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Since time immemorial there have been different necklace designs for men. It is worth understanding this so that an individual can choose the one which pleases them most. There are some women who have been attracted to these designs and have taken them up. Even though the number of women who have started putting on these necklaces has greatly increased it does not mean that they are unisex or they belong to women. There are chances that a man might have seen a woman putting on one of the designs. Such individuals should not shun away from such designs. Some of the most common designs include the following:
This takes the design of pendants. The only unique thing with this form of design is that they bear some special texts. This necklace designs have been adored by many people because of the importance attached to this text.
These are plain chains which have various decorations. They are greatly adored by men. The pattern used to make them brings about some level of satisfaction and therefore a person should chose wisely so that what they end up is attractive to them.
The religious necklaces take up the design of pendants but the only difference is that they are attached to some religious beliefs. There are some faiths which compel people who ascribe to it to use the necklaces. They vary depending on the type of faith because different symbol stand for different things.
This group happens to be for both men and women because the faith does not recognize a man or a woman but rather recognizes those who ascribe to such beliefs.
This is one of the simple necklace designs that many people admire. A pendant is an ornament or any material hanged on a long chain. The pendants are differentiated by the size, shape and decorations on a given pendants. There are some necklaces which come with a diamond shape while others are round. When a person goes to buy one they should consider choosing that size which is appealing to their eye.
There are chances that some will come with some writings. These have also attracted many people especially when the nature of writings that have been embedded on it is a phrase which can be admired by many people.


= \ + / the one most people would use? Because the "\ + /" constitutes a minimal description when compared to any other way in which to break up the object X. If you want to see why it is a minimal (shortest) description, try saying out loud what X is made of according to it:
X is made of two straight line segments of equal length; the first is slanted by 45°, and the second by -45°. Their midpoints coincide.
That's it. If it doesn't sound short enough, try saying out loud the first of the "abnormal" descriptions of the object in Figure 4.3, the one that sees X as "V + Λ":
X is made of two pieces: the first is made of two straight line segments of equal length, slanted by 45° and -45°, and which meet each other at their bottom-most end-point, call it a vertex; the second piece is symmetric to the first with respect to the horizontal axis, and the two pieces meet each other at their vertices.
Longer, right? Don't even try to write down the second or third "abnormal" descriptions: they're bound to be even longer.
What we do when we subconsciously find the minimal description of the structure of an object is that we automatically apply Occam's razor: we eliminate all superfluous, long "theories" about what the object is made of, and home in on the shortest one. We do this without anyone ever having told us explicitly how to do it, or why doing it. That's how our visual cognition works. If it didn't, we would have a very confused, complicated picture of the world, rather than an understanding of the structure of objects.
Minimal descriptions are not preferable only in the case of artificial drawings, such as the X of Figure 4.1. Consider the following:
Figure 4.4. What is the normal way to parse this image?
How many cheetahs are there in Figure 4.4? An unexpected ("creative"?) answer could be that there are three, or perhaps two live cheetahs: we're seeing the head and the front legs of one, the rear legs and tail of another, and the mere skin of a third which is hung like a drapery behind the tree trunks. Why is this not what we spontaneously see? Why do we never perceive such silly parsings of the world? Because in some situations it would be a matter of life or death to understand correctly what we see, to form the simplest theory ("A cheetah!") and take an appropriate action ("Grab that spear!"). Those relatives of our ancestors who couldn't apply Occam's razor did not live long enough to spread their genes — not only because of predators, of course, but generally due to their inability to parse the world correctly. Note that the term "ancestors", above, does not refer only to our human ancestors. The ability to parse the environment in a useful way and form the simplest "theory" regarding its structure is an ability rooted in much more ancient times than the human origins. Not equipped with a version of Occam's razor, any animal with rudimentary cognition might form useless "theories", such as that there is a predator lurking behind every rock and inside every crevice. A predatory animal might likewise form equally useless "theories" about food; and upon inspecting the rock or crevice, and not finding food, the animal might conclude that the food disappeared just one moment before the inspection.(7) Such behavior would cause animals to waste precious resources, a "bad idea" if survival in the natural world is at stake. Thus, quite likely, Occam's razor is as ancient as animal cognition itself.
It is interesting to note in the same context a famous visual illusion that appears often in psychology textbooks, the "Kanizsa illusion":
Figure 4.5. The Kanizsa triangle illusion, another application of the 4th principle
In Figure 4.5, a white equilateral triangle appears to exist at the very center of the figure, standing on its base side, and overlaying (occluding) another, outlined and inverted equilateral triangle, as well as three black circles centered on its vertices. This is the famous "Kanizsa triangle illusion". In reality, there is no white triangle at the center, nor are there any triangles or circles. All there is, is some "pacman-like" black figures, facing in three different directions, and some pieces of straight lines forming three angles. But if you try to give a linguistic, accurate description of what I just said, you'll find it is much longer than the one I already gave at the start of this paragraph ("a white equilateral triangle...") — try describing the direction that each angle points to, if you remain unconvinced. So we don't see pacmans and straight lines, but triangles and circles.
The above examples come from the modality of vision. But, as is well known in cognitive science, vision is at the foundation of our abstract reasoning. Examples where we employ the language of geometry to speak abstractly are a dime a dozen: "she gave a straight answer"; "at that point he decided to leave"; "the movie had a boring, flat scenario"; "it's a tough subject with a steep learning curve"; "please avoid circumlocutions, use more-or-less direct language"; "a triangular relationship among people"; "being honest, she will give you only a square answer"; "we cannot include everything in the talk, we have to cut some corners"; and so on. George Lakoff, among other linguists, made it abundantly clear that abstract thought is based on the language of geometry, which describes the world of vision. Lakoff calls these metaphors (Lakoff, 1980). Other cognitive scientists, such as Douglas Hofstadter — as was already discussed in the context of the second principle — call this ability analogy making, and claim that it rests at the core of our cognition, i.e., of what makes us human (Hofstadter, 2001).
Consequently, when we form an explanatory theory, we do nothing else but apply visual and geometric concepts at a higher, more abstract level. In geometry, a theory can be as complex as the proof of a theorem, or as simple as the parsing of a geometric figure. In the case of a proof of a theorem, mathematicians seek the shortest, simplest proof consciously, because that's what appeals best to their intuition (usually without being able to explain why their mathematical sense leads them to having this preference); whereas in the case of parsing an image, everybody prefers the minimal description of it subconsciously, because that's how we evolved to function, for reasons explained earlier. Similarly, in science, a scientific theory is preferable when it is more concise than another and lacks unnecessary complications while it explains the same corpus of data (cf. the adoption of the heliocentric theory, which replaced the needlessly complex geocentric one). But the fundamental principle is the same in all cases: apply Occam's razor to find (consciously or subconsciously) the simplest parsing, the shortest proof, the pithiest theory. William of Ockham might have expressed his celebrated "razor" in the 13th–14th century, but his razor is a fundamental principle of human cognition — and most likely even of animal cognition — since time immemorial. Without it we wouldn't understand the structure of the world.
Finally, a clarification must be made about the extent to which "minimal" is really meant in the term "minimal description". Some readers might misinterpret this to mean minimal in the mathematical sense, i.e., a description absolutely shorter than any other one. Thus they might object that such a description cannot always be found. Indeed, it has been proven that it's not always possible to discover the absolutely minimal description of a piece of information: the problem is computationally undecidable. But mathematical accuracy is usually far from being a feature of cognition, which is fluid and flexible. Thus, the term "minimal" is meant in an approximate sense, "good enough to do the job", and heuristics can always be applied to find good-enough solutions. In Phaeaco, the method used for reaching minimal descriptions for objects such as the X in Figure 2.1 is that pieces of straight lines (which are considered primitives) are followed to their maximal extent; thus, an X will be seen as consisting of a / and a \. Similarly, an A will be parsed as / plus \ plus –, rather than as an isosceles triangle with two slanted "legs". Interestingly, the above parsings are the usual ways in which people draw letters such as X and A on paper with a pen. Beyond primitives, objects are seen as consisting of known parts (retrieved from long-term memory). Non-visual information (which is beyond Phaeaco's current reach) can probably build on the visual principles and adopt them all the way to abstract thought.
Principle 5: Quantity Estimation and Comparison (Numerosity Perception)
Consider the following figure:
Figure 5.1. How many dots do you see, roughly, without counting them?
Everybody can come up with a rough estimate of the number of dots in Figure 5.1, without resorting to counting. Although estimates might vary, few people — if any — would claim they see fewer than 10 dots, or more than 50.
The ability that allows us to come up with an estimate of the quantity of discrete (countable) objects is the perception of


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Previous: Introduction Up: Chesapeake Bay Bolide Next: Location of Chesapeake Bay
In order to fully appreciate the consequences of the Chesapeake Bay impact, we need to understand what the crater is like, and how we know it is there. It is the larger of two craters recently discovered on the US East Coast by Wylie Poag and his colleagues. Both were formed 35 million years ago in the late Eocene epoch of geological time. That's about half as old as the dinosaur extinction. The crater is located approximately 200 km southeast of Washington, D.C., and is buried 300-500 meters beneath the lower part of Chesapeake Bay, its surrounding peninsulas, and the inner continental shelf of the Atlantic Ocean. There is, however, much telltale geological evidence of the impact.
The first evidence of a bolide impact on the East Coast came to light in 1983. Wylie Poag was serving as Co-Chief Scientist on the drill ship Glomar Challenger during Leg 95 of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project. At an offshore drill site 120 km east of Atlantic City, NJ, the scientific party of Leg 95 recovered a core containing sedimentary debris diagnostic of a bolide impact. This figure focuses on that discovery, and introduces some key terminology. Shown here in great exaggeration, is the Glomar Challenger drilling into the sedimentary beds that make up the seaward edge of the continental shelf. The continental shelf is represented as a stack of sedimentary beds, displayed on a seismic reflection profile. The seismic profile is a type of sea floor sonogram. The survey ship sends a series of sound waves into the sea floor. As each wave encounters the boundaries between individual beds, part of the wave is reflected back to a recording instrument. These reflections are digitized and processed by computer to produce the seismic profile. The profile shows the thickness, depth, and spatial orientation of each bed, and allows one to determine the best drill site for solving a particular geological problem. For example, we see here that the yellow bed is tilted seaward, and has been fractured. The eastern block has moved downward along the fracture plane relative to the western block. This fracture plane is called a fault. At the lower end of the drill pipe, the drill bit is located near the crest of a folded bed.
The drill bit has a hole in its center, about the diameter of a tennis ball. So as it grinds down through the sediments, a cylindrical core of sediment protrudes through that opening and up into the hollow drill pipe. From there, it can be recovered and sampled. A core from the red bed contains a 20-cm-thick layer, which includes diagnostic evidence of a bolide impact. The evidence consists of certain minerals, whose physical properties have been altered by the tremendous force of the impact shock, which can be tens of thousands of times greater than atmospheric pressure. Two of the most common alteration products are shown in the yellow circle. Tektites are millimeter-to-centimeter-size glass beads derived from sediment melted by the impact. Shocked minerals, especially quartz, show several sets of closely spaced, intersecting dark stripes when viewed microscopically. The lines represent tiny fracture planes oriented at specific angles to the main optical axis of the quartz crystal. No natural mechanism other than a bolide impact produces tektites and shocked quartz.
The sediments containing the tektite also contain fossilized remains of microorganisms (microfossils) that lived in the ocean when the tektites were deposited. These photomicrographs illustrate a variety of these microfossils (note the scale bars). The microfossils indicated that the tektite layer at Site 612 was deposited in the late Eocene epoch, 35 million years ago. This age was confirmed by determining the ratio of two isotopes of argon gas contained in the tektite glass.
The second indication of an East Coast bolide impact came three years later (1986), from cores drilled onshore in southeastern Virginia. There, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Virginia State Water Control Board were investigating the composition, thickness, and geological age of subsurface sedimentary beds and evaluating their potential as sources of fresh groundwater. They drilled four cores, two on each side of the lower bay. Let's examine some of the core from the Windmill Point and Exmore sites.
Here are parts of two different cores, cut up into two-foot sections
for ease of storage. We can call this rock material a sandy rubble
bed. Mixed within the sand are larger hand-size to person-size chunks
(clasts) of clay, limestone, and sand. The clasts in the rubble bed
change rapidly downcore in composition, size, color, and orientation.
No one had ever seen such a rubble bed before in the subsurface of
Virginia, but it is present in all four of our cores. The strangest
aspect of the bed is not visible to the naked eye, however. We didn't
discover it until we analyzed the microfossils. The upper clay bed
contained the normal stacked succession of microfossils... youngest on
top, getting progressively older downcore. But that's not the case in
the rubble bed. For example, the dark, fractured clay interval in the
Windmill Point core differs by 20 million years in age from the white
limestone below it. But the limestone is not older, as it should be;
it's 20 million years younger. And we found a random mixture of ages
among all the other clasts, too. The clasts turn out to be mainly
fragments ripped from all the surrounding sedimentary beds that
underlie southeast Virginia. Small pieces of the granitic basement are
also scattered throughout the rubble. All these fragments were mixed
together and redeposited in a layer that covers twice the area of Rhode
Island. But most important of all, the youngest microfossils in the
rubble bed are the same group of species we had seen in the tektite
layer off New Jersey. Clearly, some terrific force had torn apart the
normal horizontally stacked layers in Virginia, and scrambled them all
together, at the same time a bolide impact had deposited the tektites
off New Jersey.
This suggested a common origin for the rubble bed and the New Jersey tektite layer. So we looked for shock-altered minerals in the rubble bed. Sure enough, we found trace amounts of shocked quartz and bits of melt-rock in the rubble bed at each core site. Now we had diagnostic evidence that the rubble bed resulted from a bolide impact. But we still could not pinpoint the location of the source crater.
The final piece of the puzzle was provided in 1993 (ten years after the tektite discovery off New Jersey) by Texaco, Inc. and Exxon Exploration Co. These companies were exploring beneath Chesapeake Bay for structures that might contain oil and gas. And as part of that search, they collected a network of seismic reflection profiles in the bay. These profiles showed clearly that a huge peak-ring impact crater is buried beneath the bay and centered near the town of Cape Charles, on Virginia's eastern shore. The crater is 90 km in diameter and 1.3 km deep. It covers an area twice the size of Rhode Island, and is nearly as deep as the Grand Canyon. The rubble bed, which we now realize is an impact breccia, fills the crater and forms a thin halo around it, called an ejecta blanket. Inadvertently, we had drilled two of the core holes mentioned previously into the breccia inside the crater. The other two cores were drilled just outside the rim, into the ejecta blanket. The seismic profiles show that the breccia is much thicker than the cores indicated, however, reaching more than a kilometer.
Here is a seismic profile which shows, in cross section, the structure of the outer rim of the crater. Along the base of the profile is a prominent reflection separating the purple bed from the brown bed. The purple bed is composed of granite and granite-like rocks, which we call crystalline basement. The basement rocks are much denser than the sedimentary layers above it, and this produces the strong basement reflection. The stack of horizontal reflections to the right, between the purple and blue layers, represent the normal sedimentary beds that existed here when the bolide struck. The top of the blue bed represents the ancient sea-floor at the time of the impact. As we look to the left on this profile, however, these horizontal reflections are truncated by a series of faults, and the orderly stacking of beds is disrupted. The blue units are large blocks that have slumped off the crater's outer wall, and have slid to the left into the annular trough. We can still see some organized reflections in these blocks; some remain horizontal, but others are diagonal, indicating that the blocks have rotated. The pink breccia section is characterized by disorganized or chaotic reflections caused by the jumble of clasts it contains. On top of the breccia are horizontal reflections from the youngest beds, which accumulated during the past 35 million years since the bolide struck.
We can put all the core and seismic data together and produce a two-dimensional cross section across the entire crater. A map view at the upper right shows the location of the cross section relative to the crater outline and the core sites. Outside the crater we see a stack of gently dipping sedimentary beds lying on the granitic basement. The bolide punched a deep hole through the sediments and into the basement (the inner basin), fractured it to depths of 8 km, and raised the peak

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What is cavitation?
What do beer bottles, the mantis shrimp and propellers have in common?
They are both good way to see a phenomenon called cavitation in action.
Cavitation happens when the pressure in a liquid suddenly drops. The drop in pressure is caused by pushing a liquid quicker than it can react, leaving behind an area of low pressure often as a bubble of gas.
Full video from Slow Mo Guys
In the above example the glass bottle is hit from the top, the glass moves down faster than the water, causing air bubbles and low pressure to form at the bottom. Once the bubbles collapse a shock wave breaks the bottle of the glass.
In general, objects like propellers are designed to avoid cavitation and the damage it can cause. However there is one animal that exploits the effect. The Mantis shrimp uses a punch strong enough to cause cavitation to stun prey. It can also be used to break down kidney stones, sterilise water, or break up dirt.
The folowing links are external


Contested terrain: Historian probes Earth's polar regions
By: Linda Copman, Global Cornell
April 6, 2017
Dawn Berry is a visiting scholar in the Department of History at Cornell, and former postdoctoral fellow in foreign policy, security studies, and diplomatic history at the Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies.
How did you become interested in foreign policy relating to the Arctic and Antarctic, and why are these regions important?
I first began working on Arctic issues over a decade ago during a reading course on the Canadian Navy. I decided to do a paper on the Navy's role in the Arctic during the Second World War. While researching the subject I came across a VHS tape called "Mission Northwest Passage" about the RCMPV St. Roch, the first vessel to sail from the Pacific to the Atlantic through the Northwest Passage.
In the film, there was a 30-second clip about the American military blocking another Canadian ship, the RMS Nascopie, from obtaining a mineral in Greenland in 1940. The clip left me with a number of questions: what was the U.S. doing blocking Canadians? What did the British think about this? What was this mineral? And why Greenland?
These questions have led me to five counties, over 30 archival collections, and the highest levels of political decision-making, most significantly by the former President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Following the trail of clues amongst these archives, I have been reconstructing Roosevelt's Polar Strategy and how it came to shape current global security structures.
An examination of the history of the polar regions over time reveals them to be most geopolitically significant in moments of global crisis and war. In our current moment of climate change and global instability, we are seeing, and will continue to see, changes in the balance of global power dynamics in the polar regions.
What is the current mechanism for governing the polar regions? Who are the players and how do they assert their rights?
There isn't a single mechanism that governs the polar regions. The Antarctic is currently governed by the Antarctic Treaty System. The treaty established this region as an international zone of cooperation. It banned military activity and nuclear testing and encouraged the exchange of scientific knowledge. The treaty originally had 12 signatories, most with historical territorial claims, and it now has 53 signatories. Although the treaty does not expire there are numerous challenges to the current system of governance, including but not limited to bioprospecting, climate change, and increased tourist and NGO activities. There is also lobbying to alter current bans on mineral exploitation and oil drilling in the region, covered by the Madrid Protocol, which comes up for review in 2048.
As for the Arctic, it is subject to a complex system of local, regional, national, and international systems of governance.
How are the challenges of governance developing now that climate change is transforming the polar regions?
It is often assumed that climate change will have positive impacts on the economic opportunities in the polar regions, particularly in relation to natural resource extraction, tourism, and shipping in the Arctic. These assumptions have increased international attention and interest in the region, but the reality of the situation is much more complex.
Despite the melting ice and retreating glaciers, natural resources in the Arctic remain exceedingly difficult and costly to access, extract, and transport. These challenges are exacerbated by the fact that much of the Arctic's infrastructure is built on permafrost, and as temperatures rise, roads and buildings become unstable.
Similarly, some have pointed to increased tourism in the Arctic as a source of financial gain for the region; however, increased tourism could have significant negative impacts on the fragile environment. In addition, although climate change is causing sea ice to melt, it is also increasing the number and size of icebergs and contributing to more volatile weather patterns and increased costal erosion – all of which increase the risks associated with shipping in the far north.
Finally, in addition to coastal erosion, climate change is affecting animal migration patterns, altering hunting and fishing practices, and affecting the use of traditional means of transportation, such as dog sleds, skiing, and snowshoeing. Conservation efforts and environmental NGOs focused on Arctic wildlife preservation are increasingly coming into conflict with the rights of indigenous peoples over how best to manage wildlife populations. In extreme cases, these factors are creating climate refugees. These refugees are members of the local populations who are no longer able to sustain traditional ways of life.
All of these factors compound the already complicated picture of local, regional, national, and international governance of the regions.
What is Cornell's role in the North American Arctic?
Cornell's role in the Arctic dates back to the 19th century. Ithaca and the Cornell community provided financial, expeditionary and scientific support for polar explorer Robert Peary's numerous trips to Greenland.
Cornellians were also involved in the technological advances that made polar flight possible, including the development of airplane fuel for Richard Byrd's Antarctic flights, along with the missile defense systems and military infrastructure that stretched across the North American Arctic during the Cold War.
Cornell's contribution to Arctic science is reflected in the naming of the Cornell Glacier in Greenland, as well as at various locations on campus. Both Peary and Byrd attended services at Sage Chapel to commemorate the death of a Cornellian on one of Peary's expeditions.
Today, a multi-disciplinary team of researchers led by Dr. Matthew Pritchard (Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) has digitized historic field photographs from Cornell's expeditions to Greenland and Alaska. These images are assisting a new generation of scientists researching climate change in the high north.
Chat in the Stacks with Dawn Berry
Tuesday, April 18, 2017 at 4:30 p.m., Olin Library, 107
Berry will discuss her book, Governing the North American Arctic (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016). Buffalo Street Books will offer books for purchase and signing.
The free event is sponsored by Olin Library. Refreshments will be served.
Click here for more information.
This story also appeared on the Einaudi Center website.
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How To Kick A Soccer Ball Properly
One of the main concerns of soccer players is how to kick the soccer ball skillfully since ball control is a big part of skill development in soccer. Every player must know how to kick the ball long distance so that he is able to reach the exact point he aimed for.
The player needs to use the right part of the top of his foot to handle the ball. With this, intense practice, strength and weight soccer training will take the ball where he wants it to go.
Using The Foot Properly
Get your player barefoot and have him seated on the floor, feet planted on the floor. The knees should be within the arms. Ask him to begin by sending the ball out of the hand gently, letting it go up not more than two feet. The player's toe should be pointed.
Now have him hit the ball with the part of his foot where he ties his laces. The ball must move up straight. This movement must be repeated for the player to become accustomed to kicking the ball with the laces portion of the feet.
Now observe to see when the player is successful in kicking the soccer ball two consecutive times with the foot. When this happens and there is enough control, the player can get up.
Once standing, get the player to repeat the same action, namely, sending the ball out of his hands but this time let it go up about six feet. Now have him kick the ball with bent knee straight up.
Add A Variation
Bring in a variation by having your player follow the above exercise by introducing a bounce with each kick. The kicking height should be maintained at 6 feet. The whole idea is to learn to control the ball, not display force.
The next step after achieving the above is to get the player to kick the ball to a fellow player. Now, the ball should be struck when it is on a downward path. He should not allow the ball to go higher than his own height and kick the soccer ball it with a spin. Repeatedly practicing this will bring in control as well as power now.
The entire exercise can be done with shoes and socks on. Your player will find that it is easier to do the exercise. You will have to be patient while teaching youth soccer players how to kick a soccer ball as different players learn at different paces.


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Have you ever been offered a fancy cheese that smelled more like a used gym sock than something edible? Odor artist Sissel Tolaas and researcher Christina Agapakis took this idea and ran with it, with their project Synthetic Aesthetics. The duo used bacteria isolated from human hands, feet, noses, and armpits to generate cheese!
Many cheeses, like beer, wine, and yogurt, are the product of fermentation. Fermentation occurs when microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria convert carbohydrates such as sugar into alcohols, gasses, and acids to generate energy in the absence of oxygen. One common cheese-making type of bacterium, Lactobacillus, breaks down lactose, the primary milk sugar, to lactic acid. This results in lowering the pH of the milk, which as pointed out in a previous post, causes coagulation and solidification into cheese. The work of microorganisms in cheese also results in the creation of many other byproducts that give cheeses their unique smell, texture, and flavor profiles. For example, the bacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, generates carbon dioxide gas in the process of making swiss cheese and causes its characteristic holes. Penicillium roqueforti, which is related to the fungus that helps produce the antibiotic, penicillin, gives blue cheese it's distinct aroma and look.
Microorganisms that use fermentation are found everywhere. Tolaas and Agapakis realized that the human body shared many characteristics with the environments for creating cheese. On a hot day or before a hot date, your armpits may be just as warm and moist as an industrial cheese incubator. Furthermore, cheese-making bacteria like Lactobacillus are common inhabitants in the mammalian gut. With this information, they isolated bacteria from hands, feet, noses, and armpits and added them to whole milk to serve as starter cultures.
|Figure 2. Samples prepped for the smell survey. Participants of the survey were asked to smell the samples and provide a description of the odors they detected.|
Here are the results:
|yeast, ocean salt, sour old cheese, feet|
|sweat, big toe nail, cat feet, sweet, milky, orange juice in the fridge too long, fungus, buttery cheese, soapy, light perfume|
|Feta cheese, Turkish shop, nutty, fruity, fishy|
|cheesy feet, cow, cheese factory, old subway station, toilet cleaner|
|neutral, perfumed, industrial, synthetic, fermentation, car pollution, burning, sharp, chemical|
|neutral, sour, floral, smooth, yogurt|
|yeast, jam, feet, putrid, sour, rotten|
|Armpit-4||Enterococcus faecalis||yogurt, sour, fresh cream, butter, whey|
The cheeses displayed a diverse range of bacterial species and odors. Interestingly while some cheeses smelled like "old subway station" or "cat feet," others exuded the familiar & appetizing flavors of "yogurt," "feta cheese," and "light perfume." Furthermore, some of the bacteria isolated were common to various cheeses. For example, Enterococcus faecalis is a lactic acid bacterium found in raw milk and cheeses, like farmhouse cheddar varieties. Proteus mirabilis is related to Proteus vulgaris, which is responsible for giving surface-ripened cheeses like Limburger and Munster a strong aroma.
While these bacterial cultures may not serve as the basis of a new type of artisan cheese, Agapakis notes:
"These cheeses are scientific as well as artistic objects, challenging us to rethink our relationship with our bacteria and with our biotechnology.... The cross-over between bacteria found on cheese and on human skin offers a tantalizing hint at how our bacterial symbiotes have come to be part of our culinary cultures."
In the face of diminishing resources, we are reminded that untapped reservoirs, which may be literally under our noses, might contain hidden treasures that could change the way we generate and produce food.
- More about this project
- More about Christina Agapakis
- More about Sissel Tolaas
- More about bacteria found on the human body
- More about the basics of cheese making
- Agapakis, C. 2011. Human Cultures and Microbial Ecosystems. _URL_
- Gelsomino. R. et al. 2002. Sources of Enterococci in Farmhouse Raw-Milk Cheese. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(7): 3560-3565.
- Deetae. P. et al. 2009. Effects of Proteus vulgaris growth on the establishment of a cheese microbial community and on the production of volatile aroma compounds in a model cheese. Journal of Applied Microbiology 107(4):_PHONE_.


1. Engineering
 2. Computer Science
 3. using java...
Question: using java...
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using Java
1. Design and implement classes. (21 pts) Design a class named Person and its two subclasses named Student and Employee. Make Faculty and Staff subclasses of Employee. A person has a name, address, phone number, and email address. A student has a class status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior). Define the status as a constant. An employee has an office, salary, and date hired. Define a class named MyDate that contains the fields year, month, and day. A faculty member has office hours and a rank. A staff member has a title. Override the toString method in each class to display the class name and the persons name.
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2013, Volume 9, Issue 2
Differentiation of the body build in judo competitors of the men's Polish national team
1Department of Combat Sports, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sports, Gdańsk, Poland
Author for correspondence: Władysław Jagiełło; Department of Combat Sports, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sports, Gdańsk, Poland; email: wjagiello1[at]wp.pl
Background and Study Aim: Anthropologists' research repeated for over half a century now prove that the body build constitutes one of the elements differentiating sportsmen from persons not carrying out a systematic physical training. However, in the population of sportsmen one deals with the accumulation two factors – features of persons selected to practise a particular sport (thus with the greatest predispositions) and the results of training. The aim of the study was to properties of the body build among judo competitors of the national team compared to persons of the same population not practising professional sport.
Material and Methods: The study involved competitors from the Polish national team in men's judo (n = 14). Competitors' age 20-30 (x = 23 years), body mass 63 kg to 160 kg (x = 93.8 kg), body height 166-197 cm (x = 179.3 cm), training experience 13±4.2 years. The reference group was made up of students of Warsaw Technical University (Poland). Eighteen basic somatic features were measured. Slenderness, Rohrer's, BMI, and Manouvrier's indices were calculated. Body density, complete body fat, active tissue, overall profile of the body build and internal proportions of the body build were determined.
Results: Weight categories (with the increase in body mass, a distinct decrease in slenderness features takes place) are an important factor determining morphological differentiation of judo competitors. Proportions of features of factors analysed internally show that competitors of all weight categories are characterised by particularly strong muscles of the forearm and weak ones of the shank.
Conclusions: A selection of an appropriate technique of fight (throws, grips, feints and their combinations) to the body build and other components of the judo competitor's personality still remains an open issue. These problems must be tackled by coaches in reference to particular competitors individually.
Key words: ighting techniques, nternal proportions, perkal's method


38th Universal Periodic Review of human rights UK statement on Estonia
The United Kingdom commends Estonia's commitment to protecting human rights domestically and internationally, and welcomes the decision to withdraw the planned referendum on the definition of marriage.
The UK strongly welcomes Estonia's commitment to media freedom, and we look forward to collaborating closely ahead of the third Global Conference on Media Freedom. We are also pleased to see the continued strengthening of the Chancellor of Justice's powers to act as and fulfil the functions of a National Human Rights Institution. This is a crucial step and brings Estonia in line with international human rights norms.
We recommend Estonia:
 1. Plan to tackle potential resurgence of modern slavery routes transiting Estonia as external borders reopen and ensure a victim-focused response;
 2. Ensure an open, merit-based process when selecting national candidates for UN Treaty Body elections;
 3. Pass legislation to bring the Registered Partnership Act into force and ensure its full implementation.
Thank you.


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Bond Programs FAQ
 - What is a bond program?
 A bond is a form of a public security. When issued, bonds provide local governments with funds to finance large capital improvements. A bond program includes both the authority to issue bonds and a listing of the purposes for which the funds may be used. General (GO) bond programs require voter approval.
 - What is a capital improvement project?
 A capital improvement project is any major improvement to City facilities and/or infrastructure. Capital improvement projects typically include projects such as street construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation; the construction or renovation of City facilities, such as fire stations and libraries; and park improvements. All of the proposed projects are referred to collectively as a Capital Improvement Program. Although capital improvement projects can be very different, most require multiple years to complete, are financed over a long period of time, and require a series of work phases to complete, such as planning, design, and construction.
 - What is a proposition, and how does it relate to the bond program?
 Under state law, the City is required to divide the bond program projects so that voters can consider one type of purpose or project at the time of casting their votes. The propositions are what appear on the voters' ballots, and each proposition involves all the projects that serve the same common, overarching single purpose such as fire safety or streets and transportation. If a proposition passes, the City must use the proceeds from the sale of the bonds for the purposes stated in that approved proposition.
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 Amounts approved for one proposition cannot be assigned to another proposition, even if there are excess funds available. Expenditures must strictly conform to what was approved by voters in the election. If voters approve a bond proposition on an election ballot, the City is authorized to sell bonds up to the amount indicated in the proposition language to fund capital improvement projects that meet the public purpose of that bond proposition.
 - If part of the property tax that I pay goes to fund the debt on capital improvement projects, will the additional projects proposed in the 2019 Bond Program result in an increase to my property tax rate?
 There is no anticipated property tax rate increase associated with passage of the proposed 2019 Bond Program. The program has been structured in a way that takes into account current financial conditions, trends, and forecasts, and that is intended to allow the debt to be issued without requiring a tax rate increase. Because the issuance of General Obligation (GO) Bonds is subject to economic conditions at the time of issuance within the City – such as possible decreases in property values, reduction of tax rates, and other factors – no assurance can be given that the projected impact on property taxes can be achieved.


Synthetic Biology of RNA
RNA is a ubiquitous molecule of life that plays intimate roles in how cells function and make decisions. These same properties can be harnessed to create a new generation of engineering tools to further interrogate the properties of biology and control how cells behave. The RNA synthetic biology group aims to better understand the roles RNA plays in biology and to exploit these roles to improve how we study, diagnose, and treat infectious diseases in humans. This group is located at the Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI).
Prof Chase Beisel
RNA is a powerful medium for engineering biology. We seek to better understand the fundamental properties of this biomolecule and how it can be harnessed to improve diagnosis and treatment of human infections."
Prof Chase Beisel
Please find an overview of the current team on the HIRI page.
 - Novel COVID testing method
 CRISPR discovery from Würzburg paves the way for LEOPARD
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What is the best method for finding impulse peaks (dirac delta) in a 2d matrix.
More specifically, I would like to find the harmonic frequencies of a given image and so I need to find impulse peaks in the image absolute value DFT.
I thought of using findpeaks but there's no 2d version. I also saw earlier posts regarding finding ordinary peaks using imdilate and/or imextendedmax but those find all the peaks in a 2d matrix whereas I am only interested in impulse peaks. I am sure DSP people have a common recipe for this...
Please Help,
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Define an "impulse peak". – Oli Charlesworth Nov 21 '10 at 23:23
I'm looking for frequencies in which the Fourier Transform absolute value takes a value of a Dirac delta function at that frequency (infinity). Obviously, for a DFT you don't expect to see infinity but a major peak. Problem is how to find those peaks in 2d and how to distinguish them from normal (lower, non impulse) peaks. – smichak Nov 22 '10 at 5:28
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3 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
What you want to do is find peaks with high contrast. Thus, you need a way to identify local maxima, plus a way to measure the difference between the peak and the surrounding values. Thresholding on this difference will identify the impulse peaks for you.
Assuming your input signal is called signal
%# dilate to find, for every pixel, the maximum of its neighbors
dilationMask = ones(3);
dilationMask(5) = 0;
dilSignal = imdilate(signal, dilationMask);
%# find all peaks
%# peaks = signal > dilSignal;
%# find large peaks peaks by thresholding, i.e. you accept a peak only
%# if it's more than 'threshold' higher than its neighbors
peaks = (signal - dilSignal) > threshold;
peaks is a logical array with 1's wherever there is a good peak. You can use it to read peak heights from signal with signal(peaks), and to find coordinates using find(peaks).
share|improve this answer
OK - that's a start... but how do I choose threshold? I assume it should depend on the input signal. Is there a good method /rule of thumb for choosing it? – smichak Nov 22 '10 at 20:50
They're Dirac peaks, so the threshold is infinity :P. Joking aside, there is no single best way of choosing a threshold. You can try and run graythresh on signal-dilSignal if there are two clear peaks, one for signal and one for noise. You can also set the threshold as 3 robust standard deviations (median absolute deviation) of the signal. Maybe you can even decide on a fixed value if all your data is very consistent, and the height of the peak has an easily identifiable meaning. – Jonas Nov 22 '10 at 22:26
OK - that sounds promising... I will go with that. – smichak Nov 23 '10 at 5:53
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This paper I wrote contains Matlab source code for fast local peak detection in 2D. It works similar to imregionalmax() in Mathworks Image Processing Toolbox but allows you to specify a local neighborhood radius: bigger radius -> sparser peaks.
Since you expect sparse impulses, the nonmaxsupp_scanline() function may be suitable for you.
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The findpeaks() algorithm is pretty trivial; if an element is bigger than both its neighbours, then it is a peak. Writing a 2D version of this should be pretty simple.
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Knowing the basic terminology, and cable types, are essential for music technology literacy. Studying these terms with this simple and intuitive flashcard interface is a quick-fire way to learn.
- Simple interface to help make sense of the common technical terms associated with music technology to aid active recall of information.
- View your main flashcard deck and keep track of the cards you know by checking to "My Favourites" and "Got It" deck, to enable you to study only what is unfamiliar to you.
- Practice learning term explanations with spoken audio support.


text:
Definitions for huddler
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
hud•dleˈhʌd l(v.; n.)-dled, -dling
(v.i.)to gather or crowd together in a close mass:
They huddled around the stove to get warm.
to crouch, curl up, or draw oneself together.
to confer or consult.
(v.t.)to heap or crowd together closely.
to draw (oneself) closely together, as in crouching; nestle (often fol. by up).
to put on (clothes) with careless haste (often fol. by on).
(n.)a closely gathered group, mass, or heap.
a close gathering of football players behind the scrimmage line to hear instructions for the next play.
a conference, esp. a private one about a serious matter.
Origin of huddle:
1570–80; hud- (weak grade of root found in hide1) + -le
a member of a huddle
a person who crouches
"low huddlers against the wind"
One who huddles.
one who huddles things together

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Laboratory of potential fields modelling
Software: Oasis Montaj package by Geometrics, the proprietary software for gravity and magnetic data processing and interpretation
Oasis montaj package provides effective import, review, analysis, interpretation, modelling and sharing of geophysical, geochemical and geological data. It includes tools for planning geophysical survey, aero and marine measurements. It has the full ability to reduce and process gravimetric and magnetic data. It enables automatic calculation of source parameters from gravity and magnetic anomalies. It allows to determine the depth of anomaly source using Werner's deconvolution, analytical signal and Euler's extended deconvolution. It contains a package of one-dimensional filters and statistical tools such as Fourier FFT filtration, differential filtration, Fraser Laplace's low and high pass filters. It also includes a package of two-dimensional wavenumber filters for calculating, among others, N-th vertical and horizontal derivative, up and down continuation, map of apparent magnetic susceptibility from magnetic data and apparent density from gravity data, calculation of regional and residual fields. This package allows for visualization and interpretation of geological data from boreholes. It enables the creation of two-dimensional geological models based on geophysical and borehole data, e. g. the creation of gravity models based on seismic data and the possibility of time-deep conversion, simultaneous gravity and magnetic modelling of the same geological model, the possibility of limiting the variability of the model using geological and borehole data. It also provides the possibility of creating three-dimensional geological models as a set of surfaces of any si


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Before the video game, before television, the marble-take-marble world of commies, steelies, aggies and glassies kept children hunkered in the dirt and out of trouble. Marbles games like potsies and chasies flourished in many a Depression era schoolyard nationwide.
S.C Dyke & Co of Akron, OH manufactured the first mass-market marbles in the United States, beginning in 1884. Made of clay and sometimes called "commies," these were manufactured until the end of World War I. While not always perfectly round or colorful, the commie was inexpensive. In response to the growing popularity of marbles, manufacturers began experimenting with making marbles from other materials. In time, porcelain and glass were used to make marbles of different colors and patterns.
The price for the newer porcelain marbles was substantially more than the older commies – about 90 cents for 1000 vs. about 20 cents for 1000.
With the glass marble's rise to predominance, America truly became the marble-making capital of the world. By the first half of the twentieth century, great names like M.F. Christensen, Christensen Agate, Akro, Peltier, Alley, Champion, and Marble King began to work their wizardry in glass.
Marble King is today one of only two companies—along with Parkersburg, W.Va.-based JABO Inc.—that still make marbles in the United States. Jabo, founded in the 1980s, is a relative newcomer, but Marble King is the last of the old-time marble companies, with deep roots in West Virginia's glass manufacturing world.
In 1932, Lawrence Alley started the Alley Agate Company at Pennsboro, WV. These years of the Great Depression were not easy times to start a business, even though the seasoned Alley had started four glass manufacturing companies by that point in his career. B. J. Hazelbaker, who worked for the company, remembered times when Mr. Alley placed cardboard in his shoes to cover the holes in the soles.
It wasn't long before the local power company was unable to supply Alley Agate with enough electrical power, so Alley put in a gas generator to meet the company's power needs.
Lawrence Alley, Jr. started working for his father in 1935 in Pennsboro. The following year, the elder Alley purchased the building formerly used by Gilligan Glass Company in St. Marys, which was at the time being used by a local grower to pack apples; the plant was a partnership between father and son.
By 1937, they were making 750,000 marbles a day, with four machines running full time, and that July expected to ship five railroad carloads. The next year they were making 2 million a day. In January 1939 Alley Agate was described in the local paper as the largest marble manufacturer in the world.
During the peak of the marble demand in the 1940s Alley Agate was running at full capacity of 2.6 million marbles a day. During one 6 month period they shipped 14 million Chinese checker marbles. The Chinese checkers game was very big at that time, and a large percentage of the marbles went into the games.
Alley Agate's primary customer for marbles and "Chiquita" toy dishes was the Jack Pressman Toy Company.
"My cousin, Frank Sellers, talked with a woman who had been Mr. Alley's secretary in the early years in Pennsboro," observes Lawrence E. Alley III. "She was an old lady by then. She would open the mail and only give Mr. Alley the important pieces.
"In the mail one day was a letter from Jack Pressman, whom they did not know. She almost threw it out, but decided it might be important and passed it on to Mr. Alley. Pressman became their primary customer with many millions of marbles going into his Chinese checkers."
In 1947 the company name was changed to Alley Glass and Manufacturing Company. This reflected the wider product line, which included toy dishes, small glass animals and electrical insulators.
"Maybe it was just a joke," says Lawrence E. Alley III, "but the reason my dad told me was that they got tired of people thinking their name was Mr. Alley Agate."
In 1949 Lawrence Alley, Sr. retired, and that July the company was sold to a new glass manufacturer then being put together by Berry Pink and Sellers Peltier. Pink had worked as a glass salesman for Alley in 1931-32 at the former's Lawrence Glass Novelty Company, of Paden City, WV. Peltier Glass had been manufacturing and selling marbles under the Marble King header since the 1930s, but by 1949, Pink was selling more marbles than Peltier could produce.
Berry Pink, who traveled throughout the country hosting marble tournaments and giving away several marbles at each stop, eventually had become known as "The Marble King." That's how the company got its name. It went into production in December 1949, with Pink holding the majority of shares.
In January of 1958 a fire destroyed Marble King's St. Marys-based factory. Roger Howdyshell, who managed the facility, moved the company to Paden City, where it still remains today. Howdyshell led Marble King to the forefront when he manufactured the first American made Cat's Eye marbles.
Lawrence Alley, Sr. was actually responsible for bringing the method of making the cat's eye to this country. "He sent some of his people to Japan to buy a Cat's eye machine," explains Lawrence E. Alley III. "They could not come to an agreement over the price of the machine. But, in the process of negotiations they learned how to make the cat's eye."


text:
Normal 3 D vision works because our left eye has a slightly different view of the world from our right eye.
3 D glasses typically have the left-hand optic covered in red and the right hand-optic covered in blue. The 3-D material – a picture or a single frame of a film – has two images printed, one in red and one in blue. When we view this image through the glasses our left eye mainly sees the image printed in red and our right eye mainly sees the image printed in blue. Our brain interprets the differences between the different images as being due to differences n perspective and reconstructs a 3-D view of the scene.


Posts Tagged 'better living'
Obese Primates
February 22, 2011
from The New York Times
Update: The following post is very rant-like, my apologies. The research on monkeys upsets me. Do we have to do this to these creatures who can't make choices to prove that not getting outside and moving one's body and eating poorly can be deleterious to health? I'm glad we have medical interventions that can help. I also wish that we all could observe a better social ethic around living healthily. Seeing monkeys and humans lose the graciousness of their being in this way makes me ache. There is no other way to say it.
* * *
This article in the NYTimes described obesity research being conducted on primates. Why does reading about primates confined to cages, eating bad foods as they gain pound after pound, tear me apart more than my knowledge of all the people who live this way? So many people get out of bed, trudge to work, eat donuts/muffins/bagel with coffee on the go, sit or stand all day enclosed in a small space, snack to forestall boredom and fatigue, eat unhealthy take-out lunch, then sit, stand and snack some more until its time to go home and watch TV (and snack). Are we any different than those poor research primates, save the fact that no one is studying us? (more…)
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text:
Travel Brochure of the Body Systems
Students work in teams to design and produce luxury tours through the Human Body Systems. By creating an eye-catching brochure, students must highlight the trendy spots, the exciting activities, and the imports and exports of the areas. They must also discreetly mention any possible dangers or special precautions that tourists might encounter in visiting these systems. Students' world body tour should include visits to the following systems: (1) Digestive, (2) Respiratory, (3) Skeletal, (4) Muscle, (5) Nervous, (6) Excretory, (7) Circulatory, and (8) Immune.
9, 10, 11, 12
Biological And Life Sciences, Process Skills
National Health Museum


Joined: Feb 2019
Editorial »
AstronistInstitution Advanced Editor
The Astronist Institution is the founding denomination of Astronism established by Cometan during his authorship of the Omnidoxy in what is known now as the Founding era. The Astronist Institution developed as a result of the institutionalisation of Astronism, to protect and preserve the religious philosophy and spirituality of Cometan's founding. The Astronist Institution works to promote Astronism and recognise it around the world in addition to that of the Astronic religious tradition. The Astronist Institution self-identifies as a religio-philosophical institution with sole proprietorship over Astronism.
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Spaciologythe academic discipline dealing with the study of space exploration, its likelihood, social and political impacts, and its physiological and economic implications.
Taylorianrelating to the Taylorian family, founded and headed by Cometan.
Philosophershipthe fact or quality of being known as a philosopher, and the personal and professional journey involved.
kincenythe practice of a parent forcing their offspring to adopt the same religious affiliation as themselves rather than allowing their children to make their own choice of religion.
Vennisinisationfrom Astronist terminology, the utilisation of a planet for reasons other than habitation such as for resource extractions.
Astrotheisman alternative title for Astronism, particularly focusing on the aspect of Astronism that incorporates theological elements and ideas in the context of the astronomical world.
astronomisman alternative name for the religion, philosophy and ideology of Astronism.
Spacisman Astronist-lead social movement aiming to achieve deep space exploration and civilisation on the basis that such endeavours are central to humanity's evolutionary destiny.
astro-pertaining to Astronism or to Astronists.
Astronalitythe quality of being concerned with the domain of outer space and how this has influenced beliefs, ideas, and worldviews since the Stone Age to form the basis of the Astronic tradition of religion and philosophy.
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May 10-August 4, 2019
Design by Time is the first exhibition to identify and bring together works from known and emerging designers, in the U.S. and abroad, whose interest is in expressing the notion of the dynamic passage of time and how it can be expressed by a variety of design objects including textiles, carpets, ceramics, lighting fixtures, vessels, clocks, and furniture.
Twenty-two studios and designers whose work is presented in this exhibition partner with natural markers of time's passage such as seasons and growth cycles. Chemistry and physical forces, such as magnetism, crystallization, tides, and the orbiting sun also provide evidence of passing time. With Time Writers, for instance, the artist group Edhv affixes pencils to a thin slice of ancient wood excavated in nearby forests. As the wood reacts to the ambient temperature and humidity, so different from its former underground resting place, it moves, nudging the pencils to draw. More sculpture than tool for drawing, these creature-like constructions are animated by passing time and altered conditions. Mark Struckenboom immerses a found chandelier in a fluid laced with minerals that cause the growth of crystals, creating an encrusted relic-like object that seems to have survived from some other time. Nadia-Anne Ricketts, innovator behind BeatWoven, uses specially developed audio technologies to translate the sounds and rhythms of music into pixels; music becomes pattern that is then woven into fabric. The two panels included in the exhibition represent two very different types of music, providing a visual contrast that correlates to the audio sources: one, David Bowie, the other, classical. Sebastian Brajkovic's startling furniture/sculpture appears to have been stretched across time instead of excavated, pulled from Louis XV's France into the present day. Its swooping curved extended back and seat visualize the dynamism of time. Taking it one step further, the intricate silk-embroidered upholstery transforms from a staid floral to a contemporary barcode-like pattern to indicate the literal stretching of time.
Where the shape and form of most designed objects is intended to communicate their physical presence, the creation of objects that express the dynamic passage of time offers a counterpoint, a visual expression of life itself.
Design by Time is organized by the Department of Exhibitions, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York, and is curated by Ginger Gregg Duggan and Judith Hoos Fox of c2 curatorsquared.
Located at Knoxville Museum of Art
May 10-August 4


text:
Aims & Learning Objectives:
To introduce students to the design processes by taking a requirement through to a prototype device. To give students a basic understanding of a wide range of both analogue and digital control system design techniques.After completing this unit, students should be able to: write a design specification for a product; carry out a top-down systematic design; identify and specify interface requirements for sub-systems; design forward path and feedback path analogue control systems; design unity feedback discrete time digital controllers; demonstrate an appreciation of how assumptions about the system model can affect the effectiveness of the design solution.
Product design: Preparation of specifications; definition of systems and sub-systems.Reliability methods: FMEA, FTA, reliability estimating.Design exercise: Working in groups to produce a prototype of a small system using electronics for monitoring, control, measurement and signal processing.Control design techniques: system modelling for controller design; graphical design methods for analogue control systems; discrete time controller design methods. Hardware & Software design issues.


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Newer materials are being developed every day for diversified applications and to meet the consumer demand for improved performance. It is true even for the basic human needs of food and clothing. Food has to be nutritious and free from harmful substances such as heavy metals and pesticides. Similarly, textiles today not only meet the basic human need for clothing and fulfill various quality parameters but are also expected to have various functional characteristics such as anti bacterial, flame retardant, UV protective etc. The latter is achieved by application of various functional finishes and dyes to the fabrics using various auxiliaries and finishing agents in the process. At the same time, textile industries need to adopt environment friendly processing and fulfill various eco parameters in view of the concern for the environment and safety of the textile users. Spectroscopy and chromatography are the two modern techniques which prove to be very helpful in study and characterization of materials. Various forms of spectroscopy such as UVVisible Spectroscopy, FTIR, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) are powerful tools in characterization of any materials. Chromatography on the other hand is a separation tool where compounds of interest present in a complex matrix are separated and then identified and characterized. A thorough knowledge of these methods is very much important for the personnel working in the industry, researchers and students. This unique training programme on spectroscopic and chromatographic methods for material characterization has been designed by CIRCOT for the benefit of industry personnel as well as researchers to provide them hands on training and to acquaint them with the basics of these techniques and their applications.
- To acquaint the trainees about basic and advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic methods for the characterization of materials including textiles.
- To demonstrate and to provide hands on training on various analytical techniques.
- An overview of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques used in characterization of materials
- UV-Visible spectroscopy and its application
- Concept of colour, colour coordinates, colour difference and its measurement using reflectance spectrophotometer
- Application of FTIR spectroscopy for chemical group characterization
- UV transmittance measurement and its use in determination of UPF
- Atomic absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for analysis of heavy metals
- Introduction to chromatographic techniques
- Basics of HPLC, its operation and applications
- GC-MS and its application in material characterisation
- UV – Visible spectrophotometer
- Computerised Color Matching System
- UPF analyzer
- Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
- Gas Chromatograph (GC)
- Gas ChromatographMass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS)
Nov 13- 16, 2017


Myocardial and skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise in humans
Jukka Kemppainen, Toshihiko Fujimoto, Kari K. Kalliokoski, Tapio Viljanen, Pirjo Nuutila, Juhani Knuuti
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
90 Citations (Scopus)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on myocardial glucose uptake and whether the pattern of glucose uptake is the same as in skeletal muscle. Glucose uptake was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([1F]FDG). Twelve healthy men were studied during rest, while 14 subjects were studied after 35 min of bicycle exercise corresponding to 30, 55 and 75 % of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2,max) on three separate days. [18F]FDG was injected 10 min after the start of exercise and exercise continued for a further 25 min. Myocardial and skeletal muscle PET scanning was commenced directly after the completion of the exercise bout. As compared to the resting state, exercise doubled myocardial glucose uptake at the 30 % (P = 0.056) and 55 % intensity levels (P < 0.05), while at the 75 % intensity level glucose uptake was reduced significantly compared to the lower exercise intensities. There was no significant difference between the highest intensity level and the resting state (P = 0.18). At rest and during low-intensity exercise, myocardial glucose uptake was inversely associated with circulating levels of free fatty acids. However, during higher exercise intensities when plasma lactate concentrations increased significantly, this association disappeared. In contrast to myocardial responses, skeletal muscle glucose uptake rose in parallel with exercise intensity from rest to 30 % and then 55 % VO2,max (P < 0.001) and tended to increase further at the intensity of 75 % VO2,max (P = 0.065).In conclusion, these results demonstrate that myocardial glucose uptake is increased during mildand moderate-intensity exercise, but is decreased during high-intensity exercise. This finding suggests that the increased myocardial energy that is needed during high-intensity exercise is supplied by substrates other than glucose.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)403-412
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Physiology
Issue number2
Publication statusPublished - 2002 Jul 15
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Physiology
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4 Tips for Avoiding Accidental Fire Sprinkler Activations
Unfortunately, not all causes of activation are completely accidental.
Four Tips To Avoid Accidental Fire Sprinkler Activations
Preparing for a potential fire in your Neosho, MO, building is highly important. One aspect of this is installing and maintaining a system of fire sprinklers. Unfortunately, if this isn't done properly, you could experience an accidental activation. The resulting moisture from it may cause water damage. Unfortunately, many people are unsure about how to conduct preventative sprinkler maintenance.
1. Keep the Heads Away From Heat
One of the most basic ways to activate a fire sprinkler is by placing it next to a heat source. Since sprinklers rely on heat to determine when water should be released, this is bound to backfire. Here are some things to avoid:
2. Disallow Nearby Items
If a fire sprinkler is jostled in some way, it may be activated. Therefore, it's important to prevent any items from getting too close. If there's tall furniture or stacks nearby, try to place each one away from the heads. Don't let anyone use the sprinkler or its protection to hang decorations, either.
3. Conduct Inspections
Unless this is your field of expertise, you won't be able to conduct sprinkler maintenance on your own. Having a professional come in to test your system is an excellent step to take. Make sure that the worker checks the state of your pipes. A corrosion or leak could cause substantial water damage.
4. Install Guards
Unfortunately, not all causes of activation are completely accidental. If your building experiences any vandalism, the destruction may cause the fire sprinklers to be triggered. In order to prevent this activation, you can try installing guards over the heads.
Fire sprinkler systems involve substantial amounts of water, so activating one is likely to cause damage. In order to avoid this, try to conduct regular sprinkler maintenance. If damage does occur, remember to call a water damage repair company, as well as your insurance providers.
A Restoration Company Is A Lifeline When Water Damage Occurs
Working with a water restoration company benefits all sides.
Three Reasons The Service Assists Everyone
Tending to water damage isn't easy. The process takes time and a great deal of patience and effort. Commercial owners in Webb City, MO, must focus on fixing the property and communicating with the insurance adjuster. Going back and forth for approval can be hard on both parties, ensuring that requests are adequately supported and formatted. This may slow down project completion and create quite a headache. However, working with a water restoration company benefits all sides, allowing a team of experts to act as the intermediary, creating efficiency and accuracy.
1. They Understand Insurance Demands
Property owners know their business. They may not understand insurance language or laws. When it comes to filing for services, there may be a disconnect in filling out paperwork or completing the process. Preferred vendors such as SERVPRO, take over the task of communicating. The electronic claims system permits their specialists to follow protocols that match insurance demands and numbers. This reduces confusion and speeds up approvals.
2. They Mitigate Secondary Damage
An insurance adjuster wants to minimize the property's harm, reducing overhead costs. Owners don't always know how to do just that. Lingering water damage leads to mold growth and structural rot, only escalating the amount of work required to restore the premises. A restoration crew responds immediately to calls. Employees are on the property within 24 hours to investigate the concern and lesson devastation.
3. They Document and Clean
To secure an insurance claim, provide sufficient evidence to adjusters. What does that mean? Remediation experts know. From the start, they begin testing air quality and moisture levels. They photograph impacted materials and personal belongings. Also, they assist in creating inventory lists, taking all of this off of the owner's plates. It's done to meet insurer needs and in a timely fashion.
The insurance adjuster must have the right information before claims are processed. Without it, emails may go back and forth, seeking corrections and additional data. Restoration businesses work for both parties to collect and information correctly.
3 Places Mold Can Hide in Your Commercial Building
If you own a building with wallpaper, fungi may be lurking behind it.
Places Where Mold Can Hide
Mold can damage your Carthage, MO, commercial building and cause long-term issues, including an unpleasant mold smell. This odor can make your employees and customers uncomfortable, and in some cases, the mold itself may not be visible. There are several places fungi can hide, and calling in a professional mitigation and removal team can help you pinpoint the source of the odor.
1. HVAC Ducts
If your heating, ventilation and air conditioning ducts have leaks or do not operate correctly due to age, this can cause moisture to enter the ductwork, where mold can take hold and grow unchecked. Most types of fungi do not require sunlight to grow and spread, and as the mold eats, it releases a waste product called mycotoxins, which creates the fungus smell. Having your ductwork checked can uncover the source of the odor.
2. Under Carpet Padding
Even a minor flood can cause mold to grow, and if your building experienced a flood, incomplete cleanup may cause mold to grow under carpeting and beneath the padding. Dining room carpeting in a restaurant or in an office may be hiding mold, which can cause a musty mildew smell that is both persistent and unpleasant. Your mitigation technicians may have to remove the carpeting and padding to resolve the issue.
3. Behind Wallpaper
If you own a building with wallpaper, fungi may be lurking behind it and causing a mold smell you cannot pinpoint by sight. Your technicians may use thermal imaging equipment, such as cameras, to find sources of moisture and mold growth. Depending on the severity of the damage, you may have to replace the wallpaper in the affected areas.
An unpleasant mold smell inside your Carthage, MO, commercial building can make your employees and customers uncomfortable. Because fungi can hide in a variety of places, calling in a professional removal team can ensure that the mold and its accompanying odor is completely eradicated.
Are You Ready For Severe Weather?
SERVPRO of Carthage/Joplin are water removal specialists.
Severe weather has already touched parts of Joplin, MO this spring. SERVPRO of Carthage-Joplin wants you to be safe so we wanted to share some severe weather preparedness tips.
Weather Radios: Weather radios are the most reliable way to receive notifications of severe weather. Many of us rely on television or radio updates in the event of severe weather. More and more people depend on their cellular phones these days and get updates as well from weather apps, personalities on social media, or wireless emergency alerts (WEA's). All those are great but have their limitation during severe weather. TV and radio broadcasts can be interrupted. Mobile devices rely on towers and those towers can be damaged and cease to function during severe weather. A weather radio, WITH CHARGED BATTERIES is the most reliable way to be informed of severe weather. Be sure to properly program your weather radio so you only receive the alerts you want for the counties you want.
Emergency Supply Kit: Having an emergency kit can be a life saver. Most emergency management agencies recommend supplies for up to three days. The following is a list you can use as a guideline:
- Water – 1 gallon per person per day
- Food – non-perishable
- Manual can opener
- Battery operated radio, preferably a weather radio
- Extra batteries for radio and flashlight
- First Aid kit
- Whistle to signal help
- Clothing, blankets
- Dust mask or bandanas
- Plastic sheeting, garbage bags, and duct tape
- Wrench or other tools to shit off utilities
- Hygiene items
- Important documents. (Copy of insurance policy, bank account info, identification, etc.)
- Fire extinguisher
- Matches in waterproof case
Make family plan: Make sure all in the home knows where to go in the event of severe weather. If for some reason the family is separated in the event of a severe storm, have a meeting place established as to aid in finding each other amidst devastation.
Next week will discuss being prepared as a business with our Emergency Preparedness Program.
Act Fast to Avoid Mold Growth
One of the biggest stresses when people in Carthage, MO face a water intrusion is the possibility of mold growth. Many believe a flood automatically means the triggering of mold. While the possibility of mold growth can develop after a water damage, it's not a certainty.
Most species of mold need 72 hours to begin growth. That is plenty of time for a professional mitigation contractor like SERVPRO of Carthage/Joplin to begin the drying process. Drying the structure in a timely fashion is the best way to reduce the chances of mold growth. In fact, the vast majority of water damages we mitigate in a timely manner never have issues with mold. That's why a fast reaction is important.
Drying surfaces is just half the battle. If moisture remains in the air inside your home or business mold could develop. Any atmosphere over 60% relative humidity can contribute to mold growth. Use of a professional mitigation contractor will insure a full dry out of the surfaces.
Did You Watch?
Did you watch the 2020 SERVPRO First Responder Bowl? If you didn't you missed a great game between #19 Louisiana-Lafayette and the University of Texas-San Antonio. The Ragin Cajuns knocked off the Roadrunners of UTSA 31-24 at Gerald Ford Stadium in Dallas. SERVPRO of Carthage/Joplin is proud to be a small part


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Tumour markers are substances found in the blood that indicate the possible presence of a malignancy. The best known and researched tumour markers are availabale for ovarian cancer.
CA125 is a marker that is produced by mesothelial cells from the peritoneum (inner skin of the abdomen), the pleura and the pericardium. It is expressed in 80% of all patients with ovarian cancer. Unfortunately it is not as accurate as clinicians wanted it to be: It is false negative in approx 33% of all patients with (early) stage 1 ovarian cancer. It is also false positive (elevated) in a large number of benign gynaecological and non-gynaecological conditions (endometriosis, benign tumours, arthritis, etc). Therefore the differentiation between an ovarian cancer and other conditions based on CA125 is difficult.
Recently we publsihed our results on CA125 in uterine cancer. If CA125 was elevated, there was a significantly incraesed possibility that tumour spread outside the uterus is found at surgery.
CEA and CA19.9 are tumour markers indicating the presence of bowel or pancreatic cancer or mucinous subtypes of ovarian tumours.
HE4 is a novel tumour marker that has been introduced in Australia only recently. It could complement CA125 and diagnose early stage ovarian cancers that are negative for CA125. The greatest use of HE4 is to exclude ovarian cancer in eldery and multi-morbid women who we can spare surgical exploration. For more detailed information on HE4 click here.
Beta HCG is a most accurate tumour marker for Gestational Trophoblast Disease.
I use tumour markers to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Often tumour markers are used in combination with high-quality medical imaging (ultrasound) to avoid unnecessary surgery, especially in medically impaired women. Currently, I do not use tumour markers for ovarian cancer screening because of a lack of evidence. CA125 also plays a role to select patients who require treatment for ovarian cancer.


Tuesday, February 27, 2007
Charles Anthony Brigade retrained: LTTE planning major assault in jaffna
The Charles Anthony brigade, which is one of the oldest and a highly trained infantry units of the LTTE, has been recalled to Wanni for a sudden training exercise. It was deployed in the forward defence lines in Muhamalai and Kilali to prevent a possible military offensive into the LTTE held region.
Charles Anthony brigade is the main fighting formation of the LTTE. Military intelligence sources reveal that increased forced recruitments and this sudden military training exercises are indications that LTTE is planning a major offensive into the Army held Jaffna peninsula while the military is focus is on the eastern province. Increased LTTE violence in Vavuniya is speculated to be a diversionary tactic as well.
Related information
The LTTE launched a similar major offensive to capture Jaffna town in last August. Waves of LTTE fighters attacked the army FDLs at Muhamalai and Kilali. At the same time LTTE shelled Palaly military base and Trincomalee naval base, effectively cutting all supply routes to the northern peninsula. During the first day, the LTTE had advanced 800m into army held area, overruning 15 bunkers. Foreign military analysts and media agents were counting down to witness the surrendering of 40000 troopes trapped in the peninsula. However with an unexpected twist, army's elite 53rd division attacked the advancing tigers in three directions, boxing them in to the very same area they though they conquered. When the first and second waves failed, LTTE tried to land reinforcement through the Kilali lagoon. Susei (Codename Oska Sera)'s sea tiger units attempted an amphibious assault on Kilali defence lines but the landing party was met by a deadly MBRL rocket strike directed as per intelligence information. Meanwhile LTTE was sending infantry units to enagage the 53rd division units head on but they were unable to penetrate the FDL. The LTTE units who were engaged in the offensive were repeatedly asking for permission to withdraw (intercepted communication) but the LTTE command was determined to continue the offensive. By the next day, more than 350 bodies of fallen tigers were scattered in front of the defence lines. It's reported that more than 500 LTTE members died on this offensive and an equal number were injured. The army regained lost ground and after several weeks, advanced one 1km into rebel held area and captured LTTE's first bunker line.
1 comment:
 1. DN
 In your postings u mentioned, LTTE were failed to break the SLA's defence lines but LTTE have successfully landed in Mandativu and and destroyed the base and capture some weapons and the withdraw from there....
 If they are able to land in Mandativu and capture its not hard to get in to the Jafna town or Jafna fortress...they can easily come in to the town by using the PANNAI Bridge..


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Along the northern bank of the Tagus River lies this large stone monument celebrating Portugal's Age of Discovery and sitting on the location that ships bound for Asia used to depart from in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was constructed for the Portuguese World Fair in 1940, inaugurated in 1960 upon the anniversary of Henry the Navigator's death, and has been a Cultural Center of Discovery since 1985. The monument depicts 33 sculpted historical figures including explorers, monarchs, artists and missionaries, all led by Henry the Navigator at the front. The figures are spread along both sides of a ship, intentionally looking forward and facing the sea.
Outside of viewing the monument itself, there is a large marble wind rose embedded in the pavement containing a world map that illustrates the locations of Portugal's various explorations. There is also a museum with exhibition rooms in the monument, with panoramic views of Lisbon and the Tagus River from its rooftop.


Honors Program
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I apply to the Honors Program?
Students are typically selected into the program as part of the admissions process. Selection is based on high school curriculum, rigor and GPA. The Office of Admissions will notify students of selection into the program. First-year students may be selected into the program over winter break based on their academic performance during their first semester.
I was accepted to Emmanuel College, but I'm not sure if I was accepted to the Honors Program. How can I find out?
You can contact the Office of Admissions at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
What are the benefits of the program?
The Honors Program offers you an exceptional educational experience. You will enjoy small, interactive classes with outstanding professors who are passionate about teaching talented students and value the close interactions they have with honors students. You will become a member of a community of highly-motivated students who wish to excel in reading and writing-intensive classes.
Honors classes fulfill general requirements and appear with the prefix HONOR on your transcript. Honors students have free access to engaging co-curricular events, such as theatre performances, the Boston Symphony and a trip to the United Nations in New York.
Other benefits include the opportunity to receive funding for travel, research and creative activities. You will also have the opportunity to work with professors on research projects and as instructional assistants. You will be able to take on leadership roles through peer mentoring and organizing co-curricular events.
Do honors students receive an additional scholarship?
Honors students do not receive an additional scholarship. The program offers a Research and Creative Activities Award for research and creative endeavors. Honors students compete for this award. Honors students have also been awarded prestigious scholarships and fellowships such as the Fulbright Fellowship.
Does the Honors Program have any special housing arrangements?
There are no special housing arrangements for honors students. Honors students become part of an active intellectual community by taking honors courses and participating in co-curricular events.
I am a transfer student. Can I apply to the Honors Program?
As a high-achieving student, you can apply by June 1 after your freshman year at Emmanuel with permission from your academic advisor and the Honors Program director.
I am a current student at Emmanuel. Can I take honors courses?
Yes, if you're a high-achieving student and there is space left in the honors class you're interested in. However, students currently in the program have priority access to honors courses. If you're a current student at Emmanuel and are interested in taking an honors class, please contact the program director, Dr. Katrin Križ at _EMAIL_ for further information.
Does tuition increase if I become part of the Honors Program?
No, tuition remains the same regardless of your participation in the program.
How many students are there in the program?
There are approximately 70 students in the program.
When do students typically start the program?
Students typically enter the program in their first or second semester at Emmanuel.
What are the program requirements?
To successfully complete the program, you are required to take five honors courses, one "Honors Experience" and achieve Distinction in the Field in your senior year. The Honors Experience can include a study abroad experience or the opportunity to work as a research assistant or as an instructional assistant with a professor. You are required to maintain a GPA of 3.3 to stay in the program.
Do I need to take any additional classes as an Honors student?
You do not need to take any additional classes, because all honors classes fulfill a General Academic Requirement. Your academic advisor and the Honors Program director will help you integrate your honors classes into your four-year academic plan.


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Cigarettes as radioactive as x-rays
Peering through the propaganda smokescreen, Dr Karl finds out why smoking cigarettes can be as radioactive as a daily x-ray.
When I was a medical doctor in the hospital system, every now and then I needed to get a chest x-ray on a patient who was also a cigarette smoker.
Quite often, they would get nervous about the potential radiation damage from a chest x-ray. But when I told them that two packets of cigarettes gave them the same radiation dose as a chest x-ray, they would not believe me.
This raises two questions. First, how did a radioactive metal get into their cigarettes? And second, why did they not believe me?
Every year, we humans smoke about six trillion cigarettes, enough to make a chain that would easily reach from the Earth to the Sun, and back, and then do the whole trip again, just for good measure.
By 2020, cigarettes will be killing about 10 million people each year. They have already knocked off 100 million people in the 20th century, and if we don't come to our senses, they could kill one billion in the 21st century.
The radioactive metal in cigarettes is polonium-210. It was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie. It is extremely toxic (about 250-million-times more toxic than cyanide) and is naturally present in uranium.
Developed countries use fertiliser that is manufactured from apatite rock, and this rock naturally contains uranium which then decays to radioactive polonium-210, which enters the tobacco plant through both the leaves and roots.
When the cigarette burns, it reaches temperatures of 600–800°C, hotter than the melting point of polonium.
The liquefied polonium sticks to tiny particles in the cigarette smoke, and then preferentially lands at locations in your airways and lungs, where one pipe splits into two pipes.
Polonium-210 has a very short half-life of 138 days. It is intensely radioactive, and sprays alpha particles on to the surrounding tissues.
Now, most people would be definitely worried if you suggested that they have a chest x-ray every day for the rest of their lives. But some of these people quite happily smoke, sometimes up to two packets of cigarettes every day.
Cigarette smoke is already loaded with various chemicals that are well-known to cause cancer. It's estimated that the radiation dose from the polonium-210 in cigarettes accounts for about two per cent of cigarette deaths. That is several thousand deaths each year in the USA alone.
It was first discovered that cigarettes contained radioactive polonium about half a century ago. So how come it's not general knowledge?
The answer is simple. Big Tobacco has done an excellent cover-up job for the last half century.
Once they realised that there was radioactive polonium in tobacco, they started their own internal — and very secret — research program. They even came up with ways to drastically reduce the amount of polonium in cigarette smoke.
At one giant tobacco company, RJ Reynolds, a memo was sent, and it read, referring to the radioactive polonium, "removal of these materials would have no commercial advantage".
But there was another reason why they wanted to keep their research secret. At the Phillip Morris tobacco company in 1978, a scientist, Paul Eichorn, wrote a memo to his boss, Robert Seligman, the then vice-president of research and development at Philip Morris.
Eichorn wrote, referring to research on polonium, "it has the potential of waking and sleeping giant. The subject is rumbling, and I doubt we should provide facts."
But the big tobacco companies had yet another reason for not publishing their research. They were following their infamous motto of 'doubt is our product'.
So any tiny variation in the research done by scientists outside the tobacco industry was spun into the spurious claim that even the experts don't really know what makes smoking harmful.
Big Tobacco's internal research showed that polonium was harmful, but to quote an internal Philip Morris document from 1982, so long as they kept their research quiet, any suggestion of a link between polonium-210 and lung cancers is "spurious and unsubstantiated".
Perhaps Big Tobacco should get some of their own internal research x-rayed, so they can see through their own smoke screen.
Published 13 March 2012
© 2016 Karl S. Kruszelnicki Pty Ltd