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If an infant has an inefficient suck because of lack of buccal fat pads and often slightly low tone the combination can result in too wide a jaw excursion and a very inefficient suck. Why would you not give jaw and cheek support (as needed) to make the whole coordination process easier and less fatiguing? If the baby's resulting suck then is strong enough to receive too fast a flow, I would think that the solution would be to use a nipple with a slower flow rate, not eliminate the support that improved the suck. If nurses are giving too much support, it would also help to provide the training to create guidelines for the amount of support that is just right for each infant.
With all of our NICU babies, the value or adverse effect of strategies requires consideration of a number of underlying and related issues. One must consider the whole infant, i.e. co-morbidities (respiratory, airway, sensory-motor, and GI) when looking at supportive/compensatory techniques for feeding/swallowing.
Sucking pads are believed to develop in the last month of intrauterine life, so approximately 36 weeks in utero. So they are not available to many preterms. In normal postural/oral-motor development, the cheeks and lips are not active (i.e. not used) for feeding in the normal newborn until he is 3-4 months of life. Prior to that time, the cheeks/lips (they work as a system) posture on the nipple/breast for stability–they do not actively form an anterior seal to obtain the fluid bolus. As a result, the nutritive suck is achieved through a strong "tongue-palate" seal. I have seen a couple newborns and preterms with, unfortunately, multiple hemangiomas that eroded the cheeks and lips right after birth; each was able to feed effectively (no cheek support needed) due to an intact tongue and palate, and, therefore, a tongue-palate seal.
Even with a slow flow/controlled flow nipple, our vulnerable preterms can get too much flow, too large a bolus. When we add cheek support, we will increase the flow rate and the bolus size. Because most preterms have very strong sucks, often too strong for their own good, and are "stuck in sucking" much of the time, as Pamela Lemons wrote, caregivers must look at the dynamic, or synactive, impact of all interventions on each other. So if cheek support is used, it affects more than the suck, in other words. Increasing the flow rate, or doing so inadvertently through cheek support, is not supportive for preterms' swallowing safety. While it will increase intake (efficiency of feeding), it is likely to result in physiologic instability. This may or may not be apparent as aspiration events in preterms are most often silent in my clinical experience. The anatomy of the preterm and the physiology of the swallow predispose the infant to easily overfill the valleculae; this, combined with a tendency toward increased work of breathing and an increased respiratory rate, along with neuromotor and neurologic immaturity, can render the airway unsafe. The preterm is unlikely to be able to make the dynamic adjustments required as the pharynx reconfigures itself from a respiratory tract to an alimentary tract and back to a respiratory tract with each swallow, especially if it occurs in the presence of flow that may readily move to a rate beyond his capacity.
We can provide the postural stability to offset lack of sucking pads through effective swaddling with limbs to the body midline, elbows inside the blanket, a sidelying position, neutral head neck flexion with slight tilting down of the chin, and offer effective external pacing based on the infant's continuous feedback to help suck, swallow and breathing remain coupled and synchronous.
Over the last 25+ years working in Level III NICUs, I have rarely needed cheek support to facilitate safe and effective feeding; those occasions have been with sick newborns, not preterms.
I have also observed preterms offered cheek support during a Video Swallow Study (to assess its impact on the swallow, as it was being used at bedside by well-intentioned caregivers), overfill the valleculae and penetrate or aspirate as a result. Matthews wrote years ago that, with preterms, it is not the work of "sucking" that makes feeding challenging but the work of trying to "breathe" in the presence of a flow they cannot manage safely, which in turn then inhibits/disrupts breathing.
If volume is the overriding goal, cheek support may be viewed as a critical tool by some caregivers, and often unfortunately is. As there is hopefully a paradigm shift from "Volume Driven" to "Infant Driven" feeding in NICUs, the reasoning behind not using cheek support for preterms will hopefully be more readily understood by our nursing colleagues. Until then, helping our nursing colleagues understand the "why" behind our protective strategies, and the why behind strategies that are not viewed as supportive, is a good interim step.


Feeding leopard geckos
Feeding pet Leopard geckos
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Leopard geckos need to eat insects to survive. The correct principles and foods can make feeding time a pleasure for both the owner and pet Leopard geckos.
Esitmated reading time: 4 mins. (1 006 words) | Be the first to comment | 7 references cited
Introduction to feeding pet Leopard geckos
Leopard geckos are considered entirely insectivorous(32)(49)(50), meaning they mainly eat and digest insects as food. Popular feeder insects for healthy Leopard geckos include correctly sized crickets(30)(32)(50) and mealworms(30)(50). Popular feeding times are during the evenings, dusk and dawn. The diet of Leopard geckos needs to be supplemented with vitamins and minerals.
A variety of gut-loaded insect prey should be offered(32).
Various feeding related items for Leopard geckos and other lizards are commercially available from places like Amazon.com, pet shops, reptile retailers and other online shops.
Feeder insects for Leopard geckos
Because of their quality, acceptability, size and availability, crickets and mealworms will often be the most commonly used feeder insects for Leopard geckos. It is important to offer a variety of insect sizes/ages and types. Commercially available insects should take preference over, more dangerous, wild-caught ones and it is preferable that they are obtained from trusted, reputable pet shops and/or insect farms.
Although some Leopard geckos will occasionally accept dead insects, feeder insects should be alive and fresh (i.e. gut-loaded). Commercial insects can either be obtained as-needed or can be bred in large or small quantities at home. Some insects such as mealworms are easy to store for longer periods, but Leopard gecko keepers typically buy enough feeder insects to last for about a week.
Other good commercial feeder insects include walking insects such as Dubia roaches(30)(50) and small locusts/grasshoppers(30)(50) and crawling insects like waxworms(30)(50), Phoenix worms, silkworms(30) and Trevo worms. The occasional pinky mouse can also be offered to adult Leopard geckos(30).
Food sizes for Leopard geckos
Whatever feeder insects are used, they should also be the correct size for Leopard geckos. The average size of the insects that are being fed to Leopard geckos should not exceed the width of the Leopard gecko's head. In other words, the length between the eyes of the Leopard gecko.
Feeder insects and pinky mice can often be ordered and bought according to their size. Although dependant on the type of insect, sizes are generally marked as (extra small), small, medium and large. Baby Leopard geckos will need small to medium-sized insects where adults will need larger sizes.
How much to feed Leopard geckos
The number of insects that will be consumed per feeding will depend on the feeding frequency, type and size of insects, availability of ad-lib food, environmental factors such as average heating, and the age, size of the personal preference of the Leopard gecko. Depending on these factors, anything between one and around ten insects can be considered normal.
Walking insects such as crickets can be offered one-by-one, or a few at a time until the Leopard gecko has lost interest. Some keepers prefer leaving walking insects in the enclosure for up to an hour. Excess (non-eaten) insects should be removed. Free-roaming insects become 'stale', can spread diseases, cause stress and possibly cause injuries to sleeping Leopard geckos.
Crawling insects such as mealworms can be offered ad libitum (always available) in a small shallow escape-proof dish. Although 'crawlies' should always be available, they must always be fresh. It is also a good idea to offer crawling insects in the same container as the powdered supplements are offered in (see below).
How often to feed Leopard geckos
The frequency of feeding depends on the age, reproductive status, body condition and health status of Leopard geckos.
It is generally accepted that baby and juvenile Leopard geckos should be fed every day until they are about 1 year of age. So should sick, pregnant females, debilitated and tailless Leopard geckos.
Depending on their body condition score, adult Leopard geckos can be fed every other day.
Supplementation for Leopard geckos
Probably the only disadvantage of feeding commercial feeder insects (vs. wild-caught insects) is that vitamin and mineral supplementation is required(50). For Leopard geckos, food supplementation is vital(30)(32).
Because it is not always advisable to supply ultraviolet (UV) lighting to Leopard geckos(30)(32), calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation plays an important role in maintaining bone mass and overall health.
Leopard gecko feeding on powdered mealworms
Lick supplementation is part of feeding Leopard geckos. In this image, a Leopard gecko is eating mealworms from a shallow dish also containing a powdered calcium/vitamin D3 supplement. Image by Renier Delport
Feeder insects should be gut-loaded with an appropriate mineral/vitamin supplement and should be dusted two to three times a week with a calcium/vitamin D3 combination powder. An ad-lib supply of powdered calcium/vitamin D3 supplement as 'lick', should be supplied in a small shallow dish or lid for additional calcium needs.
Where to feed
The best place to feed Leopard geckos is inside their enclosure — there where the temperature and lighting are more natural and preferable. To prevent accidental ingestion of particulate substrates, such as sand and gravel, food can be offered in shallow containers, on a feeding platform or, if it is tolerated, by hand.
It's feeding time!
Being crepuscular(50)(51)(59) to nocturnal(49)(69) and cathemeral, Leopard geckos will mostly come out to feed during dusk, dawn and the evenings. This makes early mornings and the evenings the best time to offer food to Leopard geckos.
Correct feeding will ensure that Leopard geckos grow strong and healthy. When using the correct food and principles, feeding Leopard geckos becomes less of a chore and more of a pleasure.
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How Performance-Based Assessments Designed by Student Interns Promote Interest-Based Skill Development
At Del Lago Academy, we believe that learning is not bound by the walls of our school. Rich and transformative learning experiences happen at home, in the community, and at places of work. Our internship program allows scholars to leave campus and build relationships with mentors that help shape their identity and learn about the work that happens in our region. For 6 weeks each spring, scholars spend 2 days a week building skills and knowledge in places of work, such as laboratories, catering businesses, hospitals, and departments within our city government. A recent goal with this work has been to promote deeper internship experiences with more intentional skill development.
As part of the Competency X project, we wondered if we could leverage our approach with ePortfolios and Digital Badges to promote skill development that was more relevant to both the scholar and their work context. We knew that some of our internships were job shadow experiences with menial tasks. Our idea was that we could have a mentor and scholar co-create a performance-based assessment to capture the skill development that was most important in that place of work. The hope was that this assessment would shift the goal setting a scholar does with their mentor. The goals would be designed around novel competencies that are needed in specific work context. Scholars would capture authentic evidence and mentor validations in a portfolio and recognize this evidence with a co-created digital badge. The digital badge would be open and accessible for others to earn and can help inform future applicants about the context specific work in an internship.
We piloted this approach in 2017 and launched a second iteration this year that resulted in more authentic, open-ended, and process-oriented assessments and evidence of learning than we captured in the past. The process of co-creating a performance-based assessment began with identifying an area of growth in their internship industry and work towards innovating a solution for that area. To help them identify this growth area, we used a model of reflection, evaluation, and innovation called Roses, Buds, and Thorns, illustrated in the figure below.
Model of Reflection, Evaluation, and Innovation: Roses, Buds, and Thorns:
We asked scholars in their industry performance assessment to collect evidence and reflections on a Rose, a task that needed to be fostered, a Bud that needed only some minor adjustments, and a Thorn that needed to be rearranged or eliminated. Scholars collected learning evidence in a portfolio and used this to help identify their own Roses, Buds, and Thorns for skills they needed for success. Scholars then designed an assessment to capture and inform their own growth and recognize it with a digital badge.
Aisha Wallace-Palomares interned at Zero Waste San Diego, an organization dedicated to developing zero-waste initiatives. Aisha, a young woman fully dedicated to social and environmental justice, recognized their dedication to their mission and capitalized on their commitment by developing a proposal of her own:
As an intern I created a proposal to create a "Sustainability Innovation Center" at the Central Library. This would ensure the ability for people across all socioeconomic levels to access resources and information relating to sustainability and environment. There would be a rooftop garden, a composting area, window farming, rain harvesting, and a demonstration area.
Aisha recognized that the commitment and resources of Zero Waste San Diego was already there, as was the commitment of the Central Library to evolve into a true champion for their community. Her proposal combined the resources and commitment of both of these organizations to redesign existing space and bring a new resource to the community. Her reflections post-internship demonstrated the development of interest-based skills that really could not be taught from a podium or measured through a traditional assessment. Her proposal demonstrated strong written and spoken communication skills, collaboration and creativity, professionalism, and advocacy.
Next, we gave Aisha and other scholars the opportunity to find their own Roses, Buds, and Thorns with skills they needed for this level of success in their internship. Scholars collected evidence of their learning, and then reflected on the extent to which they mastered skills that they identified as Roses, Buds, and Thorns. The evidence was captured in a portfolio and recognized by a digital badge. Below are some examples of these digital badge based performance assessments.
We learned a tremendous amount from the badges scholars created with their mentors. These badges will soon be open on our digital badge platform and serve as a recruiting tool for future internship applicants. Teachers, administrators, mentors and internship program organizers will be able to view scholar badge profiles to discover scholars who have the skills and interests that fit the requirements of a particular job/internship role or mentorship program. The scholar co-created badges can currently be found in portfolio entries, such as the ones below:
This work by scholars indicates the power that comes from youth participating in the performance assessment design process. Our learning with this work will be continually shared at Competency X. We are continually inspired by the Assessment for Learning movement that aims to help us all broaden the definition of success and create more equitable opportunities for learners to advance with goals they set for college, career, and life.
OER Resources for Co-Created Badges

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for humanities sciences al qadisiya,
2017, Volume 20, Issue 4, Pages 357-390
AbstractThe Public Knowledge Act of 1869 laid down the responsibility for the establishment and maintenance of primary schools and teachers' salaries for the local population. The involvement of parents in spending on public schools was limited to primary schools. Even public schools were financed by local endowments and imports. In the early 20th century, Which pays the expenses and expenses of primary schools, but has not abandoned its policy of assigning the task of building schools to the parents. The number of elementary schools in Beirut and the districts and districts that were later annexed before the establishment of the state of Beirut until 1886 was 56 primary schools, distributed between government and Muslims, except for schools of sects and foreign schools. After the establishment of the state in 1887, there was a clear increase in the number of schools built.
The Ottoman State used primary schools to teach teachers, most of them in religious schools or schoolteachers, and some Turkish teachers who graduated from the Teachers' House in Istanbul, but the government later realized the importance of establishing teacher training schools in its states. Five teacher training schools in Beirut, Tripoli, Sham, Acre and Nablus.
The number of schoolchildren was uneven, as the number of Muslim pupils was slightly lower than that of non-Muslim students, as well as the neglect of female education. As for the subjects of study in Muslim schools, official and non-official, religious sciences constituted the largest proportion, except for the arithmetic was the only article of a modern nature in the primary school curricula, and the schools of foreigners have developed curricula that serve their purposes, including teaching languages, The doctrines of the sects and the institutions that established them. Students in primary schools are admitted to the schools after taking an exam. Students who receive primary school certificates during the June school exams can enter the school without taking an exam.
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A NOTE CONCERNING THE BREATH
By Brian Goldstein
(Frater Achad AL)
Copyright © 2006 e.v.
Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn.
Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law.
This note concerns the Breath, and its use in Magick. These are matters of profound importance which, when properly understood, can be of great assistance to you in the Great Work.
As discussed in other documents of the Order, your Body of Light surrounds your physical body. Consider your physical body as a material extension existing within your Body of Light. Your Body of Light has the form of a Sphere. It is also known as the Sphere of Sensation for the reason that you can "sense" through your Sphere. It is through your Sphere that you will come to experience and know the Universal forces which we work with in Magick.
You control the action within and about your Sphere through your Will. You can assert your Will in relation to your Sphere by using the Breath.
Consider, in this regard, that there is a positive and negative pulse to every Breath. These pulses are necessary in Nature to counterbalance each other and maintain Universal equilibrium. Within your Sphere, these pulses can initially be understood by contemplating the movement of two separate circles.
The first circle can be viewed as about the perimeter of your Sphere. As you inhale, this circle is drawn into and concentrates as a point in the center of your Sphere (following the influx of the Breath itself). As you exhale, the same circle (now concentrated as a point) expands to the perimeter of your Sphere (following the outflow of the Breath).
The second circle should be viewed as initially concentrated as a point in the center of your Sphere. As you inhale, this point expands (as suggested by the outward movement or expansion of the chest) to the perimeter of your Sphere. As you exhale, this same circle (now expanded about your Sphere) concentrates again as a point in the center of your Sphere (as suggested by the contraction of the chest).
Meditating on the Planetary Sigil of the Sun, which is a point in the center of a circle, may give you further insight into these mysteries.
Another aid to assist your understanding of these positive and negative pulses, and their operation within your Sphere, would be to extend one hand directly in front of you, and place the other hand on your Heart, so the two form a line. As you inhale, the hands gradually counterchange positions through equal linear movement. As you exhale, they do so again (counterchange positions), and return to their original positions. This would be viewed as just one radius from the center of your Sphere. Your Sphere, however, actually operates and is formed by an infinite series of ever expanding and contracting concentric circles, which are in balance with each other. A great deal can be learned by contemplating the patterns and mysteries of the Breath.
Initially, you can gain knowledge as to the existence and operation of your Sphere through the Breath. You can "blow-up" your Sphere, like a magickal balloon, and give it shape and structure. Your Sphere is your "lens" into the Universe. However, it must be "exercised" (so to say), and purified and consecrated to the Great Work, to make it usable to you in Magick.
Rhythmic breathing, or pranayama, is something which is recommended early in magickal training. It naturally calms the mind and body, and assists the concentration. All you need to do is sit still, in whatever position (asana) you choose (even if you are upright in a chair, feet together and flat on the ground, with each hand resting on a leg, which is called the "God Position"), and breathe in a sustained rhythmic pattern which you find comfortable. Close your physical eyes (if you Will, this becomes unnecessary once experienced in these matters), but "open" the "eyes" of your Body of Light to watch the images projected on the "screen of your mind". You will learn from this process. Prolonging your meditation for 30 minutes to an hour is recommended once you have acquired these skills, to allow yourself time to "slip" into the meditation and spend adequate time concentrating on the magickal work at hand. It is best to do this (especially initially) in your Magick Circle, formed by the Lesser Banishing Ritual of the Pentagram, and purified and consecrated to the Great Work. The use of a properly constructed Circle will aid your concentration, and reduce distracting influences. However, meditation on the Great Work (even without the physical or mental act of casting a Circle) is always encouraged at any appropriate time.
Certain breathing techniques are recommended. The method of breathing is commonly referred to as "pore breathing". You breathe through the nose of your physical body. However, in Magick, you also breathe through every "pore" of your physical body and Body of Light. In short, consider yourself completely porous when you breathe. This will assist you in learning to "sense" through your Sphere. It will also assist you in coming to connect with and know the energies you call into action within your Sphere.
As to rhythmic breathing patterns, you determine what is best for you. The Fourfold Breath is recommended in the Neophyte materials. This is a simple pattern, which is repeated, where you inhale for a count of four, hold for a count of four, exhale for a count of four, and hold for a count of four. Other recommendations are given in Part I, Chapter II of Liber ABA: Book 4 and in Liber Ru vel Spiritus sub figura 206 (found in Appendix VII to Book 4) for you to consider. Continue your rhythmic pattern (whatever it may be) for several minutes or until you feel calm and still. Then, proceed with a deep quiet silent breath, which is a reflection of a quiet mind, or as the work requires. The Breath is a symbol of Spirit. By attuning yourself to the Breath with the aid of these exercises, you attune yourself to Spirit and prepare yourself to perform the Great Work.
As suggested above, the Breath can be used many ways in Magick.
When you are in a Magick Circle, which is symbolic of your Sphere of Sensation, every movement you make, and every breath you take, should strengthen the Circle. Breathe order into your Circle. Give it further structure according to the formulae you learn in your rites, using everything you know (omitting nothing). Be conscious of your breath, and use it to aid all of your work when performing rites.
When invoking a force, e.g., an Elemental or Planetary force or a Name, completely inhale the force (represented by a symbol thereof or the Name itself) to bring the force into action within your Sphere, and project the force into action on the exhale (whether you speak or not). Then, work with the force in the intended way. When casting a Circle, this might involve assigning an Elemental force to a particular quarter of your Circle. Other types of invocations may be of a more general nature, when you are filling or saturating your Sphere with the force to learn more of its nature.
When you have invoked a force, the Breath may be used to equilibrate the force. This may be done by mentally spreading and balancing the force about and within your Sphere with the aid of the Breath. Focusing on the patterns of the positive and negative pulses described above will assist the process. Also, visualizing different geometric shapes within your Sphere (especially a Solar Cross of equal arms) can help. As you do so, you will come to further know the force, in a balanced form, which will allow you to more readily call and work with the force in your Magick.
The Breath can also assist in projections. This may be the projection of a force into the Universe or a magickal link. It could also be the projection of your Sphere in a particular direction (e.g., when performing tattwa rites or tarot path-workings, and the like) or to another Sphere or Plane. The Signs of the Enterer and of Silence can additionally be used when performing this type of work.
The Breath can assist you in coming to know the masculine and feminine energies which exist in Nature. This is suggested above. The masculine types are active and outgoing. The feminine types receive and transmit. The different types, which are all aspects or expressions of Spirit, are represented through the Elements and the Planets, and by the Sun and the Moon, the Lingam and the Yoni, the Yang and the Yin, etc. In the Thelemic Pantheon, these forces are represented in the Most High by the God Hadit and the Goddess Nuit. May you come to further know these forces, and the 93 current of this Aeon of Horus, through the aid of the Breath. To do so, find the secret flame of Hadit burning in your Heart. This is the Invisible Light of Kether shining in the centre of the Sun. As you inhale, reach out to Nuit, our Lady of the Stars, focusing on no particular symbol. Your Sphere operates in Her Womb, as pictured on the Stele of Revealing. Feel Her loving embrace all about you. As you exhale, and there is a consolidation of energies within your Sphere, invoke Hadit again. You must be Hadit to invoke Nuit, and Nuit to invoke Hadit. The process is continuous. As you come to understand the union of the two within your Sphere (think of the Planetary Sigil of the Sun and what is otherwise described above), may you come to further know the


Are You Pushing Your Kids Too Much?
Sometimes as parents we need to give our kids a little push to get them going in the right direction, but occasionally we end up pushing too hard. How do we know when enough is enough? How do we know if we are pushing too hard? Here's a go-to guide to decide whether we are being encouraging or downright pushy:
1. If your kid starts to dread doing an activity, hobby, or sport, you may be pushing him or her too hard to love something that perhaps he or she doesn't love... but you do. Yes, sometimes kids will dread when activities or academics pose too much of a challenge for them, but we do know when our kids are simply afraid or struggling... or really disliking an experience. Pay attention to the "dread." Is your child simply trying to avoid the hard work or not enjoying the process? As parents, we need to encourage them to work through obstacles, but there is a difference between a struggle and simply distaste for something. It's hard to not want your child to love art, basketball, piano, or what have you as much as you do, but sometimes even if our children show an inkling of interest in what we do, it may not last long once a kid gets a shot at trying something out, and as parents, it can be sad when you see that your kid hates what you love. Most importantly, though, we must remember our kids are individuals, and we have to let them be who they are as they are!
Read More: Are You Pushing Your Kids Too Much?
Know the Difference Between Pushy & Encouraging,
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What Are the Different Types of Geolocation Marketing? | Blog | IP Geolocation API
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What Are the Different Types of Geolocation Marketing?
What Are the Different Types of Geolocation Marketing?
Geotargeting refers to the practice of serving ads or content to relevant consumers based on their location. The criteria for geotargeting users in a specific location varies, but most use IP addresses to define the scope of a campaign.
A classic example of geotargeting is using a local pay-per-click (PPC) ad on either social media or search engines. When users look up "pet store near me" on their browser, for example, the top results would be ads and local listings optimized for that search term.
The idea is to optimize campaign assets for the area in which a company operates. If your business only sells pet food within San Francisco, then it doesn't help to show your ads to users on the East Coast.
But how can you attract relevant buyers only? Behind the scenes, digital marketers can configure geotargeting for their ads. One way is to pin a location from an ad platform's integrated mapping service. Another is by using a device's IP address, as this corresponds to a particular country, state, or city. With this approach, marketers can narrow down on their prospects based on where they're accessing certain content.
Geotargeting goes hand in hand with localization techniques, which involves different website layouts or language versions per region. Hertz, Nescafe, McDonald's, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and Nike are just some of the brands that use this technique. To see the strategy in action, visit these brands' sites and then look for your country/region and language preferences.
IP Geolocation API is an excellent addition to any marketer's toolkit as it sources data from a comprehensive database. It covers most IP addresses in use, enabling marketers to learn more thoroughly about their audiences and spot emerging trends.
Beacons refer to the protocol and hardware transmitters used to send and receive low-level Bluetooth signals. Beacon sensors are set up around a store premise or, at times, even farther away from the actual establishment. When customers move into a beacon's range, it sends them a notification (also known as a "broadcast") for a sale or promotion, perhaps.
The concept behind beacon marketing is akin to casting a net around a location to lure customers. However, beacons cannot discern between a prized catch and an average one. That's because beacons cannot discern one individual from another. They're only designed to scan an area for beacon-enabled devices. Moreover, shoppers have to allow their app or device to receive alerts from nearby beacons. Beacons will stop sending personalized communications to customers once they're out of range.
Beacons are especially popular among retail stores. Macy's, Target, Neiman Marcus, and Barney's New York are among the technology's early adopters. These retailers use beacons to promote anything from engaging mobile content to in-store holiday events.
Geofencing is a location-based marketing tactic that uses Global Positioning System (GPS), radio frequency identification (RFID), Wi-Fi, and cellular data to define a geographic target market. As the name suggests, it sets up virtual fences around a business's premises or a city that is activated by signals from devices.
Geofences work the same way as beacons do. They can tell businesses if its prospective customers are nearby. They trigger a response when customers enter and leave a space bound by a virtual fence. Such responses can come in the form of in-app alerts, text messages, discount coupons, or even emails. Unlike beacons, however, no specialized hardware is required to activate geofences — just plain old software, with little or no coding involved.
Geofencing is prevalent in the transportation and supermarket industries. A commonly cited success story is that of Wholefoods, which set up geofences in competing stores. It used geofences to refine its target market by matching them with the right ads and offers.
Sales bottlenecks can be frustrating for any marketing professional. The good news is that various types of geolocation marketing can help marketers hone their sub-performing campaigns.
Geotargeting, among these, can pinpoint customer groups according to the location so that they can design better experiences for them and increase conversions with the right IP intelligence tool such as IP Geolocation API.
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text:
Expanding V-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry
- CDC needs data on COVID-19 vaccine safety for pregnant people.
- Abt collects information about pregnancy/birth outcomes for CDC.
- Abt provides data weekly to inform CDC's analyses.
COVID-19 may put pregnant people at risk for severe illness or death, but data are limited on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for them. To monitor potential safety issues, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created the v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry to collect data on adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and pregnancy complications. CDC's preliminary findings show that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered during pregnancy are safe. However, more data are needed to inform clinical and policy decisions.
Abt's call-center staff enroll vaccinated pregnant people into the registry to collect information about adverse outcomes following vaccination. Interviewers administer telephone surveys to participants once during each trimester, at the end of pregnancy, and when the newborn is three months old. Interviewers seek information about healthcare providers for the pregnant person and infant, which CDC uses to collect medical record data for a subset of registry participants. Interviewers enter all data in real-time into CDC's REDCap online data collection and management platform.
Abt generates weekly analytic datasets and call metrics dashboard reports to keep CDC apprised of study progress and provide data for ongoing analyses.


45L Contractor
Differences Between 45L Tax Credit and 179D Tax Deduction
This article is meant to assist you to understand the policies that the U.S government is employing to favor the construction of Eco-friendly houses and gadgets in general by use of tax incentives. The aim here is to enlighten all parties that have particular interests in saving up monies meant to engage in the construction of commercial buildings as well as homes. Before getting into the intricate detail, we shall first proceed into defining some terms to enable easier navigation of the information herein.
 1. Tax credit
Tax credits are sums of money that taxpayers are allowed to deduct from the sum of taxes they owe the government. These tax credits are awarded to both persons and enterprises for specific stipulations and vary in value depending on the set criteria. Unlike tax exemptions and deductions, tax credits never diminish a person's taxable income. Instead, they reduce the amount of tax owed to the government. They are refundable, non-refundable or partially refundable
 1. Tax relief and incentives
Tax incentives/holidays are programs initiated by governments to reduce the sum of tax individuals, or business entities owe the government. Governments, especially the U.S government exploit these programs to foster environmental causes among other crucial but abandoned causes that are a prerogative of the government.
Both the 45L tax credit and 179D tax provisions were extended by the President of the United States, Barrack Obama in the year 2015 to further and prolong the substantial gains the country has been enjoying from energy efficient and Eco-friendly constructions. The two provisions, though coined brilliantly by legislators to serve the same purpose and foster the same cause, are significantly different to widen the scope in which these tax incentives pull in different multitudes with different financial capacities into the same onslaught against energy-exhaustive buildings and manufacturing.
 1. 179D tax deduction
The 179D tax provision is an incentive that allows for reduction of the amount of taxable income. It provides for an exemption concerning energy proficient enterprise buildings for either a part or total of the charge of the energy-saving commercial building placed by taxpayers in service for specified periods {until December 31, 2016, after the signing of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes of 2015 (PATH Act) by President Obama}. The incentive lets commercial contractors make 1.8 dollars for every square inch in deductions for constructions and building upgrades that feature up to 50 percent cuts in energy usage. For instance, a building with eight stories each measuring 64 square feet translates into a total 512 square feet and attracts a deduction of close to 1000 dollars in taxable income. Persons who qualify for such deductions include
 - Designers, architects, and surveyors who plan for construction of LEED-certified Eco-friendly municipal buildings
 - Contractors of LEED-certified commercial construction dating back on December 31, 2005
Qualifying for the 179D tax deduction means that person gets to enjoy two key financial benefits including:
 - A one-time accelerated reduction of tax payable to the government
 - Over 50 percent of savings on utility bills for energy usage
The IRS does not just accept to qualify commercial, municipal and multifamily properties into the program without consulting third party energy inspectors.
 1. 45L Tax Credit
This incentive program is a tax credit facility and not a tax deduction facility. It was fabricated for the same intention as the 179D tax provision though it serves small-scale family home builders and not large commercial building contractors. It also provides financial benefits for individuals who purposefully construct their buildings or upgrade them to be energy efficient by cutting usage of power by 50 percent. The standards that applicants are expected to meet are the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). The general credit awarded for parties who qualify for this IRS program is 2,000 dollars. To qualify, the residence has to:
 - Be in the United States
 - Be completed before August 8, 2005, and occupied by the time of application. Buildings that date from earlier than August 8, 2005, but have undergone rehabilitation after the set date qualify
 - Satisfy the IRS third party energy inspectors to have met the 50 percent energy saving standard
The 2,000 dollars set for successful applicants are entitled to every dwelling unit. Therefore, if an independent contractor was to construct a building of 20 units, the total of the tax credit awarded to the contractor would be 2,000 dollars multiplied by the total units with occupants at the moment tax returns are filed. Any vacant units do not qualify. However, the one-time incentive can still be claimed in the next financial year for the remaining units once they are occupied. These sums are nonrefundable tax credits. They cannot be paid out if the sum of taxes owed to the IRS reduce and reach zero before the credits and debits balance.
You must by now have a comprehensive understanding of the tax holidays offered by the government to foster green, energy efficient constructions. You must have also determined which incentive best applies to your construction plans. Are you a commercial contractor or a private home developer? Are your plans purely on the borderline? Work with the best professional consultants in the field to optimize the tax relief programs to save the extensive amounts of credit and deductions possible. Allow the experts to assist you in maximizing on your investments. Consult with tax professionals on this platform.


text: Purpose: This study examined the effects of a five-week intervention combining vigorous interval training (VIT) with diet among twenty-four obese adolescents. Fourteen girls and ten boys (aged 14–15) schooled in a pediatric rehabilitation center participated. Methods: The VIT intensity was targeted and remained above 80% of maximal heart rate (HR) and over six kilocalories per minute. Pre-and postintervention measures were body composition (BMI, weight, body fat percentage), physical self-perceptions (PSP), physical fitness (6-min walking distance and work) and its associated physiological responses (HR peak and blood lactate concentration). A series of two-way analyses of variance or covariance controlling for weight loss were used to examine the changes. Results: Significant improvements were found in body composition, physical fitness and PSP (endurance, activity level, sport competence, global physical self-concept and appearance). In addition, boys presented higher levels of perceived strength and global physical self-concept than girls. Finally, there was a significant increase in perceived endurance, sport competence, and global physical self-concept in girls only. Conclusion: This five-week VIT program combined with diet represents an effective means for improving body composition, physical fitness, and PSP in obese adolescents, the effects on PSP being larger among girls.


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Who's most likely to get Parkinson's disease?
In the U.S., the disease is more likely to affect men than women, more likely to affect white or Hispanic individuals than black or Asian people and much more likely to affect those over sixty than those younger, according to a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 2003.
Other research suggests that globally, you're more likely to get Parkinson's if you live in an industrialized country like the U.S. than if you live in a less developed nation. However, there's no clear-cut data on the demographics.
"It's hard to believe that we don't have that data now," says Dr. J. William Langston, founder and director of the Parkinson's Institute, "but... it's not available anywhere in the world." In part, this is because Parkinson's disease affects a relatively small population -- at most one to two percent in the United States -- and because of difficulties in consistently diagnosing the disorder.
Is the risk of getting this disease growing?
There's even less data on how the rate of Parkinson's cases have changed since it was first identified in 1817. The number of cases is rising as the global population ages, but it's not clear whether Parkinson's is affecting a larger percentage of the population than it has in the past. Some research has found that the risk of getting Parkinson's in the U.S. rose slightly between 1935 and 1985, but when it comes to tracing the history of the disease, major data holes remain.
"Certainly, there have been individuals described hundreds and hundreds of years ago that have what sounds very much like Parkinson's disease," says Dr. Michael Zigmond, a Parkinson's researcher at the University of Pittsburgh. However, he adds, "We can't easily evaluate people who are not here now, even through the eyes of a neurologist 50 or 100 years ago." What we call Parkinson's today, doctors might have diagnosed differently in the past. What doctors used to call Parkinson's we may now have identified as something else.
However, there are some new projects underway on the demographics of the disease. For example, the California Parkinson's Disease Registry will collect detailed information on every Parkinson's diagnosis in that state. Says Dr. Langston, "This will tell us for the first time, is the disease increasing, changing with time? Are there pockets or clusters of the disease? Are there differences in rural versus urban areas, socioeconomic differences, etc.?"
What causes Parkinson's?
Even though Parkinson's was formally identified almost 200 years ago, scientists are still trying to find out what causes it. "We still don't have a smoking gun, that's for sure," says Dr. Langston. "But that's what we're looking for."
The greatest obstacle to pinpointing what causes it is that there seems to be no single cause. In some cases, the disease appears to be a genetic defect, while in others, exposure to toxic substances or certain viruses seems to be a factor. Some scientists believe a mix of environmental exposures and underlying genetic sensitivities may ultimately explain what triggers the disease.
What about environmental factors?
Sorting out the possible environmental influences on Parkinson's disease is a big challenge.
In the early 1980s, after discovering the toxin MPTP -- very similar to a compound found in a common pesticide -- could induce Parkinson's virtually overnight, scientists expected to track down the chemicals responsible for causing the disease in a matter of a few years. Nearly three decades later, "Very few individual specific compounds have been identified," says Dr. Langston. "Most of these are modest risk factors, two to threefold increase in risk."
Scientists have tracked disparate leads in search of an environmental explanation. They've researched Parkinson's-like symptoms in an individual who ingested petroleum products, in Taiwanese women who'd contracted a herpes virus and in people from Guam who eat a type of seed known to contain a neurotoxin. While finding a common thread among these scenarios has proved nearly impossible, much of the research has led back to pesticide exposure as the leading suspect in causing a large number of Parkinson's cases.
How clear is the link between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's?
According to Dr. William Langston, "I don't think we're yet at the point of being able to say unequivocally that if you live in an area where there's more pesticides than other areas, you're at a higher risk." But new research may illuminate the link.
One study is mapping Parkinson's cases in California against areas known to have high pesticide use. Another is collecting data from over 50,000 licensed pesticide applicators in two states to track whether these individuals face an increased risk of getting Parkinson's. "This, I think, may really answer the question of not only whether pesticides are an increased risk, but also, specifically, which pesticides," Dr. Langston hopes. "Because it's their profession, they know what they use, as opposed to, I couldn't tell you what I sprayed with in the garage last week."
Is there a gene, or genes, that causes Parkinson's?
So far scientists have identified six forms of genetic Parkinson's and are searching for more. However, the number of cases with a genetic link is a tiny portion of the overall number of cases. Still, doctors hope that better understanding the genetic form of the disease could help unravel the mysteries about other forms of Parkinson's.
But the genetic component of Parkinson's has also proved more complicated than once thought. Scientists have determined there's no single gene for Parkinson's -- one gene may trigger the disease in one family, while a different gene triggers it in another family.
Scientists also suspect that in some cases, developing genetic Parkinson's may require having multiple trigger genes, because studies of families with a high incidence of the disorder have shown that some individuals can carry the main gene identified as causing Parkinson's yet never develop symptoms.
How far along are scientists in figuring out the interaction -- the connection -- between genes and the environment?
A large study of over 20,000 identical twins -- who share the same genetic code -- is underway to trace when different environmental exposures can trigger Parkinson's in one twin but not the other and under what circumstances both twins develop Parkinson's.
Why is Parkinson's so hard to diagnose?
Diagnosing Parkinson's can be a challenge in part because some mild Parkinson's symptoms at first just seem like the universal effects of aging -- a tremor in the hand, difficulty balancing and shuffling the feet.
"I think everybody gets a little Parkinsonian as you get older," says Dr. Clive Svendsen, who is studying stem cell therapies for Parkinson's at the University of Wisconsin. "And in fact, most of the literature points out a gradual reduction in dopamine neurons" -- the neurons whose death causes Parkinson's best-known physical symptoms -- "over time in everybody."
What are the hallmark symptoms? Do all patients have the same symptoms?
There's no clear epidemiological record of whether the specific symptoms doctors look for and patients express have evolved over time, but the hallmark of Parkinson's has always been tremors throughout the body. Making a definitive diagnosis has often proved difficult, however, because the exact nature of the symptoms can vary widely from patient to patient. Recent studies show that even members of the same family who share a single genetic form of Parkinson's may display very different symptoms. One patient may have foot tremors accompanied by difficulty sleeping, while another may have hand tremors and difficulty keeping his balance.
What are the new discoveries about Parkinson's symptoms?
In recent years scientists have found that Parkinson's is much more than a disease of shaking limbs.
"When I started my residency, this was a very simple disease," recalls Dr. William Langston. "A number of cells die in a small area of the brain that made a chemical called dopamine. When they died, you had no more dopamine. Without dopamine, it's difficult to move.... And that's the way we diagnosed it. When dopamine's down, you got rigid, you developed a tremor, gait became slowed and shuffling, etc. Any neurologist can diagnose that."
But now, says Langston, "At this point in time, we know that Parkinson's is a much more complicated disorder. Many different areas of the brain can be affected. It probably evolves in a very specific order, starting in the low brain stem and then eventually affecting other areas, including the nigra, which causes Parkinsonism [the tremors]. But all of these other areas of the brain that are affected can also cause symptoms."
These newly-recognized symptoms range from loss of the sense of smell to digestive problems to depression.
Why has it taken doctors so long to recognize the wide array of symptoms now connected to Parkinson's? "Because [patients] don't come to neurologists if they have, say, sleep disorders or loss of sense of smell or even constipation, which is a very bothersome symptom in Parkinson's," says Langston.
How close are we to having an earlier, more accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's?
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, part of the National Institutes of Health, is working on improving its guidelines for diagnosing Parkinson's to reflect the latest science. Other researchers are focusing on finding new ways of identifying the disease altogether. Some are searching for a Parkinson's biomarker -- a biological trait displayed only in people who have or are at risk of developing the disease.
And now that sense of smell has been tied to Parkinson's, a study led by the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders and the University of Pennsylvania is seeking to determine if how well a person performs on a test to identify 40 common odors can predict the individual's likelihood of developing Parkinson's. So far, they've found the average person can identify 35 of the od

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Trade Unions in Burma
Federation of Trade unions - Burma, [2002]
1949—The Trade Unions Congress of Burma (TUCB) was initially formed with assistance of the Anti-Fascist Peoples' Freedom League (AFPFL) and led by U Ba Swe and U Than Tun.
1950—The Burma Trade Union Congress (BTUC) was formed by Thakhin Hla Kywe and Thakhin Thwin.
1958—The Union of Labor Organization (ULO) was formed by U Thwin and Raschid.
_PHONE_—It was called the "Time of Trouble" and by 1958 Burma's political condition was very chaotic. In spite of all the internal political issues, all these trade union national centers were very active. They were also active in the international trade union movement and the Socialist International movement.
1962—All independent trade unions were abolished by the military regime which later called itself the Burmese way to Socialist Program Party (BSPP). After that the Burmese military regime formed a Labor Association" which was run in a totalitarian manner by the single party system.
1988—After suffering the BSPP for nearly three decades, the people broke out in an uprising. Students with less responsible parts at home but with more active minds were the first to come out in attacking the military regime. Knowing that the students were saying what their parents were suffering, the workers came out in their support. During the peoples' uprising, the trade unions were formed in all the government sectors, including the military and the police.
The "All Burma Labor Union" was formed at the Htan Ta Bin High School, Hledan, Rangoon in September. U Khin Kyaw (now imprisoned for seventeen years) representing the Communications Union was elected as president. The trade unions took up demonstrations and stopped work in accordance with the call of the student union. When a coup was staged by the military on itself, all unions were outlawed and the leaders forced to either resign or be arrested.
The Federation of Trade Unions-Burma (FTUB) was formed in 1991, by exiled workers and students who had participated in the 8 August 1988 peoples' uprising.
The Federation of Trade Unions-Kawthoolei was formed in October 1998. The Karen Education Workers Union, the Karen health Workers Union and the Karen Agriculture Workers Unions are the affiliates of the FTUK.


text:
What we do – Safer Spaces: A turnkey solution for COVID-19 response planning, virtual screening with licensed nurses, and secure documentation.
- Have you already applied published recommendations for COVID-19 from the federal, state, and county level?
- Do you have a plan to ensure people will adhere to your program?
- Do you know what happens next when someone is symptomatic or tests positive for COVID-19?
- Do you know where this information will live?
Screening & Education
Tablets are strategically placed onsite so that people can walk up to them and be screened for COVID-19 and educated by a nurse connected through video. We fill the digital divide – no one has to be tech savvy or have the right app on the right device at the right time. The virtual method also provides a human connection in unusual times of isolation and separation.
We train and provide licensed nurses to screen through observation and protocol and educate everyone on safe practices. Why nurses? Observations, assessment, and education are core competencies in the science of nursing. We are trained to help mitigate fear and dispel misinformation.
Why virtual? To save you money and ensure you have nurses where and when you need them. As an added benefit, virtual methods reduce the risk of exposure and disease transmission.
In order to keep everyone safe, you're going to need to know who needed to miss work or be quarantined. We use Salesforce for documentation and reporting – HIPAA compliant, and secure. Nurse Disrupted will never sell the data of people screened.
Data is compliant to industry standards so that as technologies such as testing, contact tracing and machine learning evolve, you are well positioned to include them.


text:
Ask a question about 'Tacet'
Start a new discussion about 'Tacet'
Answer questions from other users
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
for "it is silent". It is a musical term to indicate that an instrument or voice does not sound. In vocal polyphony and in orchestral scores, it usually indicates a long period of time, typically an entire movement. In more modern music such as jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
, tacet tends to mark considerably shorter breaks.
It was common for early symphonies to leave out the brass or percussion in certain movements, especially slow (second) movements, and this is the instruction given in the parts for the player to wait until the end of the movement.
It is also commonly used in accompaniment music to indicate that the instrument does not play on a certain run through a portion of the music, i.e., "Tacet 1st Time."
A unique usage of this term is in John Cage's
John Milton Cage Jr. was an American composer, music theorist, writer, philosopher and artist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde...
4′33″. A tacet is indicated for all three movements, for all instruments. The piece lasts a total of 4 minutes and 33 seconds, without a note actually being played.


text:
ERIC Number: ED243851
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1984-Jan-30
Reference Count: 0
Communication between Special and Regular Educators.
Panko, Jessie Symington; And Others
A study examined communication between special educators and the regular classroom teachers to whom they mainstream students. Respondents to a survey questionnaire included 34 special education teachers employed by a special education cooperative, 25 special educators employed by individual school districts, and 84 regular classroom teachers. The extent of communication which took place in four areas was examined: (1) communication and consultation; (2) demonstration of materials, techniques, and teaching methods for exceptional children; (3) development of goals and instructional objectives; and (4) provision of inservice training by special educators for regular classroom teachers. Responses to the questionnaires indicated: (1) Special educators employed by the school districts were more actively sharing material with regular educators on a more regular basis than those employed by the cooperative, but regular teachers' perceptions of sharing were at a much lower level; (2) District special educators reported being more involved than cooperative educators in discussions of techniques and teaching methods, but once again, regular classroom teachers reported less involvement with all special educators; (3) Regular classroom teachers reported less attendance to objective-setting meetings than did the special educators; and (4) The majority of both regular classroom educators and special educators responded negatively concerning the presentation of formal inservice training. (JD)
Descriptors: Cooperative Planning, Elementary School Teachers, Elementary Secondary Education, Individualized Education Programs, Inservice Teacher Education, Interaction, Interpersonal Communication, Mainstreaming, Peer Counseling, Peer Relationship, Secondary School Teachers, Special Education Teachers, Teacher Attitudes
Publication Type: Speeches/Meeting Papers; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Note: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Teacher Educators (64th, New Orleans, LA, January 28-February 1, 1984).


Why Beacons are poised to take proximity-based marketing to the next level
Sometimes talk of frictionless mobile payments and proximity-based targeting has felt a little like waiting for jetpacks.
We've all seen the diagrams of the device in our pocket sensing information from the environment around us with magical accuracy, and we know it's technically possible, but there's been little sign of it actually happening in our daily lives.
The phrase "proximity-based targeting" may not make your pulse race, but forget the clunkiness of a QR code or the basic act of swiping a card over a sensor using NFC technology (NFC tends to be capable of simple transactions only), or location-based services such as Foursquare (GPS-enabled, so not fantastically accurate, particularly indoors).
Instead, say hello to iBeacon. Unveiled by Apple last year as part of its iOS 7 launch, it is described as "a new class of low-powered, low-cost transmitters that can notify nearby iOS 7 devices of their presence" and use that proximity to pass data. In Apple's case, the phone (from iPhone 4 onwards) is also a beacon in its own right, capable of transmitting information, not just receiving. Google is also baking beacon technology into Android 4.3.
Two things make this particularly interesting for marketers.
First, the fact that the beacons use Bluetooth LE (low energy), so succeed in delivering greater accuracy than GPS, while draining less precious battery power. Suddenly, we have the data-transfer capabilities of Bluetooth, accurately pinpointed to your exact location, possible for a viable period.
Second, the data transfer is passive and immediate: it seems we're finally at a point when devices can talk to one another without us needing to do the work.
Two commercial applications (and "watch-outs") for marketers:
1. Enhanced experiences
For gigs, art galleries, stadiums and parks, strategically placed beacons allow users to pick up information about the history of a location or the background to a painting in a gallery, say, just by having their phone to hand. The exhibition owner, in turn, picks up useful information about where there are hot spots, blockages or dead zones. At SXSW in March, for example, the conference's official mobile iOS app used iBeacon to send users information about the sessions they were in. The trick here, as app developers, is to judge the messaging content and velocity very carefully – that is, do not spam people.
2. Next-generation retail
Beacon can work in several ways to change and improve a retail environment (beyond simply welcoming or issuing a coupon on arrival):
 - Act as an "indoor GPS" system, helping someone find the product they're looking for.
 - Map where the best deals are for them, based on their previous shopping habits or perhaps the time of day/week.
 - Develop location-specific offers, like Macy's is doing in the US in partnership with Shopkick, where offers are dynamically tailored to customers based on where they are in the store.
 - Beacons also make mobile payments faster and easier. PayPal is bringing out its own beacon, allowing users to make hands-free payments. The issue to overcome initially will be behavioural: we humans are used to physically exchanging something for goods.
Then there are the implications for out-of-home advertising, on-premise, not to mention peer-to-peer and our future digital identities. As marketers, this is a way to rethink how we design user interactions.
Fundamentally, this technology has the potential to alter how we interact with the world, not just how we shop – and it's closer than we think.
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Magnum is a boy name.
Discover other Famous boy names that start with m
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Frequently Asked Questions
Is Magnum a popular name?
Over the years Magnum was most popular in 1981. According to the latest US census information Magnum ranks #8854th while according to Magnum ranks #2nd.
How popular is the name Magnum?
According to the US census in 2018, 9 boys were born named Magnum, making Magnum the #17819th name more popular among boy names. In 1981 Magnum had the highest rank with 12 boys born that year with this name.
How common is the name Magnum?
Magnum is #17819th in the ranking of most common names in the United States according to he US Census.
When was the name Magnum more popular?
The name Magnum was more popular in 1981 with 12 born in that year.
When was the last time a baby was named Magnum
The last time a baby was named Magnum was in 2018, based on US Census data.
How many people born in 2018 are named Magnum?
In 2018 there were 9 baby boys named Magnum.


text:
April 3, 1814
October 10, 1901
Years as President:
"As a servant of God, I bear witness to the revelations of His will in the nineteenth century."
Lorenzo Snow was born April 3, 1814, in Mantua, Ohio. As a youth, he preferred academic study to an apprenticeship. Study of Hebrew and theology led to his conversion to the Church in 1836. He spent the rest of his life in service as a missionary, Apostle, and Church President, a position he filled on September 13, 1898. He helped the Church recover from the challenges of the previous decades. He stabilized Church finances as members increased their tithes and offerings, and he expanded Church missionary efforts. As Church President at the dawning of the twentieth century, he opened a new era in Latter-day Saint history. He died in Salt Lake City on October 10, 1901, at the age of 87.


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Was this an Iron Furnace?
Yes, it was. Welcome to archaeological mystery! The author is William D. Conner, avocational archaeologist of Columbus, Ohio. My archaeological odyssey begins August, 1963, as I pose (middle) with amateur archaeologist Arlington H. Mallery, and a neighborhood youngster. We sit in the remains of the bowl of the Overly furnace near the village of Austin, Ross County, Ohio. This furnace and others like it in South Central Ohio, excavated _PHONE_ by amateur investigators, represent an Old World technology 2,000 years old. How did it come to exist in Ohio?
Iron Age America before Columbus
Preface: The Legendary Azgens
1. Norsemen Among The Indians?
2. Spruce Hill
3. Mallery Finds Norse Traces In Newfoundland
4. Spruce Hill Furnaces Lure Mallery To Ohio
5. Mallery vs. Solecki
6. Are Virginia's Mysterious Furnaces All Gone?
7. Investigators Keeler and Kelley
8. Glacial Kame Furnace Uncovered, July 1990
9. Archaeologist Urges Us To Dig
10. The Hoover Reservoir Site Furnace
11. America's Large Copper Artifacts
12. Investigator Ellis Neiburger
13. New Light Shed On Furnaces And Maps
14. Used By Columbus?
15. Proof Of Ancient Astronauts?
16. The Newark 'Holy Stones' Debate At Roscoe
17. The Bent Artifacts
18. The Farfarers
19. Period Of Unrest' Caused By Invasion Of Iron Age Celts
20. America and Ohio: Just Before Columbus?
21. Forging Links With Pre-Columbians
Appendix A: Arlington Mallery's Investigation Chronology
Appendix B: Ohio Archaeo-Pyrogenic Sites Database
Appendix C: The Solecki Report
Appendix D: Rebuttal To Solecki's Report By Mallery
Appendix E: Supplement To Mallery's Rebuttal
Appendix F: Sterling's Reply To Mallery's Rebuttal Of Solecki's Report
Appendix G: Spruce Hill Investigations, 1992
Appendix H: Report To The Ohio Archaeological Council
Appendix I: Triangulation: Recording Excavation Site Data Points
Appendix J: Arledge TL Test Yields 1740 AD Results
Appendix K: Mallery Not The First
Appendix L: The Georgetown Forum
Appendix M: The Legendary Lost City Of Paint Valley
Appendix N: Carved Stone Buried 15 feet Below Chillicothe?
Appendix O: Found With Metal Detector
Appendix P: Was Ohio Prehistoric Furnace Iron
Appendix Q: Reported At Symposium In 1973
Appendix R: The Thordsen Map
Iron Age America before Columbus / William D. Conner
'Crushing' Evidence of Antiquity
Centuries before history began, someone left behind furnaces of ancient Old World Iron Age design buried deep inside "Indian mounds," hillsides and the banks of creeks in and around the land that would become Ross County, Ohio. Prehistoric Iron Age people from the Old World built the furnaces to smelt bog iron ore into wrought iron, the metal blacksmiths shaped into tools and weapons. I will provide conclusive proof that all attempts to fit Ohio's pit iron furnaces into the 18th century -- before American settlers claimed the land -- are unworkable. Instead, evidence indicates that these furnaces were constructed and used about a thousand years ago.
I was a teenage boy at Chillicothe High in Ross County when first I met Arlington H. Mallery in 1949. Scorned by professional archaeologists, Mallery, a bridge-building engineer, knew Iron Age furnaces when he found them, even if they occurred in Ohio, where they were not supposed to exist. He dug up several furnaces of ancient design along Ross County's Deer Creek in 1949-50.
I have developed compelling evidence these furnaces are in fact prehistoric and this new evidence will be uncovered in my new book, Iron Age America Before Columbus.
Text and photos © _PHONE_ by William D. Conner
"Iron Age America before Columbus" is now Available!
|Order Book Here|


Measuring Client Performance with Endpoint Analytics
We've all heard reports from end-users that their device is too slow or takes too long to do something. Reports from users, however, can be subjective, so how can we certify the results and get tangible metrics to support the claims? With Microsoft Intune and Endpoint Analytics is how.
Whether it be a laptop that takes so long to boot you can make a coffee and drink it or whether it's a logon process that is so slow it's time for the user to take their next break already, we've all seen and heard of performance issues before. As IT or as someone making financial decisions about hardware purchases for end-users, knowing that what you have or what you buy is good is important and for that you need data and we can use Endpoint Analytics in Microsoft Intune exactly for this purpose.
What is Endpoint Analytics?
Simply put, Endpoint Analytics is a feature we can enable in Microsoft Intune to collect data from client systems registered with Microsoft Intune running Windows 10 to understand how they behave and perform.
Once enabled, we can see how devices perform against performance baselines and you can either use the baseline recommended by Microsoft or specify your own.
What information does Endpoint Analytics provide?
Endpoint Analytics in Microsoft Intune provides information about boot time, sign-in and logon times. The information is broken down into how long each portion of the start-up was attributed to the device vs. time attributed to Group Policy processing for Hybrid Azure AD Joined devices allowing you to see the impact of your Active Directory Domain Services Group Policy Objects.
With data collected by Endpoint Analytics, we can see how devices perform across various metrics and report it per device type or even for individual devices.
With the information collected, Endpoint Analytics allows you to display it overall for your whole organisation, per-device model, or per individual device. With these breakdowns, you can see whether a specific device model has a performance issue to address or whether it is only impacting specific users and devices so you can work on targeted fixes and remediation.
When it comes to remediation and fixing issues, Endpoint Analytics provides information such as which start-up processes are causing delays so that you can look into them and try to fix them.
Proactive remediations provides some pre-defined scripts you can deploy for fixing common issues and the Recommended software section provides you with a summary report of what modern management features are being used such as Cloud identity, Cloud management, and Windows Autopilot.
How do I implement it?
Implementing Endpoint Analytics in Microsoft Intune is as simple as creating and assigning a Device Configuration Profile to enable the feature on devices. Once enabled, you simply wait for device metrics to start coming through.
Get started with Microsoft Intune, Endpoint Analytics, and modern management
If you need to get your devices in shape, manage them better, faster, or more easily. Maybe you've got an on-premises management solution and you want to move to a cloud-based modern management alternative.
Speak to us at Arcible about how we can help you implement Microsoft Intune and to find out more.


text:
Doña María of Two Adobes
By Glenn Burch, Hisorian, California Dept. of Parks and Recreation, Sonoma
[Originally appeared in the California Mission Studies Assn. Newsletter, July 1993.]
In an attempt at political correctness in presenting women of the California colonial era, OH, CALIFORNIA (the current California fourth grade history textbook) shows a mythical "vaquera at work." I believe that a genuinely historic example should be used to portray the valuable contributions made by women to early California development and society. One such example is Doña María Ignacia Candelaria López.
Born at San Diego in January, 1793, María Ignacia was baptized at the Presidio Chapel, where sixteen years later she was to marry Joaquin Victor Carrillo, a Soldado de Cuera. Over the years Doña María Ignacia bore thirteen children. The twelfth, José de la Luz, died in infancy. All but two of the children were baptized at either the Presidio or Mission San Diego. The other two children, José Ramon, born in 1821, and José de los Dolores, born in 1823, were baptized at Mission San Gabriel, which may indicate that Joaquin Victor was serving in the mission escolta at the time.
The first child, María Antonia (known as Josefa) married Captain Henry Delano Fitch in one of California's better known romantic episodes. Rather than retell the elopement, I would like to look briefly at one part of Josefa and Henry Fitch's return to California which sheds a little light on the character of Josefa's father, Joaquin Victor. After a year's absence, Josefa returned to San Diego with her infant child (the Carrillo's first grandchild), to learn that her father had threatened to kill her for bringing shame on the family. In an article in the JOURNAL OF SAN DIEGO HISTORY (Spring 1973), Ronald Miller gives an emotional account of Josefa approaching the house and dragging herself to him on her knees as she begs forgiveness and blames the despotic governor for her elopement. She is successful in her entreaty and Joaquin Victor is reunited with his daughter.
Legend would have it that they lived happily ever after, but of course real life is never so simple. In December of 1835, Captain Fitch sued Josefa for separation because she had gambled away $1,000. Although the separation was granted, Josefa admitted the gambling loss and begged pardon. A reconciliation was affected, and Josefa and Henry stayed together in San Diego until his death in 1849. Until the 1840s, they lived in the Carrillo home.
Josefa's father, Joaquin Victor, served as a soldier for twenty-two years and then retired. Before 1820, possibly as a result of retirement, Joaquin and María Ignacia moved their family out of the Presidio and into a small adobe in what is now Old Town San Diego. This was the first house built in what was to become the town. It had been built sometime between 1810 and 1820 by Captain Don Francisco Ruiz, Comandante of the Presidio.
Ruiz was godfather to three of the Carrillo children, Juan Bautista, Francisca, and Julio. In March 1835 Captain Ruiz made a gift of his orchard, which evidently adjoined the house. The transfer document for the orchard fails to mention the house and specifically states that Carrillo is "... without being able on any pretext to sell, encumber, nor mortgage it; since it should... remain in trust in favor of my three godchildren..." This turned out to be a prudent requirement on Captain Ruiz's part as, by May of the same year, Joaquin had been trying to sell the property and Doña María had appealed to the governor to protect the rights of her children. In a letter dated 19 May 1835 Governor José Figueroa wrote to the Alcalde Juan Osuña in response to an appeal from Doña María Ignacia, forbidding the sale of the orchard.
This incident is the first documented indication beyond the then ordinary role of mother and housewife of Doña María Ignacia's strength. Here we see a woman of self-determined character using the officials and laws of her time to defy her husband in the protection of her children's interest. The next major trial of her life was soon to follow.
Joaquin Victor died in 1835 or 1836, although no one seems to be able to document exactly where, when, or how. So, at age 43, Doña María Ignacia found herself a widow with nine children to care for, ranging in age from three year old Felicidad de la Augusta up to the grown twenty-three year old María de la Luz. Her daughters Josefa, María Ramona, and Francisca Benicia had all married. Francisca Benicia had married an up and coming army officer, Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, who by 1836 was establishing himself as Comandante of the Northern Frontier in Sonoma.
What, if any, influence Vallejo had on Doña María Ignacia's decision to move from San Diego is at present unclear. What is clear is that Doña María Ignacia decided to pack up and move north, following the example of her own mother, María Feliciana Arballo, widow of José Gutiérrez, who had, with her first two children (then ages four and six) joined the Anza expedition of 1775 from Tubac to Alta California. Doña María Ignacia packed up the family and its belongings and moved to Sonoma where the family stayed until a parcel of land was chosen and a house built to serve as their new home. Unfortunately, no diary or other account of the 700 mile journey from San Diego to Sonoma has to date been found. Doña María Ignacia did not know how to write and could not, herself, leave such a record. Using the transportation methods of the time--horses, mules, and ox carts--it was, by our standards, an arduous trek.
A petition was submitted to Don Mariano Vallejo in January 1838 requesting a grant of land along the banks of the Santa Rosa Creek. Vallejo gave her permission to occupy two leagues of land in the center of the Santa Rosa Valley. On 30 September 1841, Governor Jimeno granted Doña María Ignacia the 4,500 acre Cabeza de Santa Rosa Rancho. Incidentally, her daughter María Ramona de Luz, who had married José Antonio Pacheco in 1826, received, in her own name, the grant of the 48,000 acre Suey Rancho in what is now San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties. The grant was made by Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado in 1837.
As with many other adobe structures, the date of construction of the Carrillo Adobe at Santa Rosa is a bit vague and varies with the source. The work was supposedly carried out by the Carrillo boys (Joaquin, José Ramon, Julio, Dolores, and Juan) with the help of Salvador Vallejo and local Native Americans. The resulting home was at one point an "L" shaped, one story adobe with a shingle roof. The bricks averaged 22" by 11" by 3 1/2", and were stacked to make walls that were 28" thick on the shorter north-south wing while the long east-west wing had walls ranging in thickness from 36" to 42" in thickness. The long east-west wing of the adobe was still standing in the 1930s when it was photographed for the Historic American Building Survey.
As "Ranchera," Doña María Ignacia took charge of her rancho and provided well for her family. It is in this role that our only description of her exists. William Heath Davis described her:
I have seen Doña María Ygnacia robed in a neat calico dress of a French texture, with a broad-brim straw hat made by one of her Indian women, mounted on a horse which had been broken to saddle by some of her sons expressly for her use, ride over the hacienda and direct the gentiles in sowing and planting seed and in harvesting the same. She supervised the farming herself, but the management of the stock and rodeos was left to her son José Ramon and his brother.... Although she was the mother of eleven grown daughters and sons, she was well-preserved and still of medium height, with all the graceful movements so characteristic of her race. Part of Doña María Ignacia's success as "Ranchera" was a result of her being able to marshal a work force which was recruited from among local Native Americans. Davis recounts that there were "several hundred gentiles" living near the house. Doña María Ignacia attributed her success with them to good treatment and plenty of food. Although she could not write her native language, she had mastered the local Indian dialect.
With the new home firmly established, the San Diego house and orchard were no longer necessary for Doña María Ignacia's children's welfare. Ramon Carrillo sold it, in 1842, to Lorenzo Soto for "... ten broken horses and thirty young heifers...." Presumably, the horses and cattle were driven north to the Cabeza de Santa Rosa. It is interesting to note that there is no brand on file in the Sonoma County Courthouse for Doña María Ign


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nub for each bus found. The I/O Kit loads a matching driver for each bus nub, which discovers the devices connected to the bus, and so on. Thus, the Platform Expert is responsible for actions such as:
- Building the device tree (as described above)
- Parse certain boot arguments
- Identify the machine (including processor and bus clock speeds)
- Initialize a "user interface" to be used in case of kernel panics
libkern and libsa
As described earlier, the I/O Kit uses a restricted subset of C++. This system, implemented by
libkern, provides features such as:
- Dynamic object allocation, construction, destruction (including data structures such as Arrays, Booleans, Dictionaries,...)
- Certain atomic operations, miscellaneous functions (
- Provisions for tracking the number of current instances for each class
- Ways to avoid the "Fragile Base Class Problem"
libsa provides functions for miscellaneous purposes: binary searching, symbol remangling (used for gcc 2.95 to 3.3, for example), dgraphs, catalogs, kernel extension management, sorting, patching vtables, etc.


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Car / Light Commercial
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Dog dementia, also known as Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS), is a surprisingly common condition among senior dogs. CDDS is comparable to Alzheimer's in humans. If our old buddy starts showing signs of cognitive problems such as confusion, anxiety, and listlessness, then he may have already reached a stage in his life when he needs our help. Understanding his condition will allow us the opportunity to give him the care he needs, prevent the worsening of his symptoms, and make his last years with us more comfortable.
What are the signs of dog dementia?
The age of onset of CDDS depends on a dog's breed. Early clinical signs can appear as early as seven years of age, but the average age at which symptoms of cognitive decline typically appear is 11 years or older. If our canine friend is getting on in years, we should start keeping an eye out for the following symptoms:
- Wandering aimlessly. Older dogs who wander around the house as if they're lost, or as if they're "stuck" somewhere, may be developing cognitive decline. CDDS can make it difficult for our aging pooch to remember his surroundings and where to go. We may also notice Fido no longer seems to remember the usual routes we take when we take him out for his walks.
- Behavioral changes. Cognitive decline can lead to changes in how Fido interacts with us and other humans and animals. He can exhibit increased anxiety and fear; he may become significantly less demanding for our attention and less interested in play. It would also be reasonable for him to sometimes forget his house-training and accidentally pee indoors. Anomalous aggression and territoriality may actually become the new norm as this behavioral change usually also comes with dementia. More frequent pacing and whining that's not caused by boredom may be caused by dementia-related anxiety.
- Changes in sleeping habits. Older dogs normally sleep more often and for longer periods of time. But a senior dog with CCDS will not only sleep more frequently, but also develop odd sleeping hours. As with humans with dementia, it's common for a dog with the condition to sleep more during the day, and be awake and anxious most of the night.
- Being mentally absent. The most obvious sign of this is Fido staring off into space for prolonged periods. If this behavior is unusual for our pooch, then it should be mentioned to his vet on his next checkup.
What can we do to help our senior dogs?
The earlier dog dementia is diagnosed, the earlier we can give him the help he needs. Luckily, there are ways to prevent his condition from worsening, and we can also take extra steps to give him the comfort and care he needs.
- Keeping a regular schedule. Even if he sometimes forgets what we've trained him to do, it is even more important that we keep him on a strict schedule. The routine will help minimize his anxiety and confusion.
- Keep his environment unchanged. As much as possible, we should make sure the layout of our home, larger household items, and his belongings are always in the same place. Any change to his environment, even small ones, can easily throw him off and trigger anxiety.
- Keep him relaxed. Any newly developed aggression can be addressed by following a consistent daily routine because aggressive behaviors can be triggered by anxiety and confusion. If visitors are coming, even if they're people he's familiar with, it will help to get him relaxed by tiring him out with a long walk and playtime, giving him a treat or a massage, or engaging in any activity that he always enjoys. His vet may also prescribe medication and supplements to treat his anxiety.
- Exercise him regularly. This stimulates his senses and cognitive skills, helping him stay sharp and engaged. The physical exertion also releases hormones that enhance motor coordination and promote feelings of pleasure. Regular exercise can keep stress and anxiety at bay by burning off excess energy, but the intensity and frequency of his physical activity should still be ideal for his age, overall health, stamina level, and breed.
- Make mealtime challenging. Mealtimes can be an opportunity to fire up Fido's hunting skills, problem-solving skills, and overall brain function. We can invest in puzzle toys designed for hiding food. To make things even more fun and challenging, we can also hide the toy itself, as long as it doesn't create more confusion and trigger anxiety or aggressiveness.
- Feed him a healthy diet. It is even more vital as our dog enters his golden years that we give him the right food. There are special formulas explicitly designed to help improve brain function in older dogs. Dog food enhanced with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), fish oil, B vitamins, antioxidants, and amino acids are the best choice for Fido's brain health. These ingredients are also available as individual supplements.
As an age-related condition, dog dementia is often inevitable. However, there are ways to keep him healthy and happy, physically and mentally, for the remainder of his years.
Part of growing old, not only often includes some level of dementia; for many dogs, it also means a significant decrease in mobility. EcoMobility is a joint and hip complex for dogs that is not only wallet-friendly but easy to use. Your pup can get the hip and joint support he needs to stay in optimal, agile health with this vet-approved daily supplement.
- "Dementia in Senior Dogs: 6 Ways to Deal With the Effects" Vetstreet
- "5 Signs of Dog Dementia" PetMD
- "Dementia in Dogs: 5 Signs To Look Out For" South Boston Animal Hospital
- "Dogs get dementia? Yes, they do…" Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital


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Who is Competent to Contract? State the Position of Contracts with a Minor.
According to Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Every person is competent to contract who is of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject, and who is of sound mind, and is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. The three tests namely, age, soundness and disqualification need to be applied to determine whether a person is competent to contract or not. This is further summarized as follows:
According to Section 3 of the Indian Majority Act, a person is deemed to have attained majority (a) when he completes 18 years or (b) where a guardian of person or property or both has been appointed by a Court of Law,(or where his property has passed under the superintendence of the Court of Wards), lie attains majority on completion of 21 years, According to Section 12 of the Indian Contract Act, A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract, if at the time when he makes it, is capable
- To understand the terms of the contract,
- To form a rational judgement as to its effect upon his interests.
A person may be disqualified from contracting if a person is not capable of both of the above is said to have suffered from unsoundness of mind. Some of the examples of persons having an unsound mind include the following:
- Idiots: A person who is permanently of unsound mind.
- Lunatic: A person who is mentally deranged due to some mental strain or other personal experience but who has some lucid intervals of sound mind.
- Drunken Persons: A sane person who is delirious from fever or who is so drunk that he cannot understand the terms of contract or form a rational judgement as to its effects on his interest.
Position of Agreements with a Minor:
As mentioned above, a minor is not competent to contract therefore, the law acts as the guardian of minors and protects their rights because they are not mature and may not posses the capacity to judge what is good and what is bad for them. Therefore, a minor is not liable for any promises made by him under an agreement.
A contract with or by a minor is absolutely void and the minor therefore cannot bind himself by a contract. It was held by The Privy Council that a minor's agreement is altogether void in the case of Mohan v. Rajkumar. Where Rajkumara minor borrowed from by executing a mortgage of his property in favor of Mohan.
Later on, Rajkumar sued for settling aside the mortgage. According to Section 10 and 11 of the Indian Contract Act it was held that the minor's agreement void and therefore the mortgage were not valid. It was held that the money advanced to minor cannot be recovered because minor's agreement was void.
Fraudulent representation by a minor:
According to Section 30 and 33 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, in case of a fraudulent misrepresentation of his age by the minor inducing the other party to he enter into a contract, the court may provide for the compensation to the other party. As in the case of Khan v. Singh, it was held by the Lahore High Court that, where the contract is set aside, the status quo ante should be restored and the court may direct the minor on equitable grounds restore the money or the property to the other party if the money or property could be traced.
Ratification of a contract by a minor on attaining the age of majority:
A minor's agreement is void-ab-initio therefore, an agreement with a minor cannot be ratified even after he attains majority. In the case of Ramgopal v. Sudhire, it was held that a person gave a promissory note in satisfaction of one executed by him for money borrowed when he was a minor. It was held by the court that the claim under the promissory note could note be enforced because there was no consideration.
Minor's contract jointly with a major person:
The agreement made by a minor jointly with a major person is treated as a void contract vis-a-vis a minor however, which can be enforced against the major person who has jointly promised to perform.
Minor as a partner:
A minor cannot become a partner in a partnership firm. According to Section 30 of the Indian Partnership Act 1932, a minor may with the consent of all the partners for the time being, admitted to the benefits of the partnership. It can also be added that, he can share the profits without incurring any personal liability for losses.
Minor as an agent:
A minor can act as an agent and bind his principal by his acts without incurring any personal liability.
Minor as a shareholder:
As per the provisions of the Indian Contract Act and the Privy Council's decision, a minor cannot become a member of the company. However, a minor can become a shareholder or member of a Company if (a) the shares are fully paid up and (b) the articles of association do not prohibit so.
Minor as an insolvent:
A minor cannot be declared insolvent because he is incapable of contracting debts, that is, he is not competent to contract.