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NYS Library Core Work Values and Groundrules
This document proposes a set of core values and groundrules for the State Library's Research Library. The document was prepared by the Parallel Organization and is reviewed by the Strategic Planning Management Group (Exec and Associates).
Core Work Values: Core work values are statements that articulate the attitudes and values of the people who work in the Library.
Groundrules: Groundrules are based on the core work values and are meant to express those values in terms of a set of behaviors or actions.
Core Work Value I: We are here to serve the public.
- Kinds of Service provided:
- We will provide the highest quality service possible.
- When we cannot fulfill the requests of Library patrons, we will suggest alternatives.
- Ways in Which Service is Provided:
- We will treat our customers as we would like to be treated.
- We will always provide prompt, friendly, courteous and professional customer service.
- We will try to explain our services in the most positive manner possible (i.e. emphasize what we can do for people, rather than restrictions.)
- We will train staff to provide the best customer service.
- Customer service will take precedence over all other activities.
Core Work Value II: We are all part of one Library, and we work together towards our common goals.
- Library-wide goals and priorities:
- Library-wide goals and priorities will be established and made clear to all staff.
- Library-wide priorities take precedence over Service Area and work unit priorities.
- Service Areas and work units will communicate with each other how their work fits in with the common goals and priorities.
- Services will be re-evaluated at least annually to ensure they are meeting our goals and priorities.
- Deployment of staff (i.e. changing staff assignments within the context of their job titles) will be re-evaluated at least annually based on priorities.
- Once a goal or priority is set, all staff will support and work towards it.
- Commitment to the Whole Library:
- Loyalty to the whole Library is more important than loyalty to your Service Area or work unit.
- Principal Librarians will make decisions based first on what is good for the Library as a whole, and then on what is good for their Service Area.
- Service Areas and work units will cooperate with each other to the extent of sharing staff and resources when necessary.
- More staff will be involved in Library-wide committees in order to contribute to the whole of the Library.
- Managers and staff will maintain a cooperative environment with the Director of the Library as the head of the institution.
- Managers and staff will uphold team principles within their work units and committees, including an understanding that:
- Managers and supervisors need to find a balance between making decisions and delegating work and authority to others.
- Staff need to make suggestions for improvement in a reasonable and courteous manner.
- Managers and supervisors need to listen carefully to their staff's suggestions.
- Staff should have a part in decision making when appropriate.
- After receiving staff input, final decisions are the responsibility of the leadership and management of the Library.
- The Executive Group will work as a team with open and honest communication.
- Managers will communicate information to their staff in an accurate and timely manner.
- Managers will set an example to all staff, by working cooperatively together and putting the Library first.
- Staff with special expertise, knowledge, or experience will pass along what they know to other staff.
Core Work Value III: We are committed to working to the best of our abilities.
- Every person working in the Library will:
- Recognize that each person's work is an important part of the Library.
- Be thorough and accurate in their work.
- Be flexible and willing to pitch in and help where needed.
- Follow the rules and procedures of the Library.
- Managers and Supervisors will:
- Be a model for their staff in terms of how to treat other people.
- Be clear and specific about their expectations of staff.
- Provide honest feedback to staff, both the positive and negative, so that people know how they have performed.
- Give constructive criticism that critiques the work not the person.
- Provide timely, accurate information to staff.
- Provide staff with the right training to do quality work.
- Take every opportunity to recognize staff for work that is well done --
- Insure that all of the people who have done the work get recognized.
- Recognize quality of work, not just quantity.
- Staff will:
- Let supervisors know if there is anything that keeps them from doing quality work (e.g. supplies, equipment, training).
- Let supervisors know if there is anything that keeps them from doing a particular assignment (e.g. work load problems, expertise, physical limitations).
- Recognize that managers and supervisors are human too.
Core Work Value IV: We value and respect each other.
- Behavior of all Library Staff: We will treat each other with respect, courtesy and professionalism. We will:
- Take responsibility for our own actions.
- Treat our colleagues at all grade levels as we wish to be treated.
- Always act in an adult and appropriate manner towards each other.
- Value the work that everyone does in the Library.
- Managers' and Supervisors' Responsibilities: Managers and supervisors have special responsibility to model the Library's core values. Therefore, managers and supervisors will:
- Remember they have a great deal of authority, and therefore should use that authority in a fair, measured way.
- Bring any lapses in professional behavior directly to that staff person's attention.
- Respect confidentiality.


_USER_ {4831, title = {The human endogenous attentional control network includes a ventro-temporal cortical node}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {02/2021}, abstract = {
Endogenous attention is the cognitive function that selects the relevant pieces of sensory information to achieve goals and it is known to be controlled by dorsal fronto-parietal brain areas. Here we expand this notion by identifying a control attention area located in the temporal lobe. By combining a demanding behavioral paradigm with functional neuroimaging and diffusion tractography, we show that like fronto-parietal attentional areas, the human posterior inferotemporal cortex exhibits significant attentional modulatory activity. This area is functionally distinct from surrounding cortical areas, and is directly connected to parietal and frontal attentional regions. These results show that attentional control spans three cortical lobes and overarches large distances through fiber pathways that run orthogonally to the dominant anterior-posterior axes of sensory processing, thus suggesting a different organizing principle for cognitive control.
}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-20583-5}, url = {_URL_ author = {Sani, Ilaria and Stemmann, Heiko and Caron, Bradley and Bullock, Daniel and Stemmler, Torsten and Fahle, Manfred and Pestilli, Franco and Freiwald, Winrich A.} }


What Motor Oil Is Best For Hot Summers and Cold Winters?
mechanic adding oil with funnel
Summer is here and that might bring up the question of "What motor oil should I use when getting my oil changed?"
motor oil
Oil weight, or "viscosity," is important to understand when deciding what kind of oil to put in your vehicle during the hotter summer months. The weight of a motor oil determines how well it operates in hotter temperatures.
The higher weight means that the oil is thicker so it doesn't move or flow as quickly. Each kind of oil, like synthetic and conventional, has different levels of weights. So beyond knowing what type of oil your car takessynthetic, blend, or conventional – you want to understand which weight of oil you need and most manufacturers indicate this in your manual.
There are two numbers that indicate the weight of the oil and how it'll interact in different temperatures. The first number has a W at the end that stands for 'Winter.' This will tell you how well the oil flows in winter. If the number is low it means the oil flows well at low temperatures. If the numbers are larger it's better for warmer temperatures. The number that comes after the W indicates how well the oil flows in hot temperatures. Higher numbers flow better because it doesn't get too thin in really hot temperatures.
So if you're looking to change your oil for the summer, you'll want to pick something that has a higher second number like 30. Once the cooler weather hits be sure to switch to an oil that has a lower number before the W. If you have more questions about what type of motor oil to get, reach out to a CarAdvise ASE Tech! They're here to answer any questions you might need!
More To Explore
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Tolkien Gateway
Revision as of 10:27, 20 May 2007 by Elemmakil (Talk | contribs)
Bifur was a companion to Bilbo Baggins and Thorin Oakenshield on the Quest of Erebor. He arrived at Bag End in the company of his brother Bombur, and cousin Bofur. He fought and survived the Battle of Five Armies. Bifur was a descendent of Dwarves of Khazad-dum, but was not of Durin's line, which means that he was of either the house of the Firebeards or Broadbeams. Which most of the population of these two houses dwelt for all of the Second Age and the through the mid Third Age. It is possible that Bifur fought in the Battle of Dale during the War of the Ring.
The name of Bifur originates in a medieval poet collection Eddaand the list of dwarves in Völuspá, where it is written as Bívurr.
Members of Thorin and Company


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OSHO Online Library » The Books » Ancient Music in the Pines
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Chapter 4: Be a Light unto Yourself
The first question:
Is Zen the path of surrender? Then how come the basic teaching of Buddha is, "Be a light unto yourself"?
The essential surrender happens within you. It has nothing to do with anybody outside you. The basic surrender is a relaxation, a trust - so don't be misguided by the word. Linguistically, surrender means to surrender to somebody, but religiously, surrender simply means trust, relaxing. It is an attitude rather than an act: you live through trust.
Let me explain. You swim in water, you go to the river and swim. What do you do? - you trust water. A good swimmer trusts so much that he almost becomes one with the river. He is not fighting, he does not grab the water, he is not stiff and tense. If you are stiff and tense you will be drowned, if you are relaxed the river takes care.
That's why whenever somebody dies, the dead body floats on the water. This is a miracle. Amazing! Alive, the person died and was drowned by the river, but dead, the person simply floats on the surface. What has happened? The dead person knows some secret about the river which the alive person did not know. The alive person was fighting. The river was the enemy. He was afraid, he could not trust. But the dead person, not being there, how could he fight? The dead person is totally relaxed, with no tension: suddenly the body surfaces, the river takes care. No river can drown a dead person.
Trust means you are not fighting. Surrender means you don't think of life as the enemy but as the friend. Once you trust the river, suddenly you start enjoying. Tremendous delight arises: splashing, swimming, or just floating or diving deep. But you are not separate from the river, you merge, you become one.
Surrender means to live the same way in life as a good swimmer swims in the river. Life is a river: either you can fight or you can float, either you can push the river and try to go against the current or you can float with the river and go wherever the river leads you.
Surrender is not towards somebody, it is simply a way of life. A God is not needed to surrender to. There are religions which believe in God, there are religions which don't believe in any God - but all religions believe in surrender, so surrender is the real God.
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What is a pellet mill?
- The definition
A pellet mill (also called pellet machine, pellet press) is a type of mill or machine which is used to make pellets from powdered materials. A pellet mill is usually consisted of pellet die and rollers. The rotating rollers or the rotating dies force the feedstock trough the die holes to form pellets. (See the picture of how the pellets are produced by a pellet mill).
- The function of a pellet mill
Without any process, biomass from plants can be used to produce alternative fuel for fossil fuels. However the natural biomass with low densities, i.e. 80-150 kg/m3 for herbaceous and 150-200 kg/m3 for woody biomass, limits their application in energy production. Then the densification of these materials are needed to increase the bulk densities. Pelletizing is one of the methods to realize densification.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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3. Conversion of the US National Airspace Data Files
3.1 Obtaining the US National Airspace Data CD-ROM
The US National Airspace Data ISO 9660 CD-ROM can be obtained for a nominal fee by sending a request in writing to the FAA Aeronautical Information Services Division. The data is suitable for navigation purposes, and the effective dates coincide with the 56 day charting cycle. The data is generally available about 15 days before the starting effective date. A subscription plan is also available that includes a password for ftp access, and a four month advance notice of any pending format changes. More information can be obtained from the FAA web sites at;
3.2 Overview of the Conversion Process
The files on the National Airspace Data CD-ROM are stored in a format that uses fixed width data fields, and fixed length records. The formats of these files are described in detail in the documents provided on the CD-ROM. The conversion of these files is a two step process. The first step utilizes awk scripts to extract selected data fields, and write them out in a format with variable width data fields. The ":" character is used as a data field delimiter. The choice of the colon character for the delimiter was motivated by the fact that this is what the fplan databases use. These intermediate files are very similar to the comma delimited files that were once available for free download. The final step is to convert the intermediate files to the desired format using the nasdconv application.
3.3 Generating the Intermediate Files
There are three intermediate files with variable width data fields; containing airports, fixes, and navaids. To avoid the possibility of data corruption, we must insure that the character used to delimit data fields (the colon character), does not appear in the data itself. At the time of this writing, a check of the raw NASD files shows that they don't contain any colon characters. However, as a fail safe, the first step of the conversion process is to filter the NASD files with sed, to convert any colon characters to semicolons.
To generate the intermediate airport file, the apt.txt and twr.txt NASD files are converted using the nasd_apt.awk and nasd_twr.awk scripts respectively. The two output streams are merged and sorted by identifier and record type. The intermediate fix file is the result of converting the fix.txt NASD file using the nasd_fix.awk awk script. The intermediate navaid file is the result of converting the nav.txt NASD file using the nasd_nav.awk awk script.
3.4 Creating Output for fplan
The mkfplandb bourne shell script makes it easy to create database files for use with fplan. The script handles everything; the filtering of the raw data with sed, the creation and sorting of the intermediate files, running nasdconv and paddb, and so on. I have added more error checking in this release, which should make it robust enough for the casual user. Here is a step by step overview of how to use the script;
 1. If you have the NASD CD-ROM, place it in your drive and mount it with the "mount" command. Depending on permissions, you may need to be the root user to do this. Because the CD-ROM does not make consistent use of upper and lower case characters in the filenames, you should include the option "check=relaxed" in your "mount" command.
 2. Now run "mkfplandb" to generate the fplan database files. A brief description of all available options can be obtained by using the "-h" option. If you want to see what commands the script is executing, include the "-v" option on the command line.
 3. If mkfplandb has difficulty in determining where your CD-ROM is mounted in your file system, or if you have copied the NASD files to disk, you can specify the directory where they are located with the "-d" command line option.
 4. If mkfplandb has difficulty in locating any of the executables that it needs, you can specify the exact location on your system by setting the corresponding environment variable (e.g. AWK, NASDCONV, PADDB, SED, SORT).
 5. The NASDCONV_FLAGS environment variable can be used to specify the command line options passed to nasdconv. The default options are "-k -f wmm -m fm -t fplan".
The remainder of this section provides a closer look at the process of generating databases for use with fplan. The airports.nav data file is generated by running nasdconv with the intermediate airport file as input. The vors.nav file is generated from the combined outputs from nasdconv with the intermediate fix and navaid files as inputs. The files written by nasdconv must be sorted by identifier, and padded to fixed length records using the paddb utility supplied with fplan. (The fplan application uses a fast binary search that relies on fixed length records). Here is a simple diagram that shows the entire process.
apt.txt ->sed ->apt.awk -+
 sort ->nasdconv ->paddb ->airports.nav
twr.txt ->sed ->twr.awk -+
fix.txt ->sed ->fix.awk ->nasdconv -+
 sort ->paddb ->vors.nav
nav.txt ->sed ->nav.awk ->nasdconv -+
3.5 Creating Output for ICAO Map
The ICAO Map software reads a single world database file that contains all airport and navigational aid information. You can simply merge the output from nasdconv with the intermediate airport, fix, and navaid files as inputs. To reduce the memory requirements of ICAO Map, you might consider creating separate world files for your state or region. The parser in release 1.0 of ICAO Map is not compatible with some of the characters output by nasdconv. The file icao-1.0.patch contains a patch for this problem, as well as support for printing to letter size paper.
3.6 Running the nasdconv application
In this section, we provide a brief overview of running nasdconv, a complete reference on command line syntax can be found in the provided man page. There are two options with important ramifications that we discuss below. What's right for you depends on your specific situation.
This option provides a mechanism for differentiating between an airport and navigational aid with the same identifier. (There are many examples of this in the airport database). This option implements a convention currently used by many GPS manufacturers. Any airport identifier that is all alphabetic, and is exactly three characters long, is prepended by the character "K". This applies to all such airports, regardless of the existence of a navigational aid with the same identifier. So for example, HMT becomes KHMT, while identifiers like L78 and CL35 are not changed by the translation algorithm.
-m (db|fm)
This option controls the convention used for determining the magnetic variation entries in the output databases. For some of the NASD database files, (the fix files for example), a magnetic variation value is not provided, so a value must be estimated using a model (see the following section). The other NASD database files provide a magnetic variation value. To use the database value when it's available, use db as the argument to this option. To always use the value computed by the model, use fm. This is the default and recommended value.
This option controls the convention used for determining the magnetic variation entries in the output databases. Some of the NASD files, the fix files for example, do not provide a value for the magnetic variation. For these inputs, a value will always be estimated using a model (see the following section). To use the database value when it's available from the input file, use db as the argument to this option. To always use the value computed by the model, use fm. This is the default and recommended value (see the next section for details).
3.7 The Geomagnetic Field Module
One of the problems with the NASD database files is that in many cases the magnetic variation values are either missing entirely or not very accurate. For example, the fix files have no magnetic variation entries of any kind. The nav files provide a value for magnetic variation, but only rounded to the nearest whole degree. In many cases, the epoch year associated with a magnetic variation value is quite dated, (this is undesirable because the values drift slowly with time). At any rate, this presented an unexpected complication that had to be dealt with. I needed a model to calculate the magnetic variation, given an arbitrary latitude and longitude referenced to some datum.
The Physical Model
After some research, I quickly concluded that the best solution was to use one of the geomagnetic field models in common use by the Geophysics community. The two most commonly encountered models are the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), and the United States Department of Defense World Magnetic Model (WMM). In these models, the geomagnetic field potential is represented by a summation of spherical harmonics (using associated Legendre functions). The coefficients are found by fitting the model to very precise measurements of the earth's geomagnetic field. A secular change model is used to account for the slow drifting of the earth's magnetic field over time. The models are updated once every five years, with the next model due to come out in the year 2005. The model coefficients and a collection of support software are distributed in the United States by the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) located in Boulder, CO.


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The role of different reproductive barriers during phenotypic divergence of isopod ecotypes.
Förlag: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc
The question of how diverging populations become separate species by restraining gene flow is a central issue in evolutionary biology. Assortative mating might emerge early during adaptive divergence, but the role of other types of reproductive barriers such as migration modification have recently received increased attention. We demonstrate that two recently diverged ecotypes of a freshwater isopod (Asellus aquaticus) have rapidly developed premating isolation, and this isolation barrier has emerged independently and in parallel in two south Swedish lakes. This is consistent with ecological speciation theory, which predicts that reproductive isolation arises as a byproduct of ecological divergence. We also find that in one of these lakes, habitat choice acts as the main barrier to gene flow. These observations and experimental results suggest that migration modification might be as important as assortative mating in the early stages of ecological speciation. Simulations suggest that the joint action of these two isolating barriers is likely to greatly facilitate adaptive divergence, compared to if each barrier was acting alone.
- Biology and Life Sciences
- ISSN: _PHONE_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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assemblage tells us that it was this subtropical world. We also recovered the pollen of plants called Bombacaceae which are very characteristic rainforest trees with huge splayed trunks at the bottom.
Sue - How long did this tropical period of Antarctica last?
James - We only see the really warmth-loving species like the palm trees and the Bombacaceae on the Antarctic coastline during the peak warmth of the early Eocene. Within a few million years they disappear and they get replaced by Nothofagus which is a southern beech tree, more like the temperate vegetation you might see in New Zealand. This was existing in the mountains but it came down and took over the coastlines as the climate was cooling. The climate was cooling at that time because Tasmania and Australia break away from the Antarctic - we get an opening up of an ocean gateway and new cold ocean current surrounding the Antarctic and the climate starts to cool.
Sue - And then it heads towards millions of years later more like the Antarctic that we know today?
James - Yeah, then by 34 million years before the present we see another really fast step wise cooling and the continent glaciates and it loses its vegetation.
Sue - So now that you know then what Antarctica was like all that time ago and at a time when its carbon dioxide levels were high or similar to what they are now, are you effectively seeing the future of Antarctica like that again?
James - If we reached CO2 emissions that were similar to that time and we let the climate system and the vegetation in Antarctica get to equilibrium then, yes, eventually. It might take several thousand years or so but, yes, that is the direction in which we will travel in if we continue with unabated emissions.
Sue - When you were doing this research and it was probably cold, icy, could you envisage that you would uncover a world that is actually far more like this stuffy, steamy, tropical plant house that we're in now?
James - A couple of times we had to move away from the area that the ship was drilling in because we had had quite large icebergs that were coming too close to the ship, so we were in that southern ocean, big ocean swirls, grey skies, really cold, icebergs around... But then when you are drilling through these geological sediments you are effectively becoming a time traveller and it is amazing now that we have the data after several years of work to look at that data and to image this world where it was - it never got below about 10 degrees centigrade in the winter, it was at least as warm as 20 degrees in the summer, maybe warmer, and then really I think aesthetically it's the vegetation assemblages knowing that there was palm trees and these Bombacaceae trees and tree ferns is just an amazing thing to think about.
Why don't women go bald?
Ginny - Women can go bald, is the first thing I should say. There are various illnesses. One is called alopecia universalis which is thought to be an autoimmune disease which attacks the hair follicles and can cause you to lose all your hair including eyelashes, eyebrows, everything, and that affects both men and women. But if we're talking about male pattern baldness which affects up to 80% of Caucasian men by the time they're 70, so a lot of men. You're right. It doesn't affect women quite the same way and this is because it's caused by a male hormone.
It's highly genetic and can be inherited from either parent, contrary to popular belief. But it's caused when you have high amounts of dihydrotestosterone which is a derivative of testosterone which as we all know is in much higher concentrations in men than in women. This causes the hair follicles to atrophy. They actually shrivel up and the hair produced then becomes progressively smaller and thinner and finer, until it's practically invisible or it may even disappear completely.
Hormones do also play a role in women. So, sometimes people experience hair loss during pregnancy, menopause, anytime when hormone levels may vary. But as I said, it's mainly testosterone that's the culprit, so that's why it affects men much more that women.
When will we find out if pi is normal?
Matt - That is a very good question because at the moment, we don't know whether or not pi is normal. Normal has a very specific definition in maths, so if we say a number is normal, it means that any string of digits is equally likely to appear in its decimal expansion. And so, the decimal places of pi go on forever and they never repeat, but we don't know effectively how well distributed they are if you go far enough down. And we've checked trillions and trillions of digits and it's been normal all the way so far. But we can't guarantee that it will continue to be normal after that. And so, I suspect it's going to be a while because currently don't have any really good mathematical techniques to explore that far into pi or to find some way to pin down to show why it is or it isn't normal. But hopefully one day, people will develop some new mathematical ideas and will be able to answer that question.
Can reusing plastic bottles alter fertility?
Chris - This is an interesting and emerging area because the question everyone is beginning to consider (I was going to say the question on everyone's lips, but that's a bit of too bad a pun for drinking bottles). It's becoming clear that the bottles and the plastics that we use in our everyday lives contain chemicals which we now regard as endocrine disruptors. These are chemicals that can mimic the behaviour of certain hormones in the body especially female hormones.
One of these chemicals is called bisphenol A, and there are also chemicals leaking out of other types of plastic which get into the contents. I did read one paper which was published a couple of years ago by a guy called Martin Wagner who's a researcher at the University of Frankfurt in Germany on this subject and what he and his team did was to go to their supermarket and they bought a very large cluster of plastic bottles containing mineral water.
This wasn't mineral water that had been made artificially, this really was mineral water out of the ground. They emptied all of the water out of the bottles and they refilled the bottles, and they also took a second group of glass bottles and filled both with laboratory grade water which they knew was pure.
They put into the bottles some snails. They're in fact snails called New Zealand mud snails and they kept them in the bottles, feeding them in ideal circumstances for a couple of months, and they then totted up the reproductive rate of the snails. The animals kept in the glass bottles had half as many embryos as the animals that were kept in the plastic bottles and it was a statistically significant result.
Martin Wagner's interpretation is that there is something leaking out of the bottle which is getting into the water which is acting as an estrogenic-like chemical in these snails and making them more reproductively active and therefore, the extension to that is that if we're using the same product, we're almost certainly exposing ourselves. But obviously, we're not a snail, so you've got to interpret it slightly cautiously.
At the same time, returning to Rosemarie's question, if you re-use a plastic bottle, is that a risk? Well actually, you'd argue, the more times you use a plastic bottle, the less risk there is because by the time the plastic bottle has been used to the point where it falls apart, you've actually drunk all of the endocrine disruptors that were in it, so the concentration is getting lower and lower all the time, so it's getting less and less bad for you. The more you use it, it's probably worse for you when you have a new one.
What's my lifetime chance of winning the lottery?
Matt - Let's see if we can work this out fairly quickly. If you start playing when you're 16 and you cease playing when you're 86, is that reasonable? It will give us 70 years of non-stop playing. So that's about one hundred games per year. So, you'll end up doing about 7,000 games across your lifetime. What you need to do is, if it's originally 1 in 14 million, we'll divide that by the 7,000 games you're going to play because you'll have 7,000 chances to win and you end up with 2,000. So, you need to have 2,000 lifetimes to expect to win the lottery.
Trevor - That's more alarming I think and then actually saying 14 million to 1, so I'll enjoy sharing that in work tomorrow. The second part is also to do with the lottery. If you do the numbers 1 - 6 in the lottery. I think people who do that are being silly on the basis of the first 3 balls come out and on the night and it's say, number 1, number 2, number 3, the chances of 4 to 10 coming out next diminishes. Is that the case?
Matt - If you look at the lottery as a whole, from before you start pulling out the balls in the particular draw, any list of numbers you pick is equally likely. So you can pick 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. You can pick random numbers like 12, 37, 14, or other random numbers - every single string of numbers has exactly the same chance of coming up. What you're saying now is, once you start drawing the balls out, how does


4 Digital-advertising Trend In 2015
By Hamish Russell|August 9, 2015|Marketing|0 comments
Marketers often consider content to be digital currency. We have seen how it is rapidly changing under the influence of new media and social networks, shaped to be as useful and as fitting to the user as possible. So what are the most noteworthy trends of content marketing in 2015?
Native storytelling
BuzzFeed is the platform, which introduced the concept of Native Advertising and the revealed its full potential with the world. This type of advertising is considered as part of the review sites, takes into account the area and does not cause rejection of the audience; it is 'woven' into the mainstream content and matches it to the format and content. BuzzFeed itself describes its role in this process of advertising as an 'aid to other companies in the creation of authentic history'. The method is widely used by savvy marketing businesses, such as Gravitate or HTP Digital, a prosperous UK-based b2b digital marketing company, famous for its savvy content approaches.
Smart branded content based on programmatic advertising
According to a 2015 Digital Media Predictions report, an equal to storytelling power is Programmatic Advertising, which represents a combination of content, targeting and data.
Programmatic advertising is all about processing user information such as gender, age, location, weather, time of day and generating a laser-precise advertising message. Thus, branded content becomes a chameleon that changes its appearance depending on who is looking at it. Control information such as dynamic advertising allows to tell the fascinating story of the brand and stay highly personalised. It is a strategy that sets a strong link between data and content, minimising marketing costs and increasing relevance. (more…)


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What is it?
Stereoisomerism occurs when substances have the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of their atoms in space. Cis-trans isomerism is one type of this isomerism. It applies to:
- alkenes and other organic compounds that contain C=C bonds
- cyclic alkanes.
In A Level Chemistry, you only need to know about cis-trans isomerism due to the presence of a C=C bond.
What is here?
You can see models of the two cis-trans isomers of but-2-ene. This alkene has cis-trans isomers because each carbon atom involved in the C=C bond has two different groups attached.
For comparison, you can also see a model of but-1-ene, which does not form these isomers.
You should be prepared to identify cis-trans isomers for simple organic compounds like these for your examinations, and you should also be able to name them.
⚠ Does not have geometrical isomers, even though it has a C=C bond! One of the C atoms in this bond has two identical groups (H atoms) attached.
The name cis or trans depends on where the identical groups are located:
- cis if they are on the same side of the C=C bond
- trans if they are on opposite sides of the C=C bond.
So in cis-but-2-ene, the two —CH3 groups are on one side and the two H atoms are on the other side. In trans-but-2-ene, each of these are on opposite sides.
What happens if there are three or four different groups?
In this case, you cannot use the cis-trans naming system. Instead, you must use the E–Z naming system. This is more complicated but much more flexible.


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An Integrator-Backstepping-Based Dynamic Surface Control Method for a Two-Axis Piezoelectric Micropositioning Stage
ABSTRACT In this paper, an integrator-backstepping-based dynamic surface control method for a two-axis piezoelectric micropositioning stage is proposed. First, according to the dynamics of motion of a mechanical mass-spring system, mathematical equations that contain a linear viscous friction, a varied elasticity with cross-coupling effect due to mechanical bending, and dynamics of a hysteresis variable is proposed to describe the motion dynamics of the two-axis piezopositioning stage. Next, from the equations, a state-space model in which the applied voltage to the stage is defined as an output of an integrator is derived. On the basis of this state-space model, the integrator-backstepping-based dynamic surface control is proposed. By using the proposed control method to trajectory tracking of the two-axis piezopositioning stage, the dynamic performance, robustness to parameter variations, and trajectory tracking error can be improved. Experimental results of the time responses from the computer-controlled two-axis piezopositioning stage illustrate the validity of the proposed control method for practical applications in trajectory tracking.
- SourceAvailable from: Chun-Yi Su
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- "Recently, piezo-actuated stage has many effective applications in ultra-high precision positioning systems (Chen and Hisayama, 2008; Fleming and Moheimani, 2007; Krejci and Kuhnen, 2001; Kuhnen and Krejci, 2009; Moheimani and Goodwin, 2001; Shieh and Hsu, 2007). The piezo electric actuator (PEA) is used to meet the requirement of nanometer resolution in displacement, high stiffness and rapid response. "
ABSTRACT: The XY table is composed of two piezo electric actuators (PEA) and a positioning mechanism (PM). Due to existence of hysteretic nonlinearity in the PEA and the friction in the PM, the high precision control for the XY table is a challenging task. This paper discusses the high precision adaptive control for the XY talbe, where the hysteresis is described by Prandtl-Ishlinskii model. The proposed control law ensures the global stability of the controlled stage, and the position error can be controlled to approach to zero asymptotically. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this paper, a novel robust nonlinear sliding mode generator excitation controller for single machine infinite bus(SMIB) with parameter uncertainty and disturbance is proposed. The controller is designed in a backstepping manner, proportional-integral-derivative(PID) stabilizing signal of the virtual error is introduced in the design procedure. First according to the backstepping approach, series Lyapunov functions are constructed step by step, the adaptive law of damping coefficient is given in the second step, and finally, a novel sliding surface is designed. The whole control law is obtained by applying the sliding mode control theory, so the disturbance is attenuated. To validate the control law, some simulations were carried on in case of two faults, the results showed that the proposed control method is able to achieve a quite satisfactory control effect.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Phalerum Bay
Phalerum (Ancient Greek: Φάληρον, Phálēron; Modern Greek: Φάληρο, Fáliro) was a port of Ancient Athens. It was situated 5 km southwest of the Acropolis of Athens, on a bay of the Saronic Gulf. This bay is also referred to as Bay of Phalerum (Greek: Όρμος Φαλήρου Ormos Falirou). The area of Phalerum is now occupied by the towns Palaio Faliro, Kallithea, Moschato and Neo Faliro, all of which part of the Athens agglomeration.
Phalerum was the major port of Athens before Themistocles had the three rocky natural harbours by the promontory of Piraeus developed as alternative, starting from 491 BC. It was said that Menestheus set sail with his fleet to Troy from Phalerum, and so did Theseus when he sailed to Crete after the death of Androgeus.[1]
Recently, archaeologists have uncovered what appear to be traces of ancient Athens's first port before the city's naval and shipping center was moved to Piraeus. The site, some 350 m from the modern coastline, contained pottery, tracks from the carts that would have served the port, and makeshift fireplaces where travelers waiting to take ship would have cooked and kept warm.
Olympias, a modern reconstruction of an ancient trireme naval ship.
The Park of Maritime Tradition, a collection of preserved historic ships, is located at the site. At the southern tip is the permanent anchorage of the armored cruiser HS Averof (now a floating museum), which was the admiralty ship of the Hellenic Navy during the Balkan Wars and World War I. Other museum ships include the Hellenic Navy destroyer HS Velos (D16), the old cable ship Thalis o Milisios (Thales of Miletos) and Olympias, a modern reconstruction of an ancient trireme naval ship.
Notable people[edit]
 1. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.1.2
 2. ^ Diogenes Laertius. "Lives of the Philosophers: "Thales", translated by C.D. Yonge". Retrieved 2010-09-27.
Coordinates: 37°56′02″N 23°41′07″E / 37.933883°N 23.685237°E / 37.933883; 23.685237


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The Bancroft Company of New York, ca. 1902.
This promotional pamphlet compares The Bancroft Library to other great libraries of the world and lists some of the library benefactors in the United States, while inviting "some person so inclined to found a much needed Institute of American History, either in connection with some library or university, or independently"--with The Bancroft Library as its basis.
Hubert Howe Bancroft. Codicile to will. New Haven, Connecticut. 11 May 1903.
Among Bancroft's concerns when he drew up his will in 1903 was the disposition of his library which he had gathered "at a cost to my estate of a million or two of dollars." In this attachment he tells his family that "I do not wish them ever to give away my library of Pacific or West American historical material, but to hold the same until it is appreciated and purchased by some one at a fair price."
Option to Purchase, H. H. Bancroft to the Regents of the University of California, dated September 15, 1905. Typed transcript provided by Office of the Comptroller, University of California.
Among the provisions Bancroft included was that the Regents establish a "Bancroft Professorship of Pacific Coast History"--insuring the continued scholarly use of his collection. In an extension to the option signed on November 9, and in the final purchase agreement, this provision was waived.
Reuben Gold Thwaites. The Bancroft Library. A Report Submitted to the President and Regents of the University of California upon Condition and Marketable Value of The Bancroft Library. Berkeley, 14 October 1905.
In 1905, support among the faculty and administration of the University began to rally in favor of the acquisition of Bancroft's library. On September 15, 1905, the Regents agreed to a sixty-day option on the purchase of the Bancroft Library for $250,000, $100,000 of which would be a gift from Hubert Howe Bancroft. The next month historian Reuben G. Thwaites, then Superintendent of the Wisconsin Historical Library, home of the famed Draper Collection, was engaged to survey the library and estimate its value. He returned with the reassuring evaluation that the 50,000 items (excluding dictations, catalogs and indices) contained in the library were without a doubt worth at least $315,000. The deal was sealed, and the University agreed to pay Bancroft $50,000 at once, $50,000 in a year, and another $50,000 in two years.
Agreement, H. H. Bancroft with the Regents of the University of California, dated November 25, 1905. Typed transcript provided by Office of the Comptroller, University of California.
In the purchase agreement, Bancroft accepts payment in three installments of $50,000 over three years. The major provision remaining from the original option to purchase is that "It is understood by the parties hereto that said library shall be kept substantially intact in some secure and fireproof building at the seat of the University of California and shall be known as the 'Bancroft Library.'" This provision became particularly important in later years when proposals were made to split off the Mexican and Central American materials into a separate library.Hubert Howe Bancroft. Letter to Griffing Bancroft. San Francisco, 25 November 1905.
Bancroft writes his son about the successful sale of the library, the money from which he intends to use to pay off the mortgage on St. Dunstan's, an apartment building owned in San Francisco. Bancroft's efforts at this time to liquidate debt and settle a steady income on his children were wholly dashed by the destruction of his properties in the 1906 earthquake and fire.
Hubert Howe Bancroft. Letter to Henry Morse Stephens. San Francisco, 26 November 1905. Bancroft sends heartfelt thanks to Stephens for his role in effecting
the sale of his library to the University: "As long as we live we shall
remember your kindness in the matter--not merely as to the sale of the
library so much as to the manner it came about & was done.
Hubert Howe Bancroft. Letter to Henry Morse Stephens. San Francisco, 26 November 1905.
Bancroft sends heartfelt thanks to Stephens for his role in effecting the sale of his library to the University: "As long as we live we shall remember your kindness in the matter--not merely as to the sale of the library so much as to the manner it came about & was done.
Bancroft left New York by steamer on February 24, 1852, arriving in San Francisco, via the Isthmus of Panama, on April 1. Though not quite twenty, Bancroft had been entrusted with an important consignment of books and stationery to sell for his brother-in-law, George H. Derby. While awaiting the arrival of the shipment, sent by clipper by way of Cape Horn, Bancroft and his good friend and fellow clerk, George L. Kenny, worked at a quartz mine at Long Bar and in a general merchandise store in Rich Bar.
| Bancroft Home | General Information | Collections | Research
| Reference and Access Services | News, Events, Exhibitions, Publications |
| Friends of The Bancroft Library | Site Map | Search The Bancroft Library Website |
| UC Berkeley Library Home | Catalogs | Search the Library Website |


text:
How Are Vehicle Trackers Used in Motorsport?
At Verilocation, we have become aware many of our customers may wonder how vehicle trackers are used within motorsports. Motorsports are constantly pushing the boundaries of what human engineering can achieve, and they are now using state of the art vehicle tracker systems to help them. In sports where everyone 100th of a second matters, tracker systems are giving engineers and trainers incredible insight into how their vehicles, and their drivers, perform under pressure. The data provided by the vehicle tracker units can help to cut out small inefficiencies, and improve the way drivers handle their cars in order to strike a balance between efficiency and lap time. As well as that, they are helping to give spectators and engineers alike a fuller understanding of races.
Why are Trackers Important in Sport?
In order to be the best at a motorsport, you need to combine a quality driver with an ultra-efficient machine. Vehicle tracker systems allow the engineers to monitor the engine as it flies around the track at high speeds. The vehicle tracker also, crucially, allows them to monitor how the driver controls the car. By recording and providing feedback regarding the drivers' acceleration and braking patterns, training can be focused on improving fuel efficiency - a key aspect of modern motor racing. By analysing whether the driver should brake early or late on a tough corner - or whether extra acceleration is needed on a certain part of the track - minor adjustments can be made that often mean the difference between a win and a loss in these incredibly competitive sports.
Use of a Vehicle Tracker in Formula One Racing
Formula One is the most lucrative of all Motorsports and is hugely popular across the globe. The teams do everything in their power to get the most out of their vehicles, and huge amounts of money are spent on improving the final product. A good vehicle tracker system can give the F1 cars a performance boost, but they are also increasingly useful for spectators who are trying to keep track of all of the happenings during a race. As the sport is heavily reliant on pit stops, and the speed of these often decided who the overall winner is, spectators can use the technology to gain an overview of the whole race, and see how the pit stops affect the overall standings. Broadcasters use the vehicle tracker technology to provide live, real time placing information for viewers. This is an important feature as, otherwise, viewers would only be able to focus on the racers who the broadcasters decide to showcase. Introducing a vehicle tracker system to the sport has heightened the excitement for many off of Formula One's fans, and ensured that the sport continues to innovate.


European Murder Rates Compared to the United States: Demographics vs Guns
By Dean Weingarten
Gun Crime
European Murder Rates Compared to the United States: Demographics vs Guns
Dean Weingarten
Dean Weingarten
Arizona – -( This has been one of my most popular articles. I wrote it a year ago and published it on the 3 January, 2013 and it is good to take alook again one year later.
It shows the fallacies of comparing murder rates in the United States to Europe.
Link: Homicide Rates Before Guns?
Yale Study Shows Culture the biggest factor in Homicide (2013)
Dean Weingarten
Link to Gun Watch
About Dean Weingarten;
 - 7 thoughts on "European Murder Rates Compared to the United States: Demographics vs Guns
 1. The argument is often phrased as "gun violence" instead of simply "violence." A country that has less gun ownership may have less "gun violence" and yet have more violence overall. The victim does not care if he is robbed at knife point instead of gun point.
 2. I'm ok with this analysis. You could go even deeper with it and attribute the violence to blacks that are of Southern heritage. The South and particularly upper class Southerners value and respect violence as a means to resolve issues. Many Latin cultures have similar cultural values to the old South. Mexico is a culture that values the man on the horse for example, and glorifies violent drug gangsters or guy like Zapata that go down fighting. What is the connection between upper class violent Southern whites and lower class blacks? Easy black slaves adopted the values and vices of their masters including a propensity for violence and other traits such as living in debt, gambling, etc.
 3. There is certain something missing in your report. Its the fact that blacks and Hispanics are much more likely to grow up in poverty than whites. That is a major contributing factor that you have left out of your analysis. As such your analysis does not tell the whole story. A study on Income levels and gun violence would tell a m ore comprehensive story than a simple demographics model. Also if you take a group of people and remove them from poverty, you will likely see in at least some cases that after a few generations their murder (Whether by gun violence or other means) and crime rates would drop significantly to a level similar to what is for nonhispanic whites. If we are to reduce crime in the future we need to address the contributing factors to crime and poverty is a big one.
 1. Excuses for 'criminal behavior' are like 'azzholes', everybody has one! Morality is always left out of the equation.
 4. You are a racist. Your article was reprinted word for word from American Renaissance, a known racist organization. I could not find the DOJ report you referenced. The link went nowhere. You are also a liar and you disgust me!
 1. Wow didn't take long for a liberal to throw the race card. Childish response when facts don't agree with their world view and distorted reality. link works for me. If you look at FBI and USDOJ crime statistics (requires math skills and thinking skills beyond reciting party lines) they show the massive difference in crime/murder rates between races.
 Leave a Reply


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Are lying and cheating instinctive or calculating?
To answer this question, Shaul Shalvi and his colleagues set up an experiment in which volunteers were told that they could earn ten shekels (about $2.50) for each pip of the numeral that they rolled on a die. The volunteers were asked to check the outcome of the roll, to roll the die twice more to satisfy themselves that it was not loaded, and then to report the outcome of the original roll on a computer terminal. Half the volunteers were given no time limit in which to do this, whereas the other half were given a time limit of just 20 seconds.
If the volunteers had been completely honest, the average reported roll would have been 3.5 or thereabouts. The volunteers with just 20 seconds in which to complete the task reported an average roll of 4.6, whereas the volunteers with an unlimited amount of time reported an average roll of just 3.9, an important and statistically significant difference.
Although both groups lied, the group with more time for reflection lied considerably less. This finding was confirmed by a second, similar experiment in which volunteers were asked to roll the die just once and then to report the outcome. Half the volunteers were given no time limit, whereas the other half were given a time limit of just 8 seconds. The volunteers with the 8 second time limit reported an average roll of 4.4, compared to 3.4 for the volunteers with an unlimited amount of time. Note that, in this case, the volunteers with an unlimited amount of time actually told the truth.
These findings strongly suggest that lying and cheating are more instinctive than calculating: if people are given plenty of time to think over a problem, they are far more likely to come up with an honest answer. Or as the philosopher Kierkegaard put it,
Far from idleness being the root of all evil, it is rather the only true good.
Shalvi S, Eldar O, & Bereby-Meyer Y (March 2012): Honesty requires time (and lack of justifications), Psychological Science.


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Elders - What Is a Pagan Elder?
Elders - What Is a Pagan Elder?
The title of Elder is earned, not claimed.
Image © Getty Images
Spend any time at all in the Pagan community, and you're bound to hear someone referred to as an Elder. Typically used as a term of respect and honor, Elder is a status that is generally given to someone, rather than claimed for oneself. It is considered bad form to announce that you are a Pagan Elder - let someone else grant you the designation, if you have indeed earned the status.
You may often find that someone who is a Pagan Elder is a little uncomfortable with the title - not because they haven't earned it, but because often they do their work for the community out of love, rather than because they're out collecting titles. They are individuals who have taught, shared, blazed new trails, spoken out for those who could not speak, and who have, in general, tried to make the world a better place.
Community Leaders
Sometimes, someone has been active in the Pagan community for so long that other people begin referring to them as an Elder. This is not necessarily indicative of age so much as it is a matter of time spent serving the community. Someone who is only forty, but has been active in planning and organization of public events since the age of fifteen has a good two and a half decades in as a Pagan community servant. It would not be unreasonable to refer to this person as an Elder, despite the fact that he or she is only forty.
In many traditions of modern Paganism, there is a lengthy training process involved before someone can be considered clergy. Whether this is a degree system, or a series of classes and continuing education, within each tradition there may be guidelines on what confers the status of clergy. After someone has attained the role of clergy, and spent time doing pastoral counseling or other leadership work, members of the tradition may consider the individual an Elder.
Other Role Models
It's entirely possible that someone can be considered a Pagan Elder who is not a community organizer or licensed clergy. Often, someone who has been involved in the Pagan community for a long time, and has shown that they have a significant amount of knowledge and wisdom to share, can be considered an Elder. People who are teachers, counselors, authors, and other leaders can all be designated as Elders, if others feel they have earned it.
Be sure to read Where are the Pagan Role Models?
How to Honor Our Elders
As the Pagan community grows, our Elders are - quite obviously - getting older. It's important that we, as a community, support those people in as many ways as we can. In addition to treating them with the respect they have earned, we can pay back their service to our community.
If you have a Pagan Elder who is attending your event or ritual, make sure they have everything they need - a comfortable chair, plenty to eat and drink, and assistance if they require it. If they're an Elder who's actually a senior citizen or who has medical issues or disabilities, offer help with things like transportation and housework when it's needed.
Most of all, show by your actions, not just your words, that you're thankful to these folks for taking the time to share their lives with the Pagan community.
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Hello everybody. For a purpose of consolidation of some result I am trying to set down, I need to construct an example to sustain the theory and I am looking for symplectic and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. So does someone can help me writing some non-trivial explicit examples of symplectic and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on compact surface? (at least examples for $S^2$ and $T^2$ ) NB : By surface I mean 2-dimensional manifold. Thanks a lot
share|improve this question
Sorry, what is a symplectic diffeomorphism on a manifold on which you haven't specified a symplectic structure? Do you mean a symplectic diffeomorphism of the cotangent bundle? – Qiaochu Yuan Jul 29 '11 at 15:45
The standard area forms on the torus and $S^2$ are symplectic structures. I assume those would be good for explicit examples. – Elizabeth S. Q. Goodman Jul 30 '11 at 8:24
In fact as long as you endow a symplectic structure, it doesn't matter which one it is because they are all isotopic up to a scaling. For example if you give two symplectic structures $\omega_i$, $i=0,1$ which represent the same cohomology class, which can always be done by scaling, then you just apply standard Moser's trick on $\omega_t=(1-t)\omega_0+t\omega_1$. You can see everything gets through because of the dimension reason. – Weiwei Jul 30 '11 at 17:36
Thanks all for your interest to my question. First of all, sorry for not being precise. So could use on $S^2$ $\sin\varphi d\theta\wedge d\varphi)$ in spherical coordinate or $d\theta\wedge d z$ in cylindrical coordinate. Feel free to consider the one that can be helpful. Besides, for $T^2$, $d\theta\wedge d\varphi$ where $\theta, \varphi \in S^1$ are general angular coordinates. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 15:43
3 Answers 3
On an orientable 2-manifold (such as $S^2$ or $T^2$), the symplectic 2-form $\omega$ can be given by the signed area. In this case, symplectic diffeomorphisms are just those which preserve area and orientation.
Now, let's set aside the difference between diffeomorphisms and flows of vector fields (which is a complicated enough issue by itself), and just focus on the difference between symplectic and Hamiltonian vector fields.
A vector field $X$ is Hamiltonian if $ i_X \omega = dH $ for some Hamiltonian function $H$ (where $i_X$ is the contraction by $X$ and $d$ is the exterior derivative). On the other hand, $X$ is symplectic if the Lie derivative $L_X \omega$ vanishes. Applying Cartan's "magic formula" $L_X \omega = di_X \omega + i_X d \omega = d i_X \omega$ (since $\omega$ is closed), this means that $X$ is symplectic when $d i_X \omega = 0$. In summary, $X$ is Hamiltonian when $i_X \omega$ is exact, and symplectic when $i_X \omega$ is closed. The difference between these is given by the 1st de Rham cohomology of the manifold in question.
So, as Weiwei said, "symplectic" and "Hamiltonian" are identical on $S^2$, since $S^2$ is simply connected. On the other hand, they're not the same on $T^2$, since the torus has nontrivial 1st cohomology. Putting coordinates $(\theta,\phi)$ on $T^2$, the vector fields $\partial/\partial \theta$ and $\partial/\partial \phi$ are both symplectic but not Hamiltonian.
share|improve this answer
The difference between hamiltonian diffeomorphism and symplectomorphism that is isotopic to the identity is quite small and describe by the flux homomorphism (The breakthrough by Banyaga). So any symplectic isotopy (path to identity in the group of symplectiomorphisms) with zero flux is ended by an Hamiltonian diffeo. Precisely speaking, the isotopy can be made homotopic to hamiltonian isotopy having the same ends. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 16:01
For $S^2$ all symplectic diffeomorphisms are hamiltonian, and the symplectomorphism group is homotopy equivalent to $SO(3)$. For other surfaces, I find the papers by Andrew Cotton-Clay helpful, for example _URL_ But of course, if you just want some hands-on non-trivial symplectomorphisms, I think Dehn twists would be interesting enough.
share|improve this answer
Sure. More than being homotopy equivalent it deformation retracts to $SO(3)$. One can find the proof in Mu-Tao's paper _URL_-005/2001-008-005-007.pdf. But the interst here is to handle an explicit diffeomorphism like one can write for example $f:\mathbb R\longrightarrow \mathbb R, x\mapsto \frac{x}{x^2+4}\sin(x)$ and whatever. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 15:52
Sorry about the confusion. The point I mentioned this homotopy equivalence is to demonstrate that there aren't any specifically interesting Hamiltonians on $S^2$, and all hamiltonian are connected to one another. So unless you have further restrictions, e.g. requiring the symplectomorphism fixing a couple points etc., rigid motions are basically what you need to consider. But maybe you have more specific goals in your mind. – Weiwei Aug 1 '11 at 18:51
Ari's answer is good because you can see how even flowing along a symplectic vector field is not enough, but you could add a nice touch to the picture. Because a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism is exact, a simple closed curve $\gamma$ on a torus is non-displaceable: i.e., under a Hamiltonian flow $\phi^t$ the image $\phi^t(\gamma)$ will intersect $\gamma$, because together the two curves will bound a region of zero signed area. (If you're curious, the concept for this comes from symplectic quasi-states and quasi-measures, which tell you when subsets can be displaced by Hamiltonian flows. I haven't learned much about them.)
On the other hand, again as mentioned, rotation along one of the two angles of the torus is a perfectly good symplectic action that can never be Hamiltonian because it displaces simple closed curves. (I was saddened to hear that because this action is not Hamiltonian, the torus is not a toric manifold.)
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Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
black-eyed Susan any of numerous related North American wildflowers with yellow or orange-yellow petals surrounding a dark center.
black flag see Jolly Roger.
Blackfoot a member of an Algonquian Indian tribe formerly resident in Montana, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. [2 definitions]
blackguard an unprincipled, dishonest person; scoundrel. [2 definitions]
black-hearted evil and malicious.
blacking a substance that is applied to an object to make it black.
blackjack a short club with a leather cover, heavy head, and flexible handle, used as a weapon. [6 definitions]
black light ultraviolet or infrared radiation that is invisible but indirectly detectable, as by fluorescence.
blacklist a list of persons or groups that are under suspicion, censure, or investigation, as by government, employers, or the like. [2 definitions]
black lung a lung disease, esp. of miners, that is caused by long-term exposure to coal dust.
blackly with malicious or angry looks or intentions. [2 definitions]
black magic magic accomplished with evil intent or by satanic means; sorcery; witchcraft.
blackmail payment forced by threats to reveal damaging information; extortion. [3 definitions]
black margate a grunt of the tropical western Atlantic.
black mark something unfavorable or detrimental in one's record.
black market the illegal purchase or sale of goods in violation of restrictions such as price controls or rationing, customs laws, or the like. [2 definitions]


text:
How do I send less pictures to Platerecognizer
If the goal of the setup is to send to Platerecognizer only the license plates that move in a selected area in the selected direction, right?
In this case the scheme that you have now might be improved in the following ways:
1. If you have the Cross-Line Detector module is after the ANPR – this is great if you need to save only episodes of where LPs are moving in the right direction. BUT all LPs are sent to Platerecognizer in this setup, and filtering by direction happens after we get the response.
If it's critical to filter our direction before sending LPs to Platerecognizer then we'd need to redo the scheme placing the Cross-Line Detector before ANPR. However, the Cross-Line doesn't work without a module that tells it about the object type (in the scheme where Cross-Line is placed after the ANPR this role is played by the ANPR) so we'd need an Object Recognizer module where you need to tick object type (car). OR instead of the 'Object Recognizer' module you could use 'Object Detector' module – it reacts to any objects, no matter their type – but we don't really need it in here.
In Cross-Line place the line with the direction going in which you want to "catch" cars.
2. If image crop is needed, you can use the Image Crop module, it is better placed after the camera in the chain.
3. Important ANPR should have these settings:
Recognize only changed areas: ticked
Detection Interval: higher than the default 50 ms (=0.05 of a second, default timeout). Try different values to find the best – to not miss anything (lower than 2000ms) and yet to not send too many pics to PR (higher than 50ms).
Please feel free to contact us if you need assistance regarding Xeoma!


Welcome to FLP Microfinishing GmbH - Your expert for precision grinding, lapping and polishing
CMP polishing
Chemical-mechanical planarization is a polishing method in the optical and semi-conductor industry (wafer machining) which is used to evenly remove thin layers. The basic principle functions predominantly with crystalline materials. By dissolving the surface using the chemical components of the slurry (suspension), it is possible to smooth the surface or to remove it using the mechanical components (abrasive) without causing new sub-surface damage in the process. CMP is among the key technologies which make the realisation of state-of-the-art microelectronic components and micro electromechanical system (MEMS) possible at all.


text:
Ben-Gurion University and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center are developing medical devices for pediatric patients.
A computer-based therapy relieves anxiety disorders in young patients without the need for drugs, according to an Israeli university study.
A new drug delivery system puts thousands of toxic pharmaceutical molecules inside a targeted missile which goes off only when it reaches cancerous tissue.
Sepsis, a blood infection, causes more than 200,000 deaths in US hospitals every year. A non-invasive monitoring device from Israel is changing that.
New cell research from Israel suggests the need for a radically different approach to chemotherapy.
Israel's BioView is pairing its imaging technology with fluorescent DNA markers to help doctors find this deadly cancer before it's too late.
URINFO, a new medical device from Israel inspired by agricultural technology, takes the guesswork out of diagnosing a kidney injury.
An Israeli team has made medical history with its ability to transform skin stem cells from heart-disease patients into healthy heart tissue.


Religious Education Director Interview Questions
1 Name a time where you developed or directed study courses or religious education programs within congregations. Share an example.
2 What is the most challenging part of collaborating with other ministry members to establish goals and objectives for religious education programs or to develop ways to encourage program participation?
3 Describe what method you use to select appropriate curricula or class structures for educational programs. What has worked so far?
4 Tell me about training and supervising religious education instructional staff? Describe an experience.
13 Provide an example when your ethics were tested.
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R&B on the National Stage
Rhythm and blues is identified internationally as a signature music of the United States, and in recent decades, several prestigious national awards have recognized rhythm and blues artists for their contributions to America's cultural heritage.
The National Medal of Arts, the highest honor given to artists by the United States government, has been awarded to artists Aretha Franklin, Quincy Jones, and William "Smokey" Robinson. The Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian award, recognizing exceptional meritorious service, has celebrated the contributions of Riley "B.B." King and Aretha Franklin. Since 1982, the National Endowment for the Arts National Heritage Fellowships, which are modeled after Japan's "National Living Treasures," has honored Charles Brown, Riley "B.B." King, Roebuck "Pops" Staples, and Mavis Staples. The Kennedy Center Honors, acknowledging a life dedicated to artistic and cultural endeavors, has paid tribute to Quincy Jones, Smokey Robinson, Diana Ross, and Stevie Wonder.
The Rhythm and Blues program is produced in partnership with the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.
click to enlarge and view captions


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Bethesda, MD—As you decide what to get dad for Father's Day, you might want to consider what he gave you when you were conceived. If he smoked, your genes are likely damaged, and your odds for cancers and other diseases throughout your life could be increased. A new research report appearing online in the FASEB Journal, scientists show for the first time in humans that men who smoke before conception can damage the genetic information of their offspring. These inherited changes in DNA could possibly render an offspring in the womb susceptible to later disease such as cancer. This provides evidence showing why men should be urged to stop smoking before trying to conceive in the same way women have been urged to quit. Interestingly, a fertile sperm cell takes about three months to fully develop; therefore men would ultimately need to quit smoking long before conception to avoid causing genetic problems.
"That smoking of fathers at the time around conception can lead to genetic changes in their children indicates that the deleterious effects of smoking can be transmitted through the father to the offspring," said Diana Anderson, Ph.D., a researcher involved in the work from the School of Life Sciences at the University of Bradford, in the United Kingdom. "These transmitted genetic changes may raise the risk of developing cancer in childhood, particularly leukemia and other genetic diseases. We hope that this knowledge will urge men to cease smoking before trying to conceive."
To make this discovery, Anderson and colleagues used DNA biomarkers to measure genetic changes in the paternal blood and semen around conception, as well as maternal and umbilical cord blood at delivery in families from two different European regions in central England and a Greek island. Information regarding the lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposures of these families was taken from validated questionnaires. The combined analysis of exposures and DNA biomarkers was used to evaluate the role of exposures before conception and during pregnancy in the causation of genetic changes in the offspring. These results have strong implications for the prevention of disease.
"This report shows that smoking is a germ cell mutagen. If dad uses cigarettes, his kids will be affected even before they are born," said Gerald Weissmann, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of the FASEB Journal. "As Father's Day approaches, family members may want to give dads and prospective dads the help they need to quit smoking for good."
Receive monthly highlights from the FASEB Journal by e-mail. Sign up at _URL_ The FASEB Journal is published by the Federation of the American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) and is the most cited biology journal worldwide according to the Institute for Scientific Information. In 2010, the journal was recognized by the Special Libraries Association as one of the top 100 most influential biomedical journals of the past century. FASEB is composed of 26 societies with more than 100,000 members, making it the largest coalition of biomedical research associations in the United States. Celebrating 100 Years of Advancing the Life Sciences in 2012, FASEB is rededicating its efforts to advance health and well-being by promoting progress and education in biological and biomedical sciences through service to our member societies and collaborative advocacy.
Details: Julian Laubenthal, Olga Zlobinskaya, Krzysztof Poterlowicz, Adolf Baumgartner, Michal R. Gdula, Eleni Fthenou, Maria Keramarou, Sarah J. Hepworth, Jos C. S. Kleinjans, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Gunnar Brunborg, Roger W. Godschalk, Thomas E. Schmid, and Diana Anderson. Cigarette smoke-induced transgenerational alterations in genome stability in cord blood of human F1 offspring. FASEB J. doi: 10.1096/fj.11-201194 ; _URL_
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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A Cry and a Demand: Tactical Urbanism and the Right to the City
Alisdairi, Lana K.
MetadataShow full item record
In many cities around the world a growing interest in small-scale urban design interventions is reshaping urban spaces. These actions (often called tactical urbanism) include: guerrilla and community gardening; 'creative space' movements to fill abandoned buildings for a range of purposes; housing and retail cooperatives; pop-up shops; social economies and bartering systems; occupying public spaces with alternative uses, skateboarding; and more. This thesis offers insights on emerging activist roles that designers and urbanists are assuming in an effort to achieve more direct control over urban space. This thesis considers these myriad practices through the context of French philosopher Henri Lefebvre's 'right to the city.' It asks the question: is there a shared politics of the city that serves as a sort of theoretical checklist for these practices? I argue that many of the efforts championed by tactical urbanism can be viewed as liminal additions of rights to the current, liberal-democratic city. However, many critical aspects of the movement give it the potential to move beyond a less radical interpretation of right to the city. This claim is illustrated through an analysis of general tactical urbanism goals and various do-it-yourself interventions taking place in Tacoma, WA.
- Urban planning


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ATHLETE climbs a hill near Meteor Crater, Arizona.
(Reprinted from JPL News. For the original article, click here)
NASA has announced which agency centers will take responsibility for specific work to enable astronauts to explore the moon. The new assignments cover elements of the lunar lander and lunar surface operations.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory will take the lead for specific robotic surface mobility efforts. An example is the All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (known as ATHLETE). JPL will also provide a broad range of support for lunar lander design.
NASA's Constellation Program is working to send astronauts to the moon, where a lunar outpost will be established to support long-term exploration of the moon and, eventually, Mars.


Colorado-based M-Cycle aims to upend the energy sector, starting with air conditioning
Colorado-based company M-Cycle asserts their technology can be used in several applications, upending various industries
As summers become more sweltering, homeowners are turning more and more to air conditioning to keep cool. But that cool air comes with a price. According to the Department of Energy, air conditioners use about 6 percent of all electricity produced in the United States, releasing about 117 million metric tons of carbon dioxide each year. Colorado-based M-Cycle is out to change this trend with a more efficient cooling system — and a principle that its founders say could revolutionize power production by producing energy from just air. The company relies on the Maisotsenko Cycle.


Random quote:
Let's Play Xenogears, Part 3
Generic cave dungeons. Where would the genre be without them?
Questions so far:
 - Who is the man Citan was speaking to, and who are the Gazel he mentioned?
 - How do Citan and Sigurd know one another?
 - Sigurd refers to Citan as "Hyuga." What is the significance of the name?
 - Who is Balthazar and what is his true motivation?
 - Why does Balthazar refer to Weltall as the "destroyer of god"?
 - What is the significance of Weltall's "Black Boxes"?
Various factoids and symbolism
 - The term "Gospel" is an account describing the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
 - The "Fate" the masked man mentions is similar to the end times as told in the Book of Revelation.
 - The name "Brigandier" is likely a combination of "brigand" (robber) and "brigadier", a military rank for the leader of a brigade.
 - Sigurd is the name of a hero from Norse mythology.
 - Balthazar is the name of one of the three Magi (wise men) who visited Jesus after his birth, along with Caspar and Melchior.
 - Bartholomew is the name of one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus.
 - Fatima is an Arabic word meaning "chaste" or "one who abstains from forbidden things".


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This study aims to respond to the British Council's interest in the learning and teaching of English at younger ages and in teacher education and training. It also intends to build on the findings of the recent ELTRA project, Global Practices in Teaching Young Learners (Garton, Copland & Burns, 2011) which revealed the challenges facing teachers of young learners and the local practices they employed. This study will examine the issues which arise when learners move up the educational system and how curriculum policy and teaching practice can bridge any potential gaps.
In many countries around the world English is now compulsory in primary education. However, curricula and practices that support children as they move from primary levels (Level 1) to secondary levels (Level 2) are often realised in an ad hoc way because there is little research to inform policy decisions. This study will take a first step towards addressing key factors in transition by looking at international policy and practices, in order to answer the following questions:
How do ELT curriculum/policy documents inform transition from primary to secondary levels?
What are the main teaching and learning issues that primary and secondary teachers perceive about transition?
What are ELT teachers' perceptions of their roles and responsibilities in relation to transition and what challenges do they face?
What similarities and differences in transition issues can be identified across different international contexts?
The answer to these questions will contribute towards answering two further questions:
What local solutions to transition issues have the potential for international relevance?
How can these solutions be used to inform teacher education and training for transition?
If you teach young learners at the transition levels, we are interested in your experience. Please tell us about your experiences by completing the following survey. This survey is completely confidential.
Transition in ELT Survey.
The results will be published to inform good practice in ELT teaching. If you wish to receive the results of the study, please indicate at the end of the survey.
If you complete the survey, you have the opportunity to win a book prize: Burns, A. & J.C. Richards (2012). Tips for teaching listening: A practical approach.
Professor Anne Burns
Dr Muna Morris-Adams
Dr Sue Garton
Dr Fiona Copland
Dr Juliane Schwarz


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Weird Insect Sex
Five bizarre mating rituals in the insect world.
African Bat Bug
When it comes to the African bat bug's sex life, bizarre doesn't even come close. Male bat bugs hate the "vagina" so to speak. Instead, like their close cousin the bed bug, they like to pierce the female's abdomen. The male then ejaculates into the female's bloodstream, where it migrates to the female's ovaries and fertilizes the eggs. The female hates the male's insensitive poking, and has learned to adapt to his intrusiveness. This has resulted in the female counter-adaptation in the form of paragenitalia, or rather, the female has a spongy area on her abdomen (much like a male's) that absorbs the male's sharp penis. But it gets weirder. Apparently males like to jab one another while attempting to copulate with females. Evolution kicked in and some males have adapted by growing protective shields like the females.
The male cricket has special, fleshy hind wings that the female loves to munch on during intercourse. Of course the munching actually leads to the female eating the wings completely off. Sometimes she'll eat all the way down to his back, creating deep wounds, where she'll then proceed to lap up his seeping fluids.
In the fruit fly, these kinky little guys are able to switch their sexes. Males can become females and females can become boys. When biotechnologists did research on fruit flies by genetically altering them, they noticed that the males spurned the advances of females and were attracted only to males. Females that were altered would engage in male mating rituals by vibrating their wings, licking other female flies' genitalia, and arch their backs in receptiveness to copulation. If a male tried to mate with a female, she'd rebuke his advances.
Bring on the sex wars. The genitals of male seed beetles are exceedingly spiny. When copulating with females, they will "anchor" themselves inside of the female acting as a chastity belt. The spikes can often times cause serious damage to the female in the process. Despite the pain of sex, some females are willing to engage in multiple matings. The female will feed on the male's copious amount of sperm, which can take up to 10% of his body weight. Since their diet is so dry, the male's ejaculate acts as a water source for the female. Females who primarily eat beans and lack a water source will mate with as many males as possible to satiate their thirst.
Orchid Dupe Wasp (Lissiopimpla Excelsa)Read more in Science
These guys will have sex with anything, literally. But it's not their fault. Orchids sometimes mess with male wasps by sending out female-mimicking scents that lure them into spreading pollen. The males become so aroused by the Australian orchid, that the frisky guys leave their sperm on the petals of the orchid. The orchid's deception allows for its own spreading of its seed. The males at first, when they are young, cannot distinguish between the orchid and a female wasp. And the female wasp could care less if the male is out loving the orchid. The females can asexually reproduce. Men. Who needs 'em?


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Definition of ebonize
v. t. - To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to ebonize wood.
The word "ebonize" uses 7 letters: B E E I N O Z.
No direct anagrams for ebonize found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after ebonize (in bold), or to beeinoz in any order:
d - ebonized s - ebonizes
Shorter words found within ebonize:
be bee been ben bene bi bin bine bio biz bize bizone bo bone bonze ebon en eon in ion ne neb nee nib no nob obe obi oe on one zee zein zin zineb zone
List shorter words within ebonize, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in ebonize, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with ebonize, words containing ebonize or words ending with ebonize
All words formed from ebonize by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: eb bo on ni iz ze
Browse words starting with ebonize by next letter
Previous word in list: ebonites
Next word in list: ebonized
Some random words: emyd


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Libralato Engine Overview
THE LIBRALATO ENGINE - Invented by Dr. Ruggero Libralato; a teacher of electrical engineering by trade, Dr. Libralato's keen interest in combustion engines from a young age led him to design a new combustion engine at the age of 27. Over 25 years, through various design iterations, the profound study of thermodynamics and theory of machines, Ruggero Libralato has invented a completely new design and a new thermodynamic cycle which deserves to rank alongside the names of Otto, Diesel and Wankel.
A proof of concept first prototype was built in 2005.
The Libralato rotary engine is a potential breakthrough technology – an eco-engine for the 21st century, with an asymmetrical geometry of expansion and compression volumes, which does not need to convert the linear motion of pistons into the rotary motion of the output shaft. The Libralato engine is predicted to demonstrate: a power phase in every revolution (giving it twice the power density of a reciprocating engine), exceptionally high mechanical and thermal efficiency, beyond Euro 6 standards of emissions, high and constant levels of torque, very low vibration, low exhaust gas noise and temperature with no need for valves, pistons, con-rods, crankshafts, cam shafts etc.
Comparison of Libralato engine with piston engine and Wankel engine
The proof of concept engine mechanism has been rotated at 3,000 rpm, demonstrating the dynamic balance of the engine and the integrity of its aspiration / expiration mechanism. It has not run as a hot engine yet since without the proper lubrication and cooling systems it would seize very quickly.
The engine design is exceptionally compact and robust, approximately half the size and weight of a conventional reciprocating engine. It is ideally suited to a wide range of applications 1kW - 200kW, particularly where space, weight, emissions, noise and vibration restrictions apply; constant speeds are required and the engine is able to operate in its peak efficiency zone.
Libralato engine schematic
Exploded View of Libralato Engine Principal Parts
The Libralato engine design is very different from the Wankel engine and avoids the problems of the Wankel engine by: large sealing surface areas of the rotors (equivalent in size to pistons), short flame paths acting against an acute angle working surface area, good thermal dispersion via fresh air scavenge phase and low bearing wear due to dynamic balance.
The Libralato engine has only four principal moving parts: two rotors fixed by their own bearings, connected by a sliding rod and a rotating exhaust. The rotors have different (overlapping) diameters of circumference and their motion forms and reforms three separate chambers within the engine each revolution.
The engine comprises a unique combination of two rotors, with different rotational diameters and separate centres, fixed by their own bearings and joined by a connecting piece that has a quasi-circular orbit. The motion of the rotors forms and reforms three distinct chambers within the engine each rotation, with asymmetrical expansion and compression volumes, two stage compression and low pressure scavenge. Induction air enters at the centre of the engine and compression/expansion occurs at the periphery producing uniform heat flow characteristics as air circulates around the two sides of the engine.
New Thermodynamic Cycle - The engine does not have a traditional Otto or Diesel cycle. There are two compression phases. The inlet phase is compressed at a low ratio and then controls the later scavenge of the residual exhaust gases. In the second compression phase, the air is compressed at a higher compression ratio where the fuel is added. It is this fuel/air mixture that ignites to form the expansion phase. This all provides for an extremely efficient handling of the gases, with a significant reduction of exhaust emissions and excellent fuel economy.
The main advantages of the engine can be summarized as:
- Mechanically simple design leading to 30% lower production and maintenance costs
- 100% better power to weight ratio than a reciprocating engine; due to compact shape
- 30% greater efficiency (relative) than conventional 4-stroke engine
- 5% greater mechanical efficiency (absolute) / low vibration due to rotary design
- 4% greater thermal efficiency (absolute) due to asymmetrical expansion and compression
- Exceeding Euro 6 emissions standards due to highly turbulent fuel-air mixing and complete scavenge of residual exhaust gases.
- Very quiet and lower temperature exhaust gases, due to low exhaust pressure
- Good sealing and thermal dispersion characteristics, avoids problems of Wankel engines
- Geometry easily adaptable for biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel)
- Ideally suited for HEVs and PHEVs - space and weight savings from engine allow all hybrid components to fit within existing engine cavities, with little/ no bodywork redesign
Libralato Engine stages


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Optical Mouse Cancer Warning Hoax
Email warns that radiation emitted by an optical computer mouse can cause cancer and damage hand tissue (Full commentary below
(Submitted July 2007)
Just in case, please be careful.
Subject: Optical mouse can cause cancer
The convinience of using optical mouse eventually coz dangerous side
effect. After Three years from the first launch by microsoft, have been
found thousand of cases - hands tissue coz by mouse radiation.
Optical Mouse works by release Electromagnetic high frequency to the lower
surface under it. This frequency much more higher than the frequency use
As it has been known that human hand and wrist contains lot of important
nerve connected to brain.
According to WHO, the radiation from Optical Mouse is 5 times stonger than
These radiation is even worse for those product with lower quality ( non
branded mouse ), since they use weaker shield to protect customer wrist.
WHO, GreenPeace, and CNN have stopped the usage of Optical mouse in their
Meanwhile Microsoft and IBM have allocate 2 billion of US Dollar, in joint
venture to make a safer pointing device.
Big Hardware Industries in China and Taiwan are trying to hide all fact
related to this things. While in the market, most of optical mouse sold
old were coming from their product.
To avoid this, try to reduce using mouse. learn how to use hot key ( i.e.
Ctrl-V, CTRL-C for paste and copy ) Use back your old model of mouse (
with the tracking ball).
According to this "warning" email, using an optical mouse can have dangerous side effects and cause cancer due to the amount of radiation produced by the devices. The message claims that there have been thousands of cases of hand tissue damage attributed to optical mouse radiation.
However, the claims in the message are fundamentally flawed. Optical mice do not emit radiation that could cause cancer or damage tissue. An optical mouse
has a tiny built-in camera that takes thousands of photographs per second. A red light emitting diode (LED) bounces light off the underlying surface to a sensor that analyzes the images and sends coordinates to the computer. The cursor is moved on the screen based on the coordinates received.
Thus, the core component of an optical mouse is a simple LED
. Nowadays, LEDs are ubiquitous and are used in dozens of electronic devices including indicator lights in household appliances, digital clocks, remote controls, traffic lights, brake lights, television backlighting, Christmas lights, watches and fiber optics. Many of us spend our lives virtually surrounded by these tiny lights. Yet, in spite of the fact that we are exposed to LEDs almost constantly, there is no reliable information whatsoever that suggests that LED "radiation" can cause cancer or tissue damage during normal use. In fact, scientists have discovered that LEDs may actually aid healing
and have other positive health effects.
Of course, LEDs can produce very bright light and ocular discomfort or damage could occur if we stared into the light for too long. Moreover, some reports indicate that blue LEDs like those on the front of many computer systems may have negative health effects, including eye strain, headaches and disturbed sleep. There is also a somewhat convoluted and unproven connection between blue light and cancer. A Texyt article
about blue LEDs notes:
Blue light at night reduces our bodies' melatonin levels, which can disturb sleep – this is generally accepted. What is far less certain [PDF] is a link between low levels of melatonin, a weakened immune system, and cancer.
That said, there is no suggestion that emissions from the blue LED itself can cause cancer. And the LED in an optical mouse is typically red, not blue.
Furthermore, I could find no believable news or consumer reports that claim that optical mouse use can cause cancer, and this is compelling evidence that the claims in the message are false. According to the message, there have been thousands of cases of hand damage caused by "mouse radiation". It is simply absurd to suggest that such serious and widespread health risks would have been totally ignored by the media, consumer groups, and governments. If there were really thousands of substantiated cases, there would certainly be official, and well-publicized, health warnings about the use of optical mice, not to mention the almost inevitable legal actions against the companies that manufacture them. In fact, if the potential health risks were really so great, the devices would have likely been withdrawn from sale completely.
And, for the record, there is no information on the World Health Organization (WHO) website about the strength or danger of optical mouse radiation, nor is there any reports that Greenpeace and CNN have stopped using the devices.
In short, this warning is no more than a ridiculous piece of scare-mongering nonsense. Forwarding it will help nobody and will serve only to spread misinformation.
How do optical mice work?
How Light Emitting Diodes Work
Light at the End of the Tunnel
Blue LEDs: A health hazard?
Does the LED light from an ordinary optical mouse pose a health hazard?
Last updated: 23rd July 2007
First published: 23rd July 2007
Write-up by Brett M. Christensen
Use Left Ear For Mobile Phone Hoax
Cold Water Causes Cancer Warning Message
Cell Phone Charging Danger Warning Email