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Employment Discrimination
Employment discrimination occurs when an employer uses bias to make decisions regarding its personnel or applicants. Employment discrimination law stems from the U.S. Constitution and is codified in a patchwork of state, federal, and case law.
Are You the Victim of Employment Discrimination?
If you think your employer acted with discrimination based on age, color, disability, national origin, race, religion, sex, or pregnancy, you should immediately consult with employment discrimination attorney. The attorney can assess your situation, apply the applicable law, advise you if you have a valid case, and take action to achieve the compensation you deserve.
How long does a discrimination lawsuit take?
A lawsuit or settlement negotiations can take months or even years to play out, but every case is unique, and will depend on the circumstances of your case. If there is a lot of compensation on the line, it's likely that your case may take longer. Your attorney can advise you about what to expect.
How do you prove employment discrimination?
Just like with any other type of lawsuit, it will require evidence to prove your claims. If you think you are the victim of discrimination at your workplace, then it is important to document what you can. Save all email correspondence, phone messages, and performance reviews or other documentation that may prove your claims. Also, think about anyone you work with who would be able to corroborate your claims.
What age is considered old enough for age discrimination?
In the eyes of the federal government, you can be the victim of age discrimination if you are 40 years old or older. Some state laws lower that age threshold. But if you are under 40, it will be difficult to press ahead with an age discrimination lawsuit.
When to Hire a Lawyer
Top Questions to Ask a Lawyer
Tips on Hiring an Experienced Lawyer with Employment Discrimination Cases
Common legal terms explained
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text:
- Stan Brakhage |
- 1963 |
- 4 minutes |
- COLOR |
Rental Format(s): 16mm
Essence of lepidoptera re-created between two strips of clear mylar tape: an anima animation. What a moth might see from birth to death if black were white and white were black.
"Brakhage made MOTHLIGHT without a camera. He just pasted mothwings and flowers on a clear strip of film and ran it through the printing machine." - Jonas Mekas "MOTHLIGHT is a paradoxical preservation of pieces of dead moths in the eternal medium of light (which is life and draws the moth to death); so it flutters through its very disintegration. This abstract of flight captures matter's struggle to assume its proper form; the death of the moth does not cancel its nature, which on the filmstrip asserts itself. MOTHLIGHT is on one level a parable of death and resurrection, but most really concerns the persistence of the essential form, image, and motion of being." - Ken Kelman
Awards: Brussels Int'l Film Festival, 1964; Spoleto Film Festival, 1966.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to Audit SQL Server Logins
Native Auditing vs. Netwrix Auditor for SQL Server
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Native Auditing Netwrix Auditor for SQL Server
To audit SQL Server logins, we need to configure SQL Server Auditing settings, which were introduced in SQL Server Database 2008.
 1. Connect the SQL server instance via SQL Server Management Studio.
 2. Navigate to Security → Right-click "Audits" and select "New audit" → Type in an name for the audit and select the location where the SQL Server audit logs will be stored → Click "OK" → Right-click the newly created audit and select "Enable audit".
 3. Right-click "Server Audit Specification" and select "New Server Audit Specification" → Type in an appropriate name → Select the new audit from the audit drop-down menu → In the "Audit action type" column, select "Failed Login Group" and "Successful Login Group" → Click "OK" → Right-click on the newly created server audit specification and select "Enable server audit specification".
 4. To view the SQL Server audit login trail, navigate to Security | Audits → Right-click the newly created audit and select "View Audit Logs"
Now you can read all login audit events in your SQL database.
How to Audit SQL Server Logins - Native Auditing
 1. Open Netwrix Auditor → Navigate to Reports | Predefined | SQL Server | All SQL Server Logons → Click "View".
Now you can view all users that access your SQL database.
How to Audit SQL Server Logins - Netwrix Auditor
Enable SQL Server Login Auditing to Protect Your Sensitive Databases from Unauthorized Access
Monitoring successful logins to SQL Server is essential for getting information about who is accessing your database. For example, when a suspicious user logs on to a sensitive database, you need perform an security investigation immediately. You also need to monitor failed logon attempts. While a certain number of failed logon attempts are to be expected during normal business operations, an unusually large number of failed login attempts can indicate that an attacker or malicious software is attempting to get inside your database by guessing user names and passwords. Enabling SQL login auditing will help you detect insider and outsider threats in time to protect your SQL databases against data breaches. These capabilities are included in SQL Server audit services, but this is not a very convenient solution because truly suspicious events get buried in the huge amount of noise data.
Netwrix Auditor for SQL Server provides complete visibility into and control over changes and access events in SQL databases, including auditing of successful and failed logon attempts from Active Directory or locally. The application comes with a broad set of predefined reports, including the "All SQL Server Logons" report, which enables you to easily audit both failed and successful login attempts. It provides all the critical who-what-when-where details you need to streamline auditing of attempts to log on to the database or SQL Server Management Studio so you can minimize the risk of a security breach. Plus, you can store your complete SQL Server audit trail for years in the cost-effective two-tiered (SQL database + file-based) storage.


less likely to be chosen, while a smaller penalty means the word should be more likely to be chosen.
Creating the IP
Wonderful. All we need now is to build and solve the integer program, using PuLP, a user-friendly linear program implementation for Python. Given \(A\), the representation of each ingredient as vector of tokens, and \(C^T\), the penalties associated with each token, we can solve:
def run_IP(A, c_T):
 '''Solve integer min. program with constraints A, penalties c_T, where Ax>=1
 for every row of A.
 import pulp
 # create problem
 pulp.LpSolverDefault.msg = 1
 problem = pulp.LpProblem('ingredient', pulp.LpMinimize)
 # add variables with associated penalty (sum)
 variables = [pulp.LpVariable(token, 0, 1, pulp.LpBinary) for token in A.columns.values]
 problem += pulp.lpDot(c_T.values, variables)
 # add constraint that either one or two tokens per ingredient can be selected
 for index, row in A.iterrows():
 c = pulp.LpAffineExpression([(variables[A.columns.tolist().index(token)], 1) for token in row[row>0].index])
 problem += (1<=c)
 problem += (c<=2)
 # solve problem
 status = problem.solve()
 return pd.Series([var.value() for var in variables],
 index=A.columns.tolist(), name='is_ingredient').astype(int)
Just for a sample of the ingredients, and a few (semi-educated guesses) at penalties:
s = ingredients.sample(n=500, random_state=101)
s_clean = parse_text(s)
# build token matrix
A = get_A_matrix(s_clean)
# build coefficient vector
c_T = penalties(s_clean,
 pos_dict={'NN':.1, 'VB':10, 'JJ':10},
 split_dict={' - ':3, ', ':2},
# check that all tokens are in both places
assert sum(c_T.index!=A.columns)==0
sols = run_IP(A, c_T)
1 red bell pepper, julienned[pepper]
8 ounces shredded Monterey Jack cheese, divided[cheese]
1/3 cup firmly packed brown sugar[sugar]
1/4 cup mango chutney[chutney]
32 fluid ounces Kentucky bourbon[bourbon]
1/2 cup chopped peanuts[chopped]
2 tablespoons milk[milk]
1/2 teaspoon garlic salt[garlic, salt]
2 cups thinly sliced red cabbage[cabbage, sliced]
Not exactly great. The main problem is that this method doesn't choose the best "core" token for each ingredient, instead choosing the best for the entire corpus, and then forcing it on the ingredients. Unfortunately forcing the program to choose each ingredient to have only one token produces an infeasible solution (the linear program can not be solved).
Another problem is that somehow chopped and sliced have made their way into the set of "core" ingredients, which is obviously wrong.
While I could continue to fiddle with **args passed to penalties(**args) until chopped was no longer designated a "core" token, that didn't sound very appealing, and at the end of the day I still wanted a single, most probable "core" for every ingredient.
Second Approach (moderate success)
Rather than an LP, I designed my own method:
 1. assign each token a "score" representing its likelihood of being core, based on similar factors to penalties(**args)
 2. for each ingredient, choose the most token with highest "score" to represent the overall ingredient
 3. update each token's "score" based on how frequently each is selected as core
 4. repeat 3. until desired spread of "scores" is achieved
Why would this work?
 - Because egg (or any other token) will be frequent, sometimes appearing by itself (as in 1 egg), but will also occasionally appear with other tokens (perhaps scrambled, yolks, or fried). This method will gradually promote egg's score, while gradually decreasing the score of other tokens.
 - Moreover, because these other tokens have been penalized, this will promote tokens they appear in association with (learning that rice should be the core of fried rice, because fried is not the core of 2 fried eggs.
 - Theoretically, this self-reinforcing cycle will produce better results than simply assigning a penalty once and hoping the IP can decide for us.
Scores are calculated in much the same way that penalties(**args) produced penalties. Code is long, and very similar to what was previously shown, and so is omitted to save length.
The results of scores(**args) approximately range from -5 up to 15, where a larger score indicates the token is more likely to be "core" than a token with a smaller score.
I forced a few seeds for the first iteration:
 - A token will have ranking score of 10 if it ever appears alone (provided it is also a noun)
 - A token that ever appears after a hyphen will have ranking score of 0
 - Any past-tense verbs that end in 'ed' (i.e. crushed, chopped, browned) will have ranking score of 0
This code is also omitted, but simply updates the results of scores(**args).
The distribution of scores looks like:
We now want to force a greater dispersion.
In each iteration, choose a "core" token for each ingredient.
 - This "core" token is selected randomly, drawn from a distribution (gained via applying softmax to scores)
We need two functions to accomplish this, one to create the probability distribution (softmax(s)), and one to select the "core" token (pick_max(**args)).
def softmax(s):
 ''' Applies softmax to input series (maps values to (0,1) such that the entries sum to 1.0).
 e_s = s.apply(lambda x:np.exp(x))
 return e_s / e_s.sum()
def pick_max(row, ranks, seed):
 ''' Selects an entry in row (where row>0), drawn from distribution achieved
 via applying softmax to the ranks. If a seed is included, it will be randomly sampled.
 Otherwise, the entry with maximum probability will be chosen.
 final = pd.Series().reindex(row.index, fill_value=0).astype(int)
 mask = (row>0)
 if seed:
 index = (row*ranks)[mask].sample(1, random_state=seed, weights=softmax(ranks[mask])).index
 index = softmax(ranks[mask]).idxmax()
 final.loc[index] = 1
 return final
Scores will be updated by using a learning_rate, and "learning" whether each token is "core" based on how often it is selected when it is an option. At each iteration, this process increases the dispersion in scores.
Applying this process iteratively, until a given threshold of dispersion has been achieved in the scores:
learning_rate = 1
threshold = 7.5
while c_T.std()


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am using a Mac mini, 2012 model, without a UPS. My assumption is that Apple has designed a special adapter to rectify high voltage and low voltage. Is that right? If I use my Mac mini without a UPS and the power surges or is lost, will the hardware be affected by the high or low voltage? Should I use a UPS?
share|improve this question
Why would you assume Apple designed some kind of special adapter? And what do you mean by "low voltage"? Lower than normal input voltage? – David Schwartz Oct 2 '12 at 7:39
yes.. Lower than normal input voltage and also high input – Muthu Muthu Oct 2 '12 at 7:59
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
The power supply of the Mac mini supports a range of voltages (100-240V AC), but surges or brown outs may still affect it.
As with any computer, if your local electricity supply is reliable, you don't need a UPS. If your local electricity supply is unreliable, you will benefit from installing a UPS. In this respect the Mac mini is no different from any other desktop computer.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


automatically detects the proper polarity and issues a message if negative polarity data is received:
Reversed FS polarity detected - autocorrecting
The automatic correction applies only to software framing and doesn't help with correlation. For correct results for both software framing and
correlation, you should correct the polarity reversal problem at its source; this is done using negative values for the {{{--gain}}} parameter at
program start time:
./ -a -v 10 -g -50
The second cause of negative correlation peaks is that some protocols (although not P25) make use of both normaland inverted-polarity FS
sequences as a standard part of their processing. Instead of clogging the GUI menu with several choices that are merely inverses of others,
just for the sake of always having positive-peaked correlations, we allow the correlation graph to reflect the natural polarity of the data.
Thus both + and - peaks are shown, allowing quick diagnosis of incorrect hardware polarity (see above), and allowing identification of the
particular family and sub-protocol in use.
Auto Correlation
Also included is Frank's Fast Auto Correlation (fac):
For further details about Fast Auto Correlation refer to Frank's page at
New in late 2013, trunk following for multiple trunked P25 systems was added, supporting the following feature set:
 - Any number of separate trunked systems may be scanned * P25 Phase I (IMBE) voice channel decoding and audio output * Supports LSM/CQPSK systems that require CQPSK (not C4FM) demodulation in addition to C4FM systems * Since CQPSK demodulation is used, LSM simulcast distortion is suppressed (contrary to all current scanners) * In this release, systems and voice channels are scanned sequentially (like trunk tracking scanners) * Alpha tagging for talkgroup ID's * Per-system whitelist (closed group) support: only those talkgroups in the list are scanned * Per-system blacklist support: all talkgroups are scanned, except those listed * Configuration files are TSV (tab-separated); may be edited using spreadsheet software such as Libre office * Talkgroup ID hold: momentary delay after each voice transmission to allow following conversations * Manual talkgroup ID hold: click to pause, remains on current talkgroup until resumed * Manual lockout: click to lock out current talkgroup * All of the signal scope functions (see above) are live and may be selected in real time * Traffic history including list of active voice channels, key trunk control channel data, etc. * Hardware support provided by gr-osmosdr including usrp/uhd, hackrf, and (in theory) RTL DVB-T based sticks etc.
The trunking code has not yet been merged into the master branch. In the meantime after cloning the
repository you can issue this command to switch to the proper code branch:
git checkout max-trunking-update2
(you must first cd to the top level op25 project directory)
Trunking Configuration
The primary configuration file trunk.tsv contains one line (or spreadsheet row) per trunked system
to be monitored. The file need not be named {{{trunk.tsv}}}; any name of your choice may be used, and is specified using the -T option. The file contains the following information:
 - NAC: This is used as the "primary key" to tell different systems apart. * Sysname: The name of the system (for display purposes) * Control Channel List: comma-separated list of trunk control channels. * Offset: if using a SDR with GPSDO, this value is not needed and should be set to zero. Used for frequency drift correction. The values shown are almost certainly incorrect for your system; the frequency error (drift) is different for every oscillator and is also almost always temperature dependent. You can use the other functions of such as the eye diagram to determine the error (difference between nominal frequency and received frequency). * Modulation: C4FM or CQPSK * TGID Tags File: specifies the name of a TSV file for this system, containing alpha talkgroup ID tags * Whitelist: if set, the system is a "closed" system; only listed TGID's will be included * Blacklist: excludes listed TGID's * Center Frequency: set this to (Highest-Frequency-Channel - Lowest-Frequency-Channel) / 2 - and make sure it's at least (say) 50 KHz away from any active channel
Note: the first line of the file containing the field names must not be changed.
Software Tuning Mode
A new feature which helps to workaround a current problem with the RTL-SDR, the software Local Oscillator allows software tuning within the passband whose width is equal to the current sampling rate (--sample-rate) parameter. Currently this seems to be limited to 2.56 MHz.
To use this mode
 - find the lowest (F1) and highest frequencies (F2) in the system * You will have to adjust F1 and F2 such that (F2-F1) is less than the selected sample rate * RTL SDR apparently supports rates higher than 2.56 MHz but there are reported problems * Find the center frequency = F1 plus one-half of (F2-F1) * Adjust the center frequency by a few tens of KHz if necessary to ensure it does not coincide with any of the system channel frequencies, to avoid DC offset * The higher the sample rate, the more CPU is used * If the system contains frequencies outside of the band from F1 to F2, tuning error messages will be issued but the remaining channels should still work * The "Center Frequency" is defined as a new column in the trunking TSV file (added to the right of the Blacklist column after the example shown below was created).
TSV Files
Use the following command to open a TSV file for editing:
oocalc trunk.tsv
Here are the options used when opening the file
Talkgroup ID Alpha Tags
There is usually a separate tags file for each system, although sometimes multiple systems can share a common set of tags. The talkgroup ID (first column in each row) is in decimal (base 10).
Trunked Traffic
Use the -2 command line option to enable Phase 2 TDMA. Unlike in P25 Phase 1 FDMA, TDMA voice channels cannot be tuned manually. TDMA voice channels are always operated under control of a trunked system having a 9,600 FDMA trunking control channel. Accordingly you must establish a trunking definition for your system as detailed above; no other special setup is required.
This records in parallel all talkgroup activity to.WAV files (except talkgroups excluded via the white list and black lists system). The band of frequencies that can be spanned is equal to the SDR sampling rate, e.g., 2.4 MHz or so if using an RTL, wider in other devices (8 MHz in HackRF, for example). Only one SDR is needed though, no matter how many talkgroups are to be logged (as long as these frequency limits are observed). The option is enabled via the "-L n" command line parameter (where n is an int specifying the number of logfile workers - one plus the number of concurrent talkgroups to be logged). Note that in TDMA one worker is required per active frequency (not per talkgroup). The wider the spectrum, and the more workers defined, the higher the CPU usage...
The logging option must be used with the -T option, and (in this version of only the first data row of the trunking TSV file is utilized - subsequent rows are not used.
Possibly bugs exist, here are a few of the known ones as of this writing
 - Symbol filters totally brain damaged (need separate filters for each speed) * When switching modes using the notebook tabs, leftover data from before may appear momentarily * Highest and lowest speeds are not well tuned resulting either in sluggish updates or CPU exhaustion * Currently ignores all except first frequency in list of trunk control frequencies * The selected tab may override the mode (C4FM vs. CQPSK); be sure to select "constellation" to enable CQPSK mode
I ripped off the "tabbed notebook" theme (and code) from Stevie; it already had the spectrum, baseband, and decoded symbol displays. I added the data scope, constellation scope, cross correlation, and trunk tracking features.
The Fast Auto Correlation (fac) code came from Radiorausch.
Special thanks to Mossmann for leaving one commented-out "print" statement in Of course it was tempting to wonder "what would happen" if that statement were un-commented. The final result? The cross-correlation feature.
Special thanks also to GPL, for encouraging these mashups.
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text:
|Region||Biscay, into Álava and Gipuzkoa|
|Dialects||Western, Eastern, Alavese (extinct)|
It is named as Western in the Basque dialects' classification drawn up by linguist Koldo Zuazo, since it is not only spoken in Biscay but also extends slightly into the northern fringes of Alava and deeper in the western part of Gipuzkoa. The dialect's territory bears great similarity to that of the Caristii tribe, as described by Roman authors.
While it is treated as stylish to write in Biscayan and the dialect is still spoken generally in about half of Biscay and some other municipalities, it suffers from the double pressure of Unified Basque and Spanish.
In the words of Georges Lacombe, because of the special features of this dialect, Euskera could well be divided into two groups of dialects: Biscayan and the rest. He argued that this dialect was so different from the rest, that the isoglosses separating it from the adjacent dialects (Gipuzkoan or central) are so close to each other that form a clear line; that is, the phonetic-phonological, morphosyntactic and lexical features of Biscayan coincide geographically to the point of creating a distinctively clear and defined dialectical border.
Because of these differences both with the rest of the Basque dialects and also with Standard Basque or Batua, and respecting their corresponding uses, the Euskaltzaindia has produced a Model for Written Biscayan (in Basque: Bizkaieraren idatzizko ereduaren finkapenak), a set of rules mainly focused on morphosyntax. The official use of the dialects of Euskera is regulated through Regulation 137 of the Euskaltzaindia, according to which the use of Batua should be limited to the fields of communication, administration and teaching.
Since 1997 and according to the new dialectical classification realized by Koldo Zuazo, author of "Euskalkiak. Herriaren lekukoak" (Elkar, 2004), the name given to Biscayan is the Western Dialect, due to its use not being limited to the province of Biscay, but with users in some Gipuzkoan regions such as Debagoiena (mainly) and Debabarrena, and also some Alavan municipalities such as Aramaio (Aramayona) and Legutio (Villarreal).
According to study by Yrizar, this dialect was spoken in the seventies by around 200,000 people, with the number of estimated speakers approaching 300,000 by the eighties. In 1991 16% of the population of this province could speak Basque, and data gathered in 2001 data 22% of the total 1.122.710 Biscayans (i.e. 247,000) could speak and write in Basque. However, this data is only illustrative, as there is no record of how many of the Basque speakers spoke Biscayan specifically and it does not take into account Biscayan speakers in Gipuzkoan territory (Bergara, Leintz Gatzaga, Mondragon, Oñati, etc.)
Subdialects and VariationsEdit
Biscayan is not a homogeneous dialect, it has two subdialects and eight main variations.
- Dialectal variation around the border between the Western and Eastern subdialects. The territory includes: Busturialdea, Otxandio and Villarreal.
- Dialectal variation happens the border between the Western dialect (Biscayan) and the Central dialect (Gipuzkoan). The territory includes: Elgoibar, Deba, Mendaro and Mutriku.
Geography and HistoryEdit
The borders of Biscayan match those of the pre-Roman tribe of the Caristii, which is probably not a coincidence. Biscay was formerly included, along with Alava and the Valley of Amezcoa, within the ecclesiastical circumscription of Calahorra, which explains the wide influence of Biscayan (or Western Dialect) in the language of these regions. This does not mean Alavan dialect (nowadays extinct) would have had the same features as the Biscayan, but rather some common characteristics with a personality of its own.
Some features of Biscayan as perceived by other dialect speakers may be summed up as follows:
- The verb root "eutsi" used for the dative auxiliary verb (NOR-NORI-NORK), e.g. "dosku"/"deusku" vs. "digu".
- Auxiliary verb forms "dot - dok - dozu" most of the times, as opposed to general Basque "dut".
- Convergence of sibilants: z /s̻/, x /ʃ/ and s /s̺/ > x/ʃ/; tz /ts̻/, tx /tʃ/ and ts /ts̺/ > tz /ts̻/.
- Clusters -itz generally turned into -tx, e.g. "gaitza" > "gatxa".
- The conspicuous absence of past tense 3rd person mark z- at the beginning of auxiliary verbs, e.g. "eban" vs. "zuen".
- Assimilation in vowel clusters at the end of the noun phrase, notably -ea > -ie/i and -oa > -ue/u.
- v-Ñ-v ending words, as opposed to the Beterri Gipuzkoan v-Y-v: konstituziño vs konstituziyo, standard Basque konstituzio.
- In spelling, it has no h and it has -iñand -illwhere standard Basque has -inand -il-.
Biscayan dialect has a very rich lexicon, with vocabulary varying from region to region, and from town to town. For example, while gura (to want) and txarto (bad) are two words widely used in Biscayan, some Biscayan speaker might use nahi (for to want) and gaizki (for bad), which are generally used in other dialects. One of the current main experts in local vocabulary is Iñaki Gaminde, who in the last years has extensively researched and published on this subject.
- Bizkaia Irratia: FM 96.7
- Arrakala Irratia: FM 106 (Lekeitio).
- Arrate Irratia: FM 87.7 (Eibar).
- Irratia Arrasate irratia: FM 107.7 (Debagoiena).
- Bilbo Hiria Irratia: FM 96.0 (Bilbao).
- Itsuki Irratia: FM 107.3 (Bermeo).
- Matrallako Irratixa: FM 102.8 (Eibar).
- Radixu Irratia: FM 105.5 (Ondarroa).
- Tas-Tas: FM 95 (Bilbao).
- Goiena: Debagoiena
- Aikor: Txorierri.
- Anboto: Durangaldea.
- Bagabiz Aldizkaria: Gernika.
- Barren: Elgoibar.
- Begitu: Arratia.
- Berton: Bilbao.
- Bizkaie: Txurdinaga, Bilbao.
- Drogetenitturri: Ermua.
- Eta kitto!: Eibar.
- Kalaputxi: Mutriku.
- Pil-pilean: Soraluze.
- Prest!: Deusto, Bilbao.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Biscayan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Alavan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Or in the unified form of this same dialect, Bizkaiko euskerea; other used names are euskera, euzkera, euskala, euskiera, uskera, according to the General Basque Dictionary.
- Zuazo, Koldo. "Clasificación actual de los dialectos". hiru.eus. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- "El Dialecto Bizkaino". hiru.eus. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
En el estudio llevado a cabo por Yrizar en 1970, el bizkaino era hablado por unos 200.000 hablantes.
- Zuazo, Koldo (2015). "Euskalkiak - Ezaugarriak". euskalkiak.eus. University of the Basque Country. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
- Amuriza, Xabier. "Bizkaierazko gitxieneko hiztegia - "Vocabulario básico del vizcaíno" (PDF). mendebalde.com. Bizka


Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation of Organs at Risk on 3D Pelvic CT Images
09/21/2020 ∙ by Zhuangzhuang Zhang, et al. ∙ 0
Automated segmentation of organs-at-risk in pelvic computed tomography (CT) images can assist the radiotherapy treatment planning by saving time and effort of manual contouring and reducing intra-observer and inter-observer variation. However, training high-performance deep-learning segmentation models usually requires broad labeled data, which are labor-intensive to collect. Lack of annotated data presents a significant challenge for many medical imaging-related deep learning solutions. This paper proposes a novel end-to-end convolutional neural network-based semi-supervised adversarial method that can segment multiple organs-at-risk, including prostate, bladder, rectum, left femur, and right femur. New design schemes are introduced to enhance the baseline residual U-net architecture to improve performance. Importantly, new unlabeled CT images are synthesized by a generative adversarial network (GAN) that is trained on given images to overcome the inherent problem of insufficient annotated data in practice. A semi-supervised adversarial strategy is then introduced to utilize labeled and unlabeled 3D CT images. The new method is evaluated on a dataset of 100 training cases and 20 testing cases. Experimental results, including four metrics (dice similarity coefficient, average Hausdorff distance, average surface Hausdorff distance, and relative volume difference), show that the new method outperforms several state-of-the-art segmentation approaches.
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This week in AI


Water and Its Importance to Quail
Food, water, shelter, space, and arrangement. These five key habitat components are important for both humans and wildlife, but may be obtained in nontraditional ways. Quail, for example, need water, but often rely on their diet to meet their water intake requirements.
During spring green-up, quail target newly sprouted plants, not only for their nutrients, but also for their water content. In later spring and summer, fruit-producing plants like blackberries, pokeweed and even poison ivy are great water sources.
As rains become more scarce in summer and vegetation less lush, quail turn to insects like crickets and grasshoppers to meet their water needs. These insects carry quail into the fall. When winter arrives, quail are primarily relying on seeds from native forbs and, depending on the species, some seeds contain quite a bit of water.
So what about surface water? Research by Oklahoma State University at Packsaddle and Beaver River Wildlife Management Areas indicates that water sources may attract quail, but has no effect on their survival or nest success.
Game cameras were installed on water sources like guzzlers or water tanks to capture images of what animals were utilizing the water during the study. Quail were rarely seen visiting the water sources. Instead, other wildlife like coyotes were observed. It was found that "surface water can concentrate quail, but no evidence was found that water led to an increase in the number of quail."
To improve potential water sources for quail and other upland birds on your property, consider the following:
- Limit the use of herbicides and pesticides; if there are no seeds or insects quail will be resource limited.
- Allow native grasses and forbs to grow; these native plants promote a healthy system and are beneficial for livestock and quail.
- Reduce the numbers of exotic or invasive plants; eastern redcedar can use up to 30 gallons of water per day and prevent native plants from growing, along with several other negative effects.
To survive, animals need adequate habitat, but they sometimes utilize different methods than we would think. Though quail don't require water in the traditional sense, it doesn't make water any less important!
Jena Donnell _URL_
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Exploring the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, Montana: Through the Eyes of a Stratigrapher
- Describe the macroscale features of these rocks.
- What depositional environments may be recorded by these strata?
- How could you distinguish between possible depositional environments?
- Describe the sedimentary structures observed here.
- How does this information limit the range of possible depositional environments?
- List depositional environment interpretations for each of these beds. For units that require further inspection, generate some new hypotheses and methods for testing each hypothesis.
- Compare and contrast your interpretations with other geologists
Pathway to Discovery:
Part 1 Description
Detailed outcrop descriptions are a fundamental component of stratigraphy. Bedding character, architecture, color, sedimentary structures and grain size aid depositional environment interpretation. In this section students are given outcrop photos and web resources to aid description and generation of hypotheses.
Generating and testing hypotheses form the foundation of the scientific method. Effective application of multiple working hypotheses and the scientific method is one of the most important skills students can learn because this allows them to answer a variety of "real-world" questions. This section explores the Hell Creek strata by generating and testing hypotheses that explain observations made in Part 1.
One of the most difficult tasks for students is "seeing the big" picture of the work they do and the literature they read. Making such connections is one of primary ways that truly unique, applicable ideas are formulated. In this section students are asked to summarize their interpretations and the evidence that supports their interpretations then compare and contrast their interpretations with previous work. They must then critique their own work, the work of others and suggest a future research project that addresses some unexplored or controversial aspect of the Hell Creek Formation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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How to take and share a screen shot in WindowsBy Lawrence Abrams on December 27, 2004 | Last Updated: December 13, 2012 | Read 260,508 times.
Table of Contents
Windows gives you the ability to take a snapshot of what is shown on your computer screen and save it as a file. You can then view this image at a later date to see what your screen looked like or share this image with other people to view. You may be asking why this is important and why you would want to share screen shots of your computer. Two reasons come to mind, though there are many others:
When you take a screen shot, the image must be saved on your computer. We will discuss this as well in this tutorial.
It is important to note that any window, whether it is a dialog box, message box, or program window, is considered an active window and will be what is placed in the screen shot. Instructions of how to save this screen shot as an image file on your computer can be found below.
IrfanView can be downloaded from the following link:
IrfanView Download Link [Download Link]
Download and install IrfanView on to your computer. When it has finished installing, double-click on the icon found in your Start Menu under the IrfanView program group. When you open the program you will see a black window with nothing in it. Now take a screen shot of a window or your screen by pressing the appropriate keys explained above.
Now that a screen shot has been made, we want to paste that screen shot into IrfanView. If it is not opened already, open the program and click on the Edit menu and then select the Paste menu option. Once you click on the Paste button you will see your screen shot that you took previously now inside the IrfanView program. To save this screen shot, you would click on the File menu and then select Save As. When the Save Picture As... dialog box opens type in the name you would like to save the image as in the File Name field. Then change the Save as type: menu to either a GIF or a JPEG. Change the Save in selection to the directory you would like to save the image and then press the Save button.
Now the image has been saved onto your computer in the location you specified, you can close IrfanView. The next part of this tutorial will explain how to share this image for others to see.
Now that the file is saved on your hard drive, you want to be able to share that image for others to view. One free service that we recommend is Photobucket. Photobucket is a free service that allows you to upload and share images on your computer so that other people on the Internet can view them. To use Photobucket you must first register at their site. Simply fill out the form and follow the instructions for becoming a free member of their site. Once you are a member you should login and you will be presented with the Add Pictures screen.
Browse to the picture you would like to upload and then press the Submit button. Once you submit the picture you will be presented with a screen that shows all the pictures you have uploaded with your account on to Photobucket. Below each picture you will see the words Url, Tag, and Img. I will explain what each of these means and when to use them.
As always, if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask them in our computer help forums.
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Knowing the hill forest on the west slopes of Gunung Palung from my thesis research at the Cabang Panti Research Station many years ago, I have been looking forward to seeking differences in tree composition in this valley. Most of the valley's forest occurs on ridges and slopes of granite-derived sandy soils (see this paper by Chuck Cannon & Mark Leighton). However, around our camp there is also some lovely, flat alluvial forest, at an elevation of 230 meters. An area of very hard rock (a basalt dike?) underlies the valley a half kilometer downstream from our campsite, creating a high waterfall called Riam Parit. This block seems to have 'dammed' the erosional deposits in the valley above, creating a surprisingly large area of flat, fertile alluvium.
Low-elevation alluvial forests near the big rivers of Borneo are the most diverse on the island and contain the biggest trees, and are also the first to be converted to agriculture. It will be interesting to see if this slightly higher elevation alluvial forest, isolated from the true alluvial forests, contains any of the tree species typical of these forests. My first impression, as we set up our first 50 square meter inventory plot on Friday, is that most of the species on this alluvium are typical of granite hill forest, but are those requiring higher nutrient sites. However, some species (e.g., Dipterocarpus tempehes) are seldom found in hill forest and must be small, relatively isolated populations. As soon as we have marked out the six survey plots (three in alluvium and three on the drier hills), we'll begin assessing the species composition to provide a better idea of what is growing here. Stay tuned.


literary works like "Kanthar Alangaram", "Kanthar Anubhoothi", "Kantha Sasti kavacham", "Kantha Guru Kavacham" etc. Why would Tamils call all these works as scrap??
In fact the purana about Kantha-puranam, tells us about the rigorous intellectual debates that went behind, before it was accepted as a purana.
Here's the version:
Katchiappa Shivacharyar was born in Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu in the Kaumaram sect that worships Kantha(Murugan). Once he had a vision in which the Lord asked him to bring his sacred purana to the Tamil people, from the Sanskrit version. HE gave clear instructions on the source material: Shiva-Rahasya Khanda of Shankara Samhita of Skanda Purana. HE also gave the author, the first few Tamil words with which to start the purana (Thigada-sakkara...).
Every day the author would prepare 100 verses and keep it at the feet of Muruga's murthi at Kumarakottam temple at night. The next morning he would find it corrected for grammar and poetic usage of language.
Once he completed his work, Shivacharyar went to the learned assembly of scholars and submitted it for peer-review. To his disappointment, the very first words (incidentally given by Muruga) of the book were rejected by the scholars stating that it contradicted the rules-of-union of words as per Tamil grammar. He went back home dejected to re-work on his product.
The next day, an old scholar (Muruga Himself or someone blessed by Him) appeared in the assembly in defense of the choice of words of Shivacharyar. He provided citations from another Tamil work called Veera-Choliyam (Sandhi chapter, 15th verse) where such grammatical unions were used and were approved by the learned scholars. The assembly was satisfied at that point and the work became published for mass consumption as a purana.
Calling such a purana, a scrap-bag?
Divya J writes another blazing rebuttal on the views of Sheldon Pollock
Below is a post by Divya J, a member on the forum. She had tried posting a truncated version of the same under Rohan Murty's article in the Times of India. It was rejected. The full version is being reproduced here.
Sheldon Pollock proclaims that "the characters of the 'Ramayana' believe themselves to be denied all freedom of choice; … and consequently can exercise no control." He laments the dire consequences our epics have had on our civilization and wants to set things right by liberating us Hindus from our fatalistic beliefs. If only we could see things through his lens we too would understand that we have free will and can exercise our agency. This attitude betrays a dismal lack of understanding about the very essence of our culture and traditions. As we would say back home, "after listening to the entire Ramayana, he doesn't even know who Rama is!"
Before we get into how badly wrong Pollock is, it would be helpful to know a brief history of the idea of "free will". Free will as a concept did not feature in the rich intellectual traditions of the pagan philosophers of Greece and Rome. Similarly, the idea of "free will" is completely alien to the Indian traditions which have always held a decidedly deterministic stance. Of course the western world uses the derogatory term "fatalistic" instead of "deterministic" when speaking of the Indians, but let's overlook that for now. One thing we do know is that the Indian philosophers excelled in their understanding of human psychology and spoke at length about a variety of mental states. They broadly categorized manas, buddhi, and chitta along with other more nuanced mental states and mental processes. Nowhere did they identify anything such as "free will". Instead they came to the conclusion that we are not the agents of our actions and that the idea of agency is an illusion.
So why is Pollock so confident that free will exists? Whatever his secular pretensions may be, "free will" is actually a very Christian idea. It turned up in the literature around the 4th century after the birth of Christianity. Christian doctrine tells us that God created the world and that everything that happens in this world happens in accordance with His will. This claim, and every other claim made by Christianity, is presented as a truth claim. In other words, just as it is true that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen, it is true that the Christian God created the world and governs it. Naturally this "truth" had its consequences and soon enough gave rise to what is commonly referred to as the "problem of evil". If God is perfect and good and if everything happens according to his will, then how can we explain the fact that there is so much evil in this world? Enter, free will. The problem of evil was conveniently explained by the fact that God gave human beings the freedom to choose between good and evil. Because human beings are sinners they often choose to do evil. Therefore, even though God is perfect, there is evil in the world because of our God-given free choice. This explanation about the world is absolutely crucial to Christianity otherwise their doctrine of a perfect God falls apart. This Christian idea of free will has now become so deeply entrenched in the western psyche that it is taken for granted. "Freedom" and "choice" are words frequently used in the West as if it is the most natural thing in the world to be free and to be able to choose.
However, with developments in science, with the understanding that matter and energy are interchangeable, as a challenge to the notion of mind-body duality, and with developments in cognitive science and neuro-science, some western scientists and philosophers began to question the existence of free will. The debate has been raging ever since. In the overarching folk psychology of the West and among the religious believers, the concept of free will is very much alive. However, among the scientific community it is strongly disputed, if not outright rejected.
The question to consider is this: what exactly are we free from? We are subject to the laws of physics in the same way that rocks and water and mice and dolphins are. Yes we have a subjective experience of ourselves but this "self" of ours exists only because life exists. Otherwise, we are just what the universe happens to be doing in a place called the here and now that we localize for ourselves with the pronoun "I". We split up the world into different parts and give different names to different things. We consider our "self" as being separate from the world and believe we go around doing things independently of the "world". But as our sages have pointed out, this split of "doer-action-deed" is just our human perspective and is our way of making sense of the world. They try and show us that this is only a superficial understanding and that the separate feeling of "I" is only an appearance but is not actually real.
The same laws that govern the world govern our bodies as well as the thoughts and feelings that we believe to be inside of us. But there is no "inside"; there is no dividing line between us and the world. So in a way we are just like puppets, without any agency, but from another perspective, these laws of the universe constitute our very selves and determine how we act and react. We have the illusion of making choices and of being agents, but our wants, preferences, and needs are determined by the way the universe is. In reality there is no individual agency that is separate from the flow of the entire universe.
This idea that "I" am not the thinker of my thoughts and that "I" am not the doer of my deeds lies at the heart and soul of Indian civilization and forms its very foundation. It permeates our folk traditions as well as our intellectual traditions and our artistic traditions, and is woven into the fabric of all the metaphors all over the place. Our sages repeatedly tell us that the idea of subject-object-verb is an illusion and that the only way to lasting happiness is to understand this fact. Our traditions provide us with many ways and means to help us come to this realization. One of these ways is through the stories told in our itihasa and puranas. Our stories of Arjun and Rama, of monkeys and jackals, of sages and fools, convey these same ideas and have the same power to lead to enlightenment as does the chanting of Vedic mantras or the pursuit of logic.
However, this does not mean that once the sages had this realization they expected everyone in the world to stop in their tracks and give up on the world because we had no agency anyway, so why bother. They understood that such knowledge dawns at its own pace and that it is the human condition to live with some illusions about the nature of the self. So our traditions also teach us how to live in the world, in society and in communities and within families. The very same stories and rituals that help us in overcoming worldly illusions also teach us about living in the world since we are an integral part of the leela. What Sheldon Pollock fails to notice is that Rama was educated to live in the world, he was educated to govern, and he was trained for battle. He was taught the right manners and nurtured with the right attitudes towards the world and towards his family. And when the time came to go to war he did not just sit back and let the universe take its course. He consulted with his ministers, he strategized and planned, coaxed and pleaded, connived


Nahdet Masr – Egypt's Awakening
Nahdet Masr statue
Nahdet Masr and Muslim Brotherhood supporters. Nov 30,2012
Nahdet Masr or Egypt's Awakening, the rose granite monumental statue that faces University Bridge in Giza, was born out of another era. Mahmoud Mukhtar (_PHONE_) sculptured Nahdet Masr to symbolize Egyptian national aspirations during the struggle for independence from British occupation that began in 1882. Mahmoud Mukhtar lived during tumultuous times not unlike what we are experiencing today. On the heels of World War I and in the wake of Egypt's 1919 Revolution, his response to the social and political changes of the day was in his art. By using his sculptures as vehicles to express the nation's awakening and national identity, he revived Egypt's old glory and raised Egyptian pride drawn from the antiquities of ancient Egypt.
4165801The Nahdet Masr statue is of a Sphinx and a peasant woman both representing Egypt. With her left hand she begins to unveil her face signifying Egypt's revival while her right arm stretches over the Sphinx, which recalls the greatness of Egypt's history. The sculptures pyramidal shape signifies resolve and confidence in the future. The Sphinx rises on it front paws to denote strength to intimidate its foes and enthusiasm for the future. The sculpture was fist unveiled in 1928 in front of the train station in Bab al -Hadid. In 1955 it was transferred to Giza and erected facing east so that each day as the sun strikes the monument as if to awaken Egypt.
Could Mahmoud Mukhtar be turning over in his grave as the Muslim Brotherhood rally around Nahdet Masr? Can all Egyptians, no matter their ideology, look to Nahdet Masr as a representation of expressions of national aspirations and identity? Or is this exactly what Mukhtar had in mind when he unveiled his sculpture to the world? The answer might be found in Mukhtar's own words, he said, "that he wished to create a statue that combined all the dreams of Egypt and its civilization, blending the glorious past with the nation's future aspirations. This is how the idea of Nahdet Masr was born." ("Tale of a statue: Nahdet Masr", Al Ahram Weekly, May 24-30, 2012).
Egypt has been a crossroad for every major civilization in the world and remnants of these ancient civilizations still remain, real treasures of world heritage. These relics are touchstones to past and give us insight to why it is in human nature to be remembered and glorified. From ancient Egyptians use of the pyramids and obelisks that symbolized timelessness and memorialization to the Mamluk's tomb complexes to present-day street statues, the use of monuments, sculptures, and statues have always represents authority, glory and identity of societies and civilizations.
Do people really care about these symbols? Judging from the defacing graffiti and the statues, on the demonstrator's routes, used as a climbing frame for a higher vantage point, the symbolism and significance of the statues that commemorate outstanding contributions of Egyptian leaders as well as representing national identity seemingly holds little importance in the public's consciousness. At best, the statues are invisible, (which may be what protects them from destruction).
Is Egypt experiencing a democratic awakening or falling into dismal chaos? It is certain that the ousted government of Hosny Mubarak had a 30 year window to position Egypt as a developed country. It is noteworthy to remember that under Mubarak, Egyptians did live in peace for 3 decades and the country's infrastructure did improve i.e. metro system, road and bridge development. There was progress in many fields and in some sectors the economy was doing well. However, Mubarak's government also turned a blind eye to the growing demand for political diversity and ignored serious poverty, population and unemployment issues, combined with the Internet, Twitter, Facebook – all components that level the playing field – and the overwhelming pressure of the underrepresented, Egypt's so-called revolution began to play itself out again on January 25, 2011, but can it be labeled an 'awakening' or 'revival'? The road will be long to answer that question.
Muslim Brotherhood rally on Nov.30, 2012 in front of Cairo University, Giza
5 thoughts on "Nahdet Masr – Egypt's Awakening
 1. Pingback: Nahdet Masr: Woman, Sphinx, and the Question of Modernity
 2. Thank you for reading my article on Nahdet Masr. Please give proper credit to my photograph of Nahdet Masr in your article as it is protected under international copyright law.
 Thank you
 Lesley Lababidi
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Philippine folk dance is one of the Philippine cultures that incorporate influences from immigrants and conquerors while at the same time maintaining their own national identity. The dances of the Philippines were developed while Filipinos were working in the fields, celebrating feasts, harvests, births and weddings.
Thursday, April 21, 2011
Philippine Folk Dance
Here's the list of popular Philippine Folk Dances from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao:
A. Philippine Folk Dances from Luzon
The Banga or pot dance is a contemporary performance of Kalinga of the Mountain Province in the Philippines. This dance illustrates the languid grace of a tribe otherwise known as fierce warriors.
Maglalatik was originally performed in Biñan, Laguna as a mock-war dance that demonstrates a fight between the Moros and the Christians over the prized latik or coconut meat during the Spanish rule, this dance is also shown to pay tribute to the town's patron saint, San Isidro Labrador.
Pandanggo sa Ilaw
3. Pandanggo sa Ilaw
Pandanggo sa Ilaw - The word pandanggo comes from the Spanish dance "fandango"characterized with lively steps and clapping while following a varying ¾ beat. Pandanggo requires excellent balancing skill to maintain the stability of three tinggoy, or oil lamps, placed on head and at the back of each hand. This famous dance of grace and balance originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro.
B. Philippine Folk Dances from Visayas
Tinikling means "bamboo dance" in English. The dance imitates the movement of the tikling birds as they walk between grass stems, run over tree branches, or dodge bamboo traps set by rice farmers. Dancers imitate the tikling bird's legendary grace and speed by skillfully maneuvering between large bamboo poles.
The Kuratsa is highly favored by the Waray people of the Eastern Visayan region in the Philippines. Strictly speaking, The Kuratsa must be done the amenudo; that is, only one couple dances it at a time. the Kuratsa is however, very different in the manner of execution to the Mexican counterpart.
3. Mazurka Boholana
Mazurka Boholana is a Spanish-inspired ballroom dance from the Bohol province of the Philippines. Although the mazurka is the Polish national dance, it was wildly popular throughout Europe in the 19th century and even in colonized lands overseas.
C. Philippine Folk Dances from Mindanao
The Itik-Itik is a dance from Surigao del Norte, in which the movements of a duck are imitated. An itik is a species of duck.
The Maranao dance called Singkil is in the repertory of all Filipino dance troupes. In 1958 the Bayanihan Dance troupe started with a simple version and has since developed it into a theatrical and stylized spectacle to the point of its becoming the troupe's signature piece.
Performed at Tausog weddings in Jolo, the Kandingan consists of figures and steps based on classical and traditional Indian dance forms. Dancers perform with slightly bent knees turned outward, fingers held stiffly together with the thumb outward and apart.


Digital Computer Integrated Automation Systems
Digital Computer Applications
There are such applications of minicomputers as: Supervision of plant operating data with alarm recording, data logging and process monitoring of the process.
Automation and control systems can be conveniently integrated with minicomputer digital processors. Interface units apt to handle all inputs and outputs problems from the process to the computer (Fig. 1) are available, depending on the type of solution contemplated.
Fig. 1. Process of the computer
On demand digital display of plant variables. Event recording: print out of the various plant variables on occurrence of an event, with the chronological history of groups of events in their exact sequence.
Recording of the value of the various plant variables in the time intervals preceeding the occurrence of a fault condition.
Trend recording: recording of the tendency of a variable to exceed set-point value over a short and medium term.
Recording of the maximum off-normal drift of a variable from threshold value.
Sequence control: for groups of variables.
Optimization of complex automation systems with set-point value correction by the computer.
Plant efficiency and performance calculations.
Operator guide: processing of the data collected by comparison with the optimum memorized operating program in order to furnish guidance to the operator.
Information storage: collection of data relating to plant operation. Formulation of consents and locks based on complex programs including non-linear functions of plant parameters.
Data communication: local processing of the variables by the peripheral microcomputers with data transmission to the central microcomputer. Microcomputer. The microcomputer is a control unit with extremely flexible program; modern electronic technology has made this facility available for application in the solution of control problems which heretofore had to be handled by wired logic or relay logic.
Easily expandable high speed programs include complex arithmetic and logic operations.
The microcomputer itself comes as a conventional electronic unit mounted on standard racks apt to contain several plug-in type modules. The following modules are fitted in the standard rack:
 1. Central Processor Unit (CPU). CPU performs arithmetical and logical calculations at high speed with 8 bit words: it performs all the processing functions and is capable of addressing itself up to 64 memory bits.
 2. Electronic type programmable memory (PROM) or fixed memory (ROM).
 3. Memory module for electronic type data.
 4. Input module connecting the CPU with the process.
 5. Output module, to dispatch the microcomputer information toward the process.
 6. Interface module, to adapt the input signals and input/output card capacity to the multiplexing and demultiplexing units and for A/D to D/A conversion.
Computer Hardware
The heart of the system is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which holds both program and data, an Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU), which contains processing circuitry such as an adder, shifter, and a few fast registers for holding the operands, and the instruction currently being processed (Fig. 2). The program counter would also be included in the ALU.
One part of the CPU is a set of routing circuits which provide path between storage and the ALU and input/output controllers or channels. Many storage or input devices may be wired to one channel; but only one device per channel can be transmitting information from or to main storage at any one time.
Fig. 2. General organization of a computer system
In general, large computers may be thought of as having four distinct parts: a high-speed calculating unit, a memory unit, an input device and an output device.


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Christabel - Tags - themes
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- In Coleridge's poem "Christabel", what unnatural things happen when Christabel and Geraldine enter the castle?
- How is the 'damsel bright' described in Coleredge's poem "Christabel"?
- What are examples of symbolism in "Christabel" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge?
- Who is the speaker of this quote from Coleridge's poem "Christabel" - "Have pity on my sore distress"? What...
- In Coleridge's poem "Christabel", why does Christabel leave the castle of her father at the middle of the night?


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Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. (Source: WHO)
Person lacking one or more physical power, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment. (Source: GEMET/CED)
person with disabilities
In other languages
personas con discapacidad
Multilateral environment agreements tagged with 残疾人
You can see below a list of multilateral environment agreements. Use the links on the right to view the content tagged with 残疾人. This includes official treaty texts, decisions, recommendations, and other related informational documents such as publications, annuals, meetings, documents or reports.


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Science -- Asher et al. 307 (5712): 1091:
We describe several fossils referable to Gomphos elkema from deposits close to the Paleocene-Eocene boundary at Tsagan Khushu, Mongolia. Gomphos shares a suite of cranioskeletal characters with extant rabbits, hares, and pikas but retains a primitive dentition and jaw compared to its modern relatives. Phylogenetic analysis supports the position of Gomphos as a stem lagomorph and excludes Cretaceous taxa from the crown radiation of placental mammals. Our results support the hypothesis that rodents and lagomorphs radiated during the Cenozoic and diverged from other placental mammals close to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.
Lagomorphs are rabbits, hares, and pikas. This might be referred to as a "missing link" of the rodents. Why do we care? Most mammals are rodents, and this tells us about the evolution of the most successful group of mammals. Cool!


Ray Tracing Technology
Introduced by Turner Whitted in 1979, ray tracing is a computer graphics technique which creates images by shooting and tracing rays. Ray tracing allows accurate rendering of an object by articulating the natural lighting effects such as reflections, refractions, transmissions, shadows and global lighting.
This cutting-edge technique is especially powerful when rendering complex optical phenomenon such as reflected objects on a car window. Because the introduction of ever more cinema-quality 3D images is a mainstream trend of long standing 3D computer graphics, the introduction of ray tracing hardwired GPU is considered an innovative evolution which will aggrandize the visual computing world to the next level. Read More
Here are the demos which provide indisputable benefits of ray tracing GPU technology. Ray tracing GPU demos run along with relative rasterization GPU demos in order to perform apple-to-apple technology comparison.
See Demo


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- Which is the fastest draining soil?
- What are the 3 soil particles?
- What is the name of the soil that is 60% silt 20% sand and 20% clay?
- What are the 5 components of air?
- What percentage of oxygen is in exhaled air?
- What are the 4 types of soil?
- Is there air in the soil?
- Is there oxygen in the soil?
- Does Sand hold air?
- Which sand is best for gardening?
- How do you get oxygen into soil?
- Does adding sand to soil make it drain better?
- What percentage of air is?
- What is the smallest soil particle?
- How much air is in typical soil?
- Which soil contains more air?
- Does soil breathe?
- Who is the father of soil science?
- Does sand absorb water?
- Is Gravel bigger than sand?
- Is air matter Yes or no?
Which is the fastest draining soil?
sandy soilThe space between sand particles is large for water to flow through it.
Hence sandy soil drains faster than other types of soil..
What are the 3 soil particles?
Soil particles vary greatly in size, and soil scientists classify soil particles into sand, silt, and clay. Starting with the finest, clay particles are smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter. Some clay particles are so small that ordinary microscopes do not show them. Silt particles are from 0.002 to 0.05 mm in diameter.
What is the name of the soil that is 60% silt 20% sand and 20% clay?
loamThe term loam refers to a soil with a combination of sand, silt, and clay sized particles.
What are the 5 components of air?
Components of Air – Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Water Vapour.
What percentage of oxygen is in exhaled air?
21 16Inhaled and exhaled airGas% in inhaled air% in exhaled airOxygen2116Carbon dioxide0.044Nitrogen7979NB These figures are approximate.
What are the 4 types of soil?
Soil is classified into four types:Sandy soil.Silt Soil.Clay Soil.Loamy Soil.
Is there air in the soil?
Soil is an organism that breathes in and out. Pores not filled with water are filled with soil air: a mixture of 79% nitrogen, less than 20.6% oxygen, and generally more than 0.2% carbon dioxide (CO2). The air in soil is in constant exchange with the atmosphere.
Is there oxygen in the soil?
The oxygen present in the atmosphere of the soil is used in different processes and may be limited by flooding or by soil compaction, affecting plant growth (Hillel, 2003; Lal and Shukla, 2004). There are three conditions that relate soil oxygen concentration to plants.
Does Sand hold air?
Sand particles are the largest and tend to hold little water but allow good aeration. Clay particles are very small in size and tend to pack down so that water does not drain well and little or no air can penetrate. Silt particles are medium sized and have properties in between those of sand and clay.
Which sand is best for gardening?
Due to its versatility, Sharp Sand is a good garden all-rounder. Ideal for screeds, renders or concrete, Sharp Sand can also be used when laying slabs or block paving….Sharp Sand:Washed, lime-free coarse sand.Improves drainage in seed and potting compost.Horticultural grade.
How do you get oxygen into soil?
Aerating soil or media allows for good plant growth, and regular cultivation of the soil and growing container allows the roots to draw in needed oxygen.
Does adding sand to soil make it drain better?
Sand is one of the cheapest things you can add to your garden soil that will help to break up the soil. The small particle size of the sand will get in between soil clods and break them up, increase drainage, and help to aerate the soil for good root development.
What percentage of air is?
Air is mostly gas The air in Earth's atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen. Air also has small amounts of lots of other gases, too, such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen.
What is the smallest soil particle?
clay particlesTexture – The particles that make up soil are categorized into three groups by size: sand, silt, and clay. Sand particles are the largest and clay particles the smallest.
How much air is in typical soil?
Soil Composition The basic components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water and air. The typical soil consists of approximately 45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 20-30% water, and 20-30% air. These percentages are only generalizations at best.
Which soil contains more air?
Loam soils generally contain more nutrients, moisture, and humus than sandy soils, have better drainage and infiltration of water and air than silt and clay-rich soils, and are easier to till than clay soils.
Does soil breathe?
Soils Breathe From burrowers to bacteria, the organisms that live in soils respire. Most of them take in oxygen to do their work, and they give off carbon dioxide, just as humans do. Soils breathe because they shelter and support living organisms.
Who is the father of soil science?
Vasily DokuchaevCelebrating the 175th anniversary of Vasily Dokuchaev, the father of soil science.
Does sand absorb water?
Sand absorbs water because sand particles have pores in them that, when dry, are filled with air. When the sand particles are wet, the air in the spores is replaced with water. … Sand by itself, without containing loam, silt or clay, has the least absorbent water capacity of all the soil types.
Is Gravel bigger than sand?
The difference between sand and gravel is simply the size of the material in question. … Sand particles are larger than silt but smaller than gravel. Gravel is a granular material derived from the erosion of rocks, ranging in size from 4.75 mm to 75 mm. Gravel particles are larger than sand but smaller than boulders.
Is air matter Yes or no?
But, like solids and liquids, air is matter. It has weight (more than we might imagine), it takes up space, and it is composed of particles too small and too spread apart to see. Air, a mixture of gases, shares properties with water vapor, the gaseous form of water that is part of air.


text: Molecular recognition is central to all biological processes. For the past 50 years, Koshland's 'induced fit' hypothesis has been the textbook explanation for molecular recognition events. However, recent experimental evidence supports an alternative mechanism. 'Conformational selection' postulates that all protein conformations pre-exist, and the ligand selects the most favored conformation. Following binding the ensemble undergoes a population shift, redistributing the conformational states. Both conformational selection and induced fit appear to play roles. Following binding by a primary conformational selection event, optimization of side chain and backbone interactions is likely to proceed by an induced fit mechanism. Conformational selection has been observed for protein-ligand, protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-RNA and RNA-ligand interactions. These data support a new molecular recognition paradigm for processes as diverse as signaling, catalysis, gene regulation and protein aggregation in disease, which has the potential to significantly impact our views and strategies in drug design, biomolecular engineering and molecular evolution.


text: Active RNA polymerase (RNAP) somehow remains both stable and mobile. In the 28 July Science Korzheva et al. combine the X-ray crystal structure of Thermus aquaticus (Taq) core RNAP with their own crosslinking data to derive a model of a functioning bacterial core RNAP (Science 2000, 289:619-625). At the front, a 20° hinged movement closes the RNAP "jaws" around the downstream DNA. At the back of the RNAP, the rudder region is positioned to separate the exiting RNA from the DNA template strand. Termination probably comes when an RNA hairpin disrupts interactions with the rudder, triggering collapse of the transcription bubble.


text:
The research is on assets of revaluation and assessment of borrowing capacity for selected banks in Nigeria. The study proposes that asset valuation occurs to signal available borrowing capacity via increase in collateral values and the time of increase in secured debt that the economic benefit associate with an asset revaluation will be greatest for banks when they are experiencing time of declining cash flows from operations. The study also looks at whether the incidence of valuation coincides with increase in level of secured borrowing due to the lenders demand for current value of assets offered as collaterals. Results there is significant difference between methods of valuations and declining cash flows experience from operating activities of banks. The evidence also indicate that there significant difference between asset revaluation and borrowing capacity by banks. Based on this findings, the researcher believes that there are adequate legal regulations to curtail indiscriminate assets revaluations by firms, and also assets value of a firm is the most important determinant of its borrowing capacity. Finally, assets revaluations performed by independence valuer is more reliable than that performed by the directors of the firm.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page i
Title Page ii
Approval Page iii
Table of Contents viii
Chapter One: Introduction 1
Chapter Two: Literature Review 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Revaluation of Fixed Asset 11
2.3 Reasons for Revaluation 11
2.4 Methods of Revaluation of Fixed Assets 13
2.5 Determinants of Borrowing Capacity 15
2.6 Assessing Financial Needs 17
2.7 Importance of Bank Lending 19
2.8 Regulation of Bank Lending in Nigeria 22
2.9 Repayment of the Advance 24
Chapter Three: Research Method and Design 25
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Research Design 25
3.3 Description of Population of the Study 25
3.4 Sample Size 26
3.5 Sampling Techniques 26
3.6 Sources of Data Collection 26
3.7 Method of Data Presentation 27
3.8 Method of Data Analysis 27
Chapter Four: Data Presentation, Analysis and
4.1 Introduction 29
4.2 Presentation of Data 29
4.3 Data Analysis 30
4.4 Hypotheses Testing 40
Chapter Five: Summary of Findings, Conclusion and
5.1 Introduction 48
5.2 Summary of Findings 48
5.3 Conclusion 49
5.4 Recommendations 49
Appendix I 52
Appendix II 53
Background of the Study
Asset valuation has always been a major subject of studies accounting standards, as the issue is closely related to measurement and disclosure of corporate income. Prior research has found support for contracting, political cost and information asymmetry explanations for management's decision to revalue non-current assets (Cotter & Zimmer, 2005). They further argued that the economic benefits associated with asset revaluation by firms are greatest for such firms when they are experiencing times of declining cash flows from operations.
Evidence also indicates that firms are more likely to record re asset revelation when they intend increasing their secured borrowings and that most non-year-end revaluations emanate directly from contracting with lenders (Cotter & Zimmer, 2005).
According to Osanyame (2006), when a request for, a loan is received, it is important to ascertain the credit worthiness of the borrower, i.e. the firm memorandum and articles of association need to be pursued to see if there is any precluding clauses or limitations on borrowing. The importance of this examination has been covered in law relating to banking in which a banker has to be knowledgeable.
The failure by banks in the assessment of the borrowing capacity of firms have been a major stumbling block for the industry. Many banks have work under, due to this singular act which leads to the granting of loans to firms disgusting their financial reports with grand figures of revalued asset so as to increase their borrowing capacity.
The banking sector of the Nigeria economy has witnessed many banks going under most of which has been their inability to recoup loans borrowed to firms and interest from such.
The proper assessment of the borrowing capacity of firms need to be ascertained by banks, bearing in minds the revalued figures of the assets stated in the financial reports and their actual current market values.
1.2 Statement of Problem
It has often been argued that, in order to continually uphold the issue of reliability and relevance, the financial statement must show the true financial position of an entity. In a bid to ensure that these characteristics are achieved, the need for revaluation of assets became necessary. Also, the value of assets available tends to affect the borrowing capacity f firms.
1.3 Research Questions
The following are the research questions of the study;
i. Do firms undertaking asset revaluation most likely to experience decline in cashflow operation than firms that do not revalue?
ii. How does the revaluation of assets undertaken with the main aim of boosting the firm borrowing capacity?
iii. Is there adequate legal regulation to curtail indiscriminate asset revaluation by firms?
iv. How is the asset value of a firm the most important determinant of its borrowing capacity?
v. To what extent is the assets revaluation performed by independent value reliable than the performance by directors?
1.4 Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study are stated below;
i. To ascertain if the firms undertaking asset revaluation most likely to experience decline in cashflow operation than firms that do not revalue.
ii. To ascertain if the revaluation of assets is the main aim of boosting the firm borrowing capacity.
iii. To examine if there is adequate legal regulation to curtail indiscrimination of asset revaluation by firms.
iv. To ascertain if the asset value of a firm the most important determinant of its borrowing capacity.
v. To determine to what extent the assets revaluation performed by independent value reliable than the performance by directors.
1.5 Statement of Hypothesis
HO: Firms undertaking asset revaluation are not likely to be experiencing declining cashflow operation than firms that do not revalue.
HI: Firms undertaking asset revaluation are likely to be experiencing declining cashflow operation that firms that do not revalue.
HO: The revaluation of assets is not undertaken with the main aim of boosting the firm borrowing capacity.
HI: The revaluation of assets is undertaken with the main aim of boosting the firm borrowing capacity.
HO: There is no adequate legal regulation to curtail indiscriminate asset revaluation by firms.
HI: There is adequate legal regulation to curtail indiscriminate asset revaluation by firms.
HO: Asset value of a firm is not the most important determinant of its borrowing capacity.
HI: Asset value of a firm is the most important determinant of its borrowing capacity.
HO: Assets revaluation performed by independent value are not reliable than the performance by directors.
HI: Assets revaluation performed by independent value are reliable than the performance by directors.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research work will be paramount use to the following groups:
Lenders: The research work centers are how assets revaluation affects the borrowing capacity of firm. It seeks to unveil the critical avenue through which assets revaluation tends to affect the borrowing capacity of a firm. It explains the need for lenders to further assess the cash flow from operating activities in analyzing the borrowing capacity of firms.
Business organization: Due to the sensitive nature of assets revaluation, it is necessary or firms to understand the underlying mechanism for assets revaluation, it timing, benefits and problems. This research work, thus provides a rich source of such information. It also brings to the awareness of business organization. The legal regulations put to prevent indiscriminate revaluation by management.
Shareholders/Stakeholders: Business organizations are managed on behalf of its shareholders/stakeholders. The separation of ownership and control of business organization necessitates the need to put in place mechanism to mitigate. Incentive problems and conflicts interest between owners and managers of Business organization. The shareholders are therefore required to have a balanced understanding of the concept of assets revaluation as its affects the borrowing capacity of the firm. The reason is that, reserve.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The concept of assets revaluation is of universal importance to both the accounting field and other social science courses, Its effects on the firm's financial position and ability to obtain debt financial (financial leverage) makes on issue that cannot be neglected.
This research work is designed to explain the concept of assets revaluation and assessment of borrowing capacity (the need for assets revaluation,, the types of revaluation-their benefit and setback, the legal and other regulations governing assets revaluation, the factors affecting asset revaluation and assessment of borrowing capacity and the effect of financial leverage and cash flow on the borrowing capacity of a firm.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
The major limitation of this study is the constraint of time and finance as the study was conducted amidst tight schedule of both strict budget and time constrains in which many wants compete for limited resources.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Asset Valuation: An asset valuation shows that estimating market value of a financial asset or liability.
Borrowing Capacity: The ability of a firm to borrow funds and pay back such at the stipulated time with interest without experiencing any decline in cash flow.
Safety: This shows the bank consideration of its lending decision.
Liquidity: Is the ability of the organization to meet short term maturity obligations.
Fair Market Value: Is the cash price an item would sell for between a willing buyer and willing seller assuming they both have knowledge of the relevant facts and they have no compulsion to buy or sell.
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Creating SQL Server Agent Proxies
A SQL Server Agent proxy defines the security context for a job step. A proxy provides SQL Server Agent with access to the security credentials for a Microsoft Windows user. Each proxy can be associated with one or more subsystems. A job step that uses the proxy can access the specified subsystems by using the security context of the Windows user. Before SQL Server Agent runs a job step that uses a proxy, SQL Server Agent impersonates the credentials defined in the proxy, and then runs the job step by using that security context.
Job steps that execute Transact-SQL do not use SQL Server Agent proxies. Transact-SQL job steps run in the security context of the owner of the job. To set the security context for a Transact-SQL job step, use the database_user_name parameter in the sp_add_jobstep stored procedure. For more information, see sp_add_jobstep (Transact-SQL).
SQL Server Agent proxies use credentials to store information about Windows user accounts. The user specified in the credential must have "Log on as a batch job" permission on the computer on which SQL Server is running.
SQL Server Agent checks subsystem access for a proxy and gives access to the proxy each time the job step runs. If the proxy no longer has access to the subsystem, the job step fails. Otherwise, SQL Server Agent impersonates the user that is specified in the proxy and runs the job step.
Creation of a proxy does not change the permissions for the user that is specified in the credential for the proxy. For example, you can create a proxy for a user that does not have permission to connect to an instance of SQL Server. In this case, job steps that use that proxy are unable to connect to SQL Server.
A user must have access to a proxy to use the proxy in a job step. Access can be granted to three types of security principals:
 - SQL Server logins
 - Server roles
 - Roles within the msdb database
If the login for the user has access to the proxy, or the user belongs to any role with access to the proxy, the user can use the proxy in a job step.
Members of the sysadmin fixed server role have access to all proxies in the instance.
The following section provides links to common tasks for working with proxies.
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TARDIS Index File
Clock person
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The Clock people were a race who lived in the time vortex.
Biology Edit
The Clock people granted individuals the ability to alter their pasts by correcting mistakes. People who accepted had their timelines erased, since it unravelled their personal history. This allowed the Clock people to take their physical place. The Clock people developed clock-like faces and had clockwork replacing their internal organs. They could also turn back time in their immediate vicinity by two minutes, allowing them to erase moments such as being shot, but turning back even this much time caused them to expend a great deal of energy. (PROSE: Anachrophobia)
History Edit
The Clock people evacuated the time vortex because of the Council of Eight. They were dependent on the breach in the Time Vortex created by Paterson's experiments, which served as their lifeline. The Eighth Doctor was able to defeat the first wave of Clock people when he released mustard gas in the base, but one of the creatures escaped the attack when it was taken to Station One and infected everyone present. Although the creatures were able to infect the Doctor, he used that infection to seal the breach by setting the system up so that the breach would only collapse after the Doctor and his companions had arrived at Station One.
Once the creatures were defeated, it was revealed that the Doctor had been manipulated by Sabbath into a situation where he would perceive the creatures as a threat rather than refugees. (PROSE: Anachrophobia)
Behind the scenes Edit
According to Jonathan Blum, Morris has said that the clock-faced men in Anachrophobia are meant to be Faction Paradox, although this is not made explicit in the text. [1]
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text:
This image comes from Glencairn Museum News (_EMAIL_), which this month is full of fascinating and erudite information about American and European Christmas traditions – Christmas tree decorations and Christmas cribs ('Nativities') in particular.
Left: Père Noël is the French equivalent of the American Santa Claus. He wears a long, hooded robe edged with white fur, and carries presents in a wicker basket like the ones traditionally used by grape harvesters. This papier-mâché figure of Père Noël, made in France around 1920, served as a candy container. Right: This St. Nicholas-shaped candy container, made in Germany around 1910, separates at the base and conceals a cylinder that held candy.


collapse Blogs I Read
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 1. Extension Method Documentation - Jonathan Pryor's web log
 1. Extension Method Documentation
Extension Method Documentation - Jonathan Pryor's web log
« How To Defend Against Software Patent FUD | Main | DbLinq and Mono »
Extension Method Documentation
C# 3.0 adds a new language feature called extension methods. Extension methods allow the "addition" of new instance methods to any type, without modifying the type itself. This is extremely powerful, arguably crack-adled, and exists because Visual Studio users can't do anything without code completion (tongue firmly in cheek).
It's also extremely useful, permitting LINQ and the even more crack-adled thinking in Mono.Rocks (much of which I wrote, and I'm not entirely sure if the "crack" is in jest or not; sometimes I wonder...).
To create an extension method, you first create a static class. A method within the static class is an extension method if the first parameter's type has a this modifier:
static class MyExtensions {
 public static string Implode (this IEnumerable self, string separator)
 return string.Join (separator, self.ToArray ());
Usage is as if it were a normal instance method:
string[] a = {"This", "is", "my", "sentence."};
string imploded = a.Implode (" ");
// imploded == "This is my sentence."
Extension methods are entirely syntactic sugar. (Nice syntactic sugar, nonetheless...). As such, it doesn't in any way modify the type that is being extended. Consequently, it cannot access private members, nor is the extension method returned when reflecting over the extended type. For example, typeof(string[]).GetMethod("Implode") will return null, as System.Array doesn't have an Implode method.
Furthermore, extension methods are only available if you have a using declaration for the namespace the extension method type resides in. So if the above MyExtensions type resides in the Example namespace, and a source file doesn't have using Example;, then the Implode extension method isn't available.
Earlier I alluded that Visual Studio users can't do anything without code completion. Extension methods are thus a boon, as they (potentially) make it easier to find new functionality, as no new types need to be introduced or known about in advance. However, you still need to have an appropriate using declaration to bring the methods "in scope," so how does a developer know what namespaces to use? The same way a developer knows which type to use for anything: documentation.
MSDN online documentation has been enhanced to show which extension methods are applicable for a given type, e.g. The extension methods for IEnumerable. Mono has similar documentation support.
This isn't particularly interesting, though. Part of the utility and flexibility is that any type, in any namespace, can be extended with extension methods, and the extension methods themselves can be contained in any type.
Obviously, MSDN and Mono documentation online can't know about extension methods that are not part of the core framework. Thus, if the e.g. Mono.Cecil or Gendarme frameworks provided extension methods, the online documentation sites won't be helpful.
Which brings us to a Mono 2.0 feature (yes, I'm only now announcing a feature that shipped 3 months ago):
Mono Documentation Tools: the Mono Documentation framework has been upgraded to support documenting generics and extension methods.
This support consists of four things:
 1. Enhancing mdoc update to generate an /Overview/ExtensionMethods element within index.xml. The /Overview/ExtensionMethods element contains elements which in turn contains //Targets/Target elements specifying which types the extension method is an instance method on, and a element which is a subset of the actual extension method documentation. Developers don't need to edit this copy; it's handled entirely by mdoc update.
 2. Enhancing mdoc assemble to look for the //ExtensionMethod elements and insert them into the ExtensionMethods.xml file within the generated.zip file.
 3. Enhancing the XML documentation to HTML generation process so that the extension methods are listed. This allows all of monodoc and mod, online documentation, and mdoc export-html to use the underlying infrastructure.
 4. Enhance monodoc.dll to load all ExtensionMethods.xml files from all installed.zip files. This the allows monodoc and online documentation mechanisms to show extension methods for all installed documentation sources.
The short of it is that this requires no workflow change to get extension methods listed on all extended types. Just create extension methods, document them as if they were normal static methods (as they are normal static methods, and can be invoked as such), assemble the documentation, and install the documentation.
There is one wrinkle, though: since the index.xml file contains a subset of the documentation, you need to rerun mdoc update after editing extension method documentation so that index.xml will have the correct documentation when mdoc assemble is run. Otherwise the "summary" extension method documentation may differ from the actual intended documentation. This may be improved in a future release.
Posted on 25 Jan 2009 | Path: /development/mono/ | Permalink
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Blog Link Classification
Justin Martineau, Matthew Hurst
Blog links raise three key questions: Why did the author make the link, what exactly is he pointing at, and what does he feel about it? In response to these questions we introduce a link model with three fundamental descriptive dimensions where each dimension is designed to answer one question. We believe the answers to these questions can be utilized to improve search engine results for blogs. While proving this is outside the scope of this paper, we do prove that knowing the rhetorical role of a link helps determine what the author was pointing at and how he feels about it.
Subjects: 12. Machine Learning and Discovery; 13.1 Discourse
Submitted: Feb 15, 2008


text:
How would you guys go about answering this question;
"Assess Weber's view that religion can encourage the growth of a capitalist state."
My plan is;
Para 1: key calvin beliefs,
para 2: how these beliefs make change (capitalism)
para 3: why capitalism has not happened i.e. in hinduism and confucanism
para 4: key criticisms - i.e. capitalism came before calvinism, and the idea that in areas that have a high calvin population - there's not always calvinism.
I just dont understand Kautsky or Tawny's criticisms
or what to actually conclude
If anyone can help??
Loughborough at number one


strong, weak, unowned - Reference Counting in Swift
This article explains Apple's memory management in Swift. Even if it gets handled mostly automatic there are still some pitfalls. Choosing the correct reference type to describe the relationship between objects help you to avoid memory leaks.
Automatic Reference Counting
Apple's implementation for automatic tracking and managing of memory usage is called. It automatically frees up the memory when objects aren't referenced anymore. To know which objects are still in use it tracks the relationship between objects by increasing and decreasing a reference count. Objects can only be deallocated when the reference count is zero. ARC only applies to instances of Classes. Structs, Enums and Value-Types are not passed by reference. This is a another great reason to use Structs instead of Classes whenever possible.
You'll find strong references almost everywhere in Swift because it's the default declaration of a property. This doesn't lead to a problem when you have a linear reference flow. When you deallocate the parent and decrease the retain count, all child get decreased as well. Here is an example of a strong reference:
The initialisation of the car object is wrapped in a do block. This creates a scope around it. At the end of the scope the object gets deallocated and everything is fine:
However it's possible to write code with a strong reference cycles between class instances. This modified version of the previous example shows a reference cycle:
The car object now also has an optional reference to an Owner and the Owner has an optional reference to a Car. The output is:
The strong reference cycle prevents the retain count to reach zero to get deallocated and free up the memory. To solve this issue we need weak references.
Unlike strong references weak don't increase the retain count by one. So they don't protect the object from being deallocated by the ARC. On deallocation the weak reference will be automatically set to nil. This is the reason why all weak references are mutating optional variables. Defining a constant as weak is not possible.
Let's take a look at the previous example. Using a weak reference between the car and owner helps to fix the deallocation:
Now ARC correctly deallocates all objects:
Unowned references behave similar to weak ones. They don't increase the retain count by one as well. Unlike weak references unowned don't have to be an Optional because they aren't automatically set to nil on deallocation. It's important that you only use unowned references when you really know that the object will never be nil once it has been set.
According to Apple it's best to use when your reference and the referenced code will be deallocated at the same time.
weak vs. unowned - an advice from Apple
Apple's automatic memory management doesn't prevent you from producing memory leaks. Non-linear strong references and reference cycles can prevent the retain count from reaching zero. The use of weak and unowned references help you to avoid this and keep your app memory in balance.
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I'm a Software Engineer from Düsseldorf. Passionate about programming languages & technologies with vocation for agile topics.
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text:
Most current navigation devices or apps, based on the global positioning system (GPS), only adopt static information for route planning. Although some are equipped with an RDS-TMC receiver to receive real-time traffic events, many of these real-time traffic events are irrelevant to the vehicle. This paper offers three major contributions. First, a vehicular-ad-hoc-network- (VANET-) based A (V B A route planning algorithm is proposed to calculate the route with the shortest travelling time or the lowest fuel consumption, depending on two real-time traffic information sources, which have not been used in traditional GPS navigation applications. The first traffic information source is the recorded traffic information of the road segment that the vehicle has passed through. It is further exchanged between vehicles through an IEEE 802.11p wireless link. The second traffic information is provided by Google Maps. A GPS navigation app is then implemented on the Android platform to realize V B A. Finally, simulations for six route planning algorithms are executed by VANET simulator The ONE, in one congested and one noncongested time period, respectively. In summary, V B A achieves significant reductions in both the average travelling time and fuel consumption of the planned route, as compared to traditional route planning algorithms.
|期刊||International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks|
|出版狀態||Published - 2013|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Computer Networks and Communications