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When typing < or > in LaTeX and compiling with pdflatex, the less than and greater than symbols appear at upside down exclamation points. I'm not in math mode.
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using it in a regression results table in a paper. – biased_estimator Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
_USER_: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3". – SabreWolfy Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
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4 Answers
up vote 79 down vote accepted
Geoffs tip with \textless and \textgreater will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
Or install the cm-super package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
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Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super? – doncherry Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
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Use \textless and \textgreater.
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unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or \(... \) along with the rest of the math expression. – barbara beeton Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
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May be using some other sane font encoding, something like \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
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+1 for your opinion in parentheses! – Lover of Structure Dec 26 '13 at 0:36
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What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object.
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That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad. – TH. Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'! – Avi Steiner Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
_USER_.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use. – strpeter Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
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Many first-time Joomla! users already have a website, often written using HTML with CSS style sheets. In this case, you may wish to keep the existing website structure and just convert it to Joomla!. This section provides instructions for doing this.
Converting Basic Static Content
Static content is content that doesn't change frequently. In simple HTML-based websites, each menu choice simply displays a page of content.
Page Content Conversion
The basic steps for converting this type of content are as follows:
- Using the Article Manager, add one article for each page of static content. Each article will contain the contents of one of your existing static pages. Give your articles descriptive names so you can find them again. Select No for Front Page, as shown below.
- If you have a relatively small number of pages (e.g., 20 or fewer), you can leave the Section and Category set to "Uncategorized". If you have a large number of static pages, you should create one or more Sections, each containing one or more Categories, and then assign each Article to a Section and Category. This will make it easier to work on articles from one group. For example, when viewing your articles, you can filter or sort articles using Sections and Categories, which is convenient when you have a large number of articles.
- For each article, you can often just copy and paste the content from your existing site (using your browser) into the edit area of Joomla!. Note: In some cases, depending on the amount of custom HTML in the source page, you may need to copy the page to a plain text editor first (such as Notepad) and then copy from there into Joomla!. By content this means the actual page as shown in the browser window not the View Source code.
- At this point, you have the articles created in Joomla!. Now we need to attach them to menus.
- Determine the menu structure you need. If your existing site just has a single main menu, you will just use the Joomla! "mainmenu" module. If your existing site has a two-level menu structure, you will use "mainmenu" for the top level and then add one new menu for each existing submenu. Add the submenus using the Menu Manager / New option.
- Using the Menu Manager, press the Menu Items icon and New to add one Menu Item for each article created above.
- Each Menu Item should have the type "Article Layout", as shown below.
- Note: Even if you installed Joomla! with no sample data, you will already have a Main Menu with a Home menu item that has a Front Page type. Depending on whether you want a Front Page, you may either keep this and add new menu items or change this menu item to an Article Layout.
- Enter the Title for the Menu Item. The title can be the same as the article title, so you know which article goes with which menu item.
- In the Parameters - Basic section, select the article for this menu item.
- Add a Menu Item for each article you created earlier. If needed, add one or more submenus and then add Menu Items for these in the same manner.
- At this point, each article should be associated with one menu choice. Now we need to tell Joomla! on which pages and which location on the page to put each menu.
- First, go to the Extensions / Modules selection. Even if you started with no sample data, you will already have a Main Menu module. Open this for editing to display the Module:[Edit] form, shown below.
- The Position tells Joomla! where on each page to display the menu module. This may vary depending on the template you are using. Typical menu locations include "top",. "left", and "user3". A trick in Joomla! for seeing the available positions is to add the letters "?tp=1" to the end of a Joomla! URL. For example, if you are working on a localhost site called "joomla15", typing in the URL "//localhost/joomla15/?tp=1" will display a screen showing the positions for your current template, similar to the one below.
- The Menu Assignment area is where you tell Joomla! which menu choices will display the current menu. Typically, your main menu will display in all menu selections. If you have submenus, each submenu would typically display in the one main menu item that calls this submenu and in all of this submenu's items. An example is shown below, where the People Menu displays on the "people" selection of the main menu and on all of the selections of the People Menu.
- Next, select the Menu Name for this module from the pull-down list. This will be the name of the Menu in the Menu Manager.
- Next, select the Menu Style. The available styles will vary depending on the template you use. The default template has four available styles. Some menu styles display the menu items in a vertical list (e.g., suitable for the left position), others in a horizontal list. (e.g., suitable for the top or "user3" position).
- If you like, press the Preview link in the upper right corner to display the home page so far. The article you chose for the first item on your main menu should display, along with the main menu, something like the example below.
- If you have submenus, repeat this process for each submenu, checking as you go by previewing the website.
- Congratulations! At this point, your static content should be available. Now, you can think about adding new modules, adding a front page, or taking advantage of other Joomla! functionality.
Converting existing graphics from a static website can be very easy or somewhat difficult, depending on several factors. These include:
- how closely your existing layout is to one of the available Joomla! templates.
- how exactly you want the Joomla! site to resemble the existing site.
If you have some knowledge of HTML and CSS, you can adjust a lot in the template by looking at the template.css file in the templates directory for the template you are using. You set the template in Joomla! from the Extensions / Template Manager option. Two templates are included with Joomla! 1.5 and many others are available, either for free or for a charge. See Learn the Basics of Joomla! Templating for more information on modifying templates.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


, you can wrap a block device in a read-only layer, ensuring that user of the block device does not modify the storage.
 - ProfilingBlockDevice - With the profiling block device, you can profile the quantity of erase, program and read operations that are incurred on a block device.
 - ObservingBlockDevice - The observing block device grants the user the ability to register a callback on block device operations. You can use this to inspect the state of the block device, log different metrics or perform some other operation.
 - ExhaustibleBlockDevice - Useful for evaluating how file systems respond to wear, the exhaustible block device simulates wear on another form of storage. You can configure it to expire blocks as necessary.
 - FlashSimBlockDevice - Simulate the behavior of a flash component if the underlying block device doesn't support such behavior.
 - BufferedBlockDevice - Provides a buffer for the read and program blocks on a block device which reduces the read and program sizes of the underlying block device to 1 B.
Important Information for this Arm website


text:
Measurement of Texture Part II
When using techniques sensitive to the anisotropic elastic properties
of the sheet, one cannot recover the full set of ODC's. For fundamental
reasons, the fact that elastic stiffness is described by a fourth
rank tensor implies that Wlmn can only determine when one is less than or equal to four. For cubic metals, the independent
members of this set are the ODC's, W400, W420, and W440. The technique
is designed to quantitatively measure these ODC's. Comparison
to independent X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements have shown a high degree of accuracy,
as illustrated in Figure 9 (Thompson, Smith, Lee and Johnson,
Met. Trans. 20A 1989).
Despite their small number, the ODC's accessible
by ultrasonic measurement play a major role in formability theory
because of a strong correlation that exists between anisotropic
elastic and plastic properties. As noted by Davies, Goodwill,
and Kallend (Met. Trans. 3, _PHONE_, 1972), "the coefficient,
W400, sets the overall value of average strain ratio J, W420 controls
the tendency to form two ears during deep drawing while W440 controls
the tendency to form four ears."
Figure 10 plots the polar Z(O) and azimuthal Re(e-lv) variations
of these terms. W420 and W440 determine the weights of CODF components
having twofold and fourfold variations, respectively, in the plane
of the sheet. Theory, as shown in the azimuthal
plots, provide information on planar anisotropy and correlate with
a corresponding degree of earing. However, W400 controls the weight
of a CODF component which is independent of orientation in the
plane of the plate but varies with polar angle with respect to
the plate normal. Hence, it is a measure of normal anisotropy.
The following applet may be used to calculate ODC's
W400, W420, and W400 from Lamb wave velocities propagating at
0°, 45° and 90° with respect to the rolling direction.
First choose the material. This assigns the correct elastic constants
c11, c12, c44, and density for
the cubic material being investigated. Next enter the "measured"
Lamb wave velocities.
These correlations between elastic and plastic anisotropy
have received extensive experimental study in the steel sheet
industry. Experimental results (Stickles and Mould, Met. Trans.
1, _PHONE_, 1970; Mould and Johnson, Sheet Metal Ind. 50, 328-348,
1973) have demonstrated the correlation of the average Young's
E-bar = [E(0°)+2E(45°)+E(90°)]/4
and its anisotropy
delta-E = [E(0°)-2E(45°)+E(90°)]/2
with the corresponding plastic anisotropy parameters,
r-bar and delta-r as defined in earlier equations. Here E(theta)
is defined as Young's modulus of a coupon cut at an angle theta
with respect to rolling direction. These successful laboratory
studies led to a commercial instrument presently used extensively
in the steel industry (Modul-r®, Tinious Olsen, Willow Grove,
These ultrasonic techniques rest on the same physical principles.
However, instead of requiring samples be cut from the sheet, anisotropic
elasticity information is inferred from ultrasonic wave speed
measurements. From this data, one can directly infer ODC's, as
has already been illustrated in Figure 9. Alternatively, one can
estimate the anisotropic value of Young's modulus, and hence E-bar
and delta-E. This allows existing, well-known correlations to
be used to predict r-bar and delta-r for a steel sheet. Finally,
one can use the tool to gather raw data that will lead to other
correlations between ultrasonic measurements and formability parameters.
In summary, there is a quantitative correlation between the directionality
of properties of a rolled metal sheet, such as the plastic strain
ratio or elastic modulus, and the underlying texture. Figure 11
is an attempt to visualize this correlation. Just as the elastic
and plastic properties of a sheet metal vary with direction (demonstrated
by variation in Young's modulus, E, and plastic strain ratio, r),
the distribution of grain orientations have their own angular
Ultrasonics can characterize texture nondestructively
and rapidly. Unlike the conventional X-ray techniques which have
limited surface penetration, velocity measurements can assess
the bulk texture using ultrasonic waves, Figure 12. This characterization
capability, tempered with more quantitative analysis of the relation
between texture and drawability, can be of great advantage to
the enhancement of forming operations.
Figure 13 is a flow chart demonstrating the ultrasonic
measurement technique as compared with tensile tests and Modul-r.
The velocities of the ultrasonic waves are measured along the
axes of expected maximum and minimum ductility (0, 45, and 90
degrees with respect to the rolling direction). Once corrected
for effects of dispersion and coating, they are used to calculate
the average Young's moduli in these directions. Calculated moduli
will then be used to find the normal and planar anisotropy. This
is done by using existing correlations. It can also be used as
a tool to develop data necessary to define new correlations in

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Rabia Basri
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Small drawing of Rābiʻa
Rābia al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya (Arabic: رابعة العدوية القيسية; 717 – 801 AD) was a female Muslim saint and Sufi mystic. She was born in Basra, and is therefore also called Rābia al-Basrī (Arabic: رابعة البصري).
She was the fourth daughter of her family and therefore named Rābi'a, meaning "fourth". Her family was very poor. She was very devoted to God. When Rābia's father died, she became an orphan. She was captured by thieves and sold into slavery. During the day, she worked for her master. During the night, she prayed to God. Once her master learned about her passionate faith, he immediately released her. He decided to serve her instead.
Rābia became an ascetic. Over time, many came to follow her. Even though Rābia did many favors for them and lived in poverty and hardship, she never asked for anything, even from God.
The name Rābia is used to describe women of the highest type of spirituality. She is considered one of the most devoted Sufi saints. She is highly revered.[1]
Notes[change | change source]
 1. The names al-Adawiyya and al-Qaysiyya come from the name of her tribe, Qais b. 'Adi.Hassan, Riffat. "Rabi'a." Encyclopedia of Women and World Religion. Ed. Serinity Young. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1999. World History In Context. Web. 4 Dec. 2013.


(Shutterstock) (Shutterstock)
In this Contemporary Jewish Issues webinar, Rabbi Ari Enkin discusses the concept of names in Judaism.
Some of the topics covered in this webinar include:
-Does one's name have an affect on one's personality?
-Why are boys only named at their Bris and not before?
-Can parents name a child after someone who died young?
-What is the Jewish view on nicknames?
…and much, much more!


Criticism And Realism In The Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant
1107 Words5 Pages
Originating in France, 'The Necklace' is a short story written by French writer Guy de Maupassant in the late nineteenth century, the period where literary movements realism and naturalism dominated French fiction. Maupassant played an important role in both the realist movement and the naturalist movement through his depiction of the setting as well as the character's decision. The short story reflects upon the rigid patriarchal society during the late nineteenth century, demonstrating how the wealth of a person can lead to their generosity and greed; thus affecting their lifestyles. Through 'The Necklace', Maupassant aims to depict the conflicts between the upper-class and the lower class, how their inner desires vary. This essay will analyze 'The Necklace' and how Maupassant uses the social context, characters and literary devices in the short story to illustrate his misogynistic viewpoints towards women.
The protagonist of 'The Necklace', Madame Loisel, live a rather steady, ordinary middle-class life in the beginning of the story. However, she views that she is intended for a luxurious life, and, therefore, does not cherish what she has. She takes a step forward to her desires, as she was invited to a ball where all the upper-class woman would be, yet she was unhappy with the fact that she does not even have a stone to put on. With her greed for attention, she asks one of her upper-class friends, Madame Forestier, for a necklace that she could borrow for the ball.
Open Document


text:
Australian Bush Birds
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Index of Common Names and Scientific Names
The index lists scientific and widely used common names of birds in alphabetical order.
Clicking on an index entry containing both common name and scientific name opens the description for that species.
Clicking on an index entry containing only the common name for a group of bird (e.g. "Tern") opens the identification thumbsheet for that group of birds.


text: The judicial system constantly interprets the workers' compensation laws and rules, providing definitive guidance on factual scenarios that occur in the day-to-day handling of workers' compensation cases. New case law summaries provided in this section of the firm's website cross-reference summaries in the Florida Workers' Compensation Reference Manual. In addition, the firm provides a summary of past workers' compensation cases beginning in 1972 with summaries of Industrial Relations Commission decisions, Supreme Court decisions, and the decisions from the Florida First District Court of Appeal. The summaries are provided by subject matter content frequently updated by new decisions from the Courts. Summaries of these decisions are also cross-referenced in the Florida Workers' Compensation Desk Manual developed by the firm as a general treatise on Florida workers' compensation law.


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1 Answer | Add Yours
Clarice Lispector is noted for her exploration of identity and gender issues. Marta Peixoto wrote in Passionate Fictions (University of Minnesota Press, 1994) that Lispector emphasized (1) the clash of identities that are private with identities that are public and (2) the representation of central female characters as passive victims of power, which is represented as a male dominated gender function.
While Lispector may not have been given the designation of "a feminist writer" by critics, and while she is described as focusing on power, identity, and gender, her corpus of work examines women under the microscope of power conflicts embedded within gender conflicts and assumptions that lead to and result in identity conflicts.
We've answered 315,609 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question


View Full Version : Help decipher this tutorial
Edalgo Alvarez
01-18-2005, 06:22 PM
Hey guys, I've decided to start modelling Earth using this tutorial: _URL_ but I've noticed that some things seem to be different than my Lightwave 8.
For example: Step 1 says make the diameter 176.2Km, so would I make the x, y, and z axis 176.2Km?
Second, in step 3 with the size tool. It wants me to increase the diameter by entering 100.2%. Now I did this in the "factor" box, but didnt notice any change at all. Is it because this is supposed to be on a different layer whenever I change surfaces and what not, or am I supposed to put 102% in the x, y, and z axis again? Or maybe I won't notice any change.
Also a question about layers and surfaces. If I change the size of the sphere and add a layer to it, since its the same sphere, arent I just saving over the initial surfaces I've given it?
Thanks for the help guys.
01-18-2005, 06:32 PM
Question1: radius is half the length of diameter. In Ball Numeric, radius X, Y and Z would be 88.1 km
Question2: Did you read the part that follows? The part that says "click 'apply'"?
Question3: huh? Please rephrase your question.
CGTalk Moderation
01-20-2006, 11:00 AM


text:
Name: Sharon LeskieSubjects / Classes Taught: SpanishDegree(s): MA Spanish Linguistics, Arizona State UniversityEmail: _EMAIL_
¡¡Bienvendios a Bioscience High School!! Welcome to Bioscience High School! It is my pleasure this year to be part of the Freshman team. I am also the advisor of the Spanish National Honor Society aka la Sociedad honoraria hispana, el capítulo Ellen Ochoa. También soy asesora del club de la Sociedad honoraria hispánica
According to the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL), there are 5 goals that each language learner should work to achieve: Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons and Communities. Our goal is to continually incorporate learning opportunities that incorporate these 5C's.
As a language learner, I encourage all students to find opportunities around them to engage themselves in language, in the classroom and outside of the classroom. Here in Phoenix, there are so many opportunities for students to engage themselves in Spanish culture and language with Spanish speaking radio stations, television stations, newspapers, restaurants, stores, people, etc.


text:
In todays world there are many users who uses MAC OS. Mac is a Operating System that is used in Apple Macbooks. Many people don't know how to use MAC but they want to keep macbook in such a case they need to divide the Macbook in two parts, in one part they want MAC OS and in the other part they want Windows Operating System. In such a case MAC provides an in-built application
called BootCamp which helps user to divide the system in two Operating System.
Now, to install windows besides MAC we need to follow the steps given below:
- Open BootCamp From the Spotlight Search(Command+Space).
- Now choose which OS you want to install besides MAC(In our case its Windows) and then click Next button.
- Choose how much hardisk space would you like to give to Windows OS (Mac will need atleast half of the hardisk space).
- Now choose the ISO file from which you want to install windows or you can use bootable USB too and then click Next button.
- Now a screen will appear in which it would write "Downloading Windows Support Software" let it be downloaded.
- Once it's downloaded Click the Install button.
- After that the MAC os would get shutted down and the windows installation screen would appear.
- Just start clicking next don't get hesitated when it shows the hardisk partition option because it would only show the space which you have provide to the windows earlier.
- After that windows will start getting installed.
- After the windows is installed. The windows would be set as the default OS to load at the startup.
- To load MAC OS hold the Option key till the selection window dosen't appear.
- After the selection window gets opened click on Macintosh HD to load Mac OS.
Now, you can enjoy the working of windows as well as the working of MAC. In the same system, the MAC OS can access the files of the Windows OS but when you are in the Windows OS you can't access the files of MAC OS.


text:
Definitions of quote:
- noun: a passage or expression that is quoted or cited
- noun: a punctuation mark used to attribute the enclosed text to someone else
- verb: put quote marks around
- verb: repeat a passage from
Example: "He quoted the Bible to her"
- verb: refer to for illustration or proof
Example: "He said he could quote several instances of this behavior"
- verb: name the price of
Example: "Quote prices for cars"
Search for quote at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


October, 2009
False Alarms, Tornado Warnings, and Tornado Casualties
read more
Find the article at the American Meteorological Society.
This paper extends prior research on the societal value of tornado warnings to the impact of false alarms. Intuition and theory suggest that false alarms will reduce the response to warnings, yet little evidence of a "false alarm effect" has been unearthed. This paper exploits differences in the false-alarm ratio across the United States to test for a false-alarm effect in a regression model of tornado casualties from 1986 to 2004. A statistically significant and large false-alarm effect is found: tornadoes that occur in an area with a higher false-alarm ratio kill and injure more people, everything else being constant. The effect is consistent across false-alarm ratios defined over different geographies and time intervals. A one-standard-deviation increase in the false-alarm ratio increases expected fatalities by between 12% and 29% and increases expected injuries by between 14% and 32%. The reduction in the national tornado false-alarm ratio over the period reduced fatalities by 4%–11% and injuries by 4%–13%. The casualty effects of false alarms and warning lead times are approximately equal in magnitude, suggesting that the National Weather Service could not reduce casualties by trading off a higher probability of detection for a higher false-alarm ratio, or vice versa.


text:
Perinatal Hepatitis B Information for Local Public Health
Information for local public health on perinatal hepatitis B.
Perinatal Hepatitis B
In order to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B, all HBsAg-positive pregnant women and all infants born to HBsAg-positive women should be reported to MDH.
- Hepatitis B
Perinatal Reporting and HIPAA
Hepatitis B Prevention Program
The Minnesota Department of Health's Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program identifies and treats infants born to hepatitis B infected mothers to prevent perinatally acquired infection.
- Hepatitis B
General information on hepatitis B, vaccination, and statistics.
- The Role of Local Public Health in Preventing Perinatal Hepatitis B (PDF: 147KB/2 pages)
List of action steps for local public health to prevent perinatal hepatitis B.
- The Role of Prenatal Care Providers in Preventing Perinatal Hepatitis B (PDF: 133KB/2 pages)
List of action steps for prenatal care providers to prevent perinatal hepatitis B.
- The Role of Pediatric Primary Care Providers in Preventing Perinatal Hepatitis B (PDF: 127KB/2 pages)
List of action steps for pediatric primary care providers to prevent perinatal hepatitis B.
- Perinatal Hepatitis B Exposure Notification Letter (Word: 28KB/1 page)
Modifiable template letter for local public health to inform health care providers of infants in their care that have been exposed to hepatitis B during birth. To be used with the Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post-Vaccination Serology Results and Preterm Infant Hepatitis B Vaccination and Serology Schedule.
- Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post-Vaccination Serology Results (Word: 53KB/1 page)
Form for pediatric providers to complete and return to local public health to confirm hepatitis B immunity in exposed infants.
- Pediatric Hepatitis B Second Vaccination Series and Serology Letter (Word: 41KB/1 page)
Template letter for local public health to customize and send to health care providers.
- Premature Case Closure Letter (Word: 25KB/1 page)
Template letter for local public health to send to physicians when a mother is lost to follow-up and the infant has not completed the vaccine series and/or post-vaccination serology.
- Unable to Contact Letter (Word: 27KB/1 pages)
Template letter for local public health to send to mother's with HBV that they are unable to contact by phone.
- Transfer of Perinatal Hepatitis B Client to New County (Word: 73KB/1 page)
Sample of a form with the necessary information local public health would need when a hepatitis B client moves to a new county.
- Perinatal Hepatitis B Household Contact Follow-Up Report (PDF: 29KB/1 page)
Report form for household contacts of perinatal hepatitis B cases.
- Pediatric Hepatitis B Vaccination Schedule and PVS Guidance (PDF: 53KB/1 page)
Clinical guidelines for pediatric hepatitis B vaccination, post-vaccination serology (PVS), and follow-up.
- Preterm Infant Hepatitis B Vaccination and Serology Schedule (PDF: 43KB/1 page)
Clinical guidelines for vaccination and serology of preterm infants weighing less than 2000 grams.
- Hepatitis B Vaccine
Information Statement (VIS)
CDC's Vaccine Information Statement available in English and other languages from the Immunization Action Coalition. Attention: Non-MDH link
- Perinatal Hepatitis B Materials -
Order Form (PDF: 100KB/2 pages)
Order print materials on perinatal hepatitis B for patients and providers
- Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention
A pocket guide to assist healthcare providers with recommended strategies to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B including the vaccine schedule for infants born to HBsAg positive mothers.
- Stop Hepatitis B Posters
Poster for hospitals and clinics.
- Minnesota Refugee Health
Provider Guide: Hepatitis B
A resource to assist providers in screening for hepatitis B on the Minnesota Initial Refugee Health Assessment.
- Directories for Organizations Serving Refugees
Resource directories for individuals working with diverse groups in Minnesota.


text:
Last Updated on August 3, 2021 by Admin 2
Which of the following primary elements of a tenant defines the MAC address space?
- a contract
- a filter
- a bridge domain
- an EPG
A bridge domain is the primary element of a tenant that defines the Media Access Control (MAC) address space. Bridge domains are logical Layer 2 forwarding configurations within a Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) fabric that use switched virtual interfaces (SVIs) for gateways and can be configured to span multiple physical devices. In this respect, bridge domains are similar to virtual local area networks (VLANs). However, the purpose of a bridge domain is to define the MAC address space and flood domain.
Tenants are containers that can be used to represent organizations, domains, or specific groupings of information. Typically, tenants are configured to ensure that different policy types are isolated from each other, similar to user groups or roles in a role-based access control (RBAC) environment.
An endpoint group (EPG) is a primary element of a tenant; however, an EPG does not define the MAC address space. EPGs are logical groupings of endpoints that provide the same application or components of an application. For example, a collection of Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) servers could be logically grouped into an EPG labeled WEB. EPGs are typically collected within application profiles. EPGs can communicate with other EPGs by using contracts.
A contract is a primary element of a tenant; however, a contract does not define the MAC address space. Contracts are policy objects that define how EPGs communicate with each other. There are three types of contracts that can be applied in an ACI fabric:
– Regular — applies filters to matching traffic and typically follows taboo contracts
– Taboo — denies and logs matching traffic
– Out-of-Band (OOB) – applies to OOB traffic from the management tenant
A filter is a primary element of a tenant; however, a filter does not define the MAC address space. Filters are low-level ACI objects that help define EPG contracts. Filters operate at Layer 2, Layer 3, and Layer 4 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking model.


text:
Lakefront Lighting Replacement
The City of Kenosha retained Clark Dietz for the investigation of the current condition and integrity of their promenade lighting along Kenosha's lakefront in Harbor Park and to provide Electrical Lighting Design Services. Clark Dietz was tasked to identify the most economical strategy to upgrade this lighting system along the lakefront pathway. The existing lighting limits are from 50th Street and 6th Avenue to 61st Street and 3rd Avenue and consisted of 130 poles along this route. The initial objective was to reuse the existing poles, bases & wiring and to just investigate refurbishing and re-lamping of the poles using current technology.
Lighting Condition Analysis
Clark Dietz provided a visual assessment of the existing pathway lighting conditions including lighting foundations, light poles and luminaires. Additionally, we interviewed City electrical staff to determine what issues they were aware of when repairs were made. With the help of City staff, we assessed the existing wiring and grounding connections, we traced out the electrical circuitry to each pole to determine which lighting cabinet the lights belonged to, and finally measured the loads that were present on each circuit as well as the overall loads on each cabinet. Based on our investigation, we were able to determine if foundations, light poles, and existing wiring could simply be reused. If possible, existing poles in good condition could be refurbished. Clark Dietz coordinated with blast shops on costs and timeline for refinishing and painting. If any poles were in need of replacement due to condition, new poles were required to match the existing style.
After the preliminary investigations and assessments, we determined that the existing infrastructure was in poor condition. The following was concluded:
- Concrete bases severely deteriorated with corroded reinforcing bars;
- Circuit wiring was direct buried and had many splices;
- Existing steel poles were corroded at the base and luminaire arms;
- Many decorative base plates were either missing or broken, and
- Voltage drop requirements were not met using existing wiring
This assessment concluded that reusing and/or refurbishing of the existing lighting system was not economical and a new lighting system should be pursued.
After careful assessment and determining a replacement fixture, Clark Dietz provided lighting design using AGi-32 to coincide with the existing pole base locations to determine what the most optimized photometrics could be for the existing light pole spacing. We analyzed and compared the proper illumination in accordance with IES Standards for urban roadways. The lighting design included:
- Contacting Diggers Hotline for underground survey locates.
- Analyzing existing photometrics using light meters in order to provide comparisons with the new fixtures.
- Providing plan sheets using mostly Aerial photography with supplemental survey.
- We designed the proposed lighting using similar fixtures that were currently in place.
- Showing lighting items and limits.
- Showing all connections for power either to an existing cabinet or a proposed cabinet (coordination with city of Kenosha).
- Providing detail sheets
- Surveying utilities and lakefront pathway.
- Providing voltage drop calculations using existing wire for entire limits of pole replacements or for new wire.
- Providing a staging plan to keep the pathway lit during construction. We coordinated work with the City on the viable options.
- Providing specifications for Bidding
- Providing bid tab of all lighting quantities


Home > JANUARY >
On This Day in Aviation History January 11 th
1759 - Birth of Vincenzo Lunardi, Italian balloonist pionneer.
1804 - Death of James Tytler, Scottish apothecary and editor of the second edition of Encyclopedia Britannica, 1st person in Britain to steer a hot air balloon.
1884 - Birth of Bernetta Adams Miller, American pioneering woman aviator who was the 5th licensed woman pilot in the USA.
1892 - Birth of Edward Rochfort Grange, Canadian WWI flying ace credited with 5 aerial victories. His postwar career included success as a businessman, and a return to aviation as a civilian inspector and auditor for the Royal Canadian Air Force during WWII
1893 - Birth of Georg Meyer, German WWI fighter ace.
1894 - Birth of Lawrence Kingsley Callahan, American WWI flying ace.
1895 - Birth of Johann Risztics, Austro Hugarian WWI flying ace, known with fellow pilots Fredrich Hefty and Ferdinand Udvardy as the Arany Triumviratus (Golden Triumvirate). He also was a Raid Aviator After WWI.
1895 - Birth of Laurens Hammond, American engineer and inventor (most famously, the Hammond organ, the Hammond Clock, and the world's 1st polyphonic musical synthesizer, the Novachord). In WWII he helped design guided missile controls and was awarded patents for infrared and light sensing devices for bomb guidance, glide bomb controls, a camera shutter and a new type of gyroscope.
1896 - Birth of William Samuel Stephenson, Canadian WWI fighter ace, businessman, inventor, spymaster, considered as the real-life inspirations for James Bond.
1900 - Birth of Enea Silvio Recagno, Italian raid Aviator.
1901 - Birth of Kwon Ki-ok, 1st Korean female aviator, as well as being the 1st female pilot in China.
1917 - WWI Royal Navy seaplane carrier HMS Ben-my-Chree is sunk by Turkish gun battery at anchor in a bay, off the island of Castellorizo, greece, only aviation ship of any nationality sunk by enemy action during WWI.
1918 - Death of Hans Kummetz, German WWI flying ace, Killed in action in Italy.
1919 - Death of Dante Nannini Sandoval, Guatemala WWI fighter pilot who served in the Italian Regia Aeronautica, he could have been the "1st American pilot" to join a regiment of aviators during WWI. At least, he was the 1st "American" on the Italian front
1922 - Birth of Neville Frederick Duke, British WWII fighter pilot, top Allied flying ace in the Mediterranean Theatre and test pilot.
1926 - Birth of Lev Stepanovich Dyomin, Soviet cosmonaut
1931 - 1st flight of The Abbott-Baynes Scud 1, British parasol-winged single seat glider intended to introduce pilots to soaring flight.
1932 - French Paul Codos and Henri Robida land the Breguet Bre 330 n°1 Bis in Hanoi after a 7 days 9hr and 50min trip from Paris
1933 - 1st flight of The Vickers Type 207, British single-engined two-seat biplane designed as a ship-born torpedo bomber prototype.
1934 - A flight of six US Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats arrives in Pearl harbour from San Francisco, setting a new distance record for formation flying, 2,400 miles (3,862 km), also setting a new speed record for this crossing of 24 hours 35 minutes.
1935 - Amelia Earhart takes off from Wheeler Field, Oahu, Honolulu, to fly her Lockheed Vega across the eastern Pacific to Oakland, California. Earhart will be the 1st woman pilot to fly solo between Hawaii and the USA.
1938 - Death of Edwin Charles Musick, Chief Pilot for Pan American World Airways and pioneer of many of Pan Am's transoceanic routes including the famous route across the Pacific Ocean on the China Clipper. Killed in the explosion of the Samoan Clipper, A Sikorsky S-42 flying boat, while dumping fuel before attempting an emergency landing.
1941 - 1st flight of The Polikarpov I-185, Soviet prototype fighter aircraft
1944 - James Howell 'Jim' Howard single-handedly flew his P-51B into some 30 Luftwaffe fighters that were attacking a formation of American B-17 Flying Fortress bombers of the 401st Bomb Group over Oschersleben, Germany for over Half an Hour, scoring 3/4 and damaging 1. Out of ammunition, he continued to dive on enemy airplanes.
1947 - BOAC Douglas C-47A crashed into a hill at Stowting, Kent, in southeast England whilst attempting to land at Lympne Airport, after the pilot attempted to divert to many french airports before flying back to UK due to poor weather and being short of fuel.
1947 - 1st flight of The McDonnell F2H Banshee, US single-seat carrier-based jet fighter aircraft
1948 - Death of Karl Menckhoff, German WWI fighter ace, one of the oldest pilots in the Imperial German Aviation Service.
1949 - 1st flight of the Sukhoi Su-15 (Aircraft P), Soviet twin-engined jet all-weather interceptor prototype.
1958 - 1st flight of the Boeing 707-320 Intercontinental, stretched version of the turbojet-powered 707-120 american jet Airliner.
1959 - Lufthansa Flight 502 Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation on approach to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport, crashed near Flecheiras Beach just short of the runway, killing 36 over 39
1960 - 1st fligth of the Merville SM 31, French glider
1962 - A B-52H Stratofortress lands at Torrejon Air Base, Spain. From Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan, it sets a new world distance record without refueling of 12,532.28 miles (10,895 nmi, 20,177 km).
1965 - 1st transitional flight by taking off vertically, changing to forward flight and finally landing vertically of the Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV) XC-142, American tiltwing experimental aircraft designed to investigate the operational suitability of vertical/short takeoff and landing transports.
1967 - Death of William Wendell Rogers, Canadian WWI flying ace.
1968 - Launch of GEOS 2 (GEOS-B), NASA Geodetic earth monitoring satellite.
1969 - Death of William Roy 'Sambo' Irwin, Canadian WWI fighter ace.
1972 - Death of Ettore Cattaneo, Italian dentist and aviation pioneer in the domains of gliding, aviation and rocket, nicknamed the flying dentist.
1978 - 1st flight of The Gulfstream American Hustler 400, American prototype mixed-power executive/utility aircraft designed by American Jet Industries (later Gulfstream American). The aircraft had a nose-mounted turbprop and with a tail-mounted turbofan.
1981 – Maxie Anderson and Don Ida launch from Luxor, Egypt, in the balloon 'Jules Verne' to begin the 1st serious attempt at a circumnavigation of the world by balloon.
1981 - Death of Hubert Cecil Hunt, British WWI flying ace.
1988 - Death of Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, USMC WWII fighter ace.
1989 - 1st flight of The AASI Jetcruzer 450, American 6 seat single turboprop light civil transport made by AASI with an unusual configuration, a single turboprop engine driving a pusher propeller, prominent canards, and fins mounted at the ends of its swept wings, noteworthy in being the 1st aircraft to have achieved a spin resistance certification from the United States FAA.
1992 - US FAA approves a helicopter rating for a pilot based solely on flight simulator performance for the 1st time.
1995 - Death of Johannes "Hannes" Trautloft, German fighter ace of Spanish war and WWII, High ranking officer and deputy postwar.
1995 - Intercontinental de Aviación Flight 256, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 14 crashed on approach near Maria La Baja, killing 51 over 52.
1996 – Launch of STS-72, Space Shuttle Endeavour mission to capture and return to Earth a Japanese microgravity research spacecraft known as Space Flyer Unit.
2004 - Launch of Estrela do Sul 1 (Southern Star 1), also known as Telstar 14, Brazilian commercial communications satellite.
2007 - In a test of an anti-satellite missile, China destroyes its weather satellite Feng-Yun FY-1C.
2011 - 1st flight of The Chengdu J-20, Chinese twin-engine fighter aircraft prototype, 5th generation stealth aircraft type.
2011 - Global Observer, American unmanned aircraft system has successfully completed its historic 1st flight powered by the aircraft's hydrogen-fueled propulsion system at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) in California
2013 - 1st full test flight of the Euro Hawk, European variant of the Surveillance unmanned aerial vehicle Northrop Grumman RQ-4B Global Hawk.


Soy: The Coming Bean
Soybean Plan (Source: Good Housekeeping, September, 1917)
According to a 2007 CNN story, "Soybeans, usually in the form of oil,  account for an astonishing 10 percent of our total calories in the United States." It was very different a hundred years ago when soybeans were a new crop in the U.S. Here's some excerpts from a 1917 magazine article promoting the use of soybeans. (Back then "soy" and "bean" were two separate words.)
Soy: The Coming Bean
The soy bean, also called the soja bean, is a native of south-eastern Asia, and has been extensively cultivated in Japan, China, and India since ancient times. The beans are there grown almost entirely for human food, being prepared for consumption in many different ways.
The soy is a coming bean if not the coming bean. It is on its way to arrival in the American kitchen and dining room.
The outstanding fact of importance to consumers of food in the United States today is that a nutritious, palatable, easily grown (and therefore eventually cheap) legume is being recommended by the food experts. Pressure of circumstances has revived interest in foods and combinations of food of which the majority were old and have been forgotten. The soy bean, however, is to practically all American cooks and to the large body of food manufacturers an entirely new product.
Good Housekeeping (September, 1017)
8 thoughts on "Soy: The Coming Bean
 1. Two nations divided by a common language again. In the UK we call them soya beans. I cook with soya bean curd, but I can't get excited about the beans, which seem pretty tasteless to me, compared with say kidney beans, haricot beans or chick peas
 2. Soybeans were a standard field crop when I was growing up in Iowa, but they had two primary purposes: feeding animals, and returning nitrogen to the soil. Fields planted in corn eventually would be planted in soybeans, and then corn again.
 I didn't eat a soybean until I moved to Texas, and discovered them, roasted and salted, in a small local shop. They made a terrific snack — much tastier than potato chips, and I suppose more nutritious, too.
 3. Soybeans can be tasty in a baked bean recipe with hot dogs,or in a veggie soup. I find canning them before use helps with the tenderness of the bean.
 4. I've always enjoyed miso soup, and have learned to cook the miso base a few different ways. When cooking vegetables in a pot, miso, garlic, and a little bacon fat are a great combination.
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text:
Fire Safety for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Double Your Chances of Surviving a Home Fire
Smoke alarms save countless lives every year. Most people who die in home fires are not in the room where the fire starts. Working smoke alarms alert people to fire and give them time to escape in a situation where minutes can mean the difference between surviving and not surviving.
However, there are 28 million deaf and hard of hearing Americans who are unable to rely on this life-saving warning sound to alert them of fire and people who are deaf or hard of hearing face a high risk for fire and fire-related injury.
One of the most significant advances designed to address the fire safety needs of the deaf and hard of hearing community is the audible smoke alarm. These specialized alarms are available to Montgomery County residents. The Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service and the United States Fire Administration (USFA) have teamed up to provide the following important information:
Why are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Persons at Risk?
- Decreased hearing may limit a person's ability to take quick action and escape during a fire emergency.
- Depending on physical limitations, many of the actions an individual can take to protect themselves from the dangers of fire may require help from caretaker, neighbor or outside source.
Install and Maintain Smoke Alarms
Deaf and hard of hearing persons cannot rely on the traditional audible smoke alarm, but can rely on visual alarms equipped with strobe lights.
- Please fill out the application provided or contact your local fire department for information about obtaining a flashing or vibrating smoke alarm.
- Install a flashing or vibrating smoke alarm on every level of your home. Test all smoke alarms monthly and change the batteries at least once a year. Your chances of surviving a home fire are far greater if you have the initial warning from a smoke alarm.
Don't Isolate Yourself
- Be sure to inform family members, the building manager, or a neighbor of your fire safety plan and practice it with them.
- The Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service can assist you! We offer free home evaluations, assistance developing an escape plan and help with smoke alarm placement and installation.
Plan Your Escape
- Practice escape plans every month.
- Practice escaping from every room in the home. The best plans have two ways to get out of each room.
- Make sure that windows are not stuck, screens can be taken out quickly and that security bars can be properly opened.
In Case of Fire
- When a fire occurs, do not waste any time saving property.
- If you must escape through smoke, remember to crawl low, under the smoke and keep your mouth covered.
- Never open doors that are hot to the touch.
- Designate a meeting place outside the building and take attendance.
- Once out, stay out! Remember to escape first, then notify the fire department using the 9-1-1 system or proper local emergency number in your area.


Reject Incoming Calls with a Phone Number Block List
The easiest way to reject incoming phone calls from specific phone numbers is to create a "virtual block list". The block list can then be used to filter incoming calls; automatically hanging up on any blocked numbers, and forward other callers as normal. This guide walks you through the process of setting up a virtual block list with sample code for Twilio Functions.
Block list sample code
Here's our phone number block list sample code:
exports.handler = function(context, event, callback) {
 // List all blocked phone numbers in quotes and E.164 formatting, separated by a comma
 let numberBlock = event.block || [ "_PHONE_", "_PHONE_" ];
 let twiml = new Twilio.twiml.VoiceResponse();
 let blocked = true;
 if (numberBlock.length > 0) {
if (numberBlock.indexOf(event.From) === -1) {
blocked = false;
} if (blocked) {
else { // if the caller's number is not blocked, redirect to your existing webhook twiml.redirect(""); }
callback(null, twiml);
When your Twilio phone number responds to incoming calls with this Functions script, the code looks at the phone number detected in our incoming call request, and compares it to the list of blocked numbers in Line 3. If the incoming call is from a blocked phone number, the call is rejected. If the incoming call is not from a blocked phone number, the script redirects to another URL for TwiML.
Here's what you'll need to modify:
Line 3: Update [ "_PHONE_", "_PHONE_" ] with the phone numbers you want to block calls from (in E.164 formatting).
Create a block list Function
 1. Access the Manage Functions page in Console.
 3. Select the Blank template, and then click Create
 4. Edit the Function's Properties fields:
 5. Edit the Function's Configuration fields:
 - CODE: Copy and paste your modified code (see the Block list sample code section above).
 6. Once your Function's fields are correct, click Save
Set your phone number to use your block list function
 1. Access the Active Numbers page in Console.
 2. Click the desired phone number to modify.
 3. Update your phone number's routing:
 - ACCEPT INCOMING: Voice Calls
 - A CALL COMES IN: Function
 - DROP-DOWN MENU: Select your block list function.
 4. Click Save when finished.
Have more questions? Submit a request
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Instructions (adapted from The GCHQ Puzzle Book (2016) and the introductory puzzle here on Puzzling Stack Exchange): The words in the following list can be partitioned into equal-sized sets depending on words associated with them; each set has its own word association method. This list is arranged so that these associated words are in alphabetical order. One of these sets is missing a member, so you have to work out where in the list the associated word fits alphabetically, and hence where the word itself should appear in the list. The list should be read from left to right and top to bottom and is only written in columns for convenience. (See the introductory puzzle for a more detailed explanation and an example.)
The question to answer is:
Where does 'Pawn' fit in the following list?
Crucially this time, every set relates to video games in some way.
Please hold off posting partial answers unless you think you have found at least half of the correct word associations (although if you make it that far, why not push to complete the whole puzzle!). Thank you, and enjoy!
A note about this particular puzzle:
Some associations in this puzzle are a little trickier than others I've used in the past; one in particular is pretty involved, but hopefully it is apparent why I decided to use it! 😅
There are four remaining categories: two of them involve well-known game franchises, while the other two involve less well-known (but still popular) individual video games.
Out of these four remaining categories, two of them involve wordplay (including the "pretty involved" one I alluded too).


"Changing the English language one word at a time."
Definition of cranial flatulation :.
(krā'nē-əl flăch'yə'lā'shən)
 1. 1. (n.) Condition of the brain to cease functioning mid-sentence, frequently occurring during important meetings where one must impress others, leaving the user of said brain with a blank stare.
 Notes: Also: brain fart, brain cloud, brain cramp
 Submitted by: Anonymous, Topics: Behavior & Lifestyle, Health & Medicine


text:
It took 27 years, but finally, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft beat Voyager 1's record for being farthest from Earth while capturing images. Taken on December 5, 2017, New Horizons image of the open star cluster NGC 3532 (also commonly known as the Football Cluster or the Wishing Well Cluster) became the farthest image ever made by any spacecraft, breaking a 27-year record set by Voyager 1. But for a very short time! About 2 hours later, New Horizons broke its own record with images of two Kuiper Belt objects.
For a short time, the image below, New Horizons Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) frame of the galactic open star cluster NGC 3532 (aka the Football Cluster or the Wishing Well Cluster), taken on December 5, 2017 (released on February 8, 2015), was the farthest image ever made by a spacecraft, breaking a 27-year record set by Voyager 1. New Horizons was 3.79 billion miles (6.12 billion kilometers or 40.9 astronomical units-AUNotes 1) from Earth when LORRI took the routine calibration image.
Continue reading New Horizons beats Voyager 1's Record for being farthest from Earth while capturing images
Today (January 31), with popular terms, there was a "super blue blood moon". It will be the first full total moon eclipse since September 27/28, 2015. What's more, it was the first Blue Moon / Blood Moon visible from the United States since 1866.
UPDATE: NASA is live now, saying "We're live online with views of the _TAG_ from _USER_." (Click here to watch the live stream)
Continue reading Super Blue Blood Moon 2018
On 15 February 2013, an approximately 20-meter (66 feet) meteoroidNotes 1 entered Earth's atmosphere over Russia, with a speed of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometers per second (60,000-69,000 km/h or 40,000-42,900 mph). Its mass is estimated at 7,000 to 10,000 tons, one of the largest meteoroids entered Earth's atmosphere in the recent history. Then, at 9:20 am local time (03:20 UTC), it exploded some 20 to 30 kilometers above the city of Chelyabinsk and created a gigantic fireball (known as a superbolideNotes 1) brighter than the Sun. An estimated 500 kilotons of energy was released by the explosion. For a comparison, the "Little Boy", the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT. So, the Chelyabinsk meteor's explosion was about 33 times stronger. The shock waves damaged several thousand buildings and injured approximately 1,500 people. No deaths were reported.
Scientists estimate such events occur on average once every 100 years. The most well-known was the Tunguska event, which occurred near the Stony Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate (now Krasnoyarsk Krai), Russia, on the morning of 30 June 1908. It is also the largest impact event on Earth in recorded history. Studies have yielded different estimates of the meteoroid's size, on the order of 60 to 190 meters (200 to 620 feet), depending on whether the body was a comet or a denser asteroid.
Continue reading Why meteoroids explode before they reach Earth?
Mining asteroids might seem like the stuff of science fiction, but there are companies and a few governments already working hard to make it real. This should not be surprising: compared with the breathtaking bridges that engineers build on Earth, asteroid-mining is a simple, small-scale operation requiring only modest technological advances. If anything is lacking, it is the imagination to see how plausible it has become. I am afraid only that it might not arrive soon enough to address the urgent resource challenges that the world is facing right now.
Continue reading Want faster data and a cleaner planet? Start mining asteroids
In 1054 A.D, a new, very bright star has appeared in Earth's sky, in the constellation Taurus. Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Arab astronomers observed the event and noted: "a new bright star emerged in the heavens". The star was so bright: for nearly three weeks, it was visible even during the daytime, under the hot, shiny summer sun, and remained visible for around two years (653 days to be exact). Today, we know that that "heavenly star" was actually a supernova (SN 1054), and its remnant is what we now know as the Crab Nebula today (catalogue designations M1, NGC 1952, Taurus A).
Continue reading A new star in heavens: how Crab Nebula was born
An amazing image showing both the Earth and Moon. The distance between our planet and its satellite is actually much more than many would conceptualize. It is 384,400 kilometers (about 239,000 miles) on average, but as usual, our brains cannot deal with such large numbers. Only seeing that distance makes us realize how far even the closest body in the solar system to us – and gives some clues about how big is our Solar system actually. What's more, we've actually been there, the humanity managed to cover that vast distance and walked on the moon!
Continue reading Earth and Moon in the same photo
Are we alone in the universe? Or are there any other "living planets" other than Earth? Until 1992, we even don't know if there are any other planets around the other stars or not. In 1992, two Swiss astrophysicists, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz the first "exoplanet" (a planet orbiting another star than the Sun). Then discoveries continued. Especially after the launch of Kepler space telescope on March 7, 2009, which is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars, we quickly learned that our Solar System is not a rare phenomenon at all. As of November 2017, scientists have confirmed more than 3,500 exoplanets in more than 2,700 star systems. Now, the question is: are any of these planets (or the planets waiting to be discovered in the future) harbor life? If so, how we can find out? How to tell if a planet harbors life?
Currently, we have only one example: the Earth itself. Studying Earth and trying to figure out how we'd conclude the Earth harbors life from a distance (from space) can show us how to find out if a planet harbors life or not. Since 1997, NASA satellites have continuously observed all plant life at the surface of the land and ocean.
Continue reading Watch: How to tell if a planet harbors life?
In September 2017, Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of SpaceX has revealed a new plan to colonize Moon and Mars with giant reusable spaceships. They are ambitiously planning to send the first humans to Mars as early as 2024 to build the foundations for the first Martian city. But is Mars really the best place for humans to settle? Some scientists, like Amanda HendrixNotes 1, the American planetary scientist, thinks it's not, and we should be looking somewhere else and colonize Titan, Saturn's largest moon, instead.
Continue reading Living on Mars is a terrible idea, scientist says. We should colonize Titan, instead
Earth is actually a fragile and isolated rock, a "blue marble" in a vast, cold and hostile space. But only after seeing our planet from space we truly understood that. Seeing the Earth first time from a distance was a powerful experience which has changed the way we see our planet. Here are the top 10 most iconic photos of Earth from space.
Continue reading Top 10 Most Iconic Photos of Earth from Space
The billionaire founder of SpaceX, Elon Musk has revealed a new plan to colonize Moon and Mars with giant reusable spaceships. He provided an update on their Mars colonization plan at the International Astronautical Congress (IAC) Notes 1 in Adelaide, Australia this week. Musk plans to send 1 million people to Mars using BFR Notes 2, and "making life multiplanetary". He has highly ambitious plans, like launching and landing at least two uncrewed cargo ships on Mars as early as 2022.
The newly announced BFR is smaller than the one Musk revealed at the same event last year, 106 meters (348 feet) tall and carrying capacity of 150 tonnes compared to the previous design's 122 meters (400 feet) and 300 tonnes. But, (naturally) it's way cheaper than the previously announced version, and according to Musk, "lower cost is the biggest update". And, still, it is more powerful than any of SpaceX's or NASA's other planned rockets.
Continue reading "Making Life Multiplanetary": Musk reveals a new plan to colonize Mars


This blog chronicles my experiences learning F# via implementing Push: a programming language designed for use in evolving populations of programs geared for solving symbolic regression problems (genetic programming).
Supercharging SQL Join with GTX Titan, CUDA C++, and Thrust: Part 2
August 22, 2014 Leave a comment
All this code is now on GitHub.
Compute the mathces
Here is a simple, purely brute-force algorithm for computing the join mentioned in Part 1.
Here is the entirely "CPU" implementation of the algorithm:
std::vector<bool> matches(size);
std::fill(matches.begin(), matches.end(), false);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
 for (int j = 0; j < classes.size(); j++)
 bool match = classes[j] == classCode[i];
 if (match)
 matches[i] = match;
Loop over both datasets, compare them one-by-one, if there is a match – flag it. The only thing to note is that while it's tempting to write the inner loop like this:
matches[i] = classes[j] == classCode[i];
it would be an obvious bug to do so.
This has a loathsome O(m*n) complexity (m, n – sizes of the datasets), and, in general this code is criminal.
In an attempt to decriminalize it, we delegate this work to the GPU as follows:
__global__ void joinValue(const int left, const int * const right, int rightSize, bool * const matches)
 int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
 if (idx < rightSize)
 bool match = left == right[idx];
 if (match)
 matches[idx] = match;
__global__ void join(const int * const left, const int * const right, int leftSize, int rightSize, int childBlocks, int childThreadsPerBlock, bool * const matches)
 int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
 if (idx < leftSize)
 joinValue<<<childBlocks, childThreadsPerBlock>>>(left[idx], right, rightSize, matches);
Pretty simple. The "join" kernel is used to "loop" over the filtering map one entry per thread. This calls a child kernel to "loop" over the "database table". The output array of "matches" is originally instantiated to "false". We are still O(m*n) in terms of work complexity, but step complexity is O(1) – just two steps are necessary.
Thrust is used to extract raw pointers to the data and pass them to the kernels. No need for CUDA boiler-plate to allocate, copy, and free the memory:
const int * const right = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(;
bool * const matchesRaw = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(;
const int * const left = thrust::raw_pointer_cast(;
//nBlocks: calculated so we have one thread per element of the "left" dataset
int nBlocks = (size + threadCount) / threadCount;
//the child kernel has nChildBlocks: one thread per element of the "right" dataset
int nChildBlocks = ((int)d_patentInfo.classCode.size() + threadCount) / threadCount;
// launch join kernel
int rightSize = (int)d_patentInfo.classCode.size();
join<<<nBlocks, threadCount>>>(left, right, size, rightSize, nChildBlocks, threadCount, matchesRaw);
//... and wait for it to finish
Filter the data
From this point on, everything is done with Thrust.
We count the number of matches and allocate a structure of arrays on the GPU to receive them. The constructor for the structure allocates every one of its arrays.
int nMatches = (int)thrust::count(matches.begin(), matches.end(), true);
PatentInfo relevantPatents(nMatches);
We copy all of the filtered data into the new location in one shot, using the Thrust zip iterators:
// output iterator. "matches" at the end has a larger size than nMatches.
PatentZipIterator relevantPatentsIter =
 relevantPatents.classCode.begin(), relevantPatents.appYear.begin(),
 relevantPatents.issueYear.begin(), relevantPatents.companyId.begin(),
 relevantPatents.isImportant.begin(), matches.begin()));
//input iterator
PatentZipIterator patentZipIter =
 thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(d_patentInfo.patentId.begin(), d_patentInfo.classCode.begin(),
 d_patentInfo.appYear.begin(), d_patentInfo.issueYear.begin(),
 d_patentInfo.companyId.begin(), d_patentInfo.isImportant.begin(), matches.begin()));
PatentZipIterator patentZipIterEnd =
 thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(d_patentInfo.patentId.end(), d_patentInfo.classCode.end(),
 d_patentInfo.appYear.end(), d_patentInfo.issueYear.end(),
 d_patentInfo.companyId.end(), d_patentInfo.isImportant.end(), matches.end()));
//copy to the output if we are matching
thrust::copy_if(patentZipIter, patentZipIterEnd, relevantPatentsIter, PatentInfo::is_matching());
Here PatentZipIterator is defined as follows:
typedef thrust::tuple<IntIterator, IntIterator, IntIterator, IntIterator, IntIterator, BoolIterator, BoolIterator> PatentIteratorTuple;
typedef thrust::zip_iterator<PatentIteratorTuple> PatentZipIterator;
A zip iterator in Thrust is similar to Zip() function in LINQ. In LINQ, Zip() is limited to two sequences, while in Thrust zip iterator can be used with as many sequences as the thrust::tuple type can handle. In large part, the purpose of this exercise was to take this iterator for a ride: an obvious optimization (discussed later) would not really require this complexity.
In this implementation, we zip up all the arrays in our PatentInfo structure together with the array of matches in a septuple. thrust::make_zip_iterator() takes a tuple of iterators and creates a single iterator that allows us to march thrust algorithms on seven arrays in lock-step. So, thrust::copy_if() – our gathering algorithm can examine one element at a time using PatentInfo::is_matching functor and see if this is a "matched" element. The predicate functor is implemented as follows:
typedef thrust::tuple<int, int, int, int, int, bool, bool> PatentTuple;
struct is_matching : public thrust::unary_function < PatentTuple, bool >
 __host__ __device__
 bool operator() (const PatentTuple& patentTuple)
 return thrust::get<6>(patentTuple);
Each element fed to the predicate is a septuple wrapped into the PatentTuple type, the last member of each septuple is an element of the matches[] array that determines the return value of the predicate.
After the gathering algorithm is done, we are ready to move the results to the host memory, which is done again painlessly by Thrust.
Performance is, unfortunately, ridiculously high. "Unfortunately" because bad performance is a great drive force of innovation and improvement. Here is the summary (in seconds, avg) for a dataset of 20,000,000 "patent ids" joined over 4000 classes.
7(actually for 5,000,000 over 3000 classes) 80 0.012
GPU performance does not include moving the data back into the host memory – this maybe takes a second. Deploying the original data to the GPU is done "off-line", so is of little interest, but it also takes a second or so.
One optimization is so glaring, that I cannot pass it by. Leave the first step intact, but then, instead of moving data to/from the GPU, convert the array of "matches" to the array of indices matched and return it to the user. No need for zip iterators, no need to shovel lots of data to/from the GPU:
 1. Deploy the list of "keys" (original list of patentIds in this case) to the GPU
 2. Find matches as before
 3. Convert the matches array into a compacted array of indices
 4. return the array to the calling application
Then the calling application can scan the array of indices on the CPU in O(nMatches) time, and return the actual filtered dataset.
Besides the fact, that much less data needs to be moved between different spaces (managed, native, GPU), we also free the GPU implementation of any data complexity: no need to know what the table we are filtering actually looks like, as long as we are filtering on a single integer key!
Categories: CPP, CUDA
Supercharging SQL Join with GTX Titan, CUDA C++, and Thrust: Part 1
August 21, 2014 1 comment
This is a post in two parts:
Part 1 – The problem, solution setup, the algorithm.
Part 2 – (The juicy) Implementation details, discussion.
select distinct p.PatentID, p.ClassId, p.CompanyId, p.IssueYear, p.AppYear, p.IsImportant
from _USER_ t
join Patents p on p.ClassId = t.ClassId
This join filters patents belonging to a set of classes from the Patents table.
Semantics are


text:
Rusty steel wool experiment
Children love to learn and experiment with new things. Try this easy science experiment that is fun to do and will teach your kids about chemical reactions.
What you need:
- 5 small jars with lids
- Wire wool
- Boiled water
- Bicarbonate of soda
Line up the small glass jars and place a small piece of wire wool in each jar.
Label the jars as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 so that you can record what you have placed in each container.
Pour water into your first container labelled '1' and put the lid on it.
Pour boiled water into the second container labelled '2' and put the lid on it.
Leave the third container labelled '3' open and exposed to the air (air contains water vapour).
Mix some salt with tap water and pour this into the fouth jar labelled '4' and place the lid on it.
Add a pinch of bicarbonate of soda to the fith container labelled '5' and place the lid on it.
Leave the jars for one day.
Check the jars the next day and write down your observations.
- Rust is a very common chemical reaction which happens to iron and the metals containing iron. Rust is caused by a combination of water and air and is exalerated up by adding salt to the equation.
- The jar to show rust first should be number '4' as it has salt added to the water.
- Containers '1' and '3' will begin to rust more slowly.
- Containers '2' and '5' will only start to show rust if there is air and water vapours trapped under the lid in each jar.


text:
In design, the bathroom has transformed from a purely functional space to a luxurious oasis. The walk-in shower symbolizes luxury and tranquility. This comprehensive guide delves into the aspects of designing a walk-in shower with a focus on selecting the right materials for walls and floors. We'll explore factors like durability, aesthetics, and maintenance while also exploring the trends in materials and flooring options. Our goal is to help you create a walk-in shower that seamlessly combines style and functionality.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Materials;
Sturdiness; Withstanding the Elements
The foundation of a lasting and sturdy walk-in shower lies in choosing materials that can withstand exposure to moisture, temperature changes, and everyday use. In our examination of durability, we'll delve into how different materials react to weather conditions.
Porcelain and Ceramic Tiles; Engineering Excellence
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are highly praised for their ability to resist moisture while maintaining their appeal.
Understanding the manufacturing processes used to create these tiles is crucial. These tiles acquire an impermeable structure through high-temperature firing, which makes them resistant to water penetration. In this section, we will delve into the science behind this process, shedding light on how it enhances the durability and longevity of the tiles while also providing water resistance.
Moreover, we will explore how these tiles withstand usage by examining factors like colorfastness and scratch resistance. The aim is to provide an explanation for why ceramic and porcelain tiles remain choices for walk-in shower walls due to their durability and aesthetic appeal.
Aesthetics; Blending Style with Substance
A walk-in shower goes beyond being a space; it makes a statement about your personal style. That's why aesthetics play a role in selecting materials that do not endure but also enhance visual attractiveness. Our exploration of aesthetics will encompass cutting-edge styles, innovative layouts, and the timeless charm offered by materials.
Porcelain and Ceramic Tiles; Beyond the Basics
Ceramic and porcelain tiles serve as canvases for creativity, offering more than practicality. This section will extensively examine the multitude of design options presented by these tiles.
Let's explore how these traditional materials are continuously adapting to suit design preferences, incorporating mosaic patterns and creating a spacious feel with large format tiles. By familiarizing yourself with the variety of colors, textures, and finishes, you'll be able to make decisions that enhance the charm and uniqueness of your walk-in shower.
The beauty of stone lies in its geological features. In this section, we'll delve into the qualities of stones like marble, granite, and travertine. We'll also provide guidance on selecting a stone that perfectly complements your design preferences. Beyond durability, we'll discuss how organic veining, color variations, and finishes contribute to establishing a timeless and sophisticated ambiance in your walk-in shower.
While it's important to maintain the appearance of your walk-in shower, we understand that constant upkeep can be burdensome. Therefore, we will explore cleaning and maintenance considerations with an emphasis on materials that are long-lasting, sanitary, and easy to maintain.
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are renowned for their hassle-free maintenance characteristics. This section will delve into why these tiles are so easy to clean and wipe down.
Let's explore the benefits that can help prolong the lifespan of your walk-in shower, such as their resistance to mold and mildew and their easy maintenance. We will also discuss the importance of selecting the grout and innovative grout technologies that make upkeep even simpler.
Dealing with Natural Stone; Finding Balance Between Care and Beauty
While natural stone offers beauty, it requires an approach to maintenance. In this section, we will clarify the care needed for stone, including the importance of sealing it to protect against water damage. Understanding these requirements will enable you to make decisions and maintain the elegance of your walk-in shower through proper care.
The Ultimate Goal; Understanding Maintenance, Durability, and Aesthetics
Our investigation into maintenance, durability, and aesthetics aims to provide you with an understanding of how each aspect influences your choice of materials for your walk-in shower. Achieving a long-lasting setting goes beyond selecting materials that initially look great.
Popular Materials for Walk-in Shower Walls
Ceramic and porcelain tiles are widely recognized as go-to options when it comes to walk-in shower materials in the industry.
Their enduring popularity can be attributed to their longevity and adaptability. Let's delve into the production techniques that make these tiles resilient and examine how they maintain their appeal when exposed to water. We'll explore the evolution of porcelain tile design, showcasing the options they offer for walk-in shower walls.
For those who desire a touch of nature and timeless elegance, natural stone surfaces are a choice for walk-in shower walls. In this section, we'll delve into the wonders of stones such as travertine, granite, and marble. Understanding the qualities and maintenance requirements of each stone will help you select one that perfectly aligns with your design vision and lifestyle.
When it comes to practicality, acrylic and fiberglass panels take the stage. This section will focus on the effective design and lightweight nature of these materials. Not only are they affordable, but they are also easy to install. We'll shed light on the design possibilities offered by acrylic and fiberglass panels proving that you can achieve both functionality and style without compromise.
Moving on to walk-in shower flooring options, it's worth noting that porcelain and ceramic tiles are not suitable for walls but durable enough for shower floors. This section will cover the aspects of selecting floor tiles for walk-in showers, including factors like slip resistance, texture, and size. We'll discuss technologies that enhance the functionality of these tiles in environments, ensuring that your shower floor not only looks great but also provides a safe foundation.
For those aiming to create an experience in their walk-in showers, pebble and stone flooring can be an excellent choice. We'll explore both the decorative aspects of using these materials, ranging from natural stone tiles to polished river rocks. This section will delve into installation specifics. Highlight how stone and pebble flooring can transform your shower area into a spa retreat.
The emergence of luxury vinyl plank (LVP) has brought about changes in walk-in shower design. In this section, we'll break down the composition of LVP. Discuss how advancements in technology have improved its durability and design options. We'll explore LVPs properties that make them suitable for environments and examine their versatility in achieving various design goals.
The affordability and accessibility of LVP (Luxury Vinyl Plank) flooring offer homeowners options to customize their walk-in showers.
Considerations for Installation;
To ensure a watertight seal, proper waterproofing is crucial when installing walk-in showers. This section explores the science behind waterproofing, discussing methods, materials, and factors that contribute to creating a durable foundation. We provide a guide that explains the importance of waterproofing in preserving the longevity of your chosen materials covering everything from sealants to waterproof membranes.
DIY vs. Professional Installation;
Choosing between DIY installation and professional installation is a decision that greatly impacts the outcome of your walk-in shower project. This section examines the pros and cons of each option while offering a cost comparison. We discuss the required level of expertise for materials challenges, with DIY installations and situations where hiring a professional is advisable. By sharing real-world examples and insights from professionals, we aim to equip you with the knowledge to make a decision based on your project's scope and personal preferences.
In summary, finding the perfect walk-in shower involves more than choosing the materials. It's a process that requires balancing practicality, aesthetics, and durability. This book aims to be your companion on this journey by providing knowledge, thoughtful advice, and practical suggestions to help you design a walk-in shower that not only looks great but also enhances your everyday bathing experience.
As you explore materials, flooring options, and installation factors, remember that the ideal walk-in shower is a sanctuary where form and function unite. Every decision you make impacts the overall experience, from the type of tiles adorning your walls to the texture of the floor. The materials you choose set the stage for a shower that goes beyond being merely functional; they transform it into a haven. Let your choices reflect your vision of a walk-in shower – whether you prefer the timeless beauty of stone, the adaptable modernity of luxury vinyl plank, or the traditional charm of ceramic tiles.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Section
Q1; Do stone walls. Flooring make good choices? Is it maintenance?
A: To keep natural stone looking its best, it requires care. This involves sealing the stone and following recommended cleaning routines. Regular maintenance, like resealing, may be necessary to ensure the longevity of stone surfaces.
Q2: Can luxury vinyl plank handle be exposed to water in a shower?
A: Yes, luxury vinyl plank is designed to be water-resistant. Can withstand the moisture levels found in a walk-in shower. It's important to install it and seal the joints properly for performance. Additionally, selecting an LVP product specifically made for areas enhances its durability and water resistance.
Q3; How do I decide between porcelain tiles for my shower?
A: When choosing between porcelain tiles for your shower, consider factors such as desired aesthetics, budget, and location. Porcelain tiles are denser and more durable, making them suitable for both walls and flooring. Ceramic tiles offer a range of design options at a cost but may be better suited for wall applications in areas with less foot traffic.
Q4; Can I install flooring on my own?
A; Installing flooring requires careful consideration of the substrate using appropriate adhesives and meticulous placement of individual pebbles.
While it is possible for individuals to attempt DIY installation of flooring, it is highly recommended that they hire an installer. Professionals possess the expertise to ensure a level surface and proper waterproofing, resulting in an appealing and long-lasting pebble floor.
Q5; What is the average lifespan of luxury vinyl plank flooring used in shower areas?


GuildWars Fanfic Wikia
Turai's Story
17,334pages on
this wiki
Turai's Story
Turai's Story
Rarity Common
Value 0 Gold
Stackable No
Campaign Core
Turai's Story is a book that can be obtained from Durmand, along with Turai's Sword and Shield. Equipping the sword and shield and then "reading" the book allows you to enter Turai's mission, The Battle of Jahai.
Once the story is complete, you can trade it for an Undead weapon at the Archivist of Whispers.
Turai's Story
The Scourge of Vabbi 1
The Battle of Jahai
The Battle of Jahai
Battle's Eve2
Sneak Attack3
Above Jahai 4
The Duel 5
Joko Entombed 6
 1. The Scourge of Vabbi
 The Scourge of Vabbi
 His name is Turai Ossa. This is his greatest battle.
 Two hundred years ago, the armies of the undead lord Palawa Joko swarmed out of the desert. Joko found a way around Elona's defenses and besieged the vulnerable land of Vabbi.
 A Unified Elona might have stopped him there, but the princes of Vabbi hid, and the Istani Sunspears proved too few and too divided to halt Joko's relentless assault. Only after Palawa Joko scoured much of Vabbi and turned his attention southward did any real resistance muster.
 Even then, it was almost too late.
 2. Battle's Eve
 Battle's Eve
 Warmarshal Ossa gathered forces from every town and village in the valley of the River Elon. He marshaled a great army in the broad lands near the Grand Cataract, where the valley walls narrowed. Yet, as mighty as his forces were, Palawa Joko's army was greater.
 Turai, however, had a plan. Among his warriors, he had found a miner who knew of paths through the hills above the Jahai Bluffs. The tenuous route might lead to Joko's rearguard, and ultimately to Joko himself. Scouts confirmed that the undead lord had insufficiently garrisoned this flank, and Turai believed a small but powerful group might fight its way through.
 3. Sneak Attackquest
 Sneak Attack
 It was a desperate mission, so Turai Ossa chose to lead it himself. He took with him his most trusted bodyguards, a band of Istani Sunspears, and a handful of refugee soldiers from Vabbi. His handpicked squad came from across all three Elonian provinces, and all had a personal stake in the outcome.
 Turai's finest commanders would hold the line against Joko's shambling horde. With hope they could contain the massive army long enough for Turai and his men to move through the shadowy passages and strike against Palawa Joko from the rear. If Turai could eliminate the undead lord, his Elonian forces might stand a chance against the unliving army arrayed against them.
 But should Turai fail, then all of Kourna would fall...
 4. Above Jahai
 Above Jahai
 Warmarshal Ossa and his hand-picked squad threaded their way through the maze of passes and canyons above the Jahai Bluffs. Far below, they could see Palawa Joko's forces clash against the human armies. They knew that time was an ever-dwindling resource. They forged ahead.
 However, Joko had not left his flank completely unprotected. Turai's advance through the canyons was stymied by undead guardians and corsair mercenaries. In time, though, Turai and his men reached Joko's camp, the undead lord gloating about his impending victory.
 5. The Duel
 The Duel
 Turai Ossa challenged Palawa Joko to single combat, playing to the undead lord's vanity. Joko could not resist the urge to fell the Kournan warmarshal personally, and the two leaders faced off high above the warring armies. There, in full view of their respective followers, Turai bested Joko, and the undead lord fell from his lofty height.
 6. Joko Entombed
 Joko Entombed
 Though beaten, Joko could not be slain. Turai's bodyguards imprisoned the undead lord where none would ever disturb him. There the Scourge of Vabbi would lie forgotten, trapped with his hatred and weakness, guarded by followers of those who had interred him, until night fell upon the world.
 Turai served his people well, and his victory at the Battle of Jahai would be remembered for generations. As the years passed, his descendants would rule Kourna, but Turai Ossa would always be known as the greatest champion of Elona.
 - The book is customized to the character who receives it.
 - You can get more than one copy of the book.
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Determining if objects are permanently unavailable
You can determine if objects are permanently unavailable by making a request using the TSM administrative console.
Before you begin
About this task
This example is provided for your information only; this procedure cannot help you identify all failure conditions that may result in unavailable objects or tape volumes. For information about TSM administration, see TSM Server documentation.
 1. Log in to an Admin Node:
 1. Enter the following command: ssh admin@Admin_Node_IP
 2. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 2. Identify the object or objects that could not be retrieved by the Archive Node:
 1. Go to the directory containing the audit log files: cd /var/local/audit/export
 The active audit log file is named audit.log. Once a day, the active audit.log file is saved, and a new audit.log file is started. The name of the saved file indicates when it was saved, in the format yyyy-mm-dd.txt. After a day, the saved file is compressed and renamed, in the format yyyy-mm-dd.txt.gz, which preserves the original date.
 2. Search the relevant audit log file for messages indicating that a retrieval failure occurred. For example, enter: grep ARCE audit.log | less -n
 When a retrieval fails, the ARCE audit message (Archive Object Retrieve End) displays ARUN (archive middleware unavailable) or GERR (general error) in the result field. The following example line from the audit log shows that the ARCE message terminated with the result ARUN for CBID 498D8A1F681F05B3.
 See the instructions for understanding audit messages.
 3. Record the CBID of each object with a request failure.
 You might also want to record the following additional information used by the TSM to identify objects saved by the Archive Node:
 - File Space Name: Select Support > Grid Topology. Then, select Archive Node > ARC > Target > Overview.
 The file space name is the Archive Node's node ID.
 - High Level Name: Equivalent to the volume ID assigned to the object by the Archive Node. The volume ID takes the form of a date (20091127), and is recorded as the VLID of the object in archive audit messages.
 - Low Level Name: Equivalent to the CBID assigned to an object by the StorageGRID system.
 4. Log out of the command shell: exit
 3. Check the TSM server to see if the objects identified in step 2 are permanently unavailable:
 1. Log in to the administrative console of the TSM server: dsmadmc
 Use the administrative user name and password that are configured for the ARC service. Enter the user name and password in the Grid Manager. (Select Support > Grid Topology. Then, select Archive Node > ARC > Target > Configuration.)
 2. Determine if the object is permanently unavailable.
 For example, you might search the TSM activity log for a data integrity error for that object. The following example shows a search of the activity log for the past day for an object with CBID 498D8A1F681F05B3.
 > query actlog begindate=-1 search=276C14E94082CC69
 12/21/2008 05:39:15 ANR0548W Retrieve or restore
 failed for session _PHONE_ for node DEV-ARC-20 (Bycast ARC)
 processing file space /_PHONE_ 4 for file /20081002/
 498D8A1F681F05B3 stored as Archive - data
 integrity error detected. (SESSION: _PHONE_)
 Note that depending on the nature of the error, the CBID might not be recorded in the TSM activity log. You might need to search the log for other TSM errors around the time of the request failure.
 3. If an entire tape is permanently unavailable, identify the CBIDs for all objects stored on that volume: query content TSM_Volume_Name
 where TSM_Volume_Name is the TSM name for the unavailable tape. The following is an example of the output for this command:
 > query content TSM-Volume-Name
 Node Name Type Filespace FSID Client's Name for File Name
 DEV-ARC-20 Arch /_PHONE_ 216 /20081201/ C1D172940E6C7E12
 DEV-ARC-20 Arch /_PHONE_ 216 /20081201/ F1D7FBC2B4B0779E
 The Client's Name for File Name" is the Archive Node volume ID (TSM "high level name") followed by the object's CBID (TSM "low level name). That is: /Archive Node volume ID /CBID or, in the first line of this example: /20081201/ C1D172940E6C7E12
 Recall also that the Filespace is the node ID of the Archive Node.
 You will need the CBID of each object stored on the volume and the node ID of the Archive Node to cancel the retrieval request in the next step.
 4. For each object that is permanently unavailable, cancel the retrieval request and inform the StorageGRID system that the object copy was lost:
 Attention: Use the ADE Console with caution. If the console is used improperly, it is possible to interrupt system operations and corrupt data. Enter commands carefully, and only use the commands documented in this procedure.
 1. If you are not already logged in to the Archive Node, log in as follows:
 1. Enter the following command: ssh admin@grid_node_IP
 2. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 4. Enter the password listed in the Passwords.txt file.
 2. Access the ADE console of the ARC service: telnet localhost 1409
 3. Cancel the request for the object: /proc/BRTR/cancel -c CBID
 where CBID is the identifier of the object that cannot be retrieved from the TSM.
 If the only copies of the object are on tape, the "bulk retrieval" request is canceled with a message "1 requests canceled". If copies of the object exist elsewhere in the system, the object retrieval is processed by a different module so the response to the message is "0 requests canceled".
 4. Notify the StorageGRID system that an object copy has been lost and an additional copy must be made of the indicated object: /proc/CMSI/Object_Lost CBID node_ID
 where CBID is the identifier of the object that cannot be retrieved from the TSM server.
 For Archive Nodes, you cannot use a range of CBIDs.
 node_ID is the node ID of the Archive Node where the retrieval failed.
 In most cases, the StorageGRID system immediately begins to make additional copies of object data to ensure that the system's ILM policy is followed. In a StorageGRID system configured to use an ILM rule with only one active content placement instruction, copies of an object are not made. If an object is lost, it cannot be recovered. In this case, running the Object_Lost command purges the lost object's metadata from the StorageGRID system.
 When the Object_Lost command completes successfully, it returns the message CLOC_LOST_ANS returned result 'SUCS'.
 5. Exit the ADE Console: exit
 6. Log out of the Archive Node: exit
 5. Reset the value of Request Failures in the StorageGRID system:
 1. Go to Archive Node > ARC > Retrieve > Configuration, and select Reset Request Failure Count.
 2. Click Apply Changes.


text:
|This article is non-canon.|
The Valmaric script is an early script which Tolkien used from about 1922 to 1925 and looks like a midpoint between the Sarati and the Tengwar; Tolien experimented with several similar scripts but Valmaric is the only one published so far.
He referred to those scripts as "Qenya writing", "Qenyatic" and "Qenyarinwa". He also described his samples as representing three different stages (Old, Middle and Late)
It features many tengwar shapes, the inherent vowel [a] found in some tengwar varieties, and the tables in the samples V12 and V13 show an arrangement that is very similar to the one of the primary tengwar in the classical Quenya "mode".


text:
This page explains how to use the TRAINING mode. It's so simple to use that anyone should be able to operate it intuitively. Most of the questions are automatically assigned shortcut keys on Windows and Mac, so you can practice on either OS.
Click the START button
First, click the START button shown below to start the practice mode.
Confirm the shortcut (command) contents and enter the key
The contents of the shortcut and the contents of the command are displayed in ① in the figure below. Enter the appropriate key. If the guide mode is ON, you can practice with the answer displayed in ② as it is.
If you enter the key correctly, press the ENTER key to move to the next question.
If you enter the key correctly, the word "push enter" will appear, so press the ENTER key to proceed to the next question. If repeat mode was turned on at this time, repeat the same issue, not the next one.


Gould and colleagues1 provide an excellent review of the limitations of packed cell transfusion in the intensive care unit. I applaud their efforts to painstakingly summarize evidence on a topic of widespread occurrence that is easily overlooked.
Although new studies offer data on the judicious use of packed cells in different patient cohorts, one should be wary of potential residual confounders of transfusion-related consequences in these studies. These confounders may be hypothermia secondary to rapid infusion, fluid overload due to improper patient selection and technique, dilutional coagulopathies, infusion technique–associated hemolysis, route of administration, and guideline transfusion bedside compatibility check. Varieties of "lapse errors" exist and these errors vary with the urgency and repetition of situational parameters and potentially can be confounders with higher transfusions.2
In the developing world, based on my experience at various tertiary care hospitals...
You do not currently have access to this content.


text:
The burden of diabetes has increased dramatically in most developed countries and in many developing countries. People's perceptions and knowledge about their diabetes, as well as other psychological factors, are important predictors for the success of diabetes self-management. Indonesia's population of more than 240 million people faces a wide range of health problems – both communicable and non-communicable diseases – which are placing a huge burden on the country's healthcare sector.
A major challenge lies in allocating health budgets efficiently to provide optimum-quality social welfare. The costs provoked by diabetes complications are particularly high. The author of this article describes some of the issues underpinning cost-effective diabetes self-management education.


text:
An ancient flying serpent soars high overhead this evening. It's a zigzagging line of faint stars between the prominent constellations Cygnus and Cassiopeia. It's high in the northeast at nightfall, and passes high overhead a few hours later.
The star pattern is known as Lacerta, the lizard. A German astronomer created the constellation several hundred years ago to fill a gap between larger constellations.
But thousands of years earlier, the Chinese knew this group of stars as a flying serpent. Their constellation included present-day Lacerta and a portion of Cygnus. Lacerta certainly looks serpentine enough. Its brightest stars form a short jagged line to the east of Deneb, the bright "tail" of Cygnus, the swan.
You need to look carefully to find Lacerta. None of its stars is brighter than about fourth magnitude, which means you need nice, dark skies to find them.
Lacerta's brightest star is Alpha Lacertae, near the constellation's northern tip. It's a white star about 90 light-years from Earth. Its color indicates that its surface is a good bit hotter than the surface of the Sun.
Lacerta's next-brightest stars are orange giants - puffed-up stars that are much larger and cooler than the Sun. But they're so far away that they don't appear all that bright.
To find the serpent, first find Cygnus, which looks like a cross, and Cassiopeia, which looks like the letter M or W. Lacerta is a twisting trail of stars directly between them.
Script by Damond Benningfield, Copyright 2005, 2008
For more skywatching tips, astronomy news, and much more, read StarDate magazine.