impact investing
As concern over domestic gun violence grows, Canadians may want to examine their holdings.
Investors, both retail and institutional, can drive change and contribute to a more sustainable world.
The clean money revolution has been quietly unfolding since the 60s and is now showing signs of explosive demand. What's different today? The largest generational transfer of wealth in our history is underway. This estimated $50 trillion dollars of inherited capital can remake the world, even a world dominated by Trump.
In developing countries around the world, small business owners with dreams of doing more for their families and communities find themselves in this impossible situation.
It's been recognized that millennials hunger for meaning and purpose in work and want to make a difference in the world. So businesses need to find solutions to engaging their millennial talent, and one very powerful way to do that is through social enterprise campaigns.


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Kansas City History
Mon May 21, 2012
Reconsidering The Legacy Of KC's Champion Cakewalker
Every month, the staff of the Kansas City Museum asks a local expert in some field to talk about a piece from the museum's collection for its Community Curator program.
This month's talk is by Glenn North, the poet-in-residence at the American Jazz Museum, and it focuses on a painting that made North uncomfortable at first.
The painting depicts the champion cakewalker William Henry Joseph Cutter Brown, known popularly in Kansas City as "Doc Brown." (Cakewalking is a kind of dance that originated on slave plantations in the 18th century, and was popular through the 19th – more about that in a bit.)
The Portrait of Joseph "Doc" Brown(1896), by local African American painter Millard C. Haywood, depicts the former slave in a long suit, tipping his top hat and smiling.
"Initially, I was uncomfortable in that part of African American history," North said. "We talk about minstrelsy and some of the things that were forced on black entertainers at the time for them to have to act, to kind of step and fetch, and jive and shuffle."
Cakewalking has its roots in southern slave plantations. According to North, white land-owners would hold social functions where they'd dance ballroom dances like the minuet. Slaves would watch and then mock those dances at their own parties. Whites grew to like the parody and began to hold dance competitions for their slaves. The prize for the winning couple would be a cake. (That's where expressions like "She takes the cake," or something easy being "a cakewalk" or "a piece of cake" comes from.)
"Eventually, white people then started wearing blackface in minstrel shows and would poke fun at how black people danced, so there's this weird history associated with it," North said. "But what I think is the most interesting thing is that even during times of severe oppression, black cultural expression becomes important because of how we're able to express rebellion."
Joseph "Doc" Brown became a popular Kansas City personality in the late 19th century, and his life was extensively documented by the Kansas City Star, at a time, North writes, "events in the black community were not considered newsworthy."
Kansas City Kansas composer Charles Leslie Johnson wrote a ragtime hit in 1899 called Doc Brown's Cake Walk (it's the background music in the audio version of this story – just click listen above). Composer John Philip Sousa heard the tune when traveling through Kansas City and began performing it nation-wide.
After North researched the history of Brown's life and cakewalking, his reaction to the painting changed. He writes in his essay for the Community Curator series:
I am forced to reconsider my original thoughts about the painting and I am confronted with its quiet beauty. Perhaps rather than portraying the stereotypical docile Negro on canvas, Haywood was able to capture the essence of a consummate showman. It seems that although Doc Brown's back is bent in the painting, it housed a spine as sturdy and erect as the red brick wall behind him. The confident smile and wave of his top hat lets me know that "Doc" Brown endured slavery, laughed in the face of injustice, possum trotted above racism, kangaroo hopped over poverty and cakewalked beyond the specter of minstrelsy into a class of his own. Yes, History is a tricky thing for black folks. It is often times a source of pain and shame. But people like Doctor William Henry Joseph Cutter Brown provide these incredible occasions when history offers us joy and pride.
Glenn North will be talking about "Doc Brown" and cakewalking as part of the Kansas City Museum's Community Curator Series on Tuesday, May 22, 2012 at 6:30pm at Union Station. See videos of past Community Curator lectures here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to reprogram your engine computer
Posted by
The under-dash engine diagnostic port of a 1999 Audi. This location for the diagnostic port is common for most modern vehicles.
Locate your vehicle's diagnostic port. The plug-in port is typically under the dash. (Photo Credit: CC BY/Scott/Vag-Com Scanning)
Flashing — or erasing and reprogramming — your engine's computer is a legitimate way to keep a car's engine control modules (ECMs) up to date. This is done on nearly all vehicles 1996 and newer to ensure that the microprocessors in such areas as the power train and fuel injectors are regulating their systems properly. If the programming is optimized, your car's engine tends to run much more efficiently. It's a bountiful cash crop for repair shops, who tend to charge between $80 and $120 for the service, according to Underhood Service. However, you can flash your car engine yourself – with the right tools.
How reprogramming an engine computer works
When reprogramming an engine computer, a scanner is attached to the diagnostic port in a car, which is typically inside the car, beneath the steering wheel. Old programming is erased, then replaced with the most up-to-date software provided by the auto manufacturer. It used to be that it was necessary to remove parts in order to complete the reprogramming process, but now all that's necessary is a computer with an Internet connection, a USB cable and a scanning device that can connect with a car's diagnostic port. The ECM is flashed with the new software direct from the manufacturer's website.
How often does the ECM need to be flashed?
Auto repair shops say flashing should be done once every few years, and this may be appropriate. However, it's typically only something that needs to be addressed on a need-to basis, unless a sweeping pronouncement is issued by the manufacturer as part of a recall movement. It definitely isn't something a car owner should pay for as part of routine vehicle maintenance.
What a DIY flasher would need to do the job
It can be quite simple. Consult with your vehicle manufacturer's website for software updates. Download the update into a flash programming device. Additional software for proper engine tuning may be necessary. Consult sources such as for more specific information. You should also consult with your state's motor vehicle authority, as more radical aspects of engine programming may not be street legal, which is the case in tough emissions states like California.
New cars with fresh ECM programming start with auto loans
Underhood Service
Scotty Kilmer on reprogramming your car's computer
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Getting started with Assured Workloads
This topic describes how to set up Assured Workloads and deploy your first resource.
Assured Workloads requires the creation and registration of a folder before deploying a Assured Workloads environment. Depending on the selected compliance regime you choose, you are responsible for creating encryption keys and resources in the environment.
To set up your environment and first workload, do the following:
 1. If you haven't already, set up an organization, as follows:
 1. Set up Cloud Identity and verify your domain.
 2. Create an organization prior to using Assured Workloads.
 2. Select a compliance regime.
 3. Create a folder for Assured Workloads environments.
 4. Create a project in the Assured Workloads environment that supports your compliance regime, as follows:
 5. Create and obtain a customer-managed encryption key (CMEK).
 6. Deploy a resource into your Assured Workloads environment. Assured Workloads supports a variety of resources. Examples include:
What's next


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Temperature sensor using TMP102
TMP102 is a temperature sensing module from sparkfun. It gives accurate results over other temperature sensors. It uses I2C bus so that you connect some other I2C devices with Arduino.
The given project measures ambient temperature and displays values in degree Centigrade and Fahrenheit. TMP102 is simple and accurate digital sensor which can detect very small changes in temperature (0.0625° C) and is accurate up to 0.5°C. You can get all the details of this project on BUILDCIRCUIT.COM

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Our 70 years' experience in manufacturing salts (commonly also known as minerals) means that today we can offer a wide range of products used as raw materials.
Our experience gained over the years has mainly focused on the production of inorganic salts, but also some organic salts. These salts can be manufactured under GMP conditions and also under ISO regulations.
We cover all kind of sectors where any of our products is needed: industrial applications such as chemical strengthening of glass, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, cosmetics and personal care, veterinary, animal and human nutrition, nutraceuticals, sport nutrition, food, baby food, explosives, nuclear plants, etc.


Massive Animal Feces
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Massive Animal Feces
Massive Animal Feces.png
Everyone Poops. Can provide nitrogen to help crops grow in their plots. Would be more efficient fertilizer if combined with thatch in Compost Bin.
Type Feces
Nitrogen 35000
Excreted by Titanosaur
Consumable (values pertain to Humans)
Food 1
Health -350
Spoils in 2h 47m
Weight 35.0
Stack Size 1
Decomposes in 1m
Spawn Command
cheat giveitem "Blueprint'/Game/PrimalEarth/CoreBlueprints/Items/Consumables/PrimalItemConsumable_DinoPoopMassive.PrimalItemConsumable_DinoPoopMassive'" 1 0 0
Massive Animal Feces are the special excrements currently only produced by Titanosaur in ARK: Survival Evolved. From time to time, they automatically drop from these creatures. If you eat this you will probably die.
Usage[edit | edit source]
Massive Animal Feces can be used as fertilizer and add 35,000 points to fertilization when they are put in the inventory of a Crop Plot.
They can be combined with Thatch in a Compost Bin to produce Fertilizer.
However, it is the only Feces which is partially not worth doing it, it would be better to directly insert them into Crop Plots, as a Fertilizer has less fertilization points (54,000) than 2 or 3 Massive Animal Feces separated (70,000 or 105,000). Therefore, it would be more efficient to combine any other animal feces with thatch to produce fertilizers. The only way it could be somewhat efficient to combine it into fertilizer is if one would use a single Massive animal Feces with 2 other smaller variants. (Excluding two Large Animal Feces or one Large Animal Feces and one Medium Animal Feces, as the sum of their separated fertilization points would still be greater than the Fertilizer's)
Unlike the other size variations of feces, as of Patch 243.2, Massive Animal Feces cannot be used for taming Dung Beetles. However, they can be converted by the Dung Beetles, given a high enough weight stat, into 16 bags of Fertilizer and 14 Oil per feces.[1]
Fertilization Comparison[edit | edit source]
Fertilizer type Fertilizer units Fertilizes for Fertilizes full* plant for
Human Feces 1,000 10m 3h 5m
Small Animal Feces 3,500 35m 10h 48m
Medium Animal Feces 7,500 1h 15m 23h 8m
Unicorn Residue Logo Mobile.svg 7,500 1h 15m 23h 8m
Large Animal Feces 15,000 2h 30m 1d 22h 15m
Massive Animal Feces 35,000 5h 50m 4d 11h 55m
Snow Owl Pellet Extinction Icon.png 50,000 8h 20m 6d 10h 10m
Fertilizer 54,000 9h 6d 22h 30m
Bonemeal Fertilizer Primitive Plus Icon.png 90,000 15h 11d 13h 30m
List of Creatures[edit | edit source]
Notes[edit | edit source]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]


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Is It Time to Change Our Training Yet? Part 4: Magnesium Fires
A small piece of magnesium in the stearing column reacts to water in Delray Beach, Florida. (Photo: Lee Junkins)
Lee Junkins, Midsouth Rescue Technologies
As we saw in Part 3, manufacturers have been forced to cut every ounce of weight possible, in order to meet the economic problems. One way of doing that is by the extensive use of magnesium. Magnesium is stronger and 1/3 lighter than aluminum and can be molded and machined into most any shape. Today manufacturers are using it for most all the brackets under the dash, transmission housings, wheels, and some as high as 45% of the engine parts.
As firefighters we know that magnesium is one metal that will burn and once burning is extremely hard to extinguish, but do we really understand the dangers of fighting a magnesium fire? As can be seen in the picture, magnesium has a very violent reaction to water. The reaction seen in the picture is just a very small bracket on the steering column.
We see the pretty flash as the water hits it but, notice the little sparklers in the picture. Each one of these pretty little sparklers is a ball of hot molten metal. Welders will tell you that these bits of molten metal will collect in any little wrinkle in your clothing and will burn through until they cool. Imagine having them on your bare skin, yet many firefighters do not see the need for full PPE on a vehicle fire. Let's look at another aspect; these balls of molten metal are much hotter than our gear is made to withstand. These will lay in the wrinkles of your gear and burn holes in them, not only destroying a very expensive set of gear, but putting the firefighter in danger on the next interior call. So how are we to avoid this?


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The Red-footed Booby bird is the smallest of the booby birds at 71 centimetres in length and a 137 centimetre wingspan. It has red legs and the bill and throat pouch are coloured pink and blue.
The Red-footed Booby bird has two plumage forms. The white phase is basically white with black on the flight feathers. The brown form is brown with a white belly rump and tail. Both forms may occur together, as in the breeding colony on St. Giles Island, Tobago. Few seabirds display such a variety of colour phases. Legs and feet are red and their beaks are pale blue. Below you can view a short video of the Red Footed Booby Bird.
The Red-footed Booby bird breeds on islands and coasts in tropical oceans. It winters at sea and is therefore rarely seen away from the breeding colonies.
The Red-footed Booby bird nests in large colonies, laying one chalky blue egg in a stick nest in a tree, which is incubated by both adults for 44 - 46 days. It may be 3 months before the young first fly and 5 months before they make extensive flights.
Red-footed Booby pairs may remain together over several seasons. They perform elaborate greeting rituals, including harsh squawks and the males display of his blue throat.
Young Red-footed Booby birds are wholly brown or blackish grey with a black beak, facial skin and grey legs. Immature have patchy underwings without a definite pattern, white back, mottled grey-brown head and red or brownish legs. Length: 66 - 77 centimetres (26 - 30 inches); wingspan: 91 - 101 centimetres (36 - 40 inches). The Red-footed Booby bird has an average life span of 22 years.
The Red-footed Boobies of the Galapagos Midway island are a white colour morph. Adult birds have white body and tail plumage. Upperwings have black primary and greater secondary coverts. About 444 pairs nest on Eastern Island.
The Red-footed Booby birds feed by diving vertically into the water and rarely within sight of land. They can dive up to 30 metres to pursue their prey. They feed primarily on flying fish and squid. They either feed on their own or within a mixed species flock. They search for their food anytime during the day and after dark. Red-footed Boobies are specialized in catching flying fish. They dive while skimming at the surface of the ocean and they do it far from shore. For that reason sometimes they need the whole day or even more in their fishing raids and their chicks have therefore to fast in the nest until their parents return with food.
Colonial in nature, the Red-footed Booby differs from the other Boobies by making their nests in small trees and shrubs. Colonies can be found on Tower, Culpepper, Wenman, Gardener-near Floreana, Pinta and Isla Pitt. They are rarely seen in areas other than where they breed. Eggs can be found throughout the year with colonies hatching at the same times.
The voice of the Red-footed Boobies is like that in the other booby birds. However both the whistle and the honk come accompanied by an inflexion that sounds like a grunt. Besides this, red boobies come in two different morphotypes; the brown and dominant and the white recessive. These morphotypes make them look very special in the sense of beauty. Is important to remember that in spite of the great apparent difference they show, both colours are from the exact species of Boobie. They are not different species.


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They're everywhere, from road signs to rest rooms, telephone books to children's toys, but few think of pictograms as art. Functional, yes, but barely worth more than a glance.
Yet that underestimates those simple depictions of often-Lowry-like figures that guide you in the right direction. They can capture a moment, be as much a part of, say, an Olympic Games as fast-food or patriotic spirit.
In 1968, for example, Mexico incorporated elements of its folk art into the images when it hosted the Games. Four years later, in Munich, the "cold geometry" of the German designer Oli Aicher set a


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2001 October Report of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development
Photograph 1.6.5—Fish Habitat
Fish habitat refers to places that fish need to spawn, feed, grow, and live. Water temperature, oxygen levels, food sources, and shelter are important factors in habitat quality.
Source: Cold Comfort, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources


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Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
Print version ISSN _PHONE_
ALBERNAZ, Elaine and VICTORA, Cesar G.. Impact of face-to-face counseling on duration of exclusive breast-feeding: a review. Rev Panam Salud Publica [online]. 2003, vol.14, n.1, pp. 17-24. ISSN _PHONE_. _URL_
OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature on and evaluate studies of face-to-face counseling for the promotion of exclusive breast-feeding. SOURCES OF DATA: Three databases were reviewed for the _PHONE_ period: MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences ("LILACS"), and the Cochrane Library. We selected studies describing face-to-face counseling with mothers during only the postnatal period or both the preand postnatal periods. Studies describing interventions only during pregnancy were not considered. We classified the selected studies using a modification of the criteria of Downs and Black for assessing the methodological quality of studies of health care interventions. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included. The duration of follow-up, type of intervention performed, and ethnic, socioeconomic, and reproductive characteristics of the groups studied varied widely. In terms of limitations, the most frequent ones were an inadequate description of confounding factors and of the characteristics of the sample, poorly documented methodology, and no adjustment for confounding factors. Seventeen studies reported a beneficial effect of the intervention, although the magnitude of this effect differed widely across the various studies. Two studies reported a dose-response effect, with the impact being directly proportional to the number of counseling sessions. Only one study reported no effect of the intervention on exclusive breast-feeding, at 3 and 5 months postpartum; of the 19 studies assessed, this one had the smallest number of counseling sessions, just one or two. CONCLUSIONS: Face-to-face counseling, given during different time periods, led to significant changes in the rate of exclusive breast-feeding. Our analysis suggests that the support to the mothers must continue after hospital discharge and must include guidance on breast-feeding techniques and ways to resolve problems that occur.
Keywords : Amamentação; promoção de alimentos; bem-estar do lactente.


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Books: Around the World in 80 Trades
The trading of goods is the most traditional and ancient type of economy and is still used by many cultures around the world. In Around the World in 80 Trades (MacMillan), cultural exchange and fair-trade economist Conor Woodman puts his negotiating skills and bargaining wits to the test against some of the world's oldest trading cultures. Going all in, Woodman sold his house to finance this extraordinary journey that sees him trading camels from Sudan for coffee in Kenya, trading the coffee for South African red wine, and using the proceeds to purchase Chinese porcelain. Inspired by the various encounters along his route, Woodman concludes that, regardless of geographical, language, or cultural differences, the values of profit remain the same. Part travel writing and part journal of an undercover economist, Around the World in 80 Trades takes the reader on a journey of discovery of cultural exchange and the human story of how the complex modern macroeconomic system came to be: face-to-face exchange.


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NOVA Pentagon
NOVA Pentagon
 - $840.00 AUD
The five-sided parachute with oscillation damping
Safety through innovation: the PENTAGON parachute distinguishes itself through innovative design, combined with high-quality materials. After deployment, the PENTAGON offers a rapid opening, immediate oscillation damping and a low sink rate. The result is a rescue system you can fully trust in any situation.
NOVA Pentagon Packing Instructions Video
Five sides for high pendular stability. The five-sided shape is self-stabilising: if the PENTAGON experiences a pendular impulse towards a corner, the restoring force will automatically act in the opposite direction. Opposite a corner is an edge, where the airflow is significantly different and this counteracts unwelcome oscillations. The resulting pendular stability is excellent.
Quick to open, slow to descend. The sink rate is extraordinarily low: during certification, with maximum load, the Pentagon 120 had a sink rate of 5.2 m/s.
Five corner vents for fast opening. Five corner vents assist inflation during the opening. The opening is faster and more reliable than with conventional parachutes. This is not only critical when close to the ground, but it also reduces the risk of the parachute getting tangled in the paraglider's lines before opening.
Equal suspension line length for uncomplicated packing. A prerequisite for quick opening is that the parachute is packed regularly. The PENTAGON is quick and easy to pack. The base and centre lines are all the same length and equal distance from each other. They are also colour-coded. This means that the risk of errors during packing is minimal.
Intensive testing
 - The PENTAGON was designed in collaboration with Urs Haari of High Adventure. Urs drew on his experience of over 300 deployments with various parachutes.
 - He extensively tested the PENTAGON during the different design phases. The focus was on tests with the paraglider attached. In practice, this is much more common than the certification test scenario where the paraglider is jettisoned. The practical tests were supplemented by flow simulations of various designs. In the end, the Pentagon was the best of all solutions.
Technical Data
NOVA PENTAGON Technical Data
We Also Recommend


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Utilize paragraph shading for text messages with improved functionality
The new paragraph shading feature would be fantastic to use for laying out text message conversations in books/long from documents, but needs a few tweaks to make is fully functional. Text messages in books is becoming very common and having them run in the text while paging is crucial.
It used to be that you had to create shapes and anchor each in for a text message. Now you can use Paragraph Shading defined in the style for left side texts with no adjustments, but because right side text messages need to have the "bubble" shape aligned right, but the interior text left aligned. My solution is (see sample file):
Create three base paragraph styles:
1. : Defined: All text styling, paragraph shading set to Text, right/left indents, alignments, and space above/below, etc.
2. : Defined: Based on , but remove left/right indents
3. : Defined: Based on , but change to align flush right, add right indent (if needed), turn off paragraph shading.
1. Cut out all the and create a standalone text frame for each text message.
2. Create (or leave) empty returns where each right side text was and apply to the return.
3. Paste the text frames into the empty returns where appropriate to anchor frame.
4. Select each frame and apply the Object style (Text Message Right in sample file).
Could there be a way to separately control the shading alignment from the interior text alignment within the paragraph style? Much like how text functions within a div?


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When I found this tomb I thought it was a wedge tomb, but it is in fact a court tomb. The reason for my confusion was that it is a very buried tomb indeed. There is just a small chamber exposed to the east of the monument. What I thought where slightly displaced roof stones poking through the peat are, apparently corbels.
The exposed section faces east and there is some speculation as to whether it is actually a trancepted side chamber as can be found at Behy (County Mayo), but this is doubtful. Of the exposed stones a sill and walls can be determined but little else.
Wedge tombs are most easily catagorised by their main characteristic - they are taller and wider at the entrance than they are at the rear. Like court tombs they have a gallery which is split either by septal slabs or sill stones into smaller chambers. Galleries can be anything up to 8m in length.
The side walls are, uniquely, made of two rows of stones (three in some cases), which is refered to as double or triple walling. This double walling is perhaps the best feature to identify a wedge tomb by.
The roofs are constructed by laying large blocks or slabs across the gallery, resting on the tops of the walls.
They are often quite small, an amazing exception being Labbacallee (County Cork), one of the largest in Ireland. It is very rare to find a wedge tomb with its roof still in situ, although, occasionally, one or two of the roof slabs are present (see Proleek (County Louth)).
In some examples the roof would have extended beyond the front closing slab forming a portico at the front, which in a few specimens was split by a vertical stone place centrally in the entrance.
Like court tombs, portal tombs and passage tombs they were covered by a cairn, which, at many sites, it is still often possible to determine. A few, such as Burren SW (County Cavan), still retain a large proportion of the cairn.
Court tombs have several distinctive characteristics that allow easy identification when in fair condition. One key feature that is a great help, no matter what the condition, is that court tombs are nearly always aligned north to south. They were all originally covered by a cairn, but in most instances this is now missing, or at best only remain to a height of one or two metres. The easiest feature to identify (when intact) is obviously the court. The rest of the tomb is occupied by a long, divided, passage-like gallery.
Galleries of court tombs can usually be identified by their characteristic boat-shaped plan, i.e. the gallery, when viewed from above, is flat at the entrance and tapers to a point or narrow width at the rear. The gallery may be segmented into up to five chambers by jambs, the walls normally being made of large slabs. The roofs were created by laying large slabs across the gallery, either directly on to the tops of the wall slabs or resting on corbel stones. Two large stones, with smooth forward-facing faces, usually create the entrance and it is possible to identify a court tomb when only these stones remain. The gallery would have been covered by a cairn of stones, sometimes with a kerb.
Single Gallery Variations:
Most often called a 'Single Court Tombs, usually this style has a half-court, a horseshoe-shaped arrangement of stones in front of the gallery (see Ballymacdermot (County Armagh)). This is usually, but not always, symmetrical about the centre line of the gallery, although occasionally the centre line of the court forms a slight angle with the centre line of the gallery. The other option is a full-court formed a complete circle of stones (see Creevykeel (County Sligo)). These full-courts mainly have one entrance allowing access, which is usually opposite the entrance to the gallery.
Double Gallery Variations:
Double-gallery court tombs come in three styles, the last of which is very unusual. The first is where the chambers are built facing away from each other. These are usually referred to as ŽDouble Court TombsŪ (see Cohaw (County Cavan)). The galleries sometimes share the same rear stone, but more often there is some distance between them Ů ranging from one to ten metres. This style has a half-court at each end of the monument, one facing north and the other facing south. In this style both galleries would have been covered by the same cairn.
Tuning round the two tombs and placing the two galleries so that the entrances face each other, across a full court, creates another style, known as a Centre-Court Tomb. Access to this court is gained through entrances placed (usually) in the east and west sides of the court. Here there would have been two cairns, one at each end, but they would have been joined down the sides of the court by a low cairn.
The third and very uncommon form is where the two galleries are located side-by-side facing into a full court with an entrance opposite (e.g. Malin More).
Quite often you will find other chambers built into the cairn. In single-gallery tombs and double court tombs these are invariably located to the rear of the gallery. Centre court tombs often have them placed near to the entrances.
Click Thumbnail to View Full Size Image
This is an explanation of (and a bit of a disclaimer for) the coordinates I provide.
Where a GPS figure is given this is the master for all other coordinates. According to my Garmin these are quite accurate.
Where there is no GPS figure the 6 figure grid reference is master for the others. This may not be very accurate as it could have come from the OS maps and could have been read by eye. Consequently, all other cordinates are going to have inaccuracies.
The calculation of Longitude and Latitude uses an algorithm that is not 100% accurate. The long/lat figures are used as a basis for calculating the UTM & ITM coordinates. Consequently, UTM & ITM coordinates are slightly out.
UTM is a global coordinate system - Universal Transverse Mercator - that is at the core of the GPS system.
ITM is the new coordinate system - Irish Transverse Mercator - that is more accurate and more GPS friendly than the Irish Grid Reference system. This will be used on the next generation of Irish OS maps.


Anthill Inside 2019
A conference on AI and Deep Learning
Up next
Tensorboard: Almost a one stop shop for Machine Learning Development
Submitted Apr 28, 2019
This talk will focus on the areas of Machine Learning development (specifically Computer Vision problems) and will discuss how using certain tools will make your life easier. Also, discuss some areas where developing custom tools is beneficial instead of using open-source tools and the trade-off for making this choice.
We will discuss why we should be using Tensorboard and why it is the only tool you will need to do machine learning development. We will see how it compares to other model development tools such as Visdom, Netron and several other Proprietary(and expensive) tools.
We will also see some small snippets of examples of what is possible with Tensorboard and how to interpret machine learning models, monitor training stats, debug models and compare experiments. This includes using tensorboard as an interactive front-end for monitoring the models and visualising its performance on test set and how we can make it to be framework agnostic and work with Pytorch, Keras and not be dependent on tensorflow.
Key Takeaways.
1. Understand the features available in Tensorboard and why it is the only tool that you will ever need.
2. How to make it work with any machine learning framework.
 1. Addressing the problems faced while developing machine learning models using just terminal for interface.
 2. How some companies have leveraged this pain into making a paid service for monitoring model training.
 3. What are the free options.
Speaker bio
Tushar Pawar is Machine Learning Engineer at Infilect. He has around 3 years of experience in the field of Deep Learning. Has worked with several computer vision problems such as image classification, object detection, image generation etc.


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Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe
Around three quarters of Europeans live in cities. Most of Europe's wealth is generated in cities, and urban areas are particularly at risk due to climate change. Europe should seize the opportunity of improving quality of life while adapting to climate change in cities, according to a report from the European Environment Agency (EEA). The report also warns that delaying adaptation will be much more costly in the long-term.


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In a previous article on this website (What is the risk of investing?) it was mentioned that the largest risk for a company is bankruptcy. But how big is the risk of bankruptcy? And how can that risk be determined for a specific company? To answer these questions, the model of the Altman Z-score can be used.
Lots of investors and investment experts try to make predictions about the stock market. For their predictions, they use technical analysis or predictions about specific shares. But can predictions about the stock market be made? Or is it impossible to make predictions about the prices of specific shares? In this article I will explain how (un)predictable the stock market really is.
Investment experts and predictions
Investment experts who are making predictions about investing, can be found at many places. Most of these predictions are based on experience or theories of these experts. In other articles, there is already written that predictions should never be taken for granted and being the whole (possible) truth. But how can you identify an investment expert that is reliable, and how can you see what is a good prediction and what is not.
What is the risk of investing?
In short, risk is, in terms of an investor, the chance that an investment will result in a loss. To be more precise: Risk is the probability that the downward potential is partially used before investors can anticipate. The latter is important because if an investor knows in advance that a stock will fall, then the investor will not buy the share. The investor would try to make a profit of the downward potential of a share by, for example, buying put options or sell call options.


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Bildtext får vara max två rader text. Hela texten ska högerjusteras om den bara ska innehålla fotobyline! Photo: B. Christensen/Azote
Tame the flames, rule the world
New understanding of power shows important relations between humans and nature
- From a social-ecological standpoint it makes sense to expand the concept of power to include not only humans but also other living creatures
- Power can be used to change the conduct of living beings, as well as the conditions under which they live, for example through managing and controlling landscapes
- Including other living beings in the concept of power can remind us that our responsibilities stretch beyond our own species
Ask academics to define power and the reaction could well be that of panic or sheer confusion. That is because power is a perpetually contested concept in social theory. Power is difficult to define because it exists in many forms, be it economic power, military power, or symbolic power. The famous sociologist Max Weber defined it as "the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests".
Weber's definition highlights that power only exists through social relationships between persons: it is employed by someone and influences others. From a social-ecological perspective, Weber seems to have been missing something.
In a paper recently published in Ecology and Society centre research Wijnand Boonstra argues that power needs to be redefined as including not only dependency relations between people, but also between people and other living beings. His research is timely, because resilience scholars have been relatively silent when it comes to addressing the issue of power relations.
The power of fire
Boonstra illustrates how the concept of power can be used to analyse the interdependency between humans and nature with the example of the domestication of fire. Relations between humans and the natural environment dramatically changed when humans learned to tame the flames and acquired firepower.
"By including humans as well as other living beings in the concept of power, we are reminded that our responsibilities stretch beyond our species"
When early humans came to learn how to use fire, they gained control over a crucial source of power. With fire they could influence the conduct of other people and species, for example by using fire as a source of protection or to chase others away.
But the use of fire also indirectly changed the social and ecological conditions under which both humans and other species lived. Landscape burnings radically changed the habitat in which humans and other species lived. Fire also enabled cooking and so led to human physiological changes that in turn triggered other human abilities.
For maintaining, transporting and handling fire people also had to learn how to collaborate, think ahead, and communicate. The domestication of fire highlights how the use of power sources comes with shifts in interdependencies between people and nature.
With great power comes great responsibility
The story of how humans tamed the flames is important because it helps us understand how power can be used to think about responsibility.
For example, terming the current geological era the Anthropocene in a sense disperses responsibility for human-caused global change to the whole of humanity. However, only a small minority has been responsible for the majority of the activities that drive the 'great acceleration'. The Indian subsistence farmer, the African herder and the Peruvian slum-dweller are grouped together with inhabitants of the rich world, despite playing different roles in ecological devastation and planetary overshoot. In this way, the term Anthropocene points to the power of humans as a species but conceals who is exercising that power and how, where and when.
"The concept of social power that I present is an effort to provide a tool to address the issue of responsibility for this kind of complex and global social-ecological interactions," says Boonstra.
"My effort to conceptualise power is to help tease out whose actions are impacting whose conduct and situation, and to include social-ecological interdependencies. By including humans as well as other living beings in the concept of power, we are reminded that our responsibilities stretch beyond our species," he concludes.
Boonstra, W. J. 2016. Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions. Ecology and Society 21(1):21. _URL_
About the centre author:
Wijnand Boonstra is particularly interested in understanding how individual use of ecosystems aggregates to form so-called regimes of ecosystem use. Describing and explaining the complex set of social and ecological conditions and their interaction at micro and macro scales that cause these regimes to shift, is a key research objective.
Research news | 2021-07-03
Groundbreaking book on methods to study social-ecological systems
Open-access book covers 28 broad groups of methods, featuring contributions from almost a hundred authors in 16 countries
Research news | 2021-06-23
Better scenario building can help curb global threat of invasive species
Invasive species remain largely ignored in current future analyses. Experts present first set ever of alternative futures for global biological invasions
Research news | 2021-06-22
New software helps design sustainable cities
Natural Capital Project have developed a software that shows city planners where to invest in nature to improve people's lives. It will also save billions of dollars
Research news | 2021-06-21
Proximity to green boosts building projects
Proximity to ecosystem services raises the value of residential and commercial areas around cities. Future projects should focus more to keep it that way
Research news | 2021-06-18
How much is the right amount of meat?
Celebrating World Sustainable Gastronomy Day, centre doctoral student Kajsa Resare Sahlin on why we need to better understand how much 'less' meat actually is and what 'better' means
Research news | 2021-06-18
The accidental chef
How a former PhD student's book on food and life in the Pamir Mountains won the world's most prestigious culinary book award


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|part of speech:
||the act or process of transmuting or the state of being transmuted; transformation.
- similar words:
- metamorphosis, transformation
||change into another substance, form, or condition, esp. change of one type of atom to another as a result of a nuclear reaction.
||in alchemy, the conversion of base metals into gold or silver.
||amendment, change, metamorphosis


Pope Francis's moralising on immigration discredits the church
African nations are characterised by persistent 'injustice' so European countries must open their borders to Africans, whose circumstances often 'force' them to migrate, Pope Francis has said in his Christmas message.
At no point does Francis acknowledge the complexity of questions around immigration and the issues the recent mass migratory movements from Africa and elsewhere cause for countries. He doesn't acknowledge the challenges nations face of housing so many newcomers, and the pressure on public services, infrastructure and jobs. He doesn't mention the huge impact an influx of largely poorer newcomers has on the poor of a country in particular and their communities and neighbourhoods. He doesn't make any allowance for the challenges for the culture, traditions and identity of a nation when its ethnic minority populations grow quickly and integration is weak. Neither does he show awareness of the impact on migrants' countries of origin when their young and most energetic citizens emigrate in large numbers to richer countries, rather than stay and be part of the solution to their countries' problems. He rightly shows great concern for those who perish on the journey, but gives no recognition that it is partly the lack of adequate border security that drives the deadly market in illegal transportation of people.
The Pope's understanding of immigration appears to be very one dimensional, evincing no grasp of the many and complex issues that affect a responsible country's approach to the issue. It is overly moralistic in its approach to what is a very political issue, focusing exclusively on individuals and their plight, apparently assuming all who emigrate have no real choice in the matter, and failing to locate issues of immigration in their wider context of the history and destiny of nations.
At this point in time we need nuanced interventions from church leaders on an issue of great concern for the public. We don't need simplistic moralising that shows no understanding of why nations and peoples might want to control and limit immigration, and why it might be reasonable and fair for them to do so.
5 thoughts on "Pope Francis's moralising on immigration discredits the church
Add yours
 1. I believe Pope Francis was simply drawing our attention to the needs and plight of these vulnerable people through the eyes of Christ without nuances, without the understandable political perspective that might otherwise obstruct simple and straightforward expression of love and compassion. In perhaps challenging us to replicate the action of the Father in the parable of the prodigal son who overlooked all in favour of expressing His love. Challenged we may be to look at all the angles, but challenged more to respond to Gods call not to be afraid but place our trust in Him.
 2. Good one!
 There needs to be a lot more attention given to the varied circumstantial composition of "all who immigrate", without implying that all are refugees of some kind.
 3. Jesus calls his individual followers to personal lives of self-sacrificing love, but a national government has to care for all its citizens: religious, anti-religious, rich, poor, secure, vulnerable, healthy and sick. It is irresponsible and therefore un-Christian to take a personal, sacrificial way of life and turn it unaltered into government policy.
 1. I was not presuming to impose a life of self sacrifice, unaltered into government policy. Nor I believe was the Pope offering a solution, but simply and gently reminding we Christians of rising to meet the call to follow Christ's example in serving those who for whatever reason are marginalised, with dignity and kindness, and as the Pope said, "thank the Lord for all those who have decided not to remain indifferent and do their utmost to help the victim, without asking too many questions about how or why the poor half-dead person wound up on their street," and indicating that, "It is not by blocking their boats that the problem is solved."
 I don't believe Pope Francis presumed to offer a solution to the root cause, but challenged us not to be indifferent, or find reasons (which are plentiful, and all with rational justification) why we should not offer sanctuary to these poor people.
 1. Hi Damian,
 I agree that a follower of Christ should show compassion to anyone who needs it, without questioning, but the Pope's message seems to go wider than that. If a state decides that "blocking their boats" is the only way to dissuade people from starting their journeys in the first place, and if you lobby to reverse that policy, then indeed you are not "imposing" a self-sacrificial way of life on a government, but are you not trying to persuade a state to commit slow suicide? Would it not be better to lobby for a government to act to improve conditions at the migrant's points of origin, even if that leads to accusations of neo-colonialism?
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text:
If country code is required:
- After dialing the country code, you will hear a brief recorded message that states: "AT&T…enter the number you are calling." This prompt is always available in English and sometimes an option in Spanish.
- Immediately at the end of the recording, callers should dial the second number (the hotline number), which is always a domestic toll-free line. The call will then connect to the hotline greeting with the appropriate language options.
If no country code is required:
- Dial the hotline number directly.
Note: some countries have more than one country code. This is usually due to carrier restrictions. Country codes can be verified directly through this link.


text:
Light Reflective Value (LRV) measures the amount of visible and usable light that reflects from (or absorbs into) a painted surface. The scale is black/zero to white/100.
Red Green Blue
These Red, Green and Blue colour codes are used in digital representation of colour. These three sets of codes create wide representation of colours on the screen. Although it is critical to see the paint colour in person, the digital representation gives the idea when we research colours at home.
239, 221, 193
This color code is a hexadecimal way to represent RGB values, often used for building a website to represent colors digitally. It's a secondary color code that allows us to experience colors in digital format.


General Conventions
This part of the Best Practices Guide explains general conventions.
Chart Names
Chart names must be lower case letters and numbers. Words may be separated with dashes (-):
Neither uppercase letters nor underscores can be used in chart names. Dots should not be used in chart names.
The directory that contains a chart MUST have the same name as the chart. Thus, the chart nginx-lego MUST be created in a directory called nginx-lego/. This is not merely a stylistic detail, but a requirement of the Helm Chart format.
Version Numbers
Wherever possible, Helm uses SemVer 2 to represent version numbers. (Note that Docker image tags do not necessarily follow SemVer, and are thus considered an unfortunate exception to the rule.)
When SemVer versions are stored in Kubernetes labels, we conventionally alter the + character to an _ character, as labels do not allow the + sign as a value.
Formatting YAML
YAML files should be indented using two spaces (and never tabs).
Usage of the Words Helm and Chart
There are a few conventions for using the words Helm and helm.
 - Helm refers to the project as a whole
 - helm refers to the client-side command
 - The term chart does not need to be capitalized, as it is not a proper noun
 - However, Chart.yaml does need to be capitalized because the file name is case sensitive
When in doubt, use Helm (with an uppercase 'H').


Thumba Village
Thumba Village, T/A Ngokwe, Machinga
Thumba itself has 32 families and immediately surrounded by 7 villages with 54 families.
We hope to be able to install a borehole. It would be expected to provide clean, safe and sustainable water to a total of 86 families of around 400 people. The nearest borehole is 3 km or 1.9 miles away.
We learned the following by interviewing Thumba residents:
 - They have a shallow pit as their current source of water. Of the 6 people we interviewed, 4 of them had diarrhea at that time.
 - So far, 15 people have suffered from diarrhea this year.
 - They share the water source with livestock and wild animals.
 - Students sometimes don't go to school due to lack of water or long wait at the water source.
 - Sometimes families miss meals due to lack of water which can expose the children to malnutrition.
 - Farming is also disturbed due to the same reasons above.
 - During the dry season, they wait at the water source for approximately 5 hours.
A new water well will bring clean water closer to the village and will be immediately accessible all day long.


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At around 21:30 on 6 May 2019, a single wagon in a freight train derailed on a curve approaching Willesden High Level junction in north-west London. The wagon re-railed as it passed over the junction.
Although no-one was injured, a derailment like this has the potential to foul lines that are open to passenger traffic or strike structures. The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) therefore investigated the incident and has now issued its report.
Investigators found that the track was supported by an earth embankment that Network Rail had been monitoring since October 2016 and which was showing signs of progressive seasonal movement. The empty two-axle wagon derailed where the track cross-level had been changing.
Derailment occurred because the wagon encountered a significant track twist and had an uneven wheel load distribution. This combination resulted in there being insufficient load at the leading left-hand wheel to prevent the wheel flange climbing over the railhead. A check rail would have prevented the derailment. Network Rail had completed a risk assessment that had concluded this safeguard was not necessary on the small-radius curve.
The track twist had developed rapidly. This was because of the poor condition of the earth embankment and the loss of ballast support from under the sleepers. The measures that Network Rail had in place for inspection, maintenance and mitigation were not effective in detecting this risk and protecting the safe running of trains.
The wagon had a diagonal wheel load imbalance. This arose because the suspension adjustment arrangement was susceptible to introducing an imbalance of this type and routine maintenance had not detected that it was present.
Within Network Rail, separate teams are responsible for track maintenance and earthwork management. During its inquiry, RAIB identified the lack of sharing of information between these teams as a possible underlying factor.
In its report, RAIB made four recommendations:
Three are directed to Network Rail and concern:
- the use, and limitations, of information from its track geometry measurement trains for understanding the condition of the track and problems with the track bed and/or supporting earthwork structures, and how this may affect the safe running of trains;
- measures to mitigate the risks arising from known defects in supporting earthwork structures.
One recommendation is directed at DB Cargo, the owner and maintainer of the derailed wagon, relating to the maintenance of this and similar two-axle wagons.
RAIB has additionally identified learning points concerned with indications of poor track bed condition, the importance of good liaison between track maintenance and earthwork management teams and the management of wagon diagonal wheel load imbalance.


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How sandboxes benefit network protection and malware defense
Nick Lewis discusses the concept of sandboxing and how vendors are using network appliance sandboxes to boost network protection and malware defense.
A top security industry vendor recently announced a sandbox appliance for advanced threat protection. Can you please...
explain what these appliances are and in what scenarios they offer value to an enterprise?
Sandboxes, which actually have been around for more than 20 years, have evolved to include many different ways to protect a system from untrusted code.
For those who aren't familiar with the concept in the context of information security, a sandbox is an isolated environment in which a program or file can be executed without affecting the application in which it runs. Sandboxes are a great advancement in incident response, forensics and malware analysis and have been extremely beneficial for blocking malware at the network level.
In the introduction of sandboxing to antimalware research, malware authors attempted to detect sandboxes and alter their malware to avoid detection. There has been a continual cat-and-mouse game of improving sandboxes and finding ways to detect the sandbox ever since.
Modern enterprises will benefit from sandboxes in many different ways, and extending sandboxing to the network level will certainly help combat malware. There are many examples of enterprise sandbox use:
 - Adobe Reader includes a sandbox to minimize the risk of opening a potentially malicious PDF file. Reader limits access to the local system from the application to stop the malicious PDF from compromising a system.
 - Similarly, Internet Explorer sandboxes Web-based content or anything opened in Internet Explorer.
 - Virtual machines are used as sandboxes to contain an attack to the individual system.
 - Some host-based antimalware tools first execute a file in a sandbox, monitor what it does and identify potentially malicious behavior before giving access to the local system. In a sandbox in a network-based antimalware tool, any time an executable is downloaded on the enterprise's network, the executable is run in the sandbox on the appliance to determine if it is malicious. If it is determined malicious, it is blocked or an alert is generated.
Per your question, a variety of unified threat management, next-generation firewall, Web gateway and other threat-detection vendors have introduced sandboxing features to their products. In most cases, when a potentially malicious file or program is detected, the device places it into a sandbox and opens or executes it to determine whether it is in fact malicious. In most instances the sandboxing relies on the device's ability to first identify malicious activity.
It's great to see sandboxing become a more broadly used security control within a wide variety of enterprise security products, but ultimately it's just one feature. Stopping APTs requires an entire "kill chain" of security controls, products and policy so that organizations have multiple methods to detect and disrupt an advanced attack.
Ask the Expert!
This was last published in June 2014


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Recent earthquake damage has exposed the vulnerability of existing structures to strong ground movement. At the Georgia Institute of Technology, researchers are analyzing shape-memory alloys for their potential use in constructing seismic-resistant structures.
"Shape-memory alloys exhibit unique characteristics that you would want for earthquake-resistant building and bridge design and retrofit applications: they have the ability to dissipate significant energy without significant degradation or permanent deformation," said Reginald DesRoches, a professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech.
Georgia Tech researchers have developed a model that combines thermodynamics and mechanical equations to assess what happens when shape-memory alloys are subjected to loading from strong motion. The researchers are using the model to analyze how shape-memory alloys in a variety of components — cables, bars, plates and helical springs — respond to different loading conditions. From that information, they can determine the optimal characteristics of the material for earthquake applications.
The model was developed by DesRoches, School of Mechanical Engineering graduate student Reza Mirzaeifar, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering associate professor Arash Yavari, and School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering professor Ken Gall.
A paper describing the thermo-mechanical model was published online Feb. 3 in the International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. This research was supported by the Transportation Research Board IDEA program.
To improve the performance of structures during earthquakes, researchers around the world have been investigating the use of "smart" materials, such as shape-memory alloys, which can bounce back after experiencing large loads. The most common shape-memory alloys are made of metal mixtures containing copper-zinc-aluminum-nickel, copper-aluminum-nickel or nickel-titanium. Potential applications of shape-memory alloys in bridge and building structures include their use in bearings, columns and beams, or connecting elements between beams and columns. But before this class of materials can be used, the effect of extreme and repetitive loads on these materials must be thoroughly examined.
"For standard civil engineering materials, you can use mechanics to look at force and displacement to measure stress and strain, but for this class of shape-memory alloys that changes properties when it undergoes loading and unloading, you have to consider thermodynamics and mechanics," explained Yavari.
The Georgia Tech team found that the generation and absorption of heat during loading and unloading caused a temperature gradient in shape-memory alloys, which caused a non-uniform stress distribution in the material even when the strain was uniform.
"Shape-memory alloys previously examined in detail were really thin wires, which can exchange heat with the ambient environment rapidly and no temperature change is seen," said Mirzaeifar. "When you start to examine alloys in components large enough to be used in civil engineering applications, the internal temperature is no longer uniform and needs to be taken into account."
To predict the internal temperature distribution of shape-memory alloys under loading-unloading cycles, which could then be used to determine the stress distribution, the researchers developed a model that used the surface thermal boundary conditions, diameter and loading rate of the alloy as inputs.
The team included ambient conditions in the model because shape-memory alloys for seismic applications could operate in a variety of environments — such as water if used in bridge structures or air if used in building structures — which would produce different rates of heat transfer. The researchers used a thermal camera to record the variation in surface temperature of shape-memory alloys experiencing loading and unloading.
Using their model, the researchers were able to accurately predict internal temperature and stress distributions for shape-memory alloys. The model results were verified with experimental tests. In one test, they found that a shape-memory alloy loaded at a very slow rate had time to exchange the heat created with the ambient environment and exhibited uniform stress. If it was loaded very rapidly, it did not have enough time to exchange the heat, leading to a non-uniform stress distribution.
"Our analytical solutions are exact, fast and capable of simulating the complicated coupled thermo-mechanical response of shape-memory alloys considering temperature changes and loading rate dependency," said Mirzaeifar.
In future work, the researchers plan to examine more complicated shapes and the effects of combination loading — tension, bending and torsion — to optimize shape-memory alloys for earthquake applications.
This project is supported by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies (Award No. NCHRP-147). The National Academies has rights to the data and the content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigators and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Academies.
Research News & Publications Office
Georgia Institute of Technology
75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314
Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA
Writer: Abby Robinson


text:
Cut a 1 yard (1 meter) length of B. Knot one end of B length to one end of A. Thread the unknotted end of B into blunt needle.
As you coil A to make the Cap, you will sew over the strand to secure it as follows:
1. Bring blunt needle to the right side between the A strand you are working with and the already coiled A strand.
2. Draw B strand over the A strand, then back out between the A strands a short distance away.
3. Repeat Step 2 as you work, always securing the strand of A that you are working on to the previously coiled A strand.
On a flat surface, coil knotted end of A into a small circle. Secure the spiral shape by sewing over the strands with B. Continue to coil A into a spiral and to secure the spiral by sewing over the strands with B. When circle measures about 6 1/2 in. (cm) across, pull A a bit tighter so that the circle doesn't get wider but begins to take on a Cap shape. Continue coiling A, sewing it in place with B and checking the fit as you work, until Cap is the desired size.
Knot end of B to secure.
Use your fingers to weave in the A yarn ends, and blunt needle to weave in the B yarn ends.


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Our priority is to engage the business sectors in which change is most important and urgent, due to the scale of their negative impacts on the environment and social equity. These businesses are likely to fall into one of the following four broad categories.
Large footprint Industries
Mining oil and gas, construction, automobile and energy – tend to have large impacts on biodiversity through their operations and processes. Therefore, these sectors represent the main target for IUCN to approach and to help transform their biodiversity risk into conservation opportunities.
This includes productive sectors that use and entirely depend on products and services from nature. For example agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food retailing aquaculture, can potentially have negative impacts on biodiversity.
Given the vast amounts of capital that financial services, banks, and insurance companies control, the leveraging potential for projects that conserve rather than impact on biodiversity is enormous.
Developing Green Enterprises
Green enterprises are businesses whose activities lead to conservation benefits, these include: renewable energy, sustainable and organic agriculture, nature-based tourism and ethical trade.


text: astroengine writes "NASA's newest rover on Mars has recently used its Dust Removal Tool for the first time, clearing away a patch of rust-colored dust coating its latest target: a slab of rock called "Ekwir_1." The Dust Removal Tool, or DRT (yes, the rover's cleaning instrument is called "dirt") is a motorized brush with stainless steel wire bristles located on Curiosity's multipurpose Robotic Arm turret — a veritable Swiss Army knife of planetary exploration tools." Reader Sez Zero links to a story on the brushing action at the BBC, which adds that "Curiosity is building towards using its hammer-drill, the last major tool yet to be deployed on the mission." So at least we know there's dirt on Mars, even if they chose not to send a dedicated life sensor, too. The Aeon piece is well worth reading, if that decision sounds perverse.


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All enterprise applications handle tons and tons of data and all this data needs a ID that is unique cluster-wide. In relational database we create primary keys for the same purpose. Some databases support inbuilt column types (AUTO_INCREMENT/AUTO_NUMBER) for generating a monotonically increasing 64 bit long number. While some people prefer to generate ids in their application layer in order to gain more control over the generation and then persist the records using data layer. The second approach however requires you to cache the latest generated number and not lose the track of id's already generated ID's (mostly through some kind of persistence) to avoid Primary key collisions.
Both above approaches have their Pros and Cons in itself but they both have a common drawback that these are not resilient in case of distributed architecture. Just think of data shards spread across multiple database nodes how would technique 1 make sure the tables in different nodes do not produce same auto_increment number OR imagine a topology where you are running your application on multiple nodes and these different nodes are serving different parts of the system then how would technique 2 fulfill needs of all nodes.
So what is the distributed approach?
Well there is no single approach that can fulfil all the requirements but following are the few most popular approaches which are used in many large scale applications.
One very simple approach would be generate UUID's. UUID's are 128 bits hexadecimal numbers which have a very very very low probability of getting generated twice. So one can simply use any UUID generator and use them for the primary keys.
UUID' s require no coordination between different nodes and can be generated independently. But then remember they are big in size and they don't index well (mentioned in my post earlier).
This is one of the very famous approaches where you can simply maintain a table to store just the latest generated ID and every time a node asks for ID they make a 'select for update' on this table, update the value with a incremented value and use the selected value as the next ID.
This approach is resilient and distributed in nature. The ID generation can be separated from the actual data store. However there is a risk of Single Point of Failure as all the nodes rely on this table for the next ID and if this service goes down your app may stop functioning properly.
Also this approach might not be suitable in case where the writes per second are very high because that will overload the Ticket Server and also degrade your app performance.
Twitter Snowflake (Unique ID generator)
This approach tackles the problem of SPOF as well as the latency issues. Here the ID is generated as a concatenation of timestamp, node ID and Sequence number.
The timestamp is the System time measured as number of millisec since EPOCH. 41 bits are allotted to timestamp.
Node ID can be assigned to any physical node when during its startup and it can be retrieved from a shared cache in the cluster. Node ID can occupy next 10 bits.
And the Sequence number can be a monotonically increasing 12 bit number.
These are some famous approaches but you can also check out few other distributed ID generator provided by vendors like Zookeeper and Hazelcast.
Hope it helps you decide what approach you would like to take in generating ID's for your application.
Cheers!!! Happy coding.


text:
Why wait a decade or two for a tree to grow to its full potential when you could just transplant one that would immediately improve your backyard? While many people think that large trees beyond 20 feet in height and a few inches in diameter are impossible to transplant, the truth is that it takes seasoned tree movers to get a job like that done.
It's more than possible to transplant a 30-foot tall tree that has a girth of over 18 inches – you just need to know what you're doing! So, the question then becomes: 'what way is the right way'? Well, we can only speak for ourselves and our decades of success when answering this question, but here goes!
3 tips to transplant a tree the right way
After choosing the ideal location for the tree to be moved to, a decision made based on a few factors such as environmental conditions and soil health, you can follow these guidelines to get the most from your tree transplanting process:
- Assess whether the tree can be transplanted or not: some trees are easier to move than others. Always ensure that the tree you want to transplant can be moved without causing any lethal damage.
- Check that the root ball is the right size to survive in your chosen environment
- You might want to get a professional helping hand when inspecting the movability of mature trees.
- Don't be lazy with the preparation:
Trees that have never been transplanted before, mostly have asymmetrical root networks that grow around natural irregularities in the ground. Trying to uproot these kinds of trees without properly pruning them could prove to be disastrous for your transplanting goals. Here at Moving Trees, our nursery-grown trees are prepared from birth to be moved to new locations. Get in touch with us today to learn more!
- Logistics go a long way
One of the tricks behind successfully transplanting a tree is in the logistics of the process. Look at it this way: would you be able to successfully relocate a 20-foot tall tree without knowing which routes and roads would limit your mobility and pose a threat to the tree? Logistics are an essential part of the tree moving process, never be too lazy to tackle them!
If you'd like to learn more about the art of tree transplanting and how we at Moving Trees get the job done, check out this blog post. Otherwise, if you're ready to get started with transplanting the tree of your dreams into your backyard, don't hesitate to contact us today!


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Faster-than-light communication AUG 18 2008
On the basis of their measurements, the team concluded that if the photons had communicated, they must have done so at least 100,000 times faster than the speed of light -- something nearly all physicists thought would be impossible. In other words, these photons cannot know about each other through any sort of normal exchange of information.
Update: Hrm, the link above scampered behind Nature's paywall. Here's a post on the Scientific American blog instead.


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The above project is being implemented in the area of environmental education Achaia / egaleo and is part of the activities of the European Erasmus Program + / Key Action 3 (KA3): "Structured dialogue - Meetings between young people and decision-makers in the field of youth." The main goal is through a series of discussions between young people and those responsible local bodies for policy on youth arise esteemed results, useful for making good policy practice in the youth field.
It is clear that with this project it is possible for young people to be heard, stating their opinion in formulating positions, proposals and recommendations on the formulation and implementation of youth policies consistent at European level.
Also, the implementation of the project in the region every effort to meet the specific needs of young people, such as:
1) removal of social exclusion,
2) promotion of youth participation in democratic citizenship,
3) understanding of the functioning of democratic institutions,
4) participation in the solidarity, interactive workshops structured, open and democratic dialogue,
5) develop their skills in public speaking and their critical thinking,
6) the information on activities and developments concerning them and broaden their knowledge of the policies of national and European institutions,
7) expression of creativity and understanding of the value determination of individual and group goals,
8) understanding of the spirit and the importance of democratic decision-making process in the implementation of public policies,
9) obtain equal sharing experiences and self-organization of young people to further achieve their personal goals.
The group of young people participating in the Cultural Association Selinitika expect Sun to be a key reference point in the open structured democratic debate in Greece. Furthermore, the experience gained by young people will contribute not only to further their personal development, but also the immediate solution of the problem of participation in public affairs and decision making.
The Region of Western Greece and the Aigialeia will have direct access to the needs of young people and through their participation will promote what active and targeted vision of the New Europe, as there will be an innovative example feasible and inexpensive change to active involvement youth through democratic dialogue, with the possibility of reproducing both locally and on a national scale as best practice training policy institutions for young people.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
The earliest recipe from ancient Rome lists pomegranate seeds, pine nuts, and raisins that were mixed into barley mash.
In the Middle Ages, honey, spices, and preserved fruits were added and the name fruitcake was first used. Robert Sietsema finds that inexpensive sugar from the American Colonies and the discovery that high concentrations of sugar could preserve fruits created an excess of candied fruit. The fruitcake was the way to use them.
In the 18th century, Europeans were baking fruitcakes using nuts from the harvest for good luck in the following year. The cake was saved and eaten before the next harvest. Fruitcakes proliferated until a law in Europe restricted them to Christmas, weddings, and a few other holidays. Even so, the fruitcake remained popular at Victorian Teas in England throughout the 19th century.
Mail-order fruitcakes began in 1913. The management of Ringling Brothers Circus liked the fruitcake from a local bakery in Corsicana, Texas. They ordered them as gifts to be mailed to friends around the country. Collin Street Bakery, using the old European recipe of baker Gus Weidmann and salesman Tom McElwee, grew quickly. They are still selling fruitcakes.
The modern fruitcakes are fundamentally butter cakes, with just enough dough to bind the fruit. The cakes are saturated with liqueurs or brandy, and covered in powdered sugar, both of which prevent mold. Brandy or wine-soaked linens are used to store the fruitcakes. Many people feel fruitcakes improve with age. Some cakes have been eaten 25 years after baking.
Fruitcake in popular culture
The fruitcake has become one of the most ridiculed foods and the butt of many jokes centered on its heaviness and long shelf life.
Former Tonight Show host Johnny Carson joked that there really is only one fruitcake in the world. It is passed from family to family -- a joke also frequently attributed to the writer Calvin Trillin, who denies being the source. Trillin says he was just passing along a theory he "had heard from someone in Denver". He continues, "There is nothing dangerous about fruitcakes as long as people send them along without eating them." The Fruitcake Lady makes appearances with current host Jay Leno where she offers her "fruitcake" opinions.
For the last nine years about 500 people show up in Manitou Springs, Colorado each January for the Great Fruitcake Toss. "We encourage the use of recycled fruitcakes", says Leslie Lewis of the Manitou Springs Chamber of Commerce. The all-time Great Fruitcake Toss record is 420 feet.
Fruitcake is also used, especially in the United Kingdom, as insulting slang for a 'crazy person' (e.g. "Laurence is a complete fruitcake"). It dervies from the expression "nutty as a fruitcake", which was first recorded in 1935.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Crofton Elementary School PTA, Inc. is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit association that prides itself on being a voice for our children, a relevant resource for families, educators and the community, and a strong advocate for public education. Membership in PTA is open to parents or legal guardians of a currently enrolled student at CES, or employees of CES, who want to be involved and make a difference for the education, health, and welfare of children and youth.
The Executive Committee is comprised of current PTA Members. There are four (4) elected officers on the Committee, who are typically parents or guardians of students at our school, but may include CES teachers. The officers are unpaid volunteers, who are passionate about the mission of PTA and the value it delivers to our school community. The bylaws allow for an officer to hold the same elected seat for three years, however they need to be reelected annually. The PTA can function without a vice-president, however all other seats must be filled. The four elected officers, with the Principal, Assistant Principal, Faculty Liaison and Committee Chairpersons make up the Board of Directors. The Faculty Liaison is elected annually by his/her peers. Please see the Bylaws for more information.
To reach out to the entire Executive Committee, please email _EMAIL_.
President – Corie Jones (_EMAIL_) The president is responsible to organize, plan and set priorities for the membership. The president leads the Board of Directors and collaborates with the membership, school administrators and educators to foster a diverse and inclusive environment for members, volunteers and leaders. Overall responsibilities include:
- Support the vice president to recruit, manage, motivate and retain volunteers;
- Run effective programs;
- Support the treasurer to manage money and raise funds;
- Support membership growth and retention;
- Support the secretary to run effective meetings;
- Ensure all voices are heard through effective use of parliamentary procedure;
- Advocate on behalf of students; and,
- Transition to the next leadership team by nurturing potential leaders and preparing the incoming team.
Vice President – Traci Hurst-Morataya (_EMAIL_)
The vice president may be called upon at any time to temporarily assume the place of the president; therefore, he or she should study the president's duties and responsibilities and be familiar with the work of the PTA. In the event of the president's resignation, the vice president assumes all duties until the president's position is filled in accordance with the bylaws. The vice president is responsible for:
- Performing specific duties as provided for in the bylaws;
- Assuming responsibility for duties designated by the president;
- Representing the president in his or her absence or upon request;
- Serve as the committee chair for volunteerism. Recruit, manage, motivate and retain volunteers; and,
- Maintain the master calendar of all PTA events and activities.
Treasurer – Gary Heldt, CPA (_EMAIL_) The treasurer is responsible for ensuring that the PTA's financial records are reviewed and maintained for accuracy; ensuring an audit, financial review or compilation is done in accordance with the bylaws, state PTA requirements, and the PTA's business practice; and as a 501(c)(3), ensure the filing of the PTA's 990 report to the IRS. Overall responsibilities include:
- Ensuring three authorized signatures are on file at the bank for financial transactions; these signatures are usually that of the current president and treasurer, and one other officer as an alternate (no two check signers should be from the same household);
- Collecting all money from persons delegated to collect or to raise funds during a local unit activity, and providing a written receipt for those funds;
- Promptly depositing all money in the name of the local unit in a bank account approved by the board;
- Maintaining an accurate record of all receipts and disbursements;
- Obtaining authorization from the board before writing a check or spending money;
- Remitting, by check, all authorized bills and statements as prescribed in the bylaws;
- Submitting a written financial statement at each board meeting and at each general membership meeting;
- Chairing the Ways and Means Committee and preparing the annual budget as prescribed in bylaws;
- Reporting income and expenses as compared with the budget; and
- Preparing an annual report to be used to review PTA financial records.
Secretary – Cassie Gallagher (_EMAIL_) The secretary is responsible for keeping an accurate record of the proceedings of association meetings. These records are the permanent history of the PTA. Promptness and accuracy are key to this job. The secretary also may be given the responsibility of maintaining all PTA correspondence, including incoming and outgoing communications with members and notifications for all meetings. It is common for a local unit to designate these responsibilities to a corresponding secretary. Additional responsibilities include:
- Ensuring the approved minutes are included in the permanent record of the association;
- Managing content for websites; and,
- Timely communications to PTA membership of key messages, news and actions/activities.


The area of Fairfax County known as Burke is named for Silas Burke (1796–1854), a 19th-century farmer, merchant, and local politician who built a house on a hill overlooking the valley of Pohick Creek in approximately 1824. The house is still standing. When the Orange and Alexandria Railroad was constructed in the late 1840s, the railroad station at the base of that hill was named "Burke's Station" after Burke, who owned the land in the area and donated a right-of-way to the railroad company. The community that grew up around the railroad station acquired a post office branch in 1852. Currently, railroad tracks on the same historical line are owned by the Norfolk Southern Railway and form part of the Manassas line of the Virginia Railway Express commuter rail system, of which two stations lie in the Burke area. The original Burke Station building can still be seen in the community, turned 90 degrees from its historical footprint.
During the Civil War, the railway station was garrisoned by Union troops. The Bog Wallow Ambush occurred in the vicinity in 1861. On December 28, 1862, Confederate cavalry under General J.E.B. Stuart raided the station. Stuart seized supplies from the area, destroyed a nearby bridge, monitored Union messages passing over the telegraph lines, and then famously sent a telegram to Union Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs complaining of the poor quality of the mules he had captured. Further action was seen in the neighborhood in 1863.
In 1903, the name of the post office was changed from Burke's Station to "Burke" by Henry C. Copperthite, who bought the Burke House and 241 acres to build a racetrack for trotting and pacing horses. Copperthite was the largest non-governmental employer in Washington, D.C., and he was the "King of Pie". In 1914 his factory in Georgetown was turning out 50,000 pies a day. He built four hotels, stables, and expanded the general store in Burke. Burke soon became a summer getaway from the city's heat for people from all walks of life who came to the Copperthite track and to Burke to attend fairs, see horse races, foot races, motorcycle races, exhibition boxing and baseball games. There were special trains that ran from Union Station in D.C., Alexandria, Prince William and Loudoun counties and as far away as Richmond. Copperthite installed the first phones in Burke, and his stables housed the horses of President McKinley and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. The site of the racetrack was marked by a historic marker erected by Fairfax County in 2016.
*Source Wikipedia*
Data last updated: Jan 24, 2021 2:36:am.


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Residents of our Rutherford Estate, our growing flock of enjoys a diet supplemented with fruits and vegetables. Their organic eggs are highlighted on the Farmstead at Long Meadow Ranch menu and are sold each week at Farmer's Market. The flock is also a vital contributor to our fertilizer program.
The Ameraucana breed was formulated and standardized, primarily in the north central U.S., to provide a colored egg fowl possessing practical and true-breeding characteristics and were not recognized as a distinct breed until the early 1980's.
Black Australorp
Cuckoo Marans
Cuckoo Marans are a very rare breed of chicken that has black and white banded feathers similar in appearance to a barred rock. The breed originated in Marans, a town on the Atlantic coast, near La Rochelle (France). In the 12th century, with the marriage of Henri of Plantagenet, Duke of Anjou, who became Henri II of England, to Aleanor of Aquitaine a part of the south west of France was brought under English rule as part of her dowry The English domination lasted two centuries. So, English ships often stopped over at La Rochelle (near Marans) and unloaded fighting cocks which were crossbred to local hens, ultimately resulting in this unique breed. The males are lighter colored than females. The Maran's eggs are a distinctive dark chocolate brown color.


text: Fuzzy rules are used to model solute dispersion in a river dead zone, such that the turbulent diffusion is determined by a fuzzy inference system which relates the local mean velocity shear to the longitudinal velocity fluctuations. A finite-volume hybrid scheme is applied to a non-orthogonal grid for which a mean velocity field is produced using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package Telemac 2D. At each cell face fuzzy rules predict a fuzzy number, and these numbers reflect the possible magnitudes of turbulent velocity fluctuations. These are input to the finite-volume model using a single-value simulation method. Multiple model runs produce a fuzzy number for the solute concentration in each cell. The results of the fuzzy model are then compared with data collected in a field experiment with rhodamine dye in the River Severn.


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Full course description
3 Professional Development hours
Teachers will use Lessons #3 and #4 of Fearless Fractions to create Mock Tails using equivalent fractions. Lesson #3 emphasizes understanding fractions in the simplest form using concrete models. Lesson #4 focuses on understanding of renaming mixed numbers as improper fractions using concrete models.


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How do I use Person Code to limit access to a survey?
You can a limit who is able to respond to a survey by setting a person code within a survey. Person code is simply set by setting the variable p= on the URL of a survey. So an example survey URL might be like
You substitute you own value for [p_value], so the actual link might look something like this.
The actual value you use after the p= does not matter. You can use the p code to match survey responses to customer ids in other systems.
SurveyTown treats the "p" variable in a couple special ways.
- SurveyTown will store the value automatically with the survey response.
- If you check to limit taking of surveys by person code, SurveyTown will look to see if there is a response with that personcode already attached to that survey it will block the respondent from taking the survey again.
In sum, by adding a p= variable onto the end of your survey URLs you can match your survey responses to customers and limit the ability for customers to take a survey more than one time.


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Biology Sponsored by
Researchers at the National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS) have reported that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel in keratinocytes is important to maintain skin barrier function and prevent skin dehydation. According to these researchers, chemicals that modulate TRPV4 activity, could affect barrier repair of damaged skin.
The research, led by Takaaki Sokabe and Makoto Tominaga, was published in a report in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. According to the research, TRPV4 is a physiological sensor for hypo-osmorality, mechanical deformation and warm temperature.
The channel activation leads to various cellular effects involving Ca2+ dynamics. The researchers found that TRPV4 interacts with β-catenin, a component linking adherens-junctions and the actin cytoskeleton, thereby enhancing cell-cell junction development and formation of the tight barrier between skin keratinocytes.
A study conducted on mice, showed that a deficiency of TRPV4 resulted in impairment of the intercellular junction-dependent barrier function in the skin. The researchers reported, "In TRPV4-deficient keratinocytes, extracellular Ca2+-induced actin rearrangement and stratification were delayed, following significant reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ increase and small GTPase Rho activation. TRPV4 protein located where the cell-cell junctions are formed and the channel-deficiency caused abnormal cell-cell junction structures, resulting in higher intercellular permeability in vitro."
The researchers concluded that TRPV4 uses skin temperature to provide Ca2+ for cell-cell junction complexes to reinforce their tightness. Perhaps this research can be used to develop a raw material that maintains the skin barrier regardless of skin temperature.


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Organizing employee training and development is a very delicate process. The methods used should engage employees and keep them motivated for long periods of time. According to Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, the two best ways for people to remember something is through real experiences and contrived experiences, respectively.
Some realities are far too big and complex to grasp. That's why representative models (mock-ups) can be used in order to provide an experience close to reality. These models provide concrete experiences, even if not as concrete as direct experiences, that allow for visualization and practice. They make the learning experience more accessible to the learner, which fosters better understanding of the concepts.
An example of an experiential learning tool is a business simulation. In a business simulation, participants learn by running a virtual business in an interactive, risk-free, and realistic environment. Using real-world competitive dynamics, participants experience critical interdependencies, execute best practices, and gain exposure to the big picture.
A business simulation is also a powerful tool for organizational learning and development. Business simulations are an interactive learning experience that allow participants to truly engage in the material. They encourage the development of business skills by presenting testing business scenarios and asking the participants to make informed decisions.
Strategic planning and execution are important business activities. The process of defining a company's direction and making decisions on allocations of resources is crucial for an entrepreneur. The main aspect of simulation games revolves around careful planning and
strategy execution to ensure the optimum return for the effort put in. Simulations offer a great way of developing business acumen among leaders, giving them a broad enterprise perspective, strategic thinking, and financial acumen.
Unsurprisingly, gamification is a current trend in business training. The usage of gaming methods in employee training makes every training session an exciting and eventful experience, thus keeping them motivated throughout long learning periods. Furthermore, companies are increasingly turning to simulations to help build strategic alignment when faced with implementing a new strategy. Business simulations allow for implementing culture change by accelerating innovation and strategy execution.
To summarize, here are 6 reasons for using business simulations in a company:
1. Put theory into practice
Simulations emulate real-world challenges and allow participants to put theory into practice in a dynamic environment. Through this kind of experimentation, participants can put theories to the test, see what works best, and come up with innovative solutions.
2. Boost participant engagement
Learning outcomes are highly dependent on the conditions and motivation for learning. Business simulations are hands-on learning tools that involve competition between participants. The game-like nature of business simulations is proven to engage participants.
3. Higher knowledge retention
Experiential learning methodology yields a higher level of knowledge retention compared to other instruction methods. A simulation provides a big picture view of operations, meaning that participants are able to grasp a wide range of concepts and materials in a short period of time.
4. Practical environment for soft skills development
By playing a business simulation, participants need to apply and practice important soft skills, such as adaptability, reliability, teamwork, collaboration, conflict resolution, critical thinking, communication, problem solving, etc.
5. Increase entrepreneurial and enterprise skills
Business simulations also develop participants' holistic thinking, decision making, and strategic skills. This results in the dissemination of best practices and strategy execution.
6. Learning to fail and to cope with uncertainty
Failure is never pleasant, but learning from your own mistakes is a key part of self-improvement. Business simulations provide a risk-free environment where failure is safe, yet the lessons learned are genuine and applicable in real life.
Try out our simulations and bring out your inner CEO!


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Author(s): Salinas F, Nevado JJ, Mansilla AE
Abstract Share this page
Abstract A new spectrophotometric method for resolving binary mixtures is proposed. The method is based on use of the first derivative of the ratios of spectra. The absorption spectrum of the mixture is obtained and the amplitudes at appropriate wavelengths are divided by the corresponding amplitudes in the absorption spectrum of a standard solution of one of the components, and the first derivative of the ratio spectrum is obtained. The concentration of the other component is then determined from a calibration graph. The method has been applied for resolving binary mixtures of salicylic and salicyluric acids. Calibration graphs for 2.6-52 ppm salicylic acid and for 2.1-42 ppm salicyluric acid were established by measuring the analytical signals at the maximum at 241.5 nm (for salicylic acid) and from the peak at 258 nm to the trough at 247 nm (for salicyluric acid) in the first derivative ratio spectra.
This article was published in Talanta
and referenced in Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta


010102: A-priori probability must be between 0 and 1.
The apriori file gives a weight to the input classes that will be used during the classification. Each cell in the classification has a probability of being assigned to each class. The cell will be assigned to the class that it has the highest probability of being. In certain situations, you know that a cell is more likely to be part of one class over the other.
For example, if you are classifying a coastal area, it is more likely that a cell will be water than another land use. Since this apriori information defines a probability, to normalize the probabilities, they should add up to 1. Therefore, all apriori probabilities must be between 0 and 1.
Make sure all the probabilities in the apriori file are between 0 and 1. Check the Class Probability or Maximum Likelihood Classification documentation for further details on the formatting of the apriori file.