Avoid Common Pitfalls in Greasemonkey
Pages: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Pitfall #1: Auto-eval Strings
In places where you want to set up a callback function (such as window.setTimeout, to run a function after a delay), JavaScript allows you to define the callback as a string. When it's time to execute the callback, Firefox evaluates the string and executes it. This leads to our first pitfall.
Assuming a user script defines a function called my_func, this code looks like it will execute my_func() after a one-second delay:
window.setTimeout("my_func()", 1000);
This doesn't work in a Greasemonkey script; the my_func function will never execute. By the time the callback executes one second later, the user script and its entire sandbox have disappeared. The window.setTimeout function will try to evaluate the JavaScript code in the context of the page as it exists one second later, but the page doesn't include the my_func function. In fact, it never included the my_func function; that function only ever existed within the Greasemonkey sandbox.
This doesn't mean you can never use timeouts, though. You just need to set them up differently. Here is the same code, but written in a way that works in the context of a user script:
window.setTimeout(my_func, 1000);
What's the difference? The my_func function is referenced directly, as an object instead of a string. You are passing a function reference to the window.setTimeout function, which will store the reference until it is time to execute it. When the time comes, it can still call the my_func function, because JavaScript keeps the function's environment alive as long as something, somewhere, is holding a reference to it.
Pitfall #2: Event Handlers
Another common pattern in JavaScript is setting event handlers, such as onclick, onchange, or onsubmit. The most common way to set up an onclick event handler is to assign a string to an element's onclick property:
var elmLink = document.getElementById('somelink');
elmLink.onclick ='my_func(this)';
This technique fails in a user script for the same reason the first window.setTimeout call failed. By the time the user clicks the link, the my_func function defined elsewhere in the user script will no longer exist.
OK, let's try setting the onclick callback directly:
var elmLink = document.getElementById('somelink');
elmLink.onclick = my_func;
This also fails, but for a completely different reason. The document.getElementById function returns an XPCNativeWrapper around an Element object, not the element itself. That means that setting elmLink.onclick to a function reference sets a property not on the element, but on the XPCNativeWrapper. With most properties, such as id or className, the XPCNativeWrapper will turn around and set the corresponding property on the underlying element. But due to limitations of how XPCNativeWrappers are implemented, this pass-through does not work with event handlers such as onclick. This example code will not set the corresponding onclick handler on the actual element, and when you click the link, my_func will not execute.
This doesn't mean you can't set event handlers; just that you can't set them in the obvious way. The only technique that works is the addEventListener method:
var elmLink = document.getElementById('somelink');
elmLink.addEventListener("click", my_func, true);
This technique works with all elements, as well as the window and document objects. It works with all DOM events, including click, change, submit, keypress, mousemove, and so on. It works with existing elements on the page that you find by calling document.getElementsByTagName or document.getElementById, and it works with new elements you create dynamically by calling document.createElement. It is the only way to set event handlers that works in the context in which user scripts operate.
Pages: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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THE VARIATIONAL ISING CLASSIFIER (VIC) ALGORITHM FOR COHERENTLY CONTAMINATED DATA
O.Williams, A.Blake and R.Cipolla
There has been substantial progress in the past decade in the development of object classifiers for images, for example of faces, humans and vehicles. Here we address the problem of contaminations (e.g. occlusion, shadows) in test images which have not explicitly been encountered in training data. The Variational Ising Classifier (VIC) algorithm models contamination as a mask (a field of binary variables) with a strong spatial coherence prior. Variational inference is used to marginalize over contamination and obtain robust classification. In this way the VIC approach can turn a kernel classifier for clean data into one that can tolerate contamination, without any specific training on contaminated positives.
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text:
Jaijeet RoychowdhuryElectrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Jaijeet Roychowdhury and his group have invented OIM, a new approach to solving combinatorial optimization problems. OIMs may revolutionize applications including logistics, autonomous vehicles and smart grids.
Jaijeet Roychowdhury is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. His research interests include machine learning, novel computational paradigms, and the analysis, simulation, verification and design of cyber-physical, electronic, biological, nanoscale and mixed-domain systems. He received his B. Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at UC Berkeley. He and Tianshi Wang were awarded the 2019 Bell Labs Prize for their work on OIMs.
Jaijeet Roychowdhury was a 2023 Bakar Prize recipient.
Area of Research
Oscillator Ising Machines for Combinatorial Optimization
In our information-dominated world, combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous. Logistics/transportation, intelligent robots, autonomous cars, smart grids, drug design, and communication networks all involve finding the optimal solution from among millions or billions of possibilities. "Quantum annealing" machines have been proposed to solve such problems quickly, but they are large, expensive, and difficult to scale to solve ever-larger problems. Jaijeet Roychowdhury and his graduate student, Tianshi Wang, have invented a new approach, OIMs (Oscillator Ising Machines), that solves combinatorial optimization problems using coupled electronic oscillator circuits. Because OIMs are based on conventional integrated circuit technology, they are a far smaller, less expensive and more scalable alternative. OIM chips may become a standard technology, as GPUs are for graphics computations.
Twenty years into the 21st century the demand for computational power is outpacing supply at an ever-increasing rate. From global pandemics that require rapid-response drug designs, to smart grids, self-driving vehicles, artificial intelligence and machine learning, scientists are scrambling to boost current computational capabilities until quantum computing becomes a practical reality.
Especially challenging are combinatorial optimization problems. The textbook example of such problems is solving for the shortest route between a given number of cities that starts and ends at the same place. This "Travelling Salesman Problem" becomes exponentially more difficult as the number of cities increases and the combinations of possible routes become astronomical.
Bakar Fellow Jaijeet Roychowdhury, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, led a breakthrough that enables combinatorial optimization problems involving millions of possible outcomes to be solved with quantum computer-type speed and efficiency using conventional Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuitry. His Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) encode combinatorial optimization problems as an "energy landscape" of magnetic spins – a quantum property of oscillating electrons – in which the solution is determined by the lowest energy configuration of synchronized or coupled oscillator spins.
Synchronization of electronic oscillations enables OIMs to solve combinatorial optimization problems on relatively inexpensive, low-power miniaturized CMOS chips without costly technical challenges, such as cryogenic operational temperatures, that are required by other combinatorial optimization strategies.
Q: You have said the key to the success of your OIMs is appropriately designed oscillators. What makes for an "appropriate" design?
A: Unlike standard electronic oscillator designs, the oscillators in our OIM chip are designed with injection locking properties that promote effective coupling. Our choice of couplings between oscillators is also important. While relative coupling values are set by the combinatorial optimization problem being solved, there is freedom in choosing absolute values. These values need to be informed by the nature of the oscillators, as well as CMOS technology considerations. Another important aspect of appropriate design is the choice of the synchronization signal that takes each oscillator from a digital to an analog operational mode and back again.
Q: Did you draw your inspiration for synchronizing the electronic oscillators in your OIMs from nature's use of synchronized oscillations to optimize energy efficiencies?
A: Yes and no. I've been interested in oscillators since childhood when I tried to fix my grandmother's vacuum tube radio. My attempt was unsuccessful but got me interested in figuring out how oscillators work. Over the years I learned that the standard explanations for electronic oscillators are overly simplistic and actually obviously wrong in some respects. In our group we realized that injection locking in biological synchronization, such as the synchronized flashing of fireflies, can be applied to electronics to make von-Neumann computers with oscillators instead of standard registers. The discovery of an energy aspect to injection locking was arguably the key step that engendered OIMs.
Q: Is the lowest energy configuration of spins in an OIM energy landscape analogous to the minimum travel distance in the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP)?
A: Yes, the minimum distance for the TSP corresponds to the minimum energy configuration in our OIM formulation, but to find the OIM solution the TSP must be recast in Ising form. This means that solving for N cities in the TSP problem requires N2 spins in the Ising form. For example, if you wanted to travel between 100 cities, you need to solve an Ising problem with about 10,000 spins; if you wanted to travel between 10,000 cities, then you would need 100 million Ising spins! That's a large number but scaling to large numbers of spins is one of the key advantages of OIMs because you can put billions of CMOS transistors on a small chip. The processor chips in every computer and cellphone contain that many transistors and OIM chips with 100 million or more spins should be relatively easy to build once we've shown the way with smaller versions.
Q: What do you see as the most immediate applications for OIMs?
A: One of the nice things about our OIMs is that they don't care what application domain the problem they are solving comes from. So long as the problem is in Ising form and the OIMs can be programmed with it, they will work. Furthermore, virtually every combinatorial optimization problem, regardless of where it arises, can be cast in Ising form. That said, a general rule in research is that it is extremely helpful to focus on solving a particular end problem. Like much of the Ising community, we've have been focusing on the MAX-CUT problem in graphs, for which there are widely available benchmarks. We're also looking at combinatorial optimization problems in communications.
Q: How have you been using your Bakar Fellowship to advance OIMs research?
A: The Bakar Fellowship has been instrumental in allowing us to focus on designing OIM chips, and also on developing communication applications.


Urdu: tasavvur
Discussion in 'Indo-Iranian Languages' started by Chhaatr, Apr 27, 2013.
 1. Chhaatr Senior Member
 I have tried to look up this word in Platts but there is no entry there. From the web it seems this means "imagination" and this seems to correspond with the usage I've come across on Youtube.
 My questions are:
 1) If I were to say:
 "Zaraa tasavvur kareN aisaa hotaa to kyaa hotaa?"
 Would this be correct usage of this word?
 2) Also, does this word have any other meaning? If so, could someone illustrate it with a sample sentence, please?
 Many thanks!
 2. Alfaaz Senior Member
 Here is the Platts entry.*
 1) Yes!
 2) For an example, you can read (and listen to) this.
 *Note: Generally, Urdu words (especially of Arabic and Persian origin) are transliterated (and pronounced...this would vary) with a w rather than a v. However, some forum members choose to use a v for transliteration of words like waqt or tasawwur, so this might have caused the confusion of not being able to find it in Platts.
 3. marrish
 marrish Senior Member
 اُردو Urdu
 Yes, your are right, this noun means ''imagination''. Your sentence is also perfectly alright. This word has no other meaning but can be translated in different ways.
 Here is the entry from Platts:
 A تصور taṣawwur [inf. n. v of صور 'to form or fashion,' &c.], s.m. Imaging or picturing (a thing) to the mind; imagination, fancy; reflection, contemplation, meditation; forming an idea; idea, conception, perception, apprehension:—taṣawwur karnā, v.t. To picture to oneself; to imagine, fancy; to regard, consider, suppose; to conceive, apprehend, &c.
 Lastly, here is your sentence in the Urdu script:
 ذرا تصوُر کریں ایسا ہوتا تو کیا ہوتا؟
 4. Chhaatr Senior Member
 Merii Urdu siikhne kii koshish meN aap donoN kii musalsal madad ke liye maiN aap donoN kaa shukrguzaar huuN, tahe dil se!
 marrish saaHib, kareN ke nuun meN dot kyoN nahi hai?
 5. Qureshpor Senior Member
 Punjabi, Urdu پنجابی، اردو
 Think of the word being connected to "tasviir" (image/picture), hence "imagination", fantasy, idea, concept, conception.
 kashish-i-saql kaa tasavvur (The concept of gravity)
 Here is someone from your city talking about stars and the like.
 yih rupahlii chhaaoN yih aakaash par taaroN kaa jaal
 jaise suufii kaa tasavvur jaise 3aashiq kaa xayaal
 aah lekin kaun jaane kaun samjhe jii kaa Haal
 ai Gham-i-dil kyaa karuuN, ai vaHshat-i-dil kyaa karuuN
 Majaaz Lakhnavi
 Last edited: Apr 27, 2013
 6. Chhaatr Senior Member
 I just checked out the link to which Alfaaz saaHib pointed me. I give below an extract from what I read there (I'll do the listening part after this post).
 "unka hi tasawwur hai, maHfil ho kih tanhaa'ii"
 What does tasawwur mean here, imagination or yaad?
 Last edited: Apr 27, 2013
 7. marrish
 marrish Senior Member
 اُردو Urdu
 خوشی کی بات ہے کہ ہم آپ کے کام آ سکے پر الفاظ صاحب مجھ سے زیادہ ہی حاضر جواب نکلے ہیں!۔
 xushii kii baat hai kih ham aap ke kaam aa sake par Alfaaz SaaHib mujh se ziyaadah hii Haazir-jawaab nikle haiN!
 چھاتر صاحب، جیسے کہ آپ کو معلوم ہی ہے، کریں میں نون کی پوری آواز نہیں آتی بلکہ صرف ے ۔۔۔ناک سے۔۔۔ بولا جاتا ہے۔ اس قسم کے نون کو نونِ غنہ کہتے ہیں۔
 Chhaatr SaaHib, jaise kih aap ko ma3luum hii hai, ''kareN'' meN nuun kii puurii aawaaz nahiiN aatii balkih sirf ''e'' ''naak se'' bolaa jaataa hai. is qism ke nuun ko nuun-e-Ghunnah kahte haiN.
 اور آپ کے نہی میں نونِ غنہ کیوں نہیں؟
 aur aap ke ''nahi'' meN nuun-e-Ghunnah kyoN nahiiN?
 8. Qureshpor Senior Member
 Punjabi, Urdu پنجابی، اردو
 aur janaab aap ke "nahiiN" meN "nuun (-i-) Ghunnah" kahaaN hai?
 9. Alfaaz Senior Member
 nuqte ke baghair nuun nuun-e-ghunnah kehlaataa hai, representing nasalization as in the following : کریں ، میں ، کیوں kareN, meN, kyuN, etc.
 Chaatr SaaHib, as stated above, these would more likely be transliterated as tasweer/taswiir, tasawwur, and waHshat in most Urdu publications and also Platts.
 10. Chhaatr Senior Member
 Thank you very much QP saaHib. Yes Majaaz was from Rudali near Barabanki which is about 27 or so kilometres from Lucknow. I was listening to his "yeh meraa chaman hai, meraa chaman, maiN apne chaman ka bulbul huuN" which is the Taraanaa of AMU. Pretty high-falutin stuff for a beginner like me but my thanks to the blogger who had put in English translation to the difficult words
 Last edited: Apr 27, 2013
 11. Qureshpor Senior Member
 Punjabi, Urdu پنجابی، اردو
 It means "maHbuubah terii tasviir kis tarH maiN "bhulaa'uuN""", yih to naa-mumkin hai! tum merii nas nas meN samaa'ii hu'ii ho.
 12. Chhaatr Senior Member
 saaHibaan mehrbaanii kar ke is sawaal pe bhii tawajjo deN.
 Last edited: Apr 27, 2013
 13. Qureshpor Senior Member
 Punjabi, Urdu پنجابی، اردو
 tavajjuh farmaa'iye Huzuur! is ke ma3nii haiN kih mere zihn meN tum hii tumm chhaa'ii hu'ii ho, chaahe maiN auroN kii suHbat meN hotaa huuN yaa bi_lkul akelaa!
 14. marrish
 marrish Senior Member
 اُردو Urdu
 Alfaaz SaaHib, could you please check whether this verse is written correctly? I'm asking about محفل ہو کے تنہائی maHfil ho ke tanhaa'ii. Perhaps محفل ہو کہ تنہائی maHfil ho kih tanhaa'ii?
 15. Alfaaz Senior Member
 Another interpretation: People could think that the person is perhaps experiencing visual and/or auditory hallucinations, because s/he thinks of and sees his/her lover all the time which makes others see insanity, magar woh apne aap ko shaidaa'ii, saudaa'ii aur dewaanah tasawwur naheeN karte!
 As you would know, the edit function wouldn't work now.
 Last


text:
Globally, Colgate's Bright Smiles, Bright Futures Oral Health Education Program reaches out to over 50 million children and their families in 30 languages and 80 countries annually to communicate the importance of good oral health.
In Malaysia, the Colgate School Program was launched in 1965 in collaboration with the Ministry of Education with the objective of creating awareness of proper oral hygiene amongst young school children. Over the last 41 years, Dental Health Kits consisting of Colgate toothbrush and toothpaste have been distributed to more than 12 million primary school students to supplement educational efforts on oral health care by teachers and dental nurses from Ministry of Health. Children were educated on proper oral hygiene habits from a young age in the classroom. This was supplemented by free dental check ups and brushing drills conducted government dental nurses, helping achieve the goal of keeping their teeth healthy for life.
Today, the School Program has continued to evolve, incorporating in it the latest key educational elements of Colgate's Bright Smiles, Bright Futures Oral Health Education Program. Children not only learn about good oral health habits in the classroom, but are also given take home materials to continue to sustain the good oral habits learnt. Additionally, they also have the opportunity to participate the Global 'My Bright Smiles' poster drawing contest. All these, help Malaysians achieve the vision of healthy teeth for life.


text:
Engaging in creative activity is extremely beneficial for people of all ages, not just the young. Research shows both the acts of creative expression and social interaction are vital to the mental and physical well being of senior citizens. According to Gene D. Cohen, MD, PhD of the Center for Aging, Health & Humanities, George Washington University, "Expressing ourselves can actually improve health, both mentally and physically."
Dr. Cohen's research claims the following benefits:
- Creativity reinforces essential connections between brain cells, including those responsible for memory.
- Creativity strengthens morale. It alters the way we respond to problems and sometimes allows us to transcend them. Keeping a fresh perspective makes us emotionally resilient.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Walk Two Moons Summary
Extended Summary
Walk Two Moons has received five prestigious awards, including the Newbery Medal in 1995. The Ohio-born author, Sharon Creech, attributes the title of the book to a message she discovered inside a fortune cookie while she was finishing her manuscript: "Don't judge a man until you've walked two moons in his moccasins." The plot is separated into three separate settings that intermingle throughout the story to illustrate the personal transformation of the lead character, Salamanca Tree Hiddle, known as Sal. She is a thirteen-year-old girl who is homesick for her farm in the fictional town of Bybanks, Kentucky, and who misses her mother with a desperate intensity that dominates the story. The book is framed around a road trip Sal takes with her grandparents from Euclid, Ohio, to Lewiston, Idaho, where her mother fled after a tragic miscarriage and a bout with depression. Sal and her grandparents trace the route her mother took west, visiting the places she described in postcards she sent them.
Throughout the road trip, Sal recalls memories of her mother before she left their home in Bybanks. She also tells stories to her grandparents about the recent disappearance of Phoebe Winterbottom's mother, the appearance of the Lunatic, and her budding romance with a classmate named Ben. In turn, Sal's grandparents relate stories about their own lives and marriage.
Sal's memories of her mother, Sugar, are both sweet and sad. Sal's early memories of her mother reveal a woman who adores her husband, her daughter, and life on their family farm. Sugar loves anything to do with nature, including insects, animals, and sugar maple trees (after which she was named). Of particular importance are the wild blackberries Sal would pick with her mother in the spring. Sugar's kisses often smelled like blackberries, so the berries come to represent her mother to Salamanca, as do the trees for which they are each named.
Sal's parents dream of "filling up the house with children," but when Sugar gives birth to a stillborn daughter and subsequently undergoes an emergency hysterectomy necessitated by complications with the birth, she struggles with her roles as a wife and mother and falls slowly into a depression. Sugar hopes to find relief during a visit to her cousin, so she travels to Lewiston, Idaho. But she does not return. The details of Sugar's experience in Idaho are vague until the last few chapters of the book.
Sal struggles with guilt because of an accident she had the day of the stillbirth, which caused her mother to carry her for a short distance. She also feels guilty because she has an intermittent desire to move on without her mother. Her father's grief proves to be too painful; he moves Sal and himself to Ohio where his new friend, Margaret Cadaver, has found him a new job. Sal is resentful of her father's relationship with Margaret. She attempts to avoid Margaret and her blind, eccentric mother, Mrs. Partridge, when possible. Then Salamanca meets Phoebe.
The girl's friendship begins when Sal spots Phoebe Winterbottom peering from her bedroom window across the street from Margaret Cadaver's house. Phoebe thinks Margaret and her eccentric mother are peculiar and have possibly murdered the late Mr. Cadaver. Because Sal is eager to find fault with the new woman in her father's life, she agrees with Phoebe although her better judgment tells her otherwise.
Dinner at the home of Mary Lou Biddle, a new friend,...
(The entire section is 1431 words.)
Walk Two Moons Overview
While on a six-day journey with her eccentric grandparents, Gram and Gramps, Salamanca Tree Hiddle faces and comes to terms with her life as...
(The entire section is 729 words.)
Ed. Scott Locklear


text:
Here's an English definition from the introductory paragraphs of "Soil-Vegetation Relationships in Hawaiian Kipukas" by D. Mueller-Dombois and Charles H. Lamoureux in Pacific Science 21(1967):286-299.
KIPUKA, the Hawaiian word for "opening," has come into scientific usage as a term used to designate an older area on the slopes of volcanic mountains that has been surrounded by more recent lava flows. Kipukas are common landscape features on the slopes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes on the [Big Island] of Hawaii, where they can be readily recognized as islands of denser vegetation in the vast, sparsely vegetated areas. They range in size from a few square meters to hundreds of acres.The usual Hawaiian (and Hawaiian Pidgin) term for 'hole' in the sense of 'perforation, gap, blank (in a form), zero' (vs. lua 'pit, hole in the ground, latrine') is puka, as in one-puka-puka, the U.S. Army's 100th Infantry Battalion. Hawaiian kīpuka may be a puka with an intensifying prefix, and it has an interesting range of meanings that have nothing to do with lava. Here's the full entry from Pukui and Elbert's (1986) revised and enlarged edition of their Hawaiian Dictionary:
Kipukas are of special interest for several reasons. As vegetation islands they provide seedsource centers for the invasion of vegetation on new volcanic material. As vegetation islands they represent somewhat simplified ecosystems, analogous to bogs or lakes, that are very suitable for studying internal ecological relationships. The isolation of small populations in kipukas provides unique opportunities for evolutionary studies.
1. Variation or change of form (puka, hole), as a calm place in a high sea, deep place in a shoal, opening in a forest, openings in cloud formations, and especially a clear place or oasis within a lava bed where there may be vegetation. 2. Short shoulder cape; cloak, poncho. 3. Loop, lasso; snare, as for catching owls (a rat was tied to a sharp stick in a net; the owl, pouncing on the rat, was pierced by this stick).Ouch!
UPDATE: As its Hawaiian etymology suggests, the kipuka is usually a hollow spot in a lava flow. A kipuka that projects above the surrounding lava is a steptoe, "named after Steptoe Butte, a quartzite protrusion above the Columbia Plateau lava flows near Colfax, Washington" or a dagala, from an Italian term for "an islandlike mass of older land surrounded by later lava flows," according to the (1960) second edition of the Glossary of geology and related sciences: A cooperative project of the American Geological Institute.


Problem statement :
"In 2-D co-ordinate system, to determine whether a given trial point is inside or outside a given polygon -- the polygon may be concave or convex"
Input :
1. The no. of vertices.
2. The vertices.
3. The trial point.
Output :
I thought i'd try it out with graphics - it worked, but it was too compiler specific for me to try and accept it. could any of you propose a more general solution.


text:
School Science/Oyster cultivation in seawater ponds
Saccostrea gigas, the Japanese oyster, is ideally suited for cultivation in sea water ponds or in the water from seawater ponds. Major advantages of this oyster are:
- Gigas does well in water with high concentrations of phytoplankton, the normal situation in marine ponds which are growing fish or prawns and which therefore have high nutrient loadings.
- Spat (the juveniles) of gigas are readily available from hatcheries all over the world and are also not too difficult to reproduce in a modest mariculture hatchery.
- Gigas has a ready market and is a fast grower. In phytoplankton rich water it becomes very fat (lots of glycogen stored) and as a result is very tasty.
- Gigas can survive a wide range of temperatures from near freezing up to 30 degrees although it grows fastest and fattest at around 20 degrees.
Experimental Cultivation of gigas
A simple way to test if the oysters will thrive is to construct some simple baskets of stiff plastic mesh (netlon for instance). Put in a few tens of small, young gigas and suspend the baskets from the monks (water outlet structures) of the pond. Use mesh of at least 10mm opening so that it doesn't plug up too quickly with marine fouling organisms. A simple way of doing this is to cut two disks of, say, 30cm diameter one for the top and one for the bottom and a strip of, say 10cm wide for the side. Sew up with plastic cord and leave a place where the baskets can be opened to add and remove oysters as necessary. Attach three cords equally spaced around the upper rim, tie them together and attach a cord long enough to suspend baskets in the pond. Gigas grown this way in Elat reached a total weight of 75 grams in 9 months and had very high quality indices.
Crassostrea produce large amounts of faeces and pseudofaeces when they are in plankton rich water so every few days they will need to be agitated to remove this material. Otherwise they will smother. Further along in this module we describe a way of growing the oysters so that they are pretty well immune from this build up of sediment.
If you cup your left hand and cover the cup with your right hand which you keep flat, this represents the shells of an oyster. The hinge is at the part of your hand nearest to the wrist and the opening at the ends of your fingers. Imagine your body shrinking until it will fit inside your hands in the same orientation as you are sitting now. The cupped left hand is the left shell of the oyster but since this is the shell that is attached to the substrate (often intertidal rocks in the case of Saccostrea sp.) it is commonly referred to as the lower shell while the flat right shell is commonly called the upper shell. A membrane or skin attaches along the oysters back and lines the shells. This membrane is called the mantle.
Oysters feed by means of their gills. They close the gap between the shells with their mantle, leaving an openings where your thumb and little finger are in the above paragraph. Cillia on the gills beat, creating a flow of water in one opening and out the other. The mucus on the gills captures particles and the action of cillia move the mucus with its edible particles along pathways on the gills towards the mouth. Inedible particles are sent along other pathways away from the mouth. From time to time, the oyster closes quickly, blowing out the unwanted particles which are stuck together with mucus. This expelled material is referred to as pseudofaeces. As it is now in larger particles than when it was individual cells of phytoplankton, it sinks faster and forms an organic layer along with ordinary faeces on the bottom of its growing vessel (pond, trough, tank etc.)In waters with high concentrations of plankton, even particles which are edible by the oysters are expelled as pseudofaeces. This potential food is therefore lost to the oysters. Below a method to make better use of more of the available food is described.
More Efficient Use of Phytoplankton
Oysters produce pseudofaeces when exposed to edible particles in high concentrations. This, of course, wastes food that could have been used to grow more oysters. It also produces more grunge which rapidly turns anaerobic and must be cleared more often from the growing vessel. Since marine fish and prawns are fed with large quantities of prepared feed, in sunny areas, where much of this type of cultivation occurs, very rich blooms of phytoplankton develop in the ponds. Any system which presents this food at the correct concentration to the oysters will increase the quantity of oysters that can be grown from a given area of sea water pond. A way which has been used successfully is to build a trough (1m x 1m for instance) which is a little lower than the pond. The water leaving the pond is run through the trough. Instead of letting all the water in one end and out the other, the water is introduced all along the trough. This keeps renewing the phytoplankton as the oysters remove it and ensures that all the oysters are growing in an algae soup which is more dilute in phytoplankton than the water in the pond.
Cleaning the Trough
Oysters produce very large amounts of faeces and if in rich water, large amounts of pseudofaeces. After a time this material builds up on the bottom of the trough, becomes anaerobic and begins to produce hydrogen sulphide an ammonia. It is wise to fit the oyster trough with monk boards or some similar system so that the water can be let down completely and the trough flushed out. At the same time the oysters can be washed off although this becomes much less critical with the following growing method.
Self Cleaning Oysters
While a common method of growing oysters it to put them on mesh trays with their lower shells down, in this orientation, the oysters can easily be smothered by the solid wastes of oysters above them. The trick is to suspend them hinge up, opening down. A method which worked well in a pilot study in Elat was to glue spat on to netlon mesh on trays and place them in the ponds or troughs. As an oyster grows it attaches by its lower shell to the substrate. After a few weeks, the trays were removed from the water and the mesh cut up to leave an eye of mesh distal to the hinge on each oyster. The oysters were then suspended from the corners of vinyl coated wire weld mesh with a hole size of 55mm. This was fairly labour intensive but when compared with the work that goes into cleaning oysters on trays or the work done to grow oysters in the intertidal zone in many parts of the world then it can be seen that even this experimental method was not that onerous. Once the oysters are suspended this way, they are only handled once again for harvest.
In many parts of the world there are worms that settle on the lip of oysters and then grow inbetween the layers of the shell. When an oyster is opened, the cavity thus produced is often broken into and spills its contents of anaerobic mud on to the oyster. These worms are particularly prevalent in muddy conditions. One way of reducing such attacks is to clean the oysters often. However, a less laborious way is to ensure that these animals do not enter the pond. Since they enter as microscopic larvae, this necessitates the microfiltration of the water entering the ponds. With the high exchange rates typically used in marine ponds, this is impossible or at least very expensive by man made mechanical methods.
A better way is to take the water from the beach or sea bottom. A number of methods have been used, depending on the individual location. In desert areas or areas where, due to the particular geology of the site, there is no fresh water flowing underground out into the sea, a well can often be dug above the high tide mark and a pump lowered into the well. If you are lucky enough to have such a site, this is probably the least expensive system to build and to run. The entire beach adjacent to the site becomes the filter for the well. Since the area is very large, the flow rate becomes very slow and the filter will often act as a live filter rather than as a mechanical filter.
As water is sucked through the beach or seabottom, oxygen goes with it. This allows many organisms to settle in the spaces between the particles. Many of these filter particulate material from the water. A good indication that the filter is actively filtering is a level of Oxygen in the water entering the pond which is lower than the oxygen level in the nearby ocean.
There are a number of measurements of "oyster quality". One of the most accepted indices is to divide the dry weight of the oyster meat in grams by the volume of the space where the oyster lives in cubic centimetres. The dry weight of the oyster meat is obtained by drying to constant weight the meat of the shucked oyster at just over 100 degrees. The volume of the cavity is found as follows. The unshucked, closed oyster is suspended by a thread from the hook under a top loading balance. The weight is noted. A container of water is brought up under the oyster and raised until the whole oyster is immersed. The change in weight in grams is equal to the volume of the oyster in cubic centimetres. After the oyster is shucked


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Religion And Conflict Resolution
Religion plays a role in some of the most repeated conflict zones of the world, and religious conflicts constitute an increasing share of violent conflicts today. For many individuals and groups, religious beliefs seem to give the moral ammunition to justify and carry out violence. At the same time, state leaders often have to contend juggling the right of religious freedom, their own religious beliefs and preferences, and their fear of radical elements, instability, and concerns for public safety. Religious repression can and does occur under the auspices of fighting terror or protecting the country from destabilizing and potentially dangerous elements.
The course explores conflicts in the world over the centuries and the role religion plays in escalating and resolving them.
The course aims to enable students to explore conflicts in the world over the centuries and the role religion plays in escalating and resolving them. Particularly, the role of religion in conflict resolution.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
By end of the course unit, students should be able to:
- To know the role of religion in conflict resolution
- To know the religious teachings on wars and revolutions
- To know Religion plays and has played in conflict escalation and conflict resolution in the world today and in the past.


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Gardening Articles: Landscaping :: Container Gardening & Ponds
Fruiting Banana Tree for Containers
by Charlie Nardozzi
There is no fruit more representative of the tropics than the banana. However, other than frost-free areas in South Florida, Texas, and Southern California, you rarely see fruiting bananas in the garden. While there are a number of dwarf ornamental banana varieties available that can add a tropical look to your landscape, most fruiting varieties are hard to manage since they grow into large trees and take a long time to produce.
Thats just changed with the introduction of the Dwarf Lady Finger banana (Musa 'Dwarf Lady Finger'). This variety only grows only 5 feet tall and produces sweet, 4- to 5-inch-long fruit in only 8 to10 months after planting. Since the plant is a manageable size, Dwarf Lady Finger grows well in a container indoors or outdoors. Keep it well watered and fertilized all summer for best growth and, in all but the warmest climates, bring the plant indoors into a sunny room in the fall for the winter. Dwarf Lady Finger is hardy to USDA zone 8.
For more information on the Dwarf Lady Finger banana, go to: Logees Greenhouses.


SP Serial 550 PCI
Device driver details
Category: Other
Manufacturer: Lava Computer MFG Inc.
Caution Level: Safe
Download File Size: 53.6 KB
Latest Version / Release Date: 1.00.01 / 20 Sep 2000
Download DriverScanner to check your PC for outdated drivers
Before you download: We recommend you scan Windows for registry errors
Windows device driver information for SP Serial 550 PCI
This hardware component is an expansion card which plugs into a vacant PCI slot on the computer motherboard to provide the host computer system with additional cabling possibilities for both serial and parallel interfaces. It is known as an adapter card which is capable of delivering data transfer rates of up to 115.2 kilobits per second depending on the capability of the attached hardware component. Like most devices which are installed internally it requires the corresponding extraction of its device driver which will make it both operational and functional. When properly installed in the host computer system it will be immediately detected upon reboot and will allow the underlying operating system to detect any device attached to its interface port. These types of hardware components are normally referred to as expansion cards because they supplement the existing functionality of the host computer system.
In terms of hardware functionality the SP Serial 550 PCI is designed to minimize if not completely eliminate the occurrence of bottlenecks during data transmission. Using the manufacturer provided device driver it can also address common problems that involve Interrupt Requests in the host computer system. Basically every hardware component is assigned a corresponding address and Interrupt Request which allows the underlying operating system platform to identify the attached devices. Sometimes when massive amounts of information is processed there can be bottlenecks when accessing these IRQs. The device driver of the SP Serial 550 PCI helps to avoid these instances by allowing the expansion card to take control of the data traffic for the devices attached to its ports. By handling the input and output traffic in a single card with high speed bidirectional interfaces the computer user gains a boost in the overall performance of the host machine. For older computer systems the computer user now has the ability of connecting external devices like modems, scanners, and additional printers among others. It is highly recommended you run a free registry scan for and SP Serial 550 PCI errors before installing any driver updates.
You are currently viewing the device driver detail page for SP Serial 550 PCI
Browse more device drivers


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Which display should you choose when buying a TV or laptop or mobile device, bigger size or bigger resolution?
Size Display size is measured in inches. Here we only measure the diagonal size in inches and not the horizontal or vertical size of the screen.
Square the horizontal or vertical size of the screen in inches, and add the two numbers together. Find the root of that resulting number, and you have your display's diagonal in inches.
Pixel It is the smallest element that can be displayed on a screen. To be more simple, it is just a single dot on a display or a screen.
Resolution Resolution refers to size of the display in terms of pixels. E.g. Resolution of 800×600 pixels means that the there are 800 pixels horizontally and 600 pixels vertically. So therefore there are a total of 480000 pixel in the display.
Square the display's width and height in pixels, and add the two numbers together. Find the root of that resulting number, and you have your display's diagonal resolution in pixels.
Pixel Density Many of us are not aware of the importance of Pixel Density in displays. It is the thing which describes the sharpness and clarity.
Pixel Density is usually measured in PPI (Pixels Per Inch) which refers to number of pixels present per inch on the display. Higher the pixel density higher is the sharpness of the content.
Pixel Density is calculated based on the resolution and size of the display.
Pixel Density = Diagonal resolution in pixels/Diagonal in inches
Consider the above image. The alphabet "A" on the left is displayed on screen (32 inch display size) with lower resolution. The alphabet "A" on the right is displayed on the screen (32 inch display size) with higher resolution which delivers better sharpness.
What does this mean?
The thing with PPI is that with the same resolution, the larger the screen, the lower the PPI, the lower sharpness. This is because a larger screen means the individual pixels have to be larger to fill the space.
If you compare iPhone 6s Plus and Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge which both have the same size 5.5 inch but iPhone 6s Plus comes with 1920×1080 resolution at 401 PPI while Galaxy S7 Edge comes with a 2560×1440-pixel resolution at 534 PPI. It means the text and images on the Galaxy S7 Edge's display are sharper than on the iPhone 6s Plus' display.
The interesting thing about devices that boast a higher PPI that 400 is that your eyes can't see the high concentration of pixels at normal smartphone viewing distances. Your naked eye can only see densities of up to 399, so you won't be able to tell the difference between a device with a PPI of 400 and 440 (the Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge, for example).
- Dell XPS 13 (2016) has a pixel density of 276.
- Dell Precision 5510 Workstation 15 (2016) has a pixel density of 282.
- MacBook Pro 13-inch (2016) has a pixel density of 227.
- MacBook Pro 15-inch (2016) has a pixel density of 220.


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Treasure Island is the titular location in Muppet Treasure Island, though it is never specified by name in the film. In the original Robert Louis Stevenson novel, the text indicates that the island is in the vicinity of the Spanish Main, or Atlantic Ocean, the historically dominant region of piracy. The tropical island is home to such fauna as crocodiles, mosquitoes, and monkeys, and the native population consists of a tribe of boars, led by high priest Spa'am. An unusual natural occurrence is a collection of large stone heads, carved in the likenesses of pigs, much like those found on Easter Island. The heads occasionally participate in native chants or crack jokes to marooned sailors. Benjamina Gunn is a more recent inhabitant, marooned by Captain Flint, and subsequently presides over the natives as their queen, accompanied by her pet anteater, Flaubert.
Prior to the film's narrative, Captain Flint selected the island as the place to bury his treasure. The Crew of the Hispaniola re-discover the island, thanks to Jim Hawkins' map. The map marked such features as the tree where the dead men hang. The island carries a general atmosphere of both exotic hope and supernatural danger, preying on the superstitious nature of the pirates. Other topographical features include the sandy beach front, lush palm forests, and cliffs suitable for dangling captive amphibious sea captains and their lady pig friends. Cultural ceremonies, which attract a lively tourist interest, include the native war chants, swashbuckling pirate melees, and rousing impromptu musical numbers.


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Engineers who design equipment with motors, transmissions, and bearings know the importance of detecting the onset of a failure and rectifying the problem quickly. Bearing failure can cause catastrophic damage to equipment. Imagine the results of a bearing failure on a railway car carrying your family.
A company called Track IQ has come up with a way to monitor acoustic signals from the bearings that support the weight of a railroad car on the outer axle of a wheelset. A wheelset comprises an axle that connects two flanged metal wheels that run on a track. The technique and system are called RailBAM (Railway Bearing Acoustic Monitor). According to Siemens, which distributes the RailBAM equipment, the monitor can detect damage to the wheelset bearings in trains sooner than other techniques, so railway operators can improve the reliability of rail transport and reduce maintenance costs.
The RailBAM system monitors the sounds of wheelset bearings as trains pass a set of sensors. It now monitors trains traveling at up to 160km/hour, though Track IQ plans to adapt the system to work with faster trains. Normally, railway operators would replace a wheelset every 1.2 million kilometers (745,000 miles). Or they would use a hot box to detect overheated bearing cases, which indicate a bearing failure. Now, though, a RailBAM system lets railroad shop workers replace wheelsets whenever the acoustic measurement data reveals the first signs of trouble.
According to Track IQ, an array of acoustic sensors improves spatial discrimination or directionality. Software uses geometric wheel measurements and acoustic characteristics to reduce crosstalk in the acoustic signals. As a result, the influence of a large fault on one axle does not diminish the reading from a small fault on an adjacent axle.
In Southampton, England, RailBAM equipment has monitored 45 trains with 9,000 wheelsets over a two-year span. As a result of this test, maintenance intervals for powered and nonpowered wheelsets increased by 10 percent and 50 percent, respectively.
Though preventive maintenance regimens often use accelerometers to detect problems in stationary rotating equipment, perhaps acoustic signatures could supplement their measurements in mechatronic systems. In a railway, all wheels have similar characteristics, and they run a fixed distance from acoustic sensors. These conditions reduce the unknowns in measurement algorithms. The variability of mechatronic devices might present a challenge to something similar to the Track IQ system, but it might still deserve a look -- or a listen.
Note: For some time, railroad cars in the US have used an automatic equipment identification system that relies on heavy-duty radio frequency tags attached to both sides of a car. A tag reader system associated with a RailBAM system would let the equipment identify the specific rail car with an out-of-spec bearing or bearings.


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"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Born March 2, 1914
Died December 8, 2010(2010-12-08) (aged 96)
Nationality German, United States of America
Fields Mathematics, Engineering
Marshall Space Flight Center
Alma mater Darmstadt University of Technology
Notable awards Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service, 1959
"Walter Haeussermann (also spelled Häussermann; March 2, 1914 – December 8, 2010) was a German-American aerospace engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group", both at Peenemünde and later at Marshall Space Flight Center, where he was the director of the guidance and control laboratory. He was awarded the Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service in 1959 for his contributions to the US rocket program.
"Haeussermann was born in Germany shortly before the beginning of World War I. He eventually matriculated at the Darmstadt University of Technology, where he earned a doctorate in physics. He was drafted into the German army for World War II and taken to the rocket development center at Peenemünde on December 1, 1939. In a 2008 interview, he recalled seeing a rocket engine test upon his arrival there, saying, "I was flabbergasted, because on the first day I was shown a rocket test... I was astonished that something like this was already existing." Asked about meeting von Braun, he enthusiastically replied, "I met him the second day. I was very interested about him." He worked on the V-2 guidance and simulations by means of analog computers.
"He stayed at Peenemünde 3 years, then returned to Darmstadt where he worked for Kreiselgeraete and Siemens to develop a gyroscopic guidance platform. After the war, he was invited to join von Braun's team in Fort Bliss, Texas, but initially declined because his wife was ill.
"Helmut Hölzer and Ernst Steinhoff accepted the Operation Paperclip invitation to the United States, traveled there in late 1945, and maintained contact with Haeussermann. Haeussermann came to the United States in 1947 to rejoin von Braun's team, working on ballistic missile guidance and control engineering at Fort Bliss. In 1951, the group moved to Redstone Arsenal.
"In 1954, Haeussermann became a naturalized US citizen. At that time he was the director of the Guidance and Control Laboratory and head of the Astrionics Division of what is now Marshall Space Flight Center.
"NASA was formed in 1958, and Haeussermann was on the initial roster. There, he led electrical, computer systems, guidance, and navigation systems for the Saturn V. He took his responsibility for the astronauts safe transport seriously. He said, "I refused any congratulation before [Apollo 11 astronauts] were safely back. Of course, we were very proud."
"His contributions to the space program were recognized with the Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service in 1959.
"Haeussermann remained an enthusiastic supporter of the space program and attended reunions and public events regularly until his death.
"Work in guidance and control
"Haeussermann's main area of work was in automatic guidance and control for missiles. For example, he was instrumental in the design of the Saturn V system. He also conducted research more broadly, for instance in 3-axis attitude control and the use of Hall devices in aerospace control devices. In his late career, he examined control issues related to experiments on board the Space Shuttle.
"Haeussermann, W. (1965) Guidance and control of saturn launch vehicles, AIAA #65-304.
Haeussermann, W. (1970) Description and performance of the Saturn launch vehicle's navigation, guidance, and control system, NASA TN D-5869.
Haeussermann, W. (1971) Saturn launch vehicle's navigation guidance, and control system, Automatica 7(5), 537-556.
Haeussermann, W. (1959) The Spherical Control Motor for Three-Axis Attitude Control of Space Vehicles, NASA TM X-50071
Haeussermann, W. (1979) Hall devices improve electric motor efficiency, NASA MFS-23828.
Haeussermann, W. (1976) Control requirements of the Shuttle experiments, In: Symposium on Automatic Control in Space, 7th, Rottach-Egern, West Germany, May 17–21, 1976, Volume 1. (A77-24777 10-12) Düsseldorf, VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft Messund Regelungstechnik, 1976, p. 97-111."
Kenneth Stepp salutes Walter Haeussermann--Immigrant of the Day! Many neo-cons would have kept the likes of Walter Haeussermann and Albert Einstein from immigrating to the United States from Central Europe. We might not have won the Cold War without the helps of the immigrants from Central Europe that helped our nuclear program and our rocket program. America needs to keep moving ahead and to disregards those nattering nabobs of negativism--the Know Nothings!


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Some Frost/Freeze Knowledge
By Stephen Gode on September 25, 2012, 11:29am
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In the map above, the 10% probability of 32°F or less on an earlier date for most of interior Connecticut is highlighted for September 15th to October 1st. The extreme northeast and northwest portions of Connecticut is highlighted for September 1st to September 15th. The shore is highlighted for October 1st to October 15th except for the majority of southern Fairfield County (October 15th to November 1st).
General NWS terms:
Indicates the potential for significant weather events up to 7 days in advance with a forecaster confidence around 30%.
Indicates that conditions are favorable for the particular weather event in and near the Watch area, and which may pose a risk to life and property. Watches are issued up to 48 hours in advance with forecaster confidence around 50%.
Indicates that a particular weather event is imminent or occurring. Advisories are issued if the weather event will lead to nuisance conditions, while Warnings are issued for significant weather events which will pose a risk to life and property. Warnings and Advisories are issued up to 48 hours in advance with forecaster confidence of at least 80%.
Note: Watches and Warnings issued for Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Flash Flooding have much shorter lead times, on the order of hours for Watches or even minutes for Warnings.
From the NWS frost and freeze terms are:
Freeze - A condition occurring over a large area when the surface air temperature remains below 32 degrees Fahrenheit for an extended period of time possibly leading to the damage of certain crops.
Freeze Warning - Issued during the growing season when surface temperatures are expected to drop below freezing over a large area for an extended period of time, regardless if frost develops or not. They are usually issued to highlight the first few freezes of the fall, or unusually late freezes in the spring.
A "hard freeze" is used to imply temperatures that are sufficiently cold, for a long enough period, to seriously damage or kill seasonal vegetation. For example, the Mobile AL forecast office lists criteria for its hard freeze warning as temperatures 26 degrees or lower for at least 5 hours. The purpose of this warning to alert people to the potential for frozen pipes, radiators, livestock and so on, not just damage to sensitive plants.
Frost - A covering of ice on exposed surfaces when the air temperature falls below the frost point.
Frost point - temperature, below 0° C (32° F), at which moisture in the air will condense as a layer of frost on any exposed surface. The frost point is analogous to the dew point, the temperature at which the water condenses in liquid form; both the frost point and the dew point depend upon the relative humidity of the air.
Frost Advisory - Issued during the growing season when widespread frost formation is expected over an extensive area. Surface temperatures are usually 33°F to 36°F Fahrenheit.


Hot Tar Roof
Hot Tar Roofing Contractors in Houston
Hot tar roofing is popular in Houston due to its ability to reduce energy costs, decrease the demand for routine maintenance, and eliminate the adverse impact of ultraviolet radiation. Professional commercial roofing contractors Houston TX use torches to design watertight layers that can serve you for over 35 years. Depending on your unique requirements, you can also add fire-resistant coatings and a layer made up of minerals that increase the grip of the hot tar roofs surface. The sheets are strong and enable the roof to withstand hail and fast-moving winds. Are you looking for a durable and fuss-free roofing system? As you can see, you have all the reasons to consider hot tar roofing.
Best Way to Install Hot Tar Roofs
Step 1: Prepare for Emergencies
If you are an expert roofer, you have to train your team of workers in first aid. You should also have access to cold water on the site to help in case of burns. Whenever tar comes into contact with the skin, it solidifies. The best way to remove the material is to keep it submerged in water.
To avoid the risk of fire and explosion, you will need to keep your tar kettle 25 degrees or more below the flashpoint. Besides, flammable objects like wooden tools and rags will need to be far from the kettle. Your kettle will also need to be far away from plants and grass.
Your personal security is also essential. Ensure you have heat resistant-gloves, comfortable clothes, shoes, and safety goggles to protect yourself from burns.
Step 2: Estimate the Required Tar Amount
Measure the roof's dimension and use the findings to estimate the amount of hot tar that you will need. In many cases, people use asphalt roofing tar, but you may need coal tar bitumen if your hot tar roof is significantly slanted with slopes and eaves. You can also collaborate with other experts if you need some help.
Step 3: Create Base Layer
Nail a coating on the roofing system to create the base layer. The best coatings to use are asphalt, elastomeric, or aluminized asphalt. Your coating should be based on the roof's shape and the prevailing weather conditions. For a little extra, you can gravel-embed the coating to make it work as a buffer between the tar and the roof. This is the most suitable way of protecting your roof from intense heat.
Step 4: Transport the Tar
 If you have a large roofing project, the material can be poured from a truck's pipes. For small projects, you can use a steel bucket to transport tar to and from your roof. To be safe, make the bucket ¾ full.
Step 5: Pour Hot Tar
Start pouring the hot tar from the furthest corner. Push the tar in smooth strokes using a fiberglass mop. Cover all the areas. Besides, be sure to keep all the layers thin. Also, ensure that the hot tar does not clump in a single section of the roof, as you roll. Carefully lay tar paper and make not less than three layers.
Remember, the installation process of hot tar roofs requires the service of an expert. If you are one, you will appreciate that these tips make it is easy to do the work. Typically, for every 200 square feet, professional roofers apply about 30 pounds of hot tar.
Easy Routine Maintenance of Hot Tar Roofs
Hot tar roofing has significantly fewer maintenance requirements than others. However, with time, you are likely going to need to repair tiny blisters. Trapped airs that exist below the surface of the roof's layers precipitate these roofing issues. To be able to eliminate the blisters, contractors install additional felt.
Energy Efficiency of Hot Tar Roofing
The hot tar roofing's multi-layers successfully prevent too much heat from penetrating the commercial facility. At the same time, it ensures that warmth does not escape from the structure. As such, the roofing system helps to reduce the cooling cost during the summer. Also, it can reduce the heating cost of commercial buildings during the winter.
Reach Out to Commercial Roofing Contractors Houston TX
If you are a resident of Houston and its environs and require professional help installing your hot tar roof, reach out to the commercial roofing contractors Houston TX at KSI Commercial Roofing Houston. With several years of experience in commercial roofing, this is a reputable company that you can trust with your hot tar roofing needs. We are committed to offering quality services, free estimates, and a reassuring warranty. For more information, please feel to email and call us right away. We are looking forward to serving you.


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"What we have once enjoyed we can never lose. All that we love deeply becomes a part of us." Helen Keller
EPA's Brownfields Program empowers states, communities, and other stakeholders to work together to prevent, assess, safely clean up, and sustainably reuse brownfields. A brownfield site is real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. On February 17, 2009, President Barack Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The Recovery Act is an unprecedented effort to jumpstart our economy, and create or save millions of jobs. This law provided stimulus funds to the Brownfields Program to award grants to evaluate and clean up former industrial and commercial sites. Under this law, EPA will provide financial assistance to eligible applicants through four competitive grant programs: assessment grants, revolving loan fund grants, cleanup grants, and job training grants.
$200,000 for hazardous substances (Recovery Act Funding)
$200,000 for petroleum (Recovery Act Funding)
EPA has selected the City of Talladega for two brownfields assessment grants. Community-wide hazardous substances and petroleum grant funds will be used to conduct about 30 Phase I and 16 Phase II environmental site assessments, and support community outreach activities. Grant funds also will be used to conduct cleanup planning.
The City of Talladega was selected to receive two brownfields assessment grants. Founded in 1835, Talladega (population 17,344) was one of the first agricultural centers in eastern Alabama. The city once sustained a varied economy supported by foundries, textile mills, small businesses, and other manufacturers. The decline in many of the industrial and manufacturing companies left the city with numerous deteriorating buildings and an economic downturn. During the past two decades, the decline in the textile industry resulted in the loss of more than 1,000 jobs and the closure of seven mills and supporting industries. There are an estimated 46 brownfield sites city-wide. About 18 are in the targeted Battle Street Corridor, a major transportation corridor in the city. Household income in Talladega consistently ranks lower than the county, state, and national levels. Nineteen percent of city residents live below the poverty level, and 42.3 percent are minorities. Brownfield assessments will help property owners understand conditions at sites, and are expected to facilitate site cleanup.
For further information, including specific grant contacts, additional grant information, brownfields news and events, and publications and links, visit the (_URL_
EPA Region 4 Brownfields Team _PHONE_ (_URL_
Grant Recipient: City of Talladega, AL
The information presented in this fact sheet comes from the grant proposal; EPA cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. The cooperative agreement for the grant has not yet been negotiated. Therefore, activities described in this fact sheet are subject to change.


10.12 Deleting the Junction
Deleting a junction removes the junction file and the trustees, trustee rights, and inherited rights filters that are explicitly set on the junction. It does not delete the data or trustee settings in the target location.
Changing the access path to the data might result in different effective rights for users at the target location. To avoid security or visibility issues, make sure to verify trustee settings in the target location before or after the delete. Before you delete the junction, you can use the Target Rights page for the junction to modify the settings. After you delete the junction, use any other method you normally use to view and modify rights.
 1. (Optional, recommended) Verify that the trustees and trustee rights settings at the target location are what you intend them to be when users access the data via a different path than the current junction.
 For information, see Section 10.8, Adding or Deleting Trustees for the Junction Target and Section 10.10, Modifying Trustee Rights for the Junction Target.
 2. In iManager, click Distributed File Services > Delete Junction.
 3. Browse to locate the junction you want to delete.
 4. Click OK, then confirm the warning message to delete the junction.


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The Gold Medal Schools Awards Program (GMS) recognizes Utah's schools that create opportunities for students to eat healthy, be active, and stay tobacco-free.
How to Apply:
See the "Award" information and application page at the Gold Medal Schools Web site.
After completion of award requirements, submit completed application with the handling fee (if applicable).
- Review the award requirements and choose the level you will be working toward. Award levels are:
- Identify which criteria you will be working on.
- Bronze: A school must complete the following six criteria:
- 90 minutes of structured physical activity each week
- Teach the State Office of Education Nutrition Curriculum
- Walk the Gold Medal Mile
- Write and enforce the Safe and Active Routes to School policy
- Write and enforce the Tobacco policy
- Complete the Heart Health Survey
- Silver: Must complete the Bronze and the three following Silver criteria:
- PTA/PTO coordinate one health related event per year
- Implement staff and wellness activities
- Offer a variety of competitive and non-competitive physical activity programs
- Gold: Must complete the Bronze, Silver and the following three Gold criteria:
- All Pre K-12 physical education courses be overseen by a PE specialist
- No food rewards
- Complete four of the nine options from the Changing the Scene Program.
- Platinum: Must complete the Bronze, Silver, Gold and the five following Platinum criteria:
- Strengthen school community council
- Healthy choices @ school events vending machines school stores, fundraisers, and other venues
- Staff/faculty wellness program
- Involve families communities
- Recess before lunch or adequate eating time


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UFT/QTP virtual memory issues
Have you ever encountered virtual memory issues when running long QuickTest Professional or Unified Functional testing scripts? They tend to occur while running either long overnight tests, or tests that have a ton of iterations. (If you're a sadist, your scripts might do both.)
Here are three things that might be causing your virtual memory issue:
- Not defining all your functions in a global function library
- Your application is not releasing memory
- QTP/UFT is not releasing memory
Place all your functions in a global function library
A leading cause of virtual memory issues is when local variables and functions are used within Actions. When this approach is used, QuickTest does not release its memory until it closes.
For example, if you have an action that iterates 1,000 times and you've defined 10 local variables, after 1,000 iterations enough memory will have been allocated for 10,000 variables! Things get even crazier if you're using an action-based framework that involves multiple actions calling each other.
The medication to relieve some of these memory allocation symptoms is to move all your variables and functions into a QTP VBScript library. Creating a function library won't solve all your memory usage issues, but it will help drastically minimize your memory usage.
Under QTP's File>settings>Resources section, you can point to your function library using the add button to associate your function library with the test script.
Once your script has a reference to the function library, you'll be able to call all the functions by typing them directly into your script. By creating a library file, you make your functions accessible to all your UFT scripts. Not only will this alleviate virtual memory issues, but it also will help:
- Simplify code for easier readability and maintenance
- Allow you to override an existing object method
- Abstracts your code for use and reuse in scripts, business components and recovery scenarios
If you don't know how to create a function library, take a look at the following example.
Creating a Library File
To create a function library you can either select File>New>Function Library in QuickTest Professional, or create a new file in a text editor like Notepad. For example:
- Create a new file in Notepad.
- Enter the following:
Function testMsg(firstName, lastName) msg = "Hello " & lastName &"," & firstName msgbox msg End Function
- Save as myFunction.txt to your C drive.
- In UFT/QTP, select File>New test.
- In the new test, click on File>Settings>Resources click on the add (+) button.
- If you get a "Relative Path" dialog, click No.
- The myFunction.txt library should now show up under the Resources section. Click on the "Test Settings" apply button.
- In your test, under the expert view, begin typing in the function name testMsg. Notice how the parameters for the function are shown.
- Enter the name:
- Click Run.
Your application is not releasing memory
There's no real solution for this if you're testing an application that's a memory hog. But in general, you might be able to free up some memory by minimizing the application. If minimizing doesn't help you should try starting and stopping your application for each test, or create a script that stops and restarts your application after a few tests have run. This is an issue I've commonly encountered when testing against IE, and I've found that minimizing the browser tends to solve things much of the time.
QTP/UFT is not releasing memory
Let's be honest. QTP/UFT itself can be a huge memory drain on your tests. If you're running tests that take hours and have lots of iterations you're inevitable going to encounter some issues. My advice is to restart QTP/Unified Functional Testing during replay, which will help to free up any memory that QuickTest Pro is holding onto. To do this you can use QTP's Automation Object Model. HP's knowledge base has a pretty cool code example on how to use AOM, as well as environment variables to help determine when to restart QTP after number of iterations:
(Source: The rest of this post is taken directly from HP's KB Site) The following set of instructions is a proposal with a on to generic approach to handle scenarios where QTP needs to be restarted:
1. Create a.vbs file (using AOM statements) that can be called from within QuickTest Professional. The.vbs file should check:
If QuickTest Professional is running, modify a couple environment variables (these will control the iterations) and shut down QuickTest Professional.
If QuickTest Professional is not running, launch it. Set some run-time settings, and start the script execution.
Example contents of the.vbs file:
' Wait 2 seconds to allow QuickTest Professional to complete replay overhead. wscript.sleep 2000 'Create a QuickTest Professional AOM object Set qtApp = CreateObject("QuickTest.Application")'Check to see if QuickTest Professional is open (not necessarily running a script) if qtApp.GetStatus <> "Not launched" then set qtTest = qtApp.Test'Get access to the test'Get the current value of the "it_start" environment variable. This is the iteration start index. itstart = qtTest.Environment.Value("it_start")'Get the current value of the "it_stop" environment variable. This is the iteration stop index. itstop = qtTest.Environment.Value("it_stop")'Set the new values of the it_start and it_stop variables qtTest.Environment.Value("it_start") = CInt(itstop) + 1 drows = qtTest.DataTable.GetRowCount if drows > CInt(itstop) + 4 then stp = CInt(itstop) + 4 else stp = drows end if qtTest.Environment.Value("it_stop") = stp'Close QuickTest Professional qtApp.Quit end if'Wait 2 seconds to allow QuickTest Professional processes to end wscript.sleep 2000'Launch QuickTest Professional and make it visible qtApp.Launch qtApp.Visible = True'Open the test script. Update to have full path to your test script qtApp.Open'Get the current value of the "it_start" environment variable itstart = qtApp.Test.Environment.Value("it_start")'Get the current value of the "it_stop" environment variable itstop = qtApp.Test.Environment.Value("it_stop")'Set the Test Iterations for the script qtApp.Test.Settings.Run.IterationMode = "rngIterations" qtApp.Test.Settings.Run.StartIteration = itstart qtApp.Test.Settings.Run.EndIteration = itstop'Run the test qtApp.Test.Run'Release the QuickTest Professional object Set qtApp = Nothing
Note: Update the.vbs file to specify the full path to the test you wish to restart.
2. Open your test script, and go to Test -> Settings.
3. In the Environment tab, select "User-defined" in the Variable type field.
4. Enter two new variables, it_start and it_stop. (You can use other names, if you wish, but you will need to change the vbs file also.)
5. Set the it_start value to 1. Set the it_stop value to the number of iterations you want to complete before restarting QuickTest Professional (for example, 1000).
6. At the end of the script (or in the last action), add code that will call the.vbs file when appropriate.
If Environment("TestIteration") = 1000 Then'1000 iterations complete. Restart QuickTest Professional SystemUtil.Run "closeQTP.vbs" End If
In the above example code, the Test Iteration Environment variable is retrieved and checked to see if it has reached the limit set in step 5 (1000 iterations in the example). If the iteration limit has been reached, the.vbs file is launched. The start and stop iterations will be captured and stored and QuickTest Professional is restarted (if needed).
Make sure you update the.vbs file reflect the iteration limit you set in your script.
You should be able to start your script now and it will shut down and restart QuickTest Professional after x iterations.
Each time QuickTest Professional re-launches and starts to replay the script, a new test results folder will be created. Using AOM you can have some control over the test results folders, but you should not use the same folder for each launch of the script if you need to save the test results (QuickTest Professional will overwrite the previous results, not append to them).
Some QuickTest Professional test environments, such as Web, require the application to be started after QuickTest Professional. Keep this in mind and structure your test as needed to allow you to restart the application if required.
You should use the VBS file to launch the test script.


text:
book of this name inspired evolutionary biologists
s of biology
to nick-name the stories describing a reasonable evolutionary path to a certain existing phenomenon in nature Just so stories
The existence of the eye, for example, could be explained with a series of steps beginning with slightly photosensitive cells, through the creation of a small depletion under them that grows bigger and deeper, finally almost blocking them in, etc., with each stage having its evolutionary use.
The term "just so stories" is not considered too offensive, and is just a good natured, slightly self-mocking kind of expression.


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Monday, 01-10-2018 | 08:09:23
The main purpose is characterization of Vietnamese wild rice to apply them as valuable genetic resources to improve cultivars. In the past, one of wild rice accessions has been used to breed superior variety AS996 which are cultivated in Vietnam and getting more cultivating areas. This thesis is composed from two parts, 1) Evaluation genetic resources in the Mekong delta, 2) Characterization of superior variety AS996 bred with a particular wild rice in Vietnam. 1
Thursday, 11-01-2018 | 11:22:26
Phaeoacremonium parasiticum has been found to be associated with oleoresin deposition in Aquialaria malaccensis (Agar plant). Mass culture of P. parasiticum needs to be done for its economic and large scale production of Agarwood oil. P. parasiticum cultured on PDA petriplate at 30±1oC, showed very slow growth rate.
Monday, 25-09-2017 | 13:10:20
Nanomaterials are materials at nanoscale as between 0.1 and 100 nanometer(1nm = 10-9 m), which have large surface area, orientation, and physical properties, appropriate to be used in medicinal sciences, physics and chemistry. The use of gold nanoparticles in biological studies was first introduced by Faulk and Taylor (1971).
Monday, 15-08-2016 | 07:37:21
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in the world and feeds over half of the global population. However, rice production has been decreased due to climate change, especially salinity. Understanding the genetic bases of the diverse morphological and physiological traits associated with rice adaptation to salt affected environments provides the basis for improving yield, quality, and sustainability of rice productivity in saline areas.
Tuesday, 22-03-2016 | 13:36:34
Salt stress is one of the most brutal abiotic stresses that limit profitable rice production worldwide. Salinity causes complex interactions among different morphological, physiological and biochemical processes. Salinity may cause oxidative stress due to highly producing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to alteration plant metabolism. As a result, DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and membranes are damaged.
Monday, 07-09-2015 | 14:12:30
Phytohormones play critical roles in plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential phytohormones required for optimum physiological processes of plant and their deficiency causes distinctive dwarf phenotypes with markedly shorter siliques in Arabidospsis. Homeostasis of BRs in plants is maintained by DWF4 enzyme that mediates multiple 22α-hydroxylation steps in brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Wednesday, 29-07-2015 | 10:48:26
Victoria holds a large proportion of the world's lignite resource, being generally easy to access at low cost. Interest in the use of lignite as an organic amendment is increasing because it is a rich source of humic acids and can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. To date, there is no information about the effect of this amendment on soil biological properties
Monday, 04-05-2015 | 15:04:31
Improving photosynthetic efficiency through increasing the efficacy of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and optimizing the source-sink strength is an important aspect to raise the crop yield potential. The overexpression of mesophyll envelope protein 1 (MEP1) which is one of the key transportersinvolved in the C4 photosynthetic pathway will help in engineeringthe C4 photosynthetic pathway into C3 rice to increase the enzyme activities and overcome the minor fluxes
Tuesday, 09-09-2014 | 08:18:52
Cassava bagasse is a fibrous residue obtained from the tapioca starch factories, which contains high starch and cellulose. In addition, it comprises some valuable components like proteins, pectin, lignin, fat, ash, and minerals.
Tuesday, 25-03-2014 | 08:44:05
RNA silencing has been regarded as a natural self-defense mechanism to protect plants from their pathogen invasion. Thus, there has been a variety of gene silencing strategies developed and exploited the natural pathway to generate virus-resistant plants. The newly developed artificial microRNA technology is generally recognized as an effective method of down-regulating target genes.
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Gardening Tips: How To Install an Underground Sprinkler System
An underground sprinkler system can be a real time saver for homeowners who wish to maintain a beautiful lawn. Designing and installing the system is more complicated than dragging out the old garden hose and sprinkler, but the benefits of such systems last a long time afterward.
Pieces Parts
An underground system can be either manually or automatically activated. With a manual system, you turn on the sprinklers by opening a water valve by hand each time you want to water. Automatic systems use a timer. Both systems are installed basically the same way. The valve is usually located directly outside the house, and can be connected to an existing outdoor faucet.
Eighty percent of all systems are installed using PVC. Polyethylene plastic pipes are also used because plastic is easier to work with than metal, less expensive, and less likely to crack during a winter freeze. PVC is a rigid plastic and is the stronger of the two. It should always be used at the main water supply to the sprinkler system. Polyethylene is flexible, and can be curved around trees, shrubs and other obstacles, using fewer fittings than PVC. They're held in place with metal clamps. Both types of pipe are cut with a hand saw or cutter.
How To Install an Underground Sprinkler System 300x300 Gardening Tips: How To Install an Underground Sprinkler System
How To Install an Underground Sprinkler System
Some Planning Tips
 - Before you begin, design your sprinkler system plan on paper. Drawing a diagram of your yard is crucial to success. This will provide a basic "grid" on which to locate trees, outbuildings and other obstacles. A survey plot plan of your property is helpful for this. It is much easier to explore alternatives on paper before you begin digging.
 - Check local building and water authority codes. Consult your county extension agent for the recommended frequency of watering in your neighborhood.
 - Check water pressure in your home.
 - Consult the dealer about the type of system to fit your needs.
 - Lowe's offers a free (about $150 elsewhere) computer-design service plus an in-store planning guide. Just diagram your layout. Bring it to a Lowe's store near you and we will design your system for you in about 7-10 days.
Installing Your Sprinkler System
 1. Lay out the sprinkler system above ground. Before digging, find out if any underground pipes or wires are in your path. Most cities and suburban communities have a service that keeps track of underground pipes and wires; some localities require you to call your power company for this information.
 2. Check the watering coverage of the system and make necessary adjustments. The sprinkler heads should be positioned so the outer edges of the spray area, which receive the least amount of water, overlap wherever possible. This ensures a even watering.
 3. Place stakes and strings at the locations of the heads and pipes, respectively. PVC pipes are connected with special solvent cement which stays wet for several minutes once applied, but bonds in seconds once the pieces are put together. When gluing PVC, first wipe the pipe and fitting with PVC pipe cleaner, then swab the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe with cement. Insert the pipe into the fitting and give it a quarter turn to distribute the solvent evenly.
 4. Remove sod and dirt along the marked locations, and dig holes and trenches for the sprinkler heads and pipes. Using a trencher (you can rent one) is an alternative to manually digging a trench for the system pipe. A trencher speeds up the job considerably, particularly if you keep the ground well watered for a week before digging.
 5. Install pipes and sprinkler heads.
 6. Replace dirt and sod.
A Final Note
Sprinkler heads are installed just below ground level. The best ones are adjustable. A dampness meter, combined with a digital controller, shuts the water off when the soil has reached a preset moistness. When the ground dries out, the meter sends a signal to the controller. The system keeps the lawn well watered whether you are home or not.
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arranged marriages 2
Modern British Indians are adapting traditional arranged marriages
Published on: 27 April 2021
Many British Indians are moving away from traditional arranged marriages and creating their own practices to suit individual circumstances, ambitions and identity.
Adapting cultural norms
In a new book, 'Learning to Love: Arranged Marriages and the British Indian Diaspora', Dr Raksha Pande, Senior Lecturer in Newcastle University's School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, discusses how instead of being wedded to traditions, many British Indians have adapted many of the cultural norms surrounding arranged marriage.
The book moves beyond stereotypes that often confuse arranged marriages with forced marriages. Using real life stories of marriages among British Indians, it shows the diversity of arrangements and the ways in which arranged marriages have changed between generations.
"You could say that there is no such thing as a traditional arranged marriage among today's British Indians," says Dr Pande. "Far from being a homogeneous tradition, modern arranged marriages involve a variety of different matchmaking practices where each family tailors its own version to suit modern identities and aspirations."
Dr Raksha Pande
A spectrum of practices
The range of practices that now exist can be thought of as a spectrum, Dr Pande argues, with the most Westernised style of courtship and marriage - including interethnic marriages and those where parents may only be involved in arranging the wedding - at one extreme, and – increasingly rarely - forced marriages at the other.
However, the research highlighted two styles of arranged marriage that lie between these two extremes and that appear to be more common in practice.
The first of these can be understood as 'semi-arranged', where parents who wish to help their child find a potential partner will introduce them to several candidates that they think may be a suitable match. The relationship then follows an established Westernised pattern of the couple going on dates to get to know each other better and if they fall in love, then getting married.
The other is what she calls 'love-cum-arranged marriage' where the person wanting to get married finds someone themselves that they like and will go on dates with them to get to know them before asking their parents to approach the parents of that person in order to arrange a formal introduction. This is then followed by family approved courtship, then marriage.
Through discussions with different generations of British Indians, Dr Pande found that attitudes towards arranged marriages began to noticeably shift for the British-born generations. "Among the first generation of British Indians, transnational arranged marriages were the norm - where they would go back to India to find a partner and there was still an expectation that their children would follow this traditional style of arranged marriage," she says. "But there was a marked shift in the attitude of the British-born second generation, this group began to want something different for their own children. And we are moving towards a situation where now, some British Indian parents are actually surprised when their child asks them to introduce them to someone, so a lot has changed in three generations."
Parental involvement
Parental involvement in the arrangements and approval of the prospective spouse remains important for the majority of British Indian families along with the desire to incorporate romantic love and its associated rituals within arranged marriages.
In both semi-arranged and love-cum-arranged marriages, Dr Pande's research highlighted that the person getting married is actively involved in the arranged marriage decisions. The fact that both these forms still involve marriage within the same religion and class is what makes them arranged marriages.
Dr Pande explains: "The emphasis in arranged marriages has always been on 'learning to love' – where previously in traditional arranged marriages, the focus was on learning to love the partner you had chosen, or had been chosen for you, after a brief introduction.
"Nowadays, for the British-born generations, love as learning involves, first, discovering the boundaries of expectations and preferences of their family and parents - which mostly favour commonality of ethnicity and class - in relation to their future marriage partner, and second, and more significantly, putting that learning into practice by self-censure and falling in love with someone their parents would approve of."
Introductions to potential spouses have traditionally taken place through the parents' or wider family's own networks, but in recent years this has shifted online and a whole industry has sprung up to facilitate this, with websites specifically catering for those who wish to find someone to marry. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram are also becoming popular venues to meet a future partner. These are often viewed either by young people themselves, or their parents - or often, both.
Dr Pande added: "The key thing that came out of my conversations with British Indians about arranged marriages was that they felt it was really important to balance the varying needs of the young person getting married and the parents. They are keen to continue some of the conventions around arranged marriages, as they recognise it is part of their Indian culture, but in this hybrid form where they adapt different elements to suit them. Technology and the growth of social media is helping them make these changes even faster."
'Learning to Love: Arranged Marriages and the British Indian Diaspora' by Dr Raksha Pande. Rutgers University Press, $27.95, 978-0-8135-9963-2
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text:
; i.e., t6 also results in 6 invariant pcs).
As another example, consider set 6-7*, 012678, with iv=420243. The iv tells us that there will be 4 pcs invariant when t=1 (or t11), 2pcs invariant when t=2 (or t10), no pcs invariant when t=3 (or t9), 2 pcs invariant when t=4 (or t8), 4 pcs invariant when t=5 (or t7), and 6 pcs invariant when t=6.
Inversion can and often does lead to pc invariance. But, this operation needs to be considered in combination with transposition, i.e., TnI, representing a transposition n of the inversion. The easiest way to determine this type of pc invariance is to form an addition table with the set represented horizontally and vertically. Let us take 2478 as an example.
Notice that the set is placed at the top, horizontally, and down the left side, vertically. The numbers within the table are the sums at the intersections of the pins. By tallying these numbers we can ascertain the invariant pcs under TnI. For example, the two 9s reveal that there are 2 common pcs at T9I. Further, the table tells us which pcs are invariant under this T, namely those that create the intersection: 2 and 7. The two 4s indicate 2 common pcs at T4I, and they are 2 and 8, etc.


text:
Wearables That Work:
Getting It Right The FIrst Time
Overcome reliability issues with tailored design and testing
Wearable electronics are extremely popular, but their marginal performance is causing consumers to question device functionality and reliability.
Wearables That Work: Getting it Right the First Time discusses the design obstacles presented by the unique wearable use environment, and how to overcome them with:
- Material and component selection
- Protection options
- Tailored test plan development and implementation