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TransSOL teams presented key findings of the first project period at the 8th Pan-European Conference on the European Union of the European Consortium for Political Research and its EU-Standing Group. The conference took place on 16th-18th June at the University of Trento and brought together scientific papers under the topic "The Union's Institutional and Constitutional Transformations: Stress or Adaptation?". The TransSOL project contributed to the conference with a panel on "Transnational Solidarity in Times of Crisis – Challenge or Chance for European Cohesion?" The panel was based upon the notion that solidarity has become a key issue within the European Union. Continued divisions between member states regarding financial solidarity with weak states and a fair distribution of burden-sharing in relation to the high numbers of refugees has revealed the difficulties of living up the standards of solidarity and cohesion recurrently advocated by the EU. The panel aimed at broadening the debate about European solidarity by focusing on 'civic solidarity'. Its main objective was to shed more light on the scope of solidarity at the level of the citizenry and societies in Europe. Existing evidence tends to paint an ambivalent picture, because the rise of solidarity initiatives in many issue fields is as notable as the spread of populist groups and movements across Europe. Against this backdrop, the panel sought to shed light on this underdeveloped research field with the aim of answering a number of basic questions: Does our conceptual and theoretical understanding of solidarity help to address the specificities of European solidarity? How is solidarity affected by its context? And what does transnational solidarity mean at the level of citizens and civil societies?
The papers presented by members of the TransSOL-consortium provided numerous insights in relation to these questions. On the one hand, findings revealed that European solidarity at the citizens' level is conditioned by the scope and structure of organised civil society and the opportunities and constraints provided by the legal and institutional environment. The principle of solidarity and its institutionalisation in the legal system (constitutional and case law) seems to play a key role in this respect. Empirical analyses of the Italian, British, Germany, Danish, and Swiss situation demonstrated that civic solidarity is a growing field of engagement. It is operationalised through a considerable number of initiatives, groups and organisations, and a notable degree of interorganisational networking. However, differences between the issue fields of disabilities, unemployment and refugees indicate that citizens tend to react in a compensatory manner to the most pressing hardships and crises of the domestic and European governance structures. Moreover, civic solidarity is a highly contentious field of action, and thus any research into this subject matter encounters a myriad of antagonistic claims and mobilisations.
The panel on transnational solidarity was very well attended by political scientists and European studies scholars and provided a fruitful occasion for TransSOL members to engage in direct discourse about our research findings with fellow scholars. What is more, the panel discussions confirmed that there is a high demand to understand better the issue of transnational solidarity, its forms, conditions, role models and policy implications.
- Transnational Solidarity within the European Union: Towards a Framework of Analysis (Christian Lahusen, University of Siegen)
- Does Solidarity Shape 'The People' or Do 'The People' Shape Solidarity? A Critical Analysis of the Italian Case within the European Union (Veronica Federico, Nicola Maggini and Ester di Napoli, University of Florence)
- This Sceptred Isle? Britain and the Shrinking Shorelines of Solidarity (Thomas Montgomery and Simone Baglioni, Glasgow Caledonian University)
- New Patterns of Solidarity towards Refugees and Migrants in Germany and Denmark (Deniz Duru, University of Copenhagen, and Ulrike Zschache, University of Siegen)
- Mapping Resilience at Times of Crisis: Practices and Forms of Solidarity in Switzerland (Eva Fernandez and Marco Giugni, University of Geneva)
More information can be found on the conference website.


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Pasco EcoZone System
(We have 4 of these available, but because of demand and scheduling, all may not be available at once.)
The EcoZone System was designed to help students understand the interactions within different ecosystems.The three clear acrylic Eco Chambers are rugged and easy to set up and clean and they are designed to accommodate Pasco sensors to allow quantitative measurement of a wide range of real-time environmental parameters.
- 3 Eco Chambers
- 1 Tray
- Misc. accessories to connect the chambers

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Manufacturing Methods for Sulfur Concrete Sewer Pipe
This Phase I research is intended to evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing low-cost, acid-resistant sanitary sewer pipe from sulfur concrete. Sulfur is an abundant mineral recovered from coking, natural gas processing, and petroleum refining. Secondary recovery of sulfur, resulting from environmental regulation, produces more material than is needed by U.S. industry. The U.S. Bureau of Mines developed a process by which elemental sulfur can be used as a thermal cement with aggregate fillers to make concrete. Sulfur concrete appears to be a good solution to solve the problem of deteriorating sewerage structures made from Portland cement. Portland cement is alkaline and has been found to perform poorly in the acid environment in most sanitary sewer systems. Alternative materials that can solve the problem of premature failure of concrete pipe are expensive. The purpose of this Phase I project is to develop a low-cost alternative to traditional concrete pipe.
Small Business Information at Submission:
Principal Investigator:Dr. D.Y. Lee
Business Contact:Mr. William E. Shook
Brimstone Pipe Company
Brenton Bank Building, P.o. Box 555 Johnston, IA 50131
Number of Employees:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
from the movie:
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
A Troll is a magical creature of prodigious strength and immense stupidity. Trolls generally reach a height of about twelve feet and weigh up to nearly a ton. They are dangerously violent and incredibly aggressive, and then engage in unpredictable behaviour; a bit comparable with giants. Trolls originated in Scandinavia, but are now found all across Europe. Trolls feed on raw flesh, and are not that fussy about what they eat, from animals to even humans.
Troll language is nothing more than simple grunts that only Trolls seem to be able to interpret, though skilled magical multi-linguists such as Barty Crouch can understand them. Trolls understand only a limited number of Human words, and some smarter ones can be skillfully trained as security Trolls. Professor Quirrell had a gift for communicating with Trolls, and then used it to set one loose in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in 1991 in an effort to steal the Philosopher's Stone. A Troll was Quirrell's contribution to guarding the Philosopher's Stone.
Artemius Lawson was an outspoken advocate for the strict restraint of trolls. He thought it was wrong to allow them to roam free, stating that "they were creatures who weighed a ton, but had brains the size of a bogey".


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Impact of participation in a professional learning community on the professional life of a teacher
A professional learning community can sustain school improvement and, thus, positively affect faculty and students. It can also increase student achievement as teachers collaborate and learn together as they take on leadership roles. It can create an environment where new ideas and strategies emerge, cultiivating a collective commitment by the school community to the school's success. ^ This study explored the formulation of a professional learning community and its impact on the educators' professional lives, on students, and on school culture. In this research, a qualitative research approach was used to study a small urban high school in the first year of implementing a professional learning community. Interview data were collected from 3 assistant principals and 11 teachers, all of whom represented a range of experience, age, grade level, and subjects taught at the school. Observations and documents were also used. ^ Several key findings emerged. Most important, the principal's role was essentail to the success in the first year of a professional learning community. His ability to gain the trust of the faculty, create a supportive environment, play the role of negotiator, and honor the vloices of faculty was critical. Skillful facilitation by assistant principals was also shown to enhance the learning community's implementation and growth. Most professional learning community participants agreed that their particpation established new professional relationships with colleagues and reduced feelings of isolation. Student professional learning community participants performed more successfully and also benefited. ^ The results suggest that before schools implement a professional learning community, they should invest in training and supporting designated facilitators, especially in the early stages. A coach/consultant experienced with professional learning communities to support and guide the facilitators during the implementation process, is important for success. Results also indicated that inter-visitations—where teachers visited each other's classrooms—have the potential to improve practice.^ Before initiating a professional learning community, the school's needs must be identified and implementers must be well informed about this practice. More research is needed on the implementation of professional learning communities and their impact on students. Additional case studies of schools that have implemented learning communities are needed.^
Education, Leadership|Education, Teacher Training
Ronni Tobman Michelen,
"Impact of participation in a professional learning community on the professional life of a teacher"
(January 1, 2011).
ETD Collection for Fordham University.


5 Tips For Selling Rural Land
In the past 5 months we have closed on (or has under contract) 43 properties totaling 5,979 acres for approximately $9.1 million dollars.
Here are some tips for a decision you'll feel good about:
Successful Selling
Some successful selling techniques for selling land include preparing all of the land information and documentation upfront, researching possible uses for the land and advertising close to home before launching a far-reaching marketing campaign. Selling land typically involves selling a piece of real estate that does not have a home or other type of building on it, so knowing what buyers want to purchase the land for will be useful in selling it.
Selling an empty plot of land can be difficult because it lacks some of the features and amenities that helps sell a more developed property. One of the first things a land seller should do is gather any documents they have on the property. Property documents include the most recent land survey, title or deed.
Second, review the survey to obtain some of the facts and figures that you will want to use as selling points for the land. This includes the square footage or acreage of the lot, the shape of the lot and anything that sits on the land. While the land may not have an actual building, the land may have other selling points for selling the land, such as a lake, pond, well or sewer system, trees, landscaping, a barn or other selling points. The seller should thoroughly research any zoning options the property may have.
Cropland and Mount Chokaisan


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Words Their Way Homeschool Bundle Level E (Grade 5)
Words Their way teaches children phonics, spelling, and vocabulary. This vocabulary program will keep your child engaged with a colorful 160 page notebook featuring 36 lessons of four pages each, plus an accompanying activity. Each lesson encourages hands-oninvlovement by sorting cards, cutting, classifying, and pasting/categorizing them according to sounds, word families, etc. The bundle includes Student Word Study Notebook, Teacher Resource Guide, Word Sort Envelope, and Parent Guide.


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How do I have vim and a console in the same window? For example, I am splitting up the vim window into multiple windows (vertically or horizontally). What I want is to have the code window on the left side, and the interpreter or console or whatever on the right side, so I can easily switch between them. How does that work? Is there something there for this?
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7 Answers 7
up vote 11 down vote accepted
You probably are looking for GNU Screen.
From this tutorial
Splitting the screen in half horizontally
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This is the most powerful of them all, as you can do n-way splits of any console application in both horizontal and vertical panes. – Mies Nov 21 '09 at 0:43
Oh yeah, for a vertical split, press Ctrl+a |. It follows the same behavior at horizontal splits. – Mies Nov 21 '09 at 0:45
Thanks, this is exactly what I wanted. – hyperboreean Nov 21 '09 at 1:50
Is there a way to actually tell to screen to resize it 70-30 or 60-40%? – hyperboreean Nov 21 '09 at 1:54
You can press Ctrl+a, then :, then type resize N or resize +N where N is the number of lines you want the height to be or +N is the number of lines you want to add to the current height (or -N to decrease). – Dennis Williamson Nov 21 '09 at 3:07
Don't forget the vim quickfix commands for the edit-compile cycle (see :help quickfix and :help make).
Maybe it's a radical suggestion but consider using a tiling window manager. In the following screenshot you can see vim in the left column, with the quickfix window opened, and on the right an xterm used to launch and test the application. The window manager used is called wmii.
alt text
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+1 for wmii, best... window manager... ever :). It's like being on the command line with windows. – chmeee Apr 15 '10 at 12:33
You can also try tmux, which is an alternative to GNU screen and is actively developed. You can set screen like shortcuts and have a nice configurable status bar.
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Check the nice configurable status bar with tmux powerline – Atropo Nov 30 '12 at 8:07
You can use the VIM-Shell patch. This way, you don't have to remember to create a screen session for Vim before editing.
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Instead you just have to remember to patch Vim... – womble Nov 21 '09 at 0:47
Yes, but one usually edit files more often than compiling Vim. – Mikael S Nov 21 '09 at 1:10
Or just reflexively run everything in screen -- it's how I work now. If I'm not in a screen session, it is highly unusual. – David Mackintosh Nov 21 '09 at 1:29
If you don't use vim-specific features (but rather use only vi-compatible commands), you might try vile, a vi clone with intelligent multiple buffer handling, more similar to emacs.
This also has the advantage of allowing you to use your editor inside a screen session without removing your use of any other screen windows.
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You could try the Conque Shell plugin. Haven't tried this yet myself but it's got a high (1:3) rating-to-download ratio, and claims to do just what you want. The actual rating is pretty decent, especially since it's only been around since 2009-09, and only hit version 1.0 in February. The advantage of using this over the VIM-Shell patch is that you don't have to patch vim; you just install the plugin in your ~/.vim directory.
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You may also be interested in trying the Dynamic Virtual Terminal Manager. It does something similar to the screen features highlighted in a previous answer, but is in my opinion easier to work with. Here are some of the default keybindings:
Ctrl+G C Create a new shell window
Ctrl+G X Close focused window
Ctrl+G J Focus next window
Ctrl+G K Focus previous window
Ctrl+G G Organize windows in a grid layout
Ctrl+G T Organize windows in a vertical stack tiling layout
Ctrl+G B Organize windows in a horisontal stack tiling layout
Ctrl+G M Maximize current window (display one window at the time)
Ctrl+G. Minimize current window (show only window title)
DVTM also supports mouse integration; simply click on a terminal window in order to select it. Screenshots are available at the website linked above.
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This question is a follow-up from About Goldbach's conjecture.
As $N_{2}(n)=\sum_{r\leq n}1_{\mathbb{P}}(n-r)1_{\mathbb{P}}(n+r)$, Chebotarev's theorem allows to write:
$$\dfrac{N_{2}(n)}{\pi(n)}\sim \dfrac{N_{1}(n)}{\varphi(P_{ord_C(n)})}$$
So that
$$N_2(n)\sim \pi(n) \dfrac{N_{1}(n)}{\prod_{2\lt p\le \sqrt{2n-3}}(p-1)}$$.
One can easily show that $$N_{1}(n)={\prod_{2\lt p\le \sqrt{2n-3}}(p-2)}\prod_{p\vert n \\ p>2}\dfrac{p-1}{p-2}$$.
Thus one gets
$$N_{2}(n)\sim \pi(n)\dfrac{C}{\log\sqrt{2n-3}}\prod_{p\vert n \\ p>2}\dfrac{p-1}{p-2}$$ and, through the prime number theorem:
$$N_{2}(n)\sim \dfrac{Kn}{\log^{2} n}\prod_{p\vert n \\ p>2}\dfrac{p-1}{p-2}$$ with $K>0$.
As $N_{2}(n)$ is the number $G(2n)$ of couples $(p,q)$ such that $p+q=2n$, $p\leq q$, $p$ and $q$ primes, this shows that
I have been told on a French maths forum that Hardy and Littlewood rigorously proved that if such a $K$ exists, then its value is such that their conjecture sometimes knowns as "extended Goldbach's conjecture" is true. Would you have a reference where this proof is given?
Thanks in advance.
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
This is from Section 4 of Hardy and Littlewood's "On some problems of partitio numerorum III: On the expression of a number as a sum of primes" 1923 Acta Math. 44: 1–70.
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Thank you but I can't access. – Sylvain JULIEN Aug 4 '12 at 21:56
Is there no library that would do an interlibrary loan for you? – Gerry Myerson Aug 4 '12 at 22:57
Finally, I could get the whole article. Thank you again. – Sylvain JULIEN Aug 5 '12 at 11:58
I removed the link given in the answer, as it (inadvertently I suppose) was the link through some proxy of some specific institution, which as such is useful for hardly anybody and might rather cause confusion. – quid Aug 5 '12 at 12:38
That was indeed inadvertent. I replaced the link with a generic link to the Springerlink access point (paywalled).This, however, should work on many institutions networks. – Mark Lewko Aug 5 '12 at 17:20
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Elevation Physiotherapy | breathing
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breathing Tag
Breathing is under-rated. People who lift weights understand that it is important to breath when actually lifting the weight, since holding your breath can increase blood pressure or potentially cause a hernia. It is important to breath with exertion to control the increase in abdominal pressure that happens. Women who work with a pelvic health physiotherapist after they have given birth learn to master core breathing, which is the same exhalation with exertion, but adding a pelvic floor muscle contraction with every exhale. "Core Breathing" is using your breath when you properly contract your pelvic floor muscles with movement. You want to inhale, expand your belly and relax your pelvic floor, then when you exhale, lift and engage your pelvic floor muscles. Try these two exercises:


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Tony has a different color folder for each subject. The colors are: blue, green, purple, yellow, and orange. Read the clues and tell what color each folder is.
- Math and Language Arts are both primary colors.
- The Art folder is not orange.
- Language Arts and Social Studies are both colors that have only one syllable.


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The 2011 Employee Recognition Awards — the Science & Technology Award, the Engineering Award, and the Brookhaven Award — were presented to 16 BNLers at a ceremony and reception held at Berkner Hall on Friday, June 17. Lab Director Sam Aronson warmly congratulated the award recipients and also the rest of the Lab, recognizing support for the extraordinary efforts of the winners. He also noted the simultaneous excellence across the Lab, and particularly thanked those who made this occasion possible and such a success, including the nominators of candidates, members of the committees who selected the winners, and Human Resources & Occupational Medicine Division's Robert Kelly and Mary McGrath.
The six winners of the Science and Technology Award are Sally Dawson, Physics Department; David Diamond, Nuclear Science & Technology Department; Oleg Gang, Center for Functional Nanomaterials; Animesh Jain, Superconducting Magnet Division; Vladimir Litvinenko, Collider Accelerator Department; and José Rodriguez, Chemistry Department. Deputy Lab Director for Science and Technology Doon Gibbs presented the awards, consisting of a plaque and $10,000 each, which are given to recognize distinguished contributions to the Laboratory's mission in each of three broad areas of work, and are the highest accolades given by Brookhaven to its employees. Read about the contributions of the six Science & Technology Award winners below. Articles on the winners of the Engineering and Brookhaven Awards will be featured later this month.
Senior Physicist Sally Dawson is recognized as one of the world's leading theoretical physicists, whose work in high energy theory has strongly influenced more than two decades of particle physics research. Early on, she recognized the importance of the Higgs particle, the critical missing link in the Standard Model of particle physics — its discovery crucial to scientists' understanding of the origin of mass. The Higgs has been pursued at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory's Tevatron, and it is now central to the mission of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Dawson's seminal publications on how to search for the Higgs are a key part of experimental efforts to capture this particle.
In addition, the two papers that Dawson co-authored on top and bottom quark production at colliders have proved essential in interpreting results from the Tevatron and are expected to prove equally useful in understanding the properties of heavy quarks at the LHC. Together, these two papers have already received about 2,000 citations — 500 citations classifies papers as "renowned" in the SPIRES-HEP database of particle physics literature.
Dawson, who joined BNL in 1986, headed the BNL High Energy Theory group from 1998 to 2004, and chaired the BNL Physics Department from 2005 to 2007. She has served as chair of the American Physical Society's Division of Particles and Fields, vice chair of the National Research Council's Decadal Survey on Particle Physics, and chair of the Fermilab Program Advisory Committee.
Senior Nuclear Engineer David Diamond, chief scientist in the Nuclear Science & Technology Department, is recognized for his leadership in developing and applying computational methods to improve the safety of nuclear reactors. These contributions, which require expert knowledge of numerical methods and the physics and engineering of reactor systems, have become the standard for safety analysis in nuclear reactors.
Diamond, who joined BNL in 1968, is widely regarded in the international nuclear engineering community as a leading expert in nuclear reactor dynamics, with a fundamental understanding of the physics of diverse of reactor systems. One aspect of this is his work to simulate how nuclear reactors function under various transient and hypothetical accident conditions — crucial information to assure the safety of both power plants and research reactors. Previously, as head of BNL's Nuclear Energy and Infrastructure Systems Division, he oversaw 25 staff members — including civil, nuclear, mechanical, electrical, and human performance engineers. Diamond is consulted on safety, design and related technical aspects of nuclear reactors, primarily for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, but also for the Department of Energy, the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, the National Research Council, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. His expertise in nuclear reactor safety has been applied to problems in the United States, and also in Argentina, Canada, Finland, Russia, Switzerland, and other countries.
A fellow of the American Nuclear Society, Diamond was honored with the Society's "Tommy" Thompson award in 2010 for "outstanding wisdom and direction to key elements of world nuclear safety activities."
Scientist Oleg Gang of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) and his team demonstrated the use of DNA molecules to assemble three-dimensional ordered arrays of nanoparticles. This groundbreaking research, conducted at the CFN and published in Nature in 2008, brought Gang worldwide recognition as a leader in the field of nanoscience.
The method Gang developed can be used to manipulate the structure — and therefore the properties and potential uses — of many materials at the molecular level. Such fine-tuning of materials promises applications in photovoltaics, energy storage, catalysis, cell-targeted systems for drug delivery, and bio-molecular sensing for environmental monitoring and medical applications.
Since his landmark achievement, Gang has developed a method for high-throughput assembly of nanoparticle clusters, and he has characterized the nanoscale lattices of particles using x-ray facilities at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Also, Gang and his group have made important contributions to rational nanoparticle cluster design and molecularly switchable structures, and to the study of the optical behavior of particle arrays.
Gang earned a Ph.D. in soft matter physics from Bar-Ilan University in 2000, and he was a Rothschild Fellow at Harvard University from 1999 to 2002. After joining BNL as a Goldhaber Fellow in 2002, he became an assistant scientist at the CFN in 2004. He rose through the ranks to become the CFN's leader for Soft Matter and Biomaterials Theme in 2006, and scientist in 2009. Gang has received numerous honors and recognitions, including the 2010 Gordon Battelle Prize for Scientific Discovery.
Physicist Animesh Jain of the Superconducting Magnet Division is recognized for his outstanding achievements in the effort to create a unique system for measuring the magnetic fields of magnets in BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II).
The NSLS-II design calls for magnets that are more accurately made, measured, and positioned than those in previous light sources and that require extremely accurate measurements of their field quality. Also, strong quadrupole and sextupole magnets are placed close enough for their fields to interact. A unique design was needed for a rotating coil sensitive enough to measure the field in the quadrupole and sextupole magnets simultaneously — covering a large range of high order fields, as high as 42-pole, compared to the 30-pole maximum for magnets at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider on which Jain worked when he joined BNL in 1991.
For NSLS-II, Jain devised a unique coil that not only met all the NSLS-II requirements, but also provided redundant data to ensure accuracy. He developed and codified an understanding of the relation between magnet construction errors and the measured harmonics and traveled to help NSLS-II magnet vendors correct errors in magnet production. Jain led work to extend and refine an existing method using a vibrating wire to measure the center of a magnet's field so as to be able to align the centers of the different NSLS-II magnets' fields to within five microns along a four-meter length, and he wrote the code for trained technicians to make these measurements. Jain's excellent leadership, meticulous experimental technique, and excellence in physics and analysis have resulted in a world-leading magnet measurement system at NSLS-II.
Senior Physicist Vladimir Litvinenko of the Collider Accelerator Department was recognized for his outstanding leadership and groundbreaking contributions in research and development (R&D) for a complex new machine that will collide electrons with ions from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This machine, eRHIC, combined with an upgraded RHIC, is strategically important for next-generation nuclear and particle physics programs at BNL and would also open a pathway to future fourth-generation x-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL) light sources.
Litvinenko developed the current vision of eRHIC with a design providing extra-high luminosity, low cost, and many benefits to detectors. His contributions included the idea of small-gap magnets, which will enable the machine to reach extremely high energy while preserving the beam quality. He invented the concept of providing the required high current by a device called a funneling multi-cathode polarized electron gun, and he pioneered an exceptional beam-cooling method called coherent electron cooling, laid its theoretical principles, and derived analytical formulae describing its performance. Other creative contributions included a way to suppress so called "kink" instability characteristic for linac (linear accelerator) based electron-ion colliders like eRHIC.
After joining BNL in 2003, Litvinenko made critical contributions to R&D on the high-energy electron cooling of RHIC and to discoveries in designing high-brightness electron beam injection to an energy recovery linac machine. He also played a key role in the National Synchrotron Light Source II team developing the design philosophy for this unique light source. With colleagues, he also established the Center for Accelerator Science & Education at Stony Brook University and BNL, where he is a co-director and teaches students. In 2004, the International Free Electron Laser (FEL) community awarded him the FEL Prize for his outstanding contributions for FEL science and technology.
During his 20-year career at BNL, Senior Chemist José Rodriguez,


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By Jim Chu, Chief Constable, Vancouver Police Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
n February 2010, the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games were successfully staged in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the resort community of Whistler; and adjoining municipalities. Vancouver became the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Games, and an unprecedented number of athletes, officials, spectators, and celebrants participated in the event, which also was watched by record television audiences. When the Olympics concluded, many compliments were extended to the games' organizers, the volunteers, and, notably, the law enforcement agencies that kept the games safe. This article will highlight the key policing challenges and offer lessons learned on public order–policing practices that apply to any large-scale public event.
Security is always a paramount consideration during the Olympics, and the lead responsibility for the security of the Vancouver 2010 games was given to Canada's national police service, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Early in the process, the RCMP realized that an operation of this scale and magnitude required strong partnerships with local police agencies of jurisdiction and, hence, created the Vancouver 2010 Integrated Security Unit (ISU), which primarily comprised police and military security planners. The overall security budget for the ISU was approximately $555 million.
|Officers work at the Vancouver Police Department's |
emergency operations center.
The policing story of the 2010 Winter Olympics can be broken down into three components:
- The protection of Olympic Games participants (athletes, officials, and spectators)
- The right to freely assemble and protest
- The management of large celebratory crowds
The ISU took responsibility for the security of the official competition venues and several noncompetition venues, including the athletes' villages, the main media center, and the Vancouver International Airport. In addition, the ISU was responsible for athlete transportation security and the protection of internationally protected persons. It is well known that past Olympic Games have attracted terrorists (for example, the 1972 hostage taking and killing of Israeli athletes in Munich, West Germany) and lone-wolf criminals (for example, the 1996 Atlanta park bombing). Numerous heads of state and other internationally protected persons attend. More than 6,000 police officers; 4,500 private security personnel; and 4,000 Canadian military resources were utilized to ensure these official Olympic sites were secure. To fortify venues such as the hockey stadium and ski hills, the ISU created airport-style screening checkpoints for staff and spectators and constructed fence lines with perimeter detection systems and closed-circuit television cameras. Outside the fence lines, security fell to the local police of jurisdiction with ISU resources for support and for national security incidents. The hosting jurisdictions received funding through the ISU to help cover the associated costs of policing the games.
This high level of readiness and security delivered by the ISU resulted in a great outcome of no terrorist or serious criminal acts occurring in any official Olympic site. Overall, venues were safe and secure, and the policing story of the 2010 Winter Olympics shifted from security of the official sites to policing protests and the large celebratory crowds. Within the city of Vancouver, both of these challenges were the responsibility of the Vancouver Police Department (VPD).
The city of Vancouver is considered one of the world's most liberal cities. It has a large concentration of illicit drug users (including users of crack cocaine and heroin) and is home to the first supervised drug-injection site in North America. During the lead-up to the games, activist groups in Vancouver made public accusations that Vancouver police would cleanse the city and suppress dissent by
- sweeping the streets clean of the mentally ill and poor people,
- kidnapping homeless people and shipping them out of town,
- kicking in doors of homes and businesses to take away signs that criticized the Olympics, and
- beating and arresting protesters.
The local branch of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association initiated a legal observer program for volunteers to receive special training in law; first aid (to help people beaten by the police); and use of video recorders to capture what the association claimed would be inevitable instances of excessive force by police. To counter these allegations, senior police officers from the VPD and the ISU went on public record and met with these groups to reiterate that the right to protest, which is guaranteed under Canadian law, would be upheld by the police and that no special measures to sweep the streets would occur. The activist groups remained relentless with their condemnations of the police, and the news media reported on these criticisms.
The Canadian Constitution guarantees rights such as freedom of assembly, thought, religion, and expression. Approximately three times a week and throughout the year, protests are held in Vancouver with causes ranging from local issues (for example, the environment and homelessness) to international issues (for example, oppression in Iran and antiglobalization). One of the larger Critical Mass rides for freedom to ride bicycles occurs in the city's downtown core. All of these events take place without serious incident, and, overall, the VPD has a strong track record of facilitating lawful protests.
|Police face protesters at the 2010 Winter Olympics |
The first test of the VPD approach to protests occurred two days before the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. Prime Minister Stephen Harper was in Vancouver and wanted to attend a Chinese New Year celebration in a Chinatown community center. Protesters who were in disagreement over his administration's opposition to the supervised injection site quickly marshalled 200 agitated protesters and blocked the entrance to the community center. They used chains and tape to lock the doors. The VPD police commander at the scene decided to allow the protest to continue, and after the protesters made their point with the news cameras, they withdrew and VPD officers removed the tape and chains from around the doors.
The next day had protest groups looking for key places along the Olympic Torch Relay to disrupt the procession. They laid down barbed wire and blockaded intersections. The torch was rerouted around these blockades and instead of the image of armed and helmeted police arresting protesters, the media reported on school children and war veterans who missed the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see the torch because of the "selfish" protesters.1
The next day, just prior to the opening ceremony, 1,500 chanting protesters wound their way through Vancouver streets and were shadowed by VPD bicycle patrol officers. While traffic disruptions were tolerated, a preplanned decision was made that the opening ceremony would not be interrupted. The proverbial "line in the sand" was drawn on the street outside a stadium that was filled with 60,000 spectators and athletes.
The protesters were stopped by 350 officers from the VPD and the ISU/RCMP. The VPD officers were specially trained officers from the Crowd Control Unit (CCU), who locked arms and would not let the crowd move closer to the stadium. They were backed by officers on horseback and arrest teams. The CCU commander deployed his officers in soft hats without face shields.
As the night went on, the composition of the protest groups became clearer. Some were idealistic people who wanted to peacefully express their personal beliefs. This included Native Indian elders, seniors against poverty, and environmentalists. The same crowd also contained approximately 100 anarchists and criminals who practiced a technique called Black Bloc. This tactic is used by anarchists who cover their faces and heads with black, ninja-style masks to make it difficult to identify them when they commit criminal acts.
As dusk descended, this large crowd surged several times, but the police line held steady. The criminal protesters became frustrated. They wanted police officers to wade into their ranks and start fights with them. They wanted the image of a police officer hitting a protester with a baton. They wanted to get tear gassed. They wanted the news media to record images of the police battling protesters, like what happened at the 1999 Seattle World Trade Organization (WTO) riots, the 1997 Vancouver Asia Pacific Economic Conference (APEC) confrontations, and the 2001 Quebec City Summit of the Americas riots. The anarchists spat into the faces of the frontline officers. They threw barricades and tried to incite the legitimate protesters to violence by shouting "The police are beating the elders!" and other lies.
One woman on the front line was 53-year-old Shena Meadowcroft, who was personally against the government spending on the Olympics. Her account in an e-mail to the Vancouver police chief provides the best description of the restraint shown by the integrated public-order officers.
I myself spent the better part of an hour or more face to face with several police officers. I will never forget how extraordinarily well I was treated by them. I wish that I could personally thank each and every one of the police officers who showed the utmost concern to my well-being that night. I was continually offered an opportunity to leave, and when I expressed my need to remain where I was, my needs were respected. Even while there was intense pushing and shoving on both sides, several of the officers kept asking me if I was OK.
Your officers were continuously insulted and spat upon, screamed at. At no time did I see any of them respond with anything but civility and politeness. What I can say is that no one deserves the continual berating and harassment, obscenities and personal attacks that these officers were subject to that night.
The opening ceremony protest was volatile and could have erupted into violence and mass arrests that would have overshadowed the event. Fortunately, the night ended peacefully. There was only one arrest; no protesters were injured, although two police officers had minor injuries. The news media reported on the exceptional restraint shown by the police, and the civil liberties "legal observers" had nothing to record.
|Officers approach protesters in the Heart Attack march |
in Vancouver's downtown.
The


text:
PerfWorks has now been replaced with an updated C++ API and a new name - NVIDIA® Nsight™ Perf SDK. You can find more information about it and download from here. The new NSight Perf SDK supports NVIDIA GPU Architectures from Volta through the latest Ampere chips. The API is easy to use and integrate into your application.
PerfWorks is a C++ API used for GPU performance analysis on NVIDIA GPUs. PerfWorks allows developers the ability to instrument an application and to access low-level performance metrics on NVIDIA GPUs. PerfWorks delivers these metrics in order to give developers the ability to recognize top performance limiters quickly and make appropriate application changes to remove the associated bottlenecks. These metrics can be collected over user ranges, draw calls or dispatches. There are four metric categories including: cumulative work, timing, activity and throughput.
- Cumulative work includes work achieved over time such as number of shaded pixels
- Timing refers to time duration or average clock rate calculations that make it easier to understand a scenario.
- Activity tells you where the GPU is stalled and where the GPU is active.
- Throughput refers to the rate of operations e.g. the number of instructions executed.
PerfWorks is the successor to NVIDIA's Perfkit. PerfWorks adds range based profiling and it supports next generation APIs featuring multi-threaded GPU work submission. GPU generations supported by PerfWorks includes Maxwell, Pascal and future generations when available. PerfWorks is used by NVIDIA internal tools including: Tegra Graphics Debugger, Nsight Visual Studio Edition and other future products.
- Support for collecting Graphics Metrics. See Figure 1 below.
- Support for collecting Compute Metrics. See Figure 2 below.
- These Compute Metrics can be Compute-Bound, Memory Bound or Latency-Bound.
- Range Based Profiling
- Other tools profile one kernel or draw-call at a time. However, with PerfWorks a developer can profile them as a range therefore allowing for inherent parallelism of execution.
- Multi-Pass Profiling
- The hardware has a limited number of physical counters. To collect more than the physical limit, PerfWorks requires the application to deterministically replay the GPU work multiple times. During each replay the application must make the same GPU calls with the same range delimiters and a different set of counters is collected.
- D3D12 Support
- Supports multithreaded GPU work submission. D3D12 is a different way of coding than CUDA or OpenGL.
- Support for nvperf
- nvperf is a command line tool for offline querying of PerfWorks metrics


".
 - This is different from "i.e." -- I dot E dot -- which is used to add clarity to something.
 - So it means that you say something, and then you want to say it again but maybe in different
 - words. So that sort of means "that is". So you restate an idea. For example, "This happened
 這就有點像"that is"也就是說的意思。你會重申這個概念。例如"這件事發生在
 - on Halloween, i.e. October 31st." Okay? So it just clarifies something. It makes something
 萬聖節，也就是，10月31日。 了解? 這是要澄清某件事。這讓一些概念
 - more clear. You have the same point, but you're repeating it, in a sense, in different words.
 - Okay? So "i.e." does not mean "example".
 了解?所以 "i.e."不代表"example舉例"
 - No. 9, "etc." -- E-T-C. So again, that means "et cetera". And what does this mean? When
 第九個 "etc."--E-T-C. 這代表"et cetera" 意思是什麼呢? 當
 - you're listing a bunch of different things, you have many, many things to say, you can
 - use this to mean "and so forth". Okay? So this -- seven, eight, and nine are all used
 用這個代表 "and so forth 等" 了解? 這個--八九不離十，都是用在
 - in writing, not in speech. If I read "etc.", an example of this would be, "Today, I went
 寫作上，而不是在對話中。如果我說 "etc."，例如，"今天，我去
 - grocery shopping. I bought many things. I bought eggs, bread, milk, chicken, juice,
 - etc." So it means I'm listing a long list -- instead of saying every single thing I
 - bought, which can take me a long time, "etc." means "and so forth". Okay? "I play many sports.
 因為這可能會花很多時間，"etc."就意味等等"and so forth" 了解? "我做很多種運動
 - I play soccer; I play baseball, tennis, badminton, etc." Okay? So it means "and so forth".
 我玩足球、棒球、網球、羽球，等等。" 了解? 這代表 "and so forth等等"
 - Finally, No. 10, "ATM". What is an "ATM"? It stands for "automatic teller machine",
 最後，第十個，"ATM"什麼是"ATM"呢? 它是"automatic teller machine"的縮寫
 - okay? "ATM" is a machine. You usually find it at the bank, or you can find it sometimes
 了解? "ATM"是個機器。你通常會在銀行看到，或是有時在
 - in stores, on the street. And it's like a bank. You put in your debit card, and it gives
 - you money. So it's a machine that gives you money, and it's associated with your bank.
 - Okay? So you might ask, "Where's the closest ATM?" "Are there any ATMs in this mall?" Meaning,
 了解? 所以你可能會問"最近的提款機在哪裡?" "這個商場有任何提款機嗎?"意思是
 - "Are there any bank machines?" Okay?
 "有提款機嗎?" 了解?
 - So I hope you come and visit our website at ASAP, okay? As soon as you
 - can. As soon as possible. There, you will find our quiz. You can practice all of these
 - abbreviations and more. So until next time.
已審核 字幕已審核
B1 中級 中文 縮寫 代表 派對 回覆 安息 銀行
【實用】ASAP 是什麼！十個你應該知道的英文縮寫 (Learn English: 10 Abbreviations You Should Know)
 - _PHONE_
 VoiceTube 發佈於 2016 年 09 月 11 日


ished. By the World's Columbian Exposition 22 years later, Chicago hosted more than 21 million visitors. The Palmer House hotel burned to the ground in the fire 13 days after its grand opening. Its developer Potter Palmer secured a loan and rebuilt the hotel to higher standards across the street from the original, proclaiming it to be "The World's First Fireproof Building".
Questions about the fire[edit]
The cow and fire story is the story which puts the blame on Catherine O'Leary; it is explained by Richard F. Bales. A fire broke out in the barn of Patrick and Catherine O'Leary and began to spread through Chicago. As the fire was still burning the fingers began to be pointed at Mrs. O'Leary and her cow. The story states that the fire began as Mrs. O'Leary was milking a cow and the cow kicked over the lamp which began the fire by setting the straw on fire which set the barn on fire. This was denied by the O'Leary household stating that they were already in bed before the fire started, but stories of the cow began to spread across the city. O'Leary was later exonerated.[26]
Chicago Tribune editorial
The amateur historian Richard Bales has suggested the fire started when Daniel "Pegleg" Sullivan, who first reported the fire, ignited hay in the barn while trying to steal milk.[27] Anthony DeBartolo reported evidence in the Chicago Tribune suggesting that Louis M. Cohn may have started the fire during a craps game.[28] According to Cohn, on the night of the fire, he was gambling in the O'Learys' barn with one of their sons and some other neighborhood boys. When Mrs. O'Leary came out to the barn to chase the kids away at around 9:00, they knocked over a lantern in their flight, although Cohn states that he paused long enough to scoop up the money. Following his death in 1942, Cohn bequeathed $35,000 which was assigned by his executors to the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University. The bequest was given to the school on September 28, 1944, along with his confession.
But as meteorites are not known to start or spread fires and are cool to the touch after reaching the ground, this theory has not found favor in the scientific community.[31][32] A common cause for the fires in the Midwest can be found in the fact that the area had suffered through a tinder-dry summer, so that winds from the front that moved in that evening were capable of generating rapidly expanding blazes from available ignition sources, which were plentiful in the region.[33][34] Methane-air mixtures become flammable only when the methane concentration exceeds 5%, at which point the mixtures also become explosive.[35][36] Methane gas is lighter than air and thus does not accumulate near the ground;[36] any localized pockets of methane in the open air would rapidly dissipate. Moreover, if a fragment of an icy comet were to strike the Earth, the most likely outcome, due to the low tensile strength of such bodies, would be for it to disintegrate in the upper atmosphere, leading to an air burst explosion analogous to that of the Tunguska event.[37]
Surviving structures[edit]
Related events[edit]
In popular culture[edit]
 - The City of Chicago and Redmoon Theater partnered up to create The Great Chicago Fire Festival. The festival was held on October 4, 2014 with the intention of it possibly becoming an annual event, however the festival itself fell victim to technical difficulties as replicas of 1871 houses on floating barges in the Chicago River failed to ignite property due to electrical problems and heavy rain on the proceeding days.
See also[edit]
Panorama of Chicago after the 1871 Fire[edit]
Image attributed to Nick Bernhard.
 3. ^ "The O'Leary Legend". Chicago History Museum. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
 5. ^ {|Murphy, Jim. The Great Fire. U.S.A: Scholastic Inc, 1995. Book.|}
 12. ^ Abbott, Karen. "What (or Who) Caused the Great Chicago Fire?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
 23. ^ Chicago Landmarks. retrieved December 14, 2006
 26. ^ Richard F.Bales, "Did the Cow Do It? A New Look at the Cause of the Great Chicago Fire, "Illinois Historical Journal 90 no.1 (Spring 1997): p. 2,3,11.University of Illinois Press,
 28. ^ DeBartolo, Anthony (1997 & 1998). "Who Caused The Great Chicago Fire: The Cow? Or Louis M. Cohn?". Hyde Park Media. Chicago Tribune. Check date values in: |date= (help)
 31. ^ Calfee, Mica (February 2003). "Was It A Cow Or A Meteorite?". Meteorite Magazine 9 (1). Retrieved 2011-11-10.
 37. ^ Beech, M. (November 2006). "The Problem of Ice Meteorites". Meteorite Quarterly 12 (4): 17–19. Retrieved 2011-11-13.
 38. ^ WBEZ: Cider House Story []
 39. ^ WBEZ: Cider House Story []
 41. ^ a b Wilkins, A. (2012-03-29). "October 8, 1871: The Night America Burned". Gawker Media. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]


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Apple Fingerprint Scanner Patent Describes Hidden iPhone Bezel Sensor
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Apple was today granted a patent showing the design of the fingerprint scanner which is rumoured to feature on its next-generation iPhone. The patent also suggests that Apple plans to bring this security feature to MacBooks and other devices, Patently Apple reports.
As the patent description reveals, the fingerprint scanner might be integrated directly into the bezel of a device, so the user just swipes a finger over a surface of the sensor to authenticate. The scanner will need to capture a certain percentage of thin strips of the fingerprint to match it with the already assembled full fingerprint stored in the software to grant access to the user.
The patent defines the bezel as "a unitary, substantially uniformly composed structure, most typically metal or conductive plastic". In Apple's vision, the die and the bezel are encased in a "unitary encapsulation structure", which protects the elements from damage, exposing only a portion of the surface of the die and the bezel.
Watch the Latest Apple Technology News Below
fingerprint scanner
As you can see from the above image, the bezels are in discrete arch-shaped (or inverted "U"-shaped) metal structures, which may be individually secured to bezel receiving regions.
biometric sensor-Apple
The sensor, as pictured above, will be sized to fit the average user's fingertip.
The patent application (no. 20130154031) was originally filed in the first quarter of this year, and Robert Bond, Alan Kramer, and Giovanni Gozzini are credited as the inventors.
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Writing down the exercises you perform during your workout can help maximize your results. A weekly workout chart keeps track of the exercises you've done and keeps you from overexercising the same muscle groups. Additionally, it shows the progress you've made over time, and when you're new to exercise it helps you identify which muscles are targeted by the exercises you're doing. Although there are many workout charts available online, making your own chart allows you to customize it to your own workout.
Items you will need
 - Paper
 - Pencil
 - Ruler
 - Eraser
 - Clipboard
Step 1
Turn a blank, 8 1/2-inch by 11-inch piece of paper so the longer margin is horizontal.
Step 2
Draw a large square on the page that's about 1-inch from the borders. Use a pencil and ruler and have an eraser nearby in case you make mistakes.
Step 3
Draw a horizontal line about 1-inch from the top of the square.
Step 4
Divide the large square into five equal-sized columns and six even rows.
Step 5
Write the name of your chart at the top-center of the page outside the square. You can name it My Weight Training Routine or Joe's Exercise Chart. Write "Start Date" and "End Date" in the upper left-hand corner. Leave enough space so you can fill in the dates.
Step 6
Title the five columns in the 1-inch bar at the top of the square. Name them from left to right with "Muscle Group," "Exercises," "Sets & Reps," "Pounds Lifted" and "Notes."
Step 7
Write "Biceps," "Chest," "Triceps," "Back," "Shoulders" and "Legs" in the six squares under the muscle group column -- one muscle group per square.
Step 8
Make copies of the chart and keep your original as the master copy.
Step 9
Attach your workout chart to a clipboard so you can easily write on it. Before your workout, write the start time of your workout and the starting and ending date of the week in the designated areas.
Step 10
Enter the name of the exercise in the specific area on the chart for the muscle you're training. For instance, if you're training biceps, write "Dumbbell Curls" under exercises. Fill in the number of sets and repetitions that were completed and how much weight was lifted. In the notes area, write any details about the exercise -- was it difficult or easy? Did you need a spotter? Did you make progress? When finished with your workout, log the ending time in the upper left-hand corner.
 - If desired, adjust your workout chart to include cardiovascular exercise, calories burned and cool-down and warm-up activities.
About the Author
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 - Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images


Le monstre « classique », un trompe-l'oeil? Atys, « tragédie en musique », et l'esthétique baroque
Christian Grünnagel
Atys, one of Jean-Baptiste Lully's operas (libretto by Philippe Quinault) that experienced a sort of revival stemming from the Arts Florissants' production in 1987, is typically taken by scholars and spectators as the representative example of its genre, the so-called "tragédie en musique." This article analyzes the presence of the monster and monstrosity in act five from a literary point of view, elements regarded traditionally as incompatible with the aesthetics of French classicism. It is, however, possible to come to a "baroque" re-interpretation of Atys, bearing in mind the myth-based plot of this opera which features not only Foucault's "monster" par excellence of the Grand Siècle, i.e., the hermaphrodite, but also includes the monstre sacré of Italian opera, the castrato.
Jean-Baptiste Lully (Lulli); Philippe Quinault; Atys; tragédie en musique; tragédie lyrique; French opera; monster; monstrosity; hermaphroditism; castration; castrato; haute-contre; classicism; baroque
DOI: _URL_
_URL_ - ISSN: 2191-642X


text:
Using distribution servers
A distribution server publishes content received from another streaming source, such as another Windows Media server. Any computer running Windows Media Services can operate as a distribution server. The origin server is the source of the content being streamed by the distribution server. Clients then connect to the distribution server as if it were the origin server. Distribution servers are located between the origin server and the client in the content stream and are therefore able to perform several different functions, such as:
Load balancing. Distribution servers are an easy way to reduce the client load on your Windows Media server because you can distribute the client content requests to several servers on your network.
Network security policies. A distribution server can be placed inside your network firewall and source from an origin server that is outside your firewall, providing clients inside your firewall with access to the content without opening additional ports. Alternatively, a distribution server can be placed outside the network firewall and source from an origin server that is inside the firewall, providing clients that are outside the firewall with access to your content.
Server rollover. You can use distribution servers when multicasting content to clients that are on multicast-enabled networks. Clients that are not on multicast-enabled networks can be redirected to another distribution server for standard unicast delivery of the content.


text:
The Funeral Service Foundation has just released the results of its "Bleeding Edge" research project with world renowned Olson-Zaltman Associates simultaneously revealing both disturbing and encouraging insights.
Recognizing that the growth of cremation has more than doubled (leaping from 1% to more than 2% annually in the last several years) The Funeral Service Foundation commissioned the unconventional market research using the patented ZMET process to study:
THE MARKET WE ARE LOSING.
The ZMET process is an unconventional approach to market research focused on uncovering the unconscious metaphors consumers use to relate with and make choices about a given service or product. Olson Zaltman developed the process while its founders were still professors at Harvard and Penn State in the 1990's. It has since been embraced by a veritable "who's-who" of Global companies, universities, non-profits and governments.
The results didn't so much tell us anything new as they revealed how we are unintentionally reinforcing negative stereotypes which may be causing the market to seek out alternatives.
The Foundation will be rolling out the results of this research at the upcoming NFDA Convention TUESDAY OCTOBER 9 AT 7:30 AM. (SEE NOTE BELOW) in a program entitled:
Breaking the Consumer Code: New Insights Into Ways Consumers Really Think About Funerals
The program will cover the findings and attempt to identify the far-reaching implications for us and how the profession needs to begin the process of transformation over the next 5 or more years to remain relevant in this NEW NORMAL.
Attendees will learn:
- Why 99% of funeral home facilites reinforce consumer attitudes toward death and what you can do to transform
- Why conventional funeral home advertising not only reinforces negative stereotypes but may be driving consumers to look for alternatives
- How consumers are projecting their feelings about death onto practitioners and how we need to reposition ourselves to change that perception
- What is most important to "Baby Boomers" and how they want to be integrated into the planning process for their parents and themselves
- How our profession is experiencing its own grief cycle as it grapples with the transformation of its livelihood
- The NEXT STEPS FAMIC and The Foundation are taking to make resources available to practitioners to facilitate their adaptation


text:
You can type or hand write as well as sketch drawings in OneNote.
With OneNote, you can enter typed and handwritten notes and other information with a keyboard or an inking device such as a mouse, a Tablet PC, or a graphics tablet.
If you use a Tablet PC, handwritten notes can be converted into text (handwriting recognition). If you're using OneNote on a desktop or laptop, you can still use an inking device, or simply, "ink," for writing or drawing, but handwriting recognition is not available. Also, keep in mind that hand writing with a mouse is very difficult and is not recommended.
As with paper, you can write (or type) anywhere on a OneNote page. Just click and write. The inking technology is really great if you'd like to include sketches or diagrams; you can doodle away as you would on paper.


text:
fast little loans
Rome - For centuries, the life of Giotto, considered the father of European painting, has been wrapped in mystery. His exact birth date was not known, his remains were never found.
Now, an Italian anthropology expert claims that he has identified a skeleton unearthed 30 years ago beneath Florence's Duomo cathedral as Giotto's.
A chalk reconstruction based on analyses of the skull shows a strong resemblance to a presumed self-portrait of the master in Giotto's famous cycle of frescoes in Padua's Scrovegni Chapel, Francesco Mallegni told The Associated Press in a telephone interview on Thursday.
Some Italian scholars expressed scepticism. Mallegni said he plans to make DNA tests on the skeleton's teeth to back up his claim.
An anthropology and paleontology professor at the universities of Pisa and Palermo, Mallegni said that he studied the bones for three months.
Results of the analyses portray a short, squarely built man, with a huge head and a hooked nose, Mallegni said. The bones show signs of osteoporosis, corroborating the theory that Giotto died quite old, perhaps at the age of 70, in 1337.
Also found on the skeleton were high levels of aluminum, arsenic, zinc, lead and other chemical elements used in paints in the 14th century materials that Giotto's body probably would have absorbed during his lifetime.
"All the pieces in the jigsaw puzzle fit," Mallegni said.
Bones of the neck show a contraction, suggesting that the man spent a lot of time looking upward, perhaps at frescoes, the professor said. Analyses of the teeth suggest that the man may have held a paintbrush in his mouth, he said.
The research also indicates that he ate a lot of meat, a sign that he was well off.
Considered the father of European painting, Giotto achieved great personal fame in his lifetime. His works point to the innovations of the Renaissance style that developed a century later.
The Scrovegni Chapel's frescoes are considered his masterpiece. Three years before he died, he started working on Florence's bell tower which bears his name.
Mallegni said that the skeleton was not very well preserved. It was found, along with 14th-century coins, in a grave of the Church of Santa Reparata, which was later replaced by the Duomo cathedral. When Giotto died, Santa Reparata was still in use while the cathedral was being built around it.
The skeleton had been studied before, but could not be identified.
Mallegni's theory has been received with some scepticism by other Italian scholars.
Art historian Alessandro Parronchi told the Milan daily Corriere della Sera that the chalk reconstruction used is not realistic. He also pointed out that the Scrovegni Chapel painting used for the comparison may not be Giotto's self-portrait - a long-standing doubt that has divided experts.
Others have said that the skeleton might belong to another painter active in Florence in the 1300s. - Sapa-Ap


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Exempt specimen: Specimens for which there is minimal likelihood that pathogens are present.
Excepted specimen: Substances which do not contain infectious substances or substances which are unlikely to cause disease in humans or animals. Substances in a form that any present pathogens have been neutralized or inactivated such that they no longer pose a health risk.
*The shipping core will classify your samples accordingly.
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text:
OL is an abbreviation for:
Find a translation for OL in other languages:
Select another language:
What does OL mean?
- a suffix used in the names of chemical derivatives, representing "alcohol" (glycerol; naphthol; phenol), or sometimes "phenol" or less definitely assignable phenol derivatives (resorcinol).


text:
Hot on the heels of the recent Ipsos Mori research that showed a shift to more positive views on the impact of immigration over the last two years, a new report from independent trust Power to Change reveals that the role of migrant communities is indeed one to celebrate; for their positive influence on business start-up rates.
The new report Neighbourhood Economic Models finds that start-up rates for small businesses are higher than average in areas where:
- recent immigration from inside and outside the EU is higher
- income and education standards among residents are higher
- levels of opportunity within a community is higher, even where income is relatively low (measured by the number of children on free school meals going on to higher education)
Neighbourhood Economic Models concludes that migration rates, along with the social class mix and equality of opportunity for local people, can help generate jobs and opportunities in areas where there is too little of both.
Genevieve Maitland Hudson, Head of Evaluation and Impact Assessment at Power to Change, said:
"This research can help us answer questions which have long dogged government, about making sure local economies really thrive.
"If we follow the evidence we can see that entrepreneurial ideas are more likely to emerge in places where migrants have chosen to settle, and where there are already skilled people and a sense of opportunity. These start-up businesses have the potential to help generate local jobs and create income for that community. We need to think hard about how to sustain that entrepreneurial buzz and maintain a healthier local economy."
Neil Reeder, author of the report and Director of Head and Heart Economics, said:
"Enterprise is at its strongest when there is co-operation in the community. Help and advice from those nearby when their business is fragile and under pressure, and openness to ideas and inspiration from around the world generate local jobs.
"The Brexit vote, and reactions to that vote, have shown that neither aspect of co-operation can be taken for granted. But the recent opinion polls show views can change. There is a huge amount to do, not least in devising and implementing new ways for enterprises of all sizes to access global relationships and insights."
Power to Change is an independent trust, whose funding is used to strengthen community businesses across England. At a time when many parts of the UK face cuts, neglect and social problems, we are helping local people come together to take control, and make sure their local areas survive and stay vibrant.


Gabon to Decriminalize Being LGBTQ?
by Kilian Melloy
EDGE Staff Reporter
Tuesday June 30, 2020
The Central African country of Gabon has taken steps toward decriminalizing LGBTQ people, reports Radio France Internationale. The moves are an about-face from a law passed less than a year ago that made same-sex relationships illegal.
The lower hour of the Gabon parliament voted to strike the anti-gay law on June 23, Radio France Internationale reported. That vote was followed by a similar vote in the senate on June 29, Reuters reports.
Many African nations have laws on the books stemming from colonial periods that outlaw same-sex relationships and criminalize sex between people of the same gender. One of the most notorious nations in Africa for its anti-gay laws is Uganda, where a "Kill the Gays" bill was introduced after a rally organized by American anti-LGBTQ evangelicals.
Human Rights Watch researcher Neela Ghoshal told Reuters in late 2019, after the passage of the anti-LGBTQ law, that "a lot of African countries have claimed and owned those homophobic, colonial values, but others haven't," noted Radio France Internationale.
Even at the time, Ghosal predicted that positive changes would come to Africa in the next decade, saying, "In general, across the continent, things are moving more in the right direction than in the wrong direction."
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text:
Distance from Baltimore: 55 miles, about an hour and 15 minutes by car Why it's worth the gas: More than 200 years ago, the first U.S.-born saint began a ministry here in the mountains of Western Maryland. The Seton National Shrine honors Elizabeth Ann Seton, who took vows as a nun after converting to Catholicism, moved from New York to Baltimore to launch a Catholic school for girls, then left for Emmitsburg to found what became the American province of the Daughters of Charity. She was canonized in 1975 by Pope Paul VI. Don't miss: The National Shrine Grotto of Our Lady Lourdes is the oldest known replica of the revered French shrine. Visitors can attend Mass, light a candle or collect Holy Water. Visit the chapel, above, where an image of Elizabeth Ann Seton is shown in stained glass. Information:Seton National Shrine, 333 South Seton Ave., Emmitsburg. Go to _URL_.
Chiaki Kawajiri, The Baltimore Sun
Copyright © 2018, Hartford Courant


text:
Nanomaterials Special Interest Group
The mission of the Nanomaterials SIG is to advocate for and organize the exchange of ideas involving the unique science and technology present in biomaterials at the nanoscale. By focusing on science, the SIG will champion the continual push to uncover new knowledge at the nanoscale and connect this to macroscale properties and behaviors of biomaterials. Through its focus on technology, the SIG will foster innovative design and synthesis of nanobiomaterials useful in the creation of new and better devices, diagnostics and therapeutics for biomedical applications. The SIG emphasizes an interdisciplinary vision to facilitate the translation of nanomaterials to achieve intended biological significance and medical impact
Establish the NanoSIG to become a thought leader in the nanobiomaterials research community by emphasizing nanoscience discovery, nanotechnology application, and clinical translation innovation.
- Compile and disseminate a list properties and interactions relevant to biomaterials that exist at the nanoscale (but are absent in molecular or bulk states).
- Identify key issues in nanotoxicity and regulatory hurdles.
- Promote the design and development of bio-interactive nanomaterials that can respond to pathophysiological signals to achieve biological specificity in imaging diagnosis and therapy.
- Promote the integration of imaging with nanomaterials research to establish theranostic nanocomposite materials.
- Promote the translation of nanomaterials to medical implants and devices for better clinical performance.
- Promote the utilization of national nanotechnology centers by the biomaterials community.
- Foster the development and use of multiscale modeling in connecting nanoscale structures and phenomena with macroscale systems in biology and medicine.


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Managing Environmental Systems
Growing populations, rapid urbanisation and increased consumption put unprecedented pressure on land, water and air resources. We show how to manage these resources together to protect food security, human health and biodiversity.
Managing Environmental Systems sub-themes
Click on the menus to the right to access related publications, news, projects and contact persons.
All this undermines the ability of ecosystems to provide the services that function as the basis for social and economic development.
Human health, ecosystems and economic development are threatened by:
- pollution of air and water resources
- rapidly growing demand for water resources
- lack of appropriate and sustainable sanitation systems.
Worldwide food security can be improved by combining conservation agriculture, water harvesting and productive sanitation. However, poor management of soil and water resources contributes to global environmental change, and undermines the resilience needed to deal with social and environmental shocks.
SEI helps to:
- identify sustainable pathways to reach the Millennium Development Goals
- enhance food security for an expected global population of nine billion people by 2050
- reduce health impacts caused by air pollution and lack of sustainable sanitation
- balance trade-offs between the ecosystem services provided by land, water and biodiversity and the provision of food, fibre and fuel
Read more about Managing Environmental Systems on the theme factsheet...


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Vision, Mission, Core Principles
 1. CAIR supports free enterprise, freedom of religion and freedom of expression.
 2. CAIR is committed to protecting the civil rights of all Americans, regardless of faith.
 3. CAIR supports domestic policies that promote civil rights, diversity and freedom of religion.
 7. CAIR believes the active practice of Islam strengthens the social and religious fabric of our nation.
 8. CAIR condemns all acts of violence against civilians by any individual, group or state.
 9. CAIR advocates dialogue between faith communities both in America and worldwide.
 10. CAIR supports equal and complementary rights and responsibilities for men and women.
The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) is a grassroots civil rights and advocacy group. CAIR is America's largest Muslim civil liberties organization, with regional offices nationwide. CAIR's national headquarters are on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C.
Since its establishment in 1994, CAIR has worked to promote a positive image of Islam and Muslims in America. Through media relations, government relations, education and advocacy, CAIR puts forth an Islamic perspective to ensure the Muslim voice is represented. In offering this perspective, CAIR seeks to empower the American Muslim community and encourage their participation in political and social activism.
Civil Rights Work
CAIR's civil rights department counsels, mediates and advocates on behalf of Muslims and others who have experienced religious discrimination, defamation or hate crimes. The department works to protect and defend the constitutional rights of American Muslims, thereby supporting the rights of all Americans.
Government Affairs
CAIR's government affairs department conducts and organizes lobbying efforts on issues related to Islam and Muslims. The department monitors legislation and government activities and responds on behalf of the American Muslim community. CAIR representatives have testified before Congress and have sponsored a number of activities designed to bring Muslim concerns to Capitol Hill.
Media Relations
CAIR's communications department works with local and national media to ensure an accurate portrayal of Islam and Muslims is presented to the American public. CAIR monitors local, national and international media, in part to challenge negative stereotypes, but also to applaud and encourage positive representations of Islam and Muslims. Over the years, CAIR has become a respected and credible source for journalists and other media professionals.
Action Alerts
In an effort to empower the American Muslim community, CAIR issues action alerts as a means of generating a grassroots response to critical political, social and media-related issues. These alerts have produced overwhelming results and have made a significant impact in bringing about change. CAIR also offers an email list designed to be a source of information and news for the American Muslim community. Subscribers to the CAIR e-mail lists receive news releases and other materials dealing with American Muslim positions on issues of importance.
CAIR's research team conducts empirical research studies on subjects relevant to the American Muslim community, including gathering and analyzing data for the annual civil rights report. The North American Muslim Resource Guide: Muslim Community Life in the United States and Canada (Routledge) is a product of the research department.
CAIR offers internships to students or other interested individuals who wish to gain experience in media relations, political activism or civil rights work.
CAIR Publications
CAIR offers a variety of publications that address the needs and rights of American Muslims. These publications include guides for employers, educators, healthcare providers, correctional facilities, and law enforcement officials. CAIR also produces practical handbooks and resource materials for the Muslim community.
Education: Conferences, Seminars and Workshops
CAIR organizes regular conferences and training seminars for government and law enforcement agencies, media professionals and the academic community. These events are designed to present easily accessible and accurate information about Islam and Muslims. CAIR provides diversity training workshops to employers, educators, and organizations as a proactive approach that highlights relevant Islamic practices and offers suggestions for religious accommodation. CAIR also provides training for the Muslim community and activists in areas such as media relations, public speaking, lobbying, and civil rights.
Voter Registration
In order to increase Muslim participation in the political arena, CAIR and its chapters regularly sponsor voter registration drives across the country. To register to vote, visit our website.
Outreach and Interfaith Relations
Each year, groups representing people of all faiths visit CAIR offices to learn more about Islam and Muslims in America. Through these visits, as well as other interfaith initiatives, CAIR strives to educate others about Islam while building strong relationships with other faith communities.
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Indian Movies. The term itself is so broad and vast, that it would be difficult for any search engine to give you accurate results when you search for Indian movies. The reason being that India, being a vast and multi cultural, multi language country, there are thousands of movies which you could call Indian movies. Because of this diversity found in India, Movies made in India have an add-on categorization - which is linked to the state where the movie comes from and the primary language of the movie (which generally is based on the Indian state where the movie was produced). If you go by facts, Indian parliamentary democracy consists of 28 states and 7 union territories. Generally speaking, people from different states in India speak a different language, and when we say different, the difference could be as vast as Chinese and English! According to the Census of India of 2001, 29 languages are spoken by more than a million native speakers. Which in movie terms means that when you say 'Indian movie', it could be one movie out of thousands. To ease your search for Indian movies, we at _URL_ have developed a search engine devoted to Indian movies, and to movie videos originating from India. Our search engine attempts to categorize the broad term 'Indian movies' into its originating constituents - namely languages of India and States of India.
As of May 2008, aside from English, these are the languages spoken in India, and which are officially recognized in India :
Assamese or Axomiya, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri,Gujarati,Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya,Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, UrduOur search engine is not yet equipped to deal with movies of all these 29 languages (We are working on it!). But currently moovyshoovy can boast of a search engine which recognizes 6 Indian languages, and can deliver you results for your queries on Indian movies in these languages :


text: Research on environmental and genetic pathways to complex traits such as educational attainment (EA) is confounded by uncertainty over whether correlations reflect effects of transmitted parental genes, causal family environments, or some, possibly interactive, mixture of both. Thus, an aggregate of thousands of alleles associated with EA (a polygenic risk score; PRS) may tap parental behaviors and home environments promoting EA in the offspring. New methods for unpicking and determining these causal pathways are required. Here, we utilize the fact that parents pass, at random, 50% of their genome to a given offspring to create independent scores for the transmitted alleles (conventional EA PRS) and a parental score based on alleles not transmitted to the offspring (EA VP_PRS). The formal effect of non-transmitted alleles on offspring attainment was tested in 2,333 genotyped twins for whom high-quality measures of EA, assessed at age 17 years, were available, and whose parents were also genotyped. Four key findings were observed. First, the EA PRS and EA VP_PRS were empirically independent, validating the virtual-parent design. Second, in this family-based design, children's own EA PRS significantly predicted their EA (β = 0.15), ruling out stratification confounds as a cause of the association of attainment with the EA PRS. Third, parental EA PRS predicted the SES environment parents provided to offspring (β = 0.20), and parental SES and offspring EA were significantly associated (β = 0.33). This would suggest that the EA PRS is at least as strongly linked to social competence as it is to EA, leading to higher attained SES in parents and, therefore, a higher experienced SES for children. In a full structural equation model taking account of family genetic relatedness across multiple siblings the non-transmitted allele effects were estimated at similar values; but, in this more complex model, confidence intervals included zero. A test using the forthcoming EA3 PRS may clarify this outcome. The virtual-parent method may be applied to clarify causality in other phenotypes where observational evidence suggests parenting may moderate expression of other outcomes, for instance in psychiatry.


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How to Mail a Postcard
Two Parts:Finding and StampingWriting, Addressing, and MailingCommunity Q&A
Sending a postcard home shows your friends and family that you're thinking of them. It can be a great way to preserve a snapshot of your time in an exciting and exotic locale. The process of sending a postcard is fundamentally similar to sending a letter: you'll need to add the correct number of stamps; properly address the card; write your message; and find a place to mail it.
Part 1
Finding and Stamping
 1. 1
 2. 2
 - Depending on where you are sending the postcard, you may need two, three, or even more stamps. Look up the postage requirements for, say, "mailing from Tanzania to the U.S."
 3. 3
 - If the stamp is self-adhesive, just pull it off the backing and attach it to the postcard in the proper place. Make sure it's not upside-down! If so, however, don't worry – the US postal service usually mails postcards with an upside-down stamps.
 - If your stamp is not the self-adhesive kind, you will need to moisten the back of the stamp to activate the adhesive. Some people lick the stamp to do this. If you don't want to lick the stamp, then you can use a sponge, or even just dip a couple of fingers in some water. Moisten the back of the stamp until it's a little wet, but not dripping. If it's too wet, the stamp might rip or slide off the postcard.
Part 2
Writing, Addressing, and Mailing
 1. 1
 Address the card. Postcards usually have dedicated spaces for the message as well as the sender's and receiver's address. If it is a homemade or non-standard postcard with no dedicated spaces: draw a vertical line down the middle of the card while it is in a horizontal position, then draw a horizontal line splitting the right half in two. Use the left hand side for the message, the upper-right corner for the stamp and receiver's address, and the bottom-right corner for your own address.
 - It is not essential that you include your own address. As long as you write the receiver's address, they will receive your card. If you're traveling, you may not expect a reply – or you can give your correspondent the address of the next place you'll be staying.
 2. 2
 Write your postcard. See How to Write a Postcard. If you're mailing it to yourself, write a memory on the back of the card; if you're mailing it to a friend, add a short message to let them know how you're doing. Try to give the recipient a brief snapshot of your experience. You don't need to write a novel – the very act of sending a postcard, however short, is usually enough to show a person that you're thinking of them.
 - Again, make sure to put the stamp on first. This way, you won't end up writing where the stamp covers.
 - It's important not to write too low on the postcard. Most of the time, the post office will attach a sticker across the bottom of the card in order to send it where it needs to go. Try to keep at least a finger's width between the edge of the postcard and the bottom of your message.
 3. 3
 Mail the postcard. Find a post office or a public mail drop box in your area. Make sure that you've added the correct amount of stamps and properly addressed the card. Once you're certain, mail the postcard as you would a normal letter. If you're abroad, allow at least a week or two for the letter to reach its destination.
 - Some office buildings, government offices, or community centers may have a mailbox. If you are at a hotel, the front desk will often mail your postcard with its outgoing mail. If you can't find a place to mail your postcard, ask the locals and other travelers.
Community Q&A
Add New Question
 - How do I write on a postcard that has a picture in the front?
 wikiHow Contributor
 Look for an empty space on the left side of the back of the postcard picture. That is the space used to write your message. Save the ride side to write the recipient's address and place your stamp in the top right corner.
Unanswered Questions
Show more unanswered questions
Ask a Question
 - Do not write anything personal or private. The postcard doesn't have an envelope, so anyone can read it.
 - If you send the postcard overseas, it might not arrive when you expect.
Things You'll Need
 - A postcard
 - A pen or pencil
 - A stamp
 - A letter box
Article Info
Categories: Cards and Postcards
In other languages:
Español: enviar una postal por correo regular, Русский: отправить открытку, Italiano: Spedire una Cartolina
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The World in 2050
Essay by • July 18, 2010 • Essay • 1,474 Words (6 Pages) • 2,406 Views
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The World in 2050
Futurism is an Italian fine arts movement that was founded in 1909. Poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti began the movement to celebrate modern technology and to free Italian art from the psychology of the past. Futurism influenced the 20th century's art and design, which opened doors for the movements related to sculpture, theater, architecture, fashion, and music. Futurist principles value the science of computer programming; they believe that computers will make a significant difference in the world many years from now. With technology improving and reaching immense heights there is a great wonder about the world in 2050. What is known is there will be a world completely different in technology and arts, than we are familiar with today.
One very famous futurist is Dr. James Canton. He has been predicting the key trends that have shaped our world for the past 30 years. Dr. Canton is also a CEO and Chairman of the Institute for Global Futures, an entity that advises the government on future trends. He participates in advising the Global Fortune 100 on the trends in innovation, financial services, health care, population, life sciences, energy, security, workforce, climate changes, and globalization. He uses his abilities to answer questions on Global Warming, availability of gas, and the decrease in water. Futurists are authors, consultants, organizational leaders, and others who engage in interdisciplinary and systems thinking to advise private and public organizations on such matters as diverse global trends, plausible scenarios, emerging market opportunities, and risk management.
Media will transform as the years progress and by 2050, the world will be exploding with new technology. This transformation will enhance media making it faster and broader. It will be more efficient and more reliable. Electronics will be easier to access, giving people a chance to enjoy finding what they need quicker. Telephones will be voice activated or one touch dial. Cell phones could be made smaller like a chip. People could place the small chip in their ear and talk whenever they pleased. Only the person wearing the chip can hear the phone ring and with one touch of the finger to the ear the call will be ended or rejected.
Home telephones will be intergraded with cell phones, making people able to receive important calls wherever they are. Creditors or salesmen can no longer call annoying customers to buy their products. People can also have a conversation with as many people as desired and still be able to click over. The home phone can be connected to the television so that callers can have a face to face conversation.
Television will still be greatly appreciated, but the internet will soon be taking over. Television usage will take place everywhere, planes, bathrooms, classrooms, home, etc. It will use virtual reality to make scenes more realistic and exciting. Television's advantages will consist of pause, rewind, fast-forward, internet, telephone, virtual reality, face to face conversation, and education. Television will aid the community and eliminate other electronics.
When the World Wide Web began in 1990, few suspected how successful it would become. The future of the internet is difficult to predict but its rapid acceleration of growth is expected only to increase. High-speed networks will make it possible for professionals to work in ways never before possible. IPods, iPhones, Xboxes, and TiVo's represent the first wave of Internet-centered products that can't be easily modified by anyone except their vendors or selected partners. These "tethered appliances" have already been used in remarkable but little-known ways: car GPS systems have been reconfigured at the demand of law enforcement to eavesdrop on the occupants at all times, and digital video recorders have been ordered to self-destruct thanks to a lawsuit against the manufacturer thousands of miles away. New Web 2.0 platforms like Google and Facebook are fairly secure but their applications can be similarly monitored and eliminated from a central source. The internet as we know is already accessible almost instantaneously and available on the go and in the palm of our hands.
The fear that newspapers will soon be obsolete is a common feeling in today's society. On the one hand, newspapers are expected to supply their content free on the Web. On the other hand, their most profitable advertising--classifieds--is being lost to sites like Craigslist. And display advertising is close behind. Meanwhile, there is the blog terror: people are getting their understanding of the world from random lunatics riffing in their underwear, rather than professional journalists with standards and passports. It has been said that newspaper circulation in America is the same now as it was in the early 1970's when the nation's population was drastically smaller.
Analysts have predicted that the trend of more advanced media and technology will cause the human race to become lazy and obese. With all our wants and needs being at the click of a button there will be no big need for us to move around and be as active as needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle. We can look forward with confidence to a considerable degree of freedom from infectious diseases at a time not too far in the future. Currently our president is working on a method to
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text:
2011 Wastewater Reuse Survey Results
In 2011, the Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources and the Tennessee Department of Enviroment and Conservation (TDEC) distributed the sixth annual survey of Tennessee wastewater treatment utilities (only those that are legally allowed to handle 0.1 million of gallons or more of water per day [mgd]) to find out which ones were using water conservation and water reuse practices. A survey like this is important to Tennessee as it faces strong pressures on its water resources from human use, and the 2011 results are below.
You may also view the results from TDEC's website at _URL_ The wastewater reuse survey is found in the "Helpful Links" box in the bottom right corner.
This table shows the number of facilities that reuse water in each TDEC Environmental Field Office District. It also shows how the treated wastewater was used within each district (how many golf courses, schools and parks were irrigated with it, etc.). Note: None of the facilities used the treated wastewater for residence irrigation, park irrigation, school irrigation, public access irrigation, edible crops, or groundwater recharge and indirect reuse.
|TDEC Environ. Field Office||No. of Reuse Systems||Area of Golf Courses Irrigated||Area of Grass, Pasture, Other Crops Irrigated|
|2011 Total||3||154 acres||10 acres|
The following table summarizes the way reuse water was used among the systems that practiced the technique. It also includes the number of reuse systems, flow and area for each reuse type. The facilities did not report their capacities in this section.
|Reuse Type||Number of Systems||
| Area Acres
Public Access Areas &
|Golf Course Irrigation||1||1.5||0.50||154|
|Other Public Access Areas||0|
Ground Water Recharge
|Rapid Infiltration Basins||0|
|Surface Water Augmentation||0|
|At Treatment Plant||0|
|At Other Facilities||0|
|Other Uses (Effluent Land Application)||0||0.4||N/A|
a drainfield, including the applicaton/distribution system, intended for the reuse of reclaimed water.
Indirect Potable Reuse
for these purposes, the planned discharge of reclaimed water to surface waters to augment the supply of water available for drinking and other uses.
Contact information for the systems that practice water reuse is below.
|Reuse System Name||County||Contact Person/Title||Address|
|Cartwright CreekArrington Retreat||Williamson||Bruce Meyer||1551 Thompsons Station Rd. W., Thompsons
Station, TN 37179
|King's Creek Golf Course||Maury||Travis Massey||
3893 Mahlon Moore Rd.
|Sewanee Utility District||Franklin||Ben Beavers||150 Sherwood Rd., P.O. Box 3211
Sewanee, TN 37375


Suppose I have a genotype-phenotype map defined by the matrix $\mathbf{Z}$:
 enter image description here
The scalars $G,P$ represent the number of genotypes and traits, respectively. The map assigns a set of phenotypic traits (the columns) to a set of genotypes (the rows), where $z_{ij}$ is the quantitative measure of an individual of genotype $i$ with respect to a trait $j$. I want to know how the average value of each of the phenotypic traits changes over time, suggesting I should use quantitative genetics theory and formulate the equation
$\Delta \bar{\boldsymbol{z}} = \mathbf{G}\mathbf{P}^{-1}\mathbf{s}$,
where, $\mathbf{G}$ is the additive genetic variance covariance matrix, $\mathbf{P}$ is the phenotypic variance covariance matrix, and $\mathbf{s}$ is a vector of covariances of each trait with fitness. Assume that I know the frequencies of the different genotypes in the population.
Question 1 Can I formulate the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix from the genotype-phenotype map alone (and pop freq)? Note, I don't know anything about the underlying genetic model - number of loci representing each genotype, dominance structure, epistatic interactions, etc.
Question 2 If I assume the genotypes represent haploid individuals, does this change things? Is the additive genetic variance always equal to the phenotypic variance (assuming no environmental effects) in a haploid model? In other words does $\mathbf{G}\mathbf{P}^{-1} = \mathbf{I}$? What I'm thinking is that epistatic variance might affect things, but it shouldn't affect heritability in a haploid model, which is what $\mathbf{G}\mathbf{P}^{-1}$ is a measure of.
From the pheno-geno map and the genotypes frequencies, you have the whole distribution of phenotypes in your population. The mean of the phenoype $n$, $P_n$ is the
$$\bar P_n = \sum f_{G_i} P_{G_i}$$
, where $f_{G_i}$ is the proportions of individuals having genotype $G_i$ and $P_{G_i}$ is the phenotype of the individuals with genotype $G_i$. Therefore, the variance of $P_n$ is
$$var(P_n) = \sum f_{G_i} (P_{G_i} - \bar P_n)^2$$.
The covariance between the phenotypic traits $n$ and $m$ is
$$cov(P_n,P_m) = \sum f_{G_i} (P_{G_i} - \bar P_n)(P_{G_i} - \bar P_m)$$
The only assumptions you need is that there is no environmental variance. I don't think the above calculations required any other assumption. $G$ can be defined at the haploid or diploid stage, it doesn't change anything.
The above calculations however give you the genetic variance and covariance but not the additive genetic variance covariance. I think (but I might be mistaken) that the additive genetic variance would be equal to
$$\sigma_D^2 = \sum_i f_i^2(1-f_i)^2(2 \cdot P_{n,i,12} - P_{n,i,11} - P_{n,i,22})^2$$
$$\sigma_A^2 = \sum_i 2f_i(1-f_i)(f_iP_{n,i,11}+(1-2f_i)P_{n,i,12} - (1-f_i)P_{n,i,22})^2$$
, where $f_i$ is the frequency of the allele $A$ at the locus $i$ (you should get those data by reformatting your geno-pheno map matrix) and $P_{n,i,11}$, $P_{n,i,12}$ and
$$P_{n,i,22} =\frac{1}{l-1} \sum_j P_{n,i,j,22}$$
is the $n^{th}$ phenotypic trait for the genotype $22$ and locus $i$ averaged over all other genotypes. There are $l$ genotypes in total. Of course, this works only for biallelic loci. I don't know what it would look like for more alleles.
Your Answer