text:
Nine organisations from five countries, namely, Greece, Turkey, Malta, Spain and Ireland formulated the project idea and established the SeaofSkills Consortium.
Four principles guided the formation of the Partnership:
The principles were specified through the following axes:
- Expertise on the identified cognitive areas covering the fisheries and the vocational education and training sectors.
- Track record on implementing activities through which scientific knowledge is applied in practice and positively impact stakeholders.
- Technical know-how in undertaking activities required for the implementation of the project.
- Experience and quality of work in conducting EU funded and/or nationally funded projects.
- Identified skills and competences in European Qualifications Framework (EQF) terms.
- Geographical coverage by creating a virtual arrow of co-operation starting from Turkey and Greece, going through Malta, Spain and Ireland, where systems are different but with the same interests, those of social wellbeing and prosperity, as well as development and economic growth.
- The level of closeness to the identified target groups, which facilitates the mapping of their needs, while assuring their engagement and subsequently the sustainability of the project's outcomes.
- Vision of contributing beyond the scope of the project towards bringing sustainable impact to relevant stakeholders and community at local, national, regional and European level.


text:
Contact : David Sharpe (Project Leader)
This project aims to assess several regional key aquifers and add to the national inventory of studied aquifer systems in Canada (~30%). This goal will advance knowledge in 4 areas of the country, including complete flow characterization of individual aquifers to delineation of regional hydrostratigraphic units. This effort will produce groundwater quantity and quality maps and contribute to the National Groundwater Database. The resulting groundwater understanding will help governments assess the quality and sustainability of key aquifers in making water / waste management decisions. Activities will include issues of trans-boundary groundwater supply and potential impact of climate change on groundwater resources.
- Several major aquifer systems will be mapped, and new understanding on aquifer flow will help ensure a clean and sustainable groundwater supply. This will close gaps in knowledge of groundwater resources in Canada.
- The project will operate in BC, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario with a one to three-year life span (2006-2009). New maps, databases and knowledge of key Canadian aquifers will assist agencies in improving groundwater management.
- Individual aquifer assessments will quantify recharge-discharge, sustainable yield, and groundwater quality at regional scales.
Aquifer systems in southern Ontario
Contact: David Sharpe (Leader)
This sub-project will provide a first-order assessment of aquifer types in three key settings in southern Ontario (valleys, basins, moraines). This groundwater mapping will be carried out in partnership with provincial municipal, conservation, and local authorities. Our approach is two-tiered.
- Synoptic-scale work will characterize key aquifer systems for a Canadian Groundwater volume at the regional, southern Ontario scale (e.g. scope settings and knowledge gaps as a framework for first-order assessment.
- Aquifer system-scale mapping focuses on assessing typical glacial aquifer systems as a template for characterizing and modelling similar settings across Ontario and Canada.
The goal is to develop a classification system for glaciated terrain, according to aquifer types and systems based on inter-project associations and inter-agency support.
Aquifer systems in southern Manitoba
Contact: Marc Hinton (Leader)
This sub-project will provide a first-order assessment of aquifers in the Sandilands and within buried valleys in Southern Manitoba. Specifically, this sub-project will
- assess groundwater recharge and flow in the Sandilands aquifer complex and
- search for buried valley aquifers in southwestern Manitoba and delineate confined aquifers in the Sandilands.
The first task will integrate existing data to develop a groundwater flow model for the studied portion of the Sandilands aquifer. The purpose of the model will be to constrain the estimates of regional groundwater recharge and flow through the aquifer complex. The second task will use surface and borehole geophysics to search for and delineate buried aquifers and to define stratigraphic relationships in Southern Manitoba. Current geophysical survey techniques will be adapted and further developed for application in the Canadian Prairies.
Paskapoo aquifer system
Contact: Steve Grasby (Lead)
This sub-project will provide a detailed assessment of the Paskapoo aquifer recharge system. Specifically the sub-project will
- assess groundwater depression focused recharge processes to the aquifer, and
- characterise how till chemistry overlying the aquifer influences recharge waters and ultimately controls geochemistry of the aquifer waters.
Task one will involve cooperative work with the University of Calgary on the West Nose Creek research basin, and task two will included geochemical characterisation of laurentian and cordilleran tills and better definition of the till boundary and how it relates to underlying groundwater geochemistry. Results will aid development of groundwater flow models and our understanding of natural variability in groundwater quality. This project has two key aspects:
- better define the thickness distribution of surficial materials and characterize them geochemically; and
- better define recharge rates and processes.
Aquifer systems in the Okanagan Basin
Contact: Steve Grasby (Lead)
This sub-project will provide a first-order assessment of aquifers in the Okanagan Basin, British Columbia, with a focus on the Kelowna area. Specifically the sub-project will:
- develop a 3-D hydrogeological framework of glacial-fluvial sediments which form the principal groundwater supply,
- characterise controls on groundwater chemistry, and
- provide public outreach through support of the Okanagan Waterscape Poster.
The hydrogeological model will be developed through field mapping and analyses of historic well data. Geochemical work will include new sampling of wells in cooperation with UBC Okanagan. The constructed 3-D geological model will be the basis for groundwater modelling that will allow decision makers to better plan development and groundwater usage in the region.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006
12. Marriage of a minor child to be void in certain circumstances.-
Where a child, being a minor-
a. is taken or enticed out of the keeping of the lawful guardian; or
b. by force compelled, or by any deceitful means induced to go from any place; or
c. is sold for the purpose of marriage; and made to go through a form of marriage or if the minor is married after which the minor is sold or trafficked or used for immoral purposes, such marriage shall be null and void.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I notice that we recently passed the 40th anniversary of the invention of the mobile phone. The telephone is now ubiquitous but you might be surprised at how quickly it arrived in Brisbane after its invention. Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated the first practical telephone in 1876 and published details in the Scientific American on 6 October 1877. The first experiments with telephones in Queensland were conducted at the Brisbane GPO on 26 January 1878 by W. J. Cracknell, Superintendant of Telegraphs. Cracknell was able to set up a demonstration of the telephones at the Exhibition in August of that year along with some other startling scientific exhibits as reported in the minutes of the National Association published in the Brisbane Courier.
That to Mr. W. J. Cracknell, Superintendent of Telegraphs, your committee are indebted for the promise of several highly interesting scientific exhibits at next month's exhibition, all of which are comparatively unknown in Queensland, viz.:
1. The electric light, to be displayed every evening.
2. Explosion of torpedoes in the creek running through Bowen Park, by means of electricity.
3.Telephones fitted up in the main building, and in the park, by which visitors may, at distant points from each other, converse through the medium of these wonderful instruments.
These early telephones could only be used for communication between two fixed points but January 1878 saw the opening of the first commercial telephone exchange which allowed multiple telephone users to be connected and made the instrument truly practical. Brisbane's first telephone exchange was set up at the GPO linking several Government offices in October 1880 and by 1881 there were 36 telephones connected including several private ones. By 1883 a continuous 24 hour service was being provided and 175 telephones were connected. The first country telephone exchange in Australia was opened in Maryborough in 1882 with 32 subscribers.
The first telephone exchanges employed message boys to operate the equipment, however, the boys quickly earned a reputation as inefficient, unruly and impertinent, and in an effort to improve customer service these first operators were replaced by women specifically employed for the job. In 1889 positions were advertised for thirteen telephone exchange switch-board assistants, at a salary of 10 shillings per week, 1671 young women applied. Mrs Dick was appointed as Supervisor.
Mrs William Heddle Dick, First Lady Superintendent of the First Telephone Exchange in the Colony of Queensland
Alterations were made to the building to allow for the employment of female operators, who worked from 8 am to 6 pm, the night shift being deemed unsuitable for female employment. An article published in The Queenslander and attributed to 'Delphia' provides a detailed description of the working environment of these early telephonists.
Group of the first female telephonists in Brisbane, Queensland started in June 1899
The new switchboard on the Telephone Exchange is now in working order; and the female operators are shaping to their novel experience in a manner that augurs well for their future utility, and for the increased convenience of the public service. Mrs. Dick, the lady superintendent, assisted by a monitress, has twelve operators under her charge. Perhaps a more capable-looking assemblage of young women could hardly be found In Brisbane; had the qualification been appearance only, instead of capability, they could well have stood the test. It is somewhat surprising, considering the small amount of salary offered, that such a refined and superior class of workers should have tendered their services, especially when. It is found that some of them come from a distance, as far as Ipswich even, and have to deduct travelling expenses from their earnings. They, no doubt, look upon the appointment as a beginning of better things, and anticipate future promotions in the Government service. It must also be borne in mind that, although they, have passed the necessary education tests, they are ignorant of the telephone duties, until patiently inducted into the method, under the personal supervision of Mr. Hesketh.
The girls enter their offices through a private door on the right hand of the Post Office lane, near Elizabeth-street. After ascending, two flights of narrow stairs, we find the lavatories on the right hand, with necessary fittings, and a comfortable little sitting-room on the left. Around the walls, convenient lockers are fitted up, a separate one, with lock and key, for each operator ; the open doors show a good arrangement for hanging hats and cloaks, and shelves for cups, lunch, books, &c.; outside, they look like wardrobes of polished Maryborough pine. One or two cane lounges, plenty of comfort-able chairs, a large table, and writing secretaire form part of the comfortable furnishings. In one corner a small gas stove is fitted, and a large kettle supplies hot water for the acceptable cup of tea at lunch time. The pretty light tint chosen for the wall colouring gives a brightness to the room and in every way possible in so small a space has the comfort of the girls when off duty been considered. Mrs. Dick is ever on the alert to see that the girls are relieved of duty for a time, when they feel the nervous strain too much, or when the incessant vibration tells upon their endurance. That there will be cause for watchfulness and anxiety in this respect a visit to the switchboard room will show. Such a babel of confused and subdued voices, in the strident, "are you-there" tone. The operators sit in chairs constructed upon pedestals to move slightly from side to side, so as to quickly operate upon the numbers from right to left. Each operator has 100 connections under her charge. To watch the incessant manipulation of the plugs, one would imagine that every telephone-owner spent a good part of his time with a transmitter at his mouth. Ten in the morning is the busiest hour, between 12 and 2 the switching slackens, and increase afterwards up to 4 o'clock.
Interior of Brisbane Central Telephone Exchange, Brisbane, Queensland, 1903
Each operator wears a leather band over the head, with a receiver pressed to the left ear and transmitter near the mouth. The indicators, at the top of the switchboard, rise and fall, showing the number which wants to be switched on. Below are the round holes, bearing the numbers of the telephones—one set called the questioning jacks, the other set the answering jacks. These are connected by plugs, and the connection is made as rapidly as possible. The work to a certain extent is mechanical, but needs the utmost smartness and dexterity, and will prove a trying test to nervous organisations. Being apparently such mechanical work, one is inclined to question the relevancy of such examination posers as the following, which appear on the papers submitted to the applicants as examination tests :—"State what you know of the Brisbane River under the following heads :—Source, course, affluents, outfall, basin, and watersheds." "Where in Queensland are sugar, wheat, coffee, arrowroot, and cocoa-nuts grown? Where are gold, copper, tin, opals, and pearlshell found?" "The side of a square paddock is 440 yards long. How many palings, each 4 In. wide, will be used in fencing the paddock?" Other arithmetic questions about papering walls, bags of marbles, thousands of oranges, barrels of ale, and boxes of matches, but not one question about modern science, the discovery and development of telephony, or reference to the life of Edison, or the principles of acoustics and the transmission of sound.
The operators look very business-like and comely in their uniforms of dark-blue serge and neat white collars and cuffs. The lady superintendent and monitress wear black. The hours are not heavy—altogether about eight hours a day, with relieving operators to take charge at intervals of rest. At present there are boys employed on the switchboard, as well as the girls, but Mr. Hessketh hopes to replace them in time by the women, and is very sanguine of good results.
Inside the Brisbane Central Telephone Exchange, ca. 1927
The work of the exchange operators continued in much the same fashion until the Brisbane exchange was switched over to an automatic exchange in 1929. Trunk operators were still required for interstate and international calls until a new type of automated exchange, the Crossbar system, allowed the introduction of Subscriber Trunk Dialling in the 1960s. The first Crossbar exchange in Australia was installed at Toowoomba in 1960. In 1963 a new eight story telephone exchange was planned for construction in Elizabeth Street, Brisbane.
Model of the new telephone exchange to be built on Elizabeth Street, Brisbane, 1963
The John Oxley Library holds several titles on the development of telephone exchanges. The Palace of winged words : the development of telephone exchanges in Australia published by Telecom Australia in 1980 and Resistance on the line : a history of Australian Telephonists and their Trade Unions, _PHONE_ by Jeff Rickertt.
Simon Miller – Library Technician, State Library of Queensland


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10 CFR 431.102 - Definitions concerning commercial water heaters, hot water supply boilers, unfired hot water storage tanks, and commercial heat pump water heaters.
The following definitions apply for purposes of this subpart G, and of subparts J through M of this part. Any words or terms not defined in this section or elsewhere in this part shall be defined as provided in section 340 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 6311.
Air-source commercial heat pump water heater means a commercial heat pump water heater that utilizes indoor or outdoor air as the heat source.
Basic model means all water heaters, hot water supply boilers, or unfired hot water storage tanks manufactured by one manufacturer within a single equipment class, having the same primary energy source (e.g., gas or oil) and that have essentially identical electrical, physical and functional characteristics that affect energy efficiency.
Coefficient of performance (COPh) means the dimensionless ratio of the rate of useful heat transfer gained by the water (expressed in Btu/h), to the rate of electric power consumed during operation (expressed in Btu/h).
Commercial heat pump water heater (CHPWH) means a water heater (including all ancillary equipment such as fans, blowers, pumps, storage tanks, piping, and controls, as applicable) that uses a refrigeration cycle, such as vapor compression, to transfer heat from a low-temperature source to a higher-temperature sink for the purpose of heating potable water, and has a rated electric power input greater than 12 kW. Such equipment includes, but is not limited to, air-source heat pump water heaters, water-source heat pump water heaters, and direct geo-exchange heat pump water heaters.
Direct geo-exchange commercial heat pump water heater means a commercial heat pump water heater that utilizes the earth as a heat source and allows for direct exchange of heat between the earth and the refrigerant in the evaporator coils.
Fuel input rate means the maximum measured rate at which gas-fired or oil-fired commercial water heating equipment uses energy as determined using test procedures prescribed under § 431.106 of this part.
Ground-source closed-loop commercial heat pump water heater means a commercial heat pump water heater that utilizes a fluid circulated through a closed piping loop as a medium to transfer heat from the ground to the refrigerant in the evaporator. The piping loop may be buried inside the ground in horizontal trenches or vertical bores, or submerged in a surface water body.
Ground water-source commercial heat pump water heater means a commercial heat pump water heater that utilizes ground water as the heat source.
(1) Has a rated input from 300,000 Btu/h to 12,500,000 Btu/h and of at least 4,000 Btu/h per gallon of stored water;
(2) Is suitable for heating potable water; and
(3) Meets either or both of the following conditions:
(i) It has the temperature and pressure controls necessary for heating potable water for purposes other than space heating; or
(ii) The manufacturer's product literature, product markings, product marketing, or product installation and operation instructions indicate that the boiler's intended uses include heating potable water for purposes other than space heating.
Indoor water-source commercial heat pump water heater means a commercial heat pump water heater that utilizes indoor water as the heat source.
Instantaneous water heater means a water heater that uses gas, oil, or electricity, including:
Rated input means the maximum rate at which commercial water heating equipment is rated to use energy as specified on the nameplate.
Residential-duty commercial water heater means any gas-fired storage, oil-fired storage, or electric instantaneous commercial water heater that meets the following conditions:
(1) For models requiring electricity, uses single-phase external power supply;
(2) Is not designed to provide outlet hot water at temperatures greater than 180 °F; and
(3) Does not meet any of the following criteria:
|Water heater type||Indicator of non-residential application|
|Gas-fired Storage||Rated input >105 kBtu/h; Rated storage volume >120 gallons.|
|Oil-fired Storage||Rated input >140 kBtu/h; Rated storage volume >120 gallons.|
|Electric Instantaneous||Rated input >58.6 kW; Rated storage volume >2 gallons.|
Standby loss means:
(1) For electric commercial water heating equipment (not including commercial heat pump water heaters), the average hourly energy required to maintain the stored water temperature expressed as a percent per hour (%/h) of the heat content of the stored water above room temperature and determined in accordance with appendix B or D to subpart G of part 431 (as applicable), denoted by the term "S"; or
(2) For gas-fired and oil-fired commercial water heating equipment, the average hourly energy required to maintain the stored water temperature expressed in British thermal units per hour (Btu/h) based on a 70 °F temperature differential between stored water and ambient room temperature and determined in accordance with appendix A or C to subpart G of part 431 (as applicable), denoted by the term "SL."
Storage-type instantaneous water heater means an instantaneous water heater that includes a storage tank with a storage volume greater than or equal to 10 gallons.
Storage water heater means a water heater that uses gas, oil, or electricity to heat and store water within the appliance at a thermostatically-controlled temperature for delivery on demand, including:
Tank surface area means, for the purpose of determining portions of a tank requiring insulation, those areas of a storage tank, including hand holes and manholes, in its uninsulated or pre-insulated state, that do not have pipe penetrations or tank supports attached.
Thermal efficiency for an instantaneous water heater, a storage water heater or a hot water supply boiler means the ratio of the heat transferred to the water flowing through the water heater to the amount of energy consumed by the water heater as measured during the thermal efficiency test procedure prescribed in this subpart.
Unfired hot water storage tank means a tank used to store water that is heated externally, and that is industrial equipment.


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2 August 2012 | EN | FR
Technology transfer is a priority for a new phase in China–Africa cooperation — but it needs the right direction, says Linda Nordling.
Africa can learn a lot from China's booming economy about how science and technology can help to boost development — a fact not lost on either party.
Technology transfer will be a key element of a new phase in the partnership between the two, which was agreed at the fifth Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) that took place in Beijing on 19–20 July.
But China's track record in Africa has some lessons for technology transfer that both sides need to consider to ensure their partnership proves equitable and profitable for more Africans.
Not so special zones
China's own economic ascent was fuelled by the establishment of special economic zones governed by laws that were more market-oriented than national laws — lower taxes, for example — in an effort to boost business and attract foreign investors. Such zones were often set up in close proximity to national centres of research excellence to encourage technology transfer.
In 2006, the FOCAC agreed to establish similar zones in Africa. Of the eight that have been approved so far, only one, located in Egypt, is operational. Another, in Zambia, is half-operational, and the others are still under construction or have yet to attract investors.
A policy brief published by the South African Institute of International Affairs before the Beijing forum identifies some of the barriers to the success of the zones. These include not only cultural and language barriers, but also a failure to locate African zones near local industrial and knowledge hubs.
The latter point is also made in a paper published last year by Deborah Brautigam, a China–Africa expert at the American University, Washington DC, and Tang Xiaoyang of the New School for Social Research, New York.
"There is no evidence that any of the host governments have made efforts to develop supplier programmes and other close links between the domestic private sector and the zones. Without this, the zones are likely to remain enclaves and the opportunities for technology and skills transfers will be lost," they write.
Foundations for skills
Other lessons come from successful technology transfer activities outside the flagship economic zones programme.
Chinese telecommunications companies such as Huawei and ZTE are riding on the crest of Africa's mobile telephony wave. ZTE is laying a fibre-optic backbone in Angola, and Huawei is laying a submarine cable for Libya. The companies are also expanding networks in Algeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa.
What qualifies this investment as technology-transfer success are the training centres both companies have established in Africa, which produce a local workforce that can operate the technologies and even develop new ones.
In this respect, China's investments in African telecoms differ significantly from other industries such as mining, where Chinese companies are often criticised for limiting the opportunities for technology transfer by excluding local entrepreneurs and labour.
The take-home message for Africa is that skills development goes hand in hand with successful technology transfer — and should be a key component of the China–Africa partnership.
Bamboo hits and misses
But success in technology transfer between China and Africa is not limited to big businesses. There are also lessons from grassroots initiatives.
For example, a Chinese method for making charcoal from bamboo has laid the foundations for a booming cottage industry in Ethiopia, where disastrous deforestation led to a government ban on wood charcoal.
About 2,000 Ethiopian farmers are growing bamboo for energy production, and the number of Ethiopian companies producing bamboo charcoal is growing steadily. China has benefited from sales of the processing machinery and by charging to train technicians and workers in Ethiopia.
But attempts to introduce the technology in Ghana have not been as successful, despite support from the government. The incentives for farmers and small businesses that made the technology a runaway success in Ethiopia are not yet there — Ghana's forests are still plentiful, and while deforestation is a problem, trade in wood charcoal remains legal.
There is no one-size-fits-all technology that will work in all African countries.
Money not the issue
These lessons should be heeded to make the most of technology transfer as China and Africa try to forge their latest partnership over the next three years.
There is certainly enough money changing hands to boost Africa's industrial competitiveness by transferring technology. In 2011, trade between China and Africa was worth a staggering US$166 billion. The Financial Times estimated that in 2009, 800 Chinese corporations were doing business in Africa.
But China has been criticised for doing business with corrupt regimes, not investing in local industrial capacity, and failing to create business opportunities for ordinary Africans.
Improved technology transfer performance would help China's reputation in Africa. It would also show that the 'dragon economy' is serious about wanting to build up African industry by applying lessons from its own rapid development.
Journalist Linda Nordling, based in Cape Town, South Africa, specialises in African science policy, education and development. She was the founding editor of Research Africa and writes for SciDev.Net, Nature and others.
 Alves, A.C. Chinese economic and trade co-operation zones in Africa: Facing the challenges. South African Institute of International Affairs, Policy Briefing 51 (2012)
 Brautigam, D., Tang Xiaoyang, African Shenzhen: China's special economic zones in Africa. Journal of Modern African Studies, 49, 27–54 (2011)
All SciDev.Net material is free to reproduce providing that the source and author are appropriately credited. For further details see Creative Commons.


text:
Microcalorimetry of Macromolecules: The Physical Basis of Biological Structures
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Other Available Formats: E-book
Examining the physical basis of the structure of macromoleculesproteins, nucleic acids, and their complexesusing calorimetric techniques
Many scientists working in biology are unfamiliar with the basics of thermodynamics and its role in determining molecular structures. Yet measuring the heat of structural change a molecule undergoes under various conditions yields information on the energies involved and, thus, on the physical bases of the considered structures. Microcalorimetry of Macromolecules offers protein scientists unique access to this important information.
Divided into thirteen chapters, the book introduces readers to the basics of thermodynamics as it applies to calorimetry, the evolution of the calorimetric technique, as well as how calorimetric techniques are used in the thermodynamic studies of macromolecules, detailing instruments for measuring the heat effects of various processes. Also provided is general information on the structure of biological macromolecules, proteins, and nucleic acids, focusing on the key thermodynamic problems relating to their structure. The book covers:
- The use of supersensitive calorimetric instruments, including micro and nano-calorimeters for measuring the heat of isothermal reactions (Isothermal Titration Nano-Calorimeter), the heat capacities over a broad temperature range (Scanning Nano-Calorimeter), and pressure effects (Pressure Perturbation Nano-Calorimeter)
- Two of the simplest but key structural elements: the α and polyproline helices and their complexes, the α-helical coiled-coil, and the pyroline coiled-coils
- Complicated macromolecular formations, including small globular proteins, multidomain proteins and their complexes, and nucleic acids
- Numerous examples of measuring the ground state of protein energetics, as well as changes seen when proteins interact
The book also reveals how intertwined structure and thermodynamics are in terms of a macromolecule's organization, mechanism of formation, the stabilization of its three-dimensional structure, and ultimately, its function. The first book to describe microcalorimetric technique in detail, enough for graduate students and research scientists to successfully plumb the structural mysteries of proteins and the double helix, Microcalorimetry of Macromolecules is an essential introduction to using a microcalorimeter in biological studies.
Buy Both and Save 25%!
Microcalorimetry of Macromolecules: The Physical Basis of Biological Structures (US $139.95)
-andStudent Companion to Accompany Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 4th Edition (US $88.95)
Total List Price: US $228.90
Discounted Price: US $171.67 (Save: US $57.23)


Clarification of Turin Judgment
by Laurie Kazan-Allen
In the aftermath of the Turin verdict of February 13, 2012 condemning asbestos defendants Stephen Schmidheiny and Jean-Louis de Cartier de Marchienne for their part in the asbestos deaths of thousands of Italians (see: Landmark Victory for Italian Asbestos Victims), many questions are being asked about the details of the 128-page ruling.
Lawyer Sergio Bonetto, who represented some of the Italian asbestos victims in this case, provided clarification regarding several issues of immediate concern. When asked whether the defendants would have to pay the damages awarded by the criminal court immediately, Bonetto said: "Formally they must pay. [However,] if they do not pay it is not directly the responsibility of the penal tribunal." He went on to explain that the civil parties could ask the civil tribunal to intervene to obtain immediate execution of the orders, but that the tribunal would have no direct way to proceed if there were no property to be seized in Italy. In that case, the Italian civil court would have to make recourse to civil courts in Belgium and Switzerland. How this would turn out was, he reflected, "very uncertain."
Responding to a question about the effect of this verdict on further civil proceedings and the timescale of future cases, Bonetto said: "For an effect of the penal decision on civil procedures, the decision has to be definitive. That means at the end of the three levels including appeal court and cassation [Supreme Court]; that means several years." However, he went on to point out that the decision had been very clear about the hazards that existed; which made civil proceedings "formally possible," provided the plaintiffs could prove that their diseases resulted from those self-same hazards. The significance of the judgement in lawyer Bonetto's view was that the judges sent out a clear message: putting others in danger was always a criminal act, showing disrespect for the law. If the defendants didn't pay anything it was entirely possible that the appeal court could impose even higher penalties than the lower court.
In the meantime, mobilization of the asbestos victims in Casale Monferrato and other towns which were part of the historic court case continues with a roundtable and press conference in Casale on February 14 followed by a general assembly two days later attended by 500+ members of the Association of Asbestos Victims' Families (Associazione Famigliari Vittime Amianto). A general assembly held today in Cavagnolo, another town contaminated by Eternit's asbestos, will ensure that efforts to secure justice for the victims, decontaminate affected towns and undertake medical research of asbestos-related diseases will continue.
February 22, 2012
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text:
Free Online Dictionary
|Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia||Download this dictionary|
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name, although zoologists use the term somewhat differently. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies. This name is no longer in use: it is now a synonym of the current scientific name which is Picea abies.
|See more at Wikipedia.org...|
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "synonym (taxonomy)", to help you become a better English speaker.
© This article uses material from Wikipedia® and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
|Wikipédia Français||Download this dictionary|
|Pour la suite, voir Wikipédia.org…|
© Cet article se sert du contenu de Wikipédia® et est autorisé sous les termes de la Licence de Documentation libre GNU
| synonym (taxonomy) in English | synonym (taxonomy) in French
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Cumbria Times
A Voice of the North
Jan Harris
Assistant Editor
4:00 AM 2nd April 2021
Easter Traditions: Good Friday
Good Friday is a Christian holiday celebrating the death of Jesus Christ on Calvary. It is the Friday at the end of Holy Week and two days before Easter Sunday, when Jesus rose from the dead. The day normally coincides with the Jewish Passover.
In some countries, including the UK, sometimes a single person or group of church members carry a large wooden cross, around the streets near the church, before the Good Friday service.
In most Anglican churches, there are no flowers or decoration in the church on Good Friday.
Again in 2021 with the coronavirus pandemic church services and Easter events have all been cancelled and events are happening via social media.
Why is Good Friday good?
Some sources believe it is 'good' because it is a holy day or even it was once called 'God's Friday'. In Germany the day is called Karfreitag or 'Sorrowful Friday'. In England another suggestion is that 'good' is often referred to as a day or season observed as holy by the Church.
Other names for Good Friday are Holy Friday, Great Friday, Black Friday or even Easter Friday.
Another reason for calling it 'good' is because even though it was a terrible day it had to happen for us to receive the joy of Easter.
Why do we eat hot cross buns?
photo - Aurellen Gulchard
photo - Aurellen Gulchard
Hot cross buns are seen in the shops in the run up to Easter. It is a tradition to eat them on Good Friday.
The buns are a combination of spicy, sweet and fruity flavours with the pastry cross on the top symbolising and reminding Christians of the cross on which Jesus died and the spices inside represent the spices used to embalm his body at burial.
Why eat fish on Good Friday?
The tradition goes back much further than chocolate eggs and the Easter bunny.
Christians believe Jesus was crucified on Good Friday and died for our sins and so millions of Christians don't eat meat on Good Friday and Catholics tend not to eat meat on any Friday.
Fish can be eaten as it comes from the sea and so it is regarded as a different kind of flesh.
What does the Christian fish symbol mean?
Apart from the cross the fish symbol is one of the most recognisable symbols of faith.
ἸΧΘΥΣ (ichthys) the fish symbol was used by Christians in the early Church as a secret symbol so they could recognise each other as they were persecuted by the Roman Empire. Fish was a common food of the day and many of Christ's followers were also fishermen.
The fish symbol is based on a Greek acronym which translates into English as 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour'.
So it's Friday but Sunday is coming!


The shrine of knowledge.
Deities & Heros >> Roman
mythical king, latium, deities, hellenic
Fauna and Faunus
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San Valentino: la vita del Santo protettore degli innamorati e patrono di Terni
Fauna's celebration was held on the first night of May. It was a hallowed event restricted to women, as the men honoured Fauna's masculine consort, Faunus, instead. More..
Of goats and men
Ancient Roman mythological belief includes a god named Faunus and a goddess named Fauna. Then there's the Greek equivalent of Faunas, Pan. He is connected to fertility and the season of spring, as well as theatrical criticism.
RAZARAJUĆI EFEKTI Stižu oluje, suše i poplave
Ulcinjska Solana u Veneciji


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Posted: 10:09 p.m. Thursday, May 31, 2012
What is a Diverging Diamond Interchange?
Diverging diamond interchanges are often used at intersections located beneath or above freeway bridges. At a diverging diamond interchange, traffic briefly crosses over to the left (opposite) side of the roadway, safely guided by traffic signals at each crossover. This allows vehicles to turn left onto freeway on-ramps without stopping and without conflicting with through traffic.
In other words, traffic is briefly routed to the opposite side of the road at an intersection. Because vehicles are now traveling on the left side of the road, they are one the same side of the road as freeway on-ramps and are able to take the freeway on-ramp or other exit without waiting in separate turn lanes as in traditional intersections. Through traffic simply travels through the intersection and switches back to the right side of the road after the intersection, all guided by roadway signs and markings.
Diverging diamond interchanges feature signs, striping, curbs, headlight glare screens and concrete barriers to guide and safely separate opposing traffic as it moves through the interchange.
Diverging diamond interchanges can move increased traffic more quickly and safely than traditional intersectionsand can often be constructed at a lower cost.
- Free, unsignalized left turns (onto freeway on-ramps, etc.) help reduce congestion
- Fewer signal phases and shorter wait at traffic lights by eliminating signalized left-hand turn lights. For example, the Moana Lane diverging diamond interchange in Reno will feature two signal phases as opposed to the previous three
- Diverging diamond interchanges often reduce by half the number of conflict points at which vehicles can potentially collide (by reducing potential crash points between vehicles turning left onto the highway and opposing arterial roadway traffic)
- Diverging diamond interchanges can be more cost and time-effective to build, as they often require less land and fewer potentially-costly changes to existing road structures
- Heightened pedestrian/bicyclist safety can be provided by designated, enclosed shared use paths built in the middle of the diamond interchange
- Makes wrong way entry onto freeway ramps extremely difficult
- Snow can continue to be removed/plowed in diverging diamond interchanges


1. Design your circuit using one or more decoders of your choice.
Both the input and output are signed numbers that are represented as indicated by the table below.
Determine the number of bits need for the output, when your input is a three bit signed number.
F(x) Input Output
F = 2x - 3 Two's Complement One's Complement
Note: Subtraction is the same as addition of the two's complement.
The two's complement is the bit-by-bit complement plus 1.
Ex. X - Y = X + ~Y + 1
Complement Y inputs to adder, set Cin to 1
For a borrow, set Cin to 0.
Want an answer?


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G.GCI.3 Constructing a Circumcenter
1) Use the POLYGON tool to construct a triangle. 2) Use the PERPENDICULAR BISECTOR (PB) tool to construct the PB's of this triangle's 3 sides. 3) Plot the intersection of these 3 perpendicular bisectors (circumcenter).
Construct a circle centered at the circumcenter that passes through any vertex of this triangle. Why does this circle pass through the other 2 vertices of this triangle?
When you're done (or if you're unsure of something), feel free to check by watching the quick silent screencast below the applet.


text: Linearization based controllers for incompressible flows have been proven to work in theory and in simulations. To realize such a controller numerically, the infinite dimensional system has to be linearized and discretized. The unavoidable consistency errors add a small but critical uncertainty to the controller model which will likely make it fail, especially when an observer is involved. Standard robust controller designs can compensate small uncertainties if they can be qualified as a coprime factor perturbation of the plant. We show that for the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, a linearization error can be expressed as a coprime factor perturbation and that this perturbation smoothly depends on the size of the linearization error. In particular, improving the linearization makes the perturbation smaller so that, eventually, standard robust controller will stabilize the system.


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Apr. 11, 2011 Timber! Cutting down a tree in a virtual forest can bring new ideas of conservation crashing down on you. If a tree falls in a virtual reality forest, will anyone hear an environmental message? They will, as long as they were the ones who cut down the make-believe redwood.
New findings from Stanford researchers show that people who were immersed in a three-dimensional virtual forest and told to saw through a towering sequoia until it crashed in front of them later used less paper in the real world than people who only imagined what it's like to cut down a tree.
"We found that virtual reality can change how people behave," said Sun Joo Ahn, whose doctoral dissertation outlines the findings. "That's the big result. When people are in virtual reality and going through the motions of actually cutting down this tree, it might make them feel more personally accountable or responsible for the damage that occurred."
Ahn's work is among the latest batch of studies to come from Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab. Led by Jeremy Bailenson, associate professor of communication, researchers in the lab are trying to better understand how advances in digital media like 3-D movies and interactive video games are affecting people's real-life experiences. And they want to know how those technologies can influence and change people's behavior.
"People want -- and are becoming more used to -- immersive media experiences," said Bailenson, co-author of the recently released book Infinite Reality: Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. "You're going to need more than an instructional video or a pamphlet to explain something that requires a change in behavior. You need to make people feel like they're literally engaged."
In one of her studies, Ahn had about 50 people read some information about how the use of non-recycled paper leads to deforestation.
She then had one group of subjects read an account of what happens when a chainsaw buzzes through a tree. The piece was rich with detail, describing the chirping birds in the forest, the sound and vibration of the saw and the snapping of branches that comes with the crash of the mighty redwood.
A second group of subjects didn't read the description, but instead were plunged into the virtual forest. Outfitted with a helmet-like device that cut off their vision from the real world and surrounded them with the sights and sounds of a computerized woodland, they felt like they were there.
Using a special joystick called a haptic device, the subjects were able to control the back-and-forth motions of the chainsaw that their virtual selves used to cut down the tree. As they sawed for about three minutes, the haptic device vibrated in their hands to simulate the feeling of the real thing.
Regardless of which group they were in, all the participants said they had a stronger belief that their personal actions could improve the quality of the environment compared to how they felt before they either read about tree cutting or chopped down an evergreen in the fake forest.
But when it came time to put that belief into practice, only the tree choppers cut their paper use.
Before letting them leave the lab, Ahn had the subjects in both groups sit at a desk and fill out some forms. She placed a stack of paper napkins and a glass of water on the desk and pretended to accidentally knock the glass over. The subjects reflexively grabbed napkins to clean the spill, and Ahn later counted how many were used.
Those who only read about logging used an average of 20 percent more napkins than the virtual lumberjacks.
"This study isn't all about trees," said Ahn, who will receive her PhD this summer and begin teaching as an assistant professor at the University of Georgia's Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication in the fall.
"It's about how we are able to use an immersive virtual environment to create a change in behavior in the physical world," she said. "We showed that just three minutes of an embodied experience could produce a behavioral result."
That implies that repeated or long-term exposure to virtual reality scenarios can produce even more dramatic results, she said.
And understanding that interplay between virtual and actual reality is at the heart of the work under way in Bailenson's lab. Long a proving ground for studies that show how interacting with an avatar can motivate someone to increase their retirement savings, exercise more or vote for a particular politician, the lab is going through a transformation of its own.
Expected to open by the end of April, a newly built space for virtual reality research will feature what Bailenson calls the world's most technologically advanced "multi-sensory room" -- an area that integrates sight, sound and touch into one immersive digital experience.
Test subjects will experience the virtual world with a head-mounted display that will give them complete peripheral vision and a 360-degree view of whatever landscape Bailenson and his researchers design. The room will have 24 speakers that mimic the movement of sound: Imagine watching a virtual bird flying by your eyes as the sound of its tweeting and chirping follows along.
"If you've seen a movie in a really state-of-the-art theater with great surround sound, this is like that -- but on steroids," Bailenson said.
The new lab will also feature a floor that moves and shakes, allowing researchers to duplicate the feel of earthquakes, approaching footsteps and explosions.
"The next time a tree crashes," Bailenson said, "it will shake your boots."
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To store the audit log in an additional third-party storage, to send a notification, or just monitor the "logged" events, implement an IAuditLogger with its single Log method and register it in the container (a name is required):
For more details on implementation, refer to the ElasticsearchAuditLogger GitHub project.
NOTE: The Log method is called synchronously during event handling, which means that the time your logging takes is added to the overall operation time (for example, to publishing an item). Plan carefully the performance implications and if needed, introduce some asynchronicity in your code. Alternatively, introduce an out-of-process message queue or a logging agent to ensure the quick completion of the operation.
To implement audit for your custom events or for Sitefinity's events not implemented out-of-the-box, either construct an AuditInfo instance and the Log method of all registered loggers:
Alternatively, register an event handler along with the corresponding converters as demonstrated by the following code:
To augment the logged event information, for instance loading additional information, implement an IAuditInfoProcessor with its single Process method and register it the container (the name is required).
Following is an example code that adds the display name of the current user (first name and last name) to each log entry:
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Discuss how the Hare Krishna movement is linked to the concept of Transcendental Meditation.
Asked on by rozenthalm
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akannan's profile pic
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Both concepts seek to use this life as a means to move closer to a supreme Being. For the Hare Krishna movement, the fervent and active devotion to Lord Krishna helps to move individuals in this life towards the realm of Krishna. This takes on the form of intense preaching and devotion to Krishna. The idea is that this life can be used to move one closer to the realm of the divine. Transcendental meditation occupies much of the same domain. In this concept, the individual seeks to surrender themselves in both body and mind to something larger than themselves. The concept of "transcendental" meditation indicates that meditation can be used to "transcend" what is here and what is in the present tense to submit into something larger, a configuration more wide ranging. In this, the concept is driven by the idea of seeking to move beyond what is in front of the individual and direct into a realm that is more embracing of this larger configuration. I think that this is where the two ideas might find convergence. Meditation is part of the Hare Krishna movement, but in a larger sense, both seek to connect the individual to something beyond themselves.
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bhawanipur | College Teacher | (Level 1) Valedictorian
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In Hindu religion, there are Vedas and the second part of it is called 'Nigama' consists 'Upanishads' and 'Aranyaka'. There are so many lessons on how to have control over our instincts and habits cuses harm to the body and others. Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa wrote them all. He thought that it would be difficult to remember them all and so he made out of them some short 'Sutras' which are called 'Vedanta Sutras'. They all refere to the creator of this universe and these lessons teach us to submit to Him fully with our body, mind and speech. Because these are the three thing in a human body which causes lot of trouble to others if not controlled or affected by the vices of others.
In later period, so many saints made illustration of these sutrasShankaracharya, Ramanucharya, Madhvacharya, Ballavacharya, Nimakacharya and so on. Hare Krishna Movement is spead by Prabhupad Abhayacharanabinda base on the last scripture written by Vyasa that is the Srimadbhagawatam and the Srimadbhagawatagita. Both of the scriptures tell us to submit to Lord Krishna who is the source of the energy of this universe who is the only generator, operator and destroyer of this universe. He is called 'Krishna' because whoever submit to Him blessed with happines. It teaches that one cannot get happines without surrendering to Him as He is the whole and sole of this universe. Real happines is assured in sacrifice of our bad habits rather than in aspiring more and more as he has bestowed everything to us what we need. It also teaches us to become self contented not greedy like the dogs, pigs, camels and donkeys.
In these scriptures it is also taught about the consequenses about afterlife. Hence transcendental meditation gives happines if done truely.
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Financial Instruments: Education Session — BdE Provisioning Model
Two representatives from the Bank of Spain (regulator of Spanish banks) presented the statistical provisioning approach which the BdE requires from entities regulated by them. The representatives explained that, in their opinion, the model incorporates losses incurred due to under-pricing of credit in times of boom in the lending cycle due to market over-optimism. The lending cycle per the model is closely correlated with the economic cycle as a whole.
The model is based on a statistical formula which incorporates an element of collective impairment relating to the point in the lending cycle ('alpha') and incurred losses relating to individual assets ('beta'). The alpha component is a collective assessment and applied to the change in the portfolio of assets at each date of assessment. Thus in times of boom in the lending cycle, the alpha component is high relative to the beta component, whereas this trend is reversed in times of slump as incurred losses relating to the general cycle are in effect transferred to individual assets; the alpha element can be negative, reflecting over-conservative pricing of credit. The representatives explained that they believe the advantage of the model is the early detection of credit losses.
The Bank has around 6 asset classes which it views as homogeneous, for each of which an alpha (effect on asset class of stage of the lending cycle) and beta (historical incurred losses relating to individual assets) are kept. In order to assess the lending cycle, the BdE holds data from the Spanish national credit register dating back to 1988 for each of the asset classes, which equates roughly to 2 full lending cycles. The representatives stressed that this is an incurred loss model as the inputs to the model are derived only from historic experience.
Board members asked questions around various aspects of the model. One member asked what approach the BdE takes for new products where there is little historic data. The representatives replied that this was not an issue that had caused much difficulty in Spanish banking given the relative absence of new products - for example, credit cards represented only around 1% of total lending in Spain. Another member pointed out that, for loans given out during periods of boom, the model effectively results in a large 'day 1'-type loss for lenders. The representatives replied that this was a necessary reflection of credit pricing in these times.
Another member asked whether BdE was aware of how much credit data other central banks held, and thus how practicable a system such as this would be for banks from other countries. The representatives replied that they were aware of some central banks holding extensive credit data; however it was unlikely that many would hold data in sufficient detail going back as far as 1988. Another board member asked whether, if an expected loss model were incorporated within IFRS, the bank would continue to use its model. The representatives replied that, in their opinion, it was possible to use the model to estimate expected losses, however it would be a relatively simple approach. The representatives agreed with board members' views that, were this model adopted more widely, more active involvement would be required from banking supervisors in assessing provisioning than is currently the case given the complex nature of the model and underlying data. The representatives put forward the view that, in times of economic difficulty such as the present time, banks would be less likely to voice the view that an approach such as their model would lead to competitive disadvantage. This had been their experience in Spain.
The chairman thanked the representatives for their presentation.


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Jun 13, 2023
11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Salle : Chambre Froide
How to build structuring partnerships with research?
Gaëlle Béral (INRAE Transfert, Chargée d'affaires Carnot Qualiment - Pôle microbiologie et alimentation humaine)Fiona Bourdoncle (Institut Carnot Plant2Pro, Chargée d'affaires - Agriculture Numérique et Systèmes de culture innovants)Camille Engler (INRAE Transfert, Chargée d'affaires - Pôle Production Animale)Alicia Perdrix (INRAE Transfert, Chargée de mission start-up)Nadège Roche (INRAE TRANSFERT - Carnot Qualiment, Chargée d'affaires)
Carnot are public research structures accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation for their commitment to conduct and develop an R&D activity for business innovation. 5 Carnot are managed by INRAE. Their objective is to increase the economic impact of the R&D actions carried out by their laboratories in partnership with companies. To achieve this objective, several means of research collaboration exist with Carnot and INRAE. Come to discover during the LFDay, the different modalities and the steps of contractualization, through examples of collaboration of companies with the Carnot Plant2Pro, Qualiment and France Futur Elevage as well as the InnoTech challenge, intended for young companies having scientific and technological barriers to be removed by research.


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Caring for Student Health
By Naomi Dillon
It makes perfect sense: If you don't feel well, you won't perform well. Professional athletes know this. Medical professionals know this. Moms and dads know this. And in an increasing number of public schools, district officials know it, too.
And many are doing something about it, in the form of more than 2,000 school-based health centers across the nation.
Known also by their acronym (SBHCs), these clinics take many shapes and forms, sometimes occupying a wing in a school building, a mobile unit on school grounds, or an old shuttered campus retrofitted as a modern medical facility. Most provide preventative and wellness care, although more are adding mental health, dental, and eye care services to their list of offerings.
"Lots of times, people like to describe them as a doctor's office, but often they are more comprehensive than that," says Linda Juszczak, executive director of the National Assembly on School-Based Health Care.
Numerous studies have shown that SBHCs can improve student health while lowering hospitalizations and Medicaid expenses. Several have noted sharp reductions in absenteeism and tardiness rates in schools where health centers exist. At least one study has determined that students who frequented the clinics for mental health services had higher grade point averages than those who didn't use the centers.
Meanwhile, a 2010 study published in the Journal of Community Health estimated that a nationwide school-based clinic program would cost $4.5 billion but save nearly $25 billion in medical and opportunity costs for missed work and premature death from asthma. That same year, as part of President Obama's health care reform bill, Congress appropriated $200 million for school-based health programs.
"It's a triumph of common sense," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan told the Denver Post last summer. "Schools should be the heart of the neighborhood. You're putting a critical, critical resource right there at the school building."
Juszczak says the federal government's support has sent the message "that the clinics are here to stay, that they are filling a role that's appreciated and essential in the communities that need them."
"That's changed the attitude that people have of these programs," she says.
Subscribers please click here to continue reading. If you are not a subscriber, please click here to purchase this article or to obtain a subscription to ASBJ.


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Hint: Let the lead coefficient be $a_n\ne 0$ and let the constant term be $a_0\ne 0$. Then the usual Rational Roots Theorem tells you that the list of candidates is limited to numbers of the form $c/d$ where $c$ divides $a_0$ and $d\ge 1$ divides $a_n$. To use it, one then, at least in principle, tests every candidate.
In your situation, the result is exactly the same. The list of candidates is limited to numbers of the form $ci/d$, with the same conditions on $c$ and $d$.
Remark: Breaking up into real and complex parts is very often a more efficient way of ruling out candidates. The point of the above answer is that the procedure provided by the Rational Roots Theorem can be word for word extended to our new situation. The proof is essentially the same as the usual proof of the Rational Roots Theorem.


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Link to publisher version (URL)
Over the years, there has been fierce debate about the definition of numeracy and literacy for Academic Language and Learning (ALL) practitioners and at times, we seem to work in parallel universes, but on reflection, we have more in common than is originally supposed. For students enrolled in mathematics courses in higher education, especially those in Education fac-ulties or schools, previous experience of studying mathematics does not al-ways equal competency with, and confidence in dealing with numeracy at tertiary level. McNaught and Hoyne (2011) argue that these concepts are co-dependent. Also, our diverse student population often struggles to achieve confidence and competency with academic language and literacy. This paper discusses our similar approach to teaching and learning where initially con-fidence is generated before challenges are issued and where explanation is privileged over discipline knowledge transference. Through our shared teaching in an ALL-focused program developed at our university, we are able to find common ground and greater understanding of each other's expertise.


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Tight Timings vs High Clock Frequencies
CPU MHz Benchmark Impact
As mentioned, the default speed for the Opteron 165 used in this article is 1800 MHz. It is, however, stable at speeds of up to 2600 MHz with a core voltage of 1.5 V, running a HTT speed of 290 MHz and the default multiplier of 9. The CPU probably has even more room to overclock if given better cooling.
We set the HTT base speed to 290 MHz and then changed the multiplier for every new test. The memory speed divider was kept at 1/1, eventually resulting in a 290 MHz memory clock frequency with CL2.5-4-3-7 timings.
We were not surprised to see that SuperPI and 3DMark01 are CPU speed dependent, but were hoping that Everest and SiSoft Sandra would care more about the consistent memory speed than about the changing CPU speed. In an attempt to increase the importance of system memory and decrease importance of CPU speed in the benchmarks, we disabled the L2 cache in separate runs. This resulted in roughly the same level of variance, though naturally with lower performance numbers.
By looking at the graphs, one could easily be fooled into believing that the effects of increasing the CPU clock frequency are bottlenecked by the 290 MHz memory speed at higher CPU speeds, because the performance increase shrinks as the CPU clock speed goes up. Keep in mind, though, that the CPU multipliers used are 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, which gives us actual clock frequency increases of 20%, 16.6%, 14.3% and 12.5%. In SuperPI, the resulting performance increases are 19%, 15.6%, 13.5% and 11.9%, so things do scale perfectly.
As for the Everest memory latency tests, the results have at least two different explanations. The latency at 2030 MHz was faster than expected, but we can't exactly nail down why this is the case. During testing, we ran into a number of irregular benchmark results when using certain multipliers and dividers, which perhaps has something to do with the asynchronous speeds sometimes resulting in better results. It could also be that the system memory actually is limiting the results, and that even if we could increase the CPU speed further, we might not get any lower latency out of the system than 37-40 ns.
 - jona1
 - spellbinder2050
 - HTT times Multiplier = CPU speed, the article is correct


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Disney photographer Gene Duncan stopped by Discovery Island at Disney's Animal Kingdom a few days ago during one of the training sessions for our Asian small-clawed otters that we do in front of our guests. The result: some incredibly cute photos that we wanted to share with you.
As regular Disney Parks Blog readers know, our animal keepers spend a lot of time training our animals—and it's lots of fun, but it has a serious side too. We do the training so we can take great care of our animals. For example, by teaching the otters to stand on their hind legs, our keepers can get a good view of the body as part of daily visual checks to see whether the animals appear healthy in between regular veterinary exams. In addition, training can help ensure that each animal gets the right amount of food, as offering food is one of the positive conditioning techniques the team uses to train the animals to voluntarily participate in their own care. Training also is used as enrichment to encourage the animals to exhibit their natural behaviors, which is mentally and physically healthy for them, but it enables guests to see the cool adaptations that help the animals survive as well.
The next time you visit Disney's Animal Kingdom, be sure to spend some time in Discovery Island with the animals that make their home there. In addition to the otters, you may come upon our animal keepers training animals as varied as lemurs, vultures and cotton-top tamarins. And be on the lookout for our education cast members, who share conservation and animal behavior messages about many of the animals—for example, did you know a flamingo eats with its head upside down?
More about Asian small-clawed otters:
- Asian small-clawed otters are the least aquatic of the otters. They spend most of their time on land, where they find resting spots such as reed nests, rock caves or burrows.
- The otters usually swim by paddling with all four limbs. Only the flat top of the head, nose, ears, eyes and rear part of the body is out of the water. When diving, however, the otter does not use the limbs, but uses powerful lateral wriggling motions and the tail to move through the water—similar to how a fish would swim.
- Asian small-clawed otters are vulnerable due to habitat loss. Many wetlands are in decline because of a lack of water. There are many ways that all of us can help by reducing our water usage at home: plant native plants, don't water the lawn unless needed, and don't let the water run while brushing your teeth.
Read on for more "Wildlife Wednesdays":
- Wildlife Wednesdays: Injured Whooping Crane Receives Care at Disney's Animal Kingdom
- Wildlife Wednesdays: Local Girl Scouts Join Cast Members for Third Annual Walt Disney World Holiday Bird Count – Over 16,000 Birds Counted
- Wildlife Wednesdays: New Antelope Species, the Springbok, on Kilimanjaro Safaris Savanna at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort


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A researcher has devised a method that attackers with control over a victim's computer can use to clone the secret software token that RSA's SecurID uses to generate one-time passwords.
The technique, described on Thursday by a senior security analyst at a firm called SensePost, has important implications for the safekeeping of the tokens. An estimated 40 million people use various SecurID tokens to access confidential data belonging to government agencies, military contractors, and corporations. Scrutiny of the widely used two-factor authentication system has grown since last year, when RSA revealed that intruders on its networks stole sensitive SecurID information that could be used to reduce its security. Defense contractor Lockheed Martin later confirmed that a separate attack on its systems was aided by the theft of the RSA data.
Last week's blog post by SensePost's Behrang Fouladi demonstrated another way determined attackers could in certain cases circumvent protections built into SecurID. By reverse engineering software used to manage the cryptographic software tokens on computers running Microsoft's Windows operating system, he found that the secret "seed" was easy for people with control over the machines to locate and copy. He provided step-by-step instructions for others to follow in order to demonstrate how easy it is to create clones that mimic verbatim the output of a targeted SecurID token.
"When the above has been performed, you should have successfully cloned the victim's software token and if they run the SecurID software token program on your computer, it will generate the exact same random numbers that are displayed on the victim's token," Fouladi wrote.
He arrived at that conclusion by reverse engineering the Windows software that allows SecurID users to make one-time passwords appear on their PCs, rather than on match-case-sized hardware tokens RSA provides. The cryptographic seed values at the heart of the SecurID system make it mathematically infeasible for others to predict the output that changes every 90 seconds or so, but only if the values remain secret.
RSA spokesman Kevin Kempskie told Ars: "It's not uncommon for a large software company like ours to see security researchers demonstrate theoretical attacks on a product. We have a really experienced product security team and we take these things very seriously and we're going to have them take a closer look at it."
Fouladi discovered that the RSA seed value is easy to obtain and copy by anyone with access to a computer that's lost, stolen, or has been compromised with a backdoor trojan. By reading chunks of data returned by a proprietary Microsoft security interface known as the data protection application programming interface (DPAPI), an attacker can obtain and copy the encrypted value. Even when an optional copy protection known as a token binding is in place, it can be bypassed because the required serial number is determined by a combination of the host name and current user's Windows security identifier stored on the computer.
He told Ars that smartphones that are lost or stolen might be susceptible to similar attacks, although he stressed he has no reason to believe that the values can be remotely retrieved from smartphones infected with malware, as long as the devices haven't been jailbroken or rooted.
"Should people stop using the SecurID software tokens?" he wrote in an e-mail. "It depends. It is dependent on the probability of the device being stolen or malicious applications installed from a dubious source. Personally, for high-risk situations, for example government agency laptops for staff that travel and frequently have to connect back to secure networks, using the token, I wouldn't recommend it."
Fouladi noted that both RSA and its customers have been targeted by highly motivated hackers, so attack scenarios in which PCs are infected or stolen aren't unrealistic. He suggested the sensitive RSA data should be managed by a industry-wide specification known as the TPM, or trusted platform module.
Post updated to clarify SecurID's user base and to make clear the attack doesn't deduce seed values.


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Combustible Dust Becomes National Target
Wood Dust Target: OSHA targets combustible wood dust after a refinery accident; learn what you need to do to mitigate your exposure to this risk.
By Elizabeth Grey Morrison
Date Posted: 8/1/2008
Combustible dust, a hazard that has historically received little attention from employers and government agencies alike, is a hidden danger that every company operating a saw should address. Sawdust often goes unnoticed in all manners of nooks and crannies although it poses a major hazard if a secondary explosion occurs.
A dusty room by itself cannot set off an explosion. However, Daniel Horowitz, director of public affairs at the U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB), said that if enough dust accumulates in an area, an initial explosion can trigger a secondary dust explosion that can have catastrophic consequences.
According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), dust has accumulated in many factories and triggered secondary explosions that have killed and injured hundreds of employees and caused hundreds of thousands of dollars in facility damage.
Five elements must be present for a dust explosion to occur. Known as the Dust Explosion Pentagon, these elements include oxygen, heat, fuel, dispersion and confinement. Without all five elements, an explosion cannot occur.
So exactly where does the dust come into play? An initial explosion in processing equipment or in an area where dust has accumulated may dislodge more piled dust into the air. If ignited, the additional dust dispersed into the air has the potential to cause one or more secondary explosions. These can be far more destructive than an initial explosion because of the increased amount and concentration of dispersed combustible dust.
David Dick, an attorney who handles OSHA-related cases, said the main issue regarding worker safety really has to do with sufficient education in the work place. While many companies have knowledge of OSHA standards, Dick said there are a lot of smaller companies with limited staffs that are not as familiar with the risk of combustible dust.
From my point of view and my practice, thats the biggest problem, Dick said. Half the time its ignorance.
Others have a different take on the hazard. Critics contend that OSHA has been relaxed in terms of preventative measures to limit dust explosions.
Following a succession of serious combustible dust explosions in 2006, the CSB conducted a major study of combustible dust hazards. It identified 281 combustible dust incidents between 1980 and 2005 that proved fatal to 119 employees, injured 718 others, and extensively damaged industrial facilities. Earlier this year, a dust-related explosion at the Imperial Sugar refinery in Port Wentworth, Ga. killed 12 workers and critically injured 11 others. These events have helped raise awareness about the dangers of dust explosions.
OSHA has addressed the issue by publishing material to educate businesses about dust-related risks and preventative measures. Look at the sidebar associated with this article to see OSHAs recommendations.
Some members of Congress are seeking further action beyond additional worker education. They want federal regulations to ensure that workers are not placed in jeopardy. In early May, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Combustible Dust Explosion and Fire Prevention Act. This bill, if signed into law, would require the Secretary of Labor to issue interim and final occupational safety and health standards regarding worker exposure to combustible dust.
The Bush administration maintains that relevant combustible dust standards are in place and has threatened to veto any new regulations. OSHA officials deny the need for further rules pointing to the 17 existing standards that collectively provide protections against combustible dust hazards.
OSHA officials stated, The Administration has serious concerns with the expedited and one-size-fits-all regulatory approach required by the bill, which will impact as many as 200,000 workplaces in a variety of industries throughout the United States.
The requirements currently in place include regulations for housekeeping; hazardous locations; electric power generation, transmission and distribution; hazard communication; and grain handling. Additionally, when no OSHA standard addresses a specific hazard, OSHA officials can cite the general duty clause of the Occupational Safe & Health Act, which requires employers to provide workplaces that are free from recognized hazards likely to cause serious harm or death.
Wood companies should become aware of dust dangers even if Congress does not pass more stringent regulations. It all starts with conducting a combustible dust analysis of your current operations. For additional information on current regulations and advice on how to protect your employees, visit _URL_
The following are recommendations created by OSHA to help protect your company from secondary dust explosions.
Dust Control Recommendations
Implement a hazardous dust inspection, testing, housekeeping, and control program;
Use proper dust collection systems and filters;
Minimize the escape of dust from process equipment or ventilation systems;
Use surfaces that minimize dust accumulation and facilitate cleaning;
Provide access to all hidden areas to permit inspection
Inspect for dust residues in open and hidden areas at regular intervals;
If ignition sources are present, use cleaning methods that do not generate dust clouds
Use only vacuum cleaners approved for dust collection; and
Locate relief valves away from dust deposits.
Ignition Control Recommendations
Use appropriate electrical equipment and wiring methods;
Control static electricity, including bonding of equipment to ground;
Control smoking, open flames, and sparks;
Control mechanical sparks and friction;
Use separator devices to remove foreign materials capable of igniting combustibles from process materials;
Separate heated surfaces from dusts;
Separate heated systems from dusts;
Select and use industrial trucks properly;
Use cartridge activated tools properly; and
Use an equipment preventive maintenance program.
Injury and Damage Control Methods
Separation of the hazard (isolate with distance);
Segregation of the hazard (isolate with barrier);
Pressure relief venting for equipment;
Direct vents away from work areas;
Specialized fire suspension systems;
Explosion protection systems;
Spark/ember detection for suppression activation;
Develop an emergency action plan; and maintain emergency exit routes.
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After the scripture reading in the service all children sixth grade and younger are invited leave the service and participate in Sunday School classes.
Pre-school and elementary aged children gather to hear a Godly Play story and actively wonder about God's messages. Godly Play is a creative, imaginative approach to Christian faith formation. Children have an innate sense of the presence of God; the Godly Play approach helps them to explore their faith through story, to gain religious language, and to enhance their spiritual experience though wonder and play. Based on Montessori principles, the Godly Play curriculum values openness, discovery, community and relationships.


What is a nursing case study?
Open Posted By: surajrudrajnv33 Date: 13/01/2021 Graduate Dissertation & Thesis Writing
A nursing case study is an in-depth study of a patient that is encountered during the student's daily practice in a practicum. They are important learning experiences because the student can apply classroom/theoretical learning to an actual situation and perhaps make some conclusions and recommendations.
Case Study, Critical Thinking, Ethical Decision Making, and the Nursing Process
1. Mrs. Elle, 80 years of age, is a female patient who is diagnosed with end-stage cancer of the small intestine. She is currently receiving comfort measures only in hospice. She has gangrene of her right foot and has a history of diabetes controlled with oral agents. She is confused and the physician has determined that she is unable to make her own informed decisions. The hospice nurse, not realizing that the weekly order for CBC and renal profile had been discontinued, obtained the labs and sent them to the nearby laboratory for processing. The abnormal lab results obtained later that day revealed that the patient needed a blood transfusion. The hospice nurse updated the patient's medical power of attorney who was distressed at the report. The patient's wishes were to die peacefully and to not have to undergo an amputation of her right foot. But if the patient receives the blood transfusion, she may live long enough to need the amputation. The patient's physician had previously informed the medical power of attorney that the patient would most likely not be able to survive the amputation. The patient's medical power of attorney had made the request to cease all labs so that the patient would receive comfort measures until she died. The patient has no complaint of shortness of breath or discomfort. (Learning Objective 4)
a. What ethical dilemma exists?
b. Who are the stakeholders and what gains or losses do each have?
c. What strategies should the hospice nurse take to resolve the ethical dilemma?
Category: Mathematics & Physics Subjects: Mathematics Deadline: 12 Hours Budget: $120 - $180 Pages: 2-3 Pages (Short Assignment)


Best Practices for Virtual Server Monitoring
Enterprises of all types and sizes can benefit from virtualization. Virtualization can simplify IT infrastructures, making them more efficient while reducing costs. Virtual servers are also one of the most critical elements of today's data centers. IT administrators can deploy applications faster, use processing power more efficiently and use the virtual servers to enhance availability and performance.
You are likely to see an increase in virtual servers at your enterprise when it is undergoing significant growth. Having effective monitoring policies and practices already in place can ensure that you are making the most of your virtualization efforts.
However, making sure that the virtual servers work as they should is no small task. The most common challenge in monitoring a virtual environment is ensuring that you have enough visibility. The monitoring tools and practices you use have to provide the visibility necessary to help your monitor and optimize performance.
Why is it so important to monitor your virtual machines correctly? Virtualized environments have more security risks than physical environments. Consolidating applications on a single physical server produces only one point of failure that impacts just the server and its network connection. In contrast, all of the applications that are on a virtualized server will be affected if the virtualized server crashes or its network connection slows down or crashes.
Your entire IT infrastructure has to be constantly reviewed in order to ensure the health of your virtual environment. Here are some best practices you can use to ensure that your virtual environment remains stable and reliable.
Establish a Performance Baseline
Make it a priority to create baselines when all aspects of the virtual environment are operating as they should. This can be applicable to physical servers as well. Having a performance baseline with a right set of metrics will not only help you understand resource utilization, but it also means that you will have something to compare when complications arise.
Leverage Automation
Using automation to monitor and manage virtual machines can help save time and allow you and your team to focus your attention and time on IT issues that are more critical. Automated tasks can include rebooting or resetting VMs or placing VMs on standby.
Treat the Monitoring of Virtual and Non-Virtual Traffic the Same
The same importance placed on monitoring non-virtual traffic should also be placed on virtual traffic. Avoided deprioritizing the monitoring of virtual hosts just because you may think they are safer than physical hosts. Keeping track of both external and internal traffic to your virtual machines can help you determine which machines require additional resources and which ones would be more effective as stand-alones.
Read this: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Virtualization
Be Generous with Physical Host Server Hardware Resources
The physical host server should have enough resources necessary for guest virtual servers configuration upgrades and for those virtual servers to function as they should. These resources include ample storage, CPU and memory for virtual machines to execute their services. Its exact configuration will depend on the functionality and requirement of the virtual machines. The physical host servers should also be able to distribute or redistribute resources wherever the need arises.
Realize that the Benefits of Virtualization can be Eliminated by Zombie VMs
The multiple benefits that virtualization can provide can be hampered by the VM sprawl caused by zombie VMs, or virtual machines that are have become idle, forgotten when they are not needed for purposes for which they were created. The VM sprawl can impede the performance of the virtual devices in your infrastructure by continuing to hog resources while performing no useful work.
To get most out of your monitoring efforts, regularly check your data center infrastructure maps and get rid of the zombie virtual machines when they are found.
Use the Right VM Monitoring Tool
Some enterprises may be hesitant to invest in such tools because there are native tools included with the hypervisor, or they may feel confident that the tools used for monitoring physical servers will suffice for virtual servers. However, there are many capabilities the right virtualization specific tool can provide that are not offered by native tools or tools designed specifically for physical servers.
Monitoring software intended for physical servers are unable to execute automated VM deployment and are also incapable of creating VMs. One big advantage VM monitoring tools have over native features is that they are able to provide better scalability. Native tools are also unable to define maintenance schedules or provide template-based VM deployments.
Even though you can operate a virtualized environment without the use of VM monitoring software, doing so will not allow you to take full advantage of your virtualization infrastructure.
Monitoring virtual servers is not easy. The various benefits that they provide can result in scalability issues if they are not properly monitored and managed. However, there are virtualization monitoring tools available that can help lighten much of the heavy workload.
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Farmers See Abnormal Ear Development This Season
If you saw abnormal corn ear development in your fields this year, you weren't alone. We've received a number of reports and questions from farmers across the Midwest who saw various corn ear abnormalities – including curved, bent and twisted ears.
Bent ears develop when variations in kernel set occur on one side of the corn ear versus the other. Various nutrient deficiencies and drought typically contribute to the problem.
Under nitrogen stress or drought we can see kernel abortion down one side of the ear and not the other side, causing the ear to bend when the kernels on the good side continue to grow and develop. The thing I look for is kernel abortion on the tip or coming down one side of the ear.
If the tip of the corn ear is curved and only partially filled up, the issue may be a boron deficiency. Twisted corn ears or irregular kernel rows can indicate insufficient phosphorus. Pull an ear leaf tissue test and a soil sample to rule out a boron or phosphorus deficiency.
For more information on abnormal corn ear development and the factors that contribute to it, check out the excellent information and poster of examples provided by the Ohio State University at the following link.
This blog is provided as an interactive way for you to have your questions answered by our Farm Journal Agronomists. E-mail your nitrogen, soil fertility, soil density, planter set up, scouting, and other questions to _EMAIL_.


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Curriculum excellence involves many stakeholders and contributors at Royal Roads University. Examples include:
- Academic programs and courses are designed around learning outcomes informed by industry and employer review teams, to ensure our students graduate with a strong set of competencies in their chosen field.
- Curriculum Committee meets regularly to review and approve new courses, and applies deep experience in adult education and the RRU Learning and Teaching Model to their critique of courses.
- CTET applies best practices in learning design methodology to new course development; in addition, all courses go through a regular technical and quality control review in Moodle, the Learning Management System.


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This article examines the experience of stateless people in Thailand and how they overcome the problem of stigma. In 2020, there were 480,000 people in Thailand classified as stateless. They are individuals who migrated from neighboring countries and who settled mainly along the border with Myanmar. They are mostly members of hill tribes (such as the Akha, Lahu, Hmong, Lisu, Yao) with distinct languages and culture. They do not have Thai identification cards (IDs), which are required to access public services, including health care and higher levels of education, apply for professional jobs, and sell property.
The authors define stigma as "a negative social attitude attached to a characteristic of an individual who may be regarded as having a mental, physical, or social deficiency." The authors employ the framework integrating normative influence on stigma (FINIS), which has three layers: a microlayer focusing on individual characteristics; a mesolayer focusing on family and community contexts; and a macrolayer focusing on the stigma embedded in a larger national cultural context.
The analysis is based on data from qualitative and in-depth interviews with 51 stateless individuals living in five remote hill tribe villages along the border with Myanmar. Sixty-nine percent of the participants were female, 67 percent had no education, 57 percent were farmers, and the participants had a median monthly income of US$93.
- There are various ways in which stigma affects the lives of stateless people. They find it difficult to request assistance and assert themselves (e.g. in a healthcare setting) because they fear mistreatment or drawing attention to themselves. They experience unequal treatment and are treated more poorly than Thai citizens and other hill tribe people who have acquired Thai IDs. They feel that they have limited options for improving their lives.
- Avoidance, trying to get a Thai ID, and practicing speaking Thai are ways in which stateless people cope with stigma. The stateless population reported several approaches to handling stigma, mainly by avoidance, for example not traveling outside their village, not talking with people with whom they are not familiar and keeping track of events that could result in exposure. Trying to get a Thai ID and practicing speaking Thai were other strategies employed to cope with stigma.
- Participants expressed their single goal of obtaining a Thai ID to help them overcome problems of stigma.


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A data type composed of multiple elements. An aggregate can be homogeneous (all elements have the same type) e.g. an array, a list in a functional language, a string of characters, a file; or it can be heterogeneous (elements can have different types) e.g. a structure. In most languages aggregates can contain elements which are themselves aggregates. e.g. a list of lists.
See also union.
Try this search on Wikipedia, OneLook, Google
Nearby terms: AFUU « ag « agent « aggregate type » aggregation » aggregator » AGL


Date of Award
Document Type
Doctoral Dissertation
Degree Name
Education, Ed.D.
First Advisor
Rebecca Smith
Second Advisor
Nicole Ralston
Third Advisor
Bruce Weitzel
LC Subjects
Community college students--Education; Counseling in higher education; Community college students--Counseling of; Biology--Study and teaching (Higher)
The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative study was to investigate the relationship of course-taking patterns of community college students enrolled in a major's biology sequence to successful transfer into a biology or biology-related degree track at four-year institutions. The research was guided by the seminal work of Adelman (1999, 2006) on course-taking as it relates to academic momentum and the STEM transfer model developed by Wang (2016b). The relationship of course-taking behavior to transfer outcomes for a population of students in a biology transfer sequence at a large, community college in the Western U.S. was addressed using anonymized student transcript data provided by the institution and post-community college enrollment records from the National Student Clearinghouse database.
Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the predictive value of leading indicators of academic momentum for the study population, previously identified for community college students in general (Adelman, 1999, 2005; Belfield et al., 2019; Jenkins & Bailey, 2017). Findings indicated that only first term grade point average (GPA) was a significant predictor of transfer for the overall model (χ2 = 9.20(3), p =.03).
Further examination of course-taking behavior found that students had a broad range of college-level coursework in biology, chemistry, physics, and math prior to enrolling in the first class in the major's sequence. Prior coursework was significantly related to outcomes. Disaggregation of the course-taking behavior revealed differences based on gender, age, race, and ethnicity. There were significant differences in biology, chemistry, and math coursework completed prior to enrolling in the first course in major's biology based on age but not gender, race, or ethnicity. Few differences in outcomes were found based on gender or age category. However, enrollment intensity varied significantly for students during the term they first attempted major's biology based on both age and gender but not race or ethnicity.
The value of course-taking behaviors, outcomes in major's biology, and enrollment intensity as predictors for transfer outcomes was explored using a logistic regression model. Results suggest that outcomes in the gateway major's biology course may be a useful leading indicator for academic momentum for students in a major's biology sequence. The overall picture of completion and retention suggest that the first course in the major's biology sequence is a not just a gateway but a 'gatekeeper'. Recommendations for improving outcomes in major's biology based on this study include promoting early student access to discipline specific advising and tutoring. Additionally, given the heterogeneity of college-level STEM preparation for students attempting the major's biology sequence for the first time, teaching strategies that facilitate equitable learning environments are an important component of supporting student success.
Copyright for this work is retained by the author


Here's Mr. Squiggle
With lots of fun for everyone
Here's Mr. Squiggle
Sing a happy tune.
You can see we're as happy as can be
Mr Squiggle, the man from the moon.
Mr. Squiggle is an Australian TV show that features a puppet with a pencil for a nose. Mr Squiggle comes down from the moon each episode to produce artistic masterpieces from squiggles sent in by Aussie kids.
After creating something recognisable from random lines, circles and squiggles, Mr. Squiggle sometimes rotates the canvas and creates something new from the image that he has just made. Sometimes the pictures he makes are quite cool, especially considering that they derive from his previous attempts to bring order out of randomness.
To play the Mr. Squiggle home game, have a friend (or yourself) draw some random squiggles, then try and create a picture from it. Once you're done, rotate it and pass it on to someone else to see what they can do. Space walks are optional.
A picture of the rather phallic Mr. Squiggle:


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A recent study published in the August 16 online edition of the The Lancet reinforces the life gains to be had from exercise. The data shows that exercising for as little as 15 minutes a day increases life expectancy by three years. It also reduces the risk of dying from all diseases by 14%. Every additional 15 minutes of exercise performed per day further reduced all-cause mortality by 4%.
The study involved 416,175 people (men and women) living in Taiwan. It followed them for more than eight years and recorded the amount of weekly exercised each participant accumulated. The participants were then grouped by levels of activity; starting at low (15 minutes per day), medium, high or very high (60 minutes per day). Those who exercised for 15 minutes a day lived on average three year longer than those who were largely sedentary.
This study further highlights the benefits of exercise in all age groups and in both sexes. It seems that being active for as little as fifteen minutes a day can produce a significant benefit.
For more information on this study click here to go directly to the Lancet's website.