text:
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PANCREAS PRESERVATION
The pancreas plays an important role in the digestion of food and in regulation of blood sugar. Loss of pancreatic tissue after surgical removal increases the risks for the development of diabetes mellitus and mal-absorption of food.
Preservation of pancreatic tissue is an important goal during surgery for pancreatic and biliary diseases to reduce the risks of loss of pancreatic tissue. During the Whipple operation, organs that play a vital role in digestive function are often removed. The organs removed include part of the pancreas and bile duct, and all of the duodenum. The duodenum appears to play an important role in regulating the motility of the stomach and the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is thought that partial or complete loss of the duodenum is responsible for the delay in emptying of the stomach that often occurs after the Whipple operation.
For malignant tumors affecting the duodenum, head of pancreas, and the distal (bottom end) of the bile duct, the Whipple operation is the standard of care and the procedure of choice. The Whipple operation is also frequently performed for benign (non-cancerous) disorders that affect the bottom end of the bile duct, duodenum, or head of pancreas. While in some patients the extent or nature of disease may require a Whipple operation, alternate procedures that preserve some of the organs removed during the standard whipple operation may be an option in other patients.
An important emphasis at the USC Center for Pancreatic and Biliary diseases is the the use of operative procedures that emphasize organ preservation as an alternative to the Whipple procedure in selective patients with non-cancerous disorders affecting the head of the pancreas, the bottom end of the bile duct, or the duodenum.
The procedures we offer as an alternative to the Whipple operation or massive pancreas removal include:
Duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection:
This procedure is offered primarily to patients with chronic pancreatitis. This procedure may also be offered to some patients with benign (non-cancerous) disorders of the head of the pancreas such as cystic neoplasms or small islet cell tumors who would otherwise require a Whipple operation. In this procedure the head of the pancreas is removed while we preserve the duodenum (the first part of the intestine) and the bile duct that are usually removed in a Whipple operation. Patients with this surgical procedure have rapid return of the bowel function and less gastrointestinal type of complications that are often found in patients requiring a Whipple operation. USC is one of the very few centers in the United States that offer this surgical procedure
This procedure is indicated for patients who have low-grade malignant or benign tumors in the neck (in the middle of the pancreas). Removal of tumors in this area often require removing a large portion of the normal pancreas by surgical procedures such as either an extended Whipple operation or a subtotal pancreatectomy (removal of 80% of the pancreas).
We offer a highly specialized surgical procedure that removes only the tumorous portion of the neck of the pancreas. We therefore preserve the head of the pancreas avoiding the Whipple operation and also the body and tail of the pancreas.
This procedure is indicated for patients with low-grade malignancy or benign disorders of the tail of the pancreas. The spleen is often removed with a standard distal pancreatectomy, however, in patients with low-grade malignancy or benign disorders of the tail of the pancreas there is often no indication for a splenectomy. We offer a procedure that would remove only the pancreas while preserving the spleen.
Enucleation of pancreatic islet cell tumors
Many functional pancreatic islet tumors such as insulinoma and gastrinoma are small tumors usually less than 1 to 2cm. Furthermore the tumors are often on the surface of the pancreas. The tumors have a lining around them that separates them from the pancreas.
An operation called enucleation is often performed for these tumors. In this operation the tumor is shelled out from the pancreas without removing any pancreatic tissue. We have developed a laparoscopic technique for this operation. Laparoscopic enucleation of a pancreatic islet cell tumor is allows rapid recovery, early discharge from hospital and early return to work.
Wide resection of Ampulla Vater
This procedure is offered to patients with ampullary polyps or other benign disorders of the ampulla. Patients usually present with pancreatitis or jaundice. The Whipple operation is the usually offered for these benign conditions. We prefer local resection of the ampulla vater for villous adenomas since the pancreas and duodenum are preserved. We widely remove the ampulla and then re-implant the cut ends of the bile duct and the pancreatic duct into the duodenum.
Isolated resection of the third and fourth portion of the duodenum:This procedure is an option for patients with tumors in the third and fourth portions of the duodenum. This procedure is performed to avoid a Whipple operation. In this surgical procedure only the third and the fourth portion of the duodenum is removed and the cut end of the intestine are then sutured together.
web site provides select information about pancreatic and biliary disorders
and is updated twice monthly. This information is not intended as a substitute
for professional medical consultation with your physician.It is important
that you consult with your physician for detailed information about your
medical condition and treatment.The center will make every effort to update
the site, however, past performance is no guarantee of future medical


text:
Machine Vision Implementation in Rapid PCB Prototyping
Image processing, the heart of machine vision, has proven itself to be an essential part of the industries today. Its application has opened new doorways, making more concepts in manufacturing processes viable. This paper presents an application of machine vision in designing a module with the ability to extract drills and route coordinates from an un-mounted or mounted printed circuit board (PCB). The algorithm comprises pre-capturing processes, image segmentation and filtering, edge and contour detection, coordinate extraction, and G-code creation. OpenCV libraries and Qt IDE are the main tools used. Throughout some testing and experiments, it is concluded that the algorithm is able to deliver acceptable results. The drilling and routing coordinate extraction algorithm can extract in average 90% and 82% of the whole drills and routes available on the scanned PCB in a total processing time of less than 3 seconds. This is achievable through proper lighting condition, good PCB surface condition and good webcam quality.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Fibroblasts isolated from tuberous sclerosis patients, lacking a protein known as TSC2, stimulate hair follicles when grafted onto the skin of mice. The grafts also show features of benign tumours and these findings suggest that cells devoid of TSC2 induce abnormal proliferation or growth in normal tissue, known as a harmatoma.
Tuberous sclerosis patients carry mutations in the genes TSC1 or TSC2, leading to inactivation of one copy of the gene. These patients have benign harmatoma tumours that are thought to arise when cells accumulate additional mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Thomas Darling and colleagues show in Nature Communications this week that the cells that give rise to the tumours do not have functional TSC2 and can stimulate hair follicle formation in some grafts. This harmatoma xenograft model may also allow for the further study of tissue organisation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Abstract #0813
Assessing the (ani)sotropic component of R2 as a mean of studying White Matter properties
Rita Gil1, Diana Khabipova1,2, Marcel Zwiers1, Tom Hilbert3,4,5, Tobias Kober3,4,5, and José P. Marques1
1Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, 3Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland, 4Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, 5LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
In this study we investigate the orientation dependence of transverse relaxivity (R2) maps in white matter (WM) due to susceptibility effects of myelin microstructure. Subjects' heads were rotated along different orientations with respect to B0 and R2 values (within different WM fibre populations) were decomposed into R2 isotropic and anisotropic components (orientation independent and dependent respectively). Differences found in isotropic values were associated with fibres different diameter whereas differences found in anisotropic values were associated with the susceptibility effects from myelin. It was showed that the orientation of WM fibres influences R2 contrast and coherence between hemispheres was also observed.
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text:
Children are our greatest love and greatest effort.They are our greatest joy and our greatest frustration. Our dream and our reality. Our greatest potential and our greatest triumph.
In this balancing act that parents have to do every moment, Maximum Childhood (a winner in the Economic Times Power of Ideas 2015 business idea competition) comes as a way to help parents maximize the potential of the child while minimizing the effort. Maximum Childhood offers a structured way to teach your child (slightly older children can even teach themselves), using different methods, from technology through apps and videos on youtube, through field trips and activities, through written and drawn expression etc.
Hence, the child learns to learn with joy and enthusiasm 24×7.And you enjoy seeing them enjoy learning. Maximum Childhood: Empowering parents to create future ready children.


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Definition: thunk
In a PC, to execute the instructions required to switch between segmented addressing of memory and flat addressing. A thunk typically occurs when a 16-bit application is running in a 32-bit address space, and its 16-bit segmented address must be converted into a full 32-bit flat address. On the other hand, if a 32-bit program calls a 16-bit DLL, then the thunk is in the opposite direction: from 32 bit to 16 bit.


Northern California style: Country charmer
Colorful beds soften a side yard in Sonoma
Lauren Bonar Swezey
Landscape designer Jaquie Tomke-Bosch and husband Al Bosch moved from the Bay Area to Sonoma seven years ago with a collection of 23 containerized Japanese maples and ambitious plans to renovate a long, narrow side yard. "The garden became a labor of love," Tomke-Bosch says.
First, they removed large portions of an existing lawn and oversize deck. Then they formed rounded planting beds to visually soften the space. Each maple became the focal point for one of the beds. Beneath the trees, Tomke-Bosch wove a tapestry of perennials and ornamental grasses, using plants with flowers or foliage in shades of yellow ― including alstroemeria, euphorbia, Japanese forest grass, and Jerusalem sage ― to direct the eye through the garden.
Steppingstones embedded in the lawn invite visitors to stroll through the garden to the rear of the property, where Bosch designed and built a garden cottage for potting and storage. "It's a fun country garden with something happening in it every month of the year," Tomke-Bosch says.
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Twenty-five years ago Eric Hoffman launched his one-man business to develop mining exploration technologies in a small enterprise centre in Brantford.
It was, at first, a lonely venture. He had a family to support but he also had the vision to capitalize on technologies the economic geochemist knew were being developed by Canadian academics like him. It was just a matter of seeing the vision through.
He moved to Ancaster a few years later to be near McMaster University's nuclear reactor — the only reactor in Canada that could be used commercially for the kind of mineral testing he had developed.
"We needed an edge over our competition and that was technology … that research that had not been applied commercially."
It's a formula that's worked.
By the end of this year, Hoffman expects Activation Lab's workforce will number about 1,500 people in 40 locations around the world. A new one in Burkina Faso just opened in March.
He expects about 100 new jobs will be added to the workforce of 350 at the corporate headquarters in Ancaster, from general labourers to staff with Ph.D or master's degrees. Included among staff are his three children who were in school when he started, and his wife, who runs the human resources department.
Activation Labs has now also developed new branches, using high-tech methods and equipment in other industrial sectors such as life sciences, materials, environmental and agricultural.
In February, the company received $900,000 from provincial and federal development funds to further research into DNA-analysis soil tests which promise to determine if the conditions exist for a soybean cysnematode infestation — a common and debilitating problem common to the cash crop.
The company is now building a 200,000-square-foot lab in the Ancaster Industrial Park where Activation already has five buildings. This new one will house a mineral testing facility. One of the current buildings will house new agricultural and environmental labs.
But this is just one aspect of the incredible growth at Activation.
Hoffman said as minerals are discovered and mined, the need to use technology to discover deposits that are not easy to detect becomes more urgent, particularly for rare earth minerals, or harder to detect elements such as graphite. Then there is always the rush for gold.
Activation has created testing systems using a myriad of largely proprietary technologies to find mineral deposits by analyzing soil, rock, or even the bark of a tree or the bacteria in soil.
"We have developed a lot of technologies which can do that in a very cost effective way," he said. "A lot of our technologies are unique."
Activation has been actively growing domestically — moving its Thunder Bay facility into a larger building, for example, and this year opening a new western Canadian regional office in Kamloops, B.C.
By 1995 Activation had gone global, with a purchase of a company in the United States then eventually new labs in Australia and South America. Activation will open four locations in African countries this year and is currently building two in Mongolia.
Hoffman said even four years ago he never would have considered opening a business in Africa, but times, and the need for minerals, have changed.
"People have a fear of going outside Canada. We don't see that there are a lot of companies going global," he said. "Africa has been a continent that has been overlooked because of instability. There are areas that are still unable to be developed but there are areas that are ripe for development. It was a pretty well-kept secret. "
He has also taken a different tack by hiring locals to manage foreign locations rather than expats.
"We find that employees prefer to work for someone from their home country. Many multinationals don't do this."
Hoffman said while there are difficulties with doing business in foreign areas such as Africa such as shipping delays and hiring staff, there are just as many doing business at home.
The reality is, however, Hoffman said he hasn't hesitated because the demand for his business won't allow it.
"We'll never be a multinational billion-dollar company but we are likely fifth in the world in our industry," he said. "We are good at developing technology and at seeing the potential advantage to commercializing applications (of academic research). I would say actually we're very good at that."
This article is for personal use only courtesy of TheSpec.com – a division of Metroland Media Group Ltd.


School Logo
Maple class solve maths investigations
This week, the children have used all of their maths knowledge to solve a range of investigations. They had the option to choose any equipment that could help to solve the problems and they could record their results in any way.
We have had lots of fun calculating the answers to the investigations and finding more than one way to solve a problem.
Well done Maple class. You are fantastic mathematicians!


text:
The economics made sense for decades. Huge slaughterhouses elsewhere could process beef more efficiently than smaller ones in Hawaii, and it's cheaper to send cattle to the mainland to be fattened than to bring in corn or other grains to feed calves after they're weaned.
Now, national interest in locally grown food and grass-fed beef has caught on in Hawaii — offering ranchers plenty of reason to escape this paradox. But the opportunity comes as crushing drought has made it difficult to keep enough cattle here to capitalize on the demand.
Rancher and veterinarian Dr. Tim Richards has been trying for six years to raise more cattle on his family's century-old ranch. He holds back some calves he previously would have sent to Oregon, Texas or elsewhere for final feeding, or "finishing." But eight years of below-normal rainfall have left little grass for the cattle to eat.
"You put them out, and then it doesn't rain and then instead of growing, they just sort of stand around," said Richards, the president of Kahua Ranch on the slopes of the Big Island's Kohala volcano.
The cows don't put on enough weight to be taken to market, so Richards winds up shipping them to the mainland anyway to eat corn and other grains before being sent to the slaughterhouse.
"It's very frustrating, because you keep trying, but it keeps getting stopped," he said.
Ranching in Hawaii dates to the 1830s, when King Kamehameha III asked Mexican vaqueros, or cowboys, to come to the islands to help round up feral cattle descended from those given to the king's family years earlier by the British explorer George Vancouver. The vaqueros taught Hawaiians how to ride horses and lasso animals, giving rise to the distinctive paniolo, or Hawaiian cowboys.
In recent years, high grain and oil prices have made it less affordable to send cattle to the mainland for finishing. At the same time, restaurants and grocery stores in Hawaii have seen more demand for premium local meat that's considered leaner, healthier, better for the environment and tastier.
Restaurants, like the ubiquitous local chain Zippy's, and stores like Foodland Super Market, Hawaii's biggest locally owned grocery retailer, have added local beef to their offerings in the past two years.
But herds have shrunk 20 percent to 30 percent statewide in the past eight years, said Richards, who is also president of the Hawaii Cattlemen's Association.
Ranchers have cut back in part because of a multiyear drought covering parts of the islands. This year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture declared drought disasters for all four counties in Hawaii. Kauai became the latest to be declared a drought zone, last week.
Maui Cattle Co., a partnership of several local ranchers who supply grocers, including Whole Foods Market, has been particularly hard hit. The company has been sending 18 animals to market each week, reducing its herd by 60 percent since June 2011. It has let more than half of its employees go and now has only six.
Maui Cattle is in the black, but there's a "very good chance" it will lose money next year, said Alex Franco, the company's managing director.
Help may be on the way.
Ulupono Initiative, a for-profit investment group with a mission to develop more local foods at affordable prices, is paying to test irrigation on pastures on the Big Island. Cattle raised on that property will be compared with animals raised on non-irrigated grass.
The group says the study's purpose is to improve the quality of grass-fed beef more than to respond to drought. Even so, irrigation could help ranchers make it through the dry spell.
Franco said he's anxious to see the outcome of this study, which will be done in May.
"If we had economical irrigated pasture available to us on Maui, our ranchers wouldn't have to ship away their calves," he said. "It's important that we really look into the viability of that."
Maui Cattle also is looking into whether cattle could eat alternative feed that ranchers could get cheaply. A company growing vegetation for biofuels on Maui produces a high-protein byproduct cattle could eat. But it's unclear whether consumers would be willing to buy local beef from cows that were not grass-fed.
"Our customers may consider this is a better option than having no cattle and no cattle industry," Franco said.
Linda Cox, a University of Hawaii professor who has studied the state's cattle industry for decades, said the drought is so bad that she's worried whether ranchers can stay in business.
Miles of pasture in Waimea on the Big Island are now bare dirt, she said. Buying feed is too expensive for most ranchers, she said, and installing irrigation equipment and buying water is costly.
"I'm really praying for rain is about all I can say about it," Cox said.


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Visualizing How Our Brains Make Visual Meaning of Our World
Posted by The Situationist Staff on December 26, 2012
Information designer Tom Wujec talks through three areas of the brain that help us understand words, images, feelings, connections. In this short talk from TEDU, he asks: How can we best engage our brains to help us better understand big ideas?
Related Situationist posts:
- The Situation of Human Vision
- Beau Lotto on the Situation of Sight,
- The Situation of Sight,
- Brain Magic,
- Magic is in the Mind, and
- The Situation of Illusion
Click here for a collection of posts on illusion.


text: The Thai amulets that created in an image of Lord Buddha meditation were made to explain the Dharma of Buddha and believed to bless every life in this world for good karma. Phra Somdej Wat Rakhang amulet is the top of the five most famous Thai amulets. There are many molds with various compositions. In this work, it was the first time that X-ray fluorescence spectrometry methods; scanning electron microscope cooperated with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) were carried out to analyze their compositions. Two samples were collected from different molds. Results revealed C, Ca and Si were main composition. The differences in their compositions have been used to identify and characterize for each molds.


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In general, a rate transition exists between two blocks if their sample times differ, that is, if either of their sample-time vector components are different. The exceptions are:
Blocks that output constant value never have a rate transition with any other rate.
A continuous sample time (black) and the fastest discrete rate (red) never has a rate transition if you use a fixed-step solver.
A variable sample time and fixed in minor step do not have a rate transition.
You can resolve rate transitions manually by inserting rate transition blocks and by using two diagnostic tools. For the single-tasking execution mode, the Single task rate transition diagnostic allows you to set the level of Simulink® rate transition messages. The Multitask rate transition diagnostic serves the same function for multitasking execution mode. These execution modes directly relate to the type of solver in use: Variable-step solvers are always single-tasking; fixed-step solvers may be explicitly set as single-tasking or multitasking.
Simulink can detect mismatched rate transitions in a multitasking model during an update diagram and automatically insert Rate Transition blocks to handle them. To enable this, in the Solver pane of model configuration parameters, select Automatically handle rate transition for data transfer. The default setting for this option is off. When you select this option:
Simulink handles transitions between periodic sample times and asynchronous tasks.
Simulink inserts hidden Rate Transition blocks in the block diagram.
Automatically inserted Rate Transition blocks operate in
protected mode for periodic tasks and asynchronous tasks. You cannot alter
this behavior. For periodic tasks, automatically inserted Rate Transition
blocks operate with the level of determinism specified by the
transfer parameter in the Solver pane.
The default setting is
possible, which enables
determinism for data transfers between periodic sample-times that are
related by an integer multiple. For more information, see Deterministic data transfer. To use other modes, you must insert Rate Transition
blocks and set their modes manually.
When you select the Automatically handle rate transition for data transfer option, Simulink inserts Rate Transition blocks in the paths that have mismatched transition rates. These blocks are hidden by default. To visualize the inserted blocks, update the diagram. Badge labels appear in the model and indicate where Simulink inserted Rate Transition blocks during the compilation phase. For example, in this model, three Rate Transition blocks were inserted between the two Sine Wave blocks and the Multiplexer and Integrator when the model compiled. The ZOH and DbBuf badge labels indicate these blocks.
You can show or hide badge labels. On the Debug tab, select Information Overlays > Automatic Rate Transitions.
To configure the hidden Rate Transition blocks, right click on a badge label and click on Insert rate transition block to make the block visible.
When you make hidden Rate Transition blocks visible:
You can see the type of Rate Transition block inserted as well as the location in the model.
You can set the Initial Conditions of these blocks.
You can change data transfer and sample time block parameters.
Validate the changes to your model by updating your diagram.
Displaying inserted Rate Transition blocks is not compatible with:
Concurrent execution environment
To learn more about the types of Rate Transition blocks, see Rate Transition.
Suppose you automatically insert rate transition blocks and there is a virtual block specifying sample time upstream of the block you insert. You cannot click the badge of the inserted block to configure the block and make it visible because the sample time on the virtual block causes a rate transition as well. In this case, manually insert a rate transition block before the virtual block. To learn more about virtual blocks, see Nonvirtual and Virtual Blocks.


text:
Brief SummaryRead full entry
BiologyWoodlice feed on dead organic matter, which they detect by means of taste and smell (3). The common woodlouse is gregarious, and typically spends the day concealed beneath stones, logs and other objects. When threatened, this species defends itself by clamping down onto the surface; the feet can grip the substrate very tightly, and this woodlouse is able to cling on tenaciously (3). Mating tends to take place at night, and is very rarely observed for this reason. When a male finds a receptive female, he climbs onto her back and drums her with his front legs whilst 'licking' her head with his mouthparts. He moves to one side of the female, bending his body beneath hers, and transfers sperm to one of the female's genital openings. He then moves to the other side and transfers sperm to the remaining genital opening (3). During the breeding season, reproductive females develop a 'brood pouch', which consists of overlapping leaf-like structures known as 'oostegites', which form a false floor below the body. The fertilised eggs pass into this fluid-filled chamber and the young crawl out of the brood pouch when they are fully developed. They undergo a series of moults before reaching maturity, growing at each stage; the stages between these moults are known as'stadia', and are generally similar in structure and appearance. Mature woodlice continue to moult; prior to moulting, the calcium contained in the old cuticle is removed and stored as conspicuous white blotches, these blotches disappear after moulting as the calcium is used to reinforce the new cuticle (3). The rear part of the body moults a few days before the front half, and occasionally woodlice may be seen with half a pinkish body and half a 'usual' grey body for this reason (5). The discarded cuticle is frequently eaten by the newly moulted woodlouse (2).


text:
By Lillian Pearl Bridges
The foundational principle of Chinese Medicine is the concept of "Jing", which is often described as our constitutional makeup. Jing includes all physical inheritance along with the talents and abilities and potential that has been passed down from ancestors. It can also be described as the unique and personal mixture of strengths or predispositions for deficiencies in physical, emotional and mental abilities combined with an equally unusual assortment of personality traits. Each person is born with an intrinsic amount of Jing, or inherited constitution. Jing is like the battery that each person is given to live from for the rest of his or her life. People's batteries may be different sizes, but they all start out fully charged. Likewise, some people are born with very strong constitutions and others start out with more delicacy. However, what is most important is how well you guard this vital energy no matter how much energy you start out with.
Therefore, protecting and safeguarding Jing is one of the most important teachings of Chinese Medicine. Overuse of Jing leads to injuries and illnesses and preserving Jing, which enhances health and encourages longevity. So the first thing to find out is how much intrinsic Jing you have and then look for clues about how you are managing it and Chinese Face Reading has just the clues to help you find out.
The best way to measure Jing is from the cartilage of the upper ear. If you grasp it firmly between your fingers and then pull it a bit back and forth, you can get an idea of how stiff and strong it is. Ideally, the ear cartilage should be fairly stiff, but with a slight ability to bend. This means that there is a good amount of inherent Jing. Softer, thinner and more flexible ears have less strength, but are still considered healthy. The difference is that people with very strong Jing get sick less often, if they get sick at all and have the ability to live longer than people with ears that are flimsier. However, this is only if they take care of their Jing. Medium ears still give a fairly strong constitution, but the person who possesses these ears gets sick easier and more often. This is not to say that they will die younger, for if they manage their Jing well, they may in fact live longer than someone who has very strong ears. This is because Jing Management is the most important aspect of longevity.
Many times, people who have strong constitutions don't pay attention to the warning signs and allow minor problems to become big problems. People who have been sick more often in their lives usually know not only how to take care of themselves when they become sick, they often know how to defuse an illness by taking good care of themselves when they feel the initial symptoms. This is preventative medicine and a crucial aspect of good health. So, it is actually much less important how much Jing you started out with than how well you take care of it.
However, everyone has to use Jing over a lifetime. The key is to not overuse it too fast or illnesses or injuries occur at too young of an age. I call this "Jing Blowout." Jing is supposed to be used gradually and whenever it is overused, it is necessary to make Qi to buffer the use of Jing. And, ancient Chinese Medicine has only two ways to make Jing and other ways to preserve it.
The first way to make Qi to preserve Jing is by eating food. Good food transforms into energy, but not just any food will do. The ancient Chinese believed that a line on the bridge of the nose between the eyes indicated the need to eat appropriately for your body's needs. I was taught by my Chinese Grandmother that food had to excite the palate and energetically expand with a kind of joy when you eat it because it tastes so good and feels so satisfying. It could really be any kind of food, but your body had to want it at that time and you had to provide it. She believed that you didn't need to eat a lot of it and that it didn't make you gain weight because it was so right for you. It is also very different from the kind of craving that you have based on emotional needs, where you can't eat enough and then feel somewhat sick afterwards. Instead this kind of eating is satiating and enjoyable. It also makes more energy to live on so that you don't have to use up more Jing.
The second way to make Qi is to by breathing. A marking across the philtrum between the nose and the mouth is a sign that this kind of Qi needs to be made. This is not just regular breathing, breath only transforms when you get to the place called the "time between breaths" where you don't need to breathe in so deeply for a short while and inspires creativity and spirituality. Only then does breath transform into Qi. Now there are many ways of breathing deeply and all are good, but I was taught a very simple method that involved breathing out longer than you breathed in to detoxify the body and fully oxygenate the blood. Singing was a very natural example of this better kind of breathing. And, when you breathe this way for only a little while, it gets you back into the present numinous moment where anything is possible and the upwelling of creativity emerges. This is such a necessary place to live for all creative people.
Finally, in order to preserve the most Jing and QI, it is necessary to live a more regular life with adequate rest and sleep. This is much more important than most people realize and the entire beginning of the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Chinese Medicine is devoted to this topic. The kidneys, which are associated with Jing need to be laying down to rest and the brain and the emotions need to be quiet. If enough rest and sleep is not achieved, then it is important to meditate and take breaks from acitivity.
Although these ancient tips for health and longevity are easy to understand, they are much harder to put into practice. If you try to live this way, I guarantee that you will feel more energetic and hopefully live longer too.
Remember to always consult a licensed healthcare practitioner before embarking on any treatment, it's your health and it's IMPORTANT. _URL_


WhatsApp kids!
When we were kids, when we missed our school or wanted to complete our incomplete book, we would go to school and ask our fellow classmates for their notebooks and complete our work. Our moms didn't bother to get the notes for us. Even when my son was in junior classes, he used to do that. And then came WhatsApp! Yes, it became very helpful in getting information about notes, notices, timetables, etc. But somewhere that is making the kids complacent as they leave it to their moms to get the notes for them. Here, I am talking about students of class 5-6 onwards who are capable enough of copying notes from their classmates. More than the kids, I see the moms getting worked up about notes, notices, and timetables.
Let the kids learn to take the onus! If they miss something, if they are inattentive in the class let them face the consequences of it at least once. I might sound harsh but it will make them responsible. When the kids are old enough to play mobile games and chat on WhatsApp, they are capable enough to get their own notes and other information. Of course, the WhatsApp mom groups are always there to help. But let that only be help and not make a habit of spoon-feeding the kids.
Today its the notes, tomorrow it will be something else; let them be responsible for their own stuff.
One thought on "WhatsApp kids!
 1. I tend to agree with you more than kids their mothers get excited and anxious about pending homework. Many parents do the homework, some even get it done. Now many schools say explicitly that children should not have access to cell phones. Yet they send homework in WhatsApp groups! Why cannot they assign homework to students in the class itself?
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Water Hemlock
Water Hemlock
Alternate names
Cowbane, Poison parsley, poison parsnip
Toxicity to pets
Water hemlock, which is also called Cowbane, poison parsnip, or poison parsley, is often referred to as the most violently toxic plant in the United States. Water hemlock is considered a natural wildflower and prefers wet areas, such as irrigation ditches, marshes, damp areas in pastures, and riverbanks. Water hemlock contains the toxins cicutoxin and cicutol, which affect the neurons in the brain and central nervous system. All parts of the plant are poisonous, with the roots containing the highest concentration of the toxin. It is highly poisonous to horses, and only takes about 0.2 to 2 lbs hemlock root per 1,000 lbs of a horse's body weight to cause death. Clinical signs include drooling, dilated pupils, weakness, agitation, nervousness, twitching, seizures, cardiac abnormalities, difficult breathing, and death from respiratory paralysis.
Content written by: Dr. Lynn Hovda, DVM, RPH, MS, DACVIM, Pet Poison Helpline
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let and ContentServer page cache fragment knows which assets are used when rendering the page. This information is used during publishing to clean up the cache for the published assets. This means that if a pagelet is rendered with 2 assets, only those two assets can cause the pagelet to be invalidated. If 200 assets are used whilst rendering that pagelet, any of those 200 can cause the pagelet to be invalidated. This means that it is more likely that this pagelet will be uncached with the corresponding need to re-render. If you find that pagelets get flushed too often and they are expensive to re-render, you may want to split them, considering all off the above. There is a special compositional dependency called unknowndeps that would cause a pagelet to always be invalidated upon publish.
 - It allows to switch between cached and uncached fragments on a page. Maybe you want to show something in the MainContent that is personalized, so you can configure Layout and the articles to be cached, and the MainContent to be uncached. With just ContentServer page caching this is not possible.
 - The default style=pagelet from render:calltemplate tag is far from optimal in every case. With less pagelets per page you will get better repsonse times and throughput.
 - If you have uncached pagelets on a page, Co-Resident SatelliteServer is likely to give better responsetimes than Remote SatelliteServer.
 - When tuning constantly ask the question: is the application CPU or memory bound. How can I take that bottleneck away.
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text:
- Educate the Princeton community about the ethical options that underlie their apparel choices.
- Motivate individuals to act on their values and their rationality.
- Inspire people to think of their smallest actions as having the potential to contribute to human welfare.
- Connect people to organizations and companies that compensate workers with a living wage.
To educate organizations and individuals on the importance of a "living wage" and to connect those who want to start making a difference to organizations that work specifically with living wage contractors by emphasizing the morality and rationality of buying living wage made products.


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I have a class WorkerPool that has an array declared as
private $live_resources = array();
In the class there is a loop that under a certain condition, adds an item to the array like this
$this->live_resources[$id] = 0;
After this there is a worker started as a new process. Once the worker has completed a task, it calls the method on WorkerPool called live_fixture_processed() by way of a callback. The callback is defined as
$callback = array($this, 'live_fixture_processed');
Then the callback is called in the worker by
call_user_func($callback, $id);
This method changes the value in the array like this
$this->live_resources[$id] = 1;
It then calls another method that uses that array, and the change to the array looks to have been successful.
Meanwhile the class continues on its loop, and after a while it gets to using the $this->live resources array, but the value has reverted to 0!
I have also added a string variable
private $called = ''
that is also set in the callback, but in the subsequent loop has not been changed either. Is there an issue with the scope of a private variable used in a callback?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Short answer: I can't do this.
Long answer: I was forgetting that the worker is in fact a separate physical process to the workerpool running process. What I am doing may appear to work, but that is because when the child process is forked from the pool process it contains all the code of the original parent process, but it is now just running its own event loop. If I need the child processes to communicate anything more than a simple exit signal back to the parent workerpool process I had to use some form of IPC (Inter Process Communication)
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text:
Julie Andrews / Marty Green
TELL IT AGAIN
"Tell it again, tell it again,
Tell it just the same.
The very same people,
The very same story,
And call it the very same name."
The nursery rhyme is the novel and light reading of the infant scholar. It occupies, with respect to the ABC, the position of the romance which relieves the mind from the cares of a riper age.'
Halliwell-Phillips, The Nursery Rhymes of England (1886)
Children always want to hear their favorite songs and stories repeated, and "just the same way". If a word or an inflection is changed, the spell is broken. This record is for them. But "Tell It Again" is also for their parents - and their sisters, and their cousins, and their aunts; for all grown-ups who, introducing these magic rhymes to children, share their cultural heritage with a new generation with the added pleasure of reliving the happy hours of their own childhood. The boys and girls who entered the enchanted world of nursery rhyme with older members of the family will, later in life, identify this early experience with those adults lovingly brought to them the cherished treasures of childhood.
Julie Laurence, producer of the record, is - despite her youth - an authority on children's records. She has lectured at schools and talked about them on television. She has helped prepare the catalogue of circulating children's records for the New York Public Library. For "Tell It Again" she did extensive research so that the rhymes would be as authentic as they are entertaining. For example, "Multiplication is vexation" was found in a manuscript dated 1570: "Thirty days hath September" in an old play, "The Return from Parnassus", printed in 1606. When there was a choice of versions, she chose the older; in the case of "Rock-a-by Baby" the original verse was not only prettier but in it "father's a nobleman and mother's a queen" and baby does not fall from a tree-top. The only lyrics which Julie Laurence wrote herself are "Tell It Again" and the Prayer at the end.
Most of the things which interest children are in "Tell It Again". There are play songs and learning songs, riddles and nonsense rhymes, animals and the familiar objects of a child's life. "We all had fun making the record," says Julie Laurence. "We hope the whole family will have fun listening."
The music for "Tell It Again" was written for this recording. Through simple melodies and varied rhythms it seeks to recapture the wit and humor, charm and freshness which have made these ryhmes the joy of children for generations. To please young ears, instruments were chosen for which children themselves show a marked preference.
The composer and percussion player is the musician known as MOONDOG. His blind, bearded figure, in blanket-robe and sandals, is a familiar sight in midtown New York. With the sidewalk as concert platform, he performs his own music on strange instruments, fascinating professional musicians as well as casual passersby. Born Louis Hardin in Kansas, Moondog studied music at a school for the blind. But his special feeling for and use of percussion instruments was learned from the Indians with whom he grew up in the West.
The flutist JULIUS BAKER was born in Cleveland and was graduated from the Curtis Institute of Music. He played four seasons with the Cleveland Orchestra, two with the Pittsburgh Symphony, nine with the CBS Symphony until it was disbanded, and then with the Chicago Symphony. He is now on the faculty of the Juilliard School of Music and is a founder-member of the Bach Aria Group.
Julie Andrews says she enjoyed making this record of her favorite nursery rhymes. It reminded her of home in England and her three younger brothers to whom she would sing songs and read stories at bedtime. The recording also was for her a happy opportunity to know and work with one of the figures of the English stage whom she greatly admired - Martyn Green.
The young girl who became world famous overnight in "My Fair Lady" was born to the theatre. Her father and mother were a musical hall act. Julie began studying singing at seven and at twelve gave hints of her destiny singing an aria from "Mignon" at London's Hippodrome "in a true, sweet soprano". Her stage experience was confined to holiday roles in pantomimes until, in "Cinderella", she caught the eye of Vida Hope, director of "The Boy Friend", who promptly whisked her to New York. Since March 1956, when she opened on Broadway in "My Fair Lady" - the now legendary musical based on Shaw's "Pygmalion" - audiences have swooned with delight over her portrayal of the Cockney flower girl who learned to become a great lady. In "Tell It Again" Julie Andrews has slipped away from Spain, where "the rain stays mainly in the plain", to the Never-Never-Land where hurricanes never happen and where gardens grow silver bells and cats go to London to visit the Queen. Shedding Eliza Doolittle and her phonetic troubles, she left all tongue-twisters - such as "Betty Botter bought some butter" - to Martyn Green and sings, with simple charm and water-pure diction, about Mary and her Lamb, Little Bo-Peep and her Sheep and Miss Muffet and the Spider.
Martyn Green likes singing and acting for children. They make wonderful audiences, he says. During his many years of Gilbert and Sullivan in England and America, matinees were virtually children's performances, with houses packed with intent, responsive young people. In recording "Tell It Again", Martyn Green recalled that his first appearance on the stage was when he was eight, in a Christmas pantomime with his sister. He sang "Polly Put the Kettle On". To this day he not only remembers hundreds of nursery rhymes but also composes nonsense verses and songs for his friends' children.
The son of William Green, famous English tenor of the turn of the century, Martyn studied singing under Gustave Garcia, whose father had been the teacher of Jenny Lind. He joined the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1923, later succeeding Sir Henry Lytton in the comic role. He made many tours of the United States with the company before leaving it in 1951. He fought in the first World War, enlisting at fifteen; in the second he served in the British equivalent of America's USO until he received a direct commission in the Royal Air Force. In recent years he has starred on Broadway, has been featured in TV and in the film "The Gilbert and Sullivan Story". His autobiography is entitled "Here's a How-de-do".
Julius Baker, Flute - Music and Percussion by Moondog
Produced by Young Record World for Angel Records.
Continuity and direction by Julie Laurence.
Al Gifford from Washington DC, USA, told us the following story:
"I talked to Julius Baker shortly after he recorded it and he told me that Julie Andrews had a great deal of trouble with the rythmic complexity and the recording session was lengthy as a result. I guess she is a typical soprano, no sense of rythm."


text:
Sustainability and regional development - integrated land use and transport planning
The aim for studies in this subject area is to improve knowledge of the driving forces forming the urban and regional structure as well as the role of integrated land use and transport planning in the quest for environmentally sustainable urban development.
Urban structure - urban space and urban atmosphere
The aim for studies in this subject area is to develop knowledge about the built environment and the generation of local cultural expression.
Dwelling in a mobile society
The aim for studies in this subject area is to develop knowledge about neighborhood planning in relation to mobility infrastructure and the practice of daily life.
Architectural morphology - urban redevelopment and architectural heritage
The aim for studies in this subject area is to give an understanding of how the existing built environment should be preserved and renewed, ensuring sustenance of the inherent qualities of places, while allowing for development.
Urban growth and public transportation
The aim for studies in this subject area is to examine the effects of urban growth on public transportation and its ability to serve general transportation needs. Driven by the flexibility of the private car, urban land use has spread drastically during the decades following the Second World War. This development has put linear public transport in a difficult position. Renewed interest in urban life style and the need to limit the use of energy is opening a new era for public urban transportation
Societal safety - infrastructure and planning
The aim for studies in this subject area is to focus on the significance of planning and regulation in relation to societal safety. The research is related to events, strains and stresses exposed on society.
The identification of vulnerability associated with different infrastructure systems and the understanding of complex interrelations between political and environmental systems characteristic of infrastructure are two of the main emphases within the program.
The provision of infrastructure in relation to societal safety, theories of infrastructure planning in relation to land use and transport planning, ethical dimensions of planning discourse, methods to reduce and mitigate risk associated with infrastructure planning.
More about us
The Urban Design Group also offers study programmes. For more information, visit the Urban Design Group homepage a the Department of Industrial Economics, Risk Management and Planning.


Is Cheating A Criminal Offense?
Is adultery a criminal Offence?
Where else is adultery a criminal offence.
Why adultery is not a crime?
The bench held that adultery can be treated as civil wrong for dissolution of marriage. There can't be any social licence which destroys a home, the CJI said, but added that adultery should not be a criminal offence. … He said Section 497 is held to be unconstitutional as adultery is manifestly arbitrary.
How common is cheating in marriage?
Does cheating spouse affect divorce?
While some spouses may get some personal satisfaction out of filing a divorce decree stating their spouse has had an affair, it generally does not influence factors like alimony, division of property, or child custody issues.
How do I get over adultery in my marriage?
Mending a broken marriageTake some time. Before choosing to continue or end your marriage, take the time to heal and understand what was behind the affair. … Be accountable. If you were unfaithful, take responsibility for your actions. … Get help from different sources. … Consult a marriage counselor. … Restore trust.
What kind of evidence do you need to prove adultery?
You do not need to actually catch your spouse in the act with someone else. Instead, you generally need to prove that your spouse had the opportunity and inclination to commit adultery. However, your circumstantial evidence must be sufficiently definite that you can pinpoint the time and place of the adultery.
What are the sins that God will not forgive you for?
What is the consequences of adultery?
Can you sue someone for cheating in a marriage?
The scorned spouse could sue you. Yes, you read that right. … They're known as "alienation of affection" suits, when an "outsider" interferes in a marriage. The suits are allowed in seven states: Hawaii, Illinois, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Dakota and Utah.
Can text messages be subpoenaed in divorce?
What is God's punishment for adultery?
What is considered cheating in court?
The legal term for cheating on a spouse is often referred to as adultery. It is a voluntary relationship established between an individual who is married and someone who is not the individual's married partner without the partner knowing.
Does wife get alimony if she cheated?
What's the difference between adultery and fornication?


I took $3$ random polynomials with non zero roots one having even degree and two having odd degrees
 1. $f(x)=\color{red}{4}x^2-(4\sqrt3+12)x+12\sqrt3$ having roots $\color{blue}{3,\sqrt3}$ and leading coefficient $\color{red}{4}$ and calculated values of $xf'(x)$$(f'(x)$ is the derivative of $f(x))$ at both roots which are $3f'(3)$ and $\sqrt3f'(\sqrt3)$ and then sum of their reciprocals $\frac1{3f'(3)}+\frac1{\sqrt3f'(\sqrt3)}=\frac{-1}{12\sqrt3}=\frac{-1}{\color{red}{4}}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{3\cdot\sqrt3}}\right)$ then repeated same thing for
 2. $g(x)=\color{red}{1}x^3-\frac{20}{3}x^2-12x+\frac{32}{3}$ having roots $\color{blue}{8,-2,\frac{2}{3}}$
 $\frac1{8g'(8)}+\frac1{-2g'(-2)}+\frac1{\frac{2}{3}g'(\frac2 3)}=\frac{1}{\color{red}{1}}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{8\cdot-2\cdot\frac2 3}}\right)$
 3. $h(x)=\color{red}{1}x^5+41x^4+137x^3-1601x^2-1818x+3240 $ having roots $\color{blue}{1,-2,5,-9,-36}$
 $\frac1{1h'(1)}+\frac1{-2h'(-2)}+\frac1{5h'(5)}+\frac1{-9h'(-9)}+\frac1{-36h'(-36)}=\frac{1}{\color{red}{1}}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1\cdot-2 \cdot5\cdot-9\cdot-36}}\right)$
Is this true for all polynomials? Is there any known result?
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ If the polynomial has a double root, then it is a root of its derivative, and the expression is not well-defined. $\endgroup$ – Daniel Aug 16 '19 at 17:06
 - $\begingroup$ You want to show that $\sum\limits_{i=1}^m\frac{a_0}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^nja_jx_i^j}=(-1)^{\deg p}$ where $p(x_i)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^na_kx_i^k=0$ with $m\le n$. $\endgroup$ – TheSimpliFire Aug 16 '19 at 17:22
This results from partial fraction decomposition.
Suppose $g(x)$ has no repeated roots, and without loss of generality is monic (leading coefficient $1$). Then it factors as $\displaystyle g(x)=\prod_{r}(x-r)$ over all roots $r$ and
$$ \frac{1}{g(x)}=\sum_{r}\frac{c(r)}{x-r} $$
for some constants $c(r)$, one for each root $r$. To find the constant $c(s)$ for a specific root $s$, first multiply the equation by the factor $(x-s)$,
$$ \frac{x-s}{g(x)}=c(s)+\sum_{r\ne s} c(r)\frac{x-s}{x-r} $$
then "evaluate" i.e. take the limit $x\to s$ to obtain
$$ \frac{1}{g'(s)}=c(s). $$
Therefore we may plug $x=0$ into
$$ \frac{1}{g(x)} =\sum_{r} \frac{1}{g'(r)(x-r)} $$
and manage negative signs to get
$$ \frac{(-1)^{\deg g}}{\displaystyle \prod r} = -\sum_{r} \frac{1}{rg'(r)}. $$
When $\deg g$ is odd, all signs can go away.
 - $\begingroup$ Beautiful! And I managed to understand all steps! $\endgroup$ – Zamu Aug 16 '19 at 23:22
It is true for all polynomials with non-zero simple roots.
This follows from the barycentric form of Lagrange interpolation: $$ L(x)=\ell (x)\sum _{j=1}^{n}{\frac {w_{j}}{x-x_{j}}}y_{j} $$ where $$ \ell (x)=(x-x_{1})(x-x_{1})\cdots (x-x_{n}), \quad w_{j}={\frac {1}{\ell '(x_{j})}} $$ Therefore, for the constant function $1$ evaluated at $x=0$ we have $$ 1= L(0) = -\ell (0)\sum _{j=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{x_{j}\ell '(x_{j})}} $$ For a polynomial $f$ with simple roots $x_1, \dots, x_n$, we have $$ f(x)=a(x-x_{1})(x-x_{1})\cdots (x-x_{n})=a\ell (x) $$ and so $$ \sum _{j=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{x_{j}f'(x_{j})}} =\sum _{j=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{x_{j}a\ell '(x_{j})}} =-\frac{1}{a\ell(0)} =-\frac{1}{(-1)^{n}ax_1 \cdots x_n} =\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{ax_1 \cdots x_n} $$ This can also be written as $$ \sum _{j=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{x_{j}f'(x_{j})}} =-\frac{1}{f(0)} $$
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text:
Non-binary people can face harassment in gendered bathrooms because they dress differently than the way people who typically use the bathroom they're in, or because they do dress the same, but their sex assigned at birth doesn't match their gender. No one should have to worry about their safety when all they want to do is use the toilet. If every school had gender-neutral bathrooms, non-binary students can just use those and skip the whole harassment deal.People who are non-binary often are forced to choose between male and female bathrooms. If someone feels that they are neither of those, then it is unjust to make them use one of them. That's like making someone who doesn't like skirts choose between wearing pencil skirts and loose skirts their whole lives. If someone is non-binary, then they should be able to go to a bathroom that is for their gender.
If there are gender-neutral bathrooms that non-binary students can go to, they might be less likely to fear harassment, and more able to focus on schoolwork. Non-binary students should be able to focus as much as any other student on their work, and having only gender binary bathrooms can cause those students to have to worry about being intensely bullied. Every student deserves to be able to focus entirely on school.


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Oracle® Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Imaging and Process Management
11g Release 1 (11.1.1)
Part Number E12783-02
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2 Understanding Applications and Metadata
This section explains what an application is and provides an overview of how metadata is defined and subsequently associated with documents managed by Oracle I/PM. It contains the following topics:
2.1 Understanding Applications
Applications are the core of Oracle I/PM. Consider an application as a type of management container for documents. You select an application to use when uploading documents to Oracle I/PM and that application determines what information, or metadata, is associated with the uploaded document. The associated metadata may be visible to you and require you to input information into a form, such as entering an invoice number for the document, or the metadata may be invisible to you and used by the Oracle I/PM system, such as the security permissions required to retrieve the document. Each application has a different set of metadata, called a definition, which is determined by the person creating the application. An application definition is used to:
2.2 Understanding Metadata
Metadata is the set of information associated with a document at the time the document is uploaded to Oracle I/PM and is specified by the application used to upload the document. Metadata is different for each type of document because each type of document is uploaded using a different application. The metadata defined in each application is different because it is determined by the business need and agreed upon by the people responsible for the business process. Metadata can be visible to you, such as the information you enter when uploading or searching for a document, or it may be invisible to you and used by the Oracle I/PM system, such as security settings allowing access to the document, or a workflow that must be initiated when the document is uploaded.
2.2.1 Visible Metadata
Metadata can include invoice numbers, dates, company names, and any other information required by a business process. For example, invoice numbers may be tracked for invoices, but not for vendor contracts, job applications, or loan applications. The person creating the application determines the metadata fields used throughout the Oracle I/PM interface. This visible metadata is displayed on forms used when uploading documents, or on search forms used for retrieving documents. For example, the Accounting and Shipping departments for Corporate Car Rental may agree that lease metadata should include the following information which will allow both departments to access the required information to complete their jobs:
 - Lease number
 - Car Delivery Date
 - Lease Expiration Date
 - Amount Due
You would fill in values for these fields on a form used to upload lease documents, and the metadata can be indexed and used to search for and retrieve documents from the repository.
2.2.2 System Metadata
An application definition also includes information that you cannot see when uploading or searching for a document, but is necessary for the document to move through a business process. Such metadata includes permissions to retrieve and view a document, information regarding the document storage and archiving, and whether or not the document must go through a workflow. This metadata is not something you control, but is defined in the application by the person creating the application based on the needs of the business process for which the application is being used.
2.3 Associating Metadata with Documents
Each time a document is uploaded to Oracle I/PM, it is put into an application that has been designed for that type of document. If uploaded through a scanning station or other automated process, the metadata values are specified and populated during the upload process. If you are uploading the document manually, you choose the application to use and the application displays a form listing the metadata for which you can specify values. The values you specify in the form are the values for the metadata associated with the document as it is uploaded. Whether the metadata values are specified automatically during an automated upload or by you when you upload the document manually, the values are indexed and can then be used to search for and retrieve documents.
For example, when uploading an invoice, you might select an application named Invoices, which displays a form that includes a field for Invoice Number. When you enter the invoice number into the field and upload the document, that value gets indexed. To retrieve the document, you can select Invoices under your Searches panel and enter the value into the Invoice Number field in the search form. Because the value was indexed when the document was uploaded, Oracle I/PM finds it and displays it in the viewer.
2.4 Searching Document Metadata
The metadata associated with documents when they are uploaded can be used as criteria to search for and retrieve documents from Oracle I/PM. All fields are searchable, but not all fields may be made available to you on a search form.
The person creating a search creates it in a way similar to creating an application. The person creating the search determines what metadata fields you see in a search form. Each search is displayed in the Searches panel of the Navigator pane. Clicking a search link displays a form requesting search parameter metadata associated with the type of documents you are searching for. Because an application determines the metadata to be used as search criteria, most search options in Oracle I/PM have a direct correlation with the application in which a document resides. For example, if there is an application named "Leases" for uploading leases, then there is likely a search named "Current Leases" that displays a search form to enter criteria to find lease documents within a certain date range. However if necessary, a single search form can be created to be used to search across multiple applications.
Depending on how Oracle I/PM is configured, document content (full text) may also be made available for searching. For example, text from a leasing contract may get indexed when the lease is uploaded to Oracle I/PM, enabling you to search for words or phrases from within the lease. Like metadata, searches for the full text of documents is done using a field on the search form when the search is created. If you are uncertain whether your version of Oracle I/PM supports full text searching, ask your system administrator.


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now() gives me
datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 6, 5, 27, 23, 662390)
How do I get just datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 6, 5, 27, 0, 0) (the datetime object) where everything after minutes is zero?
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3 Answers
up vote 21 down vote accepted
dt.replace( second=0, microsecond=0)
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Note that this is just a value and does not alter dt - if that's what you want then also assign it back to dt. – John Mee Jun 30 '11 at 4:00
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You can use datetime.replace to obtain a new datetime object without the seconds and microseconds:
the_time = datetime.now()
the_time = the_time.replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
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or the_time= datetime.now().replace(second=0, microsecond=0) – tzot Aug 4 '10 at 11:05
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I know it's quite old question, but I haven't found around any really complete answer so far.
There's no need to create a datetime object first and subsequently manipulate it.
dt = datetime.now().replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
will return the desired object
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text:
Contec PIO-32/32L(PCI)H Digital Output block (not recommended)
Simulink® Real-Time™ Library of Drivers No Longer Recommended for Use.
To open this library, type
xpcobsoletelib in the Command
I/O Module Output
Block Input Data Type
>0.5 = TTL high
Bit set = TTL high
From the list, select either
32 1-bit Channels — Indicates that
the channel vector specifies the configuration of the block.
Each output is a double with value of 0 or 1. The value is 0
when the input voltage is low.
Single 32-bit Port — Indicates that
the output from the block is a 32-bit integer where
all 32 bits on the board
feed into the single output. The least significant bit is the
lowest numbered bit in the manufacturer documentation.
32 1-bit Channels mode only) Enter a vector of
numbers to specify the output channels. For example, to use the first
and third digital output channels, enter
The channel numbers can occur in arbitrary order, but the numbers must be in the range 1 to 32.
The initial value vector contains the initial voltage values for the output channels. Enter a scalar or a vector that is the same length as the channel vector. If you specify a scalar value, that value is replicated as the initial value over the channel vector. The channels are set to the initial values between the time the model is downloaded and the time it is started.
The final action vector controls the behavior of the channel at model
termination. Enter a scalar or a vector that is the same length as the
channel vector. If you specify a scalar value, that setting is
replicated over the channel vector. If you specify a value of
1, the corresponding channel is reset to the
value specified in the initial value vector. If you specify a value of
-1, the block sets the channel to the value
specified in the Final value vector value for that
channel. If you specify a value of
0, the channel
remains at the last value attained while the model was running.
The final value vector contains the final value for each output channel. Enter a scalar or a vector that is the same length as the channel vector. If you specify a scalar value, that setting is replicated over the channel vector. If the Final action vector is -1, the block sets the channel to this value on model termination.
Enter the base sample time or a multiple of the base sample
-1 means sample time is inherited).
If only one board of this type is in the target computer, enter
locate the board.
If two or more boards of this type are in the target computer, enter the bus number and the
PCI slot number of the board associated with this driver block. Use the format
To determine the bus number and the PCI slot number, type:
tg = slrt; getPCIInfo(tg, 'installed')


SI (System Services Interface)
 The -ssi switch allows the passing of parameters to various SSI modules. LAM's SSI modules are described in detail in lamssi(7). SSI
 modules have direct impact on MPI programs because they allow tunable
 parameters to be set at run time (such as which RPI communication device driver to use, what parameters to pass to that RPI, etc.).
 The -ssi switch takes two arguments: and . The argument generally specifies which SSI module will receive the value.
 For example, the "rpi" is used to select which RPI to be used for
 passed. For example:
 mpirun -ssi rpi lamd N foo
 Tells LAM to use the "lamd" RPI and to run a single copy of "foo"
 on every node.
 mpirun -ssi rpi tcp N foo
 Tells LAM to use the "tcp" RPI.
 mpirun -ssi rpi sysv N foo
 Tells LAM to use the "sysv" RPI.
 And so on. LAM's RPI SSI modules are described in lamssi_rpi(7).
 The -ssi switch can be used multiple times to specify different
 Note that the -ssi switch is simply a shortcut for setting environment
 variables. The same effect may be accomplished by setting correspondronment variables that LAM sets are: LAM_MPI_SSI_=.
 Note that the -ssi switch overrides any previously set environment
 variables. Also note that unknown arguments are still set as environment variable -- they are not checked (by mpirun) for correctness.
 Illegal or incorrect arguments may or may not be reported -- it
 depends on the specific SSI module.
 The -ssi switch obsoletes the old -c2c and -lamd switches. These
 switches used to be relevant because LAM could only have two RPI's
 available at a time: the lamd RPI and one of the C2C RPIs. This is no
 longer true -- all RPI's are now available and choosable at run-time.
 Selecting the lamd RPI is shown in the examples above. The -c2c switch
 has no direct translation since "C2C" used to refer to all other RPI's
 that were not the lamd RPI. As such, -ssi rpi must be used to
 select the specific desired RPI (whether it is "lamd" or one of the
 other RPI's).
 Guaranteed Envelope Resources
 By default, LAM will guarantee a minimum amount of message envelope
 buffering to each MPI process pair and will impede or report an error
 to a process that attempts to overflow this system resource. This robustness and debugging feature is implemented in a machine specific
 manner when direct communication is used. For normal LAM communication
 via the LAM daemon, a protocol is used. The -nger option disables GER
 and the measures taken to support it. The minimum GER is configured by
 the system administrator when LAM is installed. See MPI(7) for more
 mpirun N prog1
 Load and execute prog1 on all nodes. Search the user's $PATH for
 the executable file on each node.
 mpirun -c 8 prog1
 Run 8 copies of prog1 wherever LAM wants to run them.
 mpirun n8-10 -v -nw -s n3 prog1 -q
 Load and execute prog1 on nodes 8, 9, and 10. Search for prog1 on
 node 3 and transfer it to the three target nodes. Report as each
 process is created. Give "-q" as a command line to each new process. Do not wait for the processes to complete before exiting
 mpirun -v myapp
 Parse the application schema, myapp, and start all processes specified in it. Report as each process is created.
 mpirun -npty -wd /work/output -x DISPLAY C my_application
 Start one copy of "my_application" on each available CPU. The number of available CPUs on each node was previously specified when
 LAM was booted with lamboot(1). As noted above, mpirun will schedule adjoining rank in MPI_COMM_WORLD on the same node where possible. For example, if n0 has a CPU count of 8, and n1 has a CPU
 count of 4, mpirun will place MPI_COMM_WORLD ranks 0 through 7 on
 n0, and 8 through 11 on n1. This tends to maximize on-node communication for many parallel applications; when used in conjunction
 with the multi-protocol network/shared memory RPIs in LAM (see the
 RELEASE_NOTES and INSTALL files with the LAM distribution), overall
 communication performance can be quite good. Also disable pseudotty support, change directory to /work/output, and export the DISPLAY variable to the new processes (perhaps my_application will invoke an X application such as xv to display output).
 mpirun: Exec format error
 A non-ASCII character was detected in the application schema. This
 is usually a command line usage error where mpirun is expecting an
 application schema and an executable file was given.
 mpirun: syntax error in application schema, line XXX
 The application schema cannot be parsed because of a usage or syntax error on the given line in the file.
 : No such file or directory
 This error can occur in two cases. Either the named file cannot be
 located or it has been found but the user does not have sufficient
 permissions to execute the program or read the application schema.
 mpirun returns 0 if all ranks started by mpirun exit after calling
 MPI_FINALIZE. A non-zero value is returned if an internal error occurred in mpirun, or one or more ranks exited before calling MPI_FINALIZE. If an internal error occurred in mpirun, the corresponding error
 code is returned. In the event that one or more ranks exit before
 calling MPI_FINALIZE, the return value of the rank of the process that
 mpirun first notices died before calling MPI_FINALIZE will be returned.
 Note that, in general, this will be the first rank that died but is not
 guaranteed to be so.
 However, note that if the -nw switch is used, the return value from
 mpirun does not indicate the exit status of the ranks.
 bhost(5), lamexec(1), lamssi(7), lamssi_rpi(7), lamtrace(1), loadgo(1),
 MPIL_Trace_on(2), mpimsg(1), mpitask(1)
LAM 7.1.1 September, 2004 MPIRUN(1)
Man(1) output converted with man2html


text:
CAPE TOWN, South Africa—In geology, old is gold.
According to the local mining lore here, senior geologists tend to do their work the old-fashioned way. They avoid radar technology, preferring instead to examine termite and ant mounds; they study vegetation and carry divining rods. They're famous in the often cutthroat industry for their efficiency—also for wearing neckties in the blistering heat.
"I only hire old geologists," says Norman Slater, managing director of Slater Coal, a South African coal company. People such as Kevin Petzer, a 65-year-old Zimbabwean who still roams South Africa, Mozambique and Namibia from his base in the KwaZulu-Natal province in eastern South Africa.
Mr. Petzer, who emphasizes that he also has mastered conventional scientific methods, studies ant heaps, fossilized worm-burrows and flowers. The Becium homblei, a white and purple flower, grows best on copper-rich soils. So that's a good place to look for the metal. Mr. Petzer says fossilized burrows from certain prehistoric slugs "mean there's no coal below, because those creatures existed before coal formations, and the coal would have covered them up if it was there." Gold and other metals close to the surface sometimes can be found thanks to samples dug out by ants, Mr. Petzer says.
"If an ant heap is a meter high over ground, which is to say, about 3 feet, it's probably digging up material from three to four meters below, so you can collect samples from those ant heaps," said Mr. Petzer, who says that is a constant ratio. In addition to scouting for minerals, he also helps mining companies find water, since they need lots of it to run their mines. For that, he favors the forked branch of a peach tree.
Mr. Petzer "is the best coal geologist I've known," says Mr. Slater, who is currently using him to look for bituminous coal in the Orange Free State.
Mining executives say that while they chuckle about the quirks of older geologists, they recognize the business value of their memory of previous exploratory work, their grasp of complex rock formations and their discipline in knowing how to meticulously chart new territory.
Despite the advent of GPS, radar technology and 3-D computer software, an exquisitely hand-drawn map and carefully collected data often can outdo what a couple of whiz kids can find on a laptop. Since commodity prices are higher than they were several decades ago, deposits once not worth digging up can now be mined at a profit. An older geologist might very well know where they are.
Experience helps in other ways. Martin Hirsch, a relative youngster at 56, has been developing a uranium deposit for Toronto-listed Forsys Metals Corp. in Namibia and warns younger colleagues about snakes. The Puff adder, jokes the German geologist, always bites the third geologist. "The first guy wakes him up, and the second guy makes him mad."
Hugh Jenner-Clarke, an 83-year-old Englishman, recently found a major deposit of 950,000 tons of rare earths, a group of 17 elements prized for distinct properties of conductivity, magnetism and flexibility. "Retire? What for?" asks Mr. Jenner-Clarke, who made the discovery in western South Africa, at a site called Zandkopsdrift, for a Toronto-listed company called Frontier Rare Earths Ltd. "I'm not one to linger reading the paper after breakfast."
The white-haired bushy browed geologist, who immigrated to South Africa more than 50 years ago, packs a pickax, a few other tools, and some tea when he heads out to rocky bush country. He always wears a necktie. "People wonder why I bother with the tie," he says. "I tell them, it protects my neck from the sun." He never takes it off. "If it's very hot, I'll remove my jacket," he says.
Mr. Jenner-Clarke, whose first assignment was hunting diamonds for De Beers, never uses a computer. He does however rely on microscopes to study samples and has been known to carry an L-shaped divining rod, which he holds over his head until it points him toward water. "It's about the Earth's magnetism," he says.
Others reject that practice. Divining rods are "mystical voodoo bull—," scoffs John Borshoff, a 67-year-old geologist and CEO of Western Australia-based Paladin Energy Ltd., who developed a major uranium mine in Namibia. His formula: painstaking field work. "In the old days, you'd spend eight weeks in the field, just eating meat," he said. "Young geologists want to get home to Mommy."
Exploration geology "is science and religion," Mark Cutifani, the incoming CEO of Anglo American PLC, the world's fifthbiggest mining company, says, endorsing the virtues of seniority. "You have to be able to recognize patterns in the rocks."
Or termites, says Stuart Smith, a 64-year-old from Zimbabwe. They grind up the earth and bring samples to the surface. "I look for their piles," says Mr. Smith. He says such methods don't generally appeal to young geologists. "They would rather sit in front of a computer with their remote sensing," he said. His wife and four children don't understand it, either. "They find it very odd that I go looking for rocks."
Neither the best technology, nor hard-working ants, can map very far underground, and rock formations differ. Drilling holes every few dozen yards and pulling up pipe-shaped samples still leaves acres of mystery. "Age and experience help your imagination paint a picture of what's in between," says Scott McLean, the CEO of Toronto-listed Transition Metals Corp.
Young geologists respect their elders, up to a point. "I relish the opportunity to work with older geologists," says Steve Flank, a 29-year-old from Thunder Bay, Canada. "At the same time, every field camp needs a computer to manage large databases."
Tony Gesualdo, a 30-year-old geologist exploring for gold in North Carolina, says he often works for an older man whose method "seems to be to get lost and follow his nose." The man has trouble with the GPS and radio, often pressing the wrong buttons, so he has taken to wearing bright orange, "so we don't lose him," says Mr. Gesualdo. "But he seems to always stumble on the 'right' rocks. I've stopped questioning him."
Robert Milici, an 81-year-old geologist for the U.S. Geological Survey, didn't bother with orange vests. Instead, as a "gentleman scientist," as he describes himself and his contemporaries, he always wore a suit and tie while kicking rocks in the woods. It made him stand out from the locals. "Nowadays, you try to blend in," says Mr. Milici, who assesses oil and gas resources at headquarters in Northern Virginia.
Mr. Petzer, the 65-year-old coal geologist in KwaZulu-Natal, is a relative youngster, and sees a productive future ahead. While others consider him old, he doesn't think he is and plans to work well into his 80s. "I am never going to retire," he said. "I'm going to fossilize on the side of a mountain into salt or limestone."
Write to John W. Miller at _EMAIL_
A version of this article appeared March 4, 2013, on page A1 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Mining Firms Discover Old-Timers Can Be Worth Their Weight in Gold.


text:
A power circuit of an electronic device which can reduce power consumption.
Power is saved by turning off the voltage booster in the power-saving
mode. A controller is used to generate a control signal indicating whether
or not the electronic device is in a power-saving mode. A switch, coupled
between the voltage booster and its power supply, is used for
disconnecting the power supply from the voltage booster when the control
signal indicates that the electronic device is in the power-saving mode.
Chen; Chi-Jen (Taoyuan, TW) |
Acer Peripherals, Inc.
January 10, 2000|


text:
AL9 Directive alpine species
Habitats Directive species
The EU Habitats Directive includes 14 species which occur primarily in alpine habitats. One of these species, Arctic Marsh Sedge, can also be found in the boreal region where its conservation status was evaluated as favourable. The rest of the species are restricted to the alpine region.
The conservation status of most (9) of the Habitats Directive's alpine species has been evaluated as favourable. These species, which include two mammals, three butterflies, and four vascular plants are generally well protected within the existing protected areas. While the distribution area of the mammals Wolverine and Arctic Hare is large, the other species are local and mainly restricted to the northwestern fells with calcareous soils.
The status of two species, Arctic Fox and Wall Hawk's-beard, was evaluated as unfavourable-bad. The state of the Arctic Fox population is the most critical and is likely to weaken even further in the future. The population has been decreasing since the 1980s and the latest reported breeding occurred more than ten years ago. Based on actual sightings of the species, the Arctic Fox population has been estimated to consist of only five individuals.
One of the most important reasons for the decline of the Arctic Fox population is the spreading of competing species Red Fox into the alpine region. In addition, changes in reindeer husbandry and the weakening of vole population cycles have decreased the amount of food available to Arctic Foxes.
Wall Hawk's-beard occurs in the alpine region only in Kevo strict nature reserve. The population has decreased because its habitats have become more grass dominated. Dry summers have also weakened the state of Wall Hawk's-beard's habitats.
The conservation status of the moss Encalypta mutica was assessed as unfavourable-inadequate because its population size is so small that the risk of extinction due to random events has increased. For the two other moss species, full assessment has not been possible, due to insufficient knowledge.
- Updated (14.05.2013)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
 constant <- function(x){1}
this is probably more than ridiculously simple, but any reason as to why this isn't working?
is there a different way I should be writing the function for constants?
share|improve this question
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2 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
You can use the Vectorize function to convert a non-vectorized function into the sort of function that integrate requires:
> constant <- function(x){1}
> Vconst <- Vectorize(constant)
> integrate(Vconst,lower=1,upper=10)
9 with absolute error < 1e-13
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From?integrate:
An R function taking a numeric first argument and returning a numeric vector of the same length. Returning a non-finite element will generate an error.
You need to return a vector the same length as x. Try:
constant <- function(x){rep(1,length(x))}
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Your Answer


text:
Pruning apple trees can be confusing, but not with the Complete Garden plant advice pruning guide encyclopaedia CD-ROM.
Each garden plant on the interactive CD-ROM is accompanied illustrated pruning advice and written explanation to help you.
There are over 20 pruning ilustrations for pruning apple trees alone. The CD is the what, when and how to prune resource.
The interactive plant database CD-ROM is not only a pruning advice resource. The CD-ROM also helps you plan an attractive garden with seasonal colour by suggesting the right plants for your garden conditions.
Interactive means that you can select to see plants and advice to answer your questions quickly and easily.
For example you might be looking for plants to line your path that won't grow too tall. Simply select a height, the month you want it to be in leaf or flower, a colour, and if the areas is in shade, partial shade or full sun. Click search and the plants to suit your requirements are displayed within seconds.
To be creative you can then find other plants to match your colour scheme and to ensure seasonal change and interest.
Each plant is accompanied with photographs to help with identification plus in-depth planting tips, pests and diseases, and garden styles to inspire your creative ideas.


skip graphical navigation
PBS KidsZOOM Home Back to Activity
Balancing Balls on Air
Sent in by:
Kayla of Iowa City, IA
Hair dryer powers activate!
Stuff You'll Need
 - ping pong balls
 - hair dryer
 - other types of small balls
How to do it
 1. First, get permission from a grown-up to use a hair dryer.
 2. Turn your hair dryer on cool and point it towards the ceiling.
 3. Put the ping pong ball in the stream of moving air. Watch -- it just floats there.
 4. Tip the hair dryer to the right or left and the ball still stays in the stream of air.
 5. You're probably wondering why the air doesn't just blow away the ball. The air from the hair dryer is blowing right on the ball and pushing it up. But did you know that gravity from the earth is also pulling the ball down? That's why the ball isn't blown right up into space.
 6. Do you know what keeps the ball from blowing off to the side? It's the fast moving air coming from the blow dryer. The ball doesn't fall because the air from the hair dryer is going really fast around the sides of the ball. This fast moving air pushes on the sides of the ball and keeps it from falling.
 7. What happens when you try this with two ping pong balls at the same time? What happens if you use a different kind of ball? Try it at home.
not yet implemented


text:
Mobile IP (or IP mobility) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in IETF RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in IETF RFC 4721. Mobile IPv6, the IP mobility implementation for the next generation of the Internet Protocol, IPv6, is described in RFC 6275.
|Internet protocol suite|
The Mobile IP protocol allows location-independent routing of IP datagrams on the Internet. Each mobile node is identified by its home address disregarding its current location in the Internet. While away from its home network, a mobile node is associated with a care-of address which identifies its current location and its home address is associated with the local endpoint of a tunnel to its home agent. Mobile IP specifies how a mobile node registers with its home agent and how the home agent routes datagrams to the mobile node through the tunnel.
Mobile IP is most often found in wired and wireless environments where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LAN subnets. Examples of use are in roaming between overlapping wireless systems, e.g., IP over DVB, WLAN, WiMAX and BWA.
Mobile IP is not required within cellular systems such as 3G, to provide transparency when Internet users migrate between cellular towers, since these systems provide their own data link layer handover and roaming mechanisms. However, it is often used in 3G systems to allow seamless IP mobility between different packet data serving node (PDSN) domains.
Operational principles
A mobile node has two addresses - a permanent home address and a care-of address (CoA), which is associated with the network the mobile node is visiting. Two kinds of entities comprise a Mobile IP implementation:
- A home agent stores information about mobile nodes whose permanent home address is in the home agent's network.
- A foreign agent stores information about mobile nodes visiting its network. Foreign agents also advertise care-of addresses, which are used by Mobile IP. If there is no foreign agent in the host network, the mobile device has to take care of getting an address and advertising that address by its own means.
A node wanting to communicate with the mobile node uses the permanent home address of the mobile node as the destination address to send packets to. Because the home address logically belongs to the network associated with the home agent, normal IP routing mechanisms forward these packets to the home agent. Instead of forwarding these packets to a destination that is physically in the same network as the home agent, the home agent redirects these packets towards the remote address through an IP tunnel by encapsulating the datagram with a new IP header using the care of address of the mobile node.
When acting as transmitter, a mobile node sends packets directly to the other communicating node, without sending the packets through the home agent, using its permanent home address as the source address for the IP packets. This is known as triangular routing or "route optimization" (RO) mode. If needed, the foreign agent could employ reverse tunneling by tunneling the mobile node's packets to the home agent, which in turn forwards them to the communicating node. This is needed in networks whose gateway routers check that the source IP address of the mobile host belongs to their subnet or discard the packet otherwise. In Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), "reverse tunneling" is the default behaviour, with RO being an optional behaviour.
A performance evaluation of Mobile IPv6, carried out by NEC Europe, can be found at the ACM Digital Library, under the entry "A simulation study on the performance of mobile IPv6 in a WLAN-based cellular network", from the Elsevier Computer Networks Journal (CNJ), special issue on The New Internet Architecture, September 2002.
Additionally, a performance comparison between Mobile IPv6 and some of its proposed enhancements (Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 and their Combination) is available under the entry "A performance comparison of Mobile IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IPv6, fast handovers for Mobile IPv6 and their combination", from the ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review (MC2R), Volume 7, Issue 4, October, 2003.
Enhancements to the Mobile IP technique, such as Mobile IPv6 and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) defined in RFC 5380, are being developed to improve mobile communications in certain circumstances by making the processes more secure and more efficient. HMIPv6 explanation can be found at Hierarchical-Mobile-IPv6.
Researchers create support for mobile networking without requiring any pre-deployed infrastructure as it currently is required by MIP. One such example is Interactive Protocol for Mobile Networking (IPMN) which promises supporting mobility on a regular IP network just from the network edges by intelligent signalling between IP at end-points and application layer module with improved quality of service.
Researchers are also working to create support for mobile networking between entire subnets with support from Mobile IPv6. One such example is Network Mobility (NEMO) Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol by the IETF Network Mobility Working Group which supports mobility for entire Mobile Networks that move and to attach to different points in the Internet. The protocol is an extension of Mobile IPv6 and allows session continuity for every node in the Mobile Network as the network moves.
Changes in IPv6 for Mobile IPv6
- A set of mobility options to include in mobility messages
- A new Home Address option for the Destination Options header
- A new Type 2 Routing header
- New Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6) messages to discover the set of home agents and to obtain the prefix of the home link
- Changes to router discovery messages and options and additional Neighbor Discovery options
- Foreign Agents are no longer needed
Definition of terms
- Home network
- The home network of a mobile device is the network within which the device receives its identifying IP address (home address).
- Home address
- The home address of a mobile device is the IP address assigned to the device within its home network.
- Foreign network
- A foreign network is the network in which a mobile node is operating when away from its home network.
- Care-of address
- The care-of address of a mobile device is the network-native IP address of the device when operating in a foreign network.
- Home agent
- A home agent is a router on a mobile node's home network which tunnels datagrams for delivery to the mobile node when it is away from home. It maintains current location (IP address) information for the mobile node. It is used with one or more foreign agents.
- Foreign agent
- A foreign agent is a router that stores information about mobile nodes visiting its network. Foreign agents also advertise care-of-addresses which are used by Mobile IP.
- A binding is the association of the home address with a care-of address...
See also
- Mobility management
- GPRS Tunneling Protocol
- Vertical handoff
- Proxy Mobile IP
- Host Identity Protocol
- Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol
- X.Pérez-Costa and H.Hartenstein. A Simulation Study on the Performance of Mobile IPv6 in a WLAN-Based Cellular Network Elsevier Computer Networks Journal, special issue on The New Internet Architecture, September 2002
- X.Pérez-Costa, M.Torrent-Moreno and H.Hartenstein. A Simulation Study on the Performance of Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 In Proceedings of the International Teletraffic Congress (ITC), Berlin, Germany, August 2003.
- RFC 6275 -Mobility support for IPv6
- RFC 5944 - IP Mobility Support for IPv4, Revised
- RFC 4721 - Mobile IPv4 Challenge/Response Extensions
- RFC 3024 - Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP
- Inside Mobile IP
- Protocols for Adaptive Mobile and Wireless Networking
- Mobile IP explained (a tutorial)
- Mobility Extensions for IPv6 (mext) IETF Working Group Web site
- Mobile IPv6 -- A short introduction by Holger Zuleger
- Linux Mobile IPv6 HOWTO on the Linux Documentation Project
- D. Johnson, C. Perkins, J. Arkko. Mobility Support in IPv6. RFC 6275. June 2011
- J. Arkko, V. Devarapalli, F. Dupont. Using IPsec to Protect Mobile IPv6 Signaling Between Mobile Nodes and Home Agents. RFC 3776. June 2004


text:
How Cane Sugar is Made - Extraction
There are several important aspects to extraction which involve the energy balance of the factory, the efficiency of extraction and therefore ultimately the profitability of operations:
- The manager needs to process the cane as soon as possible if sugar losses are to be avoided yet needs to have a sufficient supply in storage for times when cutting and transport are stopped, whether deliberately or not. Typically, cane is processed within 24 hours of cutting;
- Cane preparation is critical to good sugar extraction, particularly with diffusion extraction. This is achieved with rotating knives and sometimes hammer mills called "shredders". However shredding requires extra energy and more equipment;
- The extraction is actually conducted as a counter-current process using fresh hot water at one end being pumped in the opposite direction to the cane. The more water that is used, the more sugar is extracted but the more dilute the mixed juice is and hence the more energy that is required to evaporate the juice;
- The more accurately that the mills are set [adjusted], the drier is the residual fibre and hence the less sugar remaining in the fibre;
A typical mixed juice from extraction will contain perhaps 15% sugar and the residual fibre, called bagasse, will contain 1 to 2% sugar, about 50% moisture and some of the sand and grit from the field as "ash". A typical cane might contain 12 to 14% fibre which, at 50% moisture content gives about 25 to 30 tons of bagasse per 100 tons of cane or 10 tons of sugar.