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"The Shadow of the Wind" Book Discussion and Cinnamon Cupcakes Recipe
I am a voracious reader who loves to bake and enjoys books from almost every category of fiction, as well as biographies and memoirs.
Daniel Sempere is a ten-year-old boy whose father owns an antique bookshop in Spain. His mother died when he was young, and nothing of note had occurred in his life until his father takes him to the Cemetery of Forgotten Books, a secret library that contains forgotten or protected stories. He is to select one book, which will be his duty to guard and love for all of his days. He selects a novel by the obscure Julián Carax, a man whose life and death are both cryptic, not knowing that uncloaking these mysteries will endanger and begin his life. Through the streets of Spain amidst civil war and corrupt policemen, on his quest to solve the mysteries of a great novelist, Daniel will meet the oddest and most loyal of friends, fall in love, and finally grow into adulthood. Brilliant and disturbing, revealing the sinister nature of more than one madman, and the kindheartedness of whores and homeless men, The Shadow of the Wind is one of the last great Gothic novels, and a poetic mystery.
Discussion Questions
 1. Why did Clara warn, "Never trust anyone, Daniel, especially the people you admire. Those are the ones who will make you suffer the worst blows." About whom was he speaking, and could she have known how she'd later break his heart?
 2. Why was Julián's father, the hatmaker, so cruel to him and his mother?
 3. What did Julián's room look like at his parent's old apartment, and why?
 4. What were some of the lies Nuria Monfort told Daniel? Was the following phrase true: "There are worse prisons than words"? Why did she hide so much from him and her father?
 5. How did Julián live in his stories and who inspired him to create his characters?
 6. Did Julián have a "good father"? Fumero insisted that Daniel did, for he was "a man with a head, a heart, and a soul. A man capable of listening, of leading and respecting a child, and not of drowning his own defects in him." Did Daniel think Fumero would be such a man as a father? Are there any other traits you would add to the list of Daniel's father that made him a good man?
 7. Fermín stated about Julián being allowed entrance at a prestigious school was for a hidden, non-altruistic motive: "Sometimes these illustrious institutions offer a scholarship...just to show their magnanimity...the most efficient way of rendering the poor harmless is to teach them to want to imitate the rich." Did many people Daniel or Julián knew fall under this trap? Who was immune?
 8. How was the relationship shared by Julián, Jorge, and Penélope like that of Daniel, Bea, and Tomas?
 9. Why did Daniel want so desperately to "unravel the mystery of Julián Carax and rescue him from oblivion" and what did it have to do with his mother?
 10. Why did Daniel consider Fermín the "wisest and most lucid man in the universe" and trust his advice so implicitly?
 11. Maria Jacinta Coronado "wanted only one thing in life, to be a woman, to be a mother." In what ways was she both granted and denied that request? How did this relationship end in tragedy and what became of Jacinta?
 12. What is the story of the Victor Hugo pen and its travels? With whom did it end and how?
 13. Miquel Moliner complained that "Making money isn't hard in itself. What's hard is to earn it doing something worth devoting one's life to." What had his father dedicated his life to doing in order to obtain a fortune, and what did Miquel do with that fortune?
 14. One of Julián's novels, The Red House, was about "a sinister mansion that was larger inside than out. It slowly changed shape, grew new corridors, galleries, and improbable attics, endless stairs that ended nowhere." To what sinister mansion in his own life was this a comparison? What were some of the sinister occurrences in this mansion, and what did it end as? Are there any real places like this in the world?
 15. What was really killing Antony Fortuny was "his loneliness. Memories are worse than bullets." What memories tormented him, and who came to visit him weekly near the end of his life to help abate his loneliness?
 16. Nuria felt that "nothing is more frightening than a hero who lives to tell his story, to tell what all those who fell at his side will never be able to tell." Of whom was she speaking, herself or another? And was it only the civil war that she was speaking of surviving?
 17. Nuria warned Daniel that "there are no coincidences. We are puppets of our subconscious desires." Of what desires was she a puppet, which for Julián or Daniel?
 18. Julián once told Nuria that "a story is a letter the author writes to himself, to tell himself things that he would be unable to discover otherwise." Of what things did he perhaps tell himself in his novels? Nuria also wrote a story, albeit an honest one, what things did she reveal to herself? Did Fermín, who spoke stories, have any revelations for himself or Daniel?
 19. Bea says that reading "is an intimate ritual, that a book is a mirror that offers us only what we already carry inside us." What did The Shadow of the Wind offer to Daniel? Is this why he loved the book so much more than the others whom he allowed to read it, such as Clara or Fermín? Would this explain Julián and his novels?
 20. What was the truth about Julián Carax?
The Recipe
When the blind girl Clara touched Daniel's face for the first time in order to "see" it, "Her fingers smelled of cinnamon." Later, of the maid in Clara's home, she bragged that "Bernarda makes the most breathtaking cinnamon sponge cakes." Antony Fortuny also often invited Sophie to "have a hot chocolate with sponge fingers on Calle Canuda."
Cinnamon Sponge Cupcakes with Cinnamon Frosting
For the cupcakes:
 - 1/2 stick (1/4 cup) salted butter, at room temperature
 - 1/2 cup granulated sugar
 - 1 1/4 cups all purpose flour
 - 1 tbsp ground cinnamon
 - 2 1/2 tsp baking powder
 - 1/2 tsp baking soda
 - 2 large eggs, at room temperature
 - 1/2 cup whole milk, 2%, or heavy cream, at room temperature
 - 1/2 cup sour cream
 - 1 tsp vanilla extract
For the frosting:
 - 1 stick (1/2 cup) salted butter, at room temperature
 - 1 tsp vanilla extract
 - 2 1/2 cups powdered sugar
 - 2 tsp ground cinnamon
 - 4-5 drops LorAnn cinnamon oil, (you can try other brands, but I use this one; make sure to use safe, food-grade oils only)
 - 2 tbsp whole milk, 2%, or heavy cream
 1. Combine half a stick (one quarter cup) salted butter at room temperature with the granulated sugar in mixing bowl on medium-low. In a separate bowl, stir together flour, one tablespoon of ground cinnamon, baking soda, and baking powder. Allow butter and sugar to combine about two minutes, then add eggs, one at a time, and half the flour mixture, very slowly.
 2. Add a teaspoon of vanilla extract, sour cream, and one half cup of milk, followed by the rest of the flour. Mix until just combined. Scoop into a paper-lined cupcake tin and bake at 350° for 18-20 minutes. Makes about 1 dozen cupcakes.
 3. For the frosting: mix one stick of room temperature (one half cup) salted butter with the remaining one teaspoon of vanilla, and one cup of powdered sugar on medium-low using a stand or hand mixer. Then add the remaining cinnamon, the cinnamon oil (I used Lorann) and cup and a half of powdered sugar. Mix on medium speed until fully combined, stopping to scrape down the insides of the bowl if needed, to make sure all the powdered sugar is incorporated. Frost onto cupcakes that have been cooled at least 15-20 minutes.
Rate the Recipe
Similar Readings
Carlos Ruiz Zafón wrote sequels to this book, The Angel's Game and The Prisoner of Heaven. His other works translated into English are Marina, The Midnight Palace, The Prince of Mist, and The Watcher in the Shadows.
Some of the books mentioned within this one are the works of Alexandre Dumas, particularly Les Miserables, The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Voltaire's Candide, Pygmalion, a play that Barcelo used to compare himself and Bernarda to, saying he would be Professor Higgins and she Eliza. This play was turned into a wonderful musical called My Fair Lady, starring Audrey Hepburn


text:
According to the Kansas City InfoZine, at the American Association for the Advancement of Science's briefing on cyber security and the protection of U.S. infrastructure, University of Illinois computer science professor Carl Gunter said more efficient Internet security could improve the quality of living while reducing its cost.
Gunter said if more efficient Internet security techniques could be developed, assisted living programs, emergency response efforts and the cost of household electricity, among other fields, could be improved. Gunter described a scenario where a patient's medical information could be instantly transferred to hospitals and other health care providers from their homes. Such a system, which hinges on better Internet security, could take frequent, efficient readings of an individual's vital signs, which would be particularly helpful to sleep apnea and diabetes patients.
In a similar scenario, Gunter described how improved Internet security would allow for networked electrical meters, or "smart meters," that automatically measure and report a household's electricity consumption, and because electricity is more expensive at certain times of the day, the smart meter would notify consumers of peak usage time, allowing people to "shop for power."
Emergency response networks would also benefit from improved Internet security, Gunter said, noting that the only communication system to withstand Hurricane Katrina was a surveillance camera network. However, Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute senior staff member Howard Lipson cautioned that "the Internet wasn't design to resist highly untrustworthy users. You can't be surprised when we apply all these high-level functions to the Internet, and there are security problems."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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For other uses, see Portal (disambiguation).
"You mean it's working? For real, this time? Because... I still have nightmares about that cat!"
Barney Calhoun[src]
Teleportation, Portals, or Displacements, are a means of transferring matter between two locations or dimensions, regardless of their proximity. It is the central and most pivotal theme of the Half-Life universe.
Overview Edit
Whether by paranormal means, or by technological artifice, teleportation is usually achieved instantaneously. The most common and popular form of teleportation is to use a portal; essentially two connected gateways, which allow an object entering one gateway to leave via the other.
Another method was investigated by Black Mesa, and later improved upon by the Resistance.
Black Mesa Edit
Portals in the Lambda Reactor Core in the Lambda Complex.
Teleportation was a major field of study at Black Mesa, and their portals were used primarily in the procurement of Xen crystals, as they were used to transport scientists to and from the Borderworld for research and analysis. The portals can be used to travel between Xen and Earth, however, portals that allow for travel within the same dimension can be found across the facility, notably in the Lambda Reactor Core, which contains 9 portals, three on each of its three levels. Both Gordon Freeman (through the Black Mesa's Lambda Core teleport) and Barney Calhoun traveled to Xen through such a teleport, to escape from Black Mesa before its destruction.
The Displacer Cannon, found and used by Adrian Shephard, can also allow for dimensional travels, although how a hand-held device is capable of teleporting itself and the user into Xen and back using internal power is a mystery.
During his brief visit to Xen, Barney is also required to activate and calibrate a "focal point", which was then used by Doctor Rosenberg to teleport several members of the science team outside of Black Mesa.
Aperture Science Edit
Orange and blue portals created by Chell with the ASHPD.
Research into the portal technology by Aperture Science focused upon travel within the same dimension. Portal technology was discovered with far more ease, and far earlier, than at Black Mesa, with the technology appearing as early as the 1950s in the form of the Aperture Science Handheld Quantum Tunnelling Device, which was eventually streamlined into the far more portable Aperture Science Handheld Portal Device. The ASHPD, or "Portal Gun", was used as a quick method of travel over potentially unlimited distances. Through the use of the Portal Gun, Chell, one of Aperture's Test Subjects, could make objects exist in two locations simultaneously.
These portals follow a more simplified portal style, where light is able to enter the portal and send an image of both sides. They also allow for a more instantaneous transit between the portals, as it is simply a matter of walking in and appearing out of the other one. The ability to place them on any flat surface with holes or a Moon rock surface to attach a portal to makes these much more versatile and efficient than their Black Mesa counterparts.
Resistance and Combine Edit
D1 trainstation Alyx
Alyx Vance about to be sent to Black Mesa East through Kleiner's Lab teleport.
During The Uprising, the Resistance was able to develop new advancements in portal technology that allowed for single-dimensional travel. The Combine, developing alongside the Resistance, were able to make developments, however were still unable to discover the means of single-dimension teleportation (due to their inability to factor in the Dark Energy equations), and were forced to use much slower and conventional means of transportation if they wanted to stay within a single dimension.
The teleport in Kleiner's lab was perfected upon Gordon's arrival in City 17, and it was inaugurated by Alyx Vance, who had a successful transit to Black Mesa East. However, being fragile, the teleporter was damaged by Lamarr during Gordon's attempt, and he was, instead, teleported outside of the lab.
The Resistance's discovery was major, as it put them one stride ahead of the Combine in the fight for Earth. It must be noted however, that human-made portals are able to accomplish this feat by using the dimensional borderworld Xen as a relay; in the words of Judith Mossman, "we figured out how to use Xen as an unexpressed axis, effectively a dimensional slingshot so we can swing around the borderworld and come back to local space without having to pass through". This method of using an "Unexpressed Axis" centered on Xen removes the need to travel through it or to use a focusing device (like the one activated by Barney Calhoun), but instead use a modulator to emulate its effects.
Additionally, teleporters are used to supply Freeman with Magnusson Devices during the Combine raid on White Forest. These teleporters are smaller and portable, allowing them to be placed in the surrounding wilderness and regularly replenished with the devices.
The Combine also housed their own teleport in the Depot, where it is seemingly used for transporting prisoners. When Alyx and Gordon visit Nova Prospekt to rescue Eli Vance, they are required to use this teleport to return to Kleiner's lab. This plan is waylaid, however, as Judith Mossman uses it to transport Eli to the Citadel. When the teleporter is finally recharged, Alyx and Gordon end up in City 17 a week later.
Using a different technology to the Resistance teleporters, the Combine were able to covertly work on same-dimensional travel, however the device was not able to teleport large masses, and required a long time to recharge. As oppose to the "sling shot" method, they used "string-based" technology.
Xen Edit
Xen first teleport1
Teleport on Xen.
Xen creatures are also able to use portals to travel between worlds; after the Resonance Cascade, they can be seen teleporting in and out of the Black Mesa Research Facility. Their ability to do so made their siege on Black Mesa all the more easy, as they were able to teleport into almost all areas of the facility. During the events of Half-Life 2, they cannot be seen using portals to travel to Earth.
Xen also features several small monolithic teleports, portals, as well as a larger teleport leading to Nihilanth's lair.
After Gordon is trapped in stasis by the G-Man, just before the destruction of the Citadel's core, he is rescued by numerous Vortigaunts, who teleport him and Alyx from wherever they are, to next to the base of the Citadel.
Race X Edit
Sprites xen
Sprites flying from a Race X purple portal on Xen
Race X creatures seemed to have mastered teleportation technology, even with single units teleporting at will. Sprites also seem to power Race X portals, and seen powering the Gene Worm's portal to Earth. The difference is that their portals are purple rather than green.
Superportal Edit
Main article: Superportal
Superportal above a destroyed Citadel.
As its name suggests, this is a considerably larger portal, capable of transporting much larger volumes of matter over greater distances.
When Alyx and Gordon escape from City 17 during the Portal Storms, they see in the distance the remains of the Citadel, and the infant superportal, which was said if it were to open, would allow Combine units to sweep in and recapture earth. However, Superportals take a while to gain strength and eventually open.
Gallery Edit
Half-Life and its Expansions Edit
Pre-release Edit
Retail Edit
Half-Life 2 and its Episodes Edit
Portal series Edit
List of appearances Edit
References Edit
See also Edit
Half-Life Wiki has more images related to Category:Teleportation images.
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text:
The government of Indonesia has responded to UN recommendations to recognize the rights of its indigenous peoples by claiming that none live in Indonesia. In fact, Indonesia is home to an estimated 50-70 million indigenous and tribal people.
In a response to the United Nations Periodic Review, a four–year human rights check-up for all countries, Indonesia said this month, 'The Government of Indonesia supports the promotion and protection of indigenous people worldwide… Indonesia, however, does not recognize the application of the indigenous peoples concept… in the country'.
The UN's report recommended that Indonesia should consider ratifying ILO Convention 169, the only international law for indigenous and tribal peoples. It also recommended that Indonesia should secure the rights of indigenous peoples, especially to their traditional lands, territories and resources. Indonesia's denial of the existence of indigenous peoples within its borders was in response to this.
Survival International believes that Indonesia treats its indigenous and tribal people, especially in West Papua, worse than any other country in the world. In West Papua killings, torture and rape of tribal people are commonplace – the figure of 100,000 people killed since 1963 is believed to be a conservative estimate.
The denial of the very existence of indigenous peoples in Indonesia is symptomatic of the government's total disregard for their rights.
Indonesia's President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, will travel to the UK for a State visit on October 31st.
Note to Editors:
You can read the UN's Periodic Review on Indonesia here (PDF, 2.6 MB)
You can read Indonesia's response to the review here (PDF, 368 KB)


text:
Belenos (Belenus, Bel) is a Celtic god worshipped in Gaul and Britain. Today he is known first and foremost as a sun god, but in ancient times he was called on as well as a healer and honored at healing springs. His symbols include the wheel and the horse. Worshipped in many regions throughout ancient Gaul, Belenos is the epitome of a pan-Celtic deity.
Belenos was often identified by the Romans with their god Apollo by way of the interpretatio romana.
He was sometimes accompanied by the goddess Belisama.
Belenos received votive and dedicatory offerings from his worshippers and was honored at his own sanctuaries; apart from this, little is known of the specifics of his cult. It is possible that the festival of Beltane is connected to him (or to his name) in some way although the nature of this connection is uncertain; however, the bonfires lit at this time do seem to mirror the fire and warmth of the sun.
Belenos' name is derived from the Proto-Celtic *belo or "bright."
Belenos was a well-known god, worshipped widely throughout ancient Europe, as far south as Italy and as far north as Britain. A particular cluster of sites has been found in northern Italy and southern France.
Several classical writers refer to Belenos and his worship:
- Tertullian in his Apologeticus (197 CE) refers to Belenos' worship in the Norican Alps.
- Herodian in his History of the Empire from the Death of Marcus (likely written before 240 CE) speaks of Belenos' worship as a major deity of Aquileia; the god was said to have appeared in the sky to the soldiers of Emperor Maximinius during battle.
- The poet Ausonius, in his Commemoratio Professorum Burdigalensium (written during the 4th century CE) speaks of Belenos' temples and sanctuaries in what is now Bordeaux.
- In his History of the Kings of Britain (written around 1136 CE) Geoffrey of Monmouth states that the British town of Billingsgate was named for Belenos (in this case "demoted" from god to hero by the Christian Geoffrey). This is well into the Christian era, but speaks to the persistence of the god and his name.
Klagenfurt, Austria; Piercebridge, England; Bourbon-les-Bains, France; Clermont-Ferrand, France; Greasque, France; Marseilles, France; Narbonne, France; Saint-Chamas, France; Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France; Sainte-Sabine, France; Altino, Italy; Aquileia, Italy; Concordia, Italy; Grado, Italy; Rimini, Italy; Rome, Italy; Tivoli, Italy; Venice, Italy; Zuglio, Italy

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definitions for palingenesisˌpæl ɪnˈdʒɛn ə sɪs
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word palingenesis
emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species
The apparent repetition, during the development of a single embryo, of changes that occurred previously in the evolution of its species.
Spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul in Christian baptism.
Origin: From the πάλιν.
alt. of Palingenesy
Palingenesis is a concept of rebirth or re-creation, used in various contexts in philosophy, theology, politics, and biology. Its meaning stems from Greek palin, meaning again, and genesis, meaning birth. In biology, it is another word for recapitulation - the phase in the development of an organism in which its form and structure pass through the changes undergone in the evolution of the species. In theology, the word can be used to refer to reincarnation and Christian spiritual rebirth symbolized by baptism.
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"palingenesis." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 28 Nov. 2015. .


-14 votes
Why Bitcoin Acceptance Should Be A Litmus Test Of Liberty Proponents
Dear Michael,
Please read this below, and really, really consider accepting Bitcoin for donations.
Whether an individual, merchant or organization is a true proponent of liberty should largely be measured by whether they accept bitcoins for payment or donations. After all, actions are much louder than words; particularly actions that are tied to money and currency.
By accepting bitcoins merchants protect their customers from potential identity theft or political persecution from purchasing liberty orientated products and services. Failure to accept bitcoins casts aspersions on their sincerity towards the fight for liberty because it leaves open the possibility of them being a honeypot.
read more here: _URL_
Source: Trace Mayer, howtovanish.com
Failure to accept bitcoins for purchases or donations makes one either ignorantly, lazily or complicity a servant of the surveillance police state and tyranny and therefore accepting bitcoins makes an excellent litmus test for whether an individual or institution is a true liberty proponent.
A honeypot is a trap set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems. Generally it consists of a computer, data, or a network site that appears to be part of a network, but is actually isolated and monitored, and which seems to contain information or a resource of value to attackers. Honeypots are often used as bait to catch spammers and other malcontents nefariously using computing resources.
In the fight for liberty, an individual may become a honeypot either ignorantly or complicity. For example, suppose they sell a product or accept donations and use credit cards for payments. The transaction is stored, archived, databased and searchable forever with or without the consent of the merchant or consumer/donee.
Let us assume some malcontent wants to know who all the serious liberty supporters are so they can round them up and throw them in cages to later be exterminated. What would be the easiest way to identify and find them? Easy, query the transactional databases for how much money has been directed towards individuals or organizations that promote the ideas of liberties and sort by individual total.
Have you ever ordered The Law from Amazon, taken a Mises Institute course, bought Jim Willie's newletter, bought gold or silver from GoldSilver or GoldMoney, subscribed to Doug Casey's investing column, made a donation to LewRockwell.com, participated in Tom Wood's Liberty Classroom, bought Gerald Celente's Trend Research, bought from Alex Jones' various products, donated to Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty, donated to Stefan Molyneux, subscribed to the incredibly insightful Robert Wenzel of Economic Policy Journal, subscribed to The Dollar Vigilante Jeff Berwick, consulted with privacy advocate Mark Nestmann, donated to GATA, joined The Sovereign Society, been considering purchasing the highly anticipated Silent Circle by PGP creator and Internet Hall of Fame Inductee Phil Zimmermann, used the VPN CryptoHippie, donated to AntiWar and countless others.
Well, perhaps you can send them this article in an attempt to persuade them to protect their customers and accept bitcoins.
Well, all of these liberty supporters currently do not accept bitcoin payments and could be or may become honeypots. Do you purchase or want to purchase their goods or services but do not want to be trapped by a honeypot?
Want to know one group that is serious about liberty and shows it in their actions by accepting bitcoins? Libertopia 2012 where I will be speaking along with others like Doug Casey, Stefan Molyneux, Jeff Berwick and many others.
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I couldn't stop adding this one (last?) comment here!
Thanks Michael for at least trying this Bitcoin "thing"!!!
Congratulations on your fundraising drive! And thanks to all those who donated.
And for all the people who think bitcoin is "not anonymous" can you please tell me how much I donated!?! :)
Okay, I will answer for you... YOU CAN'T!
"Can I please donate to your organization?"
"No... we don't accept that form of payment."
Need I say more to drive the point home?
Donate to me in whatever form of payment you'd like... except perhaps cow dung and sea shells (Which have actually been mediums of exchange in the past/present depending on the culture/age).
When a competitor offers the same thing or better at a lower price the force of many individual decisions of many individual people, each having names, each trying to reduce their own costs, without sacrificing quality, are inspired to choose the lower price, which is a lower cost to all those people making all those choices.
That is the supposed Free Market, and the Free Market is just a term, not the actual people and not the actual decisions being made by all those people making all those decisions.
How much does it cost for anyone currently using Legal Fraud Money to stop using it?
The topic starter asks, in so many words, will is cost less to use something else instead?
If you do not "get it", then you may be one of two possible types of people, and there are as many types of people as there are numbers of grain in the sands on all the beaches on earth, but these two types of people are general characteristics shared by many of those people who belong in these groups because of those thoughts and actions that they share with each other as follows:
Group 1.
They prefer Fraud Money because they are Frauds and they make their living perpetrating Fraud upon the many victims.
Group 2.
The victims
So if you don't "get it", then go ahead and confess that you don't "get it", and when asked why, as you confess your state of thinking on this forum, in your own words, why do you shoot down the message, why do you shoot down the messenger? when asked why, confess even more if that is what you must do, and meanwhile this experiment in competitive Legal Currency, a choice, may grow, and if it does grow, and if it does challenge the Legal Frauds, then chances are those who are in Group 1 won't be using only words to shoot the message or the messengers, since these types of Free Money Market choices cannot be allowed to exist while Legal Fraud Money exists.
Check your wallet.
Check your "savings" accounts.
Check your "Retirement Accounts.
Check any investments of any kind that are denominated in the Single Legal Fraud Money produced by the Single Legal Group of Frauds at The Federal Reserve, those criminals who produce Federal Reserve Notes, and other fraudulent products, which you have bought, and which many have bet the farm on, and see what happens as those Frauds continue to enforce this:
That is THE FRN denominated account.
Fraud is precise in how well it moves POWER from those who produce POWER to those who steal it.
So, naturally, those who steal it HATE COMPETITION.
Confess all you who are frauds, please, since knowing better is by definition better than being victims - perpetually - and passing that condition onto the next generation.
If the Liberty Dollar failed.
If E-Gold failed.
Their failure may help in understanding how to make a better money that does not fail to provide the demand for it without having the "quality" of moving POWER from those who produce POWER to those who steal it.
Who is threatened by money competition and why?
Are there really people who claim that Their Money has to be used by Everyone or else?
I think it may be a good idea to know the facts on this question.
Section 4.
Those who share the desire for a Legal Money Monopoly POWER are those who plan on taking more power with the power they steal.
They can steal all the POWER they can, so long as their victims fail to know better.
Henry Ford
Someone commenting on this forum, discrediting a credible competitor in money markets, works for the Monopoly Fraud Bankers.
Pro bono, or for a price, knowingly, or unknowingly, they work FOR the Monopoly Fraud Bankers if they discredit, injuring, by resort to deceit, a credible money market competitor.
Joe,You hit the nail right on it's HEAD!
I totally agree with you, and seeing that this post now has -15 votes makes me really curious about all the FRAUD peddlers here!
You are right, all this post tries to do is to offer an option for people to choose. The article is trying to make a VERY HARD point, and all the opponents to this "litmus test" are quick to knock a strawman of Bitcoin, and even worse, completely FALSE, not even a "strawman", argument, and suggest that people somehow use their gold/silver stash to do what this article suggest: use a new system for supporting/donating/paying online, liberty proponents.
...i can hardly wait to see all the unfortunate negative voting for your and my comments... C'est la vie
I can help with that curiosity.
You spoke of litmus tests. I do the same thing. I can smell a rat with my litmus tests, and this is a very valuable skill.
This is the skill required to accurately distinguish, or discriminate, friend from foe.
Look here:
What constitutes the full measure of that which is censored?
I have a competitive perspective on the subject of political economy, as you may have already measured, doing so accurately if that is in your power to do.
My effort, as poor as it may have been, to offer my viewpoint is met with negative 14 votes.
Your effort is met with negative 15 votes.
What does your perspective challenge competitively and


text:
Experimental Study on Matching Characteristics of Wave and Flame in Detonation
A series of single-shot detonation experiments was performed to understand the matching characteristics of wave and flame in DDT for H2/air mixures in a 60mm square tube that was 2m in length. The ion-probes and pressure transducers were respectively utilized to get the signal of flame and wave, and high-speed digital imaging was used to track flame propagation of DDT area. The matching rule of shock-flame was achieved by analyzing the intensity、velocity and position characteristics of wave and flame in different time along the tube. The results indicate that intensity of wave and flame is positive feedback characteristic and the velocity of wave and flame is alternant change process. The speed amplitude of flame is rapid than that of wave in deflagration phase. This result in the overdrivern detonation wave form and flame is temporarily in front of flame when flame catch up wave. Shock is in front of flame in phase which the overdrivern detonation evolve into steady detonation wave.
P. G. Zhang et al., "Experimental Study on Matching Characteristics of Wave and Flame in Detonation", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 343-344, pp. 124-129, 2012


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Addressing inequalities in health: breast benefits project
Lockey, R. and Hart, Angie (2003) Addressing inequalities in health: breast benefits project British Journal of Midwifery, 11 (5). pp. 281-285. ISSN 0969-4900
Official URL: _URL_
It is well known that people from low socioeconomic backgrounds are less likely to breastfeed than others, thus potentially increasing health inequalities. Breast Benefits is a project working in secondary schools, reaching a target audience of young men and women aged 13–15 years living in areas of relative socioeconomic deprivation. This article gives a detailed description of the research process undertaken in order to develop a user-friendly education pack for use with young people aged 13–15 years. The project team included young people, educationalists, researchers, midwives and community workers. The findings from the pilot sessions show that young people were responsive to classroom sessions about breasts and breastfeeding, finding them interesting and informative. A key outcome of this work is an educational pack designed to assist teachers to stimulate cultural change by tackling the subject of both breasts and breastfeeding with young people. This research suggests that the devised teaching session will be effective in most state secondary schools, all of which will have a diverse student body.
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Birrong, is located 22 kilometres from Sydney central business district.
The Aboriginal word Birrong meaning star, was adopted as the suburb's name around 1927.
Birrong Girls High School is a public girls high school that was established as a girls' comprehensive high school in 1957. There are 820 students (2006 estimate) from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds enrolled in the school. 84% of students are from non-English speaking background (NESB) which represents 46 language groups.
What's in the neighbourhood?


text:
ises, turtles, and catfish. Nile crocodiles are not endangered.
The trade of the Nile crocodile has become an environmental concern especially in the Republic of Tanzania. Crocodile skins are being exported from Tanzania in large quantities due to the high demand for leather goods. The Nile crocodile skins are being exported for the luxury leather goods market including shoes, handbags and belts, especially to Japan, Italy and France.
However, this trade has caused the Nile crocodile to be classified as an endangered species. As a result, the United States along with 120 other countries throughout the world have joined in signing the Convention on International Trade and Endangered Species of World Fauna and Flora (CITES) treaty in 1973 to ban skins from endangered or potentially endangered species, such as the Nile crocodile, from being traded. In April 1994, the classification of the Nile crocodile was changed from endangered to threatened as a result of various acts and treaties protecting this species.


text:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Faculty of Arts
This thesis examines the expansion of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) under the St. Laurent government with the concept of the Big Air Force that emerged from the defence re-armament programme announced on 5 February 1951. During this critical Cold War period, the RCAF became Canada's first line of defence, making an essential contribution to the collective defence of Western Europe through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Concurrently, the RCAF underwent tremendous expansion in Canada contributing to North American defence, along with significant increases in its training, maritime and transport capabilities. The RCAF developed into the largest military service with the biggest portion of the defence budget. The notion of "airmindedness" that permeated all aspects of Canadian society enabled the development and implementation of the Big Air Force concept. Underlying the Big Air Force concept were two conflicting visions of air power, derived from leading theorists of the 1920s. The first was an independent role for aviation, "Douhet with nukes," a Cold War reference to the ideas of Italian General Giulio Douhet. The second approach was American General William Mitchell's "anything that flies" construct that embraced missions under the control of the army and navy and support to other agencies in such undertakings as air transport. By the late 1950s, the Big Air Force could not be sustained, thus marking its decline under the Diefenbaker and Pearson governments that was complete by the late 1960s. Despite some modernization in the late 1970s, successive governments adhered to the notion of a "minimalist air force" after 1969 until the end of the Cold War. This thesis considers the expansion and decline of the air force from the perspective of three inter-related thematic pillars – politics and economics, military strategy and technology. The predominance of air power represented the Canadian "way of war" during this time, and this legacy still resonates today with the ongoing debate regarding the F-35 aircraft for the RCAF's Next Generation Fighter Capability programme.
Frandsen, Bertram C., "The Rise and Fall of Canada's Cold War Air Force, _PHONE_" (2015). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1754.


Aug 202000
There are three main theories of truth: the correspondence theory, the coherence theory and the power theory. In this article, I will examine these theories and conclude that truth is power.
1. The Correspondence Theory of Truth
This is the simplest theory that regards truth as correspondence to reality: the truth of a proposition " This is a tree" is verified by the fact that there is a tree in the direction of my pointing. But what we consider bare facts has always and already been theory-laden. Someone might object to my statement and say," That is not a tree but our sacred totem, namely our ancestor." I would say, "What? Look carefully. This is just a tree. It cannot be your ancestor." But maybe I could not persuade him to discard his belief.
The correspondence theory faces more difficulties when it is applied to the verification of the theoretical proposition. You cannot verify the proposition "neutrino has mass" by putting neutrino on your hand. The correspondence theory is also useless in the case of a historical fact that has already disappeared and cannot be directly proved by referring to the perceptual objects. It is, however, these cases where interpretation is the question that need a theory of truth. That's why we must transfer from the correspondence theory to the coherence theory.
2. The Coherence Theory of Truth
The coherence theory insists that the truth of a theory should be shown by its coherence, namely lack of contradiction. This truth theory is comprehensive and includes the correspondence theory as a part, for the correspondence to reality is equal to the coherence to perception. In addition to this coherence, it demands that every theoretical proposition should not be contradictory to each other.
What is insufficient concerning the coherence theory is that it does not clue us in on what part of knowledge to negate when our system confronts contradiction. Suppose a theory is composed of elementary propositions combined by conjunction:
A and B and C and…
If the theory turns out to result in contradiction, it follows logically negated elementary propositions combined by disjunction
non-A or non-B or non-C or…
Which should we select? My answer is that the most powerless is discarded. Here comes the power theory of truth.
3. The Power Theory of Truth
The power theory of truth insists that truth should contribute to the survival of systems. The longer a system can survive, the nearer the belief according to which the system selects proves to approach the truth and the converse is also true.
Why should not the system of knowledge contradict itself? If it allows contradiction, any assertion can be true, which means giving up every selection. As a system is nothing but selection, giving up every selection means the maximum increase of entropy, namely death. Just as living things endeavor to maintain them as negentropy against the increasing entropy, scientists endeavor to avoid contradiction pointed out by the rival and keep their theory consistent.
Our system of knowledge has center/periphery structure. The central belief is solid and stable, while the peripheral belief is fluctuating and unstable. Like a lizard that cuts its tail and manages to survive, a system cuts down the least important peripheral belief when it contradicts itself. The more peripheral and the less a part is corrected, the costless it is for the system. So, a long believed theory is scarcely overthrown by one experimental counterexample. Doubt is thrown on the reliability of the source of information, precision of measurement and so on. If framing up peripheral knowledge is no longer enough, a new central belief will take the place of the old.
The same phenomenon is found in social systems. Scientists form a social system, where the majority engaged in normal science occupies central status by monopolizing the power of personnel management and research funds. Even if heretical scientists on the periphery point out contradiction of normal science, they can avoid it by puzzle solving within a paradigm. When puzzle solving can no longer cope with difficulties, it's time for scientific revolution.
Both in personal and social systems the drastic revolution that abandons central knowledge breaks out, when otherwise the system could no longer survive. So, scientific revolution rather affirms than deny the power theory of truth.
What is true is determined by market mechanism. Normal science can monopolize the knowledge market, but the science system must compete with other systems to be distributed the budget to. Scientific revolution is necessary when the result of science falls short of taxpayers' expectations; that is to say, science seems not to contribute to the survival of whole social systems.
There is no significant difference between science and politics. The academic ability to construct a coherent structure of many elementary propositions is the same as the political ability to arrange various interests conformably.
The power theory of truth is often thought just to follow status qua. But its assertion that the nearer the belief of a system approaches the truth, the longer the system can survive is idealistic. The corrupt power might survive in the short run, but dooms to collapse in the long run.
You may say, " Some cancer patients die of shock to know the truth. The truth sometimes does not contribute to survival." Such patients are not ready for death. It is because they do not realize the truth of limited life that they die early. The ignorant happiness does not contribute to survival. A dictator is apt to control information and brainwash his nations to believe that they live in the best country. History shows that the life of systems blind to their own faults is statistically shorter than that of systems that disclose information.
Please follow and like me.
 4 Responses to "What is Truth?"
 1. I just have some questions. You state that the least important peripheral beliefs will be rejected by a system under contradiction. How does a system judge the importance of peripheral beliefs according to the power system? Being trained in science, I have learned to think along the lines of an objective reality, and that we are getting closer to it with successive scientific discoveries. Does this notion concur with the power theory of truth?
 It would seem to me not to, because what is true for one culture may not be true for another, which brings me to my next question. If two societies emerge in different parts of the world at the same time (i.e. Chinese and European empires), they probably believe different ideas to be true. If both of these beliefs are core beliefs (perhaps belief in reincarnation vs. eternal afterlife, or belief in conformity vs. nonconformity) and both of these beliefs contribute to the longevity of the empires. Are both beliefs true according to the power theory? Is there no objective, absolute truth?
 2. A system discards the most powerless, namely the least unnecessary part for it to survive. Our opinions are not so different. You said in your article, "Because of the constantly changing environment, few statements can be regarded as true. Descriptive statements are proven false or incomplete by new evidence that arises over time. Along with absolute statements, these are merely opinion and highly subjective in nature." Yes. Truth is relative and subjective.
 3. Perhaps the most resilient of systems during the modern era includes democracy. The assumption is that since freedom exists, no one system can monopolize. But in so doing, as Alexis de Tocquville pointed out, majorities will inevitably impose their beliefs on the minority. And so, it happens continually in our American culture, perhaps now more than ever in a nation of 250 million. Then there is the system in China. One billion people live the philosophy of acceptance of the majority. This system has survived millennia. Although we have personal freedoms here in the US, the majority is continually attempting to get the nonconformist to follow the mainstream through various means, including keeping them in financial check by forcing millions to live at the poverty level through so-called federal welfare programs.
 My questions, then, are:
 1) Which system is really better?
 2) How have the Chinese existed for so long under a system of forced acceptance?
 3) How does each system continue to justify its own existence?
 4. I will answer your three questions.
 1) Currently market-based democracy seems to be the best system. But what system is the best is an open question argument.
 2) No Chinese Dynasty has ever survived more than 400 years. Anyway, China had been the greatest and most advanced civilization in the world before modern.
 3) There are many ways. Market-based democracy justifies inequality by the ideal of equal opportunity.
 Leave a Reply


Tomographies of various kinds are basically the only possibility right now to look deeper into asteroids or planets. On Earth, "signals" generated by earthquakes are for instance used for performing a tomography in a mathematical sense of the Earth and its core structure (seismic tomography in wikipedia, more details in a document of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology).
In space, as far as I know, the only mission making use of a similar concept (for an asteroid) is Rosetta with its "COmet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission" - please correct me if I am wrong.
There have been plenty of proposals for seismic networks on the Moon, etc. But are there any currently seriously investigated mission concepts with hopefully some actual funding, which contain at least one experiment/instrument of any sort that could perform a tomography of a celestial body?
EDIT: What I am kind of looking for are concepts, which result in a 3D representation of the interior of an object as you can find it in medical applications. Due to the fair number of seismometers and quakes here on Earth, you can actually search for anomalies within a plain shell model of the Earth. On the Moon, there were similar attempts during the Apollo era. Have a look at this paper: A. Khan, A. Pommier, G.A. Neumann, K. Mosegaard, 2013. The lunar moho and the internal structure of the Moon: A geophysical perspective. In: Tectonophysics. Figure 4 is interesting. Here, the limitation was the number of seismometers and useful seismic events. Besides, all seismometers were located on one hemisphere, thus further limiting the value of their data. The answer of _USER_ refers to InSight for Mars, which is based on the same concept and essentially has the same limitations.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ China's Chang'e 3 lunar rover that will be launched later this year will have radar equipment mounted on its underside that will allow it to image nearly one kilometer beneath the surface. $\endgroup$ – Gwen Jul 19 '13 at 4:14
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: Yep, I know. But compared to the Moon's radius of about 1,737 km, this is a bit pointless with respect to my question. $\endgroup$ – s-m-e Jul 22 '13 at 8:23
 - $\begingroup$ InSight is the usual example. Underfunded, descoped... $\endgroup$ – Deer Hunter Jul 23 '13 at 21:40
The InSight mission fits your criteria. Quoting JPL:
Why do I consider it tomography if there's only one sensor?
 - It is possible to spot impact events with the help of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter...
 -... and thus correlate seismic records with quantitative estimates of the force of impact and its precise areographic coordinates.
In words of Bruce Banerdt at the July 2013 meeting of MEPAG: (_URL_
InSight Capabilities
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks for the answer, it is useful. You could say that this is a "quasi-tomography". There were similar experiments on the Moon during the Apollo flights. The mathematical limitation is, that you have to assume a model of spherical shells - point symmetry, in a way - for data analysis. However, this will not give you a kind of 3D-resolved representation of the Martian interior, which is a bit of what I am looking for. On a large scale, planets are point symmetric, but asteroids are certainly not... $\endgroup$ – s-m-e Aug 12 '13 at 19:05
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ - alas, this will have to wait. There were plans to scatter sensors around the planet, but there's no funding for that. $\endgroup$ – Deer Hunter Aug 12 '13 at 19:10
 - $\begingroup$ Yep... you are right. That's why I was asking for concepts with 'actual funding' - whatever this could mean. Besides, I slightly edited my question. $\endgroup$ – s-m-e Aug 12 '13 at 19:26
Your Answer


text:
Cavities Forming Behind Porcelain Veneers
Cavities forming behind porcelain veneers is unlikely, but not entirely impossible. Porcelain itself is impervious to tooth decay and when placed by an experienced cosmetic dentist like Dr. Kevin Sands, most often acts as a protectant for the underlying tooth. However, should you lapse in your dental hygiene routine, cavities can form beneath a veneer, resulting in damage to your natural tooth.
During your Beverly Hills porcelain veneers consultation, Dr. Sands will be happy to discuss the most effective ways to keep your teeth healthy following your procedure.
How to Prevent Cavities
It is important that you visit Dr. Sands twice yearly for professional cleanings and examinations, but the most effective ways to prevent cavities are making wise every-day choices. Try to avoid sugary foods and beverages. Not only are these things void of any nutritional value, they can quickly lead to serious oral health issues.
In addition, make sure you:
- Brush your teeth after every meal and snack – use a soft bristled toothbrush and a toothpaste formulated for dental veneers to avoid scratching
- Floss at least once a day – twice is optimal, but even one thorough flossing can remove food particles and plaque from in between your teeth, reducing your chance of decay
These simple steps take next to no time and are an incredibly effective way to help prevent cavities and keep both your veneers and teeth healthy and strong for years to come.
To learn more about porcelain veneers, please contact Kevin B. Sands, D.D.S. to schedule a consultation at our comfortable Beverly Hills, California office.Previous Post Next Post


text:
THINGS YOU NEED
*2 old CD's
*a toy car
WHAT TO DO
1.Cut out four cardboard squares and keep them aside.
2.take the straw and cut out 2 small pieces.
_URL_ these pieces to the piece of cardboard.(this joint has to strong)
4.put glue around the hole in the CD and stick one cardboard square on it.tape it to make it stronger.Do the
same on the other side of the same CD.Do the same on the other CD.
5.Mark the center of the CD on the cardboard(stuck to the center of the CD) and using a compass make a small hole on both
the cardboard pieces on the sides of the CD. Repeat on the other CD
6.Insert the kebab skewer into one of the CD's.Now put the other end of the skewer through the straws on the cardboard and put the other CD on the other side of the skewer.
7.Attach the toy car to the other end of the cardboard piece on the underside.
8.Loop a rubber band around the exposed part of the kebab skewer and stick it with tape or glue.
9. The other end of the rubber band and stick it to the front of the cardboard.
10.pull back the car.The rubber band will wind around the axle(KEBAB SKEWER)and when you leave the car, the rubber band will unwind and in the process turn the axle and thus the car will move forward.


text:
PHY vs MAC | Difference between PHY layer,MAC layer
This page compares PHY vs MAC layers and mention difference between PHY layer and MAC layer. This page on PHY vs MAC helps reader understand basics of PHY layer such as what is phy medium used, frequency, data rate, modulation, code rate and so on. PHY and MAC layers of wlan, wimax, zigbee, zwave, bluetooth are also mentioned.
Both of these are layers reside in OSI stack or OSI 7 layer model. They have their own functions as well as they support each other in order to provide reliable communication between peer network layers of two IP enabled devices. Layer-1 is known as PHY and Layer-2 is known as MAC. Figure depicts positions of these layers in OSI stack.
What is PHY Layer
PHY is the short form of Physical Layer or medium. It is the layer-1 in OSI stack. It interfaces physical medium with MAC and upper layers. Physical medium can be copper wire, fiber optic cable, twisted pair or even wireless channel.
Following are the functions of PHY layer:
- It converts MAC layer format suitable to be transported over the medium.
- It adds forward error correction functionality to enable error correction at the receiver.
- It adds modulation and demodulation modules to incorporate modulation and demodulation functionalities. This will convert bits into symbols for long distance transmission as well as to increase bandwidth efficiency.
Following table-1 mentions what are different physical layers as per different wireless and wired standards. The variation in physical layer depends on medium requirement and system performance requirement (i.e. BER, SNR, spectral efficiency or Bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency). Different PHY layers will have different FEC configurations and modulation formats.
What is MAC Layer
MAC is the short form of Medium Access Control Layer. It is the layer-2 in OSI stack. It interfaces PHY layer and Upper layers (i.e. network and above).
Following are the functions of MAC layer:
- It incorporates MAC header at the start of upper layer IP packet and CRC at the end of IP packet. MAC header includes packet length field which will help receiver know about total length of packet it is going to receive. CRC will help in error detection. It will help receiver know whether received packet is erroneous or not.
- Incorporates ARQ functionality as a means for requesting retransmission in case of errors. This retransmission request is initiated by the receiver to the transmitter.
- Takes care of resource allocation and maintenance for the requesting subscribers or clients of the service.
- Enable flow control by segmentation (at transmit end) and re-assembly (at receive end) of packets. This is also known as fragmentation and reassembly. The size of the segmentation depends on transport payload of the medium. For example, in case of OFDM based systems such as wimax or wlan, the payload size depends on number of data carriers in a symbol or slot.
Following table-2 mentions MAC layers of various standards.
|MAC Layer||RF Wireless World Reference link|
|WLAN MAC as per 11a and 11ac standard||
WLAN MAC Layer-1➤
WLAN MAC Layer-2➤
WLAN 11ac MAC Layer➤
|WiMAX MAC Layer as per IEEE 802.16d standard||WiMAX MAC layer as per OFDM➤|
|Zigbee MAC Layer||Zigbee MAC layer➤|
|Bluetooth MAC||Bluetooth MAC layer➤|
|Zwave MAC||Zwave MAC layer➤|
|WBAN MAC||WBAN MAC layer➤|


text:
You are here
Export controls regulate the shipment or transfer, by whatever means, of controlled items, software, technology, or services out of U.S or within the US to non-US individuals. As this is a complex and complicated topic, it is recommended that researchers visit CUNY's Export Control for a detailed explanation of Export Control regulations how they affect research activities, international collaborations, and export-related transactions at CUNY. This website will provide links to key sections of the regulations, CUNY's procedures addressing the types of items that the government controls, and CUNY contacts for export control administration.
CUNY SPS Export Control Administrator:
Assistant Dean of Institutional Effectiveness and Planning


text:
Can Chickens Fly
Many people want to know if chickens can fly, and what to do with backyard chickens in regards to flight. So, can chickens fly? In short, yes they can. However, they cannot fly very far or very high, and are not known for their flying abilities. We will cover a few common questions about chicken flight, including how high they can go, how far, and what to do with a flighty bird.
The chicken flight records show that chickens don't have a great ability to fly. The longest recorded flight of a chicken was 13 seconds, and the farthest distance recorded was over 301 feet. Although these are impressive by chicken standards, consider that birds like eagles can fly over 125 miles without landing.
Different breeds and birds have different abilities. One breed that is known for being able to fly well is the Wyandotte. These birds start flying at a young age and are known to be more flighty birds, although they don't fly well. On the other hand, frizzle chickens often cannot even jump up onto a perch due to their funny feathering!
Let's look at why chickens fly. There are many reasons your poultry may take to the air, but a few are most common. First, chickens will often fly when being chased or when they feel like they are in danger. Flight is a great survival mechanism, helping your flock get away from a predator or threat.
Chickens also fly out of curiosity and perseverance. If they see literal or proverbial greener grass, they may go to investigate. Chickens are extremely determined birds, and will do what they can to see what is going on on the other side of a fence. If there are good pickins on the other side of the fence, your birds may want to see what they can find.
Finally, chickens may fly to find a place to roost. Some breeds may be more prone to this than others. Ameraucanas, for example, love to perch up in trees. They may do this at dusk, or during the day to take a nap. They may jump from branch to branch and get pretty high up there! We've seen our ladies up ten feet or more in the tree.
How Far Can Chickens Fly?
So, can chickens fly long distances? They cannot. When they do fly, it tends to be just a few feet at a time. Many lighter breeds are able to fly a few meters at a time, but this is rare. During a scuffle with another chicken or a predator, you may see your flock taking a low and quick flight a few meters away. In more dramatic cases when a chicken is really trying to escape something, they often will travel over fifty feet in the air.
How High Can Chickens Fly?
This is another common question we hear quite a bit. People ask can chickens fly over fences, walls, or onto roofs. Like many other questions related to chicken flight, it really depends on the breed. Heavier chickens may top out at four feet, while lighter chickens often can reach up to seven feet. Chickens will jump up into trees, onto fences, or onto roofs often in steps. If there is something near a fence for a chicken to jump up to first, they may be able to get over. However, they can be trained to not clear fences or the roof.
According to Live Science, the most simple explanations are that chickens have too small of wings, and they are too large and heavy to fly. However, they were not always that way as we point out in our post 19 Interesting Facts about Chickens. Through selective breeding, we have domesticated chickens today that are larger and less flight-prone than their ancestors, the jungle fowl.
Clipping Your Chicken's Wings
Clipping a chicken's wings is considered harsh by some, while many choose to do it. It does not harm your chicken, but will dramatically impact their ability to fly. By clipping just the flight wings, the birds are prevented from gaining lift. They can still fly and escape danger, but it is much more difficult for them to get good air. Do your research to see if this is right for you. If you're interested in clipping your chickens' wings, make sure you do it right. You can find a good guide to clipping chicken wings from Permaculture.
For more information on chickens, check out our Chicken Keeping Resource Guide with FAQ's, book recommendations, information about different breeds, and all you need to know about coops


text:
WHEREAS the Medical Officer of Health has identified immunization as one of the most important public health measures for all Toronto residents.
A century ago, many children died before their fifth birthday from diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles due to the limited or no availability of immunizations. Today, immunizations prevent illness and save lives by eliminating and reducing the spread of many diseases that were once common, particularly during childhood.
Immunization is considered to be the most cost-beneficial health intervention and one of the few that systematically demonstrates significantly more benefits than costs. National Immunization Awareness Week promotes the importance of immunization in Canada and increases public awareness that many diseases are effectively and safely controlled by immunization.
Immunization awareness weeks around the world are sponsored by the Canadian Coalition for Immunization Awareness & Promotion, Pan American Health Organization and the World Health Organization. Toronto joins with cities across Canada and around the world to participate in this initiative and encourage childhood immunization during this time and throughout the year.
NOW THEREFORE, I, Mayor Rob Ford, on behalf of Toronto City Council, do hereby proclaim April 21 – 28, 2012 as "National Immunization Awareness Week" in the City of Toronto and encourage everyone to recognize the benefit of immunization to the health and well-being of our community.


SingingCat 0
SingingCat Module Development
The SingingCat Modules are entirely open-source. The components you may modify are:
 1. The Firmware on the module
 2. The Bootloader of the module
 3. The Firmware of the Wireless-chip
Most developers probably want to modify the application on the module. With this you can (for example):
and, if you are prepared to dive deeper into the code, you can modify pretty much every aspect of the module.
This section explains how you set up the development environment.
 1. Setup the IDE:
 We recommend "codeblocks" - a powerful IDE for C-Development. a preconfigured project file is within the git directory. You may download codeblocks from here:
 (Of course emacs or vi work just as well, if you prefer)
 2. Try it: open the file src-app/userhooks.c add "led_on(LED_BLUE);" to on_startup();
 3. Hit "build" in codeblocks (or make on the command line)
 4. verify you have a main1.bin in the directory "dist/firmware"
 5. Done - you have build the code....
If you want to flash this to modules, please read more here
Step 1: Opening the box


text: First published by HarperCollinsUS in 1964, this classic children's novel has sold over 4 million copies and was awarded the New York Times... Show synopsis First published by HarperCollinsUS in 1964, this classic children's novel has sold over 4 million copies and was awarded the New York Times Outstanding Book Award. Sixth-grader Harriet attends school on the New York's Upper East Side along with her two best pals, Sport, the jock, and Janie, the mad scientist. After school every day, she takes her notebook and proceeds through her spy route. Climbing on milk crates and hoisting herself up dumbwaiters, Harriet observes the rich lady who never gets out of bed; the man with twenty-five cats and the Italian family who runs a grocery store. She writes brutally warts-and-all notes on them all. Harriet's downfall is that she also writes down her thoughts about people she actually knows. After a game in the park when her notebook is knocked out of her hands and read by her classmates, Harriet's deepest thoughts are revealed and she is quickly ostracised by all her classmates -- even the boy with the Purple Socks -- who form the Spycatcher's Club to punish her. After her parents find out what's happened, Harriet receives a final, crushing blow. She is no longer allowed to take notes -- her parents, her teacher and even the cook search her every day for a contraband notebook. Harriet's only consolation is the love and the wise advice of her nanny who manages to get her through this difficult period in her life. A classic in the US where it was first published and a major motion film from Paramount, Harriet the Spy is a beloved book throughout the world.


text:
the North Warks Line was being built, its
embankment cut off both Webb Lane and Robin Hood Lane : to avoid
the cost of two bridges so close together, a single span was placed
centrally and the lanes diverted to it. Both fords then went out
For two decades the Four Arches Bridge continued to be used, but
then Cole Valley Road was built up : thenceforward the bridge led
nowhere, and it was allowed to fall into ruin until only the arch
courses and piers remained. A local campaign succeeded in achieving
its handsome restoration. The race to Sarehole Mill formerly went
under Brook Lane in a culvert, but this has been blocked and the
line of the race is lost to northward. The spillway from race to
river is seen to be still there, and the slots for the removable
plank weir can be seen.
Old Brook Lane and Wake Green Road met at the bridge. Thereby was
a Tudor farm called Little Sarehole in chequerboard timbering with
a very steep-pitched roof and tall chimney-stack. This was demolished
in the Thirties, being then very tumbled-down. On the lane stood
Brook Farm, which also had tall chimneys to clear the usual temperature
inversion of riverside evenings.
From 1810 both farms belonged to the Webbs, after whom the holloway
lane is named. Brook Farm was razed during WW II, and prefabs were
built along the renamed Coleside Avenue. Old Brook Lane was closed
except for a footpath in the early Sixties. Now 43 homes for the
elderly and infirm are being completed beside the Avenue.
New Brook Lane, a dual carriageway intended to be part of the Outer
Ring Road, was made in the later Thirties to connect with the low
girder bridge which had been built between the two ancient fords.
Across it is a stretch of 'fossil road' : this was part of Wake
Green Road until the early Thirties, but was too near the river
to be developed. Its tarmac is largely silt-covered, but overgrown
hedges still define it. A new road was made thirty yards to the
The riverside walk continues along the abandoned track, past the
site of Robin Hood Lane ford, and across Cotterills Meadow. This
has been Colebank Playing Field for the last sixty years. The chimney
and roofs of Sarehole Mill can be seen ahead.
An optional diversion is rewarding. It is a walk up the grass reservation
of New Brook Lane. between the well-grown poplars, to Swanshurst
Park. This, formerly land of Ivyhouse Farm, was sold by 'Squire'
Taylor to Birmingham Corporation in 1922 and opened as a park. There
is a fine view from the Fire Station across the Cole Valley to the
flat Solihull Plateau : on a clear day the East Warwickshire Heights
near Fillongley Castle can be seen beyond.
Swanshurst Pool (Grove Pool, Moseley New Pool) was made in or before
1759 as a fishpond. All local lakes, whether also used to power
mills or not, were harvested regularly : fresh fish found a ready
sale in Birmingham. A fine grove of beech trees is an unusual feature
of the lakeside. The next valley northward is that of the Coldbath
Brook, on which there used to be four pools. The uppermost is a
hazard in Moseley Gold Course and not accessible.
Next below, in the dip of Yardley Wood Road, is almost wholly overbuilt
: it was the pool of Lady Mill, which went out of use 150 years
Downstream, beyond a sports field which overlies a great floodwater
tank, is the ill-drained bed of a pool which supplied Sarehole Mill
until the 1890's. Today it is known, incorrectly, as Moseley Bog,
the wetland habitat of rare plants. Local residents have prevented
intensive development of the north side which would have altered
its character. Lowest on the brook is Sarehole Mill Pool.
The suffix of the district name is properly 'holm', meaning flood-meadow.
Sarehole Mill, probably early medieval in foundation, was rebuilt
in 1542. Until the 1768 leat was cut, Coldbath Brook was its only
supply. A new large mill was built to use the improved power source,
with three storeys of brick. A breast wheel was used for corn-milling
and a smaller overshot wheel for grinding and boring in the workshop
to the south end.
In 1851 the mill ceased metal-working, and the shop became a miller's
cottage. A steam engine was installed in a tall-chimneyed house
to supplement water power. The breast wheel remained in use until
1919. Four decades later the last tenant died and the mill, property
of the City, was left, open to attack by vandals.
Local concern and gifts of money from many organisations saved
the only watermill left in Birmingham (of sixty two centuries ago)
and it has been lovingly restored. Both wheels are working, a single
grindery and a steam engine have been installed, and the lucam replaced.
The cottage is lowered to its original height and equipped as a
rural workshop. Ducks have returned to the dredged pond. The mill
has been open to the public as a museum of rural industry and life
since 1969. Dates given on the Civic Society plaque are incorrect.
In the mill-meadow three channels join a long tail-race. A spillway
from the Cole demonstrates that the race is at a lower level than
the river. Like the Slade and Scribbers Lane fords, that on Green
Road has been concreted : the wooden footbridge is the latest of
many - earlier ones have been swept away by sudden torrents.
When the meadow below Green Road was opened as part of the riverside
walk in the Sixties, the Cole was re-coursed and two weirs topped
by step-stones were installed. At Stratford Road is the site of
the C13th Greet Mill, whose pool was the ponded river. In 1914 two
brick bridges, over the river channel and a flood-race, were replaced
by a two-arched brick bridge with a stone balustrade : this enabled
tramcars to cross the river and go on to Hall Green. The mill went
out of use about 1843, was demolished and forgotten, but the name
'Greet Mill Hill' for Shaftmoor Lane survived.
There is no riverside access beyond Stratford Road : allotments
occupy most of both banks for half a mile. Open space, an infilled
clay-pit, and a schools' playing field, lies to the north, and when
a footbridge is made across the Cole at the far end there will be
access to The Ackers and Cole Valley North.
A further publication called 'Cole Valley South' giving further
detail will be produced in the Brum Trails series.


Category Archives: salesforce crt-450 pdf
[2020.6] Latest Salesforce CRT-450 Exam Practice Questions and CRT-450 Exam Dumps
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Certification Preparation for Platform Developer I (CRT450):
When you complete this course, you will be able to:
 - Describe the structure of the exam and the exam's objectives.
 - List the most heavily weighted exam objectives.
 - Describe key features of the Salesforce programming languages, including Apex, SOQL, SOSL, and Visualforce.
 - Explain important Salesforce concepts, such as the testing framework, governor limits, and the same order of execution.
 - Explain the ALM of a Salesforce development project.
Latest Updates Salesforce CRT-450 Exam Practice Questions and Answers
What is the capability of a StandardSetController?Choose 2 answers
A. It allows pages to perform mass updates of records
B. It allows pages to perform pagination with large record sets
C. It enforces field-level security when reading large record sets
D. It extends the functionality of a standard or custom controller
Correct Answer: AB
From which two locations can a developer determine the overall code coverage for a sandbox? Choose two answers
A. The Apex classes setup page
B. The Test Suite Run panel the Developer Console
C. The Test Tab of the Developer Console
D. The Apex Test Execution page
Correct Answer: AC
Which component is available to deploy using Metadata API? Choose 2 answers
A. Case Layout
B. Account Layout
C. Case Feed Layout
D. ConsoleLayout
Correct Answer: AB
A platform developer needs to write an apex method that will only perform an action if a record is assigned to a specific
record type. Which two options allow the developer to dynamically determine the ID of the required record type by its
name? Choose 2 answers
A. Use the getrecordtypeinfosbydevelopername() method in the describesobjectresult class
B. Make an outbound web services call to the SOAP API
C. Execute a SOQL query on the recordtype object
D. Hardcore the ID as a constant in an apex class
Correct Answer: AC
A developer creates a method in an Apex class and needs to ensure that errors are handled properly. What would the
developer use? (There are three correct answers.)
A. ApexPages.addErrorMessage()
B. A custom exception
C..addError()
D. Database.handleException()
E. A try/catch construct
Correct Answer: BCE
A developer has the controller class below.
geturnet crt-450 q6
Which code block will run successfully in an execute anonymous window?
A. myFooController m = new myFooController();System.assert(m.prop!=null);
B. myFooController m = new myFooController();System.assert(m.prop ==0);
C. myFooController m = new myFooController();System.assert(m.prop ==null);
D. myFooController m = new myFooController();System.assert(m.prop ==1);
Correct Answer: C
What is the result of the following code block?
Integer x = 1;Integer Y = 0;While(x
A. An error occurs
B. Y = 9
C. Y = 10
D. X = 0
Correct Answer: A
What should a developer work in a sandbox use to exercise a new test Class before the developer deploys that test
production?Choose 2 answers
A. The REST API and ApexTestRun method
B. The Apex Test Execution page in Salesforce Setup.
C. The Test menu in the Developer Console.
D. The Run Tests page in Salesforce Setup.
Correct Answer: BC
A developer wants to list all of the Tasks for each Account on the Account detail page. When a task is created for a
Contact, what does the developer need to do to display the Task on the related Account record?
A. Nothing. The task is automatically displayed on the Account page.
B. Nothing. The Task cannot be related to an Account and a Contact.
C. Create a Workflow rule to relate the Task to the Contact\'s Account.
D. Create an Account formula field that displays the Task information.
Correct Answer: A
Which two Apex data types can be used to reference a Salesforce record ID dynamically? (Choose two.)
B. sObject
C. External ID
D. String
Correct Answer: AD
What actions types should be configured to display a custom success message?
A. Update a record.
B. Post a feed item.
C. Delete a record.
D. Close a case.
Correct Answer: A
An Account trigger updates all related Contacts and Cases each time an Account is saved using the following two DML
update allContacts; update allCases;
What is the result if the Case update exceeds the governor limit for maximum number of DML records?
A. The Account save succeeds, Contacts are updated, but Cases are not.
B. The Account save fails and no Contacts or Cases are updated
C. The Account save is retried using a smaller trigger batch size.
D. The Account save succeeds and no Contacts or Cases are updated
Correct Answer: B
Which tool allows a developer to send requests to the Salesforce REST APIs and view the responses?
A. REST resource path URL
B. Workbench REST Explorer
C. Developer Console REST tab
D. IDE REST Explorer tab
Correct Answer: B
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text:
Definition of Hearing instrument
Hearing instrument: A synonym for a hearing aid that gained popularity to distinguish the device from AIDS. See: Hearing aid.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
Drug Medical Dictionary of Terms by Letter
Medical Dictionary Term:
Find out what women really need.


text:
Range Creek on display
Book Cliff students visit exhibit
|The students learn about the tanning process from Ephraim Dickson.|
Emery County has been put on the map with the news leaking out last year on the archaeological discoveries at Range Creek. The Utah Museum of Natural History is bringing the first Range Creek exhibit to the John Wesley Powell River History Museum in Green River for one year. The kickoff event was held on March 10. Students from Book Cliff Elementary attended the event for some hands on fun with museum presenters.
The students learned about nature's grocery store and explored the use of plants in the Fremont world. The students learned how to grind corn and the chores involved with gathering enough food each day to exist. Ephraim Dickson, director of Education for the Utah Museum of Natural History discussed hunting practices and tools used among the Fremont. Students learned about tanning hides and scraping them with rock scrapers.
|Julie Hansen talks about Fremont pottery with the school children.|
Julie Hansen, cultural anthropologist, explained how the Fremont used pottery in their everyday lives and how they made pots by collecting clay and mixing it with sand or crushed rocks to make it stronger. Sometimes they painted the pottery. The pots were baked in the sun. The clay was coiled around and around like a snake and formed into a pot. The pot was smoothed with a rock inside and out. The students saw pots made in the Fremont era and baskets.
Dickson explained how the trash piles the Indians left behind tell a lot about the way they lived. Chris Lyon, geologist, showed the children some rock art and figurines. She told them the use of the figurines isn't known at this time. The children speculated on the use of the figurines with answers like, "maybe they were used for snuggling," or "maybe they represent people who have died," or "maybe they protected the corn." No one knows for sure and one guess is as good as another as the children thought about the ancients and their way of life.
Sharon Hughes' first grade class will write stories about the Indians and the things they have learned about them.


text:
Almost daily, leaving a light covering taken again,
as if to say, "Not so soon."
Patience for spring, tried and failing.
this process, I know that its conclusion marks the arrival of spring. That, each day, and with each step, the grip is loosened.
The final step in the process of making maple syrup, aptly called "finishing," takes the evaporated sap from the pan outdoors and brings it to the proper density indoors, over the stove. Of the entire operation, from the tapping of the trees until the syrup lines our shelves as amber in glass, this final step requires the most precision.
Out come the fancy tools of the trade, wrapped carefully in tissue and kept in a drawer, safely aside from all the other heavy kitchen utensils that might break its delicate, glass form. The hydrometer—a weighted float, calibrated and marked in fine black and red lines along its hollow, slender stem, to measure the specific gravity, the liquid's density relative to that of water. And a hydrometer cup—a tall, thin, metal container that will hold a column of liquid for testing.
Hot liquid, ladled from a pot on the stove, and into the cup, is checked often, until the hydrometer floats in the column to just the right mark.
Too dense, and crystals may form within the jars.
So, as we are "finishing,"
so is winter, wrapping itself up,
releasing, finger by finger, its grasp.
And leaving us with amber in glass.
Amber in Glass
View more ABC Wednesdays here!


text:
Jain History of Maharashtra
Maharashtra has its history of at least 5000 years and the from the beginning, this region is stronghold of Jainism and Jains. The oldest evidence of Jains in Maharshtra is Valmiki Ramayan, which states that Shabari in Dandakaranya was a Shramani i.e. a Jain woman. In Mahabharat, it is stated that Rukmini of Amaravati (Vidarbh) too was a Shramani.
The oldest inscription in Maharshtra is a Jain inscription. It is in a cave near Pale village in Pune district of Maharashtra. This 2nd century B.C.E. inscription is in Prakrit language and contains Namokar Mantra.
Marathi language was born from a Prakrit language called Jain Maharashtri. The first Marathi inscription is carved at Shravanbelgola, Karnatak near the left foot of statue of Bhagwan Bahubali. It was inscripted in C.E. 981
Maharashtra was ruled by many Jain dynasties like Chalukyas, Rashtrakoots and Shilahars. Most of the forts in Maharashtra are built by kings from these dynasties. That is why you see Jain temples or idols on many forts in Maharashtra.
Most of the people in Maharashtra were follower of Jainism in ancient and medieval period. This fact is clearly stated in many Hindu religious books like Shankardigvijay and Shivlilamrut.
This site will give detailed information on this subject soon.


text:
, and fifteen others applied WTO rules to their
trade policies. Administered by a general council, trade dispute
negotiation panel, and secretariat.
- Religion founded in the sixth century B.C. by the Iranian prophet
Zoroaster. With monotheistic and dualistic aspects, it influenced
subsequently founded religions, including Christianity and Islam. Now
practiced most widely by Persian immigrants in India.


text:
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces. The notion of the embedded spaces was introduced by D.S. Djordjevic. Say that $X$ embed in $Y$, and write $X \preceq Y$, if there exists a left invertible operator $J:X \rightarrow Y$. My question is the following；
If $X$ embed in $Y$, and $Y$ embed in $X$, then $X$ isomorphic onto $Y$？
PS: The answer is positive when $X$ and $Y$ are Hilbert spaces. But for general Banach space,I can not find a solution. Is there exists a couterexample?


text:
Tractor batteries are an open cell type. This type of battery allows you to add distilled water to each individual cell. In order to add water to the battery, you may have to remove the battery from the tractor to gain access. Once the individual cells are topped off with water, you can then connect the storage device to a regular battery charger. The overall charging time may exceed 12 hours.
Wear safety glasses whenever servicing any type of battery. Small particles can become airborne during the service operation.
Use either a 7/16-inch or half-inch end wrench to remove the negative (-) battery clamp from the battery terminal post, depending on your battery clamp. Turn the wrench in a counter-clockwise direction. Next, loosen and remove the positive (+) clamp from the battery.
Remove the battery from the tractor. Place the battery on a firm surface in a well-ventilated area.
Unscrew and remove the top battery caps from each individual cell. A 12-volt battery will have six caps, and 6-volt batteries will have three caps. Each cell contains a separate charging plate that can hold a charge of 2 volts. The plates are internally connected to give the final battery voltage.
Add distilled water to each separate cell. The water level should be to the bottom plastic ring in each cell.
Clean the terminal battery posts with the steel brush. The posts should have a shiny metallic color.
Connect the battery charger to the battery in the following order. Attach the black clamp to the negative (-) terminal, then secure the red clamp from the battery charger to the positive (+) post on the battery.
Observe the voltage selector switch on the face of the battery charger. Ensure the switch is in the correct voltage position. A 12-volt battery must be charged by 12 volts. A 6-volt battery must have the voltage switch set to the 6-volt charging state. Plug the charger into the wall outlet.
Remove the battery from the charger once the meter on the face of the battery charger reaches "0 amperes." The battery is now fully charged. Place the battery back in the tractor in the reverse order of what was described in step 2.


Oracle Database 11g: Introduction to SQL
5 Day Course
Hands On
Official Oracle Curriculum
This course has been retired. Please view currently available Oracle 11G Training Courses.
Introduction to SQL (16 topics)
 - Retrieve row and column data from tables with the SELECT statement
 - Create reports of sorted and restricted data
 - Employ SQL functions to generate and retrieve customized data
 - Identify the major structural components of the Oracle Database 11g
 - Create reports of aggregated data
 - Write SELECT statements that include queries
 - Run data manipulation statements (DML) to update data in the Oracle Database 11g
 - Create tables to store data
 - Utilize views to display and retrieve data
 - Control database access to specific objects
 - Manage schema objects
 - Manage objects with data dictionary views
 - Write multiple-column sub-queries
 - Use scalar and correlated sub-queries
 - Use the regular expression support in SQL
Familiarity with data processing concepts and techniques Data processing
Relevant Certifications
Course PDF


Java Desktop System Email and Calendar User Guide
Deleting Messages
When you delete a message, the following events occur:
If you need to retrieve a message from Trash, you can undelete the message. When you undelete a message, the message is restored to the folder from which you deleted the message.
You can expunge a folder to remove permanently from the folder the messages that you deleted.
You can empty your Trash folder to delete the contents of Trash permanently. That is, when you empty Trash, you expunge all your folders.
To Delete a Message
Select the message that you want to delete in the message list, then choose Edit -> Delete.
To Undelete a Message
Select the message that you want to undelete in the Trash folder, then choose Edit -> Undelete.
To Expunge a Folder
To delete permanently the messages from a folder, open the folder, then choose Actions -> Expunge.
To Empty Trash
Choose Actions -> Empty Trash.


text:
Viviane de Beaufort analyzes the current state of gender equality on corporate boards in France.
Non-financial rating highlights how a technique originally conceived for traditional finance can be used to support companies in improving their corporate social responsibility behavior.
For this to occur, we need ways of measuring corporate sustainability: social accounting is one way of doing so.
How can organizations do good (help the environment) while doing well (boosting economic growth)?
How can business schools contribute to making a difference in society?
Why are so little AI use cases in production and where is the generation of tangible value? There seems to be a gap that needs to be filled and MLOps are bringing part of the answer.
"Doing well while doing good" is the new mantra in finance.


Why Two 4GB GPUs Isn't Necessarily 8GB
Why Aren't Two 4GB GPUs Really 8GBs?
Open the expanded article to see the transcript, below.
Crossfire and SLI allow games to load-balance across multiple GPUs. It is basically impossible to do this in OpenGL and DirectX 11 otherwise. Vulkan and DirectX 12 provide game developers with the tools to implement it themselves, but they do not address every limitation. Trade-offs always exist.
In the older APIs, OpenGL and DirectX 11, games and other applications attach geometry buffers, textures, materials, and compute tasks to the API's one, global interface. After, a draw function is called to submit that request to the primary graphics driver. This means that work can only be split from within the driver, and only to the devices that driver controls, which prevents cross-vendor compatibility. Lucidlogix created software and hardware that pretended to be the primary graphics driver, loading GPUs from mismatched vendors behind the scenes. It never took off.
With Vulkan and DirectX 12, rather than binding data and tasks to a global state, applications assemble commands and push them onto lists. Not only does this allow multiple CPU threads to create work independently, but these lists can also point to any GPU. This is how OpenCL and other compute APIs are modeled, but Mantle was the first to extend it to graphics. Developers can load-balance GPUs by managing multiple lists with different destinations. This also means that the developer can control what each GPU stores in its memory, and ignore the data it doesn't need.
That said, even though the game developer has full control over tasks and memory, it doesn't mean that it will be any more efficient than SLI and Crossfire. To load-balance, some algorithm must be chosen that can split work between multiple GPUs, and successfully combine the results. The Alternate Frame Rendering algorithm, or AFR, separates draw calls by the frames they affect. If you have three GPUs, then you can just draw ahead three frames at a time. It's easy to implement, and performance scales very well when you add a nearly-identical card (provided the extra frames add to the experience).
Memory, on the other hand, does not scale well. Neighboring frames will likely draw the exact same list of objects, just with slightly adjusted data, such as camera and object positions. As a result, each GPU will need their own copy of this data in their individual memory pools. If you have two, four-gigabyte cards, they will each store roughly the same four gigabytes of data. This is a characteristic of the algorithm itself, not just the limited information that Crossfire and SLI needed to deal with on OpenGL and DirectX 11.
Other algorithms exist, however. For comparison, imagine a fighting game or a side-scroller. In these titles, objects are often separated into layers by depth, such as the background and the play area. If these layers are rendered by different GPUs into separate images, they could be combined later with transparency or z-sorting. In terms of memory, each GPU would only need to store its fraction of the scene's objects (and a few other things, like the layer it draws). A second benefit is that work does not need to split evenly between the processors. Non-identical pairings, such as an integrated GPU with a discrete GPU, or an old GPU with a new GPU, could also work together, unlike AFR. I say could, because the difference in performance would need to be known before the tasks are split. To compensate, the engine could vary each layer's resolution, complexity, quality settings, and even refresh rate, depending on what the user can notice. This would be similar to what RAGE did to maintain 60 FPS, and it would likely be a QA disaster outside of special cases. Who wouldn't want to dedicate a Titan graphics card to drawing Street Fighter characters, though?
Then again, video memory is large these days. It might be better, for quality and/or performance, to waste RAM in exchange for other benefits. AFR is very balanced for multiple, identical GPUs, and it's easy to implement; unfortunately, it could also introduce latency and stutter, and it is inefficient with video memory. Layer-based methods, on the other hand, are complicated to implement, especially for objects that mutually overlap, but it allows for more control in how tasks and memory are divided. VR and stereoscopic 3D could benefit from another algorithm, where two similar GPUs render separate eyes. Like AFR, this is inefficient with memory, because both eyes will see roughly the same things, but it will load-balance almost perfectly for two identical GPUs. Unlike AFR, it doesn't introduce latency or stutter, but it is useless outside of the two nearly-identical GPUs. Other GPUs will either idle, or be used for something else in the system, like physics or post-processing.
In any case, the developer knows what their game needs to render. They can now choose the best algorithm for themselves.