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Nowadays, the whole world is facing a problem known as COVID-19, which not only impacted the business and economy but the education sector too. No studies are there, and even students are not able to give the exams. But not to worry, every problem has its solution. A concept has been there, known as online proctoring with AI tools to conduct the virtual exam, which is also a cost-effective method. It is the best method to ensure a cheating free virtual exam with proper candidate authentication.
This exam proctoring technique has different levels which the universities or organizations can select as per the requirement. Before opting for these services, do check the security of data, prices & services and compare it with other alternatives and then select the perfect one.
Can someone cheat in online proctored exams?
- Two-factor authentication and geotaggingSometimes students may hire someone else to give their tests. Although this is not possible, face and voice identification system, id card confirmation & unique code service is there for proper authentication.
- Block multiple loginsThe students might forward the link to their friends, to appear for the test or proxy, but the limit is set as at backend the place, IP address everything is recorded. Once the link is formed and if the student logins, then after that, immediately it expires.
- Browser activity trackerCopy paste is the technique used in online exams to save time. For this, an inspection record is there to trace the action of each candidate, and the person will able to know everything from it.
- Activity detectionCandidates write the formulas on hands or keep things near them to copy the answers. But this software act as an activity detector that detects suspicious behavior, changes in facial expressions, and many more.
- Watermarking papersIt did not allow the students to not to click the picture and send it on the internet to others because the watermark is there. If any student shares it with anyone, then he/she can easily be traced with this software as a unique ID number is there with every test paper.
- Prevent screen mirroringCandidates download these screen mirroring apps in which another person takes control in between but this system detects and blocks these things.
Here are the benefits to the organizations-
- Saves timeThe student needs to go to the allotted center for the examination, which requires more time. But adopting this framework, students can choose whichever location they want.
- Flexibility- A proper set up of date and time is there, and the students can select the specific dates to give the exam, but the rest depends upon the education system. Students can prefer the best time for the exam also.
- More comfortableThe students can sit anywhere i.e home, office, etc to give the exams. It is comfortable because a safer, quiet & silent environment is there where the students can concentrate more to perform well in the exams.
- Eliminate strain on handsIt is the framework that eliminates the writing time of the students. As many options are available on it, that is students can use various tools to reduce the strain on hands if compared with physical writing.
- PrivacyThis framework is not only for students to give exams, but professionals can also use the same for it. Professionals might seek these things to go to the busy exam center. For them, this is the perfect platform to study and perform well.
From time-saving to better performance, at every stage, it benefits the candidates more as now it had is implemented all over the world to deal with difficult situations as the world is facing now.
Here are the benefits to the organizations-
- Exam conducted easily- A proper protocol is there for the exams which organizations need to follow & advantage to them is they do not need to concentrate all the time when the exam is going on.
- Remove burdenSuppose ten centers are there in one place, which increases the burden on the invigilator as he/she needs to move to these centers to check everything is working correctly or not. By opting for this framework, it eliminates these things & also reduces the pressure on the administration.
- Secured and safeIt is an advantage that the invigilator is not there, but it does not mean that this framework is not safe. This framework consists of the advance technology, which reduces the chances of cheating, and a recording option is also available to keep an eye on everything happening there. In case of serious issues, the organization can drop access anytime.
- Cover more geographical areaThis framework cover the things on a large scale if running more exams in different states or countries to cover more area. With this, the whole process becomes easier which able to examine things at regular intervals.
- Reduce the pressure of arrangementAs the exams are going to be online, that's why it lessens the burden to arrange the space for the students, which universities and colleges take time to plan.
In this way, it benefits the organization from saving time to cost everything is included in it, which arrange particular things for the universities or colleges.
This is how it provides benefits to the students as well as the organization. This proctoring software technology is for learning purposes that use AI-powered tools to make sure that exams conducted by the universities will be at the best. If the students think that they can do cheating in the exams, then forget about it. Various types of plans are there, one can choose it as per the needs. From basic to advance, every feature is covered in this, which disable all the illegal things opted by the students in the exams. Universities need these kinds of software, but before opting there services must check the security features, prices, services & their support centers to make sure, things are done as per plan. With this in the coming time, technology is going to grow faster and effectively to conduct the examinations and assessments, securely and properly.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Prytanée National Militaire
The Prytanée National Militaire is a French school managed by the military, offering regular high-school education as well as special preparatory school classes, equivalent in level to the first years of university, for students who wish to enter French military academies. The school is located in western France in the city of La Flèche.
René Descartes was one of the first and most illustrious students of the school from 1607 to 1615, and introduced the school in his Discourse on Method under the phrase "I was in one of the most famous schools of Europe".
In 1808, Napoléon renamed the school "Prytanée Militaire", in a classic reference to the Greek prytaneis (literally "Presidents"), an executive body acting as the religious and political heart of ancient Greek cities.
Today the Prytanée starts from the high school level, and has "Classes préparatoires ", that is, preparatory classes to the entrance examinations of the French elite Grandes Écoles, such as École polytechnique, the Navy École Navale, the Army École de Saint-Cyr, the École de l'Air and various civilian engineering or commercial graduate schools.
Besides René Descartes, the Prytanée has trained various military and non-military celebrities, including Claude Chappe, inventor of the optical telegraph, Marshalls of France such as Bertrand and Gallieni or Pélissier, actors such as Jean-Claude Brialy, and recently spationautes such as Patrick Baudry and Jean-Francois Clervoy.
The school's students are nicknamed "Brutions", as a classic reference to the inhabitants of the Bruttium region of Roman Italy, who had a reputation for their roughness and fighting spirit.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Call Tracking
What Is Porting And How Does It Work?
by Trisha Hand
What is porting?
If you already own a number that you would like to use as a tracking number in CallTrackingMetrics, but it is currently not in our system, you can port the number in making it usable for your tracking purposes.
How do you port a number?
Porting a number into CallTrackingMetrics is simple, log into your account and go to Numbers>Port Numbers. On this page you fill out a form with the number you are porting, the receiving number, the tracking source, and the name of your account. Once you have submitted this port form you will receive an email asking you to fill out and return an LOA (Letter Of Authorization), and a copy of the bill for this number.
Why do we ask for an LOA and Bill?
This paperwork is needed to prove to your current carrier that you are the owner of the number being ported and you are giving them permission to move the number over to CallTrackingMetrics.
How long does the process take?
The porting process can take 2-4 weeks to complete from the time our porting department receives the LOA and bill. Our porting department will be in correspondence with you throughout the process, letting you know if there is any further information required and giving you the scheduled port date once the date has being set for the number.
Porting numbers out of CallTrackingMetrics.
If you like your tracking number but no longer want to use it in CallTrackingMetrics and you have been actively using CallTrackingMetrics for 60 days, you can port the number to another carrier. To do this you would contact the desired carrier and fill out their LOA and use a screenshot of the tracking numbers page in lieu of a bill. That carrier will contact us with a port away request, we will email the admin of the account asking if the port away is legitimate and either approve or deny the request.


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Catholic Worker Movement
The Catholic Worker Movement is a collection of autonomous communities of Catholics and their associates founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin in 1933. Its aim is to "live in accordance with the justice and charity of Jesus Christ." One of its guiding principles is hospitality towards those on the margin of society, based on the principles of communitarianism and personalism. To this end, the Catholic Worker Movement claims over 213 local Catholic Worker communities providing social services. Each house has a different mission, going about the work of social justice in their own ways, suited to their local region.
Catholic Worker houses are not official organs of the Catholic Church and their activities, inspired by Day's example, may be more or less overtly religious in tone and inspiration depending on the particular institution. The movement campaigns for nonviolence and is active in opposing both war and the unequal distribution of wealth globally. Dorothy Day also founded The Catholic Worker newspaper, still published by the two Catholic Worker houses in New York City and sold for a penny a copy.
The 'Catholic Worker Movement' started with the Catholic Worker newspaper, created to advance Catholic social teaching and stake out a neutral, pacifist position in the war-torn 1930s. This grew into a "house of hospitality" in the slums of New York City and then a series of farms for people to live together communally.
The movement quickly spread to other cities in the United States, and to Canada and the United Kingdom; more than 30 independent but affiliated CW communities had been founded by 1941. Well over 100 communities exist today, including several in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, the Republic of Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, and Sweden.
Beliefs of the Catholic Worker
"Our rule is the works of mercy," said Dorothy Day. "It is the way of sacrifice, worship, a sense of reverence."
According to co-founder Peter Maurin, the following are the beliefs of the Catholic Worker:
- gentle personalism of traditional Catholicism.
- personal obligation of looking after the needs of our brother.
- daily practice of the Works of Mercy.
- Houses of Hospitality for the immediate relief of those who are in need.
- establishment of Farming Communes where each one works according to his ability and gets according to his need.
- creating a new society within the shell of the old with the philosophy of the new.
The Catholic Worker considered itself a Christian anarchist movement. All authority came from God; and the state, having by choice distanced itself from Christian perfectionism, forfeited its ultimate authority over the citizen...Catholic Worker anarchism followed Christ as a model of nonviolent revolutionary behavior...He respected individual conscience. But he also preached a prophetic message, difficult for many of his contemporaries to embrace.
See also
- Ammon Hennacy
- Ade Bethune
- James J. Braddock
- Catholic Radical Alliance
- Catholic trade unions
- Christian trade unions
- Fritz Eichenberg
- Bill Kauffman
- Ciaron O'Reilly
- Friendship House
- Catholic social teaching
- The Catholic Worker a newspaper produced by the Catholic Worker Movement
- Christian anarchism
- Industrial Workers of the World
- Saint Patrick's Day Four
- Utah Phillips
- James Loney
- Peter Maurin Co-Founder of the Catholic Worker
- Political Catholicism
Similar Christian movements
- Servants to Asia's Urban Poor
- Madonna House Apostolate
- "New Monasticism" related communities.
- Anabaptism in particular the emerging peace church movement
- Peace Churches
- On the English CW, see: Olivier Rota, From a social question with religious echoes to a religious question with social echoes. The 'Jewish Question' and the English Catholic Worker (_PHONE_) in Houston Catholic Worker, Vol. XXV n°3, May–June 2005, pp.4–5.
- Robert Waldrop, "About the Oscar Romero Catholic Worker House," _URL_ Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- "The Aims and Means of the Catholic Worker" from The Catholic Worker newspaper, May 2002
- "Catholic Worker Movement". Catholicworker.org. 1933-05-01. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
- Directory of Catholic Worker Communities "List of Catholic Worker Communities". Retrieved 2008-11-30.
- "Saint Dorothy Day? Controversial, Yes, But Bishops Push for Canonization". Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- Maurin, Peter. "What the Catholic Worker Believes".
- The concept of "a new society within the shell of the old" appeared in the preamble to the constitution of the IWW, though there not given a religious rationale
- Cornell, Tom (May 2010). "In Defense of Anarchism". Catholic Worker. LXXVII (77th Anniversary Issue): 4–5.
- Prentiss, Craig R. (2008). Debating God's Economy: Social Justice in America on the Eve of Vatican II. p. 74. "Subsidiarity and its value in promoting the philosophy of personalism was also key to undergirding perhaps the most distinctive element of the CW ideology, its Christian anarchism"
- Klejment, Anne; Patrick Coy (1988). A Revolution of the heart: essays on the Catholic worker. Temple University Press. pp. 293–294.
Further reading
- Dorothy Day (1997) Loaves and Fishes: The inspiring story of the Catholic Worker Movement. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1963.
- Main website of the Catholic Worker Movement
- Unofficial website about the Catholic Worker Movement
- Catholic Worker communities at the Open Directory Project
- Dorothy Day-Catholic Worker Collection at Marquette University
- The Way of Love: Dorothy Day and the American Right - by Bill Kauffman, Whole Earth (Summer 2000)
- Following Jesus in love and anarchy - The Times, February 29, 2008


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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) wants to buy
up to EUR 10 million in carbon credits from
said last Wednesday.
Zsuzsanna Hargitai, the EBRD's Hungarian representative, told MTI news
agency that the bank would buy the credits if
further cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Since the Kyoto Protocol came into
force in 2005, carbon credits can be purchased to allow nations to meet their
emissions' targets. Hargitai said that
nowhere near as strong a position as
Former communist countries such as
have credits to spare as their emissions have dropped significantly since
state-owned heavy industries closed with the break up of the
is committed to reducing emissions by 6% from its baseline by 2012. However, as
an economy in transition, it was free to choose its baseline and selected the
period between 1985 and 1987, when its energy consumption was at a high. By
1994, emissions had dropped by 18% compared to the baseline and have not risen
signed a framework agreement to sell credits to
its 1990 levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions by 2012.
However, Japan, which the World Bank ranks as the third-largest economy in the
world behind the
emissions actually rise 7.8% in 2005 from 1990 levels.
Critics of trading carbon credits say the system does not bring about
any concrete reduction in emissions and fails to emphasise the need to move
away from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.


text:
From Guidance Share
- J.D. Meier
Performance Engineering includes specific performance related activities.
Key Activities in the Life Cycle
This Performance Engineering approach extends these proven core activities to create performance specific activities. These include: These include
- Performance Objectives. Setting objectives helps you scope and prioritize your work by setting boundaries and constraints. Setting performance objectives helps you identify where to start, how to proceed, and when your application meets your performance goals.
- Budgeting. Budget represents your constraints and enables you to specify how much you can spend (resource-wise) and how you plan to spend it.
- Performance Modeling. Performance modeling is an engineering technique that provides a structured and repeatable approach to meeting your performance objectives.
- Performance Design Guidelines. Applying design guidelines, patterns and principles which enable you to engineer for performance from an early stage.
- Performance Design Inspections. Performance design inspections are an effective way to identify problems in your application design. By using pattern-based categories and a question-driven approach, you simplify evaluating your design against root cause performance issues.
- Performance Code Inspections. Many performance defects are found during code reviews. Analyzing code for performance defects includes knowing what to look for and how to look for it. Performance code inspections to identify inefficient coding practices that could lead to performance bottlenecks.
- Performance Testing. Load and stress testing is used to generate metrics and to verify application behavior and performance under normal and peak load conditions.
- Performance Tuning. Performance tuning is an iterative process that you use to identify and eliminate bottlenecks until your application meets its performance objectives. You start by establishing a baseline. Then you collect data, analyze the results, and make configuration changes based on the analysis. After each set of changes, you retest and measure to verify that your application has moved closer to its performance objectives.
- Performance Health Metrics. Identity the measures, measurements, and criteria for evaluating the health of your application from a performance perspective.
- Performance Deployment Inspections. During the deployment phase, you validate your model by using production metrics. You can validate workload estimates, resource utilization levels, response time, and throughput.
- Capacity Planning. You should continue to measure and monitor when your application is deployed in the production environment. Changes that may affect system performance include increased user loads, deployment of new applications on shared infrastructure, system software revisions, and updates to your application to provide enhanced or new functionality. Use your performance metrics to guide your capacity and scaling plans.
- Performance Engineering Overview
Performance Code Inspections

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Is there a particle called "tachyons" that can travel faster than light? If so, would Einstein's relativity be wrong? According to Einstein no particle can travel faster than light.
share|cite|improve this question
It is Tachyons, and have a look at. It answers your question. – anna v Jun 20 '11 at 14:05
also, Tokyons are quanta of East Asia radiation... – Marek Jun 20 '11 at 15:29
_USER_: that could be an answer. – David Z Jun 20 '11 at 16:11
related: – Ben Crowell May 4 '13 at 17:45
1 Answer 1
As a matter of fact, Einstein's theory of relativity is what predicts the possibility of tachyons (faster-than-light particles) - or rather, relativity is what makes tachyons special. Without relativity, particles moving faster than light would just be really fast particles.
Although it's often said that Einstein's relativity says that nothing can move faster than light, that's not actually true. What special relativity actually says (among many other things) is that anything which moves slower than light will always move slower than light, anything which moves at the speed of light will always move at the speed of light, and anything which moves faster than light will always move faster than light. Effectively, nothing can cross the "barrier" of light speed. So there is nothing in relativity that forbids the existence of tachyons.
However, based on relativity and other theories, we can predict certain properties that tachyons would have, if they exist, and they turn out to be rather strange. For example, their mass would have to be represented by an imaginary number. Also, a tachyon would get faster and faster as it loses energy, as opposed to normal particles, which need to gain energy to increase their speed. If you follow this sort of reasoning far enough, eventually you wind up with nonsensical results. Combined with the fact that no sign of a real tachyon has never been observed, this leads most physicists to believe that tachyons either do not exist, or are prohibited (by some as-yet-unknown law of physics) from interacting with normal matter.
If you're interested in learning more, I would second the suggestion that you check out the Wikipedia article that anna linked to in a comment.
share|cite|improve this answer
The second paragraph is completely new information to me. Very interesting. – OmnipresentAbsence Mar 4 '13 at 18:23
protected by Qmechanic Sep 15 '13 at 23:10
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


CBeebies launches a mindfulness app for kids voiced by Stephen Fry - here's how to download it
Friday, 8th May 2020, 3:30 pm
Updated Friday, 8th May 2020, 3:30 pm
CBeebies has released a new mindfulness app activity voiced by Stephen Fry to help children during lockdown
The app experience, called Your Mindful Garden, aims to teach children between 0 - 6 years old, how to develop mindful habits.
It's aimed at helping them through difficult and unexpected times such as the coronavirus pandemic.
The new app activity comes after the BBC expanded their education website BBC Bitesize, to help children learn during lockdown.
What activities are included in the app?
According to the CBeebies website, Your Mindful Garden provides three activities to complete daily, which aim to increase "focus, creativity and calm" in children.
"Your Mindful Garden teaches valuable techniques to help children de-stress and unwind - useful skills both in these tough times and for later in life," reads a statement on its website.
In-app hide and seek with CBeebies characters is one example of the concentration based activities, while some creative activities include raking patterns in a zen garden.
Creative and concentration based activities "help to clear and relax the mind", according to the children's television channel.
The third and final activity is always geared towards calming the child. This can range from physical activities such as stretches to breathing exercises.
"From learning to stretch with a new monkey friend to breathing along with a frog, it's all about learning valuable techniques that can help improve children's wellbeing," the website says.
Why is it called Your Mindful Garden?
The app activity gets its name from one of its core components. Your Mindful Garden asks children to virtually dig a hole in the app to plant a mindfulness tree.
Once they have completed a full set of three daily activities, they are rewarded with an in-app surprise element which is added to their tree.
Stephen Fry, who voices the app experience said: "It was such a pleasure to be involved with a simple, but beautifully designed idea like this. I hope and believe that many children will find the game fun, engaging and helpful in their journeys through life."
How can I get the app?
Your mindful Garden which was developed with the help of a professional mindfulness consultant, is now available for free in the CBeebies Go Explore app, which itself can be downloaded from the App Store, Google Play or Amazon App Stores.


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A special report from the Samuel Zell/Robert Lurie Real Estate Center at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania: Joseph Gyourko, Director and Bucksbaum Professor of Real Estate and Finance and Anita A. Summers, Director of Research and Professor Emeritas of Real Estate, and Business and Public Policy.
Land-use regulations have played a significant role in explaining the increase in house prices over the past quarter of a century across the country. Traditionally the price of land has accounted for only a small portion of housing costs but its share is growing substantially. This means that it is not demand alone that is accounting for the higher house values—the supply has become more inelastic. One possible explanation for the inelastic supply is the increased adoption of land-use regulations that limit building activity in local communities. Another is that we have run out of land.
It has been hard to sort out the explanation, because we have had very little direct knowledge of the local regulatory environment. Land-use regulations are largely under local control, and so are the data describing them. The Zell/Lurie Real Estate Center at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania amassed a national database of these data from 2,649 communities (whose combined populations represent about 60 percent of the population in U.S. localities) and a Philadelphia database of almost all 382 communities (whose combined populations represent about 90 percent of the region's population). (Note that unlike other sections of this report, this chapter adds Mercer County, New Jersey, to the other nine counties.) The correlates of these survey results were determined by combining them with a host of census data, measures of community pressure, and land-use regulatory activity in the executive and legislative branches of the state governments—and by constructing an index of residential land-use regulation that calibrates the degree of regulatory control in a locality.
Indicator 2.1: Degree of regulatory control
Indicator 2.2: Rules of residential land-use regulation
Indicator 2.3: Regulatory control and income
Indicator 2.4: Regulatory control and population
Indicator 2.5: Lot costs and socioeconomic character
Indicator 2.6: Lot costs and regulatory control


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User:Pranav Rathi/Notebook/OT/2012/11/13/Optical Tweezers Calibration
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If the bead is too close to the surface (h<10 times the bead radius) in drag coefficient Faxen's term dominates, and reports a wrong corner frequency (hens wrong stiffness). So when I do power-spectrum I make sure that I am more than 10 times of bead radius away from the surface. This affect can be exploited to determine the height of the bead correctly above the surface. If I know the corner frequency way away from the surface I can calculate it at any height from the surface; for example when bead center is a radius away from the surface the corner frequency would be 1/3. So knowing the corner frequency precisely I can position the bead precisely above the surface. This can help me knowing the trap height above the surface. But just remember the bead center and trap center do not coincide; due to the scattering force the equilibrium position for the bead center is slightly away from the trap center in the z-direction., which can be calibrated.
If the bead is too close to the surface (h<10 times the bead radius) in drag coefficient Faxen's term dominates, and reports a wrong corner frequency (hens wrong stiffness). So when I do power-spectrum I make sure that I am more than 10 times of bead radius away from the surface. This affect can be exploited to determine the height of the bead correctly above the surface. If I know the corner frequency way away from the surface I can calculate it at any height from the surface; for example when bead center is a radius away from the surface the corner frequency would be 1/3. So knowing the corner frequency precisely I can position the bead precisely above the surface. This can help me knowing the trap height above the surface. But just remember the bead center and trap center do not coincide; due to the scattering force the equilibrium position for the bead center is slightly away from the trap center in the z-direction., which can be calibrated.
[[Category:Construction of Optical Tweezers and devices]]
[[Category:Construction of Optical Tweezers and devices]]
Revision as of 16:31, 24 November 2012
To perform accurate measurements with optical tweezers, it is necessary to calibrate some experimental parameters and even before that study the active components of the optical tweezers setup. The parameters I want to calibrate: Stiffness; which measures the force that is exerts on the trapped bead, and Sensitivity; which measures the relative position of bead within the trap. The components I want to characterize: Laser, AOM (acoustooptic module), microscope objective, z and x piezo, lens and mirrors, QPD (quadrant photo diode), and electronic filters. It is necessary to characterize these components first because not only they affect the experimental parameters but also reduce the chances to see something unexpected in data later on.
I characterized most of the active components time to time in the setup. The characterization also helped me in designing this tweezers.
I use two lasers: 1064nm 2W ND:YAG crystalaser for tweezing and 633nm 2mW He-Ne for surface detection and alignment purposes. It is important to know some details about the source. IR-laser is more important because it is tweezing laser. I did not do a rigorous study (because it was not necessary), just specified few parameters like power output, beam waist and its location, polarization, beam mode profile and beam propagation factor. I used this information to design the tweezers expansion optics. The laser specifications are given in the following link:
Acoustooptic modulator is used to modulate the laser intensity in the trap. So it is second most important component of the tweezers. AOM has two components: AOM driver and AOM module, I characterized both. The specifications are given in the link:
- AOM driver
- AOM module
I use 1st order diffraction beam from AOM to feed the tweezers. NI-DAQ controlled by feedback96_main_mx labview v7.1 program controls the AOM through analog input voltage to AOM driver. So there is a relationship between the analog input voltage and output laser power in 1st order diffraction beam. Unfortunately this relationship is not linear; it is some odd function (characteristic curve; see the second link). Once I know the curve I can calculate the laser power in the trap at particular input voltage. This information is very useful while calculating the stiffness from the corner frequency.
It is absolutely unpractical to measure the laser power in the trap before every power-spectrum data is acquired to calculate the stiffness (for stiffness I need corner frequency from power-spectrum and laser power in the trap at which the spectrum is acquired). So, it is done in advance: I record the laser power after the water-immersion objective for RF-input voltage of 1.3 to 4.9 in.2 volts increments. I put a water droplet on the objective and record the power with a power meter directly. I used Thorlabs sensor: model D10MM (S212A 10W) S/N 0938D08 and detector: PM100 S/N M00229006. Reflection loss at water-air interface is still less than 2%.
The Pictures shows the data and characteristic curve for AOM RF-input voltage Vs laser power after the water immersion objective. The curve looks exactly the same as AOM characteristic curve. The data is presented below; I measured the laser power for 10 times each. I use the curve and data in OT calibration program written in labview V9 to calculate the laser power in the trap from RF-input voltage. Laser power and corner frequency gives me the stiffness. To know corner frequency, I usually do power-spectrum at 1.45 volts; at this voltage power measurement error is 8%. That means calculated stiffness accuracy will not be better than 92%. I will discuss the final number later when i discuss the corner frequency and power-spectrum.
AOM RF-input voltage Vs laser power after the objective:
Note: the data is good until no change is made to the optical path/components downstream from the objective that may change the laser power at the objective.
Objective is another very important part of the tweezers. I am using Olympus UPLANSAPO (UIS 2) water immersion IR objective. The objective gives a maximum spot size of 760nm with a Rayleigh range of 567nm. The objective has 55% transmittance (55% of the input laser power makes through) and it has a collar for cover glass correction (spherical aberration gets worse with the depth in the sample, but i do not have to worry about it while doing power spectrum or DOG). The full details of the objective are available here:
X & Z-piezo
We use "Mad city lab" nano position systems; Nano-OP30 for x-piezo and Nano-F25HS for z-piezo. None of the stages required any calibration. Characterization shows that x-piezo sensor output ground from drive has noise of 60Hz and its multiples, but very low.
Lens and mirrors
All the optics is rated for 1064nm. Some power measurements are as follow:
- Laser power before the AOM: 1.8W
- Laser power after the AOM: 1.7W, 6% transmission loss
- Power in 1st order diffraction beam: 1.238W, 27% transfer loss
- Laser power before the 1st lens of steering assembly: 1.18W, 5% transmission loss through expansion optics and mirrors
- Maximum laser power achievable in the trap: 610mW, 48% transmission loss through lens, dichroic mirror and objective.
Infrared-sensitive quadrant photo diode is used as a detector in optical tweezers. Bead position relative to trap center in x-direction is measured by the deflection of the laser beam. This deflection is imaged at the detector-plane by condenser and imaging lens in front of the QPD-detector. I use Hamamatsu S5981 QPD with analog amplifier On Track OT 301. Amplifier measures the current from the four quadrants of the diode and produces normalized position signals and sum signal in voltage.
This voltage signal goes through low-pass 8-pole Bessel filters cutoff at 1.5 kHz by Krohn-Hite. The signal is sampled at 13-20 kHz rate by data acquisition box BNC-2111 through PCI-card PCI-6052E by national Instruments.
Calibration data: power-spectrum and detector sensitivity is produced in X, Y and sum voltages by QPD at some laser power. On track amplifier can introduce a gain from 1 to 6 to this signal before it is sampled. So there is a need of characterization of QPD for laser power in the trap Vs voltage signal for various laser powers at different gains. This will help me choosing the right laser power in the trap (at right AOM RF-input voltage) and gain for power-spectrum.
My goal is to get a data set for Laser power in the trap (mW) Vs QPD sum signal (mV) at 1x and 2x gain (3x and above saturates the DAQ; maximum detection voltage is 10V). I will do this for two methods:
- Laser power in trap Vs QPD sum signal without trapped bead.
- Laser power in trap Vs


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Where a Ball Ends Up after a Collision
If a moving ball collides with a stationary one, then the moving ball should be replaced along its original trajectory at the point corresponding to the sum of the distances travelled by both balls from the point of collision.
The above result incorporates the assumptions that there is a constant deceleration of the ball1, the collision is elastic (energy is conserved) and the balls have the same weight. A simple proof of why the distance travelled by a ball is proportional to its energy is given in the Appendix.
Under those conditions the distance travelled by a ball is directly proportional to the energy it carries. This is reassuring – hit the ball with twice the energy and it goes twice as far. When the balls collide the energy is shared between them and they each move a distance corresponding to the fraction of the energy they received. Add the distances travelled by the separate balls and it gives you the distance which would have been travelled by the unhindered ball.
It has been noted by Max Hooper who used a mallet-swinging rig, that the method above underestimates the final position of the ball. This is not surprising given the assumptions. The assumption that the collision of the ball is elastic (energy is conserved on collision) is patently false.
The coefficient of restitution (bouncyness) of a croquet ball is defined in the Croquet Laws to lie between 50-75% (6th Edition Laws Appendix 2; a ball must bounce between 30-45" when dropped from 60" on to a defined rigid surface). Consequently 25-50% of the energy is lost during a head-on collision. We know that distance scales with energy hence we should need to multiply the sum of the scattered distances by up to 2 times. The amount of energy available to be transfered between balls during a collision also depends on the geometry.
There is no real problem with the assumptions that both balls weight the same. The final assumption that the balls undergo a constant deceleration (which justifies the 'distance scales with energy') is a rough approximation. A curve fitting was used on experimental data to produce a relationship1. The data is sparse for when the ball is moving slowly (i.e. for short total travel distances = short transit times). It may be that a slowly moving ball decelerates less than a quickly moving ball. Further measurements are needed but the empirical data indicates that the estimate of constant deceleration is good and not likely to have as large an effect on the Simple Theory as the assumption that energy is conserved.
There are additional factors which affect the forces on the balls after collision, some may be non-linear with ball velocity. These include:
All of these will act as 'energy leaks' and hence may make the deceleration dependent on velocity (hence not constant). It is, for example, well known that air resistance scales as the square of velocity. More experimentation is needed.
An Australian System
A system is proposed in the Australian Croquet Association (ACA) Referees Manual (2003, Page B16). I hope I have paraphrased their solution accurately below (thanks to Owen Edwards for the recipe).
As indicated in the caption the Red ball is replaced the distance it was scattered from the point of collision plus two and a half time the distance the Brown ball was scattered. From the above sections in this document it is clear that the multiplication factor (2.5) is an attempt to scale for the energy losses on collision and for what happens subsequently. For certain collision configurations this is plausible.
Consider however the two circumstance below: A) where Red hits Brown almost full on - as in a rush, and B) where Red gives Brown only a slight glancing blow. The situtations are approximatey symmetrical with the balls interchanged.
Case A) is the hardest to reconcile. In the rush-like situation, Brown is boosted almost as far as Red might have travelled. Yet Red gets replaced two and a half times y1 up the lawn. Given the approximate diagrams above it seems unlikely that x1 + (2.5 * y1) = x2+ (2.5 * y2). Experiments have yet to be repeated.
The almost mathematics-free version is:
Energy = force x distance, the force being the resistance of the grass (constant, by assumption). If you start two balls with say half the energy, they each will go half the distance; add the two distances together and it is the same as a single ball with all the energy.
We can attempt to make it appear more thorough by using Newton's Equations of Motion:
Consider a ball rolling along the grass; it will stop when its velocity becomes zero after a time tf – the 'final' time. Putting v = 0 into Eqn. 1 and rearranging;
substitute t= tf in Eqn. 2 and we get the total distance, sf, travelled by the ball:
A little bit of deviousness now in the calculation. We use the standard equation for the initial kinetic energy:
This is the simplification; the ball will hold its energy in both kinetic and rotational energy but those forms are readily inter-convertible. We would be surprised if a ball came to rest but was still spinning!
We can rearrange Eqn. 5 to get u, the initial velocity, in terms of E:
We can now substitute for u2 in Eqn. 4
This result shows that the total distance, sf, is a simple multiple of the initial energy, E. Note that the 'acceleration', a, is negative designating a deceleration due to the friction, etc. against the grass and ground. This yields a positive distance travelled. Another way to phrase it is that the energy decreases linearly with distance.
1. Lawn Speeds: _URL_
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The food in the Golden Circle Area
In the Golden Circle area, agriculture is practiced extensively as there is a great tradition for milk production, vegetable growing where geothermal energy is used, and meat production, sea-fishing from Þorlákshöfn town as well as fishing in rivers and lakes.
Árborg, Flóinn and Ölfus
The sea and agriculture
Þorlákshöfn town possesses an excellent natural harbor and it is close to rich fishing grounds. In the period when rowing boats were used it was common for 30-40 boats to be fishing from Þorlákshöfn and many newcomers stayed there during the fishing season. To this day, the harbor in Þorlákshöfn is the most important link in the town's business activities. There are also restaurants and retail businesses that both tourists and locals enjoy.
Beets are grown in Hraun in Ölfus and there is also dulse picking. In addition to dulse picking in Ölfus, dulse has been used in the municipality of Flóinn for centuries, as many people were employed in dulse picking. People came as far from the east of the county Skaftafellssýsla to buy dulse.
Eyrarbakki town was an important trading place for the whole of the South as well as a fishing station. For a time, Eyrarbakki was the largest town in the country, larger than Reykjavík city, and for a long time, it looked like Eyrarbakki would become the capital of Iceland. Employment has now developed into the service sector and industry. At the beginning of the last century, extensive fish processing and fishing began, and three fish processing companies operated there until the turn of the century. The harbor at Eyrarbakki was closed in 1988 and since then the importance of the fishing industry for the residents' livelihoods has diminished.
The same goes for the town of Stokkseyri. There fishing began just before the turn of the 19th century with a loading dock and a proper pier. Motorboats were the main means of livelihood of the village. After the bridge Óseyrarbrú was built, the harbors in Stokkseyri as well as in Eyrarbakki have been little used. The freezing plant of Stokkseyri, later known as the Cultural Centre Menningarverstöðin, was closed and the building is now used for art and culture and makes a big impression on the town's appearance.
In and around the river Ölfusá, eel fishing was practiced. The South of Iceland is well suited for fishing eel and it can be caught in traps. However, eel fishing has been prohibited since the summer of 2019. In the last century, many things have changed in the district Sandvíkurhreppur, especially farming methods. Sheep farming intensified towards the end of the 19th century. Around the year 1890, sheep were sold to England but stopped after six years. After that, the farming years were difficult until farmers established a creamery. The abattoir Sláturfélag Suðurlands was founded in 1907 and most farmers became founders. After the creameries closed, people began to make the most of selling lambs for slaughter. After the dairy Mjólkurbú Flóamanna was founded in 1929, farmers started selling cow's milk there. Horticulture was only for the home, but beetroot cultivation was done on few farms. As in most places, traditional agriculture has been declining, but the remaining farms are expanding. Most are cow farms, sheep farms are in decline, one is a chicken farm, one pig farm, and one farmer focuses on eider nesting and salmon fishing.
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were many cream and butter farms in Iceland. The creamery at the farm Baugsstaðir was a cooperative and an important part of the surrounding farmers' economy. Its prime was from the beginning of the century until 1920 and it closed in 1952. Butter and cheese were made from cream that farmers brought on horses and most of the production was sold abroad and to Reykjavík.
In the town of Selfoss, there is a strong product processing of southern agriculture and its service. There you can for example find the largest dairy farm in the country and the abattoir, Sláturfélag Suðurlands with deboning and packing stations. The great innovation and product development in the processing of agricultural products in Selfoss can without a doubt be attributed to decades of experience, knowledge, and professionalism in the area. Between the two salmon rivers, Hvítá and Þjórsá lies the municipality Flóinn. In the last century, one of the most important things for Flóinn was the making of the canals Flóaáveitan for irrigation. It covered over 12,000 hectares of land and heralded a major shift in farming and employment in the area. Agriculture is still the main industry in the region with growing tourism opportunities.
Greenhouse farming
Around 1929, the village Hveragerði began to form after a co-operation for the dairy Mjólkurbú Ölfusinga was established. At the same time, green farming began, and various attempts were made to utilize heat that is a characteristic of the town. Having a geothermal area in the center of the town is unique nationwide. Examples of the utilization of geothermal energy include a seaweed flour factory where seaweed flour was produced. The first students graduated from the state's Horticultural School in Reykir in 1941. Many horticultural centers were built in the following years and Reykjavík residents began to get used to visiting Hveragerði to buy horticultural products. In 1946, the bakery Hverabakarí began its operations, now called Almar Bakari bakery. To this day, steam is used for baking in Hveragerði.
In the past, hot springs were stigmatized as accident traps for people and animals. Foreign gardeners, however, saw potential in using the hot water, and from 1900 and onwards, individuals and hobby groups began to make various cultivation experiments. The establishment of the state's Horticultural School accelerated the development of horticulture in Iceland, where important activities are underway, as our future is based, among other things, on utilizing the resources that the country has to offer.
The state's Horticultural School, which is now part of the Agricultural University of Iceland, is still operated in Reykir in Hveragerði. It is open to the public on the first day of summer of every year and there you can see exotic tropical plants, such as cocoa and banana plants. The banana crop is about a ton a year, it cannot be sold and therefore employees and students benefit from it.
The skyr making factory, Skyrgerðin in Hveragerði, was built in 1930 and was the first of its kind in Iceland. The unique Icelandic dairy product Skyr was the main product, but also the first yogurt in Iceland was produced there, called healthy milk. Today, skyr is still produced there the old-fashioned way and it is used in cooking, baking, and for mixed drinks at the restaurant Skyrgerðin.
In addition to vegetable production and flower production, one of the largest ice cream producers in the country is in Hveragerði, the family company Kjörís, which started operations in 1969.
Upcountry Árnessýsla
Geothermal energy, agriculture, and organic farming
There is a lot of geothermal energy in the upcountry of South Iceland, and it is a prerequisite for development in the area. In the 1940s, the awakening about horticulture in Iceland began and the development of horticultural centers. Horticulture is the largest in the South or about 67% in terms of operating income. Pumice from the volcano Hekla is also widely used, along with geothermal and environmentally friendly production where no toxins are used, and bees fertilize plants. Daily fresh products are sent out to consumers.
In earlier years, hot springs were used for cooking and coffee making. You can still see the areas where the hot springs were used for cooking and baking, and special utensils were used for this purpose. Early on, people began to use the hot water to heat houses, for greenhouses, and for bathing, a great bathing/swimming pool culture is in the area.
The village Flúðir was formed due to the geothermal energy in the area. There you can find the oldest swimming pool in Iceland and before that the area was a bathing place for centuries. A school in Flúðir was established where it was possible to use a hot spring to cook for school children. Iceland's largest mushroom farm is in Flúðir. The farm Flúðasveppir grows organic mushrooms from Icelandic ingredients. There are many horticultural stations in Flúðir, family businesses that engage in both horticulture and outdoor cultivation of vegetables.
The settlements Laugarvatn, Laugarás, and Reykholt were also formed due to the geothermal heat. It was decided that the district school would be located at Laugarvatn due to the geothermal heat there, and from there the village developed into an educational center for all school levels. Bread is baked in hot springs down by the lake Laugarvatn. Fishing is also possible in nearby rivers and lakes


text:
Maria Matheidesz has extensive FL teaching and teacher training experience.
Her professional expertise also includes:
- educational institution management (both of a language school and of an institution specialised in professional and vocational training);
- management training and inspector training;
- development of management and inspector training materials
- project management and international consultancy in domains such as quality assurance, educational organisation management, academic management.
Maria has participated on the co-ordinating team of the 1st medium-term project "Quality Assurance and Self-assessment for Schools and Teachers" and is one of the co-authors of the CD ROM "Quality Management in Language Education".
Maria's current role as EAQUALS Operations Manager involves organsing inspections, offering consultancy to language schools, as well the development of relevant quality management and inspector training guide books.
Maria's envisaged role in the project team will include:
- dissemination activities, (co-)organising and (co-)facilitation of workshops,
- networking to identify potential target audiences of multipliers for cascading events;
- co-operating with the other team members on carrying out needs analysis in preparation for WSs and adaptation of QualiTraining workshop materials for implementation in various educational contexts;
- a leading role in disseminating "QualiTraining" processes and outcomes in the EAQUALS context;
- with the other team members, developing tools for evaluating training events, and carrying out small-scale feasibility studies and action research, to explore the specificity of introducing "QualiTraining" concepts and materials in various educational contexts, and - as appropriate - to contribute to the publishing of research outcomes in specialised journals for dissemination to a wider public.


text:
Social Science & Medicine, forthcoming
As natural experiments, famines provide a unique opportunity to test the health consequences of nutritional deprivation during the critical period of early life. Using data on 4,972 Chinese born between 1956 and 1963 who participated in a large mental health epidemiology survey conducted between 2001 and 2005, we investigated the potential impact of famine exposure in utero and during the early postnatal life on adult mental illness. The risk of mental illness was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and eight other risk factors, and the famine impact on adult mental illness was estimated by difference-in-difference models. Results show that compared with women born in 1963, women born during the famine years (_PHONE_) had higher GHQ scores (increased by 0.95 points; CI: 0.26, 1.65) and increased risk of mental illness (OR= 2.80; CI: 1.23, 6.39); those born in 1959 were the most affected and had GHQ scores 1.52 points higher (CI: 0.42, 2.63) and an OR for mental illness of 4.99 (CI: 1.68, 14.84). Compared to men in the 1963 birth cohort, men born during the famine had lower GHQ scores (decreased by 0.89 points; CI: -1.59, -0.20) and a nonsignificant decrease in the risk of mental illness (OR = 0.60; CI: 0.26, 1.40). We speculate that the long-term consequences of early-life famine exposure include both the selection of the hardiest and the enduring deleterious effects of famine on those who survive. The greater biological vulnerability and stronger natural selection in utero of male versus female fetuses during severe famine may result in a stronger selection effect among men than women, obscuring the deleterious impact of famine exposure on the risk of mental illness in men later in life.


How Twitter Users Can Generate Better Ideas Case Solution
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The New Zealand social emergency created by National
As we move further into the first term of the new Government, it is starting to become clear that there is a significant crisis in New Zealand society. The issues fuelling this crisis are numerous and varied, and none started on the watch of the recently ousted National-led Government. But in nine years in office these symptoms advanced far enough that combined they now pose an immediate and direct threat to New Zealand society.
National has in effect created a social emergency. The failure to address despite repeated warnings that there were problem emerging with housing, health, social welfare and justice have combined to create conditions where the so called market has left behind sections of New Zealand society whose deprivation is feeding social decay.
The conditions created consist of a combination of contributing factors. They include but are not limited to:
 - Drug addled neighbourhoods with police struggling to contain the epidemic of methamphetamine, synthetic cannabis and other harmful substances
 - Absentee parents/caregivers and a break down of parental/caregiver responsibility
 - Rampant truancy and young people leaving school with no qualifications, and no jobs or training to go to
 - School children living in inadequate housing, constantly having to move and living in conditions that are not compliant with basic human rights or housing law
 - Housing rents eating up money for food, clothes, medical expense – children go to school hungry and/or distracted
The problems start in the home or at school, but often end in a police cell. The following is a brief synopsis of how a person might go downhill. I am not suggesting that all people in such circumstances will experience this – indeed there are many fantastic parents who care very much, who go without themselves and try to be a positive influence in their child's life, but in socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods, this is a real issue.
In the first instance at home or school, they have no food and often start the day on an empty stomach, are irritable or distracted. A failure to be settled in one spot for any length of time will mean the child has trouble settling in at school, distracted by problems at home. Over time this may fuel other problems, because the student will start getting into trouble, picking fights, associating with the wrong crowd. At home the parent/caregiver might be working long hours to make sure there is enough money to pay rent and will not be at home at critical times such as when they have homework or need underage supervision, so the children start misbehaving. At school the teachers realize that the person or people in question have a discipline problem. Homework is not being done, and the student is disruptive, argumentative. It begins to escalate with children missing school and truancy officers picking them up. At this point, the child is at an intersection in their life. At this stage the choice is stark. The child unless there is substantial intervention by the parent, the school and potentially social social workers will either leave or wind up being expelled from school with poor prospects for the future.
It never needed to be like this. And the long term cost to society, the economy and the people who know the child are substantial. If s/he devolves into drugs, then a life of crime and prison awaits. If s/he tries to turn themselves around their past – especially if a criminal history is involved – may catch up with them and hinder their future development.
This is why there is a significant and dangerous poverty issue in New Zealand. It has the potential to fuel illegal substances, crime, violence and gangs, none of which are welcome or wanted. All of which are horrendously destructive and all of which we need to shut down.
2 thoughts on "The New Zealand social emergency created by National
 1. You are quite right Robert in your essay, but you have described the ideal situation for children as a wealthy Pakeha one.
 Everyone wants the best for their Children and yes, you have described the failings.
 Commentators say that we should pay better wages, the living wage. Now that does not mean that that extra money will be spent responsibly, on food, clothing and school materials, nor might it cover more than the rent.
 You say that parents should help with homwork. Now many immigrant parents are unable to do that because of migrant language difficulties, and many parents simply do not have enough education themselves to be able to help.
 You say the the families move their accomodation often.
 How should we fix this?
 I contend that we should have a Pacific solution.
 Provide state housing accomodation for whanau rather than nuclear family. Older generations present for guidance and supervision. More adults to contribute to rent. More flexibility for wage earners to be away from home.
 Provide FREE before and after school sessions, with quality FOOD for All children in need. Kids start school with a meal, homework is seen to after school. Kids are supervised while parents are still at work. Added benefit of jobs for young people helping here as the job does not need university trained educational qualifications.
 Yes, I know the operational grant for schools would have to be increased, but that is a pragmatic solution.
 2. Now, I cannot see why the premises af all schools, which are already paid for, by the taxpayer, should not be used before 8.30 or 9am and after 2.30, 3, or 3.30 pm etc.
 And schools in the UK provide a meal for their school children, why not us?
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9th Canadian Science Policy Conference
Because 2017 is Canada's 150th Anniversary, the CSPC themes are being structured within the following context:
 - How effectively have we used science-based knowledge to meet Canada's challenges over the past 150 years and also today?
 - How should we use science-based knowledge more effectively over the next 50 years to meet Canada's challenges?
The five themes of CSPC 2017 are:
 1. What are Canada's likely challenges in the next 50 years, and how can scientific knowledge be used to solve them?
 2. How does Canada get the new scientific knowledge it needs?
 3. How do we strengthen the environment for the production and integration of new scientific knowledge?
 4. How can we more effectively bring new and existing scientific knowledge to bear on Canada's challenges?
 5. How do we engage the public in Canada's science system?
For more information, click here.


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Something like 'Optionality' or 'Ordinality'? (It's similar in kind to the words "Arity" and "Cardinality")
Example: "Fred listed the XXXity of each parameter, noting whether it was optional or mandatory"
Follow-up question: What part of speech is this?
share|improve this question
Optionality is obviously a noun (you are even using it with a definite article in your example) and is included as such in several dictionaries (Wiktionary, Merriam-Webster, Collins). And in fact some dictionaries have a dedicated entry for the suffix -ity. – RegDwigнt Apr 4 '13 at 10:16
I see - as in "noun referring to a state or quality"... so there isn't a specific word for this? – Richard Inglis Apr 4 '13 at 10:32
How about 'Necessity'? Does a thesaurus help? – Mitch Apr 4 '13 at 12:00
Are looking for a part of speech more refined than 'noun'? You're looking for an abstract concept but there's nothing grammatically special about that. – Mitch Apr 4 '13 at 12:03
2 Answers 2
There are a few recently contrived words that try to do this; optionality is indeed used from time to time, and I've seen things like mandatoriness too. But actually there are some more established words that do the same job.
Of course, optional-ness is actually binary - something is either optional or mandatory. Therefore the quality of optionality/optional-ness is actually the same as the quality of mandatory-ness or compulsory-ness, just with the polarity reversed.
All of which is a fairly long winded way for me to get around to saying this:
I think the word you're looking for is the noun, necessity.
share|improve this answer
+1 for necessity – Canis Lupus Apr 4 '13 at 12:12
It appears that Ordinality is used in this sense (even though it has a more normal meaning of 'ordering'). Maybe this is verging on jargon.
For example: "Ordinality is a property that indicates whether an entity instance is mandatory"
(from: 'Oracle SQL and Pl/SQL Handbook: A Guide for Data Administrators, Developers')
share|improve this answer
Naming of database properties isn't always a guide to good English usage. – DJClayworth Apr 4 '13 at 16:55
Agreed, but in this case the context happened to be appropriate :) – Richard Inglis Apr 4 '13 at 21:50
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On Thursday, December 8, Pulitzer Prize–winning authors Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith will give a free lecture (and booksigning) on their acclaimed new biography, Van Gogh: The Life, at 6:00 in the Art Institute's Fullerton Hall. In their talk, the authors present surprising new discoveries, including a shocking new conclusion to the life of this great Post-Impressionist painter.
And how well do you know the tempestuous life of this famous—or infamous—artist? The first person to answer the following questions (from the book, natch) correctly wins two tickets to the museum for free access to the lecture. Leave it in the comments!
1. In the van Gogh-Carbentus family tree, how many Vincent van Goghs preceded Vincent Willem van Gogh?
2. What was van Gogh's first job title?
3. Van Gogh once put his hand into the flame of a lamp and said he would keep his hand in the flame until:
4. Beginning in 1885 while in Antwerp, van Gogh began collecting these objects to decorate his studio.
5. Naifeh and Smith attribute the famous roommate drama between van Gogh and Gauguin in Arles to many things, but what, according to Naifeh and Smith, might have pushed relations between the two roommates over the edge?


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Bourdieu's construct of the field of power has received relatively little attention despite its novelty and theoretical potential. This paper explores the meaning and implications of the construct, and integrates it into a wider conception of the formation and functioning of elites at the highest level in society. Drawing on an extensive dataset profiling the careers of members of the French business elite, it compares and contrasts those who enter the field of power with those who fail to qualify for membership, exploring why some succeed as hyper-agents while others do not. The alliance of social origin and educational attainment, class and meritocracy, emerges as particularly compelling. The field of power is shown to be relatively variegated and fluid, connecting agents from different life worlds. Methodologically, this paper connects biographical data of top French directors with the field of power in France in a novel way, while presenting an operationalization of Bourdieu's concept of the field of power as applied to the French elite.
|Title of host publication||Elites on Trial|
|Editors||G. Morgan, P. Hirsch, S. Quack|
|Place of Publication||Bingley, U. K.|
|Publisher||Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.|
|Number of pages||31|
|Publication status||Published - 2015|
|Name||Research in the Sociology of Organizations|
- Bourdieu, elite careers, field of power, French business elites, hyper-agency, power
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'Business elites and the field of power in France'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
- Management - Associate Dean (Faculty)
- Strategy & Organisation
- Centre for Business, Organisations and Society (CBOS)
Person: Research & Teaching


Fujitsu Kei
K improves efficiency by fine-tuning the power supply voltage of each and every CPU. According to the researchers, this type of customization was necessary to deal with the rise in CPU manufacturing variation; such variances can lead to significant differences in power consumption and operating temperature. As a result, researchers were able to reduce CPU power consumption by an average of 7W per chip.
Kei computer water-cooling
7W per core may not sound like much on a per-system basis, or even in a mid-sized server room. In the K's case, such analysis knocked around one megawatt off the system's total power consumption and reduced the annual operating cost by $1 million. The systems are also water cooled (water being substantially more efficient than air), which helps reduce costs and improve performance.
Expect to see more of this type of optimization in the future — a lot more. The work the K team did in hand-tuning power supply voltages per physical CPU is exactly the sort of technique we expect to see adopted, potentially at every level. One of the issues plaguing semiconductor design teams is that as process nodes shrink, manufacturing variances become increasingly problematic; a tiny number of sub-optimal variances can lead to dramatically higher power consumption if they occur in the wrong places. This is one issue that Moore's law-style transistor density actually exacerbates; the more transistors per die, the greater the chance of flaws in the manufacturing process.
While DARPA will undoubtedly be interested in applying these lessons to its own exascale computing initiative, we'd be surprised if mobile manufacturers weren't taking their own notes. With transistor power consumption bottoming out as voltages approach minimum thresholds, power savings through optimizing other parts of the delivery system will be a prime target and a means of product differentiation.


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Tuesday 18 June
Grey matplant (Tiquilia nesiotica)
Grey matplant fact file
- Find out more
- Print factsheet
Grey matplant description
Growing in sparsely distributed clumps, Tiquilia nesiotica is one of the few plants that can tolerate the arid, ash-covered volcano slopes of the Galapagos (2). This species is a low-growing, small shrub, which spreads itself along the ground, forming a mat-like structure. Tiny, light-coloured hairs found on the stems and leaves reflect sunlight, giving this species a grey, rather than green, appearance (3). The base of Tiquilia nesiotica is woody (4), and clusters of small leaves grow from the ends and joints of the twigs, with tiny white flowers hidden amongst them (2).Top
Grey matplant biology
In order to survive in its harsh environment, Tiquilia nesiotica has evolved various strategies. Competition for water forces the individual plants to grow widely spaced apart, spreading their roots horizontally beneath the surface to maximise the uptake of any available moisture. Like many plants in arid regions, the small leaves and grey appearance of Tiquilia nesiotica are adaptations to reduce the amount of heat the plant receives, preventing damage to its photosynthetic tissue and reducing moisture loss (3). As one of the few plants able to colonise the barren volcanic slopes of the Galapagos, Tiquilia nesiotica plays an important ecological role, as its roots stabilise the loose, ashy soil (5), its flowers provide food for lava lizards, and its pollen and nectar are a source of nutrition for insects (2).Top
Grey matplant rangeTop
Grey matplant habitat
Tiquilia nesiotica occupies the arid zone of the Galapagos, an inland area that stays extremely dry for most of the year, where it mainly grows on the ash-covered slopes of volcanoes (2).Top
Grey matplant status
Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1).Top
Grey matplant threats
With its restricted range, and populations clustered around the slopes of a small number of volcanoes, it is possible that, in the future, the effects of human activities or unforeseeable natural events could rapidly cause Tiquilia nesiotica to become Critically Endangered or even Extinct (1). One obvious human-induced threat to this species is people climbing the scenic volcanoes that it grows upon, causing disturbance to the loose substrate and thereby destroying the plants (6).Top
Grey matplant conservation
The Galapagos National Institute (INGALA) employs a number of measures to reduce the impact of tourists on the Galapagos' environment. Regulations for tourist conduct are well enforced and trails and walkways are provided to prevent degradation and destruction of the local wildlife (7). Nevertheless, threats to the Galapagos such as introduced species and increased demand for resources are ongoing, and continuous conservation action is required in order to preserve the islands' unique environment (8).Top
Find out more
To learn more about conservation in the Galapagos visit:
- The Galapagos Conservation Trust:
AuthenticationThis information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact: _EMAIL_
- A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
- Plant tissue capable of photosynthesis, a metabolic process in which carbon dioxide is broken down, using energy from sunlight absorbed by the green pigment chlorophyll. Organic compounds are made and oxygen is given off as a by-product.
- IUCN Red List (April, 2008)
- Jackson, M.H. (2001) Galapagos: A Natural History. University of Calgary Press, Calgary.
- Williams, E.H. (2005) The Nature Handbook: A Guide to Observing the Great Outdoors. Oxford University Press US, New York.
- Horwell, D. and Oxford, P. (1999) Galapagos Wildlife: A Visitor's Guide. Bradt Travel Guides, Chalfont St. Peter.
- Stephenson, M. (2000) The Galapagos Islands: The Essential Handbook for Exploring, Enjoying & Understanding Darwin's Enchanted Islands. The Mountaineers Books, Washington.
- Kricher, J.C. (2006) Galapagos: A Natural History. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
- The Galapagos National Institute (October, 2008)
- The Galapagos Conservation Trust (October, 2008)
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The denotative meaning of the phrase "under the sun" in Ecclesiastes is "on earth," and this is neutral in meaning. Something being "under the sun" just means it is on the earth. Indeed, "within the realm of God's dominion" would fit there.
However, words and phrase also have connotative meanings that flow out of context and depending on the speaker. For example, the denotative meaning of "home" is "where you live." The connotative meaning for you might be one of security.
When we consider "under the sun" based on the generally negative tone of Ecclesiastes, we see a negative side to the phrase. When we further consider that "under the sun" would be synonymous with "under heaven" and heaven is the realm of God, we can easily arrive at a connotative meaning of "without God." But on further reflection, a better understanding would be "the physical world." It must be remembered that this is contrasted to the spiritual world, above the sun.
Ecclesiastes 1:3 What advantage does man have in all his work Which he does [in the physical world]?
Ecc 1:9 That which has been is that which will be, And that which has been done is that which will be done. So there is nothing new [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 1:14 I have seen all the works which have been done [in the physical world], and behold, all is vanity and striving after wind.
Ecclesiastes 2:11 Thus I considered all my activities which my hands had done and the labor which I had exerted, and behold all was vanity and striving after wind and there was no profit [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 2:17 So I hated life, for the work which had been done [in the physical world] was grievous to me; because everything is futility and striving after wind.
Ecclesiastes 2:18 [ The Futility of Labor ] Thus I hated all the fruit of my labor for which I had labored [in the physical world], for I must leave it to the man who will come after me.
Ecclesiastes 2:20 Therefore I completely despaired of all the fruit of my labor for which I had labored [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 2:22 For what does a man get in all his labor and in his striving with which he labors [in the physical world]?
Ecclesiastes 3:16 ¶ Furthermore, I have seen [in the physical world] that in the place of justice there is wickedness and in the place of righteousness there is wickedness.
Ecclesiastes 4:1 [ The Evils of Oppression ] Then I looked again at all the acts of oppression which were being done [in the physical world]. And behold I saw the tears of the oppressed and that they had no one to comfort them; and on the side of their oppressors was power, but they had no one to comfort them.
Ecclesiastes 4:3 But better off than both of them is the one who has never existed, who has never seen the evil activity that is done [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 4:7 Then I looked again at vanity [in the physical world]. 8 There was a certain man without a dependent, having neither a son nor a brother, yet there was no end to all his labor. Indeed, his eyes were not satisfied with riches and he never asked, "And for whom am I laboring and depriving myself of pleasure?" This too is vanity and it is a grievous task.
Ecclesiastes 4:15 I have seen all the living [in the physical world] throng to the side of the second lad who replaces him.
Ecclesiastes 5:13 There is a grievous evil which I have seen [in the physical world]: riches being hoarded by their owner to his hurt.
Ecclesiastes 5:18 Here is what I have seen to be good and fitting: to eat, to drink and enjoy oneself in all one's labor in which he toils [in the physical world] during the few years of his life which God has given him; for this is his reward.
Ecclesiastes 6:1 [ The Futility of Life ] There is an evil which I have seen [in the physical world] and it is prevalent among men—
Ecclesiastes 6:12 For who knows what is good for a man during his lifetime, during the few years of his futile life? He will spend them like a shadow. For who can tell a man what will be after him [in the physical world]?
Ecclesiastes 8:9 All this I have seen and applied my mind to every deed that has been done [in the physical world] wherein a man has exercised authority over another man to his hurt.
Ecclesiastes 8:15 So I commended pleasure, for there is nothing good for a man [without God] except to eat and to drink and to be merry, and this will stand by him in his toils throughout the days of his life which God has given him [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 8:17 and I saw every work of God, I concluded that man cannot discover the work which has been done [in the physical world]. Even though man should seek laboriously, he will not discover; and though the wise man should say, "I know," he cannot discover.
Ecclesiastes 9:3 This is an evil in all that is done [in the physical world], that there is one fate for all men. Furthermore, the hearts of the sons of men are full of evil and insanity is in their hearts throughout their lives. Afterwards they go to the dead.
Ecclesiastes 9:6 Indeed their love, their hate and their zeal have already perished, and they will no longer have a share in all that is done [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 9:9 Enjoy life with the woman whom you love all the days of your fleeting life which He has given to you [in the physical world]; for this is your reward in life and in your toil in which you have labored [in the physical world].
Ecclesiastes 9:11 ¶ I again saw [in the physical world] that the race is not to the swift and the battle is not to the warriors, and neither is bread to the wise nor wealth to the discerning nor favor to men of ability; for time and chance overtake them all.
Ecclesiastes 9:13 Also this I came to see as wisdom [in the physical world], and it impressed me.
14 There was a small city with few men in it and a great king came to it, surrounded it and constructed large siegeworks against it. 15 But there was found in it a poor wise man and he delivered the city by his wisdom. Yet no one remembered that poor man. 16 So I said, "Wisdom is better than strength." But the wisdom of the poor man is despised and his words are not heeded. 17 The words of the wise heard in quietness are better than the shouting of a ruler among fools. 18 Wisdom is better than weapons of war, but one sinner destroys much good.
Ecclesiastes 10:5 There is an evil I have seen [in the physical world], like an error which goes forth from the ruler—
This connotative meaning works throughout the book whereas "without God" has places where it does not work.
"Of the physical world" is not quite the same as "without God", but it should be remembered that it contrasts to "the spiritual world."


BUCHI Update on SARS-CoV2 (Corona)
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Graphene-based composites for lithium batteries by spray drying
Mini Spray Dryer B-290
Graphene, a thin, hexagonal lattice material, has attracted a great deal of research interest since it was first reported in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester. With this work, the two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. Graphene has many interesting features such as high electric conductivity, superior mechanical properties, excellent chemical tolerance, and high surface area. The theoretical specific surface area is 2630 m2/g which is much larger than carbon black (typically smaller than 900 m2/g) or carbon nanotubes (from 100 to 1000 m2/g).
Its strenghts shows graphene as a functional composite for rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs). LIBs are the common type of energy storage systems, however, in the current situation they exhibit a relatively low electric conductivity and short cycle-life. In order to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries, much research has focused on the development of both anode and cathode materials. Various graphene-based composites have been prepared, such as TiO2/graphene, Co3O4/graphene, SnO2/graphene, Co(OH)2/graphene, Mn3O4/graphene, Li4Ti5O12/graphene, Fe3O4/graphene, LiFePO4/graphene, etc., showing superior performance to current anodes.
In this application note, the important step to obtain graphene-based composites using the BUCHI Mini Spray Dryer will be highlighted.


Vegetable pizza
Vegetable pizza
Known as pizza all'ortolana (pizza with things from the vegetable garden), this vegetable pizza is finished with dots of pesto that you add just before serving. It's important the vegetables are cut thinly – a peeler does this job well.
Half a pizza provides 855 kcal, 21g protein, 102.5g carbohydrates (of which 7.5g sugars), 36.5g fat (of which 7.5g saturates), 7.5g fibre and 2.9g salt.
For the dough
For the topping
For the pesto
To garnish (optional)
 - fresh basil leaves, courgette flowers or raddichio
 - grated parmesan
 1. To make the dough, dissolve the yeast in 300ml/½ pint of room temperature water and add the sugar. Leave in a warm spot for 10 minutes, during which time it should start to bubble gently.
 2. Place the flours in a mixing bowl and mix in half the yeast liquid. Add the salt and oil and mix again before adding the rest of the liquid. Continue to work the ingredients together to form a soft dough.
 3. Rub your hands and work surface with olive oil and turn out the dough. Knead, using the heel of your hand to fold the dough up and over itself, for 3 minutes. Put the dough in a clean, lightly oiled bowl, cover with a cloth and leave to sit in a warm place for 2 hours or until it doubles in size.
 4. Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface and cut in two, then tuck the corners under to make neat balls. Put on a tray, cover with clingfilm and leave to sit for another 20 minutes.
 5. Preheat the oven to 250C/230C Fan/Gas 9 (or as hot as your oven will go).
 6. To make the topping, prepare the vegetables by cutting the pepper into slender strips and using a peeler to make ribbons of courgette and aubergine. Put all the vegetables all in a bowl and toss with salt and olive oil.
 7. To make the pesto, put the almonds, garlic, basil and oil in a blender and blend to a chunky sauce. Stir in the grated parmesan and season with salt to taste.
 8. Roll the balls of dough into thin pizza bases and lift onto large baking trays. Dip your fingertips in oil and then dimple the dough by lightly pressing your fingertips onto the surface.
 9. Spread the tomato sauce or passata over the circles leaving the edges uncovered. Divide the vegetables between the pizzas, pressing them down so they are sitting on the dough and drizzle with oil.
 10. Bake in the middle of the oven for 15 minutes, or until the dough is golden and the vegetables browning at their edges.
 11. Dot the cooked pizzas with pesto and return to the oven for a minute. Garnish with torn basil leaves, courgette flowers, ribbons of raddichio rubbed with oil or a handful of grated parmesan, if you like.
Recipe Tips
This straightforward pizza dough produces a pizza that is somewhere between a thin and crisp edged Roman pizza and the plumper bordered Neapolitan one. It is not a wet dough, but kneading with oily hands on an oily work top is both satisfying and prevents the incorporation of too much extra flour. It also lends flavour and helps give deep colour as it bakes.


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Seasonal Recharge Components in an Urban/Agricultural Mountain Front Aquifer System Using Noble Gas Thermometry
Thirteen noble gas samples were collected from eleven wells and two mountain springs in the Treasure Valley, Idaho, USA to derive recharge temperatures using noble gas thermometry. One common assumption with noble gas thermometry is that recharge temperatures are roughly equal to the mean annual surface temperature. When water table depths are shallow or variable, or infiltration is seasonal recharge temperatures may be significantly different from the mean annual surface temperature. Water table depths throughout the study area were used to estimate recharge source temperatures using an infiltration-weighted recharge temperature model which takes into account a time-variable water table. This model was applied to six different seasonally-dependent recharge scenarios. The modeled recharge temperatures for all scenarios showed a strong dependence of recharge temperature on mean annual depth to water. Temperature results from the different recharge scenarios ranged from near the mean annual surface temperature to as much as 6 °C warmer. This compared well to noble gas derived recharge temperatures from the valley wells which ranged from 5 °C below to 7.4 °C above the mean annual surface temperature of the valley. Cooler temperatures suggest an influence of recharge through the adjacent mountain block while warmer temperatures suggest an influence from summer irrigation.
Thoma, Michael J.; McNamara, James P.; and Benner, Shawn G.. (2011). "Seasonal Recharge Components in an Urban/Agricultural Mountain Front Aquifer System Using Noble Gas Thermometry". Journal of Hydrology, 409(1-2), 118-127. _URL_


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Site HTML Organization
The above list of areas gave a general outline of how Weaver Xtreme organizes the HTML of a site. It can be useful to have a more specific and technical understanding of site layout.
For more advanced customization of your site, learning how how the various parts of the site are
organized can be essential. Not surprisingly, Weaver Xtreme relies heavily on
the basics of HTML s and the "Cascading" part of CSS. The following diagram illustrates the cascading nesting
of the Weaver Xtreme design.


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Teach young children the science of color with this unique lightbased color mixing tool. Use the peg board and translucent pegs along with the activity sheets to mix color right on our Educational Light Cube. The light shines through the activity sheets and illuminates the pegs which allows the colors to interact. Content: 4 peg boards 15 x 15 cm, 600 pegs (red, yellow, blue, green, purple, orange and 12 colour mixing activity sheets.
Arts and crafts