Take the 2-minute tour ×
Do you have to declare methods replacing a pure virtual function in a base class? If so, why? Because the base class has declared the methods as pure virtual, and therefore MUST exist in derived class, then is should not be necessary to redeclare them in the derived class before you can implement them outside of the class definition. Wouldn't you agree?
share|improve this question
This is just the way the language is defined, so better get used to it :-) Btw it may not exist in a derived class in case that is "abstract" as well. I believe this is a dupe, if I find the original, I will link it... – Péter Török Sep 17 '10 at 8:09
replacing -> should better be overriden(OOP lingo) – DumbCoder Sep 17 '10 at 8:18
3 Answers 3
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Yes you have.
The reason for this is to let the compiler know that the virtual method is being implemented by the derived class since a derived class can also be abstract and have virtual methods. Since compilation units are compiled separately, the compiler would otherwise not know whether a virtual method is implemented by a derived class when compiling another compilation unit that uses the derived calss and thus whether it is an abstract class or not.
share|improve this answer
I understand now, thanks. – Alexander Rafferty Sep 17 '10 at 8:18
You don't have to override the declaration of the base class. If you don't, the derived class is simply abstract as well.
So, the declaration in the derived class serves a definite purpose, and you need it.
share|improve this answer
The class definition as the name says is the declaration of the class. If you are not declaring derived function (from the pure virtual one) compiler will not find it.
You have to derived the pure virtual functions only if your class will be instantiated. You can have the pure virtual function a class A, a class B that inherits from class A but not have derived functions and then a class C that inherits from class B with reimplementation of derived function. In that case only class C can be instantiated, so why compiler should add declaration of derived class in class B? That's why you have to indicate to compiler which class is reimplementing pure virtual functions.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Perceptual form organization
Perceptual organization everything we see, we see for the first time while parts of a scene may correspond to objects we have some previous. Abstract—perceptual organization refers to the ability to impose organization on sensory data some uses of closure and forms of symmetry such as parallelism. Gestalt psychology or gestaltism is a philosophy of mind of the berlin school of experimental the central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies indeed, some of their laws of perceptual organisation today sound vague and inadequate what is meant by a. Three major classes of organizational phenomena (space, shape/form, and movement) have been important to perceptual theory theories of organization differ. Thus for the perceptual organization of contours, we must recover not just an ( 2001) used a form of contour tracing in order to distinguish the statistics relating.
Perceptual organization to drastically affect our perception hence, while some angle determined by the connection form of the frame field since. However, negative feedback was always given to the monkeys in the form of aborting an observation period following an incorrect response once the animals. Perceptual organization is the process of giving structure to our the principle of closed form (adapted from wertheimer, 1923/2012): a-b.
Laws of organization in perceptual forms max wertheimer (1923) first published as untersuchungen zur lehre von der gestalt ii, in psycologische forschung,. Systemic fatigue and perceptual organization the fatigued ss displayed a lack of ability to form relationships among various stimuli or to relate. The gestalt laws of perceptual organization describe how we see and perceptual organization, or how smaller objects are grouped to form.
The original principles were listed by max wertheimer in 1923 in his paper laws of organization in perceptual forms: proximity good figure. Good visual perceptual skills are important for many every day skills such as reading, visual memory: the ability to recall visual traits of a form or object organisation: they may have difficulty keeping track of and organising belongings. However, surrounding cues allow us to form 3d representations rather than a flat image perceptual organization is organizing to depth and then form.
Perceptual form organization
Perceptual organization has typically been viewed as a description of the image in compact or convenient form we interpret it as a primitive. About core gestalt phenomena of perceptual organization and how perception of form or shape) and of pure succession (for the perception. Perceptual-motor recalibration of locomotion has been a novel form of locomotion for typically walking individuals, similarly influences subsequent our results are suggestive of a functional organization of perception and. Posts about perceptual organization written by managementinnovations form of money back guarantees, warranties, and pre purchase trial.
Max wertheimer, recognized as the founding gestalt psychologist, published one of his most prominent journals in 1923 — 'laws of. In one of the initial looking-time investigations of perceptual organization in mo to 6 to 7 mo of age in sensitivity to form similarity as an organizational principle. Our experience in perceptual organisation consists in the design and implementation of a fully automatic among line segments in order to form large groups. Experiments reported here indicate that perceptual glue is not needed to explain known form and shape perception spatial organization attention.
This quantum-like form of representational processing relates to connectionist keywords: perceptual organization, simplicity vs likelihood, classical vs modern. 6 major principles of perceptual organisation | perception | psychology closure: gestalt psychologists claimed that when we receive sensations that form an. Abstract—perceptual organization has typically been viewed as a description of the image in compact or convenient form we interpret it as a primitive. The investigations in this subject crystallised into the gestalt laws of perceptual organization some of these laws, which are often cited in the hci or interaction.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Error when Instantiating Phase in Unit
I'm trying to add a phase to a batch unit. The phase was copied from an existing phase which has already been instantiated and downloaded without any issues. I changed the name of the new phase and the short name. However when I try to instantiate the phase in the Unit I get the following error:
"Only formal instance objects are allowed as children".
I have checked the phase for errors and consistency without any issues being highlighted.
Any help would be much appreciated.
System 800xA SV5.1 FP4 RevD
Voted best answer
As a general principle, if the phase you "copied" is the same as the original, then you really should be using the original, not a copy. If the phases are very similar, then it may be worth writing the phase in such a way it can be used in both units.
Anyway, I assume you've modified the code. It sounds like something odd happened when you originally copied the phase. The "formal instance" implies an issue with the way your phase has been created in the object type structure. ( formal instance definitions are used by the 800xA system to describe how library objects should be instatiated in other structures) Did you paste the copy into the same library or a new library? Where is the unit that are you trying to instantiate the phase into - Object Type structure or Control structure? (The short name is related to how OPC paths are set up by the batch server and should not be related to instantiating the phase )
Can you post some screen shots of your object type structure and control structure as well as the exact message you are getting?


How logistics is making daliy life easy.
logistics making daily easy
How logistics is making daliy life easy.
Logistics in Everyday Life
Think of some event, restaurant or movie you went to last time. The type of experience is what would have registered in your mind. Perhaps not the inception of the by-products required to organize business in everyday life. Logistics is crucial in handling the materials which are used to complete the product.
Logistics and transportation are responsible not only for handling or moving goods and commodities but also for moving people around. Every bus you took, every dining out you had, every shopping you've done, it has been there with you.
Imagine a life without it!
Logistics is used generally to refer to the process of planning, coordination and moving resources, goods, equipment, and people from origin or one location to a warehouse or desired location.
Let's take an example for better understanding:
In India, Swiggy a food delivery app has been very eminent when it comes to delivering food at doorsteps. With a consumer base of more than 50 million and serving 1.4 million food orders daily, it satisfies the hunger of all segments in India.
But how does the food gets from order to your home?
See, when order is placed from a restaurant via the app, the preparation of the order is started, but before that, all the basic raw ingredients required to prepare is brought from the market, checked for any impurities or defects and then are immediately placed in refrigerated containers to preserve them for current and future needs. After your order is prepared by the restaurant, it is exchanged by the delivery executive or the medium to which it gets to your door.
Transportation, logistics and supply chain!
It's not just a food delivery app. E-karts, ride-sharing companies and many more help you in transportation and logistics in one or the other way. Important festivals in India such as Diwali, Holi, Raksha Bandhan, Eid and many more which involve exchanging gifts to distant relative require courier services which carry out the complex process of handling and delivering by the specified time.
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published.


text:
The increasing density offered by Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGA), coupled with their short design cycle, has made them a popular choice for implementing a wide range of algorithms and complete systems. In this thesis the implementation of video compression algorithms on FPGAs is studied. Two areas are specifically focused on; the integration of a video encoder into a complete system and the power consumption of FPGA based video encoders. Two FPGA based video compression systems are described, one which targets surveillance applications and one which targets video conferencing applications. The FPGA video surveillance system makes use of a novel memory format to improve the efficiency with which input video sequences can be loaded over the system bus. The power consumption of a FPGA video encoder is analyzed. The results indicating that the motion estimation encoder stage requires the most power consumption. An algorithm, which reuses the intra prediction results generated during the encoding process, is then proposed to reduce the power consumed on an FPGA video encoder's external memory bus. Finally, the power reduction algorithm is implemented within an FPGA video encoder. Results are given showing that, in addition to reducing power on the external memory bus, the algorithm also reduces power in the motion estimation stage of a FPGA based video encoder.
There are no comments yet!
Add a Comment


text:
ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
- 1 English
- 1 Engineering, Electronics and Electrical
This thesis examines the modeling, analysis, and control system design issues for scramjet powered hypersonic vehicles. A nonlinear three degrees of freedom longitudinal model which includes aero-propulsion-elasticity effects was used for all analysis. This model is based upon classical compressible flow and Euler-Bernouli structural concepts. Higher fidelity computational fluid dynamics and finite elementmethods are needed formore precise intermediate and final evaluations. The methods presented within this thesis were shown to be useful for guiding initial control relevant design. The model was used to examine the vehicles static and dynamic characteristics over the vehicles trimmable region. The vehicle has significant longitudinal …
- Korad, Akshay Shashikumar, Rodriguez, Armando A, Tsakalis, Konstantinos S, et al.
- Created Date


The end of the transitional period is coming to an end, and the effects of Brexit are almost upon the food industry. Leaving the EU has significant disruptive potential with labour shortages and an increased cost in ingredient sourcing likely to have an impact on the UK food supply chain.
The food sector is unprepared for even a soft Brexit. Food industry experts continue to show concern as a soft Brexit still looks uncertain, with negotiation continuing due to a lack of compromise from either side.
If a hard Brexit occurs, Britain will be considered a third country, which will mean severe trade barriers for the food industry as current trade deals expire in January 2021.
At present, British food exports to the EU make up more than 70% of our total food exports, totalling £18bn per year. This equates to 3.2bn litres of products shipped out to the EU each year.
UK farmers currently receive 3.1bn Euro in payments from the EU CAP scheme and have access to a further 5.2bn Euro pot of funding for rural development schemes. These two payments account for 55% of our farmer's income.
Short term impact
The short term impact of Brexit on the food industry will result in food prices going up. If a soft Brexit and a trade deal do not come to fruition, then export fees will change to World Trade Organisation rates. A few of the most significant of these include cheddar cheese with a 57% rate and butter with a 48% rate. The Brexit impact on fees to the food industry is expected to result in £500m extra costs.
A second short term impact will be felt because of the lower value of the pound. This will raise the cost of raw materials. Unfortunately, switching to local supplies will not change the course of heading towards higher purchasing prices. Over the next 12 months, the rise in raw materials' costs will be passed on to the consumer, and unprofitable items might disappear from supermarket shelves.
Consumer confidence is another short term concern of Brexit. However, the food industry might be somewhat reassured with past trends showing that spending during downturns will remain broadly the same. Shopping habits may change, and food manufacturers that can innovate may benefit from Brexit.
Long term impact
A Brexit impact that may be felt by the food industry over the long term is how food producers access labour under new constrictions of freedom of movement. This will affect the stability of factories.
Currently, one-third of food manufacturing workers and 98% of seasonal workers are from the EU. Relying on British workers would impact wage bills and ultimately result in food price inflation.
Pre-Brexit, the food industry, has a non-UK national workforce of 130,000 people. 25% of this workforce is expected to be lost in a market that already has a person skills gap of 100,000. The pound's falling value causes the gap, and so far, 84% of workers from Romania and Bulgaria have left the UK and now work elsewhere.
There are many unknowns, including how the government will support the food industry as subsidies are lost, regulations change, and foreign investment declines. There has been growth in selling produce to non-EU countries, which is growing at twice previous rates. However, extreme weather conditions continue to impact yields and contribute to a rise in bread and cereal price. As prices rise, healthy food may be considered too expensive, which might affect the nation's health.
Related articles


text:
Sitting around a table at Meyers Center BOCES in Saratoga, students, teaching assistants, and teachers were busy crocheting. They weren't making afghans or shawls– but rather, they were turning plastic into possibility. Little did they know they were also making history.
Profiles of 17 human rights defenders from around the globe, with links to accompanying lesson plans.
Browse the curriculum. Download the complete 158-page guide or individual lesson plans.
Speak Truth to Power: Voices from Beyond the Dark brings the voices of human rights defenders into your classroom.
Find out how you can support your students in their efforts to defend human rights.
The Speak Truth to Power project will enter the video documentary world with a contest challenging middle and high school students in New York to create a film based on the experience of courageous human rights defenders around the world.
It is with great sadness that the family of Professor Wangari Maathai announces her passing away on 25th September, 2011, at the Nairobi Hospital, after a prolonged and bravely borne struggle with cancer.
New to the STTP site this month is a lesson plan based on the work of Congressman John Lewis, who has dedicated his life to protecting human rights, securing civil liberties, and building what he described as "The Beloved Community" in America.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Apr 9, 2021 Health and reading By odb-abai inNews On April 9th an introductory excursion "Library without Borders" was held for pupils of the 6th grade of secondary school №20. The children learned about the main dates of the history of the library and the rules of use, got acquainted with the work of the library halls and services, the content of the book collections and the services provided. The children were shown book exhibitions dedicated to the 30th anniversary of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the program "Rukhani zhangyru", the work of the writer O. Zhanaidarov "Khalyk anyzdaryn zhinaushy". Many of the excursion participants wished to become library readers and received their library cards. During the excursion, a health session "Health and Reading" was held, timed to coincide with the World Health Day. The librarians reminded the children what rules and procedures must be followed during the quarantine period in order to preserve and strengthen their health. We familiarized the participants with useful literature on this topic. Particular attention was paid to the fact that reading itself can help to strengthen health, stabilize the state of mind and improve well-being.


Body piercing is not without risk. Sometimes a piercing may be rejected, which can cause discomfort and scarring. Spotting a piercing rejection early can reduce scarring and damage to the skin.
In this article, we look at the causes and symptoms of piercing rejection, and how to stop it from happening.
Anti-eyebrow piercing. Image credit: Ralf Roletschek, (2008, August 11).Share on Pinterest
The body may try to reject a piercing because it is a foreign object.
Sometimes, the body's immune response sees the jewelry as a foreign object and rejects it.
Piercing rejection can cause discomfort and scarring.
The following can help reduce the risk of piercing rejection:
 - choosing a qualified and experienced piercer
 - using proper jewelry
 - practicing proper piercing aftercare
Anyone who has piercings should keep a careful eye on them while they heal. Catching a piercing rejection early can reduce scarring or damage to the skin.
A piercing rejection usually happens gradually. Symptoms tend to appear several days or weeks before the body finally pushes the jewelry out of the skin in a process called migration.
Signs that a piercing is migrating and possibly being rejected include:
 - more of the jewelry becoming visible on the outside of the piercing
 - the piercing remaining sore, red, irritated, or dry after the first few days
 - the jewelry becoming visible under the skin
 - the piercing hole appearing to be getting larger
 - the jewelry looking like it is hanging differently
 - the jewelry moving more freely than it should
Share on Pinterest
Surface piercings, such as nape piercings, are at risk of rejection, which can lead to scarring.
Any piercing has the potential to be rejected. Rejection depends on the person's immune system and how well the piercing heals. But, the body tends to reject some types of piercings more often than others.
Surface piercings are the most common types of piercing to be rejected by the body. Surface piercings travel along an area of skin, rather than going directly through a body part. The jewelry punctures only a small amount of the skin's surface.
Examples of surface piercings include eyebrows, neck, hip, and wrist.
Surface piercings may be prone to rejection just because it is easier for the body to push the jewelry out of a small amount of skin.
Non-surface piercings include the earlobe, ear cartilage, lip, or tongue. These types of piercings go all the way through the body tissue — in one side and out the other.
Non-surface piercings may be rejected less often because there is more tissue to hold them in place, making it more difficult for the body to push them out.
Sometimes, a piercing rejection occurs without an apparent cause. However, the following steps may make a piercing rejection less likely to happen.
Choose the right piercer
It is essential to select a piercer who is familiar with the body's anatomy, the healing process, and where best to place a piercing. Before getting a piercing, talk to the piercer about:
 - The type of piercing. Ask about the specific kind of piercing desired and their experience with it. Their expertise with specific piercing locations. Ask to see photos of piercings they have done in the past. These should show a variety of piercings that look well-suited to individual body types.
 - Their sterilization and safety measures. The Association of Professional Piercers state that every piercer should use an autoclave for sterilizing equipment. Good hygiene can help lower the risk of infection and trouble with healing, both of which can lead to piercing rejection.
 - Other sanitary and health measures. Ask about single-use needles, gloves, and the cleaning of hands and rooms between each customer.
Also, consider reading online reviews or talking to previous customers. Choosing an experienced, skilled, and hygienic piercer is crucial.
Choose the right jewelry
A qualified piercer should recommend a size and type of jewelry best suited to the indivdual's body and the location of the piercing.
Using a thicker piece of jewelry might reduce the risk of rejection.
Using materials such as niobium and titanium offer the lowest risk of irritation and allergies. This can also help speed up the healing process and prevent complications. Research the specific piercing beforehand and the best jewelry size and material for it.
Follow aftercare instructions
Keeping a piercing clean is vital for healing and preventing infection. Do not use harsh cleansers such as peroxide, antibacterial soaps, or alcohol, as they can irritate the skin and delay healing.
Ideally, clean the area with a sterile saline solution or a product recommended by a professional piercer.
Take care not to bump piercings, especially while they heal. An injury to the area could cause irritation, rejection, or migration. Ask the piercer about what precautions to take to protect the piercing during contact sports.
Share on Pinterest
Having a professional remove jewelry when it seems to be moving towards the surface may prevent rejection.
If the piercing appears to be migrating toward the surface, take the following steps:
 - Remove the jewelry and contact the piercer. Keeping the jewelry in increases the chances of scarring. A large scar can prevent a person having a new piercing in the same location after it heals.
 - Ask the piercer about using a different piece of jewelry. Thicker-gauge jewelry or a different shape or material may help the piercing heal and settle into place better.
Most people who experience a piercing rejection will recover without any lasting health issues. However, there may be scarring, which can range from mild to severe.
Scarring can make it difficult or impossible to get a new piercing in the same location. It may also be a cosmetic concern. People who are prone to raised or keloid scars are generally advised to avoid piercings.
Antibiotics may be needed if an infection occurs. Anyone who suspects a piercing infection should discuss it with a doctor.
Signs of infection include the following at the piercing location:
 - redness
 - hot to the touch
 - swelling
 - discharge
With proper antibiotic treatment, most piercing infections heal without long-term problems.
After a piercing rejection, people should think about what may have caused it. Did they follow proper aftercare instructions? Did the piercer use appropriate equipment, technique, and jewelry?
If the piercing was done correctly and the person looked after it properly, the rejection may just be bad luck. A person can sometimes have one rejection then have no problems with future piercings. People should consider the risk of another piercing rejection before getting pierced again.


What Is Autonomous Operations?
By Dick Hill
Industry Trends
Plant operations in the process industries have evolved over time toward Autonomous Operations by using generally well-integrated and well-applied digital automation technologies, such as distributed control systems (DCS), programmable logic controllers (PLC), safety integrated systems (SIS), and manufacturing execution systems (MES). These plant-level technologies all fall under the domain of operations technology or "OT," as distinguished from more enterprise-level information technology, or "IT". In general, OT focuses on safe, deterministic, and high availability for reliable, nonstop operations, while IT focuses on data integrity and security.
In recent years, thanks to further advances in digitalization, the ongoing convergence of OT and IT, and the overall digital transformation of industry and infrastructure, the process industries are gradually moving from "automated" to "autonomous" operations in selected areas. This may also be referred to as "Autonomation". This move presents the opportunity to further advance safe operations and improve overall business value. Furthermore, in addition to minimizing the inevitable human errors, autonomous operations could go a long way toward helping solve the growing issue of finding qualified personnel to run these facilities, many that operate continuously, 24/7. With artificial intelligence (AI)-driven autonomous systems making decisions related to both normal and abnormal operations, this burden could potentially be removed from humans.
Autonomous Operations Maturity Model
Transitioning operations from automated to completely autonomous is not a one-step process. Moreover, the transition is not simply a technology decision. In addition to safe and dependable operations, improvements to business effectiveness and value must be considered. To help industrial organizations understand where they are in the journey to autonomous operations, ARC Advisory Group has developed the following five-level model. Note that the lowest level of the model, level 0, describes operations with no automation whatsoever. In these situations, the operation is totally dependent on humans making the necessary decisions and changes to keep the operation running.
Note that different parts of an industrial plant (e.g. units, lines, etc.) are likely to be at different maturity levels. The decision to drive toward achieving autonomous operations will involve multiple factors related to available technology, personnel, processes, criticality, and business importance.
Autonomous Operations
Levels of Autonomous Operations
Level 0 No Autonomy is the starting point on the journey to autonomous operations in the maturity model. Here, no automatic actions are occurring, with operations relying on humans to make all decisions and perform all functions. Historically, most industrial operations began with significant human intervention required to run and maintain the operations.
Level 1 Operations Assistance is common among many operations today, at least in some parts of the operations. It represents a minimum of automation technology and systems to run the operations. Instead, the OT primary purpose is to provide data and information for decision support, so that human operators, maintenance technicians, planners, and so on can facilitate the mechanics of the operation.
Level 2 Regulatory Automation moves the degree of automatic control further along. For process industries, this includes control functions, such as continuous control loops (e.g., PID control), where the automation system maintains a specific setpoint by manipulating one or more process variables. For example, the controller will manipulate a control valve to maintain a variable, such as flow, that is being measured continuously.
Level 3 Advanced Regulatory adds certain conditional information to the level 2 type of automation. For example, a bottle labeling line with level 2 type of automation will simply paste a label on every bottle on the conveyor. In level 3, the automation functions may be able to recognize bottles that are not full and automatically push them off the line rather than place a label on them. In the process industries, a level 3 example would be the "exception logic" built into batch controllers designed to recognize most abnormal conditions and thus not continue producing an out-of-specification batch. Level 3 type of automation, however, typically requires humans to be available for unexpected abnormalities that the automation programs were not designed to handle.
Level 4 Select Autonomy introduces the first true autonomous operations for certain situations. For example, the level of automation may be able to detect the imminent failure of a pump and automatically transfer operations to a standby pump. The autonomous system will notify humans both when it detects the impending failure and when it has changed the operations to the new pump. However, at this level, it still requires humans to fix the operation conditions that caused the failure. Humans would also be required to return the system to the autonomous operation state (e.g., repair or replace the failed pump).
Level 5 Full Autonomy is fully autonomous operation. At this level of automation, humans may not be needed for any intervention. Humans may be in remote locations, since their immediate presence is not required. An example of this would be a mining operation where the haul trucks operate without drivers. These vehicles would be able to detect when obstacles, such as humans, were in their path and avoid collisions on their way to deliver the ore.
Assessing Your Progress to Autonomous Operations
ARC has developed an assessment process that will allow you to determine where you are in comparison to your peers in industry. If you wish to determine your progress in moving toward "Autonomous Operations", simply click hear "Assessment Survey".
Engage with ARC Advisory Group


Bring back some good or bad memories
July 29, 2020
1919 Franklin Series 9-B Brougham, a Car With an Air-Cooled Engine and Unusual Veed Windshield
This 1919 Franklin and those from earlier years look different from most cars of the period because, being air-cooled, the Franklin's lacked radiators and thus had grilles that were different from those of most cars.
Franklin cars were technological leaders, first with six cylinders (by 1905) and automatic spark advance, in 1907. Demonstrating reliability, L.L. Whitman drove a Franklin from New York City to San Francisco in 1906 in 15 days 2 hours 15 minutes, a new record.
Franklin were undisputed leaders in air-cooled cars at a time when virtually every other manufacturer had adopted water cooling as cheaper and easier to manufacture. Before the invention of antifreeze, the air-cooled car had a huge advantage in cold weather, and Franklins were popular among people such as doctors, who needed an all-weather machine. The limitation of air-cooling was the size of the cylinder bore and the available area for the valves, which limited the power output of the earlier Franklins. By 1921, a change in cooling—moving the fan from sucking hot air to blowing cool air—led the way to the gradual increase in power.
The Franklin Automobile Company was a marketer of automobiles in the United States between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse, New York. Herbert H. Franklin, the founder, began his career in the metal die casting business before establishing his automobile enterprise. Controlled by Herbert H Franklin it had very few other significant shareholders. Franklin bought its vehicles from the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company which was only moderately profitable and frequently missed dividends on common stock.
The Franklin companies suffered financial collapse in April 1934. Aside from his consequent retirement CEO Herbert Franklin's lifestyle was unaffected.
1 comment:
 1. The veed windshield later became standard until curved glass arrived in the early 50s. I remember the first time I, aged three or so, looked in awe out of a wraparound windshield.
Browse by Decades
Popular Posts


The Lives and Loves of the Planet's Great Ocean Voyagers
Adam Nicolson
Buch (gebundene Ausgabe, Englisch)
Buch (gebundene Ausgabe, Englisch)
inkl. gesetzl. MwSt.
inkl. gesetzl. MwSt.
Versandfertig innerhalb von 3 Wochen Versandkostenfrei
Versandfertig innerhalb von 3 Wochen
Weitere Formate
€ 17,99
Accordion öffnen
 - The Seabird's Cry: The Lives and Loves of the Planet's Great Ocean Voyagers
 Versandfertig innerhalb von 3 Wochen
 € 17,99
gebundene Ausgabe
€ 32,99
Accordion öffnen
Life itself could never have been sustainable without seabirds. As Adam Nicolson writes: "They are bringers of fertility, the deliverers of life from ocean to land."
A global tragedy is unfolding. Even as we are coming to understand them, the number of seabirds on our planet is in freefall, dropping by nearly 70% in the last sixty years, a billion fewer now than there were in 1950. Of the ten birds in this book, seven are in decline, at least in part of their range. Extinction stalks the ocean and there is a danger that the grand cry of the seabird colony, rolling around the bays and headlands of high latitudes, will this century become little but a memory.
Seabirds have always entranced the human imagination and NYT best-selling author Adam Nicolson has been in love with them all his life: for their mastery of wind and ocean, their aerial beauty and the unmatched wildness of the coasts and islands where every summer they return to breed. The seabird's cry comes from an elemental layer in the story of the world.
Einband gebundene Ausgabe
Seitenzahl 416
Erscheinungsdatum 06.02.2018
Sprache Englisch
ISBN 978-1-250-13418-9
Verlag Henry Holt & Company
Maße (L/B/H) 21,6/14,4/4 cm
Gewicht 480 g
Es wurden noch keine Bewertungen geschrieben.
 - Artikelbild-0
 - Maps
 1. Fulmar
 2. Puffin
 3. Kittiwake
 4. Gull
 5. Guillemot
 6. Cormorant and Shag
 7. Shearwater
 8. Gannet
 9. Great Auk and its Cousin Razorbill
 10. Albatross
 11. The Seabird's Cry


How Do I Think About Async Code?!
Leslie Richardson
Increasingly essential to writing responsive applications, asynchronous code is becoming more and more popular. Unfortunately, asynchronous programming adds an additional level of complexity to your code. As a result, understanding how this code even works can be tough no matter your experience level. Whether you're new to it or you just want a refresher, here is an intro to the world of asynchronous code!
What is asynchronous code?
Asynchronous (async) programming lets you execute a block of code without stopping (or blocking) the entire thread where the action is being executed. A common myth about async code is that it improves performance, which isn't necessarily true. Instead, the major perk of async programming is that it increases the number of tasks (throughput) that can be executed concurrently without having to block the thread where these actions are taking place.
You may think async code seems a little like multithreaded code. After all, many methods could be executing at the same time in both. In reality, async programming can be used together with singular or multithreaded applications. This means you can have a single-threaded async program, where one thread can run concurrent tasks. Conversely, you can also have a multi-threaded async application, where multiple threads can each run multiple concurrent tasks.
Why should I use async code? Example please!
To use an analogy to demonstrate async programming, consider the action of baking a cake. This action will be represented by a thread that is executing several steps (or tasks), as illustrated in code below. This code is serviceable, and you will still have a yummy cake once the method is done executing. However, since all the code is synchronous, each line will run sequentially. In other words, you will be standing completely still while waiting for the oven to finish preheating. You could be making the batter for your cake in the meantime!
Synchronous MakeCake() function
Synchronous MakeCake() function
Synchronous cake program
Synchronous cake program
In real life, you typically want to multitask by making the batter while the oven preheats or making the icing while the cake is baking. Doing this increases your productivity and allows you to bake the cake much faster. This is where asynchronous code comes in handy! By making our existing code asynchronous, we can perform more actions to pass the time even while we are awaiting a task like baking the cake in the oven to complete. To do this, we modified our code to include a new function called PassTheTime. This code saves a task's state, starts running another synchronous or asynchronous function, and retrieves the saved task's value when it's actually needed.
Asynchronous MakeCake() function
Asynchronous MakeCake() function
Image AsyncCake Run
Asynchronous cake program
When compared to the synchronous MakeCake method that lacks a PassTheTime function call, MakeCakeAsync manages to complete more tasks without blocking the thread and shortens the time it takes to execute the whole method.
Async versus sync program comparison
Async versus sync program comparison
How do I write async code in.NET?
Thankfully, C# makes it a "piece of cake" to write asynchronous code with the Task type and the await and async keywords. The Task type tells the caller about the eventual return value type. It also indicates that other actions can execute while the caller method is being processed. The async keyword enables the await keyword, which lets the compiler know that we'll need the return value of the function, but not right away. As a result, we don't need to block the call and can continue running other tasks until the awaited value is needed. An async method will initially run synchronously until it hits an await keyword. This is when the asynchronous execution will begin.
I just learned about async code! Now what?
While using async code to bake a cake is great, there are plenty of other real-life applications to use asynchronous code. Two of the most common examples include:
 - Programs using HTTP requests – Depending on the request, HTTP calls can take a long time to fully process. Using async code can let you perform other work while waiting for the server to respond.
HTTP GET request example
HTTP GET request example
 - Programs using UI elements – WPF apps or any apps using buttons, textboxes, and other UX assets lend themselves well to async implementation. For instance, a WPF app taking in a file to be parsed may take a while. By making this action async, you can still interact with the UI without having the app completely freeze as you wait for the function to complete.
Now that you know the basics of asynchronous programming, it's time to improve on it! There are a lot of secret do's and don'ts when writing solid async code. For a great resource that explores these tips and tricks, check out David Fowler's post on async programming.
Like all code, there will come a time where you'll need to diagnose bugs in your async program. To learn how to debug your async code in Visual Studio, tune in for an upcoming blog post…
Side note: And no, I did not use the cake analogy just because I've been doing a lot of baking recently. 😉
Red velvet cupcake
Comments are closed. Login to edit/delete your existing comments
 - Avatar
 Ion Sorin Torjo
 Hi Leslie,
 Yes, C# does make it insanely easy to use async.
 Having said that, and you're in the VS team, can you please tell us when will the following be available:
 * Speed up UWP compile times – it's simply insane building non-trivial UWP apps. Compile times are to the roof! MS has known about this for years.
 * Being able to see the async stack trace in UWP. Losing the initial context is makes it really hard to debug UWP apps.
 - Avatar
 Neil MacMullen
 Hi Leslie – nice article and a good "real world" example of async! I think the wording around the "PassTheTime" explanation is a little confusing (at least for me!) since it implies that "PassTheTime" is handling the asynchrony and state restoration rather than the "await" – you kind of skipped over the crucial point that the async methods run until they hit a blocking operation so by making the operations async you're really changing the semantics to be "StartBakingTheCake" etc. (Obvious if you already know it but seems like your article is aimed at beginners to async who might take some time to figure this out.)
 BTW – there is a very nice library called TaskTupleAwaiter ( that introduces a nice syntax for this kind of "just run a few arbitrary async things in parallel". To my eye the visual presentation it allows..
 await (PrepareIngredientsAsync,PreheadOvenAsync) ;
 makes it more obvious that these things are being done together compared to placing them on sequential lines.
 - Avatar
 Rick Leitch
 I enjoyed the article Leslie. I've always been curious… Most code examples on MSDN await every task immediately. Even the out-of-box new project Visual Studio templates await every task immediately. Isn't this the same as synchronous programming? Why use asynchronous keywords in these cases? To achieve asynchronous behavior I've always done what you've done here. I assign the task to a variable, and await it later. I look forward to your comments.
 - Avatar
 When you await the task depends on when you need the result, but since the typical case is that we make the async call and want to use the result immediately it's simpler and cleaner to just write var someResult = await DoWorkAsync();.
 The real magic of async/await it that it looks like synchronous code, but what's happening is that when you call your DoWorkAsync() method it returns a Task instead of just returning a synchronous result.
 If that task isn't Completed when execution reaches the await then, instead of the executing thread blocking as would happen in synchronous code, the thread returns to the thread pool and is free to pick up other work. When DoWorkAsync() completes a free thread will resume execution at the statement following the await.
 So where you put the await doesn't make your code synchronous. You simply await the task at the point you want the result. For tasks that don't return results you can think of the result as being 'the task has completed', generally for its side effects.
 This is why the async/await pattern mostly applies to IO calls where the thread that would otherwise be blocked can go and do useful work during the few milliseconds the IO takes, and that means we can service potentially thousands of IO calls with one or a few threads.
 - Avatar
 Very nice post! I need to do this more often, and your post inspires me to do so. Thanks.
 - Алексей Кайгородов
 Алексей Кайгородов
 there are two kinds of parallel activities: threads and tasks. Asynchronous program is a parallel program which employs tasks (and, most likely, threads). Any parallel program can be implemented in both ways. The advantage of tasks is less memory consumption, because they do not have attached stack. The disatwantage is more complex programming: the work of a single thread often requires more than one tasks. Besides, programmer must not allow their tasks to perform bloking operations.
 - Robert Hyland
 Robert Hyland
 Thanks for your concise definition describing the differences between these two paradigms.
 - Avatar
 Any ideas where can I download the code to create the


A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect
Junhua Dang*, Paul Barker, Anna Baumert, Margriet Bentvelzen, Elliot Berkman, Nita Buchholz, Jacek Buczny, Zhansheng Chen, Valeria De Cristofaro, Lianne de Vries, Siegfried Dewitte, Mauro Giacomantonio, Ran Gong, Maaike Homan, Roland Imhoff, Ismaharif Ismail, Lile Jia, Thomas Kubiak, Florian Lange, Dan Yang LiJordan Livingston, Rita Ludwig, Angelo Panno, Joshua Pearman, Niklas Rassi, Helgi B. Schiöth, Manfred Schmitt, A. Timur Sevincer, Jiaxin Shi, Angelos Stamos, Yia Chin Tan, Mario Wenzel, Oulmann Zerhouni, Li Wei Zhang, Yi Jia Zhang, Axel Zinkernagel
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)14-24
Number of pages11
JournalSocial Psychological and Personality Science
Issue number1
Early online date3 Apr 2020
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2021
 - ego depletion
 - multilab
 - preregistration
 - self-control
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


Trick with a Purpose: Give Paw
PetGuide logo
Tricks aren't just for fun; they can have numerous practical benefits. One of my favorite tricks is to "give paw." It's easy for many dogs to learn, and it provides a fun way to replace jumping on people, play biting your guests, and other exuberant behaviors. (I generally do not recommend this for shy dogs who are afraid to greet strangers, however.)
Related: Help Your Dog Respond to Cues Outdoors
Why is "paw" so magical? Because a dog who is giving his paw can't be jumping on them. There is no need to yell "no!" or have to peel your pooch off the neighbors' leg anymore. Furthermore, by giving his paw, your dog is still getting what he wants: interaction with a guest or passer-by. It is a controlled behavior that naturally replaces the old, undesirable behavior, without the need for punishment. Win-win!
How to Teach "Paw"
While there are many ways to teach a dog to give his paw, I prefer the following method, as it encourages your dog to think for himself.
 1. Ask your dog to sit. Assuming he already has a solid "sit," don't treat yet.
 2. Put a stinky treat in your hand, palm facing up, and make a loose fist to protect the treat. Extend your fist to your dog, at about his elbow level or lower.
 3. At first, your dog will probably lick at your hand several times. Ignore the slobber and just stay still. Eventually he will pick up a paw in an effort to pry your hand open. When his paw lifts, mark with "yes" or click. Immediately open up your fist and let him eat the treat.
 4. Repeat this until your dog clearly gets the idea. That is, when you present your fist, he reaches his paw up to touch it. No slobber, just paw touches.
 5. Add the cue "paw" right before you present your fist. Practice several more times.
 6. Now remove the treat from your fist. Present an empty fist this time as you say "paw." When your dog paws at it, give him a jackpot of a few treats from your other hand. "What a cool surprise," he thinks! Repeat several times.
 7. Gradually, open up your cue hand a little bit more each time. Over the course of several reps, your hand will go from a fist to an open palm. Now it really looks like you're shaking hands!
Related: Should I Train My Dog With a Clicker?
Use Paw for Good Manners
Once your pup has mastered "paw" with you, start asking him to do it for friends and family, starting with the calmest people in your circle. For extra bouncy dogs, you can cue the "paw" while your friend holds out his palm, and then you're the one to mark and reward your dog. This method gives you consistency, using the same tone of voice and treats that your dog is already familiar with.
As time goes on, friends can do the sequence entirely themselves, and you can fade out the treats. ("Paw" is self-rewarding, after all.) Once your dog learns how well this trick works to get him attention, he'll happily sit to greet a new friend.


text:
|Origin:||From the sound|
1 also chatter away/on
to talk quickly in a friendly way without stopping, especially about things that are not serious or important:
She chattered away happily until she noticed I wasn't listening.
She chattered excitedly like a child.
We were chattering about the events of last night.
if birds or monkeys chatter, they make short high sounds
if your teeth are chattering, you are so cold or frightened that your teeth are knocking together
4 British English
educated middle-class people who like to discuss and have opinions about recent events and situations in society
—chatterer noun [countable]


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the steady-state heat transfer properties of pipe insulations. Specimen types include rigid, flexible, and loose fill; homogeneous and nonhomogeneous; isotropic and nonisotropic; circular or non-circular cross section. Measurement of metallic reflective insulation and mass insulations with metal jackets or other elements of high axial conductance is included; however, additional precautions must be taken and specified special procedures must be followed.
1.2 The test apparatus for this purpose is a guarded-end or calibrated-end pipe apparatus. The guarded-end apparatus is a primary (or absolute) method. The guarded-end method is comparable, but not identical to ISO 8497.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 When appropriate, or as required by specifications or other test methods, the following thermal transfer properties for the specimen can be calculated from the measured data (see ):
1.4.1 The pipe insulation lineal thermal resistance and conductance,
1.4.2 The pipe insulation lineal thermal transference,
1.4.3 The surface areal resistance and heat transfer coefficient,
1.4.4 The thermal resistivity and conductivity,
1.4.5 The areal thermal resistance and conductance, and
1.4.6 The areal thermal transference.
Note 1: In this test method the preferred resistance, conductance, and transference are the lineal values computed for a unit length of pipe. These must not be confused with the corresponding areal properties computed on a unit area basis which are more applicable to flat slab geometry. If these areal properties are computed, the area used in their computation must be reported.
Note 2: Discussions of the appropriateness of these properties to particular specimens or materials may be found in Test Method (. ), Test Method, and in the literature
1.5 This test method allows for operation over a wide range of temperatures. The upper and lower limit of the pipe surface temperature is determined by the maximum and minimum service temperature of the specimen or of the materials used in constructing the apparatus. In any case, the apparatus must be operated such that the temperature difference between the exposed surface and the ambient is sufficiently large enough to provide the precision of measurement desired. Normally the apparatus is operated in closely controlled still air ambient from 15 to 30°C, but other temperatures, other gases, and other velocities are acceptable. It is also acceptable to control the outer specimen surface temperature by the use of a heated or cooled outer sheath or blanket or by the use of an additional uniform layer of insulation.
1.6 The use any size or shape of test pipe is allowable provided that it matches the specimens to be tested. Normally the test method is used with circular pipes; however, its use is permitted with pipes or ducts of noncircular cross section (square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc.). One common size used for interlaboratory comparison is a pipe with a circular cross section of 88.9-mm diameter (standard nominal 80-mm [3-in.] pipe size), although several other sizes are reported in the literature (. )
1.7 The test method applies only to test pipes with a horizontal or vertical axis. For the horizontal axis, the literature includes using the guarded-end, the calibrated, and the calibrated-end cap methods. For the vertical axis, no experience has been found to support the use of the calibrated or calibrated-end methods. Therefore the method is restricted to using the guarded-end pipe apparatus for vertical axis measurements.
1.8 This test method covers two distinctly different types of pipe apparatus, the guarded-end and the calibrated or calculated-end types, which differ in the treatment of axial heat transfer at the end of the test section.
1.8.1 The guarded-end apparatus utilizes separately heated guard sections at each end, which are controlled at the same temperature as the test section to limit axial heat transfer. This type of apparatus is preferred for all types of specimens within the scope of this test method and must be used for specimens incorporating elements of high axial conductance.
1.8.2 The calibrated or calculated-end apparatus utilizes insulated end caps at each end of the test section to minimize axial heat transfer. Corrections based either on the calibration of the end caps under the conditions of test or on calculations using known material properties, are applied to the measured test section heat transfer. These apparatuses are not applicable for tests on specimens with elements of high axial conductance such as reflective insulations or metallic jackets. There is no known experience on using these apparatuses for measurements using a vertical axis.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
|Engelse titel||Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe Insulation|


text:
Raindrop: An Innovative Educational Tool for River Awareness
This project will create a new educational tool for river awareness in the United States through a mobile device application called Raindrop. Raindrop traces the flow of water from the user's home location to a downstream watershed location. Raindrop is part of a larger installation named FLOW (Can You See the River?), which joins the cognitive power of science with the affective power of the arts by creating virtual and physical spaces for river awareness in the White River watershed in Indianapolis, IN. In addition to the flow path, Raindrop functionality includes watershed context and physical marker mapping, flow path water quality indicators, utilization of NOAA weather feeds and alerts, weather and climate comparisons, storm event size implications, and guidance on watershed restoration actions. Artist-designed physical markers are strategically located in the watershed to direct the virtual user to physical areas of interest.


labyrinth fish and breathe oxygen from both air and gills. This tendency comes from its motherland South East Asia. This is also the reason why they prefer to live alone instead of big gatherings.
Betta fish are carnivores. This means they like to consume a high protein diet and don't survive only on vegetables. It loves to feed itself insects and mosquito larvae present on the water surface. Inside the aquarium, it will still flourish even if you feed it blood worms. It chews these worms before swallowing them properly.
Betta fish are not very romantic. They only mate with their females and after that, they can hurt them by biting. They bite for different reasons from aggression to a sense of fear. Betta fish also bite themselves for no apparent reason. Some Betta pet owners say that they self bite when hungry. While some others say, it's because of their aggressive nature.
Betta fish is a wonderful pet to keep in your home. They require little maintenance and are also not very costly. Learn everything related to Betta fish including their teeth and biting habits. Prepare yourself with their mood and temperament. This will help you become one of the best pet owners a Betta fish may have!
If you are a fish lover and love keeping fish as pets, you will love everything that a Betta Fish brings to the table. From its physical attraction to friendly behavior, Betta fish is a treat! Don't worry about the sharp and small Betta teeth. The only reasons they bite are already shared above. None includes any hurt and pain to human hands and fingers. Keep Bettas as pets!
Leave a Comment


6 ways to reignite your youthful energy
You used to run mini-marathons in the morning, work a full-time job, catch a late show with friends and still have energy to spare.
But now you need to take a nap after grocery shopping and doing a load of laundry.
What happened?
Well, unfortunately for us all, a loss of energy is normal with age.
As you get older, you lose mitochondria, the powerhouses of your cells. Your body also creates less adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that's like the energy delivery man. It drops off delightful packages of energy that keep your cells going. But when this delivery man stops coming as frequently, your cells get depleted.
On top of all that, there are other factors that can zap you as you get older, like depression, chronic diseases, and certain medications.
But the big question is: What can you do to restore that youthful zest, so you don't feel like a zero-energy zombie for the rest of your life?
Well, lifestyle plays a powerful role in how much energy — and ATP — you have too. So, you have the power to put more pep in your step by making strategic lifestyle changes.
Here are six changes you can make to reignite your youthful energy:
1. Be more active
When you're feeling low energy, it's hard to stay active. You'd rather binge watch Downton Abbey for the fifth time than head to a Zumba class. But energy begets energy. If you can push past your doldrums and exercise anyway, soon you'll have more energy overall. Why? Because physical activity conserves ATP, that energy delivery man I was telling you about. It strengthens muscles, making them more efficient, which makes them use less ATP. It also causes your brain to release chemicals that make you feel more energetic.
2. Stop stressing
When you're stressed, your adrenal glands pump out the hormone cortisol. Cortisol causes your body to produce less ATP. Cortisol also causes inflammation, and inflammation slows the production of ATP too. So, stressing about the passive aggressive comment your daughter-in-law made at your grandson's birthday party is one of the quickest ways to zap your personal energy. But if you adopt daily de-stressing practices, you can easily restore your ATP and energy. Try practices that help you slash stress and stay mindful like meditation, tai chi, and yoga.
3. Eat better
It should come as no surprise that what you eat affects how much energy you have. Eating lots of processed food triggers inflammation. More inflammation means less ATP. Not getting enough vitamins and minerals can hamper your body's ability to produce ATP too. Then, of course, there's the matter of how much you're eating. Eating too little calories can make you feel fatigued. But eating too much can trigger blood sugar spikes that lead to fatigue as well. Try to maintain a balanced and healthy diet that includes mostly fresh, whole foods. You should also get plenty of protein because the fatty acids in protein-rich foods increase the production of ATP.
Related: 20+ nutrients to restore your energy
4. Get plenty of sleep
Not getting enough sleep will make you feel tired — no shocker there. But you may not realize what's going on behind the scenes in your sleep-deprived body. A lack of sleep increases cortisol levels, which amps up inflammation and decreases ATP. Sleep issues like sleep apnea can also lower the amount of oxygen in your blood, which means less ATP too. Now, if you struggle with insomnia, getting enough sleep may be easier said than done. Some of the more effective ways I've found to manage chronic sleep issues include sticking to a set sleeping schedule, cutting back on blue light from electronics, ditching caffeine, supplementing with melatonin, resetting your energetic balance with acupuncture and making yourself sleepier with medicinal marijuana.
5. Drink more water
Research shows that 75 percent of Americans may suffer from chronic, low-grade dehydration. And dehydration is a serious energy zapper. On top of that, plenty of Americans choose sugary beverages instead of water. These drinks cause blood sugar spikes, which can lead to fatigue. Caffeinated and alcoholic drinks can also contribute to dehydration and fatigue. So, make sure what you're sipping on daily supports healthy energy levels. Get at least eight cups of water per day, and cut back on caffeinated, sugary and alcoholic beverages.
6. Stay social
When you're tired all the time, it's tempting to cancel your dinner plans, curl up on the couch with your dog and read People magazine. But keeping up with your social life will give you more energy in the long run. Isolating yourself puts you at a higher risk of depression. And depression is a major factor in fatigue. Socializing with family and friends also causes your brain to release feel-good chemicals that increase energy levels.
Hopefully, these minor lifestyle changes make you feel as energetic as you did years ago. If they don't and you find yourself struggling to keep up with daily tasks because you're so tired, take a trip to your doctor to make sure there's no medical cause behind your lagging energy levels.
Editor's Note: According to Dr. Michael Cutler, the right foods control inflammation, support immunity, boost energy, heal you from the inside and keep harmful bacteria away—all while producing enzymes and nutrients necessary for optimal health. Learn more about using food for health in The Part-Time Health NutClick here to get your copy, and free gifts, today.
 1. Losing steam? Avoid these energy zappers — Harvard Health Publishing
 2. 75% of Americans May Suffer From Chronic Dehydration, According to Doctors — Medical Daily
Jenny Smiechowski
By Jenny Smiechowski


text:
AutoCAD Draftsman - Piping (5-10 yrs)
Job Description :
1. Proficient in Piping and Mechanical drawing using AutoCAD.
2. Good knowledge of basic Piping design, Pipe routing, Pipe sizing, Piping Material Specifications, and Piping layout.
3. Development of Inspection Isometrics referring inspection reports and Inspection sketches to support corrosion monitoring campaigns.
4. Updating of existing Piping isometrics with regards to latest inspection reports.
5. Coordination with team members in timely submission of deliverables.
6. Creating, Updating, and Maintaining Registers such as Piping Asset Register, Master Equipment List, Anomaly registers, etc.
7. Should be proficient in using MS office.


text:
Background: Atrial fibrillation(AF) is a kind of persistent arrhythmia that can lead to serious complications. Therefore, accurate and quick detection of atrial fibrillation by surface electrocardiogram (ECG) has great importance on further treatment. The practical ECG signals contain various interferences in different frequencies, such as myoelectricity interference, power interference and so on. Detection speed and accuracy largely depend on the AF signal features extracted by algorithm. But some of the discovered AF features are not well distinguishable, resulting in poor classification effect.
Methods: This paper proposed a high distinguishable atrial fibrillation feature - the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in the frequency spectrum (MAiFS). We used the R-R interval detection method optimized with mathematical morphology method and combined with the wavelet transform method for analysis. According to the two features - the MAiFS and R-R interval irregular, we can recognize AF in ECG signal by decision tree classification algorithm.
Results: The data used in the experiment comes from the MIT-BIH database , which is publicly accessible via the web and with ethics approval and consent. The dataset contains 23 annotated ECG records, each of which is approximately 10 hours with a sampling rate of 250Hz and a 12-bit resolution with a range of 10mv. Based on the input of time-domain and frequency-domain features, a supervised classifier is constructed by using decision tree algorithm, and the data obtained from the above experiments are brought in to carry out a 5-fold cross validation test, the accuracy of classification reaches 98.9%.
Conclusions: The frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in frequency spectrum in the normal signal is concentrated and the fluctuation is weak. But the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in frequency spectrum in the atrial fibrillation signal is divergent and irregular. The decision tree algorithm can detect the normal signal and AF signal with 98.9% accuracy.


0 Sand for sportsturf
ChelfordnightSand is a cornerstone ingredient in all construction and maintenance materials for both natural and artificial playing surfaces.
Whether mixed with an organic amendment to produce topdressings, rootzones and divot mixes, or used on its own as a synthetic carpet infill or beach sport surface, sand plays a vitally important role in a playing surface's performance, appearance and longevity.
Ruffords Technical Manager, Mick Higgins, explains what sand is and introduces some basic considerations
Sand comes in many different forms, all of varying quality with a range of properties and physical characteristics, so the challenge is to select the right one for your project.
What is sand and where does it come from?
Sand is an inorganic granular mineral composed of individual particles or grains formed by the weathering and erosion of rock.
These small, finely divided fragments of rock will vary in chemical composition depending upon the source and condition of the parent rock from which they were derived.
As far as the UK is concerned, sand refers to a material which has a grain size distribution between 0.063mm and 2.0mm. However, there are some countries, including the USA, who categorise sand particles as those having a diameter between 0.053mm and 2.0mm.
In the UK all particles less than 0.063mm but greater than 0.002mm are classed as silt, with particles less than 0.002mm categorised as clay. Any particles greater than 2.0mm are categorised as gravel.
It is important to remember that any particle between 0.063mm and 2.0mm would be classed as sand, including material with very high calcium content (calcareous sands). The majority of sands quarried in the UK consist mainly of silicon dioxide (SiO2), otherwise known as silica. There are, in fact, nine different crystalline forms of silica, but most of us associate it with quartz silica. In this form it has a high melting point and is also inert, stable and extremely hard wearing.
Surface hardness of sand grains can be measured using the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which measures the ability of a harder mineral to scratch a softer mineral. This scale ranges from 1, being the softest (talc), up to 10 being the hardest (diamonds). Typically, sands containing high silica content would have a hardness of around 7 using the Mohs scale.
The actual percentage of silica in sands can vary from around 80% up to 99.99%. Industrial silica sands are characterised by their high silica content (above 95% SiO2), which is usually in the form of quartz. Generally, whiter, paler coloured sands have fewer impurities. Typical impurities would normally include Iron oxide (Fe2O3) and Alumina (Al2O3), however, surface clays, feldspar, pyrite, chromite, coal, lignite, sea shells or chloride salts could be present.
The terms: silver sand, beach sand, soft sand, sharp sand and silica sand, are all used, but what do they refer to?
It would be safe to assume that "beach sands" originate from coastlines and estuaries. The term "sharp sand" is used to describe coarsely graded sands. These sands would feel quite gritty when rubbed between your fingers. "Soft sand" is a term used to describe finely graded sands, these would feel more silky when rubbed between your fingers. "Silver sand" and "silica sand" are just generic terms used to describe any pale or light coloured sand.
Sand extraction and processing
Sand can be obtained using various extraction methods, including: underground mines, open cast mines (quarries) or dredged from the sea or river beds. The source of extraction will usually determine the impurities present in the final sand grade. For example, sea dredged sands would tend to have higher chloride salt and calcium (lime) content. All sand deposits contain material having a wide range of grain sizes, usually mixed with clay and gravel. These sand deposits will require extensive processing to remove the unwanted stones, oversize grains and clay.
MicroscopeThere are numerous types of sand processing equipment available. The most basic process would involve the "as dug" sand passing through a screener to remove any oversize material (stones or gravel). This would not change the composition or grading of the raw material in any other way.
An improvement on this would be a basic wash plant which would, typically, consist of at least one screener combined with some form of holding vessel or open topped tank filled with water. Whilst this process would reduce the silt and clay content, it would not sort the grains or improve the particle size distribution.
Whilst a simple form of processing may be acceptable for some basic building/construction applications, it would not be suitable for sports turf use.
It is essential that sands used for sports turf are processed using a washing plant. Even small amounts of clay will negatively affect the drainage properties of any sand. The most basic washing plant will rinse the material and remove some silt and clay, sometimes these basic wash plants require the sand to be double washed, or even triple washed, to improve the cleanliness of the finished product.
Industrial silica sands are processed using sophisticated wash plants. Millions of pounds worth of investment is required for such plants. These will not only wash the sand effectively, they will also separate the incoming sand into two or more different grades. This process is commonly termed "hydro classification". This plant would usually consist of density separators, cyclones, dewatering screens, numerous pumps and extensive lengths of pipeline and conveyors, large lagoons all operated using sophisticated computer controlled software.
Various sand grades, for example "medium-coarse" and "medium-fine", are produced using a continuous process which utilises gravity to sort sand grain sizes whilst dispersed in water. Coarser (heavier) grains will settle towards the base of the tank for discharge, whilst finer (lighter) grains will remain suspended in water towards the top of the tank. These finer grains are removed as the water overflows. This process will produce consistently graded sand grades, irrespective of fluctuations with the incoming "as dug" material. It will also produce a tightly graded product with uniform sand grain sizes which are ideal for sports turf.
Some industrial sand processing plants may also include: magnetic separation, sand attrition or even hot acid leaching.
Particle size distribution
sievesSieve grading, or particle size distribution, is carried out using laboratory analysis. Standard procedures must be followed at each stage, from initial sampling through to sample reduction and final testing.
The first stage is to obtain a representative sample from the stockpile. This large sample then has to be reduced in size. It is this smaller, dried sample, of around 100g, which is then mechanically shaken through a set of sieves for a predetermined length of time, usually fifteen minutes. Various sieve mesh sizes are used depending on the grain size distribution of sand being tested. If the sand being tested contains any amount of clay or organic material, it would require washing and drying prior to sieve analysis, otherwise the individual grains would stick together, giving a false 'coarser' result.
For sportsturf, the majority of sand grains should fall between the sizes of 0.125mm and 1.0mm. Even when the majority of sand grains fall between these sizes, we still need to identify what percentage of sand grains fall within individual categories, e.g. coarse sand (0.500-1.000mm), medium sand (0.250-0.500mm), fine sand (0.125-0.250mm).
We can use the information obtained from a particle size distribution (PSD) analysis in a number of ways. One is to calculate the Average Grain Size (AGS), which is normally quoted in microns. Whilst this information is helpful, it does not give an indication as to the spread of particle sizes present.
A more useful method is to calculate "D Values" from the cumulate percent passing curve. Any given D value is the particle size diameter at which a given cumulative percentage of material is indicated to pass. For example, if the D90 Value was shown as 650 microns, this would indicate that 90% of material is smaller than 650 microns. D Values can be used to show the potential for interpacking by calculating the D90/D10 ratio (Gradation Index). They are also used to ascertain whether drainage gravels are compatible with the rootzone layer (bridging factor).
Grain shape
Grain Shape DiagramThis refers to two attributes: one being the grain surface texture or angularity, and the other being grain roundness or sphericity. Grain shape is influenced by nature, and is entirely dependent on the weathering and erosion subjected to each grain at the time when they were formed and/or deposited. Glacial deposits and some river "alluvial" sand deposits tend to have a more rounded grain surface, whereas carboniferous sandstone deposits would typically have a more angular grain surface.
Sands having an angular or sub-angular grain surface are preferred when used in golf bunkers, as this gives greater stability and less ball plugging due to greater frictional resistance, whereas rounded sands are preferred for use in synthetic turf infill due to them being less abrasive to the carpet.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity
Sometimes referred to as Perc rate or Ksat. This is one of the most critical tests where sands are used in sports turf. The main reason for using sand is to achieve adequate water movement from the surface through to the drainage below. This test is used to give an indication as to the amount of water that would


text:
Cities in the USA
World-record Snowfalls During April
World Record 24-hour Snowfall at Silver Lake, Colorado
The greatest 24-hour snowfall officially measured in the world was the 75.8" that fell at Silver Lake, Colorado (in the mountains just west of Boulder) on April 14-15, 1921. The storm total was an amazing 95.0" over a 32½ hour period.
Storm precipitation (melted—in inches) total for Silver Lake event from April 1-15, 1921 Map from 'Monthly Weather Review', Feb. 1953, p. 39.
World-record Single Greatest Snowfall in the Sierra Nevada
The greatest single-storm snowfall on record in the world was 194" (over 16 feet!) that fell during a massive spring blizzard at the Sierra Nevada railway summit station of Norden over the four day period of April 20-23, 1880. Sacramento, California's capital city, received a record two-day rainfall of 8.37" during this event.
An historic photo of the Norden station during the winter of 1887.
World-record 19-hour Snowfall and European Record
Europe's greatest 24-hour snowfall happened at Bessans in the French Alps on April 5-6, 1959 when 67.8" accumulated in just 19 hours (a world record for a 19 hour period).
Bessans, France is a popular ski resort in the French Alps.
Some All-time Single-Greatest Storm Snowfall Records in the U.S.A. that occurred during April and May
The Southern Appalachians have also recorded some phenomenal late season snowfalls including a reported 60.0" accumulation at Newfound Gap, North Carolina on April 2-5, 1987 and, even more incredible, another 60.0" accumulation at Mount Pisgah, North Carolina on May 5-8, 1992!
Some Historic Pre-NWS Late Season Snowstorms
The May 4th Snowstorm in 1774
A general snowfall of around 4" occurred from northern Virginia to southern New England. Both Philadelphia and New York City reported "a considerable quantity of snow". Thomas Jefferson and George Washington both noted the event in their diaries.
The Great April Fools Day Snow of 1807
Probably the deepest April snowfall in modern history occurred on April 1, 1807 from Illinois to the Mid-Atlantic. The track of the storm was not the usual coastal nor'easter variety that normally produces great snows but rather the low moved northeast from the lower Tennessee Valley and across the mid-Atlantic states and offshore around New York City. To the north of the storm path incredible snowfalls were reported. The westernmost report we have came from Vincennes on the Illinois-Indiana border with an 11" accumulation but it was in Pennsylvania, New York and New England that astonishing snowfall was reported including: 52" at Montrose, Pennsylvania near Scranton; 54" at Utica, New York, 52" at Lunenburg, Vermont; 60" at Danville, Vermont; 48" at Montpelier, Vermont; and 42-48" at Norfolk, Connecticut.
The June 1816 Snows of the 'Year without Summer'
Most famous of all cold and snowy late season events would have to be the infamous 1816 'Year without Summer' and the snowfall in June that occurred in the eastern U.S. and Canada. On June 6th accumulating snow was observed as far south as the Catskills in New York (where one inch was reported) and highlands of central and northwest Pennsylvania. Snowflakes were seen at sea level as far south as ten miles north of tidewater on the Hudson River just north of New York City. The deepest accumulations were reported in the mountains of Vermont where drifts of 12-18" were measured. Quebec City in Canada reported 12" on level with drifts up to two feet deep.
The even Greater Snow of June 1842
It should be noted that June snowfall in the Northeast is not a unique event to 1816. On June 11, 1842 widespread snow fell over northern New York and New England and snowflakes were observed in Cleveland, Ohio; Boston, Massachusetts; and even Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (a low elevation site). Accumulations of 10-12" were common in Vermont, so this event was actually more extreme than the more famous snow of June 1816.
REFERENCE: Early American Winters: Vol 1: _PHONE_ and Vol 2: _PHONE_ by David M. Ludlum, American Meteorological Society, 1966, 1968.
Updated: 10:02 PM GMT on April 22, 2011
A A A
March 2011 Global Weather Extremes Summary
March 2011 Global Weather Extremes Summary
Extreme weather highlights for this past March include a stormy month in California, wild temperature swings in Asia with record rainfall in Thailand and relief from the prolonged drought in China.
Below are some of the month's highlights.
A series of powerful storms slammed California during the month resulting in 21 days of measureable precipitation in San Francisco and bringing the Sierra snowpack to its highest level since 1995. Seasonal snowfall at Donner Summit approached 740" by the end of the month (the record seasonal snowfall was 819" in _PHONE_). The 3-year-long drought emergency in California was officially rescinded.
Up to ten feet of snow buried the Soda Springs General Store and Post Office near California's Donner Summit the week ending March 28th. Photo by Rich Pedroncelli.
A sharp cold front passed over the Northeast on March 5-7 resulting in some wild temperature swings and heavy precipitation. In Houlton, Maine the temperature rose from -24°F on March 4 to 47°F on March 7 (an amazing 71°F rise!) and then dropped back to -4°F by March 9. One of the city's heaviest 3-day precipitation accumulations also resulted when 3.24" were measured March 5-7, mostly in the form of rain.
The Tampa-St. Petersburg metro area reported heavy flooding at the end of the month when 8.19" of rain fell March 28-31.
The coldest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere for the month was measured at Summit Station, Greenland on March 17 with a -77.8°F (-61.0°C) reading.
Torrential rain in the southern Brazilian states of Parana, Rio do Sul, and Santa Catarina resulted in severe flooding and mudslides March 11-14. At least 12 lives were lost and 2700 homes were destroyed leaving 8000 homeless.
Unusually warm weather towards the end of the month (15°F above normal) resulted in a deadly avalanche in the Swiss canton of Valais on March 25. Five skiers were killed while traversing a high altitude piste near the Great St. Bernard Pass.
An all-time national heat record was set for the Republic of Congo when the temperature reached 102.6°F (39.2°C) at Mpouya on March 8. The previous record was 102.2°F (39.0°C) at Impfondo on May 14, 2005. The capital city of Kinshasa may also have broken its all-time heat record with a 98.6°F (37.0°C) reading on March 28. The hottest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere and also for the whole world for the month of March was recorded at Kiffa, Mauritania on March 30th with a 114.8°F (46.0°C) reading. The hottest temperature for the month in the Southern Hemisphere was measured at Vioolsdrif, South Africa on March 1 when 111.9°F (44.4°C) was recorded.
Perhaps the most anomalous weather event of the month was the series of invasions of cold air into Southeast Asia during what is normally one of their hottest months of the year. On March 17th Bangkok recorded its coolest daytime high on record for any month when the temperature failed to rise above 68°F (normal high for the date was 93°F) at the Don Maung Airport location. Another cold blast at the end of the month brought a high of just 71°F on March 29th. The month ended up being the coldest March on record for the city. The invasion of cold air into the Gulf of Thailand resulted in phenomenal rainfall on the resort island of Ko Samui where 43.92" of rain fell during the single week of March 23-30. Of this, 16.33" fell on just March 28th possibly a national 24-hour record for rainfall for Thailand (another 7.72" fell the following day!). The worst flooding in many years killed at least 25 in the south of the country and hundreds of tourists had to be evacuated by air from some island resorts.
This NASA composed image of accumulated rainfall for the week ending March 30 indicates up to 48" of rainfall fell over Thailand's Kra Isthmus.
A flooded street on the tourist resort of Ko Samui on March 28th following the fall of 20" of rain in the previous 24 hours. Photo by Rungroj Yongrit.
Meanwhile, west of Southeast Asia, March was one of the hottest such on record for portions of Bangladesh and India. Mumbai (Bombay)


text:
Posted 13 July 2011, by Staff, Kruger To Canyons Biosphere Region, kruger2canyons.org
Communities have rights to access natural resources and they also have rights to have their traditional knowledge protected, but often remain ignorant of both. Even where they do know their rights, they lack the opportunities to discuss the issues within their communities.
The drawing up of Bio-cultural Protocols globally assists these communities in not only protecting their traditional knowledge and traditionally used resources, but also assists them in gaining access to historically used resources or areas for resource use/ collection that has in recent years become unavailable to them.
This document is a bio-cultural protocol developed in conjunction with the Traditional Health Practitioners of Bushbuckridge in 2009-2010. It is written in 3 languages (English, Shangaan and Pedi) and outlines their roles in the community, challenges they face as well as their rights according to the protection of their Traditional Knowledge (TK)
This document has been produced on the process involved in the development of the Bio-cultural Protocol and is for the benefit of replication of this project – either in different regions within K2C or different beneficiary groups, or alternatively for different organisations within South Africa.
The Bio-Cultural Protocol Document is available in.pdf format here: _URL_


70% of the Iranian youth surf internet illegally
Meet Hackers
Iranian government has announced in a report that 23.5 million youth is using web in Iran and among 69.3 percent are using vpn's and proxies to access the global internet.Presently citizen of Iran is often facing firewall when trying to access websites that doesn't meet Iranian government internet censorship policy.In Iran using vpn is illegal and is violating the governement law,which can lead user for punishment.
excluding to this,Iran has a policy of filtering online content which leaves major and famous websites like "facebook "twitter" "youtube",iranian cannot access these websites without using vpn or proxies.
according to the filtering advocates of Iran,Internet censorship in Iran helps to protect people from immoral content,such pornographic websites and other content.but with the use of vpn major citizen of iran is able to breaks down the restrictions.
last month Iran permit 3g mobile internet licenses for two Iranian companies which was considered the first step towards providing easier internet access on Iran,
but with filtering policy Iranian government are also accused of deliberately slowing the internet which makes Iranian users difficult to access on non-restricted websites.The 3g permit granting caused controversy with some of the country's officials who said video calls functions on smartphones could open youngsters to dubious content.
later on The ministry of telecommunication,technology and information said that video calling wont be available until and unless skype or facetime and any other video calling service being accessible on normal internet connections.
meet hackers


Export (0) Print
Expand All
This topic has not yet been rated - Rate this topic
IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify Interface
Notifies the hierarchy of refactoring operations.
Namespace: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop
Assembly: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop.8.0 (in Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop.8.0.dll)
public interface IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify
The IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify type exposes the following members.
Public methodOnAddParamsCalled after a method had parameters added.
Public methodOnBeforeAddParamsCalled when a method is about to have parameters added.
Public methodOnBeforeGlobalSymbolRenamedCalled when a symbol is about to be renamed.
Public methodOnBeforeRemoveParamsCalled when a method is about to have parameters removed.
Public methodOnBeforeReorderParamsCalled when a method is about to have parameters reordered.
Public methodOnGlobalSymbolRenamedCalled after a symbol is renamed.
Public methodOnRemoveParamsCalled after a method had parameters removed.
Public methodOnReorderParamsCalled after a method had parameters reordered.
To support refactoring operations, your project system must implement the IVsHierarchy, which represents a hierarchy, IVsProject, and IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify interfaces. You also must implement a language service to provide support for the features associated with editing of the source code including the refactoring operations. For more information about the language service, see Language Service Interfaces.
By implementing IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify, you provide your language service with the capability to notify the IVsHierarchy interface about refactoring operations, such as symbolic renaming or parameter reordering. If the hierarchy uses build providers, single file generators or some other services to generate code, it must obtain a reference to the object that implements the IVsRefactorNotify interface.
Each project system and a language service define a specific way of obtaining a reference to the IVsRefactorNotify object. For example, the Visual Basic and Visual C# desktop project systems obtain a reference to the object that implements IVsRefactorNotify by calling IUnknown::QueryInterface on the object that implements IVsSingleFileGenerator. The Visual Basic and Visual C# Web project systems call QueryService by using a Guid registered under the HKLM\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\8.0\Projects\{project-system-guid}\FileExtensions\{file extension}\RefactorNotify registry key. The hierarchy passes the notification to the IVsRefactorNotify object to incorporate the refactoring operation into the designer file or to stop the operation and return an error message via IErrorInfo. The designer file can be any of the input files provided by Visual Studio, such as.resx,.xsd,.settings,.map and.myapp files or any other file extension associated with a code generator or build provider.
To successfully complete the full refactoring operation, the hierarchy must check out the files passed to the IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify and the files returned from corresponding IVsRefactorNotify method calls.
The hierarchy must display an error message in the message box when the refactoring operation fails.
Flow of Operation
 1. The user invokes symbolic renaming or any other refactoring operation.
 2. The Visual Studio language service determines which code files the operation affects.
 3. The language service calls IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify.OnBefore methods to notify the hierarchy which files are affected by this operation.
 4. The hierarchy determines if any affected files are generated from the designer files.
 5. If files are generated, the hierarchy obtains a reference to the object that implements IVsRefactorNotify and sends the IVsRefactorNotify.OnBefore notifications to the IVsRefactorNotify implementer for each generated file.
 6. The IVsRefactorNotify implementer can stop the operation by returning a failure and setting an error by calling the M:Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop.IVsUIShell.SetErrorInfo(System.Int32,System.String,System.UInt32,System.String,System.String) method. If the IVsRefactorNotify implementer does not want to stop the operation, it determines which designer files the operation affects and returns the set of files to IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify in the out array, VSITEMID.
 The IVsRefactorNotify implementer must not update the designer files at this point. The files must be updated during the second call to the IVsRefactorNotify.On methods, for example, during the OnGlobalSymbolRenamed method call. The IVsRefactorNotify.OnBefore method calls enable the hierarchy to check out the generated files as a unit. The hierarchy has the option to stop the entire operation before any changes are made, if one of the code generators cannot consume the refactor operation.
 7. If the IVsRefactorNotify implementer returns a failure, the hierarchy must alert the user about the error. The hierarchy can continue the operation or cancel and stoop the refactor operation. If the operation is stopped, the HRESULT contains the following values:
 8. If the IVsRefactorNotify implementer returns successfully or the caller requests to continue on failure, the hierarchy must check out the files passed to IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify and files returned from corresponding IVsRefactorNotify methods calls.
 Some refactor operations do not cause changes in the designer file and, therefore, the designer file is not automatically checked out. The IVsRefactorNotify implementer must request a check out of the designer file, if the content is changed by the identified refactoring operation. This is accomplished by returning the VSITEMID that identifies the designer file in the out array. An example of a scenario where a designer file does not need to be checked out is when a namespace, which is stored outside the designer file, changes. The designer file does not need to be checked out even though the generated code file has changed.
 9. After checkout, the hierarchy returns from the IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify.OnBefore call to the language service.
 10. The language service carries out the refactoring operation.
 11. The language service notifies the hierarchy about the completion of the refactoring operation by calling the IVsHierarchyRefactorNotify.On methods, such as OnGlobalSymbolRenamed, and the hierarchy notifies all IVsRefactorNotify implementers by calling the IVsRefactorNotify.On methods, such as OnGlobalSymbolRenamed. The equivalent refactoring change is made in the designer files. This assures that the refactoring operation remains preserved.
Did you find this helpful?
(1500 characters remaining)
Thank you for your feedback
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


text:
Source:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106:3119-24, 2009
Proteins with nontrivial topology, containing knots and slipknots, have the ability to fold to their native states without any additional external forces invoked. A mechanism is suggested for folding of these proteins, such as YibK and YbeA, that involves an intermediate configuration with a slipknot. It elucidates the role of topological barriers and backtracking during the folding event. It also illustrates that native contacts are sufficient to guarantee folding in approximately 1-2% of the simulations, and how slipknot intermediates are needed to reduce the topological bottlenecks. As expected, simulations of proteins with similar structure but with knot removed fold much more efficiently, clearly demonstrating the origin of these topological barriers. Although these studies are based on a simple coarse-grained model, they are already able to extract some of the underlying principles governing folding in such complex topologies.