Geared DC Motor with Magnetic Encoder Outputs - 7 VDC 1:20 Ratio
1-9 $13.50
10-99 $12.15
100+ $10.80
 - DescriptionThe first step in a robotics project is to get a motor spinning. Once you've done that you quickly learn that not all motors go the same speed, even if they are the same part number! There are always variations that relate to voltage, environment, and manufacturing changes. So, the second step is to figure out how fast it's going! Turns out that's not so easy, but the best way to get started is to add an encoder wheel and an optical or magnetic counter. As the motor turns, the attached encoder wheel spins, causing the counter to detect each passing spoke and that lets your microcontroller count and determine speed.
 If you want to do one better, add a second counter, and now you can tell direction as well as speed! All this wiring is kind of a pain, so that's why this motor is really nice! It has a magnetic wheel and two hall effect sensors already attached. Using this motor is a breeze, and it's a nice strong motor as well
 Provide 7V DC nominal to the brown and yellow wires - these connect to your motor driver, and can be PWM'd for speed adjustment and direction by using an H-bridge.
 Connect the black wire to your microcontroller ground pin, and the red wire to 3-5VDC (we tried both, works fine). Then you can read the hall effect outputs on the white and green wires. We have an example sketch here for Arduino, it can be adapted to other languages - basically you just want to interrupt on one of the encoder pins, use count the time since the last interrupt, and multiply the count time by 12-counts-per-revolution and the 1:20 gear ratio.
 - Technical Details+
 Technical Details
 - Dimensions (excluding shaft): 47.3mm x 24.8mm
 - Wire length: approx 14.5cm


CSS Cubic Bezier Generator
CSS Cubic Bezier Generator
Predefined Easing Functions
Animation Duration: 1s
 Coordinates of P1 (Green Dot)
 X1: 0
 Y1: 0
 Coordinates of P2 (Red Dot)
 X2: 1
 Y2: 1
 Animation Preview
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 What is Online CSS Cubic Bezier Generator?
 CSS Cubic Bezier Generator is a free online tool for generating CSS code for cubic bezier easing functions by getting info about the animation from time vs progress graph or directly previewing the animation.
 When creating animations on web development, mostly linear transitions are used since most animations are very short and users may not feel the difference between a linear CSS animation and an animation which has an easing function. But, if you are working with complex animations which has a duration above ~0.5s, it is important to use more natural easing functions or elastic movements which attracts users more. There are predefined easing functions in CSS which can be used for better animations which are ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out. When these easing types are not sufficient, best way to manage an animation timing in CSS is to use Cubic Bezier easing functions.
 Time vs Progress graph for Cubic Bezier Easing
 Time vs Progress graph for Cubic Bezier Easing
 There are 4 parameters in CSS cubic bezier animation timing function which defines the positions of 2 points, P1 & P2. First point P1 identifies the progress at the start of the animation while P2 identifies the final part. Cubic bezier curve is defined in coordinate system starting from point (0,0) to point (1,1). The path between these points describes the progress of the CSS animation.
 - x1, y1: x and y coordinates of P1 (Point 1) which defines start of animation.
 - x2, y2: x and y coordinates of P2 (Point 2) which defines end of animation.
 By defining x and y coordinates of these 2 points, you can define the progress of all animation with cubic bezier funtion in CSS. x values are limited between 0 and 1 while y values may be between minus infinity to plus infinity. But, in terms of achieving natural animation progress, it is limited between -2 to +2 in the tool.
 How to use Online CSS Cubic Bezier Generator?
 You can generate CSS code for cubic bezier animation timing functions by following these easy steps.
 1. First, you have to select 4 coordinates for constructing the cubic bezier starting and ending points.
 2. Animation can be previewed online by pressing the play icon. If the result is not satisfactory, you can fine tune it easily by changing the coordinates. Also, the graph is helpful to predict the CSS animation progress. Its path and slopes give ideas about the result.
 3. Default animation duration is one second, but you can change it between a range from 0 to 5 seconds. Also, predefined CSS animation timing functions can be selected from the list see how they behave.
 4. CSS code or cubic bezier coordinates can be copied and used in your project by just pasting it in your stylesheet.


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method for finding numerical roots of equations. You start with an estimate
of the root, you then replace the function by its tangent (a linear
approximation) find the zero of the equation of the tangent, to give a
new approximation to the root. Repeat this process as often as needed.
Because the computation with a linear approximation to a function is2.why would you use the linear approximation of a function than the actual function
usually simpler than with the function itself. Or to use known results from
a linear theory to give an approximate result in a non-linear case.
A nice example which is probably beyond your current experience is the
Kalman filter, which is an optimal estimator for certain types of linear
systems. With mildly non-linear systems one linearises about an appropriate
estimate, and then uses the KF equations to give a sub-optimal but good
estimator for the non-linear case (known as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Ben Santer
Climate Scientist, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
What an extraordinary privilege [it is to be] part of a community connected by a deep passion for advancing our understanding of complex scientific issues. How cool is that? And once in a while in your career, having the sense that you and you alone hold a tiny piece of the enormous climate change puzzle that nobody else in the world has – that feeling is priceless.
Ben Santer has already seen a significant number of people start listening to the science. As an Atmospheric Scientist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Santer is working on identifying human factors in a number of different climate variables. His early research contributed to the historic "discernible human influence" conclusion of the 1995 Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
From his years with the Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany working on the development of climate fingerprinting methods, Santer has consistently sought to reveal the ways in which humans affect this planet. His research focuses on such topics as climate model evaluation, the use of statistical methods in climate science, and identification of natural and anthropogenic "fingerprints" in observed climate records.
Santer's awards include the Norbert Gerbier–MUMM International Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, and the U.S. Department of Energy's E.O. Lawrence Award.
Live Event Appearances
Podcast Guest Appearances


Survey: Dinner or Supper?
What word do you use to refer to the last meal of the day? Some of us say "supper," and some of us say "dinner." We've noticed it's either a regional or a generational thing, and we're interested in knowing what you say. More on the history of dinner versus supper below...
Technically, the word "supper" refers to a light evening meal, and "dinner" is a more formal, hearty meal.
In colonial days, farmers were too busy to eat three meals a day, so they only had breakfast and dinner, and the wealthy had three meals a day: breakfast, dinner, and supper. Back then, dinner was a hearty meal that one ate in the middle of the day, and supper was a lighter meal that one ate before retiring for the evening.
In the 1800's, things shifted a little bit. In households of the upper classes that employed a cook or servant, dinner was served at the end of the day. Supper was eaten in the afternoon and was a lighter meal. Usually the wealthy hosted dinner parties, and were expected to set out lavish meals that lasted for several hours.
In middle class households without servants, dinner was eaten in the middle of the day, and supper was the last meal, for practical reasons: it took a lot of work to get the stove fires going, so after cooking breakfast, the housewife would keep the fires going and cook dinner next. This way she wouldn't have to make two stove fires a day and she could concentrate on her other house chores and the raising of children. This practice worked well with people who traveled or lived in encampments: think pioneer wagon trains and gold rush people.
These days, we think people just say what their parents (or others around them) say. What do you think?
(Image: Painting by Frederick Cotman; available through Easyart for Â£34.95)


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Spec'ing hospital electrical distribution systems
When specifying electrical distribution systems in hospitals, the engineer must account for the facility's size, flexibility needs, emergency power needs, and safety requirements.
By Neal Boothe, exp US Services Inc., Maitland, Fla.
For updated details about the project, visit the official UC San Diego project website.
Image courtesy: UC San Diego Health System, Paul Turang, Photographer. Renderings courtesy: exp US Services Inc.
1. Understand which codes govern the design of hospital electrical systems
2. Learn the differences between emergency and essential power
3. Learn and understand the unique electrical system requirements of hospitals.
On the surface, the electrical distribution system of a hospital may look the same as that for other types of buildings—offices, hotels, etc.—but there are several important distinctions. These distinctions are not so much in the equipment used. Panelboards, switchboards, transformers, circuit breakers, and other products are all common to other types of projects. The differences lie primarily in the size and complexity of the electrical systems: the overall size of the electrical system, its need for a higher level of flexibility, enhanced needs for more emergency power that can remain operational for longer durations, and the need for enhanced safety in the hospital environment.
Size does matter
First, the electrical demands of a hospital far outweigh those for most other building types. One reason is that hospitals have unique equipment with very large power requirements, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), computer tomography (CT) scanners, and other imaging equipment. Second, even some equipment common to all buildings is larger for hospitals due to their complexities. A good example of this lies in air conditioning and ventilation systems, which can be two or three times larger in hospitals than in other buildings of a similar size due to the heightened air change rate, more stringent temperature requirements, and higher equipment loads. Also, many specialized areas in a hospital have a large number of receptacles to allow for a multitude of equipment to be used. For example, a hospital operating room may be 500 to 600 sq ft and include 30 or more receptacles due to the amount of equipment required in this space. An office building may have 10 receptacles or less in a comparably sized area. Hospital lighting also follows the same thinking and typically has a higher lumen and Watts/sq ft requirement based upon the complex procedures (surgeries, examinations, and other medical procedures) that are performed.
Similarly, the hospital's emergency system will be significantly larger than that of other building types. Where all buildings require emergency power to help occupants safely exit in the event of normal power failure, hospitals also require emergency power to sustain the life of patients (who often are not capable of self-preservation due to illness or injury), and this emergency power is needed indefinitely (not just long enough to allow the public to safely exit the building). This requires a more robust and larger emergency power system. For example, a 200,000-sq-ft office building might require 50 to 100 kW of generator capacity to provide the emergency power it needs, whereas a 200,000-sq-ft hospital may need 2,500 kW or more of generator capacity.
Another consideration becomes the need for sufficient fuel storage to sustain the emergency generators. For most buildings, fuel storage (usually diesel for generators) requirements are quite small. For a hospital, however, the dual considerations of much larger generators that need to run for longer time periods lead to very large on-site fuel storage needs. It's not unusual to see a hospital with 30,000 gal or more of diesel fuel storage for its emergency generators.
Emergency versus essential power
Often the term "emergency" power is used to refer to all power needed on a generator in a hospital. A better term for this would be "essential" power. True, emergency power comprises only those loads required to be restored within 10 seconds as required by NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) Article 700 for all buildings, and as defined as life safety branch and critical branch by NEC Article 517 for hospitals. For a hospital, you have the essential power supply, which would include the generator(s), and this power is divided into emergency system power and equipment system power. Then the emergency system is divided into the life safety branch and critical branch (of the emergency power system, as shown in Figure 2).
The size, complexity, and needs for emergency power in a hospital are only a few of the ways in which its power distribution system differs from that of other building types. Following are other ways hospitals differ from other types of buildings.
Case Study Database
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These case studies provide examples of how knowledgeable solution providers have used technology, processes and people to create effective and successful implementations in real-world situations. Case studies can be completed by filling out a simple online form where you can outline the project title, abstract, and full story in 1500 words or less; upload photos, videos and a logo.
Click here to visit the Case Study Database and upload your case study.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Slaves often treated themselves with home remedies passed down by word of mouth. Some of these remedies came from African practice.
Slaves who were highly skilled at herbal medicine were known as root doctors. Those who used magic and charms were called conjurors. Both sometimes relied on superstition as well as dosing.
In 1819 the overseer at Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest learned that a slave named Hercules had been getting medicines from a conjuror and giving them to other slaves. The medicines caused much illness and several deaths. The slaves had hidden this information from the overseer because they were afraid of the conjuror's power.
As late as the 1950s, root doctors and regular black doctors sometimes worked together. As one African American physician recalled, "Dr. Hall, who was a practitioner of folk medicine,... was a good friend of ours. Many a man or woman came to see us because Dr. Hall had sent them. Dr. Hall recognized his limitations. Even though he did his incantations in his type of medicine, he was smart enough to know that he couldn't cure gonorrhea.... He would tell them, along with what he did, it wouldn't work unless the patient went to see a doctor and got a dose of penicillin."


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's rather than the orientation of its physical assets.
1.6 SCOPE / DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
For the purpose of drawing a fairly representative, sample the survey was carried out in Enugu and Mgbowo in Enugu and Agwu local government areas of Enugu state respectively. The consumers included in this study are those between 18 and 80 years.
SIDE VIEW OF ENUGU
Enugu is the capital of Enugu State. The town has been the seat of government since Nigeria's independence in 1960's Enugu is compliant in nature mainly inhabited by public servants and private businesses. One can boast of infrastructure, facilities like pipe –born water, goods road electricity, telecommunication services, there are many educational institutions such as two polytechnics, federal polytechnics Uwana and Institute Of Management and Technology projected population was about 535, 428, 1988.
For part of the questionnaire, Enugu was zoned into two components Enugu South and North. For the North, it comprise of Enugu urban which is the local government headquarter, Enugu Ugwuaji and Nike while the South comprise of Akwuke Amechi Awkunanaw, and Uwani which is the headquarter of the local government.
The town with the population of about 20, 690 as per Enugu state population statistical document No. 3 of 1985 and is located in Agwu local government of Enugu state. The town is about 40 kilometers from Enugu.
It has five villages Aliechera, Inyi, Ezioha Amada, and Imama. It is bounded in the North by Neriwe in South by Awgu in the East by Ndeaboli and in the West of Maku.
It has Ekemgbowo as its market, occupation of the people is mainly trading and farming. In terms of infrastructure, this electricity, postal agency no pipe born water and the maternity.
There are all privately owned with the exception of Enugu Port Harcourt express road, the road leading to the town is dilapidated.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Consumer: Hoyer and maclnnis (1997:3) noted that the consumers are the people acting as individuals, or groups who purchase goods and services to satisfy their personal and household consumption needs.
According to Kotler put simply consumer is an organized movement of concerned citizens and government to enhance the right and power of buyer in relation to sellers.
ii. Brand Name: Knaur (1969:25) described brand name as that product that differ it from others,. In other word if is a name terms, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to identify the good and services of one seller or group of seller and to identify them from those of their competitions.
iii. Publicity: According to the Adirika, Ebue, and Nnolim(1996:90) stated the various ways, in which publicity can appear which are. It could be press relation, (that is placing news worthy items in the news media) product publicity (e.g launching a new product) lobbling (that is fighting indesirable government policies and legislation or promoting and supporting the desirable, consumer protection policy.
iv. Consumer Protection: Odutayo (1989:5) noted that the consumer protection is the way of government argue that consumer supremacy is a mischievous trick played on for a joke and that, it has a constitutional obligation to protect the citizens who are the consumer is one way or the other.
v. Advertising: Udeaha (1999:182) added that advertising unlike personal selling is non personal or public mode of communication. The message is transmitted simultaneously to a large audience.
Adirika (1996:88) view advertising as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideal, goods and servicing by an identified, sponsor, involves the use of mass medium. These mass medium (media) include; radio, television, neither paper, magazine, out door displays such as posters and signs direct mail etc.
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Topic: Music and listening
Level: Intermediate +
Materials needed: paper and colored markers, media player (music)
Members per group: n/a
This is a listening activity where students can be creative and interpret English in their own way. The point of this activity is to show the students that there are a lot of different ways to interpret what you hear.
Give each student a plain white paper and colored markers. Colors play an integral role in interpreting sounds therefore I recommend encouraging the students to use colors to express what they hear.
The teacher chooses an English song to play. Pick a rather short song, or select a section of a song to play. Have the students listen to the entire song/selection once.
Next, have the students close their eyes and listen to the first part of the song. When the first part is over, have the students draw what they think the first part of the song is saying.
Next, play the middle part of the song. When the middle part is over, have the students draw what they think the middle part of the song is saying.
Continue the same process for the end part of the song.
Upon completion, have the students compare their pictures and have them explain what their pictures mean. There will be a lot of different interpretations of the song.
Give each student a piece of paper and colored markers. Have each student draw their favorite song. Only pictures are allowed. Set a time limit, for example 15-20 minutes.
Upon completion, post all the pictures of songs around the room. Have each student stand up and go around the room and write the name of the song they think the picture is of.
Next have the students share their songs and the comments that were given about them.
Finding teacher resources for ESL lesson plans and educational games can be time consuming. Let us know if you will use this ESL activity.
Got a question about this classroom activity? Suggestion? Leave a comment below and let me know what you think.


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Altered activation patterns by triceps surae stretch reflex pathways in acute and chronic spinal cord injury
Frigon A, Johnson MD, Heckman CJ
Spinal reflexes are modified by spinal cord injury (SCI) due the loss of excitatory inputs from supraspinal structures and changes within the spinal cord. The stretch reflex is one of the simplest pathways of the CNS and was used presently to evaluate how inputs from primary and secondary muscle spindles interact with spinal circuits before and after spinal transection (i.e. spinalization) in 12 adult decerebrate cats. Seven cats were spinalized and allowed to recover for one month (i.e. chronic spinal state), whereas 5 cats were evaluated before (i.e. intact state) and after acute spinalization (i.e. acute spinal state).
Stretch reflexes were evoked by stretching the left triceps surae (TS) muscles. The force evoked by TS muscles was recorded along with the activity of several hindlimb muscles. Stretch reflexes were abolished in the acute spinal state due to an inability to activate TS muscles, such as soleus (Sol) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG). In chronic spinal cats, reflex force had partly recovered but Sol and LG activity remained considerably depressed, despite the fact that injecting clonidine could recruit these muscles during locomotor-like activity.
In contrast, other muscles, not recruited in the intact state, most notably semitendinosus and sartorius were strongly activated by stretching TS muscles in chronic spinal cats. Therefore, stretch reflex pathways from TS muscles to multiple hindlimb muscles undergo functional reorganization following spinalization, both acute and chronic. Altered activation patterns by stretch reflex pathways could explain some sensorimotor deficits observed during locomotion and postural corrections after SCI.


Steam Weeder – the technology behind the machine.
The technology behind SteamWeeder's chemical free "hydro-thermal" steam weeding uses high-temperature heated water and wet steam to kill weeds on contact. To be effective at killing weeds the temperatures need to be greater than 98° Celsius, (205°F) and must have rapid transfer into the plant cells.
Propane flame and non-saturated steam is less efficient at transferring destructive heat into the vegetation and hot water will do the job but is much slower and uses a lot more energy.
How does Steam Weed technology work?
The steam destroys the weeds on contact within minutes. This occurs via a process known as "plasmolysis" where the steam rapidly raises the temperature of water in plant's cells, which in turn causes them to expand and destroys the structure of the cell wall and soft tissue. The targeted weeds will immediately wilt and within 1-3 days they decompose, enriching the soil.
How plants cells break down after Steam Weeding?
1. The cell of a healthy plant
The cell wall of a healthy plant cell is robust and full of liquid.
2. After high-pressurised steam
SteamWeeding applies high-pressurised steam, thereby increasing the temperature of the water within the cell, causing the plant cell wall to collapse.
3. Plant cell wall breaks down completely
Immediately the plant cell wall has completely broken down and the plant wilts. Within 1-3 days the plant decomposes adding nutrients back in the soil.


Community Paramedics: Can They Help You?
Posted on
Every year, the nation's emergency rooms handle 136.3 million visits. Many of these visits could be handled by a primary care physician or other healthcare professional outside of the hospital. People who do not have insurance often use the emergency room as their only source of medical care. Other people with chronic conditions simply have to visit the emergency room frequently due to sudden and severe flair ups. If you are someone who needs such care, consider using a community paramedic or EMT for some of your medical needs.
Community Paramedic
A paramedic traditionally provides emergency care on the scene and then transports a patient to the hospital if necessary. Some communities have expanded their role to include providing health care services at hospitals, clinics, and homes outside of an emergency situation. These professionals often receive additional training so that they can offer this expanded level of care. These community paramedics have the potential to lower the number of emergency room trips and admittances.
The cost of an emergency room visit can be astronomical, with many procedures costing between $750 - $73,000. Even with insurance coverage, your portion of this bill can be significant. If you do not have insurance, much of the bill may never be paid, contributing to a higher cost for medical services in your area. When a community paramedic goes to the homes of those with chronic conditions or other problems that are not truly an emergency, it lowers the cost of service for everyone. These visits can stop the revolving door of emergency room visits for those with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease by providing necessary care in the home.
Patient Benefits
In addition to cutting costs, this program means that patients benefit from excellent follow-up care after surgery. The patient's physician can write up orders for an evaluation. The paramedic can then perform the evaluation and write a report for the doctor. This method identifies possible problems without the patient having to go into the office, an often stressful experience when you are physically weak. This in-home care removes stress from the patient and the healthcare system.
If you suffer from a chronic condition or are simply suffering from an illness that requires attention, but doesn't warrant an emergency room visit, consider using a community paramedic. You can receive the care you need in your home while cutting costs. Also, they can help you manage your conditions so that your health stabilizes. Community paramedic programs can improve the quality of your life. To learn more, speak with a business like Cornerstone Hospice and Palliative Care.


Convert PB to Byte (Petabyte to Byte)
Petabyte into Byte
 numbers in scientific notation
Direct link to this calculator:
How many Byte make 1 Petabyte?
1 Petabyte [PB] = 1 125 899 906 842 624 Byte - Measurement calculator that can be used to convert Petabyte to Byte, among others.
Convert Petabyte to Byte (PB to Byte):
 3. From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Petabyte [PB]'.
 4. Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'Byte'.
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '196 Petabyte'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be usedas an example, either 'Petabyte' or 'PB'. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Bytes / Bits'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '4 PB to Byte' or '20 PB into Byte' or '37 Petabyte -> Byte' or '64 PB = Byte' or '66 Petabyte to Byte' or '72 Petabyte into Byte'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(99 * 44) PB'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '196 Petabyte + 588 Byte' or '11mm x 42cm x 39dm =? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.


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Sea of Rhûn
(Difference between revisions)
inland sea in the land of [[Rhûn]] into which the [[ Celduin]] emptied its waters. Its northeastern shores were densely forested, and to the southwest lay a mountainous region. The mysterious land of [[ Dorwinion]] was said to lie on its northwestern coasts. |+|
The sea in the of [[
Rhûn]] into the [] and to the.
The of [] to.
Revision as of 06:36, 28 October 2005
The Sea of Rhûn, or the Eastern Sea, is a large saltwater lake or sea in the east of Middle-earth.
The Sea of Rhûn, according to Tolkien's maps, covers roughly 400 square miles (1,000 km²). The Celduin (River Running) flows from the northwest into a northwestern arm of the sea, while several unnamed rivers flow from the northeastern shore. West of the Sea of Rhûn is the land of Dorwinion and roughly 200 miles (300 km) to the South is the eastern end of the Ered Lithui.
Christopher Tolkien and others have speculated that the Sea of Rhûn might "...be identified with the Sea of Helkar, vastly shrunken" (The War of the Jewels, pg. 174). Karen Wynn Fonstad adopted this assumption in The Atlas of Middle-earth. In The Peoples of Middle-earth there are references to the Sea of Rhûn existing in the First Age, but no indication as to whether it should be equated with the Sea of Helkar or not.


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Cultivating our communities
Cleveland Botanical Garden's Green Corps farms are scattered throughout 6 neighborhoods in central Cleveland and the near East Side. In addition to growing food, these farms serve as outdoor laboratories for studying the benefits, or ecosystem services, that urban agriculture provides to human communities and the environment. Such benefits add important value to neighborhoods but are not usually quantified.
By comparing urban farms to undeveloped vacant land, our research partners are working to identify the effects of urban agriculture on soil nematodes, insect pollination, spider communities, bird habitat, and plant assemblages in the inner city. At the same time, we are using economic models to estimate the monetary value of ecosystem services to cities. This monetization of ecosystem services will help make the case for long-term land-use planning that preserves urban green space.
Our research partners
Rumi Shammin, Environmental Studies Program, Oberlin College
Northeast Ohio Ecosystem Consortium (NEOECO)
Bernard M. Walton, Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, Cleveland State University
Dr. Mary Gardiner, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University
Dr. Parwinder Grewal, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University


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CBCSE's mission is to improve the efficiency with which public and private resources are employed in education. We conduct research to determine the costs of educational programs as well as the economic value of program impacts in order to encourage educators, evaluators and policymakers to consider these factors in conjunction with program effectiveness in addressing educational goals. By considering both costs and effectiveness or benefits of educational programs, policymakers can optimize resource allocation and enhance productivity in education.
In 1970 Henry Levin published the first article applying the economic principles of cost-effectiveness analysis to education decision-making in a study addressing teacher recruitment and retention. In 1975 Levin detailed the "ingredients method" for determining costs of educational interventions, which begins with the identification of all resources required to implement a program. Since then this method has been further developed and applied in numerous cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of educational interventions. In 2007, CBCSE was officially constituted as a research center based at Teachers College, Columbia University, to conduct research on the productivity of educational programs.
What we do
CBCSE evaluates the productivity of educational programs and interventions by determining costs associated with their implementation and comparing resource requirements with educational or economic outcomes. In cost-benefit analyses we assign economic values to the outcomes produced by a program. Cost-benefit analysis can be used to compare programs addressing different outcomes, for example a program that addresses adolescent literacy with one that addresses college attendance, in order for policymakers to determine how best to distribute available resources for education.
Where several alternative programs are available that address the same educational outcome, for example, increasing the rate of high school completion, we combine program costs with effectiveness data in cost-effectiveness analyses. The resulting cost-effectiveness ratios can be used to rank alternative programs in terms of efficiency such that decision-makers can determine which program will produce the greatest impact for a given investment.


Monday, March 24, 2014
Methodology Monday with Elder Henry Hait (NYGBR)
Methodology is not always rocket science. It can involve dealing with many difficulties, each one small in itself but cumulatively daunting. In the case of the Elder Henry Hait -- the ancestor of Michael Hait, CG, and the subject of his article, the first installment of which is in the January New York Genealogical and Biographical Record -- it involves being aware of at least five potential research pitfalls:
* spelling variations. The title of a classic book on the family tells it: "Hoyt, Haight, Hight," not to mention Hoit or even Hyatt.
* common names in the area, in this case "Henry Hait"!
* borderline matters. For much of his life, Elder Henry lived along the Connecticut-New York border and created records (or failed to do so) in both states.
* family discontinuities, limiting available records and creating considerable uncertainty as to how he fit into the extended Hait family.
* a religious denomination that created useful records, but not the ones genealogists typically reach for first (infant baptisms and marriages).
These add up to a distinct lack of records that provide direct evidence. And even when a record is found naming the father of a Henry Hait, we still have to make sure it's the same person as Elder Henry. This is a US "Dark Age" problem, as Henry lived from 1779 to 1864.
NYGBR co-editors Laura Murphy DeGrazia and Karen Mauer Green make an important point introducing the issue. "Background research" does more than just provide general historical context or color. In this case, historical records of the Primitive Baptists actually provided first-hand information that helped cement the identification of Henry.
Like knowing the law, knowing the relevant denominational history (and its publications!) is like standing on a mountaintop and mapping the ridges and valleys below. It sure beats chopping our way through the brush and wondering where we are or which way we're going.
Michael Hait, "The Ancestry of Elder Henry Hait, Primitive Baptist Preacher of Connecticut and New York," New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 145 (2014): 25-38.
Harold Henderson, "Methodology Monday with Elder Henry Hait," Midwestern Microhistory: A Genealogy Blog, posted 24 March 2014 ( : viewed [date]). [Please feel free to link to the specific post if you prefer.]
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I was brushing up on some basic vocabulary. Asked what the Japanese equivalent of "the means (of doing something)", I would use 方法. However, they've used 手段. As far as I can tell, these are (fairly) synonymous. Is there a difference? Are there places/phrases where you would use one but not the other?
I have always got by taking 方法 as method or "way of doing" and 手段 as "a means": As Tokyo Nagoya says, there is some overlap but if you know when to use method and means in English then try to do the same in Japanese.
(Hint: I think 方法 is the easiest to adopt. You could leave 手段 until after you have heard it used more.)


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The term "defamiliarization" was first coined in 1917 by Viktor Shklovsky in his essay "Art as Device" (alternate translation: "Art as Technique") (Crawford 209). Shklovsky invented the term as a means to "distinguish poetic from practical language on the basis of the former's perceptibility" (Crawford 209). Essentially, he is stating that poetic language is fundamentally different than the language that we use every day because it is more difficult to understand: "Poetic speech is framed speech. Prose is ordinary speech – economical, easy, proper, the goddess of prose [dea prosae] is a goddess of the accurate, facile type, of the "direct" expression of a child" (Shklovsky 20). This difference is the key to the creation of art and the prevention of "over-automatization," which causes an individual to "function as though by formula" (Shklovsky 16). This distinction between artistic language and everyday language, for Shklovsky, applies to all artistic forms:
This technique is meant to be especially useful in distinguishing poetry from prose, for, as Aristotle said, "poetic language must appear strange and wonderful" (Shklovsky 19).
Defamiliarization in Russian literature[edit]
To illustrate what he means by defamiliarization, Shklovsky uses examples from Tolstoy, whom he cites as using the technique throughout his works: "The narrator of 'Kholstomer,' for example, is a horse, and it is the horse's point of view (rather than a person's) that makes the content of the story seem unfamiliar" (Shklovsky 16). As a Russian Formalist, many of Shklovsky's examples use Russian authors and Russian dialects: "And currently Maxim Gorky is changing his diction from the old literary language to the new literary colloquialism of Leskov. Ordinary speech and literary language have thereby changed places (see the work of Vyacheslav Ivanov and many others)" (Shklovsky 19-20).
Defamiliarization also includes the use of foreign languages within a work. At the time that Shklovsky was writing, there was a change in the use of language in both literature and everyday spoken Russian. As Shklovsky puts it: "Russian literary language, which was originally foreign to Russia, has so permeated the language of the people that it has blended with their conversation. On the other hand, literature has now begun to show a tendency towards the use of dialects and/or barbarisms" (Shklovsky 19).
Defamiliarization and différance[edit]
Shklovsky's defamiliarization can also be compared to Jacques Derrida's concept of différance:
Since the term différance refers to the dual meanings of the French word difference to mean both "to differ" and "to defer," defamiliarization draws attention to the use of common language in such a way as to alter one's perception of an easily understandable object or concept. The use of defamiliarization both differs and defers, since the use of the technique alters one's perception of a concept (to defer), and forces one to think about the concept in different, often more complex, terms (to differ).
Shklovskij's formulations negate or cancel out the existence/possibility of "real' perception: variously, by (1) the familiar Formalist denial of a link between literature and life, connoting their status as non-communicating vessels, (2) always, as if compulsively, referring to a real experience in terms of empty, dead, and automatized repetition and recognition, and (3) implicitly locating real perception at an unspecifiable temporally anterior and spatially other place, at a mythic "first time" of naïve experience, the loss of which to automatization is to be restored by aesthetic perceptual fullness. (Crawford 218)


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F40 – the group that has fought for fair funding for schools in England for over two decades – has published a Briefing Paper outlining its current position in relation to the national funding formula for schools and will present it to Members of Parliament on Monday 15 October.
Following the introduction of the government's new national funding formula (NFF) in April, f40 has reviewed its position and agreed the main elements of future campaigning aimed at achieving further improvements to the formula.
"F40 welcomed the government's commitment via the NFF to a fairer system for allocating school funding, and the extra £1.3billion made available for schools between 2018 and 2020," said Ivan Ould, who chairs the group and is also Lead Member for Children and Families at Leicestershire County Council.
"But f40 has fundamental concerns about the NFF and believes it has failed to deliver the level of fairness of funding allocation that is required and there is unanimous recognition within our membership that there is still more work to do to tackle remaining locked-in inequalities."
The main issues raised by f40 are:
- f40 seeks a significant increase in the amount invested in education funding to meet the cost pressures facing all schools. The government must take account of f40's index linked activity-led formula which sets out the true costs of delivering to Ofsted standards. This clearly shows the real cost of running a school. f40 believes the current funding shortfall in schools is £2bn pa.
- Funding continues to be allocated on an historic basis and the average of decisions made in the past by local authorities that had different spending powers. There is no rationale or understanding of the needs of children or schools. f40 continues to argue that an index-linked activity-led formula is the only way to ensure sufficient funding in the system, which is correctly balanced to meet needs. This would allow for future changes of policy direction and allow the creation of a world class system of education to allow our pupils to compete in the post-Brexit age with the rest of the world. Index linking means that the activity-led formula can keep pace with the cost changes as they occur. We will present our updated modelling to the government this month.
- f40 seeks a review of the amount of funding for basic entitlement (core costs such as teachers and heating) relative to the educational additional needs. Core costs must be sufficient to run the school before the costs of additional support are added to school budget. An NFF underpinned by an index-linked activity-led formula could achieve this.
- A key principle for the NFF was that pupils of similar characteristics should attract similar levels of funding wherever they are in the country (allowing for the area cost adjustment). Therefore, NFF should be applied to all schools on a consistent basis. However, the protections applied, such as the 0.5% funding floor, 'lock in' some of the historical differences. Transition to the new formula is sensible but locking in past inequalities is not.
- The Minimum Funding Level (MFL) is applied to bring schools up to an artificial minimum level, but schools with pupils with few additional needs are being funded at the same level of funding as a school with a greater number of additional needs pupils. This is not fair. An activity-led NFF should undertake this role. If the Minimum Funding Level is to stay, then it should be fairly applied to take account of the additional educational needs of individual schools.
- The NFF needs to cover all the funding for mainstream schools, not just the pupil-led elements. NFF has elements that are individual to each school e.g. business rates and sparsity. Funding for these cannot continue to be based upon historical costs. Exceptional premises should be funded at realistic, not historical levels. f40 believes that all schools should be exempted from business rates with a one-off compensating cost adjustment nationally for local government.
- f40 seeks continued funding flexibility to support specific local issues or organisational requirements. The government should allow an element/percentage of the formula to be targeted using local discretion (via the Schools Forum or similar representative group).
- f40 seeks to see plans for the funding formula beyond 2020. We require the establishment of rolling 3-4 year budget settlements for schools which are inflation-proofed, including funding for cost-of-living increases.
- f40 seeks an appropriate quantum of funding be made available for the high needs block. An immediate injection of new funding, estimated on increased costs and demand since 2015, of at least £1.5bn pa. is required. High needs funding supports the most vulnerable pupils in our schools: those with complex SEN, those who are excluded or at risk of exclusion and those that cannot access education for medical reasons. Demand for high needs funding is out-stripping the budgets available. Complexity of the high needs services demanded by children (and their parents) is far greater than just a few years ago: more accurate medical assessment and improved methods of treatment increase demand still further. The high needs crisis has been created in part by the continued use of historic funding levels. Short-term attempts to fix the problem are woefully inadequate. We also want to see the introduction of an annual index-linked review for this block and we request a review of SEN policy and guidance to help manage down demand more effectively.
- f40 seeks a review of the early years national formula to make it fit for future use. An increase in the quantum of funding for early years providers is needed to take account of the pressures of the living wage and the impact of 30 hours. We also seek an annual index-linked review for this block.
- f40 seeks clarity on the way that the Central Schools Services Block will work. It should be index linked to meet increasing costs.
- f40 wants to see parity with Multi Academy Trusts with them being held more accountable, especially with regard to pay and distribution of funding between individual academies in the MAT. An NFF means equality for all schools, including those in MATS.
- f40 seeks a review of the way that Home to School Transport is funded and used. Government needs to recognise the real impact of reducing school transport on pupil choices.
Cllr Ould continued: "Implementation of the NFF has clearly had more to do with stability and the protection of schools against loss, rather than creating a fairer funding system across all schools and local authorities. We contend that an additional funding is needed along with an additional "F" to create a new NFFF – a National Fair Funding Formula.
"In essence the government failed to effectively deal with the core problems associated with the fair funding of our schools. Therefore, the job isn't finished and f40 has no choice but to continue to campaign for further change to assist our schools with very low levels of funding."


The idea in 60 seconds
 - The concept of intelligence can be sliced and diced in many ways.
 - One way is to distinguish Crystalline and Fluid intelligence.
 - Fluid intelligence is essentially IQ – it tends to reduce over time, with age.
 - Crystalline intelligence is the sum of all the information and lessons you've learned along the way. This type of intelligence tends to increase with age.
 - One of the ideas I have picked up over the years is Metcalfe's law.
 - Tie those 3 concepts together, and it seems old age might be more fun than I previously thought it might be.
There are different types of intelligence
I've always been interested in how plausible it is to actually figure out whether someone is intelligent. Dictionary definitions of the word suggest the trait enables someone to recall, manipulate and use information in the pursuit of a goal. (Which raises a natural question – What if Einstein didn't have a goal? He would still be intelligent, right?)
Some will tell you that there are 8 types of intelligence. I personally think Emotional Intelligence is the most important. I know some people who didn't try, and/or didn't do well at school, who are friendly, positive and exceptionally good with people – and they've done very well for themselves 'in the real world'.
Fluid vs Crystalline Intelligence and growing your intelligence
When I studied psychology at the Open University, I was introduced to the notion that there is another way of categorizing intelligence.
 1. Fluid Intelligence:
 How flexible your thinking is. Your ability to solve problems. This generally drops off as you get older.
 2. Crystalline Intelligence:
 The sum of all your life experience. Obviously, your experience grows as you get older.
(Read the definition of fluid and crystalline intelligence here.)
To become more intelligent with age, then, you want to add more to your experience than you lose – in terms of your processing speed.
It seems, to me, that you collect ideas as you go through life, and you could think of each idea as a node in a network.
The theory of Crystalline Intelligence says that each idea you gather as you age adds to your intelligence.
The theory of Crystalline Intelligence suggests that you gather ideas as you get older.
Metcalfe's law and combining ideas
Metcalfe's law simply says that the value of a network is proportional to the number of nodes squared.
It is one of the main reasons internet companies trend towards being monopolies.
In simple terms, if you're the only person who is on Facebook, it's not very useful. If you're the only person who is not on Facebook, the value of you adding yourself to the social media network is huge.Metcalfe's law says that the power of a network is proportional to the number of nodes in it, squared.
img source:
Networks reach a point of critical mass after which they're both useful and self sustaining.
Metcalfe's law says that the total value of all those ideas is proportional to the square of their number. That is, every new idea you collect doubles the value of the network of concepts you hold in your brain.
Final words – Is all this what creates a good entrepreneur?
The HBR says that the factors most likely to make someone successful as an entrepreneur are intelligence, tenacity, age and timing. Apparently, you're far more likely to be a successful entrepreneur in your mid 40s.
I wonder if that's because, at that age, you have all three of the things you need from your brain:
 - Your cognitive processing capabilities are still strong;
 - You've amassed enough life lessons, theories, models, facts and experience; and
 - All of those nodes have been combined through Metcalfe's law to reach a critical mass.
All of which help you create something valuable to others which you can sell for a profit.
Determining whether someone is intelligent based on one concept alone – someone's ability to recall, manipulate and use information in the pursuit of a goal – does not seem plausible. Intelligence is too delicate a trait to decipher so easily. Combining all three concepts – Fluid, Crystalline, and Metcalfe's Law – makes for a more plausible take on how intelligence can be measured.


Skip to definition.
Verb: vex veks
 1. Cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations
 "Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really vexes me";
 - annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at, irritate, rile, nark [Brit], nettle, gravel [US], chafe, devil
 2. Disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress
 "I cannot sleep--my daughter's health is vexing me";
 - worry
 3. Change the arrangement or position of
 - agitate, disturb, commove, shake up, stir up, raise up
 4. Subject to prolonged examination, discussion, or deliberation
 "vex the subject of the death penalty"
 5. Be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly
 "a vexing problem";
 - confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate, perplex, stick, get, puzzle, mystify, baffle, beat, pose, bewilder, flummox, stupefy, nonplus, gravel, dumbfound
Derived forms: vexes, vexed, vexing
Type of: be, cark, debate, deliberate, disorder, displace, displease, disquiet, distract, move, perturb, trouble, unhinge
Encyclopedia: Vex, Switzerland


text:
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The study that is going to be conducted will investigate the difference physical activity participation levels ( PAPL) in children at secondary level, who attend private school and public school to see if the reasons lie in the financial capabilities of t
The first 200 words of this essay...
How dose physical activity participation differ between state and independent schooling at secondary level?
the advantages of taking part in physical activity are evident and it's a very important aspect of life in which it helps to maintain a healthy life style, reduce the risk of obesity, stress, depression and anxiety ( Da conceicao et al, 2010). With only 30% of girls aged 15-16 hitting physical activity guild lines and boys only hitting 47% (Baker et al, 2005) it's hard to ignore the statistics and try and hypothesise what's causing this, as children should be doing at least 60 minutes of exercise a day (Eslinger et al, 2008), which could be split up into different activities throughout the day. Da conceicao (2010) said that not only can children who are inactive can be a financial burden not only on themselves but their families and society.
Why is there such a low level of physical activity participation in adolescence? Does where the attend school have an impact on their physical activity participation levels?
The study that is going to be conducted will investigate the difference physical activity participation levels ( PAPL) in children at secondary
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You are looking at the manual for Wusage 7.1. This product is three years old! Check out Wusage 8.0 and its remarkable new features.
Wusage 7.1 Manual
If you prefer to manually edit your configuration files, use the following syntax for this option:
topos 10 (or another number, or all)Description
The How Many Operating Systems? (topos) option indicates how many
of the most frequently used operating systems should be shown
in each Chart Top Operating Systems (os) report. By default, the top ten operating systems
are shown. The sorting order is determined
by the Top Operating Systems Report: Sort by (osorder) option.
You may specify any whole number of user agents
or the word
Topical Configuration Editor Reference
Alphabetical Configuration Editor Reference
Alphabetical Configuration File Reference
Glossary of Frequently Used Terms


The Netherlands - Of putting together a smart country
The Netherlands - Of putting together a smart country
In the Netherlands, more and more cities are focusing on smart city strategies. Some are following an unconventional approach: the mayor of Den Bosch, Jack Mikkers, relies on "teddy bear challenges".
"No city wants to be a dumb city." Jack Mikkers was in a really good mood during the presentation of the National Smart Cities Strategy last year. Although the cornerstones of the program, developed by a group of cities, companies, local governments, and scientific institutes, were first presented. Nevertheless, it was possible to set up a co-creation. The five largest cities in the Netherlands (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and Eindhoven) and 32 medium to larger cities are known for playing a leading role. The aim of the Smart City strategy is to sustainably improve the quality of life in Dutch cities, especially through the use of digital technologies. The focus is on cybersecurity, data protection, interoperability (the interplay of different technologies or systems), hyper-connectivity, digital open-source-infrastructure, finance, and standardization.
Mikkers is former Mayor of Veldhoven, a municipality in the province of North Brabant. He was invited, among others, by Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte to draft a consolidated Smart City Vision for the Netherlands. Said and done. Today Mikkers is mayor of the city's-Hertogenbosch, colloquially called Den Bosch. The city, which has about 153,000 inhabitants, is also working on becoming "smart". The conditions for doing so do not seem to be bad: 8,000 companies are based in the city, including those that could provide important technologies in the smart city trend - such as SAP, Siemens or Omron Manufacturing, which develops products for industrial automation.
But what makes' Den Bosch a smart city? That's the question we asked Mikkers at the Smart City Expo World Congress 2018 in Barcelona where we met up with him.
Mr. Mikkers, what does the smart city strategy of's-Hertogenbosch look like?
As a city government, we have a responsibility to our citizens, but also to the companies and technological institutes. The responsibility is to solve the challenges in society and provide citizens with the best technologies and solutions. We need technologies to solve problems. But we also have to deal very responsibly with the privacy of the citizens. For example: Do we want to have cameras in every corner of the street? How do we properly use algorithms (to interpret data that shed some light on human behavior)? As a government, we see ourselves as a platform to bring together technology companies, technology institutions, and citizens, as well as the government itself, to solve societal challenges.
Does such a platform already exist?
Well, this is my goal. We start with small projects - "Innovation Labs". There, citizens, companies, technological institutes, and the government can talk together about problems such as traffic jams or those with the parking - to solve them. I call this "Teddy Bear Challenges". It's not about big words like "sustainability", "resilience" or "intelligent mobility". This is too difficult for some citizens.
But when they talk to them about the parking problem or the congestion on their street - then the teddy bears are challenges. This can be described more abstractly - without tackling the big challenges right away. You have to start with the little things.
What are the biggest challenges in the city?
Security. We have about 155,000 people in 14 neighborhoods. In three neighborhoods we have a security problem. Sometimes I wonder who the "boss" is in these neighborhoods - the government, the police or individual citizens? At least I do not want it to be single people. I want to make our citizens less vulnerable to such influences.
Is your city working with specific companies to implement smart city technologies?
Yes. SAP, Signify (Dutch manufacturer of lighting, lighting and electronic components, note) and Heijmans (one of the largest construction companies in the Netherlands, note). We work together and share software and hardware. In order to gain insight into a residential area, we need data. So we bring together the data in a residential area and try to solve the problems there. My goal is also to work with the citizens of these neighborhoods. But first, we have to gain their trust.
Let's get to the national level. What were the cornerstones of the National Smart Cities Strategy?
The strategy was developed by 140 people with different backgrounds: governments, science, economics and so on. We have done quite a few things. First: standardization. For example, there were 24 different traffic light systems in the Netherlands - all of them were "smart" but there was no common standard. If you want to be attractive to companies as a government, something has to be done here.
Secondly, the Netherlands is a country that enjoys a very high level of trust (international, note) in which values play an important role. So, if such a strategy works in the Netherlands, it can be the same in many other countries around the world. What we implement in smart cities can, to some extent, be exported to other countries. This, in turn, is good for the economic situation. Third, the Netherlands, with 17 million inhabitants, is a small country. There must be a "smart" country - instead of 380 different smart cities.
Source: _URL_


text:
the park. Using their knowledge and understanding of symbols and their meanings, prior experiences from visits to the park, artwork, and written work as resources, each student will design a unique Weir Farm National Historic Site badge. After their symbol design is complete, students are provided with pins and other tools to turn their original design into a wearable badge. Students receive a rubric (see attachment 2, Badge Rubric) to set expectations for the activity.
Upon completion of their badge, students are provided with a writing prompt set of questions. (see attachment 3, Badge Questionnaire) Students are now asked to write a paragraph describing his or her badge as well as use the Badge Rubric to self-assess. Original badges are shared with the class, and discussed. All badge designs are displayed in the classroom/school. Park ranger visits classroom for final celebration. Students wear and present their badges and share journals, assessments, and artwork. Students are presented with certificates and become official Junior Rangers of Weir Farm National Historic Site.
The completed paragraphs, artwork, and original Weir Farm National Historic Site symbol design and wearable badge.
Other Evidence, Summarized:
Journal entries, active participation, group discussions, observations, work on symbol/badge design, ability to use recognize symbols at Weir Farm National Historic Site, school grounds, and other community.
Task 1: Students write down observations from analyzing symbols and National Park Service Arrowhead on Smart Board. What are some similarities and differences? What are common features of these symbols? What features do you think are important, and why?
Task 2: Students write journal entries to begin inquiry process. Inform students of upcoming class activity to take place at Weir Farm National Historic Site. Have students look at maps of park for orientation. Ask students to answer journal questions (What do you expect to see? Explain what you know about Weir Farm National Historic Site by looking at the map. What might some of the symbols on the map represent?) Students continue to use journals in class and during visits to the park, documenting resources, thoughts, inspirations, and artistic impressions.
Task 3: Students create a perspective drawing and complete the Hula Hoop Questionnaire. All observations are shared and discussed. Paragraphs and perspective drawings are created and shared.
Task 4: Students create original plein air drawings at Weir Farm National Historic Site. Each drawing is accompanied by a descriptive paragraph. Paragraphs and plein air drawings are shared.
Task 5: Using a rubric, students create an original, wearable Weir Farm National Historic Site badge. The badge incorporates symbols which represent varied perspectives of the park's resources and stories.
Analysis of the Arrowhead symbol includes discussions and a growing understanding of the significance of protection of park resources and the mission of the National Park Service. The symbols represented on the Arrowhead provide a concrete example of what park resources are to be protected and preserved by the National Park Service, i.e., wildlife, landforms, nature, history, cultures.
This lesson plan also engages the students in Weir Farm National Historic Site's cultural and natural resources through immersion and inquiry-based learning.
ExtensionsTeachers are advised to encourage their students to explore their local parks and communities as well visit other national parks, recognizing these places are gifts of natural beauty and cultural history, and that it is their responsibility as stewards and members of the community to protect and preserve places of importance.
McHugh, Erin, et al. National Parks : A Kid's Guide to America's Parks, Monuments and Landmarks. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2012. Print.


text:
- Baroque/Ultima. Game where each type of piece has a different capturing ability. (8x8, Cells: 64) (Recognized!) Author: Hans L. Bodlaender. Inventor: Robert Abbott.
- Berolina Chess. Different moving pawns. (8x8, Cells: 64) (Recognized!) Author: Hans L. Bodlaender.
- Diamond Chess. Based on orthodox chess but rotated 45 degrees (invented in 1886). (8x8, Cells: 64) Author: Greg Strong. Inventor: A.K. Porterfield Rynd.
- Dimension X. Chess on two planes - one with the usual chess pieces, the other with spooky trans-dimensional pieces with strange interactions. (8x8x2, Cells: 128) By Gary K. Gifford.
- Magnetic Chess. Pieces that moved attract and repel pieces like magnets. (8x8, Cells: 64) (Recognized!) By João Pedro Neto and Claude Chaunier.
- Pocket Mutation Chess. Take one of your pieces off the board, maybe change it, keep it in reserve, and drop it on the board later. (8x8, Cells: 64) (Recognized!) By Michael Nelson.
Warning: more than 260 items were found! You may browse the results by starting letter using the links below.
Total items listed: 289


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In the continued drive for greater fuel efficiency and reduced emissions, Caterpillar has developed a hybrid propulsion system, ideal for tugboats or many other marine applications. The Cat Hybrid Propulsion System brings a great deal of flexibility to the vessel, giving captains several options in how they operate their tug. If your vessel spends the majority of its time in standby, position-keeping or low-speed transit modes, a conventional diesel-mechanic propulsion system may be costing you too much in fuel, maintenance and overall lifecycle expenses. Hybrid propulsion systems give you the full diesel-mechanic power and performance you need in work mode — then let you switch to more efficient diesel-electric operation in other applications. The result? Higher average engine load, fuel savings, significantly reduced maintenance costs, increased uptime and a lot more.
The Cat Hybrid Propulsion System can be developed as stem-to-stern solution, with a pair of primary diesel engines connected to the vessel's azimuth drives. In addition to the diesel engines, the Cat Hybrid Propulsion System includes VFD controlled booster motors, which are also tied to the azimuth drives. The booster motors are powered by generator sets and/or batteries and the load balancing and switching between operation modes are handled in a highly optimized control system.
Popular power options for the Cat Hybrid Propulsion System include Caterpillar's highly esteemed 3500 marine power series, and a suitable selection of generator sets.
WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF UTILIZING DIESEL AND ELECTRIC TOGETHER?
If maximum performance is needed from the azimuth drives, a captain can combine full power from the diesel engines with the booster motors to get top bollard pull. If, though, the vessel is in transit or in standby, then the main diesel engines can be shut down and the smaller generators used to create enough thrust. And if conventional tugboat capabilities are desired, the diesel engines can be used to power the azimuth thrusters without the booster motors. This ability to switch on the fly offers obvious benefits, including:
- Increased fuel efficiency – In transit or standby, the vessel can run its smaller generators at a higher load, getting more out of every drop of fuel.
- Reduced running hours – With additional power options on the vessel, captains can protect their primary engines from unnecessary wear.
- Reduced maintenance costs – Caterpillar's C-series of generator sets are smaller than the 3500 engines, which means they are easier to service, and cost less to do so. Captains can take advantage of this by prioritizing generator usage whenever possible.
- Reduced emissions – Better fuel efficiency and higher average engine load means lower emissions.
The Cat Hybrid Propulsion System gives every captain what they want – options. And with more options comes more performance and more efficiency.
MEET THE NEW CAT HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEM
HARBOR DOCKING AND TOWING CHOOSES WASHBURN & DOUGHTY FOR NEW TUGS FEATURING CAT® HYBRID PROPULSION
Caterpillar Marine is pleased to announce a contract to supply an integrated hybrid propulsion solution on two new vessels for Harbor Docking and Towing based in Houston, Texas. The vessels will be designed and built by Washburn & Doughty in East Boothbay, Maine. This sales contract is a culmination of joint efforts between Milton Cat and Louisiana Cat who supports Harbor Docking and Towing's vessels operating in Lake Charles, LA. Caterpillar will be providing a 'stem-to-stern' Cat® content hybrid propulsion system scope including 3512E main engines, C18 generator sets, a C7.1 generator set, shaft lines, MTA 628 azimuth drives, booster motors, VFD's, switchgear, and a fully integrated and simple to use control system. Read more about this in our press release!


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Thousands of Scouts are being given the opportunity to learn practical DIY skills with the introduction of a badge in DIY.
Scouts will be able to learn simple jobs such as changing a tap washer and unblocking a sink, but will also be given the chance to learn more complicated tasks. The new badge is being introduced in partnership with B&Q, and the badge will have differing skills levels.
Scout Association spokesman Simon Carter said 'Scouting is all about helping young people develop the skills they need for life. The types of skills girls and boys can acquire from gaining the DIY badge are the type of practical skills that are needed as they grow up and live independently away from the family home.'
Here at DIY Doctor HQ, we've been busy writing lots of new projects for the website, with a focus on garden-based projects for the summer (hoping that we have some more good weather!).
So if you are needing some advice or inspiration on an outdoor project take a look - they include step by step advice on how to stain a fence and staining your decking, designing your patio, how to build an exterior block screen, cutting a hedge, installing a water butt and building an arbour.
We've got advice if you have, or would like to have, a grassy garden with help on how to lay turf and how to repair a damaged lawn, plus things to consider if you are creating a garden path. Hopefully we will be having some more sunny weather soon, so we have a new project on building a barbecue, so you can enjoy cooking and eating in your garden too!
For these plus all our other projects, go to our main projects page and take a look!


text: This is a research paper. Use as many refereneces as needed but it needs to substantive. They must be Australian references unless you are comparing another commonwealth country Family Law Act. The research topic is: The Australian Family Law Act of 1975 needs reforming: There are many things that need reforming like, Family Violence, Family Consultant Reports, Family disoutr Resolution, Rules of Evidence, Heresay rules, Cross examination of witnesses in Family violence. This is an example Please provide an outline for review as well so I can review what you intend on doing.


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Post Traumatic Growth Comes Full Circle
The brain likes what is familiar. Trauma creates a loss overall and the brain has difficulty attaching a meaningful story to it because it is not familiar. Post Traumatic Growth (PTG) coming full circle is the result of successfully processing such trauma. PTG is what happens after trauma has been processed and a different story is attached to the event. When one experiences trauma directly or indirectly, it often creates disconnection, depressive symptoms, avoidance behaviors, startle reflex, lack of safety, hyper vigilance, feeling detached from others and at times, psychotic states (dissociation). Once the trauma is fully processed, the therapist will often move the patient into what is termed the "Post Traumatic Growth" stage in order to heal the heart.
There are 3 important stages to PTG. To fully experience the healing of the heart, the patient is, first, encouraged to re-establish connections. Humans rely on social contexts and frameworks to feel a sense of belonging and comfort. Re-establishing connections requires trust and risk, which may be a challenge at this stage. Secondly, feeling a sense of compassion for self and others begins to develop with time. It is expected that, at this stage, that the patient will begin to continue with self care techniques, while developing and maintaining an empathic response within their social circles. Finally, when the patient is able to extend his or her compassion into a meaningful contribution to help others, a true genuine connection is made. It is often at the contribution stage where the PTG comes full circle. And, when a patient comes full circle, hope emerges. And, hope can change the world.
~Lisa Schiro, M.S., LPC


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The online EBITDA Margin Calculator is used to calculate the EBITDA margin.
EBITDA margin is a measure of a company's profitability, calculated as EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) divided by total revenue. The value of EBIT margin measures the extent to which cash operating expenses use up revenue.
The EBITDA Margin calculation formula is as following:
EBITDA Margin = EBITDA / Total Revenue


text:
A (1) : preconceived judgment or opinion (2) : an adverse opinion or leaning formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge. B : an instance of such judgment or opinion. C : an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics. (emphasis added)
A : of or relating to an enemy . B : marked by malevolence : having or showing unfriendly feelings . C : openly opposed or resisting . D (1) : not hospitable (2) : having an intimidating, antagonistic, or offensive nature .


text: Summary Experiments were carried out on female albino (Wistar) rats to establish ricin's liver damaging effect. In accordance with the data in the literature it seems that: 1. 2 μg/kg i.p. ricin (investigated 24 h later of its administration) has a detectable hepatotoxic effect; i.e. electron-density changes of cells and swelling of mitochondria. These findings correspond to the common and first ultra-structural signs of liver cell damage. This result was further strengthened by the fact that serum ALT and AST values were significantly elevated compared to the control value. 2. The next steps of ricin's damaging effect have been detected at 10 μg/kg i.p. dose, — namely: Effect on smooth endoplasmic reticulum: in its place there is a loose, foam-structured unidentified material, — while in the granulated endoplasmic reticulum the number of ribosomes decreased, similarly to the glycogen granules. 3. 200 μg/kg i.p. ricin caused a severe liver-cell damage. The mitochondria showed early degenerative signs, — and both endoplasmic reticulums were further damaged. The most significant feature is the complete lack of ribosomes in the tubular structure of the granulated endoplasmic reticulum. This latter finding enlights the known inhibitory effect of ricin on protein synthesis. The serum enzyme-levels remained in the pathological range. No early sign of enzyme (Cytochrome P 450) induction could be observed.


be provided by convex lenses in front of the eye, an arrangement called the presbyopic correction.
 Mechanism of accommodation
 It is essentially an increase in curvature of the anterior surface of the lens that is responsible for the increase in power involved in the process of accommodation. A clue to the way in which this change in shape takes place is given by the observation that a lens that has been taken out of the eye is much rounder and fatter than one within the eye; thus, its attachments by the zonular fibres to the ciliary muscle within the eye preserve the unaccommodated or flattened state of the lens; and modern investigations leave little doubt that it is the pull of the zonular fibres on the elastic capsule of the lens that holds the anterior surface relatively flat. When these zonular fibres are loosened, the elastic tension in the capsule comes into play and remolds the lens, making it smaller and thicker. Thus, the physiological problem is to find what loosens the zonular fibres during accommodation. The ciliary muscle has been described earlier, and it has been shown that the effect of contracting its fibres is, in general, to pull the whole ciliary body forward and to move the anterior region toward the axis of the eye by virtue of the sphincter action of the circular fibres. Both of these actions will slacken the zonular fibres and therefore allow the change in shape. As to why it is the anterior surface that changes most is not absolutely clear, but it is probably a characteristic of the capsule rather than of the underlying lens tissue. Defective accommodation in presbyopia is not due to a failure of the ciliary muscle but rather to a hardening of the substance of the lens with age to the point that readjustments of its shape become ever more difficult.
 Nerve action
 Accommodation is an involuntary reflex act, and the ciliary muscle belongs to the smooth involuntary class. Appropriate to this, the innervation is through the autonomic system, the parasympathetic nerve cells belonging to the oculomotor nerve (the third cranial nerve) occupying a special region of the nucleus in the midbrain called the Edinger-Westphal nucleus; the fibres have a relay point in the ciliary ganglion in the eye socket, and the postganglionic fibres enter the eye as the short ciliary nerves. The stimulus for accommodation is the nearness of the object, but the manner in which this nearness is translated into a stimulus is not clear. Thus, the fact that the image is blurred is not sufficient to induce accommodation; the eye has some power of discriminating whether the blurredness is due to an object being too far away or too close, so that something more than mere blurredness is required.
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293: KETTLEBELL CONCEPTS: Total Body KB Blast™!
It's hard to beat the KB for total body strength and aerobic conditioning! In this Level 1 class, you'll learn the basics behind the science of this unique modality. Then, you will see how incredibly versatile this "simple" tool can be, because it isn't just another weight! The movements and progressions demand time and patience on the part of the teacher, but can be very rewarding when properly applied. BYOM


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At a time when the federal government is spending $28 million to promote the anniversary of the War of 1812, the significant funding cuts being proposed for the Rideau Canal system are inconsistent and baffling.
The canal is a historical gem, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, whose painstaking and sometimes deadly construction was integral to the founding and development of Bytown, and to the eventual selection of Ottawa as the country's capital.
There is, in fact, a direct link between the War of 1812, which is being commemorated through a special silver dollar, a national monument, re-enactments, exhibits and more, and the canal. The Rideau Canal was built as a strategic military initiative after a report during the War of 1812 that the U.S. intended to invade Upper Canada by way of the St. Lawrence River, which would have cut Kingston off from Montreal. The Rideau Canal provided an alternate route to Montreal, by way of the Ottawa River. Although it was never used as a military supply route, the canal played a key role in the early development of Canada.
The federal government's lavish support for War of 1812 commemorations undermines its argument that $2 million in cuts to the Rideau Canal's budget are necessary to restore federal fiscal balance. Surely the responsibility to adequately preserve and maintain the country's heritage infrastructure is as important as extensive commemorations of a 200-year-old war. It is illogical for a government to be simultaneously taking action to promote history while making budget cuts which, for a relatively small sum of money, may well dim and degrade a historical treasure.
The canal's history is significant, but what makes it so important is that it is still being used. The fact that a canal built by hand in the last 1820s and early 1830s is still used by boaters and skaters and visited by tourists makes the Rideau Canal a rare piece of living history. Not only does it help enhance understanding of Canadian history, but it is an economic lifeline for many of the small communities connected to it. They could suffer if canal operations are cut back.
Municipal politicians from the 13 communities along the Rideau corridor argue convincingly that such cuts would be disproportionate, compared to other Parks Canada cuts. Parks Canada needs to look at ways to better protect and enhance the canal rather than squeezing short-sighted budget savings out of it.
© Copyright (c) The Ottawa Citizen


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Study: Action Video Games May Increase Capability for Suicide Attempts
Researchers at Texas Tech University claim that someone who is already thinking about committing suicide may be more capable of attempting suicide if they play "action video games."
The researchers linked an increase in the capability of someone to commit suicide to the lack of fear of pain and death. According to Texas Tech:
"Acquired capability is an increased fearlessness about death, not being as afraid to die, and also an increased pain tolerance – not being as sensitive to pain. Increased acquired capability allows individuals to overcome the fear and pain that would inhibit a suicide attempt."
The study's lead author, Sean Mitchell, said that their research did not provide a clear picture into whether violent video games caused an increase in the capability of someone to commit suicide.
"We didn't assess change over time," Mitchell said. "Some studies say people play violent video games, which causes them to be more aggressive. Other studies say there's no association. Other studies say the opposite: people who are already more violent seek out violent video games. We see findings that show all of it, so there's not a clear picture. Without doing intensive study over a long period of time, we can't really say what causes what."
Time spent playing action video games also seemed to play a role in the research as Mitchell points out.:
"The more hours of video games you play, the higher your acquired capability tended to be. But if we took into consideration what kinds of video games you're playing, we saw that if you play action games, which tend to be more violent, there is a stronger relationship between hours of video game play and acquired capability. However, if you don't play action games, there was no relationship. So, hours of video game play is associated with increased acquired capability only when they report playing action games."
The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, included data from 228 students at Texas Tech University.
If you were wondering what type of games were classified as "action" games, they include: Grand Theft Auto, Mortal Kombat, Halo, Call of Duty, Tomb Raider, and Street Fighter.


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Amazingly, if we were actually able to convert matter perfectly to energy with 1 kg of matter being completely annihilated, the energy produced from just that small amount of matter is about 42.95 mega tons of TNT. So an adult male weighing in at around 200 pounds has somewhere in the vicinity of 4000 megatons of TNT potential in their matter if completely annihilated.
This is about 80 times more energy than was produced by the largest ever detonated nuclear bomb, the Tzar Bomba, which itself produced a blast about 1,400 times more powerful than the combined explosions of the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
To further illustrate, 1 megaton of TNT, when converted to kilowatt hours, makes enough electricity to power an average American home for about 100,000 years. It is also enough to power the entire United States for a little over 3 days. So 1 kg of some matter being completely annihilated would be able to power the entire United States for about four months. One average adult male then, when completely annihilated, would produce enough energy to power the U.S. for about 30 years. Energy crisis solved.
On a completely baffling scale, a typical supernova explosion will give off about 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 megatons of TNT. *cowers in the corner*


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the data are pseudo-3D.
fid.com is the usual conversion script, but adjusted to take input name, output name, and tau value from the command-line. In the example script here, the tau value is set during conversion. The tau value recorded with a particular spectrum is included in the output of the showhdr command (only non-zero tau values are listed). One can also set or change the recorded tau value of an NMRPipe FID or spectrum with the sethdr command, for example: sethdr ft/test001.dat -tau 8
ft2.com is the usual processing script, but adjusted to take input name, and output name from the command-line. In the example script here, the GM window function is used to make the final lineshapes as close to Gaussian as possible, since the spectrum will later be fit to Gaussian lineshapes (see the section on GM below).
Note: fit.com produces both the nlin.tab (the result of the lineshape fitting program) and the aux.tab (the result of the seriesTab program). The script also produces a simulated spectral series sim/test%03d.ft2 and a residual series dif/test%03d.ft2. The simulated spectra and residual should be inspected carefully to evaluate the success of the lineshape fitting procedure.
How to select GM Gaussian window parameters in NMRDraw
The "nmrpipe -fn GM" command applies a Lorentz-to-Gauss window, which is a combination of an inverse exponential and a Gaussian. The purpose of the window is to replace the exponential decay of the original data with a Gaussian decay, so that the transformed result will have Gaussian-like lineshapes rather than Lorentzian-like ones.
The exponential term -g1 is specified as a line sharpening in Hz. The Gaussian term -g2 is specified as a line broadening in Hz. This line broadening will generally be set much larger than the line sharpening, so that the final result decays close to zero at the last points of the FID. In most cases, the g1 parameter is selected to match the natural exponential decay of the FID. One way to select g1 is to interactively apply several -g1 values to an FID or interferogram in an attempt to get a non-decaying result.
In the case of a 2D or 3D spectrum:
(SP –off 0.5 –end 0.95 –c …)
GM -gl 10 (not enough, signal still decays, Figure 22)
GM -g1 -10 (start over, Figure 23)
GM -g1 20 (too much, signal increases, Figure 24)
GM -g1 -20 (start over, Figure 23)
GM -g1 15 (just right, signal is uniform, Figure 25)
5. You can choose the g2 parameter in a similar way, with the goal of getting an exponentially well-decayed FID after both g1 and g2 are applied together. In practice g2 will be 1.5 to 3.0 times larger than g1 for a good result (Figure 26).


Troubleshooting DRS in Configmgr
The Basics of Replication in Configmgr
Configmgr underwent a shift several years ago as Microsoft tried to fix that backlog issue that customers often times encountered with the file based replication style. The hierarchy architecture was flattened and replication went from files to SQL, for the most part at least. This is well covered on TechNet so I will spare you the details.
There are some additional basics of replication that should be stated for completeness of the topic.
Configmgr does not use the built-in SQL replication it uses components of SQL and manages the replication of data on its own. The easiest way I can state this is, the product team coded their own replication into the product, it does not use the built in features of Microsoft SQL Replication.
There are mainly two types of data replication between sites, Global data and Site data. Global data is replicated from the CAS downward, while site data is the opposite.
Global data includes data such as collection rules.
Site data includes things like collection results and client data.
Each data type contains several replication groups that logically groups data from different tables together. These replication groups are classified as global and site replication groups.
select * from vReplicationData is a query to display all replication groups.
If you want to see what replication groups are included as part of global or site data, simply modify the previous query by specifying the type of data, similar to these.
select * from vReplicationData where Replicationpattern = 'global
select * from vReplicationData where Replicationpattern = 'site
Want to see what data is part of that replication group from the output of the previous two queries? The first column of the output should be ID, simply select the matching ID from the replication group you want to investigate and use the following query. Replace 30 with the ID number you are interested in.
select * from vArticleData where ReplicationID = 30
ID 1 – 14 is global data, 15 is cloud data, 16 – 30 is for site data, 31 – 33 is for secondary site replication data, beyond 33 is typically more site data replication groups.
RepGroups-Global and Cloud 1-15RepGroups-Sites 17-30RepGroups-SecondarySitesRepGroups-34 plus
Since we are almost to the real meat of what data is being sent why not look and see what tables are included in a group? And what better to look at than HWINV data? This query will return the list of tables that is being replicated as part of any of the replication groups with Hardware_Inventory in the name of the group.
select ArticleName from ArticleData where ReplicationID in (select ID from vReplicationData where ReplicationGroup like 'Hardware_Inventory%')
UPDATE: A friend was gracious enough to send me an email regarding the previous query and how to better see what data is in a replication group I recommend using his below. He is easily one of the foremost experts on DRS and how to troubleshoot replication. He and his team have one of the largest implementations of SCCM globally and it is magnificently run. Just from an efficiency standpoint, his query is much better and more elegant.
"HINV replication groups vary by install and by how much you extend the mof. I don't think any 2 groups look alike or contain the same data.
To see what data is in each I use this:"
SELECT Rep.ReplicationGroup,
 App.ArticleName, App.ReplicationID
FROM vArticleData AS App
INNER JOIN v_ReplicationData AS Rep ON App.ReplicationID = Rep.ID
ORDER BY Rep.ReplicationGroup, App.ArticleName
Another important aspect of DRS is the SQL Service Broker (SSB) which handles incoming and outgoing messages, guaranteeing their delivery by allowing them to use an asynchronous queue to store the messages in. If this cannot function the flow of data into and out of SQL replication will stop.
Site Data Processing – An Example
When a client runs its scheduled hardware inventory it stores the output of the WMI data in an XML file. Then the client copies that XML file up to its management point (MP). Assuming the MP is not a primary site server, the MP message handler processes the clients XML file and it gets converted into a MIF file. Then the MP File Dispatch Manager takes the MIF file and uploads into the clients primary site servers dataldr inbox folder. The MIF file is then read by the data loader component and the data is inserted in the SQL database.
Technically, there are more than two types of data being replicated, but technically Configmgr can also use the built-in SQL replication too, technically.
Additional info from TechNet:
Plan for Database Replication Thresholds
How to Monitor Database Replication Links and Replication Status
Procedures for Monitoring Database Replication
Advanced Troubleshooting of Replication in Configmgr
When the Data Replication Service (DRS) stops working it can be a nightmare. If replication breaks and you cannot fix it within a certain amount of time you will lose data and if you have to re-initialize your replication it generate gigs and gigs of network traffic across the wire as you replicate all that data to each site server, again. Below are some additional tips to help when troubleshooting DRS when the Replication Link Analyzer (RLA) doesn't do the trick.
Running RLA in a script or from the cmd prompt:
%path%\Microsoft Configuration Manager\AdminConsole\bin\Microsoft.ConfigurationManager.ReplicationLinkAnalyzer.Wizard.exe
From TechNet: About the Replication Link Analyzer
 If RLA fails any remediation actions while it is running, the log files contain more detail than the XML file. Also, ensure that it was able to restart the SMS_SITE_COMPONENT_MANAGER and SMS_EXECUTIVE services.
Verbose Logging
The first step is to get more information from the log files, this is accomplished the same way as all other logs in CM, by modifying the amount of logging through registry keys. There are two different log types we are going to use, your standard text based log files you typically view with notepad, splunk, or cmtrace, while the other type of log files are viewed in SQL because they are SQL managed components of Configmgr and the logging is stored in SQL tables not like the.log files for the majority of Configmgr's components. You can add this to the long list of reasons why SQL should be ON BOX and CM admins should have sysadmin forever on their SQL instance(s). Moving on.
Replication Configuration Monitor Log
Rcmctrl.log – Replication Configuration Monitoring (RCM) log file that shows an overview of sync status, site status and stored procs used.
Rcmctrl Regkey: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\SMS\Components\SMS_REPLICATION_CONFIGURATION_MONITOR\Verbose logging
Default is Value 0
DWORD Value 0 = Errors and key messages
DWORD Value 1 = Errors, key messages, and more general information*
DWORD Value 2 = Everything (Verbose)*
*Make sure you return this back to 0 after you have resolved your DRS issues.
By default the two replication groups that record messages to the Rcmctrl.log are Site Control Data and Configuration Data, if you see errors with another replication group you can include it in the logging by adding it to the following registry key.
*Make sure you return this back to the default after you have resolved your DRS issues. The default is: Site Control Data,Configuration Data
SQL Components Logging
vLogs (stored in SQL views) – Because some components of RCM are running in SQL Server hosted managed code, each of these components is provided a table in CM SQL db to record log messages to. Logging is recorded in: vDrsReceivedMessages, vDrsReceivedHistory, vDrsSendHistory, vDrsSentMessages, vDrsSyncHistory, and vDrsSyncMessages
Default is Value 1
DWORD Value 0 = Errors and critical information only
DWORD Value 1 = Errors, critical information, warnings, and general information
DWORD Value 2 = Everything (Verbose)*
*Make sure you return this back to 1 after you have resolved your DRS issues.
Now that additional details are being logged here are two queries to run that will display details of the vLogs information. If you cannot determine the source of the problem using this information I have listed below some additional queries and troubleshooting information.
Query the SQL vLog
Now we are ready to query the vLog and get extra details. A word of caution first, I recommend that you use the first query that only returns the first 1000 messages, by running the query and not limiting it you risk making things worse by adding additional pressure to your SQL db when it may already be in a degraded state and using the maximum amount of resources it has available.
This query returns the last thousand messages which have been logged, ordered by the time they were written into the database.
select Top 1000 * from vLogs order by LogTime desc
This query does not limit the messages returned and may cause your server to fall over! This is your second and final warning.
select * from vLogs where LogTime > GETDATE()-1 and ProcedureName <> 'spDRSSendChangesForGroup' ORDER BY