Football has developed a lot over the course of time. Modern football is much more demanding than the one played in the eighties and nineties. This primarily refers to the pace of the game, because today's football is much faster than the football that was once played. A large number of matches in various competitions, national team obligations and training, all that requires a lot of effort on the part of the players. Unfortunately, it leads to a great expenditure of players, to fatigue of their muscles, knees, joints, so players often decide to end their careers in their thirties. Most footballers retire at 30 years of age. Moreover, with age players lose their speed and other performance attributes, which are very important for the game. Modern football does not tolerate a player who is slow and cannot follow the pace of the game.
You are not in a position to improvise in today's football. It requires a high level of preparation and fitness. In addition, the players' injuries heal more slowly with age. Injured players cannot respond to the tasks of the coach and the schedule of games that today's football requires. That's why most footballers decide to end their careers in their 30s. In the eighties and nineties, the pace of football was slower with much less obligations during the season. The schedule of training and obligations was not so tight, so the players could rest more between games. During this era, it was not strange for players to play after they are in their thirties and forties. They had plenty of time to rest and the pace was quite easier to handle than it is today. Why do footballers retire at 30 years?
What are The Reasons for Players Retiring After 30?
 - No Time for Their Family
There are a number of reasons why footballers retire at 30 years of ageOne is that modern football implies a lot of obligations, with a lot of competitive matches where the player does not have enough time to dedicate to his family. Many footballers retire earlier precisely due to this desire to spend more time with their families. Many get fed up with time, because they have achieved everything they wanted and lose the motivation to move on. This also includes the trophies they won and financial security. Nevertheless, these reasons for withdrawal are less significant when compared to others.
 - Loss of Physical Capabilities
With age, players primarily lose speed and strength. It is difficult for a player in his mid-thirties to race in a game with much younger players. Lack of strength and fitness to respond to the game's requirements for the entire 90 minutes affects the player's self-confidence. His/her games are much weaker, which will inevitably result in the loss of pace and energy in the team. A player in his thirties cannot respond to the activities that modern football requires.
Unfortunately, the great efforts that the player made until then were reflected in the wear of muscles, joints, knees, so the player eventually becomes slower and more prone to injuries. Injuries that players receive in those years heal more slowly. Many players whose contracts with clubs expire encounter the problem of engaging in another club. It is difficult for the club to offer a contract to a player in his late playing years and this is why most footballers retire in their 30s.
 - Injuries
Notably, the most common reason for the retirement of football players are injuries. Severe injuries unfortunately interrupted the careers of many players. One of the most serious injuries of football players, in addition to a broken leg or arm, is an injury to the anterior cruciate ligaments. It is an extremely strong ligament that serves to stabilize the knee and this is one of the most serious injuries in sports in general. This postoperative injury requires a rehabilitation period lasting from 6 months to a year. About 60 percent of injuries in football are knee injuries. This often happens because of the crampons on the cleats that footballers use.
The crampons provide stability at the shot but the rotational forces are much tougher at the knee. Meniscus and knee injuries have to be treated surgically. Additionally, distortion or spraining of the ankle is a common injury in football. It happens due to contact or awkward movement. Groin pain is something footballers also complain about. Foot injuries are also typical due to contact with opposing players, jumping, shooting or bad equipment. Bone fractures as a result of the opponents' starts or bad falls. These are some of the most common injuries and as football players grow older, they start experiencing huge problems and challenges.
Can Footballers Continue to Play & Not Retire After the Age of 30?
 - Paolo Maldini
Although many players end their careers in their mid-thirties, there is a group of players who also played in their forties. One of the most famous is certainly Paolo Maldini. From 1985 to 2009, many players passed through AC Milan, but one was extremely special. The inimitable captain and leader of AC Milan has always captivated other footballers and fans with his calmness and leadership on the field. He was the leader of the team that brought Milan many successes and remained one of the best players in the history of Milan. He ended his career at the age of 41. All that time he played only for Milan, where he made his debut at the age of 17.
 - Francesco Totti
Another legendary Italian player ended his career only at the age of 41. It is the phenomenal Roma captain Francesco Totti. The Prince of Rome is renowned for his mastery on the field, great techniques and devastating shotsHe is the greatest player in the history of the club from Rome. He dedicated his entire life to Roma, in which he recorded 619 appearances during his career and scored 250 goals. Like Maldini, he left a big mark on the Italian national team, with which he won the title of world champion in Germany in 2006.
 - Javier Zanetti
Another exceptional football player who played on the Apennine Peninsula and played until he was 41 is the legendary Javier Zanetti. He was the captain of Nero Azure for 15 years. This player, who was characterized by great physical fitness and agility, became one of the best right backs in the history of football. Many famous experts were on the Inter bench, but it was always known who the coach's extended hand on the field was. Zanetti was the captain of the generation that brought the Champions League trophy in 2010 and won the famous triplet. He eventually retired in 2014.
 - Other Players
In addition to these three phenomenal players, there are numerous examples of players who ended their careers in the forties. Legendary Brazilian Rivaldo played football until he was 43 years old. Also, his compatriot Romario played until he was 42 years old. Interesting is the information of Roze Mile, the legendary Cameroonian who played until he was 44 years old. He is the oldest player to score a goal in the history of World Cup. He achieved that when he was 42 years old. Ryan Giggs ended his career at the age of forty. As for the football players who played in England, in addition to Giggs, it is worth mentioning Teddy Seringham and Kevin Phillips.
Why do Goalkeepers Retire Later than Other Footballers do?
It is a famous saying that goalkeepers are like wine, the older the better. Despite footballers retire at 30 and are mature in their twenties, goalkeepers mature in their thirties. Of all the positions in the football team, the goalkeeper's career is definitely the longest. There are numerous examples of top goalkeepers who defended or still defend in their forties, and the quality of their performances has never declined. The main advantage of the goalkeeper in relation to other players is the space in which they operate. When football players enter their thirties, they lose speed and therefore can no longer answer the tasks that modern football requires. Moreover, during their career there is a great consumption of their muscles, knees, joints, so their performance is at a lower level than previously. There is a huge consumption of strength which is directly related to the game they provide.
First of all, what goalkeepers get in their thirties is experience. An experienced goalkeeper knows how to position himself, what angle he should cover, how to get to the centre kick and when he needs to calm down the game. Unlike football players in other positions, even though they also wear out their joints, knees and muscles, this fact does not reflect so much on their game. The most important is the reflex and the speed of their movement. The goalkeeper will run only a few times during the game, so the fact that their


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Dr. Henry Bart and his "Field Studies in Environmental Science" class recently participated in a field trip to Frackville, Centralia, and Mahanoy City, PA to learn about coal, energy, and environmental impact. Photo's shown are of the strip mine (with the large shovel), as well as Centralia which has an underground coal fire that has destroyed the town (note the steam coming out of the surface). This fire has been burning for more than 40 years - there is no way to extinguish it.
They also went to a co-generation plant that produces energy from waste coal mixed with shale rock. It makes steam and electricity, at the same time removing the large piles of waste coal that have been leaching acid runoff into the streams and groundwater.
Click here to view more pictures of this Environmental Science Field trip and others.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Do Your Patients Have Orthotic Arch Irritation When Standing For Long Periods?
Larry Huppin DPM
A colleague called me recently with a question regarding a patient who feels that his orthoses are very comfortable when he is walking on them but they are feeling hard when he stands in one place on the orthotic devices.
This is an issue I run into a lot. I practice in Seattle and treat a lot of Boeing employees who stand on concrete all day. I have found those people who are standing in one place on hard surfaces do not usually tolerate quite as much arch height as those that spend most of their day walking or sitting.
There are some easy ways to avoid this situation and to correct for it when it does occur.
To help avoid having the patient feel excessive pressure in the arch, one of the easiest things to do is make the orthosis somewhat wider. If the patient is going to be standing in one place for long periods of time, I like to ensure that the orthosis is the full width of the patient's foot. Standard width orthoses, which traditionally extend medially to about the midpoint of the first metatarsal shaft, often leave a small portion of the medial foot hanging over the edge of the orthosis. This can lead to edge irritation. By making the orthosis wider, you not only avoid this edge irritation but also spread force over a larger surface area.
Another hint is to always let the patient know that you would rather have the orthoses a little too rigid or a little too high in the arch than having them too flexible or too low. The reasoning for this is that devices that conform better to the arch of the foot and do not collapse are usually more effective at decreasing tension on the plantar fascia, reducing pressure under the ball of the foot, and decompressing the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Those three functions take care of the majority of the reasons for which we make custom orthotic devices.
However, when you are making a device that conforms very closely to the arch of the foot and is fairly rigid, there is more potential that the patient may feel the arch of the orthoses.
I let my patients know it is very easy to make the orthoses more flexible but almost impossible to make it more rigid or higher if it is not effective enough at taking care of their symptoms. To make the orthosis more flexible and decrease pressure on the arch, all you need to do is take the polypropylene orthoses up to a grinder and grind them thinner from the bottom of the orthoses. By thinning the polypropylene shell, you will increase the flexibility of the device and decrease the orthotic reactive force being applied to the foot.
Another option is to simply make the orthotic devices with a lower arch and more flexibility. The advantage of this is the devices are much more likely to be comfortable when the patient is standing for long periods on hard surfaces. However, the disadvantage is that when the patient is active or exercising, the devices are less likely to be effective in reducing the stress on those tissues that lead to metatarsalgia, plantar fasciitis, hallux limitus, and other pathologies commonly treated with orthotics.
I think one of the best options and one that I use commonly with patients who spent lots of time standing on hard surfaces is to simply make them two pair of orthoses. They will have a pair with the lower arch and some increased flexibility to use when they are standing for long periods. They will also have a pair that conforms closely to the arch of foot and has more rigidity for those times when they are exercising and doing other activities that are more likely to result in pathologic forces. The concept is similar to having a specialized pair of eyeglasses for computer use in addition to day-to-day glasses.
Editor's note: This blog was originally published at and has been adapted with permission from Lawrence Huppin, DPM, and ProLab Orthotics. For more information, visit.
When I have had the same complaint from my patients, the first thing I evaluate is the stability of the shank area of their "standing" shoe. Many work shoes and shoes designed for law enforcement personnel have weak shanks or ones that fatigue rapidly. Without a stable shank, the orthotic will not be resting on a stable base and the patient will feel increased pressure in the arch, forefoot or heel depending on the style of shoe they are wearing to stand.
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Engineering Project A (ELEC4710)
This unit of study builds on the technical competencies introduced in the previous years. The project work is spread over two units (Engineering Project A and B). In Engineering Project A, students are required to plan and begin work on their project and roughly complete half the work required for the whole 'final year' project. In particular, it should include almost all the planning, literature review, and a significant proportion of the experimental or analytical work required of the project. The student will prepare a Progress Report at the end of semester detailing the context of the problem, relevant background research and progress to date. The progress at the end of Engineering Project A will be evaluated by the supervisor based on the thoroughness of the proposed program and the progress achieved during the semester. The student can only progress to Engineering Project B on attainment of a satisfactory result in Engineering Project A.
In Engineering Project B, the students are required to complete the remaining aspects of the project, present their results to their peers and academic staff in a seminar format, and prepare and submit a detailed Treatise.
The final grade is based on the work done in both Engineering Project A and B, and will be awarded upon successful completion of Engineering Project B.
Our courses that offer this unit of study
Further unit of study information
Project Work - own time 12 hrs/week.
Through semester assessment (100%)
Faculty/department permission required?
Unit of study rules
Prerequisites and assumed knowledge
36 credits of 3rd year units of study
Study this unit outside a degree
Non-award/non-degree study
Cross-institutional study


text:
Total Number of words made out of Bolting = 76 Bolting
is a 7
letter medium Word starting with B and ending with G. Below are Total 76 words made out of this word.
| Words ending with Bolting
Anagrams of bolting
6 letter Words made out of bolting
1). tiglon 2). globin 3). toling 4). goblin
5 letter Words made out of bolting
1). glint 2). boing 3). ingot 4). biont 5). tigon 6). lingo 7). bigot 8). bingo
4 letter Words made out of bolting
1). noil 2). glib 3). glob 4). lion 5). loin 6). obit 7). lino 8). into 9). bint 10). loti 11). lint 12). toil 13). tong 14). blin 15). blot 16). long 17). ting 18). boil 19). bolt 20). ling 21). gilt
3 letter Words made out of bolting
1). nog 2). nib 3). nob 4). lot 5). nil 6). tog 7). til 8). bit 9). tin 10). oil 11). obi 12). not 13). nit 14). ton 15). log 16). gob 17). bot 18). git 19). gin 20). gib 21). bog 22). bio 23). bin 24). big 25). got 26). ion 27). lob 28). lit 29). lib 30). lin
2 letter Words made out of bolting
in lo bo to bi no li ti on it go
Bolting Meaning :- of Bolt of Bolt A darting away; a starting off or aside. A siftingas of flour or meal.
: There are 1 anagrams of the word bolting. Anagrams are meaningful words made after rearranging all the letters of the word.
Search More words for viewing how many words can be made out of them
There are 2 vowel letters and 5 consonant letters in the word bolting. B is 2nd, O is 15th, L is 12th, T is 20th, I is 9th, N is 14th, G is 7th, Letter of Alphabet series.
Wordmaker is a website which tells you how many words you can make out of any given word in english. we have tried our best to include every possible word combination of a given word. Its a good website for those who are looking for anagrams of a particular word. Anagrams are words made using each and every letter of the word and is of the same legth as original english word. Most of the words meaning have also being provided to have a better understanding of the word. A cool tool for scrabble fans and english users, word maker is fastly becoming one of the most sought after english reference across the web.
b, bo, bol,
g, ng, ing,
b ob lb tb ib n
g ng ig tg lg o

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Name types of simple tissues.
The types of simple tissues are as follows:
Complete the following chart.
How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
What is the role of epidermis in plants?
Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Identify the type of tissue in the following:
Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.


【轉載】Overview of gradient descent algorithms
Overview of gradient descent algorithms
An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms
Gradient descent is the preferred way to optimize neural networks and many other machine learning algorithms but is often used as a black box. This post explores how many of the most popular gradient-based optimization algorithms such as Momentum, Adagrad, and Adam actually work.
 - Sebastian Ruder
 Sebastian Ruder
 Read more posts by this author.
 Sebastian Ruder
19 JAN 2016 • 28 MIN READ
This post explores how many of the most popular gradient-based optimization algorithms actually work.
Note: If you are looking for a review paper, this blog post is also available as an article on arXiv.
Update 20.03.2020: Added a note on recent optimizers.
Update 09.02.2018: Added AMSGrad.
Update 24.11.2017: Most of the content in this article is now also available as slides.
Update 15.06.2017: Added derivations of AdaMax and Nadam.
Update 21.06.16: This post was posted to Hacker News. The discussion provides some interesting pointers to related work and other techniques.
Table of contents:
Gradient descent is one of the most popular algorithms to perform optimization and by far the most common way to optimize neural networks. At the same time, every state-of-the-art Deep Learning library contains implementations of various algorithms to optimize gradient descent (e.g. lasagne'scaffe's, and keras' documentation). These algorithms, however, are often used as black-box optimizers, as practical explanations of their strengths and weaknesses are hard to come by.
This blog post aims at providing you with intuitions towards the behaviour of different algorithms for optimizing gradient descent that will help you put them to use. We are first going to look at the different variants of gradient descent. We will then briefly summarize challenges during training. Subsequently, we will introduce the most common optimization algorithms by showing their motivation to resolve these challenges and how this leads to the derivation of their update rules. We will also take a short look at algorithms and architectures to optimize gradient descent in a parallel and distributed setting. Finally, we will consider additional strategies that are helpful for optimizing gradient descent.
Gradient descent is a way to minimize an objective function J(θ)J(θ) parameterized by a model's parameters θ∈Rdθ∈Rd by updating the parameters in the opposite direction of the gradient of the objective function ∇θJ(θ)∇θJ(θ) w.r.t. to the parameters. The learning rate ηη determines the size of the steps we take to reach a (local) minimum. In other words, we follow the direction of the slope of the surface created by the objective function downhill until we reach a valley. If you are unfamiliar with gradient descent, you can find a good introduction on optimizing neural networks here.
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text:
Welcome to Anagrammer Crossword Genius! Keep reading below to see if spinose is an answer to any crossword puzzle or word game (Scrabble, Words With Friends etc). Scroll down to see all the info we have compiled on spinose.
Searching in Crosswords...
The answer SPINOSE has 4 possible clue(s) in existing crosswords.
Searching in Word Games...
The word SPINOSE is VALID in some board games. Check SPINOSE in word games in Scrabble, Words With Friends, see scores, anagrams etc.
Searching in Dictionaries...
Definitions of spinose in various dictionaries:
adj - having spines
Bearing spines; spiny: a spinose plant.
adj - bearing or covered with thorns
Word Research / Anagrams and more...
Keep reading for additional results and analysis below.
|Possible Crossword Clues|
|One sip's disastrous -- it's spiked!|
|Thorny column containing bone|
|Circle deadheaded rose, thorny|
|Having spikes or thorns|
|Last Seen in these Crosswords & Puzzles|
|Jan 3 2017 The Telegraph - Toughie|
|Aug 18 2013 The Telegraph - General Knowledge|
|May 18 2010 The Telegraph - Toughie|
|May 23 2007 The Telegraph - Cryptic|
|Spinose might refer to|
In plant morphology, Thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically deterring animals from eating the plant material.|
* In common language the terms are used more or less interchangeably, but in botanical terms, thorns are derived from shoots (so that they may or may not be branched, they may or may not have leaves, and they may or may not arise from a bud), spines are derived from leaves (either the entire leaf or some part of the leaf that has vascular bundles inside, like the petiole or a stipule), and prickles are derived from epidermis tissue (so that they can be found anywhere on the plant and do not have vascular bundles inside).Leaf margins may also have teeth, and if those teeth are sharp, they are called spinose teeth on a spinose leaf margin (some authors consider them a kind of spine). On a leaf apex, if there is an apical process (generally an extension of the midvein), and if it is especially sharp, stiff, and spine-like, it may be referred to as spinose or as a pungent apical process (again, some authors call them a kind of spine). When the leaf epidermis is covered with very long, stiff trichomes (more correctly called bristles in this case; for some authors a kind of prickle), it may be referred to as a hispid vestiture; if the trichomes are stinging trichomes, it may be called a urent vestiture.There can be found also spines or spinose structures derived from roots.


text:
Endogenous opioid peptides have been studied extensively as potential therapeutics for the treatment of pain.
The major problems of using natural opioid peptides as drug candidates are their poor receptor specificity, metabolic instability
and inability to reach the brain after systemic administration. A lot of synthetic efforts have been made to opioid
analogs with improved pharmacological properties. One important structural modification leading to such analogs is cyclization
of linear sequences. Intramolecular cyclization has been shown to improve biological properties of various bioactive
peptides. Cyclization reduces conformational freedom responsible for the simultaneous activation of two or more receptors,
increases metabolic stability and lipophilicity which may result in a longer half-life and easier penetration across
biological membranes. This review deals with various strategies that have been employed to synthesize cyclic analogs of
opioid peptides. Discussed are such bridging bonds as amide and amine linkages, sulfur-containing bonds, including
monosulfide, disulfide and dithioether bridges, bismethylene bonds, monosulfide bridges of lanthionine and, finally, carbonyl
and guanidine linkages. Opioid affinities and activities of cyclic analogs are given and compared with linear opioid
peptides. Analgesic activities of analogs evaluated in the in vivo pain tests are also discussed.


The Andromeda Strain poses a fascinating question: Has a lot changed since then or not much at all? It also provides a complicated answer: Yes.
The film, which premiered on March 12, 1971, was based on the first book Michael Crichton published under his own name. The Andromeda Strain launched Crichton into thriller-writer superstardom, while also helping give voice to a new societal fear: the contagion that destroys the world.
The 1969 book was such a success that Universal Studios immediately purchased the rights, and decided to make it into a film. Director Robert Wise was tasked with the job – and for good reason, as he was able to handle both big-budget movies and intimate genre-oriented adventure stories.
After starting as an editor at RKO – he was nominated for an Oscar there for editing Citizen Kane – Wise moved into directing and scored his first big hit with The Day the Earth Stood Still in 1951. That movie tells the story of an alien invasion, and was one of the most influential sci-fi films of its decade. Wise soon moved on to mainstream success with things like West Side Story and The Sound of Music, but he was never one to turn down a genre project: He directed the fantastic horror film The Haunting in 1963, and would go on to helm the first film in the Star Trek franchise in 1979.
The story of The Andromeda Strain involves an alien virus brought back to Earth by a satellite that crash-lands near a New Mexico town. Everyone in the town immediately dies, when a pair of scientists in protective gear – Dr. Jeremy Stone (Arthur Hill) and Dr. Mark Hall (James Olson) – are dropped into the scene, they discover that the organism kills people by turning their blood to dust.
Watch a Trailer for 'The Andromeda Strain'
They grab the satellite and two townspeople who have mysteriously survived, whisking an alcoholic old man and an infant to a secret government laboratory. This facility, which Stone designed, extends beneath the surface of the Nevada desert for six stories, and was built for exactly this purpose. In addition to Stone and Hall, two other scientists are flown in: Dr. Charles Dutton (David Wayne) and Dr. Ruth Leavitt (Kate Reid). Together, this team descends into the laboratory – stopping at each level to be disinfected in increasingly meticulous ways – then tries to figure out how to stop the deadly organism, which they've named the Andromeda Strain.
They manage to figure out that the organism is vulnerable to variation in Ph levels, so the alcohol in the old man's blood saved him, as did the salinity of the baby's tears. Another problem erupts, however, before they can put this knowledge to use. It turns out that the organism is prone to constant mutation, and soon evolves into a form that eats away plastic. As rubber seals keeping the virus contained begin to corrode, it is released into the laboratory at large. This initiates another peril: Their lab also holds a nuclear device set up to explode if anything goes wrong, and that's now been triggered.
Dr. Hall has been given the key to deactivate this system, and he has to race through a system of computer-controlled lasers in order to prevent them all from being incinerated. He does so, and we end with scientists seeding clouds in order to wash the Andromeda Strain from the atmosphere into the Pacific ocean, killing it once and for all.
In many ways, the film is deeply dated. The plot moves slowly, even by the standards of the time. Although the special effects (designed by legendary SFX man Douglas Trumbull, who worked on films like 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Towering Inferno and Blade Runner) were groundbreaking in 1971, many of them feel kitschy today. Wise's decision to shoot much of the film in split-screen also has not aged well, coming off as gimmicky rather than cutting edge.
The film's gender politics also provide a reminder of how much has changed over the decades. Dr. Hall has the only key that can deactivate the nuclear self-destruct sequence because of something Crichton came up with called the "odd-man hypothesis." The rule states that only single males can can be trusted in a life-or-death situation, since women and married people can't handle stress.
Watch the laser-turrets scene from 'The Andromeda Strain'
So, in technical terms, The Andromeda Strain is something of a failure. But in terms of the fears it addresses, the movie remains absolutely contemporary.
Before The Andromeda Strain, the list of fictional things that could end humanity was pretty much limited to the appearance of aliens, and the outbreak of nuclear war. After its appearance, the idea that disaster could come from a tiny, kind-of-alive creature like a virus became a part of our storytelling lore. And then, of course, as so often happens, reality began to imitate fiction and terrifying viruses did emerge – from Ebola and AIDS in the 20th century to the modern era's coronaviruses.
Because of these threats, The Andromeda Strain still has the ability to unsettle – from the way the film depicts the possibility of a deadly contagion appearing out of nowhere to the hubris of a scientific community which is confident things are under control... until they aren't.
The tech may have changed since Michael Crichton and Robert Wise gave us their vision of these dangers, but the fear hasn't.
The Best Horror Movie From Every Year: _PHONE_


on the term "disqualified bonus payment." Section 1(b)(2) of the bill takes on the task of defining that term. A disqualified bonus payment is any "retention payment, incentive payment, or other bonus which is in addtion to any amount payable to such individual for service performed by such individual at a regular hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, or similar periodic rate." The term does not include "commissions, welfare or fringe benefits, or expense reimbursements." The term also does not include "any amount if the employee irrevocably waives the employee's entitlement to such payment, or the employee returns such payment to the employer, before the close of the taxable year in which such payment is due," but this exception does not apply "if the employee receives any benefit from the employer in connection with the waiver or return of such payment." Guaranteed, if this is enacted, there will be questions, debates, rulings, and litigation over the extent to which someone "receives any benefit from the employer in connection with the waiver or return of such payment." Finally, to preclude abuse, a disqualified bonus payment includes any reimbursement of the employee by a covered TARP recipient of the "tax imposed under subsection (a)." The "tax imposed under subsection (a)" is the employee's regular income tax, and not simply the 90-percent portion of the tax. Accordingly, income tax reimbursements plans in effect with respect to other income would be caught if the employer is a TARP recipient, even if the employee did not otherwise receive a bonus. At least that's how I interpret the provision.
Actually computing the tax on the bonus is more complicated than simply stating that it must be taxed at a rate of 90 percent. Tracking the language of section 1(a) shows why this is so. The regular income tax imposed on the bonus recipient is described as "not less than the sum of" two amounts. The first amount is the regular income tax that would be computed if the taxpayer's taxable income did not include the TARP bonus. The second amount is 90 percent of the TARP bonus. What this means, of course, is that even if the taxpayer's taxable income is very low or zero because there are deductions offsetting the gross income generated by the TARP bonus, those are not taken into account when computing 90 percent of the bonus.
Nor is this sufficient. Section 1(e) of the bill provides that any "increase in the tax imposed under chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by reason of subsection (a)," which means the 90-percent portion, "shall not be treated as a tax imposed by such chapter for purposes of determining the amount of any credit under such chapter or for purposes of section 55 of such Code." In other words, the 90-percent portion of the tax cannot be used to increase the tax liability limitation that applies to most credits. Similarly, it is not treated as a regular income tax in computing the alternative minimum tax.
Is this all? No. It is possible that something has been overlooked. It is possible that application of the provision in the context of existing tax law will create ambiguities or interpretational conflicts. Here comes section 1(f) with the solution: "The Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary's delegate, shall prescribe such regulations or other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section." I wonder if Congress will appropriate funds so that the IRS can hire one or two bright law school graduates to write those regulations and guidance. That would be a wee bit of economic stimulation. It certainly would be intellectual stimulation for whomever was hired. The problem is that there are no law school graduates who have taken a course in taxation of TARP bonus payments because no such course exists.
Finally, there is a question as to whether this tax should apply to bonuses paid in previous years. The answer is found in section 1(g). It makes the provision effective for disqualified bonus payments received after December 31, 2008, in taxable years ending after December 31, 2008.
That is an example of how a simple concept becomes several pages of Internal Revenue Code text. As codified concepts go, it's a fairly simple one, as difficult as it may be to accept that proposition considering the length of this posting. Some tax concepts require dozens or more pages. Ask someone who has studied Partnership Taxation how many regulation pages are dedicated to the concept of "substantial economic effect." Ask someone who has done a tax return for a Social Security benefits recipient how many pages of instructions and computations are required to handle the concept of "taxing social security recipients on some of their social security benefits." The list of such examples could go on for many more paragraphs but I'll stop. I have some Senate bonus taxation legislation to read.
Friday, March 20, 2009
Taxing Bonuses
Those AIG bonuses have been the talk of the town. People are outraged that a company surviving on taxpayer dollars has paid bonuses to more than six dozen executives. How, people ask, does one justify a reward for piloting a company onto the reef?
The outrage has sparked a variety of proposals. Members of Congress have proposed a 100% tax on the bonus, as reported, for example, in this story, this one, and this one. When asked if the tax would be an excise tax, or an income tax on the recipients, or both, staffers replied that they did not yet know. Others have proposed that AIG be denied income tax deductions for the bonuses, as reported here. The Senate Majority Leader suggested that the recipients return the bonuses, though he has also signed on to other reactions. Still other proposals include revealing the identities of the recipients unless they return the money to AIG and requiring the recipients to donate some or all of the bonuses to charity. There are those who think that the government should have let, and should let, AIG go into bankruptcy. One Senator put forth the idea that the bonus recipients should resign or kill themselves, though he later recanted. The Secretary of the Treasury has explained how the Treasury intends to recoup the amounts that were paid.
Yet there are those who defend the payment of the bonuses. In his Dealbook column, Andrew Sorkin explains that AIG must abide by the employment contracts providing for the bonuses, and that failure to pay the bonuses would encourage departure of employees whose talents are required to unravel the mess in which AIG finds itself. Others have pointed out that perhaps the bonus payments went to people who performed well and whose divisions showed a profit, though as the facts trickle out from behind the AIG curtain, it appears that the bonus payments are going to people who are responsible for the mess and whose decisions generated losses.
The flurry of suggestions and the continued defense of the bonus payments in some quarters indicates the turmoil and uncertainty surrounding the transactions. Piled onto this cacophony of commentary are reactions from radio talk show hosts, blog visitors leaving comments, and others who appear to lack an understanding of how the tax system works.
It is to that tax issue that my attention turns. For those who think that a 100% excise tax is unprecedented, check out what happens when a tax-exempt organization or qualified retirement plan engages in a prohibited transaction and fails to take corrective action. Yes, there is imposed a 100% tax. Though the tax has the quality of being punitive, it has an even stronger characteristic of being a deterrent. The downside to imposing a 100% tax on the AIG bonuses is that it would not serve as a deterrent. We are paying the price for decades of ineffective controls on inappropriate executive compensation and decades of weak enforcement of what restrictions are in place. There also is a risk that the tax could be challenged on the grounds it is an impermissible taking and confiscatory.
Taxing the recipients makes no sense unless the proposal envisions imposing a higher rate of tax than otherwise already applies. As it stands, the bonus payments are subject to income tax. There's nothing but symbolic value in the imposition of an addition 10 or 20 percentage points of income tax. The proposal makes sense only if it anticipates a 100% tax rate on the payment, but that in turn raises the same issues that afflict the imposition of an excise tax on AIG.
For those who think that denying a deduction to AIG for the payments that are made, that approach is not unlike denying radio access to a deaf person. AIG does not need tax deductions. It is drowning in losses. It's not even clear that denying the deduction for the bonus payments would have any long-term impact on AIG's loss carryforwards, because those carryforwards might expire in any event.
Letting AIG enter bankruptcy is an argument that has its merits. It's too bad that huge amounts of taxpayer dollars already have been dumped into what would be a black hole. The argument against letting AIG go bankrupt is proof that the American corporate system must be gutted and rebuilt. Opponents of an AIG bankruptcy claim it is "too big" to fail. Its failure, they argue, would bring down the economy in some catastrophic way. That could be true. Either way, it's absurd that any private organization is permitted to become so big that it cannot fail. An organization whose owners know it will not be permitted to fail have, in effect, a blank check to do all the unwise and misguided things that the owners and managers of large entities are tempted to do. There was no good reason to permit AIG, or any of the other conglomerate multinational giants, to become "so big" that they are beyond the restraints of a properly operating free market. In a free market, those who make foolish decisions should pay a price.


text:
A New Innovative Low Cost Manufacturing Process to Produce Titanium
All titanium is produced by the Kroll process, which is a batch process for the magnesium (Mg) reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Separate operations are required to produce the toxic and very corrosive TiCl4, which must be stored and transported. Magnesium also is produced separately in liquid form via the electrolysis of magnesium chloride (MgCl2), which requires storage and transport of liquid Mg as well as handling the chloride gas produced. The Kroll-produced titanium sponge is a 50-year-old mature process that is expensive, thus limiting the utilization of titanium in spite of its most desirable properties of light weight, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical properties. A wholly new process is proposed to produce titanium powder that utilizes the basic proven Kroll-type chemistry but is performed in situ, which eliminates the need for external sources of Mg and TiCl4. Because no separately produced Mg or TiCl4 is required, the environmental issues with producing Mg and TiCl4 are eliminated. The new one-step processing that does not require external feeds of Mg and TiCl4 offers the potential to produce titanium powder at one-half or less than the cost of a Kroll-produced sponge.
Small Business Information at Submission:
Materials and Electrochemical Research (MER Corporation)
7960 S. Kolb Road Tucson, AZ 85706
Number of Employees:


text:
Researchers set record by simulating supersonic jet noise
Washington: Stanford Engineering's Center for Turbulence Research (CTR) has made a new record in computational science by successfully using a supercomputer with more than one million computing cores to solve a complex fluid dynamics problem-the prediction of noise generated by a supersonic jet engine.
Joseph Nichols, a research associate in the center, worked on the newly installed Sequoia IBM Bluegene/Q system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories (LLNL) funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA).
Sequoia once topped list of the world's most powerful supercomputers, boasting 1,572,864 compute cores (processors) and 1.6 petabytes of memory connected by a high-speed five-dimensional torus interconnect.
Because of Sequoia's impressive numbers of cores, Nichols was able to show for the first time that million-core fluid dynamics simulations are possible-and also to contribute to research aimed at designing quieter aircraft engines.
The exhausts of high-performance aircraft at takeoff and landing are among the most powerful human-made sources of noise. For ground crews, even for those wearing the most advanced hearing protection available, this creates an acoustically hazardous environment. To the communities surrounding airports, such noise is a major annoyance and a drag on property values.
Understanably, engineers are keen to design new and better aircraft engines that are quieter than their predecessors. New nozzle shapes, for instance, can reduce jet noise at its source, resulting in quieter aircraft.
Predictive simulations-advanced computer models-aid in such designs. These complex simulations allow scientists to peer inside and measure processes occurring within the harsh exhaust environment that is otherwise inaccessible to experimental equipment. The data gleaned from these simulations are driving computation-based scientific discovery as researchers uncover the physics of noise.
"Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, like the one Nichols solved, are incredibly complex. Only recently, with the advent of massive supercomputers boasting hundreds of thousands of computing cores, have engineers been able to model jet engines and the noise they produce with accuracy and speed," said Parviz Moin, the Franklin M. and Caroline P. Johnson Professor in the School of Engineering and Director of CTR.
CFD simulations test all aspects of a supercomputer. The waves propagating throughout the simulation require a carefully orchestrated balance between computation, memory and communication. Supercomputers like Sequoia divvy up the complex math into smaller parts so they can be computed simultaneously. The more cores you have, the faster and more complex the calculations can be.
And yet, despite the additional computing horsepower, the difficulty of the calculations only becomes more challenging with more cores. At the one-million-core level, previously innocuous parts of the computer code can suddenly become bottlenecks.
Over the past few weeks, Stanford researchers and LLNL computing staff have been working closely to iron out these last few wrinkles. This week, they were glued to their terminals during the first "full-system scaling" to see whether initial runs would achieve stable run-time performance.
They watched eagerly as the first CFD simulation passed through initialization then thrilled as the code performance continued to scale up to and beyond the all-important one-million-core threshold, and as the time-to-solution declined dramatically.
"These runs represent at least an order-of-magnitude increase in computational power over the largest simulations performed at the Center for Turbulence Research previously," said Nichols.
The implications for predictive science are mind-boggling," he added.


text:
Faculty in the spotlight : Walter Weyrauch
Professor Walter Weyrauch has published "Nonrational Sources of Scholarship: Remembering David Daube" (_PHONE_), in 19 Rechtshistorisches Journal 677 (2000); and "A Theory of Legal Strategy," 49 Duke Law Journal (2000). This article, written jointly with Professor Lynn LoPucki (UCLA), maintains that controversies tend to be decided on factors other than legal merits and that judges have a minor role in this process. The factors that are decisive are largely based on unwritten law that cannot openly be argued. This essay is an outgrowth of his earlier studies on tribal law, also based on unwritten legal traditions.


text:
Job hirers show bias against regional accents, study suggests
If you make one-syllable words into two syllables, drop the "g" from words ending in "-ing," or stretch out the sound of the "a" in "car" and "park," will you encounter extra barriers while job searching?
Two UNT researchers say it's a strong possibility.
Patricia Cukor-Avila, assistant professor of English, and Dianne Markley, director of Cooperative Education and a graduate student in English, conducted the first known study on job hirers' judgments of American regional accents. The research was funded by grants from the Trice Foundation of Dallas and IBM.
As the director of Cooperative Education, Markley helps place students in internships and other positions while they are still working on their degrees. She says she decided to research regional accents for her master's thesis after learning about language attitude studies in Cukor-Avila's class.
"A study at Texas A&M University discovered that Texans and Southerners were more linguistically secure than those in other regions of the United States that is, we prefer our own accents," Markley says.
Around the same time, the Cooperative Education office received a phone call from an employer in New York who requested a student with a distinct Texas accent for an internship.
"The student would be calling Texas clients, and he said that Texans relate to and buy more from other Texans. His reason seemed legitimate, but something about screening candidates for a job based on their accents didn't seem right," Markley says. "I wondered if there was a way to measure if a regional accent would have an effect in the hiring process."
She points out that people's intelligence and other qualities are usually judged based on how they sound.
"I knew one woman a college relations director for a large, well-known Dallas-based corporation who had a Texas accent," Markley says. "She made a formal presentation at a professional meeting using a formal speaking style. Afterward, a man who had worked with her for years told her he never knew she was so smart. He had assumed she wasn't smart because of her accent."
With help from the UNT Center for Distributed Learning, Cukor-Avila and Markley created a CD-ROM program for human resource directors and others who hire new employees. The researchers recorded 10 males reading the same 45-second passage. Each speaker was from a different part of the United States Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, North Carolina, Minnesota, California, Boston, Chicago and New Jersey. Each had an accent common to that region.
No speaker's age could be detected through his voice, Markley says, and she used only white male speakers, which limited the number of variables in the study. She adds that other factors, including gender, ethnicity and age, will be added in future studies if funding permits.
Fifty-six job hirers listened to the readers and made judgments about them based solely on how they sounded. The study participants were asked for their overall positive or negative impressions of each speaker, as well as whether the speaker seemed educated or uneducated, intelligent or not intelligent, energetic or lazy, uptight or laid back, outgoing or withdrawn, and assertive or docile.
They were also asked to classify each speaker as rough or refined, charming or irritating, and friendly or unfriendly, and to determine whether the speaker's background was urban or rural, cultured or earthy, and advantaged or disadvantaged. Using a U.S. map, the participants tried to guess each speaker's region. The participants then concluded whether each speaker would be competent or incompetent on the job and would fit into their companies' cultures.
Finally, the participants were presented with four job categories positions requiring a high level of public or customer contact; positions requiring a high level of technical expertise but little public or customer contact; positions involving extensive internal communications; and positions requiring little technical expertise and little or no customer contact. The participants determined which, if any, of the jobs the speakers would be suited for.
The speaker with a California accent was rated the most positively, followed by the speaker from Minnesota, the speaker from Boston and the speaker from Texas. The speakers from Louisiana, Georgia and New Jersey were rated the most negatively.
Cukor-Avila said less than 30 percent of the participants correctly identified the regions that the speakers came from. The accent of the speaker from New Jersey was the most recognized, whereas those of the speakers from California and Minnesota were the least recognized, she says.
Because few respondents placed an accent in the correct region, Cukor-Avila wonders if the hirers were reacting negatively to the actual accents or to the accents that they thought they heard.
"Generally, the less identifiable the accent was, the more highly the speaker was rated," she says. "This ties into the fact that in the United States, we tend to go for nondescript accents based on those of national broadcasters and actors. Advertising hasn't allowed regional sounds, because if a person selling a product sounds like he or she is from one part of the country, a person from another part of the country may not identify with him or her and may not buy the product."
The Texas speaker, she says, may have been highly rated because most of the job hirers participating in the study were from or had lived in Texas and only two of the 56 participants disliked their own accents enough to want to change them.
"Liking a Texas accent is usually tied into liking Texas in general. To be marked as a Texan through your speech is a positive thing for many people," Cukor-Avila says.
The North Carolina speaker may have been highly rated because respondents rated him as sounding cultured, she says.
In selecting job positions for the speakers, the study participants generally selected positions requiring a high level of public and customer contact for the speakers they rated the highest. They selected less visible positions for the lower-rated speakers, Markley says. In selecting speakers for positions requiring high-tech skills, the job hirers were less concerned about how friendly a person sounded than how educated he sounded, she says.
Markley says many of the study participants initially said they could not judge a person's intelligence, friendliness, economic background and other qualities based on 45 seconds of listening to the person.
"However, accent judgments hide behind judgments on education and other qualifications. An accent is a part of who you are. And unlike race or sex, it's not illegal to discriminate based on accent," she says.
She hopes that the survey in this study will eventually be made available to employers so that they can find out if job hirers discriminate against certain sounds.
"For instance, if someone had a very negative response to Georgia accents, a company would want to monitor that person's recruiting at places such as Georgia Tech," she says.
Other featured articles in this issue


Posts Tagged 'earth'
158. Your heart is green
The way the roots develop
The way the roots develop
The way the roots develop
Is by inclusion of the earth
That is around them
The earth drinks the thoughts of the sky
And if you look at
How the earth is speaking body language
You'll see
That the intensity of your pain
Is gone
Your fields are organized and loved
Your heart is green.
It is about my nerves growing, eating what the body has to offer them. The thoughts of the sky that feed the earth are my thoughts that create my body, and having changed my thoughts, the body, which is earth too, responds accordingly.
This is what my intuition says.
154. Parts play with parts
What is now
What is now
From here down it is earth
But earth does not exist
From here up it is heaven
But heaven does not exist
So what does?
The immediate experience here now
And what does it say?
The light has given birth
To the soft flesh
The soft flesh has separated
And parts play with parts
Imagining ins and outs
Firmnesses and softnesses
But look:
Up in the air
The angels caress us all
Breathing eternity.
So tell me: Who are you? Are you the parts? Are you the light? Are you the angels? Or are you eternity? What do you want to do now?
138. Just an innuendo passing through
Thinking in earth colors
Thinking in earth colors
The earth came
To take over
The delicate airiness.
Floating in layers
It is here
It is thinking in earth colors
A sand dune cloud
Is coming and
It will be as if nothing happened
Just an innuendo
Passing through.
113. Always all of it
Coming from the earth
Coming from the earth
Bend forward and blow a bubble in front of you
In it you'll see a faint image of a hero
That you were
From your thoughts
Create an evolution of suns
Which are what you will be
You are coming from the earth
It seems
Standing on it
You perform your magical deeds
But you are that energy
That comes from deeper than the earth
To make the earth
To make you
And your miracles
Do you like the taste of it?
You have never been a hero
You will never be an evolution of suns
Because you are always
All of it.
All of it.
107. Minnie Mouse
Fluffily flowing
Fluffily flowing
Climbing with ease
Changing colors
Pretending to be a woman
Or maybe a scarf
Maybe a flower after the party
And maybe it is Minnie Mouse
And she is just looking at you
Before she leaves the screen
With everything fluffily flowing
Behind her
And maybe when she leaves
The joy will stay
And then leave too
As everything does here
On earth
And can an even greater joy
Come after that?
103. Yesterday and today (Straight talk)
Three bodies in the sky
Three bodies in the sky
 Deep under the surface
Are talking rocks
Telling stories
And elbowing each other.
In the sky
Three main bodies float
One is the way some parts of the whole
Stick together
Awaiting resolution
Another is the collection of cans and can'ts
The third is an angel
Who promises that the legs are good.
In the vast landscape
The rocks, the fields
And the hazy horizon
Consider everything they see
As the higher sky above it all
Like teeth i an x-ray
Like teeth in an x-ray
Like teeth in an x-ray
With the roots that they send
Into the jaw
Like bubbles of air
Caught in pockets
Like doctors in white gowns
Or maybe angels
Arranging everything in the best way
With love and laughter
Like warmth
Like kindness
Like the way it has to be
And it is.
Like countries with wars and complications
And borders everywhere
Like lakes and yellow sands
And the big sea
But still blue
And deep.
Like maps
For the shapes of clothing
That will move in the air
While being held by our bodies
Walking on this earth
Talking with each other
Knowing that nothing has ever moved
But the mind.
95. The letter "g"
The letter "g"
The letter "g"
I see it is about the letter "g"
And it is me
Am I falling?
Am I struggling to survive?
Am I becoming a blur of nice colors?
Nice story, fellow
Was nice to meet with you here
On earth.
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text:
Discussion of all aspects of biological molecules, biochemical processes and laboratory procedures in the field.
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
Comprehensive List of microRNA target databases and softwares as follows:
(1)miRBase: it is a gold-standard database of microRNA sequences. it provided links of microRNA targets predicted by other target predictions, such as PicTar. release date: Sept, 2010. website: _URL_
(2)starBase: A public platform for exploring miRNA-target interactions from CLIP-Seq (HITS-CLIP, PAR-CLIP) and degradome sequencing (PARE) data. It also provides intersections of multiple target predictions, such as Targetscan, PicTar, miRanda, PITA, RNA22 and miRSVR. release date: May, 2011. website: _URL_
(3)TarBase: A database of experimentally supported animal microRNA targets. release date: January, 2009. website: _URL_
(4)miRecords: an integrated microRNA target database. It provides miRNA-target relationships predicted by multiple target predictions, such as Targetscan, PicTar, miRanda, PITA and RNA22.
(5) targetScan: a well-known software for predicting microRNA targets from conserved UTR sequences. It was developed by Bartel lab. release date: April, 2009 (v5.1). website: _URL_
(6) PicTar: a software for predicting microRNA targets by combining multiple microRNAs or targets. It was developed by Rajewsky lab. release date: March, 2007. website: _URL_
(7) PITA: it predicted microRNA targets based on target-site accessibility and minimum free energy. release date: August, 2008. _URL_
(8) RNA22: it is one of popular microRNA target prediction softwares. release date: 2007. website: _URL_
(9) miRanda and microRNA.org. It include software(miRanda) and database (microRNA.org). The newest version of miRanda also be called mirSVR. release date: August, 2010. website: _URL_
(10) MicroCosm: it is a microrna target database developed by Enright lab at EMBL-EBI. release date: August, 2010. website: _URL_ argets/v5/
(11) miRTarBase: a experimentally verified miRNA target base. October, 2010. website: _URL_
（12）miRGator v2.0：a integrated database of microRNA expression and targets. release date: November, 2010. website: _URL_
（13）MiRNAMap: a integrated database of microRNA and their targets. January, 2008. website: _URL_
(14) miRDB: animal microRNA target prediction and functional annotation. release date: August, 2010. website: _URL_
(15) RNAhybrida easy, fast and flexible software for predicting microRNA targets. release version: v2.1. website：_URL_
For Plant microRNA targets:
(1) Targetfinder, predicts small RNA targets in a sequence database using a plant-based scoring metric. release date: Aug, 2010. website: _URL_
(2) starBase: A public platform for exploring miRNA-target interactions from degradome sequencing (Degradome-Seq, PARE) data. release date: May, 2011. website: _URL_
(3)miRU, psRNATarget: an automated plant miRNA target prediction server. website: _URL_
(4) CleaveLand, a pipeline for using degradome data to find cleaved small RNA targets. release date: March, 2010, website: _URL_
(5) Target-align: a tool for plant microRNA target identification. release date: 2010, website: _URL_
new miRNA target database.
(1) ChIPBase, decoding the post-transcriptional and transcriptional regulation of microRNAs from CLIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq data. It constructed TF(transcription factor)->microRNA->targets regulatory networks.
(2) doRiNA: a database of RNA interactions in post-transcriptional regulation.
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text:
Jet lagged bees may help patient recovery
Jet lagged bees Bees with chemically-induced jet lag are giving clues on how best to help patients recover from the effects of anaesthetics.
"We've provided the science to explain why when you wake up from anaesthetics you feel like that no time has passed," says Warman.
"The reason for that is that your biological clock has shifted at a fundamental molecular level."
Jet lag can affect not just the timing of your sleep but your mood, immune system and even wound healing.
It is well established that the majority of people given anaesthetics report afterwards feeling no time has passed. But, says Warman, it's not clear whether this is a case of amnesia or chemically induced jet lag disturbing the biological clock.
The perfect animal to help answer this question, he says, is the honey bee.
"Scientists say they have a continuously-consulted biological clock," says Warman.
Bees visit flowers only at times when the flower produce nectar and they navigate by knowing where the Sun is in the sky at any time of the day.
"By looking at their behaviour you can determine what time of the day they think it is," says Warman.
In a series of experiments involving thousands of bees, Warman and colleagues looked at the normal behaviour of bees, the effect of anaesthesia on their time perception and on their biological clock.
The researchers gave the bees the common anaesthetic isoflurane in the morning and woke them up after about 6 hours.
Warman and colleagues used RFIDs to track the bees as they visited food sources and used radar to track their flight paths, specifically their angle of orientation with respect to the Sun.
The bees' floral visits and orientation suggested they had an altered perception of time, says Warman.
"They wake up from their anaesthetic and think it's much earlier in the day than it is," he says. "They don't have the perception that 6 hours have passed."
In a separate molecular analysis, the researchers showed the bees' biological clock, based on circadian clock genes, had shifted by 3 to 4 hours during the anaesthetic.
"They had jet lag," says Warman. "It's like waking up in Sydney time when you are actually on Auckland time."
The researchers found that this only occurred when anaesthetic was given during the day.
"When you have anaesthetic at night you don't get that phase-shifting effect," says Warman.
He says the findings suggest that light could be used to help patients recover from anaesthesia just as it helps people recover from jet lag.
"Light in the morning shifts you to an earlier time zone and light in the evening shifts you to a later time zone," says Warman. "That's why it can be hard to get up on a Monday morning if you've slept in on a Saturday and Sunday morning."
He says anaesthesia-induced jetlag could similarly be reduced by shining high-intensity light at patients' eyes during anaesthesia.


text:
The GMOS global network was established by integrating atmospheric Hg monitoring stations that were part of existing atmospheric monitoring programs (such as the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (GAW), US and Canadian programs (i.e., NADP-MDN, CAPMoN), the UN-ECE's European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP)) with newly established GMOS sites located at both high altitude and sea level locations, in climatically diverse regions.
An effort was made to establish measurement sites in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere where long-term Hg measurements were lacking before GMOS. GMOS monitoring sites have been classified in "Master" and "Secondary" sites. Master stations are those where Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM), Gaseous Oxidized Mercury (GOM), Hg associated to suspended particulate matter (PBM2.5) and Hg in precipitation are continuously measured. Secondary stations are those where only Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) and Hg in precipitation are continuously measured.
The ground-based monitoring program ensures long-term collection of near-real time Hg data. An ad-hoc application was developed to retrieve automatically data or archive submitted information.
Data are acquired by the GMOS Cyber-(e)-Infrastructure and stored in the GMOS central databases. Site operators and managers can view near real-time trends. To guarantee data reliability and intercomparability, raw data from on-going GMOS sites are screened with an ad-hoc Quality Assurance and Quality Control validation tool. Once the validation process is complete the resulting dataset, are stored in the same harmonized format and available to partners from the password protected GMOS webpage for the Dissemination purpose.


Physical computing just got a lot easier
Putting microcontrollers in everything and tying appliances into the internet has become the DIYers' bread and butter. There's a ton of benefits from an Internet-enabled coffee maker, but actually building these projects takes a little bit of knowledge. Enter [Dave] and [John] with Twine – a little Internet enabled box that connects physical reality to the digital world.
The hardware inside a Twine is a small board that combines WiFi, an accelerometer and temperature sensor. The Twine is programmed 'in the cloud' with a simple if/then condition. A Twine will send you a text, email or tweet when the condition is met. For example, you could put a Twine on a door and program the accelerometer to text you when someone comes knocking.
Twine isn't an entirely closed system; there's a plug for additional sensors (moisture detection, for example), and the data from sensors can be pushed out to a server. You can pick up a twine for $100 from the Kickstarter; it's a little rich for our blood, but we're sure it'll be a useful device.
9 thoughts on "Physical computing just got a lot easier
 1. Needs more IO. Then it could make a web controlled coffee machine quite easily. They say it has a breakout board, but doesn't say if it's inputs only or can do output as well.
 And yes, I'd prefer a slightly bigger box (with more IO) and a smaller price tag.
 2. It's great for doing a specific set of tasks. Giving you an alert if your basement is flooding is a good example of the kind of thing it's good at.
 However, its high cost, lack of openness, and dependence on their cloud platform make it less than ideal for your average DIY hacker. Also, you can't send commands back to the Twine. It can send a text or HTTP request when sensor data changes, but that's it. Powering the WIFI from two AAA batteries means that it can't stay awake for any length of time. If you leave it on to respond to requests, the batteries will run out in a couple of hours.
 1. I think the fact that it's "not ideal for your average DIY hacker" is sort of the point… It's meant to be accessible to non-DIY-hacker type people. Obviously there are "better" and certainly less expensive ways to do this yourself if you have the know-how, but this looks like a really fun way for someone with zero experience to get their feet wet. Might be a fun gift for a kid to automate their toys or room even.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
There are some verses that use the terminology "power", and I heard it with different preachers that the Christians possess power.
Here are some examples:
— The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. 2001 (1 Co 2:4–5). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
— The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. 2001 (Ac 6:8). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
What is the power that Christians possess?
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3 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
The following comes from a mainly Calvinist view point:
The power you are looking for is the power granted to Christians by the Holy Spirit. Probably one of the most clear examples of this was in Acts 2 on the day of Pentecost.
This was the first manifestation of the power of the Holy Spirit on these new Christians. Much of the book of Acts continues to chronicle this power that they had been granted.
There is now some debate how this power manifests in the modern 21st century. However, it is no doubt still active. Even those (like myself) that are cessationists believe that the spirit is still active in our daily lives, but that he manifests his power differently than he did in the early church.
For example many believe that one of the greatest examples of the power of the spirit is his working on the hearts and minds of God's people to perform both regeneration and sanctification.
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If the power is without a doubt still active, why is there debate as to how it manifests? These statements seem to contradict each other. – Kaz Dragon Jan 25 '12 at 15:26
no contradiction, its merely a change in the manifestation. Many things change how they work over time. The world is different than it was in the first century AD it makes sense that the Spirit might work differently now. – wax eagle Jan 25 '12 at 15:38
How could one tell the difference between manifesting the power of sanctification and not (where presumably people would mistakenly say that things were sanctified, but they would not be)? – Rex Kerr Jan 25 '12 at 16:09
_USER_ Sanctification is a process not an all at once thing. (Along the lines of the "Already but not yet" types of things) – wax eagle Jan 25 '12 at 16:23
You might want to link to this question as well. – Affable Geek Jan 25 '12 at 18:02
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The same power that raised christ from the dead is present in every born again christisan(ephesians 1) and i have seen the demonstration of this power even in todays generation. this power is above everything. all of the satan's power is like an ant in comparison to the power a christian posses in him which is given. by God on believing on christ jesus.
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I's not the most important power, but it can be a quite useful "secondary" power: to always be able to feel happy, no matter the situation. Even in our temporary physical world this can be useful, as stress and pessimism do cause a large number of psychological illnesses.
This might not be a very scientific answer, because I speak from personal experience, but I have no doubt that I'm not the only one with this explanation.
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Any statistical evidence with that? I'm not aware of any significant variance in say, depression rates. Indeed, there are groups of people who identify as Christian with depression caused by their beliefs (and conflicts with their self). – Marc Gravell Jan 25 '12 at 20:32
_USER_: Yes, the doctrines of Christianity are the instigators of inner struggle and, rightly understood, will lead us into conflict with our very natures. Paul sums this up nicely. In particular God's decrees of what is right do nothing but show us how sinful we are. Anybody coming at Christianity with only this understanding without having also understood redemption and grace will undoubtedly be left in despair. Increased depression rates are something I would expect to see particularly where the Word is taught out of balance. – Caleb Jan 26 '12 at 8:49
_USER_ Gravell: There are. I don't remember a citation, but I've read a study (with not religion as a topic!) about the life expectancy and general happiness of distinct geographical areas and cultures. While there were numerous factors, from climate to food types eaten, Christianity did play a role. Do you have statistical evidence (or at least notable examples) of Christian groups being depressed? I know many people from many denominations, and never ever came across something like that. Usually many were stressed because of other factors, and were able to alleviate it through their faith. – vsz Jan 26 '12 at 16:21
_USER_ interestingly, wiki lists conflicting studies; a 2003 which did indeed show higher happiness, and a 2007 which did not (and another in 1992); it also emphasises that this is correlation not necessarily causation. Worth a read though: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_happiness. Related, IIRC Karl Marx had something to say on the subject, too. – Marc Gravell Jan 26 '12 at 17:10
Of course, as this is a religious topic, if someone disagrees with religion, will be suspicious of what I wrote as well. Was this question about psychology, it would have been asked in that part of StackExchange, and not here. – vsz Jan 28 '12 at 18:15
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Texas Dust Storms
The same weather system that brought snow and ice to the American Midwest just after Thanksgiving 2005 also kicked up significant dust in western Texas and eastern Mexico. The winds associated with this cold front also fanned the flames of grass fires in the region, adding smoke to the mixture of aerosols. The most obvious dust cloud is a pale beige dust plume swirling through Texas and Mexico. However, a second, more orange-colored cloud of dust blows across northern Texas. Parts of northern Texas saw wind speeds around 60 miles per hour. Resulting dust storms reduced visibility to just 2.5 miles in some areas, and swamped local fire departments with calls regarding both fires and downed power lines.
Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/MODIS Land Rapid Response Team/Jeff Schmaltz


Our Teachers
Maria Benkhan
Floating Teacher
My name is Maria and I am a Teacher Assistant at the daycare.
As a child, I aspired to become a teacher for children and youths and have been working toward achieving the dream ever since. After getting my University diploma, I worked as a teacher, family worker, and caregiver for over 20 years.
Being a children's educator requires a lot of love and care, patience, consistency and hard work, but it also gives a tremendous return on the effort. Teacher gets to observe how the little ones in their care grow and become self-aware, intelligent, self-sufficient and talented individuals who regard them as a friend and a guide.
During the early years, young minds and souls resemble a clean sheet of paper that fills as the child grows and becomes familiar with the world around. It is the teacher's job and privilege to add some of the most important lines to the page and leave a positive and long lasting impression on the child's future.
Proper food habits are essential for children's development; it is our policy and practice to use, if possible, only natural and organic foods such as hot cereals and vegetables. As the person in charge of breakfasts and snacks at the daycare, I use every opportunity to instill good nutrition habits in our children.
I speak English, Russian and Hebrew and volunteer as a teacher at a Saturday Russian school. In addition to the university training, I've been studying acting, various crafts such as kitting, crochet, needlepoint, and origami and hope to pass my passion for the activities to the children of Step By Step.
Hope to see you and your kids at our daycare soon!


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L Page for the Ancient / Classical History Glossary
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | wxyz
The Romans won a battle at Lake Regillus in 499 (496) B.C.
Spirits of the Dead - Lares, Larvae, Lemures, and Manes. The Romans believed the spirits of the dead became lares, manes or lemures (larvae).
Leonidas was a king of Sparta who led a suicide mission against the Persians at Thermopylae during the Persian Wars.
Information on ancient Lybia, an area that includes Euesperides, Lepcis Magna, Tripoli, and Cyrenaica.
Glossary entry on Livius Andronicus.
Information on Livy and his magnum opus, Ab Urbe Condita, a history of Rome from its founding. Livy was a Roman historian.
If you've wondered what those ornamented metal pieces or armor shaped like an ideal male chest, it's a lorica. Here's an introduction to this particular piece of Roman armor.
Loki was the Norse trickster god and a bundle of contradictions.
Games held in honor of the god Apollo, from the time of the second Punic War, the Ludi Apollinares were games held from 6-13 July in ancient Rome.


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Theoretically at least, yes, it is entirely doable.
In the central nervous system including the brain, sensation, decision and reaction form a feedback loop comprising of different types of nerves. Afferent neurons sense an input such as an external stimulus, interneurons are the connectors in the local circuit, while efferent neurons carry motor signals that activate an organ.
You are apparently referring to a motor signal when you say 'the same signal'. Assuming such a signal is generated in some way and then transmitted to the organ(s), it is thereafter a purely mechanical process where the organ responds with a movement according to the signal.
It does not matter if the signal is multiplexed over to more than one organ, or if the organ happens to be natural or artificial. All that matters is the design of the artificial organ.
That is as far as the control systems part of it is concerned. However, the overall functioning is a bit more complex -- e.g., generating the intended signal, and multiplexing it to heterogeneous external organs.


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Introduction to Db2
Db2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows (LUW) is a database server product developed by IBM. Db2 LUW is the "Common Server" product member of the Db2 family, designed to run on most popular operating systems.
The version numbers in Db2 are non-sequential with v11.1 and 11.5 being the two most recent releases. Specifics of Db2 versions and platforms supported on Delphix are located in the Db2 Compatibility Matrix.
IBM Db2 Authentication
Db2 User and group authentication is managed in a facility external to Db2 LUW, such as the operating system, a domain controller, or a Kerberos security system. This is different from other database management systems (DBMSs), such as Oracle and SQL Server, where user accounts may be defined and authenticated in the database itself, as well as in an external facility such as the operating system.
Any time a user ID and password is explicitly provided to Db2 LUW as part of an instance attachment or database connection request, Db2 attempts to authenticate that user ID and password using this external security facility. If no user ID or password is provided with the request, Db2 implicitly uses the user ID and password that were used to login to the workstation where the request originated. More information on Db2 authentication and authorization is available via IBM documentation.
Delphix Db2 Authentication
Delphix for Db2 requires that the staging and target hosts must already have the necessary users and authentication systems created/installed on them. Delphix will neither create users nor change database passwords as part of the provisioning process.
Db2 Database Level Support
Delphix supports a number of Db2 database-level features. An overview of Db2 database level support is as follows:
- Support for multiple databases linking in a Single Instance, which allows Delphix Engine users to utilize an available instance on the target more efficiently.
- Support for using a customer-supplied directory for the Delphix Plugin, Db2 Mount Points, and Db2 Delphix files and logs.
- Support for the in-memory BLU feature of Db2.
- Support for Kerberos environments.
- Support for VDB provisioning of the same OS version level or one version higher than the source and staging instances.
- Intelligent handling of HADR logs.
High Availability Disaster Recovery (HADR)
The HADR feature of IBM Db2 provides a high availability solution for both partial and complete site failures. It protects against data loss by replicating data changes from a source database, called the primary, to one or more target databases, called the standby.
Delphix HADR Support
HADR replication takes place at a database level, not at the instance level. Therefore, a standby instance can have multiple databases from multiple different primary servers/instances on it. If the instance ID on the Delphix standby is not the same as the instance ID on the primary, the Delphix standby instance ID must have database permissions secadm and dbadm granted to it on the primary database. These permissions and all HADR settings must be implemented on the primary database before you take the backup on the primary database.
All changes that take place at the primary database server are written into log files. The individual log records within the log files are then transmitted to the secondary database server, where the recorded changes are replayed to the local copy of the database. This procedure ensures that the primary and the secondary database servers are in a synchronized state. Using two dedicated TCP/IP communication ports and a heartbeat, the primary and the standby databases track where they are processing currently, the current state of replication, and whether the standby database is up-to-date with the status of the primary database. When a log record is "closed" (still in memory, but has yet to be written to disk on the primary), it is immediately transmitted to the HADR standby database(s). Transmission of the logs to the standbys may also be time-delayed.
Beginning in Db2 v10.1, the HADR feature supports multiple standby databases. This enables an advanced topology where you can deploy HADR in multiple standby mode with up to three standby databases for a single primary. One of the databases is designated as the principal HADR standby database, with the others termed as auxiliary HADR standby databases. As with the standard HADR deployment, both types of HADR standbys are synchronized with the HADR primary database through a direct TCP/IP connection. Furthermore, both types support the reads on standby feature and can be configured for time-delayed log replay. It is possible to issue a forced or unforced takeover on any standby, including the delphix auxiliary standby. However, you should never use the Delphix auxiliary standby as a primary, because this will impact Delphix performance.
Delphix HADR Synchronization
The Delphix for Db2 uses the HADR capability of Db2 to synchronize data from a production Db2 database into a Delphix-controlled Db2 "standby" server. By using this mature and existing Db2 capability, the Delphix Engine is able to ingest data and keep the standby server in sync with only a minimal impact on production. The HADR connection is configured to Super-Asynchronous (SUPERASYNC) mode where log writes are considered successfully transmitted when the log records are sent from the primary database. Because the primary database does not wait for acknowledgments from the standby database, there is no delay on the primary and transactions are considered committed regardless of the state of the replication of that transaction. For further information on Delphix synchronization, see Linking a dSource from a Db2 Database: An Overview.
Database Partitioning Feature
Database Partitioning Feature (DPF) lets you partition your database across multiple servers. Since you can add new machines and spread your database across them, this allows users to scale their database. This means more CPUs, more memory, and more disks from each of the additional machines are available for your database. DPF can be used to manage large databases for a variety of use cases including data warehousing, data mining, online analytical processing (OLAP), or online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads.
DPF enables the user to divide a database into database partitions, a database partition is a part of a database that consists of its own data, indexes, configuration files, and transaction logs. Each database partition can be configured on the different physical server having its own set of computing resources, including CPU and storage. When a query is processed, the request is divided so each database partition processes the rows that it is responsible for. DPF can maintain consistent query performance as the table grows by providing the capability to add more processing power in the form of additional database partitions. This capability is often referred to as providing linear scalability using Db2s shared-nothing architecture.
DPF is an approach to sizing and configuring an entire database system. Please follow the recommended practices for optimal performance, reliability, and capacity growth. Please refer to IBM documentation of DPF for more details in IBM knowledge center.


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Learn All Year Long
ReadWriteThink has a variety of resources for out-of-school use. Visit our Parent & Afterschool Resources section to learn more.
Telling My Story: Make a Bio-Cube
|Grades||3 – 5|
|Activity Time||20 to 30 minutes to create and construct the cube, plus time to write and discuss|
The Bio-Cube tool asks children to describe a person using key pieces of information. Constructing an "All About Me" cube gives children a chance to share interesting details and thoughts about themselves, including their biggest obstacles and important quotations. Get into the spirit by making a Bio-Cube about yourself before sharing the activity. Children can also use the cubes as the basis for a short writing task.
Successful students can do more than just understand what they've read; they can also boil it down to the essential information. The Bio-Cube tool helps children condense what they want to say about themselves. The cube activity also offers a chance for self-discovery, allowing children to see how complex they are.
This activity was modified from the ReadWriteThink lesson plan "Getting to Know You: Developing Short Biographies to Build Community."


text: The remarkable capability of planarian regeneration is mediated by a group of adult stem cells referred to as neoblasts. Although these cells possess many unique cytological characteristics (e.g. they are X-ray sensitive and contain chromatoid bodies), it has been difficult to isolate them after cell dissociation. This is one of the major reasons why planarian regenerative mechanisms have remained elusive for a long time. Here, we describe a new method to isolate the planarian adult stem cells as X-ray-sensitive cell populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Dissociated cells from whole planarians were labeled with fluorescent dyes prior to fractionation by FACS. We compared the FACS profiles from X-ray-irradiated and non-irradiated planarians, and thereby found two cell fractions which contained X-ray-sensitive cells. These fractions, designated X1 and X2, were subjected to electron microscopic morphological analysis. We concluded that X-ray-sensitive cells in both fractions possessed typical stem cell morphology: an ovoid shape with a large nucleus and scant cytoplasm, and chromatoid bodies in the cytoplasm. This method of isolating X-ray-sensitive cells using FACS may provide a key tool for advancing our understanding of the stem cell system in planarians.


Blogs Women's Health
It's Millet Time
An ancient grain, a super grain
Dr Padma Garvey/Plant-Based Doctor Mom
It's Millet Time
Recently I came across an article discussing some issues related to climate change and food production. Water is becoming an issue for many parts of the world, including some parts of the United States. Clean drinking water and water for farming are things we can no longer take for granted. The article I read talked about projections made by the Indian government regarding the availability of enough water to sustain rice production as the population grows. Growing millet requires less water than does rice or wheat farming and is therefore an alternative to meeting the needs of a growing population.
Millet, like so many other ancient grains, is a whole grain, high in fiber. By utilizing grains that require less water, we also take small steps towards helping the planet. When looking at the problem of climate change as a whole, each one of us can feel powerless. The problem seems so daunting that we are inclined to do nothing. But each one of us making small changes to our diets does add up and is the most impactful way an individual can affect climate change.
Recently I made the switch from rice to millet and now eat all my Indian meals and stir-frys with millet instead of rice. It is also good for dishes like upma and tabouleh. I combine one cup of millet with two cups of water. I cook it in my pressure cooker for ten minutes. I love the texture which reminds me of couscous. One cup of cooked millet has slightly fewer calories and slightly more protein than does one cup of cooked brown rice. So next time you are planning on eating a meal that normally calls for rice, try millet instead.
Other articles by Padma Garvey


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What does effective governance look like? We regularly answer questions from our members looking to delve deeper into this question. For example, on our school governor website, we've looked at how governors can support and yet challenge the headteacher, while for school leaders, we've looked at how headteachers and governors divide up responsibilities.
To better understand Ofsted's take on this, I went to a conference in July aimed primarily at governors in London schools judged 'requires improvement' or 'inadequate'. At the event, an HMI identified five lessons from recent inspections. In struggling schools, governors:
- Have low expectations of pupils
- Rely too much on the headteacher for information
- Do not visit the school
- Are not involved with development planning
- Have a limited understanding of data and the school's quality
The 'critical friend' role was a theme throughout the day, but so, for some delegates, was the need to build confidence and knowledge to effectively challenge senior leaders. Ofsted's report on learning from schools with the very best governance may help. It argues that effective governing bodies strike the right balance between supporting leaders and providing constructive challenge. Good governors, meanwhile, ask pertinent question based on knowledge, information and understanding of the school.
The presentations from Ofsted's perspective were interesting and informative, but I also learnt a lot from talking to delegates. Governors from some schools said that their school's inspection report noted a mismatch between its self-evaluation and inspectors' findings. So there's a clear role for governors to challenge the evaluation made by senior leaders, and to really get to grips with the school's strengths and weaknesses. Members of our school governor service may find our article on governors' role in self-evaluation very useful for ideas on how to do this.
I came away from the conference with a real sense that governors in London schools are working very hard to live up to Ofsted's high expectations. The jump from 'requires improvement' to 'good' may seem daunting, but with the right approach and the right support governors can help schools bridge that gap.


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The Deodar Cedar grows in acidic, loamy, moist, sandy, well drained, clay soils.
The Deodar Cedar tree makes an excellent specimen tree for landscapes because of its pleasing shape and attractive silver-green coloring. The tree also makes a fast growing and soft wind screen and has been successfully used as a street tree with the lower branches pruned for pedestrian traffic.
An excellent evergreen with graceful pendulous branches. Pyramidal form when young, wide-spreading and flat-topped in old age, often reaching 70' in height. (zones 7-9)
The Deodar Cedar provides nesting sites, cover and food for mammals and birds such as the woodpecker.
The Deodar Cedar tree can become an immense tree in its native Himalayan habitat. There, at approximately 4000 feet, it has been known to reach 250 feet in height. Commonly, it is smaller and has been called "the most graceful Cedar" by Michael Dirr, noted tree expert and author. It is no wonder that its name, Deodar, derives from Sanskrit that translates to "timber of the gods." This beautiful tree, with its interesting branching pattern and drooping tips, attracted the eye of plant fanciers early in history. It was introduced to Europe in 1822 and to the United States nine years later.
Normal moisture requirements; good drought tolerance.
The leaves are needle-like with sharp tips. Blue-green or sometimes silvery, 1 to 2 inches long and usually borne in clusters. Needles are shed in late spring as new growth appears.
The fruit is oval; 3 to 6 inches long; dry and hard.


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Profession Quality inspector, all other products
Quality assurance inspectors examine manufactured products, primary produce and services to make sure they meet all standards (e.g. presentation, quality).
Would you like to know what kind of career and professions suit you best? Take our free Holland code career test and find out.
- Conventional / Realistic
- Realistic / Conventional
Tasks quality inspector, all other products
- Analyze and interpret relevant information (such as blueprints, manuals, etc.) to determine specifications.
- Perform required inspections, tests or measurements of materials, products or installations, and check whether specifications are met.
- Mark inspected items with details such as grade and rejection status.
- Observe and monitor production operations and equipment to ensure conformity to specifications.
- Determine the cause of problems or defects.
- Record inspection or test data, such as weight, temperature, grade or moisture content, and quantities inspected or graded.
- Notify supervisors and other personnel of production problems or defects, and assist in identifying and correcting problems or defects.
- Train and assist operators to carry out their quality control functions.
- Participate in organizing the production process (e.g. propose changes that may improve the process, participate in quality system design).
- Analyze test data and compute statistical measures as necessary to determine test results.
- Compile inspection and test reports.
Related professions quality inspection
- Quality inspector clothing, leatherwear
- Quality inspector computer equipment
- Quality inspector electrical equipment or eletronic components
- Quality inspector glass, glass products
- Quality inspector machines, appliances, vehicles
- Quality inspector metal goods, metalware
- Quality inspector vehicles, machines