Bitcoin and blackouts fuel anti-Chinese sentiment in Iran
Some Iranians do not seem to be very keen on China and its nationals. There are a wide range of possible reasons, from the cheap and mostly low-quality Chinese products once imported to Iran and their devastating impact on the businesses of local Iranian producers to the Chinese fishing trawlers ruining the livelihoods of local fishermen in southern Iran.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which originally broke out in China, was the last nail in the coffin, and increased unfavorable views of China to historic highs in Iran, as in almost all other parts of the world. But few people would have guessed the latest reason for Sinophobia in Iran: bitcoin.
In recent weeks, Iranian power plants have been forced to switch to burning low-grade fuel oil to generate power because a sharp rise in the country's domestic consumption has led to natural gas shortages. This severely increased air pollution in Tehran and other megacities, increasing public anger toward the government.
Several plants were later shut down after the government ordered a temporary ban on the use of low-grade fuel oil after pollution increased to dangerous levels. However, that resulted in blackouts in various cities, including Tehran.
Already suffering from economic woes and price hikes caused by the U.S. sanctions and government mismanagement, the COVID-19 pandemic, the severe air pollution and now the blackouts, many people were outraged to learn that the Chinese are supposedly devouring the country's electricity in their bitcoin mining farms, especially a big one in the city of Rafsanjan in Kerman province, southeast of Iran.
Bitcoin mining is the process of verifying bitcoin transactions for the reward of the cryptocurrency — it requires a large amount of computing power, and thus electricity.
"Social media do their job. [Now] the majority of people are informed that the blackouts are caused by China's bitcoin mining," an Iranian user said on Twitter, posting her tweet with the hashtag _TAG_.
The anti-Chinese sentiments gradually reached boiling point, and many Iranians took to social media to angrily criticize the government for its failure to meet the people's basic need for electricity while "giving away" the country's power to Beijing.
"When we said we are China's colony, some people felt offended. Now you can see all these bitcoin mining farms. Because of that, you neither have power nor business," a user tweeted, using the hashtag _TAG_.
"We thought Iran is no longer an 'orphanage.' Now the Chinese are using Iran's electricity to mine bitcoin, and have literally destroyed our local fishing in the Persian Gulf with their fishing trawlers. Those who once wore shrouds to protest against capitulation have now gifted the country to China," Iranian political commentator Ehsan Soltani said in a tweet, which he posted along with a video of the Chinese mining farms in Iran.
"China comes to Iran to mine bitcoin, each of which is worth $40,000; then we [Iranians] have to wear warm clothes in a dark house while we are breathing mazut (fuel oil). Isn't that beautiful?" said a user on Twitter, complaining about the severe air pollution in Iranian megacities, which has been mainly caused by the use of low-quality fuel oil in power plants.
Another user sarcastically pointed to the Iranian government's call for less energy consumption in both cold and hot seasons, writing, "Consume less electricity in winter so that our Chinese Communist brothers would be able to mine bitcoin, and consume less electricity in summer so that our Iraqi brothers would experience no power cuts. Apparently only we Iranians are redundant in Iran."
"There's a power cut in our company now, and … because of China's damn bitcoin mining I'll have to work extra hours today," said another user.
A user even went beyond that and expressed his anti-Chinese sentiments with a racist tweet: "I don't care if I'm called a racist. But now I hate any person with monolid eyes, and I'm going to support hatemongering against them as far as I can."
Majid-Reza Hariri, the head of Iran-China Joint Chamber of Commerce, believes the rumors about the power shortage are being spread by those who are against the expansion of Tehran-Beijing trade relations and use any challenge and incident to blame China for Iran's problems.
"It's far from reality that certain groups try to point the fingers at China whenever something happens in Iran by launching massive campaigns. When people are experiencing blackouts, and suddenly a strange video is released of the infrastructure of a Chinese company to make a fuss about the issue, it shows that a particular group is trying to deal a blow to these bilateral collaborations," Hariri told the semi-official news agency ISNA.
He said the Chinese miners have obtained all the official permissions and licenses and are indeed importing Iranian electricity. "Giving power to bitcoin mining farms is a form of electricity export, as the government is charging [the Chinese] based on international rates, earning an acceptable profit from this cooperation."
The photo of a power bill with an extremely huge price tag, issued for a customer named "Iran and China Investment Company," has gone viral in recent days. The power bill, which apparently belongs to the Rafsanjan mining farm operated by the Chinese, indicates that the miners have used 58,615,905 kWh of electricity in one month, for which they have to pay over 270 billion rials (some $1.2 million).
The revenues seem to be life-saving for the Iranian government whose exports have been severely hit by the U.S. sanctions. However, charity begins at home, or as a similar Iranian proverb says, you should "never kill the lights at home to light up the mosque."
Faced with widespread protests, especially on social media, the government finally announced on Jan. 14 that it has halted its supply of electricity to all cryptocurrency mining farms, including the ones operated by the Chinese, for two weeks in a bid to prevent further blackouts.
That has so far worked, and Iranians have not experienced further power cuts. But were the blackouts really caused by the Chinese bitcoin mining in the first place?
Iran's Minister of Communications and Information Technology Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi says the total power consumption of legal and illegal bitcoin mining farms across the country is estimated to be around 515 MW.
In the first full week of January, Iran's electricity consumption hit the record-high level of 40,000 MW. So the electricity used by the Chinese bitcoin farmers is a tiny fraction of the country's total power consumption, and does not seem to be significant at all.
The Iranian government appears to have calmed down the public dissatisfaction for now, but it must look for the real causes and driving forces of such anti-Chinese sentiments, especially considering its plans for long-term strategic cooperation with Beijing.
If the Islamic Republic wants its Sinophilic "Look East" strategy to work, it first needs to convince the frustrated population it rules over that the country's national interests would be better served through strategic ties with China, not Europe and the United States.
Reza Khaasteh is a Tehran-based journalist. ©The Diplomat, 20201.
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Fidel Castro's Hurricane Cannon
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A rare image of the cannon minutes after firing.
A Hurricane Cannon, developed by your friendly neighborhood dictator, Fidel Castro, is a unique, specialized weapon for the purpose of modifying weather patterns to seed hurricanes. Intelligence reports from the CIA state that the weapon is currently deployed on the coast of Cuba. Though the weapon is still actively maintained, it has not been used since the 2008 assumption of office by current president, Raúl Castro.
edit History of Weapons of Meteorological Destruction
edit Early Iterations
Fidel Castro based his plans for the Hurricane Cannon on stories and illustrations surviving from the Middle Ages. Visigoths had once harnessed the ability to seed clouds after trading the secret of the kite from the Chinese. They employed the weapon against their enemy Switzerland, destroying many ships and coastal facilities. As recently as 1987, the French deployed a medium-range hurricane against southeast England in revenge for being defeated in the Cricket world cup.
Documented use of the basic idea of the weapon also took place in Japan. Using similar means as the Visigoths and French, the Japanese were easily able to keep any enemy off their shores by hurling typhoons at them. During this time, the idea evolved beyond a man flying a kite, as the Japanese developed a method of seeding the hurricane systems using arrows fired from large seige engines. They called this weapon a Japanese Typhoon Engine (タイフー ブキ). Use of the weapon was outlawed in the terms of the surrender of World War II.
edit Development by Castro
During his childhood, Castro researched many ways to help bring down the capitalist pigs that surrounded him. It was during this time that he learned of the Japanese Typhoon Engine. After freeing and uniting his own country under the glorious Communist leadership, he immediately returned to researching how hurricane seeding worked. The geographic location of his country lent itself to his plan, as well, due to the region being ripe for creating hurricanes.
After adapting the idea of the Japanese Typhoon Engine to modern weapon and weather control systems, Castro allocated large parts of the nation's budget to developing the weapon. However, he kept the weapon top secret, even from his own men. Castro personally developed the weapons system in a cave on the outskirts of Havana, under the guise that he was constructing a suit of powered armor.
In 1983 he successfully tested the weapon from that same cave and fired what would be known as Hurricane Alicia. The first test shot rained down terror and destruction to Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. Although the weapon has occasionally misfired and hit his own country, it has successfully caused hundreds of billions of dollars worth of damage to the United States infrastructure, and sank one city.
edit Specific Targets
One projected path of how the Hurricane Cannon could threaten San Francisco.
The CIA has disclosed information regarding the targeting system, and stated that they believe that Fidel Castro had been intentionally targeting certain US cities. The default target Castro would aim at is New Orleans, Louisiana, believed to be due to the fact that it is below sea level, therefore potentially sustaining more damage from flooding. However, he has set the sights on other locations, such as cities in Texas and Florida.
Theories have also surfaced regarding the possibility of Castro using relay stations from abandoned Soviet outposts all over the Southern Atlantic and Pacific oceans. If this were the case, he might be able to successfully seed a tropical storm that would be launched out from each relay station, until it came around South America and then hit California. Skeptics counter that the temperature differences would break up a tropical storm, but reports from NOAA state that the time the storm would spend in the Antarctic would be minimal and that it could regain considerable strength on the journey back North.
edit Defense
The United States' developed a defense system in 1985, after discovering that the Cubans had caused Hurricane Alicia. The plan involved having Florida be a defensive wall that should weaken most systems passing into the Gulf. This plan, however, has been scrutinized for several reasons. The weather in Florida is very nice, when hurricanes aren't smashing into it, and so people have settled and built cities on what was intended to just be a wall to block off the Gulf. Another failing point lies in the fact that after seeding, the hurricanes sometimes travel South around Cuba, completely avoiding Florida.
Despite the criticism, Florida is still the US' best official plan for defense against the Hurricane Cannon. President Bush was able to offer some advice for the outcries following Hurricane Katrina, stating that citizens should not "live in a hut made of Mardi Gras beads below sea level in a hurricane zone," and that "pooping on the er, hurricanes... does not seem to uh, discourage them... or cause them to change course or anything."
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Arto is a collection of Finnish periodical and monograph articles in Melinda. Arto's information may be searched in Finna and they may be utilised via user interfaces, for example, in publication information searches in higher education institutions.
With the help of Article data entry form any library, scientific publisher or scientific society may store articles in their own fields, subject matter or their own publications in way that will make them easier to find.
- Joining the service requires a contract
- Service usage doesn't require payment
- Private individuals
Article data entry form:Organisations
The National Library of Finland, data management steering group
- Service is developed as part of basic operation of National Library

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Activity 1: Formative Assessment
Printable Student View
- How did living in the colonies change the way Americans thought about government?
- There was little diversity in the colonies and everyone had similar ideas about government.
- The colonist were generally left alone by England and they took part in running there own government.
- The colonists knew they would always be protected by England and there was no need for their own government.
- The colonists felt that the founding fathers were best able to run the government.
- A social contract
- Defines how people should interact with each other
- Defines a relationship between a people and their government
- Defines how a people with interact with foreign countries
- Defines relationships between the state government and the federal government
- What freedoms did American colonists begin to take for granted as they moved toward independence? Explain why this happened.
- Based on the American experience, what do you think were the important principles that were followed by the founding fathers?
May 1, 2018 11:42am


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AIR QUALITY: Seal off attached garage to prevent leaks
A CLOSER LOOK: Keep benzene at bay 0
Pollutants such as exhaust or fumes from paints, pesticides and machinery can leak into the house from an attached garage though the ceiling hatch, the door or gaps in the wall panelling. (File photo)
Some indoor air-quality problems may begin in the most unlikely places, such as an attached garage.
If your attached garage isn't used to store your vehicle and there aren't any other major chemical sources in that space, then the quality of garage-to-house air movement should not be a significant problem.
But if you normally start your car, even with the garage door wide open, or drive it into the garage, turn off the engine and then close the garage door, emissions of various chemicals and fluids from the engine can linger for hours. Both of the above activities can produce elevated concentrations of combustion pollutants that can find their way into your home.
This is not just a theory — a Health Canada study involving more than 100 houses revealed that houses with attached garages had measurable concentrations of benzene (a gasoline-related pollutant) in the indoor air, while houses without garages or detached garages had little or no benzene.
There are also secondary sources of pollutants in garages:
Gas-powered appliances, such as lawn mowers, chain saws and edging tools, have emission systems not as good as those found in cars.
Chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides often stored in the garage also are sources of pollutants.
It can be difficult to understand how and why garage air moves into the house. After all, there's at least one layer of drywall between the house and the garage and a significant amount of insulation. The door to the house also typically has weather stripping and a spring door closer.
So how does air get in? It can move through small cracks in the walls between the house and the garage, and through the ceiling. Because there are many tiny holes and cracks that permit this air exchange to take place, all houses experience some level of air flow from an attached garage to the interior of the house.
Here are some tips to help minimize garage air from entering your house:
Repair or replace drywall tape peeling off the walls and ceiling of the garage.
Repair any holes in the drywall, even screw holes.
If the garage has an attic hatch, ensure that the hatch is lined with weather stripping and that the hatch cover is heavy enough to sit firmly on the weather stripping.
Never run your vehicle more than a few minutes inside the garage even with the garage door open. If you must have your vehicle running, move it out of the garage and close the garage door to prevent wind from pushing the gases back into the garage.
The door(s) from the garage to the house should have a good gas seal or weather stripping around them.
Doors should be "fire rated," made of steel or solid wood, and should have a self-closing mechanism installed so the door closes firmly and completely.
Dryer, bathroom and kitchen vents should not exhaust into the garage and there shouldn't be any heat vents or air intakes from the furnace located in the garage.
If the garage walls and ceiling aren't covered with drywall, consider doing so at least for those walls directly adjacent to the interior of the home. Dry wall is the best material for this job as it has a fire rating, which most wood products do not.
If there are noxious chemicals in the garage, consider sending them to a hazardous waste disposal site, or store them outside in a shed.
If the garage is used to repair or maintain vehicles or machinery, consider installing an exhaust fan to vent gases out.
Rob Parker is a registered home inspector with the Ontario Association of Home Inspectors and certified master inspector with the National Association of Certified Home Inspectors who does home inspections in the London area.
Call him at ThamesSpec Home Inspection Service at _PHONE_, e-mail _EMAIL_ or visit _URL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: People talk about how to handle different types of buyer personalities. However, over the years sales people also have also developed some distinctive selling styles. Which one are you? Learn about your sales style here. This microlearning features a short video training session providing practical, actionable and engaging best practices for employees. Most popular uses for microlearning courses like this include standalone training, blended learning, self-directed learning, learning reinforcement, and on-demand learning.


Statement from CMES ED in Response to Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham Executive Order
"Ensuring methane reductions is key to natural gas playing a role in a low carbon future for New Mexico and the Nation. We applaud Governor Lujan Grisham for issuing today's executive order. Statewide rules to cut methane will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create good-paying jobs for New Mexicans, and cut the needless waste of New Mexico's natural resources.
"Since coming into office, the President and his Administration have gone about systematically repealing environmental regulations regardless of their merit. There is no clearer example of this, than the decision to repeal common-sense rules put in place to regulate methane leaks from oil and gas sites. These leaks are often caused by human error and easy to fix, but particularly harmful to the environment. That is why state leadership is critical in setting forth, a thoughtful approach that provides a pathway for methane to be captured in an economical and efficient manner."
The Center for Methane Emissions Solutions (the Center) was founded to provide a voice for businesses that that offer these innovative solutions. The Center represents the interests of American businesses that develop and manufacture cutting edge technologies, install commercial technologies, and aid inspectors on the job to significantly cut methane waste on a cost-effective basis across the oil and gas supply chain.


This article is more than 1 year old
Redwood trees in Guerneville, California.
Redwood trees in Guerneville, California. Photograph: Gabrielle Lurie/The Guardian
Environment editor
Last modified on Mon 16 Dec 2019 10.10 EST
As trees grow, they absorb and store the carbon dioxide emissions that are driving global heating. New research estimates that a worldwide planting programme could remove two-thirds of all the emissions from human activities that remain in the atmosphere today, a figure the scientists describe as "mind-blowing".
Why are trees good for the environment?
There are about 3tn trees on the planet and they play a significant role in producing the oxygen we all breathe. But twice as many existed before the start of human civilisation.
Today, 10bn more trees are cut down than are planted every year. This destruction is a significant contributor to the carbon dioxide emissions that are driving the climate crisis. rees draw carbon dioxide back out of the atmosphere as they grow, and planting trees will need to play an important part in ending the climate emergency.
Forests are also a vital and rich habitat for wildlife. Earth is at the start of a sixth mass extinction event of species and the razing of forests and other ecosystems is the biggest contributor to the losses. Tropical rainforests are especially important, hosting 50% of known terrestrial species on only 6% of the world's land. Trees are also important in controlling regional rainfall, as they evaporate water from their leaves.
In urban areas, the shade from trees has been shown to both cool city streets and reduce levels of air pollution. They can also boost people's wellbeing as part of green spaces, with research showing a two-hour "dose" of nature a week significantly improving health.
Was this helpful?
Visit the Crowther Lab website for a tool that enables users to look at particular places and identify the areas for restoration and which tree species are native there.
This article was amended on 18 October 2019 to reflect a revision made to the original research paper, and a clarification in a letter by the authors of the study in the journal Science, that responds to criticism of their work. They clarify that one comparison made did not take into account that 55% of the CO2 produced by human activity is absorbed by land and oceans. The text of the first and second paragraph of this article have been edited to reflect this and the paper revision.


You asked: What is a Kula in yoga?
Kula is a Sanskrit word that can be translated as "community," "clan" or "tribe." This word is sometimes used by the yoga community to denote the sense of inclusion and belonging that can be cultivated through yogis coming together to practice yoga.
What does Kula mean?
: a Melanesian interisland system of exchange in which prestige items (as necklaces and arm shells) are ceremoniously exchanged with a concomitant trade in useful goods — compare exchange sense 1b.
What is Kula in history?
Kula, exchange system among the people of the Trobriand Islands of southeast Melanesia, in which permanent contractual partners trade traditional valuables following an established ceremonial pattern and trade route. …
What is a group of yogis called?
The term, "sangha" was among the dozens of new Sanskrit words I learned during teacher training. … Although it can be loosely defined as "community," the word, sangha, originating in the Buddhist belief, traditionally refers to two very specific types of groups, either 1.
What is the meaning of Kaula?
Kaula, also known as Kula, Kulamārga ("the Kula practice") and Kaulācāra ("the Kaula conduct"), is a religious tradition in Shaktism and Tantric Shaivism characterised by distinctive rituals and symbolism connected with the worship of Shiva and Shakti.
IT IS INTERESTING: Which is the following asana is done in inverted pose?
What is Kula Dharma?
Kula-dharma means if you are a brāhmaṇa, you must observe the regulative principles, the qualitative principles of a brāhmaṇa. (Lecture on Bhagavad-Gita–1:37-39). jāti-dharma means the family tradition that has got different types of responsibilities.
What is Kula flow?
Kula Flow is vinyasa (or flow) style yoga with an emphasis on creativity and alignment. Classes are inventive and thoughtful sequences of sun salutations, standing & seated postures, back bending and inversions – guided by a steady breath to tone and calm the mind.
Where is the Kula ring?
What does Coola mean?
1. ( colloquial) (awesome) (South America) a. cool (colloquial) "Ahora los chicos más cool usan gorra", dijo Micaela.
What is a female yoga teacher called?
Do yogis marry?
Who is the father of yoga?
IT IS INTERESTING: What is a Qigong teacher called?
Lotus position


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Transfer Credit Policies
Transfer Credit Policies
A. General policies regarding all transfer students
- The registrar evaluates all requests for transfer credit.
- Transfer credit is only awarded for high-school level courses.
- No more than 1.0 credit will be recorded on the student transcript for each course, even if the course is taken in different schools.
- Transfer credits are accepted for all courses on transcripts from public high schools.
- Students pursuing a diploma from Whitmore School are required to complete at least 4.5 credits at Whitmore School, regardless of how many credits are transferred. These credits must include 2 core course credits* from 2 different subject areas..5 credit of Test Prep and 2 additional elective or core course credits. *Core course subjects are English, Math, Science and Social Studies.
- Whitmore School may accept credits from non-accredited schools when validated by one or more of the following procedures:
- A review of the student's academic record
- An analysis of the sending school's curriculum
- A review of a Homeschool Association portfolio of student work
- An assessment of scholastic performance
- No more than 8.0 total credits per year will be recorded on the student transcript once the student has enrolled at Whitmore School. This includes a combination of credits earned at Whitmore School and other schools.
B. Policies regarding students with course credit from public high schools and other accredited sources
CompuHigh/Whitmore School recognizes accreditation from:
CITA – Commission on International and Trans-regional Accreditation
NCA – North Central Association
SACS – Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
WASC – Western Association of Schools and Colleges
NEASC – New England Association of Schools and Colleges
MSA – Middle States Association
NCPSANational Council of Private School Accreditation
IB – International Baccalaureate
GAC – Georgia Accrediting Commission
- Transfer credits are accepted for all courses on transcripts from public high schools or high schools accredited by one of the above-listed organizations.
- Credits are transferred with the letter grade awarded by the previous high school.
- Transferred credits will count toward the total number of credits required by CompuHigh / Whitmore School, but may not fulfill specific course requirements for graduation.
C. Policies regarding students with course credit from students transferring from high schools outside of the USA
- Transcripts from outside the USA must be translated into English and include a course-by-course USA credit equivalent and grade equivalent.
- When specific core course credit is not indicated on a transcript, or more than seven courses are completed in one year, Whitmore School may award 1 credit for English, native language and mathematics, and.5 credit for other courses.
- Non-native English speakers may be required to take a TOEFL examination in order to determine course placement.
- Non-native English speakers are required to enroll in the Diploma PLUS Program.
D. Policies regarding students with course credit from non-accredited homeschool program not affiliated with a homeschool association
- At the discretion of the Registrar, some credits may be transferred when validated. However, the following additional limitations may apply to non-affiliated homeschool credits:
- Transfer credit may be awarded in English courses if the student earns a passing grade in the next sequential English course from Whitmore School.
- Transfer credit may be awarded in mathematics courses if the student earns a passing grade in the next sequential mathematics course from Whitmore School.
- Transfer credit may be awarded in Science and Social Studies upon taking and passing an assessment of scholastic performance in the subject.
- Transfer credits are recorded with a grade of "Pass;" no letter grade will be recorded.


Nanotechnology Databases
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"From the age of 18, when I began to experiment with light, I have been searching for harmony in lighting"
Poul Henningsen was born in 1894 in Ordrup, Denmark and became Denmark's first expert in lighting theory. Even though Poul Henningsen's is mostly known from his lamps his talent was very diversified. He was trained at the Technical School and the Danish College of Technology, Copenhagen. Ever since 1920 Poul Henningsen worked as an independent architect in Copenhagen where he designed several houses, a factory, a part of Tivoli, and the interiors of two theaters. Beside working as an architect Poul Henningsen wrote articles for several newspapers and periodicals, he scripted a number of revues for Copenhagen theaters, he wrote poems, and was the editor of the magazine "Kritisk Revy" (Critical Revue). From his writings Poul Henningsen was known as a seriously and sharp critical of society and architecture.
As a Copenhagener Poul Henningsen often
drove through the city and was shock by what he saw:
"It has always been the idea that the PH-lamp should be the lamp for the home. Due to its qualities and its modern appearance it had to be accepted first in offices and public buildings, but it is constructed with the most difficult and noble task in mind: lighting in the home. The aim is to beautify the home and the who live there, to make the evening restful and relaxing."
In 1924 Poul Henningsen designed his multi-shade lamp. It was the first of what later became known as the "PH-lamp". The design was based on scientific analysis of a lamp shade's function. The size, shape, and position of the lamp shades determine the distribution of the light and the amount of glare. In 1924 this lamp won a competition for light fitting for the Paris World Exhibition, and is known as the "Paris lamp". Poul Henningsen maintained the principle of the Paris lamp throughout his lifetime.
"The task to find a new lighting feature, where the emphasis is on the problem of glare. This is what is attempted with the PH-lamp, and much to indicate that it has been successful."
Poul Henningsen's lamp shades are made of separate elements, shaped and assembled in such a way that they cover the bulb and direct the light down upon the table without the rays being reflected more than once. Beside this they give a general light in the room, so that the contrast between the illumination of the walls and table is not to sharp. Within the lamp shade itself the light is distributed so as to lessen the intensity towards the outer edge of each separate element. In this way Henningsen has avoided the abrupt transition from light to darkness which we find, for example, with an ordinary spherical pendant shade in opal glass. To bring the rather harsh white light towards the red end of the spectrum, Henningsen has given the inner side of one element of the shade a red color.
Poul Henningsen did not grew up with the electric light but in the soft glow of the petroleum lamp. His constant inspiration and aim was to cultivate the electric light to achieve a similar softness but yet utilize this new powerful light source.
"I do not subscribe to the idea of an ever-increasing demand for more powerful lighting intensity. It is tempting, but inartistic to continue to increase lighting intensity."
From Consulate General of Denmark in New York Copyright 1997, Consulate General of Denmark. All rights reserved.


text:
Shipping Container Design for Intermodal Shipping
The computer was important to shipping container design even in the 1950s at the beginning of the containerization revolution. In 1956 Matson Navigation Company, a shipper who dominated traffic between the west coast of the U.S. and Hawaii, used computers to analyze thousands of shipments. Matson concluded that the 20-25 foot container was optimal.
Another important feature of shipping container design were the heavy steel corner posts developed specifically to support stacking. Matson's freighters were specifically designed to handle six high stacks of shipping containers.
Matson turned computer power to analyzing the design of its cranes at Alameda and other ports and as a consequence improved load times to 400 tons per hour, which was 40 times the average manual load time from longshoremen. Cranes were specifically designed to meet the task of unloading standardized size containers loaded both in the holds and on the decks of Matson freighters.
The newly invented electric cranes traveled on rails placed on both sides of the ship so containers could be unloaded efficiently row by row. After the first row was removed, the practice of roll-on, roll-off occurred, with loading and unloading taking place simultaneously. Approximately every 3 minutes a crane would complete a cycle of rolling on, and rolling off containers.
Early shipping container design requirements dictated that freighters be outfitted with a structure of metal cells built to hold containers in place. They were 1 1/4 inches longer than the container, and ¾ inch wider and had cell guides that the crane operator had to ease the container in to. This was the design for the Ideal-X, the first container ship. The new design allowed for roll-on, roll-off loading and unloading, which is much more efficient than doing each in a separate process.
A refrigerated version of the container came along in the 1950s which had a cooling unit inside so these containers could be stacked like normal units. The hinges were designed to be recessed, again, to facilitate stacking. Castings on each of the eight corners contained an oblong hole used to put in a twist lock device to fit into the corners as boxes were stacked
An important aspect of shipping container design, the locking device, greatly impacted trucks as well. The locking mechanism on the trucks used to haul containers from the Ideal-X and other container ships saved time because it meant that the truck could be loaded and leave immediately rather than taking up time and space at the port having the cargo chained down.
Ships also had to be redesigned to handle increasingly large loads of cargo. By 1969 ships specifically designed for the roll-on/roll-off cargo containers were carrying 1000 to 1200 20-foot (TEU) equivalents of containers on the North Atlantic routes and 1300 to 1600 TEU on the Asian routes. These new container ships were designed to go 50% or more faster than conventional freighters.
Shipping container design, and its impact on crane and freighter design, had come a long way by 1969 from its beginning in the mid-1950s.


This graphic shows the order in which Oracle returns the rows for a query of a hierarchical tree. Beginning with the root row, Oracle returns one child row of the root, and then one child of that child row, and so forth until a leaf row (one without children) is encountered.
At this point, Oracle goes up in the hierarchy until the next row with a child row is found, and the Oracle returns that child, and so forth until the next leaf row is returned.
This process continues, with Oracle returning to the root row for the next child only when all of the "descendants" of the first child row have been returned.


text:
WELCOME TO CLINICAL FUTURES | A CHOP Research Institute Center of Emphasis
Clinical Futures, formerly the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness (CPCE), is powering progress in pediatric care. As a Center of Emphasis within the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, one of the largest pediatric research institutes in the country, we are committed to improving the care delivered to children. The center consists of dynamic multidisciplinary teams of clinicians, researchers, biostatisticians, and public health experts dedicated to advancing the conduct and outcomes of clinical research for children.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGICAL PILLARS
Nighttime sleep duration and variability in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Sociodemographic disparities and neurobehavioral outcomes
Sleep medicine 2023
Discrepancies Between Caregiver Reported Early Childhood Sleep Problems and Clinician Documentation and Referral
Academic pediatrics 2023
Does ketorolac administration at the time of hypospadias surgery increase unplanned encounters in the immediate postoperative period?
Journal of pediatric urology 2023


Moore's Law
Gamer died after playing games for too long
"A man whose son died after playing computer games is campaigning for greater awareness of the risk posed by their excessive use. Chris Staniforth, 20, who would played his Xbox for up to 12 hours, died in May from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). His dad David believes the condition may have been triggered by long gaming sessions and is caused during long periods of immobility."
Nvidia: Moore's law will die without GPUs
Nvidia's chief scientist, Bill Dally, has warned that the long-established Moore's Law is in danger of joining phlogiston theory on the list of superseded laws, unless the CPU business embraces parallel processing on a much broader scale.
Life After Moore's Law
It's time for the computing industry to take the leap into parallel processing.
For the past four decades explosive gains in computing power have contributed to unprecedented progress in innovation, productivity and human welfare. But that progress is now threatened by the unthinkable: an end to the gains in computing power.
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WIC: Early Entry into Dental Care provides a simple yet powerful solution to the problem of preventing dental disease in low income children. It brings comprehensive preventive dental services directly to vulnerable children. It uses WIC (the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children), a place where very young children and their parents are eminently accessible, as the delivery point for the services. By providing dental care on site at WIC, the program is able to intervene at an age when dental disease can be effectively prevented.
WIC is one of the largest providers of service to at-risk children; more than 60% of all children born in California are served by WIC. Parents who wish to receive WIC services and benefits (such as food vouchers) are required to come to WIC offices for education. They bring their babies as well as older children.
About the program
The WIC: Early Entry into Dental Care program works to build partnerships between WIC centers and dental providers (from public health departments and organizations, safety net clinics, or private practices) who will offer preventive services in these centers. Under the program, dental visits are offered to parents on days when they are already scheduled to pick up their food vouchers. Both infants and older siblings receive a dental assessment and preventive treatments.
While they might receive similar services in a dental office, the greater emphasis of this program on healthy diet and feeding practices for young children make this service integration extremely potent. Parents are counseled about proper feeding and brushing practices, and then referred to a dental provider for follow-up care. Since most children enrolled in WIC are Medicaid-eligible, dental providers can bill for this service and cover much of their costs at no cost to the families themselves.
With the collective experience of our staff and program partners, COH has written the WIC: Early Entry into Dental Care Guidebook as a manual for those interested in establishing their own WIC dental programs. It is free to browse online.


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Jaundice in Newborns May Be Linked to Autism
Study Shows Newborns Who Have Jaundice Are More Likely to Be Diagnosed With Autism
Oct. 11, 2010 -- As many as 60% of full-term newborns and 80% of babies born prematurely develop jaundice in their first few days of life. Now new research suggests the condition may be linked to a higher risk for autism.
Babies with jaundice develop yellowish skin due to excess of the chemical bilirubin, which is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells. Most cases resolve within a week or two of birth. But in very rare cases, jaundice can result in brain damage, cerebral palsy, and even death.
The newly reported study included more than 700,000 children in Denmark. About 35,000 were diagnosed with jaundice as newborns.
More Babies With Jaundice Diagnosed With Autism
Babies who developed jaundice were 67% more likely to be diagnosed with autism during early childhood.
The risk was even higher for babies born in the fall and winter. The risk disappeared in babies whose mothers had not given birth before and in babies born in the spring and summer.
The study suggests a link between jaundice and autism, but it is not clear what that link is, study researcher Rikke Damkjaer Maimburg, PhD, of Denmark's Aarhus University School of Public Health, tells WebMD.
"We can't say from a study like this one that the association is causal, so parents shouldn't worry that a child who has jaundice will develop autism," she says. "It may be some genetic predisposition is associated with the development of jaundice and autism."
Published today in the online issue of the journal Pediatrics, the study included all children born in Denmark between 1994 and 2004. Almost 36,000 developed jaundice and 532 were later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
Winter Babies Most at Risk
Among children who developed autism, those born in the fall and winter were almost twice as likely to have had jaundice following birth as those born in the spring and summer.
Exposure to sunlight breaks down bilirubin and is considered protective against jaundice. Several studies have also suggested a link between autism and lack of vitamin D, which is known as the sunshine vitamin because the body produces it in response to sun exposure.
"Children born in the winter are also kept indoors more, exposing them to more infections," Maimburg says. "This might also have an impact on autism risk, although this is just speculation."
While there is widespread agreement that both genetic and environmental factors influence autism risk, researchers have yet to identify specific environmental risk factors for the disorder.
Earlier research by the Danish researchers also showed the jaundice-autism link, but findings from a California study published in 2005 showed no association.
Alycia Halladay, PhD, who is director of research for the advocacy group Autism Speaks, says parents should not be concerned that their children will develop autism if they had jaundice as newborns.
"This study does not address whether jaundice or elevated bilirubin plays a causal role in autism," she says.
Autism Speaks is funding a study designed to determine if vitamin D deficiency in newborns is linked to autism.


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Catecholamines increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, muscle strength, and mental alertness. They also reduce the amount of blood going to the skin and increase blood flow to the major organs, such as the brain, heart, and kidneys. Catecholamines are often released into the bloodstream in response to stress or fright and prepare the body for "fight-or-flight."
Inotropic medications, such as dobutamine, mimic the action of catecholamines in the heart and can help strengthen the heartbeat.
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River dolphins as indicators of ecosystem degradation in large tropical rivers
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Freshwater ecosystem degradation in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins is increasing due to rising human population numbers, and large water development projects. Therefore, monitoring ecosystem condition in these rivers of high biodiversity is of global conservation importance. This dissertation evaluated the potential of using river dolphins as indicators of ecosystem condition in large tropical rivers of South America. First, population estimates of river dolphins were obtained by line-strip transect surveys and mark-recapture methods on photo-identifications. Using this information, I identified critical habitat, hotspots, and areas of concern for river dolphins, as well as the relationship between dolphin density and group size estimates with ecological features. Second, I evaluated the relationship between dolphin estimates and human stressors. Higher densities of dolphins occurred in rivers with low indices of overall freshwater degradation, such as rivers with high water quality and the lowest human population numbers. Thus, dolphin density estimates seem to be good indicators of freshwater ecosystem degradation in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. These top predators not only are indicator species, but also have the potential to act as flagship and sentinel species, indicating freshwater ecosystem degradation and stimulating conservation action. This dissertation highlights the large changes in the Amazon and Orinoco that are approaching fast. Indicator, flagship and sentinel species can become science-based conservation tools not to only document freshwater ecosystem degradation, but to raise awareness about broader implications of human stressors on biodiversity and river systems.


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Tissue functionality is determined by the characteristics of tissue-resident cells and their interactions within their microenvironment. Imaging Mass Cytometry offers the opportunity to distinguish cell types with high precision and link them to their spatial location in intact tissues at sub-cellular resolution. This technology produces large amounts of spatially-resolved high-dimensional data, which constitutes a serious challenge for the data analysis. We present an interactive visual analysis workflow for the end-to-end analysis of Imaging Mass Cytometry data that was developed in close collaboration with domain expert partners. We implemented the presented workflow in an interactive visual analysis tool; ImaCytE. Our workflow is designed to allow the user to discriminate cell types according to their protein expression profiles and analyze their cellular microenvironments, aiding in the formulation or verification of hypotheses on tissue architecture and function. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our workflow and ImaCytE through a case study performed by a collaborating specialist.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Jan 2021|
- Visual analytics
- high-dimensional images
- imaging mass cytometry
- spatial omics data


Downside risk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Downside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is, the risk of difference between the actual return and the expected return (when the actual return is less), or the uncertainty of that return.[1][2]
Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk can be measured either with downside beta or by measuring lower semi-deviation.[3]:3 The statistic below-target semi deviation or simply target semi deviation (TSV) has become the industry standard.[4]
Downside risk was first modeled by Roy (1952), who assumed that an investor's goal was to minimize his/her risk. This mean-semivariance, or downside risk, model is also known as "safety-first" technique, and only looks at the lower standard deviations of expected returns which are the potential losses.[3]:6 This is about the same time Harry Markowitz was developing mean-variance theory. Even Markowitz, himself, stated that "semi-variance is the more plausible measure of risk" than his mean-variance theory.[5] Later in 1970, several focus groups were performed where executives from eight industries were asked about their definition of risk resulting in semi-variance being a better indicator than ordinary variance.[6] Then, through a theoretical analysis of capital market values, Hogan and Warren[7] demonstrated that 'the fundamental structure of the "capital-asset pricing model is retained when standard semideviation is substituted for standard deviation to measure portfolio risk."' This shows that the CAPM can be modified by incorporating downside beta, which measures downside risk, in place of regular beta to correctly reflect what people perceive as risk.[8] Then, in early 1980s, when Dr. Frank Sortino developed formal definition of downside risk as a better measure of investment risk than standard deviation, downside risk has become the industry standard for risk management.
Downside risk vs. capital asset pricing model[edit]
It is important to distinguish between downside and upside risk because security distributions are non-normal and non-symmetrical.[9][10][11] This is in contrast to what the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) assumes: that security distributions are symmetrical, and thus that downside and upside betas for an asset are the same. Since investment returns tend to have non-normal distribution, however, there in fact tends to be a different probability for losses and for returns. The probability of losses is reflected in the downside risk of an investment, or the lower portion of the distribution of returns.[8] The CAPM, however, includes both halves of a distribution in its calculation of risk. That is why it is crucial to not simply rely upon the CAPM, but rather to distinguish between the downside risk, which is the risk of losses, and upside risk, or gain. Studies indicate that "around two-thirds of the time standard beta would under-estimate the downside risk."[3]:11
SD(X) = \left(\mathbb{E}[(X - \mathbb{E}[X])^2 1_{\{X \leq \mathbb{E}[X]\}}]\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}
where 1_{\{X \leq \mathbb{E}[X]\}} is an indicator function, i.e. 1_{\{X \leq \mathbb{E}[X]\}} = \begin{cases}1 & \text{if } X \leq \mathbb{E}[X]\\ 0 & \text{else}\end{cases}
 - Below target semi-deviation for target t defined by
TSV(X,t) = \left(\mathbb{E}[(X - t)^2 1_{\{X \leq t\}}]\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}.
 - Downside risk is the element people perceive as risk when looking at regular beta. However, a common misperception is to consider beta, itself, as a measure of risk which measures both upside and downside risk. To illustrate this concept more clearly, one can consider two hypothetical stocks, A and B, which have the same downside risk. Stock A, however, has a larger upside "risk," or likelihood of gain, than does stock B. Therefore, the beta of stock A will be larger than will that of stock B. This beta would lead many investors to deem stock A as more risky. In reality, however, stock A and B have the same level of risk because they have same levels of downside risk, or risk of loss.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ McNeil, Alexander J.; Frey, Rüdiger; Embrechts, Paul (2005). Quantitative risk management: concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton University Press. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-691-12255-7.
 2. ^ Horcher, Karen A. (2005). Essentials of financial risk management. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0-471-70616-8.
 3. ^ a b c James Chong; Yanbo Jin; Michael Phillips (April 29, 2013). "The Entrepreneur's Cost of Capital: Incorporating Downside Risk in the Buildup Method". Retrieved 25 June 2013.
 4. ^ Nawrocki, David. "A Brief History of Downside Risk Measures". CiteSeerX:
 5. ^ Markowitz, H. (1991). Portfolio selection: Efficient diversification of investment (2e). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc.
 6. ^ Mao, J.C.T. (1970). "Survey of capital budgeting: Theory and practice". Journal of Finance 25 (2): 349–360.
 7. ^ Hogan, W.W.; Warren, J.M. (1974). "Toward the development of an equilibrium capital-market model based on semivariance". Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 9 (1): 1–11.
 8. ^ a b Chong, James; Phillips, Michael (2012). "Measuring risk for cost of capital: The downside beta approach". Journal of Corporate Treasury Management 4 (4): 346–347. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
 9. ^ Mandelbrot, B (1963). "The variation of certain speculative prices". Journal Of Business 36 (4): 394–419.
 10. ^ Bekaert, G.; Erb, C.; Viskanta, T. (1998). "Distributional characteristics of emerging market returns, and asset allocation". Journal of Portfolio Management 24: 102–16.
 11. ^ Estrada, J. (2001). "Empirical distributions of stock returns: European securities markets, 1990-95". European Journal of Finance 7: 1–21.
External links[edit]


What is mean of chut
aby tere behan ki shalwar utar k dekh janhan par bal hon wo he chot pagal k bachy
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The word "chut" has several meanings, depending on where you are from. It has been used to describe a Jewish person, in London, that migrated to the Netherlands, during the 19th century. It is, also, a language spoken in Vietnam, y "chut" people. In Hindu, it is a slang name for a vagina. Unfortunately, unless you are in the country of origin, there is no way to differentiate the meaning of the word.
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Libraries and museums help individuals find the health information they needs and offer a range of learning experiences to support healthy lifestyles.
National Initiative: Let's Move! Museums & Gardens
This new national initiative will provide opportunities for millions of museum and garden visitors to learn about healthy food choices and promote physical activity through interactive exhibits and programs.
Search the Awarded Grants database for grants to programs that strengthen health (issue areas have only been assigned to grants awarded since FY 2009)
Health content on the IMLS Web site:
The Children's Museum of Manhattan is bringing the museum experience into public housing developments with a model program that includes early childhood literacy elements, health exhibits, and educational programming.
When the Boston Children's Museum's KidPower—a new health exhibit—became the anchor exhibit of its new wing, the Museum's new health focus was literally front and center. They joined the ranks of children's museums that are becoming a national force in combating childhood obesity and at the same time found they could learn valuable lessons from their local community.
Health information is a broad category covering many complex topics. When creating a consumer health Web site, it's more effective to build a directory of trustworthy resources than to point people straight to the most comprehensive source.
Good to Grow logo Begun in 2006, Good to Grow! is the Association of Children's Museums' nationwide health initiative. A key feature of Good to Grow! is the "Growing Healthy Museums" project. It benefits more than 300 children's museums that in turn have the potential to engage millions of children and families in making healthy choices.
Gardens are good for your health, right? In order to prove this scientifically, the Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens in Delray Beach, Fla., collaborated with the Lynn College of Nursing at Florida Atlantic University to create a program targeting a growing demographic: seniors over age 65 who are dealing with depression. A three-year study showed that walking in the gardens significantly reduced depression symptoms and led the museum to create a biannual program of guided-imagery walks.


Human Rights Watch: Defamation Laws Being Used To Silence Critics In Lebanon
Human Rights Watch (HRW) released a report on November 15th titled "There Is a Price to Pay" that explores the recent decline in the tolerance towards free speech in Lebanon.
The 122-page report dives deep into the way defamation and insult laws are being used in Lebanon by the political authority to silence critics and limit criticism.
The report states that powerful political and religious figures in Lebanon have increasingly used the country's criminal insult and defamation laws against opposers of corruption, including demonstrators protesting Lebanon's worsening economic and political situation.
Lebanese citizens charged with defamation and insult towards political figures can face up to 3 years of imprisonment.
Some of these laws have been unaltered since the Ottoman mandate period, and HRW urges the Lebanese Parliament to revoke these laws for their infringement on human rights and freedom of speech and expression.
Statistics in the report show that between January 2015 and May 2019, the Cybercrimes Bureau in Lebanon has investigated 3,599 cases relating to defamation, libel, and slander. Notably, the cases peaked before the May 2019 parliamentary elections.
The report continues that between 2015 and 2019, at least three individuals have received prison sentences.
"One of those individuals received 9 prison sentences in absentia in 9 different criminal cases filed against him by the same politician," as per the HRW report.
Moreover, HRW had interviewed tens of defendants and lawyers in criminal defamation cases, and most of them said that they stopped criticizing the government after being released.
As per the defendants, the reason for the self-censorship was the intimidation they experienced resulting from the defamation cases.
Reporters, activists, and protesters are some of the people most targeted by politicians with criminal defamation and insult laws, due to their vocal opposition to corruption and suspicious political activity.
The latest example of activists being targeted is that of activist and social media figure Khaldoun Jaber, who was arrested during a protest in front of the presidential palace in Baabda and verbally and physically abused while in detention, according to Jaber.
In that regard, we urge all our Lebanese in the diaspora who have been vocal with their support of the revolution, and who intend to return to Lebanon these days, to read this Friendly Warning


> > >
Curry Powder
Curry Powder, like Chili Powder, is a convenience for Westerners, and doesn't actually exist in the culture that inspired it.
Curry Powder comes in mild, medium and hot. Madras style is hot (as far as the commercial scale goes, at any rate.) It is a combination of several spices. Most Curry Powder mixes use coriander seed as a base, then include any of the following ground spices: cardamom, cloves, chili pepper, cumin, ginger, nutmeg, red and black pepper, and turmeric. Some mixes will go beyond that with caraway, cinnamon, dried basil, fenugreek seed, garam masala, mustard seeds, etc.
In India, you don't buy Curry Powder. It's something you mix up for a particular recipe or need. Some recipes will call for up to 20 different spices and herbs to be combined.
Curry Powders can also be bought in a paste.
Cooking Tips
If you are using commercial Curry Powder, you can wake its taste up by frying it lightly for a minute or so in some butter or oil before proceeding with your recipe and adding other ingredients to the pot.
Mix together equal parts of the following ground spices: cumin, pepper, turmeric, ginger, coriander. Other spices from the list in the first paragraph above as the fancy strikes you.
History Notes
British merchants, wanting to cash in on the curry craze back home in Britain, devised this powder to make the cooking of Indian-style dishes easier for British housewives. The idea for Curry Powder was probably inspired by Garam Masala. The benefit to British housewives was not only that it made curries easier, but that they didn't have to acquire all the expensive spices individually.
The first Curry Powder was made in Madras, India in 1780. It was exported to the UK and throughout the Empire.
Also called:
Poudre de curry (French); Currypulver (German); Polvo de curry (Spanish)
See also:
Spice Mixtures
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How do I record a sound to PCM format and replay it from there?
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Check documentation – XiaoChuan Yu Jun 13 '13 at 15:09
1 Answer 1
to record:
AudioRecorder recorder =, isMono);
short[] pCM = new float[1024]; // 1024 samples
recorder.readSamples(pCM, 0, pCM.length);
to play back:
AudioDevice device =, isMono);
device.writeSamples(pCM, 0, pCM.length);
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Xudong Chen; Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering; University of Colorado Boulder
Structure Theory for Nonholonomic Ensemble Systems
Ensemble control deals with the problem of using a common control input to simultaneously steer a large population (in the limit, a continuum) of individual control systems. In this talk, we address a fundamental problem in ensemble control theory, namely, system controllability. A key factor in determining controllability of an ensemble system is its underlying parameterization space. Roughly speaking, the bigger the parameterization space is, the more difficult one can control the ensemble. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made for understanding controllability of ensemble systems over one-dimensional parameterization spaces, yet little is known when the dimensions are greater than one. A major focus of this talk is to present recent advances in controllability of ensemble systems whose parameterization spaces are multi-dimensional. We will consider two classes of ensemble systems, namely, ensembles of linear control systems and ensembles of control-affine systems. We will first show that linear ensemble systems are problematic if their parameterization spaces are greater than one and, then, show how to resolve this controllability issue by using a special class of control-affine ensembles whose control vector fields are equipped with a fine structure.


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Get Dirty to Get JoyBacteria in Soil Acts as Antidepressant
A bacteria found in soil called Mycobacterium has been found to effect the same neurons as Prozac, offering people a natural lift in mood. This is just one more great reason to get out in the garden and grow your own foods. Not a green thumb? Just spending time in areas with rich soil will allow you to breath in these great benefits. – Intelligentactile
Imagine: You're feeling so depressed that you visit your doctor and request a prescription for a mood elevator. Instead of writing you a prescription for Prozac or a similar antidepressant, she advises you to get dirty. While you consider changing doctors, she describes how getting dirty changes your brain chemistry. The microbes in dirt, she says, tweak the same neurons that are stimulated by Prozac. Your options, she explains, are an expensive drug plus its possible side effects, or gardening, yard work, or a romp in the park. Your doctor, it turns out, hasn't gone round the bend. She is actually up-to-date on the latest scientific findings about how the natural environment affects our brain function.
The dirt-and-Prozac connection surfaced a couple of years ago from Dr. Chris Lowry and his colleagues at the University of Bristol and University College London. They exposed lung cancer patients to a common, inoffensive microbe called Mycobacterium vaccae, found in soil. The patients unexpectedly reported increases in their quality of life, including a brighter mood. The researchers wondered if this effect was caused by stimulation of neurons in the patients' brains that produce serotonin, a feel-good chemical.
Taking the next step, they broke up M. vaccae into fragments with sound waves and injected them into the windpipes of anesthetized mice. When compared to controls, the mice exposed to M. vaccae had more activity in serotonin-producing neurons and higher levels of serotonin in several areas of the brain. "[The bacteria] had the exact same effect as antidepressant drugs," Dr. Lowry said. The scientists said that one might derive dirt's benefit directly by rooting around in a vegetable garden, or by eating lettuce or carrots picked from that garden. Popular media ran with the findings. "Is Dirt the New Prozac?" asked Discover magazine.
The dirt-and-Prozac connection fits with a recent idea in medicine called the "hygiene hypothesis." According to this concept, exposure early in life to the bacteria, fungi, and viruses found in common, everyday dirt is necessary to stimulate our immune system. When children are exposed to the stew of microbes in dirt, their immune systems become stronger. The immune system also learns to ignore substances like pollen or the dandruff of pets, which can trigger asthma and allergies. Researchers have shown, for example, that kids who grow up in dirty environments such as farms have a lower incidence of infections, asthma, allergies, and eczema later in life, compared to kids raised in urban environments in which parents try to keep them squeaky clean.
For a century and a half we have waged merciless war on filth through public health measures such as public sanitation systems and water purification programs. These developments have been enormously successful. The increase in lifespan in modern societies is due largely to the reduction of death rates from diseases such as typhoid and cholera, which in nineteenth-century America were called "filth diseases."
We have to wonder, however, if we have gone too far in our obsession with hygiene. Throughout our evolutionary history our ancestors lived in intimate contact with dirt, and its influence, we now see, was not all bad. We evolved in the outdoors, and we are beginning to glimpse the price we are paying for shutting ourselves off from nature.
Don't worry. Nobody is suggesting that we never bathe or clean our bathrooms. Neither is it necessary to inject M. vaccae into our windpipe. If we merely go for a walk in the woods, grub around in our vegetable garden, or weed our flowerbeds, we get a dose of the good bugs simply by inhaling.
"Nature deficiency disorder" has been proposed as a term for the problems we create when we build a wall between the natural world and ourselves. I am highly susceptible to this malady. When I spend too much time indoors, I become increasingly moody and morose. There's only one cure: take a hike, go camping, or root around in my veggie garden. These activities are more than a hobby; they have become an essential part of my life and an important element in my personal health plan.
What about kids? Not so long ago, play and getting dirty were pretty much the same thing — frolicking in a sand box, making mud pies, romping in parks. Now many parents are horrified by dirty play. Keeping kids spotless and unsoiled, however, may be setting them up for trouble later on, because without exposure to nature's medley of microbes our kids can grow up with confused, weak immune systems. Can we rethink the prohibition on dirty play for the sake of our children's health?
Antidepressant medication can sometimes be a treatment of choice. It can work wonders, and in some instances can be life-saving. But if your doctor advises you to get dirty instead of taking a pill to perk up your mood, don't look at her strangely. Pride yourself on having a physician who is on the cutting edge.
Think of it this way: Have you ever seen an unhappy earthworm?
By – H. L. Mencken
- Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy Linked to Language Development Taking a common class of antidepressants called serotonin reuptake...
- Microbe Census Maps Out Human Body's Bacteria, Viruses, Other Bugs It gives scientists a reference point of what the...
- A Dose of 'Good' Bacteria Could Help Your Sinus Problems Some chronic sinus problems may be caused by a...
- 23 Natural Alternatives For Depression Many people have struggled with feelings of depression, feelings...
- US Beaches Laden With Sewage, Bacteria: Study US beaches can be dirty places, making about 3.5...
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You are hereLPT2
Lékařská přístrojová technika 2 sticky icon
Course: Medical Instrumentation 2
Department/Abbreviation: KEF/LPT2
Year: 2020
 Diagnostic methods, diagnostic applications of biopotentials, displaying methods in medical diagnostics, CT, MRI, ultrasound diagnostics, endoscopic diagnostic. Therapeutic methods.
 Course review:
 Diagnostic methods - definition of biosignal and its role in diagnostic-information system, amplifiers of biopotentials, sensing electrodes, origin, scanning and diagnostic applications of biopotentials (EKG, EMG, EEG), phonocardiography, measurement of blood flow and minute blood volume, pletysmography, measurement of blood pressure and pulse rate, devices for measurement of mechanics of breathing, classical X-ray diagnostic methods (skiascopy, skiagraphy), displaying methods in medical diagnostics, CT, MRI, ultrasound diagnostics (displaying, measuring of blood flow), endoscopic diagnostic (therapeutic) methods (construction of endoscope) Therapeutic methods - defibrillators, cardiac pacemakers, neuromuscular stimulators, urostimulators, gastrostimulators, magnetotherapy, diathermy, ultrasound therapy, treatment by ionization radiation - nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, Leksell gamma knife Surgical methods - kryosurgery, electrotomy and thermocoagulation, ultrasound surgery, applications of impulse waves, lasers and their medical uses Other methods - ventilating and anesthesiological systems, extra-corporeal cardiopulmonary circulation, extra-corporeal renal circulation (haemodialysis, haemofiltration, plasmapherosis), cardiac pacemakers, electrodes, hearing supports
 PrezentacePrezentace (ZIP PDF 18 MiB)
 PrezentacePřehledová prezentace (PDF 3,5 MiB)


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More than one million fossils and artifacts were unearthed during the construction the Diamond Valley Lake reservoir in Hemet. These time-swept relics make their home in the Western Science Center's museum complex, creating a bridge between ancient eras and the scientific advances of the future. The campus itself is steeped in advanced design tactics, making it the first museum in California to earn a Platinum LEED Certification from the U.S. Green Building Council. A rooftop covered with 3,000 solar panels provides more than half of the museum's power needs, and a combination of heat-resistant windows and forced-air circulation keeps the interior cool while spending less energy on air conditioning and ice sculpture maintenance.
A journey through the ages begins from the moment visitors step from the parking lot and under the Life on Earth Timelime, a 156-foot corridor of geologic time rings from Pre-Cambrian to Holocene that leads to the museum lobby. Inside, they explore permanent and temporary exhibits, including "Max," the largest mastodon skeleton found in the Western United States and the Discovery lab highlighting the tool contemporary architects use every day. Crowds can take a seat in the immersion theater with a 270-degree screen to watch a pair of short films about the time when giant creatures roamed California and how the region was excavated and preserved.


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Established in 1987, the Nature Trust of New Brunswick is a charitable land conservation organization that is responsible for conserving and stewarding more than 60 beautiful and diverse nature preserves throughout the province.
We conserve areas in New Brunswick that are ecologically significant,
establishing nature preserves that remain protected, forever
We steward the nature preserves through a network of volunteers and supporters;
We engage with the public on the importance of land conservation,
New Brunswick's natural heritage, biodiversity, and species at risk.


Influence of Microstructure on Chip Formation - Machining Aero Engine Alloys
Licentiatavhandling, 2012
Aero engine materials such as nickel-iron and titanium based alloys are known to be very difficult to machine. They are also known to produce shear-localized chips; a type of chip which is associated with both an increase of the tool wear and the vibration levels during machining. Robust machining operations are crucial for maintaining high productivity in the machining shop and variations in the actual work material, e.g. between batches or when the material supplier is changed, are known causes for unwanted disturbances. It goes without saying that a deeper understanding of how the work material microstructure interacts with the machining operation will lead to more robust processes. The aim of this work was to increase the understanding of how the microstructure of work material influences shear-localized chip formation. This was studied through transverse and orthogonal turning in two alloys, the superalloy Alloy 718 and the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, for both of which the microstructure was varied by means of heat treatment. It was found that if the microstructures were finer than the uncut chip thickness, the machining behaviour was isotropic with a gradual increase of the shear-localization in chips when the cutting speed was increased in Alloy 718, and when feed rate was increased in Ti-6Al-4V. However, when the size of the microstructural constituents was increased through heat treatments and to be in the same order of magnitude as the chip thickness, anisotropic effects were found. The result was serrated chips at all cutting speeds in the case of Alloy 718, due to anisotropic deformation of grains at low speeds and with an increased influence of shear localization at higher speeds. The amount of shear localization was found to vary with the crystallographic orientation. In Ti-6Al-4V the orientation of the lamellar structure in the coarse Widmanstätten microstructure type affected the shear localization and this anisotropy could explain the presence of large lamellae in chips even at low feed rate.
Alloy 718
Inconel 718
segmented chip
Opponent: Dr Thomas Björk
Stefan Cedergren
Chalmers, Materialoch tillverkningsteknik, Ytoch mikrostrukturteknik
Bearbetnings-, ytoch fogningsteknik
Opponent: Dr Thomas Björk
Mer information


text:
Uplifting music 'boosts alertness': study
- From: AAP
- March 19, 2013
UPLIFTING music can boost mental alertness and concentration, according to British researchers who studied the effect of Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.
A group of 14 young volunteers listened to the concertos while performing a challenging mental task.
At the same time, scientists measured the electrical activity of their brains.
Results showed that participants carried out the task faster and more accurately while listening to the uplifting strains of the Spring concerto.
They slowed down during the more sombre Autumn passage.
"The Spring movement enhanced overall activity within the brain but had an exaggerated effect on the area of the brain that's important for emotional processing," said psychologist Dr Leigh Riby, from the University of Northumbria.
"It seemed to give rise to particular imagery in the brain and evoke positive, contented feelings which translated into higher levels of cognitive functioning."
The task involved pressing the space bar on a computer keyboard whenever a green square appeared on the screen. Different coloured circles and squares that appeared intermittently had to be ignored.
When tested in silence, the volunteers' average response time was 408.1 milliseconds.
This fell to 393.8 milliseconds during the Spring concerto, compared with 413.3 milliseconds during the Autumn concerto.
The findings are published in the journal Experimental Psychology.
Riby pointed out that the Spring movement had been successfully used in marketing to alter mood and influence behaviour.
"The current study provides evidence that there is an indirect effect of music on cognition that is created by mood, alertness and emotion," Riby said.
"This experiment shows that cognitive capacity is enhanced when pleasant and arousing stimuli are introduced."
Both pieces were written in major keys, suggesting that major or minor key type makes no difference to the impact of music on mental performance.
Music based on a minor key is often associated with sadness, yet the more downbeat Autumn concerto in Vivaldi's The Four Seasons is written in a major key.


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I have a polygon shapefile. I want to create points at an interval of 0.125 decimal degrees in this polygon. How can I create a script with python in ArcGIS 10 to automate the process of create points? The start point is the south-west corner and the end point is north-east of the polygon.
If you're interested in additional vertices along your polygon feature, you can use the built-in Densify function:
You already have your answer; you have your start X/Y and finish X/Y, so you have a range and the distance between the points
Calculate the amount of points you will create per axis
Create your point variables
Set the start point
add a point to your point array
move along the x axis and create a point per 0.125 degrees
once the xloop has finished, reset X
and move the yaxis up 0.125
create the point feature
Please note, this si off the top of my head and completely untested, so I am not responsible for it if you use it. However, that should, I think, start you off.
You will have created points outside of the polygon, as I have ensured the MBR is properly represented; you may want to erase features outside of the polygon afterwards.


Lezgian also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. Lezgian is a literary language and an official language of Dagestan. It is a Caucasian language of the Nakh-Daghestanian language family ( Archi, Tabassaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryz, Khinalug, and Udi ) spoken in Azerbaijan and Daghestan. More specifically, it falls under Eastern Samur group of Lezgic languages (Lezgi, Agul, Tabassaran)
Key spoken dialects: Küre and Axty in Daghestan; and Qusar (Quba) and Ismayilli in Azerbaijan. Standard Lezgi which is the standard dialect is based on the Küre dialect.


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object table
Every row object in an object table has an associated logical object identifier (OID). By default, Oracle assigns each row object a unique system-generated OID, 16 bytes in length. Oracle provides no documentation of or access to the internal structure of object identifiers. This structure can change at any time.
The OID column of an object table is a hidden column. Once it is set up, you can ignore it and focus instead on fetching and navigating objects through object references.
The OID for a row object uniquely identifies it in an object table. Oracle implicitly creates and maintains an index on the OID column of an object table. In a distributed and replicated environment, the system-generated unique identifier lets Oracle identify objects unambiguously.
In an environment where a locally unique identifier can be assumed to be globally unique (in other words, where the table is not distributed or replicated), you can use the primary key value of a row object as its object identifier. Doing this saves the 16 bytes of storage for each object that a system-generated identifer requires.
Primary-key based identifiers also make it faster and easier to load data into an object table. By contrast, system-generated object identifiers need to be remapped using some user-specified keys, especially when references to them are also stored.
Changing a user-defined type is called type evolution. You can make the following changes to a user-defined type:
Changes to a type affect things that reference the type. For example, if you add a new attribute to a type, data in a column of that type must be presented so as to include the new attribute.
Schema objects that directly or indirectly reference a type and are affected by a change to it are called dependents of the type. A type can have these kinds of dependents:
How a dependent schema object is affected by a change to a type depends on the dependent object and on the nature of the change to the type.
All dependent program units, views, operators and indextypes are marked invalid when a type is modified. The next time one of these invalid schema objects is referenced, it is revalidated using the new type definition. If the object recompiles successfully, it becomes valid and can be used again. (Depending on the change to the type, function-based indexes may be dropped or disabled and need to be rebuilt.)
If a type has dependent tables, then, for each attribute added to a type, one or more internal columns are added to the table depending on the new attribute's type. New attributes are added with
NULL values. For each dropped attribute, the columns associated with that attribute are dropped. For each modified attribute, the length, precision, or scale of its associated column is changed accordingly.
These changes mainly involve updating the tables' metadata (information about a table's structure, describing its columns and their types) and can be done quickly. However, the data in those tables must be updated to the format of the new type version as well. Updating this data can be time-consuming if there is a lot of it, so the
ALTER TYPE command has options to let you choose whether to convert all dependent table data immediately or to leave it in the old format to be converted piecemeal as it is updated in the course of business.
CASCADE option for
ALTER TYPE propagates a type change to dependent types and tables (see "ALTER TYPE Options for Type Evolution").
CASCADE itself has options that let you choose whether to convert table data to the new type format as part of the propagation: the option
INCLUDING TABLE DATA converts the data; the option
NOT INCLUDING TABLE DATA does not convert it. By default, the
CASCADE option converts the data. In any case, table data is always returned in the format of the latest type version. If the table data is stored in the format of an earlier type version, Oracle converts the data to the format of the latest version before returning it, even though the format in which the data is actually stored is not changed until the data is rewritten.
You can retrieve the definition of the latest type from the system view
USER_SOURCE. You can view definitions of all versions of a type in the
The following example changes
Person_typ by adding one attribute and dropping another. The
CASCADE keyword propagates the type change to dependent types and tables, but the phrase
NOT INCLUDING TABLE DATA prevents conversion of the related data.
CREATE TYPE person_typ AS OBJECT ( first_name VARCHAR(30), last_name VARCHAR(30), age NUMBER(3)); CREATE TABLE person_tab of person_typ; INSERT INTO person_tab VALUES (person_typ ('John', 'Doe', 50)); SELECT value(p) FROM person_tab p; VALUE(P)(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE) ---------------------------------------------- PERSON_TYP('John', 'Doe', 50) ALTER TYPE person_typ ADD ATTRIBUTE (dob DATE), DROP ATTRIBUTE age CASCADE NOT INCLUDING TABLE DATA; -- The data of table person_tab has not been converted yet, but -- when the data is retrieved, Oracle returns the data based on -- the latest type version. The new attribute is initialized to NULL. SELECT value(p) FROM person_tab p; VALUE(P)(FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, DOB) ---------------------------------------------- PERSON_TYP('John', 'Doe', NULL)
SELECT statements, even though column data may be converted to the latest type version, the converted data is not written back to the column. If a certain user-defined type column in a table is retrieved often, you should consider converting that data to the latest type version to eliminate redundant data conversions. Converting is especially beneficial if the column contains a
VARRAY attribute since a
VARRAY typically takes more time to convert than an object or nested table column.
You can convert a column of data by issuing an
UPDATE statement to set the column to itself. For example:
You can convert all columns in a table by using
ALTER TABLE UPGRADE DATA.
ALTER TYPE person_typ ADD ATTRIBUTE (photo BLOB) CASCADE NOT INCLUDING TABLE DATA; ALTER TABLE dept_tab UPGRADE INCLUDING DATA;
Only structural changes to a type affect dependent data and require the data to be converted. Changes that are confined to a type's method definitions or behavior (in the type body, where the type's methods are implemented) do not.
These possible changes to a type are structural:
NOT FINALor from
These changes result in new versions of the altered type and all its dependent types and require the system to add, drop, or modify internal columns of dependent tables as part of the process of converting to the new version.
When you make any of these kinds of changes to a type that has dependent types or tables, the effects of propagating the change are not confined only to metadata but affect data storage arrangements and require the data to be converted.
Besides converting data, you may also need to make other changes. For example, if a new attribute is added to a type, and the type body invokes the type's constructor, then each constructor in the type body must be modified to specify a value for the new attribute. Similarly, if a new method is added, then the type body must be replaced to add the implementation of the new method. The type body can be modified by using the
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY statement.
Here are the steps required to make a change to a type:
Assume we have the following schema:
CREATE TYPE Person_typ AS OBJECT ( name CHAR(20), ssn CHAR(12), address VARCHAR2(100)); CREATE TYPE Person_nt IS TABLE OF Person_typ; CREATE TYPE dept_typ AS OBJECT ( mgr Person_typ, emps Person_nt); CREATE TABLE dept OF dept_typ;
ALTER TYPEstatement to alter the type.
The default behavior of an
ALTER TYPE statement without any option specified is to check if there is any object dependent on the target type. The statement aborts if any dependent object exists. Optional keywords allow cascading the type change to dependent types and tables.
In the following code, conversion of table data is deferred by adding the phrase
NOT INCLUDING TABLE DATA.
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODYto update the corresponding type body to make it current with the new type definition.
Adding a new attribute to a supertype also increases the number of attributes in all its subtypes because these inherit the new attribute. Inherited attributes always precede declared (locally defined) attributes, so adding a new attribute to a supertype causes the ordinal position of all declared attributes of any subtype to be incremented by one recursively. The mappings of the altered type must be updated to include the new attributes. OTT and JPUB do this. If you use some other tool, you must be sure that the type headers are properly synchronized with the type definition in the server; otherwise, unpredictable behavior may result.
When the system executes an
ALTER TYPE statement, it first validates the requested type change syntactically and semantically to make sure it is legal. The system performs the same validations as for a
CREATE TYPE statement plus some additional ones. For example, it checks to be sure an attribute being dropped is not used as a partitioning key. If the new spec of the target type or any of its dependent types fails the type validations, the
ALTER TYPE statement aborts. No new type version is created, and all dependent objects remain unchanged.
If dependent tables exist, further checking is done to ensure that restrictions relating to the tables and any indexes are observed. Again, if the
ALTER TYPE statement fails the check of table-related restrictions, then the type change is aborted, and no new version of the type is created.
When multiple attributes are added in a single
ALTER TYPE statement, they are added in the order specified. Multiple type changes can be specified in the same
ALTER TYPE statement, but no attribute name or method signature can be specified more than once in the statement. For example, adding and modifying the same attribute in a single


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Type:||Artigo de periódico|
|Title:||Induced biotic responses to herbivory and associated cues in the Amazonian ant-plant Maieta poeppigii|
|Abstract:||Ants inhabiting ant-plants can respond to cues of herbivory, such as the presence of herbivores, leaf damage, and plant sap, but experimental attempts to quantify the dynamic nature of biotic defenses have been restricted to a few associations between plants and ants. We studied the relationship between certain features of the ant-shrub Maieta poeppigii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) and the presence or absence of ant patrolling on the leaf surface in plants occupied by the ant Pheidole minutula Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). We also carried out field experiments to examine ant behavior following plant damage, and the potential cues that induce ant recruitment. These experiments included clipping of the leaf apex, as well as the presentation of a potential herbivore (live termite worker) and a foliar extract from Maieta on treatment leaves. The presence of ants patrolling the leaves of M. poeppigii is influenced by the number of domatia on the plant. Ant patrolling on the leaves of M. poeppigii was constant throughout a 24 h cycle, but the mean number of patrolling ants decreased from young to mature leaves, and from leaves with domatia to those without domatia. There was an overall increase in the number of ants on experimental leaves following all treatments, compared to control leaves. Visual and chemical cues associated with herbivory are involved in the induction of ant recruitment in the Maieta-Pheidole system. The continuous patrolling behavior of ants, associated with their ability to respond rapidly to foliar damage, may result in the detection and repellence/capture of most insect herbivores before they can inflict significant damage to the leaves.|
|Editor:||Blackwell Publishing Ltd|
|Appears in Collections:||Unicamp - Artigos e Outros Documentos|
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Teaching creatively and for creativity
Project start date: September 2017
This project aims to exemplify the range of creative strategies that a teacher could employ, and the extent of the creative elements of learning in science that an imaginative child might produce.
There is a wide variety of contrasting descriptions of teaching, assessing and planning creatively as well as a huge variety of ways that children develop creativity through learning. However, there is a lack of clarity around categorising different pedagogic tools that teachers can specifically adopt and hone to be creative, e.g. how to question creatively, how to assess creatively or how to explain a new idea creatively. There is also a lack of clarity that distinctly defines learning creatively, children being creative and producing an outcome that is unique.
Through exploring creativity in different forms, at different moments and in different places in science education settings, the project intends to 'capture' key comments, views and illustrations of creativity in'real' situations. This will include observation of teachers and reflective discussions with qualified scientists who were taught at the primary stage by teachers who used strategies to teach creatively and to encourage creativity in the learner.
Materials from this project, including video exemplars will be uploaded to this page as they become available.


text: im studying building systems engineering technology. yeh i know it's only a technology program at the cegep level but when i'm done with it, i'm gonna do software engineering in university. anyways i'm having trouble to understand two problems in the book. if anyone can help me with this, it would be greatly appreciated. 1) Determine the gage pressure if the atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia, the gas constant is 96 ft-lb/lb R, and the specific volume is 10 ft^3/lbm. The answer is 31.9 psig 2) 70 lbs mass of gas are contained in a rigid container at 200 psia and 80 F. The gas is then expanded to fill a 2000 ft^3 volume at a pressure pf 20 psia and a temperature of 70 F. Determine the volume of the rigid container. The answer is 203.7 ft^3. Can someone show me the steps on how they got the answer cuz i already know the answer. i just need help on how to solve the problem. for the first question, the formula is pv = mrt. we'll i know right away to find P = mRT. i would multiply 96ft-lb*700 * R (I dunno how to get that)/ Volume (I also dont know how to get that but i know it's something to do with the specific volume of 10 ft^3) for the second question, i multiplied (70)(80)/200. and from there i'm lost and dunno what to do.


be consistent about this choice from one calculation to the next.
So just as Euclid's system "doesn't care" which length we consider a unit, the complex number system "doesn't care" which root of -1 we call $i$ and which $-i$.
share|cite|improve this answer
area of a triangle -- did you mean rectangle? – sarnold Aug 1 '12 at 20:40
_USER_: Thanks, fixed. – Ben Crowell Aug 2 '12 at 3:46
You asked for an elementary explanation of the difference between i and -i. Multiplying a complex number by i rotates it by 90 degrees anti-clockwise, multiplying by -i rotates it by 90 degrees clockwise. Sure if I repeat either one twice I have rotated by 180 degrees (or multiplied by -1) but I can still distinguish one from the other.
share|cite|improve this answer
Yes there is an automorphism (a mirror reflection of the complex plane) that swaps i to -i and changes clockwise to anti-clockwise. I don't think that affects the above way to explain the difference between i and -i – Michael Smith Aug 11 '12 at 5:17
If you could only use words, and could not use physical expression, could you describe clockwise or counter-clockwise? right or left? – robjohn Aug 11 '12 at 5:49
That is an interesting question - is there an algebraic definition of orientation in the (complex) plane. For the question that was asked for an elementary explanation of difference between i and -i and I think it is reasonable to use the complex plane and the natural notions of geometry that students usually already know. Here is my attempt at describing clockwise in words - if you multiply a complex number by another complex number of length 1 that is close to 1 then if the y coordinate increases it is an anti-clockwise rotation and if it decreases it is clockwise. – Michael Smith Aug 11 '12 at 19:16
Of course, since we can arbitrarily define coordinates increasing, we're back where we started. – kinokijuf Nov 14 '13 at 8:14
Your Answer


text:
Pixley Isaka Ka Seme
Born in 1881, Pixley Isaka Ka Seme was one of South Africa's most important historical figures. He is considered to be father of black attorneys. Seme was one of the earliest black South African to study overseas and paved the way for many others in the dedication to excellence and political awareness.
Named Isaac Seme after his Zulu father, Pixley Seme grew up in Natal and attended a local American missionary school. He showed exceptional promise and eagerness to study overseas, so much so that at the age of 17, Reverend Pixley helped him gain entrance to Mount Hermon School in the US. Here he took on the name Pixley. This passion for education saw Seme go on to complete his Bachelor Of Arts degree at Columbia University and his law degree at Oxford before returning to South Africa in 1911.
Back in South Africa, he opened up a law practice in partnership with Alfred Mangena. A year later Seme, Mangena and a few others called for the meeting of black communities throughout South Africa in Bloemfontein, and started what they called South African Native National Congress (SANNC). This organisation called for black unity despite tribal racism, and was later renamed the African National Congress (ANC) in 1923.
Having become an ANC founder, Seme also launched the SANNC newspaper, Abantu Batho, which was published in Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho and English and established another group, the South African Native Farmers Association. By this time, Seme had an established law practice, and some of his clients included the royal family of Swaziland. In 1928, Colombia University awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Law (LLD). In 1951 he passed away at the age of 70.


text:
In the 1930s and '40s, the sandhill crane had nearly been wiped out. However, efforts to save it have yielded a big comeback.
More than a century ago, tens of thousands of the majestic birds graced Michigan's fields and marshes. Red heads flashing, wide wings flapping, they soared in each spring from the South and stayed through mid-December to dance and breed, filling the woodlands with their trumpeting chortles.
Then, sandhill cranes nearly disappeared from Michigan. Killed by hunters and driven away by the destruction of their habitats, the cranes' numbers plunged to just a few dozen by the 1930s and 1940s.
But in an extraordinary comeback story, Michigan's tallest bird is rebounding from extinction,...