text:
Landscape Epidemiology of Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden
Figure 2. A) Spatial distribution of 56 places of tularemia transmission in Ljusdal, Sweden, 1995–2005, overlaid on a map with color-coded demographic data based on residential addresses. B) Disease cluster in an area of 25 km2 along the Ljusnan River in Ljusdal. Reported places of disease transmission and corresponding bacterial genotypes are shown. The 33 Francisella tularensis isolates belong to genetic group 1e and are of genotype ID 15 (red) or genotype ID 16 (black). Place of disease transmission was reported to be certain (circle), probable (square), or possible (diamond); patient residency was used when transmission data was unavailable (triangle).


text:
A beautiful Aritaware porcelain plate in the Museum's collection, decorated with underglaze blue, dates to the mid-Edo period (1615–1868). Its exquisite design features a simple yet precisely painted radiating flower, unfolding with weblike precision. Our watch has been adapted from this elegant motif.
Resin case. Resin link bracelet. Ceramic face, made with SWAROVSKI ELEMENTS. Quartz movement. Case: 1 3/4'' diam.; inner circumference: 7 1/2''L (adjustable).
- Resin case
- MADE WITH SWAROVSKI® ELEMENTS
- Resin link bracelet
- Ceramic face
- Quartz movement
- Case: 1 3/4'' diam.; inner circumference: 7 1/2''L (adjustable)
Art HistoryDuring the Edo period (1615–1868), Japan was unified under the strict control of the Tokugawa shogunate, which controlled access to the outside world. In 1639, less than a century after Europeans had first found their way to Japan, the shogun instituted a policy of national isolation. Dutch merchants, however, were permitted to maintain residences near Nagasaki and to continue trade with Japan. Responding to European demand, the Dutch encouraged the Japanese porcelain industry to fill the gap left by China, where porcelain production was in decline. That Japanese export porcelain is commonly referred to as Aritaware.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Anders Lim
Faint Clouds - Poem by Anders Lim
Connecting with the Earth once more
I comprehend the depths of its core
The gap of failure and success
As thin as paper, uncompressed
Greenest grass and flowery hills
Why do breezes feel like chills
Tropical suns and oceans wide
Why does sorrow hit on every tide
If every cloud has a silver lining
What would the faintest clouds
Reveal in his timing?
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Poem Submitted: Thursday, May 1, 2008
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by k only unless NP\subseteq CoNP/ poly}. We also complement these result by showing that when being parameterized by r and k, the problem admits an algorithm of running time 2^{O( \sqrt{kr\log{(k+r)\log r}})}(nm)^{O(1)}, which is subexponential in k.
- Low GF(2)-Rank Approximationt: Matrix B is of GF(2)-rank at most r. This problem is known to be NP-complete already for r=1. It is also known to be W[1]-hard when parameterized by k. Interestingly, when parameterized by r and k, the problem is not only fixed-parameter tractable, but it is solvable in time 2^{O(r\sqrt{k\log{kr}})}(nm)^{O(1)}, which is subexponential in k.
06 juin 2019
Kolja Knauer (Université Aix-Marseille, Laboratoire d'Informatique et des Systèmes (LIS), Algorithmique, Combinatoire et Recherche Opérationnelle (ACRO))
Generating k-connected orientations Transparents de l'exposé
We present a simple algorithm, that given a graph G generates
all of its k-arc-connected orientations. Its amortized runtime is
basically the same as the one of an algorithm that can be extracted from the theory of submodular flows. The latter is however rather intricate.
Another nice thing is, that our algorithm actually consists of two
modules of independent interest:
1. an algorithm that generates all orientations of G with prescribed
outdegree sequence,
2. an algorithm that generates all outdegree sequences of k-connected orientations of G.
Joint work with Sarah Blind and Petru Valicov
23 mai 2019
Stéphan Thomassé (ENS Lyon)
Computing Maximum Independent Set in Graph Classes
Computing MIS in graph classes is often the right approach for many optimization problems. For instance finding a near maximal set of pairwise intersecting disks in the plane can be done in polytime, just by considering the intersection graph structure. While this approach is appealing, the general problem "Decide which classes C of graphs are easy for MIS" seems a very difficult task. A first and more modest step is to restrict ourselves to classes C defined by a finite list of forbidden induced subgraphs. Here we could show with M. Chudnowsky, M. Pilipczuk and M. Pilipczuk that MIS in Pt-free graphs admits a QPTAS, and this led to a general dichotomy: MIS is either APX-hard or has a QPTAS. Strenghtening QPTAS for these classes to PTAS, QP or even P seems however hard, as a very fine understanding is needed. A much more difficult problem is to characterize these classes C for which MIS is FPT. Sadly, even if we can now decide if MIS is FPT in H-free graphs, where H has at most 5 vertices, we have neither a candidate for a general characterization, nor a general type of algorithm. Instead we face many different aspects of computing an independent set, which makes this question a very exciting playground (Joint work with E. Bonnet, N. Bousquet, P. Charbit and R. Watrigant).
16 mai 2019
Archontia Giannopoulou (Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,Greece)
Braces of Perfect Matching Width 2
A graph G is called matching covered
if it is connected and every edge is contained in
a perfect matching. Perfect matching width is a
width parameter for matching covered graphs
based on a branch decomposition that can be
considered a generalisation of directed treewidth.
We show that the perfect matching width of every
bipartite matching covered graph is within a factor
of 2 of the perfect matching width of its braces.
Moreover, we give characterisations for braces
of perfect matching width in terms of edge maximal
graphs similar to k-trees for undirected treewidth
and elimination orderings. The latter allows us to
identify braces of perfect matching width 2 in
polynomial time and provides an algorithm to
construct an optimal decomposition.
28 mars 2019
Jayakrishnan Madathil (IMSC, Chennai)
Connecting the Dots (with Minimum Crossings)
We study a prototype "crossing minimization" problem. Consider a graph G embedded in the Euclidean plane as follows: the vertices are in distinct points in the plane, and the edges are embedded as line segments between their endpoints. A crossing in G is a pair of edges that intersect (at a point other than their possibly common endpoints).
We are interested in testing whether G has a subgraph with certain properties (such as, being a perfect matching), and at the same time, has only a given number of crossings.
As a starting point, we consider the special case when G is a two-layered graph, i.e., a bipartite graph with the following embedding. Let V(G)=X union Y be the vertex bipartition; the vertices of X are embedded on a line L_1, and the vertices of Y on a different line L_2 that is parallel to L_1. In this case, the crossings in G are uniquely determined by the relative ordering of vertices of X and Y on the lines L_1 and L_2, respectively.
Specifically, we study the following problems. Here, the input is a two-layered graph G and a non-negative integer k.
1. Crossing Minimizing Perfect Matching: The problem is to test whether G has a perfect matching with at most k crossings. We show that this problem is NP-hard, but admits a 2^{O(sqrt(k))} poly(n) algorithm and a kernel with O(k^2) vertices.
2. Crossing Minimizing Hamiltonian Path: The problem is to test whether G has a Hamiltonian path with at most k crossings. We show that this problem is NP-hard, but admits a 2^{O(sqrt(k) log k)} poly(n) algorithm and a kernel with O(k^2) vertices.
3. Crossing Minimizing (s,t)-path: The problem is to test whether G has a path (between two given vertices s and t) with at most k crossings. We show that this problem is W[1]-hard, but admits an n^{O(k)} algorithm.
The talk will focus mainly on the Crossing Minimizing Perfect Matching problem. This is joint work with Akanksha Agrawal, Grzegorz Guśpiel, Saket Saurabh and Meirav Zehavi.
21 mars 2019
Rémy Belmonte (University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan)
Token Sliding on Split Graphs
We consider the complexity of the Independent Set
Reconfiguration problem under the Token Sliding rule. In this problem we are
go on to consider the $c$-Colorable Reconfiguration problem
$c$-colorable at all times.
Otachi and Florian Sikora.
07 février 2019
Guilherme Gomes (Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade Feder al de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)
On the complexity of finding cuts of bounded degree
A matching cut is a partition of the vertices of a graph in two sets A and B such that each vertex has at most one neighbor on the other side of the cut. The Matching Cut problem asks whether or not a graph has a matching cut, and has been intensively studied in the literature. In this talk, we introduce a natural generalization of this problem, which we call d-Cut: for a positive integer d, a d-cut is a bipartition of the vertices of a graph into two sets A and B such that each vertex has at most d neighbors across the cut. We generalize (and in some cases, improve) a number of results for the Matching Cut problem. Namely, we begin with an NP-hardness reduction for d-Cut on (2d+2)-regular graphs and a polynomial algorithm for graphs of maximum degree at most d+2. We then give FPT algorithms when parameterizing by: the maximum number of edges crossing the cut, treewidth, distance to cluster, and distance to co-cluster; in particular, the treewidth algorithm improves upon the running time of the best known algorithm for Matching Cut. Our main technical contribution is a polynomial kernel for d-Cut, for every positive integer d, parameterized by the distance to a cluster graph. We also rule out the existence of polynomial kernels when parameterizing simultaneously by the number of edges crossing the cut, the treewidth, and the maximum degree. We conclude with an exact exponential algorithm slightly faster than the naive brute force approach running in time O(2^n).
Joint work with Ignasi Sau.
17 janvier 2019
Ana Silva (Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil)
Graphs with small fall-spectrum
Given a proper coloring $f$ of a graph $G$, a b-vertex in $f$ is a vertex that is adjacent to every color class but its own, and $f$ is a fall-coloring if every vertex is a b-vertex. The fall-spectrum of $G$ is the set $\F(G)$ of all values $k$ for which $G$ admits a fall-coloring with $k$ colors. Some authors have found that some subclasses of perfect graphs have the property that:
(*)


text:
This paper considers two strategies for undermining indispensability arguments for mathematical Platonism. We defend one strategy (the Trivial Strategy) against a criticism by Joseph Melia. In particular, we argue that the key example Melia uses against the Trivial Strategy fails. We then criticize Melia's chosen strategy (the Weaseling Strategy.) The Weaseling Strategy attempts to show that it is not always inconsistent or irrational knowingly to assert p and deny an implication of p. We argue that Melia's case for this strategy fails.
ASJC Scopus subject areas

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Blog/List Growth
How to Use In-Store Messaging Successfully
Learn what makes a successful in-store message display as well as how text-enabling your ad can be the key to driving more sales.
Featured image for the article
Did you know 69% of shoppers spend 30 minutes or more in a retail store?
And while COVID-19 may result in shoppers wanting to get in and out of stores as quickly as possible, it only means it's more important than ever to capture their attention.
So how do you use that time to sell, upsell, and engage? The secret is in your in-store messaging.
In this article, we'll explain what in-store messaging is, what you need to make yours successful, and the potential outcomes of a successful in-store marketing strategy.
What Is In-Store Messaging?
In-store messaging is simple, objective-based advertisements continually served to shoppers at your location.
It could be an audio message played over a store loudspeaker, or a visual message like a sign, display, or tag.
Since the messaging serves customers who are already in your location, the focus is on driving sales. And one of the top tactics in-store messaging takes is to create a sense of urgency.
For example:
 - An announcement over the loudspeaker sharing a sale on jeans ending TODAY
 - Big, bright, sale signs hung around the store
 - Cornered-off and clearly marked clearance sections that, thanks so the piled display, represent a sense of scarcity
 - Attention-grabbing graphics that urge you to take action now while a product is on your mind
Why Is In-Store Messaging Successful?
We ask, "why is in-store messaging successful" vs. "is it successful" for a reason. The numbers speak for themselves.
 - 80% of shoppers say in-store messaging influences their buying decisions
 - 82% of shoppers make unplanned purchase decisions in-store
 - 72% of shoppers find in-store audio promotions helpful to their experience
In-store advertising can help in increasing sales up to 16% on average thanks to serving the right message at the right time.
Here's how it works:
 1. Know your audience: Is your product a luxury item, a bargain brand? Knowing the type of person shopping for your item will help you determine the kind of message needed.
 2. Identify their problem: What keeps them from making a purchase when they're in your store?
 3. Offer a solution: Provide the anecdote to their purchase problems. Too expensive? Hook them with a coupon!
 4. Wrap it into a quick message: Choose your medium—in-store signage or audio clips are the most popular—and share your message and value directly.
Here's an example that shows all four steps in action.
Let's say your store sells two brands of toilet paper (one generic, one name-brand). You'll want to upsell the folks who typically buy generic. You'd do this by targeting their cost-savvy habits with messaging that offers a bulk discount on the name brand that's too good to pass up!
In-Store Messaging Examples
When it comes to the last step above, sometimes finding a way to package your message can be tough. Especially if you only have a few short moments of aisle-browsing attention.
So, here are some examples of successful in-store messaging examples to get your creative juices flowing.
In-Store Posters
Photo Credit: Theresa
The example above shows the sense of urgency described above ("One Day Only 50% off Storewide"). And while your discounts may not be as extreme as the example above, the simple values-based copy demonstrates the point precisely.
All your sign needs is an eye-catching visual, the values statement, and you're in business.
Checkout Signage
Photo Credit: Retail Media Group
This example follows the same psychology as keeping candy and small objects by the checkout counter. While your customers wait to check out, serve them some advertisements that promote an impulse purchase. This is also the same driving force behind the success of "keep the change" checkout donation drives.
Table Toppers
Photo Credit: Chris Blaire
In-store messaging isn't just for retail. Restaurants are also a great place to capture the attention of your audience during the 30-60 minutes they're dining with you. Tabletop messages are an excellent way to upsell a meal with enticing dessert photos. Or, like in the example above, encourage gift card sales!
Overhead Music
70% of retailers agree that in-store music increases sales, and the right kind of music can influence shoppers to spend even more. Pepper in audio announcements over the speaker sharing deals and discounts, and you'll boost your efficacy even more.
Text Enabling Your Store Displays
A study by Euclid Analytics found that 83% of consumers said they use their smartphone while they shop at brick-and-mortar stores.
But just because they're looking down at their device it doesn't mean they can't still access your in-store messaging. It simply needs to go mobile!
95% of text messages are read within three minutes of being received. This means the chances of an offer sent while a customer is in-store has a high chance of convincing them to make a purchase.
Getting customer's phone numbers can also be the gateway to collecting more valuable information such as emails, zip codes, and birthdays.
You can use the phone numbers you collect to text out offers, coupons, and other material that will drive more foot traffic to your brick and mortar or online store.
A popular way to quickly collect customer's phone numbers in-store is to create a QR code shoppers can scan while standing in line to unlock a coupon. Or, add a keyword and phone number to in-store signage for customers to text in to learn more about a sale.
💡SimpleTexting Tip: A keyword is a word or phrase that your customers can text to a 10-digit number or designated text short code. When they do, they're signing up for future SMS marketing campaigns.
Try it out for yourself to see how easy it can be to collect shopper information in a (camera) snap!
Businesses like Delta Sonic have seen amazing results with mobile advertisements for their stores at gas pumps in their area. To date, they've acquired over 50,000 text subscribers who regularly receive and respond to their offers!
To explore more ways to elevate your customer experience, check out our blog on 5 Unique Ways To Spice Up Your Retail Checkout Counter
You can also click here to learn more about text marketing and how it might serve your store's marketing needs.
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Follow TV Tropes
Broken Bridge
Go To
medibot: A wall composed entirely of plot.
Kung-Fu Jesus: The most powerful substance known to video game characters.
An obstacle that prevents you from progressing to the next Adventure Town and advancing the plot further. Once this plot advancement has occurred, the bridge is fixed. Named for one of the most common methods, a bridge that's out/fallen.
This is often a method of "Railroading", as it allows the game designers or GMs of Tabletop RPGs to follow a specific path until the plot has reached the desired point.
Not necessarily a literal bridge — the trope applies to any random obstacle that exists just to keep you from going Off the Rails. Some of the more common non-bridge examples:
 - Avalanche or large boulder blocks the mountain pass.
 - An NPC Roadblock, where a person blocks your path or refuses to allow entry past a certain point.
 - Impassable body of water, and the boat is currently unavailable.
 - A Locked Door blocks your path, and cannot be opened, bypassed, or destroyed until you get the proper key.
 - Advertisement:
 - Adorable little kid asks for your help with some random task, like saving his lost brother or finding medicine for his mom. One or more of the members of your party (usually The Chick) will feel pity for him and, since they can't resist random chivalry, demand that you stop and help. If you try to leave anyway, they'll whine and stop you.
 - You've been declared an outlaw in a particular place, and can't return there until you've cleared your name.
 - You're supposed to meet an NPC in a particular place, but they either haven't arrived yet or have gone off somewhere for a brief while. They won't show up until after you've wandered around town for a while and gotten yourself into trouble.
 - You've commissioned an NPC to make an essential item or perform some other task for you, but they warn you that it's going to take a while. Since you can stand around for days or weeks without the requisite time passing, the time elapsed in-game is instead measured by the plot advancement.
 - Advertisement:
 - A strong enemy that is utterly invincible against your abilities stands in your way. If you follow the plot railroad properly, then you will either get an upgrade that allows the undefeatable enemy to become beatable, someone else will come along to defeat it, or it will wander off.
 - A puzzle thwarts the player's progress until a "correct" solution is discovered. Common in adventure games, and usually accompanied by the player's character saying I Can't Reach It or Informing the Fourth Wall.
If you're lucky, the removal of the broken bridge will logically follow from solving the Fetch Quest (i.e., the person who removes it will be the one you helped in the fetch quest), but many game designers aren't that devoted. Often the fetch quest is just a Solve the Soup Cans puzzle, and the broken bridge just happens to be solved independently while you're off retrieving the girl's necklace or whatever. Another logical solution is to use The Great Repair on a damaged transport.
If the heroes go off to fix the bridge, there may be villains to defeat or some plot twist revealed.
Tool used by designers to keep you on the One True Sequence. Event Flags are how they implement this. A poorly-designed broken bridge (from a mechanical standpoint) will often be the victim of clever gamers. Don't go crying if there's an Empty Room Psych on the other side though.
May overlap with Insurmountable Waist-Height Fence, if the characters should logically be able to bypass or remove the obstacle but can't because the plot says so. Border Patrol is a variant on the "impossibly strong enemy" idea mentioned above. In mythology, a similar concept is called Threshold Guardians and finally the Beef Gate for when the threshold in question can be overcome if your character(s) have become strong/skilled enough to overcome the aforementioned threshold.
While they both use monsters, Beef Gates are different in that a Beef Gate could be beaten by Level Grinding, skilled play, or exploits. If the monster is made of invincibility until the plot says otherwise, it's a broken bridge.
If something appears to be a broken bridge, but never actually lets you by at any point in the game, see Missing Secret. Ability Required to Proceed is a subtrope of Broken Bridge. In this case, gaining new powers serves as a way to "repair" the bridges and move forward in the game.
If a broken bridge or other obstacle prevents you from returning to earlier areas, it's a Point of No Return. Compare Inescapable Ambush.
 open/close all folders
 Action-Adventure Games
 - Ecstatica starts with the player entering a village only connected by a bridge, and trying to head back will result in the bridge breaking, even though in the final cutscene the bridge is restored and perfectly usable with no explanation.
 - In the Western GTA clone Gun, the main character is trapped in the initial town because the only bridge over the canyon was destroyed by Native Americans and he can't progress until he undertakes a mission to protect the bridge builders from further attacks.
 - Legend of Kay features a very literal broken bridge: the items you have to go get in the Fetch Quest are precisely the items needed to extend the bridge.
 - The Legend of Zelda games are quite fond of this. You will very often find paths blocked by boulders, pits, etc., that usually require a specific dungeon treasure to get past.
 - The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time has a couple of interesting subversions, such as a literal Broken Bridge that will not be fixed until after you figure out how to cross over it anyway, and an NPC who can be commissioned to do something for you that, when he tells you to wait a few days for it to be done, actually means it. No plot advancement necessary. Just wait a few days, really. And you can speed this up with your ocarina. That said, the game does have some classic broken bridge scenarios, such as King Zora being directly in the way of getting to the third Spiritual Stone dungeon until you bring him a note from his daughter that convinces him to move out of the way, Sheik standing directly in front of the Master Sword's pedestal to prevent you from returning to the past until after you've cleared one Temple, various Kokiri boxing you in during the beginning of the game until plot points are fulfilled, etc.
 - The Groundhog Day Looping The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask had a variation where a pass blocked by a rock would, if you waited for workers to clear it, only be opened after it was far too late. You had to show up with a huge bomb once you unlocked it and blast it open ahead of time.
 - In fact Majora's Mask is worse on this matter than just that. You want to go the Swamp? Just dandy! Wanna go to the mountains? Well you have to shoot down an icicle with an arrow (found in the swamp) that breaks the ice blocking your path. You wanna to go the beach? Well you're going to need a horse (which can only be gotten by going to the mountains to get a big enough bomb to unclog the path) to jump over a fence. Wanna go to the canyon? Get ready to write this one down. You're gonna need to find the horse to hop over fences, then ditch the horse and use the hookshot to get past a cliffside, and then, here's the kicker, use ice arrows to freeze octoroks so you can cross the river. (Fortunately, as with OoT, when you reach a new area you can learn a warp song that flies you back as often as you want.)
 - Similarly, at the beginning of the game you're stuck in Deku scrub form, so the guards bar you from leaving town because it's too dangerous outside the walls...until it's too late and they have bigger things to worry about. You can only pass by completing the first quest, retrieving your Ocarina of Time and escaping deku scrub form. However, even once you do this, the guards will continue to stop you from leaving town if you're in the wrong form.
 - The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess has at least three literal examples. In two cases, you even have to use the game's portal system to literally go get the bridge yourself.
 - In the first case, if you save and quit at the wrong time after the bridge is stolen, you will be reloaded on the wrong side of the bridge, making the game Unwinnable, as all other paths are blocked by indestructible barriers or other broken bridges at this point.
 - Another one happens in the Forest Temple, where Ook cuts down the central bridge with the Boomerang and you have to rescue the captive monkeys throughout the temple to cross.
 - you actually go all the way to the first dungeon near the beginning of the game, but its entrance is blocked with boulders. Sometime between the Ordon children in the woods plot and purging Faron of the twilight, the boulders get replaced with a web you can burn with your lantern.
 - The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass does this right at the beginning. As soon as you're told (and allowed) to go off to the east, the bridge crumbles from an earthquake. The two people you can talk to about it say "Oh, the bridge is broken? Well,


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Chavín de Huántar
Chavín de Huántar (chävēnˈ dā wänˈtär) [key], archaeological site in the northeastern highlands of Peru, near the headwaters of the Marañon River. It flourished between c.900 B.C. and 200 B.C. The site features two monumental temples and intricate stone carvings depicting snarling human deities and a variety of animals, including caimans, jaguars, snakes, birds of prey, and mythical beasts. The site also features residential architecture covering c.18.5 acres (7.5 hectares). The term "Chavín" (or "Chavinoid"), used as an adjective, refers to the intricate art style present at this site, which eventually spread throughout much of central and N Peru. Once considered one of the earliest large-scale ceremonial centers of the central Andes, archaeologists now realize that monumental architecture actually emerged considerably earlier in other parts of Peru. The spread of the Chavín style in media such as metallurgy, textiles, and ceramics dates to the last phase at the site (c.400–200 B.C.), when Chavín de Huántar was undoubtedly the most prestigious religious and urban center in Peru.
See J. A. Mason, Ancient Civilizations of Peru (1961); J. H. Rowe, Chavín Art: An Inquiry into Its Form and Meaning (1962); E. P. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavín, 1968 (1971); C. Kano, Origins of the Chavín Culture (1979); R. L. Burger, Chavín and the Origins of Andean Civilization (1992).
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Archaeology: General


text:
Clinically Appicable Paper. Adherence to sport injury rehabilitation programs: an integrated psycho-social approach
MetadataShow full metadata
Introduction: The Adapted Planned Behaviour Model (APBM) is a two stage psycho-social theoretical model consisting of initiation or decision-making, and maintenance or rehabilitation behaviours. The initiation phase includes the primary factors of threat appraisals (perceived severity and susceptibility), goal orientation (learning goal and performance goal orientation) and attitude to the rehabilitation. These five factors directly influence the rehabilitation intentions which in turn influence rehabilitation adherence. Self-efficacy and self-motivation have roles in both the initiation and maintenance phases by influencing intentions and adherence. Rehabilitation adherence is further influenced by behavioural habits and secondary factors of coping ability (distraction, palliative, instrumental and emotional), treatment efficacy and social support (emotion and listening support and task appreciation and personal assistance from other people). Purpose: To test the ability of the APBM to predict rehabilitation intentions and adherence in individuals undertaking sport injury rehabilitation for tendonitis-related overuse injuries. Methods: This was a prospective one-group design in which 70 participants were followed through their rehabilitation. The sample consisted of 44 male and 26 female participants with a mean age of 32.5 years (±10.2), with most of the tendonitis-related overuse injuries being located at the ankle (41%), and lesser numbers at the knee (28%), shoulder (20%) and elbow (11%). Typically, the participants attended two 40 to 60 minute clinic rehabilitation sessions per week for eight to 10 weeks. The rehabilitation protocol consisted of structured progressive exercises and stretching activities, and in the early stages ice, heat and ultrasound were also included. At the beginning of the rehabilitation, participants were measured on self-efficacy, self-motivation, and the primary factors of the APBM (threat appraisals, goal orientation, and attitude to the rehabilitation programme) and rehabilitation intentions. During the rehabilitation attendance at the clinic appointments was recorded, and adherence to the clinicand home-based rehabilitation were measured. At the end of the rehabilitation the behavioural habits and the secondary factors of the APBM (coping ability, social support and treatment efficacy) were measured. Results: Regression analyses tested the ability of the psychosocial variables of the APBM to predict intentions, and the ability of the psycho-social variables and intentions to predict adherence. Intentions were significantly predicted by perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, learning orientation and attitude, but not self-efficacy, self-motivation and performance goal orientations. Clinic attendance was predicted by self-efficacy, self-motivation, intention, palliative coping, treatment efficacy, and personal assistance from the family. Clinic adherence was predicted by selfefficacy, self-motivation, intention, distraction and palliative coping, treatment efficacy and task appreciation by the physiotherapist and emotional support from friends. Homebased adherence was predicted by distraction and palliative coping, habit and task appreciation by the physiotherapist. Conclusion: The findings point to psycho-social variables influencing rehabilitation intentions, clinic attendance and adherence to clinicand home-based rehabilitation in an interactive manner during sport injury rehabilitation.


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Adult butterfly feeding-nectar flower associations: constraints of taxonomic affiliation, butterfly, and nectar flower morphology
Tiple, Ashish D.; Khurad, Arun M.; Dennis, Roger L.H.. 2009 Adult butterfly feeding-nectar flower associations: constraints of taxonomic affiliation, butterfly, and nectar flower morphology. Journal of Natural History, 43 (13-14). 855-884. 10.1080/00222930802610568Full text not available from this repository.
Butterfly-flower morphological interrelationships were investigated for 108 butterfly species and 20 plants at Nagpur, India. Distinct clusters of higher taxa (families) are disclosed for butterfly morphology and significant morphological and taxonomic associations occur in nectar exploitation. Flower corolla depth generally restricts exploitation by butterflies in relation to proboscis length and butterflies with high wing load indices bias their feeding to plants with massed flowers. However, important exceptions emerge; also, a substantial number of butterflies feed on plants with massed flowers though their proboscises are of marginal length for corolla depths. These butterfly species are significantly smaller, lighter, with lower wing loading and shorter proboscis indices than species which easily access the same flowering plant species. It is suggested that small size and short proboscises could give them a competitive advantage (increased rate of nectar uptake) for exploiting nectar in such situations. The significance of the findings for conservation is discussed.
|Programmes:||CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biodiversity > BD01 Conservation and Restoration of Biodiversity > BD01.1 Distributions and abundance of taxa|
|Additional Keywords:||conservation, corolla depth, habitat, nectar resources, proboscis length|
|NORA Subject Terms:||Biology and Microbiology
Ecology and Environment
|Date made live:||12 Aug 2009 15:19|
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text:
Flagship Pioneering Combines Creativity, Expertise, & More
Researchers believe that there is some relationship between R&D funding, the production of scientific knowledge, and the effects of this knowledge on socioeconomic outcomes.
High-throughput and impactful discoveries require a group of excellent scientific minds and the support of funding. Over the years, it has been observed that funding for scientific discoveries has shaped the kind of ideas or hypotheses proposed by scientists. Funders and investors of science look for projects that are relevant and life-changing for society.
Among the many players in venture capital firms, one of the most popular is Flagship Pioneering.
Flagship Pioneering is an American life science venture capital company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and founded in 2000 by Noubar Afeyan, Ph.D. He is also the current chief executive officer (CEO) of the company.
Other key players and executives of the venture include Lovisa Afezelius (origination partner), Christopher Austin (CEO-partner), Robert Berendes (Executive partner), Stephen Berenson (Managing partner), David Berry (General partner), and Ara Darzi (Chairman, Preemptive Medicine And Health Security Initiative).
The Flagship lab and team work towards conceiving, resourcing, and building life science companies that invent breakthrough technologies to transform healthcare and sustainability. This article brings you all the information about Flagship Pioneering, its funded companies, and how it works to bring revolutionary solutions to life science and biotech entrepreneurs.
Flagship Pioneering Companies
Flagship Ventures works on eight major principles to create, resource, and build the next generation of life science companies to bring innovative scientific technologies and solve life-threatening health problems.
Flagship Pioneering was actually one of the investors behind the COVID-19 vaccine manufacturer, Moderna. It also recently raised a $3.4 billion capital pool. In an interview with Forbes, it's said that Flagship is likely to create some 20 to 25 new companies during the lifecycle of this capital pool.
Flagship's eight principles include:
- Pioneer through harnessing science and entrepreneurialism to envision alternative futures by developing evolutionary methodology.
- Believe in achieving pioneering by communicating and replicating an idea through a team.
- Attract, develop, and retain top scientific, entrepreneurial, and managerial talents in the world.
- Form top-class companies by combining innovative capacity, entrepreneurial leadership, and professional capital management in a single enterprise.
- Take responsibility for their long-term success by providing them with the full resources of their ecosystem.
- Conceive solutions far beyond what is current in the present market and continuously innovating what people seek.
- Found businesses that own patented platforms, enabling years of products across multiple areas.
- Create world-class innovative and valuable life science companies to deliver exceptional returns to their capital partners.
These eight principles led to the foundation of startups and other new companies that are extraordinary in their efforts to bring innovative solutions for healthcare challenges. The list of such companies are given below:
- Axcella Health
- CiBO Technologies
- Codiak Biosciences
- Cygnal Therapeutics
- Denali Therapeutics
- EcoSense Lighting
- Evelo Biosciences
- Foghorn Therapeutics
- Generate Biomedicines
- Inari Agriculture
- Incredible Foods
- Indigo Agriculture
- Invaio Sciences
- Inzen Therapeutics
- Kaleido Biosciences
- KSQ Therapeutics
- Midori Health
- Omega Therapeutics
- Repertoire Immune Medicines
- Ring Therapeutics
- Rubius Therapeutics
- Sana Biotechnology
- Senda Biosciences
- Seres Therapeutics
- Seventh Sense Biosystems
- Sigilon Therapeutics
- Syros Pharmaceuticals
- Tessera Therapeutics
How Does Flagship Pioneering Work?
In Flagship Pioneering's words:
"Pioneering is being the first to create valuable ideas by directing scientific innovation and entrepreneurship at unknown spaces, far beyond the adjacencies that incumbents pursue."
The company believes pioneering is a process that can be taught, learned, and replicated. They work as a team to create a hypothesis and direct it to a transformational outcome. The whole process involves four phases:
- In this phase, Flagship labs explore the possibility of "what ifs?". The entrepreneurial scientists let the hypothesis evolve until a possible breakthrough hypothesis is created through variation and selection.
- This is done by collaborating with external experts who also determine the strength and weaknesses of these concepts. The company calls the process "explorations". Typically, 80-100 of the imaginative inquiries are explored per year.
- The promising hypothesis or explorations from the previous phase proceed to this stage. These explorations become prototype companies or "ProtoCos" and are assigned a number (FL1, FL2, FL3,…FLn) according to their places in the series of Flagship Lab ventures.
- In this phase, the ProtoCos from the previous stage are tested and discontinued if they can't validate their science in labs. Flagship Pioneering has called the process of conception, iteration, and launch of a new company around a distinct breakthrough, "origination". The company creates 8-10 ProtoCos every year.
- In this phase, a ProtoCo becomes NewCo if it converts the question of "What ifs…" to "It turns out…". The NewCo is given a name and significant capital commitment from Flagship to develop proprietary platforms for breakthroughs and innovations.
- The NewCo then recruits a board of directors, CEO, and leadership team. Flagship Pioneering forms 6-8 NewCos on a yearly basis.
- Once the NewCo is developed, it becomes a growth company called a "GrowthCo". Then, its leaders attract outside investors, forges partnerships, and builds a business that creates extraordinary future value.
- These companies often operate as public companies. Since 2013, twenty of Flagship Pioneering's GrowthCo have completed initial public offerings (IPO).
Image: An illustration of four consecutive phases of Flagship's process for Pioneering.
Source: Flagship Pioneering
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Flagship Pioneering is a venture capital company and a team of pioneering scientists and professionals investing in life sciences and biotech companies. It uses its custom-designed pioneering processes—explorations, ProtoCo, NewCo, and GrowthCo—to build companies that transform human health and sustainability.
Making breakthroughs not only requires a team of talented and knowledge-building people on scientific ground, but it also requires a continuous flow of funds.
To earn funding from different agencies and institutes is meticulous work. It affects labs' studies and can even delay research.
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We are a founderand investor-friendly resource that pairs well with venture-backed life science companies or those seeking outside investment in order to operate and grow.
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Green Currency: Bringing Lights and Income to Poor Coconut Farmers
This policy, developed in the city of Tayabas, aims to reduce poverty through income generation, job creation, and access to light provision for coconut farmers living in the slopes of Mount Banahaw of Quezon Province, a volcano located at the boundary of Laguna and Tayabas (Quezon province).
Due to the physical and financial constraints experienced by the coconut farmers, such as remoteness and poverty, environmentally harmful activities have been conducted by them in order to survive and great amounts of coconut husks get discarded, leaving them to rot, or are used as burning fuel. These communities are also deprived of basic commodities such as electric power and, consequently, lighting. Nevertheless, the territories in which these upland coconut farmers dwell are rich in hydric resources such as rivers and creeks.
The policy/project described here aimed to develop an alternative and innovative paying scheme, using the river currents to generate clean electricity through a micro dam installed on Mount Banahaw that, in turn, provides energy to a battery recharging facility. Batteries and light bulbs have been distributed to provide lighting to the households scattered throughout the mountain, thus improving the quality of life of the coconut farmers. Beneficiaries of the lighting systems and batteries have been trained on how to process coconut fibre. Fibre twinning and looming machines have been distributed and installed and the beneficiaries are already producing coconut fibre nets.
As of May 2007, 25 households had been provided with lights and a total of 40 households had been provided with a coconut fibre livelihood. This livelihood has provided three times more income than previous incomes and many people have stopped their environmentally destructive livelihood activities. In 2007, the project ambitiously planned to expand to at least 100,000 more household beneficiaries over the next 10-15 years (Baroña-Cruz 2007). The Philippine Coconut Authority in the region now adopts this project approach in its own fibre development programs.
The policy demonstrates a very efficient mechanism of community involvement, economic production, and environmental sustainability, which, nevertheless, can be replicated only if its principles are adapted to the context. The concepts on which the policy was built and implemented were wisely conceived and thought out with reference to several complementary aspects of the coconut production chain and its interlinkages, and available markets. Thanks to the technology, the voluntary work, and the synergies between different sectors a sustainable chain of coconut fibre was formed without waste nor damage to the environment, and with a spatially proximate economic cycle of production. The coconut market chain determined possibilities for farmers' adoption of these processes and for the creation of 'productive capacities' within the communities of Philippine coconut farms, identified and enabled through university-based research and the local government. If the ability to reproduce this cycle and this mechanism are created, then the policy can be successfully replicated in other contexts.


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Putting Organization Success: Equilibrium Consulting as Your Strategic Associate
In modern aggressive organization landscape, obtaining equilibrium and sustainable accomplishment is a strategic imperative. Equilibrium Consulting emerges as a dependable spouse for businesses seeking to navigate complicated problems with finesse. With their revolutionary strategies, adaptive remedies, and unwavering commitment to harmony, Equilibrium Consulting empowers firms not only to endure but to prosper in a dynamic planet.
In this article, we will delve into the planet of Equilibrium Consulting, uncovering how their exclusive method is revolutionizing the way corporations strategize, run, and excel. We will investigate the fundamental concepts that generate their consultancy companies and get rid of mild on the concrete benefits consumers knowledge when they select Equilibrium Consulting as their strategic partner.
Equilibrium Consulting: Guiding Businesses In the direction of Excellence
At the coronary heart of Equilibrium Consulting's philosophy lies the pursuit of harmony and excellence in all aspects of enterprise. Their extensive strategy encompasses strategy, leadership, functions, and lifestyle, ensuring a holistic transformation that propels organizations towards sustainable achievement.
Crafting Strategic Brilliance
Strategic planning is a cornerstone of Equilibrium Consulting's expertise. They collaborate carefully with firms to craft visionary strategies that align with their core values and targets. By performing so, businesses gain a competitive edge and a distinct roadmap for potential expansion.
Elevating Operational Efficiency
Operational excellence is yet another essential factor of Equilibrium Consulting's strategy. By identifying inefficiencies, streamlining procedures, and optimizing operations, they enhance productivity and price-efficiency, thus fortifying an organization's foundation.
Fostering a Lifestyle of Innovation
Real equilibrium encompasses not only financial balance but also the vibrancy of an organization's tradition. Equilibrium Consulting guides leaders in fostering cultures of innovation, where creativeness thrives, and adaptability prevails. This not only drives growth but also makes certain lengthy-time period resilience.
Measurable Success and True-Globe Impact
The real measure of a consultancy's effect is the results it provides. Equilibrium Consulting prides itself on a heritage of assisting consumers obtain quantifiable outcomes. bookkeeping for creatives Throughout this report, we will showcase actual-world success tales, revealing how companies partnering with Equilibrium Consulting have embraced equilibrium and achieved outstanding good results.
In an period exactly where adaptability and equilibrium are essential for business survival, Equilibrium Consulting emerges as a transformative partner. Their holistic strategy, tailored answers, and unwavering determination to measurable accomplishment empower corporations not only to navigate difficulties but to excel in an at any time-modifying organization environment.
As we investigate the world of Equilibrium Consulting even more, you will witness the transformative likely of their companies and gain insights from organizations that have harnessed their skills to embrace equilibrium and chart a route toward lasting excellence.


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Beatmatching is a mixing technique employed by DJs. While originally it involved counting the tempo with a metronome and finding a record with the same tempo, today it involves changing the speed at which a recording is played back so that its tempo matches that of the song currently playing. In this way, the DJ can either simultaneously play two songs of different original tempos without their beats clashing or "galloping" or can more smoothly transition between two songs. The tempo of the recording can be changed through the use of specialized playback mechanisms. In the case of vinyl records, for example, the turntable would have a separate control for determining the relative speed (typically listed in percent increments) faster or slower the record can be played back. Similar specialized playback devices exist for most recorded media. Changing the speed the record is playing is called pitching or pitch shifting.
For a DJ wishing to beatmatch using vinyl turntables, the general procedure involved is relatively simple to explain, but harder to master.
Assume, as is the case for most DJs, that we have two turntables with records on them, T1 and T2, and a mixer capable of variably blending the outputs of T1 and T2, and also allowing the DJ to cue the music playing on one or other of turntables (listen to it on headphones without outputting the sound to the audience). In order to control the records on the turntables, the DJ must be competent in moving the vinyl record with his hand whilst the platter of the turntable is moving. Typically a slipmat is placed on the turntable between the record and the platter, to reduce the friction between the two, and allow the DJ to search through a record by moving it with his or her hand, as well as momentarily speed up or slow down the record, by pushing/nudging it on, or holding it back (typically by pressing a finger against the side of the turntable platter to reduce its speed).
Now, if T1 is playing to the audience, and we wish to mix the beginning of T2 into the closing sections of T1, we will most likely need to adjust the pitch of T2 in order to match the tempos of the two songs, and the beats.
To do this, the first thing a DJ must do is find the start of the beat in T2. For a lot of dance music, this is typically the first sound of the song, often a kick drum. The DJ can find this beat by playing the record until he hears the sound of the first beat in his headphones, which will be set to cue T2. Once the first beat has been found, the DJ can hold the record with his hand and prevent it from spinning, thus pausing the sound. To start it again, he or she must simply release the record, and the spinning platter will start the record moving again. To find the first beat again once the song has begun playing, the DJ can rewind the record, again with his or her hand. In this way it is possible to start T2, rewind it, start it again, etc...
Once the DJ is confident he or she has found the first beat, and can start it at the exact moment they desire, the process of beatmatching can begin.
The basic process is as follows:
Hold T2 on its first beat (the DJ hears it through headphones, the audience cannot).
Listen to T1, and try to follow the beats to a bar (i.e. know which is the first beat of the bar).
Start T2 on the first beat of a bar (ideally this will be the first bar of a section of T1, see below). Assuming the tempos of T1 and T2 are close, the two tracks will sound 'in time' to begin with.
If the tempo of T2 is too slow, it will fall behind T1 (listening to the drums often highlights this). If this is the case, speed up T2 (see above) until it is again in time with T1.
If the tempo of T2 is too fast, it will overtake T1 (again, the drums are often the easier way to hear this). If this is the case, slow down T2 (see above) until it is again in time with T1.
Repeat this process until you are sure that T2 is definitely slower or faster than T1.
Now, once we know if T2 is too fast or too slow, we can permanently adjust the pitch using the pitch slider (found to the side of all DJ turntables) to adjust the tempo of T2 and bring it closer to that of T1.
Next we must repeat the whole process of testing T2 to see if it is too fast, too slow, or just right to blend with T1, and adjusting as necessary.
After a few iterations of this procedure (the speed at which it is performed varying according to the skill of the DJ) the tempo of T2 should be very close to that of T1. If this is so, the DJ will find that even after listening to T2 for a (relatively) long time, it will not fall out of time with T1. At this point we can be sure our beats match, and T1 and T2 are at close enough speeds that they may be blended.
Now we can simply start T2 at the desired point in T1 to create a nice effect, layering the outro of T1 over the intro of T2.
To beatmatch, a DJ must be aware of both the songs he or she wishes to blend at all times. A fact that makes the life of a dance music DJ a lot easier is that the majority of dance music is based around the 4/4 time signature. In broad terms, this has the effect that the sections of a dance music song will have length equal to some multiple of 4 bars. Most commonly, if you count the bars in a section of a song, they will be 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 bars in length. This information helps the DJ decide at which point during T1 he must start T2 in order for the sounds of one track to fade as the other builds, or whatever effect is desired.


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Carmina Burana (IPA: ['karmɪna bu'raːna]; note that the stress is on the first syllable of Carmina, not the second) also known as the Burana Codex is a manuscript collection, now in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich, of more than 1000 poems and songs written in the early 13th century.
The Latin title Carmina Burana or Songs of Beuern was assigned by Johann Andreas Schmeller in 1847. Beuern (from OHG bur = "small house") refers to Benediktbeuern, a village in the foothills of the Bavarian Alps about thirty miles south of Munich which takes its name from the abbey of Benediktbeuern founded there in 733. Subsequent research has shown that the manuscript did not originate there; Seckau Abbey is regarded as a likely earlier location.
The pieces are almost entirely in Latin, though not in Classical Latin meter, with a few in a dialect of Middle High German, and some snatches of Old French. Many simply are macaronic, a mixture of Latin and German or French vernacular of the time. They were written by students and clergy about 1230, when the Latin idiom was the lingua franca across Italy and western Europe for travelling scholars, universities and theologians. Most of the poems and songs appear to be the work of Goliards, clergy (mostly students) who lampooned and satirized the Church. The collection preserves the works of a number of poets, including Peter of Blois, Walter of Châtillon, and the anonymous one referred to as the Archpoet.
Between 1935 and 1936 German composer Carl Orff set 24 of the poems to new music, also called Carmina Burana. The most famous movement is "O Fortuna" (Fortuna meaning Fortune in Latin, as well as a Roman goddess). Orff's composition has been performed by countless ensembles.
Other musical settings include:
- Several German bands (including Corvus Corax, Estampie, Finisterra, Helium Vola, In Extremo, and Qntal) regularly use poems from the manuscript as lyrics.
- Swedish symphonic metal band Therion played O Fortuna on album Deggial.
- German band Corvus Corax recorded "Cantus Buranus", a full-length opera set to the original Carmina Burana manuscript in 2005.
- The RPG videogame Final Fantasy VII's most famous musical piece, "One-Winged Angel" (composed by Nobuo Uematsu), utilizes lyrics from Carmina Burana (specifically from "O Fortuna", "Estuans interius", "Veni, veni, venias", and "Ave formosissima.").
- Pieces by German/Norwegian doom/gothic metal band Theatre of Tragedy, such as "Amor Volat Undique" and "Circa Mea Pectora" in the song Venus (album Aégis)
- Synth/Medieval, French band Era recorded a Mix called "The Mass" featuring pieces of "O Fortuna" from the original Carmina Burana.
- Pieces by the Norwegian gothic metal musical group Tristania ("Wormwood" from album "World Of Glass" 2001)
- Pieces by the Swedish medieval inspired band "Rävspel och Kråksång" translated into Swedish.
- The manuscript is referred to in the musical RENT, in the song La Vie Boheme, with the line, "German wine, turpentine, Gertrude Stein, Antonioni, Bertolucci, Kurosawa, Carmina Burana."
Carmina Burana is a scenic cantata composed by Carl Orff between 1935 and 1936. It is based on 24 of the poems found in the medieval collection Carmina Burana. Its full Latin title is Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque imaginibus magicis ("Songs of Beuern: Secular songs for singers and choruses to be sung together with instruments and magic images.") Carmina Burana is part of Trionfi, the musical triptych that also includes the cantata Catulli Carmina and Trionfo di Afrodite. The best-known movement is the bracketing "O Fortuna" chorus that opens and closes the piece.
- 1 Text
- 2 Instrumentation
- 3 Structure
- 4 Musical style
- 5 Staging
- 6 Reception
- 7 Notable recordings
- 8 Carmina Burana in popular culture
- 9 References
- 10 Bibliography
- 11 External links
- Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi [Fortuna, Empress of the World]
- Primo vere [Spring] - includes the internal scene Uf dem Anger [In the Meadow]
- In Taberna [In the Tavern]
- Cours d'amours [Court of Love]
- Blanziflor et Helena [Blanziflor and Helena]
Much of the compositional structure is based on the idea of the turning Fortuna Wheel. The drawing of the wheel found on the first page of the Burana Codex includes four phrases around the outside of the wheel:
- "Regno, Regnavi, Sum sine regno, Regnabo" [I am reigning, I have finished reigning, I am without reign, I shall reign]
Within each scene, and sometimes within a single movement, the wheel of fortune turns, joy turning to bitterness, and hope turning to grief. O Fortuna, the first poem in the Schmeller edition, completes this circle, forming a compositional frame for the work by consisting of both the opening and closing movements.
Le chœur et l'orchestre de l'opera National de Bordeaux interpretent un extrait de "Carmina Burana" de Carl Orff, à l'occasion de l'émission "tenue de soirée" sur France 2, présentée par Michel Drucker.


PigProgress - Lactating sows and heat stress
Lactating sows and heat stress
Dr Ioannis Mavromichalis
I believe it is now the right time to discuss ways to increase nutrient intake in lactating sows under heat stress. With summer approaching quickly, and a hot summer is predicted to be, changes and adjustments should start now to at least alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on feed intake.
It should be reminded that animals reduce feed intake under heat stress because digestion and metabolism of feed increases the internally produced heat (heat increment in energy metabolism terminology) making thus animals even more uncomfortable. It is also important to realise that heat stress combined with high humidity increases dramatically the level of discomfort compared with hot but dry environments. Below are a number of nutritional interventions to help lactating sows during the summer months.
Increase nutrient density
It is generally assumed that daily nutrient uptake can be maintained during the summer months if nutrient density increases proportionally to the expected reduction in feed intake. For example, if feed intake is expected to drop by 10%, then all nutrients (including vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals) should be increased by 10% to compensate for the reduction in feed intake.
For several nutrients, however, there are manufacturing limits that may restrict the application of this strategy. For example, it is not always practical to add more than 6-8% fat in commercial diets.
Also, the concentration of certain additives cannot be altered due to country-specific regulations. In many cases, the drop of feed intake is so severe that feed density cannot be increased enough to compensate for the loss.
Reduce excess protein
Excess protein is deaminated and excreted in the form of urea. This process generates substantial metabolic heat, and to this end, it is highly recommended to reduce dietary protein concentration by about 2% with the aid of crystalline amino acids. Further reductions in dietary protein are either economically unfeasible or result in diets limiting in valine and isoleucine.
Reduce fiber concentration
Fiber digestion and metabolism generates considerably more heat compared to carbohydrates, with fat and lipids generating the least amount of internal heat. Thus, one of the more common measures to combat heat stress is to reduce dietary fiber by 1-3% (depending on initial concentration). Care should be taken for sows to be supplemented with a strong laxative (usually in the form of a salt) to compensate for the reduction in dietary fibre.
Increase use of fat calories
Following from the above, it appears that fats and oils not only increase dietary density, but they also generate less heat during digestion and metabolism. Therefore, diets high(er) in lipids are almost invariably recommended for combating stress heat. However, it is always imperative to also increase (proportionally) the levels of all amino acids and other nutrients, to avoid unbalancing diets.
Add sodium bicarbonate
Research and practical experience has clearly demonstrated that adding 5-10 kg of sodium bicarbonate per metric tonne of complete feed, improves feed intake in lactating sows.
Pelleted diets
Pelleting diets increases physical density resulting in higher uptake of nutrients at a given volume of feed. Combined with increased nutrient density, these two strategies help markedly in sustaining daily nutrient intake during heat stress.
Extra vitamins
In other monogastric species, additional vitamins, and especially vitamin C have been shown to help animals under heat stress. Such effects are not so well documented with pigs, but they definitely merit further investigation.
Cool water
It has been shown that pigs provided with cool(er) water during periods of heat stress are able to sustain better performance. In addition, pigs offered cool(er) water consumed less water per day compared to control pigs, indicating that cool(er) water enabled pigs to quickly adjust their body temperature in response to heat stress.
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 Dr. Justin Tan Yu-Wen
 It is now accepted that heat stress is one of the main factors that causes huge losses in swine production and profits in hot climate regions throughout the world. Heat stress occurs when a physiological strain is placed on the body due to overexertion and overexposure to any combination of excessive environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, radiation and wind-producing conditions that are higher than the animalâ€™s thermo-neutral zone.
 Dr. Mavromichalis is correct to mention that one of the main detrimental effects of heat stress on pigs is a reduction of feed intake, especially sows. Heat stress causes discomfort and negatively affects feed intake, growth and productivity. Economic losses due to heat stress are usually caused by lowered performance, decrease in reproductive function and increase in deaths.
 Natural, phytogenic feed additives such as oregano are now being used to combat the negative effects of heat stress. Orego-Stim is a feed additive containing oregano essential oil, extracted from a specific chemotype of Origanum heracleoticum L. This exquisite hybrid species of oregano is derived from a selective plant-breeding programme developed by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and grown commercially under strictly-controlled plantation conditions in the mountainous slopes of Greece.
 Besides its antimicrobial and anti-diarrhoeal properties, Orego-Stim has appetising effects to help increase feed intake of pigs during heat stress periods while simultaneously boosting the immune system to help them cope with the physiological stress of high environmental temperatures.
 To have a look at various trials conducted in sows under conditions of heat stress and how oregano works, do write an e-mail to _EMAIL_.
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 Namusisi Agnes
 Please would you kindly give the actual fomula of what is required in mixing the feeds in summer compared to winter and other seasons.
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 What does the Sodium Bicarbonate do and how does it increase the sows intake of food? What does it do to the milk supply and does it affect the piglets that are feeding from her?
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 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 Heat and Abortions
 Any kind of stress can lead to abortions. I would not exclude heat as the cause of your troubles, but I would be also looking into other factors, especially mycotoxins in the feed.
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 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 I was not aware of the use of oregano in sow diets. Will you please email me details?
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 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 Agnes, due to company policy, I cannot provide formulas. But, I could provide you with what is required to change in the summer formula. Please email me.
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 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 Noni, bicarb is affecting the electrolyte balance in the blood. It does not affect milk production (at least, I don't have any information to such effect). If the sows eat more, they will milk more, so piglets will be heavier at weaning.
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 Excelent post. Congratulation.
 Please, what is your opinion about lysine level for lactating sows, it's change whith more born piglets?? and frecuency and feed bach have changes?? thousandth thanks.
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Dictionary Suite
Remembrance Sunday see Remembrance Day.
remerge combined form of merge.
remigration combined form of migration.
remilitarization combined form of militarization.
remilitarize combined form of militarize.
reminder something that causes a person to remember something.
remindful having in mind or remembering. [2 definitions]
reminisce to recall past experiences, often with fondness or pleasure.
reminiscence the act of recalling usu. pleasant experiences or events of the past. [3 definitions]
reminiscent having qualities or characteristics that remind one of someone or something (usu. fol. by of). [2 definitions]
remiss careless or negligent, esp. in the performance of one's duty. [2 definitions]
remissible capable of being forgiven.
remission an act or instance of remitting. [4 definitions]
remit to send (money) to someone or some place. [8 definitions]
remittal an act or instance of remitting; remission.
remittance money that is sent to someone or some place, usu. in payment. [2 definitions]
remittance man a man who lives abroad, as, formerly, in a British colony, supported mostly by remittances from home.
remittent marked by a temporary lessening or abatement in intensity or severity, as a fever or illness.
remix combined form of mix.
remnant a quantity, piece, or part that is left over or remains. [4 definitions]


Learning Piano – How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano
How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano In 2021
Fortunately, thanks to the innovation these days's technical world, it no more requires to be like this. If you plan on training yourself to play the piano in the near future, the best on-line piano direction offers extra palatable and budget friendly options for all spending plans. As well as these programs teach you exactly how to find out piano online the method it was indicated to be discovered – online. That suggests no more coping lessons that are hard to understand, or battling to stay on top of the fast lane of a class area atmosphere. You can find out piano on the internet specifically like you would certainly in a real classroom setting. How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano
How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On PianoFor the majority of people that choose to find out to play piano online, their first concern is maintaining their focus when they are practicing. Practicing is an indispensable part of finding out to play piano. While sheet music can be satisfying to research as well as play, it does not hold any weight in the competitive world of playing sheet music for a living. How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano
How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano
The quickest way to maintain your concentration when studying is to find out to play piano making use of sheet music. Sheet music is simply strings of notes that are composed theoretically. When you are finding out piano, you will locate that there are usually a variety of tunes that can be played. These tunes will certainly be utilized in order to instruct you the numerous designs of playing that are common amongst specialists. How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano
For the most part, you will utilize the sheet music as an overview while you exercise what you have actually simply checked out. This is the same type of technique that is used when discovering to play any type of tool. You need to know exactly how a tool is made to ensure that you can identify the various parts that make it up. In this situation, you will be utilizing the piano to play a song in a design similar to music designs. How To Play Zelda Lost Woods On Piano
There are lots of people that take piano lessons due to the fact that they intend to find out to play. These are usually individuals that are more curious about playing than reading. These kinds of individuals typically start taking novice lessons since they can get really intriguing tunes with a piano. Nevertheless, many individuals have a tendency to find out far better when they begin with sophisticated lessons. Piano lessons for novices include several points that resemble various other sorts of lessons.
For individuals that are not thinking about spending all their free time at a piano, there are many different choices readily available for them also. There are on-line tutorials that you can find as well as utilize. Most of these on-line tutorials are more affordable than having a tutor to find to your house. Along with being more affordable, a lot of these online tutorials have high quality graphics and songs that can actually assist you out. You can also discover video clip tutorials that will certainly permit you to see exactly how playing piano works, along with seeing the tricks and whatever related to having fun.
One sort of tutorial that lots of people prefer is ones that reveal you the essentials of playing a piano. These tutorials will usually provide you the keys and just how to utilize them. They might also reveal you exactly how to check out the musical notation, just how to review musical arrangements and so forth. When you learn the piano, it is important that you recognize all the various sorts of things that you need to understand in order to play piano.


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A Geologic Odyssey: From Field Curiosity About Nodules to Technical Abstract
Developing geologic ideas about fault-related calcium-carbonate nodules, progress toward better understanding of natural phenomena
By Dave Love and Mike Whitworth
Observations of calcium-carbonate-cemented sandstone nodules adjacent to fault scarps south of Albuquerque leads to asking: What is the origin of these nodules?
Cemented nodules weathering from carbonate-coated sand down-gradient from fault
(locality 1 of geologic stetting)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented tubular sandstone suggesting horizontal fingered flow
(nodule 2)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented sandstone suggesting anastomosing three-dimensional flow
(nodule 3)
(click image to zoom)
Cemented tubular sandstone with calcified root mat preservation
(nodule 1)
(click image to zoom)
Organizing the Odyssey:
 1. Definitions
 2. Geologic setting
 3. Field observations
 4. Laboratory observations
 5. Hypothesis
 6. Using the hypothesis to develop a semi-quantitative model to test the hypothesis
 7. Discussion and variations
 8. Abstract
 9. References


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The question of what kind of position furniture has in home life and its impact on home life is self-evident. So why do we use solid wood laminates for furniture? As far as the current formal solid wood multi-layer board is concerned, its advantages are many:
1, more environmentally friendly, plate furniture sheet is very strict with environmental protection requirements, so choosing an environmentally friendly sheet is the biggest health guarantee for home life. At present, Baiyuan's solid wood multi-layer board can completely achieve E0 level.
2. The raw materials of the multi-layer board are made of solid wood (large-diameter wood in the trunk part). The raw materials used in various other wood-based panels, except for wood-based multi-layer boards, require logs, mostly from harvesting and processing residues, and small-diameter materials (less than 8 cm in diameter).
3. The size is more stable. The production process of the solid wood multi-layer board is made by pressing a layer of veneer vertically and vertically, and the adjacent fiber directions of the adjacent layers are arranged perpendicularly to each other, thereby improving the anisotropy of the wood under natural growth conditions and improving the anisotropy. Dimensional stability. For finished furniture, the service life is longer.
4. Strong strength and good flatness. The unique production process and raw material selection of the solid wood multi-layer board determine its unique quality. The solid wood multi-layer board is composed of multi-layer veneers arranged in a crisscross pattern. In the current production process, between the veneer and the veneer The oblique grinding lap process (starting splicing, subsequent seaming, to the current oblique lap lap, the process is progressing continuously), and then being produced by several processes such as cold pressing, hot pressing, sanding, etc. High strength, good grip strength and high flatness.
5, not easy to deform, no cracking. Baiyuan solid wood multi-layer board is made up of multi-layer veneers arranged in a crisscross pattern, and the beech is selected as the panel. After being glued, it is made by high temperature and high pressure in a hot press. The deformation and cracking of the sheet is mainly composed of water content and other factors. The solid wood multi-layer board can strictly control the moisture content of each veneer in the production process, so the quality of the finished board is more guaranteed. It is not easy to be deformed and cracked, and the dry shrinkage expansion system is extremely small. It solves the two major defects of deformation and cracking of solid wood panels from the aspect of internal stress.
6, the sheet is large. Multi-layer solid wood boards are cut from logs into single boards and then arranged in a staggered manner. In theory, the width of solid wood multi-layer boards can be infinite, but it is actually produced according to the national standard size. This is very different from other plates, such as other particle board and MDF, completely using waste scraps, even if the adhesive combination is again, there is no original wood such as solid wood laminate. This also solves the shortcomings of insufficient solidity of the solid wood board due to the influence of the material age and growth rate.
7, good quality, high price ratio. The multi-layer solid wood board is the artificial board closest to solid wood. But it is better than solid wood, good toughness, large area, not easy to deform and crack, the quality is better, but the actual price is lower than the solid wood, the effect is close to solid wood, cost-effective.
8, easy to process, easy to produce. The solid wood multi-layer board has precise thickness, long and wide width, and is suitable for most furniture. It is close to solid wood, has no special requirements for processing machinery, processing saw blade, processing technology, etc. It is easy to process and easy to form. An ordinary woodworker can also use the solid wood multi-layer board to make beautiful and practical furniture.
9. In line with the current consumption trend, in the market dominated by the current custom furniture, solid wood multi-layer boards are generally used for custom furniture, so that the various finished furniture products are well received by customers.
10, color matching is more convenient. We all know that the current plate furniture is made by using the color of the plate itself. Once the plate does not meet the color of the home decoration friend, you need to paint yourself or buy other products. However, the solid wood multi-layer board has good flatness and can be directly used for veneering. Consumers have other favored colors that can be directly used for veneer production, which perfectly meets consumers' customized services for various colors.
10 reasons fully prove why it is necessary to use solid wood multi-layer boards for making panel furniture, which is an inevitable trend of market development. Of course, for many friends who are using and about to use multi-layer boards, there are more reasons to explore. Do not choose the most expensive, only choose the right one, choose solid wood multi-layer board to create furniture, family life is more comfortable.
Copyright © 2017 - 2019Qingdao Holyck Furniture Co.,Ltd All Rights Reserved


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An account can have several meanings in the accounting profession. They are as follows:
- Record. An account can be the record in a system of accounting in which a business records debits and credits as evidence of accounting transactions. Thus, the accounts receivable account stores information about billings to customers, as well as reductions of those billings due to payments from customers.
- Customer. An account can be considered the same as a customer. Under this meaning, an account is another entity or person for whom a business acts as a supplier, and with whom there may be an outstanding accounts receivable balance.
- Future payment. If a sale is "on account," this means that the buyer will pay the seller at a later date.


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Normalization is the SPM term for inter-subject registration - transforming a brain to better match a brain of another subject or template.
There are several possible ways to do this.
The methods split into those that use the structural image for warping, and those that use the EPI.
Using the structural image for warping
Methods that use the structural image for warping rely on having good matching (ProcessingCoregistration) between the structural and functional images, and practically this means you will have to use EPI undistortion.
Our current preferred option is to use the method that is now standard in SPM5, which is to segment the subject's structural image to get an estimate of the position and probability of gray matter voxels and then warp this gray matter image to match SPM's gray matter template. In SPM2, this involves a less automated process than SPM5 - following what used to be known as the optimized VBM protocol.
Our previous standard practice was to use the skull-stipped structural image for normalization.
Using the EPI for warping
Another method is to use the functional mean image and warp it directly to the SPM EPI template. This works reasonably well. You may need to use cost function masking to remove the effects of the susceptibility artefact holes in the EPI images; see the masked EPI to EPI normalization page.


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WEDNESDAY, Oct. 3 (HealthDay News) -- People who have suffered a stroke can improve their memory, thinking, language and judgment problems by nearly 50 percent through exercise, according to a new Canadian study.
Researchers in Toronto said these positive effects can be recognized after just six months of physical activity, and they suggested that exercise should be a routine part of treatment following stroke.
"People who have cognitive deficits after stroke have a threefold risk of mortality, and they're more likely to be institutionalized," the study's lead researcher, Susan Marzolini, of the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, said in a news release from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. "If we can improve cognition through exercise, which also has many physical benefits, then this should become a standard of care for people following stroke."
The researchers had 41 stroke patients perform an aerobic and strength/resistance training program five days a week. Of these participants, 70 percent had mild to moderate walking problems and needed a cane or walker to get around. The exercises the patients were given imitated daily life, such as walking, lifting weights and doing squats.
The study revealed the proportion of stroke patients with at least mild cognitive impairment declined from 66 percent to 37 percent during the course of the six-month study. The researchers noted "significant improvements" in the patients' overall brain function. They added that the most notable improvements involved attention, concentration, planning and organizing. The participants also gained muscle strength and were able to walk better.
"These results provide compelling evidence that by improving cardiovascular fitness through aerobic exercise and increasing muscle mass with resistance training, people with stroke can improve brain health," said Marzolini. "Modified exercise programs are desperately needed. They can be adapted for people following stroke, and we think they can provide huge health benefits."
"Healthy living is important for reducing your risk for stroke, recovering from stroke and preventing another," Ian Joiner, director of stroke for the Heart and Stroke Foundation, said in the news release. "All of us should manage our risk factors for stroke and, when needed, have access to information and counseling about strategies to modify our lifestyle choices."
The study was presented Monday at the Canadian Stroke Congress. Data and conclusions presented at meetings should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides more information on the health benefits of exercise.
SOURCE: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, news release, Oct. 1, 2012
Copyright © 2013
HealthDay. All rights reserved.
HealthDayNews articles are derived from
various sources and do not reflect federal policy. healthfinder.gov
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1. Grammar - Vietnamese grammar is not particularly any more difficult than to Chinese (Mandarin), but I feel as if there are many exceptions to those rules being taught in the language courses. For example, if you wanted to say:
eg. (Because) he was drunk, (therefore) I had to take him home.
You could say:
Vì anh ấy bị sỉn rượu, tôi phải chở anh ấy về nhà.
But you could get rid of vì, or add tại or bởi infront of it. Also, you can remove bị, rượu and nhà altogether and it would still make sense. If you take away vì, you must add either cho nên, vì thế or sở dĩ...etc.
2. Pronunciation - If you compare Vietnamese pronunciation with Chinese (Mandarin), I think you'd agree that the Standard Vietnamese (Northern) pronunciation is quite hard enough to master, let alone the Southern or Central dialects. There are 6 tones in Standard Vietnamese and 5 in most of the others. The tones vary from extreme to extreme. The hardest tone to master is the ngã (~) tone. Even the Southerners have merged this into the hỏi (?) tone. Tone Sandhi thankfully does not occur in modern Vietnamese although there are traces of this in words such as cảm ơn/cám ơn (thank you).
3. Reading and writing - If you compared today's writing systems, then Chinese would be far ahead for obvious reasons. The Vietnamese script nowadays is 90-95% phonetic. If, however, you compare Chinese with Chữ Nôm.
- Firstly, in order to even read a Nôm character, you would have to learn at least 3000 Chinese characters to be moderately literate. Of course, many of those characters mightn't even be used that often. Each of the characters has a corresponding Vietnamised reading known as Hán-Việt (Sino-Vietnamese). However, that just covers the Sino-Vietnamese words in Vietnamese (which do account for up to 60% of all words). What about the ordinary speech? In ordinary speech, Vietnamese still use between 20-30% Chinese vocabulary without realising it. For those other 70-80% of native Vietnamese words, they must be transcribed using Chữ Nôm. But things aren't so simple.
- The Vietnamese phonology is similar but not an exact replica of that of Chinese. Therefore, there are many native words which do not have an exact Sino-Vietnamese (Hán-Việt) reading. As a result, the people who created Chữ Nôm used "rough borrowings of sound". In other words, for those sounds that were present in Vietnamese but not in Chinese, they used similar sounds to do the job. Note also that Chữ Nôm combines: original Chinese characters with their exact pronunciations and meanings (Hán-Việt), original Chinese characters with a phonetic pronunciation and invented characters (Nôm).
- An example is the character 竜 which is an old simplified form of the word dragon (龍). 竜 in Hán-Việt is pronounced 'long' and of course means dragon. However, 滝 is pronounced sông (river), [竜+內] is pronounced trong (inside) and [竜+目] is pronounced trông (clear). So just with those characters, you can see that the phonetic element is used mostly for its medial and final sound. Of course, there are many more examples of this. However, what about the historic pronunciations? Actually during the medieval period, sông was pronounced somewhat like klông, and trong/trông were like tlong/tlông. As you can see, the long/lông is actually there - the modern pronunciations just conceal that. Some Nôm characters have phonetic components which are merely used for their medial or final sound. Of course, Vietnamese like most languages has changed a lot since the medieval ages.
- As I mentioned just above, some original Chinese characters are used simply as phonetic characters such as 女 can be read in Hán-Việt as nữ (female) or in Nôm as nữa (moreover, furthermore, also).
- I could go on, but as you can see, the Hán-Nôm writing system is not as simple as it sounds. It combines Chinese characters with their original pronunciations and meanings, Chinese characters used for phonetic purposes to represent a native Vietnamese sound, invented characters (mostly using a semantic and phonetic component) and phonetic borrowings off invented characters. Also, just as you may notice in modern Chinese, the modern Vietnamese pronunciations of certain characters with the same phonetic component is not always the same. This is obviously due to sound change, and semantic phonetic characters are a bit harder to learn because you'd need a fairly good understanding of Chinese characters and their Vietnamised pronunciations.
Ok, I should stop here. All I wanted to say was that Chữ Nôm would be harder to learn - not because the average character has more strokes, but because it combines three different types of characters; original Chinese character (w/ original meaning) but pronounced with a nativised pronunciations (Hán-Việt), original Chinese character (used phonetically to represent a native Vietnamese syllable), and an invented Vietnamese character. Also factor in the fact that although most Chữ Nôm characters are available to view online and many have been encoded into Unicode, there has never been a full standardisation of Nôm characters, and even today, people can use their own variant of a character, and finally factor in the fact that there are modern words with no existing character but can be represented using an existing one.
And yes, Classical Chinese will help you. With regards to original texts, most texts were written in Classical Chinese but there are many that were written in Chữ Nôm. These Chữ Nôm texts for the most part follow modern Vietnamese syntax but use a lot of odd and no longer used native expressions. Japanese writing sounds like a mess! All sounds in modern Vietnamese may be represented in Chữ Nôm. To be considered "literate" you should aim to learn 3,000-5,000 Chinese characters, and about 3,000-5,000 native characters (~6000-10,000).
Me and a few others are currently transcribing texts for fun, but also aim to do our own standardisation for ourselves. Oh and the average Vietnamese in an informal situation will only speak 15-20% words of Chinese origin, everyday Vietnamese would have about 20-30% Chinese (or Japanese) derived vocabulary and in formal contexts, the media etc. then you can expect the amount to be 50% at the least and even higher (as much as 80%) in essays and documentation.


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pulis is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "pulis" uses 5 letters: I L P S U.
Direct anagrams of pulis:
Words formed by adding one letter before or after pulis (in bold), or to ilpsu in any order:
a - pilaus c - piculs e - pileus n - lupins o - pilous poilus p - pupils slipup t - tulips
Shorter words found within pulis:
is li lip lips lis lisp pi pis piu plus psi pul puli puls pus si sip slip sup up ups us
List shorter words within pulis, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in pulis, plus an optional blank or existing letter
Try a search for pulis in these online resources (some words may not be found):
OneLook Dictionaries -
Each search will normally open in a new window.
List all words starting with pulis, words containing pulis or words ending with pulis
All words formed from pulis by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: pu ul li is
Browse words starting with pulis by next letter
Previous word in list: pulings
Next word in list: pull
Some random words: roach


I would point out keeping people in prison for a lifetime is very expensive. If an offender who will never be released chooses to die his choice saves the taxpayer a great deal of money even if this choice includes expensive counselling. Secondly and I believe more importantly I would question whether these safeguards really need to include expensive counselling. For I would suggest all that is needed for a decision to be autonomous is that it is wholehearted and un-ambivalent. I would suggest if an offender expresses a constant un-ambivalent desire to die over a period of a few months, then his decision is an autonomous one and as such ought to be respected. Our objector might respond that my suggestion means a severally depressed offender might choose to die. In reply I would simply point out being depressed may well be the natural state of affairs for such an offender and suggest his depression does not preclude him from making an autonomous decision to die.
I have argued the reason why we should allow such offenders the right to die is based on their autonomy. I further argued that the basis of autonomy is seeing others as basically the same sort of persons as ourselves. However our objector might mount a third objection. He might argue if we allow these offenders the right to die then we are sending them a message that even at this basic level they are not the same sort of persons as ourselves. He might point out if we saw someone about to jump from a high building we would try and talk him down rather than simply pass by or tell him it's his choice whether to jump or not. Indeed our objector might accuse us of double standards. The same objection might also be made if we allow terminally ill patients to choose when to die. I would reject his objection by arguing the difference in our attitudes is due to a difference in circumstances rather than a supposed difference in persons. An offender may be depressed and as I have suggested this depression may be both natural and normal considering his circumstances. His depression may be natural because his ongoing circumstances will not significantly change. Someone about to jump from a building may also be depressed but his depression may not be natural and certainly need not be ongoing as his circumstances might change. These different circumstances mean the offender's decision, subject to certain safeguards, is an autonomous one whilst the decision of the man about to jump from a high building may not be. An autonomous decision is a constant un-ambivalent decision. If we permit an offender to die we can be fairly certain his decision is an autonomous one because the prison authorities would require that he had expressed an un-ambivalent desire to die over a period of some months. The same requirement cannot be applied to someone about to commit suicide by jumping from a high building.
Our objector might now point out, offenders do not have a handy means of suicide readily available, and that if my conclusion is accepted the means of suicide would have to be approved of and brought into prison by the relevant authorities under strictly controlled conditions. I accept the objectors point. He might then use this point to raise a fourth objection to my conclusion. He might argue accepting my conclusion reintroduces capital punishment by the back door and once again accuse me of double standards due to my stated opposition to capital punishment. In reply I would reject his argument by firstly pointing out capital punishment is imposed and not simply optional. Secondly I am not proposing that the prison authorities kill these offenders even with the offender's approval. I am proposing that the prison authorities make the means of suicide available to such offenders in controlled circumstances. These circumstances might be the much the same as those in the Dignitas clinic in Geneva. The person committing suicide in this clinic takes an anti sickness drug followed half an hour later by the overdose that kills him. In similar circumstances the offender would not have the drugs administered to him but would have them provided for him to take them himself. The fact that these drugs would be self administered would be an important additional safeguard of the offender' autonomy, for often someone may believe he should take some course of action but when he tries to implement this action finds he cannot. For as Frankfurt points out someone's decision only show what he intends to will and that when he attempts implement his decision he might be surprised to find out his decision does not in practice represent his will (3). In the above circumstances it would be hard to characterise the assisted suicide of an offender as capital punishment. Recently in Belgium Frank Van Den Bleeken who is serving a life sentence for rape and murder has been allowed by a court to undergo euthanasia, see bioedge. However I agree with Frankfurt that someone's decision only show what he intends to will and in practice his decision may not always truly represent his will. For this reason whilst I believe offenders should have the right to commit suicide I would be doubtful whether this right should extend to euthanasia.
In conclusion it appears all my imagined objector's objections remain unconvincing. Finally I wish to consider an additional reason to that of the offender's limited autonomy to support my position. Harrosh suggests if a prisoner on death row chooses a method of execution involving greater suffering that his choice can be a form of atonement. I would extend Harrosh's suggestion further by suggesting if an offender chooses to die this might also be a form of atonement. In practice I don't believe the need for atonement would be a major factor in decision making of most these offenders' decisions to die. Rather it would be a desire to escape from life long imprisonment. None the less I believe it might be a factor in some such cases. Such atonement should be accepted not only because it is an expression of an offender's limited autonomy but also because the acceptance of responsibility by the offender for his offences is something which may benefit the victim or victim's relatives.
 1. Harry Frankfurt, 1999, Necessity, Volition, and Love, Cambridge University Press, page 163.
 2. Christine Korsgaard, 2009, Self-Constitution, Oxford University Press.
 3. Frankfurt 1988, The Importance of What We Care About, Cambridge University Press, page 84
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