christophem Jul 13 '10 at 16:26
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To try to solve the original problem (sort a list of numbers), an option is to declare the list of a generic type extending Number and implementing Comparable.
Something like:
> void processNumbers(List numbers) {
 System.out.println("Unsorted: " + numbers);
 System.out.println(" Sorted: " + numbers);
 //...
void processIntegers() {
 processNumbers(Arrays.asList(7, 2, 5));
void processDoubles() {
 processNumbers(Arrays.asList(7.1, 2.4, 5.2));
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there is no stardard comparison for Numbers of different types. However you can write your own Comparator and use it to create a TreeMap, TreeSet or Collections.sort(List, Comparator) or Arrays.sort(Number[], Comparator);
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You can use Transmorph to compare numbers using its NumberComparator class.
NumberComparator numberComparator = new NumberComparator();
assertTrue(numberComparator.compare(12, 24) < 0);
assertTrue(numberComparator.compare((byte) 12, (long) 24) < 0);
assertTrue(numberComparator.compare((byte) 12, 24.0) < 0);
assertTrue(numberComparator.compare(25.0, 24.0) > 0);
assertTrue(numberComparator.compare((double) 25.0, (float) 24.0) > 0);
assertTrue(numberComparator.compare(new BigDecimal(25.0), (float) 24.0) > 0);
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why this would have been bad idea? :
abstract class ImutableNumber extends Number implements Comparable {
 // do NOT implement compareTo method; allowed because class is abstract
class Integer extends ImutableNumber {
 // implement compareTo here
class Long extends ImutableNumber {
 // implement compareTo here
another option may have been to declare class Number implements Comparable, omit compareTo implementation, and implement it in some classes like Integer while throw UnsupportedException in others like AtomicInteger.
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My guess is that by not implementing Comparable, it give more flexibility to implementing classes to implement it or not. All the common numbers (Integer, Long, Double, etc) do implement Comparable. You can still call Collections.sort as long as the elements themselves implement Comparable.
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Looking at the class hierarchy. Wrapper classes like Long, Integer, etc, implement Comparable, i.e. an Integer is comparable to an integer, and a long is comparable to a long, but you can't mix them. At least with this generics paradigm. Which I guess answers your question 'why'.
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byte (primitive) is a int (primitive). Primitives have only one value at a time.
Language design rules allows this.
int i = 255
// down cast primitive
(byte) i == -1
A Byte is not an Integer. Byte is a Number and an Integer is a Number. Number objects can have more than one value at the same time.
Integer iObject = new Integer(255);
System.out.println(iObject.intValue()); // 255
System.out.println(iObject.byteValue()); // -1
If a Byte is an Integer and an Integer is a Number, Which one value will you use in the compareTo(Number number1, Number number2) method?
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Your Answer


InCopy Book Publisher's Workflow Management
By nature, book publishers don't have the same kind of workflow or InDesign page structure as magazine and newspaper publishers."
Book publishers have longer production deadlines and knowingly embrace a linear (my turn, your turn) workflow between editorial, design and production departments. Magazine and newspaper publishers have shorter timelines and need a collaborative (work on content at the same time) workflow to streamline the process. Because InDesign pages are designed with linked frames with inline content for books, they actually need a linear workflow, even in a collaborative InCopy workflow.
In this post I'd like to explore how book publishers can embrace the linear workflow, and why they need to.
A Closer Look at Linear and Non-Linear Workflows
The most alluring feature of using InCopy and InDesign together, has always been the collaborative workflow. The ability to have editors in InCopy editing text at the same time that InDesign users are building pages eliminates the linear (take-turn) workflow.
In the past, editorial staff would wait to review hard-copies of pages or PDF's to markup. Then those documents would be delivered back to the production staff and the changes would be entered. Then, more hard-copies or PDF's would then be produced again, so that editorial staff could check that the edits they noted were actually made. These rounds of edits meant that countless hours were wasted in this take-turn workflow. When editorial staff begins using InCopy, the edits are done once by editorial, thus eliminating multiple rounds of editing reviews.
It seems that the shorter the production schedule, the more appealing this collaborative workflow becomes. It just makes sense that a daily newspaper would fully embrace this feature. The "get-it-out-the-door" mentality of newspapers is there to meet press deadlines. I've worked at many newspapers over the years; believe me when I tell you it's no fun waiting for an editor to walk a hard copy over to your desk at 1am.
For book publishers, production schedules have never been based on a daily, weekly or a monthly printing schedule. These types of publishers actually have the flexibility (luxury) to shift schedules and production dates. While many book publishers see the allure of a collaborative workflow, most book companies actually prefer to keep their linear workflows. Why? Because of the way books are built in InDesign, keeping a linear workflow between InDesign and InCopy will actually benefit them.
The Structure of a Book
To understand why a linear workflow will benefit book publishers you have to understand the anatomy of a book built in InDesign.
InDesign layout artists usually don't save one giant file for a whole book, this would mean only one person in InDesign would be able to edit the book (never mind the fact that it would take forever to open or navigate inside a document). Longer books are usually saved as separate documents, each one containing an individual chapter, or lesson.
Publications like magazines and newspapers have many individual stories in stand-alone text frames. These types of layouts often contain separate frames for the story body, pullquote, captions, headline, decks, and sidebars.
In contrast, books are typically made up of one major story (the narrative content) built using text frames that are threaded from page to page, which means the bulk of the book is one big story. If text is added to page 3, the text just reflows naturally through the subsequent threaded frames. It is only logical that books, especially text-heavy books would be built this way. Even books that are filled with graphics can be built this way.
A common trend for designers and production staff in book publishing is to embed graphics in the text flow. Instead of just placing graphics loose on a page, graphic artists are using InDesign's inline or anchored object feature. Inline graphics are graphics that are placed (or pasted) within a text frame. Anchored objects are objects that can flow with the text relative to the anchor that has been placed within the text frame. Both of these objects allow graphics and text to reflow together as edits are made. To realize how much time this saves, you only need to think about the alternative workflow. If graphics weren't part of the text, and were just placed over text, as text was edited and reflowed, all the images would need to be repositioned after every round of text editing. I'm exhausted just typing that.
How does InCopy fit with this workflow?
When InCopy-using editors check out stories in magazines or newspapers to edit them, the InDesign user can still layout the rest of the page, because the graphics and images are not contained inline in text frames. But for books with inline and anchored images, InDesign users need to check out the story to insert, move, and manage the artwork.
That just means that these publications will need to use a more linear (turn-taking) workflow rather than a concurrent one. The editors don't start editing the book until the designer is done laying it out. When an editors is done editing the main story, then another editor (if necessary) can take a turn reviewing those edits, and then the designer can take their turn and continue refining the design and the formatting. In the end, the process is still way more streamlined than the old "marked up paper proofs" method, because everyone is working on the live file, doing what they do best.
3 thoughts on "InCopy Book Publisher's Workflow Management
 1. Good points about InCopy use in the book publishing world. Most book publishers edit first and design second; however, if the process is reversed, it makes it possible to do at least some nonlinear work, particularly if the book feature is used in InDesign. We do a basic layout and then tweak it while editing and proofing are being done. Of course, this takes some scheduling. Getting the basic layout done first also helps with the creation of digital products.
 2. That's a great point Paul. One that Rob didn't mention in his article. It's not that InCopy isn't of value in the book publishing world, it's simply different. You don't have the ability (nor the need) to work concurrently on the same file between editor and designer because your working with one story. Your point however about using the Book panel in InDesign is an excellent one. With a book, you have multiple InDesign documents, each of which can be worked on concurrently in the scope of the overall book. And as you point out, it might take some scheduling but it works quite well!
 3. Hi Paul!
 Thanks for taking the time to leave a reply!
 I agree that using the Book panel will allow you have multiple InDesign documents, therefore allowing more team members to edit their sections. This is just a real high-level look at the way book publishers need to approach an InCopy and InDesign workflow. I wrote this blog so that companies, (especially book publishers) will realize that just because an InCopy workflow let's you work collaboratively, the production artist actually can't update graphic elements (within a checked-out article) until they have they power to check out the needed article themselves. Hence scheduling is of utmost importance as you have pointed out.
 Thanks again!
Leave a Reply


text:
Christoph Mertz has a position as a project scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, and he spent months gathering photographs of various hillsides. These photos showed that these areas are becoming wetter and wetter as time goes on. Mertz was determined to develop a machine that would detect signs of landslides becoming active such as cracks in the ground or tilting trees. The current model that him and his team have developed allow these risk factors to be identified for necessary policy adjustments and budget allocation.
- Although landslides are a natural occurrence, favorable conditions for their occurrence can be manmade.
- When human activity alters a natural slope, or reroutes where waterways, or where rain runoff generally goes, the conditions for a landslide may be initiated.
- In 2018, the city of Pittsburgh used up the one million in funds allocated to deal with landslide damage in a matter of months.
"Combined with increased rainfall rates related to climate change, landslides in the United States have become more common and more severe."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- oxalemia · MORE. Related Questions. What is oxalate?
- The Oxalate Content of Food
- the different methods used for measuring oxalate in food. Published values for will vary depending on the underlying condition causing high oxalate levels.
- Food Sources of Oxalate
- Food Sources of Oxalate. FRUITS. Blackberries.
- Category Food Oxalate Content GFCF Status SCD Status Salicylate
- Oxalate Content. GFCF Status. SCD Status.
- Fresno State Students work with NASA
- The team tested the formation of a substance called calcium oxalate in order to see how it reacts in a microgravity environment on NASA's "Weightless Wonder" aircraft.
- Fresno State students work with NASA
- Calcium oxalate are sharp salt crystals found in plants and is also the major component of kidney stones. The Reduced Gravity Education Flight Program gives undergraduate students the chance to offer ideas to NASA.
- C&J Nutritionists' Advice on Calcium-Blocking Foods
- Foods that contain oxalate can reduce the amount of calcium you absorb because the oxalate binds with calcium in your intestines. So, not as much calcium can be absorbed from your intestines and therefore passes right through you.
- Vijai Pandian column: Protect your pooch from poisonous landscape plants
- Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) — Popularly known as pie plant; however, the toxic soluble oxalate compound in the leaves and stalks is poisonous to many pets.
- Kidney Stones Linked to CVD, Metabolic Syndrome
- Individuals with obesity and low urinary pH also excrete greater amounts of calcium and oxalate, and this increases the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation, he said. Dr.
- Oxalate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Oxalate (IUPAC: ethanedioate), is the dianion with formula C2O42− also written ( COO)22−.
- WHFoods: Can you tell me what oxalates are and in which foods
- Oxalates are naturally-occurring substances found in plants, animals, and in humans.
- Home-Low Oxalate Diet
- Oxalate is a very simple sort of molecule. It links up with calcium and crystallizes under some conditions, including when it encounters damaged tissues.
- Calcium oxalate crystals, in turn, contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
- Oxalate, Kidney Stone Treatments, UW Health, University of
- Jun 24, 2010 Approximately 20 percent of individuals who form calcium oxalate stones have hyperoxaluria (high oxalate in their urine).
Oxalate is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Oxalate books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
Suggested News Resources
Suggested Web Resources
Related searcheslist of anime conventions oregon
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Monday, July 28, 2014
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Message Text: Microsoft has released a preview of the new Photosynth, the next phase of the company's experience that analyzes digital photographs to generate three-dimensional views of real world spaces.
With Photosynth, you can capture the places you love in amazing resolution and full 3D.
Powered by Microsoft's third generation 3D technology, hotosynth is recommend for anyone with a D-SLR or a point-and-shoot camera. Once a synth is created you can easily share on Facebook, Twitter or via embed with a few clicks.
The new Photosynth technology supports four basic experiences: spin, panorama, walk, and wall.
You can spin around an object as small as a cup and saucer or as large as glacial peak. Wiht Panorama, you can just yourself in the center off a space and look in every direction. Walk allows you to follow a path through the woods, your house or fly toward any direction. And with wall, you can slide across a scene, checking out every last detail.
Here is how Photosynth works:
When you upload a set of photos to Microsoft's cloud service, the technology starts by looking for points (called "features") in successive photos that appear to be the same object.
If it finds many features that reoccur in your set of photos, it passes this information on to the second step: bundle adjustment. Bundle adjustment, a standard technique in photogrammetry, determines where in 3D space each feature is, exactly where each photo was taken from, and how the camera was oriented for each photo.
Third, the technology uses the feature points in each photo to generate 3D shapes. It does so on a per-photo basis rather than trying to generate a global 3D model for the scene. The 3D model generated by Photosynth is coarse - you can see it if you type "c" (for camera) in the viewer and then use your mouse wheel to zoom out.
Next, the technology calculates a smooth path (think of it as a steadicam) through the locations of the camera for each photo. With this path, Photosynth presents the experience of moving through a synth as a gliding motion even if the actual photos were shot at different heights or slightly off-angle. You can see this path if you type "m" (for map) in the viewer. Finally, Photosynth slices and dices the images into multi-resolution pyramids for efficient access.
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Food-based dietary guidelines
Food-based dietary guidelines - Kenya
Official name
National Guidelines for Healthy Diets and Physical Activity
Publication year
Kenya published its dietary guidelines in 2017.
Process and stakeholders
The Guidelines were developed through a broad consultative process, led by the Nutrition and Dietetics Unit within the Ministry of Health, through a broad consultative process. Collaborators included other divisions of Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, and academia. The World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, Micronutrient Initiative, and World Food Programme provided financial and technical support to the development process.
Intended audience
The recommendations are targeted at the general population with key messages provided for each stage of the life cycle.
The Guidelines document is designed for use by policy makers, program designers and implementers. They are also suitable for professionals who educate others on nutrition for optimal health (nutritionists, health practitioners, teachers at institutions, including colleges and technical training institutes, community educators, and agricultural extension workers). They also include a framework for resource mobilisation, collaboration and between the health sector and other key sectors.
Food guide
The food guide is under development.
For healthy eating
 1. Eat a variety of foods from different food groups every day. Include whole or unprocessed starchy foods as part of meals.
 2. Eat plenty of green leafy vegetables, red and yellow vegetables and fruits every day; and include a variety of other vegetables and fruit.
 3. Eat beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas, pigeon peas, soya, nuts and edible seeds regularly (at least four times a week).
 4. Eat lean meat, fish and seafood, poultry, insects or eggs at least twice a week.
 5. Drink fresh milk, fermented milk or yoghurt every day.
 6. Use oil or fat in moderation in meals; limit the amount of solid fat. Use fortified oil.
 7. If you use sugar, use it sparingly.
 8. Use iodised salt, but use it sparingly.
 9. Drink plenty of safe water.


text:
- order (n.)
- early 13c., "body of persons living under a religious discipline," from Old French ordre "position, estate; rule, regulation; religious order" (11c.), from earlier ordene, from Latin ordinem (nominative ordo) "row, rank, series, arrangement," originally "a row of threads in a loom," from Italic root *ord- "to arrange, arrangement" (cf. ordiri "to begin to weave," e.g. in primordial), of unknown origin.
Meaning "a rank in the (secular) community" is first recorded c.1300; meaning "command, directive" is first recorded 1540s, from the notion of "to keep in order." Military and honorary orders grew our of the fraternities of Crusader knights. Business and commerce sense is attested from 1837. In natural history, as a classification of living things, it is first recorded 1760. Meaning "condition of a community which is under the rule of law" is from late 15c.
Phrase in order to (1650s) preserves etymological notion of "sequence." The word reflects a medieval notion: "a system of parts subject to certain uniform, established ranks or proportions," and was used of everything from architecture to angels. Old English expressed many of the same ideas with endebyrdnes. In short order "without delay" is from 1834, American English; order of battle is from 1769.
- order (v.)
- c.1200, "give order to, to arrange in order," from order (n.). Meaning "to give orders for or to" is from 1540s. Related: Ordered; ordering.


text:
The CAM-Wizard TAPE editor is used to edit the tape code that is normally created by the POST processor. The tape editor is normally run by typing TAPE while running CAM or by selecting it from other programs. This program can also be run directly from the operating system by using the TAPE command.
The TAPE editor uses many special keys. On the right side of the keyboard there are eight special keys, Up Arrow, Down Arrow, Left Arrow, Right Arrow, Home, End, PgUp, and PgDn, that are used for moving the blinking cursor. The Arrow keys are used for moving the cursor around on the screen. The [Home] key is used to move to the beginning of the line. The [ End] key can is used to move to the end of the line. The user can scroll up and down a page at a time with the [PgUp] and [PgDn] keys.
Also on the keypad are the [Ins] and [Del] keys. Pressing the [Ins] key will toggle the insert mode. When in insert mode typing any character will move the part of the line to the right of the cursor to the right and insert the character, otherwise the character will "type over" the existing characters on that line. Pressing [Del] will move the part of the line to the right of the cursor, to the left, deleting the character over the cursor.
Because the editor has been designed to accept anything that is typed into it as pure input to be included in the text file it creates, all functions other than the input of that data must be executed by pressing special function keys. These keys are located on the top row of the keyboard.
The [F1] key is used to insert a line into the text. pressing this key causes the line that the cursor is on to move down one line, creating a blank line to type on. The [F2] key causes the line that the cursor is on to be deleted.
The [F3] key is used for the search function. Pressing [F3] will cause the program to stop and input a character string from the user. The editor will then search from its current position in the program for that string. Entering nothing at the "Find String?" will cause the last string to be searched for again from the current cursor position on.
The [F4] key is used for the replace function. When this key is pressed, the user is asked what string to search for. After typing in this string and pressing [Enter], the user is asked what string to change it to. All occurrences of the first string will then be highlighted, and the user will be asked "Replace? (Y/N/G/Esc)?". Pressing [Y] will replace that occurrence of the search string. Pressing [N] will skip that occurrence. Pressing [G] will replace all remaining occurrences. Pressing [Esc] will abort the replace function.
The [F5] key must be used with care. When [F5] is pressed, the program will ask "Are You Sure? (Y/N)?". Pressing [Y] will then ERASE the entire tape; if it has not been saved it will be lost. This key is used to erase everything in order to start new.
The [F6] key is used to exit the editor, save the current text, and run the programs that appear when the key is pressed. The programs available from the editor will be listed on the screen with a single character to the left of each. Pressing the key corresponding to any of those characters will cause the related program to be run. Pressing an invalid key will return operation to the editor as if nothing had happened.
The [F7] key is used to read in a previously stored file from the disk. After pressing this key, the user is asked for a file name. Entering the file name and pressing [Enter] will cause that file to be appended to the text already loaded into the editor. Entering a CAM-Wizard device name will cause the text to be read from that device using the protocol and handshaking defined for that device in IO.CFG.
The [F8] key is used to write a file to a disk or to the printer. Entering a valid MS-DOS file name causes the text to be saved on a disk file and typing the word PRINTER will cause the text to be sent to the printer. Entering a CAM-Wizard device name (such as PUNCH, or a machine name) will cause the tape code to be sent to that device using the protocol and handshaking defined for that device in IO.CFG.
The [F9] key is used for block editing functions. Blocks of text can be copied and deleted using the block edit command. When pressed, the system will prompt you for the function, either mark block start, mark block end, copy block, or delete block. Blocks must be defined before they can be copied or deleted.
The [F10] key is used to renumber a tape. This function will ask the increment to use for renumbering the tape. At this time the user can specify the number to be counted by and the number of digits to use on the tape. For instance if you type 005, then the tape will be numbered by 5 and each N number on the tape will take up 3 digits. ( 005, 010, 015, 020... ).
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text:
Dependable pH control is vital for producing precursor polymer. The elements, or sensors, must operate over a wide pH range. Sensors must respond quickly and survive a harsh environment. Poor probe reliability can make the difference between a process that makes money and one that doesn't.
Batch production of monomer
Polychemie, Pearlington, Miss., manufactures coagulant and solution flocculants for its parent company, SNF Inc. The Mississippi plant produces a monomer that's a precursor for PolyDADMAC polymer (poly-diallyl, dimethyl ammonium chloride). The process takes two steps: charging raw materials, followed by separation. The measurement of pH has different roles during the two stages of the process. During the first stage, pH controls addition of a raw material at low pH; the second stage operates at a high pH (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Fine control is critical during first step in polymerization.
During this process, the reactor's pH sensor is subjected to an extremely harsh and abrasive environment with temperatures ranging up to 180°F. Steam coils within the vessel's jacket maintain the high temperatures.
During the initial phase, two ingredients flow into the agitated reactor, mixing with an already present third material. pH is maintained by controlling the flow rate of one of the compounds. The stoichiometry in the reactor is managed by the pH loop. pH control also is important during the second process step, the stripping phase. In this step, water and residual organic matter are removed from the monomer product.
The plant recycles the excess organic materials. During the second step the reactor operates under vacuum at elevated temperature, and with a tight tolerance on alkalinity (9 pH to 10 pH). pH is used to control the rate of caustic addition. A high pH is required for stripping. Abrasive salts form during this phase, adding another threat to the pH probe in its environment. At the beginning of this phase the sensor must respond quickly to achieve product quality. A distributed control system terminates caustic addition at a predetermined value.
Finding a rugged pH sensor
Polychemie tried several types of pH sensors in the reactor, but none could long withstand the harsh environment. Shortly after installation, sensor response times slowed to a point that rendered the pH reading useless. Even flowing reference sensors, with both conventional glass and unique glass/steel measuring electrodes, quickly degraded in the harsh conditions.
Eventually the plant found success with the TB557 pH sensor from ABB Instrumentation (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Teflon and Viton provides some protection against reference contamination.
This unit consists of a hot-tap retractable sensor, which allows easy insertion or removal through a ball valve without disturbing the process. The plant now uses the sensors on four batch reactors.
ABB supplies the sensor complete with a ball valve assembly that bolts to a standard flanged port on the reactor. The sensor has a patented reference comprised of a matrix of immobilized KCl salt fronted by a porous Teflon junction. This "solid state" reference is almost immune to poisoning or the plugging problems that plague conventional liquid, slurry and gel-based references. Without this reference technology the sensor would be quickly destroyed during batch operations involving vacuum and extremely high pH.
The ABB probe's sensitive hemispherical glass electrode is rugged enough to withstand abrasion and strong caustic. It is rated for a true 0 to 14 pH range at temperatures to 140°C (284°F). The body of the sensor is Kynar (PVDF) strengthened by a titanium sheath; both materials hold up well to the harsh process conditions. An integral cable and temperature element complete this rugged combination pH sensor.
The sensors have operated successfully at the Polychemie plant for about three years. Polychemie calibrates the pH sensors and transmitters from the four reactors on a weekly schedule. To do so, technicians simply retract the sensor, close the ball valve, and then remove the sensor for field calibration (Figures 3 ).
Figure 3. Sensor can be easily retracted through ball valve for calibration or inspection.
Technicians check the sensor and transmitter accuracies as well as the sensor response time (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Typical two-point calibration of retracted pH probe.
Because pH measurement is so critical to successful batch production of this monomer process, Polychemie replaces the sensors every six months as a matter of policy.
Kyle Becker is Maintenance Engineer for Polychemie in Pearlington, Miss. E-mail him at _EMAIL_.


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for exterior surface-applied bonding compounds for improving the adhesion of cementitious material to concrete or other masonry surfaces or any structurally sound surfaces.
1.2 This specification also covers test methods for determining performance requirements and physical properties.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI metric values given in parentheses are approximate and are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in Sections 9, 10, 11, and 12 in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Specification for Surface-Applied Bonding Compounds for Exterior Plastering|
|Engelse titel||Standard Specification for Surface-Applied Bonding Compounds for Exterior Plastering|


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I have a figure in my paper (I am using IEEEtran package). After this figure there exists a space between the figure and the text. How can I reduce the size of this white space. To be specific the space is between the caption of the figure and the text of my paper. Any suggestions?
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3 Answers 3
This depends on the location of the float - if the float is at the top of the page, the gap between the caption and the text is \textfloatsep, while the gap for a float in the middle of the page is given by \intextsep.
From the layouts package documentation it is possible to see the lengths in terms of page/document float elements (p 21 onward):
enter image description here
Default for ieeetran are
 - \textfloatsep: 1.7\baselineskip plus 0.2\baselineskip minus 0.5\baselineskip
 - \intextsep: \baselineskip plus 0.2\baselineskip minus 0.2\baselineskip
and therefore depends on the choice of the default font (since that sets \baselineskip). The default pt-form is therefore
 - \textfloatsep: 20.4pt plus 2.4pt minus 4.8pt
 - \intextsep: 12.0pt plus 2.4pt minus 2.4pt
in the 10pt font size. The above includes some stretch/shrink. You can modify them using \setlength. For example,
\setlength{\textfloatsep}{\baselineskip plus 0.2\baselineskip minus 0.2\baselineskip}
would allow for between (roughly) 10pt and 15pt gap between the float and the text. Something like
would fix the distance to 5pt (without stretch/shrink).
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I'm having a huge space between the end of a paragraph and the beginning of the next one, I don't know the reason, I'm using IEEE trans template – Tak Jul 30 '13 at 3:42
_USER_: What do you have around these paragraphs? What float specifiers do you use for any floats around it? – Werner Jul 30 '13 at 3:52
I have a float after the end of the paragraph \begin{figure}[t] \begin{figure}[t] \centering { \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture] \node[mynode] (image2) {\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{avghist}}; \end{tikzpicture}} \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay] \end{tikzpicture} \caption{} \label{} \end{figure} \begin{figure*}[pht] {\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{squash3}}\caption{AA} \label{} \end{figure*} \begin{table*}[pht] \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}>{\hsize=0.8\hsize}X 2{>{\hsize=1.1\hsize}X}@{}} \toprule \bottomrule \end{tabularx} \caption{AAA} \label{} \end{table} – Tak Jul 30 '13 at 3:58
_USER_: Do you really have 2 figures (nested)? It's difficult to gauge what else might be the problem. – Werner Jul 30 '13 at 4:16
I have two figures then a table – Tak Jul 30 '13 at 4:20
If you do not want to modify the standard template and just want a quick fix for this, you may add the following command to your document preamble:
Then, you can use the command \squeezeup throughout your document for reducing the free space after/before figures, formulas, etc., as needed.
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You can use etoolbox package. Just set a \vskip with a negative value at the start (\BeforeBeginEnvironment or \AtBeginEnvironment) and at the end (\AfterEndEnvironment) of the environment figure.
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text:
Washington State University's newest farm, named for R. James Cook, was launched as a long-term direct-seed cropping systems research program by a team of WSU and USDA-ARS scientists in 2000.
The goals of the farm are to:
- Play a leadership role through research, education and demonstration in helping growers in the high-precipitation areas of the Inland Northwest make the transition agronomically and economically to continuous direct-seeding (no-till farming) of land that has been tilled since farming began near the end of the 19th century.
- Provide databases and understanding of the variable soil characteristics, pest pressures, and historic crop yield and quality attributes over a typical Palouse landscape as the foundation for the adoption and perfection of precision-agriculture technology in this region.
The farm is managed with continuous direct seeding techniques with commercial-scale equipment. Research is focused on developing direct seed cropping systems and precision-agriculture technologies for a "typical" eastern Palouse landscape where annual cropping is typically practiced. Guided by an Advisory Committee comprised of a diverse constituency, the research conducted at the Agronomy Farm will strive to develop new guiding principles and practices fundamental to reducing risks, increasing profits, conserving soil and other natural resources and improving environmental quality. The results will serve some 2.6 million acres in Washington and 1 million acres in Idaho, representing the higher-precipitation areas.


text:
Package Included:1pcs* Plant growth lamp【1*Planting machine,2*Planting box(Containing vermiculite),1*Instruction manual,1*Power Adapter,1*Controller and Light standr】
1, intelligent timing, full spectrum mode: plug in the power, the button lights, enter the timing state, the timing is set to 16 hours fill light + 8 hours rest, automatic cycle;
2, planting energy-saving mode: short press the button twice to enter the red and blue pure planting mode;
3, adjustable reading mode (regular table lamp mode, adjustable brightness): raise flowers, read the two correct, that is, plant growth lights, but also eye protection reading lights, care for plants and your eyes;
4. Water shortage alarm: built-in water level sensor, peripheral water level line, both coexist. When the water level in the planting tank is lower than 10%, the water level warning light will continue to light, and a "drop" sound will be sounded every 15 minutes., reminding to add water;
5. New hydroponic technology: special planting medium avoids pest pollution caused by soil and eliminates mosquito growth. At the same time, using space meteorite medium to improve the germination rate of plants, it is more suitable for plant growth;
6, special intelligent lighting, sink settings: through the study of the spectrum of sunlight, using special LED lamp beads to fill the plant, so that photosynthesis, so that plants have sufficient Yang Guan and water supply, while avoiding The baptism of outdoor wind and rain makes the flowers more vivid and moving, allowing the flowering period to last longer
1. Connect the power supply;
2, short press the button, enter the full-open (red, blue and white light full) automatic mode, the machine automatically counts the cycle work time and rest time (work 16 hours, rest 8 hours);
3, the full-open mode and then press the button to enter the planting pattern (red blue). In this mode, the machine will start cycle time and rest time (work 16 hours, rest 8 hours) from this time;
4, and then press the button planting patterns, entering mode lamp (white light). In this mode, press the button, brightness adjustment third gear cycle, after selecting the appropriate luminance brightness lock release button;
5. Press the button again in the lamp mode to shut down;
6, a total of four short button main function can be cycled, in order: boot full light – plant lights – table lamp – shutdown
Note: After each shutdown or switch mode, the machine will restart timing working hours and rest time.
Plant suitable for planting
A. Flowers: Rose, Begonia, Petunia, Coleus, Five-Star, Oregon, Wenzhu, Campanulaceae, Gypsophila, Lily, Sunflower, Chrysanthemum, Tulip, Pansy, Xia, Daffodil, mimosa, cyclamen, periwinkle, six times, fragrant color bird, cockscomb and so on.
B. Herbs: basil, fragrant grass, rosemary, thyme, musk, mint, etc.
C. Vegetables: Lettuce, spinach, celery, spinach, onion, leeks, salad, parsley, cabbage.
D. Melons and fruits: pumpkin (pocket), edamame, green beans, tomatoes, peppers, cucumber, eggplant.


Tackling information overload - fact vs fiction
Tackle Information Overload and Take Ownership of your Health
Dr. Kimberley O'Brien Lifestyle 2 Comments
Have you ever read an article touting the latest and greatest superfood, only to later watch the news and hear that same food might actually be harmful to your health?
Or maybe you read a newspaper headline stating "Build unbeatable bones with dairy". Meanwhile the health magazine you just bought poses the question: "Does dairy cause osteoporosis?".
You watch a newscast stating, "Choose whole grains to protect your heart", just to read later "How 'heart-healthy' whole grains make us fat".
How are you supposed to discern which statement is truthful?
And how do you get through each day without constantly debating your health decisions?
Unfortunately this kind of polarized reporting yields major confusion, which usually leads to one of two consequences:
 1. People get stressed out and incessantly worry about every decision that they make.
 2. People become apathetic and decide that they cannot win, no matter what choice they make.
Both options are a sad reality that decrease the sense of ownership we have over our own health.
I hope that this article helps you to navigate the information overload, identify fact from fiction and become empowered in your own health.
How to navigate the information overload
While it may be overwhelming, there are several ways that you can navigate through the thickets of information and end up healthy and stress-free on the other side.
Below are my top five recommendations on how to tell fact from fiction in the confusing and contradictory world of health and wellness. Take into account the following considerations when determining the quality of information provided and the credibility of it's source.
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1. Who is the individual or group advocating the particular viewpoint?
While this seems like a basic concept, it is immensely important in determining the soundness of the statement or opinion. Does the individual have any education or expertise on the topic? Are they involved in healthcare and do they stay current with the leading research in the industry?
Is the individual that is writing or speaking about the topic basing their viewpoints solely upon their own personal experience? If so, their personal experience may not be generalizable to the rest of the population.
I don't believe that you need letters behind your name or other such credentials to have expertise in a particular subject area. However, I do believe that the necessary research needs to be done to provide credibility and diminish bias.
2. What does this person have to gain by sharing this viewpoint?
Perhaps they are passionate about the topic, have studied it extensively and want to share their greater knowledge with the masses. Great! But perhaps they are financially invested in the outcome…
When I was researching examples of contradictory articles to use for this piece, I found that the dairy associations had authored many of the articles advocating the importance of dairy for bone health. Obviously, they stand to make a financial gain by telling consumers that they should be drinking more milk. Is the alternative milk industry (ex: almond and soy milk) posting anti-dairy articles? If so, this would be another example of bias in their writing and declarations. Although having a vested financial interest does not mean that their statements are necessarily incorrect, it is important to note they may have a bias in marketing a particular viewpoint. While these are blatantly obvious examples, it is always important to be mindful and look for financial motivators when discerning the credibility of information.
3. Is the presented claim based on historical data, scientific literature or someone's opinion?
If it is based on a personal opinion, refer back to criteria number one. Is this person educated or otherwise qualified in the area that they are writing or speaking about? Do others support their opinion and has the individual done the appropriate research? Scientific research definitely improves the legitimacy of a claim or statement, but it is important to note that scientific studies can also have their flaws and biases.
4. Does the argument or statement seem logical?
A patient recently told me that a healthcare provider had informed them that their active Chrons disease (a complex digestive disorder) would not be at all affected by their choice in diet. This is completely illogical, and it is unfortunate that the individual was presented with this irresponsible viewpoint. It was quite difficult for this patient to discern the fallacy or negligence in this viewpoint, as it had been delivered to them by a medical professional.
Trust your instincts and logic, and be sure to do your own research when something just does not sound right.
5. Is this an extreme stance or viewpoint?
"Extreme" diets, fitness routines and therapies can be extraordinarily useful for certain medical conditions and some individuals. However, extremes can also be a sign of a passing fad. For example, the Atkins diet surged in popularity several years ago and attracted a lot of media attention. Is it effective? Yes, it definitely has the potential to lead to weight loss. Are there other diets that I would recommend instead? Yes, most definitely!
Another example of an "extreme" diet is the "Specific carbohydrate diet". This is a very restrictive diet that can do wonders for many individuals with complex digestive conditions. However, not everyone needs such a restrictive diet and for many individuals the difficulty of the diet would outweigh the potential benefits.
Take Home Message
Reflecting on these questions when faced with controversial material will equip you to better analyze the information overload that we face day to day. When presented with conflicting information, realize that the truth usually lies somewhere in between the two extremes.
Utilize these tools to help discern fact from fiction and empower yourself by taking an active role in your health.
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Dr. Kimberley O'Brien
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Comments 2
 1. I have been told that I have 'irritable bowel syndrome'. For me, that translated into chronic constipation and constant stomach aches. I have found a diet in the internet called "low-FODmap". It seems doable but I am already underweight and concerned if this will be a diet that will give me enough caloric intact while truly helping.
 1. Post
 Hi Bev! Thank you for your comment. The low-FODmap diet can be a great diet for people that experience IBS. However, you are right in that it is a very restrictive diet. While it works wonders for some patients, not all people require such a strict diet to experience relief from their symptoms.
 Irritable bowel syndrome can be caused by a variety of issues, and I always work with my patients to identify the underlying cause of their symptoms before deciding upon the best diet and treatment plan. Some of the most common causes of IBS symptoms include food sensitivities (commonly dairy, gluten and eggs), imbalanced bacteria within the gut, digestive enzyme deficiency and chronic stress. A low-FODmap diet can be helpful especially for cases where decreased digestive function and/or bacterial imbalance is the cause. For people that are experiencing IBS due to particular food sensitivities, simply identifying and removing the offending food groups from the diet can be enough to resolve their symptoms. Depending on the cause of your IBS, you may be able to resolve your symptoms without requiring a dietary plan as restrictive as the initial phase of the low-FODmap diet.
 A naturopathic doctor can work with you to identify the cause of your concerns and provide you with a therapeutic diet plan that is specific to your needs. Since you have concerns about obtaining enough calories, you will want to make sure to consult with a professional that can help you design the best program to maximize your overall health. Even with the low-FODmap diet, a properly designed plan will ensure that you have enough caloric intake. You might actually find that you are able to eat more with the low-FODmap diet if you were previously experiencing a lot of gas and bloating. Since this diet is designed specifically to reduce these unpleasant symptoms, you may find that you can eat more food much more comfortably than before.
 I hope that this information helps you out, and that you are able to determine the underlying cause of your digestive concerns. Check out the recipe section of my website for healthy whole-food recipes to get yourself started!
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Vitamins & Minerals
What is a Bro Split Workout Routine?
A "bro split" refers to any workout routine (or "split") that trains different body parts (or muscle groups) on different days. For instance, training arms one day, chest another, shoulders another, and so on.
The bro split workout routine is commonly associated with bodybuilding magazines and dubious (and often fake natty) fitness "gurus." As such, it's often disparaged by the evidence-based fitness community for being scientifically unsound and thus ineffective for gaining muscle and strength.
Is this scorn deserved, though?
In truth, the efficacy of a bro split routine largely comes down to how it's programmed. Plan your exercises, sets, and reps wisely, and you can make excellent progress following a bro split, especially if you're new to lifting weights.
Plan your workouts poorly, though, and you'll likely hit a plateau and spend months spinning your wheels with little to show for it. This is hardly unique to the body-part split, however—every other option can fail when incorrectly implemented.
So, in this article, you'll learn everything you need to know to make a bro-split work for you, including answers to questions like...
 - What is a bro split?
 - Do bro splits work?
 - What is the best bro split workout routine for building muscle?
 - How does the bro split stack up against other routines?
What Is a Bro Split?
A bro split—also known as a body-part split—is a workout routine that trains each major muscle group (or body part) on different days of the week.
Each muscle group is typically trained once per week, so a 5-day bro split workout routine normally looks something like this:
Generally speaking, bro splits also involve doing a lot of sets and reps in each workout, leaving the target muscle group swollen, sore, and pumped
In fact, this is one of the reasons bro splits are popular. Many people are under the (false) impression that the more you train a muscle group in a single workout, the more it grows afterward.
As you'll learn in a moment, however, hammering a single muscle group with six or ten or more exercises in a row isn't a smart way to program a bro split.
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Do Bro Splits Work?
Despite what many fitness experts say, bro-splits can be very effective for gaining muscle and strength... if they're programmed correctly (and that's a big if). And especially if you're in your first year or so of weightlifting.
To fully answer the question, "do bro splits work?" however, you have to weigh the pros and cons of following a bro split workout routine.
Let's look at the pros first.
Bro Split Routine Pros
Perhaps the biggest benefit of the bro split routine is that it's simple.
Each of your workouts has a very specific goal (to train your chest, for example), so you know exactly what you're doing every time you set foot in the gym.
Many people also enjoy bro splits, and we tend to push ourselves harder when we enjoy our training.
Dedicating an entire session to a single muscle group means you can train it with enough volume (sets and reps) in each workout to get a big pump, which isn't necessary for muscle growth, but which has also been famously likened to having an orgasm.
Another reason many guys like bro splits is they typically emphasize upper-body training. If you follow a 5-day bro split routine like the example I shared earlier, for instance, then you're spending four out of five days in the gym training your upper body muscles.
This cuts both ways, though, because bro splits are often lousy for people who want to emphasize their lower bodies, which includes many women. That said, you can set up a bro split in a way that includes more lower-body training.
Bro Split Routine Cons
The biggest criticism leveled at the bro-split is that it doesn't provide the optimal training frequency or volume for all of your muscle groups.
Research shows that if you want to build muscle as quickly and effectively as possible, you should train each of your major muscle groups at least twice per week (particularly if you've been training for more than a year or so) with a total of 10-to-20 sets.
However, when you follow a bro split workout routine, you'll generally only train each major muscle group once per week.
Some people try to work around this issue by just doing more sets in each workout, but this can cause two problems:
 - You'll probably have to reduce your weights as your workout drags on and your muscles become fatigued.
 - You may get so sore and fatigued from a workout that it interferes with subsequent workouts later in the week. For example, "blasting" your chest on Monday will likely cut into your shoulder workout on Wednesday.
While you may not notice these effects at first, they'll hinder your ability to gain muscle and strength over time.
Another reason people carp at bro-split routines has to do with muscle protein synthesis (MPS), the process your body uses to repair, grow, and strengthen muscle fibers.
Research shows that rates of muscle protein synthesis are elevated immediately following a workout and return to normal 10-to-48 hours later, depending on how experienced you are (the more experienced you are, the faster MPS declines after a workout).
This means that after two-to-three days, your muscles are done growing in response to the previous workout, and if you want them to get bigger and stronger, you'll have to train them again.
A typical bro split has you training each muscle group just once per week, which means you're waiting a full seven days before training a muscle again. That's a lot of time spent not building muscle each week.
That said, there are two reasons this isn't as problematic as many people make it out to be:
First, when people say that bro splits only train each major muscle group once per week, they're talking about badly-designed bro split routines. Which, in fairness, includes most of the programs you're likely to find floating around the Internet.
If you follow a half-decent bro split workout routine that includes plenty of compound exercises, though, you'll likely train each muscle group more than once per week.
That's because there's a lot of muscular carryover between compound exercises. For example, the bench press trains your chest but also your shoulders and triceps. The one-arm dumbbell row trains your lats but also your biceps and shoulders. And the squat and deadlift train your legs and back.
Thus, if you use the right exercises, you'll probably train each muscle group 1.5 to 2 times per week. And if you do those exercises in the right order for the right number of sets and reps, you'll have no problem making progress following a bro split routine.
Second, if you've been lifting weights for less than a year, you can still grow like gangbusters training each muscle group once per week. People who are new to weightlifting experience a much more prolonged increase in muscle protein synthesis and thus don't need to train as often as more mature weightlifters.
The Best Bro Split Workout Routine
As I mentioned a moment ago, when it comes to how well a bro split will work for you, the devil is in the details. So long as the bro split you follow is based around compound exercises, you're pushing for progressive overload in every workout, and, if you've been training for a year or longer, you train each muscle group at least twice per week, you can make excellent progress.
Let's take a look at a bro split workout routine that checks all of these boxes...
Day 1: Chest
 - Flat Barbell Bench Press: 3 sets of 4-to-6 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Flat Dumbbell Bench Press: 3 sets of 8-to-10 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Dumbbell Chest Fly: 3 sets of 10-to-12 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
Day 2: Back
Day 3: Shoulders
 - Barbell Overhead Press: 3 sets of 4-to-6 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Arnold Press: 3 sets of 8-to-10 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Dumbbell Side Lateral Raise: 3 sets of 10-to-12 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Dumbbell Rear Lateral Raise: 3 sets of 10-to-12 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
Day 4: Legs
 - Barbell Back Squat: 3 sets of 4-to-6 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Romanian Deadlift: 3 sets of 6-to-8 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Leg Press: 3 sets of 8-to-10 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Seated Calf Raise: 3 sets of 10-to-12 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
Day 5: Arms
 - Close-grip Bench Press: 3 sets of 4-to-6 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Barbell Biceps Curl: 3 sets of 8-to-10 reps with 2-to-3 min rest
 - Overhead Triceps Extension: 3 sets of 8-to-10 reps with


If you think that the computer that you are using is not trustworthy, for example when using a public computer in a library, everything that you type might be recorded by a hardware keylogger.
You can use the GNOME screen keyboard to protect you against a hardware keylogger when typing passwords and sensitive text. To display the screen keyboard, see the corresponding documentation.


text:
Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) is warning motorists that collisions between deer and vehicles increase in certain parts of Scotland at this time of year.
Car accidents involving deer peak, as the clocks turn back.
With the nights starting earlier, the peak commuting time coincides with deer coming out to feed on grass verges near roadsides.
SNH, in conjunction with Transport Scotland and Traffic Scotland, are placing warning messages on electronic variable messaging signs.
From Monday of this week to Monday, 14 November, the signs will warn motorists at key locations on the main trunk roads across West and Northwest Scotland. These messages will be seen on signs on the A9, A87, A82 and the A835.
The latest deer-vehicle collisions research shows there are more than 7000 deer-related accidents every year in Scotland
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Weather for Ellon
Sunday 19 May 2013
Temperature: 9 C to 13 C
Wind Speed: 7 mph
Wind direction: East
Temperature: 8 C to 13 C
Wind Speed: 22 mph
Wind direction: North west


text: This research explores how land use shapes social relations in the western Highlands of Scotland, a sparsely populated and largely treeless area officially designated as 'wild land.' While the emptiness of this landscape nurtures apparently incompatible visions of conservation and rural development, resource management in wild areas necessitates frequent collaboration between conservationists and local inhabitants. Critical studies of nature have largely dismissed the wild as ideology and have primarily theorized wilderness areas in terms of capitalist value production. Departing from these trends, this research seeks to take wildness seriously as an emergent property of land and to remain curious about value production that exceeds the rational and the economic. In particular, it asks how actors' laboring engagement with Highland landscapes generates particular forms of human-nonhuman relationality, or'socionatural value'. Focusing on the laboring practices that bring humans and nonhumans into relation, this research will contribute to scholarship on more-than-human sociality and the production of landscape.


Source: Sherman Publications
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Letter to the Editor
Citizen supports school bond vision
March 21, 2012
Dear Editor,
Dr. Rock has been in Clarkston for only one and a half years and in that short time has helped grow a vision of what Clarkston Schools can and should be. His commitment to do right, not what is easy or popular, truly sets him apart. Creating a thinking culture is but one example.
Working to pass a bond to better educate our future workforce is another.
Recently a citizen hinted that the upcoming election is set in May to preclude the elderly from voting—absentee ballots are just as accessible in May as in August, November and February.
Interestingly, he seems to assume that those who don't have children in the schools do not have a vested interest in the education of our youth.
I spend time every Sunday with elderly people and consistently I hear from them how important educational opportunity is for our children.
Why in May, he asked. Answer: so that the schools can collect money this summer to positively impact our students in 2012, rather than 2013.
Why buy iPads or other technology? Answer: this is how the business world is run—our students need to be able to enter that workforce competitively. Regarding schools living within their means, this bond money is by and far for capital expenses—not salaries, paper, and/or pencils. The cost of living has increased and income to schools has dramatically decreased; thus the gap between expenses and income is constantly increasing.
I am thankful the leader of Clarkston Schools has a clear vision of how to help today's youth reach beyond their grasp, to become critical thinkers.
Kristy Spann
Independence Township


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What are advantages of nano touch blackboards?
Nano blackboard, also known as smart blackboard, is a new type of electronic blackboard that can directly replace traditional blackboards as an intelligent teaching multimedia display device.
Nano blackboard, also known as smart blackboard, is a new type of electronic blackboard that can directly replace traditional blackboards as an intelligent teaching multimedia display device. Nano touch screen blackboard is a high-tech interactive teaching product that integrates various functional devices such as blackboards, touch LCD screens, computers, audio systems, projectors, whiteboards, and more.
In terms of functionality, it covers touch interaction, multimedia teaching, and chalk writing, using world leading nanotouch technology to seamlessly connect traditional teaching blackboards with intelligent electronic blackboards through touch. When writing with chalk, it is also possible to synchronize and interact with teaching content, transforming the traditional teaching blackboard into a perceptible interactive blackboard. It is a revolutionary intelligent interactive teaching device that subverts traditional teaching modes!
The surface of the nano touch screen blackboard is designed with AG nano tempered glass, which has super strong explosion-proof, waterproof, anti drop, impact resistance, and wear resistance. A pure flat surface with rounded corners design makes it safer and more reliable. And the surface is coated with a nano coating that prevents light reflection, which can defend against glare and prevent the formation of reflective images on the blackboard surface. Certified by international authoritative institutions, its blue light filtering effect can reach 95%, maintaining rich and full colors without color deviation, preventing visual fatigue, and effectively protecting vision.
Equipped with a built-in light sensing chip, the nano blackboard screen can automatically adjust the brightness of the screen according to changes in environmental light, which is energy-saving and eye friendly. Intelligent technology endows nano blackboards with support for multiple writing methods, including ordinary chalk, dust-free chalk, water-based liquid pen, whiteboard pen, capacitive pen, and finger touch to achieve writing. This continues the interactive teaching method in the classroom and preserves the traditional teaching habits of blackboard writing.


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Workflow mapping can be used to create intelligent forms that show the user fields and information based on their responses to previous elements. For instance, your form might ask the parent how their child will be transported to school. If they answer 'Parent pickup/drop-off', that can trigger a field to appear for 'Alternative Driver' to designate who can pick the child up when the parents are unavailable; or if they select 'School Bus', you can make a dropdown appear where they can select their nearest bus stop. The idea is to minimize clutter and confusion by only displaying fields that are relevant to the user.
Enabling Workflow Mapping
In the Ecollect editor, choose the element that will become visible based on another element's value. Enable the Workflow Mapping option and then click on the icon. This will gray out most of the screen except for the elements that are eligible to be the determinant element. If the element you want is not available, try saving the form first and try again. Once you link the determinant element, it should be highlighted in orange whenever the initial element is selected.
Enter the Value for Visibility. This is the value of the determinant element that will trigger this element to appear. It can be set to multiple possible values, using the pipe (|) character. You could trigger the appearance of the dependent element for grades 1 through 4 with the value 1|2|3|4.
If the determinant element has choices this separate display and stored values (such as a grade level element with choices like Kindergarten|0 and Ninth|9) then the Value for Visibility must be set to the stored value (in this case, 0 or 9), not the visible text.
You can make multiple elements dependent on the same determinant element, and you can set a different Value for Visibility for each dependent element.
The determinant element can be almost any type of user input element, including text box, checkbox, dropdown, multiple choice, etc. If it is an element that allows multiple values, such as checkboxes, as long as one of the selections matches the Value for Visibility, the element will appear.
If the Value for Visibility is PART of the value of the determinant element, the dependent element will appear. For instance, if the Value for Visibility is day, the element will appear if the user selects Half day, Full day, or Multiple days.
Advanced Values for Visibility
The Value for Visibility works using Regex. If you know how to utilize Regex, there are many options for how you can use workflow mapping. Below are some examples of possible Values for Visibility and the scenarios that you would use them.
[^]+ - Visible if any value is selected/entered
^Sunday$ - Visible for the value of 'Sunday', but not for the value of 'Saturday/Sunday'
[0-5] - Equivalent to 0|1|2|3|4|5
^(?!.*Sunday).+$ - Visible for any value that does not contain 'Sunday'


text:
Note: Sorry, we do not have an accurate photo to share of this species. The photo provided is merely to illustrate it's growth form and habit.
An ultra mini terrestrial orchid native to Malaysia where it is found growing in lower montane rain forests at an elevation of _PHONE_ meters. They are unifoliate, producing one small leaf that grows flat to the ground followed by a spectacular flower about the same size or larger than the leaf itself. Prefers cooler temperatures and damp, well drained substrate. Not much more is known about there culture as they are quite rare in collections and difficult to come by.
They are typically sold in their dormant state in sets of two small tubers although some are emerging from their dormant state in a small sealed plastic container. We recommend trying a mix of 1/3 tropical potting soil, 1/3 chopped sphagnum moss, and 1/3 crushed tree fern fiber. They are very small and delicate so be especially careful when handling or transplanting them. Please note that because so little cultural information is available, we cannot guarantee your success and due diligence should be expected when giving these gems a try in your terrarium.
Quantity discounts available!


text:
Shigetaka Imabayashi 1 and Manabu Ishimaru 1
1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
Structural relaxation of amorphous germanium has been examined by molecular dynamics simulations based on the empirical Tersoff interatomic potential. Although the Tersoff potential overestimated both the melting and glass transition temperatures, it was found that this potential can reproduce the behavior of structural relaxation. The potential energy decreased with thermal annealing below the glass transition temperature, but it sometimes increased during structural relaxation. The mean square displacement of atoms also increased at the corresponding period. These changes were attributed to the cooperative atomic motion during structure relaxation. Atomic trajectories revealed that structural changes are induced by spatiallyand temporally-inhomogeneous atomic motions: atomic mobile and immobile regions coexisted during structural relaxation.
amorphous, germanium structural relaxation, molecular dynamics simulation, empirical interatomic potential
Please do not copy without permission.


text:
Stabilize RZ is a microbial soil amendment that improves soil health and biological activity, causing plants to better utilize water and nutrients. The result is stronger, healthier plants and higher yields. Stabilize RZ is an excellent addition to starter fertilizer programs for corn, cotton, soybeans, peanuts and grain sorghum as well as tobacco setter water. It may also be applied at layby or anytime nutrients are applied to the soil.
To enhance herbicide performance and improve application characteristics, Spectrum is the top choice adjuvant to ensure good coverage, penetration and retention, even in less than ideal conditions. Why is Spectrum so important for your herbicide application and how does it work?
The Market Facilitation Program (MFP) provides direct payments to help corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, wheat, dairy, and hog producers who have been directly impacted by illegal retaliatory tariffs, resulting in the loss of traditional exports.
With organic production coming into its own in American mainstream agriculture, Coastal is dedicated to providing its customers with the tools they need to succeed. We are pleased to announce the OMRI certification of Matrixx and Excel 2000. These products have proven themselves valuable time and time again, and now their value can be utilized in organic production. Please visit the Matrixx and Excel 2000 products pages for more information about how these products can improve crop yields by improving the coverage of your spray applications.
Important considerations for reducing spray drift include proper nozzle selection; spray technique including spray pressure, angle and application speed; evaluation of environmental conditions such as wind direction and temperature inversions; buffer zones and susceptible crops. To maximize drift reduction potential, add Drift-X DRT to your drift reduction plan. Drift-X DRT (Drift Reduction Technology) is a consistently high-performing deposition and drift management agent that delivers 20% more product to the target and provides uniform coverage on the targeted surface. Drift-X DRT reduces the number of spray droplet fines (less than 100 microns),
With the recent adverse weather conditions affecting a shortened planting season, our customers are seeing the benefits of Coastal's new drift reduction technology product Drift-X DRT (formerly Direct DRT). Drift-X DRT improves the on-target deposition and coverage of your spray application and reduces off-target movement. It performs well for any crop or burndown situation especially around sensitive areas. Drift-X DRT works by reducing the number of spray droplet fines less than 100 microns, increasing the VMD (Volume Median Diameter) of spray droplets and generating a more uniform droplet size spectrum. Drift-X DRT


text:
Striking a balance
01 October 2011 | News story
There's a growing realisation that successful conservation comes from strengthening governance processes and involving the people who live with and depend on nature. In northern Kenya, IUCN and partners, with support from UKaid and other donors, are helping to secure a future for endangered Grevy's zebra and the people who share a land with this iconic species.
Grevy's Zebra (Equus grevyi) is the largest of the three zebra species—distinguished from the more common plains zebra by its large size, narrow stripes and huge fuzzy ears. Once occurring across large tracts of the Horn of Africa, Grevy's zebra is now confined to the drylands of Northern Kenya with some isolated populations in southern and north-eastern Ethiopia. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Once hunted for its magnificent skin, Grevy's zebra has suffered one of the biggest declines of any African mammal, from a population of 15,000 to around 2,000 in the last 30 years. It is now one of Africa's most endangered large mammals.
Conservation of the species cannot be viewed in isolation from people. The fates of Grevy's zebra and human livelihoods are inextricably linked to the fragile ecosystem that they inhabit. Innovative community-based conservation models have been tried over the years by a number of organizations successfully conserving Grevy's zebras and their habitat. The success and sustainability of Grevy's zebra conservation depends on the commitment of communities living across its range. The Kenya Wildlife Service has developed a national conservation strategy for the species which involves local communities.
In Northern Kenya, IUCN and a local partner, the Resource Advocacy Programme (RAP) are supporting community initiatives in Garba Tula District to improve natural resource management and strengthen the capacity of the community to conserve priority species and rangeland habitat.
The initiative is strengthening land tenure and management institutions to enable local pastoralists to manage their rangelands which are home to some of the remaining populations of Grevy's zebra.
Communities have mapped their rangeland resources and have developed by-laws that are based on customary rules and management practices. The numbers and range of Grevy's zebra will be closely monitored to evaluate how well the project is protecting habitat and ecosystem health.
"Large scale participatory resource management plans developed by the community in Garba Tula have demonstrated complementarity between conservation of high value endangered species such as the Grevy's zebra and the pastoralists' way of life," says Guyo Roba, of IUCN's Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office. "Our project strengthens the legitimacy of land ownership and customary systems of natural resources access, regulation and management that go a long way in striking a balance between improving pastoralists' livelihood and wise stewardship of natural resources, thereby conserving Grevy's zebra and other ecosystem values."
IUCN's work contributes to the conservation efforts of the Grevy's Zebra Trust, a Kenyan organization that promotes the conservation of Grevy's zebra and its fragile habitat in partnership with pastoralist communities.
"Grevy's zebra is one of Kenya's most magnificent large mammals and yet many people do not realize that it is in trouble", says Belinda Low, Executive Director of Grevy's Zebra Trust. "The local communities that we work with are exceptionally dedicated to their role in conserving Grevy's zebra; they also recognize that the zebra is an indicator of an imperiled ecosystem on which they also depend. By securing resources for Grevy's zebra and other wildlife we secure resources for traditional livelihoods, thus improving biodiversity as well as human well-being. That, for me, is successful conservation."
For more information contact: Guyo Roba, IUCN Programme Officer for Drylands: _EMAIL_


text: An adequate reproducibility in the description of tissue architecture is still a challenge to diagnostic pathology, sometimes with unfortunate prognostic implications. To assess a possible diagnostic and prognostic value of quantitiative tissue architecture analysis, structural features based on the Voronoi Diagram (VD) and its subgraphs were developed and tested. A series of 27 structural features were developed and tested in a pilot study of 30 cases of prostate cancer, 10 cases of cervical carcinomas, 8 cases of tongue cancer and 8 cases of normal oral mucosa. Grey level images were acquired from hematoxyline-eosine (HE) stained sections by a charge coupled device (CCD) camera mounted on a microscope connected to a personal computer (PC) with an image array processor. From the grey level images obtained, cell nuclei were automatically segmented and the geometrical centres of cell nuclei were computed. The resulting 2-dimensional (2D) swarm of pointlike seeds distributed in a flat plane was the basis for construction of the VD and its subgraphs. From the polygons, triangulations and arborizations thus obtained, 27 structural features were computed as numerical values. Comparison of groups (normal vs. cancerous oral mucosa, cervical and prostate carcinomas with good and poor prognosis) with regard to distribution in the values of the structural features was performed with Student's t-test. We demonstrate that some of the structural features developed are able to distinguish structurally between normal and cancerous oral mucosa (P = 0.001), and between good and poor outcome groups in prostatic (P = 0.001) and cervical carcinomas (P = 0.001). We present results confirming previous findings that graph theory based algorithms are useful tools for describing tissue architecture (e.g., normal versus malignant). The present study also indicates that these methods have a potential for prognostication in malignant epithelial lesions.


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Nose ring, ornament inserted through different parts of the nose for personal adornment and used sometimes to signify social rank. Nose ornaments have been found especially among people in India, New Guinea, Polynesia, the pre-Columbian Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa.
Sometimes, the ala, or wing of the nose, and the septum are perforated. Often, only a small hole is made through the septum; but the hole can also be big enough for a finger to be passed through. Not only gold and jewels are worn in the nose: in New Guinea, especially among the Tuburi and the Solomon Islanders, the men wear great pointed sticks or the tusks of wild pig through holes in the nose.


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Forest fires and emission of air pollutants, which include fumes from vehicles running on diesel and slow burning of coal and charcoal, release isocyanic acid in the troposphere. In 2011, scientists first detected isocyanic acid in the ambient atmosphere at levels that are toxic to human populations; at concentrations exceeding 1 parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv), human beings could experience tissue decay when exposed to the toxin.
For the first time, using a chemical transport model designed to estimate the distribution and budget of isocyanic acid in the troposphere, Young et al. show that in several parts of the world, local emissions may increase the concentration of isocyanic acid in ambient atmosphere, thereby exposing large populations to potentially toxic levels of the acid.
Their research shows that regions that experience large forest fires, such as tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, Siberia, Canada, and the Amazon, or are heavily polluted, like China, are particularly vulnerable. In these regions, concentrations of isocyanic acid in the atmosphere exceeded the 1 ppbv limit for about 7-90 days per year. Their model also predicts that doubling the rate of air pollutant emission, particularly in heavily polluted regions of China, could increase the exposure of humans in the region to more than 170 days per year to isocyanic acid levels exceeding 1 ppbv.
On the basis of their study, the authors recommend more observations to improve estimates on global distribution of isocyanic acid in the atmosphere, particularly in regions experiencing large wild fires, where their model predicts the highest acid concentrations. Further, the authors suggest that scientists need to conduct research into indoor air pollution from the use of cooking stoves, which likely expose women and children to high levels of isocyanic acid.
A GeoSpace guest blog post on this study is available at: _URL_.
Explore further: Source of life running out: water scientists
More information: Isocyanic acid in a global chemistry transport model: Tropospheric distribution, budget, and identification of regions with potential health impacts, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, doi:10.1029/2011JD017393, 2012


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Ncurses is a programming library providing an, allowing the programmer to write text-based user interfaces, s, in a terminal-independent manner. It also optimizes screen changes, in order to reduce the experienced when using remote Unix shell.
Ncurses stands for "new curses", and is a replacement for the discontinued 4.http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/curses.classic
Ncurses is a part of theproject. It is one of the few GNU files not distributed under the GNU General Public License or GNU Lesser General Public License; it is distributed under a license like the X11 License, which is sometimes referred to as the MIT License.
See also:, with Ncurses installation and.


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April 18, 2012
WILLIAMSBURG, Va. - Spend a special evening at Historic Jamestowne and explore the story of Fort Pocahontas, one of five forts constructed on Jamestown Island during the Civil War. Join Jamestown Rediscovery senior archaeologist Dave Givens as he discusses the most recent excavations of a Confederate bomb shelter and other fascinating findings from Fort Pocahontas at 5 p.m. on Thursday, May 3.
At the beginning of the Civil War, Capt. William Allen owned and farmed Jamestown Island. In April 1861, Allen's slaves and troops raised at his own expense built much of the earthworks that became "Fort Pocahontas." The Confederate Army stationed more than 1,200 men there in the summer of 1861 in hopes of blocking Federal ships from moving up the James River toward Richmond, the capital and industrial center of the Confederacy.
Along with numerous Civil War artifacts, archaeologists have uncovered the remains of a Confederate bomb shelter and powder magazine that were part of the fort. Archaeologists first explored the fort and earthworks in 2004-05. Last summer, the archaeologists uncovered sand bag markings and wooden beams that supported the roof of the bomb shelter. The shelter was about 12 feet wide and at least 18 feet long.
The fort never came under attack, but soil markings and numerous nails pointing downward indicate the shelter collapsed at some point. The fort was abandoned without a fight on May 3, 1862, and the troops retreated to a position nearer Richmond after burning the powder magazines and gun carriages.
Tickets are $24.95. In addition to the tour, guests will enjoy a Carrot Tree picnic dinner by the James River at the Dale House Café. Space is limited and reservations are required. Please call 1-800-HISTORY to make reservations.
The Civil War evening program is presented jointly by Historic Jamestowne and The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
Historic Jamestowne is jointly administered by the National Park Service and The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (on behalf of Preservation Virginia) and preserves the original site of the first permanent English settlement in the New World.


text: Personal control is increasingly regarded as an important determinant of health and well-being. While some theorists such as White (1959) have suggested that there may be an intrinsic need to control the environment, others (Rodin, Rennert, & Solomon, 1980) have argued that the evidence suggests that the motivation for control stems from the belief that it ensures positive outcomes. In either case, there is rather compelling evidence that, in general, beliefs in personal control are associated with a myriad of positive health outcomes and lack of control with various forms of ill-health (Miller, 1979; Thompson, 1981). That control processes should also prove important in determining the stressfulness of occupational experiences, then, should not be surprising. This paper reports the development and psychometric assessment of a new self-report measure of employee control.


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Old Stone House
Architect: Resident Designer
Contractor: Monks and lay workers (with Prior Benedict Haindl, OSB, as superintendent)
The Stone House was the first permanent building erected on the present Saint John's campus. The structure (built 200 feet from the shores of Lake Sagatagan) faced east and was 46' x 50' (it stood directly south of the present south wing). Bishop Thomas L. Grace, of St. Paul, laid the cornerstone on July 19, 1866 and occupancy took place by the end of the year. It consisted of a basement, two floors and an attic. The basement contained the kitchen and dining rooms; the first floor was divided into study halls and classrooms; on the second floor the monks had their rooms and the attic was used as a dormitory for students. The Stone House was a frontier adaptation of the simple Colonial Dutch gable structures of Pennsylvania. It was built unadorned with stones and boulders gathered from the local area. This building gave an aura of stability and permanence to Saint John's. The roof was crowned with a turret in which a 150 pound bell was placed (a gift of Brother Benno Muckenthaler's family in Bavaria). The bell (pitched in "C") announced both the hours of monastic prayer and the school schedule. On the south exterior wall, Valentine Stimmler, OSB, painted a picturesque sundial with baroque corona in bright Bavarian colors.
The Stone House served as college and monastery until 1871. In 1868, the first two story brick addition of the south wing (now the Health Center) was attached to the Stone House to the north. On March 22, 1877, a fire broke out early in the morning which caused more panic than damage. With ample space provided by the new quadrangle and in view of its weakened walls, the Stone House was demolished in 1893. In 1948, its bell was given to St. John's foundation in Puerto Rico by Abbot Alcuin.
Barry, Colman, OSB, Worship and Work, 1956, p. 83.
Hoffmann, Alexius, OSB, History of St. John's Abbey, _PHONE_, Part I, p. 69-72.
"The Stone House," The Record, September, 1893, p. 186-187.
"The Old Stone House." Scriptorium, 1954, p.19.


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Sediment Cells - These are lengths of coastline where the movement of sediment is self contained (the same). If the movement is affected then the next sediment cell should not be affected.
Shoreline Management Plans are plans about how the coastline is managed in one sediment cell.
Why have Shoreline Management Plans?
They are here to:
- Coordinate activities between coastal authorities
- Adress the conflicts between coastal activites
- Make a sustainable defence strategy
- Make a defency strategy which is compatable with adjacent coastal areas
- Take into account natural coastal process and humans
- Encourage cooperation between coastal stakeholders
The four managment options
Do Nothing-This is where they put no defences in place apart from those for safety. They monitor the situation but allow nature to take its course
Hold the Line-This is where they do put defences, keeping them in the same place so that the land does not retreat any more
Advance the line-Here they move defences further into the sea but this is a very rare decision
Retreat the line/Managed Retreat-They move defences further into the land
Examples of Management Options
Do nothing-East Barton-Low value of land-Golf Course
Hold the Line-Central Barton-Property but no new developments allowed
Managed retreat-West Barton
-Abbots Hall Farm
Criteria for management plan
FeasibilityWill the plan be succesful and work? Are you able to follow that management plan there?
Cost effectiveness-Tested by cost benefit analysis
Appropiateness-Is it appropiate for it here? Decided from environmental impact and risk assesments.
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
This is where they take into account the sustainability of ecomoic and social activity and protecting the coastal environment.
It brings together all of the stakeholders involved and their interests and responsibilies.
It takes into account as the geographical context of a coast been
- River Catchments draining into coastal areas
They recognise the importance of sediment cells.


Remote Training Site Warner Springs, CA
Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape [SERE] training is conducted at the US Navy's Remote Training Site in Warner Springs, CA. West Coast Navy/Marine Corps personnel who risk capture during wartime (e.g. aviators) undergo SERE training at the Remote Naval Training Facility in Warner Springs, CA.
The students gain the knowledge and confidence necessary to survive in a hostile environment until rescued. SERE instructions covers dealing with fatigue, fear, hunger, thirst, temperature, pain and boredom. The students are divided into elements, and spend days practicing map reading, navigation, fire building, water procurement and shelter building.
The students learn about survival techniques in an outdoor, hands-on environment. They learned different water procurement and purification techniques, constructed solar stills, and setup transpiration bags for water collection. They identified and ate edible plants. They also learned how to trap small game and field dress a rabbit for cooking and eating. They construct shelters with parachute material and camp out overnight in them. Students learn how to start fires using a variety of fire starting tools and techniques, and practice ground to air signalling using ground panels and Navy smoke flares.
Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape Camp is located in a remote area near the community of Warner Springs in the northeastern San Diego County at an elevation of about 3200 feet. The Camp consist of a headquarters area with an administrative building, several staff barracks building, a wastewater treatment plant, and a training compound.
SERE Camp is a hundred percent dependent upon two wells for its water supply: Main Well (Well No. 1) and backup well (Well No. 2). The camp has no water supply connections with any other water systems. Storage at the camp is provided by the following three water storage tanks: 5,000 gallons raw water storage tank, 1,000 gallon hydro-pneumatic tank, and a 42,000 gallon bolted steel water storage tank.
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Jefferson Patterson may have been a "gentleman farmer," but he was also very concerned with the management of the abundant natural resources of Point Farm. It's a practice that didn't begin with him; the Native Americans who inhabited this property certainly had strong ties to the many ecosystems that supported their communities. It also didn't end with him. Today, JPPM strives to practice good stewardship and to educate others about how to do so as well.
JPPM has been, and continues to be, involved with several environmental research projects both on the landscape and in the surrounding waterways. Check out the links below to see some of the data that has been collected here throughout the years.
Encroachment of Sills onto State-Owned Bottom: Design Guidelines for Chesapeake Bay – Virginia Institute of Marine Science and College of William & Mary.
Tracking Restoration Efforts in Maryland's Tributaries – Maryland Department of Natural Resources.
Calvert County Groundwater-Level Monitoring Network – U.S. Geological Survey.
Maryland's Stormwater Management Program – Maryland Department of the Environment.
Saving Testudo: A Terrapin Conservation Project – University of Maryland.
Farm Pond Restoration – Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum
Best Farming Practices


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Practice using a Paper Cone
Teaching Session 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
The illustrations below show more sophisticated patterns made with
the contact method Beginners should first practice the falling
method before proceeding to more complicated designs. The contact
method is used when you want to vary the thickness of the lines.
Hold the cone as you would hold a pen, with the tip in contact with the surface and at an
angle of about 30 to 45 degrees. Draw lines as though you were drawing on paper with a
pen. Control the thickness of the line by adjusting the pressure of your thumb. Squeezing
harder makes a thicker line.
Introduction | I'm done, lets look at some cake motives
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As we know a many to many association are shown by two asterisks in both end of association. Now I have a association between two entities "Good" and "Invoice" so Good and Invoice have a many to many association but I want to show the "count of each good" in each invoice on class diagram.
How can I show it?
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You can use an association class as depicted e.g. here:
Using a new class and two associations inbetween like user1598390 described is valid as well. It depends how you would like to see the relationship between your entities. UML-wise association classes are probably more concise. Regarding the implementation in a programming language both solutions might even look the same (implemented with an additional link object as most programming languages don't support attributed links or pointers).
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Often times many to many associations indicate the need for a third entity.
You need InvoiceDetail entity.
Anyway "count of each good" should be a method in class Invoice.
public int getCountOfGood(Good good);
there can also be a method that returns a data structure with the count of each distinct Good in the Invoice
public Map getCountOfEachGood();
Good entity is oblivious of Invoice.
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BMW Group, Airbus and computing specialist Quantinuum have developed a hybrid quantum-classical workflow to speed up future research using quantum computers to simulate quantum systems, focusing on the chemical reactions of catalysts in fuel cells.
In a new technical paper, Applicability of Quantum Computing to Oxygen Reduction Reaction Simulations, the partners report accurately modeling the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the surface of a platinum-based catalyst. The ORR is the chemical reaction in the process that converts hydrogen and oxygen into water and electricity in a fuel cell and it limits the efficiency of the process. It is relatively slow and requires a large amount of platinum catalyst, so there is great interest and value in better understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in the reaction.
The group states that it has demonstrated the applicability of quantum computing in an industrial workflow, using Quantinuum's H-Series Quantum Computer, to enhance understanding of these critical chemical reactions. The companies plan further collaboration to explore the use of quantum computing to address relevant industrial challenges.
Dr Peter Lehnert, VP, research technologies at BMW Group, stated, "Circularity and sustainable mobility are putting us on a quest for new materials, to create more efficient products and shape the future premium user experience. Being able to simulate material properties to relevant chemical accuracy with the benefits from the accelerating quantum computing hardware is giving us just the right tools for more speed in innovation for this decisive domain."
The research team hopes that understanding the ORR reaction provides insights that help them identify alternative materials that may improve the performance and reduce the production costs of fuel cells. Modeling chemical reactions such as the ORR accurately is an intractable task for classical computers, due to the quantum properties of the chemical mechanisms involved, making such simulations a good candidate to benefit from a potential quantum advantage in the future.