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The Ten Mile Creek State
Fish and Wildlife Area is located in southeastern Jefferson County and
the western sections of Hamilton County. Access to the site can be gained
from rural roads leading from Illinois Route 142 and Illinois Route 14.
The site provides a wide range of outdoor recreation opportunities which
include wildlife viewing, hiking, fishing, target shooting, hunting and
The 5,820 acres comprising
Ten Mile Creek were purchased in 1988, and approximately one third of
the site was strip mined for coal. These areas, all within Jefferson County,
have been reclaimed to varying degrees resulting in some areas being returned
to flat agriculture land and others to steeply sloped areas with many
ponds and lakes. The remainder of the site, which was not mined, is a
mixture of fields and forest bisected by small streams.
The site is divided into
four management units, each consisting of a main area and smaller scattered
tracts. Of these, the Eads Unit (1,550 acres) is located southwest of
the town of Belle Rive, and over 80% of this unit has been mined, which
has left a steep and rugged terrain containing many spoil ridges. Vegetation
has been established to stabilize the soil and provide cover for wildlife.
Next, the Belle Rive Unit (1,460 acres) is located east of Belle Rive,
of which nearly 60% has been strip mined. However, reclamation efforts
have resulted in a more even terrain including seven lakes. In addition,
this unit is bisected by Auxier Creek, and the bottomland areas have not
Of the management units located
in Hamilton County, both contain similar terrain with a level to rolling
topography covered by a mixture of farm fields and forest. The Dahlgren
Unit (1,120 acres) lies south of the village of Dahlgren, and it is bisected
by the Big Creek watershed. This unit contains both upland and bottomland
forest with small ponds in various locations. The Goshen Trail Unit (1,690
acres) is located four miles west of McLeansboro and contains a portion
of the Ten Mile Creek watershed.
The composition of this site
includes the habitat types of cropland (2,600 acres), open non-cultivated
areas (1,640 acres), forest (1,330 acres), and water (250 acres). Portions
of the cropland are enrolled in a tenant lease program to provide wildlife
food and cover and to maintain the fields in an open condition. Crop rotations
include corn, soybeans, wheat, grass-legume seedlings, and one or more
years of idle to conserve the soil and allow wildlife nesting to occur.
The open, non-cultivated areas are mostly mined with succession occurring
to various degrees. Some locations are mainly grassland, while others
are being invaded by brush and trees.
The forested areas consist
of many small woodlots, forested corridors, and fencerows. The largest
wooded area is near 100 acres in size. The composition of species depends
on the location of the forest and includes various oaks, hickories, elm,
cherry, cottonwood, willow, ash, and other species. In addition, old field
and pasture areas contain such species as sassafras and persimmon.
Of the water areas, there
are 25 strip pit lakes from 3 to 45 acres in size located in the Eads
and Belle Rive Units which offer the opportunity for boating and fishing.
Depths of these lakes can reach over 30 feet. Furthermore, small farm
ponds are scattered over the Dahlgren and Goshen Trail Units to provide
wildlife water sources, soil erosion control, and fishing opportunitites.
Fishing is a popular use
of Ten Mile Creek SFWA. Access to the strip pit lakes is provided by gravel
boat ramps and parking areas. The lakes contain populations of largemouth
bass, crappie, bluegill, and catfish. The site specific regulations for
this outdoor recreation include a 14 inch minimum length for bass and
a six per day creel limit for channel catfish. In addition, a 10 horsepower
motor limit is in effect for boating. Fisheries management includes population
surveys and control measures, control of aquatic vegetation, and fish
stocking. The small ponds of the Dahlgren and Goshen Trail Units are stocked
with largemouth bass, bluegill, redear, and channel catfish.
Another favorite activity
is wildlife viewing, especially on the portions that are designated as
Goose Refuge. These areas are closed to all access during the Canada Goose
hunting season to provide a place for migrating ducks and geese to rest
and feed. Management activities include the planting of various crops
as food sources and the construction of shallow water impoundments which
are managed to promote moist soil vegetation. During each fall and winter
tens of thousands of ducks and geese can be observed using the rest area.
Of the wildlife that inhabit
the site, the following species may be hunted in the appropriate season:
cottontail rabbit, bobwhite quail, mourning dove, geese, ducks, deer,
squirrel, turkey, and furbearers.
Special regulations apply to each species. In addition, a Quality Deer
Management program is conducted on the Belle Unit which restricts the
harvest to certain types of deer. All necessary information on regulations
is provided with the hunting permit. Trapping of furbearers through the
use of water sets is also allowed through a seperate permit. For more
Other recreation opportunities
exist at the Hand Trap Range (shotgun use only), Archery Range, and Rifle
Range, all of which are located in the Goshen Trail Unit. Use of the Rifle
Range requires an annual permit which includes the regulations and restrictions.
Equally important, a hiking trail, which menaders through an area of upland
forest, is located in the Goshen Trail Unit.
Ten Mile Creek State Fish
& Wildlife Area is located on IL Rt. 14 east of Benton, IL From I-57,
take exit #71 (Benton) and travel east on IL Rt. 14 a distance of 18 miles
to the site office located on the north side of the highway.
- While groups of 25 or
more are welcome and encouraged to use the park's facilities, they are required
to register in advance with the site office to avoid crowding or scheduling
- At least one responsible
adult must accompany each group of 15 minors.
- Pets must be kept on
leashes at all times.
- Actions by nature can
result in closed roads and other facilities. Please call ahead to the park
office before you make your trip.
- We hope you enjoy your
stay. Remember, take only memories, leave only footprints.
- For more information
on tourism in Illinois, call the Illinois Department of Commerce and Community
Affairs' Bureau of Tourism at 1-800-2Connect.
- Telecommunication Device
for Deaf and Hearing Impaired Natural Resources Information _PHONE_
for TDD only Relay Number _PHONE_.


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Chemists uncover new role of a key base in organic synthesis
By Carol Clark | eScienceCommons | Oct. 15, 2014
An international team of chemists has discovered a new piece to the puzzle of how a powerful base used in organic synthesis, cesium carbonate, plays a pivotal role during a catalytic reaction.
The research, published by the Journal of the American Chemical Society, was led by Jamal Musaev, a theoretical chemist at Emory University, and Ken Itami, an experimental chemist from Nagoya University in Japan. Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China, also contributed to the findings.
Many organic chemistry reactions are acid/base reactions, involving the exchange of positively charged hydrogen atoms. Acids donate the positively charged hydrogen and bases accept it.
The current research focused on the use of cesium carbonate as a base. Cesium carbonate has recently been observed to accelerate a particular class of catalytic reactions, a phenomenon termed the "cesium effect."
The use of cesium carbonate base and carboxylic acids co-catalysts have been shown to be critical in a number of recent carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond functionalization reactions. The full story behind the impact of this base was previously not clear. It was known that the cesium base removed hydrogen protons, or scavenged acidic acid, from the solution, and was also involved in the exchange of ligands during a reaction, but these two factors did not explain the acceleration seen.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Wednesday, July 8, 2020
Watermelon Month
When I was growing up nothing seemed to make the day better than a cold slice of watermelon on a hot day. My dad would often call us to the back yard where he had a large melon waiting on us. There was no silverware or plate needed no we all ate the large slice that we wold receive leaving only the rind behind. Perhaps you have such stories like mine.
Now that you know a bit of my history concerning watermelon let me share a bit of history about the melon itself. Watermelon is thought to have begun around the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. In fact a relative melon still grows there but it is has a bad bitter taste and possesses a lot of seeds. Perhaps it was a surprise to those that first raised watermelon that it tasted so grand because the melon is thought to have been cultivated for the water it possess.
Travelers in ancient days would carry watermelons with them rather than water. It may have been easier to know that there was water in the melon rather than having the water where all could see. Egypt nearly 5,000 years ago was the first recorded use of the watermelon. In fact seeds from a watermelon were found in the tomb of King Tut. Thus for thousands of years the watermelon has been working on its taste getting sweeter as time went on.
The watermelon may have first been cultivated in Africa but thank goodness it did not stay there. China and other parts of Asia by the late 9th and early 10th century had started to grow watermelons as well. There is also thought to be a trade route that went from Egypt to other Mediterranean countries where trading ships helped spread the good taste of the melon. African slaves and British colonist would help originate the watermelon seeds in the United States.
 - more than 1,200 varieties of watermelons are grown all over the world in 96 countries
 - watermelons come in shapes of oval, round as well as flesh colors ranging from yellow to red.
 - watermelon is the most consumed melon in the U.S.
 - July in National Watermelon month
consider sharing this post
 1. I am a huge watermelon fan and even now there is nothing that I want more on a really hot day then some nice cold watermelon.
 2. I had no idea about watermelon being so varied! Thanks, tweeted this post.
 3. There's nothing nicer than eating watermelon on a really hot day so refreshing.


Geoff Gaherty
(_PHONE_) An active Montreal and Toronto Centre member. He received the Chant Medal in 2008.
Born in 1941, Dr. Geoff Gaherty saw a partial solar eclipse on 1946-11-23 from the family's front yard and became a self-professed amateur astronomer in 1957. Beginning with half of a pair of binoculars and then an Edmund Palomar Jr. 11-cm reflector, Geoff scanned the skies as a teenager and began an observing log to document the development of his familiarity with the night sky. As a member of the Society's Montréal Centre, he was fourth to earn the legendary Messier Certificate. Eventually, Geoff mastered every aspect of the traditional observer's repertoire, including sketching lunar scenes and the disk of Mars. During the 1960s Gaherty chaired the Montréal Centre's Lunar Observation programme. In this way, he inspired many members to observe the Moon at a critical time just before the manned landings began. Geoff also participated in Montréal Centre's ambitious program to observe the total solar eclipse of 1963-07-20.
A career built on his B.Sc. from McGill University (1964), M.A. and then Ph.D. (1970) in anthropology, from University of Toronto, precipitated a long hiatus from amateur astronomy. In 1997, Geoff returned with a vengeance, completing the Society's Finest NGC list in March 2001 and the Herschel 400 in April 2006 -- 48 years after his first recorded contribution to that list. He worked his way through the Astronomical League's Double Star Club list. Inspired by fellow Chant Medal winner Richard Huziak, Geoff began observing variable stars and recording his measurements. Another pursuit of Geoff's has been timing central-meridian transits on Jupiter. After years of observing from dark-challenged suburban skies, Geoff moved to a farm near Coldwater, Ontario, in 2005, where the dark skies sing to him. As part of the Toronto Centre's globe-trotting expedition, Geoff observed the total solar eclipse of 2006-03-29 in Libya. Comets that Geoff has seen include Mrkos (1957), Hyakutake (1996), and Hale-Bopp (1997).
He has employed at least 25 different telescopes since his youth, including a 200-mm Cave Newtonian, 150-mm Dobsonian, Jaegers 52-mm f/25 achromatic refractor, Meade 200-mm Schmidt-Cassegrain (one of the first ones made), Celestron CPC 1100 28-cm SCT and a Meade ETX 90 Maksutov-Cassegrain. In recent years, Geoff put some of this aperture under a plastic dome, inside a new SkyPOD at his home. Geoff is an active participant in the amateur astronomical community as a moderator of online discussion groups, and he wrote an online column called "The Sky This Month" for a few years. Since 2006, Geoff has contributed a regular column to the Society's Journal, "Through My Eyepiece." His writing exhibits a thorough but gentle style, almost avuncular. Adding an astronomical item to his professional life, Geoff has also been a consultant for Starry Night Software, and maintains a professional connection to the Royal Ontario Museum.
-from the 2008 Chant Medal citation.
Further Reading
Gaherty, Geoff


Question: Is English The Native Language Of Nigeria?
What is Nigeria English language?
Nigerian English, also known as Nigerian Standard English, is a dialect of English spoken in Nigeria.
Nigerian Pidgin, a pidgin derived from English, is mostly used in informal conversations, but the Nigerian Standard English is used in politics, formal education, the media, and other official uses..
Nigeria boasts of the largest economy in Africa. It is projected to rank among the world's top ten economies by 2050. Nigeria has an abundance of resources including oil and gas. The Country holds the largest natural gas reserves on the continent, and is Africa's largest oil and gas producer.
Where is English second language?
The British Council estimates that more than 1 billion people are learning English as a second language at any given time. English is taught at school as a second language in hundreds of countries all over the world, from France to Thailand, Israel to Malaysia, in Sweden, China, and in many other countries.
Why is English a second language?
English is the World's Second Language That means that one in five people (20% of the world's population) can communicate in English. … And a great deal of communication today in English is held between people who are non-native speakers. English is the common link between many origins and cultures.
What language is mostly spoken in Nigeria?
What's Wahala mean?
Why is English the official language in Nigeria?
Historically, an assimilation of culture emerged wherein English became the language of education as it was the Nigeria's official language. The pull toward English is motivated by the ideology of internationalization, reflecting the dual needs for an interethnic and the international language of superiority.
What is the first language in Nigeria?
Languages of NigeriaOfficialEnglishRegionalIgbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Fulfulde, Ijaw, Edo, Ibibio, Kanuri, Tiv, Nupe and othersSignedNigerian Sign Language Hausa Sign Language Bura Sign Language
How do u say hello in Nigerian?
What is the main religion in Nigeria?
Is English a second language in Nigeria?
English is the language of education in Nigeria. It is the language of instruction from upper primary education, through secondary and tertiary education in Nigeria. The state of English as a Second Language in Nigeria coupled with the numerous roles it plays, compels every Nigerian citizen to learn and to speak it.
Is it safe to visit Nigeria?
Reconsider travel to Nigeria due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, and maritime crime. Some areas have increased risk. Read the entire Travel Advisory.
Who named Nigeria?
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined on January 8, 1897, by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator.
Can I have two first languages?
Yes, it is possible to have more than one native language — it's called simultaneous bilingualism. Your native language is what you have learned from birth, so if someone has learned two languages from birth (or shortly after) to similar degrees of proficiency, then they have two native languages.
What does Oya mean in Nigerian?
What does Omo mean in Nigerian?
Who brought English to Nigeria?
BritishThe use of the English language in Nigeria dates back to the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century when British merchants and Christian missionaries settled in the coastal towns called Badagry, near Lagos in the present day South Western Nigeria and Calabar, a town in the present day South Eastern Nigeria.
What is the difference between Nigerian English and British English?
The Standard Nigerian English is a variety of the English language spoken in Nigeria by educated Nigerians. It is based on the Standard British English but contains some lexicons and similar sentence pattern of the American English due to the increasing contacts of Nigerians with Americans in recent times.


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FREE for a limited time – 6 PEEP and the Big Wide World apps from WGBH, the producers of the animated series of the same name. Major funding for these educational apps is provided by the National Science Foundation. These apps are designed to teach science to preschoolers (3 – 5 years) in a cute, fun way! The games begin simply but become more challenging as kids are successful. Each app also includes a "Try This Anywhere Activity" for you and your children to do together based on the lesson in the app. Your child will LOVE learning with Peep and friends. And you will too!
PEEP and the Big Wide World House Hunt: Kids turn over leaves to pair animals with their homes in a match game that demonstrates that some habitats are home to many different animals.
PEEP and the Big Wide World Hide and Peep: Peep and friends are hiding in the tool shed. This app helps kids practice their observation and memory skills.
PEEP and the Big Wide World Paint Splat: Kids join two quirky characters named Quack & Chirp to experiment with mixing colors in a fun, silly way!
PEEP and the Big Wide World Sounds Like Fun!: Kids explore music and sounds as they mix and match sounds with this app. The characters represent different musical rhythms.
PEEP and the Big Wide World Trash Stash: Kids practice their categorization skills by sorting objects using increasingly sophisticated criteria.
PEEP and the Big Wide World Quack's Apples: Kids roll Quack's apples into a pond – testing and tweaking the design of their route as often as needed. As they play, they are practicing the engineering design process!


text:
Coaching in Business English – Workout
Robert Harris is a Certified Professional Trainer with nineteen years' experience coaching and training non-native English speakers. He has spent most of his professional life outside his native UK, gaining insight into and learning to work effectively in culturally diverse...
Top performing athletes exercise/ workout to prepare for a major sporting event or to maintain a satisfactory level of fitness, likewise, you as a senior executive could greatly benefit from "workouts" to exercise your Business English and as a result ensure that you are equally:
- confident when speaking English as you are in your own language
If you feel at a disadvantage when speaking in a language other than your own, be assured you're not the only one. It is a sentiment shared by many people and in many ways an entirely natural one. One way of overcoming this disadvantage is through coaching. Coaching encourages experimentation, "to try things out" before the real event and this together with input and guidance from an experienced coach can lead to a significant improvement in performance.
Our experience has shown that flexibility as to what is worked on in the sessions is a prerequisite for a successful collaboration. The session agenda is often set by the client who might want to prepare for something coming up in the near future for example:
- A presentation to Head Office or business partner
- A visit to an exhibition in Frankfurt
- A meeting with a foreign supplier, customer or colleague
- A difficult phone call or web conference
Workout is for professionals who want to:
- exercise their spoken English in order to overcome communication difficulties
- improve their capability to do business in English
- improve their relationships with their international business partners and English speaking colleagues
- feel comfortable expressing themselves in various business situations
Intermediate and above
By the end of the course participants will have improved:
- oral fluency in business situations
- their range of business vocabulary
- their level of confidence in doing business in English
Course outline typically includes:
- Cultural differences – the understanding of which will lead to better relationships with your international partners and colleagues.
- Presentations – Practice one of your own with your coach
- Change Management – In international environments
- Nonverbal negotiation skills – some researchers claim that 90% of face-to-face communication is nonverbal.
- Grammar – Conditionals don't usually inspire enthusiasm but their correct use in negotiations will.
- Small talk – additional benefits.
- Active listening – we don't want to miss something important.
- Understanding your negotiation partners – what to do when the other person's English is better than yours.
- Meetings – support your position with confidence
- Interpersonal skills – Added value
The Communicative Approach to Business English
Most students say during the interview phase of the needs analysis that they find speaking English the most challenging.
The primary goal of most Business English learners is to be able to speak and convey the message they want without misunderstanding (a misunderstanding can be embarrassing as well as costly). For this reason the majority of learners prefer to focus on improving their speaking skills, as especially when communicating with non-native speakers, getting the message across is more important than strict adherence to grammatical accuracy.
Another very good reason the focus is on spoken English is that when we're "talking business' in English there is no time to ask for help from our colleagues or friends, unlike written communication where
- the assistance of a colleague can be requested
- the enormous resources on the internet can be accessed
The Communicative Approach to Business English focuses on:
- Speaking and Listening
- Enhancing confidence
- Increasing oral fluency and range of vocabulary
- Communicating the message


text:
I am trying to solve this question :
Exercise: The N'th triangular number is defined to be 1 + 2 + 3 +... + N. Alternatively, we could give a recursive definition of triangular number as follows:
T(n) = 1 if n = 1
T(n) = n + T(n-1) if n > 1
Use the recursive definition to help you implement a linearly recursive function (triangular N) that returns the N'th triangular number. Enter your function definition into a text file. Then load it into LISP. Evaluate (triangular 6).
Below is my code :
(defun triangle (N)
"Compute the Triangular Number of N."
(if (= N 1)
(+ N (triangular (- N 1)))))
When I loaded it into the Debug Window using (load "CallTriangle"), it says Loading C:\acl82express\CallTriangle.cl. How do I evaluate (triangular 6)?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
It's Only Natural: Evaluating Natural Language Dialogs
Your decision on whether to use a natural dialog approach instead of a directed dialog in an IVR application will directly affect the cost, effort and maintenance of the system. This article will give you a process that you can use to make the right decision.
Natural Dialogs versus Directed Dialogs
A natural dialog is one in which the prompts, grammars and dialog flow are modeled and designed to more closely simulate a real conversation between two people. Natural dialogs allow the human to participate in controlling the dialog flow. Directed dialogs on the other hand use a pre-defined set of steps and usually occur in a sequential, linear fashion.
Directed dialogs are modeled in a dialog-flow fashion, similar to a call-flow for touch tone IVRs. Natural dialogs, on the other hand, typically utilize a finite state model where dialogs are executed based on the state of one or more variables.
There isn't a clear dividing line between directed dialogs and natural dialogs however; nor is there an agreed upon approach as to how they should be developed. Directed dialogs may certainly use a mixed initiative dialog as a shortcut mechanism for power users; and natural dialogs will certainly use directed dialogs.
Developers usually differentiate between directed and natural dialogs in terms of whether or not the dialog is mixed initiative. A mixed initiative dialog allows callers to fill multiple form field slots in a single utterance. For example, the utterance, "nineteen ninety ford escort" might fill the year, make and model fields with a single utterance, as opposed to three separate prompts. This illustrates one potential description of a natural dialog versus a directed dialog; not necessarily because it's mixed initiative, but because it is probably more natural to speak all three pieces of information during a phone conversation if you were describing the type of car you were selling (for example).
What is important to understand is that while researchers have tested various natural dialog approaches, there is no "right way" or set of guidelines that will help you create natural dialogs. I think this may have something to do with the fact that scientists don't understand the natural human speech machine in enough detail to effectively model it on a computer. So, remember, the definition of a natural dialog is a bit ambiguous and certainly open to interpretation. In fact, in some cases, a directed dialog may in fact be more natural than a mixed initiative dialog.
Evaluate the Existing Environment
There are three common environments that I see which affect design decisions:
The company has an existing touch-tone IVR that they want to upgrade to speech to reduce call times or reduce the number of callers that bail out of the IVR to a live rep. In this situation, introducing a new approach to callers that use the system regularly may actually cause more harm than good, because while the number of new callers pressing zero may be reduced, more experienced callers may become frustrated with the new interface and end up bailing out. If the percentage of repeat callers is high, and the ratio of repeat callers to new callers is high, then the end result could actually be more callers bailing out than before. Great care must be taken in transitioning to a new system. A recommended approach would be to gradually introduce speech into the application in a way that allows callers to slowly become acclimated to the new interface. Of course, the speech interface must be as good or better than the existing touch-tone system. For example, if the speech system is nothing more than a voice activated menu, callers may become frustrated with the new interface when they experience recognition errors, (which rarely occur with a touch-tone system). When upgrading a touch-tone system, a natural language system may be too radical a change for users and could result in more bail-outs.
The speech IVR system is going to automate what a real person
does on the phone now.
In this case it will be important to analyze the existing call flow. Unless the calls are entirely scripted, most human dialogs tend to be composed of a series of open-ended dialogs that each have a goal or milestone, which may also depend on the results of a previous dialog. When analyzing the calls, you want to be listening for these dialog milestones. You can usually spot a dialog milestone by listening for a dialog transition. A dialog transition occurs when one participant changes the topic or focus of the conversation. For example, "Ok, now I need to get your credit card information". When a transition occurs, it usually signals the end of a previous dialog. Dialogs will normally have data points in which one participant communicates a piece of information that translates into a form field value. This sounds easy enough because you can translate this into VoiceXML dialogs. The difficulty is that human speech is usually much more complicated. The caller may change their mind midstream about a previous data point during a subsequent dialog after the transition has already occured. For example, "Actually, I need two widgets instead of one, and I want to pay with a Visa card, but only if you can ship it overnight, otherwise I'd like to pay COD with something like UPS". This instruction is easy enough to process for a human, but incredibly complex for a computer. Another caller might flip back and forth between logical dialogs in a conversation.
There are two things to consider when evaluating how to automate an existing human dialog interface. First, will it be feasible to break down the human dialog interaction into discrete directed dialog components so that callers will be able to communicate the same information to the computer instead of a person in about the same amount of time? When analyzing the conversation, it may seem at first that this would be impossible, but as you listen to many dialogs, you will be able to identify common dialogs that can be broken down into discrete dialog components.
Second, will a directed dialog be usable from the caller's perspective? Will the directed dialog be so different than the human dialog that callers will become very confused and simply not use the system? Maybe not. If the human agent asks the same series of questions for every call, then a directed dialog would actually be more natural than trying to consolidate the conversation in a more mixed initiative dialog.
On the other hand, if the entire conversation is dynamic and unscripted, it may actually be impossible to create a directed dialog. It is in these cases, creating a series of open-ended mixed initiative dialog may make the most sense.
The IVR is a new application that will stand on its own or extend a Web application.
This is potentially the most difficult environment to work in, because you have to make a lot of assumptions about how the speech dialog "should" occur whereas in the previous two scenarios, we have existing calls that can be analyzed. Additionally, when integrating an IVR system with an existing Web application, some people have a tendency to think of the IVR in terms of it being a telephone mirror of the Web application, when in the fact the interfaces may necessarily be very different. The one advantage of integrating a speech IVR with an existing Web application is that somebody has already gone through the pain of breaking down the business logic into a programmatic structure. There is also the benefit of not having an existing call flow to analyze; there isn't a legacy of expectations that have to be considered in deciding whether or not to use a natural mixed initiative dialog. If it turns out that an open-ended dialog will be the most natural and efficient way to program the application, we are free to do that (except for resource and time constraints of course).


SOUTH JORDAN — It's a bitterly cold January morning as Coach Dave Peck climbs on a platform in front of the 70 or so football players to discuss a season that doesn't officially start for another eight months.
"This next year is going to be whatever you want it to be," said Peck, Bingham High's football coach. "We have enough talent that we could be something special. But that's up to you."
The students listening to Peck's advice on why working hard now will bring them success in the fall are all enrolled in a powerlifting class. The coach's hope is that the boys will not only get stronger but they'll develop fitness habits that will last throughout their lives.
At the same time, a few miles away at Jordan High, football players are working on their running technique and sprint drills under the supervision of head football coach Eric Kjar. The class is strength and conditioning, and like the class at Bingham, is made up of football players.
Football coaches are not allowed to coach their players right now, but classes like these, which can be found at almost any high school in the state for nearly every sport, are not considered a violation of what is referred to as the "dead time rule."
Every sport sanctioned by the Utah High School Activities Association has 12 to 15 weeks of mandatory dead time, meaning during that time, coaches are not allowed to coach the student athletes who play for them.
The dead time rule has under gone several overhauls, but originally was meant to do two things — prevent coach burnout and allow student athletes to participate in more than one sport.
Unfortunately, not only has the rule failed to accomplish those goals, its complicated, often misunderstood and difficult to enforce.
Access, equality and enforcement are the three main issues with the current rule. Most of those who are punished report the violations themselves, while others find creative ways around the rules.
Meanwhile, coaches feel pressure to do more and more with and for their student athletes than they ever have, while teenage athletes are choosing to specialize more than ever, especially at larger schools.
"It was a laudable goal," said assistant UHSAA director Bart Thompson, himself a former coach of three sports, of the dead time rule. "The average tenure of a football coach is four or five years. And high schools are being saddled with a difficult problem. What if a coach doesn't want to coach after nine or 10 years, but they still have a teaching position at the school. How do you find a position for a new football coach?"
The dead time rule states, "There should be no coach to player contact related to the sport, including conditioning and weight lifting, outside of the school day. This includes not observing players perform in that sport."
Specifically, the rule said coaches — paid or unpaid — cannot organize practice at any level, even in another league; they can't compete as a team, at any level; they can't hold meetings (except post-season banquets), fundraisers or open gym, open court, open pool or open field of play or use batting cages.
While most coaches believe the mandatory time off is a good idea, they acknowledge the rule is rarely enforced and has created other problems. For example, during dead time, a tennis coach can't work with his student athletes, and those students can't use the school facilities outside of the school day (athletic classes are an exception). That means if tennis players want to work on their tennis game outside of the high school season, which is only three months long, they have to join a club, find a private coach or work out at a private gym during the 12 week dead time, which has a significant cost associated with it.
This puts students and schools with less financial means at a disadvantage because while they play basketball, their competition is working with private coaches on tennis skills. It's also given club coaches more power in the lives of young athletes as there are no restrictions on the times or ways they can work with these aspiring players.
"When you take coaches away for 12 to 15 weeks, you almost create worse problems," said Becky Anderson, assistant director of the UHSAA, who along with Thompson and assistant director Kevin Dustin, are working with coaches associations to come up with a solution to the problem.
At the UHSAA's executive meeting last week, principals were asked to discuss in region meetings this month and next, a proposal that would reduce the dead time to eight weeks. But simply changing the amount of time high school coaches aren't allowed to coach their players won't solve all of the problems.
"This really comes from our discussions with coaches in the sports we deal with," said Thompson. "Our frustration in this office is trying to enforce it."
Currently, if schools don't self-report, they often aren't punished, as violations aren't known to the UHSAA. This is a frustration to schools trying to play by the rules.
"I hope if they change the rule, they make it very explicit and that there are penalties that are more severe than right now," said Hunter High athletic director and volleyball coach Pam Olson. "If they cut the time in half that we have to be away from our athletes, then it would be nice to actually have them enforce it."
Jordan head boys basketball coach Rob Geeretsen said while he favors dead time, he believes all students should have access to facilities. When he was a high school student at Logan High, he shot baskets every day at the school because it was a community recreation center.
"If coaches are willing to open the gym, there should be a way," he said. "The key is all-inclusive. I'd like to see an intramural program that allowed even more kids to participate, maybe in that dead-time period. We've got to find a way for more kids to be involved."
Allowing coaches to teach sport specific classes has only increased the gray area that often accompanies any discussion of dead time.
"Where does conditioning end and practice start?" Thompson asked. "What activity constitutes conditioning? And what constitutes practice?" He points out that schools that can't afford to pay a coach to teach an athletic class like powerlifting or weight training are at a competitive disadvantage.
"It's multi-faceted and multi-dimensional," said Thompson. "And this discussion is just beginning."
Peck and Kjar are like most high school coaches in that they like the idea of some time away from their players. The problems arise because simply allowing students access to a weight room before or after school can be a violation — depending on the coach, the season and the sport.
"I think it's a good idea for kids to keep in shape," said Kjar, who is also the school's head track coach. "We love them to play other sports, but many of them don't. We don't want them just hanging around not doing anything." The idea that kids are forbidden from using taxpayer-funded facilities makes even the most ardent supporters of dead time bristle.
"The time off is needed, and I don't have a problem with that," said Peck. "During dead time, there isn't a football out, we don't run drills or talk plays or schemes, we are not taking any chances."
But for some coaches, they do not have the luxury of having their students in an athletic period year-round.
"For boys sports they're in athletics all year long, but our girls are not," said Olson. "So our soccer coach, right now, can't even talk to his kids about grades because he's not allowed to contact them outside of school."
She favors reducing the amount of dead time simply because parents are finding other ways for their kids to continue playing that same sport, but at a greater financial cost. Players often feel pressured to join club programs or work out with private trainers just to be able to make a high school roster.
Olympus softball coach Cyndee Bennett said the push to do more with and for high school athletes comes from parents and the athletes themselves. Bennett was a three-sport athlete in high school and believes her versatility made her more attractive to the University of Utah where she earned a softball scholarship.
"Unfortunately, our student athletes have to get so sport specific in order to succeed in their primary sport," said Bennett. "I think it's good for them to have time off… The kids need the time to be kids, to focus on their academics."
She doesn't see a reduction in the dead time as an advantage or disadvantage, and it certainly won't change what parents are willing to do to help their children earn scholarships or succeed on a high school or club team.
"Some parents have the idea that an athletic scholarship is more beneficial than an academic scholarship," said Thompson. "When I look at what some are investing in club soccer or club volleyball, I'm just appalled."
Most coaches acknowledge parents will often supplement what they provide, even when it is the maximum the state allows. Unfortunately, the rules set up to protect high school coaches and student athletes may now be the cause of some of the problems.
"I think what's happening is that it's making the rich richer and the poor poorer," Thompson said. "Those schools with affluent constitutents … have the opportunity for their kids to play together year-round. The kid who can't afford to do that, a school that's not quite as blessed and a coach who may be willing to work with that kid, but is barred from doing so because of dead time. We're hoping this can be dealt with through some adjustments. It's a long discussion, and we need to decide what exactly it is we're trying to accomplish with dead time. And then we need to find something that will accomplish that."
Twitter: adonsports


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How to Inflate a Helium Balloon
Mylar Balloons (also called Foil Balloons) are a fun addition to your party decorations, especially if you are planning a themed party. Mylar balloons in your child's favorite character, like Elmo or Cinderella, or animal-shaped balloons for a Jungle party really add to the atmosphere. And kids love them!
However, many people have questions on how exactly to inflate Mylar balloons. Follow the instructions below and enjoy your party stress-free!
What You Will Need
- Helium Tank
- Balloon Weight
- There is a small valve or opening in the "tail" of the balloon. Slide this opening onto the nozzle of the helium tank until you have a tight fit. Hold the neck of the balloon firmly around the nozzle with one hand and press on the nozzle to release the helium into your balloon.
- Inflate the balloon.
- Mylar (foil) balloons are self sealing, so just remove the nozzle from the balloon and press the valve flat to seal.
- Do NOT tie the ribbon around the valve of the balloon or a leak may occur. Instead, use the hole or tab located below the valve to secure the ribbon.
- Tie the ribbon to a balloon weight to prevent the balloon from floating away.
- A foil balloon can appear deflated in cold air, but it will fill out when warmed up.
- Do not expose foil balloons to extreme heat or they can burst.


Laowai Comics: And What Do You Do?
Laowai Comics
Laowai Comics is a periodic webcomic. Beijing Cream is proud to debut its Thursday comic every week. Our intrepid artist is taking the rest of the summer off, so enjoy this one for a while! Full archives here.
Click to enlarge
 6 Responses to "Laowai Comics: And What Do You Do?"
 1. mike
 the real joke is that they're all English teachers… they just do the 'interesting/cool' thing in their spare time. You honestly think a "Life Coach" can get a 签证 in China? That's rich.
 2. Claus Rasmussen
 How come being English teacher in China is such a low status job?
 I don't hold (Western) teachers in high regard, but I would say that working in China is a step up compared to working in a public school.
 3. Gar
 Anyone I know who is a trained English teacher, always qualifies it:
 "I'm an English teacher…. English literature"
 "Oh, I teach English language"
 And anyone who's a non-English teacher equally qualifies it: "I'm a teacher"
 "But I teach maths"
 Leave a Reply
 - (will not be published)
 + 2 = five


To get your accounting integration set up quickly and easily, go through the following steps.
1. Turn off receivables tracking
Since debtor tracking will mostly likely be done in your accounting software, you should disable tracking invoices in Mews.
 1. Go to Settings > Property > Accounting configuration > Options.
 2. Make sure the Receivable tracking enabled option (highlighted below) is unchecked.
2. Create accounting categories for revenue and payments
Make sure all necessary accounting categories are created, as detailed as needed, and assigned to all services, products, and payments. If you have outlets (restaurants, shops, etc.) that are connected to Mews, they should have their own accounting categories set up.
Learn how to create an accounting category.
3. Assign all accounting categories a Ledger Account Code
This step is crucial for proper communication between Mews and your accounting software and should be done along with your accountant. (This field cannot be filled by Mews employees nor your accounting software.)
The Ledger Account Code can be added during the initial setup of the property and must be done before connecting with the integration.
4. Assign all payment types an accounting category
You've already decided which payment types you want to use and how detailed to have them reported, so ensure that all of them have an accounting category assigned.
 1. Go to Settings > Property > Accounting configuration.
 2. Check that each payment type has an accounting category assigned.
5. Properly configure your accounting editable history window
The accounting editable history window directly affects when a booking entry is sent to accounting software and cannot exceed one day.
Learn more about the editable history window and how it works, then head to Settings > Property > Accounting configuration.
6. Assign all products and services an accounting category
For proper accounting reports with no items appearing in the Unassigned (None) section, each product and service must have an accounting category assigned.
For Stay services:
 1. Go to Settings > Services > Stay > Accounting.
 2. Add the proper Accounting category.
For the other services:
 1. Go to Settings > Services.
 2. Select each service, then assign the appropriate accounting category in their accounting section.
Now, you're ready to connect your accounting software to Mews 😊
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In today's absurd science news, a study suggests that women will want to have kids sooner if they hear the sound of a literal ticking clock.
In the study, which appears in this month's Human Nature, 59 men and women (ages 18 to 21) were given a survey about the age at which they'd want to start having children. In the second experiment, 74 men and women (ages 18 to 32) were surveyed about the characteristics they look for in potential partners and the extent to which they would be flexible on those characteristics in order to start a family sooner.
But, half of these surveys were given in the presence of a small kitchen clock, mercilessly ticking away. Female participants in the presence of the great and powerful clock who also reported being from a less-wealthy neighborhood or a lower-income family wanted to have kids at a younger age. They also placed less importance on a potential partner's resources (e.g. long-term income possibilities). Women who had wealthier childhoods placed significantly more importance on their partners' social status when listening to the ticking. But, the women's own current finances had no effect on either their preferred traits in a co-parent or their chosen time for kids.
What else reminds women that their baby-makin' time is a-tickin'? Simply learning about the complicated realities of in vitro fertilization. In one study, university students in Queensland, Australia revised their ideal ages for having their first and last child after hearing about IVF. Both ages were significantly lower for those who'd gotten the info.
As crazy as it sounds, there's actually a long history of studies like this. In one particularly hilarious example, participants who had been primed with elderly-related words like "bingo" and "Florida" walked significantly more slowly down a hallway than those who got neutral words. Luckily, priming effects are usually pretty short-lived. Still, we'll be counting our digital-age blessings and steering clear of those pesky analog clocks and their reproductive agendas.


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Maybe you realized those apple trees you planted a few years ago can actually produce quite a bit of fruit. Or, maybe your neighbor has a tree. Maybe you joined a social media group and have listened to enough people talking about pressing apples that you want to have a go at it yourself. If you make hard cider long enough, you will eventually get pulled into pressing your own fruit. However, the biggest challenge can be figuring out how to actually turn those beautiful or even rather gnarly looking apples into as much juice as possible. How should you press apples to make hard cider?
If you read my articles, you will realize that I like making hard cider. You probably also realize that I enjoy homemade pizza. Lastly, you will know that I answer a lot of questions about hard cider with the same answer: it depends. This is because there really are no right or wrong ways to making hard cider. As I often note in my book, making cider is both art and science. Science doesn't define a right or wrong way of doing something. It only helps explain what you can expect when you take certain actions. You need art to make good cider and like all good artist, it take practice as well as experimentation. I say this because even something that sounds as simple as pressing apples into juice, isn't really that simple. It impacts your cider. There is no right or wrong way to do it. There are only various means to the end, and each means will have pros and cons.
Many people think of apple cider being pressed using some old wooden crank press like the one referenced in John Worlidge's Treatsie of Cider from 1675. The grand thing is that there are still many of these old presses and some modern interpretations of this style actively being used. However, that isn't the only means to press apples into juice to make cider. My main goal of this post is to help you assess what might be best for you and your current situation. It's also to let you know, there isn't really a right or wrong way so do what works for you. My goal is simply to help you understand what you might expect from each type so you can pick the option that's best for you.
Like hard cider styles, it impossible to categorize every type of cider press. However, you can put them into several general categories.
Traditional Grind & Press
The traditional method for juicing apples is the grind, scratter, scatter, or mill them and then press the pomace. Apples are relatively hard fruit with some being harder than others. To press them into juice you need to first break them down into smaller pieces. This is the traditional method and it is still the most common even for home hard cider makers. You can purchase scratters that are manual or electric but you can make your own. You can even just use a piece of wood in a bucket and pound apples into pulp. This pulp is then normally placed in sacks, bags, or some type of material that strains the solids from the juice during pressing. The press could be a small counter top model or a massive wooden structure. They can be basket style or pan style where the sacks of pomace, often called cheeses, are stack. The pressure can come from water (hydro press), hydraulic jacks, or manual screws. The yield, as defined by volume per weight of fruit, can vary greatly but is often defined by how much pressure you can apply and how the cheeses are arranged to enable the flow of juice.
- The yield can vary greatly but some presses, like bladder or hydro presses can be extremely efficient yielding one gallon per 13 pounds of apples (0.64 liter/kg) while others may require as much as 20 pounds per gallon (0.42 liters/kg).
- The use of pressing cloths provide a natural filter for suspended solids and can help provide a clearer juice.
- It permits the maceration of the pomace before pressing, which can breakdown pectin and provide tannin and color transfer from the peels and seeds. However, it is a two step process.
- It can require a lot of room and storage space for the scratter and press. Large wooden presses can have their own barn.
A more modern method is a direct press where you don't grind or scratter the apple. Instead the entire whole apple is pressed. Again, you can find commercial and countertop versions. The common commercial option in this category would be a belt press, which can also be used with milled fruit. Whole apples can be fed through rollers using a belt and crushed. The home cider maker's version of this would be the juicer. But, not all juicers are the same. You can find centrifugal juicers and masticating juicers. Centrifugal juicers grind the fruit into pieces and using high speed rotation, push the juice through a fine mesh screen. Masticating juicers use a slow rotating auger to crush whole fruits and push the juice through a screen. The nature of the centrifugal juicers means that you introduce a large amount of oxygen into the juice, which will often make it brown/amber. Note, this can help make this cider clear/silver (see Making Cider Silver). Masticating juicers will be more similar to belt presses and ultimately traditional presses with regards to oxidation. However, the will all need to be strained as they will have more solids in the juice.
- The yield can also vary depending on press type. However, the belt and masticating juicers will tend to produce higher yields. Centrifugal juicers will usually have a wetter pomace that you could press and remove juice. I average around 15 pounds per gallon of juice from my masticating juicer (0.56 liters/kg).
- You need an effective strainer to remove solids. I have used fine mesh stainless kitchen strainers with a rubber spatula but recently switched to a 0.75 micron brew/nut bag.
- You can't use maceration as a process step so pectic enzyme application happen only in the juice. If you want peel maceration, you can peel some apples before pressing and reserve the peels for use in fermentation.
- Most juicers don't like really soft fruit. You can end up with mushy applesauce versus juice if you juice really soft fruit. You often have to mix hard and soften together but your yield will suffer.
- Juicers are excellent for small batch single variety fermentations. You can juice 15-20 pounds of a single fruit type for a one-gallon batch and then move directly into the next variety.
- Juicers are compact and don't take up a lot of room. Also, you can use them for other applications like pressing other fruit adjuncts.
There are other methods used to extract juice from apples and pears. Some of these are related to how the fruit is broken down before pressing while others are related to how the juice is extracted.
Alternatives to Scrattering and Milling:
- Freezing: Freezing whole apples bursts the cells of the fruit eliminating the need to scratter or mill the apple into a pomace.
- Blender: You can use a blender to scratter your apples into a pomace but you need to take care that you don't over blend it and create a mush.
Alternatives to Pressing:
- Hand Press: Many first time makers will simply wrap the pomace with cheese cloth or a brew/nut bag and squeeze.
- Fruit Fermenting: Ever heard the term bletting? That is what happens when whole fruits naturally start to ferment or rot. It is used for pears and you could potentially do the same with apples. An alternative is when apples are chopped up, some water is added, and the fermentation is started using the entire fruit. You usually still need to press this pomace.
- Spin Dryer: I read a post online a while back about someone putting milled fruit in a pillow case and using a spin dryer to centrifuge the juice out of the pomace. It works and is another great example of an innovative alternative method.
I am sure I have missed other unusual and interesting methods of converting apples into juice for making hard cider. Some of these methods can create great yields. Others can significantly reduce the yield but may be your only option given your situation. Freezing apples and then thawing them can provide exceptional yields. The challenge can be on whether you have the ability to freeze a large quantity. If you live in Arizona, you would have to use a freezer. The other extreme is squeezing apples through cheese cloth that were diced using a food processor. This will work but expect a low yield. Most of these methods will also benefit from some type of strainer or filter to remove solids.
Ultimately, you need to consider the amount of apples you plan to process, how much room you have for storage, and how much money you can afford to spend. The juicer you already have or the freezer and stainless steel kitchen strainer might work great if you just want to process enough fruit for a gallon (3.8 liters) batch, which will normally be between 15-20 pounds of fruit. If you are doing multiple batches of 5 gallons (20 liters), a dedicated masticating juicer or large basket press might be in order. Once you start processing enough to make hundreds of gallons or liters, the post scratter method might become less attractive and a powerful mill and hydropress are probably better options. However, the main point to remember is that there is no wrong or right ways to get juice from your apples so don't let that keep you from trying to make some of your own cider.
Photo Credits: Special thanks to members of the Amateur Cider Making and Cider Apples & Cider Making groups


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Vertical Landscapes: The only way is up for green cities
By Darren Quick
July 28, 2009
Demand for office and housing space in ever diminishing land space has led to taller and taller buildings reaching for the skies in cities around the world. This shortage of land in many cities has unfortunately also led to a scarcity of natural vegetation in urban settings. We've looked at several vertical-farming concepts - dedicated buildings that provide space to grow crops in city centers - but a new architectural system from Vertical Landscapes (VL) seeks to invite nature back into our cities on a broader scale. The architectural system transforms buildings into columns of vegetation to add a much needed touch of green, help clean the city air and possibly even produce small scale crops, all while retaining the building's usual use for office or housing space.
Vertical Landscape's Vertical Ecosystem Structure (VES) is a freestanding structure that takes the form of a critical architectural component, a load-bearing, shear, utility wall. When incorporated into a larger structure it will both absorb the building's loads and create conditions for vegetation to prosper. The VES contains all the irrigation and drainage piping and mechanical systems required, which can be customized to meet the needs of different types of vegetation and allow plants to be micromanaged to provide the optimum growing environment.
Since the VES is a freestanding structure it can be built adjacent to an existing wall. And although an add-on VES could be designed to look like a seamless part of an existing structure, developer Nelson Hyde Chick says that a VES is best implemented as part of a new construction.
Chick also says that opting for a vertical landscape provides a number of advantages over rooftop gardens by:
- allowing the rooftop to remain reserved for solar panels;
- providing a potentially larger area for vegetation – particularly as the height of the building increase;
- reducing the risk of water damage since water in a vertical landscape can be mitigated much more easily and cheaply than if a leak occurred in the membrane between the roof and the vegetation of a rooftop garden;
- allowing for heavier and more diverse types of vegetation, since the additional load of the vegetation is already on the wall, whereas a rooftop garden transfers the weight to the structure's load-bearing, shear walls;
- enabling the creation of microclimates based on the orientation of the VES to the sun. For example, an architect in Phoenix, Arizona could place the VES structure facing the southeast to receive the mild morning sun, but be shielded from the harsh afternoon rays. Therefore vegetation that would be exposed to the sun all day on a rooftop garden and not usually suited to the Arizona climate would be able to prosper.
As with the construction of any wall, the cost of building the structural component of a VES would also vary greatly depending on the loads it needed to withstand, which would dictate the amount of concrete, rebar and labor needed. But Chick points out that it would cost no more than a comparable wall that doesn't have a vertical landscape.
The vegetation part of a basic vertical landscaped wall would cost an estimated USD$30 a square foot, but this could also vary greatly depending on the type of vegetation used.
Currently the VES system is only available in the US, but Chick says VL will make special arrangements for a foreign project if it "is of a high enough profile." VL will maintain the vertical landscape for two years after construction and after that time the owners can sign a new contract with VL or choose to maintain it themselves.
The VES from Vertical Landscapes might give a city a touch of that post-apocalyptic, nature-reclaims-city look seen in movies like I am Legend, but anything that adds a splash of green to city centers while cleaning the air has got to look good. With many cities around the globe striving to go green, here's a way to do it literally.
Just enter your friends and your email address into the form below
For multiple addresses, separate each with a comma


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I. HISTORY OF THE STAFFORD CABIN
The Stafford Cabin is a log and frame building located in Bonita Canyon, a small drainage from the west side of the Chiricahua Mountains into the dry but productive Sulphur Spring Valley in Cochise County, Arizona. The cabin is individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places (March 31, 1975) and is also contained in the Faraway Ranch Historic District (August 27, 1980), part of Chiricahua National Monument. It is managed by the Superintendent of the Monument.
Chiricahua National Monument, established in 1924 to protect the unique rock formations popularly known as the "Wonderland of Rocks" which adorn the upper reaches of this section of the mountains, is surrounded on three sides by the Coronado National Forest, and on the fourth, or west side, by Sulphur Spring Valley, most of which is privately owned.1
The 110-year-old homestead cabin and surrounding land became part of Chiricahua National Monument in December, 1968. The structure is a two-room log cabin with a stone fireplace and chimney, a shed-roofed "kitchenette" and bathroom addition, an open porch, and an attached garage. The cabin sits on a flat expanse of the canyon once occupied by an orchard, from which a few trees remain. Bonita Creek is located a short distance north of the cabin.
The history of the Stafford Cabin involves a number of facets, from a homestead claim during the Apache resistance to family life in a pioneer environment to its last decades as a guest cottage at a modestly popular dude ranch. Perhaps of foremost significance is the pioneer era, or the Stafford years, _PHONE_, a time when the earliest settlers appeared in the area and developed a ranching and agricultural legacy in the Sulphur Spring Valley. This document will hopefully shed new light on the significance of the Stafford Cabin in the history of the Southwest.
Last Updated: 25-Aug-2008


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I suspect that your outlet has a bad contact, so that (let's hypothesize) one of the prongs does not work. Let's further hypothesize that it's the neutral that has the bad contact.
Also, let us assume that the two neutrals in the outlet are connected to each other. Just not to the power grid.
Suppose that the tester creates a bridge between neutral and ground. The resistance of this bridge is not anywhere near zero ohms, but that might not matter.
What that means is that the neutral receptacles in the socket now have a path to ground, and even if that path is resistive, that completes the circuit. Current can flow from hot, through the device, into the neutral prong (which has no grid connection, but does have a connection to the tester's netural) and then, via the tester, to its ground prong. If the device has a small current draw, then its effective resistance may be significantly greater than the resistance in the tester, and so the tester's resistance might not matter much. The device may see a voltage drop, but its power supply may be tolerant to it.
Anyway, needless to say, replace the outlet.


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Bullion traditionally stands for gold bars, silver bars, other precious metals bars or ingots. The word bullion originates from the old French word bouillon, which meant "boiling" and was the term for a mint or melting house.
Bullion refers to precious metals in bulk form which are regularly traded on commodity markets. The value of bullion is typically determined by the value of its precious metals content, which is defined by its purity and mass.
The specifications of bullion are often regulated by market bodies or legislation. In the European Union, the minimum purity for gold bullion, which is treated as investment gold with regards to taxation, is 99.5% for gold bullion bars and 90% for bullion coins.
London Bullion Market
The London bullion market is an over-the-counter market for wholesale trading of gold and silver. The London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) coordinates activities of its members and other participants in the London Bullion Market.
The London Bullion Market Association sets and promotes quality standards for gold and silver bullion bars. The minimum acceptable fineness of the Good Delivery Bars is 99.5% for gold bars and 99.9% for silver bars.
A range of professional market participants is active in the bullion markets: banks, fabricators, refiners and vault operators or transport companies as well as brokers. They provide facilities for the refining, melting, assaying, transporting, trading and vaulting of gold and silver bullion.
Besides the direct bullion market participants, other professional parties like investment companies and jewelers use bullion in the context of products or services which they produce or offer to customers. For example, shares of the world's largest Gold exchange-traded fund, the SPDR Gold Shares represent ownership in vaulted gold bullion.
Private individuals use bullion primarily as an investment or potential store of value. Gold bullion and silver bullion are the most important forms of physical precious metals investments. Bullion investments can be considered as insurance against inflation or economic turmoil and may not entail direct counterparty risk.
Compared to numismatic coins, bullion bars or bullion coins can typically be purchased and traded at lower margins and their trading prices are closer to the values of the contained precious metals.
- Merriam-Webster Dictionary: Bullion - Definition and More, _URL_
- Council Directive 98/80/EC of 12 October 1998 - Special scheme for investment gold: _URL_
- The London Bullion Market Association: Glossary of terms - Bullion and precious metals coins, _URL_
- A Guide to the London Precious Metals Markets: _URL_
- Przemyslaw Radomski, CFA. "Key Insights: Portfolio Structure". Sunshine Profits. Retrieved 2012-11-15.


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Large-scale genomics unveil polygenic architecture of human cortical surface area
MetadataShow full item record
Little is known about how genetic variation contributes to neuroanatomical variability, and whether particular genomic regions comprising genes or evolutionarily conserved elements are enriched for effects that influence brain morphology. Here, we examine brain imaging and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from ~2,700 individuals. We show that a substantial proportion of variation in cortical surface area is explained by additive effects of SNPs dispersed throughout the genome, with a larger heritable effect for visual and auditory sensory and insular cortices (h2~0.45). Genome-wide SNPs collectively account for, on average, about half of twin heritability across cortical regions (N=466 twins). We find enriched genetic effects in or near genes. We also observe that SNPs in evolutionarily more conserved regions contributed significantly to the heritability of cortical surface area, particularly, for medial and temporal cortical regions. SNPs in less conserved regions contributed more to occipital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.
CitationNature Communications 2015, 6:7549
PublisherNature Publishing Group
Copyright 2015 The Authors


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Submitted to: Temperate Fruit Crop Viruses and Virus Diseases
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: May 5, 1997
Publication Date: N/A
The rare plant taxon, "Fragaria multicipita" Fernald, is characterized by dwarfing, a cushion-like growth habit with multiple crowns, lack of runners, and development of floral aberrations suggestive of a subarctic or ice front relict. First described in 1908 from Canada, the species was thought to be extinct until its rediscovery in 1992. Recently, a pathogen was graft transmitted by others from F. multicipita to normal F. chiloensis; disease symptoms developed in the grafted F. chiloensis. Our data indicate that F. multicipita and the grafted F. chiloensis were infected by phytoplasma. We classified the phytoplasma in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrVI (potato witches broom and related phytoplasmas), but the F. multicipita phytoplasma belonged to a new subgroup, which we designated 16SrVI-B. Our findings indicate that "F. multicipita" is a unique growth form induced in Fragaria by phytoplasmal infection. While this study was in progress, we investigated a disease problem in winter production fields of strawberry in Florida. To obtain fruit production in Florida, most transplants are raised in northern areas of North America, especially Canada, where cool nights induce flower bud initiation. We found that some diseased strawberry plants in Florida were infected by a phytoplasma that was not distinguished from the phytoplasma which we believe to be responsible for the unusual growth form of "F. multicipita". Our data are consistent with a possible link between phytoplasmal infection of "F. multicipita" in natural ecosystems in Canada and diseased strawberry plants in Florida, and they point to a natural reservoir of inoculum for infection of cultivated strawberry.


experience.
Currently, there are no oral medications that are FDA approved for use in dystonia. Among the oral medications used, dopaminergic agents (levodopa), anticholinergic agents (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl), baclofen and clonazepam are the most frequently used. These drugs are usually most effective in children with generalized dystonia. In adults, the side effects of these agents, including memory problems and sedation, often occur before an effective dose can be reached. Surgical treatments for cervical dystonia are of two types. One is selective peripheral denervation in which the nerves to the dystonic muscles are cut. Although this has been reported to be effective, this approach is limited by the ability to access the nerve involved, the need for considerable expertise of the surgeon, and the potential for side effects. Side effects from the surgery are not uncommon and following surgery, there is a long period of rehabilitation.


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Superstorm Sandy: Before, During And Beyond
Tue November 20, 2012
Thousands Of Trees Gone, Ripped Out By Sandy
Originally published on Tue November 20, 2012 5:14 pm
New York City lost almost 10,000 trees from the winds of Superstorm Sandy and the nor'easter that followed. That's far more trees lost in the city than in any other storm for which tree damage was recorded.
Walking through Central Park, Ken Chaya peers past a stone arch, observing the damage and uprooting of about 800 trees. He knows more about the park's trees than just about anybody else; he created a map that charts every single one of the roughly 20,000 trees.
"Looking over Glen Span, I can count 1-2-3-4-5 — at least five — fresh cuts of mature trees," he says, also noting the number of tree crews.
The city's Parks and Recreation Department, which looks out for street trees as well as those in parks, went on alert way before Sandy arrived. Five days before the storm, the department was already making arrangements with tree crews from around the country.
For several years, the department has noticed dramatic changes in weather. Bram Gunther, chief of forestry, horticulture and natural resources for the department, notes the unprecedented string of natural disasters in the last two years: two tornadoes, a freak storm that took down 500 Central Park trees, an unusual early winter storm and Tropical Storm Irene.
"When that happened, that really opened our eyes, and it opened our eyes to the power of these storms which we had not experienced directly in New York City, at least since I was a child," Gunther says.
Irene took down about 3,400 trees throughout the city, while Sandy claimed three times that amount. Many of those trees were old, beloved and as large as 6 feet in diameter.
"The bigger the tree, the more carbon it captures, the more particulate matter it filters, the more storm water it captures," Gunther says, "so it's a huge number in terms of environmental benefits and what it does for a community."
A study from the U.S. Department of Agriculture shows that the city's more than 5 million trees remove 42,000 tons of carbon and about 2,000 tons of air pollution per year. They also have a whopping monetary value of $5.2 billion.
Twenty-four hours after the storm, the department sent people walking, riding and bicycling all 33,000 blocks of New York City with handheld computers, reviewing damage and putting in work orders.
"We do every single one to assess and evaluate the damage of the trees and the safety of that particular block," explains Gunther, who monitored all the computers from his mobile command center.
In Central Park, Chaya points to a 75-year-old black locust. "Its trunk was just yanked out of the ground by the wind," he says.
Nearby, a downed tree has pulled up a huge rock — a piece of Manhattan schist, the 450-million-year-old bedrock that lies beneath Manhattan. Chaya says there is only a little layer of soil over the bedrock and trees can't sink a deep tap root, so they branch out horizontally. In a storm, many of the trees just topple over.
The city is already ahead of schedule in its commitment to plant 1 million trees by 2017. Because newly planted trees are small, Chaya says, it'll be years before the city can truly be what he calls an urban forest.
"Our urban forest, it's fading, we're losing it," he says.


text:
|Sitka alder, Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Regel) A& D. Love. Members of this genus provide a generous resource of firewood in the Northwest. The bark and wood chips are preferred over mesquite for smoking fish, especially salmon. The alder forest on the left is at Botanical Beach, near Port Renfrew on Vancouver Island. This coastal dwelling tree ranges from California to Alaska. The other species A. viridis ssp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill, American Green Alder grows in the same range. (Back)|
|Smoking Meat with Alder: Wood chips are soaked in
water then placed on coals or charcoal to smoke meat. In 1961, I
saw over 100 Native Americans smoking fish, moose and caribou for winter
storage along a 10 mile stretch of the Denali Highway in Alaska.
Hunting rule then was if a European (meaning white man) hunter made a
kill, he/she was obliged to give much of the meat to the First People
who preserved it for winter food. Fish were flayed open
hung from wood weirs or sticks above the smoldering fire until smoked
USES: Ashes of alder were mixed with tobacco and smoked. In hardwood poor areas of the west, alder burns slower than pine and is a suitable home heating fuel. the bark may be soaked in water to make a orange to rust dye.
Sweat Lodge floors were often alder leaf covered and switches of alder were used for applying water to the body in the sweat lodge.
|Native American Medicine: Ashes of wood used with chewing stick to clean teeth. Cones of sub species sinuata are used for medicine as are other alder species. Spring catkins were smashed to pulp and eaten as a cathartic. The bark was sometimes mixed with other plants in decoction and used as a tonic. The decoction of the female catkins used in decoction to treat gonorrhea. A poultice of leaves used on skin wounds and skin infections. In the Okanagan areao fo Washington and British Columbia, Okanagon-Colville First People used an infusion of new shoots, new plant tops to increase appetite in children. A decoction of the inner bark said to reduce fevers (Upper Tanana).|


Designer Profile
Arno Votteler
Arno Votteler (_PHONE_) was one of the most influential German product and interior designers of the 20th century.
Votteler's work is characterized by his persistence in perfecting forms, and an instinct for the possible. In 1955, he graduated from the State Academy of Fine Arts in Stuttgart where he was taught by student of the Bauhaus Herbert Hirche, and interior designer Herta-Maria Witzemann. He later returned as a professor, and in 1980 he founded the State Academy of Art and Design, now known as the Weissenhof Institute. Votteler had already opened his own design studio by the end of the 1960s. Visiting professorships in Brazil, the US, India, and China followed.
In the 1950s, Arno Votteler was employed as a designer by Walter Knoll and was responsible for the 368 armchair, later named the "Votteler Chair". Designed in 1956, the chair is a midcentury modern classic, emblematic of the timeless aesthetic of the period.


Choir dress
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Roman Catholic bishop in choir dress: cassock, rochet, cappa magna with ermine hood, and pectoral cross on cord, 18th century.
Choir dress is the traditional vesture of the clerics, seminarians and religious of Christian churches worn for public prayer and the administration of the sacraments except when celebrating or co-celebrating the Eucharist. It differs from the vestments worn by the celebrants of the Eucharist, being normally made of fabrics such as wool, cotton or silk, as opposed to the fine brocades used in vestments. It may also be worn by lay assistants such as acolytes and choirs. It was abandoned by most of the Churches which originated in the sixteenth-century Reformation[1]
Like eucharistic vestments it derived originally from the formal secular dress of the Roman Empire in the first centuries of the Christian era which survived in church usage after fashion had changed.[1]
Choir dress also differs from "house dress" which is worn outside of a liturgical context (whether in the house or on the street). House dress may be either formal or informal.
Roman Catholic choir dress[edit]
Three bishops wearing vestments, others wearing the choir dress of 1917
Roman Catholic canons in choir dress: cassock, rochet, mozzetta, and pectoral cross on chain.
Choir dress in the Catholic Church is worn by deacons, priests and bishops when presiding at or celebrating a liturgy that is not the Mass, especially the Liturgy of the Hours, or when attending Mass without celebrating or concelebrating the Eucharist. It is worn by seminarians, instituted lectors and acolytes, and altar servers and choir members at Mass or other liturgical events.
The basic components of choir dress are:
For seminarians, deacons, and priests the cassock is exactly the same as their normal cassock: a black cassock with black buttons, girded with a black fascia.
Priests who hold additional honors may wear a different cassock: Chaplains of His Holiness wear a black cassock with purple piping, buttons, and fascia, while Honorary Prelates and Protonotaries apostolic wear a purple cassock with scarlet piping and buttons with a purple fascia. A black cassock with amaranth piping and buttons, girded with a purple fascia, serves as pian dress (academic dress) for an honorary prelate or protonotary apostolic. Canons may wear the rochet (if the chapter has been granted usus rochetti by papal indult) with a distinctive mozzetta, the particular colors of which are determined by the chapter.
Bishops wear the above-mentioned purple cassock with scarlet piping, and add a pectoral cross suspended from a green and gold cord, a mozzetta over the rochet, and a purple zucchetto under the biretta. A cardinal wears a scarlet cassock with scarlet trim, pectoral cross on a red and gold cord and a red mozzetta over the rochet, with a red zucchetto. The Pope's choir dress includes a white cassock, rochet, red silk mozetta, red brocade stole and his pectoral cross hangs from a golden cord. Some canons wear their cross on a ribbon, but only a bishop may wear the cross on a cord. Under new regulations, neither bishops nor canons wear fur trimmed cappas.
The cope and/or stole may be worn over choir dress when a cleric presides over a sacrament (for instance, at matrimony, if not celebrated during Mass), or by the cleric presiding over prayers (for instance, the priest presiding at a solemn celebration of Vespers in the Liturgy of the Hours at a seminary might wear cope and stole over choir dress, while the priests of the faculty and seminarians would wear simple choir dress of cassock and surplice).
Monks who are neither deacons nor priests also have a form of choir dress: the full monastic habit with the monastic cowl forms their formal wear for attending the Liturgy of the Hours or Mass.
Pope - choir dress.svg
Cardinal - choir dress.svg
Bishop - choir dress.svg
Pope Cardinal Bishop
Higher Prelates of the Roman Curia and Protonotary Apostolic de numero - choir dress.svg
Honorary Prelate and Apostolic Protonotary Supernumerary - choir dress.svg
Chaplain of His Holiness - choir dress.svg
Higher Prelates of the Roman Curia and
Apostolic protonotary de numero
Apostolic protonotary supernumerary and
Honorary Prelate
Chaplain of His Holiness
Priest - choir dress.svg
Canons - choir dresses.svg
Priest/Deacon/Seminarian Canon (shoulder-cape designs vary)
Eastern choir dress[edit]
Saint John (Maximovich) wearing choir dress of an Orthodox bishop: klobuk, outer riassa, Panagia, and episcopal mandyas; holding his paterissa (crozier).
The choir dress of clergy in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches are relatively similar. Over the inner cassock (rasson or podrasnik), a deep-sleeved exorason (riassa), which is often black, is worn. In the Russian Orthodox Church, married clergy often wear grey, while monastic clergy wear black. During the paschal season both monastic and married clergy will often wear a white inner cassock. Some Russian Metropolitans wear a white inner cassock and a blue outer when formally arriving to celebrate the Divine Liturgy.
Eastern Orthodox[edit]
In Eastern Orthodoxy and Byzantine Catholicism, monks wear a black cloak, the mandyas over the outer cassock. The mandyas completely covers the monastic below the chin and reaches to the floor. In the Greek usage, the mandyas is usually only worn when performing certain liturgical roles; in the Slavic usage, all monks and nuns of the rank of Stavrophore or above wear the mandyas at every service, so long as they are in their own monastery. The mandyas of an hegumen (abbot) is of black silk, that of an archimandrite or bishop is of colored silk (specific usages will differ by jurisdiction), and has four square "tablets" on it: two at the neck and two at the feet. A bishop's mandyas additionally has "rivers" on it: three horizontal stripes either of gold (Greek practice) or red and white (Slavic practice).
Monastic clergy wear different headcoverings than married clergy. Married clergy wear either a colored kalimaukion or skufia; monastic clergy wear a black kalimaukion and veil (together known as the klobuk). For monastics, the skufia is reserved for house dress, and the klobuk is worn in church. Russian archbishops have a jewelled cross attached to the front of their klobuks; Russian Metropolitans wear a white klobuk with jewelled cross. Several Orthodox Patriarchs wear a rounded headcovering called a koukoulion.
Priests who have been awarded a pectoral cross wear it with their choir dress (these pectoral crosses are of several degrees: silver, gold, or jewelled). Bishops wear a panagia (icon of the Theotokos) in place of the pectoral cross. Archbishops may wear a pectoral cross and a panagia. All primates and some bishops below primatial rank have the dignity of wearing an enkolpion (icon of Christ), a pectoral cross, and a panagia.
A ruling Igumen (so long as he is inside his own monastery) and a bishop may carry his paterissa (crozier) when he is in church. However, the paterissa is never to be carried inside the sanctuary; instead, when he goes into the altar, the paterissa is either handed to an altar server or left leaning against the iconostasis outside the Holy Doors.
In North America and Great Britain, some Orthodox clergy have begun to wear a Roman collar (clergy shirt), though this is discouraged among the more traditional Orthodox.
There exist color and design variations in each autocephalous Church, but these diagrams give some examples of Eastern Orthodox choir dress vestments:
Slavic Orthodox Patriarch - choir dress.svg
Slavic Orthodox Metropolitan - choir dress.svg
Slavic Orthodox Bishop - choir dress.svg
Greek Orthodox Bishop - choir dress.svg
Patriarch (Slavic) Metropolitan (Slavic) Bishop (Slavic) Bishop (Greek)
Eastern Orthodox Priest - vestments.svg
Eastern Orthodox Hieromonk - vestments.svg
Slavic Orthodox Schemamonk - vestments.svg
Eastern Orthodox Monk - vestments.svg
Eastern Orthodox Reader - vestments.svg
Priest Hieromonk Schemamonk Monk Reader/Subdeacon/Deacon
Oriental Orthodox[edit]
Syriac Orthodox Patriarch.png
Syriac Orthodox Bishop.png
Coptic Orthodox Priest.png
Syriac Orthodox Priest.png
Syriac Orthodox Priest-Monk.png
Syriac Patriarch Syriac Bishop Coptic Priest Syriac Priest Syriac Priest
Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, Ignatius Zakka I


text:
BREAKING NEWS - the giant turtle was released on Saturday 1st August into the Andaman Sea at Cape Panwa.
A Green Sea Turtle was recently found tied to an anchor and trapped underwater. The Marine and Costal Resources Department (MCRD) were called and immediately sped out to the location where the turtle had been found. Fishermen, who were suspected of having trapped the turtle, had already fled the scene leaving the turtle trapped and in pain. After freeing the turtle, the MCRD took the turtle to the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) at Cape Panwa for treatment. The turtle weighed over 120 kilos and had a carapace (shell) 97 centimetres long (making the turtle between 50 and 60 years old).
The turtle is listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The PMBC are treating the turtle for a cracked carapace but he is responding well to treatment.
If you do stay with us pay a visit to the nearby local aquarium and see the turtle breeding pools, the Marine Biodiversity Collection and the Marine Endangered Species Museum.


text:
Use of 'et al.' in academic publications
In all academic works, including dissertations and theses, it is essential to provide evidential support for the points you are making. This typically means referring to the work of others using citations that state the author(s) of such works and the date on which it was published, e.g. Jones (2020). For some referencing systems, such as Chicago and OSCOLA, it is sufficient to use numbers to denote references, write the references in the footnotes, and then provide a full list of references at the end of the work. For other systems, most notably Harvard and APA, the convention is to cite the author(s) and date in the text, and then provide a full list of references at the end in alphabetical order.
However, there can often be more than one author of a work, and in some instances (most notably in medical or certain scientific fields), the number of authors can run into double figures. Citing every author of a piece of work can become problematic as it makes a thesis or dissertation extremely difficult to read and, if there are word counts to be adhered to, can mean that important content is sacrificed to make way for an extensive list of names. This is considered neither necessary nor desirable, and the way academia gets around this problem is to use the phrase 'et al' (which literally means 'and others') in place of a long list of authors. For work complying with APA guidelines, the rule is to use 'et al' when there are three or more authors of a text. If there are one or two authors, then their names can be written in full, e.g. Jones (1987) or Williamson and Potter (1976). For an article with three authors or more, the rule is to cite the first author followed by 'et al' and then the date, e.g. Clarke et al. (1976). The rule is the same for Harvard, except that 'et al' is only used when there are four or more authors. Hence, you can refer to Wayne, Hart and Jones (1996), whereas in APA this would be Wayne et al. (1996).
Two stylistic rules need to be noted in relation to the use of 'et al'. Firstly, when the work is the subject of the sentence, the reference is as follows: "Blake et al. (1987) found that the rate of prejudice was high". However, when the sentence focuses instead on the main finding, the authors and date are included in brackets, as the following example demonstrates: "The rate of prejudice has been found to be high (Blake et al., 1987)".
Note that there is
no comma before 'et al', no comma between the two words (a common mistake), and
there is always a full stop at the end. When cited in brackets, the full stop
is followed by a comma and then the date (as shown in the above example).


text:
Audience segment composition
This feature might not be enabled in your DFP environment.
Each member of an audience segment represents an audience identifier associated with a user's device. As your audience segment collects members, you can see a breakdown of what audience identifiers compose the segment by clicking Inventory Audience segments in DFP.
In the table that lists all audience segments, the columns below display information about the audience segment member composition:
- Total size: The number of members currently in a segment.
- Mobile web size: The number of mobile web users that comprise a segment.
- AdID size: The number of Android app users (identified with an AdID) that comprise a segment.
- IDFA size: The number of iOS app users (identified with an IDFA) that comprise a segment.
- PPID size: The number of users, identified by a publisher provided identifier (PPID), that comprise a segment.
- These totals are updated periodically throughout each day.
- The Mobile web, AdID and IDFA size values are rounded to two significant digits (for example, "22,000" instead of "22,382") and if there are fewer than 50 members in any category, DFP displays 0.
- The total size of an audience segment, updated approximately every 30 minutes, must be at least 100 before it is eligible for ad serving. We use statistical modeling and sampling to estimate the segment total size, so the size shown might not exactly match a number of identifiers uploaded. Small audience segments are subject to a higher variance in model estimates, so using lists with at least 150 members is recommended.
- The sum of "Mobile web size", "IDFA size", and "AdID size" values may not equal the "Total size" value for a segment because of users on other targeted devices or environments.
- For third-party audience segments, the "Total size" value shows how many identifiers are provided in the segment, but doesn't necessarily reflect the total amount of unique impressions you'll get from the segment. This could be because some identifiers are stale or based in another country.


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Overarch 2
Maximum Flow
Euler's Buckling Formula
Age 16 to 18
Challenge Level
When you apply a steadily increasing axial load to an initially-straight strut after a while it will start to bend, and then, when a critical load $P$ is reached, it will buckle. You could try it with a matchstick.
Euler showed that at the point of buckling the strut is in a static equilibrium state: like a ball balanced at the top of a slope where the slightest push will cause it to roll down. At each point along the beam the moment due to the bending stiffness and the moment due to the axial force being applied are perfectly in balance, and if you increase the load by just a tiny bit it will break.
Axially-loaded strut
By considering a general position $x$ on the deformed strut, you can derive Euler's basic formula for $P$ by constructing and solving a second order differential equation.
You need to know two new engineering formulae: The moment due to stiffness is $M = B \kappa$, where $B$ is bending stiffness (a property of the beam) and $\kappa$ is curvature. You also need to know that we can approximate $\kappa$ as $-\frac{d^2v}{dx^2}$, where $v$ is displacement in the direction perpendicular to the initial direction of the beam (see Beam Me Up for a derivation of this).