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You have maintained a particular Number Range for the Materials but you are able to create Materials with ID which is more than the length maintained in the Business Configuration.
Reproducing the Issue
- Go to Business Configuration work center.
- Select Implementation Projects view.
- Highlight the Implementation Project or Change Project and select Open Activity List button.
- Go to Fine Tune phase.
- Search and open fine tuning activity Number Range for Materials.
- Here, for example: you have maintained Begin: M00000001; End: M99999999.
- But while creating a Material, you can able to create material with IDs like M000000011, M00000001123, M00000001732727.
The below explanation is based on the above example number range.
You have defined an alphanumeric interval with the begin number as M00000001 and end number as M99999999.
For alphanumeric intervals, the check is a lexicographic check, meaning that the id is checked character by character from left to right. And in case one number has more characters than the other number, the missing characters (at the end) are considered as space characters.
So when checking whether Id M000000010 lies within interval M00000001 - M99999999, this looks as follows
Check of M000000010 against the boundary M00000001: -> lexicographic check on M00000001 against M00000001 When comparing them character by character from left to right, these "numbers" are identical till we get to the last character.
At the end we compare the character against character "1", and according to the ascii table the character has a smaller value than the character "1" (see also _URL_ Hence M00000001 is smaller than M00000001.
Check of M000000010 against boundary M99999999 shows that M000000010 is smaller than the end boundary.
Result of the lexicographic check: M00000001 < M000000010 < M99999999
Hence ID M000000010 lies within the defined interval and is a valid ID!
So in case of intervals which are not purely numeric, please take note of these peculiarities of the lexicographic check!
Due to the lexicographic check for this alphanumeric interval entering a product id with more characters than the you wants is possible, as long as the check determines that the ID is still within the defined range.
Regarding the number of characters used within his ID, the lexicographic check checks that the ID does not exceed the total length defined for this number range type. So, IDs for products (i.e. materials, entitlements, service and individual material) cannot be larger than 40 characters.
So the concept behind this is different to what has been identified as a issue.
In case, if you wants to have not more than 10 characters used as ID for his products, we would currently recommend that the user has to check at your end.
KBA, AP-RC-BCT, Business Config. Tools (SAP Business ByDesign, How To


text: Figure 3: Relative sizes of IGCs in embryos, distinguished by the age. Results are presented as mean ± SEM with the level of significance. Digital images of embryo nuclei stained by antibody against SC35, a marker of speckles/IGCs, were used to measure the size of speckles. The average size of speckles at the stage of early zygote (20 h) was taken as a unit. The intensity of the column color conventionally reflects differences in transcriptional activity of embryo nuclei. The values of the relative size of speckles after the beginning of ZGA differ significantly from the stage of early zygote (20 h) at all stages studied (28 h, 32 h, 46 h, and 55 h), as indicated by asterisks. Not less than 15 embryos were analyzed for each age group; that is, more than 200 speckles were measured for each stage studied.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Shrinking the Transaction Log
The size of the log files are physically reduced when:
- A DBCC SHRINKDATABASE statement is executed.
- A DBCC SHRINKFILE statement referencing a log file is executed.
- An autoshrink operation occurs.
Shrinking a log is dependent on first truncating the log. Log truncation does not reduce the size of a physical log file, it reduces the size of the logical log and marks as inactive the virtual logs that do not hold any part of the logical log. A log shrink operation removes enough inactive virtual logs to reduce the log file to the requested size.
The unit of size reduction is a virtual log. For example, if you have a 600 MB log file that has been divided into six 100 MB virtual logs, the size of the log file can only be reduced in 100 MB increments. The file size can be reduced to sizes such as 500 MB or 400 MB, but it cannot be reduced to sizes such as 433 MB or 525 MB.
Virtual logs that hold part of the logical log cannot be freed. If all the virtual logs in a log file hold parts of the logical log, the file cannot be shrink until a truncation marks one or more of the virtual logs at the end of the physical log as inactive.
When any file is shrunk, the space freed must come from the end of the file. When a transaction log file is shrunk, enough virtual logs from the end of the file are freed to reduce the log to the size requested by the user. The target_size specified by the user is rounded to the next highest virtual log boundary. For example, if a user specifies a target_size of 325 MB for our sample 600 MB file with 100 MB virtual log files, the last two virtual log files are removed and the new file size is 400 MB.
In SQL Server 2000, a DBCC SHRINKDATABASE or DBCC SHRINKFILE operation attempts to shrink the physical log file to the requested size (subject to rounding) immediately:
- If no part of the logical log is in the virtual logs beyond the target_size mark, the virtual logs after the target_size mark are freed and the successful DBCC statement completes with no messages.
- If part of the logical log is in the virtual logs beyond the target_size mark, SQL Server 2000 frees as much space as possible and issues an informational message. The message tells you what actions you need to perform to get the logical log out of the virtual logs at the end of the file. After you perform this action, you can then reissue the DBCC statement to free the remaining space.
For example, assume that a 600 MB log file with six virtual logs has a logical log starting in virtual log 3 and ending in virtual log 4, when you execute a DBCC SHRINKFILE statement with a target_size of 275 MB:
Virtual logs 5 and 6 are freed immediately because they hold no portion of the logical log. To meet the specified target_size, however, virtual log 4 should also be freed, but cannot because it holds the end portion of the logical log. After freeing virtual logs 5 and 6, SQL Server 2000 fills the remaining part of virtual log 4 with dummy records. This forces the end of the log file to virtual log 1. In most systems, all transactions starting in virtual log 4 will be committed within seconds, meaning that all of the active portion of the log moves to virtual log 1, and the log file now looks like this:
The DBCC SHRINKFILE statement also issues an informational message that it could not free all the space requested, and indicate that you can execute a BACKUP LOG statement to make it possible to free the remaining space. Once the active portion of the log moves to virtual log 1, a BACKUP LOG statement will truncate the entire logical log that is in virtual log 4:
Because virtual log 4 no longer holds any portion of the logical log, if you now execute the same DBCC SHRINKFILE statement with a target_size of 275 MB, virtual log 4 will be freed and the size of the physical log file reduced to the size requested.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Chapter Two Reflection Questions
1. Dr. Blau emphasizes the importance of understanding the "whys" of a client's experience and behavior. What advantages and disadvantages do you see in this focus?
Dr. Blau provides a good reasoning behind his importance of wanting to understand the "whys" of a client. I see that this can help us get much of the questions answered for a therapist with all the input from the client. The advantages could be that why questions can allow clients to think deeper about their problems they are discussing as well as get a better idea of the cause of an event. The disadvantages I see which could result from asking so many "why" questions would be frustration...view middle of the document...
The way to explore such dynamics with Ruth would be through conversation between the therapist and client. Bringing up questions about her father, then men, then sexuality, and lastly her culture could provide us with great information about her ways of acting and perceiving her sexual world.
3. Do you share the emphasis of this approach on the importance of Ruth's father in her life? How might you go about exploring with her how conflicts with her father are related to some of her present conflicts?
As I mentioned above, Ruth's father would be the key character I would want to focus on when taking this approach. As she has discussed various times, her interaction with her father was hindered soon after being caught with playing the game "DOCTOR" and that story has not been settled or talked about. Once gain, I would bring up the issues and hate she has towards men being judgmental and not feeling close to her husband. Also, because her father was not there when she needed to talk about sex, she no longer has intimacy with her husband. Feeling isolated from John despite being married for 19 years are reasons to feeling betrayed and neglected from her father. Her marriage is taking a hit not only because John devotes more time to work than Ruth, but also because there is no communication in terms of their sex life. All of her childhood experience has led her to have further conflicts with men in her life as an adult. This is the typical result of having a childhood where shame, guilt, and fear were a part of your sexual exploration.
4. In what ways would you encourage Ruth to go back and relive her childhood? How important is delving into the client's early childhood in leading to personality change?
I would want...


Eggs-pert advice on how to have a dog-friendly Easter
With the bank holiday Easter weekend fast approaching, Dogs Trust is reminding owners to keep chocolate out of reach of our four-legged friends.
As Easter eggs and other tasty cocoa treats find their way into homes, the charity hopes to raise awareness of the continued rise that the consumption of chocolate poses to our canine companions.
Dogs Trust is providing top tips and advice for owners on how to have a dog-friendly Easter.
Josie Cocks, Dogs Trust Veterinary Surgeon, explains the importance of not allowing dogs to eat human chocolate: "Chocolate can be poisonous to dogs, so owners should ensure they keep it out of reach of their four-legged friends. Whilst some chocolate is more toxic than others, any amount is potentially harmful to your dog.
"If you suspect your dog has eaten chocolate, we advise owners to contact their vets immediately. Chocolate poisoning can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive thirst, excitability, drooling, seizures and potentially kidney and heart failure."
The charity advises:
 - Never give your pooch any human chocolate as a treat. Ensure that children and visitors understand why and adhere to this rule too.
 - Make sure bins are dog-proof to prevent them scavenging through rubbish.
 - Never leave any chocolate unsupervised, such as cakes cooling on worktop surfaces.
 - Teach your dog the 'leave' command so that if they are about to eat something they shouldn't, you can have confidence that they will move away from it.
 - Keep a close eye on your dog whilst out walking, to avoid them scoffing, discarded food that is potentially harmful.
Although our canine companions shouldn't be eating human chocolate, there are plenty of other ways for them to enjoy the holiday weekend.
Tamsin Durston, Canine Behaviour Officer at Dogs Trust offers some suggestion: "There are plenty of exciting things we can do with our pets over the holiday weekend. Taking them on their own Easter hunt around the house that includes dog-friendly treats instead of chocolate is a great way of bonding and giving our dogs lots of stimulation.
"You could also use the front of Easter egg boxes to teach your dog to do the snoot challenge or use the boxes to hide their toys or treats in them to sniff out. If you want to have a go at something a little bit different, get a couple of boxes set a little distance apart and holding your dog's treats or favourite toy in one hand, slowly start to move them in a figure of eight around the two items, swapping the reward into your other hand at the centre point. Dog owners could also build them their own Easter bunny burrow, or 'Doggy Den' so your furry friend has a cosy and comfortable place to sleep."
For more information and advice visit


Tri Talk Triathlon Podcast, Episode 68a
How elementary school model volcanoes are like racing physiology, and the first time iocaine powder has been mentioned in connection with performance enhancing substances. It's the supplemental supplement episode, today on Tri Talk.
Welcome to Tri Talk your podcast source for triathlon tips, training, news and more. My goal at Tri Talk is to help you swim, bike, and run faster, to meet your personal triathlon goals. Whether you are an elite or amateur triathlete, we cover sprint distance to Ironman distance. I'm your host, David Warden, and this is supplemental Tri Talk Episode 68a.
This episode is a short continuation of Episode 68, where I'll discuss two additional supplements that could improve your performance. Glycerol and Sodium Bicarbonate have solid data supporting potential performance improvement, and it may be worth your while to try them out.
Let's get onto the good stuff! Remember as a kid when you used to take baking soda and add vinegar to make those spectacular volcanoes or homemade rockets? The knowledge of an acid-base reaction has been well known for hundreds of years, and although the vinegar baking soda is technically not a pure acid-base reaction, rather a more complex multi-step reaction, the concept is the same. When an acid and a base come together, they neutralize each other, or at least reduce the acidity or alkalinity of the other substance.
Several decades ago, when physiologists began to believe that lactic acid was a primary contributor to muscle fatigue, their natural reaction was to see if increasing the alkalinity of the blood would improve performance by helping to neutralize the lactic acid buildup in the muscles. As a result, testing on taking in some sort of base prior to exercise has been going on for decades. The two primary solutions tested have been sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, and sodium citrate.
In 1993, the International Journal of Sports Medicine reviewed the results of 29 studies, and concluded that sodium bicarbonate did result in a 1-3% performance improvement. That is an excellent result. However, they could only statistically show improvement in events lasting from 1-10 minutes.
This makes it difficult to apply to triathlon, where even the fastest triathlete at the shortest distance will be going for about an hour. One application might be to still use sodium bicarbonate, but only plan on it being effective during the last 10 minutes of an event when you are going well above lactate threshold. This is a real stretch of the method of use for this, and I would think it unlikely to work that way.
However, there is some basis for the use of another base: sodium citrate. It is believed that this form of the base is more readily absorbed into the system, and can therefore be more effective in buffering that lactic acid.
Also from the International Journal of Sports Medicine in 1996, the use of sodium citrate was used by 8 trained cyclists over a 30K time trial, or about 45 minutes of hard cycling. The cyclists using the sodium citrate had their time trial improve by over 90 seconds.
This gives a little more hope for at least the short distance triathletes for some use of sodium citrate to improve performance, or maybe at least for your next 10k run.
If you choose to use sodium bicarbonate or citrate, the application would be 0.3-0.5 g/kg 60-90 minutes before racing. By the way, that is a lot of baking soda, several tablespoons for an average male. One o the side effects of sodium bicarbonate is that it can lead to stomach issues, so like any other supplement, never try it on race morning, it should be used in training several times with race intensity sessions to verify that it will not have side effects.
Also, this concept of having an environment in the body that buffers lactic acid also led me to consider what we can do without ingesting some sort of base before racing. I am reminded of the chart in the Triathlete's Training Bible that lists the acidity and alkalinity of certain foods. In general, fruits and vegetables have a very high alkaline level, and dairy, meats, and grains have a high acid level, with diary off the charts in levels of acidity.
Instead of ingesting a supplement to decrease acidity levels in the blood, what about adopting a diet that naturally acts as an acid buffer. Perhaps even the week of your A race, switching to a very high alkaline diet by eating lot's of fruits and vegetables, and taking in reduced dairy and meats. Could this be a way to naturally increase your lactic threshold, through a diet change?
I really have no data to back this up, it is just a theory. It reminds me of the book Andromeda Strain, by Michael Crichton, where a disease from outer space wipes out an entire town, and the only two survivors are an old alcoholic and a screaming baby. The team of scientists finally realizes that the reason the old man and baby survived was that their Ph was on either end of the acid-base spectrum, and the disease could not grow in a highly acidic or alkaline environment. Great book. If Michael Crichton says that blood Ph can ward off alien disease, I think my theory on blood Ph and performance has merit!
Moving on. I was moderating a webinar that TrainingBible coach Tom Rodgers was giving in April, and he mentioned a substance I have never heard of before called glycerol. Glycerol is a chemical compound also commonly called glycerin or glycerine. It is odorless, tasteless, and dissolves instantly in liquid. See! It's just like iocaine powder from the Princess Bride! Except, glycerol won't immediately kill you. The concept of glycerol is that it helps maintain fluids in the body, and could be beneficial for either long or exceptionally hot endurance events.
At Central Queensland University in Australia, researchers took well trained 10 triatheltes and tested the effects of glycerol. These were solid age groupers with a best Olympic distance time of about 2:10. So not pros, but solid triathlon performance. Each triathletes performed 2 Olympic distance triathlons 2 weeks apart. The difference between the two events was the temperature. One was done at 30.5C and the other at 25.4C, or 87F and 78F. Half of the group took in a glycerol/Gatorade mixture, and the other half took in just Gatorade.
The group that took in Glycerol was definitely slower on the hot day. They averaged 1:47 slower over the Oly course on the hot day of 30.5C compared to the warm day of 25.4. But the group that did not take in Glycerol had a considerable decrease in performance on the hot day, with the Gatorade only group slowing down by almost 12 minutes compared to their warm-day performance. So in this case, glycerol does not actually make you any faster, it simply helps you possibly not get as slow in the heat.
Another study took cyclists and had them cycle to exhaustion on 42C, which is 107F. Honestly, do you think that a cyclist would ever cycle in 107F? I recognize that they would cycle in an environment where the ambient temperature was 107F, but with any wind they would certainly be cooled somewhat by the "wind chill" factor. I'm not going to share the performance results of this cycling time to exhaustion test between the glycerol and non-glycerol group, because I think the 107F is simply unrealistic for a triathlete. But, from this study, what I did find interesting was the fluid measurements that were taken. The glycerol group had 1.4 liters more fluids in their system that their non-glycerol counterparts. 670 mL of that was from a decrease in urine volume. For athletes with a small bladder, like me, the possibility of producing less urine actually is more appealing to me than the total fluids retained.
I question the effectiveness of glycerol over a clean heat acclimation training protocol. For example, if the 10 triathletes in the first study had performed a 10-day heat acclimation training regimen, would they have lost the same 2-12 minutes on the hot day? Would heat acclimation training provide the same physiological response as glycerol? I think it would actually be better than the supplement.
However, there are obviously times where an athlete will be competing in a hot environment, and had no opportunity to train in a hot environment. For these athletes, glycerol may be an alternative.
Also, for every study I found that supported the use of glycerol, I found one that refuted the use of glycerol. None of the studies concluded that glycerol reduced performance, but many said there was no effect. Since there are other studies that do show effectiveness, it certainly seems like something to try if you are an athlete who struggles in the heat.
The application of glycerol would be 1.0-1.2 grams per kilogram taken with a carbohydrate solution, and finished an hour before exercise. If you choose to take this supplement, I do have concerns about hyponatremia. You will be retaining many more fluids than normal, and the risk of drinking too much becomes high. Only drink when thirsty when taking this product, and don't try to drink to a certain goal amount.
Again, I have more faith in training in the heat to combat heat related performance issue on race day


.
Zheng Yujian Ex ante vs. Ex post Rationalization of Action
abstract | view | rights & permissions | cited by
This paper is part of an attempt to clarify the relationship between explanatory reasons and justificatory reasons for actions of various kinds. It draws on a distinction between two notions of rationalization, viz., ex ante and ex post rationalization, to recast the akratic case on the one hand and to explicate an adequate sense in which an explanatory but non-justificatory reason for an action rationalizes the latter on the other hand. The explication is helped by analysis of a hypothetical example, and the name "quasi-rational" is legitimated for the type of actions this example represents. Last, but not least, the paper demonstrates that an implication of the argument is the falsity of one well-known principle in Davidson's action theory, i.e., the principle claiming that the (primary) reason for an action is also its cause.


text:
Maudslay's screw-cutting lathe, c 1800.
Image number: _PHONE_
Model of the original screw-cutting lathe by Henry Maudslay (_PHONE_). Before Maudslay's invention, screws were crudely made by hand. In this machine the combination of Maudslay's slide rest wih a power-driven screw feed was the prototype of the modern screw-cutting lathe. The model is arranged to be driven by hand power. The workpiece on which the screw is to be cut is carried between centres, with the lead screw mounted in the lathe bed. A wide saddle carries the tool holder, being connected to the lead screw by a split nut. The depth of cut was controlled by a hand wheel with a graduated edge, and a set of change wheels to allow the production of a wide range of different threads.
- Image number:
- Science Museum/Science & Society Picture Library
- Date taken:
- 20 October 2003 13:57
- Image rights:
- Science Museum


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|Back to Taking Notes Lesson Plan|
Use crayons or markers to teach note-taking skills.
note taking, notes, study skills, research, Earhart, theme
About the Lesson
This lesson employs a brief biography of Amelia Earhart as the starting point for note-taking exercises. The Earhart biography is only a suggested starting point for this lesson, however. You can substitute any piece of literature for the selection, or provide additional note-taking practice by repeating this lesson with a variety of content-rich, subject-related reading material.
Very often, students read for a specific purpose rather than general information. For example, if students are working on reports about the causes of the Civil War, they will likely skim many Civil War resources to find the sections of those resources about the specific topic. That means students will be "eliminating" a lot of information as they skim for details about the causes of the war.
In this activity, students skim a brief biography of Amelia Earhart -- or another reading selection of your choice -- to locate specific information related to the focus of their search.
If you use the brief biography of Amelia Earhart, provide each student with a copy of that bio page. Then you might
Whichever topic students tackle, they skim their copy of the biography for information related to the topic. They then use a crayon to underline -- or a highlighting marker to highlight -- information that supports the topic. The highlighted text provides a visual representation of the "notes" students might write if they were using library resources to research the topic.
When students complete their highlighting, have them use the most important highlighted information to write in their own words a concise paragraph on their assigned topic or theme.
After completing this activity, you might encourage students to go beyond the one-page biography and do more in-depth research using library or Internet resources. Provide each student with a different topic to research, for example:
AssessmentGive students a clean copy of a brief biography of Amelia Earhart and have them cross out all but the most important information related to the following topic:
Reasons Many People Think Amelia Earhart Is a HeroThe following might be among the phrases in the biography article that will be highlighted in marker or underlined in crayon:
Lesson Plan Source
Note: This lesson is loosely based on the Trash-N-Treasure technique. Teacher Barbara Jansen wrote Reading for Information: The Trash-N-Treasure Method of Teaching Note-Taking, an in-depth article about this unique note-taking strategy.
LANGUAGE ARTS: English
GRADES K - 12
NL-ENG.K-12.1 Reading for Perspective
NL-ENG.K-12.2 Reading for Understanding
NL-ENG.K-12.3 Evaluation Strategies
NL-ENG.K-12.4 Communication Skills
NL-ENG.K-12.5 Communication Strategies
NL-ENG.K-12.6 Applying Knowledge
NL-ENG.K-12.8 Developing Research Skills
NL-ENG.K-12.12 Applying Language Skills
Click here to return to this week's Note Taking lesson plan page.


University School of Medicine. He is also the co-director of the Gastrointestinal Oncology Program at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Dr. Kern has over 20,000 citations of his work among scientific publications, the majority concerning his pioneering studies of pancreatic cancer. His publications and citations place him among the top one percent of scientists in productivity and acclaim.
Dr. Kern's laboratory is currently developing drug screening systems to identify promising therapies for the common adult-onset cancers based on our understanding of BRCA2 and other disrupted DNA-repair features in cancer cells. His discoveries are now the basis of a number of U.S. patents and novel and ongoing therapeutic trials for pancreatic cancer at Johns Hopkins and other centers.
Scott Kern graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor where he participated in an accelerated six-year program that combined undergraduate and medical studies. He did initial research training and his residency at Michigan and became board certified in anatomic and clinical pathology, and completed his fellowship in pathology and molecular genetics of gastrointestinal cancer at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins.


text:
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This paper proposes a scalable design for next-generation optical cross-connects (OXCs). We present a novel strategy for dimensioning the switching capability as a long term planning. Switching fabrics in OXCs have to be expanded according to traffic growth, which may incur a scalability problem due to the exponentially increasing cost in manufacturing and maintenance. The proposed scheme expands the switching capacity of OXCs with wavebandand fiber-switching components (or, equivalently, expands the network capacity with wavebandand fiber-switching tiers). To minimize the number of extra fibers for wavebandand fiber-switching tiers required to satisfy a given traffic matrix, we formulate the problem of routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) with tunnel allocation (RWAT) into a constraint programming (CP) process. The CP is simplified as two integer linear programming (ILP) processes that are performed sequentially. Experiments are conducted on four examples to compare the throughput and the number of switching points when different switching architectures are adopted under different traffic increase. The benefits of our approach are demonstrated. Finally, we conclude that the proposed optimization scheme can dimension the networks with expandability and scalability to the growing traffic demand.


Nuclear Physicist
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Nuclear physicists are interested in studying the atom - specifically how it can be used in the production of nuclear energy. They do this by looking at how individual protons, electrons and neutrons behave and interact with each other and apply this knowledge to various different applications that utilise nuclear energy such as power, medicine, defence and aerospace innovation.
Typically, nuclear physicists work in research laboratories designing and conducting experiments but they may also spend some of their time working with industrial equipment and instrumentation. They often work as part of multi-disciplinary teams containing engineers or medical professionals and are often required to perform advanced mathematical and statistical analysis. It is unusual to find work in this field without completing post-graduate qualifications and a substantial body of research, though entry level positions are available as laboratory or research assistants.


Instek Digital Optrail: real-time video surveillance positioning solution
Taipei, Taiwan
Instek Digital, the video surveillance business unit of Good Will Instrument Co. that focus on the development of high quality digital surveillance solutions, has announced its brandnew integrated visual tracking solution, Optrail, incorporating real-time positioning with video surveillance based on Ultra-Wideband technology.
Instek Digital Optrail works by equipping the subject with a tag and it send a wireless signal to the surrounding reference nodes. The wireless signal is based on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology with TDoA (Time Difference on Arrivals). This technology is simpler, less expensive and more accurate than other wireless standards. A minimum of three reference nodes are required to determine the subject's (tag's) location.
The combination of real-time location system and video surveillance offers a wide range of applications of tracking objects/people for different vertical markets. For example, Optrail can be used to protect detention officers in prisons against threats of disorderly inmates; to monitor elderly patients in a hospital who may feel unwell or to safeguard high value assets in a warehouse to restrict visitors from prohibited zones.
Optrail displays the subject(s) interest on Command Center's map; it can also show the reference nodes and cameras. Clicking on the cameras will bring up its video making the subject visible, so users can monitor the subject exact route with visualization. Optrail tags are equipped with an alarm button and G-sensor. The alarm button can be pressed in case of emergency, such as a hospital patient feeling unwell or a detention officer feeling threaten. The built-in G-sensor (optional) can detect a fall, such as a fainting patient in a hospital. When the alarm is triggered or the G-sensor is activated Instek Digital Optrail server receives a signal and sends an alarm to Command Center. Command Center can then display it on a map and pop-up the alarm video(s) to alert the operator. Multiple cameras in the vicinity can be associated to an alarm to provide full visual awareness to the operators tracking the event.
Instek Digital Command Center features the following features: real-time monitoring, historical route monitoring and intrusion/restricted area monitoring. In Command Center a map can display all the relevant subjects or devices, such as subjects (tags), cameras and reference nodes. Operators can then monitor subject(s) in real-time with related videos.
When evidence is required, the historical route of the subject can be viewed with the exact start and end time, and its associated video footage can be downloaded. To prevent unauthorized access or intrusion, Optrail provides tools in Command Center to define restricted areas and to configure alarm settings to safeguard valuable assets.
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Presentations come of age: Ventuz Technology
Chris Davies - Mar 26, 2007
I'd wager there are few people reading this who haven't suffered at least once from the modern malaise they call "Death by PowerPoint" Now not wishing to unfairly malign the Microsoft presentation package - even the least forgiving audience member would grudgingly agree that it's the crapness of the presenter that kills you, not the software (and accompanying slide transitions, sound effects and ridiculous animations) - but it's a sad fact of life that where a yawn-worthy demonstration goes, their software often lurks behind.
Thankfully there are companies like Ventuz Technology, who blend together touch, gesture and proximity-sensitive interfaces controlling multiple interconnected displays, with a software package that allows static and dynamically updated information to be presented in 2D and 3D.
Microsoft has been making heavy use of their expertise, with their CeBIT presentation relying on the light-barriers to trigger movement through the showreel, while at the Vista launch interactive presentations built around the Ventuz software backbone allowed viewers to explore the OS using touch control.
Long Zheng over at istartedsomething caught up with Ventuz product manager Christian Schmidt, and found out exactly how the company envisages their technology facilitating the presentation of information:
"Presentations no longer need to be linear and frankly boring. Many science fiction movies in the past two decades have shown so many different types of what could be possible. Most of these ideas can actually be realized nowadays. Take Minority Report for example. With a Holopro Screen, a Cyberglove and Ventuz, you could (easily) recreate that interface"
It makes for an interesting interview, and well worth a read no matter which side of the laser-pointer you usually end up on.
Q&A with Christian Schmidt, Product Manager from Ventuz Technology [istartedsomething]
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Supporting Unskilled People in Manual Tasks through Haptic-Based Guidance
Supporting Unskilled People in Manual Tasks through Haptic-Based Guidance
Mario Covarrubias (Politecnico di Milano, Italy), Monica Bordegoni (Politecnico di Milano, Italy), Umberto Cugini (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) and Elia Gatti (Politecnico di Milano, Italy)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4422-9.ch048
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This chapter presents a methodology that the authors developed for the evaluation of a novel device based on haptic guidance to support people with disabilities in sketching, hatching, and cutting shapes. The user's hand movement is assisted by a sort of magnet or spring effect attracting the hand towards an ideal shape. The haptic guidance device has been used as an input system for tracking the sketching movements made by the user according to the visual feedback received from a physical template without haptic assistance. Then the device has been used as an output system that provides force feedback capabilities. The drawn shape can also be physically produced as a piece of polystyrene foam. The evaluation methodology is based on a sequence of tests, aimed at assessing the usability of the device and at meeting the real needs of the unskilled people. In fact, the system has been evaluated by a group of healthy and unskilled people, by comparing the analysis of the tracking results. The authors have used the results of the tests to define guidelines about the device and its applications, switching from the concept of "test the device on unskilled people" to the concept of "testing the device with unskilled people."
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The aim of the present chapter is to describe the test methodology in order to control and measure the efficiency of the haptic guidance device.
As the design of the haptic guidance device is a widely inter-disciplinary project involving experts from various disciplines, including such diverse areas as pedagogy, psychology, computer science, mechanical, mechatronic, and product design, this chapter is written by the intent to make not only the specific methods and procedures of accuracy testing intelligible for readers from various disciplines, but also its motivations. Therefore, not only the methodology itself and the tools that form the basis of this methodology will be described in a more detailed way.
This chapter should also serve as a set of practical guidelines for the testing procedures (but not yet as a detailed manual). It is written with the intent that experts involved in the accuracy testing procedures in the design of the haptic guidance system be able to use it as a detail reference work for actual practical activities within efficiency and accurate testing: explaining the tools to be used, the measurements to be taken, the way of data collecting.
This chapter is also meant to be intelligible, explanatory and enough detailed for those who approach the haptic guidance device and its testing activities professionally somewhat from the outside, but are nevertheless deeply involved via other ways.
By implementing the haptic guidance device we need to prove the followings: 1) the haptic support work; 2) it does suit the scientific facts and the experiences about the nature of the given problem; and 3) it is safe. In other words, we have to offer evidence-based.
A point that is crucial in the logic of evaluation of the accuracy of the haptic guidance device is multiple comparisons. We assess the unskilled people initial state and then its changes due to the use of the haptic guidance device, and we compare before and after measurement results. Moreover, we create an appropriate control group.
At first sight, it seems relatively simple a procedure, but there are several further considerations in order to reach High Methodological quality and to get strong evidence. The following brief review is based on Geyman and colleagues research (Geyman, Deyo, & Ramsey, 2000).
 - 1.
 A prospective "before-after" evaluation is needed. The retrospective efficiency testing is not as accurate, and could be influenced by interpretations, latter experiences.
 - 2.
 We have to select the subjects carefully and advisedly. Obviously, the main principles of the selection depend on the goal of the haptic guidance system, but there is no doubt, that solid baseline assessments (e.g. formalized, standard evaluation, etc.) are needed before we started the accuracy testing of the device.
 - 3.
 After the baseline assessments, we assign the subjects randomly to the experimental group.
 - 4.
 The sample (the number of experimental subjects) has to be large enough for an appropriate statistical analysis. In this way, by applying and adequate level of statistical significance as a criterion, we will assure the accuracy of the haptic guidance device providing confirmatory results.
 - 5.
 Testing and evaluation of the results may easily lead with possible errors.
To accomplish our aim it is necessary to assess how the sketching control movements under haptic feedback are affected in people with motor and visuo-spatial disorders, principally by Down syndrome. Sketching is one of the most complex human activities in which the hand movements are controlled by the central nervous system, which regulates the activity of the hand and arm muscles to act in synergy. The central nervous system receives dynamic feedback information from visual sensors and from other body sensors located on the skin, muscles, and joints, while regulating the motor output.
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Green Schools | News
USGBC Looks To Refine the Green Classroom Concept
One chapter of the U.S. Green Building Council is taking a first step in a wide-scale classroom "greening" project for public K-12 schools nationwide.
- By Bridget McCrea
Intent on increasing the number of green classrooms in California's K-12 schools the Orange County chapter of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is retrofitting a Costa Mesa classroom that it hopes will serve as a model for a more widespread, national effort.
The Davis Magnet School classroom will be gutted, insulated, and equipped with high-performance lighting that "harvests" daylight, environmentally friendly flooring and furnishings, wireless submeters (for monitoring utility usage), and a new ventilation system. All paints and finishes used during the process will have high recyclable contents and low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Wendy Rogers, chair of the USGBC's green school committee and a design principal at integrated design firm LPA Inc. in Irvine, CA, said the retrofit is being funded through in-kind donations. "So far we've had very good support from the contractor and business community in the area," said Rogers. "We're pretty optimistic about the project based on the number of people who have told us that they want to get involved with it."
Rogers said she hopes the classroom retrofit will raise awareness of the value of environmentally friendly classrooms in a county where just seven schools in 38 total public school districts are considered green. "That's pretty good, but we know that we can do better," said Rogers. "We want this model to demonstrate energy savings and sustainability in a way that makes other school districts get involved with similar projects."
Davis Magnet School was selected based on the work that the K-6 institution was already doing to create a greener campus environment. "The school has gardens; the students and teachers use composting; and the classrooms are oriented in a way that will allow us to take advantage of natural sunlight," said Rogers. "Those elements came together to create the right environment for a green classroom project."
Positioned next to a conventional classroom, the retrofitted space will be used in an experiment that compares energy usage between the two rooms. Rogers said the retrofitted version will serve as an "active environment" where pupils will learn how to measure HVAC loads, monitor utility usage, and understand the importance of simple moves like turning off the lights before leaving an empty room.
Rogers said the USGBC is currently wrapping up the funding for Phase I of the project. That phase will include the installation of the wireless submeters, lighting fixtures, and plug-load controllers. This equipment will be in place by the end of the year and will enable monitoring of both the retrofitted classroom and the conventional space.
Construction on the retrofitted classroom is expected to commence when school releases in June and wrap up by the start of the 2012-13 school year. "We're hoping to have everything in place by the time the students come back at the end of August," said Rogers, who is bullish on the USGBC's ability to meet that deadline based on the progress and financial support received thus far. "I've never seen a project resonate as significantly as this one in terms of consensus and support."
Bridget McCrea is a business and technology writer in Clearwater, FL. She can be reached at _EMAIL_.


Effortful control in childhood: Factor structure, gender and age effects
H. R. Slobodskaya, E. A. Kozlova, I. V. Leto, N. B. Bairova, E. N. Petrenko
Результат исследования: Научные публикации в периодических изданияхстатьярецензирование
Effortful control was investigated in 302 children aged 23–139 months (52% boys) using laboratory-based experimental tasks. We have adapted behavioral batteries developed by Kochanska and colleagues for children aged 22–78 months and developed comparable batteries for older preschoolers and primary school children. Results showed good interrater reliability for observational ratings, as assessed using intraclass correlations and kappas. An examination of the dimensional structure of the observational measures using con-firmatory factor analyses indicated that in the youngest age group (22–45 months) effortful control has a two-factor structure, including Delaying and Motor Control; in middle and older preschool, the component of Suppressing/Initiating Activity emerged. In the primary school years, task measures were not correlated with each other. We evaluated discriminant validity of observational measures with respect to gender and age. There were few significant gender effects whereas age effects were significant for nearly all variables. Age differences suggest the developmental trajectories of effortful control and its components, delaying, control of gross and fine motor activity, suppressing dominant activity and initiating subdominant activity to signal, and effortful attention. In light of the existing literature, these findings are discussed in terms of the structure and development of in Russian children between early childhood and school years.
Язык оригиналаанглийский
Страницы (с-по)53-65
Число страниц13
ЖурналPsikhologicheskii Zhurnal
Номер выпуска3
СостояниеОпубликовано - 1 мар 2020
Fingerprint Подробные сведения о темах исследования «Effortful control in childhood: Factor structure, gender and age effects». Вместе они формируют уникальный семантический отпечаток (fingerprint).


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UNTIL [FOOD] JUSTICE…JUST IS.
YWCA Greater Cleveland is proud to be a part of the Until Justice…Just Is campaign. Join us as we cover a different topic each month to explore some of the many areas in which true justice is needed, and what we can do to achieve equity in our community and our country until justice…just is.
This month, we believe that all people have a right to the foods needed to live a healthy and fulfilled life. Keep reading to take a deeper dive into how we can work to make this a reality until food justice…just is. _TAG_.
WE ADVOCATE FOR ELIMINATION OF FOOD INSECURITY
- According to the USDA, food insecurity is a lack of consistent access to enough food for every person in a household to live an active, healthy life.
- It is estimated that over 42 million Americans are food insecure in 2021.
- Food deserts are areas where residents have limited or no access to affordable and nutritious food.
- Unable to access food, food deserts can cause severe food insecurity.
- 23.5 million Americans live over 1 mile from a grocery store.
- With limited access to transportation, this severely decreases a community's ability to eat and force them to rely on alternative sources such as convenience stores and fast food options.
- Communities of color are more likely to live in a food desert and/or be food insecure due to structural racism and disinvestment in these communities.
- Nationally, Black households are twice as likely and Latinx households are 1/5 more likely than white households to be food insecure
- Food insecurity can cause complex negative mental and physical health outcomes.
- Food insecurity does not exist in isolation. People facing food insecurity are often affected by multiple issues like structural racism, lack of affordable housing, social isolation, health problems, low wages, and more.
- Addressing the interconnected causes of food insecurity, including racism as a public health crisis.
- Expansion of the availability of programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and raising the minimum wage to a living wage to ensure healthy foods are available and affordable to all people.
- Widespread education and assistance around the importance of making healthy food choices.
- Provide free and nutritious school lunches for students so that no child goes hungry and is able to build a strong educational foundation.
- Localizing food systems to ensure complete food security, self-sufficiency, and autonomy over food choices.
Where We Stand
YWCA Greater Cleveland believes that all people have a right to food security. Our mission to eliminate racism and empower women is directly dependent on our communities' ability to live a sustainable and healthy life.
Our initiatives to address racism as a public health crisis actively include the interconnected health risks of food insecurity because food security must be addressed as a racial issue.
Our facilities such as Norma Herr Women's Center and Cogswell Hall ensure guests will not face food insecurity and have abundant access to healthy foods during their stay.
WE ADVOCATE FOR FOOD SOVEREIGNTY
- Food sovereignty is the right of people to healthy, culturally appropriate foods. This includes their right to define these foods and methods of production.
- Food sovereignty places a large emphasis on sustainable and culturally relevant food systems and production methods.
- Historically, indigenous communities have been systematically excluded from food access and choices with no consideration of their cultural food habits, leading to mass food insecurity.
- Land rights of indigenous people is a major focus of the food sovereignty movement, based on the belief that indigenous people have a right to grow and eat food that is relevant to their culture and traditions.
- Current food systems drastically contribute to global environmental decay. Full food sovereignty optimizes ecosystems and localizes food systems.
- Full food sovereignty for communities wishing to exercise this right, including full ownership and access to land and growing systems.
- Centering the needs and voices of communities desiring food sovereignty to ensure their needs are met by federal policy and practice changes.
- Addressing the negative ecological impact of current food systems and actively working to combat these with localization of food systems.
- Allow self-sufficiency in granting food sovereignty to communities, especially indigenous communities.
Where We Stand
YWCA Greater Cleveland believes that all people have a right to healthy food. Further, we promote a goal of self-sufficiency of those seeking support. Food sovereignty guarantees both of these and we recognize its importance.
As we stand in solidarity with those working to ensure full food sovereignty, we continue to address immediate food needs in our community by ensuring complete food access in our facilities such as Norma Herr Women's Center and Cogswell Hall.
WE ADVOCATE FOR NUTRITIOUS FOOD
- Systemically racist practices such as segregation, food deserts, limited access to healthcare, and more combine to make eating a healthy diet extremely difficult.
- This causes disproportionate rates of negative mental and physical health effects linked to food consumption.
- One example of this is that limited access to food and/or financial instability often forces people to make difficult decisions between health and hunger.
- Convenience stores and unhealthy, shelf-stable foods are often the best and only choice for families with limited options.
- If negative health effects/conditions due to food consumption are experienced, trauma-informed healthcare that treats patient ailments comprehensively is often inaccessible (See Until Health Justice…Just Is).
- For example, diet recommendations made by healthcare professionals often do not consider food access or cultural food practices.
- Immediate, widespread healthcare access to those experiencing health problems due to poor food consumption.
- Increase of supportive services to empower people to make healthier food choices using relevant food sources.
- Widespread expansion of government food assistance programs.
- Centering the voices of communities of color who are most impacted by food insecurity and its negative health outcomes to ensure their needs are truly being met.
- Increased access to affordable, healthy foods, allowing people to live healthier lives.
Where We Stand
YWCA Greater Cleveland believes that all people have a right to access the foods needed to live a healthy life. Our 2020-2025 Strategic Plan specifically emphasizes our goal of healthy women and girls of color in our community. This is directly dependent upon access to affordable, healthy food and supportive services to assist in making healthy food choices.
We address immediate community needs in assisting those we serve in making healthy food choices and accessing healthcare when needed in our facilities and programs such as Norma Herr Women's Center, Cogswell Hall, and Independence Place.


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This dissertation reports three studies about what it means for teachers and students to reason with frames of reference: to conceptualize a reference frame, to coordinate multiple frames of reference, and to combine multiple frames of reference. Each paper expands on the previous one to illustrate and utilize the construct of frame of reference. The first paper is a theory paper that introduces the mental actions involved in reasoning with frames of reference.
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- Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics 2019


TY - JOUR AU - Debangana Mishra PY - 2021/03/14 Y2 - 2021/04/12 TI - Exploring the Virulent Jazz Counterculture in Mumbo Jumbo JF - FORUM: University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal of Culture & the Arts JA - FORUM VL - 0 IS - 31 SE - Articles DO - 10.2218/forum.31.5494 UR - _URL_ AB - This article will be focusing on Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo (1972), a vibrant postmodernist text, which offers a fresh perspective on the rise of black popular culture in the form of Jes Grew, which is largely informed by jazz and neo-hoodoo aesthetics. Jes Grew, the phenomenon which binds the multifaceted text in cohesion and brings together elements from History, Jazz and Afrofuturism, is communicated by using the metaphor of a virulent diseasethe Jes Grew pandemic. The article is a work in cultural studies, attempting to map the evolution of the counter culture that Jes Grew represents and its effect on identity. This mapping is achieved by viewing the equation of the Jazz counter-culture with the Jes Grew pandemic. Jes Grew decodes the cultural and racial politics Mumbo Jumbo is invested in by destabilising the meaning and perspective attached to 'disease' and adapting it to an entirely new climate of cultural reclamation and celebration by deconstructing the dominant culture defined illness (Jes Grew in the text) and reinterpreting it as potentially healing and liberating. The discussion of the politics and aesthetics of this counter-culture mainly hinges on the central metaphor of the Jes Grew pandemic operating throughout the narrative. Raymond Williams' work on culture studies and Stuart Hall's theory on the formation and representation of cultural identities are particularly helpful in discussing the issues of culture and identity that are in dialogue with the narrative. ER -


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On the heels of his previous paper finding that participating in political activities such as voting is influenced in part by genes, political scientist James Fowler and his graduate student Christopher Dawes announced that they've identified two genes that are associated with voting itself.
In the current issue of The Journal of Politics, Fowler and Dawes identify particular variants of the MAOA and 5HTT genes, both of which are part of the biological pathway that influences mood, emotion and judgment, as being "significantly associated with the decision to vote."
Based on the description above, it's easy to see how the serotonin pathway can affect social behaviors. Serotonin is a chemical in the brain that can induce feelings of happiness. Studies have shown that MAOA and 5HTT have different functions on the pathway, and variants of each gene have been linked to particular behaviors.
For example, the version of 5HTT with a slightly shorter genetic sequence has been associated with producing low levels of serotonin. Studies indicate that the "short" version of the gene has been linked to conditions such as alcohol dependence and bipolar depression.
Similarly, MAOA has highand low-activity versions. The high-activity version has been linked with restless legs syndrome while the low-activity version, which is also associated with producing low serotonin levels, has been linked to increased sleep apnea and more severe symptoms of autism.
Because the "long" version of 5HTT and the "high" version of MAOA have been correlated with social behaviors, Fowler and Dawes proposed these as candidate genes for voting participation. They then looked at population data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to find confirmation of their theory.
Known as Add Health, the study itself consists of data collected from more than 15,000 young adults who the researchers tracked for seven years between 1994 and 2001. Among the questions the now 18-26 year-old participants answered for the researchers toward the end of the study were how often they'd attended church services in the past year and whether or not they voted in the 2000 presidential election.
Fowler and Dawes based their conclusions on the data collected from a subset of 2,300 Add Health participants because information for six genetic markers, including 5HTT and MAOA, were also collected from them. They correlated the genetic information with the answers from the surveys to find out if their candidate genes would turn out to play a role in voter turnout.
Turns out they found a couple of links. "Having a high MAOA allele," Fowler and Dawes wrote in their paper, "raises the likelihood of voting by about 5%. Among people active in their religious organizations, having a long 5HTT allele raises the likelihood of voting by about 10%."
Given the age range of the study participants, and the timing, it's worth asking some questions about these conclusions. Fowler and Dawes themselves note that the young adults might have been voting for the first time during the 2000 election; the historic significance of that contest might have been a motivator along with theoretically being genetically inclined towards pro-social behavior. Having older participants in the study might have been able to provide the researchers with a more constant voting behavior perspective.
What Fowler and Dawes don't discuss, though, is the role of religion during the 2000 election. One study published last year found that 25 percent of the public said their voting decisions for the 2000 election were influenced by the religious media. Another study found that members of evangelical Protestant churches form tight social networks that promote civic involvement such as political participation within these communities.
In short, the correlation between the long 5HTT version, religious involvement and voting might be a little more complicated than Fowler and Dawes contend.


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The Archaeological Society of Delaware (ASD) is a Non-Profit 501c3 Organization, founded in 1933 by avocational and professional archaeologists to study and appreciate the archaeological heritage of Delaware and the surrounding region.
Our mission is to:
- Educate our members and the public about archaeology.
- Support professional archaeological investigations in Delaware and the surrounding region.
- Report on activity within Delaware and the surrounding region.
- Promote interest and participation in archaeology and related activities.


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The character encoding used by your computer depends on the operating system used - Windows uses the ANSI character set, whereas Macintosh uses the Macintosh character set.Therefore, the characters returned by the Excel Char Function for specific number codes may differ across operating environments.
The Excel Char function returns the character relating to a supplied number (from 1 to 255), within the character set used by your computer.
- note that the character set may vary across different operating systems and so the Char function may return different results on different computers.
The syntax of the Char function is :
Where the number argument is a number from 1 to 255, and can be supplied to the function either directly or as a reference to a cell containing a number.
The following spreadsheet uses the Excel Char function to return the character associated with different supplied numeric values.
The format of the function is shown in the spreadsheet on the left and the results are shown in the spreadsheet on the right - Note that these results are from the Ansi character set (used on the Windows operating system).
One handy use of the char function is when inserting line breaks into text. This is shown in the example below (Note that, in the Ansi character set, the line break is given by the numer code 10) :
Note that, in the example above, in order to display the result with the line break, you will need to ensure that the cell text wrapping is enabled. To do this :
Further information and examples of the Excel Char Function are provided on the Microsoft Office website.
If you get an error from the Excel Char function, this is likely to be the _TAG_! error :
|_TAG_!||-||Occurs if the supplied number argument is not recognised as a numeric value or is a number outside of the permitted range 1 to 255.|


A question that has always intrigued me is: "Imagine a star moving as it evolves into a black hole, Ignore the effect of debris from the supernova. Assume also that before the collapse, the star was moving significantly. How precisely does the information that the star is moving propagate out? Especially the information on the change in the gravitational field."
Now of course the first point is that once the mass collapses beyond the event horizon, we can no longer know that the mass is moving. However we can observe that the event horizon, and surface phenomena are behaving as though the contained mass is moving. Or maybe not, it could be that the event horizon becomes a static sphere, but that just doesn't feel right intuitively.
In any event, the starting point of such an analysis would be to preform a Lorentz, transform on the Schwarzschild solution, and then perhaps study the normal-modes (?) of the resulting solution. Before I begin to do that, does anyone know if that has been done and "published"?
 - $\begingroup$ Comment to the question (v2), since OP mentions Schwarzschild (rather than e.g. Kerr) metric: Concerning (the unrealistic case of) a non-rotating spherically symmetric gravitational collapse, see also Birkhoff's theorem. $\endgroup$ – Qmechanic Feb 25 '14 at 11:16
 - $\begingroup$ Regarding Birkhoff's theorem. I'm pretty sure that the solution would not be spherically symmetric. $\endgroup$ – Mouse.The.Lucky.Dog Feb 25 '14 at 11:27
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Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


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Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) was first described by Sir Thomas Lewis in 1910. In the AIVR heart rhythm, your lower heart chambers beat slower than normal. With this type of rhythm, your heart's ventricles or lower chambers may start your heartbeat, if your natural pacemaker located in the upper chambers is unable to pace the heart.
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is a ventricular rhythm consisting of three or more consecutive wide QRS complexes, with gradual onset and gradual termination. AIVR is usually seen during acute myocardial infarction reperfusion (following thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention), and rarely manifests in people with completely normal hearts or with structural heart disease.
How to Spot Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm on Your Watch ECG
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is traditionally defined as an ectopic rhythm with more than 3 consecutive premature beats, with gradual onset and gradual termination, and usually competitive with the sinus rhythm.
These are the characteristics of how you identify accelerated idioventricular rhythm:
- Rhythm: Regular (in most cases)
- P Wave: Absent
- PR Interval: Not measurable
- QRS: Wide (>0.12 sec), bizarre-looking
Unlike ventricular tachycardia, which is faster than 100 beats per minute, accelerated idioventricular rhythm has a rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Common Symptoms of Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is usually a benign and well-tolerated arrhythmia. Most cases of AIVR will require no immediate treatment for this dysrhythmia because AIVR is usually self-limiting and resolves when the sinus rate exceeds that of the ventricular foci. Usually, people with accelerated idioventricular rhythm don't have any symptoms. If they do, they include:
- Passing out
- Heart palpitations
Any Cause for Concern?
For most people, accelerated idioventricular rhythm is harmless and goes away without treatment. However, if your heart palpitations don't stop and you get lightheaded, you may need further evaluation. Other options include medication or procedures to get your heart rhythm back to normal.
As always, if you show signs of a potential accelerated idioventricular rhythm, contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible to rule out the presence of harmful underlying conditions.
Still Not Sure How to Spot Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm on Your Watch ECG?
Your smartwatch can be your partner in looking after your heart. If you're concerned about accelerated idioventricular rhythm, get your smartwatch ECGs reviewed by experts within minutes on the QALY app: iOS and Android.


Last updated on March 17, 2014 at 15:28 EDT
Thanks For The Memories
June 30, 2011
How easy is it to falsify memory? New research at the Weizmann Institute shows that a bit of social pressure may be all that is needed. The study reveals a unique pattern of brain activity when false memories are formed "" one that hints at a surprising connection between our social selves and memory.
They were later invited back to the lab to retake the test while being scanned in a functional MRI (fMRI) that revealed their brain activity. This time, the subjects were also given a "lifeline": the supposed answers of the others in their film viewing group (along with social-media-style photos). Planted among these were false answers to questions the volunteers had previously answered correctly and confidently. The participants conformed to the group on these "planted" responses, giving incorrect answers nearly 70% of the time.
But were they simply conforming to perceived social demands, or had their memory of the film actually undergone a change? To find out, the researchers invited the subjects back to the lab to take the memory test once again, telling them that the answers they had previously been fed were not those of their fellow film watchers, but random computer generations. Some of the responses reverted back to the original, correct ones, but close to half remained erroneous, implying that the subjects were relying on false memories implanted in the earlier session.
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Zoltán Attila Liktor: The person behind the spirit and concept of the Golden Bull of Hungary (1222). Nr. 2022/07.
Hungary celebrates this year the 800th anniversary of the promulgation (1222) of the Golden Bull of Hungary sealed by King Andrew II of Jerusalem (1205–1235), one of the greatest ruler of the country. During the middle ages the Apostolic Kingdom of Hungary, founded by King Saint Stephen (1000–1038), was one of the most powerful realms in the Christian World. The edict had been serving as the most important and emblematic document of the historical constitutional system of Hungary until the revolution of 1848 which brought fundamental changes. Although the charter of rights issued by King Andrew II shows perfectly the specialities of the Hungarian Theory of State (Theory of the Holy Crown), and it was object of various (comparative) researches before, however it is still unclear under what influence the document was written. Its author, the Royal Chancellor Cletus, later bishop of Eger also remained out of picture, however he probably could be the key to answer the question.
In memoriam of a patriotic Hungarian noble statesman, Cletus from the clan Beyl, bishop of Eger on the octocentenary of the promulgation of the Golden Bull
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January 26, 2021
Why Functional Threshold Pace Testing Is Useful (And How To Do It)
The Functional Threshold Pace (FTPa) field test is useful for determining training zones and tracking fitness progression. Here's how to do it.
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If you want a way, outside of racing, to track improvements in your running performance, Functional Threshold Pace (FTPa) field testing could be just what you're looking for.
The best thing about this test is that it's free, anyone can do it, and it can be done almost anywhere and at any time. It's similar to the MAF Test we talked about previously, but where the MAF Test tracks your aerobic progress, this test tracks your (as the name implies) Functional Threshold.
Besides providing a way to track your fitness progression, the test's output also allows you to calculate training zones specific to your current level of fitness.
What Is Functional Threshold Pace?
Simply put, FTPa is the best average pace you can currently sustain for around 60 minutes. It's a measure of both your speed and endurance, and it provides useful feedback about your current fitness across all distances from 5km to marathon.
Knowing your threshold running pace is valuable for three reasons:
 1. It indicates your current running fitness.
 2. You can use it to determine your training zones.
 3. You can use the test results to help predict your time or pace for other races.
Three Common Ways To Determine Functional Threshold Pace
There are three common methods that runners and triathletes use to determine their FTPa.
 1. Lactate testing in a lab.
 2. 60-minute field test.
 3. 20-minute field test.
Lactate testing is my preferred method, but not everyone has access to a lab or wishes to invest the money. The 60-minute test is arguably the next most accurate behind the lactate test, but it puts a tremendous load on your body. It can interfere significantly with your training due to the recovery needed post-test.
The final option is the 20-minute test, my preference when lactate testing is not an option, and that's the focus of the remainder of this article.
Factors To Consider Before Your Test
Before deciding when to run an FTPa field test, you need to consider certain factors to maximise your run and get the most reliable result to establish your training zones.
Below are the factors that you have control over, and that can influence your test. Please consider each carefully and aim to keep things as consistent as possible between tests.
Physical Condition
The 20-minute test is challenging and puts a tremendous strain on your body. Do not attempt this test if you are ill or suffering from any form of niggle. You want to be in good condition when you run this test.
Time Of Day
Depending on where you live, we recommend that you conduct this test early morning or late evening when it is cooler. That way, you can avoid the added stress of heat and humidity.
Make sure you adequately hydrate before the test. If you are conducting the test in the morning, you will wake from sleep dehydrated. Preload with sodium (300-500mg) to assist your cardiovascular system 30-minutes before you start. The same applies if you run late in the evening. Hydrate well throughout the day and preload with added sodium 30-minutes before you start your run.
When conducting this test, you must run on a flat surface. Research a route near you beforehand where you know there is little to no change in elevation. The test must be continuous and uninterrupted, so plan a course that does not have traffic lights in your way. Stay away from tall buildings to avoid GPS and pace errors because they can cause interference with your monitor that could put your results at
risk. If you run on a treadmill, set the gradient to 1.5%.
Hours Of Sleep
Getting enough sleep is paramount when it comes to assisting your body. Aim for 7+ hours the night before the test. A lack of sleep will force your body to work harder than usual to manage the test's applied stress. This fatigue can lead to elevated heart rate, reduced output, and a false result.
Heart Rate Monitor
We strongly encourage you to use a heart rate strap for this test. Straps provide more accurate and reliable measurements and increase the validity of your results.
If that's not possible, use your wrist-based monitor, but ensure it's tight and reading as accurately as possible before you begin.
Cut Race Times, Not Corners.
Racing at your potential and enjoying training is easy when you're following the right programme.
How To Do A 20-Minute Functional Threshold Pace Field Test
 - Before the test, run Easy for 10 – 15-minutes, with Accelerations (optional), to warm-up adequately. An effective warm-up is essential to maximising your performance and minimising your injury-risk.
 - Next, run a 20-minute time trial all by yourself (no training partners and not in a race). Running alone is crucial for ensuring the most accurate result.
 - Run the test as if it was a race for the entire 20-minutes – that is, hard. You should run all 20-minutes at the maximum pace you can sustain for 20-minutes.
 - Aim to run an even pace throughout. If you end up slowing down significantly towards the end, then you pushed too hard at the start, and you should adjust for future tests.
 - Upon completion, do an Easy 10min jog to cool down properly. We also recommend you do some light stretching to aid in recovery.
What Now?
Upon completing the test, take your average heart rate and pace of the entire 20-minute time trial. Subtracting 5% from each number will give you an approximation of your lactate threshold pace and heart rate.
With lactate threshold pace and heart rate established, you can plug those numbers into an online calculator to determine your training zones.
You can also compare your results to past results or races to gauge how your fitness progresses over time.
When To Test Again
Testing every 8 – 10-weeks is a good guideline, although you should not be dogmatic and should set your testing schedule to suit your goals and current physical condition.
Related Articles
Why MAF Testing Is Useful (And How To Do It)
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How To Calculate Heart Rate Zones
Ben Pulham
Ben Pulham is the founder of Coached, a personalised training programme that helps runners & triathletes optimise, track and enjoy their training.


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ATV Safe Riding Tips
ATV riding has become very popular for work and recreation, backcountry roads and trail systems provide a wide range of recreational opportunities for responsible riding on public lands. These many opportunities range from ATV touring, hiking, hunting, fishing, and other public land uses, such as unconfined vehicle use at designated ATV Open Area Parks". Please take good care of our trails and roadways so that others may enjoy these areas for years to come by practicing some of the following actions:
- Plan ahead. The weather can change rapidly.
- Carry all necessary supplies including an emergency repair kit, food, water and warm clothing.
- Develop a supply checklist to include the above items and other equipment such as area maps and guides, protective gear, flashlight, sunscreen, etc.
- Know what to wear. Quality helmets, gloves, boots, goggles and protective clothing will keep you comfortable and help prevent serious injuries.
- Know your vehicle. Keep it in good condition and read the owner's manual.
- Let someone know where you're going and when you expect to return.
- Travel with other people.
- Know before leaving what to do in an emergency.
Trail use guidelines
- Respect all private and public property and the rights of all recreationists to enjoy nature.
- Park considerately without blocking other vehicles or impeding access to trails.
- Keep to the right when meeting other recreationists and yield the right-of-way to downhill traffic.
- Slow down and use caution when approaching or overtaking another.
- Travel only where motorized vehicles are permitted.
- Respect designated areas, trail use signs and established ski tracks. Stay out of wilderness areas.
- Do not block the trail when stopping.
- Do not disturb wildlife. Avoid all areas posted for their protection or feeding.
- Do not litter. Pack out everything you pack in.
- Realize that your destination and travel speed are determined by your equipment, ability, terrain, weather and traffic on the trail. Plan accordingly.
- Do not interfere with or harass others. Recognize that people form opinions about all motorized vehicle users based on your actions.


diesel, and natural gas. Work it out for yourself: One gallon of gasoline produces about 22 pounds of CO2 out the tailpipe. How many gallons of gasoline do YOU burn every year? Multiply that by 22. Say you drive 15,000 miles a year; say your vehicle gets 15 miles per gallon; then YOU produce 22,000 pounds of CO2 per year all by yourself, NOT counting the natural gas and electricity used by your home!
Say Lubbock County has a hundred thousand drivers, all doing the same; that's 2.2 billion pounds of CO2 per year from Lubbock drivers!! NOT counting commercial trucks! All told, we in Lubbock county probably put something like ten billion pounds of CO2 into the air each year by burning fossil fuels for energy. All by our little insignificant selves in little old Lubbock.
Really, the effect is two fold. No. 1, you burn fuel that was stored underground for millions and millions of years and you are releasing the heat energy that was stored up in that fuel. No. 2, you produce carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide when it is in the atmosphere traps more solar heat. So there are two ways the earth gets hotter.
Here's another way to look at it. Throw a log onto the fire in your fireplace. The log burns, right? The heat that comes from burning that log was the energy of sunlight collected and stored up by that tree over decades if not centuries. And in only a few minutes, you are releasing all that energy! Along with the CO2 that the tree took from the air over many years.
Same with gasoline, diesel and natural gas. In only 150 years, we humans have burned up and liberated much of the energy that was collected and stored by trillions of organisms over a span of 300,000,000 years. How can anyone think that such a radical and sudden change has no significant consequences?
Friday, February 24, 2012
Light Green for Death
Bothers me a lot that someone can run a red light, kill another person, and get away scot-free except for a higher insurance premium. But that's the sum of it when it comes to Suzanne Tubberville running a red light back in November.
It seems at some point -- the police department was uncertain when or if -- she did get a ticket for running that red light and smashing into a car and sending two old people to the hospital and one of them to the morgue after months of misery and worry.
The ticket,, we are given to understand, was dismissed. Dismissed because she took a driver's ed class. Which was apparently the second driver's ed class she took in 2011 in order to get a ticket dismissed for running a red light and smashing into a car. I thought we were limited to one ticket dismissal per year. Seems I am wrong, at least for tickets given to some people.
If she had been drunk she would have been jailed and charged with vehicular manslaughter or something similar. Quite possibly there would have been prison time.
Here she was not drunk as far as we know. The result -- a death -- was exactly the same and yet she walks. What kind of fucking justice is that?
There was a crime committed -- a red light run -- but the fucking court allowed that to be taken off the table.
This sort of thing has gotten under my skin before, when a driver smashed into a city employee and left him a paraplegic, from pure careless driving. If that driver had been drunk, they would have thrown the book at her. As it was, for precisely the same result, she walked.
Stupidly dangerous driving while sober is to my limited understanding more serious than driving badly while intoxicated. I mean, a drunk driver has an excuse for stupidity. What kind of excuse does a sober driver have? And why do we let such a person loose on the streets?
If there is the same harm done, why isn't the penalty the same? There ain't no fucking justice here.
Saturday, February 11, 2012
Lubbock Links
Want to put up some links to forums and such that might be of interest. Talk Lubbock, which is still up and running despite the notice back in January that it was shutting down. Started by Mr. C of the old LOL forums. Lubbock Views and Voices, a forum started one may assume when the shit hit the fan at Talk Lubbock. An exercise and activity forum I started several years ago. It has more links to various related Lubbock sites and info like caving and bike routes. Clif Burnett's blog with a link to his latest forum. Clif started at least three other forums after I pointed out how over at Talk Lubbock. A couple of his forums I joined and posted in; he banned me right quick from one when I argued with him; he also disabled comments on his blog when I started commenting; Clif Burnett, champion of free speech. Wolfman's forum, started I think sometime after the old Talk Amarillo site folded and has been quite successful. Participants from all over West Texas. A little too tame for me. If you want to make nicy and have internet coffee with the neighbors that's a good site. "Here In Lubbock." This is sort of a franchised site for different localities. Links to some local news and events. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal website and gateway to some local blogs they host; comments on news enabled. A really neat politics/campaigning forum started by a guy known in other forums as "Hub City Progressive" or Arch. Never really got off the ground. :(
Monday, January 30, 2012
Opened the paper today to find that a childhood playmate died. We didn't play exactly; every time we met we fought, and I, a confirmed sissy, mostly kept away from him.
I remember one time I didn't want to play but stayed in the car, and when he was hitting at me playfully through the window I stuck out a fist and caught him on the side of the head and brought tears. Later in his yard he caught me on the side of the jaw with a roundhouse kick and when he saw how hard he had hit me, invited me to go to the store on the corner with him for candy. (Those days many Lubbock neighborhoods had houses converted to a little store in the front room, where kids could buy candy and cold drinks and ice cream; that was before the days of convenience stores.) On the way to the store I started to black out and had to put my head between my legs.
He was always trying out on me moves that he saw on TV wrestling, or at Lubbock's Fairpark Colliseum. I remember getting into a hold he learned by watching the Sheik. He sat astride my back as I lay in the dirt, put his hands on my forehead and pulled hard.
One triumph I had was when he threw a long pole about 3" thick and 8 ft.long at me while I cowered behind a car. The pole struck the car roof and bounced up and I accidently caught it, causing him to run. There was usually a wrecked car in their yard, because he had several brothers and they were always wrecking their cars.
One of the last times I saw him he came to my house and tried to string a bow the wrong way and split the wood. So it went. I never called him a friend, did I? But neither do I think of him as an enemy, now.
I think maybe the first time I met him was when I was taken to a revival meeting at an outdoor place south of 34th on Ave H. His mother was quite religious. I don't remember any preaching but do remember running around with other kids there. That was about the only time I ever went to such a thing.
He was one of a large family living in a tar paper clad house in Arnett-Benson, that lived hard, loved promiscuously and died early. Two brothers and one sister predeceased him. They were always getting arrested for something. Their mom must have kept the numbers of bailbondsmen by the phone.
For a brief time we went to school together, when he had been kicked out of another school for saying something to a teacher. Then I heard he had a pregnant girlfriend; he would have been 16 or 17 then.
Curious, I googled his name today. He died as an inmate in an area prison medical facility, serving out a 4-year sentence for DWI. I saw he had been involved in a marijuana bust back about the same time as the DWI.
He was only 59.
I'm sure there was much more to him and to his life, but this is all I know. If he were writing my obit, he'd say that I was a coward, a bore, who never had any fun and didn't know how to. He would have been right.
I think on him with a combination of sympathy and envy. He may not have had a happy life or a long one, but by golly he lived--or


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The E3 Renewable Energy Capacity Planning model (RECAP) assesses generation resource adequacy for a power system based on loss-of-load probability analysis. We developed RECAP in 2011 to meet system reliability planning needs under high renewable penetration, and have used it to help many utilities in a variety of situations. It is a publicly available tool.
- We applied RECAP to calculate reliability metrics such as loss-of-load probability, loss-of-load expectation, expected unserved energy, and effective load-carrying capability (ELCC) on behalf of both the California ISO and the Western Electric Coordinating Council to support their reliability assurance missions.
- For Oregon's Portland General Electric (PGE), a utility with 3,600 MW peak demand, we calculated a planning reserve margin (PRM) that meets a 1-day-in-10-year generation reliability standard. We used the 15.3 percent PRM to determine capacity needs in PGE's 2016 integrated resource plan. E3 also determined the effective load-carrying capability (ELCC) for PGE's existing fleet of wind resources and for combinations of new wind and solar resources under consideration.
- We used RECAP to calculate the ELCC of new and existing renewable resources as well as demand response programs for the Sacramento Municipal Utilities District. The results of our studies are used in the district's integrated resource planning process to help estimate the need for new capacity resources.


quircinfo -- Reduction scripts for Hokupa'a/QUIRC data
The QUIRC package contains tasks for processing Hokupa'a/QUIRC data obtained at Gemini North. The specifics of the individual tasks can be found in their help files. This document describes the common features of the tasks and gives a description of the Hokupa'a/QUIRC data format.
The tasks are designed to provide a fast nearly "hands-off" reduction as well as the flexibility to optimize the hidden parameters to achieve the best possible results.
The tasks produce logfiles of the performed processing steps. The name of the logfile may be set in each individual task, or at the package level by setting quirc.logfile.
The tasks add header keywords to the output images. These header keywords contain information about the performed processing steps and the values of the critical parameters for the tasks that were used.
All data from Hokupa'a/QUIRC are simple FITS images. The QUIRC package is designed to process the images as simple FITS. It is recommended to use imtype="fits". This is set automatically when loading the GEMINI package.
QFLAT - Derive flat field and bad pixel mask for QUIRC
QFLAT is used for deriving normalized flat fields as well as bad pixel masks for the Hokupa'a/QUIRC data. The input images are dome flat fields (or GCAL flat fields) and darks. The output images are the normalized flat field and a bad pixel mask. The user can choose to produce both output images or only one of these.
QFASTSKY - Derive sky image for QUIRC, median or min/max filtering
QFASTSKY is used for determination of sky images by median or min/max filtering. There is made no attempt to specifically flag objects in the sky images. The task is mostly used for QuickLook reductions at the telescope.
QSKY - Derive sky image for QUIRC, includes flagging of objects
QSKY is used for determination of sky images. Objects in the input images are flagged using information about the FWHM of the PSF and the signal in the objects. It is recommended to use QSKY rather than QFASTSKY for science quality reductions.
QREDUCE - Reduce images from QUIRC (sky, flat)
QREDUCE is used for sky subtraction and flat field correction of the science data.
For typical reductions the user will need appropriate flat fields and dark images, on-target science images and sky images. If the target is not extended and the field is uncrowded the on-target images may be used in place of the sky images. This assumes that sufficiently large dither steps were used during the observations.
1. Use QFLAT to derive normalized flat fields and a bad pixel mask.
2. Use QSKY (or alternatively QFASTSKY) to derive sky images. The near-IR sky level and structure varies during the night, and care should be taken to combine only sky images that are close enough in time to each other and to the relevant science images that such variations are non-significant. This may take some experimentation.
3. Use QREDUCE to subtract the sky images and apply the flat fields. Each filter should be processed separately, as QREDUCE takes only one sky image at the time as its input.
The processed images may be co-added with the task GEMTOOLS.IMCOADD.
Photometry may be derived with any suitable photometry package. It should be noted that images from Adaptive Optics systems have PSFs with very large wings. The PSF for Hokupa'a/QUIRC images varies slightly over the field of view. This variation is more noticeable the further adaptive optics guide star was from the observed field. Photometry packages like DAOPHOT should be used with caution.
The tasks in the QUIRC package are designed to operate on simple FITS images. The tasks will not work on multi-extension FITS files. The tasks should be used with imtype="fits". It cannot be guaranteed that all the tasks work as expected if imtype is set to any other image type.
qflat, qfastsky, qsky, qreduce


Why Is Sex Important In A Relationship?
Some People Say Sex Is Overrated, And Others Believe Otherwise. But In Reality, Sex Can Really Help You Beyond Just Your Bedroom. Find Out Why Sex Is Important In A Relationship, And How You Can Use It To Have A Better Life.
Sex feels great when you're indulging in it with someone you love passionately.
But why do so many people give it so much attention, and why is sex important in a relationship?
At first, no one really gave sex a thought beyond how good it made us feel while doing the deed.
But as the years passed by, we couldn't ignore the effects of sex anymore.
Think about it, having great sex feels awesome and makes you feel all warm and fuzzy. And as a matter of fact, sex is pretty important in a relationship for a lot of other reasons too.
So why is sex important?
We have sex for pleasure, for relaxation, for fun, frolic, and social status. You've heard of it and may even have had sex for all the above reasons, but can a tumble in the hay be serious business? Why is sex important and how can it change your life for the better?
You knew that having sex with a loved one is one of the best ways to get a good night's sleep. But did you know that a good round of making out in bed can restore your energy levels on days when you are feeling low? Did you know that lovemaking is nature's best medicine against depression?
And did you know that men enjoy sex because it reenergizes them physically, and women enjoy having sex because it reenergizes them emotionally? Did you know that all extremely intelligent or creative people have had… ahem… extremely active banging lives?
Importance of sex for important people
Read up on the private lives of Freud, Einstein, and all those whose professional careers were the staple diet of your school and university books. This is the case with most artists, scientists and even visionary political leaders. Lovemaking is, to them, an essential part of life. Unlike most athletes who are asked to abstain from jumping the bed before major tournaments (that too for reasons not proved), scientists have never been found wanting after a romp under the sheets.
Why does sex make you happy?
One answer could be the way the human body is wired. All the nerves in the human body come to roost in the brain. This is well-known. A good encounter in bed floods the brain with chemicals that relax the brain. Researchers have documented that this flooding dulls pain and reduces stress levels.
Its effects on our energy levels and creativity are less researched and documented. It is known that high levels of energy are needed for bursts of creativity. But how do you get these high energy moments? The answer is in one word. Sex. Two words? Awesome sex!
The positive jolt that a good romp in bed gives your biochemical system is unbeatable!
Having sex with your partner can get the creative juices flowing and help increase focus. If you have an interview or a big meeting coming up and you need to be at your best, do not abstain from sex! A strong physical relationship will ensure that you stay on top of yourself.
Testing the importance of sex
One evening, when you're very tired, and all you want to do is plead the proverbial headache and turn away, try this experiment. Turn towards your spouse and get the hormones going gently, soon they will be raging. By morning, you will find yourself well rested and refreshed. What's more, you will spy the solution that has been evading you!
Sex is important in a relationship because it can make you a happier person, and can help you deal with stress and difficulties that you're having a hard time dealing with. And the best part, good sex works both ways. You'll feel great and your partner will feel great too.
In life, as much as you may deny that work pressure or financial difficulties don't bother your mind beyond working hours, it's just not true. No matter how cheerful we may seem on the outside, our mind needs to relax and get a good burst of happy energy. And that's where sex can play such a great and happy part.
A point to remember
Having sex with someone you love and trust can make you feel a lot better and that's why it's so important in a relationship. But at the same time, if you're having sex with someone outside the relationship, the effects of sex could actually reverse and backfire at times.
Sex should feel relaxing and loving, but if having sex makes you feel guilty or insecure, sex can actually leave you feeling more stressed and tired! A one night stand with someone you just met can leave you with mixed feelings. Sometimes it leaves you guilty and sometimes, you'd wake up with a stranger and a bad hangover!
So have sex and have lots of it. It'll make you happy, fun and a lot more relaxed. And why is sex important in a relationship? Well, because it's a pill that can give you a bigger boost of happiness than anything money can ever buy. Well, unless you're paying for sex!
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Interior with portraits, painting by Thomas le Clear showing two children posing for a photograph in the early days of photography (1865).
Poser-rendered woman, nude, in a standing pose.
A pose or posture is the way the movable parts of a human or animal body are turned and positioned. A pose is mainly determined by the limbs and the spine.
Anatomically, the joints connect the bones of the skeleton in a way that permits movement in certain directions. For every joint there is a limit in every direction it allows. The main limbs are mostly independent from another. However there are also some limbs that influence in certain ways the positions of other limbs. This is for anatomical reasons such as the arrangement of ligaments.
Typical human poses are standing, sitting, kneeling, lying, on all fours, etc. These are very broad terms, however. There is an infinity of pose variations and combinations.
Standing poses are called stances.
Poses and art[edit]
Poses are important elements of visual art because they express so much. A figure can not be drawn, painted, or sculpted without a pose.
To pose means to assume a pose and hold it for a while. Models pose for artists and photographers.
In comics and cartoons, poses are often exaggerated for a more humorous and impressive effect.
Digital 3D models can be manually posed (as if they were dolls) to create rendered art with software such as Poser or DAZ Studio.
Other areas[edit]
Postures are also very important in acting, dance, the military, sports, martial arts, Yoga, etc.
See also[edit]