It announces a multi-pronged strategy for controlling the problem of infections nosocomiales, including the establishment of a national program of surveillance of the rates of these infections. So far, however, I have not been able to locate web resources that would provide hospital-level data about infection rates.
So I am offering a hypothesis that I would be very happy to find to be refuted: that the French medical establishment continues to be bureaucratically administered with very little public exposure of actual performance when it comes to patient safety. And without this system of publicity, it seems very likely that there are wide and tragic variations across French hospitals with regard to patient safety.
Are there French medical sociologists and public health researchers who are working on the issue of patient safety in French hospitals? Can good contemporary French sociologists like Céline Béraud, Baptiste Coulmont, and Philippe Masson offer some guidance on this topic (post)? If readers are aware of databases and patient safety research programs in France that are relevant to these topics, I would be very happy to hear about them.
Update: Baptiste Coulmont (blog) passes on this link to Réseau d'alerte d'investigations et de surveillance des infections nosocomia (RAISIN) within the Institut de veille sanitaire. The site provides research reports and regional assessments of nosocomia incidence. It does not appear to provide data at the level of the specific hospitals and medical centers. Baptiste refers also to work by Jean Peneff, a French medical sociologist and author of La France malade de ses médecins. Here is a link to a subsequent research report by Peneff. Thanks, Baptiste.
Wednesday, August 19, 2009
Social mobility?
Sunday, August 16, 2009
Public opinion--an example
This posting is a thought experiment that is an effort to probe the underlying components of "public opinion." I've created 8 sample data sets that I have normalized to a 1-5 scale; I've interpreted the scores as a Likert scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree); I've assumed that each data set represents a distinct sub-population within a mass population; and I've examined the disaggregated and aggregated results in a simple spreadsheet model. This is an effort to push the questions raised in an earlier post a bit further: how do the tools of survey research allow us to answer questions about how a mass population thinks and feels about a given set of issues? The central observation there was that public opinion needs to be disaggregated around groups that have greater homogeneity. Here I am undertaking to illustrate how that disaggregation can shed greater light on the nature of public opinion.
So -- suppose we have a public that consists of eight distinct and mutually exclusive groups, A through H. Suppose we want to evaluate their attitude towards some important issue -- let's say, immigration reform. And suppose we've designed a study with a number of Likert-scaled questions that are combined and reaggregated to a 1-5 scale from "strongly oppose (1) to strongly support (5)". Finally, suppose the population as a whole shows a distribution represented in the large panel above, "SUM". The whole population represented in the top panel is simply the sum of the sub-groups A-H.
The hypothetical study is pretty uninformative up to this point. The average value for the population as a whole is 2.94 -- almost exactly in the middle of the scale. And with a standard deviation of 1.02, there is a substantial spread of opinion around the mean. We can be confident that 95% of the population falls within two standard deviations of the mean -- roughly between 1 and 5. So the aggregate data we have for the population as a whole is almost wholly uninformative -- as suggested in the earlier post. It tells us that the average voter is neutral on the issue and that the population ranges between extremely opposed and extremely favorable.
But now suppose that we are able to break out the data for the eight sub-groups, and we find that their attitudes are described in panels A through H. Here we can sometimes provide more specific answers to the question, what does Group X think about the issue?
Here we find more useful information, in that the groups have very different profiles of response to the issue. Group A is slightly unfavorable to the issue, with a standard deviation of a little more than half a point. Group B is strongly favorable (3.70) but with a significant distribution to the left with a standard deviation of a full point. Group D is the most negative, with an average score of 2.15 and a standard deviation of.74. Groups F and H are the most interesting, in that they are bimodal, with peaks around "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree" and almost no one indifferent. (The mean value for Group H is 2.93, right in the middle of the scale -- but there are no individuals in this range!) Given the bimodal nature of these two populations, we're encouraged to explore the idea that there may be a distinguishing characteristic within the group that accounts for the divided attitudes. Group C looks pretty much like the population as a whole; and Group G is distributed evenly across the whole spectrum of opinion, with no concentration around any particular position.
So this simple thought experiment seems to validate the conclusion proposed in the prior posting: in a population consisting of a number of heterogeneous groups, it is important to attempt to disaggregate the results of opinion research in a way that allows us to examine the sub-groups separately. And the statistics describing the sum of the sub-groups are likely to be uninformative; pooling the data from the eight subgroups creates pretty much of a broad, normal distribution of responses. The real insight comes in when we are able to differentiate the population into a number of sociologically real sub-groups with their own more distinctive profiles of attitudes and responses. And more important, perhaps this experiment illustrates a different way of conceptualizing public opinion: not as a characteristic distributed in a gradient across a population, but rather a composite characteristic reflecting underlying groups with their own distributions of attitudes and feelings.
Thursday, August 13, 2009
What is a diasporic community?
The fact of diaspora is a deeply interesting one, in that it provides a kind of "natural experiment" on the subject of the persistence and plasticity of culture. It is possible to observe the variations and modifications of culture as they occur over time and geography in diasporic populations.
I'm led to this question by a current reading of Tai Lands and Thailand: Community and the State in Southeast Asia, a major new contribution to southeast Asian studies edited by Andrew Walker. The authors and contributors are working with an innovative concept of "modern community", deliberately challenging the idea of traditional communities organized around stable peasant villages. And they consider a specific version of this question: do the groups scattered across nations in Southeast Asia that are bound together by a Tai language and a set of overlapping practices and values, constitute a modern community? The book warrants a careful reading, and I will return to it more specifically in a later post. But here let's look at the broader question: can a physically separated set of populations constitute a genuine community?
It won't do to attempt to reduce this question to pure semantics -- "it depends on what we mean by community". Instead, we need to understand the question in a way that makes substantive sense of the ways in which human groups are constituted over time and space. But to make it a substantive and theoretically interesting question we have to specify a few characteristics that we think communities must possess. And this requires some conceptual work that goes beyond ordinary language analysis and stretches into the realm of theory construction. So consider these features of social groups that might be considered crucial for community: a degree of shared collective identity; a degree of shared values, histories, and meanings; an orientation by members towards others as belonging to a valued social group; a degree of communication and interaction among members of the group; and a preparedness to engage in some degree of collective action in support of the group's interests. We can think of examples of social groups that possess some of these characteristics but not others, and in some cases we're inclined to deny that these groups are "communities." So what about diasporic populations?
It is also possible that a diasporic population will display "creolization" -- the incorporation of new cultural elements into the mix of its practices, values, and meanings. This is suggested in the photo above; one imagines that Caribo-Chinese culture is a mix that would seem foreign in Canton. And this raises the possibility of a significant degree of cultural "drift" -- with the result that isolated sub-populations no longer speak the same cultural language. This would seem to cut against the idea of community.
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
What do Americans think?
Public opinion research raises many difficult questions. (See an earlier post on this topic.) We would like to know what Americans are thinking about current circumstances and issues; we'd like to know how those attitudes differ across social groups; and we'd like to have a basis for attempting to explain changes in attitudes over time. There is a vast amount of survey research underway at any given time in the United States. For example, the Pew Research Center (link) and the Roper Center (link) provide substantial survey research on social and political attitudes in the United States. But what does it really tell us?
There are, of course, the normal statistical questions about the interpretation of results: what is a representative sample? What is the margin of error? What is the variance of the population around a given topic? But these are the easy questions; there are


Current Issue
Technology ADAPT Reports
Do You Have Space for the Future Car Repair?
Order Reprints
ADAS Repairs
May 15, 2020—The auto industry is closer and closer to what some call its heyday: the connected car changing how shops repair a vehicle.
The connected car market size is expected to grow to over $200 billion by 2027, according to a MarketsandMarkets, which provides B2B research on 30,000 high growth, emerging opportunities.
To prepare for the future of cars with ADAS calibrations and diagnostic repairs, shops need to think ahead in terms of space and equipment. With most automakers like BMW, Audi, Ford, Acura, Volvo, Volkswagen, Nissan and others offering connected cars, a shop will be left behind in convenient services if it isn't structured to accommodate them. If a shop operator doesn't plan now, there might simply not be space in the facility to successfully compete and perform these repairs.
For Mark Kipfer, co-owner of Auto Glass Express in Berkeley, Calif., setting up a space for cars with ADAS repairs, involves essentially building a virtual box around the vehicle.
He has an interface with the vehicle's computer and a pad that has the software on it. When the operator runs through the system, it will inform him or her, how to place the targets and which targets are required, including the sequence of where to place those targets. Once the vehicle sees the targets, it can calibrate the camera.
In the designated shop space, the vehicle has to be level, the frame has to be on square with the vehicle and the targets need to be placed correctly.So, there's no physical adjustment of the camera but there is physical adjustment of the camera.
For Jacques Navant, technical director for Don's Mobile Glass and The Calibration Station in Modesto, Calif., the process involves a tightly controlled environment. One example is a controlled light source, which includes an enclosed, open work area without natural light so the technician has complete control of every aspect of the light source.
"You have to have a controlled light source, direct sunlight or refractions from other surfaces can give you the false impression of a job done complete and accurate, or a failed calibration," Navant says. "If your light source is distorting the target that your camera is trying to pick up and calibrate to then you're not doing a true, accurate calibration."
He says the layout for these has to be a large, open area. For shops performing repairs on more American vehicles, they might need a bigger area because they require larger sized targets to complete the calibration.
Breaking down what you need for your space:
 1. Designate one stall or bay for only calibrations.
 2. Set up off-white curtains around the bay that can be pulled across the whole area so that nothing visually can confuse the camera.
 3. Make sure you have a space designated that is at least about 30 feet deep and 15 feet wide.
 4. Have a controlled light source.
 5. The space needs to have blank walls and blank floors with no distinct lines or patterns.
Related Articles
How Do You View the Technician Definition?
Autonomous Lingo in the Repair Space
Have Flying Car Plans Flown the Coop?
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text:
This is the fourth post in the series Data Visualization With R. In the previous post, we learnt how to build scatter plots. In this post, we will build line graphs. To be more specific we will learn to
- create line plots
- add color to lines
- modify line type/style
- modify line width
- add points to the lines
- modify axis range
- add additional lines to the plot
Libraries, Code & Data
To build a line graph, we will learn a new argument in the
plot() function called
type. It allows us to specify the symbol that must be used to represent the data. Let us begin by building a simple line graph. We will use the
AirPassengers data set in this post. Before we begin to build the plot, let us take a quick look at the data in order to understand what we are plotting.
## 112 118 132 129 121 135
In order to build a line plot, we will set the
type argument in the
plot() function to l (line). There are other values which
type takes but we will explore them later.
data <- head(AirPassengers) plot(data, type = 'l')
If you do not like plain lines, you can represent the data using lines interspersed with points by setting the
type argument to b (both lines and points).
plot(data, type = 'b')
Another option is to have the points and lines overplotted. It can be achieved by setting the
type argument to o (overplotted).
plot(data, type = 'o')
You can also create lines without points but with breaks instead by setting the
type argument to c.
plot(data, type = 'c')
So now we know how to build a simple line graph. Let us now make this plot more elegant by modifying its appearance. Let us begin by adding some color to the line using the
col argument in the
plot(data, type = 'l', col = 'blue')
If you have points along with the line, they will have the same color as well.
plot(data, type = 'b', col = 'blue')
The line type can be modified using the
lty argument. It takes values from 1 to 6 and the default value is 1. Below is an example:
plot(data, type = 'l', lty = 3)
Let us look at all the line types in the below example:
Instead of specifying the numbers 1:6, you can use their description as well.
The width of the lines can be modified using the
lwd argument in the
plot() function. The default value for width is 1.
plot(data, type = 'l', lwd = 2.5)
In the below example, we look at the width of the lines relative to the default value.
We can enhance the points in the line plot in the same way as we enhanced the points in the scatter plot in this previous post. Let us look at an example:
plot(data, type = 'b', pch = 23, col ='red', cex = 1.5)
We have used the
cex arguments to modify the shape, color and size of the points. One drawback of the above method is that the color of the line and the points will be the same. What if we want them to have different colors? The solution is as follows:
- build the line graph using the
- add the points to the above plot using the
In the next example, let us first build the line plot, add points using the
points() function and then specify separate colors to the line and the points.
plot(data, type = 'l', col ='red') points(data, pch = 23, col = 'blue', bg = 'green', cex = 1.5)
If you want to compare variables, you would want to add additional lines to the line graph. In R, this can be achieved using the
lines() function. First we create the line plot using the base variable and then we can add as many lines as we want using the
Before you add additional lines, it is important to ensure that the range of both the axis are modified to accommodate the data of the additional lines. If we do not modify the axis range, some of the lines will be outside the plot.
Let us now create a line plot and add an additional line using the
lines() function.We will use some dummy data for this example:
data1 <- c(7.2, 7.6, 6.8, 6.5, 7) data2 <- c(6.8, 7.2, 7.8, 7, 6.2) plot(data1, type = "b", col = "blue") lines(data2, type = "b", col = "red")
As you can see the second line is outside the plot. Let us recreate the plot but this time we will modify the range of the axis to accommodate the second line (data2).
plot(data1, type = "b", col = "blue", ylim = c(5, 9)) lines(data2, type = "b", col = "red")
Putting it all together…
Finally let us enhance the plot by adding a title and modifying the axis labels which we learnt in this first post of the series.
plot(data1, type = "b", col = "blue", ylim = c(5, 9), main = 'Line Graph', xlab = 'Index', ylab = 'Data') lines(data2, type = "b", col = "red")
In this post, we learnt how to
- create line plots
- modify appearance of the line
- add points to the line plot
- add additional lines

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
9.24.4 Assembler Directives
The 68HC11 and 68HC12 version of
as have the following
specific assembler directives:
- The relax directive is used by the 'GNU Compiler' to emit a specific
relocation to mark a group of instructions for linker relaxation.
The sequence of instructions within the group must be known to the linker
so that relaxation can be performed.
- This directive specifies the ABI. It overrides the '-mshort',
'-mlong', '-mshort-double' and '-mlong-double' options.
- This directive marks the symbol as a 'far' symbol meaning that it
uses a 'call/rtc' calling convention as opposed to 'jsr/rts'.
During a final link, the linker will identify references to the 'far'
symbol and will verify the proper calling convention.
- This directive marks the symbol as an interrupt entry point.
This information is then used by the debugger to correctly unwind the
frame across interrupts.
- This directive is defined for compatibility with the
'Specification for Motorola 8 and 16-Bit Assembly Language Input
Standard' and is ignored.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This map is a natural-color rendition created from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery collected between 1999 and 2002. The natural colors were generated using calibrated red-, green-, and blue-wavelength Landsat image data, which were correlated with red, green, and blue values of corresponding picture elements in MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) "true color" mosaics of Afghanistan. These mosaics have been published on _URL_ and modified to match more closely the Munsell colors of sampled surfaces.
Peak elevations are derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital data, averaged over a pixel representing an area of 85 m2, and they are slightly lower than the highest corresponding local point. Cultural data were extracted from files downloaded from the Afghanistan Information Management Service (AIMS) Web site (_URL_). The AIMS files were originally derived from maps produced by the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO). Cultural features were not derived from the Landsat base and consequently do not match it precisely.
This map is part of a series that includes a geologic map, a topographic map, a Landsat natural-color-image map, and a Landsat false-color-image map for the USGS/AGS (U.S. Geological Survey/Afghan Geological Survey) quadrangles covering Afghanistan. The maps for any given quadrangle have the same open-file report (OFR) number but a different letter suffix, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively. The OFR numbers range in sequence from 1092 to 1123. The present map series is to be followed by a second series, in which the geology is reinterpreted on the basis of analysis of remote-sensing data, limited fieldwork, and library research. The second series is to be produced by the USGS in cooperation with the AGS and AGCHO.


text:
|Photo by sparktography - Found on flickr|
Ethernet taps are in-line devices used for capturing data between two systems. They're not the weapon-of-choice when troubleshooting application layer problems because mirror functions on switches (SPAN) and capture mechanisms on servers (tcpdump / wireshark) are much more convenient here.
Where taps really shine is for the sorts of problems which might cause you to mistrust one or both of the systems on the ends of a link.
Say we've got a performance-related packet delivery problem. It's possible that the switch mirror function will claim that a frame was sent when in reality the frame was dropped due to a buffering problem downstream of the mirror function.
On the other hand, there are times when packet captures performed at the server claim packets went undelivered or were delivered late when in reality the packets were delivered just fine.
You also might want to save your (limited) mirror sessions for tactical work, rather than burning up this resource for a long-term traffic monitoring solution.
So, what do you do when mirror (SPAN) and capture (tcpdump) disagree about what packets were delivered, or you want to deploy a long-term strategic monitor? You put a tap in the link.
The simplest form of Ethernet tap is a fiber optic splitter. Light enters the splitter via the blue fiber on the left, and is split into the blue and red fibers on the right:
The following photo illustrates the function. Light from my flashlight is appearing in both the red and blue fibers.
One of those fibers will be connected to the analysis station, and the other one to the destination system (the other end of the link).
Optical taps are generally packaged in pairs: one for "Northbound" traffic and one for "Southbound" traffic on the link. Here's a typical assembled tap:
Optical taps don't require any power, and they're generally safe for long-term deployment on critical infrastructure links. They can be used for 10Mb/s, 100Mb/s, 1Gb/s or 10Gb/s links (it's just glass afterall), so long as the fiber is the correct type in terms of modality and core diameter.
Taps like this generally express the amount of light delivered through the link vs. delivered to the analysis station in terms of db loss. You'll want to consider your cable lengths and light power budget when installing one of these taps. When tapping in-room links, I've never had any problem using splitters that divide the light power evenly.
Passive Copper Taps
Passive copper taps for 10Mb/s and 100Mb/s links work pretty much the same way as optical taps, but with electrons, not photons.
You can build a totally passive tap for just a few dollars worth of parts from a hardware store. The result is a totally passive tap that requires no power and looks like this:
These taps are effective, but I'd think twice about using them in a production environment. Playing games with the signal in this way can lead to unpredictable results, maybe even broken equipment.
Update 1/26/2012 - duaneo shared this picture of his passive tap panel:
|duaneo's tap panel|
Commercial passive taps generally work the same way, but instead of connecting the tap ports directly to the forked traces on the circuit board, they run the tapped traces into some high-impedance ethernet repeater equipment. The signal is then repeated at full strength by powered transmit magnetics. This minimizes degradation of the link under test, and ensures that a wiring mistake on the tap ports can't knock out the link.
These sorts of taps only require power to produce the signal for the analyzer. Power loss at the tap will not impact data flow on the link under test. Accordingly, they're safe to use for long-term deployment on critical infrastructure links.
Gigabit Copper Taps
It is not (AFAIK) possible to passively tap gigabit copper links. The problem here is that with 1000BASE-T links, all copper pairs (there are four of them) are simultaneously transmitting and receiving. The stations on each end of the cable are able to distinguish incoming voltages from outgoing because they know what they've sent. They subtract the voltage they've put onto the wire pairs from the voltage they observe there. The result of this subtraction is the voltage contributed by the other end, which is the incoming signal.
An intermediary on the wire (the tap) cannot make that distinction, so the voltages observed by a 3rd party are just undecipherable noise.
Tap manufacturers don't like to admit this, but 1000BASE-T taps are never passive devices. They're more like a small switch with mirror functions enabled. The Ethernet link on both ends is terminated by the tap hardware, and frames traversing the link under test are repeated by the tap.
1000Base-T tap manufacturers mitigate the risk of installing their wares by providing redundant power supplies, internal batteries, and banks of relays which will re-wire the internals (reconnecting the link under test) if power to the tap fails.
Manufacturers use terms like "link lock", "zero delay", "zero impact", "fail safe", "totally passive" and "permanent network link" to describe their taps, but I don't believe that it's possible to implement a truly safe 1000BASE-T tap. If I'm wrong about this, please enlighten me in the comments!
Consider some confusing language (new version of the manual here) used by the manufacturers:
The major features of the CA full-duplex Copper TAPs are:Then, later in the same document:
- Passive access at 10/100 or 1000 Mbps without packet tampering or introducing a single point of failure
With a 10/100/1000 Mb Copper TAP, the TAP must be an active participant in the negotiated connections between the network devices attached to it. This is true if the TAP is operating at 10, 100, or 1000 Mb. Power failure to the TAP results in the following:...
- If you are not using a redundant power supply or UPS or power to both power supplies is lost, then:
- The TAP continues to pass data between the network devices connected to it (firewall/router/switch to server/switch). In this sense the TAP is passive.
- The network devices connected to the TAP on the Link ports must renegotiate a connection with each other because the TAP has dropped out. This may take a few seconds.
Using the term "passive" to describe a system where the tap actively terminates the Ethernet link with both end stations, and where the frames are passed through moving parts (relays) makes my head spin.
Here's a shot of the relays in that "passive" tap:
Interestingly, this tap uses a bel MagJack, which packages the RJ45 jack and the Ethernet magnetics into a single unit. I gotta confess that I'm a little puzzled about how the relays do their job here, because the MagJack doesn't provide direct access to the Ethernet leads, only to the magnetics. I guess running the integrated magnetics back-to-back (through the relays), without a contiguous Cat5 cable is acceptable?
If anybody from Network Instruments (Hi Pete!) wants to chime in, I'd love to hear how/why this works. Sorry about bashing your marketing there, but the other guys are about to get their turn...
Update (1/25/2012): I pinged Rich Seifert with the question about back-to-back MagJacks. Rich said:
Yes, it is possible to "pass through" an Ethernet connection (10, 100, or 1000BASE-T) using a pair of back-to-back transformers. There will be some loss, so it will reduce the maximum allowable link length from the 100m specification, but in most environments this is not an issue.
Another interesting thing about this tap is how the board is setup to build many different products. On the left are a pair of SFP connectors (you can see one of them in the image) that are unused on my model. Around back are solder pads for a SO-DIMM memory holder, presumably this is the packet buffer for the aggregation tap models. Nifty.
With the Gig Zero Delay Tap, power glitches and failures no longer mean dropped packets and lengthy renegotiation sequences. Your network operates more smoothly and your critical business applications remain responsive with the Gig Zero Delay Tap in your monitoring infrastructure.Sounds great, right? They fail to mention how that really works:
Warning!... This product contains a NiMH battery. Consult your shipping carrier regarding regulations on safe shipping of NiMH batteries.
So, no dropped packets on power failure (until the batteries run out). I don't know why these sort of claims tend to be so over-inflated, but the problem is nearly universal:
Just like the first one, this tap will go "click!" as the relays re-route traffic during a power failure. Sure, it's milliseconds-fast, but does that matter? An MS Windows based server will destroy all of its TCP sessions in the face of momentary link loss. Spanning tree might have to reconverge. Routing information learned over the link will be lost. That "click!" can be devastating.
Operates transparently.... Can be left in place permanently.... Provides continuous network data flow if the power fails.
I believe that this tap is actually exactly the same thing as the first tap I mentioned, but with a different paint and stickers. I prefer to buy my gear from the real manufacturers.
I want to take this opportunity to give a shout-out to the folks at Network Critical. I just per


text:
Nominated for the Governor General's Award for Children's Illustration
Vivid writing and luminous art combine to tell a modern story that introduces young readers to the wonders of bees For city kids like Sophie and Matthew, growing pumpkins is a big thrill.
But they're worried. They know they need bees to make their pumpkins grow. But will the bees find their garden? Are there even bees in the city?
So one day, Grandpa and the children set out to look for bees. They arrive downtown just in time to see something amazing: a buzzing ball of bees hovers from the branch of a nearby tree. And high on the terrace of a towering hotel are four brightly coloured beehives!
For Matthew and Sophie, this is the beginning of an exciting adventure. All summer they tend their plants, eagerly watching as their seeds sprout and turn into shoots, then vines and leaves. But they're still worried. Will the bees come when they're needed?
Finally, the golden pumpkin flowers appear among the leaves. The female flowers will be open for just one day, and Matthew and Sophie arrive at the garden early in the morning to wait and watch. Will the bees arrive in time to pollinate the plants?close this panel


text:
Institute of Historical Research, Section of Neohellenic Research
The Section of Neohellenic Research of the Institute of Historical Research (IHR / NHRF) was established in 1960, as Center for Neohellenic Research (KNE) with the purpose of studying Modern Greek culture and society in all its aspects, from the fifteenth century to the present time.
Its objectives are:
to produce new knowledge based on a critical reassessment of the historical sources and to enhance and expand the research fields
to establish the Greek paradigm in international scholarship and promote national and international collaborations
to train young researchers through post-graduate and graduate seminars in collaboration with university faculties and other research institutes
to supply the academic community with reliable research infrastructure.
In order to attain these objectives, the Section develops research projects focused on cultural, social, economic and political history of Modern Greece. These projects result to a wide range of research products, such as monographs, collective volumes, essays, databases, thematic and chronological bibliographies, archive inventories, indexes and editions of primary sources and digital collections. The Department organizes international congresses, workshops and seminars. Its publications are in Greek as well as in foreign languages, among which a yearly newsletter and two academic periodical series, available in hard copy and on-line.
The Section's Research Projects are arranged in three divisions:
Cultural History (Literary History, Historiography, History of Science, Geographical Culture and History of Cartography, Religious Art, Institutions and Ideology in Modern Greek Society)
Economic and Social History (History of Enterprises and Industrial Archaeology, Historical Study of Settlements in Greece, Ottoman Studies, Travel Networks, Diplomatic and Consular Networks)
Political History (Contemporary Political History, The Greek Press, Historical Archive of Greek Youth)
I. Journals / Periodicals
The Historical Review / La Revue Historique (10 vols since 2004)
Tetradia Ergasias (35 vols since 1982)
Newsletter (35 fasc. since 1990)
II. Academic Series
Scientific Monographs (136 titles)
The Historical Archive of Greek Youth (47 titles)
Conference proceedings and special publications (33 vols)
The C. Th. Dimaras Annual Lecture (16 titles since 1997)


US alone. Worst case statistics show approximately 12 ferret attacks ever recorded in the US. Dr. Bruce Williams, DVM, adds: I can say from personal experience that there are many, many more bite incidents with the household dog or cat, and that either of these species tend to do a lot more damage. I have seen children require over a hundred facial stitches from getting between the dog and its food, but never anything like this with a ferret. But I've also been nailed by my share of ferrets too. Personally, I don't recommend ferrets for people with children under 6 or 7 - either the child or the ferret ends up getting hurt.
Subject: (3.9) What are the different ferret colors? Ferrets often change colors with the seasons, lighter in the winter than in the summer, and many of them lighten as they age, too. Different ferret organizations recognize different colors and patterns, but unless you're planning to enter your ferret in a show, the exact label isn't particularly important. Some of the more commonly accepted colors are described in general terms below, adapted from summaries written by William and Diane Killian of Zen and the Art of Ferrets and Pam Troutman of STAR*Ferrets. The albino is white with red eyes and a pink nose. A dark-eyed white can have very light eyes and can possibly be confused with an albino. These can actually range from white to cream colored with the whiter the color the better. A dark-eyed white (often called a black-eyed white) is a ferret with white guard hairs but eyes darker than the red of an albino. The sable has rich dark brown guard hairs with golden highlights, with a white to golden undercoat. A black sable has blue-black guard hairs with no golden or brownish cast, with a white to cream undercoat. The chocolate is described as warm dark to milk chocolate brown with a white to golden or amber undercoat and highlights. A cinnamon is a rich light reddish brown with a golden to white undercoat. This can also be used to describe a ferret with light, tan guard hairs with pinkish or reddish highlights. Straight tan is a champagne. A silver starts out grey, or white with a few black hairs. The ferret may or may not have a mask. There is a tendency for the guard hair to lighten to white evenly over the body. As a ferret ages each progressive coat change has a higher percentage of white rather than dark guard hairs. Eventually the ferret could be all white. White patches on the throat might be called throat stars, throat stripes, or bibs; white toes, mitts (sometimes called silver mitts), or stockings go progressively further up the legs. A blaze or badger has a white stripe on the top of the head, and a panda has a fully white head. A siamese has an even darker color on the legs and tail than usual and a V-shaped mask; and a self is nearly solid in color.
Subject: (3.10) What do you call a ferret male/female/baby/group? A male is called a hob, and a female is a jill. To some people, neutered males are gibs and neutered females are sprites, but these are new terms and aren't as commonly used. A baby ferret of either sex is a kit. The most commonly accepted phrase for a group is "a business of ferrets". Some people spell it "busyness" instead. Another possibility, "fastening" or "fesnyng," is thought to be due to a misreading of "bysnys" long ago.
Subject: (3.11) How can I help the ferret community? There are lots of ways you can help the ferret community at large. If your ferrets are very trustworthy and have had their vaccinations, [9.2] take them with you to the park or pet store and show people what wonderful pets they are, to counteract all the false rumors. (Be very careful, though: if your ferret should nip or scratch someone, even by accident, some states will kill him for rabies testing, even if he's been vaccinated. You may want to only let people pet his back.) Give good ferret information, perhaps a copy of this general FAQ and the Medical FAQs [1.1], to your vet. Adopt, foster, or sponsor a ferret from a local shelter, or donate old towels, shirts, food, litter, cages, money, or time. Many shelters could use help with construction projects, computer setup and use, recordkeeping, etc., as well as day-to-day ferret care, cage cleaning, and trips to the vet. (However, shelter directors are very busy people, and may have established routines they'd rather not have disrupted, so don't be offended if your offer of help is refused. Ask if there's something else you could do instead.) To find a shelter near you, see the STAR*Ferrets list of clubs, shelters, etc. [1.2] or contact a local ferret club. Participate in the "Support Our Shelters" coupon book program, in which you send $25 and receive a book of grocery store coupons of YOUR choice worth at least $200. More information is available by sending the command SEND COUPON ORDER FERRET in the body of email to . == End of Part 1 == -- - Pamela Greene Ferret Central: _URL_ Clan Lord (online game) FAQ: _URL_ This sentence would be seven words long if it were six words shorter.
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limitations of rhizotrons and minirhizotrons for root studies. Plant and Soil. 1990, 129: 29-35. 10.1007/BF00011688.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


discrimination of loud low frequencies (Neil Todd )
Subject: discrimination of loud low frequencies
Date: Mon, 14 Jun 1999 17:40:56 GMT
Dear List Can anyone tell me if there is any experimental data to suggest that there may be something peculiar in the discrimination of loud low frequency tones, between about 50 Hz and 800 Hz, and above about 90 dB SPL? For example, is it the case that either intensity and/or frequency discrimination gets better above about 90/100 dB SPL for low frequencies, but not for tones of say 2 kHz or above? In other words, is there any evidence of a mechanism that cuts in for loud low frequencies (other than normal phase-locking)? Any comments/references gratefully received. Cheers Neil Todd
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Electrical Engineering Dept., Columbia University


Rutgers Professors Create Software to Assist in Facility Evacuation
Program would help large facilities develop procedures for evacuating people during a fire, bioterror attack or natural disaster
TRENTON, N.J. (AP) - Two Rutgers University professors are developing a computer program to help large facilities develop procedures for evacuating people during a fire, bioterror attack or natural disaster.
The software could be customized to fit any building plan. Once it detects anthrax or a fire, for example, it would provide security officials with specific steps to take, such as blocking off access to a contaminated area of a building.
"It gives them directions and guidance on how to respond to the incident," said Ali Maher, professor and chairman of the civil and environmental engineering department at Rutgers. Maher also serves as director to the federal and state-funded group called The Center for Advanced Infrastructure & Transportation.
The professors are testing their software now at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick. Their work also has caught the interest of New Jersey State Police and Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Maher said.
"We're trying to develop a platform that every hospital in the nation could use, actually any place could use," said Mohsen Jafari, an industrial engineering professor at Rutgers and member of the center. "Several hospitals in the state are very interested."
Rutgers is working with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, managed by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., and with a private firm to incorporate an anthrax detection technology in the program.
The lab, which primarily works for NASA on sending rovers to Mars, invented an anthrax "smoke" detector in 2002. Universal Detection Technology of Beverly Hills, Calif., purchased the licensing for the detectors.
"The most important thing you want to know is if you've been exposed," said Adrian Ponce, senior scientist with the lab. "The only people who died (in the 2001 anthrax attacks) were the ones who didn't know they've been exposed."
Rutgers representatives will meet with lab and Universal Detection Technology officials Thursday in California. They aim to have their software available within nine months.
Though many large-scale public facilities and high-rise buildings have evacuation plans, very few have tested them, the professors said.
"New Jersey is the primary transit hub of the Northeast. You have airports, ports, trains and the turnpike," Maher said. "You're basically the main transit corridor between Boston and Florida."
Maher said he envisions the program being used as a network in the future so several buildings on a city block could use it to evacuate in a crisis.
The Garden State's proximity to New York and its history of anthrax contamination at the Hamilton post office make it one of the nation's best test markets, said Amir Ettehadieh, director of research and development for Universal Detection Technology.


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Assume the number of oranges is A. Then A-1 is divisible by 3, 5, 7 and 9.
So, A-1 is a multiple of 5×7×9 = 315 (note: 9 is also a multiple
of 3, so 3 must not be included!).
We are looking for a value of N for which holds that 315×N + 1 is
divisible by 11. After some trying it turns out that the smallest N for which
this holds is N = 3.
This means that the greengrocer has at least 946 oranges.
Note that for N = 14, 25, 36, etc. (so each time 11 more) it also holds that
315×N + 1 is divisible by 11.
back to the puzzle


A 2,500-year-old slab, a relief depicting marching Ancient Hellenic warriors, or hoplites, has been discovered among other finds in the recent archaeological excavations of two temples of Apollon on the St. Cyricus Island, today a peninsula, in the Bulgarian Black Sea town of Sozopol.
The newly discovered slab with Ancient Greek warriors, or hoplites, appears to a piece of a larger depiction, other parts of which were discovered during digs in 2018 and 2019 in the zone of the two temples of deity Apollon Iatros ("The Healer") – one from the Late Archaic period and one from the Early Classical period of Ancient Greece – on the St. Cyricus Island in Bulgaria's Sozopol.
The St. Cyricus Island, more precisely named Sts. Quiricus and Julietta Island, is rich in archaeological structures from the dawn of the settlement of Sozopol, which emerged as the Ancient Greek colony of Apollonia Pontica on the Western Black Sea coast in the 6th century BC.
The St. Cyricus Island (the Sts. Quiricus and Julietta Island) is believed to have been the site of the Colossus of Apollonia Pontica, a large, 13-meter-tall bronze statue of Apollon towering in the harbor of the Greek colony for four centuries before it was seized by the Romans and taken to Rome. The Colossus of Apollonia Pontica has been likened to the taller and far more famous Colossus of Rhodes.
Among the many archaeological wonders of Bulgaria's Sozopol is also the 2010 discovery of relics of St. John the Baptist in an Early Christian monastery on the nearby island of St. Ivan (St. John), whose presence has been construed as a counterbalance to the religious significance of the ancient city in the pagan period.
In the fall of 2020, the Bulgarian government and the French Ambassdor to Bulgaria announced an initiative to turn the St. Cyricus Island in Sozopol into a museum of archaeology with aid from France, the OAE, and the Louvre Museum in Paris.
In Aristophanes' comedy The Frogs, a nosy slave listens to his master's conversations and spreads them around town, resulting in his master's horrible misfortunes. The Aristophanes character, however, was not put there just for laughs. Gossip was a real tool in the hands of serfs who wanted to punish their masters if they had treated them badly in ancient Hellas.
Masters were justifiably worried that a slave might see or hear something in the household which could end up being used against them in a court of law or public opinion. There is even a Goddess who has gossip as her domain:Pheme ("fame" or "rumor" in English), daughter of Gaia. She was depicted as a terrible winged creature who delighted in ruffling her feathers. Beneath every feather there was a prying eye, a pricked ear and a wagging tongue. She flew from place to place at great speed, gabbling and screeching lies and half-truths to any person who would listen.
Idle gossip was a favorite pastime in ancient Hellas, as many historians have attested. People from all walks of life constantly indulged in sharing hearsay, rumors and half-truths. Serfs and low-status women without strong family connections could use gossip as their only weapon against their enemies. This propensity to gossip in almost every member of society served to open up conduits between the weak and the strong, the rich and the poor, the master and the servant.
The great philosopher Aristotle viewed gossiping as a frequently trivial, enjoyable pastime, but also saw that gossiping could have malicious intent when spoken by someone who has been wronged. Malicious gossip could damage a person's reputation and irreparably hurt him or her.
In ancient Athens, court decisions were based heavily on a character evaluation of the defendant and very little on hard evidence. Therefore, an individual's reputation was important when it came to judicial cases. In the absence of professional judges, speakers aimed to discredit their opponents' characters in the eyes of the jurors, while presenting themselves as upstanding citizens.
The power of gossip was feared by litigants, so they carefully outlined how the negative stories the jurors might have heard about them weren't true, and had been spread intentionally by their opponents. Because of the great crowds which gathered there, public places such as the Agora were prime locations to spread gossip and outright lies aimed at discrediting an opponent. In these instances, the intention of the gossipers was to spread false information across the city to generate an impression of the individuals involved which would help them win their legal cases.
In ancient Athens, women had few legal rights and depended on male relatives to act for them. However, women had one very powerful outlet – gossip – to serve as a useful tool in attacking an enemy.
Women's gossip was used effectively to discredit the character of an opponent in court. Low-status women, with absolutely no access to legal help, could still use gossip to help achieve retribution when they were wronged.
The presence of gossip in legal cases shows that Athenians did not discriminate about the source, but freely took advantage of all kinds of rumors and innuendo in their attempts to defeat their adversaries.
Through calculated use of gossip, women, non-citizens and even serfs with no access to official legal channels whatsoever in ancient Hellas wielded a potent weapon in their attempts to attain justice against those who had wronged them.
Socrates, one of the greatest Hellenic philosophers, who lived from 469 – 399 BC, shunned gossip. It is said that one day he came upon an acquaintance who ran up to him excitedly and said, "Socrates, do you know what I just heard about one of your students?"
"Triple filter?" his friend asked.
"No, on the contrary… "
"No, not really," the man admitted.
The man who had tried to spread gossip to the great thinker was defeated and ashamed.
The restoration of the ancient city of Aizanoi, located in the Çavdarhisar district of western Turkey's Kütahya province, is expected to be resumed in April, Kütahya Governor Ali Çelik announced Sunday. Çelik stated that the excavation and restoration work at the 5,000-year-old site was to be continued in April after being halted due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.
"We will be restoring the Roman Bridge, five derelict structures across the temple and the Excavation Experience House whose project has been approved. We will also continue excavations at the sites of Penkalas creek and the Odeon region in April. We will be making environmental planning around the Penkalas creek in accordance with its ancient historical texture."
Aizanoi is a particularly special archaeological city of Turkey's many world-famous ancient sites, as it is home to one of the best-preserved temples in Anatolia dedicated to Zeus. Dubbed the second Ephesus of Turkey, the city was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2012. Archaeologists began restoration work on the ancient city in June 2020.
The excavation and fieldwork are being carried out under the coordination of Pamukkale University's Archaeology Department. Recent excavations around the Temple of Zeus indicate the existence of several levels of settlement in the city dating from as far back as 3000 B.C.
In 133 B.C. the city was captured by the Roman Empire. In 1824, European travelers rediscovered the ancient site.
Between 1970 and 2011 the German Archaeological Institute conducted excavation work, unearthing the theater and a stadium, as well as two public baths, a gymnasium, five bridges, a trading building, necropolises and the sacred cave of Metre Steune – a cultist site thought to be used prior to the first century B.C.
Since 2011, Turkish archaeologists have been carrying out restoration work at the ancient site, and more recently an exceptional collection of 651 silver coins belonging to the Roman period were unearthed in January.
Our blessed Goddess Aphrodite intrigues me. She is a Goddess of both love and war, of friendship and hate, of companionship and jealousy. She is one of the Goddesses with the widest range of domains and influence in our world and She is Goddess that touches us personally. She doesn't control the weather or the sea, She controls us directly.
Aphrodite's cult was very popular in ancient Hellas with numerous shrines and temples throughout the land. Her main cult centres within Hellas were the city of Corinth, and the island of Cytherea off the coast of Lakedaimonia. Beyond Hellas the island of Cyprus was famed for its Mystery cult of the goddess. Aphrodite was also worshipped with private rituals and prayers.
One of the aspects of Aprodite's worship that has always fascinated me is Her connection to doves. Aphrodite's jewel-encrusted, golden chariot was drawn through the sky by a team of doves. The Syrian Aphrodite Astarte was said to have been hatched from an egg nursed by doves. In Hellenic art, Aphrodite's doves symbolize the pure, spiritual aspect of love, rather than physical love.
Aphrodite's primary festival, the Aphrodesia, also had a very special place for doves. An inscription on a stele of Hymettian marble found near the Beulé


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clusters. Depending on the variety and clone of vine, peak years generally fall between 30 and 60 years of age. The oldest of Washington's vines are just entering their 4th decade. If Washington wines are this great now, imagine what will become when the vines mature!
World Class Wine Growers
Progressive Community - Washington grape growers are well aware of the youth of our industry in comparison to other established wine regions around the world. In the need to learn relatively quickly, they realized that there was strength in unity, global information sharing, focused academic study and old fashioned hard work. Today, Washington State is among the leaders in sustainable viticultural techniques in the world.
- Washington Assocation of Wine Grape Growers: An entire organization exists that is dedicated to the enhancement of the quality of grapes and growers' livelihoods leads. (_URL_)
- Exposure to World: Taking a cue from our winemaking brethren from Australia and California, Washington has made great strides in reaching beyond our state lines and sharing information with the talented grape growers around the world.
- National and international Viticulure and Enology Program graduates from such notable institutions as Washington State University, University of California at Davis, Bordeaux School of Enology and more.
- Foreign partnerships for world class wines, including Renzo Cotarella of Antinori in Italy, Michel Rolland of Le Bon Pasteur in Bordeaux in France, Ernst Loosen of Dr. Loosen in Germany, John Duval (formerly) of Penfolds Grange in South Australia and many other contributors large and small.
- Vineyard Practices Topnotch: Given our unique growing conditions, there are certain wine growing techniques required above and beyond what most world class wine regions do.
- Canopy Management for early morning eastern facing vines facing the cool, gently morning sun vs. western vines facing the long, strong afternoon sun.
- Nighttime/early morning harvest both by hand and machine to preserve higher acid levels in grapes for balance.
- Frost/Freeze Insurance Measures such as layering (burying suckers off the trunk to protect against the cold air above ground) and some wind machines are employed.
- Sustainable Farming with internationally respected certification bodies such as VINEA and LIVE.
- Water Management: Washington State has the good fortune of having incredible water sources to rely on for irrigation in such a dry area as Eastern Washington. This allows absolute control as to when the vine is given moisture and how much is given, which contributes to grape ripeness, lack of sugar dilution, canopy management and flavor developoment. Growers employ state of the art technology such as Neutron Probes, Troxler Readings and Tensiometers to monitor and apply irrigation when necessary.
- Clonal Vine and Grape Understanding: Washington is a New World leader in studying which clones ripen under the varying climatic conditions of Eastern Washington.


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**disclaimer: If any of the images belong to you and if you want credit or want them removed please email me**
MEANINGS & LEGENDS OF FLOWERS (P)
Common Names: ~Hearts-ease~ ~Tickle-my fancy~
Pansy is a type of violet. Taken from the French word ~panse,~ it meant ~romantic thought~ to the Victorians. Pansy was one of the ingredients in a Celtic love potion. Pansy was supposed to have magical love powers. The petals being heart-shaped, were thought to cure a broken heart.
According to a German legend the pansy once had a wonderful, strong scent. People came from miles to smell the flower. By doing this the people would destroy the grass around the pansies. The pansy prayed to God for help because the feed for the cattle was being trampled. God took the scent of the pansy away, but gave it great beauty instead.
Pansy is associated with St. Valentine's Day and has long been exchanged by lovers. According to legend, pansies should not be picked while the dew is upon them, for that would cause the death of a loved one, with as many tears shed before the next full moon. Attesting to this was William Shakespeare when speaking of the pansy in ~A Midsummer Night's Dream,~ with pansy juice on her eyes, sleeping Titania fell in love with the first creature she saw when she awoke.
Family: Umbelliferae/Apiaceae (carrot family)
Common Names: ~Italian Parsley~ ~Hamburg Parsley~ ~Turnip-rooted Parsley~
Parsley has been cultivated since the 3rd century BC. It spread to the Americas in the 17th century and is one of the most widely used culinary herbs in the United States. It's Latin name Petroselinum comes from Greek ~pétros~ meaning ~rock~ or ~stone.~
Parsley is one of the essential plants in a witch's garden. According to medieval legend, parsley seeds went to the devil nine times and back before they germinated. That belief stems from the earlier Greek belief that parsley seeds visited the underworld nine times before sprouting.
Parsley was dedicated to Persephone, the wife of Hades and Queen of the Underworld. Tombs were decorated with parsley wreaths, and these wreaths were also awarded to the winners of the Nemean games, which were the descendants of funeral games commemorating the death of important personages. Chrysippus thought that eating parsley was a sin, since parsley honored the dead at funeral feasts. The Greeks used the phrase ~to be in need of parsley~ to denote someone who was close to death.
In England it was believed that:
Parsley grows for the wicked, but not for the just.
A parsley field will bring a man to his saddle and a woman to her grave.
When parsley's grown in the garden, there'll be a death before the year's out.
To dream of cutting parsley is a bad omen as the dreamer will be ~crossed in love.~
In Devonshire it's believed that transplanting parsley brings bad luck and the owner or his family will be punished within the year.
Medieval Europeans believed that one could kill an enemy by plucking a sprig while speaking the person's name.
The Romans and the ancient Greeks used Parsley as a garnish and flavoring. They put it around their necks during banquets for it was thought to absorb the fumes of the wine. It was placed on plates to protect the food from contamination and used in baths for purification and keeping misfortune away. The Romans believed parsley could prevent intoxication and were the first people to consume it in large quantities.
It takes twelve pounds of fresh Parsley to make one pound of dried. Dried Parsley is used as a garnish in soups, meats, vegetables, and sauces. Parsley is a great cleansing herb. Pregnant woman should not use parsley for it may bring on an early labor, and it is not suitable if one has kidney problems. Parsley tea is refreshing and chewing the sprigs relieve indigestion and urinary problems. The roots are more powerful than the leaves. For insect bites, squeeze parsley juice onto the sting for a quick relief. Infuse parsley into a lotion to help clear freckles.
Common Names:~ Pasque Flower~ ~Wind Flower~ ~Meadow Anemone~ ~Passe Flower~ ~Easter Flower~ ~Shamefaced Maiden~
Pasque Flower grows wild in dry soils of Central and Northern Europe. Anemone pulsatilla, comes from the Greek word ~atienios~ meaning ~itching~ and from the Latin ~pulsate~ meaning to ~beat or to strike~ because the flowers ~pulsates with the wind~ so the name ~pulsatilla.~
It was used to colour the Paschal eggs in some countries. The juice of the purple sepals gives a green stain to paper and linen, but it is not permanent. Eggs were boiled with pulsatilla flowers to dye them green for spring festivals. The custom was later adopted by Christians for coloring Easter eggs and since the flowers appear traditionally during Easter time, it got it's English name ~Pasch~ or ~Pasque Flower.~ Another popular English name for the plant is ~Shamefaced Maiden.~
It was first used by Arabian physicians as a external application for ulcers, for the inflammation of eyes, toothache and headache. It was introduced into homoeopathy in 1805. The plant has a strong acrid taste, but is eaten by both sheep and goats, though cows and horses do not touch it.
Common Name: ~Wild Passion Flower~ ~Wild Water Lemon~ ~Love-in-a-mist~ ~May-pop~ ~ Grandilla~ ~Maracoc~ ~Passion Vine~ ~Apricot Vine~
The colloquial name for this plant is ~May-pop~ which refers to the tendency for its edible fruit to pop when stepped upon. It is a woody vine which bears small berry-like fruit called ~Granadilla~ or ~Water Lemon.~ Passion Flower is unique among the old religious flower symbols because it focused on Christianity and also provided a visual means of teaching the Gospel in an era where there were no printed materials. Passionflower blossoms have been used as a meditative aid. The flower can be hypnotic.
Historically it has been associated with Jesuit priests, in South America during the early 17th century. The symbolism of the Passion Flower, a native genus of the tropical Americas, was discerned by a Mexican Augustinian Friar Emmanuel de Villegas, who reported it in Europe in the year 1610.
It includes the following:
The spiraled tendrils - the Lash of Christ's Scourging
The central flower column - the pillar of the Scourging
The 72 radial filaments - the Crown of Thorns
The top 3 stigma - the 3 Nails
The lower 5 anthers - the 5 wounds
The leaves - the head of the Centaurian's Spear
The red stains - Christ's Blood Drops
The Round Fruit - The World Christ came to save
Early Americans applied the crushed leaves as a poultice to treat bruises. They also brewed the woody vines and drank the tea to soothe their nerves. It was used as a tranquilizer to treat insomnia, fatigue, tension, and muscle spasms. It seems to have a narcotic like effect when taken internally. The Passionflower has no known toxicity but it should be used conservitively.
Hawaiian name: Pa'u-o-Hi'iaka
Indigenous to Hawaii, this plant also grows in Mexico, the West Indies, and Africa. Meaning ~Skirt of Hi'iaka~ this coastal vine has pale blue flowers. Legend tells us that the Goddess Pele returning to the beach from a lengthy fishing trip found that the vine had spread over her baby sister, Hi'iaka, protecting her from the sun's rays.
Ancient Hawaiians used the leaves and stems medicinally as a cathartic and to treat thrush.
Common Name: ~Spathiphyllum~ ~White Flag~
Hawaiian name: Nana-honau'
Evergreen perennials native to Malaysia, Colombia and Venezuala. The name Spathiphyllum comes from the Greek ~spathe~ meaning ~bract~ and ~phyllon~ meaning ~leaf~ due to the flowers being leaf like in shape.
Common Names: ~Plant of Healing~ ~Happy Life~ ~Prosperity~
Peony is named for Paeon, a deity of healing. Paeon was a student of Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing. He was instructed by Leto (Apollo's mother and goddess of fertility) to obtain a magical root growing on Mount Olympus that would soothe the pain of women in childbirth. Asclepius became jealous and threatened to kill his pupil. Zeus saved Paeon from the wrath of Asclepius by changing him into the peony flower. Peony seeds were used on pregnant women in ancient times.
The Peony represents the Royal Families of China. They call it the ~Sho-yo~ which means ~medicinal herb plant~ The root of ~Sho-yao~ was what first interested the Chinese. It is the ~flower of prosperity~ and is a symbol of wealth and beauty. There is a legendary story about a peony from the Temple of Sorim, NakYang. Queen Mu had a party in the capital city of Jang


Macha, Otmar (_PHONE_) 馬查
Macha, Otmar (_PHONE_) 馬查
Czech composer, musical director and dramaturgist. After high school in Ostrava he studied composition at the Conservatory of Prague under prof. Ridky. Since 1945 he worked for Czechoslovak Radio as musical director, dramaturgist and editor. Since 1970's he devoted all his time to music. He was influenced by moravian folk music, most of all in the early small compositions (songs, chamber music). Gradually, he headed towards larger musical units distinguished by melodical and rhytmical creativity. All his time he comes back to works for children, starting from nursery rhymes and songs to musical tales in form of melodrama.


Hugin Coding Style Guide
Consistent application of a style makes life easier for everybody. You'll find other people's code more readable, and they will find your code more readable. While nobody will tap on your fingers for not following these conventions to the letter, it is highly recommended that you familiarize with them and follow them.
History and Status of this Document
This document started from a discussion on coding style and consistency. It is currently just a collection of the wisdom and opinion of Hugin contributors and we won't do hard enforcement / policing, but it would be nice if we could all stick to the same convention and make the code more readable and manageable for everyobdy.
Naming Conventions
Contraction Lists
The list is incomplete.
Document your code (or the code you are reading and understanding) with doxygen. Doxygen is a useful tool and can also be used to create other documentation that just class interface descriptions. It works by prefixing the function prototypes with a special comment. Pablo usually puts the documentation in the header files.
The basic usage is very javadoc like:
/** One sentence class description
 * more detailed description
 * _USER_ pet the cat more often
 * _USER_ might scratch if annoyed
class Cat
 /** hunt food
 * _USER_ prey type of animals that we should hunt
 * _USER_ true if the cat is sated
 bool HuntFood(Prey prey);
Identify Work in Progress
Comments and inline-documentation are always welcome, please give them lines of their own and don't append them to existing code:
exit(); do_stuff(); //Don't do this
File Names
Try to keep one class per file, and give the file a meaningful name in CamelCase.
Code Layout
Spacing and indentation contirbute a lot to the readability of the code. Use them liberally.
There are many different indentation styles. 1TBS (like the Linux Kernel) is the preferred one. However it is more important to keep consistency within a file, so if you are editing a file with a different convention, adopt it (or read the clean up section of this style guide).
if (1 == 0) {
} else {
Use spaces instead of tabulators (to maintain consistency across editors). The preferred indentation is four spaces for one tab, but most important is to keep consistency within a single file.
I would not go into that much detail. or maybe we should adopt/adapt a strict coding guide like Blender?
Line Ends
Set your editor to Unix-style line ending (LF) - not Windows' LF+CR. Or if you are on Windows, use the Mercurial EOL extension.
To prevent accidentally committing a file with Windows line endings, you can add the following snippet to your global.hgrc or mercurial.ini file:
pretxncommit.crlf = python:hgext.win32text.forbidcrlf
Character Set
Ideally we are striving to use UTF-8, but because Windows has issue dealing with it, the wxWidgets XRC ressources are ISO-8859-1.
Multiple Statements on one Line
Avoid multiple statements on one line, it makes the code harder to read.
Line Width
Try to keep line width below 80 characters.
It is tempting to clean up old code while fixing bugs or adding new code. Please don't - it makes the committ (diff!) much more difficult to read / understand. Keep style clean up committs separated and mention them as such in the log message.
It is important that nobody goes around changing existing code to suit without thinking about it first - We have several branches waiting to be merged, changing the amount of whitespace makes that difficult, and splitting or joining lines of code makes it enormously more so.
Work in Progress
If something needs work, mark it with a // FIXME or // TODO comment so that a grep will reveal places that needs attention. Gedit automatically highlights TODO and FIXME.
For minor changes, feel free to commit directly into the default codeline. For everything else, branch out. Branches are cheap.
Strings for Translation
Release branches are string-frozen. Strings for translation are updated prior to branching and in principle no new string shall be added to a release branch. An exception may be requested if the underlying motive is important enough. The request must receive the support of a significant majority of developers (coders, builders, translators) to be granted. Silence is interpreted as supportive of the request.
API stability
Release branches are frozen regarding classes/function/namespace names and functions parameters. An exception may be requested if the underlying motive is important enough. The request must receive the support of a significant majority of developers (coders and scripters) to be granted. Silence is interpreted as supportive of the request.
**
** Copyright (C)
** the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
** (at your option) any later version.
** GNU General Public License for more details.
** along with this program. If not, see <>.
Goto / Case Labels
Try to write code that is linear to read and does not jump all over the place too much.
Compilation Warnings and Diagnostic Output
Try to prevent compiler warnings.
Encapsulate diagnostic output in a condition and commit it so that by default there is no diagnostic output. Consider that some CMake output must be clicked away on Windows while it is just an extra line of display in Linux.
Return to main page.


text:
Why use Aquakat?
Water is one of our most precious resources, we take it for granted. But what is it and how do we use it?
H2O – Uses:
- Food Preparation
- Leisure and Sport
- Heating System
- Cooling Systems
- Plants and Livestock
- Energy and Information Carrier
- Solvent carrying e.g. soap and detergent
H2O – The human body:
- 70% of our body is water (up to 90% of our brain and blood)
- The daily water demand is 0.03 Litre per kg body weight
- Metabolic processes are only possible with water
- Optimal renal activity is only possible with a adequate water supply
We all need water supplied into our homes and work premises. As everyone knows to achieve this we use a vast network of pipes, but in doing this we put the water under pressure.
This makes water lose its vitality and solvent carrying capacity, making the water less palatable and increasing problems such as limescale build up in pipes, fittings and machinery.
An innovative range of water vitalisation devices designed and manufactured in Switzerland.
Revitalise water making it more spring like and better tasting just as nature intended.
- No maintenance
- Easy to Install simply fits alongside or around mains pipes
- Requires no power supply
- No magnets
- Reduces use of chemicals
- Lasts for years
- Improved solubility capacity
- Softer water
- Available in various sizes for use in Industry
- Commercial Premises


text: A genus of aerobic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria containing short, motile or nonmotile, gram-negative rods. Motile cells are peritrichous. Glucose and lactose are fermented with the production of acid and gas. These organisms are found in feces; some are pathogenic to humans, causing enteritis, peritonitis, cystitis, and other disorders. It is the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The type species is Escherichia coli.


What is Texas sage used for?
Asked By: Melitina Landaribar | Last Updated: 22nd June, 2020
Category: shopping couponing
4.4/5 (21 Views. 29 Votes)
Leucophyllums can be used in a wide range of landscape situations, included focal points, visual and wind screening, accents, and wildlife habitat. With the onset of summer monsoons, leucophyllum explodes in a burst of color, giving it the nickname barometer plant.
Click to see full answer
Herein, what is Texas sage good for?
Texas sage is a classic in the American Southwest. What is a Texas sage shrub? As a native plant, it provides cover for wild animals and birds and helps stabilize loose desert soils. This adaptable plant is drought tolerant and useful in areas with high heat and cold desert temperatures.
Subsequently, question is, how do you take care of Texas sage? Texas sage does not need rich soil to thrive and prefers dry but well-draining alkaline soil with infrequent watering. Stop watering the plant during winter. It is a water-conserving plant and only needs occasional watering. This makes Texas sage ideal for xeriscape gardens and dry soil is ideal for older plants.
Likewise, can you eat Texas sage?
It also helps that almost the entire shrub is edible some way. The blossoms, yellow or red, can be eaten raw or cooked. Their flavor is mild.
How quickly does Texas sage grow?
The Texas Sage is a fairly slow growing plant, and may take up to two years to become fully established and bloom reliably. Once established the Texas Sage is extremely drought tolerant, requires very little supplemental water, and will bloom after a good rain storm.
29 Related Question Answers Found
How much water does a Texas sage need?
Water newly planted Texas sage every five to seven days for a few weeks until it's well established, allowing the top 2 inches of soil to dry out between watering sessions. After that, rainfall should be enough in most climates. If rainfall is below average, water the plant in summer to promote flowering.
Is Texas sage poisonous to dogs?
Commonly called barometer bush or Texas sage, Leucophyllum frutescens has green or silver leaves and seasonal blooms, most commonly shaded purple. Barometer bush is not typically toxic to dogs, but can shelter allergens and other poisonous animals or matter.
Does Texas sage attract butterflies?
Bloom Time
Texas sage most often blooms after summer showers and does bloom repeatedly in waves from spring through fall, especially after rains moisten the soil. Other benefits of Texas sage are its interesting foliage and its ability to attract butterflies and other beneficial insects.
Do bees like Texas sage?
Texas Sage Plant Features
The flowers attract bees, butterflies, and other polliantors.
Does Texas sage loose leaves in winter?
ANSWER: Leucophyllum frutescens (Cenizo), or Texas sage, is a dry land plant that responds very strongly to weather conditions. It often loses leaves following a cold winter. Texas sage can be pruned severely if desired without permanent damage.
Is Texas sage an evergreen?
As you might have guessed, Texas sage originated in Texas, but also in New Mexico, and across the border, in northern Mexico. It is an evergreen shrub, with grayish-green leaves and purple flowers. Texas sage also goes by the names of Texas Ranger and Silverleaf. It's a perennial which will bloom on its own every year.
Can you cut back Texas sage?
If left to grow naturally, Texas sage develops uneven branches and an unruly appearance. Pruning is not necessary, but an occasional trim keeps the shrub looking neat. Ideally, pruning should occur in late winter before Texas sage produces new growth.
Why is my Texas sage not blooming?
Texas Sage thrives in full sun and well-drained alkaline soil. They will tolerate a bit of shade, but too much shade will result in leggy plants that don't bloom heavily. Supplemental water in summer will help plants grow faster and bloom more, but over-watering or poor drainage will kill Texas sage quickly.
What is Cenizo good for?
Comments: Cenizo is popular for xeriscaping in Texas - it is a good choice for foundation planting and hedges, and is useful as a windbreak barrier or a screen. It is not unusual to see Cenizo as a sheared hedge, although light pruning to maintain a more natural shape may result in a healthier shrub.
What is Purple Sage good for?
Highly aromatic, Purple Sage is the most effective medicinal variety of Sage but stands cold the least. It can be made into teas to aide in digestion, used as an anti inflammatory agent for insect bites and can relive chest colds and congestion.
Can you cook with Purple Sage?
Purple sage can be used in place of common garden sage or when an added pop of color is desired. Purple sage develops optimal flavor when cooked in fat such as butter, olive oil, or bacon. Pan fry fresh Purple sage leaves until crispy for a uniquely colored garnish for quiches, pastas, risotto or other dishes.
What does it mean when purple sage blooms?
It tells you when it may rain! A drought-tolerant, evergreen shrub, this pretty, silver-leafed bush can bloom tubular-shaped blossoms that are a bold purple in color. Actual rainfall may not occur, but the plant is sensitive to changes in barometric pressure and humidity, and therefore it blossoms.
How do you prune a Texas Ranger?
Prune the shrub in the late winter or early spring when it is dormant. Cut out any dead or broken branches with a pair of pruning shears. Make each cut 1/4 inch above an outward-facing leaf bud, lateral branch or branch base. Remove any crossing branches that rub against other limbs.
Why is my Texas sage yellow?
How do you transplant Texas sage?
The shrub can get established and form a good root system during the cool, wet season when conditions are mild.
 1. Clear the planting area and remove rocks, weeds, roots and sticks.
 2. Soak the container the Texas sage is in 24 hours before planting.
Is Texas sage drought tolerant?
Very drought tolerant. Requires excellent drainage. The Texas sage is a fairly slow-growing plant, and may take up to 2 years to become fully established and bloom reliably. Once established, the Texas Sage is extremely drought tolerant, requires very little supplemental water, and will bloom after a good rain storm.
What does Texas sage look like?
Handsome and hardy, Texas sage is an outstanding South Florida landscape choice with its silvery foliage, purple flowers and drought-tolerant nature. The lavender to purple blossoms appear on and off all year amidst small, soft, silver or gray-green leaves.


text:
China's largest, hottest, and driest desert sits in the westernmost part of the country. Filling the Tarim Basin,
Dust blew out of the Taklimakan Desert in early November 2012. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this natural-color image on November 2, 2012. Part of the Taklimakan Desert appears along the left edge of the image. Dust plumes—thick enough in places to completely hide the land surface—blow away from the basin's eastern margin.
- World Wildlife Fund, McGinley, M. (2007) Taklamakan Desert. Encyclopedia of Earth. Accessed November 2, 2012.
NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Caption by Michon Scott.
- Terra - MODIS


Fork me on GitHub
Fusebox 5.6
FuseBox 5.6 - Project Plan
Vision for Fusebox
Fusebox 5.6 is backwards compatible with versions 5.x and 4.x
Initial Goals
 1. Documentation of the Internals of the Framework
 2. We want for the community to be able to pick up an issue and do the work themselves. From there they could provide us with a patch that would contain the fix. In order for us to expect developers to do this. We need to provide some documentation on how the framework works on the inside.
 3. Provide Examples on how to fork and patch
 4. Create documentation on how to fork and submit a patch back to the main project.
 5. Write Selenium Tests and Applications to test against
 6. Write a couple of different small Fusebox applications that can be used to test the framework. After those are finished create some Selenium tests to test the applications given different versions of Fusebox. The overall goal here is to create a simple way to do backwards compatibility testing in combination with continuous integration. Also get some complete applications from the community to test Fusebox changes on.
 7. Document small initial performance improvements
 8. Go through the code and create tickets for small performance improvements that we can see.
 9. Improved error reporting
 10. Give better error reports when there is a mistake in one of the fusebox or circuit XML files that will help a user (especially a new user) see where the mistake is in their code.
 11. Continuous Integration
 12. Either a Jenkins or Bamboo server will be made public containing the results of the CI for the framework. All commiters will be on the notification list of failed or successful builds.
 13. Move project to github
 14. We will move the project to github to allow for easier forking and code management.
 1. Simplify
 2. Archive what is there
 3. Recognize the community patchers that have helped the most
 4. Figure out a way to connect with the community while keeping things civil
 5. The biggest parts of the site are
 1. how to get involved
 2. how to use the framework
 3. documentation wiki
The goal of the roles is to keep the organizational structure flat. While thousands of people patch to the linux project. There are very few that can commit to the core kernel. Seeing that Fusebox is the most prevalent framework still I don't think we need an Evangelist or anything like that. Let the framework stand and grow on its own.
We will keep the commiters to a minimum. A goal would be to have at least 3 people who could commit but no more than 6. A commiter's role would be to ensure code quality and that the changes being commited are in the best interest of the overall project. Major architecture decisions will be made by the commiters only after asking input from the community. Setup a voting process where the community could vote on major decisions before a major change is made.
A commiter codes for the best of the framework (not from ego), is responsive to community feedback, and has good attention to detail to ensure bug free releases.
Community Patchers
The community can contribute back to the project by creating patches and fixing issues
Community Documenters
These help improve the user documentation on the wiki. They are good at explaining concepts in simple terms and making items consistent.
Ideas for new development
 1. A way to configure the request to either pull a model file or hit a service layer
 2. tag libs for UI controls
 3. lots of examples for real world development
 4. Security
 5. SAML
 6. OAuth
Project Ownership and Copyright
The project will remain in the Apache License. The copyright will be removed as most modern project no longer need or have a copyright. The domain ownership will be transferred initially to John Blayter. The domain ownership shall only be owned by a commiter of at least 3 months. The rights of the domain ownership must be given up if 50% or more of the commiters vote to have it moved to another commiter.
Communication plan
who is saying what, where and when about the transfer? eg news on site announcing change. Post to mailing list(s). It will help you if (most) fuseboxers are behind the change. They will want to know how it will affect them and what will improve. A change FAQ would be helpful here. And I also suggest inviting people to help out as patchers or documenters. Explaining how they can join in. Don't want yet another repeat of the us vs them / insiders battles which we have had in the past.
Change FAQ
Q: Will Fusebox still be free?
A: Yes. Still under Apache open soruce Liciense
Q: Who will control Fusebox?
A: Anyone in the Fusebox community can make changes which will be committed to the code base by experienced Fusebox users (Committers)
Q: Who are the current committers
A: Please see the current contributors
Q: How can I become a committer
A: Yes you can become a committer but why don't you start as a community patcher.


text:
Molecular phylogeny of the African pygmy mice, subgenus Nannomys (Rodentia, Murinae, Mus): Implications for chromosomal evolution
Molecular phylogenies based on sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP genes are assessed on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling of African pygmy mice (subgenus Nannomys of the genus Mus). They represent a taxonomically diversified group of morphologically similar species, and exhibit an important chromosomal diversity, particularly involving sex-autosome translocations, one of the rarest and most deleterious chromosomal changes among mammals. The results show that the species sampled are genetically well differentiated, and that chromosomal rearrangements offer accurate diagnostic characters for discriminating most species. Furthermore, the species carrying different sex-autosome translocations appear monophyletic, suggesting that a genome modification allowing a higher rate of occurrence and/or fixation of such translocations took place, leading to the emergence of this lineage. In addition to taxonomic and biogeographical clarifications, we provide a temporal framework within which patterns of genic and chromosomal evolution are discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
stands or on the ground. Hunters in lines are a hundred yards to one hundred and fifty yards apart.
The fourth method is known as spot and stalk hunting, which consists of spotting and then stalking in close enough to shoot the deer. Spot and stalk hunting is generally a method of hunting used in places where there are large visible areas, such as mountainous terrain or rolling hills.
The fifth method is known as dog hunting. This method uses dogs to chase the deer. A group of hunters draw numbers out of a hat to determine what "stand" they are going to. The hunter then goes to the number he drew, and hopes the dogs will chase the deer by him. This method of hunting uses shotguns with Buckshot. However, in some states such as Wisconsin, it is illegal to use this method to hunt whitetail deer.
A sixth method, often used by bow hunters, and some gun hunters, during breeding seasons, is to use scents and decoys to draw bucks into range for a successful shot. This can be very effective during the "rut". Hunters use doe in esterous scent to pique a buck's interest and decoys to fix the visual interest of the buck away from the hunter, who is often concealed in a blind or tree stand.
There are other things involved in deer hunting that will result in a successful hunt: A healthy deer herd is one of the most important factors contributing to a successful hunting season. Preparation is important; a hunter will scout areas they plan to hunt several months before the season opens. One way a hunter may scout is by placing a remote camera, commonly referred to as a trail camera or game camera, in locations that show recent deer activity. These cameras, using infrared radiation, take photos when triggered by heat or pre-determined time intervals, and give hunter an idea of what deer may be in the area. Hunters then view camera photos individually or use trail camera photo software to help them pattern specific bucks and decide where to hunt.
They will also plant food plots to bring deer to the area or bait the area with corn or oats. They will build tree stands or make ground blinds. They will sight in rifles to make sure the guns shoot straight. They will make sure they have lures, food, water, and all equipment necessary for hunting. Hunting cabins will be stocked with food and water.
Another method used for hunting which is very important is camouflage. It is designed to break up your human outline so you will not be spotted easily by the animal you may be hunting. For instance deer, deer are color blind and all they see is black, white, and grey colors. using camouflage which has greens, blacks, grays, light brown, dark brown, and all sorts of different shades are made to make you blend in to your surroundings. Breaking up the human outline and blending in will give you that much more of an advantage on not being spotted by deer which will help you be more successful while hunting.
Methods of pursuing game and corresponding seasons are subject to government regulations, which are determined by each state.
United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
The vast majority of deer hunted in the UK are stalked. The phrase deer hunting is used to refer (in England and Wales) to the traditional practice of chasing deer with packs of hounds, currently illegal under the Hunting Act 2004.
In the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were several packs of staghounds hunting "carted deer" in England and Ireland. Carted deer were red deer kept in captivity for the sole purpose of being hunted and recaptured alive. More recently, there were three packs of staghounds hunting wild red deer of both sexes on or around Exmoor and the New Forest Buckhounds hunting fallow deer bucks in the New Forest, the latter disbanding in 1997. The practice of hunting with hounds, other than using two hounds to flush deer to be shot by waiting marksmen, has been banned in the UK since 2005; to date, two people have been convicted of breaking the law.
Most of the deer hunting in Scandinavia is by hunters driving the game towards other hunters posted in strategic locations in the terrain, though there is also a fair bit of stalking.
Prehistoric cave painting of a deer in Cueva de La Pasiega, Spain
An example of a Goguryeo tomb mural of hunting, Korea
Goddess Diana as hunter
(Peter Rubens )
Archery season usually opens before the gun season and may continue for after the gun season has ended. Modern compound bows and recurve bows are used, as well as some longbows. Bows usually have a draw of 35 pounds (15.9 kg) or more. Most hunters use sixty pound (27.2 kg) draw weight with aluminum or carbon fiber arrows although wooden arrows are still used. Crossbows were once more used by disabled hunters who wanted an opportunity to still hunt during archery season. However, in the recent years many states have legalized the use of crossbows for all hunters and thus invite new enthusiasts to take part in the market.
Rifles, shotguns, and pistols are all commonly used for hunting deer. Most regions place limits on the minimum caliber or gauge to be used. Most states require centerfire rifles which is of a caliber larger than.229 in diameter. States that allow shotguns, the minimum gauge is twenty gauge or larger, which includes 16 gauge, 12 gauge and 10 gauge. When hunting with a shotgun, a bullet is used, which is called a shotgun slug. A shotgun slug is a round piece of lead or copper that may or may not have a pointed tip. Its compacted in a paper or plastic shell. Pistols are centerfire which include.357 or.44 magnum. Rimfire rifles of.22 caliber are often prohibited due to the inability of the caliber to kill a deer effectively which brings about ethical concerns.
Muzzleloader hunting is becoming a popular way of hunting with the introduction of many new muzzleloaders that use more practical techniques of reloading shots and appeal to a more broad range of hunters. Most states require that the muzzleloader be a.45 caliber or larger, with.50 caliber being a very popular caliber by means of availability. Muzzleloader hunting has broken itself down into two categories with the use of traditional muzzleloaders and the use of modern muzzleloaders. Traditional involves the use of open sighted rifles, probably with the use of a side locking mechanism that either hammers a cap to ignite the charge or a sparking mechanism known as a flint-lock that sparks and ignites the charge inside the barrel. Ammunition among traditionalists include whole lead shot which may be a ball but bullet shapes have become popular for their accuracy. Powder is measured and poured when doing traditional hunting. Modern muzzleloaders have become advanced in that they are able to perform well alongside some cartridge rifles. CNC machining allows for more accurate barrels. Magnified scopes are normally seen mounted if the state the hunter is in allows the use of scopes on muzzleloaders. Another recent change is that some hunters now use high-pressure smokeless powder in specially-built muzzleloaders instead of low-pressure black powder, requiring less powder to be used and getting a more powerful and accurate shot. Available ammunition now includes saboted rounds consisting of a small-diameter bullet surrounded by a large-diameter sabot which drops away from the bullet as it exits the muzzle. Saboted rounds are usually a copper-jacketed bullet (much like what is used to load cartridge ammunition) encased with a plastic sleeve that seals the barrel for a more powerful and consistent shot than traditional muzzleloader ammunition.
Hunting deer with edged weapons, such as the lance or sword, is still practiced in continental Europe. In such hunts, the hunters are mounted on horseback, and use packs of deerhound or greyhound dogs to track and drive deer.
Hunters employ many tools including camouflage clothing, tree stands or blinds of wood or metal, axes, knives, vehicles, chainsaws, deer calls, lures, walkie talkies, cell phones, and handheld GPS units.
Regulations often limit the type of weapons that may be used, as well as accessories and communications devices. For instance, in many cases only calibers beyond a certain size and power may be used, to reduce the chance that the animal will be wounded but not quickly killed. Similarly, hunting with lights, night-vision devices, and radio communications is often restricted. The regulations may vary from season to season and depending on the jurisdiction.
- Bayou Bucks (documentary)
- Big Buck Hunter
- Deer Act 1980 (in the UK)
- Deer farm
- Deer horn
- Deer Hunter - video game
- Deer Avenger - video game
- Deerskin trade
- Reindeer hunting in Greenland
- James Jordan Buck
- Hole in the Horn Buck
- _URL_ Hunting today - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
- "Deer Hunting Zones and Seasons". Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
- Naturenet: Shooting, Hunting and Angling Seasons. Naturenet - Countryside Management & Nature Conservation.
- Forests and Chases of England and Wales: A Glossary. St John's College, Oxford.
- Game Council NSW
- Bentley, A (1967), An Introduction to the Deer of Australia.
- "Hunting blind".
- Gegelman, Andrew, Spot and Stalk Hunting - The Lost Art. Nodak Outdoors.
- 1hafc Deer Hunting Advice. Hunting And Fishing In Colorado.
- "DeerLab". DeerLab Trail Camera Photo Software. October 1, 2013.
- "Hunting