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"Nikki's and Alice's X" vs. "Nikki and Alice's X"
(writers' and teachers' wages) or (writers and teachers' wages)
writers and teachers are both plural
When you have multiple nouns, and all those nouns own the same thing, do you put the apostrophe showing possesion in all the nouns or just the last noun?
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marked as duplicate by coleopterist, MετάEd, jwpat7, Cameron, Jasper Loy Oct 16 '12 at 6:31
This question can be improved by citing reference works you have already consulted to try to answer your own question before asking here. Let us know why you feel the results were inadequate. – MετάEd Oct 16 '12 at 3:28
2 Answers 2
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According to The Grammar Bible by Michael Strumpf (page 29), in a section on "Possessive Case":
Sometimes possession is shared by several nouns. In these cases, just make the last word in the series possessive.
 - America and Canada's timber resources are dwindling
 - Thomas and French's discovery shocked the world.
 - Leslie and Eric's lasagna is to die for.
These sentences all contain nouns that show joint ownership. In the first sentence, the resources belong to America and Canada. In the second sentence, the discovery belongs to both Thomas and French. In the third sentence, the lasagna belongs to both Eric and Leslie.
To show individual ownership, apply the possessive sign to each item in the series.
 - America's and Canada's timber resources are dwindling
 - Thomas's and French's discoveries shocked the world. [Note: I personally would have used Thomas' instead of Thomas's.]
 - Leslie's and Eric's lasagnas are to die for.
In these examples, each noun has individual ownership of resources, of a discovery, or of a lasagna. These things are not shared.
In your example, if you followed the above advice, you would write either: The writers and teachers' wages were stagnant. Or The writers' and teachers' wages were stagnant. It depends on if you consider the ownership of wages joint or individual. I would actually recommend rewording this anyway: The wages of the writers and teachers were stagnant.
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+1 As it is according to common sense as well. – Kris Oct 16 '12 at 5:10
I would definitely include the apostrophes on both, to avoid ambiguity. "Writers and teachers' wages have gone up" could be misinterpreted to mean writers themselves have somehow gone up. Most people would probably be able to intuit your meaning, but it might require a quick second reading (which you never want as a writer).
It follows the same sort of rule as suspended hyphens, as in "He had great shortand long-term memory." The first word should carry some punctuation to show its relationship to what follows.
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text:
- In 1900, 42 percent of the U.S. population lived on farms; by 1990 that number had dwindled to less than 2 percent.
There is no sentimentality in Robert Switzer's modestly titled new book, "A Family Farm: Life on an Illinois Dairy Farm." Switzer, an emeritus professor of biochemistry at the University of Illinois, begins with a quote (from Victor Davis Hanson's own book on farming) that "the American yeoman farmer is doomed," and describes the internal and external forces that led to the decline and demise of his family's farm in northwest Illinois.
The story of the Allison-Switzer farm (named for Switzer's maternal grandparents, who bought the 121-acre property in 1916, and his father and mother, who took it over after her parents retired in 1946) is just one of millions of such stories, Switzer writes.
"In 1900, 42 percent of the U.S. population lived on farms; by 1990 that number had dwindled to less than 2 percent," he says in the book's prologue. This transition occurred largely as a result of economic and technological changes made possible by the aggressively optimistic borrowing, investing and expansion that some farmers were willing to embrace in the latter half of the 20th century. Many other farmers, who had stared down economic catastrophe in the 1920s and '30s, were unwilling to take on new big risks, and their farms generally gave way to the forces favoring consolidation and the mass-production of agricultural commodities. (Watch an audio slide show about the book.)
Switzer's book is not a treatise on the evolution of American farming, however.
"The characters in this story are not statistical stick figures illustrating the decline of a Midwestern family farm," he writes. "They are my family. The details of their lives provide an intimate portrait of a once common way of life, now almost entirely vanished from the American countryside."
This portrait includes details normally left out of family memoirs: his maternal grandmother's hostility to her daughter's intellectual and educational aspirations; his grandfather's recurrent narcolepsy, a lifelong handicap brought on by severe heatstroke suffered while working in the fields as a teenager; Switzer's mother's depression and unhappiness with farm life; and his father's inability to recruit his sons to the profession.
The book also offers an account of the changes that occurred over the 76 years the family owned the farm, from the early days of kerosene lamps, hand milking and horse-drawn plows, to the gradual – though never fully realized – modernization of equipment and farming techniques.
Switzer begins with the gritty details of his grandparents' daily life. Charlie and Mabel Allison milked their cows twice daily in a drafty barn. They lived in an oversized and poorly insulated farmhouse with no modern conveniences. They grew corn, hay, oats and barley to feed their livestock and themselves. Charlie carted fresh milk to a nearby cheese factory every morning. Mabel kept a vegetable garden and orchard, and canned produce for the winter. The couple raised chickens and sold their eggs.
By the time a young Robert Switzer was old enough to know them, Charlie and Mabel "seemed rather old and exhausted to me, worn out by years of hard work and living under harsh conditions."
In 1946, the Allisons retired and Switzer's parents (Stephen and Elva Switzer) took over the farm, much to his mother's dismay. Before she married, she had had a promising start on a career in science, going to college with the help of a wealthy aunt. She had been offered a partial scholarship for graduate study at Cornell University. But her parents opposed the idea and Elva would not ask her aunt for more support.
Stephen Switzer, a World War II veteran with few prospects other than farming, benefited from an "On-Farm Training" program, part of the GI Bill. Like many other farmers of his day, he learned to test the soil; to use commercial fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides and hybrid seed; to plow in contours across slopes to reduce erosion; to use artificial insemination to breed better milk cows; and to test the butterfat content of the milk his cows produced. He also began to buy more modern farm equipment.
These programs increased farm efficiency across the U.S., and production soon outpaced demand. As a result, average prices for agricultural products plummeted in the early 1950s. Still, the Switzer farm, fueled in part by the labor of two young boys, held on.
The elder Switzer drafted his sons into work without evoking a positive vision of their future on the farm, however, and the small farm offered little opportunity for them when they grew up. It was "little wonder that both of us left home as soon as we finished high school," Switzer writes.
Inspired by his mother's love of science and school, Switzer gravitated toward a life as a professor. School offered an escape from farm work, and the study of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Illinois thrilled and fascinated him. His brother Steve moved on to a successful career at a builder's supply company.
This was the beginning of the end of the Switzer family farm. The younger Switzers' dislike of farm life, and Stephen and Elva Switzer's unwillingness to go into more debt to hire help, expand or improve the operation in significant ways spelled its eventual end as a stand-alone farm.
Elva Switzer died in 1977, and Stephen lived on in his "senescing farm" for another 14 years. After his death, the family farm shared the fate of millions of others in the late 20th century. The contents of its house, barn and other outbuildings were sold at auction, and the land went to a neighboring farmer who wanted to expand his holdings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This graph displays Child-Parent information for class id 3X6 Model number M3x6.10652
The central, doubly circled model is the child model. The remaining models are its 'parent' models. The child model can be derived from parent models by the addition of one or more reactions. Arrows point from the child model to parent models. Parent models are either open ovals, to indicate non-bistable configurations, or filled ovals, which are bistable. The link from the child model leads to additional information about the model. The links from the parent models traverse the graph.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
the classic British curry
Did the British invent curry? No. Is there such a thing as a British curry? Yes.
When I say "British curry" I don't mean something like Chicken Tikka Masala which is a restaurant invention created by British Asian restaurateurs to satisfy the British taste for curries. What I'm talking about goes way further back than the 1970's when Chicken Tikka Masala was first concocted. I am talking about the sort of curry which was served by British memsahibs in colonial India in the 19th century and which subsequently became as British as roast beef.
So let's look at the dish that fuelled an empire.
Firstly let me explain why I am describing the curry as British rather than just English. The British Empire was exactly that, British. The Scots in particular played an important part in shaping the empire and many Scots saw service in India. It was the British as a whole who adopted the curry as their own not just the English.
When the British first established trading posts in India in the mid 17th century they were simply trading partners. The food eaten by the employees of the East India Company would have been largely the same as the food eaten by the local Indian population. And there appears to have been plenty of choice; one East India Company employee wrote in 1759 "The currees are infinitely various". By the time the British had become the colonial rulers of India in the mid 1800's there had been a huge influx of British nationals into India to administer British affairs. The British colonials were by now eating predominantly British-style food although they found that they had to adapt to local conditions and use local produce. Numerous books were written to help newly arrived young British wives advising them how and what to cook and how to manage a household in India.
My favourite author of the time was a cavalry officer named Colonel Arthur Kenney-Herbert who, on his eventual return to England, became a "celebrity chef" of his day. While he was in India he wrote a best selling cookery book under the pseudonym Wyvern entitled Culinary Jottings For Madras first published in 1878. In his introduction Wyvern explains "Our dinners of to-day would indeed astonish our Anglo-Indian forefathers". He continues "Quality has superseded quantity, and the molten curries and florid oriental compositions of the olden time - so fearfully and wonderfully made - have been gradually banished from our dinner tables."
Wyvern's book is mainly concerned with how to cook British and European dishes under Indian conditions but, even so, there is an enlightening chapter entitled Our Curries. He did not write this chapter to describe local Indian dishes nor to give recipes for those "molten curries" of earlier generations of British colonials who had "gone native" in their eating habits. No, he is writing about the Anglicised curries of the Raj and they are ours. They are British curries. The Indian staff of British households may have cooked them but I don't expect they eat them any more than the Bangladeshi staff at your local curry house eat the Chicken Tikka Masala off the menu. Wyvern's curries from Madras are made with a home-made curry powder, onions and garlic cooked in butter, a sweet-sour agent (his favourite was redcurrant jelly), coconut milk and meat stock. He uses additional aromatic spices like cloves, cinnamon and cardamoms and flavourings like fresh ginger and herbs to give each curry an individual flavour. Wyvern considers his curries to be on a par with the best British and French food. But he was an old India hand and laments the trend where "curries now-a-days are only licensed to be eaten at breakfast, at luncheon, and perhaps at the little home dinner". By the time Wyvern was writing a memsahib wouldn't dream of serving curry at a dinner party.
Curry recipes were commonly taken home by returning colonials but in Britain the fresh ingredients were either hard to find or were too expensive for ordinary households in Britain. Eliza Acton wrote in 1845 "The great superiority of the oriental curries over those generally prepared in England is not, we believe, altogether the result of a want of skill or experience on the part of our cooks, but is attributable in some measure to many of the ingredients, which in a fresh and green state add so much to their excellence, being here beyond our reach". The lack of fresh curry ingredients fuelled a huge demand for curry powder and a lucrative export industry built up centred around Madras (now Chennai). Mrs Beeton includes the recipes for a dozen curries in her famous Book of Household Management of 1861 and the sauces are all made with curry powder, thickened with flour and can include some chopped apple for a sweet-sour flavour. Her main ingredient is often re-heated meat or fish left over from other meals. Even though Mrs Beeton's curries would all taste much the same they were economical to make and became extremely popular in Britain as away of using up meat from the traditional Sunday roast dinner. This type of recipe became the Classic British Curry for the next 100 years.
The decline in popularity of the traditional roast dinner and the relative affluence of a society that doesn't need to make the most of leftovers has meant that the Classic British Curry has steadily fallen out of favour since the early 1970's. So does that mean that the British love affair with curry has ended? Not a bit of it. We eat more curries than ever before. It's just their style that has changed. Curries are now made in the style of the Indian restaurants which spread throughout Britain in the 1970's and 80's. In any British supermarket you can buy a great variety of ready made curries or jars of curry sauce to add to the fresh meat or vegetables of your choice. Curiously, Chicken Madras is still one of the best selling curries but it's gone back to being more like Wyvern's version rather than Mrs Beeton's.
recipe for Classic British Curry
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Monday, 3 November 2014
DIY Mini Whiteboards
There are little things that go a long way towards leaving behind a space that encourages a lot of hands-on play. I love taking inspiration from Montessori in leaving behind thoughtful touches that help independent learning while I'm at the office.
One of those little indispensable things in the playroom are hand-held DIY whiteboards repurposed from old picture frames:
A Montessori classroom is unbelievably organised despite there being zero labels on its many shelves. Two secrets: children are taught each material's unique use, and where it belongs on the shelf.
Take this example of Ladybug Girl giving us a tour of her classroom:
These trays hold very specific paper "templates" that students use for various work in writing and math.
Unfortunately those tricks aren't something a working mom can bring home and oversee, so these DIY mini whiteboards I have at home are the next best thing...
As leave-behind instructions for activities on the playroom shelf.
I've got an early reader for a daughter, so I use these as her reading/cursive practice.
For toddlers, keep it simple or just a reminder for yaya's instructions.
As a handy answer board when we sneak in some math during play.
As an earth-friendly alternative for scratch paper during random story telling.
I used to do a lot of this:
What happened to my lola when she got stung by a bee
Now I just grab the 'whiteboard' for my visual aids:
When mommy only got 20% of the water because I was last in line to shower with my cousins.
Who is an odd or even number through mommy's family of five sisters.
From red frames holding baby artwork, to handy whiteboards today.
Hand me a tissue, please.
post signature
 1. She's learning percent already! Oh wow! You go Momma! Awesome as usual!
 1. No we're not! I just snuck that in because of the perfect story hahaha.
Feel free to comment, with good intent!


text:
With the rapid acceleration of digital technologies, many sectors within the electronics and semiconductors value chain face an increasing demand on performance and efficiency. The presence of cleanroom facility is common in the industry and in this highly unique environment, the tiniest amounts of contamination in the production process can cause major faults and losses, hence the demand for cleanroom-suitable materials are constantly rising.
Selecting the right lubricants is important to reduce airborne molecular contamination in the manufacturing process that will affect equipment accuracy, efficiency and lifespan. High-performance lubricants help to prolong manufacturing equipment components' service intervals, where electronics and semiconductors are fabricated. This help improve yields while extending equipment lifespan.


Create a bcrypt hash on commandline
Its easy to create a bcrypt hash on commandline with this command:
Just replace the Placeholder USER and PASSWORD with the corresponding values.
The Result should be something like that:
The part before ":" is the username. The rest is the bcrypt password hash. The -C parameter specifies the computing time for the bcrypt algorithm. The higher the value the better is the security but also the runtime.
More information about "Create bcrypt hash "
To get an explanation about all parameters and further information, just type htpasswd -h into the shell and hit enter.
One thought on "Create a bcrypt hash on commandline
 1. Immer wieder nett bei der Suche auf deinem Blog zu landen. 😉 Viele Grüße!
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Measuring the Immeasurable: Brand Awareness
The musical Rent asks a difficult question: How do you measure a year? In daylight, in sunsets, in midnights, in cups of coffee? Measuring brand awareness is equally as difficult as measuring a year.
Our company is constantly interacting with people through our online, print & video content. We know how to engage to niche and large audiences across the state, and it all starts with brand awareness.
Below, we'll look at why brand awareness matters, the flaws in popular measurement methods, and how to measure the immeasurable.
Read more


text:
|BE: Establishing the Production Preparation System
Honda debuted its new CVCC engine in February 1971, using an innovative low emissions technology as a springboard into the global spotlight. In those days, growing public concern with regard to safety and air pollution had forced automobile manufacturers to look beyond high performance and quality. To survive, it would be essential to provide a diverse line of cars designed to meet the needs of individual consumers.
Amid all this, Sayama Factory implemented an organizational change in September of the same year. The factorys Second Plant (the former Third Plant renamed after the Honda Manufacturing Machinery spin-off) transferred to the First Plant its mass-production functions for plastics work such as stamping, molding and casting. It then integrated its pre-production functionsprimarily molding, design, and die productionwith PG (which had successfully completed the Life launch) and restarted it as the Body Engineering Plant, or BE (Body Engineering).
BEs numerous responsibilities included the development of original technologies regarding body-contour reproduction, along with the design and production of dies. Moreover, BE was to collaborate with engineering groups specializing in body production as well as with Honda Manufacturing Machinery, which was responsible for the design and production of welding machines and fixtures (jigs with welding functions). Thus, it was believed that all Honda factories would receive assistance with body production. Therefore, in order to enhance Honda's production structure in all areas of body production, and increase the company's competitiveness, BE took an active role in engineering development. The group even established a system whereby Honda factories could prepare for the production launch of a new model concurrently with product development at Honda R&D. lt was a very close relationship with the factories that established BE as a critical force in production quality.
The system of production preparation established by BE targeted the following requirements:
A shorter lead-time from pre-production through production
Assurance of both productivity and product performance
Fewer initial problems at the start of mass production
Minimized startup costs and losses
Lower per-model investment in production facilities
These rather lofty goals meant that BE would have to work with Honda R&D,and that anticipated engineering problems would have to be settled prior to mass production. The creation of prototypes was one such method.Furthermore, BE collaborated with Honda's production departments in resolving issues arising from inappropriate production structures. The group proposed new systems of production, supplied dies, welding jigs, and machine equipment, and verified in detail whether or not the target requirements were being met.
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text:
Alphabet Soup, A-B-C Game, Pre-School Game.
In this game the actors must start each sentence of dialogue with a new letter from the alphabet. For example the first sentence must start with A, and the second sentence must start with B and so on…
The actors must build a scene within 26 starts. Most places allow for the more than one sentence to follow the first sentence. When this is done it is important that actors really punch the word that starts with the letter. Activity is important as it allows the scene to progress independent of words. This game ceases to be a challenge rapidly.
Automatopeia (sound effects instead of words) Dingle-dingle for D.
Starting at Z and ending at A. Starting and ending at some random letter from the audience. Using a box of alphabet cookies to randomly pull letters up and start sentences with those (eating the cookies is optional).


Installing your Raspberry Pi for your SmartSigns digital signage solution can be done in a few minutes. Gather your equipment and then follow the instructions below.
To setup your SmartSign, you will need the following equipment, which may be different depending on the kind of Raspberry Pi unit you have. Generally, you will need the following items:
 - Monitor/TV: to display your media
 - Raspberry Pi and power cord
 - Formatted MicroSD Card: MyVRSpot will ship you your first formatted MicroSD card. Here are instructions on how to format any additional cards
 - Internet connection: this might be an ethernet cord or a WiFi adapter
 - HDMI cable: this will connect your Pi to your monitor
Pi Installation
Follow these steps to connect your Pi to your monitor so it will display your videos, images and live streams:
Step 1: Insert your formatted MicroSD Card into the Pi unit.
Step 2: Using your HDMI cable, connect your Raspberry Pi to your TV or monitor.
Step 3: Connect your Pi unit to an internet connection.
Step 3: Turn on your TV/monitor and then plug the power cord into your Pi unit.
Step 4: The OS will start up in about 1 minute, and you should see this default image (below) on your screen.
Step 5: Now that you have your Pi connected, provide user access, start adding images, videos and connecting your Live Broadcasting channels to your SmartSign!
Internet Connection Error
IF you get some error message that looks like this (see below), then the Pi does NOT have internet connection. (Api link Not Functional Error)


text:
Illustration by Nancy Klaud
A Case Study
Savanna blazing star is adapted to more shade and disturbance than other blazing stars as a result of its preference for the open, fire-prone oak woodlands it inhabits.
Life History: Perennial
Illinois Status: Rare (not listed)
Populations monitored: 14
Subpopulations monitored: 29
Counties monitored: 3
Savanna blazing star is native to the eastern and midwestern United States. Ranging in height from 2 to 5 feet, the stem has densely arranged alternate, oblong leaves, and is topped with a magenta, spike-like inflorescence. Each inflorescence has 10 to 40 large flowering heads that bloom from the top downward1,2.
Habitat And Range
Savanna blazing star is found from New York southwest to Arkansas, and north into Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Savanna blazing star is more shade tolerant than other blazing stars, growing in oak savannas, rocky glades, and pine savannas1. In northeastern Illinois, this species is found in remnant savannas on well-drained morainic ridges2,3.
Savanna blazing star blooms from late summer through mid-fall, and is pollinated by numerous butterflies, skippers, and moths. This perennial has a corm-like root that is eaten by rodents and insects1,4. An inhabitant of the now rare tallgrass savanna, it has been shown to compete poorly with big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), a prairie grass that can form dense rhizomatous colonies. Instead, this species prefers associating with less competitive grasses and bur and white oaks, and benefits from regular disturbance, specifically fire3,4,5.
Midwestern oak savannas experienced a devastating loss of range after European settlement6. Only 0.02% of the original 11 to 13 million hectares were estimated to remain in 19857, and it seems evident that savanna blazing star populations were impacted by this loss of habitat3. Although a number of populations are now protected, loss of habitat through lack of management continues to be a threat. Without management that provides regular disturbance, especially fire, competition with other species can exclude savanna blazing star3,4,5.
After years of taxonomic uncertainty, savanna blazing star was recognized as a distinct variety in Illinois in 19883. The following year it was added to the Illinois threatened species list. In 2015 it was removed from Illinois's list of endangered and threatened species because it was considered by the Illinois Endangered Species Protection Board to have experienced sufficient recovery or to be more common than previously thought8,9.
Monitoring & Research
Since 2003, POC has monitored this species at 13 sites across three Illinois counties, and at one site in northwest Indiana. These efforts resulted in monitoring of more and larger populations than were previously known. An analysis of management effects and spatial trends was undertaken in 201410. We found that in Cook County alone, 68 percent of the savanna blazing star's preferred soil type had been developed, but the majority POC-monitored populations were growing over time. This growth seemed related to restoration activities. Growing populations had less brush encroachment than declining populations. And while no strong correlation was found between the frequency of prescribed burning and population growth, populations in decline had not been burned, while all but one growing population had been burned.
Future analysis using POC's spatial data can identify potentially suitable locations, where soil conditions and land cover could have supported populations historically, or where restoration of this species may be appropriate.
Data collected by Plants of Concern is increasing what we know about how management affects populations, which in turn can help managers more efficiently protect and restore this species. Encouragingly, POC-monitored populations seem to be growing and benefitting from restoration activities, and this trend is reflected in removal of the species from Illinois' list of threatened and endangered species.
However, these populations are part of the significantly diminished and fragmented oak savanna ecosystem and so suffer from fragmentation themselves. Monitoring by POC can help to detect changes in population trends, and our collaborations with landowners and state agencies will continue ensuring that this data gets to those who need it most.


What will be printed as a result of the execution of the following program?
_TAG_
using namespace std;
struct A {
 A() { cout << "A"; }
 ~A() { cout << "~A"; }
 A(const A&) { cout << "=A"; }
int main()
 A a;
 throw a;
 catch(A &e)
 return 0;
The throw a; line will call the copy constructor to create a temporary copy of the a object, which will then be passed to the exception handler by reference. The a object created on the stack in the try block will be destroyed when exiting this block, so its destructor will be called. When exiting the catch block, the temporary copy of the object a will be destroyed, because it will no longer be referenced. That's why the ~A() destructor will be called at this moment.
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Mini Eggs
Mini eggs are about quarter of the size of a normal egg. They usually don't have a yolk inside, just the 'white' or albumen as it is technically called.
Mini Egg in an egg boxA mini egg is caused when a small foreign object enters the oviduct and triggers the normal formation of an egg, so just the same as a yolk, it gets wrapped in albumen and then popped inside an egg shell.
Normally only one mini egg is laid and then normal laying continues and it is nothing to worry about.
Mini Egg Photo Courtesy of Melanie Catley


The White Knight launch aircraft carries the spaceship (followed by Bob Scherer's Starship chase aircraft).
Photo courtesy Scaled Composites, LLC
White Knight
As we learned from Matthew, SpaceShipOne can't make a journey to the stars alone. It requires the help of a carrier ship called the White Knight. One of the greatest expenses and dangers in space travel comes from launching spacecraft from the ground. Just the cost of the fuel needed for a ground launch is extraordinary. In order to streamline the process, SpaceShipOne launches from the belly of White Knight at an altitude of around 50,000 ft.
The White Knight, which made its debut in April 2003, is a high-altitude, twin turbojet research plane. Its primary job is to serve as an aerial platform to launch SpaceShipOne into space.
White Knight takes off like a plane from a normal airstrip, with SpaceShipOne attached to its belly. The two ships fly together under White Knight's power to a predetermined altitude. Then White Knight releases SpaceShipOne and drifts away. Once clear of White Knight, SpaceShipOne begins its journey to sub-orbital space.
In the interest of efficiency, White Knight also serves a second, very important function. The White Knight is designed with the exact same cockpit, avionics, electronic control system, pneumatics, trim servos, data system, and electrical system as SpaceShipOne. That makes White Knight perfect for training pilots to fly SpaceShipOne.
To add additional realism to SpaceShipOne pilot training, the White Knight was designed with a high thrust-to-weight ratio and powerful speed brakes. These features help to simulate space flight maneuvers.
As an airplane, White Knight is a remarkable craft all on its own. According to Scaled Composites, White Knight's unique design also makes it well suited for "reconnaissance, surveillance, atmospheric research, data relay, telecommunications, imaging and booster launch for micro-satellites."
In the next section, we'll take a look at the SpaceShipOne craft.


+_PHONE_ 4394
I. C. Little's Alphabet Adventure - Beautiful Phillips
I. C. Little's Alphabet Adventure
I have a vision to create a collection of books for and about handicap-able children. I am the author and creator of I. C. Little, a charming little bear who finds his way around in life.
In this first book, I. C. Little travels through this delightful alphabet journey and enjoys many life experiences. Books featuring disabled characters are important in terms of ensuring that disabled children feel included and accepted. However, it's also important that we convey positive messages to able-bodied peers to understand and help all children learn acceptance and respect. My book collection of I. C. Little and friends teaches children the diverse world of special-needs children. I. C. Little isn't handicapped; he's handicap-able! This loving little bear doesn't point out what people with disabilities can't do but what they can do.
ISBN: 9781490735313
ISBN-10: _PHONE_
Format: PDF
Language: English
Published: 2nd June 2014
Edition Number: 1


text:
- Mercy Nurse
- Symptom Navigator
- Levitt Medical Library
- Health Information
- Body Guide
- Multimedia Encyclopedia
- In-Depth Health Reports
- Complementary & Alternative Medicine
- Drug Information Center
- Drug Interactions
- Wellness Tools
- Today's Medical News
- Pregnancy Health Center
- Recursos EspaÃ±oles De la Salud
- Enciclopedia Multimedia
- Centro de Information sobre el Embarazo
The term "epithelium" refers to layers of cells that line hollow organs and glands. It also is those that make up the outer surface of the body.
Epithelial cells help to protect or enclose organs. Most produce mucus or other secretions.
Certain types of epithelial cells have tiny hairs called cilia, which help remove foreign substances.
Epithelial cells are arranged in single or multiple layers, depending on the organ and location.
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.


A cross-platform functional programming language
Zen Programming Language
As a C++ coder, I often found myself writing repetitive (but necessary) code, and wondered if I could write a code generator for the boilerplate code, leaving me to write just the functionality. This grew into a larger effort, the result of which is Zen, a full fledged functional programming language that generates cross-platform C++ code and creates project files to debug and build the generated code.
Among other things, it has:
Please refer to the documentation below to install and get started with using Zen!
 All Classes Namespaces Files Functions Variables Typedefs Enumerations Enumerator Defines


text:
Although Paypal and the bank are similar in some aspects, they are two different entities that operate under different authorities. And each entity is not allowed to impose any limitations on other territories. In that sense, PayPal does not have any direct control over your bank account but can put restrictions on your PayPal account only.
However, when PayPal freezes any particular account, the respective account holder cannot transfer money to their bank account, which means it can indirectly freeze the individual account holder's linked bank account. So you need to be more concerned about PayPal's restrictions on PayPal accounts. Let's explore more about tissue.
PayPal is an online platform through which its users (business and personal) send and receive money. On the other hand, banks also send and receive money, but they are not limited to transaction activity only. Instead, they help people deposit their money, invest, and do many other activities.
So PayPal can be considered a partial online bank but not a bank due to its lower involvement in other banking activities. However, their transaction to be made more clearly requires the involvement of a bank; PayPal is somehow dependent on banks to send their users money to their bank account.
To do so, Users need to link their bank accounts with their PayPal accounts. To complete this process, they must provide PayPal with the necessary details of the bank account, which involve the bank account number, name, or branch location.
Once combining the PayPal account with the bank is done, users can send money from PayPal to their bank or from their bank to PayPal. So overall, the primary relationship between banks and PayPal is to ensure the smooth movement of transactions between two entities.
As stated, PayPal does not have direct control over freezing your bank account. Still, when you are restricted from transferring money from your PayPal account to your bank account, it means Paypal is indirectly freezing your linked bank account. Let's explore the dynamics between the bank account and the PayPal account.
You cannot send or withdraw money if your account is frozen or restricted. As soon as PayPal limits your account, they will let you know the reasons behind the limitation by sending you an email.
There can be many reasons, and, depending on the reasons, they will ask you to complete some steps. By responding to their query, you can remove the limitation. Here are some common reasons:
Sometimes users request PayPal for certain products like debit cards, which require them to obey government rules and regulations; PayPal puts restrictions on your account for a certain period to meet these requirements.
Paypal strictly restricts the sale of banned items such as firearms or prescription drugs. Therefore, selling prohibited items violates their policy, so PayPal may limit your account.
If PayPal detects any fraudulent activity in your account, they may freeze it. These activities include accessing your account without authorization, unauthorized transfers from PayPal to your bank, and someone using your debit and credit cards without your permission.
If you receive a larger amount of money than you usually receive, PayPal may consider the amount illegal. So they may put restrictions on your account and ask you some relevant questions about the source of the money.
If your sales performance reduces, like when more buyers ask for a refund, PayPal may limit your account. Also, if you start selling a more expensive and entirely new product, PayPal may freeze your account.
In many cases, if your sales volume rises above average, PayPal may limit your account.
Last, they may limit your account if it is not used for a long time. You must prove your identity by providing them with the necessary details to restore your account.
Usually, you will get an email. If not, find and go to their "contact us" page. You will have the option to call them at the bottom of the page. In most cases, PayPal needs this basic information from you to restore the account.
- Bank account statement
- Credit card statement that is linked
- Your email address
- Your Telephone Number
Prevention is always better than cure because cure wastes money and time. To prevent future hassle, you can do certain things so account freeze does not happen. Here is what you can do.
- Let PayPal know your big move ahead of time. If you launch a new product, let them know because such a move will likely increase your transaction volume, among other things.
- Let Paypal know your business and tell them not to restrict any significant amount.
- If you have both a debit and credit card, link both to your Paypal account.
- Ensure there is no discrepancy between your PayPal account and bank account names.
- Also, make sure to use the exact address and phone number.
How Long Does Paypal Hold Your Money, and Can You Sue Them?
As per the policy, PayPal can freeze your account for 180 days. However, depending on the severity of the problem, that only occurs occasionally; generally, they resolve the issue within a few days.
On the other hand, if you want to sue them, especially if the amount is more than $10000, you certainly can do that, but there is a chance that the result will come against you.
Also, suing such a big company is not a wise decision if you are not big. Instead, cooperating and solving the issue is a better idea.
Unfortunately, PayPal is not available in many countries. If you live in one of those countries, PayPal does not facilitate transactions for your small business.
No worries if you do not have a PayPal account, or if PayPal is not available in your country, provide a verified PayPal business account. Here is what we offer:
Business and personal Paypal accounts include verified phone numbers, bank, cand, and SSS. You will also get a Paypal email. And login ID verified as a UK resident. To learn more about our services, check out our website here.
Hopefully, the above discussion helped solve the account freezing issue. Still, you might have some questions. Here are some frequently asked questions that you might want to know.
It is a common practice and necessary to link your bank account with your Paypal account. And it is safe, and Paypal is serious about securing bank information. They use technology like end-to-end encryption on every transaction.
Paypal uses technology to secure your account from theft. Some people are concerned about hacked PayPal accounts, which is highly unlikely. Until the hacker has login details,
Paypal account limitations refer to restrictions on any account preventing users from sending and withdrawing money. It can hold money for six months. The main reason for account limitations is to ensure the safety of both buyers and sellers.
If PayPal is unavailable, you can buy a verified account or use PayPal alternatives. Some popular options include Wise, Google Pay, Payoneer, Stripe, Shopify Payments, and many others.
So there you have it. Here is our final advice, no need to be worried if PayPal freezes your account, which is a very common event.
Most importantly, the purpose of freezing an account is not to hold or seize your money; it is a process to protect your account from threats and ensure safety. Also, ensure you know why your account might be restricted because knowing them will help you avoid future restrictions. And to deal with any issue, contact PayPal directly.


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You must know that a hemisphere is a half of a sphere. Below are the formulas to find the curved surface area of a hemisphere (without the base circle area) and the total surface area of a hemisphere (with the base circle area).
Curved Surface Area of Hemisphere:
You must know that the surface area of a sphere is 4πr². A hemisphere is half of a sphere, this must mean that the curved surface area of a hemisphere is 2 divide by the surface area of a sphere. That is; 4πr²/2 which gives the following expression.
Total Surface Area of Hemisphere
If you're to take into consideration the base circle below the curve meaning the total surface area. The surface area would be a combination of the above area and the area of the circle. As simple as that!. The area of the circle is πr². This means the total surface area is 2πr² + πr². If we simplify this gives 3πr² as expressed below.
Remember there is a difference between the curved surface area and the total surface area. The total surface area includes the base circle below the hemisphere and the curve surface area does not, it's just the curve of the hemisphere.


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Understanding the US/Mexico Border through experiential education
Annunciation House has been working in El Paso/Ciudad Juarez since 1978 operating houses of hospitality for migrants and refugees. Annunciation House is a Catholic organization that accompanies the migrant, homeless, and economically vulnerable peoples of the border region through hospitality, advocacy, and education. It has an all volunteer staff who place themselves among these poor so as transform their understanding of what constitutes more just relationships between peoples, countries, and economies.
In the early 1990s Annunciation House developed the Border Awareness Experience (BAE). The objective of the BAE is to facilitate face to face meetings and encounters between participants and people and groups on both sides of the border. It intends to raise consciousness about the issues facing the border such as immigration, economic development, human rights, and social justice. The BAE also educates North Americans about our role and responsibilities in today's globalized world.
The US/Mexico border is a unique are where the 'First World' meets the 'Third World'. It is a region where multiple factors (social, political, economic, cultural, environmental) come into play. It is worth understanding for its own intrinsic value, but perhaps more importantly, we can learn much by seeing the border as a microcosm of today's globalized economy.
The El Paso and Ciudad Juarez metropolitan area is the biggest border community in the world. The combined population of both cities is close to 3 million people. Since 1964 Juarez has experienced enormous population growth due to the influx of maquiladora factories. These factories have provided jobs but also caused various social problems that afflict the city. El Paso and Ciudad Juarez are also one of the main entry points into the US for undocumented workers and drugs.
The BAE is an immersion experience. More than being an informational tour, it seeks to immerse the participants in the border culture and realities of the many people and groups that live and work here. The food that you will eat and the conditions which you will live in are as much a part of the experience as the people and groups that you will meet
What is a typical day on a BAE?
A typical day may include:
- Visiting the US Border Patrol
- Listening to the stories of migrants and refugees
- Touring a maquiladora
- Meeting human rights activists
- Staying in a migrant shelter
- All participants, regardless of faith, backgrounds, and beliefs are welcome.
- Cost is $80 per person per day.
- Pack lightly.
- Accommodation is dormitory style.
- Bedding is provided.
- Three meals a day will be provided. Food is simple but filling.
- US citizens will need a passport or original birth certificate.
- Non-US citizens will need correct documentation or visas.
- Daily reflections/debriefings are an integral part of the BAE.
- Spanish is not required since translation will be provided.
If you would like more information or would like to inquire about participating in a BAE please contact at the address below or through this email form:
815 Myrtle Ave,
El Paso, TX 79901
Phone: _PHONE_


If your Apple TV doesn't turn on
Learn what to do if your Apple TV doesn't turn on, show video or has a flashing status light.
Try these steps
After each step, see if your issue has resolved.
 1. Unplug both ends of the HDMI cable, then firmly plug them back in. Or try using a different HDMI cable to see if the cable causes the issue. Then in the television menu, make sure that you select the HDMI input that matches the HDMI port connected to the Apple TV.
 2. Unplug your television and your Apple TV from power, then plug both back in.
 3. Try to restore your Apple TV.
Still need help?
 - Try a different HDMI port on your television, starting with HDMI 1 or Input 1.
 - If you see the Apple logo and then a black screen, hold Menu and Volume Down for 5 seconds, then release. Your Apple TV will switch to a new resolution every 20 seconds. Select OK to choose a resolution or Cancel to quit.
 - If you're using a receiver or an HDMI switch, one of these might be the issue. Connect your Apple TV directly to the television instead of using the receiver or HDMI switch. If you now see the Apple TV Home screen, connect your receiver or HDMI switch one at a time. After each additional device is connected, check that you still see the Home screen on your television.
If you still can't see a picture on your television, hear sound, or only see the Apple logo, contact Apple Support.
Published Date:


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Saving the life of a poisoning victim is often a matter of minutes. It is best when the emergency doctor can perform a reliable diagnosis on the spot to determine which poison or what type of drug overdose a patient is suffering from. Complicated laboratory analyses and a complex apparatus are out of place in the emergency room. A team at the University of Illinois in Urbana has now laid the foundation for a new generation of rapid diagnostic tests that are as easy to handle as a pregnancy test: just dunk them in the sample and see if a colored band appears. These test strips are as reliable as laboratory methods. As a prototype, the researchers led by Yi Lu developed a test strip for the detection of cocaine in biological samples such as saliva, urine, and blood serum.
"Our method is based on tiny gold spheres and aptamers," reports Lu. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that bind to certain target molecules with the same strength and specificity as antibodies. From a large number of DNA strands with random sequences (a library), it is basically possible to find a suitable aptamer for almost every target molecule. Says Lu: "The broad practical application of aptamers has thus far not realized its promise in practical diagnostics because the corresponding tests could not be made sufficiently user-friendly for the average user, who has not had laboratory training."
The new test strips for cocaine are different. When the end of the strip is dipped into a sample, the liquid travels along the strip to reach a zone with small gold-aptamer clumps. The trick lies in the special structure of these clumps: they are aggregates of nanoscopic gold spheres coupled to short DNA strands, some containing the biomolecule biotin. The DNA sequences are complementary to two regions of the cocaine-specific DNA aptamer. The aptamers bind to these strands, linking the gold spheres into larger aggregates. When the cocaine-containing liquid reaches th
Contact: Yi Lu
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Event Archive >
Computer Forensics
The speaker will discuss Computer Forensics and how data is stored and recovered on computer disks. A short demonstration of EnCase will be presented. During the talk, you will learn about:
 - What is "Computer Forensics?"
 - What does "deleted" mean?
 - How is data stored on a disk?
 - How is deleted data recovered?
 - What software/hardware tools are used?
 - Demo of Guidance Software EnCase (if time permits)
About the Speaker
Greg Ledenbach, is Licensed Private Investigator and Guidance Software EnCase Certified Examiner. He is also a Senior Member of IEEE.


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One important concept in the study of polynomials is the reciprocal transformation. What happens when we take the reciprocal transformation of a function, or one over the function Specifically, there are ways to create the graph of the reciprocal transformation of a function from the graph of the function itself. The reciprocal transformation is important in the definition of rational functions.
I want to take a look at a particular transformation called the "Reciprocal Transformation" given the graph of a function y=f of x what does the graph of y equals 1 over f of x look like? To figure that out I want to start with a simple example. Let's use the graph of y equals 1 minus a half x to graph y equals 1 over 1 minus a half x.
First thing I want to do is graph y equals 1 minus a half x and that's pretty easy alright this is going to be a line with y intercept 1 and slope negative one half. So it's gong to go down 1 over 2 and right away when you have 2 points for a line you can graph the line immediately so let's graph it. So that's our line, now how do we get points for this graph 1 over that? Well you can just take reciprocals right? For example this point has a y coordinate of 1, the reciprocal of 1 is 1 so the reciprocal graph will pass through this point. This point has a y coordinate of a half the reciprocal of that is 2 so the reciprocal graph will pass through this point. Let's pick a nice integer here we're going to have a y coordinate of 2, so the reciprocal will have a y coordinate of a half. Here we have a y coordinate of 3, the reciprocal is one third and you can kind of see what's going to happen, as the graph goes up to infinity the reciprocal goes down to zero. And we get this kind of shape, now what happens past here notice that the y values of my lines are getting close to zero.
Well let's take a table of values, I've got x 1 minus 0.5x and 1 over 1 minus 0.5x. Let's let x get closer and closer to 2 and see what happens as we get close to this point. So we've already done x equals 1, let's do 1.5 now half of 1.5 is 0.75 and 1 minus that if 0.25, the reciprocal of 0.25 is 4 okay so it's going up. If we wanted to we could plot that point, it would be up here 1.9 half of that is 0.95 1 minus 0.95 is 0.05 and the reciprocal of that is 20. You might be able to tell already that as these numbers get closer to 2 these numbers are going to get closer to 0, and these numbers are going up to infinity. So that's what out graph is going to do, as we get close to 2 this graph is going to move up to infinity. Alright and that means that we have a vertical asymptote that x equals 2. So let me draw that in, it's a vertical line, a vertical line that the graph is going to get closer and closer to as it moves up.
Now what happens on this side, again we can just plot some points like on the line at this x value which looks like 4, we're going to have negative 1 the reciprocal of -1 is -1 so my reciprocal graph will actually go through that point. Here the y value is negative a half the reciprocal of that is negative 2 so we'll go through this point and let's say here at 3 we have 3 halves, the reciprocal of that is two thirds and you can see that we're going to get a similar graph, a similar kind of graph down here as up here. Now is this going to happen? As x approaches 2 from the right are we going down to negative infinity? Let's check really quickly with some values, 2.5 half of that is 1.25, 1 minus 1.25 is negative 0.25 and the reciprocal of that is negative 4 so this is 1 over 1 minus 0.5 x.
What about 2.1 half of that is 1.05, 1 minus that is minus 0.05 and the reciprocal of that is negative 20. So yeah you could see that as this goes to 2, we're approaching 2 from the right, this is approaching zero and this is going to negative infinity. And that verifies that the graph should actually just go down, straight down to negative infinity, so we've got a vertical asymptote x equals 2 and you might also recognize that the x axis is a horizontal asymptote] right the graph is getting closer and close to it as x goes to infinity or as x goes to the negative infinity.
So this purple graph is a graph of my reciprocal function, y equals 1 over 1 minus 0.5x and the red graph is the graph of my original line y equals 1 minus 0.5x.


Meaning and Action in Sustainability Science : Interpretive approaches for social-ecological systems research
Abstract: Social-ecological systems research is interventionist by nature. As a subset of sustainability science, social-ecological systems research aims to generate knowledge and introduce concepts that will bring about transformation. Yet scientific concepts diverge in innumerable ways when they are put to work in the world. Why are concepts used in quite different ways to the intended purpose? Why do some appear to fail and others succeed? What do the answers to these questions tell us about the nature of science-society engagement, and what implications do they have for social-ecological systems research and sustainability science? This thesis addresses these questions from an interpretive perspective, focusing on the meanings that shape human actions. In particular, the thesis examines how meaning, interpretation and experience shape the enactment of four action-oriented sustainability concepts: adaptive management, biosphere reserves, biodiversity corridors and planetary boundaries/reconnecting to the biosphere. In so doing, the thesis provides in-depth empirical applications of three interpretive traditions – hermeneutic, discursive and dialogical – that together articulate a broadly interpretive approach to studying social-ecological complexity. In the hermeneutic tradition, Paper I presents a 'rich narrative' case study of a single practitioner tasked with enacting adaptive management in an Australian land management agency, and Paper II provides a qualitative multi-case study of learning among 177 participants in 11 UNESCO biosphere reserves. In the discursive tradition, Paper III uses Q-method to explore interpretations of 'successful' biodiversity corridors among 20 practitioners, scientists and community representatives in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. In the dialogical tradition, Paper IV reworks conventional understandings of knowledge-action relationships by using three concepts from contemporary practice theory – 'actionable understanding,' 'ongoing business' and the 'eternally unfolding present' – to explore the enactment of adaptive management in an Australian national park. Paper V explores ideas of human-environment connection in the concepts planetary boundaries and reconnecting to the biosphere, and develops an 'embodied connection' where human-environment relations emerge through interactivity between mind, body and environment over time. Overall, the thesis extends the frontiers of social-ecological systems research by highlighting the meanings that shape social-ecological complexity; by contributing theories and methods that treat social-ecological change as a relational and holistic process; and by providing entry points to address knowledge, politics and power. The thesis contributes to sustainability science more broadly by introducing novel understandings of knowledge-action relationships; by providing advice on how to make sustainability interventions more useful and effective; by introducing tools that can improve co-production and outcome assessment in the global research platform Future Earth; and by helping to generate robust forms of justification for transdisciplinary knowledge production. The interventionist, actionable nature of social-ecological systems research means that interpretive approaches are an essential complement to existing structural, institutional and behavioural perspectives. Interpretive research can help build a scientifically robust, normatively committed and critically reflexive sustainability science.


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Apple Star Stamps
Apples, tempera paint, paper plates, white paper
Use apples to create beautiful, homemade stamps. Cut the apples along the equator to expose the core, which creates a great star stamper. Kids can dip the apples in paper plates of tempera paints and stamp on paper. Let the stamps dry and add drawings to your apple stamps.


Inclusive Dialogue Virtual Workshop - April 22nd
1:00 - 3:30pm Mountain Time
Primary Competency
Communication Skills
This workshop will support participants in building skills to engage in important, sometimes challenging conversations with co-workers, staff and partners. Facilitation with an eye toward inclusion builds a sense of belonging and allows the space for deep and enriching dialogue - including about important issues such as race and equity.
Participants will need to listen to the following podcast prior to the workshop:
Brene with Aiko Bethea on Inclusivity at Work: The Heart of Hard Conversations
Learning Objectives
After this workshop, participants will be able to:
 1. Reflect on the ways their identities impact how they show up in spaces.
 2. Describe the importance of, and ways to practice self-reflection and intentionality in engaging in conversations.
 3. Implement strategies to create spaces that foster a sense of belonging among co-workers, staff and partners.
Length of Learning Opportunity
2.5 hours
Registration Information
Geographic Relevance


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THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT AND MULTIMODAL INTERACTION LABORATORY
The Virtual Environment and Multimodal Interaction (VEMI) Laboratory, directed and operated by Dr. Nicholas Giudice and Dr. Richard Corey, is part of the Spatial Informatics program in the School of Computing and Information Science at the University of Maine.
The VEMI lab is an educational, research, and development facility based on a collaborative model where faculty, undergraduate, and graduate students across more than a dozen disciplines learn about scientific research, creative design, and technical skills using the latest virtual and augmented reality technologies.
Our mission is to conduct world-class research and to provide students with the training they need to be leaders in today's It-workforce or research-driven careers.
Our research addresses:
1) The design and evaluation of cutting-edge information-access technologies to improve environmental awareness, spatial learning, and navigation for people with visual impairments (blind individuals, older adults, and anybody who is visually distracted, such as texting while walking).
2) Studying the human interactions for optimizing the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of autonomous vehicles (the fastest growing, yet least studied class of transportation).


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Adjust for multiple comparisons by calculating a more stringent alpha value
The Bonferroni adjustment is a simple method for deterring increased experimentwise error rates when adjusting for multiple comparisons in applied statistics. Simply divide the alpha value, oftentimes set at.05, by the number of comparisons being conducted. For example, if you are comparing two independent groups on five different outcomes,.05/five comparisons = new Bonferroni corrected alpha value of.01. Research journals are requiring that adjustment for multiple comparisons be made before accepting manuscripts for publication, and the Bonferroni is a well-known and accepted methodology. Bonferroni is most commonly used when testing fewer outcomes that have been planned a priori.
Statistician For Hire
DO YOU NEED TO HIRE A STATISTICIAN?
Eric Heidel, Ph.D. will provide statistical consulting for your research study at $100/hour. Secure checkout is available with PayPal, Stripe, Venmo, and Zelle.
- Statistical Analysis
- Sample Size Calculations
- Diagnostic Testing and Epidemiological Calculations


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is to translate scene data for rendering; this includes compiling shaders for the specific graphic card in use. Because of this, the first frame you render can take a while, as shaders are compiled. This needs to happen only once per shader. The more often you use the Quicksilver renderer, the faster it will become.
- The iray renderer by mental images creates physically accurate renderings by tracing light paths. It requires little setup compared to other renderers. The principal approach of the iray renderer is time-based: You can specify the length of time to render, the number of iterations to compute, or you can simply launch the rendering for an indefinite amount of time, and stop it when you are satisfied with the appearance of the result. Early iterations of the iray renderer appear more grainy than the results from other renderers. The graininess becomes less apparent the more passes you render. The iray renderer is especially good at rendering reflections, including glossy reflections; it is also good at rendering self-illuminating objects and shapes that cannot be rendered with as much precision in other renderers.
- The mental ray renderer from mental images is a general-purpose renderer that can generate physically correct simulations of lighting effects and it provides a complete library of premade materials which will give your materials the realism you seek.
- The V-Ray rendering system has many advanced features such as distributed rendering, efficient shading system specifically optimized for ray-tracing, efficient geometry handling, and displacement mapping. It also supports image sampling features including three different image sampling methods, full-scene antialiasing, progressive path tracing, support for additional render elements (diffuse, reflection, GI, etc.) as we mentioned before. Also, it supports physically accurate, full global illumination solutions with different GI algorithms such as light cache as well as some camera effects including depth-of-field and accurate motion blur, and many other features you may find it useful in your workflow.
The design visualization market is huge and entertaining as well. And if you are seeking a career in this field you are going to need Autodesk 3ds Max!


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Health-related aerosol measurement: a review of existing sampling criteria and proposals for new ones
Interest in particle size-selective sampling for aerosols in working and ambient living environments began in the early 1900s when it became apparent that the penetration into—and deposition in—the respiratory tract of aerosol-exposed humans of inhaled particles was dependent on particle size. Coarse particles tended to be filtered out during inhalation and in the upper parts of the respiratory tract, so only progressively smaller particles penetrated down to the deep regions of the lung. Over time, following experimental studies with 'breathing' mannequins in wind tunnels and with human volunteer subjects in the laboratory, a clear picture has emerged of the physical, physiological and anatomical factors that control the extent to which particles may or may not reach certain parts of the respiratory tract. Such understanding has increasingly been the subject of discussions about aerosol standards, in particular the criteria by which exposure might be defined in relation to given classes of aerosol-related health effect—and in to turn aerosol monitoring. The ultimate goal has been to develop a set of criteria by which exposure standards are scientifically relevant to the health effects in question. This paper reviews the scientific basis for such criteria. It discusses the criteria that have already been widely discussed and so are either being applied or are on the threshold of practical application in standards. It also discusses how new advanced knowledge may allow us to extend the list of particle size-selective criteria to fractions that have not yet been widely discussed but which may be of importance in the future.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let's have a simple code as below
public class Sandbox {
 public static void run(String[] args) {
 int i = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 int j = i+1;
This will print output
Value at j is overlowed without any notice to me when the code is executed.
I use Netbeans IDE to run this code.
Is it possible to configure the system to notify us when such arithmetic overflow occurs?
share|improve this question
You have to use if-else for this, to check for overflow manually.. Also,you have to create your own exeption. – Rohit Jain Oct 14 '12 at 7:45
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
See the last sentence in the Java Language Specification (Chapter 15.18.2. Additive Operators (+ and -) for Numeric Types) :
Despite the fact that overflow, underflow, or loss of information may occur, evaluation of a numeric additive operator never throws a runtime exception.
For a lengthy article on this problem and the presentation of a tool for workaround see the article Signalling Integer Overflows in Java.
share|improve this answer
add comment
As Rohit Jain mentioned, you have to check it manually, something like this:
if ( j < Integer.MIN_VALUE || j> Integer.MAX_VALUE )
 throw new RuntimeException("Underflow/Overflow occured");
However, if the fluctuation becomes so high that the result comes back in the range, it will not be caught.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


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The goals of testing for Conn syndrome are to identify primary aldosteronism, distinguish between primary and secondary aldosteronism, and distinguish between those causes of Conn syndrome that may benefit from surgical intervention and those that will usually not.
- Electrolytes may be measured to look for an electrolyte imbalance, primarily decreased potassium and chloride along with increased carbon dioxide.
- Doctors will frequently order blood renin tests along with blood and/or 24-hour urine aldosterone tests to help diagnose primary aldosteronism and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. The ratio of aldosterone to renin (ARR) is used to test for primary aldosteronism. If renin levels are low and aldosterone levels are high, then the ratio will be significantly increased and primary aldosteronism is the likely diagnosis. Based on the results of these tests, a doctor may do a suppression test, using sodium chloride or captopril administration, to see if aldosterone secretion decreases.
These tests may be followed by a CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the adrenal glands to look for a tumor. This process can be complicated as benign adrenal tumors are relatively common, especially as people get older. Many of them do not secrete aldosterone and are found incidentally during procedures performed for other reasons. Determining hyperplasia can also be tricky because the size of normal adrenal glands may vary significantly from one person to the next.
If hyperplasia or an aldosterone-producing tumor is suspected but not easily locatable, then a doctor may order adrenal venous sampling. In this procedure, blood is collected from the vein that carries blood away from each adrenal gland. These blood samples are tested for aldosterone (sometimes cortisol is also measured and an aldosterone/cortisol ratio is calculated) and then the results from the two adrenal glands are compared. If they are significantly different, then it is likely that an adenoma is located in the gland with the highest aldosterone concentration.
- Blood pressure measurement – often the first indicator of possible primary aldosteronism
- CT (computed tomography) scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – used to detect adrenal tumors


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From "Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji"
10 x 15 inches
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Takes notes on the following resources:
- FIRST, See the 36 views of Mount Fuji (of which the above print is one).
- THEN, watch a virtual demonstration of woodblock printing as well as etching, lithography, and screen printing (if the page doesn't load, try a different browser).
- FINALLY, watch the video below:
1. What does Ukiyo-e mean? What are some characteristics of Ukiyo-e prints?
2. List and briefly explain the four types of printmaking as described in the virtual demonstration.
3. Give some examples to show how Hokusai's Great Wave and other prints influenced European art and artists.


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Digital Electronics Projects: How to Use Switches to Build Gates
To give you an idea of how basic gates work, these electronics projects show you how to assemble an AND gate, an OR gate, and an XOR gate using simple DPDT knife switches. In actual practice, gate circuits are built with transistors or with integrated circuits. But these three projects will give you a good idea of how gates work.
The following list summarizes these three basic logical operations:
AND: An AND operation compares two binary values. If both values are 1, the result of the AND operation is 1. If one value is 0 or both of the values are 0, the result is 0.
OR: An OR operation compares two binary values. If at least one of the values is 1, the result of the OR operation is 1. If both values are 0, the result is 0.
XOR: An XOR operation compares two binary values. If exactly one of them is 1, the result is 1. If both values are 0 or if both values are 1, the result is 0.
The AND gate is implemented by connecting two switches together in series. Both switches must be closed for the lamp to light.
To implement an OR gate with switches, you simply wire the switches in parallel. Then, the lamp lights if either of the switches is closed.
The XOR gate circuit wiring is a bit trickier. The DPDT switches are cross-connected in such a way that the circuit to the lamp is completed if one of the switches is in the A position and the other is in the B position. If both switches are in the same position, the circuit is not completed so the lamp does not light.


Prerequisite to making contact
Be fearless: There is no threat as the media would have you believe. Thousands of contact experiences with ce5 protocols have taken place and not one of them has reported hostile interactions with ETs. Fear of the unknown is common but can be transformed into excitement. Fear will stand in the way of making contact whilst high vibrations of love, peace and joy encourage contact experiences.
The coherence of a ce5 group is vital to making contact. Coming together in unity of mind and heart in a circle resonating together creates an easily accessible time-space receptacle.
There are three main ways of making contact. Of these, thought is by far the most important.
CE5 teams practice CTS or 'Coherent Thought Sequencing'. Reach a calm, centred state of consciousness. You are in the unbounded state of the awake mind. There are a plentitude of meditation techniques to take you there, some of which we teach at events.
Then in your mind's eye move from your location through the solar system and the milky way to deep space. When you meet a space craft introduce yourself as an ambassador from earth. Invite them to visit you at your site and vector them in by showing them the way to the milky way galaxy, our solar system and the third planet from the sun, the earth. Zoom into your continent and guide them through visualisation to your location, showing them in your mind's eye your team.
Send out this invitation a few days in advance, sending out the time and date for the event to take place.
Your state of mind is significant. Training your mind to hold focus and have the highest possible intentions of love, peace and unity is of utmost importance. An attitude of dignified humility and a state of serenity are valuable in inviting contact.
Always insist that they only visit you if it is safe and appropriate for them to do so.
It was noticed that sometimes ETV's (extraterrestrial vehicles) would show up over concerts that used lots of laser light shining into the sky. CE5 contact teams sometimes use laser beams to show ETVs our position. Nowadays, because of the danger of blinding a pilot, we do not shine the lasers at anything in the sky. When teams signaled to ETVs in the past, more likely than not, the ETV would respond in like manner.
The teams broadcast tones that were originally recorded during a contact event in a crop circle in England. The tones are part of ET technology that we have recorded and are sending back to them. Why? Imagine if you went into someone's home, and they had a wall of pictures. How interested would you be? Mildly maybe? What if you noticed YOUR picture on the wall? Would that peak your interest? Transmitting their own technology back to them is our attempt to put their picture on the wall.
Simulated Journeys from Earth to the End of the Universe
Enjoy traveling from the third planet from the sun (Earth), through our Solar System and the Milkyway Glaxay to outer Space. We suggest you watch these videos in full screen mode..
In this animation we break free from the ESO (European Southern Observatory) Supernova planetarium facility, rise above Garching, and then Munich, Germany and the Earth itself. The viewer accelerates out of the Solar System and then the Milky Way, finally revealing vast numbers of galaxies.
Space engine universe simulator: from Earth to the Universe
Results from the Netherlands


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Kepler Space Institute, USA
Jasdeep Kaur is Chief of JBR society, India. She is the most recent recipient of the prestigious Henry Thorsten award from the ADA. Trained in dental surgery, she was the Health and Safety Officer on the Mars Desert Research Station USA for Crew Number 114. MDRS is a facility where simulated space studies are carried out mimicking authentic space projects on Earth. She has over twenty publications in the area of salivary research. She is also an expert reviewer for the Journal of American Dental Education, Oral Disease, and the Irish Medical Journal. She is presently holds a research position at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. She is working on a project entitled : Space Dentistry and Space Flight.
Dental emergencies and dental health needs are recommended to be studied for short and long space mission especially Mars mission [White et al., 2003]. Recent missions to Mars will comprise for approx. two years of microgravity and radiations conditions on human body, which could have serious effects on human physiology including oral cavity physiology [White et al., 2003 Rai et al., 2011]. Our previous studies reported that simulated microgravity has effects on oral cavity such as periodontitis, dental caries, osteoporosis leading to bone loss and fractures of jaws bone, facial pain and numbness of teeth and oral cavity tissues, stone of salivary duct and oral cancer, which are more prevalent in space environments as compared to normal earth environments [Rai et al., 2011-2013]. It is imperative that we send a "space dentist in space" to achieve first response protocol through dental and oral health related experimentation. It is very important for space travelers to have a dental emergency treatment and management kits accessible on board. This protocol is essential not only for long space missions but also in third world countries and remote area. So, this issue should be taken into account for safe space missions.


An Introduction to YouTube Restricted Mode
July 08, 2020
How do parents and caring adults control YouTube? This is a very popular question since according to recent usage data, YouTube is the most popular digital destination for teens, beating out both Instagram and Snapchat.
Did you know there are over 71,000 videos watched on YouTube every second with over 300 hours of video uploaded every minute? The statistics are mind-numbing. In addition to hilarious cat videos, YouTube is also home to inappropriate content, including hardcore pornography.
And, because YouTube is one of the most popular destinations for kids and teens, via their website or the app, it's important for parents and caring adults to understand its parental controls.


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The second group of Egyptian teachers have arrived at the University of Leicester. This group are all teachers of maths and their arrival has provoked me to revisit this blog to muse over ideas that have moved on since the last post.
It has got me thinking about how innovation looks from a different direction and has alerted me to the layered nature of teaching. High ideals beyond pedagogy are the order of the day but feet musty be kept firmly on the ground to provide useful and usable opportunities for growth.
I will use this blog to post the progression of thought for the next 10 weeks as the course for these Egyptian teachers develops.
Notes to self:
- Speak more slowly
- Give things more time
- Allow white space to develop
- Listen to the shouts and the whispers


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Solution. The term is everywhere! It just may be the most overused and least understood term in technology, SaaS, software, consulting, or business today. So what exactly is a solution?
Definition of Solution
Based on my experience working with a variety of companies, here is the Solution Marketing Strategies definition of the term "solution"
A complete and integrated offering that includes everything required to solve a customer problem and provide value to the customer:
- Complete: The solution includes whatever is needed to solve the problem.
- Integrated: The components are designed to work together.
- Offering: Whatever is being provided to the customer – could be a software-centric solution, a series of services, a consumer service or good etc.
- Everything: Includes all of the components – an understanding of users; process; data and content used in the process; hardware, software, other technology; and strategy, integration, support and training services provided by the vendor and their partners (see Solution Framework below)
- Solves a customer problem: The solution fixes a problem or challenge that the customer has.
- Value: The solution provides a benefit that is greater than the cost to fully deploy the solution (i.e., Benefit – Cost = Value)
Now that we've defined the term "solution," let's take a look at the key components of a good solution.
The Solution Framework
You might think of a solution as following a framework. The Solution Marketing Strategies Solution Framework™ or model describes the following components required to solve a problem. Components can come from the vendor and their partners – and even from the customer. Each of these elements applies to all types of solutions – B2B, B2C, B2E (employee) etc.
- Customer and pain points – While not solution components per se, the customer and their pain points are the reason that the solution exists. I.e., we're trying to solve a problem; this is the "why" for the solution.
- Users: Solutions are purposely designed to meet the needs of users – everyone who comes in contact with, is a beneficiary or stakeholder of the solution. Users are the "who" for the solution.
- Process: Solutions are usually built to manage some sort of a repeatable, structured process or informal collaboration process. This applies as much to B2B processes like accounts payable processing as it does to B2C processes like hailing a cab from Uber. Process defines "how" the solution works.
- Data and Content: Solutions run on both structured data (such as database records, pricing, analytics) and unstructured content (such as electronic documents, images, sound files, videos, text). Data and content are "what" flows through the solution.
- Technology: Solutions often include technology such as equipment, hardware, software (whether cloud or premise-based), and media (such as CDs or DVDs) that enable the solution to manage the process, data and content for the benefit of the customer, users and stakeholders. Technology "enables" the solution.
- Services: Services fill in the gaps between components and tie the entire solution together into a smoothly operating whole. Services "complete" the solution and can include everything from strategic, integration and deployment services to ongoing support services.
Why it matters
Now that you know what a solution is, you may be asking why it matters at all. The above definition and framework help you to see what it takes to really solve a problem. For example, providing software alone may not be enough to solve a customer problem – and the definition and framework above can help you to see that more clearly. This definition can also help you to see broader opportunities for your company – new ways to serve the needs of customers, for example, by adding new services to your technology product. And finally, consistent definitions enable alignment with other functions, partners and customers so you can deliver better outcomes and grow revenue.
So what do you think? How would you define the term "solution" and what should it include?
- Fixing the Mix
- Prospects Need to Cross a Chasm Too
- Secretaries, Typewriters and Solutions
- Solution as a Suffix – 5 requirements of a solution
- Products or solutions – it all depends on market maturity
- Solutions Insights Blog – a great post on defining the word "solution"


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The term duration refers to the length of time over which the subjective effects of a psychoactive compound manifest themselves. This can be further broken down into (1) total duration (2) onset (3) come up (4) peak (5) offset and (6) after effects. Depending upon the substance consumed, each of these occurs in a separate and continuous fashion.
These are listed and described as follows:
The total duration of a substance can be defined as the amount of time it takes for the effects of a substance to completely wear off into sobriety, starting from the moment the substance is first administered.
The onset phase can be defined as the period until the very first changes in perception (i.e. "first alerts") are able to be detected.
The "come up" phase can be defined as the period between the first noticeable changes in perception and the point of highest subjective intensity. This is colloquially known as "coming up."
The peak phase can be defined as period of time in which the intensity of the substance's effects are at its height.
The offset phase can be defined as the amount of time in between the conclusion of the peak and shifting into a sober state. This is colloquially referred to as "coming down."
The after effects can be defined as any residual effects which may remain after the experience has reached its conclusion. This is colloquially known as a "hangover" or an "afterglow" depending on the substance and usage. It should be noted that the after effects of the substances listed on this site are not included as part of the total duration.


Entity Framework Dynamically adding Interfaces to model
When working with existing model that is quite big and is being regenerated quite often in cases where abstraction needed it might be costly to manually go around redecorating model with interfaces. In such cases one might want to add some dynamic behavior to model generation.
Following example will show how automatically add interfaces on classes that have specific column names:
In your model go to.tt file modify the EntityClassOpening method in following way, this will add IPolicyNumber interface on entities that have POLICY_NO column, and IUniqueId on UNIQUE_ID
public string EntityClassOpening(EntityType entity)
 var stringsToMatch = new Dictionary { { "POLICY_NO", "IPolicyNumber" }, { "UNIQUE_ID", "IUniqueId" } };
 return string.Format(
 "{0} {1}partial class {2}{3}{4}",
 _code.StringBefore(" : ", _typeMapper.GetTypeName(entity.BaseType)),
 stringsToMatch.Any(o => entity.Properties.Any(n => n.Name == o.Key))? " : " + string.Join(", ", stringsToMatch.Join(entity.Properties, l => l.Key, r => r.Name, (l,r) => l.Value)) : string.Empty);
This is one specific case but it shows a power of being able to modify.tt templates.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I've encountered, on Wikipedia (examples below), an integration notation which seems to be prefix-style: the integral sign is immediately followed by the $\mathrm dx$ (or $\mathrm dy$, or what have you), and this is followed by the function to be integrated. Multiple integration is done by multiple prefixes.
I have two questions:
 1. Does this notation have a name (and perhaps a Wikipedia article)?
 2. In this prefix notation, are the integrals evaluated left-to-right, or inner-to-outer?
First place I've encountered the notation: Wikipedia on multiple integration. Most relevant bit:
If the domain D is normal with respect to the x-axis, and is a continuous function; then α(x) and β(x) (defined on the interval [a, b]) are the two functions that determine D. Then: $$\iint_D f(x,y)\ dx\, dy = \int \limits_a^b dx \int \limits_{ \alpha (x)}^{ \beta (x)} f(x,y)\, dy.$$
Second place I've encountered the notation: Wikipedia on integration by parts. Most relevant bit:
Consider the iterated integral: $$ \int_a^z \mathrm dx\ \int_a^x \mathrm dy \, h(y). $$ In the order written above, the strip of width d is integrated first over the y-direction (a strip of width dx in the x direction is integrated with respect to the y variable across the y direction) as shown in the left panel of the figure, which is inconvenient especially when function h(y) is not easily integrated.
share|improve this question
I don't know if it has a special name, but this prefix notation is quite common among physicists (from my experience mathematicians tend to use the "standard" suffix notation). – Bill Cook Apr 4 '12 at 20:22
This notation would be horribly confusing to most mathematicians I think. – Keaton Apr 4 '12 at 20:26
I think of it as "physicist's notation". – Michael Lugo Apr 5 '12 at 2:30
_USER_: All it would need is 5 minutes of getting used to, I think. I positively hated the notation when I first encountered it on Wikipedia yesterday afternoon, but then I realised the notation was fine. The problem was the fact that the original contributors sweetly neglected to, you know, describe their notation, let alone define it. Grrr. Anyway, off to add the missing descriptions. Thanks, Bill, Micheal, and Joriki! – Esteis Apr 5 '12 at 8:21
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
As Bill wrote, this is quite usual in physics. You'll even find things like
$$\int\frac{\mathrm dx}{x-a}\;.$$
I think this treatment of $\mathrm dx$ as if it were a factor and not just a notational device corresponds to a stronger tendency to think of calculus as dealing with infinitesimal quantities.
I don't know of a name for this notation.
Regarding your second question, I'm not sure what it would mean to evaluate these integrals left to right – they're evaluated exactly as if the differentials were at the end, e.g.
$$\int_0^\infty\mathrm dx\int_0^1\mathrm dy\, \mathrm e^{-(x+y)}=\int_0^\infty\int_0^1 \mathrm e^{-(x+y)}\,\mathrm dy\,\mathrm dx\;.$$
share|improve this answer
Super, thanks. Corroborated by Bill and Micheal above, too. I'll add a note to Wikipedia's Integral#Terminology_and_notation mentioning this notation. Merci! – Esteis Apr 5 '12 at 8:22
I understand the first notation of $\frac{dx}{x-a}$. In fact, I use this frequently when teaching calculus students because there is no real harm. My comment was just that the intent of what you are doing is much clearer in the right hand side of Joriki's last equation than the left hand side, which looks really odd to me. – Keaton Apr 5 '12 at 17:34
Hmm...I did see such prefix notations in Rudin's book, e.g. Real and complex analysis 3rd, P165. – newbie Apr 15 '13 at 16:17
Following the last comment, I guess it is used on purpose to distinguish double integrals and iterated integrals, under that circumstance. – newbie Apr 15 '13 at 16:23
Your Answer


Caddo Parish District Attorney James Stewart talks about the about-to-begin school year and with so many students opting for "distance learning," how his office will deal with a possible increase in truancy.
Stewart begins by explaining his office's long term relationship with the Caddo Schools Superintendent in dealing with the problem. "We've always been there for support and enforcement when necessary," he says, also giving kudos to Willis Knighton for their help. "Getting all our kids in school and keeping them off the street really helps us all in the long run. But we're in a new normal. But the conversations I've had with Superintendent (Lamar) Goree say compulsory attendance is still there for all three options. That's where we come in. Supporting the parents who have an make sure that their kids are in the educational process."
The State of Louisiana Compulsory Attendance Law mandates that students cannot be absent more than 10 unexcused days during the academic year. Any student who exceeds that number can be retained in their current grade.
In most cases the first step in the truancy court process involves a summons or notice to the parent or guardian. The hearing can take place at the school before a magistrate or in court before a judge.
Before a person may be subject to criminal charges, when there have been five consecutive or ten total unexcused absences of a child during a school year, the parent must receive written notice that within ten days of receipt of the notice the parent or guardian, accompanied by the child, attend an in-person meeting with the principal or other representative of the school in order to discuss and correct the circumstances causing the unexcused absences.
Beatles Kids: Where are They Now?


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Here are some tips for taking photos/scans that will meet our image requirements.
Note: photos are preferred over scans, and we cannot accept scans of ID documents or passports from certain countries (for example, France).
If using a camera to take a photo:
- Place the ID on a dark surface.
- Use sufficient, natural lighting instead of a flash. It's best if the photo is taken during the daytime.
- Take photo as directly above the ID as possible. Be sure that your shadow does not cover your ID.
- Make sure that:
- All four edges of your ID are visible within the image.
- All information on the ID is clear & legible -- no details are blurred or covered.
If using a scanner to create a scan:
- Place the ID in the middle of the scanner so that all four edges of the ID are clearly visible.
- Do NOT place the ID against one of the corners or sides of the scanner.
- Place a dark sheet of paper (or a dark covered book or cloth) on top of the ID.
- Scan the ID.
- Crop the scan to fit the ID, leaving around a half inch of space around the edges of the ID.
You will also need to make sure that your photo/scan meets our technical parameters.


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Current Affairs Cuckoo, declining in numbers in Czech Republic, named Bird of Year
The common cuckoo has just been named Bird of the Year 2010 by the Czech Society for Ornithology. One of the aims of the annual award is to draw attention to the problems faced by particular species of birds. In the case of the cuckoo, ornithologists report a baffling fall in numbers over the last few decades.
The Czech Society for Ornithology has just named the cuckoo the Bird of the Year 2010. The head of the organisation Zdeněk Vermouzek explains why.
"Given that this is the Year of Biodiversity we wanted to choose a breed that would be sufficiently well known to all Czechs. I'd go so far as to say that there's nobody in this country who doesn't know the cuckoo, or hasn't heard of it. At the same time, the bird has broader cultural significance, if we consider various superstitions and lore linked to particular times of the year."
Czech ornithologists say that as elsewhere there has been a steep decline in the cuckoo population here over the last 20 or 30 years. As to why, however, they are not entirely sure.
"We can assume that it is because of changes in agriculture, which has become more intensive, with mechanisation and the use of insecticides and other factors whose influence it is hard to prove. But at the same time it could be due to changes in conditions at the cuckoo's wintering grounds in sub-Saharan Africa."
Cuckoos are what are known as brood parasites, which means they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, and the only such parasites to be found in the central Europe region. By the way, their behaviour is said to explain the provenance of the word cuckold.


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A flow with variable fluid mass density represents an optical disturbance, which changes the phase of a transmitted light wave with respect to an undisturbed wave. Before the flow of gas in the puff begins, an interference pattern is obtained and the fringes' positions are determined by the initial phase difference between both beams. As the gas flows in the puff, the mass density of the gas increases, causing an additional phase difference. The time dependent additional phase difference results in time dependent shifting of the fringes and thus changes the intensity picked up by the photodiode. When a steady state flow is reached the mass density is everywhere constant in time and the fringes cease to shift (Fig 1).
Fig. 1: Interferometry measurement (blue line) taken at the center of the triple gas-puff with all three valve
plena open to air at atmospheric pressure. The green line indicates the signal sent by a piezoelectric detector
placed on a Delrin extender to measure the mechanical noise created by the valve operation.
Modified on: 2010-02-23


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Adolphus Asher (_PHONE_): Berlin bookseller, Anglophile, and friend to Panizzi
THE London weekly The Athenceum of 1 October 1853 carried in its gossip column the following brief obituary: "Mr. Adolphus Asher, bookseller of Berlin, whose shop in the Linden Walk was the common rendezvous of literary natives and strangers in that capital, died at Venice on the 2nd of this month [September]. Mr. Asher was one ofthe continental purveyors for tbe British Museum, and his business brought him into frequent connexion with the leading literary men in this country; by whom he was respected for bis great knowledge of books, and for his ready disposition to place the advantages of his foreign connexion at the service of those to whom it might be useful. His loss will be felt by the English literary visitor at Berlin, as that of an old and agreeable friend. He died in his fifty-third year."
Adolphus Asher (_PHONE_): Berlin bookseller, Anglophile, and friend to Panizzi (PDF format), 15.2MB


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People my age can be insecure in multiple ways. It could be being uncertain about situations, not confident in your own skin or feeling judged by others. Teenagers may feel more insecure away from, or with others. With everything going on through kids heads today, they may tend to get anxious. Teens that feel anxious at times may stop doing what they love or even stop talking to their friends and family.
Some teenagers feel more anxious and insecure than they show. They might be insecure about recent failures. This may be from grades in school. Kids often stay up late for school work and lose sleep multiple nights. It can cause bad grades for the lack of sleep which can make kids feel like a failure.
Teens may also feel insecure when comparing themselves to others. Some kids would do anything to change themselves just to fit in, even if it means to change who they are. They get judged by others because of their appearance or the characteristics about them that makes them beautiful in their own way.
Anxiety is something that teenagers often struggle with. It can affect school work and friendships. Anxiety can make kids want to be alone and not give full effort in activities. It can make kids worry about various events. These events can be about family problems, health, school work, behavior, and future activities. Teens that get anxious worry with even the smallest problems. Some teens that have anxiety can't separate from home. They may not feel safe outside of their house or they are too insecure around others.
In conclusion, teenagers my age do deal with anxiety daily and can be insecure at times. Some teens may not show it but they might actually have it worse not around others. Anxiety has affected many people, even adults. Kids get insecure just over the smallest thins. This is important to know how to help out others that struggle with this.