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Meet the Other Navy Seals (and Dolphins)Cute—and creepy—photos of the US Navy program that trains marine mammals as minesweepers and underwater sentries.
You've likely heard of the Navy SEAL dog that took part in the raid that killed Osama Bin Laden. Now meet the other Navy seals. Actually, they're sea lions. And dolphins.
For more than five decades, the Navy has enlisted sea lions, dolphins, and other marine mammals as an elite corps of underwater sentries, searchers, and mine-sweepers. Its Marine Mammal Program started in 1960 when weapons researchers studied a Pacific white-sided dolphin named Notty to see if she might teach them something about designing speedier torpedoes. She didn't, but the service has remained intriguiged by sea mammals' speed, stealth, sonar, and smarts. During the Vietnam War, specially trained dolphins were deployed to protect ships in Cam Ranh Bay. The Navy denies that they were dispatched to kill enemy divers as part of a "swimmer nullification program", though more recently sea lions have been trained to "attach restraint devices to swimmers." (The notion of dolphins as trained killers inspired The Day of the Dolphin, a 1973 movie starring George C. Scott.) Since the mid-1970s, the program has expanded to include beluga whales, seals, and and killer whales, though bottlenose dolphins and Californa sea lions have become its two mainstays due to their "their trainability, adaptability, and heartiness in the marine environment."
The Navy says its 100 or so marine mammals' primary missions are mine-hunting and "swimmer defense." Dolphins were first sent to the Persian Gulf in the late 1980s. In 1996, Navy dolphins assisted the Secret Service (PDF) during the Republican National Convention in their home port of San Diego, and NASA reportedly expressed interest in using sea lions to protect Space Shuttle launches (PDF). More recently, both dolphins and sea lions have been sent to the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea to help clear mines and guard ships. The Navy has hailed "swimmer defense dolphins" as "a strong deterrent against terrorist attacks" like the one on the USS Cole in 2000.
Animal-rights activists have long objected to the Navy's marine-mammal program, criticizing the use of benign sea creatures in military operations and the cramped conditions in which they are housed and transported. "Using animals for military defense is unnecessary and cruel and could very well cost lives—not save them," PETA wrote in response to a plan to use dolphins and sea lions to guard a naval base in Washington. The Navy claims that it treats its flippered conscripts humanely, noting that they are fed "higher-than-restaurant-quality fish" and travel in pools designed "to keep the animals in an environment as much like San Diego as possible." It also argues that its work has added to the scientific knowlege of these animals: "The more we know about marine mammals, the better we can protect them."


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issues, is more responsive to the needs of users and internet service providers, and is more likely to be implemented as a bottom up approach that can be tailored to meet the specific preferences of different demographics interfacing with different forms of online expression.
As discussed above, there are three distinct phases of reputation: short term, mid-term and long term. Our model is targeted solely at mid-term reputational issues. Short and long term issues will require other mechanisms and should be considered independently.
When composing our model, we had four core assumptions:
- 1) All user-generated content should expire and cease to be publicly available after a set length of time, unless is it actively renewed. This theory follows from Viktor Mayer-Schönberger's work.
- 2) The path of least resistance should result in the socially optimal outcome. This means that whenever a user follows default settings or acts in a lazy or apathetic fashion, the end result should be desirable. The model should make doing the "right" thing as easy as possible.
- 3) Direct, personal communications between real people lead to more cooperative outcomes. A user can empathize and be more receptive to an individualized appeal from another person than he would be to an automated message. Building these sorts of communications into the system fosters a social norm of cooperation and understanding.
- 4) The system should be content neutral so as to increase efficiency and avoid arbitrary implementation. If the system discriminated in how it treated content based on what type of content it was, then the process would get bogged down in the minutiae of moralistic review.
Our model will present a process by which content expires or renews, depending on how implicated parties intervene or abdicate. In the model, P is a user who initially posts content, Q is a user who is represented in the content, and R is a third-party bystander.
The system would be applied by social media websites that choose to apply it. There is no feasible method of mandating its use, nor is there a reason to. These websites will want to implement this system or one similar to it of their own accord. Here's why:
- 1) The system will make a website more desirable to users who value their privacy and reputations.
- 2) The system creates a stickiness that will keep users coming back to the social media website that uses it.
- 3) The system does not substantially impede a website's ability to profit from data mining, thus allowing it to promise greater privacy protections to its users without hurting the company's source of revenue.
Finally, it is important to note that the system is not designed to be 100% effective at addressing all potentially problematic content. The goal is solely to create a process that is easy to implement, easy to understand, and will achieve the socially optimal result in the vast majority of cases.
- 1) A user, P, is presented with preferences when he first uses the system. He can either use the presets chosen by the website or adjust the preferences to his taste. These preferences would determine his default actions for expirations, renewals, notifications, protests, etc.
- 2) P posts content on the website.
- 3) P chooses an expiration date for his content or uses his default expiration settings.
- 4) The content might contain a representation of Q. Q can then be "marked" on the content by P, Q or R. To be "marked" means that Q is alerted that he is implicated in this content and is given the option to be notified when the content comes up for renewal.
- 5) If no one is marked on the content, then P will, in accordance with his preferences, receive a notification 30 days prior to the content's expiration date. P can then choose to renew the content or do nothing. If P does nothing, the content expires.
- 6) If Q is marked but never opts in for notification, then the content is treated as if no one is marked.
- 7) If Q is marked and opts in for notification, and if P chooses to renew the content, then Q will receive a notification that P chose to renew the content.
- 8) Q can ignore this notification and the content will renew as per P's decision.
- 9) Alternatively, Q can "protest" P's decision to renew the content. This means that Q would send a message to P saying that he doesn't want the content renewed and explaining why. This protest would contain standard options that Q could select for his reasoning, but Q would also be required to compose a personalized message to P.
- 10) P, upon receiving Q's protest, can choose to move forward with the renewal (with or without modifying the content), halt the public renewal, or do nothing.
- 11) If P does nothing, the content will expire, as per Q's wishes.
- 12) If P halts the public renewal, the content will still be kept in P's private archive but will not be viewable to any other users.
- 13) If P chooses to move forward with the renewal (with or without modifying the content), P must then send a response to Q explaining why P chose to renew the content over Q's protest. This would also be a personalized message.
- 14) Upon receiving P's response, Q might be satisfied with P's reasons or modifications. If Q does nothing, the content will renew.
- 15) If Q is partially dissatisfied with P's response, Q could chose to add an "asterisk" to the content. This would be a discrete message that viewers of the content would see, consisting of Q's protest to P. The content would renew with the asterisk.
- 16) If Q is substantially dissatisfied with P's response, Q could appeal the renewal to an adjudication process. This process would determine whether or not the content renews.
Explanation of the Model
Users will set preferences or use default preferences for expiration and notification to streamline decisions. These will help triage content to prevent users from being deluged with notifications.
- For example, presets could allow users to auto-ignore, auto-opt in to notify, or auto-protest based on the identity of the other party. Certain groups might get trusted automatically, while others would be automatically suspect.
- E.g. If your mother marks you in a photo, you know that most of the time you probably don't need to worry about its content.
- However, because the purpose of the system is to expire valueless content, users would not be allowed to set their preferences to auto-renew their content.
When P chooses an expiration date, P can opt to receive or not receive notice prior to expiration. Presumably, most content, being transitory, will be allowed to expire w/o notice (e.g. status posts, comments, tweets, etc). Thus, only truly substantive content would ever even require subsequent action by P or Q.
Only an actual person depicted by the content would have "standing" to be marked.
- This rule's efficient application will compensate for its under-inclusivity. Trying to get 100% inclusivity for all affected users or content would make the perfect the enemy of the good.
- The rule will also help prevent large groups from ganging up to harass one person.
Captchas would be used to ensure that only real people will be able to mark content.
Q should not have the ability to prevent expiration. The content belongs to P; if he wants to expire it, that's his right.
R should not have the ability to prevent either expiration or renewal. Being neither the owner of the content (P) nor someone implicated in the content (Q), a third party should have no rights to dictate what happens or doesn't happen with the content.
Users could maintain a private archive of their content that will not expire, subject to their preferences. Many users use online social media websites as multimedia diaries of their lives. Users should have the option of permanently retaining all of their own content for private viewing. But they should not be able to keep such information publicly viewable without going through the system.
- Our chief concern is controlling mid-term reputational effects. Thus, if something is private, it cannot substantively affect someone else's reputation and does not need to be constrained.
No one will be able to search for asterisks. Asterisks serve to explain content that Q finds objectionable. By their very nature, asterisks will be associated with controversial content. If a user could search for an asterisk then these asterisks would serve as homing beacons for the very content that Q wants to disappear in the first place.
The adjudication process might be styled after either the Uniform Domain-Name Resolution Policy ("UDRP") or eBay's adjudication process. It is likely that this process would be contracted out to established 3rd parties. Allowing this service to be contracted out to the market will allow different methods to develop competitively to foster innovation and efficiency.
- It should be noted that the adjudication process is the only part of the model that will take a substantive look at the nature of the content.
Concerns and Responses to the Model
1. How do we prevent a deluge of expiration notifications and other notifications from the process?
Concern: The model is likely to create a considerable amount of email notification both for P and for Q. Online social media users are generating content everyday so the flow will be constant. This flood of emails could discourage some walled gardens from implementing the model if they fear their users will abandon their network, because their mailbox is constantly flooded. Are users going to take concerns seriously when they receive so many of them over short periods of time?
Response:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


%0 Journal Article %A Motta-Mena, Natalie %A Elbich, Daniel %A Duchaine, Bradley %A Scherf, K. Suzanne %T The Female Cambridge Face Memory Test (F-CFMT+) %B Journal of Vision %D 2017 %R 10.1167/17.10.841 %J Journal of Vision %V 17 %N 10 %P 841-841 %@ _PHONE_ %X The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT1) is a validated test of unfamiliar face recognition that is widely used. A longer form of the task (CFMT+) was developed to evaluate individual differences in face recognition abilities2. Both tasks were designed to include adult male face stimuli exclusively in order to avoid inducing potential sex differences in face recognition, which are disproportionately reported during recognition of female faces3. As a result, studies employing the CFMT/CFMT+ are limited to conclusions about male face recognition. However, questions regarding sex differences in face recognition behavior and potential own-sex biases in patterns of recognition are re-emerging in the literature. Therefore, an analogous version of the CFMT with female faces is necessary to evaluate potential sex differences and biases in face recognition behavior. We created a comparable female face version of the CFMT/CFMT+ that is matched in number of trials, blocks, and parameters as the original task. It also includes a 4th block, which is much more difficult than the first three blocks (as in the male version of the CFMT+) to test individual differences. To evaluate the validity, consistency, and internal reliability of the F-CFMT+, we compared the performance of 149 young adults on the short and long forms of our newly-created F-CFMT+ with the M-CFMT+. We found that: a) performance on the F-CFMT+ was highly correlated with performance on the M-CFMT+, b) there was comparable inter-block reliability within the F-CMFT+ as compared to the M-CFMT+, and c) there was a comparable range of individual differences on the two tasks. One important difference is that participants were more accurate overall on the F-CFMT+. Ongoing development of the task will resolve these differences prior to its release for research purposes. 1 Duchaine & Nakayama, 2006, 2 Russell et al. 2009, 3 Lewin & Herlitz, 2002 Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017 %[ 5/14/2021 %U _URL_


Pilot Projection Calculator Assumptions
This Calculator uses the following hiring pilot demand models.
The Calculator uses the 50% mark in Seniority as a conservative estimate for upgrade time at each individual airline. Obviously most places will probably see upgrades before this due to a percentage of FO's opting to remain FO's for QOL reasons.
The pay schedule for a particular model, estimates the number of time spent in each equipment type by taking into account the percent of the fleet each type represents. For example if MD90's represent 30% of the total fleet then a 11 year average upgrade could expect a little over 3 years as an FO in the MD90. The Capt upgrades apply a longer window to keep the model conservative, it assumes the average time at the mainline carrier will be 30 years before retirement.
The Regional Model unfortunately is only FO and CAPT Jet Rates, for simplicity purposes. RJ rates are assumed for all of the regional options, for now. For more complex airlines like Republic, the model applies a conservative scale to show progression through Republic's multi-type jets. The number of years each aircraft type receives is weighted by the percentage that particular fleet type represents in the total fleet.
Regional Wage is calculated by taking hourly wage multiplied by 80 hours a month. Mainline Wage is calculated by taking the hourly wage and retirement contribution percentage multiplied by 75 hours per month.
The right side of each wage column is a year over year accrual of wages from the start year till retirement. This year over year accrual applies your selected rate as an annual interest rate for each year. This would be your how you value your present money verse future money. For example 1,000 dollars in your pocket today, is more valuable than 1,000 dollars next year in your pocket. The 1000 dollars in your pocket today could be invested, or consumed.
This is a good article to explain the difference between present and future value of money.
To keep things simple no inflation is considered. Making this assumption assumes over the life of this model Professional Pilot compensation will match inflation.
As a reminder this model is just a rough estimate over the next 20 years, and just applys this estimate to pay. As with anything, compensation is only a small part of any career decision, the company culture, management team, and QOL are large factors.
Some things that might make this model obsolete.
 - Regional Consolidation, and Capacity Reduction ( This model assumes stagnant regional capacity)
 - Inflation
 - Mainline Consolidation
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[ Home - Syntax Files - Rxvt - Dead Keys - Compiling - Ispell - Download ]
Dead keys are used to create special characters that do not exists on some keybords, like
ä, çIn order to get those you have the possibility to configure your windows manager (or select an appropriate keyboard driver in windows). However, this will now affect all programs, even if you just write programs instead of a letter. By defining the appropriate dead keys only if you actually write text, you would getter something much more appropriate. Besides, if you write html pages, you would probably prefer to enter things like
The following macros allow you to do this. They consist of three different source file, each of which installs either no dead keys, standard dead keys or html dead keys. By using you can cycle through the three definitions (I decided to use files instead of functions, as functions use up memory in every copy of vim that you start, while files that are never "sourced" don't).
To use those files store them in some directory (and make sure to change the last line in each to point to the correct directory):
map :source $VIM/set/text_dead.vimand make sure to change the path accordingly.
(C) _PHONE_ Claudio Fleiner


Excel to Google Earth, from UTM coordinates
Let's see the case:
I have gone to the field to build a property, as shown in the following table and I want to visualize it in Google Earth, including a couple of photos that I have taken
The genius of the template is that of only one:
 - Converts the UTM coordinatesTo Geographic in decimal format, as it is what Google requires
 - Allows you to set the name of the destination file
 - Lets name the layer of kml
 - Rewrite existing file, even if it is already generated
 - It allows to use html tags in the description, such as images, hyperlinks, etc.
Excel to google earth UTM
The template is ready for the spheroid to be selected, we know that for Google Earth we must choose WGS84.
 - In the first column we enter the data that Google will show as Label.
 - In the next two the UTM coordinates, taking care that our system is configured to use the comma and the point as the decimal separator as a thousands separator. So a coordinate like 599.157,90 is not allowed it should be written as 599157.90
 - In the next column we enter the zone. Just by placing it on the first line, the others will be changed. Although they can be changed manually in case the data were in the limit of two zones. Likewise the hemisphere; in this case I am using data from Bogotá, so I use Zone 18 and the Northern Hemisphere.
 - And finally the description, which is what we would see when we click on the point in Google Earth.
How to upload these coordinates to Google Maps and then download them to Google Earth
Step 1. Download the data feed template. To use the example we have shown in the images you can download this template.
Step 2. Upload the template. By selecting the template with the data, the system will alert if there was data that could not be validated; Among these validations includes:
 - If the coordinate columns are empty
 - If the coordinates have non-numeric fields
 - If the zones are not between the 1 and the 60
 - If the hemisphere field there is something different than North or South.
The description data supports html content, like the one shown in the example that includes the display of an image. It would still support things like links to routes on the Internet or the local disk of the computer, videos, or any rich content.
Step 3. Visualize the data in the table and on the map.
Immediately the data is uploaded, the table will show the alphanumeric data and the map the geographical locations; As you can see, the upload process includes the transformation of these coordinates into geographic format as required by Google Maps.
Once the icon is released, the points placed on the Google Street View can be viewed and navigated over it. By clicking on the icons you can see the details.
Step 4. Reproject the data. By default the data load is in WGS84, as used by Google. But this functionality allows you to change to another projected coordinate system and refresh the map. As an example, I am switching to Clarke 1866 and see that the vertices are re-projected on the map.
Here you can see the template working in video.
Step 5. Download the Kml map using the gTools service.
You enter a download code and then you have the file that you can view in Google Earth; The application shows where to obtain a download code with which you can download up to 400 times, with no limit to how many vertices there may be in each download using the gTools API. Just the map shows the coordinates from Gooogle Earth, with the three-dimensional model views activated.
Another option: Convert the coordinates to a kml file using an Excel macro
Excel to google earth UTM
Once the tabular data has been filled in, the name of the kml file and the address where it will be stored appear on the right. in this case it appears as C: \ Race 25 X.kml
 - In the lower row we write the name that the layer will have in the kml file, in this case: 25 X Race Survey
 - The result is this: by touching a point you can display the description of the last Excel column.
 - Finally, once we are ready we press the green button, and the file should have been generated.
The result, when opening it in Google Earth is the following. Look at the name of the layer, as we call it, and then there are the points with its description; touching them raises a display of detail. If the objects or labels They are very large, they can be customized in Google Earth by right clicking on the layer and choosing properties.
Excel to google earth UTM
How to add the photo to kml
This is simple, suppose that in the detail of the level bank I want to put the image of the cadastre plate, then in the cell corresponding to the description I write:
Excel to google earth UTMProperty limit, Cadastre-level bank
Similarly, if at the point I have called Photo, I want to place a photo of the facade of the house, the procedure is similar.
 - If you need to insert more rows, make copies of the existing ones so that they go with formula.
 - You do not have to add columns, if you do it can stop working.
 - Requires that you accept the execution of macros when opening the Excel file
 - If it sends you an error message, it could be that the C: directory does not have write permission, you can try another folder like C: \ users \ downloads \ as long as the folder exists.
Utm to google earth Downloads
From here they can download The kml file As it should be.
Downloading the template in Excel requires a symbolic contribution, which you can do with Paypal or credit card.
In case what you have is Geographic coordinates of type Latitude, Longitude, and you want to send to Google Earth, the template is this.
Learn how to make this and other templates in the Excel-CAD-GIS cheat course.
Common problems
It may happen that, when using the application, one of the following incidents may appear:
Error 75 - File path.
This happens because the path that has been defined where the kml file is to be saved is not accessible or there are no permissions for this action.
Ideally, you should put a path on disk D, which has fewer restrictions than disk C usually has. Example:
D: \
The points are coming out at the North Pole.
This usually happens, because in our windows, as indicated in the instruction for the template to work, the regional configuration must be established in the regional panel:
 - -Point, for decimals separator
 - -Coma, for thousands separator
 - -Coma, for listings separator
So, a data such as: One thousand seven hundred and eighty meters with twelve centimeters should be seen as 1,780.12
The image shows how this configuration is done.
This is another image that shows the configuration in the control panel.
Once the change is made, the file is generated again and then, the points will appear where it corresponds in Google Earth.
If you have a question, write to the support email _EMAIL_. It always indicates the version of windows you are using.
114 Replies to "Excel to Google Earth, from UTM coordinates"
 1. If you bought the template, write to the support mail related in your mail.
 Usually this is the mail: editor @ geofumadas. com
 2. Hello.
 Get token HERE virker ikke. Hvor kan jeg får tak i den?
 Get token HERE does not work. Where can I get it?
 3. Hello, could you share a demo or temporary test application "Excel to Google Earth, from UTM coordinates", only for educational purposes and in the way I promote your application. Thank you.
 4. Go to the regional settings of your Windows and set the point as a decimal point separator and the comma as thousands separator.
 If you still have doubts write to the support email that came with the purchase of the template.
 5. Good afternoon
 It also takes me to the North Pole and the point cloud is in Asunción del Paraguay
 Can you help me, please?
 6. The problem was solved by support.
 It was a problem of compatibility with new versions of office 365 and 64 bits.
 7. Saudações Ulisses.
 Or problem is a regional configuration of your operational system.
 You must guarantee that a blank is placed, such as a milhar separator, a blank as a list separator or as a decimal point separator.
 To obtain support for a model purchase, send an e-mail of support that accompanies the purchase.
 8. Follow the recommendations of the site, insert information and return or error »Microsoft Visual Basic» Error in execution time «13»: Type Incompatíveis.
 9. Hello Alejandro.
 The reason why you send the data to the pole, is because in your windows you must make this configuration:
 The point, as a separator of thousands
 The comma, as a separator of decimals
 The comma, as a list separator.
 If you have any doubt, we have sent you an email.
 10. It does not do the calculations well, it sends you to the north pole, I have done it even with the data that comes as


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Siebel Advisor Administration Guide > Working with Advisor Project Files > About the Advisor Project Files >
Advisor Project Structure
The organization in which Advisor presents the project objects reflects the organization of the associated application.
Project objects that define the overall appearance and functionality of the application are considered application-level objects. These application-level objects include the Application UI Definition file and a contents list table.
The application presents information related to one or more categories. Advisor groups all of the project objects related to a single category into a pageset.
Within each pageset, the project objects are organized into two categories: data objects and interface objects. Each data object is further classified as a feature data object or a configuration data object. The feature data and configuration data objects are Feature tables and Configuration tables respectively. The interface objects within a pageset are the Pageset UI Definition file and the Pageset UI Registry file.
Every pageset in an application, at a minimum, contains the following items:
- A Pageset UI Definition file (oc_default_ui.htm)
- A Pageset UI Registry file (pCar_i.htm)
- At least one Configuration table
- One or more Feature tables
- One or more display pages


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Extreme Vigilance CyberSecurity applies the power of Scianta's groundbreaking cognitive analytics platform to deliver behavior-based threat analytics and discovery solutions to Splunk Enterprise. XVCS guides you through critical decision making with deep human-like insight and data-driven decision support.
Play back the sequence of an actor's behavior that triggered an alert, in context with the expected behavior of that actor or their peers. Drill down to the underlying actions and events that comprise the behavior to explore the incident in depth, identify root cause and evaluate the risk to the enterprise.
Visualize the behavior of an actor in comparison to her peers. Determine the degree to which the behavior is anomalous. Drill down to replay and explore the actor's behavior sequence.
Discover changes in an actor's behavior pattern over time. Quickly identify new patterns of behavior and determine the risk to the enterprise of that behavior.


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Control of downy mildew (DM) in the hopyard is an ongoing challenge for growers in many regions; and especially difficult for growers that have susceptible hop varieties. DM takes different forms and produces several different spore types in reaction to environmental conditions - i.e. aerial, oospores, and zoospores. Each spore type has its own set of specific control measures. DM is active whenever temperature and moisture conditions are correct; spring, summer, and fall. In the fall season, downy mildew switches from actively producing airborne spores that mainly affect the bines, foliage, and cones; to forming protective oospores and motile zoospores that can overwinter in the soil and dormant hop crown. The more familiar springtime DM spikes on new shoots are less evident in the fall as hop growth slows and the infected older foliage takes on a mottled appearance; which many growers fail to notice. Once DM has a foothold in a hopyard, outside airborne spores are not necessary to re-start early springtime infections.
Great Lakes Hops has found the following fall practices to be effective in gaining good control over downy mildew and other pests and pathogens in hopyards.


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Mount Fear by Abigail Reynolds takes the crime incident statistics for London and represents them as a 3D physical map built up from layer upon layer of cardboard.
Abigail Reynolds describes the project as follows:
The terrain of Mount Fear is generated by data sets relating to the frequency and position of urban crimes.
Each individual incident adds to the height of the model, forming a mountainous terrain. The imaginative fantasy space seemingly proposed by the sculpture is subverted by the hard facts and logic of the criteria that shape it.
The tensions present within Bradford offer a similar theme of inquiry – extracting data via desktop research could prove useful but overlaying this with 'on the ground' collected data would provide added richness.


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Farrell, Mary Eileen and Bishop, Marilyn F and Kumar, N and Lawrence, WE (1990) Theory of the effects of destruction of localization by inelastic scattering in the resistivity of pure thin potassium wires. In: Physical Review B: Condensed Matter, 42 (6). pp. 3260-3270.
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Measurements of the electrical resistivity of thin potassium wires at temperatures near 1 K have revealed a minimum in the resistivity as a function of temperature. By proposing that the electrons in these wires have undergone localization, albeit with large localization length, and that inelastic-scattering events destroy the coherence of that state, we can explain both the magnitude and shape of the temperature-dependent resistivity data. Localization of electrons in these wires is to be expected because, due to the high purity of the potassium, the elastic mean free path is comparable to the diameters of the thinnest samples, making the Thouless length lT (or inelastic diffusion length) much larger than the diameter, so that the wire is effectively one dimensional. The inelastic events effectively break the wire into a series of localized segments, whose resistances can be added to obtain the total resistance of the wire. The ensemble-averaged resistance for all possible segmented wires, weighted with a Poisson distribution of inelastic-scattering lengths along the wire, yields a length dependence for the resistance that is proportional to [L3/lin(T)], provided that lin(T)?L, where L is the sample length and lin(T) is some effective temperature-dependent one-dimensional inelastic-scattering length. A more sophisticated approach using a Poisson distribution in inelastic-scattering times, which takes into account the diffusive motion of the electrons along the wire through the Thouless length, yields a lengthand temperature-dependent resistivity proportional to (L/lT)4 under appropriate conditions. Inelastic-scattering lifetimes are inferred from the temperature-dependent bulk resistivities (i.e., those of thicker, effectively three-dimensional samples), assuming that a minimum amount of energy must be exchanged for a collision to be effective in destroying the phase coherence of the localized state. If the dominant inelastic mechanism is electron-electron scattering, then our result, given the appropriate choice of the channel number parameter, is consistent with the data. If electron-phason scattering were of comparable importance, then our results would remain consistent. However, the inelastic-scattering lifetime inferred from bulk resistivity data is too short. This is because the electron-phason mechanism dominates in the inelastic-scattering rate, although the two mechanisms may be of comparable importance for the bulk resistivity. Possible reasons why the electron-phason mechanism might be less effective in thin wires than in bulk are discussed.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||Copyright of this article belongs to The American Physical Society.|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Physical & Mathematical Sciences > Physics|
|Date Deposited:||11 Jan 2011 07:32|
|Last Modified:||11 Jan 2011 07:32|
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Increased nutrient inputs is one of many global change factors predicted to affect the composition and ecosystem function of plant communities. In general, nitrogen deposition decreases diversity and increases productivity. The effects of phosphorus addition have received less attention, however, and the interactive effect of both nutrients is likely to exacerbate diversity loss over time. Here we addressed whether chronic nutrient additions changed community structure and ecosystem productivity of a native tallgrass prairie.


Italian immigration to Mexico
Veracruz Enlarge Michoacán
Italian Mexicans
Entrance to the Italian section of the Panteón de Dolores in Mexico City
Total population
8,911 Italian nationals residing in Mexico (2017)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Puebla · Mexico City · Michoacán · Veracruz · Nuevo León
Mexican Spanish · Italian · Chipileño
Roman Catholicism
Related ethnic groups
Other Italian diasporas
An Italian-Mexican or Italo-Mexican (Spanish: italo-mexicano, Italian: italo-messicano) is a Mexican citizen of Italian descent or origin. The ancestors of most Mexicans of Italian descent arrived in the country during the late 19th century. Their descendants have generally assimilated into mainstream Mexican society.
Painting of a seated woman
First Lady Margarita Maza, wife of Benito Juárez, was the daughter of a Genoese immigrant.
During the colonial era there was a small number of non-Spanish European entrants, in particular Catholic missionaries. There are records of a few Italian soldiers and mariners in early New Spain.[2] Prominent among the Italians was Juan Pablos (born Giovanni Paoli in Brescia), who founded the first printing shop in the Americas.[2] The most important missionary was Eusebio Kino who led the evangelization of Pimería Alta.
Italo-Mexican identity rests on the common experience of migration from Italy in the late 19th century, a period characterized by a general Italian diaspora to the Americas. About 73,000 Italians emigrated to Mexico during this period,[3] and some returned to Italy or went on to the United States.[4] Most Italians who came to Mexico were farmers or farm workers from the northern Italian regions of Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, and Lombardy. Others, who arrived in the early 19th century, were from southern Italy. Many Italian settlers arriving in the late 19th and early 20th centuries received land grants from the Mexican government. When Benito Mussolini came to power, tens of thousands of Italian families left Italy for Mexico.
In the state of Aguascalientes there is a large population of Mexicans of Italian descent, the result of the French incursion and the creation of the Second Mexican Empire.[citation needed], while States like Guanajuato's large Italian population are due to both abandonment of agricultural Italian colonies in nearby states and later Italian immigration choosing the state as a destination. The regions with the greatest populations of Mexican Italians are Mexico City, Puebla, Morelos, Michoacán, Nuevo Leon, Baja California, Puebla, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, and Veracruz. Veracruz has the largest Italian population along with Mexico City, mainly due to being the port of entry for immigrants.
Large group photograph of people of all ages
Italian community of Monterrey in 1905
Although Italo-Mexicans claim an Italian ethnic identity, they generally note that they are Mexican as well. In 1975, there were an estimated 130,000 Mexicans descended from Italian colonists, this number has grown dramatically to over 1,250,000 around Mexico and emigres to the US, just from the agricultural government sponsored colonies, while the Italian descendant population as a whole exceeds over 5 million Mexicans, making it one of the larger European ethnic groups in Mexico along with the larger Spanish, as well as German and French descendants.[5] Population figures are uncertain because, unlike other countries, Mexico's census does not gather information on specific ethnic groups. Most Italian Mexicans speak Spanish, but in Italian communities Italian and its related languages and dialects (usually mixed with Spanish) are used to communicate among themselves.[citation needed]
Italian community
Many Italian-Mexicans live in cities founded by their ancestors in the states of Veracruz (Huatusco) and San Luis Potosí. Smaller numbers of Italian-Mexicans live in Guanajuato, Edomex, and the former haciendas (now cities) of Nueva Italia, Michoacán and Lombardia in Michoacán, both founded by Dante Cusi from Gambar in Brescia.
Befana, an ornately-dressed woman
Italian feast of Befana in Chipilo, Puebla
Playa del Carmen, Mahahual and Cancun in the state of Quintana Roo have also received a significant number of immigrants from Italy. Several families of Italian-Mexican descent were granted citizenship in the United States under the Bracero program to address a labor shortage of labor.
Italian companies have invested in Mexico, primarily in the tourism and hospitality industries. These ventures have sometimes resulted in settlements, but residents primarily live in the resort areas of the Riviera Maya, Baja California, Puerto Vallarta and Cancun. Although they generate employment, mainly in restaurants, hotels and entertainment centers, most employees have not become permanent residents of Mexico and live as ex-pats.
Italian dialects
Green outdoor monument of Italy on a globe
Monument in San Pedro Garza García commemorating the Italian presence in Nuevo León
Most Italian immigration to Mexico occurred in the establishment of colonies. Dialects of Italian and languages of Italy which are still spoken include:
Notable Italo-Mexicans
Portrait of a young man
Claudio Linati is known for his lithographs depicting life in early independent Mexico.
First generation immigrants
See also
 1. ^ "International Migration Database". OECD. Retrieved 7 January 2019. Country of birth/nationality: Italy, Variable: Stock of foreign population by nationality
 2. ^ a b Zilli Mánica, José Benigno. "De los italianos en México. Desde los "conquistadores" hasta los socios de la Cooperativa de Emigración Agrícola San Cristóforo (1924)". Universidad Veracruzana. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
 3. ^ [1] Italian statistics 2009
 4. ^ Italian Mexicans Orientation
 5. ^ "Italian-Mexicans". Encyclopedia of World Cultures, Volume 8: Mesoamerican and the Caribbean. Retrieved 24 March 2015.


Elasticsearch Verification Overview
Updated 1 day ago by Michael Cretzman
This topic describes how to set up Harness Continuous Verification features, and monitor your deployments and production applications using Harness' unsupervised machine-learning functionality, on the Elastic Stack.
Harness supports Elastic versions 5.0 to 7.x.
In this topic:
Visual Summary
Harness Continuous Verification integrates with ELK to verify your deployments and live production applications using the following Harness features:
 - 24/7 Service Guard - Monitors your live, production applications.
 - Deployment Verification - Monitors your application deployments, and performs automatic rollback according to your criteria.
This topic describes how to set up these Harness Continuous Verification features, and how to monitor your deployments and production applications using its unsupervised machine-learning functionality.
Exceptions with Elasticsearch via Kibana
Harness Analysis of Elasticsearch Verification
Integration Process Summary
You set up ELK and Harness in the following way:
 1. ELK - Monitor your application using ELK. In this article, we assume that you are using ELK to monitor your application already.
 2. Verification Provider Setup - In Harness, you connect Harness to your ELK account, adding ELK as a Harness Verification Provider.
 3. Harness Application - Create a Harness Application with a Service and an Environment. We do not cover Application setup in this sequence. See Application Components.
 4. 24/7 Service Guard SetupIn the Environment, set up 24/7 Service Guard to monitor your live, production application.
 5. Verify Deployments:
 1. Add a Workflow to your Harness Application and deploy your microservice or application to the service infrastructure/Infrastructure Definition in your Environment.
 2. After you have run a successful deployment, you then add verification steps to the Workflow using your Verification Provider.
 3. Harness uses unsupervised machine-learning and Elasticsearch analytics to analyze your future deployments, discovering events that might be causing your deployments to fail. Then you can use this information to set rollback criteria and improve your deployments.
Next Steps
How did we do?


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This story is from the category Augmenting Organics
Date posted: 21/08/2012
A new made-in-the-lab material designed to rejuvenate the human voice, restoring the flexibility that vocal cords lose with age and disease, is emerging from a collaboration between scientists and physicians, a scientist heading the development team said at a conference in Philadelphia on August 20.
That's just one of several innovations that Robert Langer, Sc.D., discussed in delivering the latest Kavli Foundation Innovations in Chemistry Lecture at the 244th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS).
Langer heads a team of almost 100 in laboratories at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), one of the world's largest academic research laboratories. He holds, or has applied for, more than 800 patents, and has founded or co-founded numerous companies, with honors that include the ACS' 2012 Priestley Medal, the highest honor of the world's largest scientific society.
The artificial vocal cord material, the first designed to restore lost flexibility in human vocal cords, results from an ongoing effort to produce artificial tissues in the lab, Langer explained. Lost flexibility in the vocal cords, due to the effects of aging or disease, is a major factor in the voice loss that affects 18 million people in the United States alone.
"The synthetic vocal cord gel has similar properties as the material found in human vocal cords and flutters in response to air pressure changes, just like the real thing," explained Langer, who is the David H. Koch Institute Professor at MIT.
The vocal cords are two folds in the "voice box" that vibrate, or come together and away from each other very quickly to produce puffs of air that help form sounds. They function in much the same way as a reed in a saxophone. The cords consist of layers of muscle, ligament and a membrane. A layer between the ligament and the membrane is very flexible, and that flexibility and pliability is critical for speech.
But when someone, such as a teacher, a politician or a performer, overuses their voice, scar tissue develops. The same thing happens when a person gets older, accounting for the lower volume and hoarseness often apparent in older people. Cancer or having a tube inserted in the throat for medical procedures also can damage the cords. Scar tissue is stiff, and scarring leaves a person with a hoarse, breathy voice.
"About 90 percent of human voice loss is because of lost pliability," said Steven Zeitels, M.D., F.A.C.S., Langer's collaborator on the project. Zeitels is the Eugene B. Casey Professor at Harvard Medical School and Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Voice Center. His patients include singers Julie Andrews of The Sound of Music fame, who lost her full vocal range after surgery done elsewhere in 1997, Steven Tyler of Aerosmith and Adele. "I recognized this need in my practice over the years, after seeing many patients with voice problems. I went to Bob Langer because I knew he could help design a material that would ultimately help patients speak and sing again. Currently, no treatments exist to restore vocal cord flexibility."
The material had to be very flexible and be able to vibrate just like human vocal cords. After trying numerous candidates, Langer's team settled on polyethylene glycol 30 (PEG30), which is already used in personal care creams and in medical devices and drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as a starting material and created polymers based on it. The PEG30 gel can flutter at a rate of 200 times per second, which is a normal rate for a woman speaking in a conversation.
A physician would inject the gel into a patient's vocal cords. Patients would receive different formulations, depending on how they use their voices. The most stable version is highly "cross-linked," which means the molecules of PEG are more tightly stitched together than in other versions. That makes the material a little bit rigid, but it would still help restore someone's speaking voice. A singer, however, would likely receive a formulation that is more loosely stitched together, or less cross-linked, which is more flexible to allow the patient to hit high notes. The gel degrades over time, so patients would receive two to five injections per year, estimated Zeitels.
Tests in animals suggest that the material is safe, and human trials will hopefully begin in mid-2013. Some of Zeitels' patients, such as Andrews, have formed a nonprofit organization called The Voice Health Institute, which funds Langer and Zeitels' research on the vocal cord biomaterial.
See the full Story via external site: _URL_
Most recent stories in this category (Augmenting Organics):
04/05/2013: Printable 'bionic' ear melds electronics and biology

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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1 – INSTALL OPERATING SYSTEM
Select Install CentOS 7 and press Enter
Press Enter to begin the installation
Select your Language and click Continue
Complete any items marked with the Exclamation icon. Only the Installation Destination should be marked and will be automatic partitioning by default. Click Installation Destination
By default automatic partitioning is selected. Review the automatic partitioning and confirm it suits your needs and click Done. Otherwise, you'll need to manually complete the partitioning (beyond this tutorial).
CentOS 7 will now begin to install. Click Root Password to set the password while you wait for the installation to finish.
Enter your Root password twice and click Done. CentOS will rate the strength of your password and obviously the stronger the better.
Once the installation completes, click Reboot.
The boot menu will automatically boot CentOS 7
2 – LOGIN AS ROOT
3 – CONFIGURE NETWORK ADAPTER
4 – INSTALL VMWARE TOOLS (Optional)
If this installation of CentOS 7 is a VMWare Guest OS, you may wish to install the VMWare Tools by running the following command:
yum -y install open-vm-tools
5 – INSTALL NANO (Optional)
If you are not a fan of the vi text editor, you may wish to install Nano which has a more natural text editor feel to it by running:
yum -y install nano
6 – INSTALL UPDATES
Install updates by running:
yum -y update
7 – CREATE A SUDOER USER
It's best practice to not use the root (super-user) user account. Instead, you should always use a regular user account and allow them root privileges by adding them to the sudoers file. You can then run privileged commands by use the sudo or su commands. Let's first start by creating a user by running the following command (where sigkill is the username):
Next, we want to set the password for our user by running the following command and enter the password twice when prompted:
Here is an example of the output you'll receive
Now that your user is created, you want to add them to the sudoers file. You can edit the sudoers file with vi by running the following command. (NOTE: If you're not familiar with vi, take a look at vi cheat sheet)
Near the end of the sudoers file, locate the following lines
## Allow root to run any commands anywhere root ALL=(ALL) ALL
Add the following line directly below the above lines then save and quit (:wq)
sigkill ALL=(ALL) ALL
Here is an example of how it should look
8 – PREVENT REMOTE SSH ACCESS FOR ROOT
By default, SSH is installed and ready to work once you configure a network adapter. Another best practice is to prevent remote SSH access to the root account.
Locate the following line
Modify the above line to the following then save and quit the file
Restart the SSH Service by running the following command
systemctl restart sshd


The Boom Bust Model by Soros
Just something worthy remembering. A typical boom-bust cycle has eight stages:
It starts with a prevailing bias and a prevailing trend, kicking off a reflexive process.
1. The trend is not yet recognized
2. The trend is recognized and reinforced by the prevailing bias. The process approaches far-from-equilibrium territory.
3. A period of testing intervene when prices suffer a setback.
4. If the bias and trend survive the testing, both emerge stronger and the far-from-equilibrium condition is firmly established.
5. Moment of truth, when reality can no longer sustain the exaggerated expectations.
6. Twilight period, when people continue to play the game although they no longer believe in it.
7. A cross point, when the trend turns down and the bias is reversed.
8. Catastrophic downward acceleration, commonly known as a crash.
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Civil rights proponents picture 17 year old Trayvon Martin as an angelical 12 year old.17 year old football playing Trayvon-Martin! Angelic innocent 12 year old boy? child. The mainstream press shows nothing but 4 year old photos of little Trayvon. Are there no recent photos?
Trayvon's potentially lawless attitudes
are rarely mentioned.
 1. Why did the Martin family, and the entire world press, show only 4 year old Trayvon childhood photos?
 1. Maybe because, without exception, all the more recent photos are of the thuggish gang style rapper kind?
 2. Recent photos all were Trayvon with gold teeth, gang signals, typical for a self declared "NO LIMIT NIGGA" on Twitter?
 2. Was Trayvon an adept of thuggish violent rap Black Culture?
 1. with all its propensity for violence
 2. and the entitlement feeling that he is allowed to attack, punch, and punish a white man if he dares to racially profile, be suspicious of him, or follow him?
 3. Did Trayvon get suspended for punching a bus driver?
 1. did Trayvon have multiple suspensions in school, for graffiti, drugs, violence?
 2. Was Trayvon Martin really on a 10 day suspension?
 3. Would anyone but an inveterate serious repeat offender get a 10 day suspension?
 4. Was Trayvon a burglar?
 1. If Trayvon burglarized jewelry, the easiest place to steal would be the gated community of his father's girl friend and of George Zimmermann. There Trayvon could roam without appearing suspicious (except to paranoid George Zimmermann)
 2. When followed by George Zimmermann, did Trayvon avoid to go to his nearby home, afraid of being identified?
 3. Or did Trayvon Martin run because he had burglary tools, burglary loot, or drugs?
 4. Was the time between the seven-eleven surveillance video and George (Zimmermann)'s 911 call compatible with Trayvon Martin going straight home. Or was there time for having done mischief on the way?
 5. Did Martin go home, leave whatever incriminating evidence of burglary tools or drugs there; and then go back to confront Zimmermann?
 6. Or where else was Martin for the few minutes George was on the phone?
 7. Obviously Martin backtracked or went in circles. If you study the map, and the time line, this is obvious.
 8. Why would someone (Trayvon Martin) backtrack? Instead of going straight to one's nearby home, if one is really scared of a bad man (George) following?
 9. Was Trayvon Martin afraid of identifying himself to George Zimmermann, afraid Zimmermann would make the connection between his suspicious behavior and recent burglaries?
 10. Did Trayvon know who Zimmermann was and therefore was afraid of being discovered?
 11. Of course, Trayvon could have fled and hidden. Then returned an hour later. But that would be inconvenient in the dark and with the rain.
 12. Why is it ok to suspect a decent, law abiding neighborhood watch man of being a criminal, senselessly hunting down and shooting an innocent 17 year old 6′ 1" "child". For no reason, and with no apparent motive. But it is a sacrilege to suspect a black kid, on long term school suspension, to be a potential criminal? That would be racial profiling.
 1. Did the jewelry, allegedly confiscated from Trayvon Martin at school, stem from one or several of the frequent burglaries at George Zimmermann's gated community.
 1. That would be the perfect closure of the Trayvon Martin court case. It would explain Trayvon behaving in suspicious ways, well, like a burglar checking out houses.
 2. It would explain Trayvon Martin getting concerned, angry, and violent when followed.
 3. It would explain why Trayvon Martin did not want to go home, to be identified.
 4. I very much hope that George's lawyer will request an analysis of the jewelry (allegedly) confiscated from Martin.
 5. Of course, Trayvon Martin's girl friend would not volunteer such information, unless, maybe, under oath.
 2. We will have a chance to find out because
 1. George Zimmermann's defense wins right to Trayvon Martin's school records and social network data
 2. This is relevant to ascertain if Trayvon Martin is the type of person who would throw the first punch.
 3. It might be an attempt by the judge to cover his _USER_ when he inevitably has to acquit George. Only with overwhelming evidence, with acquittal for proven innocence can riots be avoided.
 We might be wrong
 The true 17 year old Trayvon MartinYes, our theory is a bit far fetched and more likely untrue then true.
 We try to be a provocative, thought provoking Devil's Advocate.
 Probably our theory is partially true.
 It is more likely and makes more sense then the theory of a neighborhood watch man being a senseless killer of innocent kids.
 We very much hope the New Black Panther Party will not put out a bounty on our head, dead or alive.
 It is scary and dangerous to be in favor of George Zimmermann, even for judges, witnesses or jurors.
 Alternative theories: If George Zimmermann is guilty of 2nd degree (non-premeditated) murder
 All the civil rights activist carefully avoid to give an alternative theory. How could the "murder" have happened, consistent with all evidence?
 1. Zimmermann sees a Black person and due to racial profiling suspects the innocent child is a criminal
 2. He calls police (strange, if you soon will murder someone)
 3. George follows innocent little Trayvon,
 4. George Zimmermann disobeys the suggestion (not order) of the dispatcher ("we don't need you to follow") and continues following Trayvon.
 5. Trayvon avoids going to the safety of his home
 6. Minutes later Zimmermann tracks down Martin exactly where Zimmermann started out a few minutes earlier.
 7. Trayvon Martin was going in circles when followed.
 8. Angrily George Zimmermann confronts Trayvon Martin
 9. Zimmermann screams for help, to create diversion (risking to have witnesses of his future killing)
 10. Or Trayvon screams for help, afraid of the gun, but is so scared he does not run away nor counter-attack
 11. Zimmermann shoots him point blank. (it has been determined that the shot came from close by). If you have a gun, you would be safer shooting from a distance, but Zimmermann planned his murderous act to look like self defense.
 12. Immediately, George Zimmermann threw himself on the ground, rubs his back on the wet grass, bangs the back of his head onto concrete slabs and punches himself in the eyes and breaks his own nose. He does so carefully, not to injure his own hands.
 13. Zimmermann convinces a neighbor to declare to police that he saw Trayvon on top of Zimmermann, punching him
 14. Thus Zimmermann has a witness that he committed normal self defense. No need to insist on stand your ground law if you are pinned to the ground getting slammed against concrete.
 To be fair, there is an alternate possibility. Zimmermann was beaten up, with Trayvon Martin mounted on Zimmermann. Somehow Zimmermann managed to escape, Once no more on top, Trayvon suddenly became peaceful. Zimmermann shot him point blank, as a racist revenge.
 Had Trayvon continued to attack when standing, Zimmermann could have invoked "stand your ground" (except, of course, that he had started the altercation).
 The alternative theory is pretty unlikely. Zimmermann could re-enact this travesty, without being caught at any inconsistency?
 Here is a video that makes a real effort to explain how a murder could have happened and tries to consider all facts (but very speculative)
 I give them credit for trying hard. In their theory, Trayvon ought to have a wet back with grass marks. I don't think that was the case. It also does not explain Zimmermann's wet back. Furthermore, Zimmermann has to be very whacko to call police before hunting down and shooting a guy.
 We will post more alternative theories in the next days.


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Curriculum Vitae (short version)
- University of California, Davis, Ph.D., 1971
- University of California, Davis, Ph.C., 1970
- University of California, Davis, M.A., 1968
- University of California, Davis, B.A., 1967
Dr. Thomas recently completed 30 years of archaeological research on St. Catherine's Island, off the Atlantic Coast of Georgia. Using remote sensing technology, his team discovered the long-lost site of the Franciscan mission St. Catalina de Guale (_PHONE_) and conducted major excavations there for a dozen years. With fieldwork completed, the team is preparing publications about its discoveries. Recently, Dr. Thomas and his team have been excavating the ruins of the Spanish Mission (1620-80) located about 20 miles south of Santa Fe. The archaeologists are using a sophisticated array of remote sensing technologies to map the subsurface structure of the site, and then excavating significant architectural features in the church and convent area. This project includes a unique intern program involving high-school-age members of the local descendant (Hispanic and Pueblo Indian) communities. Dr. Thomas's scholarly research focuses on redefining the relationship between Native American and anthropological communities. His book, Skull Wars, traces the development of the current tensions in these relationships over the past two centuries, while seeking ways to build bridges between the groups' diverse perspectives. He has organized and directed more than 100 archaeological excavations, including the discovery of the Gatecliff Shelter in Nevada, the deepest archaeological rock shelter in the Americas.


text:
Abstract: In this paper, genetic algorithm has been investigated for the enhancement of the visible and infrared images. The algorithm was effective as the contents of the images became clear with the successive iterations. The algorithm was applied on the image for 200 random DNAs with successive iterations. The analysis of the results showed that the quality of images get enhanced with the successive iterations.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Image Enhancement, DNA.


text:
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
The underlying physics and dynamics of the atmosphere drive electric currents and establish electric fields in a phenomenon known as the global electric circuit (GEC). The GEC has been observed and modeled with limiting assumptions and parameterizations in previous research. This thesis describes the incorporation of a physics-based GEC modeling scheme into a sophisticated climate model to describe the evolution of GEC currents, ground-ionosphere potential, electric fields, and conductivity within the atmosphere. Supporting measurements of atmospheric electric fields over time were used to describe the impact of local meteorological changes and assess the GEC contribution to near-surface electric fields.
The source currents within the GEC are generated by a global distribution of electrified clouds. The produced currents lead to a potential difference between the ground and ionosphere. This potential difference produces return currents that are dependent on the global conductivity distribution. Realistic physics and dynamics produced within the climate model are used to generate the conductivity of the atmosphere. The conductivity calculation includes a 3-D spatial and temporal determination of ion production from radon, galactic cosmic rays, and solar proton events and ion losses from recombination, clouds, and aerosols. To validate the model, several data sets from Antarctica and an array of measurements from Kennedy Space Center were utilized. The use of these data sets required new statistical methods to be developed to better understand how local meteorological processes affect electric fields including the wind direction, clouds, and the local sunrise.
Coupling the conductivity and sources together within the model produces new insights into the GEC efficiency of electrical storms. Storms near the equator tend to be strong but inefficient, while storms at mid-latitude are weaker and more efficient. This leads to the global source current distribution shifting more poleward. The model is also used to simulate changes in the GEC caused by volcanic eruptions and the solar cycle. Although the GEC is global in nature, diurnal, seasonal, and annual variations in electric field measurements from the model are highly location dependent.
Lucas, Greg M., "Investigating the Physical Mechanisms That Impact Electric Fields in the Atmosphere" (2017). Aerospace Engineering Sciences Graduate Theses & Dissertations. 231.


text:
Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists
2 Rev ed
Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Ltd)
1 Jan 2011
Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition explores the concept of sustainable development and its implications for science and engineering. It looks at how sustainability criteria can be combined with traditional scientific and engineering considerations to design and operate industrial systems in a more sustainable manner. Taking a life cycle approach to addressing economic, environmental and social issues, the book presents a series of new practical case studies drawn from a range of sectors, including mining, energy, food, buildings, transport, waste, and health. Written in an accessible style, the book opens with a general introduction to the concept of sustainable development and explores its practical implications for technical experts. Recognising that practical application of sustainable development depends on the context, the second part of the book is devoted to case studies. The case studies explore scientific and technical aspects alongside relevant environmental economic and social issues. The key features of this completely revised and updated second edition include: * Twelve new chapters, including the case studies on nuclear energy, biofuels, aviation, buildings, urban transport, food, sanitation and health. * Six completely revised chapters * Coverage of a wide range of sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries * Integration of scientific and technical aspects with economic, environmental and social considerations * Discussion of policy implications * Communication with the non-engaging and non-scientific audience Considered essential reading for all engineers and scientists concerned with sustainable development, Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition also provides key reading and learning materials for undergraduate and postgraduate science and engineering students.


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An Indefinable Realm
by Maeve Coudrelle
Harrison Walker's 2015-2017 series, Portals, is composed of a repeated circular shape—an ethereal, planetary-like form—which offers a glimpse into an indefinable realm. Both the round elements and their surrounding borders are characterized throughout by diverse tonalities, textures and imagery. Operating as exploratory studies into the distinct effects of each component technique, the prints draw upon a wide variety of photographic and printmaking materials and processes, including etching and lithographic ink, liquid light emulsion, silver nitrate and cyanotype. The works often echo one another formally and materially, creating a visual play and inviting the viewer's eye to track the oscillating pictorial effect. Stacked in row upon row, the repeated compositions engulf the viewer in a near-immersive space, dwarfing the human body and dominating the wall—inciting both awe and curiosity, on the one hand, and apprehension, on the other.
Walker has an abiding interest in the passage of time, notably the duration of both his investigative artistic process and the viewing time of the spectator. His work calls for prolonged attention, eliciting the analytical talents of the viewer, who is tasked with locating and identifying the individual elements at work in each print. Layered works replete with historical and material references, Walker's prints offer an enticing challenge for both practitioners, who will take pleasure in identifying the plethora of techniques at play, and non-experts, who will engross themselves in the expressiveness of the chromatic and formal elements, and the mystery of the distorted found photographs. Whether interacted with solely on the basis of technical experimentation, or meditated upon within the context of the larger questions that it puts forth—the substance and passage of time; the emotiveness of texture and color; the nature of history and memory—Walker's practice is replete with exploratory potential.


text:
10 Mar Teaching Science as Inquiry
Implementating the No Child Left Behind Act has resulted in great challenges for teachers, and by extension, a greater need for professional development, than ever before.
CRDG's Science Section has responded to this need by creating a series of twoand three-day workshops on teaching science through inquiry. Research has shown that learning through inquiry enhances students' capacity to understand the concepts and skills of science. Our science faculty drew on their thirty-five years of experience supporting teachers and schools K–12 as they implemented inquiry strategies in their classrooms to create this series of workshops. The first session was held on Guam in the summer of 2005 where twenty-four elementary teachers from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) focused on teaching astronomy through inquiry. Other modules developed in 2005 are Simple Machines (elementary), Why Do Things Sink and Float? (middle school), and Aquatic Science (high school).


text:
How do you measure the distance from an African village to an American city? What does it mean to be refugee in today's global village? This hour on Here on Earth: Radio Without Borders, Jean Feraca talks with a filmmaker who documented two Somali families' effort to survice in America.
- Anne Makepeace, documentarian, maker of "Rain in a Dry Land"
- Mohamed Osman, a Somali native, founder of the Confederation of Somali Community in Minnesota and the Somali-American Education Program, Minnesota
- Anne 12/13/07: "I had the pleasure of being on your show on November 26, and wanted to clarify something for your audience that may have confused them. Mohamed Hassan Osman, the Somali man who was interviewed in the last half of the hour, criticized my film, Rain in a Dry Land, as being 'dramatized' and therefore untrue. In fact, the film is pure documentary and tells the true, undramatized story of two Somali Bantu families who are now in America. Like many Somalis, Mr. Osman wants to deny the rampant oppression of the Bantu in Somalia. In fact the Bantu's third class social status, lack of access to education or enfranchisement, and their history as descendants of slaves are simply historical facts; the families in the film experienced these things in Somalia before fleeing from attacking militias during the 1991 civil war. Even in the refugee camps where the lucky ones managed to escaped, the Bantu were attacked and discriminated against by other Somalis. There are many Somalis in America who have been generous and helpful to the arriving Somali Bantu, but Mr. Osman's attitude of denial is neither helpful nor true."


Thursday / August 5
Inspiring Students to Attend College With Google Expeditions
Like many school counselors, I often imagine the lives of my students years later, transformed by education and the possibilities we opened up for them. A large part of realizing their future lives is introducing them to new concepts and ideas and encouraging them to touch the greater world or a yet-realized future. One of my recently discovered connection tools is also my newest Google infatuation, Google Expeditions.
Google Expeditions is an immersive and collaborative virtual reality (VR) experience. Through cell phones, users either manage or participate in a multitude of pre-selected expeditions. As school counselors, we have access to captivating tours of colleges and career experiences with only a few clicks and swipes. I can use Google Expeditions to transport students to campuses across various regions, sizes, and settings. A student need only begin with a cell phone, because the Google Expeditions app is free. Students can toggle between VR goggles or full screen mode. On my cell phone or tablet, I can take the lead, selecting an expedition, and once I've selected the appropriate campus, I need only wait for my students to click to "join."
Here is an example: For this tour, I've selected Penn State: Main Campus. Press "Play" and we're in the lobby of Old Main. The polished redbrick shines as do the glowing white pillars. As students explore the centuries-old building, I guide them through prepared questions and talking points provided to me through the app. I share details on a mural by Henry Barnum Poor and other features of the building including portraits and the foyer. The participants are guided to each feature by a white arrow that appears on their screen.
Swipe right, press play, and we're transported to Hetzel Union Building, surrounded by collegians eating and studying (and one welcoming mascot in the distance). Touching the drawing icon at the top of the screen, I circle the Nittany Lion so everyone can see the character waving in the crowd. My students respond appropriately, laughing and making Where's Waldo? jokes.
The next swipe and we're outside on the mall surrounded by trees, buildings, and students in shorts, followed by a visit to the campus creamery where fresh ice cream is served. With two swipes we breeze through the Meteorology Department and land at the Nittany Lion Shrine. We leave the limestone mountain lion and enter the College of Education's Krause Innovation studio: The futuristic setting is a chance for me to explore with my students a vision of a collaborative and creative educational experience for them now and in the future. We briefly stop at the picturesque Arboretum before entering the Library.
Finally, we land on the 50-yard line of Beaver Stadium. My students turn and are surrounded by a stadium with a capacity of more than 100,000. On a Saturday afternoon on ESPN, they wouldn't be able to explore the stadium in such a personal manner.
After about 30-45 minutes, I've walked my students through Pennsylvania's largest public institution without a bus, permission slips, or need for chaperones. What comes next is a truly powerful experience: We explore Stevens Institute of Technology, Bowdoin, or Howard Community College. Constraints of finance, readiness, and transportation are swiped away with Google Expeditions or other campus virtual reality tours like YouVisit.
The whole experience becomes a grand introduction to postsecondary preparedness. I suggest the following steps:
 1. I like to start with a pretest for this activity. It's great way to capture students' early understanding of college and the amount of growth that follows.
 2. I love providing a brief lesson on post-secondary options, basic vocabulary, and big ideas including types, size, cost, aid, and admissions.
 3. After a brief discussion of the devices, app, and joining process, we're free to explore institutions across the US while in the confines of a classroom.
 4. A whole group discussion lets the students share their experiences. There is normally a lot of energy and excitement after such an engaging experience. We dialogue about the aspects and type of campus, its perceived benefits, and an imagined future.
 5. A traditional post-test captures the student experience and any change in knowledge of college or shift in attitudes, including post-secondary aspiration. Using their devices, students could also do another reflective piece such as a video-log or Padlet discussion.
Many outcomes are associated with this captivating VR experience. For example, a class can be introduced to the college search process or a single student can imagine his or her college life while taking a self-guided tour on their phone.
Google Expeditions not only opens the doors to distant campuses, but also exposes students to careers. Non-traditional, STEM, and adventurous occupations can be experienced as easily as a virtual stroll through a college park. Complex issues such as immigration or the vestiges of slavery can be explored with real, tangible interactions. I think of Google Expeditions as realized education, where we can share in immersive and engaging experiences that transcend the confines that surround many of our students. Explore the app. Walk virtually through historic buildings, dabble in jobs you never thought you'd try, and be guided through difficult stories of our nation's past. Once comfortable, pack up your students and take them along with you using this futuristic technology.
Written by
Stephen Sharp is a school counselor and Apple Certified Educator. He has served his school district as a technology leader and is a co-founder of the Leadership Summit, a community-based social justice network that provides students the language and tools to understand and combat the many forms of oppression. Stephen is a Nationally Certified School Suicide Prevention Specialist and works with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to pilot an electronic behavioral health screening for schools. He works tirelessly across the state to provide education and training on mental health, substance abuse, inequality, and a world changed by technology. He was named the 2017 Pennsylvania Middle School Counselor of the Year.
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Skeleton showing the effects of leprosy, Netherlands, _PHONE_
The right and left feet show the devastating effects of leprosy on the bones of the body. This erosion and damage, caused by the decay of protective fatty tissue, does not occur in all cases. These feet are believed to be from an adult female buried in a Danish leprosy cemetery attached to a leper hospital. Those with leprosy were social outcasts due to fear of catching the disfiguring disease and it appears the same happened in death. However, similar skeletal remains have been found in graveyards not attached to leper hospitals.
Related Themes and Topics
There are 583 related objects. View all related objects
Glossary: human remains
term created as part of the NMSI human remains policy (from April 2007); Other terms used are 'blood' and 'human hair'
The bones or bony framework of an animal body considered as a whole; also, more generally, the harder (supporting or covering) constituent part of an animal organism.
A chronic disease that affects the skin, mucous membrane and nerves. It is now confined mainly to the tropics and is transmitted by direct contact. Previously a widely feared disease, leprosy is not highly infectious.
A period of isolation that is forced on people to try to halt the spread of disease. Quarantine was one of the few measures available to combat the spread of infectious disease before the development of antibiotics.


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Unbound: Ukrainian Canadians Writing Home
What does it mean to be Ukrainian in contemporary Canada? The Ukrainian Canadian writers in Unbound challenge the conventions of genre – memoir, fiction, poetry, biography, essay – and the boundaries that separate ethnic and authorial identities and fictional and non-fictional narratives. These intersections become the sites of new, thought-provoking and poignant creative writing by some of Canada's best-known Ukrainian Canadian authors.
To complement the creative writing, editors Lisa Grekul and Lindy Ledohowski offer an overview of the history of Ukrainian settlement in Canada and an extensive bibliography of Ukrainian Canadian literature in English. Unbound is the first such exploration of Ukrainian Canadian literature and a book that should be on the shelves of Canadian literature fans and those interested in the study of ethnic, postcolonial, and diasporic literature.
- Division: Scholarly Publishing
- World Rights
- Page Count: 168 pages
- Dimensions: 6.4in x 0.7in x 9.3in
"Unbound: Ukrainian Canadians Writing Home is a book about what it means to belong to an ethnos, if not an ethnic community, in a globalized world, and how a sense of identification with one's ancestral past rubs up against one's present, creating sparks that can help fire the literary imagination.
A postmodern mash-up of memories, critical reflections, creative ruminations, and pointed questions that probe the boundaries of one's own skin and sense of kin, the contributors' essays grapple with their conflicted identities with a frankness that is frequently uncomfortable, yet more often than not, liberating. Their craft and artistry provides food for thought that goes well beyond the stereotypes of borscht and cabbage rolls."
Jars Balan, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta
Author InformationLisa Grekul is a novelist and associate professor in the Department of Critical Studies at the University of British Columbia Okanagan.
Lindy Ledohowski is an educational leader and literary scholar. She serves on the board of trustees for the Canadian Museum for Human Rights.
Table of contents
Preface: "Write your stories down; make your voices heard"
Introduction: Ukrainian Canadian Poet Pedagogues
1. Language Lessons
Janice Kulyk Keefer
2. Eight Things
3. Am I Ukrainian?
Marsha Forchuk Skrypuch
4. Bringing Back Memory
6. Putting the Baba Back in the Book
7. The Gulag, The Crypt and the Gallows: Sites of Ukrainian Canadian Desire
Conclusion: Ukrainian Identities On(the)Line: Writing Ethnicity in a Time of Crisis
Appendix: Bibliography of English-Language Ukrainian Canadian Literature
The Kobzar Literary AwardWinner in 2018
Subjects and Courses


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Many parents build a backyard coop and stock it with a few hens as an interesting way to help their children learn responsibility by caring for animals and where food really comes from.
These are important lessons, but chickens offer children much more. A small flock can spark curiosity and imagination that gels into a rewarding career or lifelong hobby.
That may sound far-fetched but ask successful people what sparked their interest and led toward a career or meaningful hobbies and often they'll say: "When I was only four or five years old Dad and I made a birdhouse and ever since I've been fascinated with building things…..so I became an engineer." Or, "When I was only a few years old I spotted a brilliant red bird out our kitchen window. Mom and I looked in her bird book and identified a Scarlet Tanager. Birding's been my passion ever since."
Parents never know what might ignite a child's interest, so even brief exposure to a diversity of positive experiences can spark a lifelong passion. Master teachers recognize that curiosity is a powerful precursor to learning. Rather than doling out facts, gifted teachers create an environment that stimulates curiosity. Students eagerly take it from there.
Jane Goodall, famous for observing and documenting chimpanzee behavior in Africa, began her naturalist career as a young child carefully watching how chickens lay eggs in her grandmother's chicken coop.
Chickens are fascinating creatures, and a small flock can begin a child's adventure in science. A few hen's ability to teach out values the eggs they might contribute to the family. Children who joyfully interact with their chickens are poised for a satisfying career in animal care and agriculture.
According to Dr. Susan Lamont, Distinguished Professor of Agriculture at Iowa State University, many career opportunities are open in poultry and other areas of agriculture. More will be available when today's youth hit the job market in 10 – 15 years. "Even children growing up in urban or suburban neighborhoods can find a rewarding career in agriculture. Lessons learned caring for a chicken flock can nudge a youngster in that direction," Lamont says.
"There are many careers of various types open for students at all levels of education. Some have PhD degrees but others work as research associates or lab technicians with lesser degrees. Some openings require a high school diploma and further technical training in robotics, electronics, and other areas if they are doing maintenance or facility services on larger farms. Some farms hire engineering graduates. It depends on the situation. Then there are jobs in food safety that may require a certification. There certainly are jobs open in poultry and salaries are competitive," says Lesa Vold, Communications Specialist at the Egg Industry Center.
Do some experimenting
Parents can help pique kids' curiosity by encouraging simple chicken experiments. These help kids learn the scientific method while letting the hens be teachers. Here are a few simple examples:
Do chickens prefer sleeping with certain flock mates?
It helps to have five or six hens that are easy to identify as individuals. Perhaps they have different feather colors, patterns or physiques. Each evening take the child to the coop and photograph roosting birds. This is data collection. After taking photos for a week analyze them. Is there a pattern? Does the Rhode Island Red always or usually sleep next to the Black Australorp? This is data analysis. If a clear pattern emerges then the child has learned that hens like sleeping by a certain flock mate……or not. This is drawing conclusions based on observation and analysis.
Do chickens have food preferences?
Put a cup or two of chicken scratch or wild bird seed mix in a bowl. Take a picture of the contents. Let the chickens access it. They'll usually crowd right in and start pecking. Observe carefully. Do hens prefer certain seeds over others? If yes, which ones? Do they shun some seeds? What does this mean? Can chickens distinguish one type of seed from another? How do they do this?
These are basic and simple experiments that can be done with very young children. They sharpen observation skill, spark curiosity, and introduce kids to the scientific method used by researchers in dozens of areas to advance human knowledge.
A fulfilling career just might be hatched in the backyard coop.


Associations to the word «Mao»
MAO, noun. The ma'oma'o, Gymnomyza samoensis, a large passerine bird native to Samoa.
MAO, proper noun. A common surname, from Mandarin, usually referring to Mao Zedong.
MAO JACKET, noun. Mao suit
MAO SUIT, noun. A type of jacket popularized in China in the 20th century, with two breast pockets and two waist pockets.
Dictionary definition
MAO, noun. An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin).
MAO, noun. Chinese communist leader (_PHONE_).
Wise words


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A class that wraps a PointF representing a Polygon. The class members include:
- RectangleF Bounds
- float MinimumX
- float MaximumX
- float Minimum Y
- float Maximum Y
- int NumberOfPoints
- bool IsInBounds(PointF pt)
- bool Contains(PointF pt)
- PointF CenterPointOfBounds
- PointF CenterPoint // Not yet implemented
- decimal Area
IsInBounds returns true if the PointF is within the Rectangular Bounds of the Polygon. Contains returns true if the PointF is actually within the Polygon's borders.
The class includes both the PolygonF and Polygon classes. Polygon is identical to PolygonF except that it works with an array of Point objects and return ints instead of floats.
First introduced on the blog under Testing to see if a Point is within a Polygon.


Why Does My Baby Always Sound Congested? Is It A Cause For Alarm?
My nursing training a few years ago made me realize how babies can turn women into anxiety-laden mothers. A nursery is a busy place not just for crying newborns, but also for nervous moms with dozens of questions. Some moms barely even sleep, just to listen to their baby breathing. We would have parents bring their kids to us nurses asking why their baby sounds congested. Of course, it is kind of worrisome. But the good news is, most of the time, it is pretty normal.
For the first couple of months, newborn infants may exhibit noisy and irregular breathing patterns. It is because they are breathing solely through their nose. Every time they inhale or exhale, they may develop grunting or whistling sounds. Nasal congestion also happens when something is blocking their nose. Congestion and breathing problems are normal in babies unless he seems to be struggling with much difficulty. Some babies may even experience a slight pause in breathing called apnea. As they grow older, their body process also matures, and they will eventually outgrow these anxiety-inducing habits.
Common reasons for baby's congested breathing sound
A mom putting her finger by her baby's nose to check for congestion.
Every little breath that the baby takes and every little gesture means so much to the doting parents. So, when something seems off, it is enough to give them a mini heart attack. It doesn't matter if they are first-time parents or seasoned ones. There are still times in their lives when their babies will have them scratching at their wits ends.
I am a nurse by profession myself. But honestly, I have not developed the immunity to anxiety in child care, especially with my newborn nephews and nieces. Not everything that babies do is written in the books. Indeed, motherhood is knowledge gained mostly through practical experience. We can only tell you what the best thing to do is. But most of the time, moms know much better.
If you notice that your newborn seems congested, don't freak out just yet. Here are some possible reasons why he does.
Newborn periodic breathing
According to Healthline, babies breathe through their noses exclusively until they are about four months old. That's because they have not yet developed the reflex to breathe through their mouth. They may even have trouble with feeding in their early lives with their immature suck and swallow reflex.
Their breathing pattern, which may sometimes sound congested, is perfectly normal. It is also a common situation with premature babies. But it is a good indication that your baby is healthy and developing well. Eventually, he will outgrow this stage. In some cases, babies may experience a pause in breathing or sleep apnea. Head over to this post if you noticed this behavior in your newborn infant.
Nasal congestion
A newborn baby who is exhibiting nasal congestion.
Since the baby breathes entirely through their nose, minute air particles will likely pool up inside it. When fluid from spit-up accumulates in his airways, he may also develop congestion. Often, it is the baby's body reflex to clear out the obstruction through sneezing.
Sneezing should not also cause concern for parents. It is another indication that your little one's body is working in full gear to eliminate gunk inside his airways. But if your baby is sneezing more frequently than usual, he could be having an allergic reaction. Sometimes it is an allergy due to pet dander or even to his formula milk.
Gastroesophageal reflux is a condition where the baby's stomach contents backflows into his mouth. It can occur from two months old and may resolve on its own after 18 months of age. It happens because your baby's stomach is too small to hold too much food at a time. Aside from spit-ups, wheezing and gurgling sound during sleep is also common.
Reflux is also not a cause of concern unless your infant develops a slow weight gain. When it extends beyond his 18-month age, you may need to visit a doctor. There is a possibility that he has a digestive blockage or GERD. Otherwise, the spit-ups and congestion should not cause you any problems.
You can alleviate the symptoms of reflux through simple steps in this guide.
Your baby has a cold
Mom helping her baby blow his nose, who has a cold.
Babies are prone to colds and sniffles that they can catch any time of the year. But when they do, other symptoms like fever or runny nose are also present. Nasal congestion is the first sign that your baby will manifest if he is running a cold.
Colds are rare in newborns, though. It is because of the immunity that they have acquired from their moms. When that immunity withers off by 6 months, colds can get more frequent. But, if your baby is under three months old and shows colds symptoms, it is best to consult a doctor. You want to be sure he is treated earlier to prevent any serious complications.
A baby who might have Bronchomalacia is sitting on her moms lap, getting checked by the doctor.
Some babies are born with weak cartilage in their airways that affects their exhalation. It is difficult to diagnose bronchomalacia as this is often mistaken as other respiratory illnesses like pneumonia. If your doctor suspects it, he may order some tests like an x-ray or bronchoscopy. Babies with this condition may sound congested and exhibit a wheezing, high-pitched sound. Laying him down will make the sound more noticeable. Scary, right?
But mild bronchomalacia is also common and may resolve on its own after a couple of months. As he grows older, the cartilage also matures and strengthens up. Only when the case is severe that it will warrant surgical intervention. But your child may endure bronchomalacia normally until 24 months of age.
How to help your baby with congestion
Mom and dad comforting their baby girl who has congestion
Nasal congestion in babies is noticeable since they are breathing solely through their noses. Most often, the causes are normal and will resolve as your baby grows older. But I know how every labored breath that your newborn makes is also a pain in your chest. I know how you so badly want to help your little one ease through it.
Here are some ways that can help you manage your baby's congestions.
 - Keep your nursery dander and dust-free.
 - Run a cool-mist humidifier.
 - Use a nasal aspirator or bulb syringe if your baby sounds congested, but not sneezing.
 - Position and burp him properly to alleviate reflux.
 - Use saline spray if your baby has colds (ask your doctor's recommendation first).
 - Give your baby a warm bath and face massage.
 - Change your baby's formula milk.
Here is another thing whether your baby sounds congested or not: Never smoke or let anyone smoke in a room with your child. Aside from inhaling toxic chemicals, babies exposed to secondhand smoke are at higher risk of SIDS. It pays to keep your baby healthy by starting with good home air quality.
Warning signs
Doctor checking a baby for warning signs of infant congestion.
When should you take the baby's congested sound to be something more serious? Call your doctor if you notice these symptoms in your child:
 - The baby is struggling to breathe and with flaring nostrils
 - He is turning blue to the skin, lips, and toes
 - He is grunting after every breath
 - The baby is excessively sleepy
 - When the baby is feeding poorly and has a slow weight gain
 - Newborn babies under three months of age having cold symptoms (fever, runny nose, lethargy)
How do I clean my baby's nostrils?
You can use a rubber bulb syringe to suction inside your baby's nose. Nasal aspirators are also popular and easier to use. But do not use these devices more than two times a day.
Do coughs and sneezes mean my baby is sick?
Sneezes and coughs are mostly just immature reflexes that will decrease in frequency over time. A decrease in appetite, fever, fussiness, or lethargy are the obvious signs of sickness in children.
Can I use vapor rub to alleviate my baby's stuffy nose during colds?
There are limited researches to prove the efficacy of vapor rubs in treating congestion in infants. But brands like Vicks state in their labels that their product is not for children under two years of age.
How will I know if my formula milk is causing an allergy?
If your baby has milk allergies, he will mostly experience diarrhea, vomiting, hives, or watery eyes. Wheezing, coughing, and congestion are also common. Check with your doctor if your baby is experiencing this and switch to other types. Learn how to pick the best baby formula to prevent these instances from happening.
If babies sleep noisily, moms would worry. If they sleep quietly, moms would also worry. But I tell you what, you are not alone with your anxious thoughts. Many new mothers are reaching their arms to reach their baby's tummy from time to time. Some may even sleep through it this way. Nothing is more relieving than the rising and falling rhythm of your baby's chest to remind you everything is alright.
Congested and noisy breathing habits are fairly common among babies. It can be genetic or environmental factors. But most of the signs will clear away as they grow older. If you have any questions about your baby's normal bre


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Check to see if a file or directory can be accessed (extended version)
_TAG_ _TAG_ int eaccess( const char * path, int amode );
- The path to the file or directory that you want to access.
- The access mode you want to check.
This must be either:
- F_OK — test for file existence.
or a bitwise ORing of the following access permissions to be checked, as defined in the header :
- R_OK — test for read permission.
- W_OK — test for write permission.
- X_OK — for a directory, test for search permission. Otherwise, test for execute permission.
Use the -l c option to qcc to link against this library. This library is usually included automatically.
The eaccess() function is an extended version of access(). It checks if the file or directory specified by path exists and if it can be accessed with the file access permissions given by amode. However, unlike access(), it uses the effective user ID and effective group ID.
- The file or directory exists and can be accessed with the specified mode.
- An error occurred (errno is set.)
- The permissions specified by amode are denied, or search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix.
- An invalid value was specified for amode.
- Too many levels of symbolic links or prefixes.
- The length of the path string exceeds PATH_MAX, or a pathname component is longer than NAME_MAX.
- A component of the path isn't valid.
- The eaccess() function isn't implemented for the filesystem specified in path.
- A component of the path prefix isn't a directory.
- Write access was requested for a file residing on a read-only file system.
Last modified: 2014-06-24