text:
In October, over 80 cities came together in Montpellier, France to review implementation of the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (MUFPP). An increasing number of cities are signing the Pact (it has currently over 200 signatory cities), with 25 signing during the meeting.
This reflects a growing awareness of cities' potential role in tackling rising levels of malnutrition, a crisis of poor-quality diets that is the number one factor causing ill health in every country, particularly hitting those on low incomes and vulnerable urban populations. Sustainability of these food systems is also fundamental.
The issue could hardly be more critical – today, around 55% of the world's population is thought to be living in an urban area or city, with that figure set to rise to 68% over the coming decades. This makes cities pivotal to global efforts to tackle malnutrition.
A lot is already being done as highlighted by the Menu of actions to shape urban food environments for improved nutrition which was launched at the gathering. This reference document produced jointly by GAIN, the MUFPP and the RUAF Global Partnership, documents the wide variety of ways cities can, and are, improving nutrition e.g. through public procurement, taxation, better functioning value chains or improving transport in the city.
The Milan Pact is still young, having been finalised in October 2015, however there's clearly a wealth of experience seen in the diversity of local government and other people attending the meeting. The challenge now is to share these experiences (the good and the bad). Then other cities can adapt and build on these ideas without having to make the same mistakes and "reinvent the wheel".
In going forward, we need to address the following issues arising from the meeting.
Need for sharing actions and lessons learned
Documenting actions and lessons learned is essential to efficiently scale up actions to a much larger number of cities. The Menu of actions outlines over 70 case studies of actions undertaken by cities to change food systems in cities. Furthermore 104 applications explaining what city governments are doing to improve food systems, were submitted to the Pact for a Milan Pact Award with the winners announced at the meeting. However, there is still a real need for a dynamic space where further actions and lessons learned can be documented.
Another challenge is to evaluate what worked and what didn't when governments establish policies and programmes, particularly if we're to understand if there was a positive impact on the nutrition of people.
Making urban food and nutrition environmentally sustainable
The vital importance of integrating environmental sustainability into any food policy work was stressed. Healthier diets for an urban population need to be supported by urban food systems that are environmentally sustainable. We need less fragmentation and more coordination to drive the urban food and nutrition agenda forward in tandem with the environmental sustainability agenda. Notably, in the same week that the Montpellier meeting was held, the C40 network in Copenhagen discussed climate efforts that cities are undertaking.
As the Mayor of Quelimane, Mozambique put it, the challenge will be for cities and countries to ensure that city development follows a path of sustainability rather than one of industrialisation leading to overconsumption.
Linking urban food and nutrition policies to the SDGs
One way of ensuring that environmental sustainability and food and nutrition efforts are integrated is by linking them to the SDG framework. Good food and nutrition policies and governance have the potential to contribute to all SDGs.
For example, the city of Mezitli in Turkey (winner of this year's MUFPP Adversity Award) has set up female-led markets to support women producers in selling their fresh produce and other wares, successfully combining gender and economic empowerment, improving access to fresh food, reducing food loss through the resourcefulness of the women, breaking down social barriers and connecting rural and urban communities.
Multi-level governance of food and nutrition
A city-level focus is important but needs to be embedded in strong multi-level governance. Cities want to learn from each other – both at the national, regional, and global level. Several countries have networks of cities to support urban food and nutrition policies (examples include the UK, Netherlands and Italy), with cities from other countries expressing an interest in this model.
The outcomes of recent regional meetings in Africa, Latin America and Europe were also presented. These regional meetings provide a powerful platform for sharing experience in similar contexts and have the potential to bring cities together for a common voice at regional or global forums, such as the 2020 Global Nutrition Summit.
A unified approach: leaving no-one behind
A final observation is that we need to remember that undernutrition, both hunger and a lack of nutrients, remains a formidable challenge for cities, especially in lowand middle-income countries. While the rapid acceleration of overweight and obesity understandably feature prominently in the discussions on malnutrition, malnutrition needs to be combatted in all its forms.


From bronze!!!mips!!nih-csl! Wed Apr 29 11:14:39 EST 1992 Article: 2400 of Newsgroups: Path: bronze!!!mips!!nih-csl! From: (Wayne Rasband) Subject: NIH Image V1.44 Message-ID: <> Sender: (AMDS Postmaster) Organization: NIH Date: Wed, 29 Apr 1992 15:40:49 GMT Announcing NIH Image V1.44 ---------------------------------------- NIH Image V1.44, including documentation and source code, is now available by anonymous ftp from[], in the directory /pub/image. NIH Image is an image processing and analysis application for the Macintosh that is in the public domain. It has painting and image manipulation tools, a macro language, tools for measuring areas, distances and angles, and for counting things. It supports TIFF, PICT and PICS file formats. Using a frame grabber card, it can record sequences of images to be played back as a movie. It can invoke user-defined convolution matrix filters. It can import raw data in tab-delimited ASCII, or as 1 or 2-byte quantities. It also does histograms and even 3-D plots. It is limited to 8-bits/pixel, though the 8 bits map into a color lookup table. It runs on any Mac that has a 256-color screen and a FPU (or get the NonFPU version from --wayne rasband( NIH Image --------- NIH Image is a public domain program for the Macintosh for doing digital image processing and analysis. It can acquire, display, edit, enhance, analyze, print, and animate grayscale and color images. It reads and writes TIFF, PICT, PICS and MacPaint files It features multiple windows, MacPaint-like editing and 8 levels of magnification. It supports Data Translation and Scion frame grabber cards. Image requires at least 4MB of RAM and 8-bit video. The following files in the directory /pub/image contain NIH Image, documentation, source code, and example images. image1xx.hqx NIH Image 1.xx application image1xx_manual.hqx Documentation in Word 4.0 format image1xx_source.hqx Think Pascal 4.0 source image1xxNonFPU.hqx Version that does not require a floating-point chip images Directory with images in TIFF and PICT format image_spinoffs Extended or specialized versions of Image(directory) misc Directory containing miscellaneous related programs File Formats ------------ Files with the.hqx extension have been compressed and encoded into BinHex format using the Mac utility Stuffit 1.5.1. The BinHex protocol transforms binary Mac files to plain ASCII so they can reside on other computer systems and be transferred by email. BinHex files must be transferred to a Mac and decoded and uncompressed using Stuffit or some other Mac file compression utility. A copy of Stuffit 1.5.1 is in the directory /pub/util in MacBinary format. When transfering.hqx or.txt files with a utility like FTP or Kermit be sure to use 'ascii' mode, and when transfering.bin files use MacBinary mode. ColorImage(/pub/image/image_spinoffs) ------------------------------------- This is a beta version of ColorImage, which is NIH Image extended to acquire and segment color images from RGB sources. Giffer(/pub/image/misc) ----------------------- Giffer is a shareware program useful for converting from GIF to Pict format, and vis-versa. ImageFFT(/pub/image/image_spinoffs) ----------------------------------- ImageFFT is an extension to NIH Image to support frequency domain (power spectrum) display and editing. It can do a 512x512 FFT in 18 seconds on a Mac IIfx. ImageFractal(/pub/image/image_spinoffs) --------------------------------------- ImageFractal is a version of Image modified to compute the Fractal Index of objects by the Richardson Plot or the Tile-amalgamation methods. Image/MG(/pub/image/image_spinoffs) ----------------------------------- Image/MG is an extension of Image supporting quantitative evaluation of cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis. NCSA PalEdit(/pub/image/misc) ----------------------------- NCSA PalEdit is a public domain program from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications for creating and customizing color palettes. With PalEdit, you can modify the whole palette or individual entries in the palette, to create a set of colors tailored to your needs. PalEdit can save palettes in three formats that are compatible with NIH Image: PixelPaint, Canvas, and Klutz. PseudoFPU(/pub/util) -------------------- A utility that allows programs, such as NIH Image, which normally require a 68881/68882 Floating Point Unit, to work without one. Switch-A-Roo(/pub/util) ----------------------- Switch-A-Roo is a free Fkey that will allows you to rapidly switch between any two monitor depths settings(e.g. 8-bit color and 24-bit color) by pressing a few keys. LaboratoryToolbox(/pub/image/misc) ----------------- The Laboratory Toolbox is a Hypercard Stack which originated as a tool for teaching laboratory computing. It implements an object oriented "Laboratory Notebook" structure for the acquisition and management of sensor based data within a laboratory environment. Projectionist(/pub/image/misc) ------------------------------ Projectionist is a utility that allows you to animate stacks created by Image and saved in PICS format. Because all the frames in the stack do not need to be loaded into RAM, Projectionist requires less memory than image. This preliminary version uses the standard system palette, so stacks created with Image may lose some of their colors when animated with Projectionist. Fetch(/pub/util) ---------------- Fetch is a slick utility that allows networked Macs to transfer files over the Internet using the File Transfer Protocol(FTP). It does BinHex decoding and file decompression as the files are transferred.


The fiscal consequences of ADHD in Germany: a quantitative analysis based on differences in educational attainment and lifetime earnings
Nikolaos Kotsopoulos*, Mark P. Connolly, Esther Sobanski, Maarten J. Postma
*Bijbehorende auteur voor dit werk
OnderzoeksoutputAcademicpeer review
11 Citaten (Scopus)
Objective: To estimate the long-term fiscal consequences of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the German government and social insurance system based on differences in educational attainment and the resulting differences in lifetime earnings compared with non-ADHD cohorts.
Methods: Differences in educational attainment between ADHD and non-ADHD cohorts were linked to education-specific earnings data. Direct and indirect tax rates and social insurance contributions were linked to differences in lifetime, education-specific earnings to derive lost tax revenue in Germany associated with ADHD. For ADHD and non-ADHD cohorts we derived the age-specific discounted net taxes paid by deducting lifetime transfers from lifetime gross taxes paid.
Results: The lifetime net tax revenue for a non-ADHD individual was approximately 80,000 higher compared to an untreated ADHD individual. The fiscal burden of untreated ADHD, based on a cohort of n=31,844 born in 2010, was estimated at 2.5 billion in net tax revenue losses compared with an equally-sized non-ADHD cohort. ADIAD interventions providing a small improvement in educational attainment resulted in fiscal benefits from increases in lifetime tax gains.
Conclusions: ADHD results in long-term financial loss due to lower education attainment and lifetime reduced earnings and resulting lifetime taxes and social contributions paid. Investments in ADHD interventions allowing more children to achieve their educational potential may offer fiscal benefits generating a positive rate of return.
Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)27-33
Aantal pagina's7
TijdschriftJournal of Mental Health Policy and Economics
Nummer van het tijdschrift1
StatusPublished - mrt-2013
Citeer dit


Why do I see a form submit with no associated site visit on a timeline?
1) Cookie shared by two users
ActiveDEMAND tracks prospects in many ways. One way is using cookies. If someone loads a page, the tracking script stores a cookie on the visitor's computer via the browser. The base case today is that people do not share computers without logging out of the browser. More people are concerned about someone accessing their personal device than they are about having a cookie stored in their browser. Thus the tracking is quite good. Where it falls down is if someone shares their computer with someone else. Or if one person is filling out forms for multiple people. ActiveDEMAND will only allow one contact to own the session (sessions are not shared). Thus if someone fills out the same form for two different contacts, only one of the two contacts will 'own the session', the other will show a form submit with no web session.
2) Employee Suppression via 'owned IP addresses'
As more ActiveDEMAND users are marketers, clearly the marketer will do a lot of testing on assets. As ActiveDEMAND is very good at tracking, this poses a problem. Marketers testing will impact the marketing stats. Thus a user of ActiveDEMAND can choose to associate their IP address with the work they are doing. If a marketer clicks BLOCK MY IP on their user profile, ActiveDEMAND will assume all visits from that IP are the employee, thus it will suppress visit data etc from that employee to keep the ActiveDEMAND stats clean
How do I find the 'lost visit'?
Often the form submit will have an IP address on the timeline. You can search the drill down reports for this IP address. Another place to look is the employer of the contact that filled out the form. Are there other form submits by that company from that IP? Another trick is to look at the contact's Map. The form submit will show up on the map. Use the dashboard map, isolate the time range, search for other website visits or form submits on the map. Chances are high that one of those owns the session.
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text:
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
Convention Center, Exhibit Hall BC, Second Floor
One difficulty in the routine analysis of fine root diameter response to environmental stimuli is the lack of scanners with resolutions above 189 p mm-1 (4800 dpi). A 10% change in diameter of a 0.1 mm diameter root is 0.01 mm or 2 pixels at 189 p mm-1. Because of innate variability, images need to have a resolution that has a 4 pixel shift when a 10% change occurs (i.e. 378 p mm-1 or better). Some pasture grasses have fine roots in the 30 micron diameter range, requiring resolutions of 1324 p mm-1 or a relative pixel size of 0.8 micron. We have achieved a resolution of 1600 p mm-1 by coupling a computer controlled stepper motor X-Y-Z system to a Zeiss dissecting microscope and a 14 Mp digital camera. The system can be programmed to do image slicing, thus providing high resolution images of three-dimensional objects without depth of field artifacts.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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1909 December, DEGANIA (Eretz Israel)
The first kibbutz or collective colony was founded in Eretz Israel. Aaron David Gordon (_PHONE_), one of its founders, was considered to be the "Apostle" of the kibbutz movement. Each colony was independent and democratically governed. Membership was voluntary and all earnings and expenses were shared.


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Renowned artists of the Free State
Did you know?
One of South Africa's most famous artists, JH Pierneef, portrayed the rocky outcrops in the Eastern Free State in his painting 'Koppie at Fouriesburg'.
Renowned artists of the Free State have depicted the rural landscapes of the interior in numerous ways – watercolours, sculpture, etchings, photography and words.
The first artists were of course the San people, and they left behind an enormous wealth of rock art in caves and dwellings that can be found all over the Free State. The conflicts between the Boers, Basotho, Batswana, Griqua and the British also inspired many artists across South Africa to put palette to canvas.
Bloemfontein artist and lecturer Jaco Spies has put together a serious of animations that examine the theme of 'land is currency' in the Free State. Dahla Hulme, who lives in Rosendal, makes eccentric sculptures out of old farming implements and animal skulls. Also inspired by the rural setting, artist Willem Pretorius creates quirky cow sculptures out of metal and junk.
Free State artists also include John Edgar, an architect based in Ladybrand who depicts the elegant lines of the koppies and plains in fetching watercolour. Richard Letsatsi Bollers (from the West Indies) shares his knowledge and love of the land by teaching up-and-coming Thaba Nchu artists how to express the landscape in individual ways.
One of the greatest artists in the Free State was 'The Painting Priest', Father Frans Claerhout, a self-taught artist who was inspired by the colours and light in the area surrounding Tweedespruit.
Artworks of the Free State have fuelled the imaginations of many of South Africa's famous artists to express their appreciation of the territory and its history. Artist Willem Boshoff (whose family line is linked directly to the history of the concentration camps) created some hard-hitting visual narratives on the concentration camps. Photographer Santu Mofokeng continues to document the spirituality of the Free State in his 'Chasing Shadows' series of photographs. Zakes Mda, Antjie Krog and Sir Laurens van Der Post have all written about the Free State in their extensive works
Creative souls all over the country continue to be inspired by the limitless skies, changing landscapes and diverse cultures of the interior.
Travel tips & Planning info
Who to contact
Meerkatkolonie Gallery in Rosendal
Dahla Hulme and Michele Nigrini
Skoppelmaai Gallery in Rosendal
Tel: +27 (0)72 _PHONE_
Clarens Tourism Authority
Tel: +27 (0)58 _PHONE_
Smithfield Tourism information
Tel: +27 (0)51 _PHONE_
Parys Tourism Information
Tel: +27 (0)56 _PHONE_
Ficksburg Tourism Information
Tel: +27 (0)51 _PHONE_


Fun Games to Play With Your Husky
There are many fun games you can play with your Husky to keep them mentally stimulated.
In this guide, let's go through some great games you can play with your Husky as well as look at how each game stimulates your Husky.
Playing games with your Husky can help prevent destructive behavior such as digging holes or escaping your property.
Benefits of Playing With Your Husky
Huskies, like all dog breeds, love to play. Even though they are technically classified as 'working dogs', Huskies, like any other breed, enjoy playing games and spending time with others.
A Husky's curious and playful nature, coupled with extreme bursts of energy means that if they don't play, they quickly become bored.
This can lead them to destructive or negative behaviors to keep themselves entertained.
Husky digging hole
When a Husky starts escaping or digging up holes, it could be a sign of a lack of mental stimulation.
Playing games, either with humans or other pets, can ease that boredom, help them expel energy, and help strengthen any bonds they share with others.
If your Husky has been digging holes, check out this guide to deal with it properly.
What Games do Huskies Like to Play?
Huskies like to play all sorts of games that involve human/dog interaction or mental stimulation. Being an extremely energetic breed, they also enjoy games where they have the chance to run around or be active.
Huskies like to play games like tug-of-war, hide and seek, bubble chasey, and other games that involve running around.
Of course, every Husky is different, so it may take you a few failed games before you figure out what your Husky enjoys.
Husky running
For example, my Husky Sasha loves it when I chase her around the backyard. While she's obviously much faster than me and I could never catch her, she enjoys circling around and sprinting.
Once you find a game or two that your Husky loves, you'll find it easy to keep them mentally stimulated.
Let's go through a few games you can play with your Husky.
How to Play Tug-of-War With Your Husky
Tug-of-War is a great game to play with your Husky and is an easy way to incorporate some training into their routine.
Because of the rough-house nature of the game, some people misunderstand it and think that it encourages aggression.
But if you follow some simple rules, you will see that it is a fun game for all, that will improve overall fitness (for you and your Husky) and help enforce training commands.
Husky chew toy
Follow these steps to play Tug-of-War with your Husky:
 1. Hold out a tug toy to your Husky (check out recommended toys here) and tell them to take it (this is assuming you have already taught the 'take' command).
 2. Move the tug toy from side to side to keep their attention and make encouragement sounds when they 'tug back' to keep their interest and encourage them to continue. Make sure you hold on tight otherwise it won't be much of a game!
 3. After a little back and forth tugging, 'freeze' the game by stopping all movement. By doing this, the tug toy is effectively 'dead' and your Husky should lose interest. This is a great way to stimulate their prey and working drives without risk to smaller animals who may become victim to the game.
 4. Tell your Husky to drop the toy and give them a food reward when they do so. This enforces the obedience training and impulse control and keeps your Husky's mind stimulated. If they know that they will be rewarded for such behavior, they are more likely to listen to and obey the command.
 5. Pick up the toy immediately and tell your Husky to sit so that they can recover from the excitement of the game and reward.
 6. Once your Husky is calm, you can continue the game by repeating the above steps. Gradually delay the food reward for dropping the tug toy as the game progresses, and eventually faze it out, giving verbal encouragement instead.
For this game to be successful, there are a few things that you should note.
Be aware that only you should initiate this game. If your Husky wants to play Tug-of-War and is instigating it (in that way that only Husky's can), take note that they're interested but do not engage.
Wait until they have 'lost interest' before starting a game. This will press the point that you are the one in charge and that the game will only happen if you want it to.
The point of doing this is to prevent your Husky from thinking it's okay to start tugging at anything you're holding. You want your Husky to learn that this game can only be played at certain times.
Also, make them aware that any contact with your skin will mean the end of the game. If this happens, you need to walk away with the tug toy to show your Husky that the game is over. The only thing your Husky should come into contact with during this game is the tug toy.
Husky tug of war game
On ending the game, always make sure you take the toy with you. The tug toy is only for playing Tug-of-War and is not an 'everyday' toy. Only bring it out when playing this game with your Husky.
Can You Play Tug-of-War With a Puppy?
While most Huskies will enjoy playing this game, it is probably best to wait until your Husky is at least one year old before introducing this game to them.
Their bodies will still be growing and developing, and you don't want to risk hurting them (or putting unnecessary pressure on their teeth) at this age.
Younger Huskies will also have less knowledge of the commands involved, so it might be better to wait until they are a bit older to play this game.
How to Make a Fun Agility Course for Your Husky
You've probably seen videos of dogs that have been trained to run obstacle coursescompeting to finish the course in the best time and with as few mistakes as possible.
These competitions often involve a lot of dedication and commitment from both trainers and dogs to achieve the best results possible.
But this can also be a fun game for your Husky if you have the space and a little bit of time and patience. You don't even need to buy any equipmentyou can just use items you find lying around the house or yard.
This game is great for mental stimulation and expelling excess energy, and the course possibilities are endlesscheck out some videos for inspiration on how to turn your household items into a fun agility course for your Husky.
Here are some household items that can be used for different tasks:
 - Logs, sticks, PVC pipes, or broom handles can be used to jump over.
 - Hula hoops can be used to jump through (as long as you can find one big enough!)
 - Washing baskets can be used to jump over
 - Old doors or planks of wood can be used as ramps (make sure they are sturdy so that they don't collapse underneath your Husky)
 - Small cones or upside-down bowls can be used to weave between
 - Garden chairs or tables can be used to jump onto
Of course, if you're really serious about the game, you can always buy tunnels for your Husky to run through, or ready-made hurdles for them to jump over. There are a lot of items available to purchase.
Be aware that if you're taking the homemade option, you are careful that there are no sharp edges on the items you use. You don't want your Husky to injure themselves if they don't clear a jump properly, or if they fall onto a piece of equipment.
Once you've set up your course, you need to work through it with your Husky so they can learn how to complete it.
The best way to do this is to lead by example, walking through the course with your Husky so they can see exactly what is involved to complete it. Use treats as a way of leading them through each stage and reward them with the treat at the end of each section.
It is best to work through the course in stages, rather than all at once, as this makes it much more manageable to succeed without losing the interest of your Husky. Once they have mastered the course in this way a few times, see how they go with the whole thing.
It might take a little while, and there will be plenty of mistakes, but the end result (when they can complete the course successfully) will make it well worth it.
Of course, not all Huskies will be interested in a full agility course. The below video shows the challenges of training a Husky to focus on an agility course.
But you may find that even a simple agility prop is enough to stimulate your Husky.
How to Play Hide-and-Seek With Your Husky
Hide-and-Seek is an easy game to play that tests the problem-solving abilities of your Husky and is a lot of fun at the same time.
There are two variations to this game: you can hide a special toy or treat for your Husky to find, or you can hide and see how clever your Husky is at locating you.
Playing Hide-and-Seek with a toy or treat:
 1. Show your Husky the toy or treat. Allow them to sniff it so that they can recognize it. This works even better with a beloved toy or favorite treat because they will want to play with it


text:
Can you construct an equilateral triangle? Assume each line has length 2.
Then bi-sect one of the angles (or lines)?
I.e. bi-sect the equilateral triangle?
Which of the lines can now be AD, because it has length root 3?
And then which end of it is best as A, in order to find B?
Actually... that requires a straight edge.
Ok then, with your compass mark a unit length from one end, A, then one further from the mark.
From the two marks, a point having distance of unit length from both.
How far is the new (third) mark from A? (Think, angles at a diameter.)
Mark a point, D, that same distance from A.
Yes, much simpler.
Compass point at A opened out to B, obtain a point C (on BA extended), so that CA=AB=1, CB=2 units.
Compass point at C opened out to B, draw a semi-circle.
Keep the same radius and draw a semi-circle centre B intersecting the last semi-circle (the one with centre C), at D'.
D' will be at a distance root 3 from A, so simply scribe the distance AD' onto the line AB to obtain the point D.
The proof of the result can be seen either from Pythagoras in the triangle CAD' or by making use of the intersecting chords theorem.


Pennsylvania remains in the midst of an incredible natural gas boom, with dozens of companies flocking to its Marcellus Shale basin and giving the state — and the country — an economic jolt.
But a hydrocarbon frenzy in Pennsylvania is not without precedent.
153 years ago today, a hard-up wildcatter named Edwin Drake drilled the country's first oil well.
But while the event itself was momentous, Drake's life remained tragic throughout.
For the first decade of his adult life, he held odd jobs, according to Penn State's Urja Davé. His first wife died in child birth. Eventually he landed a gig with the New York and New Haven railroad but was eventually forced to retire when he became ill with muscular neuralgia.
Up until 1859, oil had been gathered by collecting whatever had seeped through to the surface — known drilling methods were deemed too dangerous.
Still, everyone knew that Pennsylvania had enormous potential.
Eventually, a group of chemists, lawyers, and others formed the first oil company in the United States, the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company of New York, Davé writes. The company hired Drake "due to the sheer coincidence that he was out of work and staying at the same hotel as the founders of the company."
Apparently frustrated with the methods at hand, Drake realized that if he could grind down the rocks before simply drilling through them, he could better access whatever flowed up from the ground.
On Saturday, August 27, 1859, Smith's drill bit smashed through a rock ledge 75-feet deep. It then slipped another eight inches into a dirt crevice.
According to Kendall F. Haven, at this point the sun was setting and work halted.
The next morning, Drake discovered an enormous pool of oil covering the ground around the well, "as if the derrick was rising from the middle of a quiet, black lake," Haven writes. "By noon on Monday, every container he could find was filled with oil — tubs, empty whiskey barrels, troughs and jugs."
"Western Pennsylvania produced half of the world's oil until the East Texas oil boom in 1901."
Tragically, Drake failed to patent his method, and Seneca Oil had already laid him off.
Drake dug just two more wells, and by the 1870s, they'd stopped producing.
For a brief time, Drake became a Justice of the Peace in 1860 but poor health again scuttled his work. Eventually, Davé says, "The caring residents of Titusville started a collection for him in 1870 and convinced the General Assembly in 1873 to provide Drake's family with an annual pension of $1,500."
Drake died in Bethlehem, PA in 1880, and was later moved to Titusville, where he remains today. In 1902, a Standard Oil Executive built a statue of Drake at his burial site.


text:
Distilled Water, 1.5L
Many mechanics and car owners use tap water to top off the battery. This can lower performance and shorten battery life due to water impurities that upset the normal battery function.
Battery manufacturers recommend distilled water for better performance and longer battery life. Distilled water is water from which salts and minerals have been removed. Water from faucets, lakes and wells usually has dissolved minerals and salts. These minerals and salts affect the chemical action in the battery.
The battery works harder to maintain its charge and does not operate as efficiently. When the battery works harder, its internal temperature may get hotter while the battery is working. This causes more evaporation and requires more water. Distilled water ensures the correct battery chemical properties are maintained.
- De-ionised water for use in batteries
- Less than one part per million total dissolved solids

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sunday, February 3, 2013
Samantha Joel, Caitlin Burton & Jason Plaks
Journal of Personality, forthcoming
Objective: The present work examined whether conservatives and liberals differ in their anticipation of their own emotional reactions to negative events.
Methods: In two studies, participants imagined experiencing positive or negative outcomes in domains that do not directly concern politics. In Study 1, 190 American participants recruited online (64 male; Mage = 32 years) anticipated their emotional responses to romantic relationship outcomes. In Study 2, 97 Canadian undergraduate students (26 male; Mage = 21 years) reported on their anticipated and experienced emotional responses to academic outcomes.
Results: In both studies, more conservative participants predicted they would feel stronger negative emotions following negative outcomes than did more liberal participants. Furthermore, a longitudinal follow-up of Study 2 participants revealed that more conservative participants actually felt worse than more liberal participants after receiving a lower-than-desired exam grade. These effects remained even when controlling for the Big 5 traits, prevention focus, and attachment style (Study 1), and optimism (Study 2).
Conclusions: We discuss how the relationship between political orientation and anticipated affect likely contributes to differences between conservatives and liberals in styles of decision and policy choices.
Catalina Toma & Jeffrey Hancock
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, forthcoming
Social network sites, such as Facebook, have acquired an unprecedented following, yet it is unknown what makes them so attractive to users. Here we propose that these sites' popularity can be understood through the fulfillment of ego needs. We use self-affirmation theory to hypothesize why and when people spend time on their online profiles. Study 1 shows that Facebook profiles are self-affirming in the sense of satisfying users' need for self-worth and self-integrity. Study 2 shows that Facebook users gravitate toward their online profiles after receiving a blow to the ego, in an unconscious effort to repair their perceptions of self-worth. In addition to illuminating some of the psychological factors that underlie Facebook use, the results provide an important extension to self-affirmation theory by clarifying how self-affirmation operates in people's everyday environments.
Stefano Bartolini, Ennio Bilancini & Maurizio Pugno
Social Indicators Research, February 2013, Pages _PHONE_
During the last 30 years US citizens experienced, on average, a decline in reported happiness, social connections, and confidence in institutions. We show that a remarkable portion of the decrease in happiness is predicted by the decline in social connections and confidence in institutions. We carry out our investigation in three steps. First, we run a happiness regression that includes various indicators of social connections and confidence in institutions, alongside with own income, reference income, and the usual socio-demographic controls. We find that indicators of social connections and confidence in institutions are positively and significantly correlated with happiness. Second, we investigate the evolution of social connections and confidence in institutions over time, finding that they generally show a declining trend. Third, we calculate the variation in happiness over time as predicted by each of its statistically significant correlates, finding that the decrease in happiness is mainly predicted by the decline in social connections and by the growth in reference income. More precisely, the sum of the negative changes in happiness predicted by the reduction in social connections and the increase in reference income more than offsets the positive change predicted by the growth of household income. Also, the reduction in happiness predicted by the decline in confidence in institutions is non-negligible, although substantially smaller than the one predicted by either social connections or reference income.
Mark Anderson, Resul Cesur & Erdal Tekin
NBER Working Paper, December 2012
While the contemporaneous association between mental health problems and criminal behavior has been explored in the literature, the long-term consequences of such problems, depression in particular, have received much less attention. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examine the effect of depression during adolescence on the probability of engaging in a number of criminal behaviors later in life. In our analysis, we control for a rich set of individual, family, and neighborhood level factors to account for conditions that may be correlated with both childhood depression and adult criminality. One novelty in our approach is the estimation of school and sibling fixed effects models to account for unobserved heterogeneity at the neighborhood and family levels. Furthermore, we exploit the longitudinal nature of our data set to account for baseline differences in criminal behavior. We find little evidence that adolescent depression predicts the likelihood of engaging in violent crime or the selling of illicit drugs. However, our empirical estimates show that adolescents who suffer from depression face an increased probability of engaging in property crime. Our estimates imply that the lower-bound economic cost of property crime associated with adolescent depression is about 219 million dollars annually.
Bonnie White, Caroline Horwath & Tamlin Conner
British Journal of Health Psychology, forthcoming
Objectives: Prior research has focused on the association between negative affect and eating behaviour, often utilizing laboratory or cross-sectional study designs. These studies have inherent limitations, and the association between positive affect and eating behaviour remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the bidirectional relationships between daily negative and positive affective experiences and food consumption in a naturalistic setting among healthy young adults.
Design: Daily diary study across 21 days (microlongitudinal, correlational design).
Methods: A total of 281 young adults with a mean age of 19.9 (±1.2) years completed an Internet-based daily diary for 21 consecutive days. Each day they reported their negative and positive affect, and their consumption of five specific foods. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to test same-day associations between daily affect and food consumption, and next-day (lagged) associations to determine directionality. Moderating effects of BMI and gender were also examined in exploratory analyses.
Results: Analyses of same-day within-person associations revealed that on days when young adults experienced greater positive affect, they reported eating more servings of fruit (p =.002) and vegetables (p <.001). Results of lagged analysis showed that fruits and vegetables predicted improvements in positive affect the next day, suggesting that healthy foods were driving affective experiences and not vice versa. Meaningful changes in positive affect were observed with the daily consumption of approximately 7-8 servings of fruit or vegetables.
Conclusions: Eating fruit and vegetables may promote emotional well-being among healthy young adults.
Andreas Kappes & Andra Schikowski
Cognition & Emotion, forthcoming
Implicit theories of emotion - assumptions about whether emotions are fixed (entity theory) or malleable (incremental theory) - have previously been shown to influence affective outcomes over time. We examined whether implicit theories of emotion also relate to the immediate regulation of negative affect. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that the more students endorsed an entity theory of emotion, the more discomfort they reported while watching an aversive movie clip, the more they avoided affective stimuli in this movie clip, the more negative affect they reported after the clip, and the less likely they were to watch the same clip again to learn about its ending. These findings suggest that implicit theories of emotion might produce poor affective outcomes immediately as well as over time. They also offer insight into why some people avoid negative affect while others confront it.
Özlem Ayduk et al.
Social Psychological and Personality Science, forthcoming
Negative social feedback is often a source of distress. However, self-verification theory provides the counterintuitive explanation that negative feedback leads to less distress when it is consistent with chronic self-views. Drawing from this work, the present study examined the impact of receiving self-verifying feedback on outcomes largely neglected in prior research: implicit responses (i.e., physiological reactivity, facial expressions) that are difficult to consciously regulate and downstream behavioral outcomes. In two experiments, participants received either positive or negative feedback from interviewers during a speech task. Regardless of self-views, positive compared to negative feedback elicited lower self-reported negative affect. Implicit responses to negative feedback, however, depended on chronic self-views with more negative self-views associated with lower blood pressure reactivity, lower facial negativity, and enhanced creativity. These findings point at the role self-verification may play in long-term coping and stress regulation.
Yuna Ferguson & Kennon Sheldon
Journal of Positive Psychology, January/February 2013, Pages 23-33
Does the explicit attempt to be happier facilitate or obstruct the actual experience of happiness? Two experiments investigated this question using listening to positive music as a happiness-inducing activity. Study 1 showed that participants assigned to try to boost their mood while listening to 12 min of music reported higher positive mood compared to participants who simply listened to music without attempting to alter mood. However, this effect was qualified by the predicted interaction: the music had to be positively valenced (i.e. Copland, not Stravinsky). In Study 2, participants who were instructed to intentionally try to become happier (vs. not trying) reported higher increases in subjective happiness after listening to positively valenced music during five separate lab visits over a two-week period. These studies demonstrate that listening to positive music may be an effective way to improve happiness, particularly when it is combined with an intention to become happier.
Allison Milner, Andrew Page & Anthony LaMontagne
PLoS ONE, January 2013
Purpose: There have been a number of reviews on the association+ between unemployment and suicide, but none have investigated how this relationship is influenced by duration of unemployment.
Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of those studies that assessed duration of unemployment as a risk factor for suicide. Studies considered as eligible for inclusion were population-based cohort


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Sometimes you get bored with the way the bash prompt looks like and you want to customize it by adding some useful features or changing colors. The default Bash prompt usually ends with a dollar sign $. Bash itself will show its major and minor version (\s-\v\$), for example, bash-3.00$. Most Linux distributions redefine the prompt to include additional information, such as your current login and computer, which is useful when you're moving between accounts and computers. In order to customize the bash prompt we need to modify the $PS1 and $PS2 environment variables by our desire.
Bash will use the value of the $PS1 variable for your main prompt. If you include variable names in the string, Bash will substitute the value of the variables into your prompt. Bash has a PS2 (prompt string 2) variable, which is the prompt for incomplete command lines such as when you use a multiline quotation. By default, this prompt is a greater-than sign (>).


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Women should not be the only ones reading aloud to children. Fathers, uncles, grandfathers, male family friends, and other guys should be involved too. First, why should women have all the fun of reading aloud? Second, taking time to read aloud to children is one more way for dads to show that children matter to them. Third, dads want boys to see that reading and spending time with children are things that dads do.
Dads can select books that they loved as children. They can select books that have all the favorite male themes that want to use to enhance their children's emotional and social development. Sports biographies and dramas are all perfect opportunities for dads to show children what they love to read about. The sky is the limit.
Dad reminder: You can start to read to your kids at ANY age. It's fun for the kids and dad. It really is a dad duty!
- George Jacobs, Ph.D. and Wan Loh Inn, Ed.D.
Dr. George Jacobs, Ph.D. and Dr. Wan Loh Inn, Ed.D. are the authors of many books (including "The Read Aloud Guide", textbooks for teachers and students, curriculum guides, and children's storybooks).
If we teach a child to read yet develop not the taste for reading, all our teaching is for naught. We shall have produced a nation of 'illiterates' -- who know how to read, but do not read. The major purpose for teaching children to read is to help them become readers who readily turn to books for information and enjoyment. - Charlotte Huck
Find out more about reading aloud to your kids.


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This Envisat image features the Galapagos Islands, an archipelago situated some 1,000 km to the west of Ecuador in the Pacific Ocean. Galapagos's largest island is Isabela (visible). The five volcanoes seen on the island are (from north to south): Wolf Volcano, Darwin Volcano, Alcedo Volcano, Sierra Negra Volcano and Cerro Azul Volcano. The bigger island to the right of Isabela is Santiago Island.
The image was obtained by combining three Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) acquisitions (March 23, 2006, Aug. 14, 2008 and Jan. 1, 2009) taken over the same area. The colors in the image result from variations in the surface that occurred between acquisitions. Apart from mapping changes on the land surface, radar data can also be used to determine sea surface parameters like wind speed, wind direction and wave height. Different wave types and wind speeds are visible in the image as ripples on the water surface.


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18 TCP Redirect: tcp^ via Channels
The net/tcp-redirect library provides a function for directing some TCP port numbers to use buffered channels instead of the TCP support from racket/tcp.
Returns a unit that implements tcp^. For port numbers not listed in port-numbers, the unit's implementations are the racket/tcp implementations.
For the port numbers listed in port-numbers and for connections to "127.0.0.1", the unit's implementation does not use TCP connections, but instead uses internal buffered channels. Such channels behave exactly as TCP listeners and ports.


Seaweed Toothpaste Could Be The Answer To America's Disgusting, Rotting Teeth
seaweed toothpaste
In America, just about half of us brush our teeth twice a day–and yet 20% still have untreated cavities. Part of that is because millions of Americans don't have access to affordable dental care, but there's also another culprit: crappy toothpaste that doesn't really get the job done. But researchers at Newcastle University in the UK think they may have found the magic, missing ingredient that we need to cut down on tooth decay: seaweed!
The researchers were initially studying the enzymes in seaweed to see if they could help clean ships. But what they found is a much more practical, everyday use: Seaweed toothpaste.
Seaweed, it seems, manages to do what regular toothpaste can't do, which is act preventatively. See, plaque builds up when bacteria on your teeth die (yeah, sorry, it's pretty gross), and can get way down in the cracks and dents and other tight spaces on and between teeth. Which means even if you brush your teeth several times a day, every single day, and you floss, and you even occasionally use mouthwash, you may still be missing bacteria, which can lead to plaque, which can lead to tooth decay. A better solution? Keep the plaque from building up in the first place, by wiping out the bacteria. That's where the seaweed comes in.
Think of it like this: Imagine your mouth is your apartment, and you have a new puppy (bacteria) that always pees on the floor (that's the plaque in this metaphor). Now, you could just clean up the puppy mess every time it goes, which is what your toothpaste does, or you could actually train the little monster to hold it until you can take him outside, so there's no more pee on the floor. That's what the seaweed does–it keeps bacteria at bay, so there's less plaque to begin with. Or at least, that's what the scientists at Newcastle have proposed. Here's what Dr Nick Jakubovics, of Newcastle's school of dental sciences, said in a press release.
Plaque on your teeth is made up of bacteria which join together to colonise an area in a bid to push out any potential competitors…Traditional toothpastes work by scrubbing off the plaque containing the bacteria – but that's not always effective – which is why people who religiously clean their teeth can still develop cavities.
Seaweed derivatives are already sometimes found in toothpaste, as a thickening agent, but so far, the enzymes haven't really been a focus. Could preventing decay with seaweed really be the next frontier or dentistry? It's a pretty sustainable resource, so long as the ocean it's drawn from isn't full of mercury and other crap, and it's pretty inexpensive.
What do you think? Would you use seaweed toothpaste if it tasted totally normal and kept your teeth in way better shape?
Image: Leonid and Anna Dedukh via Shutterstock
Share This Post:
 - Julie
 Yes! Buy me some!
 Also, ironically enough, I just had my teeth professionally cleaned yesterday. We talked about all of this, sans the seaweed. But I'm going to tell her next time. Thanks!
 - George
 Where is the research that clearly shows that seaweed is better?


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Highly electronegative hyperhalogens will have applications in many industries
An international team of researchers has discovered a new class of highly electronegative chemical species called hyperhalogens, which use superhalogens as building blocks around a metal atom. The new chemical species may have application in many industries.
Researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University, McNeese State University in Lake Charles, La., and the University of Konstanz in Germany report their discovery in the Oct. 6 international chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition. The journal designated the paper as "very important," recognition granted to only 5 percent of papers it receives.
Chlorine is one of the elements called halogens, a group that includes fluorine, bromine, and iodine. These chemicals are known for their disinfecting and deodorizing power and are also used in some medications and industrial processes. Researchers say that hyperhalogens could be useful in industries where large amounts of halogens are now needed to make cleaning or decontamination products.
Chemists and physicists such as Puru Jena, Ph.D., distinguished professor of physics at VCU, know halogens for their reactivity, a characteristic that makes the halogen elements want to bond with another element or a compound by taking one electron. Chlorine, for example, likes being paired with sodium to make table salt. Sodium wants to give away an electron and chlorine wants to take that electron in what Jena calls "a perfect marriage."
"Halogens only need one electron to reach their happy state," said Jena. "They're much more stable as a negative ion than as a neutral atom."
Once the atom takes an electron and becomes a stable, negative ion, the energy it gains is measured by its electron affinity. In chemistry's periodic table, chlorine has the highest electron affinity, measured at 3.6 electron volts, or eV.
One area of Jena's research focuses on finding ways to make new classes of compounds with large electron affinities.
In 1962, English chemist Neil Bartlett found that platinum hexafluoride reacts with xenon to make a noble gas compound. Scientists were surprised because xenon was one of the stable or "noble" gases that rarely react with other elements. A dozen years later, two Soviet scientists, Gennady Gutsev and Alexander Boldyrev, showed that a larger class of molecules with a metal atom at the center surrounded by halogen atoms, similar to platinum hexafluoride, possesses electron affinities larger than that of chlorine. They termed these molecules "superhalogens."
"For example, you could take a sodium atom and a chlorine atom to make a sodium chloride molecule and then attach a second chlorine atom. That compound would then want another electron because of the extra chlorine," Jena said. "All of a sudden, the electron affinity, which is the characteristic we're after, becomes almost a factor of two larger than that of the chlorine atom. It becomes a superhalogen."
Superhalogens have similar, improved properties as halogens, Jena said.
Jena, together with Anil Kandalam, Ph.D., assistant professor at McNeese State University, theorized that they could push the electron affinity of a cluster or a molecule even higher, by using superhalogens as building blocks, instead of halogens, around a metal atom. The theoretical model was tested through experimental studies led by Gerd F. Ganteför, Ph.D., at the University of Konstanz. They termed these species with unusually large electron affinities as "hyperhalogens."
"We used gold as the metal and surrounded it with two boron-dioxide superhalogens and got a hyperhalogen with an even greater electron affinity," Jena said.
The team's synergistic approach involving theory and experiment produced a gold-borate hyperhalogen with an electron affinity of 5.7 eV. The team now is testing a hyperhalogen constructed with four boron-dioxide superhalogens and have reached an electron affinity of 7 eV, with a goal of building a hyperhalogen with 10 eV. These new hyperhalogens may lead to additional discoveries of novel chemicals, Jena said.
The theoretical investigations for the project were conducted by Jena and graduate student Mary Willis at VCU, along with Kandalam. The experimental work was conducted by Ganteför and graduate student Matthias Götz at the University of Konstanz.
The work was supported in part by the federal Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Department of Energy.
The Institute of Nanotechnology puts significant effort into ensuring that the information provided on its news pages is accurate and up-to-date. However, we cannot guarantee absolute accuracy. Consequently, the Institute of Nanotechnology disclaims any and all responsibility for inaccuracy, omission or any kind of deficiency in relation to the news items and articles hosted herein.
- 17 May 2013NanoSustain Factsheet and Case Studies
- 16 May 2013Making Gold Green: New Non-Toxic Method for Mining Gold
- 13 May 2013Cold atoms for quantum technology
- 02 May 2013Quantum information: Computing with a single nuclear spin in silicon
- 30 April 2013LESL launches start up challenge to celebrate 25th anniversary
- View All


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5 Ways to Prepare Your Home for Winter in Maine
Winter season is upon us. Temperatures are steadily dropping, days are shortening and nights are growing longer. Winter is a remarkable time in Maine. However, without proper preparations, it can be cruel. From winter storms to freezing rain to snow to sleet and so much more…
Here are 5 ways to adequately prepare your home for winter in Maine.
 1. Prevent frozen pipes
All pipes in your home are highly susceptible to freezing in extremely cold weather. Therefore, insulate your water lines with insulation specifically designed for plumbing, to protect your water pipes from getting frozen overnight. Similarly, disconnect any outdoor hoses and drains and completely close all outdoor faucets.
Although, if your pipes get frozen, make sure there is someone who knows how to completely stop water flow to prevent further damage to your home. Contact your plumber or insurance immediately for further information on how to proceed. Be cautious of potential electric shocks in and around standing water.
 1. Thoroughly clean drains and gutters
Blocked drains and gutters are harmful to your home's roofing system due to the possible leaks. As such, it is always helpful to sweep away all the leaves, dirt and twigs from your drainage system as well as your roof. Likewise, pour water through the downspouts to ascertain they are in good working conditions.
 1. Weather-strip your windows and doors
A lot of heat in your home is lost through the cracks and gaps around your doors and windows. Check your home for drafts by holding a lit candle along your doors and windows. If the flame flickers, then you have a draft. Add weather stripping to such doors and windows to seal air leaks in your home.
 1. Ensure your heating system is up and running
Before the winter season begins, it is always best to ensure your heating system is working in optimum conditions. Similarly, schedule a mid-season check-up with your licensed plumber to ensure it continues to work efficiently, minimizes the risk of it emitting deadly carbon monoxide fumes, and saves you money in the long run.
 1. Prepare your lawn
Most lawns are often neglected during winter. For a healthy lawn, ensure your grass is regularly mowed until when it cannot grow anymore. Rake the leaves in your compound as well as the grass clippings to provide the maximum sun exposure of the grass. Also, remember to mulch around your plants and trees to guard them against freezing and exposure to harsh weather.
'Prevention is better than cure.' Take the time to implement these five steps and protect your home from the winter storms, cold rain, snow, sleet, and many other dangerous weather conditions. You will be saving yourself a whole lot of trouble as well as hard-earned money.


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First, ok-to-good question. Definitely not a bad question. To answer it, you just have to know what a shader is and why you need one.
A shader is exactly what it sounds like - it "shades" vertices and pixels different colors. "Shading" isn't just "making it darker" (as the technical artistic term means I believe), it's application of textures, lighting, and everything else that gives a vertex it's final color.
"Shading" often makes the most sense if you think about some light source. You can't really have toon shading without a light source. You have to have light (and an angle to the light) to know how to shade an object in that light. And that's the job of the shader.
So, now you have a vertex/pixel shader that will do toon shading in Blender. Great. Why do you need to know HLSL if you can make a toon shader in Blender?
If Blender exports HLSL code that you can plug into XNA, then you don't need to write the HLSL yourself. You are correct. You wouldn't need to hear about, see, or touch HLSL code if Blender exports it for you. But I'm not sure if Blender can do that.
So if Blender does not HLSL shading code, then you need to write a toon shader in HLSL because all you'd get is the model and vertices and their respective solid colors, but you wouldn't get "how it should look at every single angle and under every possible light source" right - that needs to be computed at runtime (by a shader).


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Helping Students Discover Total Internal Reflection
This activity has benefited from input through a review and suggestion process.
This activity has benefited from input from faculty educators beyond the author through a review and suggestion process as a part of an activity development workshop. Workshop participants were provided with a set of criteria against which they evaluated each others' activities. For information about the criteria used for this review, see _URL_
This page first made public: Sep 14, 2007
This material was originally developed through comPADRE
as part of its collaboration with the SERC Pedagogic Service.
- Snell's Law
- under what circumstances total internal reflection occurs
Context for Use
Time required: about 15 minutes
Special equipment: Snell's law apparatus
Description and Teaching Materials
- Before class, set up the refraction tank. (Several popular choices of refraction tanks are listed in the references and resources section below.)
- In class, introduce Snell's law in whatever favorite way you have.
- Give the students a simple problem to solve, such as the one in the box below, involving the materials of your refraction tank.
A beam of light is incident in water and strikes an air-water interface at an incident angle of 15 degrees. What is the angle of refraction?
[The answer is 20 degrees.]
- After the students have solved the problem, lead what should hopefully be a brief discussion of the solution. If necessary, have the students direct you while you solve it on the board.
- Show the class the situation from the problem you just solved with the refraction tank so that they see the answer is indeed correct.
- Give them another problem to solve where the result is going to be greater than 90 degrees, such as A beam of light is incident in water and strikes an air-water interface at an incident angle of 50 degrees. What is the angle of refraction?The students find themselves trying to take the inverse sine of a number greater than 1, which is impossible.
- Ask the students for some possible explanations for why this might be. Hopefully someone will volunteer the idea that since the index of refraction of the water is greater than that of the air, that the light will make a great angle with the normal in air than in the water. In this case, the angle would be greater than 90 degrees, which seems to indicate that the light will not pass into the air.
- Show them the situation with the refraction tank and have them observe that the light is totally internally reflected.
Teaching Notes and Tips
References and Resources
There are a number of different brands of refraction tanks available. The two links below give you an idea of the basic apparatus. Choose one that will be appropriate for the size of classroom you have.
The Science Fair, item 997-1, _URL_
Arbor Scientific, item P2-7090, _URL_


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Front Page Titles (by Subject) 19th Century Utilitarians
School of Thought: 19th Century Utilitarians
The Utilitarians were 19th century British political theorists and journalists who believed that the principle which should govern the actions of government is that which will produce "the greatest happiness of the greatest number" of people. The founder of the school was Jeremy Bentham (the school is thus sometimes called the "Benthamites"), who greatly influenced James Mill, the father of John Stuart Mill. Within classical liberalism there was a split between the supporters of natural rights and the utilitarians with the latter eventually becoming the dominant force. The school of English radical Individualists continued to support a natural rights approach but they became the minority by the end of the 19thC.
For more information see;
4 People in this Group:


Evaluation of friction and roughness of three different nickel-titanium wires
Admin Dental Press
Edition V19N01 | Year 2020 | Editorial Original Article | Pages 72 to 78
Marcio Rodrigues de ALMEIDA, Juliana de Brito VASCONCELOS, Joseli Santos de Almeida GIUNCO, Renato Rodrigues de ALMEIDA, Alcides GONINI JUNIOR e Murilo Baena LOPES.
Objective: To evaluate the friction force and surface roughness of three different nickel-titanium wires. Material and Methods: Three different wires of the same thickness 0.016" x 0.022" were evaluated: Flexy Blue-Ti Superelastic NiTi (Orthometric, Marília/SP, Brazil); NiTi Superelastic Black (Ortho-Organizers, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and NiTi Thermal Smart (Orthometric, Marília/SP, Brazil). For each type, 10 samples of 30mm each were tested. The wires were adapted in a self-ligating lower incisor bracket, fixed in a PVC connector with acrylic resin in two different angulations (0o and 5o) simulating different clinical situations. The friction force was evaluated in a universal test machine (EMIC) and a rugosimeter was used to evaluate surface roughness. To verify the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied, and for comparison between the groups, the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test, adopting a level of significance of 0.05. Results: Blue-Ti wire showed lower friction (0.065 MPa), followed by NiTi Black wire (0.174 MPa) and Thermoactivated NiTi wire (0.244 MPa). When the surface roughness was evaluated, less roughness was found in NiTi Black wire (0.254 Ra), followed by Blue-Ti (0,269 Ra) and NiTi-thermo (0.358 Ra), without, however, presenting a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The super-elastic Blue-Ti wire presented less friction at both angulations (0o and 5o). There was no difference between the different wires analyzed, regarding surface roughness.
Friction, Orthodontic wires, Mechanical phenomena,
Almeida MR, Vasconcelos JB, Giunco JSA, Almeida RR, Gonini Junior A, Lopes MB. Avaliação do atrito e da rugosidade de três diferentes arcos de níquel-titânio. Rev Clín Ortod Dental Press. 2020 Fev-Mar;19(1):72-8.
Related articles


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You have probably noticed students who make fossilized errors without realising what the concept is. It refers to an error that is made so often that it has become a natural part of the person's speech.
There are a number of factors that contribute to the phenomenon. One is over-generalisation of rules; for example the addition of "s" in the third person singular present. It is easy for students to remember I come, we come, they come. Students can forget to add the "s" to "he comes" because they over-generalise the rule and apply it to all the verb forms.
Another factor is the constant use of false friends. For example, in French "sympathique" means nice when referring to a person. In English, the word "sympathetic" has a different meaning. If French students are not corrected in their use of the word sympathetic, they can believe they are using it correctly. Regular use of the word in the wrong context without correction leads to a fossilized error. This concept can also be seen in the use of the present perfect. Many languages have a tense that resembles the form of the present perfect, i.e. has / have and the past participle. However, most languages use this tense in different ways to English.
The way to deal with fossilised errors is to raise the students' awareness of the error and to re-teach the language point. The teacher also needs to be aware of the error. If teachers are immersed in the culture of the country they are in, they are less likely to notice the error. There are so many things to think about when teaching and the error seems so natural, it is easy to let it slip by. When students are aware of the error and the teacher has checked they understand the language point, correction is needed each time the error is made. It can take a long time to redress a fossilized error; so patience and good-humour are needed. Of course, the easiest way to deal with them is by prevention. Try to correct the error before it becomes entrenched.


As anyone who has been to New New Trails recently will realize Rowan's latest passion in the animal kingdom is birds (hence the fact we are currently the proud owners of 2 geese, 3 guinea fowl, 6 chickens and 15 ducks).
In the past few months he has spent hours pouring over the bird pages of his animal encyclopedia committing to memory the names, territories and eating habits of every type of bird imaginable. He and his Dad have developed many new games around this interest including my personal favorite - the hook a duck game - where Rowan pretends to retrieve certain species of duck for his Dad (a game that can go on for hours).
It was therefore only fitting that we spent much of our trip to the UK observing birds at the various zoos that we went to as well as making special trips to wetland centers and bird houses. However the highlight of our bird related activities was a trip to a Bird of Prey Centre in Stirlingshire, Scotland. Rowan was fascinated by the different birds of prey (which included eagles, owls and buzzards) and spent hours watching them sitting nobly on their perches watching him right back. He was a little unsure about holding one of the birds himself but was very keen for me to do so and so once again through Rowan I was able to live out a dream of mine - holding one of these majestic birds.


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Waterfowl GPS Observations in North America from 2015 to 2023 for Custom Wildlife Report Example for Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge
To effectively manage species and habitats at multiple scales, land managers require rapid information on wildlife use of managed areas and responses to landscape conditions and management actions. Global positioning system (GPS) tracking studies of wildlife are particularly informative to species ecology, habitat use, and conservation. Combining GPS data with administrative data, would more comprehensively inform how animals interact with and utilize habitats and ecosystems. Our goal was to create a conceptual model for a system that would accomplish this - the 'Automated Interactive Monitoring System (AIMS) for Wildlife'. Our first objective was to develop a Customized Wildlife Report (CWR) - the first AIMS for Wildlife deliverable product. To do this we compiled an 8-year GPS tracking dataset avifauna. This dataset is intended to be used to recreate the Custom Wildlife Report Example for Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge for 2017.
Lorenz, A.A., Overton, C.T., McDuie, F., and Casazza, M.L., 2023, Custom wildlife report example for Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge 1.0.0.: U.S. Geological Survey software release, _URL_
These data support the following publication:
Casazza, M.L., Lorenz, A.A., Overton, C.T., Matchett, E.L., Mott, A.L., Mackell, D.A. and McDuie, F., 2023. AIMS for wildlife: Developing an automated interactive monitoring system to integrate real-time movement and environmental data for true adaptive management. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, p.118636. _URL_
|Waterfowl GPS Observations in North America from 2015 to 2023 for Custom Wildlife Report Example for Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge
|Austen A Lorenz, Cory T Overton, Fiona P Mcduie, Michael L Casazza
|USGS Digital Object Identifier Catalog
|Western Ecological Research Center - Headquarters


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new-acid-mine-drainage: Acid mine drainage (AMD) plagues mining operations the world over. It is considered by many to be one of the greatest environmental threats in South Africa today, occurring at a time when a looming water crisis already poses a threat to clean, accessible water for the country's population.
Inherent within the process of disturbing the earth's crust and digging ever-deeper for precious metals is the inevitable after-effect of debris making its way back into the environment through the air and water. AMD occurs through natural run-off after rains flush through a mine dump; from mine companies disposing of the water used in their operations; or from old, disused mine shafts filling up with water, eventually decanting above ground. It high in sulfates (salts) and heavy metals (such as uranium and other toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals), and bears a low pH, the marker of acidity.
South Africa is the heart of Africa's gold mining operation. Communities countrywide are threatened with AMD as, disused mine shafts fill up with water, current operations leak their refuse, and tailings stemming from mine dumps blow into the air, making their way into waterways and lungs.
While the problem is not unique to South Africa, the country's long history of mining, matched with a poorly enforced regulations and a virgin environmental movement, means that mine waste is left largely unaddressed. Many of the major mining houses have pocketed profits and packed up, leaving a slow-acting government to clean up their mess. As a result, the country is facing a crisis of phenomenal proportions. On windy days patches of the historic city of Soweto are covered in white and yellow mine dust from dumps surrounding the township. Both the Cradle of Humankind, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the city of Johannesburg are threatened with rising acid mine water, which could eat through the historic caves and central buildings. Some of the country's largest and most important waterways, such as the Vaal Dam, are already feeling the impacts of unmitigated and uncontrolled mine waste.


OleGetClipboard function
Retrieves a data object that you can use to access the contents of the clipboard.
HRESULT OleGetClipboard(
 _Out_ LPDATAOBJECT *ppDataObj
ppDataObj [out]
Address of IDataObject pointer variable that receives the interface pointer to the clipboard data object.
Return value
This function returns S_OK on success. Other possible values include the following.
Return codeDescription
The OpenClipboard function used within OleFlushClipboard failed.
The CloseClipboard function used within OleFlushClipboard failed.
Caution Clipboard data is not trusted. Parse the data carefully before using it in your application.
If you are writing an application that can accept data from the clipboard, call the OleGetClipboard function to get a pointer to the IDataObject interface that you can use to retrieve the contents of the clipboard.
OleGetClipboard handles three cases:
 - The application that placed data on the clipboard with the OleSetClipboard function is still running.
 - The application that placed data on the clipboard with the OleSetClipboard function has subsequently called the OleFlushClipboard function.
 - There is data from a non-OLE application on the clipboard.
In the first case, the clipboard data object returned by OleGetClipboard may forward calls as necessary to the original data object placed on the clipboard and, thus, can potentially make RPC calls.
In the second case, OLE creates a default data object and returns it to the user. Because the data on the clipboard originated from an OleSetClipboard call, the OLE-provided data object contains more accurate information about the type of data on the clipboard. In particular, the original medium (TYMED) on which the data was offered is known. Thus, if a data-source application offers a particular clipboard format, for example cfFOO, on a storage object and calls the OleFlushClipboard function, the storage object is copied into memory and the hglobal memory handle is put on the clipboard. Then, when the OleGetClipboard function creates its default data object, the hglobal from the clipboard again becomes an IStorage object. Furthermore, the FORMATETC enumerator and the IDataObject::QueryGetData method would all correctly indicate that the original clipboard format (cfFOO) is again available on a TYMED_ISTORAGE.
In the third case, OLE still creates a default data object, but there is no special information about the data in the clipboard formats (particularly for application-defined Clipboard formats). Thus, if an hGlobal-based storage medium were put on the clipboard directly by a call to the SetClipboardData function, the FORMATETC enumerator and the IDataObject::QueryGetData method would not indicate that the data was available on a storage medium. A call to the IDataObject::GetData method for TYMED_ISTORAGE would succeed, however. Because of these limitations, it is strongly recommended that OLE-aware applications interact with the clipboard using the OLE clipboard functions.
The clipboard data object created by the OleGetClipboard function has a fairly extensive IDataObject implementation. The OLE-provided data object can convert OLE 1 clipboard format data into the representation expected by an OLE 2 caller. Also, any structured data is available on any structured or flat medium, and any flat data is available on any flat medium. However, GDI objects (such as metafiles and bitmaps) are only available on their respective mediums.
Note that the tymed member of the FORMATETC structure used in the FORMATETC enumerator contains the union of supported mediums. Applications looking for specific information (such as whether CF_TEXT is available on TYMED_HGLOBAL) should do the appropriate bitmasking when checking this value.
If you call the OleGetClipboard function, you should only hold on to the returned IDataObject for a very short time. It consumes resources in the application that offered it.
Minimum supported client
Windows 2000 Professional [desktop apps only]
Minimum supported server
Windows 2000 Server [desktop apps only]
See also
Community Additions
© 2015 Microsoft


text:
DISKLESS(8) BSD System Manager's Manual DISKLESS(8)
diskless - booting a system over the network
The ability to boot a machine over the network is useful for diskless or dataless machines, or as a temporary measure while repairing or reinstalling filesystems on a local disk. This file provides a general description of the interactions between a client and its server when a client is booting over the network. The general description is followed by specific instructions for configuring a server for diskless Sun clients.
When booting a system over the network, there are three phases of interaction between client and server: 1. The PROM (or stage-1 bootstrap) loads a boot program. 2. The boot program loads a kernel. 3. The kernel does NFS mounts for root and swap. Each of these phases are described in further detail below. In phase 1, the PROM loads a boot program. PROM designs vary widely, so this phase is inherently machine-specific. Sun and Motorola machines use RARP to determine the client's IP address and then use TFTP to download a boot program from whoever sent the RARP reply. HP 300-series machines use the HP Remote Maintenance Protocol to download a boot program. Other machines may load a network boot program either from diskette or using a special PROM on the network card. In phase 2, the boot program loads a kernel. Operation in this phase depends on the design of the boot program. The boot program: 2.1 gets the client IP address using RARP. 2.2 gets the client name and server IP address by broadcasting an RPC / BOOTPARAMS / WHOAMI request with the client IP address. 2.3 gets the server path for this client's root using an RPC / BOOTPARAMS / GETFILE request with the client name. 2.4 gets the root file handle by calling mountd(8) with the server path for the client root. 2.5 gets the kernel file handle by calling NFS lookup on the root file handle. 2.6 loads the kernel using NFS read calls on the kernel file handle. 2.7 transfers control to the kernel entry point. In phase 3, the kernel does NFS mounts for root and swap. The kernel repeats much of the work done by the boot program because there is no standard way for the boot program to pass the information it gathered on to the kernel. The procedure used by the kernel is as follows: 3.1 The kernel finds a boot server using the same procedure as described in steps 2.1 and 2.2 above. 3.2 The kernel gets the NFS file handle for root using the same procedure as described in steps 2.3 through 2.5 above. 3.3 The kernel calls the NFS getattr function to get the last-modified time of the root directory, and uses it to check the system clock. 3.4 If the kernel is configured for swap on NFS, it uses the same mechanism as for root, but uses the NFS getattr function to determine the size of the swap area.
Before a client can boot over the network, its server must be configured correctly. This example will demonstrate how a Sun client might be configured -- other clients should be similar. Assuming the client's hostname is to be "myclient", 1. Add an entry to /etc/ethers corresponding to the client's Ethernet address: 8:0:20:7:c5:c7 myclient This will be used by rarpd(8). 2. Assign an IP address for myclient in your /etc/hosts or DNS database: 220.127.116.11 myclient 3. If booting a Sun or Motorola client, ensure that /etc/inetd.conf is configured to run tftpd(8) in the directory /tftpboot. If booting an HP 300-series machine, ensure that /etc/rbootd.conf is configured properly to transfer the boot program to the client. An entry might look like this: 08:00:09:01:23:E6 SYS_UBOOT # myclient See the rbootd(8) manual page for more information. 4. If booting a Sun or Motorola client, install a copy of the appropriate diskless boot loader (such as boot from the root directory of the MirOS sparc tree) in the /tftpboot directory. Make a link such that the boot program is accessible by a file name composed of the client's IP address in HEX, a dot, and the architecture name (all upper case). For example: # cd /tftpboot # ln -s boot C0C5600C.SUN4 Some architectures, such as the Sun3 and Ultrasparc machines, do not append the architecture name. It this case, the name would be just C0C5600C. The name used is architecture dependent, it simply has to match what the booting client's PROM wishes to it to be. If the client's PROM fails to fetch the expected file, tcpdump(8) can be used to discover which filename the client is trying to read. If booting an HP 300-series machine, ensure that the general purpose boot program SYS_UBOOT (which may be called netboot.lif before installation) is installed in the directory /usr/mdec/rbootd. 5. Add myclient to the bootparams database /etc/bootparams: myclient root=server:/export/myclient/root \ swap=server:/export/myclient/swap Note that some bootparam servers are somewhat sensitive. Some require fully qualified hostnames or partially qualified hostnames (which can be solved by having both fully and partially qualified entries). Other servers are case sensitive. 6. Build the swap file for myclient: # mkdir /export/myclient # cd /export/myclient # dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=1m count=120 This creates a 120 Megabyte swap file. 7. Populate myclient's / filesystem on the server. How this is done depends on the client architecture and the version of the OpenBSD distribution. It can be as simple as copying and modifying the server's root filesystem, or perhaps you need to get those files out of the standard binary distribution. 8. Export the required filesystems in /etc/exports: /usr -ro myclient # for SunOS: # /export/myclient -rw=myclient,root=myclient # for OpenBSD: /export/myclient -maproot=root -alldirs myclient If the server and client are of the same architecture, then the client can share the server's /usr filesystem (as is done above). If not, you must build a properly fleshed out /usr partition for the client in some other place. If your server was a sparc, and your client a sun3, you might create and fill /export/usr.sun3 and then use the following /etc/exports lines: /export/usr.sun3 -ro myclient /export/myclient -rw=myclient,root=myclient 9. Copy and customize at least the following files in /export/myclient/root: # cd /export/myclient/root/etc # cp fstab.nfs fstab # cp /etc/hosts hosts # echo myclient > myname # echo inet 18.104.22.168 > hostname.le0 Note that "le0" above should be replaced with the name of the network interface that the client will use for booting. 10. Correct the critical mount points in the client's /etc/fstab (which will be /export/myclient/root/etc/fstab) i.e., myserver:/export/myclient/root / nfs rw 0 0 myserver:/usr /usr nfs rw 0 0
/etc/ethers Ethernet addresses of known clients /etc/bootparams client root and swap pathnames /etc/exports exported NFS mount points /etc/rbootd.conf configuration file for HP Remote Boot Daemon /tftpboot location of boot programs loaded by the Sun PROM /usr/mdec/rbootd location of boot programs loaded by the HP Boot ROM
bootparams(5), ethers(5), exports(5), mountd(8), nfsd(8), rarpd(8), rbootd(8), reboot(8), rpc.bootparamd(8), tftpd(8) MirOS BSD #10-current March 3, 2008 2
Generated on 2013-04-27 00:20:00 by $MirOS: src/scripts/roff2htm,v 1.77 2013/01/01 20:49:09 tg Exp $
These manual pages and other documentation are copyrighted by their respective writers;
their source is available at our CVSweb,
AnonCVS, and other mirrors. The rest is Copyright © 2002‒2013 The MirOS Project, Germany.
This product includes material provided by Thorsten Glaser.
This manual page's HTML representation is supposed to be valid XHTML/1.1; if not, please send a bug report – diffs preferred.


text:
The Alberta Legislative Assembly Office operates a beautiful retail store called Alberta Branded. Each year they have a juried showcase around a specific theme and I have the honour of being one of ten Albertan artists who will create new works for this year's exhibition. The theme is Façonner, which means to shape, fashion or mould. New works will be created all year long and I'm eager to continue to explore the theme, allowing it to unfold and adapt over these next months. I'm also quite intrigued to see the works of the other artists and how they have approached the theme from their own medium and point of view!
Façonner: We shape to adapt a form, thereby directing a course. We fashion to reflect personal style and the current nature of the world. We mould to influence, creating a matrix. - Alberta Branded
The artwork I have created (and will continue to create this year) for Façonner is rooted in natural elements. Each piece is formed in response to the unfolding story I see revealed to us through Creation. Extracting basic lines and shapes from the intricate natural world, I explore an elemental approach to my experiences. Observing light, colours, shapes and lines, the subjects are deconstructed then fashioned into layered mixed media artworks. Natural materials (like birch bark and wildflowers collected to dye fabric and paper) are incorporated into each piece along with conventional materials (like acrylic, watercolour, paper and clay). The process of gathering and preparing materials allows me to infuse more of what I encounter into each work.
My story reflects the observations and reflections within the beauty of the Province of Alberta, including our five National Parks and my home in the Northern boreal forest. As I continue to witness the unfolding story around me, I am left with a peaceful clarity that has shaped my life. Reflecting these experiences and this clarity are integral parts of these works.


text:
A Sin that Leads to Jannah
"Sin may be more beneficial for a person, if it leads him to repent, than doing a lot of acts of worship. This is what is meant by the words of one of the salaf:
'A person may commit a sin and enter Paradise because of it, or he may do an act of worship and enter Hell because of it.'
They said: 'How is that?'
He said: 'He may commit a sin and continues to think about it, and when he stands or sits or walks he remembers his sin, so he feels ashamed and repents and seeks forgiveness and regrets it, so that will be the means of his salvation.
And he may do a good deed and continue to think about it, and when he stands or sits or walks he remembers it and it fills him with self-admiration and pride, so it is the cause of his doom.
So the sin may be the factor that leads him to do acts of worship and good deeds and to change his attitude so that he fears Allah and feels shy before Him and feels humiliated before Him, hanging his head in shame and weeping with regret, seeking he forgiveness of his Lord. Each of these effects is better for a person than an act of worship that makes him feel proud and show off and look down on people. Undoubtedly this sin is better before Allah and is more likely to bring salvation than one who admires himself and looks down on others, and who thinks that he is doing Allah a favour. Even if he says words that indicate something other than that, Allah is the Witness over what is in his heart. Such a person may feel hatred towards people if they do not hold him in high esteem and humiliate themselves before him. If he were to examine himself honestly, he would see that clearly."
-Madarij as-Salikeen, 1/299


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Fire Damage Frequently Asked Question
 1. How do I get rid of smoke smell?
 2. What furniture can I save/restore?
 3. What company should I use?
 4. How do I get smoke smell off my furniture/clothing?
 5. How do clean my walls?
 6. Is my HVAC system affected?
 7. How do I clean my HVAC system?
 8. How do I dry down my structure?
 9. How do I get rid of the smoke particulates?
 10. Do I need to replace insulation?
Fire damage can cause multiple damage to a persons home. Smoke damage can get into clothing, walls, insulation, flooring furniture, etc. Then there is water damage from the firefighters trying to extinguish the flames. The method used to clean up smoke damage is to wipe the affected materials with a dry sponge. For those who don't know, dry sponges can be bought at local remediation supply warehouse here in Houston. 2 companies that provide these sponges are Atex and Abatix. These sponges have a special chemical that removes smoke damage off hard surfaces and materials. The smell of smoke is extremely hard to remove off furniture. After a good steam clean you need to hire a company to inspect the furniture and see if they could ozone the item. Ozone will literally destroy the particulates causing the smell in the items you are trying to save. Dry sponge, steam clean and ozone are just a few ways of getting your home restored and every situation has its own solution. Call us to further your education. It would be our pleasure.


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In movie Sin City the actor says
The wind rises, electric. She's soft and warm and almost weightless. Her perfume is a sweet promise that brings tears to my eyes.
I don't see what electric means here. Does it modify the wind? Is this an appositive usage here?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Yes, it qualifies the wind, you can read the sentence as: "The wind rises, it is electric."
It is meaning number 3 of the wiktionary definition of electric :
Being emotionally thrilling; electrifying.
Saying that the wind is electric is a way of qualifying the emotions the wind at this particular moment produces on people: it electrifies them, makes them maybe agitated, maybe thrilled, excited...
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Your Answer


Documentation for CXO-Cockpit Reporting Suite 5.0, click for CXO-Cockpit Reporting Suite 4.3 Documentation or check the CXO-Cockpit Website.
From CXO Cockpit Reporting Suite Documentation
Jump to: navigation, search
This template can be used to build a homepage. The homepage will represent the entry point of the CXO-Cockpit and will give the end-user a quick overview how the company is performing against it most important KPI's.
It is also possible to create a user defined Homepage using a Free Format Template or any other Standard Template.
The Home Report - Homepage for each user is assigned within the user group that they belong to Maintain User group
Home page 5.0.png
What is shown on the Homepage?
 1. This represents a list of KPI's or accounts from your company. This can be any KPI or account that is derived from HFM or Hyperion Enterprise. You can create more KPI's if you prefer. The KPI's are interactive, which means you can drill down on them for further detail on period and YTD basis. In this case you see that Operating Expenses are highlighted and show in detail per entity.
 2. You can view the KPI's from an Actual perspective in the actual column.
 3. You can also view the KPI's from a Budget perspective. In this column we can represent any category that has been defined in the underlying HFM or HE model. For instance comparison with forecast, end of last year, last year actual etc. are all possible within this pick list.
 4. In the graph the orange dots represent budget figures, the bars represent actual data, where the signal color green represents the fact that actual figures are above budget and red is below budget, which of course depends whether you are looking at costs or for instance revenue.
 5. You can view the selected account by the custom dimensions (for instance entity, product, customers, channel, etc) that are defined in the underlying HFM or HE model.
 6. In this section you can see recent news


text:
Part 2: Oxygen Issues With Energy-Efficient Boilers
Oxygen Issues With Energy-Efficient Boilers
By Ryan T. Evans, P.E. - June 2012 - Energy Efficiency
Another method for increasing efficiency is to apply low-oxygen carbon monoxide technology. Oxygen is required for combustion, but excess oxygen lowers the flame temperature by as much as 500-1,000 degrees in the furnace.
Lower combustion temperatures mean a smaller temperature difference across the heat exchanger, and a smaller temperature difference means less heat transfer. The result is lower efficiency and more fuel waste.
Ideally, oxygen in exhaust gases should be controlled to 3 percent or less across the burner's firing range. When technicians set up a boiler during commissioning, they set the oxygen to 3 percent at high fire, but most burners cannot maintain a stable flame at low-fire conditions with increased excess air. Several burner manufacturers have developed technologies that allow operation at or below 3 percent oxygen across the firing range. A burner retrofit to a high-efficiency burner can result in gas savings up to 20 percent annually.
Besides lowering the flame temperature, higher excess air increases the velocity of the products of combustion, meaning they have less time to transfer their heat before they move through the stack. Low-oxygen technology exists that can result in 3 percent or less oxygen across the entire range of firing rates, which can help efficiency in two ways. It keeps flame temperatures high, and it allows the products of combustion more time to give up their heat to the steam.
Consider the stack losses of a traditional high-pressure steam system with a swirl-type burner and stack temperatures of 350 degrees. It operates at 8 percent oxygen with stack losses of 20.8 percent. By operating at 3 percent oxygen, stack losses drop to 17.9 percent. This results in slowing down the products of combustion, which leads to a typical 30-40 degree temperature drop in the stack. By decreasing the stack temperature from 350 degrees to 310 degrees, the stack loss drops another percent to 16.9 percent — savings of almost 4 percent.


text:
Definición de self-mortification en inglés:
The subjugation of appetites or desires by self-denial or self-discipline as an aspect of religious devotion: voluntary self-mortification such as fasting
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- Another discipline, however, might lead to its achievement, and there was such a discipline at hand: the method of self-mortification and extreme asceticism which we know best through Jainism.
- A popular misconception about it was that its real purpose was to annihilate the desires of the flesh altogether and provide an opportunity for self-mortification in the last degree.
- In India, the recollection of previous lives is a common feature in the histories of the saints and heroes of a sacred tradition, and it is considered a result of a pious life of self-mortification.
Definición de self-mortification en:
- Diccionario Inglés de EE.UU.
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