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|Online ISSN : 2349-8080
Issues : 12 per year
Publisher : Excellent Publishers
Email : _EMAIL_
In this article, the results of agricultural and bioecological analysis of Ranunculus genus species are described. Our researches were conducted on different ecological conditions on plants having different areas. We proposed the taxonomy of Ranunculus in Azerbaijan on the basis of division by Ranunkier who firstly proposed life forms of plants in 1884. According to this division, 6 species R. cornutus, R. muricatus, R. ophioglossofolius, R. scleratus, R. arvensis, R. chius are terophytes, the rest are hemicripthophytes.12.5% of researched species are found in steppes, 41.67% in lower and middle mountainous layers, 8.33% in middle and high layers, 25% in subalpine and alpine, 12.5% in high layers. The agricultural applications of Ranunculus species related with their medical importance, feed plant and application as decorative plants.


text: My daughter is in a H.S. Freshman level art class, It seems that the teacher is teaching incorrect vocabulary. She came home talking about something that "is an art element.." that is simply a design requirement for the project. What do you do when your kids teachers don't use proper vocabulary with the kids and get them all confused or do other things that just aren't right? Do you just correct tthe teacher at home, give the kid the proper info. and advise on how to complete the project and get a good grade; or do you talk with the teacher? I just hate to get their hackles up, especially if I know more about the elements and principals of Art.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Crockham Hill comes from the Old English 'crundel' meaning a 'chalk-pit, quarry'
with 'ham' as a 'village, homestead' and 'hyll' for 'hill'; therefore, the 'quarry
village on the hill'.
Crockham Hill parish church is a Grade: II listed building, dedicated to the Holy
Trinity. Charles Warde of Squerryes Court, Westerham and his sister Mrs E Mildmay
funded the construction of the church in 1842. Although the designer is unknown,
the plan follows medieval architecture. Crockham Hill became a separate parish in

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Five Practice Mistakes Pool Players Make
If you want to become the best pool player possible, it goes without saying that you need to practice effectively so that you increase your "offensive and defensive skills" which will lead to more consistency and better match play. Unfortunately, very few pool players do this successfully, which means they remain stuck at their current skill level while wasting time in the process. In fact, national league statistics show very few players have improved significantly over the past 10 years.
This is difficult to comprehend when you think about how much playing equipment and instructional material has evolved over the years. The reason, I believe, is because pool players go about improving their game inefficiently, repeatedly making these 5 Practice mistakes over and over again:
Practice Mistake 1: Thinking that constant repetition leads to big performance increases
The first practice mistake is thinking that practicing the same shot over again will "fix" your game. Research shows that repetition is not as effective as variability. Banging balls doesn't challenge the brain enough to cause it to do anything differently and has limited effect in changing motor patterns. It's not about training the muscles (muscles have no "memory"), rather it's challenging and training the brain, which creates the changes in movement. Research suggests that shooting 20 balls in 20 minutes (a different shot with each ball) makes practice more "deliberate" and allows the pool player more time to plan and review each shot.
Practice Mistake 2: Lots of well struck balls during practice is a sign of improvement
Although a player may start hitting the balls better with repetition, it doesn't necessarily mean that they are improving or making permanent stroke changes. What's most likely happening is the execution of their shots is benefiting from repetition – they get a sense of the timing required when the tip makes impact with the cue ball and they also make slight subconscious adjustments (based on sensory feedback). They are using their short-term memory, which they don't have the benefit of during an actual match. But because they are getting the outcome they want to see, they keep going with it over and over again, thinking that repeating the action will make it stick. Unfortunately, very little change in skill is occurring. This is the very reason that I get asked the question: "Why can't I take my practice game to the pool tournament?" Hitting shots well during practice is fairly easy for any level of player with enough repetition, but when that pool player has to hit varied shots every few minutes, their real skills are exposed and the stroke they had during practice is nowhere to be found.
Practice Mistake 3: Practice should be fun
There's an appeal to the ego when you run several balls during practice, which can explain why you might want to continue doing it. If enjoying your time spent is your goal, then that's great, but if developing your skills and playing better is the goal then you might need to rethink your approach. Practice needs to be harder than the game to make positive changes in your play. Don't just bang balls around. Be structured and monitor your progress. Setting both short and long term goals is essential.
Practice Mistake 4: Mechanics are the same as performance skills
The average pool player practices to improve their mechanics. I've worked with enough players over the past 10 years to know this is true, even at the highest levels. Even though the focus needed to make real change in the stroke diminishes with each repetition, the player is usually focusing on their stance or a feeling during each repetition. Without knowing it, the pool player is training their attention in a way that is not how they would want to focus during a match. On the pool table, it's not about making stroke after stroke, focusing on technique – it's about solving a unique problem each shot and letting the player's intention for the shot create the stroke. Unless we train ourselves (in practice) to prepare for each new challenge, we are not developing the performance skills needed to play better during a match.
Practice Mistake 5: Practice and playing are two different things
Most pool players see their practice time as something unrelated to match play. There's no overlap, or similarity of conditions, between the two environments. To make real change in skills (both mechanical and mental) requires simulation and training of the external and internal variability that we feel during a match, due to having different shots and consequences for each shot's outcome. If you are making any of these 5 Practice Mistakes and you'd like to learn how to practice more effectively, I would love to work with you enroll in my online class at Virtual Billiard Academy. Or feel free contact your local billiards instructor for additional guidance. Always remember, "practice" doesn't make perfect…"perfect practice" does!


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How do I restore the colors in faded photos?
Do the following:
Restoring Photo Colors as You ScanYou can restore the colors in faded photos as you scan them using Epson Scan's Color Restoration setting. You can select this setting in any of the available scan modes.
Note: Color restoration is not available in Office Mode, if Epson Scan offers that mode.
- Place your original on your product for scanning.
- Start Epson Scan.
- Select the scan mode you want to use.
- Select the scan settings for your scan.
- Preview your image.
- Locate or access the image adjustment settings.
- Select the Color Restoration checkbox.
- When you finish selecting all your settings, click Scan.
- Click Close to exit the Epson Scan window, if necessary.
Epson Scan scans your original, and saves the color-restored file in the selected folder or opens it in your scanning program. If the file was saved directly to your computer, you see the file in the Windows Explorer or Mac OS X Finder, where you can view and print the image, if desired.Related information
Placing Originals on the Product
Selecting Epson Scan Settings


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Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor, Mark Fahey, who shares the following piece from Politico:
The Lo-Fi Voices That Speak for America
For decades, AM radio has felt as commonplace as a utility, such a basic fact of life that it's taken for granted. But that's changing: Across America, AM radio stations are dwindling in number and profitability, as better-sounding FM signals become cheaper to broadcast and would-be listeners turn to the internet for entertainment.
Yet even in decline, it has a strength that politicians and media insiders who want to understand America would do well to heed. In 2019, thousands of AM stations remain on the air, many of them thriving—in part because they serve unique sets of people whose voices aren't always heard loudly. For generations, it was considerably cheaper to buy or start an AM station than any other form of mass media, making ownership more accessible to people of color, immigrants, non-English speakers and those with political views outside the mainstream. Without the line-of-sight restrictions of FM radio, AM radio can also cover vast geographic areas, and so remains a staple of rural media. Even now, if you tune into the right frequency on a clear summer night, you can hear a broadcast from half a continent away—listening in on the kinds of conversations that shape identity and politics far outside the Beltway.[…]


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Advocacy Activities: Public health advocates help influence the way the public and policymakers think and act on public health issues.
Take Action! Send a message to your members of Congress on a variety of current public health issues. Your voice will make a difference in the policymaking process. Get involved and help shape the national debate on public health issues!
Learn about current public health legislation and APHA's position on various issues.
Meeting with and contacting your members of Congress:
Meeting with your members of Congress, either in Washington, DC or in your state, is an effective way to share your support for public health programs. APHA has prepared sample email meeting requests, materials to bring to your meeting, Frequently Asked Questions, and more!
PHACT Campaign: APHA's summer campaign to mobilize its members, affiliates, and other advocates to educate their members of Congress on important public health issues that build healthy communities.
Coalitions: APHA coordinates two coalitions that advocate for fully funding public health programs and services at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
More about Advocacy Activities


Metasequoia glyptostroboides
The topic Metasequoia glyptostroboides is discussed in the following articles:
dawn redwood
 - TITLE: dawn redwood (plant)
 genus of conifers represented by a single living species, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, from central China. Fossil representatives, such as M. occidentalis, dated to about 90 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous Period, are known throughout the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Climatic cooling and drying that began about 65.5 million years ago...


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HISTORICAL BASE MAPS
ANNOTATIONS FOR HISTORICAL BASE MAP 3
This map represents the Samuel and Elizabeth Pipher farm prior to their selling the property to the New York and Delaware River Slate Company. Extensive research in local and county records and documents, and secondary sources has not provided adequate data to make a definitive determination about the number, exact locations (in most instances), or precise dimensions or appearances of several structures and other cultural resources at the Pipher farm during that family's three generations of ownership from 1790 to 1868. The location of the main house, springhouse and cabin are known as they are extant. The barn foundations are extant, but the appearance of the barn is not known. A granary was mentioned in the 1868 deed of sale, but its exact location is not known. An historic privy is assumed to be located somewhere near the main house, but its exact location is not known. An orchard was located on the farm, but its exact location and total acreage is not known. Extant ruins of a lime kiln mark that structure's precise location. The exact configuration of the historic fields is not known, but the historic stone rows delineate partial farm boundaries and fields. The entrance road to the central farm core is believed to be historic, but its precise configuration is not known.
ANNOTATIONS FOR HISTORICAL BASE MAP 4
A. Cabin built c. _PHONE_ by Samuel Pipher. This structure was renovated in 1873, altered by Charles M. Munsch and stabilized by the National Park Service in 1979. Much of the work performed in 1979 reversed Munsch's alterations. The work included: roof repairs, repointing of stone chimney and foundation walls, rebuilding of brick chimney, removal of imitation log siding, repair of entrance hood, replacement of sills, studs, doors and windows, removal of concrete bathroom and entrance slabs, and drainage grading.
B. Springhouse This stone structure was built in 1827 by Peter Pipher. The springhouse underwent structural change when concrete was poured on the floors and milk can troughs, and the upper roof structure was replaced.
C. Main House The main farmhouse was built in 1833 by Peter Pipher. A slate roof, direct access to the northwest bedroom, and an outside door to the northwest first floor room were added in 1873. Buff-colored cement stucco was added by Charles M. Munsch. Portions of the front and side porch were screened in 1969.
D. Old Barn Site Reference to the barn was made in 1868 when Samuel and Elizabeth Pipher sold the farm to the New York and Delaware River Slate Company. Reference was also made to a granary being somewhere on the property. A concrete roof was placed over the remnant stone walls by Charles M. Munsch, who then used the structure as a garage. He used salvaged iron rails, possibly from a nearby quarry, to support the concrete roof.
E. Quarry The New York and Delaware River Slate Company opened and operated this quarry near the core farmstead from _PHONE_. Subsequent farm owner John A. Morison paid taxes on the quarry until 1879. A much smaller quarry/pond is also on the property. It is shallowly flooded over a sediment fill, and was dammed for domestic water supply. This excavation's history is not known.
F. Woodshed This structure was built in the late nineteenth century, possibly by John A. Morison.
G. Slate Shanty Omega G. East, chief of interpretation at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, purchased the shanty in Bangor, Pennsylvania and placed it on the property in the early 1970s.
H. Ice House Only the foundations exist for this wood frame structure, built by Charles M. Munsch sometime after 1924. The ice house had a gable roof and the walls were covered with horizontal slabbing with vertical slabs in each corner and in the gable ends.
I. Outhouse This structure was brought onto the property by Omega East sometime in the 1970s. The location of the historic outhouse is not known, but in 1970 Mary Pitenger remembered an outhouse being located between the woodhouse and springhouse.
J. Lime Kiln Remnants of a stone lime kiln are located in the woods behind the main house. It is probable that the kiln dates to the Pipher family occupancy, and may have been used as late as the Munsch ownership.
K. Stone Rows Extensive stone pile rows mark partial boundaries of the Peter Pipher farm, and probably date to that period. The rows also delineate boundaries of fields.
L. Fields The exact location of all the fields utilized by the Piphers and subsequent Slateford Farm owners is not known, but the stone rows do mark several boundaries. Photographs taken during the Munsch occupancy of the farm reveal that many of these fields located between the main farm house and the Cyr farmstead were open and farmed.
M. Cyr Farmstead Charles M. Munsch built the farmhouse, which became the home of the Louis and Lottie Cyr family who tenant-farmed Slateford Farm. The farmstead includes the main house, storage shed, chicken coops, small frame storage building, corn cribs, barn and garage. The Cyr house has no architectural significance.
N. Kiefaber House This house was built c. 1925 by Fred W. Kiefaber. There are no outbuildings and the house has no architectural or historical significance.
Other features extant or no longer extant on the Slateford Farm site:
1. Entrance Road to the farm core area This gravel road, approaching the main farm house from the southeast, may be the historic entrance to the farm. The Piphers may have used it to reach a wagon road located next to the Delaware River. In summer 1985 NPS archeologists found probable nineteenth century terracing and a road bed with an intact stone culvert, located downhill of the barn foundations.
2. Double Mining Cart and Rails This iron and wood cart was brought onto the property by National Park Service staff, as were the iron rails. The cart is rapidly deteriorating, being openly exposed to the weather. The rails are strewn along a path to the north of the slate shanty.
3. Garden In 1970 Mary Pittenger mentioned a garden being located in the yard to the southwest of the main house, between the house and the barn.
4. Corral This structure, located in front of the main house and extending to the garage, was built by the Youth Conservation Corps in _PHONE_.
5. National Park Service Road This road was built in 1970.
6. Tower Foundations Four footings of concrete are all that remain of this structure, which perhaps was a radio tower.
7. Woodhouse The location of this woodhouse, mentioned by Mary Pittenger in 1970 and presumed a different structure from the extant woodshed, is not known. Pittenger stated there used to be a woodshed and wood pile to the right, or northeast, of the main house.
8. Chicken House The existence of a chicken house was mentioned by Mary Pittenger in 1970. It stood between the woodhouse and the spring house.
9. Barn Outhouse This outhouse was mentioned in Mary Pittenger's 1970 interview. Its exact location is not known.
10. Slate Walks These walks were mentioned in Mary Pittenger's 1970 interview. She remembered a slate walk leading from the main house yard to the barn. Other walks led to the spring house, cabin and woodhouse. Remnants of a slate walk are located behind the main house.
11. Tennis Courts Charles M. Munsch built tennis courts behind the main house. Their exact location is not known and no visible remnants exist.
12. Main House Yard Fence This fence was mentioned by Mary Pittenger in an 1970 interview. No remnants are visible.
l3. Swimming Pool In summer 1985 NPS archeologists discovered a stone foundation east of the barn foundations which may be a remnant of a reputed Charles M. Munsch swimming pool.
14 Apple Orchard An apple orchard was mentioned in Samuel Pipher's 1812 will, but its location is not known. Mary Pittenger remembered an apple orchard being located by the garden towards the mountain.
15. Slate and Stone Benches Two benches are located underneath the tree next to the main house. Their origin is not known.
Last Updated: 31-Dec-2009


Queen's Counsel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Queen's Counsel (postnominal QC), during the reign of a male sovereign known as King's Counsel (KC), are senior lawyers in various Commonwealth countries.
They are appointed by letters patent to be one of "Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the law". They are not a separate type of lawyer. They are more than long serving lawyers, because their status is given by the Crown and recognised by the courts.
Queen's Counsel have the privilege of sitting within the Bar of court, and wear silk gowns of a special design (hence the informal title Silks). The special robes are the reason why becoming a QC is often called "taking silk".
In order to "take silk" a lawyer usually has to serve as a barrister or a Scottish advocate for at least 10 years. Recently solicitors have also been appointed Queen's Counsel.
A QC's status means they generally charge higher fees than ordinary barristers, and always have another barrister as an assistant. This assistant is called a "junior" even if the junior has been a lawyer longer than the "silk".


Developer Docs
The Jupyter widgets packages are developed in the git repository. See the issue tracker, README, and other Github documents for the most recent information.
Scope of ipywidgets
ipywidgets is a framework to provide eventful python objects that have a representation in the browser (see examples/Widget Basics.ipynb for more on the definition of widgets). This requires two components:
 1. The framework for widget interactions between the widgets represented in the Python kernel and the (javascript) representation of the widgets in the browser.
 2. A basic, lightweight set of form controls that use this framework, based on standard HTML form controls. These included controls include a text area, text box, select and multiselect controls, checkbox, etc. A few more advanced controls that are very popular are also included, such as a slider and basic tab panels.
The framework for building rich interactive objects is the foremost purpose of the ipywidgets project, and the set of included reference form controls is purposefully kept small and self-contained to serve as something like a reference implementation. We encourage and support a robust ecosystem of packages built on top of the ipywidgets framework to provide more complicated interactive objects, such as maps or 2d and 3d visualizations, or other form control systems built on a variety of popular Javascript frameworks such as Material or Vue.


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1+1+1 – A Simple Way to Read the Bible (Download Powerpoint)
Can you think of some famous numbers?
999 – the phone number you ring in an emergency.
118 118 – the phone number you ring to get information.
1966 – the year that England won the World Cup.
43252003274489856000 – the number of possible positions on a Rubik's cube.
I want to introduce you to another number that should be famous. This number describes a simple and easy way to read the Bible.
The number is 111 or 1+1+1.
Here's how it works:
1 – Book of the Bible a month.
1- Chapter to read a day – doing this will mean for some books of the Bible, you'll get to know them really well as you'll read through them more than once in a month.
1 – Verse to think about – the final step is from the chapter you've read take one verse and spend the rest of the day thinking about it and praying it for yourself, your family, church and non-Christians. Alternatively you could take from the chapter one 'thought to make your heart sing'.
1 book a month, 1 chapter a day, 1 verse to think about. 1+1+1 – a simple way to read the Bible.
[This simple way of reading the Bible also works well with The Big Read that we're doing at Banstead Community Church].


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| Digital Image Index | Digital Library Home |
Gail Ruhl, Plant Disease Diagnostician
Each year we receive phone calls and samples inquiring about cupping and curling of tulip poplar leaves on well-established trees. Similar symptoms are absent on neighboring trees and shrubs. This foliar symptom is most often attributed to root stress brought on by a variety of noninfectious, environmental and site related factors. Damage to tree roots from moisture and temperature extremes, construction, grade changes, underground pipe work, compaction (as when a tree is near a driveway), establishment of flower beds in the root zone, or poor soil conditions all contribute to cupping of foliage. Damage to cambial tissue from temperature extremes, as well as stress brought on by hot, dry winds may also contribute to leaf cupping and curling. It may be possible to diagnose the causal factor(s) through the process of elimination and begin corrective treatment. Make sure the tree receives at least one inch of water per week, and fertilize according to the instructions given in the bulletin HO-140, Fertilizing Woody Plants (PDF 60K).
Be aware that although no other plants in the vicinity of the tulip poplar trees may be observed to exhibit similar foliar symptoms it is important not to automatically rule out growth regulator-type herbicides. If the neighboring vegetation consists of plants that are less sensitive to growth regulator-type herbicides than tulip poplar, leaves on those other plants may not exhibit the cupping symptoms. Another possible causal factor of leaf cupping might be aphid feeding. Upon close inspection of the underside of symptomatic leaves, if cupping is due to aphid feeding, the aphids or cast skins should be visible.
Plant and Pest Digital Library and Digitally Assisted Diagnosis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.


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BROOKSVILLE — Until recently, children in the Detti community in western Tanzania, Africa, had to haul water from a hole and lug it back to their homes each day before school.
"In their culture, it is the kids' job to go get water for their families," said Brooksville Elementary School global studies teacher Kathy Gates.
But things are easier for them now, thanks to Brooksville Elementary's staff and students and the nonprofit organization Global Water, an international organization that helps people in developing countries improve water safety.
Each May, the school has a fundraiser — a global festival — and students are expected to earn quarters to spend for games, food and crafts. The proceeds go to a humanitarian project.
One year, the children and staff raised $1,000 for Heifer International. Another time, the money went to Partners in Health to aid people in Haiti. This year, the school sent $800 to Global Water to help with the cost of drilling the well in Detti, Tanzania.
The Detti community has about a 1,000 families. The children attend primary school and advance to secondary school if they have met the academic requirements, if they have the funding and if they don't have family responsibilities that prevent them from continuing.
There is no electricity or running water. The new well is close to the secondary school, Gates said, and the effort is called the Nyathorogo School Water Project.
The Brooksville children have learned about all of this and see the need.
"Over in Tanzania, a lot of people don't have clean water," said fifth-grader Frederick Clayton, 11. "They have to go to a watering hole, and it's just like so dirty, but with the well we installed over there they can get fresh, clean water."
The children have also learned about the country. It is home to Mount Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti plains and Gombe National Park, where Jane Goodall did chimpanzee research.
The country became personal to them when they were helping schoolchildren with whom they could relate.
"We chose Tanzania because they're in Africa, and some of the places in Africa get muddy because of the rain," said fifth-grader Ky Williams, 10, "and when they go to get the water, it's not good for them to drink."
Fifth-grader Brianna Taylor, 11, agreed.
"It was a good idea, because there were a lot of diseases in Tanzania, and when it's really hot outside you want clean water so you don't get sick," she said.
Fifth-grader Hunter Wilson, 11, explained: "Clean water's important because without it you get sick from bacteria and couldn't live."


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This village underwent the sort of trauma that could so easily have shattered its identity. In the early years of the 19th century it abandoned its roots and moved to a new site approximately one mile away, leaving only its church in the middle of a private park. The ancient settlement of 'Boc Stede' (Place of Beeches) was grouped around the Church of St Margaret the Queen, with a parsonage, an inn, a shop, a forge, stocks and a whipping post serving the cottages. Lord Liverpool became the owner of Buxted Place and wished to remove the village from its ancestral site so he could make his park larger and more exclusive. He offered to build new houses for the inhabitants anywhere in the parish if they would move but not unnaturally, they turned him down.
Lord Liverpool then refused to carry out any repairs to the properties and they gradually fell into decay. The occupants were forced to leave, the houses were demolished and by 1836 there was nothing left to be seen of the old village. Only an old print in the church serves as a reminder of how things used to be.
Buxted Place itself has had a colourful career, surviving a disastrous fire in 1940 to later become a health farm and later still thehome of an Arab Sheik. The park is famous for its herd of deer and the large artificial lake which is home for many exotic birds. The new settlement grew up with the railway line to become a thriving place, popular with commuters and with more than 20 clubs and organisations to keep the locals amused. A legacy of the old days lives on in Upper Totease, the clergyman's house which was rebuilt on its present site after the migration from the Park, with a mounting block still at its gates.
Of the scores of East Sussex villages that made a living out of the iron industry, Buxted demands a special claim on our attention for it was here that Ralf Hogge (or Huggett) perfected gun production in 1543 and became weapon maker by royal appointment: 'Master Huggett and his man John, They did cast the first cannon.' The Hogge House, complete with a pig emblem and the date 1581, stands at the entrance of Buxted Park.
The village was also a centre of the silk-weaving industry, introduced and taught by refugee Flemish weavers, and for the growing of hops. They were still being produced at Howbourne Farm in the 1940s in fields that have now been swallowed up by the Manor Park Estate, part of the town of Uckfield but lying within Buxted parish. The oast houses survive as homes and the hops themselves grow wild in the hedgerows, an open invitation for people to put to the test the belief that the surest way to a good night's sleep is a pillow full of hops.
The unfortunate Nan Tuck was treated with less than civility by her contemporaries but won immortality in Buxted: 'Nan Tuck's Lane' proclaims the roadsign, though it was the scene of her terror and despair. Old Nan, lived here in the 17th century, not a good time for old ladies who lived on their own. Through eccentricity or senility they stood the chance of being called witches and this was the accusation that fell upon Nan. She fled down the lane with her persecutors in full cry behind, disappearing into a wood never to be seen again according to one climax of the story, or to be found hanged in Tuck's Wood according to the sadder version. Nan'sghost is said to haunt the lane and when efforts were made to restock the wood with trees after the Great War there was one patch on which no sapling would ever grow.
A note in the parish register records the tragedy of Mary Relfe and James Atkinson who were due to be married in December 1742. Mary suddenly fell dangerously ill and despite the constant nursing of her fiance died one Sunday evening, James took to his bed, heartbroken and praying for death. He died the following Sunday at the same hour of the evening as Mary, and was buried beside her in the churchyard on the day they were to have been married.
Village idiots used to be an essential ingredient of the rural landscape. Buxted was no exception, but in George Watson they had an extraordinary character who made many people think again about this much-maligned segment of society. George was born in the village in 1785 and according to Hone's Table Book was 'ignorant in the extreme, and quite uneducated, not being able to read and write.' Yet he was a mathematical genius and could perform amazing feats of memory, solving the most difficult calculations and recalling the events of every day in his life from an early age -'Upon being asked on what day a given day of the month occurred, he immediately names it, and also mentions where he was and what was the state of the weather.' George's powers made him something of a celebrity and he was taken on several tours and proclaimed as a wonder. Mark Antony Lower, who said George's portrait depicted 'a middleaged man, of gentle though half idiotic expression', wrote: 'I never saw George Watson but once: he was trudging up Malling Hill, eastward to Lewes, and his hat, considerably the worse for wear, was chalked all over with figures, apparently the result of some arithmetical feat he had recently performed, and which he had forgotten to rub out.'
A great deal more information about Buxted, it's environs, history, genealogy etc. can be found at the excellent website: _URL_


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- 50% off exhibitions with National Art Pass.
- View venue & entry details
The first public portrait gallery in the world, the National Portrait Gallery has the largest collection of its type, housing some 11,000 portraits.
© National Portrait Gallery
Opened in 1856, with founder Trustees including Disraeli and Lord Ellesmere, the collection reflects the law-makers and taste-shapers of British culture, from monarchs to musicians, actors, explorers and authors. Since 1980 the gallery has commissioned works, and it annually hosts the BP Portrait Prize exhibition. While paintings make up the greatest proportion of the collection, there are also photographs, videos and multimedia installations.
The permanent collection " about a tenth of the gallery's holdings " is arranged chronologically, allowing the visitor to journey through Britain's history as they move from room to room. The oldest works are to be found in the staircase, which displays a collection of carved funeral effigies of British monarchs extending back to the 13th century.
The gallery's Tudor section is dominated by images that have shaped our perception of major historical figures. The Holbein portraits of Sir Thomas Cromwell and Sir Henry Moore animate the tensions of the Reformation, while the sinister anonymous portrait of Richard III has helped foster his image down the generations. Henry VIII's wives are well represented, and the collection also includes the famous 'Chandos' portrait that may or may not be of William Shakespeare.
We move through the Stuarts to the Civil War, brought to life by John Walker's contrasting portraits of the languid John Evelyn and the commanding figure of Oliver Cromwell, and on to Georgian and Regency images where such familiar faces as Joshua Reynolds' Dr Johnson and Hogarth's self-portrait emerge. The Victorians yield Patrick Brontë's portrait of his daughters, images of Queen Victoria, Charles Dickens and Napoleon Sarony's photographs of Oscar Wilde.
In 1969 portraits of living figures were permitted for the first time, and the gallery's contemporary section now houses a diverse collection of subjects (both living and dead) divided thematically. Actors, including Alan Rickman, Helen Mirren and John Hurt, share space with literary figures such as Ishiguro and Alan Bennett, and with public figures such as Mo Mowlam, Neil Kinnock and Diana Princess of Wales.
Art Funded works
Hans Eworth's 16th-century portrait of Mary Neville, Lady Dacre and Gregory Fiennes, 10th Baron Dacre gives a vivid and personal picture of the English nobility of this period, striking for its delicate facial details and those of costume. It is thought to have been painted to commemorate the family's return to favour following the execution of Mary Neville's husband in 1541.
Commissioned as the cover for Blur's 2000 album Blur: The Best of, Julian Opie's 'digital drawings' of the four band members reduce their subjects to their simplest form, both in their unmodulated colours and thick black outlines. These striking prints, the only ones in these dimensions, are unique.
An evocative portrait of the soul singer Amy Winehouse by Dutch painter Marlene Dumas was acquired with our help in 2012, watch the curator explain why the gallery decided to add Amy-Blue to its contemporary collection.
While the National Portrait Gallery's café with its glass roof is a bright and convenient space for a cup of tea or snack between exhibits, the restaurant is an altogether more impressive affair. Located on the top floor of the Ondaatje Wing, it looks out from Trafalgar Square towards Whitehall, a view that is particularly spectacular during their evening openings from Thursday to Saturday. Serving modern British food, the restaurant also has its own bar next door for those just wanting to enjoy one of London's most iconic views with a cocktail.


text:
Due to the fact that the strategic costing technique firmly implies long-term future oriented attributes, it can facilitate the organisations to reduce different types of accounting uncertainties (Cadez & Guilding, 2008). Critical Review of Literature With respect to the significance of the strategic costing, Cadez (2008) has mentioned that the notion of strategic costing has become a widely used technique for the organisations in case of proactively performing their range of accounting practices. In relation to the present fiercely competitive scenario of the global business environment, the organisations seek to integrate well-built Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) techniques in order to efficiently attain their strategic goals (Cadez, 2008). Contextually, it has also been found from the study in Qucosa (2006) that the concept of strategic costing constitutes a broad focus beyond the notion of controlling or reducing organisational costs associated with its range of business operations. Moreover, the nature of strategic costing also encompasses cost information which is significantly recognised as one of the major attributes of making exceptional organisational decisions. In this regard, the study of Qucosa (2006) has further depicted a conceptual framework with respect to the major characteristics of strategic costing. Fig: Concept Strategic Cost Management (Qucosa, 2006) Philosophy: The philosophy of strategic costing can be considered as one of the major attributes which ensures to improve revenue as well as cost of the organisations. The concept of strategic costing significantly emphasises upon enhancing organisational productivity, capitalising in terms of profit enhancement along with augmenting customer satisfaction (Qucosa, 2006). Attitude: The concept of strategic costing constitutes a proactive attitude which ensures to encompass all the costs associated with the organisational processes that result from the management decisions. In this regard, the attitude of strategic costing involves six important elements such as holistic nature, market orientation, anticipatory approach, continuousness, participative and cross-functional attributes (Qucosa, 2006). Techniques: Techniques can be recognised as the major attribute that exists within the concept of strategic costing. The concept of strategic costing firmly involves reliable techniques that are implemented by the organisations in order to accomplish their desired goals or obtain overall needs (Qucosa, 2006). The notion of strategic costing can also be considered as an effectual curriculum for the organisations. In accordance with the viewpoints of Banerjee (2006), it has been revealed that an effective practice of strategic costing tends to facilitate the firms to frequently analyse and recognise their major cost drivers, thus helping them to minimise costs and increase the overall value of the firms. Such types of management accounting programme plays a vital role for the organisations in terms of preparing budget parameter as well as it also facilitates
MSc Strategic Accounting Table of Contents Part A 3 Strategic Cost Management (Strategic Costing) 3 A Brief Overview of Strategic Costing 3 Critical Review of Literature 3 Part B 12 (a)Identification of the Key Factors 12 (b)Development of a Balanced Set of Performance Measures for Bradtech 13 (c)Consideration of Other Important Issues 14 References 16 Part A Strategic Cost Management (Strategic Costing) A Brief Overview of Strategic Costing Strategic Cost Management (Strategic Costing) can be regarded as one of the effective and strategic oriented management accounting methods…
Management accounting is considered to be useful when it properly displays an external image and a futuristic picture for an organisation. Strategic Management Accounting on the other hand can be distinguished from other management accounting activities through its extensive external orientation; this extensive external orientation includes focus towards customers, competitors, suppliers and all other stakeholders that get affected by the organisation's normal course of business.
Performance measures can be considered as metrics for monitoring the success of an activity and competence of the workforce in utilizing the available resources. Competence can be attained by maximising the output with the minimum number of resources. Improvement in competence can be achieved by providing fewer inputs that can be used to produce a particular amount of output.
The project report then looks at the aims and objectives of establishing a management accounting system and the characteristics of information flow at the strategic level. It also analyse the effectiveness of SMA system in the provision of information to assist the senior management team in the achievement of the corporate objectives at Highline.
A fusing connection among the variety of visions is involve in captivating a strategic direction, explanation and study of management accounting information, and rival's performances proposes the basic extent in favour of contrast.
Management accountants are perfectly trained and they have this ability potential and expertise to contribute along with the strategies and with the evaluating process to over those decision-making problems that they have in the market.
This necessitates the managers to have a thorough understanding and appreciation of the costs involved in different phases of the life cycle of a product in order to maximise the earnings of the firm. Stiff competition in the international markets, adoption of innovative technological changes and improved production systems have necessitated radical changes in the management accounting systems being followed by different manufacturing companies to remain globally competitive.
This point of view is well supported with both early (Solomons, 1952) and contemporary researches (Boyns and Edwards, 1997a). Needless to say, standard costing has come a long way before it became generally accepted.
Originally, cost accounting systems were mainly concerned with variable costs, such as labour and raw materials expenditures.
ds of 25 sizeable British firms serve as evidences for the statement that British entrepreneurs used standard costing methods even in pre-industrial period _PHONE_ (Fleischman and Parker, 1991), it is still considered that cost accounting began to attract wide interest of
Formulation of strategies necessitates a proper collaboration with all department like operation, marketing, HR, R&D, finance & accounting etc. These departments are the treasure house of potential information about the current
trategic management accounting which leads to evaluate an organization's interaction between its product market and capital market, analyze the internal architecture of the company and its cost considerations so that it can be evaluated whether it is required to bring any
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text:
Design & Plant provides garden design education at irresistible prices.
This Introduction to the series is indispensable. Here you will learn the ideas, principles and practice of making perennial meadows. The history of naturalistic planting is explained, the basic concepts of good plant associations are illustrated and the design of perennial meadows fully discussed.
This introduction includes four fully illustrated examples, taken from the following books in the series to offer a glimpse of prairie, open meadow, dry steppe and shady meadow perennial planting schemes.
All planting schemes consist of:
- an introduction to the scheme highlighting its theme and suggesting where it will fit best into your garden.
- quantities and spacing of each of the five theme plants used.
- suggestions for complementary plants to add to the scheme.
- a discussion of the plants used and how they combine to make a long lasting garden display.
- details on each of the theme plants, recommendations for the best cultivars and an indication of their potential growing height and spread.
With 67 images and 6 illustrations this 80 page eBook in PDF format represents incredible value at only 4.99 Euros.
Download some sample pages from Introduction – Perennial Meadows here.
That is approximately US$ 6.95.


text:
The Netflix error 1011 on the iPhone or other Apple devices is easy to fix. It is usually identified with the following message: There is a problem connecting to Netflix. Please try again later (1011).
What Does The Netflix 1011 Error Mean?
The 1011 error means that a glitch was encountered on one of the interfaces required to establish a connection to Netflix, that is, the Netflix app could not connect to the internet from your device. Now let us look at some of the things that may cause the error 1011 to happen:
- There is a problem with the internet connection on your iPhone.
- The Netflix account information on the iPhone is not correct.
- The Netflix app crashed temporarily.
- There is a problem with the Netflix cache on your device.
How To Fix Netflix Error 1011
There are several things you can do that would clear this error and stop it from showing up on the next try. These pointers or methods are listed below. These are not steps, these are options, you can try all of them though in the order they appear here with the last one being your last resort.
1. Fix The Internet Connection On Your Device
Check to make sure the internet connection on your iPhone or iPad is okay by visiting a webpage from your browser. If your connection is good, then that probably wasn't stopped Netflix. On to the next one.
2. Reset The Netflix Application
To reset the Netflix application, follow the steps below:
- Go to your iPhone home screen, then click on Settings.
- Scroll down until you find Netflix, then click on it.
- Switch the Reset button to On, then go back to your home screen.
- Open up the Netflix app again, then enter your login details to sign in. Now try streaming again to see if the error 1011 would reappear. It shouldn't.
3. Restart Your iPhone or iPad
It is a known fact that restarting a device clears some small surprisingly difficult to fix mobile problems, which is sometimes or even more commonly caused by an overloaded RAM. I remember one time my phone just stopped charging, I thought the charger had gone bad so I went to get a new one; that, and the others I borrowed from friends didn't work until I restarted the phone. Some people that find themselves in this situation may even take the battery out and slam it a few times on the floor, then when the put it back in and it works, they'll go "hey my trick worked, I'm a genius". But in reality, a simply restart would do it.
If you do not know how to restart your iPhone, follow the guide below:
- Press and hold the Sleep button on the top of your iPhone for a few seconds until the red slide to off slider appears.
- Slide the slider to turn off your phone.
- Wait about 10 seconds, then press the Sleep button to turn the phone back on.
- Now, re-open Netflix and try to do what you were trying to do before the error 1011 came up (streaming a movie perhaps).
4. Use Another Internet Connection
Like I said before, the problem could be your network connection. Have you tried opening a webpage from your browser to make sure your connection is good as described in item 1? If you have, it is also possible that your connection speed is not quick enough to stream videos on Netflix, so trying another internet connection (WiFi) would be your best bet to rule out your connection as the cause of the problem.
To change to a WiFi network connection:
- Click on the Settings icon on your home screen.
- Choose Wi-Fi.
- Find your Wi-Fi network and connect to it.
After you have connected successfully, open Netflix and try streaming your video again, it should work this time.
5. Clear Your Netflix Cookies
To eliminate the doubt that this problem may be the result of a corrupt cookie file, clear your netflix cookies by following the instructions below:
- From your browser, go to this web address _URL_
- After typing that address and pressing enter, you netflix cookies would be cleared and you would be logged out of your account.
- Now try to log back in and see if the error remains.
6. Delete and Reinstall the Netflix App
To delete the Netflix app from your iOS device:
- Press and hold the Netflix icon on your home screen until it wiggles.
- Click on the little X on the top of the icon, then choose Delete.
To install the Netflix app:
- Visit the Apple App Store, then search for Netflix (by Netflix Inc). The app is free.
- Click Install. After the app has installed, sign in and try to stream again.


text:
Find out about the City of Stirling's commitment to zero waste by 2020.
As part of its environmental charter, the City of Stirling is working towards the State Government's vision of Zero Waste by 2020.
That means that the primary focus of all of the City's 'waste' initiatives is to reduce the amount of waste, that is collected by or delivered to the City, sent to landfill through re use and recycling.
The City's program also has a strong focus on recovering and safely disposing of hazardous household waste.
The type of services the City utilises to meet these goals are designed to also be simple and convenient to use for all the City's residents, regardless of their circumstances.
To improve the quality of our environment, responsibility has to be shared between the City (and its contractors) and our residents.
Whereas the City commits itself to provide all the necessary service outlets in order to re use, recycle or safely dispose of waste, it is each resident's responsibility to reduce the amount of waste they produce in the first instance and to utilise the services provided by the City in accordance with the best practice rules that govern the use of these services.
All of these services are regulated by the Waste Management Local Law 2010. The purpose of this law is to regulate the storage, collection and disposal of waste and refuse in the city.


7 Reasons Not to Let Go of Your Landline
One of the most important breakthroughs of the modern age was wireless connectivity. With the increased demand of mobile/portable services, wires have become more of a relic in the advanced age of communications. Mobile phones have replaced landline phones all across the globe for the majority of the population. But mobile devices do carry some negative implications for users both young and old. In practicality, wired connectivity still possesses a lot of utility for long term use. Let's shed some light on some of the most important reasons why you should not give up your landline connection.
Attractive Costs
Landline connections quite often are part of packages with triple play services. When obtaining a complete package, you get a lot of incentive to use your landline cable connection for an attractive cost. Plus, the average landline call for many providers are lower than mobile call costs.
Power Shortages
Any person or geographic area can be affected by a power failure or outage due to technical issues or physical wear and tear. Landline connections help you stay connected with your loved ones even through a power failure. This is especially beneficial for people living in areas more prone to natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
Emergency call centers can easily pinpoint and locate the origin of a landline call with simple mechanisms. A wireless call transmitted from a multiple story building could be relatively difficult to track.
Superior Call Quality
Consumer surveys have concluded numerous times that the call quality for landlines calls is much more consistent over a longer period of time as compared to mobile calls. The wireless networks can often get distorted due to external interferences, such as signals from other devices. So if you are in the habit of taking long calls or if someone has a hearing disability, landlines would be much more convenient.
Effective Simplicity
With the changing times, gadgets are getting more and more complicated. The mobile phones of today need a proper tutorial to be handled properly, especially for those of older generations. Plus, they might keep younger people distracted due to the endless array of features they offer. A number of studies have found mobile phone usage to be an addiction, rather than just a utility.
This is especially true for the younger generations. The good old landline phones are much simpler to use with their simple operational procedures. All you need to do is pick up the phone and dial your desired number.
Charging Hassle
Every portable device operates on batteries, and thus charging becomes an essential step in the life of a mobile phone user. Landlines phones don't need to be charged at all, so you are safe from such hassle. What if you have an important call at hand and the battery runs out? At least your landline is sure to come in handy.
Radiation Hazards
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that cell phone radiation might be linked with brain cancer. It is no hidden fact that a great many people complain having migraines and sleep disturbances after using mobile phones for extended period.
Plus, major companies like Samsung confirmed that some of their devices might even explode during the charging process or during an actual call, which could be quite dangerous. Landlines are free from such radiation issues, and thus people find them relatively more secure.
No Contracts, Sane Mind
So many contracts, so much hassle, too many factors that need consideration. The landline is simple enough to use without these worries, and might actually be a sigh of relief for people who get annoyed with hidden costs often associated with contracts.
Keeping all these pros in mind, one cannot deny that mobile technology does have its perks. Being able to enjoy a stable and dependable landline connection largely depends upon your service provider. If you are aren't confident with your current connection, try the AT&T home phone service, which also comes in their triple play package, as it is quite reliable. We hope that your landline connection will be able to provide you the satisfaction you desire!
I am a tech geek who likes to write about inventions, new developments and progress in the telecom industry. I work as a content writer at GetATTOnline.com and therefore have profound knowledge of all the latest happenings in the industry.


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Researchers have recently discovered that some female small-tooth sawfish are reproducing in the wild without the need of male sexual partners.
Smalltooth sawfish are one of five species of sawfish, a group of large rays known for their long, tooth-studded rostrum that they use to subdue small fish. The researchers say that sawfish could be the first family of marine animals to be driven to extinction due to overfishing and coastal habitat loss.
Historically, the smalltooth sawfish inhabited the western Atlantic Ocean from New York to central Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern Atlantic along the central west coast of Africa. The species was once common on both Florida coasts, especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In the late 1800s, a fisherman on the east coast reported capturing 300 sawfish in the Indian River Lagoon during one season. When commercial netting became more prevalent, fishers often accidentally caught sawfish because the rostrum (saw) can easily become entangled in nets.
Now, smalltooth sawfish are no longer found throughout their full historical range and are mainly found today in a handful of locations in southern Florida, including the Caloosahatchee and Peace Rivers.
Earlier evidence that vertebrates might sometimes reproduce without a mate via a process called parthenogenesis had primarily come from isolated examples of captive animals--including birds, reptiles, and sharks. In those instances, the animals in question surprised their keepers by giving birth despite the fact that they'd had no opportunity to mate. In addition, researchers recently reported two free-living female snakes, each pregnant with a single parthenogen, but it was not known if these embryos would have lived in the wild. Therefore, no one really knew if this phenomenon took place to any significant extent in wild populations.
Demian Chapman of Stony Brook University in New York and his colleagues from the Priztker Laboratory at the Field Museum of Chicago and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission made the discovery that vertebrate parthenogens can and do live in the wild after conducting some routine DNA fingerprinting of smalltooth sawfish in a Florida estuary. The researchers' DNA analyses show that about 3% of the sawfish in their studies are products of this unusual form of reproduction.
"We were conducting routine DNA fingerprinting of the sawfish found in this area in order to see if relatives were often reproducing with relatives due to their small population size," says lead author of the study, Andrew Fields, a PhD candidate at the Stony Brook University's School of Marine and Atmospheric Science. "What the DNA fingerprints told us was altogether more surprising: female sawfish are sometimes reproducing without even mating."
Parthenogenesis is common in invertebrates but rare in vertebrate animals, the researchers explain. Vertebrate parthenogenesis is thought to occur when an unfertilized egg absorbs a genetically identical sister cell. The resulting offspring have about half of the genetic diversity of their mothers and often die.
"There was a general feeling that vertebrate parthenogenesis was a curiosity that didn't usually lead to viable offspring," says Gregg Poulakis of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, who led field collections of the sawfish.
And yet the seven parthenogens the researchers found appeared to be in perfect health. All of the animals were tagged and released back into the wild as part of an ongoing study of sawfish movements.
"Occasional parthenogenesis may be much more routine in wild animal populations than we ever thought," says Kevin Feldheim of the Pritzker Laboratory at the Field Museum of Chicago, where the DNA fingerprinting was conducted.
It's possible that this form of reproduction occurs mainly in small or dwindling populations. The researchers are now encouraging others to screen their DNA databases in search of other hidden instances of vertebrate parthenogens living in the wild.
As for smalltooth sawfish, it's possible this ability could keep them going for a little longer. But it won't be enough to save them.
"This should serve as a wake-up call that we need serious global efforts to save these animals," Feldheim says.
Image Credit: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)


This interview is with Jeanne Feldkamp and Dan Diephouse of Corollary Wines. In this interview, the couple talks about their journey before getting into the wine industry, and how they ended up in Oregon. They speak about the logistics of starting their label and the meaning behind the name, how they've adjusted to COVID-19, and how what they find so exciting about sparkling wine here. They then touch on what sustainability means to them when looking for grapes, and how they would describe their winemaking philosophy. Towards the end of the interview, they answer what the purpose of wine is in society, what they hope consumers will take away from their wines, and what they have seen in the future for themselves and Oregon.
This interview was conducted by Rich Schmidt at their home in Dundee on June 5, 2020.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
An imperial pint of beer
The pint /ˈpnt/ (abbreviated as "pt" or "p") is a unit of volume or capacity in both the United States customary and British imperial measurement systems. The British pint is about 20% larger than the American pint since the two systems are not compatible. Almost all other countries have standardized on the metric system, so the size of what may be called a pint varies depending on local custom.
All of the other former British colonies such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand converted to the metric system in the 1960s and 1970s, so while the term "pint" may still be in common use in these countries, it may no longer refer to the British imperial pint once used throughout the British Empire. In the United Kingdom, the pint is still the primary unit for draught beer and cider, as it is for milk sold in returnable bottles. In the UK legislation mandates that draught beer and cider may be sold by the pint in perpetuity, and in taverns can only be sold in a third of a pint, two-thirds of a pint or multiples of half a pint, which must be served in stamped measured glasses or from government-stamped meters.[1] It must, of course, be the standard British imperial pint rather than the 17% smaller American pint. A pint of beer served in a tavern outside the United Kingdom and the United States may be measured by other standards, and may be a British imperial pint, an American pint, a half-litre beer stein, or some other measure reflecting national and local laws and customs.[2]
Imperial pint[edit]
The imperial pint is equal to one-eighth of an imperial gallon.[3]
1 imperial pint 18 imperial gallon
12 imperial quart
4 imperial gills
20 imperial fluid ounces
568.26125 millilitres (exactly)[4][5] ≈568 ml
≈ 34.677429099 cubic inches
≈ _PHONE_ US liquid pints
≈ _PHONE_ US dry pints
United States liquid pint[edit]
The United States liquid pint is equal to one-eighth of a United States liquid gallon.[3] It is used commonly in the United States.
1 US liquid pint 18 US liquid gallon
12 US liquid quart
2 US cups
4 US fluid gills
16 US fluid ounces
128 US fluid drams
28.875 cubic inches (exactly)[6]
473.176473 millilitres (exactly)[7] ≈ 473 ml
≈ 0.83267418463 imperial pints
≈ 0.85936700738 US dry pints
United States dry pint[edit]
1 US dry pint 18 US dry gallons
12 US dry quarts
33._PHONE_ cubic inches (exactly)
550._PHONE_ millilitres (exactly)[7] ≈ 551 ml
≈ 0.96893897192 imperial pints
≈ _PHONE_ US liquid pints
Other pints[edit]
The French word pinte is etymologically related, but historically described a larger unit. The Royal pint (pinte du roi) was 48 French cubic inches (952.1 mL).[8] but regional pints varied in size depending on locality and on commodity (usually wine or olive oil) varying from 0.95 L to over 2 L.[8] Thus, in French Canada, une pinte refers, by federal law, to the imperial quart whereas the imperial pint is called une chopine.[9] In Flanders, the word pint, pintje, refers only to a 250 mL glass of lager. Some Westand East-Flemish dialects use it as a word for beaker.
In India the word pint is used to refer to a serving of 330ml, typically for bottles of beer.[citation needed]
One US fluid pint of water weighs about a pound (16 ounces), resulting in the popular saying, "The pint's a pound, the world around." However, a US pint of water weighs 1.04375 pounds and the statement does not hold the world around because the imperial (UK) pint, which was also the standard measure in Australia, India, Malaya, New Zealand, South Africa etc., weighs 1.25 pounds. A different saying for the imperial pint is "A pint of pure water weighs a pound and a quarter."
The various Canadian provinces continued to use the Queen Anne Winchester wine gallon as a basis for their pint until 1873, well after Britain adopted the imperial system in 1824. This made the Canadian pint compatible with the American pint, but after 1824 it was incompatible with the British pint. The traditional French "pinte" used in Lower Canada (Quebec) was twice the size of the traditional English "pint" used in Upper Canada (Ontario), about 1 litre versus 0.5 litres. After four of the British provinces united in Canadian Confederation in 1867, Canada legally adopted the British imperial system of measure in 1873, making Canadian liquid units incompatible with American ones from that year forward.[10] In 1873, the French Canadian "pinte" was defined as being one imperial quart or two imperial pints, while the imperial pint was legally called a "chopine" in French Canada. Canadian imperial units of liquid measure remain incompatible with American traditional units to this day, and although the Canadian pint, quart, and gallon are still legal units of measure in Canada, they are still 20% larger than the American ones. Most Canadians and almost all Americans are unaware of the difference,[citation needed] nor are they aware that in French Canada a "pinte" is actually a quart, so to avoid lawsuits, companies clarified it by putting the metric measure on the containers even prior to official metrication.
Effects of metrication[edit]
The British Virgin Islands also require[citation needed] that beer and cider be sold in pints. Also in Canada water amounts in air purifiers are advertised in pints as well as BTUs ("British thermal units"), see metrication.
In Canada, the "pint of beer" served in pubs and bars has long been considered a colloquial term for "a large glass of beer". Legally speaking, after 1873 it was defined as one British imperial pint of 20 imperial ounces. On the other hand, the United States continued to use a smaller 16 ounce pint, while in French Canada after 1873 a "pinte de bière" was defined as a much larger 40 ounce quart of beer, so confusion arose to which was being used. Prior to 1961, bottled beer in Canada was served in two sizes, colloquially known as "quarts" and "pints." They were 22 and 12 imperial ounces (625 and 341 ml), respectively, which were much smaller than the British units. Some provinces banned the sale of beer in the larger bottle. For example, in Ontario in the 1950s only the smaller size could be sold, but in Quebec both sizes were about equally common. The numerous incompatibilities between traditional Canadian, British, French, and American unit systems was one of the driving forces behind metrication in Canada.
After metrication in Canada, companies sold milk and other liquids in metric units so conversion issues could no longer arise. Legally speaking, although some British imperial units are still legally usable in Canada, as a result of Canada's colonial history, the "pint" served in drinking establishments in Canada should be the larger 20 ounce British imperial pint, rather than the smaller 16 ounce American traditional pint. Under the Canada Weights and Measures Act, if asked for a "pint of beer", businesses should serve customers 0.568 litres of beer with an accuracy of 0.5%, and if asked for a "pinte de bière" they should serve them 1.136 litres.[16] The problem with that definition that is that Canada is immediately adjacent to the US and Canadians are much more familiar with American traditional units than British imperial ones. Canada converted to the metric system more than 40 years ago and the British imperial system of units has not been taught in schools for almost two generations. Most of the people serving drinks are unaware of the difference between American traditional pints and British imperial pints, so they will often serve 16 ounce American pints (often including 2 ounces of foam) rather than larger 20 ounce British pints (traditionally not including foam).[citation needed] This sometimes upsets British immigrants and older Canadians who remember imperial pints. To avoid legal issues, many drinking establishments are moving away from using the term "pint" and are selling "glasses" or "sleeves" of beer, neither of which have a legal definition.[17]
References and notes[edit]
 6. ^ One US liquid gallon is defined as 231 cubic inches.
 12. ^ Weights and measures: the law
 13. ^ The sale of alcohol in pubs, restaurants, etc
 19. ^ US Code title 27 Part 5
 20. ^ "Pint". 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
External links[edit]


Posted by: nancycurteman | September 27, 2014
20 Chapter Endings to Keep Readers Reading
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th-1Every chapter and scene should end in a way that makes the reader want to continue reading. The last sentence can determine whether a reader will turn the page or put the book down. Here are 20 examples of ending sentences that are sure to motivate a reader to turn the page and keep on reading. Try adapting some of these sentences to your story.
Something was very, very wrong.
What happened next, he never saw coming.
Realization crashed over him like a tidal wave
Bloody Hell
Why hadn't she thought of that before?
Who was she protecting?
Now it might be too late.
It was what she said next that sent a chill through his body.
It wasn't what he said but what he didn't say that shocked her.
He slammed on the brakes but it was too late. *
To his horror, he suddenly realized why he was there. *
She picked up the phone and gasped when she heard the voice from her past. *
"No," she begged. "Please don't—" *
How could this happen? *
He thought he had made his point—but then he read the last sentence again. *
Oh no. Please, no.
What she saw would change her life forever.
Who could he tell?
She had to find the answer.
Did anyone see her?
Can you think of more great ending sentences to keep readers reading? I'd love to add them to this list.
More Tips:
How to End a Mystery Novel
How to Write Endings for Mystery Novels
* indicates sentences generated by Fremont Area Writers.
 1. Great sentences to lure the reader to the next scene or chapter. Blessings to you, Nancy…
 - I'm collecting these sentences to share with my readers. Thanks for your comment, Carol.
 2. Great post as always Nancy. Mine would be:
 "What did they want from him?"
 - David, Thanks for adding a great chapter ending sentence.
 3. Wonderfully helpful, Nancy. Also add the beloved Patricia Moyes' clincher: "Time," said Bob loudly. "Time gentlemen, if you please."
 - Good chapter ending sentence. We're getting a good collection. Thanks.
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text:
Fundamentals of Transportation/About< Fundamentals of Transportation
This book is aimed at undergraduate civil engineering students, though the material may provide a useful review for practitioners and graduate students in transportation. Typically, this would be for an Introduction to Transportation course, which might be taken by most students in their sophomore or junior year. Often this is the first engineering course students take, which requires a switch in thinking from simply solving given problems to formulating the problem mathematically before solving it, i.e. from straight-forward calculation often found in undergraduate Calculus to vaguer word problems more reflective of the real world.
How an idea becomes a roadEdit
The plot of this textbook can be thought of as "How an idea becomes a road". The book begins with the generation of ideas. This is followed by the analysis of ideas, first determining the origin and destination of a transportation facility (usually a road), then the required width of the facility to accommodate demand, and finally the design of the road in terms of curvature. As such the book is divided into three main parts: planning, operations, and design, which correspond to the three main sets of practitioners within the transportation engineering community: transportation planners, traffic engineers, and highway engineers. Other topics, such as pavement design, and bridge design, are beyond the scope of this work. Similarly transit operations and railway engineering are also large topics beyond the scope of this book.
Each page is roughly the notes from one fifty-minute lecture.


text:
This program is designed for Iowa K-12 administrative certification.
Some surrounding states have a reciprocal agreement on certification but we are not a "normal" graduate program, so please check with the state in which you may want certification. Also if you plan to gain Superintendent certification, you can submit your portfolio for each Standard and they may grant credit. This will be the choice of the college/university to which you apply.
During the course of the program (24 months), the following will be completed:
- Write reflection on the following - schedule a meeting with your administrator, Superintendent/Chief Officer to review how or what process they used to plan for the school/AEA year.
- Calendar – work daysCreate/administer a budget for buildings, departments, etc.
- Select, create and follow up to their staff development plan.
- CSIP information and district goals – what and how were they created?
- What is the district's/AEA's evaluation philosophy/procedures for teachers and administrators?
- Master contract – how is it viewed? Does the philosophy support or hinder what the district wants to do and why?
- Since all administrators have to be trained in the Evaluator Approval, how is it used in your district/AEA?
- Community involvement in your schools – how is it fostered and encouraged?
AEA & Special Education
- Schedule a meeting with your AEA representative and review services they provide to the district. Ask them how that compares to surrounding districts.
- Take part or sit in on two special education staffings and reflect on what happened. Follow up later with your administrator if you have questions.
- Meet with a special education teacher in your district. Discuss and reflect on their thoughts about your district's program, strengths and weaknesses.
For each standard, you will be asked to search for and find most current research on the problem. The research can be the same for all cohort members.
Candidates will complete Diverse Clinical Experience and checklist. This will include work in the current teaching position and another experience in a school district that has a population that is diverse from the current assignment.
Since this is a K-12 certification, you are asked to do an additional 5-10 articles per Standard, administrative practice, program, research, etc. with your reflections "outside your comfort zone" to broaden your understandings. Candidates are expected to also read additional books and provide reflections.
Evaluator Training (6 days) will be offered in the summer during the first 12 months of the program.
Requirements of each Standard portfolio:
- Your overall reflection of the Standard.
- Your reflections on each of the presenters of that Standard.
- Ten articles and your reflections – outside your comfort zone.
School-Action Research Requirements of Each Standard: (Sub-Cohort)
- School-Action Research
- Current status of the learner
- Current research of best practices for learners
- Goal development of the learner
- Current status of the learning environment
- Current research of best practices for the learning environment
- Goal development in the learning environment
- Construction of a building action – plan for using differentiated leadership to support school vision and missions
- Portfolio or log of all activities conducted in the action research study and school and staff development plans. (Individual)
Tool box activities - list and reflection/learnings (Individual)
In-Basket – please bring situations for discussion that you would like to analyze and discuss – staffing problems, student discipline, parent problems, policy infractions, etc. We will discuss real-time situations which a principal would confront.
- Meeting dates and times (9 a.m. – 5 p.m.).
- Cohort Activities – Time is given during each Saturday class for lunch and planning (11:30 a.m. – 1 p.m.) Cohorts can self-select to work on common problems but each must do their own reflections – on speakers and articles.
- Attendance – In the previous Cohorts, we had very few absences because of the high quality of presenters. If you are going to be gone you MUST let us know.
- Calling off class due to weather. We will plan a phone tree.
- Director Visits - On the first visit, we will meet with your supervisor to outline the expectations of the program. The remaining visits will be with the candidates to discuss specific issues they may have with the program. Further visits with the supervisor will be held as needed.
- At the beginning of each standard, payment is due ($1,100 per standard) for a total of $6,600.
- Up to two License Renewal credits are available at $35 per credit for each standard. This MUST be paid when the Standard is started. A grade of proficient/not proficient will be given when all members of the Cohort have their portfolio completed and graded.


You can't afford not to work out
Time to spring for that gym membership you think is out of your budget. What you really can't afford is to NOT workout, according to a recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
Researchers from hospitals and universities around the country-- including Johns Hopkins, Emory, and Baylor looked into the annual cost of being active or inactivein terms of health care spending.
They crunched the numbers and found that working out will save you $2,500 each year. Researchers also concluded that us not getting our "moderate 30 minutes of exercise 5 days a week" costs the U.S. economy $28 billion a year. Worldwide, the figure is $86 billion.
People who don't exercise are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Treating those illnesses is expensive. Wouldn't you rather buy a classpass?
Of course, it's only worth it if you actually go. If you workout at home or outside, that's like saving money twice! You're gonna be the richest, hottest, and some day, the healthiest senior citizen out there.


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This is our record of all trips and stops (activities) that have been completed by tracked assets. This allows you to track macro behavior on an event scale, rather than second by second. These events are great ways to track overall behavior over larger scopes of time as well, then break it up into manageable pieces.
This report displays the type of activity, the IMEI of the tracker involved, name of the tracker, our activity start time, activity end time, location, distance, and duration. The final three columns of data are very useful. The location will display the start address and ending address for trip activities, and will give the address of the stop activity. The distance will show total mileage covered during the trip. Note that the distance will be blank during a stop, as the tracker has not travelled during said stop. Duration shows the time that passed during the activity.
When looking at the activity report, you can get a real sense of patterns involving your trackers. You can also easily ID any deviation in those patterns. Say, for instance, your trackers always travel for 10 mile (16.09 km) or less trips. If you see a trip of 17 miles (27.36 kilometers), that is a key indicator to investigate that trip further. Seeing these patterns and digging into them is a real key benefit to using the reporting tool.
You can also use this report as a key indicator of utilization. Seeing a high number of completed trips for one vehicle and relatively few for the others shows an imbalance. This can lead to lack of or unnecessary maintenance. It can lead to early wear on assets. These are all things that you can at least be clued into by using this report on the regular.


Bombing of Plaza de Mayo
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Bombing of Plaza de Mayo
Civilian casualties on June 16, 1955
Date June 16, 1955 (1955-06-16)
Location Plaza de Mayo
Participants Argentine Naval Aviation
Argentine Air Force
Outcome Failed coup
Deaths 150-364[1]
At 12:40 pm, a number of aircraft from the Argentine Navy and Air Force strafed and bombed Plaza de Mayo square in Buenos Aires, in what remains to this day the largest aerial bombing ever on the Argentine mainland. The attack targeted the adjacent Casa Rosada, the official seat of government, as a large crowd was expressing support for president Juan Perón. The strike took place during a day of official public demonstrations to condemn the burning of a national flag allegedly carried out by detractors of Perón during the recent procession of Corpus Christi. The action was to be the first step in an eventually aborted coup d'état.
Thirty-four Argentine Naval Aviation and Air Force airplanes, consisting of 22 North American AT-6, five Beechcraft AT-11, three Consolidated PBY Catalina flying boats, and four Air Force Gloster Meteor joined the attack.
A total of 9.5 tonnes of ordnance were dropped, killing 150-364[2] (mostly civilians) and injuring more than 800. Fire ceased at 5:20 pm local time. Three planes were shot down by hastily-mounted anti-aircraft guns. Nineteen Mounted Grenadiers, members of the presidential guard, were killed in action. One AT-6 was shot down by a loyal Gloster Meteor over the Río de la Plata.
Meanwhile, Argentine marines attempted an assault on Casa Rosada, but were repelled by loyal forces. The rebels withdrew towards the premises of the Ministry of the Navy, where they were forced to surrender in the evening along with the leader of the ill-fated coup, Vice-Admiral Samuel Toranzo Calderón. His second in command, Vice-Admiral Benjamín Gargiulo, committed suicide.
That night, angry crowds burnt down eight churches and a cathedral.
After the failure of the intended coup (as neither the Army nor the bulk of the Air Force joined in), the pilots received orders to fly towards Uruguay and ask for asylum.
In September of that year, the bulk of the armed forces would join in the Revolución Libertadora, which overthrew president Perón and started a period of military rule that ended in the 1958 presidential elections, won by Arturo Frondizi of the UCRI. Even though the Peronist party was not allowed to enter the ballot, Frondizi's victory was influenced by Perón's instructions to his loyal base, given from his exile in Madrid, to tactically vote for Frondizi.
One of the naval pilots who took part in the bombings, Máximo Rivero Kelly was promoted and was second-in-command of the Argentine Navy during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín. He claims the naval pilots aimed to hit the presidential palace but that one aircraft missed, causing about 20 killed among the civilians.[3]
Bullet and shrapnel marks are still visible on some buildings on the south side of the square as of 2013.
See also[edit]
Coordinates: 34°36′30″S 58°22′19″W / 34.60833°S 58.37194°W / -34.60833; -58.37194
 1. ^ Bombas sobre Buenos Aires: Gestación y desarollo del bombardeo aéreo sobre la Plaza de Mayo del 16 de junio de 1955, Daniel E. Cichero, p.163, Vergara Grupo Zeta, 2005.
 3. ^ Testimonios del Bombardeo


text: Current extensive genetic research into common complex diseases, especially with the completion of genome-wide association studies, is bringing to light many novel genetic risk loci. These new discoveries, along with previously known genetic risk variants, offer an important opportunity for researchers to improve health care. We describe a relatively fast method, using a Mann-Whitney U-statistic and based on the concept of the optimal receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, to build a test with many ideal properties (e.g., having the highest overall discriminative ability), to estimate its classification accuracy, and to determine the sample size required for the verification of this accuracy. The proposed predictive test is asymptotically more powerful than tests built on other existing methods, can handle a large number of genetic and environmental risk predictors, and allows for loci that interact. The method uses an efficient procedure to handle missing data. Simulations indicate that this method often performs better than the use of either classification and regression trees or simple allele counting. An application to Type 2 diabetes finds interactions that are replicated in an independent genome-wide association study.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The origin of spin is some what a puzzle to me, everything spin from galaxies to planets to weather to electrons.
Where has all the angular momentum come from? Why is it so natural?
I was also thinking do photons spin? we always think of the wave as a standard 2d sin wave but could this rotate in 3d? What implications would this have?
And what about spacetime how does all the spinning effect?
This has always been avoided in all lectures and classes I ever went to.
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Re: waves, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_polarization – Willie Wong Jul 11 '11 at 0:07
Your question is not entirely "true"! Elliptic galaxies do not spin. Same is for the central bulge of spirals galaxies afaik. – Georg Jul 11 '11 at 12:50
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4 Answers
Sticking strictly to classical mechanics, things in space are all moving, in different directions. They are not standing still. You could ask why are they not standing still, but I guess that's cosmology.
Suppose two cars pass in opposite directions on a road. When they pass, there is a certain distance between them. So if you draw a dotted line around the pair of them, that pair has angular momentum, which is just momentum at a distance. They don't have to be spinning around a center to have angular momentum. They only have to be traveling past each other.
If one of the cars threw out a magnet on a rope and captured the other, now they would start spinning like a bolas. That's what happens when things moving past each other are pulled together. Whether or not they're pulled together, they still have angular momentum. It's just another way of saying they're moving past each other.
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The origin of spin can be traced in two fundamental physical postulates:
 1. Einstein's (general) relativity postulate
 2. Wigner's principle stating that elementary particles carry irreducible unitary representations of the symmetries of nature
According to the first principle, every local reference frame of space-time is Minkowskian and the laws of physics are the same in all local reference frames. Now, the automorphism group of a Minkowski space is the Poincare group, therefore the laws of physics are convariant under the Poincare group.
The second principle allows us to actually identify between elementary particles and irreducible representations of the symmetry groups of nature. Applying this principle to the Poincare group, we obtain that elementary particles carry irreducible unitary representations of the Poincare group, and by consequence irreducible unitary representations of its subroups, in particular, the rotation group. Now, since elementary representations of the rotation group are classified by the spin, then elementary particles carry spin.
There is a subtlety in this description, in that the representations of the rotation group correspond only to integer spin and as we know half integer spin exists in nature also. This issue was also addressed by Wigner, who generalized the correspondence between elementary particles and representations to projective representations as well (see for example Wigner's collected works). The projective representations of the rotation group correspond to half integer as well as integer spin.
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I think that the simplest way to answer this question is to state the apposite. when you put, launch or deliver something in space it is nearly impossible for it not to spin. To have no angular momentum in 0g is nearly impossible. Besides vacuum random spin is the most difficult problem in space.
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Spin in space is a problem because there is a lack of things to impact. i.e. on the Earth you will only spin so long before air resistance or the ground dissipates it. This is not a direct consequence of zero-gravity. This is implied by your answer, but perhaps not intentionally. Can you clarify it please? – qubyte Nov 25 '11 at 17:34
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In elementary particles all particles that have spin different than 0, spin, i.e. have angular momentum, so photons are spinning too, they have spin 1. There exist particles and systems with spin 0 (pions as an example), those do not spin :).
Since physics started from macroscopic studies one has to look at the equations that describe motion classically, very successfully. These equations, obey "Noether's theorem" that shows there are conserved quantities in the dynamics of motion coming from the symmetries of the system. Energy, momentum and angular momentum are conserved.
This means that once a path or a system rotation is established by some interaction, for example by a grazing impact of two asteroids, if there are no further interactions the asteroids will keep on spinning because the angular momentum they gave each other will be conserved individually.
So the answer to your question
is : from conservation laws. It is natural because equations of motion and conservation laws are a description of the mechanics of nature, and that is the way nature works.
Now space time and angular momentum are another story in General Relativity, where, because a rotating object has acceleration in the radial direction it distorts space time around it. For a simplified view see this experiment.
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The two rotations are equal and opposite each other, adding to a zero angular momentum. – anna v Feb 6 '13 at 16:39
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text:
Ya'eqob, Zare'a (scholar)
Zare'a Ya'eqob (who is believed to have lived in the 17th century) was the author of a book of philosophy known as Hatata Zara Yaqob ("The Investigations of Zare'a Ya'eqob").
The religious policies of the reign of Emperor Susneyos [reigned 1607-32], who had accepted Catholicism, were a threat to Ethiopians of the Orthodox Church, among whom was Zare'a Ya'eqob. He was obliged to leave his city, Aksum, to live a secluded life in the mountains of Ambara, in Tegré province. His religious contemplation there led him to the point of doubting even the existence of God. Since no previous existing work in Ethiopia deals with religious problems in a rational way, the unique quality of his work raised doubts in the minds of the 20th-century Italian scholar C. Conti Rossini. Conti Rossini tried to prove that the name Zare'a Ya'eqob was only a pseudonym adopted by the Father Giusto da Urbino, an Italian monk and scholar who lived in Ethiopia in the 19th century, and whom he believed to be the real author of the Hatata. Although some of Conti Rossini's assumptions may be correct, it is nevertheless difficult to believe that such a vivid account of the religio-political situation of 17th century Ethiopia could have been written 200 years later.
C. Conti Rossini, "Lo Hatata Zare'a Ya'eqob e il Padre Giusto da Urbino" ("The Hatata Zare'a Ya'eqob and Father Ciusto da Urbino"), Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, Vol. XXIX, Rome, 1920; I. Guidi, Storia della letteratura etiopica ("History of Ethiopian Literature"), Rome, 1932; E. Littmann, Geschichte der Athiopischen Literatur *("History of Ethiopian Literature"), Leipzig, 1907, Philosophi Abessini, sive vita et philosophia magistri Zare'a Ya'eqob eiusque discipuli Walda-Heywat philosophia ("Abyssinian Philosophers, or the Life and Philosophy of Master Zare'a Ya'eqob and the Philosophy of His Disciple Walda Heyewat"), Paris, 1904; E. Mittowoch, *Die amharische version der 'Soirées de Carthage' ("The Amharic Version of the 'Nights of Carthage'") Berlin, 1934.
This article was reprinted from The Encyclopaedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography (in 20 Volumes). Volume One Ethiopia-Ghana. Ed. L. H. Ofosu-Appiah. New York: Reference Publications Inc., 1977. All rights reserved.


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Thursday Apr 18, 2019
Cultural Humility Is Critical to Health Equity
Mrs. Smith, a 60-year-old black woman, presented to my office visibly upset about a recent appointment with a subspecialist. She had been treated poorly, she said, from the moment she arrived at that physician's office. Most telling, the patient said, was that the subspecialist assumed that her heart disease was related to a diet that included a lot of fried chicken and other Southern dishes. In reality, Mrs. Smith has been a vegetarian for more than a decade, and her condition is more likely related to her family history.
[young female physician treating female patient]
As I apologized for my subspecialty colleague's actions, I was reminded of the importance of cultural proficiency in health care. I also was reminded that not only must we be culturally competent, we also should possess what has been termed "cultural humility."
I asked the medical student rotating with me if she was familiar with this term. She responded that she was familiar with cultural competency but not cultural humility. Unfortunately, she is not alone. It is imperative that we understand these terms as we strive to care for our increasingly diverse population and address health disparities in our communities.
Culturally competent care respects diversity in the patient population and cultural factors that can affect health and health care, such as language, communication styles, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors. Cultural competency is the foundation to reducing disparities by being culturally sensitive and providing unbiased, high-quality care.
Cultural proficiency takes things a step further. According to the AAFP's position paper on the issue, cultural proficiency is not just the acceptance of cultural differences, but rather is "a transformational process that allows individuals to acknowledge interdependence and align with a group other than their own. Culturally proficient health care, in particular, makes use of a patient's language and culture as tools to improve outcomes for that individual."
But we must not overlook the critical component of cultural humility(_URL_) -- having a humble and respectful attitude toward people of other cultures. It involves ongoing self-exploration combined with a willingness to learn from others. It helps us recognize our cultural biases and realize that we can't know everything about a culture.
The concept of cultural humility was developed by Melanie Tervalon, M.D., M.P.H., and Jann Murray-García, M.D., M.P.H.,(melanietervalon.com) more than 20 years ago to address health disparities and institutional inequities in medicine. It is now used in public health, social work, education and nonprofit management, but is underutilized in health care.
Tervalon and Murray-García described three principles of cultural humility. We must continue learning throughout our lives because we are ever-changing based on what is going on with us and with our patients. We must be humble about our level of knowledge regarding our patients' beliefs and values, aware of our own assumptions and prejudices, and active in redressing the imbalance of power inherent in the physician-patient relationship. Finally, we must recognize the importance of institutional accountability.
Cultural humility gives us a greater understanding of cultures that are different from our own and helps us recognize each patient's unique cultural experiences. As family physicians, we treat the whole person. We are involved in the communities we serve, and we maintain ongoing patient-physician relationships. In addition, we are trained to ask many questions. We learn from our patients and their families and acknowledge their cultures and how these cultures affect health, without making assumptions (as my colleague did with Mrs. Smith). Through these efforts, we are able to promote accessible, affordable, culturally proficient and high-quality care.
Patient-centered care is respectful and responsive to the individual patient's preferences, needs and values, and it ensures that these values guide all clinical decisions. To achieve this, physicians and staff must be not only culturally competent as we care for our diverse populations and strive for health equity, but also culturally humble. Only then might we truly be culturally proficient.
Ada Stewart, M.D., is a member of the AAFP Board of Directors.
Posted at 03:40PM Apr 18, 2019 by Ada Stewart, M.D.
Fresh Perspectives - New Docs in Practice
FPs on the Front Lines


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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) accounts for over 30% of chip failure which occurred during chip manufacturing. Inadvertent touching by human body or contact with assembler tray can lead to such ESD failures. The most dominant ESD model is the charged-device model (CDM) wherein energy-destructive failure is incorporated resulting from rapid inflow, or outflow, of high current. Conventional modeling and simulations of the CDM are engineered to describe the behavior of ESD protection circuits, hence have a limitation to account for chip-level charge transfer. This paper presents a new methodology to simulate CDM behavior at chip level. A hierarchical approach associated with a CDM macromodel is developed to model a full-chip structure comprised of several functional subsystems and multiple power supplies. Full-chip CDM simulation provides the analysis of chip-level discharge paths and failure mechanisms, especially focusing on the gate oxide reliability. The proposed method can easily be applied to the CDM failure analysis of any product ICs in the early design stage. As an example, simulation results of a mixed-signal application-specific integrated circuit processed in a 0.25-μm CMOS technology show high correlation with the measurement data.