Campus Diversity and Birds of a Feather
Campus Diversity and Birds of a Feather
How significant is student diversity to current and prospective students?
Two seemingly basic principles of human dynamics, "birds of a feather flock together" and "opposites attract one another," in fact represent a highly complex issue for college-bound students and institutions of higher ed. Diversification of college campuses through proactive recruiting and intentional admissions policies has been the most protracted, sensitive, and, in some circles, inflammatory issue confronting administrators in recent years.
Our purpose here is not to address the complex legal and political elements of the affirmative action debate. We do, however, want to discuss the significance of student diversification to present and prospective students.
Students yearn to get the lives they've dreamed of via exposure to new ideas, people, and activities.
We find that the vast majority of students contemplating the rite of passage of leaving home to undertake the college experience encapsulate one of their primary goals in today's vernacular as "wanting to get a life." Both young men and women express a sincere desire to engage with peers of different backgrounds, interests, and tastes after living all of their young lives in small towns, suburbs, or even cities where they have attended the same schools with the same fellow students.
Call this desire a function of opposites attracting one another. On the other hand, what young adult who is most likely leaving home to live in a new and strange environment would not want to find a flock of similar friends?
With this tension at work between two competing forces, what role should college admissions play in presenting their college community to prospective students? We believe rather strongly from our conversations with a continuous stream of high school and college students that they comprehend the value of experiencing life in and out of the classroom with a diverse and varied community of peers.
In typical fashion, for example, a young woman who was actively engaged in a community outreach program sponsored by her church youth group wrote the following: "This group is fulfilling because it is diverse in all ways: It's welcoming, and it does not make skin-deep assumptions about people. I would like to go to a college that has a politically and socially aware student body, a sense of community, and a true mix of student types."
Another high school senior wrote that he was applying to certain colleges because he found on his visits to campuses, as he talked to undergraduates in the dorms and on the soccer teams, that there was a far greater range of students in terms of their geographic, high school, and, he sensed, socio-economic backgrounds. He indicated that this was one of the best features of his years of participation in competitive school athletics.
These students reflect the concerns and aspirations of so many contemporary college-bound young men and women. They may not have read The World Is Flat or have understood the implications of globalization they will have to contend with in time, but they definitely yearn to get that life they have dreamed of through exposure to new ideas, people, and activities. They understand that America and the larger world is increasingly, if not a true melting pot, an environment that is far more diversified and heterogeneous than that which they have experienced to date.
This potential to mix with opposites can represent one of the major attractions for the more socially, emotionally, and intellectually mature student. Those students who are not yet aware of or interested in gaining such exposure and understanding surely will profit from living in a mixed setting in college. We pin our hopes on the expectation that while some might wish more to flock with peers with the same interests and backgrounds only, they will over time broaden their attitudes and ideas and seek out a mixed community of ideas and individuals.
We seek to clarify the meaning of campus diversity as we counsel with students. A diverse community represents much more than racial or ethnic diversity. Other important aspects are socio-economic, geographic, international, intellectual, artistic, athletic, personality-based, political, gender-based, and sexual orientation-based.
Most parents and students tell us that a diverse community is one of the most important college evaluation criteria today. This reflects the kind and quality of students a particular college is able to attract and thus the kind and quality of education they will receive. A community comprised of students with a wide range of individual interests and talents, commitments and values, dedication to their respective fields of study, backgrounds, perspectives, and personalities fosters intellectual growth and social awareness beyond anything students will have experienced prior to their college life.
Oh yes, there is still that matter of flocking together that's so important to these future collegians. We believe all institutional leaders must work toward achieving a balance of representative types, in contrast to a one-dimensional social and intellectual environment that can make it nearly impossible for a broad representation of individuals to feel at home. We know some colleges have created, intentionally or not, such an imbalanced community that they have lost the mix that would ensure a broadening experience for their students. We think here of Malcolm Gladwell's concept of "the tipping point," which he describes in his book of the same name.
Students are very alert to colleges that have crossed or seem to be crossing a tipping point. This could happen in terms of male/female parity, liberal to conservative ideology, religious orthodoxy, or racial or ethnic composition, for example.
Is there a place in America for IHEs that adopt a more one-dimensional stance or profile along one of the identifying factors we mention above? Surely there is, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities, women's colleges, some remaining men's colleges, colleges with a strong religious affiliation and program, military academies, and institutions with more "liberal" or "alternative" educational and social approaches. That's the beauty of the American higher educational system: There is likely to be a choice, indeed more than one choice, for any qualified student.
We do find that most college applicants, and most mainstream institutions, do in any event prefer a more balanced and diverse college environment.
We challenge college representatives to articulate clearly and sincerely what they mean by a diverse community and how this will enhance the development of every individual on campus. Simply using the term "diversity" is frequently interpreted as code for recruiting more students of color, which does not reflect the needs and the desires of the majority of college men and women, including those students of color.
We maintain a file of the best examples of college profiles we receive from a variety of IHEs: small liberal arts colleges like Kenyon (Ohio), Ivy League schools like Dartmouth, large public universities like the University of Wisconsin-Madison. During our meetings with students we will often use these to illustrate not only the admissions profile and requirements for entering students but also the current composition of the student body.
The best profiles include extensive information on: home state; grades and SAT or ACT scores; how many took calculus, or four years of foreign language; how many were Eagle Scouts or Girl Scout award earners; how many were National Merit Scholars or National Achievement participants; which had unique or peculiar major interests (i.e., ballooning, stamp collecting, bobsledding); how many applied, how many were admitted, and how many males and females were matriculated; how many are legacies; how many are internationals, and where they're from; how many were valedictorians or salutatorians, and other class rank data; their racial and ethnic backgrounds; and their intended majors.
The best college profiles include extensive information on students' backgrounds.
Profiles are also helpful when they point out special admission programs and unique or typical college academic and extracurricular programs available to students at the school. Students want to find themselves, and their flock, in these profiles; they also want to be excited by the others they would find themselves among.
As the composition of America's population now tops 300 million people of increasingly diverse cultural, ethnic, religious, and racial backgrounds, college graduates will need more than their parents did the skills and the desire to deal with individuals who represent a wide array of cultural, ethnic, economic, and religious backgrounds and perspectives.
No credible institution that claims to prepare our greatest natural resource-young men and women of talent and purpose-for future moral, political, and economic leadership should apologize or waver in its determination to expose its entire community to the diversity of which we speak here.
You can assist the young men and women who are considering your institution by reaffirming that it is perfectly fine to look for that flock of peers that appear to have similar feathers initially, and that in time, they will be attracted to the opposite types on campus. When they get to campus, it will take effort to help those types come together and interact successfully, but that is a story for another day.
Howard and Matthew Greene are independent education consultants and the authors of Greenes' Guides to Educational Planning. To contact them, visit


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IMHU: The Oxford Workshop
Wednesday, August 10th and Thursday 11th, 2016 8:30-17:00
Venue: Quaker Meeting House, Oxford
Improv for Humanity was established in 2014 at the Applied Improvisation Network Conference in Austin by a small group of members who were interested in creating a forum for people to discuss how improvisation is being applied to address the vast array of challenges facing us––from refugee crises and climate change, to disaster preparedness and working with vulnerable populations. This year at the AIN conference we will be partnering with the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre to organize a specially-convened professional workshop. The workshop will bring together members of AIN, the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, those working in the humanitarian sector, and others interested in using applied improvisation pro-social impact and innovation.
With the increase in both natural and human driven disasters, the need to tackle some of our most entrenched humanitarian issues is growing. In a world characterized by increasing complexity and uncertainty, there is a need for new and creative ways to increase our capacity to positively impact communities at risk. Humanitarians are often seeking different ways of responding to our most serious issues, hoping to more successfully anticipate, absorb and adapt to the range of events around us. One innovative method, increasingly used in non-governmental organisations, community settings, academia, private industry, and governmental sectors is called Applied Improvisation.
To increase awareness of and capacity in this dynamic methodology, Improv for Humanity, in collaboration with the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre and the Applied Improvisation Network invite you to a specially-convened professional workshop to explore how you and your organisation can become more adaptable, flexible, spontaneous and resilient and can use these new tools and strategies for increasing these capacities in the communities with whom you work. A wide range of humanitarian contexts will be explored and there will be a particular focus on linking the humanitarian sphere with the climate resilience agenda.
Workshop objectives include:
- Developing a common understanding of the humanitarian context and the benefits and challenges of using applied improvisation techniques,
- Exploring how improvisation techniques can build resilience amongst humanitarian workers, and affected communities, before, during, and after disasters,
- Designing and implementing creative and dynamic activities that engage communities and partners and illuminate even the most serious issue,
- Learning facilitation tips, tricks, techniques relevant for engaging diverse groups within and beyond humanitarian sector,
- Applying improvisation techniques in facilitation, capacity building and training, monitoring and evaluation, and learning events.
The workshop will also include a Design Lab, where you can bring actual, real-world situations and issues to see how improvisation techniques might be helpful. You will interact with other professionals from the humanitarian sector and experts in creativity and applied improvisation.
Keywords: humanitarian, pro-social, climate change, innovation

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Information about the History of Broxtowe.
People have lived in the area since early times for three prime reasons - rich agricultural land, the proximity of the Rivers Trent and Erewash and the availability of natural building materials. The extensive and easily-mined coal deposits also had an important effect on the development of industry in the North of the borough.
Evidence suggests that the land bordering the Trent was occupied in the Middle and Late Palaeolithic period. Signs of later settlements are even more positive, with fragments of characteristic Bronze Age pottery, weapons and dug-out canoes now preserved at Nottingham Castle and University.
The Norman Conquest, recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, shows that Beeston had been held by three Anglo-Saxon lords. Four Englishmen held Stapleford. Greasley and Eastwood appear in the Domesday Book, held under wardship by William Peverel (Peverel of the Peak) as was usual at that time. It was not until the reign of Henry I (1100 -1135) that Peverel was given definite possession of the lands. Political intrigue forced his son to forfeit the land to the Crown in 1155. The lands were eventually divided between Hugh de Beaucham, Baron of Eaton Socon in Bedfordshire and de Argenteins of Wymondly in Hertfordshire. Toton and much of the land around Eastwood were given to the Greys of Codnor Castle. Numerous other minor holdings were recorded at the time and landowners referred to later in this guide include the Strelleys, the Willoughbys of Wollaton and Bramcote and the Cantelupes at Greasley.
The Middle Ages
Tenant farming was prevalent during this period and common pasture land was used for cattle. The system changed little until the early 17th century and the Enclosure Act of the 19th century
Dissolution of Monasteries and Enclosure Acts
During the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI the Crown took over numerous small properties and by the end of the 16th century most of the lands had changed hands. The Enclosure Act, where the ownership of agricultural land became more rigorously defined, did not come into effect in Nottingham until the early 19th century. One important consequence was that newly-evolving factories were built around, rather than in, Nottingham as land became available for development.
The Development of Industry
The early trades were mainly rural but, following the invention of the stacking frame, a new cottage industry arose. By 1750 there were about 50 manufacturers in Nottingham employing over 1,500 knitters in the surrounding districts. Modified machines soon saw a diversification into lace, and these two trades became the principal industries of Nottinghamshire. In the north, the rich coal deposits were worked as early as 1485 and were beginning to be exploited by the end of the 18th century as factories demanded steam power. As the mines expanded transport systems developed.
Railways and Canals
Roads were poor in the 18th century, and this limited the movement of coal. Canals helped to overcome this, and one of the earliest to be constructed was the Erewash Canal which opened in 1779. The Trent Navigation Company was set up to build locks and weirs at Beeston together with a canal to Nottingham to provide ready access to the Trent for the mines. In Eastwood the coal masters began to realise that the increase in trade might tempt the canal company to demand monopoly rates. As a result, an alternative canal to Nottingham was built and opened in 1796.
Coal masters Barber and Walker promoted the idea of a railway to run down the Erewash Valley from Pinxton to Leicester. The scheme eventually became the Midland Counties Railway. In 1875 the Great Northern Railway ran a track along the Erewash Valley from Nottingham via Eastwood. This line closed in 1966 and the Eastwood to Kimberley bypass now occupies the line of the track.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Provided by: workman_1.3.4-23_i386 bug
 workmanrc, workmandb - database and preferences files for workman
 $HOME/.workmanrc or value of WORKMANRC variable
 $HOME/.workmandb or value(s) of WORKMANDB variable
 The .workmandb file stores information about compact discs. It is
 generated by workman(1) based on user input. Its companion file,
 .workmanrc, stores the general user preferences and the user
 preferences for each disc. The distinction between the two is that
 .workmandb contains only the hard information about a CD (the disc
 name, artist, track titles, etc.) and is often shared among several
 users. .workmanrc, on the other hand, contains settings like the
 user's email address sent to the CDDB server, the default volumes of
 particular tracks, the numbers of tracks to be avoided, and so forth.
 Each user generally maintains a private.workmanrc, even if a shared
 .workmandb is being used.
 Though workman(1) stores different information in each file, both files
 have an identical format; most of this manual page will not distinguish
 between the two. Each line of the file is of the form
 [s-]keyword [optional whitespace-separated arguments]
 Empty lines are ignored. Lines starting with unrecognized keywords are
 retained and written back out verbatim when the database is saved. The
 program preserves the ordering of unrecognized lines, and their
 positions relative to the track information. This allows the database
 to be extended to hold any sort of information desired by the user.
 Keywords that begin with "s-" apply to sections rather than tracks.
 See the sections keyword below. A CD entry with "s-" keywords must
 have a sections keyword as well. This is done for backward
 compatibility and will disappear eventually, and in any case only
 applies to keywords found in.workmandb (the assumption is that users
 won't downgrade the versions they run, so.workmanrc doesn't need to be
 Some keywords are delimiters that modify the meanings of keywords that
 follow; others are position-independent and may occur anywhere in the
 file. (In general, the position-independent keywords are concerned
 with settings for the tool as a whole, rather than for a particular
 The keywords, and their arguments, follow. All numeric arguments are
 in decimal unless otherwise specified.
 Initial Keywords
 These keywords must appear before the first CD's entry, and represent
 global settings for the tool. They are usually found in.workmanrc.
 whendone eject | stop | repeat
 Select the default action taken by workman(1) when a CD is
 finished playing. The default is stop.
 If specified, workman(1) will play unknown CDs (those not listed
 in.workmanrc) when they're inserted.
 cddbprotocol cddbp | http | proxy
 Protocol to be used for CDDB requests. workman(1) can either
 use the CDDBP or the HTTP protocol. PROXY denotes the use of a
 proxy server for CDDBP requests. If this keyword is not set
 workman(1) does not use CDDB support.
 cddbserver host[:port]
 name of the CDDB server to be used, e.g. If
 port is not provided we use port 888 for CDDBP requests and port
 80 for HTTP requests.
 cddbmailaddress email-address
 This is the user's email address that will be sent to the CDDB
 server. It must be given in the form user@host. If this address
 is not provided an identification based on the login name and
 the hostname will be sent.
 cddbpathtocgi path
 If the HTTP protocol is used this keyword provides the path to
 the CGI script answering the CDDB requests. This is usually
 cddbproxy host[:port]
 The name of a proxy that can be used for CDDB requests. If port
 is not provided port 80 will be used.
 CD Information
 The rest of the keywords describe specific CDs.
 tracks ntracks start1 start2... startn length
 This keyword delimits the start of a particular CD's entry (and
 thus the end of the previous entry.) Its arguments contain the
 information used to distinguish one disc from another. The
 first argument, ntracks, is the number of tracks on the CD. For
 each of those tracks, there is a start value, which is the
 starting frame of the track (a frame is approximately 1/75th of
 a second.) The final argument is the length of the CD in
 sections nsects start1 start2... startn
 Workman(1) allows the user to split a CD's physical tracks into
 smaller virtual tracks called sections. The sections keyword,
 which must immediately follow tracks, defines the starting
 positions of the sections. Sections are inserted into the track
 list, and track numbers are adjusted accordingly, e.g. section
 1.2 as presented to the user is represented as track 2 in the
 database file. If the sections listed in .workmandb and
 .workmanrc differ,.workmandb takes precedence, and sections
 listed only in.workmanrc are discarded.
 cdname name
 The name of the current disc, as supplied by the user.
 artist name
 The artist's name for the current disc, as supplied by the user.
 playmode mode
 The default play mode for the CD is mode, a numeric value. 0 is
 the "normal" play mode (play all tracks sequentially) and 1 is
 "shuffle" mode. If mode is 2 or greater, the default play
 sequence is a playlist (mode 2 meaning the first playlist, 3
 meaning the second, etc.)
 If autoplay is present, this CD will begin playing immediately
 when it is inserted.
 cdvolume volume
 The default play volume of the CD, a value from 0 to 32. If
 volume is 0, the CD has no default volume (since 0 is the
 default, cdvolume will usually not be present in that case.)
 playlist name number track1 track2...
 Define a playlist for the current CD. The name does not contain
 any whitespace; whitespace is converted to "_" on output and "_"
 is converted to whitespace on input. (See the BUGS section.)
 The number argument is the number of tracks contained in the
 playlist; the rest of the line is a list of track numbers.
 Playlists are ordered; see the playmode keyword above.
 track [name]
 The name of a track. This delimits the start of a track's
 information. The name argument is optional; it will not be
 present unless the user has supplied a track name. This line
 may be divided into display lines with the "//" token.
 Additionally, a display line beginning with "+" indicates that
 the rest of the display line contains a replacement disc title
 (usually the name of a group of tracks, such as "Symphony No. 2"
 on a disc with more than one piece of music.) A display line
 beginning with "@" replaces the artist's name for the track. If
 "+" or "@" is the only character on a display line, workman(1)
 will use the title or artist from the previous track, searching
 backwards as necessary. If a display line is empty, the
 corresponding display line from the previous track is used.
 The current track is a continuation of the previous one (e.g.
 the second movement of a symphony.)
 dontplay track
 Don't play a track (


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The State of Washington is a nature lovers dream. The natural scenery in the state is some of the most breath taking and awe-inspiring in the entire United States. Buy bundle of trees and make significant impact on Washington's environment. Gift giving is an act that can show that you are thankful.
Giving is an emotion. It's not logical. Plant trees, give this unique gift and feel sincere gratitude when you give something that elevates happiness and wellbeing of all of us.
Why is it important to plant trees? They prevent erosion of the soil, as well as provide a home for a variety of animals. Of critical importance to humans, they also play a major role in producing the oxygen we breathe and cleaning carbon dioxide out of the air. "Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better." ~ Albert Einstein
With every purchase, you will receive an e-mail with the official My Tree Planet Color Certificate. This e-mail and the attached Certificate will be sent within 24 hours (or sooner) after your purchase. You can also order a physical copy of this Certificate for an additional charge.


Home » Health Conditions » Viral Infections » Other Viruses
What Are the Most Dangerous Types of Bacterial Infections?
There are a plethora of types of bacterial infections such as bacterial infections vaginal and bacterial skin infections, but the most dangerous types of bacterial infections have to be the ones that are or are becoming resistant to antibiotics.
Types Of Bacterial Infections
Why are resistant bacterial infections on the rise anyways? There are two main reasons that are closely related. One of the reasons is mutation, evolvement and adaptation of bacteria that happen faster than other species. Their life spans are short and because of this they are able to make the evolutionary changes to resist antibiotics. For example, the types of bacterial infections that are resistant to penicillin alter the structure of their cell membrane so penicillin (which works by going into the cell membrane and destroying the bacteria) is rendered useless. Another reason that more resistant types of bacterial infections are showing up is overusing of antibacterial products. We have hand sanitizers and antibacterial soap and in addition, doctors tend to over prescribe antibiotics instead of allowing our bodies to fight off the infection naturally. While antibiotics are useful, our bodies do have natural defense mechanisms against most bacterial infections and the use of antibiotics is not always necessary.
Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that is responsible for the most common types of bacterial infection. It is often contracted in hospitals and has been in the news lately as becoming one of the most antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria, called MRSA.
In order to fix this problem we need to create better and more efficient antibiotics, learn more about infection control and prescribe antibiotics only when necessary to avoid rapid mutation of common bacteria.


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Diver Dragged Underwater by Whale in New Zealand – What Species?
While the traumatized free diver claims that an orca swam over, grabbed a catch bag that was tied to his wrist, and dragged him underwater until he almost ran out of breath, it is highly unlikely that this was actually an orca. For starters, orcas are unknown to attack humans in the wild, nor would they likely be interested in stealing a catch bag since the contents (which included crayfish) are not likely to be part of their diet.
It sounds much more like the work of a pilot whale, a species who have been known to drag humans underwater, always returning them to the surface just in time before drowning can occur. This appears to be how the whales send people a message when they feel harassed, and people don't understand the warnings given by the whales.
In May 1992 a swimmer entered waters south off Hawaii and swam with a group of short-finned pilot whales. During the encounter one whale dramatically changed its behavior and finally attacked the swimmer by opening its mouth and grabbing the swimmer's inner left thigh. Seconds later the human swimmer was drowned to 40 feet below the surface. Finally, the swimmer was brought back to the water surface. The scenario was filmed underwater and can be viewed on YouTube (…here…).The woman survived this life-threatening attack. (From PilotWhales.org.)
Short finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Short finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Pilot whales can be confused with orcas, they are both commonly called 'blackfish', and both occupy New Zealand waters.
In any case, this is such an odd occurrence that it may turn out to be an incomplete story. Like orcas, pilot whales are not known to randomly approach human divers and drag them underwater when the people are minding their own business.
Quoted below is part of the article in which the diver expressed that he assumed it was and orca, although he never saw it because of bubbles that obscured his vision:
Diver survives death spiral in whale attack
By Amy Maas 5:30 AM Sunday Feb 23, 2014
Levi Gavin says the orca dragged him beneath the water for more than 40 seconds before he broke free. Photo / Doug Sherring
A free diver who was dragged to the depths of the ocean by a killer whale has told how he got down to his "last breath" during the terrifying ordeal.
Levi Gavin, 23, was collecting kina and crayfish at Horahora Estuary, 30km east of Whangarei on February 10, when an orca grabbed a catch bag attached to his right arm.
It dragged him beneath the water for more than 40 seconds before a rope connecting him to the bag came undone and he was able to free himself from the death spiral. Remarkably, he escaped injury.
In an exclusive interview, the keen fisherman told how he had tried to relax as he was being dragged deeper and deeper by the giant sea creature.
"As soon as it got me under water, my goggles came off and kept flapping on my face and it just kept going," he told the Herald on Sunday.
"I went to go open my eyes but all I could see was little white bubbles so I just closed my eyes and tried not to use my energy because then I use up my breath.
"I got to my last breath. I couldn't really think at the time."
Gavin popped off his weight belt and floated to the surface before realising his arm was "dead" and he was unable to swim.
"My cousin was about 30m from me and I could hear his flippers from a mile away trying to get out to me because he saw me pop up.
Candace Calloway Whiting
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Study of impact of liquid droplets on glass prism surface
Date of Issue2016-05-30
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Droplet impact is a natural, common but complex phenomena that occurs in everyday life. It plays an important role in many and almost any situation where fluids is involved. The study of droplet impact in fluid mechanics has been ongoing for many years, but the behaviours that droplets exhibit are still being discussed extensively. Many research have been done and papers published, but there are still numerous potential areas of study that can be done. This study observes the impact of droplets of water, and five other liquids characterised by their low surface tension. Several equations and models from previous studies will be reviewed and referenced in attempt to fit the behaviours of these liquids to a scale that may or may not be existing. This paper will also show that using images of droplets captured from the side has its limitations. By using a relatively new method to capture images of droplets from the bottom, comparisons can be made and the differences in images from the two views can be identified. With this method, more accurate results and wider range of study in the field of fluid mechanics may be possible. A subproject dealing with hydrophobic spray makes use of this method to observe wetting areas of a coated surface.
DRNTU::Engineering::Mechanical engineering::Fluid mechanics
Final Year Project (FYP)
Nanyang Technological University


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Victims of crime have a natural interest in taking action to prevent themselves, their families or their homes and possessions being victimised again. Research suggests that victims of crime do act on crime prevention advice more readily than do non-crime victims.
The Federal Government and the Australian States and Territories have a range of crime prevention programs.
- New South Wales Crime Prevention Division
The Crime Prevention Division was formed as part of the NSW Attorney General's Department in May 1996. It is the New South Wales Government's key agency for advice on crime prevention policy and programs in New South Wales.
- South Australian Crime Prevention Unit
The aim of the South Australian Crime Prevention Unit is to work with other agencies and sectors in order to reduce or prevent crime. Aside from its work with the Australian and New Zealand Crime Prevention Ministerial Forum, the CPU undertakes a range of crime prevention projects and programs within South Australia. These projects and programs are located within two streams. The streams are local crime prevention programs and special projects.
- Crime Prevention Victoria (CPV)
Crime Prevention Victoria (CPV) is an agency established to develop and implement a comprehensive crime prevention and anti-violence strategy and provide information and support on best practice models of crime prevention. In particular, CPV will deliver on the State Government's policy of tackling crime and its causes. The focus will be on targeted research and data analysis, information and evidence-based action.
- SAFER W.A.
SAFER W.A. is a whole-of-government and whole-of-community initiative to build safe and secure environments for all Western Australians. SAFER W.A. enables local communities to identify the priority local law and order problems and to develop effective local solutions.
- Office of Crime Prevention
The Office of Crime Prevention will coordinate the implementation of a whole of Government crime prevention strategy; evaluate the success or failures of crime prevention strategies; provide policy advice about crime reduction initiatives to the whole of Government; independently collect, analyse and publish crime statistics; and continue the NTsafe grant scheme and community liaison and support activities.
- Crime Prevention and Community Safety Council
A Crime Prevention and Community Safety Council was established to create a safer and more secure Tasmania by developing partnerships between community and government to focus on crime prevention. The Crime Prevention and Community Safety Council consists of eleven members representing government and the community. The aim of the Council is to reduce levels of crime in Tasmania, and to assist people in Tasmanian communities to feel safe.
- National Crime Prevention
The National Crime Prevention Programme's objectives are to identify and promote innovative ways of reducing and preventing crime and the fear of crime.
- Australian and New Zealand Crime Prevention Ministerial Forum (National Anti-Crime Strategy)
The Australian and New Zealand Crime Prevention Ministerial Forum comprises the Ministers representing each Australian jurisdiction and New Zealand. The Forum evolved out of the National Anti-Crime Strategy which was a shared initiative of State and Territory Governments in Australia.
- New Zealand Crime Prevention Unit
The New Zealand Crime Prevention Unit in the Ministry of Justice is responsible for undertaking coordination between government, local government, iwi, Pacific Island groups and other community organisations for facilitating the crime prevention and community safety partnership and the development of specific crime prevention responses; coordination of community input on crime prevention and community safety issues and contribution to policy advice on such issues; and management of the purchase of crime prevention and community safety programmes and initiatives from safer community councils, iwi and Pacific people's groups.
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Get ready for Curiosity Days at Pacific Science Center or join in the fun at home with these educational and entertaining books for children and teens. This month, satisfy your curiosity about the Science of Life and talk about it with your family and friends.
Read any of these books on the Science of Life.
Talk about these questions after reading.
- How can you tell if something is living or non-living?
- What do living things need to survive?
- How do living things cooperate? How do they compete?
- How does modern technology affect living things?
- If you were a biologist (someone who studies the science of life) what would you specialize in?


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March 8, 2012 - People in Texas don't always know what to think about the plastic-covered "high tunnels" that Russ Wallace manages for Texas AgriLife Extension outside of Lubbock. Sometimes they ask him how his "wind tunnels" are doing. Others compliment him on his greenhouses.
"We get plenty of wind in Lubbock, but they are not wind tunnels," Wallace said. "They're not exactly greenhouses, either."
To the untrained eye, high tunnels, or hoop houses as they are sometimes called, look a lot like greenhouses. The fact that they are used to grow fruits and vegetables reinforces the notion, but high tunnels are not heated and don't have electricity or cement floors. The crops are planted directly into the soil or in raised beds. Growers can even drive a small tractor right inside.
Texans can be excused for not knowing what to call high tunnels. In a country that is tenth in the world in the number of high tunnels in use, Texas ranks near the bottom in the number of high tunnels being used in the United States. Wallace's work for Extension is part of a research and Extension project funded through a U.S. Department of Agriculture Specialty Crops Research Initiative grant. Similar work is also being conducted at Texas Tech, Washington State University, and Western Washington University along with private industries and regional growers.
Wallace, a vegetable and weed specialist with Extension, is from upstate New York and never suspected that his dream job would be on the arid and windy South Plains of Texas. The wind is a constant fact of life on the South Plains, and the cost and amount of work required to maintain a productive high tunnel generally increases in relation to how much wind a tunnel has to endure. Since crops inside a high tunnel are not exposed to rain - unless the plastic tears, which is another issue completely - some kind of irrigation system is a must.
Much of the labor and cost comes from buying and assembling a hoop house. "It's important to have at least one person reading the directions," Wallace notes. Costs can vary from 25 cents per square foot to $300. In windy areas, the extra money is usually worth the cost because maintenance and repair costs will be lower with higher quality materials.
That was evident last year when Lubbock was hit by a massive dust storm that rose 1,800 feet in the air and was seven counties wide with sustained winds of more than 70 miles per hour. The plastic covering Wallace's hoop houses suffered a tear about 25 feet long.
"I was pretty impressed with that," Wallace said. "I wouldn't have been too surprised if had just blew away."
The benefits can be considerable. Wallace has found that the high tunnels extend the growing season, especially for farmers market growers. Strawberries in particular have done well in his high tunnels - 880 percent better. Berries were planted in the hoop houses during fall of last year and harvesting began Feb. 21. Strawberries planted in the field weren't harvested until April 5. One variety of strawberries, Festival, produced $2,650 in revenue per high compared to $262 for the same variety of berries grown in the field. Results with other varieties had similar results.
"In our area anyway, there's really no point in growing strawberries outside," Wallace said. "We spent a little over $8,000. Depending on the crop, you can pay it off in a year. But it is more labor intensive Be prepared to have an increased work load. The advantage is that your pants mature faster and produce more."
Greg Coley, a grower who also runs three farmers markets in Central Texas, said he is in the process of constructing a hoop house because more of his markets are now selling produce year-round.
"I'm looking at growing strawberries in them, and maybe some heirloom tomatoes," he said. "The idea is fairly new to a lot of growers here, but I think it can pay off if you grow the right things at the right time for your market."
High tunnels come withotherdrawbacks. Leaf and root diseases can flourish in the warm and protected environment, and insect pests are likely to show up earlier and stay longer than they do in the fields. Coley said he plans to combat that problem primarily with a rigorous rotation of crops hoop and with solarization, which essentially allows the heat to build up until it burns the pests.
Wallace said his original intent was to grow produce inside the high tunnels organically, but he has since used some chemicals to combat disease and pest problems. "With organics, the growth is so good that you get more diseases growing inside than out. We don't get a lot of weed pressure because it's dry except for where the plants are growing," he said.


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If you experience quality issues on your network, you may want to look into monitoring your network to draw any clues about the issues. A tool called SmokePing comes handy in this case. SmokePing is one of the best network latency visualization tools available on Linux.
For latency visualization, SmokePing relies on a list of other probing utilities (e.g., fping, tcpping, etc.) to measure network latencies. The individual measurements generated by these probing utilities are then stored locally as time-series data. SmokePing use this data to visualize packet latency, loss and jitter over a time period.
In this tutorial, I will describe how to measure network latency, packet loss and jitter with SmokePing.
If SELinux is enabled on your system, SmokePing may not run properly. So make sure to disable SELinux on your system. To disable SELinux, edit /etc/selinux/config as follows, and reboot.
To install SmokePing on Debian or Ubuntu, do the following:
$ sudo aptitude install smokeping curl libauthen-radius-perl libnet-ldap-perl libnet-dns-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libnet-telnet-perl libsocket6-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl apache2 sendmail
To install SmokePing on Fedora, run:
Once you have installed SmokePing, configure it as follows.
cgiurl = http://ip_address_of_your_host/cgi-bin/smokeping.cgi
By default, SmokePing will measure network latencies for local host, by using fping. You can customize this default settings as you wish (e.g., add additional probing destinations, change probing tools, etc). Read on to learn how to customize SmokePing settings.
To configure probing tools to use in SmokePing, edit the following.
+ FPing binary = /usr/bin/fping offset = 50% step = 60 timeout = 10 pings = 5 + TCPPing binary = /usr/bin/tcpping forks = 5 offset = 50% step = 60 timeout = 10 pings = 5
In the above example, I define two probing tools: fping and tcpping. The former uses ICMP packets to measure latencies, while the latter uses TCP packets. tcpping is useful when a destination host blocks ICMP packets.
- binary: path for a given probing tool.
- fork: how many processes to use for probing.
- offset: how varied multiple concurrent probes are in terms of their launch time within a given time interval.
- step: duration of time interval (in seconds) for probing.
- timeout: timeout value to be used in a given probing tool.
- pings: how many pings should be sent in each time interval.
To configure a list of destination hosts to probe, edit the following.
probe = FPing menu = Latency title = Latency Measurement remark = SmokePing Latency Test. + Internal_Host menu = Internal_Hosts title = Cloud Latency Measurements ++ Home title = Home host = 192.168.1.6 ++ Verizon_FIOS title = Verizon FIOS host = 10.0.0.4 ++ Optimum title = Optimum Online host = 10.0.0.5 ++ EC2 title = EC2 East host = ec2-102-22-3-146.compute-1.amazonaws.com ++ Azure title = Azure East host = edgesrver.cloudapp.net + External_Router menu = External_Routers title = Cloud Latency Measurements probe = TCPPing ++ Verizon_DSL title = Verizon DSL probe = TCPPing host = 18.104.22.168
You can customize the above file as you want. For each probing target (under "++"), you can define a custom probing tool to use (e.g., "probe = TCPPing"). For a complete list of probing tools that are compatible with SmokePing, refer to this list. Note that you will need to install any necessary probing tools separately if you decide to use them.
Whenever you change SmokePing configuration, be sure to restart SmokePing as follows.
On Ubuntu or Debian:
SmokePing may fail to restart if there are existing measurements collected based on the previous configuration, and the updated configuration is not compatible with existing measurements. In that case, you will need to remove previously collected measurements (located in /var/lib/smokeping) in order to be able to restart SmokePing.
You can browse latency measurements visualized by SmokePing at http://ip_address_of_your_host/cgi-bin/smokeping.cgi. This web page will automatically be refreshed as latency measurements are accumulated.
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VIDA Training Course: Creating an appropriate framework for collaboration in innovation projects: intercultural skills and consortium agreement
22. Okt 2019 at 10:00 - 11:00
With this training course, we would like to show that there a many cultural differences in Europe, which can lead to misunderstandings that in turn can have destructive consequences for cooperation. Additionally, some tools introduced can be used to improve intercultural communication. Finally, some specific tips for building successful international project teams will and consortium agreement be discussed.
Objectives of the training course:
 - Creating awareness about intercultural differences and the potential dangers of misunderstanding
 - Showing sources for misunderstanding and tools to avoid the negative impact
 - What do intercultural differences mean for international project teams?
 - The meaning of culture
 - Communication tools for intercultural collaboration
 - Tips on how to build the international project teams
This training will be facilitated by Alexander Schwock (BNPT)
Registration free but compulsory here.


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Identify and Explain Key Quotations in 'Jane Eyre'
In this worksheet, students will identify and explain key quotes from 'Jane Eyre'.
'Identify and Explain Key Quotations in 'Jane Eyre'' worksheet
Key stage: KS 4
GCSE Subjects: English Literature
GCSE Boards: Eduqas, OCR, Pearson Edexcel, AQA,
Curriculum topic: 19th Century Prose, 19th Century Novel, The 19th Century Novel
Curriculum subtopic: Jane Eyre
Difficulty level:
Worksheet Overview
In the exam, you will need to be able to select quotations from an extract from 'Jane Eyre' and explain what these show about a character or theme.
You will also need to refer to different parts of the text, using quotations to support your ideas.
You should try to build a bank of quotations for each character and theme and learn these so that you can use them readily in your exam response.
Top tip for the exam: When you are referring to the text as a whole, you will be awarded marks for paraphrasing or making reference to part of the text as well as using direct quotations.
In this activity you will practise identifying:
- Who is speaking in particular quotations
- What quotations suggest about a character
- What theme or idea is explored in a quotation
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Natural Bridge Zoo
The Natural Bridge Zoo Park is home to the most complete collection of animals and birds in the state of Virginia and is a center for rare and endangered species.
African Elephant Rides are held at scheduled times, please visit website for those times.
At scheduled times, photo opportunities with specific baby animals, such as white Baby Tigers, are held.
Take a walk on the wild side with mountain lions, tigers, bears, serval, zebras, various antelope, alligators, and more.
Monkey around with numerous species of baboons, capuchins, gibbons, lemurs, macaques, and spider monkeys.
Feed herds of Giraffe, llamas, pygmy goats, exotic donkeys, camels, fallow deer, and pot-bellied pigs.
Photograph rare cranes, hornbills, and Virginia's first colony of breeding flamingo.
More than 100 babies are born each year.
Picnic area.
 Please Visit Website


First Ladies: Edith Bolling Galt Wilson
posted in: First Ladies, First Lady | 0
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson was the second wife of President Woodrow Wilson. She married him in during the middle of his first term after the death of his wife, Ellen
young Edith Boiling Galt Wilson
Axsom Wilson.
Edith Bolling was born on October 15, 1872 in Wytheville, Virginia. She was the daughter of Judge William Holcombe and Sarah "Sallie" Spears White Bolling. She was the seventh of their eleven children, two of whom died in infancy.
She had little formal education and studied under various family members. She also cared for her Grandmother Bolling who was bed bound. Under the woman she learned to read and write, speak partial French, make dresses, crochet, knit and embroider, and learn to appreciate music and poetry.
At fifteen, she went to Martha Washington College, a finishing school. She left after a semester and went to Powell's School for Girls in Richmond, Virginia. She would say this was the happiest time in her life.
While visiting her sister in Washington, D.C. she met a prominent jeweler, Norman Galt. They were married on April 30, 1896 and lived in the capital city. In 1903 they had a son who only lived a few day. She was unable to have any more children.
In January 1908, her husband unexpectedly died at the age of 43.
In March 1915, she was introduced to President Woodrow Wilson, a widower, by the President's first cousin.
Woodrow and Edith Wilson
President Wilson took an instant liking to her, which quickly grew into love. " Distressed at the effect all this might be having on his fiancee, Wilson offered Mrs. Galt the opportunity to back out of their engagement. She replied that she would stand by him not for duty, pity or honor, but for love. Edith also insisted on postponing the wedding until the end of the official year of mourning for Mrs. Wilson."
Edith Bolling Galt married Woodrow Wilson on December 18, 1915 at her home in Washington, D.C.
Edith served as First Lady during World War I. To support the efforts she "observed gasless Sundays, meatless Mondays, and wheatless Wednesdays to set an example for the federal rationing effort. Similarly, she set sheep to graze on the White House lawn rather than waste manpower in mowing it and auctioned off their wool for the benefit of the American Red Cross."
Woodrow and Edith Wilson
Returning home from the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, President Wilson suffered a stroke. Edith carefully monitored who could see her husband and assisted him in his duties as President. To this date historians still debate how bad the stroke was and to what extent Edith Wilson ran the country.
In her memoir she called her role a "stewardship".
In 1921, President Wilson left office and they lived in her Washington, D.C. home. Edith nursed him until his death three years later.
She later served as director of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation.
She remained active in Democratic politics. She accompanied President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he asked congress to declare war following the Pearl Harbor attacks and was present at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.
Edith Wilson died on December 28, 1961. She was 89 years old. She was buried beside her husband at the Washington Cathedral.


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What Is a Letter of Intent?
Letters of intent, commonly referred to as 'heads of agreement', are used to indicate the terms under which two or more people intend to enter into a contractual relationship when doing business together.
The term 'letter of intent' has no legal significance. However, the courts have often treated so-called letters of intent as contracts capable of being enforced, so care must be taken when drafting them.
One legally binding clause that is normally included in a letter of intent is the confidentiality clause in which it is agreed that confidential information acquired during negotiations will not be disclosed to any third party or otherwise used.
Why Use Letters of Intent?
Many letters of intent are really a mechanism by which the parties to a deal give each other reassurance of their intentions. They provide strategic guidance as to how a deal is to be done. They are also useful when outsiders need to be brought into the picture. For example, a takeover deal may need to be financed by institutional investors. The letter of intent is a valuable tool for them in their decision-making.
A letter of intent can be submitted to the relevant authorities in order to obtain a clearance that a particular way of structuring a deal will not cause problems: for example, obtaining a tax clearance from the Inland Revenue.
What Problems Might Arise?
Letters of intent can present problems. Unless drafted carefully, a letter of intent can create a contract, enforceable in the courts. For example, the use of the words'subject to contract', which normally operate to show that contractual relations will be created later, are not always effective in this regard. Similarly, the courts have ruled on several occasions that work done following agreement of a letter of intent should be paid for at a reasonable rate, when the anticipated contract did not materialise.
If negotiations fail, there may be a damaging 'loss of face' if details have been disclosed to third parties.
In addition, UK tax law will often catch 'arrangements' in which a series of predetermined steps is carried out with the effect that tax payable is reduced. The existence of a letter of intent could justify the tax authorities arguing that an arrangement was in effect. This can be of particular importance in management buyouts, sales of businesses and similar deals.
What Should be Included?
Normally, letters of intent should contain the following clauses:
- a statement of the law under which the letters are drafted;
- a statement that they are not binding, or clear identification of any parts that are intended to be contractually binding;
- any provisions for non-completion (e.g. where one side must do work to progress the deal, and whether they will be compensated for this);
- a 'lock out' clause is common, in which the parties agree not to have negotiations with competitors for a period;
- a non-disclosure ('confidentiality') clause defining to whom (if anyone) disclosure of terms can be made.
Recently, the court issued guidance regarding when letters of intent might most usefully be used in construction agreements. In the court's view, letters of intent are most suitable for use when the following are agreed or there is little chance of dispute regarding them:
- the scope of the works;
- the price of the works;
- the date of completion of the works and any 'milestones' prior to final completion; and
- the main contract terms.
The use of letters of intent is also most appropriate when there are good reasons to commence the works prior to the formal contract documents being in place.


text:
How To Remove Antiperspirant from Skin
- Pour some baking soda into a bowl.
- Add warm water to the bowl until it makes a thick spreadable paste.
- Take your mixture into the shower and spread it over the area with the antiperspirant residue.
- Take a wet washcloth and rub the paste off.
- Once the paste is off, rinse the area completely in the shower.
How do you get rid of deodorant build up on your armpits?
Removing Crusty Deodorant Build-Up from Shirts
- Working into a dishpan, pour boiling water slowly through each armpit stain.
- Don't rinse the shirt — just pour off as much of the hot water as you can.
- Apply a mixture of 1:1:1 parts baking soda, hydrogen peroxide and water directly to the stain.
Does deodorant wash off shower?
Antiperspirants are most effective when applied to very dry skin. And no, if you shower in the morning, you won't wash away the deodorant you applied the night before. The effect of the ingredients stays active for around 24 hours (or longer, in some cases), even through showering.
How do you get rid of deodorant residue?
One of the best ways to remove deodorant stains is to begin by soaking your garment in white vinegar. Let the item soak for 45 to 60 minutes, and then gently brush the stain with a textured cloth or old toothbrush. Launder the item as you normally would, using hot water.
How do you clean your armpits?
Cleanse Daily and Exfoliate 1-2 times per week
Gently wash your underarms daily with a mild soap to reduce the growth of smelly bacteria. Exfoliate once or twice a week to help stimulate cell renewal and unclog pores. Underarm skin is sensitive, so choose a gentle exfoliant — one designed for the face is perfect.
Why do my armpits still smell after washing?
They are found in areas where you have hair, such as your armpit and groin area. These glands release a milky fluid when you are stressed and are odorless until they come into contact with a bacteria then they create odor. In other words, lingering underarm odor is caused by enduring bacteria.
What causes pink armpit stains?
It is caused by the deposition of lipofuscin in the sweat glands. Cases of red, blue, green, yellow, pink, and black sweat have been reported. Usually chromhidrosis affects the apocrine glands, mainly on the face and underarms.
How do you detox your armpits?
Simple, natural ways to detox your armpits and reduce body odor:
- Wear natural fibers.
- Mind what you eat.
- Dry off carefully after a shower or bath.
- Drink plenty of water.
- Take chlorophyll or probiotic supplements.
- Apply apple cider vinegar, lemon, or witch hazel.
- Try a bentonite clay mask.
Why do my armpits sweat so much even with deodorant?
The exact causes aren't known, but up to 3% of people suffer from hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis usually starts in adolescence or young adulthood. Sweating is worst in the palms, soles, or underarms. When excessive sweating is limited to these areas, it's called focal hyperhidrosis.
How do I unclog my armpit pores?
Cleanse Daily and Exfoliate 1-2 times per week. Gently wash your underarms daily with a mild soap to reduce the growth of smelly bacteria. Exfoliate once or twice a week to help stimulate cell renewal and unclog pores. Underarm skin is sensitive, so choose a gentle exfoliant — one designed for the face is perfect.
What is the best women's deodorant?
Best Deodorants for Sweating
- Dove Advanced Care Antiperspirant Deodorant.
- Degree Dry Deodorant.
- Secret Clinical Strength Smooth Solid Women's Deodorant.
- Dove Advanced Care Sensitive Antiperspirant.
- Almay Sensitive Skin Clear Gel Antiperspirant Deodorant.
- Kopari Coconut Deodorant.
How do you prevent deodorant stains?
The last thing you want are white marks on clothes—here's how help reduce white marks and ace the all-black look.
- Pick. Pick an antiperspirant deodorant stick or spray.
- Apply. Apply product to dry skin only.
- Avoid. Avoid applying too much antiperspirant deodorant.


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8 April 2011--Assessments indicate that more than 70% of the affected population do not have access to health services. Access to health care for IDPs and refugees is one of the most urgent needs. Furthermore the melting down of the national health system and the increasing impoverishment of population lead to high morbidity due to diseases such as malaria, diarrhoeas, measles and acute respiratory infections, and increased maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity.
Compendium of Consolidated Appeal Process: Health 2008
On 19 August 2006, a ship unloaded around 500 tonnes of petrochemical waste which was subsequently dumped in 17 sites around Abidjan (population estimated at 5 million). This waste contained a mixture of petroleum distillates, hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans, phenolic compounds and sodium hydroxide. Within a few days, thousands of people started complaining of ill health and seeking medical help. Between 5 and 20 September, more than 62 000 people have sought medical care. The number continues to rise daily. Eight deaths have been reported. The international community responded by sending experts teams to support the Government. Clean-up of the waste has started; it is anticipated that this will take about six weeks.


text: Abstract : Ion beam therapy is an innovative radiotherapy technique using mainly carbon ion and proton irradiations. Its aim is to improve the current treatment modalities. Because of the sharpness of the dose distributions, a control of the dose if possible in real time is highly desirable. A possibility is to detect the prompt gamma rays emitted subsequently to the nuclear fragmentations occurring during the treatment of the patient. In a first time two different Compton cameras (double and single scattering) have been optimised by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The response of the camera to a photon point source with a realistic energy spectrum was studied. Then, the response of the camera to the irradiation of a water phantom by a proton beam was simulated. It was first compared with measurement performed with small-size detectors. Then, using the previous measurements, we evaluated the counting rates expected in clinical conditions. In the current set-up of the camera, these counting rates are pretty high. Pile up and random coincidences will be problematic. Finally we demonstrate that the detection system is capable to detect a longitudinal shift in the Bragg peak of +or- 5 mm, even with the current reconstruction algorithm.


Scalable corpus annotation by graph construction and label propagation
Thomas Lansdall-Welfare, Ilias Flaounas, Nello Cristianini
3 Citations (Scopus)
The efficient annotation of documents in vast corpora calls for scalable methods of text classification. Representing the documents in the form of graph vertices, rather than in the form of vectors in a bag of words space, allows for the necessary information to be pre-computed and stored. It also fundamentally changes the problem definition, from a content-based to a relation-based classification problem. Efficiently creating a graph where nearby documents are likely to have the same annotation is the central task of this paper. We compare the effectiveness of various approaches to graph construction by building graphs of 800,000 vertices based on the Reuters corpus, showing that relation-based classification is competitive with Support Vector Machines, which can be considered as state of the art. We further show that the combination of our relation-based approach and Support Vector Machines leads to an improvement over the methods individually.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationInternational Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods
Publication statusPublished - 2012
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Scalable corpus annotation by graph construction and label propagation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
India's rice output expected at 100 mn tons in 2012-13: FAO
The global body on the farm sector had earlier forecast the rice output in India, the world's second largest producer, at 98.5 MT. This was due to late onset of monsoon rains leading to deficit in key northern and southern growing areas.
FAO in its latest 'Food Outlook' report said that output prospects in India were marred until August by below-normal precipitation, but have since been bolstered by a revival of the monsoon rains.
"As a result, the country is predicted to harvest 100 MT in 2012-13, 4 MT less than its outstanding 2011-12 season, but still the second best result in history," FAO said.
The country had harvested a record 104.32 MT of rice in the 2011-12 crop year (JulyŅJune).
"While the resulting replenishment of water reserves should foster an expansion of secondary rabi (winter) crop, the rains may have come too late for the main kharif (summer) crop to be unscathed," it added.
The past few months of the 2012 season were dominated by concern over a possible recurrence of an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) weather anomaly and slow progress of the monsoon rains in India, it said.
"However, in August and September, India's fears were tempered by more generous pattern of the rainfall, and meteorological centre's predictions reverted back to a weak
or neutral ENSO," it added.
According to the
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Tourism is among the largest global market forces driving both environmental and sociocultural change, and indigenous peoples residing in biodiverse regions are particularly vulnerable to this change. As indigenous people engage with global markets, questions arise regarding how different forms of tourism privilege particular indigenous knowledge, and how local communities proactively leverage their knowledge to improve the social and environmental outcomes of tourism. The aim of this ethnographic case study in the region around Misahuallí, Ecuador is to provide a thick description of the tourism-related social, cultural, and environmental changes being faced by this indigenous community, itself a microcosm of the challenges being faced by indigenous communities across the globe. Common pool resource theory and the concepts of subtractability and non-excludability are invoked to analyze the ways that tourism influences the management of traditional cultural knowledge, and alternatively, how this knowledge influences the ways that tourism manifests in the local community. This novel application of traditional ecological knowledge and common pool resource theory to tourism research provides a critical link between these theories, and it extends existing analyses of tourism's influence on common pool environmental resources to common pool cultural resources, in this case, traditional knowledge in Kichwa communities.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Cultural Studies
- Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management
- Nature and Landscape Conservation


text:
LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming) is the leading organisation delivering sustainable food and farming. Working with farmers, the food industry, scientists, educationalists and consumers, LEAF inspires and enables sustainable farming that is prosperous, enriches the environment and engages local communities. It develops and promotes Integrated Farm Management (IFM) and works in three core pillars:
- Facilitating knowledge generation and exchange amongst farmers and researchers through the LEAF Network of Demonstration Farms and Innovation Centres; LEAF develops management tools and resources to support farmers in the adoption of IFM. These include the LEAF Sustainable Farming Review, IFM Guide and IFM Bulletin. Farmers also have the opportunity to see IFM in practice by visiting LEAF Demonstration Farms.
- Developing Market Opportunities through the LEAF Marque Standard.
- Engaging the public in sustainable food and farming through a range of educational and public engagement activities including LEAF Open Farm Sunday, LEAF Open Farm School Days, Countryside Classroom, resources and training.
Role in the project
LEAF is co-leader in the knowledge exchange and dissemination package (work package 7). They also have a network of 38 Demonstration Farms in the UK, which can be interviewed for work package 1 and have links to farmers across Europe and the world who are LEAF Marque certified. The LEAF Marque is a global assurance scheme recognising sustainably farmed products, which can be used as a case study in work package 5.
Key persons involved
- Alice Midmer, Co-leader work package 7, leader task 7.2
- Caroline Drummond
- Laura Tippin, Task 7.2


text:
Welcome to Sustainable Parks!
Download the 2012 Progress Update to the 2011 Plan (PDF) to learn how NYC Parks has improved employee and public engagement around sustainability, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, expanded leaf composting and recycling, and incorporated sustainability into the design and construction of new parks.
Download the full A Plan for Sustainable Practices within NYC Parks
Proud to be known as "New York City's Greenest," Parks and the people that make up this agency are leading New York City in its effort to be more sustainable. The Sustainable Parks section of our website shows what Parks is doing to reduce its carbon footprint across the five boroughs. You can view our agency's key green accomplishments and see how we continue to plan, manage, and grow the City's green spaces in an eco-friendly way.
Browse through the agency's inaugural Sustainable Parks Plan (PDF) to learn more about how Parks plans to build on these accomplishments in the future and reinforce sustainable practices throughout the agency's culture. The Plan is a starting point for grouping sustainable practices within Parks into a more cohesive framework so we can measure and track progress over time. This document will be updated regularly. For more information on sustainability initiatives at Parks, email _EMAIL_.
What is Sustainability?
Sustainability is a commitment to social, economic and environmental factors that promote long-term survival, a capacity to endure and a sustained quality of life. Most important, it means to think about the impact our actions have on the environment, on the economy and on future generations. At Parks, sustainability provides the lens for addressing many of the agency's most pressing challenges.
Sustainability at Parks means:
- Designing capital projects using long-lasting materials and plants that are easy to maintain.
- Conserving and restoring natural areas to protect biodiversity.
- Reducing carbon emissions by making our fleet and buildings more energy efficient.
- Reducing the impacts of climate change by ensuring our parks can withstand flooding and capture stormwater.
- Engaging New Yorkers in the stewardship and care of their parks.
We hope the features in this section will inspire you to get involved in this important movement. To make New York City the greenest it can be, we need everyone to pitch in. Together, let's prove we're able to be sustainable.


text:
A Speck Is More Than A Fish
Perhaps more than other wildlife, the trout's tenuous survival the Smoky Mountains can be traced back to the effects of man's activities on the environment. Since trout only live in pure, cold water, they are highly sensitive to excessive silt loads, increased water temperatures and lowered oxygen levels. When improperly conducted, practices such as logging, agriculture, residential development and dam and highway construction can effectively destroy many trout-producing habitats. At the same time, a growing number of anglers adds to the pressure on the remaining populations.
The "eastern brook trout" is the only species of the salmon and trout family native to the southern Appalachians. Though called a trout since its discovery by early European settlers, it is actually a char. Biologists believe the brook trout first arrived in the southern Appalachians during the Pleistocene Epoch, which began about 1.8 million years ago and ended about 11,000 years ago. Prior to then, it occurred in the region from New Jersey north to the Hudson Bay. Aided by the cold climate created by advancing and retreating glaciers, the brook trout found a new home in the southern Appalachians.
The brook trout's security in the unspoiled mountain wilderness gradually changed with the influx of European settlers in the 1800s. Records from the 1870s note the presence of healthy populations of eastern brook trout in the upper Chattooga River. Land use practices of the late 19th and early 20th centuries forced the brook trout to retreat to the state's most remote headwaters.
Fortunately, the trout's decline did not pass unnoticed. The rainbow trout from the Western US and the brown trout from Europe were imported. These introductions had both positive and negative implications. On one hand, brown and rainbow trout were arguably able to occupy warmer water temperatures in the degraded habitat, and extend farther downstream of historic brook trout habitat. Therefore, these introductions likely increased available natural trout waters, alerted conservationists to protect the trout's habitat and helped create the vast southern Appalachian trout resource anglers enjoy today. On the other hand, the introduction of non-native trout resulted in the displacement of brook trout from their native range in many cases.
With the help of a supportive public over the years, the trout resource and trout fishing have been preserved. Trout management is defined as any activity having a positive impact on the well being of the trout resource, such as habitat protection and management, population management, regulations, stocking and research. Habitat preservation is the foundation of successful trout management. Every mile of natural stream lost to impoundments, every degree that habitat alteration increases water temperature and every activity that increases the silt load in streams means less habitat and fewer trout. Through public education and outreach, habitat protection and restoration, and population monitoring and management, trout managers are trying to reverse errors of the past.
Approximately fourteen mountain streams are stocked on a regular basis with catchable sized (9-12 inch) trout from March through June and again during October and November. Additional backcountry streams are stocked less frequently (seasonally) to maintain good trout fishing. These streams are typically located in remote settings. Water temperatures in receiving waterbodies and available fish largely influence stocking during July through September. Over 300,000 catchables are distributed under this program annually along with as many as 100,000 fingerlings.


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F. and Guerra-Vásquez, F. (2009) Preliminary report on the distribution of Callicebus oenantheon the eastern feet of the Andes. International Journal of Primatology, 30: 467-480.
- DeLuycker, A.M. (2007) The Ecology and Behavior of the Río Mayo Titi Monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) in the Alto Mayo, Northern Peru. PhD Thesis, Washington University.
- Mark, M.M. (2003) Some observations on Callicebus oenanthe in the Upper Río Mayo Valley, Peru. Neotropical Primates, 11(3): 183-187.
- DeLuycker, A.M. (2012) Insect prey foraging strategies in Callicebus oenanthe in northern Peru. American Journal of Primatology, 74(5): 450-461.
Proyecto Mono Tocón (July, 2012)


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About Dates and Times
Date and time objects allow you to store references to particular instances in time. You can use date and time objects to perform calculations and comparisons that account for the corner cases of date and time calculations.
At a Glance
There are three main classes used for working with dates and times.
NSDateallows you to represent an absolute point in time.
NSCalendarallows you to represent a particular calendar, such as a Gregorian or Hebrew calendar. It provides the interface for most date-based calculations and allows you to convert between
NSDateComponentsallows you to represent the components of a particular date, such as hour, minute, day, year, and so on.
In addition to these classes,
NSTimeZone allows you to represent a geopolitical region's time zone information. It eases the task of working across different time zones and performing calculations that may be affected by daylight savings time transitions.
Creating and Using Date Objects to Represent Absolute Points in Time
Date objects represent dates and times in Cocoa. Date objects allow you to store absolute points in time which are meaningful across locales, calendars and timezones.
Working with Calendars and Date Components
Date components allow you to break a date down into the various parts that comprise it, such as day, month, year, hour, and so on. Calendars represent a particular form of reckoning time, such as the Gregorian calendar or the Chinese calendar. Calendar objects allow you to convert between date objects and date component objects, as well as from one calendar to another.
Performing Date and Time Calculations
Calendars and date components allow you to perform calculations such as the number of days or hours between two dates or finding the Sunday in the current week. You can also add components to a date or check when a date falls.
Working with Different Time Zones
Time zone objects allow you to present absolute times as local—that is, wall clock—time. In addition to time offsets, they also keep track of daylight saving time differences. Proper use of time zone objects can avoid issues such as miscalculation of elapsed time due to daylight saving time transitions or the user moving to a different time zone.
Special Considerations for Historical Dates
Dates in the past have a number of edge cases that do not exist for contemporary dates. These include issues such as dates that do not exist in a particular calendar—such as the lack of the year 0 in the Gregorian calendar— or calendar transitions—such as the Julian to Gregorian transition in the Middle Ages. There are also eras with seemingly backward time flow—such as BC dates in the Gregorian calendar.
How to Use this Document
If your application keeps track of dates and times, read from "Dates" to "Using Time Zones." The
NSTimeZone classes described in these chapters work together to store, compare, and manipulate dates and times.
If your application deals with dates in the past—particularly prior to the early 1900s, also read "Historical Dates" to learn about some of the issues that can arise when dealing with dates in the past.
If you are new to Cocoa, read:
Cocoa Fundamentals Guide, which introduces the basic concepts, terminology, architectures, and design patterns of the Cocoa frameworks and development environment.
If you display dates and times to users or create dates from user input, read:
Data Formatting Guide, which explains how to create and format user-readable strings from date objects, and how to create date objects from formatted strings.
© 2002, 2013 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. (Last updated: 2013-04-23)


Lumen help
Creating an API security key
To create an API security key:
 1. From the main menu, select Portal Admin > CDN API Security Keys.
 Media portal lists the CDN or Vyvx API security keys for your organization.
CDN API Security Keys
 1. From the Access Group list, select the access group you want to create the API security key under.
 1. Click Add a New Key.
API Terms of Use Agreement
 1. Read through the terms of use, then click Accept & Continue.
Create New Key
 1. Fill in the information for the new key:
 1. In the Key Name field, type a name for the key.
 2. From the Role list, select the authorization level for the key.
 3. From the Contact list, select the contact for the key in your organization.
 4. In the Notes field, add any additional information about the key or the details you provided.


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Regarding vertex processors
I have a small question regarding the way in which information is sent to the GPU. For eg: I do the following:
a) set MVP matrices, draw an object(i.e send everything to the shader A)
b) Change MVP matrices, draw another object(i.e send everything to the shader B)
Finally, Do a SwapBuffers()
Now, lets say in (a), the object has 10 vertices and in (b) there are 10 vertices. And also, lets say there are 10 vertex processors. How exactly is the decision of sending vertices to different vertex processors taken? What are generally the ideas beind telling a vertex processor to execute a vertex shader?
Can anyone please provide some links as to where i can read more about it?
Let's not do that. It is hardware specific detail and not something you need to know.
Originally Posted by myk45
PS. it is a safe bet that no relevant hardware even has any such specialization - making your question rather meaningless (ie. what do you mean by "vertex processors" and on what specific hardware).
OpenGL doesn't specify any of this - it will be entirely hardware-dependent, and you can bet that whatever decision - say - NVIDIA make will have a good chance of being completely different to the one AMD make (and vice-versa).


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The witching hour. Just saying it out loud can send shivers down your spine. Waking up in the middle of the night is the last thing you want (seriously, can you even remember the days of pulling all-nighters?), but at 3 a.m., this inconvenience can become downright spooky. If you've ever felt a hint of the paranormal in the middle of the night, you may have experienced the witching hour. Keep reading for a full understanding of the witching hour and what can happen during the dead of night — if you dare.
What Is the Witching Hour?
According to folklore, the witching hour is a specific time of night when paranormal activity is most likely to occur. That's because the veil between the living and the dead becomes thinner during this time. Ghosts and spirits can travel more easily between the two worlds, and the living become more aware of their presence here on Earth. If you wake up during the witching hour, you won't turn into Haley Joel Osment à la "The Sixth Sense" — but you may have a stronger sense of the supernatural.
When Is the Witching Hour?
The exact time of the witching hour depends on who you ask. Today, it's most commonly believed to occur from 3 a.m. to 4 a.m., in the darkest part of the night. This time has roots in religious beliefs, at least somewhat. Christians believe Jesus was crucified at 3 p.m. Since the devil is the inversion of Christ, 3 a.m. became known as the peak time of demonic activity. The number three can also be a mockery of the Holy Trinity, which may have led to the belief that 3 a.m. is the devil's hour.
Of course, the devil and witchcraft have nothing to do with one another. But people believed witches became more powerful at night, particularly at midnight. Others believed witches were active throughout the night, from sunset to sunrise. Over time, the 3 a.m. hour became known as the witching hour, probably because it coincided with other beliefs about supernatural activity.
What Happens During the Witching Hour?
Again, folklore is mixed about what happens during the witching hour. You've probably heard some of the superstitions, such as if you look in the mirror, you may see a ghost in the reflection. Those theories come from the belief that ghosts and spirits can pass more freely between the two worlds during the witching hour. That's also why mediums can communicate more easily with spirits during this time. For the same reason, paranormal investigators often conduct their research during the witching hour since there's a better chance to capture some supernatural activity.
Witching Hour Rituals
Let's be real: Unless you're a thrill-seeker, you probably don't want to wake up in the middle of the night with your heart pounding, scared to go to the bathroom in case you encounter a ghost on the way. But if you constantly wake up only to discover it's 3 a.m. again, here are some rituals you can do to calm down. Let the spirits do their thing, and you can sleep peacefully.
Create a Sleep Ritual
Technically, you do this before falling asleep, but it's still good advice. Create a sleep ritual to set yourself up for a good night's rest, minus the ghosts and demons. Turn down the thermostat or use a fan to cool your room to an ideal sleeping temperature. Set out some of your favorite crystals. Find ways to relax before bedtime, such as lighting a candle or diffusing essential oils. Do this same ritual nightly to prepare your body for sleep.
Wear a Sleep Mask
If you wake up during the witching hour, the problem may be light interfering with your sleep. Use a sleep mask to block the natural light from your windows or other sources. Of course, make sure you keep your bedroom dark. Hang blackout curtains or shades, so car headlights or an early sunrise don't wake you up.
Use a White Noise Machine
Block out the things that go bump in the night with a white noise machine. Sounds such as ocean waves and thunderstorms can help you fall asleep — and stay asleep. You can even download apps to play white noise from your phone.
Listen to a Podcast
The next time you find yourself awake during the witching hour, put on a podcast to calm your nerves and relax into a blissful sleep. Just search for "sleep podcasts," and you'll find tons of options. A podcast can give you something to focus on besides the ghost lurking in the corner. Kidding!
Is the Witching Hour Real?
So, here's the million-dollar question: Is the witching hour real? Like all things associated with the paranormal, it's difficult to prove, but it's certainly not impossible. The idea has become ingrained in modern-day culture, making it a popular reference in everything from horror movies to the scary stories you tell around a campfire. Some people swear they feel the presence of spirits in the middle of the night, while skeptics have doubts. And if you're a parent, the term "witching hour" may have a totally different meaning to you!
We can't tell you whether the witching hour is real or not. Honestly, that's something only you can determine for yourself. But you have to admit that there's a lot we don't know about the paranormal realm. So, the next time you wake up at 3 a.m., just know that the tingly feeling you have may not be a coincidence.
Get the Answers You're Looking For
What do you think about the witching hour? Whether you're a believer or a skeptic, you can benefit from talking it over with an intuitive Psychic Advisor. At PathForward, our Psychics specialize in providing insightful, accurate readings to answer all your questions. You can trust us to tell you the truth, whether you're wondering about the supernatural or seeking advice about how to live your best life. Don't be scared — give us a try today.


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The short films were launched by Union Minister Anurag Singh Thakur
- The Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) has come up with six modules of short films to highlight the importance of budget, saving, importance of Insurance schemes, various social security schemes of the government.
- The modules — of 5 minutes duration each —also portray the consequences of a common man falling prey to the ponzu schemes and how they should protect themselves from such schemes
- Hisaab ki kitab is a series of six short films, developed by CSC eGov as a part of their training tool. These short films will be used by IEPFA and its partnering organisation for Investor Awareness Programs across the country,
- In financial inclusion, a number of steps have been taken by the Government. As a result a large sections of the population have been brought into the formal financial fold. In this context, promoting and deepening financial education would play a "very important part in our endeavour to realise our collective potential,
- Senior representatives of various partnering organisations of IEPF Authority like the Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan, India Post Payment Bank, Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, ICSI and ICAI attended the virtual event.


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Why God Commanded Us to Eat Kosher Food and Avoid Eating Unclean Food?
Unclean animals, as categorized in the Bible, are usually scavengers. Even if they are not scavengers, they are all somehow helpful to nature. They eat garbage, dead animals, toxic wastes, and things considered to be unclean. These make them unsuitable for human consumption. They are very helpful in cleaning the earth from wastes, weak animals (to promote stronger breeds), and toxins.
The reasons why we should not eat them are: First, they are not good for us. God did not create them for human consumption. They are much more tamasic than kosher foods, even kosher meat. Second, by eating them we take the animals that are created to clean/help the earth away from their duty, and accelerate polluting/destroying the earth. It is like firing the garbage collectors and cleaning crew in a city and expecting a clean city. It will not work. The garbage (toxins, pollution, etc.) will pile up in that city, and disease and death will follow. Destroying these animals will have the same effect.
Therefore, even if you do not eat unclean animals because they are not good for you, you should not eat them because they are good for the earth. Those who want an unpolluted earth should realize this and help the process by following a kosher diet. They should also make others aware of these facts and encourage them to follow this advice. Although kosher animals might eat toxic materials and become toxic, they will never become as toxic as unclean animals that eat mostly garbage/toxins.
We should stop polluting the earth as much as we can. We also should give nature a fighting chance to eradicate any pollutions/waste we make. Polluting the earth and taking the animals that clean it out of circulation is an act of double jeopardy. We surely will destroy the earth and ourselves at an accelerated rate if we continue this course!
The clean animals, on the other hand, are made to be eaten. They help very little in cleaning/healing the earth. Even in this regard we should eat meat much less than other food categories (vegetables, grains, etc.) that God has created for us.
When God Commands humans to do something, it is good for them and the universe. However, now (in the age to come), the human should understand the reason behind these Commandments. It is then that they will follow them because they realize it is good (God) for them and their lives. They will then Praise the Praiseworthy (God) for His Wisdom and Creation.
There is always a good (God) reason behind His requests/Commandments.
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Diet and Gout
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 41)
Gout, a disease of the wealthy, disappears in times of need. Although a few gouty patients had to be cared for during the last war, the disease had become exceedingly rare in Germany by 1948. At the end of that year food supply began to become normal again; by 1950 there was a noticeable incidence of new cases of gout. This was not a particular observation in Munich but was general in all Germany. Later we found out that other European Countries who had shared the low supply of food with the Germans had made the same experience.
Polycystic Kidney Disease Acid Excretion Dietary Therapy Formula Diet Conventional Diet
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
 1. 1.
 Zöllner, N. and W. Gröbner: Der unterschiedliche Einfluß von Allopurinol auf die endogene und exogene Uratquote. Europ. J. clin, Pharmacol. 3, 56 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
 2. 2.
 Zöllner, N., A. Griebsch and W. Gröbner: Einfluß verschiedener Purine auf den Harnsäurestoffwechsel. Ernährungs-Umschau 3, 79 (1972).Google Scholar
 3. 3.
 Burian, R. and H. Schur: Über die Stellung der Purinkörper im menschlichen Stoffwechsel. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 80, 24 (1900).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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 Burian, R. and H. Schur: Das quantitative Verhalten der menschlichen Harn-Purin-Ausscheidung. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 94, 273 (1903).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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 Wyngaarden, J. B.: Gout. In Advances in Metabolic Disorders, Vol. 2 (R. Levine and R. Luft edit.), Academic Press, New York — London (1965).Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1974
Authors and Affiliations
 1. 1.Medical PolyclinicUniversity of MunichMunich 2Germany
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The previous post talked about autonegotiation. This time I will talk about cables and pinouts and how auto MDIX works. Although I'm not very old I still like to do it the old school way. I don't rely on auto MDIX, instead I use the right cable. Lets look at a pinout for T568B:
A regular end device like a PC transmits on pin one and two and receives on pin three and six. Although we have four pairs only two are actually used, unless we are using gigabit Ethernet but that is another topic. A device like a switch does the opposite, it receives on pin one and two and sends on three and six. This is why we use a straight through cable. When connecting similar devices like a switch to a switch we need to use a cross over cable since they want to send on the same pins and receive on the same. So when choosing a cable remember that similar devices requires cross over and different devices needs a straight through.
An engineer at HP developed the auto MDIX standard since he was tired of looking for cross over cables. But how does it work?
The NIC expects to receive Fast Link Pulses (FLP) on pins three and six. If it receives FLPs it will know that the configuration is correct. If it doesn't receive FLP's it will switch over to MDI-X mode. This is a very simplified view of it, the process involves different timers and a XOR algorithm. If you want to know more check out the IEEE 802.3 specification section 3, clause 40.4.4.


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Improving Local Air Quality
Local air quality is a significant issue for people living in urban areas. It is often a limiting factor in any new development, including the growth of airports.
Air quality is affected by a number of source emissions, but the main issues are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and small particles in the air called Particulate Matter (PM).
We focus our efforts to improve the local air quality around the following areas:
The 'Assumed Temperature' technique involves using the minimum thrust permitted for take-off, allowing us to minimise the amount of NOx emissions from our aircraft.
We can reduce NOx emissions by reducing the aircraft flap angle (angle of wing extension deployment) and therefore the thrust levels on approach, and by using only "reverse idle" (or minimum) thrust as the aircraft lands on the runway.
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and the Ground Power Unit (GPU) power the aircraft on the ground and can contribute up to 20% of all ground level NOx emissions. Our home at London Heathrow Terminal 5 is able to supply both electrical power and conditioned air, which enables us to reduce the amount of time APUs and GPUs are required to be used.
From 2013 we will be replacing many of our Boeing 747-400 and 767-300 aircraft with Airbus 380s and Boeing 787s. The A380 emits about 10% less NOx per aircraft than the Boeing 747-400, whilst the Boeing 787's NOx emissions are about 45% less per aircraft than the Boeing 767.
New Technology and Equipment
Not only do we work closely with manufacturers to ensure the latest 'clean' technology is used when designing new aircraft and engines, but we have also improved the engine combustion efficiency on existing long-haul aircraft to reduce our NOx emissions.
Investing in cleaner ground vehicles
As part of our move to London Heathrow Terminal 5 we invested £25m in more than 550 newer, more efficient airport vehicles for ground staff and operations.
We are also members of the Heathrow Clean Vehicles Programme, the aim of which is to reduce overall emissions from our ground fleet.