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E47 - Connections to a network and social connections
 1) What is involved ?
This involves connecting a house to a public or private water network via a specific pipe, usually made of PVC or polyethylene. In the house, the connection can lead to a single tap or to a system of pipes with several water taps.
 2) Why use this means ?
Private connections are the top of the line service in terms of providing drinking water. In developed countries the percentage of the population with water service in the home connected to a main network is very high, especially in cities. In poorer countries only a small portion of the population can afford the cost of installing a private connection. In Nouakchott (Mauritania) and Port-au-Prince (Haiti), there are fewer than 2 private water connections per 100 residents.
Number of private connections in a few Sub-Saharan African cities.Source : World Utility Partnership, 2004
 3) Why ?
A private water connection is the best way to meet a household's needs for drinking water. It is often a goal of government and distribution companies because such connections :
- Improve public health : better quality water means better hygiene ;
- Make cost recovery easier and facilitate revenue for the local government or the distribution company ;
- Improve access for the poorest people to the service and increase security and safety of the supply ;
- Improve water demand management and also improve water conservation.
 4) How are they applied ? Different pricing policies for water from a direct connection
To install a private connection, you need to connect to the water distribution network pipeline. This is generally done by the local government or the distribution company, who will connect to the pipeline and run the pipes that will bring water to the house. They are also in charge of supplying the meter that measures the volume of water used by the household. The meter should be installed so that the quantity of water consumed can be easily read. There should be no constructions built or trees planted on the land above the pipes so that maintenance can be carried out on them if necessary. Installing pipes within the house, after the water meter, is generally the responsibility of the user.
Water pricing policies : (see also the specific files on pricing, BI to B8)
There are many ways of setting water prices. The main methods are summarised in the table below. The selection of the pricing policy is a very important choice to be made well before a water connection campaign because connections mean people will have to make payments, even if the price is most often much lower than those practiced by small, local private operators.
The system chosen has a considerable impact on poor families' consumption, because in many regions they do not have the resources necessary to pay for 20 litres a day, the volume that the World Health Organisation (WHO) judges to be the necessary minimum.
Table 1 : Types of water pricing systems.
Definition of pricing policy Description Advantages Drawbacks
Flat fee Unrelated to the quantity consumed, but it may vary for example in relation to the value of the property No need for a meter Provides no incentive for users to reduce their consumption
Linear rate (uniform) Every unit of water costs the same price Can be profitable (if the infrastructure is operating at close to its capacity) Poor users cannot necessarily decrease their need for water
Progressive linear rate Every additional unit consumed is more expensive Very effective for decreasing demand Can affect poor users dramatically if they cannot decrease their demand, for example large families
Progressive rate The cost of each additional unit consumed goes up incrementally (or goes down if there is a bulk rate) In theory, this allows poor households to remain in the lowest bracket (often referred to as the free subsistence bracket) Poor users are not necessarily able to decrease their demand
Different rates depending on volume The price of every additional unit stays the same but it is different from user to user depending on the total volume consumed In theory, this allows poor households to limit their consumption and achieve a low unit price Poor users are not necessarily able to decrease their demand
Source : WaterAid, 2009
 5) Main advantages and drawbacks
a) Advantages
- The price of water delivered through the connection to a public pipe is most often much lower than water purchased from water vendors or other small private operators.
- The high quality of water from a private connection reduces the risk of water related illnesses and those related to a lack of proper hygiene, such as dysentery or cholera. Sick people often cannot go to work or school, which makes a family's poverty more acute. A supply of good quality water can represent considerable savings for the State in public health expenses.
- A private connection cuts out the time that must be taken to fetch water from collective water sources. Fetching water takes time and energy that could be put to better use in more profitable enterprises and it often prevents children from attending school.
b) Drawbacks
- The cost of installing a private water connection is often too high for very poor families, and for this reason, government subsidies or other solutions, such as low-cost connections or condominium networks (see file A16) are necessary.
- The characteristics of the poorest neighbourhoods and shantytowns, often located on slopes, floodplains or areas that are difficult to access, including unplanned areas with a high population density, can provide real technical challenges for the local government or distribution companies.
 6) Cost
The price that a household with a private connection pays, as well as the initial cost of the connection to the distribution company's network, varies according to the town, the pricing system and the subsidies available. The investment required for a private connection can also vary depending on the distance to the mains.
In Addis-Ababa (Ethiopia) the rates increase depending on the volume of water consumed. However, the price of water delivered through a private connection is lower than water purchased at standpipes, for example.
Average cost in Birrs/m3 Private connection in the home (price varies according to the volume consumed) / shared connection / public standpipe / private shop / private water vendors
Price of Water in Addis-Ababa - Source : WaterAid, 2009
As for installing a private connection, the official charge is often smaller than the real cost of a connection. The following table shows the difference between the official rate and the real cost in Ghana and India.
Ghana - Official price for a connection / India - Total cost of a connection
Official rate and the total cost of a connection in Ghana and India - Source : WaterAid, 2009
Even after subsidies, the official price in these two countries (and in most developing countries), about 100 USD, remains prohibitive for very poor families, considering that the poorest populations often live on less than $2/day. In Addis-Ababa, a poll of 105 households in the town's poor neighbourhoods showed that 45% of them do not have private water connections, even though this is a town that is far ahead of Conakry (Guinea) Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) or Nouakchott (Mauritania).
 7) Low-cost connections
a) Goal
While connecting to the public network is often the best way to get easy access to water at home and have water at a lower cost and of better quality than what is available from water vendors (depending on the town it is 10 to 50 times less expensive), the cost of the connection itself is often too high for families of very modest means.
According to the UNDP, the average cost of connecting to water mains in recent years has been around $41 in southern Asia, more than $100 in Benin, Kenya and Uganda and $128 in South America. This represents from three to six months salaries for a worker in Kenya, two months in Madagascar and more than a year in Uganda.
The cost of a connection then constitutes the main barrier for these families to gaining access to a water network, all the more so because in addition to the price of installing the connection, there is almost always the base service charge for a water connection, similar to electricity or telephone bills.
Luckily, there are several ways to decrease the cost or to make it more easily attainable.
b) The main ways this is accomplished
- the most common way is provide simplified pay schemes. Public authorities, local governments or water companies offer low-income families the possibility to pay for their connection over several months, or even several years. Examples : payments made over 5 years in Manila (Philippines), 7 to 10 years in Tangiers or Rabat in Morocco.
- some local governments provide special subsidies or subsidised loans, sometimes setting up special funds specifically for this.
- other governments or associations offer individuals micro-credit.
As part of some large water capture projects and some OBA-type (Output Based Aid) international contracts set up in the context of a predetermined social commitment, the World Bank sometimes gives large subsidies in order to create low-cost connections.
c) Examples
- In West Africa, the CREPA (Centre de recherche pour l'accès à l'eau à faible coût, the Centre for Research on low-cost water access in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) has demonstrated the effectiveness of creating a fund to facilitate poor households' access to a water distribution network and particularly to help them bear the cost of a base service charge. This fund lends the price of the base service charge to the household and


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It was great news to hear that "Language Learning with Technology" (Stanley 2013) was nominated and consequently won the Duke of Edinburgh English Speaking Union English Language Book Awards. A big congratulations to Graham for his continued effort with technology and language learning, I have always enjoyed reading his contributions to this field and was first introduced when I read "Digital Play" (Mayer & Stanley 2011). Nevertheless, my latest book review is published in IATEFL Voices (please see below). This book is particularly invaluable for teachers who would like to gain more confidence when incorporating technology in the classroom and I would highly recommend language teachers and schools to consider getting it.
[scribd id=191622456 key=key-ewqai84z7izimzxudzj mode=scroll]

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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adie − The ADvanced Interactive Editor
Adie is an extremely fast and convenient programming text editor written using the FOX Toolkit. Besides being a nice text editor, Adie is also an extremely convenient file viewer, supporting a plethora of methods to move from one file to the next.
For each visited file, Adie remembers where in that file you were last looking, and which special places in that file have been bookmarked, so you can quickly return to frequently visited places.
Project browsing is made easy by optionally displaying a File/Directory browser side by side with the text so files may be visited by means of a single click. Files may also be opened simply by highlighting a file name, compiler warning message, or _TAG_ directive and hitting a single button; Adie will search for the file in the same directory as an already loaded file, or in a number of predefined directories (like for example include directories).
Preferences are configurable with convenient dialogs.
- Text size only limited by available memory.
- Persistent bookmarks may be set for each file.
- Persistent scroll position is remembered for each visited file.
- Wheel mouse scroll support.
- Online help built in.
File Access Features.
- File Dialog supporting bookmarked directories.
- Dropping a file into Adie opens the file.
- Single-click access to file using File/Directory browser.
- Visit recently edited files.
- Jump to file and line number of highlighted compiler warnings or errors.
- Customizable list of file patterns; show only source files, for example.
- Open a file by highlighting a _TAG_ directive.
- Customizable list of directories to search for header files.
- Detect if file changed outside of editor to prevent accidental overwriting.
- Unlimited undo/redo capability.
- Cut and paste to clipboard support.
- X11 primary selection support using middle-mouse paste.
- Drag-and-drop support for text move or copy.
- Brace matching, statement block, and expression block selection.
- Up to 10 persistent bookmarks may be set in each file.
- Search and replace history is stored persistently.
- Auto-indent feature.
- Strip trailing spaces, strip carriage-returns for DOS files.
- Indent or unindent selected text; clean indentation.
- Search for highlighted text.
- Goto line number, goto highlighted line number, goto matching brace, goto begin/end of block.
- Fixed word wrap column, or continuous word wrap mode.
- Mouse wheel or right-mouse scroll support.
- Customizable word-delimiters to select words by double-clicks.
- Insert files or extract highlighted text to file.
This manpage was originally written by Bastian Kleineidam for the Debian distribution of the FOX Toolkit.
The main author of FOX is Jeroen van der Zijp . For a list of contributors see /usr/share/doc/libfox0.99/AUTHORS.


Order of Calatrava
Order of Calatrava, in full Military Order of Calatrava, Spanish Orden Militar de Calatrava, major military and religious order in Spain. The order was originated in 1158 when King Sancho III of Castile ceded the fortress of Calatrava to Raymond, abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Fitero, with instructions to defend it against the Moors. The order of knights and monks who defended the fort was formally recognized by the pope in 1164, and it became closely affiliated with the Cistercian abbey of Morimond in 1187.


What happends if urine or alchol get into your eyes?
i want pink eye what wi;; hapend if urine or alchohol gets in to my eyes
Pink eye is when you have feces particles in your eye.
So. do that? ROFL.
umm if you put alcohol in yer eye you'll dance blind. spray perfume in yer eyes, it'll make em look like youu own pink eye xD
It would probably sting badly. Alcohol does when you catch it on your skin (I think) and urine has uric acid.
Related Questions:
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 - Diseases Conditions


bool OEMMFFAtomTypes(OEMolBase &mol)
Assigns MMFF94 integer atom type to atoms in passed molecule. Returns true when all atom types are successfully assigned.
The correct atom typing requires the following conditions:
 - The molecule has to have explicit hydrogens.
 - The molecule has to have (MMFF) aromaticity model.
We highly recommend assigning MMFF partial charges to a molecule by calling the OEAssignCharges function with the OEMMFF94Charges class of the Quacpac TK.


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1. What is the EndoPredict test?
EndoPredict is a test that predicts how likely breast cancer is to spread to somewhere else in the body (secondary breast cancer) within 10 years of diagnosis, in people who will be taking hormone therapy for at least 5 years.
2. Who is EndoPredict for?
The test is suitable for people recently diagnosed with early stage breast cancer that:
- Has not spread to the under the arm
- Is oestrogen receptor positive (ER-positive)
- Is HER2 negative (HER2-negative)
Sometimes the test may be considered for people whose breast cancer affects 1 to 3 lymph nodes under the arm.
The test is not suitable for people whose breast cancer is oestrogen receptor negative or HER2-positive.
3. Why is it used?
Benefits of chemotherapy for primary breast cancer
Your specialist may recommend the EndoPredict test to help decide if other treatments, particularly chemotherapy, are needed.
Chemotherapy may be given after surgery to reduce the risk of breast cancer coming back in future.
Whether you're offered chemotherapy depends on a number of features of your breast cancer. These include:
- The size and grade of the cancer
- Whether it has spread to any of the lymph nodes under the arm
- Whether the cancer is hormone receptor and HER2 positive or negative
For some people the benefit of chemotherapy is clear, but for others it's less clear.
4. How does it work?
Hormone (endocrine) therapy
The test is done on a small amount of breast cancer tissue already removed (for example during a or surgery). The tissue is sent to a laboratory, usually outside your local hospital and sometimes in Germany, where the test is carried out.
The test looks at groups of genes found in breast cancer and features of the breast cancer to produce a score.
The results are given separately from your pathology report and are sent to your specialist usually within 7 to 10 days.
If your specialist has recommended you have hormone therapy before surgery, the test must be done on the tissue removed by a core biopsy before you start hormone therapy.
5. EndoPredict score
The test gives a score, known as an EPclin Risk score, that is reported as either low or high risk.
Your specialist will use the score, along with other information about your breast cancer, to help decide what treatment to recommend.
A low risk score means it's unlikely the breast cancer will spread to somewhere else in the body in the next 10 years.
Most people with a low risk score will not need chemotherapy.
A high risk score means it's more likely the breast cancer will spread to somewhere else in the body in the next 10 years.
Chemotherapy is recommended for most people with a high risk score.
6. Availability and cost
If EndoPredict is suitable for you, it's usually available on the NHS across the UK.
Most private healthcare companies will also cover the cost of the test.
You can also pay for the test yourself, but your treatment team will need to order the test for you and will be sent the results to discuss with you. It costs around £1,500.


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This article is written at a definitional level only. Authors wishing to improve this entry are inivited to expand the present treatment, which additions will be peer reviewed prior to publication of any expansion.
The Aland Sea and the Aland Archipelago, at the east of the sea, occupy a strategic position at the mouth of the Gulf of Bothnia; however, the Aland Archipelago is an autonomous demilitarised part of Finland.
Earliest of evidence of human habitation on the perimeter of the Aland Sea was on the Aland islands, dated to approximately 6000 years before present.
The Åland Archipelago comprises somewhat less than 300 habitable islands, of which only approximately 80 are actually inhabited; the remainder of the archipelago topographic features are around 6400 large rocks or skerries. The Aland Archipelago is approximately 38 to 40 kilometers from the Swedish mainland; thus that is the effective width of the Aland Sea.
The Aland Islands of Orrdalsklint and Långbergen in Saltvik represent the highest topographic points in the Aland Archipelago, but these elements only began to emerge above the sea near the beginning of the Holocene.
The earliest evidence of Homo sapiens on the archipelago is linked to the Comb-Ceramic Culture dating to an era of about 6000 years before present (BP). These dates are somewhat later than man was evident in mesolithic cultures on the island of Oland (notably at Alby on the east coast of Oland), somewhat further to the south in the Baltic Sea. Approximately 4500 years BP pitted ware artifacts started appearing in Åland. From around 3800 BP, elements of the Kiukainen culture become evident.
- C.Michael Hogan. 2006. Prehistory of the Alby people, Oland, Sweden. Lumina Technologies.
- Pauli Virrankoski. 2001. Suomen historia. Ensimmäinen osa. SKS..
- Marek Zvelebil. 2004. Pitted Ware and related cultures of Neolithic Northern Europe, in P. Bogucki and P.J. Crabtree (eds.), Ancient Europe 8000 BC–AD 1000: Encyclopaedia of the Barbarian World, Vol. I The Mesolithic to Copper Age (c. 8000-2000 B.C.)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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May 24, 2002 Lonely people have a greater risk of heart disease, possibly due to differences in how their cardiovascular system reacts in times of stress rather than because of unhealthy behaviors, according to a new study published in the May/June issue of Psychosomatic Medicine. The study shows that when performing mentally and emotionally stressful tasks, lonely college students had increased blood pressure due to increased resistance to blood flow that may be harmful in the long run. In contrast, non-lonely students had increased blood pressure from increased cardiac output, a more normal response to stress.
The lonely students had resistance to blood flow before the stressors too, suggesting that these cardiovascular differences were pervasive.
In a parallel study of older subjects, systolic blood pressure rose with age in lonely men and women while it remained more stable in men and women who were not lonely.
"Differences in the [mechanisms of blood flow] observed throughout the session in younger adults may contribute to elevated blood pressure across time in lonely adults," says John T. Cacioppo, Ph.D., of the University of Chicago.
Both chronically high blood pressure and vascular resistance have been linked to increased risks of heart disease.
The study also showed that lonely people were no different from the non-lonely in terms of behavioral risk factors such as drinking, smoking, diet and compliance with medical treatments. The authors suggest that this may mean researchers need to look elsewhere to understand the apparent increased risk of disease in the lonely.
For instance, Cacioppo and colleagues found that although lonely individuals slept as many hours as non-lonely individuals, sleep for the lonely was less restorative. They suggest that restorative behaviors in generally may be less effective in lonely than non-lonely individuals.
The first study included 45 male and 44 female undergraduate students from Ohio State University. They were given a questionnaire on loneliness and monitored during one task involving mental arithmetic and one task involving writing and giving a speech to defend themselves against a false accusation of stealing.
Blood pressure before and during these stress-inducing tasks rose similarly for both the lonely and non-lonely students. However, lonely students had significantly higher vascular resistance and lower cardiac output than non-lonely students did.
"Previous research has shown that passive coping is associated with elevated [blood pressure] due to vascular resistance, whereas active coping is associated with elevated [blood pressure] due to increases in [cardiac output]," the authors say. "The parallels between these findings are suggestive in light of recent evidence that lonely individuals are less likely throughout the day to actively cope and more likely to feel anxious and threatened than non-lonely individuals."
The second study recruited six men and 19 women, ages 53 to 78, from the community. All of the subjects were generally healthy for their age. The subjects were administered the loneliness questionnaire as well as several medical tests to assess their blood pressure and other clinical measures.
Among the subjects who were deemed lonely, blood pressure was significantly higher in the older half of the group than the younger half. In those who were not lonely, blood pressure was similar across the age range of the group.
These find corroborates the findings from the first study and suggests loneliness is a relatively stable characteristic across the ages, the authors say.
"Lonely individuals tend to perceive their social world as less reinforcing and more threatening generally than non-lonely individuals," Seeman says.
The study was funded by grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Center For The Advancement Of Health.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
Gerçek Zamanlı Erişim Haritası
Crystallization kinetics and affecting parameters on polycaprolactone composites with inorganic and organic additives
MetadataTüm öğe kaydını göster
The isothermal crystallization and mechanical behavior of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) composites with organic (oleic acid and glycerol monooleate) and inorganic (zinc oxide, organoclay, and hydroxy apatite) additives used alone or simultaneously were investigated. The effect of all additives on the degree of crystallinity percentage (DOC%), isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters, and mechanical test results of PCL composites was studied. The PCL composite films were prepared by solvent casting by using dichloromethane as the solvent. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests. DSC of the first melting and X-ray diffraction DOC% results (for composites by solvent casting) are compatible. The values by DSC of the second melting (for composites by extrusion method) are lower. Organoclay gives the highest crystallinity among the other inorganic additives used. Small amounts of inorganic additives act as a nucleating agent and increase the crystallinity; the higher amounts decrease. The organic additives act as the plasticizer. When used alone, it lowers the crystallinity, but when used with inorganic additives, it improves the dispersion of inorganic particles in the polymer matrix. The isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters by Avrami analysis showed that crystallization was controlled by nucleation and the crystals had spherical structure. The nucleation type changed between thermal and athermal nucleation. The Pukanzky model interaction parameter B indicated that the organic additives improved the dispersion of inorganic particles in the polymer matrix. Statistically significant, eight correlations (F>6) were obtained for the crystallinity, crystallization parameters, Young's modulus, and tensile strength as a function of concentration of additives.


text: On Tuesday 19 March, Year 3 and 4 students set off to Currawong Bush Park to participate in a whole day of activities focussing on sustainability and the environment. The students were thoroughly engaged as they rotated around four workshops that explored the concepts of recycling, biodiversity, ecology and environmental leadership. "I learnt about recycling," said Rhys 9, "About what goes in each bin and how it gets recycled by being chopped up into little bits and then is turned into more plastic." Sophie 8, and Samuel 9, were amazed that milk bottles are recycled to create toilet seats, and that it takes 1000 years for a glass jar to decompose. Gemma 9, loved seeing all of the Australian animals such as pythons, frogs and bats. The students had a fabulous time at the excursion, their responses when back at school clearly showing their engagement and enjoyment during the day.


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It is desirable to describe populations by age structure in that this provides running quantitative indices of both recruitment and mortality. Unlike the vast majority of bivalves oysters do not have typical symmetry in their growth form, indeed the aggregated growth in reefs generally insures a variety of final growth shapes. Signature growth increments in the shell matrix, as seen in sections of the shell and/or hinge, are also variable and require care in interpretation. The approach employed herein uses predominantly demographic analysis bolstered by very large n values. It is, notably, in agreement with blind testing using both growth signature and isotope analysis (for discussion see Harding et al., 2008, 2010b).
As an historical note, demographic plots prepared for each year in the _PHONE_ period for each reef surveyed in the James River for both live oysters and boxes using 5 mm bins provided limited guidance on age versus length relationships. Distinct year classes of live oysters that could be followed for a minimum of three years were rare in these plots. The period of recruitment to the benthos (also commonly termed spatfall) in the James results in a broad size range within each year class such that interannual junctions are not distinct with a 5 mm size bin. Data for 2004 –2006 were, as mentioned earlier, available in 1 mm size bins. All data for these years for reefs with densities exceeding 100 oysters m-2 are in close proximity to each other and were aggregated on a single size frequency plot with 2 mm bins. The individual cohorts (not year classes, there being one or more cohorts in a single year class) were identified by the method of Bhattacharya (1967). The range and modal length of each cohort was identified by counting cohorts and relating the cohort settlement dates to long term recruitment patterns developed from annual spatfall reports for the James River over the study period (annual reports by Southworth et al), The cohorts were thus assigned to years and a linear age at length relationship fit to the data (y = mx + c). The fit for James River observations (Mann et al 2009b, Figure 6) is:
y = 30.22 + 21.6x; R2 = 0.93, n> 22,000
Using a July 1 birth date and noting that current data is for a fall survey then lengths on November 1 represent ages of 0.33, 1.33, and so on with annual increments, although for clarity throughout this text these are referred to as age classes 0 (= YOY = spat), 1, 2, 3 and >3 year olds. Corresponding lengths are 37.3 mm at 0 y, 58.9 mm at 1 y, 80.5 mm at 2 y, 102.1 mm at 3 y and 123.7 mm at 4 y. This age at length model was used to recast the length demographic as an age demographic and to estimate age specific mortality. Mann et al. (2009b) argue that a linear age versus length fit is appropriate for early years given the life expectancy of an oyster (10-15 years in undisturbed populations, Powell and Cummings 1985), the previously mentioned plastic form and the lack of adherence to isodiametric form with allometric b values generally nearer 2 than 3 (including those presented above). James River oysters are also distinctively long and thin rather than typically cupped in shape – they have been locally described as "pencils". Such a form approximates to a tube rather than a sphere, again allowing for a linear fit. The adoption of an age-at-length plot using the von Bertalanffy (1938) model is not considered appropriate for these oysters. In addition to the linear (best fit) model for James River data a quadratic length versus age descriptor was developed for oysters in the Great Wicomico River by Southworth et al. (2010) and the Piankatank River by Harding et al. (2010). In both instances the quadratic fit gave a higher R2 value than the linear fit. Unlike the James River oysters, individuals collected from both the Great Wicomico River and the Piankatank River tend to be more cup shaped (not "pencils") and a non-linear age versus length fit is supported. The quadratic fit is of the form SL = a*(Age)2 + b*(Age) + c.
For the Great Wicomico River: included years are 2003-2009. Values of a, b and c are as follows: a =-3.76, b = 38.077, c = 8.51. The corresponding SL values are 17.5 mm at 0 y, 52.1 mm at 1 y, 75.4 mm at 2 y, 87.4 mm at 3 y, 98.3 mm at 4 y.
For the Piankatank River: included years are 2003-2009. Values of a, b and c are as follows: a =-2.947, b = 32.6565, c = 14.456. Corresponding lengths are 24.9 mm at 0 y, 52.7 mm at 1 y, 74.5 mm at 2 y, 90.5 mm at 3 y, 100.4 mm at 4 y.
The age at length estimates for the Great Wicomico and Piankatank Rivers are slightly lower than those for the James River linear fit. Caution is required when extrapolating these fits in that the very nature of linear and quadratic fits are that they will diverge with increasing age. In this report the river specific fits are used to estimate age structure from demographic data for only those specific locations except when otherwise stated. We have not yet developed age at length estimators for the Rappahannock River, and Pocomoke and Tangier Sounds.


Toy Insider's Chief Toy Officer Laurie Schacht joined NBC Nightly News for Kids to show off some great Father's Day gift ideas that kids can make themselves. For more, check out the notes below. To learn more about the season's best new toys, be sure to check out Toy Insider's Spring and Summer Toy Guide.
Father's Day Tic Tac Toe
Dad will love playing this game after you've created it just for him!
 - Materials: Acrylic Pain, Fabric Markers, Canvas Bag, Paint Brushes, RocksSteps
 1. Gather 10 rocks and divide them into 2 equal groups.
 2. Using paint and paint brush, decorate each group with a different mark or design to symbolize X's and O's. Dry 1–2 hours.
 3. Draw, color, and write a Father's Day message on canvas bag with fabric markers.
 4. Put the rocks in the bag, give to dad on his special day, and play! I love that you can also take this out with you. This was a favorite game my dad and I would play!
Idea sourced from
Father's Day Upcycled Record Coasters
Show Dad he's an oldie but a goodie this year for Father's Day!
 - Materials: Adhesive Craft Foam, acrylic paint, a paintbrush, a pencil/pen, four CDs, scissorsSteps:
 1. Paint the top of the CD Black.
 2. Trace the CD onto the back of adhesive craft foam. Draw a smaller circle around the inside using something around the house, or just wing it!
 3. Cut out both foam circles. Be sure to keep both circles intact, both pieces are needed.
 4. Peel & stick the large adhesive circle to the back of the CD, then stick the small circle to the middle of the front of the CD.
 5. Create the steps above to create a set of record coasters!
 6. Paint and decorate each coaster with phrases of appreciation for dad to show him some love!
Idea sourced from
Father's Day Popcorn Pom Craft
There's No Butter Pop Than You!
 - Materials: Canvas, acrylic paints, yellow poms, rainbow poms, adhesive craft foam, a paintbrush, yarn poms (yellow), craft glue or hot glue (adult supervision recommended), a pencil, a ruler, scissors.Steps:
 1. Paint the canvas blue.
 2. To create the shape of the popcorn box, use a ruler to create a diagonal line from the top corner of the adhesive foam sheet, about an inch away from the side edges on the bottom of the foam sheet.
 3. Cut along the diagonal lines.
 4. Peel and stick the popcorn box to the middle of the canvas. Be sure to leave enough room to paint your phrase.
 5. Glue assorted sizes and textures of craft pom to the top of the popcorn box.
 6. Write out "There's No Butter Pop Than You!" Be sure the word POP Is written in the middle of the popcorn box.
 7. Outline the words with acrylic paint to make them POP!
Idea sourced from


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I don't really understand what these two questions are asking. Nor do I know how to start it.
1) Describe in words the region of $\mathbb {R}^3$ represented by: $x^2 + z^2 \le 9$.
2) Write an inequality to describe: The solid upper hemisphere of the sphere of radius 2 centered at the origin.
Can some please explain what I am supposed to do here? Thanks in advance.
share|improve this question
For $1$, the region of space satisfying that inequality will look like a familiar shape. Can you figure out what shape? – Alex Becker Aug 25 '12 at 23:51
Depends on which way is up. They probably mean that up is $z\ge 0$. – André Nicolas Aug 25 '12 at 23:59
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
For question no. $1$, notice that if we plot $x^2+z^2 \le 9$ in $\mathbb R^2$, we get a filled circle of radius $3$. Add another axis, and what happens? For example, a plate is a circle, but what 3d shape is made when plates are stacked?
For question no. $2$, recall that an (empty, i.e. not solid) sphere of radius $r$ has the equation $x^2+y^2+z^2=r^2$. Noting that the radius is $3$, we have $x^2+y^2+z^2=9$. How do we now make this sphere filled? Look at what was done in question $1$ to make a filled circle.
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I'm sorry. Could you explain this a little more. I'm still kind of lost with this problem. – Avalon-96 Aug 29 '12 at 0:04
_USER_-96 Edited. Is it still unclear? – Argon Aug 29 '12 at 0:35
Ah, yes, that makes more sense. Thank you. – Avalon-96 Aug 29 '12 at 1:40
Your Answer


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To start, let us recall the basics of the power of two choices, or multiple-choice hashing. In the standard setting, we are hashing n elements into a hash table with n buckets. Normally, we would hash each item once to determine its bucket; this gives a maximum load, or largest number of elements in any bucket, of about log n / log log n. (All the results I state hold with high probability, so I'll avoid repeating the phrase.) Suppose instead we use two hash functions, giving two choices of locations for each element. Elements are sequentially placed in the least loaded of their two buckets. When we do a lookup, we'll now have to look in two places for the item. In return, the maximum load now falls to about log log n / log 2 -- we've got an extra log in there! (With d > 2 choices, the maximum load would be log log n / log d, just a constant factor better than d = 2.) Results of this type are due to Azar, Broder, Karlin, and Upfal, in their paper Balanced Allocations. (There was some earlier work with a similar result by Karp, Luby, and Meyer auf der Heide.)
In the course of these results, the question arose as to whether one could do better if placing the elements offline. That is, if you had all n elements and their hashes in advance, could you place each element in one of their bucket choices and achieve a better load than the O(log log n) obtained by the sequential placement? The answer turns out to be yes. The best placement only has a constant maximum load. Another way to think of this is to say that if we place the elements sequentially, but retain the power to move them later, as long as each element ends up at one of its bucket choices, we could get down to constant maximum load.
The idea of cuckoo hashing is that such movements can actually be done online quite efficiently. Cuckoo hashing is, essentially, multiple-choice hashing plus moves, and it appears very effective. Let us consider an extreme case, analyzed in the original Cuckoo Hashing paper by Pagh and Rodler. (If my description is unsatisfactory, there is a good explanation already on Wikipedia!) Each bucket can contain just 1 item, and we will have n buckets, split into two subtables of size n/2. Each element has one choice of bucket in each subtable, where the choices are given by independent hash functions. Each hashed element resides at one of its two choices. A lookup therefore always requires at most two accesses into the hash table.
What to do, however, on an insertion -- what if both spaces for an item are already full? When we insert a new item, we put it in the first subtable. If another item is already there, we kick it out, and make it move to the second subtable. If another item is already there, we kick it out, and make it move back to the first table, and so on. This is where the name cuckoo hashing comes from; as the Wikipedia article says,
The name derives from the behavior of some species of cuckoo, where the mother bird pushes eggs out of another bird's nest to lay her own.Pagh and Rodler prove that if the number of elements inserted is at most (1/2 - epsilon)n for some constant epsilon, then this process finishes in constant expected time! In other words, one can achieve memory utilization of up to 50 percent of capacity, with guaranteed constant lookup time and average constant insertion time.
Further variants significantly improve the memory utilization that can be achieved. Specifically, allowing more than two choices of location helps (more choices of where to go), as does having more than one item per bucket (more choices of what to move). Memory utilization of over 90 percent is easily possible in practice. This paper and this one have more information.
That summarizes the theoretical background, and hopefully convinces you that the idea of cuckoo hashing is a good one. In the next post, we'll look at why you might want to implement cuckoo hashing in hardware, and what obstacles lie therein.


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Volume 22, Issue 2-3, June 2018
POST-SOVIET RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOODS IN TWO SECOND-ORDER UKRAINIAN CITIES: FACTORS AND MODELS OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Oleksiy Gnatiuk, Olga Kryvets
Abstract: Post-socialist urban transformation constitutes an important segment of the contemporary urban studies. In this paper we focused on transformation processes in two typical post-Soviet residential neighbourhoods, built in the period of mass construction in the second half of XX century and located in the Ukrainian cities of Vinnytsia and Kherson. Our goals were to reveal the spatial and temporal transformation patterns, to identify the factors of transformation, and to delineate certain transformation mechanisms and models. The assessment of morphological and functional changes of urban objects was carried out via feld observation according to a specially developed methodology with the further comparison of results with urban planning documents reﬂecting the reality in the beginning of 1990s. Our fndings permitted to identify key transformation processes (deindustrialization, commercialization, revitalization, functional diversifcation), to list a set of factors promoting more intense transformations, and to explain mechanisms defning existing spatial pattern of transformations within the test neighbourhoods. Private commercial activity, including rapid development of retail sector, was the main source of transformation, thus defning its partial, fragmented and somewhere controversial nature. Since the probability of further transformation in each point of the territory is determined by the already existing pattern, the existing heterogeneities tend to enhance with a lapse of time, and therefore the initial stages of transformation are especially important for the further development of the neighbourhood. Despite the similar starting conditions, two neighbourhoods demonstrated different outcomes in terms of modernization, explained by the differences in the urban spatial structure, spatial and sectorial structure of industrial zones, position (importance) of the neighbourhood in the whole city, as well as the economic dynamics of the city. Based on detected factors and mechanisms, we proposed models for further transformation intended to maximize the level of modernization within the entire test neighbourhoods.
Keywords: post-socialist city, post-Soviet residential neighbourhood, spatial transformation, transformation factors, transformation models, Ukraine
Article info: 104-119
Received: Received: February 26, 2018 | Revised: May 07, 2018 | Accepted: May 09, 2018


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An accurate identification of anatomical cardiac features allows more robust and accurate functional and structural analysis of the heart. Hence, anatomical landmark points are obviously essential for an automated cardiac MRI segmentation method. In this challenge, we focus on automatic landmark point detection method, which is particularly necessary for building a 3D LV model. These landmark points include mitral valve points, right ventricular (RV) insert points and base-to-apex central axis points.
Mitral valve points
Mitral valve separates the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). When the mitral valve opens, oxygenated blood flows from LA to LV. The mitral valve closes during systole (contraction), which forces the blood to exit to the aorta via the aortic valve.
In MRI, the mitral valve is clearly shown in long axis view, because this view shows both LA and LV. Two end points of the mitral valve define the mitral valve points. A line connecting the mitral valve points is usually referred as the base plane, which defines the border of LV at base. The base plane is crucial because it affects the LV volume measurement.
During cardiac cycle, the position of mitral valve points oscillates following the base plane longitudinal shifting due to breathing. Your task is to detect the mitral valve points only at end-diastolic (ED) frame from long axis view images. The movie above shows a tracking of the mitral valve points from ED, but this tracking process was performed with an automated method, and thus cannot be considered as the ground truth.
RV insert points
Two intersections between LV and right ventricle (RV) in short-axis view images define the septum. These intersections are usually marked as RV insert points (see figure above). The RV insert points are also important for 3D cardiac modeling, particularly for biventricular models. These points are also used as important landmarks to determine regional myocardial segments, as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA).
In this challenge, we ask participants to define RV insert points only at one particular frame (usually at End-Diastole) on multiple short-axis image slice images. DICOM image filenames of these specific frame and slices of short-axis MRI are pre-defined in the annotation files.
Base-to-apex central axis points
Base and apex central axis points are not actual anatomical landmarks, but they are essential to define the LV central axis for 3D LV models, as well as for the AHA regional segments. For each patient study, one central point at a basal slice and one central point at apical slice are needed. Both are defined at the middle of the LV cavity on short-axis MRI.
Similar to RV insert points, we pre-defined the two DICOM image files for the basal and apical slices.


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Architecture and Surrealism
- ÜRÜNÜN BULUNDUĞU ŞUBELERİMİZ
A pioneering major survey on the rich relationship between the imagery and concepts of Surrealist art and the architecture of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries
In a world where "smart" objects can talk to each other and a gun can be printed with a desktop 3D printer, the conditions for contemporary design are nothing if not surreal. The long-standing interaction between architecture and Surrealism is being reinvigorated by the new technology that makes the protocols and concepts of otherworldly Surrealism more relevant to architects than the dogmas of architectural modernism. This book charts the development of this fertile relationship, revealing how Surrealist ideas are being put to use by contemporary architects in extraordinary ways.
Architecture and Surrealism opens with an introduction on the precursors of Surrealism in the Baroque and Rococo periods, moving into the twentieth century through the Symbolists and Dadaists. The four main chapters present the interplay between architecture and Surrealism through the key concepts of the body, the interior space, the house, alternative realities, and the environment. In an era of wearable technology and big data, the fascinating possibilities for new worlds, new buildings, and new spaces are creating the most exciting futures for contemporary architects. Written by Neil Spiller, a leading academic and architect known for his own Surrealist-influenced work, this book is a breathtaking resource of spatial ideas and visionary buildings for architects, students, lovers of Surrealism, and all creative types.250+ illustrations


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Quota costs, billing, and limits usage is billed by org memory quota.
The cost is $130 per GB of memory reserved per month, with no limit except the quota you set.
You set your memory quota in advance. This helps you control the maximum amount that your team will spend, and helps us avoid over-provisioning resources that won't be used.
(Sandboxes offer resource usage for free, but it is capped at 1 GB of RAM.)
Quotas are associated with and billed to a project IAA number or equivalent billing tag. Quotas are billed by the amount of memory reserved and tallied monthly.
What quotas limit
Quotas provide a not-to-exceed reservation of memory, which you set at the amount appropriate to your usage. In the underlying technical system, quotas also limit number of application routes and service instances, but you can request an expansion of those limits at any time.
Quotas limit the following resources:
If a new application push would exceed your organization's quota, the request will fail with status code 400 and a message that describes the limit that would be exceeded.
Creating app APPLICATION in org ORG / space SPACE as USER… FAILED Server error, status code: 400, error code: 100007, message: You have exceeded the instance memory limit for your organization's quota.
In this situation you have three options:
 1. Delete existing resources with cf delete, delete-service, delete-route or similar.
 2. Reconfigure individual existing application quotas and redeploy.
 3. Request a quota change by asking support. You can request an increase in number of routes or service instances with no cost impact. Increasing memory quota changes your costs (as described above).


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Articles Tagged With "Dad"
There are 12 articles tagged with "Dad".
- Daddy Does It Parenting tips for the man of the house.
- Dads in Progress Insight on being a father today.
- Fatherhood Learning life's greatest lessons of parenting.
- Now What? A parent's role after an ADHD diagnosis.
- Parenting Pointers Advice for new moms and dads.
- Steve Sanders & Sharknado Daddy of the Year talks family and fatherhood.
- The Father-Child Connection Building bonds even when work calls.
- The World's Strongest Dad Walking the top rope between dedicated performer and parent.
- Ultimate Dad Checklist Ten things to embrace fatherhood like an expert.
- We're All in This Together Connecting as a family to protect our planet.
- Where Did the Days Go!? Time management for moms.
- Your Child's Playroom Designing the space to foster learning and development.


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Gozde Corekcioglu, Marco Francesconi, Astrid Kunze
Generous government-mandated parental leave is generally viewed as an effective policy to support women's careers around childbirth. But does it help women to reach top positions in the upper pay echelon of their firms? Using longitudinal employer–employee matched data for the entire Norwegian population, we address this question exploiting a series of reforms that expanded paid leave from 30 weeks in 1989 to 52 weeks in 1993. The representation of women in top positions has only modera…
scite is a Brooklyn-based startup that helps researchers better discover and evaluate scientific articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by researchers from dozens of countries and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.


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Junior Medical Writer - Healthcare Communications Agency
A rare Junior Medical Writing opportunity has arisen within a successful London-based healthcare advertising agency, part of a global network.
To produce medical copy of the highest standards under the direction of the Editorial Director and other members of the Medical Writing team. Working across the agency's healthcare brands & projects for a variety of clients. The role principally involves medical writing, referencing, editing and proof-checking jobs from brief to delivery, across a range of touchpoints.
An undergraduate degree in life sciences is a minimum requirement. A keen interest in writing is mandatory. Some knowledge of writing and/or examples of written work is preferable. Familiarity with Word, Excel Powerpoint etc is expected.
You will need to show:
- A willingness to learn how to write accurate, compelling and engaging copy, whatever the audience
- Attention to detail, with an eye for editorial consistency and spelling/grammatical accuracy
- Scientific integrity and supportability for all communication generated
- Initiative to research ideas e.g. review new therapy areas/technologies & write overviews
- Structured thinking, in order communicate complex ideas and to craft logical stories clearly
- An ability to work independently and collaboratively as part of a team
- An ability to organise and plan your work to meet agreed deadlines
- Excellent interpersonal and communication skills - both verbal and written
You will be expected to:
- Understand and simplify complex scientific information, presenting it in a clear and appropriate way for specific target audiences
- Be able to effectively source scientific information online and become familiar with key clinical papers for specific brands in order to accurately reference everything you write
- Use client approval systems e.g. Zinc to load and mark-up references accurately
- Work effectively in partnership with other agency members to exceed clients' expectations
- Attend internal meetings & present work internally. Occasionally attend client meetings and teleconferences if required
- Assist in providing general scientific insight for new business pitches and proposals
- Develop a good working knowledge of pharma regulations e.g. ABPI, EFPIA
The agency is offering a competitive salary and excellent benefits.
If this role summary appeals and you'd like to find out more about the agency and what they do, then please get in touch with your cv and a brief covering note outlining your suitability.


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As I am writing this, we are part way through the process of making new releases of the D-Cubed Components. The 2D products (2D DCM, PGM) have just been shipped and the 3D products (3D DCM, AEM, CDM, HLM) will follow soon. In these releases, 2D DCM and 3D DCM have both been extended to add direct support for new types of geometry.
Full details of all the enhancements will be announced in due course, but in this post I would like to talk in more general terms about why it is important for geometric constraint solvers to support a wide range of geometry types.
For many years, the 2D DCM and 3D DCM have included ways to represent the geometry types found in most CAD models even when no direct support is available. There are two methods that can be used to do this. Firstly, there is support for NURBS curves and surfaces which can be used to represent many types of geometries. Secondly, there is support for general parametric curves and surfaces, where the DCM will call evaluator functions provided by the application in order to get position and derivative information.
These features are very powerful, but over time direct support for many extra geometry types has been added to the D-Cubed products. The main driver for this has been the growing use of parametric design and variational modelling methods, including direct modelling, and the desire to get the optimum results with a wider range of model data.
So, what are the advantages for users and application developers of direct support for specific geometry types in the D-Cubed geometric constraint solvers? This is what I think are the most important benefits:
The overall message is clear – in the field of constraint solving, special-case methods which rely on a knowledge of the geometry types are preferable to generic methods. The generic representations have their place, but CAD models are usually dominated by geometry of known types. The more the software understands about these, the better able it will be to give users the results they want.
In future posts I'll talk about the specific new geometry types which have been added to the 2D DCM and 3D DCM, and the benefits that these bring to users.
Follow these topics: General


The Coming of the King (15+)
Selkie's Gift Trilogy - Book 3
By Mara Li
De komst van de koning.jpg
Mara Li (1987) gets her inspiration from mythology and folk tales all over the world. Her first novel, The Voice of the Sea (first vol. in trilogy) was nominated for the prestigious Harland Award for Best Dutch Fantasy novel in 2015
What if King Arthur had lived in a Dystopian Future?
A unique YA trilogy with a blend of mythology and dystopia
Follow the story of young King Arthur through the eyes of his sister Nimue, and let yourself be taken to a post-apocalyptic Europe full of magic and mythology.
Arthur and Nimue live with their grandmother and only know about their mother through stories. This changes when Nimue finds an old diary in the attic that used to belong to Rona, their mother. When their village is destroyed by a storm and their grandmother passes away, the two siblings set out to find their mother with the diary as a guideline. Where has Rona disappeared to?
During their trek through a grim and disease-infected Europe, Nimue is plagues by visions of a specter shrouded in mist, watching their every step. Why is he following them - and what is the connection between Arthur and the Spirit World.
'This is a wonderfully conceived dystopian novel with a believable cause and well thought-out repercussions.' - Eric Klein - sci-fi author
Additional Information :
Published 2018 (Dutch/Dutch Venture Publishing) - ISBN: 9781386758082
- 300 pages (120.000 wrds) - Paperback
World Rights Available (Excl. Dutch)


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The great Cunard Liner – the RMS Queen Mary – the most famous of them all!
HISTORY OF THE CUNARD LINE
Cunard Line is the gold standard for transatlantic ocean liner cruising. Cunard's current success rests upon a rich heritage of 170 years of building and operating ocean liners on transatlantic voyages. From its earliest days, the Cunard name has been synonymous with leadership in ocean liners and transatlantic travel, a tradition that continues to this day.
As its current company tag-line conveys, throughout history, Cunard has operated "The Most Famous Ocean Liners in the World™." The first company to take passengers on regularly scheduled transatlantic departures, Cunard has built and continuously reinforced a reputation as an ocean liner pioneer. Today, it remains a transatlantic cruise leader, operating the world-famous Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary 2 vessels.
Founder: Sir Samuel Cunard
Canadian entrepreneur Sir Samuel Cunard (_PHONE_) founded the British and North American Steam Packet Company (later named Cunard Line) in 1839, when he and several colleagues won a bid to carry the British Royal Mail to the U.S. and Canada. Cunard, who had a reputation for being a savvy and diplomatic businessman, was inducted into the American Society of Travel Agents Travel Hall of Fame for his role in helping to develop transatlantic travel.
The Evolution of Cruising
In 1840, Cunard Line introduced four steamships making weekly transatlantic voyages with passengers and cargo. By 1881, the company introduced its first ocean liner intended solely for passenger travel. In the late 1940s, the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth began transatlantic voyages and in 1949, Cunard introduced the first vessel akin to modern cruise ships. By the 1950s, Cunard had 12 ocean liners in service. In the following decades, Cunard continued to add features and enhance the luxury of its liners, leading to today's top-of-the-line cruising experience.
Cunard built its legacy in part through many famous firsts. For example, in 1881, Cunard introduced the first ship to be lighted by electricity. Cunard's Mauretania, in 1907, was the first ship to offer multiroom suites. In 1934, the Queen Mary became the first merchant ship to be launched by a member of the Royal family. And the Queen Elizabeth 2 was the first (and still is the only) ship to sail 5 million nautical miles.
Queen Mary 2 sails into San Francisco.
Cunard has continued to build upon its history of excellence into recent times. In 2003, the Queen Elizabeth 2 won a maritime Oscar above all other vessels in the large-ship category. In early 2009, tickets for the Queen Elizabeth's October 2010 maiden voyage sold out in a record 29 minutes—beating the Cunard's previous sellout record of 36 minutes for the Queen Elizabeth 2′s final voyage. Cunard continues to draw passengers with its strong reputation and growing array of on-board luxuries, such as Canyon Ranch Spas and five-star restaurants.
Highlights of a few great Cunard fleet of Ocean Liners from the past:
Debuting in 1948, the Caronia was one of the first Cunarders to be built with cruising in mind from the start. From the start, she was very popular and profitable for most of her eighteen years. She was popularly known as the "Green Goddess" because, for a time, she was painted four different pale shades of this colour, which did not include her traditional red-and-black funnel (incidentally, the Carmania also wore this colour scheme for a time).
Becoming too expensive to operate, she ended Cunard service in 1967. After a series of ill-fated operators and name changes, she was on her way to the breakers in Taiwan when she ran aground and broke up at Guam in the summer of 1974.
CARINTHIA, IVERNIA, FRANCONIA, SAXONIA and the SYLVANIA
These four ships were built in the 50′s for the Cunard Canadian service. Each was 608 feet long and drew 21,947 GRT when built. By 1962, the Carinthia was the only one of the four remaining on the route. In 1968, both the Carinthia and the Sylvania were sold to the Italian line SITMAR and renamed first Fairland then Fairsea (Carinthia) and Fairwind (Sylvania). Both were extensively modernised. The Fairsea had another major refit in 1984, including the replacement of the public rooms on the boat deck. When SITMAR was bought by P&O in 1988, the ships returned to British hands. The Carinthia/Fairsea became known as the the Fair Princess and the Sylvania was renamed Dawn Princess.
The Dawn Princess was later sold to went to a German company and is now the Albatros, while the Fair Princess replaced the Fairstar in year-round budget cruises for the Australian market. She was sold again, this time to Asian interests, and is now known as the China Sea Discoverer.
The other two ships, the Ivernia and Saxonia were renamed in the 'sixties, the Ivernia became the Franconia, and the Saxonia became the Carmania. Both were painted in Caronia green. They continued to cruise with Cunard until 1972, when they were both sold to Russian interests. The Franconia was renamed Fedor Shalyapin and the the Carmania became the Leonid Sobinov. After some years of cruising to Australia, both were laid up. The Leonid Sobinov was broken up in India in 1999.


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n. Called granité in France and granita in Italy, an ice is a frozen mixture of water, sugar and liquid flavoring such as fruit juice, wine or coffee. The proportion is usually 4 parts liquid to 1 part sugar. During the freezing process, ices are generally stirred frequently to produce a slightly granular final texture. ice v.1. To chill a food, glass or serving dish in order to get it icy cold and sometimes coated with frost. 2. To spread frosting over the surface of a cake.
From The Food Lover's Companion, Fourth edition by Sharon Tyler Herbst and Ron Herbst. Copyright © 2007, 2001, 1995, 1990 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
Sundaes are guaranteed crowd-pleasers. That's because something wonderful happens when the satiny sauce meets a scoop of cold, creamy ice cream.


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Already created an invoice and made a mistake in the pricing, updated the info of the customer, chosen the wrong layout or forgot to add certain articles? In this article you can read about how to edit your invoice. Mistakes on your invoice can be avoided that way, because every penny counts!
To edit your invoice contents:
- Click on the invoice in question.
- Click on the pencil next to the Contents of your invoice
- A screen will pop up in which you can change the layout, add new articles or subtitles, adjust pricing or add a description to your articles. Then you simply hit Save.
For already booked invoices you will need to change the layout here:
Note that when you changed something in your layout under Settings > Document Layout and uploaded a new template, your existing invoices will still have the old layout. If you want to change it, you will need to regenerate the pdf of your invoice to ensure that all changes are implemented. Click on the pencil next to 'Contents' and click on Save.
If you edited the information of your customer on contact or company level (e.g. an address or VAT change) the layout of your booked invoice will still display the old customer information. To update the customer info follow these steps:
- Click on the arrow next to Info and choose Change customer
- Retype the name of the customer
- Save the invoice
- Regenerate the pdf of your invoice to ensure that all changes are implemented. Click on the pencil next to 'Contents' and click on Save. This way the updated pdf will be generated.


Information for Paper ID 7084
Paper Information:
Paper Title: Configuration Conundrum: Managing Test Configuration With a Bite Sized Solution
Affiliation Type: Industry
Keywords: Verification, Constraints, Randomization, Configuration, Testbench, UVC
Abstract: Each desired customization is captured as one or more constraints in a very small class known as a "policy class". Our paper will show the straightforward steps needed to adapt a configuration class to support policies, to create a policy base class that works correctly with the configuration class, and to write new policy classes as required by the application. Once this has been done, applying a customization is easy: add it to a list of policies within the object being constrained. In this way, customizations can be neatly encapsulated, given descriptive names, and applied or removed easily at runtime.
Track ID: 1.1
Track Name: Advanced methodologies and testbenches
Final Decision: Accept as Lecture
Session Name: Verification Languages (Lecture)
Author Questions:
Confirmed: Yes


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In this practice session you will change a Word document to make it more accessible. You will use several of the tips that have been discussed in the lessons including turning dense paragraphs into bulleted lists, using white space, and changing animated text.
About the practice session
When you click Practice in Word, a practice document will download to your computer and open in Word, and a separate window with practice instructions will appear alongside (see picture).
Note You need to have Word 2003 installed on your computer.
- If the practice instructions aren't visible, or disappear when you click in Word, click the Word Help taskbar button and then click the Auto Tile button on the upper-left corner of the instructions.
- If the practice instructions cover up Word, click the Auto Tile button on the upper-left corner of the instructions.
Before you begin
Make sure to close Word if it is already running.
Start the practice
Click the Practice in Word button now.


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Continuing where we left off last time, today I want to present a few ideas about how to design the API that enables us to do stateless rendering.
Before we talk about how to design a stateless rendering API, let us quickly take a look at how a stateful rendering API usually performs its task.
Conventional, stateful rendering
This is the type of rendering everybody knows: you set a few states here and there, submit a draw call, set some states, submit a draw call, and so on.
Usually, this looks something like the following:
// 1) render first object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); backend::SetVertexBuffer(vb); backend::SetIndexBuffer(ib); backend::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // 2) render second object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); backend::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); backend::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u);
The problem with that abstraction is that whatever state was set when rendering the first object also affects the rendering of the second object, which affects the rendering of the third object, and so on. State once set in the pipeline leaks into subsequent draw calls, and in case it isn't obvious, there are actually two problems (not just one!) with the stateful abstraction above:
- First problem: When rendering e.g. a third object, it will be rendered with a reversed culling state in case we forget to set it back to CULLSTATE_BACK. Same with alpha blending. This is the smaller of the two problems.
- Second problem: Whenever you have to change a state of some draw call, all following draw calls not touching the same state will now be broken. This is much worse than the first problem, because you either have to change all the draw calls you actually didn't want to touch, or always set back all touched upon states to their default values after a draw call has been submitted. This is both error-prone and tedious.
And we haven't even started talking about multi-threaded rendering yet.
To elaborate a bit on the second point, imagine what would happen if we changed the code above to the following:
// 1) render first object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); backend::SetVertexBuffer(vb); backend::SetIndexBuffer(ib); backend::SetRasterizerState(NO_DEPTH_WRITE); // <=== backend::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // 2) render second object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); backend::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); backend::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u);
By introducing a new command SetRasterizerState that changes the state of the pipeline, all draw calls following the first one are also affected by our change, because the other draw calls never touch that state. We either have to set it explicitly in the second draw call, or reset it after submitting the first DrawIndexed. It's much worse when you want to move certain render operations from here to there, put them in a function, etc. because you always have to be aware of the "surrounding state". Like I said, error-prone and tedious.
Introducing a stateless API
Armed with the knowledge of what's clearly wrong with the stateful approach above, let us try to come up with better solutions. One possible solution would be to start from a clean default state each frame, and reset all the states back to their default whenever we submit a draw call. If the user were to do that himself, this could look like the following:
// at the beginning of a frame, all states are set to their default value // 1) render first object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); backend::SetVertexBuffer(vb); backend::SetIndexBuffer(ib); backend::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); backend::ResetDefault(); // <=== // 2) render second object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); backend::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); backend::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); backend::ResetDefault(); // <===
Of course, we could also put that functionality into our API, and let it take care of that.
For now, let us assume that we have one big render queue which is used for queueing up all draw calls during a frame, which then get sorted and dispatched using the render backend at the end of a frame. Then we could do the following:
// 1) render first object renderQueue::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); renderQueue::SetVertexBuffer(vb); renderQueue::SetIndexBuffer(ib); renderQueue::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); renderQueue::SubmitIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // 2) render second object renderQueue::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); renderQueue::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); renderQueue::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); renderQueue::SubmitIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // at the end of a frame: renderQueue::Sort(); renderQueue::Flush();
Basically, all our renderQueue implementation has to do is the following:
- Keep track of the currently set vertex buffer, index buffer, cull state, alpha state, texture samplers, etc. Whenever someone calls renderQueue::Set*State(), simply change the corresponding member to the new state.
- For each Submit*() call, insert a new draw call into the queue. Our queue in this case would be raw memory, and we would simply store the type of the operation (an indexed draw call), the key (used for sorting), and all data that goes along with the draw call (in our case all the current states). After that, we reset all our internal state members to their default value.
- Upon a call to Sort(), we simply sort all the keys using e.g. a radix sort.
- Upon a call to Flush(), we walk the sorted array of operations, fetch the type, fetch the data, and call the respective render backend functions. It's very similar to implementing a simple virtual machine.
Of course, there are many implementation details we haven't talked about yet, but that's basically the gist of it. However, there is one thing I really don't like about that approach, as soon as multi-threaded rendering enters the picture.
With multi-threaded rendering, we want to be able to call any renderQueue function from any thread, which means that even though the C++ code looks like sequential code, calls to various renderQueue::Set*() functions are made from different threads, and are therefore interleaved. We can no longer use simple members in our renderQueue implementation to keep track of the current state, and not even wrapping each function with a mutex (or similar) would work, because we would need to wrap all operations that belong to a single draw call at once. This has way too much overhead, don't even think about doing it this way.
There is of course a simpler, and faster solution to that: thread-local storage. Instead of keeping track of the currently set state using simple members in the renderQueue, each thread keeps track of its state using e.g. a thread-local struct which holds all the states.
However, I'm still not satisfied with such an approach, because it means that every renderQueue function call now has to access some thread-local variable, which adds overhead compared to just accessing memory. Therefore, I am also considering the following alternatives.
The first one boils down to creating structs holding the state for a draw call on the stack, and then copying all of it into the queue upon submitting a draw call, something like the following:
IndexedDrawCall dc; dc.SetVertexBuffer(mesh->vertexBuffer); dc.SetIndexBuffer(mesh->indexBuffer); dc.SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); renderQueue::Submit(dc);
Firstly, this pretty much gets rid of all the multi-threading problems we have seen in the approach above. If we want to use one global queue, all we have to do is copy the data given in a call to renderQueue::Submit() (along with the key for sorting). For that, we can simply use a linear allocator that does nothing more than increment a pointer for each allocation. By using atomic operations, we can trivially make the allocation both thread-safe, and fast. If we don't want to use atomic operations, we can use a thread-local queue per thread instead.
Secondly, this would allow us to cache certain draw calls. For certain static parts of the world, we could build the draw call once, store it somewhere, and submit it into the renderQueue without any additional work.
Thirdly, each draw call like IndexedDrawCall, InstancedDrawCall, ComputeDrawCall, etc. could make sure to only store the data it needs, which could cut down on the amount of memory required to store the individual draw calls.
There are two things which I don't like with this approach, though:
- Each instance of a draw call struct is stateful again, which means that the user could create a draw call on the stack, submit


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WILLIAM WALLACE COMBS. One of the first permanent settlers of Richfield Township, Morton County, is found in William Wallace Combs, a prosperous farmer and stockman and a reliable, trustworthy citizen. Mr. Combs was born March 28, 1855, near Richmond in Madison County, Kentucky, where he later attended the common schools and continued to live until he came to Kansas in April, 1885. His parents were William B. and Fannie (Harden) Combs.
William B. Combs was born in February, 1817, in Clark County, Kentucky, and was a son of Cuthbert and Miss (Daniels) Combs. Cuthbert Combs moved to Kentucky from Virginia and settled near Richmond in Clark County, and died in that county near Indian Old Fields. He was a slaveowner and as a farmer raised hemp and tobacco. It is probable that he was a whig in his political views, as his son, William B., was an adherent of that party prior to the Civil war. The children of Cuthbert Combs and his wife were many, and the following names have been preserved: John and Mack, both of whom moved early into Missouri and nothing is known of their subsequent lives; William B., father of William Wallace Combs; and Mrs. Polly Osburn, Mrs. Arky Allen, Mrs. Nancy Allen and Mrs. Sally A. Fritts.
Although William B. Combs had but meager educational advantages, and was so afflicted with deafness that he was not considered available for military duty, he was a man of force of character and as a millright during his earlier years was considered reliable in his mill building industries. For some years he owned and operated a combination saw and grist mill and a carding factory near Speedwell in Madison County, to which he had moved in 1847, and was also a small farmer there. He came to Kansas about the same time as his sons and entered and proved up two claims in Morton County. In his later years he was identified with the democratic party. His death occurred in 1894. He married Fannie Harden, a daughter of Thomas Harden, who had married a Miss Spurr, both families being early settlers in Clark County and prominent people there to this day. Mrs. Combs died in December, 1885, in Kentucky. They had the following children: James E., who died in Kentucky; Julia, who married W. H. Crisman and both died in Kentucky; and Milton C., and William Wallace, both residents of Morton County.
William Wallace Combs, accompanied by his brother and his family, came to Lakin, Kansas, by rail, where he unloaded his car of stock and household goods, and then finished the journey toward the borderland of frontier Kansas with his own team. There was not a house in sight for eighty miles of this journey, and only one house did the travelers find at Richfield settlement when they reached here. Farm implements had been bought at Lakin and Mr. Coombs[sic] immediately entered his pre-emption claim northwest of Richfield, it being the northwest quarter of section 20, township 31, range 42. A dugout was the home of the family during the six months while he was proving up. He then entered his present homestead, the northeast quarter section 24, township 32, range 42, on which he built another dugout. This pioneer home was a single room, 10 by 12 feet in dimensions, with no flooring and with a board roof "dirted over," two windows and a homemade door. The family lived in this retreat for about eighteen months and were comfortable. The family consisted of Mr. Combs and his wife and five children, and their quarters accommodated also a cook stove, a table, two beds furnished with seven feather mattresses, a bureau, six chairs and a sewing machine. At the end of that time the present substantial home began to appear, the first room of which when completed gave an area of 14 by 28 feet.
As this is a true and reliable record of the steady progress made, under many difficulties, by one of the present independent citizens of Morton County, no information concerning his activities of those early years is lacking in interest. At that time money was scarce and men were willing to accept jobs of different kinds away from their own farms for a time in order to secure enough to tide them over until their land should yield. Mr. Combs with this end in view once furrowed out ten acres on a tree claim near Elkhart, fifteen miles distant, camping out in the meanwhile and carrying with him water for himself and team. For four days of this work he received the sum of five dollars. He was satisfied because it brought him "real" money. When opportunity offered he hauled freight from Syracuse to Richfield, a distance of fifty-five miles, at fifteen cents per hundred weight, taking four days to make the trip. He hauled fence posts for others a distance of 100 miles, cutting them in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, bringing down 150 posts on a load, using four horses and taking eight days, and was paid 8 1/3 cents a post. To his scanty income in those days eighteen Brown Leghorn hens he had brought from the old Kentucky home contributed, and the faithful family cow did her share with the hens in providing sustenance for seven normal, healthy people. These homely details put pioneering in its right light and emphasize the fact that very sturdy traits dwell with the pioneers who have developed the great State of Kansas.
Mr. Combs commenced his farming operations with planting corn and millet, and met with success with the latter, but when his first corn was in full tassel a hail storm damaged it badly. Conditions seemed to change later on and the seasons appeared to be unfavorable for the growing of the above products and Mr. Combs then turned his attention to wheat, and cane for forage. With the wheat he made several excellent crops, but the land appeared to be lacking, possibly in nitrogen, for wheat, later on, and as kaffir corn and maize were being exploited by that time as sure dry-country crops, he substituted them for wheat and they have proved satisfactory. He realized fifty bushels to the acre in field corn in 1915, and seventy bushels in kaffir corn and maize. From the beginning he has taken an interest in stock and in early times there was plenty of free pasturage, but when the county began to be more generally settled he bought pasture lands and now his grass is within his own fence. When he came to Kansas he brought with him the sum of $500, and after $300 had been necessarily expended he showed a sense of thrift in placing the remainder with reliable real estate men, who paid him five per cent a month. They loaned much money to other settlers, who, otherwise, it was contended during this bonanza period could not have proved up or commuted their pre-emptions. Later Mr. Combs invested money in calves and began the cattle business in earnest. He kept on adding to his land and now is cultivating 160 acres and his pastures embrace twelve entire sections, much of which is leased land.
In Madison County, Kentucky, Mr. Combs was married December 27, 1877, to Miss Millie Fielder, who was born in that county October 8, 1855. Her parents were William and Elizabeth (Burgess) Fielder, the former born in Madison County, Kentucky, in 1813, and died in August, 1861, and the latter born in that county, and died February 7, 1874, aged fifty-two years. Their children were: Ambrose, who lived in Clark County, Kentucky; William T., who served through the Civil war in the Union army, and died, at Waco, Kentucky; Dillard, who died in Madison County, Kentucky; Unity, who married Samuel Rodes and died in Madison County, Kentucky; Margaret, who married Milton C. Combs and died in Morton County, Kansas; Millie, who became the wife of William Wallace Combs; John C. B. who resides in Madison County, Kentucky; and Harvey C., who died in childhood.
Mr. and Mrs. Combs have had children and grandchildren as follows: Fannie, who was the wife of F. G. Glenn, died in Morton County and is survived by a daughter, Mary Mildred, who lives with her grandparents; Maggie, who was married first to William Glenn, and second to Guy M. Tipton, has two children, William Ralph Glenn and Fay Tipton; Julia, who married Thomas O. Morgan, of Stevens County, Kansas, has five children, Olive, Edna, Lee, Lillie and Ray; Cuthbert B., who married Beda Richardson, lives at Hugoton, Kansas; Lizzie, who is the wife of Charles Orth and lives in Richfield Township, and they have seven children, Mildred, Will, Wallace, Cuthbert, Fannie, Esther and Ruth; and Allie M., who married Clay Tipton, of this township, and has a son, Hugh, and a daughter, Dale. All these children have had public school advantages and as far as their parents have been able have been prepared for lives of usefulness wherever their homes may be. They were reared in the Presbyterian faith, to which church both Mr. and Mrs. Combs belong.
In politics Mr. Combs is a democrat and naturally the success of his party in both local and national campaigns is pleasing to him


Tay Nguyen grave statues may be history
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VietnamPlus English - 41 month(s) ago 3 readings
Charnel -house statues – part of the unique cultural identity of the Tay Nguyen (Central Highlands) ethnic groups, are likely to disappear, experts warn.
It is said that the statues were used at the grave-leaving ceremony – the last farewell of the living before seeing off the dead to the other world. Usually, at each grave-leaving ceremony, tens or even hundreds of statues were carved.
Cemeteries of a huge number of wooden statues are usually located in forest, so it is imaginable that visitors think they are lost in between the worlds of reality and spirits.
Doctor Ngo Van Doanh, an expert in Tay Nguyen culture, visited the cemeteries in the Tay Nguyen region, a labyrinth of wooden statues with different figures.
"Usually there is a couple of male and female statues by the door of each charnelhouse, the statue of a pregnant woman by the side, and seated statues of new-born babies in the house's corners," Doanh said.
"These statues spell out the cycle of birth: conception, pregnancy, then deliverance. The statues do not present specific people, they are universal."
However, they are dwindling.
Many cemeteries in Dak Lak province, for example, that were once a complex of statues have now decreased in size due to thieves.
Noticeably, tens of statues at a cemetery in Buon Don district disappeared in one night recently.
"Previously, hundreds of people in the area could carve charnel house statues. Unfortunately, only a handful of people in my village and ones nearby can, and they all are quite old now," said patriarch Ma H'trinh of Buon Don district's Yang Lanh village.
"Of course, a number of young people in the area can whittle statues of this kind. Yet their statues are carved so carefully but without a soul," he said.
Doanh agreed, saying that charnelhouse statues used to be carved with primitive tools such as axes and knives, thus revealing the character's miens. Nowadays, craftsmen make the statues look like real people, but the original and artistic value of the statues is lost.
Truong Bi, deputy head of Dak Lak's Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism and expert in Tay Nguyen culture, lamented: "The philosophy of human life and the cycle of birth is also lost".
"New statues do not appear to be 'deep in thought' and plainly-carved like the traditional ones; they resemble servants of death," Bi said.
The other reason behind the gradual vanishing of charnel house statues was the decreased number of carvers and the increased scarcity of carving tools, he added.
"The number of people able to carve traditional statues is getting smaller and smaller because the younger generation shows no interest in the craft."
Furthermore, cemented and concrete graves were replacing more traditional charnel houses, Bi said. /.
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Masculine-Feminine Difference: How We Handle Conflict
Why does the typical man handle conflict more directly than the typical woman? I believe there are deep roots to the differences in masculine and feminine style of conflict – in nature and nurture. Differences may be rooted in hormonal differences and how children play. In other words, changing how we individually tend to handle conflict takes conscious effort.


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DEM is an investor in important development projects
European and Slovenian energy policies have been oriented towards an increase in the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Dravske elektrarne Maribor, as the leading producer of electricity from renewable energy sources in Slovenia, is especially committed to implementing and executing these policies. Our fundamental objective is to find a suitable compromise between energy economics and the environment and to follow this basic guideline while designing and implementing our development projects.
One of the cornerstones for ensuring the existence and development of contemporary society is secure energy supply, including electrical energy, while minimizing negative impacts on the environment.
How can we thus guarantee the supply of electric power to consumers?
Slovenia is not rich in energy resources. Coal is slowly becoming scarce, and there are no oil or gas fields, leaving only alternative energy sources (solar and wind energy), which are modest. The greatest domestic energy reserve source is hydroelectric energy. The share of hydroelectric energy in Slovenia represents approximately 1/3 of the total electricity production. Simultaneously, less than 50 % of the hydroelectric power potential in Slovenia is being used. It is exactly the increased exploitation of hydro-energy potential in which we at DEM see our greatest development potential, thus, we have directed our development activities at the following areas:
- Refurbishment of older generating units to achieve greater power and production capacities;
- Preparations for the construction of a hydroelectric power plants on the Mura River;
- Financial and personnel engagement in the construction of hydroelectric power plants on the Sava River;
- Preparations for construction of the Kozjak pumped storage power plant;
- Construction of small hydroelectric power plants on Drava River and its tributaries.
The implementation of such an ambitious development plan would guarantee Slovenia important quantities of reliable, safe and price-competitive electric power from renewable (and the most ecologically clean) energy sources.
In order to maintain the position of the leading producer of electricity from renewable energy sources in Slovenia, we have expanded our electricity production activities to other areas of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, geothermal and wind energy, and at the same time, the production of electrical and thermal energy.


We all know those type of people around us calling themselves a go-getter. I have realized that the true success dwells in giving, not getting. I know it sounds corny, but it is true.
Being ambitious and going after your dreams is an important thing but to help others get what they want is more important. It doesn't help only them, but it moves us forward as well.
Here are seven reasons why being a go-giver will create a better quality of your life and attract what you desire:
1. You will grow
You will grow emotionally, spiritually, mentally. You will understand the real meaning of life, which resides in giving. And you will enjoy it. It will change your perspective on life and success itself. If you want more abundance in your life, the number one rule is to give without expecting getting anything back.
Don't help others only because you expect them to help you right after. Be real with people and don't make them feel like they owe you something. You are helping others to grow and live the positive life, not to benefit from them.
2. You will help others
Do you remember the time in the past when you were starting something and someone helped you? How did it make you feel? Can you imagine that you make someone else feel the same way? Your support can change someone's life forever or give them the right start.
We all have been there. We all were trying to accomplish something and struggled at first. Don't forget how it feels and the next time, be there for others and show your support.
3. You will attract positive things into your life
Everything good you have ever done will come back to you. There are no exceptions. You will attract more wealth into your life, better people and circumstances. On one hand you will be getting more because you are giving (let's call it karma).
On another hand, you will be getting more because you feel fulfilled and satisfied with yourself. Positivity will come to you from outside as well as inside.
4. You will create compelling relationships
By helping others, you will be changing their lives and become unforgettable to them. Remember that sometimes you are the only hope the person may have. You'll have the opportunity to create healthy relationships with people who you have helped, or even people who helped you.
Don't forget that these favorable connections will be useful to you one day, and they can change your life in return. Many people appreciate the help, and they keep you in mind. Creating honest relationships will make your life easier. People will know you as the thoughtful person, and they will always be there for you as well.
5. You will attract success
Have you ever heard that the most successful people are the ones who first give and then get? There is a reason behind it. They become successful because of using their inner potential. They are getting more from life because at first, they decided to give. Becoming a go-giver will bring into your life people and events that can change the course of your destiny.
The universe works in a miraculous way. By giving, you will attract the things you desire. Maybe you need the right business partner, or the money, or the right connection. Everything will fall into place once you understand the meaning of being a go-giver.
6.You will create a change
It will change you. It will change others and also your community. Making a change in people's lives is an incredible privilege. You cannot make a difference in the world within one day, but you can change yourself and others around you to live and fulfill life with higher meaning.
7. You will help yourself
Whether you like it or not there is always going to be a benefit to you. Even when you genuinely help others and don't expect anything back, you will feel satisfied and happier. And this is what makes you grow, what attracts better things into your life, what creates the real change around you. This quiet little voice saying, "You just did the right thing, keep doing it, be the change."
Commit yourself to do something for others at least once a week. Give others your hand and be there if they need you. Become a go-giver instead of a go-getter. By doing this, you will motivate your surroundings to do the same.
You can create a better environment for yourself and for those who you love. Most of the time, giving doesn't cost you anything. You have kindness inside, share it with the world.
How will you transform your life? Please leave your thoughts in the comment section below!


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Definitions for fire extinguisher
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word fire extinguisher
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
a portable container, usu. filled with special chemicals for putting out a fire.
Origin of fire extinguisher:
fire extinguisher, extinguisher, asphyxiator(noun)
a manually operated device for extinguishing small fires
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
fire extinguisher(noun)ˈfaɪərˌkræk ər
a device containing a special substance used for putting out a fire
A device that can be used to put out a fire. Usually a cylinder filled with carbon dioxide, dry powder or water, in the latter two cases with some means of pressurising the cylinder to expel the contents.
A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or simply an extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user, or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire. In the United States, fire extinguishers, in all buildings other than houses, are generally required to be serviced and inspected by a Fire Protection service company at least annually. Some jurisdictions require more frequent service for fire extinguishers. The servicer places a tag on the extinguisher to indicate the type of service performed and when. There are two main types of fire extinguishers: stored pressure and cartridge-operated. In stored pressure units, the expellant is stored in the same chamber as the firefighting agent itself. Depending on the agent used, different propellants are used. With dry chemical extinguishers, nitrogen is typically used; water and foam extinguishers typically use air. Stored pressure fire extinguishers are the most common type. Cartridge-operated extinguishers contain the expellant gas in a separate cartridge that is punctured prior to discharge, exposing the propellant to the extinguishing agent. This type is not as common, used primarily in areas such as industrial facilities, where they receive higher-than-average use. They have the advantage of simple and prompt recharge, allowing an operator to discharge the extinguisher, recharge it, and return to the fire in a reasonable amount of time. Unlike stored pressure types, these extinguishers use compressed carbon dioxide instead of nitrogen, although nitrogen cartridges are used on low temperature models. Cartridge operated extinguishers are available in dry chemical and dry powder types in the U.S. and in water, wetting agent, foam, dry chemical, and dry powder types in the rest of the world.
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