warning C28616: Multithreaded AV condition
In a multithreaded environment, it is impossible to know when a thread is preempted, with the consequence that the apparent effect of reducing the reference count of an object is that it is deleted without further action on the part of the current thread. There should be no access to a reference-counted object after the reference count could potentially be at zero.
The following is an example of threading time sequence that could expose this problem:
A thread T1 executes lines 1, 2, and 3, decrements m_cRef to 1, and is preempted.
Another thread T2 executes lines 1, 2, and 3 decrements m_cRef to 0. Then it executes lines 4 and 5, where this is deleted, and finally executes line 6.
When T1 is rescheduled, it will reference m_cref on line 9. Thus it will access a member variable after the related this pointer has been deleted—and when the heap for the object is in an unknown state.
 1 ULONG CObject::Release()
 2 {
 3 if ( 0 == InterlockedDecrement(&m_cRef) )
 4 {
 5 delete this;
 6 return NULL;
 7 }
 8 /* this.m_cRef isn't thread safe */
 9 return m_cRef;
 10 }
The corrected example does not reference any heap memory after the object is deleted.
ULONG CObject::Release()
 ASSERT( 0!= m_cRef );
 ULONG cRef = InterlockedDecrement(&m_cRef);
 if ( 0 == cRef )
 delete this;
 return cRef;
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
In the teaching degree program, the Educational Psychology group is involved in three mandatory modules:
- Module LernSoz: "Learning and Instruction" AND "Social Psychology (School and Family)" (06-Psy-LernSoz)
- Module EntAu: "Developmental Psychology (Childhood and Adolescence)" AND "Learning Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders (Children and Adolescents)" (06-Psy-EntAu)
- Module DiffDia: "Psychology of Individual Differences and Personality in School Context" AND "Assessment and Evaluation in Educational Psychology" (06-Psy-DiffDia)
The modules each consist of two courses (4 hours per week per semester). Sudents can choose between attending a lecture or a seminar (exception: DiffDia - virtual module).
In addition to the mandatory modules, the Educational Psychology group offers courses in the so-called "Freier Bereich (general as well as subject-specific electives)" of the teaching degree program and in the module "Education in secondary-modern school [Mittelschule]" (for an overview, see here).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


imaginery friends, just like a lot of other children do.
She often talks about "Panda san *1,"Tanuki san *2" and "Bunny san."
"Panda san is still a baby," "It was Tankui san who made a mess," she would say, but there was something about "Bunny san" that set it apart from the other two.
After some pondering, I realised that her description of "Bunny san" was often more detailed and specific than that of of the other ones.
"Bunny san is much older than me, so she can use chopsticks very well."
"Bunny san is looking at the flowers on the balcony now."
One time, my daughter was tinkering on the piano.
She did that often and I didn't pay much attention to it - until my ears caught a certain tune.
It was the Tulip song.*3
She didn't have a piano teacher, and neither I nor my wife had ever taught her to play it.
I asked her how she came to learn it, and she replied, "Bunny san taught it to me."
Wednesday, 7 November 2018
Holy Words of Shinto: Harae Kotoba
It is said that just by reciting these Holy words - called Harae Kotoba (祓詞, purification words) - below, you can purify yourself and turn bad luck into good luck!
The words are always recited before a Shinto ritual.
The Harae Kotoba:
掛けまくも畏き 伊邪那岐の大神 / 筑紫の日向の橘の小戸の阿波岐原に /
禊ぎ祓へ給ひし時に/ 生り坐せる祓へ戸の大神たち /
諸々の禍事・罪・穢れあらむをば /
祓へ給ひ清め給へと 白すことを聞こし召せと /
Pronunciation (in Japanese):
かけまくも かしこき/
いざなぎのおおかみ / つくしの ひむかの たちばなの おどのあわぎはらに/
みそぎはらえたまいしときに / なりませる はらえどのおおかみたち /
もろもろの まがごと つみ けがれ あらむをば /
はらえたまい きよめたまえと / まおすことを きこしめせと/
かしこみ かしこみも まおす。
The recording of a Shinto priest reciting the Harae Kotoba
Pronunciation (in alphabet):
Kakemakumo kashikoki / Izanagi-no-Ohkami / Tsukushi-no Himuka-no Tachibana-no Odo-no Awagihara-ni/
Mishogi harae Tamaishi tokini / Narimaseru Haraedo-no Ohkami-tachi /
Moromoro-no Magagoto Tsumi Kegare Aramuoba /
Haraetamai Kiyometamae-to/ Maosukoto-o Kikoshimese-to/
Kasikomi Kashikomi Maosu.
Sunday, 4 November 2018
The Watch Cabin
(Translated by Saya)
My high school building was ancient, something like 120 years old*1
It had undergone so many renovations and extension works in the past that its layout had become a total mess.
For example, even though it was a one-storey building, it had a staircase reaching from one end of a corridor to the ceiling.
There were also a music room right next to the entrance, and an inaccessible door embedded into a wall (seen from the outside, it was conspicuously covered over by plywood boards).
The oddest of them all was what they called the "Watch Cabin."
A countryside village in Kyoto with traditional farmhouses *2
My home was far from school, so I sometimes stayed overnight in houses of friends and teachers who lived locally.
One day I couldn't find anyone who could let me stay in their house, so I decided to spend a night in the said "Watch Cabin".
Outwardly, the Watch Cabin looked like a normal country house. It came with one 8-jo*3 room, an old telephone and a small kitchen.
And I was about to find out why the place was called the Watch Cabin through the experience I had that very night.
Another person, a friend of mine, was going to stay with me in the Cabin.
We were in high spirits, as if we were on a school trip, as we cheerful spread out futons on the floor.
Marcelo Carter's "A worm-shaped god"
Hi everyone! How are you today? Good? :D
I just wanted to introduce to you a novella written by one of my blog readers and friend Marcelo Carter, a young and very talented Chilean writer!
* Visit Marcelo's blog where he posts short horror stories. They are in Spanish but you can use Google translator to read them :D
The book is available on Amazon Kindle, and is called A worm-shaped god.
*click HERE to go to the Amazon page.
(*If you can read Spanish, here is the original Spanish edition of the book on Amazon)
Here is the summary of the story:
Andrés, after witnessed a brutal beating on his teacher, which would eventually lead him to death, is threatened by the bully of the school, Sebastián Kurdo; an aggressive boy, believed to belong to a violent gang called "The Skull-breakers".
Filled with fear and uncertainty, Andrés looks for the help of an old friend who has returned to the city, not knowing that Ignacio is no longer the innocent boy he remembers, and that his help will unleash a series of tragic, macabre and horrifying events. Based on a true story.
Sounds intriguing, isn't it? :D
I finished reading it some days ago and oh boy was it scary. The story is written in first person narrative, so I felt like I was myself thrown into the nightmarish world of teenage violence and crime and of cladestine bloodthirsty sect, alongside the narrator.
The fact that the narrator is just a normal teenager makes it feel worse; he is caring towards his mother and loyal to his best friend, but ironically it is precisely his love for his best friend that gets him into deep water, because that friend turns out to be a total psycho. XD
Until the very end of the story I was on the edge of my seat wondering what would happen to this poor boy!
There are lots of blood and gore in the story, so it is not for the faint of heart!
(I felt literally sick reading some parts of the story XD)
If you want to know more about the story please visit the website Marcelo created for his book:
On this website, you can also find information about the documentary that was filmed back in 2006 about the true crime story on which Marcelo's book is based.
Wednesday, 31 October 2018
My Friend's Piano Recital! (Personal Announcement from Saya)
Hi everyone! :D How are you?
I just wanted to make an announcement about a piano recital which will take place on Friday 9th Novemember 2018, in London.
The recital will be given by Nobue, my dearest friend and mentor, and one of the most brilliant pianists I have ever known in my life.
She is someone you might call an old school pianist, who values authentic interpretatoin of music and producing beautiful sounds above all else.
Not only is she a great pianist, she also happenes to have a great personality too. You don't find that combination too often (I'm joking, of course LOL).
Anyway, I hope that if you happen to be in London on that day (it's a shame I won't be able to go this year, but probalby I will next time), please consider attending her recital. You won't regret it, I promise.
Here are the links to the details of her recital and her profile:
*Nobue's Recital Information
NOBUE piano Piano Concert at 1901 Arts Club, vol.3
 (Facebook page)
*Nobue's Profile
How to Go to Another World: "Fed Up"
Happy Halloween Everyone ~ :D
Here is a little ritual for you to enjoy!
I hope you all get loads of sweets to stuff yourselves with. XD
Love and Peace!
(Translated by Saya)
1： Anonymous ：2012/01/05(Thur) 02:06:27.80 ID:73sG3iym0
How to do it:
This ritual is recommended for people who are fed up with their lives or who want more excitement in their lives.
Write a hexagram as large as possible on a paper measuring 5 X 5 cm, and write "Fed Up" (Akita 飽きた in Japanese) inside the hexagram.
It will be more effective if you write it in red ink.
When you finish writing, you go to sleep holding the paper in your hand or with the paper under your pillow.
Next day, if you wake up and the paper is gone and you feel a difference in the air, or something out of ordinary happens to you, then you know you have been successful.
The reason the paper disappears is not because you have lost it, but you have changed places with yourself in another world.
Can


Help Center>Studio (Foundation)
Create a script to query SAP
Creating a Query script is a five-step process.
choose define map submit approve run process
 1. Choose fields by using tables, InfoSets, or logical databases. Or, if you are more familiar with transactions in SAP, you can create a query from a transaction recording.
 file new query
 2. Specify criteria.
 3. Map the script's fields to a data file.
 4. Submit the script for approval.
 5. Run the script to download the data from SAP.
These topics walk you step-by-step through the basic end-to-end process of building and running a query.
For information on more advanced features, see the best practices or click the links at the end of a topic.
Winshuttle Function Module is required for multiple-table queries on systems that are running Winshuttle SAP Integration Server v11.x.
The number of tables that you can add to a query is specified in the Foundation site's settings. If you are not able to add all the tables that you need, contact your Foundation site manager or consider using an InfoSet or a logical database (LDB).
Approving your own queries
If you have a developer role, and if self-approval is enabled by the administrator, you can run files on a nonproduction server without submitting them for approval.
If your Foundation administrator removes the approval requirement, all queries can be created and run without first being approved.


text:
A Cross-Section of the Calabi-Yau Quintic
Hidden deep inside the dimensions of string theory are the microscopic Calabi-Yau spaces.
According to string theory, space-time is not four-dimensional as you might expect, but actually 10-dimensional. The extra six dimensions are believed to be compactified or rolled up into such a small space that they are unobservable at human scales of sight. Their size and six dimensions make Calabi-Yau spaces difficult to draw. But, this model shows a three-dimensional cross-section of this likely space to reveal its structure and shape.
This 3" cube and the surface within is a wildly self-intersecting ride through space. Cement your place in string theory history by adding this highly intriguing crystal to your collection. It includes clear rubber feet for scratch-free display. And, if you want to learn more about the mathematics of this wondrous cube, read on...This particular space is one of the most appealing candidates, because there's a series of Calabi-Yau spaces embedded in CPN (N-dimensional complex projective space) described by homogeneous polynomials of degree (N+1).
These spaces have real dimension 2(N-1), so the hypothesis that there are six hidden dimensions in string theory means that there is a unique choice within this series of Calabi-Yau spaces, namely N=4, and the polynomial must be this quintic (degree N+1=5): z15 + z25 + z35 + z45 + z55 = 0.
The 2-D surface is computed by dividing by z5 and setting z3/z5 and z4/z5 to be constant. This defines a 2-manifold slice of the 6-manifold; we then normalize the resulting inhomogeneous equations to simplify them, yielding the complex equation that is actually solved for the surface, z15 + z25 = 1. The resulting surface is embedded in 4D and projected to ordinary 3D space for display
This 3" cube includes clear rubber feet for a scratch-free display. Lighted base is available separately.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Cohen's d: what standardiser to use?
In a previous post we learned about Cohen's d, a standardized measure of effect size. In this post we will learn why it is important to consider what value is being used to standardize our effect size.
Cohen's d and the standardiser
The basic formula to calculate Cohen's d is:
d = [effect size / relevant standard deviation].
The denominator of the equation is the standardiser and, as mentioned in the previous post, it is important to select the most appropriate standardiser for a given dataset because it can have a big influence on Cohen's d.
As pointed out by Geoff Cumming and Robert Calin-Jageman in their book Introduction to the New Statistics: Estimation, Open Science, and Beyond, we should ask ourselves if we know the standard deviation associated with the most relevant population for our outcome measure. If so, this is the standardiser we should use.
Standardiser for the studied population
Pretend we used the Perdue pegboard test to measure fine-motor dexterity in a group of elderly subjects undergoing an intervention aimed at improving hand function. Rather than use the standard deviation measured from our sample of elderly subjects, we should use the standard deviation calculated from normative values for elderly subjects. But why should we favour this population-based standardiser?
The standard deviation calculated from large normative studies will better estimate the standard deviation of the studied population. Using this population-based estimate, Cohen's d will only depend on the size of the effect measured in our study; the variability of our studied sample will not influence the results.
Standardiser for our studied sample
But what happens if there is no population-level estimate of the standard deviation? We will have to use the standard deviation of our studied sample as the standardizer. As highlighted in the previous section, this means that Cohen's d will be influenced by the size of the effect as well as the variability in our sample.
Let's pretend we conducted a study looking at the effects of reading scientificallysound.org for a week on human IQ in a wide range of undergraduate students. Compared to the control week where subjects watched Youtube cat videos, reading scientificallysound.org caused a 5-point increase on average (standard deviation = 20) on a newly developed IQ scale.
The BBC got wind of our amazing finding and decided to replicate our study, but this time with the BBC blog. Rather than study undergraduate students from a wide range of disciplines, the BBC only included students from the highly competitive astrophysics department. Reading the BBC blog for a week also resulted in a 5-point IQ increase in subjects, but this time the standard deviation was 10.
Because there are no normative values for this IQ test, we can't use a population-based standardiser. Thus, Cohen's d for our study is 0.25 (5/20), whereas it is 0.5 (5/10) for the BBC study. Both studies found a 5 point increase in IQ scores, but because there was less variability in the BBC study, Cohen's d is considerably larger.
Cohen's d is a ratio. To properly interpret d we need to know what standardiser (i.e., denominator) is used to calculate it. If studies use the same outcomes, it is always possible –and often preferable– to compare effect sizes in original units. For example, reading the BBC blog or scientificallysound.org leads to a 5-point increase in IQ.
Things are more complicated if we compare effect sizes when different outcome measures are used. The only means we have to compare these effects is to compute a standardized effect size (i.e., Cohen's d), which as we have discovered is highly dependent on the choice of standardizer. Thus, when standardized effect sizes are reported, the choice of standardizer should always be specified.
In the next post we will learn about how to interpret Cohen's d.


Memory Alpha
Antiproton beam
Redirected from Anti-proton beam
38,692pages on
this wiki
Multiple realities
(covers information from several alternate timelines)
Planet killer fires antiproton beam, remastered
The "planet killer" fires a pure antiproton beam
An antiproton beam was a confined beam of antiprotons.
Encountered in 2267, the "planet killer" used a beam of "pure" antiprotons (an incredible scientific concept, at the time) as its primary weapon, capable of destroying whole planets. (TOS: "The Doomsday Machine")
When she was undercover with the Maquis, Seska developed a tactic by which she disabled the computer core of a Cardassian frigate above Bajor with a modified antiproton beam that penetrated its shields and hull. In 2372, Chakotay attempted to use the same tactic against Maje Culluh's Kazon raider, but Seska anticipated his plans and captured him. (VOY: "Maneuvers")
The Jem'Hadar used a type of antiproton beam to detect the USS Defiant through its Romulan cloaking device. The Cardassians later used this technique when the Defiant was hijacked by the Maquis in 2371. However, Thomas Riker, commanding the captured starship, was able to negate the beam by adjusting the resonance frequency of the cloaking device. (DS9: "The Search, Part I", "Defiant")
A Federation starship could increase its shields by a factor of ten by taking the warp drive offline, remodulating its shields to emit a beta-tachyon pulse, and then emitting a series of focused antiproton beams to the shield bubble. According to B'Elanna Torres, though, this procedure entailed significant risk of the shield bubble igniting and "burning [them] all to a crisp". (VOY: "The Q and the Grey")
In an alternate timeline, Doctor Phlox developed a medical procedure using a focused antiproton beam to eliminate interspatial parasites in the brain of Jonathan Archer. (ENT: "Twilight")
See alsoEdit
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


text:
|« Back to Article|
Texas drought killed 301 million trees
By Kathy Huber | September 25, 2012 | Updated: September 26, 2012 7:52am
The numbers are ugly. A whopping 301 million trees have died across state forestlands as a result of the 2011 drought, the Texas A&M Forest Service reported Tuesday.
The latest count was determined after a three-month, on-the-ground study of hundreds of forested plots, as well as satellite imagery from before and after the drought. It includes trees killed directly by the drought and those so weakened that they succumbed to insects and disease.
The Brazos Valley region took the heaviest hit, losing nearly 10 percent of its trees on forested land. North Texas and western northeast Texas lost 8.3 percent and 8.2 percent, respectively.
Harris County is included in the 6.5 percent loss in the western section of southeast Texas. That's nearly 19 million fewer trees than the near 290 million live tree count before the drought. Far east stretches of southeast Texas got better news: a 1.3 percent loss, down 7.5 million trees from pre-drought 597.1 million live trees.
The 301 million count falls about midway of the forest service's previous estimates of 100 to 500 million drought-related tree deaths.
Although still a huge toll, the good news is the forest is resilient, says Burl Carraway, department head for the Texas A&M Forest Service Sustainable Forestry department. Young, new trees eventually grow in the place of fallen dead trees.
"Tree death is a natural forest process," he said in a news release. "We just had more last year than previous years."
Most of the dead trees will stand until they fall, says Forest Service analyst Chris Edgar. This benefits wildlife and helps prevent soil erosion.
The dead trees, however, could become hazards in fire conditions.
The 301 million does not include trees that shade our home gardens, city parks and streets. Another 5.6 million urban trees have died from the drought, according to an earlier study done by the service's Urban Forest program.
Houstonians have been shaken by the drought-related gaps in our urban forest.
Forester Mickey Merritt roughly estimates the drought has taken 50 percent of the trees in the city's Memorial Park.
Nature will also gradually help re-green urban canopies. More help will come from those that residents are eager to replant.


Wavelet transform
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Wavelet series)
Jump to: navigation, search
An example of the 2D discrete wavelet transform that is used in JPEG2000.
In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (realor complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. Nowadays, wavelet transformation is one of the most popular candidates of the time-frequency-transformations. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform.
Formal definition[edit]
A function \psi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}) is called an orthonormal wavelet if it can be used to define a Hilbert basis, that is a complete orthonormal system, for the Hilbert space L^2(\mathbb{R}) of square integrable functions.
The Hilbert basis is constructed as the family of functions \{\psi_{jk}: j, k \in \Z\} by means of dyadic translations and dilations of \psi\,,
\psi_{jk}(x) = 2^\frac{j}{2} \psi(2^jx - k)\,
for integers j, k \in \mathbb{Z}.
This family is an orthonormal system if it is orthonormal under the standard inner product \langle f, g\rangle = \int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x)\overline{g(x)}dx on L^2(\mathbb{R}).
\langle\psi_{jk},\psi_{lm}\rangle = \delta_{jl}\delta_{km}
where \delta_{jl}\, is the Kronecker delta.
Completeness is satisfied if every function h \in L^2(\mathbb{R}) may be expanded in the basis as
h(x) = \sum_{j, k=-\infty}^\infty c_{jk} \psi_{jk}(x)
Wavelet transform[edit]
The integral wavelet transform is the integral transform defined as
\left[W_\psi f\right](a, b) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{|a|}} \int_{-\infty}^\infty \overline{\psi\left(\frac{x-b}{a}\right)}f(x)dx\,
The wavelet coefficients c_{jk} are then given by
c_{jk} = \left[W_\psi f\right]\left(2^{-j}, k2^{-j}\right)
Here, a = 2^{-j} is called the binary dilation or dyadic dilation, and b = k2^{-j} is the binary or dyadic position.
Basic idea[edit]
The fundamental idea of wavelet transforms is that the transformation should allow only changes in time extension, but not shape. This is effected by choosing suitable basis functions that allow for this.[how?] Changes in the time extension are expected to conform to the corresponding analysis frequency of the basis function. Based on the uncertainty principle of signal processing,
\Delta t \Delta \omega \geqq \frac{1}{2}
where t represents time and ω angular frequency (ω = 2πf, where f is temporal frequency).
The higher the required resolution in time, the lower the resolution in frequency has to be. The larger the extension of the analysis windows is chosen, the larger is the value of \Delta t[how?].
Basis function with compression factor.jpg
When Δt is large,
 1. Bad time resolution
 2. Good frequency resolution
 3. Low frequency, large scaling factor
When Δt is small
 1. Good time resolution
 2. Bad frequency resolution
 3. High frequency, small scaling factor
In other words, the basis function Ψ can be regarded as an impulse response of a system with which the function x(t) has been filtered. The transformed signal provides information about the time and the frequency. Therefore, wavelet-transformation contains information similar to the short-time-Fourier-transformation, but with additional special properties of the wavelets, which show up at the resolution in time at higher analysis frequencies of the basis function. The difference in time resolution at ascending frequencies for the Fourier transform and the wavelet transform is shown below.
STFT and WT.jpg
This shows that wavelet transformation is good in time resolution of high frequencies, while for slowly varying functions, the frequency resolution is remarkable.
Another example: The analysis of three superposed sinusoidal signals y(t) = \sin(2 \pi f_0 t) + \sin(4 \pi f_0 t) + \sin(8 \pi f_0 t) with STFT and wavelet-transformation.
Analysis of three superposed sinusoidal signals.jpg
Wavelet compression[edit]
Wavelet compression is a form of data compression well suited for image compression (sometimes also video compression and audio compression). Notable implementations are JPEG 2000, DjVu and ECW for still images, REDCODE, CineForm, the BBC's Dirac, and Ogg Tarkin for video. The goal is to store image data in as little space as possible in a file. Wavelet compression can be either lossless or lossy.[1]
Using a wavelet transform, the wavelet compression methods are adequate for representing transients, such as percussion sounds in audio, or high-frequency components in two-dimensional images, for example an image of stars on a night sky. This means that the transient elements of a data signal can be represented by a smaller amount of information than would be the case if some other transform, such as the more widespread discrete cosine transform, had been used.
See Diary Of An x264 Developer: The problems with wavelets (2010) for discussion of practical issues of current methods using wavelets for video compression.
First a wavelet transform is applied. This produces as many coefficients as there are pixels in the image (i.e., there is no compression yet since it is only a transform). These coefficients can then be compressed more easily because the information is statistically concentrated in just a few coefficients. This principle is called transform coding. After that, the coefficients are quantized and the quantized values are entropy encoded and/or run length encoded.
A few 1D and 2D applications of wavelet compression use a technique called "wavelet footprints".[2][3]
Comparison with wavelet transformation, Fourier transformation and time-frequency analysis[edit]
Transformation Representation Output
Fourier transform f(\xi) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x)e^{-2 \pi ix \xi}\, dx ξ, frequency
Time-frequency analysis X(t, f) t, time; f, frequency
Wavelet transform X(a,b) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\overline{\Psi\left(\frac{t - b}{a}\right)} x(t)\, dt a, scaling; b, time
Other practical applications[edit]
The wavelet transform can provide us with the frequency of the signals and the time associated to those frequencies, making it very convenient for its application in numerous fields. For instance, signal processing of accelerations for gait analysis,[4] for fault detection,[5] for design of low power pacemakers and also in ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications.[6]
(1) Discretizing of the c-τ-axis
Applied the following discretization of frequency and time:
 c_n &= c_0^n \\
 \tau_m &= m \cdot T \cdot c_0^n
Leading to wavelets of the form, the discrete formula for the basis wavelet:
\Psi(k, n, m) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{c_0^n}}\cdot\Psi\left[\frac{k - m c_0^n}{c_0^n}T\right] = \frac{1}{\sqrt{c_0^n}}\cdot\Psi\left[\left(\frac{k}{c_0^n} - m\right)T\right]
Such discrete wavelets can be used for the transformation:
Y_{DW}(n, m) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{c_0^n}}\cdot\sum_{k=0}^{K - 1} y(k)\cdot\Psi\left[\left(\frac{k}{c_0^n} - m\right)T\right]
(2) Implementation via the FFT (fast Fourier transform)
As apparent from wavelet-transformation representation (shown below)
Y_W(c, \tau) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\cdot\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} y(k) \cdot \Psi\left(\frac{t - \tau}{c}\right)\, dt
where c is scaling factor, τ represents time shift factor
and as already mentioned in this context, the wavelet-transformation corresponds to a convolution of a function y(t) and a wavelet-function. A convolution can be implemented as a multiplication in the frequency domain. With this the following approach of implementation results into:
 - Fourier-transformation of signal y(k) with the FFT
 - Selection of a discrete scaling factor c_n
 - Scaling of the wavelet-basis-function by this factor c_n and subsequent FFT of this function
 - Multiplication with the transformed signal YFFT of the first step
 -


Accessing Sparse Matrices
Nonzero Elements
There are several commands that provide high-level information about the nonzero elements of a sparse matrix:
 - nnz returns the number of nonzero elements in a sparse matrix.
 - nonzeros returns a column vector containing all the nonzero elements of a sparse matrix.
 - nzmax returns the amount of storage space allocated for the nonzero entries of a sparse matrix.
To try some of these, load the supplied sparse matrix west0479, one of the Harwell-Boeing collection.
load west0479
 Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
 M_full 1100x1100 _PHONE_ double
 M_sparse 1100x1100 5004 double sparse
 west0479 479x479 24564 double sparse
This matrix models an eight-stage chemical distillation column.
Try these commands.
ans =
format short e
west0479 =
 (25,1) 1.0000e+00
 (31,1) -3.7648e-02
 (87,1) -3.4424e-01
 (26,2) 1.0000e+00
 (31,2) -2.4523e-02
 (88,2) -3.7371e-01
 (27,3) 1.0000e+00
 (31,3) -3.6613e-02
 (89,3) -8.3694e-01
 (28,4) 1.3000e+02
 ans =
 Note: Use Ctrl+C to stop the nonzeros listing at any time.
Note that initially nnz has the same value as nzmax by default. That is, the number of nonzero elements is equivalent to the number of storage locations allocated for nonzeros. However, MATLAB® software does not dynamically release memory if you zero out additional array elements. Changing the value of some matrix elements to zero changes the value of nnz, but not that of nzmax.
However, you can add as many nonzero elements to the matrix as desired. You are not constrained by the original value of nzmax.
Indices and Values
For any matrix, full or sparse, the find function returns the indices and values of nonzero elements. Its syntax is
[i,j,s] = find(S)
find returns the row indices of nonzero values in vector i, the column indices in vector j, and the nonzero values themselves in the vector s. The example below uses find to locate the indices and values of the nonzeros in a sparse matrix. The sparse function uses the find output, together with the size of the matrix, to recreate the matrix.
[i,j,s] = find(S)
[m,n] = size(S)
S = sparse(i,j,s,m,n)
Indexing in Sparse Matrix Operations
Because sparse matrices are stored in compressed sparse column format, there are different costs associated with indexing into a sparse matrix than there are indexing into a full matrix. For example, consider the 4-by-4 identity matrix:
To replace the 2,1 entry with the number 3, you would do this:
A =
 1 0 0 0
 3 1 0 0
 0 0 1 0
 0 0 0 1
Now suppose you were working on a sparse matrix:
The find command returns the indices and values of the nonzero components of a matrix:
ans =
 1 1 1
 2 2 1
 3 3 1
 4 4 1
If you wanted to change a value in this matrix, you might be tempted to use the same indexing:
B(3,1) = 42;
This code does work, however, it is slow. Since MATLAB stores sparse matrices in compressed sparse column format, it needs to overwrite multiple entries in B.
ans =
 1 1 1
 3 1 42
 2 2 1
 3 3 1
 4 4 1
In order to store the new matrix with '42' at (3,1), MATLAB overwrites all matrix values after 3,1 and adds an additional row to the nonzero values vector and the row indices vectors.
Instead of using subscripted assignment, try using the sparse command to construct the matrix from the triplets. For example, suppose you wanted the sparse form of the coordinate matrix C:
You can use indexing:
but this has the same issue that many of the entries in C need to be overwritten. If you use a loop, you exacerbate the inefficiency:
for k=1:3
Instead of rewriting every matrix entry when you want to rewrite one, construct the three-column matrix directly with the sparse function:
i = [1 4 2 4 3 4 1 2 3 4]';
j = [1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4]';
s = [4 -1 4 -1 4 -1 -1 -1 -1 4]';
CSP = sparse(i,j,s);
For more information on how MATLAB stores sparse matrices, see John R. Gilbert, Cleve Moler, and Robert Schreiber's Sparse Matrices In Matlab: Design and Implementation, (SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, 13:1, 333–356 (1992)).
Visualizing Sparse Matrices
It is often useful to use a graphical format to view the distribution of the nonzero elements within a sparse matrix. The MATLAB spy function produces a template view of the sparsity structure, where each point on the graph represents the location of a nonzero array element.
For example:
Load the supplied sparse matrix west0479, one of the Harwell-Boeing collection.
load west0479
View the sparsity structure.
Was this topic helpful?


Cigarette smoke-induced differential gene expression in blood cells from monozygotic twin pairs
D.M. van Leeuwen, E. van Agen, R.W. Gottschalk, R. Vlietinck, M.J.F. Gielen, M.H.M. van Herwijnen, L.M. Maas, J.C. Kleinjans, J.H.M. van Delft*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
Chemical carcinogenesis induced by life style factors like cigarette smoking is a major research area in molecular epidemiology. Gene expression analysis of large numbers of genes simultaneously using microarrays holds the opportunity to study the effects of such an exposure at the genome level yielding more mechanism-based information. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate multiple gene expressions in blood, indicative for the effects caused by cigarette smoke. Smoking-discordant monozygotic twin pairs (n=9) were studied to diminish influences of genetic background. Using a dedicated microarray containing 600 toxicologically relevant genes, we investigated which genes are differentially expressed in smokers compared to non-smokers. We also looked for genes of which the expression changes correlated with DNA-adducts, a biomarker of effective dose for exposure to cigarette smoke carcinogens. The mean DNA adduct level in smokers differed significantly from that in non-smokers (mean +/- standard error 1.96 +/- 0.24 versus 1.17 +/- 0.16 adducts/10(8) nucleotides respectively; p=0.04). The genes of which the expression differed most significantly between smokers and non-smokers are ATF4, MAPK14, SOD2, CYP1B1 and SERPINB2. CYP1B1 and SOD2 can directly be linked to cigarette smoke exposure, whereas the other genes are associated with stress or environmentally induced response. Main functions of the genes influenced by cigarette smoking comprise carcinogen metabolism, oxidative stress response and anti-apoptosis.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)691-697
Issue number3
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2007
Cite this


text:
Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction
This book examines the political and moral challenges that face the vast majority of human beings who consider themselves to be members of various nations. It explores nationality through the difficulties and conflicts that have arisen throughout history, and discusses nations and nationalism from social, philosophical, and anthropological perspectives. In this fascinating Very Short Introduction, Steven Grosby looks at the nation in history, the territorial element in nationality, and the complex ways nationality has co-existed with religion, and shows how closely linked the concept of nationalism is with being human. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
What people are saying - Write a review
Review: Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)User Review - Kathleen O'Neal - Goodreads
This book definitely deepened by understanding of and interest in the topic. Definitely recommended. Read full review
Review: Nationalism: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)User Review - Evelyn - Goodreads
Although it's meant to be written as an introduction to Nationalism, I'd only recommend it as such if you've done some prior background reading to the subject beforehand. I found it very useful using... Read full review


text:
address volume rendering. Fujishiro et al. extended the Reeb graph to a hyper Reeb graph (HRG), to capture the topological skeleton of volumetric data. Their overall objective was to provide automatic setting of parameter values for volume data mining. Based on the HRG results, they constructed multiple semitransparent isosurfaces and decomposed the volume to nonoverlapping interval volumes. They also proposed two principles for designing transfer functions to accentuate the topological change in the volume data.
Fujishrio et al. demonstrated the effectiveness of their approach on a hydrogen ion-atom collision problem data set. By using their proposed volume data mining approach, they could identify the collision without going through the entire 10 4 time steps of 61 3 volume data. Furthermore, they obtained a better understanding of the inner structure of distorted electron density distribution.
In this case study, Fujishiro et al. assumed that the data was to be described in a volumetric form and that adequate data sets were available. Hence, their case study spans stages 3 to 5 of the life cycle. Furthermore, because the acquired knowledge about the topological structure of volume data sets was represented in HRG form, both the scientists and developers could easily select the proper parameters for visualizing the volumetric data. This reduces the number of iterations of the life cycle stages.
Fujishiro and his collaborators sincerely believe that their case study is quite successful:
With the new term "volume data mining," we would like to say that the proposed method could enrich the traditional volume visualization techniques, to provide the scientists and developers with the "serendipity" for visual exploration of large-scale volume data sets. It is just like a benevolent wizard living in the mountains who can [point] with his magic cane to let the village people know the first position to dig, where an unknown fountain never fails to appear.
These case studies demonstrate the iterative nature of the scientific visualization process. They also show the need to adapt existing techniques to new applications. Designing a visualization solution/system therefore requires taking the iterative and adaptive processes into consideration.


text:
United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA) is uniquely privileged to issue stamps along with postal authorities of host countries by the Universal Postal Authority (UPU). The other entities issuing stamps are either a country or a territory. UN offices that issue stamps are located in New York, Geneva, and Vienna. The first stamps were issued October 24th, 1951 in New York and were built around the theme "People's of the World." This and the ones with the theme of "UN Headquarters Building" and "Peace, Justice, Security" formed the first three issues. These were all definitive issues and in keeping with the true United Nations spirit affordable at 1c, 1.5c, and 3c denominations.
The primary purpose was for UN official correspondence originating from their offices. They can be used for private correspondence too with the caveats being:
- Only stamps denominated in the host country currency may be used at that country's United Nations office. i.e., a stamp denominated in Swiss Francs cannot be used in the offices in Vienna where the currency is in Euros.
- The stamps cannot be used in mailings outside of UN offices.
- Express Mail and Priority mail are unavailable for private mailings.
- Private mailings are limited to 100 pieces.
Significant time and money is spent on the design and quality control of UN stamps making these extremely high quality stamps with an aesthetic appeal. Sheer volume accounts for the majority of UN stamps sporting only a trivial catalog value. Early issues (50's – 70's) sold in the millions. Collector interest sagged from the late 70's as UN issues were deemed similar to CTO stamps – issued in the millions with only a small percentage used for postage because of the restrictions. Consequently, sale of many issues in the 80's and 90's were well below the one million mark. UNPA reacted by reducing the printings of issues (roughly 500,000) and hiking instead the number of issues in a given year. This series of events caused older UN stamps catalog for a lower value compared to recent issues – another unique fact!
Issues with Significant Philatelic Interest:
The first UN issue with a significant catalog value is the 1954 UN NY Scott #29 3c Orange-Brown mother and child (Human Rights Issue) that catalogs for $12 for a mint copy and $5 for the used. Issue #30 which catalogs for a much lower value is along the same theme and together they form the mother and child set. This set can be acquired easily for about $5 in mint condition:
Among the stamps issued in the first twenty years, the most valuable issue is the UN NY Scott #38 10th anniversary souvenir sheet that catalogs for well over $100 for a mint copy. Used or FDC versions of the same set catalogs for one-tenth of that value. Nevertheless, in the world of serious philately, these are considered "very affordable":
One significant issue from the 1980s with higher standing is the vast flags set issued in sets of 8 to 16 stamps at a time for a total of 192 stamps (originally 168 scattered between Scott Numbers 325 & 569). Although huge with the combined catalog value exceeding $200, the series can be acquired through eBay for around $50:
Philatelic themes also have an appreciative audience with the Pacific 1997 Earth Summit Souvenir Sheet (UN NY Scott # 708a) with the stamp expo inscription in the border cataloging at $25. The 1997 "Tribute to Philately" issue (UN NY Scott# 714 & 715) is another issue under the philatelic theme but they catalog for far less. Anniversary issues are again an extremely affordable popular theme.
United Nations (UN) stamps have unique characteristics placing them in a well recognized area of collecting:
- The designs and quality are graceful making for a good showing.
- For the most part, affordability makes them suitable for new collectors in the philatelic world.
- As they sell at a significant discount to face value, they are a frugal alternative for those residing near a UN office.
Last Updated: 07/2011.


Kinney Law, pc
 1. Home
 2. »
 3. Blog
 4. » Factors that can impact Breathalyzer accuracy
Factors that can impact Breathalyzer accuracy
| Feb 6, 2018 | Blog, Firm News |
If you find yourself traveling through Sturgis or another part of South Dakota and a law enforcement officer pulls you over and believes you are driving while intoxicated, he or she will likely ask you to take a breath test with a device known as a Breathalyzer. Breathalyzers assess the amount of alcohol you have in your body to give authorities a sense of how impaired you might be behind the wheel. While, if used and calibrated properly, these devices are often accurate, there are several factors that can cause them to produce false results.
Because the penalties linked with drinking and driving in South Dakota are so substantial, it is critical that your breath test reveal accurate, and not falsely elevated, results. However, it may produce a false reading of your blood alcohol content if:
Radio waves or electric signals interfere
There are several environmental factors that can impact Breathalyzer accuracy, and one of them is the presence of electronic interference. If authorities administer your breath test near, say, a cellphone tower, the signals the tower emits could potentially throw off your test results. Even the police radio coming from the parked cruiser could potentially affect the results of your breath test.
You have vomit or blood in your mouth
Vomit or blood in your mouth during a breath test can also impact results and potentially lead to a drinking and driving charge you do not deserve. If authorities are aware that you have vomit or blood in your mouth when they attempt to give you the breath test, they typically know to wait a set amount of time before trying to test you again.
You have diabetes
If you are diabetic and your body is producing ketones, this, too, can make it appear as if you have been consuming alcohol when you have not. Some testing devices pick up on anything on your breath that has a methyl molecule structure, which might be alcohol, or something else entirely.
A whole lot hinges on the numbers this device displays, so if you have any reason to believe its results might not be accurate, consider performing some additional research.


text:
As the first of its kind, this book provides a valuable introduction for scientists and engineers interested in liquid/fluid interfaces and disperse systems to the rapidly developing area of adsorption dynamics. It is the first extensive review available on the subject of dynamics of adsorption and gives a general summary of the current state of adsorption kinetics theory and experiments. Current progress in recently designed set-ups and improved and generalised known methods for studying interfacial relaxations is reviewed. In addition, the role of the electric charge of surfactants in the adsorption process is discussed in terms of a non-equilibrium distribution of adsorbing ions in the diffuse layer.
Present theories of the effect of dynamic adsorption layers on mobile surfaces, such as moving drops and bubbles, based on both diffusion and kinetic controlled adsorption models are described and efficient approximate analytical methods to solve the mathematical problem of coupling surfactant transport and hydrodynamics are introduced. The role of a dynamic adsorption layer in bubble rising, film drainage and film stabilisation and in complex processes such as flotation and microflotation is discussed.
Containing more than 1100 references, the book is essential reading for industrial scientists and graduate and post-graduate students in physical, surface and colloid chemistry, physico-chemical hydrodynamics, water purification and mineral processing.


Crear una cuenta
One-click unsubscribe later if you don't enjoy the newsletter.
Iniciar sesión
 ¿Ha olvidado su contraseña?
 or Log In with your Facebook Account
 ¡Siga a Sus Favoritos!
Adventure Quarterly Issues 5-8 Subscription (PFRPG)
Adventure Quarterly Issues 5-8 Subscription (PFRPG)
Ars Lingua $5.00 $3.50
Editorial: Tangent Games
por Shane O. [Featured Reviewer] Fecha en que fue añadido: 12/25/06 00:00:00
Ars Lingua is a supplement from Tangent Games. As part of their Campaign Dealer line of products, this book is world-neutral. The zipped file is just over 1.2 megabytes in size, and contains a single PDF file. The PDF is fifty-nine pages long, taking into account a page for the cover, half-a-page for the credits/legal, a page for the table of contents, one-and-a-half pages of ads, and a page for the OGL. The table of contents is hyperlinked, and the product has full bookmarks.
Perhaps fittingly, Ars Lingua, as a book about the written word, has little in the way of illustrations. The cover is full-color, though it?s subtle, with only light shades in the background of the Rosetta Stone. Beyond the color images in the ads, the only pictures in the book are the two pictures of example NPCs for the new prestige classes; there aren?t even illustrations for page borders. This makes the lack of a printer-friendly version largely a non-issue.
Ars Lingua attempts to add more depth to the way the d20 System handles language. It notes that having language be so easy, with a skill point or two conferring total written and spoken literacy, is too dismissive of one of the most fundamental building blocks of how we interact with the world. Anyone who has ever tried to learn a foreign language knows that it takes more than one or two skill points.
The book makes some bold first steps to correcting this. First, the Speak Language skill becomes Speak Language and Read/Write Language. Next, each language is measured the same way other skills are, with varying skill ranks; a rank of 20 means you?re fluent in that language. Characters get, based on their Intelligence at character creation, extra ranks to their native language (apparently in violation of the cap on skill ranks by level, though that?s never called out), as well as extra ranks to a few other languages. While the book mentions that these rules are optional, much of it assumes that you?ll use these changes. Perhaps disappointingly, there?s no mention given to any sort of epic uses for these rules? what does it mean to have more than 20 ranks in a language skill, for instance?
The book then moves on to new skills. Here, it gives a proper description of their revised Speak Language skill, as well as Read/Write Language, two new Profession skills (cryptographer and translator), and Use Signal Device.
The next few sections deal with crunch ubiquitous to most kinds new supplements. Nineteen new feats are given, two of them metamagic. Many of them deal with the aforementioned new way of measuring languages. Bilingual, for example, lets you have two native languages, applying your bonus skill points at character creation to both of them. Others are modeled around making a Speak Language skill check (dealt with later in the book).
Several items of new non-magical equipment are then given, before the spells section begins. Interestingly, the spells section begins by reinterpreting several spells from the PHB to fit in with the new rules on language. After that, fourteen new spells are given, and while they?re all fairly innovative, you get the feeling more could have been added. There?s no?zone of understanding? spell, wherein everyone can automatically understand everyone else, for example. The magic items section is quite short, barely listing potions and wands based on the new spells before giving seven new magic items. Worry not though: the babel fish is here.
The next section is decidedly different, as it expands n the first section in terms of the game rules for language. It first deals with spoken communication, and gives explanations and rules for using dialects, slang, and accents with the new language rules here, as well as for pidgin, creole, and non-standard languages. For non-spoken communication, it covers and gives mechanics for the four different forms of written language (alphabetic, featural, syllabic, and logographic), as well as things such as sign language, pheromones, codes, and more.
Dead languages are then touched on briefly, before two new prestige classes are given. The Linguist is a master of verbal communication, whereas the Rune Master is one of non-spoken communication. Both have an array of special abilities given for both using and not using the optional language rules from the beginning of the book. Each also has a sample NPC statted up. Finally, the book closes out with expanded magic item tables taking into account the items in the DMG, and here.
All in all, Ars Lingua does a very good job of expanding the language options in standard d20. By breaking speaking and reading/writing into different skills, and having each language be treated like a separate skill, but at the same time giving fairly generous language-only skill points at character creation, the book lets you more closely simulate what it?s like knowing a foreign language. Likewise, there?s plenty of new feats, spells, magic items and more here to build on that. Still, some more polishing would have helped. The first section doesn?t explicitly say that the bonus skill points can exceed the normal cap on skill ranks (though that?s obviously their intent), nor are the sections of hard crunch very expansive. Perhaps the biggest complaint about this product is that it fires the imagination, but doesn?t go as far as what it inspires. It could easily have handled twice as many new spells, magic items, etc., as well as given things like epic language uses.
Still, Ars Lingua does a very good job of giving you a wider vocabulary for languages in your game. This is a product that proves that mere pictures are not worth a thousand words.
LIKED: The new rules for language usage were great, firing the imagination, and the crunch that expands on them is the icing on the cake.
DISLIKED: While this product had a lot, it could have done much more. Even a single read-through is enough to inspire ideas that weren't touch on in the book.
QUALITY: Excellent
VALUE: Very Satisfied
[4 de 5 Estrellas!]
You must be logged in to rate this
Ars Lingua
Plse para mostrar la descripción del producto
Añadir al pedido
0 artículos
 Información de la editorial
Tangent Games
Tangent Games
Publisher Average Rating
See All Reviews
Publisher Homepage
Otros productos (55)
 Gift Certificates
Get Your Favorite Gamers What They REALLY Want...
$10 Gift Certificate
Powered by DrivethruRPG


The Lincoln League
Invisible people make the best spies.
As slaves for most of their lives, they have been treated as invisible people, barely worth notice. Now, with the Civil War marching down upon them, they decide to use their "invisibility" for the Northern cause. They become spies.
This thrilling tale is based on the real life of John Scobell, one of the first black spies in our nation's intelligence service. But as John collects secrets in northern Virginia, he has no idea that the wife he left behind in Richmond has a secret of her own. She too has become a spy in the heart of the Confederacy, and she uncovers information about Rebel submarines that could change the course of the war.
John Scobell works alongside the network of black spies active throughout the South—the Lincoln Legal Loyal League. But their world unravels when someone begins picking off agents, one by one.
In the beginning, John saw the war as a fight for honor, glory, and freedom. Suddenly, for John and Peg, it becomes a fight just to survive. Based on the true story of John Scobell.
260 pages - This is NOT a graphic novel


text:
In math, irrational numbers are those that can't be represented by simple fractions.
Two examples are pi and the square root of 2. Designed by a mathematician, for mathematicians (and others in the know, like engineers and scientists), this clock tells time in irrational numbers logically placed on a 360-degree circle. For example, pi (3.14159...) is just a few degrees past where the 3 would be on a regular clock face.
Black with white markings and hands, metal clock runs on 1 AA battery. 12" diameter.


request_post(path, data, initheader = nil) public
Sends a POST request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, yields an HTTPResponse object. The body of this response will not have been read yet; the caller can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
 # example
 response = http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...')
 p response.status
 puts response.body # body is already read
 # using block
 http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...') {|response|
 p response.status
 p response['content-type']
 response.read_body do |str| # read body now
 print str
Show source
Register or log in to add new notes.


text:
The Four Lost American Ideals
Oliver DeMille draws from intensive study of the Founding generation to identify five defining ideals of Americanism:
- Public Virtue
Although the first, freedom, has not yet been fully lost, it is steadily declining because of the loss of the other four. These four ideals permeated early American society but have largely been forgotten.
The word "georgics" comes from the Greek* "geo," meaning earth, and "ergon," meaning work. The literal translation, therefore, means to work, or farm the earth.
Translated to fit modern times, the essence of the word is "ownership."
America was built on the backs of free and independent owners. The more owners we have, the more freedom we enjoy, and vice versa.
(*Note that Oliver inadvertently misspoke during the live presentation and says the word "georgics" comes from the Latin.)
There are two aspects to the concept of providence: 1) there is a Higher Power, or God, and 2) God has a specific purpose — or mission — for every individual.
Those who believe in and submit to providence live virtuous and courageous lives of service and leave legacies. They work with passion and purpose. They live by design, rather than default.
"Liber" is a Latin word for tree bark. It's also the root word of "library" and "liberty," revealing the relationship between knowledge and freedom.
In the ancient world tree bark used to write on, and there were generally two groups of people: slaves and liber. To be "liber" meant that one could read, write and engage in contract.
Liber means much more than mere literacy — it means that you have the ability to think, learn and lead. It means being able to engage with the greatest thinkers, respond intelligently, and practically apply knowledge to improve the world.
Public virtue means to voluntarily sacrifice personal benefit for the good of society.
Those who have lived the first three ideals (liberally educated owners engaged in personal mission) can apply public virtue to transform society when it matters most.
In addition to learning the depths of these four lost ideals, when you purchase the lecture you'll also learn the following:
- What common citizens did to prepare for America's founding
- What it truly means to be an "American" and the formula for becoming one
- The three types of society, as outlined by Montesquieu
- What America's national character is and why it matters
- The fundamental issue in the famous debate between Thomas Jefferson & Alexander Hamilton
- The three types of education and how only one can restore the four lost ideals
- How the outcome of the Revolutionary War depended on one, largely-unknown man
- What Jefferson sacrificed by writing the Declaration of Independence


Question: What Does The 8 Above The Treble Clef Mean?
What does the 8 under a treble clef mean?
A very small "8" at the bottom of the treble clef symbol means that the notes should sound one octave lower than they are written.
Figure 6: A small "8" at the bottom of a treble clef means that the notes should sound one octave lower than written..
What octave is middle C?
In that system, middle C (the first ledger line above the bass staff or the first ledger line below the treble staff) is C4. An octave higher than middle C is C5, and an octave lower than middle C is C3.
What is the highest note ever sung?
The truth is, coloraturas in a range of genres have been singing A6s, and notes much higher, for a long time. The highest note on record is a G10 sung by Georgia Brown, a Brazilian dance/electric singer.
What does 8va Bassa mean?
An Italian term meaning at the octave (below). Abbreviated as 8va bassa, 8a b. or more commonly today, 8vb. When written below a passage it indicates the passage be performed one octave lower than written.
How do you write two octaves higher?
15ma notation Like the notation 8va for octave (Italian: ottava), 15ma (Italian: quindicesima) means "play two octaves higher than written." It could also mean two octaves lower, but that is usually notated 15mb.
Why is C the middle note?
Because when they decided to name the notes with letters, they took a minor scale and named the notes "naturally": A, B, C, D, E, F, G. This is what we know as the A minor scale. … Now if we want to use the same "natural" notes in a major scale, then we need to start with C.
What does the number above the treble clef mean?
[English] This is a normal treble clef symbol with the number 8 printed above or below. The addition of the number 8 directs the musician to perform the music an octave higher than indicated (with the number 8 printed above) or an octave lower than indicated (with the number 8 printed below).
What is another name for treble clef?
G ClefFirst, we will discuss the Treble Clef (also called the G Clef). The staff line which the clef wraps around (shown in red) is known as G. Any note placed on this line becomes G.
Why is it called G clef?
The treble clef is also called the "G clef" because the symbol at the beginning of the staff (a stylized letter "G") encircles the second line of the staff, indicating that line to be G4 (or G above middle C).
Why does an octave start on C?
As I understand it, when letters were first assigned to notes, A was simply the lowest of the range of notes being used. Sharps and flats were gradually added so that scales could be transposed, but C became the "tonic" of the natural notes. …
What does 8va in music mean?
an Octave (Latin, octavus, literally meaning "eighth") is sometimes abbreviated to 8ve. 8va stands for ottava – the Italian word for octave. The notation 8va (as seen in sheet music) means to play this an octave higher than written.
What does both hands 8va mean?
8va only applies to the notes that it is written above. So if the 8va is written above the right hand, then just the right hand plays an octave higher. … If the composer desires to have both hands 8va, that is notated. It may say "8va both hands" written above the music that should be played an octave higher.
What is the 5 lines called in music?
Staff, also spelled stave, in the notation of Western music, five parallel horizontal lines that, with a clef, indicate the pitch of musical notes.
What is another name for F clef?
The Definition F-clef The F-clef is another term for the bass staff, which is the large musical symbol at the beginning of the piano's bottom staff (or bass staff). It is called the F-clef because its top curl and two dots highlight the staff's F line.
What does 8ba mean?
play an octave lower than written8va means play an octave higher than written; 8ba means play an octave lower than written.


text:
A listed building is a building, object or structure that has been judged to be of national historical or architectural interest.
A listed building is a building included on a register called the 'List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest', drawn up by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. In the Act any object or structure fixed to the building is treated as part of the listed building, as is any object or structure within the curtilage of the building, which although not fixed to the building, forms part of the land and has done so since before 1 July 1948.
Listed Buildings in the borough
To find out whether a building is listed or not, check the Heritage Gateway.
If you own a property that is listed or are planning to carry out some improvement to a listed building please read on.
Listed buildings are placed in one of three grades, which give an indication of their relative importance - grade I, grade II* or grade II. Grade I and II* listed buildings are a small proportion (about 6 per cent nationally) of all listed buildings. They are particularly important to the nation's built heritage as buildings of outstanding architectural or historic interest. The remaining buildings are listed grade II and represent an important part of our built heritage which is given special protection.
Grading can be changed where re-evaluation takes place after damage or alteration, or as more evidence of a building's history or architectural quality comes to light. But the statutory controls on alterations apply equally to all listed buildings whatever the grade.
The following are the main criteria, which the DCMS uses in deciding which buildings to include on the statutory list:
Architectural interest Buildings of importance because of their design, decoration and craftsmanship; also important examples of particular building types and techniques and building of significant plan forms;
Historic Interest Illustrations of important aspects of the nation's social, economic, cultural or military history;
Historic Association Close historical association with nationally important people or events;
Group value Especially where buildings comprise an important architectural or historic group or a fine example of planning, such as squares, terraces or model villages.
The older a building is, and the fewer the surviving examples of its kind, the more likely it is to have historic importance. All buildings built before 1700 which survive in anything like their original condition are listed and most buildings built between 1700 and 1840 are listed. Buildings erected after 1840 may be listed where they are the best examples of particular building types and only buildings of definite quality and character are listed. Buildings that are less than 30 years old, are normally listed only if they are of outstanding quality and under threat. Buildings are not listed until they are at least ten years old.
Buildings are added (or removed) from the list by the DCMS Listing, Archaeology and World Heritage branch, on the advice of specialist inspectors employed by English Heritage. A building is added in one of 3 ways:
There is no requirement to consult the owners before a building is listed but unless an inspector is aware of a specific threat, they will contact the owner. There is also no right of appeal against a listing and no right to compensation for loss of redevelopment opportunities.
The DCMS will consider a request to review a listing providing the request is accompanied by new evidence relating specifically to the architectural or historic interest of the building. Evidence about a building's condition and cost of repairing or maintaining it or redevelopment plans can not be considered by the DCMS. If you want a building to be listed or a listing to be reconsidered, you must write to:
Department of Culture Media and Sport Listing, Archaeology and World Heritage Branch
You do not need to be the owner of a building. The DCMS does not normally consider a request for de-listing when:
Any request for a listing review should be accompanied by:
The Statutory List includes a description of each building, which may refer to some, but not all, important features of an historic building. Every part of a building is listed, including the interior and any later alterations or additions. Even if a feature (internal or external) is not included on the description, it does not mean that it is not of interest and it is still part of the listed building.
You will need the council's consent to demolish a listed building or for any alteration or extension which would affect its character as a building of architectural or historic interest. The need for listed building consent is different from planning permission but the process is very similar.
It is a criminal offence to carry out works to a listed building without prior listed building consent - even if you did not know that the building was listed. Carrying out unauthorised work is punishable by a fine or a prison sentence and the council can require you to put the building back the way it was.
Regular maintenance and 'like for like' repairs do not need listed building consent but it would be required if the repairs include removal of historic material or changes to its character. For example, internal alterations that include removal of historic doors, fireplaces or plaster work or replacement of external doors or windows would require consent.
Painting and internal decorating does not need Listed Building Consent but any external painting may require consent as it may affect the character of the Listed Building. Replacement of modern kitchen and bathroom fittings does not require consent.
Advice on maintenance and repairs is available from the council and is recommended as the effect is not always straight forward. You can contact us if you are unsure whether you need permission, or for more advice on what type of work would require listed building consent.
Emergency work can be carried out to a listed building without prior consent providing you can subsequently prove all of the following:
You will need to fill in a listed building application form. The listed building consent process is very similar to the planning process and for most cases it will take eight weeks to process an application.
Advice to owners or developers and their professional agents is an important part of the listed building application process and Planning Officers are available to discuss your proposal before you submit your application. Except for the most simple applications it is advisable to employ an agent who is familiar with the policies and procedures of the council and is able to complete the necessary Heritage Statement.
Generally, the council seeks to preserve listed buildings, their settings and any features of architectural or historic interest. We would not normally approve an application to demolish a listed building, allow alterations that would involve the loss of historic parts of the building, obscure the original plan form, layout or structural integrity, or otherwise diminish the historic value of listed buildings. The council also aims to keep listed buildings in their original use, or if this use no longer exists, in another use that causes least harm to the building. Many buildings can sustain some sensitive alterations or extensions to accommodate continuing or new uses. But listed buildings vary greatly in the extent to which they can be changed without harm to their special architectural or historic interest. Additional detailed guidance is included in the government's National Planning Policy Framework.
Not all listed buildings are cared for by their owners. In certain cases of deliberate neglect or long term vacancy, a listed building is put on the register of Buildings at Risk. A register is drawn up by English Heritage for grades I and II*.
The council has legal powers to serve an Urgent Works Notice or Repairs Notice on a listed building owner, requiring repair works to be carried out to prevent further decay. The notice will specify the works, which are considered reasonably necessary for the preservation of the building. An Urgent Works Notice is restricted to emergency repairs only - for example works to keep a building wind and weather-proof and secure against vandalism. A Repairs Notice is not restricted to urgent works and may include works to preserve architectural details but can not be used to restore lost features.
In extreme cases where building owners have not taken reasonable steps to preserve a listed building, the council can do the work at the owner's cost or compulsorily purchase a building at risk.
If you are aware of an historic building which is either derelict or not being properly preserved you can the Planning Team who will inspect the building and advise you what action they intend to take.
For information on zero rated VAT building works contact HM Revenue and Customs (on the web link on the right Building and construction work and VAT scroll down the page to 'Work on buildings other than ordinary homes that may be reduced-rated or zero-rated').
The governments national planning website, Planning Portal, also has useful information along with organisations such as English Heritage and National Monuments Record Centre.
This page was last updated on 09/11/2012


text:
Both physical education (PE) and classroom teachers can use Sworkit Kids to get kids exercising. It's a perfect short activity to get students moving after a long lesson or first thing in the morning, or as a longer activity during gym class. Sworkit Kids can be used anywhere that the app can be shown to students: in PE class, in a regular classroom, at home, outside, inside, while watching television, while doing homework, or with friends or family.
No sign-up is needed to use Sworkit Kids, and there are no ads. Because the exercises are demonstrated visually, it's useful for English language learners (ELLs) as well as students with hearing impairments. Very little space is needed for each student, but the exercises will still get them moving enough to get a good workout. Students can share their favorite workouts with friends and family, and students can also do these workouts at home.Continue reading Show less
Sworkit Kids is an exercise and fitness app aimed at students in elementary and middle school, though it can be used for students of all ages and even adults. The app guides students through exercise routines focusing on strength, agility, flexibility, and balance, such as doing the crab crawl, squats, or side plank. It combines interval training with randomized exercises so it's never the same workout twice. Exercises are demonstrated in videos starring kids. Students then do each of the exercises for 30 seconds along with the kids on the screen. Workouts can be from five to 60 minutes or a custom workout length. App users can also skip to the next exercise or skip back to a previous one just by tapping the arrows, but this won't affect the overall workout length. The exercise timer only counts down during the exercising times, not in between.
Sworkit Kids comes with a built-in custom workout already available (Kids Beginner Full Body Workout, with 24 exercises), but you can still choose how long the workout should last. Intermediate and advanced workouts are also available. You can also design your own custom workout, choosing from 66 different exercises from all three categories. You can copy a popular workout; some of these will be in different languages, and some are geared toward specific groups, such as Third Grade or Pre-Game Warm-Up or Standing Only Workout (for when the ground isn't conducive to exercising). The are other features, including setting reminders, toggling exercise cues and next-exercise countdown, and auto-play, as well as offering content in 12 different languages.
Sworkit Kids is an ideal app to teach students how to do some basic movement exercises that they can use throughout their lives: strength, agility, flexibility, and balance. The app is simple and completely ad-free, so it's easy to use at any time without worrying about privacy issues. The exercises are manageable for most kids and adults, and are reminiscent of the body movement exercises that adults today might have done in gym class.
The variety of exercises is enough to keep learning fresh, but limited enough so that students will quickly become familiar with how to perform each exercise. Reminders keep students exercising regularly, and even short workouts will increase fitness quickly. Since exercises are demonstrated visually, students won't necessarily need to be able to read or be able to hear the app's sound to follow along. There are also 12 different languages for the app, which is handy for ELLs. Sworkit Kids is simple and basic, but it's also uncluttered, easy to use, and customizable; it aims to make fitness fun and fit into students' lives whenever they have an opportunity for exercise.


text:
Facts About Grany Smith Apple Trees
A Granny Smith apple tree produces apples that are quite tart. Apples grown on a Granny Smith apple tree are different from most other types of apples because Granny Smith apples always stay green and do not change color to indicate ripening. Granny Smith apple trees are quite easy to grow and are not overly susceptible to disease or infestation.
The Granny Smith apple tree is native to Australia. The Granny Smith apple tree dates back to 1868 to a chance seedling that was discovered by a woman named Maria Ann Smith. This is the origin of the Granny Smith name. A chance seedling is a term that defines a plant species was discovered by chance. It is thought that the Granny Smith seed is a descendant of the European Wild Apple tree.
- A Granny Smith apple tree produces apples that are quite tart.
- The Granny Smith apple tree dates back to 1868 to a chance seedling that was discovered by a woman named Maria Ann Smith.
Uses of Apples
Granny Smith apples are considered all-purpose apples. They have an even green skin and have crisp and firm flesh. Granny Smith apples are eating apples as well as cooking and baking apples. Granny Smith apples can be made into applesauce, apple pies, and many other apple cobblers and cakes. Granny Smith apples are also desirable for their long shelf life. They will stay crisp for much longer than other varieties of apples.
Granny Smith apple trees are not of the self pollinating variety. In order to grow Granny Smith apple trees, an additional apple tree of another kind must also be grown within close proximity to the Granny Smith tree to enable pollination and fruit production in the Granny Smith tree. Some recommended pollinator apple trees include Golden Delicious, Gala, and Fuji apple trees. A nearby pollinator tree that is fertile will enable the Granny Smith apple tree to bear Granny Smith apples.
- Granny Smith apples are considered all-purpose apples.
- Granny Smith apple trees are not of the self pollinating variety.
Granny Smith apple trees can be successfully grown in zones six, seven, and eight. They must have at least six hours of sunlight each day. To encourage the most fruit production, a Granny Smith apple tree must be pruned regularly for proper branching. When the Granny Smith apple tree is pruned in this way, it will be healthier, will have stronger limbs, and will bear more fruit earlier in the season. Granny Smith apple trees that are pruned properly can live more than 50 years.
The Granny Smith apple tree is able to grow in many different types of soil. These apple trees are considered one of the fastest growing apple trees. After the initial season for proper establishment of the tree, the apples from a Granny Smith apple tree can be harvested. The Granny Smith apples are usually ready to be picked by November and these apples will stay fresh and flavorful into the next spring.
- Granny Smith apple trees can be successfully grown in zones six, seven, and eight.
- After the initial season for proper establishment of the tree, the apples from a Granny Smith apple tree can be harvested.
Kathryn Hatter is a veteran home-school educator, as well as an accomplished gardener, quilter, crocheter, cook, decorator and digital graphics creator. As a regular contributor to Natural News, many of Hatter's Internet publications focus on natural health and parenting. Hatter has also had publication on home improvement websites such as Redbeacon.


text:
If you were a honeybee looking for a good home, a hollow tree would be an ideal location. A bee colony needs to be protected from the cold weather in Colorado during the winter months, and a tree offers that protection. Let's talk about the birds and bees! Birds like to live in trees for the same reason. Woodpeckers will drill holes in the tree trunk looking for insects to eat. Some trees like Cottonwoods and Willows are hollow, so a woodpecker can make it possible for the honeybees to enter a tree and live in the hollow area. In the spring, a scout bee will locate a suitable tree with plenty of room inside and tell the swarm of bees by doing a bee dance. A short time later the rest of the swarm moves into the tree. Once the bees move into the tree, there is no easy way to get them out besides cutting the tree down. Schultz Honey & Wax has spent a great deal of time trying to save the honeybees in trees. We work with tree services to remove the portion of the tree where the bees are living and transport that section to the bee yard. Once at the bee yard, the tree is split open and the bees and honeycomb are relocated to a standard beehive. This is very labor intensive. We have also noticed that only a small percentage of the colonies survive this process. The owner of the bee tree can spend hundreds of dollars with marginal results.
We now recommend a more reasonable and less expensive solution. If the tree is ready to be taken down, which means it is a safety issue, then hire an exterminator to kill the bees. This helps the tree service cut down the tree without getting severely stung. For their safety have the bees taken care of a week or so before the tree is cut down. Do not exterminate the bees in the tree and leave it standing. Robber bees will take the contaminated honey to their hive and people could unknowingly eat it. This is why you need to cut the tree down and have the honeycomb destroyed by burning or burying. Simply running it through a chipper will not get rid of the poison.
We do receive a few calls for beehives for pollination purposes. A bee tree can be transported to a farm or rural area. We do not recommend bees kept in a city because of swarms moving into homes. If you need bees for pollination purposes and have no intention of eating the honey, then call Schultz Honey & Wax, and we will place you on a list for recycled bee trees.


text:
A new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology bolsters the importance of reflection to learning and retaining what you learn—at least, it does if you're a rat, according to this article in the Boston Globe. The researchers found that rats that are allowed some time to do an "instant replay," from the end of the task through the middle to the beginning, were better at learning what they just went through.
The article goes on to say that the rats also replayed their experience, in forward motion, this time, while sleeping. But if you let them do what they naturally would do after running a track (hang out, chew on a hairball, whatever), they're learning skills improve.
''We have this tendency to kind of force ourselves, push ourselves," Wilson said. ''To constantly go, and that gets reflected in the way we do our science. We want animals to perform, we want to perform. Just sitting back and allowing them to do nothing, it's hard to do that because you tend to think you're wasting time and energy." But what made this experiment work, he said, was ''letting the animals do what they naturally do."
Make Reflection Your Resolution, which suggests not only to build in reflection time for attendees, but for yourself, too. It's great advice.' editor Tamar Hosansky wrote a great editorial on just this idea,


text:
"The Three Pearls" is a translation of "Las tres perlas" by Spanish writer Luis Coloma, SJ (1851–1914). Although Coloma never explained why his subtitle describes the story as a "Legend in Imitation of German Tales" ("Leyenda imitada del alemán"), his efforts to write what he called "recreational stories" for children were consistent with the Grimms' project, which included the ten children's legends appended to their famous fairy tales. Coloma's children's stories are still read with pleasure today.
Fedorchek, Robert M.. "The Three Pearls (A Legend in Imitation of German Tales)." Marvels & Tales 23.1 (2009). Web. .


text:
Literature Reviews Welcome to Joyner Library's Chemistry research guide. Example of a Literature Review The following literature review presents the first part of a fairly extensive report on the history, chemical syntheses, and uses of the chemical compound cantharidin. Notice how the forecasting statement that opens the introduction provides the reader with an effective road map of the entire paper.
Literature Review - Honors 450 Chemistry & Engineering. By selecting from the tabs above, you can access many of the resources available here at the library. Honors 450 Chemistry & Engineering. This guide brings together WVU Libraries resources for Honors 450. Getting Started · Books & eBooks.
Writing a Literature Review - Kirsop Labs Many of these resources are available electronically, though not all. How to structure your literature review Your review should consist of an Abstract if asked for one, Introduction, Main Body and Conclusion. Make sure that the Introduction contains any definitions and a short history of the subject area, leading into a statement of what the review is intended to cover.
Literature Reviews - MIT This guide should: Information Competencies for Chemistry Undergraduates: This document has a list of information competencies for Chemistry students. A literature review may be a self-contained document, or it may be a section of a. history, chemical syntheses, and uses of the chemical compound cantharidin.
Chemistry The Literary Review It covers chemical literature, spectra and properties information, and scientific communication. She has published poems in Electric Literature, Gramma, The West Wind Review, Abraham Lincoln, and the Pacifica Literary Review. Read her poem here. Mary Donnelly's poetry has appeared in The Brooklyn Rail, Hunger Mountain, The Iowa Review, Indiana Review, Prairie Schooner, and The Yale Review.


text:
Rope Rhymes and Games
Participants jump in the rope one at a time. They jump the
number of times depending on what grade they are in. All
participants start at Kindergarten followed by 1, 2, 3
For Kindergarten they run through the rope without
jumping, first grade they jump once, and so on... If
they miss as they are jumping, they have to start over at Kindergarten.


all 1 comments
[–]Hygienicnerd 0 points1 point (0 children)
One method would be to subtract year from year and classify the resultant raster as a delta temp map (values around 0 being no change, larger changes being classified with warmer or cooler temperatures). Alternatively, find the mean value of the dataset: raster1+raster2+raster3...raster(n) / n. Reclassify each as to a function of being above/below mean.


Hangzhou's climate is Humid Subtropical with four distinctive seasons. The average annual temperature in Hangzhou is 16.2°C (61.2°F). The summers are hot and humid, while winters are relatively cool and dry. In July, the hottest month, the average temperature is approximately 33.8°C (92.8°F); in January the average temperature is about 3.6°C (38.5°F). Hangzhou receives an average annual rainfall of 1450 mm. In mid-summer, Hangzhou, along with other cities in Zhejiang province, suffer typhoon storms, but typhoons seldom strike it directly. Generally they make land along the southern coast of Zhejiang, and affect Hangzhou with str ong winds and stormy rains.
 Avg High ℃ 8 10 14 20 26 29 33 32 28 23 17 11
 Avg Low ℃ 2 12 17 22 25 25 21 15 4
Source: MSN Weather
For more information about Hangzhou tour, check _URL_
Hangzhou is a travel destination which has four traditional seasons, predictable by the standard calendar. The summers are warm and the winters are cool. In spring, everything is in bloom and in autumn there are colored leaves everywhere. Because of this, it is relatively comfortable to visit the area at any time of year and travelers can pretty much be guaranteed beautiful natural scenery during any month. Visitors interested in seeing the plants in bloom but missing the bulk of the rain should aim for heading to the area just after the rainy season ends in late June. Travelers interested in enjoying winter activities should wait until at least December if not early January. This is when the snow falls in the area, covering the lake and making the area particularly beautiful.
In terms of actual temperature, the hottest month of the year is July which has an average high temperature of just over ninety degrees. The coldest month of the year is January when temperatures hover just above freezing. The wettest month of the year is usually June, which averages eight inches of rain and the driest months are the winter months. Travelers can obtain comprehensive annual climate information for the area at _URL_


text:
Bargaining Unit: At Will
Salary Code: Band D
FLSA Designation: Exempt
Revision Date: 06/01/18
Under general direction of the Deputy General Manager of Finance and Administration, plans, organizes, directs, manages, and supervises professional, technical, and administrative staff engaged in a wide range of accounting work. Performs complex and specialized accounting work, debt management, cash management, preparation of financial statements, auditing functions, financial analysis, and prepares the District's budget. This is an "at-will management" position in which the incumbent serves at the discretion of the General Manager.
EXAMPLES OF WORK PERFORMED:
The information listed below is meant to serve as examples of the job duties and responsibilities for positions in this classification. This list is neither inclusive nor exclusive, but indicative of several types of duties performed.
- Plans, organizes, assigns, directs, reviews, manages, and supervises the work of assigned professional and paraprofessional staff engaged in a wide range of accounting activities within the General Accounting Department, including payroll, accounts payable, general ledger, subsidiary detail, and budget maintenance.
- Maintains control of subsidiary accounting records involving a variety of accounts and transactions including monitoring and reconciling revenue and expenses.
- Performs the most complex, technical and specialized accounting work.
- Supervises preparation of financial statements that conform with generally accepted accounting principles, financial statistical reports, requests for proposals and quotations, and other reports.
- Supervisory responsibilities include interviewing, selecting, training, assigning, evaluating, and recommending promotion of staff; disciplines staff when necessary.
- Administers the preparation of the District's annual budget; including the General Accounting Department budget; reviews expenditures to ensure they remain within prescribed limits; analyzes budget variances and the reconciling of budgetary accounts.
- Implements new Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) statements as relevant for enterprise fund accounting.
- Participates in cost surveys, revenue analysis, development or modification of manual and/or automated accounting systems, and financial audits to assure compliance and dependability of financial records.
- Participates in managing the District's cash and banking activities, the investment of surplus funds, and maintaining positive relationships with the financial community.
- Develops and analyzes the District's long-range financial forecasts, including projection of general operating cash and reserve balances and other long-range capital needs.
- Coordinates and directs the fiscal year-end audit with District staff and the external auditors and plans, organizes, and participates in financial audit assignments, including those of other agencies with which the District interacts.
- Filing of annual and intermittent disclosures related to debt management and other regulatory compliance reporting as required.
- Researches, compiles, and prepares detailed financial reports and financial studies; and conducts cost and feasibility studies.
- Performs other duties as required.
Education and Experience: Any combination of equivalent education and experience that has led to the acquisition of the knowledge required by the position. A typical way of acquiring the knowledge would be:
A bachelor's degree in Accounting, Business Administration, Finance, Economics, or a closely related field with major course work in accounting, and five (5) years of full-time, paid professional accounting experience, two (2) years which must have included lead or supervisory responsibilities; or equivalent.
Substitution: Possession of a master's degree that is acceptable within the United States' accredited college or university system may substitute for one (1) year of the required experience.
- Principles and practices of accounting, auditing, budgeting, financial reporting, and cost accounting to assist in preparing annual reports and financial statements.
- Accounting theory, principles and practices and the application of these to governmental agencies.
- Cost accounting principles and practices to assist in preparation of the annual budget.
- Business law and Government Code sections relevant to local government.
- Cash management and investments.
- Supervise staff which includes interviewing, selecting, training, assigning, evaluating, and disciplining.
- Prepare complex, summary financial reports and statements.
- Analyze accounting issues/projects, review factors and select alternatives, and take corrective action.
- Read, understand and interpret laws, regulations, agreements, ordinance codes and resolutions.
- Write clear, concise reports, memos and instructions with technical accuracy using correct grammar, punctuation and spelling.
- Communicate verbally in a clear and concise manner to explain procedures to peers and lay persons.
- Establish and maintain effective working relationships; and independent accomplishments of job assignments.
LICENSE, CERTIFICATE, OR CREDENTIAL
- Qualify for a fidelity bond.
- Certification by the California State Board of Accountancy and/or Certified Public Finance Officer is desirable.
- Possess physical characteristics to perform the critical and important duties of the job. ▪ Work hours other than normal work schedule.
- Possession of a valid California Class C Driver's license with a driving record acceptable to the District's automobile insurance provider is required.


"We've developed a new and improved version of the site."
Your company just made some changes to its website. You are talking to a client and want to tell them about the new features that were added. You start by saying this.
We've developed a new and improved version of the site.
Audio by native English speakers
develop (something)
To "develop" something means to work on something to help it grow from small and incomplete to large and complete. Here are some things that people develop:
 - develop a system for doing something
 - develop a relationship with someone
 - develop new technology
 - develop new skills
 - develop a new understanding of an issue
(something) is new and improved
a version of (something)
The word "version" means a new and slightly different copy of something that already exists. For example, if you write an essay, print it, then make changes to it and print it again, you have two versions of the essay.
But this word is a little tricky because if you just change one word of the essay, it probably wouldn't be considered a different version from before. There are different times that we could call it a new version, depending on the situation:
 - When you save the changes you made, that could be considered a new version.
 - When you print out a new copy with changes on it, that can be called a new version.
 - When you submit the document with changes made to it, that's also a new version.


Sign up ×
In my old house there are two old tube lights. Some times they don't start properly, (specially at evening time, may be it is because of low voltage), they starts flickering i.e. on and off continuously. And when my elder brother touches them, mostly at center they just goes on. Even i have tried many times, the touching works, and even after removing the hand, once it is on(working properly), doesn't stop them, and they remains on. So why and how touching them works. Sorry for my bad English. Thanks in advance.
share|cite|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
I've found this to be the case, too. Generally, my shop lights will flicker when turning on, especially when it is colder outside.
There are two basic phases to this kind of light bulb: a start-up phase, and an operating phase. The start-up requires more voltage, because you are initiating the plasma stream between the terminals of the bulb.
So, these bulbs are filled with gas, generally mercury vapor. When you turn it on, you're really creating an electrical arc at the end of the bulb. This arc ionizes the gas, and that is the flickering you see. Eventually, the entire length of the bulb can arc, and a plasma stream is created (plasma is just a gas of free-moving ions and electrons).
When it is cold, or if the starter arcs are wearing out (and can't produce sufficient voltage), then the flickering lasts longer. By touching the bulb, you actually provide a shorter path for the plasma stream! In effect, you get two short plasma streams, each terminating at your touch point. Then, once the plasma streams interact, and since the voltage required to maintain the stream is less than the voltage needed to establish it, the streams merge into one and the lamp will light.
This is similar to some "glowing orbs" you see in gift shops or museums... a glowing plasma (looks like lightning inside a clear spherical shell) will arc and bend toward your touch, since you are providing your own set of electric and magnetic fields.
share|cite|improve this answer
Sorry _USER_ I did not want to downvote, my finger hit the wrong arrow :(. I will try to make a small edit and then I think I can change to what I wanted to vote. – anna v Oct 23 '12 at 16:22
_USER_, no worries! :) – OrangeWombat Oct 23 '12 at 16:49
thanks for your answer. But i'm thinking, isn't it then dangerous to touch the tube lights, what amount of voltage and current the plasma has, and why can't we feel the current flowing in our body, because even we can the feel current while touching cable or telephone wires. Please can you explain these things – android developer Oct 26 '12 at 6:31
It is not dangerous to touch the light, because you're not actually acting as a ground. I'm sorry my explanation was a bit vague on this point. Your touch generates a capacitance field, and the change in capacitance is what affects the plasma. This is the same effect that is used in "touch switches" on metallic fixtures, like some lamps. See this Wikipedia article for more detailed information about capacitave switches. – OrangeWombat Oct 29 '12 at 0:00
Your Answer