William Elliott in battledress, 1914 or 1915.
Elliott family tree
This is the story of William's involvement in the First World War, drawn from family histories and official records.
William Elliott (born 1890 in Paisley, Scotland; died 1949 in Olds, Alberta) was the eldest son of John Elliott (born 1859 in County Fermanagh, Ireland) and Margaret Milligan (born 1869 in Ayrshire, Scotland). (More in-depth genealogical information about William's family can be found here).
Our main source of information about William's military service comes from his eldest son John's memoir, written in 1988:
My next memories are about the start of World War I, from which time they have been continuous. We had just returned from our holidays on the coast at Saltcoats; when the house door was opened there was a long envelope lying on the door mat where it had dropped from the letterbox slit in the door. This was a notice for my father to report for active duty with the army; he had been a member of the old Territorials, "Militia," and of course they were called first. Great Britain and Germany were at war. My father was posted to the county regiment, The Fifth Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Naturally these happenings caused considerable consternation in the family and as a result were fixed firmly in my mind.
Together with my mother I visited my father at various camps, notably Greenock and Dunfermlin. I remember when my father shipped out and he went to Egypt for a time, then to the first landing at the Dardanelles where he was wounded. After that he was discharged with poor prospects for a continued life.
While my father was away I used to go with my mother to the factory counting house every Friday where she received an envelope with my father's pay, still paid by the company. One week when she went she received the envelope with only a single penny as a make-weight: my father was missing in action, therefore his pay was stopped and we had to leave the company house.... He later turned up in hospital in Egypt.
On being repatriated to Scotland and discharged from the army with poor prospects for continued life, he was advised to find employment in the open air. Not long after his discharge our whole family were walking down the street when Mother noticed a man across the street looking at us. When Father turned to look, the man across the street rushed over exclaiming, "My God Elliott, I thought you were dead." This had been my father's company major who had seen him being carried off for dead. They had covered my father's face with a tropical pith helmet, evidently belonging to another soldier, as the regimental number was not my father's (2061). I had the helmet for years and played soldier with it.
We have been able to augment and in some cases correct these recollections using records from the U.K. National Archives and regimental histories.
William joined the Territorial Force (the reserve component of the British Army in the early 20th century) sometime before 1914. He was a member of the 5th (Renfrewshire) Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders ("1/5 A&SH"), based in Greenock, about 16 miles from his hometown of Paisley.
Britain declared war against Germany on August 5, 1914, and on the following day the Territorial Force was mobilized. William probably received his activation (or "embodiment") orders very shortly after this date, so the Saltcoats vacation that John refers to would have taken place in July, 1914.
For the rest of 1914 and the first half of 1915, 5th Battalion training took place in Greenock and Dunfermlin, as John correctly remembers. 5th Battalion did not, however, complete their training in time to participate in the initial Allied land assault on Gallipoli, which means that John's recollection that his father was in the first Dardanelles landing is incorrect. Perhaps some historical detail is in order...
After a failed attempt by the Royal Navy to force their way through the Dardanelles Straights in March 1915— the goal being to capture Constantinople and "knock Turkey out of the war"— Allied troops landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula on April 25 and began moving north and east, with the objective of capturing the heights of Achi Baba near the town of Krithia and then continuing on to capture the Turkish forts whose guns protected the Dardanelles Narrows. The Allied command believed the campaign would be swift and relatively painless; it turned out to be anything but. The initial phase of the assault was mired in confusion and inadequate leadership, ending with the bloody Battle of Gully Ravine, June 28 to July 5. William was part of the wave of reinforcements brought in towards the end of this phase to help break the gathering threat of stalemate in the form of prolonged trench warfare, such as had already developed on the Western Front in Europe.
[1] Stephen Chambers, Gallipoli: Gully Ravine (Barnsley, South Yorkshire, Pen & Sword Books, 2003) p.188.
[2] The Allies gained 400 yards in this attack and suffered 4,000 casualties. The Turks suffered 10,000 casualties. Alan Moorehead, Gallipoli (London: Aurum Press, 2007) p.219 footnote.
This map of the Gallipoli Peninsula, showing the front line on July 12, is from The Fifth Battalion Highland Light Infantry _PHONE_ by F.L. Morrison
5th Battalion A&SH, now part of the 157th Infantry Brigade of the 52nd (Lowland) Division, left Britain on June 1, headed for the Mediterranean theatre. After brief stops in Alexandria and the British base on the island of Lemnos, William would have arrived at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula on July 3. Whether he saw action immediately is unclear, as the 52nd Division does not appear in the order of battle for the phase of the Battle of Gully Ravine that ended on July 5[1] . We do know that William's battalion took up position on the front line on the afternoon of July 11 and took part in the Allied attack on July 12[2] . As we read in one relevant Wikipedia article,
The plan was for one brigade to attack in the morning and the other to attack in the afternoon so that the full weight of artillery support could be lent to each brigade. The 155th Brigade would attack at 7.35 am and the 157th at 4.50 pm. Bombardment began at 4:30 am, from land, sea and air. 14 Allied planes participated in softening up the Ottoman defenses, one of the first such combined actions in military history.
[3] From Battle of Gully Ravine. (2017, March 24). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:19, May 14, 2017.
A more detailed description of the events of that day can be read in Chapter III of The Fifth Battalion Highland Light Infantry _PHONE_.
Both attacks began well with the capture of the first Ottoman trench but descended into chaos and confusion as, in a repeat of the April and May Helles battles, the troops advanced too far, lost contact and came under artillery and machine gun fire. The next morning [July 13] confusion and panic resulted in a disorderly retreat which was eventually halted but Hunter-Weston ordered the advance to resume and sent the battered Royal Naval Division in again. The line was stabilised.
By the end of the battle, one third of the 52nd Division had become casualties. General Egerton was temporarily dismissed from his command of the division for protesting at the treatment of his troops.[3]
[4] See timeline at 1/5th (Renfrewshire) Battalion Territorial Force
On August 1, 5th Battalion was evacuated to the base on Lemnos due to the heavy casualties they had taken, and saw no further action until 1918, long after William's discharge. Given what we know of 5th Battalion's movements[4] , it is entirely possible that the action on July 12 was William's first and only taste of battle, and it would have far-reaching consequences for his family's future.
[5] In accordance with Army Council Instruction 17 of 1916, a soldier's pay was stopped when he was declared missing. If he later turned up alive, the withheld pay would be restored to him. Since many soldiers opted to have a portion of their pay sent to relatives at home, this policy of "a man is entitled to pay while he is alive and no longer" could be devastating for his family's economy. More information on this practice.
What actually happened to William in that battle? As we saw above, his son John (who would have been 5 years old at the time and therefore had to rely on what he was told at a later date) relates that his father was "buried alive" and was reported missing in action until he turned up in a hospital— indeed, he was missing so long that his pay was stopped for a time, leading to some financial distress for his family back home.[5] Whether William was actually buried alive is unknown, but on July 13, the day of the "disorder


Video encyclopedia
Selective soldering
113C - Selective Soldering
ACE KISS 104 Selective Soldering
Selective Soldering Process
Selective Soldering
ERSA VERSAFLOW 4 - Next Generation Selective Soldering System
Selective soldering is the process of selectively soldering components to printed circuit boards and molded modules that could be damaged by the heat of a reflow oven or wave soldering in a traditional surface-mount technology (SMT) or Through-hole technology assembly processes.This usually follows an SMT oven reflow process; parts to be selectively soldered are usually surrounded by parts that have been previously soldered in a surface-mount reflow process, and the selective-solder process must be sufficiently precise to avoid damaging them.
 - Processes


The 2002 Perl Advent Calendar
On the 24th day of Advent my True Language brought to me..
Yesterday we looked at Class::DBI, a module that lets us create objects that represent the rows stored in a database. Today we're going to look at Pixie, a module that allows us to store data in rows of the database to represent objects. The distinction between the two is a subtle, but important one.
A relational database is a tightly constrained system, where the database knows exactly what is being stored in it and how it relates to other data in it. Using this knowledge it can do powerful searches for you and produce. On the other hand setting up all this takes quite a bit of effort on the programmers behalf as he must try and map each object from the database to one or more rows in the table.
This is in direct contrast to the way Pixie works. Pixie allows you, with no fuss, to simply store complex objects in the database and pull them out again. You don't have to worry about setting up mapping code like you do with Class::DBI, and you don't have to worry about creating tables for each different object you want to store. Pixie will simply serialise up the object, object by object and stores it in the database as binary data.
This does mean that Pixie can't perform complex searches like a true relational database, but what it does mean instead is that objects stored in Pixie don't have any artificial hierarchy instilled in them through their trip through the database. Suddenly any relationship that makes sense to you in code can instantly be stored in the database. This sudden escape from the constraints is truly liberating. I find this freeform storage system it particularly useful for storing session data for people between pages on a website. Because the session object isn't constrained by the database I can add new sections to it and store ad hoc data in it depending on the need of any particular page on my site.
Before we begin storing objects, we must first get Pixie to configure the database so that it has all the correct tables to store the Pixie records in it.
 # turn on Perl's safety features
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 # setup the database in the file 'pixie.db'
 # with no username or password
 use Pixie::Store::DBI;
 Pixie::Store::DBI->deploy("dbi:SQLite:pixie.db", '', '');
Obviously the user that you connect to the database must have sufficient privileges to create tables and so forth (which you always will have with a SQLite database at least.)
Once the database is created then inserting objects into it couldn't be simpler. All you need to do is create a pixie object and use it to insert any objects that you want to store:
 # create a pixie that's connected to the database
 use Pixie;
 my $pixie = Pixie->new();
 $pixie->connect("dbi:SQLite:pixie.db", '', '');
 # create an object, any old object, it doesn't need to be
 # anything special or know how to store itself or anything
 use Person;
 use Math::BigInt;
 use Time::Piece;
 my $person = Person->new(
 firstname => "Mark",
 lastname => "Fowler",
 username => "2shortplanks",
 email => '',
 dob => Time::Piece->strptime("4 Mar 1978",
 "%d %b %Y"),
 credit => Math::BigInt->new("5000"),
 # store the object and all objects it
 # contains in the database
 my $cookie = $pixie->insert($person);
The cookie we get back is a unique identifier for the object that we've just stored. If we want an object back from Pixie then all we need do is request the object for that cookie.
 # get the person's details back again
 my $mark = $pixie->get($cookie);
 # check we got an object back in $mark
 defined( $mark ) or die "Unknown cookie '$cookie'";
 # set the greeting string
 $greeting = "Hello ". $person->firstname.
 " " . $person->lastname;
If we make any changes an object that we've stored in the database then all we need to do is reinsert it. Pixie will be intelligent enough to realise that this object was stored before and that it should change the object in there not create a second instance of it.
 # actually, set my real email address not the
 # Perl advent calendar one
 # reinsert $mark to store it in the database again
Pixie will also Do The Right Thing when it comes to storing changes to objects that are sub objects of what we're inserting, assuming that the sub object have been pulled out of Pixie too.
 # spend ten pounts, therefore lower my credit limit
 # store it again
I normally store the $cookie string for each person's session in their browser cookies so that whenever they show up at my site I can look up their session object. Sometimes however my users decide to user another computer or a different browser and I can't get this cookie back again. What I need to do then is offer them a way of getting at their data without their cookie.
Pixie can bind a name to object which can be used instead of the cookie to retrieve the object:
 # bind my username to my object
 $pixie->bind_name($mark->username => $mark);
Data can be extracted with the get_object_named method that's pretty much identical to get, but it uses a bound name rather than a cookie id
 # get me back again
As way of a demonstration, here's a sample CGI script that will get the session of a person for a person based on either their cookie or their username and password, and will create a new session for them if they don't supply either.
 # turn on Perl's safety features
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 # get the cookie back
 my $cgi = CGI->new();
 my $cookie = $cgi->cookie("cookie");
 my $username = $cgi->param("username");
 my $password = $cgi->param("password");
 # my session
 my $session;
 # try and get the session with either the username or
 # cookie
 if ($username)
 # get the object named the same as their username
 $session = $pixie->get_object_named($username);
 # don't let them get access to the session if they
 # got the password wrong
 if (defined($session) && $session->password ne $password)
 # just print the invalid login page and exit
 print $cgi->header;
 print invalid_login();
 # get with the cookie
 $session = $pixie->get($cookie);
 # check we got a session out in the end
 unless ($session)
 # No session recreated? Create a new session then!
 my $person = Person->new();
 # create
 $cookie = $pixie->insert($person)
 # print the header containing the cookie
 print $cgi->header(-type => 'text/html',
 -cookie => $cgi->cookie(-name => 'cookie'
 -value => $cookie,
 -expires => '+1M'));
Proxy objects
One of the cleverest things about Pixie is the way that it returns object trees from the database. Consider the situation where you have an object in the database and that object has references to another few objects, and each of those objects have a few more objects themselves and so on and so on. Suddenly pulling the top object of the database requires a few hundred objects to be pulled out of the database. This is pretty wasteful if you only needed to check a simple attribute of the topmost object.
To avoid this situation Pixie creates what are called "Proxy" objects. Whenever you pull an object out of the database the objects it references in turn are not pulled out of the database, but instead in the place in the object where they would have been stored one or more "Proxy" object are created. As soon as you call any method on these objects they are magically upgrade themselves to the real object by extracting themselves from the database (in a similar fashion to the way Object::Realize::Later objects upgrade themselves.) What this means is that Pixie is very efficient with database access, but you can't access the data structures of objects that haven't been extracted yet. For example:
 my $person = $pixie->get($cookie);
 # wont work, as shopping_basket is only a proxy object
 # you really should be using accessors methods!
 print $person->shopping_basket->{type};
 # works, as causes shopping_basket to be sucked in
 print $person->shopping_basket->value();
 # now works as shopping basket has been loaded and is
 # the real object now.
 print $person->shopping_basket->{type};
Although Pixie can store an awful lot of objects nicely and automatically, it does have problems when the data that is part of an object is inaccessible to Perl itself. One such case is when Perl is interfacing with a C library. Some of the data Pixie needs to store for that object may be squirrled away by the library in some place that Perl can't find it.
For this reason you shouldn't expect Pix


text:
The proposed Li sulfur battery systems will enable power and energy storage for future science and exploration missions such as: missions using electric propulsion, robotic missions, lunar exploration missions to NEO and MARS, crewed habitats, astronaut equipment, robotic surface missions to Venus and Europa, polar Mars missions and Moon missions, and distributed constellations of micro-spacecraft.
The Li sulfur battery system also offers benefits to other national needs. This includes national defense systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles (AUV's), and soldier portable power systems. Benefits to the terrestrial energy sector include: all-electric and hybrid cars, grid-scale energy storage systems, smart grid, and remote, off-grid power systems (crewed vehicles and habitats). Lithium sulfur battery has created an interest among industry participants for automotive applications because of its inherent features. A lithium sulfur battery is likely to provide the right solution for the issues that are challenging the demand for lithium-ion batteries in HEVs and EVs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
u can get every thing using FileIOPermission
The following examples illustrate code that uses FileIOPermission. After the following two lines of code, the object f represents permission to read all files on the client computer's local disks. The code example then demands the permission to determine whether the application has permission to read the files.
FileIOPermission f = new FileIOPermission(PermissionState.None);
f.AllLocalFiles = FileIOPermissionAccess.Read;
catch (SecurityException s)


text:
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A member of a religious sect which arose in northern Africa in the fourth century. The Abelians married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they maintained, of Abel, and attempted to keep up the sect by adopting the children of others. They are known only from the report of St. Augustine, written after they had become extinct. Also called
- Of or pertaining to the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829).
- adj. mathematics, dated Alternative capitalization of abelian
- n. Roman Catholicism, historical A member of a sect in fourth-century Africa mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married but lived in continence after the manner, as they claimed, of Abel.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.
- From Abel + -ian. (Wiktionary)
"Modules over more general rings do not necessarily have a basis, and those that do are called Abelian Groups"
"The nice thing about Abelian grapes is that they taste just the same, no matter what order you eat them in."
"Abelian group: group theory is the simplest branch of abstract algebra, and one of the basic divisions is between Abelian groups (named for Abel), where the order of operations doesn't matter (they 'commute'), and non-Abelian groups, where order does matter."
"Graydon@178: I think the Abelian grape is my favorite."
"PS: Keep forgetting to mention how much I like the Abelian grapes."
"The Abelian heretics of Africa abstained from women because Abel died virginal."
"In fact, if the only issue in the Clay prize were the UV limit of non-Abelian gauge theory, Tadeusz Balaban would probably already have won the million (see references in above review), using renormalization group methods."
"Indeed, from a categorical point of view, a Cartesian product in set theory, a direct product of groups (Abelian or otherwise), a product of topological spaces, and a conjunction of propositions in a deductive system are all instances of a categorical product characterized by a universal property."
"For example, given a finite Abelian group, how can it be decomposed into a product of certain of its subgroups?"
"From then on, a specific category of structures, e.g., a category of sheaves over a topological space X, could be seen as a token of an abstract category of a certain type, e.g., an Abelian category."
These user-created lists contain the word 'Abelian'.
List of mathematical terms, functions, theorems, &c. named after or in honor of a person or persons.
MacDonald identity, Cauchy sequence, Banach space, Mandelbrot set, Lie group, Galois theory, Dehn's lemma, Galois connection, Boolean algebra, Heyting algebra, Brouwer lattice, Lindenbaum algebra and 149 more...
Looking for tweets for Abelian.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Sep. 12, 2011 Flitting among the cool slopes of the Appalachian Mountains is a tiger swallowtail butterfly that evolved when two other species of swallowtails hybridized long ago. It's a rarity in the animal world, biologists have found.
They discovered that the Appalachian tiger swallowtail, Papilio appalachiensis, evolved from mixing between the Eastern tiger swallowtail, P. glaucus, and the Canadian tiger swallowtail, P. canadensis.
The Appalachian tiger swallowtail rarely reproduces with its parental species and is a unique mixture of the two in both its outward traits and inward genetic makeup.
The research, published September 12 in the journal PLoS Genetics, is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health.
"Understanding species formation is central to explaining the vast diversity of life on Earth," says Sam Scheiner, program director in NSF's Division of Environmental Biology.
"But we are just beginning to understand the process," says Scheiner. "These researchers made use of an unusual hybrid to unlock knowledge of the genetic basis of species formation."
How new species form is one of the central questions in evolutionary biology, says biologist Krushnamegh Kunte of Harvard University, lead author of the paper.
"Hybrid speciation is more common in plants, but there are very few cases in animals," says Kunte. "This study may create the fullest picture we have to date of hybrid speciation occurring in an animal."
"This is a remarkable demonstration of how hybridization can create populations with a new combination of life history and morphological traits, allowing colonization of novel environments by a'mosaic genome,'" says biologist Larry Gilbert of the University of Texas at Austin, a co-author of the paper.
"Importantly," he says, "it demonstrates one way that new species can form."
Kunte and colleagues studied several of the eight species of North American tiger swallowtail butterflies.
These large insects are generally recognized by yellow wings with black stripes and small "tails" on their hind wings.
Of the three species, Eastern tiger swallowtails prefer warmer climes and lower elevations, and the females come in two different forms.
They are either striped--yellow and black--or almost entirely black, the latter mimicking a poisonous butterfly called the Pipevine swallowtail, Battus philenor.
Canadian tigers are only striped yellow and black, and found in cooler habitats at higher latitudes and elevations.
The Appalachian tiger exhibits a mix of those traits.
It shares an affinity for cooler habitats with the Canadian tiger, while sharing the ability to mimic the black Pipevine swallowtail with the Eastern tiger.
Digging into the butterflies' genomes, the scientists found that the Appalachian tiger inherited genes associated with cold habitats from males of the Canadian tiger, and inherited a gene for mimicry from Eastern tiger females.
They also found that the Appalachian tiger's genome has become distinct from the genomes of its two parental species, even though the butterflies come into contact with each other in the wild.
"Hybrid speciation is a controversial phenomenon, and this is especially true in animals, where clear-cut examples are exceedingly rare," says Marcus Kronforst of Harvard University, also a co-author of the paper.
The Appalachian tiger's range nudges against the Canadian tiger in the northern Appalachian Mountains, and against the Eastern tiger in the lower elevations surrounding the mountains.
The conventional view of speciation is that one species splits into two over time. With time, the species become more and more reproductively isolated from each other.
In the case of hybrid speciation, new species are formed when two species interbreed to create viable hybrids that then evolve on their own.
It can occur when two young species haven't yet evolved over a long enough period to be completely reproductively isolated.
Kunte says this is probably the case with these tiger swallowtails.
The Eastern and Canadian tigers diverged from each other a mere 600,000 years ago. The Appalachian tiger seems to have diverged from both parental species only about 100,000 years ago.
"That's not a very long time," says Kunte, "but still we found that the Appalachian tiger has been isolated long enough to have a different appearance and genetic makeup than its parent species."
As for identifying the species in the wild, Appalachian tigers are twice the size of Canadian tigers. Kunte says it's more difficult to tell apart the Eastern and Appalachian tigers.
The Eastern tiger has more blue on the hind wing and a spotted yellow band on its fore wing underside compared with a solid broad band on the Appalachian tiger.
"Once you train your eyes to tell them apart," says Kunte, "they are relatively easy to distinguish."
Other co-authors include Tom Juenger at the University of Texas at Austin.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- Krushnamegh Kunte, Cristina Shea, Matthew L. Aardema, J. Mark Scriber, Thomas E. Juenger, Lawrence E. Gilbert, Marcus R. Kronforst. Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies. PLoS Genetics, 2011; 7 (9): e1002274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen._PHONE_
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
Math Magician for iOS
Are you up to the challenge?
Now available on iTunes
Interactive Flipchart activity to practice the days of the week. Use the pen to fill in today's date. Drag and drop the days of the week to complete each sentence.
Print out the flowers. Give each student one flower and have them draw a picture or write something related to the word on the flower. Make stems and leaves and create a bulletin board.


Even Monkeys Have Tipping Points
… And What It Can Mean For Us!
By Mark Bowser
The Japanese monkey known as Macaca fuscata had been studied for decades. Scientist had been observing them in their natural habitat.
In 1952, scientists decided to change the game a little. On the island of Koshima, the scientists began dropping sweet potatoes into the sand. They were curious to see what the monkeys would do with them. The monkeys loved the taste of the sweet potatoes but they were not too fond of the dirty sand all over their food.
One day, an eighteen month old female monkey the scientists had named "Imo" decided that she was going to wash her sweet potatoes in a nearby stream before she ate them. The scientists watched intently as Imo carried her sweet potatoes and began scrubbing the sand off of them. She loved the taste of the now clean sweet potatoes.
Imo then went on to teach her mother as well as the other young monkeys around her own age on how to clean their sweet potatoes too. Pretty soon, there was a whole group of the monkeys that were cleaning their sweet potatoes in the nearby stream before they ate them. This went on from 1952 to1958.
Then, a very curious thing happened. As more and more monkeys began washing their sweet potatoes, it appeared that the monkeys hit a tipping point in their community. All of a sudden, almost all of the monkeys on the island of Koshima were washing their sweet potatoes.
Then an even more amazing thing happened when all of a sudden monkeys on other nearby islands began washing their sweet potatoes too. How did that happen? It wasn't as though any monkeys from Koshima swam to the other islands and began presenting seminars on how to clean sweet potatoes. It just happened! But how?
We may never know how or why monkeys on the other islands began practicing the same cleanliness. But, we know that communities do hit tipping points. And we do know that some products will become the next fashion trend and some videos go viral.
It appears that thoughts have energy kind of like radio waves. Have you ever been thinking of something and a friend calls you on the phone and starts talking about the exact same thing? It is kind of freaky, isn't it? But, it happens.
If one monkey named Imo can change an entire monkey community … then what can we do if we put our minds to it to change our community? Just some food for thought.
Thanks for reading today!
*Mark Bowser can be contacted at _URL_.
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Lego toy construction set. This model was displayed in the V&A British Design Exhibition in 2012. Initial designs by Nicoll Russell Studios and engineers Binnie Black & Veatch.
These caissons (also known as gondolas) always weigh the same whether they are just full of water or are carrying their combined capacity of 600 tonnes (590 long tons; 660 short tons) of floating canal barges as, according to Archimedes' principle, floating objects displace their own weight in water, so when the boat enters, the amount of water leaving the caisson weighs exactly the same as the boat. This keeps the wheel balanced. Despite its enormous mass, it rotates through 180° in five-and-a-half minutes using very little power. It takes just 22.5 kilowatts (30.2 hp) to power the electric motors, which consume just 1.5 kilowatt-hours (5.4 MJ) of energy in four minutes, roughly the same as boiling eight kettles of water.
The wheel is the only rotating boat lift of its kind in the world. The United Kingdom has one other boat lift: the Anderton boat lift inCheshire. The Falkirk Wheel is an improvement on the Anderton boat lift and makes use of the same original principle: two balanced tanks, one going up and the other going down.
source: wikipedia
Designed by the French structural engineer Michel Virlogeux and British architectNorman Foster, it is the tallest bridge in the world with one mast's summit at 343.0 metres (1,125 ft) above the base of the structure. It is the 12th highest bridge deck in the world, being 270 metres (890 ft) between the road deck and the ground below.Millau Viaduct is part of the A75-A71 autoroute axis from Paris to Montpellier. Construction cost was approximately €400 million. It was formally inaugurated on 14 December 2004, and opened to traffic on 16 December. The bridge has been consistently ranked as one of the great engineering achievements of all time.
source: wikipedia
Venice is under serious threat due to the rise in sea level and sinking of land at an alarming rate. The MOSE project will protect the Venetian Lagoon from being submerged by the Adriatic Sea and protect the famous city of Venice and the neighbouring areas from flooding. It is expected to be operational by 2014. The project will prevent flooding through the installation of 78 mobile gates at three inlets, namely Lido, Malamocco and Chioggia, which will separate the Venetian Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea.MOSE, the Italian word for Moses, is an acronym for Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, which means Experimental Electromechanical Module. The name aptly alludes to the story of Moses parting the Red Sea. Consorzio Venezia Nuova has been entrusted to carry out the project by the Venice Water Authority, with Astaldi holding a share in the project. It is a consortium of Italian construction companies, co-operatives and firms which are experienced in operating the lagoon.
The construction work on the project began in 2003 after much delay. As of June 2012, 75% of the work at the site has been completed. The project is expected to be fully completed by 2014. When completed, it will safeguard Venice and the villages located within the Venetian Lagoon from flooding, and prevent the further rise of the sea level.
Background to the Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico (MOSE) project
The Great Flood of 1966, which caused massive loss of life and property, and the sinking of the city by 11 inches during the course of the last century, provided the momentum and necessity to protect Venice. The reasons for the sinking of the city of Venice are principally attributed to the rise in the sea level and extraction of ground water and methane gas within the vicinity of the Venetian Lagoon. The feasibility study for the proposals were completed in 1981 under a project named Progettone, which proposed the setting up of fixed barriers at the inlets, including mobile defence structures.MOSE took shape after being loomed over by a number of consultations and controversies. The proposal to provide a safe measure from flooding dates back to the 1970s. In 1973 a Special Law was enacted, under which six project proposals were accepted after invitations from Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and later taken up by the Ministry of Public Works in 1980. The second Special Law of Venice to provide criteria and strategies took shape under a committee known as the Comitatone, which enabled the Ministry of Public Works to grant a single concession for the companies agreed upon by private negotiation.
In 1982 Consorzio Venezia Nuova was entrusted by the Water Authority to design and implement the measures to safeguard the city, which was presented in 1989 under a project named Riequilibrio E Ambiente (REA), which translates as Rebalancing and the Environment. It provided an abstract design of the mobile barriers at the lagoon inlets and was finally approved in 1994 by the Higher Council of Public Works.
The first environmental impact study was accepted in 1998 and was improved in 2002. Construction work of MOSE finally started in 2003.
Floodgates and components of the Venetian Lagoon project
The MOSE project also includes strengthening of the coastal areas, raising the quaysides and paving of the city.
Contractors involved with Venice's MOSE scheme
In.Te.Se costruzioni d'acciaio designed and constructed two hydraulically self-propelled loading carriages for the project. The loading carriages are being used in moving and positioning the reinforcing piles vertically.
The batching plants used for construction in the MOSE Project are supplied by SIMEN.
source: water technology
Unlike conventional single-engined container ships, the new class of ships is expected to be a twin-skeg design: It has twin diesel engines, each driving a separate propeller. Usually a single engine is more efficient, but using two propellers allows a better distribution of pressure, increasing propeller efficiency more than the disadvantage of using two engines.
The twin-skeg principle also means that the engines can be lower and further back, allowing more room for cargo. Maersk requires ultra-long stroke two-stroke enginesrunning at 80 rpm (versus 90 rpm in the E class); but this requires more propeller area for the same effect, and such a combination is only possible with two propellers due to the shallow water depth of the desired route.
A slower speed of 19 knots is targeted as the optimum, compared to the 23–26 knots of similar ships. The top speed would be 25 knots, but steaming at 20 knots would reduce fuel consumption by 37%, and at 17.5 knots fuel consumption would be halved.[20] These slower speeds would add 2–6 days to journey times.
The various environmental features are expected to cost $30 million per ship, of which the WHR is to cost $10 million. Carbon dioxideemissions, per container, are expected to be 50% lower than emissions by typical ships on the Asia-Europe route and 20% lower than Emma Maersk. These will be the most efficient containerships in the world, per TEU.
source: wikipedia
Time study is a direct and continuous observation of a task, using a timekeeping device (e.g., decimal minute stopwatch, computer-assisted electronic stopwatch, and videotape camera) to record the time taken to accomplish a task and it is often used when:
· there are repetitive work cycles of short to long duration,
· wide variety of dissimilar work is performed, or
· process control elements constitute a part of the cycle.
The systems of time and motion studies are frequently assumed to be interchangeable terms, descriptive of equivalent theories. However, the underlying principles and the rationale for the establishment of each respective method are dissimilar, despite originating within the same school of thought.
The application of science to business problems, and the use of time-study methods in standard setting and the planning of work, was pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor.Taylor liaised with factory managers and from the success of these discussions wrote several papers proposing the use of wage-contingent performance standards based on scientific time study. At its most basic level time studies involved breaking down each job into component parts, timing each part and rearranging the parts into the most efficient method of working. By counting and calculating, Taylor wanted to transform management, which was essentially an oral tradition, into a set of calculated and written techniques.
Taylor and his colleagues placed emphasis on the content of a fair day's work, and sought to maximize productivity irrespective of the physiological cost to the worker. For example, Taylor thought unproductive time usage (soldiering) to be the deliberate attempt of workers to promote their best interests and to keep employers ignorant of how fast work could be carried out.[12] This instrumental view of human behavior by Taylor prepared the path for human relations to supersede scientific management in terms of literary success and managerial application.
source: wikipedia
For the first time, Henry Ford's entire Highland Park, Michigan


Origin of Thought
A great effort was put in to the 2020 election cycle by many of our members. That successful effort carried candidates who share our values in government. People continue to move into the Florida, and specifically Collier County because of the freedoms offered by the way government is conducted.
Keep Our Quality of Life
We wanted to ensure the values and quality of life issue continue in all governmental bodies. That means we have to encourage newcomers to align their thinking with what has been a success in electing these values centric candidates. It means changing the voting patterns that initiated new residents to move away from their past home. This will include two main efforts:
 1. Reaching out to new residents and welcoming them to the area while providing them options to join and engage with like minded organizations. Easy to understand topics will include:
 1. No Income Tax
 2. Public Safety/Strong Police Enforcement
 3. Low Property Tax Rate
 4. Personal Freedoms
 5. Schools are Open (93% participation)
 6. Businesses are Open and Commerce Flowing
 2. Creating a method to gauge candidates based on the values that are shown on the home page of this website. This will be done via the following methods
 1. Invest in Officials that demonstrate our Values.
 2. Invest in Incumbent Candidates that demonstrate our Values.
 3. Invest in identifying, building and supporting Candidates that demonstrate our Values.
 4. Support social club Publicity efforts to target new residents with a Values broad awareness campaign.
 5. Support social club Membership, Target specific demographics for Club memberships (e.g. Young Republicans,
 Hispanics, East Naples).


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Definition of vigil in English:
- A mourner, fallen asleep in a late-night vigil, awakes the next morning to find that not only are his trousers missing, but the corpse has been stolen as well.
- But when I came and kept vigil in his armchair while he lay on his left ribs, his back rolled around him like an exoskeleton, all night I stared at his books neat in their shelves.
- In the old days families kept vigil and ate little 'Soul' cakes.
- N.O.W. was planning to hold a candlelight vigil outside the jail where Yates is being held.
- The local authorities' campaign headquarters plans to hold protest vigils outside the treasury every few days, each time representing two different municipalities.
- On March 27, about 200 teachers and students from the Wellington and Hutt Valley regions staged a protest vigil outside parliament.
- The Christmas pageant involving the children from Culleens and Kilglass N.S. will take place during the Gospel at the Christmas night vigil Mass in Kilglass Church.
- It is at pains to point out that much of the ceremony took place during the Christmas vigil and on the feast of the Nativity.
- The vigil Mass for Christmas will take place in Rathdowney Church on Christmas Eve at 9pm.
Vigil comes from Latin vigilia 'wakefulness', from vigil 'awake'. It was first used for the night before a religious festival, when people might stay wakeful all night in prayer. Related words include vigilant (Late Middle English); vigilance (late 16th century); and vigilante (mid 19th century) adopted from a Spanish word with the literal meaning 'vigilant'. Surveillance (early 19th century) is from the same root and is literally watching over something, also found when someone invigilates (mid 16th century) an exam.
Words that rhyme with vigilsigil, strigil
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


While brightwheel is built to best serve early childhood education centers, there are nannies across the country utilizing the platform to provide insight to parents about their child's day. There are a couple of ways that brightwheel can be setup to work for a nanny or home care situation.
Nanny Owned
The most common setup for nannies is where the nanny or homecare provider is the account owner and manages the platform independently. In this situation, the nanny can add students and parent contacts, just like a teacher would in any other facility.
This enables the nanny to log activities, manage invoices and billing, and communicate with parents.
Parent Owned
For parents who prefer to be in control of the brightwheel platform, this setup may be more preferable. In this situation, the parents would start and manage the brightwheel account and then add their nanny as a staff member. This method still allows the nanny to use all of the features listed above, but the actual account management will be handled by the parents.
The parents should also be added as parent contacts in this situation so that they can get notifications and updates through the brightwheel app.
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Annulment or Divorce, What's the Difference? - Law and Daily Life
Annulment or Divorce, What's the Difference?
Annulments, as a general rule, require at least one of the following: 1) some type of fraud or concealment; 2) a refusal or inability to consummate the marriage (yes, that's pretty much just what it sounds like); or 3) a misunderstanding. Although "misunderstanding" sounds like a fairly broad category, it actually is usually interpreted fairly narrowly to mean a misunderstanding on some kind of a "deal-breaker" type of issue. It doesn't mean an argument or simply "not getting along". One example of a key misunderstanding might be if a couple had never discussed having children and they now found out they disagreed on the issue.
Fraud or hiding key information from a spouse might be grounds for an annulment, as well. For example, if a spouse lies about their ability to have kids (i.e. they physically can't), or hides that they have a sexually transmitted disease, these might be grounds for an annulment based on fraud or concealment.
The above noted requirements and the examples probably demonstrate why most annulments happen shortly after marriage, and in circumstances where the parties didn't know each other too long before marrying. Lastly, if a short term marriage is involved, an annulment would probably not involve any major issues such as division of property, child custody and support, etc. Below are links to more information on the topic, as well as a questionnaire for those looking into annulments.


How to create a repository on GitHub and clone it locally using VScode
This article will walk you through step-by-step showing you how to create a remote repository on GitHub and then clone a copy of it on your local machine using VScode.
In order to follow along in this article you will need to have an active GitHub account. If you currently do not have an account with GitHub you can easily create one by going here: GitHub
We will proceed with this article based on the assumption that you already have an account.


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Last Updated: 7:42 AM, June 27, 2012
Posted: 7:41 AM, June 27, 2012
JERSEY, Channel Islands -- The largest haul of Celtic coins ever found in northern Europe, thought to be worth millions of pounds, has been dug up by amateur treasure hunters on the Channel Island of Jersey.
About 50,000 silver and bronze coins dated to around 50BC were discovered by Reg Mead and Richard Miles, who have been searching the same field for 30 years, The Guardian reported.
The pair had been inspired by local legends of buried treasure and scoured the area using a metal detector. Earlier this year they found 60 silver coins and one gold, dating from the 1st century BC.
But they were convinced there was further fortune waiting for them, and so they continued searching.
Their jackpot discovery, a mass of coins clumped inside a soil block, weighs almost a ton (three quarters of a tonne). It has been removed from the ground and taken to a safe place.
Further excavation is taking place at the secret location by archeologists keen to get to the bottom of the ancient discovery, while it is kept secluded from the threat of looters.
Ownership and value of the findings could take months to determine and are subject to the island's Treasure Act. It is estimated the coins could be worth £10 million (US$15.6 million).
Olga Finch, curator of archaeology at the Jersey Museum, called it a find of international importance. "The fact that it has been excavated archaeologically is also rare and will greatly enhance the level of information we can glean about the people who buried it. It is an amazing contribution to the study of Celtic coins."
Jersey Heritage said the coins are from Armorica -- modern day Brittany and Normandy -- and made by a tribe called the Coriosolitae, The Independent reported.
The coins are understood to date back to the Late Iron Age, a time when the armies of Rome's Julius Caesar were advancing north-westwards through France, driving the tribal communities towards the coast.
People escaping would have crossed the sea to Jersey, finding a place of refuge away from Caesar's campaigns. It is thought they may have buried their wealth to protect it.


One of the behavioral Visual Acuity analysis testperformed are the optokinetic response (OKR) test and OMR. From the analysis of this test, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity could be deduced. For the test, zebrafish larvae are immobilized in petri dishes above an infrared light. The light emitted rotating grating patterns around the larvae, and the patterns elicited eye movement, which was recorded in real time by an infrared-sensitive Camera.


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Presentation A – "The Activity Badge Game" (For use with Cub Scouts & Parents)
Presentation A – "The Activity Badge Game"
(For use with: Cub Scouts & Parents)
For this presentation you will need three clipboards, paper, pens and/or markers as well as a timer.
The Unit Friends of Scouting Coordinator, or another adult leader in the unit, should make a brief introduction and then turn the podium or microphone over to the presenter.
Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening, My name is _____________. I am a volunteer with the local Boy Scout program, just like the leaders are here in your Pack/Troop/Crew. I am here this evening to talk briefly to the parents here about Friends of Scouting, your opportunity to invest in the future of scouting in our community.
Now before we get started I am going to need some help from the leaders and parents here, what I am going to need is three teams. (Select teams – quickly!) I am going to ask a question and you will be given a set amount of time to list as many answers to that question as possible, each correct answer will equal one point, the team with the most points will win the round. The team with the most winning rounds will be the champions.
Question #1: Badges and Recognition pins have been part of the Scouting program from its earliest days. In Webelos Scouts can earn activity badges (pins) – name as many of those badges as possible.
Question #2: In Boy Scouts, Scouts can earn merit badges – name as many of those as possible.
Question #3: List as many outings as you can remember where your Scout earned some kind of badge or recognition.
(After each question, ask them to read their lists, Add up points each round has a winner, After three rounds clap for the winning team and then ask them to sit.)
You listed activity badges and merit badges such as: ____________. Earning those badges are a lot of fun aren't they? Now I'd like the scouts to cover your ears. (In sort of a forced whisper) But not only are they fun, but the badges also teach them things. We teach them to obey their parents, their teachers and the rules. We teach them to play nice with others especially with brothers and sisters. We teach them that their family is important and that they are important to their family. We teach them that homework can be fun and bring them rewards.
Okay you can uncover your ears. See what they want to know is that Scouting is fun, we want you to know that scouting is important. Scouting is not something they do, it's something they are.
Scouting makes for stronger families, better communities, and more successful lives. Scouting teaches LIFE SKILLS. And while Life Skills isn't one of the 127 merit badges currently offered by the Boy Scouts of America, but Life Skills are what young people take away from earning any Scout badge!
But don't just take my word for it. Let me show you what Time Magazine discovered in a survey they did. The folks at Time magazine talked with thousands of Scouts and this is what they discovered:
For every 100 boys who join scouting:
- 1 will save a person's life with the information he learned through scouting
- 1 will save his own life with the information he learned through scouting
- 2 will become medical professionals
- 10 will have their first exposure to organized religion
- 2 will become active leaders in their church or synagogue
- 10 will discover a career or lifetime hobby from the merit badge program
- 2 will join law enforcement
- 1 will become a fire fighter
- 4 will earn the Eagle Scout rank
- 16 will return to scouting as adult volunteers
As you can see from these statistics badges are more than just an important part of the uniform and insignia – each badge exists to encourage Scouts to explore areas that interest them and to teach them valuable skills. Many times, these experiences lead to careers and lifelong hobbies.
This afternoon we are going to ask you to consider making a gift to help support Scouting locally. In the Westmoreland Fayette Council we spend about $125 per scout, above and beyond registration fees, camp fees and event registration fees, to just to maintain the current program. We want to do more for your children. We want to offer the best Scouting experience possible, offering them the chance to earn as many Badges as possible.
The Westmoreland Fayette Council helps to provide training, professional program support, operates three camps: Tenacharison, Camp Conestoga and Camp Buck Run, provides camporees, activities, operates a store where you can purchase supplies and much more.
Once a year we ask that you make a pledge of financial support for the Westmoreland Fayette Council so that we can continue to deliver and improve the quality activities, opportunities and personal growth that is today's scouting. Please pick up the brochure that is in front of you. Just follow the directions by printing your name and address, enter the amount you would like to pledge for 2012 and sign the card. You can also chose when you would like to receive your pledge invoice, so there is no need to pay tonight. You can honor your pledge in the form of a check cash or credit card. It is just that easy.
I realize that every family has their own unique financial resources and responsibilities. You do not have to participate in order for you child to enjoy all the benefits of scouting. But every dollar allows us to do more for every scout today and for scouts to come in the future. Please take a few minutes to complete those forms now.
As a way to say thank you for supporting the Council everyone who pledges $125 or more will get this handsome badge to wear on their uniform (hold up patch). Additionally, your unit will benefit from your pledge (pull out unit poster). If your unit raises _________ amount in pledges this evening, or has ________ number of families participant the Council will provide Free Rank Advancement to your unit for the next twelve months! (If key volunteers from the unit made a donation at a kick-off or prior to the start of the meeting, color in the graphs. Hold up the graph and show them how close they are)
(Give them a minute to complete pledge cards)
Scouting is a proud program with over 100 years of success stories. Since we have been talking about badges this afternoon I thought it would be good to mention that periodically we change the design, name, and availability of badges depending on their popularity, shifts in the focus of the program, and changes in society. Therefore, even in this every changing world, Scouting continues to maintain its relevance!
At this time I would like you to pass the envelope that is laying at the end of each table around, feel free to place your pledge cards, any checks and even cash donations into that envelope – we will collect those and
I will be here throughout the meeting and I will announce your unit's total pledge before the end of the evening. Please complete your cards now and hold them up as we come around and collect them. Thank you for listening to my story and thank you for being such wonderful Friends of Scouting.
(Make a recap later in the evening, showing the unit poster colored in and let them know how close to / how far over their goal they are! If they are close this could generate a little more from the crowd.


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Central plate for 2 RJ outlets, flat model. The central plate has a transparent text field to which you can easily add text or icons. Finishing colour: gold coated.
Central plate data 2x RJ, gold coated.
- Material central plate: The central plate is enamelled and made of rigid PC and ASA.
- Colour: alu-look gold
- Text field: At the top, the central plate is equipped with a hinged, non-transparent window with label. Dimensions label: 9.5 x 42.4 mm.
- Dismantling: To dismount simply pull the central plate off the mechanism.
- Protection degree: IP41 for the combination of a mechanism, central plate and faceplate
- Impact resistance: The combination of a mechanism, a central plate and a faceplate has an impact-resistance of IK06
- Fire safety
- The plastic parts of the central plate are self-extinguishing (comply with a filament test of 650°C)
- The plastic parts of the central plate are halogen-free.
- Dimensions of finishing: 45 x 45 mm (HxW)
- Dimensions (HxWxD): 44.7 x 44.7 x 8.6 mm
- Marking: CE


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Development Diary: Rethinking Gold as a CurrencyEdit
Tuesday, February 8, 2011
Path of Exile's economy is the most important element of the game to us. It's why we designed it to be played exclusively online. We examined the economies of other online RPGs and looked at how players interacted with each other in trade. In order to make gold a viable currency, the developers created many artificial sinks that do not have any real gameplay benefit. In some games, rather than using these built-in gold systems, players seem to prefer to barter item-for-item, inventing their own currencies and relative values. This development diary entry describes how we used these lessons to design the trade systems in Path of Exile. The Traditional Gold Economy
Gold has several consequences in an action RPG setting:
- Gold Sinks: Games that use gold incur high inflation unless they have sufficient gold sinks in the form of mandatory expenses such as item repairs, paying to revive characters or continuously buying potions. These sinks are generally an unnecessary obligation and can be frustrating if a player is low on gold.
- Gold Farmers: Online RPGs often get infested by gold farmers who play the game to accumulate large quantities of gold that are then sold to other players. If gold is the main currency, it's very simple to perform gold-accumulating tasks to supply the secondary market.
- Wealth Determinism: Earning a steady quantity of gold from monsters killed helps to re-enforce the treadmill feeling that many online RPGs suffer. People's net worth in gold is directly proportional to the amount of time they have invested playing. This highly linear wealth gain can cause a sense of disillusionment when trying to save up a large amount of gold for a purchase – it's apparent to the player how long it's going to take to grind for it.
- Trade Parity: With a common gold currency, it's easy for players to know and demand the current market value for an item. If the trade occurs at a value that differs from the current perceived market value, then one of the players feels that they got ripped off.
Bartering Currency ItemsEdit
In online RPGs where gold is too easy to obtain, we observed players trading certain items as currency and ignoring the underlying gold. Some examples are the "Globs of Ectoplasm" in Guild Wars and the "Stone of Jordan" and "High Rune" economies in Diablo II.
We found that successful game pseudo-currencies have four characteristics:
- Homogeneity: Each unit of the currency has to be equivalent to other units. They should stack together, and there should never be a reason for a player to discriminate between two different units of that currency.
- Utility: The individual currency items have specific uses in addition to their trade value. If the recipient of the currency item is able to use it to improve their character, then it's even better for them to trade for. The economic value represented by its scarcity is just an added bonus so that they are able to on-trade it if they decide not to consume it themselves.
- Scarcity: The currency should not be trivial to find. Some popular in-game barter items represent days or weeks of playing, and provide meaningful trade material for very high-end items. Other barter items are more common (cropping up every half hour or more) and allow for granularity with lower value trades.
- Handleability: It should be convenient to transport or transact with a large portion of your net worth as currency.
These three factors help make a currency acceptable. If a currency is arbitrary (players are told "this is what you should use to trade with") but it isn't useful, homogeneous or particularly scarce, then it's possible they'll pick some other currency that feels more appropriate to them. It's important for game designers to predict the encouraged player behavior and to make sure that behavior is enjoyable.
We examined how a currency item system affects the previously mentioned consequences of a gold based economy:
- Sinks: By having every currency item inherently useful to improve a character, each currency item is its own sink. In our experience with Path of Exile, a majority of currency item trades end with the item being immediately consumed by the recipient. This also means that unnecessary gold sinks like repairing items can potentially be removed from the game.
- Gold Farmers: Although it's still possible to farm currency items with unskilled labour, it's substantially more complicated. Having to manage an inventory of dozens of different items with fluctuating rarities is a much larger ordeal that is difficult to deploy en-masse. Real players won't have a problem with this because they know more about the game.
- Wealth Determinism: A character's wealth is determined by the sum of both his available currency items and also any items that he may have for trade. The unpredictable acquisition of both currency items and trade-worthy equipment helps mask the treadmill feeling that occurs when you can predict your gold gain per quest or per minute.
- Trade Parity: The relative value of currency items fluctuates constantly as new and interesting applications are found for them. It's also subjective for each player – they all have own current item goals and each currency item may help them achieve that goal in a different way. Players can accept these barter trades because they either meet an immediate need for a currency item to use or because the items are of roughly equal value and can be later traded to someone else.
Path of Exile's Currency ItemsEdit
Our implementation of this concept embraces it fully. While killing monsters in Path of Exile, you occasionally find currency items. There are currently over a dozen different types and this number will probably grow to 25 by release. It's worth pointing out that these items are not for sale in our microtransaction store – they're entirely in-game currency found and traded for by players.
Our currency items meet the three criteria of good game barter currencies. They are homogeneous and handleable (you can stack them). They are useful (each performs a specific action on an item or a character) and they are substantially scarcer than gold. Some of them are relatively common – you'll probably find at least one per half hour of playing. Others are rarer, taking potentially days of gameplay to find, if you're lucky. A few are so valuable that casual players may never find them, but only hear of them in high-end trades.
Each currency item performs a function that can help improve your character. Some examples from our current alpha version, in order of rarity, are:
- Scroll of Wisdom: Identifies a magic, rare or unique item. People actually do trade these.
- Whetstone: Increases the quality of a weapon. For example, it can upgrade a +10% damage sword to +13%. These quality values cap at 20%.
- Armour Shard: Increases the quality of an armour piece.
- Orb of Augmentation: Adds a mod to a magic item that has only one prefix or suffix. For example, it could turn Short Sword of Frost into Sharp Short Sword of Frost.
- Orb of Transmutation: Upgrades a base item into a magic item. It could turn a Recurve Bow into a Burning Recurve Bow of Anger.
- Jeweler's Orb: Randomises the socket arrangement on an item.
- Orb of Alchemy: Upgrades a base item into a rare item.
- Chaos Sphere: Rerolls a rare item to have new random properties.
- Exalted Orb: Adds a mod to a rare item, if it has less than the maximum.
Results from TestingEdit
So far, we're very pleased with the results of this system. Because of the pseudorandom slot-machine-like nature of currency item drops, players get a rush from finding them. We keep hearing players excitedly showing off the valuable orbs they have found. This is more rewarding than slowly grinding up their gold value until it hits 100,000.
Players seem very keen to trade their currency items with each other. Because they all have their own metrics for how much each effect is worth, it's common to see quite complex barters occurring with several different types of currency items.
Recently I was trying to upgrade my rare sword in Path of Exile. I had two Chaos Spheres available, which could reroll its mods randomly. While I was certain that I could improve the terrible mods that it had currently, I was apprehensive about potentially wasting my most powerful currency items. I asked around and found another tester who was happy to offer me a substantially better sword in exchange for those two Chaos Spheres. I knew that it'd take an extremely lucky roll to beat the mods on his sword, so I accepted the trade. What was in it for him? He really wanted to reroll his bow and already had a better sword than the one he traded to me.
Some players immediately use all their currency items on the spot to improve their character. These players generally have quite powerful characters and items, but are always low on actual currency items to trade. They're often seen trading powerful upgraded items for currency, in an attempt to reroll/upgrade other items and fuel their addiction.
Other players prefer to save up all their currency items and rely on trading them for specific desired items. These risk-averse players often have several weak items on their character, but a powerful amount of disposable currency for purchasing great items when they crop up in trade. They can also perform substantial spot-rerolling if they really need something in a hurry.
Because we're not using gold like other games, we were able to re-evaluate each of the game mechanics commonly used as a gold sink. We found that almost without exception, they are all negative mechanics that impose a burden on the player and don't increase enjoyment. We scrapped the concept of repairing items. Our flasks can be refilled so you don't


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The neuromodulatory interactions of sex steroids with the opioid system may result in sex differences in pain and analgesia. Dynorphin is an endogenous kappa-opioid peptide that is upregulated in an animal model of peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia and is possibly regulated by circulating levels of sex steroids. The present study compared behavioral responses of male, cycling female, and gonadectomized Sprague-Dawley rats in a model of persistent pain. Cycling female rats were behaviorally tested over a 14-day period, and their estrous cycles were monitored by daily vaginal smears. Thermal hyperalgesia was measured by paw withdrawal latencies taken prior to and 24-72 h after rats received a unilateral hindpaw injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Prior to CFA administration, there was no significant difference in paw withdrawal latencies between male rats, cycling female rats, and ovariectomized female rats. Following CFA administration, female rats in proestrus exhibited significantly increased hyperalgesia compared with male rats, ovariectomized female rats, and female rats in other estrous stages (P≤0.05). Levels of spinal preprodynorphin (PPD) mRNA induction in the L4-L5 segments were assessed by Northern blot analysis. PPD mRNA expression ipsilateral to the injected paw was significantly higher in female rats in diestrus (P≤0.05) and proestrus (P≤0.01) compared with rats in estrus and intact male rats. Ovariectomized rats had significantly higher levels of PPD mRNA expression compared with intact male rats (P≤0.05). However, castrated male rats had significantly lower levels of PPD mRNA expression than intact male rats (P≤0.05). PPD mRNA expression was not altered on the contralateral side of the spinal cord in any group. These results suggest a hormonal regulatory influence on the response of spinal cord dynorphin neurons to chronic inflammation and furthermore, that the association of the endocrine and opioid systems have the ability to influence an animal's sensitivity to pain.
- Pain response
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine


Code Yarns 👨💻
Tech BlogPersonal Blog
What is a non-manifold mesh
📅 2013-Oct-22 ⬩ ✍ Ashwin Nanjappa ⬩ 🏷 blender, mesh, non-manifold ⬩ 📚 Archive
The non-manifold mesh arises while you are editing meshes using tools like Blender. Certain mesh operations cannot be performed on non-manifold meshes. A non-manifold mesh might have one or more elements with the following properties:
 1. An edge incident to more than two faces.
 2. Two or more faces connected only by a vertex and not by an edge.
 3. Adjacent faces whose normals are pointing in opposite directions.
This video explains these concepts beautifully in Maya.


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On p. 496 we find the first allusion to the arrival of German
" Palatines" in the Province. These were inhabitants of the Palatinate
of the Rhine, which was ravaged and almost depopulated by the French
armies in 1688, and the following years. Several thousand of these
fugitives took refuge in England in 1709 whence some emigrated to
America, principally to New York and Pennsylvania, where they were
so kindly received that they invited over others of their countrymen.
Later, about 1732, there was a large influx of Germans to this country,
who are often referred to as " Palatines." Some of these may have
been the Salzburgers who were evicted by their Archbishop, some of
whom Gen. Oglethorpe settled in Georgia; but the name " Palatine,"
having become familiar, was given to any body of Protestant German
immigrants. It is interesting to note that, owing to the preponderant
numbers of the genuine Palatines, other German dialects were assimilated to their speech, which became the foundation of the curious mixed
dialect known as " Pennsylvania Dutch."


text:
The Stratigraphy of the Great Unconformity
The Great Unconformity refers to a significant stratigraphic discontinuity that is found in the geologic records. It represents an interruption in deposition of sedimentary stones. This feature is of great importance for the stratigraphic interpretation sedimentary basins. It can be found in many geological locations around the globe. Numerous studies have been done on the Great Unconformity, which can be thought to represent millions of years worth of geologic time lost. James Hall, an American geologist first described the Great Unconformity late in 19th century. James Hall noticed an unconformity in the Appalachian Mountains' Cambrian-Precambrian strata. Hall initially used the term 'Great Unconformity' to describe the unconformity in the Appalachians (Hall, 2019). Now, the Great Unconformity has been recognized as the largest unconformity in geologic records and was used to separate the Paleozoic from Precambrian periods (Geology.com 2020).


text:
- Why didn't Ringo pat out the fire on the diary or do something?!
- Rule of Symbolism.
- And everything was on fire around her. If she tried rolling over, she would've gotten even more burns on her.
- Couldn't she have put the diary under herself and smothered the fire? The fire wasn't THAT close to her.
- And risking getting burned in vital places Not sure if I want.
- After reading all the references and theories one question remains: why penguins?
- Everything's Better with Penguins?
- Apparently it's a very obscure visual pun. If you read the Japanese word for "apple", "ringo" with Chinese conventions, it becomes "pingu", which is also why the penguins are called "pingu", rather than the more conventional "pingin". And the apple is ofcourse the most important symbol in the series — the apple cut in half is the eponymous "Penguindrum".
- It does relate to the plot as well if you think about it. Sanetoshi and Kenzan first met while on an arctic trip, and that is where they decided to form Pingroup. Likely, they made their symbol a penguin in reference to the way it began. Then the Princess of the Crystal took over Pingroup after they changed their name to Kiga Group. As for why she chose to continue the penguin theme we can't be sure, but at least it works thematically.
- So what purpose did Mario ultimately serve? The big revelation of him owning another penguin hat, and thus the other half of Momoka's soul ended up meaning exactly squat in the end.
- Wasn't Mario meant as a trigger for Masako to join the hunt for the Penguindrum, just like Himari triggered Shouma and Kanba to search for it? Episode 16 was pretty explicit about that; Masako agreed to hunt for it in order to save Mario's life.
- And to follow up from that, what was the Princess of the Crystal, in the end? We see that both Momoka and Himari are distict entities from her, and neither has a personality like her's, so what is she and why did she come into being from their union?
- Momoka's literal Split Personality Takeover?
- The Princess of the Crystal was one-half of the containers that sealed Momoka away, in the same way that the two bunnies/twins were the two halves of the container that sealed Sanetoshi. If the bunnies are any indication, the personalities of the containers are distinct from, but supportive of, those who they are sealing. As for why the penguin hat needs to be placed on someone's head for the Princess in the Crystal to take over, and the bunnies don't, though...
- I think the reason you need to wear the hat for it to work is because that is how someone would normally use a hat. There were several times where Sanetoshi was visibly feeding the two bunnies carrots or treating them as mere pets. This could be the reason the bunnies do not have the same restrictions as the Princess of the Crystal does, as they are functioning like any kind of pet bunny would.
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I'm looking to build a piece of PHP5 UI that I'm pretty sure is common to a bunch of applications. Basically, it's an expression builder that allows users to specify expressions combined through logical operators (AND/OR), like this:
 - FieldX > 3 AND FieldY = 5
 - FieldY = "bob" and FieldZ is not null
 - FieldX > '5/23/2007' OR (FieldY = 5 AND FieldY is not null)
Ideally, a system like that would allow me as a programmer to specify the list of parameters that the user can pick (columns) and the data type for each. It would also provide a nice, user-friendly interface for defining expressions like that - I'm imagining something like a table, where each row has several pickers:
[Column] [Condition] [Value] [AND/OR] [Column] [Condition] [Value] [AND/OR]...
Do you know of an open-source component that does something like that? Or maybe a part of this kind of functionality?
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8 Answers 8
up vote 11 down vote accepted
A word of caution. These types of generic expression builders are commonly thought of as excellent solutions to a variety of user problems. The thinking tends to go along these lines:
 - The user wants all these different reports
 - There's no way we're giving them SQL access (even if they could understand it)
 - We don't have time to write all these custom reports
 - Therefore, I'll make an easy way for them to write queries without having to know specific syntax, tables and fields.
This is not necessarily a bad idea, but what we have found at my company is that non-techie users have surprising difficulty understanding and building expressions more complex than a group of ANDS or a group of ORS. This is hard for us programmers to grasp, as most of us probably had an intuitive understanding of boolean logic even before we learned to program.
I would recommend that you not try to give them complete flexibility to create whatever expression they want, and instead you put together a UI that lets you the programmer define something more complicated on the back-end but gives the user simple choices on the front-end. This is easier said than done, obviously.
Remember - sometimes the difficulty for end users isn't the fact that they don't know the right syntax to express their idea in. More often it's because they don't even know how to formulate their thoughts in an unambiguous way, even if they were provided an easy way to do so.
NOTE: I'm not saying the end users are always morons - just that their minds may work differently from us crazy developers.
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This is a great, great point. Most people do not think in terms of decision trees. – Steve Goodman Jun 18 '09 at 17:30
This isn't exactly a component, but you might take a look at the Conditions tab of the Shopping Cart rule builder in Magento for a solid PHP implementation of this type of functionality. It is customized towards e-commerce, so it is not a generic database overlay, but it does have a great condition builder interface.
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What version is this in Steve? I think I am using 1.1.3 and it doesn't have this... – alex Jun 17 '09 at 23:34
It should - in the main horizontal menu, go to Promotions > Shopping Cart Price Rules. Then add a new rule. In the new rule form, click the tab on the left labeled 'Conditions'. I'm running 1.0.19+ – Steve Goodman Jun 18 '09 at 15:12
I think this is a very interesting idea. Are you planning on working on this project for personal use or through work?
If you are planning on working on this project personally, maybe you should write it yourself and turn it into an open source project. It looks like there is already some interest in this area and it would be a good learning experience.
Otherwise, I can see how a company could find value in something like this. It would give the programmers another utility that could help them do their job a little bit easier and pay dividends in the long run.
Either way, this project is win. You will learn alot, and create something that other people find useful.
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Check this out: _URL_
Download the client side JavaScript Library version of the component and customize it to your needs. Cheers.
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This gives some really good ideas, thanks! – NPC Sep 18 '12 at 10:49
I think this is more related to UI than PHP in general. You'd better retag your question. Maybe you just want to parse these definitions in PHP, in this case I'd suggest using preg_replace_callback.
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I'd start by creating an object oriented query model. Eg. Criteria-objects. The next step is then to write a UI which allows manipulation of this model structure.
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I've recently done such functionality by myself and, IMHO, it's easier to write your own implementation.
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Was it in PHP? Care to post some of your code? Thanks – alex Jun 17 '09 at 23:34
Yes, PHP. Actually it was lame and straightforward. Here is rule structure: $rule = array( 'field' => 'name', 'action' => 'eq', // test for equality 'value' = 'John*', 'bit_operation' => 'AND' // join between this condition and next } Rules was saved to array in session and used by SQL query building function. No classes, no OOP - just this :) – Kuroki Kaze Jun 18 '09 at 10:34
Arrgh, no code structure for me. – Kuroki Kaze Jun 18 '09 at 10:35
why dont try using smarty which is a template engine that. you just need to get and parse the user input.
Now that I'm thinking, do this in any way will need you checking the user input to avoid injections.
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Your Answer


one language. This allows handlers to be written in one language, and the event binding to be defined in another, thereby avoiding the limitations of particular languages.
Some scripting languages like VBScript provide language conventions for binding objects that source events to script functions that handle events. Other languages typically allow you a run-time mechanism to set up such bindings, e.g. to register call-backs, or a way to poll for events and dispatch them to appropriate handlers.
How do scripts reference objects? In many cases objects associated with HTML elements such as form fields can be identified by virtue of the document markup, e.g. the tag names and attribute values. HTML ID attributes provide identifiers that are unique throughout a given document, while NAME attributes for elements defining form fields are limited in scope to the enclosing FORM element.
Scripting systems may allow authors to script objects that occur within an object associated with an OBJECT or IMG element. Document frames allow one document to be nested in another. Script handlers could be placed in a parent document and used to control the behaviour of a child document. Scripts may also be used for objects external to documents, such as the user agent or other applications. A particularly simple form of scripting is to just wire up objects that source events with ones that sink events. One event may be multicast to several recipient objects.
One way to deal with naming is to introduce language specific naming conventions, e.g. "document.form1.button1" as used by JavaScript. Another is to rely on the context in which a SCRIPT element is located to guide search for a named object. For instance, if the SCRIPT element is within a FORM element, objects associated with form elements with matching NAME values may be sought in preference to elements with matching ID values.
Some scripting languages, such as VBScript, limit the scope of references to a given module, but don't provide language specific means for defining modules. If a module is associated with an HTML document then element ID values can be used for binding handlers to objects. If the module is associated with an HTML form, then form field NAME attribute values could in principle be used by the script engine to unambigously bind handlers to objects by placing the handlers in a SCRIPT element within the associated FORM element.
Intrinsic Events
A number of common events can be handled using attributes placed on the HTML elements associated with the object generating the event. The attribute names for intrinsic events are case insensitive. The attribute value is a scripting language dependent string. It gives one or more scripting instructions to be executed whenever the corresponding event occurs. Note that document.write or equivalent statements in intrinsic event handlers create and write to a new document rather than modifying the current one.
In the following example, userName is a required text field. When a user attempts to leave the field, the OnBlur event calls a JavaScript function to confirm that userName has an acceptable value.

Here is another JavaScript example:

Perhaps you want to dim the background for evening viewing...

You can programmatically set the URL for a link or image:
 function manufacturer(widget) {
 function location(manufacturer) {
 function logo(manufacturer) {
 widget

Using form fields without a NAME attribute
For an INPUT, TEXTAREA or SELECT element to be considered as part of a form, when submitting the form's contents, both of the following conditions must apply:
 1. The element must have a NAME attribute.
 2. The element must be contained by a FORM element.
If either of these two conditions are not met, then the field is not treated as being part of a form. This allows fields such as text fields and buttons to be used together with scripting to build user interfaces independent of the role of these elements for forms.
Deployment Issues
Authors may wish to design their HTML documents to be viewable on older browsers that don't recognise the SCRIPT element. Unfortunately any script statements placed within a SCRIPT element will be visible to users.


text:
Mitosis detection plays important role in many bio-medical applications such as medical diagnosis and drug development, by providing important information about cell division behaviors. Phase contrast microscopy imaging provides an advantageous tool for real time observation of cells without cell damage caused by staining. Spatial visual information, together with temporal dynamic information captured by continuous microscope imaging, could be used for automatic detection of mitotic events among whole-slide images with computer vision and machine learning techniques.
The aim of this challenge is to provide a common benchmark for the evaluation of the mitosis detection algorithms in a new dataset of whole-slide phase contrast time-lapse microscopy images.
Mitosis detection aims to determine the presence of mitosis in the microscopy image, and then locate the spatial and temporal location of mitotic cells across the whole-slide temporal image sequence. Unlike mitotic detection in static images, mitosis detection in phase contrast image dataset need to take both spatial and temporal information into consideration for more precise detection results.
Mitosis detection in phase contrast time-lapse microscopy image has made great progress in recent years of research. Compared with traditional hand-crafted feature based methods, deep learning based method received extensive attention. Several deep learning based methods have been proposed for mitosis detection task in recent years, and they are commonly evaluated on some popular datasets such as the C3H10 and C2C12 dataset. These datasets contain relatively few annotated mitotic events, which could not adequately address the need for big data in deep learning methods. However, since the acquirement of mitosis annotation takes much expertise, it is expensive to get large scale of annotated dataset. In order to promote the development of mitosis detection algorithms, we propose a competition with a dataset that contains more annotated mitotic events than previous datasets.


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Congress Passes National School Lunch Act
During World War II, Congress passes the National School Lunch Act, which provides funding and food for school lunch programs. Research soon demonstrates that providing students with proper nutrition improves their learning and psychological development. The school lunch program is now seen as an important mechanism to ensure that all children are mentally and physically ready to learn.


Main Content
Investigate Signal Values
While transmitting valuable data about a model and between the blocks, signals may take different values. In this section, you learn how to initialize, display signals as well as more information on the data types and dimensions a signal can take.
Initialize Signal Values
If a signal does not have an explicit initial value, the initial value that Simulink® uses depends on the data type of the signal.
Signal Data TypeDefault Initial Value
Numeric (other than fixed-point)Zero
Fixed-pointReal-world ground value
EnumeratedDefault value
You can specify the non-default initial values of signals for Simulink to use at the beginning of simulation.
 - For any signal, you can define a signal object (Simulink.Signal), and use that signal object to specify an initial value for the signal.
 - For some blocks, such as Outport, Data Store Memory, and Memory, you can use either a signal object or a block parameter, or both, to specify the initial value of a block state or output.
For details, see Initialize Signals and Discrete States.
View Signal Values
You can use either blocks or the signal viewers (such as the Signal & Scope Manager) to display the values of signals during a simulation. For example, you can use either the Scope block or the Signal & Scope Manager to graph time-varying signals on an oscilloscope-like display during simulation. For general information about options for viewing signal values, see Scope Blocks and Scope Viewer Overview. For detailed information about:
Display Signal Values in Model Diagrams
To include graphical displays of signal values in a model diagram, use one of the following approaches:
Display Data Tips During Simulation
For many blocks, Simulink can display block output (port values) as data tips on the block diagram while a simulation is running.
 1. In the Simulink Editor, on the Debug tab, select Output Values, go to the Signal tab, and toggle on the Output Value Label > Toggle Value Displays button.
 2. To change display options, use the Options submenu.
For details, see Display Port Values for Debugging.
Display Signal Value After Simulation
To display, below a specific signal, the signal value after simulation:
 1. Right-click the signal.
 2. In the context menu, select Show Value Label of Selected Port.
Signal Data Types
Data type refers to the format used to represent signal values internally. By default, the data type of Simulink signals is double. You can create signals of other data types. Simulink signals support the same range of data types as MATLAB®. See About Data Types in Simulink for more information.
Complex Signals
The values of signals can be complex numbers or real numbers. A signal whose values are complex numbers is a complex signal. Create a complex-valued signal using one of the following approaches:
 - Load complex-valued signal data from the MATLAB workspace into the model via a root-level Inport block.
 - Create a Constant block in your model and set its value to a complex number.
 - Create real signals corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of a complex signal, then combine the parts into a complex signal, using the Real-Imag to Complex conversion block.
Manipulate complex signals via blocks that accept them. If you are not sure whether a block accepts complex signals, see the documentation for the block.
Exporting Signal Data
You can save signal values to the MATLAB workspace during simulation, for later retrieval and postprocessing. For a summary of different approaches, see Approaches for Exporting Signal Data.
Related Topics


text:
La communication dans l'œuvre romanesque de Jacques Savoie
MetadataShow full item record
This paper explores the nature of communication in Jacques Savoie's novels. Many of the characters experience difficulties in making themselves understood by others, especially by their loved ones. Some of these challenges are psychological while others are related to the relationship between the characters. This study examines the both the factors that obstruct communication as well as those that foster it. Of particular interest are the related issues of language and its interpretation. While the state of mutual understanding is often attained through dialogue, the much more elusive state of communion is reached through art, specifically through music and poetry. Several of Savoie's novels are testament to the power of art to communicate not only the nature of the world but its beauty.