text:
hypothesis but some of its strongest supporters have been Australian. Professor Paul Zimmet is director of the International Diabetes Institute in Melbourne and his diabetes research has included work with Pacific and Indian Ocean populations. So what does he thing of the 'thrifty gene' idea?
Paul Zimmet: This is a hypothesis and not yet proven in human populations but there is a beautiful animal model of this, a gerbil, we call it the Israeli sand rat which is very healthy and lives in the desert of Israel which in fact survives in the desert, in that climate on a diet of saltbush and cactus. When you put it into a laboratory and give it western rat food it becomes obese and it gets Type 2 diabetes, when you return it to the desert environment it loses the obesity and the diabetes. And this is a very good example of the hypothesis if it applies to human populations.
Lynne Malcolm: If we could turn now to the paper that's come out recently in the Perspectives in Biology and Medicine journal it dispels the 'thrifty gene' genotype hypothesis. What's your reaction to that paper?
Paul Zimmet: I think that debate is always very healthy, the group that have come out and challenged this are anthropologically and sociologically orientated. I haven't seen any scientific evidence from them that contradicts the hypothesis. As I said there is a clear animal model of it, the only thing is it hasn't been specifically proven in human populations and I actually do not agree with the group that have come out with these comments. As I say they have not produced any scientific data that would dispel the hypothesis.
Lynne Malcolm: They say they have looked at the body of evidence from genetic studies and epidemiological studies and they suggest that there's no consistent evidence to suggest that minority populations are especially genetically susceptible to Type 2 diabetes.
Paul Zimmet: As I said before they have not produced any data that could challenge data that exists amongst reputable scientists around the world that there is a genetic propensity to diabetes and that certain populations have a higher propensity. And it's incontrovertible data so they can say what they like, I would like to see them produce clear scientific evidence against the concept.
Lynne Malcolm: So on the other hand I guess to prove the hypothesis you would need to find a gene specific to indigenous populations that would explain the higher rates of diabetes wouldn't you?
Paul Zimmet: Type 2 diabetes is not a simple disease, and there are very complex metabolic pathways which can result in abnormalities leading to Type 2 diabetes and it's unlikely that there will be one specific gene. It's likely that there will be several genes that interact in different ways but unless there is some change in the environment those genetic abnormalities may not manifest as Type 2 diabetes, there are still people living in traditional lifestyle situations where there is no diabetes. But change that into a modern environment and they get some of the highest rates of diabetes in the world and the Nauru populations is a very good example of that.
Lynne Malcolm: But isn't that the case with all populations that it's a combination of social, environmental and genetic factors and if we were all living a different lifestyle we may not be as susceptible to diabetes?
Paul Zimmet: Well unfortunately that is not the case and we have data for example of high prevalence groups here in Australia living in the same social environment as Europeans and the Europeans have much lower rates of diabetes. I don't think there is anyone in the scientific world who doubts that there is varying susceptibility between populations for Type 2 diabetes and that certain groups such as our own indigenous community, Pacific islanders, south Asian Indians that these are groups with a very high hereditary susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes.
Lynne Malcolm: So you believe that it's still well worthwhile to continue the search for the gene or genes that might make indigenous populations more susceptible?
Paul Zimmet: I think it's very important that we continue the genetic search. We already know actually how to prevent diabetes in high risk people without actually the knowledge of the gene but the actual better knowledge of the gene, not just for indigenous communities, but any other community around the world can lead us to develop better drugs to treat Type 2 diabetes and also to develop tests which we can use to screen communities to see who's at highest risk and which people should then be put into healthy lifestyle programs to prevent them developing Type 2 diabetes.
Lynne Malcolm: Indigenous Australians are three times as likely to develop diabetes so considering the severity of the problem, what are the most important strategies that should be used to address it in a very real and practical way?
Paul Zimmet: Well this is a very difficult question and no one seems to have been able to solve the problem, either the indigenous of the non-indigenous community over the last 30 years or so when we've known this problem existed. We know that if people lose weight and exercise regularly we can reduce the risk of diabetes but the indigenous community clearly has to be given the opportunity to come up to the same standards of living as the rest of the Australian community. There are issues which relate to loss of land and their social isolation and poverty - all of these are issues and on that point I go along with these scientists' point of view. There are clearly environmental issues but we cannot walk away from the fact that there are certain populations who have a higher genetic susceptibility and therefore these environmental factors will act quicker in those groups.
Lynne Malcolm: Professor Paul Zimmet thank you very much for joining us on the Health Report.
Paul Zimmet: It's been very much my pleasure.
Lynne Malcolm: And Paul Zimmet is director of the International Diabetes Institute in Melbourne. I'm Lynne Malcolm and you're listening to the Health Report here on ABC Radio National.
Fran Baum: My name is Fran Baum and I'm a Commissioner on the Commission of the Social Determinants of Health and work at Flinders University and I convened this symposium that we've had in Adelaide that was looking at the particular social determinants of indigenous health.
Lynne Malcolm: This recent symposium in Adelaide brought together representatives of indigenous communities from 13 countries around the world including Canada, New Zealand, Latin America, Asia and Australia. And what they have in common is a significantly lower standard of health than the rest of their country's population and their focus was on how their specific social environment impacts on their health and wellbeing.
Fran Baum: I think the main outcomes is that we had lots of discussion about what are the particular unique social determinants for indigenous people and they were primarily concerned with self determination, achieving land rights, recognising that there is a crisis in indigenous health and human rights, and that there's a lot of wisdom in indigenous knowledge that could really help the world at the moment, particularly in terms of the ecological crisis. But I guess the most important thing is that the findings of the symposium are at this moment being written up into a report and that report will be tabled and presented to the next meeting of the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health which was established by WHO, when we meet in Geneva on June 7th. And then our hope is that our key recommendations from the Adelaide symposium will feature in the report to WHO from the Commission.
Lynne Malcolm: And how did the Australian indigenous standard of health compare to the other groups internationally?
Fran Baum: Well it's not news that in Australia particularly compared to the other oeCD countries that have substantial indigenous populations we're not doing well, we have a 17 year gap. The gap between the average life expectancy in Australia is something around 80 years for non indigenous Australians and yet it's about 63 years for indigenous Australians. And if you take New Zealand, the US and Canada their gaps are much more around about 7 years so we really have got to do better in that area and I think it's great that there appears to be bipartisan support for achieving that goal, we just have to work out how we actually do that.
Lynne Malcolm: So from the things that came up in the meeting what are the key areas that Australia needs to target to try and close that gap?
Fran Baum: Well I think because indigenous people have such a burden of disease we have to get primary health care right and that was very clear. We really have to make a big investment into primary health care and that call is supported by the AMA but then there's also the whole area of acknowledging the importance of indigenous culture, of recognising the sort of past of colonialism and what that legacy has meant for indigenous people. We have had the stolen generation report, we've had Mabo, we've had some significant decisions in Australia, we've had a reconciliation movement, but it's about a government bringing those together and really acting on them. And I think the crucial thing is that there is goodwill in the Australian population to do that, I think it would be strongly supported by Australians if a government were to put in sufficient money to really close the gap. That's the campaign that the Human Rights Commission, and Oxfam and other groups are running, saying we have to close this gap in 25 years.
Lynne Malcolm: So do you have any sense of our government's response to the findings that you've come up with through this symposium?
Fran Baum: Well the Australian government provided funding for the symposium and they've been part of the planning group for the symposium, I mean in lots of ways these messages aren't new, that it's about the political will to follow through on them. We've got a budget coming up and it would be wonderful to see some significant expenditure on indigenous health issues, both health services and the broader determinants of indigenous health in


text:
You'll start sleeping better
Sugar cravings can hit at the worst times, including right before bed. But if you give in, the resulting sugar rush is likely to keep you from drifting off. Even eating dessert after dinner can impact your slumber. In fact, the more sugar you consume during the day, the more often you are likely to wake up during the night.
Most adults need a solid eight hours of sleep to function properly, and with extended periods of wakefulness, you will feel sluggish and tired the next day – leading to more sugar cravings. You'll notice pretty quickly after cutting out sugar that you sleep more peacefully and enjoy a stable mood throughout the days.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Find a word
Dictionary definition for:
1. (n) transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)
2. (n) the United States federal department that promotes and administers domestic and foreign trade (including management of the census and the patent office) created in 1913
3. (n) social exchange, especially of opinions, attitudes, etc.
WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Series: Japan Anthropology Workshop Series
Based on extensive original research, this book explores the early educational experiences of foreign children in Japan. It considers foreign children's experiences of Japanese schools, examines the special tutoring such children often have to improve their language proficiency, and explores the role of mothers in encouraging their children's education. It contrasts the experiences of foreign children with those of Japanese children and sets out the extensive difficulties foreign children encounter in becoming fully accepted by and integrated into Japanese society. The book concludes by discussing the nature of citizenship in Japan and the importance of education, including early education, in shaping Japanese citizenship.
Table of Contents
Introduction 1. Foreigners in Japan 2. Foreigners Schooling and Language 3. Research on Language Tutoring 4. Education Personnel Views 5. Foreign Households and Schooling 6. Japanese Mothers and Foreign Children 7. The Educated Citizen
October 2012 | Hardback: 978-0-415-50103-3
For more information or online ordering, visit _URL_


text:
Situated near the western ghats and bordered by the hills, Pathanamthitta district is a treat to eyes with its vast unending stretches of forests, rivers and rural landscapes. Blessed by nature, the district is famous for its scenic beauty, fairs and festivals.
Pathanamthiita is a true tropical diversity adorned with fertile agricultural land, plantations and forest, Paddy, tapioca, varieties of vegetables and spices like cardamom, pepper etc. are extensively cultivated. The district also abounds in extensive rubber plantations.
It is presumed that the regions presently under the district were formerly under the Pandalam reign which had connections with the Pandya kingdom. Pathanamthitta now includes portions of the erstwhile Kollam, Alappuzha and Idukki district.Pathanamthitta, Adoor, Ranny, Konni and Kozhencherry are some of the important are the major places taken from Alappuzha district.
Pathanamthitta is a combination of two words Pathanam and Thitta which mean an array of houses on the river side. This district was formed on 1st November 1982 in the interest of the hastening process of development. The total area of district is 2642 sq.kms., of this 1300.73 sq.kms come under forest.
The district consists of three natural divisions, viz., the lowland, the midland and the highland. The highland stretches through the western ghats and descends to the midland in the center, down to these lowland and coconut gardens on the western borders of Alappuzha district. The topography of the district is highly undulating., It starts from the tall hill slopes covered with thick forests on the East along the mountains down to the valleys and small hills to the flat land of coconut trees in the West.
The district has more or less the same climatic conditions as prevalent elsewhere in the state, Viz., dry seasons from December to February and hot seasons from March to May. The south west monsoon from June to September and the north west monsoon from October to November provide fairly good rain. The south west monsoon is usually very heavy and about 75% of the annual rain is received during this season. The climate is generally moderate, the temperature rising from 20'0 to 39'0c.
Forest covers an area of 1390.73 sq.kms. in the district. This is more than 50% of the total area of the district, while the optimum area fixed by experts is only 33%. The total cropped area in Pathanamthitta district is 1086.53 sq.kms. The forests in the district can broadly be classified as evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest.
Timber is the most important forest produce in the district. In fact, forest is the main source of raw materials for wood based industrial units. Teak, rosewood, Jack tree, Manjakadamu, Anjili, Pala etc. are some of the important for rayon, newsprint, plywood etc., these forests are source for a number of useful minor products like bamboo, reeds, honey, medicinal plants and herbs.
Three important rivers flow through this district. They are Pampa, Achankovil and Manimala rivers. The Pampa rivers is formed by the confluence of Pambayar, Arthayar, Kakkadayar, Kakkar and Kallar. It descends from Sabrimala, flows through various parts of Ranny taluk enters Alappuzha district itself into the Vembanad lake. The river Achankovil is formed by the confluence of several small steams originating from Rishimala, Pasukidamettu and Ramakkalteri and joins the Pamba at Veeyapuram in Alappuzha district.
One third of the electricity produced by the State comes from this district. Power is generated from the Sabarigiri Hydro-electric Project situated at the Pamba basin in the district.
The abundant water resource in the district is also utilized for irrigation purpose through the Kallada Irrigation Project and the Pampa Irrigation Project.
The district has the highest concentration of commercial banks in the State. For every 6000 people, there is a bank. There are 200 branches of commercial banks in the district with a deposits of Rs. 2000 crores. The per capita deposits is Rs.16700/- which is the highest in the State and the C.D. ratio of 14%, the lowest.
Major banks in the district are State Bank of Travancore (50 branches), Federal Bank(37 branches), Indian Overseas Bank (21 branches) and Catholic Syrian Bank (18 branches). The State Bank of India has 8 branches.
The Patthanamthitta District Co-operative Bank started functioning on 1st July 1985, taking over seas branches each of the Kollam and Alappuzha District Co-operative Banks. Now it has 31 branches.


4.2 Ballistic Coefficient Effects on Bullet Trajectories
4.2 Ballistic Coefficient Effects on Bullet Trajectories
 For a given bullet fired at a known muzzle velocity, the ballistic coefficient of the bullet determines its trajectory. This is because drag is the strongest force acting on the bullet, and the ballistic coefficient governs the amount of drag. Strictly speaking, this observation is only approximately correct, but it is almost true for bullets which are well stabilized in flight.
 The two trajectory parameters in which shooters are most interested usually are drop and remaining velocity as functions of range from the firing point. A question which comes to mind is, how strongly dependent are drop and remaining velocity on the ballistic coefficient? This question is very important when a shooter is trying to select a bullet for a specific hunting or target shooting purpose. As we'll see, the best bullet is not always the one with the highest ballistic coefficient.
 Another question closely linked to the one above is, what effects on the trajectory are caused by small changes in ballistic coefficient? This question is important because there are experimental errors in measuring the ballistic coefficient of a bullet, and also because (as we will describe later) a bullet's ballistic coefficient changes with its velocity. So, we need to know how serious a small error or a small change can be.
 This section will answer the questions posed above, and it will also address one other question which often arises. If two bullets of different designs, calibers, and weights have the same ballistic coefficient, how do the ballistics of these bullets compare?
Effect of Ballistic Coefficient on Bullet Drop and Remaining Velocity
 Ballistics tables for sporting arms are always computed for the case of flat fire, that is, with the gun barrel level. The results are good for small elevation angles, up to perhaps 10 degrees unless the range is very long. When a bullet starts out level, its path curves downward continuously under the action of gravity. Drop is always measured from a line going out the bore, and at any range the drop is the vertical distance between this line and the bullet path.
 Drag always acts to slow the bullet down. It can be thought of as a vector tangent to the bullet path but pointed backwards along it. As the bullet path curves downward as the range increases, the drag vector tips upward and a small component of drag then begins to act along the vertical direction, parallel with but opposed to gravity. The main part of drag always acts in the level direction.
 For modern bullets the trajectory curvature is never very large. Target bullet trajectories have a slope of the order of 1 to 2 percent at 1000 yards, when the trajectory starts out level and the muzzle and it gets rapidly smaller at shorter ranges. So, the conclusion is that not a very large part of drag ever acts in a vertical direction, if the trajectory starts out level. Pretty much all of the drop is caused by gravity, and what little drag does act vertically tends to oppose gravity, making the drop a little less than if it were caused by gravity alone.
 The effect of ballistic coefficient enters mainly through the time of flight the drop at any range is nearly proportional to the square of the time of flight (assuming drag has a small effect). It is clear then that a bullet with a shorter time of flight to some range will have less drop than one with a longer time of flight. Time of flight in turn is affected by drag, since drag slows a bullet down. Since drag slowing gets less as C gets larger, larger C's tend to make for less drop. However, time of flight also depends on muzzle velocity, so it is not possible to say that if you want small drop you simply pick a bullet with a large C. A large, heavy bullet typically has a pretty large ballistic coefficient, but it also has a fairly low muzzle velocity limit, so it can have more drop than some other small caliber, low C bullet which can be fired much faster.
 To illustrate, refer to Table 4.2-1(rifle) Table 4.2-1(handgun) which shows remaining velocity and drop data for three hypothetical bullets. The first is a heavy bullet with very good ballistic efficiency so that it has a ballistic coefficient C equal to 0.6. The second is a bullet of medium weight and moderate ballistic efficiency with C equal to 0.4. The third is a light bullet with low ballistic efficiency and C equal to 0.2. Remaining velocity and drop are shown for three muzzle velocities, 3500, 3000, and 2500 fps.
 First, let us compare the ballistic performance of these three bullets when all three are fired at the same muzzle velocity, say 3000 fps. Looking at the numbers in Table 4.2-1(rifle) Table 4.2-1(handgun) for the three bullets at the muzzle velocity of 3000 fps, we see that at both 500 and 1000 yd. ranges the bullet with the highest ballistic coefficient ( C = 0.6) retains more velocity and shoots flatter (less drop) than the other two bullets. Similarly, the bullet with C = 0.4 retains more velocity and shoots flatter than the bullet with C = 0.2.
 These comparisons can be generalized. If we compare any bullets fired at the same muzzle velocity, the bullet with the highest ballistic coefficient will retain more velocity and shoot flatter than the others at any range. But we know that this type of comparison is not exactly fair. That's because heavy bullets cannot be loaded to the same muzzle velocities as light bullets. So, we need to consider the muzzle velocity limits of different bullets when we compare their ballistics.
 To further illustrate these points, let's take a specific example, the.308 Winshooting, and so a hunter or target shooter has a wide choice. Tables 4.2-2 (a) and 4.2-2 (b) list trajectory parameters for six hunting bullets and four target bullets from Sierra's line of.30 caliber bullets, which we have chosen only to illustrate our points with this particular cartridge.
 Consider the hunting situation first. The bullets in Table 4.2-2 (a) range from the 110 grain Hollow Point with a ballistic coefficient of 0.188 at 2500 fps, to the 200 grain Spitzer Boat Tail with a ballistic coefficient of 0.552 at 2500 fps. The muzzle velocity for each bullet is a safe load a little below the maximum recommended in this Manual for the weight of the bullet. The table then shows the remaining velocity, energy, drop, and crosswind drift for a 10 mph crosswind, at ranges of 250 and 500 yards. Remaining velocity and drop shown in Table 4.2-2 (a) follow the same description given for Table 4.2-1(rifle) Table 4.2-1(handgun). We have added two other important parameters, bullet energy, which depends on remaining velocity, and crosswind drift, which depends on time of flight, muzzle velocity, and wind velocity.
 The first objective for a hunting cartridge is to deliver adequate energy downrange, and adequate energy of course depends on the size of the game. It is interesting to note that the muzzle energies of all the bullets in the table are not much different, but the downrange energies differ quote a lot. If a hunter is after varmints, the 110 grain Hollow Point bullet in Table 4.2-2 (a) delivers adequate energy out to 500 yards. For medium game, such as white tail or mule deer, the 110 and 125 grain bullets lose energy rapidly beyond 250 yards, and a heavier bullet should be chosen. For large game, like elk or bear, the 200 grain Spitzer Boat Tail delivers the most energy downrange, and it would be the obvious choice. At 500 yards this bullet retains more than half its muzzle energy because it has a high ballistic coefficient.
 For smaller game, though, other objectives can be considered. It is very important to have a trajectory as flat as possible, because it is very difficult to judge distances in the field. It also is highly desirable to have minimum crosswind sensitivity. For varmints at ranges less than 250 yards, the 125 grain Spitzer is a better choice than the 110 grain Hollow Point because it is much less sensitive to crosswinds, although the two bullets shoot about equally flat out to 250 yards.
 For medium game the choice is between the 150 grain, 165 grain, and 180 grain Spitzer Boat Tail bullets. The 150 and 165 grain bullets shoot about equally flat and have about equal crosswind sensitivities at ranges out to 500 yards. The 180 grain Spitzer Boat Tail has considerably more drop at longer ranges than either the 150 or 165 grain bullet, because it can be started out only at 2500 fps rather than 2700 or 2800 fps, and its sensitivity to crosswinds is only a little less than the other two bullets. The choice for medium game leans toward the 165 grain Spitzer Boat Tail because it retains between 5 and 10 percent more energy downrange than the 150 grain bullet, and it does not suffer as much drop as the 180 grain bullet.
 The objectives for choosing a bullet for target shooting are very much different than for hunting. Bullet energy downrange is a consideration in target shooting only for the case of silhouette matches, in which the steel targets must be tumbled, not just struck, in order to score. In all target matches the ranges


=========================================================== == Subject: Unauthenticated domain takeover via netlogon ("ZeroLogon") == == == CVE ID#: CVE-2020-1472 == == Versions: Samba 4.0 and later == == Summary: An unauthenticated attacker on the network can gain == administrator access by exploiting a netlogon == protocol flaw. =========================================================== =========== Description =========== The following applies to Samba used as domain controller only. (Most seriously the Active Directory DC, but also the classic/NT4-style DC.) The netlogon protocol contains a flaw that allows an authentication bypass. This was reported and patched by Microsoft as CVE-2020-1472. Since the bug is a protocol level flaw, and Samba implements the protocol, Samba is also vulnerable. However, since version 4.8 (released in March 2018), the default behaviour of Samba has been to insist on a secure netlogon channel, which is a sufficient fix against the known exploits. This default is equivalent to having'server schannel = yes' in the smb.conf. Therefore versions 4.8 and above are not vulnerable unless they have the smb.conf lines'server schannel = no' or'server schannel = auto'. Samba versions 4.7 and below are vulnerable unless they have'server schannel = yes' in the smb.conf. Vendors supporting Samba 4.7 and below are advised to patch their installations and packages to add this line. The'server schannel = yes' smb.conf line is equivalent to Microsoft's 'FullSecureChannelProtection=1' registry key, the introduction of which we understand forms the core of Microsoft's fix. Consequences ============ The exploitation of this issue is by changing the server password. In an AD domain that allows full password database disclosure including the unsealed MD4 password hash for each user, and the LM password hash if stored. (Via DRS replication). Samba NT4-like / classic domains ================================ In NT4-like domains Samba does not provide a replication service (this is done at lower layers, like OpenLDAP), but changing machine account passwords can allow the attacker limited rights, similar to any other member server or trusted domain - ie checking passwords and obtaining session keys (which may allow session. Therefore while still real, the risk is lower in these domains - much more a denial of service (to the account taken over) and moving the attacker from anonymous to authenticated access. The only exception is if there is a trusted Allowlisted exceptions ====================== Some domains employ third-party software that will not work with a'server schannel = yes'. For these cases patches are available that allow specific machines to use insecure netlogon. For example, the following smb.conf: server schannel = yes server require schannel:triceratops$ = no server require schannel:greywacke$ = no will allow only "triceratops$" and "greywacke$" to avoid schannel. Exploitability of Samba despite'server schannel = yes' ====================================================== Some of the exploits for this issue only attempt to authenticate to the NetLogon service but do not attempt a takeover of the domain. On domains with'server schannel = yes', these tests claim to show a vulnerability against Samba despite being unable to access any privileged functionality. This Samba release includes a restriction on the client-specified challenge that both provides some protection when'server schannel = no/auto' and avoids this false-positive result. ================== Patch Availability ================== Patches addressing this defect are available at: _URL_ Additionally, Samba $VERSIONS have been issued as security releases to correct the defect. Samba administrators are advised to upgrade to these releases or apply the patch as soon as possible. ================== CVSSv3 calculation ================== CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (9.8) ========== Workaround ========== Users of versions of Samba before 4.8 should set server schannel = yes in their smb.conf and restart Samba Users of versions 4.8 and above should ensure their smb.conf either a) has the "server schannel = yes" line, or b) has no "server schannel" line. If in doubt, add "server schannel = yes" to your smb.conf. ======= Credits ======= This problem was originally discovered by Tom Tervoort of Secura, though it was not successfully reported to the Samba team before its public disclosure. Stefan Metzmacher made the changes to Samba 4.8 that preemptively dodge this bug in default installs. Andrew Bartlett, Gary Lockyer, Jeremy Allison, and Stefan Metzmacher have triaged the bug and written patches and tests. This advisory written by Andrew Bartlett and Douglas Bagnall. ========================================================== == Our Code, Our Bugs, Our Responsibility. == The Samba Team ==========================================================


As shot from the 'Twenty Two' movie trailer. Photo: YouTube
Wolf Warriors 2 is hot, but a surprising documentary titled Twenty Two arguably is hotter. Making its China debut this week, the movie featuring now-elderly Chinese women who survived forced prostitution during the Sino-Japanese War took in 15 million yuan (US$2.25 million) at the box office in the first two days.
Its attendance rate was even better than that of Wolf Warriors 2, the best-ever Chinese movie in terms of box-office receipts, having beaten Spiderman: Homecoming this summer.
The film Twenty Two was named after 22 surviving Chinese "comfort women" who had been forced into prostitution by the Japanese army in World War II.
The actual number of survivors is now down to eight, as the movie was held by Chinese authorities for two years before finally making it on to the screen in its home country (it made its international debut at the Busan Film Festival in 2015). But the movie, the first Chinese film to honor comfort women, is expected to surge at the box office after favorable comments from critics.
Movie website Douban gave it a rating of 9.1 out of 10 because it triggers national sentiments to pay a final tribute to these elderly women.
An estimated 200,000 Chinese women were forced into prostitution during the Sino-Japanese War (_PHONE_), and the survivors, now in their very last stages of life, shared similar yet distinctive experiences.
The documentary is likely to strike a chord of nationalistic feelings among Chinese who feel that war may once again be imminent because of the current geopolitical situation.
It is hitting the screens around the same time as the Korean film The Battleship Island, which depicts the story of 400 Korean slave laborers' attempt to escape from mining coal on Battleship Island (Hashima Island in Nagasaki prefecture) during the Japanese colonial days.
The film, No 1 at the South Korean box office, also shows Korean women being badly treated by Japanese soldiers, and urges Japan to honor its promise to set up a sign before the end of this year stating that forced labor occurred on the island.
Both movies come as a reminder of the 72nd anniversary of the Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945, during World War II that put a stop to the notorious Japanese Unit 731, which had been involved in biological and chemical warfare and undertook lethal human experimentation.
This week, Japanese television broadcaster NHK ran a three-episode documentary about 12 members of Unit 731 in an oral history of the rape and human experimentation that was said to shock the Japanese audience because of the rare admission of their guilt.
Also hot in the summer box office is the Hollywood production Dunkirk, which portrays the evacuation of the famous French beach in World War II.
In addition to Wolf Warriors 2, a Chinese fictional movie about a former soldier saving his peers during a political riot in Africa, the war movies have conquered the summer box office usually dominated by Disney's animated films.
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Answered 2013-02-14 15:08:10
count Dracula was a vampire and he was nocturnal (only out at night) and he fed of blood. He came from Transylvania. but most importantly he is only a legend.
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Count means king or ruler
Who is Count Dracula?
Count Dracula is a fictional character in Bram Stoker's horror novel Dracula. It has been inspired by the Wallachian Prince, Vlad III the Impaler.
Who is the guy who started the Dracula legend?
Count Dracula is a character in Bram Stoker's Dracula novel.
Were Vlad the Impaler and Count Dracula the same person?
Count Dracula was a character who was made by the idea of Vladimir the impaler
Who is the count's coachman Dracula?
The Count's coachman is Dracula the Count himself
Did Dracula have a last name?
Count Dracula's last name is Dracula.
Was there a such thing as count Dracula?
Count Dracula is a fictional character, however he was inspired by an actual person named Vlad the Impaler.
What vampire hunter has died during the mission to kill the Count Dracula in Stoker's Dracula?
In the book "Dracula" by Bram Stoker, vampire hunter Van Helsing dies during his mission to kill Count Dracula.
What actor appears as Count Dracula in the 1931 film Dracula?
Bele Lugosi
Did count Dracula suffer from dermatitis?
When was count Dracula born?
your mam
What can count Dracula do?
he can turn into bats
Still have questions?


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Doppler effect
Swing a ringing phone inside a long sturdy sock and you will hear the strangely familiar Doppler effect.
Doppler effect
Swing a ringing phone inside a long sturdy sock and your audience will here the strangely familiar Doppler effect. (Source: Ruben Meerman/ABC Science)
Can't see the video? Download an mp4 [10.4 MB] version of this video.
Smart phones are expensive so please take care not to swing yours too close to a wall or a person or inside a sock that's almost worn right through. Other than that, this is a very safe demonstration.
You'll need a smart phone with internet access and a long sturdy sock.
For safety, measure the sock fully stretched and keep at least that distance away from walls and audience members during your demonstration.
On your smart phone, navigate to a free online tone generator such as this one. You can set most online tone generators to any audible frequency you like and you can adjust the volume using the speaker settings on your phone.
Put the phone with the tone playing inside the sock and slide it all the way to the toes.
Hold the sock firmly and swing the phone around your head. The audience will hear a warbling sound. Stop whirling the sock and the sound is steady. If you are performing the demonstration indoors, you will hear the warble too because the sound is reflected from the surrounding walls.
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What's going on?
When a sound source starts moving, the frequency you hear changes. You notice this when a car zooms past or an aeroplane flies overhead. Cars, police sirens and jet engines all produce a consistent sound, but the pitch you hear is higher on approach and lower on retreat. This famous effect is named after Christian Johan Doppler but he first noticed it in starlight, not sound.
Light and sound both travel as waves. When a sound source moves, you hear a change in pitch. When a light source such as a star moves, you see a change in colour. The light from a star that is moving away from you is shifted toward the red end of the visible spectrum. A star moving toward you is blue-shifted. The red-shift we observe in the light from nearly every star in the sky is how we know that the universe is expanding in every direction. The fact that light from the further stars is more red-shifted is how we know that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
The proportion by which the frequency of waves is Doppler-shifted depends only on the relative speeds of the source and the observer and for sound, there is a further psychological twist in this tale.
To appreciate the 'psychoacoustic' side of this trick, you need to know that the Doppler shift for any given speed is always the same fraction of the emitted sound frequency. You also need to remember that the fraction of a large quantity is always bigger than the same fraction of a smaller quantity (for example, one third of nine is three, but one third of ninety is thirty). So, the higher the frequency, the bigger the Doppler shift will be in absolute terms. Amazingly, however, the human brain perceives the Doppler shift as being equal no matter what the frequency of the emitted sound is. If all this talk of fractions sounds a bit confusing or ethereal, perhaps some solid numbers will help.
For a phone swinging at about one revolution per second in a sock that's roughly one metre long, the maths is relatively simple. The phone is travelling at 6.28 metres per second (the circumference of a circle is 2 times pi times the radius, remember?) Half the time, the phone is moving toward a stationary observer's ears, and half the time it's moving away.
Sound travels at around 340 metres per second (just over 1200 kilometres per hour) in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. If you plug these numbers into Doppler's marvellous equations, you'll see that a 1000 Hertz tone warbles about 37 Hertz from 982 Hertz (about a B5 on a piano keyboard) up to 1018 Hertz (just below the C6). Now wind the tone up to 2000 Hertz, recalculate, and you get a 74 Hertz warble. That's twice the frequency range as before and it warbles from 1963 Hertz (about a B6 on the piano) to 2037 Hertz (just below a C7).
The musically minded reader will immediately notice that, in terms of musical notes on a piano, the 'distance' between the lower and higher pitch of both these warbles is the same in both cases. Twice the frequency difference but they are separated by the same distance (or number of keys) on a piano's keyboard. The mathematically AND musically minded reader probably saw (or heard) this surprising result coming several paragraphs ago but the fascinating fact remains. The human perception of sound and universal enjoyment of music are a psycho-mathematical instinct and you can prove it by simply swinging a phone in a sock and crunching some numbers. Kezam!
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Published 10 April 2013
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Definition of fluency
n. - The quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility. 2
The word "fluency" uses 7 letters: C E F L N U Y.
No direct anagrams for fluency found in this word list.
Adding one letter to fluency does not form any other word in this word list.
List shorter words within fluency, sorted by length
All words formed from fluency by changing one letter
Browse words starting with fluency by next letter


Enhanced sorption cycle stability and kinetics of CO2 on lithium silicates using lithium ion channeling effect of TiO2 nanotubes
J. S. Lee, C. T. Yavuz*
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., accepted.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04918.
Lithium silicate (Li4SiO4) is a promising high temperature CO2 sorbent because of its large CO2 capacity at elevated temperatures with low materials cost. However, the conventional nonporous Li4SiO4 shows very poor CO2 adsorption kinetics. Thus, a Li4SiO4–TiO2 nanotubes complex was synthesized where LiOH and fumed silica would be calcined around TiO2 nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes in Li4SiO4 structure functioning as open highways, lithium ions were able to channel through the bulky structure and enhance the sorption kinetics, leading the total adsorption capacity to near theoretical values. Furthermore, cyclic studies at 700 °C revealed strong stability over at least 10 cycles. These findings indicate that stability and kinetics of CO2 sorption can be greatly improved by the nanotube composites of known adsorbents.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Where do citrus oils come from?
A: The peel is the source of the major portion of the fruit's essential oils. The primary constituent of these oils is the terpene d-limonene.
Q: Where in the peel are the citrus oils stored?
A: Citrus peel contains oblate-shaped oil glands in the flavedo, which extend to different depths into the albedo of all the different citrus fruits. These cells contain chemicals discharged by metabolic processes of the fruit, which give each type of citrus a characteristic aroma and flavor. (Braddock 1999)
Q: What are the ingredients for citrus oils?
A: Citrus trees send water up from the roots by osmosis to the leaves and bring carbon dioxide into the leaves through pores called stoma. These chemical building blocks along with sunlight for photosynthesis allow the oils to form and concentrate in the peel of the fruit. Citrus oils are expressed from the peel during the juicing process.
Q: Where did citrus originate?
A: Citrus originated in Southeast Asia. Citrus was noted in literature in China in 1000 BC. The Chou dynasty references kumquats and mandarin. It spread to India, East Africa, Mediterranean, and Canary Islands. Columbus is credited with bringing citrus plants to the Americas.
Q: What were the early collection methods for citrus oils?
A: Lemon oils were made for centuries in Sicily by pressing peel in wooden screw presses or by hand squeezing oil-saturated sponges touched against scarified fruit. Early commercial recovery of orange oil in the United States used the hand-sponge technique. (Braddock 1999)
Q: What is the distribution of varieties of citrus?
A: Statistics on world citrus production show: oranges 64%, tangerines 21%, lemon/limes 11%, and grapefruits 4%.
Q: What percent of oranges are used for juice?
A: Florida and Brazil are the largest orange producers, growing 60% of the world's oranges and processing 85% of their production into juice and citrus oils. (Braddock 1999)
Q: What kind of orange varieties are grown in Florida?
A: The Hamlin, Pineapple Oranges, Navel, Temple, and Valencia have overlapping seasons that lasts mid-September through the end of July in Florida. Brazil grows mostly the Pera orange ripening June through December. Nearly the entire California crop goes to market as fresh fruit.
Q: Is d-limonene used in food products?
A: Citrus oils are commonly found in baked goods, beverages, chewing gum, frozen diary, hard candy, pudding, and of course orange juice.
Q: What are some of the non-food applications for
A: Citrus oils are commonly used in air fresheners, fragrances, general purpose degreasers and cleaners, hand cleaners, insect repellents, household cleaners, pharmaceutical applications, and plastic recycling operations.
Q: What are terpenes?
A: Nature makes the isoprene molecule (C5H8) that has five carbons and eight hydrogen atoms from carbon dioxide absorbed from the air and water. Two isoprene molecules can combine in various forms to produce terpenes. The d-limonene found in citrus oils is one of many different kinds of terpenes.
Q: I saw a picture of a citrus tree that had both full-size fruit and blossoms on the same branch. How can that be?
A: Citrus trees are some of the few fruit trees in the world that bloom and ripe concurrently - that is, they have blossoms and fruit on the same tree at the same time.
In most citrus there is only one blooming period, about 2-4 weeks after winter dormancy, while in some cases, like in limes and partially in lemons, several blooms occur throughout the year. Trees in particularly temperate areas can have fruit ripening year-round (or almost). Commercial trees, however, tend to be harvested once or more often during their season, which is about 6 months long.
Citrus fruits are modified berries known as hesperidia. Fruit growth duration is different according to the species or varieties, from some mandarins that will need less than five months from flowering to maturation, to some sweet oranges( Valencia) that need more than one year.
Out of the three citrus tree genera Poncirus, Fortunella and Citrus, only Poncirus is deciduous while the two other are evergreen. Several leaf flushes occur around the year, depending on the climate. Leaves usually stay on the trees for a period between 9-24 months or even more.


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POLITIANS use parliament to make the law. for others to abide by.
so what happens to the law when they forget the rules. of the law they make
makes one wonder why jokes like this start up
the straight banana
this joke was told to me by a person as we drove past a banana statue
WHY are politians like a banana
they go into parliament. they green
then they get a bend in them
then they turn yellow
then they go rotten
i myself have had an experience with parliament breaking their own law they make
do they actually. understand the policy they make or care how its used to implement the law. why do they write so many clauses in to their policy when the law is simple.
every one has a right to speak for themselves
no judge can sentence any one with out first hearing both sides of a situation first
no parliament can up a person case with out a court hearing.
you know it just makes one wonder just what kind of world we are living in. when the system we trust and believe in. don,t up hold there laws they makes


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Children perform a play they have written about different attitudes to Scots they have encountered. Matthew Fitt talks about their confidence in performing in Scots after their time at Scots Scuil. The children perform a riddle poem, song and rap they have created. The children, their tutors, families and teachers reflect on what the children have experienced at Scots Scuil. Some parents talk about their changed attitudes to Scots and how they will encourage their children to speak it.
This clip could be used in class to demonstrate effective performance, clear speech and how performance can improve confidence. It can also be used to demonstrate how a powerful performance can have elements of humour whilst including a moral message. Discuss how attitudes to using Scots language have changed after the performance.


Click here to learn more about CLS' Response to COVID-19 and Americans' Right to Gather
Churches are under tremendous societal pressure these days to acquiesce to changing cultural standards regarding sexuality, including claims of lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT) discrimination, same-sex marriage, and other sexual orientation/gender identity (SOGI) issues. As believers, we are called to live under God's authority and with a consistent understanding of Biblical truths about human sexuality.
Churches and pastors need to know the practical reasons for upholding marriage between one man and one woman and to be prepared for new laws that do not necessarily provide adequate protections for religious persons and for "test" cases seeking to push the limits of existing laws.
CLS seeks to educate pastors and their churches about current critical legal issues and to help them navigate through these legal minefields of sexuality-related issues, particularly in light of rapidly shifting cultural norms and accompanying legal changes. CLS' Guidance for Churches includes a webinar and a white paper, both of which provide valuable information, as well as model language for churches to use.
Guidance for Churches


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Eating junk food could also give you dementiaPublished On: Thu, Aug 30th, 2012 | Food & Nutrition | By BioNews
Gorging on junk food may not just make you fat but it could also give you dementia, a new study has claimed.
Bad diets are already linked to dementia, through high blood pressure and cholesterol interrupting blood supply to the brain, but the latest theory points to high levels of fatty and sugary food damaging the brain by interrupting its supply of insulin.
In type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the condition, unhealthy foods lead to cells in the body becoming resistant to the insulin they need to convert sugar into energy, the Daily Mail reported.
According to New Scientist magazine, something similar may be happening in Alzheimer's, with a bad diet preventing brain cells from responding properly to insulin.
Insulin is needed to regulate brain chemicals key to memory and learning, to make and strengthen connections between brain cells and to maintain the blood vessels that supply the brain with blood and oxygen.
In tests, rats given a chemical that stopped their brains from being able to use insulin developed Alzheimer's symptoms.
"They were demented. They couldn't learn or remember," the Daily mail quoted Suzanne de la Monte, of Brown University in the U.S., as saying.
Triggering diabetes created Alzheimer's-like changes in the brains of rabbits, including the development of the sticky beta amyloid plaques that clog up the brains of human patients.


Quebec Natatorium Uses Geothermal, Reduced Refrigerant HVAC, Heat Recovery
May 9, 2013 By Linda Hardesty
Tpoolhe new $18 million, 45,000-sq-foot Aquatic and Community Centre in Côte Saint-Luc, Quebec, employs a 500-ft-deep geothermal field, exhaust air heat recovery for preheating outside air, dehumidifier compressor heat recovery for free pool water heating, and a reduced refrigerant HVAC dehumidifier strategy.
The city will achieve a four-year payback, save millions of dollars in energy costs over the lifespan of the facility and minimize the local environment's exposure to refrigerants.
The HVAC technology making the project's most environmental impact is the energy recovery dehumidifiers from the new Protocol NP-Series by Seresco, which use up to 80-percent less refrigerant than comparably-sized conventional mechanical natatorium dehumidifiers, while delivering an annualized operating cost reduction of five to seven-percent. Instead of an all-refrigerant design, the dehumidifiers use heat exchangers and glycol for heat rejection to the water-source loop.
Pool water heating is supplied by a coaxial-type heat exchanger using recovered waste heat from the two Seresco dehumidifiers' refrigeration circuits, which are required for dehumidifying the space to a 55-percent relative humidity.
If pool water heating is satisfied, the remaining heat is rejected to the geothermal water source loop or into supply air for reheat. On subzero days when pool water heating isn't 100-percent satisfied by heat recovery, the 96-percent efficient back-up condensing boilers by Camus Hydronics Unlimited are activated.
Throughout the summer months, heat rejected to the water source loop is stored in the six-well, 500-ft-deep geothermal field for use later in the heating season. The water source loop, which averages temperatures over 80°F in the summer and provides almost all the heating for domestic hot water and locker room showers, also uses two rooftop evaporative cooling towers by Baltimore Aircoil to reject any excess heat not required within the complex.
The geothermal loop's operational and redundant 20-hp pumps by Taco use Danfoss variable frequency drives (VFDs) to operate at only the needed flows. For example, when heat pumps or the dehumidifiers are not requiring cooling or heating, the VFD's ramp down the pumps' water flow for further energy savings.
All systems are monitored and controlled by a BACnet-based building automation system by Automated Logic.
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The following essentially implies the equivalence of Anantharaman-Delaroche's compact approximation property (page 337 of _URL_ and the Haagerup approximation property.
Let $M$ be a type $II_{1}$ factor with trace $\tau$. Let $\Omega$ denote the standard unit cyclic trace vector in $L^{2}(M)$ (associated to the element $1\in M$). If $\phi:M \rightarrow M$ is a normal completely positive map, we naturally associate an operator $T_{\phi}\in B(L^{2}(M))$ extending $T_{\phi}(x\Omega)=\phi(x)\Omega$.
If the map $x\mapsto \phi(x) \Omega$ is a compact linear map from $M$ with the operator norm into $L^{2}(M)$, is the operator $T_{\phi}$ compact?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
(I removed my first answer as it contained an egregious mistake, pointed out by Yemon; here's a second attempt)
I think that $T_\phi$ may fail to be compact.
Fix a sequence of projections $\{p_k\}$ in $M$, pairwise orthogonal, with $\tau(p_k)=2^{-k}$ ($\tau$ the trace in $M$) and sum 1. Now define \[ \phi:M\to M,\ \ \ \mbox{ given by } \phi(x)=\sum_k 2^k\tau(xp_k)p_k. \] (the series converges strongly because all of its terms are positive and any partial sum is bounded by $\|x\|$). This map is ucp (it is an infinite sum of cp), and since it commutes with $\tau$, it is normal. Let us also define the maps \[ \phi_n=\sum_{k=1}^n 2^k\tau(xp_k)p_k. \] The maps $x\mapsto \phi_n(x)\Omega$ are all finite-rank.
If $\|x\|\leq1$, we have, using that the set $\{p_k\}$ is orthogonal in $L^2(M)$, \[ \left\|\phi(x)-\phi_n(x)\right\|_2^2=\left\|\sum_{k>n}2^k\tau(xp_k)p_k\right\|_2^2 =\sum_{k>n}|\tau(xp_k)|^2\leq\sum_{k>n}\tau(p_k)^2\leq\frac1{3\times 4^n} \] This shows that $\|\phi-\phi_n\|<4^{-n}$ in $B(L^2(M))$: so the map $x\mapsto \phi(x)\Omega$ is compact.
Now consider the orthonormal set $\{2^kp_k\}$ in the unit ball of $L^2(M)$. Since $\phi(p_k)=p_k$, we get that $T_\phi(2^kp_k)=2^kp_k$; so the range of $T_\phi$ contains an orthonormal set: $T_\phi$ is not compact.
share|improve this answer
I don't think that the unit ball of L^\infty[0,1] is pre-compact as a subset of L^2[0,1] -- consider the sequence $e_n(t) =\exp(2\pi int)$. (This was pointed out to me, after a talk I gave, when I was momentarily hung up on an example of a non-compact map from $L^\infty[0,1]$ to $L^2[0,1]$. The map is completely continuous and weakly compact, though.) – Yemon Choi Oct 9 '10 at 5:00
Yeah, I could have thought of that example. Thanks, Yemon! – Martin Argerami Oct 9 '10 at 5:20
Excellent! Thank you! – Jon Bannon Oct 10 '10 at 0:32
You are welcome! – Martin Argerami Oct 10 '10 at 4:45
Your Answer


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Short answer: if your neighbor acts as PIC, then he can pay all the costs and you can both log PIC time for however long you were sole manipulator of the controls. But you have to avoid becoming his personal pilot, because then you're getting into commercial territory.
As background, remember that acting as PIC and logging PIC time are different things. And I'm assuming that you're going to fly VFR only, i.e. there are no IFR and/or safety pilot issues (we have a few questions on that already), and that you're both fully qualified to act as PIC (medical, currency etc.).
First, logging PIC time. 14 CFR 61.51 has the rules, and the key one for your scenario is:
(e) Logging pilot-in-command flight time. (1) A sport, recreational,
private, commercial, or airline transport pilot may log pilot in
command flight time for flights-
(i) When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an
aircraft for which the pilot is rated, or has sport pilot privileges
for that category and class of aircraft, if the aircraft class rating
That means, when you're actually controlling the aircraft then you can log PIC time, regardless of who's acting as PIC. For example, if your neighbor has the controls for 0.5 and then you take them for 0.5, you can each log 0.5 PIC time. But in a single-pilot operation, only one person can log PIC at a time.
Second, sharing costs. Because a C172 is a single-pilot aircraft, if your neighbor is acting as PIC then you're a passenger. Note the wording in 61.113 (emphasis mine):
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section,
no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in
command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for
compensation or hire
(c) A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of
the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the
expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
As you can see, if your neighbor is acting as PIC he must pay at least 50% of those specific costs so he can always pay 100% if he wants; that just comes down to what you agree with him. If you act as PIC then the reverse applies: you must pay at least 50%.
Third, whatever arrangement you have with your neighbor, make sure you don't become a de facto personal pilot. If he starts asking you to fly him places he needs to get to, or even to just accompany him on flights because he isn't comfortable alone, then you should be very cautious. In theory, if he always acts as PIC then it's OK because you're just a passenger. But if there's an accident and the FAA has a reason to believe that he wasn't genuinely acting as PIC then you'll both be in trouble. To take an 'extreme' example, let's say he breaks his leg and asks you to fly him somewhere, with him paying all the costs. He couldn't be acting PIC because of his injury (61.53) therefore you would be acting PIC without paying any costs. That's receiving compensation for carrying a passenger and it requires a commercial certificate.
Finally, a couple of practical points to think about:
- Two pilots in a single-pilot aircraft can lead to confusion and even accidents. Make sure you have a good pre-flight briefing that includes who is acting as PIC, and in flight always do a clear exchange of controls. And decide up front what happens in case of an emergency, like engine failure: does the person flying keep flying, or does your neighbor always take the controls?
- You should have appropriate insurance. Even if he puts you on his policy as a named pilot you might still have to pay thousands of dollars as a deductible in case of an accident. If you don't already have it, it might be worth getting your own non-owned insurance to cover that, but it all depends on the details of the policies. If you're an AOPA member they can probably help you out with that.


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Celestino Avilés lives in Orocovis, the hilly central region of Puerto Rico that is the geographic heart of the island. His artistic genre, the carving of wooden santos (saints), is acknowledged to be at the spiritual heart of Puerto Rican cultural identity. The carving of saints dates to the early period of the Spanish conquest. Farmers in the isolated mountains of the island carved saints out of local woods, such as cedar, developing their own indigenous aesthetic. It is largely due to the efforts of Celestino Avilés that the craft of saint-carving has remained a vibrant tradition in his homeland. Avilés began carving rings of corozo, the nut of a prickly palm tree, when he was a child. Later, while selling his rings at craft fairs he began to study with master santeros (saint carvers) Norberto Cedeño and Juan Cartagena. Soon Avilés became known for his skilled carving of saint figures, choosing to leave them unpainted and depicting them with closed eyes, in "a position of absolute religious solemnity" as he puts it. In 1982 he founded the Museo Orocoveno, known locally as the Museo de la Familia Avilés, in order to preserve the history of saint-carving in the region. A year later he initiated the Encuentro Nacional de Santeros (National Gathering of Saint Carvers) on the grounds of the museum. As Walter Murray Chiesa, craft specialist in Puerto Rico says, "Today Celestino Avilés is considered by many a Puerto Rican legend: a true living monument, a great carver of wood, bone, stone, sea shells and a leader: a natural born Ôinitiator' of great enterprises and projects. He is unique, very modest and a true symbol of our folk artists." Thanks largely to the inspiring work of people like Celestino Avilés, today the tradition of saint-carving is enjoying a renaissance in Puerto Rico, with over 100 carvers actively working in a wide variety of artistic styles.
National Endowment for the Arts · an independent federal agency


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What is your bartender's favorite cocktail? A Great question, and one usually asked towards the end of the night. It certainly wouldn't be the Manhattan or old fashioned, those are too common. It can't be the daiquiri, which is so misunderstood, or the mai tai, which is too complicated. The answer, seemingly more than any other drink, is the bitter Negroni.
The better question might be: why isn't the Negroni everybody's favorite drink? It's a dynamic sip, with fruitiness from the Campari, sweetness from the vermouth, and botanicals from the gin. It's bitter, making it both challenging to beginners and endlessly drinkable to fans. Perhaps most impressively, it's darn easy to make. Even the less-discerning dives are likely to have Campari, and the preparation requires neither mixing glass or shaker.
The most surprising thing about the Negroni is how few bartenders know how to make it. Outside the cocktail-wild halls of bigger cities, the drink still seems to be developing a name for itself. Luckily, at three even parts, the recipe can be explained in a single sentence. Consider it a public service. Perhaps one more bartender finds a favorite drink.


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Inverse Functions - Which Statement is True?
Date: 09/20/98 at 21:19:32 From: Faith Smith Subject: Pre-Calculus-Inverse Functions Hi, my question is this: Which statement is true? Prove it. (i) (f composed with g) raised to the (-1) = f raised to the (-1) composed with g raised to the (-1) (ii) (f composed with g) raised to the (-1) = g raised to the (-1) composed with f raised to the (-1) Thank you, Faith
Date: 09/21/98 at 13:27:19 From: Doctor Peterson Subject: Re: Pre-Calculus-Inverse Functions Hi, Faith. I'll just give you a start, so you can have the pleasure of finding the answer yourself. If we have a guess as to the inverse of some function, how can we prove that it really is the inverse? We have to show that it satisfies the definition of inverse. If we say that F is the inverse of f, we have to show that: F o f = I and f o F = I where I'm using "o" for composition and I for the identity function. So for each of your two statements, put the thing on the right for F and the thing under the -1 on the left for f in each of these equations, and see if it is true. For example, for the first, the claim is that: (f^-1 o g^-1) is the inverse of (f o g) so you would want to show that: (f^-1 o g^-1) o (f o g) = I and: (f o g) o (f^-1 o g^-1) = I You have been warned that they aren't both true, so if you get stuck proving one, you should try doing the other. You may want to test each one first with two simple functions (maybe f = 2x and g = x-1) to see if it works. Or maybe you are supposed to know which is right, and should just choose that one and prove it. When you find the answer, you will have shown why, when we solve an equation like 2x - 1 = 3, we "undo" the operations that were done to x (multiplying and then subtracting) in reverse order (adding and then dividing) to get (3+1)/2. - Doctor Peterson, The Math Forum _URL_
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A simple diagram could help your city manage water better. Here's how!
A water tanker in Bengaluru. Water supply by private tankers is a lifeline in many Indian cities. Pic: Sankar C G /Citizen Matters archives
Bengaluru's water story is full of paradoxes. After all, this is a city where even a lake catches fire. A few hours of rain can wreak havoc on the city. However, come summer, the city faces acute water shortage.
It's not even Bengaluru alone.
The Delhi Jal Board (DJB) and the Census 2011 numbers indicate that Delhi meets the water requirement of 82% of its households (population: 17 million). However, the same census numbers show that only 51% of slum-households in Delhi have access to water within their premises. The average level of ground water exploitation in Delhi is 137%, with tanker supply being a critical lifeline. DJB operates around 800 water tankers; however, the supply is quite expensive and therefore, limits access.
Mumbai, which is home to 12.5 million people (2011 Census), supplies water collected from lakes and stored in 28 service reservoirs. Around 76% of households have access to piped water supply (average per capita supply: 279 lpcd); only legal slums have water supply connections, while non-notified slums are dependent on informal water distribution systems such as ground water.
However, the ground water in Mumbai is not fit for consumption and the corporation bans use of water from wells and ponds. When water-stressed, however, many households have no other option but to use ground water.
Cities across India are facing acute water shortage. According to a Service Level Benchmark study of 28 cities (14 states), the average daily supply is just 3.3 hours a day. Only two of the cities surveyed (Chandigarh and Trivandrum) received water for over 12 hours (even this was limited to 62% of the urban households that have access to treated tap water).
Against the benchmark of 135 litres, the per capita supply of water averaged at 126.4 litres per day. This too varies significantly across the cities surveyed. A National Institute of Urban Affairs study suggests that nearly 41% of the country's 115 Class-2 cities (population: 50,000-1,00,000) and 22% of Class-1 cities (population 1 lakh-10 lakh) received, on average, less than 70 litres of water per capita.
Non-Revenue Water (NRW) or unaccounted-for water is high in Indian cities because of outdated water systems, illegal connections, leakages, poor maintenance and lack of proper mapping of the distribution system. The average NRW in India is between 30 to 50%.
Clearly, there is a gap in our management of water and the solution may lie in reconsidering how we look at water flow.
What is the solution?
A simple 'Water Flow Diagram' (WFD) can help understand the complete water cycle and help change any sub-optimal usage and management. A WFD helps visualise the source, supply and consumption of water as well as the volume of waste-water generated, recycled, reused and returned to the environment.
At the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), the process of preparing a WFD for Bengaluru city helped us identify numerous discrepancies.
For instance, although the city consumes approximately 3600 MLD (million litres per day) of water, the water supply board (BWSSB) provides only 2130 MLD (1380 MLD from the rivers and 750 MLD from groundwater sources). The remaining sources of water are unaccounted for (includes illegal borewells and private water supply).
Of the 3600 MLD consumed daily, only 520 MLD of the resulting waste-water is treated and just 49 MLD of the treated wastewater is reused. This implies that while we use large amounts of water from the environment, very little actually goes back to refurbish the supply.
BWSSB pumps water from the Cauvery river (located 100 km away) and Arkavathi river (located 25 km away). Back home, however, lakes are converted into stadiums and bus stops, or polluted with sewage and industrial waste— in other words, water is wasted.
How does a Water Flow Diagram help?
Civic authorities, and especially citizens, approach water from a supply point of view. That is, they view water as a resource extracted from a source (river, lake, groundwater, etc.) and then supplied to households by the municipality or private parties. This is often where the cycle ends, and it fails to take into consideration how much water goes back to the ecosystem and how.
A WFD aids in creating water balance in the city by identifying how interventions at one or more stages of the water cycle affect other stages or the entire cycle itself. For example, interventions like rainwater harvesting, even if done at an individual household level, can help address water deficits in the city.
A report by the Institute of Social and Economic Change, titled 'Rainwater Harvesting Initiative in Bangalore City: Problems and Prospects', reported that an estimated 4 crore litres of water can be collected per year if RWH is adopted on one acre of land. Thus, if RWH is carried out for the entire city, significant volumes of water could be collected annually.
The Water Flow Diagram for Bengaluru demonstrates how water flows from source to consumer; more importantly it closes the loop by showing how waste water (treated as well as untreated) goes back into the water cycle. Pic: CSTEP
The WFD can also help planning authorities understand the quality of water supplied, the cost incurred in supplying water to the people and the energy utilised at each stage of the water cycle.
For example, by overlaying the cost layer on a WFD, we may see that the cost of extraction and transportation from a distant water body is actually higher than the cost of treating and reusing wastewater. The WFD will thus help make policy-makers aware of the actual cost incurred in supplying water, including the social costs incurred by inaction.
Identifying gaps in the water cycle of Bengaluru enabled CSTEP to make targeted suggestions towards plugging gaps in the city's water cycle. One immediate observation was the lack of data for various stages of the water cycle. Moreover, the available data was often inconsistent.
While mapping the responsible government agencies, it was observed that different agencies managed different stages of the water cycle, without any coordination among themselves. Thus, CSTEP's policy analysis for Bengaluru recommends an integrated approach to water management. The think tank specifically recommends that different agencies managing the water cycle be brought together, when planning for the city's infrastructure development (e.g. when creating a Master Plan or the City Sanitation Plan etc.)
Preparing a WFD for Bengaluru also demonstrated the need for looking at water as a complete cycle across cities and villages in India—such an outlook would allow us to fill in the missing gaps in understanding water availability, supply and demand as well as reuse options.
If we want to ensure adequate water availability in our cities without threatening natural reserves, the urgent and essential step is to complete the loop for water data and plug all avoidable gaps.
About Sonali Anusree Patro 1 Article
Sonali Anusree Patro is Research Analyst at the Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP), a research-policy think tank. She can be contacted at _EMAIL_


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Strengthening intercultural capacities and labour mobility of the border population by supporting cross-border education initiatives and vocational training
All actions supported within specific objective SO42 of priority axis 4 shall contribute to vocational and intercultural training becoming one of the programme's leverages to positively influence the region's challenges with regard to the labour market, like brain drain and lack of qualified personnel. Hence intermediary organisations shall develop and operate joint (vocations) training schemes tailoring these schemes and trainings to the border region and taking cross-border issues into account. Finally, all measures shall contribute to an increased intercultural understanding and knowledge as well as an enhanced labour mobility of the border population.
Possible are projects that enhance intercultural understanding and labour mobility in the region. As a basic principle, the intention is to launch an important learning-process concerning cross-border cooperation. In practical terms this means communicating despite the language barrier, reflecting usual standards and processes, training abilities to negotiate despite diverging opinions and finding compromises.
Examples of actions eligible under specific objective SO42 are:
1. Design and implementation of education schemes in pre-schools, schools and other educational institutions, aiming at acquiring and improving qualifications, skills and competences (e.g. intercultural communication trainings and language courses, joint schemes to support traineeships)
2. Harmonisation of vocational education systems (dual education) for meeting the needs of SMEs and the joint labour market (e.g. resulting in mutual acceptance of qualifications and in higher labour mobility)


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Students will understand what businesses are, that a marketplace exists whenever buyers and sellers exchange goods and services, and that there is competition in the market place if you have more than one seller of the same item or similar items.
- Explain that businesses make money by selling items or providing a service to a consumer.
- Explain that a market exists when buyers and sellers interact.
- Explain that competition exists in the marketplace if there are multiple sellers of same item or similar items.
- Identify business competitors in their community.
What is Competition?
Ask your students if they have ever run a race, entered an art contest, or played in a soccer game. Explain to them that races, art contests, and soccer games are all competitions. A competition is when people try their best to do something better than other people so they can win. Today your students will learn about a different kind of competition. More specifically, they will learn about business competition.
- Interactive Activity: Students will learn about competition in business.
Smallville Yellow Pages!
- Berkley Career Center: This is the teen's online guide to business, careers, investing, and entrepreneurship, offering in-depth content with a young edge written for and by teens. In the article "Got Competition?" teen business owners discuss competition.
- Competition Pizza!: This is a great follow up lesson on competition.
What Is A Business?
A business tries to make money by selling goods or providing a service. Below is a list of a few possible businesses in your community. Ask your students if they can think of more?
- grocery stores
- clothing store
- jewelry store
- discount store
- car repair shop
- hair cutting salon
- doctor's office
- dentist's office
- accountant's office
- dry cleaners
- movie theater
Talk with your students about the market economy that exists in the United States. Buying and selling creates the marketplace. Businesses are sellers. They sell goods and services to make money. People who pay for goods and services are called buyers. Buyers and sellers come together in the marketplace.
Competition in the Marketplace
Do your students know a store that sells candy? Do they know a second, different, store that sells candy? Explain to your students that those two stores are competitors. They are competing for your money. Both stores want you to buy their candy.
When two or more businesses sell the same goods or service, they are competing for the same market. When businesses compete, they try to find ways to get you to choose them. Buyers get to choose where to spend their money. This is competition in the marketplace.
Competition in Your Community
Help your students to notice that there are competing businesses all around us.
- Burger King© and McDonalds© are two hamburger restaurants.
- Both sell soda, french fries, and hamburgers.
- Both want you to eat at their restaurant.
- Both want you to spend your money at their restaurant.
Because they sell similar items, they are called competitors.
Target©, K-Mart©, and Wal-Mart ©
- All three businesses sell clothing, food, and toys.
- All three offer low prices.
Because they sell similar items, they are called competitors. Ask your students if they can think of different examples of competitors in their community.
Burgers and Shoes!
- Burger King© sells soda, french fries, and hamburgers.
- ShoeTown sells shoes, boots, and sneakers.
- Both businesses want your money.
Burger King© only competes in the burger market with other burger sellers, trying to attract burger buyers. ShoeTown competes in the shoe market with other shoe stores, wanting shoe buyers to come to shop. So Burger King© and ShoeTown are not competitors: They do not compete in the market for the same customers.
Interactive Activity: Let's Find the Competitors!
Show your students that many businesses are listed in the yellow pages of the phone book. These businesses want people to shop at their stores. Some of the businesses have competition. Tell the students that they will look at the yellow pages for Smallville in order to identify competing businesses. Click here to look at the Smallville Yellow Pages!
As a class, discuss the following questions:
- What are businesses?
- What is the marketplace?
- Do Sears, Pizza Hut, and Joe's Car Repair shop compete in the same markets?
- If not, who does compete in those markets?
- Name competitors in your community. How do you know they are competitors?
- What are some ways competitors try to get your business?
Thank you for learning about competition in the marketplace. Some students may want to learn what teen business owners say about competition; direct them to the Berkley Career Center.
[Note to teacher: This is somewhat difficult for young students to find based on the way the YoungBiz site is constructed. You will need to find the article, "Got Competition?" The easiest way to locate it is to go the home page (linked above). Once there, use the YoungBiz search engine and type in "got competition". This will take you to a list of articles with those words in it. The piece you are looking for is titled, "Got Competition?"]
Have students print out their answers to the Smallville Yellow Pages interactive activity for review.
Teachers can follow up this lesson with the EconEdLink lesson titled Competition: Pizza!
"This lesson may be one of my favorite lessons that I have reviewed. I feel that the lesson is completely developmentally appropriate. I do not think I would need to cut out any of the information and I feel that it is a good length. I love the examples given to help demonstrate what competition is and how market competition is explained. The interactive website is also very good for this lesson. I think that it is a positive that it only gives two choices for the children to make the correct match rather than many choices. This better ensures their success and understand! Two thumbs up for this lesson!"


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Galaxy Diamond Glitter Lamp
- Low stock - 2 items left
- Inventory on the way
About This Product
- Ages 12+ with adult supervision
- Size: 36 cm
- Keep upright
- Turn off regularly
- Some assembly is required
- Light bulb is included
- Voltage: 230-240V, 50Hz
- Wattage: Max 30W
WARNING: The glass lamp surface is hot when in use. For indoor use only. Keep out of reach of children.
The Lava lamp was invented by British accountant Edward Craven-Walker in 1963 after watching a homemade egg timer, which was made from a cocktail shaker filled with liquids, as it was bubbling on a stove top in a pub.
There are two liquids in the lamp that are insoluble together and have similar densities. The heat from the light bulb heats the heavier liquid at the bottom of the lamp. It absorbs the heat, expands and becomes less dense.
This change in density is small but enough for the once heavier liquid to float to the top of the lamp. As the blob of liquid moves away from the lamp it cools. This increases the density and it sinks back to the bottom of the lamp. This motion is repeated over and over again creating the continuous motion of the liquid in the lamp.
The interactions between wax and liquid are not an exact science. Your colouring may differ from the image depicted, and may change throughout use.
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Does colored mulch affect the growth rate of a plant?
Purpose: To determine if different colored plastic (or mulch) on the soil surface affects the temperature of soil.
Materials: Digital thermometer; potting soil; 8 pots; colored mulch in black, white, and red; window sill with full sun; tape. For the colored mulch, you can use different paint colors to paint black plastic, or you might use different colored plastic bags or mulch from the store.
Procedure: Fill pots with equal amounts of soil. Place 2 uncovered pots on the window sill where there is full sun. Cover 2 pots with black plastic, 2 pots with white plastic, and 2 pots with red plastic. Make sure the plastic covers the top of the pot, and tape it to the pot. Place these pots on the window sill. In 24 hours, record your first temperature measurements. You can do this by sticking the temperature probe in the drainage hole of the pot. For 10 days, record the temperatures for each pot in the morning and afternoon. Note the differences in temperature among the colors, and record observations.
Think About This:
1. Which pot had the highest soil temperature?
2. What color kept the soil the coolest?
3. Why do you think that some mulch colors make the soil hotter or cooler?
Return to: Ways to boss around a plant – experiments for middle schoolers
USDA-ARS. Does Colored Mulch Affect Soil Temperature? June 2009l


From the Super Mario Wiki
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Two Karakara, one folded up and one unfolded.
A Karakara is an enemy from Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins. These one-eyed umbrellas are found near the start and the end of the second level in the Pumpkin Zone. They will unfold and launch into the air, then float downwards while moving back and forth. A Karakara can be defeated by a jump or a fireball. They are based on the Karakasa or Kasa-Obake, a yōkai spirit from Japanese mythology.[1]
Names in other languages[edit]
Language Name Meaning
Japanese カラカラ[citation needed]
Based on the name of Karakasa.
 1. ^ The Mushroom Kingdom (Accessed on 6-1-08)


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The Endangered Aisle
Client: The Fairtrade Foundation
Farming is becoming a more unstable profession due to rising costs, volatile coffee prices and deepening climate crisis. We undertook research to understand the size of the issue - a Commodities Vulnerability Assessment and UK consumer research. Both highlighted the items at risk of becoming 'endangered' – coffee, cocoa, bananas – and the impact this may have. We needed to show the problem alongside the solution which is how The Endangered Aisle was born. A pop-up retail concept highlighting the urgent need to protect our favourite foods from climate change and give a fair deal to farmers. Stark empty shelves showcased a look into the future if we don't act now with signage confirming 'everything must NOT go'. The other side of the aisle showed the solution; shelves filled full of possibilities from coffee to peanut butter and kombucha. The immersive event brought retailers together to showcase the diverse range of Fairtrade products on the market and reiterate that together, we can make a difference. Our campaign reached almost a fifth of the UK population (17%) and as a result of seeing the campaign video, 73% believe that choosing Fairtrade products can help protect the future of our food. 69% of people who came across the campaign would definitely or be more likely to switch to Fairtrade products in the future.


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What's bugging locusts? It could be they're hungry -- for each other
Posted May 8, 2008; 12:17 p.m.
Since ancient times, locust plagues have been viewed as one of the most spectacular events in nature. In seemingly spontaneous fashion, as many as 10 billion critters can suddenly swarm the air and carpet the ground, blazing destructive paths that bring starvation and economic ruin.
What makes them do it?
A team of scientists led by Iain Couzin of Princeton University and including colleagues at the University of Oxford and the University of Sydney believes it may finally have an answer to this enduring mystery.
"Cannibalism," said Couzin, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Princeton.
Writing in the May 8 online edition of Current Biology, Couzin and colleagues say that the collective motion of locusts is driven by "cannibalistic interactions."
"Cannibalism is rife within marching bands of locusts," said Couzin. Desert locusts usually feed on vegetation, but individual locusts have been observed to feed on other live locusts or cadavers. This behavior and its effect upon the group, however, have not previously been studied.
"No one knew until now that cannibalistic interactions are directly responsible for the collective motion exhibited by these bands," added Couzin, whose graduate student, Sepideh Bazazi, is the lead author on the paper.
In zoology, cannibalism is defined as occurring when any species consumes members of its own kind.
Young locusts are pressed to eat others when the food supply necessary for supporting the population starts to dwindle. Starved for essential nutrients such as protein and salt, young locust "nymphs" will nip at each other. Those under siege react by running from the aggressors. Others get jittery and simply seek to put space between them and any locust approaching from behind. That's how one aggressive interaction can lead to another and collectively start a vast migration, Couzin said.
And the activity intensifies, as the biting and ominous approach of others increases both the propensity to move and the forward momentum of individual locusts.
The researchers reached their conclusion by studying immature, flightless locusts. They developed computerized motion analysis to automatically track the insects marching in an enclosed arena.
In nature, Couzin said, these locust nymphs can gather in large mobile groups called bands. They can stretch over tens of miles, devouring vegetation as they march. They inevitably precede the flying swarms of adult locusts.
"Once they take flight, locust control is extremely expensive and ineffective," Couzin said. "So understanding when, where and why the bands of juvenile locusts form is crucial for controlling locust populations."
Through history, locusts have invaded up to one-fifth of the Earth's surface, he said. They have contributed to major humanitarian crises in areas such as Darfur and Niger.
Besides having practical applications, understanding the movement of locusts also is part of a growing inquiry by scientists into an area known as group dynamics. With locusts, researchers have been seeking to understand how the group seems to move with the synchronized perfection of the Rockettes when there is no centralized leader and individuals can barely see beyond a few neighbors on either side.
Animal groups such as flocks of birds, schools of fish and swarms of insects frequently exhibit such complex and coordinated collective motion and present a great opportunity to understand how local interactions can lead to vast collective behavior, the scientists said.
The research was supported by Princeton University, the Royal Society of London, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and the Australian Research Council.


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Model Development Code for Small Cities
First published in 1999, Oregon's Model Development Code and User's Guide for Small Cities ("Model Code") has been used widely around Oregon. The TGM Program developed the model in response to numerous requests for assistance from Oregon communities. Small cities wanted consistent guidance and technical expertise in zoning, development standards, review procedures, and implementation of state planning rules and statutes.
In developing the model code, now in its Third Edition (2012), the TGM Program worked with a statewide advisory committee consisting of city officials, planning commissioners, state and regional planning agency representatives, and land use advocates, and business representatives.


Now, the Apple blocked code crashed with iOS devices when users wrote & # 39; Taiwan & # 39;
By Mikey Campbell
Tuesday, July 10, 2018, 9:57 p.m. PT (12:57 a.m. ET)
A blog post on Tuesday illustrates the sometimes unnoticed negative effects of modifying or adding code to an important operating system for the sole purpose of placating the government of a given market. Apple did exactly that when it eliminated the emoji of the Taiwan flag from circulation in China.
 Taiwan iOS
Source: Patrick Wardle
Patrick Wardle, head of research at Digita Security, discussed the problem causing certain iOS devices to crash into a long and somewhat technical post on his personal blog, Objective-See.
According to Wardle explains, iOS 11.3 and following contained an error that for some users of iPhone and iPad caused constant blockages when the word "Taiwan" was entered in the text fields of the application, both the first and the third parties.
The remote error would also trigger a blocking event when trying to display the emoji of the Taiwanese flag on certain devices. The process was repeatable in iMessage, Facebook and WhatsApp.
Apple patched the bug in iOS 11.4.1, citing an error report presented by Wardle earlier this year.
Certain aspects of the error are unclear, but Wardle reduced the negative effect to a "zero" pointer dereference. In particular, the problem arose when an operation removeEmoji led to a system instruction verifying the regional configuration of a device. A subsequent function collapsed under certain conditions related to the configuration of the Chinese region.
As observed by Emojipedia iOS hides the flag of Taiwan on devices installed in the region of China. This process includes removing emoji from the keyboard and rendered data, such as incoming text messages.
While the code worked for Chinese iPhones, it caused problems for some iOS devices established in other regions, or more accurately, a "state without regional support".
The ordeal underlines the length of time Apple and other companies go to appease the Chinese government. China and Taiwan have a long and conflicting relationship dating back to long before the Chinese Civil War. Taiwan considers itself as a sovereign state called the Republic of China, while the People's Republic of China (mainland China) considers Taiwan as part of its territory and sensitive to issues related to the identity of the island.
China (the People's Republic of China) is a vital market for Apple. Although the company publicly promotes a firm stance against government censorship and espionage, it has played well with the often criticized laws of the Chinese government.
Last year, for example, Apple caught the anti-aircraft service for taking out the NYT application from the Chinese app store, a move that was followed by the removal of certain VPN applications according to regulations Chinese
More recently, the company transferred Chinese iCloud data and cryptographic keys to local servers managed by Guizhou-Cloud Big Data Industry Co. Ltd., a decision criticized by privacy advocates. For its part, Apple says it advocated that iCloud is not subject to China's cyber laws, but called compliance a cost of doing business in the country.
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The northern Green Mountains are a key linkage area in the Staying Connected Initiative.
Habitat connectivity needs vary, depending on the species.
The Staying Connected Initiative and the local Hawk Hill Committee arranged a series of walks and talks last winter and spring called Discovering Hawk Hill. Here, field trip leader Helen Mango explains the influence of geology to some of the youngest participants.
Hawk Hill is 230 acres of conserved land in Brandon that is owned by Otter Valley Union High School and managed by the Hawk Hill Committee of school, town and citizen representatives who consider the land a key area for wildlife.
Hawk Hill is part of a wildlife corridor connecting the Green Mountains and the Adirondacks. Now a place of forests and trails, it was once a thriving community.
Staying Connected Linkage Coordinator Monica Erhart leads a wildlife walk at Hawk Hill on a chilly February day.
Finding a path for wildlife: From left, Chuck Dominie of the Poultney-Mettowee Conservation District, Kathy Doyle of Green Mountain College, and Annette Smith of Vermonters for a Clean Environment pore over maps of the Adirondacks to Green Mountains linkage.
Even in the northern reaches of the Green Mountains, here in the Bakersfield area, it's not easy for animals to reach food sources without having to cross roads.
Volunteers with Cold Hollow to Canada, representing seven towns, look for bear signs in the northern Green Mountains.
Wildlife tracking expert Sue Morse helps groups track animals like fishers.
The northern Green Mountains provide important animal habitat and Staying Connected aims to protect and enhance connectivity here.