Publications by Eva Poluha and Elehu Feleke
This site is dedicated to our book Thinking Outside The Box and other publications by Eva Poluha and Elehu Feleke
Click on "THE BOOK" for a synopsis of the contents of and excerpts from the book.
Use the following links to order your copy
Independent reviews:
A short review of:
Thinking outside the box: Essays on the history and (under) development of Ethiopia,
By Eva Poluha ad Elehu Feleke,
Published by Xlibris: United Kingdom. ISBN 978-1-5144-2224-3. Pp. 383. Price: 200 SEK.
Eva Poluha is an anthropologist whose engagement with Ethiopia started in the early 1970s. Her life-partner, Elehu Feleke, is a practicing medical doctor based in Sweden and Ethiopia. The authors have put more than 40 years experience in the production of this beautiful and reader friendly book.
Thinking outside the box is twice as big as most books written this day, but the wide margins and large font makes it quite easy to hold and read. The main question that the authors confront is the reason why Ethiopia has remained one of the poorest nations in the world in spite of its natural and human resources as well as a rich history.
The book contains seven chapters (or essays) that can be read separately. The first three chapters attempt to reconstruct the history of Ethiopia from the early centuries AD until 1974. The first three chapters are important to a serious reader who aspires to grasp the long and complicated history of the country. Indeed, Ethiopia is one of the oldest yet surviving nation-states in the world. The authors admit that they could not avoid dates and place names and advise the reader to read the summaries at the end of each chapter. The best parts of the first three chapters are, however, the maps from page 50 to 54. The reader can very easily visualise the size of the Ethiopian state through time, migration flows and trade routes as these are superimposed on the current physical map of the country.
Chapters four and five provide excellent background to the main objective of the book, namely to explain why Ethiopia remains one of the poorest in the world. The human and institutional resources are discussed in chapter four while the economy and economic policies since 1900 are treated in chapter five. In chapter six, the authors explain why and how Europe and Asia succeeded to deliver development. The final chapter is a bold attempt to answer the question as to why Ethiopia has remained poor. Ethiopia does not need to remain poor and it could overcome its poverty if its leaders, the academic elite and donors begin to think outside of the box, with sufficient examples of this can be done.
If you want a book that captures the history of Ethiopia, its society and its challenges of development through the centuries, and if you want a book that you can read in small doses, then Thinking outside of the Box is indeed the answer.
Tekeste Negash from Malmö


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Loss of use coverage is a component of every renters insurance policy. It's responsible for temporary housing expenses and other incurred costs if your rented unit becomes uninhabitable due to a covered peril. For instance, in the unfortunate event of a fire, loss of use coverage steps in to ease your burden. It pays for hotel expenses, transportation and any additional costs arising from your need to relocate up to the designated limits, usually a certain amount per day.
By understanding the scope of loss of use coverage, you can empower yourself and make informed choices when selecting the right insurance policy for your needs.
Loss of use coverage pays for temporary housing if your rental unit is deemed uninhabitable due to a covered peril.
Loss of use covers expenses exceeding your regular cost of living, such as increased food or transportation costs when staying in a hotel.
Remember to keep receipts and other documentation to substantiate your loss of use claim.
What Is Loss of Use in Renters Insurance?
In renters insurance, loss of use coverage ensures you have a place to stay if your rented home becomes uninhabitable due to covered perils. For instance, if your unit gets damaged in a fire and becomes uninhabitable, loss of use will pay for your hotel costs and additional food expenses. It's a key part of every standard renters insurance policy, where you can increase and decrease limits accordingly.
Loss of use in renters insurance consists of three key aspects: additional living expenses, fair rental value and prohibited use. These components work together to support you during challenging times without being financially burdened.
Additional Living Expenses
Additional living expenses (ALE) coverage provides financial support when you face a temporary displacement from your rented home due to covered incidents. For instance, if a severe storm damages your rental property, making it unsafe to stay in, this coverage would pay for your temporary residence, such as an apartment or hotel.
ALE coverage also accounts for additional costs for transportation, meals and even storage fees for personal belongings. For example, if you spend more to go to school or more to eat due to living in your temporary rental unit, you will be reimbursed for the increased costs of transportation and food.
Fair Rental Value
If you sublease a part of your unit, be it a room or a garage, fair rental value reimburses you for lost rental income should a covered peril prevent you from collecting rent. For example, if a fire breaks out in your rental property and you sublease your garage, rendering it unusable, fair rental value coverage would compensate you for the lost rental income during the time it takes to repair the damages.
Prohibited use coverage acts as a safety net if you are legally barred from occupying your rental property, whether it's due to government directives or other restrictive circumstances. For instance, if a neighbor is involved in a police investigation and authorities close off access to your rental unit, prohibited use would cover your temporary housing costs.
Another example is if authorities issue an evacuation in response to an impending natural disaster, like a wildfire or hurricane. In such cases, prohibited use coverage would cover alternative housing costs during the evacuation period.
Expenses Covered by Loss of Use Covers in Renters Insurance
When a covered peril disrupts your living situation, loss of use coverage steps in to handle the additional costs. This could include the extra commuting costs from your temporary residence to your workplace or the cost of boarding your pet if pets aren't allowed in your temporary accommodation. The following expenses are usually covered:
- Temporary accommodations, like hotels or rented apartments
- Extra commuting costs
- Additional food expenses if you're eating out more often
- Pet boarding if your temporary accommodation doesn't allow pets
- Storage costs for your belongings
- Laundry services if your temporary accommodation doesn't have laundry facilities
- Moving truck costs to bring your things to storage or a temporary unit
- Childcare costs if your usual arrangements are disrupted
- Additional utilities or internet services
Loss of Use Coverage Limitations
Loss of use coverage will only pay up to the maximum limit stated in your policy — even if you're still waiting for repairs, your insurer will no longer cover expenses if you've reached your limit. You can get more coverage for loss of use, but you'll need to pay a higher premium.
Additionally, loss of use coverage may only apply for a certain period of time, depending on your policy. It's often the shortest of the following:
- The specified maximum period on your policy, usually 12 or 24 months
- The duration required to repair or replace the damage
- The time necessary to establish a permanent residence elsewhere
For instance, even if your policy can cover you for up to 12 months, if it takes only two months to find and move to another long-term rental unit, it will only cover you for two months.
What Loss of Use Doesn't Cover
While loss of use coverage can be a financial lifeline during a crisis, it doesn't cover every scenario that might force you out of your home. For instance, if you're carrying out voluntary home improvements and need to move out temporarily, this wouldn't be covered. Similarly, if a peril not covered by your policy, such as a flood, renders your home uninhabitable, loss of use won't apply. Here are some scenarios that aren't covered:
- Non-covered perils: Loss of use coverage does not provide coverage for displacement caused by perils not listed in the policy. For instance, if your rental property becomes uninhabitable due to damage caused by pests or mold, which are not covered under the policy, your temporary housing and living arrangements expenses would not be reimbursed.
- Voluntary temporary relocation: If you choose to temporarily relocate for personal reasons unrelated to a covered event, you will not be reimbursed. For example, if you decide to stay with family or friends when the rental property is habitable, the insurance will not cover your expenses.
- Upgrades to living conditions: While loss of use coverage pays to maintain your standard of living — it won't upgrade it. For instance, if you originally lived in a studio apartment, you won't be able to get coverage for a penthouse or a five-star hotel.
Things To Remember When Filing A Loss Of Use Claim
Filing a loss of use claim requires careful attention to detail and a thorough understanding of your insurance policy. It's important to remember that the goal is to restore your usual standard of living, not to provide an upgrade. Here are some essential tips to remember:
- File your claim as soon as possible. This can help expedite the process.
- Retain all receipts for additional living expenses. These will be necessary for reimbursement.
- Document your usual living expenses. Your insurer may use this as a baseline for your claim.
- Stay in regular contact with your insurance company. This can help ensure your claim is processed smoothly.
- Know your policy limits. Be aware of how much coverage you have and the duration of that coverage.
- Understand the perils covered by your policy. Loss of use applies only to covered perils.
- Keep in mind that loss of use coverage aims to maintain your usual standard of living, not to enhance it.
About Mark Fitzpatrick

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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2009-03-05Zeitschriftenartikel DOI: 10.1515/JPM.2009.088
Umbilical cord insertion site in early gestation and development of placenta
Aim: To study the relation of umbilical cord insertion (CI) site in early gestation and placental development from the chorion villosum. Methods: We ultrasonically measured the distance between the internal cervical Os and the CI site (CID), the distance between the internal cervical Os and lower placenta edge (PLD), and placental thickness at early (10–12 weeks) and mid-gestation (18–20 weeks). Results: CID in early gestation (CID-Early) correlated with CID in mid-gestation (r2=0.171; P<0.01). CID-Early correlated with PLD in mid-gestation (r2=0.093; P<0.01). Thickness of chorion villosum or placenta in early gestation did not correlate with that at mid-gestation. Increasing thickness of placenta was significantly higher in long CID-Early (≥20 mm) cases than short cases (<20 mm) (P<0.05). Conclusions: The process of placental development and the placental location are affected by CI location at early gestation, and suggests that this process might be affected by poor blood supply from the low uterine segment when CI site is close to the internal cervical Os.
Dateien zu dieser Publikation
Is Part Of Series: Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 37, 5, 2009, pp 481-485


) are also loaded from the database, but since they are only important for the calculation of \(n^*\) and \(E_{nlj}\) there is no interface to query their values. The quantities \(n^*\) and \(E_{nlj}\), however, can be queried.
print("Effective quantum number: n* =",qd.nstar)
print("State energy: E(n*) =",qd.energy)
Effective quantum number: n* = 46.868737950193115
State energy: E(n*) = -1497.6342916553963
Even though these parameters can be accessed like member variables, they are read-only values and attempting to change them will result in an error.
2.3.4. Radial wavefunction in pairinteraction
Two types of radial wavefunctions are available in pairinteraction:
 1. The numerical wavefunctions computed using Numerov's method and the model potentials.
 2. The analytical Coulomb wavefunctions based on the Whittaker functions.
Those two schemes can accessed by classes with the names of their underlying method, Numerov and Whittaker. Merely instatiating an object of either class only allocates memory but does not perform any computations. To actually run the integration, you have to call the integrate() member function.
n = pi.Numerov(qd).integrate()
w = pi.Whittaker(qd).integrate()
The wavefunctions which we obtain from these methods are unscaled, i.e. they have their original scaling as defined by the calculation. The \(x\)-axes are square root scaled. The result returned by the Coulomb wavefunction method is \(r \;\Psi^{\text{rad}}(r)\). The result calculated by Numerov's method is \(X(x)\), as defined above, and must be multiplied by \(\sqrt{x}\) to get \(r \;\Psi^{\text{rad}}(r)\).
plt.xlabel("$r$ ($a_0$)")
plt.ylabel("$r^2|\Psi(r)|^2$ [a.u.]")
plt.plot(n[:,0]**2,np.abs(np.sqrt(n[:,0])*n[:,1])**2,'-',label="numeric WF")
plt.plot(w[:,0]**2,np.abs(w[:,1])**2,'--',label="Coulomb WF")


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(Medical Xpress) -- Research from North Carolina State University demonstrates that a relatively new microscopy technique can be used to improve our understanding of human tissues and other biomedical materials. The study focused specifically on eye tissues, which are damaged by scarring in diabetic patients.
Our findings are a proof of concept, showing that this technique is extremely effective at giving us the data we need on these tissues, says Dr. Albena Ivanisevic, co-author of a paper describing the research. Specifically, it gives a great deal of information on the composition of these tissues, as well as the tissues topography, or surface characteristics. Ivanisevic is an associate professor of materials science and engineering at NC State and associate professor of the joint biomedical engineering program at NC State and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The study is one of the first to explore how this technology, called bimodal dual AC mode microscopy, can improve our understanding of human tissues and biomaterials.
The research team, which included researchers from Purdue University and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, examined two types of eye tissue from diabetic patients. Specifically, they looked at the inner limiting membrane (ILM), which is the surface layer of the retina, and so-called epiretinal membranes. Epiretinal membranes are scar tissues that form on the ILM in diabetics. Scar tissue can cause significant damage to the retina and, if untreated, may lead to blindness.
There are multiple treatments for this scarring. In the United States, a common technique is for a surgeon to peel off the ILM, removing the scar tissue with it. In many other parts of the world, surgeons inject dye into the eye to better distinguish the parts of the eye they will operate on. This process is not currently allowed in the United States, due to concerns about the dyes toxicity.
The researchers launched this project, in part, to determine if bimodal dual AC mode microscopy could be used to provide a better understanding of the topographical properties of the ILM. Further, the researchers wanted to use the technology to see if it offered insight into how or whether various dyes affect the topographical characteristics of the ILM. All of this information could be used to improve surgical outcomes and to foster research into additional treatments for the condition, Ivanisevic says.
The researchers found that bimodal dual AC mode microscopy, an atomic force imaging technique, captured the properties of the tissue in exceptional detail. Atomic force imaging effectively runs a probe over the surface of a material to collect data on its topography, similar to the way in which a record players needle runs over the surface of an album.
The next step would be to use this technology to assess the utility and potential risk of various dyes, Ivanisevic says. If we can find a dye that is extremely effective and poses little risk, it may be approved for use in future surgeries.
The paper, Deposition of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Its Effect on Soft Tissue Topography, was published online June 5 in Advanced Healthcare Materials. Lead author of the paper is Celimar Valentin-Rodriguez, a Ph.D. student at Purdue. Co-authors are Ivanisevic and Dr. Tongalp Tezel, of Louisville. The research was supported by a George Washington Carver Fellowship and Research To Prevent Blindness Inc.
More information: The paper, Deposition of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Its Effect on Soft Tissue Topography, was published online June 5 in Advanced Healthcare Materials. Lead author of the paper is Celimar Valentin-Rodriguez, et al, of Louisville. The research was supported by a George Washington Carver Fellowship and Research To Prevent Blindness Inc.
Bimodal imaging is utilized to characterize the topography of human tissue samples. The deposition of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) on various surfaces including surgical human inner limiting membrane (ILM) samples and collagen fibrillar sheetswas studied. Changes in composition were well defined with bimodal imaging when TA deposition was examined on mica. TA sedimentation resulted in observable changes in ILM topography when compared to collagen fibrillar sheets. The heterogeneous chemical and topographical features of the ILM tissues promoted the TA crystallization compared to the flatter and homogeneous collagen surfaces. Higher spatial resolution was achieved by imaging ILM samples in the new bimodal imaging mode. The most apparent difference was observed in the imaging of ILM samples which had been exposed to the steroid TA. The study demonstrated the usefulness of bimodal imaging to evaluate tissue samples.


as.
 - Two flasks are placed on the fluorescence lamp. The one contains a diluted solution of the free protein in phosphate buffer (pH 7), the other phosphate buffer alone. An equal amount of FMN-solution is dripped into each flask. In the flask with protein the fluorescence is at once extinguished,
but in the flask with buffer-solution alone it remains. The experiment demonstrates the resynthesis of yellow enzyme, and since the fluorescence is extinguished by the protein, one may draw the conclusion that some group in the protein is in this connection linked to the imino-group NH(3) of the flavin, which according to Kuhn must be free for the fluorescence to appear.
The significance of these investigations on the yellow enzyme may be summarized
as follows.
 1. The reversible splitting of the yellow enzyme to apo-enzyme + coenzyme in the simple molecular relation 1 : 1 proved that we had here to do with a pure enzyme; the experiments would have been incomprehensible if the enzyme itself had been only an impurity.
 2. This enzyme was thus demonstrably a protein. In the sequel all the enzymes which have been isolated have proved to be proteins.
 3. The first coenzyme, FMN, was isolated and found to be a vitamin phosphoric acid ester. This has since proved to be something occurring widely in nature: the vitamins nicotinic acid amide, thiamine and pyridoxine form in an analogous way nucleotide-like coenzymes, which like the nucleic acids
themselves combine reversibly with proteins.
During the past 20 years a large number of flavoproteins with various enzyme effects have been produced. Instead of FMN many of them contain a dinucleotide, FAD, which consists of FMN + adenylic acid.
We constructed a very sensitive apparatus to record changes in the intensity of the fluorescence, and were thus able to follow the rapidity with which the fluorescence diminishes when FMN and protein are combined, or increases when they are split. Under suitable conditions the speed of combination is very high. Thanks to the great sensitivity of the fluorescent method my Norwegian collaborator Agnar Nygaard and I were able to make accurate determinations of the speed-constant simply by working in extremely diluted solutions, where the speed of combination is low because an FMN molecule so seldom happens to collide with a protein-molecule. We then varied the degree of acidity, ionic milieu and temperature, and we treated the protein with a large number of different reagents which affect in a known way different groups in proteins. In this way we succeeded with a rather high degree of certainty in ascertaining that phosphoric acid in FMN is linked to primary amino-groups in the protein, and the imino-group (3) in FMN to the phenolic hydroxyl group in a tyrosine residue, whereby the fluorescence is extinguished.
We still do not quite understand how through its linkage to the coenzyme the enzyme-protein "activates" the latter to a rapid absorption and giving off of hydrogen. But something we do know. The so-called oxido-reduction potential of the enzyme is in any case of great importance, and it is determined by a simple relation to the dissociation constants for the oxidized and for the reduced coenzyme-enzyme complex. The dissociation constants are in their turn functions of the velocity constants for the combination between coenzyme and enzyme and for the reverse process, and these velocity constants we have been able to determine both in the yellow ferment and in a number of enzyme systems. Without going into any details I may mention that the linkage of coenzyme to enzyme was found to have surprisingly big effects upon the potential of the former.
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases occur in both the animal and the vegetable kingdoms, e.g. in liver, in yeast, and in peas. They are colourless proteins which together with DPN may either oxidize alcohol to aldehyde, as occurs chiefly in the liver, or conversely reduce aldehyde to alcohol, as occurs in yeast.
The yeast enzyme was crystallized by Negelein & Wulf (1936) in Warburg's institute, the liver enzyme (from horse liver) by Bonnichsen & Wassén at our institute in Stockholm in 1948. These two enzymes have come to play a certain general rôle in biochemistry on account of the fact that it has been possible to investigate their kinetics more accurately than is the case with other enzyme systems. The liver enzyme especially, we have on repeated occasions studied with particular thoroughness, since especially favourable experimental conditions here presented themselves. For all reactions with DPN-system it is possible to follow the reaction DPN+ + 2H =+ DPNH + H+ spectrophotometrically, since DPNH has an absorption-band in the more long-wave ultraviolet region, at 340 rnp, and thousands of such experiments have been performed all over the world. A couple of years ago, moreover, we began to apply our fluorescence method, which is based on the fact that DPNH but not DPN fluoresces, even if considerably more weakly than the flavins. Asregards the liver enzyme there is a further effect, which proved extremely useful for certain spectrophotometrical determinations of reaction speeds; together with Bonnichsen I found in 1950 that the 340 rnp band of the reduced coenzyme was displaced, on combination with liver alcohol dehydrogenase, to 325 rnp, and together with Britton Chance we were thus able with the help of his extremely refined rapid spectrophotometric methods to determine the velocity constant for this very rapid reaction. This reaction belongs to the 3 bost problem involving the enzyme, the coenzyme, and the substrate, and both the coenzyme and the substrate occur in both oxidized and reduced forms.
It is a curious whim of nature that the same coenzyme which in the yeast makes alcohol by attaching hydrogen to aldehyde also occurs in the liver to remove from alcohol the same hydrogen, so that the alcohol becomes aldehyde again, which is then oxidized further
Heme proteins
In 1936 we had obtained cytochrome approximately 80% pure, and in 1939 close to 100%.It is a beautiful red, iron-porphyrin-containing protein which functions as a link in the chain of the cell-respiration enzymes, the iron atom now taking up and now giving off an electron, and the iron thus alternating valency between the 3-valent ferri and the 2-valent ferro stages. It is a very pleasant substance to work with, not merely because it is lovely to look at, but also because it is uncommonly stable and durable. From 100 kg horse heart one can produce 3-4 grams of pure cytochrome c. The molecule weighs about 12,000 and contains one mol iron porphyrin per-mol.
Exp. 4. Two cuvettes each contain a solution of ferricytochrome c. The colour is blood-red. To the one are added some grains of sodium hydrosulphite: the color is changed to violet-red (ferrocytochrome). Oxygen is now bubbled through the ferrocytochrome-solution: no visible change occurs. The ferrocyto-chrome can thus not be oxidized by oxygen. A small amount of cytochrome oxidase is now added: the ferricytochrome color returns.
From this experiment we can draw the conclusion that reduced cytochrome c cannot react with molecular oxygen. In a chain of oxidation enzymes it will thus not be able to be next to the oxygen. The incapacity of cytochrome to react with oxygen was a striking fact that required an explanation. Another peculiarity was the extremely firm linkage between the red heme pigment and the protein part; in contradistinction to the majority of other heme protides, the pigment cannot be split off by the addition of acetone acidified with hydrochloric acid. Further, there was a displacement of the light-absorption bands which indicated that the two unsaturated vinyl groups occurring in ordinary protohemin were saturated in the hematin of
the cytochrome. In 1938 we succeeded in showing that the porphyrin part of the cytochrome was linked to the protein by means of two sulphur bridges from cysteine residues in the protein of the porphyrin in such a way that the vinyl groups were saturated and were converted to α-thioether groups. The firmness of the linkage and the displacement of the spectral bands were herewith explained. This was the first time that it had been possible to show the nature of chemical linkages between a "prosthetic" group (in this case iron porphyrin) and the protein part in an enzyme.
The light-absorption bands of the cytochrome showed that it is a so-called hemochromogen, which means that two as a rule nitrogen-containing groups are linked to the iron, in addition to the four pyrrol-nitrogen atoms in the porphyrin. From magnetic measurements that I made at Linus Pauling's institute in Pasadena and from amino-acid analyses, titration curves and spectrophotometry together with Å. Åkeson it emerged (1941) that the nitrogen-containing, hemochromogen-forming groups in cytochrome c were histidine residues, or to be more specific, their imidazole groups. Recently we have got a bit farther. Tuppy & Bodo in Vienna began last year with Sanger's method to elucidate the amino


text:
Good Cards Patent
The innovation in which an application has been submitted to be patented is the "method and system for action tracking", which in particular relates to the tracking of an action of user. Pawel Nazaruk is the owner of the patent application which was submitted to the USPTO on 6th February 2016.
The key components of the Patent application are:
1. A method for tracking an action of a user, comprising:
a. obtaining a first set of data from the user;
b. associating the obtained first set of data to a profile of the user; and #
c. determining a second set of data that is associated to the first set of data.
2. A system for tracking an action of a user, comprising: #
a. a data acquisition module adapted to obtain the first set of data from the user;
b. an analytics module adapted at least to associate the obtained first set of data to a profile of the user and to determine a second set of data that is associated to the first set of data;
c. a storage module adapted to store at least the first set of data and second set of data; and d. one or more processing module adapted to process at least the first set of data, the second set of data and the profile of the user.
Prior to the submission of the patent application, a freedom to operate analysis was undertaken in order to determine whether or not this patent application could interfere with the rights of others. Searches have been made through Espacenet and USPTO to discover whether this innovativation is unique. There have been no results yielded that suggest the application for this patent conflicts with existing patents.
This innovation that has been submitted for patent has the potential to create better communications amongst individuals and provide accurate information on the impact of social good deeds committed by individuals which has previously been difficult to track. This identifiable information can also be used to inspire others to do good deeds.
In regards to implementing regulations, there are several EU regulations/Directives which this innovation addresses and which provide new business opportunities. For example, there are several EU Directives focusing on the use of energy including:
Directive 2009/28 / EC, which states the principle of 3×20 EU Member States
Directive of the European Parliament and the Council 2009/125 / EC of 21 October 2009, which establishes a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products
The Goods Cards patent has the power to meet EU Regulations as the goals and missions to be documented by the user tracking mechanism are focused on creating environmental and social benefits which are current issues faced by the globe today.


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We have a tree in our front pasture that has green type nuts on it. If it is a black walnut then I'm probably going to have problems as this small pasture is our biggest pasture (no horses on it yet but soon)..should it be cut down and then let the pasture sit and get rained on? It might be more than one tree.. I will double check.
I have a walnut tree smack in the middle of one of my pastures. Horses pulled all the bark off, and the tree has gradually died. Not one single dead horse though! The dangerous time is when you get the chainsaw out.
I know a family that has pastured horses in a pasture with several black walnut trees with no ill effects. It would still make me nervous though even though I know the tree itself is not dangerous, just the sawdust from it's wood.
"My biggest fear is that when I die my husband is going to try to sell all my horses and tack for what I told him they cost."
Article more general; Black Walnut Toxicity to Plants, Humans and Horses
Richard C. Funt Jane Martin
The roots of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) produce a substance known as juglone (5-hydroxy-alphanapthaquinone). Persian (English or Carpathian) walnut trees are sometimes grafted onto black walnut rootstocks. Many plants such as tomato, potato, blackberry, blueberry, azalea, mountain laurel, rhododendron, red pine and apple may be injured or killed within one to two months of growth within the root zone of these trees. The toxic zone from a mature tree occurs on average in a 50 to 60 foot radius from the trunk, but can be up to 80 feet. The area affected extends outward each year as a tree enlarges. Young trees two to eight feet high can have a root diameter twice the height of the top of the tree, with susceptible plants dead within the root zone and dying at the margins.
Not all plants are sensitive to juglone. Many trees, vines, shrubs, groundcovers, annuals and perennials will grow in close proximity to a walnut tree. Certain cultivars of "resistant" species are reported to do poorly. Black walnut has been recommended for pastures on hillsides in the Ohio Valley and Appalachian mountain regions. Trees hold the soil, prevent erosion and provide shade for cattle. The beneficial effect of black walnut on pastures in encouraging the growth of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and other grasses appears to be valid as long as there is sufficient sunlight and water.
Gardeners should carefully consider the planting site for black walnut, butternut, or persian walnut seedlings grafted to black walnut rootstock, if other garden or landscape plants are to be grown within the root zone of mature trees. Persian walnut seedlings or trees grafted onto Persian walnut rootstocks do not appear to have a toxic effect on other plants.
Horses may be affected by black walnut chips or sawdust when they are used for bedding material. Close association with walnut trees while pollen is being shed (typically in May) also produce allergic symptoms in both horses and humans. The juglone toxin occurs in the leaves, bark and wood of walnut, but these contain lower concentrations than in the roots. Juglone is poorly soluble in water and does not move very far in the soil. Walnut leaves can be composted because the toxin breaks down when exposed to air, water and bacteria. The toxic effect can be degraded in two to four weeks. In soil, breakdown may take up to two months. Black walnut leaves may be composted separately, and the finished compost tested for toxicity by planting tomato seedlings in it. Sawdust mulch, fresh sawdust or chips from street tree prunings from black walnut are not suggested for plants sensitive to juglone, such as blueberry or other plants that are sensitive to juglone. However, composting of bark for a minimum of six months provides a safe mulch even for plants sensitive to juglone.
I have black walnut trees as well, and was worried about them, just as you are.
That was 10 years ago, all are fine, both horses and trees.
No need to worry, darn things pop up like bad weeds around here.
The squirrels hiding the walnuts in the ground are a bigger problem
There is just as much horse sense as ever, but the horses have most of it.
My neighbor used to pay her kids a dollar for every 5 gallon pail of walnuts they could pick out of the pasture. Made a nice business for the kids. The horses never suffered from the presence (or absence) of the walnuts.
Re your dead walnut tree. Salvageable for wood? friends who have land up north sold off a bunch of walnut trees to pay for their kids' college. I don't know if you can sell them one-at-a-time but maybe there's a specialty woodworker who'd like to get their hands on it?
I have about 40 trees or so on my 23 acres and have never had a problem. The large nuts DO hurt when they hit you tho'!!! And it confuses the horses if they get clunked on the head.
Walking on the nuts takes some doing and yes I have very happy squirrels!
Post a note on Craigslist if you want to get rid of the nuts. Some people (like me!) would gladly take them off your hands. I've been tempted to stop at people's houses and ask them if they'd mind if I clean up their front yards for them....black walnuts are exquisite! (And very expensive to buy already shelled!)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Upcoming regulatory actions for Lead and Indium Tin Oxide
The European Chemicals Agency has published an update of the status of the Risk Management Option Analysis (RMOA) undertaken for several substances. In particular, it indicated that it is needed to initiate further regulatory risk management action for lead and Indium tin oxide.
The assessment of lead was conducted by Sweden which was concerned about its CMR properties. According to the RMOA conclusion document, "since lead metal is classified as Repr. 1A it fulfils the criteria for Article 57 (c) in REACH and since it is widely used in large volumes the substance also fulfils the SVHC Roadmap for 2020 relevance criteria. Owing to the hazardous properties of the substance there is a need for regulatory risk management for lead. Identification as SVHC and subsequent inclusion in Annex XIV is considered the preferred risk management option, in line with previous regulation of other lead compounds." Additionally, "one major concern is the potential for occupational lead exposure considering the high volumes being used in the EU. Taking the type and severity of the health effects into account, a lowering of the current occupational exposure limit and biological limit value to protect workers appears to be justified." The inclusion of lead in the candidate list is expected for February 2018.
INDIUM TIN OXIDE
The assessment of Indium tin oxide was conducted by the Netherands (NL-CA). According to the RMOA conclusion document, "Evaluating the possibility to propose harmonized classification under CLP would be a logical first step towards any further regulatory measures. Given the effects observed in humans, harmonised classification as STOT RE 1 may be possible. Depending on the classification, the Authorisation route could be considered. Awaiting possible further risk management measures depending on the actual registration of Indium tin oxide in 2018, the NL-CA advices to contact those facilities for which is known they may work with indium tin oxide to make sure they are aware of the possible severe health effects of exposure".Click on the above substances to access their regulatory maps. Do you want to be notified in case of news or regulatory changes related those substances? Add them to your monitoring list! If you do not have have a Chemycal account, contact us for a free trial: _EMAIL_
Source: European Chemicals Agency


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Bandar Abbas
[buhn-der uh-bahs]
Bandar Abbas or Bandar-e 'Abbās (in Persian: بندر عباس; formerly known as Gombroon to English traders and Gamrun to Dutch merchants) is a port city and capital of Hormozgān Province on the southern coast of Iran (Persia), on the Persian Gulf. The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Straits of Hormuz, and it is the location of the main base of the Iranian Navy. It had an estimated population of 352,173 in 2005.
History and etymology
Ancient history
The earliest record of Bandar Abbas is during the reign of Darius the Great (between 586 and 522 B.C.). Darius's commander, Silacus, embarked from Bandar Abbas to India which is now present Pakistan and the Red Sea
During Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire, Bandar Abbas was known under the name of Hormirzad.
Descendants of Gameronians
In the year 630 CE, Maharaja Derbar Raja of Gemeron was defeated in battle and escaped to Ceylon, and he was later blown off course by a storm to the remote shores of Kuala Sungai Qilah, Kedah (now Malaysia). The inhabitants of Kedah found him to be a valiant and intelligent person, and they made him the king of Kedah. In the year 634 CE, a new kingdom was formed in Kedah consisting of Persian royalty and native Malay of Hindu faith, the capital was Langkasuka. (see Kedah Sultanate and Early history of Kedah)
The Renaissance and Enlightenment
By the 1500s, Bandar Abbas was known as Gamrūn to the Persians. In 1565, a European navigator called it Bamdel Gombruc (that is, Bandar Gümrük, or "Customhouse Port"), citing this as the Persian and Turkish name. In 1612, the Portuguese took the city from Lorestān and transliterated the name to Comorão.
Almost two years later (in 1615), Comorão was taken by 'Abbās the Great after a naval battle with the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e 'Abbās, or "Port of 'Abbās". Backed by the British navy, 'Abbās developed Bandar-e 'Abbās (known to the English-speaking world as Gombraun) into a major port.
By 1622, the Portuguese and English names had been officially combined to form Combrù or Combu, although the inhabitants still called it Bandar-e 'Abbās. Sir Thomas Herbert said the official English name was Gumbrown, but pronounced "gŏmrōōn". He wrote in 1630 that "some (but I commend them not) write it Gamrou, others Gomrow, and othersome Cummeroon."
By the 1670s, the city was known as 'Gameroon
From 1740 onward, control of the town was sold to various Arab rulers, and from c. 1780 it was controlled by Muscat (now a governorate of Oman). In 1868, during Oman's decline, the town reverted to Persian rule.
Modern history
In the 1980s, the name "Gameron" was changed in favor of "Bandar Abbas", following similar movements with Iranian names (see Iran naming dispute).
Bandar Abbas serves as a major shipping point for mostly imports, and has a long history of trade with India. Thousands of tourists visit the city and nearby islands including Qeshm and Hormuz every year.
Bandar Abbas is situated on flat ground with an average altitude of 9 m (30 ft) above sea level. The nearest elevated areas are Mt. Geno, 17 km (11 mi) to the north, and Mt. Pooladi, 16 km (10 mi) to the northwest of the city. The closest river to Bandar Abbas is the River Shoor, which is rooted from Mt. Geno and pours into the Persian Gulf, 10 km (6 mi) east of the city.
Bandar Abbas has a hot and humid climate. Maximum temperature in summers can reach up to 49 °C (120 °F) while in winters the minimum temperature drops to about 5 °C (40 °F). The annual rainfall is around 251 mm (1 in) and the relative humidity is 66%.
minimum average temperature (°F) 53.8 57.2 63.5 69.6 76.5 82.4 86.5 86.2 81.9 74.3 64.4 56.3
maximum average temperature (°F) 74.3 75.9 81.9 88.9 97.3 101.1 100.8 99.9 98.2 95 86.7 77.9
rainfall (in inches) 1.56 1.87 1.37 0.42 0.19 0 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.2 0.94
days of rain 3.3 3.1 2.6 1.3 0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 2.3
Source : World Meteorological Organization
Bandar Abbas International Airport has capacity and facilities for landing large transport airplanes.
Bandar Abbas is accessible via the following highways:
 - Bandar Abbas-Sirjan, 300 km (186 mi) to the northeast.
 - Bandar Abbas-Kerman, 484 km (301 mi) to the northeast.
 - Bandar Abbas-Shiraz, 650 km (404 mi) to the north.
 - Bandar Abbas-Zahedan, 722 km (449 mi) to the east.
Original Bandaris (residents of Bandar Abbas) speak Bandari (بندری), a dialect of Persian. Bandari may be similar to Middle Persian and Balochi. Bandari has loanwords from various European languages (e.g. tawāl, "towel") and Arabic (e.g. atā [اتا], "to come").
 - Transit goods, dates, citrus, tobacco, fishery; Bandar Abbas was formerly famous for its export of Iranian pottery, known as "gombroon".
# Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences
# University of Hormozgan
# Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas
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Reset Grecom Scanner
Use this document to factory reset a Grecom scanner and program a frequency to be stored in memory.
Before beginning, please read all the way through these instructions to familiarize yourself with the steps.
Resetting Grecom Scanner
- Turn the scanner OFF and Unplug the audio cable from the rear of the scanner.
- Turn the scanner On. "WELCOME" will scroll across the screen.
- During the "WELCOME" message, press "0" and wait one second
- Press "1", wait one second, and then Press "ENT"
- The "WELCOME" message will scroll across the screen again then the center of the display should read "1CH _PHONE_". NOTE: If you see other numbers in the center of the display, start over at step 1.
- Press "1" and then press "PGM"
- Using the number keys, enter your dispatch frequency. NOTE: YOU MUST USE THE PERIOD "." KEY WHEN ENTERING YOUR FREQUENCY.
- When your frequency is entered, press "ENT"
- Set the volume knob to the 10 o'clock position.
- Adjust the squelch knob to the point that just makes no static be heard. (12 o'clock is recommended)
- Have your NORMAL DISPATCH CENTER do a test dispatch. DO NOT use a base radio in your station. Verify that you can hear the dispatch through the scanner.
- Insert the audio cable into the headphone jack on the rear of the scanner. DO NOT use the PC/IF jack
Your scanner is now programmed to the proper frequency and ready for use.
We strongly recommend that you attach a note to your scanner/detector stating "DO NOT TOUCH."
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(CNN) -- The Chinese air force have a new secret weapon: monkeys.
The People's Liberation Army Air Force has trained macaques to keep its troops safe by discouraging birds from nesting near the air force base, the PLA's website reported earlier this week.
The monkeys are used in an unidentified air force base in northern China, which is situated right on a major migratory route for birds.
When swarms of birds fly around the base, it poses a threat to military planes that are in mid-flight. The birds could potentially get sucked into plane engines, endangering the lives of both birds and pilots.
"Don't worry, we now have a secret weapon!" Su Chuang, a high-ranking officer, was quoted as saying on the PLA website. The officer was referring to the specially-trained monkeys that answer to the sound of a whistle.
When the nests of birds are discovered in tree tops, the monkey army is deployed to remove them.
The PLA have tried many different methods to remove the nests in the past, including opening fire on the nests, using long bamboo poles to topple them out of trees, and having soldiers climb the trees to pick them out.
None of these methods were very effective. Apart from being time-consuming and dangerous for the officers who had to climb the trees, the birds kept coming back.
However, when monkeys remove the nests, the birds do not return, as the macaques leave a scent on the branches that discourage the birds, according to the PLA's web posting.
"The monkeys are loyal bodyguards who defend the safety of our comrades," said the web report.
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Dust from Syria blows along the course of the Euphrates River into Iraq in this natural-color image from June 18, 2010. The web of green that surrounds the river is only faintly visible through the veil of light-colored dust.
The dust appears to be coming from salt pans or dry lakes in northern Syria, west of the Euphrates River. Visible only in the large, full-resolution image, the salt pans are lighter in color than the surrounding desert. Salt pans form in desert regions when water evaporates from a lake, leaving behind fine silt and minerals. Wind easily lifts the light, loose silt. Salt pans are among the most frequent sources of wind-blown dust in the world.
Some of the dust may also be coming from dry areas along the Euphrates River. Drought decimated the region, shrinking the river in 2008 and 2009. Regardless of good rains in the winter of 2009-2010, some areas along the river are probably still dry and prone to dust storms.
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this image on June 18, 2010. The large image is the highest-resolution version of the image. The image is available in additional resolutions from the MODIS Rapid Response Team.
- al-Hasani, S. (2010, June 4). Baghdad urged to tackle water crisis. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, published on ReliefWeb. Accessed June 18, 2010.


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The ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks is essential to maintain chromosomal stability. Virtually all soft tissue sarcomas contain chromosomal instabilities, including clonal aberrations and cytogenetic aberrations. However, the relevance of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in the pathogenesis of soft tissue sarcoma has not been clarified. The main aim of this work is to compare the prognostic impact of genotypic imbalance in lowgrade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities, and to correlate this with the translational level of DNA-PK. This study investigated 28 adult low-grade malignant spindle cell tumours of the extremities, predominantly fibrosarcomas, for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite mutation on flanking regions of each DNA-PK subunit, with identical immunophenotypes. Twelve different polymorphic markers flanking the specific loci of three subunits comprise the genetic map of DNA-PK, at 22q13, 2q35, and 8q11. Translational activity was also analysed by western blot and conventional immunohistochemistry. The overall sarcoma 5-year survival rate was 61.7%. LOH was identified in the specific coding region of DNA-PK in 39.29% for the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (cs), 17.86% for Ku70, and only 7.14% for Ku80. A positive LOH for DNA-PKcs was shown to be a significant factor for poor survival (log rank test p = 0.0160). Immunoreactivity and immunoblot results correlated with the loss of DNA-PKcs allotype in soft tissue sarcoma (Fisher's exact test p = 0.0037). Ku70 and DNA-PKcs were almost identical in terms of immunoreactivity. In conclusion, whereas microsatellite mutation seems an uncommon event during the evolution of low-grade fibrosarcoma of the extremities in adults, the loss of DNA-PKcs defines a biologically more aggressive subset.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Pathology and Forensic Medicine


Ga-Adangbe people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Ga-Adangbe)
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MarcelDesailly.JPG George Ayittey detail.jpg Obo Addy.jpg
Marcel Desailly George Ayittey Obo Addy
Harry Aikines-Aryeetey Kaunas 2009.jpg JAnkrahhead.jpg Eric Adjetey Anang.jpg
Harry Aikines-Aryeetey Joseph Ankrah Eric Anang
Paul Sackey Nii Amugi II David Hansen
Total population
(Approximately 2.0 million[1])
Regions with significant populations
Ghana - Greater Accra Region & Eastern Region-, Togo, as well as the United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil the United States of America, and Canada
Ga and Adangme
The Ga-Adangme, Gã-Adaŋbɛ, Ga-Dangme, or GaDangme are an ethnic group in Ghana and Togo. The Ga and Adangbe people are grouped respectively as part of the Ga–Dangme ethnolinguistic group.[2][3]
The Ga-Adangmes are one ethnic group that lives primarily in the Greater Accra, Eastern Region and the Volta Region of Ghana. Others areas are Aného in Togo and Benin.
Adangme occupations are fishing, trading and farming which is based on the huza system. In this system a tract of land is acquired by a group of people, usually members of an extended family; the land is subdivided among them according to the amount each has paid, and each individual thereafter has complete control of his own section. Negotiations with the seller are carried out by an elected huzatse ("father of the huza"), who later acts as the huza leader and representative. Millet was formerly the staple food, but more common crops now include cassava, yams, corn (maize), plantain, cocoa, and palm oil. Lineage members generally return to the traditional lineage home from the huza farms several times a year to participate in the festivals of their lineage gods. There are also many annual festivals.[5]
The Ga-Adangme are organized into clans based on patrilineal descent; the clans are subdivided into localized patrilineages, the basic units of the Ga-Dangme historical, political, cultural Tribal group.[5]
Linguistically, the Ga-Adangbe speak the Kwa languages Ga and Adangme and are a patrilineal people. Adangme is exclusively closer to the original Ga–Dangme languages than the Ga language.
Arts and culture[edit]
The Ga people celebrate the Homowo festival, which literally means "hooting at hunger." This festival originated several centuries ago. It is celebrated in remembrance of a great famine that hit the Ga people in the sixteenth century. It is mainly a food festival which celebrates the passing of that terrible period in Ga history. It takes place in August every year and is celebrated by all the Ga clans.
The Adangbe people from Ada celebrate the Asafotu festival, which is also called 'Asafotufiam', an annual warrior's festival celebrated by Ada people from the last Thursday of July to the first weekend of August. It commemorates the victories of the warriors in battle and is a memorial for those who fell on the battlefield. To re-enact these historic events, the warriors dress in traditional battle dress and stage a mock battle. This is also a time for male rites of passage, when young men are introduced to warfare. The festival also coincides with the harvest cycle, when these special customs and ceremonies are performed. These include purification ceremonies. The celebration reaches its climax with a durbar of chiefs, a colourful procession of the Chiefs in palanquins with their retinue. They are accompanied by traditional military groups called 'Asafo Companies' amidst drumming, singing and dancing through the streets and on the durbar grounds. At the durbar, greetings are exchanged between the chiefs, libations are poured and declarations of allegiance are made.
Music and sports[edit]
Lady Fighter in Bukom
The Ga-Adangbe music includes drumming and dancing. One of their traditional music and dance styles (albeit a fairly modern one) is kpanlogo, a modernized traditional dance and music form developed around 1960. Yacub Addy, Obo Addy, and Mustapha Tettey Addy are Ga drummers who have achieved international fame.
In addition to music, the Ga-Adangbe people are known for their long history and successes in the sport of boxing. The fishing community of Bukom on the outskirts of Accra, is considered as the mecca of boxing in Ghana and has produced several notable boxers. It is the home of many famous boxing "clubs" and gymnasiums. Notable fighters include David Kotei, Alfred Kotey, Joshua Clottey, and former WBA Welterweight champion boxer Ike Quartey, and former multi-weight class champion Azumah Nelson.[6][7]
Rites of passage[edit]
Girl in typical Dipo ceremonial dress.
For the Shai and Krobo people, the Dipo is the formal rite of passage. Originally designed as a formal marriage training for mature women in their twenties,[8] Dipo has evolved into a pre-marital sexual purification[9] rite that involves teenage girls conducting traditional religious rituals and putting on dance performances for the public. Initiates are partially nude throughout much of the ritual. In addition, they are each adorned with custom-made glass beads, colorful loin cloths, and various forms of woven headgear. According researcher and author Priscilla Akua Boakye, "[Dipo] was a form of vocational training for young women in which they were taught generally how to assume their roles as responsible women." Despite the ritual being designated for older teenaged girls, it is not uncommon for young pre-adolescent and even toddler aged girls to take part.[8]
Funerals and "fantasy" coffins[edit]
The Ga people are known for their funeral celebrations and processions. The Ga believe that when someone dies, they move to another life. Therefore, special coffins are often crafted by highly skilled carpenters since this tradition spread in the 50's. Pioneers were master craftsmen like Ataa Oko (_PHONE_) from La, and Seth Kane Kwei (_PHONE_) from Teshie.
The coffins can be anything wanted by relatives of the deceased from a pencil to any animal such as an elephant. Coffins are usually crafted to reflect an essence of the deceased, in forms such as a character trait, an occupation, or a symbol of one's standing in the community.[10] For example, a taxicab driver is most likely to be buried in a coffin shaped as a car. Many families spend excessive amounts on coffins because they often feel that they have to pay their last respects to the deceased and being buried in a coffin of cultural, symbolic as well expensive taste is seen as fitting. Prices of coffins can vary depending on what is being ordered. It is not unusual for a single coffin to cost $600. This is expensive for local families considering that it is not unusual to meet people with an income of only $50 a month. This means that funerals are often paid for by wealthier members of the family, if such a member exists, with smaller contributions coming from other working members of the family. This is needed as the coffin is only a portion of the total funeral cost that will be incurred. Some people foreign to Ghana are known to have been buried in Ga-styled coffins.[11]
Ataa Oko and his third wife, in front of his boat coffin, about 1960. p. 137,"The buried treasures of the Ga", 2008
Pompidou coffin, Kudjoe Affutu. 2010. Photo Regula Tschumi
The use of these fantasy coffins is explained by the religious beliefs of the Ga people regarding their afterlife. They believe that death is not the end and that life continues in the next world in the same way it did on earth. Ancestors are also thought to be much more powerful than the living and able to influence their relatives who are still living (lucky as they are). This is why families do everything they can to ensure that a dead person is sympathetic towards them as early as possible. The social status of the deceased depends primarily on the size and the success of the burial service and of course the usage of an exclusive coffin. Design coffins are only seen on the day of the burials when they are buried with the deceased. They often symbolise the dead people's professions, the purpose being to help them continue with their earthly profession in the afterlife. Certain shapes, such as a sword or chair coffin, represent royal or priestly insignia with a magical and religious function. Only people with the appropriate status are allowed to be buried in these types of coffins. Various creatures, such as lions, cockerels and crabs represent clan totems. Similarly, only the heads of the families concerned are permitted to be buried in coffins such as these. Many coffin shapes also evoke proverbs, which are interpreted in different ways by the Ga. Design coffins have been used since around the 1950s, especially in rural Ga groups with traditional beliefs, and have now become an integral part of Ga burial culture.
Today, figural coffins are made in several workshops in


Have you ever wondered what Heaven is like?
Purchase 10 or more copies & receive $1.00 off each booklet.
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Our ability to understand what is transpiring in heaven with a believer who has died is primarily determined by two things: 1) your understanding of what the Bible says about time, and 2) your understanding of what the Bible says heaven is like and its normal activities. There are some definite things that are occurring in heaven that a believer is experiencing, realizing, and appreciating. We hope that this booklet will give you a better appreciation that the Scriptures do teach what heaven is like and that we will not find ourselves in unfamiliar surroundings.
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text:
Editing or creating category groups
edit category groups in Money. You can
edit Budget groups though.
Category groups are used for internal parts of the program only (such as 'Advisor FYI' or 'Expert Assistant'). If you need to edit them, then you really need to question why, because your ability to use them is restricted. You possibly want a budget group, a standard category or a classification, because you can do a lot more with them.
A list of the category groups as found in the UK 2005 and US 2006 Money versions can be found at the following two links:
If you are wanting to change a category or subcategory, then see Article 317


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Galician Blond, or Rubia Gallega Cattle, have a rather glamorous name but remain quite rustic, native to the rough terrain of Spanish hill land. These indigenous cattle make fine beef and dairy cattle! Galician Blond Cattle are very important in their homeland. They do best in extensive care systems, but can adapt to almost any management system.
They are easy to handle and have been used traditionally as draft cattle! Because they were hill cattle, Galician Blond Cattle are usually weather resistant and can survive even on scarce or poor grazing! At maturity, Galician Blond Cattle have medium sized frames and appear well proportioned. Their bodies are deep, massive, and long, and the hindquarters are very well muscled.
Galician Blond Cattle have thick bones, wide backs, and voluminous chests. They range in color from pale cream to bright golden red. The mucous membranes, hooves, and horns are darker in color, usually a rich red chestnut. These cattle have extremely good legs and feet and can move athletically in rocky territory. Their meat is pink and tender, with nice marbling and a carcass yield of about 62 percent!
At maturity, Galician Blond cows can produce 2,239 kilograms of milk per lactation! It is thought that northern Spanish Cattle are descended from cattle brought into the area by the French Celts! Galician Blond Cattle are native to the Monteroso and Carballino regions, and the indigenous cattle from which they are descended are now nearly extinct.
In the 18th century, Galician Blond meat was highly valued in England! The herd book was established in 1933, and in the late 1900's, Simmental, Brown Swiss, and South Devon Cattle were all mixed into the Galician Blond pedigree. Today, the Galician Blond remains in use as a beef, draft and dairy breed. Galician Blond Cattle are traditionally kept in an extensive care system known as the "Monte Gallego" system in Spain.
In the spring, Galician Blond Cattle are driven up into the hill country where they remain until autumn. In autumn, they are brought once more into valley country where they are fed on hay grown during the summer. Galician Blond Cattle are valuable crossbreeders, imparting their genetic hardiness to other breeds. They have very easy calvings and it is quite rare that they ever need assistance.
Galician Blond Cattle are natural, attentive mothers and have good milk production. Their calves have a rapid rate of gain and 98 percent of bull calves are weaned. 98 percent of Galician Blond cows are fertile and the calving interval is about 26 months!


Rambo 1st Blood twenty fifth Anniversary Knife Evaluation
Knives can be found in homes, workplaces, activities, hobbies, and entertainment. There are butter knives, steak knives, cleavers, and paring knives in kitchens. Hikers carry pocket knives, soldiers carry utility knives, and hunters carry hunting knives. Knives, such as switchblade and daggers are used as weapons. Some entertainments consist of throwing knives. Knives are also used in some sports. Harvester knives are used for harvesting agriculture. There are also Rambo Survival Knives.
Rambo, first blood
Used in the movie, 'Rambo', where the character of Rambo used it quite often to save his own life. Rambo used the materials out of his survival kit to sew up his own wounds, other items he used from his survival kit were matches (to build fires), light torches, defending himself, and hunting. It was his preferred weapon, and the most important one.
It served as a multi-purpose tool. The franchise later created an identical knife and sold them to those who wanted to possess the trademark knife of the character 'Rambo'.
Once the movie 'First Blood' had been released, people rushed out to purchase a Rambo knife, everyone wanted one. They manufactured a crude version, with its handles available in many colors, also in camouflage. With real blades, and came with a survival kit. However, a huge controversy started over the knives being dangerous for children.
Check A Machete For A Bigger Slice of The Action.
A variety of blades & knives
With a variety of knives types used around the world, some that are considered as famous, and are collectible items. Some of them are the Long Skinny Bolo, from the Philippines (used for working with sugar cane), Machetes, from South America, American Bowie, Swiss, Curved Ghurkha, from the Ghurkha fighters in India, and more.
In today's modern world, knives are used more as a utensil, or for utility, rather than for survival like they had to in the old days.
Today they have a variety of different blades for sale. There are the Straight Back blades (normal blades), Clip Point, Curved Trailing Point, Spear Point, Drop Point, Spay Point, Needle Point, Tanto Style, Sheep's Foot, the Ulu, and the Wharncliffe blade. All of which were create with a specific use in mind, and several of them are still in use today. Any of the above knives should only be used by someone with the correct knowledge of how they are to be used, as they can otherwise be very dangerous and harmful to the user.
There are two different fashions of knives, the Fixed Blade knife, and Folding knives. Both of these are common, but, each one will have advantages and disadvantages of its own.
How to care for knives
In order for them to last, knives to be properly taken care of. They need sharpened with a wet grit stone, they should not ever be sharpened using an electrical grinding wheel, as this will leave the edges brittle. They also have to be held at a particular angle when sharpening. Always make sure your blade is sharp for a dull blade can cause injuries or accidents. To keep the edges from becoming dull they must be clean on a regular basis, and also properly stored.
Chcek for more.


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3 states of water HTML5
Water can exist in three states (or three phases):
 - Solid phase: The particles in a solid are strongly bonded to one another. Ice cubes maintain their form regardless of the container that holds them.
 - Liquid phase: The particles are no longer in an ordered state. The bonds between molecules are broken, and the liquid water takes the shape of its container. The particles are very close to one another, and so a liquid is incompressible.
 - Gaseous phase: Agitation and disorder are at the maximum level. Water vapor occupies all of the space in a container. The distances between molecules are large. A gas is compressible.
Note that water vapor is invisible.
Click on the "heat" button when the ice cubes are in the beaker.
Learning goals
 - To illustrate the microscopic behavior of molecules as a function of the phase observed.
 - To show that phase changes occur without any change in temperature.
 - To show that two phases can coexist.


1. Family and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
 Feature listing thumbnail
 Why study Family & Intimate Partner Violence?
 The burden of IPV on racial and ethnic minorities is not well documented. However, research has suggested that individuals of Hispanics and African origin are disproportionately affected by IPV. Findings from a five-year study of IPV among a nationally representative sample of couples in the U.S. indicated that Hispanics and Blacks…
 2. HIV / AIDS and other STIs
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 3. Mental Health
 Feature listing thumbnail
 Why study Mental Health?
 4. Substance Abuse
 Feature listing thumbnail
 Why study Substance Abuse?
 Drug and alcohol abuse are significant public health problems among people of all ages, economic backgrounds, races, and ethnicities. Drug use may involve illegal drugs like cocaine or marijuana, or it may involve the misuse and abuse of prescribed medications.
 Substance abuse is linked with many negative health-related consequences. For example,…


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Like the rest of the world, New Zealand relies on many natural resources which are limited or sensitive. Within the Workforce 2020 programme, we are considering how long term changes in natural resources will impact New Zealands labour market in 2020 and beyond.
Oil and water are examples of natural resources on which we rely. The depletion of cheap oil resources and the expansion of renewable sources of energy, presents future challenges and opportunities for our workforce and industry.
Similarly, the supply and management of water resources in New Zealand will have the same impacts. Even though New Zealand has plenty of water, demand is increasing, and occasional droughts or inadequate supply of clean water puts pressure on certain industries and regions. A more careful approach to managing our water resources could bring new opportunities both from an employment and a skills perspective.
Another significant resource pressure?is climate change. New Zealands long-term economic viability is linked to a changing climate. In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, responding to climate change also includes adapting to rising sea levels, changing rainfall and temperature patterns, and variable growing seasons.
From a labour market perspective, efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change are likely to impact on the level and type of employment and skills. Climate change will drive sectoral shifts, technological change and new migration patterns, which will bring both challenges and opportunities to New Zealands workforce and workplaces.
Workforce 2020 explores resource pressure issues from a labour market perspective. We are developing an evidence base about the future skills needs within New Zealand. This is important because productivity gains and economic opportunities will only be realised by having a workforce with the right mix of skills to support new business trends.
For more information on climate change, check these websites:
- New Zealand's climate change solutions website
- Ministry for the Environment web pages on climate change
For links between climate change and the labour market, check these recent international reports:
- Green jobs: towards sustainable work in a low carbon world [PDF, 209 Pages, 2.18MB, External Link]
- Eco-industry: its size, employment, perspectives and barriers to growth in an enlarged EU
- Growing the Green Collar Economy: skills and labour challenges in reducing our greenhouse emissions and national environmental footprint


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NIST Technologies Contribute to Top Science Stories of 2011
From NIST Tech Beat: January 10, 2012
Contact: Laura Ost
The top science stories of 2011, as selected by several science magazines, include two experiments and a famous computer, that relied on technology from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Physics World's top breakthrough of the year was an experiment that "shifted the morals of quantum measurement" by doing something previously thought to be impossible—tracking the paths of single particles of light (photons) passing through two closely spaced openings. Led by a University of Toronto physicist, the experiment used a NIST-made quantum dot as the source of single photons. The Physics World story can be found at _URL_ and the NIST contribution is described at _URL_
Science News and Physics Today highlighted experiments at the Atacama Cosmology Telescope in Chile that measured "gravitational lensing" of the cosmic microwave background and verified the existence of dark energy, believed to make up most of the universe and to drive its expansion. More than a dozen institutions collaborate on the research. The telescope camera relies on superconducting sensors based on a NIST design and superconducting amplifiers and electronics made at NIST. Gravitational lensing refers to distortions in the afterglow of the Big Bang caused by the gravitational force of matter distributed across the universe.
Physics Today editors selected the research as one of seven highlights of the most important and interesting news in physics and related sciences: _URL_ (see "The demonstration of gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background"). Science News included the work in its roundup of 2011 Science News of the Year, as one of 18 items in the Atom & Cosmos category: _URL_ (see "Dark Check" entry).
Several groups, including New Scientist, Discover magazine and National Public Radio, also cited one of the most-watched technology events of the year: the February 2011 victory of the IBM supercomputer Watson on the TV game show Jeopardy. IBM researchers have noted that Watson's roots are in the question answering (QA) systems developed by IBM for their participation in the NIST Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) QA track starting in 1999. See our story above for news on the 21st Annual Text Retrieval Conference.


text:
The flow over a high-viscosity fluid layer as a drag enhancement technique
Tipus de documentText en actes de congrés
EditorAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
Condicions d'accésAccés restringit per política de l'editorial
It is well known that hydrodynamic drag reduction can be obtained by locally surround-ing an immersed solid boundary with another low viscosity-fluid resulting in a lubricating effect. In aerodynamics propulsion, this principle has been used in the so called super-cavitation, in which the viscous drag resistance acting on a, say, torpedo or submarine is substantially reduced by enclosing the body in a low-viscosity gas bubble. In this paper we are exploring the same idea but in an opposite direction, namely: we want to know if creating a high-viscosity fluid layer or film can result in an anti-lubricating effect in which the viscous drag resistance is substantially increased, i.e., a drag enhancement technique. The main motivation behind this idea is in application to the Red planet for landing large payloads as for example in future human missions with payloads several factors larger than an unmanned spacecraft and where the thin atmosphere of Mars sharply reduce the aerobraking capabilities. Utilizing a simplified turbulent layer model the theoretical justification of this rather intuitive idea is outlined. Some preliminary computational fluid dynamics calculations were performed which encourage further research.
CitacióArias, F.J., De Las Heras, S.A. The flow over a high-viscosity fluid layer as a drag enhancement technique. A: AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. "53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Atlanta, GA, 10-12 July 2017". Atalnta, Georgia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2017, p. 1-5.
Versió de l'editorhttps://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2017-4877


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First, make sure you have a myFOSSIL account, this is required to upload your fossil information. If you are interested in seeing if your fossil can be used for research purposes, please follow through the following steps. They walk you through the information needed and why it is helpful for other scientists to use it for research questions. Even if the information you have on your fossil is not enough to be used for research purposes it will still benefit the community through educational means and help others identify their fossils. Specimens that have sufficient information will be uploaded to iDigBio and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) for public accessibility.
If you have already gone through the stepwise process that explains each piece of data please click through to a summary tab where you can enter in your specimen data on a single page.
Data Quality Information Page


text:
Nightcaps were worn by men from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, not simply for night attire, but for informal, domestic day and evening wear, specifically after the 1660s, to cover the head after removing the wig. Usually made of linen, and often lavishly embroidered with coloured silks and metal threads, they were made as close-fitting dome-shaped caps in the seventeenth century. In the eighteenth century they became looser, more like a turban, and were frequently worn with the nightgown or banyan, again, not for bed but for informal relaxing about the house, or even for entertaining family and friends.
The yellow nightcap in the main image dates from around 1700, and is entirely covered with floral embroidery on a split-stitch yellow silk ground, with blue silk ties and trim. The black and white print below shows an eighteenth century man sitting at ease in a similar cap, having taken off his heavy hot wig. The other embroidered cap below is more dome-shaped and dates from the early seventeenth century. It is highly decorated with silk and silver thread embroidery and stitched with popular classical motifs like the phoenix and the obelisk surrounded by a scrolling leaf and flower design. Blackwork caps were also common, as were white linen ones, quilted for warmth, or trimmed with expensive bobbin or needlelaces.
Full item descriptions:


text:
Nathaniel P. Banks
24th Governor of Massachusetts
- Father of Nathaniel P. Banks — 2nd Generation
- Ahnentafel No:
- John Banks
- Susannah Prentice
- Birth Date:
- 1 Aug 1783
- Birth Location:
- Alstead, Cheshire, New Hampshire
- Christening Date:
- Christening Location:
- Death Date:
- 24 Apr 1857
- Death Location:
- Waltham, Middlesex, Massachusetts
- Burial Date:
- Burial Location:
- Grove Hill Cemetery, Waltham, Middlesex, Massachusetts
- Spouse Name:
- Rebecca Greenwood
- Marriage Date:
- 29 Jan 1815
- Marriage Location:
- Watertown, Middlesex, Massachusetts
Nathaniel Prentice Banks (Ahnentafel No:1 )
Nathaniel Prentice Banks
Scroll down to see sources.
Sources for Nathaniel Prentice Banks
- 1 Find A Grave, (accessed 01/08/2020).
- 2 Massachusetts, U.S., Town and Vital Records, _PHONE_, Marriage record for Nathaniel P Banks and Rebecca Greenwood.
- 3 Massachusetts: Vital Records, _PHONE_, Waltham, Vol. 1, p. 112, Marriage intention for Nathaniel P Banks and Rebecca Greenwood.
- 4 Massachusetts: Vital Records, _PHONE_, Waltham, Vol. 112, p. 178, Death record for Nathaniel P Banks.
- 5 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1852, Vol. 6, p. 274.
- 6 New Hampshire: Births, Deaths and Marriages, _PHONE_, Vol. Births B to 1901, p. 5028, Birth record for Nathaniel Prentice Banks.
- 7 Binney, Charles James Fox, The History and Genealogy of the Prentice, or Prentiss Family, in New England, Etc., from 163 1 to 1883, 2nd Edition, Boston: Published by the Editor (1883), 66.
- 8 Greenwood, Isaac John, The Greenwood Family of Norwich, England in America, Concord, New Hampshire: Rumford Press (1934), 86, gives Nathaniel's wedding date as 12 FEB 1815.
- 9 Wikipedia, "Nathaniel P. Banks", (accessed 01/08/2020).


text:
Creating a Webhook in your Datadog Account
1. In the Integrations section of your Datadog account, search for the Webhook integration and Install.
2. Open the Configuration tab and scroll down to enter Webhook details:
Name: Enter any name for your Webhook. This does not need to match any of the information entered when creating your data feed in the NS1 portal.
URL: Enter the Feed URL generated in the Data Sources section of the NS1 portal.
3. In the Monitors section, select New Monitor and choose the appropriate monitor type. This integration is compatible with Host, Metric, Custom check, Event and Outlier types.
4. Fill out your monitoring preferences as you normally would. The Monitor Name entered in step 3 must match the name you enter in the Datadog Monitor Name field in the NS1 portal and the monitoring message needs to include a request to notify the webhook you created (eg. Notify _USER_-NS1_Webhook).
Connecting to Datadog in the NS1 Portal
1. Navigate to the Integrations section of the NS1 portal, scroll down to the list of Supported Services and click on Datadog.
2. Click on "Create an Incoming Datafeed," which will prompt you to fill out the following fields:
- Name (for internal reference): As it implies, this name does not need to match anything entered in your Datadog account.
- Fail on "Warning": Likewise, if you have configured any warnings in Datadog, it is possible to have these alerts result in a Down marking by checking the box. If left unchecked, up/down will be left unchanged from prior state.
- Fail on "No Data": Datadog will report one of four statuses - Triggered, Recovered, Warning and No Data. Triggered status will always result in a Down marking and Recovered in Up. If box is checked, No Data status will result in a Down marking. If left unchecked, there will be no impact to up/down status.
- Datadog Monitor Name: This must be an exact match for the monitor name entered in Datadog.
3. Under the Zones section of the NS1 portal, navigate to a record that contains Answers you wish to monitor via Datadog.
4. If your Filter Chain is already configured with the Up filter, click Filter Data to make the associated metadata appear. Alternatively, you can click the gear icon next to All Answer Data to make all metadata appear.
5. Now click the plug icon in the Up metadata row for the answer you would like to connect to Datadog. We'll use the primary 22.214.171.124 answer in this example. Choose 3rd Party Integrations.
6. Your newly created Datadog alert will appear alongside any previously configured 3rd-party integrations. Click on the Datadog integration and hit Save.


text: The history of Christianity in Karbi Anglong is started from 1857, when the Home Board of the American Baptist Missionary Society sent out an exploratory team of missionaries to Karbi Anglong. Subsequently, they commissioned C. F. Tolman in 1859 to be the first missionary to the Karbis. The seed of Christianity that was planted then has been bearing fruits continuously. However, due to different factors, the growth rate is comparatively dead slow and small. As reflected in 2001 census, out of the total population of 8, 12,320, a margin of 14.45% are Christians in Karbi Anglong and the majority of these Christians belong to the Baptist denomination.


text:
European Union (Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions) Regulations 2022
The European Union (Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions) Regulations 2022 (the 2022 Regulations) became law on 16 December 2022. They transpose EU Directive 2019/1152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions in the European Union.
Legislative Changes Arising from the 2022 Regulations
To transpose directive 2019/1152, amendments have been made to the following pieces of legislation:
- Terms of Employment (Information) Act 1994
- Organisation of Working Time Act 1997
- Protection of Employees (Fixed-Term Work) Act 2003
- Workplace Relations Act 2015
Amendments to the Terms of Employment (Information) Act 1994
A point to note about these Regulations: there is an expanded definition of "contract of employment" and thus of "employee" which now includes a contract whereby "an individual agrees with another person personally to execute any work or service for that person".
Amendment to the statement of terms of employment
The Employment (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2018 introduced the right to a day five statement of five core pieces of information.
The "Day 5" statement has been amended to now include additional information relating to:
- The duration and conditions relating to a probationary period, if applicable.
In addition to this, a number of items that were previously part of the written statement to be provided within two months must now be provided as part of the "Day 5" statement:
- The place of work or, where there is no fixed or main place of work, a statement specifying that the employee is employed at various places or is free to determine his or her place of work or to work at various places;
- The title, grade, nature or category of work for which the employee is employed or a brief description of the work;
- The date of commencement of contract of employment;
- Any terms and conditions relating to hours of work (including overtime).
Separately, all other terms of employment required to be given to the employee under the Terms of Employment (Information) Act 1994 are now required within one month.
This written statement must now include the following additional terms:
- The training, if any, to be provided by the employer;
- In the case of a temporary contract of employment, the identity of the user undertakings i.e., the person or firm hiring the agency worker
- If the work pattern of the employee is entirely or mostly unpredictable, the principle that the work schedule is variable, the number of guaranteed paid hours and the remuneration for work performed in addition to those guaranteed hours, the reference hours and days within which the employee may be required to work and the minimum notice period the employee is entitled to before the start of a work assignment;
- The identity of the social security institutions receiving the social insurance contributions attached to the contract of employment and any protection relating to social security provided by the employer.
The written statement to be provided to employees who are required to work outside the State must now also include:
- The country or countries in which the work outside the State is to be performed and its duration.
Where an employee is a posted worker within the meaning of the European Union (Posting of Workers) Regulations 2016, additional information must be be provided, namely:
- The remuneration to which the employee is entitled in accordance with the applicable law of the host Member State (i.e. Irish law);
- Any allowances specific to the posting, if any, and any arrangements for reimbursing expenditure on travel, board and lodging;
- The link to the official national website developed by the host Member State concerning the posting of workers and the provision of services [see Posted Workers - Workplace Relations Commission]
Any change to the information provided must be notified to the employee by or before the day the change takes effect.
Form of Statement to be Provided
The 2022 Regulations provide that any statement to be provided to employees under the Terms of Employment (Information) Act 1994 as amended by the 2022 Regulations, shall be:
- In writing;
- Signed and dated on behalf of the employer
- Transmitted on paper, or is accessible to employee, which can be printed and stored and the employer must retain proof of transmission or receipt in electronic form.
Maximum Duration of Probationary Period
Up to now, probationary periods have been a matter for employment contracts and not subject to statute.
With effect from 1 August 2022, in situations where an employee is subject to a probationary period at the commencement of employment, that period shall not exceed six months, except in limited circumstances as provided for in the regulations. In those limited exceptions the maximum period may be extended to no more than twelve months.
The Directive ensures that an employer shall not prohibit an employee from taking up employment with another employer, outside of the work schedule established with the first named employer. An employer shall not subject an employee to adverse treatment for taking up employment with another employer.
An employer may restrict an employee from taking up other employment if they have objective grounds for doing so. Examples1 of such objective grounds may be:
- Health and safety,
- Protection of business confidentiality,
- Integrity of public service,
- Avoidance of conflicts of interest.
Details of any restriction, including the objective grounds on which the restriction is based, must be included in the contract of employment or in a written statement provided to the employee.
Transition to Another form of Employment
An employee, who has completed their probationary period and has been in continuous service with an employer for at least six months, may request a form of employment with more predictable and secure working conditions, where available, and receive a reasoned reply from their employer. An employee can make such a request once in any twelve-month period.
An employer shall provide a reasoned written reply to the request within one month of the request. In the circumstances of a subsequent request from the same employee where the situation remains unchanged, an oral reply is permitted.
Where an employer is required by law or collective agreement to provide training to an employee to carry out the work for which they are employed, such training shall be provided to the employee free of cost and shall count as working time. Where possible, this training should take place during working hours.
Where there is a relevant agreement providing for any matters covered by the 2022 Regulations, the relevant section of the 2022 Regulations shall not apply to the employee to whom the relevant agreement has effect.
1This list is not exhaustive however the regulation lists a number of indicative objective grounds [See Regulations].
Changes to the Organisation of Working Time Act 1997
Minimum Predictability of Work
Section 17 of the Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 (OWTA) is amended by section 13 of the 2022 Regulations to provide that:
- As well as the minimum notice period specified in the OWTA, a work assignment now must take place within the reference hours and days notified to the employee as part of their written terms.
- Where the notice of a work assignment provided to an employee is not within the minimum notice period of 24 hours or the work assignment is to take place outside the reference hours and days, the employee has the possibility to refuse the work assignment without adverse consequences.
Where there is a relevant agreement, such as a collective agreement or registered employment agreement, providing for the matters referred to in section 17 of the OWTA or section 13 of the 2022 Regulations, these sections will not apply in relation to an employee to whom the relevant agreement has effect.
Changes to the Protection of Employees (Fixed-Term Work) Act 2003
Probation Periods for Fixed-Term Workers
Where a fixed-term employee has entered into a fixed-term contract with an employer which provides for a probationary period, the length of such probationary period shall be proportionate to the expected duration of the contract and the nature of the work.
Where a fixed-term contract is renewed for the same functions, the contract shall not be subject to a new probationary period.
Changes to the Workplace Relations Act 2015
Complaints to Workplace Relations Commission
Section 12 of the 2022 Regulations amends Schedule 5 of the Workplace Relations Act 2015 to allow the Workplace Relations Commission hear a complaint in relation to these amendments.


text: Assume circle contains circle. If it is possible to inscribe a quadrilateral touching with its vertices and with its sides, then it is always possible to find a quadrilateral touching both circles and passing through any point of outside. Such quadrilaterals are called bicentric. For this Demonstration circle (in tan) is fixed and the position of circle (in brown) can be changed by dragging the red center (the radius of is obtained through Fuss's formula). You can change the position of the red vertex of the quadrilateral.


text:
Embryonic definitive endoderm (DE) generates the epithelial compartment of vital organs such as liver, pancreas, and intestine. However, purification of DE in mammals has not been achieved, limiting the molecular "definition" of endoderm, and hindering our understanding of DE development and attempts to produce endoderm from sources such as embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here, we describe purification of mouse DE using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mice harboring a transgene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) inserted into the Sox17 locus, which is expressed in the embryonic endoderm. Comparison of patterns of signaling pathway activation in native mouse DE and endoderm-like cells generated from ES cells produced novel culture modifications that generated Sox17-eGFP? progeny whose gene expression resembled DE more closely than achieved with standard methods. These studies also produced new FACS methods for purifying DE from nontransgenic mice and mouse ES cell cultures. Parallel studies of a new human SOX17-eGFP ES cell line allowed analysis of endoderm differentiation in vitro, leading to culture modifications that enhanced expression of an endoderm-like signature. This work should accelerate our understanding of mechanisms regulating DE development in mice and humans, and guide further use of ES cells for tissue replacement.
View details for DOI 10.1089/scd.2011.0416
View details for PubMedID 22236333


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Generate random strings in Python
Project description
rstr is a helper module for easily generating random strings of various types. It could be useful for fuzz testing, generating dummy data, or other applications.
It has no dependencies outside the standard library, and is compatible with Python 3.
A Word of Caution
By default, rstr uses the Python random module to generate psuedorandom text. This module is based on the Mersenne Twister and is not cryptographically secure.
If you wish to use rstr for password-generation or other cryptographic applications, you must create an instance that uses SystemRandom.
For example:
>> from rstr import Rstr
>> from random import SystemRandom
>> rs = Rstr(SystemRandom())
The basic method of rstr is rstr(). At a minimum, it requires one argument, an alphabet of characters from which to create a string.
>>> import rstr
>>> rstr.rstr('ABC')
By default, it will return a string between 1 and 10 characters in length. You may specify an exact length by including it as a second argument:
>>> rstr.rstr('ABC', 4)
You can also generate a range of lengths by adding two arguments. In the following case, rstr will return a string with a randomly selected length between 5 and 10 characters.
>>> rstr.rstr('ABC', 5, 10)
It's also possible to include particular characters in your string. This is useful when testing a validator to make sure that certain characters are rejected. Characters listed in the 'include' argument will always be present somewhere in the resulting string.
>>> rstr.rstr('ABC', include='&')
Conversely, you can exclude particular characters from the generated string. This is helpful when starting with a pre-defined population of characters.
>>> import string
>>> rstr.rstr(string.digits, exclude='5')
Note that any of the arguments that accept strings can also accept lists or tuples of strings:
>>> rstr.rstr(['A', 'B', 'C'], include = ['@'], exclude=('C',))
Other methods
The other methods provided by rstr, besides rstr() and xeger(), are convenience methods that can be called without arguments, and provide a pre-defined alphabet. They accept the same arguments as rstr() for purposes of specifying lengths and including or excluding particular characters.
The characters provided by string.letters in the standard library.
The characters provided by string.uppercase in the standard library.
The characters provided by string.lowercase in the standard library.
The characters provided by string.printable in the standard library.
The characters provided by string.punctuation in the standard library.
The characters provided by string.printable in the standard library, except for those representing whitespace: tab, space, etc.
The characters provided by string.digits in the standard library.
The characters provided by the concatenation of string.letters and string.punctuation in the standard library.
The characters provided by the concatenation of string.digits and string.punctuation in the standard library.
Characters commonly accepted in text input, equivalent to string.digits + string.letters + ' ' (the space character).
Characters that are safe for use in postal addresses in the United States: upperand lower-case letters, digits, spaces, and the punctuation marks period, hash (#), hyphen, and forward-slash.
Characters safe (unreserved) for use in URLs: letters, digits, hyphen, period, underscore, and tilde.
Characters that are allowed for use in hostnames, and consequently, in internet domains: letters, digits, and the hyphen.
Inspired by the Java library of the same name, the xeger() method allows users to create a random string from a regular expression.
For example to generate a postal code that fits the Canadian format:
>>> import rstr
>>> rstr.xeger(r'[A-Z]\d[A-Z] \d[A-Z]\d')
u'R6M 1W5'
xeger works fine with most simple regular expressions, but it doesn't support all Python regular expression features.
Custom Alphabets
If you have custom alphabets of characters that you would like to use with a method shortcut, you can specify them by keyword when instantiating an Rstr object:
>>> from rstr import Rstr
>>> rs = Rstr(vowels='AEIOU')
>>> rs.vowels()
You can also add an alphabet to an existing instance with the add_alphabet() method:
>>> rs.add_alphabet('odds', '13579')
>>> rs.odds()
You can combine rstr with Python's built-in string formatting to produce strings that fit a variety of templates.
An email address:
A postal address:
"""{0} {1}
{2} {3}
{4}, {5} {6}
""".format(rstr.letters(4, 8).title(),
 rstr.letters(4, 8).title(),
 rstr.digits(3, 5),
 rstr.letters(4, 10).title(),
 rstr.letters(4, 15).title(),
Project details
Download files
Files for rstr, version 2.2.6
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text:
Let $V$ be a finite dimensional highest weight representation of a (semi)-simple Lie algebra. For each $n\ge 0$ take $a_n$ to be the dimension of the space of invariant tensors in $\otimes^n V$.
In certain cases there is a formula for $a_n$. For example, for $V$ the two dimensional representation of $sl(2)$ we get $a_n=0$ if $n$ is odd and for $n$ even we get the ubiquitous Catalan numbers. In general I don't expect a formula but the sequence does satisfy a linear recurrence relation with polynomial coefficients (known as D-finite).
For example, for the seven dimensional representation of $G_2$ this sequence starts:
1, 0, 1, 1, 4, 10, 35, 120, 455, 1792, 7413, 31780, 140833, 641928, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, 69902535, 346939792, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, 46484716684, 244187539270, 1297395375129, 6965930587924
for more background see _URL_
This satisfies the recurrence
Question How does one find these recurrence relations?
Then I also have a more challenging follow-up question. The space of invariant tensors in $\otimes^n V$ also has an action of the symmetric group $S_n$ and so a Frobenius character which is a symmetric function of degree $n$.
Question How does one calculate these symmetric functions?
I know these can be calculated using plethysms individually. I am hoping for something along the lines of the first question.
Further remarks David's answer solves the problem theoretically but I want to make some remarks about the practicalities. This is in case anyone wants to experiment and also because I believe there is a more efficient method.
The $sl(2)$ example can easily be extended. For the $n$-dimensional representation $a_k$ is the coefficient of $ut^k$ in
For the case $n=3$ see _URL_ and _URL_
I am not aware of any references for $n\ge 4$. I don't know if these are algebraic.
The limitation of this method is that there is a sum over the Weyl group. This means it is impractical to implement this method for $E_8$. For the adjoint representation of $E_8$ the start of the sequence is
1 0 1 1 5 16 79 _PHONE_ 19244 156612 _PHONE_ _PHONE_
(found using LiE)