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Data professionals and digital visionaries for the human-driven data economy
Creating a European data economy lies in the centre of the EU's Digital Single Market strategy. According to its rationale, digital data – both personal and non-personal – is an essential resource for economic growth, competitiveness, innovation, job creation and societal progress in general. In order to make the best possible use of digital data, Europe needs an army of visionary data workers. Yet, already now we are facing some severe shortages of data professionals.
Professionals and visionaries in charge of creating the digital future
According to International Data Corporation (IDC) and the Lisbon Council, in 2017 there was a total of 5.3 million of data professionals in EU27 and 6.7 million on the EU28. The number of workers who collect, store, manage or analyse data as their primary activity represent about 3% of the EU28 workforce. In IDC and the Lisbon Council's baseline forecast for the future, by 2025 there will be some 11.5 million data workers in the EU28.
Nevertheless, a structural imbalance persists between demand and supply of data skills in Europe – according to Cedefop, ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) professionals are among the top 5 mismatch priority occupations for EU28. The main reason is insufficient supply of graduates from upper-secondary and higher education to meet increasing demand. Presently almost 400,000 data professional positions remain unfilled in EU28.
But data professionals are not the only category of people we will need. Europe will also need digital visionaries – from business models creators, service designers, Artificial Intelligence (AI) engineers, to user experience designers – who would be able to make the best use of existing technologies to build innovative services. Technological advances such as AI, automation and robotics can create opportunities to improve our lives but we need real people with specific skill sets and cross-sectoral knowledge to make it happen.
For example, now algorithms and specialized software are already being used in healthcare to support human cognition in the analysis of complex data. While AI will most likely change dramatically diagnostic medicine, it is believed that it will also improve the quality of life of the growing population of elderly in developed countries. Yet, the full potential of new technologies can be utilized only if there are digital visionaries who are able to see it.
There is also a responsibility side to it. First, we need a "human-in-command" approach to AI that ensures that fundamental decisions are taken by humans. Data professionals and digital visionaries have a task of the utmost importance here – to ensure that people are at the centre of economic policy and business practice.
Second, all relevant ethical issues should be taken into account while processing data and designing services. Data protection is a fundamental human right linked to the autonomy and human dignity, and the principle that everyone should be valued and respected. Data professionals and digital visionaries should always keep in mind that the data they work with is rarely just numbers and that solutions and innovations they develop affect real people in real life.
It is already a truism to say that today's skills will not match the jobs of tomorrow. But what skills will we need for future jobs and how to ensure that they are acquired through education?
There seems to be a European consensus that in order to answer these challenges, policy makers and business leaders should pay more attention and invest into ICT and STEM skills through school systems and effective retraining for mid-career workers. Investments in data science education are also needed in the workplace (training on the job, creating multidisciplinary teams). The recognition of universal entitlement to lifelong learning, as suggested by ILO, seems to be inevitable.
While shortages in skills relate to such areas as mathematics, statistics, computer science and data-intensive scientific fields (experimental physics, molecular biology and bioinformatics), it is being more and more often suggested that in order to make the best use of big data, diverse skills are needed, including also for (data-aware) managers. The so-called right mix of skills and competencies would allow for combining quantitative training with an understanding of human behaviour and social systems in order to apply the insights that big data analytics can provide. Measures are also needed to address gender equality in the technology-enabled jobs of tomorrow.
The problem of supply of data professionals and digital visionaries for the human-driven data economy can be approached from many angles, including social, philosophical and ethical perspectives. We propose to focus discussion around the following questions:
- How to educate and train data professionals and digital visionaries in the human-driven data economy? What do we expect from the schooling system – producing of professionals who are skilled with advance analytics tools and methodologies and can work with gigabytes or terabytes of data, professionals who are more focused on troubleshooting, or both?
- Is there really a right mix of skills and competences for data professionals and digital visionaries that can be standardized and taught?
- What is the role of humanities in education and training of data professionals and digital visionaries? How to ensure that they will consider ethics in their work and know that the data they work with relates to real people? How to educate them about consequences of data misuse?
Sitra's guest atricles give a voice to the players of the future in different fields. They do not (necessarily) directly link to Sitra's work or agenda, but are the authors' thoughts on current issues that relate to the themes Sitra is passioned about.


The Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment, William Alo, says Nigeria needs assistance from the U.S in tackling the unemployment challenges bedeviling the country.
He spoke in Abuja when he received in audience a delegation from the U.S. Department of Labor, led by Kurt A. Petermeyer, the Regional Administrator, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
The Minister stated that assistance from the U. S. to upgrade the skill acquisition centres in the country would be of immense benefit to Nigeria, as it would enhance job creation.
Listing such crimes as child labour, forced labour and other ills as fallouts of unemployment, he believed that the repositioning of the Skills Acquisition Centres in the country would create more employment opportunities for the unemployed youths and others.
The Permanent Secretary acknowledged the U. S. as a long-standing dependable partner to Nigeria, and felt assured that U.S' intervention would help to reduce the crime rate among the youths, as many of them would get off the crime track when employed.
He noted that the visit was a follow-up to an earlier visit where Nigeria had sought assistance from the U.S. on the upgrading of the country's Skill Acquisition Centres and on other areas that would help in reducing unemployment in the country.
Speaking earlier, the Regional Administrator, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Kurt A. Petermeyer, said the group was on skills and facilities assessment visit to determine areas of possible assistance to Nigeria.
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Sets up and operates a multi-unit offset web printing press and coordinates press team members interactions on the press, ensuring each job is run according to customer specifications and meeting internal and external deadlines; maintains quality control and reduces waste or press downtime.
ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
- Examine job orders to determine quantities to be printed, stock specifications, colors, or special printing instructions. Ensure that press team members know job details to ensure proper press utilization.
- Ensure plates are correct for current job, or order plates when necessary and provide appropriate information when placing order, and/or coordinate with 2nd Press Operator.
- Verify that paper and ink meet the specifications for the job and/or coordinate with 2nd Press Operator.
- Initiate and perform make-readies, including instruction to other press team members to assist.
- Perform press operations to operate and run press, such as make-ready, folder operation, register color, and general press operations maintenance activities. Ensure press speed and quality are maintained.
- Coordinate efforts of all press team members to ensure press is set up and operated according to press schedule(s).
- Determine first save copies on all start-ups and/or instruct 2nd Press Operator to obtain copies.
- Collect and inspect random samples during print runs to identify any necessary adjustments and coordinate such efforts with 2nd Press Operator.
- Ensure quality standards required by customer are met and maintained. Perform press duties to achieve, maintain and monitor quality of signatures throughout the press run, including such things as: maintaining consistent color, registration and folds.
- Insure that correct proofs are available for each job and returned upon completion of the job (includes O.K.'d sheets).
- Pull proofs to check for ink coverage and density, alignment, and registration
- Direct press team members to establish and review a list of maintenance tasks to be performed during major make-readies.
- Direct and coordinate press team members interactions to insure proper press operations.
- Ensure proper color by setting color and adjusting color as required by quality requirements.
- Monitoring and direct press activities to ensure proper print quality.
- Verify that 2nd Press Operator uses the correct plates and determine when additional plates/blankets are necessary. Direct other press team members to dispose of plates in approved recycling containers.
- Ensure that 2nd Press Operator pulls and labels samples and/or office copies as required by job order or quality control or assist with pulls and samples.
- Ensure proper web tension to allow job to run at correct speed, direct other press team members to adjust and maintain proper web tension.
- Generate required records and waste reports or direct other press team members to complete documentation.
- Maintain waste within acceptable range as defined by management per the job.
- Assist other press team members as necessary to ensure that the press continues to run.
- Ensure proper housekeeping on and around press and work area by directing other press team members.
- Ensure that all safety mechanisms (such as guards, interlocks and other devices) are in proper condition and report any deficiencies to supervision immediately. Engage Lockout/Tagout if necessary.
- Attend and participate in required meetings and training.
- Must follow all company policies and procedures as specified in the departmental SOP's and in the Employee Handbook.
- Perform routine maintenance on the press with press team members as required to maintain press functionality. Direct other press team members on necessary work to keep press operational.
- Follow all company policies and procedures as specified in the departmental SOP's and in the Employee Handbook.
The above list of essential functions is not exhaustive and may be supplemented as necessary.
- Perform other duties as assigned
- Basic Computer skills related to press operations
- Basic Math skills
- High School Diploma or GED, or
- 5-7 years work experience gained through training in all phases of press work in the printing industry including, but not limited to:
- Knowledge of applicability of jobs to individual presses
- Ability to read and understand written instructions and set-up the press to carry out instructions
- Ability to problem-solve issues related to the press or press operations
- Thorough knowledge of press operations and functions
- Understanding of quality systems and how they relate to customer expectations
- 2+ years of work experience as a 2nd Press Operator in offset web environment
- 1+ years Heidelberg Harris 4/6/8 color presses in offset web environment
- 1+ years Goss Press experience in offset web environment
- Mechanical ability (working with machinery)
SUCCESS FACTORS/JOB COMPETENCIES:
Must be able to meet stringent deadlines. Must be organized and have the ability to plan, prioritize and follow through on projects assigned with minimal supervision required. Must be able to interact and cooperate with press team members and show an enthusiastic/positive attitude. Must have ability to communicate (verbal/written) with press team members and supervisors. Must be flexible in job shift assignments according to job press schedules, work overtime when required, and be able to cover other shifts when needed.
PHYSICAL DEMANDS AND WORK ENVIRONMENT:
The physical demands and work environment characteristics described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
- Physical Demands: While performing duties of job, incumbent is constantly required to stand; walk. Must frequently use hands to finger, handle, grasp, or feel objects, tools or controls; reach with hands and arms; talk and hear; use close vision, distant vision, color vision, peripheral vision, depth perception, and the ability to adjust focus. Employee must occasionally lift and/or move up to 75 pounds; crawl; crouch; stoop; twist.
- Work Environment: This position requires work in a production environment. The production environment has a loud noise level and requires PPE (hearing protection), ambient temperatures are warmer in the summer and colder in the winter, and may have exposure to vapors, chemicals, dust, and odors. Other PPE may be required related to specific tasks.
Trend Offset Printing, West Division
3791 Catalina Street
Los Alamitos, CA 90720
Email Human Resources

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


1. "To date, commercially available Brown's Gas electrolyzers[made in mainland China] have been hard to acquire, very expensive, of dubious quality, of limited gas capacity, and the technical operation is not very well supported"p2. Inventor George Wiseman website: Yull Brown Patents: 4,081,656 & 4,014,777
 2. "The first and most important difference in my BG series cell electrolyzer designs and most commercially available electrolyzers is that my design lacks a transformer of any kind" [yet it can run off wall AC]p3
 3. "The series cell design[eg: like an automobile battery-each?cell? has its own separate electrolyte and physically shares its plates in common with adjoining cells] turns nearly all the electricity taken from the wall into gas production, silently, and with very little waste heat. Series cell design allows simple, inexpensive compact size and light weight. P4.
 4. Two volts is dropped across each electrolyzer cell. There are 60 electrolyzer cells in series in a?series cell? design. 60 cells x 2 volts drop/cell =120vdc. If a full wave rectifier is used on the AC wall current, a limiting capacitor in series with the full wave rectifier load on the AC power line will automatically limited any difference in voltage. This completely eliminates using a step down transformer P20
 5. More than one third of the electricity going through the conventional single cell electrolyzer is wasted as wattage(heat) in the rectifiers. However, a 1200 watt series cell electrolyzer for Brown?s gas only dissipates 6 watts across the diodes in its full wave rectifier. Nota bene: [James, check George?s arithmetic on page 4. He says: "However, a 1200 watt series cell electrolyzer at 120 volts only needs to draw 5 amps. 1.2 volts times 5 amps equals 6 watts heating the diodes. Only a small heat sink is needed to cool these diodes, no fan." However, as I see it, at 1200 watts, a series cell electrolyzer at 120 volts needs to draw 10 amps. (P=ExI) A 1.2 volt drop across the bridge rectifier(.6v/diode,2diodes or? the rectifier) is 12 watts heating the diodes. As George says,?Only a small heat sink is needed to cool this, no fan.? I may have misread the text, or George has a seriously simple typo here-the hazards of desktop publishing. Your engineering friends would not forgive him this simple mistake if I am right.Call him and discuss these arguments on p4 with him. Perhaps he has just omitted a technical detail, I do not want to accuse him of a typo like this. I know he is telling the truth, because I saw him using a #2 cutting tip(quite large) with?tiny? high voltage diodes. The ones in a conventional torch are bigger than your fist and have immense heat sinks!] George-there is a seriou sly simple typo here in your calculations. You must correct this-it reflects badly on you to the casual reader who knows nothing about Brown?;s Gas. Felis Catus.
 6. The electrolyzer design is fairly safe as described in this book. The pressure switch allows easy, automatic operation. The bubbler reliably arrests backfires. The electronic liquid and temperature controls help prevent accidents. The pressure relief valve prevents electrolyzer bursting in case the pressure relief switch fails.p6
 7. We?ve done some testing on torch tip gas volume requirements. For most applications, including cutting inch thick steel a #0 torch tip or a #0-3 cutting tip is adequate. A 1,000 liter per hour electrolyzer will support these applications. 1,000 liters per hour requires 16 amps at 240VAC. P8.
 8. Volumes of gas needed to maintain a flame in various sized torch tips. The following chart shows minimum acceptable flame volumes in liters per hour and maximum possible volume(the volume at which the flame goes out due to excessive gas velocity) The " amps" side of the chart shows the DC amperage requirements for a 126 cell series cell electrolyzer, at 240 vdc to get the MINIMUM gas volume (L/h) required for the "Torch Tip". You can figure the Max. amperage in direct ratio to the liters Max. L/h produced. P8.
 9. Tip:
 Min. : L/h
 Max.: L/h
 Minimum Amps:
 10. Welding Glass: Brown?s Gas works great to weld glass and fuse it around various materials. If the torch is directed directly upon the cold glass, it shatters. I have found that I must heat the glass from the edge slowly with the torch at some distance till the glass heats up; then I can direct the flame on the glass to perform whatever welding or shaping I wish. If you do glasswork you will have to let the glass cool very slowly, putting it in an oven or hot sand, or it will shatter do to the stress o f cooling unevenly. P40
 11. Welding Iron: I found the flame tended to oxidize the iron, cutting it instread of welding it. It was difficult to form a "puddle" to weld with. In short, my experiemts with welding iron have been unsuccessful to date. Note: I was able to weld iron using gasoline as a modifier fluid. Check on George: in his lecture to the Tesla Society Symposium, he said he could weld broken cast iron?as good as new? using the gasoline modifier. This is a significant innovation using Brown?s Gas. P41.
 12. Cutting Cast Iron: Our Browns Gas torch cuts cast iron clean and fast. It is my understanding that cast iron is hard to cut with an oxy-acet torch, though I have been able to cut cast iron with an oxy acet torch. P41
 13. Welding Cast Iron: A welding torch #3 tip was able to make a nice puddle and easily welded cast iron. I was just melting it together with no flux of any kind. P41
 14. Cutting Iron: "I hooked the Browns Gas to the red hose, normally the acetylene hose, and I hooked the oxygen hose to a compressed oxygen bottle, with regulator set to 20psi. I was using a 1-3 cutting tip. When the iron was hot enough to cut, I depressed the lever and shot oxygen onto the metal IT WORKED GREAT "(authors italics)
 15. Steel can be cut with Brown?s Gas. The smaller the torch the better,gives a very thin cut. P41
 16. Welding Copper " The Brown?s Gas easily welded copper,using plain copper rod. P42
 17. Welding Aluminum: " I have gotten good results with aluminum using the type of rods that have flux inside it"p42
 18. Brazing: "I have had no trouble brazing at any time. The Brown?s Gas seems to braze as well as oxy-acet.
 19. Cost to Operate Compared to Oxy-Acetylene: p42 " Here we are paying about 4 cents per kilowatt hour.(Canada) Our 2500 Liter/hr electrolyzer draws about 10 kwh. This is 40 cents. At present, this electrolyzer uses about one liter per hour of di stilled water,when producing gas at 2500 liters per hour. I buy my water at 25cents/liter. Total cost per hour=65 cents. I bought my own little oxygen (50 cubic feet) and acetylene(40 cubic feet) bottles years ago. The deal is,I exchange these bottles f or full ones whenever I need more gas, paying for the gas but not paying rent on the bottles. It so happens that if I use my bottles down to dangerously low pressures, I can get 2500 liters of volume out of them. So, if I use gas at 2500 L/h, I can get o ne hour of use. It costs me $52 to fill these bottles. So, total cost per hour is $52. Thus my cost to operate the Brown?s Gas torch is nearly 99% less.?If I was paying '18 cents per kilowatt hour to operate the Brown?s Gas torch, it would cost $2.05/ hour to operate. (distilled water included) This would be 96% less operating cost. p42.
 20. Brown?s Gas is an exact mixture of two hydrogen and one oxygen in their atomic molecular form, written 2H0. I often call this mon-atomic to differentiate from "normal" hydrogen and oxygen gas in their di-atomic form, written as 2H 2:O2. At omic (or mon-atomic) H and O are COMPLETELY different from di-atomic H2 and O2. pp.43
 21. "It is very important for experimenters to realize that Brown?s Gas has properties and operating characteristics completely different from?ordinary? di-atomic hydrogen and oxygen mixtures. I cannot express the DIFFERENCE enough times because th is is a common mistake for people looking at Brown?s Gas to use?ordinary? hydrogen formulaes and logic to interpet the Brown?s Gas properties and characteristics. Using "ordinary" di-atomic


Thomas Grenier
Unifying Variational Approach and Region Growing Segmentation
by on Nov.09, 2011, under Region Growing, Research
Region growing is one of the most popular image segmentation methods. The algorithm for region growing is easily understandable but criticized for its lack of theoretical background. In order to overcome this weakness, we propose to
describe region growing in a new framework using a variational approach that we called Variational Region Growing
(VRG). Variational approach is commonly used in image segmentation methods such as active contours or level sets, but is rather original in the context of region growing. It relies on an evolution equation derived from an energy minimization, that drives the evolving region towards the targeted solution. Here, the energy minimization and the VRG robustness to the initial seeds location are performed on gray-level and color images. (pdf)
Jean-Loïc Rose(a), Thomas Grenier(b), Chantal Revol-Muller(b), Christophe Odet(b)
(a)LIRIS, CNRS UMR5205, Université Lyon 2, 69676 Bron cedex, France
(b)CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U630, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, France
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In this column, I'm continuing a mini-series on the development of the Serializer Deserializer (SerDes or SERDES) functions that are embedded into today's FPGAs. In my previous post on this topic, I discussed some of the current features of SerDes technology in FPGAs. Today, we continue the discussion and review some of the key challenges facing SerDes technology in FPGAs. (If you are new to SerDes technology, a good resource to use to review the basics is a DesignCon 2004 paper from Dave Lewis, titled "SerDes Architectures and Applications.")
Adding specialized features
Once the solid foundation features have been created, the FPGA architecture can layer more specialized features on top to cover the plethora of standard-specific requirements. In many cases, these features can be created to cover multiple standards; as FPGA manufacturers have become increasingly involved in standards creation, it has been possible to cover more standards with a smaller number of special blocks. Two good examples are Signal Conditioning and On-Die Instrumentation.
Signal conditioning is the process of improving a signal's characteristics as it is transmitted over a "lossy" transmission channel. Channels are never perfect and usually include attenuation, reflections, radiation, and coupling that degrades the incident signal. The figure below illustrates some of the real-world connectors, backplanes, and I/O (input/output) cards that can degrade an incident signal.
Click here to read more...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Beaming in on DNA detection
Extremely sensitive handheld devices capable of detecting tiny traces of drugs, DNA and explosives could be available for use by UK scenes of crime investigators within the next two years.
Researchers at Strathclyde University are developing an analytical technique known as surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS), which uses a laser beam to recognise different molecules, and is particularly effective at detecting white powders such as cocaine and amphetamines.
The system is so sensitive it is capable of detecting single molecules of a drug or explosive, although difficulties with collecting a single molecule from a surface would mean in reality the device would be used to measure a larger trace or group of molecules, said Prof Ewen Smith, deputy head of the department of pure and applied chemistry at the university.
Unlike other recent devices for detecting drugs or explosives, which consist of a handheld sampler and an analysis system about the size of a vacuum cleaner, SERRS equipment could all be fitted on to a handheld device, said Smith.
'We are about to use micro-fluidics to develop a lab-on-a-chip system, so everything will be fitted on to a handheld device, including the computer.'
A single device could detect both drugs and DNA. In detecting DNA sequences, the technique produces much sharper results using simpler chemistry than existing systems, he said.
Raman spectroscopy has been under development for some time, and handheld devices are already being produced. The technique involves shining a beam of light on to a sample and measuring the light that comes back. The technique gives a sharp pattern of signals from which particular molecules can be identified. without anyphysical contact with the molecule itself.
But the conventional method is not very sensitive, so the research team has significantly enhanced the effect by attaching the molecule to a roughened surface such as a silver nanoparticle, said Smith. 'The surface of the silver interacts with the molecule, and the signal is intensified.'
Unlike drugs and DNA, molecules of TNT explosives do not readily sit on the silver, so the molecules have to be put into a solution and converted into a dye before they can be made to grip to the nanoparticle. As a result, a separate handheld device would be needed to detect explosives.
The Strathclyde team has applied for an EPSRC grant as part of its £20m crime prevention and detection research programme, and is hoping to attract partners to help commercialise the technology. 'The technique is now looking for commercialisation, and is ready to come out of the laboratory,' said Smith.
The technology could also be used in pollution monitoring, DNA sequencing and the analysis and control of certain drugs within the pharmaceutical industry.


[Nameplate] A Few Clouds ~ 93°F
Feels like: 103°F
Sunday, Aug. 2, 2015
Game and Fish discusses doe limit
Thursday, August 14, 2003
There seems to be some confusion over the number of does that may be taken during the upcoming deer season in Arkansas. A few hunters are asking about the implications of the one-doe limit in regard to special Arkansas Game and Fish Commission wildlife management area hunts.
The statewide doe bag limit is one. Even though a WMA and a Deer Zone are separate zones and may have different harvest restrictions, hunters cannot kill more than one doe combined, AGFC Wildlife Assistant Chief Doyle Shook said. "If you have already killed a doe by archery before a WMA hunt or before the zone doe-quota permit is valid, you cannot kill a doe during the WMA permit hunt, nor can you use the zone doe-quota permit."
Here's an example for hunters: If a hunter has killed a doe with a bow on Oct. 1 and he has a zone doe-quota permit for Deer Zone 11 or a WMA permit such as the one used at Fort Chaffee (which allows a hunter to take a doe or either sex), he is not allowed to take another doe because he has killed a doe during the archery season. No more than one doe can be taken in an individual's bag limit.
Another example: If a hunter kills a doe by a zone doe-quota permit and has a permit for a later either-sex WMA hunt, the hunter will have to buck-only hunt because he has filled his doe bag limit.
Statewide, the season bag limit is three deer. A season bag limit may contain two legal bucks and one doe. Hunters must obey zone and WMA restrictions and may hunt in different zones and WMAs as long as the statewide season bag limit is not exceeded.
In zones 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 or 11, the bag limit is the same (two legal bucks and one doe) but before taking a doe a hunter must have a zone doe-quota permit. Zone doe-quota permits are not valid on WMAs that lie within the boundaries of zones 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 or 11. The bag limit for archery is the same as the statewide limit. A zone doe-quota permit is not required to take a doe unless a hunter is in zones 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 or 11 when a firearms deer season is open.
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Advanced makefilesby Jennifer Vesperman
In this article, we analyze a fairly complicated makefile. This makefile was captured from actual use in the wild, and sections specific to that project have been removed for this article.
Both the introduction and this advanced article focus on make as a tool for developers. Sysadmins, make can be useful to you, too! As we step through the makefile, think about how the techniques here can be applied to rebuilding a configuration script, or an installation script, or as an auto-updating tool.
Thanks to Mitch Davis for allowing me to use his file. The modified version won't run as presented because I've removed lines, but it will allow me to display various techniques. The original is in frequent use.
# TODO: Add a section for installation # Makefile for (the project) # Version 3.0 # Jennifer Vesperman # 14 August 2001 # # Version 4.0 # Mitch Davis # 10 January 2002
It's always useful to include headers in a makefile and to record the wish list of improvements. My version of the makefile was one of those quick-and-dirty jobs that we find ourselves doing.
# Set up the compiler directories
# (additional directory definitions snipped.)
The paths necessary for compilation are set up as variables. This allows them to be easily changed if the installation is moved--and you can use conditionals and shell functions to change things automatically for different machines. Conditionals and shell functions are discussed in more detail later in this article.
Using a conditional to define a machine-specific variable
ifeq ($(shell uname -n),install) # For compiling on install machine install_d:= /usr/local/jakarta-tomcat-3.2.2/webapps/example endif
Recursively expanded variables
There are two forms of variable. Recursively expanded variables use an "=" between the name and the value and are evaluated at the time the variable is needed. They cannot be defined recursively, as this would create an infinite loop. (make checks for this and forbids this usage.) Functions will be calculated each time make needs the value of the variable.
class_example_d = $(class_d)/example
(refers to a different variable within the definition)
class_d = $(class_d)/example
(recursive definition--refers to itself within its definition)
Simply expanded variables
Simply expanded variables use a ":=" between the name and the value and are evaluated immediately when make encounters the variable. Recursive definition is fine, and the right-hand-side value will be the former value of the variable. Simply expanded variables are a feature of GNU make that may not exist in other versions of make.
class_example_d := $(class_d)/example
class := $(class)/example
classwas defined before this point)
# These exports are for xmlc, which is # a java program which calls javac. export JAVAC:= $(java_h)/bin/javac export JAVA:= $(java_h)/bin/java
Sometimes it's necessary to set environment variables within the makefile, usually when you have a project that must use a specific version of a compiler. Choose your variables carefully--changing the
EDITOR variable will annoy your development team!
# Set up the classpaths for Javac classpath:= \ $(cookie_d)/cookiebuster.jar \ $(example_j) \ $(hsqldb_d)/hsqldb.jar \ $(xmlc_j) \ $(xml_j) \ $(jetty_d)/com.mortbay.jetty.jar # Convert the spaces to colons. This trick is from # the make info file. empty:= space:= $(empty) $(empty) classpath:= $(subst $(space),:,$(classpath))
classpath variable is a standard, simply expanded variable, with its definition split over several lines with the new lines escaped. Mitch then uses a make function to replace the spaces separating paths with colons. He considers this to be a much more readable variable definition than a single line, colon-separated
classpath. Don't use this if you have spaces inside the
make has many useful built-in functions. The syntax of a function call is
$(function arguments). Functions are evaluated when the surrounding construct is evaluated: functions in simply expanded variables are evaluated when make first encounters the variable; functions in recursively expanded variables are evaluated when make needs the value of the variable; functions in rules are evaluated when make runs that part of the rule.
# If there's already a CLASSPATH, put it on the front ifneq ($(CLASSPATH),) classpath:= $(CLASSPATH):$(classpath) endif # Re-export the CLASSPATH. export CLASSPATH:=$(classpath)
Make has conditionals, often used when setting variables. Available conditionals are
ifndef. The else clause is optional, and the arguments may be surrounded by brackets, apostrophes, or quote marks.
In the example, we could have used an
ifdef rather than the
ifneq to determine whether the
classpath environment variable is defined.
The syntax used in this makefile is:
ifeq (arg1, arg2) statement/s else statement/s endif
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An ongoing study in Yellowstone National Park seeks to measure the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a response to geologic activity and as a possible predictor of some geologic events. A story covering this study notes that researchers estimate that Yellowstone emits 45,000 tons of CO2 per day. That is about 16.5 million tons per year.
The EPA estimates that the average car emits between five and six tons of CO2 per year. So natural geologic activity in Yellowstone contributes CO2 equivalent to about 3 million cars. The current attempts by the EPA to limit CO2 emissions would be dangerous for the American economy, but they would have no impact on the millions of tons Yellowstone emits every year.
More seriously, the EPA regulations would also have little impact on the billions of additional tons of CO2 that China, India, and the developing world will emit each year in the decades ahead. As a result, the regulations would have damaging impacts on the American economy, but just like cap-and-trade restrictions, they would have negligible impact on world temperatures.
Read more informative articles at Heritage – The Foundry


Public Release: 'Clean' your memory to pick a winner
University College London
Dr Bradley Love (UCL Department of Cognition, Perception and Brain Sciences), lead author of study, said: "Providing people with idealized situations, as opposed to actual outcomes, 'cleans' their memory and provides a stock of good quality evidence for the brain to use."
In the study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers programmed computers to use all available statistics to form a decision - making them more likely to predict the correct outcome. By using all data from previous sports leagues, the computer's predictions always reflected the most likely outcome.
The scenarios consisted of games between two Major League baseball teams. Participants had to predict which team would win and were told if their prediction was correct. Those in the 'actual' group we told the true outcome of the game and those in the 'ideal' group were given fictional results.
Participants in the experiment were tested by being asked to predict the outcomes for the rest of the matches played in the league, but they were not given feedback on their performance. Even though the 'ideal' group had been given incorrect data during training, they were significantly better at predicting the winner.
Dr Love explained: "Unlike machine systems, people's decisions are messy because they rely on whatever memories are retrieved by chance. One consequence is that people perform better when the training situation is idealised - a useful fiction that fits are cognitive limitations."
Participants' prediction abilities were compared to computer models that were either optimised for prediction or modelled on human brains. After ideal outcome training, the study showed that 'ideal' subjects had greatly enhanced their skills and were comparable with the optimised model when predicting baseball game outcomes.
Notes for Editors
1. For more information or to speak to Dr Bradley Love, please contact Clare Ryan in the UCL Media Relations Office on tel: +44 (0)20 3108 3846, mobile: +44 07747 556 056, out of hours +44 (0)7917 271 364,
2. 'Limits in decision making arise from limits in memory retrieval' is published online today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For copies of the paper please contact UCL Media Relations.
About UCL (University College London)


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The best shape for containing a pressurised gas is a sphere, where by 'best' we mean the shape that uses the smallest amount of material to contain a given mass of gas at given pressure.
The simplest explanation for this is that, since pressure acts equally in all directions, the best container of pressure is a container that looks the same in all directions -- which is a sphere.
We can see this by examining a pressure vessel made of a liquid: the walls of such a pressure vessel will flow to take up the best shape. Pressure vessels made of liquid are known as 'bubbles', and it is well-known that bubbles tend to be spherical.
The bathyscape Trieste, built in Italy in the Fifties, carried its crew in a steel sphere down to a depth of 11 km below the surface of the ocean. This is a good illustration of the suitability of spheres for withstanding pressure.
So why are scuba tanks cylinders rather than spheres? The cylinder is a compromise between the best pressure-containing shape and the need to mount the tank comfortably and conveniently on the diver's back. Similarly, gas cylinders in laboratories are usually cylindrical, since this allows them to be moved and stored conveniently.
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On Christmas night in 1980, US Airmen Jim Penniston and John Burroughs venture into England's Rendlesham Forest to investigate a probable downed airplane.
What they see defies description - is it a glowing orb, a classified military craft, or a UFO from a distant galaxy? The two men are even more mystified when they discover missing time and their memories don't match up. Two nights later, while haunting visions keep Penniston awake at home, Burroughs and a team of men return to Rendlesham forest and discover more strange lights they can't explain. The airmen report their findings to their superiors and are instructed to hush up their accounts. When a series of mysterious physical ailments turn Pennsiton and Burroughs to hypnotherapy for answers, they discover an unearthly explanation that pushes the boundaries of time and spaceSource:


cut up logs, limbs, and treetops downed by the storm. Or call the local power company, as it is likely to accumulate logs, limbs, and tops while maintaining power line rights of way. In some areas, firewood is made readily available on public lands. Check with your nearest forest service district ranger or county extension agent.
Another option is to get permission to harvest leftover treetops in freshly logged areas. In the days when my husband and I cut firewood for income, we made our best money when a local logger let us harvest firewood from the slash he left behind. And don't overlook dead or spent orchard trees as a good source of wood. In areas that have restrictions against burning, commercial orchards welcome any offer to cart away spent trees.
The nice thing about cutting your own is that you learn to recognize fuelwood by the kind of tree it comes from, making it easy to load your stove according to the type of fire you want to produce. But even if you take the shortcut and purchase your wood already split, you'll build better fires if you take time to acquaint yourself with the properties of the wood you use for fuel.
Measuring Fuelwood
In most parts of the country, wood is measured by the cord. In our area, it comes by the rick. What's the difference?
A cord of wood is defined as the volume of wood that could be stacked 8 ft long x 4 ft high x 4 ft deep (128 cu ft). Of this, only about 80 cu ft is solid wood. The rest is bark and air.
If you buy your firewood by the cord, it is not necessary to take the trouble stacking it to those exact dimensions in order to be sure that you're getting the full measure. Instead, stack it any way that's convenient for you, then multiply the length of the stack times the height times the depth (measured in feet). Then divide by 128. If the result is less or more than 1, you received less or more than the full cord that you paid for.
A rick is the volume of wood that could be stacked 8 ft long x 4 ft high x the depth of the pieces being stacked. A rick is sometimes called a tier or a face cord; this makes sense because it has no specific depth. The surface area of the face of a rick should be 32 sq ft. To determine if you have a full rick, multiply the length of the stack times its height (measured in feet) and divide by 32. If the result is less or more than 1, you have less or more than a rick.
Because a rick lacks specific depth, it has no specific volume. It therefore can't be rigidly defined in terms of a cord, which sometimes leads to confusion. Most of our firewood customers wanted 18-in. wood, so most of the ricks we sold were 3/8 of a cord. A few of our customers ordered cookstove wood cut to 16 in., so their ricks were 1/3 of a cord. For fireplaces, we sometimes cut 24-in. lengths, so a rick of fireplace logs equals 1/2 a cord. If some Goliath with an outsized stove wanted fuelwood in 4-ft lengths, a rick would equal a cord.
In our area, firewood for sale is "ricked up" so customers can see that they're getting full measure. We used to set up a series of metal fence posts 8 ft apart and stack the wood between them to a height of 4 ft. When we delivered wood in our old Dodge pickup bed, measuring was easy. By neatly loading the wood in parallel rows — stacked level with the top of the bed, then heaped slightly at the middle to make up for the space used by the wheel wells — we had exactly one rick of 18-in. sticks. You can determine the holding capacity of your own vehicle by ricking up a split of firewood, then loading it on and remembering how it falls.
Whether ricked up or stacked by the cord, firewood is more often sold by volume than by weight. If two ricks or cords cost the same amount but one contains denser wood than the other, it is clearly the better buy. If you live in one of the rare areas where fuelwood is sold by weight, make sure you examine it carefully and buy the driest wood possible so you won't be paying extra for water.
How Much Is Enough?
For most of us, figuring out how much wood to stockpile for the winter is pretty much a hit or miss proposition. One year we get too much, the next year not enough. If you're among those who like to go about things a bit more scientifically, this formula will help you determine how much you'll need to get through a typical winter in your area:
(sq ft. of area to be heated) x (BTUs needed/sq ft) x degree days
BTUs per Cord
To heat each square foot of well-insulated living space, you'll need 28 BTUs. If your house is poorly insulated, figure about 45 BTU/sq ft.
Degree days represent how much the mean outdoor temperature varies from 65°F during the heating period. For example, a day with an average temperature of 25°F has 40 degree days (65 minus 25). Ask a local distributor of gas, oil, or electricity if you're not sure.
Let's say the space you want to heat is 15 x 30 ft (450 sq ft) and is well insulated (28 BTUs needed per sq ft). The local gas guy tells you that your area has 4,000 degree days and you're lucky enough to have a good source for white oak, which will give you 23,300,000 BTUs per cord:
450 x 28 x 4,000 = 2.12 cords at 23,300,000 BTUs per cord
Theoretically, you'll need about 1 3/4 cords to get through a typical winter. I say theoretically because the actual number of BTUs produced by the wood you use will depend on how dry the wood is, how resinous it is, and the volume of solid wood per cord (in other words, how tightly it's stacked). Any chart listing BTUs per cord lists only averages determined under ideal conditions. Still, such a chart gives you a good starting place for your calculations. You should be able to get a comprehensive chart listing the BTU values of most firewood species from your nearest forestry or extension office. Or you can start with our Wood Fuel Properties Chart.
Heating Efficiency
Because not all of the heat produced by burning wood is recovered, to convert your theoretical number into a more accurate measure, factor in the efficiency of your heating appliance. If you heat with a modern wood stove (or a fireplace with a catalytic combustor) that recovers 70% of the heat, divide 1.73 by 0.7 and you find that 2 1/2 cords should get you through the winter. If you use an older wood stove with a heating efficiency of 50%, you'll need closer to 3 1/2 cords (1.73/0.5). And if you rely on a fireplace that sends 90% of its heat up the chimney, you had better stockpile a whopping 17 cords.
You can save some of that wood for next winter by closing the damper after a fire dies down and by improving the fireplace's heating efficiency with commercial glass doors.
Whether you use an old or new stove or fireplace, you'll surely be inspired to improve its efficiency when you discover that every time you cart in a cord of seasoned hardwood, you tote 2 tons of fuel.
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GeoCalc 4.20 from Geocomp Systems
GeoCalc 4.2 converts ASCII coordinate data files between commonly-used mapping systems.
GeoCalc 4.20 is a companion for Geocomp, GeoNav, or any other point-based spatial data system that doesn't already have a coordinate converter.
GeoCalc 4.20 is a free download.
Note that there are similar programs with similar names from other websites.
If you require NTv2 grid database transformations, consider our Trimble Terramodel with GCCOORD.
GeoCalc 4.20 is now so popular that we had to move it to this dedicated download page.
Features of GeoCalc 4.20
- Converts coordinate data files between commonly-used mapping systems.
- Uses seven-parameter transformations.
- Has user-definable parameters allowing deployment anywhere in the world on almost any spheroid or mapping system.
- Includes a large number of predefined mapping systems and spheroids.
- Includes Geocentric Datum of Australia.
- Compares geodesy of the same point in two different mapping systems.
- Displays geographic, geocentric and projection coordinates of three dimensional points in any defined Mapping System.
- Displays point scale factor and grid convergence.
- Is a 32-bit Windows application.
- Includes complete documentation in Help (assuming that you understand the concepts).
- Is Copyright © Geocomp Systems.
- Is downloadable free of charge from the web.
- Is included on our Terramodel 10.61J DVD.
- Was released in November 1999.
Examples of supported mapping systems
- Local Grid - chose your own
- Transverse Mercator - Australia (AMG, ISG, MGA), NZ, Germany, Canada, USA, Great Britain and Russia
- Stereographic - Polar regions, Nederlands, Hungary, Poland
- Lambert 1 Parallel - France, Belgium, Denmark
- Lambert 2 Parallel - World Aeronautical Charts
- New Zealand Map Grid
- Skew Orthomorphic
Some of the predefined spheroids
- Australian GDA94/MGA94
- Bessel 1841
- Malaysia Kertau 1948 Everest Modified
- North American Datum 1983
Geocalc supports a wide range of ASCII text coordinate formats for import and export. Coordinates can be expressed as Latitudes and Longitudes, Easting and Northing or X,Y,Z. The following coordinate file formats are predefined:
- Geocomp Spatial Data System (.PTS &.STR)
- Geocomp Field File (.FLD)
- GeoNav Coast File (.CST)
- UKOOA P1/90
- X Y Z
- Download gcalc420.exe (2 MB).
- Uninstall any previous versions of GeoCalc using Control Panel.
- Run the self-extracting gcalc420.exe.
- Unzip the files to the default location, or enter a temporary location like C:\Temp.
- Run setup.exe from your location.
- For Windows versions after XP, download and install WinHlp32.exe.
- Select GeoCalc from the Windows Start Menu or Apps.
- Select Index from GeoCalc Help for instructions.


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Single crystal blade single crystal furnace
A single crystal blade is a cast blade with only one grain. The directional crystallized blade eliminates the transverse grain boundaries that are sensitive to voids and cracks, making the entire grain boundary parallel to the stress axis, thus improving the performance of the alloy.
Single crystal blade.jpg
Nowadays, single-crystal hollow blades containing niobium are the preferred and trend for turbine engines. The blade material of the turbine must be nickel-iron alloy. In the normal casting process, an electromagnet is used to generate a strong directional magnetic field, and the unsolidified superalloy is solidified in the same direction under the action of the directional magnetic field. Finally, all the single crystals with the same molecular arrangement are formed, not the ordinary steel molecules. It is a mess. Neatly arranged materials can withstand high temperatures. This is the secret to the manufacture of single crystal superalloys.
Single crystal blade1.jpg
It is easy to use a turbine blade made of a single crystal superalloy containing germanium. Niobium-bearing single crystal superalloy is a metal material that can work for more than 600°C under certain stress conditions for a long period of time. It has excellent high temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and thermal corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties. It has become an irreplaceable key material for the hot-end components of military-civilian gas turbine engines.
Single crystal blade2.jpg
SIMUWU can provide the vacuum single crystal directional solidification furnace according to your requirement to produce the single crystal blade.
Single crystal blade3.jpg
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text:
Broadheads kill by cutting blood vessels, unlike the high-energy shock of bullets. Hemorrhage is typically the result. A responsible bowhunter will use razor-sharp broadheads and only take shots that allow a clear, close shot to the vital area of the game animal.
Many archers' injuries come from broadheads. Broadheads must be kept razor-sharp for hunting, which creates a safety problem if they are handled carelessly.
To prevent injury:
- Use a special wrench to screw on broadheads. This device covers the blades while a broadhead is being tightened on an arrow. If a wrench isn't used, the slightest slip can cause a serious cut. When sharpening broadheads, always stroke the blade away from your hands and body.
- Keep broadheads covered with a quiver while traveling to and from the field. Many arrow injuries occur while loading or unloading equipment in vehicles.
- While dressing bow-killed game, remember that the broadhead may remain in the animal. Use great caution until all parts of the broadhead have been found.


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The Mellon College of Science (MCS) is home to four departments and many programs and research centers that cross disciplines. We approach scientific problems from fresh angles using creative interdisciplinary approaches while drawing on our departmental strengths in the core sciences. Our Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) within MCS is seeking a Sr. Software Engineer to join our team, specifically to work with the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP, _URL_) team to develop sophisticated backend frameworks supporting web-based platforms for enabling complex scientific research; data collection, curation, and archiving; artificial intelligence / machine learning and simulation scientific workflow management; and advanced research computing orchestration. The successful candidate should have the ability to design, implement and maintain backend frameworks for data ETL, data orchestration, and data analysis with technologies including: Python-based frameworks (e.g. Apache Airflow), cloud-based frameworks (e.g. AWS), databases (e.g. SQL, neo4j, elasticsearch, Redis), and containers (Docker, Singularity), and work with full-stack developers to integrate services with HuBMAP web platforms. This is an excellent opportunity if you thrive on the opportunity for collaboration on building platforms with complementary groups across PSC, particularly our AI & Big Data, Biomedical Applications, User Support for Scientific Application, Cybersecurity, and Facilities Technology Groups; CMU; as well as expert collaborators across other institutions (Harvard University, Indiana University, New York Genome Center).
Responsibilities are determined by active project needs. Some examples are as follows:
- Analyze, plan, implement, deploy and distribute backend frameworks for data ETL, data orchestration, and data analysis, in response to our diverse set of research projects and the external research community's needs, goals and mission.
- Engage with web platform developers to translate requirements into functional specifications and features for backend frameworks.
- Build backend data frameworks with best practices in software development including version-control, continuous integration testing, unit testing and hands-on interactive user testing.
- Build backend frameworks that can connect with high-performance computing resources, cloud computing, and data repositories.
- Organize training and documentation of backend frameworks at the Center, and participate and provide materials for advanced training efforts for the scientific community.
- Install, test, deploy, and support backend frameworks on PSC's production and research platforms as well advise the planning and design of new user-focused research platforms.
- Contribute as needed to grant proposals and related efforts to attract funding.
- Actively discuss and implement new ideas in close collaboration with other members of all research and operations groups across the center.
- Other duties as assigned
Flexibility, excellence, and passion are vital qualities within PSC. Inclusion, collaboration and cultural sensitivity are valued competencies at CMU. Therefore, we are in search of a team member who can effectively interact with a varied population of internal and external partners at a high level of integrity. We are looking for someone who shares our values and who will support the mission of the university through their work.
Skills and experience:
- Proficiency in Python.
- Proficiency with RESTful API development, documentation, and use.
- Proficiency with at least one database technology, including SQL, no-SQL, and graph-based databases (e.g. Neo4J).
- Proficiency with Linux: shells, editors, building applications, etc.
- Preferred proficiency with advanced API development tools such as Swagger and GraphQL.
- Preferred proficiency in data management and data analytics.
- Preferred proficiency with a framework for data ETL, data orchestration, or workflow management, including Python-based frameworks such as Apache Airflow.
- Preferred proficiency in cloud services such as Amazon, Google, and Azure.
- Excellent communication skills and ability to work in a team environment.
- Excellent problem-solving skills and creativity.
- Ability to handle multiple priorities and a multi-disciplinary environment.
- Minimum Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science or a related field. Equivalent software development experience will be considered in lieu of education.
- Minimum 3 years of experience in backend software platform development.
- Preferred 5 years of experience in backend software platform development, using appropriate technology stack and in support of scientific research and data analytics.
- Preferred experience with cloud-based projects.
- Preferred experience with leading team-based projects.
- Successful background check
Are you interested in this opportunity with us? Please apply
CMU's COVID-19 Vaccination Requirements: As a condition of employment, Carnegie Mellon University requires all staff and faculty working in the United States to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Prior to commencement of employment, new hires in the United States must provide proof of vaccination or obtain an approved exemption. (Exemptions may be requested for medical reasons or for religious or strong moral or ethical conviction.) Those granted an exemption must comply with all applicable COVID-19 mitigation requirements, including use of facial coverings, daily self-assessment and weekly Tartan Testing.


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The thesis describes in detail the area of the uranium lodes in the South Alligator River valley in the Northern Territory of Australia. The four land forms are described, together with the soils developed on them, and the morphological and genetic relationships of the latter are discussed. The published stratigraphy of the area is recapitulated, and some changes of viewpoint are advocated: an unconformity within the Upper Proterozoic rocks is described; the characteristics of the Scinto Breccia unit are ascribed to silicification of diverse stratigraphic units; the allegedly organic origin of calcareous rocks of the Koolpin Formation is disputed; and the lack of obvious signs of unconformity between the Stag Creek Volcanics (Archaeozoic?) and the Lower Proterozoic sequence is pointed out. A petrological study of a collection of rocks from the area is made, and this includes a description of some diaspore-rich volcanics in which the uranium mineralisation appears to be of syngenetic origin. The characteristics of the ore bodies or radioactive prospects are described, together with the ore-deposition controls. An epigenetic origin is postulated for most of the uranium deposits. Exploration techniques employed in the discovery or evaluation of the ore bodies are discussed, and the results are reported of a programme of geochemical testing of stream waters in the drainage basin. It is concluded that, in this area, the geochemical technique has only limited usefulness for the discovery of uranium. The extraction of ore, and its subsequent treatment by solvent-extraction processes is described.
An account is given of some other uranium occurrences in northern Australia viz., the Rum Jungle, Mary Kathleen and Pandanus Creek ore bodies, and the radioactive or mineralised prospects at Denham River and Saunders Creek in Western Australia.
A general account of theories of emplacement of uranium ore in Australia and elsewhere postulates an epigenetic origin from a magmatic source for most of the Australian deposits, but accepts a sedimentary origin for the uranium associated with conglomerates.
A brief historical survey of developments in the uranium industry pays special attention to events in Australia.


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Stuck for Good
Brain Glue could help heal damage from traumatic brain injuries
With a gel-like consistency similar to Jell-O, Brain Glue, a scaffold that can protect brain tissue and enhance brain healing, could serve as a treatment for traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).
Developed by researchers at the University of Georgia's Regenerative Bioscience Center (RBC), Brain Glue supports neural stem cell function and protects transplanted stem cells, which are capable of repair. It can be formed to any shape, so Brain Glue can be applied to fill any voids in the brain after severe trauma.
The RBC team that designed and created this new hydrogel was led by Lohitash Karumbaiah, assistant professor in the UGA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Unlike other synthetic hydrogels, Brain Glue provides a variety of possibilities to trap neural stem cells and protective factors to provide a more natural, regenerative healing environment, all within a supporting framework made of components native to the brain.
"TBI is a complex sequence of events caused by physical injury that damages the brain tissue and is then followed by a cascade of secondary events that often lead to long-term brain damage," said Karumbaiah. "The Brain Glue works to support the function of the surviving cells, to facilitate repair and stabilize the damaged brain during these secondary events."
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 1.7 million TBIs occur in the U.S. each year, and for moderate to severe TBIs, there is no effective treatment.
"There is nothing people can do clinically to help heal or regenerate the brain after a severe TBI. That was our starting point to address the problem," Karumbaiah said.
The brain has a plasticity, capacity for self-renewal and a stimulation process to spawn new neural cells.
"What we did next was look at the brain's neurogenesis process and the ability to self-renew, then built a complementary scaffold consisting of protective agents to create a very porous, yet pliable, multifaceted, regenerative solution," he said.
The National Institutes of Health awarded Karumbaiah $1.5 million for his TBI work, which was initially funded through a seed grant program by the Regenerative Engineering and Medicine Center, a collaboration between UGA, Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he partnered with Ravi Bellamkonda.
The RBC team will continue to work on scalable treatments for TBI with tools to not only protect neural stem cells, but also to evaluate how they work. This combined approach could encourage the activity of the brain to remodel itself and potentially restore function, providing new hope for TBI victims.
By Charlene Betourney
The top photo shows damage to the brain structure, which was largely repaired due to neurogenesis, facilitated by the application of Brain Glue.
There is nothing people can do clinically to help heal or regenerate the brain after a severe TBI. That was our starting point to address the problem.


space on reserved space for growing the array which may never be used. A natural explanation to this state of affairs would be to say that all of this extra data is neccessary to facilitate fast operations, such as insertion, removal, and search, but in fact this isn't true: there are data structures which can perform many of the same operations using very close to the minimum possible space. What is the minimum possible space? For a list of data, it's simply the space taken by a static array, which is just the space taken by the data itself. But what about, say, a binary tree, or a set of integers? This is a little trickier, but the idea is to use combinatorics to count the number of possible values of size n, and then take the logarithm of this. Because we need a distinct representation for each value (otherwise we couldn't tell which one we have), this will give us the average number of bits needed to represent an individual value. For example, suppose we have a binary tree with n nodes; we are ignoring data for now and just assuming each node has a left and right child reference. How many bits do we need to store this tree? Well, the number of rooted, ordered, binary trees with n nodes is described by Cn, the nth Catalan number, which can be defined by this formula: Cn = (2n)! / ((n + 1)! n!) Now, since Stirling's approximation tells us that log(n!) is nlg n plus some stuff asymptotically smaller than n (written o(n)), where lg is the log base 2, we can see that the logarithm of Cn is asymptotically approximated by: log Cn ≈ (2n)lg(2n) − (n + 1)lg(n + 1) − nlg(n)log Cn ≈ (2n)(lg(2) + lg(n)) − 2n lg(n)log Cn ≈ 2n In other words, we have to use at least 2 bits per node - this is the best we can possibly do. Surprisingly, there is a very simple encoding that does so. We traverse the tree in preorder, outputting 1 for each node and outputting 0 whenever we hit a null. Here's some C# code which implements the conversion back and forth between this compact bit string and a full in-memory tree structure, preserving both the tree's exact shape and its data: class BinaryTreeNode { public object data; public BinaryTreeNode left, right; } static void EncodeSuccinct(BinaryTreeNode node, ref BitArray bits, ref ArrayList data) { bits.Length++; bits[bits.Length - 1] = (node!= null); if (node!= null) { data.Add(; EncodeSuccinct(node.left, ref bits, ref data); EncodeSuccinct(node.right, ref bits, ref data); } } static BinaryTreeNode DecodeSuccinct(BitArray bits, ArrayList data) { int bitsIndex = -1, dataIndex = -1; return DecodeSuccinctHelper(bits, ref bitsIndex, data, ref dataIndex); } static BinaryTreeNode DecodeSuccinctHelper(BitArray bits, ref int bitsIndex, ArrayList data, ref int dataIndex) { BinaryTreeNode result; bitsIndex++; if (bits[bitsIndex]) { result = new BinaryTreeNode(); dataIndex++; = data[dataIndex]; result.left = DecodeSuccinctHelper(bits, ref bitsIndex, data, ref dataIndex); result.right = DecodeSuccinctHelper(bits, ref bitsIndex, data, ref dataIndex); } else { result = null; } return result; } The original representation uses about 3 times as much space as the data, while the succinct representation uses only 2n + 1 extra bits, an overhead of 6% on a 32-bit machine. There is some constant overhead, but because this is asymptotically less than n, the data structure is still considered succinct. A number of applications are evident: trees can be compactly stored and transmitted across networks in this form, embedded and portable devices can incorporate pre-built tree data structures in the application's image for fast startup, and so on. On the other hand, it would seem that you can't really do much with trees in this form - in limited memory environments, you might not be able to expand the tree back out to its full form. An alternative encoding with the same space requirement is to search the tree with breadth-first instead of depth-first search. If we do this, the resulting bit string has some useful properties. Define the Rank and Select functions as: Rank(i) = the number of 1 bits between indexes 0 and i in the bit stringSelect(i) = the index of the ith 1 bit in the bit string The following can be proven: if we have the breadth-first search bit string for the tree, the children of the node represented by bit i are always represented by bits 2(Rank(i)) and 2(Rank(i)) + 1. The parent of index i is always located at index Select(i/2). Finally, the data for the node at index i is located at index Rank(i) in the data array. Using these lemmas, along with an efficient implementation of Rank and Select, we can traverse the tree and perform all the usual operations on it in this compact form. I won't get into implementing Rank and Select here, but suffice it to say that by adding only O(n/log n) additional bits (which again is asymptotically less than n) they can be implemented in constant time; if the hardware supports a find-first-zero and/or population (bit-count) operation, these can be quite efficient. This same idea can be applied to all sorts of data structures: for example, there are m choose n (that is, m!/(n!(m-n)!)) different sets of integers between 1 and m, and there are data structures which use bits in the logarithm of this quantity to store such a set. The number of partitions of a set of objects is defined by the Bell numbers, and there are data structures using bits in the logarithm of these numbers. A variety of papers address succinct graph representations, and there are even schemes for representing graphs with specific properties that use no more bits than the logarithm of the number of graphs having those properties. One of the most interesting succinct data structures, created by Franceschini and Grossi in 2003 in their Optimal Worst-Case Operations for Implicit Cache-Oblivious Search Trees, is a search tree which permits all the usual insert, delete, and search operations in O(log n) time, but with only constant space overhead! It stores the data in an array, and nearly all the information it needs to search it is contained in the order of the elements alone (similar to the heap used in heapsort, but with different operations). On top of this, the structure is cache-oblivious, meaning that it maximally utilizes every level of the memory hierarchy (within a constant factor) without any machine-specific tuning (I'll talk more about cache-oblivious data structures another time). I haven't read this paper yet, but for those who believe data structures are a "solved problem", this kind of result makes it clear that there are many wonders yet to behold. Finally, I wanted to come back to the problem with ArrayList. Although the simple array-growing scheme used by typical dynamic arrays can waste linear space (sometimes as much unused space is reserved as is used for data), there are alternative dynamic array data structures which remain efficient but reserve only O(sqrt(n)) space,


On Court Player Towel
Speed Logo Zone Hat
Peace & Love T-shirt
Nutrition: Playing Tennis in the Heat: How to Manage Water and Electrolyte Losses
By Michael F. Bergeron, Ph.D.
Your body produces heat during tennis -- lots of it! And as intensity and duration of play increase, you face an growing challenge to eliminate the accumulating heat, especially in hot weather. The best way for a tennis player to get rid of internal body heat during play is by sweating. But if it's hot and humid, even sweating doesn't eliminate heat effectively.
In warm to hot conditions, most adult tennis players will lose between 1.0 and 2.5 liters of water during each hour of competitive singles, although sweat rates of 3.5 liters per hour have been observed during play in very hot (above 95° F) conditions. Sweat rate increases as:
1. the environment gets hotter and more humid,
2. as intensity of play increases, and
3. as a player becomes more aerobically fit and acclimatizes to the heat.
And although women generally sweat less than men, this is not always the case.
Sweat is mostly water, but it contains a fair amount of sodium (Na ) and chloride (Cl-). In contrast, there is usually very little potassium (K ) in sweat. Furthermore, contrary to what many tennis players and coaches have heard, clinical evidence clearly supports a relationship between heat-related muscle cramps and a high sodium loss, not potassium. Players will generally lose 3-10 times as much sodium as potassium during play. And without adequate sodium replacement, the cumulative effect of such losses can lead to a progressive sodium deficit after several days of playing or training in the heat. The effects of inadequate sodium replacement may include incomplete rehydration between matches (from a decreased retention of fluid) as well as muscle cramps or increased heat exhaustion during subsequent play. Again, regarding electrolytes, players should be more concerned about replacing sodium losses after a match, not potassium losses. And notably, bananas will not resolve or prevent heat-related muscle cramps; although appropriate salt and fluid intake often will.
Even with relatively short matches, it's not uncommon for tennis players to finish play with water deficits equal to or greater than 2% of their respective pre-match body weights. So, why don't these players drink more during play? One reason that tennis players don't always offset sweat losses with fluid intake is that, during a match, thirst is usually not a rapid enough indicator of body water losses. Consequently, players don't always feel the need to drink as much as they should. Therefore, tennis players should follow a predetermined hydration plan, whether they are thirsty or not. But, is a 2-3% body weight deficit a big deal? After all most players drink enough to avoid serious heat disorders. Well, very little research has specifically examined varying levels of a body water deficit on tennis performance. However, other research studies have shown significant decreases in muscular strength, muscular endurance, physical work capacity, and even mental performance, with only marginal to moderate body water losses. Further, current research shows that fluid ingestion reduces internal body temperature, as well as muscle glycogen use, during prolonged exercise; these factors can clearly contribute to improved performance.
So what should you do? First of all, recommendations for managing fluid and electrolyte losses should be individual specific. However, several general recommendations can be made;
Prior to playing in a hot environment, make sure that you are acclimatized to the heat. This can be accomplished in 7-10 days, so long as you exercise for 1-2 hours each day in the same heat. Your sweat rate will increase, while your rate of sodium loss will decrease. Both of these are positive effects. If you are prone to heat-related muscle cramps during hot weather, you might consider increasing your salt intake (via foods and liquids containing salt). Ensure that you are well hydrated and that your carbohydrate intake is adequate. Water is usually fine for a pre-match beverage, but only if sufficient carbohydrates and electrolytes are provided by your food intake. Avoid drinks that contain caffeine or alcohol; they will accelerate fluid loss.
During play, you should drink enough, during each changeover, to feel comfortably full, whether you are thirsty or not. The specific amount will depend on your sweating rate and the average number of changeovers per hour; but for many players, 8 ounces (about 8 swallows) during each changeover is appropriate. If you begin a match well-hydrated and with carbohydrate stores fully replenished, and you know that the match is going to be short (around 1 hour or less), then water consumption during play is probably fine. Otherwise, a carbohydrate (CHO)-electrolyte beverage is recommended. Why? Most researchers have shown enhanced fluid absorption with a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink versus plain water. In addition, consumption of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink will help you maintain your blood glucose level; this may delay fatigue. And, the sodium in the drink will replace a portion of the sodium lost in sweat. Sodium may increase drink palatability (which may cause you to drink more) and can play an important role in restoring body water content.
After play, your primary nutritional concern should be to immediately begin the process of replacing lost fluid, electrolytes and carbohydrates. If you are going to play another match within 30-60 minutes, then rehydration should be with a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink. A small amount of easily digestible solid food can also be consumed at the same time (i.e., immediately following the previous match). If your next match is not for several hours or more, then water and an appropriate meal should provide enough of the required nutrients for subsequent play. If sweat losses from the previous match were excessive and/or you are prone to heat-related muscle cramps, then adding more salt to your fluids and food may be appropriate. If you choose to use salt tablets, make sure you crush and dissolve them in plenty of water (usually about 2 tablets per liter of water).
Dr. Michael Bergeron is a member of the USTA Sport Science Committee.
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text: What we know about ancient civilizations comes from what those civilizations left behind. Sometimes it's a shard of pottery, part of a tool, a piece of jewelry. Archaeologists scour the earth for such remnants of ancient civilizations to piece together a picture of the past. But in Egypt there are clues to the past that are hard to miss: they're six and a half million tons, taller than the Statue of Liberty, and as wide as 10 football fields. You don't need a trowel and a brush to discover these artifacts; you can see them from space!


text:
You will need
- Access to a computer
- Battery packs
- USB A to USB B cables
Before you begin
- Don't panic if you've never used (or have never even heard of) a micro:bit before. There's plenty of info below, and this activity's a great way for everyone to learn. It's a good idea to spend some time reading the information and practising before you lead the activity, though.
- If you don't have enough computers for everyone to work in pairs, you could run this activity as one base, so groups visit one at a time. You could also look in to visiting a local library or school to use their computers.
- If your meeting place has internet access, everyone can use the online editor here.
- Don't worry if you don't have internet access. Just download and install the Mu editor before you begin. You can download it at here.
- You may already know people with digital skills who'd love to help run this activity. Why not reach out to parents, carers, and others in your community?
Get to know micro:bits and Mu
- The person leading the activity should introduce the micro:bit. They may want to use the information in 'What is a micro:bit?' to help them explain what it is, what it can do, and what everyone will be using it for in this activity.
- Everyone should get into small groups. Each small group should gather around a computer with a micro:bit, a battery pack, and a USB A to USB B cable.
- The person leading the activity should give each group a copy of the 'Notes and handout' pack.
- Everyone should follow the instructions in the 'Notes and handout' pack to connect their micro:bit to the computer, write and check the simple Python code, and send it to the micro:bit so it displays 'Hello world'.
Code the step counter
- Once each group's comfortable that they can write, check, and transfer simple code, they should follow the instructions in the 'Notes and handout' pack to make a step counter.
- Each group should continue to follow the instructions until they have a step counter that counts steps and displays at least one ready-made and one custom icon.
- Everyone should come together and explain their code. Anyone who found and fixed any bugs could share their experiences with the rest of the group.
This activity was all about developing skills. People only needed to use few lines of code to show how a step counter works – they didn't need to learn absolutely loads to prototype a single project. Does anyone know what prototyping is? It's about testing an idea with a small amount of code, before improving and developing it further. As people learn new skills, they could add more to the project. When else might people use digital devices with sensors in outdoor activities?
How did people feel as they worked through the instructions? Was it easy, or were some parts tricky? Did they feel pressured to create more and more complicated designs, or did they take time to celebrate every time something worked? Sometimes it can feel difficult to work on a big project – breaking it down, learning one thing at a time, and celebrating every success can make it easier. When else might it be useful to break a big project into smaller chunks?
- Online safety
Supervise young people when they're online and give them advice about staying safe.
For more support around online safety or bullying, check out the NSPCC website. If you want to know more about specific social networks and games, Childnet has information and safety tips for apps. You can also report anything that's worried you online to the Child Exploitation and Online Protection command.
As always, if you've got concerns about a young person's welfare (including their online experiences), follow the Yellow Card reporting processes.


text:
The Old Salem Department of Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Michael O. Hartley, conducts an active program of research and exploration into the material and cultural evidence of the Moravian experience in North Carolina. The Moravians, a Protestant religious group, have been present in North Carolina since 1753 on land purchased from Carolina Proprietor Lord Granville, a tract totaling nearly 100,000 acres. They called their land "Wachau," after the Danube River valley region of that name, and it soon became known as "Wachovia."
Research conducted by the Department of Archaeology focuses on the archaeological resource within Salem, the relationship of this central town to the broader tract of Wachovia, and the Moravian population of Salem and Wachovia through time. The Archaeology Department carries out careful study of the historic resource, site evaluation, preparation of research designs, and excavation. Reports produced in this work include cultural information gained through study and excavation, and through processing and analysis of recovered artifacts in the Archaeology Department's laboratory. Reports and articles prepared by the Old Salem Museums & Gardens Department of Archaeology, as well as presentations to professionals and the broader public, increase awareness and understanding of the significance of Old Salem and Wachovia.


Nokia Lumia 521 - My Lumia phone cannot connect to the internet using WiFi
 1. Restart your phone, check the WiFi connection icon on the phone screen, and move closer to a WiFi access point to get a better signal.
 2. Make sure that your phone is not in Battery saver mode (Settings > battery saver), or connect a charger.
 3. Disable Bluetooth connectivity in your phone while being connected to WiFi (Settings > Bluetooth). Bluetooth and WiFi operate on the same frequency range and may interfere with each other.
 4. If you cannot connect to a network that you have connected to before, try deleting the network from your phone. (To do this, in Settings > WiFi > manage (advanced), under Known networks, tap and hold the network name, then tap Delete.) Deleting the network will delete the associated settings on your phone. After that, tap the WiFi network in the list of networks, then try to connect again.
 5. If there is no SIM card in your phone, try inserting SIM and check that you are not in flight mode. If there is no SIM card in the phone, some of the country specific WiFi features may not be available when your phone does not know its location.
 6. Check if you can connect with your phone to another WiFi network (for example using the internet sharing feature of another phone).
If you are having trouble connecting to your home WiFi network
 2. Check that your password in a secure network of your phone is properly configured and that your phone's security settings match with the settings of your home WiFi network. If you keep getting an Incorrect password error, log in to your wireless router, and change the operating mode 802.11b/g/n to 802.11g only, and then restart/reset the router, and try to create a connection again.
 3. Check that your WiFi network is not configured to filter the access based on the device MAC address. If using MAC based filtering, the MAC address of your mobile device must be added in the filter list. You can find your phone MAC address in Settings > about > more information.
 5. Check on your router's support page that it has the latest firmware installed.
If you are having trouble connecting to a public WiFi hotspot
 1. Check if any authentication is needed to a public WiFi hotspot. Even though the WiFi network were open, you may still need to authenticate with a username and password on your phone browser before you can access the internet. You may also need to re-authenticate after the authentication timeout expires. Disconnect and reconnect to the WiFi network in Settings > WiFi if you do not get the authentication prompt.
 2. Especially with the public WiFi hotspots, the maximum number of users may already be connected. Wait for a while and try again, or look for another WiFi hotspot.


Fisking "Goth Music will Destroy Your Child": A Blast from the Past
happy goths
So there was this. I want to think this is parody but I've heard every argument made here told with complete seriousness, just not usually all together.
As usual, the original is in italics, my comments are in bold.
Goth is a deplorable type of heathen culture
Actually, I am a Heathen (sort of) and the two are not the same. Heathens, per modern definitions, are those who believe in and worship the Germanic/Norse Gods, also known as Asatru. I don't particularly believe in them–don't particularly believe in any gods–but I try to follow the ways of modern Asatru as exemplified in the Nine Noble Virtues. (Yes, I know they are found nowhere in the surviving Lore, but as a concise distilling of the virtues that are exemplified in that lore, they serve.) I know some Goths who are Heathen. Most are not.
that glorifies everything that is vile and unholy. The dictionary defines "Goth" as: A crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement.
Which Dictionary is this from, I wonder?
Merriam Webster says:
 1. :a member of a Germanic people that overran the Roman Empire in the early centuries of the Christian era
 2. often not capitalized
 a :rock music marked by dark and morbid lyrics
 b :a fan or performer of goth
 3. a person who wears mostly black clothing, uses dark dramatic makeup, and often has dyed black hair
Nope, nothing in there about being crude, uncouth, ill-bred, or lacking culture or refinement.
Well, that depends. Some define Goth as only those who are fans of the music. I tend to be a "big tent Goth" and include all who are fans of the aesthetic.
Well, here's they actually say something right Many define the origin point of Goth with the release of Bauhaus's song "Bela Lugusi's Dead". And, yeah, all of those influences are present to some extent. But not every Goth follows all of those.
And look at that scary phrase "cultural proclivities". Oooh. This just means people tend to have things in common (while having a great deal of diversity as well). The main commonality is an appreciation of the "dark" in counterpoint to the light. Consider the line from the otherwise mediocre movie "Bruce Almighty", where Morgan Freeman explaining why just answering "yes" to all the prayers was a bad idea: "If you want to paint pictures like that, you've got to use some dark colors."
Goth's, in my experience get that. And it's reflected in their, in our, outlook.
SOURCE: Goth subculture – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oh, well that explains it. Not able to think for himself, he instead relies on grabbing a quick bit from Wikipedia before going on about crap he doesn't know the first thing about.
Emo is not Goth. Black metal is iffy. Punk is not Goth. That idiots like this bozo lump them together just underscores their own ignorance; it doesn't make it so.
And it includes Christians, Agnostics, people who rescue animals, vegetarians, meat-eaters, and many others. And while some folk into metal are also Goth, neither are all "metalheads" Goth nor are all Goths "metalheads".
Also AC/DC is not Goth. Van Halen is not Goth. Ozzy Osbourne is not Goth.
Goth causes teenage girls to become whores,
The truth is if you look at Goths, actually look at them, you'll note that they're usually in couples, serious long-term relationships. This is bullshit.
depresses kids to the point of cutting themselves,
While some depressive individuals may find themselves attracted to the dark aspects of Goth, it does not cause their problems. The biggest cause of those problems, frankly, is poor parenting. But you can't admit that, can you? You can't consider the beam in your own eye so you look for a mote in someone else's to blame. You whited sepulcher, outwardly clean but inwardly full of all manner of corruption.
The dark side is part of life. People deal with death. Have you never lost someone you cared about? Have you ever had bad things happen to you and wondered why? Have you ever wondered if anyone else felt the pain you did?
Perhaps you haven't. Perhaps you've lived a charmed life where you've never felt the pain of loss or hardship. Or perhaps you're so wrapped up in your imaginary friend in the sky that reality never touches you.
I, however, am not. And so when I'm feeling down or depressed, I can listen to Goth or metal and I feel better because someone else has felt what I feel. Someone else understands.
Goth is of the Devil.
Wow, that's breathtaking. You just make shit up, don't you? You might find a few isolated cases but here's a hint. The plural of "anecdote" is not data.
You might want to Google "Confirmation Bias". Never mind. Here. I'll do it for you.
You can't possibly have looked much at Goths to think there's anything like a uniform. Yeah, dark colors are common. But sinister is only in your own mind.
Are all things dark "sinister" to you? Careful how you answer because it will be used against you.
I've never met an actual vampire. I don't know what they might look like. Oh, you mean Hollywood's depiction of vampires, right? But note that Hollywood depiction comes from a romantic ideal. The resemblance is simply because they both draw from the same romantic ideal. Some Goths (and only some) carry that farther and actually dress as vampires with fake fangs and everything. But, again, that's drawn from the Hollywood depiction of Vampires as romantic figures. Take that up with Hammer Films and Anne Rice among others (neither of which are Goth).
More bullshit. Goths cover a wide range. Most are just ordinary people with an aesthetic that you neither like nor understand. I've known Goth pacifists.
When Sophie Lancaster and her boyfriend were assaulted andSophie was murdered it wasn't the Goths that resorted to violence.
You, no doubt, would be right in that crowd, kicking and beating on two teenagers who never did anything to you.
So do some Christians (some of the things I've seen "Christians" do to their children is as bad as any "Satanic ritual"). And many Christians, through the Eucharist and the Miracle of Transubstantiation believe that they are actually drinking the blood of Christ and eating his flesh.
As for drinking human blood, I've got to tell you, when I had nasal surgery a lot of the blood went down that way. Made me physically ill, not from any horror or distaste, but because, as my doctor explained to me, human blood is an emetic.
Some Goths consider the sharing of body fluids like small amounts of their own blood, to be a form of sharing as or even more intimate than sex. Not my thing but, hey, so long as everyone's consenting and this is almost always a matter between committed couples so is no more likely to spread blood borne pathogens than when you and your spouse boink without a condom.
You see, one thing that Goths frequently have that you don't is a very strong "live and let live" philosophy.
They recognize your right to be a conceited, self-righteous douchebag.
USA – The infamous Vampire Clan Murders.
GERMANY – Bride of Satan satanic murder case.
USA – Lely high school students caught planning copycat Columbine.
Beasts of Satan cult finally stand trial for their evil crimes.
Inigo Montoya Moment. "You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means." A rather modest list (compared to the number of murders that have happened worldwide in the same period) isn't "statistics".
Also, just because you say "Goth" doesn't mean they actually are. Yes, the claim that the Columbine murderers were "Goth" was bruited but other students of the school refuted that claim. It simply wasn't true. Just because you attribute something to "Goth" doesn't make it so.
Go back up to where I googled "Confirmation Bias" for you.
The Dangers of Rock Music
Over 30 years ago a woman named Dorothy Retallack conducted experiments using music, plants and their combined environment. These results are famous.
Taking two identical sets of plants in two separated but identical rooms, she exposed them to music. The first set of plants were played quiet placid subdued devotional "religious" classical music, while the other set were subjected to loud aggressive rock music played at full deafening volume 24 hours a day. The plants exposed to rock grew away from the music source, withered and died, while the plants that were played religious music grew towards the music source and thrived.
The lesson? If rock music attacks and kills plants, what does it do to people? I


text:
Walter Cruttenden of the Binary Research Institute
has amassed provocative evidence that the sun may actually be part of a double star system. Here, he explains the significance of this idea which, if correct, affects life on earth and, in fact, everything that happens in our solar system, very profoundly. Does it also explain legends such as Nibru, and the periodic cycles of chaos that geologic history suggest influence life on earth? For example, did the upheaval that ended Egypt's Old Kingdom have anything to do with this?
Listen as Cruttenden explains his fascinating theories, and shows how they may explain the erratic pattern of earth's development. And, if our sun is part of a double-star system, then where is the other star and, above all, when and how will it affect us again?
Read Walter Cruttenden's Lost Star of Myth and Time
. Graham Hancock says of the book that it is "is a wonderful, stimulating, thought-provoking new – or very old – approach to the greatest enigmas of human history. If Walter Cruttenden is right, as I very much suspect he is, then he has found the key to the mystery of the ages."
Attend Walter Cruttenden's CPAK 2011 in Sedona September 30 to October 2nd. Graham Hancock, Walter Schoch, Walter Cruttenden and many others will be speaking at this exciting event. To learn more, click here
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