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with a hoe during the growing season. Harvesting also required many workers. Although the roots could be lifted by a plough-like device which could be pulled by a horse team, the rest of the preparation was by hand. One laborer grabbed the beets by their leaves, knocked them together to shake free loose soil, and then laid them in a row, root to one side, greens to the other. A second worker equipped with a beet hook (a short-handled tool between a billhook and a sickle) followed behind, and would lift the beet and swiftly chop the crown and leaves from the root with a single action. Working this way, he would leave a row of beets that could be forked into the back of a cart.
Today, mechanical sowing, herbicide application for weed control, and mechanical harvesting have displaced this reliance on manual farm work. A root beater uses a series of blades to chop the leaf and crown (which is high in nonsugar impurities) from the root. The beet harvester lifts the root, and removes excess soil from the root in a single pass over the field. A modern harvester is typically able to cover six rows at the same time. The beets are dumped into trucks as the harvester rolls down the field, and then delivered to the factory. The conveyor then removes more soil.
If the beets are to be left for later delivery, they are formed into clamps. Straw bales are used to shield the beets from the weather. Provided the clamp is well built with the right amount of ventilation, the beets do not significantly deteriorate. Beets that freeze and then defrost produce complex carbohydrates that cause severe production problems in the factory. In the UK, loads may be hand examined at the factory gate before being accepted.
In the US, the fall harvest begins with the first hard frost, which arrests photosynthesis and the further growth of the root. Depending on the local climate, it may be carried out over the course of a few weeks or be prolonged throughout the winter months. The harvest and processing of the beet is referred to as "the campaign", reflecting the organization required to deliver the crop at a steady rate to processing factories that run 24 hours a day for the duration of the harvest and processing (for the UK, the campaign lasts about five months). In the Netherlands, this period is known as de bietencampagne, a time to be careful when driving on local roads in the area while the beets are being grown, because the naturally high clay content of the soil tends to cause slippery roads when soil falls from the trailers during transport.
|Top Ten Sugar Beet Producers - 2011
UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
Arthur Stayner, because of his energetic work in experimenting with the growing of sugar beets in alkali soils, is regarded as the "father and founder of the movement that made the manufacture of sugar in Utah a success".
The world harvested 271.6 million metric tonnes of sugar beets in 2011. The world's largest producer was Russia, with a 47.6 million-metric-tonne harvest. The average yield of sugar beet crops worldwide was 58.2 tonnes per hectare.
Imperial Valley (California) farmers have achieved yields of about 160 tonnes per hectare and over 26 tonnes sugar per hectare. Imperial Valley farms benefit from high intensities of incident sunlight and intensive use of irrigation and fertilizers.
||This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2012)|
After they are harvested, beets are hauled to a factory. In the UK, beets are transported by a hauler, or by a tractor and a trailer by local farmers. Railways and boats are no longer used. Some beets were carried by rail in the Republic of Ireland, until the shutdown of sugar beet production in 2006 after the end of the government subsidies.
Each load is weighed and sampled before it gets tipped onto the reception area, typically a "flat pad" of concrete, where it is moved into large heaps. The beet sample is checked for
- soil tare - the amount of nonbeet delivered
- crown tare - the amount of low-sugar beet delivered
- sugar content ("pol") - amount of sucrose in the crop
- nitrogen content - for recommending future fertilizer use to the farmer.
From these elements, the actual sugar content of the load is calculated and the grower's payment determined.
The beet is moved from the heaps into a central channel or gulley, where it is washed towards the processing plant.
After reception at the processing plant, the beet roots are washed, mechanically sliced into thin strips called cossettes, and passed to a machine called a diffuser to extract the sugar content into a water solution.
Diffusers are long vessels of many metres in which the beet slices go in one direction while hot water goes in the opposite direction. The movement may either be caused by a rotating screw or the whole rotating unit, and the water and cossettes move through internal chambers. The three common designs of diffuser are the horizontal rotating 'RT' (Raffinerie Tirlemontoise, manufacturer), inclined screw 'DDS' (De Danske Sukkerfabrikker), or vertical screw "Tower". Modern tower extraction plants have a processing capacity of up to 17,000 metric tons per day. A less-common design uses a moving belt of cossettes, with water pumped onto the top of the belt and poured through. In all cases, the flow rates of cossettes and water are in the ratio one to two. Typically, cossettes take about 90 minutes to pass through the diffuser, the water only 45 minutes. These countercurrent exchange methods extract more sugar from the cossettes using less water than if they merely sat in a hot water tank. The liquid exiting the diffuser is called raw juice. The colour of raw juice varies from black to a dark red depending on the amount of oxidation, which is itself dependent on diffuser design.
The used cossettes, or pulp, exit the diffuser at about 95% moisture, but low sucrose content. Using screw presses, the wet pulp is then pressed down to 75% moisture. This recovers additional sucrose in the liquid pressed out of the pulp, and reduces the energy needed to dry the pulp. The pressed pulp is dried and sold as animal feed, while the liquid pressed out of the pulp is combined with the raw juice, or more often introduced into the diffuser at the appropriate point in the countercurrent process. The final byproduct, vinasse, is used as fertilizer or growth substrate for yeast cultures.
During diffusion, a portion of the sucrose breaks down into invert sugars. These can undergo further breakdown into acids. These breakdown products are not only losses of sucrose, but also have knock-on effects reducing the final output of processed sugar from the factory. To limit (thermophilic) bacterial action, the feed water may be dosed with formaldehyde and control of the feed water pH is also practiced. Attempts at operating diffusion under alkaline conditions have been made, but the process has proven problematic. The improved sucrose extraction in the diffuser is offset by processing problems in the next stages.
Carbonatation is a procedure which removes impurities from raw juice before it undergoes crystallization. First, the juice is mixed with hot milk of lime (a suspension of calcium hydroxide in water). This treatment precipitates a number of impurities, including multivalent anions such as sulfate, phosphate, citrate and oxalate, which precipitate as their calcium salts and large organic molecules such as proteins, saponins and pectins, which aggregate in the presence of multivalent cations. In addition, the alkaline conditions convert the simple sugars, glucose and fructose, along with the amino acid glutamine, to chemically stable carboxylic acids. Left untreated, these sugars and amines would eventually frustrate crystallization of the sucrose.
Next, carbon dioxide is bubbled through the alkaline sugar solution, precipitating the lime as calcium carbonate (chalk). The chalk particles entrap some impurities and absorb others. A recycling process builds up the size of chalk particles and a natural flocculation occurs where the heavy particles settle out in tanks (clarifiers). A final addition of more carbon dioxide precipitates more calcium from solution; this is filtered off, leaving a cleaner, golden light-brown sugar solution called thin juice.
Before entering the next stage, the thin juice may receive soda ash to modify the pH and sulphitation with a sulfur-based compound to reduce colour formation due to decomposition of monosaccharides under heat.
The thin juice is concentrated via multiple-effect evaporation to make a thick juice, roughly 60% sucrose by weight and similar in appearance to pancake syrup. Thick juice can be stored in tanks for later processing, reducing the load on the crystallization plant.
Thick juice is fed to the crystallizers. Recycled sugar is dissolved into it, and the resulting syrup is called mother liquor. The liquor is concentrated further by boiling under a vacuum in large vessels (the so-called vacuum pans) and seeded with fine sugar crystals. These crystals grow as sugar from the mother liquor forms around them. The resulting sugar crystal and syrup mix is called a massecuite, from "cooked mass" in French. The massecuite is passed to a centrifuge, where the High Green syrup is removed from the massecuite by centrifugal force. After a predetermined time, water is then sprayed into the centrifuge via a spray bar to wash the sugar crystals which produces Low Green syrup. The centrifuge then spins at very


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Over the past two decades governments around the world have been experimenting with a new strategy for managing waste. By making producers responsible for their products when they become wastes, policy makers seek to significantly increase the recycling-and recyclability-of computers, packaging, automobiles, and household hazardous wastes such as batteries, used oil motor, and leftover paint-and save money in the process.
This strategy, known as extended producer responsibility (EPR), is the subject of a new special feature in Yale University's Journal of Industrial Ecology. The special feature examines the use of EPR across diverse scales-from countries to provinces and states-and investigates work underway in the U.S., the European Union, Canada, China, Brazil and the State of Washington. The application of EPR to e-waste is a particular focus of the research in the special feature.
The Journal of Industrial Ecology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, owned by Yale University, published by Wiley-Blackwell and headquartered at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.
Articles in the special feature are freely downloadable for a limited time at: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Foods, Nutrients and Calories
Gravels, Substances and Oils
CaribSea, Freshwater, Eco-Complete Cichlid, Gravel weighs 1 153.33 kg/m³ (72.00004 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 1.15333 relative to pure water. Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindrical, quarter cylindrical or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price ]
Weights and Measurements
Electric current is a motion of electrically charged particles within conductors or space.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Definition of Rayahs
1. Noun. (plural of rayah) ¹
¹ Source: wiktionary.com
Definition of Rayahs
1. rayah [n] - See also: rayah
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Rayahs Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Rayahs
ray of light
rayahs (current term)
Literary usage of Rayahs
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Balkans: A Laboratory of History by William Milligan Sloane (1914)
"There was little interest as to the nationalities of The Creel the rayahs while Turkish rule was strong. They were nearly all Christians of the Byzantine..."
2. The Balkans: A Laboratory of History by William Milligan Sloane (1914)
"There was little interest as to the nationalities of The Greek the rayahs while Turkish rule was strong. They were nearly all Christians of the Byzantine..."
3. A Short History of the Near East: From the Founding of Constantinople (330 A by William Stearns Davis (1922)
"THE ARMY; THE JANISSARIES; THE CHRISTIAN rayahs THE ORGANIZATION OF THE OTTOMAN ARMIES Afar from the divan of the viziers and secretaries,..."
4. The Leisure Hour edited by William Haig Miller, James Macaulay, William Stevens (1876)
"It is more than doubtful whether the groat mas; of the Bulgarian rayahs left to themselves cherish any..."
5. The Balkan Question: The Present Condition of the Balkans and of European by Luigi Villari (1905)
"... that in which the Christian Powers begin to take an active interest in the conditions and sufferings of the rayahs or Christian subjects of the Porte...."
6. Travels in Turkey, Egypt, Nubia, and Palestine, in 1824, 1825, 1826, and 1827 by Richard Robert Madden (1829)
"try of the Christian rayahs. That resource avails no longer, at least to any thing like the extent to which it once did...."
7. Through Bosnia and the Herzegóvina on Foot During the Insurrection, August by Arthur Evans (1876)
"... the Men of Nevesinje—MasBacre of Sick rayahs by Native Mahometans hegins the War—Plan of Dervish Pasha's Campaign—Interview with the Governor-General,..."
8. Travels in the Three Great Empires of Austria, Russia, and Turkey by Charles Boileau Elliott (1838)
"Despotic act. — Shereef pasha. — Syrian government. — Condition of Moslims and rayahs. — Estimate of Mohammed All's character...."


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1.1 This practice sets forth requirements to ensure consistency in neutron-induced displacement damage testing of silicon and gallium arsenide electronic piece parts. This requires controls on facility, dosimetry, tester, and communications processes that affect the accuracy and reproducibility of these tests. It provides background information on the technical basis for the requirements and additional recommendations on neutron testing. In addition to neutrons, reactors are used to provide gamma-ray pulses of intensities and durations that are not achievable elsewhere. This practice also provides background information and recommendations on gamma-ray testing of electronics using nuclear reactors.
1.2 Methods are presented for ensuring and validating consistency in neutron displacement damage testing of electronic parts such as integrated circuits, transistors, and diodes. The issues identified and the controls set forth in this practice address the characterization and suitability of the radiation environments. They generally apply to reactor and 14-MeV neutron sources when used for displacement damage testing, and apply to 252Cf testing when this source is used for this application. Facility and environment characteristics that introduce complications or problems are identified, and recommendations are offered as to how problems can be recognized and minimized or solved. This practice may be used by facility users, test personnel, facility operators, and independent process validators to determine the suitability of a specific environment within a facility and of the testing process as a whole, with the exception of the electrical measurements, which are addressed in other standards. Additional information on conducting irradiations can be found in Practices E 798 and F 1190. This practice also may be of use to test sponsors (that is, organizations that establish test specifications or otherwise have a vested interest in the performance of electronics in neutron environments).
1.3 Methods for evaluation and control of undesired contributors to damage are discussed in this practice, and references to relevant ASTM standards and technical reports are provided. Processes and methods used to arrive at the appropriate test environments and specification levels for electronics systems are beyond the scope of this practice; however, the process for determining the 1-MeV equivalent displacement specifications from operational environment neutron spectra should employ the methods and parameters described herein. Some important considerations are addressed in through (Nonmandatory information)..
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and Dosimetry
E181 Test Methods for Detector Calibration and Analysis of Radionuclides
E261 Practice for Determining Neutron Fluence, Fluence Rate, and Spectra by Radioactivation Techniques
E262 Test Method for Determining Thermal Neutron Reaction Rates and Thermal Neutron Fluence Rates by Radioactivation Techniques
E263 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Iron
E264 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Nickel
E265 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates and Fast-Neutron Fluences by Radioactivation of Sulfur-32
E393 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates by Analysis of Barium-140 From Fission Dosimeters
E481 Test Method for Measuring Neutron Fluence Rates by Radioactivation of Cobalt and Silver
E482 Guide for Application of Neutron Transport Methods for Reactor Vessel Surveillance, E706 (IID)
E523 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Copper
E526 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Titanium
E665 Practice for Determining Absorbed Dose Versus Depth in Materials Exposed to the X-Ray Output of Flash X-Ray Machines
E666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From Gamma or X Radiation
E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for Determining Absorbed Dose in Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronic Devices
E704 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Uranium-238
E705 Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Neptunium-237
E720 Guide for Selection and Use of Neutron Sensors for Determining Neutron Spectra Employed in Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
E721 Guide for Determining Neutron Energy Spectra from Neutron Sensors for Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
E722 Practice for Characterizing Neutron Fluence Spectra in Terms of an Equivalent Monoenergetic Neutron Fluence for Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronics
E798 Practice for Conducting Irradiations at Accelerator-Based Neutron Sources
E844 Guide for Sensor Set Design and Irradiation for Reactor Surveillance, E 706 (IIC)
E944 Guide for Application of Neutron Spectrum Adjustment Methods in Reactor Surveillance, E 706 (IIA)
E1018 Guide for Application of ASTM Evaluated Cross Section Data File, Matrix E706 (IIB)
E1249 Practice for Minimizing Dosimetry Errors in Radiation Hardness Testing of Silicon Electronic Devices Using Co-60 Sources
E1250 Test Method for Application of Ionization Chambers to Assess the Low Energy Gamma Component of Cobalt-60 Irradiators Used in Radiation-Hardness Testing of Silicon Electronic Devices
E1297 Test Method for Measuring Fast-Neutron Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Niobium
E1855 Test Method for Use of 2N2222A Silicon Bipolar Transistors as Neutron Spectrum Sensors and Displacement Damage Monitors
E2005 Guide for Benchmark Testing of Reactor Dosimetry in Standard and Reference Neutron Fields
F1190 Guide for Neutron Irradiation of Unbiased Electronic Components
electronics testing; neutron-induced damage; nuclear test reactor; test consistency;
ICS Number Code 19.080 (Electrical and electronic testing); 31.020 (Electronic components in general)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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A breastplate is a device worn over the torso either to protect the torso from injury, or as an item of religious significance, or as an item of status. A breastplate was sometimes worn by mythological beings as a distinctive item of clothing.
In Judaism, the Breastplate (Hoshen) is a sacred garment worn by the High Priest, woven out of multiple fabrics and set with twelve precious stones representing each of the tribes of Israel. Traditionally, it had a fold containing the Urim and Thummim. The Breastplate is described in some detail in and. It is placed over the Mantle (Me'il).
In modern Judaism, there is a breastplate, usually silver gilt, which is placed over the Torah Scroll when it is placed in the Aron Kodesh (ark). This breastplate is removed when the Torah is read during synagogue services.
Christian tradition, particularly Roman Catholic and Anglican, uses a hymn entitled the "Breastplate of St. Patrick", or "Lorica" (ostensibly written by St. Patrick himself), which is a lyrical prayer to God for protection. It is found in an Old Irish text from the 8th century. The English translation was made by Cecil Frances Alexander and set to the melody "St. Patrick" by Charles Villiers Stanford.
The morse (clasp) on a cope, particularly one worn by a bishop, is said to symbolize the breastplate worn by the High Priest. In the Roman Catholic Church, this was especially true of the morse on the mantum previously worn by the pope.
The breastplate is also of significance in the Latter Day Saint Movement, as one is believed to have been maintained anciently, along with other sacred artifacts, by Book of Mormon prophets (cf Doctrine and Covenants 17:1, and Joseph Smith History 1:35, 42, 52).
The hair-pipe breastplates of 19th-century Plains Indians were made from bones from the West Indian conch, brought to New York docks as ballast and then traded to native Americans of the upper Missouri River. Their popularity spread rapidly after their invention by the Comanche in 1854. They were too fragile and expensive to be considered armor, and were instead a symbol of wealth during the economic depression among Plains Indians after the buffalo were exterminated.


AIE alumnus, Callum Guerney ( Sydney 2016) has recently finished making and editing a stop-motion video for ASPECT Australia. It will been publicly shown at The Asia Pacific Autism Conference to be held in September in Sydney.
The video, along with the message is a powerful reminder of the devastating impact that bullying can have on an individual, whether they have Autism or not. I encourage you to both watch and read…
Bullying is a significant and common problem for kids on the spectrum. When you are an autism advocate, you meet many people on the spectrum who have been bullied; and yes, I've been bullied too.
Bullying was the most cited reason for home schooling in research completed by Autism Spectrum Australia (Cheney & Bruck, 2016). As this problem becomes increasingly recognised there are people on the spectrum who are working towards doing something about this matter.
Stephen Mark Shore is a professor of special education at Adelphi University, a Plenary Speaker at APAC17, and is running a half day pre-conference workshop on bullying in the lead up to the Asia Pacific Autism Conference in Sydney. He describes the impact of bullying on a person as like scrunching up a new piece of paper.
"You can take a piece of paper that is nice, smooth and everything then you scrunch it up into a ball and maybe squish it under your foot. After you have done all that, you can't get it back to its original state"
The paper will always have the lines and marks on it. It is equally hard to undo the impact of bullying, Stephen says "to the person who is being bullied, you can apologise to them, you can explain to them why that may have happened but that person is forever changed."
As I reflect about my life (in my book), I realise that being bullied wasn't just something that ended with me proudly stating to the class "I am Aspie and I am Proud!". Bullying had broken me to the point where I wasn't able to defend myself later in life.
I worked for a studio in 2012 as their Multimedia Designer. I had a boss that said he would be understanding of my autism but in the end bullied me more than I could imagine. In these moments, I would no longer be the fully functioning adult I was, but the kid from high school who would flee to the library. Unable to fight back.
Stephen commented that, unfortunately, there isn't much hard research on prevention of bullying, but that…
there is a lot of anecdotal evidence that if we can find commonalities between people that people tend to be more alike than different and if we foster those similarities, that can be a great help. Additionally, he says, having a climate that doesn't tolerate bullying in school, work and wherever else, is essential.
"We need to recognize it for what it is and we need to stop it. It has to come from the adults in the situation".
What about the old advice of standing up to the bully?
Stephen commented "This has never made sense to me because the key matter of bullying is an imbalance of power and why would ask the person with the least amount of power to be doing the most amount of work?"
Stephen mentioned some recent studies. US research reports that students on the spectrum were bullied 43.6 percent of the time. People on the spectrum can be easy targets. It can be hard for us to understand whether people are just having a joke or if someone is being genuinely mean.
The only times where the kids have not been bullied is when the father is the school's principal. This felt pretty obvious because who would bully the child of the person who runs the school they are going to?
If we go deeper into the research we can find it more interesting and quite shocking. The Examiners asked teachers to rate "how often do you intervene when it comes to bullying?" to which the teachers reported they intervened around 70 percent of the time.
The research also observed the rate of teacher intervention in bullying in real life school settings.
Observations showed teacher intervention is shockingly low.
 - Observed teacher classroom intervention = 14%
 - Observed teacher playground or school bus bay intervention = 2% to 4%
This is obviously an environment that tolerates bullying.
In high school I was in science class, trying to get my work done when I had a classmate ask me "What's that in your hand?"
I told her that it was a pen that my mum got from Poland. Another friend decided they wanted a look and I happily obliged. As the second class mate looked at it, one of the bigger bullies took it. I asked the bully to give it back.
I was distressed, the pen had value to me, and he treated it like nothing. What really felt like a kick in the guts was that my science teacher was busy talking about her nail polish with female students.
If you are being bullied, please don't feel like you're alone in this matter. Bullying occurs on a regular basis, whether it be through race, gender, disability or sexuality and this doesn't stop at the schoolyard.
If you see bullying happening, please do something about it…
But remember students that are reading this, you are not alone, you can do the following.
 1. See your parents/teachers
 2. Seek help with a therapist or a school councillor
 3. There are support lines you can call including Beyond Blue at 1300 22 4636 and Life Line at 13 11 14


South Africa – Pongrácz Champagne
South Africa is not only famous for its diamonds, but also for its grapes, wines and sparkling wines produced there. If you visit the Stellenbosch wine region, you may come across a Hungarian name.
Pongrácz Champagne is the most famous and one of the most popular champagne brands in the country. It was named after Dezső Pongrácz: a Hungarian nobleman, an outstanding figure in South Africa's wine and sparkling wine industry.
Dezső Pongrácz, or as he is known in South Africa: Desiderius Pongracz, fought as a soldier in World War II. After World War II, he was captured by Russia, where he spent more than 10 years in a labor camp. After the labor camp, he returned to Hungary for a while, but after the outbreak of the revolution of 1956, he reached the African country on his adventurous journey.
After arriving in South Africa, he began working on farms and then climbed up the ladder until he had acclimatized there such popular species like Chardonnay, Sauvignon or Pinot Noir.
He also dealt with wine and sparkling wine from a scientific point of view, and has published many studies and books throughout his life, and is still regarded by many as the founders of South African sparkling wine. At the age of 61, he died in a car accident while delivering wine to a friend.
Published by


06 Jun 2019
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Key trends emerging in digital transformation approaches
With more organisations embarking on the first or subsequent stages of their digital transformation journey, there are important trends and patterns that are emerging, especially in the financial services and insurance industry (FSI). Businesses embracing these trends tend to show better results from their transformation projects, sooner, according to Empired.
There are seven key trends emerging in the digital transformation approaches of organisations within the financial services and insurance industries:
1. POC and quick wins
One of the most important and valuable trends is the move towards proof of concept (POC) and quick wins in lieu of expensive, risky, monolithic projects. In fact, over the last five years or so, there has been a dramatic shift towards this way of working and it's paying dividends for businesses in all industries.
Empired head of advanced technologies and transformation Steve Leven said, "This is an important approach because technology changes so quickly, it's impractical for an organisation to sign up for a five-year transformation project and expect that, at the end of the five years, all the technologies being used would be the same as the ones that were envisaged at the start of the project. Therefore, teams need to focus on what's in front of them, using technology to deliver quick wins and then move on to the next project. To do this, it's important to have tangible measures of success to work towards."
2. Funding and return on investment (ROI)
IT projects used to be funded directly on a case-by-case basis. Now, there are far more instances where funds have been pooled and allocated as needed to different transformation projects. This makes it even more important than ever that these transformation projects are able to demonstrate strong ROI as it lets project owners go back to stakeholders and reiterate the value of the project. As emerging technologies are applied, this is becoming essential since there is often inherent distrust of anything that hasn't been implemented multiple times successfully.
3. Managing change
Transformation, by definition, is a more disruptive change than a standard new technology implementation. Therefore, it's crucial to consider change management from the outset of any transformation project to ensure all staff members are adequately catered for.
This includes making sure systems are built from the ground up to reflect the actual needs and processes of end users, not some out-of-touch impression held by managers.
4. Bringing the legal team in early
Many industries, including FSI, are such a highly–regulated, which means that the legal and compliance teams must always have a significant voice in the development and deployment of any new technology.
Leven said, "Bringing in legal teams as stakeholders early on avoids frustration because it ensures that compliance requirements are built in from day one. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity to educate the legal experts about the technology to dispel any fears or misunderstandings that may exist. This is usually relatively easy to do, since most transformation projects actually increase security, limit corporate risk, and enhance regulatory compliance capabilities."
5. Working with regulators
In the wake of the banking royal commission, regulators are naturally wary of innovative and unfamiliar technologies and business models in the FSI industry. However, it's essential for organisations to innovate precisely to overcome some of the issues that existed previously. The industry regulatory bodies must not hold back innovation. It's therefore important for organisations to work with the regulators to educate them and make sure they understand the value of these new initiatives so they can support the industry in moving forward.
6. Leveraging Artificial intelligence (AI)
AI is still nascent but it presents enormous opportunities. In the FSI space in particular, most organisations are considering AI in terms of the value it can add to the customer experience and to the employee experience. It's about finding ways to help customers deal with organisations more easily and without friction, and to lower operational costs.
It can be helpful for organisations to think about AI in terms of augmented intelligence in that it helps take the mundane, low-cognitive requirements tasks away from staff and let them pivot towards more meaningful work. This can dramatically improve culture as well.
At this stage, standing up bots as a POC is relatively easy and can be done in weeks if not days. However, taking that to a commercial model and deploying it at scale is more complex and requires a far more strategic and considered approach.
7. No room for error
When working with board members and business stakeholders that are inherently suspicious of emerging technology, there is no room for error. It only takes on instance of a failed technology for risk-averse stakeholders to shy away from further investment or initiatives. It's important to understand this mindset and keep projects within the realm of the achievable so stakeholder's comfort with new technologies can be built slowly.
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Visitors to Ohio Memory and the Ohio History Center alike have probably heard that 2012 is a big year for Columbus–it's our 200th birthday! The Columbus bicentennial is a major milestone for Ohio's capital city, marking two centuries of growth since its founding in 1812. Over the coming weeks, the Ohio Memory news feed will be taking a look back at some Columbus landmarks as they were at different points in our history–and what better place to start than with the Ohio Historical Society's own illustrious past?
Those of you familiar with the Ohio State University campus might recognize the adjacent photograph (taken in 1931) as Sullivant Hall, located at 1813 North High Street. But what you might not know is that this building was the original home to the Ohio Historical Society, then known as the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. Completed in December of 1913, the building served as the museum and library for the OAHS starting just three months later, before all of its collections were even in place!
The building was officially dedicated on Memorial Day of 1914, and housed OHS until the society relocated to its current site near the fairgrounds in 1970. The building features a limestone exterior, Ionic columns, Tiffany bronze doors, and a beautiful domed vestibule with marble stairways. Now part of the Ohio State University campus, it is currently undergoing updates to become LEED certified and ADA compliant, and upon reopening, will house the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library, the Departments of Dance and Art Education, and increased classroom space.
The current Ohio History Center location that we all know and love, seen in the adjacent photograph under construction in 1969, opened to the public on August 23, 1970. That means our building has been a part of Columbus' landscape for almost a quarter of the city's history! Built in the Brutalist style, this architectural landmark is one of the most recognizable sights in Columbus. Brutalism refers to a rational, structuralist and monumental building style that was exported by British and French architects in the early 1950s. Thanks to its use of this unique architectural style, the Center was described by the American Institute of Architects upon its construction as a "bold, imaginative, almost startling structure"–we certainly like to think so!
Stay tuned for more posts on Columbus landmarks throughout the city's past. To see more images like these, visit OhioMemory.org and as always, we invite you to stop by the Ohio History Center to see what's new and to explore Ohio history for yourself!


Asian American Studies
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of courses in Asian American Studies, students will be able to:
 - Critically evaluate the ways Asians Americans act and ways others have acted in response to their experience in the United States including conditioning, culture, and subgroups within the Asian American Community, by applying the theories and methodologies of social and behavioral science inquiry used in Asian American Studies.
 - Analyze the Asian American experience in United States history and government; examine the importance of inclusion and participation in civic duties and responsibilities based on historical and political precedent.
 - Exhibit an aesthetic understanding of the ways in which Asian Americans have created fine and performing arts, linguistic expression, philosophical reasoning, analytical or creative writing.
 - Analyze the intersections of race, class, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, sexual orientation within the Asian American experience in the United States.
Credit, Degree Applicable Courses


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Definition of chromide in English:
A small deep-bodied fish of India and Sri Lanka, found in brackish water.
- Genus Etroplus, family Cichlidae: the orange chromide (E. maculatus) and the green chromide (E. suratensis)
- Anyway, they are fine with orange chromides, but being predators, they will eat any baby chromides.
- On the other hand, a single specimen will usually mix well with small, sturdy, low-salinity brackish water fish including bumblebee gobies, orange chromides, and glassfish.
- The Green chromide, an aquarium fish, is a native of India and Sri Lanka, and is found in the mangrove-lined estuaries along the Johor Straits.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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With her sisters, Fodla and Ériu, she was part of an important triumvirate of goddesses. When the Milesians arrived from Spain each of the three sisters asked that her name be given to the country. Ériu (Éire) won the argument, but Banbha is still sometimes used as a poetic name for Ireland, much as Albion is for England.
According to Seathrún Céitinn she worshipped Macha, who is also sometimes named as a daughter of Ernmas. The two goddesses may therefore be seen as equivalent. Céitinn also refers to a tradition that Banbha was the first person to set foot in Ireland before the flood, in a variation of the legend of Cessair.
In the 'Tochomlad mac Miledh a hEspain i nErind: no Cath Tailten', it is related that as the Milesians were journeying through Ireland, 'they met victorious Banba among her troop of faery magic hosts' on Senna Mountain, the stony mountain of Mes. A footnote identifies this site as Slieve Mish in Dingle, County Kerry. The soil of this region is a non-leptic podzol If the character of Banbha originated in an earth-goddess, non-leptic podzol may have been the particular earth-type of which she was the deification.
Initially, she could have been a goddess of war as well as a fertility goddess.


Dragon Age Wiki
Dragon Age Wiki
The Band of Three was a group of scholars vowed to researching the history of Kirkwall during and prior to the Tevinter occupation.
The Seekers of Truth in Kirkwall secretly created the Band of Three to investigate why there are so many blood mages in the city, the nature of the Veil there and whether the Forgotten Ones in elven lore are connected to the Forbidden Ones in other works. The team, comprised of Dalish apostate Vahnel, Brother Kerowen, and Felestia, was bound with holy vows to uncover what lore they could and return it to the Seekers.[1]
Hawke can find notes detailing their discoveries. Hawke can discover more passages as time passes in Kirkwall. The notes explain how the Band of Three conducted their research and include some comments on their theories.
The Band of Three disagreed with the then-accepted theory that the Tevinter Imperium came to Emerius (future Kirkwall), for its natural harbor and mineral wealth. They also note the Imperium dispatched three legions to Emerius which never arrived and seemingly vanished. Suspecting a greater reason, they continued their research, delving into continually more dangerous situations.
Upon acquiring some rare texts from Kirkwall's black market, the Band realized the city had hidden undercity passages which had housed Tevinter researchers. As they explored the passages, they wondered why Kirkwall's magical research was hidden, when so many other cities in the Imperium studied it publicly. Eventually, a stonemason showed the Band a map of Kirkwall, and the writer saw that the city had been built according to magical symbols; this, apparently, is why Kirkwall is very easy to get lost in.
During the Tevinter Imperium in Kirkwall, a large number of slaves would disappear every year. Though Kirkwall was a slave-trading hub and required large numbers of slaves in order to work the mines, the Band notes that roughly one of every ten slaves went missing, a disproportionately high number.
One of the notes mentions that the Band was eventually attacked by maleficarum, resulting in Vahnel being severely injured and perhaps his or her death. Interestingly, they note that Kirkwall's Circle of Magi has consistently had problems with blood mages and Harrowing deaths ("almost double that of Starkhaven or Ostwick"), something consistent with Hawke's experiences in Kirkwall.
During their research, the Band found some disturbing records about Kirkwall's architecture. The city's sewers have grooves that lead downward, apparently for blood sacrifice. They note that blood magic from a simple cut is already very powerful, and could not understand why the Imperium needed blood magic on the scale of thousands of slaves a year.
Eventually, the Band's research culminates in the discovery that the Imperium had been deliberately weakening Kirkwall's already thin Veil, though they do not know for what purpose. It can be inferred from the notes that Kirkwall's design was intended to be used as part of a blood ritual to do this, perhaps in order to summon demons like the Forbidden Ones.
The final note left by the Band suggests that they may have attempted to recreate the magister's lore they gathered. [2] Whatever they did killed Felestia and left the writer severely injured. The last member of the Band, Kerowen, returned to seal whatever they released, saying the knowledge they had gathered must be destroyed.
Known members[]
 - Seeker Cahail – formed and sponsored the Band of Three
 - Felestia
 - Brother Kerowen
 - Vahnel – a Dalish apostate
Codex entries[]
Codex entry: The Enigma of Kirkwall Codex entry: The Enigma of Kirkwall
See also[]


While trading in Forex, you need to be in the right psychological territory in order to advance in the correct direction. Psychology is a vital part, and even the most seasoned players in the Forex market with the best technical knowledge and years of experience cannot achieve success without learning to control their emotions.
Here, we will talk about how you can reduce impulsive decisions and practice trader discipline by controlling your impulses.
Trader psychology
Human beings are emotional creatures and thus prone to making mistakes, but these mistakes can cost you a lot of money while you're trading in Forex. The most commonly seen attribute is fear, which can significantly limit your efficiency while you're conducting trades. Your mind naturally wants to take the path with the least amount of risk and might lead you to exiting a trade when there are indications that you might suffer a loss.
Nevertheless, this might cause an undesirable deviation from your trading scheme, which you planned with great caution. You might make some impulsive decisions, hoping to turn things around in your favor and end up suffering huge losses in the process. Your brain is not always able to think for the long term and tries to fix the current bad position you are in, thus ruining your chances of making profits in the future.
Now, let us look at how you can reduce impulsive decision making and deal with risks in a more mature way.
Trader psychology
How to reduce impulsive decisions
You can reduce impulsive decisions in the following ways:
 - Creating a solid plan. When you do not have a definite plan, there are higher chances you might give in to your impulse. Hence, it is important to devote time to going through your charts and planning for the next week. You can use a trading journal to keep track of things like Forex pairs and key levels, as well as keeping an eye on opportunities that might come knocking.
 - Maintain a schedule. A great way to reduce impulsive decisions is to monitor the daily charts that give you a lot of time to judge the scenario correctly and make logical decisions. In case you are new to Forex trading, the daily time frame can be particularly useful for you.
 - Limit the time you spend looking for a trade. If you spend a lot of time in front of your computer screen going through charts, you are more likely to make rash decisions. The rationale behind this is that when you're spending a lot of time looking for a favorable trade, you're getting into a mindset where you are not satisfied till you've discovered what you are looking for.
Stay grounded while trading in Forex
It is perfectly normal to have high ambitions and dreams while trading in Forex. But, you should remember not to sacrifice reality for the sake of your dreams because that won't bring you any profits. As such, you must stay grounded in regards to what you expect from your trade.
Do not set unrealistic expectations like making millions of dollars using a small Forex account in a matter of a few days. You should remember that trading in Forex is mostly about facts and logic, so you should form your expectations accordingly. This will prevent you from making desperate decisions like using your children's college money in the hope that you will get lucky and strike gold.
Trader Discipline
The Forex market consists of individuals who can turn the market volatile through their emotional decision making. Even if a trader has years of experience in the market, they can submit to greed or fear, taking rash decisions like trading in a highly volatile market in order to make profits faster because they are acting on a hunch as opposed to a viable plan.
In this regard, having a solid plan is a great way to become a disciplined trader. You should understand that every penny is valuable, and unless you have some clear indication that your trade might bring you profits, you should avoid investing.
Seasoned traders know how important it is to organize their tasks before carrying out a transaction. This will not only boost your confidence but also allow you to assess your trading operations more effectively.
Trader Discipline
Control your emotions
In order to escape your mental trappings, you must observe the market in a realistic way. It is normal to feel overwhelmed sometimes, and in these situations, it is a good idea to allow yourself to recuperate. When you conduct trades solely based on impulses, the consequences can be disastrous. Remember, you are not taking a gamble and need to manage your risks efficiently in order to succeed.
Furthermore, you should know what your faults are because only then you can transform yourself into a top player in the Forex market. By being disciplined, patient, and using reasoning based on facts and figures, you can assess your strategies better.
Conducting research and review
As a Forex trader, you must know everything you can about what you are dealing with. Stay abreast with the latest developments, read some Forex trading journals, and attend conferences and seminars that would give you brand new perspectives.
You should know that no amount of research is too much. This includes going through Forex charts, conducting macroeconomic analysis, studying the industry, and having one on one discussions with some of the top managers.
Thus, we saw what trading psychology is and how it can positively or negatively impact your Forex trading decisions. Once you change your attitude and get in the right mindset, it will allow you to accept the uncertainties and not let failures force you into making drastic changes to your trading scheme.


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American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To put off; postpone.
- v. To postpone the induction of (one eligible for the military draft).
- v. To procrastinate.
- v. To submit to the opinion, wishes, or decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her authority, knowledge, or judgment. See Synonyms at yield.
- v. To commit or entrust to another.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- To offer; render; assign: as, to defer the command of an army.
- To refer; leave to another's judgment and determination
- To yield to another's opinion; submit in opinion: with to.
- To delay; put off; postpone to a future time: as, to defer the execution of a design.
- To cause to wait; remand; put off: applied to persons.
- To wait; delay; procrastinate.
- v. To delay, or postpone, especially to postpone induction into military service.
- v. law To submit to the opinion or desire of another in respect to their judgment or authority.
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. To put off; to postpone to a future time; to delay the execution of; to delay; to withhold.
- v. To put off; to delay to act; to wait.
- v. obsolete To render or offer.
- v. To lay before; to submit in a respectful manner; to refer; -- with
- v. To yield deference to the wishes of another; to submit to the opinion of another, or to authority; -- with
- v. yield to another's wish or opinion
- v. hold back to a later time
- Middle English differren, to postpone, differ; see differ.Middle English deferen, from Old French deferer, from Latin dēferre, to carry away, refer to : dē-, de- + ferre, to carry; see bher-1 in Indo-European roots. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"To defer from the steven King inflection it should be referenced as a Viral of vampires."
"Captain Sears did defer, that is he seldom opposed."
"Now you may wonder why it's called defer and lazyload and I talked about not loading at all."
"One alternative: defer social security -- it also increases 8% for every year you defer, which is higher than most investments pay."
"Although he said he wanted to come back for a final year in 2010, Bowden chose to call it a career after reviewing the parameters the school sought to have him work within next year -- namely defer much of his responsibility to coach-in-waiting Jimbo Fisher."
"Although he said he wanted to come back for a final year in 2010, Bowden chose to call it a career after reviewing the parameters the school sought to have him work within next year - namely defer much of his responsibility to coach-in-waiting Jimbo Fisher."
"At this week's Homeland Security hearing, when FBI Director Mueller was questioned about it by Senator Carl Levin (D-Mich), Mueller said he would "defer" to the Justice Department on the issue."
"It's not just the fact that Cheney never served in the military; it's that all the archtects of the Iraq War – Bush, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Cheney, Rove, and many of their most vocal supporters like Limbaugh – all found ways to "defer" from serving."
"April 30th is effectively the end for Shuttle and just this week, CxP began looking at plans to mostly "defer" the Lunar capabilities on Orion, effectively killing the original purpose of the program."
"Recognizing that the U.S. has one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world, the government should not eliminate the current provision that allows companies to "defer" paying a U.S. tax on foreign income until it is brought back into this country."
These user-created lists contain the word 'defer'.
Budgetese - not a sexy topic but a very comprehensive list of words and collocations used in EU circles. Budgeting experts please comment and expand.
heading, across-the-board..., emergency reserve, frontload, mopping-up, performance reserve, positive margin, negative margin, public finances, structural operat..., administrative ex..., management of EU... and 657 more...
A complete Barron's Wordlist for GRE preparation. Your online flashcard replacement.
additionality, audit trail, accounting standards, auditing standards, general audit obj..., a posteriori audit, a priori audit, above board, acceptable error..., access rights, accountability, accountable entities and 1283 more...
Protagonists and relevant words in the Book of Creation (Source: King James Bible)
List of most of the words I've learned
Words That Make Sense in Reverse Too! Bad news for a dyslexic, 'cause s/he's got no clue if s/he read the word correctly or not, as opposed to a palindrome (i.e., no mistake possible, cf. "Dyslexic...
Another kind of bear list: words bearing the -fer suffix ("that which carries"), the -ferous suffix ("bearing," "producing," or "yielding").
Also see (if you like) Carry Me Home Again.
favorite words. some are made up injokes between me and my husband or family.
Looking for tweets for defer.


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Price Level of Consumption for Pakistan (PLOCONPKA622NUPN)
2010: 39.02034 PPP of Consumption over Exchange Rate
Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted, Updated: 2012-09-17 11:46 AM CDT
|Source:|| University of Pennsylvania
|Release:||Penn World Table 7.1|
Price Level of GDP is the PPP over GDP divided by the exchange rate times 100. The PPP of GDP or any component is the national currency value divided by the real value in international dollars. The PPP and the exchange rate are both expressed as national currency units per US dollar.The value of price level of GDP for the United States is made equal to 100. Price Levels of the components Consumption, Investment, and Government are derived in the same way as the price level of GDP. While the U.S. = 100 over GDP, this is not true for the component shares. The purchasing power parity in domestic currency per $US for GDP or any component, may be obtained by dividing the price level by 100 and multiplying by the Exchange Rate. More information is available at _URL_


text:
Another dinosaur (not 'Obamadon gracilis') / AFP/Getty Images
Babies and pets have been named in honor of President Obama -- and now a prehistoric lizard
Researchers at Yale University have dubbed a newly discovered species of dinosaur -- a lizard -- Obamadon gracilis, citing the president's broad smile, Reuters reports.
In modified Latin, Obamadon stands for "Obama's teeth," while gracilis means "slender."
"The lizard has these very tall, straight teeth and Obama has these tall, straight incisors and a great smile," said Nick Longrich, a paleontologist at Yale.
Also reports Reuters:
"Like many other dinosaurs, the lizard died out about 65 million years ago when a giant asteroid struck earth, scientists say.
"Longrich said he waited until after the recent U.S. election to name the dinosaur.
"'It would look like we were kicking him when he's down if he lost and we named this extinct lizard after him,' he said in an interview....
"Other celebrity names also have been used to name new species. A small Caribbean crustacean has been named after reggae icon Bob Marley, an Australian horsefly has been named in honor of hip-hop star Beyonce, and an endangered species of marsh rabbit has been named after Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner."
Copyright 2013 USATODAY.com
Read the original story: Newly discovered prehistoric lizard named for Obama


Advocating change
Lesson #4 Driving without distractions
Distractions on the road are everywhere, from the scenery outside the car to the music inside the car. These interruptions often result in people failing to drive safely.
Perhaps the biggest distraction out there are our mobile phones, as well as passengers and in car features such as entertainment systems, music and Google Maps. Outside your car big distractions are constantly present in the form of other vehicles, buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians and animals.
This is why we need your help to come up with solutions to six challenges that may stop you from paying attention while driving. The challenges can be worked on individually by students or collaboratively in small groups. Be sure to think your ideas through carefully and brainstorm suggestions with each other.
Challenge 1
Many people keep their phones within reach and on loud when driving, which means they get temped to answer phone calls and text messages, or to change their music.
Challenge 2
As a young driver, you may want to drive with friends in the car. However, sometimes these passengers can talk too much, which can take your attention away from the road.
Challenge 3
Many cars come with entertainment systems that play music, but this often means people look away to change songs when driving.
Challenge 4
Global Positioning System (GPS) devices can help you find a destination easily, but many people enter their desired addresses while driving.
Challenge 5
Sometimes you might see people you know or animals on the side of the road, which can cause you to take your eyes off the road.
Challenge 6
Fallen trees or powerlines, as well as cracks, potholes and rubbish on the road are hazards for drivers.
How did you go?


COVID-19: Policies to Protect People and Communities
Policies to Protect People and Communities
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread and people are forced to stay home, workers are losing their jobs, health care systems are being stressed, local businesses are at risk of closing permanently, and the country is bracing for recession. The crisis has laid bare the inequities and injustices that threaten people's well-being, safety, and lives.
Amid these uncertain and challenging times, we are asking and answering: How can the nation respond in the short term to keep all people safe and the economy afloat? What policies could help all of us recover in a way that is inclusive and equitable? And how can families and communities become more resilient to global health, economic, climate, and other shocks, even as we seek to prevent them from happening again?
We will be updating this page regularly in an effort to provide clarity, insight, and evidence-based solutions as this global crisis evolves.


Table of Contents
 1. About the Security Guide
 2. Introduction to Informatica Security
 3. User Authentication
 4. LDAP Security Domains
 5. Kerberos Authentication Setup
 6. Domain Security
 7. Security Management in Informatica Administrator
 8. Users and Groups
 9. Privileges and Roles
 10. Permissions
 11. Audit Reports
 12. Command Line Privileges and Permissions
 13. Custom Roles
Security for Data Analyzer
Security for Data Analyzer
When you create the Reporting Service, you can configure the secure HTTPS properties for Data Analyzer.
To secure the connection between the browser and the Reporting Service, configure the following Reporting Service property:
Enable HTTPS on port
The SSL port that the Reporting Service uses for secure connections. You can edit the value if you have configured the HTTPS port for the node where you create the Reporting Service. Enter a value between 1 and 65535 and ensure that it is not the same as the HTTP port. If the node where you create the Reporting Service is not configured for the HTTPS port, you cannot configure HTTPS for the Reporting Service.
Default is 16443.
Updated April 29, 2019


Schottky Effect
Points to understand which are related to Schottky effect are the following:In a solid material, there will be two or less than two electrons for each atom which are free to move from one atom to another based on band theory. Work Function: The bare minimum quantity of energy (produced due to thermal energy) essential for an electron to escape (leave) from the surface of a material is called work function. Thermionic Emission: It is the emission (release) of charge carriers (ions or electrons) from the surface of a material due to the thermal energy given to it. Thermionic Emission Current: As a result of thermionic emission (electron ejection due to thermal energy), an electric current will be produced across the electrodes which is termed as thermionic emission current. Work function is inversely proportional to thermionic emission current. Richardson's Law: It is mathematically analogous to Arrhenius equation. It gives the relationship between the current and the temperature of a heated wire. That is, the current will depend on the temperature of the wire exponentially as shown below. J → Emission Current density W → Work function of the metal T → Temperature of the metal K → Boltzmann constant = AG = λR A0 λR → Material specific correction factor (typically of order 0.5) A0 → Universal constant =
Now, we can come to the topic – Schottky Effect (Field enhanced thermionic emission). Here; when we apply an electric field to a heated material, the emission of electrons from the surface increases. It results in decreasing the smallest energy required for the release of electrons from the surface of the material (work function) and thereby increasing thermionic current. If a very small electric field is applied, then it only sweeps the previously released electrons from the surface of the material. While increasing the field (moderate field), a particular point is reached at which the work function value gets decreased. If the field is further increased, it results in decreasing in work function and thereby increasing the thermionic emission current. This is Schottky effect. In the absence of electric field, the surface barrier which is seen by the emitting Fermi-level electron will be W height. This height is equal to the work function. But the electric field will decrease the barrier height by an amount equal to ΔW (see figure 2) and thus increasing the thermionic current. This can be modelled by an easy alteration in Richardson equation which is explained before. In that equation, we can substitute W by W + ΔW as shown below. The above equation satisfies only for electric field strength less than 108 V/m. But for very high increase in electric field; it results in tunnelling of electrons (excessive electron emission) through the potential barrier. This type of emission or tunnelling is called as high-field emission or simply we can say field emission.
When we plot a graph of logarithm of thermionic emission current and will give a straight line (shown below). At low anode voltage, the deviation is due to space charge effects. schottky effect The electric lines of force are at 90o to the surface of a metal due to high conductivity (see figure below). The inter-atomic distance is assumed to be 'a'. Thus, an electron which is located at a distance x>a from the surface having charge – e interacts with surface. It induces an electrical image (+e) in the metal which will be at a distance of x. There will be an attractive force between – e and + e given by schottky effect
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Chapter 2: Table of Contents
Phenol and its derivatives are used as antiseptics, general disinfectants and in cold sterilants. Bisphenols and halogen-substituted phenols are phenol derivatives that are used as antiseptics.
Hexachlorophene is a bacteriostatic bisphenol that only possesses bacteriostatic activity against gram-positive bacteria. Hexachlorophene kills at a slow to intermediate rate but has a residual effect lasting several hours. It is inactivated if contacted with alcohol or other soaps but is not inactivated by organic debris. It can cause photosensitivity and dermatitis to people sensitive to phenols and should not be used on broken skin or mucous membranes due to irritation and absorption into the blood. Many skin preparations are more effective than hexachlorophene, reducing its use in veterinary medicine.
Parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) is a halogen-substituted phenol that kills gram-positive bacteria by cell wall disruption and enzyme inactivation but has reduced activity against gram-negative bacteria. Like other antiseptics, it has poor activity against spores but does have virucidal activity against enveloped viruses. PCMX is often combined with other agents to potentiate its activity against gram-negative bacteria. Onset of action is slow to intermediate and contact times of a few minutes are recommended. PCMX may be toxic to cats since it requires hepatic glucuronate conjugation for excretion.


In a recent survey by United Educators, it is clear that more colleges and universities than ever are implementing ERM as a way to prepare for and respond to risks and opportunities. Preparation for one of the most significant risks to these institutions, unfortunately, is not as prominent. Reputational risk is emerging as a top risk for colleges and universities due to its increasing likelihood, quickness to spread, and the high impact such a risk can have on an institution. This article assesses ERM practices at colleges and universities, describes reputational risk factors, and provides the best practices for identifying, prioritizing, and mitigating reputational risks.
ERM in Higher Education
Higher education institutions have historically been slow to adopt ERM policies and practices. However, over the past few years this has changed with 70% of institutions reporting a formal ERM process and structure in place in 2017. Board integration in the ERM process is also reportedly increasing as 69% of surveyed institutions in 2017 say that they are discussing institutional risk to the full board. Though this increase is promising, much of the responsibility of discussing risk is still falling on the audit committee with only 14% of institutions having board risk committees.
When addressing who is responsible for leading ERM within these institutions, the responses vary. Approximately 40% of respondents believe the responsibility falls on the CFO or the Chief Administrative officer and another 19% believe the responsibility falls on one of these two and is shared with another senior leader. Assigning responsibility for ERM and reputational risk is task that should be taken with great consideration as university leadership is highly scrutinized and individuals in these roles often are connected to the root causes of reputational risk events.
Reputational Risk in Higher Education
The top four reputational risks in the past three years are identified, and described by their risk factors, in descending order.
 1. Campus Climate
 1. Diversity and inclusion of student body
 2. Diversity and inclusion of senior management
 3. Controversial speakers
 2. Sexual Assault/Title IX
 1. Prevention and response to student-on-student sexual assault
 2. Title IX compliance
 3. Academic Programs
 1. Quality and integrity of academic programs
 2. Quality of students and faculty
 3. Faculty conduct
 4. Integrity of researchers and federal grant administrations
 4. Student Behavior
 1. Greek organizations
 2. Campus safety
 3. Student mental health
 4. Inclusion of international students
Going forward, the top three reputational risks of the future were identified as:
 1. Business Model
 2. Sexual Assault/Title IX
 3. Campus Climate
Interestingly, the top reputational risk that institutions believe they face in the future is sustaining the business model of universities and colleges. High tuition, large tuition discounts, and diminishing state support are all factors that test the viability of the current business model.
Managing Reputational Risks in Higher Education
When managing reputational risks, it is essential to take guidance from the ERM framework, especially the governance and culture aspects. To successfully manage their reputational risks, higher education institutions must build their governance and culture to set the tone at the top, engage leaders in risk management, enforce accountability, and demonstrate desired behaviors surrounding reputational risk. Identifying, assessing, and managing reputational risks can help ensure that when reputational risk events occur, the impact is less devastating.
Institutions can take steps to promote the identification of reputational risks by allocating resources and developing capabilities relating to the specific management of these risks. The connection between managing reputational risk and high performing institutions is a key indicator that spending energy and resources on reputational risks is more than worth the costs. High performing institutions are more likely to have a formal ERM process and structure, to proactively manage reputational risk, to know when a reputational risk event has occurred, and have a better understanding of reputational risk outcomes. However, despite this preparedness, only 57% of high performing institutions believe that they can withstand a major reputational risk event.
Best Practices for Managing Reputational Risks
There are seven key practices to best manage reputational risks.
 1. Understand the institution's current reputation through social media mentions and rankings in guidebooks.
 2. Assess the culture of the institution and make clear the mission and values of the institution.
 3. Assigned ownership of the institution's reputational risks and create specific line of communication between leaders.
 4. Consider the institution's programs, people, or areas that are highly esteemed and perceived to be above the rules.
 5. Obtain a collection of all risks and understand how non-reputational risks may affect reputational risks.
 6. Communicate the risk portfolio and mitigation plans with the Board on a regular basis, conveying the resilience of the institution should a risk event occur.
 7. Create and maintain a risk monitoring system to proactively identify potential risk events.
While colleges and universities are making progress in terms of establishing ERM policies and practices, there is still a gap in the preparedness of institutions and the probability of reputational risk events occurring. Even more concerning is the devastating impact that reputational risk events have on institutions. To improve their preparedness for such events, and promote long-term success, institutions should move toward governance, culture, and practices that help identify, prioritize, and manage reputational risks.
Link: United Educators "ERM and Reputational Risk: More Talk Than Action?"
Read ERM articles as soon as we post them
Keep up-to-date with current developments in ERM. Subscribe to the ERM Newsletter.
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ERM Enterprise Risk Management Initiative 2019-02-21


text:
We are currently looking for an experienced Office Admin for a full time, direct hire position in the Annapolis, MD area. Position is available to start immediately.
- Answers and directs telephone calls.
- Processes mail.
- Performs clerical tasks such as typing, filing, copying and faxing.
- Orders supplies for the office.
- Maintains and updates various databases.
- Provides administrative support to Contract, Project and Office managers.
- Processes transmittals, submittals, purchase orders, change orders.
- Accounts Payable and account reconciliations.
- Verifies and processes invoices, maintains vendor files.
- Orders plans and tracks status.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities required:
- Knowledge of standard accounts payable policies and procedures.
- Ability to understand and interpret vendor invoices, statements, and other request for payments.
- Ability to process computer data and format and generate reports.
- Strong communication and interpersonal skills.
- Knowledge of general accounting principles.
- Microsoft Word, Excel, and Outlook.
- Timberline Accounting Software
Please apply for immediate consideration. Thank you!


text: BACKGROUND : Pituitary apoplexy may occur when a large tumor compresses or outgrows its nutrient supply, resulting in ischemic necrosis and hemorrhage. Although once deemed a neurosurgical emergency, increasing evidence suggests that conservative management of pituitary apoplexy leads to favorable neuro-ophthalmologic and endocrinologic outcomes as well. Spontaneous remission after pituitary apoplexy has been described in functioning pituitary adenomas, but it is a rare occurrence in nonfunctioning tumors. METHODS : We report a man that presented with pituitary apoplexy of a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma that was managed conservatively and treated hormonally for hypopituitarism during a 2-year follow-up period, with serial neuroimaging demonstrating significant tumor volume reduction with almost complete resolution resulting in partial empty sella. In addition, a short literature review was performed pertaining to the management of pituitary apoplexy with emphasis on a more conservative approach. CONCLUSIONS : A subset of patients with pituitary apoplexy without altered consciousness and nonprogressive or mild ophthalmologic deficits may be managed conservatively; however, lifelong periodic assessment, preferably by a specialized multidisciplinary pituitary team, is essential until clinical outcomes become clear.


Menstrual Cycle Carbohydrate Craving
What Causes Menstrual Cycle Carbohydrate Craving?
Menstrual cycle carbohydrate craving can have various causes, ranging in severity from 'worrying' to 'needs attention'. Finding the true cause means ruling out or confirming each possibility – in other words, diagnosis.
Diagnose your symptoms now!
 - understand what's happening to your body
 - learn what you should be doing right now
 - identify any nutritional deficiencies
Diagnosis is usually a complex process due to the sheer number of possible causes and related symptoms. In order to diagnose menstrual cycle carbohydrate craving, we could:
 - Research the topic
 - Find a doctor with the time
 - Use a diagnostic computer system.
The process is the same, whichever method is used.
Step 1: List all Possible Causes
We begin by identifying the disease conditions which have "menstrual cycle carbohydrate craving" as a symptom. Here are two possibilities:
 - Hypoglycemia
 - Mineral Need
Step 2: Build a Symptom Checklist
numb/burning/tingling extremities
regular bizarre dreams
heart racing/palpitations
afternoon coffee/sugar craving
poor bodily coordination
anxiety related to menstrual cycle
adverse reaction to delayed meals
indoor allergies
frequent confusion/disorientation
fatigue slightly reduced by eating
a high-stress lifestyle
... and more than 20 others
Step 3: Rule Out or Confirm each Possible Cause
A differential diagnosis of your symptoms and risk factors finds the likely cause of menstrual cycle carbohydrate craving:
Cause Probability Status
Mineral Need 90% Confirm
Hypoglycemia 71% Possible
* This is a simple example to illustrate the process
Arriving at a Correct Diagnosis
If you indicate being premenopausal or being perimenopausal, The Analyst™ will ask further questions including this one:
Do you have a sugar, chocolate or carbohydrate craving associated with your cycle?
Possible responses:
→ No / don't know
→ Occasionally / moderate
→ Often / severe
Based on your response to this question, which may indicate carbohydrate craving during cycle, The Analyst™ will consider possibilities such as:
Concerned or curious about your health? Try The Analyst™
Symptom Entry
Symptom Entry
Full Explanations
Optional Doctor Review
Review (optional)


one.
This reasoning behind lock-down in South Africa is only valid for those who have medical aid and access to private hospitals. And yes, many of those who have medical aid will die from COVID-19 or its complication because they are unable to access the limited medical resources. Many of these would have been valuable contributors to society and it is really awful.
Still, all of us are now more likely to die or get seriously ill due to a compromised immune system directly caused by the regulations and side-effects of lock-down.
Is there a better way?
We should be planting 'victory gardens', learn how to make night soil have the military guide us all in exercise classes, help to improve hygiene and spread messages of hope and love.


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Presumably you have business logic that relates to how you process data in the DB. That data is likely to be table based and the tables are likely to be per business entity.
For example, there might be a table that holds details of customer accounts. Therefore all business logic pertaining to creating, maintaining, validating, listing, etc. of customer accounts would exist in the package PKG_ACCOUNTS.
Without knowing how granular or generic your procedures are trying to be its hard to see how you would need something more that that. That sort of approach, with packages covering logic that can apply to multiple objects, has always worked very well for me.
Perhaps some examples would help if you don't see that this is sufficient.


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FRIENDS for Life
FRIENDS for Life is an evidence-based prevention program proven to be effective in building emotional resilience and teaching strategies that are practical and useful for coping with times of worry and change. These are important skills that can help children cope with stress, which they can use throughout their life.
The FRIENDS program was developed by Dr. Paula Barrett, a clinical child psychologist in Australia, and is being used in schools and clinics around the world. FRIENDS normalizes the emotional state of anxiety and promotes self-confidence in dealing with difficult or anxiety provoking situations. It helps children acquire important life skills, which include:
- Awareness of their feelings
- Relaxation skills
- Problem-solving skills
- How to face feared situations gradually
- Building peer support
- Identifying positive role models
- Looking for pleasant events
- Positive thinking skills
- Use of positive self-talk
- Self-rewards for being brave
- Evaluation of performance in terms of effort and partial success
When: Please contact the Parenting Program Coordinator at _PHONE_ for information about when the next group will be held.
For information or registration, contact the Parenting Program Coordinator at _PHONE_ or by email at _EMAIL_. A complete schedule of upcoming parenting courses is available on our Schedule of Current Events.


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The Truth Behind 'Go Ask Alice'
Aug. 3, 2022 – If you grew up in the 1970s and 1980s, chances are high you're familiar with Go Ask Alice.
What was then said to be the real diary of a 15-year-old promising teen turned drug addict was released in 1971 as a cautionary tale and has since sold over 5 million copies. The diary was harrowing against the backdrop of the war on drugs and soon became both acclaimed and banned from classrooms across the country.
Schools citied "inappropriate" language that "borders on pornography" as grounds to prohibit teenagers from reading Alice's story. But as much as the book's vivid writing offended readers, it drew millions in with its profanity and graphic descriptions of sex, drugs, and mental health struggles.
At the time, TheNew York Times reviewed the book as "a strong, painfully honest, nakedly candid and true story … a document of horrifying reality," but the popular diary was later found to be a ploy – a fake story written by a 54-year-old Mormon youth counselor named Beatrice Sparks.
Now, Sparks, who died in 2012, has been further exposed in radio personality Rick Emerson's new book, Unmask Alice: LSD, Satanic Panic, and the Imposter Behind the World's Most Notorious Diaries. Emerson published the exposé in July, years after he had the idea to investigate Sparks's work in 2015. The book details Sparks's background, her journey in creating Alice, and her quest to be recognized for the teen diary she had published as "Anonymous."
"After 30 years of trying, Beatrice Sparks had changed the world. And nobody knew it," Emerson told the New York Post.
In his work, Emerson also dives into the profound impact of the diary at a time when not as much research existed on teen mental health.
When the teenager whose diary inspired Sparks's writing "died in March 1971, the very first true study of adolescent psychology had just barely come out," Emerson said to Rolling Stone. "Mental health, especially for young people, was still very much on training wheels."
According to Emerson, a lack of insight into mental health issues allowed Sparks's description to go relatively unchallenged and for the book's influence to spread despite its misinformation.
"It's indisputable that large sections of 'Go Ask Alice' are just embellished and/or false," he told the Post.
Then vs. Now
When Go Ask Alice was published, child psychiatry and psychology literature contained relatively few references to depression, confirming a 2021 analysis of academic literature on childhood and adolescent depression from 1970 to 2019.
This landscape is in stark contrast to today, where thousands of studies on the topic have been done, compared to the mere dozens in the 1970s.
Anxiety and depression in minors have increased over time, a trend worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the CDC. Studies have shown that reported drug use in teens has decreased over time, proving significant during the pandemic, according to the National Institutes of Health.
While Alice from Go Ask Alice has not existed in either, comparing the two periods can offer insight into teens' struggles in the 1970s vs. today and sheds light on how literature – fiction or faked fiction – can transform a nation.


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A garden path needs to take you where you're going, but it can do so much more if properly designed.
A path should enhance the experience of your garden, says Darcy Daniels of Bloomtown Garden Design and Nursery. The route of the path, the materials used to make it, the plantings along its sides and its scale all combine to send a message about the experience you want to have in your garden.
A straight path, for example, allows people to move more quickly and might be fitting for the connection between the house and the everyday dining area. You'll also want to cover this area with smooth materials so you don't trip while balancing plates of food.
On the other hand, a path with sinuous curves and a somewhat uneven surface will cause people to move more slowly and appreciate the journey. If there's no room for curves, Daniels suggests using screens or a trellis to break up the space; you can "green" them with climbing plants.
Repeat plants or colors along the path to lure the eye forward and create continuity. For example, says Daniels, place a beautiful grass on one side of the path, then a bit farther down the path, an identical grass on the opposite side, and so on.
Placing a taller plant -- say a hydrangea -- at the inside of a curve will help obscure the view and provide a bit of discovery as you walk along.
Many designers recommend that paths be at least 3 feet wide, but Daniels doesn't abide by such rules. Instead, she recommends that you keep your path in scale with the garden and your plantings.
Now that your head is full of these general concepts, Daniels suggests that you stand back and look at the space:
- How will the trees develop over time?
- Consider the existing hardscape, buildings and plants that you are working with.
You also need to consider function:
- The path has to get you to such places as the back gate and the compost pile, for example, so it has to be practical for the purpose.
Now pull out all of your garden hoses and start defining your path:
- Outline the path's route and leave it in place for a few days.
- Walk the path as you use the garden -- take the trash out, go to your favorite sitting area, take the wheelbarrow for a spin.
- You might even want to put empty pots or other objects along the path where you intend to place plants.
Again, think about the experience:
- Is this section going to have lush plantings and a jungle-like effect?
- What does that mean for the path?
- Adjust the hoses until you're comfortable with the route and width of the path.
NEXT WEEK'S BLOG: We'll start the real work of building a path yourself. In the meantime, if you've got some design tips to share, please post a comment here.
-- Kay Balmer; _EMAIL_


text:
, do so without understanding that such questions can never be extracted from history.
To judge the dead may give some comfort to the living, but no matter how fervently the misdeeds of previous generations are condemned, they cannot be undone. Therefore, whatever justice we seek to do here and now, let it be done to right the wrongs of the present – not the past.
We fair-skinned Polynesians are not – and can never be – "Europeans". Just as contemporary Maori are not – and can never be again – the Maori who inhabited these islands before colonisation. Both of us are the victims of historical forces too vast for blame, to permanent for guilt.
And both of us have nowhere else to go.
This essay is exclusive to the Bowalley Road blogsite.


text:
New rope bridges helping to save endangered Golden langurs in India22/11/2012 23:19:46 Connecting canopies - ropeways to save the endangered langurs - Courtesy of The Wildlife Trust of of India
November 2012: As humans make an ever increasing indelible mark on the work, wildlife is constricted into smaller and small, and more and more fragmented habitats. In a few places, some allowance is now being made for the needs of wildlife when major obstacles are constructed. Wildlife over and under passes are becoming more common on major roads, fish ladders have been around for many years, and ropeways, already in use in Africa and Australia, have now been installed in a small corner of India to allow endangered Golden langurs to cross a large highway.
Golden langurs - endemic to the Indo-Bhutan region, have been using ropeways to safely cross a 500-m stretch of road near Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS). The stretch of road had claimed numerous golden langurs in the last few years, but since the installation of the ropeways in January this 2012, no death due to accidents on the road has been reported.
On the northern boundary of Chakrasila, the 500-m road separates the sanctuary from plantation forests used by the resident langurs as an extension of their habitat. The langurs were compelled to descend on to the ground and cross the road risking accidents, attacks by feral dogs or even poaching.
"Golden langurs are essentially arboreal and are not agile on ground. What we know is that there were 10 cases of these magnificent animals killed in this stretch since 2005 as per our records. Who knows how many cases went undetected, or how many other individuals lost to other causes due to this fragmentation," said Dr Bhaskar Choudhury of the International Fund for Animal Welfare - Wildlife Trust of India (IFAW-WTI).
As part of their Greater Manas Conservation Project, the Bodoland authorities and IFAW-WTI initiated a Rapid Action Project (RAP) in January this year to help save the langurs. Ropeways of bamboo and ropes were created and strategically placed between canopies of trees in areas regularly used by the langurs to cross over. These ropeways were placed at a height of 60 m from the ground.
"Initially, understandably the langurs hesitated to use these bridges. But now they appear to have been habituated and are frequently seen to use them," said Dr Panjit Basumatary, IFAW-WTI veterinarian who brought the issue to light.
"This shows the extent of fragmentation of natural habitats and the difficulties faced by wildlife. Nothing would be better than natural contiguous canopy, but such interventions are becoming more and more common and the only way out in many of the cases," said primatologist Mayukh Chatterjee.


Phase plane
From formulasearchengine
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Template:Differential equations
In applied mathematics, in particular the context of nonlinear system analysis, a phase plane is a visual display of certain characteristics of certain kinds of differential equations; a coordinate plane with axes being the values of the two state variables, say (x, y), or (q, p) etc. (any pair of variables). It is a two-dimensional case of the general n-dimensional phase space.
The phase plane method refers to graphically determining the existence of limit cycles in the solutions of the differential equation.
The solutions to the differential equation are a family of functions. Graphically, this can be plotted in the phase plane like a two-dimensional vector field. Vectors representing the derivatives of the points with respect to a parameter (say time t), that is (dx/dt, dy/dt), at representative points are drawn. With enough of these arrows in place the system behaviour over the regions of plane in analysis can be visualized and limit cycles can be easily identified.
The entire field is the phase portrait, a particular path taken along a flow line (i.e. a path always tangent to the vectors) is a phase path. The flows in the vector field indicate the time-evolution of the system the differential equation describes.
In this way, phase planes are useful in visualizing the behaviour of physical systems; in particular, of oscillatory systems such as predator-prey models (see Lotka–Volterra equations). In these models the phase paths can "spiral in" towards zero, "spiral out" towards infinity, or reach neutrally stable situations called centres where the path traced out can be either circular, elliptical, or ovoid, or some variant thereof. This is useful in determining if the dynamics are stable or not.[1]
Other examples of oscillatory systems are certain chemical reactions with multiple steps, some of which involve dynamic equilibria rather than reactions that go to completion. In such cases one can model the rise and fall of reactant and product concentration (or mass, or amount of substance) with the correct differential equations and a good understanding of chemical kinetics.[2]
Example of a linear system
A two-dimensional system of linear differential equations can be written in the form:[1]
which can be organized into a matrix equation:
where A is the 2 × 2 coefficient matrix above, and x = (x, y) is a coordinate vector of two independent variables.
Such systems may be solved analytically, for this case by integrating:[3]
although the solutions are implicit functions in x and y, and are difficult to interpret.[1]
Solving using eigenvalues
More commonly they are solved with the coefficients of the right hand side written in matrix form using eigenvalues λ, given by the determinant:
and eigenvectors:
The eigenvalues represent the powers of the exponential components and the eigenvectors are coefficients. If the solutions are written in algebraic form, they express the fundamental multiplicative factor of the exponential term. Due to the nonuniqueness of eigenvectors, every solution arrived at in this way has undetermined constants c1, c2,... cn.
The general solution is:
where λ1 and λ2 are the eigenvalues, and (k1, k2), (k3, k4) are the basic eigenvectors. The constants c1 and c2 account for the nonuniqueness of eigenvectors and are not solvable unless an initial condition is given for the system.
The above determinant leads to the characteristic polynomial:
which is just a quadratic equation of the form:
("tr" denotes trace) and
The explicit solution of the eigenvalues are then given by the quadratic formula:
Eigenvectors and nodes
The eigenvectors and nodes determine the profile of the phase paths, providing a pictorial interpretation of the solution to the dynamical system, as shown next.
Classification of equilibrium points of a linear autonomous system.[1] These profiles also arise for non-linear autonomous systems in linearized approximations.
The phase plane is then first set-up by drawing straight lines representing the two eigenvectors (which represent stable situations where the system either converges towards those lines or diverges away from them). Then the phase plane is plotted by using full lines instead of direction field dashes. The signs of the eigenvalues will tell how the system's phase plane behaves:
 - If the signs are opposite, the intersection of the eigenvectors is a saddle point.
 - If the signs are both positive, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system diverges away from, and the intersection is an unstable node.
 - If the signs are both negative, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system converges towards, and the intersection is a stable node.
The above can be visualized by recalling the behaviour of exponential terms in differential equation solutions.
Repeated eigenvalues
This example covers only the case for real, separate eigenvalues. Real, repeated eigenvalues require solving the coefficient matrix with an unknown vector and the first eigenvector to generate the second solution of a two-by-two system. However, if the matrix is symmetric, it is possible to use the orthogonal eigenvector to generate the second solution.
Complex eigenvalues
Complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors generate solutions in the form of sines and cosines as well as exponentials. One of the simplicities in this situation is that only one of the eigenvalues and one of the eigenvectors is needed to generate the full solution set for the system.
See also
External links
fr:Méthode du plan de phase pl:Metoda płaszczyzny fazowej ru:Метод фазовой плоскости


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Modelling Language Implementation on ADOxx
In this section we focus on the implementation of the model structure/modelling language in ADOxx. As a starting point the specification and definition of a modelling method, as defined in [Karagiannis2002], is used to set the modelling language in context with the modelling procedure, mechanisms and algorithms, resulting in a modelling method. In the following subsections we focus on the modelling technique, more precisely on the modelling language consisting of:
- Notation: the representation of a modelling construct (e.g. graphical)
- Syntax: the specification of a modelling construct
- Semantic: the definition of the meaning for a modelling construct
A modelling construct can be a (concrete) class, relation class, modeltype or attribute.
Generic Modelling Method Framework
Peforming a further drill-down into the modelling language, the following concepts are of interest from an implementation perspective:
- Classes and Relations: as the base modelling constructs for every modelling toolkit
- Attributes on Instance and Class Level: to provide means to specify instance objects or define classes accordingly.
- Special Attributes on Instance and Class Level: to enable ADOxx specific functionality, such as attribute-dependent graphical notation.
- Attribute facets: configuration of attribute appearance and behaviour
- Modeltypes and model type attributes: similiar as for classes and relations on the model type level.
Meta Model of Meta Modelling Language
Karagiannis, D., Kühn, H.: „Metamodelling Platforms". In Bauknecht, K., Min Tjoa, A., Quirchmayer, G. (Eds.): Proceedings of the Third International Conference EC-Web 2002 – Dexa 2002, Aix-en-Provence, France, September 2002, LNCS 2455, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p. 182 ff.
Available online at _URL_
Kühn, H. (2004). Methodenintegration im Business Engineering. PhD Thesis, University of Vienna


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Redevelopment of Catalunya Square
- El Masnou
Roger de Flor Street, the old riverbank, acts as a connection axis between Vallmora Park and the beach. The redevelopment project of this axis is based on the idea of merging these two contexts (sea and mountain) through a draining mixed pavement, large landscaped tree pits and coloured chairs with different inclinations reminiscent of beach hammocks.
The project proposes the recovery for public and recreational use of the residents of a street invaded by cars and garbage collection and an underused square due to its slopes. It is proposed to eliminate all visual and accessibility obstacles (wall that separated the square from the passage of vehicles, sidewalks, stairs,...) preserve and integrate the existing vegetation (banana trees and palmettos) and convert the street into a pedestrian zone integrating the square with a slight curb that saves the existing slopes. It is also recovered the riverside gate that was boarded up and used to protect the adjacent streets from flooding.
The intervention has allowed to recover the crossed visuals between the streets and the square, getting a sense of open space and a naturalized environment. This much friendlier environment has to invite neighbors to occupy and enjoy a public space much more designed for people than for vehicles.
The new trees are proposed as large boxes of resistant plant soil that allows optimal root growth and helps to store rainwater and reduce the flow of water to public networks.
3 day ago
César Portela, Medalla de Oro de la Arquitectura
1 month ago
El Bosco Verticale de Barcelona
1 month ago


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Environmental Conditions Can Influence Development of Dermo Disease in Oysters
A recent NCCOS-sponsored study by the Smithsonian Institution showed that long-term exposure to daily fluctuations of hypoxia (low dissolved oxygen) increased Dermo disease (Perkinsus marinus) infection in previously uninfected eastern oysters. Surprisingly, daily-cycling pH (a measure of acidity) did not affect Dermo disease infection levels in conjunction with daily-cycling hypoxia or with continuous normal oxygen levels when compared to non-daily-cycling pH treatments. As it turns out, daily-cycling pH may actually improve the immune response of oysters. Counts of oyster immune system cells indicate that daily-cycling pH stimulates the oyster immune system. By contrast, daily-cycling hypoxia conditions suppressed immune function, supporting findings of higher disease infection under severe daily-cycling hypoxia.
These results suggest that coastal resource managers should consider daily-cycling environmental conditions in habitat restoration due to the possible population-level effects on organisms, including increasing disease. Climate change and estuarine eutrophication (nutrient loading that fuels overgrowth of algae) could potentially create such daily-cycling conditions that, if severe enough, could lead to an increased incidence of disease in estuarine organisms.
For more information, contact _EMAIL_.