- UVCLEDonline.Com
LEDs, being monochromatic sources and being available in wide range of pure colors, are the only light sources that can be tailored to give right spectrum & do wonderful things for plant growth. Plants grow quicker and healthier than under other, traditional lighting methods such as HPS, and if the LEDs are good, then even better than under natural sunlight.
Most popular plant growth LEDs lights are purple/pink Not All light sources contain a full spectrum of colors – some light sources contain some of the colors. however Sunlight contains all spectrum colors and it feeds plants with either energy to trigger certain metabolic reactions or influence the behaviour. Different color LED chips placed inside the light, give different kind of response from plants. It is said that, if we want plants to grow tall, increase the amount of far-red, yellow, orange and green chips inside the luminaire. If we want plants to be compact, put more blue or UV colored chips. It seems, these kinds of responses are encoded in plants' DNA and when designing LED lamps, we can count on plants responding the way nature has designed them to.
Two essential light colors to be placed in an LED lamp are: red and blue.
The combination of these two sets of effects will, in simple terms, get the plant from seed to the vegetative stage and eventually to flowering, but much slower than under continuous spectra a.k.a spectra that contain more than just red and blue. Adding some other spectrum colors such as green, could enhance the leaf expansion rate and stem elongation, which in turn results in higher biomass (yield) accumulation. Adding UV wavelenghts affects the accumulation of compounds such as phenolics which could boost the flavor of the end product or its health benefits to humans. Kwality Photonics has played a responsible role in the research work on plant growth in few Indian Universities since last 10 years - Hyderabad Central University, Assam University, BITS Pilani-Goa etc, by designing & delivering tailored spectrum LED sources in high & very high power configurations with controls easy enough to be used by Biologists ( as opposed engineers). In near future, Kwality Photonics LEDs group would like to help any commercial enterprise to produce indoor tabletop leafy vegetable plant growing appliances. They research the plant behaviour & we do the LED & the engineering!
Our research says, not any red or Blue will suffice. There are specific wavelengths within the Blue 400-460nm band and the Red 600-800nm Bands. We understand this and produce propreitory narrowest possible spectrum of the desired peak wavelength. Further, the intensity and the exposure time cycles can be played with, to optimize the yields, much higher than just steady lighting 24/7.
Can one use normal led lights to grow plants indoors?
Can I use normal led lights to grow plants indoors? - Quora 2013 Yes, regular LED bulbs can be used to grow plants in house - but suboptimally. As Blue has major role, A coolwhite LED of 6000K CCt containing higher amount of blues is preferred over warmwhite LED containing less blue but more Red color. In either case there is wasted energy in green part of the spectrum. Total expended cost of Power will decide the viability of bio produce, so go for Blue & Red lights, for growing plants.
Edit Oct2018: I've become wiser to know that several other colors can be used by the plant growers to manipulate the rate of growth, succulence, the color and the taste of the fruit/leaf! Here is the summary. Here is the summary in terms of the spectral distribution:
Fig 3. Spectrum of the Midday Sun (Yellow) & Plant Photosynthetic Function Distribution PPFD
Grow Light LEDs & Linear Lights for Plug n Play use by Housewives & Horticulturists
Listen to the producers & users from abroad & India
"When plants grow, they live off two main colors–red and blue. Red light is essential for photosynthesis and is responsible for controlling your plant's height. This red light also lets your plant know that it has no competition in light absorption and it is free to fully grow and develop. Blue light is responsible for flowering, budding, and the expansion of leaves."
If your plants aren't receiving a sufficient amount of regular sunlight, they will grow tall and the leaves will be lighter in color. Once this happens, it's time to take action and get some additional light."
"Weed plants have a bit different nature and requirements regarding sustainability and hence need a properly lighted environment for the better life.Weed plant need light as close to natural sunlight as possible."
"A light which has the majority of blue spectrum suits plants passing through the vegetation phase. This sort of light usually creates the purple effect in the grow space by delivering a dominant blue spectrum to the plants.
On the other hand, red colored spectrum is vital for plants growing through a flowering phase. However it's good to use light with the majority of the blue band in its spectrum so that plants can produce resinous and heavyweight flowers at the time of harvest."
"One of the greatest benefits of using an LED light is that it does not create too much heat. Therefore, you can maintain an optimum temperature within the indoor grow area. Another benefit of using an LED grow lamp is that it can support the plants at all stages of growth.
As a LED grow lamp can create a defined light spectrum, it can help the plants grow healthier and faster. Plus, they use low energy and reduce the electricity bill."
41 views0 comments
Recent Posts
See All


text:
It is also considered to be the final stage of the journey of life.
Defining End of Life
The evidence does not support a precise definition of the interval referred to as end of life or its transitions. In 2004, the National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science issues as part of their Conference Statement a comment on the definition of end of life:
There is no exact definition of end of life; however, research supports the following components:
- 1. The presence of a chronic disease(s) or symptoms or functional impairments that persist but may also fluctuate; and
- 2. The symptoms or impairments resulting from the underlying irreversible disease that require formal either paid, professional or informal unpaid or volunteer care and can lead to death.
End of Life Care
End of Life Care is the care provided to a person in their final stages of life. Also known as hospice care, comfort care, supportive care, palliative care or symptom management.
National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference: Statement on Improving End-of-Life Care. 6-8 December 2004. 4 November 2006.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Species diversity, origin and biogeography
Species diversity: The tradition of recognizing perching birds (Passeriformes) as the most diverse and rapidly radiating clade has been questioned because there are few obvious "key innovations" that should cause systematists to recognize Passeriformes over any other arbitrarily larger or smaller monophyletic group within birds (Raikow, 1986). One point that has been missed in debates on this issue is that the branch leading to the songbirds (oscines), a group comprising 80% of extant perching birds, is the longest internal branch on the DNA hybridization tree produced by Sibley and Ahlquist (1990). This branch has also been one of the few to be well resolved in applications of mtDNA sequences to higher level questions in birds, presumably because it is long. Given the large number of clades that will require names under phylogenetic taxonomy, perhaps the length of branches leading to particular clades should be one criterion whereby systematists decide which of the many clades to name.
Origin and biogeography of passerines: The temporal and geographic origin of passerine birds is obscure. Traditionally the group was thought to have originated in the Tertiary, at about the same time as extant orders of mammals. Some recent workers favor a later, Eocene origin (Feduccia, 1995; Wilson, 1989), but the DNA -DNA hybridization data again favors an earlier origin (Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990). Recently some of the oldest oscine fossils have been uncovered in Queensland, Australia (Boles, 1995); this and other paleobiogeographical data suggest that passerines may have in fact originated in the Southern hemisphere (Olson, 1989).
- Boles, W. E. (1995). The world's oldest songbird. Nature 374, 21-22.
- Feduccia, A. (1995). Explosive radiation in Tertiary birds and mammals. Science 267, 637-638.
- Olson, S. L. (1989). Aspects of global avifaunal dynamics during the Cenozoic. In Proceedings of the XIX International Ornithological Congress, vol. 29, pp. 2023-2029. Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Raikow, R. J. (1986). Why are there so many kinds of passerine birds? Systematic Zoology 35, 255-259.
- Sibley, C. G. and Ahlquist, J. E. (1990). Phylogeny and Classification of Birds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Wilson, A. C. (1989). Time scale for bird evolution. Proceedings of the XIX International Ornithological Congress 19, _PHONE_.
No one has provided updates yet.


text:
santaclaus wrote:suppose f(-3)=5/8 and f(2)=20. Find a formula for f assuming it is
a. linear y=mx +b so slope was 155/8. If I put it into the formula y=19 3/8x -18 3/4
To find the slope
, you need to divide the difference of the y-values by the difference of the x-values.
santaclaus wrote:b. exponential
f(20) =20. P=f(t)=abt
then put one equation over th eother to get b5=32, so b=2
Once you've determined that b = 2 (I get the same value, by the way), then back-solve to find the value of "a". Then write the function f(t) = a*bt
, plugging in your values for "a" and "b".


text:
Upgrade to remove ads
Honors English semester one final literary terms
Terms in this set (13)
Your choice of words in speech and writing
An idea or feeling the word invokes in addition to its literal Or primary meaning. Usually positive, negative, or neutral.
In literature, move is a literary element that invokes certain feelings or vibes in the readers through words and descriptions. Usually mood is referred to as the Atmosphere of a literary peace, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers.
Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character
Internal versus external conflict
The psychological struggle within the mind of a literary or dramatic character, versus the struggle between a literary or dramatic character and an outside force such as nature or another character.
The central idea or ideas explored in the story or text
And object that represents an idea.
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
The attribution of a person nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.
The art of persuasive thinking and writing. Ethos, pathos, and logos are all examples of rhetoric.
Ethos is an appeal to ethics, and it means convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader
Pathos is an appeal to emotion, and it is a way of convincing the audience of an argument by creating an emotional response
Logos is an appeal to logic, and it is a way of persuading an audience by reason.
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...
Honors Bio Final
Honors English semester one vocabulary words
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...
Honors ELA Semester 1 Final Review
Cyrano lit terms
OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR
Honors Bio Cumulative Final
Honors Biology Evolution Exam Material
Genetics chapter test Honors Bio
Small scale genetic mutations


text:
DSMC-fluid solver with dynamic localisation of kinetic effects
Seminar Room 1, Newton Institute
AbstractIn the present work, we present a novel numerical algorithm to couple the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) for the solution of the Boltzmann equation with a finite volume like method for the solution of the Euler equations. Recently we presented in,, different methodologies which permit to solve fluid dynamics problems with localized regions of departure from thermodynamical equilibrium. The methods rely on the introduction of buffer zones which realize a smooth transition between the kinetic and the fluid regions. In this talk we extend the idea of buffer zones and dynamic coupling to the case of the Monte Carlo methods. To facilitate the coupling and avoid the onset of spurious oscillations in the fluid regions which are consequence of the coupling with a stochastic numerical scheme, we use a new technique which permits to reduce the variance of the particle methods. In addition, the use of this method permits to obtain estimations of the breakdowns of the fluid models less affected by fluctuations and consequently to reduce the kinetic regions and optimize the coupling. P.Degond, S.Jin, L. Mieussens, A Smooth Transition Between Kinetic and Hydrodynamic Equations, Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 209, pp. 665-694, (2005). P.Degond, G. Dimarco, L. Mieussens., A Moving Interface Method for Dynamic Kinetic-fluid Coupling. J. Comp. Phys., Vol. 227, pp. _PHONE_, (2007). P.Degond, G. Dimarco, L. Mieussens., A Multiscale Kinetic-Fluid Solver with Dynamic Localization of Kinetic Effects. J. Comp. Phys., Vol. 229, pp.4907-4933, (2010). P. Degond, G. Dimarco, L. Pareschi, The Moment Guided Monte Carlo Method, To appear in International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids.
If it doesn't, something may have gone wrong with our embedded player.
We'll get it fixed as soon as possible.


text:
🧮 Fuel Economy
Miles per Gallon to Kilometer per Liter
The fuel economy conversion of 50 miles per gallon is ~21.258503401361 kilometer per liter.
|Miles per Gallon||Kilometer per Liter|
Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio from effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated as a continuous energy profile. Non-transportation applications, such as industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process.


text:
Applies To: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2
The User-Name RADIUS attribute is a character string that typically contains a user account location and a user account name. The user account location is also called the realm or realm name, and is synonymous with the concept of domain, including DNS domains, Active Directory® domains, and Windows NT 4.0 domains. For example, if a user account is located in the user accounts database for a domain named example.com, then example.com is the realm name.
In another example, if the User-Name RADIUS attribute contains the user name _EMAIL_, user1 is the user account name and example.com is the realm name. Realm names can be presented in the user name as a prefix or as a suffix:
Example\user1. In this example, the realm name Example is a prefix; and it is also the name of a Windows NT 4.0 domain.
_EMAIL_. In this example, the realm name example.com is a suffix; and it is either a DNS domain name or the name of an Active Directory domain.
You can use realm names configured in connection request policies while designing and deploying your RADIUS infrastructure to ensure that connection requests are routed from RADIUS clients, also called network access servers, to RADIUS servers that can authenticate and authorize the connection request.
When NPS is configured as a RADIUS server with the default connection request policy, NPS processes connection requests for the domain in which the NPS server is a member and for trusted domains.
To configure NPS to act as a RADIUS proxy and forward connection requests to untrusted domains, you must create a new connection request policy. In the new connection request policy, you must configure the User Name attribute with the realm name that will be contained in the User-Name attribute of connection requests that you want to forward. You must also configure the connection request policy with a remote RADIUS server group. The connection request policy allows NPS to calculate which connection requests to forward to the remote RADIUS server group based on the realm portion of the User-Name attribute.
Acquiring the realm name
The realm name portion of the user name is provided when the user types password-based credentials during a connection attempt or when a Connection Manager (CM) profile on the user's computer is configured to provide the realm name automatically.
You can designate that users of your network provide their realm name when typing their credentials during network connection attempts.
For example, you can require users to type their user name, including the user account name and the realm name, in User name in the Connect dialog box when making a dial-up or virtual private network (VPN) connection.
In addition, if you create a custom dialing package with the Connection Manager Administration Kit (CMAK), you can assist users by adding the realm name automatically to the user account name in CM profiles that are installed on users' computers. For example, you can specify a realm name and user name syntax in the CM profile so that the user only has to specify the user account name when typing credentials. In this circumstance, the user does not need to know or remember the domain where their user account is located.
During the authentication process, after users type their password-based credentials, the user name is passed from the access client to the network access server. The network access server constructs a connection request and includes the realm name within the User-Name RADIUS attribute in the Access-Request message that is sent to the RADIUS proxy or server.
If the RADIUS server is an NPS server, the Access-Request message is evaluated against the set of configured connection request policies. Conditions on the connection request policy can include the specification of the contents of the User-Name attribute.
You can configure a set of connection request policies that are specific to the realm name within the User-Name attribute of incoming messages. This allows you to create routing rules that forward RADIUS messages with a specific realm name to a specific set of RADIUS servers when NPS is used as a RADIUS proxy.
Attribute manipulation rules
Before the RADIUS message is either processed locally (when NPS is being used as a RADIUS server) or forwarded to another RADIUS server (when NPS is being used as a RADIUS proxy), the User-Name attribute in the message can be modified by attribute manipulation rules. You can configure attribute manipulation rules for the User-Name attribute by selecting User name on the Conditions tab in the properties of a connection request policy. NPS attribute manipulation rules use regular expression syntax.
You can configure attribute manipulation rules for the User-Name attribute to change the following:
Remove the realm name from the user name (also known as realm stripping).
For example, the user name _EMAIL_ is changed to user1.
Change the realm name but not its syntax.
For example, the user name _EMAIL_ is changed to _EMAIL_.
Change the syntax of the realm name.
For example, the user name example\user1 is changed to _EMAIL_.
After the User-Name attribute is modified according to the attribute manipulation rules that you configure, additional settings of the first matching connection request policy are used to determine whether:
The NPS server processes the Access-Request message locally (when NPS is being used as a RADIUS server).
The NPS server forwards the message to another RADIUS server (when NPS is being used as a RADIUS proxy).
|Incorrectly editing the registry can severely damage your system. Before making changes to the registry, you should back up any valued data on the computer.|
|When the user name does not contain a domain name, NPS supplies one. By default, the NPS-supplied domain name is the domain of which the NPS server is a member. You can specify the NPS-supplied domain name through the following registry setting:|
Some non-Microsoft network access servers delete or modify the domain name as specified by the user. As the result, the network access request is authenticated against the default domain, which might not be the domain for the user's account. To resolve this problem, configure your RADIUS servers to change the user name into the correct format with the accurate domain name.


text:
Botany and Horticulture Library
The Botany Library was established in the winter of _PHONE_ when the Botany Department moved into the newly-built West Wing of the Natural History Museum and several collections of botanical literature were consolidated into a separate library. It provides research support for the Botany Department and the large number of botanists world-wide who use the collections and resources.
The Horticulture Branch Library was established in 1984 as a research support resource for the Horticulture Services Division, which is responsible for the management of the gardens, grounds, greenhouses, and interior plantscaping at the Smithsonian Institution. The Library evolved from a small office collection that was begun in the early 1970s. Since that time, this collection has been enhanced by the donation of several large gifts. An acquisition in 1984 of more than 150 American titles on landscape design dating from the 19thand early 20th-centuries has become the foundation of a growing collection the subject. The collection has been placed next to the Botany Dept. library and is cared for by the Botany librarian.
The Botany Branch Library houses around 50,000 volumes, including both books and journals, supporting the major interests of the Botany Department. Emphasis is on all aspects of plant systematics, including palynology, molecular evolution, classification, identification, nomenclature, cladistics, floristics, and endangered and threatened species. Other related subjects are botanical history, especially of North and South America, ethnobotany, plant exploration, and botanical illustration. Geographical coverage is world-wide, with a special emphasis on the neotropics.
Botany Special Collections
Several gift collections are incorporated in the library: the John Donnell Smith Collection of general botany; the HitchcockChase collection, primarily on grasses; the E. Yale Dawson collection on algae and marine botany and the lichen portion of the John S. Stevenson collection on mycology. All are fully cataloged. The library also includes a general vertical file, which includes guides to many botanical gardens and arboreta, a biographical vertical file and a card index to biographical information in the botanical periodicals covering the year 1980 to the present.
The Horticulture Library houses more than 5,000 books, 2,700 volumes of periodicals, 10,000 trade catalogs, 40 running feet of subject files, and a growing collection of videotapes. The branch collects materials in historical and practical horticulture, garden history, and landscape design in America and its influences. Included in these broad subjects are:
- Interior plantscaping
- Plant exploration
- Garden preservation and restoration
- Garden ornaments, furnishings, and structures
- Integrated pest management
- Flower lore and design
- Botanical art
Particular strengths of the collection are in American gardens and gardening of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Horticulture Vertical Files
The Horticulture Library maintains six vertical files, the Subject Files, Institutional Files, Plant Materials Files, Biographical Files, Plant Society Files, and Current Seed and Nursery Catalogs Files. The Subject Files contain pamphlets, articles from journals, bibliographies, and other materials. The Institutional Files have brochures, pamphlets, publications, and clippings about botanical gardens, arboretums, etc. and are arranged alphabetically by state and city. Included in the Plant Materials Files is information on the cultivation of plants. Biographical Files include obituaries, theses, clippings on individual landscape practitioners, including landscape architects, authors, botanists, and artists. The Plant Society Files include information on publications, calendars of activities of societies, and membership information. Current Seed and Nursery Catalogs Files are heavily used by the Horticulture Services Division staff for planning the planting of gardens and for locating plant sources.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Property/Casualty Insurance Industry differs from many other sectors under Value Line coverage. The income, balance sheet and cash flow statements are unique, relative to those of the average industrial company. Below we discuss the operating measures and characteristics of, and provide investment guidance for, the P/C group.
The Income Statement
The top line of P/C Insurance companies differs from that of industrials. Instead of Revenues, insurers list Net Premiums Earned and Net Premiums Written. Net Premiums Written is the dollar amount of policies that the insurer underwrites. Net Premiums Earned is the actual dollar amount that the insurer receives from policyholders. Therefore, Net Premiums Written may be viewed as a leading indicator for Net Premiums Earned. In general, a NPW/NPE ratio of greater than 1.0 implies that the top line is in a growth phase.
Another measure that is unique to insurance companies is the Combined Ratio. The Combined Ratio is the sum of the Loss and Expense ratios. The Loss Ratio is the dollar amount of losses/claims that an insurer incurs divided by Net Premiums Earned. (Losses above $5 million are considered catastrophes.) The Expense Ratio is general operating costs for an insurance company divided by Net Premiums Written. Also, 100% minus the Combined Ratio is the Underwriting Margin. A Combined Ratio of over 100% shows that an insurer operates with an underwriting loss, while a ratio under 100% indicates an underwriting income. For example, if an insurer has a Loss Ratio of 60% and an Expense Ratio of 30%, its Combined Ratio would be 90%. This translates into an Underwriting Margin of 10%. The insurer generates $1 of pretax income for every $10 of policies in effect.
Another key line item on an insurer's income statement is Investment Income. Investment Income, net of immediate expenses, is known as Float. During times of rising interest rates, yields on alternative investments (and funds) increase. These yields represent an opportunity cost, or Cost of Float, to the insurer. Naturally, during periods of falling rates, the Cost of Float declines. Investment Income can be especially important for companies in times when disasters drive up losses or when there is a heavy buildup of business. Often, underwriting losses are substantial, leaving Investment Income as an insurer's sole source of earnings.
The Balance Sheet
Insurance companies tend to be conservative with regard to investment holdings. Therefore, high-quality fixed-income securities and blue chip stocks are typically found in their portfolios. In keeping with this posture, an insurer's debt-to-total capitalization ratio is usually below 35%. The group's risk-averse managements like to avoid high leverage.
One line item on the balance sheet that deserves special attention is Reserves. This is the buffer that an insurer has in place for catastrophic events. Generally, the Reserves-to-anticipated loss (over a 12-month period) ratio should be at least 2.5 to 1.0. Reinsurers, companies that undertake risk for primary insurers, prefer larger multiples.
Insurance company managers run challenging, complex businesses. For example, sometimes, it's opportune to cede policies to a reinsurer. In other words, if management feels that the risk of insuring a policy is too great, and the cost of reinsurance is reasonable, then it will sell it to a reinsurer. The dollar amount of business that a primary insurer cedes is the difference between Gross and Net Premiums Written.
Another measure of management's prowess that investors should consider is policy retentions. This is the total value of policies that stay on a company's books from one year to the next. A general rule is the higher an insurer's policy renewal rate, the lower the expense ratio.
Reserves on the balance sheet, and their impact on the bottom line, is another indication of management's ability. A company might, for instance, announce a sizable reserve-strengthening charge, which would curtail profits and may be an indication that management underestimated losses for a particular period. On the other hand, if an insurer releases reserves, boosting earnings, this reveals that reserve levels are healthy, or possibly excessive.
Also, the quality of an insurer's investment portfolio impacts profits. If a company holds a lot of poor investments, related write-offs could be significant. We don't include investment portfolio capital gains and losses in our Net Profit presentation, but it should be noted that these items are reflected in Shareholder's Equity.
Finally, managements have to deal with broader market conditions. A situation of industry overcapacity, for example, would likely curtail pricing power. Too, a large number of catastrophes, though detrimental to short-term earnings, might result in rate increases down the road, assuming the supply of available policies falls.
Earnings in the P/C Insurance industry tend to be a bit more volatile than average, given their close correlation with weather patterns and other difficult-to-predict events. Nevertheless, the Stock Price Stability of these equities is generally quite solid. Dividends provide a fair degree of support. We advise investors pay special attention to an insurer's balance sheet, focusing on reserves. What's more, an insurer that specializes in select market segments, or geographic regions, might be more exposed to a single catastrophic event than one that is broadly diversified.


Popular science | Liquidity mechanism of crypto derivatives
Author: Allison Lu
Translation & Proofreading: Min Min & A Jian
Source: Ethereum enthusiasts
In the process of trading crypto derivatives, liquidity is mainly affected by three aspects:
1. Risk: What risk exposures exist? Is there a standard (for example, each BitMEX perpetual contract holds $ 100,000 worth of Bitcoin) or is it customized (for example, Song and Lubin's famous bet)?
2. Custody: Where is my collateral? How to liquidate?
3. Transaction mechanism: How can the two parties to the transaction identify each other?
Although the above three aspects are related, this article mainly introduces the different types of trading mechanisms.
Centralized order book (also known as a centralized exchange)
-Traders see exchanges as counterparties in a centralized order bookThe most familiar way of trading derivatives is through a futures exchange. Exchange operators define standard terms for risk and clearing. In order to effectively carry out clearing management, the operator usually keeps the pledge of the trader. They are also responsible for maintaining a centralized order book and matching both parties to the transaction. Liquidity itself produces liquidity, and network effects are difficult to replace. Exchange operators may have a monopoly.
In addition, when trading on a managed futures exchange such as BitMEX, the counterparty to the trader is actually the exchange. If the exchange disappears, or if risk management is not in place, traders will lose their synthetic assets and collateral.
-Treating an exchange as a counterparty means that if the exchange goes down, traders will follow ggIn order to separate the various parts of the centralized order book without affecting its liquidity network effect, we can use smart contracts to separate the three areas of risk, custody and trading from each other. For example, UMA smart contracts can specify standard risk units in detail and keep the pledges of traders. However, both parties to a transaction can still identify each other through a centralized order book.
Distributed (also known as point-to-point)
-In peer-to-peer derivatives trading, traders directly tradeIn peer-to-peer transactions, both parties to a transaction can negotiate directly. The bet between Jimmy Song and Joe Lubin is one way to reach an agreement. However, they need to bear the risk that the other party may lie on their books. In this case, a smart contract can be used to lock the pledge to ensure that Jimmy does not overcharge. However, such peer-to-peer transactions may be relatively rare and highly customized, which makes it difficult to transfer risks and increase liquidity.
Decentralized Order Book (also known as OTC)
-In OTC transactions, users interact with market makers, which aggregates multiple liquidity poolsOver-the-counter trading is probably the best way. Similar to peer-to-peer transactions, buyers and sellers interact directly, so both parties can customize terms. However, unlike point-to-point trading, in OTC trading, professional market makers aggregate long and short positions and connect multiple liquidity pools (including traditional futures and spot markets). In this way, we can take advantage of the customized advantages of the point-to-point model and improve the overall market liquidity.
-Off-market making is a golden meanOTC market makers are very good at risk management. Whenever a market maker engages in derivative transactions with customers, it adjusts the investment portfolio to ensure risk balance, so the risk exposure of the underlying assets is very small. Most fiat currency derivatives are traded through this OTC mechanism. Although the number of major market makers is small, the liquidity of OTC derivatives is similar to the futures of most products. Over-the-counter derivatives are also profitable: In the last quarter alone, Goldman Sachs Group made more than $ 1 billion in profits through market making — the lowest profit in nearly a decade.
If you are interested in OTC trading and how to use UMA contracts to reduce transfer risks, please contact us.
Regardless of the method used to trade these derivatives, all derivatives need to be settled through price predictors (translator's note: there needs to be a way to confirm the market price and then judge the profitability of both parties). If you can control the oracle, it doesn't matter whether your counterparty has pledged a deposit in a "decentralized" smart contract: because you can steal its assets. Some fiat currency market oligarchs use their power to manipulate the pricing of derivatives1, 2. We believe that we can use the power of blockchain oracles to achieve network effects without relying on existing strong forces.
In the next article, we will discuss the importance of economic assurance for blockchain oracles, and our proposed solution: UMA Data Verification Mechanism (DVM).
1 _URL_
2 _URL_


Benefits Of Using A Pressure Washer
Pressure washing is one of the most effective methods used for cleaning surfaces with tough stains and buildup at the residential, commercial, and or any other business property in Broward County. It is an excellent way to maintain or restore the look of the property. You can hire a professional pressure washer like Champion Power Washing Pro in Broward County for the task. If you have the experience, you can also get a pressure washer machine. It is great to use on the concrete surface and it quickly and efficiently removes all the dirt from the surface. Pressure cleaning should be done at least once a year to prevent major damages or mold buildup.
Here are some benefits of why you should do pressure washing.
It is easy and environment friendly – Heavy cleaning is commonly done with the application of chemical cleaners. This cleaning is effective but can be harmful to the environment. In pressure washing, there is no use of harmful chemicals. It is just a blast of water with high velocity and the power of the water removes the dirt or stains without the use of any chemical. A pressure washer uses less water as the amount of force applied by washer means less water needed. It saves approximately 75% of water than the methods of cleaning. It means a small amount of water can do power cleaning.
Increases the value of your house – It helps you in increasing the value of the house. A clean house motivates the seller in increasing the curb value of the house. Properties that are pressure washed have a higher value than others.


'The World Hindi Diwas' organized by the Department of Hindi was celebrated virtually on January 09, 2021. The celebration was held to highlight the importance of Hindi Language and to sustain traditional values in children. The ceremonial lamp was virtually lit by Ms. Lalitha Premkumar, Vice Principal, Kindergarten and Primary Wing, IES. Ms. Swarna Saini, the HoD of Hindi, warmly welcomed the august gathering. The day's events were kickstarted with a speech on the importance of Hindi language by Aarnav Sagar Savant of 3B followed by the competitions that marked the day. The storytelling and the recitation of the primary section captivated the audience. The first, the second and the third prizes of storytelling competition were bagged by Aamina Qiyas Palekar (5F), Evanna Sarah Brijesh (6E), and Raghav Yogesh Rathod (5G) respectively. The first, the second and the third prizes of advertisement enacting competition were secured by Meera Manoj Nair (7D), Fida Ancy (8B) and Jia Rajiv Vasant (8D) respectively. Ms. Anselma Tessy Judeson, Vice Principal, Senior Wing, IES, congratulated the winners and the participants. The various competitions held on the day helped the students to explore their knowledge in Hindi language and experience its different hues and flavors.
You may also like
72nd Indian Republic Day Celebrations at IES
'Meet the Expert'- A Motivational Lecture on The Philosophy and Ideals of Swami Vivekananda.
A Dazzling Performance by IES at 'The Claude Martin Debates 2021'
Elizabeth Thomas


text:
About Letters A to Z
Letters A to Z is a captivating set of animated flashcards designed to help toddlers and preschoolers learn the letters of the English alphabet in a fun and engaging way. Each flashcard contains adorable characters and creatures that come to life in beautifully illustrated scenes accompanied by entertaining sound effects.
Letters A to Z is simple, intuitive and easy to use. Large buttons and clickable areas make it perfect for the fine motor skills of young children.
- Intuitively scroll to the next letter with a flick of the finger.
- Tap the large letter to hear the name of the letter.
- Tap the object to play a fun animation and hear the phonetic sound as part of a word.
Letters A to Z will help your young child learn the ABC's and keep them coming back for more.
Support & Suggestions
Feedback and suggestions are welcomed. Please email us at: _EMAIL_
- Compatible with iPhone and iPod touch
- Requires iPhone 2.2 Software Update
About True Learning
True Learning is a pioneering early learning curriculum with over 3,000 printable worksheets that span 6 core subjects over 4 levels of advancement: Math, Literacy, Thinking, Motor Skills, Art and World. With True Learning, ensure your child's readiness for preschool, kindergarten and beyond.


text:
IT market is developing day by day to meet the increased user demand. These days, tech savvy people feel embarrassed taking their laptops along with them to their business meetings, offices, and other places. These constraints have given rise to new technological advancements, which result in the introduction of many high-tech devices in the market. The best example can be of a tablet with Windows 8 on it, which has become a must-have computing device nowadays. Now, should we buy tablets with only Windows 8? This is the question, which comes into mind. By comparing positive and negative features of Windows 8 on a tablet, we can conclude to know whether it is good to have Windows 8 on tablet or not.
Many users review Windows 8 tablets positively. The main features, which they describe, are as follows:
1. Magical User Interface:
Tile-based user-interface is developed for the users, which is attractive as well as user friendly. This magical interface is supportive for the weather application, mail applications, social networking applications, and much more.
2. Access to Windows 7 Apps:
Tablet devices having Windows 8 allow users to access applications of Windows 7 as well. To get an access, users need to swap between two built-in interfaces provided in these devices.
3. Snap Multi-Tasking:
Two applications can simultaneously run in these devices using snap multitasking. You can also switch from one to another application anytime, but keep in mind that you cannot view all running applications on a single screen.
4. Copy Operations in a Single Dialog:
Windows 8 on these tablets allows users to perform copy operations in a single dialog instead of making individual selections.
Besides positive feedback, many users also review Windows 8 tablets negatively. It does not mean that these devices are not worthy, but everyone has his own grading based on his personal experience. The criticized features are as follows:
1. No Comfort Zone:
Windows 8 tablets introduced a new concept for people, but it did not gain much of their attention. This is because use of Windows 8 on touch-screen devices was almost non-existent before its launch, which made no difference in users' lives after the launch as well. Interface of these devices surely convinced and appealed users, but the usability feature does not end on friendly or attractive interface. Users do not feel comfortable while using it because they are not habitual of using such platforms regularly, which may take a very long time for their involvement.
2. No Surprises:
Yes! It does not have something surprising especially business people did not find it much valuable for them. Young generation or teenagers may love these tablets, but majority of the technology lovers will not care much. You can say that it's nothing but just an ordinary creation, like Vista on tablet.
3. Small Selection of Apps:
Limited applications are available in store to download. You will be amazed to know that even the official Facebook application is missing.
4. Installation is not Possible from Any other Source except Windows Store:
You cannot make downloads of your own choice. You can only have those software applications, which are widely available in Windows store. This also leaves a negative impact on the users.
Discussion regarding Windows 8 tables will never end too quickly, but based on provided users' reviews you can conclude that "Windows 8 Tablet Can't Replace Your Laptop" because it does not focus on all the user's expectations.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I've been asked to prove this.
In class we proved this when $n=15$, but our approached seemed unnecessarily complicated to me. We invoked Sylow's theorems, normalizers, etc. I've looked online and found other examples of this approach.
I wonder if it is actually unnecessary, or if there is something wrong with the following proof:
If $|G|=35=5\cdot7$, then by Cauchy's theorem, there exist $x,y \in G$ such that $o(x)=5$, $o(y)=7$. The order of the product $xy$ is then $\text{lcm}(5,7)=35$. Since we've found an element of $G$ of order 35, we conclude that $G$ is cyclic.
share|improve this question
I can't see what's wrong with it, but I have a hard time believing that so many people would overlook this proof it it were correct. – user18297 Oct 26 '11 at 17:58
If $x$ and $y$ commute then the order of $xy$ is the lcm, but you can't assume this. – stopple Oct 26 '11 at 18:03
In fact, even if $x$ and $y$ have finite order, it need not be that $xy$ has finite order. – JavaMan Oct 26 '11 at 18:05
(following DJC's comment) e.g. We can express the Fibonacci matrix (with infinite order) as the product of two matrices with finite order (the orders are 2 and 3, if memory serves). – The Chaz 2.0 Oct 26 '11 at 18:07
So try applying this to a group of order 21. What goes wrong (since there is a non-abelian group of that order, which is therefore non-cyclic - as every cyclic group is abelian)? If you can't distinguish the cases, you don't have a proof. – Mark Bennet Oct 26 '11 at 18:07
show 1 more comment
4 Answers
As a concrete example, consider the single-cycle permutations $(1,2,3,4,5)$ and $(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)$, with orders $5$ and $7$, respectively. Their product is the cycle $(1,3,5,2,4,6,7)$ of order $7$.
On the other hand, pick two arbitrary axes in $\mathbb R^3$ and consider the groups of five-fold and seven-fold rotation symmetry about these axes. These are cyclic groups of orders $5$ and $7$, respectively, but the product of two elements, one from each group, is generally not a rotation through a rational multiple of $\pi$, and is thus generally of infinite order. You can see this by varying one of the axes; then the rotation angle of the product varies continuously with the orientation of the axis, and thus by the intermediate value theorem takes on irrational multiples of $\pi$.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Here's a counting argument. If $G$ is not cyclic, then every element of $G$ is of order $1$, $5$, or $7$, and, as noted above, no element of order $5$ commutes with any element of order $7$.
Let $G_5$ be the elements of order $5$. We can see that $4\mid|G_5|$ by partioning $G_5$ into sets $\{g,g^2,g^3,g^4\}$.
On the other hand, given a $y$ of order $7$, we can partition $G_5$ into sets of $7$ elements, since we can separate $G_5$ into sets $\{g,ygy^{-1},y^2gy^{-2},...,y^6gy^{-6}\}$ (Note that, if $y^igy^{-i} = y^jgy^{-j}$, then $y^{i-j}g = gy^{i-j}$. So this must give $7$ distinct values, or some y^{i-j} commutes with $g$, which would imply that $G$ is cyclic.)
So, $28\mid |G_5|$. Similarly, $30\mid |G_7|$. But $35 = 1 + |G_5| + |G_7|$
share|improve this answer
Note, this works for any $|G|=pq$ where $p,q$ distinct primes and $(pq,(p-1)(q-1))=1$. On the other hand, if $p=2$, then there is a dihedral group of order $2q$ for all $q$. And if $p\mid (q-1)$, we can find a cyclic group of automorphism of $(\mathbb{Z}_q,+)$ of order $p$ by taking powers of an elements of $\mathbb{Z}_q^\times$ of order $p$, and take the semidirect product of the groups to get a non-cycle group of order $pq$. – Thomas Andrews Oct 26 '11 at 19:20
add comment
Another explicit example:
Consider $$ A = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & -1 \\ 0 & -1 \end{array} \right), \quad \text{and} \quad B = \left(\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{array} \right). $$ Then, $A^2 = B^2 = I$, but $$ AB = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array} \right) $$ has infinite order.
It should also be mentioned that if $x$ has order $n$ and $y$ has order $m$, and $x$ and $y$ commute: $xy = yx$, then the order of $xy$ divides $\text{lcm}(m,n)$, though the order of $xy$ is not $\text{lcm}(m,n)$ in general. For example, if an element $g \in G$ has order $n$, then $g^{-1}$ also has order $n$, but $g g^{-1}$ has order $1$. Joriki's example also provides a scenario where the order of $xy$ is not $\text{lcm}(m,n)$ in general.
share|improve this answer
That's what I was talking about in my comment (though $AB$ here is the transpose...) – The Chaz 2.0 Oct 26 '11 at 18:54
add comment
I think we can prove this in more generality if we have that $|G|=pq$ with $p,q$ prime, $p> q$ and $q\not |(p-1)$
From the Sylow theorem we then have that the number if sylow-p groups is $1$ and then as:
$|Sylw_q|\equiv 1 mod q$ and $|Sylw||p$ but $q\not | p$ this then gives that the number of Sylow q-groups is also $1$
We then have that $G=C_p\times C_q$ and hence is abelian and so if we let $C_p=$ and $C_q=$ then we have $o(gh)=lcm(o(g),o(h))=lcm(p,q)=pq$ and hence we have that $G$ is cyclic
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


Resisting Attack
By Sandra Howe
Staff Writer
The effects of violence in television, movies and music have been heavily debated for years, but Assoc. Prof. Laura Tanner (English) argues that violence in literature can also have damaging effects on society.
"Reading literature frames attitudes about what's happening in real life," she said, "and reading about acts of violence can perpetuate the violence being represented."
Tanner says readers should realize the attitudes and assumptions they bring to a book and recognize how books try to manipulate them. She explores these issues in her recent book, Intimate Violence.
"One of the biggest threats I saw in the world had to do with the threat of violence," she said of her motivation for writing the book, "and the notion that I found least explicable was the idea of rape and torture, acts of violence which project a certain kind of intimacy. We must be alert to the connection or it could impact us negatively."
Intimate Violence stresses the need for readers to be self-conscious about the experience of reading, Tanner said, and the importance of remaining analytical and critical.
"One of my arguments is that every representation of violence carries with it certain assumptions and certain attitudes that it can communicate to the reader," she said. "That doesn't mean that it can force the reader to accept those assumptions. However, some literary depictions of violence can perpetuate certain attitudes that, in a sense, perpetuate rape."
Tanner's book maintains that the reader can participate in, conspire with, and resist scenes of violence contained within a series of 20th-century American and British novels. In preparation, Tanner read and analyzed unsettling, provocative and powerful passages from more than 60 books, including 1984, The Women of Brewster Place and Sanctuary, charting her own resistance to the acts of victimization these novels describe.
"I tried to find out how such violence could be possible while coming up with a way of making it less probable, or resisting it or offering people some way of imagining things that would allow them to have some sort of power against this potential violation," Tanner said.
The book that most disturbed her was American Psycho, a novel written from the point of view of a deranged killer. "When it was first published, it generated a huge debate about whether or not there should be censorship because the scenes of torture and mutilation of women were so horrible that people said it shouldn't be read," she said. "I wanted to see what it is about the experience of reading that is so horrifying that it made people say they don't want this book accessed by anyone.
"What is it that gives the book so much power that people want to abolish it? And is there a way that we can read even a book like American Psycho critically and take away some kind of knowledge or capacity for resistance rather than being swept up by the horror?"
In literary representation, there has to be a way to construct the victim's experience, according to Tanner: positioning the reader inside the victim's head, questioning what the violator is trying to do, or questioning the perspective from which the act is described.
"I aim not to designate one form of response to representations of violence," said Tanner, "but to open up avenues of imaginative opposition that allow the reader to resist the forceful imposition of any narrative, including my own."
Return to Nov. 30 menu
Return to Chronicle Home Page


text:
Used for thousands of years by North American Natives, the Ottawa River (Kitchissipi) and its tributaries became popular with explorers and coureurs des bois, and helped bring settlers to the territory. The first of these settlers found the juncture of the chute des Chaudières and the ruisseau de la Brasserie particularly conducive to economic and social activities. This became the initial hub for the industrial development of Hull in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Pioneers and developers like Philemon Wright, Ezra Butler Eddy and George Edward Hanson used the hydraulic power of these waterways to drive the economic life of Hull and turn this area into the cradle of the Outaouais. Their prosperous industries, largely built around wood, polarized the social, religious, commercial and residential structure of the community in the region's historical core.
Well-to-do Anglophone families settled to the west of the creek, shaping village d'Argentine for posterity. The only sector to be left almost unscathed by the Great Fire of 1900, it retains a unique architecture, preserved by its inhabitants, who have worked with the municipality to create the Hanson-Taylor-Wright heritage site. The Association du patrimoine du ruisseau de la Brasserie continues to protect and maintain the neighbourhood's value.Industrial buildings, opulent residences and public artwork mark different points in the origins of the city and region along this route. Over time and through successive generations, this former industrial site has acquired a cultural soul of its very own.


text:
|Government:||Third Union Wismaga|
|Form of Government:||Confederation, Parliamentary democracy|
|Affiliation:||United Federation of Planets|
|Dr. Lucus Kesar|
The Wismagan recorded history only goes back 8000 years, beginning with their colonization of Liccus XII, a desert planet, which they then took 600 years converting it into a more hospitable planet. Most Wismagan scholars believed they were once a group of nomads who traveled space searching for a home. Once their society had fully incorporated themselves onto Liccus XII, they declared that they were the Third Union of the Wismaga, which hints at the possibility that their society is much older than their recorded history.
The governing body of the Wismagan is officially called the Grand Curia, it is similar to parliamentary democracy, with a Chief Minister as the head of state. The Chief Minister's term of office lasts for three years, after which they may run for reelection if they so choose. The Wismagan political system incorporated a "course of honor" system similar to that found in Ancient Rome on Earth. Most Chief Ministers are aged in their 60s, but Lucus Kesar was 42 when he became Chief Minister, making him the youngest in their recorded history.
The average height amongst all Wismagan is roughly five feet and ten inches. Their face is similar to human, except the mouth and nose look more like a chimpanzee's than a human. Light brown hair surrounds their faces, almost like a lion's mane. Their entire body, except for palms and soles, is covered in hair. Hair which is similar to fur found on apes on the planet Earth.


text:
This job is no longer available
Job nr. WTVN01372
Job Title Instrument Inspector
Contact name Vinay Nalubala
Contact email _EMAIL_
Website address _URL_
Short job description
Instrument Inspector will coordinate closely with CONTRACTOR to minimize work interference due to engineering or construction quality problems.
Main job description
The responsibilities of Instrument Inspector position will include but are not limited to the following:
- Coordinate closely with CONTRACTOR to minimise work interference due to engineering or construction quality problems.
- Ensure that proper quality control techniques and procedures are established by the contractor. Ensure that quality control is carried out during the installation phase.
- Appraise the quality and performance of contractor's field personnel.
- Supervise and witness Megger Tests and Continuity checks for all cables.
- Supervise and witness tubing loop checks and leak tests.
- Monitor the contractor's efforts to verify that instrument material and equipment supplied meet the project specification.
- Ensure correct inventory and proper inspection records are maintained by contractor.
- Check to ensure adequate and proper inspection records are maintained by contractor.
- Participate in the resolution of quality problems as directed.
A major Oil and Gas Company operating in Middle East.
Location Basra, Iraq


text:
I want to write some data to an Excel file, and I want the first page to show a summary of the data that are spread all over the sheets. The individual data items on a sheet can be included or excluded, and I want the summary to be calculated only on the included values.
Thus, I thought I'd use a formula like this to show, for example, an average (for which empty fields shouldn't be counted, either):
If I have this formula in
dataSheet1, everything works fine. If I have this formula in the
summary sheet, I need to enter it as an array formula, and I have to specify the exact ranges to make it work. Is there a way (aside from adding the average in
dataSheet, and then referencing the result in
summary) to make the formula work without having it turn into an array formula?


text:
General and Specific Objective
To advance education by providing books, equipment, and educational aids to students attending school in East Harage and West Harage in the Oromiya Region, Ethiopia.
To advance education by providing publicly available scholarships, bursaries, and other forms of financial assistance to students in Ethiopia to be used for elementary, secondary, or post-secondary education.
To Improve the standard of life of Ethiopian children and young adults, who currently live below the poverty level, by increasing the availability, basic education, and sponsorship. Our goals are to achieve the following:
- To improve the livelihoods of 3,700 low living students.
- To provide educational support for 4,780 students and OVC
- To intervene in the construction of one school accommodating from KG to high school consisting of library and laboratories with an enrollment capacity of 500 students per year. Moreover, dormitory and meal service will be provided for 300 students who came from remote areas. To facilitate scholarships opportunities as an educational intervention carried out on yearly bases for undergraduate and postgraduate students from OVC.
- To build a more sustainable way of life in Ethiopia and Africa as a whole by decreasing poverty.
- To give hope to disadvantaged and vulnerable children through basic education.
- To give students basic education and scholarship.
- To empower disadvantaged children hopes to build a more positive and stronger world.


text:
Twenty miles west of downtown Cleveland, in the northeast corner of Lorain County, Avon Lake hugs five miles of Lake Erie shoreline. Once part of a land called Xeuma by the Erie Indians and later part of Tract Seven of the Western Reserve, the area was difficult to tame, but forests became ships and swamps turned into fields. By 1900, the fields were mostly orchards and vineyards. The arrival of the Lake Shore Electric Railway turned the scattered rural township into a summertime resort destination, thus igniting a real estate boom. By World War II, the LSE was no more, but plentiful, affordable, and locally produced electricity and water made Avon Lake a good place to make a living and a desirable place to reside. Fruehauf and B.F. Goodrich arrived and stayed, followed by more industry, commerce, suburban settlers, and commuters. Avon Lake became a city in 1960, and today 24,000 residents call it home.
Author Bio: The Avon Lake Historical Society and the Avon Lake Public Library worked together to collect and present photographs in this book. Institutions, businesses, and community organizations, as well as current and former residents and their families, all contributed photographs, documents, and stories to make this work possible.
Find Books By Title:
Find Books By Theme:
Find Books By State:


text:
Exploring Haifa's National Maritime Museum: A Tribute to Israel's Rich Maritime Heritage
Nestled in the heart of Haifa, Israel, the National Maritime Museum stands as a testament to the country's profound connection to the sea. With its captivating exhibits and immersive displays, the museum offers a unique and enriching experience for visitors seeking to delve into Israel's maritime history.
As one of the most prominent maritime museums in the Middle East, the National Maritime Museum showcases the nation's seafaring legacy, paying homage to its maritime pioneers, ancient trade routes, and naval accomplishments. Let us embark on a virtual journey through this remarkable institution and explore the wonders it holds within its walls.
- Ancient Maritime Trade: Step back in time and explore the fascinating trade routes that connected Israel to the ancient world. From Phoenician traders to Roman merchants, the exhibits shed light on the pivotal role Israel played in global commerce.
- Naval History: Delve into Israel's naval history, from its early days to modern times. Learn about the Haganah and Palmach naval units' significant contributions during the struggle for Israeli independence and the subsequent establishment of the Israeli Navy.
- Ship Models: Feast your eyes on a vast collection of meticulously crafted ship models, showcasing vessels from various eras. These intricate replicas offer a glimpse into the evolution of naval architecture and the diverse types of ships that have sailed the Mediterranean.
- Marine Archaeology: Discover the secrets hidden beneath the ocean's depths through the museum's marine archaeology section. Unearthed artifacts, shipwrecks, and captivating stories of underwater exploration provide insights into Israel's underwater heritage.
- Interactive Simulators: Brace yourself for a thrilling ride as the museum offers state-of-the-art simulators that allow visitors to experience the adrenaline of naval battles and rescue missions. These interactive exhibits provide an immersive and educational experience for all ages.
The National Maritime Museum in Haifa stands as a beacon, illuminating Israel's rich maritime history and its enduring relationship with the sea. Through captivating exhibits, detailed ship models, and interactive simulators, visitors gain a deeper appreciation for the nation's maritime achievements.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, naval aficionado, or simply curious about Israel's past, a visit to this museum is an absolute must. The National Maritime Museum not only showcases Israel's seafaring heritage but also serves as a crucial educational hub, inspiring future generations to embrace and cherish their maritime legacy.
So, plan your visit to Haifa's National Maritime Museum and embark on an extraordinary journey through time, where the captivating stories of Israel's maritime past come to life.
Sunday: 10am – 4pm
Tuesday: 10am – 4pm
Wednesday: 10am – 4pm
Thursday: 10am – 6pm
Friday: 10am – 2pm
Saturday: 10am – 4pm
:How to get there
198 Allenby Boulevard, Haifa


text:
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
October 3, 2000
NSF Awards $2.9 Million for Web100 Project
PITTSBURGH -- The National Science Foundation has awarded $2.9 million to the Web100 Project, a research effort aimed at bringing data transmission rates of 100 megabits per second to the desktops of researchers. The three-year grant, effective September 15, provides funding to develop software that can automatically "tune" computer operating systems to fully exploit available network bandwidth.
"Progress in network access and electronic interaction utilizing the Internet requires more than increased bandwidth," said Aubrey Bush, director for the NSF's division of Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research. "A real challenge now is providing end-to-end performance. This project will address some key network issues that limit Internet performance and work toward effectively removing barriers. The goal is to better take advantage of available resources."
Most researchers today have access to networks that can transmit data at rates of 100 megabits per second (Mbs) or higher. The networks, however, rarely attain performance above three Mbs. Connections across networks are managed by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and research has shown that operating systems are often configured in ways that inhibit TCP performance across long-distance networks.
Through the Web100 Project, researchers at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications are collaborating to address this problem. The objective is to develop software that interacts with the operating system and user applications to automatically tune performance of TCP.
"The Web100 Project seeks to provide solutions to the bandwidth-delay-product problem," said Basil Irwin, senior network engineer at NCAR, "by automatically and transparently optimizing TCP's transmit and receive buffer sizes using congestion feedback information extracted from actual network conditions as they are reflected in the host's TCP code execution."
More information on the Web100 Project can be found at: _URL_
The Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center is a joint effort of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh together with the Westinghouse Electric Company. It was established in 1986 and is supported by several federal agencies, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and private industry.
The National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR, was established in 1960 to serve as a focus for research on atmospheric and related science problems.
The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) began operations in 1986 for implementing experimental supercomputing and high-performance computing systems and networks and for developing innovative applications in high-performance computing, visualization, and desktop software.


Who Wrote This Contemporary Text?
From Everything is Illuminated to The Sabbath, see if you can name the authors of these contemporary texts.
Question 1 of :
Qustion 1. Who is the author of Portnoy's Complaint?
Philip Larkin Philip Roth Saul Bellow Cynthia Ozick
Qustion 2. Who wrote Bread Givers?
Anzia Yezierska YL Peretz AB Yehoshua Rahel
Qustion 3. Who wrote the poem The New Colossus?
Rahel Yehuda Amichai Emma Lazarus Emily Dickinson
Qustion 4. Who wrote the poem Kaddish?
Woody Allen Adrienne Rich Allen Ginsberg Samuel Menashe
Qustion 5. Who wrote Tevye the Dairyman and Other Stories?
Chaim Nachman Bialik Sholem Aleichem Ahad Ha'am David Grossman
Qustion 6. Who wrote Everything is Illuminated?
Nathan Englander Jonathan Safran Foer Jonathan Franzen Rivka Galchen
Qustion 7. Who wrote The Sabbath?
Leo Baeck Moshe Soloveichik Abraham Joshua Heschel Louis Jacobs
Qustion 8. Who wrote As a Driven Leaf?
Louis Jacobs Akiva Tatz Norman Lamm Milton Steinberg
Qustion 9. Who wrote I and Thou?
Martin Buber Abraham Joshua Heschel Elliott Dorff Leo Baeck
Qustion 10. Who wrote Night?
Primo Levi Elie Weisel Cynthia Ozick Roman Polanski
View Printer Friendly Quiz » Return to Web Version


In 2018 password hashing is becoming more important than ever for both ecommerce website owners and people who provide commercial software applications.
Protecting your users' data is no longer a suggestion, rather, it is a requirement as consumers are beginning to consider their security and the safety of their data a top priority.
As ecommerce continues to grow at a solid rate, with ecommerce sales projected to hit just over $4 billion by the year 2020, protecting your users' data is now more important than ever.
If a hacker or malicious actor gains access to your password database and those passwords are stored in plain text the Intruder will have access to every user accounts on your website or application.
The recommended way to avoid this is through password hashing.
Ecommerce Hacks
Without the proper cybersecurity protocols in place, ecommerce store owners risk putting themselves and their customers at risk. We don't need to look any farther than the 2013 Target hacking to understand how and why hacking is a major threat to ecommerce platforms.
That being said, smaller ecommerce stores are at an even bigger risk than the larger corporations due to the fact that they have lesser security protocols against cybercriminals. Two of the largest kinds of cybercrimes that smaller ecommerce stores may face include phishing attacks, where user data such as their credit card numbers and login information is targeted, and credit card fraud, where hackers will attempt to extract credit card numbers and then sell them on the black market.
As you can hopefully tell by now, the security of your ecommerce store must be of the utmost concern to you, and this will require you to employ a number of security measures, including password hashing.
What is Password Hashing?
To understand how password hashing is used currently on content management systems and web applications, we have to define a few key things.
When you hash a password, it basically turns the password into a scrambled representation or 'string,' and you use this to avoid storing passwords as plain text where they can be found by malicious actors. Hashing compares the value with an encryption key internally to actually interpret the password.
It should be also noted that hashing is a form of cryptographic security that is different from encryption. This is because encryption is designed to encrypt and decrypt a message through a two step process, but as we have just gone over, hashing is designed to generate a string from a previous string in text, that can vary significantly with only small input variations.
An additional hashing measure that you will see is what's referred to as salting, which is simply the addition of the characters on to the end of the hashed password to make it more difficult to decode.
Similar to salting is what is referred to as peppering. This also adds an additional value to the end of the password. There are two different versions of salting the first where you add the value to the end of the password as I mentioned above and the second that the value added to the password is both random in location and in its value. The advantage of this is that it makes Brute Force attacks and certain other attacks very difficult.
Currently Used Hashing Algorithms
You will see a wide variety of hashing methods used on passwords depending on the platform. This can also vary between content management systems.
One of the least secure hashing algorithms is referred to as MD5, which was created in 1992. As you may imagine from an algorithm created in 1992 it is not the most secure hashing algorithm. This algorithm uses 128-bit values which is a lot lower than traditional encryption standards so that means it is not a very secure option for passwords and instead is more often used for Less secure requirements such as a file downloads.
The next common hashing algorithm that you will see is SHA-1. This algorithm was created in 1993 by the US National Security Agency. They waited a few years to publish the algorithm, however despite being developed only one year later than MD5 it is significantly more secure at the time. You may still see some passwords being hashed this way but unfortunately, this standard was decided to be no longer secure.
As an upgrade to SHA1 that the National Security Agency published, SHA-2, was created 2001. And like its predecessor, it was not specifically created by the NSA and was only standardized just a few years before now. It still Remains a viable method for securely hashing passwords.
Another password hashing algorithm that you will see is Bcrypt. The BCrypt algorithm includes a salt which is designed to protect against brute-force attacks.
One of the tools BCypt uses to make Brute Force attacks more difficult is slowing down the Brute Force operation or program that a malicious actor may be using. This means if a Brute Force attack is attempted it will likely take years if it is successful at all.
Similar to bCrypt is Scrypt. This password hashing algorithm also extends the key with additional defenses such as salts (designed to add random data to a hash function input to create a more unique output), and to make Brute Force attacks almost impossible with an additional advantage of Scrypt is that it is designed to take up a large amount of computer memory when it is being Brute Force attacked. That means it has an additional measure to extend the length of time a Brute Force attack may take to be successful.
The last password hashing algorithm we'll see on content management systems and web applications is PBKDF2. This password hashing algorithm was created by RSA Laboratories and like the algorithms mention before, also add extensions to the hash to make Brute Force more difficult.
Storing Hashed Passwords
After the process of hashing, and after whatever algorithm is being used does its job, the output of the password will be a scrambled hexadecimal representation of itself.
What that means is that it will be a very long series of letters and numbers that will be what is stored by the website or application in the case that a hacker gains access to that information.
So in other words, if a hacker gets into your ecommerce website and finds a database of user passwords then he will not be able to use them to directly log into a user's account.
Rather, he or she would have to interpret the random letters and numbers to figure out what your password would actually be.
Multiple Website Passwords
Sometimes you're going to run into situations where your ecommerce store users may need to share passwords across different services.
An example of this might be that you have a separate build of your application for mobile devices that is maybe a different technology or on a different platform as compared to your web-based version. In this instance, you would need to sync hashed passwords across multiple platforms, which can be very complicated.
Fortunately, there are companies that can help with cross-platform syncing of hash passwords. An example would be FoxyCart, which is a service that allows hashed password syncing from application to application.
Wrapping it Up
In addition to Foxy, there are many other popular ecommerce platforms to choose from. Regardless of which one you use, keeping your online ecommerce store secure before must be a top priority, and password hashing is one of the best and also one of the more overlooked security measures that you can employ today.
The more properly hashed a password is, and if it's using the newest standards like salt and pepper ring, then basically the only way for a malicious actor to get someone's password would be via a Brute Force attack.
And with the methods we mentioned above and the algorithms used by various content management systems, even brute force attacks are becoming more and more difficult. That is, only if you implement these tools properly.
Alexia Barlier
A WP Life
Leave a Reply
%d bloggers like this:


text:
processes are given by the same expressions as in Refs. [39, 40].
5. Clustering Instability and Pattern Formation
The equations of motion developed in Section 3 that describe a dilute suspension of colloidal motors moving in a dilute solution of fuel and product molecular species will be shown in this section to lead to a clustering instability. This instability can be described by the mean-field equations obtained above for the concentrations of the molecular species and the distribution function of the colloidal motors in the absence of an external force and torque ( and ). A number of other mean-field descriptions that predict instabilities and the formation of various clustering states of collections of diffusiophoretic colloidal particles have appeared in literature [62, 18, 6, 19, 20], and use techniques involving coupled moment equations similar to those adopted in this section.
5.1. Molecular Diffusion and Reaction
The equation for the colloidal motors is coupled to the reaction-diffusion equations for the molecular species and, accounting for the fact that the reaction occurs both at the surface of the catalytic hemisphere of the colloids and in the bulk: where the total reaction rate density is given by
The system is driven out of equilibrium if.
5.2. Colloidal Density and Polarization
If the second moment (31) as well as higher moments are assumed to be negligible, the evolution equations for the density of colloidal motors (29) and the polarization (30) are given by in terms of the fourth-order tensor with the following components:.
If is large enough so that dominates the other terms involving in equation (76), we can neglect these other terms and this equation can be inverted to obtain under which circumstances the field is driven by the gradients of the colloid and species densities. Substituting this result into equation (75) for the density of colloidal particles, we find with the effective diffusion coefficient expressing the enhancement of diffusivity due to the self-diffusiophoretic activity.
5.3. Coupled Colloidal and Molecular Diffusion-Reaction Equations
In the following, we suppose that the diffusion coefficient is the same for both molecular species:. Consequently, remains uniform during the time evolution if initially so. Therefore, is known and only needs to be determined. Introducing the notations we have the following coupled equations describing the system: with
Moreover, consistency with the existence of equilibrium requires that is equal to the diffusiophoretic parameter (24) that is the ratio between the self-diffusiophoretic velocity (21) and the leading term of the overall reaction rate (23).
For this system, there exists a uniform nonequilibrium steady state, where keeps its initial uniform value and the molecular density is also uniform at the value in order to satisfy the stationary condition. For this molecular concentration, we notice that the rate of the catalytic reaction on the colloids is not vanishing under the nonequilibrium condition.
5.4. Pattern Formation
To analyze the stability of this homogeneous steady state, for simplicity we consider a one-dimensional system where the fields and only depend on the variable. Accordingly, the gradients can be replaced by partial derivatives in equations (81) and (83). The set of equations (81)–(84) is then numerically integrated by spatial discretization over the grid with with and. The integration is performed with a Runge-Kutta algorithm of varying order 4-5 over a long enough time interval to reach a steady state. Figure 2 shows numerical results for the parameter values: and increasing values of. We observe the formation of clusters of colloidal motors in regions where the fuel is depleted, as expected.
5.5. Linear Analysis of the Clustering Instability
The threshold of this clustering instability can be found from a linear stability analysis. Linearizing the equations around the uniform steady state, we find that the perturbations obey with
Supposing that the perturbations behave as, we obtain the dispersion relations
These dispersion relations are depicted in Figures 3(a)–3(c), respectively, below, at, and beyond the threshold. The leading dispersion relation is associated with the conserved unstable mode of the colloidal motors because. The subleading dispersion relation is associated with the reactive mode of the molecular species because. We notice that, since, there is no possibility for a Hopf bifurcation to uniform oscillatory behavior, which would be the case if the eigenvalues were complex. We also note that there is no wavelength selection at the level of linear stability analysis in this clustering instability.
Therefore, instability manifests itself if and the threshold is given by the condition which leads to the value for the parameter values (87).
The dispersion relations can also be obtained from the evolution equation (34) for the distribution function. Supposing that and, we have where with. Equation (93) is coupled to the diffusion-reaction equation (81) for the concentration field with.
The linear stability analysis can be carried out for equation (93) coupled to equation (81) with the rate (82) in a similar manner to that for equations (81)–(84). This analysis is presented in Appendix C. The dispersion relations can be computed by truncating the infinite matrix (C.5) in order to obtain the eigenvalues as a function of the wave number. The result converges to the dispersion relations shown in Figures 3(d)–3(f) below, at, and beyond the threshold, for the parameter values (87) and. The convergence occurs faster for the leading dispersion relation than for the subleading ones. For the chosen parameter values, we can see that the approximation where we suppose that the vector field is driven by the gradients (which corresponds to truncating to a matrix) constitutes a good approximation to describe the instability. Indeed, the leading dispersion relation of Figure 3(b) is already very close to that in Figure 3(e).
Autonomous motion is not possible at equilibrium and active matter relies on the presence of nonequilibrium constraints to drive the system out of equilibrium. As a result the theoretical formulations provided by nonequilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are a natural starting point for the description of such systems.
Many of the active matter systems currently under study involve active agents such as molecular machines or self-propelled colloidal particles with linear dimensions ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers. The transition from microscopic to macroscopic description for fluids containing active agents of such sizes takes place in the upper range of this scale. Suspensions of active colloidal particles are interesting in this connection since, as described earlier in this paper, the colloidal particles are large compared to the molecules of the medium in which they reside. The dynamics of the suspension can then be described by considering the equations for the positions, velocities, and orientations of the colloidal particles in the medium, or through field equations that describe the densities of these particles.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics provides a set of principles that these systems must obey. Most important among these is microreversibility that stems from the basic time reversal character of the microscopic dynamics. On the macroscale, this principle manifests itself in Onsager's reciprocal relations that govern what dynamical processes are coupled and how they are described. For example, for single Janus particles propelled by a self-diffusiophoretic mechanism, microreversibility implies the existence of reciprocal effect where the reaction rate depends on an applied external force [39–41, 61].
This paper extended the nonequilibrium thermodynamics formulation to the collective dynamics of ensembles of diffusiophoretic Janus colloids. In particular, we considered Janus colloids driven by both self-diffusiophoresis arising from reactions on the motor catalytic surface as well as motion arising from an external concentration gradient. This latter contribution is essential for the extension of the theory to collective motor dynamics. The resulting formulation is consistent with microreversibility and an expression for the entropy production is provided. From this general formulation of collective dynamics, one can show that if an external force and torque are applied to the system, the overall reaction rate depends on the applied force. In addition, a stability analysis of the equations governing the collective behavior predicts the existence of a clustering instability seen in many experiments of Janus colloids. Such considerations can be extended to ensembles of thermophoretic Janus colloids.
A. Force and Torque on a Colloidal Motor
A.1. Stationary Molecular Concentration Fields. We suppose that molecular diffusivity is large enough so that the concentration fields adopt a quasistationary profile in the vicinity of every Janus particle. Accordingly, the concentration fields should obey the following equations: for the two reacting species, where is the concentration gradient of species at large distances from the center of the catalytic particle. In Ref., we considered the special case where, so that the concentration fields are uniform at large distances. The upper hemisphere is catalytic, while the lower one is noncatalytic. The axis of the Janus particle is oriented from the noncatalytic towards the catalytic hemisphere and taken along the -axis in the frame of the particle.
We introduce the fields in terms of the characteristic length of the reaction
The fields and have the units of, and the concentration fields are recovered from them by
Similar expressions hold for the concentration gradients at large distances:,,, and.
The solution of the equations for is given by which obeys reflective boundary conditions on the sphere and represents a gradient at large distances. Defining to be the dimensionless Damköhler number of the reaction on the spherical catalytic particle, the field can be decomposed as in terms of a field similar to equation (A.8) and another field obeying
In


Advanced Workflows with the Nitro API
By in
Nitro includes an application programming interface (API) that allows users to create interactive clients (clients that submit tasks based on an external stimulus) or to create clients that can execute a complex workflow – all while using a single Moab job. If your workflow contains thousands of tasks, you'll avoid the scheduling overhead of running the jobs separately under Moab, and you'll keep control of your scheduled resource while running your set of tasks. I'll use one example to show how Nitro can be used to create a workflow.
Meet Benjamin. He's a pharmacology research engineer working on a new drug formulation that targets a specific heart-damaging bacteria. Ben is evaluating 400 different formulations of the drug, and has developed a molecular model (BacSim) that predicts the response of the bacteria to chemical interactions. But he needs to determine the best formulation, along with dosage and dose schedule. BacSim uses all of the processors on a single node and runs from 10 to 30 minutes depending on how quickly the bacteria responds to the drug formulation.
The first step in the process is to check each formulation with a baseline dosage, and if the bacteria responds by either a reduction or complete termination, then the formulation will move to the next stage of the process. In the second stage the dosage will be varied to find the minimum effective dosage. Then, in the third stage, the schedule of doses will be varied to determine the length of time at each dose schedule that the bacteria will be eradicated. BacSim takes an input file on the command line, performs its simulation with the formula as detailed in the input file, then writes an output file containing the details of the simulation cycle, an exit code of 0 if the simulation was successful (meaning the formulation reduced the bacteria) or 1 if the simulation detected that the formulation has no or negligible effect on the bacteria.
Here's what the workflow looks like:
Nitro Workflow Example
First, we'll need to launch Nitro in linger mode (there won't be a task file to begin with, so linger mode tells Nitro to stick around ). We'll also need to set the session key, and tell the nitro workers to only launch one task per node. Here is the script to launch the nitro job within Moab:
export NITRO_COORD_OPTIONS="--linger 60"
export NITRO_WORKER_OPTIONS="--thread-count 1"
You can then set a trigger on your Moab job to run the Nitro client when the job starts. The client will then connect to Nitro and start submitting tasks. For stage 1 tests, the client creates the task input file and submits a task to Nitro that looks like this:
name=Formula001Stage1 /opt/bacsim/bin/bacsim /opt/share/bacsim/inputs/formula001_stage1.dat
The client application submits the task to Nitro which then runs it on the first available worker. The client then generates similar task input files and task lines for the rest of the 400 formulations.
When one of the simulation programs exits, a message will be sent to the client with the results, including the simulation programs exit code, stdout, and stderr. From this output we can see if the formulation was successful and we can example the output file to see how many simulation iterations were required for the bacteria to be eradicated.
The client program doesn't need to wait until all of the stage 1 simulations are finished – it can submit a stage 2 simulation as soon as it has determined that a successful formulation was found in stage 1. Then when a successful stage 2 simulation is performed, the client can submit the stage 3 task to Nitro.
Results are then gathered and a recommended set of formulations with the optimum dosages and dosing schedule can move forward to the next phase of development.
As you can see, Nitro isn't just limited to launching billions of tasks at a high rate – it is also useful for interactive or client based workflow. Resources can be allocated to the job without incurring the scheduling overhead associated with thousands of jobs, and the process is completed much more efficiently.
If you have complex workflow problems and want to use your scheduler more efficiently, give us a call and we'll show you how you can implement a Nitro API Client application to get your work done faster and more effectively.
(0 votes. Average 0 of 5)
Leave a reply


Where the world comes to study the Bible
How Adults and Youth Learn
J. Dennis Miller, president of Church Youth Development states that a problem with educating young people in the church stems from a failure to understand how young people learn. He claims that adults learn in the following pattern:
1. acceptance of absolutes;
2. subordination of attitudes and actions to absolutes;
3. application of truth received to life experience.
Knowing something as an adult is based primarily upon remembering information and intellectual learning. Youth, Miller contends, learn in a different way:
1. evaluation of life experience;
2. discovery of attitudes and actions which validate their life experiences;
3. identifying truth based on their relevance to life experience;
4. acceptance of truths that prove reliable from life experience. Life experience is the main influence on the learning young mind.
Source unknown


text:
Project Director: Gavin Flood
Project Manager: Jessica Frazier
This project explores the use of categories in Indian philosophy, including linguistic categories, aesthetic and emotional categories, universals and logical categories, metaphysical and ontological categories, and other possible processes of categorisation across different philosophical schools and diverse concepts. The goal is to shed a clear light on the modes of reasoning in the Indian philosophical traditions, illuminating its relation to Western methods, and its unique contribution to philosophy across the globe.
One of the characteristic features of ancient and medieval philosophy both east and west has been its propensity to analyse existence into particular categories and make fine distinctions in different philosophical areas. This conference would focus on the way this process has operated in the Indian philosophical context. For example, in Buddhism the Abhidharma developed sophisticated categories for the analysis of mind, Samkhya for the analysis of experience, Nyaya Vaisheshika developed ontological categories, in Saiva philosophy we have elaborate cosmological categories, and in early modern Vaishnavism we have the development of aesthetic categories applied in a religious context. We might even call this process of categorisation a philosophical style of thinking. The aim of this project is to address this question of categorisation and to raise questions about what precisely is entailed by categorisation, why it developed to such a high degree in the Indian context, and to raise philosophical questions about the relevance and success of such philosophical endeavour. The project therefore has a descriptive dimension – The exposition of categorisation in Indian philosophical traditions – and an evaluative or philosophical dimension – the critical inquiry into categories and their relevance to contemporary philosophy.
While there will be research on particular systems of classification, we hope that the project will generate discussion across diverse philosophical traditions in order to discuss categorisation as a feature of Sanskritic philosophy in the classical and medieval periods. We also envisage a comparative dimension in which parallel processes are considered from other philosophical traditions.


text:
How to Understand circuit bending
In this video, we learn how to understand circuit bending. Circuit bending is noodling around with circuitry to see how it sounds and get different noises out of it. When you go into a motherboard and see the circuits that are inside of it, these can make noise if you re-circuit them. This can help you be creative and turn the electronic circuit board into a canvas. This can let someone immediately create something out of this and use it as an art form. It takes trial and error to find something that works, but it can make your creative side come out and find new sounds.


text:
The New Now: Working Together for Social Change
The astounding success of the marriage equality campaign has left LGBT groups reeling—both from giddiness and trepidation. The Supreme Court of the United States has movingly affirmed the right of same sex couples to marry. But LGBT movement leaders know that the discrimination LGBT people face—embedded in cultural norms, policies, and laws—is still a part of the fabric of our everyday lives.
Furthermore, grassroots activists around the country are moving from a discussion of marriage equality to talk about broader issues of equity and justice. They see LGBT rights as part of other fights, such as fair immigration policies, police reform, reproductive justice, and addressing climate change.
This report highlights the intersectional approach through case examples in two states where LGBT activists have been using a multi-issue lens in their work to build a strong web of organizations and activists working together. This type of activism is important for several reasons:
1) An intersectional approach reflects the lives of people who are often made invisible in single-issue campaigns and stresses the importance of listening to their experiences in order to inform the strategies and tactics of the broader movement.
2) Centering an analysis in the lived experience of people who are the target of multiple systems of marginalization helps to avoid the "unintended consequences" of pitting those with the least power against one another.
3) By broadening the base and leadership of the movement to bring in communities of color and addressing a more diverse set of issues, the intersectional approach is forward thinking and anticipates where the country is heading demographically.
The report concludes with recommendations for funders and thoughts about investing to encourage and implement an intersectional approach in social activism. For a brief overview of the report, download the New Now executive summary.


text:
Image Credit: Yessenia Carrero/UConn Illustration
UConn researchers recently documented in Nature Scientific Reports a gory and fascinating relationship between periodical cicadas and a fungus that infects them, hijacks their behavior, and causes a scene straight out of a zombie movie.
"It's a fun story for us, not for the cicadas," says UConn ecology and evolutionary biology researcher and adjunct faculty member John Cooley.
Though researchers have known about the fungus for around 100 years, Cooley and his colleagues David Marshall, a postdoc, and lab technician Kathy Hill have published new findings about the infection.
The story starts with the cicadas' emergence, when around 2 to 5 percent are infected with spores of a fungus called Massospora cicadina. Though the fungus infects both male and female cicadas, the researchers discovered that early in the emergence, the infection—at this point called a Stage I infection— causes curious behavioral changes in males where, in addition to their normal mating behaviors, they will exhibit wing flicking that is typically seen only in female cicadas.
The infected male cicadas put on a ruse, much like the Sirens of Greek myths; they flick their wings like a female, and lure in healthy unsuspecting males, who get close enough to be exposed to the spores, leading to their doom. The diseased males will also attempt to copulate with the uninfected females, exposing them to even more spores.
The infection results in the insect's abdomen becoming distended as it fills with powdery, white fungal spores eventually to the point of bursting open or falling off altogether. When the abdomen falls off, the genitalia are lost with it—but that doesn't stop the cicadas from their eager quest to copulate.
Cicadas infected by the spores passed around by the initially infected cicadas exhibit what is called a Stage II infection, following the same infection cycle as that seen in Stage I infections, in some cases acting normally despite the lack of genitalia and large portions of their abdomens, and spewing spores wherever they go.
The fungus's job is complete, the spores are spread and ready to infect future generations.
Growing body of research
Cooley says the research into similar infections by parasites or fungi has been observed in other species, for instance in beetles, fruit flies, and even mammals, and has led to a growing body of literature over the past 10 years or so.
Of the cicada infections, Cooley says, "This phenomenon is the ultimate evolutionary arms race, where the host loses because they are rendered sterile or evolutionarily irrelevant by the fungus in order to spread the spores."
He anticipates that this area of research will continue to heat up in coming years, as more details of these arms races are uncovered.
This type of research has to be performed in the field, and it's hard to predict where the fungus will be present. The best sites for studying these unfortunate cicadas have been almost stumbled upon. As Cooley explains, "I'd be driving along and say 'Holy smoke, there are a lot of dead cicadas in this spot. What's going on?'"
He says the findings on this hijacking fungus are an excellent example of the importance of basic scientific research and observation, and may ultimately lead to a scientific breakthrough.
"Basic research is sometimes not very exciting, it can be a lot of sitting around watching bugs," he observes. "You never really know in advance what the payoffs and applications will be. But basic research may lead to someone having an 'Aha' moment. Maybe this could lead to new biocontrol, maybe the fungus could secrete something to alter metabolism or nervous behavior. We'll have to see where it goes."
Like this article? Click here to subscribe to free newsletters from Lab Manager