AWS CloudWatch can monitor metrics and generate alarms when they cross a certain threshold. Additionally, CloudWatch can take various actions when this occurs, such as alerting humans through email, SMS, or Slack messages. CloudWatch typically provides alerts by posting a message to an SNS (Amazon Simple Notification Service) topic, which would then dispatch the message via a variety of mediums, such as email, SMS, and Lambda functions. Additional actions that CloudWatch can take when an alarm goes off are typically auto-scaling events, such as scaling workloads out or back in.
This is the second article out of three investigating what AWS CloudWatch can offer us, this time focusing on alarms and alerts. Let's dive into more details.
Billing Alert
The most important tip of this article is that CloudWatch can alert you when your bill is likely to become too high. You should never run any workload on AWS without this alarm, as it is quite easy to forget resources spun up for testing purposes. To create such a billing alarm, you need to log in to the AWS console using either the root user or an IAM user who has permission to access the billing section of the console.
The first step is to enable billing alerts. Click on your user name in the top-right corner of the screen, then click on "My Billing Dashboard." In the left pane, select "Billing preferences," then enable "Receive Billing Alerts," and finally click on "Save preferences."
The second step is to actually create a billing alarm. Head over to the CloudWatch service. In the left pane, click on "Alarms," and then click on the "Create Alarm" button. Choose the "Billing, Total Estimated Charge" metric, and configure the alarm to go off when this metric is greater than a monthly amount you would like to be alerted; click "Next." Then select "Create a New SNS Topic," and enter a name for the SNS topic and your email address; click "Create topic." Click "Next," enter a name for the alarm, click "Next" again, and, finally, "Create Alarm." That's it!
How Are AWS CloudWatch Alarms Evaluated?
Evaluation Periods and DatapointsToAlarm
There are three settings that control when an alarm goes off:
 - Period is the length of time over which the underlying metric is evaluated. The alarm period does not need to match the underlying metric period, but it needs to be at least as long as the metric period. CloudWatch will essentially generate one alarm data point per alarm period, based on the value(s) of the underlying metric during that period.
 - Evaluation period is the number of alarm periods (or alarm data points) to take into account when determining whether the alarm is triggered or not.
 - DatapointsToAlarm is the number of alarm data points that must breach the threshold during the evaluation period for the alarm to go off.
For example, let's assume that the alarm period is the same as the underlying metric period, the evaluation period is five, and the DatapointsToAlarm is three. For any five consecutive alarm data points, the alarm will go into the ALARM state if at least three out of five data points breach the alarm threshold. If for a given set of five consecutive alarm data points, only two or less breach the threshold, the alarm will not be in the ALARM state.
These settings are quite useful to filter out normal spikes, like CPU. It's normal for the CPU to run very high for short periods of time because the OS is, for example, performing some maintenance tasks, and you probably wouldn't want to be alerted for such things.
What Happens When There Is Missing Data?
There are various reasons why the underlying metric might have missing data points during an evaluation period, including:
 - The service or EC2 instance is just starting and hasn't yet reported enough metrics.
 - The EC2 instance is rebooting and can't report the metric during the reboot time.
 - Some networking parameters (such as a security group or network access control list) have been modified, preventing the EC2 instance from connecting to CloudWatch.
 - There are some network glitches (typically if the metric is reported from outside AWS).
You can configure each alarm to consider missing data points as:
 - Breaching: The missing data point is assumed to breach the alarm threshold.
 - Not breaching: The missing data point is assumed to be within the alarm threshold.
 - Ignore: The alarm state is left untouched.
 - Missing: This data point will not be considered when evaluating the alarm.
Which option to choose depends on the underlying metric reports. For example, if your alarm is for CPU, RAM, or disk utilization, it's most probably safer to consider missing data as breaching, as it is likely that your EC2 instance is going through a rough time. Some metrics are reported only when errors occur (such as ThrottledRequests in Amazon DynamoDB), in which case missing data would be considered as not breaching.
Importantly, CloudWatch tries to use missing data points as little as possible, no matter how you configure the alarm to treat them. It does so by retrieving more data points than the evaluation period (this is an evaluation range) and tries to use as many valid data points as possible within the evaluation range.
High-Resolution Alarms
Alarms have a typical resolution of sixty seconds. If the underlying metric is a high-resolution one, you can use a high-resolution alarm with a resolution of ten or thirty seconds. Although they come at a higher cost, these could be useful if you need very swift action.
Advanced AWS CloudWatch Alarms Evaluation
Combining Metrics
CloudWatch can combine metrics using math. This will be explored in a subsequent article, but what is relevant here is that you can create alarms on the output of the math expression.
Anomaly Detection
AWS released a new service that generates alarms based on anomalous patterns in the underlying metric. In order to use this service, you simply create an alarm as usual and select "Anomaly detection" under "Conditions." Alternatively, when you display a metric in CloudWatch, select the "Graphed metrics" tab and click on the wave icon next to the metric name (see screenshot below).
Using anomaly detection, you can benefit from the years of experience that AWS has accumulated in monitoring a variety of workloads. It allows you to leverage machine learning in a very intuitive and user-friendly way. Anomaly detection uses machine learning and statistical analysis to determine the validity or "usual" range for a metric. It will then alert you whenever the metric goes out of range and is thus suspicious.
How to Alert a Human Being
CloudWatch can take a variety of actions when an alarm goes off, such as triggering an auto-scaling event or sending a message through a medium likely to attract the attention of a human. Typically, you would need to create an SNS topic and add subscriptions to that SNS topic. Each subscription represents a channel to which the alarm message will be forwarded. In the screenshot below, there are a number of subscriptions to the "Alarms" SNS topic. Any message sent to that SNS topic will be forwarded to all subscribers, whether by email, SMS, Lambda invocation, etc.
The next step is to link the alarm with the SNS topic. So when you create or edit the alarm, you just need to select the correct SNS topic. After that, every time the alarm goes off, CloudWatch will send a message to SNS, which will forward it to you via email, SMS, etc. You can even create a Lambda function that will post the message on a Slack channel.
AWS CloudWatch Alarms Cost Considerations
Don't Create a Loop!
This piece of advice is fairly obvious, and it is to avoid creating a loop. For example, you might have an alarm on a Lambda function that sends a message to Slack. This could go into an infinite loop where the Lambda triggers the alarm, which triggers the Lambda function, etc. This is a silly example, and such situations are unlikely to happen in real life, but this is still something to keep in mind. Obviously, such a loop is likely to cost you a lot of money!
Avoid Sending Too Many Text Messages
Pricing information for SNS can be found here. The free tier allows you to send 100 SMSes (to US phone numbers) and 1,000 emails per month. After that, you will have to pay per SMS, which is reasonably cheap for US numbers but can have significant costs for other countries.
If you're using Slack in your organization, a good way to minimize these costs is to post a message to a Slack channel instead.
Other Points
The pricing page for CloudWatch can be found here.
High-resolution alarms are about three times more expensive than regular alarms, so use them only if necessary. The costs for alarms and alerts are usually quite low, so you wouldn't need to worry about those unless you have a large amount of them.
Another point to consider with CloudWatch is that everything needs to be taken care of manually, and there is a chance to miss or misconfigure an alert.
CloudWatch vs. Competition
There is a large offering of additional monitoring software tools out there, both in the open-source community and from paid-for suppliers.
The open-source community has a number of very capable software solutions. Prometheus is well known and able to ingest and process metric data; its time-series database is very efficient. Prometheus works well in most workloads but doesn't scale very well for very large workloads. In contrast, CloudWatch has gigantic scaling capabilities built-in, so scale should never be a worry. In addition, Prometheus can only deal with metrics that are actually reported; if


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In the bustling metropolis of Zurich, Switzerland, amidst the pressures and demands of modern life, people are increasingly looking for private development and self-improvement. Self-enquiry, a profound apply rooted in introspection and self-reflection, has gained reputation as a transformative path for private development. In this article, we will discover the significance of self-enquiry in Zurich, Switzerland, and the method it can foster self-awareness, self-discovery, and private progress.
Self-enquiry is a follow of turning inward and exploring the nature of 1's personal consciousness, beliefs, feelings, and thought patterns. It involves asking deep, introspective questions to realize perception into oneself and to examine the core features of identity, purpose, and which means. Self-enquiry encourages individuals to question their assumptions, challenge limiting beliefs, and explore their true nature.
The Role of Self-Enquiry in Personal Development
Self-enquiry is an invaluable device for personal growth in Zurich. By delving into the depths of 1's being, people can gain self-awareness, perceive their motivations and behaviors, and identify areas for growth and improvement. Self-enquiry fosters a deep sense of introspection and self-reflection, enabling people to make acutely aware selections, align with their values, and create positive adjustments of their lives.
Benefits of Self-Enquiry in Zurich
Engaging in self-enquiry in Zurich can have quite a few benefits for personal development. It provides a chance to gain readability about one's goals, aspirations, and life function. Self-enquiry helps people develop a greater understanding of their emotions, improve their self-confidence, and domesticate a way of inside peace and achievement. It additionally promotes authenticity, empowering individuals to reside in alignment with their true selves.
Hva er Forbruksgjeld and Self-Enquiry
Mindfulness, the follow of being totally current in the second, is intently intertwined with self-enquiry. Mindfulness enhances self-awareness, allowing people in Zurich to look at their ideas, feelings, and sensations with out judgment. By combining mindfulness with self-enquiry, people can cultivate a deeper understanding of themselves, recognize thought patterns that may hinder personal growth, and make aware decisions to change them.
Self-Enquiry and Personal Growth Workshops
Zurich presents a big selection of private growth workshops, retreats, and seminars where people can interact in self-enquiry in a supportive and immersive setting. These workshops provide a space for deep introspection, self-reflection, and sharing experiences with like-minded people. Skilled facilitators guide individuals through self-enquiry exercises, helping them uncover insights, problem limiting beliefs, and embark on a journey of non-public development.
Self-Enquiry and Professional Guidance
While self-enquiry is primarily a person apply, looking for skilled steerage can further improve personal development in Zurich. Working with a educated coach or therapist who focuses on self-enquiry can present priceless assist and steerage. They might help people navigate challenges, overcome obstacles, and achieve clarity on their private and professional objectives.
Integrating Self-Enquiry into Daily Life
The true energy of self-enquiry lies in its integration into day by day life. In Zurich, individuals can incorporate self-enquiry practices into their routines, corresponding to journaling, meditation, or aware self-reflection. Regular self-enquiry practices create a foundation for steady personal growth, as people develop a deeper understanding of themselves and make aware decisions aligned with their values.
Self-enquiry offers a profound path to non-public improvement in Zurich, Switzerland. Through introspection, self-reflection, and the follow of mindfulness, people can embark on a transformative journey of self-discovery, self-awareness, and personal progress. In Zurich's vibrant and supportive setting, people have access to private progress workshops, skilled steering, and resources that can facilitate their self-enquiry journey. By engaging in self-enquiry and integrating it into their day by day lives, people in Zurich can unlock their true potential, enhance their well-being, and create a significant and fulfilling life.
Business Name: Helen Mosimann-Kogan
Phone Number: 0041 782285100

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Alopecia UK funds invested: £10,500
Further Alopecia UK funds committed: £3000 for Year 3
When: December 2017
Project type: PhD Studentship
Project Lead: Teontor Simakou
Length of project: 3 years
Research Institute: University of the West of Scotland (UWS)
Condition of interest: Alopecia Areata
Funds being used for: Consumables costs for cell culture, nanokicking experiments, PCR and screening of serum and faecal samples for autoimmune factors.
Overall Aim of the Project:
To treat alopecia areata using a non-chemical technology based on nanovibrations (Nanokicking)
Justification for research project:
UWS propose that in the future stem cell therapies will be key in developing regenerative therapies for many conditions, including those affecting the immune response. This project will study the application of nanoscale mechanical stimulation protocols, called 'Nanokicking' to manipulate the differentiation of cells that have immune function, thus impacting on the resolution of different immune conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency and vaccine development. 'Nanokicking' has already been successful in the targeted differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to bone and shows huge potential for bone regeneration and bone disorders. UWS have data to suggest it can play a role in other tissue type development. In addition to providing insight into the immunological mechanisms underpinning human disease, the technology has the potential to provide in vitro models which could be exploited commercially.
Who is leading the project:
The project is being run by research student, Teontor Simakou, who is working as part of an interdisciplinary team of enthusiastic scientists, experts in biology and physics. Teontor has a good knowledge of immunology, immunoassays and molecular biology. Teontor's ambition is to learn how physics can boost biological applications and have a positive impact on global healthcare.
Updates on the project:
 Visit our Blogs section to read Ted's views on alopecia research.
Research outcomes:
Ted has published a review of alopecia, available here.


Study In France
Study In France
France Education Consultants
The French education system is fast emerging as one of the most efficient and effective education systems in the world. Students who Study in France can get to complete their degree programs from some of the most picturesque and historically significant centers of learning. Most of the universities in France boast of an eclectic mix of modern infrastructure, set amidst quaint rural settings.
International students who attend universities in France can benefit from the direct exposure to the beautiful French culture in their day to day student life, while enjoying the cosmopolitan environment that brings students and faculty from different backgrounds together. Studying in France can be a new and exhilarating experience that provides one with a sense of endless fun and adventure.
France is growing to be a popular overseas education for Indians with more than four thousand Indian students opting to study in France in the previous academic year.
Features of French Education System
1. France has more than 82 state universities, five Catholic universities and a number of private institutes. Of these, the, Grande Ecoles are considered to be the best places to complete a degree program and are considered to be on par with the US Ivy League universities
2. Students who study in France can work towards three types of degrees a License (undergraduate degree), a Masters degree and a PhD degree.
3. A student has to complete 12 years in an Ecole or school in France or should have an equivalent amount of schooling in the student's country
4. The academic year in France is from September to June, though some universities and institutes can have a rolling admission
Best Universities in France
Some of the best universities in France are
1. Ecole Normale Superieure
2. Ecole Polytechnique
3. HEC
5. Pierre-and-Marie-Curie
6. Université Paris-Sorbonne University
Most of the top ranked universities for students who want to study in France are located in large and popular cities like Paris, Nice, Lyon and Grenobleand Orleans.
Popular courses for Study in France
Popular courses for study in France among students from India are
1. Space and Aviation.
2. Engineering,
3. Business Studies,
4. Art
5. History
6. Tourism and Hotel Management
Benefits of Studying in France
The following are the benefits that one can enjoy when he chooses to study in France
1. France is a cosmopolitan Society
In France you can expect to encounter people from all major nationalities and backgrounds which will help you learn from different cultures
2. Academic Excellence
France is known for its reputation to be the best for courses such as aviation, tourism, engineering and businesses. The universities in France are well known for their focus on academics
3. Cost of Living
The cost of living for students who study in France is very affordable as it is highly subsidized by the government of France and even international students benefit from these subsidies.
4. Job opportunities after graduation
Students who study in France can find good opportunities for jobs after they complete their graduation as France has a burgeoning economy with growth and job opportunities in various industries.
Cost of studying in the France
The costs incurred to study in France are on par with the cost of studying in many other developed countries.
1. The average tuition fees for undergraduate programs are around 190 EUR for each year
2. The average fees for engineering degrees are around 620 EUR per year
3. Tuition fees for studying medicine can be around 450 EUR per year.
4. Tuition fees on an average for a post graduate degree are approximately 360 EUR each year
5. The average fees for a PHD are 396 EUR for each academic year
Affordable Universities in France
Following are the most affordable universities where students can study in France
University Lille Sciences et Technologies – average tuition fees 261 EUR/year
1. Université de Lyon – average tuition fees 500 EUR/year
2. Université du Maine – average tuition fees 500 EUR/year
3. Grenoble INP Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes – average tuition of 261 EUR/year
4. University of Burgundy – average tuition fees 500 EUR/year
How to apply for Studying in France
Students who are not from the European Union region will need to apply for a visa to study in France. You will need to apply for a VLS _TS visa if you are from India and wish to pursue your higher education in France. Get in touch with our expert consultants at Global Tree to know more about applying for a visa to study in France. Our France education consultants are equipped with many years of experience in understanding the details of the France university system
Q). How can I apply for France student visa?
A). France does not have a separate student visa. You will need to apply for a long term visa or the VLS -TS visa under the student category for being able to study in France. For more details you can contact our branches which are spread across India.
Q). How much does it cost to study in France?
A). The cost for students to study in France can vary based on the course and the university where you plan to study. Look above for a general cost idea for different levels of education. To get a more customized and detailed break up of costs reach out to our branches across India for a free consultation


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Return to the Key
Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl. 2: 72. 1934.
The three genera and seven species of the family, Strelitzia (five species), Ravenala (one species), and Phenakospermum (one species), are restricted to southern Africa, Madagascar, and South America, respectively. Unique features of the Strelitziaceae are the woody trunk (absent in some members of Strelitzia), the bird-like appearance of the inflorescence and flowers, and the woody, capsular fruit. The popular birds-of-paradise (Strelitzia reginae and Strelitzia nicolai) and traveller's palm (Ravenala madagascariensis) are commonly grown as landscape and greenhouse ornamentals. Strelitzia was named to honor Charlotte Sophia of the family Mecklenburgh-Strelitz, who was the wife of King George III and a patron of botany.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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For more than twenty years, communities affected by the Chixoy Dam have demanded reparations for the damages caused by the project, which was built during Guatemala's most repressive military dictatorship. The project, financed by the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank, was built on the Chixoy River in the early 1980s and forcibly displaced more than 3,500 Maya community members. More than 6,000 families living in the area also suffered loss of land and livelihoods. When community members opposed relocation and sought better compensation, they were massacred, tortured and kidnapped. For years survivors have lived in extreme poverty but never given up their call for justice.
The Chixoy Dam Legacy Issues Study finished in March of 2005 concludes that the construction of the dam signified lost of lives, lands, and people's livelihoods, and that it violated national and international laws. The study recommends the creation of a negotiations process between the government, communities and financial institutions resulting in a binding agreement.
After several attempts to install a negotiations process, on September 2006 communities and the government signed an agreement to begin a formal process to verify the damages and losses, and negotiations to address reparations. A Commission was set up comprised of representatives of the Guatemalan government, the World Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank, and facilitated by a representative of the Organization of American States.
On April 10, 2010 after a decades-long struggle, the Reparations Plan for Damages Suffered by the Communities Affected by the Construction of the Chixoy Dam was finally signed and agreed by all parties, which involved the participation and approval of communities and the government. This is a huge victory for the communities.
The plan includes the following provisions:
- Compensation for material and non-material damages and losses will be provided to communities affected by Chixoy Dam. The total amount allocated to cover all these damages is US$154.5 million
- 191 homes will be constructed for the community of Pacux, and for orphans that were not taken into account in INDE's resettlement program; 254 homes in other communities will be repaired; there will be improvement of roads, and water and sewage systems, and other infrastructural projects considered urgent and of priority.
- The President of Guatemala will present an apology. The communities will have access to documents in the Historical Archive of the National Police related to the control by the State, and repression used against communities during the construction of the Chixoy Dam.
- There will be a management plan of the Chixoy Basin implemented that is based on integrated watershed management, which includes reforestation with native plants, establishing an ecological flow adequate for the basin, and guarantees of minimum water quantity and quality.
However, the government has refused to sign the legal agreement which would make the reparations plan binding, and ensure its completion. The World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank have also refused to take responsibility for their roles in financing the project and have not committed to financing reparations or to pressuring the Guatemalan government to comply with the reparations plan. We will continue to support COCAHICH's efforts to pressure the government to sign the binding agreement.
- Read Heidi McKinnon's blog about her experiences living and working with communities affected by the Chixoy Dam.
- Scorched Earth: The Rio Negro Massacre at Pak'oxom slideshow by photographer James Rodriguez.
- The Great Kawinal: A City Submerged, a slideshow by James Rodriguez.
- President Colom Promises to Redress the Damages Caused by the Dam (Spanish)


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||Elucidation of the recognition mechanisms for hemicellulose and pectin in Clostridium cellulovorans using intracellular quantitative proteome analysis
Aburaya, Shunsuke,
Esaka, Kohei,
Morisaka, Hironobu,
Kuroda, KouichiUeda, Mitsuyoshi
52015-05-23, Springer Verlag
Clostridium cellulovorans is an anaerobic, cellulolytic bacterium, capable of effectively degrading and metabolizing various types of substrates, including cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and galactomannan), and pectin. Among Clostridia, this ability to degrade and metabolize a wide range of hemicellulose and pectin substrates is a unique feature; however, the mechanisms are currently unknown. To clarify the mechanisms of hemicelluloses and pectin recognition and metabolism, we carried out a quantitative proteome analysis of C. cellulovorans cultured with these substrates. C. cellulovorans was cultured in the medium of glucose (control), xylan, galactomannan (Locus bean gum, LBG), or pectin for 36 h. Xylan and galactomannan were used to search for the common recognition mechanisms of hemicellulose, and pectin was used to search for unique recognition systems in C. cellulovorans. Using an isobaric tag method and liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer equipped with a long monolithic silica capillary column, we identified 734 intracellular proteins from all substrates. We performed KEGG analyses and cluster analyses of the resulting proteins. In the KEGG analyses, we found common degradation mechanisms for hemicellulose and pectin. In the cluster analysis corresponding to the genome analysis, we detected substrate-specific clusters that include genes involved in substrate recognition, substrate degradation, and metabolism. Combining the results of the KEGG analyses and cluster analyses, we propose the mechanisms involved in the recognition and metabolism of hemicellulose and pectin in C. cellulovorans.


DUI Criminal Record
2 ways to Clear Your Drunk Driving Arrest
Fill out my online form.
If you want to clear your DUI criminal record, you have two options:
 1. You can have your DUI records sealed
 2. You can have your DUI records expunged
1. Sealing Your DUI Arrest Records
When your DUI records are sealed, it means that all the information regarding your arrest or conviction cannot be accessed by the public. All the physical and electronic documentations of your DUI case are flagged to prevent them from being shared with the outside public.
After your criminal record is sealed, it is confidential and unavailable for future employers, background checks, and public records. It's like the whole thing never happened.
This also means that during a job interview you're not legally obligated to talk about your criminal history. You can deny your dui arrest, acquittal, conviction or that the fact that your criminal record was sealed.
2. Expunging Your DUI Arrest Records
An expungment is a process to physically destroy all the documentations about your DUI arrest.
This is different from sealing your record where your records are still kept within the criminal justice system.
Sealing your criminal record simply makes them inaccessible. Expugement erases your entire record.
However, even with an expungement, one copy of your DUI criminal record is always maintained within the law enforcement agency.
DUI Consequences After a Drunk Driving Arrest
Sealing vs Expunging Your Record
Many people ask "Why can't I just expunge my record instead of sealing it?." The reason is that the requirements for expungement may be slightly different than sealing your record.
You can only expunge your DUI criminal record if:
 - You were arrested but never charged
 - Your case was dropped or dismissed
 - You were found not guilty
If you entered a plea of guilty, you are only allowed to seal your criminal record. Then after several years, if your record remains clean, you may be able to get your record expunged.
Requirements for Clearing Your DUI Criminal Record
In order to seal or expunge your records, you typically must meet the following requirements:
 - You have never received a seal or expungement before
 - You successfully completed any probation
 - You have paid all of your DUI fines, restitution, reimbursement
 - You're not charged with another offense
 - Your conviction was a misdemeanor
 - It has been one year since the date of your conviction
 - You have completed your sentence from the court
What Should Be Cleared?
In order for you to clean you record you will have to check both your driving record and criminal record. The court and DMV keep separate records and you will want to check that both of them have been cleared.
How Do I Start the Process?
To begin you will need to hire a DUI lawyer or hire a specialized service such as Expungement Assistance Service that deals specifically with clearing drunk driving records.
Here is how the process typically works:
 1. Your lawyer files an application with the Superior Court in the county you were arrested for drunk driving. If they approve the application, they will issue a certificate of eligibility.
 2. Once your lawyer receives the certificate of eligibility, he or she will file and submit a petition to either seal or expunge your record.
 3. Once the court receives the petition, they will make a decision to either grant or deny your petition.
 4. If your petition is granted, the court will send an order to seal or expunge your DUI criminal record to all the different criminal agencies.
The whole process takes approximately 6 months.
How Much Will this Cost Me?
It always depends on the specifics of your offense and your state dui laws. However, If you hire a lawyer, you should expect to pay between $1,000- $5,000
Not a Complete Start Over
Even if you are able to successfully seal or expunge your DUI criminal record, one copy will always remain within the criminal justice system.
Having your criminal record expunged or sealed will not protect you if you are arrested for another DUI. For example, if DUI number 1 was expunged and you were arrested for DUI number 2, you will be prosecuted with a second offense DUI. This means you will get harsher fines and longer jail time for being a repeat offender.
The existence of your criminal record ( though not the content) may also be revealed if you were applying for a job, membership or license with a government, criminal, or education agency. This includes places like :
 - Department of Education
 - Private or Public School
 - Applying to the Bar
 - A criminal justice agency
Bottom Line
Although your DUI criminal will not be completely wiped clean, it is the best thing you can do. By either sealing or expunging your arrest, you will be able to move on and return back to your normal life.


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Wetland Education Basics for Outdoor Oriented Teaching
Project WEBFOOT is an international, interdisciplinary education outreach program and curriculum created by Ducks Unlimited to bring wetland education to life for 4th-6th grade students.
The fascinating world of wetlands is all around us. It exists in the many marshes, rivers, ponds, and swamps found throughout North America, even among our cities and suburbs. But wetlands aren't spectacular, high-profile places like mountains and canyons. They don't jump out and grab our attention. Instead, they perform their critical functions slowly and quietly—out of sight and, more often than not, out of mind.
Because many people are unaware of the tremendous value wetlands provide for our environment, economy, and well being, these amazing places continue to be destroyed at an alarming rate. To reverse this trend we must educate young people about the importance of wetlands, and empower them to make informed decisions about the future of these vital habitats.
The goal of Project WEBFOOT is to raise awareness and appreciation of wetlands among students, teachers, parents, and communities. Just as wetlands are a critical part of the interconnected web of life, each member of Project WEBFOOT has an important role to play in this exciting outreach program.
New Education Partnership Highlights World Wetlands Day
Ducks Unlimited & Project WET Join Forces
Contact: Art DeLaurier, Jr., Ducks Unlimited Project Webfoot Coordinator, _PHONE_ or John Etgen, Project WET VP Development and Partnerships, _PHONE_
February 2, 2005
– Memphis, TN
– Ducks Unlimited (DU) and Project WET (Water Education for Teachers) today announced an education partnership to celebrate World Wetlands Day that will benefit water, wetlands, wildlife and people across North America


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|Elections in California|
|Part of a series on|
|Lesbian, gay, bisexual
and transgender (LGBT)
California Proposition 6 was an initiative on the California State ballot on November 7, 1978, and was more commonly known as The Briggs Initiative. Sponsored by John Briggs, a conservative state legislator from Orange County, the failed initiative would have banned gays and lesbians, and possibly anyone who supported gay rights, from working in California's public schools. The Briggs Initiative was the first failure in a movement that started with the successful campaign headed by Anita Bryant and her organization Save Our Children in Dade County, Florida, to repeal a local gay rights ordinance.
Openly gay San Francisco native and politician Harvey Milk was instrumental in fighting the measure, and opposition from a variety of public figures from California Governor Ronald Reagan to President Jimmy Carter helped to defeat it. Public opinion swung fairly quickly from general support of Proposition 6 to what became overwhelming opposition.
Singer and Florida Citrus Commission spokesperson Anita Bryant received national news coverage for her successful efforts to repeal a Dade County, Florida, ordinance preventing discrimination based on sexual orientation. This success sparked additional efforts to repeal legislation that added sexual orientation or preference as a protected group to anti-discrimination statutes and codes. In a step beyond repeal of anti-discrimination measures, Oklahoma and Arkansas banned gays and lesbians from teaching in public schools. The idea for the Briggs Initiative was formed during the success of the repeal of the Dade County anti-discrimination language.
The initiative provided that a public school teacher, teacher's aide, administrator, or counselor could be fired if the employee was found to have engaged in either (1) "public homosexual activity," which the initiative defined as an act of homosexual sex which was "not discreet and not practiced in private, whether or not such act, at the time of its commission, constituted a crime," or (2) "public homosexual conduct," which the initiative defined as "the advocating, soliciting, imposing, encouraging or promoting of private or public homosexual activity directed at, or likely to come to the attention of, schoolchildren and/or other employees."
The employee would be terminated if the school board, after a hearing, determined by a preponderance of the evidence that the employee had engaged in "public homosexual activity" or "public homosexual conduct" and "that said activity or conduct render[ed] the employee unfit for service." The factors that the board would consider in the determination of "unfitness for service" would "include, but not be limited to: (1) the likelihood that the activity or conduct may adversely affect students or other employees; (2) the proximity or remoteness in time or location of the conduct to the employee's responsibilities; (3) the extenuating or aggravating circumstances which, in the judgment of the board, must be examined in weighing the evidence; and (4) whether the conduct included acts, words or deeds, of a continuing or comprehensive nature which would tend to encourage, promote or dispose schoolchildren toward private or public homosexual activity or private or public homosexual conduct."
The initiative further provided that a person could not be hired as a public school teacher, teacher's aide, administrator, or counselor if the person had "engaged in public homosexual activity or public homosexual conduct should the board determine that said activity or conduct render[ed] the person unfit for service."
A coalition of activists including Sally Gearhart Gwen Craig, Bill Kraus, openly gay San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk, teacher (later president of San Francisco Board of Supervisors) Tom Ammiano, and Hank Wilson mobilized under the slogan "Come out! Come out! Wherever you are!" to defeat the initiative. In what became the No On 6 campaign, gay men and lesbians went door to door in their cities and towns across the state to talk about the harm the initiative would cause.
Gay men and lesbians came out to their families and their neighbors and their co-workers, spoke in their churches and community centers, sent letters to their local editors, and otherwise revealed to the general population that gay people really were "everywhere" and included people they already knew and cared about. In the beginning of September, the ballot measure was ahead in public-opinion polls, with about 61% of voters supporting it while 31% opposed it. The movement against it initially succeeded little in shifting public opinion, even though major organizations and ecclesiastical groups opposed it. By the end of the month, however, the balance of the polls shifted to 45% in favor of the initiative, 43% opposed, and 12% undecided.
Some gay Republicans also became organized against the initiative on a grassroots level. The most prominent of these, the Log Cabin Republicans, was founded in 1977 in California, as a rallying point for Republicans opposed to the Briggs Initiative. The Log Cabin Club then lobbied Republican officials to oppose the measure.
The former state Governor (and later US President) Ronald Reagan moved to publicly oppose the measure. Reagan issued an informal letter of opposition to the initiative, answered reporters' questions about the initiative by saying he was against, and, a week before the election, wrote an editorial in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner opposing it.
The timing of Reagan's opposition is significant because he was then preparing to run for president, a race in which he would need the support of conservatives and moderates who were very uncomfortable with homosexual teachers. As Reagan biographer Lou Cannon puts it, Reagan was "well aware that there were those who wanted him to duck the issue" but nevertheless "chose to state his convictions." Extensive excerpts from his informal statement were reprinted in the San Francisco Chronicle of September 24, 1978. Reagan's November 1 editorial stated, in part, "Whatever else it is, homosexuality is not a contagious disease like the measles. Prevailing scientific opinion is that an individual's sexuality is determined at a very early age and that a child's teachers do not really influence this."
While polls initially had showed support for the initiative leading by a large margin, it was defeated by a landslide following opposition by the LGBT community and prominent conservatives, moderates, and liberals alike.
The initiative was defeated on November 7, 1978 and lost even in Briggs' own Orange County, a conservative stronghold.
|Invalid or blank votes||339,797||4.7%|
See also
- Ruth Shack
- Proposition 8
- Section 28
- National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education, a court decision that partially struck down a law identical to the Briggs Initiative.
- Stockton-San Joaquin County Public Library. "Ballot Propositions June 1978 – June 1998". Stockton-San Joaquin County Public Library. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- Rimmerman, Craig (November, 2001). "From Identity to Politics: The Lesbian and Gay Movements in the United States". Temple University Press. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- Lipkin, Arthur (December, 2000). "Understanding Homosexuality, Changing Schools". Westview Press. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- Shilts, Randy (1988). "The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk". St. Martin's Griffin. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- For the full text of the initiative, see pages and 29 and 41 of the California Voters' Pamphlet prepared by the Secretary of State of California for the November 7, 1978 General Election. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- Id. at 29, 41.
- Id. at 41.
- Id. at 29.
- Miller, Rachael; Rose, Rebecca; Kaushall, Justin Neville; and LaBounty, Aimee (2007). "Guide to the Sally Miller Gearhart Papers". Finding Aid. Northwest Digital Archive. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- Milk Memorial March Brings Out Hundreds
- McKinley, Jesse (November 1, 2008). "Back to the Ramparts in California". NYT. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
- Reagan, LeVay (1997). "City of Friends: A Portrait of the Gay and Lesbian Community in America" (in Simon). MIT Press. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- Reagan, Ronald (1978-11-01). "Editorial: Two Ill-advised California Trends". Los Angeles Herald-Examiner. p. A19.
- Back to Briggs: Latest No on 8 Ad With Sen. Diane Feinstein Brings Back Memories of Another Referendum
- Perfect Enemies: The Religious Right, the Gay Movement, and the Politics of the 1990s
- Secretary of State (1978). Statement of Vote. State of California.
- Jones, Cleve, with Dawson, Jeff (2000). Stitching a Revolution: The Making of an Activist. ISBN _PHONE_
- Milk, Harvey (2012). The Harvey Milk Interviews: In His Own Words, Vince Emery Productions. ISBN 978-0-_PHONE_-8-8 (Includes transcripts from three debates between Harvey Milk and John Briggs, and an interview with Milk about the Briggs Initiative.)
- Shilts, Randy (1982). The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk, St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-52330-0
- California Ballot Propositions Database from University of California Hastings College of the Law Library, a comprehensive, searchable source of information on California ballot propositions from 1911 to the present


I've not found a clear answer to my question below. Everything I found on the internet was too fuzzy and vague, so I hope this is not a duplicate.
In which way does the word "quite" in front of an adjective strengthen or weaken the corresponding adjective?
Some examples:
Consider: "I'm quite good at school."
Does this mean I am very good at school, or like "good, but also not one of the best students" or even only considerably good?
The same for this: "I can run quite fast."
I've read, that this means that I can run not very fast, and I've also read that it means that I can run "very very fast, but not like Usain Bolt".
If you've checked the dictionary you'll have seen that there are 2, somewhat contradictory definitions for "quite":
 1. to the utmost or most absolute extent or degree; absolutely; completely.
 2. to a certain or fairly significant extent or degree; fairly.
In short, "quite" can mean "very" or "not so much"!
In spoken English, we tend to put emphasis on the word when we are minimising something, and perhaps draw it out with a negative inflexion, for example:
-was the town busy?
-it was quite busy. (meaning it wasn't very busy)
Also, as a very general rule, we wouldn't use it to mean the highest degree unless we were using it with a strong word such as "excellent", "marvellous" or "terrible". With more moderate words like "good" or "bad", it tends to be added to understate. For example, "I can run quite fast" would probably mean reasonably fast; wheras "I can run quite rapidly!" sounds far more positive, and would likely be taken to mean very fast.
In modern type-written English we use italics, bold, underlining, "quote marks" etc to tweak the inferred meanings of words - "just that little bit of fine tuning".
In spoken English, we use volume, inflection - and modifier words - when we wish to tweak a word's meaning, ever so slightly.
Fairly, rather, quite and pretty are all degree modifiers. They are used to express the degree to which a certain quality is present. Fairly does not show a high degree of something, rather and quite do.
So quite emphasizes the word busy - not busy enough to be very busy, as Astralbee noted in that excellent answer, but more than just busy.
Your Answer


Text 911 on iPhone or Apple Watch
You can quickly text 911 in the United States using your iPhone or Apple Watch.
Before you begin
Texting 911 requires an iPhone running iOS 13 or later, or an Apple Watch with watchOS 6 or later. Your iPhone must have a cellular connection; your watch needs either a cellular connection or to be near the iPhone that it's paired with. To text 911 using Siri, make sure that Siri is turned on.
You can text emergency services only in locations where it's supported. In places that don't support texting emergency services, you might receive a "bounce-back" message indicating that the text didn't go through.
How to text 911 on your iPhone or Apple Watch
Text 911 using Siri or by typing your message.
Use Siri
 - On your iPhone, say "Hey Siri, text 911." Or press the side button for a few moments, then immediately make your request.
 - On your Apple Watch, say "Hey Siri, text 911." Or, if you have Raise to Speak turned on, just raise your wrist and say "text 911." You can also press and hold the Digital Crown and make your request.
If asking Siri to text 911 doesn't work, make sure that you have Siri turned on.
Type your text message
If you're in a situation where it's safer or more convenient, or if Siri is turned off, you can type your emergency text.
On iPhone:
 1. Open the Messages app.
 2. In the To field, type 911.
 3. In the Text Message field, type your emergency.
 4. Tap the send button.
On Apple Watch:
 1. Open the Messages app.
 2. Press the Messages screen firmly.
 3. Tap New Message.
 4. Tap Add Contact.
 5. Tap the number pad button, then type 911.
 6. Tap Create Message.
 7. Tap the Scribble button to write a message with your finger.
 8. Tap Send.
After you text 911, your device enters emergency mode for 30 minutes. To get out of emergency mode, restart your iPhone or Apple Watch.
Learn more
You can use Emergency SOS to quickly and easily call for help and alert your emergency contacts.
Published Date:


Economic Impact Studies
Kleinhenz & Associates provides in depth economic impact studies that capture the direct, indirect, and induced effects on the economy of a particular project or industry. Economic impact studies research the quantitative impact of topics by including economic and financial data that may include estimates of tax information, employment data, and GDP, to explore the economic implications of the topic being studied. Kleinhenz & Associates is well known for its economic impact studies throughout the regional oil and gas industry and on topics ranging from climate studies, to transportation, technology, housing, and energy resources.
Project Examples
 - Currently engaged in study that quantifies the economic impact of the 2014 Toledo drinking water crisis due to algae bloom in Lake Erie.
 - Evaluated the economic contribution and affiliated benefits of the operations of a major museum, including significant capital expenditures related to facility expansion and the expenditures from visitors.
 - Examined a 25-year replacement program for a major gas pipeline on the State of Ohio's Economy.
 - Conducted an assessment of the potential economic impact associated with the emergence of a significant market for offshore wind in Lake Erie. Estimates were made for the economic impact upon the state of Ohio, Northern Ohio (21 counties), and Northeast Ohio (14 counties). This study investigated the economic effects of two scenarios depicting different deployment rates of wind turbines in Lake Erie.
 - Identified and estimated the economic benefits to the State of Ohio from the products, information, services, and expenditures provided by and associated with the Ohio Geological Survey (OGS). Kleinhenz & Associates advanced a theoretical framework to explain the private as well as public good benefits provided by the OGS.


text:
North Carolina has a wide diversity of ecosystems and species. From elk to red wolves, from Venus fly traps to bobwhite quail, the state is home to more than 825 species of fish and wildlife, 175 species of butterflies, and over 625 flora species.
The "top nine" list obviously doesn't include all the special places the state offers hunters, anglers, campers, paddlers, hikers, photographers or birders, but it tries to capture a cross-section of North Carolina's beauty and uniqueness.
A brochure highlighting just what makes the Little Tennessee River so special suggests a novel way to explore the mountain aquatic ecosystem: by donning a snorkel mask and glimpsing life below the surface.
"It's a fantastic place to go 'fish-watching.' It's like bird-watching in the water," according to the Wildlife Federations' write-up on the river. "Pull on a dive mask and a snorkel, and you can slowly ease your way into riffles and the heads and tails of pools and check out some of the most brilliantly colored wildlife on display."
In particular, from April to June, hundreds of fish can be seen swarming over gravel mounds built up on the river bottom as spawning grounds by the fish themselves. The phenomenon is also a testament to how interdependent species are to one another in the aquatic ecosystem. The large gravel nests built by river chubs in turn attract a host of other fish.
"Scientists have counted at least 13 other fish species that spawn over bluehead chub nests (there may be many more) and at least one, the gorgeous yellowfin shiner, rare in North Carolina, appears to require chub nests for successful spawning," according to the Wildlife Federation.
Other spots on the "top nine" wildlife list include:
- Green River Game Land, mountains
- Wilson Creek, mountains
- Stone Mountain State Park/Thurmond Chatham Game Land Complex, mountains
- Cowan's Ford Wildlife Refuge, Piedmont
- Hanging Rock State Park, Piedmont
- Roanoke River, coast
- Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge-Pungo Unit, coast
- Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, coast


the any generators of $N$. If we define $$\phi_h, h\in H$$ then it is clear that $\phi_h(n)\in N$. In fact, $\phi_h\in Aut(N)$. So there is for example $l$, $0\leq l\leq 16$ such that $$\phi_h(n)=n^l$$ Note that $H,N$ both are cyclic. Since we assume that $\phi_h$ for all $h\in H$ is an automorphism and $|N|=17$ then we should have $(l,17)=1$. In fact we define $$h^{-1}nh=n^l,\;\;0\leq l\leq 16,\;\;(l,17)=1$$ These are well defined relations for our desired $G$.
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Your Answer


text:
We just set another January heat record, six degrees above the previous high. But the heat wave left half of the capital in the cold for much of the day.
Wednesday's mark of 11.6 C beat the old record of 5.6 C from 1974. The last time we blew away a previous record by this much was during last spring's "March melt."
Normally records are beaten by small fractions of one degree.
On Wednesday afternoon, a weather front divided south-end Ottawa, the hot zone, from downtown and Gatineau, where it was much colder.
While Environment Canada was registering 9 C at the Ottawa International Airport at 1 p.m., its measuring station at the Central Experimental Farm showed just 3 C and Gatineau was at 2 C.
By 3 p.m., it was 11.6 C at the airport, but the temperature had fallen to just 2.9 C in Gatineau.
That pattern of two solitudes held through much of the afternoon.
"There's a big temperature gradient between the Experiment Farm and the airport," said Peter Kimbell of Environment Canada. "We've been waiting for this jump (in temperature) to happen."
Temperatures at the airport shot up by seven degrees in the hour from noon to 1 p.m., the warmth blown in by a gusty southwest wind, then kept climbing slowly.
Communities south of the city were even warmer: 14 C at Brockville and 13 C at Maxville.
Why the big difference between neighbourhoods? Blame it on the Ottawa Valley, Kimbell says.
"The cold air gets trapped in the valley. It often does this. It just takes time for it to reach Ottawa."
Cold air is dense and heavy, and it's hard to push out of the valley once it settles in. While southwest winds were blowing over much of Ottawa, Gatineau maintained a stubborn northeast breeze.
"That's why we often get freezing rain storms in the wintertime, because the cold air gets trapped in the valley, and that's what is happening right now," he said.
The source of the heat (and rain) is the "big push" of warm air blowing north from the Gulf of Mexico, he said. It was causing tornadoes in Georgia.
But on Thursday cold air should move back into our region.
Ottawa's previous record of 5.6 C was in 1974. The coldest Jan. 30 on record was in 1952, at -31.1 C.
Environment Canada had been predicting the warm air, but forecasts had jumped around in recent days from 8 C to 14 C.
Ottawa also set a record high of 7 C on Jan. 12.


Article thumbnail
Understanding the Role of PknJ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Biochemical Characterization and Identification of Novel Substrate Pyruvate Kinase A
By Gunjan Arora, Andaleeb Sajid, Meetu Gupta, Asani Bhaduri, Pawan Kumar, Sharmila Basu-Modak and Yogendra Singh
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a prevalent signaling mechanism which modulates cellular metabolism in response to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we focus on previously uncharacterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr protein kinase (STPK) PknJ, a putative transmembrane protein. PknJ is shown to possess autophosphorylation activity and is also found to be capable of carrying out phosphorylation on the artificial substrate myelin basic protein (MyBP). Previous studies have shown that the autophosphorylation activity of M. tuberculosis STPKs is dependent on the conserved residues in the activation loop. However, our results show that apart from the conventional conserved residues, additional residues in the activation loop may also play a crucial role in kinase activation. Further characterization of PknJ reveals that the kinase utilizes unusual ions (Ni2+, Co2+) as cofactors, thus hinting at a novel mechanism for PknJ activation. Additionally, as shown for other STPKs, we observe that PknJ possesses the capability to dimerize. In order to elucidate the signal transduction cascade emanating from PknJ, the M. tuberculosis membrane-associated protein fraction is treated with the active kinase and glycolytic enzyme Pyruvate kinase A (mtPykA) is identified as one of the potential substrates of PknJ. The phospholabel is found to be localized on serine and threonine residue(s), with Ser37 identified as one of the sites of phosphorylation. Since Pyk is known to catalyze the last step of glycolysis, our study shows that the fundamental pathways such as glycolysis can also be governed by STPK-mediated signaling
Topics: Research Article
Publisher: Public Library of Science
OAI identifier:
Provided by: PubMed Central
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 1. (2006). A conserved dimer and global conformational changes in the structure of apo-PknE Ser/Thr protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 2. (2007). A curated compendium of phosphorylation motifs.
 3. (1997). A serine/threonine protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 4. (2007). Allosteric activation by dimerization of the PknD receptor Ser/Thr protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 5. (2003). An FHA phosphoprotein recognition domain mediates protein EmbR phosphorylation by PknH, a Ser/Thr protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 6. (2006). Attack on the scourge of Tuberculosis: Patented Drug Targets. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov
 7. (2006). Characterization of yeast pyruvate kinase 1 as a protein kinase A substrate, and specificity of the phosphorylation site sequence in the whole protein.
 9. (1998). Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence.
 11. (2006). edition.
 12. (2002). Evidence that a eukaryotic-type serine/threonine protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulates morphological changes associated with cell division.
 13. (1999). Expression and characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine protein kinase PknB.
 14. (2009). Forkhead-associated domaincontaining protein Rv0019c and Polyketide-associated protein PapA5, from substrates of Serine/Threonine Protein kinase PknB to interacting proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 15. (2009). Global effects of inactivation of the pyruvate kinase gene in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
 16. (1978). Glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase in hepatocytes.
 17. (2006). GTPase activity of mycobacterial FtsZ is impaired due to its transphosphorylation by the eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr kinase,
 18. (2005). Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv integral membrane proteins by onedimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
 19. (2005). Immunogenic membrane-associated proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed by proteomics.
 20. (2007). M. tuberculosis Ser/Thr protein kinase D phosphorylates an anti-anti-sigma factor homolog.
 21. (2007). Mycobacterial cells have dual nickel-cobalt sensors: sequence relationships and metal sites of metal-responsive repressors are not congruent.
 22. (2009). Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtkA is a novel protein tyrosine kinase whose substrate is PtpA.
 23. (1991). Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates.
 24. (2003). Phosphoprotein phosphatase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dephosphorylates serine-threonine kinases PknA and PknB.
 25. (2007). Phosphoproteome analysis of E. coli reveals evolutionary conservation of bacterial Ser/Thr/Tyr Phosphorylation.
 26. (1985). Phosphorylation of L-type pyruvate kinase by a Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
 27. (2003). PknB kinase activity is regulated by phosphorylation in two Thr residues and dephosphorylation by PstP, the cognate phospho-Ser/Thr phosphatase, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 28. (2008). Protein kinase E of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a role in the nitric oxide stress response and apoptosis in a human macrophage model of infection.
 29. (2004). Protein kinase G from pathogenic mycobacteria promotes survival within macrophages.
 30. (2006). Protein kinase I of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Cellular localization and expression during infection of macrophage-like cells.
 31. (1995). Protein kinases 6. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: Kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification.
 32. (2003). Protein PknE, a novel transmembrane eukaryotic-like serine/threonine kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 33. (1974). Pyruvate kinase of Escherichia coli. Its role in supplying nucleoside triphosphates in cells under anaerobic conditions.
 34. (2003). Pyruvate kinase: current status of regulatory and functional properties.
 35. (2008). Regulation of glutamate metabolism by protein kinases in mycobacteria.
 36. (2004). Regulation of Protein Kinases: Controlling Activity through Activation Segment Conformation.
 37. (2008). Regulation of the SigH stress response regulon by an essential protein kinase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 38. (2005). Role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ser/Thr kinase PknF: Implications in glucose transport and cell division.
 39. (2005). Role of protein kinase G in growth and glutamine metabolism of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
 40. (2007). Serine threonine protein kinases of mycobacterial genus: Phylogeny to function.
 41. (2005). Structure/function studies of Ser/Thr and Tyr protein phosphorylation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 42. (2006). The condensing activities of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis t y p eI If a t t ya c i ds y n t h a s ea r e differentially regulated by phosphorylation.
 43. (2009). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis GroEL1 chaperone is a substrate of Ser/Thr Protein Kinases.
 44. (2009). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein kinase K modulates activation of transcription from the promoter of mycobacterial monooxygenase operon through phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulator VirS.
 45. (2008). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine kinase PknL phosphorylates Rv2175c: mass spectrometric profiling of the activation loop phosphorylation sites and their role in the recruitment of Rv2175c.
 46. (2005). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine kinases PknA and PknB: Substrate identification and regulation of cell shape.
 47. (1997). The nucleoside diphosphate kinase of Mycobacterium smegmatis: identification of proteins that modulate specificity of nucleoside triphosphate synthesis by the enzyme.
 48. (2005). The pyruvate requirement of some members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is due to an


text:
Common Lady's Mantle - Alchemilla vulgaris L. s.l.
Rose family (Rosaceae)
Alchemilla vulgaris is a very diverse group of species with small species that can only be distinguished with difficulty, which is why suffix sl is used (sensu latiore = in the broader sense). The Common Lady's Mantle is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere and in Europe from the Mediterranean to Iceland. It is a 30 to 50cm long half-rosette herbaceous plant, the basal leaves are very characteristic with their rounded, folded blade with 7-9 semicircular flaps. It is reminiscent of a cape as worn by Mary in holy images and since the plant was formerly used in gynaecology, it was named Lady's Mantle. The yellow flowers are very small and are coiled in richly flowering inflorescences. The genus name, Alchemilla (= small alchemist, alchemist herb) probably comes from Arabic (al-Kimiya = chemistry) and refers to the water droplets on the leaf's edge in the early morning emerging from so-called hydathodes through a process of guttation (often erroneously described as "dew"), which then flow together in a funnel-shaped leaf base to form a large pearl. Alchemists have attributed special healing powers to these droplets.
The dried above ground parts consisting of leaves, flowers and stems collected during flowering time are used. The commercial drug comes from farms in eastern and southern European countries.
Lady's Mantle contains tannins (mainly ellagitannins) and flavonoids.
For mild non-specific diarrhea (Commission E).
In combination with other drugs to improve general well-being (traditional use according to § 109a).
Cut drug to prepare tea
Pour 150ml of boiling water over 1 to 2g finely chopped Lady's Mantle herb and then strain after 10 minutes.
A visit to the doctor is recommended after 3 to 4 days of persistent diarrhoea. Currently there is no experience available for its use during pregnancy and breast-feeding as well as for use in children under 12 years old.
Wichtl: Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka, pg. 54
Schilcher: Leitfaden Phytotherapie, pg. 100
Van Wyk: Handbuch der Arzneipflanzen, pg. 37
Kommentar zum Europäischen Arzneibuch (Lady's Mantle herb, no. 1387)


"Too Big to Certify"
In Kett v. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 2020 BCSC 1879, Justice Branch dismissed a certification application because the case was "too big to certify". The case confirms that there are limits to the scale of class actions—while plaintiffs may create the appearance of commonality through abstraction, certification will be inappropriate where individual analyses dominate.
The judgement is also notable for:
 - limiting the use of BC's Business Practices and Consumer Protection Act (the "BPCPA") against parties in a supply chain that provide components; not finished goods in the form received by consumers;
 - requiring plaintiffs' counsel to disclose any relationship between the plaintiff and the firm; and
 - requiring plaintiffs to file more than a "standard form" litigation plan in complex cases.
The defendants sold a vast array of automobile parts to vehicle manufacturers and others in the automotive supply chain. With the possible exception of replacement parts, the parts sold by the defendants were all incorporated into vehicles then sold by others. The defendants did not deal directly with consumers.
The defendants delivered certain products to their customers that deviated from specifications. For example, the defendants did not perform all of the testing and inspections that they recorded. After their misconduct came to light, some of the defendants were charged with offences. None of their customers raised safety concerns.
The plaintiff alleged that the misconduct resulted in higher vehicle prices for consumers. He primarily relied on the statutory causes of action in the BPCPA but also advanced claims in unjust enrichment and the unlawful means tort.
The BPCPA does not allow consumers to target any component in a complex supply chain
The court concluded that the vast majority of the BPCPA claim was bound to fail because the defendants did not "supply" "goods" in a "consumer transaction" under the BPCPA. Rather the defendants supplied goods (automobile parts) to others who then supplied goods (vehicles) to consumers. The court emphasized that consumers were buying vehicles, not collections of parts—the BPCPA does not allow consumers to target any component in a complex supply chain when they buy a finished product. As an exception to this general conclusion, the court accepted that the plaintiff and other consumers may have a claim under the BPCPA for any replacement parts they purchased in the final form distributed by the defendants.
The court held that the diminished BPCPA claim and the claims in unjust enrichment and the unlawful means tort were not bound to fail.
Class action is not the preferable procedure: "a monster of complexity and cost"
The court nevertheless refused to certify the action because of its complexity—there was a significant risk that it would collapse under its own weight.
For example, the first proposed common issue asked whether the defendants "fraudulently alter[ed] quality control certifications". The court held that the question was too broad to be common because there was no allegation of systematic wrongdoing across all defendants and products. Instead, each shipment of products would have to be reviewed individually. As the court explained (para. 139):
Would a class member with Part #545 from Shipment #9,456…want their counsel or their expert wasting time and money chasing down whether Part #123 from Shipment #3,225…also failed to meet testing standards?
The court concluded that most of the proposed common issues were not common for similar reasons. For example, any analysis of the alleged overcharge would have to be done on a shipment-by-shipment basis.
The court went on to conclude that a class action was not preferable—but rather "a monster of complexity and cost" (para. 193). For example, in considering causation it would have been necessary to assess what different purchasers (not class members) would have done had they known of the misconduct. Some might have accepted shipments anyway; others might have demanded discounts. And even more individuality existed at the class member level (para. 180):
One class member might have only one product from one defendant in their vehicle, while another could have multiple products made by multiple defendants. As such, even two class members who both obtained a vehicle containing Product #347 will not necessarily require the same analysis. For example, their overcharge analysis could differ if the second class member's vehicle also contained defendants' Product #5481.
Relationships between the plaintiff and the law firm must be disclosed
The court concluded that the plaintiff and counsel should have disclosed the relationship between them. The plaintiff was the brother-in-law of a former associate in the plaintiff's counsel's firm. The court noted the "positive obligation [that an affiant attest that all material facts to the certification application have been disclosed] is frequently, and unfortunately, observed in the breach by both sides on most certification applications" and the "failure does not reflect well on class counsel".
Despite his comments, the court concluded that the plaintiff was an adequate representative because his brother-in-law resigned from the firm before he swore his affidavit in support of certification, thereby negating the conflict.
In complex cases, plaintiffs must produce more than a "standard form" litigation plan
Finally, the court rejected the plaintiff's proposed litigation plan. The court acknowledged that similar litigation plans had been approved in previous cases, but concluded that a "standard form" plan was too simplistic for such a complex action. Citing Justice Winkler from the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, the court concluded:
In a proceeding of this size and complexity, a proper litigation plan should reflect a clear acknowledgment of the massive undertaking involved...and should satisfy the court as to how the resources available to the plaintiffs can be brought to bear to ensure that the litigation can be conducted in a way so as to protect the interests of class members.
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How Do You Prune Opuntia Erinacea?
Opuntia Erinacea needs to be pruned at least once every year during spring and summer to encourage new growth. When pruning your Opuntia Erinacea, you should make sure that the cut is not too deep because it might damage the plant. The following are some of the ways to prune your Opuntia Erinacea;
Cut off dead parts:
You should cut away any dead leaves, stems, and buds using a sharp spade or pruning shears. It is best to remove the dead parts while they are still green because when they dry up and become brown, they will be hard or impossible to remove from the plant.
Remove overgrown stems:
You should prune away an overgrown stem. You should make sure that you use a sharp spade and make sure that you also remove the leaves from the cut part to avoid damage to the plant.
When you remove older stems from the plant, it will cause the regrowth of new plants. You should also remove dead leaves and old stems to prevent overcrowding and loss of light for your Opuntia Erinacea.
Trim the edges:
You should also trim the edges of your Opuntia Erinacea every year to encourage new growth. It is best to make the cuts of your cactus at the base of the leaves so that you can encourage budding and regrowth.
Remove damaged parts:
You should remove any damaged parts from your cactus as soon as possible. The best time is when they are still green and healthy, but if they are brown or damaged, you should remove them immediately. By doing this, you will save your cactus from aggressive diseases that can cause brown spots and yellowing.
Remove old and overcrowded plants:
When you remove overgrown and old plants from the plant, they will promote the regrowth of new plants and also encourage new growth. Old plants can also trigger brown spots on your plant which are caused by insects. When removing older plants, you should also remove their leaves to prevent overcrowding of the interior part of the plant.
Why Is My Opuntia Erinacea Dying?
The most common reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is due to cold temperatures. It also might be caused by improper watering, over-watering, and too much sunlight.
When your plant is getting sick, you should increase the airflow around its roots and use a humidity regulator to lower the humidity level in its nearby environment. Watering your cactus with room temperature water can also trigger brown spots on your plant.
To keep your plant in a healthy condition, avoid over-watering it and make sure that the soil is never dry or wet. You should also place your Opuntia Erinacea in an area with plenty of sunlight. The following are the reason why Opuntia Erinacea is dying;
The most common reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is due to over-watering. You should never over-water your cactus and make sure that the soil is always moist. You should also make sure that you are watering it at the right frequency. Watering using cold water can also trigger brown spots on your plant. It is best to use room-temperature water when watering your Opuntia Erinacea.
Another common reason why your Opuntia Erinacea might be dying is due to over-fertilizing it. You should only use cactus fertilizer and not use normal garden fertilizer.
The fertilizer is also best if you mix it in with the soil before the planting time. You should not top-feed your cactus, so there is no need to use fertilizers.
Another common reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is due to too much sunlight. You should also make sure that the sunlight on your plant is not too bright because this can cause brown spots on your Opuntia Erinacea. If there are no spots on it, you should only allow it to be exposed to strong sunlight during the day.
Lack of nutrients:
The common reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is due to a lack of nutrients. You should only use cactus fertilizer to promote new growth and flowering. The best way to prevent this is by using organic fertilizers and soil with rich nutrients. You should also make sure that the pH of the soil is normal. You should not use any soil acid.
Another common reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is due to fungal diseases or molds. You should get rid of the problem immediately by removing the infected leaves and stems. You should also make sure that there are no ants around the plants so that they won't carry away fungal spores to infect your plant.
Lack of ventilation:
The reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is that there are too many growths. To keep your cactus healthy and avoid brown spots, you should make sure that it gets enough ventilation. If there are too many stems around the plant, you should remove them immediately because they create overcrowding and also affect the temperature inside the soil.
The reason why your cactus might be dying is that it does not have enough drainage. Before planting your Opuntia Erinacea, you should make sure that the soil is well-drained. You should also make sure that the plant has proper drainage by using a pot with perforations or by using a pot with holes in its bottom.
Lack of temperature:
The reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is that it does not have enough temperature. It is also called dormancy or vegetative rest. It means that the plant has not fully recovered from its growth stage and therefore it does not want to grow. You should not let your Opuntia Erinacea get too cold or too hot to keep it growing.
Lack of water:
Another reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is that there is not enough water around it. It is also called dehydration or desiccation. It means that your Opuntia Erinacea has not been able to take up water from its surrounding soil. You should make sure that there is enough water around it by just watering it once every 2 weeks.
The reason why your Opuntia Erinacea is dying is because of over-pruning. You should keep in mind that your Opuntia Erinacea is a perennial type of cactus and not an annual one. This means that you should not remove its leaves, stems, or even its flowers when they are growing. It is best to use pruning shears to trim off the dead tissue.
What Are The Benefits Of Opuntia Erinacea?
Opuntia Erinacea is a beautiful and decorative cactus. It is also the perfect houseplant because it can be used in indoor and outdoor areas. Opuntia Erinacea is not only decorative but also a good ornamental plant for your home and office.
It can be placed in various rooms in your home or office, especially if you have a greenhouse environment or an arid area in your area. The following are the benefits of growing Opuntia Erinacea;
An easy-to-grow ornamental cactus:
Opuntia Erinacea is that it is an easy-to-grow ornamental cactus. It can be grown outdoors in colder climates, while those who live in a warmer climate can directly transplant their Opuntia Erinacea in their garden so that they can enjoy them throughout the year. It is also a good idea to grow it indoors where it can be used as living décor.
Easy to propagate:
It is also easy to propagate your Opuntia Erinacea. You can propagate it by cutting the stem of the plant and putting it in a mix of clay, sand, and vermiculite. Then you can put it in a container filled with sand.
It is drought resistant:
Opuntia Erinacea can survive drought, especially during hot summer seasons because it has considerable water-storage capability such as water-storage cells or stomata. This means that the plant can survive in dry places and still be green, healthy, and alive.
It also repels termites:
Opuntia Erinacea is also a good plant to repel termites. Termites hate the smell of alkaloids that Opuntia Erinacea produces. It is a natural pest repellent and you can use it for your house plants too to keep termites away.
Opuntia Erinacea is also an ornamental plant that can attract various kinds of birds with its bright red and yellow flowers. Moreover, it can also attract butterflies and bees. It is a perfect choice for those who want to keep their garden free from pests or even just want to enjoy the sight of these beautiful creatures.
It has medicinal properties:
The Opuntia Erinacea is also beneficial because of its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, and chemo-protective activities. It is a good choice for those who want to take advantage of various benefits of this ornamental cactus and also want to use it for their home or office plants.
Source of nutrition:
Opuntia Erinacea is also a good source of nutrition, especially protein and calcium. You can include this cactus in your diet to take advantage of the health benefits it provides. You can also consume it as a drink since it is high in minerals such as potassium, zinc, sodium, and magnesium.
Opuntia Erinacea is also a low-maintenance cactus. This means that it requires less time to take care of and requires only basic care. You can give it water once in 2 weeks or even just once a month depending on the environment where you are keeping your Opuntia Erinacea.


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CHADBOURN -- The community of Chadbourn began celebrating black history month this weekend. More than 50 people gathered to share what black history means to them on Saturday. The annual Black History Expo is part of a local celebration in Chadbourn, highlighting influential African American figures while showcasing local talent. The event featured young performers, traditional folk music and the work of local black artists. Organizers say this is one positive event where children in the area can appreciate their heritage. Angela Leach with the Black History Expo said, "They will learn a sense of pride, it helps them identify who they are, as adults we need to encourage and to enlighten them so they can grow." One folk artist could trace his ancestry all the way back to the 1700s. The event also provided health information on medical conditions that affect African-Americans and also gave people the opportunity to register to vote.
- Video Central
- About WWAY


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Posted: July 25, 2012, 9 a.m. EDT
Q: I think my baby mouse is sick. She has not been urinating for the last 48 hours, and this happened twice. Also, three days ago her pee was a very hot orange color. I'm so very worried about my baby.
A: When any animal does not produce urine, it is a cause for worry. This usually occurs for two reasons. First, if an animal becomes very dehydrated, it may produce very little urine while it remains depleted of water. A mouse may become dehydrated due to something as simple as the water bottle not working or not being filled. Or a mouse may become dehydrated because it is sick and is not drinking water. The second reason animals do not produce urine is due to kidney disease. In some stages of kidney disease, the response is to stop producing urine.
In either instance, dehydration or kidney disease, the lack of urine is a significantly bad sign. Urine helps the body regulate water and electrolytes. Urine also helps the body remove harmful waste products. When urine is not produced, the body becomes metabolically unbalanced, which can lead to very serious disease and further organ dysfunction leading to death in a number of days.
Finally, sometimes the animal is producing urine but a blockage in the urethra prevents it from urinating. This could be another reason why your mouse cannot urinate. If this is the case, it is an emergency that needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
See all of Dr. Rosenthal's Critter Q&A articles>>


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Imagine a living organism 30 stories tall and wider than two parking spaces. It is humbling to stand amidst such giants in the ancient forests of Olympic National Park. The Olympic Peninsula lowlands, with their mild climate, deeper soils and generous rainfall grow world record trees. These old survivors record centuries of history in their massive trunks.
What is old growth forest?
Though there are old groves of subalpine firs, and huge trees amid the temperate rain forest in the park, when scientists use the term old growth, they are usually referring to Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests with these characteristics:
- Trees older than about 200 years
- Abundant downed wood on the ground
- A multi-layered canopy
- Standing dead trees called snags
Value of the Forest
What is the value of a tree, a forest? A tree might have so many board feet and thus be worth a certain amount to a homebuilder. Or a tree might be the only in the area with branches wide enough for a marbled murrelet to lay her egg on. Or a group of trees might anchor the soil on a slope above a town, or above a drinking water supply. Or a tree and its neighbors might filter the air, taking in carbon dioxide we've added to our atmosphere and helping to store it harmlessly, locked up in its woody tissue. In Olympic, you can walk the lowland forest and answer that question for yourself.
Where To See Lowland, Old Growth Forests
Explore the Sol Duc or Elwha valleys, or trails at Lake Crescent. Or visit the forest around Staircase in the southeast corner of the park.


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A small, typically family-operated, retail business
A store or shop that sells agricultural produce:
The definition of a grocery is a store where food is bought, or the items for sale there.
a marketplace where groceries are sold
Find another word for grocery-store. In this page you can discover 7 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for grocery-store, like: food mart, mom and pop store, food store, market, supermarket, grocery and food market.


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What is Fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X?
Fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X, also known as optical brightener CBS-X, is a highly effective whitening agent widely used in the manufacturing of laundry detergent products. Its brilliant blue-violet shade provides an enhanced level of whiteness and brightness to fabrics, making them appear cleaner and brighter. CBS-X is particularly effective in brightening white fabrics which have yellowed over time due to exposure to sunlight or repeated washing.
CBS-X is an anionic compound and works by interacting with ultraviolet light.
The fluorescent properties of CBS-X work to absorb ultraviolet light and reflect back blue-violet light, which gives textiles a brighter appearance. The increased whiteness of fabrics is particularly effective in hiding stains and soil that may remain after washing.
Laundry detergents that contain CBS-X are typically marketed as "whitening" or "brightening" detergents. The concentration of CBS-X in the detergent is closely monitored by manufacturers to ensure that the optimum amount is used to achieve maximum whiteness without causing any damage to the fabric.
The use of CBS-X in laundry detergents is highly regulated by global and national authorities. These regulations ensure that CBS-X is safe for human health and the environment. Regulatory bodies, such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), enforce strict regulations on the use, manufacture, and disposal of CBS-X.
Well, let's take the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X purchased by the washing powder/liquid factory as an example to analyze and explain in detail.
First of all, when the washing powder factory purchases the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X, it needs to pay attention to confirm the recommended concentration with the supplier. Generally speaking, the recommended concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X in laundry detergent is usually between 0.05% and 0.1%, and the specific concentration can be adjusted according to product requirements and user needs.
After adding fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X, laundry detergent products can significantly improve the brightness and cleanliness of white fabrics. The luminescent effect of fluorescent whitening agents can cover up yellow or gray stains on fabrics, making white clothes look clearer and brighter. This not only enhances the cleaning ability of laundry detergent products, but also allows users to feel bright and clean when wearing white clothes.
In addition, the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X also has good stability and compatibility, can be compatible with detergents and other additives, and will not negatively affect other properties of laundry detergent. This allows detergent powder factories to easily combine the optical brightener CBS-X with other ingredients during the production process to create stable laundry detergent products.
The advantages of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X are not only reflected in improving the brightness of white fabrics, but also increasing the durability of the effect after washing. Due to its good adhesion in fabrics, adding fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X to laundry detergent products can keep white clothes bright after repeated washings and prolong their service life.
In addition, the safety of the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X to fabrics in the washing process has also been widely recognized. It will not cause damage to fabric fibers or cause allergic reactions, ensuring the safety and comfort of washing clothes for users.
For washing powder factories, it is very important to choose a high-quality optical brightener CBS-X supplier. They should cooperate with reliable suppliers to ensure that the purchased fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X meets the relevant quality standards and regulatory requirements. At the same time, communicate with suppliers in time to understand product technical guidance and application suggestions to ensure the best results in laundry detergent manufacturing. RAYTOP is a well-known optical brightener manufacturer in China. Can meet the detailed requirements of laundry detergent and laundry detergent.
How does the washing powder factory use the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X in the production process?
Let's break it down in detail below.
1. Determine the amount of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X
Understand the recommended concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X: When communicating with fluorescent whitening agent suppliers, understand the recommended concentration range. Generally speaking, the concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X is usually between 0.05% and 0.1% in laundry detergent. If the factory has special requirements for its own products, it can experiment with the dosage many times, and finally get the dosage you want.
Adjust according to product requirements: According to the characteristics of laundry detergent products and user needs, the concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X can be fine-tuned. For example, for products that require higher brightness effects, the amount of fluorescent whitening agent can be slightly increased.
2. Steps of adding fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X
Define the timing of adding: determine the timing of adding the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. In general, it is usually added in the final stage of laundry detergent manufacturing to ensure that other ingredients have been well mixed.
Prepare fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X: Prepare an appropriate amount of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X according to the predetermined concentration.
Adding to the laundry detergent manufacturing process: Add the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X evenly into the laundry detergent manufacturing process. It can be carried out by spraying, dropping or weighing to ensure that the fluorescent whitening agent is evenly dispersed throughout the laundry detergent.
Thorough mixing: According to the technical requirements of laundry detergent manufacturing, fully stir or mix the laundry detergent to ensure that the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X is evenly distributed and fully mixed with other ingredients.
3. Quality control and testing
Quality control: The washing powder factory should establish a quality control program to monitor the addition process of the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. Make sure to use the correct dosage and follow the relevant quality standards and regulatory requirements.
Conduct testing: Take samples from the laundry detergent manufacturing process for testing to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. Common tests include whiteness test and fluorescence test.
Whiteness test: Use a professional whiteness measuring instrument to test the white fabric in the laundry detergent product, and compare the whiteness change before and after adding the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. Make sure products with optical brighteners provide a bright, clean afterwash finish.
Fluorescence test: Use ultraviolet light to irradiate the white fabric in the laundry detergent product, and observe its fluorescence effect in a dark environment. Fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X can emit blue light, making white fabrics show a bright fluorescent effect. Make sure that the product after adding fluorescent whitening agent has good fluorescent properties.
Through the quality control and testing of the optical brightener CBS-X addition process, the laundry detergent factory can ensure the stability and consistency of the product to meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
To sum up, the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X plays an important role in the manufacture of laundry detergent. Through the correct dosage and usage method, it can significantly improve the cleaning ability and after-washing effect of laundry detergent products, and keep users' white clothes bright and clean. Laundry powder factories should cooperate with reliable suppliers to select high-quality fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X and follow relevant technical guidance to ensure the production of excellent laundry detergent products that meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
In conclusion, the use of CBS-X as a whitening agent in laundry detergents is a common practice. Its effectiveness in increasing the brightness and whiteness of fabrics has made it a popular choice for detergent manufacturers. The continued regulatory oversight ensures that the use of CBS-X in laundry products is safe and environmentally friendly.


Boarding the bus
When your 'buggy friendly' bus arrives, you should lean the buggy onto its rear wheels, move the buggy forward and lower the front wheels onto the bus. You can ask the driver to lower the step if you need to. Do not try to board when the step is lowering, as you could trap your buggy's wheels between the step and the kerb.
 1. Make sure your buggy is in the special 'buggy zone' on board
 2. Apply the brakes and keep hold of your buggy at all times
 3. Never leave your child or buggy unattended whilst on board
 4. Don't hang shopping or other bags on your buggy, it could overbalance
When getting off the bus
 1. Before attempting to get off the bus make sure that it is not in the process of kneeling. This is to prevent your buggy's wheels becoming trapped between the bus step and the kerb
 2. Lean your buggy back slightly on to its rear wheels and move forward until the rear wheels are at the edge of the step. Lower your buggy, keeping it as level as possible until the wheels make contact with the ground
 3. Remember, you can always ask the driver to lower the step for you
There is limited space for buggies on board our buses, this can vary depending on the bus, the number of buggies and the size of the buggies. If there are already buggies on board the driver may ask you to fold your buggy. Please help us make the trip safe for everyone and don't block the aisles or exits of the bus with your buggy.
Currently, not all of our buses are 'buggy friendly', in which case, you will need to fold your buggy and stow it in the luggage rack. Don't worry, the driver will give you time to do this.
When a wheelchair user needs to use the wheelchair space
Wheelchair users have priority over everyone else for the use of the designated wheelchair space, since this is the only place in which they can travel safely. Non-wheelchair users, unlike wheelchair users, will normally have a choice about which part of the bus to sit or stand in.
Common decency and respect for wheelchair users should mean that other passengers make way for them. Passengers are urged to offer cooperation in allowing proper use of the designated wheelchair area.
If the wheelchair space is occupied with a buggy, standing passengers or otherwise full, and there is space elsewhere in the vehicle, the driver will ask that it is made free for a wheelchair user. Where a pushchair or buggy is occupying the space, the driver will ask that it is repositioned, moved to another part of the bus or folded and stored in the luggage space, where available.