from the creature and can be used to make spacecraft jump like the creature itself does. One must remove the jump jewel with the paired surrounding tissues and promptly hook it to a support system. The support system was based on one found in an unimaginably ancient derelict alien vessel. It may be that space travelers have been hunting these beasts for their organs for millions of years, which accounts for their aggression.
As it turns out, the paired surrounding tissues around the jump jewel are the gestating twins. They will split the jewel when the parent dies and they are born.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ This answer is amazing, I want to read this story. $\endgroup$ – mattecapu Jun 19 at 15:22
Where is the pride of the hunter if not in the size and difficulty of the prey?
Have you ever heard anybody bragging about of challenging was to hunt a sparrow or a mouse? No, you ear stories about hunting a lion, a hippo, a grizzly, a moose, a whale, all sort of big animals which don't give up their life easily.
The way you describe the creature it looks like it would make happy any Hemingway on hormones. You have your reason for hunting it.
 - $\begingroup$ Actually, the snipe was a relatively small bird, but really hard to hunt. Obviously we remember sniping, and their hunters (snipers). $\endgroup$ – DWKraus Jun 16 at 14:42
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_, there difficulty plays a role $\endgroup$ – L.Dutch Jun 16 at 14:51
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Actually, I've seen people brag about shooting both mice and sparrows (particularly when landing a head shot). It's not as dangerous as a lion, but takes quite a bit of skill. $\endgroup$ – Nosajimiki Jun 16 at 15:04
Why humans should kill this space creature
They can detect ships heat from 10k km and they are very aggressive (no one know why). They attacks ships crushing theirs bodies against and shaping theirs bodies in ways they can pierce the hull or detach pieces of the ship.
I don't know about you, but if I had a load of spice jeopardized because of some space critter, I would pay premium and bonus to whomever could off the beast for me.
Because they store energy
When they die, they leave an organ with remaining stored energy. This presents a huge opportunity. Possibly the organ can be used as a super battery. We see the creature use it to great extend. It discharges great amounts of energy if needed. Just look at the light jump. Possibly it can store rapidly as well, as it stops after a light jump. Either it uses more of it's stored energy, or it is like a dynamo, stealing momentum for again stored energy. As it stops quickly, it is an impressive battery that can do this. That, as well as the possibility to not expand but gain energy in space when stopping. They will hunt this creature for the scientific possibilities alone.
Other scientific discoveries would include how it can survive on practically sunlight alone and such. People would kill it to extinction for the research opportunity, even knowing that killing the last one might not allow them to get more research done.
Well, you mentioned they both move relatively fast (though that should probably change to acceleration, but whatever.) and cause a serious disturbance when they jump. That frankly sounds like they could be a rather serious threat as a pest, disrupting shipping lanes and randomly destroying ships. If there were to be a significant infestation of these, that could cause people to commit to hunting them down. Or one can destroy a passenger ship by mistake and some of their relatives want revenge. (A vendetta will work better if this is Moby dick in space.)
One idea for why humans would hunt any spacefaring life is that lifeform containing a substance that remains a liquid in a vacuum. Such a substance would literally be worth orders of magnitude more than its mass in gold to a spacefaring civilization.
Good answers already, but here's one more:
For science!
(and money)
See, the disintegrating corpse is an ongoing mystery with nobody having even the faintest idea how that might work. What exotic matter is it even made of that it hardly leaves any trace? Many scientists (and governments funding them) would reeeeeally like to know the secret. And they're ready to pay handsomely for a living specimen.
While killing a space whale is not really that hard (see other answers), capturing one is a different story. So far there have been no successful attempts. But many ideas and strategies remain yet untried; and recently even new technologies have emerged which were developed for this explicit purpose. Now, who will be the lucky one to first capture a living space whale? And who will emerge victorious from the bidding war that will follow that? Certainly the person who captured it...
Added: Oh, it's not quite clear from your question if you want people to just hunt it, or also kill it. If you need to kill them, then my suggestion obviously won't work.
On the other hand, if capturing is OK, then my answer would also provide an explanation why people would try to solo it or at least have very small crews - less people, larger shares of the reward money.
Starve them
You have said they absorb radiation (light/heat/x-ray/whatever). One interesting idea is to 'paint' these creatures with something that is opaque to the wavelengths they ingest. A few ways this could be done - spraying, dust clouds for instance. Ships might eject 'paint' when attacked and the creatures may learn not to attack.
Further reading
 - You might like to read Asimov's "The Gods Themselves". It does not feature giant space creatures but it is about creatures who feed by absorbing sunlight and radiation.
 - For inspiration about giant creatures, Iain M. Banks' Culture universe is rich in such things for example Dirigible Behemothaurs, found in "Look to Windward"
Because they shed a butt-ton. In the middle of space that is fine, but in near Earth orbit, hello Kessler syndrome.
Your Answer


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-many" model relationship.
A degenerate dimension refers to an attribute of the fact table that is required for filtering. At Adventure Works, the reseller sales order number is a good example. In this case, it doesn't make good model design sense to create an independent table consisting of just this one column, because it would increase the model storage size and result in Fields pane clutter.
In the Power BI model, it can be appropriate to add the sales order number column to the fact-type table to allow filtering or grouping by sales order number. It is an exception to the formerly introduced rule that you should not mix table types (generally, model tables should be either dimension-type or fact-type).
However, if the Adventure Works resellers sales table has order number and order line number columns, and they're required for filtering, a degenerate dimension table would be a good design. For more information, see One-to-one relationship guidance (Degenerate dimensions).
Factless fact tables
A factless fact table doesn't include any measure columns. It contains only dimension keys.
A factless fact table could store observations defined by dimension keys. For example, at a particular date and time, a particular customer logged into your web site. You could define a measure to count the rows of the factless fact table to perform analysis of when and how many customers have logged in.
A more compelling use of a factless fact table is to store relationships between dimensions, and it's the Power BI model design approach we recommend defining many-to-many dimension relationships. In a many-to-many dimension relationship design, the factless fact table is referred to as a bridging table.
For example, consider that salespeople can be assigned to one or more sales regions. The bridging table would be designed as a factless fact table consisting of two columns: salesperson key and region key. Duplicate values can be stored in both columns.
This many-to-many design approach is well documented, and it can be achieved without a bridging table. However, the bridging table approach is considered the best practice when relating two dimensions. For more information, see Many-to-many relationship guidance (Relate two dimension-type tables).
For more information about star schema design or Power BI model design, see the following articles:
- Dimensional modeling Wikipedia article
- Create and manage relationships in Power BI Desktop
- One-to-one relationship guidance
- Many-to-many relationship guidance
- Bi-directional relationship guidance
- Active vs inactive relationship guidance
- Questions? Try asking the Power BI Community
- Suggestions? Contribute ideas to improve Power BI
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Three Levels of Liquidity for Greater Access to the Market
Although Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) liquidity can seem complex, here, we explore the various sources of liquidity for ETFs, which contain a portfolio of securities and trade throughout the day like stocks.
Trading Volume Does Not Equal Liquidity
For a stock, the average daily volume (ADV) has always been a strong indicator of liquidity, or the degree to which stocks can be bought or sold in the market without affecting their price. When looking at ETFs, ADV is a partial indication of an ETF's liquidity. That's because, unlike stocks that have a set number of shares, new ETF shares can be created and existing shares can be redeemed based on investor demand. ETFs have different layers of liquidity that allow investors to trade ETFs in amounts that can far exceed an ETF's ADV without significantly affecting the ETF's price.
Three Sources of ETF Liquidity
There are three levels of liquidity to consider for ETFs: on-screen liquidity, nondisplayed liquidity and liquidity from the underlying ETF basket of securities.
Levels of liquidity in ETFs.
1. Liquidity Visible to the End Investor
The most visible source of ETF liquidity is on-screen liquidity, which the average investor has access to via a variety of sources such as a brokerage house. This level of liquidity represents the trading activity that has already occurred on the exchange and is visible in the secondary market, where ETFs are priced and traded like stocks. A market maker publishes quotes that represent the price of available ETF shares they are willing to buy and sell. Investors bargain with other investors as well as market makers who help maintain a fair and orderly market. Market makers are always ready to buy available ETF shares from potential sellers and sell ETF shares to potential buyers.
Typically, there are two prices for an ETF visible to the public: the price at which someone is willing to purchase the ETF (known as the bid) and the price at which someone is willing to sell the ETF (known as the offer or ask). The difference between the two prices is called the spread. Because ETFs hold multiple securities in the underlying basket, the spread of all the securities influences the total spread of the ETF.
2. Liquidity Accessed via Your Broker
As a typical investor, your on-screen view of liquidity is limited on public financial websites. Most often, you will have access only to the highest bid and lowest offer, but you won't see all quotes in an ETF's order book on the stock exchange. You may access this level of liquidity with the assistance of a broker. The broker can see additional levels of quotes that represent additional prices at which ETFs can be traded.
For most ETFs, market makers will publish quotes beyond the visible liquidity, helping to provide market depth. They do this so that larger-size trades may be executed while covering their costs of providing liquidity. You can access this liquidity by providing a limit order to your broker to buy or sell ETF shares at a price beyond the on-screen liquidity. Or, you can contact your broker's ETF block desk, which handles large purchases and sales of ETF shares.
3. Liquidity Access by Specialists
The bulk of ETF liquidity is in the primary market, where the ETF accesses the underlying securities it holds. Here, the creation and redemption mechanism, which is an important process for ETFs, comes into play.
When buying or selling a large number of ETF shares—on the scale of thousands—you can reach out to large institutions that act as authorized participants to create and redeem large blocks of ETF shares directly from the ETF provider or its custodian.
The Creation and Redemption Process Ensures ETFs Liquidity
The creation and redemption process ensures there is sufficient inventory to fill investors' orders. It allows large buy or sell trades to be executed in the ETF with little or no impact to the market.
For an ETF share creation, the authorized participant assembles a portfolio or basket containing the ETF's underlying securities. The authorized participant turns the basket over to the ETF custodian, who holds all the securities in the ETF. In return, the custodian delivers ETF shares that can be bought and sold in secondary markets. This is generally done in blocks of 25,000, 50,000 or 100,000 ETF shares.
Creation/Redemption Process
The creation process in action.
The ETF creation/redemption process occurs when an investor enters an order to buy/sell a large number of ETF shares and there are not enough shares available on the secondary market.
ETF share redemption reverses this process when excess supply of ETF shares needs to be removed from the market. The process helps keep supply and demand in balance and leads to an ETF share price that is generally in line with the value of the underlying securities. These shares are used to fill investors' trades in the secondary market.
Learn More About the Tools of the ETF Trade
This article has provided a short overview of the layers of liquidity for an ETF. For a deeper dive, read our thought leadership paper, Tools of the ETF Trade: Understanding ETF Liquidity and Trading (requires login). You'll learn about:
 - The different sources of ETF liquidity
 - Trading execution considerations
 - Tips and best practices for trading ETFs


How A Lawyer Can Help After A Child Drowns In A Neighbor's Pool
Did your child drown in a neighbor's in-ground swimming pool due to a drain not being properly covered? If you have asked your neighbor for financial assistance with the situation and he or she refuses, you can get assistance from a personal injury lawyer. Take a look at this article to find out about the services that a lawyer can provide to help you receive justice for your deceased child.
1. Listen to Your Story
The first step to resolving your dispute is to explain to a lawyer what happened on the day of your child's drowning. Don't leave out any details that might be held against you by the defendant's lawyer if the case has to go to court. For instance, if your child was playing with the drain and removed the cover, you must tell your lawyer so a proper defense can be built.
2. Get Evidence to Prove Your Case
Your lawyer will gather evidence from the police station that details what happened on the day of the incident. For instance, the evidence will likely include photos of the drain and the condition of the cover. You will be asked to provide any medical bills that you may have that stemmed from the incident. Proof of your child's funeral expenses must be handed over to your lawyer, as well as for lost wages and counseling sessions. If other people were swimming in the pool, they may be questioned by your lawyer and asked to be witnesses if it becomes necessary.
3. Contact the Home Insurance Company
Your lawyer will find out if your neighbor has home insurance coverage so a file can be claimed on your behalf. The lawyer will talk to the insurance company about your evidence and how much money you should receive. If the insurance company does not want to pay the full amount of money that you are asking for, the matter can be taken to court. The case might also go to court if your neighbor's insurance policy will only cover up to a certain amount, which means you can possibly receive money from the insurance company and through a lawsuit.
4. File a Petition in Court
If court becomes necessary, your lawyer will file a petition that details what you are asking the other party to pay. Your lawyer will then present all of your evidence to a judge to prove that you deserve what you are asking for. Speak to a personal injury lawyer, such as the Erickson Law Office, about your complaint as soon as you are able to.


PayTraq Blog
The Use of Matching Rules for Bank Reconciliation
Tags: updates, bank feeds, accounting, PayTraq features
Recently, we announced a new Automatic Bank Reconciliation feature available in PayTraq.
With Auto Reconciliation, you can easily match most of your statement lines from your uploaded bank statements just in one click.
Auto Reconciliation is available both for the manually uploaded bank transactions and automatic bank feeds. It saves users a lot of time, while making the process quick, reducing the manual effort and improving accuracy.
As of now you can create your own custom bank reconciliation rules to match even more transactions automatically. These are additional rules that can be set up for automatic reconciliation of those bank transactions for which no matching primary documents or journals have been found. Such transactions include bank fees, money transfers, tax payments, transfers from a merchant account, loan payments, etc.
The bank statement line description may contain certain values that help you identify the transaction. You can use part of this information to setup the rule to enable automatic processing.
If the rule meets specified criteria, all banking transactions corresponding to this rule will be reconciled automatically.
To set up automatic reconciliation matching rules, the following fields can be used:
 1. Business partner name
 2. Contra-account/IBAN (partner's bank account)
 3. Payment Details (or part of)
 4. Amount (+/-)
To create a matching rule, at least one of the fields needs to be filled out. Fill out several fields to improve accuracy.
Custom Rule Example
Let's set up a matching rule for the automatic reconciliation of bank fees.
 1. Under Money -> Bank Accounts, select the tab "Reconciliation Rules". Create a new matching rule and choose a name for it, for example, "Bank Commissions", and select transaction type "Enter a bank charge"
 2. Fill out the transaction details with the line given by the bank for this particular transaction (for example, "Bank fee") and enter the amount with a minus (e.g. "-0.50")
 3. Enable "Activate" checkbox and save your changes by clicking on the "Change" button


19 July
Fromelles was the first major battle fought by Australians on the Western front. Fromelles saw British and Australian troops attack the German lines in a prelude to the battle of the Somme.
The attackers had significantly underestimated the size of the German forces and found themselves outnumbered by a factor of 2:1. The Germans had approximately 30,000 troops on site whereas the combined British/Australian forces totalled somewhere between 10,000 and 15,000. The attack was intended primarily as a feint to draw German troops away from the Somme offensive then being pursued further to the south.
The battle did not go well for the allied forces with a total of 7,080 Allies being killed, 5,533 of which were Australians whereas the Germans only lost between 1,600 and 2,000 troops.


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Intuitive Language Construction was developed after looking at current products on the market and listening to feedback from users. The one thing we heard over and over is that they wanted a program that was fun, easy, completely integrated, and that included the following components:
In this post we are going to discuss the fourth component of Intuitive Language Construction…Culture. This is another big difference in the Intuitive Language Construction methodology.
Mango integrates cultural notes and tips into every lesson, ensuring our students develop an understanding for the expectations, traditions, and etiquette of the people with whom they want to communicate. Most language learning systems simply ignore culture, but at Mango we think it really is critical to a student's success in a foreign country.
For example, imagine you didn't understand the difference between formal and informal greetings. You wouldn't want to walk into a meeting with your new boss and exclaim, "Hey Dude. What's up?" It would be inappropriate, and in some cultures, it would be a really big offense! It could possibly even get you fired.
At the same time, you wouldn't want to be introduced to a new friend at a café, and say something like "I'm very pleased to make your acquaintance." That's a little too formal and can be off-putting.
Understanding culture helps people understand which conversational tools are most appropriate for which situations and which audiences. Our curriculum is developed by native speaking professional language teachers – many of whom teach at the university level and hold PhDs. They really understand the cultural challenges that a learner will face for a specific language, and they carefully design each learning experience to help students overcome those challenges. You just can't get that through the common word and phrase lists that other learning systems offer.
Why do you think culture is important in the language learning process? Or do you have a funny cross cultural story to share?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
I want to show a multi-overlap using a button but the overlap does not appear.
Check the following points:
- Multi-overlap (icon) is not place on the screen.
- Multi-overlap setting (icon) is not correct.
- Macro commands are not correct.
- To show multi-overlap using PLC command, please click here.
- To show multi-overlap using macro command, please click here.
- Go to [Home] or [Parts] > [Multi-overlap] and place a multi-overlap icon.
This icon still works when you place it outside editing area of the screen.
- Double-click the multi-overlap icon and check the overlap ID setting in the [Operation Select] dialog box.
Double-click a switch and set the same ID number as the ID checked in the multi-overlap icon.
- Double-click the multi-overlap icon and select [Multi] from [Overlap Setting] and [Switch] from [Display Method].
- Double-click a switch and set the [Function] to [Overlap Control], check [Set Display No.] option box, and enter the overlap library number you wish to call.
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Please cooperate with the questionnaire to make it better.


text:
I'm wondering if there are any books or broad survey articles that survey current mathematical areas, i.e. mathematics of the last 50 years.
Ideally, these would continue in the style of the various classics that survey mathematics, but do so from "the ground up" and so only reach the advanced undergraduate curriculum (topology, PDEs, algebraic geometry, number theory, calculus of variations, optimisation, analysis, abstract algebra, galois theory, functional analysis, etc.)
These existing survey books I've seen typically bring one up to the edge of 19th century and early 20th century mathematics. For example, the surveys by Kolmogorov, et.al. (Mathematics: Contents, Methods & Meaning), the VNR Encyclopaedia of Mathematics (Gellert, et.al), or Klein's (Advanced Mathematics from an Elementary Point of View).
I'm now looking for something that ideally would pick up the thread beyond these, starting in the 1930s and 40s, to the present.
It is fine if the audience is expected to have an undergraduate degree in mathematics or even a graduate degree.
The intended audience would perhaps not be a complete beginner or high school student, but perhaps a mathematician specialising in one particular area but interested in the breadth of the field, or a statistician / computer scientist / engineer / physicist, with the intent to familiarise the reader with the breadth and directions of current active areas of investigation / research.
Any particularly well-written books / articles you have come across?


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Organizing a Science & Engineering Fair (OSEF)
A Graduate Course from MSSEF's Curious Minds Initiative (CMI)
Enroll to earn 1 graduate credit.
OSEF is part of the STEM Certficate in Inquiry from Framingham State University!
August 15 &16, 2013
Provides a framework and guidance for best practices in the logistics of managing a classroom with students working on independent research on different topics, and running a science fair program and building district-based support for it.
Every student deserves the opportunity to experience the joys and challenges of the discovery process – the chance to learn something never before known!
Science Fairs enable students to explore their natural curiosity about the world in the same way that "real" scientists and inventors do.
Science fair programs help students develop essential 21st-century life & career skills: reading, math, writing, critical thinking, ethics, communication and graphic arts.
Receive a special invitation to participate in CMI Educator Day at MIT (May 3, 2013).*
Comments from science fair students:
"Allowed me to go to college"
"I was constructing my future."
Benefits for Teachers and Communities:
INSPIRE STUDENTS & BE PART OF THE DISCOVERY PROCESS! Guiding students through the research process provides teachers with a chance to inspire students to pursue science, technology and engineering studies, and also to become involved in the discovery process themselves.
CONNECT WITH PARENTS & LOCAL BUSINESS COMMUNITY. Local businesses and parent/community organizations can provide resources, knowing that science fair programs offer students critical life skills and a potential pathway to college scholarships.
* CMI Educator Day at MIT | May 3, 2013
Apply for a travel stipend and/or matching support for a substitute teacher!
A special free conference held on Friday during the State Science & Engineering Fair for high school students @ MIT. Highlights include: walking the Exhibition Hall of 300 "Best of the Best" high school student science fair projects in Massachusetts; a seat in the Judge Orientation Program (with ~300 judges from academia and industry); feedback and discussion inquiry and project-based approaches in your teaching practice; and breakfast and lunch!
ENROLL ONLINE in CMI Educator Day!
Fees, Credits and More
Registration Fee: $10
Tuition & Course Materials: $200
Graduate Credit: 1 credit will be available to earn at additional cost of $100.
Yes, provided at no cost.
CMI Educator Day
: FREE with course registration!
More Information: _EMAIL_
Please note that registration fees & graduate credit costs are non-refundable.


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Roy Stafford examines how genre can be applied in teaching about non-film texts
Some suggestions for how to approach the issues of globalisation and hybridity in the media classroom
Primary and Secondary students can benefit from making their own media production.
Tom Barrance outlines some ground rules to make the project easier and more rewarding for you and your students.
Texts from the English literary canon are often seen as 'pure' literature, as opposed to media texts which are a (necessarily, or potentially) bad influence against which students should be defended.
Rob Watling describes a project which shows how you can find time for media education at Key Stage 1 by combining it with other classroom activities.
Rob Watling describes how a project which aimed to help young people 'raise their voice' also raised some issues about practical media work
Matt Baker reports on a Creative Partnerships project in Manchester and Salford Primary schools.
As an English and Media Studies teacher at a secondary school near Bristol, I am currently experiencing first hand the challenges of new media technologies, both as content for Media Studies A Level courses, and as opportunities for learning in the English classroom.


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In this submission PwC acknowledges that the proposed functional currency reporting rules are an important and welcome initiative that can have significant benefits for Canadian corporations. However, we also stress the need for corporations to carefully consider the rules' implications before applying them.
The primary objective of our submission is to provide more certainty when applying the rules and to increase the tax system's efficiency and effectiveness. These modifications would provide a more symmetrical measurement of foreign exchange gains and losses under the proposed rules and increase the fairness in respect of the application of these rules via the foreign exchange provisions of the Income Tax Act.
In this submission, PwC makes recommendations in respect of the following matters:
This submission reiterates taxpayers' needs for clarity and certainty when applying the tax rules and that without such certainty, the rules would fail to serve the people they were meant to serve. PwC maintains that our comments and recommendations aim to improve the legislation and allow the government to meet its goal of increasing the effectiveness and fairness of the tax system.
|Comments and requested modifications to Proposed Section 261 – Rules relating to Functional Currency Reporting (780 KB)
Download the full submission.


text:
Why We Exist
Today's parents feel busier than ever before while simultaneously burdened with a desire to be the best parent possible, as they are overwhelmed by an increasing volume of information often from polarizing perspectives. The Family Center serves as a life preserver for families across generational, educational, ethnic, religious and economic lines.
Nearly 9 out of every 10 activities at The Family Center cater
to the whole family. If you ever message us for a workshop asking if its "kid
friendly," you've likely received a resounding "YES! That's how we roll."
Opportunities to Connect
We connect families to each other and their community by providing meeting space and a lending library to support:
- STEM activities
- Arts Education
- Special needs families
- Healthy lifestyles for the family
- Cooking and nutrition classes
- Girl Scouts
- Homeschool enrichment
- And much more!
We are a non-profit serving families in Jessamine, Fayette, Madison and Garrard counties. We think that these activities should all be done in the context of family, where memories are made and learning is solidified.
Friends of The Family Center
The Family Center depends on its members to remain sustainable and able to provide the community with all of the quality programs and resources we have available.
STEM Through a New Lens
Kentucky's job market is quickly growing with an increased need for more high-tech and highly skilled labor. However, our students, particularly girls, are not showing enough interest or proficiency in these areas to meet the demands on our labor pool. Our rural communities have no opportunities for STEM exploration and supplementation in Jessamine County outside of school and the public library.
Our programming is unique in that we work to engage the whole family in STEM Saturdays. The Family Center delivers STEM workshops and education to the family unit as a whole. We have seen that families best integrate concepts as a unit. Making STEM education a priority for the whole family will ensure high-tech and high-skilled job proclivities are passed down through generations, making a deep impact in our communities.


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Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP)
The ESSP is a partnership for the integrated study of the Earth System, the ways that it is changing, and the implications for global and regional sustainability.
The urgency of the challenge is great: In the present era, global environmental changes are both accelerating and moving the earth system into a state with no analogue in previous history.
To learn more about the ESSP, clink on links to access Strategy Paper, brochure and a video presentation by the Chair of the ESSP Scientific Committee, Prof. Dr. Rik Leemans of Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
The Earth System is the unified set of physical, chemical, biological and social components, processes and interactions that together determine the state and dynamics of Planet Earth, including its biota and its human occupants.
Earth System Science is the study of the Earth System, with an emphasis on observing, understanding and predicting global environmental changes involving interactions between land, atmosphere, water, ice, biosphere, societies, technologies and economies.
ESSP Transitions into 'Future Earth' (31/12/2012)
On 31st December 2012, the ESSP will close and transition into 'Future Earth' as it develops over the next few years. During this period, the four global environmental Change research programmes (DIVERSITAS, IGBP, IHDP, WCRP) will continue close collaboration with each other. 'Future Earth' is currently being planned as a ten-year international research initiative for global sustainability (_URL_ that will build on decades of scientific excellence of the four GEC research programmes and their scientific partnership.
Click here to read more.
Global Carbon Budget 2012
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning and cement production increased by 3 percent in 2011, with a total of 34.7 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere. These emissions were the highest in human history and 54 percent higher than in 1990 (the Kyoto Protocol reference year). In 2011, coal burning was responsible for 43 percent of the total emissions, 34 percent for oil, 18 percent for gas and 5 percent for cement.
For the complete 2012 carbon budget and trends, access the Global Carbon Project website.
GWSP International Conference - CALL for ABSTRACTS
The GWSP Conference on "Water in the Anthropocene: Challenges for Science and Governance" will convene in Bonn, Germany, 21 - 24 May 2014.
The focus of the conference is to address the global dimensions of water system changes due to anthropogenic as well as natural influences. The Conference will provide a platform to present global and regional perspectives on the responses of water management to global change in order to address issues such as variability in supply, increasing demands for water, environmental flows, and land use change. The Conference will help build links between science and policy and practice in the area of water resources management and governance, related institutional and technological innovations and identify ways that research can support policy and practice in the field of sustainable freshwater management.
Learn more about the Conference here.
Global Carbon Project (GCP) Employment Opportunity - Executive Director
The Global Carbon Project (GCP) is seeking to employ a highly motivated and independent person as Executive Director of the International Project Office (IPO) in Tsukuba, Japan, located at the Centre for Global Environmental Research at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). The successful candidate will work with the GCP Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) and other GCP offices to implement the science framework of the GCP. The GCP is seeking a person with excellent working knowledge of the policy-relevant objectives of the GCP and a keen interest in devising methods to integrate social and policy sciences into the understanding of the carbon-climate system as a coupled human/natural system. Read More.
Inclusive Wealth Report
The International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP) announces the launch of the Inclusive Wealth Report 2012 (IWR 2012) at the Rio +20 Conference in Brazil. The report presents a framework that offers a long-term perspective on human well-being and sustainability, based on a comprehensive analysis of nations' productive base and their link to economic development. The IWR 2012 was developed on the notion that current economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Human Development Index (HDI) are insufficient, as they fail to reflect the state of natural resources or ecological conditions, and focus exclusively on the short-term, without indicating whether national policies are sustainable.
Future Earth: Global platform for sustainability research launched at Rio +20
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (14 June 2012) - An alliance of international partners from global science, research funding and UN bodies launched a new 10-year initiative on global environmental change research for sustainability at the Forum on Science and Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development. Future Earth - research for global sustainability, will provide a cutting-edge platform to coordinate scientific research which is designed and produced in partnership with governments, business and, more broadly, society. More details.
APN's 2012 Call for Proposals
The Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) announces the call for proposals for funding from April 2013. The proposals can be submitted under two separate programmes: regional global change research and scientific capacity development. More details.
State of the Planet Declaration
Planet Under Pressure 2012 was the largest gathering of global change scientists leading up to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) with over 3,000 delegates at the conference venue and over 3,500 that attended virtually via live web streaming. The plenary sessions and the Daily Planet news show continue to draw audiences worldwide as they are available On Demand. An additional number of organisations, including 150 Science and Technology Centres worldwide streamed the plenary sessions at Planet Under Pressure-related events reaching an additional 12,000 viewers.
The first State of the Planet Declaration was issued at the conference.
Global Carbon Budget 2010
Global carbon dioxide emissions increased by a record 5.9 per cent in 2010 following the dampening effect of the 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), according to scientists working with the Global Carbon Project (GCP). The GCP annual analysis reports that the impact of the GFC on emissions has been short-lived owing to strong emissions growth in emerging economies and a return to emissions growth in developed economies.
Planet Under Pressure 2012 Debategraph
Debategraph and Planet Under Pressure Conference participants and organisers are collaborating to distill the main arguments and evidence, risks and policy options facing humanity into a dynamic knowledge map to help convey and inform the global deliberation at United Nations Rio +20 and beyond.
Join the debate! (_URL_
Integrated Global Change Research
The ESSP and partners - the German National Committee on Global Change Research (NKGCF), International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC) is conducting a new study on 'Integrated Global Change Research: Co-designing knowledge across scientific fields, national borders and user groups'. An international workshop (funded by the German Research Foundation) convened in Berlin, 7 - 9 March 2012, designed to elucidate the dimensions of integration, to identify and analyse best practice examples, to exchange ideas about new concepts of integration, to discuss emerging challenges for science, and to begin discussions about balancing academic research and stakeholder involvement.
The Future of the World's Climate
The Future of the World's Climate (edited by Ann Henderson-Sellers and Kendal McGuffie) offers a state-of-the-art overview - based on the latest climate science modelling data and projections available - of our understanding of future climates. The book is dedicated to Stephen H Schneider, a world leader in climate interpretation and communication. The Future of the World's Climate summarizes our current understanding of climatic prediction and examines how that understanding depends on a keen grasp of integrated Earth system models and human interaction with climate. This book brings climate science up to date beyond the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. More details.
Social Scientists Call for More Research on Human Dimensions of Global Change
Scientists across all disciplines share great concern that our planet is in the process of crossing dangerous biophysical tipping points. The results of a new large-scale global survey among 1,276 scholars from the social sciences and the humanities demonstrates that the human dimensions of the problem are equally important but severely under-addressed.
The survey conducted by the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change (IHDP-UNU) Secretariat in collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Social Science Council (ISSC), identifies the following as highest research priority areas:
1) Equity/equality and wealth/resource distribution;
2) Policy, political systems/governance, and political economy;
3) Economic systems, economic costs and incentives;
4) Globalization, social and cultural transitions.
Food Security and Global Environmental Change
Food security and global environmental change, a synthesis book edited by John Ingram, Polly Ericksen and Diana Liverman of GECAFS has just been published. The book provides a major, accessible synthesis of the current state of knowledge and thinking on the relationship between GEC and food security. Click here for further information.
GECAFS is featured in the latest UNESCO-SCOPE-UNEP Policy Brief - No. 12 entitled Global Environmental Change and Food Security. The brief reviews current knowledge, highlights trends and controversies, and is a useful reference for policy planners, decision makers and stakeholders in the community.
GWSP Digital Water Atlas
The Global Water System


Screen Shot 2013-04-10 at 10.55.52 PM
Back in 2010 we featured a post about a segment from the "What Would You Do?" series from abc News that illustrated the way that race plays a role in who is labeled as deviant and who is given the benefit of the doubt.
The producers had teens vandalize a car in public to see what onlookers would do. To see if race played a role, they tried it with a group of White boys and then with a group of African American boys. Only one 911 call was made on the White boys, but 10 calls were made on the African American teens. Moreover, while the White teens were vandalizing the car, 911 received a call to report the African American boys simply for being asleep in a car, which the caller took as a possible sign they were planning to engage in criminal activity.
We see this same pattern in another "What Would You Do?" segment. This time, a young White man and a young African American man try to remove a lock from a bike as the cameras capture the reactions of onlookers.
The onlooker interviewed toward the end says race played no role in his reaction. But the extremely different reactions to the two teens indicate differences in who is perceived as likely to be engaged in criminal activity, and whose criminal activity we may think deserves being reported to the police, rather than given a disapproving tsk-tsk as we walk on by.


How the Diceconomy system works
At first glance, the Diceconomy system used in Runeblade and Vector might seem counter-intuitive to most gamers used to conventional dice pools. Unlike the more standard sort of mechanic where characters have a chance of success at their own action, represented by a number of dice thrown to determine the actual success or failure, the dice in these games represent a slightly different sort of commodity.
And "commodity" is indeed an apt word, for the dice themselves, as well as what they represent – narrative control – serve as currency during play. A typical dice pool also represents narrative control: the odds of being able to interpret the outcome of the event in question are mapped to the character's relevant skill level, but the end result is still whether the player gets what he or she wanted from the event, or whether the gamemaster complicates events with a failure or alternate result.
What's tricky about Diceconomy is that the dice can represent both short-term and long-term narrative control. The short-term effects are immediately apparent in the assigning of narrative details based on successful dice in a roll, but the long-term narrative control occurs as the dice change hands based on successes, failures, rolling, and the Rule of Keeping. The closer a character gets to getting 10 dice of his or her character's color, the more Denouements that player will get to narrate, and the closer to invoking the Endgame.
While cagey players might thus try to hoard dice to retain as much control as possible, especially if they come from a traditional RPG mindset, the system functions best if there is a free flow of dice around the table. According to the Rule of Colors, players get to add details to a scene if their color of dice show successes no matter who rolls them. Additionally, under most circumstances, an offering player stand to actually gain dice, since they reclaim all failed dice from their offer and get to steal failed dice of their color from the player who rolled, if any.
Let's see how this works in practice in an example scene from a game of Runeblade. Several scenes into the plot, Joe, playing the Wielder, has control of a scene. He provides as his opening detail that he has reached the foothills overlooking the gates of the palace of the Nemesis, played by Lori. She agrees to this, adding that the entrance is situated over a fissure, through which flows a river of volcanic magma. The Blade's player, Patty, smirks and adds that the armies of the Nemesis are closing in behind the Wielder. (Note that she did not say, "…and forcing him to move forward," as this would break the Rule of Sanctity. If the Wielder wants to try to break through, outflank, or even face the armies instead of entering the palace, that's Joe's choice to make.) The Nemesis's Boon is the ability to set an additional detail per scene, so Lori gets one more: she really likes Patty's contribution, and suspects she knows what the Blade is scheming, so she chooses to embellish with, "…and they have a dragon."
Joe raises a suspicious eyebrow at this, but he doesn't quibble, and the initial details are set. Now, we'll go through the roll without using the other Boons or Banes first, for the sake of simplicity. He decides he wants to try to make a running jump of the chasm with the enhanced strength given to him by the Blade, putting in four white dice. (He's a heroic character with a magical artifact, after all, and his own dice will either give him narrative details to conclude the scene or just go back to his pool, so there's no harm in putting them out.) Lori offers two red dice, with the complications "the gap is wider than you thought, and there's only a narrow lip right below the gates," but a white die as well: "…but there is clear room for a running start right in front of the drawbridge." Joe thinks that Lori is setting him up to be smashed under the bridge, but takes the dice and accepting the complication. Patty then grins evilly and passes Joe a black die and a white die and returns the favor to Lori from earlier, building upon the previous detail. "With the gap slightly wider than you thought, you almost fall short, sinking the Blade into the lip of the fissure to catch yourself at the last second."
Now Joe's hackles are really up, but he decides to accept these as well, so he takes them and rolls. He has his own four white dice, plus two offered white dice and one each of red and black. It's a lucky roll for everyone: Joe's white dice are a 4 and three 5s – all successes! The white die from Lori also comes up 6, but the white die from Patty only has a 3, which is a failure. One red die rolls a meager 2, but the other and the black die each come up 5, giving Patty and Lori each a narrative detail to contribute, while Joe gets a whopping five details. Heroic indeed! He begins by narrating how the Wielder uses the Blade's leverage to flip up out of the maw of the crevasse and right in front of the gates. He chooses to play it safe with his next detail, adding that the guards along the wall atop the gates haven't got a bead on him thanks to the steep angle from their vantage.
Patty thinks of a good detail and interjects that the Blade twists of its own volition in the arc from the Wielder's flip out of the fissure, slashing down of its own accord onto the massive bolt and cleaving it in two. Joe silently notes that the Blade's Fate seems to involve getting him into the palace, but says nothing about it, though he adds that the gates creak apart just enough that the Wielder can slip inside. Lori only has one detail to contribute, so she chooses to have a crew manning a siege engine stationed inside the main entry tunnel. Uh-oh! Joe uses his two remaining details to point out that the crew weren't meant specifically to stop him and are not properly in position, as well as mentioning that the darkness of the corridor makes it all but impossible to effectively train their massive cannon on him as a target. However, he's still now standing in the entrance of his archenemy's fortress in front of a siege bombard with no clear way of escape – until the next scene!
That should demonstrate how the dice function in the immediate sense of narrating a scene. As for the greater ebb and flow of dice, here are some of the things that could have happened:
* Patty could have chosen to be more devious and only pass a black die to Joe – which his Wielder's Bane would have made him accept even without any additional sweetening.
* Lori, however, would have had to offer an equal number of white dice to her red dice thanks to the Nemesis's Bane.
* Finally, Joe came only one die away from invoking the Rule of Keeping: he could have turned the failed red die into yet another white die for his pool. Instead, it will return to Lori's pool to use again.
See the trade-off? A player can get narrative control now by offering a die that comes up a success, but that die leaves your pool, whereas you get your dice back for later if you don't get a narrative detail out of it. You also get to add more narrative complications by taking the risk and offering dice, rather than being stingy with them and gaining nothing in the short term.
Hopefully, you've already downloaded and shared Runeblade and/or Vector, but if you haven't yet, feel free to download them from the Games page to try at your own table. More Diceconomy nano-games are coming down the pipeline.
2 thoughts on "How the Diceconomy system works"
 1. Thank you for offering these games for free. I read this, but I am confused. The rule of failure seems to conflict with the rule of keeping.
 Wielder (white) controls the scene and rolls one white die. Blade (black) offers one black die. Per the wielder's bane, this cannot be refused. Ignore the Nemesis (red) for the moment.
 Wielder rolls one white die and one (offered) black die, the white die is success, the black die is failure.
 The rule of failure reads: If a failed die was offered it is returned to the offering player's pool. So the black die should return to the Blade.
 The rule of keeping reads: If all dice of your character come up success, and at least one die of another character's color offered to you comes up failure, turn one of those failures into a die of your color and add it to your pool. Which means the black die turns white and gets added to the Wielder's pool of white dice.
 These contradict. What is the intent?
 1. Thanks for the question and your interest! The answer is in the wording, but it's subtle: the indication is in the phrases "turn … into" and "add it to your pool". The Rule of Keeping will trump the Rule of Failure because the die that was offered no longer exists, instead being replaced entirely by a different die. The new die doesn't "remember" being a different color or having been rolled.
 I'll work on some clearer phrasing for those rules for an update to the documents.
Comments are closed.


text:
As We Prepare for Defoliation and Harvest in 2017….. (Collins & Edmisten)
It's still early in the game, but its not too early to be thinking and planning defoliation and harvest strategies for this fall. The 2017 crop appears to be more variable than this time last year, however we still have higher than normal yield potential across the state compared to most years, at this point in time. Naturally, we are all nervous as we have seen how fall weather can negatively impact high yield potential at the very end of the season, for two years in a row now. Every year is different, but we can apply what we've learned to hopefully be better prepared for the harvest season.
Once again, our crop is later than normal. This is not necessarily a bad thing, however it makes it difficult to strategize defoliation with any certainty at this point in time. Given that we had some later planted cotton in 2016, it wouldn't hurt to revisit our thoughts on defoliation suggestions from previous articles here.
With that said, I sincerely hope and pray that we can somehow avoid any tropical storms, hurricanes, or prolonged wet and cloudy periods this fall. Our growers badly need a clear and open harvest season. We can not control the weather, nor predict it beyond a few days at best, however there are some things that we can do in a few situations to perhaps minimize the impact of weather. Below are a few scenarios worth discussing.
- Storms that may occur in the next couple of weeks: Theres not much we can do in this scenario, and the outcome will depend on severity of a potential storm and the weather following. We don't know IF we will experience a storm in the next couple of weeks. We don't know how strong winds will be nor how much rain it will bring, IF we get one. There is no good time to have a storm, but early is usually less damaging than later, when more cotton is open. This is especially the case when ideal conditions occur following a storm. Most, if not all of the cotton crop is made at this point but it is still too early to begin defoliating most fields. There may be a few smaller bolls towards the top of the plant that may benefit from a little more rain, but these bolls do not require much rain and will need sunny weather too. Another component in determining risk or potential impact from near-future storms is planting date and maturity of each field. Earlier planted cotton, or otherwise earlier maturing cotton, already has several more bolls opened at this point in time, compared to later planted or later maturing cotton. Earlier maturing cotton is more vulnerable to a storm because of its opened bolls, or bolls that will be cracking during the next couple of weeks. Naturally, high winds and significant rainfall will have a greater impact on opened or cracking bolls, which obviously can lead to weathering losses, boll rot and hardlock. However, as we observed in 2016, the weather following a storm is also important. In 2015, prolonged rainy weather caused widespread seed sprouting and severe quality losses. In 2016, Hermine brought significant rains followed by prolonged cloudy and wet conditions, leading to severe boll rot and hardlock of the bottom crop of later maturing cotton and the entire crop of earlier maturing cotton. However, if a storm moves through quickly, and sunny and dry weather quickly replace it, the impact of the storm could be less, especially on later maturing cotton. Ideally, IF we HAVE to have storm, it will bring minimal rains and wind, followed quickly by sunny and dry weather. In the worst case scenario, high winds and heavy rains can cause plants to topple over and tangle, and will be followed by prolonged damp or wet conditions. Bolls approaching maturity and those that are touching the ground or entangled by leaves are more prone to hardlock or rot, especially if they do not dry out quickly following the storm. Earlier maturing cotton will be most susceptible to these effects.
- Storms that occur in late September or early October: Hindsight is always 20/20. During the week prior to hurricane Matthew that hit on October 8th of 2016, many growers were frantically defoliating their crop to avoid additional delays in defoliation and harvest. This is understandable, but it can be costly, depending on the situation. Again, there was a lot of uncertainty over the likely path that Matthew would take, and some forecasters thought that it would move off of our coast, even on the day that it hit. The weather following Matthew was ideal, but we did not know that at the time. IF a similar situation occurs again, there are a few recommendations to consider for a few likely scenarios. A. Cotton that still has a number of unopened bolls: In fields where there are still several upper bolls that have not yet cracked, it is generally wise to wait until the storm passes before defoliating. When bolls are not yet opened, they are relatively protected from the elements in terms of both yield and quality. There are several fields where the top crop represents a significant proportion of the total crop, therefore it is important to protect these bolls. There is not much we can do about the bolls that have already opened when a storm hits. When a boll first cracks open, ideally the weather would be dry so that the burs (carpal walls) can dry out. As the burs dry, they retract, which exposes the lint appropriately so that it can be grabbed by spindles. If conditions are damp, wet, cloudy, etc. during the first few days following boll cracking, the burs will not dry appropriately, therefore resulting in hard lock and or boll rot. If this occurs, it is unlikely that affected bolls will be harvestable. Therefore, if we initiate defoliation slightly before a storm hits, we could crack a few bolls right in the middle of high-moisture conditions which would not be good. Additionally, cotton will likely lodge and tangle in periods of high winds. This is generally more common when a number of closed bolls in the upper part of the plant make the plant top heavy. Generally speaking, defoliation after the storm passes can sometimes be more effective in "standing the cotton back up". Lastly, regrowth is always a concern when tropical events result in significant rainfall. If significant rains result from a potential storm, we can expect to see more regrowth than normal. Additionally, heavy rains will delay our ability to re-enter fields and resume defoliating, therefore regrowth will increase the more we are delayed. Defoliating just prior to a storm may not adequately prevent additional regrowth, depending on how much time elapses before harvesters can re-enter fields, and some fields will likely need a second "clean-up" application. Delaying defoliation until after a storm passes will likely help us address regrowth issues a little more effectively once we can get back into fields. B. Cotton with ALL bolls opened: We are not likely to have much impact (good or bad) with regard to defoliation timing in fields where all bolls are already opened. Theoretically, the presence of leaves could somewhat shield against mild rains, but may also not allow for rapid drying of lint after the storm passes. The protection of lint from leaves may be miniscule if we experience very heavy rain and wind. A storm can occasionally thrash leaves around, producing ethylene, which may allow for self-defoliation to some degree. This could theoretically improve defoliation efficacy later by ridding of some leaves prior to our harvest aid application. Regardless, we still advise defoliating in sunny conditions (cloudy weather may result in suboptimal defoliation). As mentioned above, we might also be better suited to address regrowth issues by waiting to defoliate after the storm passes.
Pros versus Cons: Depending on the situation and severity of any potential storm, there is little incentive to prior to a storm, other than potentially being able to start or resume harvest a little earlier after the storm passes. There may or may not be much advantage in waiting to defoliate depending on your particular situation, but we recommend thorough evaluation on a field by field basis with consideration to the situations described above to decide which approach may be best. Regardless, it is always wise to only defoliate the fields that you are fairly certain can be harvested within 10 days to two weeks after defoliation. Defoliating too much at one time may result in the inability to harvest in a timely manner, prolonging cotton's exposure to weathering and likely resulting in regrowth. Within your power, harvest cotton as timely as you can following defoliation.


Citizenship: Stop And Search Rights
Aim Stop and search project aims to educate teenagers about their rights, how to deal with stop and search situations with understanding procedures that are put in place to safeguard young people and their communities.
The Parent and Teenager Engagement programme
Aim Parents to understand teenagers lives, how to address issues young people face within home and society. Exploring positive engagement methods to build sustainable relationships. Communications and common ground = relationships.
Safeguarding Training: On Line Grooming Child Sexual Exploitation
Aim Educate, raise awareness on Child Sexual Exploitation, the signs and how to report it. Understanding on line grooming and how young people are become vulnerable to On line perpetrators. Identifying a issue and implementing solutions. Young people will interact/participate in activities which are hard hitting through alternative education.
Hate crime
Aim To gain a wider understanding of rights, understanding hate crime and the rise of islamophobia, how to address this and report without feeling targeted or intimidate. What is Hate crime, what are our rights Equip individuals with the education, awareness of their role and presence within society.


advection,in climatologyatmospheric science, change in a property of a moving mass of air because the mass moves to a region where the property has a different value (e.g., the change in temperature when a warm air mass moves into a cool region). Attention can be centred on Advection can refer to either the horizontal or vertical components of the motion, but the term advection commonly signifies only the horizontal transport of air.


Neptune 3 UI - App Architecture
Neptune 3 UI uses a common architecture and principles for all of its apps: the Core UI Architecture.
Core UI Architecture
The Core UI Architecture adapts the component-based architecture, by breaking the UI down into individual UI components, to ensure component reusability. A component encapsulates both the functionality and behavior of a software element into a reusable unit.
Component-based software design has many advantages over the traditional object-oriented software design, such as:
 - Reduced time-to-market and development costs by reusing existing components.
 - Increased reliability by reusing existing components.
In general, Neptune 3 differentiates between UI primitives, like rectangles and images, and controls, like buttons. To combine several UI primitives and controls, you use panels or views, which are specific container types used to layout other containers as child UI types or controls. UI primitives are only used inside controls, because the controls can style the UI. The difference between a panel and a view is that the view interfaces with the stores, the app's business layer.
An app is usually designed around a specific context, often using a particular area of the service API, and can also depend on common services to be aware of the overall system's state. The aim of the Core UI Architecture is to avoid situations where the UI has dependencies on these common services; instead, they should be wrapped as a store entity.
The store is the only entity that is allowed to talk to service instances. Besides being the adapter to the service interfaces, the store provides the necessary business logic to achieve a clean UI. Consequently, the UI should only contain visual logic and exclude any business logic.
In turn, the UI itself is divided into several UI elements, some of which are allowed to have a reference to the store; but not others. Managing these dependencies in such a strict way allows these components to stay testable in a later stage of the project. This type of architecture also allows the developer to isolate a part of the UI and work solely in that part, independently, without being tied to service dependencies.
Example architecture:
Based on the diagram above:
 - Stores: Encapsulate the access to the service API and contain required business logic
 - Views: Have a reference to a store which provides the necessary information to others
 - Panels: Container for other controls and panels. A panel should not have any dependency to a store or a view
 - Controls: Re-usable visual element which has no external data dependencies, besides primitives
 - Helpers: Collection of some operations.
A store is a data-driven object, that encapsulates the business logic in an app; it is the only portion of the UI that uses the service layer. A store can have child stores which can be further forwarded to sub-trees in the UI. Ideally, a store has an interface that defines the API for the store to be tested. Views would only see this interface so that they do not depend on a concrete store. The store that inherits the abstract interface then fills it with values from the required service and feeds the UI. Alternatively, developers can also use the store interface and feed the UI via static simulation data or an automated simulation backend that runs the states required to provide the desired data.
A view is a container for UI panels; this is the only container that depends on a store inside the app. Other UI parts need to be clear that they do not have any dependencies to any stores like views do, to make sure these components are easy to test.
The image above is an example of a simple widget view in a Music App. It is a container that holds the music control panel and an album art panel. This view takes the information from the music store that is interfaced with the music service, which provides a collection of songs to the app.
A panel is a container for controls and other panels. Normally, a panel is a layout of controls with a set of functionalities to support the app, such as the Music Control Panel shown below:
A control in this context is an app-specific control that is used only by the app itself. For example, the play, previous, and next button in the image above.
A helper is an object that contains computing functions, but no properties. A typical helper is a set of JavaScript functions, which (if required) could later be moved into C++ code depending on the app's requirements.
UI Harnesses
The architecture described above gives the developer the capability to work independently without depending on some services. Neptune 3 UI's harnesses are located in the tests folder where they are also used by the unit tests.
In many large-scale UI projects, it is very common that UI developers have to run the whole UI just to see changes on a small UI component. In comparison, the UI Harness enables developers to do UI live reloading, such as via QmlLive, during the development process, which can significantly boost their productivity.
Below is an example of the UI harness for the instrument cluster that uses some static data to simulate a particular state and can be run independently using qmlscene or qmllive without the need to run the whole UI.
// tests/ClusterHarness.qml
import QtQuick 2.8
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import views 1.0
import stores 1.0
import shared.Style 1.0
import shared.Sizes 1.0
Item {
 id: root
 width: Sizes.dp(1920)
 height: Sizes.dp(720)
 Image {
 anchors.fill: parent
 source: Style.image("instrument-cluster-bg")
 fillMode: Image.Stretch
 // The Cluster View that shows large parts of the cluster
 ClusterView {
 anchors.fill: parent
 rtlMode: root.LayoutMirroring.enabled
 // A mocked cluster store to test the cluster view
 // independently from any services it normally would
 // depend on
 store: ClusterStoreInterface {
 id: dummystore
 navigationMode: false
 speed: 0.0
 speedLimit: 120
 speedCruise: 40.0
 driveTrainState: 2
 ePower: 50
 lowBeamHeadlight: true
 highBeamHeadlight: true
 fogLight: true
 stabilityControl: true
 seatBeltFasten: true
 leftTurn: true
 rightTurn: true
 absFailure: true
 parkBrake: true
 tyrePressureLow: true
 brakeFailure: true
 airbagFailure: true


text: This picture shows a flowerpot microphone and an older pyramid pressure zone microphone mounted on a roof in Alfred, New York USA. This station has operated every fall since 1991. The mikes are mounted on wood pallets that are tied down to the roof with strong rope. In the case of the flowerpot, you can see that it is propped up with sections of two by four wood blocks so that it is aimed vertically at the sky. The trees in the background are far enough away that their associated wind and insect noise is not a impediment. So, an important consideration before you build one of these microphones is to make sure that you have a suitable location to mount it; one without overhanging trees or close sources of insect or frog noise. Often the mike can be mounted on the roof so that the peak of the roof or some other structure can act as a barrier from direct wind buffeting. In the case above, the mikes are mounted on the south side of the roof's peak for fall migration monitoring. However, you want to make sure that structures on the roof are not so high above the mike that they reflect sound waves on an unimpeded vector to the microphone element. This will result in picking up reflected sound energy that will impede the clarity of the recorded sound.


Study mode:Full-time Languages: English Duration:48 months
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Full-time students are eligible to apply for a financial-assistance package which is renewable for a total of four years.
The four-year package consists of a teaching assistantship together with an offer of part-time summer employment paying at least $4,200 each summer.
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text:
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
Generally, suitable for debate or argument. More specifically, forensics also refers to the use of science or technology to discover evidence for a court of law. For example, the forensics department of a police force may investigate crimes using science and technology.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:16 pm


text: An economic indicator that measures the output per hour of work for non-farm business production. Can be used in conjunction with the rate of change in GAP to determine whether economic growth is likely to be inflationary. A separate component measures unit labor costs, an important indicator of future inflation. Frequency: quarterly. Source: Labor Department.


, we would very probably only support 1 API using labelled arguments. Unfortunately, because we are creating bindings for a JavaScript API, we try to match their API so that it is easier for clients of our bindings to convert their code.
 3. Note how we pass a unit (()) to limit the end of our labelled arguments because otherwise the compiler would assume we are just doing currying.
Finally, we need to create a binding for the endOf function. We can write it like this:
[_USER_.send.pipe : dt]
external endOf :
 [ | 'year | 'month | 'week | 'day | 'hour | …]
 ) =>
 dt = "";
Note how we are using a poly variant type together with the [_USER_.string] attribute to constrain the set of arguments that can be passed to this function[2]. We just improved upon the original JavaScript by adding compile-time argument checking. This would have been impossible in pure JavaScript but because we are writing OCaml, we can do this kind of thing.
We can now compare the 2 full examples in Reason and JavaScript, and notice that they are not that different:
 .minus({ weeks: 1 })
And now in Reason:
let myDate =
 |> setZone("America/New_York")
 |> endOf('day);
Example #2 (mysql.js)
Alright, that was cool. Now let's take a look at another example that makes use of the Js API that ships with Bucklescript.
Let's take a look at a code snippet that uses the mysql JS library:
var mysql = require("mysql");
var connection = mysql.createConnection({ host: "", user: "root" });
connection.query("SHOW DATABASES", function (error, results, fields) {
 if (error) {
 console.log(results, fields);
I created bindings for this library recently and at first, this is how a client would use my bindings:
let conn = Mysql.createConnection(
Mysql.query(conn, "SHOW DATABASES", (error, results, fields) =>
 switch (Js.Nullable.to_opt(error)) {
 | None =>
 | Some(error) => Js.log(error##message)
Pretty similar to the JavaScript right? Note that the error parameter in the callback (which is a nullable type in JavaScript) is converted to an Option type in Reason. This is because in OCaml, there are no nullable types and we use the Option variant type to achieve a similar goal.
Note, too, that this API is not actually very good. The user could skip the Option variant checking and dangerously check the values of results and fields. This is a problem in the original JavaScript API but we can improve on it by making our bindings force a better API:
let conn = Mysql.createConnection(
Mysql.query(conn, "SHOW DATABASES", result => {
 switch (result) {
 | Ok(results) => Js.log(results.results)
 | Error(err) => Js.log(err##message)
As a member of the audience cleverly pointed out here, this sort of API is not new even in the JavaScript world. Promises can be used to solve this issue (and mysql2) addresses this problem by using promises for their async APIs. However, the original 'mysql.js library does not support that, but we improved upon it in our Reason bindings.
The other way round (consuming Reason libraries with JavaScript)
Because Bucklescript produces sane (readable) JavaScript code, one would expect that it would be straightforward to consume your Reason code using JavaScript. And it is, but only sometimes.
Example #1
Let's, once again, take a look at an example:
let isAre = n => n == 1? "is" : "are";
We can write that Reason function in a simple file and Bucklescript will generate the following:
'use strict';
function isAre(n) {
 var match = +(n === 1);
 if (match!== 0) {
 return "is";
 } else {
 return "are";
exports.isAre = isAre;
/* No side effect */
Note that:
 1. All functions and top-level values are automatically exported in the generated Bucklescript output.
 2. The function that we created is very similar in JavaScript. Its argument is a number and the output is also a string.
We can easily consume this function using JavaScript, like so:
const { isAre } = require("./demo.bs");
const word = "meetups";
console.log('${word} ${isAre(word, 3)} fun');
// => meetups are fun
Example #2
I wrote this simple function using Reason for validating required fields in a form:
let requiredFieldValidator = value =>
 if (String.length(value) == 0) {
 Js.Option.some("Field is required.");
 } else {
It can be used like this, in Reason:
switch (requiredFieldValidator("test")) {
| None => Js.log("all good")
| Some(err) => Js.log("invalid field: " ++ err)
If you try to consume it from JavaScript, weird things can happen. This is because JavaScript has no variants and as so, you would simply get the Bucklescript internal representation for variants in JavaScript.
Let's take a look at what that is:
OCaml Type JS Internal Representation
int number
string string
tuple array
list [] -> 0
[1] -> 1
[1, 2] -> [1, [2, 0]]
option('a) None -> 0
Some(a) -> [a]
Note that it is 0 for None option variants and [a] for Some option variants. We should never depend on the internal representation of values in JavaScript (they might be changed in the future).
We should, instead, take advantage of Bucklescript APIs that let us interop with them, from JavaScript:
let requiredFieldValidator = value =>
 if (String.length(value) == 0) {
 Js.Option.some("Field is required.");
 } else {
let requiredFieldValidatorJs = value =>
const { requiredFieldValidatorJs } = require("./demo.bs");
// => null
// => "Field is required"
Example #3
type person = {
 age: int,
 name: string
let personToString = (p: person) => {
 let name = p.name;
 let age = p.age;
 {j|$(name) is $(age) years old|j};
let david = {
 age: 22,
 name: "David Gomes"
/* => "David Gomes is 22 years old" */
In the above snippet, we declare a new record type person and a simple function personToString that outputs a string representing a person record. We then create a new record called david (note that Bucklescript automatically infers the type of david as person), and use the personToString function on it.
Given that records are currently implemented as arrays in the Bucklescript generated code, one would maybe think about consuming this function like this:
const { personToString } = require("./demo.bs");
console.log(personToString([22, "david"]));
However, as I explained before, we should never do this, because we are depending on the internal representation of record types. We can instead do this:
[_USER_.deriving jsConverter]
type person = {
 age: int,
 name: string
const { personFromJs, personToString } = require("./demo.bs");
 name: "David",
 age: 22,
The [_USER_.deriving] jsConverter, documented here, adds two functions to the generated Bucklescript code — personFromJs and personToJs. These functions do what you would expect them to do, which comes in very handy!
Key Takeaways
Let's summarize 8 things we learnt during the talk (or this accompanying blog post):
1 — Think twice before you start to bind
You don't always need to create bindings. Sometimes it might be better to just Rewrite It In Reason™, or to look for existing bindings. Use Redex or the Discord chat for this.
2 – Gradually reach full type safety, don't be afraid to start slowly
You should start your path to full type safety-ness by iterating on ever-more typed code. Don't be afraid to use raw JavaScript code and patch it up later!
3 – Bindings don't need to be 1-1 mappings of the original API (and probably shouldn't be)
As we saw in our examples, bindings don't have to be perfect copies of the original JavaScript API. In fact, they shouldn't be because OCaml is different from JavaScript, and so you should try to do things in a more OCaml-y way.
4 – You can (and should) write test for bindings
Here's an example from bs-luxon that uses Jest (and bs-jest):
test("DateTime.local(2017) is the beginning of the year", () => {
 let dt = DateTime.local(~year=2017, ());
 |> toEqual({
 "year": 2017,
 "month": 1,
 "day": 1,
 "hour": 0,
 "minute": 0,
 "second": 0,
 "millisecond": 0
The best way to write tests for your bindings is to simply copy the original library tests. The above example is a rewritten test from the original Luxon Jest test set.
5 — You should use interface (.rei/.mli) files
This technique is very popular in OCaml because it allows for a separation of concerns between type signatures and actual implementation details.
6 – Inspect your JS output every now


text:
Develop technical imaging to support processes spanning the Clean Process and Surface Engineering core capabilities. This could include clean process, non-contact handling, as well as surface engineering.
Support all Corning business divisions and all stages of product innovation.
- Provide imaging expertise to help solve process problems
- Provide leadership in testing proof of concept/feasibility for new manufacturing processes or significant capability improvement of existing manufacturing processes.
- Support projects by improving processes and solving problems based on fundamental understanding gained through the use of the scientific method as well as imaging
- Work with others to investigate manufacturing process alternatives and down select based on the technical fundamentals
- Conduct hands on work in a laboratory environment
- Maintaining contacts with groups outside of RD&E to facilitate problem identification and solutions.
- Maintaining labs, process equipment, and lab materials
- Document work and generate IP as appropriate
- Record and analyze process data using statistics
- Communicate project status and updates to work group
- Travel Requirements: <25% some international required
- Hours of work/work schedule/flex-time: Typically 8-5
- Minimum BS Mechanical, Electrical, or other Engineering degree
- Minimum 5 years work experience
- Experience with imaging hardware and digital image analysis software
- Able to assess imaging setup requirements based on process observations
- Creative/innovative problem solving skills unique to image capture and setup
- Experience in conducting experiments, recording/tracking data in a laboratory environment including post image analysis
- Able to effectively work within the ever changing and dynamic work environment associated with early stage projects
- Organized with good planning and time management skills
- Ability to balance multiple priorities
- Proficient in Microsoft Excel, formulas, graphing, etc.
- Able to work with a variety of lab equipment
- Troubleshooting and problem solving skills
- Strong laboratory and experimental practices
- The ability to learn new technologies and processes quickly
- Good communication skills both verbal and written, including accurate recording of experiments, creating detailed documents, and reporting out or presentation within team.
- General knowledge of Corning organization and processes and business systems
- Some level of mechanical aptitude/equipment understanding
- Hard-working, learns quickly and independently
- Ability to build relationships across functional groups
- Integrate well into the team environment
- Communication skills (written & oral)
- Ability to access network to get things done
- Independence and team-work
- Highly motivated, willing to take initiative
- Demonstrated dependability
/* Style Definitions */
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}


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Feb. 15, 2013
North Central College would like to take this opportunity to announce that applications are now being accepted for the full-time, exempt position of Programmer/Analyst. Working within the Information Technology Services department, the Programmer/Analyst is responsible for analyzing, designing, developing, programming, testing, deploying and maintaining systems and applications that support and enhance the business, management and academic needs of the College. This includes ongoing support of these applications. The Programmer/Analyst is also responsible for custom application and report creation. This person works closely with departments to develop automated solutions that improve efficiency and effectiveness of the College.
General Responsibilities:
- Design, program, test and implement new applications or enhancements to existing applications and systems. Applications and systems include but are not limited to Ellucian (Datatel) Colleague and WebAdvisor, and Entrinsik Informer.
- Design, program, test, implement and document systems and procedures as requested via the ITS ticketing system or as directed by the Administrative Systems Manager.
- Provide support and training to ITS team and end users of College software packages. Some of these software programs may include: Colleague Studio, WebWizard and WebAdvisor (Merlin).
- Provide end-user training on the use of the Ellucian system, including all customized applications and third party applications.
- Develop, program and test new forms, reports, screens, as directed by system patches, updates or approved user requests.
- Continuously evaluate manual systems, workflow and processes, offering an automated and efficient process where appropriate. Provide timely technical assistance by responding to inquiries from users and ITS staff regarding Ellucian errors, problems, or questions about Ellucian programs. Create short-term fixes and offer long-term solutions based upon Ellucian Colleague's functionality. Troubleshoot and analyze problems making modifications as necessary.
- Maintain knowledge of changing Ellucian Colleague and WebAdvisor modules in order to effectively meet the needs of the Colleague user. Understand Ellucian Colleague's functions, features and input and output requirements.
Required Knowledge, Skills And Abilities:
- Demonstrated programming experience within the last five years using languages such as C, Visual Basic, or Unidata.
- Familiarity with Windows operating systems, relational database systems and structured query language.
- Strong verbal and written communication skills and interpersonal skills are necessary in order to convey computing concepts effectively to non-technical users.
- Strong initiative and ability to work independently as well as part of a team with excellent customer service skills in a fast-paced environment.
- Excellent project management, systems analysis and design skills. Ability to multitask and work with a large number of individuals concurrently.
- Well organized, detail oriented, flexible and able to prioritize tasks and meet deadlines.
- Active interest in continuous professional development and skill enhancement.
- Accomplished problem-solving skills, trouble-shooting skills and detail oriented.
- Ability to assimilate new information and techniques quickly.
- Ability to be innovative, resourceful, logical, enjoy streamlining and improving processes and be motivated to make a difference in the operations of the College.
Minimum Qualifications:
- A baccalaureate degree is required. A degree in computer science or related information systems field preferred.
- Extensive course work in a high-level programming language required within the last five years.
- A valid driver's license is preferred.
- Proven experience with a high-level programming language within the last five years. Knowledge of database principles. Examples of programming code may be required.
This is only a brief description of the position.
Or via Fax: _PHONE_
Or via E-Mail:


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Two Parts:Housing Your PigsRaising the Pigs
Whether you are planning on raising pigs to be sold for their meat, or to be kept as pets, you will need to know how to house them and care for them. Pigs are valuable animals for their meat and their manure. The rise of the organic eating movement has made consumers more aware of where their meat comes from, and many of them prefer buying from small, local producers than large corporate farms. Scroll down to Step 1 to learn about the process of raising pigs.
Part 1 of 2: Housing Your Pigs
 1. Raise Pigs Step 1 Version 2.jpg
 Build a pig pen. Pigs need a dry, secure place to live that will protect them from the weather and provide enough space to move around. Some people claim that a full grown pig only needs about 20 square feet of space. However, for a truly healthy pig, you should allot each pig about 50 square feet of space.[1] When planning your pig pen out, remember that it is best if the pen is twice as long as it is wide.
 - When making your plans, also keep in mind that pigs tend to relieve themselves near their water supply. Because of this, you should plan to put the water supply on the far end of the pen, away from their food and shelter.
 - If you have a barn with empty stalls in it, you can consider raising your pigs inside the barn. Just keep in mind that you will have to haul the manure they produce out of the barn.
 2. 2
 Install a sturdy wire fence around the pen. Use a woven fence that is "hog tight" with a board on the bottom to discourage digging. The best way to build your fence is to map out the area you will house your pig(s) in and then build a sturdy wooden fence around the area. When your fence is built, attach 4×2 welded wire to the inside of the fence so that if the pigs push on it, it won't go anywhere.[2]
 - A movable electric fence is a good option for pigs that will be used to pasture other parts of a farm or land, and will be herded in and out of the pen.
 3. 3
 Include at least a partial shelter. Pigs can sunburn if they do not have protection from the direct sunlight in hot weather. In cold weather, pigs will seek protection from cold and wind. The best setup is a three-sided, roofed structure that can be placed inside the fenced in area. Many pig farmers recommend that you provide your pigs with at least 15 to 20 square feet of shade. The roof doesn't need to be higher than four feet tall.[3]
 - Remember to leave a partial opening under the eaves of the structure so that heat can escape during the hotter months of the year.
 - In the winter, you should put hay down inside the shelter that your smaller pigs can warm themselves in.
 4. Raise Pigs Step 4 Version 2.jpg
 Consider providing your pig(s) with a mud wallow. It's true--pigs love mud. Pigs have a hard time regulating their temperatures, and when faced with a high heat, a mud wallow looks just like a swimming pool to your piggies. To build a mud wallow, section off one part of the pen. You can build a low lying fence or trough to keep the mud in just one section. Till up the earth where your mud bath will be and then add water to the area once or twice a day (perhaps more if you live in a particularly hot climate).[4]
 - Mud also helps reduce the risk of pigs getting lice, allows them to root (dig up the ground--something they really enjoy doing) and keeps their skin in good condition.
 5. Raise Pigs Step 5.jpg
 Figure out what you're going to do with all the manure. A 100 pound pig can produce about 1.6 pounds of manure per day. You can use this manure to fertilize your garden or crops. You could also consider selling the manure to other local farmers or gardeners who may not have a ready supply.
Part 2 of 2: Raising the Pigs
 1. Raise Pigs Step 6.jpg
 Consider the time of year that you buy your piglets. Pigs grow in size best during warmer weather (60 to 70°F is ideal). If possible, begin your pig raising project in early spring or in late summer--this way, when the piglets are growing the most, they will do so in the best conditions. Surprising as it may sound, a 50 pound piglet, if given access to constant food and water, will grow the 250 pounds (market weight) in approximately 100 days. Talk about a growth spurt.
 2. Raise Pigs Step 7.jpg
 Purchase your pigs. Whether you are raising your pig as a pet or for meat, you will need to select a healthy pig from a good breeder. Unless you have money to spare, you should focus your search to pig farms in your area that have piglets for sale. When looking at piglets, avoid buying any that are scratching or coughing. If you notice that 20% or so of the pigs at the farm you are visiting look sick, you should consider purchasing a pig somewhere else.[5]
 - Keep in mind that if you go to a pig sale where multiple breeders are showing their pigs, the pigs will probably be rather stressed out. They also become more susceptible to sickness.
 3. Raise Pigs Step 8.jpg
 Provide your pig with enough water. Pigs drink a lot of water. On average, they will consume 2 to 4 gallons (7.6 to 15 l) of water per day. Keep a tub rooted to the ground and fill it with clean water throughout the day. If you simply set the tub on the ground, the pig will most likely tip it over and play with it.
 4. Raise Pigs Step 9.jpg
 Pick out a good feed for your pigs. As you might guess, pigs are really good at eating. In general, you should plan to use pre-mixed feeds to ensure that your pigs have a well balanced diet. A 50 pound piglet should be fed a commercial feed that is 16% protein, while a 125 pound pig would do find with a 14% protein mix--though some farmers prefer to keep their feed at 16%. A pig should gain 1 lb. (0.45 kg) per day.
 5. Raise Pigs Step 10.jpg
 Give your pigs some leftovers. Pigs are sometimes referred to as living garbage disposals--which is a pretty accurate sentiment. However, keep the feed as their main course and give them scraps as a side dish. You can feed your pigs fruits, vegetables, meat scraps, garden clippings, and even spoiled eggs. Just make sure you are not feeding your pigs only scraps.[6]
 - Keep in mind that things that are poisonous to humans (like rhubarb leaves or certain berries) are also poisonous to pigs. You should also avoid feeding your pig raw potatoes and raw meat, as both can be poisonous or carry bad bacteria.
 - Some professional pig farmers think it is best to boil any 'human' food that you are planning on giving to your pigs. Doing this will guard your piggies against any bad bacteria that the food might contain.[7]
 6. Raise Pigs Step 11.jpg
 Guard your pigs against internal parasites. Pigs have a tendency to get internal parasites because they root around in mud and manure all day. Ask a local vet to prescribe your pigs an anthelmintic that will kill any worms they might have. It is recommended that worm your pig every four to six weeks.[8]
 7. Raise Pigs Step 12.jpg
 Sell your pigs for money. If you are planning on selling your pigs, you should do so when they have grown to 200 to 250 pounds (90 to 114 kg). When the pigs are ready to be sold at a market, they will be priced based on size and health. Bring the pigs to a livestock auction or to individuals and local stores. Make an appointment with a local slaughterhouse.
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Don't say: Eat more fats.
 - Don't buy too young of a pig, for it should stay with its mother for 6 weeks.
 - Approved pesticides can be used on pigs to control lice and mites.
 - Remember to check the fence security routinely. Pigs are intelligent animals who dig naturally. They will detect any weaknesses in the fence and get loose if there is an opportunity.
 - Never feed raw meat to pigs. The meat can carry disease, and federal regulations prohibit selling pig meat if the animal has been fed raw meat.
Things You


text:
Postprint version. Published in International Journal of Obesity, Volume 33, Issue 10, October 1, 2009, pages _PHONE_. Copyright © 2009 Nature Publishing Group. The definitive version is available at _URL_
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary strategies, and use of fatand sugar-modified foods and beverages in a weight loss maintainer group (WLM) and an always-normal weight group (NW).
Subjects: WLM (N=172) had maintained ≥10% weight loss for 11.5 years, and had a body mass index (BMI) of 22.0 kg m-2. NW (N=131) had a BMI of 21.3 kg m-2 and no history of being overweight. Three, 24-h recalls on random, non-consecutive days were used to assess dietary intake.
Results: WLM reported consuming a diet that was lower in fat (28.7 vs 32.6%, P<0.0001) and used more fat-modification strategies than NW. WLM also consumed a significantly greater percentage of modified dairy (60 vs 49%; P=0.002) and modified dressings and sauces (55 vs 44%; P=0.006) than NW. WLM reported consuming three times more daily servings of artificially sweetened soft drinks (0.91 vs 0.37; P=0.003), significantly fewer daily servings of sugar-sweetened soft drinks (0.07 vs 0.16; P=0.03) and more daily servings of water (4.72 vs 3.48; P=0.002) than NW.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that WLM use more dietary strategies to accomplish their weight loss maintenance, including greater restriction on fat intake, use of fatand sugar-modified foods, reduced consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and increased consumption of artificially sweetened beverages. Ways to promote the use of fat-modified foods and artificial sweeteners merits further research in both preventionand treatment-controlled trials.