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Get this from a library legislative process in india : a study of state financial committees [krishan lal. Legislature: meaning of other states have bicameral legislature 22 states of india have to perform its due role in the legislative process. Legislative process in india under the constitution of indiaauthorstream presentation. Home about the profession brief history of law in india brief in the process through judicial pronouncements and legislative action.
Why doesn't every state in india have a vidhan parishad or legislative accountability and transparency of the decision making process the existence of a. The legislative process is more complicated than taught in most civic courses this section presents a detailed description of the legislative maze a bill must navigate before it can become law. Bills for session 2018 as bills are introduced during the legislative session, the bill number and short description are included in the list below active bills are displayed in blue all bills must achieve certain milestones within specific deadlines throughout the legislative process in order to remain active. How can the answer be improved.
The legislative bodies in india are also known by their more common name: parliament the legislature has members who are democratically elected by the indian election process. Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the parliament of india in the form of a bill a bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of parliament and assented to by the president, becomes an act of parliament. Register free to download files | file name : legislative process in india a study of state financial committees pdf legislative process in india a.
The legislative process all legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the united states, which shall consist of a senate and house of. The legislative procedure for bills involving taxing and spending--known as money bills--is different from the procedure for other legislation money bills can be introduced only in the lok sabha after the lok sabha passes a money bill, it is sent to the rajya sabha the upper house has fourteen days to act on the bill. Elections in the republic of india in 2018 include by-elections to the lok sabha members to the state legislative councils naga peace process edit. The legislative process is fundamental to democracy1 public participation with the legislative process results in better laws and fewer amendments1 both transparency and accessibility of the legislative process are required for effective public participation democratic governments provide for public engagement in lawmaking through.
Candidates from india and pakistan will be professionals (ages 25-40) with experience in the legislative process and/or policymaking, including: good governance (transparency, anti-corruption, right-to-information), legislative and political processes, including the role of women, minorities, and marginalized populations in them, youth politics and. Bills for session 2018 all bills must achieve certain milestones within specific deadlines throughout the legislative process in native american indian. Election procedure in india the constituencies for elections to the legislative the nomination of candidates is an important part of the election process.
Legislative process in india under the constitution of india. The rajya sabha is the upper house of parliament 233 of its members are elected indirectly by the legislative assemblies of elections in india elections in india. Indiana general assembly 2018 session primary navigation links each entry expands to a submenu containing a structure of links disposed in.
Legislative process latest breaking news, pictures, videos, and special reports from the economic times legislative process blogs, comments and archive news on economictimescom. The president is not a member of either house of the parliament but he is an integral part of the legislative process he plays an important role in the making of laws lawmaking is not initiated by him but he can significantly influence it (a) summoning the housethe president has the power to. 7 main functions of legislatures in india they may be classified as legislative determination of policies and legislation through a process of debate and. The legislative process in the indian parliament the law-making process in the indian parliament involves various steps, from the introduction to the final approval of the president the process is a long one and has often been criticised on many grounds, justified or otherwise.
The legislative procedure in india for the union government requires that proposed bills pass through the two legislative houses of the indian parliament the legislative procedure for. In 1787, leaders from each of the states gathered to write the united states constitution the constitution sets out how our nation is governed and. National portal of india is a mission mode project under the national e state legislature get information about the legislative assembly of himachal. Legislation has been defined as the process of making or types of bills introduced in the parliament of india of bills in the legislative process of india 1. A member of legislative assembly (mla) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of a state in the indian system of government each state has between seven and nine mlas for every member of parliament (mp) that it has in the lok sabha. Legislative process in india in india, the law making bodies are parliament at the central level and legislative assemblies and councils (wherever applicable) at the state level. The legislative branch of government has responsibilities which in many cases transcend the process of enactment of legislation among these are the senate's power of advice and consent with regard to treaties and nominations.


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the relative abundance of Isotomidae, closely followed by an increase of Entomobryidae. Contrastingly, Acari (especially Oribatida) tended to increase their numbers with higher concentrations. Trait based analysis of Collembola data suggested that a shift in the functional composition of the communities occurred due to carbofuran soil contamination and that species adapted to deeper soil layers were more vulnerable to insecticide toxicity. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


NAME Data::Password - Perl extension for assessing password quality. SYNOPSIS use Data::Password qw(IsBadPassword); print IsBadPassword("clearant"); # Bad password - contains the word 'clear', only lowercase use Data::Password qw(:all); $DICTIONARY = 0; $GROUPS = 0; print IsBadPassword("clearant"); DESCRIPTION This module checks potential passwords for crackability. It checks that the password is in the appropriate length, that it has enough character groups, that it does not contain the same characters repeatedly or ascending or descending characters, or charcters close to each other in the keyboard. It will also attempt to search the ispell word file for existance of whole words. The module's policies can be modified by changing its variables. (Check "VARIABLES"). For doing it, it is recommended to import the ':all' shortcut when requiring it: *use Data::Password qw(:all);* FUNCTIONS 1 IsBadPassword(password) Returns undef if the password is ok, or a textual description of the fault if any. 2 IsBadPasswordForUNIX(user, password) Performs two additional checks: compares the password against the login name and the "comment" (ie, real name) found on the user file. VARIABLES 1 $DICTIONARY Minimal length for dictionary words that are not allowed to appear in the password. Set to false to disable dictionary check. 2 $FOLLOWING Maximal length of characters in a row to allow if the same or following. If $FOLLOWING_KEYBOARD is true (default), the module will also check for alphabetical keys following, according to the English keyboard layout. Set $FOLLOWING to false to bypass this check. 3 $GROUPS Groups of characters are lowercase letters, uppercase letters, digits and the rest of the allowed characters. Set $GROUPS to the number of minimal character groups a password is required to have. Setting to false or to 1 will bypass the check. 4 $MINLEN $MAXLEN Minimum and maximum length of a password. Both can be set to false. 5 _USER_ Location where we are looking for dictionary files. You may want to set this variable if you are using not *NIX like operating system. FILES * /usr/dict/web2 * /usr/dict/words * /etc/passwd SEE ALSO See Data::Password::BasicCheck if you need only basic password checking. Other modules Data::Password::Common, Data::Password::Check, Data::Password::Meter, Data::Password::Entropy and String::Validator::Password AUTHOR Raz Information Systems, COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2001 - 2013 Raz Information Systems Ltd. This package is distributed under the same terms as Perl itself, see the Artistic License on Perl's home page.


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ART 260 Basic Ceramics I • 5 Cr.
Introduces basic forming techniques of hand building and surface techniques including under glazes and glazes for earthenware and high-fire clay bodies. Students also get limited time on the wheel.
After completing this class, students should be able to:
Students will gain the technical skill to succeed in constructing clay objects in the following hand-building methods specifically (pinch, coil, and slab) and also be able to utilize surface treatments that include slips and underglazes, low and high temperature firing glazes, and overglazes and to demonstrate these abilities in a series of projects that self focus on aspects of function and utility and/or elements of sculpture and form. They will also gain a limited understanding of historical ceramics through visuals.


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Hudson Valley Iron-Ore Mining Industry: A History of Sterling Forest
Heavy metal: Sterling Forest was once the center of the Valley's rich iron-ore industry
Stoking the fire: A reproduction of Sterling Iron's giant furnace, where magnetite was smelted into pure iron
Photographs by Jeff Sumberg
(page 1 of 2)
As a non-historian writing a history column, I am continually amazed and amused by the Hudson Valley's varied and colorful past. Not long ago I learned that we were once the Violet Capital of the World, growing and shipping fashion's most popular petal to all parts of the globe in the late 19th-early 20th centuries. And now I find that this forgotten, delicate industry was preceded by an equally forgotten but much more masculine one.
To me, Iron City meant only the Pittsburgh-brewed beer. The Iron Range was an area in northern Minnesota that produced hard-nosed hockey players. Turns out that both of these are relative latecomers, newbies, tyros. If you want to know about American ironworks, you need only look downstate.
Edward Lenik, an archeologist in Wayne, New Jersey, who literally wrote the book on the area's iron history (Iron Mine Trails: A History and Hiker's Guide to the Historic Iron Mines of the New Jersey and New York Highlands; sadly, it's out of print), says that when the English settled northern New Jersey and southern New York in the 1730s, they began looking for gold and silver. There wasn't any, but a man named Cornelius Board met some Native Americans who said they knew about some "black rock" in the area. "They showed him outcrops of this rock, which he recognized as iron ore," Lenik says.
Specifically, it was a mineral called magnetite, an iron oxide which Board knew he could forge into pure iron. So, according to records at the New York State Library, in 1736 Board and a partner named Timothy Ward bought 150 acres of land and formed the Sterling Forge and Furnace Company. They built a bloomery, a furnace used for smelting iron ore. Workers would heat the mineral and beat out all excess material with a hammer, leaving only pure iron behind. They continued this process until 1751, when they constructed their first blast furnace, which heated the magnetite with limestone over a 2,000-degree charcoal fire. The chemical reaction liquefied the iron and separated it from the other materials.
A plaque at the site outlines the history of the furnace
The Sterling works soon began manufacturing ship anchors with their iron, and the business took off. In the 1760s, they also produced such goods as pig and bar iron; cart, wagon, and chair spindles; tea kettles, skillets, and pots. Around this time a man named Peter Townsend became a partner in the company, and under his family's leadership Sterling prospered during the American Revolution, manufacturing arms and ammunition for Washington's Continental Army and supplying anchors for Navy warships. In fact, the mine made one item in particular that may have saved the Colonial cause from near certain collapse.
In February 1778, the Army contracted with Townsend to make an iron chain that was to be placed clear across the Hudson River at West Point. Its purpose was to block British ships from attacking New York City from the north. Townsend's chain, as it came to be known, was laid in place on April 30, 1778 — and the British never even tried to cross it.
Peter Townsend died in 1783, but the ironworks remained in his family's possession until the mid-1800s. It was during this period that business boomed — and not just for Sterling. Others explored and dug dozens of mines in the region. "Some were successful, some were not," Lenik says. But there were two other major mining operations nearby. One was in Ringwood, New Jersey, which operated until 1930; the other was the O'Neil mine in Orange County. All three were full-fledged mining complexes. "The companies built villages and the miners — first the English and later Germans, Irish, and Italians — lived there," he says. "Workers were paid 81 cents a day at O'Neil in 1870, and you could feed a family on that."
Remnants of Sterling's community are still visible. Now known as the Lakeville "ghost town," foundations from the furnaces, mines, and houses linger along hiking trails. Says Doc Bayne, former environmental educator and historian at Sterling Forest State Park, "They had a company store, buildings for the industry processing, a hotel, and homes. Both management and workers lived there with their families, and some single men who pretty much just lived out in the woods. We do still find old foundations around."
Not much is known about the Sterling company from the post-Civil War period until 1890. By the turn of the century, however, the business was failing. The depression of _PHONE_ had something to do with that. But a bigger concern — one that eventually ended the iron industry here — was the 1866 discovery of a vast deposit of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, located in northern Minnesota (in an area still known today as the Iron Range). This deposit was not only more extensive than the eastern range, it was far more easily accessible: Most of the iron was close to the surface and could be extracted in shallow open pits rather than in deep mines. Shipping on the Great Lakes also made transportation easier, so the economics of the industry shifted seismically. Except for a brief flurry of activity during World War I, the Sterling Mine declined. The company closed for good in 1923, and the Lakeville ironworks town crumbled.
See gallery below to view more photos of abandoned mines in Sterling Forest.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The virtual musical blackboard is an alternative musical interface device. Specifically, the blackboard serves as a "glitch interface" to a Casio MT-401 synthesizer.
View the schematics (Note: The PIC Microcontroller includes all of the helper circuitry given by the CUI design by Dan Overholt
Download the C source code and MPLAB project file
NEW!See the blackboard in action (Quicktime MP4 video)
The original concept for the system came from an initial exploration of the circuitry of the Casio MT-401 keyboard. It was initially thought that because the keyboard is digital in its sound production, there would be limited opportunities for "circuit bending", a procedure traditionally reserved for analog systems.
But in the process of probing the system, it was discovered that shorting various pins on the memory chip together produced a variety of digital noise effects.
From this discovery, the abstract blackboard interface was conceived. Because the digital noises produced from the memory pin shorting were loud and abrasive, it was reminiscent of the sound thtat fingernails on a blackboard produce.
Now, it just so happens that the main keyboard PCB contains an unused 40-pin chip slot (presumably for debugging early in-house system prototypes). Using this, we will be able to interface with the keyboard in whatever fashion we want.
There are several ways to replicate the effect of shorting memory pin chips. One of the simplest would be to connect all 40 pins to an external microcontroller. The microcontroller could pull individual pins high or low. However, this method does not allow us to short individual memory pins together. Nor does it replicate the analog nature of physically attaching electrodes to memory pins.
Thus, we will construct a 40-pin parallel analog switching circuit. The logic is simple: A serial stream of digital bits gets converted to a 40-bit parallel signal. These lines each control the enabling of an IC analog switch. The inputs to each of these switches are wired to a common point, so that an enabled switch will connect the corresponding memory pin with all other pins currently switched on.
In order to realize the blackboard metaphor, several different types of sensors were considered. The original goal was to construct a sensor that could detect a range of different gestures from a large surface. However, the complexity of the interface needed to remain low because of the limited time available for the project.
After much research, it was decided that a capacitive sensor would be the ideal method to gather input from the blackboard. Capacitive sensors can be found in many touch-sensitive lamps and radios, because they are cheap and relatively simple to produce.
However, most touch-sensitive switches are of the simple on-off variety - definitely not enough input variation for the kind of interface we need. So a pressureand velocity-sensitive version was adapted from a circuit by John Simonton.
The construction of the physical blackboard interface proved to be fairly simple. A wooden frame was constructed to hold a piece of scrap sheet metal. The unit was then soldered to a lead attached to the capacitive sensing circuit.
The construction of the interface between the keyboard and the microcontroller proved to be a bit more labor-intensive. The sheer number of pins on the keyboard memory chip meant that a large Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO) latch circuit was needed to provide 40 outputs necessary from the microcontroller.
With a large circuit comes a large debugging task. Though the initial design was theoretically simple, all circuit projects have unforseen problems.
The first problem occured when attempting to power the interface from the keyboard. For some unknown reason, the keyboard would not start up correctly if it was powering the interface on its own power. Thus, the system needed to provide its own power, in the form of a USB cable from the PIC microcontroller board.
With so much circuitry, it was difficult to find a way to integrate the project into the keyboard. Ideally, the entire interface save for the physical blackboard would be contained inside the keyboard. But this has two problems:
So, the PIC microcontroller and the sensing circuitry were fitted into an external housing, while the interface between the PIC and the keyboard were fit into the keyboard housing. A 5-pin ribbon cable is all that connects the two units.
Through much testing and trial changing the code, an algorithm was devised that produced a fairly extensive range of glitch sounds when the blackboard was touched. Much of the trial had to do with how the pressure/velocity data from the blackboard was translated to the memory pins, and how fast the system updated its readings. But with suitable values, the system retains much of its "analog pin-swiping" sound it exhibited originally.
It was initially thought that the capacitive sensing circuit would produce unstable results, causing glitches in the system when not being touched and not activating when touched. However, the sensor is suprisingly stable. This has quite a bit to do with the "noise gate" coded into the software: No input was transferred to the memory pins until the pressure of the sensor climbed above a certain threshold.
Though the actual design changed quite a bit from initial concept to final prototype, the end product was remarkably similar to what was envisioned. Next time around, more care needs to be taken to ensure all construction is resistant against damage. Things such as proper connectors, proper housing, and proper power need to be addressed in order to build a second, better prototype.
Questions? Comments? Email Ryan Avery


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AWWA-91248 State of the Science of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water
Enjoy a video presentation about Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water!
State of the Science of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water pulls together the current scientific knowledge on chlorine dioxide and its applications in drinking water treatment.
You get the most current scientific information about chlorine dioxide, along with operational practices, analytical expertise, and utility experiences through case histories as well as the expertise of individual authors.
The objectives of this research project were threefold:
- To produce a current reference book with a global view of the use of chlorine dioxide, encompassing scientific, technological, and operational approaches used in drinking water treatment in developed nations.
- To compare and contrast European and North American practices and their experiences with chlorine dioxide production, applications, and regulations.
- To update knowledge about the current technologies of production, process control, and residual monitoring in plants and distribution systems.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introductory Background and Legislative/Regulatory Perspectives
Chapter 2: Chlorine Dioxide Chemistry, Reactions, and Disinfection By-Products
Chapter 3: Generation Technologies and Chemical Safety
Chapter 4: Application Strategies in Drinking Water
Chapter 5: Inactivation of Microorganisms by Chlorine Dioxide
Chapter 6: Distribution Systems
Chapter 7: The Measurement of Residuals and Monitoring Strategies
Chapter 8: Drinking Water Treatment with Chlorine Dioxide and Potential Health Effects
Chapter 9: Conclusions and Future Research Needs
Author: Don Gates, Giuliano Ziglio, Kenan Ozekin
Publisher: Water Research Foundation, Fondazione AMGA
Publication date: 2009
AWWA catalog no: 91248
Media Type: HARDBACK
Number of pages: 363
ASNT-1531-PK Personnel Training Publications: Radiographic Testing (RT) Programmed Instruction Series
ASNT-4002EQ UT Flawed Specimen Kit


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This is the second dimension of color and is possibly the simplest to understand. It is, according to Albert Munsell's definition, "The quality by which we distinguish a light color from a dark one." We noted that the first dimension did not tell us whether a color was light or dark.
It told us that the color was green and not red, but we know that there may be light green and dark green. The function of Value is to tell us how light or how dark a given color is.
For this purpose we shall need a scale of Value, which we may conceive as a vertical pole, or axis, to our circle of Hues. Black is at the lower end, representing total absence of light. White is at the top, representing pure light. Between these are a number of divisions of gray, regularly graded between black and white. This gradation could also be infinite. Since pure black is unattainable, we will call that 0 and begin our scale with the darkest gray as 1, numbering the steps up to 9, which is the lightest gray. Pure white, which is also unattainable, we will call 10. In the practical use of the scale of Value, therefore, we shall have but 9 steps and the middle one of these will be 5 - what is referred to as Middle Value. These steps of Value, have been scientifically measured and registered by means of an instrument called a Photometer.* In writing a color formula we express this dimension of Value by a numeral, which denotes at what step upon the scale of Value this color falls. This numeral is written above a line, as B 6/ for example, by which we mean that this particular blue, regardless of its other qualities, is as light or as dark as the 6th step upon the scale of Value. A color such as is commonly called "maroon" is an example of a red which is low in Value, because it is dark. What is called "pink" is a red which is high in Value because it is light. Now having familiarized ourselves with these two dimensions and understanding what qualities of a color they express, we may proceed to consider the third dimension. Without this third dimension our description of any given color is incomplete.
*This instrument is described in Albert Munsell's book, "A Color Notation." Munsell Color Co., Boston, 1919, p. 38.


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- Click On Orange Button Above For Free 'Insider' GACE Report
Making the Most of GACE Study Guide Books
The final hurdle to jump on the path to becoming a teacher in Georgia is passing the Georgia Assessment for the Certification of Educators (GACE) exam. Everyone from the 20 year teaching vet moving states to the new college graduate has to have a plan for passing the exam. The GACE is different than other state certification tests, and since it costs a pretty penny to take, it seems worth it for test takers to invest in a high quality study guide book.
Unfortunately, there are many GACE study guides on the market that over promise and under deliver when it comes to helping you pass the GACE. The same can be said for the GACE practice tests inside those prep books.
This article will help you make the most of your studying and avoid making a costly mistake with your precious time and money. We analyzed real reviews from websites like Amazon to give you practical advice about GACE study guide books. Our research found that study guide books had content and practice materials that were not on the test and despite the money spent did not help test takers pass the exam.
Reviews of the most popular study guides made the point that there wasn't much guiding going on inside of the pages because the authors did not include enough examples or descriptions for how to solve test questions. The GACE book often had pages and pages of content that was disorganized without basic parts such as an index or glossary. How do publishers get away with producing such a poor product? After all, why pay money for something you can do better yourself?
Problem #1: The GACE Study Guide Format And Content Does Not Match Real Test.
The GACE prep books on the market are a joke. They are mass produced by publishers who spend more time writing their product descriptions than they do their study guide materials. It is truly sad that people using these study guides eventually failed their GACE exams even though they put the time, effort, and money into their preparation because the format and content of the study guide did not match the actual test.
It is a major problem when a GACE guide book includes topics that are not listed in the GACE test framework and leaves out ones that are. You could know the study guide like the back of your hand yet walk into the test and feel like you knew nothing. What a waste of time and money! Thankfully, you can download a free study companion from the official GACE website to start your studying on the right foot.
The free study companion gives you a breakdown of the proportion of each objective on the test. This is critical information to begin your studying with because you cannot rely on the content in the study guide books to accurately represent how the GACE exam will be tested. It is up to you to learn what objectives are most likely to be represented on the test and prioritize your studying in proportion of how often they will appear in the exam.
One way to familiarize and learn the format and structure of the test using the free study companion is to mind map the content areas and objectives. A mind map is a visual representation of dumping the knowledge you already have into a format that is easy for the brain to remember.
For example, if you are studying for the high school mathematics test you can begin with writing Subarea 1 – Number and Quantity 30% with a circle around it to represent how frequently you can expect this concept to show up on the exam. Then draw wavy lines from the center to the outer edges of the page and summarize each objective in your own words. Then attach another wavy line from the objective to tell yourself where you can access resources for this topic (e.g. college notes, khan academy, YouTube).
By the end of this mind mapping process you will have familiarized yourself with the content and structure of the course and built an outline of how to study for the exam.
Problem #2: The GACE Prep Guide Does Not Have Sample Questions.
How can a GACE study guides claim to help you pass an exam and have no worked examples to follow? The biggest sin a study guide can make is to only give examples of topics with the answers but then absolutely no work-out to provide direction as to how they arrived at the given answer. It's as if the authors expect you to memorize the question and answer because it is verbatim from the GACE. Most guides fail to give you all of the steps and assume you will know how they got to the answer, but if you are just learning or relearning these concepts, seeing all of the steps is vital.
If you can't rely on expensive GACE test preparation material, then where else can you turn for step-by-step help on questions likely to asked on the GACE test? New technologies such as _URL_, a computational intelligence platform allow users like you to ask a question and receive solutions that include step-by-step details. You can register as a free user and ask a range of questions from math to art and from physics to history.
Leveraging technology is another way to triangulate questions and answers so that you have confidence that what you are learning will help you pass the GACE exam. Test out the process by checking the answer to a question you already know, so that you can become familiar with the style of the output.
Problem #3: GACE Preparation Materials Are Too Wordy And Lack Basic Organization Like A Glossary Or Index.
GACE study guides try and justify their expensive prices by adding way more info in the book than what you will actually be tested on. In fact, some do not have much of anything in their guides that is actually on the test, and others read like summary notes of random subject knowledge. Even though you can't trust the study guide authors to craft an organized companion to the GACE test, by following these four steps, you can create your own personalized study guide.
STEP 1: Take the free practice test in the GACE study companion. You can download a copy from the official GACE website.
STEP 2: Rate each question on a scale of 1 to 3, 1 being easy, 2 being somewhat difficult, and 3 being difficult.
STEP 3: Create a table from the GACE objectives. Make each line represent an objective. Then re-read the practice test questions and categorize them into the table according to the objective you think it best belongs to. This process will go a long way towards helping you understand exactly what you will be tested on.
STEP 4: Look at the table and find the objectives with the most questions you rated as 2 – somewhat difficult and 3 – difficult. Start your test preparation by focusing on these objectives first.
Links to Free GACE Prep Tips and Tactics:
- GACE Practice Test
- GACE Study Guide
- GACE Test Prep
- GACE Test
- GACE Early Childhood Education
- GACE Pass Now
Save your money and protect yourself from study guide books that do not prepare test takers for success on the GACE exam. You can control your teaching destiny by using free resources and hacking the content and structure of the exam. Start this process by
- Downloading the GACE Study Companion from the official website and mind mapping the content areas and objectives.
- Sign up for free websites like _URL_ to get step-by-step instructions and solutions to questions and content that you need help with.
- Take the free GACE practice test and start the process of creating your own personalized study guide.
You will sprint to the finish line in record time because of yours personalized preparation. Expensive study guides for sale on Amazon do not deliver the same results and put you at risk of failing the GACE and losing your money.
Author: Mark Dahlson
Last updated: 03/21/2020


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There is a need for a harmonised tool for sustainable resource management in Europe. The United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) is a system that may be used for this purpose. In MINTELL4EU we aim to demonstrate if geological surveys will be able to apply UNFC, and to show if the application of UNFC will provide better harmonization of mineral resource data nationally and across Europe.
Late October 2020, MINTELL4EU had a digital workshop where eight case studies on UNFC were presented and discussed.
The findings from the workshop indicated some possibilities and challenges:
- The presented case studies showed that geological surveys can do UNFC on Raw Materials
- We are still at a starting point at establishing a more harmonised system and stricter guidelines are required. The partners in MINTELL4EU have different levels of experience in UNFC and the approach and methods on UNFC varies between the countries.
- There is a need to compare the case studies and the surveys approach to identify obstacles, data gaps and harmonization issues.
- Data availability is an issue as non-accessible data can result in less precision, and this must be taken into account when aggregating data. In addition, not all geological surveys have the responsibility or data availability to be able to classify the E- and F-axis in UNFC.
- There is a need to work on the visualisation of UNFC.


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Consultants Review Magazine
CloudMounter: Mounting cloud storages and web servers to Mac as local disks
By Team CR
With CloudMounter, a user gets access to various cloud storages and web servers elegantly and easily. It keeps the user's online data solidly protected. It gets the user the most out of DropBox encryption, Amazon S3 encryption, cloud encryptionFTP encryption as well as Google Drive, OneDrive and WebDAV servers.
CloudMounter helps encrypt user personal data stored on cloud disks and remote servers.This protects the data from any kind of unwanted access. CloudMounter uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) when this feature is enabled by the user. It uses AES with a 256- bit key length in order to translate data into different forms so that the people who have access to the password can only read and manage it.
Encrypted data will be at the disposal if the user wants to restrict third-party users from gaining access of the private data, in case somehow they obtain access of one of the user's machines where the credentials of logging in were saved. The personal files would appear confusing and gibberish thus making them protection stronger.
A user's cloud and remote server files are absolutely protected with the CloudMounter encryption functionality. He can tune the data encryption and secure remote servers and cloud accounts so that they can only be accessed from the user's CloudMounter. The encryption works that way that if someone somehow obtains the access to the user's storages from a different device, they will only see confusing nonsense.
Not only the user's multiple DropBox, Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive accounts are easy to access and work with, But also a user doesn't even have to leave the oh so familiar Finder to work with online and remote files.
A user can indicate a password and verify it and CloudMounter highly recommends setting a password hint to be able to recover it in the future. A user must also tick the optional boxes if he would like to add the password to the keychain. To mask the encrypted files on the user's local machine, he will need to lock the encrypted directory by using the "Lock" context menu. He will be able to unravel these files later by using the "Unlock" option from the same context menu. When the encryption is no longer needed, the user would like to decipher the directory, he has to simply select the "Decrypt" option from the context menu, enter the password and confirm actions.
The primary window in this application is a connections manager where each and every service supported has been assigned to single buttons. In order to mount a drive that is required, the user can choose any corresponding service.
CloudMounter works perfectly well with the macOS Keychain and the entire user's personal data is securely kept there. A user can connect to as many accounts of each supported service as the user may need. The increases the user disk space tremendously. All the user needs is to free lots of room on the hard drive and an internet connection access to your clouds and remote servers.
Magazine Current Issue


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World Giving Index
The World Giving Index is a Charities Aid Foundation report into charitable giving worldwide. The index uses data from Gallup and looked at three different areas of charity. Gallup asked people which of the following three charitable acts they have undertaken in the past month:
- donated money to an organisation?
- volunteered time to an organisation?
- helped a stranger, or someone they didn't know who needed help?
In 2011 New Zealand and Australia came at the top with 57% score followed by Ireland and Canada second equal and the United States and Switzerland third. It should be noted that the index reports on individual charitable giving and not as a nation so government pledges of aid are not included in the index.


text:
Building a strong Target Account List is vital to Account Based Marketing success, but finding the right accounts means putting together a large database of accounts, trying to understand which accounts are a good fit, and analyzing readiness signals to understand which accounts to prioritize This can be a lot of work, but with RollWorks a strong Target Account List is only a couple of clicks away.
In this Product Snapshot video, you will learn about:
- The data sources you can use to create your TAL.
- Creating logic and rules using those data sources to define your lists.
- Creating dynamic and static Account Lists.
- Segmenting your account lists into groups to create custom audiences for campaigns.
- Creating journey stagebased groups for easy advertising and engagement.


text:
Definitions of done
The word done uses 4 letters:deno.
DONE is playable in:
p. p. - of Do 2
- p. p. from Do, and formerly the infinitive. 2
infinitive. - Performed; executed; finished. 2
infinitive. - It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used elliptically. 2
a. - Given; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act. 2
Direct anagrams of done
Words found within done through unscramble
No unscramble words found in Words With Friends word list.
Words formed by adding one letter


text:
- 1 comprehensive guide for experts – complete course about kiln chemistry
- 2 If You Want to Download the Complete Cement Kiln Chemistry and All Complete courses and Expert Books in Cement Industry, Kindly click here NOW
- 3 Introduction
- 4 Burnability
- 5 Variability
- 6 Preheating and Calcination
- 7 Sintering
- 8 Mineralisation
- 9 Alkali Cycles
- 10 Chloride Cycles
- 11 Sulphates
- 12 Combustion
- 13 If You Want to Download the Complete Cement Kiln Chemistry and All Complete courses and Expert Books in Cement Industry, Kindly click here NOW
- 14 If You Want to Download the Complete Cement Kiln Chemistry and All Complete courses and Expert Books in Cement Industry, Kindly click here NOW
comprehensive guide for experts – complete course about kiln chemistry
If You Want to Download the Complete Cement Kiln Chemistry and All Complete courses and Expert Books in Cement Industry, Kindly click here NOW
Cement kiln energy efficiency and productivity. Introduction
Welcome to the Cemnet, cement kiln chemistry course, where we will provide an exploration of all the chemistry related issues connected with the cement kiln process.
The course content is intended to be suitable for chemists, quality control personnel, process engineers and all technical staff employed by a cement manufacturing company and also the product development and technical sales staff of the suppliers of specialist products and services relating to all aspects of cement kiln operations.
The aim is to cover theory and first principles in depth, together with an emphasis on the relevance of the theory to the every-day issues and problems arising when operating a cement kiln.
The intention is for the course to be of practical use to the people operating cement factories on a day-to-day basis.
During the course we will try to provide answers to all the cement kiln process chemistry questions which have arisen during more than 30 years operation of cement kilns.
The course is divided into 3 modules:
Module 1 will focus on issues relating to the efficiency and productivity of cement kiln operation:
- Burnability and combinability of kiln feed and clinker.
- Combustion, calcination and combination.
- Fluxes, mineralisation and inhibition.
- Recirculation and cyclic processes.
These topics will be covered in 10 sessions (including this one) and will be published over the first 2 weeks of the course.
Module 2 will focus on issues relating to clinker product quality:
- Phase equilibria and relations.
- Clinker mineralogy.
- Crystal form and polymorph.
- Minor species and compounds.
These topics will again be covered in 10 sessions published over the middle two weeks of the course.
Module 3 will focus on issues relating to emissions to the environment and their mitigation:
- Acid gases, NOx and SOx.
- Heavy metals.
- Dioxins and furans.
- Plumes and hazes.
Module 3 will be published during the final 2 weeks of the 6 week course.
Each module will consider the issues presented by the latest trends in the cement manufacturing industry:
- Alternative fuels and raw materials.
- Blended cement production
- Tightening emissions regulation and emissions trading.
Efficient, modern cement kilns achieve thermal energy consumption of less than 3000 kJ/kg of clinker produced. Higher thermal energy consumption of a cement kiln almost inevitably leads to lower clinker productivity. With higher fuel consumption the volume of exhaust gases to be vented from the kiln rises. Thermal load on the refractories in the kiln increases. The quantity of fuel which must be delivered to the kiln, per unit of clinker production, rises. This link between thermal energy consumption and kiln productivity is the reason these topics are considered together in module 1 of the course.
These kilns are equipped with 5-stage preheaters, precalciners and direct aerated coolers.
Addition of a 6th preheater stage can reduce this thermal energy consumption to less than 2900 kJ/kg clinker, but this increases capital cost and the resistance to drawing the exhaust gases out of the kiln.
5 preheater stages is currently considered the optimum, unless special circumstances dictate more or less stages.
Wet raw materials may require more heat in the exhaust gases for
drying and therefore 4 or less preheater stages. Shortage of water
for exhaust gas conditioning in desert climates may dictate the inclusion of a 6th preheater stage.
Development of a mass and energy balance of these modern, efficient kilns, reveals that only 1735 kJ/kg clinker (415 kcal/kg) is consumed by the chemical reactions involved in the conversion of the kiln feed into clinker. The remainder of the thermal energy input to the kiln is lost from the system as latent heat in the clinker and dust, in the preheater and cooler exhaust gases, and as radiation and convection from the kiln shell.
Further research reveals that the energy consumed by the chemical reactions in the cement kiln can vary from 1630~1840 kJ/kg clinker (390~440
kcal/kg). Why is that? The reasons for this variation in the heat of conversion of cement raw mix to clinker, otherwise known as burnability, will be explored in the first sessions of this module.
The precalciners of these modern cement kilns operate at temperatures ranging from 855~915°C.
Why does the temperature stabilise? And why does the temperature vary from kiln to kiln and factory to factory?
Again the reasons for the performance of precalciners will be explored in the early sessions of the module.
The clinker combination temperature and burning zone of some cement kilns have to be much hotter than other kilns. Why is this? The litre weight of the clinker produced varies from time to time and kiln to kiln. The grindability of the clinker produced from the kilns also varies from time to time and kiln to kiln, along with the litre weight. Again the reasons are explored in the middle sessions of this module.
Some trace components of the feed and fuel to the kiln recirculate within the kiln concentrating in the hot meal exiting the preheater to the rotary kiln.
The mechanism of this alkali cycle is discussed, and the interactions between the gaseous, liquid and solid minerals in the hot meal.
Which intermediate compounds are formed during the conversion from kiln feed to clinker? And how do these impact on the efficiency and productivity of the kiln? … by dusting, ring and snowball formation?
How and why do snowmen form in coolers? And how to prevent their formation?
In module 1 the implications on the clinker quality and kiln emissions, of the chemical and physical changes taking place in the kiln will not be covered. These equally important considerations will be covered in modules 2 and 3 of the course. However, the linkages between kiln thermal energy efficiency, productivity, clinker quality and emissions will be highlighted.
The kiln operation needs to be optimised to minimise thermal energy consumption and emissions, while maximising clinker quality and kiln productivity. No easy task, and the reason to be following this course!
Cement Kiln Feed Burnability
In the introduction we saw that the energy consumed by the chemical reactions in the cement kiln can vary from 1630~1840 kJ/kg clinker (390~440 kcal/kg). Explanation of this variation in the "burnability" of the kiln feed is the subject of this session.
Must remember that this energy consumption is the aggregate energy consumption (and liberation) of a sequence of reactions. Evaporation of any residual water in the kiln feed, dehydration of clay minerals, CaCO3 calcination, clinker flux formation and final combination of CaO and C2S to form C3S.
The evaporation of any residual water, dehydration of clay minerals, CaCO3 calcination and clinker flux formation are all endothermic and consume large amounts of energy.
The final combination of the C3S significantly reduces the overall energy required for cement clinker formation.
The aggregate of these individual heats of reaction varies from 1630~1840 kJ/kg clinker.
Measuring the energy consumed or liberated by these individual reactions by calorimeter is difficult. A relative measure of the "burnability" of a kiln feed can be obtained in the laboratory by measuring the residual free CaO content after heating a compacted sample to 1400°C for 30 minutes.
Higher residual free CaO indicates a kiln feed with a lower "burnability", i.e. one that is more difficult to burn to complete combination of the lime with the acidic oxides SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. However, this does not provide a measure of the kJ/kg of energy which will be consumed in manufacturing clinker. Modelling the aggregate energy consumption based on the chemical and mineral composition of the kiln feed is a means to make this prediction.
The following formula for the assessment of the energy of clinker formation is based on the work of H. zur Strassen:
kJ/kg = 3200xCaO + 2710xMgO – 2140xSiO2 – 250xFe2O3 + Residual Energy
CaO and MgO increase the energy consumption of clinker manufacture, while SiO2 and Fe2O3 reduce the energy consumption (all based on the clinker oxide composition). I.e. increasing lime saturation increases thermal energy consumption. The


Fundamentally Strongest Crypto Projects in 2020
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In Brief
 - Here, BeInCrypto is taking a look at four projects with a strong fundamental basis and value added.
 - BeInCrypto has analyzed Elrond, MANTRA DAO, Stacks, and Enjin.
 - All of the coins we have analyzed have their own unique areas of interest, which set them out from the pack.
 - promo
 Free Cloud Mining Providers to Mine Bitcoin in 2021
There are numerous new promising cryptocurrency projects coming out every year. Some of them die quickly either because they offer nothing innovative to the cryptocurrency industry or a myriad of other reasons. However, some manage to thrive, lingering around long enough to grow through the ranks and eventually become staples of the industry.
Elrond (EGLD)
Elrond is a blockchain that sports a very impressive performance, allowing for speeds up to 10,000 transactions per second. It was first launched in July 2020.
Besides its spectacular speed, what makes Elrond stand out from the pack is its use of sharded stake architecture. As a result, while for the majority of other blockchain the use of complex hardware is essential, Elrond can smoothly run on an ordinary computer. The network also has its own token called EGLD.
Sharding is a scaling technique that is used with the goal of parallelizing transaction and data processing. Elrond has a unique approach called "adaptive state sharding," which allows each node to process only a small fraction of the transactions in the entire network, and do them simultaneously and parallelly, increasing the efficacy of transactions.
Furthermore, the performance of Elrond scales up relative to the quantity of computers that are present in the network.
There are three main types of sharding that are emphasized by Elrond:
 - Network which groups nodes into shards in order to enhance communication between them. Afterwards, communication inside these shards occurs much faster than that in the entire network.
 - Transaction which administers how transactions are depicted to the shards and processed.
 - State. Each shard handles only a portion of the state. Transactions in accounts which are handled by different shards occur once communication between the shards is done. This reduces the susceptibility to malicious attacks, therefore greatly enhancing security.
Elrond is the initial network to bring forward a feasible solution which successfully implements all these sharding aspects simultaneously.
In addition to this, Elrond also employs a secure proof-of-stake (PoS) mechanism, mitigating risks resulting from potential attacks which seek to gain unauthorized access to the network. This is achieved through an improvement to the method which selects validator nodes, which in this case is based on the amount of EGLD held.
This model incentivizes users by allowing holders to earn income by either staking or acting as a validator. The most favorable reward is achieved when becoming a Validator Node, providing nearly 36 per cent yearly return.
However, this requires active participation in the network through an online machine. On the other hand, staking provides a 29 per cent yearly return, without active participation.
Finally, the Elrond Virtual Machine allows for the use of more programming languages in order to develop smart contracts, including Rust, C/C++, Typescript, among others.
Therefore, Elrond is capable of providing a more than satisfactory performance with relatively average computers through its novel handling of the sharding and consensus issues, generating low costs per transaction.
MANTRA DAO is a decentralized finance (DeFi) project which is governed by its community. The main thing that sets MANTRA DAO out from other projects is its attempts at including its own users in maintaining the platform and creating activity inside it.
It attempts to do this through incentives, done by focusing on lending, governance and staking. MANTRA DAO employs its own token, OM.
 - Staking. MANTRA DAO website allows users to stake their OM holdings and gain a return of 28.93 per cent annually.
 - Lending. MANTRA DAO uses both proprietary lending protocols and open sourced ones, with the goal of allowing users to receive interest for their crypto assets. This is done by offering loans to other users.
 - Governance. Users have governance and voting rights, giving them a portion of the ownership of the MANTRA DAO ecosystem. Therefore, each time an important decision is made — regarding anything from interest rate adjustment or grant allocations — OM holders have a say in that decision.
Furthermore, MANTRA DAO employs the KARMA mechanism, which rewards users when they contribute positively to the MANTRA DAO ecosystem. This effectively incentivizes them to use the platform. KARMA includes ten tiers, each providing new perks such as higher rewards for staking or reduced fees for transactions.
In order to support its financial products, MANTRA DAO employs Rio Chain, a blockchain which is scalable and highly secure. Rio Chain has embraced a federated model with the aim of ensuring security, speed, and scalability.
Besides being an interoperable system, which means that it allows different blockchains smooth interaction with each other, Rio Chain is able to process 3,000 transactions per second.
Another interesting feature is the burning of OM tokens, which is done each time they are used in order to either complete transactions or pay fees on lending activities. This process is expected to continue until 50 per cent of the total supply of OM is burned.
Stacks (STX)
Stacks — previously known as BlockStack — allows developers to build smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). In order to power smart contracts, Stacks uses "Clarity," a programming language which further amplifies security.
Therefore, developers can be sure that their data remains private when they create an application. Stacks uses its native token STX in order to complete activities in its blockchain. 1.3 billion of these tokens were minted in the genesis block.
There are four main layers to the Stacks network, them being:
 - Application layer which allows for the creation of new applications.
 - Protocol layer which facilitates in the processes of storage, financial services and authentication.
 - Stacks blockchain which serves to hold the entire ecosystem together.
 - Bitcoin (BTC) blockchain is used in order to create new coins.
Stacks is dependent on bitcoin, since it reuses its computing power as part of a new mechanism called proof-of-transfer (PoX). This is probably the most interesting aspect of Stacks.
PoX serves to determine the requirements of miners in order to create new blocks on the blockchain. Proof-of-work (PoW) was the earliest such method, requiring miners to solve complex mathematical problems.
Afterwards came by PoS, which required users to stake their holdings in order to power the ecosystem. Finally, proof-of-burn (PoB) destroys coins in order to gain block rewards, usually working hand in hand with PoW.
Proof-of-transfer was introduced in 2020, and aims to be a long-term sustainable solution that rises above the shortcoming of the previous three methods.
There are two types of participants in proof-of-transfer:
 - Validating Nodes. The ones who transfer BTC to the Stacks network and then earn STX as a reward for their mining contribution.
 - Stackers. The STX token holders, who are recipients of BTC from validating nodes.
Since Stacks uses the consensus from the existing BTC blockchain, mining is more energy efficient. While similar, PoX is more efficient than proof-of-burn, since instead of burning coins they are transferred to the "stackers." In a nutshell, PoX results in the creation of a new STX coin through a BTC transfer.
Furthermore, since Stacks uses the BTC platform, each action taken in the Stacks platform can be verified in the BTC one. This is especially useful with ever increasing instances of security breaches on different platforms. Therefore, leveraging the security of bitcoin greatly reduces this risk.
Stacks 2.0, a layer-1 blockchain is expected to launch on Jan. 14, 2021.
Enjin (ENJ)
Enjin is a blockchain platform that is focused primarily on the gaming industry, more specifically on the creation of digital assets that are owned by the user. Users have ownership of their in-game items, which means that they can trade them and gain value in return.
Furthermore, an item is not used exclusively in one game, rather it can be carried throughout different games as if they were part of the same world. This is possible since assets are stored in a blockchain which is decentralized, thus all developers have access to it.
Enjin uses its native token called Enjin Coin (ENJ). The value of ENJ comes from its lock-up mechanisms. As more and more items are created, ENJ is locked up (stored), while when items are destroyed (through burning), ENJ is released. Therefore, as the ENJ platform is used by more people, hence creation of items increases, the ENJ supply actually decreases.
Blockchain technology for Enjin is used for four main benefits:
 - Item ownership.
 - Convenient exchange. Provides the opportunity to instantly trade items.
 - Reserve value. Items that are unwanted can be burned for ENJ.
 - Use of a single wallet. The Enjin wallet can store all digital assets in one location.
The Enjin ecosystem allows for the creation, trading and storage of these items. It does so by the use of:
 - Enjin wallet that safely stores items and cryptocurrencies.
 - EnjinX, an explorer that is used to observe items and transactions.
 - Unity Plugin, a plugin which permits developers to implement and release games on multiple platforms.
 - Marketplace, a secure space in which items are traded.
Enjin has partnerships with multiple well-known technology companies, including Samsung and Microsoft. Finally,


text:
Acoustic analysis of speech signals is a noninvasive technique that has been proved to be an effective tool for the objective support of vocal and voice disease screening. In the present study acoustic analysis of sustained vowels is considered. A simplek-means nearest neighbor classifier is designed to test the efficacy of a harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) measure and the critical-band energy spectrum of the voiced speech signal as tools for the detection of laryngeal pathologies. It groups the given voice signal sample into pathologic and normal. The voiced speech signal is decomposed into harmonic and noise components using an iterative signal extrapolation algorithm. The HNRs at four different frequency bands are estimated and used as features. Voiced speech is also filtered with 21 critical-bandpass filters that mimic the human auditory neurons. Normalized energies of these filter outputs are used as another set of features. The results obtained have shown that the HNR and the critical-band energy spectrum can be used to correlate laryngeal pathology and voice alteration, using previously classified voice samples. This method could be an additional acoustic indicator that supplements the clinical diagnostic features for voice evaluation.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Signal Processing
- Hardware and Architecture
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
Dear lovely, kind, righteous, gentle, brilliant, empathetic, sincere, truly helpful, prosperous readers,
Is there a way of finding out what the column number and or ruler position of a character is in a document?
In word each character has a column number attached to it which specifies its x-position (horizontal position) on a line.
Suppose I am writing a sentence to a word document. As I am writing it to the word document can I tell if I have reached the end of the line and now the text is being wrapped onto the second line?
Is there a way to tell what line number a particular character/word is in?


Given a nonempty array of positive integers, "increment" it once as follows:
 - If all the array elements are equal, append a 1 to the end of the array. For example:
 [1] -> [1, 1]
 [2] -> [2, 1]
 [1, 1] -> [1, 1, 1]
 [3, 3, 3, 3, 3] -> [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1]
 - Else, increment the first element in the array that is the array's minimum value. For example:
 [1, 2] -> [2, 2]
 [2, 1] -> [2, 2]
 [3, 1, 1] -> [3, 2, 1] -> [3, 2, 2] -> [3, 3, 2] -> [3, 3, 3]
 [3, 4, 9, 3] -> [4, 4, 9, 3] -> [4, 4, 9, 4] -> [5, 4, 9, 4] -> [5, 5, 9, 4] ->...
(Each -> represents one increment, which is all your program needs to do.)
Output the resulting incremented array.
The shortest code in bytes wins.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Does 0 count as positive integer \$\endgroup\$ – Downgoat Nov 28 '16 at 23:14
 - 23
 \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ 0 is not ever positive on PPCG. If 0 was allowed, the term would be "non-negative" \$\endgroup\$ – ETHproductions Nov 28 '16 at 23:23
47 Answers 47
Jelly, 8 7 bytes
Try it online! or verify all test cases.
How it works
';ṀỤḢṬ+ Main link. Argument: A
' Increment all elements of A.
 Ṁ Yield the maximum of A.
 ; Concatenate both results. Note that the appended maximum will be the
 minimum of the resulting array if and only if all elements of A are equal.
 Ụ Grade up; yield the indices of the resulting array, sorted by their
 corresponding values in that array.
 Ḣ Head; extract the first index, which is the index of the first occurrence
 of the minimum. For an array of equal elements, this will be the index
 of the appended maximum.
 Ṭ Untruth; for index i, yield an array of i-1 zeroes, followed by a 1.
 + Add this array to A, incrementing the minimum or appending a 1.
Python 3, 62 53 51 50 bytes
Function which modifies the list passed to it (allowed by meta).
def F(a):a+=1//len({*a})*[0];a[a.index(min(a))]+=1
Try on repl.it!
-9 bytes thanks to Lynn for spotting that, because the array will be of positive integers, I can append '0' to the end of the array and have that incremented.
Special thanks to mbomb007 for golfing len(set(a)) to len({*a}), and Dennis for the floordiv trick!
 - \$\begingroup\$ Hmm. "Output the resulting incremented array". Does this qualify? \$\endgroup\$ – Yytsi Nov 28 '16 at 20:02
 - \$\begingroup\$ I can't quite remember where, but I remember seeing a meta post that modifying a given list in place is allowed by default. I'll have a look for it _USER_ \$\endgroup\$ – FlipTack Nov 28 '16 at 20:04
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ I'm not entirely sure. It seems ok but I'll defer to the meta concensus about modifying arrays in place, if there is one. \$\endgroup\$ – Calvin's Hobbies Nov 28 '16 at 20:04
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ In Python 3, you can use len({*L})<2 to find if all elements of a list are equal. \$\endgroup\$ – mbomb007 Nov 28 '16 at 21:20
 - 2
 \$\begingroup\$ a+=1//len({*a})*[0] should save a byte. \$\endgroup\$ – Dennis Nov 29 '16 at 0:17
JavaScript (ES6), 61 bytes
a=>new Set(a).size>1?++a[a.indexOf(Math.min(...a))]:a.push(1)
Outputs by modifying its argument. I can't find a way to determine whether an array has only one unique item in less that 17 bytes, but suggestions are welcome.
Test snippet
g=a=>0 in a?console.log("Input:",'[${a}]',"Output:",'[${f(a),a}]'):console.log("Invalid input")
Run
Other attempts
Here are a few alternate ways of deciding whether the array has more than one unique input:
Both of the somes can be replaced with find as well..sort would be shorter for finding the minimum, if the default sort wasn't lexicographical (why, JS, why?):
a=>new Set(a).size>1?++a[a.indexOf(a.sort()[0])]:a.push(1)
// Instead we have to do:
a=>new Set(a).size>1?++a[a.indexOf(a.sort((x,y)=>x-y)[0])]:a.push(1)
I tried recursion to find the minimum, but it turned out way longer:
And here's a string-based solution which seemed like a good idea at first: (input is given in array format in a string, e.g. "[1,2,3]")
 - \$\begingroup\$ Is using a.find(n=>n==Math.min(...a)) shorter? \$\endgroup\$ – Downgoat Nov 28 '16 at 23:13
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ I'm not sure how I'd use that, as it returns the item rather than the index \$\endgroup\$ – ETHproductions Nov 28 '16 at 23:15
 - \$\begingroup\$ yeah >_> whoops, I missed your ++ and didn't realize you needed a reference \$\endgroup\$ – Downgoat Nov 28 '16 at 23:16
Mathematica, 70 57 55 bytes
Virtually all of the improvement is due to Martin Ender, who kicks my ass at pattern matching approaches! Also JHM came up with essentially the same solution at essentially the same time. (byte count uses ASCII encoding)
±{p:x_..}:={p,1};±{x___,y_,z___}/;y≤x~Min~z:={x,y+1,z}
Defines a function ± taking one list argument. If that list argument contains some number of copies of the same element (detected by x_.. and named p), then output the list with a 1 appended. Otherwise, if that list argument has a special element y (with x being the zero or more elements before y, and z being the zero or more elements after y) which is at most the minimum of the other elements, then output the list with that y incremented. Any instance of the minimum element of the list will be matched by y, but fortunately Mathematica chooses the first one to act upon.
 - \$\begingroup\$ Because ± is a 2-byte character, your code is 59 bytes long. Also, there must be a space between x_ and.. because Mathematica interprets x_.. as x_.. (which throws errors). Plus, the infix form of Min (x~Min~z) would make this 2 bytes shorter (which makes this solution identical to one of mine :p...) Welp you can take the credit because my edit was later than yours.... \$\endgroup\$ – JungHwan Min Nov 29 '16 at 1:08
 - \$\begingroup\$ Nah, Martin Ender gets most of my credit anyway. Why is ± two bytes? \$\endgroup\$ – Greg Martin Nov 29 '16 at 3:31
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ ± in UTF-8 (Mathematica uses UTF-8 by default; try $CharacterEncoding) is a two-byte character (U+00B1). \$\endgroup\$ – JungHwan Min Nov 29 '16 at 4:12
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ UTF-8 is not the default character encoding on Windows. Mathematica can read source files in a single-byte code page that includes ±. \$\endgroup\$ – Martin Ender Nov 29 '16 at 5:49
 - 2


text:
Analytical solution to calculate the small-signal single-pass gain of a fiber amplifier.
Includes standard parameters for erbiumor ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers.
Use it to produce either of two types of plots:
1. Plot the gain versus pump power for various fiber lengths (at a single wavelength)
2. Plot the gain versus wavelength for various pump powers (at one or several fiber lengths)
Can also be used to calculate single-pass gain of lasers and thus predict the pump power necessary for lasing. (i.e. when the gain G_th is greater than the cavity losses L and output T: G_th = 1/((1-T)*(1-L)).
You can call the function from the command line/function/script; if you do this, the inputs are all optional but presumably you'll want to do at least some of them.
You can also use good ol' F5 to just run it with the defaults, editing them in the first few lines of the code.
% Example calls from command line:
% optional parameters
>>> plotFlag = 1; % optional, boolean if you want output plot or just the output values returned to the calling function
>>> loss = 2; % optional: excess loss in dB
% mode 1: plotting the gain vs. pump power for several lengths
>>> Pp = 50:5:100; % pump powers in mW
>>> L = [0.5 1 2 5]; % fiber length in m
>>> wl = 1550; % wavelength in nm
>>> G = EDFASinglePassGain_Analytical(wl,L,Pp,loss,plotFlag) % again, all inputs are basically optional, use the ones you need to change
% mode 2: plotting the gain vs. wavelength for several lengths, several pump powers
>>> Pp = 50:10:100; % in mW, use between 1 and 10 power values for helpful graphs
>>> L = [0.5 1 2 5]; % in m, use between 1 and 4 length values for helpful graphs
>>> wl = 1550; % signal wavelength in nm
>>> G = EDFASinglePassGain_Analytical(wl,L,Pp,loss,plotFlag)
Some CAVEATS are in order.
1. This solution does NOT incorporate ASE or strong-signal saturation effects. Therefore if you are interested in high-gain (>20 dB) or high-power (>100 uW input) amplifiers, you are probably not going to get good answers. Try my numerical simulator package "Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers Toolbox" instead.
2. If you care about quantitative results, particularly in matching experiments, you REALLY NEED to know your fiber parameters (core diameter, overlap, doping concentration). Otherwise the results will have no chance of matching reality.


Motifs in traditional African print designs often convey a metaphor and tell a story
Speed Bird
ALSO KNOWN AS Air Afrique | 'Rich today, poor tomorrow'.
With the bird being such an important symbol in many cultures, this fabric has gained a variety of meanings, often referring to change, prosperity, freedom and transition. In Ghana the pattern refers to the transience of riches: rich today, poor tomorrow, for money has wings and can fly away. But the pattern also symbolises asking for a favour, such as the hand of a young woman. In Togo the pattern is called ""Air Afrique"" because the fabric was also used in the uniform of the local airline company.In the Ebo region it is called Eneke, and it is said that if the hunters learn to shoot without missing, they have learned to fly without perching.
Theme: MONEY
ALSO KNOWN AS Le Cheque et le Choque
Theme: LOVE
ALSO KNOWN AS Change your life | Senchi Bridge | Aganmakpo | La Danse à la Mode
This pattern has many meanings. The names "Cha Cha Cha" and 'Change your Life' are derived from the rhythm of the pattern. 'Senchi Bridge' refers to a bridge over the Volta River in Ghana, a suspension bridge that sways violently when crossed. In Togo the pattern is called "Aganmakpo", which means the back of a chameleon, an animal that symbolises change. And in Ivory Coast this pattern was called "La Danse à la Mode" after the war in that country.
Theme: LIFE
ALSO KNOWN AS Tomato, Necklace
The name "Aklepan" refers to an instrument used in the "Oracle Fa-", a voodoo ritual. Perhaps it is the instrumental nature of this pattern that inspired the traders to name the fabric thereafter.
Theme: VODOO
ALSO KNOWN AS Wounded Heart | Cœur Blessé | Dynamite
In Togo this pattern has acquired a special meaning. The drawing depicts the state of mind of a woman who knows her husband is cheating on her and is leaving her with a "Cœur Blessé", a broken heart.
Theme: LOVE
ALSO KNOWN AS Guerre de Shaba
This popular fabric in DRCongo is called 'Village Molokai', as connecting the village of Molokai in DRCongo to the village depicted on the design. The pattern is also called "Guerre de Shaba", 'The War of Shaba', on account of the struggle for independence that broke out in Shaba, a province in the southern part of DRCongo, now known as Katanga.
Theme: WAR
The Hibiscus pattern is especially popular in Guinea and Ivory Coast. Twelve yards are regarded as essential to a bride's dowry: 'No Hibiscus, no Wedding.' The pattern is known by several other names, including "Topizo" in Togo and "Tohozin" in Benin (both meaning 'rush'), alluding to the day it first went on sale, when it was met by a rush of customers. In 1970, it was adopted by Air Zaire's flight attendants as their uniform.
ALSO KNOWN AS I run faster than my Rival
The names of many patterns identify with a woman's family and marital relationships. In Côte d'Ivoire, the classic Jumping Horse, also known as "Je Cours Plus Vite Que Ma Rivale" (I Run Faster than My Rival), expresses the rivalry between co-wives. In Nigeria, Igbo women favor this design for Aso-Ebi (uniform cloth) to express unity at their annual women's meeting, held every August.
What is Ankara?
The name Ankara is believed to have its origin from a girl called, well, Ankara. Many stories abound. Ankara, commonly known as "African prints" or "African wax prints", is a 100% cotton fabric with vibrant patterns that possesses great strength with its tight weaving. African wax print fabric is a defining metaphor of African design, fashion and expression; an immediately recognisable icon throughout the world. Quite simply, it just says, "Africa". Ankara was formerly known as "Dutch wax print". It was originally manufactured by the Dutch for the Indonesian textile market. But, by luck or by design, these prints garnered significantly more interest in West African countries such as Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal, than in Indonesia. Recognizing this opportunity, the Dutch decided to focus on West Africa. As African countries gained independence in the 20th century, they built their own textile mills and started creating designs reflecting traditional African culture.The prints have since then evolved to truly reflect African culture and lifestyle. At first, Ankara was reserved for special occasions. People felt that the fabric was too flowery and too colourful for everyday wear. There was even a time when Ankara textiles were thought of as the fabric of the poor. But today, it has undergone a transformation to become the fabric of choice for many. To the knowing eye, the design on a textile reveals a story, often meaningful to the wearer. The colours may also provide information about the wearer's tribal origin, social standing, age and marital status. Dress plays an important role in African society, and has even been used as a form of protest. Designs and the way they were worn often made quiet but effective commentary on the colonial establishment. Colours in African prints have an intimate association with tribes and regions. Sepia-ochre is generally accepted across Africa as the colour used to represent earth. Yellow is the colour of initiation in Nigeria, while the combination of yellow/red belongs to the Igbo tribe of southeastern Nigeria. African print designs fall into fours main categories: – Women's lives (family, love, housework) – Society and what it brings, good or bad (alphabet, television, money, power) – Nature (animals, flowers) – Rhythm (music, drums)
*All the info related to the fabrics are courtesy of VLISCO


Mary McGregor Pomeroy
Fictional Character
Southern Victory
POD: September 10, 1862
Appearance(s): American Front
Drive to the East
Type of Appearance: Direct (POV from The Center Cannot Hold onward)
Nationality: Canada
Date of Birth: c. 1907
Date of Death: 1942
Cause of Death: Execution by firing squad
Occupation: Housewife, Terrorist
Parents: Arthur and Maude McGregor
Spouse: Mort Pomeroy
Children: Alec Pomeroy
Relatives: Alexander McGregor (brother), Julia McGregor (sister)
Mary McGregor Pomeroy (1907?[1]-1942) was a Canadian nationalist and terrorist operating out of the town of Rosenfeld, Manitoba. She was the daughter of Arthur McGregor, himself an insurgent. For several years leading up the Second Great War, Pomeroy was an effective thorn in the side of the Americans occupying her country.
Mary's strong anti-American sentiment was already present when the U.S. invaded Manitoba early in the Great War. After the execution of her brother, Alexander, Mary, although a child, was increasingly outspoken about her hatred for the US. Her father turned to terrorism in the aftermath of his son's death. He was killed with his own bomb by American General George Armstrong Custer, the target of McGregor's assassination attempt.
Mary lionised both her father and brother for their efforts. Shortly after her father's death, Mary discovered Arthur's bomb-making tools, and began taking her own steps into terrorism. She bombed the Rosenfeld general store in town, which was owned by an American. She derailed an American train near Coulee, the next town to the west of Rosenfeld. She successfully framed Wilf Rokeby, whom had grown suspicious of her.
Mary's greatest act of terrorism came when she sent a mail bomb to Jonathan Moss and succeeded in killing Moss's wife, Laura and their newborn daughter, Dorothy.
Pomeroy was finally captured in 1942, partly due to information gleaned from the falsely imprisoned Rokeby. Refusing a plea bargain which would have given her life imprisonment, she was executed, becoming a "martyr" for the Canadian rebel cause. She was survived by her husband Mort and their son Alec, both of whom became involved in the Canadian insurgency after her execution.


How social robots can combat loneliness | Furhat Robotics
Loneliness and social isolation among the general population is swiftly becoming a pandemic of its own during this period of huge uncertainty. During a time when human contact is limited, healthcare practitioners are looking for new and innovative methods of engaging those struggling during these times. In this blog, we're looking at how social robots can be a solution that will combat loneliness, and provide value beyond the post-COVID era.
The loneliness pandemic
Can social robots combat loneliness?
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(i.e. Dermatologists)
What is an arcuate uterus?
I have been told by my obgyn that I have an arcuate uterus, but I couldn't really understand from her description what this is. How is an arcuate uterus shaped differently from a normal uterus, and what causes that shape? Is it true that this puts me at a higher risk of miscarriage?
Any diagnosis you get that may effect your fertility is always a cause for distress, especially when you don't have all the information. The best type of doctor to see for this type of problem is an OBYGN, and within the obstetrics field, a fertility specialist may be helpful. An arcuate uterus is a variation on the normal uterine shape where the uterine fundus is concave towards the inside of the uterus. The normal shape is convex outward. It is a fairly common uterine anomaly. Right now, there is no well laid out agreements on how having an arcuate uterus will effect your fertility or risk for miscarriage. Likely, the risk of having trouble getting pregnant or keeping a pregnancy has to do with the severity of the anomaly. This is why it is important to discuss your particular situation with your doctor, and ignore what your told by others and what you read on line. I suggest that you schedule an appointment with your OBGYN when you start thinking about getting pregnant. He or she can go through the most recent data on your risk of miscarriage as it pertains to your particular situation when you try to conceive. Good luck.
Nearby OB-GYNs
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Make your own cave wall handprints with this easy art project you can do with your kids. You can buy powder paint at most craft stores and is called tempera.
What you need:
- Piece of black or brown paper
- White powder paint (tempera)
Dampen the paper with a squirt bottle or damp cloth.
Place your child's hand down firmly on the damp paper.
Flick the white powder paint over the hand and the paper.
Carefully lift your child's hand from the paper and look at the impression left behind.


Readers ask: Learning How To Make Desserts Online?
How can I learn to bake online for free?
Top 10+ Free Best Online Baking Courses, Certifications & Classes 2021
 1. Skillshare: The Art of Baking: A Beginner's Guide (Skillshare)
 2. Skillshare: Know Yo Dough: Baking Tools, Tips, and Techniques (Skillshare)
 3. Udemy: #1 Sourdough Bread Baking 101 (Udemy)
 4. Udemy: How to Bake: Baking Basics – 6 Classic Bakes (Udemy)
What is the best online cooking school?
 - 1 Home Ec 365. wholefoods.
 - 2 Rachael Ray's Yum-o! Cooking Camp.
 - 3 Udemy. udemy.
 - 4 Rouxbe Online Culinary School. rouxbeplants.
 - delish. 2.5m followers.
 - 7 The Chef & The Dish. thechefandthedish.
 - 8 America's Test Kitchen Online Cooking School.
 - 9 ChefSteps.
What is the most famous dessert in the world?
What should a beginner bake?
17 Baking Recipes for Total Beginners
 - Miracle No-Knead Bread.
 - Chocolate Dump Cake.
 - Quick & Easy Banana Muffins.
 - The Most Perfect (and Easiest) Sugar Cookie Recipe Ever.
 - 4-Ingredient Easy Vegan Brownies.
 - Pumpkin Pie with Cinnamon Roll Crust.
 - Foolproof Cheesecake.
 - The Best Homemade Biscuits.
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How do I start baking?
 1. Stick to the Recipes.
 2. Set up ingredients before you start.
 3. Investing in the right equipment.
 4. Room temperature is important.
 5. Invest in a measuring equipment.
 6. Parchment paper all the way!
 7. Use an ice cream scooper for cookies.
 8. Always sift dry ingredients.
Is baking a good career?
Baking is one of the fastest growing production professions. Whereas the number of jobs in production according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics is expected to grow by only 1% between 2012 and 2022, baking jobs will grow by 6% over the same period, adding approximately 9,400 jobs.
How can I learn my baking skills?
Here are 10 tips to help you improve your baking skills.
 1. 01 of 10. Follow the Recipe.
 2. 02 of 10. Measure Your Ingredients Properly.
 3. 03 of 10. Use Fresh Ingredients.
 4. 04 of 10. Understand How Over-Mixing Can Effect Gluten.
 5. Avoid Gratuitous Changes. Meal Makeover Moms / Flickr CC 2.0.
 6. 06 of 10. Calibrate Your Oven.
 7. 07 of 10.
 8. 08 of 10.
How long does it take to learn baking?
Traditional baking and pastry would take between 17 months to 24 months for a diploma course in baking and pastry. However, accelerated programs now allow students to get out the school quickly and dash into the workforce in 40 weeks.
Can I learn cooking online?
On Udemy, you can find cooking classes from countless worldwide cuisines! You can also learn skills like cake making, cookie baking, and bartending through Udemy courses. No matter what you are interested in, Udemy has a course for you!
You might be interested: Quick Answer: How To Write An Ihip For Nys Using Time 4 Learning Online?
How do I start an online cooking class?
How to host a virtual cooking class
 2. Pick the channel, day, and time.
 3. Create a run of show.
 4. Promote the class —and your recipe(s)
 5. Set up a practice run.
 6. Premeasure and prepare.
 7. Go live!
Where can I learn cooking online?
Best Free Online Cooking Classes
 1. The Kitchn's Cooking School. Best for Learning Basics.
 2. Food Techniques. Best for Mastering Cooking Skills.
 3. Cooking with The New York Times. Best for Practical Recipes.
 4. Dinner Tonight. Best for Student Chefs.
 5. Kitchen Chemistry.
 6. Delia Online Cookery School.
 7. Better Homes and Gardens How to Cook.
What is the sweetest food on earth?
The sweetest compound in the world is a protein known as Thaumatin.
 - What Is Thaumatin? Thaumatin is a protein which is known for its flavor-modifying and sweetening characteristics.
 - The Source Of Thaumatin. Thaumatococcus daniellii is the natural source of Thaumatin.
 - Crystallization Of Thaumatin.
Which country is famous for desserts?
The Best Dessert In 22 Countries Around The World
 - France: Crème Brûlée. Courtesy of Insider.
 - America: Apple Pie. Flickr/Sarah Shuda.
 - Turkey: Baklava. Courtesy of Insider.
 - Italy: Gelato. Courtesy of Insider.
 - Peru: Picarones. Courtesy of Insider.
 - Russia: Syrniki.
 - Spain: Tarta de Santiago.
 - Japan: Mochi.
Which country eats the most desserts?
And even after the trick-or-treat season, America's sweet tooth remains huge. The U.S. ranks no. 1 in the world in terms of the annual retail volume of consumed sugar, chocolate and gum.
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Countries Candy Consumption Per Capita in 2016 (pounds)
1. Germany 28.7
2. Ireland 26.2
3. Switzerland 25.4
4. Austria 24.7
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Conditions in Oxygen: how show/hide content based on UTM tags?
Starting from version 2.4, Oxygen has a powerful and useful "Conditions" functionality. More details can be found in the official documentation. Using the conditionals feature, we can now hide or show certain site content depending on the fulfilment of conditions. This can be useful, for example, to create hidden content only for subscribers of the site, or to create paid closed sections. In addition to the 26 built-in conditions, we can now create unique conditions using the API.
Cases of using conditions may be different and are limited only by your need and imagination. In this tutorial, I want to share with you my experiment on hiding content based on UTM tags. See an example of how this works.
I'm still testing it, but it seems to be working well. And so, I tell you how to do it step by step.
Step 1
Install the Code Snippets plugin, if you haven't installed it yet. We will need to add a small amount of PHP code to register our conditions.
Step 2
Create a new snippet Snippets > Add new (for example, I called it "Testing UTM-tags", but you can give it any name you need). In the snippet field, paste the following code and save the changes:
if( function_exists('oxygen_vsb_register_condition') ) {
 oxygen_vsb_register_condition('UTM source', array('options' => array(), 'custom' => true), array('=='), 'utm_source_callback', 'UTM');
 function utm_source_callback($value, $operator) {
 if (isset($_GET['utm_source'])){
 $utm_source = $_GET['utm_source'];
 setcookie("utm_source", $utm_source, $expire);
 return oxy_condition_eval_int($utm_source, $value, $operator);
 oxygen_vsb_register_condition('UTM medium', array('options' => array(), 'custom' => true), array('=='), 'utm_medium_callback', 'UTM');
 function utm_medium_callback($value, $operator) {
 if (isset($_GET['utm_medium'])){
 $utm_medium = $_GET['utm_medium'];
 setcookie("utm_medium", $utm_medium, $expire);
 return oxy_condition_eval_string ($utm_medium, $value, $operator);
 oxygen_vsb_register_condition('UTM campaign', array('options' => array(), 'custom' => true), array('=='), 'utm_campaign_callback', 'UTM');
 function utm_campaign_callback($value, $operator) {
 if (isset($_GET['utm_campaign'])){
 $utm_campaign = $_GET['utm_campaign'];
 setcookie("utm_campaign", $utm_campaign, $expire);
 return oxy_condition_eval_string ($utm_campaign, $value, $operator);
 oxygen_vsb_register_condition('UTM content', array('options' => array(), 'custom' => true), array('=='), 'utm_content_callback', 'UTM');
 function utm_content_callback($value, $operator) {
 if (isset($_GET['utm_content'])){
 $utm_content = $_GET['utm_content'];
 setcookie("utm_content", $utm_content, $expire);
 return oxy_condition_eval_string ($utm_content, $value, $operator);
 oxygen_vsb_register_condition('UTM term', array('options' => array(), 'custom' => true), array('=='), 'utm_term_callback', 'UTM');
 function utm_term_callback($value, $operator) {
 if (isset($_GET['utm_term'])){
 $utm_term = $_GET['utm_term'];
 setcookie("utm_term", $utm_term, $expire);
 return oxy_condition_eval_string ($utm_term, $value, $operator);
In this example, I set the cookie lifetime to 5 days. This means that if a user comes to the site via a link with a UTM tag, then each time he visits the page, conditions will work until 5 days have passed, or until he clears the cookie in his browser.
If you need to set cookies for a longer or shorter period, then on each line $expire=time()+60*60*24*5; replace 5 on the value that you need (in days). To save cookies for a specific condition or not, we will configure further in the next step.
Step 3
After registering conditions at the second step, in the list of conditions in the Oxygen editor, we should have new conditions: UTM source, UTM medium, UTM campaign, UTM content and UTM term. Next, we need to adjust the conditions for hiding / showing a block with content depending on our conditions.
Suppose that we need to track the source (utm_source tag) from Google ads. Our link with the UTM can look like this:{network}&utm_content={creative}&utm_term={keyword}
Now we need to create a condition, if the source is Google, then show on the page a special block that is initially hidden.
Variant 1: without tracking cookies
In this case, the block will be shown every time, but only if the link has an UTM tags. If the user enters this same page without any tags, the block will not be shown.
Create a condition for our block by selecting from the list - UTM source and writing a word equal to the value of the tag - google.
Oxygen Conditions: how show/hide content based on UTM tags?
Save the result and check.
Thus, we can track the value of any of the UTM tags (not just utm_source).
Variant 2: with cookie tracking
In this case, the block will be shown when you first visit the link with UТM. If you refresh the page, or visit the page without the UTM tags, the block will still be shown to the user over the entire lifetime of the cookie (in our example, this is 5 days, or until the user clears the cookie itself).
To do this, we will definitely need to change the condition type to OR and add an additional standard Cookie List condition in which we need to specify the value corresponding to the value of our UTM tag:
Set type Oxygen Conditions
set cookie conditions in Oxygen
Now the block will be displayed only if the url contains the word google OR cookies contains the word google.
That's all. I hope this article has been helpful to you.
Hey. This block is shown because you clicked a link with a UTM tag. Follow the link without UTM tags and you will not see this block. For convenience of testing in this example, cookies are not recorded.
Follow the link with the UTM tag and another block will be shown in this place:
go to the link
In this article, I showed only the simplest example of how much my fantasy was enough. If you have another task, have questions or requests, write your comment below.


text:
This publication is not available online. Please contact a FORT author (see sidebar to right) or Ask a Librarian for availability of reprints.
Product Type: Journal Article
Author(s): Wunder, M.B., F.L. Knopf, and C.A. Pague
Wunder, M.B., F.L. Knopf, and C.A. Pague. 2003. The high-elevation population of Mountain Plovers in Colorado. The Condor 105(4): 654-662.
We surveyed a discrete population of Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) in South Park, Park County, Colorado, to determine the size and relative contribution of this geographically isolated area to the global population of plovers. First, we mapped potential plover habitat within South Park based on landform and vegetation descriptors. Second, we identified occupied habitat using observations from a systematic inventory of potential habitat from 1995–1999 and from a study of breeding biology from 2000–2002. Third, we estimated breeding densities within a framework designed specifically for distance sampling. We mapped 82 750 ha of potential habitat. We recorded 2516 plover locations from which we estimated 29 176 ha of occupied habitat. We estimated densities for 14 960 ha of potential habitat. Average plover density from 2000–2002 was 7.9 +/- 0.9 (SE) breeding adults km -2, a high value compared with other sites. We calculated a population of 1187 +/- 140 (SE) plovers in the distance sampling area. Assuming density in our sampling area was similar for all documented occupied habitat, we estimated the population of plovers in South Park at 2310 adults. We conclude that South Park represents a contemporarily large concentration of breeding Mountain Plovers.


Tag Archives: immune system
Binge drinking disrupts immune system in young adults
Binge drinking increases the risk of falls, burns, gunshot wounds, car accidents and other traumatic injuries. One-third of trauma patients have alcohol in their systems.
In addition to increasing the risk of traumatic injuries, binge drinking impairs the body's ability to recover from such injuries.


text:
A complete lesson about the country with the most national languages that begins with an AMAZING WORLD RECORD OF LANGUAGE—
The Country with the Most National Languages—Republic of India!
The world record wows students and the following activities build on their interest.
Three student activity sheets:
- The Country with the Most National Languages
- Language Bridges
- Current Events: Language in the U.S.
Includes teaching guide and answer key.
Aligned with the NCTE/IRA Standards.
THE COUNTRY WITH THE MOST NATIONAL LANGUAGES is excerpted from AMAZING WORLD RECORDS OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.
THE COUNTRY WITH THE MOST NATIONAL LANGUAGES—Language and Literature Worksheets
- Grades 5-9
- 10 Pages
- 3 Reproducible Activity Sheets
- Hands-On Projects
- Teaching Guides
- Complete Answer Key
- Meets the National Council of Teachers of English/International Reading Association Standards
- Part of the Amazing World Records Series of Books
- eBook/PDF Download