Efficient Compressive Phase Retrieval with Constrained Sensing Vectors
Bibtex »Metadata »Paper »Reviews »
Sohail Bahmani, Justin Romberg
We propose a robust and efficient approach to the problem of compressive phase retrieval in which the goal is to reconstruct a sparse vector from the magnitude of a number of its linear measurements. The proposed framework relies on constrained sensing vectors and a two-stage reconstruction method that consists of two standard convex programs that are solved sequentially.In recent years, various methods are proposed for compressive phase retrieval, but they have suboptimal sample complexity or lack robustness guarantees. The main obstacle has been that there is no straightforward convex relaxations for the type of structure in the target. Given a set of underdetermined measurements, there is a standard framework for recovering a sparse matrix, and a standard framework for recovering a low-rank matrix. However, a general, efficient method for recovering a jointly sparse and low-rank matrix has remained elusive.Deviating from the models with generic measurements, in this paper we show that if the sensing vectors are chosen at random from an incoherent subspace, then the low-rank and sparse structures of the target signal can be effectively decoupled. We show that a recovery algorithm that consists of a low-rank recovery stage followed by a sparse recovery stage will produce an accurate estimate of the target when the number of measurements is $\mathsf{O}(k\,\log\frac{d}{k})$, where $k$ and $d$ denote the sparsity level and the dimension of the input signal. We also evaluate the algorithm through numerical simulation.


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Scientists Reveal Mechanism of Electron Charge Exchange in Molecules
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a new scanning transmission electron microscopy method that enables visualization of the electric charge density of materials at sub-angstrom resolution.
In the above image, Christopher Addiego (left), a UCI graduate student in physics & astronomy; Xiaoqing Pan (seated in center), UCI's Henry Samueli Endowed Chair in Engineering and a professor of both materials science & engineering and physics & astronomy; and Wenpei Gao (standing), a UCI postdoctoral researcher in materials science & engineering, were able to visualize the electric charge density of materials at sub-angstrom resolution using a new scanning transmission electron microscopy technique. (image credit: Steve Zylius / UCI)
With this technique, the UCI scientists were able to observe electron distribution between atoms and molecules and uncover clues to the origins of ferroelectricity, the capacity of certain crystals to possess spontaneous electric polarization that can be switched by the application of an electric field. The research, which is highlighted in a study published in Nature, also revealed the mechanism of charge transfer between two materials.
"This method is an advancement in electron microscopy – from detecting atoms to imaging electrons – that could help us engineer new materials with desired properties and functionalities for devices used in data storage, energy conversion and quantum computing," said team leader Xiaoqing Pan, UCI's Henry Samueli Endowed Chair in Engineering and a professor of both materials science & engineering and physics & astronomy.
Employing a new aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope with a fine electron probe measuring half an angstrom and a fast direct electron detection camera, his group was able to acquire a 2D raster image of diffraction patterns from a region of interest in the sample. As obtained, the data sets are 4D, since they consist of 2D diffraction patterns from each probe location in a 2D scanning area.
"With our new microscope, we can routinely form an electron probe as small as 0.6 angstrom, and our high-speed camera with angular resolution can acquire 4D STEM images with 512 x 512 pixels at greater than 300 frames per second," Pan said. "Using this technique, we can see the electron charge distribution between atoms in two different perovskite oxides, non-polar strontium titanate and ferroelectric bismuth ferrite."
Electron charge density in bulk materials can be measured by X-ray or electron diffraction techniques by assuming a perfectly defect-free structure within the beam-illuminated area. But, Pan said, there remains a challenge in resolving electron charge density in nanostructured materials consisting of interfaces and defects.
"In principle, local electric field and charge density can be determined by electron diffraction imaging using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope with a sub-angstrom electron probe," he said. "While penetrating through a specimen, the electron beam interacts with the internal electric field of material in its pathway, resulting in a change in its momentum reflected in the diffraction pattern. By measuring this change, the electric field in a local region of the specimen can be delineated, and the charge density can be derived."
Pan added that although this principle has been demonstrated in simulations, no experiment has been successful until now.
"The electron charge density maps obtained using the 4D STEM method match with theoretical results from the first-principle calculations," said lead author Wenpei Gao, a UCI postdoctoral researcher in materials science & engineering. "The study of the ferroelectric/insulator interface between bismuth ferrite and strontium titanate using this technique directly shows how features of the bismuth compound's polar atomic structure leak across the interface, appearing in the normally non-polar strontium titanate. As a result, the interface hosts excess electrons confined to a small region less than 1 nanometer thick."
Pan said that this project gives materials scientists and engineers new tools for evaluating structures, defects and interfaces in functional materials and nanodevices. He noted that it may soon be possible to conduct high-throughput mapping of the charge density of materials and molecules to add to the database of properties aiding in the Materials Genome Initiative.
"As electron microscopy advances from imaging atoms to probing electrons, it will lead to new understanding and discovery in materials research," said co-author Ruqian Wu, UCI professor of physics & astronomy, who led the study's theoretical work. "The ability to image the charge density distribution around atoms near interfaces, grain boundaries or other planar defects opens new fields for electron microscopy and materials science."
Pan and his team at UCI were joined by collaborators at Cornell University and China's Nanjing University. The project was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences' materials sciences and engineering division, under grant DE-SC0014430.
The experiments in the study were carried out using the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy facilities in the Irvine Materials Research Institute, of which Pan is the inaugural director. IMRI is a cross-disciplinary organization under UCI's Office of Research that offers world-class materials characterization facilities to researchers engaged in the discovery, development and commercialization of all types of materials.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


We went to one of the pukara more careless of the North of Chile. It's Turi, a small town of the Atacama culture dating from 1250.
Lost in Andean Atacama. Completely disoriented the road led us to Turi, a village of stone in the middle of a million colors natural pastures and wetlands. We even perceive the presence of some flamingos feeding in the waters.
Turi is located in the Alto of the Loa, región de Antofagasta, a 3,000 meters above sea level and you can visit the fortress Pukará de Turi which is a residential and ceremonial of the Atacama culture, dating from the year 1250.
It is a national monument, but is helpless and there are people who come to the site to remove stones and some items that can still be found. We are talking about the biggest strength of the Atacama culture! 650 buildings, straight streets and houses built of volcanic stone. Festivals and religious ceremonies until the arrival of the Spaniards were performed. Various theories explain the atacameños tore off to hide in the mountains and this village was completely abandoned.


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1. Mailbox access
- Calling from your own extension*123 + PIN. (or envelope key on handset)*
- Calling from another user's extension *124+ extension number + PIN.
- To leave a message in someone else's mailbox *125extension.
- To listen to your own voicemail greeting *125your-extension.
Users can update their PIN on first access to mailbox settings '0' or on user web admin panel. (see later section)
- Most users have voicemail forwarded to email with message attachment. Opening the email does not extinguish the message wait light.
*Note: These instructions relate to user personal mailboxes and departmental mailboxes. See later section for further and shared departmental mailboxes, with the exception that dialing *123 or the envelope key on the handset only applies to Personal Mailboxes.
2. Controls within your mailbox
During playback you can repeat or to skip forward and back between messages:
'4' Skip back to previous message.
'5' Repeat message.
'6' Skip forward to next message.
'7' Delete message.
'8' Forward message to another user (who must have a mailbox).
'9' Save message (to folder - select folder - messages otherwise saved to old folder).
'0' Mailbox settings (see separate section).
3. Replaying and storing old messages
- If there are no new messages, the system will prompt you to press 1 for old messages.
- If new messages are present and you wish to skip them, at the prompt select '2' "to change folders" then select '1' for old messages - this is the default message archive.
4. Voicemail customisation. '0' Mailbox options
To customise your mailbox greeting or change PIN etc:
- Menu option '0' when first accessing the mailbox.
- You can then choose to record greetings as follows:
'1' Unavailable message.
'2' Busy message. (if not present, unavailable will play to all)
'3' Your name
'4' Temporary greeting – If you are away for an extended period of time a temporary greeting can be created, without overwriting the normal greeting.
Note: When recording a greeting, please remember to press '#' to finish recording and then '1' to save.
5. Option 4 - Setting a temporary greeting
Access the greetings menu 0>> 4 (temporary greeting) Record greeting and follow prompts to apply temporary greeting. End call. Each time you login to the mailbox it will remind you a temporary message is playing.
6. Remove Temporary Greeting
Access the greetings menu 0>>4 (temporary greeting) listen to the prompts and (3) will allow you to delete the temporary message, thus re-introducing the normal greeting.
Note: The prompts only play correctly if you logout and log back in again after each sequence.
7. Departmental Mailboxes
Departmental mailboxes are identical to user mailboxes but are numbered from a different range. To retrieve messages dial *124 - wait for prompt enter mailbox number and PIN. To set a speed dial entry for these mailboxes use *125xxxx, and when dialling, press * at the prompt and enter pin.
8. Personal Web portal to voicemail and phone settings
Your phone account includes a personal web page that provides access to phone settings, voicemail settings, new and saved voicemails. Messages can be downloaded and played managed and deleted. Note messages can be saved in folders.
Enter email address and password. (password is that used for CallSwitch Communicator.)
9. CallSwitch Communicator & User Web Page
Voicemail can be retrieved from within Communicator/Director, flashing envelope icon (Red highlight). The user can access their Online SelfCare options (blue highlight) to set forwarding etc. See also User web page.
10. User Web Page/ Callswitch Communicator selfcare
Login: The email address registered against your extension
Password: Communicator password
Download the Voicemail Memory Aid' PDF and keep it in your files for future reference.


German Lessons
Get Off On the Right Foot
English has quite a few idioms using the word "foot," and the German language also "puts its best foot forward" in this regard!
Some German foot expressions are very similar to English:
Ich nehm' mein Herz und leg's dir zu Füßen.
I'll take my heart and lay it at your feet.
Caption 3, Deutsche Musik - Chris und Croissant
 Play Caption
Sometimes, a German expression is close to English, but with a spin of its own:
Er war von Kopf bis Fuß grün angezogen.
He was dressed in green from head to foot [idiom: completely].
Caption 23, Märchen - Sagenhaft - Ein Topf voll Gold
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The above expression is very similar, of course, to the English "from head to toe." Most German idiomatic expressions with the word Fuß are quite different, however:
Und die Besucher müssen wirklich gut zu Fuß sein.
And the visitors must be really good to foot [idiom: agile].
Captions 18-19, Internationale Automobilausstellung - IAA in Frankfurt öffnet die Pforten
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The English foot idiom that comes closest is "light on their feet." At Yabla, we translate idioms literally (word for word), and then add a dictionary-style definition for clarity.
Be careful you don't "put your foot in it" though, as some expressions sound similar to English, but have a completely different meaning:
Was Henne gesagt hat, hat ja eigentlich auch Hand und Fuß.
But I think what Henne has said also actually has a hand and a foot [idiom: makes sense].
Caption 48, Luxuslärm - Interview
 Play Caption
If you recall the English saying "to wait on someone hand and foot," you might falsely interpret the German to mean that Henne was being servile, when in fact she was making sense!
Further Learning
Learn some more expressions about other parts of the body here, and go to Yabla German and see how the word Fuß is used in different contexts.
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1947 Assignment illustrations and clipart. Affordable Downloads for just with thousands of images added daily. Blank paper desk spiral Blank paper.
Finally, underneath the illustration, or on another piece of paper, write or type one complete, detailed paragraph (5-7 sentences) explaining why this setting is.
Unit 4 Externally Set Assignment. To be issued to For this paper you must have: There is no size restriction on work produced for this paper. Advice illustrations by Arthur Radebaugh or John Berkey or work by design groups such as.


text: Dwarf mongooses in the Taru desert region of Kenya form foraging communities with a variety of endemic bird species, especially hornbills. The prey spectra of the mongooses and hornbills overlap almost completely. For the other bird species forming the foraging community only partial overlap exists. The association between the birds and mongooses is actively sought by both parties. The birds wait in tress around the termite mound where the monogooses are sleeping for them to emerge and the mongooses delay their foraging departure if no birds are present. There is a positive relationship between the number of mongooses in the group and the number of birds accompanying them. A true mutualism only exists between the mongooses and the two hornbill species Tockus deckeni and T. flavirostris since their presence or arrival affects the subsequent start of foraging. These two hornbill species have also been observed to influence the start of foraging actively by means of two behaviour patterns termed 'chivvying' and 'waking'. Both the mongooses and birds are exposed to a high predator pressure from raptors with an overlap in the birds of prey predating the various species. This predator pressure is counteracted behaviourally by the mongooses by means of an altruistic behaviour pattern, 'guarding'. Both mongooses and birds warn vocally and flee when a raptor is sighted. The mongooses modify their guarding behaviour to compensate for the warning behaviour of the birds in two ways: (a) fewer mongooses guard when large numbers of birds are present and vice versa, (b) the frequency of the mongooses' intraspecific warning calls is significantly reduced in cases where birds are present in comparison with those where they are absent. The birds also sight and respond to the raptor first on significantly more occasions than the mongooses. In addition, the birds also warn for raptor species which do not predate them but which are mongoose predators, not, however, for raptors which are not mongoose predators. This mutualistic association with its high degree of compensatory behaviour by both parties appears to be unique for free-living vertebrates and has its closest parallel in the trophobiosis described for ants and aphids.


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Peter Clark and John Thompson
A system that seeks to build a semantically coherent representation from multiple texts requires (at least) three things: a representation language that is sufficiently expressive to capture the information conveyed by the text; a natural language engine that can interpret text and generate semantic representations in that language with reasonable reliability; and a knowledge integration capability that can integrate information from different texts and from background knowledge into a coherent whole. In this paper we present a case study of these requirements for interpreting four different paragraphs of text (from different sources), each describing how a two-stroke combustion engine behaves. We identify the challenges involved in meeting these requirements and how they might be addressed. One key feature that emerges is the need for extensive background knowledge to guide the interpretation, disambiguate, and fill in gaps. The resulting contribution of this paper is a deeper understanding of the overall machine reading task.


View Full Version : Query about Selection example in the Redbook
08-22-2003, 06:24 AM
Dear All,
U can access the Redbook Chapter 12 (Selection) online at: _URL_
The selection example 12-2 has following code:
glPushMatrix ();
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity ();
glOrtho (0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 10.0);
glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity ();
//code for drawing objects
glPopMatrix ();
glFlush ();
My question is: If both GL_PROJECTION and GL_MODELVIEW are loaded with identity matrix
why the code is inside a glPush and glPop Matrix pair
Hope this question is understandable,
- Chetan
08-22-2003, 08:38 AM
As I can see from the code PushMatrix and PopMatrix contains modelview matrix. MatrixMode(PROJECTION) is called after PushMatrix so that means that the last was MODELVIEW. Doesn't matter both of matrices are cleared. The modelview matrix is staying the same after PopMatrix when it was before PushMatrix.


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Traits modify aspects of gameplay, granting a benefit in one area at the cost of hampering another. With the exception of Wild Wasteland, which has a less direct effect on gameplay, each trait modifies (and hampers) the Courier's statistics in some way; this can include Primary statistics, Derived statistics, or SPECIAL points and skills. During character creation the Courier may choose a maximum of two (with a minimum of none at all). The add-onOld World Blues makes it possible for them to re-pick the Courier's assigned traits.
Though Fast Shot and Trigger Discipline will at first appear to cancel each other out, the way the system calculates the statistics (as a multiplier effect with the base compounded as it is affected) means that both accuracy and fire speed decrease by 4% should both be selected (0.8*1.2=.96).
The Four Eyes trait is somewhat misleading in its description. The benefit it conveys is a status effect, similar to the bonus that would be granted by wearing a hat. The drawback, however, is directly subtracted from your base Perception, meaning a character with a Perception of 2 would have that value permanently reduced to 1 upon taking the trait. This can prevent the player from taking perks such as Sniper or Better Criticals, since Perks only take base stats into account when checking if the player meets the requirements. Having a Perception of one will not allow you to pick this trait.
Picking the Wild Wasteland trait allows you to obtain the alien blaster, but it comes at the cost of being unable to obtain the unique Gauss rifleYCS/186. The alien blaster is more powerful, but has limited ammunition, making the YCS/186 a better long-term weapon. This and the difference between finding the Holy Frag Grenades versus two mini nukes in Camp Searchlight are some of the most significant differences from taking the trait. Others are encountering Stripe in the Old World Blues addon, or the availability of looting some corpses.
If the player selects the Skilled trait at the beginning of the game and decides to rebuild the character before venturing further into the Mojave Wasteland, selecting the Skilled trait again will cause its effect to stack. This leads to a gain of +10 points for every skill. The experience penalty does NOT stack. (Confirmed on all platforms)
As found within the game files, a medical history paper was to be filled in by the player from a texture of the actual paper; rather than a conventional menu. The paper alludes to more choices of traits than available within the final game. The history paper also has nothing about the Wild Wasteland trait in it.


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Plan your adoption of In-Memory OLTP Features in SQL Server
This article describes the ways in which the adoption of In-Memory features affects other aspects of your business system.
A. Adoption of In-Memory OLTP features
The following subsections discuss factors you must consider when you plan to adopt and implement In-Memory features. A lot of explanatory information is available at:
One prerequisite for using the In-Memory features can involve the edition or service tier of the SQL product. For this and other prerequisites, see:
- Requirements for Using Memory-Optimized Tables
A.2 Forecast the amount of active memory
Does your system have enough active memory to support a new memory-optimized table?
Microsoft SQL Server
A memory-optimized table which contains 200 GB of data requires more than 200 GB of active memory be dedicated to its support. Before you implement a memory-optimized table containing a large amount of data, you must forecast the amount of additional active memory you might need to add to your server computer. For estimation guidance, see:
Azure SQL Database
For a database hosted in the Azure SQL Database cloud service, your chosen service tier affects the amount of active memory your database is allowed to consume. You should plan to monitor the memory usage of your database by using an alert. For details, see:
Memory-optimized table variables
A table variable which is declared to be memory-optimzed is sometimes a preferable to a traditional _TAG_ that resides in the tempdb database. Such table variables can provide significant performance gains without using significant amounts of active memory.
A.3 Table must be offline to convert to memory-optimized
Some ALTER TABLE functionality is available for memory-optimized tables. But you cannot issue an ALTER TABLE statement to convert a disk-based table into a memory-optimized table. Instead you must use a more manual set of steps. What follows are various ways you can convert your disk-based table to be memory-optimized.
One way to convert your disk-based table to a memory-optimized table is to code the necessary Transact-SQL steps yourself.
Suspend application activity.
Take a full backup.
Rename your disk-based table.
Issue a CREATE TABLE statement to create your new memory-optimized table.
INSERT INTO your memory-optimized table with a sub-SELECT from the disk-based table.
DROP your disk-based table.
Take another full backup.
Resume application activity.
Memory Optimization Advisor
The Memory Optimization Advisor tool can generate a script to help implement the conversion of a disk-based table to a memory-optimized table. The tool is installed as part of SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT).
You can update your database in-place by using a.dacpac file, managed by SSDT. In SSDT you can specify changes to the schema that is encoded in the.dacpac file.
You work with.dacpac files in the context of a Visual Studio project of type Database.
- Data-tier Applications and.dacpac files
A.4 Guidance for whether In-Memory OLTP features are right for your application
For guidance on whether In-Memory OLTP features can improve the performance of your particular application, see:
B. Unsupported features
Features which are not supported in certain In-Memory OLTP scenarios are described at:
The following subsections highlight some of the more important unsupported features.
B.1 SNAPSHOT of a database
After the first time that any memory-optimized table or module is created in a given database, no SNAPSHOT of the database can ever be taken. The specific reason is that:
- The first memory-optimized item makes it impossible to ever drop the last file from the memory-optimized FILEGROUP; and
- No database that has a file in a memory-optimized FILEGROUP can support a SNAPSHOT.
Normally a SNAPSHOT can be handy for quick testing iterations.
B.2 Cross-database queries
Memory-optimized tables do not support cross-database transactions. You cannot access another database from the same transaction or the same query that also accesses a memory-optimized table.
Table variables are not transactional. Therefore, memory-optimized table variables can be used in cross-database queries.
B.3 READPAST table hint
No query can apply the READPAST table hint to any memory-optimized table.
The READPAST hint is helpful in scenarios where several sessions are each accessing and modifying the same small set of rows, such as in processing a queue.
B.4 RowVersion, Sequence
No column can be tagged for RowVersion on a memory-optimized table.
A SEQUENCE cannot be used with a constraint in a memory-optimized table. For example, you cannot create a DEFAULT constraint with a NEXT VALUE FOR clause. SEQUENCEs can be used with INSERT and UPDATE statements.
C. Administrative maintenance
This section describes differences in database administration where memory-optimized tables are used.
C.1 Identity seed reset, increment > 1
DBCC CHECKIDENT, to reseed an IDENTITY column, cannot be used on a memory-optimized table.
The increment value is restricted to exactly 1 for an IDENTITY column on a memory-optimized table.
C.2 DBCC CHECKDB cannot validate memory-optimized tables
The DBCC CHECKDB command does nothing when its target is a memory-optimized table. The following steps are a work-around:
Back up the files in the memory-optimized FILEGROUP to a null device. The backup process invokes a checksum validation.
If corruption is found, proceed with the next steps.
Copy data from your memory-optimized tables into disk-based tables, for temporary storage.
Restore the files of the memory-optimized FILEGROUP.
INSERT INTO the memory-optimized tables the data you temporarily stored in the disk-based tables.
DROP the disk-based tables which temporarily held the data.
This section describes situations where the excellent performance of memory-optimized tables can be held below full potential.
D.1 Index considerations
All indexes on a memory-optimized table are created and managed by the table-related statements CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE. You cannot target a memory-optimized table with a CREATE INDEX statement.
The traditional b-tree nonclustered index is often the sensible and simple choice when you first implement a memory-optimized table. Later, after you see how your application performs, you can consider swapping another index type.
Two special types of indexes need discussion in the context of a memory-optimized table: Hash indexes, and Columnstore indexes.
For an overview of indexes on memory-optimized tables, see:
Hash indexes can be the fastest format for accessing one specific row by its exact primary key value by using the '=' operator.
Inexact operators such as '!=', '>', or 'BETWEEN' would harm performance if used with a hash index.
A hash index might not be the best choice if the rate of key value duplication becomes too high.
Guard against underestimating how many buckets your hash index might need, to avoid long chains within individual buckets. For details, see:
Nonclustered columnstore indexes
Memory-optimized tables deliver high throughput of typical business transactional data, in the paradigm we call online transaction processing or OLTP. Columnstore indexes deliver high throughput of aggregations and similar processing we call Analytics. In years past the best approach available for satisfying the needs of both OLTP and Analytics was to have separate tables with heavy movement of data, and with some degree of data duplication. Today a simpler hybrid solution is available: have a columnstore index on a memory-optimized table.
A columnstore index can be built on a disk-based table, even as the clustered index. But on a memory-optimized table a columnstore index cannot be clustered.
LOB or off-row columns for a memory-optimized table prevent the creation of a columnstore index on the table.
No ALTER TABLE statement can be executed against a memory-optimized table while a columnstore index exists on the table.
- As of August 2016, Microsoft has near-term plans to improve the performance of re-creating the columnstore index.
D.2 LOB and off-row columns
Large objects (LOBs) are columns of such types as varchar(max). Having a couple of LOB columns on a memory-optimized table probably does not harm performance enough to matter. But do avoid having more LOB columns than your data needs. The same advice applies to off-row columns. Do not define a column as nvarchar(3072) if varchar(512) will suffice.
A bit more about LOB and off-row columns is available at:
E. Limitations of native procs
Particular elements of Transact-SQL are not supported in natively compiled T-SQL modules, including stored procedures. For details about which features are supported, see:
For considerations when migrating a Transact-SQL modules that uses unsupported features to natively compiled, see:
Besides limitations on certain elements of Transact-SQL, there are also limitation on query operators supported in natively compiled T-SQL modules. Because of these limitations, natively compiled stored procedures are not suitable for analytical queries that process large data sets.
No parallel processing in a native proc
Parallel processing cannot be a part of any query plan for a native proc. Native procs are always single-threaded.
Neither a hash join nor a merge join can be a part of any query plan for a native proc. Nested loop joins are used.
No hash aggregation
When the query plan for a native proc requires an aggregation phase, only stream aggregation is available. Hash aggregation is not supported in a query plan for a native proc.
- Hash aggregation is better when data from a large number of rows must aggregated.
F. Application design: Transactions and retry logic
A transaction involving a memory-optimized table can become dependent on another transaction which involves the same table. If the count of dependent transactions reaches exceeds the allowed maximum, all the dependent transactions fail


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A Q&A with John Carty, anthropologist and co-curator of our new exhibition, Yiwarra Kuju: The Canning Stock Route.
John is currently Research Associate at the Research School of Humanities and the Arts, Australian National University. He was kind enough to talk to us about Yiwarra Kuju, providing us with some fascinating insights into an already fascinating exhibition.
Q: What is this exhibition about?
John: At first glance, you'd assume the exhibition is about the Canning Stock Route, an 1800 kilometre droving track that ran through the heart of Western Australia and was created to provide another avenue for bringing cattle from the north to the south of the state.
But the stock route, the way it was made, and its impact on desert waters and people, has had a complicated legacy for desert people to this day.
As surveyor, Canning's job was to find water at regular intervals – a days walk apart – to bore wells for the cattle to drink from. To do this, he needed Aboriginal guides. Some were willing helpers, but several of these guides were used against their will.
The manner in which the water was located and secured for white colonial commerce cast a shadow longer and wider than the route itself. It is one that people express in their art today. While none of the artists in this exhibition were alive in 1906 when Canning first went through, most of them grew up in the desert watching these strange white men and their cattle passing through their Country.
Yiwarra Kuju tries to show that Aboriginal beliefs and values are not as mysterious or far removed from the average punter as they are often portrayed. We want to move people beyond the notion that Aboriginal Country is just landscape. And to give them an intimate understanding of Country – of the waterholes that people paint, as 'home', as a part of themselves.
Yiwarra Kuju means 'one road' in the Martu language. We've used 'one road' to bind the art, people and story of the Western Desert together. We use the Canning Stock Route as the meeting point, as the cross-cultural scaffolding on which to develop an understanding of Aboriginal Country, and the shared history that happened within it.
Q: What can visitors expect when they enter?
John: A visually stunning, and technologically pioneering exhibition. It is not what you would expect of a fine art show, and it's probably not what people would expect of a museum show either.
We make paintings the visual stars, but not at the expense of story. The two go together, they need each other. If anything, it is a museum show wrapped in a fine art show. And it is driven at every point by the voices of the Aboriginal artists and professionals involved in the project.
Q: What do you hope visitors take away from the exhibition?
John: Visitors, regardless of their levels of understanding of Australian History, Aboriginal art or Aboriginal Culture, can expect to be surprised, entertained by the playful and interactive qualities of the show, but also, we hope, a little challenged.
It's a great entry point for tourists, or people visiting Australia, as it provides an introduction to Aboriginal Culture, Aboriginal Art and Australian History all in one.
It's also wonderful show for kids, and families, because we've created some pioneering technology (basically a 10 meter long IPAD touch-screen which allows kids to explore their interests, or just play, in their own way), which captivates younger audiences in ways that basic social histories rarely do.
It's an exhibition for people who think they know nothing about Aboriginal art. Unlike so many exhibitions in fine art galleries, it invites you in and gives you a range of different ways of learning how to see and read these paintings.
That said, it is also an exhibition for people who think they know a lot about Aboriginal art, and particularly desert art. Yiwarra Kuju, because we took the importance of Country so seriously in curating the show, challenges a lot of the tired platitudes and preconceptions that govern the display of Aboriginal art at the moment.
Q: What are some of the highlights in your opinion?
John: Obviously the touch screen technology I mentioned before is a huge highlight of the exhibition, but my personal highlight is probably Patrick Tjungurrayi's big pink painting, Canning Stock Route Country.
It might not be the best painting in the show, everyone has their tastes, but for me it is without doubt the most interesting work of art. During the research for the Canning Stock Route project, Patrick accompanied this painting, as he was painting it, with a series of oral histories that illuminate his Country and artistry in revelatory ways.
The top line of white squares is actually the Canning Stock Route, the bottom line is the Dreaming. As he unfolded this line out into the painting, he also unpacked his memory as we were driving through the desert rolling and unrolling it each day and painting it at different sites along the Canning Stock Route during the project.
Most people don't paint these great dreaming narratives over vast distances. Most people don't document multiple historical events in one painting and most people don't feel authorised to paint this much. However, everyone paints combinations of this kind of content when they paint their Country, because the dreaming is inseparable from the land, from family, from history and the currents of your own life.
Q: How did this exhibition come to be?
John: It began with a series of workshops run through the FORM Canning Stock Route project, the principal expression of which was the enormous Return to Country trip we undertook in 2007.
On this trip we sought to invert the processes of history by bringing all the artists and storytellers who had left that Country back to the Canning Stock Route to tell their stories. We travelled along the Route for a month or so, visiting sites, and recording Aboriginal oral histories of that Country. And at various places we would stop for a few days and the artists for that Country would paint.
As this process unfolded, we realised that people were painting far more than just a history of the stock route from an Aboriginal perspective, they were offering a radically different perspective on history itself.
So when we translated and transcribed all the stories, and connected them to the paintings that had been produced, it was clear we weren't telling an Aboriginal history of the stock route, but a bigger story about the Country, about family and Dreaming and the world the stock route cut across.
I think it was around late 2008 when the National Museum of Australia decided that the collection might need a bigger audience too. Through the vision of people like Mike Pickering, they acquired it. But we still had to find a way to structure the story, to anchor all that complexity into an experience that audiences could relate to. We spent a couple of years working through this curatorial problem with our cross-cultural team.
The logic of the show will change slightly in different venues, but the main objective was to create an experience so that when you're inside the exhibition, you are walking around inside the country. You start in the southern end of the stock route, and wend your way north up the Kimberley, passing through people's country and the history that unfolded there. History happens where it happens.
Q: You have worked extensively throughout the Western Desert and Kimberleys – what drew you to this area?
John: I was drawn to work in the desert initially by the same kinds feelings that underscore this exhibition. There was a story out there, a story in which I was implicated just by being Australian, a story that I knew nothing about.
It's ridiculous; I somehow managed to get a degree in Anthropology without knowing anything about the people of my home Country. I wanted to know more, I wanted to find a way in to understanding the people of this country, their story of Australia, but I guess like many people I didn't know where to begin.
I think its a really common feeling – particularly among older generations who never had access to Aboriginal history in school. Art was my window, my way in.
So I set out to write my PhD on the Balgo artists, many of whom are represented in the Yiwarra Kuju exhibition. I spent three years living in Balgo learning about what it is that people paint, but more importantly learning about the people who are doing the painting.
That work in Balgo, and my familiarity with desert artists and languages, lead to my involvement in the FORM Canning Stock Route project. Tim Acker and Carly Davenport were developing the project in 2006, and asked me if I'd come along the stock route for a month or so to record the artists stories and make cups of tea.
A few weeks ago I was in Perth for the opening there, where all the CHOGM delegates got to see the show, and I was still fetching cups of tea. Nothing much has changed, except that now, there's an exhibition travelling around the Country that tells an important story, an exhibition I can take my kids to and know that they won't grow up ignorant in the same way I did.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)
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Vizhnitz is the name of a Hasidic dynasty founded by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Hager. Vizhnitz is the Yiddish name of Vyzhnytsia, a village in present-day Ukraine.
Followers of the rebbes of Vizhnitz are called Vizhnitzer Hasidim.
History of dynastic leadership[edit]
Menachem Mendel Hager[edit]
Menachem Mendel Hager was born on May 17, 1830 in Kosiv. He was the son of Rabbi Chaim Hager of Kosiv and the son-in-law of Rabbi Israel Friedman of Ruzhyn. He was appointed Rebbe at the age of 24, and soon after he moved to Vyzhnytsia, a small town close to Kosiv. As his reputation grew, so did his followers. He became known and admired for his charitable acts, sincerity in prayer and love for Eretz Yisrael. In his older years he endeavored to emigrate there. He had two sons, Reb Boruch and another, Reb Yaakov Dovid, who died during his lifetime. His son-in-law was the son of Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach of Belz, Reb Shmuel of Sokal. His Torah thoughts were published under the title Tzemach Tzaddik. He died on October 18, 1884 and was buried in Vyzhnytsia. His son Reb Boruch took his place becoming the second Rebbe of Vizhnitz.
Boruch Hager[edit]
Boruch Hager was born in 1845 and was named after Rabbi Boruch of Medzhybizh at the behest of his grandfather, Yisroel Friedman of Ruzhyn. In 1885, aged 40 he inherited the mantle of leadership from his father, Menachem Mendel Hager, and became rebbe to thousands of Hasidim. He led them for only eight years until his death in 1892. His Torah thoughts were collected in Imrei Boruch by his son-in-law. Eight of his sons became rebbes in different locals: His eldest, Reb Yisroel, succeeded him in Vyzhnytsia; Reb Chaim became rebbe in Ottynia; Reb Moshe in Suceava; Reb Shmuel Avrohom Abba in Horodenka; Reb Yaakov Yitzchok Dovid in Storozhynets; Reb Pinchos in Borsha; Reb Feivish in Zelishtshik; Reb Yechiel Michel succeeded his brother in Horodenka. Another son, Reb Sholom, died in his youth. His sons-in-law were Reb Shmuel Dov Chodorov of Petriva; Reb Mordechai Chodorov of Kolomea, who published Imrey Boruch; Reb Sholom Yosef Friedman of Sadigur-Chernovitz.
Yisroel Hager[edit]
Yisroel Hager was born on August 20, 1860. He was the first-born son of Rabbi Boruch Hager. He married the daughter of Rabbi Meir Horowitz of Dzhikov. In 1875 he moved to his father-in-law's house and studied at great length with his brother-in-law Rabbi Yehoshua of Dzikov. Three years later he returned to Vyzhnytsia and became very close to his grandfather, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Hager. In 1893 he was appointed as rebbe in Vyzhnytsia. The young rebbe invigorated the dynasty and attracted many more followers from the surrounding provinces. He established many Talmud Torahs, and also a yeshiva, to which he appointed his son Rabbi Menachem Mendel as rosh yeshiva. When the World War I broke out he was forced to move to Grosswardein (Oradea). He lived there until his death on 2 June 1936.[1] In 1949, his remains were transferred to Israel and re-interred in Zichron Meir, Bnei Brak.
His sons were Reb Menachem Mendel of Visheve, Reb Chaim Meir (Chayim Meir'l), who inherited his father's position in Grosswardein; Reb Eliezer of Vyzhnytsia; Reb Boruch of Siret; and Reb Shmuel Abba who died young. He also had six daughters.
Chaim Meir Hager[edit]
After the Holocaust, Reb Chaim Meir settled in Bnei Brak, Israel, to build a community there. Disciples from pre-war Europe gathered around him and formed a comprehensive net of educational and communal institutions. He became a spiritual mentor of the Agudas Yisrael party in the Israeli Knesset. Agudas Yisrael won substantial government aid for Bnei Brak and affiliated communities in return for its support in coalition governments.[2]
Reb Chaim Meir had two sons, the older Moshe (Reb Moshelle) and the younger Mordechai (Reb Mottele).[2]
Reb Chaim Meir's sons-in-law include Rabbis Yidele Horowitz, Yitzchok Yaakov Weiss (both were married to Reb Chaim Meir's daughter, Miriam),[3] and Yisrael Friedman (married to Reb Chaim Meir's daughter, Tziporah. Their son is Hoshea Friedman).[4]
Moshe Yehoshua Hager[edit]
Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Hager, was the Vizhnitser Rebbe in Bnei Brak. He died on March 13, 2012 aged 95.[5] He had two sons and four daughters. His elder son is Rabbi Yisroel, named after his great grandfather, the "Ahavas Yisroel"; his other son is Rabbi Menachem Mendel, named after the founding Vizhnitzer Rebbe, author of Tzemach Tzaddik>Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua's sons-in-law are famous rabbis. The eldest daughter married Rabbi David Twersky, the Skverer Rebbe of New Square, NY. One daughter married Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach, the Belzer Rebbe from Jerusalem. One daughter married Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum, the Satmar Rebbe from Kiryas Joel, NY. The youngest daughter married Rabbi Menachem Ernster, the rosh yeshiva of the Vizhnitz Yeshiva in Bnei Brak.[6]
Rabbi Yisroel Hager of Bnei Brak
Merkaz Bnei Brak[edit]
Rabbi Menachem Mendel, some years prior to his father's death, established his own community in Bnei Brak. After their father died both brothers assumed leadership in their own respective courts in harmony and peace just a few streets apart. They join in each other's simchos and with love and respect.
Rabbi Mordechai Hager is the Vizhnitzer Rebbe in Monsey born in 1922.[7][8] He is known for his devotion to learning Torah: he studies 18 hours a day and asks his Chasidim to study at least two hours every day. He has about 5,000 followers internationally.[citation needed] He has 14 children, 8 sons and 6 daughters. His sons serve as leaders of his followers' synagogues, in the United States and internationally. The eldest son, Rabbi Pinches Shulem ztl served the Synagogue in Borough Park, Brooklyn, New York; Rabbi Yisroel serves the Synagogue in Monsey, New York; Rabbi Mendel serves the synagogue in Kiamesha Lake, New York; Rabbi Yitzchok Yochonon serves the Synagogue in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The other sons serve internationally: Rabbi Aron in Montreal, Canada; Rabbi Duvid in London, UK; Rabbi Eliezer in Jerusalem, Israel and his youngest son, Rabbi Buroch Shamshon, in Beit Shemesh.
Rabbi Eliezer Hager was the Seret-Vizhnitzer Rebbe in Haifa, Israel. He was a first cousin of the rebbes of Bnei Brak and Monsey. He was the older of two sons of Rebbe Boruch Hager, author of Mekor Baruch, who was a son of the Ahavas Yisroel. Rabbi Menachem Dovid Hager is the Shotz-Vizhnitzer Rebbe in Haifa, Israel; he is a nephew of the Seret-Vizhnitzer Rebbe.
The rabbi died on July 7, 2015. TNZBH
Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok[edit]
Rebbe Shmuel Yaakov Kohn, the Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok Rebbe of Jerusalem, was a student of the late Rebbe Chaim Meir of Vizhnitz, and of Rebbe Moshe Yehoshua of Vizhnitz, and has adopted many of the customs of Vizhnitz.
Vizhnitzer hats[edit]
Vizhnitzer Hasidim are uniquely dressed in that they


text:
using
max will return the other integer.
That fits the definition of "zero" perfectly.
What about booleans combined using AND? Is there a zero for that? Yes. It is the value
True. Why? Because
True AND False is
True AND True is
True. In both cases the other value is returned untouched.
What about booleans combined using OR? Is there a zero for that as well? I'll let you decide.
Moving on, what about string concatenation? Is there a "zero" for this? Yes, indeed – it is just the empty string.
"" + "hello" = "hello" "hello" + "" = "hello"
Finally, for list concatenation, the "zero" is just the empty list.
 @ [1;2;3] = [1;2;3] [1;2;3] @ = [1;2;3]
You can see that the "zero" value depends very much on the operation, not just on the set of things. The zero for integer addition is different from the "zero" for integer multiplication,
which is different again from the from "zero" for
Mathematicians call the "zero" the identity element.
So now let's revisit the equations with our new generalizations in mind.
Before, we had:
1 + 2 = 3 1 + (2 + 3) = (1 + 2) + 3 1 + 0 = 1 and 0 + 1 = 1
But now we have something much more abstract, a set of generalized requirements that can apply to all sorts of things:
- You start with a bunch of things, and some way of combining them two at a time.
- Rule 1 (Closure): The result of combining two things is always another one of the things.
- Rule 2 (Associativity): When combining more than two things, which pairwise combination you do first doesn't matter.
- Rule 3 (Identity element): There is a special thing called "zero" such that when you combine any thing with "zero" you get the original thing back.
With these rules in place, we can come back to the definition of a monoid. A "monoid" is just a system that obeys all three rules. Simple!
As I said at the beginning, don't let the mathematical background put you off. If programmers had named this pattern, it probably would been called something like "the combinable pattern" rather than "monoid". But that's life. The terminology is already well-established, so we have to use it.
Note there are two parts to the definition of a monoid – the things plus the associated operation. A monoid is not just "a bunch of things", but "a bunch of things" and "some way of combining them". So, for example, "the integers" is not a monoid, but "the integers under addition" is a monoid.
In certain cases, you have a system that only follows the first two rules, and there is no candidate for a "zero" value.
For example, if your domain consists only of strictly positive numbers, then under addition they are closed and associative, but there is no positive number that can be "zero".
Another example might be the intersection of finite lists. It is closed and associative, but there is no (finite) list that when intersected with any other finite list, leaves it untouched.
This kind of system is still quite useful, and is called a "semigroup" by mathematicians, rather than a monoid. Luckily, there is a trick that can convert any semigroup into a monoid (which I'll describe later).
Let's put all our examples into a table, so you can see them all together.
|Float||Multiplication||Yes||No (See note 1)||1||Other|
|Float||Division||Yes (See note 2)||No||1||Other|
|Positive Numbers||Addition||Yes||Yes||No identity||Semigroup|
|String||Concatenation||Yes||Yes||Empty string ""||Monoid|
|String||"subtractChars"||Yes||No||Empty string ""||Other|
|List||Concatenation||Yes||Yes||Empty list ||Monoid|
There are many other kinds of things you can add to this list; polynomials, matrices, probability distributions, and so on. This post won't discuss them, but once you get the idea of monoids, you will see that the concept can be applied to all sorts of things.
[Note 1] As Doug points out in the comments, floats are not associative. Replace 'float' with 'real number' to get associativity.
[Note 2] Mathematical real numbers are not closed under division, because you cannot divide by zero and get another real number. However, with IEEE floating point numbers you can divide by zero and get a valid value. So floats are indeed closed under division! Here's a demonstration:
let x = 1.0/0.0 // infinity let y = x * 2.0 // two times infinity let z = 2.0 / x // two divided by infinity
So far, we have described some abstract concepts, but what good are they for real-world programming problems?
As we've seen, the closure rule has the benefit that you can convert pairwise operations into operations that work on lists or sequences.
In other words, if we can define a pairwise operation, we can extend it to list operations "for free".
The function that does this is typically called "reduce". Here are some examples:
You can see that
reduce can be thought of as inserting the specified operation between each element of the list.
Note that in the last example, the input to
reduce is a list of lists, and the output is a single list. Make sure you understand why this is.
If the pairwise combinations can be done in any order, that opens up some interesting implementation techniques, such as:
- Divide and conquer algorithms
These are deep topics, but let's have a quick look!
Divide and conquer algorithms
Consider the task of summing the first 8 integers; how could we implement this?
One way would be a crude step-by-step sum, as follows:
let sumUpTo2 = 1 + 2 let sumUpTo3 = sumUpTo2 + 3 let sumUpTo4 = sumUpTo3 + 4 // etc let result = sumUpTo7 + 8
But because the sums can be done in any order, we could also implement the requirement by splitting the sum into two halves, like this
let sum1To4 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 let sum5To8 = 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 let result = sum1To4 + sum5To8
and then we can recursively split the sums into sub-sums in the same way until we get down to the basic pairwise operation:
let sum1To2 = 1 + 2 let sum3To4 = 3 + 4 let sum1To4 = sum1To2 + sum3To4
This "divide and conquer" approach may seem like overkill for something like a simple sum, but we'll see in a future post that, in conjunction with a
map, it is the basis for some well known aggregation algorithms.
Once we have a divide and conquer strategy, it can be easily converted into a parallel algorithm.
For example, to sum the first 8 integers on a four-core CPU, we might do something like this:
|Core 1||Core 2||Core 3||Core 4|
There are still seven calculations that need to be done, but because we are doing it parallel, we can do them all in three steps.
Again, this might seem like a trivial example, but big data systems such as Hadoop are all about aggregating large amounts of data,
and if the aggregation operation is a monoid, then you can, in theory, easily scale these aggregations by using multiple machines*.
Even if you do not need parallelism, a nice property of monoids is that they support incremental calculations.
For example, let's say you have asked me to calculate the sum of one to five. Then of course I give you back the answer fifteen.
But now you say that you have changed your mind, and you want the sum of one to six instead. Do I have to add up all the numbers again, starting from scratch? No, I can use the previous sum, and just add six to it incrementally. This is possible because integer addition is a monoid.
That is, when faced with a sum like
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6, I can group the numbers any way I like.
In particular, I can make an incremental sum like this:
(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) + 6, which then reduces to
15 + 6.
In this case, recalculating the entire sum from scratch might not be a big deal, but consider a real-world example like web analytics, counting the number of visitors over the last 30 days, say. A naive implementation might be to calculate the numbers by parsing the logs of the last 30 days data. A more efficient approach would be to recognize that the previous 29 days have not changed, and to only process the incremental changes for one day. As a result, the parsing effort is greatly reduced.
Similarly, if you had a word count of a 100 page book, and you added another page, you shouldn't


if we call Math.floor(5.7) it will return 5.
Second, we will pass in Math.random() as a parameter into Math.floor(). The Math.random() function will generate a random decimal number between 0 and 1.
So let's say we have this:
Calling Math.floor() with Math.random() passes as a parameter
If we console log our randomNumber at this state, it will always return 0. This is because Math.random() will always be a decimal between 0 and 1 such as 0.4, 0.721, 0.98, and so on. Because we pass Math.random() into Math.floor() as a parameter, Math.floor() is always rounding down to the nearest decimal, therefore, every decimal between 0 and 1 will always revert back to 0.
So what's the point of doing this? Well, to create our array index numbers, we need whole numbers, but we need random whole numbers. To generate random whole numbers and break away from only returning 0, we will need to take our random decimal and multiply it by a whole number.
Now let's try something like this:
A randomly generated decimal multiplied by 20, then rounded down to the nearest whole number
If we console log randomNumber, the results will be anywhere between 1 and 19. Now I could use this current state of randomNumber to pull out a quote from the quotes array, but it will only work if the array index number exist within the array, otherwise, an error will be thrown.
For example:
This will return undefined
I currently only have 10 strings within my quotes array, so any number above 9 will return undefined since it does not exist within the array.
To solve this problem, we need to only multiply Math.random() with the length of our quotes array. By doing this, we can add or remove as many strings from the array as we like and our randomNumber variable will always return a valid number since we are using the quotes.length method to always get the current length of our array.
randomNumber will always generate a valid array index number for our quotes array
Now we need a way to use the value of randomNumber to randomly retrieve a quote from the quotes array and place the quote into our HTML document and display it to our users.
Placing the quote into the HTML quoteDisplay element
Remember how I mentioned that we use HTML ID's to allow JavaScript to easily grab and manipulate HTML elements? Well, that's what we're doing now to the HTML quoteDisplay ID we created earlier.
Grabbing the HTML element with id of quoteDisplay
Using document.getElementById() we can pass in any string and JavaScript will look through our HTML document and retrieve it for use to do whatever we want with it. We will pass in 'quoteDisplay' as a parameter to retrieve the HTML element with the id of "quoteDisplay".
Now we will use the.innerHTML method to pass a randomly retrieved quote from our array as the value that will be added into our HTML quoteDisplay element.
Passing in our random quote as the inner value of the quoteDisplay element
We set innerHTML equal to our quotes array with our randomNumber variable passed as an array index number. Now our newQuote() function is complete!
Your javascript.js file should look similar to this
Mission Accomplished!
If you've reached this part of the tutorial, you've completed the project! Congratulations! You are practically done building the Random Quote Generator.
Now all you need to do is open the project up in your browser and see if it works! Do this by dragging your index.html file into your browser window.
Press the button, and it should display a random quote to your screen. Press the button as many times as you like. Each time, a new quote should replace current one on screen.
You can add as many quotes as you want into the quotes array.
Finished Product
Take a look at an overview of our entire project files side by side that make up this Random Quote Generator.
Our Project's Source Code
What now?
You've created a fully functional Random Quote Generator and you're probably wondering where do you go on from here.
You're probably thinking that this Random Quote Generator looks very boring, and no one would probably use it. And you're absolutely right. This project looks quite plain, and it's up to you to change that.
You can improve upon this project by adding your own functionalities and styling to it.
At the beginning of this tutorial we created a style.css file that we didn't use. CSS is used to make web pages pretty and colorful. It is up to you to add to the CSS file for styling if you want.
You can search for some CSS tutorials for some additional guidance. Let your imagination run wild, and make this project yours! Do whatever you want! Coding is magic and you're a wizard, Harry!
If you're curious to see how much a project can change with CSS and a few more lines of JavaScript code, check out my own version of this Random Quote Generator that I titled "Epiphany Clock" here.
If you enjoyed this tutorial please click the heart button and share it! Feel free to leave any comments, questions, or feedback. Thank you and happy coding!


text:
transaction information. This indicator can also be used for controlling security access to the central transaction node 110 and the database 112.
In one implementation, the transaction event is processed at the central transaction node 110 using timing-characteristics of the transaction event communicated from the user 120. For purposes of this implementation, user 120 is a shipper (e.g., seller), user 122 is a carrier and user 124 is a receiver (e.g., buyer). Information for a transaction event involving the initiation of transportation of goods from the shipper 120 to receiver 122 via carrier 124 is sent to the central transaction node 110 by the shipper. The information includes timing information for the shipping initialization as well as other information that the central transaction node 110 can use to associate the timing information with a particular transaction. This transaction association information may include a transaction-identifier, party-identifier or other information that allows the central transaction node 110 to perform the association, and may involve the use of data stored at the database 112. This association may, accordingly, be carried out using one or more of the association approaches discussed above in connection with other example embodiments (e.g., using user profile information or transaction identifying information such as an order number).
When the central transaction node 110 receives the information from the shipper, it uses shipper-identifying information and the timing information to correlate the information to a particular transaction. The transaction event is then processed in accordance with business rules associated with the parties to the particular transaction. In addition, wherein specified timing events are stored at the database 112, the receipt of timing information can be associated with the specified timing events. Furthermore, the status of a particular transaction can be determined as a function of the received timing information, with the status being optionally stored in the database 112. For instance, when information regarding a transaction event involving the shipment of goods is reported to the central transaction node 110 and such a shipment event is stored in the database 112, the information can be used to update the status of the event as "complete." If the shipment has been carried out but information regarding a receipt event has not been received, the status of the transaction can thus be determined as the goods being in transit.
When the receiver 124 receives the shipment, transaction event information including the timing of the receipt of goods is sent to the central transaction node 110. The central transaction node 110 uses receiver-identifying information and the timing information to correlate the information to a particular transaction, much like the similar process discussed above in connection with the receipt of shipment initiation information from the shipper 120. The central transaction node 110 then processes the transaction event in accordance with business rules associated with the parties to the particular transaction. For instance, the processing may involve the calculation of the time elapsed between the shipment initiation event as sent by the shipper 120 and the receipt event as sent by the receiver 124.
In various implementations, the carrier 122 provides transaction event information to the central transaction node 110 in a manner similar to that effected by each of the shipper 120 and carrier 124 as discussed above. This information can be provided in addition to or as an alternative to the information provided by the shipper and carrier 120 and 124, accordingly. Furthermore, carrier identification information associated with the transaction to which the transaction events apply can be stored for long-term use in the database 112. The above-discussed approach to the monitoring of elapsed time for particular shipments can accordingly be parsed and used in evaluating the performance of the carrier 122, with a multitude of additional information such as mileage, percentages of on-time delivery and others being optionally processed and stored in the database 112.
The information stored at the data storage arrangement 242 is used in conjunction with the information received from both the shipper terminal 220 and the carrier terminal 230 to generate information used in auditing shipment transactions. The auditing may involve, for example, comparing actual timing characteristics with expected timing for shipment stored in connection with user profiles or other business rules. If the audit indicates a problem with timing, the central transaction processor 240 reacts accordingly, for example by notifying the shipper terminal 220 or by automatically adjusting a payment amount for the shipment as a function of business rules agreed upon by the shipper and carrier.
If the central processor 240 determines that a particular transaction is ripe for payment in response, for example, to transaction event data received from the shipper terminal 220 and carrier terminal 230, the central transaction processor initiates payment for the shipment. For example, where an issuing institution 244 and a paying institution 225 are involved, the central processor 240 interfaces respectively with processors 245 and 254 at these institutions for processing the payment. The issuing institution 244 maintains a credit account for the shipper at shipper terminal 220 and debits the shipper's account for the cost of the shipment. The paying institution 252 tenders payment to the carrier at carrier terminal 230.
Timing characteristics from the primary and secondary transaction events are compared at block 460 by the transaction processor and used to determine an elapsed time between the transaction events. An output is generated as a function of the elapsed time and party profile information at block 470. The transaction processor is thus programmed accordingly to use at least timing-related characteristics from each transaction event to calculate the elapsed time and provide the output.
In one implementation, the approach shown in
In another example embodiment of the present invention, a computer arrangement (e.g., at central transaction node 110 of
When a problem that affects timing arises with a shipment, for example, a shipper (or the carrier if preferred) can change BOL ratings via the Internet. In addition, notification of such a problem can be effected via the Internet in a generally real-time environment, for example by initiating an email or a pop-up window at a party's access terminal (computer coupled to the Internet). Moreover, a shipper can delay payment via the Internet, for example when a dispute exists or a carrier fails to perform according to contract such as by failing to meet a delivery requirement. Similarly, a carrier can inform the computer that a delivery is being selectively delayed due to problems in receiving payment from the shipper or other paying party.
By permitting transaction parties to access the database via a medium such as the Internet, the parties to the transaction can retrieve data useful in assisting the party address issues, internal and external, that relate to a particular transaction or a multitude of transactions. For instance, a shipper can access information indicative of carriers that have satisfactory on-time delivery records and of carriers that demonstrate cost-effective service between two locations. This approach is particularly useful where different carriers exhibit different delivery speed and cost characteristics for delivery between different locations, as is common. Carriers. can also use such data for purposes such as to identify shippers that generate business in a particular target region. Further, all users of the system have the potential to access an abundance of historical data including, for example, approval history, delivery and payment information.
While certain aspects of the present invention have been described with reference to several particular example embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, aspects of which are set forth in the following claims.
Citations de brevets
Citations hors brevets


text:
Feng's research concerns building science and techniques, specifically urban heat islands and cool materials. She is being supervised by Professor Mattheos Santamouris and Dr Lan Ding.
One of the most promising and powerful techniques to mitigating the heat island phenomenon is believed to be the use of materials that present high reflectivity to the solar radiation and high spectural emissivity.
These 'cool materials' contribute to increasing the urban albedo and are the subject of Feng's studies. The full title of her proposed thesis is 'Development, testing and application of advanced cool materials for facade, roof and pavement to mitigate heat islands in the urban environment'.


text:
Drexel Materials Engineers Receive Young Investigator Recognition From the Army Research Office
March 28, 2012
A pair of Drexel University engineers earned recognition from the Army Research Office's (ARO) Physics Division for their promising research achievements within the first five years of receiving their doctoral degree. Dr. Steven May and Dr. James Rondinelli, assistant professors in Drexel's Department of Materials Science and Engineering in the College of Engineering, have each received a three-year Young Investigator Program award to enable new research projects in materials science and engineering.
May will receive $357,000 to conduct research on "Symmetry mismatched heterostructures: New routes to bandwidth control in oxides." This project will explore the specific role that crystal symmetry plays in determining the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of complex oxides. By studying the fundamental relationship between atomic structure and macroscopic properties, the project may lead to new materials for next-generation electronics or energy conversion applications.
"I am thrilled and honored to have the opportunity to pursue this research project," May said. "The funding will allow us to pursue fundamental studies focused on how to realize improved material properties by engineering materials at the atomic scale."
The ARO awarded Rondinelli $360,000 to investigate his research entitled "Ab initio design of noncentrosymmetric metals: crystal engineering in oxide heterostructures." This project focuses on identifying routes to combine the disparate properties of high electrical conductivity and optical activity into a single complex oxide material.
"The real hope is that robust materials design and engineering guidelines will emerge to efficiently unite these technologically important properties," Rondinelli said.
Rondinelli's computational studies, which use theoretical tools to solve quantum mechanical equations and find the distribution of electrons, are able to predict the behavior of yet-to-be-synthesized materials. His research will focus on predicting the material compositions that will achieve the targeted properties by evaluating the underlying physics of the basic building blocks comprising the oxides' atomic structure. It is anticipated that new strategies will be developed to guide the arrangement of basic building blocks at the atomic level into layered, artificial complex oxide structures or superlattices.
"The financial support from ARO will provide us extensive opportunities to pioneer this emerging class of materials for next generation optoelectronic devices," Rondinelli said. "These materials could form the foundation of new optoelectronic and spintronic technologies, in addition to medical and security applications where optical activity is often used to measure the concentration of chemicals in solutions."


Categories All about poems
Often asked: Edgar allan poe alone poem?
What are 5 of Poe most famous poems?
Best Edgar Allan Poe Poems
 - Annabel Lee.
 - Alone.
 - The Raven.
 - A Dream Within A Dream.
 - The Haunted Palace.
 - To My Mother.
 - Dream-Land.
 - Lenore / A Pæan.
What is Edgar Allan Poe's shortest poem?
"Alone" by Edgar Allan Poe | Poetry Foundation.
What is the theme of the poem alone by Edgar Allan Poe?
In his poem, "Alone," Poe discusses being ostracized during his childhood. The basic theme of his poem is the universal feeling idea of loneliness.
Why did Poe write alone?
Edgar Allan Poe wroteAlone" to express certain themes, including isolation, reflection, and the natural world.
Why is the raven so popular?
You might be interested: Question: Fire and ice by robert frost poem?
How much money did Poe make from the Raven?
On January 29, 1845, his poem "The Raven" appeared in the Evening Mirror and became a popular sensation. It made Poe a household name almost instantly, though he was paid only $9 for its publication.
What are 3 of Poe's most famous literary pieces?
Poe's Works
 - "The Raven"
 - "The Cask of Amontillado"
 - "The Masque of the Red Death"
 - "The Tell-Tale Heart"
 - "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"
 - "The Fall of the House of Usher"
 - "Metzengerstein"
 - "The Gold Bug"
What are Edgar Allan Poe's most famous works?
Edgar Allan Poe's best-known works include the poems "To Helen" (1831), "The Raven" (1845), and "Annabel Lee" (1849); the short stories of wickedness and crime "The Tell-Tale Heart" (1843) and "The Cask of Amontillado" (1846); and the supernatural horror story "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839).
Who is alone in the poem?
In Alone, Poe reflects upon a life experienced as an emotional outsider. The narrator's experience of perceiving life and emotions differently to others in Edgar Allen Poe's Alone, has led to him feeling isolated and here he is questioning why he sees things so differently.
What is the message of Annabel Lee?
Annabel Lee" is the last complete poem composed by American author Edgar Allan Poe. Like many of Poe's poems, it explores the theme of the death of a beautiful woman. The narrator, who fell in love with Annabel Lee when they were young, has a love for her so strong that even angels are envious.
You might be interested: Often asked: Edgar allen poe poem annabel lee?
WHO SAID believe none of what you hear and only half of what you see?
"Believe none of what you hear and believe half of what you see" is considerably older than 40 years. It has been attributed to Benjamin Franklin (1700s), Edgar Allan Poe (1800s), and others as well.
Who said don't believe anything you hear and only half of what you see?
Dear Quote Investigator: The following hyperbolic proverb encouraging skepticism has been credited to the master of mystery and the macabre Edgar Allan Poe: Believe half of what you see and nothing of what you hear.
How much did Poe get paid for Annabel Lee?
In May he wrote Mrs. Richmond that he had composed "Annabel Lee." He sold it for $10; it appeared after his death. In the summer he lectured in Richmond and Norfolk ($75). Income for his last year was perhaps $274.
What disease killed both Poe's mother and his wife?
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So, first of all you might be asking what is ADB?
It's basically a tool through which you can issue shell commands via your computer to your phone. ADB stands for Android Debug Bridge. It comes as a part of the standard Android SDK, which you can grab here. Basically, it provides a terminal-based interface for interacting with your phone's operating system. Since Android platform is based on Linux, command-line is the only way to obtain and manipulate root access often required to perform certain advanced operations on your device using root access.
You can also directly issue commands by installing a terminal applications like terminal emulator, but it's not handy to execute complex commands on such a small screen.
So, want to get into the android era?
- So, first step is to get the android SDK on your computer from here. Just download the installer and install it to any drive, in this guide I am installing to a folder called android in C drive i.e (C:\android).
- after installation has completed just click finish and it will automatically launch the SDK Manager. Now select both the option i.e platform tools and SDK tools and accept it and click Install. Once the process is done, you will have a 'platform-tools' folder inside your (C:\android) folder. That folder will have your ADB and all its dependencies.
- Now, set the path variable. So, that you can easily issue commands via any location in cmd.To make ADB along with other Android SDK tools and platform tools easily accessible from anywhere at the command line, we shall add their paths to the PATH environment variable.
- Right-click on the 'Computer' icon and click 'Properties'. Now click 'Advanced System Settings' from the options in the left pane to bring up the 'System Properties' window. In the 'System Properties' window, click the 'Environment Variables' button on the 'Advanced' tab.
- Go-to the 'Path' in the 'System variables' section and double-click it to edit it and click on the text box and bring the cursor to the last.
- Just add the below lines at the end of it, including both the semi-colons:
Note:If you have installed the SDK's contents to another directory, make sure to use that one for your PATH variable.
Notice that the semi-colons are necessary to separate each path variable entry from the next and previous ones.
- Reboot your machine.
USB Driver installation (Optional if you already have your driver software pre-installed).
- The first step will be to download the USB drivers. To do this, launch SDK Manager from the SDK(android) folder and click on 'Available packages' in the left pane.
- Expand 'Third party Add-ons' followed by 'Google Inc. add-ons' and check 'Google Usb Driver package',
- Click 'Install Selected' and in the window that pops up, click the 'Accept all' radio button followed by the 'Install' button. After the installations completed. The drivers for both 32 bit and 64 bit systems will now be present in the SDK(C:\android) folder under 'usb_driver\x86′ and 'usb_driver\x64′ sub-folders respectively.
- Now, on the device(your mobile) go to Menu, select Settings > Applications > Development and enable USB Debugging.
- Manually browse to the location of the driver and select whether it's x64 or x86 depending on your OS version and click OK then Next. Now open Device manager and manually install the driver.
- Once drivers have installed, you can verify successful installation by going to Device Manager. Your phone should be showing under 'ADB Interface', like the below screenshot.
Now, all the settings has been done. So, now it's time to verify your ADB is working properly.
Open Command prompt by pressing WinKey+R > type "cmd" > type " adb devices ".
Now, for a list of commands of adb go here.


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The Wrong Roof at the Right Time
The last half of the 19th century was not kind to the old Spanish missions. Even the former headquarters of the mission chain, San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was abandoned. The land was sold, right up to the walls of the church. By 1850 the wooden roof of the abandoned structure had rotted and partially collapsed. The church stood roofless for thirty years until Fr. Angelo Casanova arrived on the scene.
ANGELO CASANOVA was appointed resident pastor of the Catholic Church in Monterey in 1870. He took a special interest in the old mission and periodically held services in the largely undamaged sacristy. This painting, which is in the collection of the California Historical Society, shows him leading a group of Indian worshipers into the sacristy for a baptism.
Fr. Casanova decided to raise money to repair the church in time to honor the centennial of Fr. Junipero Serra's who died at the mission on August 28, 1784. By the spring of 1884 the church had a new roof. Unfortunately there wasn't enough money or time to reconstruct the original roof, which was arched (see the stone arch showing in the painting). Instead a sharply pitched roof was put on the church. Even though it saved the precious building from further deterioration, the roof was widely criticized for marring the graceful lines of the original structure.
Fr. Casanova served as pastor of the Monterey church for twenty-three years, until 1893, and continued his efforts to restore San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo to its former glory. However the 'temporary' roof wasn't replaced for a half a century. Photographs of Mission Carmel in 1920s feature the steeply pitched room.
When the master mission restorer Harry Downie (_PHONE_) began his decades-long effort to restore Mission Carmel, replacing the "wrong" roof was his highest priority. Downie, a third generation San Franciscan, was a cabinetmaker with a special reputation for the restoration of Spanish antiques. In 1931 he was recruited by Monsignor Philip Scherer, pastor of the Catholic Church in Monterey, to restore some statues at the Carmel Mission but his job quickly expanded to mission restorer. In addition to the exterior and interior restoration of Mission Carmel, Downie was consulted on and helped restore many of the missions that are today considered the most authentic including San Luis Obispo, San Juan Bautista and San Buenaventura. He also assisted the Native Daughters of the Golden West in the rebuilding of Mission Soledad. Harry and his beloved wife Mabel are buried alongside the church of San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, the mission he served so faithfully for 50 years.
While Fr. Casanova's roof was replaced in mid 1930s, the most prominent statue honoring California was done before the replacement. When Fr. Serra was chosen in 1931 to represent the state of California in the rotunda of the national's Capital in Washington DC, the statue of him that was created by Ettore Cadorin shows him with a cross in one hand and a minature of the Carmel church in the other…the church with the wrong roof.


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structure for a European Health Examination Survey (EHES), which is a collaboration to organize standardized HESs in countries across Europe.
To facilitate setting up national surveys and to gain experience in applying the EHES methods in different cultures, EHES Joint Action (2010–2011) planned and piloted standardized HESs in the working age population in 12 countries. This included countries with earlier national HESs and countries which were planning their first national HES. The core measurements included in all surveys were weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure, and blood samples were taken to measure lipid profiles and glucose or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). These are modifiable determinants of major chronic diseases not identified in health interview surveys. There was a questionnaire to complement the data on the examination measurements.
Evaluation of the pilot surveys was based on review of national manuals and evaluation reports of survey organizers; observations and discussions of survey procedures during site visits and training seminars; and other communication with the survey organizers.
Despite unavoidable differences in the ways HESs are organized in the various countries, high quality and comparability of the data seems achievable. The biggest challenge in each country was obtaining high participation rate. Most of the pilot countries are now ready to start their full-size national HES, and six of them have already started.
The EHES Pilot Project has set up the structure for obtaining comparable high quality health indicators on health and important modifiable risk factors of major non-communicable diseases from the European countries. The European Union is now in a key position to make this structure sustainable. The EHES core survey can be expanded to cover other measurements.
Health surveys; Population health monitoring; Risk factors; Chronic diseases; EHES; Survey methods
In 1978, the Alma-Ata declaration on primary health care (PHC) recognized that the world's health issues required more than just hospital-based and physician-centered policies. The declaration called for a paradigm change that would allow governments to provide essential care to their population in a universally acceptable manner. The figure of the community health worker (CHW) remains a central feature of participation within the PHC approach, and being a CHW is still considered to be an important way of participation within the health system.
This study explores how the values and personal motivation of community health workers influences their experience with this primary health care strategy in in the municipality of Palencia, Guatemala. To do this, we used an ethnographic approach and collected data in January-March of 2009 and 2010 by using participant observation and in-depth interviews.
We found that the CHWs in the municipality had a close working relationship with the mobile health team and with the community, and that their positions allowed them to develop leadership and teamwork skills that may prove useful in other community participation processes. The CHWs are motivated in their work and volunteerism is a key value in Palencia, but there is a lack of infrastructure and growth opportunities.
Attention should be paid to keeping the high levels of commitment and integration within the health team as well as keeping up supervision and economic funds for the program.
Community health workers; Community participation; Guatemala; Primary Health Care; Alma-Ata declaration
The last decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased. Apart from other lifestyle factors, the effect of chronic psychosocial stress on the development of obesity has been recognized. However, more research is needed into the influence of chronic stress on appetite regulation, energy balance and body composition, as well as on the interaction with physical activity/sedentary behavior, diet and sleep in children. In this regard, the ChiBS study (Children's Body composition and Stress) was designed at the Ghent University. Within this paper, we describe the aims, design, methods, participation and population characteristics of the ChiBS study.
The influence of chronic stress on changes in body composition is investigated over a two-year follow-up period (February-June 2010, 2011 and 2012) in primary-school children between 6 and 12 years old in the city Aalter (Flanders, Belgium).
Stress is measured by childand parent-reported stress-questionnaires, as well as by objective stress biomarkers (serum, salivary and hair cortisol) and heart rate variability. Body composition is evaluated using basic anthropometric measurements and air displacement plethysmography. Additional information on socio-economic status, medical history, physical activity, dietary intake and sleep are obtained by questionnaires, and physical activity by accelerometers.
The participation percentage was 68.7% (N = 523/761), with 71.3% of the children willing to participate in the first follow-up survey. Drop-out proportions were highest for serum sampling (12.1%), salivary sampling (8.3%) and heart rate variability measurements (7.4%).
The ChiBS project is unique in its setting: its standardized and longitudinal approach provides valuable data and new insights into the relationship between stress and changes in body composition in a large cohort of young children. In addition, this study allows an in-depth investigation of the validity of the different methods that were used to assess stress levels in children.
Stress; Child; Body composition; Obesity; Cortisol; Heart rate variability; Questionnaire; Food habits; Physical activity; Sleep
Participation rate and response rate are key issues in a cross sectional large-scale epidemiological study. The objective of this paper is to describe the study population and to evaluate participation and response rate as well as the key nutritional status variables in male and female adolescents involved in the HELENA study.
A multi-stage random cluster sampling with a target sample of 3000 adolescents aged [12.5 to 17.5] years, stratified for geographical location and age, was carried out. Information for participants and non-participants (NP) was compared, and participation and response rates to specific questionnaires were discussed.
3,865 adolescents aged [12.5 to 17.5] years (1,845 females) participated in the HELENA study, of whom 1,076 (568 females) participated in the blood sampling. 3,528 (1,845 females) adolescents were finally kept for statistical analysis. Participation rates for the schools and classes differed importantly between countries. The participation rate of pupils within the participating classes also differed importantly between countries. Sex ratio, mean age and BMI were similar between NP and participating adolescents within each centre, and in the overall sample. For all the questionnaires included in the database, the response rate of questionnaires was high (more than 80% of questions were completed).
From this study it could be concluded that participation rate differed importantly between countries, though no bias could be identified when comparing the key study variables between participants and non-participants. Response rate for questionnaires was very high. Future studies investigating lifestyle and health in adolescents can optimize their methods when considering the opportunities and barriers observed in the HELENA study.
Industrial composting is a relatively new and expanding activity. Several studies indicate that compost workers are at risk to develop health symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of work-related health symptoms among compost workers compared with control subjects.
A questionnaire was distributed among 62 workers (31 exposed and 31 non-exposed workers). Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses.
Workers exposed to organic dust reported significantly more often respiratory, irritation (e.g., eyes, nose and throat), gastrointestinal, and skin symptoms than the non-exposed group. Moreover, all work-related symptoms were significantly more often reported by exposed than non-exposed workers. After adjustment for smoking status and age, the associations between exposure and respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin symptoms remained statistically significant, in particular if these symptoms were work-related.
This study confirms that workers at compost facilities are at risk to develop occupational health problems, most likely related to organic dust exposure.
Belgium; Compost; Industry; Occupational health; Organic dust; Workers


AU Biomaterials Design Lab:Protocols/ADA Activity Assay
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Adenoise Deaminase Kinetic Assay
 - 1) Use 5 ml of 0.1 mM adenosine in phosphate buffer, & 5 ml of 0.1 mM inosine in phosphate buffer (0.05 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.4)
Collect a spectrum of the adenosine, the inosine and the ADA solutions. Find the extinction coefficient of adenonise and inosine at 235 nm and 265 nm.
Which wavelength should you use for this assay?
Determination of Kinetic Parameters
Reagents and Supplies
 - 0.05 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.4
 - adenosine deaminase (your most pure sample)
 - 3 mM adenosine (in KH2PO4 buffer)
2) Level of Adenosine Deaminase to Use in the Kinetic Assays Find the amount of enzyme to use in the kinetic assays by completing the following assays. Prepare 3 ml of assay solutions according to the following table and record the absorbance changes at 235nm. (The volumes of ADA given are typical but you may need to expand the range if your activity is dilute OR dilute your sample in ADA assay buffer if it's highly active.)
Assay Phosphate buffer [mL] Adenosine [mL] ADA solution [µL]
 - It will be necessary to find a suitable volume of your stock enzyme solution that produces a ΔA235/min of 0.02-0.03 under conditions of saturating levels of substrate as found in the above solutions. Construct a graph in your notebook of ΔA/min versus amount of enzyme (µl) used and determine the volume of enzyme to use for the remaining kinetic measurements. You may round the calculated volumes to a convenient volume (e.g., 10, 15, 20, etc. µl).
This graph should demonstrate that the reaction rate is linearly dependent on the level of enzyme at saturating levels of substrate.
3) Km's of Adenosine and 2'-Deoxyadenosine
 - To determine Km and Vm for a particular substrate, the rate (or velocity) of the reaction is measured at various concentrations of the substrate.
(The amount of enzyme and the total volume of the assay solution must be held constant ±2% of the total volume. Note that in part 2 the total volume of the assay solution varied by 35 µl. This change represents less than 2% of the total solution and normal pipetting errors are expected to be about 3% due to multiple additions. Therefore, these small volume changes are within the experimental error and will not make a significant contribution to the total error.)
 - Construct a chart in your notebook of the volumes of each component added to the reaction mixture so that the total volume is 3 ml. Measure the reaction rate with 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.040, 0.080, 0.10, 0.30 ml of adenosine solution. Compare the reaction rates of the 0.1 ml and the 0.3 ml adenosine assays. If these rates are not within 10% of each other, try 0.35 ml of adenosine. A graph of rate (nmol/min) versus [adenosine] (µM) should show that an asymptote is being approached.
 - From the plot of reaction rate versus substrate concentration (µM) estimate the Km for adenosine.
 - With the data from Part 2, construct a graph of velocity (nmol/min) versus [substrate] (in µM) to demonstrate that a saturating level of substrate has been reached. Draw a smooth curve described by the data points. Estimate Vm and Km from this plot. The Vm is the asymptote that is being approached and is read from the y-axis. Extend a horizontal line at the half maximal velocity (Vm/2) and determine the concentration of substrate where the horizontal line intersects your plot.
 - Prepare a graph of 1/velocity versus 1/[adenosine]. This graph can eventually be used to compare to the Vm and Km for ADA /AuNPs kinetics.
For comparison. Suggested table for your notebook: Assay [adenosine] in assay (µM) 1/[adenosine] (1/µM) deltaA/min rate (nmol/min) 1/rate (min/nmol)
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Chicle Ruya; Pungara Muyu
Talking about Chicle Ruya; Pungara Muyu
Luisa Cadena - How My Father Gathered Chicle in the Rubber Boom
The sap of Lacmellea lactescens was the original source of chewing gum. In the early 20th century its latex was tapped and exported through the same networks that exported Hevea brasilensis and other forms of rubber.
Thorny trunk of Lacmellea lactescens with moth caterpillar. When the caterpillar lifts the point of its tail it displays large false eyes that make it look like a snake. According to tradition the caterpillar can actually grow into a shishin snake.
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You are reading "the Zuulcat Archives". These are publications written by Martin Mazur between 2006 - 2015.
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Join the Revolution
 May 18, 2006 | Filed under: Meta, Personal | Tags: Freedom, Philosophy, Piracy, Theory
Once upon a time the open source community coined the phrase "Free as in speech, not as in beer". This simple phrase allows us to illustrate which meaning of the word free we are referring to. Even thought free beer is great (no doubt about that) and tastes better then a beer you actually paid for (proprietary beer?) free speech is what's important.
Free as in speech essentially refers to liberated or to having freedom. Freedom, to me, is a very fascinating concept. It seams everybody wants to have it but nobody actually knows what it is. We often talk about freedom in the sense of liberation. But what is it we are trying to liberate ourselves from?
This freedom seeking syndrome is something I find especially strong in what Americans refer to as generation Y. For you not familiar with this concept this is the generation of kids born between 1982 and 1995 (years may differ depending on what definition you use). This generation, my generation, is obsessed by freedom. We behave like some kind of neo-hippies bringing such things as free software, free speech, free mind, free body and free "whatever-else-there-is" out of the dark cupboard of previous generations. I know that we didn't invent either meditation, anarchy nor open source but we are the ones who made it thrive. We are the advocates of "free" (as in speech).
Now we are even breaking laws because it is our right to have free music, free movies and free software. But wait a minute, aren't we missing something here? Isn't this the same as beating the barman senseless so we can have free beer? What I'm getting at is that we are so blinded by our quest for freedom that we no longer see the line between free beer and free speech. Somewhere in the process we've lost touch with what's really important (yes, I'm talking about "free as in speech").
As you probably understand I'm not saying free beer is bad (neither is free music or movies) I'm just saying it's not as important as free speech. This is the main reason for the existence of this blog. This blog is about "free as in speech" or rather "free as in freedom" (referring to liberation). This blog is about my fascination with freedom, my quest for freedom.
Freedom is taking over. Join the revolution.


text: All professional are under pressure to implement change. They face increased competition and external regulation. Their clients have become more demanding and critical. Quality work is at a premium with senior people moving between organisations. Professional service firms must find a way to respond positively to these pressures. Success stems form developing the ability to take control and make change happen.Accelerated Best Practice is based on current research into successful professional organisations. It identifies five key elements that build into a Model for Success. These include operational management, strategic leadership, and client and people development.Key Benefits:*Allows readers to implement strategic and operational change quickly and successfully*Shows professional service firms why change in necessary, how to diagnose problems and identify corrective action*Succinct and practical help based on contemporary research*Includes case studies, applied techniques and tools to put theory into practice.