From physics, to form, to music: A journey into varietal aromas in 3 red wines
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, a French nobleman and scientist from the 18th century known as the father of chemistry, discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass in which, in any closed system, matter is neither created or destroyed, but only transformed, meaning in chemical reactions, while parts are moved around, the overall quantity remains the same.
Example of The Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical reaction
An example of The Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical reaction
The Law of Conservation of Energy, or the First Law of Thermodynamics, was to follow, stated first by William Rankine in 1850, but developed by many scientists and believed to originate from Sir Isaac Newton. 50 years later, Albert Einstein merged the two into the Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy in 1905 with the equation E=MC2.
Albert Einstein at the blackboard with his equation E=MC2
Albert Einstein at the blackboard with his equation E=MC2
My knowledge of physics is limited, so I would like to focus on these scientific laws conceptually. What strikes me about Lavoisier's Law of Conservation of Mass is not only does everything come from something, and nothing is ever really lost, but also that an intrinsic part of life is change. The human mind may perceive change in the fact that one is now different than one was in the past and in the future one will be different still. However, this is only a linear perception of time, 3 dimensional if you will. Returning to Einstein, in his theory of general relativity, exists a space-time continuum where all of space and time already exists, and while events happen within it, one's perception of the space and time they occupy is relative, suggesting that it is not necessarily linear, in what is known as the 4th dimension. I believe that this concept is also contained in Lavoisier's law in the sense that everything already exists, if only persisting in a constant state of becoming. But what does this have to do with wine?
The space-time continuum
The space-time continuum
In a previous post I looked at varietal aromas in three white wines that are formed at three different times in their state of evolution.
I would now like to look at varietal aromas in three red wines of French origin cultivated around the world: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir and Merlot. As with the white wines I explored, there are distinct aroma compounds either found in the grape themselves or formed during or after fermentation, which make these wines easily recognisable, even in a blind tasting. However, with red wines the chemical reactions involved are much more complex given the addition of phenolic components derived from maceration.
In fact, the book Il Piacere del Vino (The Pleasure of Wine), published by Presidio Slow Food, refers to the structure of white wines as two dimensional, with an equilibrium to be found between alcohol and acidity, while the structure of red wines is three dimensional, with an equilibrium to be found between alcohol, acidity and tannins.
Info graphic of equilibrium in white wines, Il Piacere del Vino
Info graphic of equilibrium in white wines, Il Piacere del Vino
Vedel's Triangle showing the equilibrium of red wines, Il Piacere del Vino
Vedel's triangle showing the equilibrium of red wines, Il Piacere del Vino
And if red wine could be thought to be 3 dimensional, why not four dimensional in the sense of Einstein's Space-Time continuum where everything already exists, if nonetheless occurring at different times?
It is also therefore necessary to speak of these varietal aromas as a group of aromas, formed with varying levels of intensity and quality, and expressed in accordance to the harmony, bouquet, or molecular matrix that is the culmitive whole of the wine.
I have Luigi Moio to thank, in his book Il Respiro del Vino (The Breath of Wine), for illuminating a world of chemical structures and their intricate interactions which are at the source of what we perceive in wine. He himself refers to these three wines (among others) as "solisti", soloists with specific varietal aromas stable enough to dominate over the others, as opposed to "orchestrali", orchestra wines which don't have stable enough aromas that consistently predominate over the others but rather work together to give the wine its character.
Illustration of "vini solisti" from Moio's book "Il Respiro del Vino"
Illustration of "vini orchestrali" from Moio's book "Il Respiro del Vino"
As a visual thinker, without knowing very much about chemistry, or physics for that matter, I'm intrigued by the idea of percise structures or forms that interact with other forms to create new ones, and that this complex organization of forms on a molecular level creates a sensorial world that we can enter into with the engagement of our senses and perception. In averting my focus on the wine as a whole, I'm inclined to see it as a sum of parts, that of which have been transformed and will continue to alter in form at the tiniest level, leading to the subtleties and shades perceived in any given wine at any given moment.
And if these structures are thought to already exist, to be persistently in the act of becoming, to be unleashed into an unimaginable immensity of time and space, to be instruments in a composed symphony, it is a truly beautiful thought indeed.
Green Pepper Aromas in Cabernet Sauvignon
Green pepper is a typical varietal aroma of this wine and is derived from the presence of aroma compounds called Pyrazines. Other aromas from these compounds include green peppercorn, potato skins and peas. This aroma could be considered a primary aroma because, even though you can't smell it in the grapes themselves, you can taste it when you chew on them, together with grassy notes derived from breaking vegetal fibres. In fact, this aroma becomes even more evident during alcholic fermentation and is enhanced by the grassy notes released when the grapes are pressed. Pyrazines tend to decrease with the maturation of the grapes and their exposure to sunlight, so if this aroma dominates over the other aromas in the wine it is a sign that the grapes did not reach full maturity, and is thus considered a defect. Other varietals that contain high amounts of Pyrazines include Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling and Aglianico.
Red and Black Currant Aromas in Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir is very different from Cabernet Sauvignon in that it grows best in cooler climates which help to preserve the delicate aroma compounds that tend to disintegrate with too much maturation. Typical varietal aromas include red and black currant, cherry, wild strawberry and blackberry, however these aromas are only produced after alcoholic fermentation. The grapes themselves are odorless and the must is characterised by grassy notes produced from the breaking of vegetal fibres, as in most wines. Chemical reactions in fermentation produce these red berry aromas which remain stable, gaining greater finesses and elegance with ageing. The best expression of Pinot Noir can be found in Burgundy in the premiers crus of Cote de Nuits and Cote de Beaune.
Forest Fruit Aromas in Merlot
The aromas in Merlot are somewhat an anomaly, because while the wine has distinct and recognizable aromas, they are derived from the same aroma compounds found in most red wines and the specific chemical reactions that make Merlot so unique are yet to be discovered. Typical varietal aromas include forest fruits such as blueberry, raspberry, cranberry, blackberry and strawberry, and are derived from the chemical class of esters. These aromas compounds are produced during alcoholic fermentation and have a more elegant expression if the grapes are not overmature with hints of pepper, coffee, tabacco, mint, cacao, violette and rose. This wine is often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon as the fullness and roundness of Merlot's fruity aromas and structure is complemented by the freshness and elegance of the tannins and spices in Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. Some of the best expressions of this famous Bordeaux blend are Saint-Emilion and Pommerol.
Wine as physics, as form, and as music.
"Il grande vino é una fusione perfetta tra scienza e poesia."
A great wine is the perfect fusion of science and poetry.
-Luigi Moio
Sources: "Il Piacere del Vino, come imparare a bere meglio" (Slow Food Editore), "Il Respiro del Vino" (Luigi Moio)
 1. A very deep and thoughtful post, I especially like the analogy of soloist and orchestra which I'm sure applies to my own tasting experience at the orchestra end of such a dimension. When I go to a concert, if a solo violinist plays I can of course hear it, but when the orchestra plays together my ability to pick out even the violinist contribution is zero! Same with wines!
 Two nights ago we were out having dinner in Rully near Beaune with three winemakers. We opened a bottle of Premier Cru Rully and surprisingly I immediately tasted


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The Yellow-bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus, is easily recognised by its paddle-shaped tail and distinctive colouration of a dark back contrasting with variously patterned paler sides and belly. It has more than 40 rows of mid-body scales and large regular head scales. Total length of about 80 cm.
Yellow-bellied Sea SnakePhotographer: Peter Robertson. Source: Wildlife Profiles Pty Ltd
This species lives in the surface layers of the open ocean and drifts passively in warm currents. It probably occurs in Victorian waters as a result of drifting down from further north. It is quite helpless on land and sea snakes washed onto beaches during storms seldom manage to return to the sea.
The Yellow-bellied Sea Snake feeds entirely on small fish, which it immobilises with a potent venom. Females give birth to 1-6 live young.
Care should be taken with this species as it is considered dangerous. If bitten on a limb, apply a pressure bandage, immobilise the limb and seek medical advice immediately. If bitten elsewhere, apply continual direct pressure to the bite site. Do not wash the wound as the venom can confirm the identification of the snake.
Coventry, A. J. and Robertson, P. 1991. The Snakes of Victoria – A Guide to their Identification. Department of Conservation & Environment/Museum of Victoria.
Cogger, H. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Reed Books.
Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2003. Reptiles of Australia. Princeton University Press.
We love receiving comments, but can't always respond.
Hi Christine, You can find the answers to some of your questions in the InfoSheet above. Yellow-bellied Sea Snakes live on the surface of the water well away from land, not on the sea floor or in caves. They are often seen as individuals, but can also form extremely large groups associated with long lines of debris on the sea surface. They are predators creeping up on, or waiting to ambush, prey. They are piscivores (they eat only fish). They do not have many predators; their bright colours act as a warning that the snake is highly venomous. The venom is highly toxic and contains potent neurotoxins and myotoxins that can cause muscle pain and stiffness, drooping eyelids, drowsiness and vomiting, and possibly paralysis and death. If bitten, seek medical attention immediately. Reproduction occurs in warm waters throughout the year, but only during warmer months in cooler waters. They give birth to 2-6 live young from early spring to mid-autumn. Gestation is 5 months.
Hi Blake - we wouldn't be able to suggest an identification for what bit you without seeing an image, however it is safe to assume that if this species can be found in Victorian waters, it certainly is possible that they could be found near Killalea.
Hope this helps
Hi Cori, it is possible that what you have seen is not the species found around Australia but one of the North American species. You may want to contact the Florida Museum of Natural History who will have more information on the species of snake found in that part of the world.
Hi John, sharks and other large predatory fish as well as birds are the more obvious predators of the Sea Snake. As potentially dangerous as sea snakes are they are still vulnerable to attacks from other animals. Many birds are very adept at killing snakes to have for a meal, and snakes that spend their life in the water are no exception.
This species has an international distribution which includes the Indian Ocean, so it's perfectly normal to find them in Seychelles.
Hi Lis - Yes, these snakes have a very wide distribution, so it is certainly possible that this is the snake you found.
Hi Les - Having checked this reference book - Cogger, H. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. - it would appear that the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake has a distribution that extends well down the coasts of NSW, so your find would not be unheard of in that location. I hope it recovered! As always, please exercise caution when handling wild reptiles; these snakes do have a venomous bite.
Thanks Cooper, Lachie and Hayden! We have contacted the Senior Curator of Terrestrial Vertebrates and she thinks that you have done the right thing and that you may have in fact saved the snake. We would like to remind you though that these snakes are venomous and you should be careful.
Hi there, Christian. Like many sea snakes, this species has a paddle-like tail for ease of moving through the water. This - along with its special scales - is ideal for aquatic life.
If you would like more specific information about Yellow-bellied sea snakes, please feel free to submit an enquiry to the experts detailing your questions here: Ask the experts
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Gertrude Fitzgerald was born April 1, 1876 in Fulton, Illinois to Ebenezer Baird and Sue Mussina. In 1896 she married Benjamin Fitzgerald, an engineer. His job led the family to various locations in Latin America, especially in Mexico. The Fitzgerald family lived most of the time in the small mountain community of Madera, Chihuahua, an important part of the Pearson Company's industrial empire. Gertrude Fitzgerald became interested in photography while living in Madera, and some of her photographs were used by the Pearson Company to make postcards to show prospective employees that they would be living in comfortable modern conditions. After the beginning of the revolution in 1910, Gertrude and the children, Nellie and Gerald, became refugees from the turmoil. They finally left Mexico in 1915 and moved to El Paso, Texas, where the status of the family soon changed. Benjamin Fitzgerald could not find work in the area and left to work for his father in Louisiana. Because of health problems Gertrude stayed in El Paso. The couple separated permanently in 1916. Gertrude found no market for her photography, but continued taking pictures. In El Paso she worked in retail businesses including the Popular Dry Goods Company and the White House. Gertrude Fitzgerald died on September 26, 1956 in El Paso, Texas.
The Gertrude Fitzgerald photographs images consist primarily of photographs taken by Gertrude Fitzgerald of her family life and people and places related to the travel and work of her husband. These photographs consist of images of Madera, Chihuahua, including photographs of workers in the Pearson Lumber Company near Madera; photographs of Federal troops preparing for or returning from military actions in the Mexican Revolution (about 1910); images of Mexico City, mostly Chapultepec or the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe; and landscapes and ruins near Casas Grandes in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Other images show scenes from the El Paso, Texas area, including local landmarks and military life at Fort Bliss, as well as some photographs of Mesilla, New Mexico. Photographs in the collection that were not taken by Gertrude Fitzgerald include scenes of the Hurley and Santa Rita mines in New Mexico and panoramic shots of Mexican revolutionaries. The collection also contains ephemeral material and a large collection of postcards of El Paso, Texas. The physical makeup of the collection consists mainly of large format negatives and four glass plates along with original photographs.


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Spurge Hawkmoth - Hyles euphorbiae
The forewing upperside of the Spurge Hawkmoth (Hyles euphorbiae
) is pale yellow-gray to lavender-gray, with a dark brown spot at the center of the costa and at the wing base, and a dark brown band running from the wing tip to the inner margin. The costal and outer margins may be dusted with pink or gray. The hindwing upperside is black with a pale greenish outer margin and a pinkish brown median band which becomes white at the inner margin. The wing span is about 64 -77 mm (Opler et al. 2010).
The larvae are also conspicuously colored, with a pronounced tail or "horn" near the rear end. Young larvae are variously patterned with green, yellow, and black. Older larvae have a distinctive red, black, and yellow pattern with a double row of white spots on each side and white speckles (Balaban and Balaban 2005).
Adult Spurge Hawkmoths are present beginning in early to mid-summer (Batra 1983). The females lay eggs singly or in small clusters on spurge leaves. (Opler et al. 2010). After hatching, larvae consume leafy spurge leaves and flowers. Mature larvae enter the soil to pupate. There are one or two generations per year, with soil-inhabiting pupae as the overwintering stage (Batra 1983).
The larvae of the Bedstraw Hawkmoth (H. gallii) are somewhat similar. However, the Bedstraw Hawkmoth has a single row of spots, and the Spurge Hawksmoth has a double row of spots (Balaban and Balaban 2005).
Populations of the Spurge Hawkmoth are present in several western states, including Montana, Idaho, and Oregon. The Spurge Hawkmoth was the first classical biological agent released against leafy spurge in the United States, with approval for introduction granted in 1965 (Batra 1983).
Summary of Observations Submitted for Montana
Number of Observations:
(Click on the following maps and charts to see full sized version)
Map Help and Descriptions
(Records associated with a range of dates are excluded from time charts)
Disturbed meadows and valleys with dense stands of leafy spurge (Opler et al. 2010).
The larvae feed on various species of Euphorbia
in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. Adults feed on flower nectar (Opler et al. 2010).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Appears in Collections:Psychology eTheses
Title: Young and Unemployed: Giving and Getting Recognition in Peer Groups and Online
Authors: Whittaker, Lisa S.
Supervisor(s): Gillespie, Alex
Keywords: Young People
Issue Date: Jun-2011
Publisher: University of Stirling
Abstract: Economists have stated that unemployment has a lasting negative effect, particularly on young people. The present research examined the experiences of young people Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in Scotland and the impact being NEET has on their identities. Specifically focussing on how these young people gain recognition and construct a positive sense of self. Three research questions are addressed: (1) how do young people give and receive recognition in their peer group? (2) How do young people engage with the alternative context of an online social networking site in order to give and receive recognition? (3) Are there any disagreements and/or misunderstandings between young people and employers? These questions are examined using three data sets: 16 peer group discussions with a total of 79 young people, 37 Bebo (a social networking site) profiles and questionnaires completed by 33 young people and 29 employers. Analysis of peer group discussions revealed the ways in which young people give and receive recognition and the recognition they feel they are given and denied from others. This highlights the complex transition into work for these young people and their struggle for recognition. For example, trying to balance avoiding ridicule from peers associated with certain jobs with their desire to find a job which will allow them to buy certain things and participate in adult life. Analysis of Bebo profiles revealed that young people make use of the existing structures of recognition within Bebo but also manipulate the site in order to gain further recognition in ways that could not have been predicted. Bebo offers young people the chance to gain recognition for popularity, sexual attractiveness and physical strength in ways which may not be deemed acceptable in everyday offline life. A comparison of the perspectives of young people and employers revealed a number of misunderstandings which hinder their relationship, for example the importance of qualifications. Analysis across these three data sets, and the social contexts they represent, reveals the tensions young people experience as they move between different structures of recognition. The main theoretical contribution of this research is a model of recognition in which the self is caught between different structures of recognition. This model provides an insight into what motivates young people to behave differently in different contexts, based on the perceived and actual recognition available. For example, online social networking provides a space for young people to receive recognition for how much alcohol they can drink, however this is not something they would draw attention to in a work environment. There are two applied contributions: (1) at a practical level, young people would benefit from more work experience placements and positive engagements with employers. (2) Most importantly, alternative structures of recognition are needed which recognise the knowledge and skills that young people do have. Instead of focusing on their weaknesses, we must help them build on their strengths. This would allow all young people to feel valued and more able to create a positive sense of self.
Type: Thesis or Dissertation
URI: _URL_
Affiliation: School of Natural Sciences
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There is nothing called fate.
Fate does not exist.
Fate is ever unreal.
Fate does nothing. Only imagination is such.
Except the state of a corpse, motionless is not seen in this world. The acquisition of results arises out of movement or action. Therefore fate is nonsensical.
Fate has been fashioned by fools. Those having that as the highest object are destroyed. But the wise have arrived at this position of excellence by means of manly effort.
Among those with weak intellects, fate is only a consolation in their sorrow. This is a comforting word. Really, there is no fate.
The attainment of fortunate or unfortunate things of a result accomplished by fruitful human effort in this world is described by the word 'fate.'
On obtaining the results of one's own actions, those statements such as 'this is so circumstanced,' have attained fame by the name 'fate.'
Under those very circumstances, the firm belief that there is fate is assumed by the foolish on account of wrong perception, just as a snake is assumed in a rope.
There is nothing called fate which has a form other than one's own former action. That former human effort is indeed described by the word 'fate.'
As much as there is effort, so would there be result quickly. Thus, there is only human effort. That alone could be 'fate.'
Yoga Vasishtha – Chapter I, lines (169 – 176) (182 – 185)
(Source: The Vision and the Way of Vasishtha – published by Indian Heritage Trust,


A Study on the Adaptability of College Students' Ideological and Political Education under the Environment of New Media
New media has rapidly become the important way of college students' school life and interpersonal communication for its fast spread, strong interaction, and universality. When the new media provides hope and opportunities for the ideological and political work in colleges and universities, it also brings impacts and challenges to the traditional way of education. Colleges and universities ought to actively seek for strategies of the adaptability of ideological and political education under the era of new media by strengthening the building of staff, improving political consciousness, building college new media platform, reinforcing college students media literacy education and introducing the new field of college ideological and political education.
Wang Cuiting, Zhu Shasha


text:
on consensus.
An example of a BARS system is given in –
The main advantage of BARS is that both the manager and the employees are actively involved in the appraisal process. This increases the relevance of the system to each job and also improves its acceptance by the employees. However, one drawback of this system is that it is cumbersome and needs considerable time and commitment to develop.
A 360-degree appraisal system aims at a comprehensive and objective appraisal of the employee performance. In a 360-degree appraisal system, the employee's performance is evaluated by his supervisors, his peers, his internal and external customers, his internal/external suppliers and his subordinates.
This system reduces the subjectivity of a traditional supervisor appraisal. It is also more comprehensive because the feedback is given by the peers, customers, suppliers and subordinates of the employee, who are more directly affected by his behaviour and performance, apart from the boss.
More and more organisations are trying to implement this system of appraisal in India. However, the Indian culture, which advocates a strong hierarchical divide, may find it a little hard to accept this novel concept where even the subordinates evaluate their boss. However, in spite of the cultural barriers, 360-degree appraisal system is finding more and more takers in the Indian corporate world.
In the new economy era, where teamwork is essential for any venture to succeed, team appraisals have emerged as one of the best tools for performance management. In the team appraisal method, the individual team members evaluate their colleagues in the team and provide feedback.
This helps in synergising individual efforts and taking the group performance to higher levels. Digital Equipment Corporation uses this kind of a participatory performance appraisal system.
The balanced scorecard as a method of measuring performance channelises the efforts of people to achieve organisational goals. The implementation of balanced scorecard involves formulating a strategy, and deciding what each employee needs to do-to achieve the objectives based on the strategy.
The HR scorecard is a part of the balanced scorecard. Individual responsibilities are assigned based on the strategy. This assigning of responsibilities to the individuals and tracking for achievement of objectives is called HR scorecard.
Each individual in his role will be assigned a set of initiatives and activities, which are his responsibility. These activities if done well, will contribute to the successful implementation of the company's strategy. The HR scorecard seeks to give online feedback to the employees as to how they are faring. In some cases, their salaries could be linked to their performance.
The balanced scorecard can be used to evaluate the alignment of compensation and benefit plans with the strategic needs of the employers and the employees. Many top Indian companies like Infosys, i2 Technologies, Godrej Consumer Products, GTL, ITC Ltd. and Mahindra & Mahindra are using this method of performance management.
Performance appraisal system has undergone a sea change over the years. HR managers and other organizational stalwarts feel happy and pride to say, 'We have a good Performance Management System (PMS) that is working well.' It is restated that performance appraisal refers to assessment or evaluation or review of performances of individuals with the ultimate aim of managing their performances.
Methods of Performance Appraisal – MBO, MAFS, Business Score Card, BARS, Ranking Method, Forced Distribution Method and Annual Confidential Method
Various performance appraisal methods are listed below:
1. Management by objective (MBO)
2. Multi-source assessment and feedback system (MAFS)
3. Business score card (BSC)
4. Behaviourally anchored rating scale (BARS)
5. Ranking (simple ranking, alternation ranking method, and paired comparison ranking) methods
6. Forced distribution method
7. Annual confidential method
These methods are dealt with in brief in the following sections:
Method # 1. Management by Objective (MBO):
It covers a wide spectrum of thoughts. When speaking of MBO, one person may be discussing a system to manage the national government, whereas another may think of MBO as the process of managing an organization and yet someone else may apply MBO for personal development.
The variation in perception about MBO is different as it can encompass any goal-setting procedure, from a highly structured corporate profit-target system to an individual's unstructured career plan. There may be heavy variations in MBO systems.
MBO may be designed for just one sub-unit of strategic business unit (SBU), that is, for the whole SBU or even for the whole organization. Emphasis can be laid on corporate planning, profit enhancing, individual motivation, etc. Managers may also opt for different approaches.
Method # 2. Multi-Source Assessment and Feedback System (MAFS):
This system is also known as '360 degree feedback' or 'multi-rater appraisals system'. It is a long felt need by organizations. In this system, one person is assessed by his immediate superior, internal and external customers, suppliers, colleagues, seniors of cross-functional areas, and even immediate subordinates.
All-round capability of a person can only be judged if the views of all the people who are regularly interacting with him are gathered. MAFS enables the multiple raters to measure behaviours critical to performance using questionnaires designed by the HRD department.
External consultant is generally engaged to prepare the summary to eliminate any sort of bias. MAFS is now a very popular means of appraising performance and many organizations are using MAFS.
Method # 3. Business Score Card (BSC):
Robert Kaplan and David Norton propounded the concept of BSC in 1996. It suggests that the organization is viewed from four perspectives, namely the learning and growth perspective, the business process perspective, the customer perspective, and the financial perspective.
The 'Learning and Growth Perspective' highlights the employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to improvement of both individual and the corporate. In a knowledge organization, people are the only repository of knowledge. In these organizations, learning and growth contributes to essential foundation for success.
The 'Business Process Perspective' refers to internal business processes. Different metrics based on this perspective allows the managers to ascertain how well the business is running. These metrics must be carefully developed by those who are well acquainted with the processes and the unique business missions. External consultants cannot develop the business metrics.
The 'Customer Perspective' emphasizes on the increasing importance of customer focus and customer satisfaction in today's management philosophy. Decrease in customer satisfaction is a leading indicator of future decline even if the current financial picture may look good. The prime aspect of any business is whether its products and services conform to customer requirements.
The 'Financial Perspective' lays emphasis on timely and accurate funding data as top priority. However, Kaplan and Norton do not disregard the traditional need for financial data. Managers must do whatever necessary to provide the funding data. Financial measures are outcomes that represent the executive's success at achieving strategic performance goals.
Method # 4. Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS):
BARS, sometimes called behavioural expectation scales, is a scale extensively used to record and report performances. It is a method that combines elements of the traditional rating scales and critical incidents' methods. This appraisal method aims to combine the benefits of narratives or descriptive statements of behaviours, incidents of critical incident method, and quantified ratings by anchoring a quantified scale with specific narrative/descriptive examples of good or poor performance.
BARS has been so named as it anchors behaviours and the scale represents a range of descriptive statements of behaviour varying from the least to most effective. It is by far the best method used for performance appraisal. BARS was developed to provide results that subordinates could use to improve performance.
Superiors would feel comfortable to give feedback to the subordinates. Further, BARS helps overcome rating errors. Unfortunately, this method too suffers from distortions inherent in most rating techniques. However, use of critical incidents is of prime importance.
Method # 5. Ranking Methods:
Ranking simply involves positioning of individuals from highest to lowest on a scale based on a predetermined definition of value or contribution. In some cases, you receive several reports from multiple assessors who do not allow individuals to pinpoint their strengths or weaknesses for improvement. Simple ranking, alternation ranking, and paired comparison ranking are the three methods of ranking.
i. Simple Ranking:
Out of all the methods, simple or straight ranking method is one of the oldest and the simplest techniques of performance appraisal. In this method, the appraiser ranks the employees from the best to the poorest on the basis of their overall performance. This technique is quite useful for a comparative evaluation.
ii. Alternation Ranking Method:
This method facilitates ranking employees from best to worst based on a trait or a set of traits. Since it is easier to differentiate between the best and the worst employees, alternation ranking method emerges as a very popular and widely adopted practice.
For doing this, the steps used include:
(a) Deciding the characteristic on ranking
(b) Preparing a list subordinates to be rated
(c) Deleting the names of those subordinates who cannot be considered
(d) Identifying the best and the worst from the subordinates remaining in the list
(e) Crossing out names of the worst ones from the list
(f) Identifying the best and worst from the remaining subordinates
(g) Repeating steps 5 and 6 till all the subordinates are exhausted
iii. Paired Comparison Method:
This is a precise method of ranking employees. It is a good way of weighing up the relative importance of employees for each trait pertaining to the quantity or quality of work. Each employee is compared against the remaining employees for a particular trait.
Method # 6. Forced Distribution Method:
Forced distribution is a method of performance appraisal to group employees in order of forced distribution. The raters assign employees as 'best performer', 'moderate performer', and 'poor performer'. For example


Am I allowed to add multiple TXT records for a single domain?
I've been asked to add a load of MS= records to domains, but some of the domains already have a TXT record.
Can I just add a new TXT record with the value or should I append it to the existing data?
Multiple TXT DNS records are perfectly acceptable. In fact, I think one of my domains has about 6 of them. If you append it to the end of another TXT record, it is likely to stop that one performing it's correct function.
In Amazon's DNS tool, Route53, if you're trying to create multiple TXT values that share the same name, you should surround each value in quotes and separate by a carriage return.
From the Route53 docs:
A text record. Enter multiple values
 on separate lines. Enclose text in
 quotation marks.
 "Sample Text Entries"
 "Enclose entries in quotation marks"
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Skip to definition.
Noun: factoid 'fak,toyd
 1. Something resembling a fact; unverified (often invented) information that is given credibility because it appeared in print
 2. A brief (usually one sentence and usually trivial) news item
Derived forms: factoids
Type of: info, information, news item
Encyclopedia: Factoid


Question: Are You A Bachelor After Divorce?
What do you call a woman who dates a married man?
Does the first relationship after divorce last?
Technically, the first relationship after your divorce is, in fact, a rebound relationship. Some rebound relationships end in flames, while others last for eternity. Keep reading for more …
What does spinster mean?
1 : a woman whose occupation is to spin. 2a archaic : an unmarried woman of gentle family. b : an unmarried woman and especially one past the common age for marrying.
What happens when a married man gets another woman pregnant?
What do you call a woman who cheats on her husband?
adulteryThe only absolute definition is of adultery. Adulterer is one who commits adultery. Adulteress is one who commits adultery. The critical point is that it is the act that is important, not the status of the participant.
How long should someone stay single after divorce?
Why is a single man called a bachelor?
But where did they come from in the first place? The Oxford English Dictionary's first recorded use of the word "bachelor" to mean an unmarried man came around 1386, with Geoffrey Chaucer.
What is a thornback?
: any of various ray fishes having spines on the back.
Is a divorced woman a spinster?
How long should you be single after a divorce?
Some people are ready to date after 2 months; others may need years. Don't rush. It's important to experience the emotions associated with divorce. Give yourself "a little time to think, a little time to grieve, a little opportunity to find someone else," Sills says.
What is a female bachelor called?
Bachelorette (/ˌbætʃələˈrɛt/) is a term used in American English for a single, unmarried woman. … In older English, the female counterpart term to "bachelor" was "spinster".
What is the male version of a spinster?
A synonymous but more pejorative term is old maid. The closest equivalent term for males is "bachelor" or "confirmed bachelor", but this generally does not carry the same pejorative connotations in reference to age and perceived desirability in marriage.
What is a second wife called?
Originally Answered: What is a second wife called in English? It's called a concubine. You can only have one wife. If you want to name someone else as your wife, you have to remove the title from your current wife.
Do husbands come back after divorce?
Is it better to stay single after divorce?
This time after divorce and before a new relationship is so important to overall healing and future happiness. You are worthy of spending this time on yourself, you are more than enough alone and life will go on faster than you imagine.
What is considered a bachelor?
A bachelor's degree is a four-year undergraduate degree. Historically, the term "college degree" meant a bachelor's or traditional four-year degree. … Bachelor degrees are also sometimes called baccalaureate degrees. Regionally accredited liberal arts colleges award most of the bachelor degrees in the United States.
At what age are you considered a spinster?
The word spinster was used to refer to single women between the ages of 23-26, while thornback is reserved for those 26 and above, writer Sophia Benoit discovered. The word is also detailed on the (of course, highly official) Urban Dictionary which describes it as: 'An old, single, never-married woman.
Is a divorced person considered single?
Do ex wives miss their husbands?
What percentage of divorced couples get back together?
What is a 6 year degree called?


text:
Color lock is a process for reconstructing the color signal of primarily PAL-encoded U-matic tapes (Low and High Band) on playback. If the signal frequency is off, "the colour subcarrier will shift phase for the duration of one line, which means that colours will be reproduced incorrectly."1 The result is quite noticeable:
A colour gradient stretches from the left-hand edge to the right-hand edge of the image, with a narrow achromatic area down its vertical center axis. More precisely, all scan lines start at the left-hand edge of the image with a colour shift specific to each hue. Colour saturation drops to zero towards the centre of the image, then rises to reach maximum saturation in the complementary colour hue at the right-hand edge of the image.2
Black-and-white recordings and NTSC recordings are not susceptible to loss of color lock. However, if an NTSC recording "is played back on a multi-standard player with a colour lock control set in the wrong position, colour disappears completely and a characteristic diagonal herringbone pattern occurs."3
Can it be fixed?
Adjust the color lock control on a PAL playback device until the color is rendered correctly. If these adjustments do not resolve the artifact, try the same adjustments while playing a test tape in the same device. If the test tape's colors can be rendered correctly, then the tape recording has uncorrectable defects; however, if the issue persists while playing the test tape, then the device needs servicing.
1. Johannes Gfeller, Agathe Jarczyk, and Joanna Phillips, "Loss of colour lock" in Compendium of Image Errors in Analogue Video (edited by Swiss Institute for Art Research, Zürich: Scheidegger & Spiess, 2012), p.56, videos 5 & 6. ↩
2. Gfeller et al, "Loss of colour lock." ↩
3. Gfeller et al, "Loss of colour lock." ↩


text:
One of PS3′s original memory weaknesses was its large Operating System memory footprint, but it has once again been slashed. The console originally had an OS footprint of around 120MB's spread accross both the XDR and DDR Ram, which was soon reduced to 96MB (64MB on XDR and 32MB on DDR).
Compared to the Xbox 360′s total 32MBs used for its OS, the PS3′s was incredibly bloated. And lets face it, PS3 developers needed as much as memory as they could get. However, according to Sony's latest documents, the PS3 is now only using 50MBs for its OS, despite the addition of many new features, such as the in-game XMB. 7MBs of local memory is used, alongside 43MBs main memory.
So how have they been able to reduce the memoy usage while also adding features? The answer is actually in that very question. Unlike Microsoft, who knew what features they were going to use their memory for, Sony was still in the deveopment stages when they launched the PS3. Therefore, they reserved a big bunch of memory for future features development – once they locked these down they were able to continuously give memoy back to developers, while also refining each new feature's memory usage.
If Sony had discovered a feature that they wanted to implement later in the game, but found that it would use far too much memory, they would be unable to increase the OS memory, since it would mess up many a video game that was using this memory.
Sony may have also cut down memory usage by making a number of features optional, such as in-game music, which they may have removed from the default OS memory footprint.


text:
Western Narrow-Mouthed Toad (Great Plains Narrow-Mouthed Toad)
Like the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, this species has a plump body, small pointed head, and a fold of skin behind the eyes. This species is typically uniform in color, ranging from tan to gray or olive green, with few markings. The belly is white. Call is a high-pitched short peel sound that sounds similar to the buzz of a bee and lasts 1–4 seconds.
Similar species: The eastern narrow-mouthed toad has a darker overall color as well as a pattern of dark markings on the back. Also, its call is a bleating, nasal baaaa, like the cry of a lamb, and is nothing like the call of the western narrow-mouthed toad. These two species often occur in the same areas, but their mating calls are so different they don't interbreed and hybridize.


text:
SplitterContainer control with a fixed panel is resized due to the DPI setting, the
SplitterDistance value is not changed. This may result in the fixed panel appearing either too small or too large, depending on whether the DPI setting was increased or decreased.
For example, a Form with
AutoScaleMode set to
ScaleMode.DPI, and a
FixedPanel set to
SplitterDistance set to 140 appears as follows at it's native DPI (100%):
This is how it appears when run at a higher DPI (125%):
All the controls were resized, but
SplitterDistance was left unchanged at 140.
Note that this is only a problem when
SplitterContainer.FixedPanel is set to
Panel2. If it was set to
SplitterDistance would be adjusted to match the resizing.
The solution to adjust
SplitterDistance during the
Form.Shown event handler. The resizing does not work properly if performed in the constructor or the
Form.Load event handler.
Using the code
Include the following code snippet in your Form-derived class:
private SizeF scale = new SizeF(1.0f, 1.0f);
protected override void ScaleControl(SizeF factor, BoundsSpecified specified)
scale = new SizeF(scale.Width * factor.Width, scale.Height * factor.Height);
private void Fix(Control c)
foreach (Control child in c.Controls)
if (child is SplitContainer)
SplitContainer sp = (SplitContainer)child;
private void Fix(SplitContainer sp)
float sc = (sp.Orientation == Orientation.Vertical)? scale.Width : scale.Height;
if (sp.FixedPanel == FixedPanel.Panel1)
sp.SplitterDistance = (int)Math.Round((float)sp.SplitterDistance * sc);
else if (sp.FixedPanel == FixedPanel.Panel2)
int cs = (sp.Orientation == Orientation.Vertical)? sp.Panel2.ClientSize.Width :sp.Panel2.ClientSize.Height;
int newcs = (int)((float)cs * sc);
sp.SplitterDistance -= (newcs - cs);
Remember to call
Fix(this) from the Form's
Shown event handler. For Example:
private void Form1_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e)
Points of Interest
I am puzzled as to why the SplitterDistance values must be adjusted during the
event handler, and not during
Form.Load or the constructor. If anyone can explain this, please leave a comment.
- June 14, 2014 - First release.


text:
General Lifestyle Survey
(formerly called the General Household Survey)
The General Lifestyle Survey (in its previous incarnation as the General Household Survey) used to be one of the most used government surveys. However, with new, larger surveys introduced over the last decade, particularly the Family Resources Survey, it is now used much less often. In effect, its main uses are when Great Britain-wide results are required and none of the other surveys have the required data. This means that its uses are largely limited to analyses by:
- Limiting long-standing illness or disability.
- Available from: UK data archive.
- Registration required: yes.
- First survey available: 1971.
- Frequency: annual.
- Updated: May.
- Scope: Great Britain-wide (i.e. does not include Northern Ireland).
- Format: SPSS, STATA or TAB.
- Files: two files per year, one at the individual level and the other at the household level.
- Documentation: comprehensive.
- Weighted or unweighted: weighted from 1998/99 onwards but unweighted for earlier years.
- Household income data: yes, equivalised.
Note that, prior to 2008, the equivalent survey was called the General Household Survey (GHS).
Also note that:
- Prior to 2005, each dataset covered a financial year rather than a calendar year.
- There was no survey in either 1997/98 or 1999/00.
In addition to the dataset itself, ONS publishes an annual report giving many statistical analyses from the dataset.
Which software to use
As the annual dataset is around 30,000 records for individuals and 10,000 records for households, it can be exported into Excel.
When to use the individual and household datasets
Use the household dataset when the desired analysis relates to households. When the desired analysis relates to individuals use either the individual dataset and/or the household dataset depending on which has the variables that are required. If the required variables are in the household dataset then the analysis can be undertaken in either of two ways:
- by linking the two datasets together using the household serial number as the key; or
- by using the household dataset but multiplying the household weights by the number of people in the household to get individual weights.
Note that children have a null weight in the individual dataset so any analyses at the individual-level are actually analyses for adults only.
Because the dataset is for Great Britain only, the graphs below are also for Great Britain only.
|Working-age limiting long-standing illness or disability||individual||first three||Use ONS mid-year population estimates as necessary to translate proportions into absolute numbers.|
|fourth||Data actually obtained from table 7.5 of the ONS annual report rather than from the dataset itself|
|Older people limiting long-standing illness or disability||individual||first three||Use ONS mid-year population estimates as necessary to translate proportions into absolute numbers.|
Data actually obtained from table 7.5 of the ONS annual report rather than from the dataset itself
|Overcrowding||household||first||For the individual-level analysis, multiply the household weight by the number of people in the household.|


text: Women's 1930s hats were small and simple in decoration, yet their shaping was a work of art. Folded, molded, and angled felt made hats look like something out of a Picasso painting. A small belt, bow or brooch was the only ornament on most women's '30s hats. The cloche had remained common into the 1930s but now had a rolled brim. In summer, a small straw plate hat or very large straw picture hat, some with fabric coverings, were in style. In winter knit berets, scarves and turbans kept heads warm and fashionable. Read about the history of 1930s women's hats with our article here.


text:
In recent years the presence of stem cells (hBSCs: human breastmilk-derived stem cells) and epithelial progenitors has been demonstrated in mother's milk (MM). Stem cells present in samples of fresh MM exhibit a high degree of vitality and this makes possible the performance of cell cultures and to evaluate the differentiation capacity of the hBSCs. The most important datum that expresses the enormous potential of the use of MM stem cells is the presence of a cell population capable of differentiating into the three mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm lines. The small number of studies and MM samples analyzed and the different sampling methods applied suggest standardization in the collection, analysis and culture of MM in future studies, in consideration of the well-known extreme variability of MM composition, also from the standpoint of cells.
The analysis of literature data confirms the uniqueness of MM and its enormous potential.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Course on Perinatal Pathology (part of the 11th International Workshop on Neonatology · October 26th-31st, 2015) · Cagliari (Italy) · October 31st, 2015 · Stem cells: present and future
Guest Editors: Gavino Faa, Vassilios Fanos, Antonio Giordano


text:
Скачать Evolutionary and Neo-Schumpeterian Approaches to Economics (Recent Economic Thought) бесплатно
Lars Magnusson, "Evolutionary and Neo-Schumpeterian Approaches to Economics (Recent Economic Thought)"
Springer | 1994-03-31 | ISBN: _PHONE_ | 340 pages | PDF | 16 MB
This volume presents the interrelationships and possible connecting threads between two recent attempts within economic theory to step out of the mainstream of conventional neoclassical wisdom: evolutionary and neo-Schumpeterian theory. Neo-Schumpeterian and evolutionary approaches to economics present a challenge to conventional neoclassical orthodoxy. They provide new insights into how markets function, how innovations are carried out, how technologies change, and how growth occurs in existing real economies. The two fields of theory and research in which these approaches have proven especially fruitful are the role of innovation for economic change and development and the theory of the firm. The wide range of topics dealt with in this volume provides further proof of the versatility and fruitfulness of these approaches.
Enjoy this great book! Brought to you by SMIRK


text:
. This novel also stresses Blanche's sexuality, her Africa‐influenced
spirituality, and the difficulties of raising two children as a single parent. The third book in the series, Blanche Cleans Up, looks at issues facing parents of teens, especially teen pregnancy, as well as political corruption and homophobia. In the fourth book, Blanche Passes Go, Neely writes about violence against women. Blanche's involvement with a victim of domestic violence eventually leads her to a greater understanding of how she was—and still is—affected by a rape she suffered years earlier.
Neely's compulsion to respond outspokenly to social injustices was evident long before she created Blanche. After growing up in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, she moved in 1971 to
, where her commitment to social activism led her to work for the Philadelphia Tutorial Project on a range of inner‐city issues, including housing. She continued to pursue this interest in graduate school at the University of Pittsburgh, where she earned a master's degree in urban studies. After graduation, Neely worked for the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, where she helped to set up and run, despite much community resistance, a suburban facility for formerly incarcerated women. Later she moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, a city whose name inspired her fictional Farleigh. Here she wrote for Southern Exposure and produced radio programming for the African News Service. Later contributions to social activism include work with Women for Economic Justice and Women of Color for Reproductive Freedom. Neely currently lives in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, part of
Neely's first work of fiction was a story published by Essence in 1981; Blanche on the Lam (1992), was her first novel‐length work and initiated her into a small group of African American detective fiction writers, the most famous of whom is
. Neely's significance comes from her use of Blanche to add a distinctively feminist voice to African American mystery writing and from her commitment to use the mystery genre to explore social problems, many of which are racial. (See
Crime and Mystery Fiction.)
Frankie Y. Bailey, "Blanche on the Lam, or the Invisible Woman Speaks," in Diversity and Detective Fiction, ed. Kathleen Gregory Klein (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1999), 186–204; Barbara Neely: Blanche Among the Talented Tenth (New York: St. Martin's, 1994); Blanche Cleans Up (New York: Viking, 1998); Blanche on the Lam (New York: St. Martin's, 1992); Blanche Passes Go (New York: Penguin, 2000); "Barbara Neely," Voices from the Gaps, ed. Tiya Miles, University of Minnesota, 2002, _URL_ Doris Witt, "Detecting Bodies: Barbara Neely's Domestic Sleuth and the Trope of the (In)Visible Woman," in Recovering the Black Female Body: Self‐Representations by African American Women, ed. Michael Bennett and Venessa D. Dickerson (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001), 165–194.
Neff, Heather (born 1958)
Novelist, critic, and professor. Neff was born in Akron, Ohio, and grew up in
, where she graduated from
high school in 1975. She earned a B.A. in English from the University of Michigan in 1978. From 1983 to 1990 she lived in Switzerland, working as a corporate trainer for such companies as Swissair and Shell Oil, but also studying at the universities of Basel and Zurich; from the latter she received a doctorate in literature in 1990 (personal home page). Since 1993 Neff has taught literature and directed multicultural programs at Eastern Michigan University. She is the author of two novels, Blackgammon and Wisdom, and of a critical study about protest as expressed in African American poetry. She has also published poems and short stories in magazines and has written critical essays about
Heather Neff: Blackgammon (New York: One World/Ballantine, 2000); personal home page, _URL_ Redemption Songs: The Voice of Protest in Poetry of Afro‐Americans (Berne: Franke Verlag, 1990); Wisdom (New York: Ballantine, 2002).
Négritude (c. 1930–1960)
The concept of Négritude arose in France and concerns the formulation of a cultural identity based on the
of African peoples. It served as an organized response to European colonialism and postcolonialist domination of peoples of color worldwide. Négritude embraces a range of cultural expressions, including literature and visual arts, that focus on African traditions which have spread beyond Africa. It respects "Blackness" and lauds its virtues.
Aimé Césaire is credited with inventing the term "Négritude," which springs from the French word negre, meaning "black"; "Negro"; or even the epithet "nigger," depending on the context. Césaire perceived "Négritude" to connote pride in African heritage. He had gone to France from his native Martinique, a French colony, to study. However, it was Léopold Senghor who gave the term Négritude wide usage and application.
Even before Négritude became a movement, the concept of Black pride was known and championed elsewhere in the African diaspora. For instance, early in the twentieth century
Martin R. Delany
W.E.B. Du Bois
, in their writing and activism, urged Blacks throughout the world to be proud of their heritage and not settle for less than full acceptance in the world community. Also, the
served as a cultural reawakening for African Americans in the United States. Writers of the Harlem Renaissance such as
Jesse Redmon Fauset
were some of those whose publications had been translated and read by the founders of Négritude. Even before the Harlem Renaissance,
James Weldon Johnson
had written the song, "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing," and declared it the Negro national anthem (1900). Also in the political arena,
had launched his
, which emphasized Black pride.
By the end of
World War II
, a new spirit was emerging among the Black French‐speaking intelligentsia in France. This spirit gave momentum to the
Négritude movement. Joining Césaire in the founding of the Négritude movement were Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal and Frantz Fanon from Martinique. The three, who met while living in France during the 1930s, are recognized "fathers" of Négritude.
Léopold Senghor was a prolific writer and respected politician. Later he became president of the Republic of Senegal. In 1948 he edited an anthology of poetry that articulated the voices of francophone Africans, Anthologie de la Nouvelle Poésie Nègre et Malgache. He developed the concept of a "black personality" and advocated, philosophically, the existence of a "black soul." The renowned French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre wrote the preface to his book. Sartre's philosophy on color was a guiding force in shaping the direction of Négritude. He supported the movement, and his stature among French intellectuals gave further validity to Négritude.
Aimé Césaire left France to return home to the Caribbean in 1939. From 1941 to 1945 he, his wife, Suzanne Roussy‐Césaire, René Menil, Luci Thesée, and Aristide Maugée edited a journal called Tropique. This publication continued to perpetuate the concept of Négritude and to show the cultural commonalities that existed in the African diaspora. After the journal ceased publication, Césaire continued to pursue a successful writing career and entered local politics.
The other founder of the Négritude movement was Frantz Fanon. Originally from Martinique, he studied in France and was a student of Césaire. However, the teacher and student were not always in agreement about the philosophic direction of Négritude. Fanon was a psychiatrist who left France for Algeria during the period when that French colony was struggling for independence from France. His book Black Skin, White Masks (1952) contributed to the increasing dialogue on Négritude. He established the first psychiatric clinic on the African continent and was very active in the Algerian liberation movement. He edited a magazine, Moudjahid, in Tunisia and wrote another major work, The Wretched of the Earth (1961).
Léon‐Gontran Damas, whose early works contributed to defining Négritude, was born in French Guiana. He published a book of poems, with a Négritude theme, titled Pigments, a year before Senghor's anthology was released. Some other well‐known writers who contributed to the literature of Négritude were Ousmane Sembene, David Diop, and Cheikh Hamadou Kane. Perhaps the publication that popularized Négritude most widely throughout France, Africa, the African diaspora, and points beyond was a sophisticated journal titled Présence Africaine. Founded by Alioune Diop, from Senegal, it served as an


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How Tech Companies Are Transforming Their Workplaces with Utilization Data
Jo-Ann Mann, Serraview
By Jo-Anne Mann
Tech companies have long been pioneers of workplace transformation by necessity, with an incessant need to keep up with growth and attract top talent. With Smart Offices now an indelible part of the workplace landscape, utilization data is increasingly at the heart of the workplace revolution, opening new frontiers for enhancing savings and reimagining the employee experience
Unfortunately, gathering and analyzing this information hasn't always been easy. Now, with technological advances, tech companies are discovering new ways to capture and use space utilization data. Here's how:
A Changing Space Utilization Landscape for Tech Companies
Utilization data is essentially any data that reflects how spaces are actually being used, which can mean how many people have swiped into a building on a given day, or how many times a conference room was at capacity according to a smart sensor.
Once upon a time, companies were forced to rely on professionals to physically walk through buildings, floor by floor, and conduct manual audits. This method relied heavily on physical observations and estimates—some that weren't always accurate. These manual methods also required time-intensive processes, tedious number crunching, and were rather limited in their applications to the daily life of employees.
As utilization data has become more accessible and as the workplace technology designed around utilization has become more nuanced and robust, Smart Offices are now taking shape in many forms, with systems that capture utilization to inform workplace planning/modernization, to employee wayfinding apps that connect people to their spaces.
Utilization is Driving the Flexible Space Revolution
With greater insight than ever before on how much space is needed, the supply and demand for different types of spaces, and where individuals are within the office environment, Tech companies can now measure flexible spaces with greater precision than even the most traditional and static cubicle farm.
This has led to the rise of Activity Based Work environments, where sections of offices are redesigned to be unassigned, offering employees an exciting array of choices for places to work throughout the day. In the past, this may have been untenable, but Utilization data means that companies can continuously optimize these environments based on how they are used. Peak utilization metrics tell companies exactly how many seats they need to provide business units, and wayfinding applications ensure that employees can always find their colleagues and view the availability of spaces in real-time.
Today's most advanced workplace software specializes in leveraging utilization data into solutions for planning, managing, navigating, and optimizing flexible spaces.
How Tech Firms Can Use Utilization Data
With this new caliber of data, there are new possibilities for space planning. Here are some ways to use utilization numbers to build a better workplace:
Align Workplaces to Employee Needs
Organizations can use heat maps to determine the optimal combination of spaces based on what activities they support. This way, organizations can find the right balance of meeting rooms, lounges, phone booths, hot desks, and other key space types.
Plan for Peak Utilization
In a traditional office environment, everyone was assigned a seat and once all seats were assigned, that office was at full capacity… but how many people actually show up on any given day? And what about part-time and remote opportunities? Peak utilization tells organizations the maximum number of people that show up on any given day of the year, so they can plan based on how much space they actually use, instead of how much space is assigned.
Enhance Precision of Wayfinding Technology
Utilization data can feed employee apps with real-time insights into where colleagues are located and which rooms are available.
Target Gaps and Inefficiencies
Utilization data makes it easier for professionals to eliminate wasted space by identifying gaps between how space is assigned and how it is used. Just as a building assigned to 300 people may rarely see more than 200 in attendance, the same principle can be applied from the floor level down to the individual desk.
Increase Capacity with Ratio-Seating
With utilization data, organizations can assign seating ratios to different shared neighborhoods that increase capacity beyond one seat per person, and continuously refine that ratio over time. A ratio of 1.5 people per seat, for example, represents a 50% increase in building capacity.
Improve Energy Efficiency
Especially with increasingly flexible schedules, it's easy to run air-conditioning, lights, or other utilities when employees aren't around. With real-time utilization data, it's now possible to use energy more efficiently. By capturing the numbers, planners can set the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system to line up with employees' schedules—saving money and reducing the company's environmental footprint.
Evaluate Move Scenarios
By integrating utilization data with scenario planning software, organizations can test and evaluate how different move scenarios would impact their people and their bottom line.
Make Evidence-Based Business Cases
It's now possible to capture the numbers to justify moves. Using validated utilization data from badge entry swipes, lighting sensors, and other sources provides evidence where there once were just estimates to get buy-in from all key decision makers.
Overall, tech companies finally have the tools and automation to power better space planning. Technology is taking the guesswork out of utilization data, and it's resulting in better outcomes. Want to see how technology can fit into your space planning initiative? Schedule a demo today.
Best Practices For The Modern Workplace


Home > Arts & Culture
Art lecture explores levels of hell
by Mike O'Brien, Oregon Daily Emerald, March 12, 2008
Lecture concerns 10 Chinese which depict scenes from experiences in the afterlife
Portland, OR (USA) -- Have you ever wondered what happens when you die? In seventh century China, everyone went to hell. Ten times. While their loved ones watched.
<< Buddhist scrolls depicting the ten layers of hell often show scenes of torture and suffering. K.E. Brashier, an associate professor of Chinese religion and humanities at Reed College, will lecture Wednesday night about the morality behind the scrolls in the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art. Media Credit: Dave Martinez
"When somebody dies, they would ask for the scrolls to be hung up, usually close to the coffin," said K.E. Brashier, associate professor of religion and humanities at Reed College in a phone interview from Portland. "You'd be able to chart the afterlife process of this deceased person, so through rebirth, they have to go through 10 levels of hell."
Nearly 1,500 years ago, the Jade Emperor was said to have ordered the execution of a river dragon, who asked Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty to try to save him. Though Taizong tried, he failed and the dragon was beheaded.
Furious, the dragon dragged Taizong, who was in a delirious and dream-like state, to the hell courts to pay for his betrayal. Taizong's charges were cleared, but he had seen unspeakable horrors in hell and was told to record them all for posterity.
Taizong's Hell Scrolls were karmic; before being reincarnated, people had to pass through the levels of hell to pay for their lives' sins. Despite the subject matter's severity, the Hell Scrolls are comic book-like in appearance, colorfully depicted with ink on paper. A set from the 19th century is hanging in the University's Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art for "Marketplace Morality - Chinese Hell Scrolls," a lecture to be given tonight by Brashier, who is working on an educational project and database regarding the scrolls.
"It's interesting to be able to view other people's ideas of paradise and hell, and how they relate to the Buddhist religion," said JMSA Director of Communication Erick Hoffman.
Charles Lachman, an associate professor in the department of art history specializing in Chinese Buddhist art, said the Hell Scrolls are interesting because they're so macabre.
"There's some fantastic hell images from the 19th century and they're very beautiful paintings even though they depict horrible things," he said, noting the scrolls' contrast.
Lachman's favorite scroll is the 10th, which represents the final level of hell. Sinners' sentences end as they are granted rebirth, their memories erased of the horrors they have endured. It's his favorite because there are several different versions and not just one definitive design.
"These weren't viewed as individual, unique things, so in that sense, they're different from a lot of other kinds of art," he said.
In the fourth scroll, the Hell of King Wu Guan, those who had exhibited two-faced behavior were pushed off the bridge of no return by spear-wielding demons with ox heads. In the Hell of King Bian Cheng, women of ill repute were banished to the pool of blood and filth; however, good deeds, such as releasing an animal intended for slaughter, were rewarded.
Brashier compares people in previous centuries' fascination with the scrolls to the modern interest in horror movies.
"They're so gross and disgusting but you can't not look at them," he said.
He also finds them interesting as a theologian. He said seeing what offenses were punishable by torture, such as gossiping and cheating weights at the marketplace, can teach someone a lot about ancient Buddhism and its values.
"I would describe (the scrolls) as an educational experience on the afterlife in the sense that you can imagine a mother taking her child in and giving that child sort of a morality play," he said. "It's not just art, it's meant to be education in its own right."
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text:
Private collector
Spink & Son Ltd., London, to 1999
Freer Gallery of Art, purchased from Spink & Son Ltd. in 1999
 According to Curatorial Note 3 in the object record.
- Previous Owner(s)
Spink & Son Ltd.
Popular tales and lively images played a role in transmitting beliefs and values to the Jain community. The Shripalarasa is a narrative that recounts the wondrous adventures of the Jain Prince Shripala, who travels to distant lands in search of trade and wealth. In this unusually large and vivacious painting, the artist represents the Prince's ship as a British vessel. The inscriptions scattered across the painting, which repetively identify parts of the ship, indicate a fascination with seafaring. The depiction of the Union Jack lends immediacy to a story that took place long before the British came to India.
- Published References
- Pratapaditya Pal. The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India. Exh. cat. New York and Los Angeles. cat. 120, pp. 256-257.
- Lincoln Paine. The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World. New York..
- Collection Area(s)
- South Asian and Himalayan Art
- Web Resources
- Google Cultural Institute
- Rights Statement
Copyright with museum


text: SWAN Lyman-alpha whole sky map in ecliptic coordinates. Two areas were not covered for safety reasons, around the Sun and around the anti-solar direction. The color is coding the intensity, in counts per second per pixel (one square degree), which corresponds to 1.3 Rayleigh. A number of UV hot stars can be identified, tracing the galactic plane. The rest of the ubiquitous emission is due to solar UV Lyman alpha photons, backscattered by Hydrogen atoms in the solar system. These H atoms are coming from interstellar space, and are approaching the Sun down to about 2 AU, in the direction of the incoming flow (ecliptic coordinates, longitude 254 deg, latitude 7 deg). A maximum of Lyman-alpha intensity surrounds this upwind direction. In the opposite direction, the emission is weaker by a factor of 3.5, because most atoms have been destroyed by charge-exchange with solar wind protons, creating a cavity void of Hydrogen atoms in the downwind direction. A detailed comparison of such Lyman-alpha maps will allow to determine the solar wind mass flux at all ecliptic latitudes.


text:
Research in urban history: a review of recent theses
Barry M. Doyle a1 a1 School of Law, Arts and Humanities, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA
This year's review is slightly shorter than usual, but does provide a broad overview of the types of current research being undertaken in the field of urban history by doctoral students in Great Britain and North America. As in previous years, the survey employs a wide interpretation of 'urban history' which includes both the history of, and history in, urban areas. Providing brief summaries of a selection of abstracts published in the Aslib Index
Theses [ASLIB] and Dissertations
International [DAI] of theses completed mostly in 1998 and 1999, it attempts to highlight both the novel and traditional in current research.


Members of Nightingale are trained especially in the use of medicinal, alchemical and herbal concoctions. Highly sought after as healers during violent conflicts for their ability to set up and maintain sanitary facilities in the field, Nightingales are driven and focused, though primarily on others.
Potions are not the only tool employed by the association, which also teaches its members advanced forms of blood magic, imminently effective in healing, though in desperate times these practices are whispered to sometimes be employed towards other, more sinister uses than mending the body.


text: Lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices commonly manipulate biological fluids, which contain significant quantities of biomolecules, in particular proteins and DNA. This inevitably leads to the adsorption of these biomolecules to the surfaces of the devices through which the fluid flows. As the dimensions of these devices continue to decrease and approach the sub-micron range, this phenomenon will become more and more important. In this paper, we model the effect of protein adsorption on the flow of fluid through a microchannel, under the assumption that classical hydrodynamics applies. We predict that the adsorption of a thin layer of protein on the walls of a thin microchannel can significantly decrease the effective flow rate and velocity through the channel. Finally, we briefly mention the possibility that the increased wall roughness and modified wall chemistry, attributable to the deposition of the protein, could also lead to the modification of the flow, and in particular, may render the crucial "no-slip" wall condition invalid.


text:
The flow label is a (potentially random) number to help identify flows, ie. series of packets belonging together, not necessarily connection-oriented.
The flow label is placed in the IPv6 header so that networking devices don't have to look into and interpret L4 headers. It is not used for holding a connection together nor can it be used that way.
The IPv6 flow label is specified in RFC 6437:
From the viewpoint of the network layer, a flow is a sequence of
packets sent from a particular source to a particular unicast,
anycast, or multicast destination that a node desires to label as a
flow. From an upper-layer viewpoint, a flow could consist of all
packets in one direction of a specific transport connection or media
stream. However, a flow is not necessarily 1:1 mapped to a transport
Traditionally, flow classifiers have been based on the 5-tuple of
the source address, destination address, source port, destination
port, and the transport protocol type. However, some of these
fields may be unavailable due to either fragmentation or
encryption, or locating them past a chain of IPv6 extension headers
may be inefficient. Additionally, if classifiers depend only on
IP-layer headers, later introduction of alternative transport-layer
protocols will be easier.
The usage of the 3-tuple of the Flow Label, Source Address, and
Destination Address fields enables efficient IPv6 flow
classification, where only IPv6 main header fields in fixed positions


text:
On March 27, 1940, Mrs. Mary Ann Maria Page of Alton, Illinois, died from a botched criminal abortion. She was 20 years old.
The Coroner's jury identified the perpetrator as 69-year-old Dr. C.E. Trovillion, also of Alton, former managing officer of Illinois state hospitals.
Mary Ann's abortion was typical of pre-legalization abortions in that it was performed by a doctor.
During the 1940s, while abortion was still illegal, there was a massive drop in maternal mortality from abortion. The death toll fell from 1,407 in 1940, to 744 in 1945, to 263 in 1950. Most researches attribute this plunge to the development of blood transfusion techniques and the introduction of antibiotics. Learn more here.
For more on pre-legalization abortion, see The Bad Old Days of Abortion
In a bizarre coincidence, another woman named Mary Ann Page died from complications of an abortion in 1977.
"Former Hospital Chief Accused of Abortion", The Oklahoman, April 1, 1940


text:
Selection Object (Visio)
Published: July 16, 2012
Represents a subset of Shape objects for a page or master to which an operation can be applied.
To retrieve a Selection object that corresponds to the set of shapes selected in a window, use the Selection property of a Window object.
The default property of a Selection object is Item.
After you retrieve a Selection object, you can add or remove shapes by using the Select method.
By default, the items reported by a Selection object do not include subselected or superselected Shape objects. Use the IterationMode property to control whether subselected and superselected Shape objects are reported. You can determine whether an individual item is subselected or superselected by using the ItemStatus property.


text:
Wildlife at Moors ValleyBack to planning your visit
Take a walk at Moors Valley during the full throes of autumn and you can admire the fascinating array of fungi on show.
A damp autumn brings on many wonderful mushrooms and toadstools. These are the fruiting bodies of the fungi that are present all year round under the soil or tree bark, made up of metres and metres of tiny filaments.
Fungi play an incredibly important role in breaking down organic material like dead leaves and animals and recycling it. They also form very intimate links with the roots of all plants. The fungi help the plants access nutrients and in return the fungus gets a place to grow.
The mushrooms and toadstools appear above ground to allow the fungi to spread their spores. They can be found all over Moors Valley; amongst the grass and path edges on rotting wood and healthy trees.
Different species of fungi can be incredibly difficult to tell apart. There are however a few species which are quite unmistakeable. One noticeable and well know species is the poisonous fly agaric with its distinctive red cap with white spots.
One that you may smell before you see, is the rather shocking stinkhorn. Follow your nose to seek out this species in the woodlands where it thrives. The rancid smell attracts flies which feed on the sticky black tip and carry off the fungus's spores to a new location.
A rather more attractive species is the edible giant puff ball which can be found, if you are lucky. This species grows to an enormous size, possibly even larger than a standard football and eventually dies to yield its many spores when it is ruptured.
Why not join Rangers from the Forestry Commission on an organised fungi foray and get a more detailed look at some of the other species on show this month.
Other things to look out for:
- Sloes start to stand prominent on the spiky branches of the blackthorn, as its tatty autumn leaves fall away.
- The blackberries are over for another year, but hazel nuts and acorns are now ripening. To get to the nuts you will have to race the squirrels and jays, who hoard them for the winter by burying them in the ground. It is said that many oaks, particularly, are derived from such forgotten stashes. Look out for jays as you drive down the entrance road.
Temporary closures and repair work
Your top 25
What do you love most about Moors Valley?
Call for entries from local artists
Share your old photos of Moors Valley with us
Free activity book download
A lasting memorial for a lost loved one


canceling has also come to
refer to the act of stopping a string prematurely to use an attack that isnt
part of the string. This is called "canceling into". For example, Jin's
5 hit Kazama style combo hits low with the final hit and has no variations.
Players familiar with this attack will either guard low or parry low to stop
the final hit from connecting. To avoid giving your opponent the advantage
by finishing the combo, you instead cancel into a hop kick or some other
medium attack to hit them as they crouch to parry or block the attack.
Granted there is some delay in this, and you are in fact at a disadvantage.
The idea of canceling like this is to regain your advantage by attacking
before your opponent realizes he has the advantage. Lastly, it is often wise
to cancel 10 hit strings prematurely as they have many guard points.
Chain/String: A chain or string is a series of attacks or motions. Many
chains are already programmed as part of a characters move selection, but it
is possible to create custom strings assuming each move or action you take
leaves you with an advantage against your opponent. Chains are not to be
confused with combos. The difference being that the attacks of a combo are
guaranteed to connect while those of a string are not.
Chicken: The term chicken doesnt reference a bird in Tekken but rather a
defensive action. When a standard reversal is used against one of your
attacks you can perform a chicken to negate the reversal and deal a small
amount of damage to your opponent. Note that the window to perform a chicken
is very small. The command input for a chicken is always the same regardless
of character or which standard reversal is used. The command input for a
chicken is determined by whether the attack being reversed is with a left
limb or right limb. If your left punch or kick is being reversed the command
input would be forward+left punch+left kick. If your right punch or kick is
being reversed the command input would be forward+right punch+right kick. If
you use an attack that requires you to press 2 or more buttons simultaneously
you must make a mental note as to which of your characters 4 limbs are
actually forming the attack. It is sometimes easier to find this out by
having these multi-button attacks reversed by the computer during defensive
training. Not to be confused with attacks using 2 buttons simultaneously
are attacks that attack with 2 limbs simultaneously. These attacks, almost
always employing the left and right punches are chickened with a command
input of forward+left punch+right punch.
The reversal animation will be different depending on which limb
is being reversed. seeing the reversal animation is the most definitive
way of determining which command input to use for a successful chicken.
Note that many special reversals look just like standard
Clean Hit: Some attacks in Tekken can hit more directly or cleanly than
others. Clean hits do more damage and often have an added effect such as
knocking your opponent away or down. Clean hits are achieved by connecting
with an attack at very close range even when it would be possible to connect
with the attack from a greater range.
Combo: A combo is a series of attacks or strings that are guaranteed to
connect after the first attack connects. The first hit of most combos
usually incapacitates your opponent. Juggles are the most common example of a
Combo, Natural: Some of the pre-programmed strings that many characters have
are natural combos. This means that if the first hit in the string connects
some or all of the other attacks in the string will connect. Other strings
may function as a natural combo only if the first hit is a counter hit.
Natural combos are quick ways to retaliate dealing a lot of damage, but you
must be sure to confirm your first hit, be aware of the evade points and
whether the string is safe if its blocked to avoid taking unnecessary damage.
Counter Hit: Any attack can be a counter hit. An attack becomes a counter
hit when it connects with an opponent who is in the midst of an action other
than simple movement. Counter hits do more damage and often have an added
effect such as knocking your opponent down or farther up into the air. Most,
if not all, characters have one or more attacks that incapacitate their
opponent on a counter hit providing you with combo options. A super charge
will cause your very next attack to be a counter hit if it connects. The
command input for a super charge is...
left punch+right punch+left kick+right kick.
Crouch: Crouching in Tekken is the act of kneeling. Crouching will avoid
high attacks and allow you to guard yourself against low attacks. It also
puts you in a position to perform "while-rising" attacks.
Crouch Dash: A crouch dash is a combination of both crouching and dashing. A
crouch dash will avoid high attacks, but you will not be able to guard
against low attacks. Note that not all characters have a crouch dash.
Those that do will almost always have several moves they can only use out of
a crouch dash. These crouch dash moves are in addition to the "while-rising"
attacks they can normally perform while crouching. The command input for
most characters crouch dash is forward, down, down+forward.
Crush: Some attacks have the benefit of avoiding a particular hit type during
their animation. These attacks are called crushing attacks. A hop kick for
example is a low crushing attack as it will completely avoid low attacks
during its animation. Similarly, characters with a high crushing attack can
easily crush opponents who try to lock them down with unpredictable jab
Dash: All characters can dash. A dash is a quick movement towards your
opponent. Most if not all characters have several special attacks or
motions that can be used during a dash. The command input for dashing is
forward, forward.
Dash, Backwards: All characters can dash backwards. A back dash is a quick
movement away from your opponent. There are no attacks or moves that are
used out of a standard back dash that I'm aware of. There are however some
attacks that move a character back while attacking. The command input for a
back dash is back, back. Despite the backward movement of your character,
you are vulnerable while back dashing. To mitigate your vulnerability while
back dashing you have 2 options. First you can hold back the second time
you press it. This will result in a shorter back dash, but you will be able
to guard sooner. Your second option is a back dash cancel which is done by
tapping back and down just after you input your second back. Your character
will crouch for a split second in the middle of the dash. Only during the
very tiny window of the crouch are you vulnerable making this perhaps the
best way of back dashing.
Dash, Special: Not all characters have special dashes. Most special dashes
are back dashes. Special dashes will usually cover more ground than standard
dashes. Some characters have attacks or motions that can use out of their
special dashes. The command input for most special dashes is up, up+back.
Another less common command input for special dashes is down, down+back,
Defensive: Like aggressive, this usually references a play style. A
defensive play style revolves around guarding your opponents attacks waiting
for mistakes to take advantage of. Any offensive maneuvers used by a
defensive player will usually be "safe hits". The drawback to this play
style is that you will be voluntarily giving your opponent the advantage for
the majority of the match. This puts a lot of pressure on one's defensive
skills, but if they are good enough, defensive players can be extremely
difficult to defeat. Note that if guard damage is turned on a defensive
play style is not as viable.
Delay: Some moves in Tekken can be delayed. Delaying a move is a type of
feint or deception. If used properly in conjunction with other attacks it
often gives your opponent the impression that they now have the advantage.
Naturally you attack when you have the advantage. Therein lies the deception
of a delayed attack. In actuality you still possess the advantage. Almost
all delayed attacks that connect are counter hits.
Disadvantage: Being at a disadvantage means you are not in a position to act
before your opponent. Having the disadvantage isnt as bad as it sounds at
first. Advantage and disadvantage shifts rapidly during a fight. It is also
important to note that you are still able to attack and even connect while
you are at a disadvantage. However, successful attacks while at a
disadvantage usually involve evading your opponents attack. In fact many
characters have attacks that seem to have been specifically designed to be
used while at a disadvantage such as Jin's Low Spinning Back Kick
(back+down+left kick). This attack hits high while evading high attacks. As
you might have guessed the majority of counter hits during a game occur when
you or your opponent attack while at a disadvantage.
Escape: Escapes are performed in response to throws.


Throat and Overtone Singing
A few years ago I found myself curious about death and near death experiences. I wondered what people experienced as they transitioned. While reading Beyond the Light (P.M.H Atwater, 2009) the author recounted an experience when she was confirmed dead. While physically dead, she heard sounds described as so beautiful, she could only begin to comparing them to Hoomi singing done by the Mongolians. Being a student of sound I was struck with her powerful experience.
A year or so later I looked up Hoomi singing on youtube and saw a video of a Mongolian man doing a simple song that employed overtone throatsinging, and had been filmed by a small group of Americans. Here it is below.
After hearing it, I felt a longing to learn how.
Still, I was not expecting to actually be able to learn how to sing harmonics. My thought was that such a thing must take years of practice and direct guidance and was this even something white people could do? Despite all this, my curiousity and desire eventually became so much that I began looking up videos on techniques and watching or listening to as many recordings of overtone singing and throatsinging that I could find. The information on the subject was all over the place and I found there were many variant styles - and many overlaps. Practicing and trying these techniques myself - while also just attempting to imitate the things I heard - I began to hear overtones in my own voice.
I started using overtones in performances, with friends, combined with other instruments. It was a discovery that led to numerous inspired moments when people could identify the audible overtone melody in my voice and also curious to hear their own melodies.
Overtone teaching came naturally and I enjoy helping others learn how to do overtone and throatsinging. After so much trial and error both in learning myself, and in teaching others, I became very good at guiding people into a powerful overtone or throatsinging practice in a fraction of the time it took me to get to where I am.
"Emile helped me improve my overtone singing in just one lesson. I am still working through his insight about it being more than just technique, that there is something you can contact."
 -David Robertson
Throatsinging for The Sound Mandala with Loriel Starr
Church of Eight Wheels, San Francisco
Curious about throatsinging? Want to learn more? Find harmonics in your voice and sing with overtones.
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© 2023 by Emile Janse.


text:
INTRODUCTION: Borderline personality traits (BPT), which have a negative effect on the prognosis in substance use disorder (SUD), may increase the frequency of self-harming behavior (SHB) and suicidal behavior (SB). A determination of BPT may be a protective measure against SHB and SB. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive role of BPT on SHB and SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. The participants' sociodemographic data were also analyzed for contribution to the context.
METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted with inpatients at a single, private hospital psychiatric ward who had been diagnosed with SUD (n=122). The data were collected using the Borderline Personality Inventory, the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated a predictive role of BPT and gender on SHB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. BPT, socioeconomic status, and education were found to be predictors of SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the research demonstrated that the risk evaluation of SHB and SB in SUD is highly significant. BPT must be handled independently from substance abuse with the appropriate psychological interventions. The findings also indicated that the education and socioeconomic level of the patient were significant factors and that psychosocial support is essential for this high-risk group. Additional research could provide valuable information that would enable more efficient, targeted treatment strategies.


text:
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 (Milestones in Modern World History)
by Susan Muaddi Darraj
Publisher: Chelsea House Pub | ISBN: _PHONE_ | 2011 | PDF | 120 pages | 4.9 MB
For centuries, India was the crown jewel of the British Empire, full of natural resources, exotic spices and foods, and well-situated for access to the Asian ports. Great Britain maintained its hold on the subcontinent until 1947, when India was granted its independence. The battle for an independent India took place on many levels and in numerous ways, both peaceful and violent.


Students - Room 11 Year 4
Welcome to Room 11! My name is Marnie Smith and I have been given the privilege of teaching Year 4 in 2020! I absolutely love teaching and have been teaching since 2012. This will be my fifth year at Hannans Primary School. I have previously taught Years 3, 4 and 5.
I believe in creating a safe, supportive and fair classroom environment where everyone feels like they belong. I understand that progress may happen at different times and in different ways for each individual student. I want to ensure each student strives to achieve their personal best and therefore have high expectations for all students regarding behaviour, work and participation.
I am very excited to be part of 1:1 iPads in 2020. Students today need the knowledge, skills and confidence to make ICT work for them in school and beyond. I am looking forward to assisting them in doing this.
Room 11's library day is on FRIDAY.
The current timetable for Room 11's specialist classes is as follows:
I'm using Class Dojo to keep parents in the loop this year! I'll share photos from class, important updates and wonderful moments. If you have not already signed up, I encourage you to do so.
I have an 'open door' policy. So, if you have any worries, concerns or you just want to talk about how your child is progressing, please pop in and see me so we can discuss or arrange a more suitable time.
Mrs Marnie Smith


text:
Monkey Tree English Learning Center is the largest learning center in Hong Kong and is currently expanding its roots into China and Macau. Founded in 2009, Monkey Tree focuses on using a communicative approach to create a fun and stimulating learning program that instills a sense of confidence and creativity in our students. Students aged 2 - 14 are offered a range of classes that are expertly and collaboratively created by our dedicated team of professionals. Our small class sizes, internally developed curriculum and access to extensive materials ensure that both our students and teachers have everything they require to build the ideal educational environment.
Monkey Tree English Learning Center Macau is currently recruiting passionate and dynamic individuals to join our diverse community of teachers. At Monkey Tree, we believe that our Human Capital is fundamental to our productivity and thus focus attention on developing our employees' job satisfaction, stability and career growth. Successful applicants will be granted the opportunity to develop and enhance both young minds and their own in this new branch of an already established Company.