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The inter-agency* Building Innovation Panel (BIP) assists firms in expediting evaluations and obtaining regulatory clearance to use innovative methods, processes, technologies and materials in their construction projects. Beyond raising productivity, these innovative solutions should improve Singapore's built environment to meet our Construction Industry Transformation Map objectives.
* Agencies include BCA, LTA, MOM, NEA, PUB, SCDF, and URA. In addition, non-regulatory agencies, HDB and JTC, are included to provide user perspective during evaluation.
The BIP aims to:
- Identify innovative technologies – This includes tracking new innovations, and conducting focus group discussions with the construction industry to identify trends and promote adoption of innovations.
- Support innovative technologies – Support will be rendered across the value chain, from upstream research to technology deployment. For example, BIP can help match inventors of promising new construction innovation with a progressive builder/developer, so that it can be implemented in an actual project and eventually, across the industry.
- Be a platform for multi-agency regulatory approval – Enables multiple agencies' evaluation and approval of innovative solutions to be expedited. These solutions should lead to at least 20% improvement in productivity/sustainability and/or demonstrate good potential to significantly improve the built environment.
Steering committee and work streams
The Steering Committee, comprising of representatives from the Trade Associations and Chambers (TACs), will give broad strategic directions for innovation in construction and align construction technology development to the objectives of the Construction Industry Transformation Map (ITM)
It will be supported by 3 work streams:
- Technology Assessment Committee – Focuses on innovations that are ready for implementation in projects and their regulatory approval. Assist firms in expediting multi-agency evaluation of innovative methods, sustainable materials and technologies.
- Research & Innovation Committee – Focuses on innovations requiring further research and development. Conducts proactive scanning and identification of construction innovations, oversees research of construction innovations, and develops new or enhanced regulatory codes to enable adoption of innovations.
- Inter-Agency Coordinating Committee – Helps to resolve any regulatory conflicts among government agencies that may arise from the use of innovative solutions in a project.
Submissions are evaluated based on:
- Level of innovation
- Impact on construction productivity of the materials, methods or processes
- Sustainable materials or technologies leading to environmentally friendly construction
Once the submission has been accepted, the BIP Secretariat will expedite resolution of outstanding issues between the applicant and respective authorities and agencies.
In Principle Acceptance (IPA) certificates
A certificate of In Principle Acceptances (IPA) will be granted to the innovative solutions (design, products, materials or processes) which have been accepted by the relevant authorities and agencies. The certificate also accords fast track status to subsequent regulatory submissions involving the use of the accepted innovative solutions.
List of innovative solutions have been granted In Principle Acceptance for use in Singapore projects:
- Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) System
- Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) / Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
- Prefabricated Bathroom Units (PBU)
How to apply
To request assistance, submit the following to BIP:
- A set of completed application form
- Documentary evidence of compliance with codes of practice (Singapore or overseas)
- Track record of overseas implementation
- Material or product specifications
- Quality certifications or test reports by accredited laboratories
- Calculation of natural aggregates savings (in tonnes) based on proposed % replacement (only applicable for sustainable construction materials)
- Any other relevant information.
Please refer to the checklist for the specific documentation required by individual government agencies for the above-mentioned item (b) to (f).


Central Asian Measures
In much of the Central Asia region, especially Turkestan and Uyguristan, a standard set of weights and measures is used that is not based either on the Roman SI units of pounds and feet, or on the Louisiannan metric system. The Central Asian measures are a standardised version of the traditional units of the region, and are detailed below.
Units of Length
Unit name Metric equivalent Imperial equivalent Central Asian equivalences
çaqırım (çq) 1067.155m 3501'-2" 1 çaqırım = 1528 arçın = 636⅔ qulaş
qulaş (q) 1.67616m 5'-6" 1 qulaş = 12 süyüm
arçın (ar) 69.84cm 2'-3½" 1 arçın = 5 süyüm
süyüm (sü) 13.968cm 5½" 1 süyüm = 8 iliş
iliş (i) 17.46mm 11/16" subdivided into fractions
1 çaqırım is equal to 7,640 süyüm or 61,120 iliş
The qulaş is a slightly odd measure, in that it doesn't divide cleanly into a çaqırım, having instead 636 qulaş and 8 süyüm. It is based on the traditional way of measuring from fingertip to fingertip with arms extended horizontally at one's sides.
Units of Weight
Unit nameMetric equivalentImperial equivalentCentral Asian equivalences
batpan (b)589.68kg1300.02lb1 batpan = 36 put
put (p)16.38kg36lb 1.787oz1 put = 40 qadaq
qadaq (qd)409.5g14.44oz1 qadaq = 100 mişqal
mişqal (mş)4.095g0.144ozsubdivided into fractions
Thus 1 batpan is equal to 1440 qadaq or 144,000 mişqal, and 1 put is equal to 4,000 mişqal.
Liquid Measure
Unit name Metric equivalent Imperial equivalent Central Asian equivalences
toyğazan 125.528 litres 27.625 Imperial gallons 1 toyğazan = 25 çolaq
çolaq 5.02112 litres 1.105 Imperial gallons (8.84 Imperial pints) 1 çolaq = 40 keç
keç 125.528 millilitres 4.42 fluid ounces (0.221 Imperial pints) 1 keç = 8 pişim
pişim 15.691 millilitres 0.5525 fluid ounces subdivided into fractions
1 toyğazan = 1,000 keç, or 8,000 pişim. 1 çolaq = 320 pişim.
Most dry goods are measured by weight, however, spices are measured by volume with a "long pişim" which is one seventh of a keç, instead of the usual pişim which is one eighth.


text: Guban, coastal plain, northwestern Somalia, running parallel to the Gulf of Aden for about 150 miles (240 km) between Seylac (Zeila) in the west and Berbera in the east. The Guban ("burned") plain narrows gradually from 35 miles (56 km) in the west to about 4 miles (6 km) in the east. Sandy and low-lying (less than 330 feet [100 m] above sea level), it is characterized by high temperatures and humidity, little rainfall (about 2 inches [50 mm] annually), and sparse steppe vegetation. The plain is traversed by broad and shallow seasonal streams and gives way to the Galgodon Highlands (rising to about 6,500 feet [1,980 m]) on the south. The population is mostly of the Dir and Isaaq clans, who generally raise their camels and goats outside of the Guban near permanent wells in the Galgodon Highlands. Seylac and Barbera are the chief towns. A broad definition of the Guban includes the narrow coastal "burnt land" extending eastward to the easternmost tip of the northern Somalia coast.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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This muscle sensor from Advancer Technologies measures a muscle's activity by monitoring the electric potential generated by muscle cells. This is referred to as electromyography (EMG). The sensor amplifies and processes the complex electrical activity of a muscle and converts it into a simple analog signal that can easily be read by any microcontroller with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), such as an A-Star or Arduino – or even a Maestro servo controllerlike Pololu show in this blog post. As the target muscle group flexes, the sensor's output voltage increases. The exact relationship between the output voltage and the muscle activity can be fine-tuned using an on-board gain potentiometer.
The MyoWare Muscle Sensor is an updated version of Advancer Technologies' older Muscle Sensor v3 with a number of improvements, notably single-supply operation (no need for a negative voltage supply) and built-in snap connectors for electrodes. Other new features include a raw EMG output, reverse power protection, a power switch, and LED indicators.
In order to attach to skin, the sensor requires three electrodes (not included) that snap into the sensor's snap-style connectors, which make it easy to attach and detach electrodes. Two connectors are located directly on the PCB, and the third is located at the end of the attached reference electrode cable. The board's pins have a 0.1″ pitch and work with 0.1″ male headers and 0.1″ female headers.
For more detailed information about the muscle sensor, including instructions on how to use it, see the Advancer Technologies MyoWare Muscle Sensor datasheet (1MB pdf). Example Arduino programs can be found on the MyoWare GitHub page.
- Dimensions: 2.1″ × 0.8″ (excluding reference electrode cable, which is about 3″ long)
- Operating voltage: 2.9 V to 5.7 V (unlike previous sensor versions, no negative supply is required)
- Analog voltage output from 0 V to +Vs (supply voltage)
- Adjustable gain
- Both EMG envelope and raw EMG outputs available
- Embedded electrode connectors – electrodes snap directly into MyoWare (alternatively, external electrode cables can be connected)
- LED Indicators – one power LED, and one LED that brightens when the muscle is flexed
- Power switch
- Reverse voltage protection
- Two mounting holes (suitable for M3 or #4 screws)
- Informative user's guide (1MB pdf)
This product is listed in:
Documentation and Resources:
- The Maker Revolution
The Maker Revolution celebrates the creation of new devices and the modification of existing ones - the transition from a consumer buying goods to eventually having a major part in their creation. The Maker Revolution places strong emphasis on free (...
- Getting Hands-on with Sensors
What good is a robot if it can't interact with the environment around it? Sensors are the backbone of almost every electronics project as they allow your program to make decisions based on external stimuli. We've got sensors for all kinds...
- IoT Plant Monitor
So, my wife wanted to have some small plants in the house. I didn't, so we compromised, and got some plants. The only thing is that neither of us remembers to water them, so I wanted to build a sensor array to monitor the moisture content of the soil, and notify us when they needed watering. We've got 3 plants, all fairly close to each other, and I wanted to create an IoT project so that it could send an email notifi...
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- Pickup - Free! Only available to customers who live in the Newcastle region
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Our physical address:
Unit 18, 132 Garden Grove Parade
Please checkout our customer service page if you have other frequently asked questions such as "do we do purchase orders" (yes!) or "are prices GST inclusive" (yes they are!). We're here to help - get in touch with us to talk shop.


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A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America
Piecing Together a Plan of Ancient Rome
For the past several hundred years, historians and archaeologists have been doggedly working to solve one of the world's largest jigsaw puzzles: the Forma Urbis Romae. Sometimes known as the Severan Marble Plan, the Forma was an enormous marble map of ancient Rome created between the years A.D. 203 and 211. Beginning in the fifth century, as the map fell into disuse, it was broken up into thousands of pieces, which were subsequently scattered throughout the city. Scholars have been retrieving the map's fragments from locations around Rome and attempting to determine their original positions for the past 500 years. Reassembling the map is slow, painstaking work, further complicated by the fact that thousands of fragments are still missing. However, authorities from the Capitoline and Vatican museums in Rome recently announced the discovery and identification of an important new section of the map, perhaps offering new insights into the topography of the ancient city.
The Forma Urbis Romae was created under the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus (r. A.D. 193-211). Measuring 60 feet by 43 feet, the map was incised onto 150 marble blocks arranged in 11 rows, and represented an area of over five square miles at a scale of 1:240. An incredibly detailed plan of Rome, it reproduced every building, house, shop, and monument in the smallest detail, even including staircases. The Marble Plan was originally on display in a room in the Temple of Peace in the Imperial Fora. The wall where the map was hung survives today as part of a complex of buildings belonging to the Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian. A series of holes in the wall reveals where the individual marble slabs were attached with metal clamps. The Marble Plan was dismantled throughout the Middle Ages, and large chunks of it were reused in building projects throughout the city. Although around 1,200 fragments have been salvaged to date, experts estimate that only 10 to 15 percent of the original work survives. According to Stanford University professor Jennifer Trimble, even though the Marble Plan is only partially reconstructed, it provides scholars with new and unique information concerning the layout and organization of ancient Rome. "The Plan itself is vitally important because it is our only source for the urban fabric of Rome," she says. "Standing ruins of major monuments and keyhole excavations throughout the city have given us individual details, but the modern city overlies the ancient remains and makes it impossible to see how different kinds of spaces and buildings worked together, or what particular streets and neighborhoods were like."
The newest fragment of the Forma Urbis Romae was discovered during construction work on the Palazzo Maffei Marescotti, which is owned by the Vatican. The piece corresponds to an area west of the Roman Forum known in modern times as the Ghetto. Researchers were able to pinpoint where it belongs on the overall plan because the new marble pieces contain parts of the Theater of Marcellus and the Circus Flaminius, monuments known to have been located in that neighborhood. Not much archaeological evidence of the Circus Flaminius survives, so the fragment will help experts better understand its layout and function. Because of the Forma Urbis Romae's resemblance to Roman cadastral plans, which are property surveys, some scholars believe that it may have been used for administrative purposes by the urban prefects. However, others suggest that it may have simply been an elaborate decorative showpiece. "The best explanation," says Trimble, "is that it was created as a spectacular monument that showcased the imperial city and detailed cartographic knowledge about it."
Kennewick Man's roots, rise of the Wari Empire, turtle soup, hyenas vs. humans, and an ancient Chinese beer recipe


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Q.19:- A hoop of radius 2 m weighs 100 kg. It rolls along a horizontal floor so that its centre of mass has a speed of 20 cm/s. How much work has to be done to stop it?
Radius of the hoop, r = 2 m
Mass of the hoop, m = 100 kg
Velocity of the hoop, v = 20 cm/s = 0.2 m/s
Total energy of the hoop = Translational K.E. + Rotational K.E.
ET = (1/2)mv2 + (1/2) I ω2
Moment of inertia of the hoop about its centre, I = mr2
ET = (1/2)mv2 + (1/2) (mr2)ω2
But we have the relation, v = rω
∴ ET = (1/2)mv2 + (1/2)mr2ω2
= (1/2)mv2 + (1/2)mv2 = mv2
The work required to be done for stopping the hoop is equal to the total energy of the hoop.
∴ Required work to be done, W = mv2 = 100 × (0.2)2 = 4 J.


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DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency
Description of the NWF Measure
The DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) measure is a standardized, individually administered test of the alphabetic principle including letter-sound correspondence in which letters represent their most common sounds and of the ability to blend letters into words in which letters represent their most common sounds (Kaminski & Good, 1996). The student is presented an 8.5" x 11" sheet of paper with randomly ordered VC and CVC nonsense words (e.g., sig, rav, ov) and asked to verbally produce the individual letter sounds in each word, or read the whole word. For example, if the stimulus word is "pov" the student could say /p/ /o/ /v/ or say the word /pov/ to obtain a total of three letter-sounds correct. The student is allowed 1 minute to produce as many letter-sounds as he/she can, and the final score is the number of letter-sounds produced correctly in one minute. Because the measure is fluency based, students should receive a higher score if they are phonologically recoding the word, as they will be more efficiently producing the letter sounds, and receive a lower score if they are providing letter sounds in isolation. The intent of this measure is that students are able to read unfamiliar words as whole words, not just name letter sounds as fast as they can.
The NWF measure takes about 2 minutes to administer and has over 20 alternate forms for monitoring progress.
DIBELS 6th Edition Technical Adequacy of the NWF Measure
The one-month, alternate-form reliability for NWF in January of first grade is.83 (Good, Kaminski, Shinn, Bratten, Shinn, Laimon, Smith, & Flindt, 2004). The concurrent criterion-validity of DIBELS NWF with the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised Readiness Cluster score is.36 in January and.59 in February of first grade (Good et al., 2004). The predictive validity of DIBELS NWF in January of first grade with (a) CBM ORF in May of first grade is.82, (b) CBM ORF in May of second grade is.60, (c) Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery Total Reading Cluster score is.66 (Good et al., 2004).
How does NWF link to the Big Ideas in Beginning Reading?
NWF is a measure that assesses alphabetic principle skills. Alphabetic Principle (AP) is:
- the ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to form words. It is composed of two parts:
- Alphabetic Understanding: Letters represent sounds in words.
- Phonological Recoding (blending): Letter sounds can be blended together and knowledge of the systematic relationships between letters and phonemes (letter-sound correspondence) can be used to read/decode words.
- a prerequisite to word identification.
To learn more about the Alphabetic Principle, visit the Big Ideas in Beginning Reading website.


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Patent application title: Folding Boom
Franz Ehrenleitner (Altensteig-Walddorf, DE)
IPC8 Class: AB66C2334FI
Class name: Traversing hoists having means facilitating assembly or disassembly of sectional vertical support from boom
Publication date: 2009-04-30
Patent application number: 20090107945
The invention concerns a collapsible boom, such as a crane jib, concrete
pump, camera support, searchlight mast and similar narrow far-projecting
structures with several elements (10, 20, 30... ), tiltable around
parallel axes, which can be tilted around the axis by actuators (15, 13,
25, 23,... ) and fixed in at least one position.
The invention is characterized by the fact that the individual elements
(10, 20, 30... ) of the boom are hinged to each other via intermediate
pieces (50, 60, 70) and the actuators (15, 13, 25, 23,... ) engage on
one end on an intermediate piece and on the other end on its adjacent
1. Collapsible boom, such as a crane jib, concrete pump, camera support,
searchlight mast and similar narrow far-projecting structures with
several elements, tiltable around parallel axes, which are tilted by
actuators around the axes and can be fixed in at least one position,
wherein the individual elements of the boom are hinged to each other via
intermediate pieces, and that the actuators engage on one end on an
intermediate piece and on the other end engage on an element adjacent to
2. Boom according to claim 1, wherein the elements have essentially the same length.
3. Boom according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate pieces are designed essentially shorter in the direction of the boom axis than the elements of the boom.
4. Boom according to claim 1, wherein the actuators essentially engage in the center of the elements.
5. Boom according to claim 1, wherein the actuators of one element engage on a common engagement site on the element.
6. Boom according to claim 1, wherein at least two adjacent elements consist of a longitudinal rod (16), a shear rod (17) hinged on its end point (11) and a secondary rod (18) hinged on the other end of the shear rod, the comb point (12), and extending in the vicinity of the foot point (69) of the longitudinal rod (16), with the actuators (13, 15) being hinged at the comb point (12).
7. Boom according to claim 1, wherein at least two adjacent elements each consist of a longitudinal rod (16), a shear rod (17) engaging on its end point (11) and a secondary rod (18) linked on the other end of the shear rod, the comb point (12), discharging at the foot point (69) of longitudinal rod (16), with the actuators (13, 15) being hinged at the comb point (12).
8. Boom according to claim 1, wherein at least one intermediate piece (50, 70) has connection points (53) on each of its sides that are assigned to an adjacent element (10, 20), the foot point of an intermediate actuator (13) and an actuator (25); and connection points (56) for the head points and foot points (11, 69) of the longitudinal rods (16, 26) and the connection points (58) for the foot points (89) of the secondary rods (18) of the adjacent elements, in which the distances between the connection points (53) for actuators (13, 25) are at least twice as large, preferably three times as large, as the spacings between the connection points (56) for the longitudinal rods (16, 26).
9. Boom according to claim 1, wherein it has at least one intermediate piece (60) that has an essentially pyramid shape, and that its connection points for actuators (23, 33) of adjacent elements (20, 30) have a spacing that is smaller than half, preferably smaller than one-third, of the spacing associated with the connection points for the end points (21, 31) of longitudinal rods of the adjacent elements.
The invention concerns hinged crane jibs, concrete pumps, camera
supports, light masts and similar narrow, but far-projecting structures
that are generally mounted on trucks, their trailers or railway cars.
Such structures, referred to subsequently merely as "booms", are supposed to have high range, on the one hand, high support capability in most cases (crane jibs), but, on the other hand, are supposed to be light, so that the supporting vehicles can also be used at construction sites and on ground with limited loadability, and they must be able to collapse small enough, so that they can be moved in ordinary traffic without special transport.
Known devices of this type have collapsible sections running zig-zag around parallel axes, in which hydraulic cylinder-piston units are arranged essentially parallel to the individual components in the extended state, which keep the individual elements, which are always subject to bending stress, in the desired position relative to each other.
These devices have certain shortcomings that are quite obviously inherent to the employed serial kinematics: in order to be collapsed, the individual components must be designed offset, which means that even in the extended state, a kinked arrangement is present, which also results in a kinked force trend, so that the individual elements, depending on the corresponding load lever, are stressed much more strongly than would be the case in an extended arrangement.
To this it must be added that for the contemplated use, a profile with the largest possible cross-section is sought, which can transfer larger torques through the higher geometrical moment of inertia, but in the collapsed state, the smallest possible cross-sections are required, in order to be able to maintain the mentioned geometric limits.
The invention seeks to devise a boom, which does not have the mentioned drawbacks and has high rigidity, especially at low weight, and can be collapsed into the narrowest space.
These objectives are achieved according to the invention in that the individual elements of the boom are articulated to each other via intermediate pieces, and that actuators are provided, which engage on one end on the intermediate pieces and on the other end on the components.
Actuators in this description and the claims are understood to mean devices, such as hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder-piston units, and electrical adjustment drives, such as spindle-nut drives or, if pure tensile forces are to be transferred, also tension elements, such as cables, belts or chains can also be present.
Through the expedient according to the invention, the individual components are only connected to pivot via the intermediate pieces, but the actuators do not engage between the components, but between the intermediate pieces, on one end, and the components, on the other end. Through this apparently simple expedient, an entire series of unexpected advantages is gained:
A first major advantage is that this arrangement makes it possible to break down the entire boom element for element and intermediate piece for intermediate piece into frameworks, viewing the entirety as a uniform framework, in which some of the rods, namely the actuators, are designed variable in length.
A second major advantage is that through the expedient according to the invention, each individual element, and therefore also the boom in its entirety, can be made linear without offset, since the intermediate pieces, during collapse, ensure that the individual adjacent elements have the spacing from each other necessary for collapse, while these intermediate pieces in the extended state of the boom again ensure that it is formed fully extended.
The invention is further explained below with reference to drawings.
FIG. 1 to 6 show a boom according to the invention in different stages of collapse partially in a side view and partially in a perspective view,
FIG. 7 and 8 show the basic structure of one element, and
FIG. 9 to 12 show a variant.
Since the invention concerns devices that include numerous identical or at least almost identical elements arranged in series, these elements were designated 10, 20, etc. and their components, assigned by using the matching number in the tens place of the individual elements. When such components are described, in general, the general index "i" is used, instead of arduous numbering.
FIG. 1 to 6 show a boom according to the invention, which consists of four identical elements 10, 20, 30 and 40 (subsequently i0) and three intermediate pieces 50, 60 and 70, two different types of intermediate pieces being provided, namely two outer intermediate pieces 50, 70 and an inner intermediate piece 60, which lies between the outer intermediate pieces.
An actuator 13, 25, 23, 33, 35, 45, which in the depicted practical example, is a hydraulic cylinder-piston device, goes from each of the intermediate pieces to each of the adjacent elements and, in most applications, such devices are designed double-acting. In applications, in which it is reliably established that the actuators are only subject to tension, it is possible to design them as tension devices, such as cables, belts, chains or the like.
FIG. 1 shows the working position of a concrete pump or crane, in which the actual working device and its supply lines are not shown, for reasons of simplicity. In the practical examples according to FIG. 1 to


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Journal of the Anatomical Society of India
Body Donation and Its Relevance in Anatomy Learning – A Review
Author(s): Rajkumari Ajita, Y. Ibochouba Singh
Vol. 56, No. 1 (2007-01 - 2007-06)
Rajkumari Ajita, Y. Ibochouba Singh
RIMS, Imphal, Manipur
Body donation is defined as the act of giving ones body after death for medical research and education. Cadavers and donated bodies remain a principal teaching tool for anatomists and medical educators teaching gross anatomy. Anatomy learning without hands on training of dissection on human bodies is never considered perfect. The Anatomy Act provides for the supply of unclaimed bodies to hospitals and teaching institutions for the purpose of anatomical examination and dissection and other similar purposes. In this article, the suitability of body donation, importance of body donation and various factors such as age, religion, culture, personality characteristics, donor's attitudes etc are discussed.
Keywords: Body donation, Anatomy Act, Anatomy learning, unclaimed body.
Anatomy, the study of the structure of the human body is one of the first, most basic and yet one of the most important subjects studied by medical students when they begin their medical career. Teaching and research in anatomy is mainly based on cadaver dissection. A sound knowledge of anatomy is essential from the beginning of a medical education and knowledge obtained through dissection of human body is an indispensable part of the education of health care professionals. With the mushrooming of Medical Institutions in the country, there is ever increasing demand of cadavers for anatomy dissection. Unclaimed bodies are no more the origin of cadavers, but the bodies are coming from body donation programs. The terms Anatomical Donation, Body Donation or Body Bequest are commonly used and synonymous. Body donation is defined as the act of giving ones body after death for medical research and education. Thus a person can give back to society and give a student a chance to learn something that can influence generations to come. According to Delmas (2001), donation is a clear will made by people free and informed. Donation is most often by altruism, conferring life on another. Body donation is regulated by various acts according to each country and is considered one of the modern expressions of solidarity. Relevance of body dissection through the proper use of cadavers is of prime importance before learning living anatomy.
Body donation and Anatomy Act:
The Anatomy Act, enacted by various states in India provides for the supply of unclaimed bodies to medical and teaching institutions for the purpose of anatomical examination and dissection and other similar purposes. Cadavers used by these institutions are usually unclaimed bodies obtained by the police. Occasionally they are donated by relatives of the deceased to teaching institutions according to the dead person's wishes. An unclaimed cadaver can be obtained legally for purpose of dissection. Patnaik (2002) observed that Anatomy Act is a State Act promulgated by the legislature and published in the State Government Gazette. The Act regulates the use of dead bodies for medical purposes. Almost anyone can donate for medical research and education. Age, disease, or state of health does not necessarily eliminate an individual from being a donor, but may affect which organs or tissues are actually used. All donors are screened for infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B & C, active tuberculosis, syphilis, spore bearing organisms like C. Tetani etc. Donors who are known infected with any of these diseases are declined for donation due to the risk to medical investigators and procurement personnel.
As a result of these basic and expanding needs in medical education and research, the need for body donation remains critical. Fortunately, many individuals have recognized and understood these needs and have bequeathed their bodies. In response to public interest in making these contributions to medical science, state legislatures have enacted laws to support such generosity. In order to remove the discrepancies existing betwixt any two or more such acts, Patnaik (2002) suggested that a draft act should be made for all the states to use as model of guiding principles for amendment of Anatomy Acts. It is emphasized that the social aspect need to be molded to suit our requirements. What is lacking is the effective implementation of the provisions of the Act in letter and spirit by all concerned.
Anatomy Act in Indian context:
In India, the Anatomy Act was enacted in 1949, which has been uniformly adopted in all states of the republic of India. It provides for the collection of a dead body for teaching purpose, only if death occurs in a state hospital or in a public place within the prescribed zone of medical institution, provided the police have declared a lapse of 48 hours that there are no claimants for the body and it could be used for medical purpose (Subramanium, 1999). The Delhi Anatomy Act provides for supply of unclaimed bodies of deceased persons to teaching medical institutions for anatomical examination and dissection. It also provides for procedure for the disposal of unclaimed bodies in hospitals, prisons and public places. Whereas, the Punjab Anatomy Act of 1963 makes a provision for the supply of bodies of deceased persons to hospitals, medical teaching institutions for therapeutic purposes or of anatomical examination, dissection, surgical operation and research work. The Punjab Act provides to take possession of the unclaimed dead bodies in hospitals, prisons, public places for the purpose aforesaid. The Act clearly provides that where a person having no permanent place of residence in the areas where his death has taken place, dies in any public place in such area and his body is unclaimed, the authorised officer of that area shall take possession and should hand over to the authorities in charge of an approved institution for the purpose specified above.
The Mysore Anatomy Act, 1957, later amended as the Karnataka Anatomy (Amendment) Act, 1998 and enacted by Karnataka State defines 'unclaimed body' as "the body of a person who dies in a hospital, prison or public place or a place to which members of the public have access, and which has not been claimed by any person interested within such time as may be prescribed."
Suitability of Donation:
There are various factors that may render the body unacceptable for an anatomical donation and some of these may not be obvious until the time of death. Since donated bodies are used to study the normal structure of the whole human body, normally all donated bodies are not accepted. Some of the reasons for rejection are: (1) autopsied body, (2) decomposition, (3) obesity, (4) extreme emaciation, (5) death from a contagious or communicable disease, (6) suicide or homicide, (7) removal of organs and tissues (except for eyes). Acceptance or rejection of a donated body is a decision, the medical school makes at the time of donation. Under the law, the institution has the right to reject a body donation for any reason.
Importance of Body Donation:
Body donation provides students and researchers with unparalleled opportunities to study the human body. Books and computer programs can't replicate the hands-on method of teaching human anatomy. There is no substitute for the human body in the teaching of human anatomy. The experience and education gained through the use of human cadaver through dissection is far superior and very different than the learning provided by artificial substitutes and textbooks. When someone donates their body after death, they help train the next generation of doctors. The use of human bodies in medical education and research is a centuries old tradition and represents one of the foundations of Western Medicine.
Factors responsible:
Various factors are believed to have attributed towards body donation. In one study, Fennell and Jones (1992) reported that the most common reasons for making a body bequest were to aid medical science, and gratitude to the medical profession. Boulware et al (2004) concluded that demographic and attitudinal factors were found to be strongly related to willingness to consider whole body donation. In another study, Chung and Lehmann (2002) concluded that the existing consent procedures for cadaver donations at United States medical schools did not provide sufficient information to potential donors to constitute a fully informed consent. It was concluded in yet another study by Boulware et al (2002) that various factors such as demographic, cultural, attitudinal, and clinical associated with willingness to donate cadaveric and living related organs affect the general public's willingness to donate organs, but their relative contribution is different for living related versus cadaveric donation. It is also not known which factors might be most responsible for low rates of cadaveric and living related donation among the general public.In a study, Golchet et al (2000) reported that many factors such as age, religion, culture, personality characteristics, views on death and mortality, body image and humanitarian concerns influence people's opinion towards body donation.
Religious and cultural attitudes about donation:
All major religions approve of body and organ donation as a charitable act of giving and for medical and dental teaching, research, and transplants. Most express that it is an individual decision. Most major religions support donation as an act of human kindness in keeping with religious teachings. People are often unaware of the attitudes of their faith toward donation; they may be misled by old superstitions or misreading of religious texts. Some people believe that donation conflicts with their faith. They hesitate to give consent for donation. Although specific teachings and requirements related to donation vary, there is general agreement that donating organs or tissues to benefit others demonstrates love for other people. For example, Buddhists believe organ


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How children are manipulated and how they participate: Preschool teachers' and preschool teacher assistants' perspectives Sonja Rutar and Tina Štemberger
Summary: Study of the frequency and forms of participatory and non-participatory practice (manipulation) in preschools is key to learning about and becoming aware of the existing educational process. Lack of awareness of manipulation of children prevents their emancipation in the process of education. This paper addresses the occurrence of different degrees and forms of participation and non-participation in children's education. The research study included preschool teachers and preschool teacher assistants from Slovenian public preschools. The findings suggest that neither extreme non-participatory practice nor extreme participatory practice occurs frequently. Future research should focus more on participation by proxy, an intermediary stage between non-participatory practice and children's participation that is difficult to identify in practice.


How to Deal with an Employee who is Always Late for Work
How to Deal with Someone who is Chronically Late,Excuses for Being Late to Work
You might be asking why my employee is always late? Well, it is because the consequences are not significant enough for the employee to stop the habit. If your employee not once or twice, but is frequently late for work, that is a problem you cannot ignore. As a boss, it falls to you first and foremost to deal with an employee who is always late for work before it becomes a big issue.
Be aware that most employees who are habitually late for work know that what they are doing is wrong. They also understand that eventually the boss is going to have a word with them but they simply don't care.
People who are chronically late don't have basic respect for their colleagues. Not only that, but it also frustrates other employees who already at work, particularly when parts of their job depend on the person who comes in late.
They might have to change their workflow and multitask or take on extra work while they wait for their colleague to arrive. If perpetual late employees really care about the job, they should adhere to its normal working hours.
How to Deal with an Employee Who is Always Late for Work?
Set Clear Expectations
You are the boss, so it falls to you first and foremost to set expectations and ensure that they are clearly communicated across all employees. Every person should understand what the consequences will be if they don't meet your expectations.
If there is an issue that prevents an employee to turn up for work on time, evaluate it, and make a fair decision. Your company should have an enforceable employee conduct policy that deals with issues such as lateness.
Evaluate each issue even when an employee gives what seems like a good excuse for being late for work.
Stop Putting Faith in a Chronically Late Employee
Don't keep giving an employee who is chronically late the benefit of the doubt. No matter how you regard someone and how long the person has been with the company, you still have to deal with them when they start coming in late every day for work.
You can have faith in someone without allowing the person to overstep the boundaries. The benefit of the doubt you keep affording an employee who is habitually late is undeserved.
So, start telling your employees what must happen, what is expected, what the consequences will be when they fail and enforce them going forward.
Have a Tough Conversation with the Employee
Sit the employee down and say you continue coming to work late and failing to live up to expectations, so you are documenting the issues.
Sometimes that will fix the issue, but with the documentation, you now are building a case for disciplining the person or even getting rid of them.
When you start having formal conversations with the employee and document all issues about their lateness, they will take you seriously.
Don't Allow Exceptions
Don't take a middle line by allowing exceptions for some employees and then dealing with others when they arrive late. Yes, some jobs don't have flexibility, therefore the time an employee turns up matters for valid work-related reasons.
Related: How to Deal with Employees Who Don't Follow Instructions
However, when an employee accepts a position, they are committing themselves to the job requirements — including the normal working hours a manager and the employee agreed upon. If the person cannot meet the obligation, they should not take the job.
So, it doesn't matter whether the job has flexibility, the employee still turns up when they feel like rather than when co-workers expect them. It can be equally annoying and demotivating for employees who always turn up for work on time.
Break the Pattern
Treating everyone as equal at work is not always fair, because some people do different things or contribute more than the others.
Someone who completes assignments and meets deadlines when they are at work is not always a burden to the team when they occasionally come in a few minutes late.
But once you see a pattern and don't respond to it, the employee will feel they have the upper hand to come in anytime. If you don't disrupt the pattern, other employees will also start arriving late.
Don't Be Diplomatic
It is important that you approach the issue of perpetual lateness from a place of concern for a better outcome. There is no point in trying to be diplomatic because you don't want to upset your employee.
Upsetting a member of your staff is nothing compared to the ill-feeling their bad behaviors can cause within the team.
While there is nothing wrong with being nice to your employees, it can sometimes stop you from solving issues that affect the team. You don't have to cajole them when they are wrong — even when it means annoying one of your best employees, but keeps the rest of your team happy.
In other words, you should not waste be worrying about what the person will think because the team is more important than the feelings of one employee.
In conclusion, dealing with an employee who is always late for work can be frustrating for most managers. The situation may be further complicated if the person is a higher performer who consistently meets all the demands of their job.
However, it is an issue that must be sorted out quickly, particularly if it is causing morale issues or challenges with the overall workflow.
Failing to deal with the situation, you will be sending the rest of your employees the message that anyone can arrive late to work. Even worse, you could be accused of favoritism or preferential treatment.
How do you deal with someone who is chronically late? Please leave your thoughts in the comment box below
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text: The Welsh SpeechDat(II) FDB-2000 database contains the recordings of 2,000 Welsh speakers (918 male speakers et 1,082 speakers) recorded over the British fixed telephone network. The FDB-2000 database is partitioned into 10 CDs, which comprise 200 speakers sessions each. Speech samples are stored as sequences of 8-bit 8 kHz A-law. Each prompted utterance is stored in a separate file. Each signal file is accompanied by an ASCII SAM label file which contains the relevant descriptive information. This database was validated by SPEX (the Netherlands) to assess its compliance with the SpeechDat format and content specifications. Each speaker uttered the following items: * 6 application words * 1 sequence of 10 isolated digits * 4 connected digits (1 sheet number –5 digits, 1 telephone number –9/11 digits, 1 credit card number –14/16 digits, 1 PIN code -6 digits) * 3 dates (1 spontaneous e.g. birthday, 1 word style prompted date, 1 relative and general date expression) * 1 word spotting phrase using an embedded application word * 1 isolated digit * 3 spelled word (1 spontaneous e.g. own forename, 1 city name, 1 real/artificial for coverage) * 1 currency money amount * 1 natural number * 5 directory assistance names (1 spontaneous e.g. own forename, 1 city of birth/growing up, 1 most frequent city name out of a set of 500, 1 common forename and surname) * 2 yes/no questions (1 predominantly "yes" question, 1 predominantly "no" question) * 9 phonetically rich sentences * 2 time phrases (1 spontaneous time of day, 1 word style time phrase) * 4 phonetically rich words The following age distribution has been obtained: 509 speakers are between 16 and 30, 645 speakers are between 31 and 45, 565 speakers are between 46 and 60 and 281 speakers are over 60. A pronunciation lexicon with a phonemic transcription in SAMPA is also included.


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This small pointed hand-axe comes from the Leyton area. It is over 300,000 years old.
One axe of many
Thousands of these ancient tools have been found across London. Many lay in the riverbeds of the ancient Thames and its tributaries. This particular hand-axe is made of a distinctive banded flint, which may have had special value or significance to its maker or owner.
See the axe
The hand-axe is currently on display in the Museum of London's London before London gallery. The gallery describes what London was like for thousands of years before the Romans arrived.
Museum number 49.107/308

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Hi peoples, this attachment is about Wall Corner Pie Cut Kitchen Cabinet (delightful Corner Wall Cabinet #6). This attachment is a image/jpeg and the resolution of this image is 1112 x 814. It's file size is only 78 KB. Wether You ought to save It to Your laptop, you may Click here. You might also see more attachments by clicking the following picture or read more at here: Corner Wall Cabinet.
Explanation of Wall Corner Pie Cut Kitchen Cabinet
Wallwall (wôl),USA pronunciation n.
- any of various permanent upright constructions having a length much greater than the thickness and presenting a continuous surface except where pierced by doors, windows, etc.: used for shelter, protection, or privacy, or to subdivide interior space, to support floors, roofs, or the like, to retain earth, to fence in an area, etc.
- Usually, walls. a rampart raised for defensive purposes.
- an immaterial or intangible barrier, obstruction, etc., suggesting a wall: a wall of prejudice.
- a wall-like, enclosing part, thing, mass, etc.: a wall of fire; a wall of troops.
- an embankment to prevent flooding, as a levee or sea wall.
- the Wall. See Berlin Wall.
- the outermost film or layer of structural material protecting, surrounding, and defining the physical limits of an object: the wall of a blood cell.
- the side of a level or drift.
- the overhanging or underlying side of a vein;
a hanging wall or footwall.
- climb the walls or climb walls, to become tense or frantic: climbing the walls with boredom.
- drive or push to the wall, to force into a desperate situation;
humiliate or ruin completely: Not content with merely winning the match, they used every opportunity to push the inferior team to the wall.
- go over the wall, to break out of prison: Roadblocks have been set up in an effort to capture several convicts who went over the wall.
- go to the wall:
- to be defeated in a conflict or competition;
- to fail in business, esp. to become bankrupt.
- to be put aside or forgotten.
- to take an extreme and determined position or measure: I'd go to the wall to stop him from resigning.
- hit the wall, (of long-distance runners) to reach a point in a race, usually after 20 miles, when the body's fuels are virtually depleted and willpower becomes crucial to be able to finish.
- off the wall:
- beyond the realm of acceptability or reasonableness: The figure you quoted for doing the work is off the wall.
- markedly out of the ordinary;
bizarre: Some of the clothes in the fashion show were too off the wall for the average customer.
- up against the wall:
- placed against a wall to be executed by a firing squad.
- in a crucial or critical position, esp. one in which defeat or failure seems imminent: Unless sales improve next month, the company will be up against the wall.
- up the wall, into an acutely frantic, frustrated, or irritated state: The constant tension in the office is driving everyone up the wall.
- of or pertaining to a wall: wall space.
- growing against or on a wall: wall plants; wall cress.
- situated, placed, or installed in or on a wall: wall oven; a wall safe.
- to enclose, shut off, divide, protect, border, etc., with or as if with a wall (often fol. by in or off): to wall the yard; to wall in the play area; He is walled in by lack of opportunity.
- to seal or fill (a doorway or other opening) with a wall: to wall an unused entrance.
- to seal or entomb (something or someone) within a wall (usually fol. by up): The workmen had walled up the cat quite by mistake.
Cornercor•ner (kôr′nər),USA pronunciation n.
- the place at which two converging lines or surfaces meet.
- the space between two converging lines or surfaces near their intersection;
angle: a chair in the corner of the room.
- a projecting angle, esp. of a rectangular figure or object: He bumped into the corner of the table.
- the point where two streets meet: the corner of Market and Main Streets.
- an end;
- any narrow, secluded, or secret place.
- an awkward or embarrassing position, esp. one from which escape is impossible.
- [Finance.]a monopolizing or a monopoly of the available supply of a stock or commodity to a point permitting control of price (applied only when monopoly price is exacted).
quarter: from every corner of the empire.
- the point of intersection of the section lines of a land survey, often marked by a monument or some object, as a pipe that is set or driven into the ground. Cf. section (def. 5).
- a stake, tree, or rock marking the intersection of property lines.
- a piece to protect the corner of anything.
- any point on the line forming the left or right boundary of home plate: a pitch on the corner.
- the area formed by the intersection of the foul line and the outfield fence.
- the immediate area formed by any of the four angles in the ring.
- one of the two assigned corners where a boxer rests between rounds and behind which the handlers sit during a fight.
- [Soccer.]See corner kick.
- cut corners:
- to use a shorter route.
- to reduce costs or care in execution: cutting corners to meet the foreign competition.
- rough corners, rude, boorish, or unsophisticated characteristics, manners, or the like: Despite his rough corners, he was very likable.
- the four corners of the earth, the most distant or remote regions: They traveled to the four corners of the earth.
- turn the corner, to pass through a crisis safely: When the fever passed, we knew he had turned the corner.
- situated on or at a corner where two streets meet: a corner drugstore.
- made to fit or be used in a corner: a corner cabinet.
- to furnish with corners.
- to place in or drive into a corner.
- to force into an awkward or difficult position or one from which escape is impossible: He finally cornered the thief.
- to gain control of (a stock, commodity, etc.).
- to meet in or be situated on or at a corner.
- to form a corner in a stock or commodity.
- (of an automobile) to turn, esp. at a speed relatively high for the angle of the turn involved.
Cutcut (kut),USA pronunciation v., cut, cut•ting, adj., n.
- to penetrate with or as if with a sharp-edged instrument or object: He cut his finger.
- to divide with or as if with a sharp-edged instrument;
carve: to cut a rope.
- to detach with or as if with a sharp-edged instrument;
separate from the main body;
lop off: to cut a slice from a loaf of bread.
- to hew or saw down;
fell: to cut timber.
- to trim by clipping, shearing, paring, or pruning: to cut hair.
- to mow;
harvest: to cut grain.
- to abridge or shorten;
edit by omitting a part or parts: to cut a speech.
- to lower, reduce, diminish, or curtail (sometimes fol. by down): to cut prices.
- to dilute;
make less thick: to cut wine.
- to dissolve: That detergent cuts grease effectively.
- to intersect;
cross: One line cuts another at right angles.
- to cease;
discontinue (often fol. by out): Cut the kidding. Let's cut out the pretense.
- to stop;
halt the running of, as a liquid or an engine (often fol. by off): The pilot cut the engines and glided in for a landing. Cut off the hot water.
- to dilute or adulterate (a drug) by mixing it with other substances.
- to grow (a tooth or teeth) through the gum: The baby is cutting his teeth.
- to type, write, or draw on (a stencil) for mimeographing.
- to make or fashion by cutting, as a statue, jewel, or garment.
- [Glassmaking.]to produce a pattern (in glass) by grinding and polishing.
- to refuse to recognize socially;
shun ostentatiously: Her friends began to cut her as the season progressed.
- to strike sharply, as with a whip.
- to absent oneself from: allowed to cut three classes per semester.
- [Motion Pictures, Television.]
- to stop (a scene or shot being filmed).
- to edit (a film).
- to wound the feelings of severely.
- to divide (a pack of cards) at random into two or more parts, by removing cards from the top.
- to take (a card) from a deck.
- to record a selection on (a phonograph record or tape);
make a recording of.
- to castrate or geld.
- to hit (a ball) with either the hand or some instrument so as to change its course and often to cause it to spin.
- to hollow out;
dig: to cut a trench.
- [Cricket.]to strike and send off (a ball) in front of the batsman, and parallel to the wicket.
- to be a nonplaying dealer, manager, or supervisor of (a card game, crap game, or other


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Though built in 1893 to manufacture textiles, the Columbia Mills' storied stone halls now weave tapestries of knowledge with exhibits on everything from lasers and space travel to South Carolina's role in the Civil War. Boasting accolades by Columbia Metropolitan magazine and the Smithsonian, South Carolina State Museum devotes each of its four floors and part of its fourth dimension to art, cultural history, natural history, and science and technology represented by more than 70,000 artifacts.
Through a series of permanent exhibits, curators lead visitors on a cultural and geological voyage. Guests stroll through years of traditional and contemporary art by state artists, marvel at a 43-foot white shark display and full dinosaur skeletons, or cast imaginations back in exhibits on turn-of-the-century transportation, laser technology, and aviation. The museum also excavates the surrounding landscape to present 14,000 years of local culture in Native American tools and colonial-era lifestyle items.
Five galleries also house changing exhibits featuring assemblages of artifacts from Civil War–era Charleston or 300 years of American-made telescopes, each carefully monitored to ensure they contain just the right amount of science. While museum staffers frequently rotate their exhibits, they also host traveling displays and send others on the road through the Traveling Exhibits Program. Various education displays such as interactive children's labs, living-history reenactments, and lectures from visiting scholars further enrich all-ages visitors.


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with an energetic intellect, and pleasing expression of countenance, and of mild and courteous manners; readily imparting information, either on his favourite science, or on professional subjects." Furthermore, his works yield insights into his humble and inquisitive personality and his many interests and talents.
This portrait, erroneously attributed to the author of the Essay of the Shaking Palsy when published in Medical Classics (_PHONE_), really belongs to a British dentist by the same name who lived from _PHONE_. Moreover, James Parkinson died in 1824 prior to the development of the first daguerreotype c. 1839.
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So far, Optimize offers the following features:
- Show created Reports, Dashboards and Collections.
- Consolidate all important information by grouping several Reports together in a Dashboard.
- Process Analysis
- Explore, discover and get insights into your processes that otherwise would be hidden.
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- Explore, discover and get insights into your decisions that otherwise would be hidden.
- Get a notification as soon as your system is behaving in an unexpected manner.
- Event Based Processes
- Create and analyse reports backed by ingested events
- Export and Import
- Export and import Optimize entities.
- Enter you license to get full access to Optimize.
- Get an overview about the connection status of the engine, elasticsearch and the Optimize version.


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University of New Mexico's Steven Homer is named among 26 law teachers nationally who have had a significant, positive and long-term impact on their students. Homer, interim director of the Legal Analysis and Communications Program, has received the UNM Outstanding Adjunct/Lecturer of the Year Award and is a multiple winner of the Dean's Award for Faculty Excellence in the UNM School of Law.
Homer is featured in the book, What the Best Law Teachers Do, Harvard University Press, 2013. The book is the culmination of a four-year study to identify extraordinary law teachers. They received hundreds of nominations from which they selected the 26 they profiled. The authors visited the subjects, observed class sessions and conducted interviews with subjects, students, alumni, deans and other faculty.
The book studies the atrributes and practices of these law professors, described as "inspiring role models to their students, who consciously and carefully prepare their students to practice law, who devote themselves to helping their students grow as people and as future lawyers, and who mentor their students, helping them find jobs and make career choices, even long after the students have graduated."
Homer teaches first and second year students and has taught in the school's clinic program for third year students. He insists that everyone must participate in class. "Speaking in front of people is very important for a lawyer," he said. So, he calls on each of his students every day. He acknolwedges that it is stressful at first, but as time goes by, students become more comfortable with it.
The book identifies structure as key in the classroom; that students repeatedly say they appreciate having a structure that helps them learn. Homer scripts his whole class to ensure that each class is productive. He organizes content, develops the sequence of questions and anticipates the answers. Part of his job, he said, is to keep students on task. His students commented on how clear his expectations are and how important they are to gauge progress.
One of the lasting lessons for Homer's students is thoughtful writing. Students are quoted discussing the link between careful reading and persuasive writing, focusing on the purpose in writing and the importance of editing. One former student said those practices have been ingrained and when people in the office pass motions around before filing them, they actually say "do the Homer thing" -- chop out extraneous verbiage.
The book is authored by Professor Gerry Hess of Gonzaga University School of Law, Professor Sophie Sparrow of the University of New Hampshire School of Law, and Michael Hunter Schwartz, dean and professor of law at the UALR William H. Bowen School of Law.
According to Hess, "All of the teachers we studied are regarded as being among the most rigorous professors at their law schools who have high expectations of every student, yet they also are known for their kindness to their students. They foster self-confidence in their students and inspire in them a belief that they are capable of great things. They get to know their students as people and manifest caring and respect for their students. These teachers model hard work, creativity and humility."


"If our Poop Protest is considered uncivil, then tell me what is Civil in this country"
Meet Abhay Xaxa, the activist who helped organize the Poop Protest against Land Bill.
With the BJP-led government at Centre relentlessly trying to legislate anti-people laws like Land Acquisition Bill, both civil society and political groups are up in arms. Recently, massive protests were organized across the country. However, the most courageous and political form of protest has been initiated by members of tribal community and activists from Latehar district of Jharkhand. adivasis-defecate
On 18th of March, a number of Adivasis from Latehar lined and crapped on the copies of the proposed bill. Using the bill as a toilet paper in public, the members of the community and activists demanded from the government an immediate withdrawal of the Bill. Or else Adivasis will continue with the shit protest across the country.
IndiaResists.com spoke to Abhay Xaxa, an activist-researcher who helped organizing and popularizing it.
Abhay is an Oraon Adivasi hailing from the tribal-dominated Jashpur District of northern Chhattisgarh. He started working on Adivasi issues as a youth leader during his college days in Jabalpur with a group called Adivasi Yuva Chetna Manch and has worked with some of the very committed grassroots movements such as Bharat Jan Andolan, Ekta Parishad, Nadi Ghati Morcha and Dalit Dasta Virodhi Andolan.
Currently, he is a research scholar at Jawahar Lal Nehru University (JNU), researching and working on Adivasi Marginalities and Tribal Sub Plan. He is also the National Convener of a nationwide campaign group, "National Campaign on Adivasi Rights".
Abhay Xaxa during a protest in Delhi
Abhay Xaxa during a protest in Delhi
Following is a short conversation with Abhay Xaxa.
How did the idea of this form of protest strike you? Who decided it, when and why?
We are doing social monitoring of various tribal development programmes operating under the Tribal Sub Plan to highlight the serious gaps in planning and implementation of various schemes, especially in 5th Schedule areas. Currently there is lot of anxiety and anger among the Adivasi communities against the recently introduced Land Acquisition Bill which was discussed during one of our community meetings in Latehaar district. During the meeting, few young Adivasi leaders suggested that since Government pays no attention when we take out peaceful rallies (just the previous day, around 30,000 Adivasis rallied against the draconian bill in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh), but nobody paid attention) and giving memoranda has become a futile exercise. So the youth in the meeting suggested we do the 'poop protest' in public place to communicate our anger against the land grab carried out in Adivasi area.
Some would say, this was an 'uncivil way of protest'. What is your response to them?
If our poop protest is considered uncivil, then tell me what is civil in this country. Displacing millions of Adivasis for satisfying corporate greed is civil? Killing thousands of unarmed Adivasis in name of counter insurgency is civil? Trafficking lakhs of innocent Adivasi girls to cities and raping them is civil? Blatantly cheating the Adivasis from the constitutional promises is civil? Adivasis have long suffered from the incivility of the Indian state as well as profit mongering goon-politician nexus of this country. Contrary to what is usually is portrayed, Adivasis are the most civil and peace loving citizens of the country. These values are their strength, but have been continuously victimized by the blood thirsty policies of the government. What type of civility do you expect from a person who was uprooted from their land not once but twice in name of national interest and is now threatened the third time?
In my view, if freedom fighters would have bothered to behave 'civil' during Indian freedom struggle, we would have still been a British colony. Poop protest is the most peaceful and democratic protest against a black law which threatens the core of their lifeJal, Jangal aur Jameen, that is! Poop protest is not a new form of agitation, In fact throughout history, whenever oppressed masses have dropped their shit as arsenal, rulers have been shaken because it often marks the beginning of a social uprising.
But have you tried 'civil' manners of the protest first, right?
Yes, we have been trying peaceful demonstration for a long. Rallies, dharnas, hunger strike, submitting memoranda, meeting MP's, delegations. Nothing has worked. In fact, on 12th of this month we were detained by police in Delhi while doing peaceful protest. (See a detailed report here). It seems the Indian state is totally bent towards eliminating the Adivasis from the face of the earth.
We hear you are working in a feature film. Can you tell us something about it?
The film Sonchand is the first Adivasi community film project based on crowd funding and community resources which is going to challenge the Eklayva mythology relating to Adivasis. You can know more about the film here.
What next? Are you planning to do something similar in other parts of the country?
We have got immense support for the poop protest from the Adivasi regions and many have invited to collectively do poop protest in their areas. But we are right now following the developments in the Parliament on the issue and will likewise decide on future course of action. With the poop protest in Latehar, we have begun a fight and we have promised ourselves not to leave it unfinished.
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The Canadian Museum of Cultural Heritage of Indo-Canadian, located at the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir and Cultural Complex in Toronto, Canada, traces 10,000 years of Indian history. Inaugurated in 2007, visitors can explore the civilization, diversity, and religions of India. Moreover, the museum highlights the Indo-Canadian experience, explaining the journey of the ethnic community as it became an integral part of the Canadian cultural mosaic over the past 60 years. The museum illustrates Indian culture's contributions to the fields of art, architecture, science, democracy, education, and spiritual values. The museum promotes cultural harmony by inspiring its visitors to explore and share their own heritage while maintaining respect for others. It is an unparalleled cultural landmark visited and appreciated by various community leaders, government officials, and thousands of Canadians.
Visit the Canadian Museum of Cultural Heritage of Indo-Canadians at BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Toronto, Canada.


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Regardless of your pharmaceutical facility's location, due to security protocols, it can take some time for EMS/EMT to reach a person in your facility who needs medical attention. You'll want to be as prepared as possible to deal with any medical situation such as cardiac or airway emergencies. Our R15 portable emergency oxygen device can provide a victim with a continuous flow of 100% oxygen for 15 minutes at 6 L/minute during the critical minutes before the EMS/EMT arrive.
If someone is struggling to breathe or has collapsed due to an airway or cardiac emergency, we recommend you call 911 and then use the R15 Emergency Oxygen on the victim until EMS arrive. These are some examples of the types of emergencies an R15™ should be used:
Shortness of Breath/Troubled Breathing
Fainting (from heat exhaustion or dehydration, etc.)
Carbon Monoxide or Food poisoning
Personal injury accident causing person to pass out
Blood Clots in lung
COPD Flair Up
Features of our R15 portable emergency oxygen device:
Safe to place in any location for easy access
Cleared by the FDA
Instructions are easy to understand and placed on unit
No batteries or electricity required
No training needed
Unlike compressed gas cylinders which are potentially explosive, the R15 is the only safe alternative emergency oxygen system for all facilities. Plus, the R15 can be placed on a shelf or any visible area where everyone can see it for quick access in emergencies. Oxygen cylinders must be stored in fire resistant cabinets and only people who have specific training may activate an oxygen cylinder. The R15 is the only accessible emergency oxygen with no special storage or training required. It is an essential emergency safety device to have on hand. Every second without oxygen can negatively affect survival: improve your emergency preparedness program by adding emergency oxygen with the R15.
Where to put the R15
The R15 portable emergency oxygen unit for your facility is safe to place anywhere. Since the placement of the AED (automated external defibrillator) is a familiar emergency response location, it is both logical and convenient to place the R15 with the AED. To determine additional locations for the R15, an excellent model is in airports where their goal is to have access to AED's and other safety equipment within 1 – 3 minutes. Every second without oxygen can negatively affect someone's survival. Key locations to place the R15 include: next to security stations, near elevators, cafeterias, main reception areas, near lavatories, in secured or restricted access, eye wash stations, laboratories, photocopy & printer areas and on walls in main corridors.


Italiano - English
HOME > Permanent Collection > 6. Informale
Permanent Collection
6. Informale
In this section are exhibited some works by leading artists of the broad international phenomenon known as Informal Art, which spread between the 1950s and 1960s and within which different aspects of a non-figurative art were expressed. Among the critics in Italy who paid timely and sensitive attention to these experiences was Francesco Arcangeli, director of the Galleria d'Arte Moderna in Bologna, forerunner of MAMbo, from 1959 to 1968. During his tenure, the scholar enriched the collections with works of various currents, paying particular attention to the local scene, but also the national and international one. He was responsible for the acquisition of the major works by Alberto Burri and Antoni Tàpies exhibited in this space, in which a controlled manipulation of matter gives rise to new formal manifestations. On a parallel track we find the delicate compositions by Germano Sartelli, poetic recombinations of natural and discarded elements, while, almost at the opposite end, the long canvas by Pinot Gallizio testifies to an exuberant and energetic approach to painting.


'Les Lavandieres' by Sir William Llewellyn PRA
H: 51 in / 130 cm | W: 35 in / 89 cm
'Les Lavandieres'
By Sir Samuel Henry William Llewellyn PRA (1858–1941)
Oil on canvas, signed and dated 1887, this is a large scale, rare to the market example of Llewellyn's mature work in the plein air manner, and is provenanced to the descendants of the original purchaser.
Private Collection, UK; thence by descent
Sir (Samuel Henry) William Llewellyn PRA (1858–1941) was a noted and important English painter of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and served as President of the Royal Academy from 1928 to 1938, and was awarded the Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts) in 1933.
Llewellyn has 67 paintings in British national collections, including a portrait of industrialist and philanthropist Sir Alexander Grant held by the University of Edinburgh.
A student of Sir Edward Poynter, (whom he later succeeded as the President of the Royal Academy), and later, in France, under the direction of Jules Joseph Lefebvre, (member of the Legion d'honneur, and a leading light in the Academie des Beaux-Arts, and painting professor at the Academie Julian); Sir Samuel Llewellyn worked in the broad brush plein air manner in the French countryside, especially in Brittany, with the women (Les Lavandieres) depicted being shown in regional Breton costumes.
Returning to England, he worked with the Newlyn School artists colony; his early exhibited works, around the date of our painting include prosaic life views of the locals of St Ives and Newlyn. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1884 onwards in a more conservative manner from the early 1900's as a portraitist, his subjects including Queen Mary (1912), a gift from Queen Mary to King George V, now in the Royal Collection Trust.
Exhibitor at the New English Arts Club, the Grosvenor Gallery and the Royal Society of British Artists, he was appointed a trustee of the National Gallery from _PHONE_.
REF No. 9069
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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Larry P. Atkinson
Gabriel T. Csanady
John M. Klinck
Jackson O. Blanton
The circulation of water over the shelf of the southeastern United States was examined during the Fall Removal Experiment from late October to early November 1987. A steady state, two-dimensional analytical model of wind and density driven flow was used to study the relative importance of driving forces in shelf circulation, fate of freshwater and cross-shelf exchange processes. The inner and middle shelf mean circulation was found to be driven by four major components: (1) longshore wind, (2) longshore pressure gradient, (3) onshore wind and (4) cross-shelf density gradient including freshwater influx. Wind stress was the primary driving force for shelf circulation Southward wind stress produced a southward current with an embedded coastal jet, while weak wind stress reduced the jet strength and produced northward currents in the middle shelf. Strong southwestward wind events transported low salinity waters, from rivers in the central part of the South Atlantic Bight, southward to Cape Canaveral in a narrow baroclinic zone near the coast. Inner shelf fronts were produced by freshwater runoff. Downwelling favorable wind narrowed the baroclinic zone, inside of which a strong coastal jet developed. The runoff-induced residual circulation made a generally weak contribution to the mean flow field. Freshwater was mainly advected through the inner shelf off Savannah and Brunswick by longshore transport and through the middle shelf between Brunswick and St. Augustine sections by cross-shelf transport. Freshwater transport estimates showed that about 10% of the freshwater input off Savannah arrived at the Cape Canaveral section and a major portion of the remaining freshwater left the shelf region by offshore transport. About 30% of the freshwater flowing into the region was temporarily stored there. Cross-shelf transport was especially important during weaker winds. Salinity was used as conservative property for the calculation of the horizontal diffusion coefficient. The cross-shelf, and 107 cm2s-1 on the middle shelf locations. Most shelf regions showed dominant advective cross-shelf transport, while in frontal zone between Savannah and Brunswick sections there was an increase of diffusive cross-shelf transport. Current meter observations and surface distributions of tritium originating from the Savannah River confirmed the above analytical model and dynamical considerations.
"Freshwater Transport on the Continental Shelf of the Southeastern United States"
(1990). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, Ocean/Earth/Atmos Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/13dp-k117


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the photometric response function—to within a tolerance of 3% defined by the f1' (f-one-prime) analysis method given in CIE publication 69.
This level of precision in the measurement instruments yields a precision and bias of about 6% between well-maintained and well-staffed laboratories. It is not practical to apply these very rigorous standards in the field.
The ASTM also has developed standards for portable measurements of retroreflectivity in the field. Like those developed for the lab, these procedures apply tungsten lamps although they also can use flashed xenon sources. They also permit compensating the detector's response by the amount the light source deviates from 2,855.6°K. Field and laboratory measurements taken over many years have shown that the combination of the spectral power distribution of a light source and the detector spectral sensitivity must match the combination of the CIE Illuminant and photometric response functions. Filters can compensate for temperature differences and provide the required match to the CIE photometric response function.
Commercial retroreflectometers for the field can either be hand-held or vehicle-mounted. Each type has advantages and drawbacks stemming from the initial price, maintenance costs, the manpower required to operate it, the accuracy of its data, its reliability and its compliance with testing standards. Ultimately, selection of the appropriate technology depends on what type of monitoring program an agency plans to implement as well as the staff and resources available to implement it.
The purchase cost of a mobile retroreflectometer instrument including all necessary equipment can be over 10 times the initial cost of a hand-held instrument. The operating costs of mobile instruments, such as maintenance, fuel, depreciation and technical support, also are higher.
Hand-held instruments require only one person to take a reading. But if that person is measuring lane and centerlines, which is often the case, their work will require a crew for traffic control. This imposes its own expenses as well as safety issues. In 2002 alone, 1,181 people were killed in construction or maintenance zones, according to the National Center for Statistics and Analysis' Fatality Analysis Reporting System.
Mobile instruments use lasers for the illumination source—a retroreflectometry method for which ASTM is still developing standards. However, studies performed or funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Ontario Ministry of Transportation and others concluded that there was a very good correlation between laserand tungsten-based instruments.
Mobile instruments can measure any and all retroreflective roadway elements at highway speeds, eliminating the need for traffic control and reducing the number of personnel to two: one to drive and the other to operate the equipment. Although hand-held retroreflectometers provide an accurate sample-based series of point locations, mobile retroreflectometers, by their nature, collect more data, more quickly. This can render transportation authorities more in-depth yet extended representations of their roadway system's retroreflective health.
In fact, mobile technology is raising interest among state and federal transportation authorities because of its potential to advance retroreflective research and modeling technology. For example, nine western states in conjunction with the FHWA are using volumes of hard data collected by mobile retroreflectometers to develop performance standards and degradation curves for retroreflective elements on their highway systems. The data will help model where and when retroreflective maintenance is needed with greater precision. The study also has raised speculation about combining mobile measurements with global positioning satellite technology to provide the status of markings and gauge when and where they will need to be replaced.
Besides its voluminous sampling, the rapidity of mobile measurements makes repetitive runs more practical, which provides a better average and standard deviation. This could aid comparative research of different retroreflective materials or designs under different conditions.
Compared to many roadway maintenance tools, retroreflectometry is a relatively new but rapidly evolving technology. Retroreflectance measurement helps maintain visibility standards, improving safety and comfort for drivers. It also can help predict where and when retroreflective roadside elements need replacing.
Transportation agencies generally inspect new pavement markings within a month. After that, there is little agreement over how often inspection is required. The accuracy, repeatability and reliability of both hand-held and mobile retroreflectometers is helping to change this. Their use will continue to grow, fueled by administrative and operational transportation authorities' desire to efficiently review and model retroreflectivity data independent of differences in marking materials, roadway conditions or altitude.
Retroreflectivity measurements go mobile with new instruments traffic safety


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Volunteer for clinical studies related to neglected tropical diseases on ClinicalTrials.gov.
NIAID has a long-standing program of research devoted to better understanding, treating, and preventing neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). NIAID conducts its own basic and clinical studies and supports those of researchers based in the United States and in countries where NTDs are widespread.
For example, scientists in the NIAID Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases are working to uncover how NTD-causing pathogens interact with humans, animals, and the organisms that spread them from host to host. The lab conducts patient-centered research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, as well as field studies in India, Latin America, and Africa.
Read more about the NIAID Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases.
NIAID support is helping scientists uncover new knowledge about NTD-causing agents that could ultimately be used to develop new prevention and treatment strategies. Through its Partnerships with Public-Private Partnerships program (PPP) and Tropical Diseases Research Units, NIAID is actively supporting the discovery and development of drugs for NTDs. For example, researchers in the program are developing a low-cost treatment for visceral leishmaniasis and identifying new drugs for sleeping sickness and Chagas' disease.
In 2012, NIAID funded eight Tropical Research Medicine Centers (TMRCs) to support research on NTDs in endemic areas. The Centers are designed to facilitate research on the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NTDs, and to create and sustain in-country research capacity.
The Vector Biology Research Program at NIAID supports research on several vectors that transmit agents of NTDs. Many of these projects have field components in disease-endemic areas of the world. For example, NIAID funds a project in French Polynesia that aims to reduce populations of Aedes polynesiensis, a mosquito species responsible for spreading filariasis in the region. Another group of investigators is studying the mosquito immune response against filarial worms with the hope of identifying targets for blocking development of the worm inside the mosquito.
NIAID research repositories, such as the Filariasis Research Reagent Repository Center and Schistosomiasis Resource Center, continue to foster the development of research programs against these diseases by providing researchers with parasite species, standard study protocols, and training. For example, through the Schistosomiasis Resource Center, investigators can obtain schistosome worm species at different life stages to study how they infect and multiply within snails and other hosts.
For more information, see The NIH-NIAID Schistosomiasis Resource Center, a review article published in the July 30, 2008, edition of Public Library of Science Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Potential New Chagas Treatment Discovered by NIAID-Supported Researchers
A New Gold Standard: Improved Animal Model Could Speed Drugs for Chagas' Disease
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Last Updated August 11, 2010


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Which trees in NZ are most (and least) flammable?
One of the most flammable is a famous native tree species, and it's not manuka.
Research has shown some of the most flammable plants found in the NZ countryside are gorse, eucalypts, and surprisingly to the scientists, rimu and silver beech.
That two widespread native trees were similar to highly flammable overseas species was news to those taking part in the joint Lincoln University and University of Auckland study.
Their work is the first experimental measurement of the flammability of a large number of plants found in NZ, and data gathered will be used to identify fire-prone ecosystems and the best plants to use as 'green' firebreaks to reduce the spread of destructive wildfires, likely to be more common as a result of climate change.
Existing lists of suitable non-flammable species in New Zealand are mostly based on expert opinion, says Auckland University Professor George Perry.
"Our results provide the first experimental evidence to support current guidelines on New Zealand plant flammability. This provides recommendations for councils and fire managers on which native New Zealand species to plant in green firebreaks to reduce fire spread."
The team – which included All Black Sam Whitelock, who was finishing his Bachelor of Science – placed shoots on a special 'plant barbeque' made out of a 44 gallon drum cut in half with a grill on top. They lit samples with a blowtorch and recorded how quickly they ignited, how hot they got, how long they burned for, and how much of the sample burned.
Future experiments will include a wider range of plants, and ultimately be conducted on plant communities in the field.
The scientists will also look at 'mixed grill' situations where a highly flammable species like gorse is interspersed with a low flammability tree such as Coprosma robusta (karamu) to see how fast or slow the combination burns.
(in descending order)
Gorse (Ulex europaeus)
Manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis)
Kumarahou (Pomaderris kumeraho), a type of native heath
Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
Silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii)
Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)
Prickly hakea (Hakea sericea), an Australian shrub
Titoki (Alectryon excelsus)
Wheki (Dicksonia squarrosa)
Cabbage tree (Cordyline australis)
Bottlebrush (Callistemon rigidus)
Dragon leaf (Dracophyllum acerosum), a type of native heather
Maire (Nestegis lanceolate)
(in ascending order)
Five-finger (Pseudopanax arboreus)
Hangehange (Geniostoma ligustrifolium)
Kotukutuku (Fuchsia excorticata)
Mapou (Myrsine australis)
Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra)
Flax (Phormium tenax)
Karamu (Coprosma robusta)
Kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile)
Kowhai (Sophora microphylla)
Supplejack (Ripogonum scandens)


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|NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
||Office of the Director|
|FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Friday, July 19, 2002
Dr. David Vannier
The modules are the result of a cooperative effort among teachers, scientists, and curriculum developers. A team of teachers from across the country, top scientists from the NIH, and curriculum developers from Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) of Colorado Springs, CO, and Videodiscovery, Inc. of Seattle, WA, created the modules. Teachers and students across the country field-tested the supplements.
According to Marjorie King, K-12 science consultant at Jefferson Parish Public School System, La., "The NIH supplements help bridge the gap between the classroom and the scientific world. They are very, very good."
Three earlier curriculum supplements, designed for use in high school classrooms, are Cell Biology and Cancer, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, and Human Genetic Variation. Each is available on the NIH Office of Science Education Web site. Additional supplements are planned each year. For more online information, visit _URL_
For more information or review copies, contact: Dr. David Vannier, Professional Development Coordinator, OSE, NIH 6705 Rockledge Dr, RM 700, Bethesda, MD 20892-7984 TEL: _PHONE_; FAX: 301-_PHONE_, E-MAIL: _EMAIL_
The National Institutes of Health is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.


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School Strategic Development and Inclusion Plan (SSDIP)
The SSDIP is a vitally important document that summarises...
- Vision and Aims of the school
- The Strategic Development Planning Process
- Contextual Information about the school including those who work or are taught in the school
- All external evaluations including the most recent Ofsted judgements
- All internal self evaluation processes
- The background and key tasks that will be completed
- The Key Priorities for the year ahead
- Action plans for the key priorities
- A financial summary
- Staffing Structure
- Policy review schedule
Much of this information is confidential as it can refer to individual or groups of children however a summary of intended actions can be found by clicking on the link below.
Inevitably, due to changes in legislation or changes in the needs of the school, the plan may change to reflect the changing needs of the school.


I traveled to Rio de Janeiro to gather insights about the cultural and art life in the city. Through qualitative research methods it became evident that Rio is a fragmented city - communities are isolated from each other, culturally, economically, and physically. Furthermore, cultural producers lack communication and networking channels. Despite these challenges, we identified that festive events can bring together diverse neighborhoods.
The collaboration between two teams, one in NYC and one in Rio de Janeiro, allowed us to develop a strategy based on local information and global trends. Our goal was to design a service that would allow Rio's residents to learn about communities in their city through a fun and engaging way. Barulho Labs became a co-creation platform that enabled the design of festive events to promote cultural networks.
Through prototyping we learned that one of the main assets of the proposed strategy was to bring together artists and producers to collaborate and seek economic opportunities as well as to promote peer to peer interaction to increase assistance and participation to the festive events. We are currently refining the idea by further prototyping and engaging local partners.
Barulho Labs
Through an online and offline platform, Barulho Labs, enables artists, producers and audiences to co-create festive events to foster social mobility.
Using design thinking and rapid prototyping to develop a strategy to enahnce cultural networks.
Role: Strategic Designer
Core team NYC: Andrea Morales Coto and Janson Cheng
Team Rio de Janeiro: Hanna Gutwilen, Mariane Martins and Lívia King.
Partners: CAIS and PUC-Rio
Full Report & prototype for website
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Vehicle for
Playground for
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1 GeoCam Memo Web
1.1 About
The GeoCam Project helps people better understand and respond to disasters. GeoCam consists of a GPS-enabled camera (or cell phone) and a web app for sharing geotagged photos and other geospatial data.
GeoCam Memo is a scribing and note-taking application intended for use by search team members as they canvas the scene of a disaster. Notes can be recorded using text or audio and various forms of attachments (including but not limited to images) can be attached for transmission to a central server. All messages can be geotagged and categorized before saving to provide proper context when analyzing them via a web interface at a later time.
GeoCam Talk is a communication application intended to aid in communication during a search mission. Members can send text and audio messages to any subset of their team members while on the field from their mobile devices. All messages are sent through a central server which catalogs them for later analysis. Just as in Memo, all messages are geotagged to provide instant awareness of team member location.
This is the web application for both GeoCam Memo and GeoCam Talk
1.2 News
Visit and for updates.
1.3 Setup
The GeoCam Memo and Talk applications were built using the Django framework and run on top of Python.
1.3.1 Dependencies
 1. Once all dependencies have been installed, clone the GeoCamMemoWeb repository to the path of your choice:
 git clone
 2. CD into your./geocamMemoWeb/example path and run syncdb, creating an admin user if prompted:
 python syncdb
1.4 Running
To run a development server, navigate to your./geocamMemoWeb/example path and execute runserver:
python runserver
Pleast note that this must be done before the geocamTalkForAndroid and geocamTalkForMemo can be successfully run on your mobile device.
1.5 Testing
Testing can be initiated from your./geocamMemoWeb/example path using the test command:
python test geocamMemo geocamTalk
See the Django documentation for more information on using
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If we have a variety X, over a field k, and x is a geometric point of X, and let $\bar x $be a geometric point of $X_{k^s} := X \times_k k^s $above x then we have the following short exact sequence:
$1 \rightarrow \pi_1(X_{k^s}, \bar x) \rightarrow \pi_1(X,x) \rightarrow Gal(k) \rightarrow 1$
Implicit in this is a choice of $k^s$ (if you want, this is a choice of geometric point, z, on Spec(k); $\pi_1(Spec(k), z)=Gal(k)$).
suppose f is a spliting of this short exact sequence, then consider the image of f,denote by Im(f),it is a subgroup of $\pi_1(X,x) $.Then is there any understanding of the the subgroup of $\pi_1(X,x) $generated by {Im(f)|all spliting f}? And when will it be the full group $\pi_1(X,x)$?
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First a remark : you have to suppose $X$ geometrically connected to get this exact sequence. I don't know what kind of understanding you expect, but the answer to the question will it always be the full group $\pi_1(X,x)$ is certainly no. The reason is that there are explicit examples (of proper smooth curves over a number field) when there are no sections at all. These examples due to Stix and Harari-Szamuely, are not easy to construct. Since a rational point provides a section up to conjugacy by functoriality of the étale fundamental group, such curves obviously possess no rational points. As you certainly know, the section conjecture predicts (in the case of proper smooth curves over a number field say) a bijection between rational points and conjugacy classes of sections, this may help to translate your question. But it looks rather difficult to me since it seems to imply a description of the set of all sections, a task supposed to be very arduous. For instance there are no known examples where one can show that the set of conjugacy classes of sections is finite non empty (for a proper smooth curve over a number field). The section conjecture, together with Faltings's theorem on the finiteness of rational points of curves of genus larger than 2, would imply the finiteness of this set of conjugacy classes of sections, though. The description of the set of sections that you use in your question is thus supposed to be a very hard task.
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I wish to know is there some case or some criterion that,we can pick some spicific finite many k points of X,thus fine many sections, like $p_1,...,p_n$, such that their images generate the full group – TOM Mar 4 '11 at 16:15
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|Necklace of Gold and Diamonds|
United States, Circa 1960
The Victoria & Albert Museum
For several years, after the Second World War, gemstones were so expensive as to be prohibitive and their trade was extremely rare in Europe. Gold jewelry therefore became fashionable for those who could not afford pieces which were encrusted with gemstones.
A trick employed by many jewelers to make their gold jewelry more affordable was to reduce the amount of precious metal that was used by using wire, often corded in ornamental patterns. These pieces appeared heavy and chunky, but were often hollow. Small diamonds were set into these playful pieces in order to create the illusion of sparkle and color on a greater scale.
Here's a great example of this practice. Made around 1960, this necklace of gold is set with small diamonds. It was made in the United States.