Yellow corydalis plants have finely cut foliage with yellow, tubular flowers.
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Yellow corydalis makes an excellent border plant.
Yellow corydalis
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What is yellow corydalis? Yellow corydalis (Corydalis lutea = Pseudofumaria lutea) is a shortlived perennial in the bleedingheart family (Fumariaceae). The genus Corydalis has approximately 300 species, and the name derives from the Greek 'korydalis' meaning crested lark, a reference to the fact that the plants' flowers resemble a lark's head. Other common names of yellow corydalis include yellow fumitory, hollowort, and yellow larkspur. Native to the southern Alps of Europe, this plant is hardy in zones 4 through 8.
Yellow corydalis plants form neat mounds of finely cut, delicate-looking light-green to blue-green foliage, somewhat resembling the foliage of maiden hair ferns or bleeding hearts. The pinnately compound leaves have three lobes, and are pale green above and glaucous (i.e., waxy) below. The leaves are borne on weak, hollow and fleshy stems. Plants grow up to 18 inches tall, but often are much shorter.
In mild climates, yellow corydalis remains evergreen (although not necessarily attractive), but in climates with colder winters, dies back to the ground. In very hot summers or during drought, plants may also die back, but they often resume growth in the fall when cooler, moister conditions prevail. In Wisconsin's relatively cool climate, when planted in a moist site, yellow corydalis does not die back at all. This is in contrast with the majority of other Corydalis species that are more easily heat-stressed and prone to dieback.
As its name suggests, yellow corydalis produces bright, golden-yellow flowers. It blooms over a long period, from late spring through frost. The one to two inch long flowers have four petals arranged in an irregular tubular shape with a spur in the back. Flowers are borne in racemes of six to 16 flowers on stems that rise above the foliage. Slender, dehiscent capsules (i.e., seed pods that naturally break open along a seam) follow the flowers. Capsules eventually burst to scatter their seed.
In addition to C. lutea, there are other Corydalis species with yellow flowers that are suitable for use in the garden.
C. aurea (hardy to zones 3 through 8) is known as scrambled eggs and is a biennial that produces small flowers in the spring of the second year of growth.
C. cheilanthifolia (hardy to zones 4 through 9) has fern-like leaves and upright, butter-yellow flower clusters. The leaves become bronze in the fall.
C. ochroleuca (hardy to zones 5 through 8) has blue-green leaves, with creamy yellow-white flowers with green lips and yellow throats.
While useful as an ornamental, yellow corydalis does have one potentially problematic characteristic. It is toxic to horses, causing mouth sores, gingivitis, colic and sudden death (if enough is ingested). Therefore, yellow corydalis should not be allowed to invade pastures.
Where do I get yellow corydalis? Yellow corydalis plants are available at many nurseries and garden centers that stock perennials. Once established in the garden, this plant tends to self-seed prolifically, and can become somewhat weedy in certain conditions, although it is easily removed where not wanted. Yellow corydalis commonly establishes around stone walls or in gravelly soil. Seedlings can be transplanted in early spring. However, established plants often do not perform well if moved. If you do transplant yellow corydalis, plants will require extra watering and will often struggle for the remainder of the season. Yellow corydalis plants are also not easily divided, but divisions can be made in early spring. Although it self-seeds readily, yellow corydalis is not easy to germinate indoors due to its complex dormancy requirements. To germinate the seeds, sow them in a moist potting medium, then place them in a plastic bag and keep at room temperature (approximately 70ºF) for six weeks. Move the seeds to near freezing conditions (28 to 38ºF) for six to eight weeks, then return to cool conditions (50 to 60ºF). If there is no germination after several weeks, repeat the heating and cooling steps a second time.
How do I grow yellow corydalis? Yellow corydalis grows well in either sun or light shade. It prefers well-drained soil and does best with good moisture during hot weather. However, it does not tolerate wet soils during winter. Yellow corydalis likes ordinary to rich, humusy soil, but tolerates drier, gravelly soil and sandy loam to clay as well. In heavier, wetter soils, shallow planting may help yellow corydalis survive Wisconsin's harsh winters. Yellow corydalis is relatively insect pest and disease-free.
How do I use yellow corydalis most effectively in my garden? Yellow corydalis can be extremely attractive when used to edge borders or walkways. In rock gardens, cottage and woodland gardens, it is a good filler and may naturalize. It will grow well in stone walls in cool conditions. Yellow corydalis combines well with bleeding heart (Dicentra spectabilis), lady's mantle (Alchemilla mollis), lungwort (Pulmonaria spp.), foam flower (Tiarella spp.), hosta (Hosta spp.), leopard plant (Ligularia spp.), and many other perennials in a shade garden. Try yellow corydalis in sunny areas under taller plants like peonies (Paeonia spp.) or daylilies (Hemerocallis spp.).
Garden Now
With all the snow and cold outside, don't forget about your houseplants. Tips from the experts:
Cooperative Extension University of Wisconsin-Extension


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- Fixed the X driver's composition pipeline (used, e.g., for X desktop rotation, "ForceCompositionPipeline", and some OpenGL Swap Group configurations) to correctly preserve color precision in depth 30.
- Fixed a bug that could cause X clients to crash when closing display connections to the X server.
- Fixed a bug that could cause the X server to configure DisplayPort Multi-Stream Transport displays in an inconsistent order.
- Improved the memory allocation strategy in nvidia-modeset.ko to reduce the likelihood of out-of-memory errors, which typically manifest as "page allocation failure" messages in the kernel log.
- Fixed a performance regression in the NVIDIA X driver which affected some X11 RENDER extension use cases.
- Added AMD Secure Memory Encryption compatibility.
- Fixed a bug where glGetGraphicsResetStatusARB would incorrectly return GL_PURGED_CONTEXT_RESET_NV immediately after application start-up if the system had previously been suspended.
- Fixed a regression that allowed displays to enter DPMS mode even when DPMS is disabled in the X server settings.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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No Sign of Superbugs in Isolated Polar Bears
(HealthDay News) -- Scant evidence of antibiotic-resistant superbugs has been found in the droppings of Arctic polar bears that are isolated from humans, potentially suggesting that humans are responsible for the spread of such germs in the animal kingdom at large.
"The presence of antibiotic resistance genes has previously been described in bacteria taken from the feces of deer, foxes, pigs, dogs and cats," study researcher Trine Glad, of the University of Tromso in Norway, said in a news release. But the researchers wondered if the germs would show up in the Barents Sea area, where humans are rare.
In an examination of fecal samples and rectal swabs that were taken from 10 polar bears in 2004-2006, the researchers looked for genes that make germs resistant to antibiotics.
"This enables us to study an ecosystem with little human impact and should allow us to determine whether these genes are naturally occurring or are caused by exposure to human antibiotics," Glad explained in the news release.
The researchers found little sign of germs that have some immunity to antibiotics, according to their report, published Jan. 14 in the online journal BMC Microbiology.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides information on antibiotic resistance. _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Here we are, the first snowstorm of the year and it's a big one. Are your kids off? Or are they still required to log on for remote learning?
Since the pandemic has begun, our children now have the ability to attend school from the comfort of their own home. One thing that I loved as a kid was snow days. They were the best, spend the entire day sledding with your friends, and at some point, throughout the day someone's mom made hot chocolate for everyone.
Nowadays, with remote learning in place, many districts have opted to not have snow days and rather have kids just log on from home. I mean, I get it, being able to do school remotely, there is no need for snow days. However, as a kid, the excitement that goes along with the anticipation of a snow day is something that every kid deserves to experience.
Luckily, my children's school district has decided to keep snow days this year. Our superintendent said "Snow days will be the most normal thing this year" and I really appreciate that. My kids have the day off for the storm and they can build a snowman, go sledding and just have fun in the snow. This year has been so hard on our kids, and the least we can do is give them a day to enjoy something during a year that has taken so much away.
To any districts that have taken snow days away from our kids, shame on you. You were young once, just think back and remember how fun those snow days once were. Have a heart and let these kids enjoy themselves.
5 Essential Items For Winter


Product Code: FDBS-OL14
About the Author: Bruce A. Nunnally, CPA
Carr, Riggs & Ingram, LLC
Miramar Beach, FL
Category: Accounting and Auditing
Vendor: Florida Institute of CPAs
Format: **Online**
Price: $35.00 members, $45.00 non-members
CPE Credit: 2 hours of Accounting & Auditing
NASBA Fields of Study: Auditing, Specialized Knowledge and Applications
Level: Basic
Prerequisite: Some familiarity with fraud prevention, deterrence, and detection.
Advance Preparation: None
Related Courses: None
Learning Objectives:
After viewing this presentation, participants will be able to:
1. Identify the two types of financial fraud.
2. List the components of internal control.
3. List the limitations of internal control.
4. Describe how the three fraud indicators intersect.
5. Describe the three components of a comprehensive antifraud program and provide examples of each.
6. Identify the control weakness and audit approach that could mitigate fraud in real-life examples.
Description: This course reviews the basics of fraud and then analyzes actual fraud cases from the standpoints of internal controls, fraud detection, and fraud prevention.


The Magazine
Over There
A historian hears the echoes of the Great War.
Dec 8, 2008, Vol. 14, No. 12 • By ANDREW NAGORSKI
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The Summer the Archduke Died
On Wars and Warriors
by Louis D. Rubin Jr.
Missouri, 184 pp., $24.95
Only death is inevitable. Short of that nothing is inevitable until it happens, and everything is inevitable once it has happened. The historian deals with past events and therefore to him all history is inevitable. But these past events were once in the future and then they were not inevitable.
-- A.J.P. Taylor
In The Summer the Archduke Died, Louis D. Rubin Jr. infuses his elegant, absorbing collection of review essays with Taylor's credo. He explains not only the vagaries of history, particularly how we look back at wars and their origins, but also the role of those who led their nations in those decisive moments and how their choices determined the anything-but-predetermined outcomes. A literary critic who spent his career teaching English at the University of North Carolina, Rubin doesn't explicitly answer the question: "Does the man make history, or history make the man?" But there's no doubt that he's in the "man makes history" school.
Rubin was always fascinated by epic conflicts. Born in 1923 into a Reform Jewish family that had arrived in Charleston in the mid-19th century, he recalls witnessing the last Confederate reunion in Richmond in 1932. Looking back at that event, "I could feel the hair standing up on the back of my neck--seventy-five years ago as I write this." His father was a sergeant in the Marine Corps in World War I, and the "Great War" exerted a similar claim on his imagination.
In the course of his writings, he reflects on his childhood emotions and develops his adult conclusions. As for how those conclusions may apply to the world today, he leaves it to the reader to take that next step, providing plenty of ideas to ponder.
Nowhere is Rubin more convincing than in his exposition on the origins of World War I. In contrast to World War II, where the stakes were clear and Hitler left others no choice but to submit or resist, "the Great War need not and ought not to have been fought," he argues. The primary culprit, in his eyes, was
Kaiser Wilhelm II, whose chauvinistic policies and massive miscalculations amounted to "a catastrophic failure of statecraft." The interlocking system of alliances, ostensibly designed to protect each country, triggered the well-known escalation of local conflicts into a European-wide war. As a result, 10 million men died for no apparent gain.
While explaining the mechanisms that made war appear inevitable, he keeps returning to the theme of the responsibility of those who set up the alliances, dictated the timetables, and triggered the clashes. Times were different then, he points out, with almost no avenues open for negotiations. "No United Nations, no councils or forums were available for extending and broadening discussions and circulating proposals and responses," he writes. Just as he implicitly approves of those kinds of institutions today, his warnings about the dangers of alliances with automatic triggers are clearly meant to convey a contemporary message, arguing for more flexible defense arrangements among allies.
All of which gets back to his thesis about the central role of leadership. Hence his fascination with two men he considers giants of the last century: Theodore Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. Among the striking parallels: "Both were renowned for their furious activity, and apparently both were manic depressives. Both were aristocrats." While he is by no means blind to TR's "touch of megalomania," or his more erratic behavior, he admires his outsized personality.
So, too, with Churchill who "was no stranger to ambition or to egocentricity." True enough, but Rubin keeps the British leader's singular accomplishment in clear focus: recognizing the evil of Nazi Germany early, and then leading his nation in its fight for survival, saving the Western world.
Little wonder that Rubin has no patience for the revisionists of the New Left in the 1960s or a later generation of "young Englishmen of right-wing persuasion" who praise Hitler's appeasers and condemn Churchill, blaming him for allegedly dragging Britain into a war it should have avoided. He icily points out, for example, that John Charmley's 300,000-word biography of Churchill never mentions "Dachau, Auschwitz, Treblinka, etc." The real source of such revisionism, he argues, is frustration with Britain's loss of empire and influence after World War II, allowing the United States to emerge as the new dominant force in the world. In essence, he concludes, the revisionists' arguments amount to "a fond wish that the twentieth century hadn't happened."


text: Learning about the seasons helps children understand the passage of time and teaches them about change. While some seasonal changes are more obvious (like changes in the weather), there are many important subtle differences related to each season, like changes in the type of food that is available. For example, in some parts of the world, winter means shorter days, cooler temperatures, and little or no plant growth. In contrast, spring is full of new life with flowers budding and gardens beginning to grow. The book "Fletcher and the Falling Leaves" by Julia Rawlinson captures the magic of the changing seasons with stunning illustrations. "Hi, Koo" by Jon J. Muth is another great book that addresses the many changes of the season.


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Ever wondered how water agencies know if they will have enough water to serve their communities in the future? Well, one of the ways to help plan for sufficient future water supplies is through the preparation of a document called the Urban Water Management Plan.
Every five years, California law requires all water providers that serve more than 3,000 connections or supply more than 3,000 acre-feet of water roughly 1 billon gallons per year to perform an evaluation and prepare an Urban Water Management Plan. The main purposes are for long-term water resource planning and to ensure adequate supplies are available for current and planned future demand.
Demonstrating than an agency is meeting specified water conservation measures is an important component. Failure to produce an acceptable plan jeopardizes an agency's ability to receive state grants.
Locally, the Scotts Valley Water District, San Lorenzo Valley Water District, Santa Cruz Water Department, Soquel Creek Water District and the Watsonville Water Department will be preparing their plans over the next several months with a completion goal of July 1. While most water agencies recognize their responsibility to meet both current and future water needs and have long-term plans in place, an Urban Water Management Plan generates analysis and documentation that may not otherwise occur.
Aside from being an opportunity for agencies to take stock of their water supply, the plans provide the public with
Some new components in 2011 are how agencies will meet the state mandate of a 20 percent water reduction by 2020, and how climate change may impact their supply. These are timely subjects. Water conservation continues to play a integral role for most suppliers in response to California's general water scarcity. Climate change can have a double whammy effect upon water resources, causing both a decrease in supply as a result of changes in rainfall and an increase in use due to warmer temperatures.
Be on the lookout in the coming months for your water agency's solicitation for input to their plan, or contact them directly to know when a draft will be available to review. General plan information can be found at the Department of Water Resources website, _URL_
Water is a community resource, and one that is best managed with community input.
Ron Duncan writes a biweekly column for the Sentinel. He is a manager for the Soquel Creek Water District, which offers free visits to homes and businesses and suggests ways to save water. Contact him at _EMAIL_ or call the district at _PHONE_.


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It is not often that a mining company finds itself headlining space publications and astronomy journals, but that is exactly what happened to North American Nickel (NAN-V, WSCRF-O) when the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland announced that the company's Maniitsoq nickel-copper project was the site of the Earth's oldest-known meteorite impact, dating back 3 billion years.
Maniitsoq is located on Greenland's southwestern coast — around 160 km north of Nuuk, the country's capital — and consists of 4,800 sq. km of exclusive exploration licences. Data on the site reaches as far back as the 1960s, including geophysical work by Falconbridge and Cominco in the late 1990s.
"What impressed me about the project was that Falconbridge reviewed all 119 drill holes that a company from Denmark had completed in the sixties," chairman and CEO Rick Mark explains. "It's really unusual for a company of our size to get our hands on solid information for a land package that big. Sometimes you see rock sampling, but to have that much historic core was quite something — I mean, it is literally ten years' worth of work."
Historic drill work was completed by a private company from Denmark called Kyrolitselskabet Oresund in the mid-1960s, and includes 6,287 metres of drilling at an average depth of 60 metres.
The work focused on exposed sulphide mineralization and associated electromagnetic anomalies. Historic assay results include: 10 metres grading 2.7% nickel and 0.6% copper at the Imiak Hill target in hole 9; 5 metres carrying 2% nickel and 0.43% copper at the Quagssuk target in hole 3; and 13 metres of 2.24% nickel and 0.63% copper at the Fossilik target in hole 1.
Cominco flew a large portion of the Greenland norite belt in 1995 with a Geotem fixed-wing airborne electromagnetic system. The company discovered limited anomalies at the time, though resampling of the historic core by Cominco and Falconbridge demonstrated a relatively high nickel tenor in the sulphides — with Falconbridge's work showing 8% nickel in 100% sulphide. According to Mark the companies were on the right track, but lacked the necessary technologies.
"We looked at the historic airborne data, and figured probably two-thirds of the Cominco stuff wouldn't have seen a thing because they had to fly too high and too fast," Mark comments. "We were sort of familiar with that because we've worked with the Geotech's VTEM system in the past, and we've told the 'low and slow' story with helicopter technology for years. So with the helicopter-born electromagnetic technology and modern computing power, suddenly these anomalies are popping up."
The story's focus shifted slightly following news that North American Nickel was sitting on a major meteor impact site. Anyone familiar with the Sudbury basin in Ontario can attest to the potential geological implications of a large-scale meteoritic event. Major mining outfits like Vale (VALE-N) and Xstrata (XTL-L, XSRAF-O) are still active in what has become one of the richest mineral jurisdictions in the world for nickel-copper and platinum group metal deposits.
"What we ended up looking at was the original thesis of a long-lasting igneous event. We hadn't thought too much about the impact story in the beginning because frankly, we weren't sure the markets would be interested in that side of it," Mark explains. "Of course, it would be interesting to look at something similar to the mineralized camps in the Sudbury basin, but we were worried it would distract from the story. But when we made the announcement it ended up on these space-related websites and all over the place, so we're getting some more exposure because it is a neat idea."
To fund its 2012 exploration program, North American Nickel closed a US$3.4-million private placement with Sentient Global Resources Fund in late May. Sentient received 20 million units at 17¢ per share.
The company's first step was to complete helicopter-flown VTEM surveys. North American Nickel received the results from its airborne geophysical work on July 24, and found that Maniitsoq contained 50 conductive zones, many with promising strike lengths. The company identified 12 high-priority zones it intends to target in a drill program scheduled for mid-August.
"The nickel tenure graph is strictly diagonal, which means it is consistent across the entire seventy-five kilometres," Mark concludes. "Now, at sixto eight-percent nickel, that can only happen if there are multiple events contributing to the structure. We're seeing some light nickel mineralization at surface, and according to our model the mineralization should drop. And sure enough, one hundred sixty metres down there are three football-field sized anomalies sitting there, and we're hoping for nickel sulphide."
Mark says working in Greenland is similar to working in the Canadian Arctic, though he is quick to point out that transporting fuel and supplies to camp is easier because of the area's nearby international airport, and the regional port is ice free year-round. The company has a four-month exploration window similar to operations in the Canadian North, though it's possible to set up winter camps and extend work to 10 months, if the project moves to more advanced stages.
North American Nickel maintains a tight share structure with the Sentient group and VMS Ventures (VMS-V, VMSTF-O) — a company exploring similar deposits in Manitoba and Ontario that shares much of North American Nickel's geological and management teams — holding nearly 50% of the company's fully diluted position. VMS and Sentient also retain a first right, which lets the companies maintain their share structure.
North American Nickel has bounced around the 12¢ to 18¢ range since early April. The company received a bit of a boost on results from its airborne geophysical results on July 24, when shares jumped 19% to a quarterly high of 22¢ at presstime on above-average, 231,000-share volumes. The company has 77 million shares outstanding for a $10.5-million market capitalization.
© 1915 - 2013 The Northern Miner. All Rights Reserved.


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People who eat fruit before doing their grocery shopping are significantly more likely to make healthier purchasing choices, a new study reveals.
Research carried out by a team from Cornell University shows that eating a small snack prior to food shopping can result in an individual being encouraged to purchase around 25 per cent more fruit and veg than if they had gone to the supermarket on an empty stomach.
This conclusion was reached following three studies, with the first involving 120 shoppers being given either an apple sample, a piece of cookie or nothing at all at the start of their grocery shop.
Following analysis of their purchases, it was found that those who ate fruit before shopping bought an average of 28 per cent more fruit and veg, while customers who had the cookie sample purchased around 25 per cent more than those who had no snack at all. While fruit had the best effect on consumers, it is apparent that any small snack can influence purchasing choices.
Co-author of the studies Aner Tal concluded: 'What this teaches us, is that having a small healthy snack before shopping can put us in a healthier mindset and steer us towards making better food choices.'
The second study saw 56 participants given either a cookie or apple sample before being presented with pairs of food items to purchase. Again, those who had eaten fruit prior to making purchasing choices were significantly more likely to opt for healthier pairs than those who had the biscuit.
Finally, the third part of the research involved 59 individuals being divided into three groups and given different chocolate milk that was labelled as either 'healthy and wholesome' or 'rich and indulgent', with the final group receiving no milk at all.
The participants were then monitored while shopping, with the analysis showing that those who drank the supposedly healthier milk were more likely to make more nutritious choices when shopping.
Combined, the results of the three studies indicate that eating a healthy snack, or thinking they've consumed something nutritious is enough to trigger healthier purchases among grocery shoppers.


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Natural Resource Management
Natural resources can drive corruption and corruption can be a feature of resource management. Learn about the risks and potential strategies to address them.
Natural resources often provide fertile ground for corruption. Since many partner countries in development cooperation are richly endowed with natural resources, these contexts pose special challenges for donor support. Corruption risks cut across resource sectors – from oil and minerals to forests and fisheries. This U4 theme explores these issues to inform donor practice in resource-rich contexts.
This U4 Theme Page will help you, among other things, to:


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Conservation Awards Ireland
Due to current budget restrictions, the Heritage Council is longer in a position to run this Award Scheme.
The inaugural Heritage Council Conservation Award was awarded in 2009 to John Gillis, conservator at the National Museum of Ireland, for his work on the Fadden More Psalter, the remains of an illuminated vellum manuscript which was found in a bog in Co. Tipperary in July 2006. The manuscript is a psalter dating from the 8th century and is the first Irish manuscript to be discovered in over 200 years. It consists of five quires inside a tanned leather cover made from a single piece of skin. It has spent most of its life buried and contains many original features and unusual aspects usually lost to manuscripts above ground due to re-binding and other changes to the structure.
The very poor state of preservation and the unique nature of the find, set a challenge for conservators that included the trial and development of a system to de water the saturated vellum. Other aspects of the project included the difficult and complicated removal of clumps of vellum fragments before separating out and cleaning, which was accompanied by painstaking and detailed recording in order to establish the folio number and to allow collation analysis. Much of the methodology was developed on-site as the nature of the problem was a first in conservation terms. To date conservators have succeeded in drying all of the fragments including the tanned leather cover, which is now dry and stable.
John Gillis believes that the Psalter contains a wealth of new information on a number of levels from art history to palaeography and codicology. The manuscript went on display in the National Museum of Ireland - Archaeology, Kildare Street in July 2011. As a result of the Heritage Council Conservation Award, John Gillis will now be able to conduct further research into the cover of the book, which is unique in a western context and has strong links in both style and materials to Coptic bindings from the 4th century. This in turn brings fresh evidence of the long running debate about the Coptic Church and its pre Patrician influence in Ireland. A television programme, Treasure of the Bogs, on this project was broadcast in September 2010 on RTE 1.


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Large mirrors are typically installed on bathroom walls and in other areas of home such as work out rooms. One problem with these mirrors is they cover up electrical socket receptacles. Instead of covering them up, you can use specialised glass cutting tools to cut out receptacle holes in the mirror. When cutting mirror receptacles, is important to take the proper measurements for the wall outlet so that it aligns precisely with the mirror opening.
Ask one or two assistants to hold the mirror up to the wall in the location where you want to install it. Draw a line around the entire perimeter of the mirror using a pencil. Set the mirror on a flat work surface.
Place a tape measure at one side of the mirror outline on the wall and measure over to the side of the receptacle location. Move the end of the tape measure to the top of the outline and measure down to the top of the receptacle. Write down the exact measurements.
Measure the width and the height of the receptacle box itself. Most standard receptacles are 2 inches wide by 4 inches tall, but non-standard receptacle measurements will vary.
Lay the mirror on a flat work surface and use the tape measure and a dry erase marker to draw the outline of the receptacle box. First measure from the side of the mirror over to the first measurement taken and draw a vertical line. Then measure down from the top of the mirror to the second measurement taken and draw a horizontal line. Finish out the square using the dimensions of the receptacle box.
Put on safety glasses and cut a hole in the centre of the rectangle using a 2-inch diameter tube drill.
Spread 1 tsp of glass cutting oil around the outline of the receptacle on the mirror.
Place a straight edge along one side of the rectangle and hold it down firmly. Place the tip of a glass cutter blade at the end of the line and drag it across the length of the line once using firm pressure. Repeat to cut the remaining three sides of the receptacle.
Turn the mirror over so that back faces upward. Put on work gloves and press your finger firmly along the edge of the scoreline which will be visible.
Turn the mirror back over and position the cutter blade inside the rectangle approximately 1/2 inch from the outer rectangle edge. Move the blade towards the centre of the rectangle until you reach the cutout circle. Repeat to make one cut on each side of the rectangle.
Insert a pair of pliers into the centre of the circle and grasp the edge of the mirror between two of the cuts. Break the mirror downward sharply to remove the mirror section. Repeat to remove the remaining pieces of mirror until you have a clean rectangular receptacle opening.


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Apotheosis of Peter's Military Glory
"Apotheosis of Peter's Military Glory" exalts Tsar Peter the Great (1672–1725) as a wise ruler and military leader. The print shows Peter standing on a pedestal depicting battle scenes, surrounded by portraits of the 33 tsars and grand dukes who ruled Russia from the ninth century to the beginning of Peter's reign in 1682. Labels beneath the portraits provide brief information about each ruler. Behind Peter stretches a chain of maps of the fortresses that he seized in battle. The work was commissioned by the Russian state...


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Oracle 11g – Virtual Columns – to publish derived column values without storing them. And more…
Oracle 11g introduces Virtual Columns. "What do we need Virtual Columns for, aren't real ones more useful?" you might wonder. And what are they to begin with?
A virtual column is a construct that looks like a column when you describe or query a table, when you inspect meta-data, when you define indexes and constraints (except for primary key constraints). If it walks and talks like a Column, doesn't that mean that it is a column? Well, normal columns actually store values. Virtual Columns do not! All they store is their definition. And when indexed, they have values – their expression evaluated – stored in the index. Note: virtual columns can not be set in insert and update statement – no surprise there!
If you are familiar with the concept of Function Based Indexes, you may have seen something that is very close to the Virtual Column (see _URL_ and especially the section One more thing…) – Virtual Columns seem to be little more than the exposure of the the system generated column for a Function Based Index-es.
Virtual Columns are useful in those situations where values derived from the real column values are frequently required, yet would be a denormalization in the data design when implemented as real column. In the EMP table, this applies for example to INCOME (the sum of SAL and COMM), HIREYEAR (the year component of the HIREDATE). Using Virtual Columns will reduce the need for Views to provide derived column values.
Jonathan Lewis (_URL_ ) suggests another good use for Virtual Columns: so we could have the benefit of correct statistics for commonly used expressions without the need to create the index. [ One of the commonest root causes of errors in the calculations made by the Cost Based Optimizer is the use of incorrect data types (e.g. dates stored as numbers). In the past I have occasionally been able to work around such problems by creating "function-based indexes" - which I prefer to call "indexes involving virtual columns".
But if you don't really need (or want) to create new indexes it's a nasty maintenance overhead simply to get improved statistics. With a little luck the 11g implementation will allow us to add virtual columns to existing 3rd party tables in a way that doesn't affect any bad code in the application but allows predicates involving functions to be rewritten by the optimizer as predicates against virtual columns.]
You can use all columns (but not virtual columns) in the table on which the Virtual Column is defined. You can include function calls in the Virtual Column definition, either standard SQL functions or deterministic user defined functions. You can build an index – and therefore also a Unique Constraint – on Virtual Columns.
The easiest example around:
alter table emp ADD (income AS (sal + nvl(comm,0))) /
Here we add a new column INCOME to the EMP table, specifying it as a VIRTUAL COLUMN through the use of AS (column expression).
This column is henceforth available in USER_TAB_COLUMNS, DESC EMP and all queries against EMP.
SQL> desc emp Name Type ------------------------------- EMPNO NUMBER(4) ENAME VARCHAR2(10) JOB VARCHAR2(9) MGR NUMBER(4) HIREDATE DATE SAL NUMBER(7,2) COMM NUMBER(7,2) DEPTNO NUMBER(2) INCOME NUMBER SQL> select empno 2, ename 3, sal 4, comm 5, income 6 from emp 7 / EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM INCOME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH _PHONE_ ALLEN _PHONE_ 7521 WARD _PHONE_ 7566 JONES 2975 2975 7654 MARTIN _PHONE_ 2650 7698 BLAKE 2850 2850 7782 CLARK 2450 2450 7839 KING 5000 5000 7844 TURNER 1500 0 _PHONE_ ADAMS _PHONE_ 7900 JAMES _PHONE_ MILLER _PHONE_ 7788 SCOTT 3750 3750 7902 FORD 3000 3000 14 rows selected.
Updating the salary column automatically'refreshes' the Virtual Column. Well, querying the Virtual Column after the update renders a freshly calculated result:
SQL> update emp 2 set sal = sal * 1.25 3 where ename = 'MARTIN' 4 / 1 row updated. SQL> SQL> select empno 2, ename 3, sal 4, comm 5, income 6 from emp 7 where ename = 'MARTIN' 8 / EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM INCOME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7654 MARTIN 1562.5 _PHONE_.5 1 row selected.
Virtual Columns and Constraints
Perhaps somewhat surprising, Virtual Columns can be used in Check Constraints (Foreign Keys – like Unique and Primary Keys – are also supported.). See here an example:
alter table emp add constraint emp_income_ck check ( income < 8000) / update emp set sal = sal * 2 / update emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.EMP_INCOME_CK) violated
This Check Constraint is enforced whenever INCOME is changed – which is never. Or at least, never directly. However, indirectly is INCOME changed whenever any of the columns in the INCOME Virtual Column Expression changes – SAL and COMM – and for any of those columns, changes will trigger validation of the Check Constraint.
Being able to use a Virtual Column in a Check Constraint means that indirectly we can use user defined functions in Check Constraints! Something check constraints themselves do not allow.
alter table emp ADD (sal_ck AS (income_check(deptno,sal))) / alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_ck check ( sal_ck = 'Y') / prompt this check constraint is almost: income_check(sal, deptno) ='Y', written in a round about way
However, this function is somewhat restricted: the function must be deterministic and it cannot select from table EMP – as it will run into the Mutating Table problem. I thought to resolve that issue by turning the constraint into a deferred one – one that is enforced only at commit time, when the statement is complete and the table is no longer mutating. However, for some reason that does not seem to work. What does work is adding a PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION to the function definition. Unfortunately, that means that function cannot see the changes made in the transaction that triggers the check constraint.
rem even deferred check constraints on virtual columns will immediately call the user defined function alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_ck check ( sal_ck = 'Y') INITIALLY DEFERRED DEFERRABLE / update emp set sal = 7000 where sal = 5000 / SQL> update emp set sal = sal+1 2 / update emp set sal = sal+1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-04091: table SCOTT.EMP is mutating, trigger/function may not see it ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.INCOME_CHECK", line 10
Foreign Key on Virtual Column
Suppose we have a reorganization of the DEPT table: Departments 10-25 are in one table – DEPT_US – and other Departments are in table DEPT_ROTW. This means that we can no longer define a Foreign Key on DEPTNO. However, we can create virtual columns DEPTNO_US and DEPTNO_ROTW like this: case when deptno<= 30 then deptno end and case when deptno> 30 then deptno end and then define foreign keys to DEPT_US and DEPTNO_ROTW on those two virtual columns. I know, it is an odd scenario, but one easily pictured and therefore helpful to illustrate the concept.
create table dept_us as select * from dept where deptno<25 / alter table dept_us add constraint dept_us_pk primary key (deptno) / create table dept_rotw as select * from dept where deptno>25 / alter table dept_rotw add constraint dept_rotw_pk primary key (deptno) / alter table emp add (deptno_us as (case when deptno<25 then deptno end)) / alter table emp add (deptno_rotw as (case when deptno>25 then deptno end)) / alter table emp add constraint emp_deptno_us_fk foreign key (deptno_us) references dept_us (deptno) / alter table emp add constraint emp_deptno_rotw_fk foreign key (deptno_rotw) references dept_rotw (deptno) / update emp set deptno = 40 where deptno = 20 / delete from dept_rotw where deptno = 40 /
Another far fetched example is the implementation of a business rule that states: we do not want to hire employees in years that we not already have people hired in. One wonders how you can hire people in the past, but it is just an example of what foreign keys on virtual columns can be used for.
First we create a Materialized View with the values of years in which we have hired employees. Then we define a Unique Key – referencable by a foreign key – on this Materialized View. Then we define a Virtual Column HIREYEAR on Table EMP


Original article
Scand J Work Environ Health 2021;47(1):42-51 pdf full text
Occupational exposure to organic dust and risk of lymphoma subtypes in the EPILYMPH case–control study
by Cocco P, Satta G, Meloni F, Pilia I, Ahmed F, Becker N, Casabonne D, de Sanjosé S, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, 't Mannetje A, Zucca M, Ennas MG, Campagna M, De Matteis S, Benavente Y
Objectives This study aimed to estimate the risk of lymphoma and its major subtypes in relation to occupational exposure to specific organic dusts.
Methods We explored the association in 1853 cases and 1997 controls who participated in the EpiLymph case–control study, conducted in six European countries in 1998–2004. Based on expert assessment of lifetime occupational exposures, we calculated the risk of the major lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to six specific organic dusts, namely, flour, hardwood, softwood, natural textile, synthetic textile, and leather, and two generic (any types) groups: wood and textile dusts. Risk was predicted with unconditional regression modeling, adjusted by age, gender, study center, and education.
Results We observed a 2.1-fold increase in risk of follicular lymphoma associated with ever exposure to leather dust [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–4.20]. After excluding subjects who ever worked in a farm or had ever been exposed to solvents, risk of B-cell lymphoma was elevated in relation to ever exposure to leather dust [odd ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% CI 1.00–4.78], but it was not supported by increasing trends with the exposure metrics. Risk of Hodgkin lymphoma was elevated (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.95–4.30) for exposure to textile dust, with consistent upward trends by cumulative exposure and three independent exposure metrics combined (P=0.023, and P=0.0068, respectively).
Conclusions Future, larger studies might provide further insights into the nature of the association we observed between exposure to textile dust and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.
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I'm having problem with an SqLite and metro8 application. How can i execute a query (Select) on the SqLite database?
Insert work fine (its just db.Insert(something)), but have no idea how to select values that where just inserted.
var db1 = new SQLite.SQLiteConnection(dbpath);
there is a method called :
db1.Execute(TableMapping map, string query, params object args)
But what are the tablemapping and params arguments in that method?
Thank you for any answer!


Whose Level of Service is the City Protecting? by Greg Hayes
Sometimes walking in San Francisco doesn't feel right. The urge to jaywalk and the quick analysis: when is the light going to change? Can I make it alive across these four lanes of speeding cars? The light finally changes, but it is not that easy. It is not uncommon that, thanks to the standard traffic engineering, pedestrians and bicyclists are forced to wait through two signal cycles in order to pass through one intersection. You start to suspect that pedestrian and bicycle movements are considered second class
Your suspicion is probably correct. The vast majority of the city's surface street space is judged by its ability to move motor vehicles, through the use of a rating system known as the Level of Service (LOS). This national standard measures the amount of automobile traffic a roadway can accommodate "without undue delay, hazard or restriction to the driver's freedom to maneuver."
The idea can be seen as something of a motor vehicle user's bill of rights, in which the driver's "freedom to maneuver" is the central concern. Basically, one type of citizen - a person driving a car - has more access to the public-right-of-way than any of its other users.
The LOS works like this: a roadway has a certain capacity of automobiles it can sustain before delay, hazard, and maneuvering ability are compromised to an unacceptable level. The successive stages of traffic dysfunction are assigned a letter rating which is set upon average delay time for cars. The best-case scenario is LOS A, with minimal delay times, etc. The worst is LOS F which indicates "forced flow" - basically the stage before total gridlock occurs. When roadways drop below failing level to LOS E, they fail the standard's appraisal, perhaps prompting a road widening, cutting the sidewalk back, or rejecting a proposed bike lane.
2 views of "forced flow" at the Panhandle to Golden Gate Park bike/pedestrian path.
Consider the double-crosswalk design of Stanyan and the Panhandle bikeway where ped/bike traffic seeking to enter the park is forced to wait through two separate light cycles just to maneuver though one intersection. The Golden Gate Park Master Plan and the San Francisco Bicycle Plan both call for a dedicated signal phase specifically designed to carry ped/bike traffic through the intersection in one movement. But the DPT hasn't allowed this for many years. Ask them why and they say because adding a new signal phase for the ped/bike traffic will make the intersection drop below failing LOS levels.
Here's where things really start to get twisted: what the traffic engineers are basically telling the people of San Francisco is that they cannot allow adequate pedestrian and bicycle facilities to be built because they will "cause congestion" and disturb the motor vehicle traffic flow that we are barely maintaining right now. The problem is one of abject, overt discrimination. Vast amounts of public time and space are appropriated and reserved for one mode of movement at the expense of all others. The LOS standard creates and perpetuates this situation and is constantly cited and invoked as means of denying pedestrian and bicycle facility improvements.
The SFBC will continue to advocate for an LOS-type measurement which actually takes other road users into account. After all, don't we all have the right to move down the street "without undue delay, hazard or restriction?" According to those in charge of our city's streets, apparently not.


Instruction fur die Beobachter an den meteorologischen Stationen im Preussichen Staate
Collection Name: Scott Skinner Collection
Creation Year: 1847
Summary: This is a collection of three training documents, instruction for the observers at the meteorological stations in the Prussian state, a how to use equipment and record data. From what we can tell, there are three versions, the first in "old German" which is not dated, the second in 1847, with a commentary by Dr. Wilhelm Malmann, and the third (which appears to be a revision of the other two, dated 1858. Written in German, collected by Hans Snoek.
Type: Document
PDF Files:
Geographic: Germany
Significance: Scientific


text: Mr. Best is a Distinguished Research Engineer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Space Science and Engineering Center, where he served as Technical Director for nearly 20 years. He has a long history developing and deploying scientific instruments for ground, aircraft, and spaceflight applications. At SSEC he served as Lead Mechanical Engineer for the Hubble Space Telescope High Speed Photometer and the Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer (Space Shuttle Attached Payload, Mission STS-54), as well as the pioneering High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) high-altitude aircraft instrument. He served as program manager and lead mechanical systems engineer for the Net Flux Radiometer (NFR) on the Galileo Entry Probe to Jupiter. He then served as program manager and lead mechanical systems engineer for UW-SSEC's high resolution infrared spectrometer-based programs, and related field campaigns. Pioneering instrument developments include: the ground-based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and the Scanning HIS, which flies on multiple platforms, including the NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. Mr. Best then served as program manager and technical lead for the On-Board Radiance Calibration System for NASA's Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS). Based on this foundational work, under internal R&D funding, Mr. Best invented a novel scheme to provide an absolute temperature calibration scale on-orbit, using melt signatures from small quantities of different reference materials. He served as the lead investigator on a NASA Incubator program that advanced this technology for use on NASA's climate benchmark mission called CLARREO. Mr. Best continues to work on advanced technologies and techniques for use in the next generation of weather and climate satellite missions.


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Karthik Muralidharan is an Associate Professor in the Economics Department at University of California, San Diego. His research focuses on improving education and health in developing countries. He has studied the impact of performance-pay for teachers, the impact of contract teachers, and the impact of cash grants to schools on student learning outcomes in India via large-scale randomized evaluations. Current projects include studying the impact of school choice programs in India, and the impact of teacher certification, across the board salary increases for teachers, and continuous teacher training programs in Indonesia.
Karthik earned his PhD from Harvard University and is Co-Chair of J-PAL's Education sector.


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Farming played a role in the subsistence base for the Fremont culture, but there is no consensus as to how significant that role was. Maize is consistently found in Fremont sites, but evidence of wild plant use is also abundant. The use of both domesticates and foraged plants by the Fremont, combined with the diversity of the landscape and sites that were inhabited by the Fremont, contributes to the diversity of theories on Fremont subsistence. This thesis examines evidence for plant usage at Wolf Village, a Fremont site in Utah Valley. Wolf Village is ideally situated for a Fremont farming village. Maize, beans, and wild plant remains were all recovered in the excavation process. In order to better understand the basis of Fremont subsistence there, further research is needed, however, into the economic importance of both the domesticates and the foraged plants, how the foraged foods may have contributed to the subsistence base, and whether the foraged plants were complimentary to a farming lifestyle. The information on plant use at Wolf Village should contribute to a better understanding of Fremont subsistence.
College and Department
Family, Home, and Social Sciences; Anthropology
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Dahle, Wendy, "Macrobotanical Evidence of Diet and Plant Use at Wolf Village (42UT273), Utah Valley, Utah." (2011). All Theses and Dissertations. 2703.
Native Americans, Utah, Fremont, Wolf Village, diet and plant use


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The surname labbel was first used as a surname by the people of ancient French region of Gascogne
. It was a name for a person distinguished by great physical beauty. Interestingly, the name labbel was originally derived from the Old French words la belle, which means beautiful.
Early Origins of the labbel family
The surname labbel was first found in Gascony (French: Gascogne), an area of southwest France bordering Spain
, that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution, where they held a family seat
in the honor of the seigneurie of De Labels, a village in the Basses-Pyrénées in the arrondisement of de Mauléon.
The Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae also lists Le Bel in Normandy in 1189. CITATION[CLOSE]
The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X) One of the earliest notables of the family was Jean Le Bel (c. _PHONE_), a Flemish chronicle and soldier. He was one of the first chroniclers to write in French instead of Latin. As a soldier, he joined with Jean, Count de Beaumont on his travels to England and Scotland in 1327.
Early History of the labbel family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our labbel research.Another 125 words (9 lines of text) covering the years 1650, 1573, 1674, 1734, 1703, 1696 and 1768 are included under the topic Early labbel History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
labbel Spelling Variations
French surnames were subject to numerous alterations in spelling because of the various cultural groups that inhabited specific regions. Eventually, each region possessed its own local
dialect of the French language. The early development of the French language, however, was also influenced by other languages. For example, Old French was infused with Germanic words and sounds when barbarian tribes invaded and settled in France after the fall of the Roman Empire
. Middle French also borrowed heavily from the Italian language during the Renaissance
. As a result of these linguistic and cultural influences, the name labbel is distinguished by a number of regional variations. The many spelling variations
of the name include Lebel, LeBel, LaBelle, Belle, Bell, Labelle, Label, LaBell, LaBel, LeBelle, LeBaile, LaBaile, Lebaile and many more.
Early Notables of the labbel family (pre 1700)
Notable amongst the family at this time was Firmin Lebel (d. 1573), French composer and choir director; Alexis-Simon Belle (_PHONE_), French painter, member of well known family of painters... Another 29 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early labbel Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the labbel family to the New World and Oceana
In 1643, 109 years after the first landings by Cartier, there were only about 300 people in Quebec. Migration was slow. The fur trade attracted migrants, both noble and commoner. By 1675, there were 7000 French in Quebec. By the same year the French Acadian presence in the Maritimes had reached 500. The French founded Lower Canada, thus becoming one of the two great founding nations of Canada. The family name labbel has made many distinguished contributions in France and New France to the world of science, culture, religion, and education. Amongst the settlers in North America with this distinguished name labbel were Nicolas Lebel who arrived in Quebec from Normandy
in 1657; Pierre Lebel arrived in Quebec from Ile-de-France in 1724; Guillaume LaBelle arrived in Quebec from Normandy


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PhD student position in experimental fluid dynamics
The research in the newly established Multiphase Fluid Dynamics group examines both fundamental and applied questions in various small-scale multiphase fluid phenomena, such as bubble and droplet dynamics and the resulting fast flows. One of our key objectives is to control bubble oscillations to exploit their energy-focusing characteristics. We also develop experimental techniques to observe and characterise high-speed multiphase fluid phenomena optically and acoustically. The group is part of the Institute of Fluid Dynamics, which pursues a broad range of experimental, numerical and theoretical research efforts in a friendly and inclusive environment with state-of-the-art infrastructure.
Bubbles injected into the bloodstream and driven into oscillations with sound waves have numerous applications in biomedical imaging and therapy. These micrometric bubbles are stabilised against dissolution and coalescence by an encapsulating shell, and used as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging. When harnessed correctly, the interesting mechanical and chemical effects associated with their strong oscillations and collapse can be exploited in therapeutic procedures, including drug delivery and thrombolysis. Understanding and controlling their behaviour is essential for minimising unwanted off-target damage and making potential bubble-assisted therapies safer and more precise. However, modelling efforts are challenged by the complexity of the dynamics of these microbubbles due to their deformations, the mechanics of their shell, and the interactions between them, among other factors. We aim to tackle these challenges with the help of idealised experiments.
We seek to appoint a PhD student to conduct experimental research addressing open questions on cavitating microbubbles harnessed for biomedical applications. Particular focus will be given to the characterisation and prediction the collapse dynamics of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles under high-amplitude acoustic excitation. You will design your own experimental setup exploiting the state-of-the-art ultra-high-speed imaging and acoustic facilities available in our lab. In addition to research, you will contribute to teaching activities in the institute.
Starting date: 1 September 2020, or earlier. Negotiable.
Duration of appointment: Maximum 4 years.
The requirements include a Masters degree in mechanical or aeronautical engineering, physics, or in a related field. You should be curiosity-driven, creative, open-minded and independent, and have good communication skills, fluency in English and the willingness to fully commit yourself as a part of an international team. You should also have strong interests in experimental fluid mechanics, multi-phase flows, acoustics, and similar. Experience in experimental research is an advantage, but not necessary.
For more information click "LINK TO ORIGINAL" below.
This opportunity has expired. It was originally published here:


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How to Grow Scabiosa
From the Latin scabies, itch, for which some of these plants were used as remedies, or from the Latin scabiosus, rough or scurfy, referring to the grey felting on the leaves of some species (Dipsacaceae). Scabious. This genus of 100 species of hardy biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, mainly from the Mediterranean region, gives a number which are good decorative plants for the garden. The three species which are British native plants, Scabiosa arvensis, S. columbaria and S. succisa, are among the prettiest-flowering wild plants and are quite suited to garden cultivation. S. succisa, the devil's bit, is especially good as it has flowers of a bright blue colour. In the plants in the Dipsacaceae family the so-called flower is made up of a large number of small florets gathered into a head, or capitulum; somewhat as in Compositae.
Perennial species cultivated S. arvensis (syn. Knautia arvensis), field scabious, 1 foot, flowers bluish-lilac, July—August, Europe (including Britain). S. caucasica, 1-1.5 feet, flowers mauve, blue or white, June to October, Caucasus; vars. 'Clive Greaves', flowers mauve, large; 'Miss Willmott', large, white; 'Moonstone', large, lavender-blue. S. columbaria, 1-2 feet, lilac or blue-purple, July to September, Europe including Britain. S. graminifolia, 9 inches, leaves narrow, silvery-white, flowers pale mauve to rose, summer, southern Europe. S. ochroleuca, 2 feet, yellow, July to November, southeastern Europe; var. webbiana, 6 inches, flowers creamy-white. S. succisa (syn. Succisa pratensis), devil's bit, 1-2 feet, blue-purple or white, July to October, Europe including Britain.
Cultivation These plants all do well in chalky or limy soil, which, however, should be enriched. S. caucasica is suitable for the herbaceous border, but
may also be gram to supply cut flowers, for which purpose its long clean stems make it very suitable. These plants should be lifted and divided every three or four years, moving them in spring as disturbance in autumn can kill them. S. craminifolia and S. ochroleuca webbiana are suitable for the rock garden. S. atropurpurea can be raised from seed sown in February or March in a temperature of 60°F (16°C). Plant out the seedlings in May to flower as annuals,
for later disturbance (July) will cause them to behave as biennials. In the latter case, over-winter them in a cold frame and plant out in April. They are good for cutting. Other species may be propagated by division of the clumps in March.


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After days of protests, a city in the southwestern Chinese province of Sichuan has relented and decided to halt construction of a molybdenum and copper plant. Thousands of demonstrators in Shifang, a city of about a half-million people, had massed on the streets since Sunday to express concern about the potential environmental impact of the plant. Environmental worries have become a leading cause of public protest in China, and in some cities residents have blocked projects after mass displays of discontent.
The Shifang protests were closely followed on Chinese microblogs, particularly once they turned violent on Monday. Some protesters damaged local government offices, and police used clubs, tear gas and stun grenades to disperse demonstrators. State media reported at least 13 people were injured. On Tuesday, perhaps realizing that their tough response was doing little to dampen locals' fears, Shifang authorities announced that work on the plant would be halted. "Shifang will henceforth not continue construction on this project," Shifang's Communist Party secretary Li Chengjin said in a statement posted on the city's website. The city had argued that the $1.6 billion plant, a project of Sichuan Hongda, one of China's leading smelters, was safe and met all necessary environmental requirements. It even noted earlier in the week, as protests flared, that copper and molybdenum were both essential elements for human nutrition, and that copper was one of the earliest metals used by humans. But those arguments failed to calm fears of possible leaks of harmful by-products, including arsenic. "We can't leave," read one petition that called for citizens to take to the streets. "But heavy-metal pollution is extremely dangerous to humans."
Shifang was one of the areas badly hit by the deadly 2008 Sichuan earthquake, which killed at least 69,000 people, and the Sichuan Hongda plant was seen by the local government as a key development project and part of a long process of rebuilding after the widespread destruction four years ago. But the earthquake also reinforced fears of the susceptibility of industry to damages and the possibility of dangerous leaks after a natural disaster. The 2008 earthquake destroyed two chemical plants in Shifang, which forced 6,000 people to evacuate after 80 tons of ammonia leaked.
The local authorities also said those organizing protests would be punished, and they also tried to weaken the demonstrators politically, saying their actions fueled support for the banned Falun Gong spiritual movement and the Dalai Lama, the exiled Tibetan spiritual leader whom Beijing opposes. But for support, protesters could look to a series of NIMBY (not in my backyard) demonstrations around the country in recent years by average citizens who fear the harmful environmental effects of large plants in their cities. In 2007, residents of the coastal Fujian city of Xiamen took to the streets to block construction of a paraxylene plant. The chemical, also known as PX, is used in making plastics and can be harmful to humans after prolonged exposure. Last year more than 10,000 people marched in Dalian to voice concerns about a PX plant in that northeastern port city after a tropical storm breached a seawall, revealing potential vulnerabilities. The Dalian government said the plant would be moved, but earlier this year CNN reported that it had resumed production.
(MORE: The Cult of Apple in China)
Likewise, the victory by protesters in Shifang could prove temporary. In his statement ordering a halt to construction of the plant, party secretary Li denied that there were any legitimate concerns about the project and instead blamed resistance on a lack of understanding by residents. "Because our early propaganda work wasn't well done, it led to the masses not understanding, not comprehending and not supporting this project," Li, the top local official, said. He concluded by asking "the masses to exhibit reasoned restraint, believe the party committee and the government can properly settle this matter according to the law."


Jethro's Braindump
The Bias-Complexity Tradeoff
Training data can mislead the learner, and result in overfitting. To overcome this problem, we can restrict the search space to some hypothesis space \(\mathcal{H}\). This can be seen as introducing prior knowledge to the learning task. Is such prior knowledge necessary?
The No-Free-Lunch Theorem
The No-Free-Lunch theorem states that for binary classification tasks, for every learner there exists a distribution on which it fails. We say that the learner fails if, upon receiving i.i.d. examples from that distribution, its output hypothesis is likely to have a large risk, whereas for the same distribution, there exists another learner that will output a hypothesis with a small risk. In other words, every learner has tasks on which it fails while others succeed.
Therefore, when approaching a particular learning problem, defined by some distribution \(D\), we should have some prior knowledge on \(D\). One type of such prior knowledge is that \(D\) comes from some specific parametric family of distributions. Another type of such prior knowledge is that there exists \(h\) in some predefined hypothesis class \(H\), such that \(L_D(h) = 0\).
Error Decomposition
we can decompose the error of an \(ERM_H\) predictor into two components as follows. Let \(h_S\) be an \(ERM_H\) hypothesis. Then we can write:
\begin{equation} L_D(h_S) = \epsilon_{\textrm{app}} + \epsilon_{\textrm{est}} \end{equation}
where \(\epsilon_{\textrm{app}} = \textrm{min}_{h\in H} L_D(h)=\), and \(\epsilon_{\textrm{est}} = L_D(h_S) - \epsilon_{\textrm{app}}\).
The approximation error is the minimum risk achievable by a predictor in the hypothesis class. This term measures how much risk we have because we restrict ourselves to a specific class (how much inductive bias we have). This approximation error does not depend on the sample size, and is solely determined by the hypothesis class chosen.
Under the realizability assumption, the approximate error is zero. In the agnostic case, the approximation error can be large (it always includes the error of the Bayes optimal predictor).
The estimation error is the difference between the approximation error and the error achieved by the ERM predictor. The estimation error results because the empirical risk (training error) is only an estimate of the true risk.
Since our goal is to minimize the total error, we face a tradeoff, called the bias-complexity tradeoff. Choosing \(H\) to be a very rich class decreases the approximation error, but may increase the estimation error, as a rich \(H\) might lead to overfitting. Learning theory studies how rich we can make \(H\) while still maintaining reasonable estimation error.
Links to this note


too warm makes it hard to sleep.
As if lying down and the possibility of feeling some acid reflux wasn't enough, spicy foods can make it all worse. The acidity can even make it harder for people with sleep apnea to catch some zzz's, because it may irritate the airways.
It's no secret that being warm often makes it harder to sleep. Researchers even theorized that maybe an increase in body temperature after eating extremely spicy food affects sleep quality. Tabasco sauce, for example, has an ingredient that can stimulate the metabolism.


Page last updated at 12:41 GMT, Thursday, 1 April 2010 13:41 UK
Census Day climax for 2010 US population survey
Truck shows Portrait of America - part of a road tour informing people about the US census
The results of the census are used to allocate funds and Congressional seats
The 2010 US census reaches a climax on Thursday with Census Day, the deadline for all households in the country to return their census form.
More than 50% of people have already returned their form, but the government is looking to boost that number with a series of rallies across the country.
The census results are used to allocate federal funds and congressional seats.
Hispanics, who in the past have shunned the count, have been targeted in adverts to ensure they respond.
This week, several regions are being urged to step up their response, including five states with higher shares of minority or indigenous populations that ranked at the bottom: Alaska, New Mexico, Louisiana, New York and Texas.
Some $400bn (£251bn) of federal money is allocated according to the population in each of the country's 50 states, as well as the number of each state's seats in the US House of Representatives.
US households were sent a 10-question form in March, which includes questions on how many people live in one household, who they are and what type of home they live in.
There are an estimated 12 million people who are in the US without the right legal documents, eight million of whom are thought to be Hispanic.
Many fear if they fill out the census, the information will be given to the immigration service and they will be deported.
But nearly nine out of every 10 Hispanics intend to participate in the census, according to a survey released by the Pew Hispanic Center on Thursday.
Overall, about 85% of Hispanics say they have already sent their census form or will definitely do so.
But among immigrants, the rate increases to 91%, compared to 78% for US-born Hispanics.
So immigrants were more likely to say the government count was good for their community and that personal information would be kept confidential, the poll said.
The Census Bureau has been reinforcing that message, with TV adverts aimed at the Hispanic community, emphasising people's private information will not be shared.
But the National Coalition of Latino Clergy and Christian Leaders (Conlamic), which says it represents 20,000 churches in 34 states, has suggested a Hispanic boycott of the census to protest against the lack of action on immigration.
The Census Bureau will continue to accept posted forms for the rest of the month, and from May until July will send census takers to households that have not replied.
This is the 23rd edition of the census, which has been held every 10 years since 1790.
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NASA Radar to Study Hawaii's Most Active Volcano
An airborne radar developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., has returned to Hawaii to continue its study of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii's current most active volcano.
The Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar, or UAVSAR, mounted in a pod under NASA's G-III research aircraft from NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif., returned to Hawaii's Big Island on Jan. 7. The one-week airborne campaign will help scientists better understand processes occurring under Earth's surface at Kilauea.
UAVSAR uses a technique called interferometry that sends pulses of microwave energy from the sensor on the aircraft to the ground to detect and measure very subtle deformations in Earth's surface.
The radar will collect data over Kilauea from an altitude of about 41,000 feet (12,500 meters). UAVSAR previously studied the region in January 2010 and May 2011. Those two sets of observations successfully imaged the surface deformation caused by the March 2011 fissure eruption in Kilauea's east rift zone.
Flights this month will trace the same path as the two previous years to measure deformation of the volcano since the March 2011 eruption and as part of future studies of the volcano's changing deformation patterns due to volcanic activity.
For more information, visit: _URL_
. For more on UAVSAR, visit: _URL_
JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.Alan Buis _PHONE_
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.


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SMOKING CIGARETTES: HEALTH LESSON
Warn your students of the health dangers of smoking cigarettes with this ready-to-use presentation and student assignment.
INCLUDED IN YOUR PURCHASE
- A 23 slide Powerpoint presentation that teaches students about the dangers of smoking and nicotine use. The lesson includes discussion questions and activities to show students how many people die from smoking, the financial cost, as well as lots of other detailed information.
- A printable assignment for students to complete. They must find an old smoking advertisement and analyze it based on the two pages of questions provided.
This is great for a health or science class and the students are always incredibly engaged! Hopefully it will encourage students to quit smoking, or better yet - never start!
***PLEASE NOTE: The presentation used in this resource is the same presentation included in the following resource: SMOKING PRESENTATION SMOKING PRESENTATION***
WHAT TEACHERS ARE SAYING ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
♥ Thank you for the resource. My students had many questions and they enjoyed how well thought out this resource was. Thank you!
♥ This was exactly what I needed to give my students facts about tobacco use!
♥ Great way to meet my Safe School/Drug Free documentation needs.
© Presto Plans


Sensory Language
Sensory Language Definition
Sensory Language is a word(s) used to invoke mental images and visualize the story or poem. While Imagery is a literary device that appeals to the reader's senses, Sensory Language is a writing style and how the writers use the words to create images for the readers. The writers present their emotions, thoughts, and ideas in a way that they tempt the reader's imagination. Although it is often inserted to uplift the reader's imagination, it and plays a vital role in advancing the story or enhancing a poem.
Literally, sensory language is a phrase of two words; sensory and language. It means using language to create mental pictures that appeal to the sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
Examples of Sensory Language from Literature
Example #1
 I Know Why the Caged Birds Sings by Maya Angelou
"But a bird that stalks
Down his narrow cage
Can seldom see through
His bars of rage
His wings are clipped and
His feet are tied
So he opens his throat to sing.
The caged bird sings
With a fearful trill
Of things unknown
But longed for still
And his tune is heard
On the distant hill
For the caged bird
Sings of freedom."
The poem is about the racial segregation and social discrimination prevalent in American society against black people. Using the metaphor of free birds, she has put forth the ideas of freedom, liberty, and justice. As sensory language pertains to the five senses, this poem is loaded with different images. The images for example, "free bird" and "back of wind" appeal to the sense of sight and feeling. Similarly, images such as, "orange sun rays" and "throat to sing" appeals to the sense of sight and hearing.
Example #2
 Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
 "A damsel with a dulcimer
In a vision once I saw:
It was an Abyssinian maid
And on her dulcimer she played,
Singing of Mount Abora.
Could I revive within me
Her symphony and song,
To such a deep delight 'twould win me,
That with music loud and long,
I would build that dome in air,
That sunny dome! those caves of ice!
And all who heard should see them there,
And all should cry, Beware! Beware!
His flashing eyes, his floating hair!
Weave a circle round him thrice,
And close your eyes with holy dread
For he on honey-dew hath fed,
And drunk the milk of Paradise."
In Kubla Khan, the poet has artistically captured the alluring beauty of the extravagant palace about which he has read. He has skillfully painted a lively and complete picture of the palace, Xanadu. However, with the use of sensory language, Coleridge has added more to the beauty and grandeur of this majestic palace. This poem is rich with classical words and vivid images such as, "incense-bearing tree" appeals to the sense of smell. "The shadow of the doom of pleasure" that "floated midway on the waves" makes the reader visualize the enchanting scene. Also, the damsel with the dulcimer playing her song "loud and long" appeals to the sense of hearing.
Example #3
 Library of Babel by Jorge Luis Borges
Luis Borges has beautifully presented a metaphorical replica of the universe in this excellent piece of literature. His library is different from the libraries people encounter in the world. A reader can find millions of books no matter they are completed or not. On the one hand, some extracts make sense while on the other hand, it comprises texts that are completely absurd. However, the use of sensory language has added more to the rich description of this endless library. For example, "floors above and below-one after another,", "Twenty bookshelves," and "in turn opens onto another gallery" are the powerful images pertain to the sense of sight.
Example #4
 Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Act-I, Scene-I, Lines 1- 13
First Witch: When shall we three meet again
In thunder, lightning, or in rain?
Second Witch: When the hurly-burly's done,
When the battle's lost and won.
Third Witch: That will be ere the set of sun.
First Witch: Where the place?
Second Witch: Upon the heath.
Third Witch: There to meet with Macbeth.
First Witch: I come, grimalkin!
Second Witch: Paddock calls.
Third Witch: Anon!
ALL Fair is foul, and foul is fair:
Hover through the fog and filthy air.
This is the opening scene of the play, Macbeth, where three witches appear to discuss their next meeting point. They decide to meet Macbeth in an open place where several battles have taken place. Shakespeare has used a cascade of images to set this dramatic scene. For example, "thunder" is used to make the readers conjure up an auditory sense in their mind and words like, "lightening" and "ere the set of sun" appeal to the sense of sight.
Sensory Language Meaning and Function
Sensory language is used to present a graphic presentation of an idea or thought. It provides readers with an opportunity to get absorbed in the text and experience as a character or an action sequence is described using Sensory Language. Also, using sensory details help writers to sketch a vivid experience for the audience.


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Ellipse | IPL Treatments
Ellipse / SWT® Treatments
Intense Pulsed Light
Intense pulsed light, or IPL, is widely used treatment when it comes to cosmetic dermatology. The light therapy procedure treats countless skin issues like uneven skin tone, wrinkles, blemishes, large pores, and redness.
Intense pulsed light therapy is as simple as treating skin with a series of light pulses, customized to your skin's needs. It can be used on the face, hands, or other areas of the body.
IPL is entirely non-invasive, requires no recovery time, and can improve your appearance for up to a year.
What is IPL?
Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a technology used to perform various skin treatments for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes, including hair removal, photorejuvenation(e.g. the treatment of skin pigmentation, sun damage, and thread veins) as well as to alleviate dermatologicdiseases such as acne.
The technology uses a high-powered, hand-held, computer-controlled flashgun to deliver an intense, visible, broad-spectrum pulse of light, generally in the visible spectral range of 400 to 1000 nm. Various cutoff filters are used to selectively filter out lower wavelengths, especially potentially damaging ultra violet light.
The resulting light has a spectral range that targets specific structures and chromophores (e.g. melanin in hair, or oxyhemoglobin in blood vessels) that are heated to destruction and reabsorbed by the body.
IPL shares some similarities with laser treatments, in that they both use light to heat and destroy their targets. But unlike lasers that use a single wavelength (colour) of light which typically matches only one chromophore, and hence only one condition, IPL uses a broad spectrum that when used with filters, allows it to be used against several conditions.
Wrinkle Filler Injections
Wrinkle filler injections are designed to add volume and fullness to areas of skin that have deflated or creased with time and age. Top dermatologists use a number of fillers to accomplish this rejuvenation, based on a client's skin care needs. Some fillers are better for severe forehead wrinkles, for example, while others work best in different areas of the skin.
Wrinkle filler injections are not permanent – their effects last for about six months before you will need another injection treatment to restore smoothness and fullness.
Botox® is a prescription medication and an alternative to wrinkle filler injections. Botox® injections unlike filler injections improves the look of facial lines by temporarily paralyzing the muscles between the eyebrows, on the forehead, around eyes, or around the mouth. As a result, wrinkles appear to diminish.
Like wrinkle filler injections, Botox® is not a permanent wrinkle solution. To maintain your youthful and wrinkel-free visage another injections are required within every three to six months.
IPL (intense pulsed light) hair removal is a known permanent and affordable hair reduction procedure. In some cases, depending on the strength of hair growth IPL hair removal has proved to be strong enough to permanently disable hair growth. Our IPL system will leave your skin smooth and silky while gently removing unwanted hair. With IPL hair removal treatments there will be no need for frequent shaving or painful waxing.
The life cycle of the human hair has four phases. Normally, the hair follicles are not synchronized and therefore hairs in close proximity to one another may be in different phases at the same time. However, hormonal influences following a birth or severe infection may cause synchronization of the hair growth cycle. The four growth phases are:
- Anagen phase: The growing phase of the hair. During early anagen, new hair grows from the hair follicle, pushing out old hair from the hair shaft.
- Catagen phase: The hair bulb is degraded, cell growth and melanin production stops, and the hair bulb is moved upwards to the skin surface.
- Exogen phase: The hair falls out of the hair follicle.
- Telogen phase: The typical resting phase. The length of the telogen phase depends on the anatomical site.
Hair Removal Intervals
The interval between treatments depends on the growth cycle of the hairs in the treatment area. The longer the telogen (resting) phase, the longer the interval between treatments should be. It is most efficient to plan the second treatment as soon as a large number of hairs are in the anagen or growing phase. It makes little sense to perform subsequent treatments before hair has re-grown.
Historically, the 1-2-3 rule has been used to determine treatment intervals:
- 1 Month for the Face
- 2 Months for the Torso
- 3 Months for the extremities
While this is simple, it is not perfect. Consolidating results from numerous users has given the following table:
Note that treatments on male back are unlikely to give total success unless the patient is aged around 30-35 years or older. This is simply because until the age of 30-35 new hair will be created by hormonal changes, as part of the aging process. For male patients under aged 30 it is recommended to offer hair management, a treatment of the existing hair approximately 2 or 3 times per year.
Factors acting directly against the treatment
Patients on topical or systemic steroid medication or onn on-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Ellipse treatments produce a desired low-grade inflammation. Steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs act against such inflammation reducing or negating the effectiveness of the treatment.
- Patients with any disease or genetic condition causing photosensitivity to light with in the range of wavelengths emitted by the Ellipse applicator used, as this increases the likelihood of a burn or violent erythema.
- Patients undergoing treatment with any medication causing photosensitivity to light within the range of wavelengths emitted by the Ellipse applicator used, as this increases the likelihood of a burn or violent erythema. Note that some natural remedies such as St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) cause photosensitivity.
- Patients undergoing treatment with anti-coagulants,as these increase the risk of bruising after treatment. Note that natural remedies containing Gingko biloba have powerful anticoagulant properties.
- Patients suffering from long term diabetes,as diabetes may affect the skin healing process.
- Patients suffering from haemophilia,or other coagulopathies (clotting disorders),as these significantly increase the risk of bruising during and after treatment.
- Patients tending to produce keloids or hypertrophic scars.
- Patients with sun-tanned skin or fever.
- Patients who have received gold injections where there has been some leakage/spillage into the epidermis. This presents as an area of dark grey tissue which will absorb the light energy.
- Permanent make-up (dark colours in particular) will absorb the light energy and the patient may feel a burning sensation (with burns in worst case). These areas will be covered with white paper. This is also the case if the patient has a tattoo.
- There are isolated reports of problems caused by treating over earlier fat injections and some fillers – so users should take extra care in treating of earlier fat injections, or over unknown fillers.
The type or colouring is determined by the amount of pigment (melanin) contained in the skin cells, and this is determined by heredity and race. Skin type is not changed by exposure to sunlight, nor by age. As well as determining the default energy of a treatment, skin type also determines the length of time taken to produce a reaction to that treatment. Darker skin types respond more slowly to intense pulsed light and their therapeutic window for treatment (the zone where a beneficial result occurs without the risk of side-effects) is smaller. This means that the risk of side-effects is higher in darker skin types. It is essential to determine the skin type accurately to assess both the risk of side effects and the response time. The following points should be noted:
- Hair colour may be artificial.
- The patient may be wearing coloured contact lenses.
- The apparent skin colour may be the result of cosmetics or sun exposure.
The actual skin colour is better determined by parting the hair and examining the scalp, since hair normally protects the skin of the scalp from suntan.
Ellipse grades the degree of suntan as: None; Light; Medium; Medium-Heavy; Heavy. In the 30 days before and 30 days after treatment, clients should avoid the sun, or use sun-protection (SPF 50) when sun exposure is unavoidable. This is especially true for darker skinned clients, because sun-exposure increases the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Limiting sun exposure in vascular treatments is especially important as recent exposure (especially exposure recent enough to still give a slight feeling of warmth) can cause significant problems as the warmth increases the size of blood vessels in the skin. This increases the amount of the chromophore haemoglobin present. In the 30 days prior to treatment,do not take solarium, sunbathe or use tanning sprays or a sunbed. This will increase the level of melanin in the skin and make treatments more uncomfortable with an increased risk of side effects.
Physics - light as electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
Put simply, light is just a form of energy, and all laser or intense pulsed light treatments use this energy to do work. The light travels in waves, similar to waves travelling on the surface of a pond.
The Waves on a pond (like sound waves) are a mechanical wave, but light (just like X-Rays or Radio Waves) are slightly different: they are electromagnetic waves (waves of pure energy). The various types make up the electromagnetic spectrum, or spectrum


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Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.
Volume 144, Number 2, June I 2000
|Page(s)||247 - 269|
|Published online||15 June 2000|
Emission line AGNs from the REX survey*
Results from optical spectroscopy
Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
2 Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via Brera 28, I-20121 Milano, Italy
3 Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.
4 Istituto di Radio Astronomia del CNR, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
Send offprint request to: A. Caccianiga, e-mail: _EMAIL_
Accepted: 16 March 2000
We present 71 Emission Line objects selected from the REX survey. Except for 3 of them, for which the presence of an active nucleus is dubious, all these sources are Active Galactic Nuclei (QSOs, Seyfert galaxies, emission line radiogalaxies). In addition, we present the spectra of other 19 AGNs included in a preliminary version of the REX catalog but not in the final one. The majority (80) of the 90 sources presented in this paper is newly discovered. Finally, we present the general properties in the radio and in the X-ray band of all the AGNs discovered so far in the REX survey.
Key words: galaxies: active / galaxies: seyfert / galaxies: starburst / quasars: emission lines / techniques: spectroscopic / surveys
© European Southern Observatory (ESO), 2000


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Fado, urban popular song of Portugal
Inscribed in 2011 (6.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
- Fado, urban popular song of Portugal
- © Argentina Santos 2009 by Luis Carvalhal
Fado is a performance genre incorporating music and poetry widely practised by various communities in Lisbon. It represents a Portuguese multicultural synthesis of Afro-Brazilian sung dances, local traditional genres of song and dance, musical traditions from rural areas of the country brought by successive waves of internal immigration, and the cosmopolitan urban song patterns of the early nineteenth century. Fado songs are usually performed by a solo singer, male or female, traditionally accompanied by a wire-strung acoustic guitar and the Portuguese guitarra – a pear-shaped cittern with twelve wire strings, unique to Portugal, which also has an extensive solo repertoire. The past few decades have witnessed this instrumental accompaniment expanded to two Portuguese guitars, a guitar and a bass guitar. Fado is performed professionally on the concert circuit and in small 'Fado houses', and by amateurs in numerous grass-root associations located throughout older neighbourhoods of Lisbon. Informal tuition by older, respected exponents takes place in traditional performance spaces and often over successive generations within the same families. The dissemination of Fado through emigration and the world music circuit has reinforced its image as a symbol of Portuguese identity, leading to a process of cross-cultural exchange involving other musical traditions.
Decision 6.COM 13.39
The Committee (…) decides that [this element] satisfies the criteria for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, as follows:
- R.1: A musical and lyrical expression of great versatility, Fado strengthens the feeling of belonging and identity within the community of Lisbon, and its leading practitioners continue to transmit the repertory and practices to younger performers;
- R.2: Inscription of Fado on the Representative List could contribute to further interaction with other musical genres, both at the national and international levels, thus ensuring visibility and awareness of the intangible cultural heritage and encouraging intercultural dialogue;
- R.3: Safeguarding measures reflect the combined efforts and commitment of the bearers, local communities, the Museum of Fado, the Ministry of Culture, as well as other local and national authorities and aim at long-term safeguarding through educational programmes, research, publications, performances, seminars and workshops;
- R.4: Fado musicians, singers, poets, historians, luthiers, collectors, researchers, the Museum of Fado and other institutions participated in the nomination process, and their free, prior and informed consent is demonstrated;
- R.5: Fado is included in the catalogue of the Museu do Fado which was expanded in 2005 into a general inventory including also the collections of a wide range of public and private museums and archives.
Inscribes Fado, urban popular song of Portugal on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
© RTP, 2008
These videos (and many more) can also be consulted through the UNESCO Archives Multimedia website


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Instead of having to ask where someone got that purse or those shoes, a picture of the object taken by your smartphone and sent to a 3-D printer could be all you need to have its replica in minutes.
A new camera chip, or nanophotonic coherent imager, developed by engineers at Caltech contains a high-resolution 3-D imager that's said to provide the "highest depth-measurement accuracy of any such nanophotonic 3-D imaging device," according to Caltech.
The chip's effectiveness is all thanks to coherence, an optical term for when two light waves are exactly aligned with one another. When coherent light is reflected off the object, each of the 16 pixels within the chip can evaluate the object's size and distance from the camera.
"Each pixel on the chip is an independent interferometer — an instrument that uses the interference of light waves to make precise measurements — which detects the phase and frequency of the signal in addition to the intensity," Ali Hajimiri, an electrical engineering professor at Caltech who is leading the project, told the Caltech news site.
Since the chip only has 16 pixels at the moment, the images of the 3-D objects cannot exceed 16 pixels. However, the Caltech team has figured out how to divide an object's imaging into four-pixel-by-four-pixel sections, which has allowed them to create a 3-D image of a penny with micron-level resolution so that even the penny's "hills and valleys" are visible despite the fact that the photo was taken 1.5 feet away.
While imaging devices that can scan an object's height, width and depth to make 3-D replicas aren't new, this is the first device that's small enough (it's less than a millimeter in size) and inexpensive enough to be incorporated into personal devices such as smartphones, Hajimiri told the Caltech news site. All that's left is to connect those smartphones to 3-D printers and the replica-making can begin.


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Age: Toddler, Preschool
Space requirements: Open space
- Children sit in a circle.
- One child is "it" and moves around the outside of the circle and taps the other children on the head. The child either says "duck" or "goose" with each tap.
- The child who is tapped as the "goose" chases after the "it" child and tries to tag them before "it" makes it back to the goose's spot.
- Children switch roles and play again.
- Physical skills: running; balancing; spatial awareness
- Non-physical skills: listening and following instructions; critical thinking; problem solving
Adjust the challenge:
- Children walk instead of run.
- Make the circle larger so children have a longer distance to run.


News & Publications
Economic Publications
Netherlands: What is the secret of Dutch trade?
Netherlands: What is the secret of Dutch trade?
The Netherlands are an old trade nation. During the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century, they emerged as a well-known global maritime and economic power, and even had a monopoly on European trade with Japan. Today, although some of this glory has faded, the Dutch economy is still a big player in global trade. In 2018, the Netherlands were the sixth-largest goods exporter in the world. In the service-exports category, the Dutch placed eighth in 20151. Considering exports relative to GDP, the Netherlands took third place in 2015 (right behind Ireland and Switzerland).
However, times have changed. The favourable trade environment has vanished and global trade has lost its momentum. Coface expects world trade to decrease by 0.8% in volume across 2019 as a whole (with a minus of 0.6% QOQ2 in Q3 and a small plus of 0.3% in Q4). So what does slowing global trade mean for the country with the largest port in Europe? How are the Netherlands coping with the increase of protectionism from the United States and China? What does Brexit imply for Dutch trade dynamics? And how will these factors combined affect the Dutch economy? So far, most signs are surprisingly positive…
Download this publication : Netherlands: What is the secret of Dutch trade? (721.51 kB)
Carina REILE
Communications Manager
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