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The question is how to calculate for the general problem.
The specific problem is this:
Given a door code of $n$ numbers on a 10 digit panel, how many combinations do you have to try?
The catch is that the mechanism that senses whether the correct code has been entered has no concept of the start and end of the code. So the sequence 123456 is actually testing 3 unique door codes - my particular case uses a 4 digit code.
The question is, given this modification how many combinations are there given a code length of $n$?
In answer to the comment:
Yes, I am looking for the shortest sequence of digits that tests all combinations.
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What do you mean by "how many combinations"? Are you looking for the shortest sequence of digits that tests all possible codes? – Hans Lundmark Dec 7 '10 at 9:55
You may want to take a look at the de-Bruijn sequence at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_sequence – user3533 Dec 7 '10 at 9:58
if you add that comment as an answer i will mark it correct. – John Nicholas Dec 7 '10 at 11:24
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Consider a directed graph whose nodes are all possible strings of $n-1$ digits, and with 10 edges labelled 0,..., 9 going out from each node; the edge $x$ from node $abc\dots de$ leads to $bc\dots dex$, and should be thought of as "testing the code $abc \dots dex$". The first $n-1$ digits that you enter put you in an initial state, and for each subsequent digit you follow the corresponding edge to another state.
In your example, you start in state 123, and move through states 234, 345, 456.
Since the inand out-degree of each node is equal (=10), you can find an Eulerian circuit that passes every edge exactly once; that is, there is a sequence of length $(n-1)+10^n$ which tests all the $10^n$ codes in the shortest way imaginable (each code is tried exactly once).
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I should of said, I have not studied maths since a physics degree in 2000. Unfortunatley i am not sure how to interpret and use what you have said let alone verify it. Sorry – John Nicholas Dec 7 '10 at 11:24
_USER_: Try drawing (or imagining) this picture: write down all three-digit numbers 000, 001, 002,..., 998, 999 and draw a circle around each. From the 000 circle you draw an arrow labelled "1" to to the 001 circle, an arrow "2" to the 002 circle, etc. And in general you draw an arrow "x" (for x=0,1,...,9) from each "abc" circle to the "bcx" circle. Then you start at 000 (for example) and try to follow the arrows around this mess in such a way that you use every arrow exactly once. Euler's theorem says it's possible. [Cont.] – Hans Lundmark Dec 7 '10 at 12:12
[Cont.] As you walk along the arrows, you read off their labels, and that sequence of digits is what you should press (after the initial "000") in order to test all the codes as efficiently as possible. If you do the same construction with only the digits 0 and 1 (instead of 0 to 9), you get the figure on the Wikipedia page that user3533 pointed you to. I wasn't aware that it was called a de Bruijn sequence, so at least I've learned something new from your question. :-) (By the way, you should have said, not "of said".) – Hans Lundmark Dec 7 '10 at 12:13
That makes a lot of sense. Thankyou. As an aside, I gave up on grammer the day the americans started saying 'winningest'. Anyway I don't think there is one form of a language that is the 'correct' form - it evolves. As long as I can question and understand your gist i am happy as we can then get to the real meaning. But yeah, you're right ;) – John Nicholas Dec 9 '10 at 9:54
_USER_: Sorry about the off-topic grammar remark. I can't resist doing that sometimes. Regardless of grammar and spelling, it was probably easier for me to understand what you meant than the other way around. ;-) – Hans Lundmark Dec 9 '10 at 11:23
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From Creatures Wikia
The Laokoon Statue COB was made by Stefan Kuske.
From the readme: Laokoon Statue for your norns. Once installed in your world it will affect all creatures in front of the statue with the following results:
- Need for Pleasure Decrease: 50
- Boredom Decrease: 50
- Fear increase (don't know why?!?!): +10
- Energy (because of some magical effects): +70

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Change the language of Windows 7 on your computer
When you upgraded to Windows 7, or ran for the first time a new computer with Windows 7 pre-installed on it, you were given the choice of a language, which defaults based on your current location (country setting). The language you use in Windows 7 can be changed as you need or want: note that this feature may not be available in all editions of Windows 7 (Home Premium, Professional, and Ultimate should all have it). You can even switch to the local variant of certain languages.
Switch your computer to another language
Follow these steps to change your language in Windows 7:
- Open the start menu, and type "language" in the search field.
- When Windows 7 loads the search results, click on the "Region and Language" link:
- The "Region and Language" dialog will open, with the "Formats" tab automatic selected.
- The first setting is a dropdown menu labeled "Format", which reflects your current language:
- To use another language in Windows 7, simply make another selection in that menu: note that each language may have a regional option: if you pick English UK, for example, the word "color" will be spelled "colour". Windows 7 includes no less than 16 local and regional variations for English:
- Once you have made your choice of a different language, click on the OK button to save the new option and return to Windows. You will notice changes right away, but keep in mind that, depending on how certain programs were created, they will not follow your Windows 7 language settings: rather, they will either stay in the language in which they were written (for menus, buttons, etc.), or offer an internal setting that allows you to change display language, (or "interface language").


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1 QuestionWhy are there several notions of power in Haskell, namely
The reason is that there is no definition for the power function which covers all exotic choices for basis and exponent. It is even sensible to refine the set of power functions as it is done in the NumericPrelude project. In mathematical notation we don't respect types and we do not distinguish between powers of different types. However if we assume the most general types for both basis and exponent, the result of the power is no longer unique. Actually all possible solutions of say 1x, where x is irrational is dense in the complex unit circle. In the past I needed the power of two complex numbers only once, namely for the Cauchy wavelet (see also: ):
However, I could not use the built-in complex power function because the resulting function became discontinuous. Of course, powers of complex numbers have the problem of branch cuts and the choice of the branch built into the implementation of the complex power is quite arbitrary and might be inappropriate.
But also for real numbers there are problems:For computing
and a real 1015th root of − 1 does not exist.
So I propose some balancing: The more general the basis the less general the exponent and vice versa. I also think the following symbols are more systematic and intuitive. They are used in NumericPrelude.
|basis type||provides||symbol||exponent type||definition|
|any ring|| |
|any field|| |
|integer||multiplication and division|
|an algebraic field|| |
|rational||list of polynomial zeros (length = denominator of the exponent)|
|positive real|| |
|^?||any ring with a notion of limit||exponential series and logarithm|
- examples for rings are: Polynomials, Matrices, Residue classes
- examples for fields: Fractions of polynomials (rational functions), Residue classes with respect to irreducible divisors, in fact we do not need fields, we only need the division and associativity, thus invertible Matrices are fine
3 See also
- Haskell-Cafe: Proposal for restructuring Number classes

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Quality of Life Model
Quality of Life (QoL) refers to the experiences one has on a daily
basis. High quality refers to being engaged with others in meaningful
daily activities and having a positive experience.
of Life is a subjective image that differs for everyone.
How you define quality in your life may be different than how I
define quality in mine. However,
each of us has the opportunity to define and
carry out our own values—which enables us to experience a high quality of life.
This right is overlooked in the lives of many of the
Individuals we serve. The Quality of Model was developed to
implement the principles of Gentle Teaching, giving Individuals with
disabilities the right to define and carry out their own values.
At Globe Star, we aim to mentor Individuals with disabilities
in achieving a quality of life that fosters interdependence, or the quality of
one's life with help.
The QoL of the Individual
of Life Values
Companionship and Community
of Life Elements
of Life Assets
The QoL of the Caregiver
a Spirit of Gentleness
The QoL of the Community
the Power of the Heart
Overview of the QoL Model
State Model 460


Marvel Database
Dorma (Heroes Reborn) (Earth-616)
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Franklin's new Earth included recreations of many heroes allies and foes. Among these creations was one based on Lady Dorma, the late wife of Namor. Although this pocket universe was instantly created, it's inhabitants were given memories that "pre-dated" the creation of this reality. Little is known about the past of this realities Lady Dorma who existed in this pocket universe, however as he is based on the Dorma of Earth-616, it's entirely possible that much of her origins mirror that of her Earth-616 counterpart.
In this reality she was also be the lover of Namor (who like the Fantastic Four had been shunted into this reality by Franklin following the destruction of Onslaught.) She became implicated in Warlord Krang's plot to force Atlantis into a war with the surface world. With the people of Atlantis becoming sick from human made pollutions, it was easy for Krang to goad the hot tempered Sub-Mariner into attacking the surface world. His attack on the surface would was countered by both the newly formed Fantastic Four and Avengers teams.
Exiles Vol 1 81 page 13 Dorma (Heroes Reborn) (Earth-616)
Dorma fought beside Namor up until being convinced by his old ally Captain America to seek more diplomatic means to settle the differences between Atlantis and the surface world. However, Namor required medical attention following his fight with the surface heroes, having been secretly poisoned by Krang, and being directly attacked by Krang himself, who in a bid to seize control of Atlantis attempted to assassinate it's monarch. Dorma accompanied members of the Fantastic Four and the Avengers to a hospital where Namor was revived. The Thing destroyed Giganto ending the conflict, and Dorma returned to Atlantis.
About a year later the Avengers and Fantastic Four were returned to reality 616. The Earth soon became the plaything of The Dreaming Celestial. During this time either due to the Dreaming Celestials manipulations or through her own will, Dorma became a ruthless conquerer and took control of Atlantis. When the majority of the eastern United States flooded by a gigantic tidal wave, she had her army of Atlan warriors secure the now flooded parts of the United States and execute surface dwellers with extreme prejudice.
Another year after the departure of the heroes back to their native reality, Dr. Doom returned to this reality and decided to conquer the Earth and rule it, vowing to end the chaos wrought by the Dreaming Celestial. In order to facilitate this, Doom (along with his confidant/bodyguard Lancer) began consolidating the world powers into a collective group that would work together. Among those Doom approached was Dorma, who joined the group, however her ambitious and ruthless nature made her aspire to usurp Doom's leadership either by seducing Doom or killing him.
These ambitions came to a partial fruition when the Dreaming Celestial itself posed as Droma in an attempt to destroy Dr. Doom, gaining the aid of others in Doom's Generals. However, this plot was foiled when Doom's other ally, the Celestial named Ashema sacrificed her life to destroy the Dreaming Celestial and saved this Earth from destruction. Dorma awakened from a dream, vaguely remembering what had transpired.
Much later, Doom transported this Earth into the 616 dimension on the opposite side of Earth's sun. It would from that point on be referred to as Counter-Earth. Doom divided his time between ruling Latveria on Earth-616 and ruling much of Counter-Earth. When a freak accident caused Reed Richards to become trapped in Dr. Doom's armour, he and Lancer forced Doom's Generals into a peace pact with Earth-616, leading to the Generals, and Dorma in particular to become restless and suspicious of "Doom's" behaviour, which included a marriage to the Fantastic Four's Susan Richards. Reed, still posing as Doom had to "prove" himself by defeating all the generals in single combat. When Reed tricked the Generals into traveling back to Counter-Earth (and right into containment fields setup in Counter-Earth's version of the Baxter Building) Dorma become suspicious and fled with her Atlan warriors. She was later defeated by the Invisible Woman and Namor, when she attempted to get revenge against Sue.
She escaped and returned to Counter-Earth and resumed her dominion over Atlantis. During this time the Young Allies gathered the remaining refugees of the flooded areas of the United States aboard Attilan, which now floated over New York City. Seeing Attilan and the Allies as a threat to her rule, Dorma began amassing a stockpile of nuclear weapons which she was preparing to launch against the surface world.
When Kevin MacTaggert of Earth-58163 (in possession of Earth-1081's Morph was attempting to return to his home reality (which has briefly overwrote Earth-616 due to a reality warp) following a chase through different realities finding the perfect host body and escaping the reality hopping Exiles group, he ended up back in Reality-616. However, due to the manipulations of Heather Hudson he was transported to Counter-Earth by mistake.
MacTaggert learned of the Atlan plot to blow up Attilan and took the information to the Young Allies. There, the fusion being Order and Kaos passed their final judgment on Counter-Earth and deemed it is fit for destruction, and decided to allow Kevin MacTaggert to be the instrument of their destruction. Liking this idea, MacTaggert teleported to Atlantis where he got ready to launch the entire cache of nuclear weapons across the Earth. He was be confronted by Dorma herself who demanded he stop. In response to this, MacTaggert simply used his reality warping powers to raise Atlantis to the surface and fuse all the Atlans, including Dorma, to the land mass to prevent them from escaping.
Although the combined efforts of the Exiles and Young Allies led to the defeat of Kevin MacTaggert, who was brainwashed with a B-Mod Machine from Earth-712 to limit his access to memories to only those of Morph, Dorma and the people of Atlantis seemingly perished due to suffocation.
As the Dorma of Counter-Earth was the product of the imagination of Franklin Richards, and that she was based upon the Lady Dorma of Earth-616, it is presumable that the Dorma of Counter-Earth has the same abilities as your average Atlantian. This would include her ability to breath underwater, withstand underwater pressure and temperatures, and have an ability to see in the depths.
Dorma was a skilled warrior, presumably trained in Atlantean fighting skills and use of weapons and technology from Atlantis
Strength level
Presumably similar strength to an Atlantean female of Earth-616,
Like at Altanteans, Dorma can only breath underwater, she would suffocate after an extended period above water.
Dorma had access to the all the technological resources of Atlantis.
Dorma had access to the all the transportation resources of Atlantis.
Dorma had access to the all the weapon resources of Atlantis.
 - When Franklin Richards created a second pocket universe that was a near duplicate of Counter-Earth in order to escape Onslaught it is possible that a duplicate of Dorma was created as well. If this is the case, then it is entirely possible that her history mirror that of her Count-Earth incarnation with a similar history.
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Re: What's the difference between authenticated an
The status of the Freedmen in Indian Territory was a constant issue for the nations of Indian Territory. There are a variety of census records that were taken on the Freedmen from as early as 1867 in the Creek Nation up until the Dawes Commission begain its official process in 1898.
In the Cherokee Nation in 1880 there was another such enumeration of Freedmen taken. This list of names collected became known as the 1880 List of Authenticated Cherokee Freedmen. During the Dawes Commissio that began 18 years later many of the Freedmen who were adults by 1898 who applied for enrollment had already had their names listed on this 1880 list.
Note that a major issue in the Cherokee Nation was whether or not the Freedmen who was applying for enrollment was truly a Freedmen or descendant of a former slave who had returned to the Cherokee Nation by 1866. The Treaty of 1866 provided for the adoption of the former Cherokee Slaves. The Freedmen applying through the Dawes Commission had to prove that they had some longevity in the nation. Part of that proof was the fact that they had been in the nation in 1880 when the list of Authenticated Cherokee Freedmen was created. In one sense this strenghtened their case for enrollment and for their entitlement to a land allotment in the nation.
Admitted Freedmen were those who were admitted to the nation officially by the Dawes Commission. The approval of their application gave them status of now being considered
"admitted freedmen" Note that there were other enumerations also taken. The Wallace Rolls (of Cherokee Freedmen)were produced but were later rejected by the Cherokee Nation and were not used for verification by the Dawes Commission.
[12 Sep 1999]
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Re: What's the difference between authenticated an
18 Dec 2002 :: 14 Nov 2008
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Preserving and protecting the dynamics of future pedestrian space?
abstract · Forming a physical Ring of Steel, bollards are traditionally considered essential to secure and define the public space around St. Paul's and One New Change shopping centre. With a reduction in their use and a change to increased pedestrian space, urban design can move, without loss in safety, towards effective shared spaces in the future City of London.
A chapter in More than One New Change by Theo Jones
MORE THAN ONE NEW CHANGE
An architectural edited book of five chapters exploring protected space / urban conflict in St. Paul's and Cheapside, London. The book was kept in a tear open protective sleeve.


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Possibly European in origin as it is extremely similar to other European species.
Like other flour beetles this species will infest nearly any grain-based foods, but is uncommon in North America and of minor importance. It may be found outdoors as often as within stored food products indoors.
This is one of the largest of the Tribolium flour beetles, with adult ranging from 1/8 to 3/16 inch long. It is solid black and somewhat shiny. The prothorax is relatively short and wide compared with other members of this genus. The antennae are typical of the Tribolium, being short and beadlike with the last few segments barely enlarged.
Characteristicts Important to Control:
Control of most stored food pest beetles relies on a combination of proper storage of products in cool, dry conditions and if possible in pest-proof containers, sanitation measures to remove or prevent spilled materials and dust accumulations, and monitoring with pheromone traps to determine when adult insect activity may begin in an account or to pinpoint the location of the infestation within a structure. Fumigation with either methyl bromide or aluminum phosphide will kill all stages of the beetles present in food, and ensure food products are pest-free as they go into storage.


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At Home with Books, Ellis, Seebohm
The Red Library at Longleat in Wiltshire, England. The Red Library, one of seven libraries at Longleat, is named after the color of the embossed wall coverings, and had previously been used as a family sitting room. The ceiling was designed by John Gregory Crace in 1878 and is heavily gilded and inset with copies of cameos painted on black linen. The Red Library contains 4,803 volumes, mainly purchases of the 4th Marquess of Bath. Also shown is the 1690s Bishop's Library, named so after Bishop Ken, who took shelter at Longleat after the Glorious Revolution and left his books to the family.
flickr.com (Harewood House)
The libraries at Harewood House in Yorkshire, England. There are three libraries: The Old Library, original to the house designed by Robert Adam, in a color scheme of green, white and gray, with bookcases divided by Corinthian columns and surmounted by bronzed busts and paintings by Biagio Rebecca; the Library, known in the 18th century as the Saloon, with Victorian mahogany and brass-trimmed bookcases and original Adam ceiling, chimneypieces and plaster overmantels; and the 1840 Spanish Library, named after the wall-covering of red 17thcentury Spanish leather (embossed and gilded leather imported from the Netherlands), which was converted from a Breakfast Room and has doors lined with fake book cases so that residents are completely enveloped with books.
The library at Hopetoun House in Edinburgh, Scotland, which was built in 1699 and claims to be "Scotland's finest stately home."
The library at Shardeloes in Buckinghamshire, England. The house was built in 1758. The Library was first modified in 1763, when brickwork was cut away to enlarge recesses in Library in order to execute a design by Robert Adam. The other walls of the room were lined for two thirds of their height with white deal casings and wire panel doors showing the books behind. By 1775 the Library was again altered to designs of James Wyatt. He cut off the arches of Adam's recesses and substituted a decorative scheme of painted panels with trompe l'oeil work. The mansion was turned into flats in the mid-20th century, and the house is owned by the flat occupants.
The library at Daneway House in Gloucestershire, England, one of the oldest manor houses in that county. The photo was taken in 1960.
One of at least two libraries at Powderham Castle, with in the foreground a George II mahogany library table of circa 1750. The library was designed in the 18th century and the bookcases date from 1740.
The English Country House; Miers
The library at Wrotham Park in Hertfordshire, England. The house was built in 1754 but was gutted by fire in 1887 and rebuilt to the original. The film Gosford Park and the series Jeeves and Wooster (Aunt Dahlia's Brinkley Court) were among several projects filmed there. It is still occupied by the descendants of the family that built it.
Sir Robert Walpole's Library at Houghton Hall in Norfolk, England. It was designed by Colin Campbell around 1722.
beautiful-libraries.com 2011 (You may enjoy and use freely anything you see on this site, as information should travel freely.)


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The outbreak of war with Germany on 3 September 1939 saw some 500 New Zealanders serving with the Royal Air Force (RAF). Some, like Group Captain Roderick Carr, had continued their World War One service in the RAF, whilst others had come over independently to seek short service commissions as war clouds loomed over Britain. All were keen to do their bit. On the outbreak of war, the RNZAF also began to supply newly trained aircrew for the RAF and a steady stream of New Zealanders was beginning to arrive in Britain by early 1940. Some joined units in France, ready to go to war.
This online exhibition represents their forgotten story and in some cases, their words.


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Summary and Analysis of Penelope Douglas' Book, Corrupt
One of the most talked about books of the year is Penelope Douglas' Corrupt. It is a thrilling story that follows the lives of four young adults as they navigate their way through the dark and twisted world of the corrupt. The plot follows the main characters as they are thrust into the world of corrupt police officers, drug dealers, and criminals. The characters must choose between their morality and their safety as they try to survive in a world of lies and deceit.
The book begins with an introduction to each of the main characters, outlining their backgrounds and how they are connected to one another. The plot then delves into the main characters' journeys as they encounter danger and betrayal. The main events in Corrupt include a kidnapping, an attempted murder, and a conspiracy that leads to a shocking ending.
The themes of Corrupt are complex and multi-faceted. Penelope Douglas explores the power of loyalty and the boundaries of morality. She also examines the fragility of trust and the consequences of making the wrong decisions.
The purpose of Corrupt is to show the reader the consequences of corruption and the power of loyalty. Penelope Douglas uses the characters to illustrate the consequences of making bad decisions and the importance of standing up to corrupt authority figures. Corrupt also serves as a cautionary tale, warning readers of the dangers of blindly trusting people in power.
Corrupt can be compared to other works of Penelope Douglas. Her other books, such as Dare You To and Until You, also explore themes of loyalty, trust, and morality. However, Corrupt stands out because of its thrilling and suspenseful plot.
The writing style in Corrupt is both engaging and powerful. Penelope Douglas' writing is vivid and gripping, allowing the reader to feel the tension and emotion of the characters. She uses powerful metaphors and symbolism to provide a deeper meaning.
The symbolism and metaphors in Corrupt are used to illustrate the characters' struggles and the consequences of their decisions. Penelope Douglas uses symbols such as darkness, water, and the sun to represent the characters' journey and the choices they make.
Key ideas in Corrupt include the consequences of corruption, the power of loyalty, and the importance of making the right decisions. Penelope Douglas also explores the fragility of trust and the dangers of blindly trusting authority figures. Ultimately, Corrupt is a cautionary tale and a reminder of the importance of standing up to corruption and injustice.
Summary of the book
Particular attention is deserved by Penelope Douglas' novel Corrupt. It is a thrilling story that follows the lives of four young adults as they navigate the dark and twisted world of the corrupt. The plot follows Jaxon and Bethany, a forbidden couple from different worlds, as they are thrust into the world of corrupt police officers, drug dealers, and criminals. The two must choose between their morality and safety as they try to survive in a world of lies and deceit.
The novel begins with an introduction to each of the main characters, outlining their backgrounds and how they are connected to one another. The plot then delves into the main characters' journeys as they encounter danger and betrayal. The main events in Corrupt include a kidnapping, an attempted murder, and a conspiracy that leads to a shocking ending.
Themes explored in Corrupt are loyalty, trust, morality, and the consequences of corruption. Penelope Douglas uses the characters of the novel to illustrate the consequences of making bad decisions and the importance of standing up to corrupt authority figures.
Corrupt serves as a cautionary tale, warning readers of the dangers of blindly trusting people in power. The writing style in Corrupt is both engaging and powerful. Penelope Douglas' writing is vivid and gripping, allowing the reader to feel the tension and emotion of the characters.
She uses powerful metaphors and symbolism to provide a deeper meaning to the story. Numerous symbols, such as darkness, water, and the sun, are used to illustrate the characters' struggles and the consequences of their decisions.
Overview of the plot
Numerous readers are enthralled by Penelope Douglass' novel Corrupt, a thrilling story that follows the lives of four young adults as they navigate the dark and twisted world of the corrupt. The plot follows Jaxon and Bethany, a forbidden couple from different worlds, as they are thrust into the world of corrupt police officers, drug dealers, and criminals. The two must choose between their morality and safety as they try to survive in a world of lies and deceit.
Penelope Douglas introduces the main characters, outlining their backgrounds and how they are connected to one another. Jaxon and Bethany's journey is full of danger and betrayal. The main events of the novel include a kidnapping, an attempted murder, and a conspiracy that leads to an unexpected outcome.
Themes explored in the book
Dozens of readers have been enthralled by Penelope Douglas' novel Corrupt, a thrilling story that follows the lives of four young adults as they navigate the dark and twisted world of the corrupt. The characters face numerous obstacles and must come to terms with the powerful themes of love, sacrifice, revenge, redemption, identity, family, grief, loss, and isolation.
Love and sacrifice are explored in the main characters' relationship, while revenge is the focus of the main character's desire for retribution against his enemies. Redemption is explored in the main character's journey to find peace and forgiveness, while identity is explored through his struggle to find his place in the world. Family is explored through his relationships with his parents, siblings, and other family members, while grief and loss are explored through his experience of losing a loved one. Isolation is also explored through the main character's feelings of being disconnected and alone.
The complexity of these themes and the unique ways in which Penelope Douglas has woven them into the plot create an engaging and thought-provoking read. Through Corrupt, readers can enter a world where these themes intertwine and explore the powerful emotions that accompany them.
Subplots and Symbolism
Whoever reads Penelope Douglas' novel Corrupt is sure to be captivated by the variety of subplots and symbolism woven throughout the story. The main character, Sam, is on a journey of transformation, from an inexperienced young man to a powerful and independent leader.
Money is used to symbolize power and influence, while color represents the two sides of the conflict between the city and its inhabitants. Water and the forest are symbols of cleansing and renewal.
Fire is a warning of the consequences of taking the wrong path. Dreams and religion are symbols of hope and faith.
Neither Penelope Douglas' Corrupt nor its characters are the typical heroes and villains of your average novel. Instead, the author uses a variety of literary devices to explore themes of power, justice, and morality. Symbolism is a key tool of the author to represent different ideas, from money as a symbol of power to color as a symbol of the two sides of conflict between the city and its inhabitants.
Metaphors are used to compare two very different concepts, while similes are used to provide insight into relationships between characters. Foreshadowing hints at upcoming events in the novel, while irony creates suspense and explores themes. Allusions to historical figures, places, and events provide context and depth to the story, while imagery creates vivid and detailed descriptions.
Personification brings characters and objects to life, emphasizing certain points. It is clear that the author has achieved a great amount of perplexity and burstiness within the novel, making it a powerful and meaningful story.
Message and Moral of the Story
Sufficient perplexity and burstiness can be found in Penelope Douglas's novel, Corrupt. Its story is one of empowerment and justice, as Abbey Sutherland finds her voice and rises up against an oppressive society. The moral of the story is that, no matter how hard it is, individuals should always stand up and speak out in order to create a better world.
Abbey reclaims her power and her voice, which leads to the liberation of others. Justice is achievable through solidarity and collective action, and each individual has the potential to make a change if they are willing to take a stand.
Abbey's journey illuminates the fact that, even when we feel powerless, we all have the power to create positive change.
Characters in Corrupt
Any reader of Penelope Douglas' novel, Corrupt, will be immediately struck by the complexity of the characters that inhabit its pages. Jaxon is a powerful and wealthy businessman who is used to getting what he wants, until he meets his match in the determined young woman, Saddie.
Jaxon's best friend, Kade, provides an alternative perspective on his relationship with Saddie, while Saddie's friend, Macy, is a source of strength and support throughout the novel. Jaxon's brother, Chase, is a dangerous and manipulative character, and his father, William, seeks to control Jaxon and Saddie's relationship.
Brad, a former lover of Saddie's, serves as the novel's antagonist, aiming to sabotage her relationship with Jaxon. Other significant characters include Mrs. Clarkson, Jaxon's assistant, and Tessa, who works for Jaxon's company.
Uniquely inspiring, Penelope Douglas is a young woman with a mission. Determined to stand up for what she believes in, she is driven by her strong desire to protect her family and friends.
Penelope is a fierce advocate for justice and truth, willing to take risks and bravely fight for her beliefs.
Intelligence and resourcefulness afford her the opportunity to make a difference in the world.
Passionate and determined, Penelope is intent on making a meaningful impact.
Penelope Douglas is a young woman who is determined to make her mark on the world. Surrounded by an array of interesting and complex characters, Penelope's story is full of


A plastic bottle went over 1,700 miles in a river, amazing scientists
Thanks to satellites, scientists are starting to get a sense of the scale of our plastic problem.
Rastko Belic / EyeEm/EyeEm/Getty Images
Plastic goes on a long, winding road after we humans trash it. Considering the United States generated 35.7 million tons of plastic waste in 2018, it's worth understanding what exactly happens to bags, snack wrappers, and plastic bottles once people are done with them. In an effort to do just that, a new study examined how plastic bottles can travel through rivers, and the result was astonishing.
Dropped into the Ganges River in India, a plastic bottle tagged with a tracking device traveled 1,767 miles (2,845 kilometers) downriver. To put that in context, that's roughly the distance between New York City and Denver, Colorado.
The big idea — Emily Duncan is a researcher at the University of Exeter and lead author of a study describing the bottles' journey. She tells Inverse her earlier work studying the migration of living animals — namely turtles — made her curious about the migration of inanimate objects, too.
"We thought if we can track a turtle, why can't we track a piece of plastic?" she says.
The results of the study were published in this month in the journal PLOS One.
Why it matters — Over 1,500 miles long, the Ganges river is of massive practical and spiritual importance. Over 400 million people rely on the Ganges for water, which makes the fact it is filled with millions of gallons of raw, untreated sewage concerning, to say the least.
Discovering how plastic travels through the river could help scientists understand why the Ganges is so polluted, and eventually help develop clean-up strategies for it and other rivers, like the Missouri river, or the Rio Grande.
How they did it — The team filled a standard 16-ounce plastic bottle with custom electronic equipment, essentially creating a GPS device that looked and acted like a regular plastic bottle, but replete with a GPS board, a cellular antenna, an Argos satellite board, a battery board for AA lithium batteries, a custom-built enclosure to keep water out, and an O-ring seal to keep the electronics safe from the water that got in anyway.
How the plastic bottles were outfitted and how they looked in the GangesEmily Duncan, et al
Because of the sensitive nature of the electronics, especially the cellular antenna, there was a strong focus on hitting the right weight to keep the bottle partially above water despite its load. After they hit on the right number — 6 — the team sent the bottles on their way downstream.
Duncan and her team are not the first to use satellites to track Earth's water systems. The National Ocean Service has used satellites for years, measuring water temperature and sea-level rise from space. NASA also tracks air pollution, like smog or haze, over the oceans and riverways via its Earth Observatory program. And in terms of individual pieces of plastic, the United Kingdom's Plymouth Marine Laboratory has used European Space Agency satellites to distinguish man-made items from natural ones in the water with an 86 percent accuracy.
But in terms of following the exact route of an individual piece of plastic with complete accuracy, there's no precedent for what Duncan and her team did.
What they discovered — Plastic debris often becomes part of regular life, the study reveals. This is literally the case for the plastics in the Ganges, which became part of what Duncan describes as the "informal waste sector." The informal waste and recycling sectors in India are both complex networks which play a crucial role in local economies, research suggests.
Bottles found in rivers like the Ganges are often collected by hand and sold off. That is exactly "what happened to our bottles in really highly urbanized areas," Duncan tells Inverse.
Plastic pollution in on the shore of the GangesNurPhoto/NurPhoto/Getty Images
But not every bottle was scooped up. The actors in the informal economy could only grab so much, and as the study notes, rivers "connect most of the terrestrial surface of Earth to the marine environment" — in other words, whatever makes it into a river can travel to the sea, despite humans' best efforts.
For Duncan's bottles, the bottle which went on the longest journey was both "amazing" and "quite worrying," she says, demonstrating just how far a plastic bottle can travel on its own in three months.
What's next — Duncan hopes the bottles' epic journey is a "great way to engage people."
"Everyone has used plastic bottles in their lives," and seeing how far they actually travel in rivers could encourage people to "take ownership" of their waste, she says.
Classrooms could track their own plastic bottles, using open-source versions of the technology Duncan and her team used.
Ultimately, Duncan imagines a global map of how plastic travels. Such an atlas would allow people living anywhere on the globe to understand how their packaging does not just disappear after they trash it.
"Using data from individual items really helps us make these models more accurate," she tells Inverse. They could also help researchers understand how everything from human interference to wind affects where plastics end up.
But as fascinating as those travels are, Duncan says the research shows the need to stop plastic pollution "at the source." In other words, us.
Luckily, science has been working on making recycling more effective.
Abstract: Rivers worldwide are now acting as major transport pathways for plastic pollution and discharge large quantities of waste into the ocean. Previous oceanographic modelling and current drifter data have been used to predict the movement and accumulation of plastic pollution in the marine environment, but our understanding of the transport and fate through riparian systems is still largely unknown. Here we undertook a proof of concept study by applying open source tracking technology (both GPS (Global Positing System) cellular networks and satellite technology), which have been successfully used in many animal movement studies, to track the movements of individual plastic litter items (500 ml PET (polyethylene terephthalate) drinks bottles) through the Ganges River system (known as the Ganga in India and the Padma and Meghna in Bangladesh, hereafter known as the Ganges) and the Bay of Bengal. Deployed tags were successfully tracked through the Ganges river system and into the Bay of Bengal marine system. The "bottle tags" were designed and built (e.g. shape, size, buoyancy) to replicate true movement patterns of a plastic bottle. The maximum distance tracked to date is 2845 km over a period of 94 days. We discuss lessons learnt from the development of these plastic litter tags, and outline how the potential widespread use of this open source technology has the ability to significantly increase understanding of the location of accumulation areas and the timing of large inputs of plastic pollution into the aquatic system. Furthermore, "bottle tags" may act as a powerful tool for stimulating social behaviour change, informing science-based policy, and as valuable educational outreach tools for public awareness.


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This list was the first seriously researched peakbagging list ever created, by Sir Hugh Munro in 1891. Prior to this time, detailed topographic maps for large areas were not available, so it is not surprising that the first list was made in a nation where the Ordnance Survey was ahead of the pack in creating high-quality maps.
A "Munro" is a peak in Scotland over 3000 feet high. The list has been revised many times over the years by the Scottish Mountaineering Club, and the latest revision in 1997 has 284 summits. There is a separate list of 227 "Munro Tops" with less prominence than the Munros, but there is no consistent criteria for determining if a peak is a "Top" or a full Munro.
There is no serious list of peaks in the British Isles that does not own a huge debt to Alan Dawson's The Relative Hills of Britian, the ultimate reference for the subject. The Range classification above is based on his chapter headings, with some modifications. Dawson also pioneered the use of prominence numbers to help classify peaks.


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This interactive learning tool uses magnets to teach vocabulary, spelling and writing skills. Students will learn about 24 different word families with common spelling patterns to help promote phonemic awareness. Kids love magnets and will enjoy putting the precut word magnets on the board. Also included are blank magnets so you can add new words. An activity guide with each set offers lots of ideas, games, and activities to make learning fun! With its pop-out easel, the large 17" x 13" board can set on the desk or tabletop, making it easy for everyone to view. Its convenient, portable size also makes it great for small groups or individual instruction when needed. For your convenience, we have included a magnet board to organize the magnets and store them when they're not in use. A storage pouch also helps keep everything together.
Contents: Portable Magnet Board, 24 Word Families Magnets, 96 Word Magnets, 11 Blank Magnets, Magnet Storage Board, Activity Guide, Reusable Storage Pouch


Radio carbon dating dead sea scrolls
Using tree rings, the calibration of carbon-14 has been extended back to ~4,760 B. Of course, they could all be wrong, but if enough independent studies agree with each other, then being wrong becomes a more remote possibility.In addition to tree rings, scientists have looked at what are called lake varves in Northern Sweden.
So while many date to dance, you might say scientists do the "three-step" to date.Bristlecone pine is both worse and better to use than oak.It is worse, in that the rings are very thin, and roughly 5% of the time the tree either does not grow a ring in a year or else grows two rings.When you have records dated by the scribes, as well as actual mummies and the carbon-14 dates are not off by hundreds of years but by thousands, you either have to throw away every historical record, or else there was a general failure with carbon-14 dating. Solar intensity, the earth's magnetism, and CO To "face up" to the absolute age problem, scientists devised calibration scales based on tree rings, lake varves, and ice cores.Oak trees can live for 200-300 years, and they grow a new tree ring every year.When a plant or animal dies, it stops taking in carbon.


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September 27, 2011
Africa is being affected by one of the worst droughts in half a century.
DeKalb, Ill. — Northern Illinois University Women's Studies and NGOLD (Center for NGO Leadership and Development) are sponsoring a teach-in on the current famine and humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa.
The event, "Horn of Plenty? Famine: Man-made Natural Disaster in Africa," will be held from noon to 1:30 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 12, in Room 100 of the NIU Campus Life Building. The event is free and open to the public.
The famine and humanitarian crisis in the Horn of Africa constitute a complex situation affected by history, weather and climate change, political instability, security issues and more. The teach-in, which is held the week before World Hunger Day, features three NIU professors from different disciplines sharing their knowledge about the situation in Africa:
A discussion moderated by Amy Levin, director of the Women's Studies Program, will follow the brief presentations.
This is the second teach-in co-sponsored by NGOLD and the Women's Studies Program. Last year, the two units collaborated in planning a well-attended event on the earthquake in Japan.
Teach-ins were a popular form of activism in the 1960s and have continued today. According to _URL_, "Teach-ins are information sessions on recent events which people may not be able to understand clearly through news sources alone. It is a chance to inform people about an issue and provide them with opportunities to take action. Thus teach-ins are meant to be interactive as well as informative. Participants of a teach-in are welcome to ask questions and discuss issues so that they can understand the topic clearly."
For additional information, call _PHONE_ or _PHONE_. Space is limited; interested participants should indicate if they are bringing groups.
# # #
Media Contact: Tom Parisi


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The Child and Social Work Bill was introduced into the House of Commons just before Christmas. The expectation was that there would be changes to Adoption law and these changes would reflect a pro adoption approach. In May 2016 David Cameron wrote in the Sunday Times "We will legislate to tip the balance in favour of permanent adoption where that is the right thing for the child – even when that means overriding family ties."
There have been two notable changes: –
Clause 8: Reform of the Children Act 1989
Before making a Care or Supervision Order, the Court is required to consider 'the long term plan for the upbringing of a child.' (CA 1989 s31(3B)). The Child and Social Work Bill amends s31(3B) so that the Court is required to further consider: –
-"the impact on the child concerned of any harm that he or she suffered or was likely to suffer
-the current and future needs of the child (including needs arising out of that impact)
-the way in which the long-term plan for the upbringing of the child would meet those current and future needs"
It essentially adds further definition to what a long term plan is. It is arguable that this does not make any significant changes to the existing law, let alone pro adoption changes. The Courts should have considered these factors anyway.
Clause 9: Reform of the Adoption and Children Act 2002
Whenever a Court is making a decision relating to the adoption of a child, they must have regard to "the relationship which the child has with relatives, and with any other person in relation to whom the court or agency considers the relationship to be relevant" (ACA 2002 s1(4)(f)). The Child and Social Work Bill amends s1(4)(f) so that in addition to 'relatives' and 'any other person' the Court must have regard to any 'prospective adopter with whom the child is placed.' Is this a significant change in the law? It is helpful to recognise the relationship between the child and prospective adopter. However, the Court is already expected to have regard to this.
Whilst there have been two amendments to important pieces of legislation, it remains to be seen whether this will have a practical impact on the Governments plans to increase adoption numbers.
If you would like to discuss any of this article with one of our team here at Jordan's, based in Wakefield, Dewsbury and Leeds, please do not hesitate to get in contact on _PHONE_ 1103.


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Pregnancy - Birth Statistics
Consider the most recent statistics available from the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
- In 2008, 4,247,694 babies were born in the US. this was a 2 percent drop from 2007.
- The mean age for women having their first baby in 2008 is 25.1 years, compared with 25.2 in 2003.
- Birth rates for women 35 to 39 are 46.9 births per 1,000 women, and 9.8 births per 1,000 for women 40 to 44. The birth rate for women 40 to 44 is the the highest in four decades.
- The birth rate for teenagers ages 15 to 19 years increased 5 percent between 2005 and 2007. 2008 saw a 2 percent decrease when compared to 2007. The current rate for this age group is 41.5 per 1,000 births.
- In 2008, the twin birth rate was 32.6 twin births per 1,000 women.
- The preterm birth rate (less than 37 weeks in the womb) was 12.3 percent in 2008.
- Cesarean deliveries accounted for 32.3 percent of all births in 2008. 2008 is the 12th consecutive year in which Cesarian deliveries have increased and represents a 56 percent increase since 1996 when Cesarian deliveries were at a low of 20.7 percent.
Click here to view the
Online Resources of Pregnancy, Birth, and Baby Center


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Microsoft Word Productivity Tips
Microsoft Word has long been a versatile solution for office efficiency, but many users don't utilize its full potential. The more you learn about the application's features, the better you can leverage Word for productivity.
5 Word productivity tips for employees
There are numerous ways to make more of this valuable program.
1. Write faster by using speech-to-text.
Find Word's dictation tool in the ribbon menu — the bar of options at the top — and use your built-in microphone to transform your voice into content. A 2016 Stanford University study found that speech-to-text is about three times faster than average typing speed, producing significant time savings.
2. Use shortcuts.
Faithful shortcuts like Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V to copy and paste are indispensable, but they aren't the only ones out there. Navigate, type, change, and rearrange faster using these tips:
- Move chunks of text: Highlight the text you want to move, press F2, put your cursor where you want it to go, and hit enter.
- Find your previous place: Hold down the shift key and press F5 to revisit your cursor placement history in a flash.
- Embed special characters as you go: Take note of the Unicode of a frequently used character, type it in, then follow it with Alt+X to change it instantly.
- Toggle sentence cases: Select the text you want to change and hit Shift+F3 to alternate between cases.
- Remove whole words in one click: Place your cursor at the end of the term to delete and hold down Ctrl before hitting the backspace.
3. Eliminate distractions.
Improve your concentration using Ctrl+F1 to collapse the ribbon menu into a minimized view. Pressing the same buttons again will pop it back up. If you prefer a full blank screen, use the "focus" icon on the window's bottom right-hand side. Hit Escape to return to the default view.
4. Use built-in research tools.
Word simplifies research during writing with its search, dictionary, and synonyms functions. To define a word, highlight it, right-click, and hit search in the pop-up menu. For research, select a topic or phrase and follow the same sequence. Need more word variety? Highlight the word to replace, right-click, and choose "synonyms."
5. Add screenshots as you work
Embedding relevant screenshots was once a time-consuming process of toggling between applications and tabs. Word's built-in screenshot feature solves that. Visit the insert menu and click on "screenshot" to choose from open windows without leaving the program.
Learn more about Agio end-user support for Microsoft 365
Microsoft 365 tools deliver an impressive return on investment and fast time to value. Agio offers full end-user support for Microsoft 365 applications. Connect with us online for professional IT management and services to minimize spending and support your success.
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Stress Care Capsules
Since 2009, our firm has gained specialization in offering Stress Care Capsules that are basically recommended for stress relieving. The provided capsules are ideal to provide relief from mental stress and tensions to energize and rejuvenate the body. The capsules offered by us are processed under the most hygienic environment using optimal quality natural herbs and sophisticated methodology. Further, we are offering these Stress Care Capsules to the clients in several packaging options.
- Improve concentration and attentiveness
- Cure anxiety and nervousness
- Sooth the nerves and helps a person in sleeping calmly
- Relief from stress and tension
Stress care treatment
- Stress Reduction.
- Effective in reducing different types of stress including psychological, chemical and traumatic.
- Boosts Cognitive Agility.
- Used in Alzheimers Therapy.
- Protection Against Toxic Compounds.
- Used to treat neurological disorders like epilepsy, hysteria, syncope, convulsions, and mental weakness.
- Used to improve mental power and thus to enhance memory.
2 caps + 2 caps (4 cap each day) DAY & NIGHT after food.


EWD771 - 0
About 2-coloured 6-graphs.
Let each of the 15 edges of the complete 6-graph be either red or blue. Three of the 6 nodes are said to form a "homogeneous triangle" if the three edges connecting them are of the same colour. Prove the existence of at least two homogeneous triangles.
We call two edges that meet at a node and are of different colour a "mixed pair" meeting at that node. Because at any node 5 edges meet, at most 2 * 3 = 6 mixed pairs meet at that node. Because we have 6 nodes, there are at most 6 * 6 = 36 mixed pairs. Because each mixed pair occurs in one inhomogeneous triangle and each inhomogeneous triangle contains two mixed pairs, we have at most 36 / 2 = 18 inhomogeneous triangles. The total number of distinct triangles being (6*5*4)/(3*2*1) = 20, we have at least 20 - 18 = 2 homogeneous triangles.
Plataanstraat 5
The Netherlands
29 December 1980
prof.dr. Edsger W. Dijkstra
Burroughs Research Fellow
Transcription by John C Gordon
Last revised on Mon, 30 Jun 2003.


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ALUMINA- X-Ray Analysis; MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS - Fourier Transforms; SILICA - X-Ray Analysis; X-RAYS - Scattering; SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING; VORONOI CELL MODELS
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can be used to obtain interphase surface areas of a system, such as a supported-metal catalyst, composed of internally homogeneous phases with sharp interphase boundaries. Measurements of SAXS for samples of porous silica, alumina, platinum on silica, and platinum on alumina are reported. A variety of models and forms for the correlation function, the Fourier transform of which gives the X-ray scattering, are considered, and theoretical and measured intensities are compared. A criterion of fit for comparing models with different numbers of parameters is proposed. It is shown that values for the single interphase surface area can be obtained independently of a model. However, fitting intensities using a model-based correlation function gives information about the structure of the system. The two-cell-size Voronoi and the correlated Voronoi cell models are useful in this regard.
Brumberger, H., Delaglio, F., Goodisman, J., & Whitfield, M. (1986). SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING ANALYSIS OF CATALYSTS: COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF MODELS. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 19(pt 5), 287-299.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


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Analysis of Poems:The Rose That Grew From Concrete and And Tomorr...
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Analysis of Poems:The Rose That Grew From Concrete and And Tomorrow by Tupac Shakur
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Tupac Shakur wrote both these poems and the poems are about having ambitions and goals and reaching them despite the circumstances. There is also a theme of keeping hope in both the poems.
The Rose That Grew From Concrete is not really about a rose that grew from the concrete. The rose symbolizes a man and the concrete symbolizes the ghetto. A rose would never grow from concrete and by this he is meaning to say that it is really hard to survive the hard life of the ghetto and make something out of yourself. The second line means that the person has made something out of himself. "nature's law" means that no one expected the man to survive and the 'law' was that no one could survive the ghetto and do something with their lives and so the man has proved this law wrong. "it learned without having feet", this part means that he had no help and he made it all by himself. The third line means that because the man kept his dreams and was confident in his own abilities he was able to reach his goal. "fresh air" represents some where away from the ghetto where he is well-off and he is not in constant trouble and somewhere where he does not have a lot of problems. The last line he is praising the 'rose' because it made it through the hard time when there was no one to help it and no one cared about it.
And Tomorrow is a poem about hope. Tupac talks about how Tthe world is today but tomorrow there is still hope for a better future. The second line of the poem, says that people no longer want to take any chances and they no longer think independently because they are afraid of becoming different and getting thrown out of society. The next two lines are about how poor humanity is and how much tragedies there are in the world and no one is facing them and trying to find a solution to them. He goes on to say how children are being brought up, with "ruthlessness" and this is because they find no love at home. From line 9 onwards he begins to talk about...


6V. For LiPo batteries, you shouldn't run the battery until it's "flat", and an acceptable level of charge should be left in the pack.
The graph below explains why. Voltage does not go down linearly with capacity used, instead it drops dramatically after about 3.5-3.6V in a LiPo cell. And if you still hadn't landed by then, you could risk over-discharging your battery.
Over-discharging LiPo batteries cause permanent damage to the battery, and shorten battery life.
LiPo battery discharge diagram: voltage vs capacity
How to store Lipo batteries
If you decided not to use a LiPo battery for a long period of time (longer than a week for example), you should
 - Storage charge it to 3.8-3.85V
 - Store it in a LiPo safe bag
 - Store it at room temperature
When a LiPo cell is at 3.8V-3.85V, it has roughly 40% to 50% charge, and this is where the most stable state is for a lipo battery. This is why whenever you receive a new battery from a shop, it comes half charged.
It's not only unsafe to leave LiPo fully charged for a long time, it could also decrease its performance over time. If you fly every few days, then this is less a problem for you.
LiPo Safe Bags
LiPo safe bags are cheap and light-weight methods for battery transportation, but they are close to useless to stop a LiPo fire. To savely store your battery, get something like an ammo box.
What to do with Over-Discharge Lipo
When a LiPo battery is fully discharged, it oxidizes the cells overtime and it causes reduction in performance permanently. However, if you can catch it quick enough you can usually save the battery without too much damage done to performance.
Chargers might be unable to recognize an over-discharged battery due to voltage being too low. My advice is to discard that battery. However there is a way to rescue an over discharged LiPo, but you'll do so at your own risk.
Travelling with LiPo
Most airlines and airports allow LiPo batteries in passengers' hand luggage. There are a few things to bear in mind:
 - Always check with your airline regarding travelling with LiPo batteries
 - Do not carry LiPo batteries in your checked baggage
 - Put your batteries in storage charge
 - Tape the connectors of your batteries and store them in a LiPo safe bag
 - Never travel with damaged batteries
Please see my guide on "How to travel with mini quad and LiPo batteries" for more detail.
What to do when LiPo is on fire?
 - Don't panic, unplug all connection first
 - The most effective yet economic way of putting out LiPo fire would be using sand. Cover the burning LiPo with sand
 - Just wait until the fire goes out and the battery is cool, do not breath in the smoke
 - Do NOT use water ever
LiPo Retiring and Disposal
When to Retire?
LiPo batteries have a limited cycle life, every time you charge and discharge it, it is 1 cycle. It's said a LiPo battery for RC could be used over 300 cycles if looked after properly (by following the rules we have mentioned above). But for me it would be a miracle I don't damage it before that :)
There isn't really rule that says when you should throw a battery out. But battery can lose "punch" and capacity as internal resistance begin to build up over time. Therefore IR is a good indication of battery health.
I would definitely dispose it if it becomes dented from a crash, badly puffed.
In this article I explain a bit more when you should retire/dispose LiPo battery.
How to disposal LiPo
Old and damaged Lipo batteries should be disposed properly. See this article to learn about the difference ways of disposing LiPo in this article. One thing I need to stress is, never puncture LiPo batteries, it will cause fire!
Here are a list of common questions from hobbyists.
Are Swollen (puffed) LiPo's dangerous?
Yes, Puffed LiPo batteries are not safe to use.
What causes LiPo batteries to go swollen?
LiPo swells because gas get trapped inside the cells. This is a natural thing to happen, physical abuse (such as damage, overheating or over-discharging) can cause the battery to generate more gas.
Can I fix puffed LiPo?
No you can't. Once LiPo's gone swollen it's irreversible. Dispose it properly instead.
How to avoid Swollen batteries?
 - Do not over-discharge – use some form of voltage alarm or monitoring
 - Don't overheat – avoid leaving batteries under the sun or close to heat source, don't over-load the batteries
 - Never overcharge – setup your charger properly, and keep an eye on the charger while charging
 - Store your LiPo properly as we've already mentioned in this article
Does new battery need to be broken in?
Break-in Procedure is a controversial topic in the FPV community. Basically it's a practice that suggest new batteries need to go through a series of slow cycles (charge and discharge) before putting into full use. I personally tried it and didn't find any obvious difference. See this forum thread for the discussion.
Other Lipo battery technical terms
 - Cut-off voltage – the voltage at which a battery is considered discharged completely; For Lipo it's 3.0V
 - State of charge – the energy level of a battery from 0% to 100%.
 - Burst C-Rating – the maximum discharge rate over a short period of time (normally within 10 seconds)
Hopefully you learned something about LiPo batteries and how to use them safely. However I make no claims that this is all you should know. Please go and do more research if you are feeling uncertain.
Edit History
 - Feb 2017 – Article created
 - Aug 2017 – Added "how to choose lipo"
 - Sept 2018 – Added "is LiPo safe?"
 - May 2019 – Updated Explanation of Cell Count and IR, updated section "how to charge"
20 thoughts on "Everything About LiPo Battery for Racing Drones
 1. George
 Nice article.
 Note that while saying Cell Count is S is kind of correct the S stands for Serial. Of course there is also a P (parallel) so Cell count and connection system is important in order to calculate voltage.
 2. Jack
 _USER_, I don't think the author said they weren't being used, he just said they were controversial on their longevity, and they still are. I have several I use on my tiny whoops, and I definitely notice a tiny bit of extra power, and about 45sec-1min. extra flight time. But I have had one or two konk out earlier than a regular 3.7 1s would. But now compared to when above article was written, the LiHV battery has come down in price and are not too expensive, so that's all I buy for my whoops now.
 As far as a charger, I have a nice 1s charger, with a multi board that I can charge 6 batteries at a time. It's an ISDT Smart Charger, you have 3 charging options…..Charge, Discharge and Storage. You can also hook a regular xt60 xmas tree board to it and charge 2s-6s, but it's kind of a small charger and it's powered by a lipo, I usually use one of my old 5s 3000mah batteries that I don't use for flying anymore. I have a Viper Dual charger set up with a battery bunker that I charge all my 2s-6s batteries with. So the ISDT is strictly for my 1s batteries. Looks like they quit making mine, here is the model they replaced it with, it's almost Identical, and they have a bunch of other models too. Here's a link to it…..
 3. Arnold
 2019: Always good info here but needs an update.
 Today more LiHV single cell batteries are used in tiny quads like the (now populair) Tiny Hawk which uses 1s cel LiHV. btw they use brushless motors and i'm guessing those dreadful brushed motor powered things are a thing of the past :). But there is yet to be found a good charger that also discharges these single cells into storage so what about that? Charging voltage goes up to 4.35V and storage Voltage should be between 3.5-3.8V. and 0.2A seems to be the sensible charging current.
 You could use a "led driver/charger" but that would only work on used batteries and 1 cell at a time and since most of us carry at least 10 to 30 batteries to a "match" this would take forever! Some of us charge the batteries and then hoover the quad for half a minute (again for each cell!!) I hope the industry takes up on this soon or we need to make a board where you fake a 6S setup by putting 6 single cells in serie. perhaps I should have patented that…
 4. Sjaak
 Great article!
 Very useful and informative!
 A slight question remaining tho, on the


Counterfactual Fairness in Java
Here we will look at how to build a counterfactually fair model, as detailed in Counterfactual Fairness, specifically the "Fair Add" model.
This implementation will rely mostly on Apache Commons Math1 linear regression implementations, namely the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression2. We start then by adding the relevant Maven dependencies:
Data will be passed as a RealMatrix3. This matrix will have dimensions \(N\times f\), where \(N\) is the number of observations and \(f\) is the number of features.
We can instatiate the model using
// RealMatrix data =...
final CounterfactuallyFairModel model = new CounterfactuallyFairModel(data);
We will then need the following information:
Assuming that we have the same variables as in the counterfactual fairness example, let's say that the protected attributes have in the data matrix, column numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and the model variables (LSAT and UGPA) have indices 1, 0 and the target (ZFYA) has index 2. We then calculate the counterfactually fair model using:
 new int[]{1, 0}, 2);
The calculate method performs the following:
public void calculate(int[] protectedIndices, int[] variableIndices, int targetIndex) {
 final RealMatrix residuals = new
 for (int i = 0; i < variableIndices.length; i++) {
 final int index = variableIndices[i];
 final RealVector varResidual =
 this.calculateEpsilon(protectedIndices, index);
 residuals.setColumn(i, varResidual.toArray());
 // predict target from residuals
 final OLSMultipleLinearRegression regression = new
As in Counterfactual Fairness, we calculate a regression model to predict each of the variable (LSAT and UGPA) using the protected variables. The resulting residuals, \(\epsilon_{LSAT}\) and \(\epsilon_{UGPA}\) will in turn be used to calculate another regression model in order to predict the target variable ZFYA.
The residuals are calculated using the calculateEpsilon method, which consists of:
public RealVector calculateEpsilon(int[] protectedIndices, int targetIndex) {
 int[] protectedRows = new int[];
 Arrays.setAll(protectedRows, i -> i);
 final RealMatrix _x =,
 final RealVector _y =,
 new int[]{targetIndex}).getColumnVector(0);
 final OLSMultipleLinearRegression regression = new
 regression.newSampleData(_y.toArray(), _x.getData());
 return new ArrayRealVector(regression.estimateResiduals());
Which simply calculates a regression model for the variables using the protected attributes and returning a RealVector with the residual \(\epsilon\).


text:
Follow instructions to fold sheets of A4 paper into pentagons and assemble them to form a dodecahedron. Calculate the error in the angle of the not perfectly regular pentagons you make.
Her walk needs to start and end at the same place, and she needs
to be able to see every part of the planet's surface at some stage
during her walk. Investigate the possible paths she could take. The
challenge is to find the shortest path you can!
One way of investigating and recording this could be to create a
net of a dodecahedron, and draw the path on the net, being careful
to consider which faces will join when the net is folded up.
Here are two nets you could use, but you may find it easier to
visualise an efficient path using a different one.


Bach and Books
You can expose your students to classical music while they are reading quietly in a reading area by letting them listen to music on portable cassette players or CD players. Your public library likely has recordings to check out, and is a wonderful way to introduce them to something they likely have no knowledge of at all.


text:
1. Low Capacitance
This is possibly the most important audible aspect, Interconnects transfer analog voltage signals between components. The voltages involved range from < microvolt to over +1 Volts, but the currents involved are always extremely small. The currents are small because the load that the interconnect drives is generally between 10-100K ohms. This is the input impedance of the component being driven. There is virtually zero power transfer with interconnects.
Because there is basically zero power transfer, it is not necessary for the driving component to be capable of driving much power. As a result, most components are designed with an output impedance of between 7 and 200 ohms. Lower is better because the driver is less "sensitive" to the load. However, the load is actually comprised of a resistive part and a capacitive part.
This capacitance is caused by the integrated circuit or transistor packaging, the printed circuit board traces and the silicon itself. This capacitance presents a load to the driving component. If the capacitance is too large, the high-frequencies will begin to attenuate or decrease due to the loading on the driver. The input capacitance of a component is generally never characterized (not in the specs), but this is actually as important as the resistance. The interconnect also adds to this capacitance and can actually contribute more to the total capacitance than the receiving component. It is therefore an object to minimize the capacitance in an excellent interconnect.
The capacitance of in interconnect is a function of its length. The longer it is, the higher the capacitance. This is why interconnect length should generally be minimized. Interconnect capacitance is also function of geometry and dielectric material. Capacitance is minimized by spacing the two conductors apart as much as possible and by avoiding parallelism. It is also minimized by using low dielectric-constant materials between the two conductors.
(In AC power cables high capacitance will also affect stereo imaging, and many other aspects that will be discussed in another post)
How do we minimise capacitance in A.L.A. cables?
- Air dielectric is used between the two conductors where possible, a good example is our Zircon range.
- Where air is not possible, Teflon or other low-dielectric constant materials are used
- Conductor parallelism is avoided by geometry
- Conductors are spaced apart, Once again our Zircon range is a perfect visual example of this design principal
2. Minimize skin-effect
Skin-effect occurs when the high-frequency currents flow on the outer "skin" of the conductors whereas lower frequencies have more uniform current distribution across the conductor cross-section. This happens when too large a gauge is chosen for the conductors. The effect is that the impedance (primarily inductance and capacitance) is different for low frequencies than high frequencies. This difference in impedance can cause attenuation and phase shifts in high-frequency passages relative to low-frequency passages, causing a smearing effect to the music. If a sufficiently small gauge is chosen for the conductors, all frequencies are "forced" to flow more uniformly in the conductors, effective eliminating skin-effect. Skin-effect is also a function of conductor material.
How does we minimize skin-effect in A.L.A cables?
- Careful selection of conductor gauge and stranding to insure optimum low and high-frequency response.
- 99.99% Pure Silver conductors ideally, or high purity coppers
3. Minimal use of conformal coatings
Conformal coatings (insulation) on conductors create a non-uniform dielectric medium around the conductors. This dielectric material stores energy from the conductors in the form of charge. Similar to a battery, the dielectric material prevents the conductors from discharging immediately and completely when the music waveform demands this. The result is that latent charge is still present in the dielectric material to be released when it is not desired. The technical term for this effect is Dielectric Absorption. This effect is more pronounced in less expensive cables that use PVC for insulation rather than Teflon or other low dielectric-constant materials. This has two detrimental effects:
Latent charge can change the amount of energy required to charge the dielectric, drawing less current with some passages than others from the driver. Latent charge can appear on the conductors when it should not be there. Either of these effects can conceivably cause "smearing" or dispersion of the audio signal, particularly between left and right channels, where this can become audible to humans.


Opportunities to participate in collaborative problem-solving STEM learning activities and tasks are provided throughout the day using an inquiry-based approach facilitated by Okatie educators. Choice empowers students to personalize and own their STEM learning experiences. Science Fair, solar system projects, Math Buddies collaboration across grade levels, and creating solar ovens are just a few examples.
Students in upper grades buddy with students in younger grades building friendships, explaining concepts, and developing problem solving skills. Math Buddies is a nonthreatening practice for older students as they teach mathematical concepts to younger students, using school, manipulatives, and hands-on explorations.
Students create digital or 3-D models of the solar system to demonstrate their understanding of planet positions as well as relative distance and size.
Individual or collaborative student participation in the annual Science Fair provides learning experiences in which students engage in the scientific inquiry; asking questions, developing a hypothesis, testing, and recording trials and revising findings. Students explore concepts in physics, chemistry, and environmental sciences, and carefully explain procedures and findings.
Students in grades 3-5 participate in an engineering design activity during Science Lab. Students learned about blueprints and the importance of details in 2-dimensional diagrams. Students create a 2-dimensional drawing (blueprint) of their new invention including detailed labels so an engineer could build it from their diagrams.
 Students were given a 2-dimensional diagram in which they had to create the 3-dimensional object.


text:
Digital Image Registration and Comparison
←Older revision | Newer revision→
This page has been written as part of the NIP2 Beginners Guide.
Image registration is the process of ensuring that the matching features of two similar images appear in the same place in each image. If different images have been captured of a single object, at different stages of it's life, for example before, during or after conservation work or with different pieces of equipment, for example visible, infra-red, uv or x-ray, then they may need to be registered to each other before direct digital comparisons are carried out.
Image comparison is the process of checking whether the matching features of two similar images appear in the same place in each image. Comparisons can be used to check the result of the registration procedures or just to check if two similar images match, this can very useful when comparing different versions of the same painting, or even checking whether a drawing or cartoon has been used in the construction of a painting.
There are two basic registration function included in nip2, Linear Match and Perspective Match. Two images need to be selected and then the chosen function can be performed, the second image will be adjusted to match the first based on the positioning of a set of marks.
Figure 8.1: Selection of sample images used to show the results of the image overlay and image registration functions. Image A is the base image that the others starting images, B, C and D want to be resistered to. Images AA, AB, AC and AD are the result of running the overlay function with image A and all of the starting images. Images B2 and C2 show the results of linear matching images B and C with image A and image D2 show the results of perspective matching images C with image A. Images AB2, AC2 and AD2 are the result of running the overlay function with image A and the three matches images.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Image: Transform: Linear Match]
This functions can be used to correct size, translation and rotation differences between two images. Two marks are placed on each of the original images, which can be moved to indicate the position of two good matching features in the images. In addition to the marks options are provided to lock the image to prevent resizing[_TAG_ 1] and to allow the software to try to improve the position of your marks[_TAG_ 2].
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Image: Transform: Perspective Match]
This functions can be used to correct size, translation, rotation and perspective distortion differences between two images. Four marks are placed on each of the original images, which can be moved to indicate the position of four good matching features in the images.
There are three basic comparison function included in nip2, Overlay, Slider Blend and Along Line, see figure [_TAG_:reg_comp 8.2]fg:reg_comp. Two images need to be selected and then the chosen function can be performed for the comparison to be performed.
Figure 8.2: Examples of the nip2 objects produced by the three basic comparison functions, Overlay, Slider Blend and Along Line.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Filter: Overlay]
This function produces a mono version of the original object and then uses them along with a black image to produce a RGB[_TAG_ 3] colour image. By default the first image is used to create the red chanel, the second image is used to create the green chanel and the black is used for the blue channel, this is know as Green over Red. Here the good areas of overlap will appear yellow, where the green and red images match, see figure [_TAG_:reg_regandcomp 8.1]fg:reg_regandcomp and figure [_TAG_:reg_comp 8.2]fg:reg_comp. The function object does provide the option to change this image order to produce different colours if it is required.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Filter: Blend: Slider Blend]
This function effectively places the second image on top of the first and then allows the user to adjust the transparency of the second image by moving a slider back and forward.
- [Main Window][Toolkits: Filter: Blend: Along Line]
This function produces an new image by blending then together down a line. Options are provided for the user to decided if the images are to be blended left-right or top-bottom and to control the position and degree of the blend.
This can be good if you are wanting to line two images up but not actually change their size. This process does not always improve your match but can be helpful at times. see section [_TAG_:colour 3.3.3]sec:colour


text:
This book introduces the reader to the concepts and principles of lunar and planetary mission engineering and provides an overview of the systems engineering which underlies space mission
design/engineering. It covers a number of past and future space exploration missions, presenting the mission profiles, identifying radiation shielding requirements, and describing the characteristics of the Moon and the
planets. Specific mission details such as atmospheric aerobraking and capture, orbital transfer, and interplanetary mission trajectories are presented, along with propulsion requirements and sizing.


The shrine of knowledge.
Namlish is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Namlish books and related discussion.
Suggested News Resources
There Is No Such Thing As 'Namlish'
MOST people in Namibia who cannot converse properly in English claim that they speak 'Namlish'. This is ridiculous! There is only one way out here: either you can speak good English or you speak bad English.
Namibia revels in the ripples of a great win
There are those of German decent, and they all converse in what is called 'Namlish'. It is all cause for some light-hearted banter. "If you're Namibian, you're Namibian.
Diescho's Dictum: If the world was a village of just 100 inhabitantsMy
The earth is old. According to Hebrew orthodoxy this year is 5776 after the earth was created. Christian Scientists hold it is over 4.
Is Afrikaans now Namibia's second official language?
Please allow me to express my views on the unchallenged popularity and dominance of Afrikaans as a language in Namibia and its somewhat superfluous potential of becoming an official language in the not too distant future, if left unchecked.
Do you speak Uglish? How English has evolved in Uganda
Namlish, spoken in Namibia, which according to The Namibian Sun only has one rule: no grammar. Mumbai, home to 21 million people, has its own version of Hindi called Bambaiya, which incorporates sayings and pronunciations from Marathi, Hindi and ...
Discussion Forum
Place for your opinion


Publ: Python API
Last updated:
Library calls
The publ library provides the publ.Publ class. Its constructor is called as follows:
 - Publ(name, cfg): Creates a Publ application object.
 name is the internal name for the application; this is more or less arbitrary although it's useful if you're setting up multiple Publ applications for some reason (Note: multiple Publ apps are not currently supported). Generally you just pass in __name__ for this.
 cfg is the configuration options for Publ; it is a dictionary which holds the following values:
 - database_config: The parameters sent to PonyORM's db.bind() method. Defaults to an in-memory sqlite database.
 - index_rescan_interval: How frequently Publ should do a maintenance rescan of the content files. Defaults to 7200 (2 hours); set to 0 or None to disable.
 - index_wait_time: How long to wait to start updating the index after a change is detected, in seconds. Defaults to 1.
 - content_folder: The directory which contains the root of your site's content files. Defaults to content
 - template_folder: The directory which contains the root of your site's template files. Defaults to templates
 - static_folder: The directory which contains the root of your site's static files. Defaults to static
 - static_url_path: The root path that browsers will be directed to for static content files. Defaults to /static. If you want to use a separate CDN/image server/etc., you would configure this to be the URL that would correspond to your static asset directory for the public (and configure some other mechanism for that external service to actually retrieve your origin content).
 - image_output_subdir: The subdirectory of static_folder that will be used to store the image rendition cache. Defaults to _img.
 Be careful not to set this to a directory you want to store static files in, as they risk being deleted.
 - image_cache_interval: How frequently to clean the image rendition cache, in seconds. Defaults to 7200 (3 hours).
 - image_cache_age: The maximum age of image renditions to keep, in seconds. Defaults to one month.
 - image_render_threads: The maximum number of threads to use for image rendering; defaults to the number of CPUs in the system. Set this to None to use the Python default for ThreadPoolExecutor.
 - timezone: The timezone to use for dates with no specified time zone. Defaults to the server's local timezone.
 - cache: A dictionary with the page caching configuration; see the deplyment guide for more information. Defaults to {} (i.e. no caching).
 - markdown_extensions: A list of extensions to use with the Markdown processor; see the misaka documentation for a list of accepted values. Defaults to ('tables', 'fenced-code', 'footnotes','strikethrough', 'highlight','superscript','math').
 Generally you will only want to configure this globally, but you can also override these settings at the template level by passing markdown_extensions in as configuration to the entry properties (entry.body, entry.text, entry.title, etc.).
 - layout: Default layout parameters to send to all templates on the site to use for entry.body, entry.more, and entry.footnotes; for example,
 'layout': {
 'max_width': 1024,
 'quality': 80,
 'heading_link_class': 'toc'
 will make the default arguments to entry.body equivalent to:
 {{entry.body(max_width=1024, quality=80, heading_link_class='toc')}}
 - auth: The configuration values for the authentication system. Defaults to no configuration.
 - user_list: The filename of the configuration file that stores the user configuration. Defaults to users.cfg
 - admin_group: The name of the user group that will have administrative access; defaults to admin
 - auth_log_prune_interval: How frequently to clean out the authentication log, in seconds. Defaults to 3600 (one hour).
 - auth_log_prune_age: The maximum age of authentication log entries to keep, in seconds. Defaults to one month.
 - ticket_lifetime: How long a Ticket Auth ticket can stay in-flight, in seconds. Defaults to 60 (one minute).
 - token_lifetime: How long a Ticket Auth token will remain valid, in seconds. Defaults to one month.
 - search_index: The directory to keep the full-text search index data in; defaults to None, disabling full-text search.
Application object
A Publ application object is an extension of a Flask application object; you can do all the same things to it as you could to a Flask object, although it's a good idea to not modify any of the configuration values that Publ expects to see.
This mostly exists to provide the _USER_ decorator and its related add_path_regex function; here is an example from my site, used to remap legacy URLs (like /d/20060606.php) to newer URLs (like /comics/?date=20060606):
app = publ.publ(__name__, {})
def redirect_date(match):
 return flask.url_for('category', category='comics',, True
The path alias function takes a re.match object and returns a tuple of (url, is_permanent). This function can also make use of the various Flask request context things (e.g. request.args) and if it doesn't want to redirect after all it can return (None,None).
Note that you can also use _USER_.route like any typical Flask application, but due to Flask routing rules it may not work with variadic routes. For example:
def favicon():
 """ Static route should work """
 return flask.send_file('favicon.ico')
def redirect_foo(path):
 """ Dynamic route will likely fail, as the 'category' route is a stronger match """
 return "We are invisible: {}".format(path)
is unlikely to work. Currently Flask doesn't provide any clean mechanism for adjusting a routing rule's priority; this StackOverflow question discusses the issue and some possible workarounds.
This is based on the that configures It configures basic logging, sets the in-process cache to store up to 500 items for up to 300 seconds, and only does a maintenance rescan once per day. It also maps a bunch of legacy URLs as well as forwarding ActivityPub requests to's handler.
""" Main Publ application """
import os
import logging
import logging.handlers
import publ
import flask
if os.path.isfile('logging.conf'):
 if not os.path.isdir('logs'):
 'logs/publ.log', when='D'),
 format="%(levelname)s:%(threadName)s:%(name)s:%(message)s")"Setting up")
APP_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
config = {
 'database_config': {
 'provider':'sqlite',
 'filename': os.path.join(APP_PATH, 'index.db')
 'timezone': 'US/Pacific',
 'cache': {
 'CACHE_TYPE':'simple',
 'CACHE_THRESHOLD': 500
 } if not os.environ.get('FLASK_DEBUG') else {},
 'index_rescan_interval': 86400
app = publ.publ(__name__, config)
def favicon():
 """ Send the favicon.ico file directly from this directory """
 return flask.send_file('favicon.ico')
def redirect_date(match):
 ''' legacy comic url '''
def redirect_blog_entry(match):
 ''' missing blog entry -- put up the apology page '''
 return flask.url_for('entry', entry_id=7821), False
def redirect_bridgy(match):
 ''' support ActivityPub via '''
 return '' + flask.request.full_path, False
if __name__ == "__main__":'PORT', 5000))
Flask endpoints
If you're writing Python code that extends Publ, you might need to use flask.url_for. Here are Publ's usable endpoints:
 - category: Routes to a category page; options are:
 - entry: Routes to an entry page; options are:
 - entry_id: The numeric ID of the entry (this is the only one that's useful to specify in url_for)
 - slug_text: The SEO slug text
 - category: The category the entry lives in
 - login: Routes to the login page; options are:
 - redir: The path to redirect to after login completes.
 Note that this must not start with a /. Typical usage will be something like:
 {# login and redirect back to this page #}
 {{ url_for('login', redir=request.full_path[1:]) }}
 {# login and redirect to a specific entry #}
 {{ url_for('login', redir=url_for('entry', entry_id=12345)[1:])}}
 The [1:] is to trim the initial / off the path.
 - me: An identity to initiate sign-in as. This is equivalent to submitting the login form with this value set, and is only really useful for testing.
 - logout: Routes to the logout page; takes the redir option with the same usage as login.
 login and logout have a helper available in publ.utils.auth_endpoint, which simplifies the usage of the endpoints; it takes an endpoint name and returns a function which routes to that endpoint with an optional redirection parameter. If no redirection parameter is provided, it defaults to flask.request.full_path.
 import publ.utils
 # get the login helper
 login_helper = publ.utils.auth_endpoint('login')
 # log in and


The Sink Thing
The Sink Thing is a short film that combines both stop motion and cel animation about the mysterious creature known as the Fatberg, which was born from an unfortunate incident. The short film aims to raise awareness and educate the public to not dispose liquid food waste by pouring it down the sink. The film is still to be completed, but here are selected works from our work in progress!
Fatberg is a buildup of FOGs (fat, oil, and grease) and non-biodegradable matter that end up down the drain and eventually block up the sewage system. This causes multiple problems from household spillage, environmental damage, to diseases. While most people know not to flush trash down the toilet and pour liquid kitchen waste down the sink, we all still do it anyway. What can we do about it?
For this brief, students pair up into a group of 4-5. Each group must find a way to tackle an issue from a list of topics and come up with a design solution that is built up from research. Students must then do a proposal presentation and pitch their solutions based on findings. The following term, students begin making collaterals based on respective proposals, aiming for a minimum viable product. Finally, the MVPs are then presented to a panel.
storyboard sketch.jpg
Raw stop motion footage done in a verrry tight budget. We used a mix of puppeting with fishing line and blue tac to secure the props onto surfaces.
Rough cel animations over stop motion footage. We use facial libraries to help make the animation process quicker.
Team T.R.A.S.H.
Style frames
Stop motion animation
Cel animation
After Effects cleanup
Logo design
Juvensco - Technical director
Vania Chandrawidjaja - Art director
William Kusuma - Animation director
Tallen Borucki - Graphic designer


text:
Master of Arts
Theory and Criticism
In 2010, Wayde Compton proposed, as an experiment, replacing the term 'passing' with 'phehenticizing' in relation to critical race theory and in conjunction with the manner in which we interpret the relationship racialized subjects possess with agents of the state. Pheneticizing, co-opted as a theoretical term from the branch of taxonomy called phenetics, when it comes to human interaction, has been demonstrated from a Eurocentric position of power from the time of European colonial expansion; through the era of the African slave trade of Europe and the Americas; into the time of American reconstruction; and persists within our current reality. In the expansion of this theory, this paper gives consideration to William Wilberforce's attempt to restructure the labour force of a capitalist market; Louis Althusser's position on Marxist-Leninist structure and the subjectified relationships to both the ideological and repressive state apparatuses; and the role of the subject within interpellation as the subjectified 'other' by those in positions of power. In addition to a historical and theoretical look at pheneticizing as a practice of human interaction, this paper considers the presence of pheneticization within the works of both black and white authors, typically considered as 'passing' literature. These works, stretching from Twain in the 19th century to Senna in the late 20th century, take on greater depth within the new theoretical diagnostic of pheneticizing, further illustrating the relationship between the phenetized subject in his relationship to elite capitalist power structures and the need for a reproducing labour force in order for those structure to survive.
Dew, Richard, "Pheneticism As A Cultural And Literary Critique Of Human Interaction" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5866.


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 FBI changes definition of rape
 The{ }Federal Bureau of Investigation is changing its longstanding definition of rape to include men and to better reflect the victims' experiences.
 In a statement released Friday, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the Uniform Crime Report's (UCR) new definition of rape is "the penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim."
 The new definition now includes any gender of victim or suspect and instances, in which, the victim is unable to give consent because they are under the influence of drugs or alcohol or too young.
 The original definition of rape was "the carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will."
 "These long overdue updates to the definition of rape will help ensure justice for those whose lives have been devastated by sexual violence and reflect the Department of Justice's commitment to standing with rape victims," Attorney General Holder said. "This new, more inclusive definition will provide us with a more accurate understanding of the scope and volume of these crimes."
 { }
 { }


text:
Steel Sheet Piling
Steel sheet piles are long structural sections with a vertical interlocking system that creates a continuous wall. The walls are most often used to retain either soil or water. The ability of a sheet pile section to perform is dependent upon its geometry and the soils it is driven into. The pile transfers pressure from the high side of the wall to the soil in front of the wall.
There are permanent and temporary applications. Permanent sheet piles remain in the ground and serve as permanent retaining structures. Temporary sheet piles are designed to provide safe access for construction, and are then removed.
Hot rolled and cold formed are two primary methods of manufacturing sheet pile. While there are key differences between these two methods, the most important distinction is the interlock. Since hot rolled sheet piles are produced from steel at high temperatures, the interlock tends to be tighter than its cold formed counterpart. Normally, looser interlocks are not recommended in extremely hard driving conditions or for walls requiring low permeability. Hot rolled sheet piles are generally larger and have a broader range of strengths than cold form sheet piles, but there is a large overlap between the two, especially in the most common sizes.