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Armed Forces Day in United States
Quick FactsArmed Forces Day is a national observance in the United States on the third Saturday of May each year.
|Armed Forces Day||English|
|Día de las Fuerzas Armadas||Spanish|
Armed Forces Day 2013Saturday, May 18, 2013
Armed Forces Day 2014Saturday, May 17, 2014
List of dates for other years
Many Americans celebrate Armed Forces Day annually on the third Saturday of May. It is a day to pay tribute to men and women who serve the United States' armed forces. Armed Forces Day is also part of Armed Forces Week, which begins on the second Saturday of May.
What do people do?
Many events across the United States take place on Armed Forces Day to honor Americans in uniform who served their country in times of war and peace. Those who are honored on this day include people who serve the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force and Coast Guard. National Guard and Reserve units may celebrate Armed Forces Day/Week over any period in May because of their unique training schedules. Events and activities may include:
- Multi-service military displays in areas open for the public.
- Various educational activities that teach children about the armed forces.
- "Support the Troops" themed motorcycle rides.
- Large parades and other local celebrations.
Certain types of music are also played at Armed Forces Day events, including at memorials and at cemeteries, as a way to respect those in the armed forces who died for their country. For example, buglers have played a bugle call, known simply as Taps, on Armed Forces Day in recent years. Taps is usually sounded by the United States military at events such as flag ceremonies, memorial services and funerals.
Traffic and parking may be affected in areas where large-scale events are held for Armed Forces Day.
On August 31, 1949, Louis Johnson, who was the United States' Secretary of Defense, announced the creation of an Armed Forces Day to replace separate Army, Navy and Air Force Days. The event stemmed from the armed forces' unification under one department – the Department of Defense. The Army, Navy and Air Force leagues adopted the newly formed day. The Marine Corps League declined to drop support for Marine Corps Day but supports Armed Forces Day too.
The first Armed Forces Day was celebrated on Saturday, May 20, 1950. The theme for that day was "Teamed for Defense", which expressed the unification of all military forces under one government department. According to the U.S. Department of Defense, the day was designed to expand public understanding of what type of job was performed and the role of the military in civilian life.
Armed Forces Day was a day for the military to show "state-of-the-art" equipment to Americans. It was also a day to honor and acknowledge Americans in the armed forces. Parades, open houses, receptions and air shows were held at the inaugural Armed Forces Day. Armed Forces Day is still celebrated nationwide today and is part of Armed Forces Week.
Posters and other material used to promote Armed Forces Day often show images of Americans in the armed services dressed in their uniforms. Some posters show a collage of images, including images of those in the armed forces with their families or friends, as well as the United States Flag.
Some themes that were used for Armed Forces Day in the past included:
- Appreciation of a Nation
- Dedication and Devotion
- Freedom Through Unity
- Power for Peace
- Prepared to Meet the Challenge
- Special Opportunity for Thanks
- Teamed for Defense
These are only a few examples, and not a full list, of the Armed Forces Day themes in previous years.
Armed Forces Day Observances
|Weekday||Date||Year||Name||Holiday type||Where it is observed|
|Sat||May 17||1980||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 16||1981||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 15||1982||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 21||1983||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 19||1984||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 18||1985||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 17||1986||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 16||1987||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 21||1988||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 20||1989||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 19||1990||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 18||1991||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 16||1992||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 15||1993||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 21||1994||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 20||1995||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 18||1996||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 17||1997||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 16||1998||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 15||1999||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 20||2000||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 19||2001||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 18||2002||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 17||2003||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 15||2004||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 21||2005||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 20||2006||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 19||2007||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 17||2008||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 16||2009||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 15||2010||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 21||2011||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 19||2012||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 18||2013||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 17||2014||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
|Sat||May 16||2015||Armed Forces Day||Observance|
Other holidays in May 2013 in United States
- Loyalty Day ―Wednesday, May 1, 2013
- Law Day ―Wednesday, May 1, 2013
- National Day of Prayer ―Thursday, May 2, 2013
- World Press Freedom Day ―Friday, May 3, 2013
- Orthodox Good Friday ―Friday, May 3, 2013
- Rhode Island Independence Day ―Saturday, May 4, 2013
- Orthodox Holy Saturday ―Saturday, May 4, 2013
- Orthodox Easter ―Sunday, May 5, 2013
- Cinco de Mayo ―Sunday, May 5, 2013
- Orthodox Easter Monday ―Monday, May 6, 2013
- National Nurses Day ―Monday, May 6, 2013
- Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War ―Wednesday, May 8, 2013
- Truman Day ―Wednesday, May 8, 2013
- Ascension Day ―Thursday, May 9, 2013
- Confederate Memorial Day ―Friday, May 10, 2013
- World Migratory Bird Day ―Saturday, May 11, 2013
- Mother's Day ―Sunday, May 12, 2013
- Peace Officers Memorial Day ―Wednesday, May 15, 2013
- International Day of Families ―Wednesday, May 15, 2013
- Shavuot ―Wednesday, May 15, 2013
- World Information Society Day ―Friday, May 17, 2013
- National Defense Transportation Day ―Friday, May 17, 2013
- Pentecost ―Sunday, May 19, 2013
- Whit Monday ―Monday, May 20, 2013
- World Autoimmune Arthritis Day ―Monday, May 20, 2013
- World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development ―Tuesday, May 21, 2013
- National Maritime Day ―Wednesday, May 22, 2013
- Harvey Milk Day ―Wednesday, May 22, 2013
- International Day for Biological Diversity ―Wednesday, May 22, 2013
- Emergency Medical Services for Children Day ―Wednesday, May 22, 2013
- African Liberation Day ―Saturday, May 25, 2013
- National Missing Children's Day ―Saturday, May 25, 2013
- Towel Day ―Saturday, May 25, 2013
- Trinity Sunday ―Sunday, May 26, 2013
- Memorial


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Today we're going to follow up on the last blog post about the explosion of a meteorite over Chelyabinsk, Russia. The process of figuring out precise infrasound arrival times is quite a tricky process, the travel times depend on winds, humidity, and many other atmospheric variables that are hard to constrain over such a long travel path. I've had several fantastic discussions with Dr. Charles Ammon here at Penn State to try to obtain the infrasound data that was collected near the blast, but so far we have not been able to get it. When/if we do, expect another posting.
The focus of this post will actually be the seismic data near the blast. There are many seismometers all over the Earth that record the motion of the ground many times a second. After some discussion of the infrasound and seismic data available with Dr. Ammon, we found some really nice, simple results that would make a great laboratory assignment for an introductory seismology or geoscience class. The activity could range from reading times of arrivals on provided graphs for a non-majors class, to filtering and grid searching to estimate the precise detonation location for a more advanced class. I've provided the data and some thoughts on it below.
We'll consider data from five seismic observatories, the station names are ARU, BRVK, KURK, OBN, and ABKAR. Below is a map showing the station location, distance to the blast (red star), and a seismogram from that station. The seismogram shows how the ground is moving through time, in this case I'm showing the "Z" component. This really just means we're looking at how the ground is moving up and down, though these stations also record North/South and East/West movement. What we see is ground motion caused by the shock wave hitting the ground and that ground motion propagating away.
|Fig. 1 - Map view of the seismic stations used. Distance from the explosion, time after the explosion to a phase arrival, and arrival order (rank) are shown along with the seismogram. All seismograms begin at the instant of the explosion.|
It's common sense to expect the energy from the explosion to arrive at a later time at stations further away, which it does. Notice how the sharp peak corresponds to distance? We can actually make a plot of this and learn some more from the data. To do this, pick a feature that is easily identified in each waveform (we used the first trough) and record how many seconds after the blast it arrives at the instrument. We then plot that on the x-axis of a graph and the distance of the station from the blast on the y-axis. The result should be something like that shown in figure 2. Now we can use some basic math to figure out how fast this energy was traveling. The red line on the figure is the "best fit line" to the data. We use some basic statistics (a linear regression) to make this line, but any plotting program will do it for you. A line has a slope (how steep it is) and a y-intercept (where it touches the y-axis when x is zero). The slope of a line is how much the y values change per a certain change on the x axis, often taught as "rise over run" in the classroom. The slope of this line turns out to be about 3km/s. That's a pretty reasonable speed for surface waves (which these are) through the ground!
|Fig. 2 - The distance from the blast against arrival times. This data indicates the surface waves traveled about 3km/s, a reasonable speed.|
If we could pick out a "p-wave" in the data (difficult for reasons we will discuss), the intercept of the line would be the height above the ground that the blast happened. I haven't seen a really good estimate of the height, probably because the p-wave is hard to find and the speed of the meteorite. The meteorite was traveling about 40,000 mph when it exploded. It's hard to imagine something moving that fast, so let's change around the units: that's something like 11 miles every second!
The p-wave could be hard to see because 1) it's going to be relatively small, and 2) there are waves from an earthquake in Tonga arriving about the same time as the meteorite explosion. We know the waves we picked aren't from the tonga event, those would have arrived at all the stations at almost the same time because they were reflecting off the Earth's core. It would be an interesting project to play with trying to pick p-waves and/or estimate their arrival window by guessing the height of detonation.
We don't have to stop here though. This morning I saw this youtube video, a compilation of people recording the shockwave. The meteorite had streaked past, exploded, and they were recording this when the shock wave hit. Shockwaves behave in a funny way, but luckily it's been studied a lot by the government. Why? Nuclear weapons! Seismologists are commonly employed to determine if a nuclear test has taken place, and estimate it's size, location, etc. A lot of very interesting information on air-blast and it's interaction with buildings can be found in the book "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons". The book has lots of formulas and relations that could make many interesting lab exercises, but we'll just discuss reflection in this post.
A shock wave is really a front of very high air pressure that is propagating through some material. The high pressure is followed (in a developed shock wave) by a small, longer, suction, then a small overpressure. I've tried to locate meteorological observations and so far have only found hourly observations. If we can find short term observations we would expect to see wind rushing away from the blast, then more weakly towards it, then very weakly away from the blast. By knowing those wind velocities we could estimate the pressure differential that caused the shock. The local airport (station USCC) does report hourly average winds (data here). There is a small bump in the average winds between 9-10am local time, when the meteorite entered. The lack of a gust report though makes this observation a bit too shaky to use for a pressure estimate.
Shock waves move faster than the speed of sound if they are a high enough "overpressure", or the pressure above atmospheric. Shock waves will reflect off the ground when they reach it, as shown in figure 3. The overpressure in the region of "regular reflection" is much higher than the overpressure of the shock wave due to a combined stacking effect. There can also be complicating patterns such as "Mach Reflections".
|Fig.3 - The initial pressure wave (solid lines) and the reflected shock (dashed lines). Image from "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons"|
What's interesting about all this is the audio of the clips at about 20 and 40 seconds into the YouTube video. Notice these clips contain two bangs. The first clip with two shocks could be reflection off the building behind the camera, the second shock follows the first very close and is very loud. The next clip has a significant delay though. At any height above the surface the initial reflection occurred on, there will be a delay between the initial and reflected shock. If we knew the location of this video it would help constrain the shock location. (After some google searching I can't locate the "Assorty" store in the footage anywhere.)
Overall with the observations of glass breaking over such a large area, we can assume the reflected pressure was probably in the area of 1psi. This means the initial overpressure was very small at the ground. Could you work backwards from the estimate of 500 kiltons TNT? Sure! That's a topic for another day or for your students in lab! Be sure to check out the book "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons", many campus libraries have it, Penn State has it online even.
Below is a link to a zip file that contains the.SAC files for the seismic stations (starting at detonation time and low pass filtered as well as raw data) and high quality figures. If I end up writing up a lab from the event, expect the data and lab to be on my academic website. A review of literature on the Tunguska event may be helpful as well!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Roman warriors associated hematite with Mars, the Roman God of War. The soldiers used hematite for protection in battles, believing it would make them invincible.
For thousands of years, Hematite has been prized by many cultures. The Egyptians used hematite to calm anxiety. The famous Greek physician/philosopher, Aelius Galenus used it to treat eye infections and as a cure for headaches. Roman soldiers believed that when hematite was rubbed all over their bodies it provided protection during battle. Legend has it that, blood spilled at these ancient Roman battles saturated the ground and seeped into the earth creating this "blood" stone. Native Americans also believed that war paint made from hematite would make one invincible in combat.
Hematite helps with mental organization, balancing energy, enhancing memory and increasing intuition as well as boosts the wearer's self-esteem.


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Learning Spaces in Africa
Critical Histories to 21st Century Challenges and Change
Ola Uduku Manchester School of Architecture
Monday 19 November
12:30pm Blackwells bookshop, University of Manchester
With a key UN Sustainable Development Goal for 2030 being to make basic education available to all the world's children, Learning Spaces in Africa explores the architectural, sociopolitical and economic policy factors that have contributed to school design, the main spaces for education and learning in Africa. It traces the development of school building design, focusing on Western and Southern Africa, from its emergence in the 19th century to the present day. Uduku's analysis draws attention to the past historic links of schools to development processes, from their early 19th century missionary origins to their re-emergence as development hubs in the 21st century. Learning Spaces in Africa uses this research as a basis to suggest fundamental changes to basic education, which respond to new technological advances, and constituencies in learning. Illustrated case studies describe the use of tablets in refugee community schools, "hole-in-the wall" learning and shared school-community learning spaces. This book will be beneficial for students, academics and those interested in the history of educational architecture and its effect on social development, particularly in Africa and with relevance to countries elsewhere in the emerging world.
20% Discount Available – enter the code SOC19 at checkout
For more information visit: _URL_


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Definition of Mutuel
1. a system of betting on races [n -S]
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Mutuel Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Mutuel
Literary usage of Mutuel
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Evolution of Credit and Banks in France from the Founding of the Bank of by André Liesse (1909)
"The characteristic of the Credit Agricole mutuel is to give a mutual basis to credit; to offer as security to the lender the joint responsibility of a..."
2. The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge (1918)
"... France the Credit Agricole mutuel represents a development of the Raiffeisen idea. Small local societies had been doing business with moderate success,..."
3. Rural Credits, Land and Cooperative by Myron Timothy Herrick, R. Ingalls (1914)
"Long-term Loans to Associations through Credit Agricole mutuel.—Long-term Loans to Individuals.—Two Methods of Amortization. MUCH private property was..."
4. Baily's Magazine of Sports and Pastimes (1901)
"And if the simple fact that betting with bookmakers takes custom away from the guichets of the Pari mutuel were a sufficient objection to it,..."
Other Resources Relating to: Mutuel

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Damages in Comparable Coaches' Contracts to Assess a School's Economic Damage from the Loss of a Successful Coach
Richard T. Karcher
Professor of Law
Florida Coastal School of Law
This Essay addresses the difficulty of proving financial harm that results when a head coach departs during the contract term and the school thereby abruptly loses a valuable asset, that being a successful and stabile athletic program. Due to the unique and specialized nature of head coaches' services and the industry they work in, ordinary measures for assessing damage based on substitute performance and transaction costs are insufficient. The author offers a theory of measuring a school's damages within the construct of a lost income-producing asset valuation, using a methodology based on liquidated damage amounts in comparable coaches' contracts.


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I have the following table for storing user data:
TABLE: users
maritalStatus (INT) - FK
gender (CHAR)
occupation (INT) - FK
Now I want to compare two users in this table to see how many columns match for any two given users (say user X & user Y)
I am doing it via mySQL Stored Procedures by getting each value separately and then comparing them
 SELECT maritalStatus from users where userID = X INTO myVar1;
 SELECT maritalStatus from users where userID = Y INTO myVar2;
 IF myVar1 = myVar2 THEN
 END IF;
Is there a shorter way using an SQL query where I can compare two rows in a table and see which columns are different? I dont need to know how much different they actually are, just need to know if they contain the same value. Also I will only be comparing selected columns, not every column in the user table.
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 4 down vote accepted
This will select the number of columns that are not the same for user x and user y:
SELECT ( u1.martialStatus <> u2.martialStatus )
 + ( u1.gender <> u2.gender )
 + ( u1.occupation <> u2.occupation )
 users u1,
 users u2
WHERE u1.id = x
 AND u2.id = y
share|improve this answer
Excellect - thank you Peter, this is what I was looking for! – Sydney Boy May 9 '12 at 5:57
You can also use this:
 -- add other columns as needed
= (b.lastname,a.gender) as similar,
 a.lastname as a_lastname,
 a.firstname as a_firstname,
 a.age as a_age,
 'x' as x,
 b.lastname as b_lastname,
 b.firstname as b_firstname,
 b.age as b_age
from person a
cross join person b
where a.id = 1 and b.id = 2
1 Lennon John 40 x Lennon Julian 15
Live test: _URL_
share|improve this answer
You can count the number of users with the same columns using group by:
select u1.maritalStatus
, u1.gender
, u1.occupation
, count(*)
from users u1
group by
, u1.gender
, u1.occupation
share|improve this answer
Thanks for your response - however I need a query that specifically compares two given users. Your query simply lists the no. of users with a specific value. I would need to also specify which users I am comparing with a WHERE clause (e.g. WHERE userid = 87 AND userid = 88) - hope thats clear. – Sydney Boy May 8 '12 at 7:06
Well basicly the relevant row would give the value 2 if both users have the same maritalStatus, gender, occupation. You could add a WHERE u1.user_id IN (id1, id2) and see if there's one row with the value 2 returned. – Robin Castlin May 8 '12 at 7:07
_USER_: I think Peter Lang's answer might be what you're looking for? – Andomar May 8 '12 at 7:09
Just a continued example of Peter Langs suggestion in PHP:
$arr_cols = array('martialStatus', 'gender', 'occupation');
$arr_where = array();
$arr_select = array();
foreach($arr_cols as $h) {
 $arr_having[] = "compare_{$h}";
 $arr_select[] = "(u1.{$h}!= u2.{$h}) AS compare_{$h}";
$str_having = implode(' + ', $arr_where);
$str_select = implode(', ', $arr_where);
$query = mysql_query("
SELECT {$str_select}
FROM users AS u1, users AS u2
WHERE u1.userid = {$int_userid_1} AND u2.userid = {$int_userid_2}
HAVING {$str_having} > 0
/* Having case can be removed if you need the row regardless. */
/* Afterwards you check these values: */
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query);
foreach($arr_cols as $h)
 if ($row["compare_{$h}"])
 echo "Found difference in column {$h}!";
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Skip Navigation U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Agency for Healthcare Research Quality
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Elderly Health
Please go to for current information.
Adding a breakfast portion to home-delivered meals can improve the lives of frail, homebound older adults
Traditionally, home-delivered meal programs provide a hot, nutrient-dense lunch 5 days per week for frail, homebound older adults. Adding a breakfast portion to the home-delivered meal program could further improve the lives of these vulnerable individuals, according to a study supported in part by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS10787). Elizabeth A. Gollub, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D., formerly with Florida International University and currently an independent contractor, and Dian O. Weddle, Ph.D., R.D., F.A.D.A., of Florida International University, compared two groups of individuals who were recruited from five elderly nutrition programs involved in the Morning Meals on Wheels breakfast service demonstration project.
The breakfast group (167 men and women) received a home-delivered breakfast and lunch 5 days a week. The comparison group (214 participants) received a home-delivered lunch 5 days per week. The investigators obtained participants' 24-hour food recall, demographics, malnutrition risk, functional status, and perceptions of quality of life (health, loneliness, food enjoyment, food security, and depression). The geographically and racially/ethnically diverse participants were aged 60 to 100 years, functionally limited, and at high nutritional risk. Most individuals were low income, lived alone, and had difficulty grocery shopping and preparing food.
The breakfast group had greater energy/nutrient intakes; less worry about whether they would be able to get food, run out of food, or be able to eat a good meal; and fewer depressive symptoms than the comparison group. Members of the breakfast group consumed about 300 kcal, 14 g protein, 36 g carbohydrate, 12 g fat, and 4 g fiber more than the comparison group, all significant differences. They also consumed significantly greater amounts of potassium, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc and tended to consume more of vitamins A, B-6, B-12, and D. In addition, those in the breakfast group were significantly less bothered than those in the comparison group by dietary restrictions, money problems, or problems with cooking, and they tended to maintain their sense of taste. They also were happier, more hopeful, and less bored.
For more details, see "Improvements in nutritional intake and quality of life among frail homebound older adults receiving home-delivered breakfast and lunch," by Drs. Gollub and Weddle, in the August 2004 Journal of the American Dietetic Association 104, pp. _PHONE_.
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ET-94 Questions and Answers
Q: What does it mean to the Science Center to have the last surviving flight-qualified space shuttle external tank?
A: The ability to preserve and display an entire stack of flight hardware will make the Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center an even more compelling educational experience. It will allow future generations to experience and understand the science and engineering of the space shuttle.
Q: What does having a real external tank mean for Endeavour's exhibit? Does this add something special to what was already a unique display?
A: This will be the only complete stack of flight hardware in existence, making the Endeavour exhibit even more significant than before. The external tank is the only major part of the shuttle that is not reused. Having it will significantly add to the emotional impact and quality of the exhibit because museum guests appreciate and respond to authentic experiences and real things.
In addition to allowing the public unprecedented, unique access, this configuration retains a complete flight stack for engineers and historians to examine in the future. NASA and aerospace companies frequently visit museums to look at hardware from previous programs in order to design for the future projects. We have already hosted groups from NASA, aerospace companies and universities who have examined different aspects of Endeavour; we expect the same for the complete stack.
Q: ET-94 is currently at the Michoud Facility in Louisiana. How will it be moved from Louisiana to Los Angeles? What route will the tank follow and how many days will the entire move take to reach the Science Center?
A: Following NASA's customary transport method for external tanks, ET-94 will be shipped by barge. It will travel from the Michoud Assembly Facility through the Panama Canal to Los Angeles, then on through city streets to its final destination at the California Science Center. The entire journey will take 6-8 weeks.
Q: How much is it going to cost to move ET-94 from Louisiana to California? How much will it cost to move ET-94 from its arrival point in California to the Science Center?
A: Logistics plans are still being finalized, so presently we do not have a final cost for the move.
Q: Is it easier to move an external tank than an orbiter?
A: Yes. The tank is neither as wide (32 feet versus 78 feet) or as high (35 feet versus 56 feet), but it is longer (154 feet versus 122 feet). It is also lighter. Therefore, fewer utilities will be impacted and no trees will be removed along ET-94's route from the coast to Exposition Park, although some may be trimmed.
Q: What type of work will be done to prepare ET-94 so it can support Endeavour?
A: NASA has given us all of the Orbiter-ET attach hardware. We will need to install the hardware, along with the pressurization lines and feed lines that NASA removed several years ago. There is also some cosmetic restoration to fix foam where it has been removed for various tests and evaluations.
Q: Are there any other key points to share about ET-94?
A: ET-94's journey and subsequent reunion with the Orbiter will be historic. With the same outpouring of community support we saw with the arrival of Endeavour, we look forward to celebrating this gift from NASA as it journeys from the coast through city streets to the California Science Center. This phase of "Mission 26" has the capacity to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers.


text:
Amplifications of flow past a backward-facing step with respect to optimal inflow and initial perturbations are investigated at Reynolds number 500. Two mechanisms of receptivity to inflow noise are identified: the bubble-induced inflectional point instability and the misalignment effect downstream of the secondary bubble. Further development of the misalignment results in decay of perturbations from
onwards (the step is located at
), as has been observed in previous non-normality studies (Blackburn et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 603, 2008, pp. 271–304), and eventually limits the receptivity. The receptivity is found to be maximized at an inflow perturbation frequency of
and a spanwise wavenumber of
, where the inflow noise takes full advantage of both mechanisms and is amplified over two orders of magnitude in terms of the velocity magnitude. In direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the flow perturbed by optimal or random inflow noise, vortex shedding, flapping of bubbles, three-dimensionality and turbulence are observed in succession as the magnitude of the inflow noise increases. Similar features of linear and nonlinear receptivity are observed at higher Reynolds numbers. The Strouhal number of the bubble flapping is 0.08, at which the receptivity to inflow noise reaches a maximum. This Strouhal number is close to reported values extracted from DNS or large eddy simulations (LES) at larger Reynolds numbers (Le et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 330, 1997, pp. 349–374; Kaiktsis et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 321, 1996, pp. 157–187; Métais, New Trends in Turbulence, 2001, Springer; Wee et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 16, 2004, pp. 3361–3373). Methods to further clarify the mechanisms of receptivity and to suppress the noise amplifications by modifying the base flow using a linearly optimal body force are proposed. It is observed that the mechanisms of optimal noise amplification are fully revealed by the distribution of the base flow modification, which weakens the bubble instabilities and misalignment effects and subsequently reduces the receptivity significantly. Comparing the base flow modifications with respect to amplifications of inflow and initial perturbations, it is found that the maximum receptivity to initial perturbations is highly correlated with the receptivity to inflow noise at the optimal frequency
, and the correlation reduces as the inflow frequency deviates from this optimal value.


text:
INTERNATIONAL Maritime Organisation (IMO) is working on ship recycling regulations and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in its continuous effort to address environmental pollution contributed by the shipping industry.
Secretary-general Efthimios E. Mitropoulos said this in his 30th World Maritime Day message celebrated recently with the theme "IMO's Response To Current Environmental Challenges".
But shipping is a minor contributor to marine pollution... EFTHIMIOS E. MITROPOULOS He said the organisation was developing new mandatory ship recycling regulations for international shipping and recycling facilities, which are due for adoption within the next two years.
The regulations are for:
·the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships to facilitate safe and environmentally sound recycling
·the operation of ship-recycling facilities in a safe and environmentally sound manner
·the establishment of an appropriate enforcement mechanism for ship recycling.
However, Mitropoulos said, atmospheric pollution might be the most significant threat to the environment today. "In that respect, IMO continues to work towards reducing damage that can be caused if we do not address the challenges posed by air pollution, global warming and climate change," he said.
He added that a good deal had already been done by the shipping sector to address emissions, with Annex VI of Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) setting limits on sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts, prohibiting deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances, and putting a global cap on the sulphur content of fuel oil.
The annex is now undergoing a comprehensive review.
Mitropoulos said IMO also had a work plan to address emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).
"Whether we like it or not, the modern world is utterly dependant on motorised transport systems that run largely on fossil fuels. Moreover, it is also a fact that the use of fossil fuels carries an environmental burden.
"An engine burning fossil fuel will emit a quantity of so-called GHGs and these emissions are now widely accepted as being significant the contributory factors to global warming and climate change," he said.
Mitropoulos said the environmental credentials of every country and industry were now under sharper scrutiny than ever before.
"But, set against land-based industry, shipping is a comparatively minor contributor to marine pollution from human activities," he said.
Nevertheless, he said, the organisation and the maritime industry had a track record of continued environmental awareness, concern, action and response.
Mitropoulos was referring to IMO's work in developing and adopting MARPOL and other conventions to address issues such as the dumping of wastes at sea, the use of harmful anti-fouling paint on ships' hulls, as well as the preparedness, response and co-operation in tackling pollution from oil and from hazardous and noxious substances.
The most recent one was a new convention on the removal of wrecks that may be a hazard to navigation or a threat to the marine and coastal environments adopted in May.
IMO is a United Nations agency concerned with the safety of shipping and cleaner oceans.
Eelco Leemans from the North Sea Foundation under the flag of Friends of the Earth International at IMO said the most serious threat from shipping was still oil pollution.
"The sea oil pollution is mostly due to operational activity – day-to-day small spills instead of accidents," he said in an email to StarBiz.
Another type of pollution is the introduction of invasive species via ballast water. Ballast water is carried in empty ships to provide stability. It is contained on board at the port before the voyage begins and marine organisms are often taken on board with it. These organisms will then be released somewhere else and it can disrupt the ecosystem.
"Other problems include discharges of cargo residues, marine litter (garbage, cargo-related litter such as ropes, nets and pallets), dismantling of ships in South Asia and disturbance of fragile areas such as anchoring on coral reefs," he said.
Maritime Institute of Malaysia centre for coastal and marine environment research fellow Mohd Nizam Basiron said oil pollution from the shipping industry was still small compared with that from land-based activities.
"Nevertheless, oil spills from accidents can be disastrous. In addition, ships use the lowest grade (bunker fuel) of fossil energy that has greater environmental impact if spilled," he told StarBiz.
In the case of the Straits of Malacca, a busy shipping lane of 90,000 ships annually, Nizam said, the traffic separation scheme and vessel traffic system had proven to be useful in managing the straits.
"But if the traffic increases in the future, extra measures have to be taken to prevent any mishaps as the majority of vessels transiting the straits are oil tankers," he said.
He added that many of the IMO's conventions were adopted as a result of marine accidents.


text:
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Cavity size and copper root pruning affect production and establishment of container-grown longleaf pine seedlingsAuthor(s): Mary Anne Sword Sayer; James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung
Source: Forest Science
Publication Series: Scientific Journal (JRNL)
PDF: Download Publication (677.0 KB)
DescriptionWith six container types, we tested the effects of cavity size (i.e., 60, 93, and 170 ml) and copper root pruning on the root system development of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings grown in a greenhouse. We then evaluated root egress during a root growth potential test and assessed seedling morphology and root system development 1 year after planting in central Louisiana, USA. Seedling size was increased by copper root pruning in small cavities but was unaffected by this treatment in larger cavities. Before planting, copper root pruning increased taproot and secondary lateral root dry weights at the expense of primary lateral root dry weight and increased root growth potential in the top 5 cm of the root plug. Across treatments, survival was 97%, and all seedlings were in the grass stage. Of the lateral root dry weight that elongated during the first year after planting, 33% more occurred in the upper 5 cm of soil when seedlings were treated with copper. Within each cavity size, copper root pruning did not affect the general morphology of 1-year-old seedlings. However, relationships between root collar diameter and root egress by depth indicated that this treatment has the potential to increase the range of cavity sizes used for seedling production.
- You may send email to _EMAIL_ to request a hard copy of this publication.
- (Please specify exactly which publication you are requesting and your mailing address.)
- We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
CitationSword Sayer, Mary Anne; Haywood, James D.; Sung, Shi-Jean Susana. 2009. Cavity size and copper root pruning affect production and establishment of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings. Forest Science. 55(5): 377-389.
Keywordscopperblock, copper oxychloride, Pinus palustris Mill., Superblock, taproot
- The persistence of container nursery treatments on the field performance and root system morphology of longleaf pine seedlings
- Longleaf Pine Root System Development and Seedling Quality in Response to Copper Root Pruning and Cavity Size
- Long-Term Container Effects on Root System Architecture of Longleaf Pine
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Changing Your Email Password
Last Updated: 9/26/2019 1:02 PM
To change your email password (for students, this also changes your Chromebook/Google password as well), follow the steps below.
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 3. Enter your current password and click "Submit".
 4. Click "Change Password" in the menu bar.
 5. Fill in your current password in the "Old Password" box.
 6. Type in a new password in both the "New Password" box and the "Confirm New Password" box.
 1. Suggestions for making a SECURE password:
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 1. At least 8 characters long
 2. Have at least one number
 3. Have at least one uppercase letter
 4. Have at least one lowercase letter
 2. Do not use personal information (i.e. your name, birthday, address, ID number, etc.)
 3. Avoid dictionary wordsthey are easy to hack. Try substituting letters for similar-shaped characters. (i.e. use @ for a, $ for s, 1 for i, 3 for e, etc.)
 2. Keep in mind, technology staff can see your passwordsso keep them appropriate.
 7. If you receive an error message on your Chromebook, sign out and remove your user, then add a new user to sign back in.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Here is a little Scala session that defines and tries out some functions:
scala> def test1(str: String) = str + str;
test1: (str: String)java.lang.String
scala> test1("ab")
res0: java.lang.String = abab
works nicely.
scala> val test2 = test1
:6: error: missing arguments for method test1 in object $iw;
follow this method with '_' if you want to treat it as a partially applied function
 val test2 = test1
scala> val test2 = test1 _
test2: (String) => java.lang.String =
scala> test2("ab")
res1: java.lang.String = abab
works well!
Now, I've seen the _ syntax when folding (_ + _, etc). So as I understand it _ basically means "an argument". So test1 _ basically means a function with an argument, which is given to test1". But why isn't that exactly the same as just test1? Why is there a difference if I append a _?
So I kept exploring...
scala> val test3 = (str: String) => str + str
test3: (String) => java.lang.String =
scala> test3("ab")
res2: java.lang.String = abab
scala> val test4 = test3
test4: (String) => java.lang.String =
Here it works without _! What's the difference between a defed function, and a valed function?
share|improve this question
Rex, I'm going to save you some time. You already answered this on the mailing list on 1/27/2010. It was a good response so I bookmarked it. scala-programming-language._PHONE_.n4.nabble.com/… – Bradford Feb 15 '11 at 21:13
_USER_ - Heh, thanks :) – Rex Kerr Feb 15 '11 at 21:18
I think there is some unfortunate confusion regarding the usage of the term "function" / "defining a function" in Scala. Even Programming in Scala says that def defines a function, but that's not quite true depending on your definition of "function". I.e. a method returns a result that is a function of its parameters, but the method is not a function value or function object. It would probably be helpful to differentiate between these two usages of the term "function". – Knut Arne Vedaa Feb 15 '11 at 22:31
Read retronyms answer in my similar question from April '10. stackoverflow.com/questions/_PHONE_/… - (ps, I QRd your avatar, very funny!) – Synesso Feb 15 '11 at 22:41
In short - function vs. method – Maxim Oct 14 at 20:48
3 Answers 3
up vote 24 down vote accepted
There's no difference between a def'ed function and a val'ed function:
scala> def test1 = (str: String) => str + str
test1: (String) => java.lang.String
scala> val test2 = test1
test2: (String) => java.lang.String =
test3: (String) => java.lang.String =
scala> val test4 = test2
test4: (String) => java.lang.String =
See? All of these are functions, which is indicated by the X => Y type they have.
scala> def test5(str: String) = str + str
test5: (str: String)java.lang.String
Do you see an X => Y type? If you do, go see an ophtamologist, because there's none. The type here is (X)Y, commonly used to denote a method.
Actually, test1, test2, test3 and test4 are all methods, which return functions. This one is a method which returns a java.lang.String. Also, test1 through test4 do not take parameters (only test1 could, anyway), while test5 does.
So, the difference is pretty simple. In the first case, you tried to assign a method to a val, but did not fill in the parameters the method take. So it failed, until you added a trailing underscore, which meant turn my method into a function.
In the second example you had a function, so you didn't need to do anything else.
A method is not a function, and vice versa. A function is an object of one of the FunctionN classes. A method is a handle to some piece of code associated with an object.
See various questions about methods vs functions on Stack Overflow.
share|improve this answer
Is (X)Y a type? Oh, and thanks for the new word. – Synesso Feb 16 '11 at 1:12
I love this answer. Some follow-up questions: 1) Do you see an X => Y type? How about the second line? Is it not X => Y because it has ( and ) around String? (Otherwise I'd have to look for an oftamologist in the yellow-pages.) 2) From your description it seems to me that functions are strictly more general than methods, and that I could use your test1-notation instead of test5-notation everywhere? What would the drawback be? – aioobe Feb 16 '11 at 8:15
_USER_ Yes, no, kind of. It's REPL's representation of an hypothetical method type. – Daniel C. Sobral Feb 16 '11 at 16:06
_USER_ The second line is not X => Y because there's no =>. Functions are slower than methods, and they cannot receive type parameters -- this has been discussed elsewhere on Stack Overflow. – Daniel C. Sobral Feb 16 '11 at 16:08
Thanks Daniel!! – aioobe Feb 16 '11 at 16:11
The def declares a method within a surrounding object/class/trait, similar to the way you define methods in Java. You can only use defs within other objects/classes/traits. In the REPL, you cannot see the surrounding object because it's "hidden", but it does exist.
You cannot assign a def to a value, because the def is not a value - it's a method in the object.
The (x: T) => x * x declares and instantiates a function object, which exists at runtime. Function objects are instances of anonymous classes which extend FunctionN traits. FunctionN traits come with an apply method. The name apply is special, because it can be omitted. Expression f(x) is desugared into f.apply(x).
The bottomline is - since function objects are runtime values which exist on the heap, you can assign them to values, variables and parameters, or return them from methods as return values.
To solve the issue of assigning methods to values (which can be useful), Scala allows you to use the placeholder character to create a function object from a method. Expression test1 _ in your example above actually creates a wrapper function around the method test1 - it is equivalent to x => test1(x).
share|improve this answer
Simple yet clean answer, +1 – Muhammad Hewedy Feb 8 '13 at 13:37
The underscore means different things in different contexts. But it can always be thought of as the thing that would go here, but doesn't need to be named.
When applied in place of parameters, the effect is to lift the method to a function.
test1: (str: String)java.lang.String
scala> val f1 = test1 _
f1: (String) => java.lang.String =
Note, the method has become a function of type (String) => String.
The distinction between a method and a function in Scala is that methods are akin to traditional Java methods. You can't pass them around as values. However functions are values in their own right and can be used as input parameters and return values.
The lifting can go further:
scala> val f2 = f1 _
f2: () => (String) => java.lang.String =
Lifting this function results in another function. This time of type () => (String) => (String)
From what I can tell, this syntax is equivalent to substituting all of the parameters with an underscore explicitly. For example:
scala> def add(i: Int, j: Int) = i + j
add: (i: Int,j: Int)Int
scala> val addF = add(_, _)
addF: (Int, Int) => Int =
scala> val addF2 = add _
addF2: (Int, Int) => Int =
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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Driving while under the influence
Driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs can result in impaired driving charges. This charge is one of the most common criminal charges, and can affect people from all walks of life. We have represented everyone from doctors and lawyers to professional drivers and bartenders. While impaired driving is a criminal charge, being charged does not make you a criminal. Mistakes happen. Understanding this and limiting the repercussions to you is an important aspect to us acting as your advocate.
The effect of a charge and potential conviction go beyond what happens in court. A criminal record that can limit employment or travel, increased insurance premiums and provincial legislation that can result in lengthy licence suspensions and increased expense are some of the consequences of a conviction. Even being charged can be embarrassing and place a strain on personal relationships. We get this, and strive to take the pressure off you as much as possible.
Over 80 / Over.08 Charge
If you provided breath samples and they were over the legal limit, then you will be charged with this offence. Breath samples sometimes corroborate signs of impairment, depending on high the readings are. Readings over double the legal limit are considered an aggravating factor that can increase the punishment on conviction.
These charges are complicated, and difficult for the prosecution to properly prove. Mistakes occur, either during the actual investigation or the prosecution, that can result in a not guilty verdict. There are dozens of different ways to approach a defence to this charge. Understanding the various approaches, what to look for, and how to properly handle a potential trial requires a criminal lawyer with experience this charge.
Refusal to Provide a Breath Sample
A refusal charge is a separate offence from impaired driving, and you can be convicted of both impaired driving and refusing to provide a breath sample. If you beat the impaired charge you can still be convicted of refusing to provide a breath sample; the prosecution won't simply "drop" the refusal charge if you are found not guilty of the impaired. Understanding how to approach (and beat!) both charges is critical to a successful defence.
Failure to Provide a Breath Sample
Similar to a refusal charge, failing to provide a breath sample is a separate offence from impaired driving, and you can be convicted of both impaired driving and failing to provide a breath sample. If you beat the impaired charge you can still be convicted of failing to provide a breath sample; the prosecution won't simply "drop" the failure to provide charge if you are found not guilty of the impaired. Understanding how to approach (and beat!) both charges is critical to a successful defence.
Care or Control
This is one of the most difficult offences for the average person to understand. Care or control charges usually do not involve any actual allegation of impaired driving. Simply being found in, or sometimes even around, a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs can result in charges. If the police find you in the driver's seat of a motor vehicle, regardless of the reason, they will charge you if you are either impaired or over the legal limit.


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Unit information: Understanding Popular Culture in/and World Politics in 2020/21
Unit name Understanding Popular Culture in/and World Politics
Unit code POLIM0002
Credit points 20
Level of study M/7
Unit director Dr. Van Veeren
Open unit status Not open
School/department School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies
Faculty Faculty of Social Sciences and Law
While International Relations (IR) as a discipline has largely ignored popular culture, this unit argues that popular culture and world politics are inextricably linked in diverse and significant ways. For example, popular culture is linked to world politics through relations of representation: e.g., we can investigate the ways in which contemporary Hollywood films depict Muslins or how a TV show like Homeland constructs the 'global war on terror' through gender and race. Popular culture is also a fundamental part of the global political economy: most popular culture – music, sport, television -- is produced in global/ising capitalist industries. Popular culture is a tool deployed by states, and non-state actors: e.g., we might investigate how the Nazi regime in 1936 or the Beijing government in 2008 used the Olympic games to acquire power and prestige. Popular culture also helps to establish national identity: e.g., cricket in the West Indies and India has helped to construct specific post-colonial national identities.
This unit investigates various interconnections between popular culture, on the one hand, and the theories and practices of world politics, on the other. Central aims of the unit are
 1. to introduce students to the analysis of various forms of popular culture, and
 2. to relate these analyses in diverse ways to our understandings of world politics as a practice and International Relations as an inter-discipline. The course will draw upon various approaches to the analysis of popular culture (e.g., structuralism, Marxisms, Feminisms), and a range of media and texts (e.g., TV, film, advertising, music).
Intended learning outcomes
 1. Apply a range of theoretical perspectives, methods and conceptual tool to the analysis of diverse popular cultural artefacts.
 2. Relate diverse forms and content of popular culture to diverse practices of world politics/International Relations.
 3. Formulate a precise and doable research question.
 4. Present a well-structured oral argument about diverse relations between popular culture and world politics.
 5. Present a well-structured, well-written and well-researched argument about a specific set of relationships between popular culture and world politics.
Teaching details
Assessment Details
Please link the assessment to the intended learning outcomes bearing in mind that it is expected that all intended learning outcomes are assessed.
Formative assessments:
Presentation (learning outcomes #1, #2, #4)
Summative assessment:
4,000 word research paper (#1, #2, #3, #5)
Reading and References
John Storey (2012) Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction, 6th edition, London and New York: Pearson.
Jutta Weldes (Ed.) (2003) To Seek Out New Worlds: Exploring Links between Science Fiction and World Politics, New York: Palgrave.
Ronnie D. Lipschutz (2001) Cold War Fantasies: Film, Fiction, and Foreign Policy', Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Rose, Gillian, Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials, London: Sage, 2006.
Stuart Hall, ed., Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1997.
Karagiannopoulos, Vasileios, 'The role of the internet in political struggles: Some conclusions from Iran and Egypt,' New Political Science, 34(2), 2012, pp. 151-171


Is IBM Winding Down Watson Health?
IBM reported that it will no longer market Watson for Drug Discovery, one of its forays into machine learning–driven precision medicine. A spokesman for the company told STAT that the artificial intelligence product is experiencing "lackluster financial performance" and demand for the service is low.
As IBM ceases developing the drug discovery capabilities, the company said it will divert those resources to clinical trial matching and other services. Existing users will continue to receive support.
Watson for Drug Discovery was designed to let users identify specific diseases, genes, or drugs for targeted research; the system uses natural language processing and other machine learning techniques to search publications and patents to find associations between them.
Although IBM highlighted examples of customers using the product to determine how pharmaceuticals function in people with unique genetic makeups, the lack of uptake in the pharmaceutical research community signals that people have been underwhelmed by the system's performance, and questions about the value of incorporating artificial intelligence into drug development and clinical practice linger.
Source STAT, April 18, 2019.


text:
* The "absolute nuclear" family type is both liberal and unequal. Children are totally emancipated, forming independent families of their own. The inheritance usually goes to one child, often a son.
* The "egalitarian nuclear" family type is both liberal and equal. Children are as emancipated and independent as in the previous type, but equal division of the inheritance encourages stronger parent-children relations before the passing of the parents.
* The "stem" family type is both authoritarian and unequal. Several generations live under one roof, with one child marrying to continue the line. The other children remain unmarried at home, or leave to get married.
* The "incomplete stem" family is as above, but with slightly more equal inheritance rules — an intermediate with the last family type.
* The "communitarian" family is both authoritarian and equal. All sons can marry and bring their wives into the ancestral home. The family inheritance is divided equitably among all children.
Is there a connection between family-inheritance type and fertility in today's Europe? Have a look:
[Map from Eurostat]
How does "family type" affect fertility?
I have a hard time seeing seeing any strong correlation. More precise data would help. Certainly other factors seem more important, political, cultural, economic. German fertility is low across the board, across two family-type zones. Nevertheless, other 'Stem Family' regions have more robust fertility. Germans are clearly still very nationally — perhaps better-to-say 'civilizationally' — pessimistic, a legacy of defeat decades ago and demonization ever since.
A more suitable question would be, "all else equal, how does 'family-type' affect fertility?" Inheritance is a major part of this 'family-type' concept, and the question of inheritance and fertility was first brought to my attention by the commenter Rollory in a post about France's low-fertility 1800s.
A casual analysis: Looking at Netherlands alone (all are part of Dutch culture), it seems Absolute Nuclear regions out-breed Stem Family regions. The highest-fertility department in France seems to be mostly Absolute Nuclear. The highest-fertility region of Scotland is Absolute Nuclear.
Why would "Absolute Nuclear" produce highest fertility?


the parameters of the signal.
The __gproperties__ dictionary is a class property where you define the properties of your object. This is not the recommend way to define new properties, the method written above is much less verbose. The benefits of this method is that a property can be defined with more settings, like the minimum or the maximum for numbers.
The key is the name of the property
The value is a tuple which describe the property. The number of elements of this tuple depends on its first element but the tuple will always contain at least the following items:
The first element is the property's type (e.g. int, float…).
The second element is the property's nick name, which is a string with a short description of the property. This is generally used by programs with strong introspection capabilities, like the graphical user interface builder Glade.
The third one is the property's description or blurb, which is another string with a longer description of the property. Also used by Glade and similar programs.
The last one (which is not necessarily the forth one as we will see later) is the property's flags: GObject.PARAM_READABLE, GObject.PARAM_WRITABLE, GObject.PARAM_READWRITE.
The absolute length of the tuple depends on the property type (the first element of the tuple). Thus we have the following situations:
If the type is bool or str, the forth element is the default value of the property.
If the type is int or float, the forth element is the minimum accepted value, the fifth element is the maximum accepted value and the sixth element is the default value.
If the type is not one of these, there is no extra element.
Invoke the object method handler in the first emission stage.
Invoke the object method handler in the third emission stage.
Invoke the object method handler in the last emission stage.
The property is readable.
The property is writable.
The property is readable and writable.


Why Pope Francis Is Wrong to Attack the Libertarian 'Invasion'
Pope Francis closes the Jubilee of Mercy in Vatican City on Nov. 20, 2016. (Rex Features via AP Images)
In a statement to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Pope Francis warned against the "invasion, at high levels of culture and education in both universities and schools, of positions of libertarian individualism." But in attacking libertarianism, Francis ignored the Roman Catholic tradition in favor of limited government and property rights — and twisted libertarianism to mean something it doesn't.
"If individualism affirms that it is only the individual who gives value to things and interpersonal relationships, and so it is only the individual who decides what is good and what is bad, then libertarianism, today in fashion, preaches that to establish freedom and individual responsibility, it is necessary to resort to the idea of 'self-causation'," the pope argued. "Thus libertarian individualism denies the validity of the common good."
He went on to describe "libertarian" as "anti-social," and defined it as the idea that "everyone has the 'right' to expand as far as his power allows, even at the expense of the exclusion and marginalization of the most vulnerable majority.
The pope ended by warning that libertarianism destroys freedom itself, or so his tortured logic implied: "By mistakenly matching the concept of 'bond' to that of 'constraint', one ends up confusing what may condition freedom — the constraints — with the essence of created freedom, that is, bonds or relations, family and interpersonal, with the excluded and marginalized, with the common good, and finally with God."
In other words, libertarianism is radical, so radical that it is incompatible with Christianity. Pope Francis' remarks seem to describe an idolatry of the individual, where self-determination is the only goal and all interpersonal relationships become essentially meaningless. This may well be a threat to believers, but it is not the libertarianism "today in fashion."
Reason's Stephanie Slade (a Roman Catholic libertarian) responded powerfully to Francis, saying "the problem is not so much that he's speaking to issues that go beyond the scope of his office; the problem is his speaking on matters on which he is ill-informed." She described his understanding of libertarianism as "shallow."
Jeffrey Tucker, another Roman Catholic and director of content for the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), wrote a powerful response to Pope Francis' remarks. Indeed, it is probable Francis was replying to Tucker specifically.
Francis argued that libertarianism "exalts the selfish idea that deceptively proposes a 'beautiful life'." Tucker noted that the 2nd edition of his book Beautiful Anarchy: How to Create Your Own Civilization in the Digital Age just came out in Spanish (the pope's native language), "with solid sales." The pope's reference to a "beautiful life" might be a reference to the libertarian's book, so Tucker penned a lengthy response.
The FEE content director defined libertarianism as "the political theory that freedom and peace serve the common good better than violence and state control, thus suggesting a normative rule: societies and individuals must be left unmolested in their associations and commercial dealings so long as they are not threatening others."
Tucker is an anarchist, but he explained that libertarianism is a broad philosophy and movement. It may seem foreign to many today, but it actually traces from the "classical liberal" tradition. The term "libertarianism" was only adopted when big government advocates corrupted the term "liberal."
Perhaps ironically, libertarianism has a proud history in the Roman Catholic Church, propelled by such great thinkers as St. Thomas Aquinas. Indeed, the scholastic tradition of medieval universities spawned thinkers like Bartolomé De Las Casas and Francisco Suaréz, who argued that the Spanish were wrong to enslave native Americans, as it violated their human rights.
Pope Francis's suggestion that libertarianism pits the rights of individuals against the common good is actually the very idea the classical liberal tradition has aimed to answer, Tucker argued. "The seeking of the good of all does not require the violation of individual rights and interests," the libertarian explained.
Indeed, the very ideas of capitalism, religious freedom, and limited government rest on the supposition that when individuals are free to pursue their own interests, society as a whole benefits. As Ludwig von Mises argued, "With the advent of liberalism came the demand for the abolition of all special privileges. The society of caste and status had to make way for a new order in which there were to be only citizens with equal rights."
Ironically, the very libertarianism Pope Francis feared is the society most focused on catering to everyone, not just special interest groups. Those who seek to expand the power of the state do so by catering to specific constituencies, while libertarians call for a government which treats everyone equally, with no special privileges.
"It is the great burden of the liberal tradition to forever explain that the path toward community runs through the pursuit of individual interests in voluntary cooperation with others," Tucker concluded. "Every single individual is different. The great discovery of liberalism was to observe that it is possible for individuals to pursue their interests in a way that does not sever community attachments but rather strengthens them."
Libertarianism is not a substitute religion, and it is not a form of idolatry, placing the individual in the place of God. Rather, it is the belief that liberty and peace are the best means of achieving the common good, and that government is more often a problem than a solution.
Pope Francis should recognize this, and join the noble tradition of Roman Catholics who championed freedom and limited government throughout history.
(For broader Christian arguments for libertarianism, readers should look to the new book Called to Freedom: Why You Can Be Christian and Libertarian.)


Home » News » Valve Knowledge
Which is better to use, triple eccentric butterfly valve or double eccentric butterfly valve
Posted by Bundor valve
Question: Hello! Butterfly valve has triple eccentric butterfly valve and double eccentric butterfly valve. Apart from the literal meaning, what are the main differences between the two kinds of butterfly valves? Triple eccentric butterfly valve and double eccentric butterfly valve which is better?
Bundor valve: The double eccentric butterfly valve is further improved on the basis of the single eccentric butterfly valve, which is also the most widely used. The structure is characterized in that the valve stem axis deviates from both the center of butterfly plate and the center of body.
The effect of double eccentric soft sealing butterfly valve enables the butterfly plate to quickly separate from the valve seat after the valve is opened, greatly eliminating the unnecessary over extrusion and scraping between the butterfly plate and the valve seat, reducing the opening distance, reducing the wear and improving the service life of the valve seat.
The double eccentric butterfly valve can also adopt the metal seat, which improves the application of the butterfly valve in the field of high temperature. However, the sealing principle is position sealing structure, that is, the sealing surface of butterfly plate and valve seat is in line contact, and the sealing effect is produced by the elastic deformation which caused by the butterfly plate pressing the valve seat. Therefore, the requirements for the closing position are very high (especially for the metal valve seat), and the pressure bearing capacity is low. This is why people traditionally think that the butterfly valve is not resistant to high pressure and has a large amount of leakage.
When the butterfly valve used in high temperature environment, must use hard seal, but the leakage is large; to zero leakage, must use soft seal, but cannot be used in high temperature environment. In order to overcome the contradiction of double eccentric butterfly valve, the triple eccentric of butterfly valve was carried out.
The structure of triple eccentric butterfly valve is, When the axis position of the double eccentric valve rod is eccentric，the conical axis of the sealing surface of the butterfly plate is inclined to the axis of the main cylinder. That is to say, after the third eccentric, the sealing section of butterfly plate is no longer a circle, but an ellipse, and the shape of the sealing surface is asymmetric, one side is inclined to the center line of the body, the other side is parallel to the body centerline.
Double eccentric butterfly valve is designed with eccentric structure, which is widely used in the fluid pipeline system of water supply and drainage, sewage, construction, petroleum, chemical industry, light textile, papermaking, hydropower, metallurgy, energy and other projects for regulation and closure.
Triple eccentric butterfly valve is used in oil exploitation, oil refining, petrochemical, energy power generation and other major industrial areas of important pipelines, and as people continue to research, I believe triple eccentric butterfly valve will be applied to more and more fields.
The application range of triple eccentric butterfly valve and double eccentric butterfly valve is different, so it can't compare which one is better ;
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Canon discussion / Essays
What is Magical Power in the Potterverse?
Essay: Pre-DH Canon Alert: This essay was written before book 7 was published.
What is Magical Power in the Potterverse?
We are just two years or less from reaching the end of the Harry Potter series and many essential questions have been answered, either by the books themselves, by J.K. Rowling, or by cunning readers who have racked their brains to work out even the finest details of the universe she has created.
But there is an ongoing debate that rather annoys me and I thought I could add something to settle the discussion. Ever since Mr. Bartemius Crouch Senior was described by Sirius Black as "powerfully magical" in Goblet of Fire (GF27), people have speculated whether some wizards are born intrinsically more powerful than others (Stan Shunpike being often used as an example of less impressive magical ability). I do not think this is the case because these books are about choice and effort rather than inherent gifts or predestination (CS18). Moreover, JKR herself carved her niche in contemporary literature through hard work above all. This argument is not mere assertion; it can and indeed must be substantiated by consistent pieces of evidence from canon if it is to be regarded as more than just a philosophical, rather ethereal argument.
I believe much of the discussion about inherent magical ability comes from modern theories about IQ and other forms of measuring intelligence in the Muggle world (which by no means is a good parallel to the Potterverse). The debate often centers on whether people are born with inherent skills that give them an intellectual advantage over, or disadvantage with respect to others. Perhaps this is true to a certain extent, but whether this intellectual head start will cause this person to be successful in studies or work is arguable. Even scholars in psychology and theory of cognition agree that hard work and a stimulating environment are much more decisive on a person's ultimate role in society. IQ and other measurements indicate a statistical advantage that a gifted person has to achieve high intellectual goals, but nothing more than that. It is an oversimplification in that we are not perfectly able to measure intelligence (Einstein only learned to speak at the age of six).
In the wizarding world, Rowling seems to be even stricter on innate abilities. She says one is "magical or not." When Crouch Sr. is described by Sirius Black as a powerfully magical man, Black is referring to an ambitious wizard who speaks more than two hundred languages and clearly has worked like fury his whole life not only to reach his position in the Ministry of Magic but to acquire a command of magic above the average. At nine years old Crouch was probably just as powerful, or not, as the young Rubeus Hagrid (I chose him because they were probably contemporary to each other) and his other nine-year-old peers.
JKR's description of the boy Voldemort is even more telling: Dumbledore states that his powers were incredibly "well-developed" at age eleven (HBP13); he does not say that his powers were immense or beyond the usual. As a loner with a lot of time to experiment on fellow orphans, Tom Riddle, Jr. was bound to achieve such a degree of control over his own abilities, but this by no means implies that his abilities were greater than anyone else's.
The most accomplished wizards in the Potterverse are often described as elderly or hard-working. Voldemort began his reign of terror by the age of 40, but he had spent the previous twenty years working harder than anyone to become powerful. Horace Slughorn was already a teacher at Hogwarts in the late Thirties (and perhaps before), and he is described as an extremely able wizard who evaded Voldemort for one year (HBP4). Dumbledore is 150 years old and has spent most of his life studying. These wizards are powerful because they refined their abilities and amassed an extensive knowledge of magic, and because they had a lot of time to do it.
Clearly, time is not enough, as Cornelius Fudge and Madam Marchbanks are also elderly and their powers are never praised. This is quite similar to Muggle world, where age is no indicator of wisdom. Actually, wisdom is a better word than intelligence to draw a parallel with magical power. Just as the former can be described as a high level of intimacy with the ways of people and the functioning of the world, the latter describes the level of intimacy with magic a wizard has reached. This is clearly true when we compare two teenage witches with distinct learning techniques: Hermione Granger and young Lily Evans.
Hermione is brilliant in a way quite unlike Lily's: she memorises a lot, gives undivided attention to instructions and likes to read. Lily, conversely, liked to experiment independently and had a vivacious mind, as Slughorn so fondly stated (HBP4). She and young Snape performed much better than Hermione at Potions, so I think JKR is making a point of working creatively here. Does anyone have any doubts as to who is more powerful: young Lily or Hermione? Or for that matter, who was more powerful, James (who used Levicorpus) or Snape (who invented Levicorpus)? Successful creativity is a marker of a high level of intimacy with magic.
Stan Shunpike could be just as powerful, if he were so inclined, as Dumbledore (well, it would take some time, naturally). But not everyone has as their primary goal climbing the ladder of knowledge. As George and Fred said, there are a lot of Ministry employees who cannot cast a Shield Charm, and that does not stop them being functional, professionally accomplished officers (HBP6). Just as ignoring the principles of quantum physics or Shakespeare's sonnet number 18 does not stop anyone from working in the Muggle world. If I were to predict, from the trio, who would become more powerful, I would say in this order: Hermione, Harry and Ron, from what we see of their interest in learning—which by no means reflects upon their performance in specific tasks such as duelling.
A wonderful world JKR has indeed created, where hard work and creativity are more important than ancestry and innate skill.
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Life in Your New Pond for Dummies
Our Team of Experts
Life in Your New Pond for Dummies...and useful hints for the rest of us.
SKIPPY SEZ: We are not going to try and go into all the aspects of what you can and can not do in order to have life flourish in your pond.
We will give you a broad overview of some of the most common forms of life which people introduce to their ponds and/or are put there by Mom. Here is something we keep harping on, but we need to always keep it in mind. Mom, (Mother Nature) does a pretty good job of adding life to the pond. It is her job and she has been doing it for sometime now. Right from the start she began putting life into your pond even before the water was shutoff. She tossed in a few bugs, a dash of micro organism, a little plant life and such...this batch of life gets mixed in the big bowl you call your pond and a cycle starts. Life breeds, lives and dies. Life forms eat other life forms, new life comes to the pond, in fact the longer the pond is in operation the more life comes to it. That is Mom's way and we got to deal with it. Which is not all that bad, as long as we follow her rule and example. Mom takes care of her own. When we add a life form to the pond we need to think about what that life form does to the other life that is already there. Also keep in mind that food and oxygen needs to be supplied for life to exist. The food can come naturally to the pond as long as there is not an overcrowding problem or supplied by you. Oxygen that is used up by the life in the pond can be replenished by some type of aeration, waterfall, fountain etc.. But the balance of life must be maintained or death is the result. Understanding this concept is the first step in urging Mom to let us have the type of life we want. To best illustrate this point we will again discuss the dreaded "green water" problem.
So, let's talk algae. Algae is one of the first forms of life that comes to a new pond. For those of you who do not know what algae is, it is microscopic plant life and after you have a pond for awhile you will get to know it as "green water." Most of us who want a pond like to have the water bright and clear. We want to see the fish and plants all the way to the bottom. So, we got to deal with this green water problem. There has been a ton of stuff written about green water and we will not attempt to discuss all the ins and outs and solutions to it here, but to just give an overview. Mom puts algae in the pond for a good reason. Algae is way down on the food chain, almost everything in your pond eats algae, including bacteria and the higher forms of animal life. If you take that into consideration then you will get a hint on how to overcome the green water problem.
Let us spell it out, if you want a clear water pond with life in it, then put or grow enough other forms of life that will eat the algae. When you get to that point, were the water is clear and life is doing well, you will have achieved what most people call a "balanced pond." Please do not get us wrong here, we are not saying that a murky pond or a over abundance of algae is an unhealthy pond for that might not be the case, what we are saying is that one way to get a clear pond is to balance the effect of algae growth with life that eats algae. A good starting point is the filter. A pond filter is different from a pool filter in the respect that a good pond filter in our opinion is a place were the biological effect that Mom set up from the beginning can take place. Where beneficial bacterial can do it's job of eating algae and decompose waste matter. Also by adding other plant life you tell Mom what form of life you want. If you kill off all her algae without replacing it with another form of life she will get upset and just put the algae back. That in a nutshell is what we mean when we say you have to work with Mom to get what you want.
If you want a more detailed explanation of the biological effect of filtration Click here for the "FM Cure for Green Water".
If you want a rule of thumb as far as what higher forms of life you can and can not put into your pond? How about this... put whatever you want! That is as long as you are willing and able to take care of it and can accept the consequences.
Let's talk food chain. If you put some life form in your pond it has to eat. That is the way it works. Now, it does not take a marine biologist to know that some fish eat other fish, and big fish normally eat smaller fish. So when you stock your pond take that into account. If you put in a northern pike and a few small goldfish, soon you will have a fat pike and no goldfish. Now, we are not saying you can not have a northern pike, that is up to you, but you are going to have to provide for that pike and the consequences of having it. Any fish or other life you put in your pond has to become compatible with the other forms of life there.
Also climate and water conditions effect the life that will live in your pond. Example: You will have a hard time trying to get a salt water ropical electric eel to flourish in an out door pond in Manitoba Canada. There are of course other considerations, like breeding habits etc., the best recommendation we can make is to investigate the life form you want to put into your pond before you actually do it.
SKIPPY SEZ: Here are a few recommendations as to compatible life for the average pond...
KOI, we like koi, they are beautiful, lively and relatively easy to care for in both warm and cold climates. If you want to find out about koi, take your search engine and put in the word "koi" or "nishikigoi" (Japanese word) and you will soon have a whole wealth of information on this subject. Some call them just "colorful carp" and that is somewhat the case, but calling a world class "kohaku" or "showa" (types of koi) a carp is like calling the ceiling of the Sistine chapel just a paint job. Take a long hard look at koi keeping and we think you will find them rewarding in ways you never dreamed of.
Goldfish, yes they make nice pond fish and they have some redeeming value, but in our opinion why have a goldfish when you can have a koi? It seems that a lot of people start off with a few goldfish and then add koi later, which is fine, but why not just start with koi? We think the main reason is cost. Goldfish are cheap, but quality koi are not that much more. The main thing to keep in mind when buying goldfish or any other fish for that matter is be careful. Buy only fish you can be relatively sure are free of disease. Stay away from the so called "feeder fish", for that is what they are, fish to feed to other fish.
Golden Orfe, neat fish, hard to find and in some states, illegal to keep. If you can find them and are allowed to keep them, a few of these guys can be fun. They dart around like they have someplace to go all the time. It is best to have a few Orfes together for they seem to like to be in schools, which must mean they like to learn. (sorry, could not help it) In England they are a very common pond fish.
Catfish, suckers, bottom feeders, etc. Again just be careful and remember the food chain. A channel cat can grow very large and does not always feed on the bottom. Algae eaters in the aquarium are fine, but in the pond they seem to disappear and really do not do much to limit the algae growth. Keep in mind your climate and requirements for keeping fish in cold weather.
Trout, bluegills, pike, bass and other game fish. Well, it is up to you, but keep in mind the upkeep, the food chain and also any local, state or national governmental requirements, like permits and such. (hint... a few small bluegills really help to keep down a goldfish over-breeding problem, but they grow so be careful) Fish sold as "sketter-eaters" are most likely just minnows which need fresh high oxygenated water to live.
Snails, tadpoles, turtles and such, we like them. They are fun to watch. The problem with them is that they have the habit of not staying were you put them. Tadpoles become frogs, frogs have legs, frogs use those legs to hop. Bye, bye frog. We hope you get the point. Snails will usually stay in the pond and they have some beneficial effect on algae growth, but consideration should be given to climate and breeding habits (some are very proliferate breeders and can become a problem in themselves). Turtles are interesting and seem to go hand in hand with a pond, but they do have legs and some like to eat fish. With this type of pond life we can only say the best you can do is roll the dice, some do well, some do not. Get as much information as you can before spending money on them.
The Great White Shark: not recommended for backyard ponds!
Whether you


LED Beam Moving Head Light
What are the wash lights and its effect?
Oct 15, 2020
The wash lights can be used in many places, such as parties, weddings, bars, outdoor buildings, bridges, etc., because of their various colors, uniform brightness, and easy installation. They can also create unexpected atmospheres and atmospheres and are widely used.
So what is the LED wash light?
The LED Wash light, as the name suggests, is a light that can make the lighting like the water wash the wall; it is mainly used for decorative lighting and light effect beautification of architectural projects, such as commercial buildings, bridges and docks, and also used to emerge the outline of large buildings. In additional it can create a variety of atmospheres in some places, such as parties, bars, etc.
How the LED wash light works?
The wash light mainly redefines its projection distance and condensing uniformity by adjusting the two-way light-emitting angle of the LED light source through the secondary light distribution. Its function is more focused on expressing the appearance of the building outline from line to surface. From the perspective of light emitting effect, it belongs to "surface light". There are also many types of wash light shapes, which are long, round, square.length, and size which can be selected by the user are suitable for installation and use of different modelling building. The LED wash light brings a new visual experience through the clever combination of colorful light and projection angle, and makes people immersed in the unpredictable color world;
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12x12W 6-in-1 Washer light
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How does LED wash light achieve the effect?
The LED wash light is controlled by a built-in microchip. In small-scale engineering applications, it can be used without a controller. It can achieve dynamic effects such as fade change, step change, color flashing, random flashing, and fade change alternation. It can also be controlled by DMX to achieve effects such as chasing and scanning. At present, the main application fields are: exterior wall lighting of single building and historical buildings; building interior and exterior lighting, indoor local lighting; green landscape lighting, billboard lighting; medical, cultural and other special facilities lighting; Atmosphere lighting in entertainment venues such as bars, dance halls, etc.
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College of Science News
PASSY STUDYING THE CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES OF RARITY IN FRESHWATER SPECIES
A biologist from The University of Texas at Arlington is studying why the populations of some species are more adversely affected than others by various harmful factors in freshwater environments.
Sophia Passy, associate professor of biology, received a two-year, $199,997 grant from the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology for her project, titled "EAGER: Global assessment of the causes and consequences of commonness and rarity in freshwaters".
Human activity has caused a decline in global biodiversity through resource overexploitation, habitat modification, and introduction of non-native species. When rare species are lost, communities exhibit decreased functionality and provide devalued services to humans, which is an environmental and a socioeconomic problem.
"Although biodiversity loss is global and affects all ecosystems, biodiversity in freshwaters is threatened by much higher extinction rates compared to terrestrial habitats," Passy said. "Therefore, a better understanding of the causes and extent of rarity in freshwaters is urgently needed."
Passy and students in her laboratory are using the species abundance distribution (SAD) – a measure of the relative abundances of common and rare species within a sample or ecological community – to assess species rarity.
"Although the SAD has been investigated for more than 70 years, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that determine the patterns of abundance inequality," Passy said.
In order to address this knowledge gap, Passy and her students are developing a novel framework which predicts the response of the SAD in freshwater habitats along environmental and spatial gradients. They are also investigating how the SAD affects regional biodiversity. The study also will inform decisions for watershed management and biodiversity preservation by explaining the causes of rarity in species targeted for conservation.
First results from this research reveal that in the United States, biodiversity and the SAD of diatom communities — unicellular algae and some of the most important producers in stream ecosystems — are strongly affected by temperature seasonality, with higher seasonality (a higher temperature difference between warm and cold months) contributing to more diverse communities with a more balanced distribution of common and rare species. As temperature seasonality is expected to decrease with global warming due to warming of the cold months, diatom biodiversity is likely to decline and species rarity to increase with potential negative consequences for primary production and maintenance of higher trophic levels.
The project is providing research training for one postdoctoral associate and two graduate students. Katrina Pound, a postdoctoral associate in Passy's lab, is examining what environmental factors constrain the distribution of freshwater species across the contiguous United States. Her research suggests that climate exerts the strongest influence on the distributions of multiple freshwater organismal groups, including diatoms, insects, and fish, surpassing the effects of water chemistry and watershed characteristics. These results indicate that climate change may alter species ranges and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems to a greater extent than other serious anthropogenic impacts, such as water fertilization and pollution.
In collaboration with a team of international researchers, William Budnick, a Ph.D. student in Passy's lab, is investigating how regional biodiversity of diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fish, collected from streams in the United States, Canada, and France, is affected by land use. His findings indicate that agricultural land use leads to loss of regional biodiversity across all studied groups of organisms, but the mechanisms driving this process are groupand region-specific, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation efforts.
NSF's EAGER (Early-concept Grants for Exploratory Research) program was designed specifically for innovative research – potentially transformative or exploratory projects that examine new subjects, different methods, or interdisciplinary approaches.
Clay Clark, professor and chair of the UTA Department of Biology, said that Passy's research has the potential to provide scientists with knowledge about why species are abundant in some environments but scarce or nonexistent in others. The project also advances research in global environmental impact, one of the main themes of UTA's Strategic Plan 2020: Bold Solutions | Global Impact.
"Dr. Passy's work could help ecologists learn a great deal about the underlying causes of the distribution of freshwater species abundance and thus allow for more effective methods to protect the biodiversity found in these environments," Clark said.
Passy received an M.S. in Biology (1986) from Sofia University in Bulgaria. She earned a Ph.D. in Ecology from Bowling Green State University in Ohio in 1997 and held postdoctoral positions at the University of Minnesota Medical School and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York before coming to UTA in 2001.


Traceable Species
Iceland Scallop
Icelandic Scallop, Arctic Scallop, Hotate (sushi), Haneskjell (Norwegian), Hörpudiskur (Icelandic),
Iceland Scallop
While the giant sea scallop grows quickly reaching reproductive maturity at the age of two, the Iceland scallop is much slower growing. It reaches maturity between five and seven years. It typically lives on a hard seafloor consisting largely of sand, gravel, shell fragments, and stones at depts of 15 to 80 metres. These filter feeders depend on strong currents rich in phytoplankton and small zooplankton for nourishment. They are broadcast spawners with males and females releasing millions of eggs and sperm. Spawning is triggered by warm water and hormonal cues typically between April and August, depending on the area. They grow mostly in the spring and early summer months.
Iceland Scallop
Food Info Iceland Scallop
 - Colour: opaque white to pale beige to creamy pink
 - Texture: very fleshy meat which is lean and firm in texture
 - Flavour: A sweet, mild taste
 - Perfect serve: Scallops are particularly popular as an appetizer, often wrapped in bacon and quickly grilled. To make the most of the distinctive sweet flavour of scallops, pan sear them quickly till just brown and slightly crusty on the outside and still tender in the middle. Serve with a light, not overpoweringly flavoured, sauce: lemon-butter or white wine and herb come to mind. Be careful not to overcook them as they toughen up easily.
Species Range
Iceland Scallop range Source:
Icelandic Scallop
Arctic Scallop
Hotate (sushi)
Haneskjell (Norwegian)
Hörpudiskur (Icelandic)
Icelandic Scallop - North Shore Apr 06 - Nov 29
Iceland scallops are known for their iconic shape, a fan-like shell with fluted grooves. Unlike its giant sea scallop cousin which can propel itself by expelling jets of water, the Iceland scallop attaches itself to rocks on the seafloor in shallow waters. They are plentiful in sub-arctic waters off Newfoundland, Labrador and Quebec in Canada, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and in the Barents Sea off Russia.
This bi-valve mollusk has a reddish-pink upper shell and white or cream-coloured lower shell. Ten-year-old scallops measure between 6.5 and 8.5 cm in height with the largest measuring 16 cm. The scallop is revered for its sweet, delicious flavour and melt-in-the-mouth texture.
Fishing Methods
{'fisheries': [], 'gear': }
Digby Dredge
Fish harvesters drag a tow bar attached to metal chain-link baskets along the seafloor to catch sea scallops.
Featured Harvester Bernie Berry
Mangrove Crab Harvester
Canavieiras, Brazil
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Pets for Life Points the Way to Better Animal Health and Reduced Shelter Overpopulation through Community Outreach
The Humane Society of the United States today released the report "Pets for Life – A New Community Understanding." This report explains that increasing access and removing cost barriers to animal care and veterinary services for pet owners in underserved areas will improve community animal health and reduce shelter overpopulation.
The report uses data gathered from events organized by The HSUS Pets for Life team and local partners to provide free and low-cost pet wellness and spay/neuter services for people in underserved communities. PFL is a program of The HSUS that employs innovative strategies and fresh approaches to extend the reach of animal services, resources, and information for the sake of building humane communities.
In difficult economic times, families can have trouble providing for the health and welfare of pets. With two-thirds of American families having pets and nearly one in every six Americans living at or below poverty level, it's more important than ever to reach out to those in need with workable answers.
Among the key findings in the report:
More than half, 53 percent, of the owners of unaltered pets surveyed had never seen a veterinarian before. There is a growing gap between underserved pet owners and veterinary service providers and this has severe consequences for companion animal overpopulation and overall health.
The vast majority, 87 percent, of attendees at Pets for Life events had never contacted their local animal control or animal shelter organization for any reason. It is critical for leaders in the animal welfare field to recognize the unmet needs in their communities and the impact on companion animal health and overpopulation.
Meeting people in the neighborhoods where they live, and marketing services strategically using canvassing and community organizing techniques, is much more effective than traditional advertising in reaching owners of unaltered pets in underserved communities. Adequate follow-up is critical to build relationships and ensure that animal veterinary needs are met.
"Pets are one of the greatest common denominators across social, economic and cultural boundaries and are a very important part of most people's lives," said Amanda Arrington, associate director for Pets for Life. "Recognizing that so many people in underserved communities are struggling to care for their pets with little to no basic health care and wellness resources available is heart-breaking. The animal welfare, veterinary and related fields must take this as a call to action and work together to ensure that all pet owners have the information, resources, and services they need."
The data used in the report were taken from service records and surveys conducted at 16 outreach events in 11 markets held since March 2010 and represent close to 5,400 companion animals.
The full report is available here (pdf).
To learn more about Pets for Life and view upcoming events, click here.