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To date most of the focus with respect to the greying of Europe from a public health and health systems perspective has been on the health care needs of the elderly population and the challenges that this will pose in terms of financing and provision of health services, 7 particularly with a focus on long-term care. This needs to be targeted through multiple approaches, such as family related benefits which support couples wishing to have children as well as facilitating increase female employment and the Nordic countries are a good example of this.
The effects of demographic aging on health care expenditure have often been overestimated as for example in the area of pharmaceutical expenditure where innovation seems to be a more important driver. Furthermore, ageing per se is not sufficient to determine health needs. The concept of healthy ageing and the evolution of frailty are important aspects to take into account. Preventive actions that seek to improve the health of the working age population can have a significant effect on the health profile of the new elderly population in Europe in the coming years.
Whilst most countries in Europe have experienced improvements in longevity and healthy life expectancy over the past decades, increasing health inequalities and data on stagnation as well as mild reversal of life expectancy are beginning to emerge. The above arguments are only a very limited perspective and the public health impacts of demographic change will be far wider. For example, in planning for strategies such as sexual health, the need to move away from focussing only on young people and addressing the unmet needs among older people has been highlighted.
However, demography will also affect areas of public health planning and practice such as communicable disease. It has been shown that there are clear, but diverging effects of an ageing population on the estimated disease burden of influenza and HBV in the Netherlands. Factoring in a dynamic demographic approach is important for planning communicable disease control strategies in the future. Migration and changing ethnic composition is also a very important factor which may have an impact on population growth and structure in Europe. While the European population is shrinking, that in Africa is increasing rapidly 1 and poor and unstable political conditions in these countries results in an emigration flux which is being disproportionately distributed in Europe.
Some European countries, mainly in Eastern and Southern Europe are experiencing outbound migration often of their working young population with little or no influx of migrants from other countries. Migrant health has become a priority discussion topic. However public health practice goes beyond addressing the health of migrants to including the need for specific attention to changing ethnic composition when planning health strategies and health services.
Indeed, increasing attention to racial and ethnic composition and how this affects health and well being is likely to be one of the key challenges facing public health leaders in the next decades in Europe. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
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Advanced Search. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents. Data sources. Fertility trends in Europe. Migration trends in Europe. Old age dependency ratio.
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Total population projections. The public health impact of changing demography in Europe. Annex 1.
Demographic trends and public health in Europe Kathleen England. Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat. Cite Citation. Permissions Icon Permissions.
Spain has more deaths than births each year, and some towns are already nearly abandoned.
Abstract Demographic trends in Europe are currently being shaped by an ageing population, falling fertility rates and diverse migration flows. Figure 1. Open in new tab Download slide.
Figure 2. Figure 3. Net migration rate per population by European Country for the period —15 2. Figure 4. Figure 5. Search ADS. EU demographic indicators Situation, trends and potential challenges. The sustainability of European health care systems:beyond income and aging.
5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe
Google Preview. Pharmaco-economic impact of demographic change on pharmaceutical expenses in Germany and France. The impact of demographic change on the estimated future burden of infectious diseases: examples from hepatitis B and seasonal influenza in the Netherlands. Open in new tab. All rights reserved.
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European Doctoral School of Demography
You must accept the terms and conditions. Add comment Cancel. Submit a comment. Comment title. While Western European population continues to grow, many countries of Eastern and South-eastern Europe are shrinking at an alarming rate.
These divides in population trends between major European regions have widened in the past two decades, according to the European Demographic Data Sheet The differences in population growth are mainly due to two factors: natural population increase resulting from the balance of births and deaths, and international migration.
Low fertility rates in combination with large-scale outmigration drive the population decline in most countries of Eastern and South-eastern Europe.
MPIDR - European Doctoral School of Demography
In contrast, continuing population growth in Western, Southern and Northern Europe was mostly due to immigration. This increase was particularly strong in Ireland, Switzerland, Norway and Spain, where the population has grown by more than one-fifth compared to While fertility rates in Eastern Europe have now reached similar levels as in Western European countries, the migration of people has divided the continent into two parts—and thus also determines the divide in population trends between these two parts of the continent.
Europe continues to age Caution is needed when drawing conclusions about long-term population trends and their social and economic consequences for the future. The total population of the European Union in its current boundaries has surpassed the million milestone in and is expected to expand more in the coming decades.


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The human interaction with the geological environment is investigated at the discussion of the environmental geology. The environmental geology is a science that it has been accepted by the public.
In fact, the environmental geology is not a new subject, and in general, it has more relationship with three branches of earth sciences such as geomorphology, economic geology and engineering geology.
The environmental geology is an applied subject and the environmental geologists have a basic and important role in the management relative to the environmental geology.
Environmental geologists Tools:
Tools that are used by the environmental geologists are classified as the following five categories:
1- Clerical studies
2- Documents and maps survey
3- Region and land survey and analysis under investigation
4- Environmental processing's
5- Display device or work representation tool

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Utilizing a social-ecological framework to promote water and energy conservation: a field experiment
Kurz, T.R., Donaghue, N. and Walker, I. (2005) Utilizing a social-ecological framework to promote water and energy conservation: a field experiment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35 (6). pp. _PHONE_.(Request a copy)
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The present study utilized a social-ecological framework to design an intervention to reduce residential water and energy use in a local community. An experimental design was used to study the influence of information leaflets, attunement labels, and socially comparative feedback on the actual levels of energy and water consumption in 166 households over a 6-month period. The results suggest that the labels, designed to attune residents to the environmental-impact affordances of various appliances around their homes, led to a 23% reduction in water consumption. Neither information leaflets nor socially comparative feedback produced significant reductions in water use, compared to controls. No significant reductions in energy consumption were observed for any of the intervention conditions. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications and their application to public policy promoting environmentally sustainable behavior.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Psychology|
|Copyright:||V. H. Winston & Son|
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This Shamanic feather wand was handmade in Mexico. It's made with palo santo, turkey feather and clear quartz crystal. A sacred grounding tool that connects with the spirit of air. This want can be used for many different things depending on the ritual or ceremony. Uses include:
 - Clearing negative energies in while smudging
 - Summoning clear communication from your guides, ancestors or higher self
 - Connecting to the bird spirit animal as a form of lesson to rise above obstacles through wisdom and inner gnosis.
Shamanic Feather Wand {Handmade}


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A Book of Luminous Things: An International Anthology of Poetry
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- Shipping Weight (lbs):0.9
- Dimensions (in):9 x 6.3 x 0.8
- Publication Date:April 1, 1998
"A collection of 300 poems from writers around the world, selected and edited by Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz
Czesław Miłosz's A Book of Luminous Things—his personal selection of poems from the past and present—is a testament to the stunning varieties of human experience, offered up so that we may see the myriad ways that experience can be shared in words and images. Miłosz provides a preface to each of these poems, divided into thematic (and often beguiling) sections, such as "Travel," "History," and "The Secret of a Thing," that make the reading as instructional as it is inspirational and remind us how powerfully poetry can touch our minds and hearts. "
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The MuleSoft APIKit facilitates REST API implementation from RAML definitions. This toolkit is a framework with the ability to create Mule flows, mapped from the implementation of an API defined within a RAML (see APIKit Tutorial). Implementation of an API in this manner follows best practices, ensuring API-first development.
Developing tests for the flows generated by the APIKit can be done fairly easily using another framework available from MuleSoft, MUnit. This framework provides testing capabilities and is fully integrated with Maven, allowing for automated testing during the build process. It requires a plugin for Anypoint Studio.
There are two ways to test the flows generated by the APIKit. The first is by invoking flow references. The other is to test through the APIKit Router. The latter provides the ability to test the flows as they would be invoked during runtime, based on the RAML, which is the focus of this blog.
Test Suite Creation
To create a test suite for the APIKit flows, in Anypoint Studio right click the APIKit Router and select to create a test suite for RAML:
Once this is done, a test suite is generated that contains one flow for each resource/action/response code combination defined within the RAML (i.e. Employees/get/200, Employees/get/404). Since the same RAML was used to generate the API flows as well as the flows in the test suite, greater code coverage will be achieved.
Along with automatic generation of the test flows, the MUnit test suite creation process also adds assertions within each of these flows that validates the returned http status and payload. The status returned from the invocation of the API flow is compared with an expected response code, as defined when the test flow was generated (resource/action/response code as mentioned above).
The other assertion that is generated automatically is one that compares the actual output returned from the API flow to an expected output. The expected output is generated during the test suite creation using the value specified for the example response (as shown in diagram above). If the example payload defined within your RAML is different then the intended expected results for a given test, a best practice is to define the expected results within an external file, stored in src/test/resources. Use the getResource function to read the file contents as shown below:
Additional assertions can be added depending on the testing requirements.
MUnit has mocking capabilities that ensure isolation of the test, where changes to external systems have no impact. This is accomplished by creating mocks for endpoints or connectors defined within the API flow. One or more mocks can be added to the test flow, with each defining a mock payload response. Attributes can also be defined to specify the criteria for which the mock will used.
To add a mock to a test, drag a mock component to the test flow:
Within the mock element, choose a message processor that is intended to be mocked. This would be the external endpoint within the API flow for the given test scenario:

The payload returned from the mock should reflect the Java type (i.e. String, Map, ArrayList, etc.) that the external endpoint being mocked returns.
Attributes can be added to further qualify the condition(s) for the mock. For example, the following defined attribute will cause the payload to be returned only if the input value, groupKey, is set to the value contained in Value:
XML:
For flows that test an error response (i.e. Employees/get/404), a configuration is necessary to alleviate a testing error like "Response code 404 mapped as failure". Add the status code value range within the HTTP advanced tab as shown below:
XML:
Ensure the MUnit test suite configuration for the mock-connectors and mock-inbounds are both set to "false":
XML:
You will know that these are set incorrectly if you receive the following error while invoking the test:
Flow endpoint is null, APIKIT requires a listener ref in each of it's flows
Running the Tests
Within Anypoint Studio, the test suite can be executed by right clicking on the test suite configuration file (i.e. api-apikit-test.xml) found in src/test/munit, select Run As->MUnit. The results of the test can be viewed within the MUnit tab:
Running of these tests within Studio is beneficial during developing/refactoring of the tests, the real power comes during the build process in Maven. Because the framework is fully integrated with Maven, the tests are included in the build, run before the application is packaged. The build will fail if any of the MUnit tests fail, ensuring that only tested code is packaged for deployment, one of the tenets of Continuous Integration.


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Native to California and found as far north as Anchorage, Alaska, the Western crab apple, also known as the Oregon crab apple (Malus fusca), displays clusters of delicate white flowers that fade into a deep purple and eventually into a small oblong apple. The fruit, which is tart and not particularly palatable, is sometimes used in jams and jellies. While these ornamental trees create a colorful backdrop in your garden, varying weather conditions tend to make them susceptible to pests and disease, including root rot caused by the soil borne Armillaria mellia (Armillariella) fungus.
Found along the California coast, the Oregon crab apple thrives in full sun and moist, well-drained, and more acidic soils. Changes in weather such as extended droughts or wetter than usual rainy seasons, frost, pest infestation, pollution and incorrect pruning methods causes the trees to become susceptible to the Armillaria fungus, and ultimately root rot.
While most crab apple trees have a natural resistance or tolerance to pests and diseases, they become susceptible to root rot when planted in an area already containing the fungus spores. Armillaria fungus grows quickly and occurs most often during the summer when it's warm and humid. Trees infected by root rot succumb quickly as no known cure exists.
Identifying the Disease
This fungus causes visible deep brown lines, which look similar to brown shoelaces, of a spongy consistency running along the root system. In advanced stages, you will see the actual spores from the Armillaria fungus in the soil surrounding the base of the tree and on the exposed root system. Leaves eventually become discolored, as though they have been burned, and die as the fungus begins to slowly creep up into the tree trunk and limbs.
Avoiding the Problem
Once diseased, the tree, and as much of the root system as possible, should be removed. Never plant new trees in an area where a diseased tree has been removed. When pruning these trees, clean your equipment after each use to prevent spreading the fungus from tree to tree. Fungicides will not change the course of this disease.
- Dynamic Graphics Group/Dynamic Graphics Group/Getty Images


Huarache or Kwarachi?
Handmade Huaraches
So many of you love our Huaraches, and maybe if you are like me. Your earliest memories of Huaraches is when you traveled to Mexico during the summer as a little niña. You remember everyone in the rancho wearing Huaraches, But they were never made in your size, because of my big pie. Or maybe you saw them strolling through the mercado and you were so mesmerized by their beautiful vibrant colors that you had to get a pair for yourself. Can you honestly say you know the history or the origins of our beloved huaraches? To be quite honest, I never knew the origins or how they are made so I decided to do some research and learn more about them. A task that I thought was going to be quite easy. I told myself "just google it"! but since most of our culture was not documented properly it was a lot harder than what I thought.
We are going to start off with the word Huaraches or Kwarachi as they are originally called in the indigenous language of Purépecha. Purépecha is a language that was spoken in the Pre-Columbian state of Tarascan, which is present day Michoacán, Guanajuato (where I am from), Guerrero, Querétaro, Colima and Jalisco. An interesting fact about the Tarascan's is that they were actually archenemies with the Aztecs. How cool is it to know that there were other great civilizations than the Aztecs or Mayans? Many people believe that the Huaraches originated in Tarascan. Today they are handmade throughout Mexico, but states like Michoacán and Jalisco dominate the handmade productions of Huaraches. The original Huarache was made with untanned deer leather, but when the Spaniards conquered Mexico and introduced cattle into the mix. The Huaraches were then made with light-colored cow leather. The original design was "Pata de Gallo" and was easily made by the wearer. Huaraches are primarily associated with farmworkers in rural areas and they were made to withstand long journeys or working long hours in hot weather.
The modern Huarache is much more complex than the original one. The weaving has turned into an art form and the cow leather is dyed into various colors making the Huarache a more stylish sandal. The sole can be made from leather or even recycled tires. The process is quite long and has various steps, yet they continue to have something in common with their ancestor. They are very breathable and durable. Perfect for hot weather and if you live in a hot state like how I live in Florida where it is perfect to wear Huaraches year-round. Huaraches were actually made popular in the U.S.A during the 1960's by hippies and surfers. They were even in the lyrics to the song Surfin' USA by The Beach Boys. Since then, Huaraches were commercialized, and even Nike named one of the sneakers after the original Huaraches. Even though they are commercialized, many artisanal families in Mexico have continued the traditional craftsmanship of making handmade Huaraches to help them support their families. They continue to carry on our beautiful Mexican culture and stay true to our original roots. So, the next time you order one of our beloved handmade Huaraches think about the history and the people who work hard to create such stunning masterpiece.
 - Elizabeth Segura: May 16, 2021
 Hi, my order #17240, I ordered 2 pairs of Evangelina white huaraches and I only need 1 pair in white. Please make the second pair in black. Same style, but in black. Let me know if it is possible….thanks. I really appreciate if you can change it!
 Thanks Elizabeth Segura
 - Brenda : April 01, 2021
 Hola puse una orden desde Noviembre y no he recibido mis huaraches. Porfavor sean honestos y mándame a decir si voy a recibir mi orden o no. Les he mandado varios correos electrónicos y suelen no contestarme con la fecha de envío. Mi número de orden es 19136.
 - ktyrysxhcy: March 10, 2021
 Muchas gracias.?Como puedo iniciar sesion?
Leave a comment


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them or take them to help. The Army community offers many sources of help. The Community Mental Health Service or hospital departments of psychiatry, as well as psychology or social work services and division mental health services should be considered first in looking for help. after duty hours, the hospital emergency room would be the best source. When the danger is less immediate, the Family Life Center and the Chaplaincy offer compassionate counseling services. Other sources of help include the alcohol and drug community counseling center, Army Community Services (ACS) and the chain of command.
What Not To Do
- Don't Leave anyone alone if you believe the risk of suicide is imminent.
- Don't assume the person isn't the suicidal "type".
- Don't act shocked at what the person tells you.
- Don't debate the morality of self-destruction or talk about how it may hurt others. This may induce more guilt.
- Don't keep a deadly secret. Tell someone what you suspect.
Suicide is a traumatic event for the individual and for all those people who have some connection with the person. Edwin Schneidman, Ph.D., founding president of the American Association of Suicidology, has stated:
"Human understanding is the most effective weapon against suicide. The greatest need is to deepen the awareness and sensitivity of people to their fellow man."


This page contains a list of all the countries, as jurisdictions, in Asia. There is some overlap with the jurisdictions also considered to be part of the Middle East and Europe.
Asia is the largest continent and consists of 48 recognised countries, including several autonomous regions and disputed areas that are often considered countries of their own.


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There are three different tiers of Character Class. All characters begin at level 1 in the first tier as the Mortal Class, and are limited to learning Mortal Skills.
When the character earns enough experience to become level 10, they can choose a second class from the Tier 2 classes. There are currently six different tier 2 classes to choose from (two of each Alignment, though the choice is restricted based on the character's Morality. In order to choose a Tier 2 class, the character must have spent at least 70 CP on T1 skills.
When the character earns enough experience to become level 20, they can choose a third and final class from amongst the tier 3 classes. This choice is restricted based on the tier 2 class of the character. In order to choose a Tier 3 class, the character must have spent at least 250 CP on T1 and T2 skills and spells. In addition, Fallen or Redeemed must have spent at least 100 CP on the T2 skills and spells that they will lose.
It is worth mentioning that the character does not "need" to select a Tier 2 or Tier 3 class. A character may remain a mortal or Tier 2 for as long as they wish, and may select one at any point, so long as they fit the requirements of Level, Character Point spending, and in some cases, Morality.
Speculation regarding the nature of classes, otherwise known as Archetypes, can be found in the fragments of the Lore of Haldos. The two presented arguments are that archetypes are derived from their Patron's aspects, or copied from exceptionally strong individuals who shaped themselves.
Tier 1: Mortal
- Paladin (Combat Class)
- The Paladin is a martial warrior dedicated to goodness whose strength and powers arise from their purity. Those who accept the call to fight for the forces of righteousness are duty-bound to remain pure, lest they lose access to the powers they are allowed to wield. Their devotion to the ideals upheld by the good elder powers allows the Paladin to enlist into the Heavenly Host, to defend all that is just, to face the demonic forces, and to call upon the powers of light protection and strength at those times when good beings must stand against evil and fight for what they believe in.
- Shepherd (Spellcaster)
- The Shepherd is an angel of mercy, the student of so-called white magic. One becomes a Shepherd by swearing themselves to the powers of good. They channel holy magic directly from the elder powers whose ideals they uphold, and can use that power to smite evil, aid others in need, and even consecrate the land itself. While many of the skills a Shepherd uses uplift and heal others, they can also learn spells to aid in combat and have the ability to call upon the Powers of Justice directly for aid when faced with the forces of evil.
- Myrmidon (Combat Class)
- A Myrmidon is one who has turned their focus on the art of combat. They are skilled warriors who have sought power from within themselves, and therefore have not sacrificed or devoted their soul. With free will, they can often be found as mercenaries of the angelic hosts and demonic hordes, or banded together with other Unaligned souls.
- Sorcerer (Spellcaster)
- A Sorcerer may gain their powers through any number of ways: they may have had a natural affinity which was tapped into through training and focus, or perhaps they studied the Arcane lore left behind by those who understood before them. They might have even accidentally stumbled upon it by exposure to the powerful energies that flow through the Nexus. Whatever the means a Sorcerer finds their power from, they have gained it by their own efforts, and without sacrifice or devotion of their soul; their free will remains untouched. Armed with the freedom of choice, they are neither shunned nor welcomed by the angelic hosts or the demonic hordes.
- Pariah (Combat Class)
- The Pariah is, in the most simple terms, a corrupted soul. In more elaborate terms, a Pariah is a soul who has allowed itself to become consumed by hatred and have had their soul twisted and warped as a result. When a soul becomes twisted enough, it becomes a creature as deformed on the outside as it is on the inside. The perversion of the body seeps all the way to their blood; a wounded Pariah is forced to seek their own means of tending to themselves (such is the life of those deemed by Namm to be outcasts). However, these discarded souls frequently band together, united against those who shun them. Unlike the Defiler, a Pariah will seek to turn their curse into a strength, drawing power from a combination of their deformities and lust for vengeance.
- Defiler (Spellcaster)
- All souls who become Defilers have one thing in common: a lust for power. Those who chose to become Defilers often view it as an investment, and will form a dark pact with a greater entity (usually an evil elder power), agreeing to make tribute to them in exchange for power. A Defiler is expected to spill the blood of others and make sacrifices to keep their patron satisfied, and they will gain more power in this way. The patron also syphons off small amounts of the soul of a Defiler, for their own ends. Breaking free of the patronage is extremely difficult, but not unheard of. A Defiler is cursed to walk a warped, twisted existence, shunned by all that is holy, and forced to fend for themselves should they come to harm; however, the Defiler also learns to utilize the black arts to inflict pain and suffering on others, in turn tearing off and stealing bits of their strength, power, or souls.
Good Combat Classes
- The Holy Champion calls upon divine power to become swathed in elemental energy, granting powers depending on which element they choose to imbue their body with. A Holy Champion is perhaps the most flexible of the angelic fighting classes, able to fill many roles - but never more than one at a time.
- The Divine Herald is a fleet-footed hunter and a messenger of death. They are the Harbingers of Namm, bringing conquest, judgement, and punishment to bear against the unjust.
- Tasked to protect angels and the innocent against the demonic hordes, Seraphs are particularly well-equipped in defence; many exchange their flesh for clockwork armour and protective abilities that make them resistant to all kind of attacks. Whilst they are the metaphorical "shield" of the Heavenly Host, they are fearsome in single-combat with their clockwork precision and renowned smiting powers.
- A few demons begin down the path of darkness, only to turn back toward the light. While they are never fully free of the stains of their demonic lineage, those who seek redemption are blessed with powers to aid themselves and others - and to become hated and despised by the demons who once embraced them. They become embodiments of penitence, humility... and vengeance.
Good Spellcaster Classes
- The advocate is the support class among the angelic legions. With few offensive capabilities, the Advocate is best suited to defence and to providing boons and aid to other characters; this subtle, yet powerful role allows the advocate to increase the efficacy of Good characters, allowing a group to far surpass their individual abilities.
- The field general among the angels, the Archon is a combat-oriented caster who channels a good deal of offensive firepower and is most often found leading the angelic charge against the minions of darkness.
- Caretaker of the creatures of the Elysian fields, the Lightspeaker often lives vicariously through their charges. While not armed personally for great combat duty, the ability to summon creatures to protect both the Lightspeaker and nearby forces of Good - and to smite evil foes - makes the simple caretaker a formidable opponent when accompanied by a menagerie.
Neutral Combat Classes
- Master of martial training and discipline, the Eternal Soldier is focused upon utilising superior training, ingenuity, and tactics to overcome their enemies. The Eternal Soldier relies very little on magic, but through ceaseless devotion, is master of the mundane and a weapon in their hands is exceedingly deadly.
- Mysterious warriors who draw much of their power from the tattoos that cover their body, the Nexus Champion tends to focus on attaining victory through inner balance and harmony. Though not usually approaching the Eternal Soldier in terms of sheer single-combat power, the Nexus Champion may learn the arcane arts, and is a more flexible and subtle warrior.
- Warriors who align themselves with shadows, nightmares, and death, Revenants have been known through the ages by many names - Werewolf, Nosferatu, and Vampire among them. They tend to draw their power from a pact with Hashaa and the very essence of darkness, shaping it to form both weapons and refuge. Many of them soon come to revel in their unlife and the power it affords them in their chosen element.
Neutral Spellcaster Classes
- Watching over the walls that divide reality, the Conduit manipulates the raw energies of the planes. Folding pathways between distant places, manipulating the ambient magicks of an area, striking foes with raw Arcana, and exploiting knowledge of matter and ether to better shape weapons or potions: the Conduit is the prime example of "mind over matter."
- A master of necromantic (death) magic, the Lich has surpassed Hashaa's power of decay and become undead. Whilst the Lich has achieved undeath on their own (following studies first performed by Haldos), and possessing an uncanny ability to work with the powers of death, the Lich gains the power over creatures of unlife through Hashaa.
- More than just a studious bookworm,


Next:, Previous:, Up: Team's Repository [Contents][Index]
3.2 Targets in
Updates the working copy of team's repository.
Updates the working copy of www.
A shortcut for making update-team and update-www.
Merges all available PO files from the corresponding POT in www. If a POT is missing in the master repository (usually, because it was deleted when the original article was either split, renamed or deleted), a warning is printed for the corresponding file and no merging occurs for it.
Verifies which translations are complete, and prints a list (with statistics) of those that need to be updated. Also, it reports the translations that are not consistent with the revisions from www repository.
More fine-grained notifications are implemented as the notify target.
Invokes the report target, filters its output for different translators and sends them notifications.
As an addition to the output of the report target, URLs for relevant files are written; also, when www and team revisions are not consistent, their differences generated with gnun-diff-po are optionally attached (see gnun-diff-po, for more details).
The list of files to report against are configured with nottab file. The lines of this file that begin with '#' are ignored; other lines should contain two fields separated by ':'.
The first field is an extended grep regular expression; the files are selected for the report if their names match this expression. See Regular Expressions in GNU Grep manual.
The second field is a space-separated list of single-word translators' identifiers for which the line applies. The file may look like this:
^gnu/gnu-history: alice bob carol
^distros/(common-distros|distros|screenshot): dan alice
^(licenses|philosophy)/: eve bob frank
^licenses/: dan
Email addresses of the translators are kept in a separate file, email-aliases. Like in nottab, the lines beginning with '#' are ignored; other lines contain fields separated by ':'.
The first field is the translator's identifier, the second is space-separated list of translator's email addresses. These two fields are mandatory.
The third field is the personal reminder period in days. After that period the message is sent again even though its contents don't change. Otherwise, the notify target only sends messages when something changes. Naturally, no message is sent when no action is needed in the requested set of translations (unless the force option is used).
The team-wide default period is defined in its using the NOTIFICATION_PERIOD variable.
The fourth field provides comma-separated options for the report. Currently recognized options are:
Forces sending messages even when there are no files to work on.
Disables sending www vs. www-lang differences as attachments.
Report cases that suggest actions by the team leader, that is, when the translation in the team repository is complete whereas in www it is incomplete or absent.
This is an example of email-aliases:
# Disable 'dan' temporarily.,www
# Note that the third field is empty; the default value for period
# will be used.,no-diffs
The email-aliases file should be kept privately because it may contain personal email addresses of people. How to do this is out of scope of GNUN and this manual.
A convenience rule to re-wrap all files up to the standard length. Many PO editors leave the msgstr as a single long line after it has been edited, but GNUN will automatically re-wrap the file to the standard line length when it is processed. Wrapping long lines in PO files is a good practice as it avoids unnecessary revisions.
This rule filters all translations with msgcat; basically, it reformats the lines that are longer than the default page width of msgcat.
The publish rule's task is to copy all modified files to the official www repository. It depends on the format target to ensure that all files are re-wrapped to the standard line length limit, but deliberately does not depend on sync VCS=yes. Usually, one would run make publish when one or a bunch of PO files are in a satisfactory condition to be published, and this rule is just a convenience to avoid multiple manual cp invocations. As a rule of thumb, before running this rule it is sane to run sync and correct any "fuzzy" messages and other problems, if necessary.
The publish rule does not depend on sync explicitly, because that would be a nuisance for offline operations and basically unnecessary when the committer is fairly confident that there are no changes to (re-)merge. A hard dependency on sync would slow down the operation considerably.
As usual, when committing to the official repository, it is always a good practice to examine the output of cvs diff.
Invoking make publish prints warnings and does not actually copy the affected file if the sub-directory in "www" is non-existent or the corresponding.pot is missing.
Typically, after an editing session (whether it involves actual editing or just merging contributions from team members), one would do:
$ make sync VCS=yes
$ make publish
$ cd wwwdir
$ cvs up
(Add all new translations, if any.)
 $ cvs add file …
$ cvs diff
$ cvs commit -m "Some descriptive message."
Deletes all backup and auto-generated files.
make VCS=yes is the recommended command to be run periodically. To check the status of the translations, run make report.
Feel free to replace all strings with equivalents in your native language and of course—do not hesitate to extend this file and modify it as much as you like. If you come up with something interesting, it would be nice to send a message to, so that gets updated for all teams' benefit.


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(Meats with additives harmful…)
Uncooked meat products with food additives may contain high levels of phosphorus and potassium that find no place in food labels. This can make it difficult for people to limit these minerals that at high levels are harmful to kidney disease patients, according to a new study.
Dialysis patients must watch their intake of phosphate so that their blood phosphate levels do not rise, which may then cause premature death.
Kidney disease patients also must limit their intake of potassium, because high blood potassium levels can cause sudden death.
One growing source of dietary phosphorus and potassium is through "enhanced" fresh meat and poultry products. These foods are injected with a solution of water with sodium and potassium salts (particularly phosphates) as well as anti-oxidants and flavourings.
While ingesting phosphates and potassium can be dangerous for dialysis patients, there is no requirement that these ingredients be included in nutrition labels.
There have also been no studies on the levels of phosphates and potassium contained in fresh meat and poultry products that have been "enhanced."
Richard Sherman and Ojas Mehta, from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, examined potassium and phosphate content in a variety of "enhanced" and additive-free meat and poultry products available in local supermarkets.
They found that products that were labelled as "enhanced" had an average phosphate concentration that was 28 percent higher than additive-free products, with some products almost 100 percent higher.
"The burden imposed on those seeking to limit dietary phosphorus and potassium could be ameliorated by more complete food labelling by manufacturers," the authors wrote.
The study will appear in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN).


Over the last decade, there has been increased engagement, investment and interventions designed to grow, support and embed interdisciplinary research (IDR) in higher education institutions (HEIs) in England. In this study, we considered the cases of 10 HEIs in England that take a variety of approaches to grow, sustain and embed IDR. The sample included a range of institutions and considers different approaches, institution types, geographical locations and disciplinary spread.We found that a need to address complex societal and practical challenges, and a desire to access more diverse or larger funding streams are major drivers for IDR in HEIs. We identified different models for organising and conducting IDR within English HEIs as well as the mechanisms used by these institutions to grow, sustain and embed IDR. Finally, we reflected on 'what works' in different contexts and policy considerations for stakeholders who want to support and grow IDR.
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text: Electrocardiograms (ECG) and laboratory data were studied in 130 neurosurgical patients before and after neurosurgery. The following results were obtained: 1. The postoperative ECG showed ST-T changes in 21 % of the cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 15 % with cerebral tumor, 37.5 % with supracellar tumor and 50 % with Parkinson syndrome. 2. In 50 % of subarachnoid hemorrhage and 47 % of cerebral tumor, postoperative ECG deteriorated within 1 week. After 2 weeks such deterioration was observed in only 37 % in the former cases and 43 % in the latter. 3. Postoperative ECGs were improved or unchanged in 83 % cases of cerebral bleeding, 75 % (within 1 week) and 83 % (after 2 weeks) of intracerebral bleeding, and in all of Parkinson syndrome. However, in the cases of supra-cellar tumor, postoperative ECGs deteriorated 100 % within 1 week and 75 % after 2 weeks. 4. Serum K(+) and Ca(++) were decreased significantly in the group with deteriorated postoperative ECGs. The R. B. C., Hb and Ht were decreased regardless of postoperative ECGs. 5. Postoperative ECGs deteriorated when the operation time lasted longer than 6 h or blood loss during the operation was over 1,000 ml.


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How can interactive technology and game-based learning help engage students to learn?
The next great teaching frontier is light years away from chalk and erasers. Outside the classroom, students are fascinated and engaged in interactive technology and game-based activities. If these tools are being used for entertainment, why not take advantage of their educational value? By applying the appeal of video games – the characters, interactivity, strategy – into classroom instruction, educators can redefine learning. Moreover, interest in technology at a young age may increase the likelihood that students will be interested in technology when they choose their careers.
Recognizing the educational potential of interactive gaming, the NEA Foundation, in partnership with Microsoft – US Partners in Learning, is launching the C2i: Gaming Challenge on ED's Open Innovation Portal. They want to know your best idea for how interactive technology and game-based learning can improve teaching and learning.
Now that you're interested, here's how it works.
- Submissions will be accepted until March 5.
- A proposed solution must effectively incorporate game-based learning and interactive technology.
- Portal registrants can also review, comment, and vote.
- At the end of the review period, up to 10 solutions will receive $1,000 cash awards from the NEA Foundation.
- The solutions selected will be shared by the NEA Foundation and Microsoft – US Partners in Learning via multiple outlets.
Get started and submit your idea today!
The (C2i) initiative is open to anyone with an interest in improving public education. Last June, the NEA Foundation awarded five individuals $1,000 for the best ideas around mobile devices.
Adam Bookman and Rich Wilson are the administrators of ED's Open Innovation Portal


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This is the one present wrapping, life-hacking technique you need to learn because it's going to make life so much easier. With christmas on it's way here's how you can wrap a present in six easy steps:
Step 1: First you need to get hold of that present and put it on the paper.
Put it down diagonally so the two corners are touching the edges of the paper.
Step 2: Begin to fold the corners inwards.
Step 3: Apply some tape for good measure.
Step 4: Fold it and flip it over.
Step 5: Keep going, almost there.
Step 6: Finished. Now apply even more tape like an absolute boss.
You are done!.
Images via Buzzfeed


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Tropical Forest Insect Pests
A comprehensive resource providing a clear, theoretical understanding of pest population dynamics and forest insect outbreaks. Tropical Forest Insect Pests promotes a better theoretical understanding of pest population dynamics, and causes of forest insect outbreaks in the tropics. Covering pests of both natural forests and plantations, it examines the diversity of tropical forest insects, their ecological functions, the concept of pests, and the incidence of pests in natural forests, plantations, and stored timber. General issues on which foresters and forest entomologists hold strong traditional views, such as the severity of pest incidence in plantations vs. natural forests, in plantations of exotics vs. indigenous tree species, and in monocultures vs. mixed plantations are discussed. The final section looks in detail at specific insect pests of the common plantation tree species across the tropics, with recommendations for their control. This is a comprehensive resource suitable for graduate students and researchers in forestry and tropical forest entomology, and for forest plantation managers in the tropics.
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3 countries, 2 years, 6 promoter organizations, 20 different educational entities from various fields, more than 1950 directly involved participants, 3 intellectual results, 1 project deeply looking at learning
The project "Looking @ Learning" aims to provide space and support for cross-sectoral cooperation of professionals in formal and non-formal education on innovation of education in order to create contemporary and successful learning environments for young people in their educational process.
Between March 2015 and February 2017, 6 organizations from 3 countries worked together with other stakeholders to explore what is a creative learning environment, which elements it includes, how we can use these elements to develop creative learning environments, and how to put all this in practice through the development of a learning tool.
As result of this project, you can find in the web our 3 intellectual outputs:
1) State of Art research "The First Looking at Learning" that outlines problems in the area of creative learning environments in Latvian, Dutch and Spanish education systems, simultaneously viewing education policy documents and inspecting the actual situation in educational establishments.
2) Eduesc@peroom: a practical learning tool to foster creative learning process
3) Research on creative learning environments – "The Key Elements of Creative Learning Environment: a case study from Latvia, Spain and the Netherlands".
Welcome to Looking @ Learning website!


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That Epic Moment When US Air Force Cadets Discovered Their Janitor Was A War Hero
Mark Andrew
To the eyes of countless United States Air Force Academy cadets, William Crawford may be nothing more than a humble janitor. Now imagine their shock and surprise when they later discovered that he was actually a decorated war hero – a legend in his own right.
In the 1970s, Crawford worked as a janitor without the knowledge of most that about 30 years before that, he was in Italy fighting the Germans. He was one of the finest privates, courageously risking his life in battle that he eventually earned the Medal of Honor – the country's highest military honor.
Unknown to most US Air Force Academy cadets in Colorado Springs, their humble janitor William Crawford was a war hero who was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Born in 1918, the Colorado native served for many years in the military and was assigned to different duty stations. It was only after his retirement that he was able to go back to Colorado and then he decided to work as a janitor at the academy located in Colorado Springs.
Many years later, the cadets were blown away when they studied a book about the Allied campaign in Italy and found out about Crawford's heroism. Needless to say, they never looked at him the same way again.
The cadets eventually made the connection when they studied about a book and learned about Crawford's heroism.
In a conversation with his roommate, Cadet James Moschgat, Class of '77, exclaimed:
The cadets brought the book to Crawford the next day and asked him about it, to which he merely replied:
As a private, Crawford defended their troop and drove off German attackers single-handedly.
That encounter would later take Crawford back to that fateful day when his entire company was assaulted by machine-guns and mortars.
Being the third platoon's squad scout, Private Crawford was near the front and he eventually spotted the gun positions of the attackers. Without waiting for any order – and under heavy fire, Crawford bravely crawled and threw a grenade each to the attacking groups.
The other defenders were left without a choice but to flee in terror from the soldier who single-handedly destroyed their group.
Because of his heroism, Hill 424 was overtaken and the Allied advance continued.
Because of Crawford's bravery, Hill 424 was preserved and the Allied advance was able to continue. He, however, was later captured by the Germans during another battle.
Believing he was dead, he was given a posthumous award of the Medal of Honor which his father received in his behalf in 1944. Fortunately, he was discovered among a group of soldiers rescued from the Germans.
Crawford served in the military until he retired as a Master Sergeant in 1967.
Crawford continued serving in the military and eventually retired at the rank of a Master Sergeant by 1967. When he died in the year 2000, at age 81, he was buried at the United States Air Force Academy Cemetery in Colorado Springs.
Crawford's inspiring story not only taught the cadets about bravery but also about the importance of humility.
H/T: WarHistoryOnline
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Community College Initiative Program
The Community College Initiative (CCI) Program is a U.S. Department of State sponsored program that provides participants from underserved areas and underrepresented groups with a one-year, non-degree academic program at a U.S. community college. The program is designed to build participants' technical skills in applied fields, enhance their leadership capabilities and strengthen their English language proficiency. The program also provides opportunities for professional internships, service learning and cultural exchange through community engagement activities. CCI exchange participants contribute to their U.S. host communities by helping U.S. community colleges internationalize their campuses. After completing the program, participants return home with a deeper understanding of U.S. culture and new skills to help them contribute to the growth and development of their countries. The CCI Program is administered by Northern Virginia Community College on behalf of the Community College Consortium, of which Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC) is a partner institution since 2013.
- Provide a quality academic program at U.S. community colleges to build technical skills, enhance leadership capabilities and strengthen English language proficiency of the participants.
- Provide opportunities to engage in civil society through professional internships, service learning and community engagement activities.
- Allow participants to return home with new skills and expertise to help them contribute to the economic growth and development of their country.
- Promote cross-cultural understanding and building partnerships with U.S. institutions and its citizens.
- Since 2013, 11 countries have been represented in BHCC's CCI Program: Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, South Africa and Turkey.
- A total of 72 students have participated in the BHCC's CCI Program since 2013.
- BHCC's CCI Program participants have conducted over 12,000 hours of volunteer service.
Academic Pathways include Certificates in:
- Early Childhood Education
- Energy and Sustainability Management
- Fire and Safety Management
- Computer Support Specialist
- Administrative Support Specialist
Examples of Volunteer Opportunities
- Rosie's Place
- American Red Cross
- Helping Hands
- Smile Project
- Boston Equality
- National Diabetes Association
- American Cancer Society
- City Year
- New England Aquarium
Examples of Internship Opportunities
- American Red Cross
- City of Chelsea
- Tenant's Development Corporation
- Commission on Affairs of the Elderly
- Elizabeth Peabody House
The Community College Initiative (CCI) Program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State with funding provided by the U.S. Government and administered by Northern Virginia Community College on behalf of the Community College Consortium.


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In the early 1950s an absolute legend, Sir William (Bill) Hamilton began experimenting in his yard with Jet Boats. Through many trials and hard work, he successfully created one of the best inventions to date. He pioneered the development of the Jet Boats we use today, what a legend, we appreciate you, good Sir.
How do our boats work you may ask? Well, the jet unit that sits at the back allows our boats to skim shallow water by using the power of waterjet propulsion. In a nutshell, the water gets sucked up through the jet unit and then forced out thus creating the forward motion and rapid speed.
The Go Orange Jet Boat pumps out enough water to reach speeds of 95kmph in shallow waters. We only need 10cm of that precious glacial water to power down the river, which is why you will see our boats hitting what may look like the edges of the river. These boats are designed to be the highly maneuverable meaning we can navigate small gaps, shallow water, and tight spins. Passing under the Kawarau Bridge we need to know our boats are at the top of their game, steering you through and performing those famous 360's.
So, now you know about the history of the Jet Boats, where they began and why we call our spins the Hamilton Spin you should probably come and experience it for yourself, right?


/or matt) is recommended to avoid reflection from the display itself.
12. How can I conceal unwanted items around the screen (for instance the TV brand, etc.)?
Either by putting a passe-partout behind the MIRONA® glass, for example cardboard or foil (the most simple and flexible solution).
or by printing/painting the glass to reduce the screen surface.
IMPORTANT: Please make sure that the color of the masking or print/paint matches the color of the screen when it is switched off!
13. How can I avoid seeing a difference between the color of the passe-partout and the screen when the screen is turned off?
By optimally matching passe-partout color and the display color when the screen is switched off, and by leaving as little space as possible between MIRONA® and the screen.
14. How can we retain the functions of the remote control on the screen if the IR sensor is concealed?
By using a material (interlayer or print /paint) which is transparent to infrared signals. Alternatively, leave a small opening in the print and position it in front of the IR sensor.
15. Which SCHOTT MIRONA® types can be laminated?
In principle, all types of MIRONA® can be laminated. We can provide you with more information on the test reports from the German testing institute Friedmann and Kirchner on the lamination of MIRONA®. Using PVB or EVA film as an interlayer fulfils EN 12543-2 requirements. Laminating MIRONA® makes sense when, for example, a MIRONA® Beamsplitter with VSG properties is to be produced by combining MIRONA® High Reflective One Side Coated (Level 1) and AR One Side Coated (AR at Level 4).
16. Is it possible to print on a coated surface?
Yes, it is. The color shade may be slightly affected by the coating.
17. What kind of material is recommended for the passe-partout?
Cardboard, foil, organic and ceramic printing is recommended.
18. What kind of printing can be applied to SCHOTT MIRONA®?
Ceramic and organic printing can be used with MIRONA®. The technology for applying the ink (screen printing, digital printing, painting) doesn't really matter.
19. Which SCHOTT MIRONA® types can be thermally toughened?
All types of MIRONA® can be thermally toughened. Compared to MIRONA® Standard, MIRONA® High Reflective has a more complex layer structure, which means that only tempering furnaces with multi-zone temperature control and temperature monitoring are suitable for toughening. During thermal toughening, the reflective color may change slightly, which cannot be avoided due to the process.
20. Can SCHOTT MIRONA® be used outdoors?
MIRONA® is suitable for outdoor use. All types of MIRONA® have been tested at the Institut für Fenstertechnik (ift) in Rosenheim, Germany according to ISO 1096-2 and is classified as class A. DIN EN 1096-2 describes the testing and durability of coated glass in the construction industry.
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Dove Medical Press has adopted the CRediT taxonomy and authors are now required to complete the CRediT taxonomy when providing author contributions for all submissions.
What is the CRediT taxonomy?
CRediT is a high-level taxonomy, which includes 14 roles, that can be used to represent the roles typically performed by contributors to scientific scholarly articles. The roles describe each contributor's specific contribution to the scholarly output.
What are the benefits of using the CRediT taxonomy?
Adoption of the CRediT taxonomy is intended to improve accessibility and visibility of the range of contributions to published research outputs. Some of the benefits include:
- Helping to reduce the potential for author disputes
- Supporting adherence to authorship/contributorship processes and policies
- Enabling visibility and recognition of the different contributions of researchers, particularly in multi-authored works – across all aspects of the research being reported (including data curation, statistical analysis, etc.)
- Support identification of peer reviewers and specific expertise
- Improving the ability to track the outputs and contributions of individual research specialists and grant recipients
- Further developments in data management and nano-publication
- Enable new indicators of research value, use and re-use, credit and attribution
Importantly, the CRediT taxonomy is not intended to determine who qualifies as an author. Each author of an article may have one or more CRediT contribution roles but having a role described by the taxonomy does not automatically qualify someone as an author. Authorship is still determined according to our authorship guidelines which are based on the ICMJE requirements.
The 14 roles included in the CRediT taxonomy are:
- Conceptualization – Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
- Data curation – Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
- Formal analysis – Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data.
- Funding acquisition – Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
- Investigation – Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
- Methodology – Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
- Project administration – Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
- Resources – Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
- Software – Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
- Supervision – Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
- Validation – Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
- Visualization – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
- Writing – original draft – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
- Writing – review and editing – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including preor post-publication stages.
More information about the CRediT taxonomy can be found at _URL_
Please note: This page was adapted from the Casrai CRediT homepage and Atkins H. Author Credit: PLOS and CRediT Update. 2016. Assessment, In the News, Publishing, Science communication _URL_
Updated 28 November 2018


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Climate change is largely caused by human activities, such as large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, and will affect human health in a negative way. A new Swedish study, based on a survey among 5,000 women and men of different ages, shows that it is possible to eat in a way that is smart for both humans and the environment.
Katarina Bälter (Professor of Public Health at Mälardalens University in Sweden) investigated whether it is possible to get all the nutrients we need from food habits that generate low greenhouse gas emissions, compared to food habits that are associated with high greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that there are people whose food habits have a low carbon footprint and at the same time adhere to the dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.
Climate change is an urgent global issue and the food sector is an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change (caused by global warming) is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress. Climate change will affect human health in the future. Therefore it is important to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in all sectors of society and we can all contribute in different ways.
The aim of this research is to draw attention to the fact that climate friendly food habits can also be healthy food habits and can contribute to a sustainable and healthy lifestyle, says Katarina Bälter.
This study showed that there are large differences in diet-related greenhouse gas emissions. Men and older people tend to have food habits that generate higher emissions than women and younger people. Beef, pork and dairy products generate the most greenhouse gas emissions while plant-based foods such as roots, beans, grains, vegetables and fruit generates the least. But it is also important to think about eating seasonally, as fresh fruit can have a high climate impact if transported by air from the other side of the globe. "Overall it is possible to eat both climate friendly and nutritious" says Katarina Bälter.
In the next steps of the study, Katarina Bälter will look more closely at the link between food habits with low climate impact and human health.


Uma Abordagem para a Implantação de Nós Programáveis em Redes de Comunicação
Cris Amon RochaAécio Paiva BragaJosé Neuman de Souza
Nowadays, we are facing in the computer network research community new challenges related to the concepts of programmable and active networks. Great efforts have been spent to make current data communication networks more flexible and dynamic. Unfortunately, such efforts are followed by complexity and, therefore, the process of deploying the mechanisms has been committed. In order to make this process simpler, this work presents an open approach for having programmable nodes that make computer networks more dynamic in terms of adding new services without increasing complexity. This approach presents SNPI (Simple Network Programming Interface), which is a group of skeletons and data structures resources that make possible to the programmers and developers a fast deployment of new services into the network. The mechanism presented allows the access to internal mechanisms of data flow processing in the network nodes.
Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Computação - Contato:
 Mantida por:


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- The three schools at NEC—College, Prep, and CE—now enjoy an unprecedented depth of integration that reflects the true strength and unique mission of the entire institution. The alignment of programs and mission throughout the organization acts as a multiplier of NEC's institutional impact, and offers a unique opportunity for all of its constituents by providing multiple entry points into a dynamic, multifaceted musical education.
- Prep/CE's programs and student populations embody the major priorities and institutional values of NEC, and vice versa—the institution's priorities and values reflect the needs of both our students and the field of music.
- Through its culture of openness combined with high-quality instruction, Prep/CE continues to advance the organization's vision by increasing revenue, broadening NEC's constituencies, identifying significant emerging talent, and serving as NEC's largest gateway for community engagement.
- Prep/CE's community programs, offered through a diverse array of delivery systems such as Music-In-Education internships, distance learning, and the Abreu Fellowship community placements, play an integral role in NEC's overall community engagement strategy.
- The new campus has led to a burgeoning of new and enhanced programming, which brings a consistent and significant additional revenue stream into the institution. With more program space available, Prep and CE students now have the opportunity to work and live side by side with students from the college, which creates a more dynamic, integrated community.
- Departments that already represent the strength and depth of the College curriculum—strings, piano, chamber music, orchestral studies, composition, jazz—continue to grow, with consistent involvement from College faculty in classes, lectures, and coachings.
- The internal culture has shifted so that equal value is placed on a three-dimensional pathway to success, not just a vertical one, in recognition of the fact that each student's individual goals may lead them to different destinations. Students can have an equally rigorous and rewarding experience on any point of the learning pathway, regardless of their level of proficiency. Faculty and staff are still committed to helping each student reach his/her individual potential, knowing that the results will look different for each child.
- Growth areas have been identified and cultivated.
a. The voice department expands to reflect the college's growing focus on voice and opera, and addresses market interests with high-quality programming in areas such as musical theatre.
b. Prep's well-established early music offerings have developed into a structured program that is solidly integrated with the College's new Historically Informed Performance (a.k.a. early music) initiative.
c. The curriculum for winds, brass, and percussion provides a continuum of training and performance experience that matches the rigor of string and piano pedagogy.
d.Early childhood offerings have expanded, providing a wider entry point into musical engagement for our youngest learners.
e. Prep's Contemporary Improvisation department is established.
f.Entrepreneurship programs that encourage young musicians to engage with their communities are developed.
g.Increased donor base. Donors now include not only those that are directly served by Prep programs, but those that are interested in music education, children, and community engagement through the arts.
- Revenue development.
New programs are key to revenue development in the Prep School. Examples include (but are not limited to) the following:
a.Satellite offerings at partner sites, such as the Walnut Hill School, specializing in early childhood classes.
b.Distance learning. Prep offerings are now delivered to the classrooms, community centers, and homes of children who are unable to participate in on-site programs.
c. New and expanded programs are introduced, including additional large ensembles (instrument-specific ensembles, a classical repertoire orchestra, a wind training ensemble), and musical theatre classes.
- CE has become an efficient and effective vehicle to respond to the ever-changing needs of the music education field.
a. The identification of new audiences has resulted in the creation of vibrant adult learning centers at off-campus locations, in partnership with presenting organizations.
b. CE is known as a staunch supporter of music education in the schools by offering high-quality, sequential, and content-rich professional development opportunities for both classroom teachers and arts specialists.
c. The Abreu Fellowship and Music-In-Education program have found multiple points of curricular integration, including internship placements and oversight.
- Revenue Development.
Revenue development that will be realized through Continuing Education will result from program developments once the programs reach full maturity. As with Prep, opportunities for realistic and sustainable program growth that are a direct result of the new campus development (e.g. summer programs) are not included, since there are many variables yet to consider, and projections would be premature.
a. Our distance learning program has grown to address the needs of all constituents—life-long learners, teachers, and otherwise inaccessible classrooms and learning environments, thereby significantly increasing our sources of tuition revenue.
b. The number of students enrolled in credit-bearing certificate programs has doubled, drawn to CE because of its reputation for offering high quality, full-service music education to those seeking alternate pathways to a high-level conservatory education.
c. Expanding our reach into suburban communities through organizational partnerships (e.g. Arsenal Center for the Arts, community colleges) accesses new audiences and revenue streams.
- The diversity of CE's programs, as well as its community of teachers and learners, fully reflects NEC's culture of creative inquiry, engagement, and flexibility.
Although it would be premature to envision the program's future beyond the five-year assessment benchmark, in 2017 the work of the Abreu Fellowship continues to resonate throughout the United States in the forms of nucleo leadership and development, and as a reflection of NEC's role as a dynamic partner in the continuously developing field of community music education.


Industry Trends
Prioritizing Cybersecurity in State and Local Agencies
By Fortinet | August 26, 2020
Industry Perspectives
This is a summary of an article written for Government Technology by Jim Richberg, Field CISO at Fortinet. The entire article can be accessed here
In the past, conversations around cybersecurity in government have primarily focused on the federal level. Yet when looking at what is happening at a national level, especially when digging into proposed federal legislation, one can get a glimpse into the security-related needs of state and local governments as well.
Much of this information points to a growing focus on what should be done to secure critical infrastructure – systems for which these smaller governments are responsible. State and local services play an integral role in the lives of many people, and disruptions to education, public safety, municipal water, or local road safety due to a cyberattack simply can have a serious impact on the lives, safety, and well-being of citizens – which makes cybersecurity a top priority.
State and Local Security Challenges
The challenges that cybersecurity professionals face at the state and local level are complex, perhaps even more so than on a national one. With a broad range of services offered at the town, city, county, and state level, agencies are forced to spread their resources thin in order to secure this infrastructure. Here are five of the most important challenges these state and local agencies face.
 1. Sensitive and Valuable Data: Schools, libraries, police and fire departments, motor vehicle departments, public transportation, roads, and water and sewage systems are all managed by state and local entities. In addition to providing critical services, many of these infrastructures also collect and store citizens' data, making them prime targets for cybercriminal exploitation.
 2. Personnel Constraints: Both the cybersecurity skills gap and the nationwide high-tech workforce shortage have impacted state and, even more so, local governments severely. Attracting and retaining adequately-sized and skilled IT workforces is difficult, especially when competing against the private-sector marketplace for talent.
 3. Budgetary Constraints: State and local governments have always struggled with budgeting, and in times of economic crisis – such as the COVID-19 pandemic – these local jurisdictions have even more challenges to overcome. Cybersecurity is expensive to implement and maintain, and often gets put in the category of a "nice to have but non-essential" budget bucket.
 4. Footprint Expansion: In the face of digital transformation, agencies are being confronted with more software licenses, devices, and services than ever before. Considering the rapid growth in the adoption of IoT and cloud services, it is clear that digital footprints of even small municipalities are becoming more complex to manage. Compound this with the vast number of products installed from different vendors, and it is clear why state and local agencies often struggle to gain full visibility into threat activity, monitor their networks, and secure their connected environments.
 5. Compliance: Less visibility and control over expanding networks means that agency IT teams also often find themselves dealing with compliance-related issues. A large number of employees in a typical state and local ecosystem, combined with the fact that most data breaches happen as a result of human error, only amplifies this challenge.
Tools and Services for Securing State and Local Agencies
To address the challenges noted above, agencies need to choose and implement the right tools and services designed to protect their networks. Here is a checklist that highlights what these tools should provide:
 1. Secure AccessState governments typically work with third parties and vendors, meaning they must be able to not only authorize logins but also have a multilayered approach in place that makes use of tools, like multi-factor authentication, to ensure secure access.
 2. Integrated Security: Security deployments need to be universal to provide comprehensive threat management. Branch and field offices, core networks, and mobile endpoints all need integrated security designed to provide a "single-pane-of-glass" view out of the box so IT teams can easily manage and monitor operations.
 3. Remote Location Security: To reduce costs and enhance productivity, agencies should leverage SD-WAN at all branches and remote locations. Any chosen solution, however, should already integrate network functionality, connectivity, and security into a single, easy to use product for seamless deployment and management.
 4. Advanced Threat Detection: Given the speed and complexity of modern cyber threats, security teams must be able to respond quickly to an event. To minimize the impact of limited security responses while also ensuring a quick response, it's recommended that security teams leverage AI-driven automation to counteract today's cyber threats.
 5. Automation and Integration: Localities with inadequate security staff need cybersecurity solutions that are easy to integrate and offer fully automated adaptive operations, as well as zero-touch plug-and-play configuration.
Final Thoughts on State and Local Agencies
State and local agencies face unique and complex cybersecurity challenges. With fewer resources at their disposal, a citizenry that expects digitally-enabled services, and a changing threat landscape, state and local IT officials have their hands full. This is why it's crucial to include secure and sustainable solution integration alongside any build-out or expansion of digital services, so that protections start on day one.
Learn more about how state and local government cybersecurity helps protect digital assets and critical infrastructure against growing advanced threats.


how does a blender bottle work - best blenders for smoothies
How Does Blender Bottle Work – Working of a Blender
How does a blender work?
Let's have a look at how a relatively simple machine, a blender, and how does blender bottle work? In this complete guide you will get top features of how to use your blender and blender bottle in a way you never have thought before. So let's keep rollin'.
What is a blender?
SpeckAce - Best Reviews Website
What is a Blender – Oster Blender
It is an appliance that is within the range of household appliances. Its function is mixing and liquifying foods that, thanks to the grinding action, they end up merging. The device is used in the kitchen, and there are currently several types of it. The birth of the blender had a significant impact on society. Because, in the past, the work of crushing and blending was slow and complicated.
In the culinary world, the use of implements such as mortar and metate changed to one that was much more sophisticated and faster. The Polish Stephen J. Poplawski invented the blender in 1922. He lived in the United States, and thanks to his obsession with creating functional devices for mixing drinks, he created one that is nowadays essential.
Types of blender:
 1. Centrifugation blender: It is the appliance that is responsible for extracting the juice from vegetables and fruits through the centrifugation process. In Latin America, it as a "juice extractor" and in Spain as an "electric juicer."
 2. Grinding: Contains a motor that rotates blades to crush different types of food. In Spain, it's known as a "glass mixer" and in Latin America as a "blender."
 3. Hand blender: It is a much more modern type of mixer. It is also known as a "mini primer" and is used to mix food directly from the container. Its widely used for making purees, soups, and sauces.
Parts of a blender
 - Electric motor – It is the power source of the appliance, ultimately being what allows the blades to rotate.
 - Housing – It is the frame with which the motor is protected. There are the switches in it.
 - Shaft – It is an element with geometry, which is almost always asymmetric and is used as the support for rotating parts, although it does not transmit any torque. It is the piece with which the blender bottle rotates.
 - Glass – It is a glass or plastic container generally, which will contain food. Inside it the food is crushed.
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How does a blender work?
The operation of the blender depends more than anything on its motor since it is the part in charge of making the blades or blades move and can crush what is inside the glass.
Even though they are convenient, they are elementary devices since they only consist of a container, the leaves, a casing, and inside of it a motor. The motor that they have and which serves to make the blades move and crush everything they find.
Its operation is efficient since the device is elementary. It consists of a glass that adheres to the motor at the time of blending, blades, and a lid. Traditional blenders generally have three speeds (low, medium, and high). All a user must do is put the food to mix in the glass and close it. As soon as the motor starts, it is generally possible for the user to choose between different speeds: slow, medium, and fast so that the rate with which the blades already attached to the mechanism will rotate vary. These different speeds will be useful to prepare different kinds of food, such as if you want to crush ice.
From that moment, the mechanism will start to rotate the blades and, inside the glass, a whirlwind will form thanks to the way they turn. The blending time will depend on the food in question. If they are soft, it will not take long, but if not, they may take more time and liquids to help with the process. On the other hand, due to the way blender works, a kind of eddy will be generated in the container due to the shape and speed of blades. The liquid that is formed will move to the sides and will also return to the middle because its substantial parts will move to the bottom, where the blades are; therefore, everything will undoubtedly get crushed.
Blender works with two energies:
Mechanical energy: which is created or generated when an external energy source feeds the automatic device and makes it rotate, advance, reverse, etc. It manifests itself by pressing the switches that turn the blade and move the jug.
Electric energy: which results from the existence of a potential difference between two points, which allows establishing an electric current between the two. When it is contacted using an electrical conductor and get the work of the blender.
If everything doesn't turn liquid, more power would have to be applied to make the swirl effect more practical.
Delicacies of all kinds can be prepared in the blender, for example, smoothies, creams, soups, sauces, among others. It is also essential for making cocktails in bars and similar places.
In modern times, the principle with which the blender was created, is used in other types of smaller, more powerful, or even more manual devices and without the need to rely on electrical energy. It can be seen, for example, that although there are now models with different sizes or antlers, the shape of these will always create a swirl that will crush and mix whatever is added to it.
How does blender bottle work?
What is a Blender Bottle?
how does a blender bottle work - best blenders for smoothies
A Blender Bottle – How Does a Blender Bottle Work
A blender bottle, as the name suggests, is a plastic or polymer glass cup used for mixing and is an essential part of a blender. It comes with a very tightly sealed and secure lid. The lid contains a round-shaped metallic ball, usually made of steel. Blender bottles are very convenient and low priced and the most important thing is that they are really easy to use.
What can a blender bottle do?
We all associate blenders and blender bottles with juices and smoothies, of course, it is its natural function and to which we are most accustomed. However, it has other services and uses. We will show you some ideas of what can do with a blender.
Today we honor our summer superhero with different fresh and creative ways in how to use your blender bottle.
For those of you who see the blender as just a smoothie machine, you're going to get amazed.
For us who have been using the blender bottle for more than just smoothies since the 20th century, consider this a reminder of all that what a blender (if we know how to use it) can give us.
Smoothies and smoothies
Of course. A blender, regardless of whether it's a lifelong Moulinex Vitae or the professional Clatronic AE 3532, couldn't be complete without a mixed drink. There's nothing like a tremendous frothy smoothie with lots of ice cream or a fruity smoothie with a frozen banana to make you feel like a kid again. Drink your way back to childhood with the shakes!
In our other article we have explained about best blenders for smoothies.
It is time to relax. The list of cocktails that can make in a blender is endless, but margaritas are my favorite with cup aficionados.
Your blender can help you make the sauce smooth, silky and flavorful. Take advantage of those tomatoes that you already have and are very ripe to make a homemade tomato sauce!
A high-quality mixer (especially high-end, professional blenders ) are the secret in making ultra-creamy sauces for the holiday or happy hour. Hummus is a classic to succeed with pita chips, celery, or spread on sandwiches, delicious!
Gazpacho or cold soups
Gazpacho, the classic Spanish tomato soup served cold, is a traditional blender dish. We love cold soups, and they are perfect for summer dinners or hot meals during the day, and they are a super quick and easy way to use fresh produce.
What is the function of a blender bottle?
So let's explain the functions of a blender bottle to get into details of how does blender bottle work. We have explained some detailed recipes that you can make with the help of blenders:
Ice cream
You can make ice creams inside a blender bottle. Ice cream makers are expensive, and making ice cream from scratch takes a long time – but not with your trusted blender! Can you imagine a chocolate and hazelnut ice cream in the mixer? Did you know that a frozen banana is synonymous with banana ice cream?
Mousse or Pudding
Use a food processor to whip the cream, but it's so easy to do it in a blender bottle! It is creamy and delicious. It's very reasonable to make this delightful dairy-free mousse – especially in a blender bottle.
Creams of all kinds, such as mayonnaise
Another of its features is to make creams like mayonnaise. With a blender, you will save time and effort, in addition to achieve different results than when you do it by hand.
Mixes to make omelets
Don't you feel like cooking? Do you contact like you have no energy? Even if you need to make an omelet, you can make use of your blender bottle. Have the mixture ready in a few seconds and enjoy a portion of delicious food.
Baby food
Another of its uses is to create baby food. You can add the ingredient you want to create good food for your baby, healthy as well as nutritious. In addition to saving


text:
Noun(1) confusion resulting from failure to understand(2) something designed to mystify or bewilder(3) the activity of obscuring people's understanding, leaving them baffled or bewildered
1. bewilderment ::
6. puzzlement ::
English to Bengali Dictionary: mystification
Meaning and definitions of mystification, translation in Bengali language for mystification with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of mystification in Bengali and in English language.
Tags for the entry "mystification"
What mystification means in Bengali, mystification meaning in Bengali, mystification definition, examples and pronunciation of mystification in Bengali language.


text:
Texting is omnipresent, and it's in the news quite a bit. Text messaging has become a huge part of people's lives, especially the under 30 set. How private it texting?
According to various sources, here is some news:
AT&T says it keep messages for up to 72 hours, Sprint PCS for two weeks, and Verizon says texts don't stay on the network for a long period.
Here are a few tips to keep texts private:
* Don't ever text personal information such as your PIN number, password, or banking information to anyone. Remember, once you send that information to another person, it gets stored in their cell phone and you don't want that.
* Put a password on your phone to keep others from accessing your text logs or email. This will also prevent thieves from stealing information stored in your phone.
* iPhone owners may want to change their SMS preview settings to make incoming text messaging more private. Apple iPhone Review has instructions on how to do this.
* Those concerned about privacy can send anonymous text messages with services like AnonTxt.com.
* Don't forget to erase all your personal data before selling, recycling or donating your old phone.
* And last but not least, remember that no matter how secure you think your carrier's SMS servers are, the ultimate security of private text messages depends on the recipient.


text:
Bose Revolve SoundLink
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Please read and keep all safety, security, and use instructions.
Bose Corporation hereby declares that this product is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU and all other applicable EU directive requirements. The complete declaration of conformity can be found at: _URL_
Important Safety Instructions
- Read these instructions.
- Keep these instructions.
- Heed all warnings.
- Follow all instructions.
- Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat.
- Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.
- Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.
- Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, objects have fallen into the apparatus, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.
This symbol means there is uninsulated, dangerous voltage within the product enclosure that may constitute a risk of electrical shock.
This symbol means there are important operating and maintenance instructions in this guide.
This product contains magnetic material. Consult your physician on whether this might affect your implantable medical device.
- Keep the product away from fire and heat sources. Do NOT place naked flame sources, such as lighted candles, on or near the product.
- Do NOT make unauthorized alterations to this product.
- Do NOT use a power inverter with this product.
- Use this product only with the power supply provided.
- Where the mains plug or an appliance coupler is used as the disconnect device, the disconnect device shall remain readily operable.
- Do not expose products containing batteries to excessive heat (e.g. from storage in direct sunlight, fire or the like).
- The product label is located on the bottom of the product.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
- Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
- Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
- Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
- Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Bose Corporation could void the user's authority to operate this
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules and with ISED Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation
is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This device complies with FCC and ISED Canada radiation exposure limits set forth for general population.
This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between radiator and your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
Meets IMDA Requirements.
Carefully unpack the carton and confirm that the following parts are included:
*The USB power supply and AC power adapters may vary slightly. Use the
AC power adapter for your region.
If any part is damaged, do not use it. Contact your authorized Bose® dealer or Bose
customer service (see page 29).
Please read and keep all safety and use instructions.
1. Getting Start
- Connect to power.
- Press –Power Button.
2. Change Language
- Press – or + to scroll through available languages.
- Press and hold o O o to select your language.
3. Bluetooth Connection
- Select Bose Revolve SoundLink.
- Play music.
4. Download the free Bose® Connect app
Download the free Bose® Connect app to easily manage Bluetooth® connections, unlock features and access future updates.
What is the difference between SoundLink Revolve and the larger SoundLink Revolve+?
SoundLink Revolve+ is larger and generates higher-volume, more room-filling sound than SoundLink Revolve. SoundLink Revolve+ also has a carrying handle to make portability easier given its larger diameter. SoundLink Revolve+ has a battery life of up to 16 hours, while SoundLink Revolve has a battery life of up to 12 hours. All other features are identical.
What kind of audio sources can I use with the SoundLink Revolve speakers?
The audio connection options for the SoundLink Revolve and Revolve+ are Bluetooth® and 3.5 mm stereo audio cable. NFC can also help facilitate Bluetooth® pairing.
Can two SoundLink Revolve speakers be wirelessly linked together in Party Mode?
Yes, using the Bose Connect app, you can enable Party Mode from any of the following Bose Bluetooth speakers: SoundLink Revolve and SoundLink Revolve+.
Do SoundLink® Revolve speakers support Wi-Fi® or WiDi®?
No. The speakers' wireless connection is Bluetooth® only.
What is the wireless range of SoundLink Revolve speakers?
The speakers have a wireless range up to 9 m (30 ft). Performance can be affected by obstacles such as walls, interference from Wi-Fi or other wireless devices.
How many devices can pair with SoundLink Revolve speakers?
SoundLink Revolve speakers keep track of the last eight devices that were paired and connected to them, dropping the least recently used device when a new one is paired.
Can I stream music (Spotify, Deezer etc.) from my computer to the speaker?
Yes, as long as your computer is enabled for Bluetooth® and is within 9 metres of the speaker.
What happens when my phone is streaming music and a call comes in?
When a call comes in, the music will pause and the call will ring through the speaker. You can answer the call by pressing the multi-function button and talk into the speaker itself to conduct your phone call. When you end your call, music playback resumes
What is the battery performance of the SoundLink Revolve and Revolve+
In typical usage, the SoundLink Revolve battery lasts up to 12 hours and the SoundLink
Revolve+ lasts up to 16 hours. Battery performance can vary with the content played and volume
at which it is played.
How long does it take to charge the SoundLink Revolve and Revolve+ Bluetooth® speakers' battery?
While not playing music, much of the SoundLink Revolve speakers' battery charge can be recovered in approximately four hours when using a USB power source. Charging from
alternative USB power sources or when playing music may take longer.
What purpose do the voice prompts on the speaker serve?
They provide guidance during the Bluetooth® pairing and connection process. They also identify the connected source devices by text to speech, simplifying usage with more than one source device.
Can the voice prompts be disabled?
Yes. Simply press the "+" (volume up) and "–" (volume down) buttons simultaneously.
Can the SoundLink Revolve and Revolve+ Bluetooth® speakers be used toprovide audio for video, such as watching a movie on a tablet?
Yes. However, the quality of the experience—specifically, synchronisation between audio and video—may be compromised due to various signal processing technologies implemented in the speakers. This is true especially when using Bluetooth® as your input. For better synchronisation and lower latency, we recommend you use the Auxiliary or USB Audio inputs. For the best experience, please update your speaker's software.
What does the IPX4 rating mean for the water resistant SoundLink Revolve speakers?
The IPX4 rating classifies the degrees of protection provided against the intrusion of solid objects (including body parts like hands and fingers), dust, accidental contact and water in electrical enclosures. For SoundLink Revolve and Revolve+, we've stretched beyond the required testing parameters, to ensure that your speaker will long outlast an accidental showering of water. This means that you can use SoundLink Revolve and Revolve+ in more places and not worry if it gets wet (for example, splashes at the pool, getting caught in the rain, washing your car, splashes in the kitchen, etc.). Just don't submerge it.


text:
Champion of England
A person whose office it is to ride up Westminster Hall on a Coronation Day, and challenge any one who disputes the right of succession. The office was established by William the Conqueror, and was given to Marmion and his male descendants, with the manor of "broad Scrivelsby." De Ludlow received the office and manor through the female line; and in the reign of Richard II. Sir John Dymoke succeeded through the female line also. Since then the office has continued in the Dymoke family.
These Lincoln lands the Conqueror gave, That England's glove they might convey To knight renowned amongst the braveThe baron bold of Fonteney.
An Anglo-Norman Ballad modernised.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
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