Oral History
Not all history is written down. Some would say that most history has never been documented. Only major historical events were recorded, while minor historical events were not jotted down in the annals of history, but rather kept alive in people's memory. Oral history is concerned with collecting and documenting historical stories, events and circumstances that were unwritten.
If we go back to the pre-Union and pre-oil periods, we would observe that history documentation was a luxury that could not be afforded by the UAE society. In the period following the collapse of the pearl industry and prior to the formation of the Union, the UAE did not have the necessary human and economic resources for the written documentation of history or by the then existing mass media. The era preceding the establishment of the Union seems so far away as the development that followed the formation of the Union have created an intellectual gap between the Emirates of yesterday and today. Mass media and newspapers have been around at that time in the Arabian Gulf region and throughout the Arab World. However, they were very far away from the UAE. While documenting oral history is important for all countries, it is all the more important for the UAE, because a large portion of its history was not recorded.
For example, many people in the UAE know that the collapse of the pearl economy was due to the development of cultured pearls by the Japanese inventor and merchant, Mikimoto Kokichi. Nevertheless, this information is all what most people know about the collapse of the pearl fishing profession. A fairly large number of people who are unfamiliar with the UAE think that oil discovery was the main reason behind the collapse of pearl diving. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that historical information is incomplete in a way similar to a picture with missing parts. Sometimes, a picture can be recognized in spite of its missing parts, nevertheless it is still incomplete. This is precisely the case with oral history that completes the missing parts of the picture and quite often, brings to light pictures that have been totally overlooked.
The collapse of the pearl-dependent economy was not a sudden event as many might imagine. It was rather gradual, although events happened in rapid succession after the emergence of cultured pearls in the global markets. Cultured pearls were considered fake and cheap compared to natural pearls. However, because it was difficult to tell natural and cultured pearls apart, the natural pearl trade was adversely affected and replaced by cultured pearls for good. When talking about pearl diving as mentioned in historical books, one cannot help wondering why haven't men looked for other professions? The answer is that other professions were dependent on pearl diving. However, history presents the collapse of pear diving as if it were one profession. Accordingly, the reader will be puzzled by the facts, which mention that Emirati pearl traders went bankrupt, as a question may arise about the other sources of income. In fact, pearl diving was the whole economy per se, and it is worth noting that it was an integral economy rather than a profession.
Firstly, this economic system consisted of a natural resource: the pearls. Moreover, the Arabian Gulf pearls were the finest in the world. Secondly, there were the merchants who bought the pearls from local traders or the Nakhodas (ships captains) and then exported the pearls to India, Britain and the world market respectively. Thirdly, there were the diving vessel crew including divers, seebs (a Seeb: is a man who sits at the edge of the boat holding one end of a rope, which is tied to the diver at the other end) and other workers as well as their families and the shipbuilders. Furthermore, there was a fishing profession and the import of necessary materials for people such as food, clothes and other goods. Therefore, the pearl industry was the backbone of the economy and its collapse led to the fall of all other economic sectors underpinned by the pearling industry.
Another question comes to mind here: What happened to individuals when the economy collapsed? Of course, all men lost their jobs. But what happened next? How did people cope? This part is considerably recorded in history, for documented history in the past was often biased towards general economic aspects, major political events and international relations. Nevertheless, history has often overlooked people and their experiences as well as the impact of economic and political changes on them. Here comes the role of oral history in recording and documenting the people's memories, daily life, feelings and emotions, interactions, poems and sufferings. These matters are entirely absent in the official historical records and are completely unknown to the present generations.
Life in the UAE society during the collapse of the pearl diving economy is one of the areas, which the Oral History Section at the National Archives seeks to look into, comprehend and explore its consequences and facts. This cannot be accomplished by academic research only, but also by recorded interviews that aim at reaching and documenting the knowledge still vivid in the memory of our fathers and grandfathers in order to establish a knowledge resource for future generations.


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the limited safety features compared to a passenger car. This form must be signed and handed in when you register your vehicle – without this form, you cannot register your LSV. A copy of the declaration form can be printed and filled out prior to purchasing an LSV.
Municipalities have not been granted the authority to pass by-laws to prohibit LSVs on roads within their jurisdiction.
- Frequently asked questions:
- Low-Speed Vehicles - General
- For more information on federal safety standards and recommendations, read Transport Canada's low-speed vehicle information sheet.
- For full report: Safe Integration of Electric Low-Speed Vehicles on Ontario's Roads in Mixed Traffic
Electric vehicle (EV) conversions can be operated on roads in Ontario.
Ontario is reviewing registration and safety requirements for vehicles that have been converted to electric power. In the interim, the following registration rules apply. Please note that these rules may change in the future.
EV conversions are:
- Road worthy vehicles that have been converted from an internal combustion engine (gasoline) to an electric power engine.
- Powered exclusively by an electric battery.
- Not equipped or powered by an internal combustion engine or any other method.
To register an EV conversion in Ontario, you will need the following:
- A completed EV Conversion Declaration form (PDF).
- A valid Safety Standards Certificate (SSC) completed after the conversion date.
- A vehicle permit if the vehicle is already registered in Ontario; or appropriate vehicle registration documents.
- Two EV conversion decals (pictured below) which must be affixed to the front windshield and rear window of the vehicle. The decals will be provided at the Driver and Vehicle Licence Issuing Office.
An EV conversion may only be registered at the following three Driver and Vehicle Licence Issuing Offices:
- College Park (Toronto) – 777 Bay Street, Toronto, M7A 2J3
- Downtown Ottawa – 110 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, K1P 1J1
- North York (Toronto) – 47 Sheppard Avenue East, Toronto, M5W 1G9
- Frequently Asked Questions: Electric Vehicle Conversions
Persons operating motorized wheelchairs are treated in the same way as pedestrians.
Wheelchairs can be driven by muscular power or other types of power, and are designed for and used by people whose mobility is limited by one or more conditions or functional impairments. In general, municipalities establish by-laws for where wheelchairs can or cannot be used. Operators should check with their local municipality to ensure by-laws permit their use on sidewalks.
A sidewalk should be the first choice for someone using a wheelchair or medical scooter. When there is no wheelchair accessible curb, the person should return to the sidewalk at the first available opportunity.
If there is no sidewalk available, people using wheelchairs or personal mobility devices should travel, like pedestrians, along the left shoulder of the roadway facing oncoming traffic.
In the HTA, the definition of bicycle includes tricycles and unicycles but not motor-assisted bicycles. You do not need a driver'rs licence to operate a bicycle in Ontario.
A bicycle is a vehicle that:
- has steering handlebars and is equipped with pedals
- is designed to be propelled by muscular power
- has no age restriction for operators
- can be operated on most roadways (e.g., not allowed to travel on 400 series highways)
- cannot be operated across a roadway within a pedestrian cross-over
An operator must wear a bicycle helmet if under 18 and operating the bicycle on the road. If the operator is under 16 it is the duty of the operator's parent or guardian to ensure that he/she wears a helmet. If the person is 16 or 17 it is his or her personal responsibility to wear a helmet.
No passengers are allowed if the bicycle is only meant for one person. When going slower than the rest of traffic, cyclists should stay as close to the right edge of the road as is practicable. Cyclists are allowed to safely use the full lane if staying close to the right edge of the road is unsafe.
The Segway Human Transporter, also known as the Segway Personal Transporter (commonly referred to as a "Segway"), is a self-balancing, electric-powered transportation device able to turn in place and designed for one person, with a top speed of 20 km/h.
On October 19, 2006, the Province of Ontario began a pilot project to evaluate the use of the Segway Human Transporter and the Segway Personal Transporter device on roads, sidewalks and paths for Canada Post letter carriers, police officers and persons with a mobility disability. The pilot will expire on October 19, 2013.
The pilot test of Segways is open to:
- Any person 14 years of age or older and who has a condition that impairs mobility, or
- Any employee of Canada Post who delivers mail door to door, or
- Any police officer using a Segway for law enforcement purposes.
During the pilot, the following requirements must be met:
- Helmet use for those under the age of 18
- Lights and bell required
- Eligible users should operate their device on the sidewalk, where available, unless municipal by-laws prohibit the operation of motor vehicles on sidewalks
- When Segways are being used on sidewalks, Segway operators would be subject to the rules of the road that apply to pedestrians under the Highway Traffic Act.
- The operator must restrict his/her speed to walking speed (police are exempt).
- Where sidewalks are not provided or where the operation of Segways on sidewalks is prohibited by municipal by-law, a Segway can be operated on the shoulder of the road as close to the right edge of the shoulder or if there is no shoulder, on the right side of the roadway as close to the edge of the roadway as possible.
- Segways are prohibited from highways where pedestrians and bicyclists are prohibited by provincial regulation and municipal by-law.
Segways users are not required to hold a driver's licence or have vehicle registration or liability insurance.
- Frequently Asked Questions: Segway Pilot Test
Vehicles that cannot operate on roads
Pocket bikes are meant for closed circuit use only, not public roadways.
These bikes can be imported as "restricted-use motorcycles." However, in order to comply with federal standards, pocket bikes require 17-digit vehicle identification numbers, reflectors and warning labels that clearly state these bikes are intended for off-road use only.
While these devices fall within the definition of a motor vehicle under Ontario's HTA, they do not meet the provincial equipment safety standards for on-road use. As such, these devices may only be operated where Ontario's HTA does not apply, such as on private property.
Anyone using a go-ped should contact their local municipalities for by-laws pertaining to their use on sidewalks or bike paths.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Study Shows Significant Educational, Psychological Impacts for Displaced Students
April 13, 2006
It has been estimated that up to 100,000 students attending institutions in Louisiana and Mississippi were displaced last fall due to Hurricane Katrina. A recent study by three researchers at Gulf Coast institutions attempts to capture and quantify the evacuation experiences of these students as well as the economic, medical, psychological, and academic impacts. "The Other Diaspora: New Orleans Student Evacuation Impacts and Responses Surrounding Hurricane Katrina" gathered information from 7,100 displaced students from Loyola University, the University of New Orleans, and Xavier University. Among the findings:
Mental and Economic Impacts
- More than a quarter (26 percent) had a family member, significant other, or close friend who was missing during or after the hurricane; 9 percent had a family member or close friend who died.
- More than 60 percent of students evacuated or moved to a new residence or shelter twice, and more than a third (36 percent) evacuated three or more times.
- More than half (52 percent) indicated that they were not able to function normally (physically or mentally) for up to two months after the hurricane.
- Almost 85 percent of students experienced financial loss; most students applied for assistance from FEMA (81 percent) and the Red Cross (62 percent). Sixty-nine percent actually received or anticipated receiving money from FEMA, and more than half of those surveyed received or anticipated funds from the Red Cross.
Academic Impacts and University Experiences
- Two-thirds (66 percent) of students reported that no evacuation assistance was provided by their institution.
- A large proportion (74 percent) indicated that their academic performance was "somewhat," "very," or "definitely likely" negatively affected by the hurricane.
- In general, students reported positive experiences at the institutions to which they temporarily transferred for the fall 2005 semester. For example, almost all (94 percent) of students took classes at another university that could be transferred back to their home institution.
The full report provides detail on the students surveyed, their experiences, and insights for the future.
- IRS Releases Final Report on College and University Compliance Project
- NACUBO Seeks Input on Ethics, Fraud, and Controls
- FY13 Implementation Reminder for Independent Institutions
- CAO and CBO Collaborations: Leveraging Institutional Capacity to Impact Effectiveness
August 5-6, 2013
- 2013 Planning and Budgeting Forum
September 16-17, 2013
- WEBCAST: Improve Your NFP Audit and Accounting Guide IQ
Wednesday, June 26, 2013 1:00 PM ET
- ON-DEMAND: The Higher Education Accounting Forum Online
- ON-DEMAND: OD: The Cashless and Paperless Business Office
- ON-DEMAND: Affordable Care Act: Implementation Roadmap for Colleges and Universities
- A Guide to College and University Budgeting: Foundations for Institutional Effectiveness, 4th ed. - by Larry Goldstein
- NACUBO's Guide to Unitizing Investment Pools - by Mary S. Wheeler
- Managing and Collecting Student Accounts and Loans - by David R. Glezerman and Dennis DeSantis


DC Database
DC Database
Quote1.png We're going to save the world, or whatever, and then I will have a stiff Manhattan and go to bed. Quote2.png
Rita Farr src
Rita Farr (born Gertrude Cramp) is a former Hollywood actress. After an experiment engineered by Doctor Niles Caulder transformed her into a physically unstable and elastic metahuman, Caulder took in Rita and made her a member of the Doom Patrol. Originally selfish and standoffish, Rita became more kind, generous, empathetic, and even heroic as she formed close bonds with her teammates.
Gertrude Cramp was born the late 1920s to Vance and Addie Cramp. When Gertrude was a girl, she developed an insatiable desire to become an actress, which her parents supported. However, because "Gertrude Cramp" wasn't seen as a marketable name, Gertrude picked up the new stage name - "Rita Farr".
In 1930, Gertrude won a pageant and received a chance to meet the famed actress Ethel Singer. Her parents took Gertrude to meet the actress in Hollywood. [1]
In 1933, when Gertrude was a little girl and she lived with her mother in Burbank, California, she was traumatized when she secretly saw her mother Addie have sex with a producer to get Gertrude an important acting part.
Film Career
Years later, in the 1950s, Rita was climbing the latter of stardom and had made a connection with a producer named Gene. In exchange for finding Gene actresses to sexually exploit, Rita was awarded roles in his films.
Though Rita justified her actions with the fact that the exploited women also went on to become successful actors due to Gene's connection, Rita's actions caught up to her when, in 1955, one of Gene's women returned nine months later, having been forced to carry his bastard child. Rita was instructed to deal with the woman and offered her $100 to drop the issue and go away. Though the woman left, Rita would find out later that week that the woman killed herself, leaving her baby orphaned. Wracked with guilt, Rita considered adopting the child, but, when she came to her decision, Gene offered her the leading role in his upcoming picture - "Forbidden Congo" - an opportunity she couldn't pass up. [2]
Rita went to Africa in 1955 to film Forbidden Congo. There, while on set, Rita walked onto a flimsy and unstable dock and accidentally fell into a lake, where she made contact with a mysterious green substance that made her body highly elastic. Both the weak dock and the green substance were thanks to the work of a scientist named Niles Caulder, who was performing experiments to find immortality and using unaware innocents as guinea pigs. Unable to control her body from grossly contorting, Rita's film career floundered. The starlet reflected on the decisions she had made to get to that point - the women she had allowed to be exploited and the baby who she played a part in orphaning - and accepted the transformation as her karma punishment.[3]
Meeting the Chief
Some time later, likely during the same year, Rita met Caulder in person, unaware he had caused her "accident". Feeling bad for what he felt he'd had to do, Caulder, who Rita later came to know as the Chief, invited her to stay in his home, making her the first of many of his experiments to do so.
Roy Harper Cry for Justice.jpg
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Doom Patrol member


Uncover The Three Fundamental Fundamentals Laptop Or Computer Speed
So let us discuss the 3 fundamental fundamentals laptop or computer speed individuals 3 fundamental fundamentals are connection software and hardware. These areas are there is really towards the slowing lower laptop or computer speed or even more importantly the accelerating of the computer. Your pc speed stops and slows lower if you have a poor connection or if you have slow or old or bad hardware or if you have software that's some how not enhanced correctly or that in not running correctly or that simply occupies an excessive amount of your pc memory reserves. So individuals would be the 3 areas which are the basic principles laptop or computer speed.
They're where your speed originates from and they're where your speed falls apart. Searching at fundamentals and knowing these fundamentals allow it to be simpler that you should understand and the way to enhance computer speed. This brings about among the missing links and reveals among the greatest problems with regards to computer speed and that's most people addressing computer speed are just searching at one of these simple areas.
After I searched for the essential laptop or computer speed utilizing a research technique known as the stable datum I discovered that there's really little else inside a computer that you could repair apart from hardware, software, or internet connection. So, individuals would be the areas you need to start looking at when you wish to enhance computer speed.
This process causes it to be super easy to get sound advice. Clearly the very first factor to begin with is hardware and in contrast to others you actually cannot tweek hardware much. It is possible to some extent however, how you would improve hardware is to buy a far more up-to-date or even more efficient or faster bit of hardware. Sometime only a newer method of produce a simple hardware tool will greatly improve you computer speed experience.
That you can do such things as obtain a better keyboard or perhaps a better mouse a larger hard disk a far more advanced mother board something more improved as they say. And as everyone knows things get improved in the speed of sunshine on the web. To ensure that is really all you are able use hardware.


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What is a Pseudolite?
A pseudolite (or pseudo-satellite) is any device that performs a specific task that would otherwise require a satellite. So, for example, a dedicated transmitter might be deployed to extend the reach of a GNSS to areas where the satellite signals are either blocked or jammed, and there has been considerable success with deployment of pseudolites to extend GPS coverage indoors. These are relatively simple devices that only transmit the coarse acquisition code.
Pseudolites are also used to simulate future GNSS satellites in a real-world environment as well as for robotic guidance in space exploration.
A single-channel GNSS simulator (or signal generator) can be used as a pseudolite, particularly in the research and development arena. However, care needs to be taken when operating powerful transmitters within GNSS bands. Clearly, highly sensitive GNSS receivers designed to capture minute signals from distant satellites will not react well to high-power transmissions on their receiving frequencies.
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Dynamics is the study of bodies in motion. There are two major topics in the study of dynamics: kinematics is the study of the motion of particles and bodies, and kinetics is the study of the forces and moments required to induce motion. The motion of particles can be categorized as rectilinear and curvilinear. These types of motion also apply to rigid bodies. The motion of rigid bodies also can be described by angular motion. Energy methods are important tools for solving kinetics problems that would be cumbersome to solve by the application of Newton's Laws. These techniques use the concepts of conservation of energy (energy can neither be created nor destroyed) and the definition of work (energy is the capability to do work). Newton's Second Law describes the relationship between the forces acting on a particle or body and how it will accelerate.
Product ID: BK01PUB13_E_CH-7


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American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- adj. Of, relating to, or situated near the rectum.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- Pertaining to or connected with the rectum or straight gut: as, rectal parts or organs; rectal disease, operation, instrument; rectal action, evacuation.
- adj. Of -, via - or related to the rectum.
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the region of the rectum.
- adj. of or involving the rectum
"You know kind of like Farah Fawcett did when she went to Germany (which by the way has universal health care) to see one of the top specialists in rectal cancer."
"But they are more than happy to talk about a certain rectal ministration they performed on participants at a 'wellness camp' overseen by fitness guru Susan Powter for an upcoming episode of their reality show, 'The Simple Life."
"– like anal fissures, anal warts, HIV and other STD infections through the thin rectal lining – or perhaps the pleasure of sado masochistic activity."
"Fever may be defined as a rectal temperature above 37°C in the morning, and above 37°5C in the evening."
"They are known as the rectal columns [Morgagni] (Fig. 1078), and are separated from one another by furrows (rectal sinuses), which end below in small valve-like folds, termed anal valves, which join together the lower ends of the rectal columns."
"Its posterior portion passes to the side of the rectum; it forms a loose sheath for the rectum, but is firmly attached around the anal canal; this portion is known as the rectal layer."
"It is associated with less pain and faster healing time but also has a greater risk of recurrence and for the development of a condition known as rectal prolapse, in which part of the rectum protrudes from the anus."
"These include the oral thermometer, which has a long and slender bulb and is used for taking temperature in the mouth or under the arm; rectal, which is short and blunt with a fat bulb; the electronic thermometer, which is battery operated, portable and used in a variety of areas; the disposable thermometer, which has a sensor strip at the end of a piece of cardboard and is designed to be used once; and the patch, with a sensor strip that can be pasted onto the forehead."
"For example, in missed or delayed colorectal cancer cases, patients often showed up with some kind of rectal bleeding, a usual sign that further testing is needed, but was not performed, says Ms. Puopolo."
"While there is no scientific evidence as to why men avoid doctors, many physicians attribute it to a macho culture which equates doctor visits with weakness, reluctance to undergo tests such as rectal and prostate exams and fear of finding out that something might be wrong."
These user-created lists contain the word 'rectal'.
Looking for tweets for rectal.


Friday, June 06, 2008
Amory Lovins and His Nuclear Illusion – Part Two (Big Plants vs. Small Plants)
Two days ago I began a series that critically looks into Amory Lovins' and the Rocky Mountain Institute's latest paper against nuclear energy. Today's post discusses the claim that small plants (termed "micropower") are turning in a "stunning performance" and are the way to go. There are two parts to this post: exposing the flaws in their "micropower" data and discussing the differences of big plants and small plants.
Does RMI's data fit their definition?
From RMI's condensed version:
Despite their small individual size, micropower generators and electrical savings are already adding up to huge totals.
After reading and researching RMI's data, it is still unclear to me what size power plants RMI counts as "micropower." Here's RMI's definition on page 11 (pdf):
So I'm assuming that the size of "micropower" plants is 10 MW or less. The only problem with this is that the data and sources RMI uses do not tell you the size of the plants. According to the data from the 2005 WADE Survey (pdf) that RMI uses, there are about 300 GW of decentralized capacity in the world. The WADE Survey does not mention the average size of the plants included in their data. So basically we don't know if the data includes all large plants, all small plants, or a mix. If RMI's original source doesn't tell us, how can RMI claim that the data is "micropower"?
According to data from Ventyx/Global Energy Decisions (NEI subscribes to their large energy database), the size of the average co-generating power plant in the U.S. is 54 MW. There are a total of 80 GW of co-generating capacity operating in the U.S. (same number reported in WADE's 2005 Survey on page 27). Of the 80 GW, only 3 GW are less than 10 MW in capacity. Based on just the U.S. data, the majority of the co-generating plants don't meet the size criteria of "micropower."
Distributed (decentralized) renewables are the other half of the definition of "micropower." The problem is that RMI's data includes centralized renewables. RMI's Excel spreadsheet shows that the world added 11,471 MW of wind capacity in 2005. According to page 35 of the 2006 WADE Survey (pdf), only 5 percent of this wind capacity is distributed:
On-site wind systems: according to the Global Wind Energy Council, 11,769 MW of wind capacity was installed around the world in 2005. WADE has assumed that about 5% of this is DE [decentralized energy] based, translating into 0.93 TWh based on an 18% load factor.
It seems RMI's own data doesn't meet its definition.
One more point. If "micropower" is supposedly turning in a "stunning performance," then it is clearly not happening in the U.S. The chart below shows how much and what type of power plant capacities have been added in the U.S. since 1950. The chart also shows the average plant size built each year.
If "micropower" is recently turning in a "stunning performance," then the average new plant size shouldn't be as high as it is. The average plant size for the U.S. should at least be down in the 20-40 MW range, but it isn't. The two times the U.S. has built a substantial amount of capacity during a short period of time also saw a scale up in the average plant size being built. RMI could argue that the rest of the world is flourishing with "micropower," but their data so far hasn't shown it.
The Virtue of Big Plants
From RMI's condensed version:
Indeed, over decades, negawatts and micropower can shoulder the entire burden of powering the economy.
The keywords are "can shoulder" a big economy. It doesn't mean the economy should be run by small plants. The fact is that big plants yield greater efficiencies and economies of scale than small plants. From page 59 in The Bottomless Well:
Bigger systems are easier to keep hot because they have less surface per unit of volume, and because they can be surrounded by materials like concrete and steel that can both contain and survive the heat. There is, of course, much more than that to engineering efficient power plants. But first and foremost, the rule is simple: bigger can be hotter, and hotter is more efficient. So, decade by decade through the first century of electricity, power plants grew bigger, and in so doing grew more efficient.
Amory Lovins and RMI proclaim the benefits of efficiency all the time. What is perplexing is why they would be against bigger plants considering bigger plants are more efficient than smaller plants.
Here are the numbers. According to data from Ventyx/Global Energy Decisions, of all U.S. cogeneration gas plants, those smaller than 100 MW have the lowest thermal efficiencies. Their average heat rate is about 11,600 Btus/kWh and their average thermal efficiency is 30.1 percent. Nearly one-quarter of the U.S.' gas plants are 100 MW or less and their average thermal efficiency is 29.3 percent (includes cogen and non-cogen plants). Thermal efficiencies dramatically improve for gas plants greater than 200 MW.
Nuclear plants average a 10,400 Btu/kWh heat rate which calculates into a 32.7 percent thermal efficiency. Newer and bigger nuclear plants are expected to operate at greater thermal efficiencies nearly matching today's combined cycle power plants. Mitsubishi's 1,700 MW Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor is designed to achieve a thermal efficiency of 39 percent. Westinghouse's AP1000 is designed for a 35.1 percent thermal efficiency. GE's ESBWR is designed for a 34.7 percent thermal efficiency. And AREVA's EPR is designed for a 36-37 percent thermal efficiency depending on site conditions.
From RMI:
Small, quickly built units are faster to deploy for a given total effect than a few big, slowly built units.
Well of course smaller plants can be built faster than larger plants. But how small are we talking about and is it practical?
As stated above, small supposedly means 10 MW or less. A new nuclear plant ranges from 1,100 MW to 1,700 MW. If we need 1,100 MW to meet demand, is it practical to build 110 small plants or just one big plant? If 1,110 MW was all that was needed, one could argue 110 small plants are practical. But 1,110 MW is not all that's needed.
According to EIA's Annual Energy Outlook 2008, the U.S. needs to build another 260,000 MW of capacity by 2030 to meet growing demand. It's not practical to meet that demand by building 26,000 small plants when we can build 260 large plants - especially since larger plants yield greater efficiencies in the first place.
Now this isn't to say small plants aren't worthwhile to build. The size of the plants needed depends largely on the market demands. But when a country operates about one million megawatts of capacity like the U.S., a lot of small plants simply are impractical to build. Especially when one large plant like a nuclear plant is small compared to the overall market it serves.
If economies of scale and greater efficiencies do not exist with bigger machines, then the wind industry would still be building kilowatt wind turbines instead of megawatt wind turbines. Contrary to what RMI believes, there is no one-size fits all solution.
Anonymous said...
If large power plants apparently have a high efficiency, how come that large, inflexible nuclear power plants only have an efficiency of 33% (not including distribution losses) and flexible, combined heat and power plant an overall efficiency of over 80%?
Why use the electricity generated in a large power plant to power wasteful electric heaters, when one can use the waste heat of a smaller plant directly?
Anonymous said...
How come the small, flexible 0.05 MW combustion engine in the Toyota Prius has a higher efficiency than a inflexible 1600 MW nuclear reactor?
Kirk Sorensen said...
My guess would be higher heat of combustion. Basic Carnot principles.
Anonymous said...
A CHP (combined heating power) plant does not produce electricity at 80% thermal efficiency. It just uses the waste heat to do things such as heat water. You cannot compare the "efficiency" of a CHP to a NPP: that's just misleading.
The prius will get an optimum of 30-35% thermal efficiency, that's nothing special of an internal combustion engine, especially one of such small displacement.
I will say that NPP efficiency is nothing special. Super critical coal plants achieve 45%. Natural gas combined cycles achieve 50%+.
Luke said...
"Combined heat and power" is simply referring to re-using the waste heat from any thermal engine, and thus increasing the overall energy conversion efficiency of the process.
You can apply that idea to any thermal engine using any heat source - natural gas for example, or coal, or a nuclear reactor - it doesn't matter.
It's just as feasible to, say, capture the waste heat from a nuclear heated Brayton cycle gas turbine in an organic


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PUNE: The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) will launch the third phase of its research project to check the feasibility of cloud seeding in the rain shadow areas of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, in mid-July. During the earlier phases, the IITM has gathered data on clouds and has carried out observations. The third phase will help identify rain-bearing clouds.
The programme, titled Cloud-Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX), will facilitate research work to check the types of clouds and suitability of cloud seeding for the peninsular areas. The programme was launched in 2009, but last year it could not take place due to delay in tendering process and other legal issues.
The third phase of the project will focus on cloud seeding assessment in the rain shadow regions. The programme will study ingredients inside clouds that are responsible for rainfall. As part of the experiment, a specially equipped airplane, carrying scientists, did sorties to collect primary information.
"Earlier we have been studying the clouds with the help of instruments either placed on the ground or placed in space (on satellites). But the current project helps us study cloud from inside," said J R Kulkarni, a senior scientist and coordinator of the project. "The focus will be on key uncertainties in aerosol distribution and rain formation processes. A series of questions regarding interaction between aerosol-cloud-precipitation will be addressed," he said.
Kulkarni said the study will be conducted during pre-monsoon, monsoon as well as post-monsoon periods. The main centre of the study will be in Hyderabad.


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System Requirements Windows 98/Me/NT/2000/XP


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Retrieving Details of a file:
In this article I'm trying to explain how to retrieve details of a file using C#.net code. This article will help you for fresher as well as for beginners.
Follow below steps to achieve your goal.
Create a project and then right click on solution explorer then choose Add->New Item and then choose Web Form and give a name for that as "Retrievedetails.aspx".
Once Web Form has been created successfully then design the page by dragging and dropping 1 label control and 1 button control and 2 textbox controls into that design view.
Once design part has been completed successfully then the source code looks becomes like below.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Retrievedetails.aspx.cs" Inherits="ASPnet_Retrievedetails" %>

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Posted by admin | Posted in Interactive Whiteboard, Knowledge (remember), Primary Elementary, Science, Secondary Elementary, Teacher Resources, Understand (describe, explain), Websites | Posted on 02-04-2012
What it is: The Office of Naval Research has a great interactive site filled with science and technology exploration for students. On the site, students can explore oceanography, space, and blow the ballast. Each section of the site has sub categories that let students narrow down their focus. The majority of the site is purely informational with accompanying images and short quizzes. My favorite portion of the site is the seasonal constellations. It really is the star of the site (no pun intended). The constellation interactive focuses on the constellations that can be viewed during each season. When students click on a season, they will see the constellations and options to show/hide the pictures, lines and names of the stars. The explanation of constellations and the seasonal impact on what students will see in the night sky is fantastic. In the Teacher's Corner, you will find great animations for each topic (space, oceanography, and submarines). These are fantastic visualizations of complex concepts made simple for students.
Please leave a comment and share how you are using Science and Technology Office of Naval Research in your classroom!


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Justin Winsor, (born Jan. 2, 1831, Boston, Mass., U.S.—died Oct. 22, 1897, Cambridge, Mass.), librarian who, as superintendent of the Boston Public Library (1868–77) and librarian of Harvard University (from 1877), came to be regarded as the leading figure of the library profession in the United States.
Winsor, a freelance writer in Boston, was appointed a trustee of that city's public library (1866) and then became its chief administrator, at first on a temporary basis. During his tenure of office he established numerous branch libraries in Boston. In 1876 he was a founder of the American Library Association and became its first president, serving until 1885 and again in 1897. Winsor also was a historian; he edited the Narrative and Critical History of America, 8 vol. (1884–89), and wrote several books.


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Birth Weights Linked to Leukemia Risk
Researchers have reported more evidence that both low and high birth weights may be linked to a risk of leukemia.
Writing in the International Journal of Cancer, researchers noted that high birth weight could be linked to an increased risk of leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Meanwhile both high and low birth weight may be linked to a higher incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
"There is a growing body of evidence indicating that childhood leukemia is initiated in utero," said Dr. Robert W. Caughey of the Harvard School of Public Health and Dr. Karin B. Michels of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.
Caughey and Michels gathered data from 32 studies to determine the relation between birth weights and overall childhood leukemia as well as ALL and AML.
The 32 studies involved 16,501 cases of overall leukemia, 10,974 cases of ALL, and 1832 cases of AML.
They found that a higher birth weight was linked to a 35 percent increase in risk of leukemia as well as a 23 percent increased risk of ALL and a 40 percent risk of AML.
The overall risk of leukemia increased by 1.18 with every 1000 gram birth weight increase, researchers told Reuters on Thursday.
"Our study supports the notion that childhood leukemia is likely to be initiated in utero," Michels said in an email interview with Reuters Health.
"Birth weight is a marker for events during pregnancy that may have affected the risk for leukemia in the offspring."
"It will be important to investigate which factors may operate in utero that affect leukemia risk," Michels said.
On The Net:


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soME questions for YOU
We are starting a new paradigm, Artificial Intelligence, and human thinking is the difference.
Emotional answers are the difference.
Your answers are the difference.
YOU are the difference.
Would you like to answer one of these questions?
YOU + AI = augmented intelligence
YOU x AI = new powers
YOU – AI = you >> [emotional thinking]
AI – YOU = a possible possibility
YOU : AI = delegate
AI : YOU = alienation
I will post more questions on this blog.


The Type of your Character Affects Healthy Weight Loss
Character is what distinguishes one person from one another. Analyst had difficulty in explaining lists of possible disorders, and all sorts of theories as to why every person develops into the person he or she becomes.
weight loss character
weight loss character
However, in the healthy weight loss arena, a person's character is describing more on how successful they are with any program they attempt. It may be impossible to change some part of your character, but you can offset the ones that get in your goal.
Lack of Confidence
How confident are you? Weight loss can't be achieved if you're not confident that you could do it. Remember that the way to weight loss success wouldn't be easy. So if, you think that it would be easy for you to lose weight then think again. There are many who had believed that they won't have trouble on losing weight. In the end, most of them failed.
Some people don't know that their confidence is enough to keep them going, but they all find out that it is not enough to achieve the body that they want. This is why, trainers provide some motivation when you are just starting out with the program.
Some believe that depression is responsible for being overweight. I think that it is true since depressed people often eat snacks. They don't know that they are eating too much until they woke up one day and realized how small their shirt is. It is clear that depression and eating too much work hand in hand for many who are overweight, but depression can be controlled through proper motivation, which in turn affects the ability to lose weight successfully.
Turn Character Flaws Into Healthy Weight Loss
First thing that you need to understand is that depression and lack of confidence come from the same place; failure. If you fail at something, your confidence falls, but it doesn't mean that you are a failure.
If you don't have the confidence that you could lose weight, it might be because you never taken any preparations for it. Confident people weren't born the way they are. They had failed before, but they keep doing it until they become successful.
You should not think of weight loss as a short time goal; it is a long time goal that aims to having a healthy lifestyle. This is why motivation, is needed in your routine when your just beginning to lose weight.
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Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment
RSU 64 provides a comprehensive curriculum for students in PreK through Grade 12. This curriculum is delivered by certified teachers who engage in the continuous monitoring and revision of the curriculum, and who employ current and appropriate instructional strategies key to curriculum implementation. It is the assessment process that provides teachers and administrators with valuable information about student learning, that can be used to provide the very best programs available to our students. Please use the menu to the right to access additional information regarding curriculum, instruction and assessment. If you have any further questions regarding what is taught, how it is taught, and how we assess students, or you would just like to engage in dialogue about these topics, please contact the Curriculum Coordinator at:
Danette Kerrigan
Superintendent's Office
118 Main Street
Corinth, ME 04427
_PHONE_


Top Definition
Fascinating intellectual breakthroughs regarding reality, language, existence, knowledge, perception, or human behavior which are completely unprovable and utterly without use, and therefore of no real consequence to anyone. See also: philosophy
Etymology: the mental counterpart to masturbation; i.e. a process that is very pleasurable but hasn't accomplished anything at the end.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that language influences human thought, so that native speakers of different languages think about concepts in incommensurably distinct modes. Linguists and psychologists contend fiercely over the validity of this claim, oblivious to the fact that it is intellectual masturbation.
by samd12345 August 04, 2007
speaking for the sole pleasure of listening to yourself and showing off your supposed intellectual and linguistic capacities.
John continually goes on about the merits of Times New Roman. He does so in a completely self-absorbed, disinterested tone.
John- (weary tone) "You simply can't comprehend the intrinsic value of Times New Roman font to our society and the way we decipher the world. There is evidently a plethora of ways it has effected our daily experiences."
Tim- "John, do cease your intellectual masturbation. It bores me to an umpteenth degree. My finely tuned ears were not designed for your incessant blabber."
by Harrisburg Dairies December 15, 2011
an activity or sport where the primary result is the actor feeling intellectually superior or abnormally arrogant for absolutely no reason. This can be achieved by wearing fancy clothing, using vocabulary that no one else would ever use, or using titles that make absolutely no sense.
Guy 1: Hey dude! How was that class debate?
Guy 2: It was freaking awesome. It was pure intellectual Masturbation.
by alexrider March 09, 2015
To engage in a passionate discussion with someone you are feicely sttracted to about a subject that fascinates the pair of you intensely, to the point at which one or both participants become sexually aroused.
S: "Human history is a series of revolutions of the modes of production"
J: "Mmm... Keep talking dialectics to me, I'm almost at full mast"
S: "Go play with your means of reproduction"
J: "This is some intense intellectual masturbation"
by Mr. Comrade August 17, 2015
Straining your thinking processes repeatedly until you hopefully find resolution in the form of an intellectual orgasm.
Wacking off theory after theory until you come to a head with a solution.
I've been working on this problem continually for some time, and my intellectual masturbation has finally led to resolution.
Jane: Did you get your homework finished?
Dick: I spent last night engaged in intellectual masturbation til I finally was satisfied. It really drained me.
by peckerwould April 25, 2010
Word used by stupid, narrow minded and superficial people to describe things that's hard for them to understand.
Billy: The Socratic Dialogues about Good and Justice are the product of intellectual masturbation.
Bob: But philosophy has put the basis of lawmaking and it's believed to be the mother of science, why do you use this derogatory term?
Billy: Uhh, whatever dude! I have more interesting things to do than listening to your bs! w00t! I am going to eat some salami and masturbate on some amateur porn! w00t!
by intdes April 25, 2010
Reading or hearing something one does not understand and dismissing it as useless, calling it "philosophy" as an insult, then falling for every media pronouncement and logical fallacy as being profound or meaningful.
Ayn: To love is to value.
Sam: Huh? You mean you have to pay for it? Philosophy sucks! That's just intellectual masturbation.
Nan: We have to pass the bill to find out what's in it.
Sam: Makes sense to me. That's deep.
by Patriot-X April 25, 2010
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Stefansson, Dr. Anderson and the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913–1918:
A Story of Exploration, Science and Sovereignty.
Mercury series, History paper no 56
Author: Stuart E. Jenness
Release date: April 2011
Impressive in its scope and scholarship, this book presents the first comprehensive and authoritative account of the storied Canadian Arctic Expedition and the personal animosity of its co-leaders: the intrepid explorer/ethnologist Vilhjalmur Stefansson and the respected scientist Rudolph Anderson.
The 440-page volume details the Expedition's successes and tragedies, including the discovery of islands never before mapped and the sinking of the flagship Karluk. After 90 years, all the elements of this important and compelling story have finally been woven into a single volume. It is long overdue. The book includes 84 illustrations and maps, several appendices, and a detailed bibliography.
The author is uniquely qualified to tell this story. His father was Diamond Jenness, a scientist on the Expedition, and he knew or met eight Expedition members, including both Stefansson and Dr. Anderson.


OmeCare: Personal Health Management at Your Fingertips
In a world where ubiquitous fitness trackers and numerous health-monitoring gadgets passively record our physical parameters—such as heart rate, calories burned, blood oxygen levels, etc.—yet provide little guidance for how to actually improve our physical well-being, OmeCare offers immeasurably more. Its proprietary app dietgene turns your smartphone into a proactive health management device packing a wealth of scientifically sound, highly usable, and actionable wellness and health management information and advice.
The app is in fact a professional tool that can be used by anyone who aspires to lead a healthier lifestyle. It is the result of some 10 years of research conducted by leading physicians, nutritionists, and scientists with the goal of creating a personalized nutritional plan for individuals based on each person's unique set of DNA data. The DNA-based lifestyle along with nutritional recommendations and tracking tools was issued a US patent. The precise nutrition and physical activity guidelines in dietgene are based on the DNA testing that OmeCare conducts by analyzing some 33,000 genetic markers. Competitors generally rely on a broader, though generic, set of DNA data—a template—whereas OmeCare opts for a narrower range of markers, zeroing in on delivering the most precise scientific advice for a healthier lifestyle. The journey begins once you get your DNA test results.
"Taking a DNA test is just the first step of many to unlock your genetic potential and improve your overall health," says Dr. Michael Nova, OmeCare's Chief Innovation Officer, and co-founder. "By designing health plans based on both your genetic makeup and your individual lifestyle, the dietgene app makes healthy living dynamic, and a higher standard of care possible," Nova adds. With the dietgene app, you can use the information in your results to customize your unique fitness and nutrition plan.
Dietgene incorporates personal genetic data, collected and analyzed by OmeCare, and generates nutrition reports that guide to a proper diet based on one's medical condition, habits, and blood test results. The integration of the blood test results into the genetic dataset provides a more complete and personalized action plan for a healthier lifestyle. Since the set of DNA data remains unchanged, the additional variable of a blood test makes the lifestyle and nutrition recommendations even more valid and precise.
"The app gives you a distribution of the nutrients—carbs, fats, etc.—you should be consuming according to your activity, your body needs, and medical conditions. The process is controlled by the company's proprietary AI which was created with a view to combining this data together in order to create those recommendations," further explains Dr. Nova of dietgene's algorithm.
What makes the dietgene recommendations all the more valuable, is the fact that OmeCare never recommends anything that was not peer-reviewed, double-checked, or approved by the responsible scientific community.


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Did you know?
Every year, 200,000 7th and 8th grade students take the SAT or ACT college entrance exams. The majority score as well as high school seniors, who are usually 4 or 5 years older. But the academically stronger members of that pool of 200,000 young test-takers (middle-school students) -- those who score at or above the average score for high school seniors -- are especially gifted. Those students can absorb a whole year's worth of high school in 3 weeks, researchers say. In fact, a few of the very highest scorers on the SAT, as middle-school students, can actually absorb a year's worth of high school in just a week and a half.*
Visit the website of Duke University's Talent Identification Program (click on TIP below) to find out how your child can take the SAT/ACT in 7th grade. The Explore Test, also offered through Duke, is available to 5th & 6th grade students and measures high-school readiness.
* The Templeton National Report on Acceleration
America's schools routinely avoid academic acceleration, the easiest and most effective way to help highly capable students. While the popular perception is that a child who skips a grade will be socially stunted, fifty years of research shows that moving bright students ahead often makes them happy.
For more information on acceleration, click on the book above, A Nation Deceived: How Schools Hold Back America's Brightest Students.


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The second commemorative coin to appear from the US Mint in 2004 was the 2004 Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Silver Dollar. The individual silver commemoratives were released on May 12, 2004, in both proof and uncirculated qualities.
Each silver dollar celebrates the "Corps of Discovery" which led Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark into the frontiers of the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. The Corps left on their expedition in 1804 and did not return to civilization until 1806.
The two year trek through the frontier led the Lewis and Clark expedition into many unknowns, including first contact with several Native American tribes and hundreds of never before seen species of flora and fauna. Its purpose was to record the resources acquired in the Louisiana Purchase — which doubled the land area of the United States — to find a possible Northwest Passage to the Pacific Coast.
Lewis and Clark Silver Dollar Information
Each Lewis and Clark Silver Dollar was struck to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the undertaking of the Corps of Discovery Expedition. Congress authorized the commemorative coins under the Lewis and Clark Expedition Bicentennial Commemorative Coin Act (Public Law 106-126) which was approved on December 6, 1999.
A maximum mintage of 500,000 commemorative coins were authorized by Congress. The uncirculated and proof silver dollars were sold individually and as part of two unique sets. One was the Limited Edition Lewis and Clark Coinage and Currency Set. The US Mint described it this way:
"An uncirculated Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Silver Dollar, a silver-plated bronze duplicate of the Jefferson Peace Medal, each of the two uncirculated 2004-dated nickels in the Westward Journey Nickel Series™, a 2004-dated uncirculated Golden Dollar depicting Sacagawea, and two insightful booklets written by archivists from the National Archives and Records Administration on the expedition and the Louisiana Purchase. In addition, the set includes a replica Series 1901 $10 "Bison" United States Note from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which bears the likenesses of Lewis and Clark on either side of a majestic bison, and three Lewis and Clark expedition stamps from the United States Postal Service."
The commemorative coins were also included as part of the Lewis and Clark Coin & Pouch Set. It consisted of a proof Lewis and Clark Silver Dollar in a handmade American Indian pouch and a certificate of authenticity.
Shown on the obverse of each Lewis and Clark Silver Dollar is an image of Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark as designed by US Mint sculptor/engraver Donna Weaver. Also seen on the obverse are the inscriptions LEWIS & CLARK BICENTENIALL, _PHONE_, 2004, LIBERTY and IN GOD WE TRUST.
The Lewis and Clark Silver Dollar reverse was also designed by Donna Weaver. It depicts two Indian feathers representing the many Native American nations encountered on the trip. It also contains an image of the Jefferson Peace Medal and 17 stars representing the 17 states in the Union in 1804. Included inscriptions are E PLURIBUN UNUM, ONE DOLLAR and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
A second commemorative coin was also issued by the Mint in 2004 known as the Thomas Edison Silver Dollar.
2004 Lewis and Clark Silver Dollar Specifications
|Composition:||90% silver, 10% copper|
|Total Estimated Mintage:||351,989 Proof, 142,015 Uncirculated|
|Minting Facility:||Philadelphia (P)|
|Obverse Design:||Image of Lewis and Clark|
|Obverse Designer:||Donna Weaver|
|Reverse Design:||Image of two feathers, Jefferson Peace Medal and Stars|
|Reverse Designer:||Donna Weaver|


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A range of geography educational games to support the teacher in the classroom. The coaching process is greatly assisted if teaching can inject a portion of fun into the lessons. The geography teaching resources include learning games and activities on natural features and topography demonstration kits. These show mountains; mountain, desert and rainforest formation; life in mountain, desert and rainforest environments. The Future of Mountains, Deserts, Rainforest Locations.
Geography Games; A Practical Way To Engage the Class.
Learning about the worlds resources play a key role in the adult lives of schoolchildren. Providing them with enthusiastic schooling through these teaching resources and science games can help to support the learning process – learning in disguise we call it. As climate changes the knowledge of our physical world will become ever more critical. The use of these educational games, developed to support the geography teacher, can bring some fun into the training process. If you need a teacher resource we don't list we will see if we can find it for you - just email us – _EMAIL_


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Understanding the need for tactfulness and passing it on to your kids are two different things.
The definition of tact is: "Acute sensitivity to what is proper and appropriate in dealing with others, including the ability to speak or act without offending."Â
I really didn't give this much thought until my girlfriend got her hair cut and asked my 9-year-old son how he liked it. He smiled his charming smile and said, "It's cute, but it makes your face look chubby."Â
I stood stunned. If I had the power to vanish into thin air, I would have done it. Luckily, the woman is a good friend, and she took the comment in stride.
It was a perfect opportunity for a lesson in tactfulness. The problem I faced is the fact that he was being truthful. The haircut did make her face look chubby, so the answer was honestâ€¦just not tactful. I needed to find a way to help him learn how to answer truthfully, but tactfully.Â
When we were home later that evening I brought it up. "How do you think Joy felt when you told her that her face looked chubby?"Â
He looked at me with wide blue eyes and was silent for a minute. "Probably not good," he finally said.Â
"Can you think of another way you could have answered that was honest but wouldn't hurt her feelings?"Â
His mouth pulled to the side in concentration. "I could have just said it was cute."Â
"But I liked her hair better before she cut it."Â
We talked more about it, and while we didn't have a perfect answer, I used the opportunity as a lesson in tactfulness.
To my surprise, he brought it up about a week later, and decided he should have just said it was cute, but he liked her hair more the other way.
The fact that he thought about it was encouraging. He may not know the definition of tact, but he is learning the meaning of tactfulness.Â
Photo credits: dbrekke


If you have completed your paramedic training, you may have wondered how a paramedic can become an RN. Paramedic-to-RN programs include several advanced medical courses to prepare fully-trained paramedics for a career in nursing. Some schools offer paramedic to RN "bridge" programs where the student can complete an accelerated educational program in order to receive their RN credentials. The transition from a paramedic to RN is relatively easy, because paramedics have already completed basic training and clinical work in areas of patient care and assessment, drug administration, ambulatory procedures and practices, and pharmacology amongst others.
How a Paramedic Can Become an RN
Paramedic to RN training programs award licensed paramedics with registered nurse (RN) credentials after they complete an associate's degree in nursing. Those who have an Associate of Science in Nursing are able to find work in hospitals, physician's offices, clinics, healthcare facilities and retirement homes.
Here's a breakdown of how a paramedic can become an RN:
1. Keep the paramedic license up to date. Paramedics need to take continuing education courses and refresher courses in order to maintain licensure
2. Enroll in an accredited paramedic to RN bridge program. Submit official transcripts and provide information about your GPA to a school that offers a paramedic to RN bridge program
3. Take courses in science and health care systems. Most paramedic to RN programs require students to take advanced courses in anatomy, physiology, microbiology, nursing care, patient care, health care systems, health and nutrition, and ethical issues in health care. The bulk of these courses focuses on health care systems and processes, physical and life sciences, and patient care concepts.
4. Complete lab work. Most paramedic-to-RN programs include a hands-on component where the student must complete courses in a nursing lab or successfully complete simulations on a computer or over the web.
5. Pass all tests and examinations. Students must maintain a certain GPA and pass all tests and examinations before they can be awarded their degree.
6. Take the NCLEX-RN nursing exam. This is a comprehensive exam that grants the student an official license to practice as a registered nurse.
7. Apply for voluntary credentials from a health care organization. RNs have the option to obtain additional credentials from health care organizations such as the American Nursing Credentialing Center in ambulatory care, or in a specialized area of health care such as pediatrics.
Completing a Paramedic to RN Program
If you are reviewing the requirements on how a paramedic can become an RN and are interested in advancing in your career, consider the following before you enroll in an accredited RN program:
 - RNs may have more job opportunities and attractive career prospects than paramedics as demand for RNs remains strong nationwide
 - You can continue your education by pursuing a bachelor's degree or master's degree in nursing or related field at a later date
 - Specializing in a certain area can help you advance your career and obtain a more attractive salary
 - Some paramedic to RN program courses may be completed online. These are a good option for students who prefer to study at their own pace, and for those who are working fullor part-time while they are in school


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Definition of Flowers of zinc
1. Noun. Oxide of zinc; a white powder used as a pigment or in cosmetics or glass or inks and in zinc ointment.
Generic synonyms: Oxide
Substance meronyms: Chinese White, Zinc White
Medical Definition of Flowers of zinc
Flowers Of Zinc Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Flowers Of Zinc Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Flowers Of Zinc
Literary usage of Flowers of zinc
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Monthly Magazine by Richard Phillips (1799)
"Though tlie flowers of zinc may contain fome oxygen, I have not been... But I did not find this to be the reluit of an attempt to revive flowers of zinc in..."
2. The Commercial Hand-book of Chemical Analysis; Or, Practical Instructions by Alphonse Normandy (1850)
"flowers of zinc.—See Oxyde of Zinc. FRANKINCENSE.—See Benzoin. FUMING SULPHURIC ACID.—See Sulphuric Acid of Nordhausen...."
3. Encyclopædia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and by Colin MacFarquhar, George Gleig (1797)
"... by Dr Hart at Leyden, the medical virtues of the flowers of zinc are... had continued fix days, fhe began to take the flowers of zinc,..."
4. A Treatise on Metallurgy: Comprising Mining, and General and Particular by Frederick Overman (1855)
"Pure oxide of zinc— flowers of zinc—consists of 81 parts of the metal, and 19 parts of oxygen, which in the native oxide is more or less mixed with other..."


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Useful links to help your writing
Learn to Write Intuitively
The difference between what you write when it comes from your heart and soul rather than your head is profound!
How do you do that? Get in touch and ask about when I will be running the next Writing & Healing Workshop in Southern Tasmania. If attending in-person isn't convenient, you can join an online Workshop.
Group numbers are small, as my goal is to work closely with you to guide you to heal what blocks your writing and assist you to write more intuitively.
Overt Outreach: Social Media Empowerment and Virtual Training for Authors
Author John Egreek is passionate about helping authors effectively market their books without having to sell their soul to pay for it!
Social Media Classes for Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn are continually being scheduled for 2019.
If you'd like to know about John's online social media training for authors, head over to:
Misspelt words can spoil your manuscript. Even the best writers and editors sometimes scratch their heads when it comes to spelling.
If you're not sure, go to:
Overuse of Words
Sometimes you use a word too much in your writing, but you just can't come up with a good alternative word. It doesn't get any easier than:
A common trap is beginning sentences with the word'so.' Use the CRFL + F function to find every instance of the word in your manuscript. Assess each sentence that begins with'so' and take it out where you can or change it for other appropriate words.


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Interview: Steven Holl
As the AR features Steven Holl's new building in China, Emmanuel Petit talks to the American architect about poetry, Wittgenstein and the futility of philosophy in a world of rapid change
EP: One of your most recent projects is a mixed-use urban building in Chengdu, the Sliced Porosity Block, in which you put architecture to the service of a series of urban ideas. I am curious to hear you articulate your thoughts about what constitutes a good human environment, how you create the ingredients of a 'micro-urbanism' in this project, and what your attitude is towards the Chinese City?
SH: There are 1.3 billion people in China, and right now, the country is going through the most radical transformation of its political, social and urban structure in its very long history. I never set foot in China until 2001. Before then, in Asia, I had only been to Japan (over 60 times for two of my projects), but never to China.
What fascinates me about China is that there is more poetry written in that culture than in all the other civilisations combined. The first book of poetry that was ever given to me was an anthology of Chinese poetry entitled The White Pony; and interestingly, its editor, Robert Payne, claimed that if you want to understand a people, you must first understand their poetry. That's how I started when I went to China.
My first project there was the Nanjing Sifang Art Museum, to be followed by the Linked Hybrid Towers in Beijing, then the Vanke Center or Horizontal Skyscraper in Shenzhen and the Porosity Block in Chengdu. Now, Chengdu is a city of 10 million people; it is thus bigger than almost all of our cities in the United States, but people here don't know about it. And our project is right next to the centre of Chengdu − it is a bit like what 5th Avenue and 60th Street would be in New York City.
I have written about urbanism and public space, and so my goal was to question the developer formula, according to which two towers − one residential and one office − sit on top of a flat shopping mall. We wanted to take their programme and use it to shape urban space.
So we moved all the volume to the perimeter and made a big public space in the middle; we did not want any blank walls where you meet the street, but insisted on a sense of porosity on the edges of the streets. We then broke a giant hole in every one of the main facades and inserted a smaller building inside them to mediate between the 32-storey buildings and the human scale. We carved a series of gigantic pieces out of the section and inserted smaller buildings in them − like for instance the history pavilion, where you can visit the history of the site. For the public space in the middle we activated the narrative of a poem by Du Fu from the year 745, and introduced the idea of three valleys, with their cascading fountains and green areas.
Many of my observations about urbanism are based on Greenwich Village, where I live and where you can walk in any direction and find cafés, restaurants and shops. The length of a New York City block is 200 feet, and it is important that the city allows you to cross through buildings or blocks every once in a while. The Manhattan grid is extremely effective this way.
In Chengdu, you can penetrate the block from many different entry points; each of them has a particular character.
EP: Your Chengdu project is based on the rationalist and traditional urban typology of a perimeter block, which is then, however, sliced by a series of expressive cuts which fragment the initial diagram.
I feel that one can extract from this double strategy your affinity with the rational architecture of Aldo Rossi, and, at the same time, with the abstract expressivity of Carlo Scarpa.
Rossi always reconfirms unchanging architectural type-form, while Scarpa never closes spatial figures and always opens form to alternative figures.
How does your architectural poetry relate to these seemingly incompatible sensibilities in architecture − to the strict and metaphysical poetry of Rossi, on the one hand, and the lyricism of Scarpa, on the other? It seems that John Hejduk should also be mentioned in this context of poetry; for him, architecture granted access to the realm of angels. Your poetry is more abstract and less mythifying …
SH: In the Porosity Block, the light does the slicing, and so does the building code. In fact the cuts assure that every part of the block and the context get maximum light exposure − which is regulated by the local building code.
But it is true that poetry is the most important part of my life. And I loved Aldo. We became friends; I met him in his studio in Milan around 1979. He was a poet. There is a sense of the ineffable in some of his early work. Just look at those black shadows in his drawings. But when I made a pilgrimage to his Gallaratese and his Modena cemetery projects, I was disappointed, because he cared more about his ideas than about the actual construction.
That is why Scarpa, to me, is ultimately more important. He was one of the great architects. There is a lot of emotional intensity in his work, and you can always go back to his architecture and see something new. He has a great sense of materiality and an understanding of detail vis-à-vis how things are made. And the tectonic joint is so important to Scarpa.
In the end, the real singing of the song has to come out in the movement of the body through the actual space. But there needs to be an idea which drives the design. I am on both sides of the fence that way. I think this is also evidenced in our Chengdu project. Certainly the best way to understand it is to experience the dynamic quality of the space.
And for sure Hejduk was an enormous influence − he was a great man. Poetry is at the heart of architecture. I was mesmerised by John; he was so important to me. Especially his Half-House and the Wall Houses: they were incredible things to me.
And Le Corbusier cannot go unmentioned. Especially his La Tourette monastery. I stayed there four times in some of the monk cells. I think it is his greatest work. I also like Ronchamp, and the church he did with José Oubrerie [Saint-Pierre in Firminy]: those three works contain the most subjective impulse of Le Corbusier. In those, you can see many dimensions, and there is always this ineffable space. I never tire of going back.
EP: Returning to the Porosity Block, the geometry of the exterior facade evokes the structure of your Simmons Hall project at MIT. What was the architectural intention behind the homogeneous appearance in both Cambridge and Chengdu? It seems like you are giving tectonics a modern upgrade.
SH: The Porosity Block is currently the largest exoskeletal loadbearing concrete structure in China. Its white coloration reflects the light and lights up the buildings at night.
But let's talk about tectonics. We hear that it is the end of tectonics because of digital fabrication. If you don't make anything larger than a boat that is probably true; the digital has supercharged things to the point where we can imagine enormous fabrications which have no joints and which are continuous and smooth.
But I am going to give you an example, and that is the Boeing Dreamliner. When they turned the fuselage of the Dreamliner into carbon fibre as a continuous piece − a brilliant breakthrough in aeronautical technology − the big problem came in the tectonic joints between the fuselage and the wings, and that is where they lost two and a half years in the production of the Dreamliner. As far as I am concerned, that proves that tectonics will never disappear.
We too are presently making six gigantic digitally-cut stones, where there are no working drawings; everything goes directly to a five-axis cutter in Lecce, Italy, and it will be delivered and installed in Milan.
There will have been no working drawings exchanged and there will have been no trips to the factory. That's going to be the future of architecture: we will eliminate working drawings, but we will not eliminate tectonics.
Holl Watercolour
Holl rejected conventional tower-andpodium groupings, submerging the ground floor levels to create pavement level space
EP: You describe yourself as a phenomenologist; you refer a lot to Maurice Merleau-Ponty − the philosopher who published Phenomenology of Perception in 1945. Can an architectural phenomenon ever speak for itself?
SH: No. I definitely believe in ideas driving a design, and that makes me different from the people who pretend to be phenomenologists. I am very different from them: you must have an idea to drive a design. I am much closer to Peter Eisenman or Zaha Hadid than I am to Zumthor. Le Corbusier always had an idea; and so did Louis Kahn. That's for me enormously important. I also believe that you don't need to know what that idea is to appreciate a building.
I agree with Ludwig Wittgenstein, when he said that there is no such thing as phenomenology, but only phenomenological questions. Wittgenstein said that ideas are like ladders: they get us to a platform, and when we


Castle Doctrine in California
In California, it is a common misconception that self-defense protections pertaining to a person's home extend beyond the home and onto the curtilage or onto the public property.
California law provides protections for the use of deadly force inside a person's residence that would otherwise be unavailable outside of the home. The law also provides a homeowner with a right to "stand your ground" inside your home, meaning that one does not have a duty to retreat from such threat, even if a safe retreat was possible. Legal protections within the home are often referred to as the "Castle Doctrine."
Let's examine how California law applies to the use of deadly force in a person's home.
What the Law Says
Unlike use of force in public, which is an affirmative defense a defendant may raise at trial after being charged with a criminal offense, California law goes one step further for home invasion matters and creates a presumption that a homeowner was in fear of death or great bodily injury in certain situations. As noted, California law does not require a person whose life is threatened within their residence to retreat from an intruder, even if that option is available.
A presumption under the law simply means unless the State proves otherwise, the presumption applies. That is called a "rebuttable presumption." Basically, the prosecution would have the burden of proof of negating the presumption. This is different from a law that provides immunity from prosecution for specific conduct.
If we break this statute down further, the law presumes a homeowner was reasonably afraid of death or great bodily injury if the following elements are present:
 - An intruder unlawfully or forcibly entered, or was in the process of entering, the defendant's home;
 - The defendant knew about the illegal/forced entry into the defendant's home;
 - The intruder was not a member of the defendant's household or family and/or had not been invited to enter; AND
 - The defendant used force, or was reasonably viewed as threatening to use force, likely to cause death or great bodily injury to the occupants inside the home.
Self-Defense Outside the Home
There are several important distinctions here that extend additional protections to incidents that occur inside the home versus in public. First, this law automatically creates a presumption that the resident was reasonably afraid of death or great bodily injury if the above criteria are met. This is different than California's affirmative defense that may be raised to defend against a charge involving the use of force in public, which requires the defendant to have a reasonable belief that he or she was in imminent danger, reasonably believed the immediate use of force was necessary, and used no more force than was reasonably necessary to defend.
Second, if a defendant is entitled to an instruction under Cal. Penal Code § 198.5, a prosecutor must overcome the presumption with sufficient evidence. This means that the prosecutor must prove that the defendant did not have a reasonable fear of imminent death or injury to himself or herself or to a member of his or her family or household, when he or she used force against the intruder because at least one of the above criteria was not true.
Additionally, note that California's Castle Doctrine creates a presumption of fear of death or great bodily injury only when an intruder enters a residence. "Enters" is the operative word here, meaning the protections provided under this statute do not extend beyond the physical walls of the home. If the intruder remains on your lawn, or just close by, but does not actually enter the home or attempt to enter, then the Castle Doctrine would not apply.
An Example: People v. Johnnie Brown
For example, in People v. Brown, 8 Cal.Rptr.2d 513 (Cal. App. 1992), a homeowner was convicted at trial of assault with a deadly weapon after he shot and injured an intruder who came upon the defendant's front porch, but did not actually "enter" the physical residence. The intruder raised a hammer into the air and was approaching the defendant on the front porch when defendant shot him in the leg. This case, again, shows that all cases involving a use of potentially deadly force are highly fact specific.
Upon being convicted, the defendant appealed. The California Court of Appeals for the Third District concluded the defendant was not entitled to a jury instruction under Cal. Penal Code § 198.5 because, "Although there was evidence that the victim's entry onto the defendant's front porch was unlawful and forcible, an entry onto a front porch…does not constitute entry into a residence as required…[U]nder these circumstances, a residential occupant does not have a reasonable expectation of protection from unauthorized intrusion onto the porch and thus an entry there does not entitle a defendant occupant to an instruction based on section 198.5. In this situation, the occupant is left with the standard instructions on self-defense." Again, this meant that the burden of establishing "self-defense" was on the defendant, and obviously the jury rejected his claim.
The Bottom Line
Deadly force should always be used as a last resort due to a perceived threat to your life or someone else's life that is both dire and immediate. Indeed, California requires as much. Even in the home, all incidents involving the use of deadly force will be thoroughly scrutinized based on the specific facts of each case. However, legal firearm owners in California should take some comfort in knowing that California law does recognize your home as your "castle" and extends additional protections to homeowners that use deadly force against intruders within their home. Again, even inside your castle, the use of force must be proportional to the nature and extent of the threat.
If you have any questions regarding gun laws or your rights, call U.S. LawShield and ask to speak with your Independent Program Attorney.


Rock glaciers crawl slowly down the slope
bohrloch murtél gletscher
At the International Conference on Permafrost in Potsdam, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer explained the PERMASENSE network. Boeholes in rock glaciers allow to collect data on the temperature of the entire bore and therefore to explain the downward motion of the glacier.
Article in planeterde (German)
Sabina Mächler


text:
The drag ball scene is fascinating subculture that illuminates themes of race, gender, and sexual orientation within society. Balls are competitions that consist of individuals, often drag queens, who perform different drag genres and categories. Drag refers to the practices of one gender dressing in the clothes typically worn by the opposite gender and often adopting the conventional mannerisms of that gender. Drag queens and kings develop a drag persona, adopting a drag name and cultivating their unique style and attitude; for example, Andre Mizrahi, member of the House of Mizrahi, uses his talent for choreography and fashion to become a voguing legacy on the ballroom floor.
Ball culture emerged in the 1920s in and around New York City. At their beginning, performers consisted mainly of white men putting on drag fashion shows. Black queens rarely participated, and when they did, they were expected to lighten their faces (Cunningham 1995). Fed up with the restrictive and racist ball culture, the queer black ball community established their own underground ball culture in the 1960s. Ball culture in the 1960s contained very few categories, with primarily queens portraying Las Vegas showgirls. However, New York's Stonewall Riots of the late 1960s, when queer people of color stood up to police, "changed self-perceptions within the subculture: from feeling guilty and apologetic to feelings of self-acceptance and pride" (Balzer 2005:114). The 1970s saw an expansion of ball participation as balls increased their numbers and types of categories to allow inclusivity and involvement of everyone (Paris is Burning 1990). Balls became a safe space for queer youth of color, mainly Blacks and Latinos/Latinas, to express themselves freely.
With this new realm of ball culture came the development of competition. The competitions consist of an entire language of concepts, categories, dances, and slang that are unique to the subculture (Phillips II, Peterson, Binson, Hidalgo, and Magnus 2011:517). Participants "walk" or "compete" on a stage or runway for prizes, displaying their outfit along with their persona for different categories. The performances consist of strutting, dancing, and spoken word. Performances are judged by one's fashion, appearance, and dancing. One common category is "Realness," where participants in drag are judged on their ability to "pass" as heterosexual males or females. Other common categories include business executive, best dressed, and butch queens in pumps. Not all performances consist of cross-dressing; a few common categories include females highlighting their femininity and males highlighting their masculinity. Voguing, the dance made famous by Madonna's hit song Vogue (1990), actually originated from ball culture in the 1980s. Voguing categories quickly became popular in the ball community. The dance utilizes stylized arm movements, sharp poses, and fast, low to the ground foot movements. Overall, "the spectrum of identities performed on the floor, and the craft and spectacle of the performances themselves, move to center stage the routine labor of self-presentation" (Herzog and Rollins 2012:10). Ball participants use their performances to communicate specific information about themselves to others. The balls create a welcoming, non-critical space for the queer community to construct their sense of self in their own hidden world free of the constraints that mainstream society puts on gender and sexual expression.
Ball culture consists of unique values, and social structures. In the 1960s, with the revitalization of ball culture, many of the participants could not openly express their sexuality and gender identity within their biological families. To fill this void, groups called "houses" or "families" emerged. Houses serve as many ball participants only source of family (Herzog and Rollins 2012:9). Many queer youth join balls at a young age, and sometimes live with their houses if they cannot safely live with their biological family. "These alternative families are led by "mothers," who are mostly butch queens (gay men) or femme queens (transgender women) or "fathers," who are mostly butch queens or butches (transgender men)" (Bailey 2011:367). Houseparents serve as the heads of the houses and are role models and mentors for their "children" (Bailey 2011:367). Children often take the surname of the house parent; for example Pepper LaBeija, a previous housemother of the House of LaBeija, changed her last name when she joined the house. The houses compete in balls together, developing a style of their own. Hierarchies both within houses and competitive realms exist; certain drag queens and houseparents are legacies and idols within the community. Pepper LaBeija says that ball fame "is as close to reality that [they] will get to fame and fortune" (Paris is Burning 1990). Becoming a legacy within the ball community is their ultimate fantasy (Paris is Burning 1990).
Ball Culture and Drag Today
Underground ball culture, while still prominent as a subculture, has also come into the mainstream eye through TV shows and drag clubs. The process of underground balls seeping into mainstream culture can be understood by examining the career of drag queen RuPaul. The Afro-American drag queen RuPaul is known for his award winning show, RuPaul's Drag Race, a reality competition searching for the next drag sensation. However, he began his drag career performing in the underground ball circuit and living with fellow homeless drag queens in New York City. However, in 1993 he captured the mainstream eye when his music video "Supermodel of the World" aired on MTV. This performance along with others, including Madonna's Vogue (1990), marked a change in style and behavior of drag, that helped lead to the increased popularity of drag performance (Balzer 2005:116). Drag catered to the mainstream eye, as clubs showcased drag queens performing (not competing) to the most popular pop songs of the time. During the late 1990s, drag performances gained international hype, as RuPaul became known as an international icon (Balzer 2005:111). Likewise, ball culture has spread all across the country; "Currently, there is a ballroom scene in almost every major city in North America" and there are over 100 active houses (Bailey 2011:368). While ball culture has become more popular throughout the world, it still primarily consists of disadvantaged groups and represents non-mainstream values; thus, it should not be considered post-subcultural: a theory posed by scholars suggesting that subcultures no longer differ from mainstream culture. For more information of post-subcultural thought see the page, What is a Subculture?
Gender and Sexuality Performance
Drag ball culture actively resists the dominating cultural norms of society. Participants in the community create a new space to directly challenge traditional gender roles and heteronormative identities. They use balls to express these restrictive categories and to reveal their abuse as transgender, gay, and minority groups. Houses provide a space for queer youth to feel supported (Bailey 2011). The balls resist these gender norms by gender-bending through both the outfits and the mannerisms of the queens and kings. For example, on the right is a picture of Pepper LaBeija, arguably the most well known queen of the Underground Harlem Drag Balls. Pepper uses the pronoun she, but primarily dresses "like a man" during her normal life. However, during the balls, Pepper defies traditional gender norms, wearing feminine clothing and makeup. The balls and houses provided safe spaces for people like Pepper LaBeija to express themselves through various types of gender performances that often deviate from dominant societal norms.
Resistance and Conformity
Drag ball culture both resists and conforms to gender and sexuality norms. The realness category shows how the participants work to perform certain roles, for example a straight business executive, so as to stay safe on the streets. They can be "real" with their queer identities within their community. However, they also practice "passing" as straight individuals during their performances. The realness category provides a space for queer individuals to practice conforming to traditional gender norms. Pictured to the left is the category Schoolboy Realness. Watch full video at: _URL_
Race and the Civil Rights Movement
Black-dominated underground ball culture emerged alongside the civil rights movement. However, many civil rights leaders condemned and attacked black queer culture. Leaders sought to suppress non-heteronormative behavior, as dominant white culture would better accept and integrate the black community if they fit the heterosexual narrative. This is an example of collective impression management. The African-American working class more openly accepted and showcased homosexual behavior compared to the black middle class. "Black homosexuals came to represent all the elements of African American working-class culture that civil rights leaders identified as obstacles to the attainment of citizenship. At the height of the movement for integration, black queerness was replaced in public discourse and popular culture by black heteronormativity" (Russell 2008:103). The polarity of the black community in regards to the civil rights movement and queerness created a persistent struggle for queer black Americans to fight for their rights as both black and queer individuals.
Page designed by: Rachel Buckner
Paris is Burning (Jennie Livingston 1990)
A popular documentary illustrating the lives of femme queens living in New York City participating in the ball circuit and ball houses.
Paris is Burning Realness
Clip from Paris is Burning on Realness
Vogue Knights: A Short Documentary on Ball Culture in Hell's Kitchen (2014)
A video of a contemporary ball


Prisoner Zero
Prisoner Zero
Prisoner Zero
First Seen In:
The Eleventh Hour
Day of the Moon
Prisoner Zero
Main Actor:
Olivia Colman
Main Voice Actor:
William Wilde
Other Actors:
Marcello Magni
Matt Smith
Caitlin Blackwood
Eden Monteath
Merin Monteath
click on images to enlarge
Prisoner Zero was a multi-form shape-shifting alien, held prisoner by the Atraxi for certain crimes. He escaped to Earth when the TARDIS explosion caused cracks throughout time and space, hiding in an extra room of Amelia Pond's home for twelve years until he was tricked into revealing himself by the freshly regenerated Eleventh Doctor and recaptured by his jailers to be executed. Before being taken away, he warned The Doctor against the Silence.
In 1996, Prisoner Zero was a captive in an Atraxi extra-dimensional prison. When a crack in the universe opened into Amelia Pond's bedroom wall, Prisoner Zero escaped through to Amelia's house in Leadworth. It hid in a room in Amelia's house, placing a perception filter on the room's door so it would not be found. It hid on Earth for twelve years, watching Amelia grow up. It sometimes ventured into the village, posing as comatose people in Royal Leadworth Hospital whom it had established a psychic link with, a process that took months. If the person it was copying was dreaming about having someone else with them, Prisoner Zero would appear to be multiple lifeforms touching each other. It was actually one creature with many limbs and orifices.
The forms it took were of comatose people. In 2008, Rory Williams, who worked at the hospital as a nurse, took pictures of them with his mobile phone, knowing the people he saw shouldn't be up and about. It was during this time that Prisoner Zero established a psychic link with Amelia (later Amy) Pond.
The Eleventh Doctor belatedly returned to Amelia's house to save her from the multi-form. After Amy had seen its natural form, Prisoner Zero took a shape-shifted form but was confused as to which voice to use for each form. The Atraxi, who had followed The Doctor, broadcasted a global warning that they would incinerate "the human residence", Earth, if Prisoner Zero did not surrender. After escaping from Prisoner Zero, The Doctor and Amy went into the village square, where residents of Leadworth were taking pictures of the Sun, obscured because the Atraxi had put a force field around the Earth. The Doctor noticed that Rory was facing the other way, taking a picture of Prisoner Zero, who was disguised as a man with a dog. The Doctor attempted to draw the Atraxi to Prisoner Zero by overloading all the electrical devices in the surrounding area with his extraterrestrial sonic screwdriver, but the screwdriver burnt out and Prisoner Zero escaped again.
Prisoner Zero went to the hospital and killed all The Doctors and nurses. It took the form of a woman with two children to fool Amy and Rory, but gave itself away by talking with the woman's voice through a child's mouth. It snarled at Amy and Rory and chased them down the corridors. The Doctor arrived through the window just in time, and revealed his master plan to Prisoner Zero.
Believing that surrender would mean execution, Prisoner Zero said it was prepared to die in flames with the whole planet. The Doctor suggested Prisoner Zero open another crack to escape, but Zero said the cracks were not its doing, but cracks in the skin of the universe. It taunted The Doctor about his lack of knowledge. "The Doctor in the TARDIS doesn't know." It added that "the Pandorica will open. Silence will fall". When cornered by The Doctor, who had given the Atraxi Prisoner Zero's location and pictures of all its previous disguises, it tried to avoid Atraxi detection by using a psychic connection with Amy to imitate her younger self and the Doctor. The Doctor thwarted this by stimulating Amy's recent memory of Prisoner Zero and forcing it to take on its own form. The Atraxi detected and secured Prisoner Zero, as it gave its final warning: "Silence, Doctor. Silence will fall". (The Eleventh Hour)
Much later, the Eleventh Doctor would later muse that while he foiled the mysterious plans of Prisoner Zero, he never actually learned what Prisoner Zero's plans were. (The Day of the Doctor)
 - In an issue of Doctor Who Magazine, Matt Smith and Karen Gillan referred to Prisoner Zero as a "Face Tendril". Steven Moffat also referred to it as such, as did the trading card.
 - Despite being the first villain of the Matt Smith era, Prisoner Zero wasn't seen in any trailers or publicity images.
 - Steven Moffat's DVD commentary on The Eleventh Hour reveals that there was originally a line of dialogue establishing that Prisoner Zero had impersonated an army and invaded a planet, but the line was cut. Moffat states that he was never quite happy with the explanation and it is better left to the imagination..
 Prisoner Zero's entire body in its true form is never seen, always trailing off-screen.
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 Series 5 Volume 1 DVD
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