text: A review and a brief analysis of four well-known constant-life diagram models of layered composites, most often encountered in scientific publications, are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of models are noted. A special modification of the Harris diagram was proposed as an alternative to the given diagrams for engineering predictions of fatigue characteristics of layered composites at different asymmetry coefficients R of cyclic loading. Using the example of constructing the proposed diagram for CFRP AS4-PW open-hole specimens, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental data is shown, which makes it possible to hope for acceptable accuracy of the calculated estimates of fatigue strength characteristics of layered composites using this diagram. An example of using the diagram for estimation of fatigue life of CFRP Т300/5208 [45/0/-45/90]2s open-hole specimens under quasi-random program loading is presented.


text:
Brazilian name: arapaçu-de-bico-torto
|São Paulo state, Brazil
The Black-billed Scythebill is distributed in south-east Brazil and into adjacent areas of Paraguay and Argentina. It is found in Atlantic Rain Forest and secondary woodland, often associated with stands of bamboo.
It has a very long, decurved black bill the colour of which distinguishes it from the other two scythebills found in Brazil; Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris and Curve-billed Scythebill C. procurvoides. Otherwise it is olive-brown above with a black head and nape with white streaks. The wings and tail are chestnut-rufous and the throat is whitish.
|It forages on trunks, as seen in these photos, and on
bamboo and bromeliads where its bill must help it catch its insect
There are recordings and a distribution map on xeno-canto.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Textile Width 750mm, China
Discharge dyeing works with the removal of the dye originally applied to the fabric. In this case, it was originally a red piece of fabric using a dye remover was applied through a stencil resulting in a pattern of the red colour. This technique was introduced into China in the 50s which became very popular in the rural area. Traditional fabric dyeing technique in China are based on vegetable dye where the intensity of the colour will run through time and wash. Discharge dyeing was most welcomed as the colour stays and the patterns are fine. This fabric has a butterfly and flower print.


Scientists nose out clue to preserving books: their smell
The complex perfume of ageing books has been broken down into its component chemicals by research that could assist conservators
Dusty books
A little heavy on the vanilla, maybe?... Dusty books on a shell. Photograph: Getty
The dusty smell of old books is one of the joys of visiting secondhand bookshops, and now scientists, who have identified it as combining "grassy notes with a tang of acids and a hint of vanilla over an underlying mustiness", hope it can be used to help preserve valuable ageing titles.
Researcher Matija Strlic, from University College London's Centre for Sustainable Heritage, decided to investigate the smell of old books after spotting a book expert sniffing a title to assess its age. "I noticed a conservator once who was smelling paper to assess its quality – and having seen that and knowing that the analysis of food aroma is a routine analytical problem, I decided to look for correlations between paper composition and its smell. And it worked," he said.
His team investigated 72 books from the 19th and 20th centuries, pinning the smell down to the several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) "off-gassing" from the paper as it ages. "The aroma of an old book is familiar to every user of a traditional library," they wrote. "A combination of grassy notes with a tang of acids and a hint of vanilla over an underlying mustiness, this unmistakable smell is as much part of the book as its contents."
Working in collaboration with curators from the National Archive in the Netherlands, they then identified the 15 most abundant VOCs, and used these to identify degradation markers which can be used to monitor the condition of ageing books by analysing the gasses they produce, without damaging the books themselves.
They hope the research will be used to help libraries and museums preserve their libraries. "There is more work needed to develop an application which would work outside the laboratory. However, we are optimistic," said Strlic.
The research, a joint project with partners from the UK, the Netherlands and Slovenia, was announced in the journal Analytical Chemistry.
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Emergency Custody MD Lawyer How To File Rockville
A parent or a related part can file for an emergency petition for child custody in Maryland if the child's well being and security is in jeopardy. Unlike the procedure of normal custody, emergency custody hearings can happen faster, between a time span of days to just hours. This is due to the minor's life being in danger and courts of the state of Maryland always rule in the best interest of the minor.
An emergency guardianship order is supposed to remove the minor from the harmful and damaging environment and place him or her in a safer one to prevent further child abuse or neglect. The emergency minor guardianship order is temporary, to provide a secure environment until a minor guardianship petition is filed and a permanent minor guardianship order is obtained.
There are several steps that a person must go through when filing for a petition for urgent custody in the state of Maryland.
Some of those steps are mentioned below:
 1. Obtain a form for emergency guardianship from the clerk of the court in Maryland and fill the form with the information that is required.
 2. Specify the danger and harmful conditions that the minor is currently in, for instance, if the minor is being sexually or physically abused by his or her custodial parent, or if the minor is residing with a custodial parent whom is involved in illegal business and thus endangering the minor.
 3. Provide the court with any witnesses that verify your allegation, so that a court order for emergency guardianship is obtained.
 4. State in the form that "unless an emergency guardianship order is issued, the child's life will be at risk"
 5. Sign the petition form of the emergency guardianship with the presence of a lawyer. The hired lawyer is required to take an oath that confirms the claims that were specified in the form by the party applying for emergency guardianship are correct to his or her knowledge and awareness.
 6. File the form filed with the court of the state of Maryland and send a copy of the form to the custodial parent and non-custodial parent. The aim of the sent copy of the form is for the parents of the child to be aware of what is going on with the child's life.
 7. Find out who the judge that is handling your petition the day that you arrive in the courthouse.
 8. Go to the judge that is responsible of your motion and present to him or her, your copy of the motion.
 9. Display your emergency guardianship case to the judge. If the judge believes that the child is indeed in a danger circumstance, an issue will be ordered and will grant you temporary emergency custody of the child, and instruct law enforcement to retrieve your child from the harmful environment. The judge will also schedule a custody hearing on the issue within a couple of days during the meeting.
If you need a Maryland minor guardianship lawyer to help you with your child custody case in Maryland, call us at _PHONE_. Our Maryland child custody attorneys can help you. C


text:
What's going on inside our skulls? Thanks to brain scanners and other hi-tech methods, we now have the technology to peer inside the brain.
History of the Future
Fascinating objects, unexpected histories
This is part of a series for BBC Radio 4 called History of the Future, which uses the fascinating objects in the Science Museum in London to chart how our understanding of ourselves and our technology has changed over time. Listen to the broadcast (19:00).
However, that wasn't always the case. Human beings have tried to understand the workings of our mysterious grey matter in various other ways over the past few centuries.
To find out how, I spoke with experts at the Science Museum in London, to look at the objects and technologies that previous generations employed to try to understand the brain. In the videos below, museum curator Katie Dabin showcases these intriguing objects – from strange figurines to enormous machines.
I also spoke with scientists who specialise in brain-scanning for insights about where the technology might go next.
The story starts with a collection of dozens of tiny ceramic heads – all different shapes and sizes – kept at the Science Museum.
It was believed that the shape of a person's skull gave insights into their personality
Dabin explains they were created by practitioners of the strange pseudoscience called phrenology, once called the "science of the mind". In the late 18th Century, it was believed that the shape of a person's skull gave good insights into their personality and mental state.
The idea was that by measuring the various lumps and bumps of the skull, phrenologists could get an insight into the inner workings of their patients' minds.
"People would be able to feel and measure the outward contours of your skull and see what kind of person or what kind of mental conditions you have," explains Dabin.
In the video clip below, Dabin talks through a set of these weird ceramic heads, each with a distinct case history:
These heads did not come to their collector, William Bally, easily. Some were picked up from individuals who wanted to know their "phrenological outlines" while others were actually obtained from plaster casts of corpses. He had access to a whole range of individuals. Bally apparently boasted that he had taken the shapes of the heads of 600 criminals, including thieves and murderers.
Phrenology was eventually discredited as a science
By the 1840s, 50 years after its introduction, phrenology was discredited as a science. "Bumpology", as it was sometimes called, went out of fashion, says Dabin.
Instead, scientists focused on real-life case studies of patients with impaired abilities. The idea that different parts of the brain were important for different things became apparent for early brain scientists like Paul Broca. He realised a particular part of two of his patient's brain was causing their inability to speak.
So although phrenology had been discredited, the idea that specific brain regions could cause certain behaviours, continued.
But that wasn't getting us any closer to looking at the brain in action. It was only in the 1920s that scientists began to read the brain's electrical signals. This gave them the first insights into the electrical activity occurring inside an actual living brain, a technique called electroencephalography (EEG).
Initially, it had some strange uses, such as assessing whether couples were compatible for marriage or looking at the brains of criminals.
But more commonly it was used to understand the activity of the brain for patients with conditions like epilepsy, to track what was happening during a seizure.
When it began, it was quite an invasive technique. Behind the scenes at the Science Museum, in their enormous storage warehouse, Dabin showed me an early EEG machine:
EEG machines were used for both reading the brain's signals but also to stimulate the brain with electricity.
But brain signals alone do not allow us to picture the brain. We needed something new.
In an indirect way, the millions made by The Beatles helped to fund the technology
In the 1970s Godfrey Hounsfield, an engineer with the firm EMI – better known as the home of The Beatles' record label – found a way to see inside the brain with X-rays, better known as a CT scanner. So, in an indirect way, the millions made by The Beatles helped to fund the technology (although some have since argued that the British taxpayer contributed much more).
The Science Museum had one of the world's first CT scanners. It is enormous, as you can see below:
Today, the latest technology to scan the brain is called functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI. I met neuroscientist Joe Devlin from University College London, where he scanned my brain to show me how it was done.
What neuroscientists like Devlin can actually see is my brain's oxygen change in action. If a certain part of my brain is involved in a certain task, say a language or word task, that area will have an increase in blood flow as it uses energy. The fMRI scanner monitors this blood flow.
"We can see the parts of the brain that lights up as you're doing that task," says Devlin.
For example, when I have to actively think about what to say, versus simply counting – a monotonous task that requires little thought – different areas of my brain are active.
While this gives insights into the areas of my brain that are involved in the task of interest, that is not to say fMRI is even close to reading my mind.
fMRI scans have revolutionised our understanding of the brain
That said, scans like this have revolutionised our understanding of the brain. "Traditionally all we had were patients who had brain damage, we could see where they had brain damage and what was wrong with these patient," says Devlin.
But brain scans allow researchers to peer inside the healthy brain to note how different parts are used and how they relate to each other.
So what does the future look like for understanding the brain?
Intriguingly, EEG and CT scans are still used today, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future. Doctors still use CT scans in many hospitals. EEG machines, in turn, are still used in research experiments. For example, scientists are exploring how non-invasive electrical brain stimulation kits could alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease or depression.
So, will future generations view our efforts to peer into the mind as primitive as we view phrenology? Perhaps. But what's clear is we'll never stop trying to unlock the secrets of the grey matter inside our skulls.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Electronic funds transfer instruction (EFTI)
An instruction for the transfer of money controlled by a customer to another person, where:
 - the transfer instruction is carried out or passed on electronically
 - the transfer is within the same financial institution or between financial institutions.
AML/CTF Act 2006 sections 5, 8 and 9


text:
ONEKAMA, Mich. (AP) — For more than a century, easy access to Lake Michigan has made Onekama a popular place for summer visitors and a refuge for boaters fleeing dangerous storms. Now the community itself needs a rescue, from slumping lake levels that threaten its precious link to open water.
The Great Lakes, the world's biggest freshwater system, are shrinking because of drought and rising temperatures, a trend that accelerated with this year's almost snowless winter and scorching summer. Water levels have fallen to near-record lows on Lakes Michigan and Huron, while Erie, Ontario and Superior are below their historical averages. The decline is causing heavy economic losses, with cargo freighters forced to lighten their loads, marinas too shallow for pleasure boats and weeds sprouting on exposed bottomlands, chasing away swimmers and sunbathers.
Some of the greatest suffering is in small tourist towns that lack the economic diversity of bigger port cities. Yet they are last in line for federal money to deepen channels and repair infrastructure to support the boating traffic that keeps them afloat.
"How do you like our mud bog?" Township Supervisor Dave Meister asked on a recent afternoon, gesturing toward the shoreline of Portage Lake, part of a 2,500-acre inland waterway that connects Onekama to Lake Michigan. A wide expanse that normally would be submerged is now an ugly patchwork of puddles, muck and thick stands of head-high cattails. A grounded pontoon boat rested forlornly alongside a deserted dock.
The Army Corps of Engineers has estimated that about 30 small Great Lakes harbors will need attention in the next couple of years.
In bygone days, friendly members of Congress would slip money into the federal budget to dredge a harbor. But so-called earmarks have fallen out of favor, leaving business and civic leaders wondering where to turn. A desperate few are raising money locally for dredging but insist they can't afford it on a regular basis.
Tourism has sustained Onekama since the early 1900s, when northwestern Michigan coastal towns became popular with wealthy visitors from Chicago, Milwaukee and Detroit. On a typical summer day, the community's marinas are crowded with yachts, speedboats and fishing charters.
But the falling water levels are taking a toll, illustrating how extensively the health of the Great Lakes affects the economy of a region that is home to more than 30 million people extending from Minnesota to New York.
Lake Michigan's level at the end of October was more than 2 feet below its long-term average. The Corps of Engineers says without heavy snowfall this winter, the lake may decline to its lowest point since record-keeping began in 1918.
The channel that connects Portage Lake and Lake Michigan is now about 7 feet deep at best. When the water is choppy, some vessels can hit bottom. If things get much worse, Onekama may be effectively cut off from the big lake. Continued...
"Businesses would close. People would be laid off. It would be devastating," said Jim Mrozinski, owner of Onekama Marine Inc., which services and stores pleasure craft and draws customers from across the Upper Midwest. He owns three marinas, one now unusable because of shallow water. If he's lucky, the others will have enough depth to rent perhaps 10 of the 55 slips next spring.
Onekama's year-round population is less than 2,000. Much of its tax base comes from expensive waterfront homes owned by summer residents who come for the boating and fishing. Without the link to Lake Michigan, property values would plummet, hammering local government budgets, Meister said.
"You're talking about schools, 911 emergency, library, fire protection — everything," he said.
Many places around the Great Lakes are having similar problems. At least a dozen boats have run aground this year in Lake Ontario around the harbor in Orleans County, N.Y. The state of Wisconsin warned boaters to watch for stumps, boulders and other hazards lurking just beneath the water. Boat-towing services have done brisk business rescuing stranded craft in newly shallow stretches of Lake Erie.
What makes the situation particularly frustrating for small Great Lakes communities is that a fund for dredging and other harbor maintenance already exists. It's generated by a tax on freight shipped at U.S. ports and raises about $1.5 billion a year. But about half of the money is diverted to the treasury for other uses. Members of Congress from coastal states are pushing to change that policy.
Even if the effort succeeds, there's no guarantee that communities like Onekama will get a share of the cash. The Corps of Engineers gives top priority to large ports such as Duluth, Minn., Detroit and Cleveland. Whatever is left goes to medium-sized harbors that also accommodate cargo ships. The region's 112 small harbors, including 71 with only recreational traffic, have relied on budget earmarks since the 1990s.
"Many of these towns wouldn't exist if it wasn't for their ports," said Mike O'Bryan, chief of engineering and technical services for the Detroit district office.
The Great Lakes Small Harbors Coalition, led by Onekama retiree Chuck May, says $20 million a year would cover all those areas' dredging and maintenance costs, and rescue tourist communities that pump billions into the economy.
Farther up the coast near Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, the village of Leland scraped together more than $100,000 from a local Indian tribe, businesses and government agencies this year to dredge a 13-foot-deep channel enabling charter fishing boats and pleasure craft to reach Lake Michigan. Harbormaster Russell Dzuba is already fundraising to dredge in 2013 but says that's no long-term solution.
"We have a moral obligation to keep this place open," he said. "We're the only safe harbor for a 75-mile stretch and Lake Michigan is a tempestuous beast. But the feds have cut us adrift." Continued...
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Informs on and discusses current matters of legal interest to readers of The Oakland Press and to consumers of legal services in the community.
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Join Jonathan Schechter as he shares thoughts on our natural world in Oakland County and beyond.


text:
A stain that facilitates the differentiation of the elements of a cell or specimen
Sex PistolsRead more in this article about some frequently asked questions and fun facts related to our definitions.
We've Added Over 300 New Words To Dictionary.com!Consider this overview an elevator pitch (a brief talk or pitch intended to sell or win approval for something) for how our updates are … defining the times.
- differential geometry,
- differential operator,
- differential psychology,
- differential quotient,
- differential rate,
- differential topology,
- differential ureteralcatheterization test,
- differential weathering,
- differential windlass,
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.


text:
Enforcement of state stormwater regulations is likely to some Vermont towns and cities significant money as they take steps to halt the pollution of the state's waterways.
It has been a long time in coming, but at this point more aggressive control of stormwater pollution is inevitable. One visible reason is the continuing pollution afflicting Lake Champlain into which most of the waters on the western side of the state flow. Algae blooms, fed by the influx of phosphorous, have continued to choke the lake, damaging its value as a natural resource and a tourist attraction.
Gov. James Douglas took steps to clean up Lake Champlain, devoting millions of dollars mainly to help farmers implement measures to avert runoff from their fields. Nonpoint pollution, as it is called, occurs when fertilizer or manure is washed into streams from the fields. Farmers who plant buffers along stream banks and take other steps to avoid damaging runoff are an important component of any program to avert pollution in the Champlain watershed and elsewhere.
But Douglas demurred from strong action against other sources of stormwater pollution, such as municipal sewage treatment plants that are inadequate to the task. These would be costly to cities and towns, and Douglas wanted to address farm runoff first.
Now the Shumlin administration has issued a stormwater permit requiring 13 entities to upgrade their programs for handling stormwater. These include Rutland City and Town, St. Albans City and Town, Burlington, South Burlington Colchester, Winooski, Williston, Essex, Milton, Shelburne, the University of Vermont, Burlington International Airport and the state Agency of Transportation.
Stormwater is the water that runs off roofs, parking lots, roads and other surfaces into the state's waterways. Municipal sewage treatment plants may handle some of it, but much of it flows directly into streams and lakes. On its way, it sweeps a toxic brew of gasoline, oil and other pollutants into our waters.
The measures required by the Department of Environmental Conservation could cost as much as $100 million. Some of the measures used to contain and handle stormwater include ponds for impoundment of water as well as upgrades to treatment plants. A public works official in St. Albans Town said improvements there would cost millions. Evan Pilachowski, public works commissioner in Rutland City, said upgrades in Rutland would be a "challenge."
It is a challenge worth taking on. The state has accepted a level of environmental responsibility that it cannot shirk. We profess to value the environment, but if that is true, we cannot throw up our hands helplessly when confronted with the reality of the pollution we are creating.
The first wave of environmental cleanup in the country attacked the obvious sources of pollution: the factories and sewers that were spewing filth into our rivers and lakes. These measures were costly, but few would dispute that they were worth the cost.
Still, our industrialized society had other sources of polluting chemicals and waste that were less easily identifiable. These included our roadways and farm fields, our parking lots and rooftops. The pollution coming from these sources is real even if less concentrated. By the time it collects in Lake Champlain, it is concentrated enough that it is despoiling one of our great natural resources.
The Legislature will be debating ways to help fund the cleanup. It has spent millions on Douglas's initial efforts to clean up the lake. Providing loans or other sources of money will not be throwing good money after bad; it will be throwing good money after good. The job is not done. The state is not New Jersey, which means that steps to contain pollution will not prove to be as onerous as they would be if the problem is ignored and the state becomes more like New Jersey.
Nothing against New Jersey — but Vermont has a different identity. It is not part of the nation's industrial heartland. It is a rural state with urban centers that must remain vital without doing serious harm to the state's cherished natural resources.


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Will an institution participating in a Child Nutrition Program (such as a school) that shares their income eligibility information with a CACFP institution (such as a center) later determine a different eligibility for that child?
No, households are no longer required to report changes in circumstances, such as an increase in income, a decrease in household size or when the household is no longer certified eligible for Food Assistance or FIP. Once properly approved for free or reduced price benefits a household will remain eligible for those benefits until the application expires (usually September 30). To ensure a child is properly approved for benefits, the center may wish to request a copy of the income application and not simply rely on a list from the school that includes the date, child's name, and eligibility. If the center discovers an application they receive from a school is not correctly approved, the center is responsible to make the correction and claim the child at the correct benefit level.
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Printed from the Iowa Department of Education website on November 28, 2015 at 4:52pm.


- Task force battles growing online dangers to youth
 Grella says kids exposed to technology at younger ages
 - PORTSMOUTH — The explosion of social media has resulted in younger and younger kids using laptops, tablets and cell phones. But as the number of kids using the Internet grows, so does the opportunity for their exploitation by online predators, according to Portsmouth Police Sgt. Thomas A. Grella.
 - email print
 That's where the state Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force comes in, according to Grella, who is commander of the task force that aims to protect kids when they go online.
 "Children are getting younger and younger and at an earlier age being exposed to this technology," he said. "Those that prey on those kids know that."
 Grella cautioned anyone who uses social media to put as little personal information as possible online, because once someone posts something online, it's usually available for the world to see and it rarely can be taken back. "It has to get down to the common sense approach. It's social media. It's a social environment, but it's not an isolated environment," he said. "It's not just between two people."
 ICAC investigates child pornography cases where a stranger tries to prey on innocent victims, but it is also involved in a growing number of cases where a middle school or high school student decides to send an explicit photo of herself to a boyfriend and then he shares it with someone else. New Hampshire law defines someone as being a child if they're younger than 18. So if an 18-year-old boy takes explicit photos of his girlfriend who is 17 or younger, and then sends them to someone else, that's child pornography, Grella said.
 "We've had reports from people that are currently adults that were notified of pictures of themselves online that we're taken when they were children," he said. "They thought it was innocent enough to share it with one friend, and then that one friend shared it with someone else, and it just kept going."
 An essential part of ICAC is the training it provides to police throughout the state and the expertise it offers to police departments, county attorneys offices and other prosecutors, Grella said.
 The task force is funded through a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice.
 Grella is the commander of ICAC and has an investigator reporting to him who also works out of the Portsmouth police station. ICAC also has 13 other lead investigators in departments across the state that it has trained to become computer examiners.
 Training typically takes three to four years, but the examiners not only investigate cases being handled by their own departments, they help out with federal investigations or local cases from "any town in the state," Grella said.
 ICAC has a partnership with Homeland Security Investigations, which has a lab at the federal building in Manchester, Grella said.
 For example, when Newmarket police arrested a Dover man two weeks ago on five counts of felonious sexual assault, members of the task force from Nashua and Hinsdale helped with the investigation, Grella said. When police arrested David E. Schneider, 52, of 39 Basils Place, Dover, for allegedly having sex with a 15-year-old girl, a computer examiner from the task force downloaded a cell phone used by the victim and found "a large amount of text messages and photographs that were sexual in nature," according to an affidavit in the case.
 The training is especially crucial as there are more and more devices being used to access the Internet, and they are becoming increasingly complex, Grella said. "That's caused our investigators to start spending more time on one particular case," he said. "So the number of cases has increased, as well as the number of hours to investigation them."
 Plus, new devices mean more and better technology.
 "It's still a constant battle to catch up with it," Grella said. "Technology changes so quickly that with every new device for the public to use, we need new tools to investigate that."
 Examiners use specific tools for the specific devices they're trying to retrieve information from.
 "I'm not going to say we'll always be able to find what we're looking for," Grella said of task force members. "But we're going to do our best and we're going to throw any tool that we have at our disposal to find everything to convict the person."
 When they have a suspect in sight, investigators strike quickly.
 "We've had some studies tell us as many as 85 percent of these suspects... will act out or have acted out on their fantasies," Grella said. "So we move forward knowing that."
 ICAC has been dealing with "an awful lot of reactive cases," where they respond to reports from parents or school resource officers, Grella said. It also still does proactive cases where it searches for predators who might be trolling Web sites or chat rooms looking for child victims, Grella said.
 He noted many teens do not seem to understand that a "split-second decision" to send an explicit photo to a friend could change their lives. "Once it's out there, it's out there," Grella said. "It would be like posting pictures of themselves on the front door of the North Church."
 Assistant Rockingham County Attorney Kirsten B. Wilson, who also prosecuted murders for five years with the state attorney general's office, said ICAC has been "enormously important" in terms of investigating cases.
 "I can't even begin to explain over the last 15 years that I've been prosecuting cases how many cases we see that have cell phones, computers and laptop that are used as evidence," Wilson said.
 Because ICAC members are up to date on all the cutting-edge technologies, they have the expertise to both investigate cases and help prosecutors when preparing cases for trial, Wilson said. For example, a prosecutor may try to introduce child pornography images that he or she feels are the most egregious or damaging to the suspect. ICAC examiners work with prosecutors so they use photos that have the most evidentiary weight, Wilson said.
 "Photos that weren't downloaded but were just viewed aren't as sound from an evidentiary standpoint as the ones that were downloaded," Wilson said. "Understanding all that as I'm preparing a case is a huge help."
 The veteran prosecutor said she continues to see an increase in the types of cases ICAC investigates and points to what she calls an "alarming" increase in "revenge porn." That's when a girlfriend sends her then-boyfriend explicit photos, they breakup, and he sends them to his friends or posts them on the Internet.
 Wilson is handling a case now where a breakup led to a criminal investigation. "I have a case on my desk where an 18-year-old boy took pictures of his girlfriend, they broke up and now he's publishing them," she said.
 Wilson, like Grella, believes children often don't understand the implications of what they're doing online. "It's really terrifying, it's hard to explain it to them," Wilson said.
 So when a child is online chatting to a friend, they're essentially exposing themselves to the world. "It creates a portal into people's home and gives people direct access to their children," Wilson said.
 In addition, there's apps like Snapchat that are designed specifically so kids can keep things from their parents, Wilson said.
 Snapchat allows kids to send text with a photo and then the photo disappears after a short time.
 "Facebook and Twitter are passe," Wilson said. "Kids are using Snapchat and there is no valid use for it other than kids doing things they shouldn't and there's a market for it."
 Grella believes the best way for parents to keep their children safe online is to know what they're doing. "There can never be enough supervision and not enough awareness," he said. "Parents have to be aware about what's out there. And they have to have an open line of communication with their children."
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text:
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
1. Name of the Prophet
2. The Prophet's Times
1. Name of the Prophet:
The last book of the Old Testament. Nothing is known of the person of Malachi. Because his name does not occur elsewhere, some scholars indeed doubt whether "Malachi" is intended to be the personal name of the prophet. But none of the other prophetic books of the Old Testament is anonymous. The form mal'akhi, signifies "my messenger"; it occurs again in 3:1; compare 2:7. But this form of itself would hardly be appropriate as a proper name without some additional syllable such as Yah, whence mal'akhiah, i.e. "messenger of Yahweh." Haggai, in fact, is expressly designated "messenger of Yahweh" (Haggai 1:13). Besides, the superscriptions prefixed to the book, in both the Septuagint and the Vulgate, warrant the supposition that Malachi's full name ended with the syllable -yah. At the same time the Septuagint translates the last clause of Malachi 1:1, "by the hand of his messenger," and the Targum reads, "by the hand of my angel, whose name is called Ezra the scribe." Jerome likewise testifies that the Jews of his day ascribed this last book of prophecy to Ezra (V. Praef. in duodecim Prophetas). But if Ezra's name was originally associated with the book, it would hardly have been dropped by the collectors of the prophetic Canon who, lived only a century or two subsequent to Ezra's time. Certain traditions ascribe the book to Zerubbabel and Nehemiah; others, still, to Malachi, whom they designate as a Levite and a member of the "Great Synagogue." Certain modern scholars, however, on the basis of the similarity of the title (1:1) to Zechariah 9:1; Zechariah 12:1, declare it to be anonymous; but this is a rash conclusion without any substantial proof other than supposition. The best explanation is that of Professor G.G. Cameron, who suggests that the termination of the word "Malachi" is adjectival, and equivalent to the Latin angelicus, signifying "one charged with a message or mission" (a missionary). The term would thus be an official title; and the thought would not be unsuitable to one whose message closed the prophetical Canon of the Old Testament, and whose mission in behalf of the church was so sacred in character (1-vol HDB).
2. The Prophet's Times:
Opinions vary as to the prophet's exact date, but nearly all scholars are agreed that Malachi prophesied during the Persian period, and after the reconstruction and dedication of the second temple in 516 B.C. (compare Malachi 1:10; Malachi 3:1, 10). The prophet speaks of the people's governor" (Hebrew pechah, Malachi 1:8), as do Haggai and Nehemiah (Haggai 1:1 Nehemiah 5:14; Nehemiah 12:26). The social conditions portrayed are unquestionably those also of the period of the Restoration. More specifically, Malachi probably lived and labored during the times of Ezra and Nehemiah. Serious abuses had crept into Jewish life; the priests had become lax and degenerate, defective and inferior sacrifices were allowed to be offered upon the temple altar, the people were neglecting their tithes, divorce was common and God's covenant was forgotten and ignored; just such abuses as we know from the Book of Ne were common in his day (compare Nehemiah 3:5; Nehemiah 5:1-13). Yet, it is doubtful whether Malachi preached during Nehemiah's active governorship; for in Malachi 1:8 it is implied that gifts might be offered to the "governor," whereas Nehemiah tells us that he declined all such (Nehemiah 5:15, 18). On the other hand, the abuses which Malachi attacked correspond so exactly with those which Nehemiah found on his 2nd visit to Jerusalem in 432 B.C. (Nehemiah 13:7) that it seems reasonably certain that he prophesied shortly before that date, i.e. between 445 and 432 B.C. As Dr. J.M.P. Smith says, The Book of Malachi fits the situation amid which Nehemiah worked as snugly as a bone fits its socket" (ICC, 7). That the prophet should exhort the people to remember the law of Moses, which was publicly read by Ezra in the year 444 B.C., is in perfect agreement with this conclusion, despite the fact that Stade, Cornill and Kautzsch argue for a date prior to the time of Ezra. On the other hand, Nagelsbach, Kohler, Orelli, Reuss and Volck rightly place the book in the period between the two visits of Nehemiah (445-432 B.C.).
The book, in the main, is composed of two extended polemics against the priests (Malachi 1:6-2:9) and the people (Malachi 2:10-4:3), opening with a clear, sharp statement of the prophet's chief thesis that Yahweh still loves Israel (Malachi 1:2-5), and closing with an exhortation to remember the Law of Moses (Malachi 4:4-6). After the title or superscription (Malachi 1:1) the prophecy falls naturally into seven divisions:
(1) Malachi 1:2-5, in which Malachi shows that Yahweh still loves Israel because their lot stands in such marked contrast to Edom's. They were temporarily disciplined; Edom was forever punished.
(2) Malachi 1:6-2:9, a denunciation of the priests, the Levites, who have become neglectful of their sacerdotal office, indifferent to the Law, and unmindful of their covenant relationship to Yahweh.
(3) Malachi 2:10-16, against idolatry and divorce. Some interpret this section metaphorically of Judah as having abandoned the religion of his youth (2:11). But idolatry and divorce were closely related. The people are obviously rebuked for literally putting away their own Jewish wives in order to contract marriage with foreigners (2:15). Such marriages, the prophet declares, are not only a form of idolatry (2:11), but a violation of Yahweh's intention to preserve to Himself a "godly seed" (2:15).
(4) Malachi 2:17-3:6, an announcement of coming judgment. Men are beginning to doubt whether there is longer a God of justice (2:17). Malachi replies that the Lord whom the people seek will suddenly come, both to purify the sons of Levi and to purge the land of sinners in general. The nation, however, will not be utterly consumed (3:6).
(5) Malachi 3:7-12, in which the prophet pauses to give another concrete example of the people's sins: they have failed to pay their tithes and other dues. Accordingly, drought, locusts, and famine have ensued. Let these be paid and the nation will again prosper, and their land will become "a delightsome land."
(6) Malachi 3:13-4:3, a second section addressed to the doubters of the prophet's age. In 2:17, they had said, "Where is the God of justice?" They now murmur: "It is vain to serve God; and what profit is it that we have kept his charge?" The wicked and the good alike prosper (3:14, 15). But, the prophet replies, Yahweh knows them that are His, and a book of remembrance is being kept; for a day of judgment is coming when the good and the evil will be distinguished; those who work iniquity will be exterminated, while those who do righteously will triumph.
(7) Malachi 4:4-6, a concluding exhortation to obey the Mosaic Law; with a promise that Elijah the prophet will first come to avert, if possible, the threatened judgment by reconciling the hearts of the nation to one another, i.e. to reconcile the ideals of the old to those of the young, and vice versa.
Malachi was content to write prose. His Hebrew is clear and forceful and direct; sometimes almost rhythmical. His figures are as numerous as should be expected in the brief remnants of his sermons which have come down to us, and in every case they are chaste and beautiful (1:6; 3:2, 3, 17; 4:1-3). His statements are bold and correspondingly effective. The most original feature in his style is the lecture-like method which characterizes his book throughout; more particularly that of question and answer. His style is that of the scribes. It is known as the didactic-dialectic method, consisting first of an assertion or charge, then a fancied objection raised by his hearers, and finally the prophet's refutation of their objection. Eight distinct examples of this peculiarity are to be found in his book, each one containing the same clause in Hebrew, "Yet ye say"


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Civil Engineering projects and large construction projects can benefit from 3D animation and 3D visualization services
Although engineers can read all the two-dimensional CAD drawings, being able to see the final design in 3D could be very beneficial for the final outcome.
Ability to see the design from all angles in 3D is crucial for the engineers to understand the final design. 3D animation and Virtual Reality give engineers and designers the ability to see their design as realistically as possible, giving them the opportunity to see the design in detail and make the necessary adjustments before going into the final construction.
3D animation and Virtual Reality engineering include the usual 3D modeling tools and 3D visualization techniques as a part of the design process. 3D animation and 3D Virtual Reality technologies enable engineers to view their design in 3D and gain a greater understanding of how the design works. They can spot design flaws before the final construction.
3D animation and Virtual Reality allow the design team to observe their project within a safe environment and make changes where necessary. This saves both time and money.
3D visualization and Virtual Reality can also be used as a communication and marketing tool to show the project to future investors and non-technical people as realistically as possible.


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The School for Scandal
Richard Sheridan
Teachers and parents! Struggling with distance learning? Our Teacher Edition on School for Scandal can help.
The School for Scandal: Act 3, Scene 2 Summary & Analysis
Sir Oliver, pretending to be "Mr. Premium," arrives at Charles's house with Moses. While Charles's servant Trip is telling Charles that he has a visitor, Sir Oliver recognizes that the house used to belong to his brother. Moses tells him that Joseph sold the house and all its contents to Charles, and that Sir Peter thought this to be an extravagant act by Charles. Sir Oliver says it was more contemptible on Joseph's part to have sold the house and other heirlooms.
Sir Oliver is interested in signs that the family's heritage has sentimental value for his nephews. Joseph would have sold his father's house even though he did not need the money, which suggests greediness or indifference to family history and reputation. Charles, however, bought his father's house from his brother, despite being short on money.
Family Honor and Money Theme Icon
Trip returns and says Charles has asked them to wait. Sir Oliver, pretending to be "Mr. Premium," asks Trip whether he likes working for Charles. Trip says he does: although he often gets paid late, he also takes his master's cast-off clothing. Trip consults with Moses about getting a loan from him, offering to use clothing he expects to get from Charles in the future as collateral. Sir Oliver is shocked that a servant would presume to ask for a loan in the same way a member of the upper class does.
Sir Oliver believes that there should be a sharp difference between members of high society like himself and those of the lower classes. He thinks that part of the Surface reputation should be to assert this difference, and feels that Charles's servant's behavior shows that Charles is not enforcing these distinctions.
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Juan Marichal (historian)
Juan Marichal (February 2, 1922 – August 9, 2010) was a Spanish-Canarian historian, literary critic and essayist. Marichal also served as a professor at Harvard University. Marichal spent years in exile during the Franco dictatorship following the end of the Spanish Civil War.
Marichal was born on February 2, 1922, in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. He moved with his family to Madrid in 1935. However, he soon relocated to both Valencia and Barcelona before attending school in Paris, France. He graduated from French lycee in Casablanca, near the end of the Spanish Civil War.
In 1941, Marichal boarded a ship with other exiles from the Spanish Civil War and sailed from Casablanca to Mexico at just 19 years old. He enrolled at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, where he studied literature and philosophy. He worked at a box factory as a student to pay for his tuition.
Marichal became a professor at Luis Vives Institute, an organization in Mexico founded by Spaniard exiles. He moved to the United States, where he enrolled as a doctoral student at Princeton University in New Jersey due to a scholarship obtained for him by Edmundo O'Gorman, a Mexican historian and philosopher. Marichal received his doctorate in literature from Princeton University in 1949.
Marichal taught literature at Harvard University in Massachusetts after obtaining his doctorate, where his courses, which focused on Spain and the Spanish-language, included El Cid. He later spent more than 10 years writing his most famous work, The Complete Works of Manuel Azaña, a Spanish politician. He also published the writings and works of his father-in-law, Spanish poet Pedro Salinas, Three Voices of Pedro Salinas, in 1976. Marichal was a recipient of the Spain National Prize in Literature in 1996 for his work as a historian and was awarded the Canary Prize for Literature in 1987.
Juan Marichal died on August 9, 2010, at his home in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, at the age of 88. His death was announced by the regional government of the Canary Islands. He was predeceased by his wife, Solita, the daughter of poet Pedro Salinas.. The couple had one son.
- "Historian and Essayist Juan Marichal Dies". Latin American Herald Tribune. 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- "The Canary Islands mourn the death of Juan Marichal". Tenerife News (Canary Island News). 2010-08-11. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
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Is a private college located Davao City, Brokenshire college was founded in 1954.
MCI approved Degree, Recognized by WHO, EGFMG and students are eligible to practice in USA, UK, Canada
Brokenshire Memorial Hospital has a wide range of medical and surgical services in Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Neurosciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Orthopedics, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
College Labs fully equipped with worldclass facilities and faculties
College provides a Life long and self motivated process due to continuous unraveling of mathematical, medical, technological and natural sciences facts and principles.
Indian food with hostel separately for Boys and Girls.
Hostel is there in the university. It has 24 hours security guards along with CCTV camera for the students' safety.
Over 50,000 books with latest editions and E-library facility available to learn according to the generation which helps our students.
Well-equipped air-conditioned theater style class rooms with all the modern amenities.
Educational Objectives
To realize these educational objectives, the college shall pursue and work out; an administration, faculty, staff and students who are:
 1. knowledgeable of the best thoughts and values of humankind;
 2. conversant with the economic, political, social and cultural heritage in relation to the realities of Philippine life, in particular, and of the world, in general;
A methodology of teaching, a system of learning and evaluation that will:
 1. recognize the dignity of every person;
 2. train for the development of the capacity of critical thinking and research;
 3. cultivate social responsibility and action guided by Christian values
A decision-making process that will:
 1. make use of the fullest contribution of various sectors; and
 2. develop the capabilities for reflection and action in the college community;
A curriculum and co-curriculum program that foster development towards:
 1. creative thinking;
 2. human dignity and responsibility;
 3. social awareness; and,
 4. involvement;
A policy of service that will:
 1. reflect the values of justice and equality.
 2. the dignity of labor.
 3. the development of commitment to duty, competence and excellence; and; academic-community actions that are actively involved in solidarity with the marginalized in society for their authentic development and liberation.
© 2019 MBBS @ PHILIPPINES Website by: Ovm Studios


Textes d'opinion
The risk of government sticking its fingers in the electric socket
Compared to the rest of Canada, Alberta's electricity market is unique. While the province has several city-owned utilities, most of the utilities that generate and deliver electricity in Alberta have been privately financed. In contrast, the energy markets of most provinces are dominated by publicly owned utilities.
Critics of the private electricity sector in Alberta have often pointed to fluctuating prices as a disadvantage. However, the province's consumers have the option of choosing between fixed rates and floating rates. And price fluctuations can be a benefit for consumers, who can profit from falling prices. Furthermore, consumers can choose to "green" their energy bills. This wide range of options is typical of private markets, but when it comes to electricity, Alberta is unique within Canada.
Some have claimed that Albertans pay the highest electricity bills in the country. What is often overlooked, though, is Alberta's geography, which doesn't allow for cheap hydroelectricity.
A London Economics study comparing Canadian electricity prices took this factor into account. Although prices in Alberta in 2013 were 15 per cent higher than in the rest of Canada, when provinces getting more than 50 per cent of their electricity from hydro were excluded, Alberta was within one per cent of the average.
Furthermore, electricity prices seem to be trending downward in Alberta. In the first half of 2014, residential electricity prices had fallen 21 per cent below their 2013 levels. And according to Evan Bahry, executive director of the Independent Power Producers Society of Alberta, year-to-date pricing for 2015 is the lowest in the market's history.
Part of the story behind this trend is that Alberta's market-friendly model has attracted investment, dramatically increasing the homegrown power supply. Indeed, Alberta's power supply has more than doubled since 1998.
Sensible regulations can reduce uncertainty, protect consumers, and help foster a level playing field where the private sector can prosper. But the "smart" regulations the government has promised could be the first step on a slippery slope. Most regulatory regimes end up going too far, pandering to special interests and sticking around after they've become obsolete.
Energy regulations are no different, especially when government can order public utilities around. Take Ontario, for example. The solar energy development program costs an estimated $1.2 billion a year, but provides only two per cent of Ontario's total electricity needs. Most Ontarians are all for green energy programs, but since there's no such thing as a free lunch, the real question is: How much more are you ready to pay? Judging from some strong reactions, many see solar energy as an expensive luxury. Hydro One being a public utility, everybody still has to pay, even those who would have preferred lower prices.
The same thing happened in Quebec, formerly renowned for its cheap hydro power. Though still relatively low, electricity rates are steadily climbing, picking some $700 million a year out of consumers' pockets and giving it to wind farm developers. This subsidy does not even have any environmental benefit, since hydroelectricity is just as green as wind power. Successive Quebec governments have simply chosen to create expensive jobs in an impoverished region in order to win political support.
The cautionary tale is clear: Asking government for a little more regulation because of those irksome rates that are a bit too high or too volatile, might seem like a good idea at first glance, but a little more regulation is not such an easy thing to find.
Governments that control utilities usually end up using them to produce a different kind of power, as public utilities eventually morph into political utilities, and consumers and taxpayers are stuck holding the bill.
Youri Chassin est économiste et directeur de la recherche à l'Institut économique de Montréal. Bradley Doucet est réviseur et analyste de politiques à l'IEDM. Ils signent ce texte à titre personnel.
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Tutorial 1: Scalars
> Flow Scalar
A scalar is any dimension measured with respect to time. The three main types that we will discuss are Flow, Volume and Pressure.
Flow is defined as the volume of gas passing a certain point in a given amount of time. It is usually measured in Litres/minute. The video on the right simultaneously displays the tracing of the flow scalar and the movement experienced by the lungs. Notice that flow is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration. This is because the direction of air flow reverses.


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Legionnaires lawyer Elliot Olsen has won millions for his clients. If you or a family member became ill in this Batavia Legionnaires outbreak, you might have cause to file a Legionnaires lawsuit. Please call Elliot at _PHONE_ for a free consultation.
The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) has identified a construction site as a possible cause of a Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Batavia.
The construction site is a short walk from the Covenant Living at Holmstad retirement home at 700 West Fabyan Parkway. Twelve residents of the facility have been confirmed with Legionnaires' disease, which is contracted by inhaling Legionella bacteria-infected water droplets in the form of mist or vapor.
Just this week, two additional illnesses were diagnosed in people who live nearby Covenant Living but have no connection to the retirement home.
According to the IDPH, construction workers have been using pressure washers, which could aerosolize infected water and subsequently spread the Legionella.
A seven-month construction project began June 10 on the Fabyan Parkway bridge over the Fox River. (Fabyan Parkway is also known as County Highway 8.)
If construction equipment is the source of the problem, even people who have driven by or through the construction area could become infected.
Batavia Legionnaires outbreak: city water not source
City officials said the Legionella causing the 14 illnesses did not come from the local water supply.
Batavia city administrator Laura Newman told City Council members on Monday that chlorine tests of the water system returned levels higher than that required by the IDPH, meaning that Legionella could not survive.
"Our water system was never the culprit," Mayor Jeff Schielke told the Kane County Chronicle.
Batavia Legionnaires outbreak: Sick? Seek treatment
Health officials are warning residents, employees, or individuals who have visited Covenant Living, as well as anyone living within a mile of the construction area, to watch for respiratory symptoms.
Seek care from your health-care provider if you are feeling fluor pneumonia-like symptoms, which usually develop two to 10 days after exposure to Legionella. Initial symptoms include:
- muscle pains
- fever, which can be 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.
By the second or third day, symptoms can worsen to include:
- cough, which can bring up mucus or blood
- shortness of breath, also called dyspnea
- chest pains, also called pleurisy
- gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- confusion and other mental changes.
Anyone can get the disease, but those at the most significant risk of infection include:
- people 50 or older
- smokers (current or former)
- heavy drinkers of alcoholic beverages
- people with chronic lung disease, such as COPD (most commonly, bronchitis or emphysema)
- people with weakened immune systems.
Legionnaires' disease is not contagious – that is, it cannot be passed from person to person. The condition is treatable with antibiotics when diagnosed early enough, although if that does not occur, it can lead to severe complications.
Batavia Legionnaires outbreak: disease complications
After a diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease, hospitalization is almost always required. In the most severe cases, complications can occur, such as:
- respiratory failure: caused by changes to the lung tissue, or oxygen loss in arteries supplying the lungs.
- septic shock: this can occur when Legionella produce toxins that enter the bloodstream and cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to the loss of adequate blood supply to the organs.
- kidney failure: those same Legionella toxins can damage the kidneys' ability to eliminate waste from the blood, resulting in kidney failure.
- endocarditis: an infection of the inner lining of the heart that can affect the ability of the heart to maintain adequate blood flow through the body.
- pericarditis: swelling of the pericardium, which is the primary membrane around the heart. This can also affect the ability of the heart to circulate blood throughout the body.
Although Legionnaires' disease primarily affects the lungs, it occasionally can cause infections in wounds and other parts of the body, including the heart.
According to CDC statistics, about one out of every 10 people (10 percent) infected with Legionnaires will die due to complications from the illness.
More information about Legionnaires' disease and updates on the outbreak can be found at _URL_-Disease.aspx.
A total of 285 cases of Legionnaires' disease have been confirmed in Illinois thus far in 2019.


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For such a small piece of jewelry, rings have an impressive ability to be subtle or standout works of art.
Elements Of Rings Styles & Settings
portrait Mary Nevill with rings
A portrait of Mary Nevill and her son Gregory Fiennes, the Baron Dacre, by Hans Eworth (1559).
Rings are made in a variety of different precious metals. Although silver is now common and affordable, it was once coveted as much as gold. Fine gemstones are rarely set in silver today, but until about four hundred years ago, it was frequently used to create crowns, scepters, and other royal regalia. With its silky glow, silver–and even slightly tarnished silver–can flatter many gemstones.
Mary Nevill's ring closeup
A close up of Mary Nevill's gold and gemstone rings.
Yellow gold and rose gold are frequently used to mount gemstones. Both of these gold alloys can emphasize any yellowish color in a gemstone. White gold is often used as an affordable alternative to platinum and its aesthetic advantages in complementing gemstones are similar. Jewelers are continually experimenting with new gold alloys, including green and blue gold—which are nice companions for many gemstones.
Of the metals regularly used in jewelry, platinum is the most valuable. Most fine gemstones look magnificent in a platinum setting, which makes blue and green colors look cool, and yellow and red colors look crisp and highly saturated. Palladium is also good alternative for platinum or white gold, as it is significantly less expensive.
ring diagram to show setting
A diagram of a ring highlighting the crown and shank.
Rings have two basic parts: the shank (or band) and the head (or crown). Most rings have a single band of metal for the shank. However, the shank of the ring can take several different forms. Most rings have what is called a straight shank, a single band with an even width around the finger. If the band of the shank does not have an even width all around the finger, but instead gets wider at the head or the base of the ring, it is considered a tapered shank.
sapphire ring with tapered shank
A light blue sapphire ring with a tapered shank.
Split shank rings have two separate bands of metal supporting the head or crown of the ring. The finger may show through the separate bands of metal. The purpose behind this style is to create comfort for the wearer when supporting a large gemstone or central element since it is a nice alternative to an excessively wide band.
pink sapphire ring with split shank setting
A pink sapphire and diamond ring with a split shank setting.
Rings with split shanks are also less likely to turn on the wearer's finger. The ring may still be easily sized to fit because the base of the ring is usually composed of a single band of metal. A single split is the most common, but rings can also have double split shanks or triple split shanks as well. Most split shank rings have a tapered design, which makes them slightly more difficult to wear with other rings.
Many band rings, especially those designed for men, have what is called a comfort fit. The inside of these rings are contoured to the finger. The ring's edges are finished to a smooth curve so that the ring is comfortable to wear for long periods of time.
Jewelry makers have considerable latitude in the design of the head or crown of women's rings. Contemporary men's rings often feature bold geometry and clean, crisp lines, although some men are beginning to experiment with more elaborate designs as well. Below is a selection of popular ring styles:
diamond eternity band in rose gold
A diamond pave band in rose gold.
Band Rings
The band ring is one of the oldest and simplest designs for a ring. Popular setting techniques for band rings include channel setting, bezel settings, and pave settings.
yellow sapphire solitaire setting
A yellow sapphire solitaire ring.
Solitaire Rings
Like the band ring, the solitaire is a simple, classical style. While the band ring emphasizes metal or closely set small stones, the solitaire is meant to exhibit a single central stone of superb quality. In its purest form, the solitaire ring consists of a plain band supporting a prong set center stone. In some contemporary solitaire rings the central stone is bezel set, which serves to increase the apparent size of the stone. Another modern variation is the striking tension set ring, where the stone seems to float in midair.
purple sapphire three stone ring
A purple sapphire and diamond three-stone ring.
Three-Stone Rings
The three-stone ring is a popular favorite. In a three-stone ring, two well-matched accent stones flank a center stone, which may be any durable gemstone including diamonds, emeralds, sapphires, or rubies.
cluster ring setting
A cluster ring of semiprecious gemstones set in gold.
Cluster Rings
Instead of a single centerpiece stone, cluster rings feature groupings of smaller stones, arranged in an artful pattern. Cluster rings can be set with multiples of a single type of gemstone or with an assortment of stones. Cluster rings often mix stones of different shapes, including rounds, ovals, pears, and marquises. Using smaller stones in clusters makes a generous display of gems more affordable, since several small stones will cost less than a large single stone.
Cartier ruby bombe ring
A ruby and diamond bombe ring by Cartier.
Bombé Rings
The bombé ring is a variant of the cluster ring, featuring a dome of small, closely set stones, with or without a prominent center stone. The style was popular during the 1920s and 1930s, and reemerged during the 1980s. Bombé rings garner lots of attention, especially when set with dazzling gemstones.
emerald and diamond cocktail ring
An emerald and diamond cocktail ring set in platinum.
Dinner or Cocktail Rings
A dinner ring or cocktail ring is a large oversized ring, set with precious or semiprecious gemstones. Cocktail rings became popular during the 1940s and 1950s. They are generally worn by women and placed on the fourth finger of the right hand. For this reason they are sometimes known as Right Hand Rings.
stacking diamond rings
A set of stacking diamond and rose gold rings.
Stack Rings
Whether worn alone or in multiples, stackable rings look good on both men and women. Although many believe this is a modern trend, both men and women in ancient Rome wore many rings stacked on a single finger.
Stack rings have the additional advantage in that they can be purchased to celebrate or commemorate any number of special occasions: a birthday, a graduation, a promotion or new job for example. Gemstone stack rings make perfect "mother's rings" when each band features the birthstone of a different child.
silver signet ring
A silver signet ring from 15th-16th century Iran.
Signet Rings
Signet rings were some of the first ancient rings. Signet rings contain a carved seal of metal or an inscribed stone, which would be pressed into melted wax to seal a document. Because signet rings were also used to prove the identity or authority of their bearer, these rings have also been used as symbols of power. Signet rings are also souvenirs or symbols of membership, as in a class ring or professional ring.
With so many styles of rings available, next learn about Famous Rings | A Selection of Rings from History.
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Live Like a Leaf
January 03, 2009
The Leaf Community is the first sustainable community created in Italy.
In a world of growing economic complexity, where the consumption of goods and resources is quickly increasing, communities need to find sustainable solutions to economic challenges. In order to survive, we have to change the way we think and act. We have to give greater value to the things we consume in everyday life, and we have to recognize and honor the link between human beings and the natural environment.
The Leaf Community represents a real change—a place where people and nature meet. The Leaf Community came about because a group of innovators were determined to create a positive relationship between technology and nature. A focus on tradition and innovation characterizes the community—the first eco-sustainable, completely integrated community in Italy, inaugurated on June 25, 2008. It is called the Leaf Community because, like a real leaf, it creates and distributes the energy it needs to live and thrive. In the Leaf Community, energy is captured from the sun, water, air, and earth, and is transformed, stored, and released through a distribution network—just as it is in a leaf.
In the Leaf Community, it's possible to live in a zero carbon house, travel in an...
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to _EMAIL_.


comment
You can try a string-matrix:
0,1: A
1,5: APPLE
2,5: AXELS
3,5: EAGLE
4,5: HELLO
5,5: WORLD
Let's call this a ragged index-matrix, to spare some memory. Order it on length, and then on alphabetical order. To address a character I use the notation x,y:z: x is the index, y is the length of the entry, z is the position. The length of your string is f and g is the number of entries in the dictionary.
 - Create list m, which contains potential match indexes x.
 - Iterate on z from 0 to f.
 - Is it a wildcard and not the latest character of the search string?
 - Continue loop (all match).
 - Is m empty?
 - Search through all x from 0 to g for y that matches length.!!A!!
 - Does the z character matches with search string at that z? Save x in m.
 - Is m empty? Break loop (no match).
 - Is m not empty?
 - Search through all elements of m.!!B!!
 - Does not match with search? Remove from m.
 - Is m empty? Break loop (no match).
A wildcard will always pass the "Match with search string?". And m is equally ordered as the matrix.
!!A!!: Binary search on length of the search string. O(log n)
!!B!!: Binary search on alphabetical ordering. O(log n)
The reason for using a string-matrix is that you already store the length of each string (because it makes it search faster), but it also gives you the length of each entry (assuming other constant fields), such that you can easily find the next entry in the matrix, for fast iterating. Ordering the matrix isn't a problem: since this has only be done once the dictionary updates, and not during search-time.
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Try to build a Generalized Suffix Tree if the dictionary will be matched by sequence of queries. There is linear time algorithm that can be used to build such tree (Ukkonen Suffix Tree Construction).
You can easily match (it's O(k), where k is the size of the query) each query by traversing from the root node, and use the wildcard character to match any character like typical pattern finding in suffix tree.
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2 The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education (NOKUT) was established on JanuaryIts purpose is to make decisions on general recognition of foreign education, to oversee the quality of Norwegian higher education by means of evaluation, accreditation and approval of quality systems, institutions, and course programs.These tasks should be carried out in such a way that the institutions can use the results to develop their own quality system.NOKUT represents Norway in the ENIC-NARIC network and is the information agency described in the Lisbon Convention on Recognition.
3 Higher educationAll higher education institutions are subject to the authority of the Ministry of Education and Research.Higher education in Norway is mainly offered at state institutions, notably universities.The degrees and titles that each institution can award and their professional and educational programs, as well as the duration and specific requirements concerning breadth and depth are all laid down in the Royal Decree of 11 October 2002 (last revision 21 December 2005).In June 2001, the Norwegian Parliament passed an extensive reform of higher education, the so-called Quality Reform.
5 The main points include a new degree structure: Bachelor, of 3 years' durationMaster of 2 years' duration, and PhD of 3 years' durationA credit system based on ECTS was introduced with 60 credits being equivalent to one year's full-time studyThe possibility for some types of colleges to become universities.The redefinition of governing bodies and management of the institutionsAn increase in student loans/grants
6 Priority is given to the improvement of teaching and assessment And the introduction of mutual and formalized agreements between students and institutionsPriority is given to participation in international programs and exchange agreementsHigher education institutions strive to offer students a period of study abroad as a component of their
7 How to become a teacher in Norway: There are several paths to becoming a teacher in Norway.Placement period: weeksPlacement period: 12 weeks in a company and 12 weeks at schoolPlacement period:14 weeksA four-year general teacher education program at a University CollegeA three-year vocational teacher education program at a University collegeA one-year postgraduate certificate in education at a University
8 Admission to Practical Pedagogic education Teacher-training program based on one of the following types of educational background :craft certificate or completed a three-year vocational upper secondary education,general education, vocational theoretical education and a minimum of two years of professional experienceprofession-oriented bachelor's degree and a minimum of two years of professional experience
9 The curriculum for teacher-training program 60 credits The goals for students' learning is structured in three main areas.Since the study work is centered on practical tasks and situations in the teacher work, it is natural to work against multiple targets simultaneously.
10 3.1 A - The teacher and the student / apprentice Target area includes training in classrooms, workshops and other learning venues.The core tasks are the development and maintenance of a good learning environment and planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating their own teaching and pupils' learning.
11 3.2 B - The teacher and the organization Target area encompasses organizational, leadership and collaboration tasks that are outside of the daily training, but that adds important framework for this.This requires an understanding of the school's / company's goals and distinctiveness as a learning place and workplace.The program will also promote the ability and willingness to further develop organizational culture, organization and management methods.
12 3.3 C - The teacher and community Target area is about the interplay between social development, education of values, discipline / profession and educational practices.The teacher must be able to justify and develop their academic and subjects-/ vocational didactic understanding and pedagogical practices from a social perspective.


text:
Spark Ignition Transition of Premixed Turbulent Expanding Flames using Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
This talk presents the coupling effects of pulsed repetitive frequency (PRF = 0-90 kHz), r.m.s turbulent fluctuating velocity (u = 0-2.8 m/s), and inter-electrode gap (dgap = 0.6-2.0 mm) on the enhancement and deterioration of laminar and turbulent ignition probabilities (Pig,L and Pig,T) by nanosecond-repetitively-pulsed-discharges (NRPD) in a randomly-stirred lean n-butane/air mixture with large Lewis number Le 2.2 >> 1. All centrally-ignited NRPD experiments are conducted in a dual-chamber fan-stirred cruciform burner using the same total ignition energy (Etot 23 mJ) via a burst of 11 pulses, each pulse having about 2.2 mJ except for the first pulse having about 1 mJ. Here Etot MIEL 23 mJ at dgap = 0.8-mm (MIEL=26.3-mJ/3.4-mJ at dgap = 0.6-mm/2.0-mm), where MIEL is the laminar minimum ignition energy measured by the conventional-single-spark-discharge (CSSD) at 50% ignitability. At small dgap, we discover a synergistic coherence ignition enhancement (SCIE) regime having very high Pig,L = 80-90% within certain PRFs, i.e. 20-40 kHz at dgap = 0.8-mm and 40-60 kHz at dgap = 0.6-mm. This is attributed to the coherence between PRF and an inward reactant flow recirculation frequency (fRC) inside the torus-like kernel induced by the discharges. Outside the SCIE regime when PRF < fRC and/or PRF > fRC, the deterioration of Pig,L is found. When PRF 5-kHz/10-kHz at dgap=0.8-mm/0.6-mm, Pig,L=0 even using 5,000 pulses with Etot 11 J. Moreover, Pig,T decreases with increasing u for all three dgap and for most PRFs, except for small dgap = 0.6-mm/0.8-mm at higher PRF 60 kHz and at lower u = 0.5 m/s where a turbulence-facilitated-ignition (TFI) with Pig,T > Pig,L is observed. There is no TFI at dgap = 2-mm; the decrease of Pig,T with u changes from gradually to rapidly when u is greater than some critical value depending on PRF, showing a Pig,T transition. These results are attributed to the interactions between turbulent dissipation, differential diffusion, and synergistic influence, which are substantiated by Schlieren images of initial kernel development and the ignition time determined at one half of the flame critical radius that leads to a self-sustained spherical flame propagation. Finally, the aforesaid NRPD ignition transition (IT) is compared with previous CSSD IT results using various fuels, such as hydrogen, methane, propane, n-butane, iso-octane, and the primary reference fuel of gasoline, which should be important for achieving a better ignition strategy in spark ignition engines.


text:
The Emic Avenue; art through Talanoa
MetadataShow full metadata
To Talanoa, you have a personal encounter with another person in conversation. To begin this project, the process of Talanoa is used in a respectful journalistic mode and sensibility for collecting stories of the everyday. This project enacts narratives that have been collected through everyday interactions with people, both within my community and abroad. In reacting to the prevalent issues gathered from minority groups, such as the working class, migrants and religious groups; and by exploring tropes of migration and their subsequent interaction with hegemony; the desire is to bring these overlooked realities of the everyday people into visibility through art. By enacting these stories through performative and material practice the outcome offers a sometimes humorous, and possibly powerful symbolic, emic viewpoint to the Western metanarrative.


Interoperability between Eclipse (EMF) and Microsoft (Oslo and DSL Tools) modeling tools
In the AtlanMod group we have been recently working on a model-driven solution to improve tool interoperability, specially focusing on the challenging problem of interoperability between tools with variable metamodels (i.e. tools that are able to manipulate data conforming to different metadata specifications; in this situation, data interoperability needs to interchange not only the data but also the metadata between the tools so that the target tool can correctly interpret the imported information).
With our approach, the internal
schema/s (i.e. metamodel) of each tool are explicited and used as basis
for solving syntactic and semantic differences between the tools. Once
the corresponding metamodels are aligned, model-to-model transformations
are (semi)automatically derived and executed to perform the actual
data interchange. Details of our approach can be read in our paper:
"Hugo Brunelière, Jordi Cabot, Cauê Clasen, Frédéeric Jouault, Jean Béezivin: Towards Model Driven Tool Interoperability: Bridging Eclipse and Microsoft Modeling Tools" (available from my research page, direct link ),
recently accepted at the Sixth European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA'10).
We have used our approach TO CREATE a SET OF
bridges BETWEEN the Eclipse (EMF) AND Microsoft (SQL Server modeling (SSM), formerly Oslo, AND
DSL Tools) modeling technologies. The bridges allow TO automatically
open AND manipulate IN Microsoft tools ANY model AND metamodel defined IN
EMF (AND the other way around). The approach allows TO CREATE ALL possible bridges BETWEEN the tools but so far we have implemented the following ones:
Note that a bridge TO exchange (meta)models BETWEEN the two Microsoft modeling tools (DSL tools AND SQL Server Modeling) can be derived by transitivity FROM the existing bridges.
With these bridges we can CREATE a Simple PetriNet metamodel IN Ecore AND sample PetriNet models USING EMF
and port them TO Microsoft so that we can, FOR instance, OPEN AND manipulate them FROM within DSL tools. AS an example, the following figure shows the results OF importing IN DSL tools the previuos PetriNet EMF metamodel AND model example.
Roughly speaking, this IS done by implementing the following generic bridging SCHEMA consisting OF the following five major steps (again, see the paper referenced above FOR the FULL details):
 1. Metamodel discovery: The internal metametamodel OF each variable metamodel tool IS explicited
 2. Transcription: Metametamodel B IS expressed IN terms OF metametamodel A
 3. Syntactic TRANSLATION: Metamodels instance OF B ARE reexpressed USING the metametamodel B rewritten IN A. This steps solves syntactic differences BETWEEN A AND B that ARE now IN the same technical SPACE.
 4. Semantic Alignment: Metamodels conforming TO B ARE now expressed AS native metamodels IN A. After this step, we ARE already able TO migrate metamodels FROM A TO B (AND the other way around)
 5. DATA Interchange: The previous alignment IS used TO generate the actual transformations that import/export models BETWEEN A AND B
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The proportion of female students studying economics A-level in the UK remains stubbornly low. But it was the marked decline in numbers taking the exam during the 1990s that triggered Ashworth and Evans' research.
The pair surveyed 1,000 A-level students in 1996/7 across 35 schools, including all year 13 students studying economics and 767 students who were not.
Of those students studying economics A-level, females rated their interest in the subject at 3.72 on a scale of 1-5 whereas males rated it 3.56. Likewise, for those students studying economics but choosing not to take it at university, 55 per cent of females said that although they found it interesting, they performed better in their other subjects. This compared with 54 per cent of males.
Again, there was no significant difference, indicating that once taken, female students were no less likely to dislike the subject or perceive themselves to perform at a lower level compared with their other subjects.
The main difference came when analysing responses from students who had chosen not to study the subject at A-level. When asked why, the percentage of males who said that they knew nothing about the subject was 17 per cent compared with 31 per cent of female students: a significant difference.
The authors suggest that with more information, all students – and particularly females – may be more likely to take it. In addition to better information and a need for greater economics awareness in lower years at school, they also discuss introducing GCSE economics, re-examining the curriculum to consider how it might appeal more to females, and the importance of other females already studying economics in the school as potential levers for change.
As an economics teacher since 2004, I found this research interesting, first because of the trend data. I have seen increasing interest in the subject from both genders, particularly since things got interesting in the world economy in 2008.
Analysis by Geoff Riley of Tutor2U, who annually tracks the number of students studying economics from Joint Council for Qualifications (JCQ) data, reveals that there has been a significant change from the data reported in this 1999 paper, with an 87 per cent increase in the number studying the subject at AS and A2 since
2002, with 70,424 students sitting AS and A2-levels in 2014.
I took a closer look at the QCA data to identify any trends in gender uptake and although the numbers of male and female students have increased over this period, 58 per cent and 53 per cent respectively, the proportion of females remained consistently at 32 or 33 per cent each year, unchanged since Ashworth and Evans' research. This suggests that, despite the subject's increasing popularity, the question as to why more females don't take it remains.
Like many other economics teachers I'm sure, I find that year 9 or 11 students consistently display misconceptions as to what the subject entails, be they male or female. Most consider it to be about money; few have an inkling that it centres on the allocation of scarce resources. I have wondered whether confidence may be at play here, that female students are more likely to admit their lack of knowledge.
GCSEs in economics or related subjects might reduce this knowledge gap. Likewise, PSHE or economics awareness programmes could do better at supporting knowledge of economics, rather than the typical diet of personal finance and budgeting. The suggestion of "feminising" the curriculum sits less well with me. I would be concerned that altering it on the chance that it might appeal to some female students would reduce the subject's credibility for uncertain gains.
Overall, then, the economics A-level landscape has changed somewhat since Ashworth and Evans' writing in 1999. However, although they are successful once they take up the subject, females still only make up a third of all students. Ashworth and Evans offer some sensible suggestions as to what work could be done to increase this proportion.


education administration
What does a Post-Secondary Education Administrator do?
A post-secondary education administrator oversees student activities, faculty research, and academics at colleges and universities. However, their duties may vary depending on the area of the college they manage, such as the office of the registrar, admission, or student life. Postsecondary education administrators help students in several ways such as completing admissions applications and registering for classes. They work in colleges, universities, community colleges, and technical and trade schools on a full-time basis.
Watch a video to learn what a post-secondary education administrator does.
Find a College
How to Become a Postsecondary Education Administrator
education administration
A minimum of a bachelor's degree is required for an entry-level position of a postsecondary education administrator along with experience in a college administrative setting or related field. However, a master's degree or higher is often preferred. These degrees may be in social work, marketing, or accounting.
Deans and provosts usually have doctorates in the field in which they taught and may transition into administration. Employers look for candidates with experience in a college administrative setting. Some postsecondary education administrators work in a registrar's office or as a resident assistant while in college in order to get their experience.
Job Description of a Postsecondary Education Administrator
Postsecondary education administrators may work in admissions or in the registrar's office, therefore their duties may vary. The duties in admissions would include determining how many students to accept to the school and to meet with the prospective students to encourage them to apply. They review applicants and analyze data about the applicants and admitted students.
Many admissions counselor's travel to specific regions of the country to speak to students and high school counselors. He or she may work with the financial department helping students with tuition and creating packages of federal and financial aid.
The duties of those working in the registrar's office are to maintain student and course records. These administrators schedule and register students for classes, as well as the time and space of classes. They ensure graduation requirements are met and plan commencement ceremonies. He or she prepares transcripts and diplomas for students and maintains the academic records for the institution.
Postsecondary education administrators that work in student affairs have the duties of several co-curricular school functions like student activities and athletics. They help students with housing concerns, finding roommates, personal problems, and academics. They communicate with the student's parents or guardians and create, support, and assess non-academic programs for the students.
Postsecondary Education Administrator
Postsecondary education administrators oversee student services, academics, and faculty research at colleges and universities. Their job duties vary depending on the size of the school, and the area of the college they manage. In admissions offices, administrators review college applications, conduct interviews with potential students, and decide whether to admit them to the school. Admissions counselors are typically assigned a region of the country and travel there to speak to high school counselors and students.
In registrars' offices, education administrators and their staff register students for classes, ensure they meet academic requirements, and maintain institutional records. Before the school year begins, registrars prepare course schedules, and as the year winds down, they also help plan graduation ceremonies. postsecondary education administrators may oversee student athletics, academic and personal advising, residential life, or other areas.
Student affairs staff may advise student clubs, and train student workers, including residential advisors. Provosts and academic deans help develop academic policies, hire faculty, and manage budgets. Postsecondary education administrators work full time, year-round, for both private and public colleges and universities. Postsecondary education administrators typically need at least a master's degree, although smaller colleges or community colleges may hire candidates with only a bachelor's. Provosts and deans usually need a Ph.D. Many positions also require several years of experience in a college administrative setting.
Article Citations
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Postsecondary Education Administrators.
National Center for O*NET Development. 11-9033.00. O*NET OnLine.


School Lunches Around the World Gallery
Take a peek at what school lunches look like in other countries.
School lunch cafeteria food
School Lunches Around the World - USA
When President Harry Truman signed the National School Lunch Act into law in 1946, he probably didn't imagine that American schools would one day be serving chicken fingers, frozen French fries and soggy pizza.
While nutrition activists are trying to get healthier foods into our schools, we wondered what school lunch looks like in other countries—places where ketchup has never been considered a vegetable.