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10 books recommended for summer reading
Serials Librarian and
Continuing a series that began in 2008, Judith Stokes reviews selected books from Adams Library's Browsing Collection. In April, she reviewed the 10 books of fiction that have been borrowed most frequently (as of spring 2012). In May, she examined the 10 most popular nonfiction books. This month, she will assess 10 of her favorites.
We hope you enjoy reading these informative descriptions, and perhaps some of these titles will find their way onto your personal reading list.
1. "The Buddha in the Attic" by Julie Otsuka, written in the tersely poetic style of her first novel, When the Emperor Was Divine, follows Japanese "picture brides" who came to America, or were sent here, on the strength of a long distance proposal, a handsome photograph, and the reputation of America, itself, where so many prospered and wives did not have to walk three steps behind their husbands. From "Come, Japanese!" to the "Last Day" before internment, we are among them, as they discover the handsome photograph was twenty years old when he sent it, or the romantic letter was written by another man. We are with them as they labor and serve, and as they give birth to children who will grow to be ashamed of them and their old country ways, but will return home to help them pack, and will accompany them to the concentration camps where issei and nissei, immigrants and citizens alike, were accused, imprisoned, humiliated throughout World War II.
2. "The Surrendered" by Chang-Rae Lee ranges across three continents and half a century, following a few of war's refugees. Orphans and missionaries, neither as innocent or selfless as they might wish, being damaged by the inhumanity around them, survive or not. June, a Korean orphan, turns from death and destruction to survival for its own sake, building a life of safety and prosperity without caring. Hector, an American soldier, despairs, questioning everything, his own survival most of all, but still cares.
3. "Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption" by Laura Hillenbrand is the action-packed biography of Louis Zamparini, Olympic track star, second lieutenant, Air Force pilot, and one of only three survivors of a plane crash in the Pacific Ocean. Lost at sea, he and two others survived in inflatable rafts longer than anyone had until then, but even that was only prelude to two and a half years in Japanese prison camps where execution, hard labor, torture and starvation were routine. Red Cross rations were appropriated by prison administrators, never reaching the prisoners, and inspections of the camps were staged affairs. We know that Louis was alive and well at the time the book was written, but not how he found food and clear water enough to survive in a raft under the burning sun and above, but only barely so, the relentlessly prowling sharks. How he was rescued, dealt with PTSD and alcoholism after the war, and all the rest of the story makes this an irresistible tale of courage and adventure.
4. "State of Wonder: A Novel" by Ann Patchett is aptly titled for its effect on the reader. Not that it is less than believable, as fantastic as this trip turns out to be. Leaving the crisp clear air of Minnesota, Dr. Marina Singh flies to the Amazonian tropics to locate the research site where her colleague has died of an unnamed fever, to retrieve his effects, and to report back on the research project their employer, an American pharmaceutical company, is funding. Even before her departure, the side effects of an anti-malaria drug have her coping with sleep deprivation and the disturbing visions of her nightmares, but our heroine is more resilient than she seems, and the surreal jungle adventure ahead of her will be more fascinating than we could have imagined.
5. "The Marriage Plot: A Novel" by Jeffrey Eugenides is named for Madeleine's thesis topic and, unsurprisingly, the fate of her love triangle. Three Brown University seniors: Madeleine, the beautiful, romantic, and wealthy English major; Mitchell, the thoughtful, scholarly, and philosophical Religious Studies major; and Leonard, the mercurial, brilliant Don Juan of a biologist graduate into the early 1980's recession, hard times nearly like our own, with 10 percent unemployment and even the best and brightest worried about getting a good start in life. For Madeleine to discover there is an academic vocation in Victorian literature, and that she has the intellect and the resources to pursue it is not the point. Her love for Leonard, Mitchell's love for her, and their coming of age, their 20th century young adulthood is the marriage plot.
6. "Foreign Bodies" by Cynthia Ozick evokes Henry James' "The Ambassadors." In the role of the middle-aged New England Protestant Louis Lambert Strether of 1903, is the long-divorced Jewish American school teacher, Beatrice Nachtigall, now Miss Nightingale in 1952. The boy who has attached himself to an older woman in Paris is her nephew, Julian, and the juxtaposition of American innocence and European experience is made flesh in the person of Lili, an underfed Romanian widow displaced by World War II. Julian's European escape frees him from his father's domination and worldly ambition. What Bea discovers in Paris is not an illicit affair, but Julian's secret marriage to his beloved Lili. Julian's sister, Iris, decides on her own to go find her brother and have her own fling. Aunt Bea, the official "ambassador" was dispatched by their father, Marvin Nachtigall, a rich and pushy Jew, who had parleyed his East Coast Ivy League education into sufficient respectability to achieve marriage with Margaret, daughter of a wealthy New England Protestant family, and settle in booming Los Angeles. Julian's "disappearance" has so upset Margaret that Marvin has had her confined in the Suite Eyre Rest Home in Beverly Hills. Displaced persons, indeed!
7. "The Tiger's Wife" by Tea Obreht weaves tales of a beloved grandfather with a quest to uncover the mysterious circumstances of his death. Ever shifting Balkan boundaries, wars, fear, and folklore inspire this web of magical realism. The quest is loosely structured and characters seem to be visited rather than developed. Like her grandfather, Natalia is a doctor, and his stories of "the deathless man" challenge their science, while the tale of the tiger's wife, arising from the actual escape of zoo animals during the World War II bombing of the Belgrade zoo, bridges the bond between grandfather and grandchild. Her childhood memories of their visits to the zoo, and later, during the Balkan wars, their participation in nighttime vigils around the zoo to bear witness to the fate of the animals, and the worn copy of "The Jungle Book" he carried with him everywhere, send Natalia to the remote mountain village where he grew up and the tale of the tiger and the woman they called the tiger's wife is told.
8. "The Poisoner's Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York" by Deborah Blum has it all: murders, speakeasies, corruption, pollution, mysteries galore, science and biography. Following the careers of two dedicated civil servants gives the book its narrative form, while this fascinating chronicle of poisons, from Chloroform (CHCI3) 1915 to Thallium (TI) 1935-36, traces a history of scientific advancement. The pathologist, Charles Norris, first chief medical examiner of New York City, had to wait until a drunken city coroner lost his sinecure before he could begin his campaign to bring forensic science to bear on the cause of justice. By hiring toxicologist, Alexander Gettler, he formed a partnership that revolutionized police work and helped to supply the evidence that brought about the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, not to mention the proliferation of Law and Orders and CSIs on television today.
9. The Grand Design by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow is more than just quantum physics for dummies, addressing as it does the big questions: "Why is there something rather than nothing? Why do we exist? Why this particular set of laws and not some other?" in contemporary multiverse terms. They make a good case for a grand design without a godly designer. Those of us who are pleased to take the mathematics on faith will marvel at this clear and concise account of the theories that collectively contribute to our understanding of our world.
10. When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to Present by Gail Collins draws from the popular press, politics, and interviews, an engaging history of second wave feminism. From "My Little Margie" to the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, Gail Collins, the first female editorial page editor for the New York Times, considers it all – the fashions, freedoms, families, politics and economics of American women's lives during the past 50 years.


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"Anthology of Menominee Sayings" is the result of seven years of field work (conducted during the 1980's) with about half a dozen speakers of one of Wisconsin's indigenous Algonquian languages. The anthology, consisting of some 450 short pieces of Menominee oral tradition, contains weather rules, conventions and taboos surrounding hunting and fishing, wisdom on the conduct of life, and omens predicting good or ill. The texts, therefore, tell of the community's interest in the contour of life from its inception to its preservation and eventual demise. Each text is accompanied by an English translation and, where necessary, explanatory linguistic and cultural notes.
The notes take Bloomfield's grammatical description and lexicon of Menominee as a point of comparison, and indicate phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic departures from the state of the language as described by him. The text is useful to students of culture, folklore, Native American studies, as well as historical and descriptive linguistics. The volume concludes with a short descriptive grammar focusing on phonology, morphology and syntax.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Follow our four-point plan of attack to trace your roots in Spain, Portugal and the Basque region.
Since ancient times, the Iberian peninsula—encompassing Spain, Portugal, and the long-contested Basque country—has been coveted and conquered by the Romans, Germanic tribes, Arabs, Holy Roman Empire and Napoleon. For genealogists today, tracing your ancestry in the Iberian region is a conquest with its own challenges: language barriers, decentralized records, lagging digitization and state takeovers of church registers, among others.
But those obstacles aren't insurmountable—technological weapons can help you break down language barriers, records access is gradually improving, and the reward for tackling Spanish, Portuguese or Basque records likely will be well worth the struggle: The area's church and notarial records in particular are some of the world's richest genealogical treasures. Follow these four steps for your own successful assault on the formidable peninsula.


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Figurative Language Lessons
Johnny Appleseed • Information Links
Figurative Language • Online Resources
Ohio Instructional Management System
"Descriptive Language and Theme – Grade Three"
- Students tune their ears to listen for and appreciate descriptive language within texts. They identify and synthesize description and consider how it shows, supports or enhances an author's intended message.
"Visions of Poetry – Grade Four"
- See, feel, hear and experience mood! This lesson offers students an opportunity to internalize the meaning of mood and its expression in a variety of different media.
"The Right Mood – Grade Six"
- In this integrated lesson, students compare how the three disciplines of music, art and literature create mood. They use this information to produce a piece of descriptive writing based on a piece of art or music selected to evoke a particular mood. While the concept of mood is introduced to students in the fourth grade, it remains a challenging concept for many. This lesson helps make the concept come alive at the same time it requires students to take a more advanced look at the meaning of mood.
Ohio Resource Center • Reading
- Scroll to the box that says "I know the ORC resource I want to see," enter the ORC Lesson number, and click "View Resource".
"I Have a Metaphor" ORC Lesson #2674, Grades 4 - 7
- Topics: Reading – Reading-Strategies & Skills; Reading; Literature; Nonfiction
- Professional Commentary: Many teachers integrate the speeches of Martin Luther King Jr. into their classroom instruction.
"Figurative Language Awards Ceremony" ORC Lesson #2799, Grades 4 - 5
- Topics: Reading – Vocabulary; Children's Literature; Reading; Writing; Writing Strategies; Communication; Speaking; Literature
- Professional Commentary: Using their knowledge of figurative language, students complete activities to identify examples of similes, metaphors, and personification heard during read aloud. Students compile a list of phrases, then nominate and vote on the best terms.
"Lift Every Voice and Sing" ORC Lesson #4540, Grades 5 - 7
- Topics: Reading -- Vocabulary; Literature; Poetry
- Professional Commentary: How does a poem or a song express feelings and meanings? Using the book Color Me Dark and a poem by James Weldon Johnson entitled "Lift Every Voice and Sing", this lesson explores the use of figurative language and imagery. Students explore the origins of the poem and come to understand how it conveys a sense of hope and unity despite hardship.
Other Online Resources
Alice in Wonderland
"Pictures in Words: Poems of Tennyson and Noyes," Grades 6-8
"Figurative Language Lesson Plans & Activities"
- "Hyperbole" by Celine Ellison
Similes and Metaphors
- "Poetry: Simile and Figurative Language," Grades 3-4
- Interactive Simile Practice
- "Lonely as a Cloud: Using Poetry to Understand Similes"
- Includes links to poems that have similes such as "Willow and Ginkgo" by Eve Merriam, "A Red, Red Rose" by Robert Burns, "spring is like a perhaps hand" by E.E. Cummings, "Lost" by Carl Sandburg, "People Who Must" by Carl Sandburg, "Since Hannah Moved Away" by Judith Viorst, and "The Daffodils" by William Wordsworth
- "A Simile and Metaphor Sample Lesson Plan for Teaching Similes and Metaphors," Grades 5-12
- "Writing: Similes and Metaphors"
- "The Bilingual Students: Understanding Language Imagery" by Ruth M. Wilson
- Proteacher.net Discussion Threads
- "Creating Original Characters, Themes, and Visual Metaphors for Your Digital Short Film"

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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PhD Candidate in Civil/Geotechnical Engineering at University of Texas at Austin, USA
Risk management process to deal with natural hazards (e.g. storm, landslide, earthquake, etc.) involves decision making to find an optimal loss-mitigation approach. A good, representative decision analysis process relies on reasonably capturing all possible scenarios that would happen in a natural hazard event and assessing the probabilities. This requirement for the evaluation of possible scenarios exists while there are multiple sources of uncertainties in such a problem and our knowledge of extreme events is limited. In our research, we showed that using the historical data and extending past knowledge to predict a future event is not completely applicable and reliable. Thus, it is important to consider the possibility of irrelevancy of historical data to the problem. The research shows that to consider extreme and rare events, it is required to use a non-informative prior probability in the Bayesian analysis. Such non-informative prior probability distribution is obtained by maximizing the entropy of possible events, which maximize the lack of information. This presentation discusses the motivation of our research to develop a new decision-based framework in order to reasonably capture sources of uncertainties in the natural hazard risk management decision analysis.
Azadeh Mostofi is a PhD Candidate (soon to graduate) in Civil/Geotechnical
Engineering at University of Texas at Austin. She has done her PhD research on risk assessment and management of landslides by introducing a new probability theory. She holds a M.S. in Civil Engineering/Marine Structures Engineering from University of Tehran and a B.S. in Civil Engineering from K.N.Toosi University of Technology. She plans to continue her career in the area of Risk Management of Natural Hazards.


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Save the Children and Oxfam released a joint report today entitled "A Dangerous Delay: The Cost of Late Response to Early Warnings in the 2011 Drought in the Horn of Africa". The report argues that early warning systems performed, but decision makers did not respond to them. In an interview Justin Forsyth the head of Save the Children UK likened the situation to an alarm bell that had a very delayed effect. A lot of people were harmed by the delayed response and the cost of dealing with hunger and malnutrition was much higher than if it had been addressed earlier.
So why the delay? Using Forsyth's analogy, either policymakers did not hear the alarm, did not trust it, or although hearing and believing the alarm, they simply could not respond to it quickly enough. The report makes some good recommendations about amplifying the alarm (via the media and building up capacity of those to communicate the significance of the alarm up the decision chain). It also makes good recommendations about helping people respond to it more quickly once they believe it (emergency response funds, insurance, greater joint programming between development and humanitarian groups).
The one area that the report is relatively silent on is whether the policymakers believe the signals. The report focuses on the case where the signals were right and outlines the cost of ignoring them, but policymakers might argue: what about the costs of acting when the signals were wrong?
As researchers, we should be analysing, ex post, the frequency with which the early warning signals get it right. If we can attach a probability to the predictive power of the signals, then when the next signal goes off policymakers can better assess the risks of responding to a non crisis against the risks of responding late to an emerging crisis. In other words, how often will the signal get it right?
It's not pretty, but I would not be surprised if this is the kind of calculation that is often made.


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Characterising the diversity of smallholder farming systems and their constraints and opportunities for innovation: a case study from the northern region, Ghana
Review statusPeer Review
MetadataShow full item record
Kuivanen, K.S., Alvarez, S., Michalscheck, M., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Descheemaeker, K., Mellon-Bedi, S. and Groot, J.C. (2016). Characterising the diversity of smallholder farming systems and their constraints and opportunities for innovation: a case study from the northern region, Ghana. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 78, 153-166
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Typologies may be used as tools for dealing with farming system heterogeneity. This is achieved by classifying farms into groups that have common characteristics, i.e. farm types, which can support the implementation of a more tailored approach to agricultural development. This article explored patterns of farming system diversity through the classification of 70 smallholder farm households in two districts (Savelugu-Nanton and Tolon-Kumbungu) of Ghana's Northern Region. Based on 2013 survey data, the typology was constructed using the multivariate statistical techniques of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Results proposed six farm types, stratified on the basis of household, labour, land use, livestock and income variables, explaining the structural and functional differences between farming systems. Types 1 and 2 were characterized by relatively high levels of resource endowment and oriented towards non-farm activities and crop sales respectively. Types 3 and 4 were moderately resource-endowed with income derived primarily from on-farm activities. Types 5 and 6 were resource constrained, with production oriented towards subsistence. The most salient differences among farm types concerned herd size (largest for Type 1), degree of legume integration (largest for Types 2–4), household size and hired labour (smallest household size for Types 4 and 6, and largest proportion of hired labour for Type 4), degree of diversification into off/non-farm activities (highest for Type 1 and lowest for Type 5) and severity of resource constraints (Type 6 was most constrained with a small farm area and herd comprised mainly of poultry). It was found that livelihood strategies reflected the distinctive characteristics of farm households; with poorly-endowed types restricted to a 'survival strategy' and more affluent types free to pursue a 'development strategy'. This study clearly demonstrates that using the established typology as a practical framework allows identification of type-specific farm household opportunities and constraints for the targeting of agricultural interventions and innovations, which will be further analysed in the research-for-development project. We conclude that a more flexible approach to typology construction, for example through the incorporation of farmer perspectives, might provide further context and insight into the causes, consequences and negotiation of farm diversity.
Article In Press


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The Bell on display under the Trinity College gazebo on the site of the original Trinity College and High School was made by the Henry McShane & Co. Bell Foundry of Baltimore, MD, in 1879.
The Bell and the Gothic style papyrus-leaf columns that the gazebo stands upon are the only surviving Trinity College artifacts in Trinity. Both appear to date to the post-Civil War renovation and expansion of the original 1855 brick Trinity College building.
The photo above, from the Duke University Archives, shows the building from the south in 1861, with President Braxton Craven and the all-male student body posing in their new role as commander and cadet corps of the "Trinity Guard." The three-story brick building appears similar to any of the five cotton mills built on Deep River from _PHONE_, and in fact the college building was the focal point of Trinity in exactly the same manner as the factory was the raison-d'etre of any mill village. One major difference is that the windows of the college are much larger than the windows in any factory.
Organizing the home guard unit was Craven's last-ditch effort to keep his student body from enlisting in the army en mass; during the war, however, he and the students were put on active duty guarding the Confederate prisoner of war camp at the former Salisbury Cotton Mill.
The 1855 college building was expanded between _PHONE_ with a large wing that fronted the road which is now NC62. The new wing set at a cross-angle to the 1855, so that the whole made a T-plan. The new wing contained classrooms and a chapel; the balcony of the chapel was supported by the papyrus columns which were re-used in the 1924 Trinity High School building.
The 1874 college building's pointed windows and door openings gave it a vague Gothic Revival style which was popular for educational buildings and would be carried to its pinnacle in North Carolina in the 1924 West Campus at Duke University in Durham.
My favorite picture of Trinity College is the only one that shows the campus and grounds, a drawing on the cover of an 1883 commencement program. Whether this garden actually existed is unclear (the photo above only shows a field or wild flower meadow), the 1883 drawing shows a lively Victorian knot garden, with extensive flower beds and gravel walks.
When Trinity College was moved to Durham in 1892, the old college buildings were turned into a private college preparatory school, which became a public school in the early 20th century. In 1924 a special school tax district was established in Trinity and a new elementary school and high school building was built on the site of the college. That was in turn torn down in 1981, and the historic site is now a parking lot. The gazebo is squeezed between NC 62 and the fence around the lot.


425 Market Street
Setting new precedents for high-rise stair retrofits at 425 Market Street.
The seismic retrofit of two existing, 40-story egress staircases within a massive high-rise required great care in design and sequencing to keep the occupied building safe during construction. Holmes Structures' retrofit paired with Holmes Fire's safety strategy kept the egress staircases fully operational throughout construction.
Our solution set a precedent for mitigating existing stair vulnerabilities in a vast portfolio of buildings by achieving the following:
 1. Accommodated inter-story drifts as expected from the Non-Linear Response History Analysis (NLRHA), without damage or collapse of stairs.
 2. Minimized disturbance to tenants of the fully occupied building.
 3. Kept egress undisturbed through coordination with the San Francisco Fire Department.
 4. Kept stairwells operational 24/7 during construction.
 5. Resulted in significant cost savings and delivered the project ahead of schedule.
Retrofit Design
The existing stairs consisted of top and bottom stringers rigidly attached at the floor levels, and an intermediate landing suspended from the existing floor framing. Holmes Structures' retrofit left top and bottom connections undisturbed to avoid shoring the stringer runs and interrupting the path of egress. Earthquake-induced movement at the intermediate landing was accommodated by cutting the landing in half and re-supporting it on low friction pads and support framing. The support framing attached to extensions of the existing suspended rods, eliminating the need for shoring entirely. The built-in shoring was designed so that saw cutting of the landing could be halted in the middle of construction if emergency egress was necessary.
An onsite mock-up of the retrofit was conducted for a single landing at each stairwell. The mock-ups exposed unforeseen conditions such as the extents and locations of abatement including asbestos-containing materials, sheetrock, fireproofing and lead paint. Lessons learned from the mock-up saved $500,000 USD and delivered the project ahead of schedule.
Egress Strategy
Holmes Fire worked closely with the city Fire Marshall to obtain approval for a complex sequencing plan, allowing the pressurized egress stairs to remain operational in case of emergency. At no point could the fire stair be closed during office hours; Holmes Fire extensively collaborated with Holmes Structures and the contractor to accommodate the movement of extensive construction equipment and labor teams from landing to landing.
In high-rise buildings, pressurized stairs are typically enclosed to prevent smoke spread across levels. However, in the case of 425 Market, the retrofit solution and abatement measures required punching holes in the stairwell walls, which changed the airflow and consequentially the prospective smoke spread. Holmes Fire devised a sequenced sealing-off of the stair shafts in combination with fans to meet functional smoke control requirements.


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Chinese faces, the opposite was true [female faces: 2(2) = 2.58, = 0.276; male faces: 2(2) = 8.87, = 0.012]. Moreover, in Caucasian faces, Gender only affected reaction time to upset faces [upset: 2(1) = 11.44, = 0.001; smiling: 2(1) = 0.59, = 0.442; neutral: 2(1) = 0.03, = 0.872], whereas in Chinese faces, Gender affected reaction time no matter Emotion [upset: 2(1) = 25.90, < 0.001; smiling: 2(1) = 7.46, = 0.029; neutral: 2(1) = 5.16, = 0.023]. The impairing effect of an upset expression on female face categorization was clearest within the relatively easy Caucasian faces, while a converse facilitating effect on male face categorization was most obvious for the relatively difficult Chinese faces. The effect of Gender was largest for the hard Chinese faces. The upset expression increased reaction instances for Caucasian female faces (Number?(Figure2A)2A) and conversely reduced them for Chinese male faces (Figure?(Figure2D2D). Level of sensitivity and male biasA repeated actions CCNE2 ANOVA showed a significant Race-by-Emotion effect on both d (Table?(Table2)2) and male-bias (Table?(Table33). Table 2 ANOVA of d-prime for adult gender categorization. Table 3 ANOVA of male-bias for adult gender categorization. Level of sensitivity was greatly reduced in Chinese faces (2 = 0.38, i.e., a large effect), replicating the other-race effect for gender categorization (O'Toole et al., 1996). Upset expressions reduced level of sensitivity in Caucasian but not Chinese faces (Numbers 3A,B). Male bias was high overall, also replicating the getting by O'Toole et al. (1996). Here, in addition, we found that (1) the male bias was significantly enhanced for Chinese faces (2 = 0.35, another large effect), and (2) angry expressions also enhanced the male bias, as expected, in Caucasian and Chinese faces (2 = 0.17, a moderate effect)although to a lesser degree in the second option (Numbers 3C,D)..
Purpose To undertake mutation testing in the connexin 46 (showed the presence of a novel, heterozygous C260T switch in one family (CC-472) who had two affected users. 15 genes have been identified as becoming involved in the pathogenesis of various forms of congenital and developmental cataracts. The eye lens, an avascular organ, is highly dependent on intercellular communication for volume rules and metabolic homeostasis. This is achieved by cell-to-cell communication via space junctions, which are encoded from the connexin genes. These space junctions facilitate the exchange of ions, metabolites, signaling molecules, and other molecules that have a molecular excess weight up to 1 1 kDa between adjacent cells. In humans, more than 20 genes coding connexins of varying molecular mass ranging between 25-62 kDa have been identified. Three of these, connexin 43, 55481-88-4 IC50 connexin 46, and connexin 50, are indicated in the lens. Mutations in either connexin 46 or in connexin 50 have so far been linked with congenital cataract [9,10]. The aim of present study was to identify the mutations in the connexin 46 ((GenBank "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text":"NM_021954″,"term_id":"115392136″,"term_text":"NM_021954″NM_021954), located at 13q11 and consisting of a single coding exon encoding 435 amino acids, was sequenced using previously published primer sequences. Genomic DNA from two affected and one unaffected individual from each family were amplified. PCR and sequencing reactions were performed following conditions detailed elsewhere [12,13]. Electrophoresis of purified sequencing reaction products was performed on 5% urea-polyacrylamide 55481-88-4 IC50 gel on ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), and data was analyzed using sequence analysis software version 3.4.1 (Applied Biosystems). Restriction endonuclease analysis The DNA fragment harboring the mutation was amplified for both affected and unaffected family members, and PCR products were digested with revelaed a novel heterozygous C>T transition (Number 2A) at position 260 (c. 260C>T) in the affected individuals of CC-472 family. It is this transition that led to the alternative of highly conserved threonine with methionine at codon 87 (Thr87Met). This substitution produced a novel and additional dominantly inherited mutations reported in different connexins, this mutation also results in improper association of connexins and alters the function of endogenous wild-type connexins in the affected individuals in a dominating negative way. Number 4 A multiple sequence positioning of amino acid sequences of connexin 46 in different species and in different human alpha-connexins. Positioning data show that threonine is definitely highly conserved in different varieties (A) and in different human alpha-connexins … Problems in the connexin 46 and connexin 50 genes have been reported to cause cataract in mice. Point mutations A47C and V64A in the connexin 50 gene have been reported to result, respectively, in nuclear opacities (mutations share genotype-phenotype similarities to some extent, but they also show some variations with respect to the appearance and location of opacities within the lens. At this point, 12 mutations in have been reported to be associated with autosomal-dominant congenital cataract in humans including different domains of connexin 46 polypeptide (Table 1). Most of the cataract phenotypes linked with mutations in the are of nuclear or zonular pulverulent types. The phenotype observed in present study (CC-472 family) is different in its appearance from the earlier reported types (Table 1) as it appears like pearls inside a package (Number 1B,C). The variations in the morphologies of cataract phenotypes associated with mutations in the in different families may be attributed to the action 55481-88-4 IC50 of modifier 55481-88-4 IC50 genes or environmental factors that could affect the manifestation of the connexin 46 gene and hence producing cataract types. Table 1 Reported mutations in associated with different congenital cataract phenotypes in different families. In summary, we describe a novel heterozygous T87M mutation in the connexin 46 polypeptide associated with "pearl package" cataract. On the basis of observed phenotypic as well as genotypic variability as compared to previously published reports, the present study further expands the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of congenital NSHC cataract. Acknowledgements We say thanks to the individuals and.
Gastric cancer (GC) is normally a major reason behind global cancer mortality. sizes had been purified with Geneclean Package (Bio 101, Inc., La Jolla, Calif.). Ten l of PCR items were digested using the limitation enzyme,TaqI(New Britain BioLabs, Beverly, Mass.). PCR-DHPLC and DNA sequencing evaluation DHPLC (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography) evaluation was performed as defined 16, 17. PCR items displaying aberrant PCR-RFLP banding patterns and exhibiting unusual elution top in DHPLC had been put through sequencing evaluation. RT-PCR assays Five g of total RNA from each test was employed for cDNA synthesis, using the MMLV and arbitrary primers (Oligo dT). Two g of reverse-transcription item was utilized as layouts to amplify particular fragment of in music group density. Tissues microarray structure and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluation Tissues microarrays were built as defined previously 18. An affinity purified goat polyclonal antibody < 0.05 was considered significant statistically. To investigate the relationship between T889C mutation and sufferers' response to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, we likened progression-free period and overall success period of the sufferers who received similar anticancer medications, at the same pathological stage when diagnosed initially. Regarding surgical functions, sufferers included because of this scholarly research will need to have received comprehensive surgery from the tumor, with detrimental pathologic margin, and with the caveat from the anatomical located area of the tumor and the health of the patients. MI-773 IC50 The amount of operative resection was evaluated with a central overview of operative reviews, and preand post-operative imaging. When the full total outcomes of scans and operative reviews differed, the amount of operative resection was evaluated predicated on the outcomes of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sufferers with among the pursuing two conditions had been excluded: 1. underwent unsuccessful surgical treatments (for example, anastomotic leakage


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But it appears walnuts may help the body deal with stress and reduce blood pressure too. According to research, those with high levels of bad cholesterol had lower blood pressure in stressful situations when they had been on a diet rich in walnuts for three weeks.
For the study, participants were asked to give a three-minute speech or immerse one foot in cold water - both of which are triggers for stress. Those with walnut in their diets had lower blood pressure, said Professor Sheila West, from Penn State university.
'This is the first study to show that walnuts reduce blood pressure during stress. People who show an exaggerated biological response to stress are at higher risk of heart disease.' The team used three diets - one without nuts, one with walnuts and walnut oil and a third with walnuts and flaxseed oil.
Adding flax oil did not affect blood pressure, but did help create an anti-inflammatory effect in arteries. This could reduce the risk of heart disease, the researchers say. After each diet, the 22 subjects were asked to take the speech and cold-water stress tests. Average diastolic blood pressure - the 'bottom number' which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting - was significantly reduced for those on diets containing walnuts and walnut oil.
Professor West, whose research was published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, added: 'These results are in agreement with several recent studies showing that walnuts can reduce cholesterol and blood pressure.
'This work suggests that blood pressure is also reduced when a person is exposed to stress in their daily life.' Omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in walnuts, are known to help reduce lowdensity lipoproteins - known as bad cholesterol - and so lower the risk of heart disease. 'Stress in daily life'
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Discrimination in Places of Public Accommodations
The Act makes it illegal for a place of public accommodation to discriminate because of an individual's race, color, religion, national origin, ancestry, sex, or disability, including:
- Refusing to provide service;
- Being inaccessible to a person with a disability;
- Setting different terms or conditions for services or facilities;
- Failing to reasonably accommodate an individual's disability to allow him/her to use and enjoy the place of accommodation;
- Failing to provide, or providing inadequate, disabled parking spaces;
- Failing to provide an accessible public restroom; and
- Failing to provide an accessible entrance.
Follow this link to see the accessibility requirements for places of public accommodations - _URL_
If you believe that you have been discriminated against in a place of public accommodation, you can file a complaint of discrimination.
IMPORTANT: All persons covered by the Fair Housing section of the Act are required to post notices to all their tenants, customers, etc., advising them of their rights under the Act and their right to be free from retaliation. Such notices must be accessible, as needed, to persons with visual or other disabilities that affect reading. These posters are available for printing.


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Definitions for Bowboʊ
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
to bend the knee or body or incline the head, as in reverence, submission, or salutation.
to yield; submit:
to bow to the inevitable.
to bend or curve downward; stoop:
The pines bowed low.
(v.t.)to bend or incline (the knee, body, or head) in worship, submission, respect, civility, etc.
to cause to submit; subdue; crush.
to cause to stoop or incline.
to express by a bow:
to bow one's thanks.
to usher (someone) with a bow:
They were bowed in by the footman.
to cause to bend; make curved or crooked.
bow out, to withdraw by choice, as from a task; retire.
Category: Verb Phrase
(n.)an inclination of the head or body in salutation, assent, thanks, reverence, submission, etc.
Idioms for bow:
bow and scrape,to be excessively polite or deferential.
Origin of bow:
bef. 900; ME bowen (v.), OE būgan; c. D buigen
a flexible strip of wood or other material, bent by a string stretched between its ends, for shooting arrows.
a bend or curve.
a readily loosened knot for joining the ends of a ribbon or string, having two projecting loops.
Category: Navy, Textiles
a loop or gathering of ribbon, paper, etc., used as a decoration.
a flexible rod having horsehairs stretched from end to end, used for playing a musical instrument of the viol or violin families.
Category: Music and Dance
something curved or arc-shaped.
an archer; bowman.
Ref: temple2 (def. 2). 1 2 3
aU-shaped piece for placing under an animal's neck to hold a yoke.
(adj.)curved outward at the center; bent:
(v.i.)to bend into the form of a bow; curve.
to perform with a bow on a stringed instrument.
Category: Music and Dance
Origin of bow:
bef. 1000; ME bowe (n.), OE boga
the forward end of a vessel or airship.
Category: Aeronautics, Nautical, Navy
the foremost oar in rowing a boat.
(adj.)of or pertaining to the bow of a ship.
Category: Nautical, Navy
Origin of bow:
1620–30; < LG boog (n.) or D boeg or Dan bov; see bough
a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces
a slightly curved piece of resilient wood with taut horsehair strands; used in playing certain stringed instruments
bow, fore, prow, stem(noun)
front part of a vessel or aircraft
"he pointed the bow of the boat toward the finish line"
a weapon for shooting arrows, composed of a curved piece of resilient wood with a taut cord to propel the arrow
something curved in shape
bow, bowing, obeisance(noun)
bending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting
bow, curtain call(noun)
an appearance by actors or performers at the end of the concert or play in order to acknowledge the applause of the audience
a decorative interlacing of ribbons
a stroke with a curved piece of wood with taut horsehair strands that is used in playing stringed instruments
bow, bow down(verb)
bend one's knee or body, or lower one's head
"He bowed before the King"; "She bowed her head in shame"
submit, bow, defer, accede, give in(verb)
yield to another's wish or opinion
"The government bowed to the military pressure"
bend the head or the upper part of the body in a gesture of respect or greeting
"He bowed before the King"
crouch, stoop, bend, bow(verb)
bend one's back forward from the waist on down
"he crouched down"; "She bowed before the Queen"; "The young man stooped to pick up the girl's purse"
play on a string instrument with a bow
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
a knot with loops
to tie a bow
an object used for playing the violin
***He pulled the bow across the strings.
a weapon for shooting arrows
***a bow and arrow
to bend forward to show respect or thanks
to bow to the audience
to look down or to bend the head down
He bowed his head in shame.
the act of bending forward
***to take a bow
the front of a ship
***a boy fishing from the bow
The front of a boat or ship.
Origin: From bugan, from beuganan. Cognate with Dutch buigen, German biegen.
to cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved
to exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline
to bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension
to cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,;/ to crush; to subdue
to express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks
to bend; to curve
to bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; -- often with down
to incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow
an inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility
anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow
a weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled
an ornamental knot, with projecting loops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string
the U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke
an appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument
any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters
a rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea
two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree
to play (music) with a bow
to manage the bow
the bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow
one who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar
Translations for Bow
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
a springy curved rod bent by a string, by which arrows are shot.
- arcoPortuguese (BR)
- der BogenGerman
- bue; flitsbueDanish
- (šaujamais) loks; stopsLatvian
- 弓Chinese (Trad.)
- cái cungVietnamese
- 弓Chinese (Simp.)
Get even more translations for Bow »


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Resisting the Tide
Cultures of Opposition Under Berlusconi (2001-06)
Resisting the Tide by Daniele Albertazzi
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Edited by members of the Department of Italian Studies at the University of Birmingham, and bringing together academics in Britain, Ireland, the US and Italy, this volume takes an international perspective on Italian events. It investigates how resistance to the new conservative culture has been articulated, and how this has been expressed and explained by those involved.
The volume is divided into four areas: 1. The Economic and Media Landscapes, which sets the scene for the rest of the book by explaining how Italian society, and particularly its media environment, have developed in recent years; 2. Political Challenges, which discusses the main threats to the authority and policies of Berlusconi coming from within his own centre-right coalition, the left and social movements; 3. Texts, which analyses films, internet sites, television programmes, novels, newspaper articles and theatre performances that sought to resist increasingly dominant conservative norms and/or respond to events set in motion by the Berlusconi governments; 4.Experiences, covering the voices and practices of those who have opposed Berlusconi from within the cultural industries and identity movements, such as journalists, LGBT activists, feminists and associations representing immigrant communities.
Wide-ranging, innovative and challenging, this volume should appeal to all those who have an interest in Italy, political-, mediaand cultural studies.
Bloomsbury Publishing; Read online
Title: Resisting the Tide
Author: Daniele Albertazzi; Clodagh Brook; Charlotte Ross; Nina Rothenberg
Buy, download and read Resisting the Tide (eBook) by Daniele Albertazzi; Clodagh Brook; Charlotte Ross; Nina Rothenberg today!


text:
QAṢR IBN HUBAYRAH
QAṢR IBN HUBAYRAH (Kasr ibn Hubayrah), town that was situated south of the ruins of ancient Babylon, west of the Euphrates (i.e., then its eastern arm, which was known as the Sura River). Qaẓr ibn Hubayrah was founded by Omar ibn Hubayrah, the last governor of Babylonia appointed by the
G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate (1930), 70f., 83.
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved.


has warmed up. So a car emits its worst emissions in the first few miles driven. A 2-person carpool is more effective at reducing the number of vehicles driving that "first mile". 2-person carpools also allow for the use of smaller, more fuel-efficient cars further closing the gap in emissions reduction of a 3-person carpool over a 2-person carpool. And a 2-person carpool is far less likely to use spaces at a park & ride or require people to drive out of their way to join the carpool.
Back to the human behavior aspect of trip reduction.
Keep in mind that most people who can easily be in a carpool already are. The remaining solo drivers will be much harder to get into carpools (or mass transit).
Consider some of the typical reasons that people don't carpool:
Requires planning in advance.
They can't find another person traveling to the same place at the same time and returning at the same time.
They are travelling between two points that are not common. For example, Everett to Issaquah.
They have unpredictable or variable times when they need to travel.
Their start or end point varies from day to day.
They drive as a part of their work. (realtor, business salesman, plumber, maid, delivery service, etc.)
They are making an off-schedule trip (dentist appointment, jury duty, business meeting, etc)
They just don't want to.
Creating 2-person carpools is the low-hanging fruit — easiest to do with the biggest gains. This is demonstrated by the fact that 95% of all cars in the carpool lane were 2-person carpools prior to the ETL.
For this reason, solutions should be pursued to eliminate these obstacles to make it easier to carpool (or use other options like mass transit).
The goal is to reduce the number of cars on the road, not just push them from the express lane into the general purpose lanes and side streets. Moving solo drivers into carpools of any size is the most effective way to do this.
Lacking incentives to form 2-person carpools is counter-productive. Making the incentives start at 3-person carpools sets the bar too high to enable many solo drivers to make the transition from solo to carpool.
Increasing the pain for people via a toll is a tool of coercion, forcing people to choose the least painful option rather than enticing them with a better way to get to travel.
The same examination should be made when promoting other forms of transportation, like buses or biking to work.
It is important to consider that making solo driving harder, without making the alternatives more viable, will NOT have a significant impact on trip reduction. But it WILL have an impact on drivers' attitudes toward government.
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7 comments on "An Analysis of 2-Person vs. 3+Person carpools in Trip Reduction
 1. […] More info: We have been posting ongoing blog articles at providing facts and research that prove the assumptions and methods of WSDOT are grossly wrong. Some of these include: – Truth about federal highway funds and How HOT lanes carry fewer people than HOV lanes – How expensive and inefficient tolls are at collecting revenue – WSDOT Admits Traffic is Worse – An Analysis of 2-Person vs. 3+Person carpools in Trip Reduction […]
 2. Nola Elson says:
 30 years ago, Highway 101, in Marin County, Ca, the main thorough fare to get into San Francisco from the North… also had 3 person HOV lanes. They never worked. The other lanes were always packed and slow and rarely did you see the HOV lanes get used. After years and years of trying to make it work the Dept. of Transportation let the HOV lanes go back to 2 persons. All lanes then got used better. The general purpose lanes lightened the traffic load so people actually saved time getting to and from work. And the HOV lanes actually had reasonable traffic and was used more efficiently. I am appalled that here we are 30 years later, in Washington state, and we are trying these old methods that didn't work 30 years ago and do not work today. Once again the general lanes are packed and slow and it now takes at least 10 to 20 minutes longer to get where you are going. There are more accidents. And DOT is trying to convince us that this is only happening in certain "bottle neck areas". Baloney! The Bothell exits have always been a choke point on I 405. At least we used to be able to get onto 405 with in a few minutes. Now it can take 20 minutes just queing to get onto I-405. Why are we trying these old methods that were proven did not work, 30 years ago in California traffic… that was when we even had less cars. This is ridiculous.
 3. […] should be 2+ at all times and there should be no tolling and no need for a transponder. A 3+ carpool system is less effective than a 2+ carpool system. Charging a toll does not increase capacity; it decreases participation in carpooling as proven […]
 4. […] Carpool usage in the 405ETL is way below expected, even after giving away 10,000 FlexPasses*. Why are people at WSDOT the only ones surprised by this? In the Everett Herald article "Fewer registered carpools in I-405 toll lanes than expected" it refers to WSDOT's quarterly financial report to the WSTC where the #405ETL are showing most people now using the lanes would rather pay the toll than try to get a 3 person carpool. This is no surprise. The 2 person carpools were driven out of the HOV lane and replaced with those who can – and will – pay. I reported on the Texas A&M University research that proved carpools would decline with HOT lanes. Their research even included SR167. I also documented the reasons why 3 person carpools fail. […]
 5. […] light of this, I revisit the article I posted on comparing 2 vs 3+ person carpools. Here is the original article. Read this for a full explanation of the comparison. In short, the best way to get someone out […]
 6. […] What's more is that a 2 person carpool typically does not use any spaces at a park and ride because they meet at one of the rider's home. Buses and vanpools have the added cost of still requiring everyone to drive and park somewhere and wait for their ride. That is part of the hidden cost of 3+ modes of transit. […]
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text:
8 hours, the total amount of cooling is -1.5 K 8 = 12 K or 12oC. Thus, the temperature 8 hours later will be 13oC.
This cooling near the surface creates a layer of cold air near the surface with a layer of warmer air above it. The layering of warm air over colder air creates an temperature inversion, which suppresses convection and lock pollutants into the air layer near Earth's surface.


text:
1. The system field, which indicates success or failure of a SQL operation, is SY-SUBRC.
2. What is the syntax for specifying database table name at runtime in SELECT statement.
NAME = 'SPFL1'.
SELECT * FROM (NAME).
ENDSELECT.1. How do you read selected lines of database table into an internal table in packages of predefined size.
SELECT * FROM INTO TABLE PACKAGE SIZE.
Where n is variable.1. Name the WILDCARD characters which are used for comparisons with character strings & numeric strings. '%' and '-'.
2. In SELECT statements can you specify a variable in WHERE condition or a part of the condition, if so what is the syntax.
SELECT * FROM WHERE .1. Name the ABAP/4 key words, which are used to change the contents of database table.
UPDATE or MODIFY.
7. How to specify a client for database table processing.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI CLIENT SPECIFIED WHERE MANDT BETWEEN '001' AND '003'.
ENDSELECT.1. How do you write a DATA object from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4 memory and restore the same from memory to program.
EXPORT [FROM ][FROM ].... TO MEMORY ID .
The ID , which can be up to 32 characters long, identifies the data in memory.1. What are DATA CLUSTERS?
You can group any complex internal data objects of an ABAP/4 program together in data clusters and store them temporarily in ABAP/4 memory or for longer periods in databases. You can store data clusters in special databases of the ABAP/4 Dictionary. These databases are known as ABAP/4 cluster databases and have a predefined structure. Storing a data cluster is specific to ABAP/4. Although you can also access cluster databases using SQL statements, only ABAP/4 statements are able to decode the structure of the stored data cluster.1. Statements used to delete data objects in ABAP/4 memory FREE MEMORY [ID ].
2. How will you create a file on application server.
Open dataset for output.1. ABAP/4 statement for opening a file on application server for reading Open dataset for input.
2. How will you transfer data into a file in application server?
Data fname(60) value'mYFILE'.
Data num type i.
Open dataset fname for output.
Do 10 times.
Num = Num +1.
Transfer num to fname.
.......etc.1. Name the function modules to write data from an Internal Table to the Presentation Server.
DOWNLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD.1. Name the function module that can be used to give information about files on Presentation Server and about its Operating System.
WS_QUERY.1. Name the ABAP/4 key word, which is used to clear the Headerline of an Internal Table.
CLEAR.1. Name the function modules to read data from Presentation Server into an Internal Table.
UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD.1. Name the ABAP/4 keywords to initialize an Internal Table with and without headerline.
REFRESH .1. How to determine the attributes of an internal table?
DESCRIBE TABLE [LINES ] [OCCURS ].1. Name the ABAP/4 key word for searching a string in an Internal Table.
SEARCH FOR .
The different options () for the search in an internal table are:
Searches tablefor a word containing the character string specified in , where other characters might separate the characters. The first letter of the word and the string must be the same.
Searches table for , starting at line . <\lin1> can be a variable.
Searches table for upto line. can be a variable.
If the search string is found, all the characters in the search string (and all the characters in between when using ABBREVIATED) are converted to upper case. 1. What are the different attributes that can be assigned to a variant?
The different attributes that can be assigned to a variant are....
Enter a short, meaningful description of the variant. This may be upto 30 characters long.
Specify whether you want to use the variant in background processing only, or in online environment as well.
Mark the field if you want to protect your variant against being changed by other users.
Do not display variant.
Mark this field if you want the variant name to be displayed in the catalog only, but not in the F4 value list.
For the selections you cover in a variant, you can enter the following attributes:
The system displays whether the field is a parameter or a select option.
Mark this field for each field on the selection screen you want to protect from being overwritten. Values that you mark this way are displayed to the users, but they cannot change them, that are they are not ready to accept input.
If you mark this column, the system will not display the corresponding field on the selection screen the user sees when starting the report program.
Mark this column if you want to set the value for this field at runtime. 1. Is it possible to create new dynamic programs during runtime of an ABAP/4 program? If so how?
To create new dynamic programs during the runtime of an ABAP/4 program, you must use an internal table. For this purpose, you should create this internal table with one character type column and a line width of 72. You can use any method you like from Filling Internal Tables to write the code of your new program into the internal table. Especially, you can use internal fields in which contents are dependent on the flow of the program that you use to create a new one, to influence the coding of the new program dynamically. The following example shows how to proceed in principal:
DATA CODE (72) OCCURS 10.
APPEND 'REPORT ZDYN1.'
APPEND 'WRITE/"Hello, I am dynamically created!".'
Two lines of a very simple program are written into the internal table CODE.
In the next step you have to put the new module, in the above example it is a report, into the library. For this purpose you can use the following statement:
INSERT REPORT FROM .
The program is inserted in your present development class in the R/3 Repository. If a program with this name does not already exists, it is newly created with the following attributes:
Type: 1 (Reporting),
Application: S (Basis).
You can specify the name of the program explicitly within single quotation marks or you can write the name of a character field, which contains the program name. The name of the program must not necessarily be the same as given in the coding, but it is recommended to do so. is the internal table containing the source code. For the above example you could write:
INSERT REPORT 'ZDYN1' FROM CODE.
DATA REP (8).
REP = 'ZDYN1'
INSERT REPORT REP FROM CODE. 1. Data types can be elementary or structured (T/F).
TRUE.1. The amount of memory associated with a data type is ZERO.
2. Data objects are the physical units a program uses at runtime. (T/F).
TRUE.1. The data object does not occupy any space in memory. (T/F)
FALSE.1. What are the three hierarchical levels of data types and objects?
Program-independent data, defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
Internal data used globally in one program.
Data used locally in a procedure (subroutine, function module) 1. How would you find the attributes of a data type or data object?
DESCRIBE FIELD [LENGTH [COMPONENTS ]]
[OUTPUT-LENGTH ] [DECIMALS ]
[EDIT MASK ].1. The components of a field string cannot have different data types. (T/F).
FALSE.1. Field strings are also called as Record or Structures.
2. If a field string is aligned (Left, centered, right justified etc.), the filler fields are also added to the length of the type C field. (T/F).
TRUE.1. You cannot assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a field group. (T/F)
TRUE.1. Field group reserves storage space for the fields, and does not contain pointers to existing fields (T/F).
False.1. Defining a field group as 'HEADER' is optional (T/F)
FALSE.1. How would you define a field symbol?
FIELD-SYMBOLS.1. Which function module would you use to check the user's authorization to access files before opening a file?
37. Name the function module used to convert logical file names to physical file names in ABAP/4 programs.
FILE_GET_NAME.1. Parameters, which are defined during the definition of a subroutine with the FORM statement, are called Formal Parameters.
2. Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PERFORM statement are called Actual Parameters.
3. In subroutines internal tables that are passed by TABLES, are always called by value and result. (T/F)
FALSE. They are called by reference.


Sometimes they are called adjectives of quantity. eleven hens fifteen frogs nineteen lizards twelve geese sixteen snails twenty butterflies thirteen birds seventeen kittens fourteen mice eighteen ants one giant two princes three princesses four mermaids five witches six fairies seven elves eight puppets nine dwarfs ten angels
 - 64. 63 Other adjectives tell you something about quantity without giving you the exact number. a few cups a few puppies a lot of books some soldiers Adjectives that tell you about quantity are also called quantifying determiners. a little ice cream a little rice not many people too much salt lots of insects plenty of money some food Is there any milk? D i d y o u k n o w?
 - 65. 64 1 Dad has two pairs of shoes. ___ 2 One pair is brown and the other pair ___ is black. ___ 3 This is a very simple puzzle. ___ 4 What color is the American flag? ___ 5 A kind fairy appeared before Cinderella. ___ 6 He is a proud man. ___ 7 There is some food left. ___ 8 Tom is wearing a blue T-shirt. ___ 9 Jack has ten marbles; Peter has twenty. ___ ___ 10 How many marbles have Jack and Peter ___ altogether? 11 There is an Indian temple in the city. ___ 12 There is a large crowd outside the temple. ___ 13 My house is just a few miles from the ___ school. 14 They are driving a small car. ___ 15 Sue likes those yellow and red balloons. ___ ___ Exercise Look at the underlined words in the following sentences. Do you know what kinds of adjectives they are? In the blanks write C if the underlined words tell you about color, S if they tell you about size, Ql if they tell you about quality, O if they tell you about origin, or Qn if they tell you about the number or quantity of things.
 - 66. 65 Comparison of Adjectives faster small smaller When you compare two people or things, use the comparative form of the adjective. Lots of comparative adjectives end in -er. Gr ammar H elp The word than is often used with comparative adjectives. For example, you might say: Jack is taller than John. A sports car is faster than a motorbike. fast bright brighter cheap cheaper clear clearer loud louder new newer old older rich richer short shorter tall taller slow slower thick thicker
 - 67. 66 Gr ammar H elp Use the superlative form of an adjective to compare three or more nouns. Lots of superlatives end in -est. You often add the before the superlative form. For example, you say: Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Peter is the tallest boy in his class. darkest longestlonger long dark darker thick thicker thickest clean cleaner cleanest easy easier easiest fat fatter fattest flat flatter flattest heavy heavier heaviest hot hotter hottest narrow narrower narrowest noisy noisier noisiest simple simpler simplest thin thinner thinnest wet wetter wettest
 - 68. 67 Gr ammar H elp4 With adjectives that end in -e, add -r to form the comparative, and -st to form the superlative. For example: Comparative Superlative close closer closest large larger largest safe safer safest wide wider widest 4 Some adjectives have only one syllable, end with a consonant, and have a single vowel before the consonant. With these adjectives, double the last letter before adding –er to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative. For example: Comparative Superlative big bigger biggest dim dimmer dimmest mad madder maddest sad sadder saddest 4 Some adjectives have two syllables and end in -y. With these adjectives change the y to i. Then add -er to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative. For example: Comparative Superlative busy busier busiest dirty dirtier dirtiest happy happier happiest pretty prettier prettiest
 - 69. 68 With some adjectives, you use more to make the comparative form, and most to make the superlative form. Adjectives that form their comparative and superlative with more and most are usually adjectives with two or more syllables, or sounds. For example: ac-tive ex-pen-sive beau-ti-ful fa-mous charm-ing for-tu-nate cheer-ful in-tel-li-gent com-fort-a-ble pow-er-ful de-li-cious val-u-a-ble beautiful more beautiful most beautiful active more active most active charming more charming most charming cheerful more cheerful most cheerful comfortable more comfortable most comfortable delicious more delicious most delicious D i d y o u k n o w?
 - 70. 69 Gr ammar H elp The comparative and superlative forms of some adjectives are completely different words. With these adjectives, you don't add -er or more to form the comparative, or -est or most to form the superlative. little less least good better best bad worse worst few less least many more most much more most
 - 72. 71 Gr ammar H elp The words a, an and the belong to this group of words called determiners. The words a and an are called indefinite articles. You can use them with singular nouns to talk about any single person or thing. Determiners are words such as this, those, my, their, which. They are special adjectives that are used before nouns. The Articles The article an is usually used before words beginning with vowels. The article a is used before words beginning with consonants. Determiners6 This is a picture of an elephant. Rudy is reading a book. Mom bought me a new dress today. You will need an umbrella when you go out. She eats an apple a day. Can you hear a bird singing? Do you wear a uniform to school?
 - 73. 72 Gr ammar H elp The word the is called the definite article. Use the before a noun when you are talking about a certain person or thing. You also use the before a noun when there is only one. For example: the sun the moon the sky the front door of my house Granny is sitting in the garden. The street is very busy today. The sky is getting dark. The telephone is ringing. Where's the cat? I think she is under the bed. Tom has won the race. The ice is melting.
 - 74. 73 Gr ammar H elp Demonstrative Determiners The words this, that, these and those are determiners. They are used to tell which thing or person you mean. These words are called demonstrative determiners, or demonstrative adjectives. James lives in this house. I am keeping these books. I am selling those books. This ice cream is delicious. How much is that racket? What is that animal? Bring me that ball. Would you like these apples? You use this and these to point to people or things near you. You use that and those to point to people or things that are farther from you. You use this and that before singular nouns. You use these and those before plural nouns. Here's a table to help you remember the rules: Singular Plural this these that those
 - 75. 74 Use the words what, which and whose before nouns to ask about people or things. These words are called interrogative determiners or interrrogative adjectives. Interrogative Determiners What time is it? What color is her hair? What kind of clothes do you like to wear? Which school do you go to? Which doll is your favorite? Which road leads to the zoo? Which runner is the winner? Do you know which girl won the prize? Whose footprints are these? Whose baby is this? Whose dog was barking in the middle of the night? What size do you wear? What kind of bird is that? whose which what
 - 76. 75 Gr ammar H elp Possessive Determiners The words my, your, his, her, its, our, their are called possessive determiners or posessive adjectives. Use these words before nouns to say who something belongs to. I lent Margaret my guitar. The dentist asked his patient to open her mouth. Here is a table to help you remember the possessive determiners. Singular Plural First person my our Second person your your Third person his their her their its their Is this your house? Robert, your handwriting is difficult to read. Michael is showing his tortoise to his friends. My sister lost her way in the city. The lion is chasing its prey.
 - 77. 76 Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with a, an or the. 1 __________ owl 7 __________ moon 2 __________ rocket 8 __________ Missouri River 3 __________ apron 9 __________ mango 4 __________ sun 10 __________ animal 5 __________ page 11 __________ eagle 6 __________ computer 12 __________ baby Exercise 2 Write a, an or the in the blanks to complete the sentences. 1 There is ________ rainbow in ________ sky. 2 Who is ________ man outside ______ gate? 3 ________ doctor gave Jane ________ injection. 4 Paul opened ________ door to let ________ dog in. 5 Mark is ________ only child in _______ family. 6 What's ______ largest animal in ________ world


text:
Aruba, long a part of the Netherlands Antilles, began to actively seek independence or autonomy in the early 1970s. As part of that goal, Aruban leaders decided in 1976 to develop a national flag. Ideas solicited through a local design competition were reviewed, and from that process emerged the Aruban flag still in use. The flag was first hoisted on March 18, 1976. Aruba achieved status as an autonomous territory of the Netherlands in 1986 but subsequently chose not to seek full independence.
The blue of the field was chosen intentionally to match the shade used in the flag of the United Nations. The unique four-pointed star represents the four points of the compass and hence Aruba's connections by air and sea from all directions. It also symbolizes the island itself—the red evoking the red clay of its soil, the white border representing the white sand beaches that ring it—as well as the pride Arubans have for their island and their struggle for liberty. The yellow stripes stand for tourism and industry, which provide the high standard of living enjoyed by the island's people. Yellow also recalls the former gold industry and the brilliant yellow flowers found across the island.


text:
Ohio Coastal Design Manual
Promote better projects along the coast that balance the use of Lake Erie as a shared natural resource along with the property owners' need for lakefront erosion protection and the benefit of access to the lake.
The ODNR Office of Coastal Management has prepared the print and online versions of the Coastal Design Manual to promote better projects along the Ohio shore of Lake Erie including Maumee Bay and Sandusky Bay.
The manual demonstrates how structures along the shore of Lake Erie are designed and how coastal engineering principles are best applied to achieve a balance between landowners' needs for erosion control and lake access and the need to protect our lake's natural resources.
- General vicinity map
- Identification of adjoining and nearby property owners
- History of the site
- Site conditions and existing structures
- The Coastal Erosion Area designation and erosion at the site
- Geology of the upland
- Site drainage
- Characteristics of the shore
- Types of coastal habitat
- Habitat considerations
- Nearshore bathymetry
- Performance of nearby structures
- Site wave climate
- Horizontal and vertical datums
- Existing site conditions and structures
- Determination of the parcel boundaries for the site
- Depicting the littoral partitions between adjoiners for the site
- Survey products for projects the under regulatory authority of ODNR
- Metes and bounds descriptions
- Plat of survey for the submerged lands lease parcel
- Surveyor's role during project construction
- Post construction survey
- Design water levels
- Design wave height
Run-up and overtopping of structures
- Changes to the littoral system
- Effects on adjacent or nearby properties
- Impact of design on habitat
- Other design considerations in the general arrangement of structures
- Design drawings, design specifications and supporting information
- Suggested standards for engineering and surveying drawings
- Suggested standards for engineering methods and design calculations
- Suggested standards for material specifications
- Suggested standards for supporting information
- 4.1 General Design Guidelines for Erosion Control Structures
- Protection against wave-based erosion
- Protection against upland erosion
- 4.2 Armor Stone Revetment Design
- Armor material
- Armor layer
- Crest elevation
- Filter layer function
- Filter layer design
- 4.3 Seawalls
- General considerations
- Design components
- Wall & cap height
- Run-up & overtopping
- Sliding & overturning
- Overturning safety factor
- Pre-cast concrete block seawall design
- Block seawall structural design
- Steel frame crib design
- 4.4 Construction, Inspection & Maintenance
- Inspection and monitoring
- Maintenance and repair
4.5 Design Examples
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) Office of Coastal Management (OCM) prepared this design manual to promote better projects along the Ohio shore of Lake Erie including Maumee Bay and Sandusky Bay. This manual demonstrates how structures along the shore of Lake Erie are designed and how coastal engineering principles are best applied to achieve a balance between landowners' needs for erosion control and lake access and the need to protect our lake's natural resources.
The focus of the manual is the types of structures most commonly constructed in Ohio; therefore the guidance only applies to Ohio's unique coastal environment. The companion to this design manual is the Lake Erie Shore Erosion Management Plan (LESEMP) which addresses how the conditions along Lake Erie vary, and which types of erosion control are best suited for specific locations and conditions along the lake.
The connection is the LESEMP identifies the types of structures or controls that would function best along a section of the shore and this design manual shows how those structures should be designed and constructed.
The purpose of this manual is to illustrate the engineering and surveying processes needed to develop safe, sound and successful erosion control and lake access projects along Ohio's Lake Erie shore. Engineers, surveyors and contractors should find the manual a valuable resource for planning projects and working with landowners. For the lakefront property owner, this manual can be a means of better understanding the design, surveying and construction processes.
The policies and guidelines included in the Ohio Coastal Management Program Document and the Ohio Revised and Administrative codes pertaining to design of coastal structures, along with the application and guidance on the application process for shore structure permits and submerged lands leases, are all available on the Office Coastal Management website: _URL_ The importance of meeting these requirements as well as those of all federal, state and local agencies involved in authorizing projects on Lake Erie cannot be overstated.
Why an engineer and surveyor should be part of the design process
Since 1994, plans and specifications submitted to ODNR for Shore Structure Permits must be prepared and sealed by a professional engineer licensed by the state of Ohio (Ohio Revised Code Section 1506.40).
Documents (metes and bounds descriptions and plats) required to enter into a Submerged Lands Lease with the state of Ohio must be prepared and sealed by a professional surveyor licensed by the state of Ohio.
Professional engineers (PE) and professional surveyors (PS) are licensed by the state of Ohio only after demonstrating technical knowledge and actual engineering/surveying experience. The act of signing and sealing a design drawing by an engineer or surveyor is a statement certifying that the work has been prepared with direct supervisory control and according to the best professional standards. It is an assurance to both the property owner and to the agency that receives the drawings that the work has adhered to appropriate design standards, is protective of the public welfare, and safeguards life, health and property.
Many property owners are familiar with building houses and other structures on land, where contractors "pull" permits from the local building authority without the need for sealed plans from a PE. This process is supported by a system of very protective and conservative building codes and inspections that ensure buildings are both well designed and constructed with appropriate setbacks from property boundaries. No similar system of codes and inspections exists for structures built along the shore of Lake Erie.
The design of coastal structures is not always as straight-forward as complying with plumbing or electrical codes. Many sites have complex geology, drainage issues, structural conditions, and/or wave climates that require careful consideration, planning and design. Failure of an erosion control structure, even over a period of years, may result in loss of additional upland, may threaten existing buildings, and can result in damage to adjacent properties. The repair of a failed structure may be as expensive as the original construction.
The planning of a project also requires a field survey. The surveyor is best suited to provide the critical site information needed by the PE for design. This includes existing site contours, the location, dimensions and elevations of structures, and the offshore bathymetry. A surveyor is needed to determine the boundary of the upland parcel and the partition lines for littoral rights extending into the lake. If a submerged lands lease is needed, a PS prepares a metes and bounds description and plat. These products can only be prepared by an Ohio registered PS.
References, resources and other design manuals
In most cases, important references are noted as part of the discussion in a given Chapter. Design equations, charts and tables included in this manual have been drawn from numerous sources and reflect OCM's understanding of the state of the art of coastal engineering as it applies to structures along Lake Erie.
The "reference of references" for coastal engineering is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) "Coastal Engineering Manual" or CEM (EM 1110-2-1100, published August 2008) and is linked in the table below. The CEM is a valuable synthesis and repository of the understanding of coastal processes, the design and performance of structures and forms the basis of design for USACE's coastal projects.
- Phase I Revised Report on Great Lakes Open Coast Flood Levels USACE, Detroit, April 1988.
- Design Water Level Determination on the Great Lakes, USACE, Detroit District September 1993.
- ODNR Division of Geological Survey Coastal Erosion Area maps and tabulated datasheets for recession rates.
- USACE "WIS Report 22, Hindcast Wave Information for the Great Lakes: Lake Erie," October 1991.
- USACE, EM 1110-2-1614 "Design of Coastal Revetments, Seawalls and Bulkheads" June 1995.
- Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program, "Vegetative Best Management Practices – A Manual for Pennsylvania /Lake Erie Bluff Landowners" 2007. (See "Coastal Processees")
- Coastal Engineering Design & Analysis System, ACES (Automated Coastal Engineering System) module. This is a computer-based calculation tool that includes many of the most commonly used equations for performing coastal engineering calculations. Developed by USACE and now marketed through a private vendor.
- On-line maps and aerial photography. Resources such as Google Earth, Bing Map and the GIS products available from most county auditors are useful tools for visualizing existing conditions along the shore and evaluating potential effects of projects.
There are two preceding engineering design manuals that deserve note and are inspirations for this document.
- "Coastal Processes Manual," University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute, WIS-SG-87-430, Second Edition, 1998.
- "Help Yourself" a general information pamphlet by the USACE (1978), now out of print.
For definitions of terminology used in the surveying profession, see the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping's (ACSM) "Definitions of Surveying and Associated Terms."
The limited design discussions presented in this manual should in no way suggest that more


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I have a custom overlay grid whose labels are driven by an ugly attribute field which contains unnecessary leading zeroes and other labeling no-nos. How can I introduce a labeling expression to this grid? Thank you!
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is your overlay grid in a raster or vector format? – artwork21 May 12 '11 at 17:22
_USER_: the overlay grid is driven by a feature class comprised of vector polygon geometry. – MLF May 12 '11 at 17:41
Can't you create another column and clean up the values with vb script in the calculator? – Jakub May 12 '11 at 17:55
Not to be snarky, but have you read the manual? – Kirk Kuykendall May 12 '11 at 20:42
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3 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Per Esri, it is not possible at this time to incorporate a label expression with a custom overlay grid; Label expressions are not supported with grid labels.
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You can use many expressions in the label expression dialog.
You might try using regex to get at some of the hard to reach problems.
Here is one of my old questions that can show how it can be used.
If it is just trailing or leading zeros you can use...
Right ([mycolumn],4)
that will drop everything in the front leaving only 4 characters from the right side.
Function FindLabel( [NAME] )
 Dim fldValue, aWords, i, word, aNewWords, NewWord, numElements, k
 fldValue = [NAME]
 'k = 0 'One word first line and two words all other lines
 k = 1 'Two words first line and all other lines
 if not IsNull(fldValue) then
 aWords = split(fldValue, " ")
 numElements = UBound(aWords)
 'Create new array to store new field value and redimmension to store
 'the correct number of elements to match original number of elements
 aNewWords = Array()
 Redim aNewWords(numElements)
 for i = LBound(aWords) to UBound(aWords)
 if i Mod 2 = k then
 word = aWords(i) & vbCr
 word = aWords(i)
 end if
 aNewWords(i) = word
 NewWord = Join(aNewWords, " ")
 NewWord = fldValue
 end if
 FindLabel = NewWord
End Function
This is an example of a label expression from streetmap.
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Label expressions for a feature layer may be set by going to the the layers Properties>Labels tab, and click on the Expression button. However, Jakub has a good point that you should clean up your data first via field calculator. Here is the ArcGIS 10 link for feature expressions.
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We are a large organization, and use SDE with strict permissions. I am not able to add a field unless I divorce the data from the SDE, and at that point, the end user would not benefit from modifications to the data (and indeed, we are about to update it), so that won't help here. – MLF May 12 '11 at 20:08
I'm not trying to modify labels on a feature layer. The custom overlay grid is a different beast all its own and does not have the same labeling options as the feature class itself. I want to inject some label class scripting into the actual grid. – MLF May 12 '11 at 20:11
What do you mean by "a different beast"? Isn't this a polygon feature class with attributes? it would be best to actually clean up the source data with vbscript or python, whichever you prefer. You can of course do it with label expressions but it has certain disadvantages such as slower drawing times... Kirk has provided a link to the manual. – Jakub May 13 '11 at 12:52
@ Jakub: This is a custom overlay grid. The only options to label a custom overlay grid are to label it according to one field inside the feature class, and there is no option to use a label expression. – MLF May 17 '11 at 16:31
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text:
Definition of bellowing
p. pr. & vb. n. - of Bellow 2
The word "bellowing" uses 9 letters: B E G I L L N O W.
Direct anagrams of bellowing:
Adding one letter to bellowing does not form any other word in this word list.Words within bellowing not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from bellowing by changing one letter
Browse words starting with bellowing by next letter


text:
telepathically, and experience the memories and thoughts of others.
- Teleportation: Wiccan can mystically teleport himself and others to any location instanteously. He can also travel to and open gates or portals accessing other worlds, places and dimensions.
- Probability Manipulation: Wiccan can manipulate various kinds of probabilities, of various natures and scales, increasing the possibilities exponentially, including the molecular level.
- Healing: Wiccan can mystically healing himself and others from any physical injury. He is also shown to be able resurrect individuals from death through force of will.
- Flight: Wiccan possesses the ability to engage in self-propelled flight.
- Willpower-Based Constructs: Wiccan can generate and manipulate energy to create solid constructs such as disks, orbs, bursts, shields, platforms, force fields, and other projectiles or constructions.
- Concussive Force Blasts: Wiccan can generate and manipulate energy to project blasts, beams, bolts and waves of concussive force.
- Magic Manipulation: Wiccan can manipulate magical entities.
- Magical Immunity: Wiccan is immune to harmful magical/mystical forces.
- Magical/Elemental Manipulation: Wiccan can manipulate magical and mystical forces, elemental forces at his will. He can also summon mystical creatures to counter-attack magical attacks.
Billy possesses the normal human strength of a boy of his age, height, and build who engages in moderate regular exercise. However, He can increase the physical abilities of himself and others to incredible levels by manipulating reality.
If Wiccan can't hear his spells, they don't work.
- Wiccan is one of the most powerful mages in the entire Marvel Universe.
- Wiccan was one of the many possible candidates for the title of Sorcerer Supreme.
- It was long believed that Billy and Tommy Shepherd were reincarnations of the Scarlet Witch and the Vision's twin sons, Thomas Maximoff and William Maximoff.
- Despite originally being introduced as an Electrokinetic mutant with powerful sorcery, Wiccan's mutant powers have begun to appear less and less in comics due to his magic powers and heritage being made a more distinguishing characteristic for the character, rather than his mutant heritage.
- Marvel's official Marvel Universe Wiki states: "When the Scarlet Witch used her powers to recreate the world after the House of M event, she inadvertently recreated both William and Thomas as well. However instead of recreating them as her children, they ended up as the children of other parents. Thomas ended up as the son of the Shepard family while William ended up as the son of the Kaplans family.
- The Scarlet Witch finally confirmed that Billy and Tommy are indeed her reincarnated sons on-panel in Avengers: The Children's Crusade #6.
- Wiccan has only recently met his "father", Vision in Avengers Assemble Annual Vol 2 #1.
- Hulkling (Teddy Altman) and Wiccan are in a romantic relationship.
- Wiccan pattern's himself after Thor and The Scarlet Witch.
- Wiccan wears the suit of the Asgardians.
- Wiccan doesn't like the term "Warlock" being applied to him.
- Allan Heinberg has stated that Billy and his family are Reform Jews. When asked about Billy's codename, Heinberg stated "Wiccan is another word for witch. It doesn't have an exclusively religious meaning."
- Wicca is the name of a religion and is the basis for the word Witch. In the past, it's practitioners were often persecuted as witches. A Wiccan is a practitioner of Wicca.
- According to his teammate and boyfriend, Hulkling, Billy Kaplan learned his spell-casting abilities from a self-help book belonging to Hulkling's mother.
- Wiccan is shown to be a member of the Initiative, along with Hulking. However, it is later revealed most of the Young Avengers did not actually join The Initiative or even register. They were registered by their Earth-A counterparts; both Wiccan and Hulking are seen complaining about being registered to their "A Selves". It's been subsequently shown that since registration, Billy has spent most of his time grounded at home with his parents pressuring him to register.
- Billy is a fan of the TV series/books "Game of Thrones" and Tyrion is his favorite character.


News Home
Disease largely to blame for worsening mental illness life expectancy gap: study
By Francene Norton
The study found the overall gap in life expectancy was 15.9 years for men and 12 years for women.
Reuters: Shannon Stapleton - file image
A new study has found mental illness sufferers in Australia are dying up to 16 years earlier than the general population, with most deaths due to disease rather than accidents or suicide.
A University of Queensland team followed 300,000 people in Western Australia who were diagnosed with mental illnesses, and compared health experiences and death rates to the general population over a 20-year period.
Diagnoses included alcohol and drug disorders, schizophrenia, psychoses, neurotic disorders, depressive, and other mental health disorders.
Patients with alcohol or drug disorders had the lowest life expectancy, with a gap of more than 20 years.
Dr Steve Kisely from UQ's School of Population Health has told the ABC most deaths are due to physical causes such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, rather than suicide or accidents.
He says people with a mental illness may sometimes miss early signs of illness or have worse access to specialised treatment.
"For instance, people who have breast cancer or colon cancer diagnosed - people with a mental health problem have actually less of a chance of getting the operation than someone with the same disorder who didn't have a mental health problem," he said.
Gap widens
Dr Kisely says the gap is worse than for smokers and similar to Indigenous Australians, but receives far less attention.
"There has been a very understandable focus in terms of closing the gap of life expectancy between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians," Dr Kisely said.
"But the gap for people with mental illness is even greater - people still think of increased mortality as due to suicide."
"Obviously we need to address suicide, but we're dealing with a problem that's nearly 10 times as great as suicide and there isn't nearly the same amount of attention given to it."
The study also found the differential in the gap increased by about two years between 1985 and 2005.
"Whatever we're doing, we're doing it worse, rather than better," Dr Kisely said.
Dr Kisely says closing the gap for people with mental illness requires a multi-faceted approach.
Lifestyle factors
He says lifestyle factors are an important first step.
"We know that with people with schizophrenia, about 90 per cent of them will smoke and will spend about 40 per cent of their disposable income on tobacco products," he said.
"Clearly helping people to stop smoking would be a great help."
He says the next thing is to make sure people are registered with their general practitioner and see them regularly.
"We also need to encourage family doctors to have a high index of suspicion when people with a chronic mental illness come to them with new symptoms," he said.
"Don't attribute them to their underlying mental illness, but explore more to see if it's the start of a new medical condition.
"Lastly, when a problem is recognised, ensure they get the right specialist treatment."
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Another Marijuana Myth
Drugs, Marijuana
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Does Marijuana Cause Violence?
One of the claims by those advocating marijuana legalization is that smoking grass does not lead to the violent behavior associated with drinking alcohol. They instead ascribe qualities to marijuana smoking of soothing the savage beast in humans.
What they learned was that "the percentages of youths engaging in delinquent behaviors in the past year rose with increasing frequency of marijuana use."
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text: Massive Space Mission to Test Einstein Theory Three ships to fire lasers at each other near sun By Kevin Spak, Newser Staff Posted May 10, 2010 1:04 PM CDT 41 comments Comments Gravitational waves are seen expanding out from a new black hole in this computer simulation of the death of a star. (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics) (Newser) – NASA and the European Space Agency are preparing to shoot three spacecraft into orbit around the sun and have them fire laser beams at each other, in an attempt to detect gravitational waves—the last unproven piece of Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. They're calling the whole thing the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, and it'll be the biggest scientific instrument ever built, the Daily Telegraph reports. Einstein theorized that when huge objects like black holes collide they'd generate gravitational waves—tiny ripples in time and space. Until now, they've been too weak to measure, but the agencies think they've engineered a way around it. Each ship will contain floating gold platinum cubes, and the lasers will measure the changes in distance between them. The mission is expected to launch in 2020.


text:
World Public Library
Academic Research, Rare & Special eBook Portal
World Public Library Machine Translation Editions
58 Versions of 2,000,000 eBooks Producing 116,000,000 eBooks
All of our 2,000,000 eBooks will soon be available in multiple language editions. Each eBook will be available to be read in any of 58 different languages. The original eBook is automatically converted by our Literary Machine Translation System (LMTS), which produces a translated edition. This edition will have the original page side-by-side with the Machine Translated page in order to provide ease of cross-reference assistance in clarifying contextual meaning.
What are World Public Library Machine Translation Editions?
World Public Library Literary Machine Translation System (LMTS), is an automated translation service that provides automated translations between 58 different languages. It produces translated editions of all of our 2,000,000 eBooks. Each eBook will be available to be downloaded in any combination of our supported languages. With World Public Library Machine Translation Editions, we hope to make information universally accessible and useful, no matter which language it is written in.
How does it work?
When World Public Library LMTS generates an eBook, it looks for patterns in hundreds of millions of documents to help decide on the best translation possible. By detecting patterns in documents that have already been translated by human translators, World Public Library LMTS can make intelligent guesses as to what the appropriate translation would be. This process of seeking patterns in large amounts of text is called "statistical machine translation". Since the translations are generated by machines, not all translations will be perfect. The more human-translated documents that World Public Library LMTS can analyze in a specific language, the better the translation quality will be. This is why translation accuracy will sometimes vary across languages.
Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) as a research area started in the late 1980s with the Candide project at IBM. IBM's original approach maps individual words to words and allows for deletion and insertion of words.
Lately, various researchers have shown better translation quality with the use of phrase translation. Phrase-based Machine Translations, which are based on a "phrase alignment" model, statistically computes translation of whole phrases rather than by words alone.
World Public Library's LMTS uses a combination of syntax-based translation with a joint-probability model for phrase translation and transfer rules based on a rich translation lexicon. This builds a phrase arising from syntax-based models that either use real syntax trees generated by syntactic parsers, or tree transfer methods motivated by syntactic reordering patterns. Although the outcome is not always as elegant as the words written by an author, the base meaning is clear enough for a basic understanding of that author's intended meaning.
What languages does World Public Library Machine Translation Editions support?
World Public Library Machine Translation Editions currently publishes in 58 languages:
Current beta languages are:
- Latin Urdu