text:
By Alister Doyle
OSLO (Reuters) - Parasites look set to become more virulent because of climate change, according to a study showing that frogs suffer more infections from a fungus when exposed to unexpected swings in temperatures.
Parasites, which include tapeworms, the tiny organisms that cause malaria and funguses, may be more nimble at adapting to climatic shifts than the animals they live on since they are smaller and grow more quickly, scientists said.
"Increases in climate variability are likely to make it easier for parasites to infect their hosts," Thomas Raffel of Oakland University in the United States told Reuters, based on findings about frogs and a sometimes deadly skin fungus.
"We think this could exacerbate the effects of some disease," he said of the report he led with colleagues at the University of South Florida. It will be published in Monday's edition of the journal Nature Climate Change.
A U.N. panel of experts says that global warming is expected to add to human suffering from more heatwaves, floods, storms, fires and droughts, and have effects such as spreading the ranges of some diseases.
And climate change, blamed on greenhouse gases released by burning fossil fuels, is also likely to mean more swings in temperatures.
"Few...studies have considered the effects of climate variability or predictability on disease, despite it being likely that hosts and parasites will have differential responses to climatic shifts," they wrote.
The scientists exposed Cuban treefrogs in 80 laboratory incubators to varying temperatures and infections of a fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, that is often deadly for the amphibians.
In one experiment, frogs kept at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius (77F) for four weeks suffered far more infections when they were shifted to incubators at 15C (59F) and exposed to the fungus than frogs already used to living at 15C.
"If you shift the temperature a frog is more susceptible to infection than a frog that is already adapted to that temperature," Raffel said.
In another test, frogs that were exposed to predictable daily temperature variations between 15 and 25 Celsius, typical of shifts from night to day, were much better at resisting the fungus.
Based on factors including their size, life expectancy and factors such as their metabolisms, the scientists said frogs probably took 10 times as long as fungus to get used to unexpected temperature changes, a process known as acclimation.
Raffel said that more tests were needed of other parasites and hosts to confirm the findings. "This study was only done on an single tropical frog species," he said.
He said he was unaware of studies about how other parasites such as malaria, for instance, might be affected by temperature swings that affect both its mosquito and human hosts. "It's an open question," he said.
Still, he said that there was speculation that cold-blooded creatures such as frogs, insects, reptiles or fish might be more susceptible to parasites as temperature shifted than warm-blooded birds and mammals.


Quick Answer: What Is Your IG?
What is IG short for?
What does IG mean.
IG stands for the social media platform Instagram.
It also sometimes short for I guess..
What does FT mean in text?
Originally Answered: What does ft mean in text? In texting, Apple owners use ft/FT to suggest the use of facetime or Face Time which is a communications app that enables face to face conversations on Apple products.
What does 444 mean in texting?
444 Is A Sign Someone Is Trying To Communicate With You It is a sign that you are currently following the right path. [*] If you see the number 444 repeatedly, it is often your angel giving you a sign that they are with you. The sign is reminding you to feel confident and supported in this knowledge.
What does it mean when you see 333 444 and 555?
The Meaning Of 111, 222, 333, 444, 555. The Universe can use numbers to communicate with us. It will send us very subtle messages so that we look at something. … These repeating numbers are a reminder that something very magical and Divine is happening in your life!
What does 444 Angel number mean?
Angel Number 444 is a message that you have nothing to fear in regards to your life, work and Divine life purpose. When you take positive action towards your highest intentions, aspirations and goals, the Universe works in your favour and helps you to establish solid foundations and advance you along your path.
What is an appropriate age for Instagram?
What does go off IG mean?
DEEP DIVE. Telling someone to "go off" is usually a way to praise them and to encourage them to keep doing what they're doing. " Going off" can refer to talking about something or doing something. The phrase can also be used more vaguely, usually as positive reinforcement, but sometimes sarcastically or negatively.
What is IG feed?
What does I love you 444 means?
It is also a love reminder that there is no place for negative thoughts in your relationship. This sequence reminds that you will have a strong relationship and no negative energy or thought will affect it. It also means a fresh start in your relationship. Sequence number 444 has a great combination with love.
Why is Instagram bad?
They found that Instagram and other social networks are associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, bullying and a "fear of missing out (FOMO)." They can also foster a negative body image and poor sleep habits.
Can you see who looks at your Instagram?
What is the point of getting an Instagram?
What does this mean 👉 👈?
What does 👉👈 mean? This two-finger touching(👉👈) emoji, also used as 👉👈 is used on TikTok meaning that you want to tell something to the person you send this emoji to and you are hoping they won't get mad at you.
What is full form of FT?
ft. ft is a written abbreviation for feet or, foot.
What does IG mean in school?
Why use Instagram stories vs posts?
Instagram Posts in the Feed. … A unique concept of Instagram stories is that it allows your followers to see images and footage that may not make it to your feed often. This is a perspective that viewers love to see because it provides a sense of transparency for viewers.
What does IG mean in a text?
What does BB mean in text?
for babyIn text messages and online, bb can be short for baby, especially as it's used as a term of endearment for significant others or friends.
Who uses Instagram the most?
The USInstagram location demographics Instagram is one of the most popular social networks on a global level. The US has the most users at 116 million, followed by India at 73 million and Brazil at 72 million. This international presence makes the network appealing to both brands and influencers alike.
Do you get paid for Instagram?
FAQ: Make money on Instagram You can get paid on Instagram in the following ways: Creating sponsored posts for brands that want to get in front of your audience. Becoming an affiliate and making a commission selling other brands' products. Creating and selling a physical or digital product or offering a paid service.


Students With Drinking Problems Think They Can't Cope, UF Research Shows
November 20, 1997
"We were interested in finding why drinking becomes a problem for some students," said Jon Kassel, a clinical psychologist in UF's College of Health Professions.
"We found answers to 'ability to cope' questions to be better predictors of problem drinking than other important information, such as whether the person is depressed or anxious, and as good a predictor as knowing how much alcohol a person consumes," he said.
Kassel presented his findings Friday at the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy conference in Miami.
Despite legal restrictions, alcohol flows freely through the college social scene. For many students, it poses few problems: They have a beer now and then but still complete school work, get along well with friends and family and don't drive drunk. But for other students, alcohol spells trouble: They skip classes because they are hung over; they avoid people who criticize their drinking; they get into fights or get arrested.
In the UF research, 100 students from an introductory psychology class filled out questionnaires designed to reveal how they coped with difficulties, whether they expected their efforts to control their mood would be successful and whether they were problem drinkers or suffered from anxiety or depression. All of the students acknowledged having had at least one alcoholic drink during the two months before filling out their final questionnaires.
Kassel, an assistant professor of clinical and health psychology, and two UF graduate students, Shannon Jackson and Marina Unrod, used statistical techniques to determine which factors were related to problem drinking.
"Previous research has shown that people use drugs or alcohol when they do not have more effective ways of coping with problems," Kassel said. "But nobody has looked at it from this angle: Does a person's perception of his ability to cope play a role in problem drinking?
"What we found is that people who had low expectations of being able to handle bad moods or situations were more prone to having problems with alcohol," Kassel said.
Kassel suggests problem drinkers should be taught new coping strategies, such as how to meet problems head-on rather than ignore them and how to enlist the support of friends and family. "But they also need to believe these ways will be effective," he said. "In other words, you might have the ability to cope, but if you don't believe it works, you might turn to alcohol instead."
Kassel said it would take more research to determine whether problem drinkers in the general population also believe they cannot cope well with problems.
"College students sometimes behave differently than the world around them, but I suspect we would have similar findings if we surveyed a cross-section of the public," he said.
(For more information contact Victoria White, Health Science Center Communications, 352/_PHONE_ or E-mail: )
University of Florida
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Alcohol use changed right after COVID-19 lockdown
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New alcohol genes uncovered
Do you have what is known as problematic alcohol use?
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Alcohol-induced deaths in US


Delos Aerospace is Inventing the Future of Aviation Now
Delos Aerospace has invented an advanced magnetic braking and ground maneuvering system for aircraft that replaces the current friction based braking system with in-wheel motor/generators eliminating the need to run the main engines or use of tugs for ground maneuvers, eliminating fuel burn currently required for ground maneuvering of aircraft wherein our innovative green technology makes it possible for aircraft to conduct ground movement with greater efficiency, economy, maneuverability, and safety with input from the flight deck under the pilots command and control for more effective braking and ground maneuvering of aircraft.
During landing events the landing gear tires are pre-spun to match the relative ground speed thus eliminating the sliding friction tire wear that generates particulate pollution, which is ingested by the following aircraft affecting the clean performance of the engines and eliminates the depositing of reverted rubber onto the runway which reduces the available friction coefficient when braking in rainy weather conditions.
At touchdown the in-wheel motor is converted into a generator thus converting the kinetic energy of the aircraft into electrical power that is stored onboard the aircraft that can be used by the aircraft to power the in-wheel motor/generators or other systems.
There is noise and jet blast or prop wash associated with the use of main engines for taxiing and noxious emissions that directly impact human health and safety. Moreover, taxiing with engines results in wasted fuel burn and shortens the flight life of the main engines and increases the possibility of FOD.
slow towing and pushing speeds and lack of maneuverability of tugs can cause delays in aircraft movement of + 5 to 10 min per movement along with the fact that the tug driver is controlling the push back or towing of the aircraft leaving the pilot of the aircraft without control as to movement that can prove to be dangerous, which can cause excessive wear and/or damage to the aircraft and/or tug.
The global impact of our green technology will be to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions making air travel a lower carbon foot print means of travel
Web Hosting Companies


Green Police Becomes A Reality In Cleveland
Posted on Sat 08/28/2010 by
By Nicolas Loris
Remember Audi's absurd "Green Police" Super Bowl commercial where green cops arrest citizens for using plastic bags, plastic water bottles and sort through the community's trash cans to ensure they're recycling?
Well, the absurdity is about to hit the streets of Cleveland. reports:
The high-tech collection system is an expansion of a 15,000-resident pilot program that commenced in 2007. Proponents of the program argue that not only is the $2.5 million program good for the environment, but because the city will collect revenue from the fines and from recycled goods, the trash police will eventually raise revenue. The article mentions that the city pays $30 per ton to place garbage in a landfill but would receive $26 per ton for recycling goods. We know that the city will pass the costs onto the consumer, but the article makes no mention of whether residents will reap any savings benefits.
Much more problematic is the intrusion onto individual liberties. Like much of the "Green Police" commercial—and the environmentalist movement as a whole—the goal is to change human behavior. But a recent Rasmussen survey "shows that only 17% of adults believe most Americans would be willing to make major cutbacks in their lifestyle in order to help save the environment. Most (65%) say that's not the case."
Skeptics of catastrophic temperature increases compare belief in global warming to a religion, saying that alarmists base their views on faith much more than concrete science. This could have significant consequences if Congress enacts cap-and-trade legislation or other policies that aim to increase Americans' energy bills. The goal, of course, is to force consumers to use less energy.
We should allow for choice and respect the choices of others. If someone chooses not to drink bottled water because they believe it is bad for the environment, so be it. (Interestingly, the environmentalist push that tap water is unsafe led to the rise of bottled water.) Those who choose to drink tap water should respect the preference of those who enjoy bottled. Conflicts will certainly arise among people with different preferences, but to advocate that one is morally right and one is morally wrong is objectionable.
Read more informative articles at Heritage – The Foundry


Sticky Tape: The Final Chapter
I realize people are getting sick of reading me talk about this charged-tape business, which has run to one, two, three, four posts at this point. Truth be told, I'm losing enthusiasm for it myself. So this will be the final post, at least for now…
As I mentioned on Twitter, as I type this stuff up for the blog, I've toyed with the idea of hanging onto it instead, and writing it up for The American Journal of Physics or The Physics Teacher, so I could get a little professional credit for it. There are two problems with that (other than that some stick-in-the-mud editor or reviewer might regard these posts as prior publication: one, that I don't have time, and two, that I can never quite wrap everything up.
The last thing that occurred to me as something to do with this and my toy model of the system was to validate the atomic physics measurement I did with this, by simulating the behavior of charged tape interacting with an uncharged tape. This is a pretty straightforward modification of the VPython code I had (I decided not to be hard core and calculate the field at the uncharged object, and use that to get a polarization, and then a force, but just stuck in the equation for the polarization force). This works very nicely, and behaves just like you would expect:
Simulated results for charged tapes, using the toy model to simulate the force between a charged tape and an uncharged but polarizable one.
There are two curves in this, one showing the scaled results of the pendulum and toy models for the case with both tapes charged, and the other showing the scaled results for the charged-neutral toy model. Both of these show universal tipping point behavior, but the charged-neutral system "tips" much more rapidly, and settles at a smaller equilibrium distance.
That's exactly what you expect for this system, given the mathematical expressions for the forces. With both objects charged, the force drops off as the square of the separation– doubling the separation decreases the force by a factor of 4– while the charged-neutral case drops off as the fifth power– doubling the separation decreases the force by a factor of 32. That means you need to get much closer to see a significant attraction, but also makes the "tipping point" behavior sharper, because the room for error is smaller.
Given these results, then, I decided to check what I did in that atomic physics post, and see if I could extract the polarization I put into the code by comparing the tipping points. Using the same procedure as that earlier post, I got a value of 1.4 \times 10^{-17} for the polarizability. The problem is, the number in the code is 3 \times 10^{-18}, a factor of 4.5 smaller.
So, I thought maybe the problem is that I need to compare the equilibrium positions, not the initial separation. That's a slightly different calculation, which I won't grind through here, but when I do it out, I get 1.25 \times 10^{-19}, a factor of 20 too small.
So there's something wrong here, either with my code, or the analysis of getting a polarizability out of this method. And chasing that down is going to be fiddly and annoying. But the polarizability thing is probably the coolest aspect of this whole business, so I would need to understand that if I were going to write this up for a more formal outlet. Thus, this will probably stay on the blog.
Then again, we're short of projects for summer students, as two of our most research-active faculty are on sabbatical and not taking any students, so maybe I could put somebody on this and make it their job to figure out what idiotic error I made in setting up the code for the simulation…
 1. #1 neico
 January 24, 2014
 One thing I would like to know is why does the tape pick up charges when peeled of? What relevant physics is at work here?
 2. #2 Chad Orzel
 January 25, 2014
 I suspect it's chemistry, actually. Something to do with the electron affinities of the molecules in the adhesive, etc.. I know that the best results come with the "invisible" tape that's sort of translucent– the clear stuff doesn't work well at all. It also depends on the surface you're pulling it off of– when we do this in lab, we have students put down a "base" tape and put everything else on top of that, so we know what we're dealing with. There's some variability in what happens to that base tape when you pull it up, that may depend on whether it's on a wood lab table or the formica counter.


text:
Yellowing, dead needles on southwest Colorado's ponderosa pines may not be related to bark beetles activity or tree disease, but instead simply a sign of changing seasons.
Bark beetle activity around the state has heightened landowners' awareness of the trees around them. It also has increased the number of calls the Colorado State Forest Service Durango District receives from concerned citizens about their trees, including yellowing ponderosa pines.
Landowners tend to be more concerned about changes in their trees when there has been an ongoing insect or disease outbreak. Fortunately, the yellow, dying needles they see on their ponderosa pines in September and October is likely part of a normal cycle.
Every autumn, many Colorado evergreen tree species shed some of their older, interior needles as part of an annual growth cycle. Needles closest to the trunk are most commonly shed, but trees stressed due to drought or root damage may shed more needles to keep the tree in balance with its root system. Soon-to-be shed needles typically turn yellow first, then a reddish-brown color before dropping off; very small branches with few needles on them also may die.
By comparison, when a ponderosa pine is infested by bark beetles, needles throughout the entire tree often turn an off-shade of green at first, eventually becoming red by the following summer. Gartner says that in addition to changing needle color, bark beetle-infested trees also will show additional signs of attack, such as fine sawdust at the base of the tree.
This discoloration and loss of pine needles in the fall is often called "needle cast,""but the term"actually refers to a fungal disease of spruce-fir trees.
For more information about tree and forest health, contact the CSFS Durango District at247-5250 or visit csfs.colostate.edu.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The curly hair tarantula is a common name most often attributed to Tliltocatl albopilosus (formerly known as Brachypelma albopilosum), a dark-colored tarantula with thick, bristly hair covering its legs and the majority of its body. Although all species of tarantulas do have hair, the contrast of the lighter colored hairs and the distinct curl gives the curly hair tarantula a rather unique appearance. They are a calm, ground-dwelling, beautiful spider, and like many other tarantulas in the genus Brachypelma, curly hair tarantula care is relatively simple — perfect for those newly interested in joining the hobby of tarantula keeping.
Get to Know the Curly Hair Tarantula
The curly hair tarantula is native to both Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It is a terrestrial species often found at the bases of tree trunks, near rivers and inside the holes and dens left behind by rodents or other small animals. In the wild, they are listed as "near-threatened," with the greatest threat being habitat loss, as they are very rarely imported in this current day. Almost all of the curly hair tarantulas available in the pet trade come from captive breeding efforts, both from private and well-known keepers across the world.
The curly hair tarantula is considered average size among tarantulas, with a leg span of about 5½ inches. The females tend to live between 8 to 10 years in captivity, while males only live to be around 4 years-old or so.
Behavior & Temperament
The curly hair tarantula is docile species, which makes it a personal favorite among those who enjoy handling their spiders. As a New World tarantula, the curly hair is more likely to kick off some of the thick urticating (stinging) hairs from its abdomen as opposed to delivering a bite. Despite the term, these are not actually "hairs." It is a misnomer; only mammals possess true hairs. They are actually fine, bony extensions from the spider's exoskeleton that possess a mild toxin that can cause irritation if exposed to the skin. Because this is one of the animal's primary defense mechanisms, they can sometimes develop a bald spot on their abdominal area due to repeated kicking. However, the "hairs" will be replenished after the next molt.
The curly hair tarantula possesses venom and the capacity to bite if it feels threatened, as do all tarantulas. The pain has been described as similar to that of a bee sting, but if you are known to be severely allergic to bees, you should be extremely cautious when handling your tarantula.
For an adult curly hair tarantula, a secure enclosure with the floor space roughly the size of a 10-gallon aquarium is more than adequate. Since tarantulas are a terrestrial species, horizontal space is always more important than height, as too high of an enclosure can result in falls and unnecessary harm to your animal. Unlike many other species, the curly hair tarantula can often be seen out and about inside its enclosure.
It is still absolutely vital to provide your tarantula with areas to hide, such as bark, wood pieces or even small pots. If given enough substrate, the curly hair tarantula will burrow, lining the outer area and the inner walls with its silk to create a home for itself. The suggested depth of bedding for the curly hair tarantula is about 3 to 4 inches. They are known to "redecorate" their enclosure, and can be spotted many times moving clumps of dirt and décor to their liking. Plastic or acrylic enclosures are better at keeping both consistent humidity and temperature levels, however some minor modifications can be made to a glass enclosure to reach these requirements as well.
For proper curly hair tarantula care, the humidity should be somewhere between 60 and 70 percent, which can easily be achieved by keeping a proper mix of substrate and a small water dish. A good mix of pesticide-free potting soil, vermiculite and sphagnum moss can help keep your humidity inside the enclosure at proper levels. When watering your curly hair, a little bit of spillover to allow just enough moisture to soak into the substrate is ideal, but the idea is to not moisten the area so much that the substrate is constantly wet. Too much humidity will stress your tarantula. Additionally, if you are unsure about the humidity levels, purchase a hygrometer as well as a temperature gauge to monitor both your temperatures and humidity levels.
Ideally, this species needs a temperature range between 75 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. This can be achieved either by keeping the room where your curly hair tarantula lives warm, or by adding a heat mat to the side or bottom of the enclosure. Be careful to monitor the heat so it doesn't get too hot for your tarantula, and always offer a cool side of the enclosure in the event that it gets too warm for your pet.
Spot cleaning is about all the cleaning necessary for most tarantulas, with the occasional deep cleaning every six months or so if deemed necessary by the keeper. Remove discarded or uneaten food immediately to prevent mold as well as unwanted pests such as gnats.
Curly Hair Tarantula Diet
Curly hair tarantulas aren't known to be picky eaters, as they are opportunistic feeders in the wild. In their native range, anything small enough to be overpowered by the tarantula is fair game. However, in captivity, it is important to take certain precautions when preparing the curly hair tarantula diet. Offering appropriate-sized feeders is important to reduce the risk of injuries that could be sustained during the feeding process.
Dubia roaches, mealworms, live crickets and other insects are almost all easily obtainable curly hair tarantula food that can be found at many pet stores. Offering a variety of feeder insects for curly hair tarantulas ensures that they get the proper nutrients, as does making sure that your feeders are "gut-loaded" — if they are fed well, your pet is fed well, too. A small pinky mouse can be offered as a treat, but many keepers advise against feeding your tarantulas things that are very high in calcium. Never offer your curly hair tarantula insects or any sort of small feeder from outside. This poses a danger to your pet, as the outside insects could be loaded with internal parasites as well as potentially deadly pesticides.
Most hydration is obtained through the feeding process, however, offering a small, shallow water dish, even something as small as a bottle cap, provides your pet with the option to drink if necessary. Be sure to keep the water dish clean, as it's not uncommon for a curly hair tarantula to move its water dish (if small enough) or fill it up with debris during another redecorating session.
If you notice that your tarantula is slowing down, refusing to eat or hiding more than usual, do not be alarmed right away! It could very well be entering the somewhat lengthy process of a molt, where it will grow and shed its entire exoskeleton. You may come home and think you see two tarantulas in the enclosure, but the second one will be the molt, which will need to be removed. A knowledgeable keeper can even determine the sex of a tarantula through its molt, and some simply like to keep the molted skin as a keepsake. Regardless of what you choose to do, if you notice that your curly hair tarantula appears to be molting, remove any live feeders and keep your tarantula's water dish filled. The humidity helps with this process, as too dry of an environment could be this species' demise.
Molting slows down exponentially as the spider matures, sometimes as infrequently as once a year for mature females, or even not at all for mature males. If you notice your curly hair tarantula on its back with its legs up, this is the beginning of the molting process. However, if you see that your tarantula is sitting with its legs tucked under itself, lethargic, or if it has a shrunken and poor looking abdomen, you should seek the help of an exotics veterinarian or experienced keeper to properly diagnose your tarantula's condition.
Keep Your Curly Hair Tarantula Healthy and Happy. Feed It Nutritious TopFlight Dubia Roaches
TopFlight Dubia sells high-quality dubia roaches for curly hair tarantula care. Whether you need large quantities or smaller orders, we offer a variety of options, including 3/16" - 1/4" dubia roaches, to ensure your curly hair tarantula diet is healthy and nutritions for your pet. Shop TopFlight Dubia today!
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text:
Oct. 16, 2012 A scientist at the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt has discovered a harvestman with a leg span of more than 33 centimetres. The creature found during a research trip to Laos is one of the largest representatives of the entire order worldwide. Experts have so far failed to properly identify it to species level.
The reason Dr. Peter Jäger from the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt (Germany) originally flew to Laos in April was to film a major TV production. "In between takes I collected spiders from the caves in the southern province of Khammouan," the Frankfurt arachnologist explains. In doing so, he made a sensational discovery. "In one of the caves I discovered a harvestman that was absolutely huge." The leg span of the gigantic male harvestman was more than 33 centimetres and therefore one of the world's largest. The current record is just over 34 centimetres leg span for a species from South America.
Initially the discovery lay hidden among other organisms and was only recognised as unique when sorted and labelled. "In attempting to categorise the creature properly, however, and give it a scientific name, I soon reached my limits," says Jäger. The Frankfurt scientist deals mainly with huntsman spiders -- harvestmen are not his particular field. Even the specialist he consulted, Ana Lucia Tourinho from the National Institute for Research of the Amazon (INPA) in Manaus, Brazil, who is currently a visiting academic at the Senckenberg Arachnology lab, could only conclude that it is probably the genus Gagrella in the Sclerosomatidae family.
"It's a shame we can't identify such an exceptional discovery correctly, i.e. its species," says Jäger, "we haven't dealt with these and related genera from China and neighbouring South East Asia before. Specialists are also unavailable due to the fact that descriptive taxonomy is no longer the main focus of research funding"
As such, the harvestmen of the Sclerosomatidae family have invaluable potential. Specimens can be found in virtually every habitat and they constitute an ecologically very important predator group in the natural food chain.
They could serve as an indicator of the ecological state of the natural and cultural scenery. These long-legged creatures are also of interest to behavioural scientists and evolutionary biologists. For example, during courtship the male presents a nuptial gift to the female, which is intended to demonstrate his fitness. Only when the female accepts it do they mate.
The Senckenberg arachnologist would now like to investigate the Sclerosomatidae family in a detailed case study using conventional and molecular methods along with his Brazilian colleague and in collaboration with other scientists in Germany, China and Japan. The findings should then be applicable to other groups and regions. "We want to avoid a situation in future where we again lack the experts to classify such unique creatures," says Jäger.
Meanwhile, Laos has turned out to be a veritable land of giants. Other arthropods with similar huge dimensions have been found in the same region -- the Laotian huntsman spider Heteropoda maxima with a leg span of up to 30 centimetres, the whip scorpion Typopeltis magnificus with a span of 26 centimetres and the predatory centipede Thereuopoda longicornis with a total span of almost 40 centimetres.
All these organisms are more or less closely linked to caves in these karst areas. "What mechanisms or factors are responsible for this frequency of gigantism is still unclear," says Jäger. One possible explanation is the potentially slower rate of growth in the caves. But the only thing that seems certain is that there is a limit to growth -- either due to the lack of oxygen supply to the long appendages or because when fleeing or catching prey long legs can no longer be moved quickly enough.
Whatever the case, Laos offers enough potential to discover great things!
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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Is there some form of a lock that I could use?
Maybe something using doors and watersource...
share|improve this question
possible duplicate of How do you create a waterfall elevator? – badp Dec 15 '10 at 17:11
I don't think this qualifies as a duplicate question. The answer is the same, yes, but that closing it for that reason is like closing "what is 2 + 2?" as a duplicate of "What is 1 + 3?". – Raven Dreamer Dec 15 '10 at 18:02
If you don't mind modding, the finite liquid mod might allow you to construct a real water lock with pistons (or doors?) – Zommuter Aug 24 '13 at 7:15
2 Answers 2
up vote 24 down vote accepted
Current as of Retail 1.1
Okay so the key mechanic that broke the traditional waterfall elevator was that boats no longer travel upward in a waterfall. However, boats will move rapidly upward in source blocks.
So what is a source block? A source block (also known as "still water") is water that is created during map creation or placed with a bucket. Water that "flows" from this block is informally known as moving water. So in order to create a modern boat elevator, we need to create a shaft of only source blocks.
Here is my construction.
1: I created a canal with a glass wall and an "entranceway" fitted with signs. These signs prevent water from flowing past them but still allow boats through.
enter image description here
2: I build up a second layer of glass walls around my new shaft. Then I flood this layer with water. Note that I have to fill each of the four blocks in this layer of the shaft with water from the bucket - these are now all source blocks. Notice how none of them are moving. If the water is moving, you need to add more hits from your bucket.
enter image description here
3: I keep adding glass layers and each time I do, I add a layer of source water.
enter image description here
4: Here I've added a spillway at the top where the boat can float after it has risen up the shaft.
enter image description here
You can download this world here:
share|improve this answer
There is much win in this post. – Kenneth Posey Feb 1 '12 at 1:18
This applies to versions before Beta 1.6.4
share|improve this answer
Water won't pass through doors, open or closed. So your lock system would end up being more of a dam. – ElfSlice May 4 '11 at 0:27
_USER_ - "water cannot pass through doors". How does that disagree with your comment? – Raven Dreamer May 4 '11 at 0:36
_USER_ > I'm just not sure how you were planning to rig up a lock system using doors. :P – ElfSlice May 4 '11 at 1:13
_USER_ - you can easily get your boat's momentum high enough that you can travel through the air block without stopping. Same idea where you can put a switch (or other non-minecart track block) in the path of your minecart and still have it complete its circuit. – Raven Dreamer May 4 '11 at 2:28
_USER_ - honestly, I was only speaking from a "getting out" perspective. I haven't tried re-docking, as it were. – Raven Dreamer May 4 '11 at 4:39
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Kinloch, Missouri facts for kids
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Quick facts for kids
Kinloch, Missouri
Kinloch Park
Kinloch Park
St. Louis County Missouri Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Kinloch Highlighted.svg
Country United States
State Missouri
County St. Louis
Founded Nov 17th 1890
 - Total 0.73 sq mi (1.89 km2)
 - Land 0.73 sq mi (1.89 km2)
 - Water 0 sq mi (0 km2)
607 ft (185 m)
 - Total 1,000
 - Estimate
 - Density 408.2/sq mi (157.6/km2)
Time zone UTC-6 (Central (CST))
 - Summer (DST) UTC-5 (CDT)
FIPS code 29-38972
GNIS feature ID _PHONE_
Kinloch is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 299 as of the 2010 census.
The current city of Kinloch grew up around Kinloch Park, a commuter suburb first developed in the 1890s.
A Mrs. "B" and her husband are thought to be the first black family to purchase a home in Kinloch Park. As soon as the neighbors discovered the new owners were black they sold their properties, and new sales to permanent white residents of south Kinloch Park ceased. In a few years, more than 30 black families had bought into a six-block area that became called South Kinloch Park.
Kinloch, as an African American community, developed out of a land purchase model similar to the Brooklyn, Illinois model. Since it was not legal to sell directly to blacks, the Olive Street Terrace Realty Corporation sold the parcels to whites for an average price of $150. The new owners then sold the plots to blacks for an average of $350. This allowed the company to use the white people's loans as collateral for further bank notes. To get white investors, the company circulated testimonials of investors who paid in $50 towards a parcel and received returns of $500 to $1000 on the investment. In an advertisement to the Argus, Olive Street Terrace Realty said, "The good colored people of South Kinloch Park have built themselves a little city of which they have a right to be proud. More than a hundred homes, three churches and a splendid public school have been built in a few years."
The Kinloch Park development had a horse-racing facility called Kinloch Track. When Missouri outlawed the sport, the grounds were taken over by Kinloch Airfield, which saw some historic flights. The Aero Club of Saint Louis hosted the first international air meet in October 1910, where Theodore Roosevelt became the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. Pilot Arch Hoxsey flew the president around for over three minutes in one of the Wright Brothers' six planes they had brought in.
The Kinloch Airfield saw the first control tower, the first meal served on a flight, the first airmail shipped, the first parachute jump, the first aerial photo and the first animal airlifted. Albert Bond Lambert, the first person in the Saint Louis area to receive a pilot's license, and fellow members of the Aero Club leased the field in 1920 and renamed it the Lambert-St. Louis Flying Field in 1923. Two years later, Lambert purchased the field outright; on February 7, 1928, he sold it to the city of Saint Louis at cost, allowing it to become the first city-operated airport and the precursor of today's Lambert-St. Louis International Airport.
Kinloch was home to the 198th chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association UNIA, which fostered black-owned businesses in the area. The chapter chairman was Elijah Woodson.
In 1902, the white residents of Kinloch Park decided to withdraw from the neighboring Ferguson school district and built the Nuroad school for whites. Their two-room school was given to black students, who were using the 1885 Vernon schoolhouse built for the children of the servants to the whites in Kinloch. In 1913, the Dunbar Elementary school, named after Paul Lawrence Dunbar, was established for the black children of South Kinloch. Still segregated when it closed in 1975, it holds the record as the longest-operated school for blacks only.
In 1924, Kinloch became the first community in Missouri to elect a black man to its school board: the Reverend Walter Johnson, who later became a vocal critic of Kinloch's refusal to build a high school for its black students.
In 1925, on Christmas Day, Holy Angels Parish was opened.
Another Vernon School opened in 1927 to educate the black students of Kinloch and west Ferguson. Although the U.S. Supreme Court had ordered desegregation in 1954, the school remained segregated until it closed in 1967. Even though the Kinloch schools remained segregated, the Kinloch students took part in a court-ordered busing program to desegregate other school districts.
In 1931, Holy Angels Parish opened Our Lady of the Angels Elementary School. Both the church and school were open until 2002, making it the oldest continuing black parish in the St. Louis Archdiocese.
In 1938, South Kinloch was poised to elect a second black board member, with a district that was 543 black students to 349 whites. This was when the white north put on the ballot an attempt to split the school district. This third attempt to divide the district by the protesting and minority whites who attended Nuroad School ended in failure, with 415 unanimous votes against in the black south and 215 unanimous votes for in the white north. This led to the foundation of a new municipality called Berkeley, which included all of North Kinloch Park plus land to the northwest and which formed a new school district. South Kinloch Park became Kinloch.
One all-but-forgotten element in Kinloch's success was the electric streetcar line which ran through it to Florissant. Later the line was cut back to just north of Airport Road in Berkeley. At Kinloch, near the beginning of the 1900s, a branch had been constructed to downtown Ferguson, connecting at what was known as various times as Ramona Junction and Ferguson Junction. This clean, economic and efficient transportation gave Kinloch residents the ability to travel with ease to jobs both in the City of St. Louis and the northwestern suburbs. At the Wellston Loop, the line connected with numerous other streetcar and bus lines, giving Kinloch residents a reliable way to get to downtown St. Louis, the suburbs of University City, Clayton, Brentwood, Kirkwood, Webster Groves all the communities along St. Charles Rock Road west to St. Charles, Missouri. Many white people became acquainted with Kinloch as they passed through the area on their streetcar journeys. The substation at the junction of the Berkeley and Ferguson branches still sits on the east side of Hanley Road opposite Suburban Avenue, which had been the streetcar right-of-way into Ferguson. Interestingly, in a heavy segregated culture, black and white rode the streetcars as equals. Anyone could sit wherever anyone wanted and it was not unusual for blacks and whites who otherwise would never have known each other to strike up conversations. In summer streetcar riders always commented on the tantalizing smoky breeze of barbecuing at the Kinloch stop, where the trolleys to Ferguson paused on a graceful, wide curve.
Decline and revitalization efforts
Kinloch, Missouri
Kinloch, Missouri in 2017.
In the 1980s, the City of St. Louis began to buy out property in Kinloch as part of a noise-abatement program for Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. Eventually, the airport took the vast majority of private homes in Kinloch. Between 1990 and 2000, Kinloch lost more than 75 percent of its population. The social and economic effects of this buyout were disastrous for the community.
Kinloch became an increasingly violent and dangerous place to live, infested with drugs and crime. The police department faced numerous investigations, and over a 20-year period a number of officers were arrested on corruption charges. In September 2002, St. Louis County police chief Ron Battelle directed his department to take control of law enforcement in Kinloch. The city's population had dwindled to 449, and there was talk of disincorporation, which was renewed in 2011, when Mayor Keith Conway faced federal charges for using city funds to pay for personal expenses, including a vacation home in Florida.
In recent years, there have been efforts to rebuild the city. Faith Beyond Walls, a community service organization, has been instrumental in mobilizing volunteers to assist with these efforts. The county police presence remains, though Kinloch continues to operate its own police department, and city officials say it is nearly ready to stand on its own.
The City of St. Louis, St. Louis County, Kinloch, Berkeley and Ferguson reached agreement on a redevelopment plan for 600 acres (2.4 km2) of land on the northeast corner of I-70 and I-170, along the eastern edge of the airport. Years ago, this land was part of the airport buyout. The redevelopment will offer office,


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The aim of the studywas to evaluate lung function among patients who underwent Nuss Procedure. The analysis included spirometric evaluation of the lung function before Nuss Procedure, during perioperative period and after removing steel bars from behind the sternum.
Material and methods.The study group involved patients operated on the pectus excavatum in the Department of Thoracic Surgery in Poznań in years 2002-2004. The study group consisted of 44 patients (5 females and 39 males). Aged between 10 to 32 years old, the mean age was 16. The following spirometric parameters were analysed: vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), FEV1/VC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow for 25% (FEF25), 50% (FEF50) and 75% FVC (FEF75).
Results.The values of the FVC, FEV1, FEF25, and FEV1/VC ratio in the study group were significantly higher in the postoperative period in comparison with the preoperative period. There was a statistically significant correlation between the improvement in spirometric parameters after Nuss Procedure and the impairment of spirometric values in preoperative period. There were no statistical differences between the value of initial chest deformation and spirometric parameters improvement. There were also no statistically significant correlations between age, height and weight of the patient in the study group and spirometric values improvement.
Conclusion.There is a statistical improvement in lung function in patients who underwent Nuss Procedure. The improvement in spirometric parameters correlates with the impairment of spirometric values in the preoperative period.
Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:
SYNAT - "Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information".

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Aeromedical Causes of Accident Errors among Pilots and Aircraft Engineers in Nigeria
rrors in the aviation industry are considered among experts as major factors that cause accidents and incidents. This paper examines the aeromedical factors that account for incident or accident errors among pilots and aircraft engineers in Nigeria. The paper made use of data collected by administering questionnaires to randomly sampled respondents. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered to both pilots and aircraft engineers. Data were analysed using a combination of factor and multiple regression analyses. The extracted variables after factor rotation show that general health (78.20%) is the most significant cause of errors among air craft engineers. As regards pilots, disorientation (79.20%) was found as the most critical aeromedical cause of errors. The results of the multiple regression analysis show R = 0.651 for aircraft engineers and R = 0.607 for pilots. These findings reveal that aviation accidents and incidents arising from errors could be traceable to these aeromedical factors. The paper recommends that stringent enforcement of aeromedical conditions should be added to the licensing and recertification guidelines for aviation professionals so that accidents and incidents traceable to errors can be reduced to the barest minimum in the Nigeria aviation industry.


Question: Can Worms Eat Potatoes?
Do worms like banana peels?
They'll make short work of what otherwise would have taken up space in your trash.
To make food easier for the worms to consume it is good to chop or puree it..
Do worms like coffee grounds?
Soil-borne bacteria and fungi break down the various chemical components of coffee grounds after several months. Earthworms are also able to use this food source. Earthworms consume coffee grounds and deposit them deep in soil. This may account for noted improvements in soil structure such as increased aggregation.
Do worms eat carrots?
Carrots are a good worm food but you have to consider that worms don't feed on materials that are fresh so the carrots and any other organic material that you add to your worm farm has to start to decompose to enable the worms to feed on it.
Do worms eat egg shells?
Worms will swallow eggshell powder to add grit. Since Red Wigglers don't have teeth, they need a bit of grit to help break down the food scraps. Eggshells are perfect for this.
What should you not put in a worm farm?
What To Not Feed WormsMeats, bones, fat and anything oily or greasy.Dairy products including butter, sour cream, milk, whole eggs (egg shells are ok) and cheese.Canned sauces, peanut butter and other processed food.Citrus foods like lemons, limes and oranges.Onions and garlic.Spicy foods such as hot peppers.More items…•
Do worms like oatmeal?
Aside from animal manure, you can also feed them the following organic wastes: … Starchy food wastes – these can be in the form of bread, oatmeal, and pasta. Bedding materials – the materials that you place inside the worm bin can also be consumed by your red wigglers.
What is the best food for worms?
The Best Worm Foods for Your SoilFruit peelings (not citrus)Melon rinds.Carrots.Coffee grounds.Teabags.Bread.Cereal (unsweetened)Pasta (plain)More items…•
Can worms eat tomatoes?
*Tomatoes are slightly acidic, but worms still seem to like it and will tolerate it just fine in moderation. … Those fruit trimmings can go to your hungry worms and they'll turn your kitchen waste into some of the most rich, nutritional compost you can get your hands on!
Do worms eat bread?
Fruit and vegie scraps, teabags and coffee grounds, crushed eggshells, small amounts of bread or pasta, moist cardboard and newspaper. you're not overfeeding your worms. Uneaten food will begin to smell and attract unwanted pests. … This means you can feed your worm farm a few handfuls every few days.
Do worms eat grass clippings?
What can I use as a worm blanket?
You can use several sections of newspaper soaked in water. Or, use a worm blanket made from jute. Jute worm blankets are all-natural, breathable and just the right thickness to hold in moisture. Some worm bins come with a blanket.
How fast do Worms multiply?
How do you attract worms?
See how to attract worms to the garden! When the frost leaves the ground, the earthworms start moving upward in the soil looking for mates….What a Worm WantsReduce tilling your soil.Leave organic matter on the surface.Add manure and compost.Ditch the chemicals.Use an organic mulch to keep soil moist and cool.
What should you not feed worms?
Do worms eat cucumbers?
One thing to remember is that the worms are not going to eat the food right away. It has to start decomposing a little before they chow down. That might take a day or two for cucumber peelings or melon rinds and a little longer for pumpkin or squash. Here you can see cucumber peelings that are almost all eaten.
Can worms eat cabbage?
Worms tend to avoid plants in the brassica family. Contrary to their reputation, worms are not able to eat anything and everything you put into a worm bin. … Brassicas (cabbage, kale, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, turnips, etc.) and alliums (onions, garlic, shallots, scallions, leeks, chives, etc.)
Do worms eat rice?
Bread, rice, pasta, processed foods – you can add the odd crust or bits of cooked rice off the dinner plate, but don't add lots of starchy foods. Worms don't like them and they may go off or attract pests. … Worms love coffee grounds but mix them with other foods and paper.
Can you put coffee grounds in a worm farm?
Coffee grounds have about the same amount of nitrogen as grass clippings – 2% or so, meaning they heat up quickly when added to compost and help turn the entire pile into a beautiful dark rich soil. They are also very suitable for the worm farm, with those little guys loving used coffee grounds.
Do worms eat hair?
The key point here is that worms eat organic matter. … They will also eat shredded newspaper, egg cartons and cardboard. And while this one always prompts people to screw up their faces, worms will also consume human (and pet) hair and nails.
Are tea bags good for worms?
Tea Bags: Yes! The tea bags will start to break down in the worm bin, and the worms will finish off the contents. The string and paper tab might not break down as quickly. You can rip them off before saving a tea bag.
How do you maintain a worm bed?
Lift up the bedding and underlying material to bring air into the system. Keep your worm bin in an environment with a fairly constant temperature that is neither too hot nor too cold. Never keep your worm bin in an area that receives direct sun exposure, or in an area that will become colder than 5 degrees Celcius.


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A Photo Glimpse of the Congo
As head of the Zoological Society of Milwaukee's Bonobo & Congo Biodiversity Initiative (BCBI), Dr. Gay E. Reinartz spends nearly six months each year in Africa's Democratic Republic of Congo. During her October-December 2009 field season, Dr. Reinartz and the BCBI team visited the Zoological Society's research station, Etate, in Salonga National Park. (Dr. Reinartz kept a field diary about her trip.) They trained new Congolese employees and delivered supplies. Other accomplishments included:
- The BCBI team delivered seeds and farming tools to several local villages neighboring the Salonga National Park for the agriculture cooperative that BCBI started and now helps run. An agriculture consultant who partners with the ZSM checked on the villagers' progress. In addition to rice, beans and manioc (a starch), the villagers will try to grow soybeans in 2010. Growing their own crops helps local residents to avoid poaching animals for food.
- The BCBI team also delivered supplies and provisions for guards who live at Etate year-round.
- Two new BCBI student teachers came to Etate to help teach biomonitoring techniques to park guards. See this for more on the teacher trainees.
- The primary schools at three villages supported by the Zoological Society received textbooks, pencils and other materials. For more on the schools and the farming cooperative, click here.
- Dr. Reinartz and the BCBI team met with a group of parents whose children attend the schools. The parent committee was given money to pay teacher salaries.
- The field team found bonobo nests in the forest. They also discovered poaching camps and evidence of elephant poaching.
Contributors to this slide show were Dr. Gay E. Reinartz (who provided the photos), Shawna Joachim and Julia Kolker.


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Tips for Parents
lend support by listening: being a sounding board for your student
While it's likely that most students will utilize and value their peers' thoughts on these decisions, some will also call home looking for help from parents. It's often easiest and quickest to just offer advice, rather than listening to a student's thought process surrounding the pros and cons of a particular decision. It's also easy to devalue significant influences for them, at times forgetting what it's like to be their age.
Helping Students Make Their Own Decisions
When your student does call home to process a decision, consider asking a lot of questions, rather than answering them. Here are some questions you can ask to help your student come to her own conclusion:
If you can't spend the time to have a detailed conversation right when your student calls, assure him that you want to assist in the decision-making process. Let your student know that it's not a good time (i.e. you are making dinner or ready to head out the door with your student's sibling) and set up another time to chat. Your student will appreciate your honesty and commitment to provide your undivided attention. Plus, you'll be less likely to get agitated and short-tempered, especially if the decision is one with which you might not necessarily agree.
Having these types of conversations also helps the parent/student relationship continue to mature. As students get older and graduate from college, they begin looking to their parents more as peers. Knowing they can come to you for assistance with decisions not only will teach them valuable lessons, but will also continue to forge a meaningful network of family support.
Prepared for our institution by PaperClip Communications, _URL_.
Copyright 2006, 125 Paterson Ave., Little Falls, NJ 07424


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[Nakul], [Nikilesh], and [Nischal] just finished posting about their entry in the 2012 Open 7400 Logic competition. It's an encryption system based entirely on 7400 logic chips. The device operates on 8-bit binary numbers, which limits its real-world applications. But we bet they learned a lot during the development process.
The encryption algorithm is based on a the concept of cellular automaton. This is a something with which we're already familiar having seen many Conway's Game of Life projects around here. What we're not familiar with is this particular wing of the concept called 'Rule 30'. It works well with this project because a complex pattern can be generated from simple beginnings.
After conceptualizing how the system might work the team spent some time transferring the implementation to the chips they had available. The end result is a quartet of chip-packed breadboards and a rat's nets of wires, but the system is capable of both encrypting and decrypting data.


Measurement and Modeling of Phase Equilibria in Systems Containing Water, Xylose, Furfural, and Acetic Acid
 1. Nadia Galeotti
 2. Jakob Burger
 3. Hans Hasse
Date created: | Last Updated:
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Category: Project
Description: Wood hydrolysates obtained in biotechnological processes are typically aqueous solutions that contain, among others, sugars, acetic acid, and furfural. Only little is known on the influence of the sugars on the phase equilibria in those mixtures. Therefore liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE), solid-liquid equilibria (SLE), and solid-liquid-liquid equilibria (SLLE) in the system (water(W) + xylose (X) + furfural (F)) were studied in the present work at 298.15 K and 333.15 K. Additionally, the LLE in the system (W + X + F + acetic acid (AA)) was studied at 298.15 K. The results show that, up to the solubility limit of xylose, adding xylose to mixtures of (W +F) hardly influences the width of the miscibility gap, and that there is practically no xylose in the furfural-rich phase. However, the miscibility gap in the ternary system (W + F + AA) is slightly widened by the addition of xylose. The experimental data on the phase equilibria from the present work were described using the NRTL model. The model describes the experimental data well.
License: CC-By Attribution 4.0 International
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John Keiling (active 1720), Known as 'Blind Jack'; played the flegeolet with his nose
Sitter associated with 1 portrait
After losing his sight John Keiling, known as Blind Jack, ensured his livelihood by learning to play the flageolet. He conceived the notion that by playing on the instrument in a novel way to that generally practised, he should render himself more noticed by the public, and be able to levy larger contributions on their pockets. The manner of Blind Jack's playing the flageolet was by obtruding the mouth-piece of the instrument up one of his nostrils, through practice he could produce as much wind as most others with their lips into the pipe but the continued contortion and gesticulation of his muscles and countenance rendered him an object of derision and disgust, as much as that of charity and commiseration.


Aimé Césaire was born on June 26, 1913 in Basse-Pointe, Martinique. His father, Fernand Elphège, managed a sugar estate, though he was educated as a teacher. His mother, Eléonore, was a seamstress. In order to gain access to better education, his family moved to Martinique's capital, Fort-de-France, where Aimé attended the Lycée Schoelcher. He excelled as a student and was granted a scholarship at age 18 to study in Paris at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, where he met Léopold Senghor. Along with Léon Damas, Césaire's classmate from the Lycée Schoelcher, Césaire and Senghor founded the student publication L'Etudiant noir, a literary review that focused on black literature from Africa and the West Indies. This publication laid the foundation for the "negritude" movement. Césaire began writing his poem "Cahier d'un retour au pays natal" in 1936, and it was first published in 1939.
In 1937, Césaire married his classmate Suzanne Roussi, with whom he ultimately had four sons and two daughters. The two moved back to Martinique with their first son in 1939, and both took jobs teaching at the Lycée Schoelcher. During this time, Césaire was sent to Haiti as a cultural ambassador, and there he lectured on French poetry. He and his wife founded the literary review Tropiques in 1941, which dealt with Martinican identity. Around this time he also became close friends with French surrealist André Breton, who encouraged Césaire to incorporate surrealism into his writing and political spheres. A member of the communist party, Césaire was elected mayor of Fort-de-France and deputy in the French National Assembly in 1945. He helped to draft the 1946 law that began departmentalization of former French colonies. Césaire maintained his position in the communist party until 1956, when the Soviet Union's suppression of the Hungarian revolution led to his leaving the party. In 1958 he founded the Parti Progressiste Matriniquais, or Martinican Progressive Party. He ultimately retired from French politics in 1993, though he remained mayor of Fort-de-France until 2001 (he had held the position since 1945, minus a short period from _PHONE_). Césaire died on April 18, 2008 at the age of 94.
In trying to conceptualize the impact Césaire had on the country and people of Martinique, perhaps it is easiest simply to look at the number of attendees of his funeral procession in Martinique, united in both mourning Aimé's passing and in celebrating his achievements. A short video of a section of the procession can be found by clicking the link below.
Césaire Funeral Procession – Fort-de-France
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Empire and Its Contemporary Legacies


text: I study finite two player normal form games where player 2 (the 'follower') can observe the move of player 1 (the 'leader') by paying a small cost. I characterize the limit set of perfect equilibria of this game as the cost of information converges to zero and provide a simple algorithm for constructing it. Limit equilibria have the following properties: (a) both players choose pure strategies; (b) the follower plays a best response; (c) even though the set of limit equilibria always contains the Stackelberg equilibrium it can contain strategy profiles which are not even Nash equilibria of the normal form game. In fact, the follower will only purchase information in the Stackelberg equilibrium if the Stackelberg equilibrium is not a Nash equilibrium. Similar to Yariv and Solan (2004), the subgame perfect solution concept is therefore not robust to the introduction of small information costs. The Stackelberg equilibrium only reemerges as the unique limit equilibrium if we allow for the possibility that the leader is irrational. I test the theory experimentally using the classic Battle of the Sexes game with information acquisition. I find that subjects coordinate on the Stackelberg equilibrium and purchase information which can only be reconciled with theoretical predictions if it is common knowledge amongst subjects that the leader can be irrational.


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With Halloween approaching, Indigenous students are speaking out against culturally appropriated costumes being marketed in Canada.
Cultural appropriation is the act of taking certain elements of a culture or community of which you do not identify with. This is typically manifested as someone from a dominant group taking from marginalized cultures or communities for artificial or leisurely purposes that undermine the cultural context and significance.
The National Aboriginal Caucus of the Canadian Federation of Students have recently been promoting the _TAG_ campaign. We encourage you to speak up when you see culturally appropriative costumes for sale in stores and of course to avoid purchasing them yourself. The impacts of choosing to buy, make, and wear a culturally appropriative costume are significant, including trivializing violent historical realities and on-going struggles and spreading stereotypes about marginalized communities.


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- Each public school is required to develop a dress code/uniform policy that is clearly defined and which furthers rational and legitimate school objectives.
- Principals are required to implement the regulations starting with the 2009-2010 school year.
- Schools with school uniforms are required to have a uniform bank so non-compliant students may borrow clothing for the day.
- Schools with school uniforms are required to establish a mechanism to accommodate families and students who may require financial assistance in obtaining a uniform.
- Students who are non-compliant because they require financial assistance in obtaining a uniform shall not be subject to corrective or disciplinary action.
Sunday, August 16, 2009
Final rules on dress codes/uniforms for DCPS
The Chancellor of DCPS issued final rules (page 6370) in the August 14 DCR to implement and enforce mandatory uniform policies and to establish rules governing the implementation and enforcement of such policies. Some components of the regulations are:


C. Happy Farm 5
time limit per test
2 seconds
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
standard input
standard output
The Happy Farm 5 creators decided to invent the mechanism of cow grazing. The cows in the game are very slow and they move very slowly, it can even be considered that they stand still. However, carnivores should always be chased off them.
For that a young player Vasya decided to make the shepherd run round the cows along one and the same closed path. It is very important that the cows stayed strictly inside the area limited by the path, as otherwise some cows will sooner or later be eaten. To be absolutely sure in the cows' safety, Vasya wants the path completion time to be minimum.
The new game is launched for different devices, including mobile phones. That's why the developers decided to quit using the arithmetics with the floating decimal point and use only the arithmetics of integers. The cows and the shepherd in the game are represented as points on the plane with integer coordinates. The playing time is modeled by the turns. During every turn the shepherd can either stay where he stands or step in one of eight directions: horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. As the coordinates should always remain integer, then the length of a horizontal and vertical step is equal to 1, and the length of a diagonal step is equal to. The cows do not move. You have to minimize the number of moves the shepherd needs to run round the whole herd.
The first line contains an integer N which represents the number of cows in the herd (1 ≤ N ≤ 105). Each of the next N lines contains two integers Xi and Yi which represent the coordinates of one cow of (|Xi|, |Yi| ≤ 106). Several cows can stand on one point.
Print the single number — the minimum number of moves in the sought path.
1 1
5 1
5 3
1 3
Picture for the example test: The coordinate grid is painted grey, the coordinates axes are painted black, the cows are painted red and the sought route is painted green.


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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2009)|
Bread crumbs or breadcrumbs (regional variants: breading, crispies) are small particles of dry bread, used for breading or crumbing foods, topping casseroles, stuffing poultry, thickening stews, adding inexpensive bulk to meatloaves and similar foods, and making a crisp and crunchy coating for fried foods, especially breaded cutlets like tonkatsu and schnitzel. The Japanese variety of bread crumbs is called panko.
Dry breadcrumbs are made from dry breads which have been baked or toasted to remove most remaining moisture, and may even have a sandy or even powdery texture. Bread crumbs are most easily produced by pulverizing slices of bread in a food processor, using a steel blade to make coarse crumbs, or a grating blade to make fine crumbs. A grater or similar tool will also do.
The breads used to make soft or fresh bread crumbs are not quite as dry, so the crumbs are larger and produce a softer coating, crust, or stuffing. The crumb of bread crumb is also a term that refers to the texture of the soft, inner part of a bread loaf, as distinguished from the crust, or "skin".
Different from croutons
They are not to be confused with croutons, though both are made of dried bread. Croutons are approximately cubic pieces typically 0.5 to 8 cubic centimeters in size while breadcrumbs are irregularly shaped and range in size from roughly 1 to 500 cubic millimeters. Both probably originated as a way to use stale bread and unwanted crust.
Panko (パン粉) is a variety of flaky bread crumb used in Japanese cuisine as a crunchy coating for fried foods, such as tonkatsu. Panko is made from bread baked by passing an electric current through the dough, yielding bread without crusts. It has a crisper, more airy texture than most types of breading found in Western cuisine and resists absorbing oil or grease when fried, resulting in a lighter coating. White panko is made from bread which has had the crusts removed while tan "panko" is made from the whole loaf of bread. Outside Japan, its use is becoming more popular in both Asian and non-Asian dishes: It is often used on fish and seafood and is often available in Asian markets, specialty stores, and, increasingly, in many large supermarkets.
Panko is produced worldwide, particularly in Asian countries, including Japan, Korea, Thailand, China, and Vietnam.In February 2012, the US fast-food chain Wendy's introduced a cod fillet sandwich that they advertised as having a panko breading.
The Japanese first learned to make bread from the Portuguese: The word panko is derived from pão (Portuguese for "bread") and -ko, a Japanese suffix indicating "flour", "crumb", or "powder" (as in komeko, "rice powder", sobako, "buckwheat flour", and komugiko, "wheat flour").
Breading (also known as crumbing) is a dry grain-derived food coating for a piece of food such as meat, vegetable, poultry, fish, shellfish, crustacean, seitan, or textured soy, made from bread crumbs or a breading mixture with seasonings. Breading can also refer to the process of applying a bread-like coating to a food. Breading is well suited for frying as it lends itself to creating a crisp coating around the food. Breading mixtures can be made of breadcrumb, flour, cornmeal, and seasoning that the item to be breaded is dredged in before cooking. If the item to be breaded is too dry for the coating to stick, the item may first be moistened with buttermilk, raw egg, or other liquid.
Breading contrasts with batter, which is a grain-based liquid coating for food that produces a smoother and finer texture, but which can be softer overall.
- "Panko Bread Crumbs: The Secrets Revealed". YouTube. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
- Marshall, Jo (2010-10-05). "COOKCABULARY: Panko is a crumby ingredient - Fall River, MA". The Herald News. Retrieved 2012-11-17.


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There are several factors that determine the evaporation rate of liquid water. This is important to meteorology since the amount of moisture that evaporates into the air leads to changes in the weather. Below are each of these factors and an explanation:
1. Temperature of water: The water molecules move faster as water warms. The faster the molecules move the more easily they can escape the water surface. A warm lake or ocean will evaporate a large amount of moisture. This moisture can be used to generate precipitation.
2. Temperature of air: As the air above the water warms it has the capacity to have a greater amount of moisture evaporated into the air. If the air is cold it is difficult to evaporate a large amount of moisture into the air even when the water is warm. A combination of warm water and warm air will evaporate the most water.
3. Wind speed: A higher wind helps remove moisture that has evaporated from the water. This helps the relative humidity stay unsaturated near the water surface. When the air is saturated the amount of moisture that evaporates into the air is minimized. Higher winds will continue to supply drier air from aloft to the water surface and this allows for a greater amount of evaporation. A higher wind also churns the water (waves, splashing) and this helps lead to a greater surface area in which evaporation can occur from the water surface.
4. Dry air: Dry air will help generate more evaporation especially if the air is warm and dry. There is a higher capacity to evaporate moisture into the air as the air dries. Once the air is saturated then the evaporation rate is minimized. Air with a low relative humidity is optimum for moisture to evaporate into it.
5. Sunlight: Direct sunlight will lead to more evaporation. The direct photons of light increase the motion of the water molecules it strikes giving them a better chance to evaporate.


Where Did Tea Originate?
Do you like tea? To be honest, I love tea. And sometimes I feel like I don't know what I would do without tea! So, where did tea originate? Where do all these famous tea drinking customs come from?
The Origin of Tea
Tea originated in Southwest China and it was first used as a medicinal drink. Later, during the Tang Dynasty, it became popular as a recreational drink and was introduced to other East Asia countries. Soon the Portuguese priests and merchants began introducing it to Europe during the 16th century. By the 17th century tea had become a major part in the British culture, where they started a large scale production and commercialisation in India, to bypass the Chinese monopoly. Soon afterward, tea became a popular drink, specially among elevated social events, where it soon became part of the culture.
Tea in Culture
Amazingly, tea is the second most consumed beverage on Earth, next to water. (So maybe I'm not that crazy drinking 3 to 4 cups of tea each day?) When we hear "tea time", we immediately think of England, right? Well, as you might assume, tea is considered one of United Kingdom's cultural beverages. It is customary for your host to offer you some tea if you dropped in for a visit. In southwest England it is commonly served with scones, clotted cream, and jam. Sign me up for a tea party in England!
Ireland is also one of the main focal points of tea drinking. Although you might think only of beer when you hear "Ireland", tea is largely consumed here. And by largely I mean that most people drink at least four cups of tea daily! The average is four cups daily per person, although some may drink up to six. In Ireland tea is usually served with milk and sugar and it is spicier that most tea in England.
Interestingly, 80% of tea drunk in the Unites States is consumed as iced tea, although tea has been an important part in American culture and history. Remember, taxes on tea began the Boston Tea Party in 1773. After this, tea turned a bit unpatriotic, and coffee became more popular.
We could keep rambling on and on about tea, but I'll finish off by saying that tea is also an important focal point in the cultures of Russia, Turkey, and India.
Tea Bags, Loose Tea?
Before tea bags there was loose tea, which was stored loosely in a canister, paper bag, or other containers such as a tea chest. Until 1907, when American Thomas Sullivan began distributing samples of his tea in small bags of Chinese Silk, tea bags where unheard of. Soon consumers noticed they could leave the tea in the bag and reuse it. However, the potential of this method was not realised until later, after World War II. In the year 1953, when the rationing in the UK ended, Tetley launched the tea bag to the UK where it was an immediate success!
So there you have a short history on tea! Hope you enjoyed.


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This action is used to get a tile index on a given layer. The layer is specified from the layer name given (a string, as used to name the layer in the Room Editor), and then you give an x and y position to find the tile to get the index of. The tile will be the one that the given position falls within in the room, and the index will be returned to the target variable. The x and y position can be flagged as being relative to the position of the calling instance, and the target variable can be flagged as a temporary (local) variable that can be used until the end of the event.
Argument Description Layer The layer to set the tile on x The x position to check y The y position to check Target The target variable to store the tile index
The above action block code checks for a mouse left button press and if one is detected it gets the index of the tile cell that the position of the mouse falls within. This tile index is then checked and if it is not 0, it is set to 0.


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Posted by Rob Camick on November 6, 2008
A layout manager has two main functions:
- determine the preferred size of the container
- layout the components in the container based on the layout rules
The FlowLayout is a strange animal. It does both of these functions. The preferred size of the container assumes all components will be laid out in a single row. The layout code will wrap components to the next row when the maximum width of the container is encountered. However, the problem is that the functions don't talk to one another. When the components are wrapped to a new row, the preferred size doesn't change so you never see the components on the extra row.
What we want is the preferred size to be dynamically calculated as the size of the container is changed. In other words, as the width of the container changes the height will need to be recalculated as well. The WrapLayout extends the FlowLayout to implement this functionality. This will result in synchronizing the preferred size of the container with the layout of the container.
In the following example, the button panel was added to the north of a BorderLayout and the blue panel added to the center. You use the WrapLayout the same as you would use the FlowLayout:
As the frame is resized smaller, the button panel will increase in height and the blue panel will decrease:
When the panel is added to a scroll pane, the size of the scroll pane won't change, but horizontal and vertical scrollbars will appear as required.
The initial preferred size calculation of the layout manager still assumes all components will be displayed on a single row. So if you pack() a frame the preferred width may be excessive. You can limit the width of the container by using:
buttons.setSize(new Dimension(300, 1));
Note, you must use the setSize() method, this will still allow the preferred size to be dynamically changed.


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|an arrangement of five objects, as trees, in a square or rectangle, one at each corner and one in the middle.|
|the offspring of a zebra and a donkey.|
trauma trau·ma (trô'mə, trou'-)
n. pl. trau·mas or trau·ma·ta (-mə-tə)
A serious bodily injury or shock, as from violence or an accident.
An emotional wound or shock that creates substantial lasting damage to one's psychological development, often leading to neurosis.
|trauma (trô'mə, trou'-) Pronunciation Key
Wounds that result from sudden physical injury or violence.
Note: The term is frequently used to describe an emotional shock that causes serious psychological damage.


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What is the Ethereum Difficulty Bomb (Ice Age)?
Ethereum's "Difficulty Bomb" refers to a mechanism that, at a predefined block number, increases the difficulty level of puzzles in the Proof of Work mining algorithm resulting in longer than normal block times (and thus less ETH rewards for miners). This mechanism increases the difficulty exponentially over time and eventually leads to what is referred to as the "Ice Age" - that is, the chain becomes so difficult to mine that it grinds to a halt and stops producing blocks (freezes).
Why the Difficulty Bomb Exists
The Difficulty Bomb was originally put in place for a variety of reasons:
 - To act as a deterrant for miners who wish to continue mining the Ethereum 1.0 (Proof of Work) chain once the network moved fully to the Ethereum 2.0 (Proof of Stake) chain
 - To ensure that the core developers of Ethereum 1.0 are "forced" to upgrade the network via a hard fork (if only to delay the effects of the bomb) so that the network does not stagnate innovation-wise
Technical Details of the Difficulty Bomb
Work in progress.
Effects of the Difficulty Bomb
The effect of the Difficulty Bomb is easily seen in the 'Ethereum Block Time History' chart from Etherscan (you'll notice that it is a step-function that increases block times the longer that it exists on the chain).
ethereum block times
Is the Difficulty Bomb Still Necessary?
There is an open debate as to whether the Difficulty Bomb is still required because Ethereum 2.0 is now being deployed as a seperate blockchain (instead of a direct upgrade to the Ethereum 1.0 chain) and the bomb has been delayed without any fanfare in both the Byzantine and Constantinople network upgrades.


Unit Converter
Conversion formula
1 yr = 8760 hr
To convert 66.7 years into hours we have to multiply 66.7 by the conversion factor in order to get the time amount from years to hours. We can also form a simple proportion to calculate the result:
1 yr → 8760 hr
66.7 yr → T(hr)
Solve the above proportion to obtain the time T in hours:
T(hr) = 66.7 yr × 8760 hr
T(hr) = 584292 hr
The final result is:
66.7 yr → 584292 hr
We conclude that 66.7 years is equivalent to 584292 hours:
66.7 years = 584292 hours
Alternative conversion
We can also convert by utilizing the inverse value of the conversion factor. In this case 1 hour is equal to 1.711473030608E-6 × 66.7 years.
Another way is saying that 66.7 years is equal to 1 ÷ 1.711473030608E-6 hours.
Approximate result
For practical purposes we can round our final result to an approximate numerical value. We can say that sixty-six point seven years is approximately five hundred eighty-four thousand two hundred ninety-two hours:
66.7 yr ≅ 584292 hr
An alternative is also that one hour is approximately zero times sixty-six point seven years.
Conversion table
years to hours chart
years (yr) hours (hr)
67.7 years 593052 hours
68.7 years 601812 hours
69.7 years 610572 hours
70.7 years 619332 hours
71.7 years 628092 hours
72.7 years 636852 hours
73.7 years 645612 hours
74.7 years 654372 hours
75.7 years 663132 hours
76.7 years 671892 hours


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Words containing the letter q
In the spelling of English words, the letter q is always followed by the vowel u, for example:
Note that this rule does not apply to Arabic words such as niqab. See more words containing 'q' without the letter 'u'.
For more spelling peculiarities check out these pages from our Spelling section:
- i before e except after c
- Adding -ful or -fully
- -ize, -ise, or -yse?
- Adding endings to words that end in -our
- Adding endings to words that end in -y
- Adding endings to words that end in a double 'l'
- Verb tenses: adding -ed and -ing
- What words in the English language contain two u's in a row?
Want to test your spelling and language skills? Try our puzzles and games.


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Harvesting clean, reliable energy
Securing reliable, cost effective energy sources is a priority of the Santa Clara Valley Water District. In response to the energy crisis and rolling blackouts in the summer of 2001, the district completed construction of a solar energy project that is providing 20 percent of the campus' energy needs.
The solar array will help cut California's atmospheric pollution by reducing carbon dioxide levels by an estimated 412,699 pounds per year, the equivilent of carbon dioxide produced yearly by 53 cars. In addition, the solar power generated will save taxpayers about $70,000 per year in energy costs and reduce the district's dependence on public utilities.
Solar panels were installed on two carports in the headquarters parking lot, and also on the roof of the Water District's Administration building.


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A Life-Saving Hotline
Ms Elena Buglova was part of the IEC team to respond to Chile's call for assistance, after a construction worker was severely burned by a lost radioactive source. The Centre is a 24-hour contact point for countries dealing with nuclear or radiological emergencies. (Photo: _URL_
Chile, 15 December 2005 -- A construction worker finds a small, shiny, metallic object at a building site in Chile. He puts it in his pocket, and later shows it to a colleague. They take it to their boss. By the end of the day, six others have examined it. By evening, the worker is in hospital, vomiting from radiation poisoning. What he'd found was a powerful, unshielded iridium-192 source. By accident, it had dislodged from equipment where it was used to check for welding flaws in the building under construction. Within days, Chile's radiation and health authorities place an urgent call for help to the IAEA in Vienna. The worker's medical condition had turned for the worse. Who can help?
This story is by no means unique. Venezuela, Thailand, US, Brazil, Georgia, Australia, in fact most countries around the world, have experienced radiological accidents involving lost, stolen, or damaged radioactive sources. Many of them contact the IAEA for specialized support and assistance, through an emergency hotline that's been built up internationally.
"We're lucky the system's in place," says Ms. Elena Buglova, a doctor who specializes in radiation protection. "A quick response can minimize danger to people and contamination of the environment."
Ms. Buglova works with the hotline -- the IAEA Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) -- and was called in to assist Chilean authorities. The Centre has become a 24-hour contact point for notification and support to countries in dealing with nuclear or radiological emergencies, including security-related threats.
"The IEC can leverage global resources and expertise to respond to local accidents anywhere in the world," says the IEC Head, Warren Stern. "In the case in Chile we quickly had a team of top international experts coming from France, Brazil, Argentina and the IAEA on the ground," he said.
"A big part of our job is also to make sure countries are prepared for an emergency ahead of time," Mr. Stern said. Right now, many countries find it hard to handle all the safety or security problems that can arise when radiological or nuclear material is involved, he says, especially injuries demanding specialized care.
Quick Action in Chile
When Chilean authorities called on the IAEA for help, the Centre assembled and dispatched Ms. Buglova and an international team of five more experts within the day. Once in Santiago, the team reconstructed the sequence of events at the construction site to piece the puzzle together: how did the source come to be lying, unshielded, on the ground in the first place? Who might possibly have been exposed to it? What dose of radiation did they receive?
The team examined the patients and advised on the best treatment. For the construction worker who found the source, the fast assessment "helped to save his life," Ms. Buglova said. He had severe radiation burns where the source had rested in his back-pocket, and was flown to a specialized hospital in France for surgery.
Answering Chile's call for help is a key part of the IEC's work, but its raison d'être lies in the rare event of an accident at a nuclear power plant. The Centre was established in the wake of the Chernobyl accident in 1986, when winds swept radioactive materials from the burning reactor over much of Europe. In the absence of timely and verifiable information about the accident, the need for it became paramount. International conventions were drawn-up and adopted within months of the disaster. The IAEA was tasked with new responsibilities, should there ever be a transboundary release of radiation again.
Under the Convention on Early Notification of an Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the IAEA is responsible for gathering, verifying and exchanging official, real-time information among countries, relevant organisations, and the media and public when transboundary consequences might occur. An important part of the task is to provide and coordinate assistance and advice to the affected State, should it request help.
The IEC, based at the IAEA's Vienna headquarters, recently underwent a million dollar upgrade, with financial support from the United States and other countries. A large screen dominates the Centre, where the latest information on any radiation incident or emergency is beamed for all in the room to see.
In an emergency, the Centre shifts from "normal-ready" to "basic-response" to "full-response" depending on the severity of the event. It's a quick transformation into a hive of activity, as phones ring and workstations fill with IAEA specialists from across the house -- from scientists that can calculate possible radioactive fallout patterns and the implications of what a subtle change in wind direction may mean; to experts in nuclear terrorism; and engineers versed in the design and operation of nuclear power plants. Their expertise is pooled, to keep the Centre operational around the clock.
Over the years, the IEC was activated during an accident at a nuclear facility in Tokaimura, Japan (1999) and more recently during an incident at a nuclear power plant in Paks, Hungary (2005). Neither event resulted in a transboundary release of radiation, but they did make international headlines. The IAEA was called in, and fact-finding teams sent to independently assess what went wrong, and offer lessons learnt.
Each year the Centre receives on average, one to two calls for help that are severe enough to swing it to "basic-response" mode, with teams typically sent to the emergency site to assist. Thankfully its "full-response" mode has never needed to be activated. But the readiness for the unexpected, or what was once unimaginable, is the concrete of the IEC's foundations, backed by the best brains on calls from around the world. Mock drills are run to test the IEC capabilities, the most recent exercise lasted 50 hours straight, and involved over 60 countries and seven international organizations.
A good share of the IEC's work also focuses on helping IAEA Member States develop their own emergency plans, train personnel to deal with nuclear and radiation emergencies; and put into place radiation monitoring programmes, procedures and standards.
"A particular priority now is to strengthen arrangements in case of a terrorist attack using nuclear or radioactive materials," says Mr. Stern. "We're working closely with Member States to help them to develop their national response capabilities." See the Photo Essay under Story Resources for more.
-- By Kirstie Hansen, IAEA Division of Public Information


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How does the word saturnine derives! if you care why words derive!
Saturnine might have had originated in the fact that Saturn's Equinoxes are month long darkness (lack of sunshine for weeks altogether) as Saturn tilts away from sun (and toward sun) for 90 degree (Earth's 23.44 degree only)! Thats means parts of sun will get no sun-light for several weeks in the culmination of these Saturnine equinoxes.
So saturnine means a person who is gloomy or melancholic. ( — perhaps at-least for longer duration.)
I learned this because I was playing with words when grammar of my computer showed the word and I checked its meaning, I was although writing about equinox of Saturn, I came to learn this, cool is it?


Machine-generated speech transcriptions are helpful for people that are hard of hearing or individuals who don't understand the spoken language to understand conversations that take place near them. Augmented reality glasses can display speech transcriptions to help users understand such conversations. However, the display of transcriptions can be distracting when the user wearing the AR glasses is herself speaking. This disclosure describes techniques to automatically identify speakers in a conversation and only display live transcriptions of speech from conversation participants other than the person to whom the transcription is being provided. Speakers may be identified using user-permitted factors, e.g., by use of a head-related transfer function (HRTF), biometric voice recognition, or facial feature (e.g., lip movement) recognition.
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


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Definitions for safety factor
safety factor, factor of safety(noun)
the ratio of the breaking stress of a structure to the estimated maximum stress in ordinary use
The ratio of the maximum stress or load which something can withstand to the stress or load which it was designed to withstand under normal operation.
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"safety factor." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 24 May 2013. .


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Dipl.-Ing. Jens Rautenberg receives the Weierstraß-Prize in recognition of his excellent teaching activity as a group leader in the courses of industrial measurement engineering. The quote " Preparation and motivation of the group leader are exemplary", from the students' evaluation, clearly shows why.
His innovative character and practical relevance of his lively and varied tutorials are especially highlighted. Newly developed illustrative objects, measurements and practical examples, as well as exercise portions, which are developed by the students and therefore support their understanding, account for the tutorials of Jens Rautenberg. Always committed and " always friendly with a smile on his lips, he takes the time for his students even outside of his course. Their conclusion: "Jens is great."


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message like this, try changing the words in your grammars/key phrases by splitting up the words or using to similar words, e.g. changing "natlink" to "nat link".
I hope to eventually have words and phoneme strings dynamically added to the current dictionary and language model using the Pocket Sphinx ps_add_word function (from Python of course).
Spoken Language Support¶
There are a only handful of languages with models and dictionaries available from source forge, although it is possible to build your own language model using lmtool or pronunciation dictionary using lextool. There is also a CMU Sphinx tutorial on building language models.
If the language you want to use requires non-ascii characters (e.g. a Cyrillic language), you will need to use Python version 3.4 or higher because of Unicode issues.
Dragonfly Lists and DictLists¶
DictLists function as normal, private
rules for the Pocket Sphinx engine. On updating a dragonfly list or
dictionary, the grammar they are part of will be reloaded. This is because
there is unfortunately no JSGF equivalent for lists.
This isn't a limitation of CMU Pocket Sphinx; text-to-speech is not a project goal for them, although as the natlink and WSR engines both support text-to-speech, there might as well be some suggestions if this functionality is desired, perhaps utilised by a custom dragonfly action.


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Interactivity refers broadly to human-computer musical interaction, or human-human musical interaction that is mediated through a computer, or possibly a series of networked computers that are also interacting with each other. Often, an interactive performance, composition or improvisation will involve the creation or programming of software that will respond to pre-determined aspects of a live performance. The software will then determine other aspects of the music, either generating synthesised sound, or modifying in some way all or some of the 'live' sound.
The behaviour of the computer may be highly determined or indeterminate as defined by the musicians, and may be modified from performance to performance. The exact musical role of the computer may even be modified in real-time during the course of a performance.
Interactive music-making introduces and often utilises notions of virtual instrument, virtual performer, virtual composer, and even virtual listener.
Interactive music-making frequently blurs the conventional distinction between compositional and improvisational activity. Key issues in interactive music making are socialisation, collective authorship, geographical and temporal synchronicity/asynchronicity, and 'distributed activity'.
See also:Emergence, Immersive Environment, Interactive Instruments, Internet Music, Live Electronics, Multimedia
UNESCO DigiArtsIntroduction à l'histoire et à l'esthétique des musiques électroacoustiques: Session 6 - De la musique mixte à l'interactivité ( French )