In ALTER TABLE for UUID we discuss currently proper way to store and handle UUID in MySQL. Currently it works, even in a performant way, but it still hurts. It should not.
Definition of UUID
The RFC 4122 defines various types of UUID, and how they are being formatted for presentation and as a bit field on the wire. As this document was written bei Leach and Salz, among others, RFC 4122 UUIDs are also called "Leach-Salz UUIDs" (for example in the Java Documentation).
There are other UUID variants, used in other systems (NCS, and Microsoft "backwards compatibility").
A RFC 4122 UUID is a special 128 bit long value ("16 octets"). It is supposed to be laid out like this:
 0 1 2 3
 | time_low |
 | time_mid | time_hi_and_version |
 |clk_seq_hi_res | clk_seq_low | node (0-1) |
 | node (2-5) |
The high bits in clk_seq_hi_res define the variant, and anything starting with the bit sequence 10 is a RFC 4122 compliant UUID.
The high nibble in time_hi_and_version defines the RFC 4122 Type (or version), the algorithm used. RFC 4122 itself defines versions 1 to 5 (version 0 is unused).
There is an expired draft that defines a version 6, which is specifically designed to use a primary key for databases. It uses the same timestamp value as Type 1, but stores the bytes so that ordering by creation time is preserved. It also relaxes the requirements on the node field, officially allowing different sources for bits than the MAC address. Sample implementations are available in various languages.
UUIDs are all over the place in Windows and also in Java. Databases have to handle them as "application generated primary keys". That's why they are important and should be treated with some attention.
Handling UUID in MySQL 8
MySQL provides functions to generate UUIDs, to check if a thing is a validly formatted string that looks like a UUID, and to convert UUIDs to 128 bit bitstrings and back.
The latter two functions have a special flag to improve performance with InnoDB. This flag is by default off. No attempt is made to automatically do the right thing dependent on the UUID type.
UUID function
The MySQL function UUID() returns a RFC 4122 Type 1 UUID.
mysql> select uuid_to_bin(uuid()) as uuid;
| uuid |
| 0x80462D3C96AB11EB94BBBA2278F258E1 |
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Formatted like in the RFC, we get the following values:
96AB 1 1EB
9 4 BB B A22
Specifically, the clk_seq_hi_res contains the variant value, 9, and the time_hi_and_version contains the version, 1.
According to the RFC, the variant 9 = 1001 = 10x (a RFC 4122 compliant UUID).
Of the Versions defined in RFC 4122, it is Version 1 or Type 1, "The time-based version in this document". The generation algorithm is defined in section 4.2 of that RFC.
So a MySQL generated UUID is always a RFC 4122 Type 1 (time based) UUID.
Java generated UUID values
Compare with the Java UUID Class:
We have randomUUID(), returning a Type 4 UUID and nameUUIDFromBytes() for Type 3 and a generic Constructor that takes any 128 bit value. So what we get from Java is likely name based or random UUIDs generated by the application.
Name based UUIDs are fixed for a fixed name, so they pose no problem when used with MySQL as a primary key.
Random UUIDs are completely random. There is nothing to optimize for MySQL here.
Neither is a good choice to use as a kind of application controlled distributed primary key.
Based on the reasoning in ALTER TABLE for UUID, Java developers that are using UUID for this purpose would be well advised to implement and use a Type 1 UUID. It seems that such an implementation is not available by default as part of java.lang.util, but other implementations exist.
IS_UUID() function
The IS_UUID() predicate returns 1 for all strings that can be parsed as a UUID.
That is, it checks for one of three ways to write the UUID, and that it contains only valid hex digits in the places that actually contain data. No attempt is made to validate any of the bits. Code is here, and the actual parsing happens here.
UUID_TO_BIN() function
MySQL allows three ways to write UUIDs, as a 128 bit hex string (6ccd780cbaba102695645b8c656024db), as a 128 bit hex string with dashes in the right places (6CCD780C-BABA-_PHONE_-5B8C656024DB) and as a 128 bit hex string with dashes in the right places and enclosed in curly braces ({6CCD780C-BABA-_PHONE_-5B8C656024DB}).
This is not a particular dense packing of data for storage. The UUID_TO_BIN() function takes any of these strings and returns a VARBINARY(16) for storage.
The function has an optional second parameter, the swap_flag. When applied to a Type 1 UUID, the time bytes are being swapped around so that chronological ascending UUIDs from the same node are also having numerically ascending values. This optimizes storage with InnoDB.
 - Type 1 UUID: It is recommended you define UUID columns as VARBINARY(16) and use theUUID_TO_BIN(uuid_string, 1) function to store data.
 - Type 6 UUID: You should use UUID_TO_BIN(uuid_string, 0) to store Type 6 UUIDs, because Type 6 has been specifically created to avoid the swapping of time bytes around.
 - Other types: These do not profit from swapping, so also use UUID_TO_BIN(uuid_string, 0).
BIN_TO_UUID function
The inverse function to UUID_TO_BIN is BIN_TO_UUID(). It needs the same swap_flag value as has been used at write time in order to unpack the data correctly.
It should hurt less
This all should hurt less.
 - MySQL should have a native UUID column type, which stores data internally in a VARBINARY(16) (or BINARY(16)).
 - It should accept all three notations as input (hex string, with dashes, with curly braces and dashes). It should return a hex string without dashes or curlies.
 - It should validate variant and type (version), allowing Types 1 to 6.
 - It should auto-convert (swap) data for Type 1, but not for any other type.
 - There should be a formatting function that turns a hex string without dashes into a UUID string with dashes, or a UUID string with dashes and curlies.
That is, I want to be able to
mysql> create table u ( u uuid not null primary key, dummy integer );
mysql> insert into u values (uuid(), 1);
mysql> select u from u\G
u: 6ccd780cbaba102695645b8c656024db
mysql> select format_uuid(u, 0) as u from u\G
u: 6CCD780C-BABA-_PHONE_-5B8C656024DB
mysql> select format_uuid(u) as u from u\G
u: 6CCD780C-BABA-_PHONE_-5B8C656024DB
mysql> select format_uuid(u, 1) as u from u\G
u: {6CCD780C-BABA-_PHONE_-5B8C656024DB}
and internally, this is stored as 0x1026BABA6CCD780C95645B8C656024DB, because variant is RFC 4122 and Type is 1.
For any other Type of the RFC 4122 the internal swapping does not happen.
Trying to store anything that is not a RFC 4122 variant is an error. Trying to store anything that is a RFC 4122 variant but not a Type 1 to 6 is an error.


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text: With homosexual rights playing a major role in the current Culture Wars, this study could not be timelier. The authors [America TFP research team] trace the homosexual liberation movement from its American origins in the 1940s, then into the promiscuous 1960s, and on to our present day. This book explains the mystic-erotic ideology behind homosexual liberation. The authors explode the romantic myth of homosexual love. They provide a wealth of information and facts to refute the slogans and bogus arguments of homosexual activists. The final part of the book surveys Christian thinking on homosexuality from the primitive Church to the Popes of today.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Down syndrome occurs in about 1 in 700 births. Children with
typical development learn to walk independently at about 12 months of age.
Those with Down syndrome typically learn to take independent steps at 24-28
months. Getting infants walking is critical
because this can delay the emergence other skills such as social skills, motor
skills, advancement of perception and spatial cognition.
According to the Center for Motor
Development at the University of Michigan, babies with Down Syndrome can learn
to walk earlier and better using a treadmill. In
the study, 30 infants were randomly assigned lower intensity, generalized treadmill
training, or high intensity, individualized treadmill training. The exercise
therapy was implemented in the homes by their parents. The exercise therapy was
used as a supplement to physical therapy. High intensity training included
increasing the treadmill belt speed, using longer durations, and adding light
weights to the ankles, with intensity tailored to each child. The parent sat on
a bench that straddled the treadmill and held the infant as the child took
steps on the treadmill. The duration of the exercise therapy was for eight
minutes a day, five days a week for three months.
Dale Ulrich, the director of the
Center for Motor Development at the University of Michigan suggests if
children with Down Syndrome are able to walk earlier and better, they are
able to explore their environment and learn about the world around them. He
also agrees that walking is a critical factor in the development of other
domains. Treadmills are about $1,200 each. The hope is that more hospitals and
Down syndrome parent organizations will rent the equipment to parents.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
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What's in the box
1 x KQ2T 10mm x 12mm Reducing Tee Pneumatic Air Push In One Touch Quick Fitting (10pcs)


text:
Lasik, Cataract, Chronic Dry Eye, laser vision correction fredericksburg, laser vision correction culpeper, laser vision correction, dry eyes treatment, dry eye symptoms, treatment for dry eyes, laser vision institute, photo refractive keratectomy, cataract fredericksburg, Dry Eyes Treatment
dry eyes treatment
Chronic Dry Eye
At Vista Eye Specialists we focus on the total health of your eyes. Some of our expertise include:
- Corneal Transplant Surgery
- DSEK (Partial-thickness Corneal Transplantation)
- Eye Lid Surgery / Blepharoplasty
- Pterygium Surgery
- Macular Degeneration
- Diabetic Eye Exam
- Dry Eye
- Schedule an Appointment
- Botox / Cosmetics
- Comprehensive Eye Exams
At Vista Eye, we have the special expertise required in the management of corneal disorders, especially in situations where corneal transplantation (the surgical replacement of the cornea) is needed. The cornea is the clear dome that serves as the window into the eye. The cornea bends light rays that focus on the retina in the back of the eye. Whenever the shape or clarity of the cornea is altered the patient experiences a loss of visual acuity. Often injury or disease can affect the cornea rendering this normally transparent tissue to become cloudy, ultimately limiting one's level of vision. If the cloudiness is significant, corneal transplantation may be necessary to remove the cloudy cornea and restore good vision.
There are many indications for corneal transplantation. Some of the more common ones include: Fuchs Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy, keratoconus when acceptable vision can no longer be obtained with glasses or contact lenses, corneal scarring as a result of injury, scarring that is the result of corneal infections, and failure of a previous corneal transplant.
Unlike cataract surgery where visual improvement is often seen within days, the healing process after corneal transplant surgery is typically much longer. While a patient is usually able to see well enough to perform most activities of daily living in the days following a corneal transplant, complete visual recovery is a slow process that takes 6 to 12 months or even longer. In addition, eye drops are usually necessary throughout this entire timeframe. With the technologically advance technique of partial corneal transplantation (DSEK) your recovery time may be significantly shortened. Ask Dr. Jani which corneal transplantation technique is right for you.
With proper care and follow up the surgical results can be excellent, helping many patients to regain vision and independence.
DSEK: PARTIAL-THICKNESS CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION
Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) is one of the more recent techniques in corneal transplantation. A DSEK procedure is a partial-thickness corneal transplant that replaces only the endothelial layer. This advanced technique, where appropriate, is a significant improvement over the standard corneal transplantation operation. The surgery itself takes less time with an experienced eye surgeon, involves a smaller surgical incision, requires far fewer stitches, heals faster and more reliably, and the vision returns faster.
There are several advantages to the DSEK operation compared to standard corneal transplant surgery. Since only the thin inner layer of the cornea is replaced, over 90% of the patient's own cornea remains behind contributing to greater structural integrity and may reduce the incidence of rejection. The smaller incision offers several benefits over traditional methods of corneal transplant such as Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP). Because the procedure is less invasive, DSEK leaves the eye much stronger and less prone to injury than full-thickness transplants. Additionally, DSEK has a more rapid rate of visual recovery. Vision is typically restored in one to three months rather than one to two years.
Who are candidates for DSEK?
Only patients with endothelial cell problems are candidates for DSEK. Patients with corneal scarring or other conditions will still require the full-thickness corneal transplantation procedure. There is a risk of the thin button of endothelium becoming displaced within the first few days or weeks after surgery and requiring a return trip to the operating room to reposition it, or the operation can be repeated with another button of donor endothelium. If the DSEK fails, either after one or multiple attempts, a traditional corneal transplant operation can still be performed.
EYE LID SURGERY / BLEPHAROPLASTY
Vista Eye offers the state-of-the-art eyelid surgery to minimize the signs of aging around the eyes.
Eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty) is a surgery that reshapes the upper eyelid and/or lower eyelid by the removal of excess tissue. It can reduce sagging or puffiness, folds, and under eye "bags" that create a tired or stressed appearance. Blepharoplasty may be recommended for you if your vision is impeded by skin hanging down around your eyes. More than any other facial feature, the eyes have a tremendous impact on your appearance, and are often the first feature to show signs of aging. With blepharoplasty surgery, Dr. Jani can remove the excess skin and underlying fat.
The blepharoplasty procedure is performed by making small external incisions along the natural lines of the eyelids, such as the creases of the upper lids and below the lashes of the lower lids. The skin is then separated from the underlying fatty tissue. Finally excess fat and excess skin are removed and the incisions closed. The procedure typically takes 30 minutes to two hours and the initial recovery takes one to two weeks for the swelling and bruising to resolve, while final results can be seen after several weeks to a few months.
Pterygium is a dense growth of tissue that grows across the cornea. Although the exact cause is unknown, it usually describes the condition of hazy vision and eye irritation usually caused by over-exposure to the sun's harmful UV rays or environmental irritants like dust and wind. When a pterygium is large, it can become inflamed and painful. It can also cause blurry vision because it interferes with the focusing ability of the eye. In extreme cases, the pterygium can grow completely across the front of the eyeball and lead to significant loss of vision.
At Vista Eye, the removal of pterygium may be a simple, in-office procedure that only takes about 10 minutes to perform. The surgeon will administer a local anesthetic to help the patient remain comfortable throughout the procedure. The pterygium will be removed in a no-stitch surgical procedure, after which the patient may experience some redness and irritation. To soothe the discomfort, your eye surgeon will prescribe an antibiotic ointment and patch the eye, which should be worn overnight. The patient will be required to return to our office the day after his or her procedure for follow-up treatment. There is very little downtime associated with pterygium removal, with most patients able to return to work and normal activities the next day.
If left untreated, the pterygium growth will most likely continue to the point that it will take over a significant part of the cornea, at which time the patient's vision could be almost completely blocked. Success rates with pterygium removal are typically very high, although there is a chance the pterygium may grow back following removal. If you are suffering from redness, irritation and blurry vision and are unable to find relief from glasses, contacts and artificial tears, you may be a candidate for pterygium removal.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve. When the pressure inside the eye rises, the optic nerve is damaged. The optic nerve connects the eye to brain, so that this affects the transmission of information from your eyes to your brain, resulting in eventual vision loss. The condition often develops over many years without causing pain or other noticeable symptoms – so you may not experience vision loss until the disease has progressed. Once diagnosed, glaucoma may cause irreversible optic nerve damage and blindness – there is no better reason for regular eye exams. With annual eye exams, vision loss from glaucoma can be prevented. Read More
Macular degeneration is a medical condition usually of older adults that results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the macula) because of damage to the retina. The macula is a part of the retina in the back of the eye that ensures that our central vision is clear and sharp. The macula is used for reading, driving, recognizing faces, and watching television.
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) occurs when the arteries that nourish the retina harden. Deprived of nutrients, the retinal tissues begins to weaken and die, causing vision loss. Patients may experience anything from a blurry, gray or distorted area to a blind spot in the center of their vision.
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of legal blindness in people over age 55. Macular degeneration doesn't cause total blindness because it doesn't affect the peripheral vision. Symptoms include a gradual loss of the ability to see objects clearly, a gradual loss of color vision, distorted or blurry vision, and dark/empty areas appearing in the center of your vision. Possible risk factors include genetics, age, diet, smoking and sunlight exposure.
Regular eye exams are highly recommended to detect macular degeneration early and prevent permanent vision loss. Recent developments in ophthalmology allow doctors to treat many patients with early-stage ARMD with


Should I increase pagefile size?
Increasing page file size may help prevent instabilities and crashing in Windows. … Having a larger page file is going to add extra work for your hard drive, causing everything else to run slower. Page file size should only be increased when encountering out-of-memory errors, and only as a temporary fix.
What is a good paging file size?
Ideally, your paging file size should be 1.5 times your physical memory at a minimum and up to 4 times the physical memory at most to ensure system stability.
Do you need a pagefile with 32GB of RAM?
Since you have 32GB of RAM you will rarely if ever need to use the page file — the page file in modern systems with lots of RAM is not really required..
Is it good to increase virtual memory?
Virtual memory is simulated RAM. … When virtual memory is increased, the empty space reserved for RAM overflow increases. Having enough available space is absolutely necessary for virtual memory and RAM to function properly. Virtual memory performance can be improved automatically by freeing up resources in the registry.
Read more How do I restart MMI?
Do I need a pagefile with 16GB of RAM?
You don't need a 16GB pagefile. I have mine set at 1GB with 12GB of RAM. You don't even want windows to try to page that much.
Does increasing paging file increase performance?
Increasing page file size may help prevent instabilities and crashing in Windows. However, a hard drive read/write times are much slower than what they would be if the data were in your computer memory. Having a larger page file is going to add extra work for your hard drive, causing everything else to run slower.
Why is my paging file so big?
sys files can take up a serious amount of space. This file is where your virtual memory resides. … This is disk space that subs in for main system RAM when you run out of that: real memory is temporarily backed up to your hard disk.
Is pagefile bad for SSD?
No, your paging file is rarely used if ever used with the 8GB of memory that you have, and when used even on an SSD it is far slower than system memory. Windows automatically sets the amount and the more memory you have the more it sets as virtual memory. So in other words the less you need it the more it gives you.
What happens if pagefile is too big?
The risk is that if you have too little RAM and you set the paging file too small or disable it, your programs could crash usually giving you an "Out of memory" error. … Put the pagefile on your HDD instead of you SSD and Set it to twice the size of your RAM. If you leave it on SSD and have 8GB RAM make it 12GB.
Read more What does DM stand for sexually?
Should I disable pagefile?
If programs start to use up all your available memory, they'll start crashing instead of being swapped out of the RAM into your page file. … In summary, there's no good reason to disable the page file — you'll get some hard drive space back, but the potential system instability won't be worth it.
Is Virtual Memory bad for SSD?
SSDs are slower than RAM, but faster than HDDs. So, the obvious place for an SSD to fit into virtual memory is as swap space (swap partion in Linux; page file in Windows). … I don't know how you would do that, but I agree that it would be a bad idea, since SSDs (flash memory) are slower than RAM.
Does increasing virtual memory increase FPS?
Is virtual memory worth tweaking to increase gaming performance? No, you would be better off either buying more RAM or closing down background programs in order to not have Windows need to utilise the virtual memory at all. Even the fastest NVMe drives are slow compared to RAM.
Will increasing RAM increase virtual memory?
Upgrading your RAM is the only way you can increase your virtual memory, by increasing the amount of overall memory available to the system. In that, you will alleviate the virtual memory issue during the process and could see a boost to your system speed, too.
What is the optimal virtual memory size for 16GB RAM?
For example with 16GB, you may want to enter Initial Size of 8000 MB and Maximum size of 12000 MB. Remember this is in MB, so you need to increase the numbers by 1000 for GB.
Read more How do I cut and paste a document?
Is pagefile needed?
You need to have a page file if you want to get the most out of your RAM, even if it is never used. … Having a page file gives the operating system more choices, and it will not make bad ones. There is no point in trying to put a page file in RAM.
How much virtual memory should I set for 16GB RAM?
Microsoft recommends that you set virtual memory to be no less than 1.5 times and no more than 3 times the amount of RAM on your computer.


text:
This example shows how to use the Graph Cut option in the Image Segmenter app to segment an image. Graph cut is a semiautomatic segmentation technique that you can use to segment an image into foreground and background elements. Graph cut segmentation does not require good initialization. You draw lines on the image, called scribbles, to identify what you want in the foreground and what you want in the background. The Image Segmenter segments the image automatically based on your scribbles and displays the segmented image. You can refine the segmentation by drawing more scribbles on the image until you are satisfied with the result.
The Graph Cut technique applies graph theory to image processing to achieve fast segmentation. The technique creates a graph of the image where each pixel is a node connected by weighted edges. The higher the probability that pixels are related the higher the weight. The algorithm cuts along weak edges, achieving the segmentation of objects in the image. The Image Segmenter uses a particular variety of the Graph Cut algorithm called lazysnapping. For information about another segmentation technique that is related to graph cut, see Segment Image Using Local Graph Cut (Grabcut) in Image Segmenter.
Read an image into the workspace. For this example, read the sample image
baby.png into the workspace.
b = imread('baby.jpg');
From the MATLAB® toolstrip, open the Image Segmenter app. On the Apps tab, in the Image Processing and Computer Vision section, click Image Segmenter.
On the app toolstrip, click Load, and then select Load Image from Workspace. In the Import from Workspace dialog box, select the image you read into the workspace. The Image Segmenter app displays the image you selected.
You can also open the app using the
imageSegmenter command, specifying the image:
On the Image Segmenter app toolstrip, select Graph Cut.
The Image Segmenter opens a new tab for Graph Cut segmentation. As a first step in Graph Cut segmentation, mark the elements of the image that you want to be in the foreground. When the Image Segmenter opens the Graph Cut tab, it preselects the Mark Foreground option. To mark an object as foreground, draw a line (also called a scribble) over the object. When you draw a line, try to include all the different values in the object you want to segment. You can draw as many separate lines as you like. If you are not satisfied with the lines you draw, you can always edit them. Click Erase and move the cursor over any part of the line you want to remove. If want to start over, click Clear Markings.
Next, click Mark Background and draw scribbles to mark the elements of the image you want to be the background. When you finish drawing the lines, the Image Segmenter immediately performs the segmentation (shown in blue).
To refine the segmentation, continue drawing foreground and background lines. For example, there are several areas near the bottom of the image that need to be removed from the foreground. To fix these problems, draw additional background lines on these parts of the image.
To get a better look at the segmentation, click Show Binary.
When you are satisfied with the segmentation, click Create Mask in the toolstrip on the Graph Cut tab. The app closes the Graph Cut tab and returns you to the Segmentation tab.
When you return to the main Segmentation tab, you can use tools to refine the mask image, such as Morphology and Active Contours. To save the mask image, click Export. You can also use the Export option to obtain the code the Image Segmenter app used to create the segmentation.


Changes in Chess Game to improve Thinking Power
Every step in chess game is a game by itself. For every step, we need to see the powers and positions of both players and decide the best step for that condition. This step does not depend on the past steps or future steps. It is a decision to be made for the current situation. Overall it is a game of many steps because all the steps are according to a strategy. But the strategy gets changed at every step. Better not to call it as change of strategy. We need to define a new strategy at every step depending on the current situation. So chess is a game of strategies.
When I play chess game with children, I show the mistakes that they make and I give suggestions for better steps and guide them. Some times children feel that I am playing the game from both sides. On the other side, if they lose the game every time, they lose interest in the game. If I also make mistakes to give better chances for the child to win, child does not learn anything and there is no use of playing the game. But sometimes I make mistakes as if that is done unknowingly and bring my game in toughest condition. Then I seriously fight back with the limited powers. That is challenging for me and for the child also.
It is difficult to find two family members with same level of expertise in playing chess game. Even among siblings, there is difference of expertise. When people play with different expertise, one person will win always. The other person will never play by knowing that he/she will lose always.
To facilitate two people with different expertise to play chess game and to promote chess game among family members, I am proposing some changes to the chess game. The changes are:
 1. Depending on the handicap (lack of expertise), the opponent is offered multiple "Colour swaps".
 1. Maximum 3 Colour swaps are allowed. Number of Colour swaps is decided at start of the game. It can be 1, 2 or 3.
 2. The following rules can be added, if required, on top of Colour swaps to restrict purposeful negligence.
 1. Colour swap is not allowed when it is in "Check"
 2. Preset minimum number of powers should be present with the handicapped player to allow Colour swap, like Queen should be alive or half of other powers should be alive, etc.
 2. For the players with same level of expertise, one Colour swap is allowed for each player.
 1. When a player requests for Colour swap, the opponent can also request for Colour swap immediately without making any step. Then the game will be same as the current chess game without any Colour swaps.
 2. Colour swap can be used when one of the players needs a clue on how to proceed further. Sometimes the game comes to a situation where we can guess who is going to win. Colour swap can be used in that situation to make the game challenging again.
Definition of Colour swap: After Colour swap, players exchange their places and play with opponent's coins. The player, who is playing with white coins, will play with black coins. The player, who is playing with black coins, will play with white coins. A player can request for Colour swap before making a step when it is his/her turn.
Chess game improves decision making powers, foresight, problem solving and thinking. Education gives knowledge. Having mere knowledge is not enough to survive. Chess game is the simplest, costless solution for gaining invaluable powers to survive. It can be played by anybody irrespective of their age, sex, economical status, educational qualification, expertise and physical strength. With my proposal, any two persons can play the game irrespective of their expertise in the game.
We need to encourage poor illiterates, especially women and girls, to play chess game as often as possible. We need to conduct frequent chess contests among girls in villages. It improves thinking and decision making power. With the proposed changes, children can play with other children or with parents or with grand parents irrespective of their expertise. Along with physical exercises children need mental exercises also. Chess game can give enough mental exercise for children. Government can supply chess boards to school children and poor villagers.
If chess game is downloaded to our mobile phone or laptop, it can be played anywhere without carrying the board. When we play with the computer, it is like a single player game. The game can be saved and resumed whenever we get time.


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Australia is moving two hundred and fifty metres to the north east
While most people will not feel the earth move, census clients may have heard about the change to mapping systems and want to know how it will affect Census mapping products.
In the mid 1990s Australia's mapping agencies agreed to adopt a new Geocentric Datum for Australia (GDA94) and to implement this new model of the earth in their mapping systems by the year 2000. Implementation is slightly behind schedule but some States have changed to the new datum and others will change in the next year.
The adoption of GDA94 will make Australian mapping directly compatible with the Global Positioning System (GPS) which is widely used for professional and recreational navigation. It will mean, however, that the coordinates or latitudes and longitudes of all Australian mapping will change by about 250 metres to the north east.
All ABS spatial data such as the Master Spatial Database (MSD), used for Census Collection District design and mapping, and the Reduced Output Spatial Database (ROSD), used in CDATA96, are currently on the old datum (AGD66). All ABS digital boundary files (CD, SLA, etc) are also on the old datum. The ABS GDA implementation strategy is to convert the MSD to the new datum during 2001 and to make all 2001 Census output products GDA compliant. In the meantime ABS clients are advised that:
If you have any complex inquiries regarding GDA94 or map datums simply send an e-mail to _EMAIL_ and you will be referred to the appropriate area.
- all ABS spatial data is currently AGD66 datum;
- 2001 Census output products including CDATA topography and boundaries will be GDA compliant;
- Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) 2001 Edition boundaries will be GDA compliant; and
- a new version of ASGC 1996 Edition boundaries will also be created on GDA datum so that they can be directly overlaid with 2001 boundaries.
This page last updated 25 July 2007


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Patricia Beatty's historical novels and her engagement with feminism
In this paper, I place Patricia Beatty's historical novels that feature girl protagonists in the context of the women's movement. I argue that Beatty, a self-identified feminist, writes into her novels a woman-centered history. In so doing, she was writing in the same tradition as women historians in the 1970s, who were challenging the absence of women from traditional historical narratives. In her novels set in the American West, she writes about women's domestic lives, their work, and their move toward independence and suffrage in the nineteenth century. In novels set in the Civil War and Reconstruction, she writes about the displacement of women mill workers in the South. She also addresses issues of prejudice and slavery. An analysis of the texts of Beatty's historical novels and her notes makes visible her attitudes and values toward feminism, which are based on the concept of equality rather than difference. Beatty's contribution to writing in women's history in her novels has largely been unrecognized, but her commitment to valuing the lives of women and the lives of others, who have been subjected to discrimination, cannot be doubted.
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The Economic and Political Weekly (EPW) is an important source of study material for IAS, especially for the current affairs segment. In this section, we give you the gist of the EPW magazine every week. The important topics covered in the weekly are analysed and explained in a simple language, all from a UPSC perspective.
1. Code on Wages and the Gig Economy
- The Code on Wages, 2019 subsumes four different laws governing the payment of wages and minimum wages in India, and "simplify and rationalise" the law.
- However, the definition of "employee" in the context of the rise of the "gig economy," is not updated hence they do not enjoy formal protection under the labour laws.
About Code on Wages
- The Code on Wages, based on the recommendations of the report of the Second National Commission on Labour in 2002, seeks to repeal and replace four separate legislation dealing with wages, namely:
- The Payment of Wages Act, 1936
- The Minimum Wages Act, 1948
- The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
- The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
Recent developments in labour laws
- The Supreme Court, in a judgement, ruled that women who worked from home doing piece work would be considered "employees" of the company which had engaged them to do so, even if there was no direct contract of employment between the two.
- Second important development was the passage of the Code on Wages, 2019 by the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha after having first been introduced in 2017.
Significance of the Developments
- These two developments gain significance at a time when job creation is not just slowing down, but the new reality is the widespread job losses resulting from structural changes in the Indian economy
- At the same time, the very nature of work and employment is changing thanks to technological changes. The so-called "gig economy" wants us to believe that we can all be "entrepreneurs," whether we are driving cars, delivering biryani, or writing code.
- Workers in the gig economy, unlike permanent employees, supposedly enjoy the freedom and flexibility of choosing their hours and employers.
- However, the reality is that they are largely doing poorly paid work with none of the legal protections and rights enjoyed by permanent employees.
- The recent judgment by the Supreme Court is the most emphatic rejection of the idea that an employee-employer relationship requires the employee to work at the employer's premises in any way.
- This reaffirms that the test to determine the relationship of employment is control and not necessarily location, this has large implications for workers in the gig economy.
What is a Gig Economy?
- An economy where workers are not necessarily working out of a fixed place of employment, whether at home or elsewhere.
- In a gig economy, temporary, flexible jobs are commonplace and companies tend toward hiring independent contractors and freelancers instead of full-time employees.
The Factors of a Gig Economy
- In the modern digital world, it's becoming increasingly common for people to work remotely or from home.
- This facilitates independent contracting work as many of those jobs don't require the freelancer to come into the office to work.
- Employers also have a wider range of applicants to choose from as they don't have to hire someone based on their proximity.
- Most times, employers cannot afford to hire full-time employees to do all the work they need to be done, so they hire part-time or temporary employees to take care of busier times or specific projects.
- On the side of the employee, people often find they need to move around or take multiple positions to afford the lifestyle they want.
- People also tend to change careers many times throughout their lives, so the gig economy can be viewed as a reflection of this occurring on a large scale.
- In effect, workers in a gig economy are more like entrepreneurs than traditional workers.
Criticisms of the Gig Economy
- Despite its benefits, there are some downsides to the gig economy. While not all employers lean toward hiring contracted employees.
- The gig economy trend can make it harder for full-time employees to develop fully in their careers since temporary employees are often cheaper to hire and more flexible in their availability.
- For some workers, the flexibility of working gigs can actually disrupt the work-life balance, sleep patterns, and activities of daily life.
- Flexibility in a gig economy often means that workers have to make themselves available any time gigs come up, regardless of their other needs, and must always be on the hunt for the next gig.
- The gig economy can give greater freedom of choice for the individual worker, it also means that the security of a steady job with regular pay, benefits, and a daily routine that has characterized work for generations are rapidly becoming a thing of the past.
- The lifestyle and exposure to risk that come with being an entrepreneur or freelancer may simply not be for everyone.
- Lastly, because of the fluid nature of gig economy transactions and relationships, long-term relationships between workers, employers, clients, and vendors can tend to erode.
- This can eliminate the benefits that flow from building long-term trust, customary practice, and familiarity with clients and employers.
Challenges in Defining employees
- On the face of it, the Code on Wages, in Section 2(k) contains a definition of "employee" far wider than any of the laws it repeals.
- Also, the definition includes those declared by the "appropriate government" (state or union) as employees.
- One common feature of platform workers in the gig economy is that they are not tied to any one particular platform by law. There are usually contractual terms to this effect, but the level of enforcement is unknown.
- This leaves open the question: Who is the employer?
- If a delivery person switches between two non-competing delivery apps, or even competing taxi apps, would they be considered an employee of both entities?
- Another issue specific to minimum wages is that the Code on Wages refers to those who are doing time work or piece work, what about those who are paid on the basis of tasks fulfilled?
- Even if interpretation gives a wide definition, how will their minimum wages be fixed in the absence of any guidance from the law?
- An expansive definition, even widely interpreted, may not, therefore, meet the needs of workers of the gig economy.
- At the very least, state governments will struggle to make sense of how to set minimum wages for workers in the gig economy.
- The fact that the Code on Wages remains somewhat backward-looking means that it risks becoming obsolete almost as soon as it becomes law.
- With the structural changes taking place in the Indian economy, where manifestations of the gig economy are prominent it might have been a worthwhile effort to go deeper into the definitions of "employee" and "employer" in the law itself.
- Far better, perhaps, would have been for the Code on Wages to acknowledge the workers of the gig economy and create separate provisions for them,
- These separate provisions must be made keeping in mind the peculiar nature of work and the trend of economic and technological change in the country.
- Needless to say, it looks like the task will now lie before the judiciary and possibly state governments to take the lead on the matter.
- As gig economy workers potentially organise and place their demands overpayment to their employers and governments, it is possible that the remedy will come in the form of judicial or state government intervention.
- While this might provide some succour to workers in the gig economy, it risks the fragmentation of gains as different courts take different approaches or state governments come up with entirely different regulatory mechanisms.
- Needless to say, both situations will create precisely the kinds of problems that the Code on Wages is supposed to solve, the uncertainty and confusion in the law.
2. Interest Rate and India's Economic Revival
- Apart from the trade war, media in the United States is actively discussing this in the context of a relative fall in the returns of long-term government bonds vis-à-vis bonds of shorter maturity; the so-called "inverted yield curve."
- The experience of government responses since the global recession of 2008, which preferred monetary easing over a genuine fiscal stimulus across the globe, does not inspire much confidence.
- Indian policymakers too do not seem to have learnt much from the global failure of monetary policy as a way out of a slowdown.
- There seems to be a general consensus among the policymakers, despite concrete evidence to the contrary, that economic activity can be manoeuvred through changes in the interest rates.
- The Reserve Bank of India has accepted the government's view and decreased the repo rates by 35 bps (100 bps = 1 per cent) in its last monetary policy review meeting.
- The expectation is that credit-financed private investment and consumption would pick up as a result of a fall in the cost of credit and bring the Indian economy back on its feet.
Why consumption cannot revive the economy
- A relationship between consumption and current income, that acts like a principle in is that consumption and current income is a cyclic process. So, when the expectations of future incomes is less, consumption will be unsuitable for revival
- It is for this reason that Keynes called consumption a passive factor when it came to the question of how to revive a flailing economy.
Role of Investors (Borrower)
- Two factors that is considered for investing is the profitability and the interest rate.
- When a company is running below capacity, it makes no sense to the invester, creating more capacity by investing only because the cost of loans have come down.
- Credit and its cost may be a necessary condition, but not a sufficient one to influence investment.
- This means that investment too is indirectly a function of demand


An Article on Benefits of transformational coaching
Transformational coaching is a method of teaching that aims to change the learners thinking, and lifestyle. There are Benefits of transformational coaching. Coaching involves teaching a learner on specific topic. Transformational coaching is conducted by a trained personnel.
The coaching has to encompass using all the essential reading materials, a spacious enclosed cool quite place, and trained personnel. A trained person delivers the best coaching services to learners. He/She summarizes notes into a simpler language, which is easy to understand.
Transformational coaching has to bring a positive impact to surrounding people. Not only should it bring a positive result to individual learners, but also influence other people in the surrounding.
The transformational coaching involve teaching in a deeper meaning. The process of teaching has to undergo through specific levels.
First a learner require to know the specific topic that is to be discussed on. The learners are supposed to discuss on the given topic. The discussion should be done in small organized group discussion.
Secondly, the learners are supposed to attend a class lecture led by their professional instructor.
The coaching period should take a duration of thirty minutes to one, and half hours. The stages for coaching are reading, elaboration, comprehending, summarizing, and evaluation.
When reading you just go through the given topic. In the first reading you need to gain the basic knowledge. The second reading is conducted by a trained person in a conducive cool place. Not necessary in an enclosed room but coaching can be done in any place. As long as the place is conducive for learning.
In the process of coaching, an instructor ensures he/she elaborates the topic in a simple language. The simplified content on a given topic are easy to read. It is the work of a coacher to dictate the notes.
After classroom lecture, a learner is supposed to take some minutes to memorize on recent coaching. The process of reflecting, and keeping in the relevant content in the memory is called comprehending.
The instruction on coaching ends with summarizing the topic, and evaluation. The evaluation method is a way of assessing the learners. The Benefits of transformational coaching can be achieved through carrying out an assignment. This is done by setting up simple questions, and doing an exercise on the same.
A learner should know the basic coaching stages that lead to Benefits of transformational coaching. This helps a person to change his/her lifestyle.
Sometimes we struggle to transform our way of living due to lack of knowledge. A little basic knowledge with wisdom helps to change a character. What if you could not have a clue on how to handle a problem?
The researcher have listed down basic relevant guidelines on how to perform a certain task. These guidelines helps people to coach
In summary the Benefits of transformational coaching converts a person from poverty to richness. If only you are hardworking, and can realize what you can do to improve your lifestyle.
Transformational coaching :-


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The Apotheosis of Venice by Paolo Veronese
Title: The Apotheosis of Venice
Artist: Paolo Veronese
Location: Doges Palace, Venice
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: 904 x 579 cm
The Apotheosis of Venice, also known as the Triumph of Venice, is a mythological allegory about the fight for peace and justice in Venice. The painting itself is of the victory that Venice had over the Pope and other Italian city-states. Veronese painted Mary as the allegorical figure for Venice. She is being crowned by Victory on top of clouds showing the audience that she is being taken up to heaven. At the bottom of the painting is the Rape of Europa which is the story of Europe's art heritage and its survival. To provide a little bit of history, the Triumph of Venice painting is located in the Doge's Palace because of the story behind the painting with the Doge. Leonardo Loredan was the 76th Doge in Venice; this was during the time of the War of the League of Cambria and the burgeoning of fine arts. At the time that Loredan was Doge, Italy was not very unified, rather, there was much division between states specifically with the Venetian republic and papal states. When Pope Alexander VI died two years after Loredan became Doge, Julius II took over. Under his reign, instead of letting the Venetian Republic control the territories, he created a feud with Spain, France, and the Roman Empire called the League of Cambria. His reason for this was to diminish influence on Northern Italy from the Venetians. With this in mind, the Papal states were afraid that, if Venice became the most powerful of all, it would eventually turn all the other papal states against the pope and God. However, in 1510, the papal states and the Venetian Republic became allies once again which led France to take over Padua, a Venetian city. Soon enough, the pope turned against Venice; therefore, bringing France and Venice together. They forced the pope to pay his debts and was able to regain any lost land including Padua. This meant victory over the League of Cambria. From this, Venetian art became popular; expressing their love for Venice through art. Two hundred years after Loredan died, Pompeo Batoni painted The Triumph of Venice in which Veronese looked to for his Apotheosis of Venice painting. In Apotheosis of Venice painting, Mary is the center figure that represents the virgin-Venice. She is being glorified and crowned for having victory over the Pope and gaining justice just as Mary is glorified for being the Queen of the Kingdom of Heaven. The rest of the painting depicts the different areas of Venetian society for example citizens from the papal states and the city-states. As far as the Rape of Europa, during World War II, the Nazis threatened to destroy any form of art that was related to history. The bottom of the painting is of the struggle for artistic freedom. The Venetian skies, animals, and historical stories were typical paintings of Veronese. He had a variety of artwork ranging from religious to secular paintings such as the Triumph of Venice and the Crucifixion.
Artble. Doge Leonardo Loredan Story-Theme.
Foundation Museums Venice. Palazzo Ducale.
The Rape of Europa. The Story. National Endowment for the Humanities.


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This communication reports the first ever use of the over ocean evaporation duct to implement a high-capacity radio link from the Australian mainland to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), North Queensland, Australia. Conventional long-distance radio communication techniques such as high-frequency (HF) radio, satellite, or cell phone are either too slow or too expensive to operate continuously in this situation. A microwave radio link overcomes these problems but would generally not be viable due to the limited range possible with a standard line-of-sight microwave link. This communication shows that by properly choosing the antenna height and operating frequency though, it is possible to trap signals in the ocean evaporation duct and substantially extend the propagation range. A 78-km link that operates at a frequency of 10.6 GHz and provides a data rate of 10 Mb/s has been established to verify the technique. The communication also provides preliminary results of the measured performance of this link and a comparison with existing radio propagation models.
Date of Publication: July 2009


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Ultra-thin Electronic Sensor System
for Marmoset's Brain Signal measurement
The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research,
We will develop implantable multichannel brain signal measurement system utilizing the state of the art technologies of "ultra-flexible, and –thin transistor integrated circuits and sensors" and "rubber-like stretchable elastic conductors and integrated circuits". Furthermore, with integrating ultra-flexible, and –thin light-emitting diodes and photo-detectors, we will adapt the system to optogenetics. Our research target is to measure wide range brain signals from small primate marmosets and contribute to unveiling the functional networks of the brain.


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Online bajo sexto tuning Pet sex cams
Luthiers eventually picked up on this practice and began leaving off the low E course during construction, producing instruments with only five courses—bajo quintos.Bajo sextos are traditionally tuned in fourths, what a guitarist would call all fourths tuning.Bajo sexto (Spanish: "sixth bass") is a Mexican string instrument with 12 strings in 6 double courses.A closely related instrument is the bajo quinto (Spanish: "fifth bass") which has 10 strings in 5 double courses.So, take a stroll down memory lane to remember all of our past Word of the Year selections.The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).The term "finger-picking" can also refer to a specific tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass, and country guitar playing in the United States.The acoustic bass guitar is a low-pitched instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar.
When played in older styles of music where the instrument assumes the role of a bass, the strings are usually plucked with the fingers.The electric guitar has had a major influence on popular culture.The guitar is used in a wide variety of musical genres worldwide.The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a "jazz guitar".
Search for online bajo sexto tuning:
In modern chordal and melodic styles, a pick is frequently used. There are few written sources, and until very recently most music dictionaries and encyclopedias didn't even mention the instrument.


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E.A. Elsayed gave a talk about reliability at UW-Madison last week. The most interesting topic he talked about was the mathematics of folding flat paper into intricate designs (origami!). Determining whether a series of creases can be flattened is NP-complete through a reduction from the Not-All-Equal 3-SAT*
There are some basic mathematical principles that describe whether folding is possible. For example, the angles formed at a corner must sum to 360 degrees or it cannot be flattened. For example, the pyramids of Egypt cannot be flattened.
- The regions between the creases can be colored with two colors, differing across each crease. Equivalently every vertex has an even number of creases.
- Maekawa's theorem: at any vertex the number of valley and mountain folds always differ by two in either direction.
- Kawasaki's theorem: at any vertex, the sum of all the odd angles adds up to 180 degrees, as do the even.
- A sheet can never penetrate a fold.
Make your own chevrom here:
* Bern, M. and Hayes, B., "The complexity of flat origami", Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, (1996) 175–183.
* Thomas C. Hull (2002). "The Combinatorics of Flat Folds: a Survey" (PDF). The Proceedings of the Third International Meeting of Origami Science, Mathematics, and Education. AK Peters. ISBN 978-1-56881-181-9.


A. No. When the Failover Clustering feature is enabled, a MAC from the machine is used for the fault tolerant (NetFT) network. If you used Sysprep to create an image of a machine after the Failover Cluster feature is enabled, all nodes created from this image would have the same MAC for the NetFT virtual adapter. This would break communications, and cluster validation would fail when this duplicate MAC for NetFT was detected—clustering won't work.
The solution is to use Sysprep before you enable the Failover Cluster feature, and enable the Failover Cluster feature after cloning through an unattended script.
As a best practice, you should have a minimal number of OS images and then customize them using unattended scripts and processes such as System Center Configuration Manager's task sequences. This is another reason you should have a Windows Server image and then automate the node joining a cluster through scripting, rather than having a specific "cluster node" image.
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"We have a majority and what is the use of letting the old fellows run the House?"
Michael J. Dowling
Speaker of the Minnesota House
There is no question that the story of former Speaker of the Minnesota House Michael J. Dowling's life is one of the most inspiring stories about overcoming the adversity of a disability. Dowling's early years were extremely challenging; with the loss of his mother at a very young age, he drifted alone through the upper Midwest from the age of 10 working on steamboats, lumber camps and farms. One fateful day in 1880, just outside of Canby, Minnesota, the 15-year-old farmhand was riding on the back of a wagon when he and his companions were assaulted unexpectedly by a gigantic Minnesota blizzard. He was accidentally thrown from the back of the wagon and because of the wind and blinding snow was lost by his companions to presumably perish in a 50° below wind-chill.
Fortunately for Dowling, he happened upon a hay mound while groping in the driving snow. He burrowed in for the evening and woke up the next morning to find his legs and arms frozen stiff. Both of his legs had to be amputated 6 inches below each knee along with his left arm below the elbow and most of the fingers of his right hand. If there was one thing that young Dowling learned in his years of drifting, it was how to fight and he determined not to let the circumstances defeat him. He eventually acquired prosthetic legs and arm and determined "there was just one thing for me to do if I did not have any legs or arms, and that was to polish up the machinery above my neck."
Over the next couple of years Dowling became a voracious reader and sought to teach himself as much as he could. He showed his prowess in political persuasion at age 17 by convincing the miserly Yellow Medicine County Board that the county taxpayers would be better off helping him pay his tuition at Carleton College in Northfield. He did not disappoint the citizens of his Yellow Medicine County by excelling at Carleton.
After graduation he became a teacher. He quickly rose to be superintendent of schools in Olivia and to own a local newspaper. In 1896 he served as a clerk in the Minnesota House of Representatives, a short-term temporary position of the time, and decided that he wanted to have a vote in that chamber. In 1900 he was elected to the House during a year when there was a wave of younger progressives winning seats throughout Minnesota. Taking his fearless attitude of attempting the impossible, he put together a coalition to become the only freshman legislator ever to be elected Speaker of the House, using the above-quoted slogan with his fellow members.
He was soon tapped by the McKinley administration and later went on to be a successful banker. Together with his wife he helped start the Dowling School for the disabled and a camp, which eventually became what is now known as the Courage Center. He also became world-renowned as an advocate for rehabilitation of disabled soldiers returning from WW I.
Last week's election saw another Minnesota progressive wave sweep the DFL party into the majority in both the House and the Senate. The new leadership positions are being established. Filling the seat of House Speaker will be six-term member Paul Thissen from Minneapolis. The majority leader in the House will be Rep. Erin Murphy from St. Paul. This breaks the past tradition of DFL of these two top caucus positions being divided between one urban member and one greater Minnesota number. This reflects the fact that with redistricting and the success of the DFL suburbs, two-thirds of its membership now resides in the seven county metro area. Actually the membership is nearly split evenly one-third between greater Minnesota, suburban and urban members.
The top spot in the Senate is the majority leader and that position goes to the architect of the Senate DFL takeover in the last election, Tom Bakk. He hails from the sprawling Senate district in the Arrowhead region. His assistant Majority Leaders will be freshman Senator Jeff Hayden from Minneapolis and third term Senator Katie Sieben from a suburban district south and east of St. Paul. She has been a leader in our community in the area protecting drinking water from industrial chemical pollution.
As of the writing of this blog, we also do know two of our key chairmen in the conservation area. Environmental champion John Marty from Roseville will be serving as the Environment and Energy Policy committee chair. Iron Ranger David Tomassoni will oversee the Environment, Economic Development & Ag Finance Division that will likely be affectionately known as the "frogs, jobs and hogs" division.
There are several other important decisions that still need to be made in the organization of the legislature. Nonetheless, most conservation and environment groups are feeling positive going into this next legislative session. The general feeling is positive, but there are always challenges in protecting our great outdoors regardless of which party is in control.
*Rehabilitation of the Wounded, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, volume LXXX, November 1918, pp. 47-48.


For many of us gadgets are more than just a useful piece of kit. Technology can really get under your skin, and become part of your belief system and behaviour.
Whether it's a gizmo that changed your life, an ancient computer you loved, or a programming language that took months to master before it finally clicked. But since it landed in your life, nothing's been the same.
"And the metaphor of religious wars or cults is pretty accurate - just as a person's religion becomes the main framework for apprehending reality, so does the OS of choice."
Of course, the word 'cult' tends to have negative connotations, such as mind control, so if it makes you feel better, call it a club. Either way, you may well belong to one or more of the many tech cults/clubs out in the wild - perhaps even some of the following seven…
NEXT PAGE: The way of the Palm
 1. How a tech company can shape your whole belief system
 2. The way of the Palm
 3. Brotherhood of the Ruby
 4. The Ubuntu tribe
 5. The Commodorians
 6. The Order of the Lisp
 7. Monks of the Midrange
 8. The Tao of Newton


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Disciplinas de Estudio [DdE]>
Any class or type of sound which once existed, but has since been replaced, superseded, or has otherwise ceased to be heard except as a museum artifact. Disappearing sounds are generally those associated with social activity, although some natural species and their sounds have also become extinct. When the energy forms used in society change, many direct and indirect acoustic changes result. As travel by horse gave way to mechanized transport, the sounds of shoed horsehooves, reins, sleighbells, and wagonwheels disappeared, but so did the sound of the blacksmith and wheelwright.
In some cases an interesting morphology occurs if the characteristic sound undergoes a metamorphosis, rather than simple extinction. The development of the hunting horn and post horn, for instance, through the steam whistle and compressed air horn to the modern, electrically driven devices is a typical such progression. Sometimes, changing materials form the basis of acoustic change : earthenware to glass and then plastic, for instance. Road surfaces show another interesting progression with a strong acoustic component.
Often disappearing sounds become sound romances, and if recalled, as for instance in earwitness accounts, or through recordings, may trigger extensive memories of the past. In many cases, the sounds involved did not seem important to the person at the time, and their actual passing may have gone unnoticed. One important activity of soundscape studies is the careful collection and archival documentation of disappearing sounds.
(Source : Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)
See also,,
Soundwalk (Caminata Sonora)


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War Bonds are issued by Reto-Moto as a way for fans and serious players to help finance the development of the game, and at the same time get something useful in return for their contribution. Within the game, War Bonds work in the same way as the historical war bonds issued by governments during times of conflict. When the great nations clashed they all needed the basic resource of war money.
The United States Government issued public bonds to raise enough money to finance the war machine. President Roosevelt bought the first bond of the new Series-E bonds (wikipedia:Series E bond).
Germany never issued any war bonds publically in World War 2. In 1914, at the start of WW1, Germany had tried to float a major loan on Wall Street and it failed miserably, resulting in the government issuing various bonds such as the public war bond (Kriegsanleihe) to finance the war effort. While this raised some 100 billion Marks, it only covered two-thirds of the cost of the war, and the interest payable as well as the post-war reparations imposed on Germany (some 132 billion Marks, equivalent to US $442 billion today), essentially crippled the German government in years leading up to World War 2 - in fact the German government did not finish fully repaying its World War I debts until 2010.
To avoid risking another failure (highly likely given Germany's foreign policy of the 1930's) that could bring uncertainty to the public regarding the strength of the country, Germany instead borrowed directly from domestic banks. Using short-term war bonds as collateral, this resulted in the funds sitting within some 40 million bank and investment accounts being quietly transferred to the Reich, essentially a continuous supply of money.
An Example[edit | edit source]
Bonds[edit | edit source]
The word Bond is taken from the early English word band, which means a fastening. The word bond implies that one is "bound" to repay an obligation.
A Bond is a financial 'instrument'. It is basically a loan, where the the bond issuer (in this case, the game developer, Reto-Moto) borrows money from the bond holder (in this case, the player). The actual bond is an object recognised by both parties and by the relevant governing laws, which proves that the bond issuer owes money to the bond holder. In the real world a bond is often treated as form of currency, and this object, whether a physical piece of paper or an electronic record in a database, can be traded on the stock-exchange or cashed in at an institution such as a bank which recognises it. The key difference between a simple loan and a bond, is that the bond will generally be for a fixed term (with no early repayments or extensions), the interest rate on the bond is set by the issuer, and often is not paid until at the end of the term, not progressively as in a normal loan.
A War Bond is a special kind of bond, that is issued by governments with the purpose of financing a war. They are usually somewhat restricted (they cannot be traded for example) because they also serve as a way for the government to keep inflation in check while the state is unstable (war brings uncertainty).
As a game mechanic in Heroes & Generals, technically the bond is the same as an item or weapon. Once you buy it, you have it. At this time War Bonds are kept in the database attached to your account, so you don't need to worry about losing them.
Interest[edit | edit source]
It is not free to borrow money (as players with a house mortgage will know) so the bond issuer (in this case Reto-Moto) will have to pay a price for the loan. The price is called the interest or the coupon (back in the old days the bond had actual paper coupons attached to them and the bondholder could go to a bank and exchange the coupon for money).
The coupon (or interest) is usually a percentage of the loan payed with fixed intervals (in our case, 1 payment each month). The interest is paid by the bond issuer until the bond expires.
As noted above, it is the bond issuer that decides the interest they will pay on the bond. In the real world the interest is taken as a measure of risk. The higher the interest the higher the risk.
For example, Danish State Bonds pay (as of time of writing) 1.64% interest and are considered low risk - Denmark's AAA credit rating indicates it is considered a very financially stable country.
In contrast, Spanish State Bonds at the time of writing, pay an interest rate of close to 6% - at first an attractive prospect to investors, but there is a considerable risk that the Spanish government may not be able to pay either the value of the bond, or the interest - this results in the bonds earning the nickname "junk bonds". These High-yield Bonds as they are technically known, sit at the riskier part of the investment spectrum, with only highly skilled, or lucky, investors being able to make enormous amounts of money picking out the few good ones.
Expiration[edit | edit source]
When the bond expires (or matures as they say in the finance world), the bond issuer will pay back the loan to the bond holder. In Heroes & Generals this means you will get your gold back in 6 months.
The length of time until the bond expires (matures) can be anything. In real life the maturity is most often between 1 year and 30 years. In a game like H&G it is not practical to have maturity for that long (and who knows where the game will be in 30 years ;-) ), so we've decided that the first batch will have maturity of 6 months. (And in a game where a well planned war can last months of real time play, 6 months actually works out quite realistically as an "in game" mechanic.)
In real world markets, bonds with short maturity dates (1 year) are often used more as'money market instruments' than actual bonds. This means they are used to 'correct' pricing and 'quality'. In H&G you cannot currently trade your War Bonds to other players (even though it may be interesting to be able to do that some time).
Additionally, some real world bonds grant the issuer the right to 'call'. This means that the lender can at any time choose to repay his loan. In the interests of simplicity, H&G does not have this option, so you will keep your War Bonds until the expiration date.
Nominal Value[edit | edit source]
The value of the bond is called the Nominal Value or face value because it is the value actually written on the bond. This is the amount of money that the bond issuer will have to pay back to the bond holder when the bond expires. Our first series of War Bonds have a Nominal Value of 1000G. We might issue new bonds with different values in the future.
Sometimes the Nominal Value is set really high if the issuer only want heavy financial institutions to buy their bonds. Some old companies also practice this with their stock. Keeping few stock at a high price ensures that the buyers are somewhat serious.
Issue Price[edit | edit source]
When the bond is first offered to buyers it might have a different price than the Nominal Value; this price is called the issue price. In our H&G example image to the left, the player pays 955G for the warbond.
The issue price is sometimes set lower than the nominal value in order to attract buyers. When the bond is traded on a stock exchange the issue price is variable. It becomes a measure of the risk involved in the bond. Low price means high risk. You can think of it as the bond holder's chance of getting his money back at expiration.
Sometimes the issue price is higher than the nominal price. This might sound weird, but it reflects very secure investments and in this case the higher price reflects the compounded interest for the entire duration. The Danish state bond that expires in 2039 with the interest of 4,5% have an issue price of 142dkk for a bond with the nominal value of 100dkk. This again reflects that investors are very confident that the state of Denmark is able to repay it's debt. It is considered a'safe haven' for investors to place their money while the rest of the global financial market is in turmoil.
See Also[edit | edit source]


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Mississippi Board of Education
The Mississippi Board of Education is made up of nine members. Each member is appointed according to the rules in the Mississippi Constitution. The Board appoints the State Superintendent of Education, sets public education policy and oversees the Mississippi Department of Education.
Section 203 of the Mississippi Constitution was amended on July 1, 1984. It requires that the Mississippi Governor shall appoint one (1) member from Mississippi's Northern Supreme Court District, one (1) member from Mississippi's Central Supreme Court District, one (1) member from Mississippi's Southern Supreme Court District, one (1) member who is employed as a school administrator, and one (1) member who is employed as a public school teacher. Additionally, the Lieutenant Governor shall appoint two (2) members at-large, and the Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives shall appoint two (2) members at-large.
Educational Priorities and Board Mission
In its role as a policy maker, the Board of Education has a vision, mission, and set of goals. To further its efforts to create a world-class education system, the Board has also published its legislative priorities for the 2013 legislative year. You can view the board's 2013 legislative priorities here.
Current Board Members


_USER_{Behfar, author = {Pirtaj Hamedani, Anahita and Behfar, Mehdi and Tehrani, Aliasghar and }, title = {Effect of Oral Administration of Silymarin on Healing Full-thickness Gastric Wound in Rats}, volume = {14}, number = {8}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Gastrotomy can be accompanied by serious postoperative complications. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of silymarin on the histopathological and biomechanical characteristics of the gastric wall after experimental gastrotomy in rats. Methods: Full-thickness incision on the gastric wall and then suturing were conducted on 36 male Wistar rats. In the negative control group, 2 ml of normal saline was orally administered once a day (for 5 days). Moreover, omeprazole (3.6 mg/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) in the positive control and treatment groups were administered in a similar manner, respectively. Euthanasia and sampling were performed on the 6th day. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Histopathological findings demonstrated a significant increase in the maturation of fibroblasts, deposition and arrangement of collagen, angiogenesis, and formation of epithelial layer in the silymarin treatment group, compared to the two control groups. According to the results, the infiltration of inflammatory cells significantly reduced in the omeprazole and silymarin treatment groups in comparison to that reported for the negative control group. The levels of maximum strength, yield strength, stress, and energy absorption were higher in the silymarin-treated group, compared to those reported for other groups. Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study showed that the oral administration of silymarin improved the tissue indicators of wound healing and its biomechanical features in the experimental model of the full-thickness gastric wound in rats. Based on the results, it is recommended to administer silymarin following gastrotomy. }, URL = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ journal = {Qom Univ Med Sci J}, doi = {10.29252/qums.14.8.10}, year = {2020} }


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The researchers' primary interest was tracking wages after respondents started their first jobs, and they found a clear correlation between wage growth and smoking. Munasinghe and Sicherman found a 4.7 percent gap (after controlling for a range of family and individual characteristics) between smokers' and nonsmokers' first wages (what people were paid at their first full-time job).
Though this result was consistent with many previous findings that smokers earn less than nonsmokers, earlier studies didn't take wage dynamics into account. Because Munasinghe and Sicherman did consider wage dynamics, their results were more definitive: over the first decade of employment, the difference in wages increased dramatically — nonsmokers' wages grew to be anywhere from 15 to 40 percent higher than those of smokers. The far-reaching NLSY data allowed the researchers to eliminate variables other than smoking — including sex, age, race, health, schooling, cognitive ability, religion and neighborhood income — that might correlate with the wage changes they observed.
Source: Science Daily


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|Navigate: Home >> Faculty and Staff >> Smith, Monica >> Current Research >> Sisupalgarh Project|
The Sisupalgarh Project is a multiseason archaeological research project at the ancient city of Sisupalgarh in eastern India. Occupied from approximately the 3rd century B.C. to 4th century A.D., this urban area was surrounded by dramatic walls early in its occupation.
A fortified site of impressive proportions, the 130-hectare city of Sisupalgarh had local, regional and long-distance ties with sites throughout the Indian subcontinent as documented archaeologically through the widespread distribution of ceramics, metal, and stone objects. Through a two-year program of systematic surface-survey, the distribution of these artifacts was correlated with evidence for manufacturing activities to assess the city's economic organization.
The site is located on the SE edge of modern Bhubaneswar in eastern India. The site was excavated in 1948 and again in 1950 by the Archaeological Survey of India. These excavations provided stratigraphic information about the construction of the walls, and the layout of a small portion of residential habitation. Building from these initial investigations, this project assesses the city from a whole-site perspective to evaluate whether there were different zones of activity, where the inhabitants of the city may have come from, and the relationships that they had with each other.
Monica L. Smith
The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology
304 Haines & A351 Fowler
Office: _PHONE_
South Asian Lab: _PHONE_


Excel ISERROR Function – How To Use
The Excel ISERROR function checks whether a value is an error. The function only returns TRUE upon finding an error and returns FALSE for all other values.
ISERROR, which literally means 'Is error?', tests all types of Excel errors. Making its entry into the Excel world in 2003, ISERROR comes from a group of IS functions that results in TRUE or FALSE. The syntax of the ISERROR function is just one value argument (like all the other members from the IS functions family). Let's have a look.
Excel ISERROR Function
The syntax of the ISERROR function is as follows:
value – The value or expression that needs to be tested for errors.
Important Characteristics of ISERROR Function in Excel
 - The ISERROR function deals with all formula errors in Excel, the function returns TRUE when it finds an error, otherwise, it returns FALSE.
 - ISERROR is most commonly used with the IF function to find and handle errors.
 - In Excel 2007 or higher, you can use the IFERROR function instead of using ISERROR with the IF function to handle errors.
Examples of ISERROR Function
Let's have a look at the basic work of ISERROR before we go into expanding its functionality.
Example 1 – Simple ISERROR function
The ISERROR function in its plainest form would look something like this:
Here, column A is listed with all possible Excel errors. We are using the ISERROR function at its simplest to check column A for errors:
The ISERROR function finds an error in "A2" and returns "TRUE". The same goes with cells "A3" to "A8" all of which contain different error types. ISERROR results in FALSE upon finding no errors in "A9" and "A10". This shows that the ISERROR function traps all types of formula errors.
Now that the ISERROR function has made its introduction, let's see what else it can do.
Example 2 – ISERROR function with IF function
The IF function in Exel is the easiest way to get most functions to be more user-oriented. The IF function checks if a given condition is met or not and returns the value set for either case. Let's say we are in favor of attaining these custom values and not TRUE/FALSE. Using the ISERROR and IF functions together will help us with that. Let's refer to an example.
Here, we have a dataset from 10 types of T-shirts. The data we have regarding the T-shirts are the total sales for each design type and its unit price. Our objective is to calculate the units sold of each type (dividing sales by price).
The _TAG_/0 errors have occurred due to some missing prices of products. These don't give our worksheet a nice look. Let's try to present these errors in a better way.
Using the following formula, we have swapped the _TAG_/0 errors out with a custom value "Error!":
Starting with the "Basic half sleeve T-shirt" in cell B2, the ISERROR function checks "B2/C2" for errors. Since, in this case, no errors are found; ISERROR's result is FALSE. For a FALSE result, the IF function is set to display the result of "B2/C2" (which is 2,418.90/21.99 = "110").
Now, let's analyze cell D6. Since the 'Yoke neck T-shirt' is out of stock so its price and total sales numbers are not available. Here, the ISERROR function checks "B6/C6" for an error and finds a _TAG_/0 error (0/0 = _TAG_/0), so ISERROR returns a TRUE. For a TRUE result, instead of showing the _TAG_/0 error, the IF function is set to display the supplied value "Error!".
Example 3 – ISERROR function with the SUM function
We can use the SUM and ISERROR functions to count the total number of errors in a range of cells.
Let's take a look at Example 1.
The formula used is:
Note: This is an array formula and must be entered with Ctrl + Shift + Enter keys, except in Excel 365.
The ISERROR function applied to the range on its own will split into the supplied cell range and give the result of each cell individually like this:
Upon finding errors from "A2" to "A8" and no errors in "A9" and "A10", the result of the ISERROR function is TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE. The double unary operator in the formula converts TRUE and FALSE into their respective numeric values as 1 and 0. The result now is 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0. The SUM function takes ISERROR's result, adds it up, and displays "7" as the final result.
IFERROR is like having the ISERROR and IF functions combined in one to give us lesser work to do. Upon finding an error, the IFERROR function returns a custom value otherwise it returns the value of the expression itself.
Sounds like a winning situation. Let's see if it is.
Here we have used the data from Example 2 but switched IF and ISERROR functions for the IFERROR function alone. Here's the formula we used:
How does it work?
The IFERROR function checks "B2/C2" for errors, it finds the expression error-free and returns the result of the expression as it is (which is "110"). Coming down to the _TAG_/0 error in cell D6. Since B6/C6 results in a _TAG_/0 error, so the IFERROR traps the error and returns a custom value "Error!" which it displays as the final result.
Now it looks like a winning situation too; we have attained exactly the same results as with the ISERROR and IF functions combined. Also, note how simple and easy to read this formula is in comparison to Example 2.
How to Choose Between ISERROR & IFERROR
Both functions cover all Excel kinds of formula errors.
The ISERROR function by itself will result in TRUE/FALSE and hence requires the IF function to return a more meaningful output.
The IFERROR function on the other hand returns a custom output when the supplied expression results in an error. It is simpler than using ISERROR and IF together.
Another point worth noting is – IFERROR function automatically assumes that you will always want the result of the expression if your expression doesn't have any errors. ISERROR, on the other hand, gives you a boolean value (either TRUE or a FALSE), and when combined with the IF function, it allows you to have more control over the result in both outcomes.
Why has there been so much emphasis on ISERROR covering all Excel errors? There are some functions that by design deal with lesser errors.
Little brother of ISERROR, ISERR deals with all Excel errors except the _TAG_/A error. ISERR function returns TRUE if any error (except the _TAG_/A error) is detected and FALSE for _TAG_/A errors and all other values.
This may seem like a shortfall but could be handy where _TAG_/A errors don't need to be accounted for by the function and need to stand out as missing information instead of other errors. Let's look into this with an example.
We are trying to find the units sold of certain shirt types with this formula:
=IF(ISERR(VLOOKUP(F6,$A$2:$D$11,4,0)), "Error!", (VLOOKUP(F6,$A$2:$D$11,4,0)))
That seems like a lot to take in but that's why we're here.
In the first case, VLOOKUP's job is to find the value mentioned in cell "F6" from the first column of the table "A2:D:11" (the "$" signs are to keep this table constant in the formula). The value to return is in the "4th" column. "0" in the formula means that an exact match must be found by VLOOKUP.
This formula finds "Longline T-shirt" in column A, picks up the corresponding value from column D which is a "76". Next, the ISERR function evaluates VLOOKUP's result, which is not an error and so "76" is returned as the final outcome.
In the second instance, VLOOKUP was unable to find "Shortline T-shirt" in column A as it is not listed in our dataset. VLOOKUP returns the _TAG_/A error. The result is passed to ISERR which does not handle _TAG_/A errors and displays the _TAG_/A error. This outcome is favorable in this case as using the ISERR function will account for other errors and deliver "Error!" and _TAG_/A errors will show up to indicate that data is missing.
All things the same, this is what will happen if we replaced ISERR with ISERROR:
The ISERROR function traps all errors including the _TAG_/A errors. This makes it hard to pinpoint that the error in the second instance is because "Shortline T-shirt" is missing from our set of data. In this instance, it's more helpful to use the ISERR function.
How to Choose Between ISERROR & ISERR
The _TAG_/A error usually comes up with lookup functions so, if the worksheet in question is not working with lookup functions, good chances are that the _TAG_/A error won't pop up to ruin the day. In that case, there isn't a need for dealing with _TAG_/A errors and the ISERR function would be a good