The Bellwin Scheme for Emergency Financial Assistance to Local Authorities
1. What is the Bellwin Scheme?
The Bellwin Scheme operates under Section 155(2) of the Local Government and Housing Act 1989 and allows Scottish Ministers to make additional revenue support to local authorities to assist with the immediate, and unforeseen costs in dealing with the aftermath of emergency incidents.
It is a discretionary scheme, which exists to give special financial assistance to local authorities who would otherwise be faced with an undue financial burden as a result of providing relief and carrying out immediate work due to large-scale emergencies. Local authorities are expected to include a small amount within their annual budget to deal with unforeseen emergencies. There is no automatic entitlement to assistance. flooding image
2. How does the Bellwin Scheme operate?
When it becomes obvious that there is an emergency which is creating immediate demands on local government, the Scottish Executive Ministers will decide whether the Scheme should be triggered. Once the Scheme has been triggered, affected authorities are invited to submit claims. The Scheme may be activated to meet the additional expense for authorities in providing immediate relief, in safeguarding life and property in affected communities and in keeping key communications open in the immediate aftermath of an emergency. Its purpose is not to put right all the ill effects of an incident. Applications for assistance must demonstrate undue financial burdens on authorities.
3. What costs are eligible for assistance?
The Scheme addresses revenue costs only and eligible costs are subject to a threshold which is set individually for each local authority and takes account of an assumed amount contained within each local authority's budget. Payment of a grant is made in full in respect of total eligible expenditure, after deduction of the threshold.
Costs which are considered to be insurable are not considered eligible under the Scheme but an element for insurance excess is considered eligible.
4. When was the Bellwin scheme last reviewed?
A review of the Bellwin Scheme was undertaken in 2005. A summary of the responses that were received and the Executive response to the consultation exercise can be found by following the links below.
Scottish Executive response to Bellwin consultation exercise
Summary of Bellwin consultation responses
You can also review the press release announcing the proposed changes to the Bellwin Scheme
5. Where can I find the updated documents?
The link to the full revised guidance note which contains the relevant updated information for making a claim and the claim forms, and the current Bellwin Thresholds.


text:
The Healer's Art Program is a national program offered by the Remen Institute for the Study of Health and Illness (RISHI) that enables medical students to learn how to provide compassionate care and build resilience through reflection, discussions, and story-telling. Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine (WSU-BSOM) administers the program.
The Remen Insitute for the Study of Health and Illness at Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
- A diversity of studies have shown that medical students suffer from high levels burnout, which often contributes to a perceived lack of empathy and decreased professionalism.
- To prevent burnout, Rachel Naomi Remen, MD originated the course in 1991 while at the University of California San Francisco.
- She designed the course to aid students to build resiliency and reflect on the importance of compassionate care at a time when physicians were experiencing a loss of meaning and commitment to their work.
- Healer's Art is one of several projects coordinated by RISHI and is usually implemented at 70-80 medical schools.
- This program utilizes a reflection-based and story-telling curriculum to optimize medical student education surrounding compassionate care.
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine (WSU-BSOM), like many medical schools, is aware that students and practicing physicians experience burnout and professional dissatisfaction.
- By offering the Healer's Art Program to its firstand second-year students, WSU-BSOM hopes to preempt dissatisfaction.
- WSU-BSOM houses RISHI and offers the course to domestic and international medical schools by training faculty on how to implement this program at their medical school.
Patient Population Served and Payor Information
- At WSU-BSOM, the class includes 480 total students with a male/female ratio of 45.4%/54.6%. Underrepresented minorities also make up 20.4% of total enrollment.
- Medical students that participate in Healer's Art Program at other medical schools represent the diversity of their medical schools.
- Students at osteopathic, physician assistant, physical therapy and veterinary programs can also receive this curriculum.
- The curriculum is now administered at the Boonshoft School of Medicine and overseen by the Department of Medical Education.
- Course Co-Directors at WSU-BSOM include Dr. Dean Parmelee, Dr. Evangeline Andarsio, Dr. S. Bruce Binder, Dr. John Donnelly.
- Academic medical school funding
Research + Planning
- The support of a dean or associate dean is necessary to introduce the Healer's Art Course into a medical school's firstor second-year curriculum.
- After gaining support, faculty then need to attend an intensive training at RISHI to learn how to deliver the course.
- To ensure that the course meets its objectives, the Center for the Study of the Healer's Art (CSHA) conducts ongoing evaluations using faculty and student feedback.
Tools or Products Developed
- The Healer's Art curriculum: This curriculum was initially developed in 1991 and served as the basis of the course at WSU-BSOM.
- The 15-hour course teaches:
- Relationship forming between the physician and patient and between physicians and colleagues
- Academic and community faculty members must attend a training workshop at RISHI to learn how to implement and sustain the Healer's Art Program at their own institution.
Team Members Involved
- The participating students at Boonshoft School of Medicine have the option to take the course, although it does not confer any academic credits.
- The course is structured as 3-hours sessions that meets bi-weekly :
- Session One: "Discovering and Nurturing Your Wholeness"
- Session Two: "Sharing Grief and Honoring Loss"
- Session Three: "Group Conversation"
- Session Four: "Beyond Analysis: Allowing Awe in Medicine"
- Session Five: "The Care of the Soul: Service as a Way of Life"
- Students engage in topics regarding the loss of life, comforting patients, and personal-reflection through discussions and meditation. Each session reinforces previous sessions.
- Upon completion, students receive a comprehensive letter from the course directors that is incorporated into their final Medical Student Performance Evaluation.
- Cost of membership and licensing fee to offer this copyrighted course
- Cost of course materials
- Cost of labor for educators running the sessions
- Cost of faculty training at RISHI
Where We Are
The Healer's Art was incorporated into the Boonshoft School of Medicine curriculum in 2004, and the program is ongoing.
- An evaluation of the Healer's Art program that had 489 student and 88 faculty respondents found:
- students (65.7%) and faculty (75.0%) use content from the course in their profession
- students found the course to be of high quality (average 4.47 on a 5-point scale)
- students (average 4.59 on a 5-point scale) and faculty (4.76 on a 5-point scale) perceived that the course provided content that is not present in the rest of the curriculum
- The Healer's Art has provided space and multiple outlets for students to reflect on compassionate care and self-resiliency.
- The course is now taught at more than 70 medical schools in the US and abroad.
- Brazeau, C. M., Schroeder, R., Rovi, S., & Boyd, L. (2010). Relationships between medical student burnout, empathy, and professionalism climate. Academic Medicine, 85(10), S33-S36.
- Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., Harper, W., Massie Jr, F. S., Power, D. V., Eacker, A., … & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009). The learning environment and medical student burnout: a multicentre study. Medical education, 43(3), 274-282.
- Remen RN, Rabow MW. The Healer's Art: professionalism, service and mission. Med Educ. 2005;39(11):1167–1168. doi:10.1111/j._PHONE_.2005.02296.x
- WSU-BSOM. (2019, November 14). Facts at a glance. Retrieved from _URL_
- WSU-BSOM. (2019, July 24). Healer's art course. Retrieved from _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Popular Feeding Method Studied
OU Media Release
Popular Feeding Method Studied
Otago study highlights how little is known about baby weaning method
Warning about raw apple
Tuesday 27 November 2012
Starting babies on solids by letting them feed themselves pieces of food is a growing trend – yet there is scarce scientific research about the practice, putting healthcare professionals in a difficult position when giving advice, new University of Otago research suggests.
University of Otago Human Nutrition PhD student Sonya Cameron's study, published today in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open, interviewed a group of 20 Dunedin mothers who had followed what is known as Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) from when their babies were about six months. She also interviewed 31 health professionals involved in infant care.
She found that mothers seemed to be confidently following guidelines they had gleaned themselves either through others, literature or the internet, and that many felt intuitively that it was the best way to feed their baby. The mothers believed the advantages of introducing solid food through BLW included healthier eating behaviours and that it was a "less stressful" way to introduce solid foods.
Typically, the practice of BLW involves the infant picking up and feeding themselves pieces of soft fruit, vegetables and possibly meat, rather than the adult spoon-feeding them food that has been puréed or mashed. Ms Cameron says the practice is increasingly popular, and she had no difficulty in finding mothers practising this method of feeding in Dunedin.
However, she found that among healthcare professionals with whom mothers would typically discuss feeding issues, there was scarce information about the practice. Some health professionals also had concerns about whether it might cause problems with choking or low nutrient intakes.
"Baby-led weaning appeared to be working for these women and babies, and they felt there were distinct advantages. Health professionals also felt the practice might have advantages, such as better eating patterns, but at the same time were hesitant to recommend it largely due to the fear that babies might choke on pieces of food," she says.
While several mothers interviewed reported that their child had experienced a choking episode, none of these were serious incidents requiring intervention from parents, and it is not clear whether the infants were actually choking or gagging. Gagging is a common response when infants begin to eat any type of solid food.
"However, a number of foods that infants can pick up are definitely not suitable for them to eat. Most of the mothers in our study who reported a choking episode said it was due to raw apple.
"We would strongly recommend that hard foods like raw apple not be offered as part of Baby-Led Weaning, or any other form of infant feeding," Ms Cameron says.
The University of Otago Departments of Human Nutrition and Medicine plan further research to study a modified form of BLW using a randomised controlled trial, and are currently recruiting 300 Dunedin mothers and babies for the study.
Co-author on Ms Cameron's study, Dr Anne-Louise Heath, says this New Zealand research will address the scarcity of information worldwide on the best way to practice Baby-Led Weaning.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Optimizing for long-term cost management in fully managed applications
A couple of weeks ago, we discussed a bunch of practical steps you can take to keep costs in check for applications running on Google Cloud's fully managed serverless compute platforms, App Engine, Cloud Run and Cloud Functions. But beyond the immediate actions like setting max instances and budget alerts, there are several general optimizations you can make to increase the overall efficiency of your fully managed serverless applications. As a result, you can reduce your overall bill: optimizing your CPU and RAM usage, improving cold-start times, and implementing local caching. Read on for more.
Optimize CPU and RAM
CPU usage is typically the most significant contributor to the number of instances required by your application. The higher the CPU consumed by a request, the more instances you need and the higher your bill. Additionally, in runtimes that use garbage collection excessive RAM (heap) usage can lead to excessive garbage collection, which can also consume large amounts of CPU.
Another important aspect of CPU usage is "CPU stranding." This happens when a given instance is unable to process any more requests due to being overloaded with too many requests (possibly as a result of a low concurrency setting), causing more instances to be created while CPU resources are underutilized. It can also happen as a result of I/O bottlenecks, causing back pressure on requests. CPU stranding is usually characterized by low overall CPU utilization, and there are a few techniques you can use to mitigate this issue:
 1. Increase concurrency if it has been manually set. By default, fully managed services in GCP will try to optimize concurrency, however if you've set it to a low number you may want to review that setting to see if it's still optimal. At this time Cloud Functions does not provide a multi-concurrency mode, so if the other techniques listed here are not sufficient, you could consider moving low CPU utilization functions to Cloud Run. To help with this, we recently published a range of open source frameworks and buildpacks to build and deploy functions on Cloud Run.
 2. Offload slow I/O operations. In some cases it may be possible to process slower I/O operations asynchronously using a queue system like Pub/Sub or Cloud Tasks. This can improve the overall throughput of your service, with a trade-off of higher overall latency of these asynchronous tasks. A good example of this is sending an email. It may not be necessary to block execution of a request on sending an email if that operation is slow; instead, you may process sending the email asynchronously with a slight delay.
 3. Avoid slow I/O operations. As discussed below, implementing caching can also remove slow I/O operations from the critical path of a request.
 4. Improve I/O operation performance. Sometimes it may not be obvious that a slow I/O operation is contributing to low CPU utilization, so adding instrumentation around these I/O calls using custom metrics can provide further insight.
Optimize cold starts
A "cold start" occurs when a request to your application cannot be served by an existing instance and a new instance must be created. This happens if there are zero instances of your service (known as 0-to-1 scaling) but also during traffic spikes where more instances are needed to serve the load (known as 1-to-N scaling).
Reducing the overall time spent on a cold start not only reduces the cost associated with the cold start itself, but can also reduce the overall number of cold starts you need to perform. That's because new instances become viable more quickly, so you need fewer instances overall, particularly during periods of rapid increases in traffic. The first step to improving cold-start time is to observe cold-start times when running locally (in your development environment). Although the absolute times may not be identical, the portion of overall runtime startup that your code consumes (as distinct from the language runtime itself) is a good indicator of cold-start overhead.
Here are some common cold-start pitfalls when designing an application for a serverless environment.
Excessive CPU usage, or slow operations at startup
Any code that executes in "global scope" (i.e., when the runtime is loaded) affects the cold-start time. If you have any CPU-intensive or long-running tasks in global scope when the application starts up (for example heavyweight calculations related to loading global state, or loading state from a slow database), this can negatively impact your overall app performance and cost. There are a few strategies that can be taken to mitigate this:
 - Where possible, reduce overall CPU-intensive and/or slow tasks that occur in global scope (not always possible).
 - Try to break up the task into smaller operations that can then be "lazy loaded" in the context of a request.
Note that when code is executing in global scope, it will often delay overall instance startup. Even for operations which are I/O bound, where the CPU is largely idle, the instance will not report as being "available" until this operation is complete. This means it will not be able to handle any requests, even if it is configured for concurrency. When there are spikes in traffic, this can lead to a larger than necessary number of new instances being created.
 // This is in "global scope" and will execute for every cold start
exports.helloHeavyWorld = (data, context) => {
 if(data.something === true) {
 // This might be the only place you need "heavy things"
 // but also may happen infrequently
 // consider initializeHeavyThings() here instead
 console.log('I need heavy things :(');
 } else {
 console.log('I don't need heavy things :)');
Process crashes like out-of-memory errors
An unexpected failure in your application that causes the whole runtime (the root process) to exit abnormally (crash) typically results in a companion cold-start, replacing the failed instance with a new one. While automatically recreating instances improves the overall reliability of your application, it can also obscure the failures themselves (you may not realize instances are crashing). This can often surface as intermittent or unexpected spikes in latency. We recommend you monitor Cloud Logging for messages related to process crashes and configure alerts for logs that indicate a crash. You can do this by creating logs-based metrics, then using Cloud Monitoring to create alerts based on those metrics.
Excessive or unused dependencies
While it's idiomatic for many languages to declare library dependencies in global scope (e.g. require or import statements in Node.js), this can sometimes have an adverse impact on cold-start times. In particular, library dependencies in interpreted languages, or loading native libraries, can both consume large amounts of CPU and may also cause large numbers of file system operations—both of which can negatively impact startup performance.
Check that the dependencies you're loading are all being used. Then, if it's appropriate, move specific dependency initialization into "request scope" (that is, loaded during a request rather than at startup) for relevant code paths rather than loading the dependencies globally for all paths. Heavyweight dependencies that are referenced rarely affect all cold starts, even if the dependency is only used in a small subset of requests.
Implement local caching
Implementing basic local caching for certain pieces of data can produce dramatic improvements in cost and performance. Even high-speed solutions like Memcache and Redis can introduce substantial overhead if accessed frequently. In these cases, keeping a local in-memory copy (perhaps with a simple time-to-live expiry policy) of frequently generated or loaded data can sometimes deliver impressive improvements.
To find good candidates for local caching, you generally want to investigate situations where the same operation happens frequently. Pieces of data with the following characteristics are commonly associated with a caching opportunity:
 - Frequently loaded from an external system or database
 - Rarely or never change
 - Don't need to be up-to-the-second
 - Idempotent outbound operations that are frequently repeated (e.g., updates to a single database entry)
Here are some examples of operations that can be cached:
 - Fetching image URLs that go on every page of a web app
 - Game leaderboards where 10s delay is acceptable
 - Computing the average score of a set of players on each page load
 - Computing the average price of all the items in inventory at a grocery store
 - A fleet of workers generates batch entries and a (duplicate) Cloud Task task to signal launching the batch; caching the task name can cut down on the number of duplicate requests sent.
Measuring the effectiveness of your changes
It may be difficult to know whether a change you've made results in an overall improvement, or whether it made things worse. Google Cloud's serverless products are instrumented out of the box with Cloud Monitoring, allowing you to evaluate the impact of your changes. Additionally, custom Cloud Monitoring metrics can provide deeper insight into the behavior of your application.
You may not always want to roll out a change to all your users before knowing if it will have an overall improvement. To make rollouts more reliable, we recommend splitting incoming traffic between a control and an experiment group. In Cloud Run, deploy your changes to a new revision (your experiment) and use traffic management to send a portion (e.g. 50%) of the traffic to it, and keep the remainder of the traffic to the control group. Then monitor these two revisions in Cloud Monitoring's metrics explorer to determine if your change has a real positive impact. Once you confirm that the change improves things without an adverse impact on other measures, you can migrate 100% of the traffic to the revision that contains your change. You can also do a similar traffic split between App Engine versions.
To give an example, consider the case of an in-game leaderboard. As a user-facing feature, delays in updating the leaderboard on the order of a minute are acceptable.


Product-centric funding
How to configure the software development funding process to incentivize measurable product outcomes
Download white paper
Use product metrics to justify investment
The correct set of metrics, as well as aligning the product team on the right outcomes, is critical. It's best to use product metrics to justify spend, terminate projects, or accelerate delivery to meet market opportunities. Furthermore, outcomes are influenced by backlog priorities. Product metrics are even more crucial for the team to align with a clear understanding of what to build first.
Many customer-centric design philosophies often omit the needs of the business; after all, priorities need to be balanced for the customer to succeed and the business to make money. Aligning customer-centric and business priorities is an essential step in establishing product metrics. Failure to align on these priorities results in products that appear to perform well through metrics, but often suffer negative consequences long term, such as, customer attrition.
Misaligned objectives
A great example is, a service that helps consumers save money through virtual coupons. Efficiencies are reached due to volume, and in theory, the platform allows the business to attract and retain a large number of new customers quickly. In theory, the influx of new customers makes up for the lost profits from offering products/services at a discounted rate.
Due to the popularity and viral nature of the platform, however, Groupon attracts (and partially created) a new type of bargain hunter. This new type of consumer does not demonstrate brand loyalty, and so participating businesses struggle to demonstrate ROI. While has evolved and adjusted its business practices, this is an excellent example of how keeping an eye on both customer success as well as the business objectives become critically important for long term growth.
Targeted outcomes and metrics
Product teams should establish outcomes that are specific, measurable, and achievable. Capturing 50% of total market share may be specific, but highly unlikely and thus not a great target outcome.
Targeting three to five outcomes is reasonable. Having a smaller set of outcomes allows the team to recall the target and recalibrate if necessary, quickly. Once the product goes through various releases, outcomes can adjust and evolve.
Example outcomes for Tier 1 bank
A lending group at the bank identifies outcomes for the rebuild of their legacy loan processing application. They include:
 1. Speed. The average time the customer application takes to cash disbursement reduces from three weeks to five business days. This could be achieved through automated decisioning, improved collaboration, and simplified workflows.
 2. Automation. 90% of the applications are approved or rejected using an automated decisioning engine based on historical evidence and data provided by underwriters.
 3. Self-service. The product allows actuaries to design, build, and test new risk models within the platform. Since the legacy platform handles risk models as code in the application, this is a simple one to measure and achieve.
The power of quantitative and qualitative data
Product metrics combine quantitative and qualitative data to inform the product team throughout delivery. Quantitative data typically originates from a product analytics tool such as MixPanel, Adobe Analytics, or Google Analytics. Having quantifiable data helps the product team establish a baseline, monitor for trends, and inform the future roadmap. Leveraging the earlier case study as a reference, the healthcare provider uses quantitative data on a per-sprint basis to evaluate the adoption of the product.
 - Activity: percentage of operators that have logged into the platform
 - Activity: percentage of total users logged in
 - Activity: total downloads, downloads per week, delta
 - Adoption: number of messages exchanged through the platform, delta per week
 - Adoption: unique logins per week
 - ROI: open shifts created in the platform per week
 - ROI: shifts filled through the platform
These examples are just a subset of all variables monitored through time.
Qualitative metrics, on the other hand, provide the means for a dialogue with end-users and customers. Capture these metrics automatically through surveys, star ratings, reviews, feedback boxes, user interviews, or job shadowing. Acknowledging that all feedback is biased, reference multiple data sources, and critically evaluate the information to inform the product roadmap. Data gathered through more extensive usability studies trumps a vocal minority.
Bringing this all full circle, outcomes, and ROI from a product can only be recognized when the software is live and in front of users. This idea is the cornerstone of all agile methodologies, funding techniques, and organizational structures. The longer the product is stuck in development, the higher the risk, the less aligned it is to real market needs.
Continue to:Pinpoint priorities for investment


history. For now, I'm just concerned with listing them.
Well for starters, for the flagellum your reliance on Mike Gene has left you a bit out of date:
Biochemistry 2001 Oct 30;40(43):13041-50
Conformational change in the stator of the bacterial flagellar motor.
Kojima S, Blair DF.
Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
MotA and MotB are integral membrane proteins of Escherichia coli that form the stator of the proton-fueled flagellar rotary motor. The motor contains several MotA/MotB complexes, which function independently to conduct protons across the cytoplasmic membrane and couple proton flow to rotation. MotB contains a conserved aspartic acid residue, Asp32, that is critical for rotation. We have proposed that the protons energizing the motor interact with Asp32 of MotB to induce conformational changes in the stator that drive movement of the rotor. To test for conformational changes, we examined the protease susceptibility of MotA in membrane-bound complexes with either wild-type MotB or MotB mutated at residue 32. Small, uncharged replacements of Asp32 in MotB (D32N, D32A, D32G, D32S, or D32C) caused a significant change in the conformation of MotA, as evidenced by a change in the pattern of proteolytic fragments. The conformational change does not require any flagellar proteins besides MotA and MotB, as it was still seen in a strain that expresses no other flagellar genes. It affects a cytoplasmic domain of MotA that contains residues known to interact with the rotor, consistent with a role in the generation of torque. Influences of key residues of MotA on conformation were also examined. Pro173 of MotA, known to be important for rotation, is a significant determinant of conformation: Dominant Pro173 mutations, but not recessive ones, altered the proteolysis pattern of MotA and also prevented the conformational change induced by Asp32 replacements. Arg90 and Glu98, residues of MotA that engage in electrostatic interactions with the rotor, appear not to be strong determinants of conformation of the MotA/MotB complex in membranes. We note sequence similarity between MotA and ExbB, a cytoplasmic-membrane protein that energizes outer-membrane transport in Gram-negative bacteria. ExbB and associated proteins might also employ a mechanism involving proton-driven conformational change.
The occurrence of significant conformational change in the stator has implications not only for the present-day mechanism but also for the evolution of the flagellar motor. A membrane complex that undergoes proton-driven conformational changes could perform useful work in contexts other than (and simpler than) the flagellar motor, and ancestral forms of the MotA/MotB complex might have arisen independently of any part of the rotor. We queried the sequence database using the sequence of the best-conserved part of MotA (the segment containing membrane segments 3 and 4) from Aquifex aeolicus, a species whose lineage is deeply branched from other bacteria. In addition to the expected MotA homologues, the search returned a protein sequence from the archaeal species Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (protein MTH1022) that shows significant sequence similarity not only to MotA but also to the protein ExbB (Figure 9). ExbB is a cytoplasmic-membrane protein that functions in conjunction with ExbD, TonB, and outer-membrane receptors to drive active transport of certain essential nutrients across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The energy for this transport comes from the proton gradient across the inner membrane. Thus, MotA and ExbB are both components of systems that tap the proton gradient to do work some distance away (at either the rotor-stator interface or the outer membrane; Figure 9).
Other features also point to a connection between the Mot and Exb systems. MotA functions in a complex with MotB, which as noted contains the critical residue Asp32 near the cytoplasmic end of its single membrane segment. ExbB functions in a complex with ExbD, which likewise has a single membrane segment with a critical Asp residue near its cytoplasmic end (Asp25 in ExbD of E. coli; ref 59). Although ExbB has only three membrane segments in contrast to the four in MotA, the membrane segments that show sequence similarity have the same topology. The protein TonB is also present in the complex with ExbB and ExbD (59, 60) and would provide an additional membrane segment to round out the topological correspondence (Figure 9). ExbB contains a well-conserved Pro residue (Pro141 in E. coli ExbB) that is the counterpart of Pro173 of MotA. Although MotB and ExbD do not share close sequence similarity apart from the critical Asp residue, in certain positions in the membrane segment the residues most common in MotB proteins are also common in ExbD proteins. Finally, like the MotA/MotB complex the ExbB/ExbD complex contains multiple copies of each protein (61). Together, these facts make a reasonable case for an evolutionary connection between the Mot proteins of the flagellar motor and the Exb proteins of outer-membrane transport (and by extension the TolQ/TolR proteins, which are related to ExbB/ExbD but whose functions are less understood).
The number of parts in a flagellum that don't have homologs with different, non-flagellar functions is getting to be rather low; mostly they are filament and shaft proteins, which all may be homologous with each other, and of course nonmotile filaments are known to have a wide degree of uses in bacteria...
So even for systems that are remote from us by 3 billion years there has been some recent progress.
What I'd really be interested in, Nelson, is your opinion on the vertebrate immune system. IC or not? Evolved or not? Behe says IC, and intelligently designed.
Posts: 319
Joined: May 2002
(Permalink) Posted: Feb. 24 2003,20:27
The creos have taken up Behe's banner on this one.
Mostly good for the pics, and a JBS Haldane quote that I would like to follow up:
Design in Living Organisms: Motors
by Jonathan Sarfati
Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal 12(1):3–5, 1998
Would any evidence convince evolutionists?
The famous British evolutionist (and communist) J.B.S. Haldane claimed in 1949 that evolution could never produce 'various mechanisms, such as the wheel and magnet, which would be useless till fairly perfect.'10 Therefore such machines in organisms would, in his opinion, prove evolution false. These molecular motors have indeed fulfilled one of Haldane's criteria. Also, turtles11 and monarch butterflies12 which use magnetic sensors for navigation fulfil Haldane's other criterion. I wonder whether Haldane would have had a change of heart if he had been alive to see these discoveries. Many evolutionists rule out intelligent design a priori, so the evidence, overwhelming as it is, would probably have no effect.
10. Dewar, D., Davies, L.M. and Haldane, J.B.S., 1949. Is Evolution a Myth? A Debate between D. Dewar and L.M. Davies vs. J.B.S. Haldane, Watts & Co. Ltd / Paternoster Press, London, p. 90.
Posts: 319
Joined: May 2002
(Permalink) Posted: Mar. 15 2003,01:37
But none of what you wrote (or linked to) contradicts what I said above. There is no evidence of a pre-PPi synthase, and no evidence that the ATP synthesis molecular machine can be reduced to one component. The synthesis of ATP is a lot more than just inorganic phosphate.
IIRC the ATPase doesn't synthesize the entirety of ATP, it just adds or removes energized phosphates -- Adenosine Triphophsate toe Diphosphate and back.
Rather like what the remarkably simple, 1-component (dimer) PPase does with phosphates:
Hmm, might not be working, look here:
...and both are coupled to H+ gradients, and use the same basic fold, what a coincidence! It just looks like all of that rotating complexity may be useful and efficiency-increasing add-on rather than an absolutely necessary part of primitive cellular energetics.
Since the synthesis of diphosphate can be reduced to one subunit, I would say that it is simpler than ATP synthesis, but I wonder if a prediction not unlike the TTSS can be formed, in that it came after or evolved from ATP synthase rather than to it.
You are entitled to your prediction. Regarding TTSS, I am holding out for:
1) TTSS with nonvirulence, nonflagellar functions, and
2) Basal homologs of the TTSS.
These are predictions that only further data can resolve, however. In general, you'll forgive me for sticking with Baltscheffsky until some IDist (1) acknowledges his existence and (2


text:
Do you need a Richmond Criminal Lawyer?
If you are facing criminal charges, you need the representation of an experienced Richmond Criminal Lawyer to advocate on your behalf. The attorneys at The Gee Law Firm understand the emotional stressful state you are in when charged with a criminal offense. Our firm handles all misdemeanor and felonies at the state level and have the resources and knowledge to help you build the strongest possible defense. If you have been charged with a criminal offense, don't do delay contacting our office.
We have an extensive understanding of the criminal justice system and handle a myriad of cases such as:
- Drug crimes
- Assault & Battery
- Theft crimes
- Property offenses
- Traffic offenses
- Weapons crimes
- Larceny offenses
We value police officer's dedication to protect and serve their communities. However, sometimes there are scenarios where police officers abuse their power when carrying out their duties. There are several different ways police misconduct can occur, and it's important to know your rights as a citizen. Laws are in place to protect citizens from abuses of power, including police misconduct.
Dealing with police can be unsettling regardless of the situation. While it would be ideal that police misconduct wouldn't be an issue, unfortunately in the United States right now, there continue to be cases calling for concern.
Police misconduct can occur in different types of situations. The most common cases usually involve:
- False arrest: A person believes that their 4th amendment right was violated
- Malicious Prosecution: A person believes their 14th Amendment was violated
- Excessive Force: A person feels that they were unnessarily physically harmed
- Failure to Intervene: A officer fails to protect a citizen from another officer that may be violating someone's constitutional rights
Less common cases involve:
- Coerced false confessions
- Falsification of evidence
- Spoliation of evidence
- Police perjury
- Witness tampering
In any of these have occurred, it is important to talk to a Richmond criminal lawyer that understands your situation and your rights.
If you or a loved one are facing criminal charges, contact The Gee Law Firm today. The sooner you start working with us, the sooner we can begin analyzing the details surrounding your charge. Because your future is on the line, it is imperative that we gather all of the evidence, thoroughly research the law regarding your case, and diligently collect all of the facts.


text:
Introduction This story is written to encourage and inspire all of our young
Christianreaders. It is a story about the true power of the universe, our Creator (Elohim) God, the Creator of all things, and his Son, our savior Jesus Christ. Through reading this story, our young people are given the choice to choose a hero with supernatural powers. Whenever they see the symbol ╬ followed by a number in this story, they should be encouraged to look up the story related to Jeremya's powers in the King James Version of their Bible. They can find the chapters and verses for the related stories listed under "Where to Find it in the King James Version of your Bible" at the back of this book. Sunday school teachers are also invited to plan lessons around each chapter of Jeremya Jones. The world has many heroes to choose from. It's time for our youth to be introduced to the most influential human being alive since Jesus walked the earth: and his name is Jeremya Jones!
Shelfari edited the description of Jeremya Jones A King's Kid Wednesday, October 19, 2011.


text:
AimThe aim of this special session is to provide a forum for recent research in the application of computational intelligence in the areas of ecological informatics, ecological modelling and environmental modelling.
Ecological informatics and the related field of ecological modelling involve constructing computational models of ecological systems. These models include such things as the distribution or abundance of particular species, models of the interaction between multiple species, and models of the future development of populations. Environmental modelling is closely related and involves constructing models of the physical environment that biological eco-systems inhabit. These models cover such topics as the climate and climate change and the detection of landscape features from geographical data. Models have also been constructed of such environmental topics as waste management systems, water quality and drainage systems and air pollution. As these are highly-complex systems, algorithms from the field of computational intelligence have already been widely applied to modelling this data. Previous work has successfully applied artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary algorithms, support vector machines and combinations of these including neuro-fuzzy and neuro-evolutionary approaches. In each case, computational intelligence methods were shown to be more effective at solving the problem than the alternative methods.
ScopeTopics relevant to this special session include, but are not limited to, the following applications of computational intelligence, including Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Algorithms:
- Species distribution and ecological niche modelling
- Predicting species abundance
- Remote sensing image analysis and content-based image retrieval for Ecological Informatics and Environmental Modelling
- Analysis of species assemblages
- Issues in the preparation of ecological data for modelling
- Modelling of pollutants in air, land or water
- Modelling water quality
- Predicting the effects of climate change
- Predicting crop hazards, pests or diseases
- Identifying landscape features
- Modelling ecosystem biomass
DeadlineThe deadline for submissions to this special session is 20 January 2014.
Information for Authors1) Information on the format and templates for papers can be found here:
2) Papers should be submitted via the IJCNN 2014 paper submission site:
Select the Special Session name in the Main Research topic dropdown list
4) Fill out the input fields, upload the PDF file of your paper and finalize your submission by the deadline of December 20, 2013
Organisers• Dr Michael J Watts, AIS St Helens, Auckland, New Zealand. _EMAIL_
- Associate Professor Russel Pears, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, _EMAIL_
- Professor Jie Yang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, _EMAIL_


text:
The White House is keeping busy. In two separate efforts the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is reviewing geospatial technology initiatives in earth observation systems and in disaster response and recovery.
On July 18th, the OSTP released a report on the National Plan for Civil Earth Observations with the express purpose, according to the report, to "maximize the value of observations collected by Federal agencies of the Earth's land surfaces, oceans, and atmosphere. The Plan is a blueprint for future Federal investments in and strategic partnerships to advance Earth observing systems that help protect life and property, stimulate economic growth, maintain homeland security, and advance scientific research and public understanding." The plan was based on input from various sources called for last November. The plan identifies specific prior ties including but not limited to:
- Continuity of sustained observations for public services
- Continuity of sustained observations for Earth-system research
- Continued investment in experimental observations
Subsequent to these priorities are specific actions that include:
- Coordinate and integrate observations
- Improve data access, management, and interoperability
- Increase efficiency and cost savings
And today at the White House, the OSTP is reviewing demonstrations and apps from public and private organizations for mitigating the challenges brought about by natural disaster response and recovery. Today is "White House Innovation for Disaster Response and Recovery Initiative Demo Day" whereby several private companies and public agencies are demonstrating technology that will hopefully cut the "red tape" of getting data and information to first responders and officials that need better access to geospatial technology. For example, the NGA is demonstrating GeoQ, an open source platform that was released to GitHub in March. The NGA is working with the non-profit GEO Huntsville on a pilot project called "Blueprint for Safety" (at the 1:12 mark of the video below) that supports geospatial data sharing and tasking for first responders.
The entire demonstration was broadcast live and can be found at YouTube:
These activities come on the heels of another White House report on "big data and privacy" that called attention to how geospatial information is used and its potential impact to privacy especially from data collected by social media.


text:
The history of the Depression era in Buffalo and Western New York will gain a little more attention – and likely become more accessible to the public – thanks to a new leadership grant awarded to the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library system.
The grant, just under $320,000, was made by the Institute of Museum & Library Services, which awards leadership grants nationally. The federal agency also awarded grants to 51 other museums and libraries across the country, library officials said.
The funding directed to Buffalo is intended as a two-year grant, library officials said, to fund an ongoing project known as "The Public Library as Digitized Commons – A Demonstration Project." The project got started in 2009.
The goal of the project is to create a first-ever catalog of resources related to Buffalo's history from the 1920s and 1930s, according to library officials.
An aim of the project is to make the region's Depression-era history accessible and searchable for the public, and to connect the public with this history in new ways.
"This project will generate deeper collaborations, new types of access to library and regional resources, and new ways to share the stories of our local heritage," Library Director Mary Jean Jakubowski said in a statement.
The Institute for Museum & Library Services is a source of federal support for 123,000 libraries and 17,500 museums across the country.


Subject: CVS commit: basesrc/etc
To: None <>
From: Luke Mewburn <>
List: source-changes
Date: 03/21/2002 14:21:00
Module Name: basesrc
Committed By: lukem
Date: Thu Mar 21 12:21:00 UTC 2002
Modified Files:
 basesrc/etc: rc.subr
Log Message:
- Add run_rc_command() control variable $command_interpreter
 If set, the first line of $command is read, the leading #! is
 removed, whitespace is normalised, the first word is checked
 against $command_interpreter, and the result is used as the
 string to match in the ps(1) output.
 This code isn't infallable, but works for common cases such as
 #! /usr/pkg/bin/perl -w
 This helps solve the problem described in [bin/15563], and by
 Ed Ravin on tech-userlevel.
- Move the common elements of check_process() and check_pidfile() into
 _find_processes(), and call appropriately.
To generate a diff of this commit:
cvs rdiff -r1.44 -r1.45 basesrc/etc/rc.subr
copyright notices on the relevant files.


text:
Can My Pet Fish Get Me Or My Kids Sick?
Pet fish, both salt water and fresh water varieties, can get you sick from a strain of bacteria related to human tuberculosis. Although infection from this bacteria is rare, certain precautions should be taken when cleaning and dealing with aquarium water, fish and products contaminated with aquarium water. This disease is very dangerous for those with a weakened immune system.
The layman term for this fairly rare fish tank disease is Fish Tank Granuloma. The scientific name for this bacteria is mycobacterium marinum. If you think that you or your child has been exposed to or is suffering from this disease, your smart move is to consult your physician who can help pinpoint the cause and prescribe proper treatment. This article is for your additional information only. I feel that it is always smart to do your homework before you consult your physician. The more help you can offer your physician on his diagnosis of a problem the better.
The absolutely fist line of defense against this infection is to wear waterproof gloves when cleaning your fish tank or dealing with fish tank water. Even if you wore gloves, wash your hands and arms thoroughly with anti-bacterial soap when you start and when you are done, just to be safe. This disease often enters the body through cuts and abrasions or any compromise of the skin so be particularly aware of this. Never drink or taste your aquarium water for any reason.
The symptoms of Fish Tank Granuloma are wounds that take a very long time to heal. Generally these wounds are on the hands, arms or fingers. After the wound closes, there may be some soreness and small nodules (called granulomas) around the wound. If this disease enters the bloodstream, nodules may form in the veins close to the original wound. Because this disease is very slow growing, these nodules may take 2-3 weeks and even up to several months to show up. The infected wound may become ulcerous and close lymph nodes may become swollen. This disease may heal itself over time. Your doctor may be interested to know that this bacterium is gram-positive which means it will retain a crystal violet dye for identification purposes.
It should be noted that this disease may also be picked up at incorrectly chlorinated pools, from any fish (uncooked), and from swimming in fresh and salt water in many parts of the world, including the United States. Generally, a cut, abrasion or wound must be present along with the bacteria.
Treatment varies and as of now, there is no set rule to which regimen of antibiotics works best. It can take a long time to rid oneself of this disease. It can take 3 months to almost a year of an antibiotic regimen. Often combinations of antibiotics are used such as tetracyclines, ethambutol, rifampicin, trimethoprim, and/or sulfamethoxazole. Some physicians use Rifampin + Ethambutol, Rifampin + Clarithromycin or Minocycline by itself.


text:
Watch a video to find out.
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Search the collections
Male Figure (Tiki)
Barkcloth Panel (Siapo)
Browse current and upcoming exhibitions and events.
This artwork is currently on display in Gallery 353
Although most Polynesian peoples appear to have made and used human images, few such objects have survived to the present day. Most were destroyed under the influence of Christian missionaries, who viewed such sculptures as "graven images." Small female figures in ivory were known from the Tongan archipelago as early as the late eighteenth century. Formerly referred to as goddesses, these figures are now thought to represent important female ancestors. A number of Tongan ivories were traded to the neighboring Fiji islands, where they were used during religious rites. This particularly expressive example was collected on the Fijian island of Viti Levu by the Reverend Cyril G. Hawdon in 1868.
Collected by Cyril G. Hawdon, Viti Levu, Fiji, in 1868; [John J. Klejman, New York, until 1957]; Nelson A. Rockefeller, New York, 1957, on loan to The Museum of Primitive Art, New York, 1957–1978
© 2000–2013 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. All rights reserved.


text:
C is for Coven Board Book
C is for Coven is a reinterpretation of a classic alphabet book, matching each letter of the ABCs with a rhyming phrase that teaches kids about witchcraft. Instead of A is for Apple and D is for Dog, A is for Altar and D is for Drawing Down the Moon. This bewitching and adorable board book will make learning the ABCs fun, magical, and memorable for the whole family.
Founded by children's book author Andrea Stein, Moon Dust Press is dedicated to creating resources for children being raised in homes practicing alternative spiritualities, breaking down stereotypes about witchcraft and Pagan practices in children's literature, and providing needed diverse representation.
Moon Dust Press is committed to producing high quality, beautifully illustrated, and entertaining books that allow children and parents to find the magic in every day life


text:
Stonyfield helped build the Rosebud Sioux Tribe's wind turbine in South Dakota through NativeEnergy.
While Stonyfield Farm's efforts in the mid-1990s focused on reducing energy use at our Yogurt Works, we recognized that despite our best efforts, the factory was still emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs) via energy use, thus contributing to climate change. Hearing of an electric utility that had invested in reforestation projects to "offset" the GHG emissions from its operations, we set out to learn how we could do the same for our energy use.
As this was more than a decade before Al Gore and An Inconvenient Truth would raise mainstream awareness of climate change, and hardly anyone had heard of a "carbon offset," there were virtually no publicly available resources on how to offset emissions. With help and expertise from Mark Trexler, then with Trexler & Associates, in 1997 Stonyfield Farm became the first U.S. manufacturer to offset the carbon impact of 100% of its facility energy use—both electricity and heating fuels.
Stonyfield helped build the Schrack family's manure digester to generate heat and electricity for the farm.
Offsets are activities that either remove existing carbon from the atmosphere or prevent additional carbon from being released into the atmosphere. They're offsite activities that do not directly involve a company's own emissions. We've offset all of our facility energy emissions every year since 1997 with investments in projects such as wind energy, farm methane recovery, and reforestation. Since 1997, we've offset over 40,000 metric tons of global-warming gases, which is equal to taking 7,300 cars off the road for one year.
We took the lessons we learned from the difficulty we experienced back in 1996 in trying to figure out how to offset our emissions, and we put them into a how-to manual for other companies interested in doing the same. Since then, a plethora of internet resources on how to offset emissions have come into existence.
Offsets should not be done in lieu of onsite reductions, and they are not a first step, but they are an important part of a comprehensive climate change strategy.
Our carbon offset investments to date include:
- Reforestation. With funding from Stonyfield Farm, the OregonForest Resource Trust (OFRT) oversaw the planting of deforested watershed and riparian habitat in Oregon. Besides its benefits directly related to climate change, the OFRT project promotes salmon recovery, provides wildlife habitat, and improves water quality and soil stability.
- Energy efficiency. Stonyfield Farm was the first company in private industry to invest funds in an innovative project in northern China to construct energy-efficient straw bale homes.The project reduced the amount of coal used by these households by 70–90% while improving the quality of life and health of people in the local communities.
- Methane recovery. Stonyfield Farm invested in a project to capture and use methane vented from sealed coalmines in Ohio and other states. Underground mining operations release large volumes of methane, which is a potent GHG. The methane must be vented so that it doesn't build up and cause explosions. And after mining operations have ceased, the vents continue to emit methane for 20–30 years. In this project, a small, modular power generation set was attached onto the vent; it generates electricity with the methane emissions. Such projects reduce GHGs both indirectly, by creating offset electricity, and directly, by capturing the methane.
- Efficiency: boiler upgrades at public schools. GHGs were reduced by replacing old, inefficient oil burners with new ones that use natural gas. Additional efficiency gains were achieved by installing new control systems.
- Biogas. Through NativeEnergy, Stonyfield Farm supported a project by Essex, Vermont's wastewater treatment facility to turn their anaerobic digester gas (methane that was previously flared) into energy using two 30 kW microturbines. The power generated by these turbines supplements that produced by the New England utility grid.
- Wind energy. Also through NativeEnergy, Stonyfield Farm invested in a handful of new wind energy projects. The first was the Rosebud Sioux Indian Tribe's wind turbine project in South Dakota. An economic development and educational initiative, the tribally owned and operated wind turbine generates clean power and is interconnected to the electric grid, replacing other sources of power. Similar projects have included a new wind farm in an Alaskan Native village in Toksook Bay, Alaska; new wind turbines on Midwestern farmland, benefitting American farmers; and, most recently, the Greensburg, Kansas Wind Farm.
- Manure digester/methane co-generation. Again through NativeEnergy, Stonyfield Farm has supported a project on the Schrack Family Dairy Farm in Loganton, Pennsylvania. The 165kW renewable energy generator converts methane in an anaerobic manure digester into electricity. The waste heat from the generator is also used to meet a portion of the farm's heating needs.


text:
Did you know you're being brainwashed?
This compelling book discovers how teens succumb to constant commercial battering designed to reduce their individuality and creativity, the effects of targeted messages on emerging teen identities and how they are subtly taught to market to each other. But we also witness the bravery of isolated young people who fight back, turning the tables on the cocksure mega-corporations striving to crack the codes of 'teen cool'. These kids prove it isn't necessary to give in to branding, but it's a drop in the ocean when an entire generation is being raised to consume.
Paperback, 2003, 308pages, new


text:
Seeing and imagining the "same" objects in unilateral neglect the only significant left–right difference in accuracy stemmed from neglect patients. Seeing and imagining are different in the brain tags: can be thought of as "seeing with the dissociation between visual attention and visual mental. Generally it is easy to tell the difference between what you are actually seeing and imagining, but how does this happen when you see something. What is medical diagnostic imaging and radiology along with traditional x-ray or radiology (see history of medical difference between outpatient. Seeing vs transparency: what's the difference one of these friends did not know the difference between seeing 3 thoughts on " seeing vs transparency. We can be aware of 'seeing' an image listening to or imagining pitch this test revealed no significant differences between the groups in terms of their. Fantasy-prone personality most of us can tell the difference between and whether the fantasist can tell the difference between, say, seeing and.
Transsexual differences caught they found significant differences between male and female brains deoni expects to see differences developing in the. Significant major findings were: • a kendall coefficient of concordance of 74 was obtained between the results of x-ray analysis and the results of cfi analysis. New ways of seeing of labour arose out of "natural" differences between individuals it is a short but significant step from "this job is mine and. Learn the difference between mri, ct and x-ray scans understand the difference between these medical imaging scans and how they guide (see lung scan image to. Imagining social justice within a communicative framework seeing social justice as power differences between social classes. The difference between looking and seeing in "cathedral," the act of looking is related to physical vision, but the act of seeing requires a deeper level of engagement.
The distinction between lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma, however, is a frequent diagnostic dilemma lipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor in which the lesion closely resembles normal fat the resemblance is so great that the fat within a lipoma cannot be distinguished histologically from normal fat however, there are biochemical and. Frequently asked questions about cte seeing stars, sensitivity to light or noise (ad), significant differences exist. This page will calculate the z-ratio for the significance of the difference between two independent proportions, p a and p bfor the notation used here, n a and n b represent the total numbers of observations in two independent samples, a and b k a and k b represent the numbers of observations within each sample that are of particular. The following graph outlines the differences between mammography, medical infrared imaging (thermography) 10 times more significant than any family history of.
68 ga-dotatoc versus 68 ga-dotatate pet/ct in functional imaging of neuroendocrine significant difference between either imaging functional imaging. This difference in magnetic properties leads to small differences in the mr signal of blood depending on the degree of oxygenation since blood oxygenation varies according to the levels of neural activity these differences can be used to detect brain activity this form of mri is known as blood oxygenation level dependent (bold) imaging. The researchers manipulated the model, changing the size of the brow ridge and seeing what happened when they applied different bite pressures they found that the brow ridge was much bigger than it needed to be if its purpose was just to connect the eye sockets with the brain case, and that it didn't seem to protect the skull from the force of biting.
The team found a few structural differences between there was significant overlap between or the diffusion tensor imaging data, between 23% and 53% of. What's the difference between mri and x-ray while mri and x-ray are both imaging techniques for organs of the body mri vs x-ray. Visually imagining a cat is seeing nothing too) play a significant role in visual mental imagery between current conceptions of mental imagery and.
Since there is a difference between being while there are significant differences between these three one is doing is imagining seeing oneself. Remembering and imagining: there was no significant difference in neural activity there are likely to be differences between imagining extended. Imagining accomplishments from differing visual and from differing visual and temporal perspectives there were no significant differences in ga. Statistics calculator will compare two percentages to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between seeing your ad in the last. The simple answer is that t2 weighted imaging makes structures with lots of water appear bright and t1 weighted imaging makes water dark and structures containing fat comparatively bright basic t1 weighted imaging is useful for assessing structures that are high in fat or structures that are near water filled structures, such as joints, that.


applied."""
 q = self.KIND.all()
 for prop, value in self.FILTERS:
 q.filter("%s =" % prop, value)
 return q
 def run(self, batch_size=100):
 """Executes the map procedure over all matching entities."""
 q = self.get_query()
 entities = q.fetch(batch_size)
 while entities:
 to_put = []
 to_delete = []
 for entity in entities:
 map_updates, map_deletes = self.map(entity)
 if to_put:
 if to_delete:
 q = self.get_query()
 q.filter("__key__ >", entities[-1].key())
 entities = q.fetch(batch_size)
Mapper is supposed to be just an abstract class that allows you to iterate over every entity of a given kind, be it to extract their data, or to modify them and store the updated entities back to the datastore.
Run with it!
Now, start your appengine interactive console:
$python appengine_console.py
That should start the interactive console. In it create a subclass of Model:
from utils import Mapper
# import your model class here
class MyModelDeleter(Mapper):
 KIND =
 def map(self, entity):
 return ([], [entity])
And, finally, run it (from you interactive console): mapper = MyModelDeleter() mapper.run()
That's it!
share|improve this answer
You can do it using the web interface. Login into your account, navigate with links on the left hand side. In Data Store management you have options to modify and delete data. Use respective options.
share|improve this answer
I've created an add-in panel that can be used with your deployed App Engine apps. It lists the kinds that are present in the datastore in a dropdown, and you can click a button to schedule "tasks" that delete all entities of a specific kind or simply everything. You can download it here:
share|improve this answer
For Python, 1.3.8 includes an experimental admin built-in for this. They say: "enable the following builtin in your app.yaml file:"
- datastore_admin: on
"Datastore delete is currently available only with the Python runtime. Java applications, however, can still take advantage of this feature by creating a non-default Python application version that enables Datastore Admin in the app.yaml. Native support for Java will be included in an upcoming release."
share|improve this answer
that's the currently easiest solution to bulk delete a specific entity – systempuntoout Jan 18 '11 at 22:59
Adding the configuration in app.yaml threw an error. Instead we can enable it from the 'Applications Setting' Page in 'Administration' section. There's a button to enable it – Sundeep Dec 29 '12 at 23:12
Open "Datastore Admin" for your application and enable Admin. Then all of your entities will be listed with check boxes. You can simply select the unwanted entites and delete them.
share|improve this answer
This is what you're looking for...
Running a keys-only query is much faster than a full fetch, and your quota will take a smaller hit because keys-only queries are considered small ops.
Here's a link to an answer from Nick Johnson describing it further.
Below is an end-to-end REST API solution to truncating a table...
I setup a REST API to handle database transactions where routes are directly mapped through to the proper model/action. This can be called by entering the right url (example.com/inventory/truncate) and logging in.
Here's the route:
Route('/inventory/truncate', DataHandler, defaults={'_model':'Inventory', '_action':'truncate'})
Here's the handler:
class DataHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler):
 def delete(self, **defaults):
 model = defaults.get('_model')
 action = defaults.get('_action')
 module = __import__('api.models', fromlist=[model])
 model_instance = getattr(module, model)()
 result = getattr(model_instance, action)()
It starts by loading the model dynamically (ie Inventory found under api.models), then calls the correct method (Inventory.truncate()) as specified in the action parameter.
The _USER_ is a decorator/wrapper that provides authentication for sensitive operations (ie POST/DELETE). There's also an oAuth decorator available if you're concerned about security.
Finally, the action is called:
def truncate(self):
It looks like magic but it's actually very straightforward. The best part is, delete() can be re-used to handle deleting one-or-many results by adding another action to the model.
share|improve this answer
If you have a lot of data, using the web interface could be time consuming. The App Engine Launcher utility lets you delete everything in one go with the 'Clear datastore on launch' checkbox. This utility is now available for both Windows and Mac (Python framework).
share|improve this answer
For the development server, instead of running the server through the google app engine launcher, you can run it from the terminal like:
dev_appserver.py --port=[portnumber] --clear_datastore=yes [nameofapplication]
ex: my application "reader" runs on port 15080. After modify the code and restart the server, I just run "dev_appserver.py --port=15080 --clear_datastore=yes reader".
It's good for me.
share|improve this answer
Adding answer about recent developments.
Google recently added datastore admin feature. You can backup, delete or copy your entities to another app using this console.
share|improve this answer
PHP variation:
import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.Query;
import com.google.appengine.api.datastore.DatastoreServiceFactory;
define('DATASTORE_SERVICE', DatastoreServiceFactory::getDatastoreService());
function get_all($kind) {
 $query = new Query($kind);
 $prepared = DATASTORE_SERVICE->prepare($query);
 return $prepared->asIterable();
function delete_all($kind, $amount = 0) {
 if ($entities = get_all($kind)) {
 $r = $t = 0;
 $delete = array();
 foreach ($entities as $entity) {
 if ($r < 500) {
 $delete[] = $entity->getKey();
 } else {
 $delete = array();
 $r = -1;
 $r++; $t++;
 if ($amount && $amount < $t) break;
 if ($delete) {
Yes it will take time and 30 sec. is a limit. I'm thinking to put an ajax app sample to automate beyond 30 sec.
share|improve this answer
WTF? None of that is necessary. – Evan Plaice Jun 1 '12 at 20:18
I often don't want to delete all the data store so I pull a clean copy of /war/WEB-INF/local_db.bin out source control. It may just be me but it seems even with the Dev Mode stopped I have to physically remove the file before pulling it. This is on Windows using the subversion plugin for Eclipse.
share|improve this answer
I was so frustrated about existing solutions for deleting all data in the live datastore that I created a small GAE app that can delete quite some amount of data within its 30 seconds.
How to install etc: _URL_
share|improve this answer
for amodel in db.Model.__subclasses__():
 print amodel
 m = amodel()
 mq = m.all()
 print mq.count()
 for mw in mq:
 #~ print len(dela)
share|improve this answer
If you're using ndb, the method that worked for me for clearing the datastore:
share|improve this answer
I don't think this will work. Appengine complains about Sorry, unexpected error: The kind "__Stat_Kind__" is reserved. This seems like appengine has some internal statistics entity that can be exposed by this method (possible bug on their end?) – disappearedng Jun 11 '14 at 7:55
For any datastore that's on app engine, rather than local, you can use the new Datastore API. Here's a primer for how to get started.
I wrote a script that deletes all non-built in entities. The API is changing pretty rapidly, so for reference, I cloned it at commit 990ab5c7f2063e8147bcc56ee222836fd3d6e15b
from gcloud import datastore
from gcloud.datastore import SCOPE
from gcloud.datastore.connection import Connection
from gcloud.datastore import query
from oauth2client import client
def get_connection():
 client_email = '_EMAIL_'
 private_key_string = open('/path/to/yourfile.p12', 'rb').read()
 svc_account_credentials = client.SignedJwtAssertionCredentials(
 return Connection(credentials=svc_account_credentials)
def connect_to_dataset(dataset_id):
 connection = get_connection()
if __name__ == "__main__":
 gae_entity_query = query.Query()
 for entity in gae_entity_query.fetch():
 if entity.kind[0]!= '_':
 print entity.kind
share|improve this answer
You can Delete All Datastore by deleting all Kinds One by One. with google appengine dash board. Please follow these Steps.
1- Login to _URL_
2- Click Data Store admin in data section.(Enable data store admin if


text:
The oldest Lutheran church in
celebrate its 160th anniversary during October. As part of
this celebration, the church has made arrangements
for the use of a silver chalice that Martin Luther
gave to his sister as a wedding gift nearly five
centuries ago. The chalice will be used in
connection with the celebration Oct. 8-10.
40 Pomeranian German families bought more than 1,000 acres of land in the western part of
the Town of Mequon. This area was given the name Freistadt, which loosely translated means
"free city". These people came in search of religious freedom and held their
initial church service that same year. They then became the first German Lutheran church
in Wisconsin. The first church was a small log cabin. The present
stone church was built in 1884. The historical marker
was erected in 1959, the same year that the black and while photo was taken.


text: N! BINOM(N,M) = --------- M! (N-M)!In some cases BINOM(N,M) can be computed even though N! can not. For example, BINOM(N,M) is computed for 0 <= N <= 129 and 0 <= M <= N, while 37! is too large for the program to compute.


text:
|Lesson Plan ID:
Students will investigate the effects of solvents in cleaning by designing and carrying out an experiment utilizing the steps of the scientific method. A video is used as an introduction to the concept of solvents. Hazardous effects of solvents are also discussed.
This lesson plan was created as a result of the Girls Engaged in Math and Science, GEMS Project funded by the Malone Family Foundation.
|SC(8) ||1. Identify steps within the scientific process. |
|SC(8) ||6. Define solution in terms of solute and solvent. |
|SC(9-12) Environmental Elective||4. Identify the impact of pollutants on the atmosphere. |
|SC(9-12) Environmental Elective||8. Identify major contaminants in water resulting from natural phenomena, homes, industry, and agriculture. |
|TC2(6-8) ||6. Select specific digital tools for completing curriculum-related tasks. |
|TC2(6-8) ||9. Practice responsible and legal use of technology systems and digital content. |
National Science Education Standards TEACHING STANDARD A: Teachers of science plan an inquiry-based science program for their students. In doing this, teachers Develop a framework of yearlong and short-term goals for students. Select science content and adapt and design curricula to meet the interests, knowledge, understanding, abilities, and experiences of students. Select teaching and assessment strategies that support the development of student understanding and nurture a community of science learners. Work together as colleagues within and across disciplines and grade levels.
|Primary Learning Objective(s):
Students will develop a procedure to test the effectiveness of solvents. Students will differentiate between solute, solvent and solution. The scientific principles of dry cleaning will be observed.
|Additional Learning Objective(s):
|Approximate Duration of the Lesson:
|| 91 to 120 Minutes|
|Materials and Equipment:
You will need 4 inch squares of white cotton fabric; any household item capable of producing a stain (ketchup, mustard, ink, oil, chocolate, permanent marker, lipstick, etc.); solvents such as water, alcohol, bleach, laundry detergent; cotton-tipped applicators; small paper cups; small jars with lids; Kool-Aide or similar powdered drink mix; safety goggles; and lab aprons (optional)-Some of the solvent items may harm clothing. If you choose to do the demo on the Steve Spangler website in addition to showing the video, you will also need a beaker, packing peanuts, and nail polish solution containing acetone.
|Technology Resources Needed:
You will need a computer with Internet capability, and a projector.
Groups should be established prior to assigning group projects. Groups should be diverse, consisting of both male and female students. In order to facilitate accommodations and provide peer mentoring, it is often best to group a high performer, low performer, and two average students in a group. Assemble all supplies. Stain items may be placed in small labeled cups. Solvents should be placed in small jars with lids.
1.)On the first day of the lesson, have the kids brainstorm ideas about the definitions of the terms solute and solvent. Write these ideas on the board.
2.)Demonstrate mixing up powdered drink mix in water. Explain to the students that the solute is placed in the solvent to make a resulting solution. The solute is the smaller amount and the solvent is the larger amount. Serve the drink to the class.
3.)As students are drinking, ask for other examples of solutes and solvents. Some examples might be lemonade, tea, or pudding. Non-food examples might include air, potting soil, or steel.
4.)Show students the video on packing peanuts and solvents by using the attached website. If time allows, perform the demonstration for the students.
(Steve Spangler Science
)This website video shows the effect of a solvent (acetone) on packing peanuts.
5.)Explain that dry cleaning is a process utilizing solvents to remove stains. Tell each lab group to develop and outline a procedure to test at least 3 of the stain items with 3 of the solvent items. Allow 15-20 minutes for each group to develop a plan of action. Review the plan with each group. Check for constants such as stain size and application of consistent amount of solvents. Be sure that only one solvent is tested on each piece of cloth, otherwise the solvents may overlap resulting in problems in interpretation of data.
6.)Allow students to prepare their stained pieces of cloth. The stains should sit overnight to dry.
7.)During the second class period, have students make a hypothesis about which solvent will remove each stain. Students should also prepare a rubric with a key to grade the efficiency of the stain removal.
8.)Allow students to test the solvents.
Student results may be presented in the form of powerpoint presentation. Students might also prepare posters or bulletin boards utilizing pictures made with digital cameras.
9.)Discuss the results obtained and address any discrepancies that may have occurred. Discrepancies might be caused by amount of solvent used, variation in rubbing the stain, etc.
10.)Display the attached website for the students.
(How Stuff Works
)This website describes the science of dry cleaning and the health hazards of solvents.
11.)Discuss the environmental impact of the addition of solvents and other contaminants to the water supply. Use the video on the attached website to generate discussion.
)This video provides insight into contamination of the universal solvent, water.
12.)As a follow up activity, have a representative from a local manufacturing plant visit your class to discuss recycling and anti-pollution activities used in production at their facility.
13.)Students may also prepare tie-dyed shirts by following the directions on the following attached website.
)This website gives directions for tie-dying the shirt.
|Attachments:**Some files will display in a new window. Others will prompt you to download.
Grading opportunities include evaluating the procedure developed, lab technique, and the results table prepared by the student.
If time allows, let students compare detergents or stain removal sprays. Students may also wish to compare stains on different types of fabrics.
Each area below is a direct link to general teaching strategies/classroom
for students with identified learning and/or behavior problems such as: reading
or math performance below grade level; test or classroom assignments/quizzes at
a failing level; failure to complete assignments independently; difficulty with
short-term memory, abstract concepts, staying on task, or following directions;
poor peer interaction or temper tantrums, and other learning or behavior problems.
|Presentation of Material
||Using Groups and Peers
|Assisting the Reluctant Starter
||Dealing with Inappropriate
Be sure to check the student's IEP for specific accommodations.
|Variations Submitted by ALEX Users:


text:
Advances in technology are making more jobs obsolete, which means workers need skills to adapt quickly to changes in the workplace.
Urban planners in Seoul shifted from paper-based processes to a computerized system to improve information sharing and decision-making.
Establishing centers of excellence can be a fast and cost-effective way for countries and industries to create much-needed specialists.
One way for the Philippines to close the skills gap is to strengthen the foundations for noncognitive learning.
By allowing the shared control of data, distributed ledgers can enable innovations that support financial inclusion.
A fintech company uses blockchain technology and digital IDs to help ensure that aid reaches the right person at the right time.
The development of transportation infrastructure served as a linchpin of rapid economic growth in the Republic of Korea.
Jobs, education and skills development are needed to help elderly people lead a more stable life and contribute to the economy.
Lessons learned from the establishment of a Water Resources Management Information System in the Philippines.
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text:
|M.Sc Student||Atzmon Yuval|
|Subject||Phase Noise Impairments and Quadratic Detection Effects in|
Differential Phase-Shift Keyed Transmission with
|Department||Department of Electrical Engineering||Supervisor||Professor Moshe Nazarathy|
|Full Thesis text|
While optical Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) is already being deployed in the field, a new generation of advanced self-homodyne differential formats such as multi-symbol DPSK with decision-feedback based on either optical pre-processing or digital post-processing, has been recently conceived, and initially experimentally demonstrated. Remarkably, such "self-coherent" systems emulate optically coherent operation without necessitating the physical presence of a local oscillator in the receiver.
Coherent and differentially coherent phase-based communication systems are in principle prone to phase-noise impairments. For optical differential systems, the treatment of phase noise is even more complex than its wireless communication counterpart, as it includes in addition to the source (laser) phase noise, the non-linear phase-noise induced by the amplified-spontaneous emission via the Kerr effect (the so-called Gordon-Mollenauer effect).
This work addresses key modeling aspects and limiting impairments of self-coherent differential systems (optical DPSK in particular). It revisits the topics of phase noise and quadratic detection in differentially coherent optical communication, by means of a simplified yet accurate Gaussian statistics approach based on polar-domain filtering of the angular fluctuations, and a Volterra-series-based description.
Our novel analytic Gaussian formulation provides high accuracy (±0.1dB), while accounting for the combined effect of all three (linear, nonlinear and laser) phase noise sources impairing DPSK and self-coherent detection. The laser phase noise emerges as a key impairment limiting the amount of attainable "self-coherent gain".
To further model the interaction between quadratic optical detection and electrical post-detection filtering and optical pre-processing driven by decision feedback, the Volterra-based technique introduced in a recent master thesis in our department is further improved, making it exponentially more efficient, is then validated by means of previous DPSK modeling results, and is finally applied to account for the interaction between quadratic detection and optical and electrical filtering with decision feedback.


Herbs for a Healthy Pregnancy and Birth Part 4: Nursing and Lactation
I can't imagine going through this nursing journey without the help of botanicals. Let's delve into the areas of lactation where herbs can offer their benefits the most: increasing and decreasing milk supply and in specific breastfeeding complications. Since tiny amounts of some herbal remedies taken internally can wind up in your milk supply, it's critical to be aware of what you're ingesting and in what form and what amount, whether it's chamomile or catnip.
Herbs for Toddlers and Young Children
Herbs for Toddlers and Young Children
If illness is the great teacher, it certainly doesn't spare the littles. But as parents, we have such a diverse arsenal of herbal medicines available to us that using them one way that we can best show our babes to appreciate the natural world. Let's walk through some basic information about safely and effectively incorporating herbs into our everyday routines with our kids, using herbs for immune system regulation, digestive health, the nervous system, and skin health.
Herbs for a Healthy Pregnancy and Birth Part 3: Labor and Birth
While there are a few things they can't do, there are many more situations during labor and birth during which herbal remedies can play a major role in supporting a healthy mama and healthy baby. Here, I'll share with you a few of my favorite herbs to have on hand to support a smooth labor and delivery, whether medicated or not, at home or in a hospital.
Herbs for a Healthy Pregnancy and Birth Part 1: Nourishment
Herbs for a Healthy Pregnancy and Birth Part 1: Nourishment
Honoring the Moontime
by Corinna Wood
Balancing the hormones: Protecting Our Reproductive Selves from Estrogen Dominance
by Corinna Wood
So much of women's health revolves around our reproductive cycles and the corresponding hormonal cycles. I get countless questions about the estrogen/progesterone balance. Women want to understand more about their PMS, endometriosis, fibroids–or to how to support their fertility, a healthy pregnancy, or menopause.
 - Try to reduce toxins in your life in all forms. Eat as much organic food as possible, get good drinking water, don't use a microwave, avoid plastics, x-rays, and all harmful chemicals (e.g., nail polish, synthetic perfumes, off-gassing from carpets).
 - Support natural progesterone in your life to balance your hormones. Nettle infusion supports our bodies with phytosterols (plant hormones) and Vitex extract supports the pituitary gland which helps regulate estrogen and progesterone.
The Fertility Awareness Method: Myths and Facts
by Corinna Wood, Director, Southeast Wise Women
Samantha was dismayed at the options for birth control: the side effects of the pill, the chemicals used with the diaphragm, the unreliability of the rhythm method, the yeast infections from using latex condoms. Jean and Greg were longing for a baby, yet having difficulty conceiving. The Fertility Awareness Method was just what they all were looking for.
The Fertility Awareness Method for Natural Birth Control or Pregnancy Achievement is a way to track a woman's fertility day to day. She checks and charts her cervical fluid and basal body temperature to determine each day whether she is potentially fertile. This information can be used to plan or prevent a pregnancy.
Myth: The Fertility Awareness Method for Natural Birth Control is the same as the rhythm method.
Fact: The Fertility Awareness Method is much more reliable for birth control than the rhythm method. The rhythm method uses a mathematical formula based on past cycles to predict future fertility. The Fertility Awareness Method determines days which are potentially fertile by the fertility signals in a current cycle. The success rate of the rhythm method is estimated around 50%. The Fertility Awareness Method, on the other hand, is 98% effective when followed precisely, according to Contraceptive Technology.* In practice, various studies place the effectiveness rate of Fertility Awareness around 85%. * The effectiveness of Fertility Awareness depends on how diligently the couple follows the birth control rules and whether they choose to abstain or to use a barrier method of birth control during the woman's fertile phase.
Myth: A woman ovulates on day 14 of a 28 day cycle, so to prevent pregnancy, you simply need to avoid intercourse around that time.
Fact: There is a wide range of days that a woman may ovulate, even in a cycle that lasts 28 days. For example, ovulation could occur on the day 8 or day 20. And she does not know whether she will have a 28 day cycle until menstruation signals the end of the cycle. It is quite common for a woman to have unexpectedly short or long cycles, even if she is usually 'like clockwork.' During those short or long cycles, ovulation day can vary widely. In addition, when a woman is fertile, she produces cervical fluid which is designed to keep sperm alive until ovulation. Sperm can live in this fertile fluid for up to five days. That means that intercourse on Monday can lead to conception on Friday. For this reason, the Fertility Awareness Method includes careful observations of cervical fluid before ovulation.
Myth: A woman cannot get pregnant during her period.
Fact: While it is true that a woman does not ovulate during menstruation, she can begin producing fertile cervical fluid (masked by blood) during her period. This can keep sperm alive for up to five days, when ovulation may occur. Certain days of menstruation may be considered infertile with Fertility Awareness, which involves charting your cycles to acquire additional information.
Myth: Couples who are infertile should use ovulation predictor kits to optimize the chances of conception.
Fact: Ovulation predictor kits let you know ovulation is occurring only if used on the very day of ovulation, and even then, the results are often misleading. Most kits (which cost around $30) contain only 5 to 9 days of tests, which is often not enough to cover the range of days ovulation could occur, especially for women with irregular cycles. Many couples who are having difficulty conceiving find Fertility Awareness an invaluable tool, with less hassle and less expense. By observing the cervical fluid, a couple can pinpoint the best days to make love to optimize their chances of conceiving. Charting body temperature can also help an infertile couple determine whether the woman is still fertile in a given cycle, whether her luteal phase is long enough for implantation, or whether she is ovulating at all. Fertility Awareness is not for everyone. It requires a high level of commitment, discipline, and communication. Those women and couples who practice it find that the high level of personal responsibility enhances their lives, deepening relationships and increasing self-awareness.
*Weschler, Toni. Taking Charge of Your Fertility, pg 313. Harper Collins, 1995.


text:
rhombus-like air-void structure LED ]RA-LED has a 65 percent light–output power enhancement, a smaller divergent angle, and a periodic higher light intensity profile compared to a [flat sapphire substrate standard LED] STLED that provides a high external quantum efficiency in Nitride-based LED applications." Dai et al. Enhanced the Light Extraction Efficiency of a InGaN Light Emitting Diodes with an Embedded Rhombus-Like Air-Void Structure, Applied Physics Express 3 (2010) 071002
Currently, LED manufacturers have the choice of two very different manufacturing processes. Dry etching creates bright efficient LEDs but does so slowly and with limited throughput. Wet etching is fast and very scalable, but produces LEDs that aren't quite as effective or efficient. Wet etching, however presents a considerable cost savings over dry etching, even if polishing touch-up work is performed on the wafers to increase light extraction efficiencies. It also scales much more efficiently making the cost savings multiply dramatically as throughput and wafer size increase.
Looking at the financial side, Rajiv K. Singh, Founder and CTO of Sinmat breaks the numbers down like this: "Say you look at a flat substrate, and then you make a patterned substrate, the cost of making a pattern substrate increases the cost by 20 per cent or maybe 25 per cent. The wet etch would decrease that added cost by half."
Given the combination of per unit cost savings with significantly higher etch-rates, LED Manufacturers and Sapphire Wafer Suppliers need to give high temperature wet etching serious consideration.


istat (1) - Linux Man Pages
istat: Display details of a meta-data structure (i.e. inode)
istat - Display details of a meta-data structure (i.e. inode)
istat [-B num ] [-f fstype ] [-i imgtype] [-o imgoffset] [-b dev_sector_size] [-vV] [-z zone ] [-s seconds ] image [images] inode
istat displays the uid, gid, mode, size, link number, modified, accessed, changed times, and all the disk units a structure has allocated.
The options are as follows:
-B num
Display the addresses of num disk units. Useful when the inode is unallocated with size 0, but still has block pointers.
-f fstype
-s seconds
-i imgtype
-o imgoffset
The sector offset where the file system starts in the image.
-b dev_sector_size
Verbose output of debugging statements to stderr
Display version
-z zone
An ASCII string of the original system's time zone. For example, EST5EDT or GMT. These strings are defined by the operating system and may vary. NOTE: This has changed since TCTUTILs.
image [images]
Meta-data number to display stats on
Brian Carrier


text:
In the dictionary you will find that the word testify means 'to bear witness' or 'to give evidence.' It also means 'to make a solemn declaration.'
In the Bible the word 'testify' most often means to bear witness or to give evidence of the truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ. In John 1:7, John the Baptist was sent to point others to the truth of Jesus. His mission was to tell the people living in darkness about the Light. He was to testify.
The apostle John gave testimony that Jesus was the Son of God. This was the purpose of his gospel.(John 1:34)
The Scriptures that the Jewish leaders studied - we call them the Old Testament - testified to Jesus Christ as the only way to eternal life. However, many of the Jewish leaders did not recognize that testimony. (John 5:39)
The prophets' message testified about Jesus Christ and forgiveness of sins through His name. (Acts 10:43)
The Holy Spirit was sent to believers to testify about Jesus. (John 15:26)
The apostles were with Jesus. They knew the truth of His gospel and could testify with great power about His resurrection. They directed others to Jesus as the source of eternal life. (Acts 4:33)
At the end of the book of John, the apostle John gave testimony to the fact that this was the
truth of the gospel of Jesus Christ. (John 21:24)
We often hear the word 'testify' in the Christian faith or that someone has a testimony. A believer's testimony is not merely the story of their life or an account of their ability to overcome their troubles. A testimony must testify to the truth of Jesus Christ. If you have been healed, your testimony must direct others to the Source of healing.
Every believer has a testimony.
Your Christian testimony may begin with you living life as you pleased - being your own boss - never thinking about God or what your life after death would be like - if you even believed in life after death. Your testimony may describe the experience of repentance. It may describe the moment when you realized that you were indeed a sinner in need of the Savior. It may tell of the great relief and joy you experienced at the time you realized that through the blood of Jesus Christ you were forgiven.
However, your Christian testimony should not end with that experience. God doesn't stop working in our life at the point of conversion. Life has just begun. Your testimony will tell of God's work to bring you closer - closer to the image of His Son. Your testimony will sometimes tell of a time when you experienced a great trial such as an illness, the loss of a family member or friend or a financial loss. It will tell of God's leading and comfort during that time. Your testimony will include the continual process of sanctification. It will include the Holy Spirit in your life, guiding, convicting, and prompting
It isn't necessary to stand up in front of the church or a group of people to give your testimony, but you should know what it is. Write it, speak it, pray it or sing it to God. Read the Psalms for heart-felt testimonies to God's greatness. For instance, Psalm 18 is David's testimony. He sang it to the Lord. Here are verses 2 and 6 in my own translation.
The LORD is the rock under my feet, my fortress and the One who rescues me;
my God is the stronghold in which I live and where I run for safety,
When I was hurt and afraid, I called to the LORD;
I cried to my God for help.
From His home He heard my voice;
He heard and paid attention to my cry for help.
It is important that we each know our own testimony because whether it is spoken or not we have a living testimony that other people see. They either see that Jesus is our focus and that we live on that faith or they see that we live as any non-believer lives with fear, anxiety and lack of stability.
Can you testify? I suggest that you sit down and write your testimony. Know where you came from and where you are going through God's redeeming work in your life.
A Walk With the Women of the Bible
EBook by Lynne Chapman
Join me in getting to know some amazing
women of the Bible
while we extract valuable insights and
lessons from their lives.
Now available for Kindle under new title
A Walk With EVE
Also availble in paperback from Cafe Press.
Names of God Ebook
Almighty God. The Creator of heaven and earth.
Our God is given names in Scripture that
describe the characteristics of His personality.
Experience God through the names given Him in Scripture.


wood, glaces, mirrors, tempera
The object consists of mirror and glass in the center of construction. On the glass there are symbols resembling the Cyrillic and Latin letters. Coming to the object the viewer can see reflection through the glass with printed symbols.
This work is about «non-places» described by Marc Auge.
It is "non-place" existing between work and home, when person stands in public transport and immersed himself. At this moment the cloud of words, information, advertising slogans, warnings, illusions prevent or extend the endless dialogue inside the person.