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The City of Bevelle
The city of Bevelle.
~ Yuna about the city of Bevelle.
It seems Bevelle still likes to keep its secrets.
~ Paine about the city of Bevelle.
Bevelle (ベベル, Beberu) is a flying city in Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2. The capital of Spira's dogmatic society, it is initially the home of the Yevon religion as well as their own "holy city" and, later, home of the New Yevon party. Being Yuna's place of birth, it remained her home until the day her father, High Summoner Braska, defeated Sin.
In the English localization, Bevelle is pronounced [bəˈvɛɫ].
One thousand years ago, Bevelle was a technological wonder surpassing even the glories of the city-state of Zanarkand. The escalating hostilities between the city-states culminated in a war and Bevelle held the advantage with its machina weapons. Though it developed the mobile weapon Vegnagun, they could not use it as Vegnagun was unable to tell friend from foe. Zanarkand's leader, Yu Yevon, gathered the Zanarkand survivors and turned them into fayth, using them to conjure a dream world parallel of Zanarkand at the height of its glory.
To shield himself and his creation, Yu Yevon clad himself in armor formed from pyreflies, becoming the creature known as Sin. Sin turned on Zanarkand, decimating it, and though Bevelle had thus won the war, Sin remained in Spira, attacking machina cities. Having made a pact with Yu Yevon's daughter, summoner Yunalesca, to safeguard itself, Bevelle established the Order of Yevon to preach Yu Yevon's teachings while secretly continuing to use machina.
Final Fantasy X
10 years ago when his Al Bhed wife was killed by Sin, Braska resolved to become a summoner. Joined by Auron and Jecht as his guardians, Braska embarked on his pilgrimage to Zanarkand, leaving behind a 7-year-old Yuna in Bevelle. Yuna learned of her father's success and that it had claimed his life. She was found by Kimahri Ronso, who had come to take her to Besaid Island to grow up peacefully as a request from a dying Auron of what the girl's father wanted of her.
A decade later, having become a summoner to begin her own pilgrimage, Yuna is abducted from the Al Bhed Home by the Guado and taken to Bevelle to be married to the unsent Seymour Guado. Though Yuna plotted to use the wedding for a chance to send Seymour to the Farplane, her guardians being held at gunpoint force her to comply. When Seymour orders her guardians executed, Yuna threatens to commit suicide. Yuna falls off the palace top while summoning Valefor to break her fall and take her to Bevelle Temple to gain Bahamut. Once her guardians arrive they are arrested.
Yuna is put on trial for killing Seymour in the Macalania Temple. During the mock trial, Yo Mika reveals he is an unsent like Seymour, and that unchanging continuity and rule by the dead in the spiral of death is what Yevon is about. Yuna and her guardians are imprisoned in the Via Purifico. Finding Lulu, Kimahri, and Auron, Yuna duels against Isaaru in a contest of aeons at the dungeon's exit before they meet up with the rest of her guardians and on the Highbridge. Confronted by Seymour who has killed Wen Kinoc and absorbs his pyreflies to become a fiend, they defeat him and escape into the Macalania Woods.
The party visits Zanarkand Ruins and fell the unsent Yunalesca who had remained in the Zanarkand Dome to grant summoners the Final Aeon at the end of their pilgrimage only for Sin to be reborn. The party returns to Bevelle where Yuna reveals she ended the Final Summoning and, seeing no hope for Spira, Mika departs to the Via Infinito rather than see Sin destroy the world. The party asks Shelinda to spread the word of singing the "Hymn of the Fayth" to pacify Sin, and sets out to fight the beast on their airship, the Fahrenheit. During the assault the weakened Sin falls from the sky and crashes on a part of Bevelle.
Final Fantasy X-2
After Sin had been vanquished for good, Bevelle fell into chaos. The Yevonite priesthood fell in the wake of the revelations of its origins, hypocrisy and lies, and disbanded in the face of the theocratic society's breakdown. During this cultural upheaval a former Yevonite named Trema rejuvenated interest in Spira's history in the form of ancient spheres, and many sphere hunting groups sprung up ready to take on the task. New Yevon party was founded but Trema suddenly disappeared with the discovered spheres with their contents never made public, and the leadership fell to a chairman who attempted to get Yuna marry his son to garner public support. The chairman was forced to relinquish leadership to Baralai as he sought to continue Trema's philosophy of gradual adjustment to the new order of the world.
2 years after the start of the Eternal Calm, Yuna returns to Bevelle with Rikku and Paine. While waiting for an audience with the New Yevon praetor, Yuna proposes they leave, and tells the others about how she turned down an arrangement with the chairman's son. Baralai appears and reveals the chairman and his son were kicked out of the New Yevon party. Depending on whether or not the "awesome sphere" from Kilika is given to New Yevon, the Gullwings will either be accepted by the party or declared enemies.
Later, the Gullwings learn from the Leblanc Syndicate of Vegnagun being hidden beneath Bevelle. The two groups jump into the hole in the Chamber of the Fayth, and discover the Bevelle Underground, a complex filled with machina remaining from the Machina War. They find Vegnagun gone, the machina having responded to Nooj's attempt to destroy it by burrowing into the Farplane.
After Baralai disappears, having ended up being possessed by Shuyin while in a private discussion with Nooj and Gippal in the Bevelle Underground, Bevelle falls into turmoil. Isaaru might leave Zanarkand and try to help the New Yevon party get back on its feet and the Gullwings and Kinderguardians can discover a hidden maze-like dungeon called the Via Infinito.
In 3 months' time, New Yevon, Youth League and Machine Faction discuss dissolving, but New Yevon has difficulty moving forward with the change.
Final Fantasy X -WillBevelle is still the capital of Spira and the home of a new governing body known as the Spiran Council. Baralai, now leader of the council, sends Chuami and Kurgum to Besaid to meet with Yuna. The two meet Tidus at the Bevelle Stadium that is under construction, but Chuami notices he's injured and trying to hide it. Later, Chuami and Kurgum return to Bevelle with Yuna and it is discovered Sin has been revived, possibly beckoned to Spira from the Farplane by someone's wish. Yuna delivers a speech to a crowd in a stadium, possibly the one in Bevelle, proclaiming she will defeat Sin once more.
Musical Themes
In Final Fantasy X, "The Wedding" plays during Yuna and Seymour's wedding scene. "Assault" (襲撃, Shūgeki) plays when Yuna's guardians attempt to save her from marrying Seymour. "Believe" (私は飛べる, Watashi wa Toberu?) plays when Yuna jumps off the ledge and summons Valefor. "Hymn of the Fayth - Bahamut" (祈りの歌~バハムート, Inori no Uta ~ Bahamūto) plays in Bevelle Temple's Chamber of the Fayth. "Moment of Truth" (審判の時, Shinpan no Toki) plays when Yuna stands before the court of Maesters in Bevelle.
In Final Fantasy X-2, the theme that plays in Bevelle is "New Yevon". "Bevelle's Secret" (ベベルの秘密, Beberu no Himitsu) and "Under Bevelle" (アンダーベベル, Andā Beberu) play when the Gullwings are uncovering the secrets of the temple's underground complex. "The Temples" plays in the New Yevon Headquarters and the Cloister of Trials.
 - The top of the temple where the wedding scene takes place, is inspired by Balinese shrine of Indonesia.
 - In Bahamut's Chamber of the Fayth in Final Fantasy X, the main symbol on the back of the wall is the symbol for Valefor and Besaid, rather than the one for Bevelle and Bahamut. As it means "nothing", it may be intentional as both Valefor and Bahamut are non-elemental summons. The symbol on Bahamut's seal means "light", but there


text:
Mechanical objects cannot follow Moore's Law. Newtonian physics has been a settled thing for 200 years now and while we can make improvements in materials science, the equations that govern mechanical design have no shortcuts.
A fluid bearing uses a fluid (in physics terms, this means either a liquid or a gas) to absorb the shock of impact and friction. The design of the bearing is dependent on the viscosity and other properties of the fluid. Basically, if you have two parts that should have friction between them, and put a layer of properly designed fluid in between, the friction between those parts becomes the friction between the fluid and the surface instead of the two surfaces.
The archetypal example is a connecting rod and a crankshaft journal:
In a fluidless scenario, the impact of the exploding gas on the piston is transferred down the connecting rod to the crankshaft and the inner diameter of the rod and the outer diameter of the crankshaft rub together, make lots of heat and wear. In a fluid bearing scenario, the impact from combustion is absorbed by the fluid, which has much lower friction than the two metal surfaces, and which is also under constant replacement by the oil pump. This allows the friction heat of the surfaces to be removed from the site.
That was more ELI10 but that's the idea.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
What are the common conventions of navigation, what are uncommon conventions?
We started by splitting the question in two and listing the common conventions of navigation;
- Navigation bar - Links bar.
- Navigation indicator.
- Title or logo link.
- Side bar.
- Photographic links.
- Gridded photographic links - Often found on portfolio websites.
- Side scroll arrow.
- Infinite scroll.
- Drop down menu.
- Search bar.
Next, we listed the uncommon conventions of navigation;
- Interactive link - play to navigate.
- Random page generation - Stumbleupon.
- Navigation bar - Placed at bottom of page.
- Infinite upwards scroll.
- Multi-directional single page scrolling.
- Loading menus/pages.
- Google street view navigation.
After creating our group lists we discussed the different methods of navigation that people had generated. After covering points relating to what makes a websites navigation successful we created a 'Flow diagram' to visually communicate the paths viewers will take when accessing our websites.
Finally, towards the end of the session we drew out the underlying grid structure of our five examples collected for last weeks task. For each site we had to answer the following question;
How do these structures help/hinder the design of the website?
- The structure is very simple, focusing the audiences attention on background image and surrounding links.
- The website is functional and easy to navigate, the links placed at the top of the composition so viewer attention is attracted to them.
- The page is aesthetically pleasing as there is an effective balance between imagery and links.
- Again, the structure is very simple and directs viewer focus to the important date.
- Similar to the first example, this website also places its links across the top of the sites composition.
- The structure creates negative space at either side of the websites elements, this focuses viewer attention on the images and information displayed.
- Furthermore, the structure also centrally places an image browser on the page, this improves the sites functionality as the purpose of the website is to showcase and promote some upmarket villas.
- Minimal aesthetic reflects the style of villa the site is promoting.
- Infinite scroll website.
- Structure creates negative space that focuses the viewers attention on important page elements, this helps the audience navigate the page improving the sites functionality.
- Negative space is key to ensuring the website looks balanced.
- Colours have been used to help viewers distinguish between pages, this is useful as the website utilizes an infinite scroll feature.
- Infinite scroll website.
- Structure helps guide the viewers eye across important page elements, this improves the flow and functionality of the site.
- Different fonts have been used to attract the viewers attention, this also places importance on the key parts of the text to help communicate the sites message instantly.
- The minimal aesthetic focuses the viewer attention on design elements such as the logos, type and imagery.


text:
Bill Reynolds MBE
A recent inquiry from a member of the public brought to my attention an interesting collection item held by the Memorial. It relates to Captain William Roy 'Bill' Reynolds from Victoria, who had served with the Merchant Navy, as well as working for a number of companies through Southeast Asia in the lead up to the Second World War.
The item in question is a piece of timber, cut from a door frame in the building where Bill Reynolds was imprisoned from late November 1943 to early February 1944 by the Japanese. Bill Reynolds was a bit of an adventurer and is probably best known for owning the vessel that became famous in Operation Jaywick as the 'Krait'. Trying to piece together his story is a bit of a challenge, there are many instances of records not existing or being hard to find, or contradicting each other. Extensive research into Bill Reynolds was done by Major Tom Hall, which was then published in the early 1990s by Lynette Ramsay Silver in her books 'Krait : the fishing boat that went to war' and 'The heroes of Rimau : unravelling the mystery of one of World War II's most daring raids'. In previous books about the Krait there was usually only a small amount of information about Reynolds and his activities.
In early 1942, as the Japanese advanced and then took Singapore, Reynolds did extensive work in rescuing evacuees around Malaya, including survivors from vessels attacked by Japanese aircraft. He did this in a vessel called the Kofoku Maru - a Japanese fishing vessel he acquired in Singapore. Before leaving Malaya, Reynolds renamed the vessel Suey Sin Fah and with his Chinese crew, made his way to India, using the insignificant fishing vessel as a disguise to get through Japanese controlled waters.
The Suey Sin Fah was later selected for a mission to clandestinely enter Singapore Harbour to destroy enemy vessels with limpet mines. For this mission the vessel was renamed the Krait, after a thin and innocuous looking, but very poisonous snake. Reynolds was to take part in this mission to Singapore, called 'Operation Jaywick', however due to engine problems the operation was postponed. Bill Reynolds was then employed by American Intelligence and was replaced for Operation Jaywick, which eventually took place, using the Krait, in September 1943. Reynolds accepted a mission to return to Malaya to collect intelligence for the Americans. He planned to purchase a junk and make his way south through Japanese occupied areas to Western Australia, posing as a man who wanted to purchase rubber and quinine.
Reynolds was taken to Malaya in the submarine, USS Tuna, and on the night of 13/14 November 1943 was deposited in a small boat off Laut Island, near Borneo. Unfortunately a few days after his arrival in the area, some villagers revealed Reynold's presence to the Japanese and he was taken prisoner on 18 November. He was held at Kota Bahru for eight days before being moved to Balikpapan on 26 November.
During the months he was imprisoned at Balikpapan Reynolds scratched messages in the door frame of his prison. Due to the nature of his mission he would have known that his capture and fate would probably not be recorded by the Japanese. There would also be few records in Australia or America about his mission. He no doubt also knew the chances of surviving captivity were slim and may have been concerned that his wife and son (William Slevin Reynolds, who was serving in the Royal Australian Navy) would not find out what happened to him. Therefore the messages on the frame are very detailed. He made sure that there was a record of his presence there, as it would likely be the only tangible piece of evidence of what happened to him.
In order for it to be easily noticed, he scratched the image of a slouch hat and the text 'A.I.F. _PHONE_'. The slouch hat is instantly recognisable as an Australian symbol and he used it as such. Reynolds however, did not serve in the AIF during the First World War - he was living in England during the war and served with the Royal Naval Reserve.
Reynolds left details of his full name and address in Williamstown, Victoria. He also listed previous places of employment in Malaya and Borneo. These would help establish who he was, and the inclusion of the address would probably also have been recorded with the hope that someone would contact his family and let them know what had happened to him. Importantly for any war crimes investigators or future researchers, he also left details of where he had been held and for how long.
On 10 February 1944 Reynolds was moved to Surabaya in Java. The date is noted on the door frame and seems to be scratched hurriedly. This is the last piece of information he left. He was held at Surabaya in solitary confinement for six months. On the morning of 8 August 1944 he was among several prisoner executed by the Japanese. Some of the prisoners were killed by decapitation, while the rest were executed by firing squad. Reynolds was one of the latter. His body was buried in an unmarked grave.
The building in Balikpapan was searched by members of 7 Division, AIF in August 1945. They discovered Reynolds messages and cut away the piece of door frame as evidence. It was donated to the War Memorial in 1946.
Reynolds was not the only person held in the small building in Balikpapan. After he was transferred to Surabaya, an unknown prisoner also scratched a message into the door frame, obscuring some of Reynold's writing. It is hard to make out properly, but this message consists of a cross scratched into the frame and the words 'JEZUS PELEPAS PERTJALAH'.
For his activities in rescuing evacuees around Malaya in 1942, Reynolds had been awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) which was promulgated on 17 August 1943 in the London Gazette. The medal was presented to his widow, Brigid Reynolds at Government House in Melbourne Victoria on 13 November 1946 by the Governor General, His Royal Highness The Duke of Gloucester. It is currently on display, along with a model of the Krait, in the Memorial's galleries.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Creating Handdrawn 3D Papercut in Procreate | Brenda Bakker | Skillshare
Creating Handdrawn 3D Papercut in Procreate
Brenda Bakker, ♥ Sharing my skills is sharing my joy ♥
Creating Handdrawn 3D Papercut in Procreate
Brenda Bakker, ♥ Sharing my skills is sharing my joy ♥
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9 Lessons (1h 11m)
 - 1. Intro
 - 2. Importing Brushset and Watercolorpaper Canvas
 - 3. Creating the basic cactus
 - 4. Adding extra's and highlights to the cactus
 - 5. Creating the 3D Paper Cut Effect
 - 6. Extra: Troubleshooting selection
 - 7. Drawing a flower with 2 3D Paper Cuts
 - 8. Valentine with extra difficulties
 - 9. Bonus Class: extra tips an ideas
19 students are watching this class
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About This Class
Hi and welome to my new Skillshare Class on how to Create fun 3D Papercuts in Procreate,
I just love to draw in procreate, but I also love the authentic look of a real painting. So why not combine those two?
In this class I will teach you my way of creating some fun Papercuts made from your own drawings. You can use it with any form or style you prefer. I just used some simple sketches to keep the class short for you just to teach and show you the skills for creating the papercuts. Those cuts you can use to create stickers and use those for your cricut or save as png and save for clip art or digital scapbooking. The possibilities are huge. At the end of the class I will show you on how to remove the watercolorpaper effect only from your background.
I will provide a special watercolorcanvas which is realy important to get a realistic and non digital feel and also I share a very small brushset. You can find them in the class project section. Make sure you are in your browser to download them and not in the skillshare app.
You also will be needing an Ipad with procreate and a pressure sensitive stylus.
So join me in this class and let's have some fun!
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Brenda Bakker
♥ Sharing my skills is sharing my joy ♥
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1. Intro: Yes. Hi there and welcome to my new procreate class. My name is Brenda bunker and I'm from the Netherlands. In this class, I will be teaching you how to create hand-drawn 3D paper, cut him procreate. I'm going to teach you these three examples. We're starting out with the cactus and we're going to make a digital cutouts of your drawing. And the second one is this one. And here we have a two piece cut out on an Android behind. And for the last one will be creating this Valentine card, which is a little bit more difficult because it's like a puzzle. And we are going to combine different styles and using some lettering. And just combine these outline shaped within the frame. So it looks like it's just one piece of the frame. And as a bonus of this class, I will be teaching you how to create stickers with a watercolour paper texture on it about a, with a clear background so you can save them as a PNG. So I, I hope you will be liking this class and let's get started. 2. Importing Brushset and Watercolorpaper Canvas : So the first thing we wanna do is getting the procreate brush set and the procreate watercolor canvas. For that, we have to go through your browser. Don't open the skill share app, but go through your browser, go to your class, go to the project and Resources section. And here you will find the watercolor canvas and dueling brush set for importing it. You have to lick it. You want to download it? Yes, I want to download it near you can see the little arrow here is going to download. And for that part, and you will click on it. And it will import right away to procreate. And you will find it's the first thing in your left upper corner of your gallery. Now we're going to import the brushes for debt. We also going throw your browser. We go into the sketchy dueling brush heads. If you already done that clause, you, it's the same set so you don't have to download it again. And also the same goes for the canvas. Download it, click on it, download it, and it will import. Now, click on it right away. And you will find it here with your downloads sketchy dueling brush yet click on it again. It will import and you will find it with your rachet. Just open any Canvas and on the top of your brush library, you will find the new set. So this is just a small brush it I will be using in this class, but you can make your drawings on any confess you like, and any use, any brushes you like. So it's just something to start out with f and see you in class. 3. Creating the basic cactus : So first of all, I'm going to start out with making a sketch of a cactus in a pot. I want this to be my photos. So it's just a sketch. She don't have to be precise about it. So sketch it here to make it a wobbly kind of cactus, Gaza like that. I don't want him to be precise. Something like here and something on top. And I want to have something here also. And perhaps a little flower. Well, this looks cheerful, Right? So I think my sketches really lets go and draw it for real. So I make this one less visible. Create new layer on top of that, and go to my dry ink brush. Have it in black. And if you already seen my sketchy doodling clause, you know, my way of drawing. And I want my light to come from up here, my shadows from up here. So my darker and my thicker and darker lines in areas will be on the left and on the downside of every stroke I make. So I millennium layer and I'll go into draw about over it. So a thicker line here, line here, a thinner line with less pressure. And a thinner line on this size. Also going to draw here sick, sick sinner. And from this also starting sick going to sin, maybe a little thicker here and a down area because debt will be catching more shed and also a startup thick, thick, thick, lifted the bits marathoner and make it thinner, thick and again. And it looks nice when it's not smooth shape because it's hand-drawn. So if you have hesitations, please let it be. Get readership perfection here. And here are also going to start out with a sick lines thinner, maybe hear a little thicker afterwards, but we'll check on how it works. So sick, thin, thin, thins sick again. And thick, thick, thick centers in SEMS thick. And also with here, I'm going to start sinner. And here more pressure. And this is a simple but thick, thin, sick in thick, thin, thick, thin and thick and thin. I think my drawing is okay like this. So let's get rid of the original sketch. Deleted. I don't need it anymore. And let's go give it some color. And four did, I'm going to choose green, I think a middle green. And I'm going to choose my watercolor scribbled brush and ongoing on a layer underneath this one. Because I want to keep my lines in touch. And I'm going to draw the greening of the characters. And you see when I have more pressure, it gets darker and when I lift my pencil a bit, it's less dark. So make a variety of colors. It's no worries if you go outside the lines because we moved it away later, we can erase that part and wanted to make it a little darker here. And now I am going to smash it and I want to smudge it with the same tool. So I go to Mesh much to leave my pencil on the screen. And now it's directly have the same brush. And not only matching it because you will get rid of all the texture. We don't want to, we want to keep the texture so we go into what I'm doing, just tap and depth. And if the color is too dark and going to smudge in some wide again from outside the lines. That's nothing you can


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Tehilim 136:13 says:
לְגֹזֵר יַם סוּף לִגְזָרִים כִּי לְעוֹלָם חַסְדּוֹ
To Him Who cut the Sea of Reeds asunder, for His kindness is eternal.
Rashi's commentary indicates that this is talking about God cutting twelve paths through the sea, one for each tribe. Does anyone know what Rashi's source in the Midrash is, and where this idea shows up for the first time in the Midrash?
This question was adapted from a Facebook post by DovBear.
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The Sfas Emes brings a medrash that thete was 600000 paths in the yam. – sam Jan 23 '13 at 3:05
Fascinatingly, I once read in a goyishe non-fiction book that there is an American Indian tribe who have a tradition that many generations ago their ancestors were saved by their pursuing enemies by G-D having split a sea into twelve for them to escape through! – Shraga Jan 23 '13 at 21:14
3 Answers 3
Toras Shleimah (15:127*) brings the Midrash of the Yam Suf splitting into 12 lanes for the twelve tribes in the name of two of the "smaller midrashim": Midrash Vayosha (Chapter 12) and Midrash Temurah (Temurah 13).
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Pirkei d'Rebbi Eliezer ch. 42 and Midrash Shocher Tov chapter 114,see also the Rav on Avos 5:3.
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After quoting the Mechilta on Beshalach that says that the Sea was split into parts, HaTorah HaTemimah brings 3 sources that says it was split into 12:
I wasn't able to find where the Midrash Shocher Tov mentions 12. (What I think is) the relevant passage starts on the bottom of this page, but it does not bring a number.
The notes by MaHaR"i HaKohen do mention 12 parts. He says this could be hinted to by the fact that the verse says, "The water was to them as a wall". "to them" appears to be extra, but comes to teach us that each tribe had a wall, hence 12 parts.
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Your Answer


ceiving or claiming any differences among avatars is a cause of eternal damnation. See Madhva's commentary on Katha Upanishad.
Avatars of Krishna[edit]
Krishna is believed to have incarnated as humans in legends.
 1. Swami Chakradhara - the founder of the Vaishnava Mahanubhava sect
 2. Samvaliyaji - Sanwaliya Seth, born in Rajasthan
 3. Daityasudan - the slayer of the demon Lemurasura of Lemur town
Avatars of Ganesha[edit]
The Linga Purana declares that Ganesha incarnates to destroy demons and to help the gods and pious people.[34] The two upapuranas – Ganesha Purana and Mudgala Purana – detail the avatars of Ganesha. Both these upapuranas are core scriptures of the Ganapatya sect – exclusively dedicated to Ganesha worship.
Four avatars of Ganesha are listed in the Ganesha Purana:Mohotkata, Mayūreśvara, Gajanana and Dhumraketu. Each avatar corresponds to a different yuga, has a different mount and different skin complexion, but all the avatars have a common purpose – to slay demons.[35]
The Mudgala Purana describes eight avatars of Ganesha:[36]
 1. Vakratunda (Vakratuṇḍa) ("twisting trunk"), his mount is a lion.
 2. Ekadanta ("single tusk"), his mount is a mouse.
 3. Mahodara ("big belly"), his mount is a mouse.
 4. Gajavaktra (or Gajānana) ("elephant face"), his mount is a mouse.
 5. Lambodara ("pendulous belly"), his mount is a mouse.
 6. Vikata (Vikaṭa) ("unusual form", "misshapen"), his mount is a peacock.
 7. Vighnaraja (Vighnarāja) ("king of obstacles"), his mount is the celestial serpent Śeṣa.
 8. Dhumravarna (Dhūmravarṇa) ("grey color") corresponds to Śiva, his mount is a horse.
Avatars of Shiva[edit]
Sharabha (right) with Narasimha (18th-century painting, Pahari/Kangra School)
Although Puranic scriptures contain occasional references to avatars of Shiva, the idea is not universally accepted in Saivism.[7][37] As an avatar requires residence in a womb, Shiva as ayonija (not of a womb) cannot manifest himself as an avatar. The Linga Purana speaks of twenty-eight forms of Shiva which are sometimes seen as avatars.[38] In the Shiva Purana there is a distinctly Saivite version of a traditional avatar myth: Shiva brings forth Virabhadra, one of his terrifying forms, in order to calm Narasimha, an avatar of Vishnu. When that fails, Shiva manifests as the human-lion-bird Sharabha. The story concludes with Narasimha becoming a devotee of Shiva after being bound by Sharabha.[39] However, Vaishnava followers including Dvaita scholars, such as Vijayindra Tirtha (1539–95) refute this Shaivite view of Narasimha based on their reading of Sattvika Puranas and Śruti texts.[40]
The monkey-god Hanuman who helped Rama – the Vishnu avatar is considered by some to be the eleventh avatar of Rudra (Shiva).[41][42] Some regional deities like Khandoba are also believed by some to be avatars of Shiva.[43][44]
Other stated avatars of Shiva, according to some sources, are 8th century non-dualist Vedanta philosopher (Advaita Vedanta) Adi Shankara. He was named "Shankara" after Lord Shiva and is considered by some to have been an incarnation of the god[45] and Virabhadra who was born when Shiva grabbed a lock of his matted hair and dashed it to the ground. Virabhadra then destroyed Daksha's yajna (fire sacrifice) and severed his head as per Shiva's instructions.[46]
In Dasam Granth, Guru Gobind Singh have mentioned two avatars of Rudra: Dattatreya Avatar and Parasnath Avatar.[47]
Avatars of Devi[edit]
A 17th-century painting depicting Hanuman worshiping Rama and his wife Sita. Lakshmana is also seen in this painting from Smithsonian Institution collection. Rama is considered the avatar of Vishnu, Sita of Vishnu's consort Lakshmi, Lakshmana of Shesha – the serpent on whom Vishnu sleeps, and Hanuman is believed to be an avatar of Shiva.
Avatars are also observed in Shaktism, the sect dedicated to the worship of the Goddess (Devi), but they do not have universal acceptance in the sect. The Devi Bhagavata Purana describes the descent of Devi avatars to punish the wicked and defend the righteous—much as the Bhagavata Purana does with the avatars of Vishnu.[48] Like Vishnu, his consort Lakshmi incarnates as Sita and Radha – the consorts of Rama and Krishna avatars.[49] Nilakantha, an 18th-century commentator on the Devi Bhagavata Purana – which includes the Devi Gita – says that various avatars of the Goddess includes Shakambhari and even the masculine Krishna and Rama – generally thought to be Vishnu's avatars.[50] Lakshmi and Saraswati are also goddesses worshipped as Devi avatars.[51]
Avatars of Brahma[edit]
In Dasam Granth, second scriptures of Sikhs written by Guru Gobind Singh, mentioned seven Brahma Avatars.[52]
 1. Valmiki Avatar
 2. Kashyap Avatar
 3. Sukra Avatar
 4. Baches Avatar
 5. Vyas Avatar
 6. Khat Rishi Avatar
 7. Kalidas Avatar
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c d Matchett, Freda (2001). Krishna, Lord or Avatara?: the relationship between Krishna and Vishnu. 9780700712816. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-7007-1281-6.
 2. ^ Introduction to World Religions, by Christopher Hugh Partridge, pg. 148, at Books.Google.com
 3. ^ Vivekjivandas, Sadhu. Hinduism: An Introduction – Part 1. (Swaminarayan Aksharpith: Ahmedabad, 2010) p. 33. ISBN 978-81-7526-433-5
 4. ^ Vivekjivandas, Sadhu. Hinduism: An Introduction – Part 1. (Swaminarayan Aksharpith: Ahmedabad, 2010) p. 33–36. ISBN 978-81-7526-433-5
 5. ^ a b Kinsley, David (2005). Lindsay Jones, ed. Gale's Encyclopedia of Religion 2 (Second ed.). Thomson Gale. pp. 707–708. ISBN 0-02-865735-7.
 6. ^ a b Bryant, Edwin Francis (2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press US. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-19-514891-6.
 7. ^ a b c Sheth, Noel (Jan 2002). "Hindu Avatāra and Christian Incarnation: A Comparison". Philosophy East and West (University of Hawai'i Press) 52 (1 (Jan. 2002)): 98–125. doi:10.1353/pew.2002.0005. JSTOR _PHONE_.
 8. ^ Hawley, John Stratton; Vasudha Narayanan (2006). The life of Hinduism. University of California Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-520-24914-1.
 9. ^ a b Page 792, Line 7, Bhagat Kabir
 10. ^ a b Dasam Granth Sahib
 11. ^ Sheth, p. 116.
 12. ^ Sheth, pp. 98, 116.
 13. ^ Mercy Amba Oduyoye, H. M. Vroom, One gospel – many cultures: case studies and reflections on cross-cultural theology, Rodopi, 2003, ISBN 978-90-_PHONE_-7, p. 111.
 14. ^ Sheth, p. 108.
 15. ^ Page 1037, Line 5, Guru Nanak
 17. ^ a b Mishra, Vibhuti Bhushan (1973). Religious beliefs and


text:
BlueFolder has built-in support for tracking equipment owned by your customers. You can customize the fields that are part of equipment records.
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The following fields can be customized:
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text:
P.A.C.E. is the Memorial School's parent organization. Through the diligent and effective work of parents, this organization raises thousands of dollars through family donations and fund raising. The money goes to support enrichment programs in the arts, science, and math.
The primary mission of P.A.C.E. is to raise funds for projects, programs, speakers or equipment that will enrich students' educational experience, promote excellence or provide informational resources to their parents. We strive to provide parents and community members with opportunities to utilize their time and talents as Memorial School volunteers. We aim to foster a positive working relationship among students, parents, and school personnel. We strive to conduct research, surveys or evaluation on issues of concern.
Our objective is to fund and support the following programs through donations and fundraising:
1. Field Trips – we fund 100% of the field trips for each class during the year
2. Enrichment Programs – we are funding 2 enrichment programs seen by the entire school.
3. Events/Family Nights - Kindergarten Social, Family Dance, Talent Show, Book Fairs, BINGO Nights, and Science Fair
4. Supplemental Educational Enrichment Donation (S.E.E.D.) - mini-grants available to teachers for enrichment of individual classroom curriculums.
2018-19 P.A.C.E. OFFICERS
Please feel free to contact any of the following officers with any questions throughout the year:
Anne Sullivan, President _EMAIL_
Sara Al-Haza, Vice President _EMAIL_
Amanda Lind, Treasurer _EMAIL_
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text:
Press Release 08-129 - Video MIT scientists explain how they discovered a catalyst that produces oxygen gas from water.
MIT's Matthew W. Kanan and Daniel G. Nocera explain how they recently discovered a catalyst that produces oxygen gas from water. Deposited on a conducting glass electrode, the catalyst made from the earth-abundant materials cobalt and phosphate produces oxygen gas from neutral pH water using a relatively low potential at room temperature and pressure. Although the catalytic reaction is not yet fully understood, its discovery moves the center one step closer to reaching its goal of using the sun's energy and water as a renewable energy source. The entire video is available at _URL_
Credit: Stephen E. Lyons, Chemical Explorers, Moreno/Lyons Productions


points 1 and 2. But all three are true.
It may be true that switching horses in midstream here would be asking for significant breakage, and that there could be more problems created by changing Python to intuitively handle Stefano's opening snippet. And it may be true that someone who knew Python internals well could explain a minefield of consequences. However,
The existing behavior is not Pythonic, and Python is successful because very little about the language violates the principle of least astonishment anywhere near this badly. It is a real problem, whether or not it would be wise to uproot it. It is a design flaw. If you understand the language much better by trying to trace out the behavior, I can say that C++ does all of this and more; you learn a lot by navigating, for instance, subtle pointer errors. But this is not Pythonic: people who care about Python enough to persevere in the face of this behavior are people who are drawn to the language because Python has far fewer surprises than other language. Dabblers and the curious become Pythonistas when they are astonished at how little time it takes to get something working--not because of a design fl--I mean, hidden logic puzzle--that cuts against the intuitions of programmers who are drawn to Python because it Just Works.
share|improve this answer
-1 Although a defensible perspective, this not an answer, and I disagree with it. Too many special exceptions beget their own corner cases. – Marcin Jul 7 '12 at 19:24
"The existing behavior is not Pythonic" is an amazingly ignorant thing to say about something so fundamental to Python, and betrays a woeful under-appreciation of its object model. – Matthew Trevor Dec 27 '12 at 10:13
So then, it is "amazingly ignorant" to say that in Python it would make more sense for a default argument of [] to remain [] every time the function is called? – JonathanHayward Dec 27 '12 at 22:09
And it is ignorant to consider as an unfortunate idiom setting a default argument to None, and then in the body of the body of the function setting if argument == None: argument = []? Is it ignorant to consider this idiom unfortunate as often people want what a naive newcomer would expect, that if you assign f(argument = []), argument will automatically default to a value of []? – JonathanHayward Dec 27 '12 at 22:11
But in Python, part of the spirit of the language is that you don't have to take too many deep dives; array.sort() works, and works regardless of how little you understand about sorting, big-O, and constants. The beauty of Python in the array sorting mechanism, to give one of innumerable examples, is that you are not required to take a deep dive into internals. And to say it differently, the beauty of Python is that one is not ordinarily required to take a deep dive into implementation to get something that Just Works. And there is a workaround (...if argument == None: argument = []), FAIL. – JonathanHayward Dec 27 '12 at 22:41
This "bug" gave me a lot of overtime work hours! But I'm beginning to see a potential use of it (but I would have liked it to be at the execution time, still)
I'm gonna give you what I see as a useful example.
def example(errors=[]):
 # statements
 # Something went wrong
 mistake = True
 if mistake:
 # Didn't work.. let's try again
 # This time it worked
 return errors
def tryToFixIt(err):
 err.append('Attempt to fix it')
def tryToFixItAnotherway(err):
 err.append('Attempt to fix it by another way')
def main():
 for item in range(2):
 errors = example()
 print '\n'.join(errors)
prints the following
Attempt to fix it
Attempt to fix it by another way
Attempt to fix it
Attempt to fix it by another way
share|improve this answer
>>> def a():
>>> print "a executed"
>>> return []
>>> x =a()
a executed
>>> def b(m=[]):
>>> m.append(5)
>>> print m
>>> b(x)
>>> b(x)
[5, 5]
share|improve this answer
_USER_ lack of explanation what's going on? – Tshepang Feb 24 '13 at 13:20
When we do this:
def foo(a=[]):
... we assign the argument a to an unnamed list, if the caller does not pass the value of a.
To make things simpler for this discussion, let's temporarily give the unnamed list a name. How about pavlo?
def foo(a=pavlo):
At any time, if the caller doesn't tell us what a is, we reuse pavlo.
If pavlo is mutable (modifiable), and foo ends up modifying it, an effect we notice the next time foo is called without specifying a.
So this is what you see (Remember, pavlo is initialized to []):
 >>> foo()
Now, pavlo is [5].
Calling foo() again modifies pavlo again:
>>> foo()
[5, 5]
Specifying a when calling foo() ensures pavlo is not touched.
>>> ivan = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> foo(a=ivan)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> ivan
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
So, pavlo is still [5, 5].
>>> foo()
[5, 5, 5]
share|improve this answer
I think the answer to this question lies in how python pass data to parameter (pass by value or by reference), not mutability or how python handle the "def" statement.
A brief introduction. First, there are two type of data types in python, one is simple elementary data type, like numbers, and another data type is objects. Second, when passing data to parameters, python pass elementary data type by value, i.e., make a local copy of the value to a local variable, but pass object by reference, i.e., pointers to the object.
Admitting the above two points, let's explain what happened to the python code. It's only because of passing by reference for objects, but has nothing to do with mutable/immutable, or arguably the fact that "def" statement is executed only once when it is defined.
[] is an object, so python pass the reference of [] to a, i.e., a is only a pointer to [] which lies in memory as an object. There is only one copy of [] with, however, many references to it. For the first foo(), the list [] is changed to 1 by append method. But Note that there is only one copy of the list object and this object now becomes 1. When running the second foo(), what effbot webpage says (items is not evaluated any more) is wrong. a is evaluated to be the list object, although now the content of the object is 1. This is the effect of passing by reference! The result of foo(3) can be easily derived in the same way.
To further validate my answer, let's take a look at two additional codes.
====== No. 2 ========
def foo(x, items=None):
 if items is None:
 items = []
 return items
foo(1) _TAG_ [1]
foo(2) _TAG_ [2]
foo(3) _TAG_ [3]
[] is an object, so is None (the former is mutable while the latter is immutable. But the mutability has nothing to do with the question). None is somewhere in the space but we know it's there and there is only one copy of None there. So every time foo is invoked, items is evaluated (as opposed to some answer that it is only evaluated once) to be None, to be clear, the reference (or the address) of None. Then in the foo, item is changed to [], i.e., points to another object which has a different address.
====== No. 3 =======
def foo(x, items=[]):
 return items
foo(1) # returns [1]
foo(2,[]) # returns [2]
foo(3) # returns [1,3]
The invocation of foo(1) make items point to a list object [] with an address, say, _PHONE_. the content of the list is changed to 1 in the foo function in the sequel, but the address is not changed, still _PHONE_. Then foo(2,[]) is coming. Although the [] in foo(2,[]) has the same content as the default parameter [] when calling foo(1), their address are different! Since we provide the parameter explicitly, items has to take the address of this new [], say _PHONE_, and return it after making some change. Now foo(3) is executed. since only x is provided, items has to take its default value again. What's the default value? It is set when defining the foo function: the list object located in _PHONE_. So the items is evaluated to be the address _PHONE_ having an element 1. The list located at _PHONE_ also contains one element 2, but it is not pointed by items any more. Consequently, An append of 3 will make


Climate Change: Prepare for More Flooding in Eastern Canada
Gatineau flood-aerial02
Gatineau spring 2017 flood
Major spring floods impacted communities in Eastern Canada recently, as historic flooding caused widespread damage and evacuations, with some fatalities. Many who live within the Lake Ontario, Ottawa and St. Lawrence drainage systems were affected. A joint Canada-US board warns of more to come.
Gatineau residents walk their dog
Heavy rains and melting snowpack flooded over 2,000 homes in Quebec. The St. Lawrence River spilled its banks to historic levels, flooding Montreal and Trois-Rivieres and its surrounding areas. Some of the heaviest flooding occurred in the Ottawa River in Gatineau. The Ottawa River at Gatineau rose several metres above normal levels, reaching record levels and flooding hundreds of homes. Levels in Lake Ontario hit record highs in April. April was one of the top three wettest Aprils on record since 1900, in terms of flowing into Lake Ontario.
"A record-setting snowstorm in late March probably added to the flooding," writes Sean Gordon of the Globe and Mail. "Combined with a heavier snow pack and mostly cool April temperatures, the spring melt in Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec has taken longer than in a typical year. With rivers and streams already surging with melted snow and overflowing water tables saturating the ground, it doesn't take much rain to cause mayhem. And there's been lots and lots of rain."
Pierrefonds-Roxboro flood2017
Rescuers in Pierrefonds, Quebec
Elsewhere in Canada, in New Brunswick Atlantic Canada, the St John River spilled its banks after 150 millimetres of rain fell in a 36-hour downpour. British Columbia, on the other side of the country, has recently suffered flooding and mudslides.
"While I know that individual weather events can vary," says Alex Tetreault of the National Observer, "there's no denying that these sorts of events are becoming more frequent because of our changing climate."
Climate Change Increases Extreme Weather Events
Scientists agree that extreme weather resulting in flooding will become more frequent in some regions as climate change accelerates. While we normally view and report climate change on a global and decades scale, it is experienced on a local and day-to-day scale through weather patterns and events.
"We've changed the chemistry of the atmosphere and the oceans with our greenhouse gases," says climate scientist Paul Beckwith at the University of Ottawa. While these large scale changes are reflected in globally increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperatures, their effects express regionally in unique ways–which is why some feel increased temperatures and drought, while others experience increased torrential rain. This is no paradox; this is weather.
Climate Change Is About Water
Because climate is essentially a water-driven phenomenon, we see the most obvious
impacts of climate change in water events: torrential rainfall; hurricanes; tornadoes; melting polar ice or permafrost; sea level rise and ocean acidification; atmospheric rivers and associated deluges; the great oceanic current; drought, wind storms and heat.
Given that much of our Great Lakes and St. Lawrence waters are shared with our southern neighbour, it was disconcerting that a Trump administration budget proposal suggested completely defunding the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, which cleans industrial pollution in the lakes—leaving all the cleanup to Canada. The funding was saved in the latest US budget bill—at least for now.
When US Regulators Turn Into Lobbyists
It is rather alarming and disheartening that the US EPA—comprised of intelligent scientists whose central mission is to protect US and joint Canadian-US waters (such as the Great Lakes) is now administered by a pro-industry (pro-deregulation) climate denier (Scott Pruitt), whose first step once in office was to remove key regulations aimed at limiting emissions that cause global warming and reducing pollution in US rivers, streams and wetlands.
Pruitt currently "regulates" the very companies with whom he previously collaborated; companies that had lobbied against regulations that required upgrading or removal of outmoded and highly polluting coal-powered power plants, control of methane emissions, limitation of smog-causing chemicals and use of hydraulic fracturing. The US Environment Protection Agency has also removed a climate change section from its website "to reflect EPA's priorities under … President Trump and Administrator Pruitt."
And we know what that priority and vision is.
The Canadian Vision
Meantime, (while America appears preoccupied in a shortsighted pursuit of money for a few) in Canada, Environment Minister Catherine McKenna advises that Canadian firms prepare for how they will cope with the effects of climate change, including more unpredictable and extreme weather events.
Flooded homes in Rigaud, Quebec
Beckwith joins other Canadian scientists in urging municipalities to upgrade their infrastructure to improve drainage, including a city's storm water management system. "It's just a matter of time before [flooding] happens to just about every city the way climate change is accelerating," warns Beckwith. Given that many cities are located on a floodplain, I'd bet on that prediction.
To find out what some Canadian municipalities and individuals are doing, see my articles on storm water runoff and management:
Calming Unruly Urban Waters
Tasking Citizens to Manage their Storm Water Runoff
What Watershed Do You Live In? And Why Should You Care?
Why Stormwater Fees Are Necessary
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text:
What Can I Put in My Curbside Recycling Container?
Download the full Salt Lake City curbside services brochure.
Maintaining a robust recycling program is a core function of Salt Lake City's Sustainability Department. However, in 2018, the recycling world was shaken up by changes announced by China, which has affected recycling facilities worldwide. This includes local Utah processors used by Salt Lake City (read more on the SLCgreen blog).
The principles of 1) Reduce 2) Reuse and then 3) Recycle are more important than ever.
What materials can be recycled in your curbside recycling?
Please help us by only putting the correct items in your blue container. The following restrictions are now in effect for Salt Lake City curbside bins:
- Please do not put plastic bags, films, or wraps of any kind in the blue container. (Learn more)
- Do not enclose recyclables in plastic bags or kitchen bin liners (i.e. do not "bag your recyclables.") This will prevent your items from being recycled.
- No expanded polystyrene ("Styrofoam")
- No shredded paper.
- Newspaper and newspaper inserts
- Cardboard boxes, shoe boxes, cereal boxes, paper tubes
- Magazines and phone books
- Aluminum cans
- Steel (tin) food cans
- Plastic containers (like milk jugs, plastic bottles, plastic cups, yogurt containers, etc)
- Junk mail, office paper, envelopes
- Aerosol cans – please make sure they are drained by turning them upside down and releasing the pressure.
- Glass (Sign up for curbside glass recycling or take yours to a community drop-off location.)
- Food, food residue, or food wrappings – empty all food and food residue from containers
- Napkins, paper towels, toilet paper, paper plates
- Aseptic cartons (these are shelf-stable cartons. Some are known as "TetraPaks")
- Electronics, computers, small appliances
- Yard waste
- Toys, garden hoses, plastic swimming pools
- Home improvement/construction materials
- Plastic bags (learn why here)
- Shredded paper
Recycling by the Numbers


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a function of 4 variables: (distance function)
$d(x,x_1,y,y_1 )=(x-x_1 )^2+(y-y_1 )^2$
subject to 2 constraints:
1. $g(x,x_1,y,y_1 )=ax^2+2hxy+2gx+by^2+2fy+c=0$
2. $h(x,x_1,y,y_1 )= a_1 x_1^2+2h_1 x_1 y_1+2g_1 x_1+b_1 y_1^2+2f_1 y_1+c_1=0$
Using lagrange multipliers, and partial differentiation, what should be the values of $x,x_1,y,y_1$ in terms of $a,b,c,a_1,b_1,c_1,f,g,h,f_1,g_1,h_1$, with aforementioned constraints?
share|improve this question
Have you tried writing down the gradients of all functions involved and coming up with an equation for the Lagrange multipliers? – Alex R. Sep 9 '12 at 1:01
Yes I have tried and I have come up with equations. That was the easy part actually, the hard part is to find values of x,x1,y,y1, with which I'm struggling up to now. – David Hoffman Sep 9 '12 at 20:49
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Let $\nabla F= \langle \partial_x F, \partial_{x_1} F, \partial_y F, \partial_{y_1} F \rangle$. The method of Lagrange in this case requires the introduction of two multipliers. We should solve:
$$ \nabla d = \lambda_1\nabla g+ \lambda_2\nabla h $$
subject to constraints 1 and 2 as listed in your post.
The reason for this is as follows: if an extrema exists then curves $t \mapsto \alpha(t) $ which pass through the extremal point must make $\eta=d \circ \alpha$ extreme at the corresponding point in the domain. Suppose $t=0$ gives $\alpha(0)$ the extremal point (we can shift the parameter to make this happen, nothing is lost in this convenience).
The curve $\alpha$ lies on the intersection of the level sets given by 1 and 2. We have
$$ g (\alpha(t)) =0 \qquad h( \alpha(t))=0 $$
The chain-rule yields
$$ \nabla g (\alpha(t)) \cdot \alpha'(t)=0 \qquad \nabla h (\alpha(t)) \cdot \alpha'(t)=0 $$
Likewise, since $\eta$ is extremal at $t=0$ the chain rule gives
$$ \nabla d (\alpha(0)) \cdot \alpha'(0)=0 $$
Summarizing, the tangent vector field $\alpha'$ is orthogonal to the gradient fields of $g$ and $h$ where they can be compared and at $\alpha(0)$ the tangent $\alpha'(0)$ is orthogonal to $\nabla d$. The point $\alpha(0)$ is special in that we obtain orthogonality with respect to $\nabla d, \nabla g$ and $\nabla h$.
At first glance this would not appear to connect $\nabla d, \nabla g$ and $\nabla h$ in any particular way. However, there is not just one curve on the constraint surface. Provided the constraints 1. and 2. are nondegenerate the level set they define is two-dimensional and there will be a two-dimensional plane of tangent vectors which are found orthogonal to $\nabla d, \nabla g$ and $\nabla h$. But, this means that $\nabla d, \nabla g$ and $\nabla h$ are linearly dependent since $\mathbb{R}^4$ should be the direct sum of the tangent and normal space. For these reasons we introduce multipliers to ascertain the location of the max/min solution.
Notice the method is based on the existence of extreme solutions. For the continuous function $d$ these are known to exist if the constraint is a compact surface. Sometimes the method still "works" for non-compact constraints, but beware the limit of the method.
share|improve this answer
I'm sorry but I can't really understand what you wrote, this math is too advanced for me. Would it be possible to explain this at a high-school level? If not, I will be absolutely ok with it. I just need to know whether a high school student is able to solve this. Thanks. – David Hoffman Sep 9 '12 at 20:43
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Secondary Schools Learning Zone
Birmingham Grid for Learning.
This web is used in the city's schools and contains learning activities for pupils in KS3 and KS4. These learning activities are all safe for young people to use and are approved by Birmingham teachers.
Go to the Secondary Learning Zone.
For students aged 11 to 16 the Secondary area is here to help you with your studies. Whether you need support with your GCSEs, help with revision or even career choices there is something here for everyone. If you need help with your Science 'Ask the Expert' or if you're feeling creative then check out the Music Centre and the Gallery!


text:
An anthology of words and illustrations that explore themes and narratives in response to climate change.
George says about Entangling:
The book has over 180 pages of Illustration and writing, and is the culmination of around three years work. It is an exploration of ideas around climate change, and our connection to nature. Research and field trips to the USA and Europe have contributed to the development of ideas and imagery around this theme, and the project has evolved organically. The final outcome is a 200 page collection of imagery and words, intended to encourage thought and contemplation about our interaction with nature and the environment
Litho printed on Munken Polar White 150gsm paper, cloth bound in ultramarine blue with white foil blocked cover.


text:
Our soil sprouts are grown in certified organic soil and are grown in shallow trays in our greenhouse. They are grown for 2 to 3 weeks and then harvested, washed, and packaged for market.
Soil sprouts are delicious raw and each has its own distinctive taste. Pea shoots can also be cooked. Sprouting releases the energy contained within the seed and makes it available for digestion. The plants are harvested young to maximize the nutrients available per sprout and keep the shoots tender. Each sprout is different, however each contains a multitude of vitamins and minerals. One sprout can contain more nutrients than the entire mature plant!


text:
Release Notes: Text output routines have been implemented for all three regions of the screen. These routines include the XY to offset conversions and text justification routines. The splash screen has been implemented, along with the routine to fill the screen with the wallpaper. A better rand() routine has also been put into place using the R register. Task switching is still untested, but implemented.
Release Notes: Basic setup of the cpu and hardware are done. Some utility functions such as memset, clearscreen, and sleep are implemented. Task switching is still unimplemented, but designed.


text:
Certificat de formation à la sécurité
The Certificat de formation à la sécurité (CFS) (in English Safety training certificate) is the French national degree required to be flight attendant in France. It replaces the Certificat de Sécurité Sauvetage (CSS) since the 16th of July 2008. It consists of a theoretical and a practical part, each of them contains teaching in aviation safety and first aid.
References[change | change source]


Ingram & Associates Counseling & Consulting, Inc.
Call Ingram & AssociatesLet's Talk! _PHONE_
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How contagious is your mood?
August 14, 2017
The July 17, 2017 FIU Center for Leadership News asks; "Just how contagious is your good mood?" Basically it relates the results of an experiment by Facebook wherein temporary changes to the newsfeeds of 689,000 users omitted negative emotional words and replaced with more positive ones.
The results were that the user's posts mirrored the more positive words with their own.
Though this article centers around people in leadership positions, I believe it can also be useful for others in relationships; parents, spouses, friends.
As the article states, being around negative coworkers zaps us of our energy because we "…have to mentally fight being dragged down with them." The same is true of being around anyone who is negative…or being the negative person in the lives of others. True, there are times to be assertive and judiciously convey negative emotions; choosing the best time and the best way to do so. That being said, however, negative emotions narrow your mind and focus your thoughts creating a barrier in your brain to better options and healthier choices.
Most often we need to hear positivity and encouragement. The world is filled with critical, judgmental, finger-pointing words. Those are not hard to find. The challenge is to be and be around those who tout positivity and words of affirmation. Our brain is wired to see possibilities in life when we are experiencing positive emotions such as joy, contentment and love. The even bigger benefit is that positive emotions provide an enhanced ability to build skills and develop resources for use later in life.
So, how do you get yourself into the habit of being positive? Anything that creates those feelings of joy, love, contentment will do the trick. A few ideas to consider are, meditation, writing, music, play or fun.
Find ways to build happiness and positive emotions into your life and it has what is called the 'broaden and build" effect. You experience a positive emotion now and it supports positive behaviors that can last for a lifetime. (Better mood levels, fewer visits to health clinics and fewer illnesses)
About the Author


An at-home device set to shake up the skincare industry
Introducing Plabeau G4+, Australia's very first at-home cold plasma device. Harness the power of ground-breaking plasma technology for skin wellness, anti-ageing, ingredient penetration and skin purification.
What is plasma?
Back in science class we were taught about the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Now, think of water in three phases: ice, liquid and steam. The particles in a solid ice cube are close together and highly attracted to each other so the ice stays in one piece. As the solid ice is gradually heated the attraction between the particles is reduced and the ice becomes liquid water. If this water is then heated even more, the particles of water are turned into gas (steam) where they are free to dart about in the air as vapor particles. The less attraction between particles, the higher the energy they contain.
Well, did you know that there is a fourth state of matter, plasma?
Plasma is hot ionized gas and is made up of highly energized charged gas particles. The universe is made up of 99% plasma. It has to be generated by very high temperatures in the atmosphere – over 100,000 degrees Celsius in fact! Lightning is an example of plasma gas being produced naturally when high temperatures create charged particles of air, then these charged gases travel from the sky to the ground as intense light. Interesting stuff, isn't it?
Plasma and treatments:
1. Hot plasma in cosmetic skin science
Plasma has been harnessed by science into ground-breaking medical technology for treating infection and wounds. Today, it has also become a part of the anti-aging and skin wellness industry. There are now new clinical treatments that utilize hot plasma to tighten skin, increase collagen production and remove fine lines and wrinkles. Hot plasma treatments are performed at extremely high temperatures and whilst the results are measurable, it is very painful with a long recovery period.
2. Cold plasma in cosmetic skin science
Enter: the new realm of cold plasma home treatments. Plabeau G4+ utilizes nanopulse cold plasma technology that involves applying electrical energy through a conducting plate to charge the particles of air between the skin surface and the plate at normal room temperature, with no direct heat needed. These charged particles create a number of wound healing and other visible skin benefits. The great news is there is no pain involved, and the treatment can be performed in only a few minutes morning and night.
How can it improve the skin?
 1. Reducing harmful microbes that can lead to skin inflammation and infection
 Plasma treatment is used to treat skin ulcers and bed sores in hospitals where the infection has become resistant to most common antibiotics. This is a breakthrough in the medical industry where multiply resistant bacteria are a problem. The sterilization of skin is painless and leaves healthy skin intact.*
 A single 2-minute treatment of cold atmospheric plasma was shown to be safe, painless and effective, decreasing 40% of bacterial load in plasma-treated wounds, regardless of the species of bacteria and without any noted side effects.
 2. Treating dermatitis and acne
 By directly reducing the P. acnes bacteria in the pores.
 3. Anti-aging and skin regeneration
 Plasma directly improves blood flow so the skin cells receive more nutrition. Plasma increases the activity of the fibroblasts to make more collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid. Data has shown over 25% improvement in lines around the eyes after six weeks.
 4. Increasing active ingredient penetration from serums into the target cells of the skin
 Plasma is widely used in medicine for enhanced drug delivery. As the skin is charged with high amounts of energy through plasma, the skin becomes more absorbent to water. This means that water soluble substances are more likely to be attracted and absorbed through the skin, and penetration of molecules such as vitamin B, vitamin C, many peptides and other water-soluble cosmeceuticals will be more effective. Studies have shown a 41% increase in the amount of water-soluble nutrients absorbed after 10 minutes of using cold plasma.
What ingredients does it pair with?
Use Plabeau G4+ morning and night on a clean face, after thorough cleansing.
Immediately after, follow with Dermiotic, our pre-serum elixir enriched with pre and probiotics. As plasma removes bacteria from the skin's surface, adding prebiotics and probiotics will rebalance and restore the bacteria living on the surface of the skin to maintain the health and immune function of the skin surface.
Then, follow with your regular serums and moisturizers such as Vitamin B serum (niacinamide is an essential cosmeceutical for a strong skin barrier), SupremaC+ (vitamin C in the form of L Ascorbic acid or ethyl ascorbic acid is a fantastic antioxidant for healthy skin), or any other water-soluble actives and peptide serums such as SuperSerum+ to target:
 - Anti-aging
 - Pigmentation
 - Acne
 - Redness and irritation
 - Dryness
Cold plasma is truly innovative technology that enables effective skin treatment to be brought into the home for daily use. There is no skin type or condition that will not benefit from cold plasma therapy in creating healthier more youthful skin.
*Citation: Heinlin et al, "Plasma medicine: possible applications in dermatology" Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany, May 2010


Introduction of xenophobia and citizenship: the everyday politics of exclusion and inclusion in Africa
Recent literature on the continent has focused attention on the increasing number of forms of belonging using different labels: autochthony, nativism, indigeneity, ethnicity, and in some cases xenophobia. The latter term generally refers to discourses and practices that are discriminatory towards foreign nationals, but Wimmer (1997) also sheds light on the existence of deeper political struggles for the collective goods of the state and the building of structures of legitimacy in accessing those goods. In many instances, those structures are based on collective identities and real or fantasized notions of national community (Wimmer 1997: 32). In the African contexts, decolonization struggles have specifically shaped the type of nation-building enterprises that have emerged in the postcolonial period (Chipkin 2007). Taking into consideration both this broader theoretical dimension and the specific historical trajectories of nationalist discourses in the African contexts, our understanding of xenophobia as discussed in this issue consists of the systematic situated (in one institution) or cross-cutting construction that sees strangers as a threat to society, justifying their exclusion and, at times, their suppression.
Read here: Introduction of xenophobia and citizenship: The everyday politics of exclusion and inclusion in Africa
Authors: Laurent Fourchard, Aurelia Segatti
Share your thoughts


Question by Scooby (12)
How do you get rid of mold in the walls of a camper?
Answer by bunkerhill (825)
If the walls or white, beige or yellow I would use bleach. If the walls are a dark color dillute the bleach with water.
Answer by kazmooth (197)
Get rid of mold by carefully spraying a mixture of water and bleach onto the walls of your camper, then scrub it off, rinse with hot water and let dry.
Answer by Christian9247 (5042)
Best way to get rid of mold is to use hot water and bleach. Scrub off the mold with the bleach and then wash the area with hot water.
Answer by McCheese (1248)
The best thing to do is fill up a spray bottle with 9 parts water and 1 part bleach. Spray the wall, let it set for 15 minutes, then wipe.
Answer by bb (674)
sometimes you can use soap and water to get the mold off. mold is an indication that there is moisture present.
Answer by diva25 (4016)
Try scrubbing the walls with a bleach and water mix. Just be careful not to get the bleach anywhere, but on the wall. If this does not work the first time you can try it as often as you like.
You have 50 words left!


text:
"צַו אֶת אַהֲרֹן וְאֶת בָּנָיו לֵאמֹר זֹאת תּוֹרַת הָעֹלָה הִוא הָעֹלָה עַל מוֹקְדָה עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כָּל הַלַּיְלָה עַד הַבֹּקֶר וְאֵשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ תּוּקַד בּוֹ"
"Command Aaron and his sons, 'This is the law (Torah) of the burnt offering: The burnt offering is to remain on the hearth of the altar all night, until morning, and the fire must be kept burning on the altar."
'on the hearth of the altar' is the aspect of the river Dinur that is a river of fire in heavens where the souls get purified.
The Altar serves as a tool to remove the Klipot, and the fire is kept burning all night to subdue the power of the Klipot so they won't harm us.
1 Kings 19:11
"וַיֹּאמֶר, צֵא וְעָמַדְתָּ בָהָר לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, וְהִנֵּה יְהוָה עֹבֵר וְרוּחַ גְּדוֹלָה וְחָזָק מְפָרֵק הָרִים וּמְשַׁבֵּר סְלָעִים לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, לֹא בָרוּחַ יְהוָה; וְאַחַר הָרוּחַ רַעַשׁ, לֹא בָרַעַשׁ יְהוָה."
"So He said, "Go forth and stand on the mountain before YHVH." And behold, YHVH was passing by! And a great and strong wind was rending the mountains and breaking in pieces the rocks before YHVH, but YHVH was not in the wind. And after the wind a great rumbling sound, but YHVH was not in the noise."
God (YHVH) revealed himself to Elijah the prophet. The 'Great and strong wind' surrounded YHVH but YHVH was not in the wind. After the wind, there was a great rumbling sound, but YHVH was not in it.
The strong wind and the rumbling sound surrounded YHVH like a 'shell' covering the brain.
Similarly, Ezekiel describes the revelation of God in Ezekiel 3:12
"וַתִּשָּׂאֵנִי רוּחַ–וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי, קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל: בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד-יְהוָה, מִמְּקוֹמוֹ."
"Then the Wind lifted me up, and I heard a great rumbling sound behind me, "Blessed be the glory of YHVH in His place."
The wind carried Ezekiel and behind him was the great rumbling sound. Behind teh rumbling sound was fire. This fire came out from the river Dinur and seen by Elijah.
"נְהַר דִּי-נוּר, נָגֵד וְנָפֵק מִן-קֳדָמוֹהִי, אֶלֶף אלפים (אַלְפִין) יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ, וְרִבּוֹ רבון (רִבְבָן) קָדָמוֹהִי יְקוּמוּן; דִּינָא יְתִב, וְסִפְרִין פְּתִיחוּ."
"A river (Dinur) of fire was flowing And coming out from before Him; Thousands upon thousands were attending Him, And myriads upon myriads were standing before Him; The court sat, And the books were opened."
The river Dinur starts from four great angels (Seraphim) that release sparks of fire as they move. These sparks turn into 72 wheels of flaming fire that make the river Dinur. (Zohar Pekudei #523, #623)
" וּדְמוּת הַחַיּוֹת מַרְאֵיהֶם כְּגַחֲלֵי-אֵשׁ, בֹּעֲרוֹת כְּמַרְאֵה הַלַּפִּדִים–הִיא, מִתְהַלֶּכֶת בֵּין הַחַיּוֹת; וְנֹגַהּ לָאֵשׁ, וּמִן-הָאֵשׁ יוֹצֵא בָרָק."
"In the midst of the living beings, there was something that looked like burning coals of fire, like torches darting back and forth among the living beings. The fire was bright, and lightning was flashing from the fire."
1 Kings 19:12
"וְאַחַר הָרַעַשׁ אֵשׁ, לֹא בָאֵשׁ יְהוָה; וְאַחַר הָאֵשׁ, קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּה."
"After the rumbling sound, a fire, but YHVH was not in the fire; and after the fire a sound of a fine silence."
The 'fine silence' that comes after the fire is the sound of Malchut that doesn't have a light of its own.
The four living beings make the chariot that delivers the light to Malchut. The strong wind, rumbling noise and fire create levels of separation between the light of the upper levels and Malchut. We need the process to get to the light. The fire has the maximum power of cleansing, and that is why after the fire there's silence.
The righteous souls that come up escorted by an angel to the river to wash their spiritual garments from impurities. The souls wash in the river and come out pure. Some of them stay all night, and some wicked souls get burnt like straw in the fire. The river Dinur rest on Shabbat.
To come closer to the highest level of light we need to break barriers/Klippot, it could be stormy, scary and we may get burnt on the path of cleansing, but even if the process is a little long, we will get out of it pure.
When we build proper spiritual garments with our actions and studies, we need only a quick wash


text:
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Mary, How Could You Have Known?
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Mary, How Could You Have Known? by Sally K. Albrecht and Jay Althouse. Choir Sacred. SATB choir. Choral (Sacred); Choral Octavo; Worship Resources. Alfred Archive Edition. Advent; Christmas; Sacred; Winter. Grade 3. Choral Octavo. 8 pages. Published by Alfred Music (AP.18381).
"Mary, how could you have known that your child would be a Savior?" Compelling text images,flowing lyricism and haunting clarinet (opt., part included in the score) combine to create an unforgettable Advent original. The ideal choice for hard-to-find text focus on the annunciation of Mary, wonderful throughout Advent and for Christmas.
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text:
During broadcasts of the evening World Cup games, Das Erste TV offers its viewers a special, eye-catching treat: images taken from space zooming directly into the playing fields show the World Cup stadiums in a whole new perspective. Such views, not previously available, are made possible thanks to satellite data provided by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR).
These animated zoom views should not be compared with images usually found on the web. Instead, they comprise data from actual satellite photographs combined with sophisticated digital image processing and high-resolution computer animation. Additionally, the satellite images are enhanced with high-resolution picture data gathered by aircraft in order to make additional details recognizable.
The space images are provided by scientific satellites conducting Earth observation missions and the animated zooms are created by processing images taken at different resolutions. Among other support, the commercial firm European Space Imaging served as partner to DLR and supplied very high-resolution images taken by the IKONOS satellite having a resolution on the ground of about 1 metre.
With this project, DLR and WDR (Westdeutscher Rundfunk) continue to foster their close and long-established cooperation. One goal of the project is, against the background of the World Cup championship, to boost the visibility of Germany's sophisticated technical capabilities in the area of space.
DLR is Germany's national research centre for aeronautics and space. Its extensive research and development work is integrated into national and international cooperative ventures, particularly with ESA, the European Space Agency. As Germany's Space Agency, the German federal government has given DLR responsibility for the forward planning and implementation of the German space programme as well as international representation of Germany's interests. Germany's cutting-edge space technologies range from manned space travel, microgravity research and reentry technology to robotics, camera technology, navigation, communications and Earth observation. The World Cup TV zoom shots were processed from satellite data by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) located at the DLR facility in Oberpfaffenhofen and were formatted using the new HDTV television standard.
Within the ARD consortium of public broadcasters, WDR is responsible for transmitting FIFA's World Cup 2006 to the the pool of international broadcasters.


(or "%8" and "%9" for actual bytes URL-encoded as "%8A".."%8F" or "%9A".."%9F") are an incomplete scanf/printf placeholder, not correctly terminated by a valid type/format letter (so yes this is a serious bug)
When trailing bytes are in "%A0".. "%BF", this bug does not occur because "%A" or "%B", in capitals, are not recognized as valid placeholders for C/C++, but the bug would occur if these bytes were encoded using non-standard lowercase in "%a0".."%bf" (because "%a" and "%b" could eventually be placeholders in some C/C++ libraries using extended scanf/printf formatters). actually does not properly check if theses are valid C/C++ placefolder for print/scanf. It does not even know that the message will be used with a C/C++ library, and it also supposes this could be placeholders for other languages (such as DOS-Command or NT-CMD shell variables, or libraries for Java, Javascript, PHP, Python...).
Here you tried "%8D" which superficially looks like a printf/scanf placeholder for a format of length 8 but unknown type/format letter "D"; as this is not recognized, then TranslateWiki assumes this could be also a basic "%n" placeholder for another syntax (a shell syntax for or some other programming language of library), and errs because there's no such "%8" placeholder in the original string to translate. What does is just making superficial guesses, with frequently false assumptions.
 - One possible workaround could be to link to another redirecting article that does not use these characters in their title (e.g. redirecting the English title).
 - Another alternative would be to not URL-encode non-ASCII characters in the URL, using the IRI syntax supported by modern browsers (and supported also by the MediaWiki parser).
 - You've found the wordaround using the MediaWiki editor instead of the Translate UI (but note that even if you've edited it there, the text cannot be validated in the "review" UI of TranslateWiki, or will resurrect if one needs to point to another URL on the target wiki).
This is a bug of the Translate interface itself: the solution would be to mark the resource to translate as not using the Mediawiki syntax (if this is the case) and containing no C/C++ "printf/scanf-like" placeholder when importing the resource on, so that its UI won't perform an incorrect validation check.
As far as I know, the UI of still does not support such flagging (unlike what other common UIs for translations of.po/.pot files for gettext) and just makes some "magic" guess of the format used, assuming it is either using the Mediawiki syntax (where such URL-encoding of URLs is not needed, but where "{}" and "[]" are special-cased for MediaWiki's parser, as well as "$name" for Translatewiki's syntax itself and supported in the Mediawiki API internal libraries, and a few other syntaxes) or the placeholders in C/C++ "printf/scanf" format strings. should not perform such magic guess of the expected format. It creates false positives and does not properly validate all what may be needed for projects. It should support resource-flagging like in.po/.pot translation tools (where the uncompiled ".po" format uses special comment-lines starting by "#," before the resource texts starting by "msgid" or "msgstr"), using some metadata separated from the original string, possibly stored in the "/qqq" doc subpage, or in a dedicated "/qqx" subpage, or using some hidden tag in the source page (like TWN already does when prepending hidden "!!FUZZY" markers in translated subpages that need updates).
I would suggest prepending "!!FORMAT(...)" or "!!{...}" markers is source pages to store that metadata, and possibly as well in the translated pages to make sure that these special markers are in sync with the original).
As well, a project should be able to store such global metadata for their whole message group (to provide some defaults that could be overriden in specific resources using the special marker), notably the programming language that will use these resources, so it will know if printf/scanf format strings are really needed, or if Mediawiki or HTML syntax is expected. This means creating a special page for each message group, containing the group description, contact info, supported formats (including supported plural forms), URL to help/support pages, URLs to their bug tracker and relevant discussions or terminologies for specific languages...
These changes in TWN would make this wiki more universal to better support more projects. The alternative for these projects are to use online translation tools other than (most of them are built for.po resources with gettext)...
The alternative would be for Blockly to accept this string in IRI format, natively in UTF-8 (like in the address bar of modern web browsers, or in the Mediawiki parser), documenting that the URL should not be URL-encoded (this would require Blockly to URL-encode that IRI itself, either in its runtime code or during the import of translated resources from TWN to their code repository) and documenting that info in the "/qqq" doc subpage of However that last alternative requires involving Blockly developers, notifying them, and make them aware of what they can do when importing/exporting their project with (only these developers can instruct translators about what they can do).
Verdy p (talk)19:32, 20 March 2021
Hi, Verdy. Thank you a lot for your detailed and clear explanation. The last option would certainly be best but would require someone with the relevant technical knowledge to communicate with developers. Would you be willing to take this on? Otherwise, I'll ask a colleague or will try to do it myself. For the time being, I'm staying with the workaround. --Eleassar (talk) 08:14, 21 March 2021 (UTC)
Eleassar (talk)08:14, 21 March 2021
Feel free to link this talk thread. I would be pleased to see such suggestions implemtend somewhere for improving and better support the hosted projects with better communications and reporting with translators, and improved checking and validation of translations.
Verdy p (talk)22:32, 3 April 2021
Activate new language-code: Aruban Papiamento [pap-AW]
I'm active in the Wiki goes Caribbean working group and would like to request another language code for Papiamento. We already facilitate Papiamentu ('pap'), spoken on Bonaire and Curacao, but Papiamento, spoken on Aruba, is slightly different in grammer and spelling. Per my conversation with Amir, I would like to suggest to use 'pap-aw' for this variant of the language.
Please let me know if you have any questions.
Ciell (talk)20:04, 24 February 2021
Amir E. Aharoni (talk)10:03, 4 March 2021
Hi _USER_, Can you help me find this language on translate wiki?
Ciell (talk)09:03, 29 March 2021
Hmm, for some reason it cannot easily be found in the language selector! I'll try to fix that.
In the meantime, here's a direct link that should work as a start:
This link is for core MediaWiki. You can select other components, such as "Visual Editor" in the project selector on the top right side of the screen.
Amir E. Aharoni (talk)10:34, 29 March 2021
Hi Amir, We seem to have the same problem on Wikidata, the language is not visible yet.
Ciell (talk)16:07, 29 March 2021
Please ask Wikidata developers about it.
Amir E. Aharoni (talk)06:17, 30 March 2021
Please add the Kom language [bkm]
I speak the Kom language of Cameroon, and I'd like to translate MediaWiki into this language.
X-Savitar (talk)11:14, 31 March 2021
This is now enabled!
Amir E. Aharoni (talk)15:31, 31 March 2021
Encyclopedia of Life: no export since 29 August 2019
Is the "Encyclopedia of Life" (EOL) project still actively maintained ? Or jsut dormant (waiting for further developments). There's not been any commit in their repository since 29 August 2019:
But in fact there's not been any other commit for any other part of their project in their repository (and no progress at all in their online bug reports). As well the online version of the site seems to be frozen from the same date.
If it is maintained now by another administrator, using another repository, or going to become a closed project, or waiting for a new admin, we should be informed.
Verdy p (talk)19:17, 26 March 2021
Hi Verdy p,
Changes to Encyclopedia of Life are pushed to this repository:
Abijeet Patro (talk)10:22, 31 March 2021
Then the projet portal gives the wrong repository if it has changed. It needs to be updated.
Verdy p (talk)12:44, 1 April 2021
New project :
We're translating in french since around 2000. After using pottle for a few years, since 201


Planners Save, Hedonists Squander!
How we treat time is key to happiness, say psychologists
Give a four-year-old a marshmallow, and she'll eat it, no hesitation. Unless she's promised a second if she waits 15 minutes before eating the first. Stanford psychologist Walter Mischel tested the ability of kids to delay gratification in this way in the 1960's. Behind the one-way mirror, Mischel noticed that some kids—I'll call them the planners—might squirm and sniff and squeeze the prize but ultimately managed to resist temptation. Others could not. They gobbled right away.
Follow-up studies of the same kids as teenagers revealed a remarkable divide. Those who could wait longer were far better off. The planners were more confident, attentive, respectful, trustworthy, and calm under pressure. They were more eager to learn and, in fact, earned SAT scores that were more than 200 points higher than those of the hedonistic gobblers.
The psychologist Philip Zimbardo, a colleague of Mischel's, uses the elegant experiment as a hook for his new book, The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life. Part research report, part self-help guide, Zimbardo and co-author John Boyd (a research manager at Google) explain what this all means for you. Your perspective on time, they say, can make or break your well-being.
I saw Zimbardo speak with zeal on the topic at the New York Academy of Sciences last week. If you're a future-oriented person—able to wait for your marshmallows—you likely set goals and meet them, save money, and finish your work on time. For the gobblers among us, the present-oriented, well, I'm afraid the gobblers are a bit screwed. Pain, sickness, financial ruin, addiction, death, and hell. That's verbatim from one of Zimbardo's Power Point slides. Sorry—probable pain, sickness, financial ruin, addiction, death, and hell.
Hyperbole aside, Zimbardo has spent decades refining a way to quantify what he feels is an overlooked predictor of a person's aptitude for long-term success. His tool to measure time perspective is called the ZTPI: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The ZTPI will identify what level and shade of past-, present-, and future-oriented you are. You can then compare it to a so-called optimal profile, giving you a new excuse for why you haven't accomplished what you wanted to this year.
So is it carpe diem or carpe annum for you? You can measure your personal ZTPI here. But never fear: Zimbardo says time perspective can be readjusted. To learn how, though, it seems you'll have to buy the book.


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Sentence Modeling with the Masters
Minilesson Print
Sentence Modeling with the Masters
Stamp of Mark Twain
Olga Popova/
You can learn a lot about writing by studying the work of your favorite authors, journalists, and bloggers. When you come across a sentence you especially like, try writing your own sentence in the same pattern. This process is called "sentence modeling."
 1. Find a sentence that you especially like.
 2. Master: Perfectionism is the voice of the oppressor, the enemy of the people.
 —Anne Lamott, from Bird by Bird
 3. Select a subject for your writing.
 4. Subject: Music
 5. Follow the author's pattern as you write about your own subject.
 6. Model: Music is the voice of the dreamer, the language of the heart.
 7. Build your sentence one small section at a time.
 —Harper Lee, from To Kill a Mockingbird
 Model: The old baseball diamond looked as it had for years, beaten and brown, but each time we took that field we felt a familiar feeling. Joy.
Use sentence modeling to experiment with style, but don't overdo it. You don't want to adopt someone else's style completely.
Your Turn Model the following sentences using topics of your own choosing.
 1. Grown-ups are complicated creatures, full of quirks and secrets.
 —Roald Dahl, from Danny, the Champion of the World
 2. He goes out onto his baseball field, spins around second base, and looks back at the academy.
 —John McPhee from The Headmaster
 3. Mistakes, mistakes, it's all I seem capable of at times.
 —Markus Zusak, from The Book Thief
 4. Jeff couldn't see the musician clearly, just a figure on a chair on the stage, holding what looked like a misshapen guitar.
 —Cynthia Voigt from A Solitary Blue
 5. Good books, good friends, and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life.
 —Mark Twain from Life on the Mississippi
From page 105 in Writers Express
From the blog post "Sentence Modeling"
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Department of Antiquities
The 'Scorpion King' Mace head
When was it made and why is it so large?
Egyptian Mace head, AN1896-1908.E3632
When was it made?
About 3100 BC, in the period immediately preceding the unification of Upper and Lower (southern and northern) Egypt under one king - traditionally identified as a powerful ruler from the south.
Why is it so large?
This macehead is about five times the size of a functional one. It's decorated with scenes carved in low relief, and was made for dedication in the temple of the falcon god at Hierakonpolis, possibly to celebrate a victory.


text:
Scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) recently had a eureka moment, when they accidentally invented an unusual material that can harvest water from the atmosphere. According to the researchers, these carbon nanorods absorb and release water in a completely different, somewhat baffling way.
As the team points out, the nanoscale stalks have been found to absorb water at very low humidity, and then release it when the ambient humidity rises to around 50-80 percent. By contrast, most others materials continue drawing in extra water with increasing humidity. Speaking about the research, recently published in the Nature Nanotechnology journal, David Lao of PNNL said:
Our unusual material behaves a bit like a sponge; it wrings itself out halfway before it's fully saturated with water.
The breakthrough, the scientists believe, could pave the way for efficient, low-energy water-harvesting systems as well as smart fabrics that automatically expel excess sweat from the wearer's body. As Lao goes on the explain, the team stumbled upon the new material by accident while trying to build magnetic nanowires.
It was during their research on magnetic nanowires that the scientists ended up creating a special type of carbon nanotube. When examined with the help of a specialized vapor analysis instrument, the nanorods seemed to lose some of their weight with increase in the ambient humidity. Believing that the observations were the result of a faulty instrument, the team analyzed the new material once again using an incredibly accurate, high-powered microscope.
The bizarre phenomenon, according to the researchers, was originally suggested back in the 1990s. As part of their current research, the team came across two papers, dated 2012 and 2013 respectively, which revealed that water or any other liquid can spontaneously evaporate when confined to a space less than 1.5 nanometers in width. The same thing, the papers state, happens if the liquid is lined with hydrophobic (i.e. water-repelling) substances.
As the scientists explicate, the unexpected phenomenon takes place when water condenses and forms a bridge between the carbon nanorods via a process known as capillary condensation. The liquid present between the rods in turn causes surface tension, bringing the adjacent tubes closer to each other. When the gap between them decrease to about 1.5 nanometers, the water spontaneously vaporizes.
The material, the team points out, could one day help harvest water from seemingly dry desert air. At present, the substance can expel only around 10 to 20-percent of the absorbed liquid, something that the scientists are hoping to change in the near future. David Heldebrant, an engineer at PNNL, said:
Now that we've gotten over the initial shock of this unforeseen behavior, we're imagining the many ways it could be harnessed to improve the quality of our lives. But before we can put these nanorods to good use, we need to be able to control and perfect their size and shape.


Title of Presentation: A Robotic Mobile Sensor Network for Achieving Scientific Measurements in Challenging Environments
Primary (Corresponding) Author: Ayanna Howard / Antidio Viguria
Organization of Primary Author: Georgia Institute of Technology
Co-Authors: S. Williams, A. Viguria
Abstract: Recently, it has been discovered that the giant ice sheets covering Greenland and Antarctica have been shrinking at an accelerated rate. While it is believed that these regions hold important information related to global climate change, there is still insufficient data to be able to accurately predict the future behavior of those ice sheets. Satellites have been able to map the ice sheet elevations with increasing accuracy, but data about general weather conditions (i.e. wind speed, barometric pressure, etc.) must be measured at the surface. Although there are fixed weather stations, such as the Greenland Climate Network, scattered throughout these zones of interest, they are limited in quantity and thus only provide sparse coverage of the arctic regions. In order to obtain a denser set of measurements, human expeditions must be sent to these remote and dangerous areas. Alternatively, a group of autonomous robotic rovers could be deployed to these same locations, mitigating the cost, effort, and danger of human presence. For this to be a viable solution though, a method must be developed to allow multiple robotic scientific explorers to navigate these arctic environments. Specific technological achievements that must be addressed for deployment of this surface-based mobile science network include estimating terrain characteristics of the arctic environment, incorporating these characteristics into a robot navigation scheme, and using this scheme to deploy multiple robotic scientific explorers to specific science sites of interest. In this paper, we discuss an infrastructure that addresses these issues in order to enable successful deployment of these robotic scientific explorers.