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Universal Product Code (UPC)
What is a Universal Product Code (UPC)?
A UPC, short for universal product code, is a type of code printed on retail product packaging to aid in identifying a particular item. It consists of two parts – the machine-readable barcode, which is a series of unique black bars, and the unique 12-digit number beneath it.
The purpose of UPCs is to make it easy to identify product features, such as the brand name, item, size, and color, when an item is scanned at checkout. In fact, that's why they were created in the first place – to speed up the checkout process at grocery stores. UPCs are also helpful in tracking inventory within a store or warehouse.
To obtain a UPC for use on a product a company has to first apply to become part of the system. GS1 US, the Global Standards Organization, formerly known as the Uniform Code Council, manages the assigning of UPCs within the US.
Parts of a UPC
After paying a fee to join, GS1 assigns a 6-digit manufacturer identification number, which becomes the first six digits in the UPC on all the company's products. That number identifies the particular manufacturer of the item.
The next five digits of the UPC is called an item number. It refers to the actual product itself. Within each company is a person responsible for issuing item numbers, to ensure that the same number isn't used more than once and that old numbers referring to discontinued products are phased out.
Many consumer products have several variations, based on, for example, size, flavor, or color. Each variety requires its own item number. So a box of 24 one-inch nails has a different item number than a box of 24 two-inch nails, or a box of 50 one-inch nails.
The last digit in the 12-digit UPC is called the check digit. It is the product of several calculations – adding and multiplying several digits in the code – to confirm to the checkout scanner that the UPC is valid. If the check digit code is incorrect, the UPC won't scan properly.
Advantages of UPCs
UPCs have a number of advantages to businesses and consumers. Because they make it possible for barcode scanners to immediately identify a product and its associated price, UPCs improve speed.
They improve efficiency and productivity, by eliminating the need to manually enter product information.
They also make it possible to track inventory much more accurately than hand counting, to know when more product is needed on retail shelves or in warehouses. Or when there is an issue with a particular product and consumers who purchased it need to be alerted or a recall issued, UPCs allow products to be tracked through production to distribution to retail stores and even into consumer homes.
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The lure of a landscape
Ten miles west of Albany, rugged limestone cliffs rise more than 1,100 feet over the Hudson and Mohawk Valleys. This escarpment provides a spectacular panorama of nearby mountain ranges, the Adirondacks, Taconics, Berkshires and Greens, surrounding the cities and communities of New York's Capital Region.
Known as the Helderbergs, the escarpment's exposed limestone cliffs are rich in fossils, chronicling a half-billion years of geological history that have intrigued paleontologists and geologists from around the world for decades.
Steeped in history
The conservation centerpiece of the Helderberg Escarpment is John Boyd Thacher State Park, named for a former mayor of Albany who in 1903 began buying land in the Helderbergs to protect it from development.
Recognizing the importance of this singular landscape, we began identifying and acquiring key parcels along the escarpment in 1996 and conveying them to New York State as additions to Thacher Park. Through this work, over a period of 10 years, we have more than doubled the size of the park.
Regionally, our work includes:
- Acquiring a conservation easement on the 320-acre Indian Ladder Farms, a favorite fall destination for apple picking, cider donuts, cider and now, craft beer and hard cider
- Acquiring a conservation easement on the 318-acre Ketcham Farm, protecting a key link between Thacher and Thompson Lake State Parks
- Extending the Long Path, a 357-mile path that extends from the George Washington Bridge to the Capital District, for world-class recreation

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Potential buyers look over a home in Las Vegas, where one in five people moved locally during the recession. / Steve Marcus for USA TODAY
The Great Recession has upended the American tradition of moving to greener pastures. Instead of moving to a bigger home or for a higher-paying job, more Americans moved because they can't afford to stay where they are.
During the 2007-09 recession, 9% of Americans - about 4 million - moved locally, the highest level in a decade. And a growing number moved to cheaper housing or doubled up with family and friends, according to an analysis out Wednesday of Census data through 2010.
By contrast, moves across county and state lines declined.
People moved the most in metropolitan areas with the highest unemployment and highest foreclosure rates, particularly in hard-hit parts of the Sun Belt, shows research by US2010, a project funded by the Russell Sage Foundation and Brown University that examines changes in American society.
In Las Vegas, for example, one in five people moved locally during the recession.
"Typically, over the last couple of decades, when Americans moved, they moved to improve their lives," says Michael Stoll, author of the research and chairman of UCLA's public policy department. "This is the shock: For the first time, Americans are moving for downward economic mobility. Either they lost their house or can't afford where they're renting currently or needed to save money.
At the peak of the recession, falling fortunes was a prime reason for moving. Before the economy tanked, 41.3% moved locally to own a home or settle in a better neighborhood. During the recession, only 30.4% moved for those reasons. By contrast, more than 23% moved for cheaper housing during the recession, up from 20.8% before the bad times.
The theme song of The Jeffersons, a hit TV show in the 1970s about a black family that makes it big in the dry cleaning business and moves from Queens to Manhattan's East Side, is aptly titled Movin' On Up.
Yet this economic downturn has taken a disproportionate toll on the upward mobility of African Americans, the research shows.
"Most distressing is the evidence that black residents have been particularly affected by this trend - more likely to be pushed into a short-distance move by these economic conditions," Stoll says. "Blacks may have had less savings, fewer family members who could contribute, onerous debt from refinancing or subprime mortgages or greater expenses."
Unemployment and foreclosure rates are higher among blacks than whites.
"It's going to be years before (blacks) return to their pre-recession trajectory," says Roderick Harrison, a demographer at Howard University in Washington, D.C. "It's going to take a job, probably several months or years working at that job to maybe return to their own apartment or to get back into home ownership."
Copyright 2013 USATODAY.com
Read the original story: More Americans on the move are moving on down, not up

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Oyster Farm
Oyster clusters are raised on wires, known as "strings", submerged into Drakes Estero.
Drake's Bay Oyster Company's growing area has the finest water quality of any growing area in the state of California, period. These waters contain the only approved growing waters in the state of California. This approved growing area is the only one in the state that is never closed due to potential pathogen spikes following rainfall events. Decades of water sampling have proven this is one of the safest shellfish growing waters on the North American Continent. A deep-water upwelling just off the coast of Drakes Bay provides cool, nutrientrich water year-round to Drake's Estero. This clean, nutrient-rich water produces what are recognized as some of the finest oysters in the world.
In California, Drake's Bay Oyster Company is the only commercial oyster producer that performs its own remote seed setting. Remote setting allows the company to produce its own oyster seed (baby oysters) on site.
Farm worker moving the day's catch to shore.
Currently, the shellfish species produced in the Drake's Estero include Pacific Oysters and Manila Clams. These shellfish continue to be produced as "singles" and are sold live in-shell as well as shucked and packed in various sized containers.
The water temperature of Drakes Estero is too cold for the non-native oysters to spawn on their own, so they must be seeded by hand, eliminating the risk of unintended invasion.
The Drakes Bay Oyster Farm produces its own shellfish seed by performing remote setting on-farm. This advanced hatchery technique allows the farm to curtail the purchasing of seed (small shellfish) from producers in other waters and thus the risk of introduction of other contaminates and non-native species.


CanAg® CA19-9 EIA
The CanAg CA19-9 EIA is based on a mouse monoclonal antibody, C192, highly specific for the sialyl Lewisa epitope, also known as CA19-9 antigen1.
In adults, the epitope is typically expressed in trace amounts on mucosal cells of gastrointestinal epithelia. In patients with malignant disease, the epitope may appear associated with high molecular weight mucin in blood. Assays for CA19-9 are frequently used to monitor gastrointestinal malignancies such as pancreatic, gall bladder, gastric, and colorectal cancers2, 3.
 1. Rye P. D. et al., (1998) Summary report on the ISOBM TD-6 workshop: Analysis of 20 monoclonal antibodies against Sialyl Lewisa and related antigens. Montreaux, Switzerland; September 19-24 1997. Tumor Biol. 19:390-420.
 2. Eskelinen M., and Haglund U. (1999) Developments in serologic detection of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol. 34: 833-844.
 3. Hammarström S., and Stigbrand T. (2002) Gastric Cancer. In "Tumor markers, Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology and Clinical Applications" Eds. Diamandis E. P. et al., AACC Press, Washington pp 375-379.
CE marked
CanAg CA19-9 EIA
Product number 120-10
For 96 determinations
Contact sales for information and inquiries
 - Product inquiry


Graphical representation
An impressive javascript library three.js is used for graphical representation of the orientation data. This library aims to provide 3D graphics in a browser. Most of the functionality was extracted to orientation.js module. It contains functions to initialize the drawing canvas (createCanvas), create objects (createCube), transformations to achieve rotation around world axes (setObjectQuaternion) and extracting device's orientation data (calculateEulerOrientationForDevice). The canvas is then attached to the DOM (the empty div in index.handlebars) mentioned earlier in indexController's handleWebSocketReceivedMessage function.
Calls to Device.update() function then dynamically update the rotation of the displayed object by using Orientation.setObjectQuaternion() function.
The maing WebGL and Three.js objects are
 - renderer - renders the scene using camera
 - camera - defines the view of the scene
 - scene - all displayed objects must be added to scene
Render is using a render function to update the canvas with the latest changes.
 var render = function () {
 renderer.render(scene, createCamera());
We are using a simple cube/box object which is instantiated using the THREE.BoxGeometry class. But it is not enough for displaying it in the scene. We have to specify the object material. We chose one of the simplest materials to display boxes with only one colour. For our demo purpose is the box a very nice representation of mobile device (mobile,phone,tablet). The selected colour is passed to the material constructor and our object can be appended to the scene.
 var scene = new THREE.Scene();
 renderer.setSize(600, 300);
 renderer.shadowMapEnabled = true;
 cube.receiveShadow = true;
 // add subtle blue ambient lighting
 var ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x000044);
 // directional lighting
 var directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff);
The 3d object is very nice but if we use only one color for all faces it doesn't look so good. The 3d objects becomes flat. Because of that we added 2 different lights to the scene with different colors and positions. It causes color changes on the faces which thank looks much more plastic. Unfortunately it slightly changes the resulting color so it is not so easy to identify the proper device.
In conclusion, notice what the template achieves. Play is not just a server providing resources on endpoints. It acts as a server and router for messages which can also apply transformations on them. It would also be possible to cooperate with other services and applications. All in a reactive way. Where else can Play and web sockets (or even different protocol) be used? How difficult would it be for example to create a 2d, isometric projection or even a 3d racing game using the Play server we already have? Wouldn't it be achievable by just changing the javascript front end? Or a message queue? Or an enterprise service bus?
We know that tests are very important part of the application. This is only a demo with only small amount of code but still we included at least tests for the util package in the play backend. Because only with tests you can build applications which can satisfy the Reactive manifesto.
Can we do better? There is always space for improvements.
 - Update the Play plugin for EmberJS to support the latest versions of JQuery and Bootstrap.
 - Detection if the browser supports required technologies eg. Orientation API and WebGL.
 - Better handling of WebSockets to ensure reliable connection and auto-reconnects.
 - Notification if the server is up and running.


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Science Lower MS Bio
Lower Middle School Biology for the Logic Stage leads 5th and 6th grade students through a study of plants, animal life, and the human body by digging deeper into fundamental concepts before high school. Biology for the Logic Stage Student Guide includes all student assignment sheets, sketches, experiment sheets and blank report pages that they will need to complete the year. Each of the student assignment sheets contains the weekly topic, sketch assignment, experiment directions, report options, dates to enter, and memory work.
* Prerequisites: None
* This course includes an optional learning experience.


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There is often much talk about racial discrimination without much evidence to back up the assertations, however a recent study in Ireland supplies some powerful proof. The researchers have discovered that a black African immigrant is over 4 times likely to be unemployed than a white Irish native adult.
The study was published by the ESRI and the Equality Authority which has used the study to call for renewed efforts in promoting equality in the country. Some of the responses are quite startling for example black Africans suggest they are seven times more likely to experience some sort of discrimination during the process of job hunting.
The problem doesn't seem to be limited to the specific group from Africa though, many ethnic minorities seem to suffer similar problems. Overall they reported that they were four times more likely to suffer discrimination during job hunting too. There seems to be a serious problem in integrating minorities into Irish society.
They are surprising results but in some ways Ireland has perhaps not put in as much effort into legislation and processes to protect the rights of minorities in a practical way. There is a lot of data to support the existence of these issues however solving them does need some concerted effort.
There is perhaps some solutions to be found in the methods of dealing with asylum seekers. There was recently a Panorama study on how in the UK, asylum seekers were forced to rely on benefits which created isolation and a dependency culture. It was quite an eye opener, you can still catch the show on Panaorma although from Ireland you'll need a proxy to access Iplayer abroad from outside the UK.
The figures really speak for themselves and it's difficult to deny that some discrimination must be taking place. It is likely that much of this is made worse by the recession and overall harsh economic climate. However it is important that the issue is addressed and resolved in any case.


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Oracle® Fusion Middleware Administrator's Guide for Oracle Adaptive Access Manager
Release 11g (11.1.1)
Part Number E14568-06
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H Device Fingerprinting
Oracle Adaptive Access Manager contains proprietary clientless technologies for fingerprinting and interrogating devices used during access requests and transactions. Device fingerprinting is a mechanism to recognize the devices a customer uses whether it is a desktop computer, laptop computer or other web-enabled device. This appendix contains details about device fingerprinting.
H.1 What is Device Fingerprinting
Each time the user accesses the system, information about the device is collected. OAAM generates a unique single-use fingerprint and marks a device for each user session. It is replaced upon each subsequent fingerprinting process with another unique fingerprint.
H.2 When is a Device Fingerprinted
The fingerprinting process can be run any number of times during a user session to allow detection of changes mid-session that can indicate session hijacking. OAAM monitors a comprehensive list of device attributes. If any attributes are not available the device can still be fingerprinted. The single-use capabilities combined with server-side logic defends against the fingerprint being stolen and reused on another machine to commit fraud.
H.3 Device Fingerprint Attributes
Device fingerprinting collects information about the device such as browser type, browser headers, operating system type, locale, and so on. The fingerprint details can help in identifying a device, check whether it is secure, and determine the risk level for the authentication or transaction.
H.3.1 IP Intelligence
IP Information is one of the attributes of device fingerprinting and collected to generate the location fingerprint.
If IP address is changed, Oracle Adaptive Access Manager still has other information to use in identifying the machine.
Each feature standing on its own is not sufficient to secure the session; it is the combination of device fingerprint, IP, location, time, behavioral analysis, behavioral analysis as it relates to past behavior, and so on.
Some of the attributes collected to generate the location fingerprint are listed below:
Table H-1 IP Details
IP Details Description
IP Address
Address mapped to location
City Name
Geographic name of the city.
State Name
Geographic name of the state.
Country Name
Geographic name of the country.
Connection Speed
Internet connection speeds or bandwidths (high, medium, low).
Connection Type
Describes the data connection between the device or LAN and the internet. See the Connection Type mapping.
Routing Type
Tells how the user is routed to the internet.
The name of the entity that manages the ASN entry.
Globally unique number assigned to a network or group of networks that is managed by a single entity.
Top-level Domain
The top-level domain of the URL. For example,.com in This is mapped through the Quova reference file.
Second-level Domain
The second-level domain of the URL. For example, Name in This is mapped through the Quova reference file.
City Confidence Factor
The confidence factor (1-99) that the correct city has been identified.
State Confidence Factor
The confidence factor (1-99) that the correct state has been identified.
Country Confidence Factor
The confidence factor (1-99) that the correct country has been identified.
H.3.2 Browser Characteristics
Browser fingerprinting gathers information that include the browser type used, plug-ins installed, system fonts, and the configuration and version information from the operating system, and whether or not the computer accepts cookies.
H.3.3 Device Characteristics
Flash fingerprinting is similar to browser fingerprinting but a flash movie is used by the server to set or retrieve a cookie from the user's machine so a specific set of information is collected from the browser and from flash. The flash fingerprint is only information if flash is installed on the client machine.


1.) Design electrical networks thatbehave according to the following transfer functions:
a.) Vo(s) / Vi(s) = s /(s+1000)
b.) Vo(s) / Vi(s) = 1000 / s2 +200s +10000
Let the networks include a capacitance of 19F. Show the circuitdiagrams. Also identify for all cases as low-pass or high-passfilters, with their respective bandwidth.
2.) For thecircuits RLC ; R =32, L = 4H, C =.01F,determine:
A) Transfer functionVL(s)/I(s).
B) Show the pole-zero map.
C) Find the response VL(t) if I(t) =u(t).
Expert Answer
No answer yet. Submit this
question to the community.


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When characterizing materials such as Metals and Plastics in LS-DYNA, most constitutive models provide a yield criteria that accounts for a 3D state of stress which reduces to a uniaxial yield stress in 1D. This allows us to directly input the true stress-strain curve from a one-dimensional state of stress testing such as in uniaxial testing which then can be used for any 3D problems. One important consideration in the usage of such one-dimensional testing data is the phenomenon called necking which occurs in both Metals and Plastics. It is well known that post-necking stress state is no longer uni-axial but is a 3D state of stress. This limits us to use uniaxial information only upto necking and use some sort of iterative process to characterize the post-necking behavior. The first task therefore is to identify the necking point on a uni-axial true stress-strain curve. This is done by plotting the true stress-strain curve against its derivative. The intersection point of these curves is the necking point. When this curve overlay is done using the raw test data, which is sampled at a high frequency, the derivative may be extremely noisy and this may provide multiple intersection points. A sample of such noisy overlay is shown here:
To overcome this, it is usually recommended to digitize the raw curve using anywhere from 10-100 equi-distant points which provides a very smooth derivative of the true-stress-strain curve ensuring a unique point of intersection (necking point). A digitized curve using the raw test data is shown here.


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A Warm and Dry May
May 2007 Climate Summary
New Jersey State Climatologist
Center for Environmental Prediction, Cook College/NJAES, Rutgers University
June 3, 2007
The record wet conditions of April were only a memory this past May. Dry weather enveloped the Garden State, where, on average, only 1.55" of precipitation fell. This totals some 2.75" below the 4.30" average. May 2007 went into the record books as the 11th driest since 1895, and the most parched since 1993. The driest was in 1903, when the state wide average was 0.53". Early in the month surface conditions quickly dried, to the point where 17,000 acres of the Pinelands went up in flames, primarily on the 15th and 16th (click here for MODIS satellite image from 2:25 PM on May 16 of smoke from the Pinelands fire, courtesy of NASA). Ground water levels and the discharge of rivers continued to diminish throughout the month, while the rains of April helped to keep the capacities of our reservoirs close to average as we enter the three warmest and most water consumptive months of the year.
Warm temperatures accompanied the dry conditions. The statewide May temperature averaged 62.9°, which is 2.3° above the long term 60.6°. This was the 15th warmest May on record, and the mildest since 2004 (which was the warmest of the past 113). Temperatures were above average on 20 days, average on one and below average on 10 (as observed at both Newark and Atlantic City airports). The dry conditions helped contribute to some large swings in temperature. For instance, at one or more locations temperatures fell below freezing on 7 mornings during the month, while afternoon maximums topped out at 90 or above on 4 other days. The coldest morning readings were in the northwest valleys and in the sandy Pinelands, while the warmest afternoons were in the piedmont and inner coastal plain. On the 30th, the Walpack SafetyNet station rose from a morning low of 39° to an afternoon high of 88°, by NJ standards an unusually wide 49° diurnal temperature range.
It wouldn't be May in New Jersey without the thermal impact of the still cool ocean on local temperature. For instance, while afternoon temperatures reached 80 or above at High Point on 7 days, Harvey Cedars on Long Beach Island reached 80 for the first time on the 31st.
Looking ahead toward the summer months, the National Weather Service's June-August outlook has a slight chance of temperatures leaning toward the warmer than normal side, with equal chances of rainfall being above, close to or below normal. Looking ahead to the July-September outlook, they keep the warmth and increase the probability of precipitation running above average. The latter may be the result of the National Hurricane Center's outlook for an active tropical season. However it must be emphasized that skillful long range outlooks are difficult to make for New Jersey, especially during the summer. Also, the Hurricane Center does not project where storms may head. Thus while it is important that everyone living or vacationing in NJ must make a point to be hurricane aware, there are no predictions for tropical systems to directly strike the state this coming summer.
Past Climate Summaries


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Q1. How is Resource Sharing done among Processes?
Ans. In general, a process will need certain resources (CPU time, memory, files, I/O devices) to accomplish its task. When a process creates a subprocess, that subprocess may be able to obtain its resources directly from the operating system, or it may be constrained to a subset of the resources among its children, or it may be able to share some resources (such as memory or files) among several of its children. Restricting a child process to a subset of the parent's resources prevents any process from overloading the system by creating too many subprocesses.


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To configure Web resource authentication in the BA Server to correspond with your user roles, follow the below instructions.
Note: These instructions are valid across all security DAOs.
- Ensure that the BA Server is not currently running; if it is, run the stop-pentaho script.
- Open a terminal or command prompt window and navigate to the.../pentaho-solutions/system/ directory.
- Edit the applicationContext-spring-security.xml file with a text editor.
- Find and examine the following property:
- Modify the regex patterns to include your roles. The objectDefinitionSource property associates URL patterns with roles. RoleVoter specifies that if any role on the right hand side of the equals sign is granted to the user, the user may view any page that matches that URL pattern. The default roles in this file are not required; you can replace, delete, or change them in any way that suits you.
You should now have coarse-grained permissions established for user roles.


Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
What is BYOD?
Bring your own device (BYOD) is a policy that allows students to bringing personally owned mobile devices onto the campus to access privileged LMU resources such as email, file servers and databases as well as their personal applications and data.
LMU Approach
In order to maintain full compliance with the LMU Network Policy, the LMU I.T. Department is rolling out a new Network Access Control Appliance (NAC). The NAC requires each user to register each device and bring that device into compliance before being granted network access.
What Devices Are Supported?
 1. Apple Devices
 1. iPhone 3GS or newer
 2. iPad - All models (WiFi only and Cellular)
 (iOS 5.0 or newer is recommended for any Apple Device)
 2. Android Devices
 1. Android devices running version 2.2 or later
LMU IS Responsibilities
Each student will be responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of his or her own device. The IS department will assist students with basic software configuration and connectivity issues only. Additionally, students who purchase Lenovo computers through the Student Purchase Option below will be entitled to basic hardware support of their Lenovo PCs as long as the PC still has an active warranty and the student is still actively enrolled in LMU. Students who purchase Apple computers from the Student Purchase Option and students who purchase their PC from any other vendor will not receive any hardware support.
Student Purchase Option
Minimum System Requirements
Software Requirements


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The upper left corner of pages of a standard YetaWF site displays an icon which allows switching between Site Edit Mode and Site View Mode (using the Page Edit Mode Selector Module).
Only authorized users can switch to Site Edit Mode, which allows to edit modules and their settings. Once in Site Edit Mode, additional module icons and actions are available and all available panes are visible.
In Site Edit Mode, many modules render differently than in Site View Mode. In this example, the Text Module allows editing its contents using CKEdit (a full featured editor).
Additional actions are available for most modules displayed along the bottom of the module.
When the mouse cursor hovers over a module in Site Edit Mode, the background color of the module changes so the module's dimensions are easily identifiable.
When the mouse cursor hovers in the upper left corner of a module, the Module Menu is opened, providing access to the module's actions along with additional actions to move the module to another pane or within the pane.
The available actions are module specific. Depending on where the module is located Move To and Move menu entries are available, which can be used to move the module to another pane or move the module within the pane.
Most modules offer Module Settings which display a list of properties for module customization.
If a module stores some form of data, exporting module data to a ZIP file is provided using the Export Module menu entry. Exported module data can then be imported using Control Panel, Import Module tab, which creates a new module. This is an easy way to make a duplicate of a module so the copy can be modified.
The Localization Resource action displays and manages localization resources for the package implementing the module. It is used to translate all strings and resources used by a package into another language. For more information see National Language Support.


Question: Is Cash Safe In A Recession?
What happens to your money in the bank during a recession?
Where should I put money in a recession?
Investors typically flock to fixed-income investments (such as bonds) or dividend-yielding investments (such as dividend stocks) during recessions because they offer routine cash payments.
However, they are low risk, so it makes sense to take one out if you want to protect your money from a coming recession. Talk to your bank and ask if they provide money market accounts. You may want to take a chunk of money from your savings or checking and put it into a money market account.
Is cash king in a recession?
How do you keep money safe in a recession?
How do you get rich in a recession?
Who benefits from a recession?
Should you buy a house during a recession?
The experts agree that buying a house during a recession can result in scoring a great value on a home that may have been out of reach during better economic times. But if you want to buy during a recession, you need to have: Stable employment. Plenty of savings.
What sells during a recession?
Any item that falls under the consumer staples umbrella is generally a lot safer to sell during a recession….1. Consumer staplesBeverages.Food and staples retailing.Food products.Household products.Personal products.Tobacco.


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Project: PWD and Recreation Division
This project was the final for JOUR-272 during the winter term of my junior year. It was exciting to learn more about the role these two parts of the government play in keeping the City of Galesburg clean.
Please view my stories and videos to gain a better understanding on what the Public Works Department and the Recreation Division do to get ready for the spring while fighting budget issues due to the economic downturn.
- Story One: Keeping The City Working Despite Shrinking Budgets
- Story Two: Understanding Differences Between Two Similar Departments
- Story Three: More Than 30 Years at the Parks Department
- Blog Post: Learning About an Under-Noticed Area of Government


Kitchen Table Economics
Federalism: Laboratories of Democracy
Recent reports reveal that a growing number of Californians are fed up with the state's high taxes and bad policy. These disaffected Californians are now fleeing to states with low taxes, affordable housing, and friendlier business environments—among other attractive factors.
Similar stories are playing out in other states, including New York and Illinois. This shows why federalism is important.
Federalism is the framework that gives states the opportunity to enact their own policies regardless of others. This framework is often referred to as "laboratories of democracy." This means states can try new social and economic experiments without bringing risk or harm to the rest of the country.
In this grand experiment, some states will enact good policies while others will enact bad ones. This should be viewed as a valuable learning experience that helps all states improve while discovering which policies are best—and which are best avoided.
This also safeguards against onerous policies imposed by the federal government—keeping many governing decisions at the local or state level.
By putting this check on federal power and allowing more local governments to investigate differing policy paths, we are all the stronger for it.


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Napoleon's biographers often note his fondness for theatre, but as we approach the bicentenary of the Emperor's death, little remains known about the nature of theatre at the time. This is particularly the case for tragedy, the genre in which France considered itself to surpass its neighbours.
Based on extensive archival research, this first sustained study of tragedy under Napoleon examines how a variety of agents used tragedy and its rewriting of history to make an impact on French politics, culture and society, and to help reconstruct the French nation after the Revolution. This volume covers not just Napoleon's efforts, but also those of other individuals in government, the theatrical world, and the wider population. Similarly, it uncovers a public demand for tragedy, be it the return of Corneille, Racine, and Voltaire to the Comédie-Française, or new hits like Les Templiers (1805) and Hector (1809).
This research also sheds new light on Napoleonic propaganda and censorship, exposing their incoherencies and illustrating how audiences reacted to these processes. In short, Tragedy and Nation in the Age of Napoleon argues that Napoleonic tragedy was not simply tired and derivative; it engaged its audiences, by chomping at the poetic bit, allowing for a retrial of the Revolution, and offering a vision of the new French nation.


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Ten years ago, Alexis and Gillies Robertson began raising sheep, chickens, and pigs on a small piece of land in the Capay Valley. They have since moved to the Northern California community of Edgewood and expanded onto a 50-acre free-range ranch. This move marked a junction in the road for the farmers. They're growing their business in a new community while also recommitting to ecosystem rehabilitation on a new piece of land.
As a husband and wife team, Alexis and Gillies sit at the nexus of land management, growing food, and conservation. They're continuously strategizing ways to create a more successful business without compromising the environmental conservation values that make Skyelark Ranch stand out among the rest.
CHALLENGES AND OBSTACLES OVERCOME
From the beginning, Alexis and Gillies have encountered a synergy of challenges in running a business that is aimed at sustainably producing quality food. They have needed to devise the best strategy for addressing these different challenges all while working towards earning a profit. The biggest lesson they have learned from their first 10 years of farming is the importance of being patient and allowing the business to grow slowly. "Rome wasn't built in a day," says Gillies, "We are realizing these things take time."
Raising animals on pasture requires a lot of land and a constant supply of water for irrigation during the dry months. It has been a major challenge for Alexis and Gillies to consistently have adequate access to irrigated rangeland at the right time and place. They have addressed this challenge by networking with their surrounding neighbors to gain access to additional pasture on adjacent properties and a continuous water supply from Bowles Creek. Gillies describes the relationship with their neighbors as a win-win situation because the areas that are grazed by sheep get a boost in fertility–the sheep do a good job as nature's tool for nutrient cycling. "One neighbor was really excited about the potatoes he got from the recent growing season after our sheep had grazed on his farm," he remarks.
In California, sustainable agriculture depends on climate-smart land management practices. Alexis and Gillies have been pursuing the best possible land management decisions for their farm based on the needs of the ecosystem where they are farming. Since moving from the Capay Valley to Edgewood, they have had greater options for using the land and resources around them in more environmentally sound ways. The main reason for this is the water supply coming from the foothills of Mount Shasta, which gives them the option of irrigating their pastures for their animals to graze without the consequence of taking water that is needed elsewhere.
IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT
Running a viable farm business can entail using government funding and programs. California's Healthy Soils Program represents one such source of funds for statewide farmers. Alexis and Gillies understand how critical it is to have the right kind of network and business savvy to practice climate-smart agriculture: "It's not just about the agricultural practices, it's also about running a business," says Alexis. And small businesses like Skyelark are much more likely to remain successful in the long-term when they are supported by both government and non-government programs. The Healthy Soils Program, for example, has helped Alexis and Gillies plan for the long-term grazing rotations of their animals by providing them funding for a cover crop on parts of their land. This cover crop will feed the pigs while also keeping the ground covered, helping the soil retain nutrients and carbon. These small contributions all add up, supporting Alexis and Gillies in fulfilling their larger commitment to sustainable land management.
Adjacent to Skyelark Ranch is Bowles Creek. Alexis and Gillies have riparian rights to this water on certain parts of their 50-acre farm. Using flood irrigation allows them to grow green grass for more months out of the year, which benefits the animals that roam these pastures. These green pastures provide the chickens and sheep with a healthy, well rounded diet that also contributes to the quality of their meat.
Coming from a soil sciences background, Alexis explains why grazing on green pasture is also better for the environment in terms of climate adaptation: "You are able to bring more carbon from the atmosphere into the roots when the grasses are growing longer. They have a longer lifespan when they are grazed and allowed to rest, recover, and then be regrazed". This system also allows native plants and perennials to thrive throughout the pastures and continually sequester carbon. In addition to promoting healthy grasses, the sheep help remove unwanted weeds such as starthistle, blackberry, and poison hemlock while returning a good deal of nutrients to the soil through their manure.
Since farming and ranching are long-term endeavors, maintaining a mindset of conservation can make a significant difference to a farm's ecosystem. This is why Alexis and Gillies are investing right now in the quality of their land through the use of perennials and cover cropping to build soil health. In years to come, they will be able to reap the rewards of their hard work and investments, enjoying the benefits of a sustainable ranching operation that is rooted in a thriving ecosystem.


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Campaign against the Ecopop initiative
Enigma the communication agency has been mandated by various institutions to elaborate a campaign against the Ecopop initiative.
The initiative Ecopop, on which the Swiss people voted on 30 November 2014, required a punchy campaign, because its content was shocking.
The initiative claimed to preserve Switzerland's natural resources; its actual aim was to address the country's natural population growth. It proposed to reduce Switzerland's immigration limit to 0.2 percent, or 16,000 people per year (this number would be insufficient to cover the economic needs of the small Jura region). This initiative wanted to return to the population density of the 1930s. Action had to be taken against the underlying racist ideology masquerading under the guise of ecological concern. With its cute and attractive name, this initiative could seduce a large part of the population.
All political parties officially opposed the initiative, and the number of proponents appeared small, but we desperately needed to avoid the "David v. Goliath" effect: a media campaign against the initiative could serve to make it look attractive. Its negative effects needed to be immediately apparent, and its seductive spell had to be broken. We couldn't let the initiators speak directly, nor could our campaign become a forum for those favoring the initiative. We really had to use all possible means to highlight the ridiculous nature of this proposal.
In order to raise maximum awareness among voters, we decided to maximize discussion forums, since the Zero Moment of Truth is different for each person. We created a billboard campaign, advertisements in the press, content amplification, and a number of online videos.
We ran a 2-step billboard campaign.
This began with a teaser, which showed shocking texts without naming a purpose or a source.
The texts were directly inspired by the initiative, and showed its significant and negative impact on the economy, the population, and Switzerland in general.
In order to reveal the initiative's real aims, the following texts were used:
- a text showing the initiative's deeply racist agenda
- a text showing its extreme economic impracticality
- a text showing its impossible demographic implementation
The campaign's second step acted as a revealer: it unmasked the initiative's identity and exposed its scope and ridicule.
We added the following baseline: «If this were a joke, it would be bad enough.» Without mocking it directly, we emphasized the ridiculous nature of the text, and the gravity of the initiative.
To further show the absurd and deceptive nature of the initiative, we used an old-fashion design that echoed multiple references, among them charlatanism and 1950s ad design (since the initiative referred to 1950s-erapopulation). The design referenced charlatans that promised the earth and were entirely disconnected from reality. Such people caused more problems than they solved. We thus revealed the gravity of the initiative from a different perspective.
We wrote an article posted on the FER website (Federation of Enterprises from Western Switzerland), that gave five reasons to vote against Ecopop. Headlines and images were A/B tested in order to optimize the click rate. With an amplification system that offered the article on three major online news outlets, we redirected new readers to this article and provided them a fresh perspective on the initiative.
We showed how the Swiss political scene was united against this initiative with videos of individual politicians, such as Pierre Maudet, Robert Cramer, and Céline Amaudruz.
We made their statement more dynamic and didactic by limiting it to thirty seconds. The videos were broadcasted on YouTube, and explained the real and serious consequences of the initiative for Switzerland. Robert Cramer offered an ecological perspective, Pierre Maudet an economic one, and Céline Amaudruz voiced the UDC party's perspective.
On 30 November 2014, the initiative was rejected by more than 74 percent of voters in Switzerland and almost at 79% in Geneva. YouTube videos totaled more than 215,000 views within one month, and debates were very animated on the platform.
Without giving a public forum to the initiators, and by multiplying the arguments against this proposal, we managed to send the message that resulted in a substantial victory for the "no" campaign.


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The launch of a new GVP website is scheduled for Monday, May 20, 2013.
|Subregion Name:||Kuril Islands|
|Last Known Eruption:||1924|
|Summit Elevation:||551 m||1,808 feet|
|A low, 551-m-high truncated volcano forms the small barren Raikoke Island, which lies 16 km across the Golovnin Strait from Matua Island in the central Kuriles. The oval-shaped basaltic island is only 2 x 2.5 km wide and rises above a submarine terrace with a depth of 130 m. The steep-walled crater, highest on the SE side, is 700 m wide and 200 m deep. Lava flows mantle the eastern side of the island. A catastrophic eruption of Raikoke in 1778 during which the upper third of the island was said to have been destroyed prompted the first volcanological investigation in the Kuril Islands two years later. Reports of eruptions in 1777 and 1780 are erroneous (Gorshkov, 1970). Another powerful eruption in 1924 greatly deepened the crater and changed the outline of the island.|


Family Law
A Guide On The Importance Of Family Law And The Family Lawyers
What legal practices are considered Family Law Services?
Family law is formally recognised as the legal practices that are based around issues formed in families. Anything surrounding families where legal problems could arise is what family law is made of. Focusing on the issues directly surrounding families helps to create specialised lawyers.
Types of Family law
There are many subsets within the family law discipline, but the most common types you will know of are divorce, adoption and child custody. The lesser-known ones are marriage cases and more like property applications and de-facto relationships.
Why is family law important?
Family law is usually involved in situations where emotions are running high – it brings order and stability to situations that can be sometimes distressing. It helps create a more business and logical approach to a situation in the cases of divorces and others. Family law also works to finalise the information in exciting cases like adoption
What are the elements of family law?
The elements of family law refer to the reasons that one would do such a thing and how it is dealt with. Elements are different in certain areas like reasons why someone would choose to divorce. Others include the amount a person needs to pay for child support. These elements are important parts of family law as they can help build a ground base.
What are the benefits of having a Family lawyer?
There are notable benefits of having one of the best family lawyers Perth. Some of these are the reduced stress that comes with having one help in a case. Other benefits like improving the best-case outcome or helping you build your case is a good reason to look into getting a family lawyer Perth.
The Importance of a good divorce lawyer
Divorces can be a messy time with emotions running high and so many decisions needing to be made. A divorce lawyer has knowledge surrounding the legal parts of a divorce and will make logical decisions to help give you a good ending. By helping with paperwork and offering suggestions on what to do, having a good divorce lawyer means a lot.
Why would you need a Family lawyer?
A family lawyer in Perth offers what you might not be able to accomplish. They usually think in a logical manner and take appropriate measures to help you. You need one of the best family lawyers Perth because almost everyone in their life has had to face a family law scenario and you might not be any different. So, having someone that knows the in and out while being calm headed is almost a requirement.
What does a Family lawyer do?
A family lawyer can offer very useful information and even more. At a very basic amount, they will help you deal with the paperwork and give advice to you. If you need to do more, family lawyers Perth can help to settle the problem outside of court. A family lawyer can even represent you in court or for a mediation.
What does Family law involve?
Family law involves all the examples stated above but can branch out into more serious family scenarios. Examples of these are a child or partner domestic abuse. It involves scenarios regarding families that will require legal action.
When do you need a Family Lawyer?
You need a family lawyer when the issue cannot be resolved outside the court and it might require court action. You would most likely not know about family law rules and how to act in a court let alone have full control over your emotions. That is when you need a family lawyer.


Let's Read Math -- "A Quarter From The Tooth Fairy"
Saturday, January 26 | 10 - 11:30 am | 1 - 2:30 pm | Malletts Creek | Grades 1 - 3
The American Association of University Women (AAUW) presents a classic story followed by a related math session with hands-on activities and a variety of materials. This event is for Grades 1 - 3 accompanied by an adult. You're welcome to come to either the morning session from 10 - 11:30 am or the afternoon session from 1:00 - 2:30 pm. There is no registration for this event.
"A Quarter From The Tooth Fairy," by Caren Holtzman, is a story about a boy who buys things and then returns them. Each time he gets money back, he gets a different combination of coins totaling 25 cents. Learn about the value of different coins and adding money.
Also, check out these books on money and counting.
sounds great for the kids


Pembrolizumab – immunotherapy for gastric cancer
After encouraging results in treating melanoma, lung and kidney, immunotherapy enters the realm of gastric malignancies.
The FDA has approved Pembrolizumab, (Keytruda) by Merk, for use as a third-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastro-oesophageal junction that express programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1).
Immunotherapy tries to elicit the mechanisms how cancer cells can hide from the immune system. It aims to help our immune system in recognising a tumour and facilitating the natural immune response that is believed to be more efficient than any drug could ever be.
What is PD-L1
PD-L1 is a molecule that can be found on cancer cells, it binds with PD-1, a receptor present on T cells and therefore plays a role in immune regulation. When the two molecules bind they transmit an inhibitory signal that reduces the proliferation of T cells or even causes their death; in other words, PD-L1 tells the immune system not to bother attacking it.
How does Pembrolizumab work?
The concept of PD-L1 inhibitors is to block this molecule and thus prevent it from binding to the T cells. In other words, blocking the inhibitory effect in order achieve activation of the immune response.
The results so far
Taking into account that this is treating a third-line gastric cancer, the figures for 6- and 12-month duration of response are not mind blowing but show some promising features. Larger numbers will help to get a clearer picture in the future.
Immunotherapy in solid tumours is always going to be harder to achieve, especially in the advanced stages. It will be interesting to see what results can be reached when using PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with other treatments and also how it will fare as an early treatment.
Published by oliver
When it comes to medical content, Oliver writes with an in-depth understanding of physiological, pathological and pharmacological concepts. He knows how clinical reasoning is applied and is experienced in accentuating his articles towards the reader.
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James Pickett focuses on empire and Islam as entangled sources of authority, with particular attention to historical memory and state formation. His first book, Polymaths of Islam: Power and Networks of Knowledge in Central Asia, was published by Cornell University Press in 2020. A second book project will compare Bukhara's transformation into a Russian protectorate with the Indian princely state of Hyderabad's parallel trajectory into semi-colonial status. James has also published articles about the Soviet legacy of the Persian cultural sphere and modern language politics in relation to pedagogy. Most recently, he completed a synthetic Cambridge History chapter on Persianate migration, building on a contribution to the Asia Inside Out collected volume. In pursuing these endeavors, James has spent over half a decade living and working throughout Eurasia: scouring Arabic biographical dictionaries in Damascus; pawing through Russian colonial records in Saint Petersburg; surveying religious endowments in Uzbekistan; deciphering Persian manuscripts in Tajikistan; and delving into Urdu sources in archives throughout India. James holds a PhD in history from Princeton University, an MA from Georgetown University, and a BA from Carleton College. He is an Associate Professor in the History Department of the University of Pittsburgh.
- Polymaths of Islam: Power and Networks of Knowledge in Central Asia (Cornell University Press, 2020).
- "The Darker Side of Mobility: Refugees, Hostages, and Political Prisoners in Persianate Asia," in Asia Inside Out: Itinerant People, ed. Eric Tagliacozzo, Helen F. Siu, and Peter C. Perdue (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019), 201–23.
- "Written into Submission: Reassessing Sovereignty through a Forgotten Eurasian Dynasty," The American Historical Review 123, no. 3 (2018): 817–45.
- "Categorically Misleading, Dialectically Misconceived: Language Textbooks and Pedagogic Participation in Central Asian Nation-Building Projects," Central Asian Survey 36, no. 4 (2017): 555–74.


text:
It is interesting to note that as I have been conducting my interviews the belief in the supernatural is present. From spirits and ghosts and goblins, to name a few, the creatures of the dark, to many, still exist. By being deep into the rainforest, I can understand why the things that go bump in the night would scare a person. During the daytime, the sunlight brightens the forest and the birds happily sing and chirp. It closely resembles a scene pulled directly from a Disney Fairytale. Lovely, beautiful and carefree one can forget the worries of the world. However, once the early evening arrives, the clouds and rain blanket the sky and the sunlight disappears. As it darkens into night one realizes how truly dark the surrounding area is. Unlike a large city, there are no floodlights that illuminate the town. There are no lights that illuminate the highway or walkways around the village either. The only light that can be seen is the light hidden inside houses, as families gather together for dinner.
Now when I say darkness sets in, I mean around 7:00 pm it is already pitch black. Looking up to the sky you can see stars, as small specks of light to help orient you. What one would think resembles 2 am in the morning is only 9pm at night. Thus, the trees and forest life can look very ominous and every sound whether it be a scratch or howl sounds terrifying, especially when you cannot pinpoint where the noise originates. The wind whispers through the night and the things that go bump in the night are told in stories to keep children safe inside. Since the stories are effective in keeping children away from wandering the town at night, the stories are passed down and told to each generation. Almost every individual I have interviewed recounts a story of where they or they personally know an individual that has encountered the supernatural creatures of myth. Thus, each encounter strengthens the story and it is continuously told. After hearing a few ghost stories myself I want to remain inside as well!Share on Facebook


Hackernoon logoCarrierWave Upload Multiple Images by@kolosek
CarrierWave Upload Multiple Images
Nesha Hacker Noon profile picture
CEO @ Kolosek.com
When you are building a web application, you definitely want to add an option for image uploading as well. In this tutorial, we will show you the necessary steps to enable upload multiple images/files using CarrierWave in Rails 4+ from scratch. A similar procedure can be applied for nested forms.
Step 1: In the gem file
CarrierWave is a Ruby gem that provides a simple and extremely flexible way to upload files from Ruby applications. You will need to add these gems to the Gemfile and run
bundle install
gem 'carrierwave'
Step 2: Setting up CarrierWave
The first step to configure CarrierWave it to run the following command:
rails generate uploader Avatar
This will create a new directory called uploaders in the app folder and a file inside called avatar_uploader.rb.
class AvatarUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base
 storage :file
 def store_dir
 def default_url
 "/images/fallback/" + [version_name, "default.png"].compact.join('_')
- You can modify the default directory to change where uploaded files will be stored.
- It is the path to the default image, you can use this image if no other image has been selected.
Step 3: Generate your migrations
You can generate your migrations using Scaffolding in Rails. This will generate a full set of model, views and controller, and a test suite for each of the above. It is the most simple way to get your project up and running.
 - rails g scaffold post title:string
 - rails g scaffold post_attachment post_id:integer avatar:string
 - rake db:migrate
Step 4: Edit Models
Once scaffolding finishes generating the files you can start editing your models.
You want to be able to create post and post_attachment in one go. To do this you need to add the following to
 class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
 has_many :post_attachments
 accepts_nested_attributes_for :post_attachments
'accepts_nested_attributes_for :post_attachments'
- Nested attributes allow you to save attributes on associated records through the parent.
The time has come to mount your uploader. Navigate to your PostAttachment model and add
'mount_uploader :avatar, AvatarUploader'
to the file.
 class PostAttachment < ActiveRecord::Base
 mount_uploader :avatar, AvatarUploader
 belongs_to :post
Step 5: Modify your Controller
The next step is to modify the
to accept those new nested attributes.
def show
 _USER_ = _USER_.post_attachments.all
def new
 _USER_ = Post.new
 _USER_ = _USER_.post_attachments.build
To make sure that
is ready to be created once the new post is done, you will need to build it with
 def create
 _USER_ = Post.new(post_params)
 respond_to do |format|
 if _USER_.save
 params[:post_attachments]['avatar'].each do |a|
 _USER_ = _USER_.post_attachments.create!(:avatar => a, :post_id => _USER_.id)
 format.html { redirect_to _USER_, notice: 'Post was successfully created.' }
 format.html { render action: 'new' }
To help the nested attributes reach the model, you will need to add the following to the post_params method in the PostController.
def post_params
 params.require(:post).permit(:title, post_attachments_attributes:
 [:id, :post_id, :avatar])
Step 6: View layout
For the last step to finish out application you will need to edit the view to allow us to upload new images. You can do this by adding the following line:
<%= p.file_field :avatar, :multiple => true, name: "post_attachments[avatar][]" %>
<%= form_for(_USER_, :html => { :multipart => true }) do |f| %>

 <%= f.label :title %>
 <%= f.text_field :title %>
 <%= f.fields_for :post_attachments do |p| %>

 <%= p.label :avatar %>
 <% end %>

 <%= f.submit %>
 <% end %>
Thank you for reading!
Previously published at _URL_
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text:
The Art of Lèse Majesté
Monarchs claim to be surrounded by an aura of majesty. Cartoon historian Mark Bryant examines some famous incidents when a caricaturist's pen punctured this aura and revealed the lack of a sense of humour in high places.
From the beginning of Victoria's reign until the 1960s, political cartoonists and caricaturists in Britain were remarkably respectful towards the royal family. Indeed Punch (founded in 1841) rarely even published cartoons featuring the monarch. Gone were the days of Rowlandson, Cruikshank and others who had mercilessly lampooned Victoria's uncle, George IV, and were fined and even imprisoned for such acts. Victoria had said 'We are not amused' and that seemed to be an end of it until Private Eye and Spitting Image came on the scene more than a century later.
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Does surfing seem daunting to you? Try Stand Up Paddle Boarding - the exhilarating water sport sweeping the country.
One water sport seems to be growing faster than any other. It goes by a few names, including stand up paddling, or SUP for short, as well as paddle surfing or paddle boarding.
The origins of SUP can be traced to Hawaii in the 1950s and 60s when beach boys used long paddles to sweep their boards into the surf and capture photos of wealthy tourists. In order to keep their cameras safe, the paddlers had to balance on their boards with confidence.
Over the years, the activity evolved and is now a fast growing outdoor fitness craze. In its current form, SUP involves standing erect while using a paddle to move forward on a large board that closely resembles a surfboard.
As a fitness option, stand up paddling has many benefits. To begin with, it's a low impact sport that doesn't overstress worn joints. In addition, because standing on a SUP board requires basic balancing abilities, it's an activity that builds core strength and enhances overall health and fitness. Since it works both the lower and upper body, stand up paddling can provide a participant with a total body workout. Finally, when participants pick up their paddling speed, SUP can offer a heart healthy aerobic workout as well.
Unlike surfing, which needs to be done on the waves in the ocean, a SUP participant can use almost any body of water including bays, lakes, rivers and ponds. This versatility has allowed the sport to expand beyond its inland origins and reach a greater audience. That's why you're just as likely to see a SUP board in Boise, Idaho as in Miami, Florida.
Getting started with SUP requires two pieces of equipment: a board and an sup paddle. Though it may look like a surfboard, a SUP board is wider and designed for greater stability. While a typical surfboard is approximately 20 inches wide, a SUP board is generally 32 inches wide. They're also a bit thicker than the average surfboard.
Wider boards, which provide greater stability, are recommended for beginners. A wider board also works best on flat water like lakes and bays. Narrower boards are also available for the more experienced participant. Though less stable, a narrow board is more maneuverable and often better for catching a wave on the coast. Ranging in cost from $400 to $1500, a stand up paddle board can be purchased in surf shops and outdoor outfitters throughout the world.
The SUP paddle resembles a kayak paddle but has a much longer shaft. Typically a SUP paddle should be five to six inches longer than the participant's height. We have compile and reviewed the top SUPs for big guys.
A novice stand up paddler will want to start out in calm water and practice gaining balance and confidence. After that, the participant will focus on proper stroke and the basics of maneuvering before moving into the surf. Much like a canoe, a SUP board turns to the right when the paddle is stroked on the left side of the board. It turns to the left when paddled on the right.
Stand up paddling isn't just for beach boys anymore. Today's craze offers a healthy and fun activity for participants from a wide range of fitness levels. All it takes is a little balance, some concentration, and love for being on the water.


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In astronomy, the constellation lying between Capricorn and Scorpio; in astrology, the ninth sign of the zodiac, governing approximately the period November 22–December 21. Its symbol is either a centaur shooting a bow and arrow or an arrow drawn across a bow. The association of this constellation with a mounted archer originated in Babylonia as early as the 11th century BC.
Learn more about Sagittarius with a free trial on Britannica.com.
SAGITTARIUS; Feisty and Easily Distracted, Sagittarians Are Bursting with Great Ideas That May Never Come to Fruition, but along the Way, They'll Be Living Life to the Full, with Their Unique Sense of Adventure Leading Them into a Real Rollercoaster of a Year That's
Jan 03, 2002; Byline: Lynne Ewart Sagittarius and liberty go hand in hand. Think of the mythological Centaur, half man, half horse,...


There are a number of Nevada fishing licenses available for state residents and non-residents, such as junior and senior licenses. Purchase the right license type for you, then read through the NV fishing rules or regulations before your trip. In order to keep certain species, like trout, you may also need a special stamp or privilege, so be sure to read the fishing license and permit requirements carefully.
Your fishing license purchase helps to protect and preserve the sport of fishing for years to come. The fees collected from Nevada fishing licenses go toward fishery management, habitat development, endangered species programs, and conservation education.
NV Fishing Rules & Regulations
Wondering how many inches a striped bass needs to be in order for you to keep it or you want to know how many bluegill you can take? You will need to check the current Nevada fishing regulations. Always check the regulations before a trip so that you are aware of any special laws that may apply to certain regions of the state. If you catch a fish that is not within the rules, practice catch and release to increase the chances that the fish will survive.
How You Can Help with Conservation
Knowing how to apply proper catch and release techniques is one major way you can help contribute to conservation efforts. Fighting a fish for too long can cause undue stress on the fish, so use tackle that is heavy enough given the species you are targeting and try to land the fish as quickly as you can. Once you have the fish to the boat or shore, handle the fish as little as possible by using release tools such as de-hookers or needle-nosed pliers. When a fish is handled properly, it can be released back into the water to grow and thrive.


[UPDATE] Old American Indian Canoe Recovered in Lake Munson
By: Jennifer Milton/ AP Email
By: Jennifer Milton/ AP Email
D.W. Jones has discovered a piece of history. The 16-year old, his daughter and his father Dennis were spending the day at Lake Munson near Tallahassee when they stumbled upon an ancient American Indian Canoe that historians believe could be 500 to 800 years old.
"How is this thing still here for it to be so old you know. It's just like you see, you know you get a piece of fire wood and two years later it's rotten and destroyed. But, just something to be 800 years old and be wood, it's unbelievable," said Jones.
Historic conservators believe the 23 foot long dugout canoe belonged to the Apalachee Indian tribe who used to fish, hunt and gather food in the water. Historical experts say they are blown away by its superior condition.
"The technology that they had at the time to be able to build a canoe this nice, it's pretty amazing to me, when you look at it, how crisply and cleanly it's made and the tools that they had available, shells, sharks teeth, flint," said James Levy.
The enormous canoe took 12 people nearly 6 hours to excavate the rare artifact in tip-top shape.
"Whoever did it was really good because it has sharp 90 degree corners on it and nice clean platforms on the end with just good,sharp edges, so they were very good at it," said Levy.
The canoe is currently at the Museum of Florida History but conservators plan to examine the item further and eventually will put it on display.
More than 350 dugout canoes have been discovered in Florida, but around 1 in 50 are in good condition.
An American Indian dugout canoe believed to be 500 to 800 years old has been recovered from the muck of a lake bed south of Tallahassee.
State archaeologists said Tuesday, November 30 that the 23-foot-long canoe is unusual because it is well-preserved and each end is finely carved.
More than 350 dugout canoes have been found in Florida, some
dating back 6,000 years, but most are degraded from repeated
periods of wetting and drying.
The canoe was exposed when Lake Munson was drawn down.
Crawfordville resident Dennis Jones first reported the canoe to the
Florida Museum of History.
Archaeologists removed it Monday so it can be conserved and
exhibited and to protect it from curiosity seekers who tried to dig
it out.
Pictures are attached above.
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text:
- About ACTFL
- Convention & Expo
- Assessment & PD
Educate the Local Board of Education and Other Local Stakeholders
Often language educators think about standing up for their programs only when the inevitable axe is ready to fall. However, pro-active and ongoing advocacy addressing the benefits of articulated and academic PK-16 language education including multiple languages is much more effective than relying just on reactive or crisis advocacy.
TIP: Get on the agenda for a local board meeting, local PTA meetings, school accountability committee meetings at the district and/or school level, community organizations such as Rotary International. At the postsecondary level, see if you can make a presentation at a meeting of your university's Board of Trustees. Show clips of your students in action using the language, or invite your students to do a skit, sample class, or some other demonstration using their language skills. In your presentation, show how your program is aligned with local, state and national guidelines and mention the cognitive benefits of language education that can lead to increased overall achievement in school. [Note: You can find this research online at _URL_.] This approach to local stakeholders and decision-makers allows for an objective presentation that validates the current language program or sets the groundwork for program expansion. Above all, know your audience, meet them where they are in terms of their awareness about language learning, and customize your presentation to further their knowledge of the benefits of language education.


Maintenance, the device and car repairs Ford Focus - 3.3. A control lamp of emergency pressure of oil//Ford Focus - mybestwatch.ru
Ford Focus>> System of greasing of the engine>> Control lamp of emergency pressure of oil
The control lamp lights up at pressure in the greasing system, equal 30 — 50 kPas which cannot provide existence of a necessary oil film in rubbing places of the engine. The lamp can light up also when the car goes on a bend with a minimum level of oil: as centrifugal forces arising thus move oil in a case towards turn and the oil pump cannot take away necessary amount of oil. After fast driving on автобану or at movement on lifting the lamp idling starts to blink, it is a sign of that it is not enough pressure of oil. As soon as the lamp by the first pressing a gas pedal dies away again, it should not cause in you concern, however let's burn with it long, cool the engine better.
If the control lamp burns constantly, act as follows:
- immediately stop and muffle the engine;
- check level of oil and if necessary add it. Otherwise go carefully before the following filling and add oil there. Check after that, whether the lamp dies away at the working engine;
- if the lamp does not die away, tow off the car in the next workshop and find out the reason by means of the expert.


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Bringing a Dead House Back to Life
Drive down Moran Street on Detroit's East side, and you'll see them: those blighted, burned-out houses. They're the ones everyone films, photographs, opines about and exploits for the world to see. For much of the nation, they're what defines Detroit these days.
But on the 13000 block, you'll notice one house seems different. That is because it a living laboratory, a research project, a design center. Even if it has no electricity or running water, it is buzzing with people, construction and – dare I write it – a vision of what the city's future might look like.
This is a tale of five teachers from the University of Michigan's Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. They each chipped in $100, bought one of Detroit's infamous eyesores and started tearing it apart.
Then, they built it back up. No, it technically isn't habitable. But it offers the viewer insights into how architects work, how housing trends develop and why this project has changed not only the neighborhood but the people who worked on it.
"I hope that our project is one example of how you can adapt the existing housing stock and make it have a use," said Rosalyne Shieh, one of the five innovators.
Some background: The house at 13178 Moran Street by McNichols and the Davison is home to "Five Fellows: Full Scale." That is the official name of the project, which brought together five young architects in one of the poorest communities in the city.
UM hired the five in August 2009 for a year-long fellowship. Basically, they teach at the College of Architecture and Urban Planning in Ann Arbor while doing independent research. Early on, they agreed to work together on a group project – something grand. Something local.
But to work together, they needed more space than the College's galleries allowed. They wanted to build models of their ideas, bring them to life-size or full scale. Around this time, they met husband and wife team Gina Reichert and Mitch Cope, who started Design 99, a collaboration of artists and architects based in Hamtramck. (They're also famous nationally for buying that so-called $100 house in Detroit; the resulting stories about their work got everyone hyped up about it.)
It was perfect timing, according to fellow Cathlyn Newell. A friend of a friend knew the Design 99 spouses, who encouraged the five – Newell, Ellie Abrons, Meredith Milller, Thomas Moran and Rosalyn Shieh – to buy a house in Detroit. Reichert and Cope had already scoped out properties going up for sale in an auction just days away.
So for less than the cost of a flat-screen TV, the architects had themselves a house. It was October. The house had no front door. No windows. No electricity. No plumbing. They paid to have the house next door boarded up to give them some security while on site. They added some windows. Then, they got to work.
The result is five stunningly intelligent, interesting and exciting architectural experiments. Each person took a section of house and let their ideas mold it into something new.
Shieh calls her project Room Addition. It is a room that cuts diagonally across the house with a window facing the southern sky. It brings in volumes of light and offers an alternative entrance to the house. Previously, the house opens onto the street, and its entry is an exact replica of every house on Moran. Now, you can sit on the stair-like structure or curl up under the warming window/skylight. Your view is the neighboring house (which is the one the Fellows had boarded up). When it is removed, you'll look into an open lot – a much nicer view than the hulking shells of decaying homes up and down the street.
Next is Abrons' Tingle Room. Most rooms have just plain walls; not this one. Abrons covered them with plywood and installed pieces of steel suspension cables along the surfaces. The result is these long, black wires that seemingly reach out to envelop you. Other wall sections are carved out and spray insulation bubble out, foamy waves contrasting with the wood's plain fronts. The room is sensual yet whimsical.
Just outside is Moran's Tables and Chairs. The title is deceiving because it looks more like a giant system of steps or shelves leading up to the attic. When the Fellows bought the house, it did not have a central staircase. Moran created one with simple, minimal materials: inexpensive 1x2 pine slats and nails hammered together. You can take a different path each time you climb them, sit on them like bleachers, admire them from above for their dramatic geometry.
Toward the back, you find Miller's R.O. project – a movable door. An operable piece moves between the interior and exterior to change the idea of what a house's boundaries actually are. Closed, it secures the house. Open, it brings a new public space to light and a new point of entry. Instead of a flat back wall, the house now has floating access.
Newell's project, Weatherizing, takes place in the house's garage. Rather than depend on windows for light, she experimented by drilling holes in the walls and inserting nearly 1,000 glass tubes. They create a dull glow to the room even on a cloudy day. Every aspect of the weather is represented through these tubes: wind creates an eerie kind of music, sun provides shots of light. Whatever happens outdoors is represented indoors. (My favorite part: Newell changes the light by adding of all things Chapstick to the tubes, giving the tubes a smoky hue.)
"Every day looks different," Newell said. "I've had to enjoy every aspect. That's been the interesting part of the research. You have to keep looking at it."
Indeed, the viewer feels the same way. You cannot stop looking at these five projects and imagining whether these ideas – or the Fellows' future ones – will change the way we all live. By having a huge space like a Detroit home to work on, they were able to fully flesh out their thoughts about how houses work. What a gift this little white house is to these young architects. What a great thing that it was available for their research. You could not, as one architect friend told me after touring it, do this in New York or Los Angeles.
Is it terrible that the house was left to rot? It is a shame that the neighboring lot is burdened with a fire-bombed structure? Is this a good use of Detroit's homes? Could the $500 investment been better utilized by fixing it up and giving it to a family in need?
You won't find those answers here. Those are better left to the urban planners…the people who left the houses in the first place…the citizens who let the city fall into this state of disrepair…the communities that left Detroit to its own devices and looked away.
Like the Ice House Detroit project, the Fellows have gotten to know their neighbors – most of whom are Bangladeshi. They hosted barbecues, gave tours, hung out with the kids who live across the street (who made swords out of the scrap wood). They shop locally. They also hired an area handyman, who has been a brain stormer, problem solver and all-around consultant on their projects.
"We've met a lot of people in ways you don't normally get to know people," said Moran, noting that there aren't a lot of drop-in visits in Ann Arbor. Here, folks came over when they wanted to talk, ask questions or just play around.
The fellowship ends in June. But the five have agreed to stay in Ann Arbor for another year. They also have donated their house to Design 99 to keep its purpose alive and maintain the house within the Detroit arts community. Reichert and Cope have become mentors, introducing them to the larger art community here.
Granted, this is a quick summary of their work. But I was impressed and inspired. Who knows? It would be a pleasant surprise if one or some or all of the Five Fellows came back to Detroit. I would be the first to say: You are welcome here!


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Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite (QEYSSat)
Testing advanced encryption technology in space for secure online communications on Earth
Stage: in development
Owned by: Canada
The Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite (QEYSSat) mission will demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) in space. QKD is a technology that creates virtually unbreakable encryption codes and will provide Canada with secure communications in the age of quantum computing.
Demonstrate quantum key distribution in space
The Canadian Space Agency will fund a technology demonstration mission. The supporting science will be developed by the Institute for Quantum Computing, a research institution of the University of Waterloo.
What will QEYSSat be used for?
In the era of online banking, smart phones, and cloud networks that store vast arrays of personal information, reliable data encryption is essential. But the technology used to protect our information today will soon become inadequate with the emergence of powerful, high-speed quantum computers. The exceptional processing power of these next-generation computers will easily break current encryption codes which protect our passwords and personal identification numbers. It is estimated that this technology will become widely available within the next 10 to 20 years. So, how can we safeguard our privacy and continue to exchange sensitive information in the future?
What is quantum key distribution?
Quantum key distribution (QKD) technology was created to respond to the threat associated with emerging quantum technologies. This new technique will ensure the confidentiality of information exchanged between two parties – it uses photons (individual particles of light) and the laws of physics to generate private encryption keys between two users.
QKD enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. An important and unique property of QKD is its capacity to detect the presence of any third party trying to intercept the key. QKD is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit a message.
The space advantage
Although ground-based QKD devices are commercially available today, their capacity is very limited. Existing systems rely on fibre optic cables to transmit quantum particles on land, but the signal becomes unreliable at a distance of over 200 kilometres. In order to integrate QKD with all forms of communication technology across the world, the network must be able to use satellites instead of cables.
The QEYSSat mission will perform a demonstration of QKD from space. Individual photons will be sent through a laser link from a ground station to a microsatellite, which will use the QKD protocol to establish a key that will be retransmitted to a second ground station. This trial will allow Canadian scientists to study how QKD behaves in space, and lay the groundwork for a global network supporting the exchange of quantum keys over long distances. QEYSSat will bring Canada a step closer to the realization of a truly secure communication infrastructure that will enable national and even global interconnection.
Since the encryption key cannot be compromised, it is virtually impossible to crack, regardless of any current or future technology. Integrating this technology into our communication networks would guarantee the privacy of Canadians' public, private, and commercial data.
The CSA has selected the University of Waterloo's Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) to lead the science of the QEYSSat mission on behalf of the Canadian Government. Recognized internationally as a centre of excellence in quantum computing, IQC will work to advance the development of QKD to provide Canadians with security, safety, reliable government services and protection of their privacy.
- : Contract award to IQC
- : Request for proposals to be solicited from the space industry
- : Request for proposals to solicit contribution from the space industry
- : Contract award to COM DEV and Neptec to develop the mission concept and system requirements
- : Contract award to Honeywell for design and implementation phases
- Date modified:


text:
Author : Jade Ovens.
Published : Wed, Jun 19 2019 :4 AM.
Format : jpg/jpeg.
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text:
which the other promptly responds—as Jane Goodall herself reports:
"When the infant... begins to move from its mother, it invariably utters this sound if it gets into any difficulty and cannot quickly return to her. Until the infant's locomotion patterns are fairly well developed the mother normally responds by going to fetch it at once. The same sound is used by the mother when she reaches to remove her infant from some potentially dangerous situation or even, on occasion, as she gestures it to cling on when she is ready to go. The 'hoo' whimper therefore serves as a fairly specific signal in re-establishing mother-infant contact."
What happens in other animals? Early in the 1930s Konrad Lorenz observed that a recently hatched chicken, duck, or goose will become "attached" to the first large moving object it sees, and will subsequently follow that object around. He called this "imprinting" because it occurs with such remarkable speed and permanence. Here are some of his observations.
The chick quickly starts to follow the
Imprinting begins soon after hatching.
The period for imprinting ends a few hours later.
The effect of imprinting is permanent.
To what objects will the chick get attached? That moving object will usually be a parent—but if the parents have been removed, then the object could be a cardboard box, or a red balloon—or even Konrad Lorenz himself. During the next two days, as the gosling follows its parents, it somehow learns to recognize them as individuals and not follow any other geese. Now when it loses contact with the mother it will cease to feed or examine things, and instead will search and make piping sounds, as though distressed at being lost. Then the parent responds with a special sound—and Lorenz observes that this response must come quickly to establish imprinting. Later this call is no longer needed, but in the meantime it serves to protect the chick against becoming attached to an unsuitable object, such as the moving branch of a tree.
These 'piping' sounds, like the 'hoo' signals in Jane Goodall's notes, suggest that other ways to communicate could have co-evolved from attachment signals. In any case, these types of birds can feed themselves soon after they hatch—so imprinting is independent of being fed.
As for when the imprinting period ends, R.A.Hinde discovered that those chicks eventually become fearful of unfamiliar moving things—which led him to suspect that imprinting stops when this new fear forestalls further 'following'. Similarly, many human babies show a long period of fear of strangers that begins near the start of the second year.
Bowlby's research on young children showed that when they are deprived of imprimers for more than a few days, they may show signs of impairments for much longer times. He also cites similar results when other researchers separated infant Rhesus monkeys from their mothers:
"From all these findings we can conclude with confidence not only that a single separation of no longer than six days at six months of age has perceptible effects two years later on rhesus infants, but that the effects of a separation are proportionate to its length. A thirteen-day separation is worse than a six-day; two six-day separations are worse than a single six-day separation."— Bowlby, in Separation, p72
Remarkably, even badly mistreated children (and monkeys) may remain attached to abusive imprimer.
To what extent did human attachment-based learning evolve from older forms of pre-human imprinting? Of course, humans are very different from birds, yet the infants of both share similar needs—and there may have been precursors of this in some earlier warm-blooded dinosaurs. For example, Jack Horner discovered that some of these constructed clusters of bird-nest like structures. Further progress in genomics might help us reconstruct more of this history.
Returning to the human realm, we should ask how infants distinguish potential imprimers. Although some researchers have reported that infants can learn to recognize the mother's voice even before the time of birth, it is generally though that newborns first learn mainly through the senses of touch, taste, and smell—and later distinguish the sound of a voice and start to react to the sight of a head or a face. One first might assume that this is done by detecting features like eyes, nose, and mouth, but there is evidence that it is more complex than that.
Francesca Acerra: "4-day-old neonates look longer at their mother's face than at a stranger's face—but not when the mother wears a scarf that hides the hair contour and the outer contour of the head."
This researcher found that those infants react less to the features of the face, and more to its larger-scale, overall shape; it was not until two or three more months that her subjects distinguished particular faces. This suggests that our visual systems involve different methods at different stages of development—and perhaps the ones that are first to operate serve mainly to get the mother attached to the child! In any case, Lorenz was amazed by what his goslings failed to distinguish:
Konrad Lorenz: "The human imprinted gosling will unequivocally refuse to follow a goose instead of a human, but it will not differentiate between a petite, slender young girl and a big old man with a beard. … It is astounding that a bird reared by, and imprinted to, a human being should direct its behavior patterns not towards one human but towards the species Homo sapiens."
"A jackdaw for which the human has replaced the parental companion, will thus direct its awakening sexual instincts not specifically towards its former parental companion, but … towards any one relatively unfamiliar human being. The sex is unimportant, but the object will quite definitely be human. It would seem that the former parental companion is simply not considered as a possible'mate'."
All of this could help to explain why we evolved our extended infantile helplessness: children who too soon went off by themselves would not have been wise enough to survive—and so, we had to extend the time for learning from imprimers instead of from doing risky experiments.
How many Imprimers can a person have? Many young children have only one, while others may have two, three, or more. Then when a child has several of them, are those attachments interchangeable—or could they serve different functions and goals? If a child forms several sets of ideals, would that enrich its personality—or would it impair its development because those inconsistencies prevent it from forming a single coherent self-image?
When do attachments begin and end? Even young infants soon start to behave in distinctive ways when in their mothers' presence. However, it is usually not till near the first year's end that the child protests against separation—and begins to learn to become disturbed at a sign that Imprimer intends to depart—e.g., reaching for an overcoat. This is also the time when most children begin to show fears of unusual things. Both this and that fear of separation begin to decline in the child's third year—so that now the child can be sent to school. However, we do not see the same decline in the roles of those other, self-conscious, attachment-based feelings. These persist for longer times and sometimes, perhaps, for the rest of our lives.
John Bowlby: "During adolescence … other adults may come to assume an importance equal to or greater than that of the parents, and sexual attraction to age-mates begins to extend the picture. As a result individual variation, already great, becomes even greater. At one extreme are adolescents who cut themselves off from the parents; at the other are those who remain intensely attached and are unwilling or unable to direct their attachment behavior to others. Between the extremes lie the great majority of adolescents whose attachments to parents remain strong but whose ties to others are of much importance also. For most individuals the bond to parents continues into adult life and affects behavior in countless ways. Finally in old age, when attachment behavior can no longer be directed to members of an older generation, or even the same generation, it may come instead to be directed towards members of a younger one." [Bowlby, Attachment, p207]
What happens in other animals? In those that do not remain in herds, attachment frequently only persists until the offspring can live by themselves. In many species it's different for females; in many species the mother will actively drive the young ones away as soon as a new litter is born (perhaps because of evolutionary selection against inbreeding)—while in other cases attachment will stay until the time of puberty or even later for females. In Attachment (p182) Bowlby mentions a phenomenon that results from this:
"In the female of ungulate species (sheep, deer, oxen, etc.), attachment to mother may continue until old age. As a result a flock of sheep, or a herd of deer, is built up of young following mother following grandmother following great grandmother and so on. Young males of these species, by contrast, break away from mother when they reach adolescence. Thenceforward they become attached to older males and remain with them all their lives except during the few weeks of each year of the rutting season."
Of course, other species evolve different strategies that are better suited for different environments; for example, the size of the flock may depend on the character and prevalence of predators, etc.
Why should we need Imprimers at all—and why should we be so exclusive in how our brains make us choose them? Why not simply elevate goals in response to anyone's censure or praise? There's an excellent reason why we evolved to be selective about this—for if any stranger could program your goals, you'd be in danger because strangers are less likely than your close relatives are to be concerned for your welfare.
However, 'welfare