4 Reasons Why Your Agency Should Try Sales Enablement
Does your agency abide by sales enablement best practices? If not, why not? Here's everything you need to know about how sales enablement can better your agency.
Written by Matt Tomlinson
Sales enablement | 3 minute read
Sales enablement can be massively beneficial to your business. Whether it's improving productivity, generating better-qualified leads or just generally increasing profit, implementing sales enablement best practices can be massively effective for your company.
But don't just take our word for it. This post will explain what sales enablement is and why your business should be using it. Trust us, once you've started implementing sales enablement best practices, you'll never look back.
What is Sales Enablement?
Sales enablement is the process that focuses on giving your sales department the tools to hold more valuable conversations with prospects and form more qualified leads. Sales enablement is proven to increase productivity. By targeting capabilities within the team, it enables them to work more efficiently and all pull in the same direction towards an agreed end goal.
Sales enablement encourages the alignment of both your sales and marketing departments. Although, in the past, it hasn't been as simple as that. It's often the case that sales and marketing departments don't have the strongest relationship between each other so in some cases, it's proved difficult for them to dovetail and work well in a partnership.
But, that mentality needs to be left in the past. Your marketing and sales departments need to be aligned more than ever. This is due to buyer behaviour evolving over the years. They're now more in control of the situation than ever before. Buyers are now more digitally-driven than they've ever been, which reiterates the need for your sales and marketing teams to work together and continuously integrate.
Both departments know different things about the customer, therefore can bring their own ideas and research to the plate. This is a no-brainer that it'll undoubtedly lead to more detailed leads, so why agencies are opting against it is beyond us.
What are the Benefits of Sales Enablement?
1. Provides Sales Departments With Valuable Data
The more background information that your sales department know about your prospects, then the more angles and scope of conversation they can lead with. You're cutting out the potential guesswork and saving time that it'd take a salesperson to find out this information in the first place.
By providing your sales team with information surrounding buyer behaviour, motivations and pain points, you're giving them so many angles to target their sales. Your sales team can dictate how the conversation will flow and what points they're going to draw on to cement in a sale.
It leaves them in an authoritative position of the sale which is the position you always want to be in.
This increases the chances of converting leads substantially. If you can tailor your approach to something you know that the buyer is struggling with and appeals to them, then you're starting off in a winning position.
2. Build Strong and Lasting Relationships
Everybody loves receiving a tailored service, don't they? Whether it's the local chippy remembering your usual or a marketing agency remembering a prospect's pain points, needs and concerns, tailored service is always the way to go.
Think of it this way. As a prospect, are you likely to opt to work with a partner who understands you from top to bottom or the one who is giving a generic speech to just another random name on a list? It's going to be the first one.
Sales enablement ensures that your sales team has all the information they require in order to develop lasting, meaningful relationships with different prospects over time. So, you're likely to be in better stead to close a deal.
3. Keep in Touch with Buyers More Effectively
Nurturing a lead is a vital part of maintaining a relationship with a prospect and maximising the potential chances of closing a lead. Randomly calling or dropping an email to leads who haven't shown any interest is a waste of time for everyone involved.
Sales enablement allows your department to continually nurture qualified leads by providing them with relevant information based on their unique needs. Nurturing leads keeps your company in the mind of the prospect, especially when they're still in the process of making a decision.
4. More Successful Sales Figures and Increased Revenue
This is the main reason why your company should try sales enablement best practices. If your sales figures and revenue is going to increase, then why would you ever opt against trying it?
Sales enablement results in the increase of closed deals and deal opportunities, therefore the more deals you agree on, the more revenue you're going to have coming into your business. Winner. All of the above reasons are the explanation for why sales enablement increases your revenue.
Interested in Closing More Deals With Sales Enablement?
Sales enablement is a relatively new concept and not everyone knows the true benefits of aligning both teams and helping sales teams close more deals, which is where we come in. At Digital 22, we're industry experts and have all the right tools in place to help your business succeed with sales enablement.
To make it much easier to understand, we've created a comprehensive eBook about all things sales enablement to help your sales team close more leads.
From the current state of the sales landscape right through to succeeding with sales enablement and tips on how to realign both teams, grab your free copy and get stuck into all the useful knowledge by hitting the download button below.
We're just tying up the loose ends now so while you're waiting (which won't be very long, we promise!), sign up to our Facebook group, Inbound After Hours. We'll be talking about inbound marketing, sales enablement and more.


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REVIEW: Biosynthesis, Release, and Uptake of Carnosine in Primary Cultures
A. Bakardjiev* and K. Bauer
Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; fax: +49-_PHONE_; E-mail: _EMAIL_
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received November 15, 1999
Biosynthesis, release, and uptake of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) in highly enriched primary cell cultures of skeletal muscle and CNS tissue have been investigated. The synthesis is restricted to muscle cells, oligodendrocytes, and ensheathing cells of olfactory bulb and increases during differentiation of these cells. Astrocytes, in contrast, do not synthesize carnosine but are equipped with a dipeptide transporter by which carnosine is taken up very efficiently.
KEY WORDS: carnosine, glia cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ensheathing cells


text:
Leaders from every generation depend on the same ingredient to get things done, trust. Building intergenerational trust may be the glue that will hold teams together and get them to produce outstanding results. In this HCI Keynote, Jeffrey Vargas, Chief Learning Officer at the Commodities Trade Commission, explores the art and science of becoming a trusted intergenerational leader.
Key insights include:
- A summary of research on trust and how it differs across generations
- How our obsession with Millennials may create conflict with Generation X employees
- Advice from Aristotle and others on how to inspire trust across all generations

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Iowa Public Television
The Waste In Our Water
posted on March 15, 2002
The waste in water.
In a study of 139 streams in 30 states, the most frequently detected compounds included: plant and animal steroids, insect repellent, and caffeine.
The issue is particularly sensitive in farm states where antibiotics fed to hogs and chicken end up in rivers.
The USGS says it is uncertain if the contaminants found in the water pose a potential health threat to humans or aquatic life.
Tags: geology news pollution rivers water water quality


text:
The Lainzer Tiergarten is a 24.50 km² (6,054-acre) wildlife preserve in the southwest corner of Vienna, Austria, 80% of it being covered in woodland. It dates back to 1561, when Ferdinand I of Austria created it as a fenced-in hunting ground for his family to use. Since 1919, it has been open to the public. Its name consists of its location by the Lainz district of Vienna's 13th District, and Tiergarten, which means zoo (literally, "animal garden").
The Lainzer Tiergarten is located mostly in Vienna's 13th district, with a small adjacent portion lying in Laab im Walde, Lower Austria. The Wien River is located to its north, the Liesingerbach to its south.
The Lainzer Tiergarten was created by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1561, when the area was fenced off by a wooden fence, to allow for a private hunting ground. In 1781, the wooden fence was replaced by a stone wall. After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the hunting grounds became a public nature preserve, and have remained so ever since, with the exception of the time period of 1940 to 1955, when the entire grounds were closed. An admission fee existed until 1973, after which the preserve became accessible for free.
A large portion of the Lainzer Tiergarten was lost after World War I, when the Friedenstadt ("Peace City") neighborhood was constructed in its eastern portion. The old wall can still be seen in the Hörndlwald woods east of the Lainzer Tor.
Due to construction of the Westautobahn in the 1960s, a corner in the northwest of the preserve was also lost. This time there was compensation, however, as a portion of the Laaber Wald, adjacent to the southwest corner, was annexed.
The preserve is surrounded by approximately 22 kilometers (14 mi) of wall. There are seven gates, with different operating hours. Clockwise these are:
- Lainzer Tor (main gate)
- Laaber Tor
- Sankt Veiter Tor
The entire preserve is open for approximately nine months of the year, from early March to early November. In the remaining months only the park around the Hermesvilla, accessible from the Lainzer Tor is open. Between Christmas and the New Year, the entire park opens, but is only accessible from the Lainzer Tor and Nikolaitor.
Lainzer Tor
As it is open year-round, and is home to a visitor center, the Lainzer Tor is the preserve's main gate. It is also the origin and the terminus of a 2.2 km (1.4 mi) walk to the Hermesvilla, which can often also be ridden via horse carriage. Public restrooms are also located near the gate, as is a water fountain. This is also one of two gates that has a parking lot.
The Lainzer Tor is located at the end of Hermesstraße, and is reachable using the 60B bus, which connects the gate to the 60 and 62 trams line at 15- to 30-minute intervals. These tram lines can be taken from the stop Hermesstraße, and connect to multiple U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines. Line 62 can also be taken directly from the Vienna Staatsoper to Hermesstraße.
The Gütenbachtor is located on Gütenbachstraße, and accesses the southeastern corner of the Lainzer Tiergarten. It also features a water fountain and a parking lot, but is a 45-minute walk from the nearest public transportation, regional bus line 254.
Laaber Tor
The Laaber Tor is located by the Lower Austrian town of Laab am Walde. It accesses a separate corner of the Lainzer Tiergarten that was added in the 1960s as a compensation for territory that was lost in the north of the preserve when a highway was built. Visitors using this gate will pass the Dianator, which was the gate in this corner before the annexation of additional land. The Laaber Tor also has a water fountain.
Similar to the Gütenbachtor, the only public transportation within reach is the regional bus line 254, which is a 15-minute walk from this gate.
The Pulverstampftor is located in the northwest corner of the preserve, near the Auhof neighborhood of Vienna's 14th district. It features a water fountain, and can be accessed from the Umspannwerk Auhof stop of the regional bus line 151 from Hütteldorf (five-minute walk).
Due to its location near the Hütteldorf railway station, the Nikolaitor is an important gate of the Lainzer Tiergarten. Hütteldorf can be accessed with the U-Bahn U4, S-Bahn S3/S15, S45, and S50, tram line 49, as well as multiple regional bus lines. From the station it is a 10-minute walk across the Wien River to Nikolaigasse. This gate also features a water fountain.
The Adolfstor was located along the eastern wall of the Lainzer Tiergarten. It is now closed until further notice.
Sankt Veiter Tor
The Sankt Veiter Tor is directly accessible using a special hourly-served branch of the 55B bus line from the Ober Sankt Veit U-Bahn station, which only runs during the main season. Higher-frequented bus lines to Hütteldorf and the terminus of the 62 tram line, Wolkersbergenstraße, are available by walking down Hanschweg to Stock im Weg.
Locations in the preserve
There are three eateries, two scenic viewpoints, and one museum located within the Lainzer Tiergarten.
Hermesvilla and park
Franz Joseph I of Austria commissioned the construction of the Hermesvilla, which was completed in 1886, and served as a getaway mansion for his wife. Today it serves as a museum and also contains a restaurant and café, which is highly frequented due to its close location to the Lainzer Tor. The property around the Hermevilla is a special area of the Lainzer Tiergarten, fenced off from the rest of the preserve. Separate gates on the paths leading deeper into the park allow access to the larger section when this is open.
Hirschgstemm and Rohrhaus
Besides the Hermesvilla, visitors to the Lainzer Tiergarten can also eat and drink at the Hirschgstemm and Rohrhaus eateries. These are located deeper in the preserve than the Hermesvilla, but also feature full menus.
The Hubertuswarte is an observation tower, built in 1927, and located on the Kaltbründel Berg, the highest point in the preserve (508 meters/1667 ft). From the top of the tower, visitors have a 360-degree view of the region, including Vienna and neighboring villages.
Wiener Blick
Closer to the city side of the Lainzer Tiergarten, the Wiener Blick offers a view of the city from 434 m (1424 ft). In July 2002, this observation point was visited by the Japanese Emperor Akihito and his wife Michiko.
- (German) Geschichte des Lainzer Tiergartens - City of Vienna Website
- (German) Karl Johann Tichy, Hannes Mayer: "Das Eichen-Naturschutzgebiet Johannser Kogel im Lainzer Tiergarten, Wienerwald". Sonderdruck aus: Centralblatt für das gesamte Forstwesen, Jahrgang 96. 1979, Heft 4. Österreichischer Agrarverlag, Vienna, 1979.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lainzer Tiergarten|
- (German) Lainzer Tiergarten - Official website
- Wien Museum Hermesvilla

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Discovering the Tamarind
A Fruit Ripe with Possibilities
There is a Buddhist parable about the tamarind tree in which its seeds are said to be symbols of faithfulness and forbearance. While the story doesn't say much about the tamarind as food, it does illuminate a little bit about the history of this venerable plant and its incredible sweet and sour fruit. Originating in Africa, the tamarind tree spread all over the world and was widely known in Buddha's time. In the early 1600s, the tree and its delicious fruit were introduced to the Western Hemisphere, specifically, Mexico and the Caribbean. This widespread importation and trade of the tamarind over so many years is a testament to both its usefulness and its possibilities for today's chefs.
Making Inroads in North America
Tamarind is very popular in the cuisines of the tropics but is still widely unknown in the United States. However, like many products that have assimilated themselves into the dining culture of North America, tamarind has been gaining in use and popularity due to he influx of immigrants. Tamarind comes in many forms and is used differently by different cultures. In Mexico, it is a popular additive in beverages and in sweet and sour candies. In Southeast Asia, where it is used in sauces, soups, and noodle dishes, tamarind is called by many names, including "asam," which is a Malay word that translates to "sour." And you may be surprised to discover where tamarind can be found in the U.S.—it is one of the main flavorings of the popular Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce.
From Pod to Pulp
The fruit of the tamarind tree is a threeto eight-inchlong brown, irregularly curved pod. Borne in abundance along the new branches, the pods fill out somewhat as they mature, and the juicy, acidulous pulp turns brown. When fully ripe, the shells are brittle and easily broken. The pulp dehydrates to a sticky paste enclosed by a few coarse strands of fiber. The pods may contain from one to 12 large, flat, glossy brown seeds embedded in the brown, edible pulp. The pulp has a pleasing sweet/sour flavor and is high in both acid and sugar. It is also rich in vitamin B and high in calcium. There are wide differences in fruit size and flavor depending upon the terroir of the trees. Indian varieties have longer pods with six to 12 seeds, while the West Indian fruits have shorter pods containing only three to six seeds. Most tamarinds in the Americas are of the shorter, more acidic variety.
Tamarind fruits mature in late spring to early summer, and they may be left on the tree for as long as six months after maturity. Fruits destined for immediate processing are often harvested by pulling the pod away from the stalk. Mature trees are capable of producing 350 pounds of fruit a year.
Sweet, Sour, and Versatile
The tamarind's almost-perfect sweet and sour balance makes it unusual in the plant world. The fruit may be eaten fresh, but it is most commonly used with sugar and water in the American tropics to prepare a cooling drink. Tamarind pulp is used to flavor preserves and chutney, make meat sauces, and pickle fish. Candy can be made by mixing the pulp with dry sugar and molding it into desired shapes. Southeast Asians often use the tamarind in combination with chiles to make a paste for basting fish and chicken that is to be grilled, like the recipe that follows—a dish that, once you try it, may make you become a tamarind devotee.
Combining the tamarind's natural sweet and sour balance with the heat from chiles, this unique marinade is ideal for grilling chicken, shrimp, pork, or fish. Mix your own tamarind paste or substitute premade tamarind purée, which has the advantage of being seedless.
1 cup tamarind pulp, rinsed in warm water, seeds strained,and mixed with 3⁄4 cup water
1 cup Perfect Purée tamarind purée
1 teaspoon sugar
1⁄8 teaspoon Kosher salt
1⁄2 cup peanut oil
1⁄4 cup unsweetened coconut milk
2 teaspoons fresh garlic
1⁄2 cup roughly chopped shallots
6 each Serrano chiles, or 1⁄2 habanero or Scotch bonnet chile
4 each Key limes, juiced
1 bunch cilantro leaves
Add the tamarind paste to the remaining ingredients. Blend together to create a smooth consistency and season to taste, adding more tamarind as needed to suit your palate. It should have a sweet and sour taste with spiciness that mellows. Rub paste onto the items to be grilled, preferably marinating overnight. Brush on additional marinade as needed while
Source: Chef Howie Velie
Howie Velie is a lecturing instructor in culinary arts at the CIA. He is an ACF-certified executive chef and is a certified hospitality educator.


Where Did The 4,000 Lenape Go?
Where Did The 4,000 Lenape Go?
The Lenape walked over a frozen ocean to a land, where nothing was growing.
Then God delivered geese and whales. This action was an experience similar to God delivering manna in a desert.
The Lenape history says that the number of Lenape actually multiplied! The Lenape History tells of the Lenape holding a meeting soon after they came to America.
 The Lenape invited
people, who were in America, to attend the meeting. That meeting was the first of many meetings of government by council in America. The U.S. government is, basically, a government by council.
At the meeting The Lenape immigrants elected an American to be Judge. The judge had red hair!
 The Norwegians sent a rescue mission.
The Lenape recorded that "No one went from here to there."
God was not providing enough food for both the local Christians and the 4,000 Lenape.
 The Lenape divided to make the journey
around the southern Christian tribes. White Beaver took his band east and then south to Connecticut.
Snow Bird took his band northeast and then south, up the Nelson and Reds Rivers to Minnesota, "the pleasant land."
When they were at Lake Winnipeg,
The meeting of many rivers was to the east. The pleasant land was to the south.
The relentless Little Ice Age weather forced both groups, and the local Lenape, to move further south. White Beaver's group rowed down the coast. They found a Miami (heartland) in Florida. Snow Bird's group began a 3,000-mile, 150-year migration to New York via the Dakotas. (Dakota means "cold.")
Along the way, Snow Bird's Lenape: Lived by the small waterfall in Minnehaha county, South Dakota. (In Old Norse "Minnehaha" means "Little waterfall")
The location was west of "fishland," at the latitude of the union of the two big touching lakes.
Fled from cannibals to hide in the Niagara Cave in Minnesota. (Niagara means "Fort.") [The cannibals appear to have been a group of people who learned to eat humans to survive in the Intermountain west during severe drought conditions. When the drought increased they migrated over the the mountain passes to the Platt River.
Then the best understanding of events is that the cannibals ate their way east, down the Platte and up the Ohio Rivers. As climate conditions improved in eastern North America, the cannibals performed ritual cannibalism to indoctrinate the younger generations that eating human flesh was OK for the survival of their society.
The Lenape were continually tested by their interaction with the cannibals. The Lenape History indicates that the Lenape often fought with them. The Lenape nearly had the cannibals contained to a region in New York, when Eurpean guns and gunpowder enabled the cannibals to conduct "training" raids to kill and eat people as far west as the Mississippi.
The brutal scorched earth tactics of the U.S. Army in 1779 appear to have ended the cannibalism training. To relate the modern Iroquois nation to the cannibals, or vice versa, is a gross error. But to suppress knowledge of the cannibals and Sullivan's vicious tactics is also an error of historians, who write class room history. Without that knowledge the events before AD 1779 cannot be explained better.] After the cannibals passed to the east, the Lenape raised bumper crops on the Missouri. (Missouri means "Big Canoe")
The Lenape group, who called themselves Cheyenne, thought there would be fighting if the Lenape went east. The peaceful Cheyenne turned west, up the Missouri. Most of the Lenape went east into Illinois. (Illinois means the PURE people).
 The Maalan Aarum tells of a ruler, who was baptised to be "pure."
The Lenape restored a ravaged, fearful people.
The Lenape forged a "heartland" at Miami. Ohio.
As they expanded, the Lenape divided. Some Lenape (the Shawnee) went south. (Shawnee means "southern Lenape.")
Some Lenape went east.
Blue Duck's Shawnee group went to Mexico.The Lenape rowed boats from Miami, Florida to MAYA. MAYA means,"MY Place")
The Lenape were a peaceful people, but when pressed, the Lenape fought with courage.
Ralph Lane, an English commader put a loaded pistol to the head of the Lenape historian. Lane pulled the trigger! Whichever Lenape picked up the pictographs, added two lines for guns and a dot for smallpox.
The Shawnee stopped De Soto. Many of the Shawnee died of De Soto's plague. The Spanish and English slave trade decimated the Shawnee and others in the south. The Lenape suffered through the five-year war of extermination in the James River valley. The Lenape women, who were raped, bore the children of De La Warr III's men.
The Lenape, not the WASPs, took the women and children into their teepees and wigwams. The WASP called the Lenape half breeds, "Delaware." for "De La Warr's kids."
Later, new English immigrants knew what Old Norse phrases meant. They asked troubling questions about Lenape. So, the WASP leaders attempted to call all Lenape "Delaware"to hide the "Abide with the pure" meaning of "Lenape." "Delaware" had no hint of "pure."
When the WASPs in New England were hanging Mary Dwyer and other Quakers, Talerman, the Lenape "Speaker of the People" gave Quakers Pennsylvania, so the Quakers could live in peace "as long as the waters flowed."
Quakers and Lenape lived in peace for forty years. Then a new wave of WASPs immigrated. The new WASPs rewarded the cannibals for hunting, killing, and eating Lenape as far west as the Mississippi. The Lenape Miami became known as the "land of ghosts."
Today, modern mapmakers write "Little known tribes" in the southern Ohio and Illinois region. That region would have supported more people per area than any other region.
In the north, the WASPs called all Christinaux, along the south shore of Hudson Bay, "Cree." to hide the "Christian" sounding name. The name DOES mean "Christian." The French wrote "Christian Sea," where, later, the English made mapmakers use "Hudson Bay."
In New York and New England, thousands of Lenape were slaughtered in five major massacres. The Lenape stopped the Virginia Militia, but suffered great losses. But, the Lenape helped stop the English during the Revolutionary war.
For that effort The Lenape were promised that the Lenape could form a state. That never happened. The Lenape leader, "White Eyes" was killed in a ambush on colonial land. Then, the Lenape stopped the U.S. Army—cold—three times. But the Lenape suffered another massacre of women, children, and men in a fire.
Red Feather taught General Jackson that it was not possible to kill all Lenape. So, President Jackson ordered the U.S. army to move most Lenape across the Mississippi.
These migrations are called the "trail of tears." The name "trail" implies only one. There were many. Some Lenape avoided the "trail" by going to church early and often.
The PURE People on the river of the Divine chose to resist movement.
Those Lenape lost the Blackhawk war. By the surrender treaty, the Illinois tribes were not allowed to use their name, ever again.
Then the Cheyenne were massacred three times on the Great Plains.
After the third massacre, their perennial enemy, the Sioux, provided the Cheyenne with shelter, food, and comfort for healing. Both the Sioux and the Cheyenne moved to the very remote the Little Bighorn for safety.
The WASPs first allowed the Lenape to vote in the 20th century. Before then, the ancestors of the Lenape had been born on this land for five centuries. The WASPs suppression by omission made the 4,000 Lenape "vanish."
I am eager to debate the issue so that the Lenape (Norse Catholics) will no longer be omitted from history.
I want scholars to "lay their evidence on the table." I want a PUBLIC discussion.
If scholars ignore the hypothesis of Lenape (Norse Catholics), they are continuing the WASP tactics to suppress by omission.
Modern anthropologists, historians, and linguists will not want to suppress knowledge.
Am I thinking correctly?
If so, please make a comment.


text:
From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
Damage modification is a system of multipliers used to change the damage dealt in a battle. These modifiers affect how the damage is calculated by multiplying the move's base power in various ways. These modifiers range from doubling to halving and even negating the damage done.
Since each move has an elemental type, its effectiveness is largely determined by the targeted Pokémon's type. Moves can have regular effectiveness or be super effective, not very effective, or not effective at all. The effectiveness of types against one another has varied among generations, see this page for its Generation I iteration and this page for the current model.
- "Super effective" redirects here. For the webcomic, see Super Effective (webcomic).
When a move is super effective, it inflicts double the damage it would normally do. For example, a move like Megahorn used against a Template:Type2 Pokémon will be super effective because Template:Type2 moves are super effective against Psychic-types. This effect can stack up; for example, a Pokémon that is Rock/Ground and is hit by a Template:Type2 move like Surf will be damaged four times as much by the move as a Template:Type2 Pokémon would be, because both Rock and Ground Pokémon are weak to Water moves.
Not very effective
When a move is not very effective, it deals half of the damage it would normally do. This works exactly like super effective moves, and can stack up. For example, a Steel/Rock Pokémon will be damaged by a quarter of the amount by a Template:Type2 move. Likewise, a Normal/Flying Pokémon hit by a Template:Type2 move will be damaged normally, as the super-effectiveness of Fighting against Normal is canceled out by the not-very-effectiveness of Fighting against Flying.
When a move is not effective, it does not damage the Pokémon at all and that Pokémon is "immune" to that type. This immunity includes status moves of that type. For example, the Template:Type2 move Thunderbolt will have no affect on a Template:Type2 Pokémon such as Dugtrio. Likewise, using the move Thunder Wave will prove useless and yields a "It does not affect Dugtrio" (whereas a Confuse Ray that simply missed yields "It did not affect Dugtrio"). Certain types are immune to specific moves, such as Template:Type2 Pokémon being immune to Leech Seed.
A move will sometimes inflict a critical hit against another Pokémon. This will double the damage done after type effectiveness calculations occur, leading to the possibility of a doubly-super effective move that gets a critical hit to do eight times as much damage as normal. Pokémon with the Sniper ability will triple the damage done during a critical hit rather than double it. Regular moves have a 6.25% chance of scoring a critical hit, but some moves have increased critical hit rates.
The chance of causing a critical hit can be modified by using moves or items that increase the critical hit level.
Scope Lens, Razor Claw, and Super Luck add 1 level each, the Stick adds 2 levels (for Farfetch'd only), the Lucky Punch adds 2 levels (for Chansey only), and Focus Energy adds 2 levels to any Pokémon. 50% is the maximum critical hit ratio, since no situation exceeds it.
When a move scores a critical hit, damage is calculated based on either the modified or unmodified attack and defense stats, whichever is more advantageous to the attacker. For example, an attacker who has used Swords Dance and then makes a critical hit will get the benefit of the increased Attack, while one affected by Charm will use its normal Attack score. Another example would be if a team had Light Screen or Reflect on it and the attacker scored a critical on the team with the certain wall; the defense added by the wall would then be ignored, and the attacker would do double damage. In Generation I, critical hits always ignore stat modifiers, even if this is disadvantageous to the attacker.
Same-type attack bonus
- Main article: Same-type attack bonus
A move used by a Pokémon that is of the same type as the move itself will do 150% of its normal damage, such as a Template:Type2 move used by a Fire-type Pokémon. Dual-typed Pokémon will receive this bonus for both of their types, and a Pokémon whose type can change in-battle will receive the bonus for whatever type they are when they make the move.
- Main article: Weather conditions
Template:Type2 and Template:Type2 moves' damage will be modified by rain and sunshine. If Rain Dance causes a downpour, Water-type moves will do 50% more damage and Fire-type moves will do 50% less damage. If Sunny Day causes harsh sunlight, Fire-type moves will do 50% more damage and Water-type moves will do 50% less damage.
- Main article: Ability
Abilities come in a wide variety, and have various effects on damage modification. These affects range from increasing and decreasing the power of moves of a specific type, granting immunities, and even changing the power of moves affected by other damage modifiers. These abilities include:
- Blaze, Overgrow, Torrent and Swarm increase the power of Template:Type2, Template:Type2, Template:Type2 and Template:Type2 moves by 50% when the user's HP falls below 33%, respectively.
- Thick Fat decreases the damage dealt to the user by opponents' Fire-type and Ice-type moves by 50%. Heatproof decreases the damage dealt to the user by opponents' Fire-type moves by 50%.
- Levitate provides immunity to Template:Type2 moves, and Soundproof provides immunity to sound-based moves.
- Volt Absorb and Water Absorb grant immunity to Template:Type2 and Template:Type2 moves respectively, healing the user's HP by 25% instead.
- Dry Skin works in part like Water Absorb, healing the user when hit with a Template:Type2 move, but it also heals the user by 6.25% each turn during rain. However, it also causes the Pokémon to receive additional damage from Template:Type2 attacks and receive 6.25% (of its HP stat) damage during sunshine.
- Flash Fire negates the effect of opponents' Fire-type moves and instead increases the power of the ability's user's own Fire-type attacks. Similarly, Motor Drive negates the effect of opponents' Electric-type moves and instead causes the ability's user's Speed to increase. These abilities include status moves like Will-O-Wisp and Thunder Wave.
- Mold Breaker removes all ability-based immunities to the user's moves.
- Scrappy removes Template:Type2 Pokémon's immunity to the Template:Type2 and Template:Type2 moves of the user.
- Drizzle, Drought, Sand Stream and Snow Warning cause permanent rain, sunshine, sandstorm, and hail respectively.
- Adaptability increases the STAB multiplier for moves of the same type as the user from 1.5x to 2x.
- Hustle boosts the Atk stat of the user by 50%.
- Pure Power and Huge Power both double the user's Atk stat.
- Technician increases the power of the user's moves with base power 60 or less by 50%.
- Super Luck increases the user's critical hit ratio.
- Battle Armor and Shell Armor prevent critical hits being dealt to the user.
- Sniper increases the critical hit damage multiplier from 2x to 3x.
- Tinted Lens doubles the power of the user's moves that are not very effective.
- Solid Rock and Filter each reduce the power of super effective moves on the ability's user by one third.
- Wonder Guard reduces the power of the opponent's damaging attacks that are not super effective to zero.
- See also: Type-enhancing item
Some held items increase the power of an attack by a small percentage. Most of these items boost attacks only of a certain type by 20%. Some items can also modify damage by boosting the attacker's offensive stats or the victim's defensive stats. Some berries also weaken an opponent's super effective move.
Other held items that modify damage include:
A number of other variables can affect the amount of damage caused by an attack.
- If the attacker is burned and their ability is not Guts, their physical damage will be decreased by half.
- In a double battle, moves that hit multiple targets do 75% of the damage they do in one-on-one battles.
- Reflect and Light Screen decrease opponents' physical and special attacks, respectively, by 50% in a one-on-one battle and 33% in a double battle.
Every time a regular attack is executed, the actual damage caused is adjusted by a random multiplier between 0.85× and 1.00×. The probability of each percentage is nonuniform due to integer division rounding, causing an approximately 6% chance for each point between 0.85 and 0.99, but only a 2.5% chance for the full damage.


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At the 24th APS Annual Convention, Iris Mauss will host a workshop called Studying Emotions in the Laboratory. Mauss is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Her own emotion research focuses on emotion regulation and how emotion regulation affects wellbeing. She has given the Observer a preview of what she will cover in her workshop.
What methods for studying emotion are you going to discuss in your workshop?
For inducing emotion, we will discuss advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, including pictures, film clips, and naturalistic interactions. For measuring emotion, we will cover advantages and disadvantages of three common measures: experience, facial behavior, and autonomic physiology. From within this wide range of methods, the workshop will focus on those of particular interest to workshop attendees.
How can researchers measure emotional responses empirically? Can you give an example of the standards you use for your own research?
This is a very complex, big, and tricky question that relates to the larger question of what an emotion is. Briefly, researchers often take a multi-method approach to measure the intensity of participants' emotions. In the workshop, we will focus on three common approaches to doing so: experience sampling (e.g., asking participants how much anger they felt), coding facial behavior (e.g., coding from videotapes the intensity of facial expressions of anger), and measuring autonomic physiology (e.g., measuring participants' blood pressure).
What are some challenges researchers encounter while studying emotion in the lab?
There are two major questions that researchers who want to study emotions in the laboratory are faced with. First, how can scientists ethically make participants emotional (evoke emotions such as sadness, happiness, or anger) in the laboratory? And second, how can scientists measure whether an emotion has occurred and how intense the emotion was? Basically, the whole workshop will deal with how to overcome these challenges, and we will talk about various ways to address these challenges as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Why should convention attendees come to your workshop? What can they expect to take away from your presentation?
I think conference attendees who would benefit from this workshop are those who seek a brief and practical introduction to studying emotions in the laboratory. Attendees should emerge from the workshop with the ability to begin to design rigorous laboratory studies involving emotion.
Leave a comment below and continue the conversation.


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This is the first of of five blogs by Dr. Jordan Mallon profiling the contestant fossils featured in the museum's Dino Idol contest. From February 16 to March 17, visit the museum and choose your favourite from among five dinosaurs, whose bones are sealed away in plaster field jackets.
Duck-billed dinosaurs (hadrosaurids) are some of the most common fossils in Alberta, but for some strange reason, their skeletons are often found headless. Presumably, when these animals died, their skull bones would disarticulate and wash away from the rest of the carcass, which was held together by its various ligaments. Our first specimen on offer for the Dino Idol contest, nicknamed Headrosaur, is an interesting exception: it's a head without a body!
The skull was found by Levi Sternberg in 1914, near what is now Dinosaur Provincial Park ("the Park") in Alberta. There is very little information about what species this hadrosaurid might be. It appears to have been collected in a hurry during a very productive field season, and the field notes associated with this specimen aren't very helpful.
Headrosaur could be any number of duck-bills collected from the Park, including the hollow-crested lambeosaurines Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus, or Parasaurolophus (of which we have a great example on display in the museum's Talisman Energy Fossil Gallery), or the solid-crested hadrosaurines Brachylophosaurus, Gryposaurus or Prosaurolophus
Based on the dimensions of the field jacket, Headrosaur is probably a hadrosaurine because there doesn't seem to be much room in the jacket for a large crest typical of lambeosaurines.
It'll be interesting to find out what Headrosaur is. Hadrosaurines aren't as diverse or abundant as lambeosaurines in the Park, so a new specimen is always welcome. I'm especially anxious to find out whether this specimen preserves any microscopic wear features on its teeth that might tell us something about what these animals ate.
And who knows? Maybe Headrosaur will prove to be something new to science! Only your votes can help us to know for sure, so please come visit the Canadian Museum of Nature starting February 16 to vote for your favourite Dino Idol contestant in person.
Next week, I'll take a look at our second fossil contender for Dino Idol—the Mystery Jaw!


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|Sergei Korolev's work was considered top secret by his country's government. The government only admitted how important Korolev's work was after he died.|
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was born in the Ukraine (which was part of Russia) in 1906. He studied aeronautical engineering. After he finished his education, he worked on liquid fuel rockets. At that time in history, the government of the USSR put a lot of people in jail, some without a reason. Korolev was one of the people thrown in jail. He spent many years in jail. While in jail, he worked on his rocket projects. Upon his release from jail, he began to work on rockets that would carry objects into space. Korolev was responsible for the rocket programs that carried the first satellite and the first human into space. Korolev died in 1966. He was given a hero's burial.
How did Sergei Korolev know how to build rockets?
|Show me the Level 2 version of this page.|
The StarChild site is a service of the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Dr. Alan Smale (Director), within the Astrophysics Science Division (ASD) at NASA/ GSFC.
StarChild Authors: The StarChild Team
StarChild Graphics & Music: Acknowledgments
StarChild Project Leader: Dr. Laura A. Whitlock
Responsible NASA Official:
If you have comments or questions about the StarChild site, please send them to us.


1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Dutch
 4. >
 5. "Als er geen zon zou zijn, zo…
"Als er geen zon zou zijn, zou leven niet mogelijk zijn."
Translation:If there were no sun, life would not be possible.
December 26, 2014
Am I the only one who finds this difficult!!? Also, it should have been mentioned somewhere in the tips that zou/zouden could be used in both parts of the sentence, or am I missing something?
I'm really struggling with this one too!
I also find it confusing, especially since this site gives a different rule on how to form these sentences. _URL_ Could someone please explain this? Can I use the conditional in both clauses or not?
Are you essentially asking when to use something such as:
 - Als er geen zon was, zou leven niet mogelijk zijn.
 - Als er geen zon zou zijn, zou leven niet mogelijk zijn.
That really helped me understand the first half! I sort of understand the second half anyway so at least I can see where this sentence comes from now, thanks!
Glad I could help! \^_^
The first sentence is essentially saying:
 - If there had been (in the past, previously) no sun THEN 'life would not be possible'.
The second sentence:
 - If there were/were to be/would be (subjunctive) no sun THEN 'life would not be possible'.
I see, so it's like "if there were in general no sun". One of the hard bits of learning a language is how ambiguous English is (which I've never noticed before) and having to figure out what I really mean.
"In English, the subjunctive mood is used to explore conditional or imaginary situations." _URL_
Not in English.
This sentence is using the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause after 'als', which, while largely no longer a thing in English, seems to still be in use in Dutch, albeit in a different form from the way it was formed in English.
"If there were no sun," is the subjunctive in English. It's true that it's tending to disappear in English, but it is still used in phrases such as this one.
The problem is that it is applied hapazardly in the Engligh translations in the Dutch unit. There are other conjectural or counterfactual clauses where Duo requires the English indicative translation. Granted, these are obscure and tortuous shades of meaning in both languages.
If there were no hints, this lesson would not be possible. (for me)
Why is "zouden" used in both sentences? Shouldn't it rather be "Als er geen zon was, zou leven niet mogelijk zijn"?
I'm presuming zou/zouden is was/were/would and so it is used twice due to the fact that it says: if there were no sun, life would not be possible
It should also be possible to say "if there is no sun, life would be impossible", or am i totally mistaken?
Why not "If there was no sun, life would be impossible"? Help!
In cases of 'present contrary to fact' one should use the subjunctive. That means that in all such 'if' cases one must write 'were' and not 'was' (If I were, if you were, if he/she/it were...). True, you will often find the usage 'If... was' (even among the Duolingo experts!), but grammarians still consider this incorrect, although it has become common in vernacular US English.
You're absolutely right, and I have always known that. But, with the general dumbing down of English, esp. by US influence (for example by not forming adverbs from adjectives, as in "you sang amazing" instead of "you sang amazingly" and other areas of laziness in grammar, spelling, and punctuation), I had assumed this was perhaps another instance of misuse that was becoming the norm. I'm all for preserving the full expressiveness of English even if others aren't sensitive to its subtleties.
so does this mean that when you are making a conditional, the structure like "zouden zijn" could be used in both part of the sentence? I mean in English usually it's like were+would be or had done+would have done, the "would" dont usually go to both part. by the way what should i say if i want to mean "i would have done"? thanks~
Question: Why is this incorrect?: "If there wouldn't be a sun, life would not be possible."?
'If there were no sun, life would be impossible', is the correct version in English, = subjunctive mood followed by conditional tense. Your sentence would never be said.
It's against English grammar. In proper English the first conditional sentence type is: IF + Present Simple + Future Tense (will); the second conditional sentence type: IF + Past Simple + Conditional (would); and the third conditional sentence type: IF + Past Perfect + Past Conditional.
is impossible not the same as not possible?
Generally, the meaning might be the same, but it's important to translate words and phrases as precisely as the two languages allow. On another occasion, you might need to alter the meaning of "not possible" / "niet mogelijk" by turning it into something like "It is not only possible, but even desirable" / "Het is niet alleen mogelijk, maar zelfs gewenst", which you can't do with 'impossible' / 'onmogelijk'.
The if-part never contains "would etc", the other part does. It is implied stricktly, as all computers do!
I think this reply is the clearest for non-English speakers, I award a lingot!
Strictly speaking not good English - it should be subjunctive - If there were no sun, life would be impossible - or - if there had been no sun life would have been impossible. So - is zou zijn subjunctive here, or can you have two conditionals in one sentence in Dutch? Not the case in English (or Italian, which I'm also studying.)
German would use a double conditional in this case, so I'm left to think the same is true for closely-related Dutch.
English uses the subjunctive mood, which no longer exists in Dutch, so they have their own grammar convention.
The word 'zon' is not correctly pronounced. It is pronounced if it was zo'n instead of zon
Learn Dutch in just 5 minutes a day. For free.


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Principal Investigator: Volker Wulfmeyer, Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim
Thanks to the availability of HLRS's petascale HPC system Hornet, researchers at the Institute of Physics and Meteorology of the University of Hohenheim were able to run a highly complex climate simulation for a time period long enough to cover various extreme weather events on the Northern hemisphere at a previously unmatched spatial resolution. Deploying the highly scalable Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model on 84,000 compute cores of Hornet, the achieved results confirm an extraordinary quality with respect to the simulation of fine scale meteorological processes and extreme events.
Persistent so-called blocking Omega and intense Vb weather situations in Europe are responsible for extreme events like the heat waves in summer 2003 in Central Europe, in August 2010 in Russia (which was associated with flooding of the Odra and in Pakistan) as well as severe flooding events like in summer 2002 in Germany. Blocking Omega and Vb weather situations are caused when long-lived, resonant Rossby waves develop in mid-latitudes. In numerical weather prediction and climate models, at least a resolution of 20 km is required to simulate quasi-stationary Rossby waves. However, to simulate the associated extremes the simulations need to be convection permitting. Further, the high resolution allows the small scale structures to feed back to the large scale systems. Most of the current limited area, high-resolution models apply a domain which is centered over the region of interest and has 2 longitudinal and 2 latitudinal boundaries. Such limited area model applications suffer from a deterioration of synoptic features like low pressure systems due to effects in the boundary relaxation zone. In Europe this is mainly caused by the longitudinal boundaries which are located over the North Atlantic at around 20°W and Eastern Europe close to 20°E. Especially the boundary over the North Atlantic can destroy low pressure system features which are responsible for the weather and climate development over Europe. A possibility to overcome this is to run a latitude belt simulation. Here only boundary conditions at the northern and southern boundaries of the model domain are required.
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF, _URL_ model was applied at 0.03° horizontal resolution for July and August 2013 forcing the model 6-hourly with ECMWF analyses at 20N and 65N. Sea surface and inland lake temperature was updated daily with data from the OSTIA project (_URL_ of the UK Met Office, which is available at 5km resolution.
Figure 1 shows the domain with the model topography as shaded areas. The model grid consisted of 12000*1500 boxes with a horizontal resolution of 0.03°. For vertical discretization, 57 terrain following levels were selected with the model top being at 10hPa (approx. 35km above sea level).
State of the art global numerical weather prediction models have a horizontal resolution of approximately 0.15°. In comparison, the latitude belt simulation provides an improved representation of the real topography and thus allows for a better representation of the atmospheric circulation systems. For instance, in the global model of ECMWF, the summits of the Alps and the Himalaya have an altitude of 2500m and 6000m which is far away from reality. This can be crucial e.g. for the simulation of convective precipitation during the summer season. Convection permitting simulations are also beneficial for simulating intense cyclones such as hurricanes over the Gulf of Mexico and typhoons in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the usually coarser resolution of the global model, they would not be able to simulate high intensities as they are observed for e.g. Cat. 4 and 5 storms.
One of the highlights of this study was the simulation of the typhoon Soulik, which developed in the Pacific Ocean in the first 10 days of July 2013. Figure 2 shows the simulated track of the typhoon in 3-hourly intervals from 11-13 July, 2013.
It was a category 4 typhoon meaning that average 10m-wind speed exceeded 58m/s. The model was able to simulate the intensity well in accordance with observations, which indicated a central pressure of 925hPa and maximum wind speed of 65m/s.
Figure 3 shows an example of the typhoon's structure with the surface wind speed and sea level pressure during its peak intensity at July 11, 2013. The maximum 10-m wind speed was about 62m/s and the central pressure 940hPa. The calm region in the center of the cyclone is also clearly visible. The whole simulation experiment was repeated on a 0.12° grid. At this resolution, the track was captured slightly better but the maximum wind speeds were strongly underestimated by about 15m/s compared to the convection permitting resolution simulation with its 0.03° grid. Also the representation of the fine structure of the rain bands was improved in the high-resolution simulation.
The comparison with satellite images reveal that the timing of the typhoon's track in the model was comparable to the observations, although the center of the storm was simulated about 250km further north. The intensity was well captured by the model as shown in Figure 3. In summary, this new configuration of the WRF model demonstrates a significant improvement of the simulation of extreme events.
For this simulation, version 3.6.1 of the WRF model was applied. The design of the model source code allows its application in shared-memory (sm), distributed-memory (dm) or hybrid (sm+dm) mode. In order to get the maximum performance, the code was compiled for MPI+OpenMP together with the Cray parallel NetCDF library using PGI 14.7.
After some initial tests, the model was run with 14000 MPI tasks and 6 OpenMP threads per task. In order to investigate certain processes, the output frequency was set to 30min. This results in a total output of approx. 350TB for the two month period including checkpoint files. The simulation's duration was 84 hours real time and it required 7.05 million Core-h.
From the technical point of view it became evident that it is necessary to pay more attention to the I/O performance since this may become a limiting factor for climate simulations in the future. The I/O rate during the simulation was approx. 7GB/s using 128 OSTs, i.e. the time for writing a single output file is about 13s and deteriorates with the number of MPI tasks.
Dr. Thomas Schwitalla, Dr. Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Prof. Dr. Volker Wulfmeyer (PI)
University of Hohenheim Institute of Physics and Meteorology
Garbenstrasse 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany


text:
- test (n.)
- late 14c., "small vessel used in assaying precious metals," from Old French test, from Latin testum "earthen pot," related to testa "piece of burned clay, earthen pot, shell" (see tete).
Sense of "trial or examination to determine the correctness of something" is recorded from 1590s. The connecting notion is "ascertaining the quality of a metal by melting it in a pot." Test Act was the name given to various laws in English history meant to exclude Catholics and Nonconformists from office, especially that of 1673, repealed 1828. Test drive (v.) is first recorded 1954.
- test (v.)
- 1748, "to examine the correctness of," from test (n.), on the notion of "put to the proof." Earlier "assay gold or silver" in a test (c.1600). Meaning "to administer a test" is from 1939; sense of "undergo a test" is from 1934. Related: Tested; testing.


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These two words are often confused. Rein is related to horses. Reign is related to kings and queens.
So where does the confusion lie?
In a phrase like reining in – he reined in his activities because he was exhausted – reining in refers to holding the horse back, restricting its movement.
In a phrase like free rein – he was given free rein to organise the office as he wished – free rein refers to slackening off the horse's rein so that it can move more freely.
But confusion can arise when you consider that being given free reign could also refer to being free as the ruler to do what you want.
So consider whether you are talking about rein as in a horse-related metaphor or as in a king-related metaphor. There are places where either would be suitable, but there are definitely places when only the horse one makes sense!


The Source for Crime and Justice Data
View Record Details
Pub. Type:
Electronic Source
Crime Victimization in the US: A Data-Driven Learning Guide
Crime victimization is defined as the involuntary, personal exposure to criminal acts. Victimization can be economic, physical, psychological and/or emotional.
It is difficult to know exactly how many crimes are committed and how many people are victimized every year because a significant percentage of crimes (almost half of violent crimes and about one third of property crimes) go unreported to, or undiscovered by, police. Criminologists refer to this unknown as the "dark figure of crime." By polling a large number of households, victimization surveys such as the National Crime Victimization Survey are able to uncover some of the crime incidents that were never reported or discovered by police. They also provide more detailed information about the crime, victim, and offender(s), than other official sources of crime statistics such as the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports. Victimization surveys are therefore an important source of data for criminologists, but they are not without their limitations. For example, they rely on respondents' honesty and ability to recall facts accurately; since they typically survey only people 12 and older, they provide no data on crimes committed against children; and since they survey crime victims, there is no data on murders either, for obvious reasons!
The goal of this exercise is to explore crime victimization in the US. Frequencies, crosstabulations and comparisons of means will be used.
Access Provider:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
Place of Access Provider:
Data Accessed:
Related Studies
This publication is related to the following dataset(s):


text:
News from Diabetes UK:
A new understanding and possible treatment for Type 2 diabetes could be on its way after one of the largest genetic studies to date discovered nine new genes linked to the condition.
The genes and blood glucose levels of over 120,000 volunteers were studied by scientists from 174 research centres across the world. A set of genes that control the body's response to glucose in the blood was identified.
"An incredibly important finding"
"This is an incredibly important finding," said Jim Wilson, a geneticist from Edinburgh University involved in the study.
"The discovery of these new genes influencing blood sugar levels is the first step on the important journey to developing new therapies for diabetes."
A drug to prevent Type 2 diabetes?
"It opens up a whole new area of research to find which proteins are 'druggable'. Genetics is like a can-opener: it allows us to get inside and understand what's going on."
The study's scientists hope that in five to 10 years they will be able to identify which people have a genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes, and to have a drug available that can prevent the condition developing.


In this paper, the design of a circular wave pool that produces continuously breaking waves is discussed, whereby a pressure source is rotated within an annular wave pool. The concept was that the pressure source generates non-breaking waves that propagate inward to the inner ring of the annulus, where a sloping bathymetry (beach) triggers wave breaking. In order to refine the technique, research was conducted to better understand the mechanics of waves generated by moving pressure sources in a constrained waterway, the transformation of these waves as they travel across the channel and the effect of the sloping beach on the wave quality for surfing.
The quality of the waves was defined in terms of wave height, speed and shape, with the aim to create plunging waves, known as "barrels", that are highly desired by surfers.
A predominantly experimental approach was undertaken to determine the required design parameter values and their limitations. Scale model experimental results were previously presented at OMAE 2011 and OMAE2013.
This paper presents the steps to design the pool using the empirical analysis and experimental results are presented. The effect of the pressure source and pool bathymetry on the currents formed in the pool, are also presented. Through this design process, high quality continuous breaking waves with the desired plunging shape were able to be generated.
Finally, the authors are planning to use the facilities and techniques developed to investigate the complexities of predefined wave fields, including the three dimensional (3D) details of the velocity, pressure and turbulence fields beneath. Understanding these complexities within multidimensional wave patterns is the key to analysing a number of different fields, including wave resistance of ships; wave disturbances to other maritime users; bank erosion; wave signal tracking; and wave structure interaction.
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text:
For the past two years, a handful of freshman biology students at the College of William and Mary have jumped directly from high school into hands-on research on dirt-dwelling, bacteria-infecting viruses called phage.
Many of the students enrolled in the year-long course, part of HHMI's Science Education Alliance, come to William and Mary without a strong high school science background but find themselves inspired by science by the end of the experience, says HHMI program director Margaret Saha. "It's authentic research," she explains. "They know that what they are doing has never been done before and that it will be used by other scientists." As a result, more participants remain science majors and go on to conduct research with faculty than do students in the traditional introductory biology labs.
William and Mary will use part of its new $1.2 million grant to spread the enthusiasm to more students. The school is designing several new courses modeled on the phage research but incorporating the scientific pursuits of their own faculty members. That means interested students can continue their research at William and Mary after the course. "After a year they don't want to drop it," Saha explains. "They could do this for four years and publish their findings."
In one course, students will venture deep into a mature forest called College Woods, where they will sample and analyze the bacterial communities that live in the soil. The students will also compare the College Woods bacterial community with another forest's to identify the differences in the soil. Another course will focus on the effects of mercury on the environment—the subject of research by an interdisciplinary group of William and Mary faculty. Students will test samples from a contaminated site for the presence of mercury and then examine how exposure to mercury alters gene activity in laboratory animals.
The college will also partner with nearby Thomas Nelson Community College to adapt the new courses to the community college curriculum. Thomas Nelson faculty will participate in the research in William and Mary labs before returning to their campus to introduce the courses to their students.


text:
USDA funding to spur jobs, provide improved water systems and treatment to rural residents
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack last week announced funding for rural water projects to create jobs and improve rural water and wastewater systems in 26 states.
"Clean water is a basic necessity for the health and economic growth of our rural communities," Vilsack said. "Constructing and improving rural water systems benefit communities by providing reliable access to clean water and create jobs that strengthen economies."
Some examples include Marion, Miss., which will receive $3.7 million to provide sewer treatment for residents of rural Lauderdale County. Department of Agriculture funds will be used to install approximately 14 miles of sewer lines and three lift stations for sewer treatment. In Texas, Skywater Water Supply Corp. in Castro County will receive $1 million to build a new water system. The existing system was shut down in 2009 when the wells failed, forcing residents to haul water over 10 miles. The funds will also be used to build storage facilities and four miles of new distribution line to benefit rural residents.
The total USDA funds amount to approximately $66.7 million in loans and $48.9 million in grants. The announcement is part of a series of rural infrastructure investments in support of the American Jobs Act.


text:
Liquid is pouring into a container at a constant rate of 20 cm 3s-1 and is leaking out at a rate proportional to the volume of the liquid already in the container.
(a) explain why, at time t seconds, the volume, V cm3 of liquid in the container satisfies the differential equation dv / dt = 20 - kV, where k is a positive constant.
The container is initially empty.
(b) by solving the differential equation, show that V= A + Be-kt, giving the values of A and B in terms of k.
So given that dv / dt = 10 when t = 5
(c) find the volume of liquid in the container at 10s after the start.
(p.s.i have attached a document with my own answers)


text:
How to write a Petition
To get the petition process started you have to define
- how your agenda looks like,
- who is the official recipient of your petition,
- which investigations you have to undertake to examine and to clearly present your issue,
- how one formulates a petition in the most effective way,
- and how the campaign concerning your petition should look like.
Thus one has to settle if the petition deals with an issue concerning either politics, the media, education or something else. Does it concern the people right there in my street or is it something that affects everyone in this country? How do the circumstances look like, what was exactly missed by the lawmakers and which problems result from that? The petitioners have to provide a detailed and solid documentation for the recipients which in the best case is accompanied by well-defined campaign.
Different Forms of Petitions
Once you start thinking of how to write a petition it is important to differentiate between different forms:
- Petitions put forward by one person
- Petitions put forward by a group of persons (These are accompanied by a list of signatures)
- Several petitions put forward by single persons dealing with the same issue
The bandwidth of petition examples seems to be endless. Some petition examples would be the raise of the gasoline price, noise disturbances caused by planes or the violation of human rights.
A sample petition would be the online petition stated by the German Midwives Association in 2010. It dealt with the raise of the liability premium and the generally quite low fees of midwives. To reach a public sitting the midwives had to collect 50.000 signatures. The public sitting was held, the government reconsidered the matter.
Text of the Petition Example
The German Bundestag may enact immediate measures to ensure a supply of the help of midwives located nearby for women as well as the free choice of the place of birth also after July the 1st, 2010. Another requirement would be the acceptance of a service guarantee for the help of midwives on the lines of § 72 SGB V. Furthermore the German Bundestag may determine a data ascertainment concerning the need of help by midwives and its coverage. (Online source with original text in German: _URL_ (07/03/2011)). Subsequent to this request the Internet page provides a 400-word-long statement of grounds referring to it.)


text:
- NYT Crossword
- May 14 2023
- Fifth in a scale
Fifth in a scale
While searching our database we found 1 possible solution for the: Fifth in a scale crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on May 14 2023 NYT Crossword puzzle. The solution we have for Fifth in a scale has a total of 3 letters.
Hints & Tips
Here are some hints and tips before revealing the whole word. It may actually help you find the correct solution by yourself.
1. The first letter of the answer is: S
2. The last letter of the answer is: L
3. There is 1 vowel in the hidden word:
|• ||The sun.|
|• ||Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color, and value.|
|• ||A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic scale.|
|• ||The tone itself.|
|• ||A sou.|
|• ||A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of value, and is worth about 68 cents.|
The word SOL is a 3 letter word that has 1 syllable's. The syllable division for SOL is: sol
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text:
- Grant to Ecological Management Foundation supports the Bangladesh Water Project, helping 77 million people exposed to toxic arsenic levels in drinking water
MINNEAPOLIS, MN, Nov. 15, 2010 -- An estimated 77 million people in Bangladesh, or roughly half of the country's population, have been exposed to toxic arsenic levels in their drinking water since the 1970s. That's when the installation of hand-pumped wells throughout Bangladesh began tapping groundwater laden with naturally occurring arsenic. In response to this crisis, the Ecological Management Foundation (EMF) launched The Bangladesh Water Project in 2008, to create an economically viable solution that will provide the people of Bangladesh with safe drinking water. A grant from Pentair Inc. (NYSE: PNR) and its Foundation to the EMF will support The Bangladesh Project.
"Tragically, the people in Bangladesh are being poisoned by toxic arsenic levels in their drinking water," said Susan Carter, manager of the Pentair Foundation. "The good news is the Ecological Management Foundation is working diligently to change these conditions. Pentair is proud to help positively impact global water quality and we hope to help make a difference across Bangladesh."
The World Health Organization has called the Bangladeshis' exposure to arsenic the largest mass poisoning of a population in history. Further, a 10-year study by University of Chicago researchers indicated that more than 20 percent of the deaths in Bangladesh were caused by arsenic exposure from contaminated drinking water. Arsenic is toxic to the liver, skin, kidneys and the cardiovascular system, and can cause certain kinds of cancer.
The EMF's five-year goal for The Bangladesh Project is to prove that micro drinking water businesses can be run as commercial businesses, and that Bangladesh's rural residents will be willing to pay for arsenic-free water. Within 10 years, the project aims to develop 30,000 financially independent micro water businesses -- or one in each rural village -- in Bangladesh.
Since the Bangladesh Project began in 2008, the EMF has completed a research and feasibility phase, which compared the viability of different arsenic removal technologies. An innovative, low-cost and environmentally friendly deionization technology from Voltea, with which Pentair maintains an equity and technology partnership, was selected as the most effective option. This deionization water filtration technology removes arsenic and salt through an electric charge, leaving behind desalinated and deionized safe drinking water. The project's next step is a demonstration project to test the technology in the field and conduct market research on product and pricing.
"Collaborative philanthropic and business partnerships play an important role in bringing clean drinking water solutions to developing countries that lack this basic necessity," said Dr. Phil Rolchigo, vice president of technology at Pentair and a member of Voltea's board of directors. "In Bangladesh and around the globe, we are focused on applying innovative filtration technologies to solve critical water quality issues."
About The Pentair Foundation
Established in 1998, The Pentair Foundation has committed more than $24 million to strengthen and support communities in which Pentair operates, with a focus on education, water quality and community giving. Through the Foundation, Pentair directs two percent of its pre-tax earnings to charitable organizations annually. For more information on the Foundation, visit _URL_
Pentair (_URL_) is a global diversified industrial company headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its Water Group is a global leader in providing innovative products and systems used worldwide in the movement, treatment, storage and enjoyment of water. Pentair's Technical Products Group is a leader in the global enclosures and thermal management markets, designing and manufacturing thermal management products and standard, modified, and custom enclosures that protect sensitive electronics and the people that use them. With 2009 revenues of $2.7 billion, Pentair employs approximately 13,000 people worldwide.


text:
The Painted Bird
|The Painted Bird|
1st edition cover
|Media type||Print (Hardback & Paperback)|
|Dewey Decimal||813/.54 20|
|LC Classification||PS3561.O8 P3 1995|
|Followed by||Steps (1969)|
The Painted Bird (Der bemalte Vogel) is a controversial 1965 novel by Jerzy Kosiński which describes the world as seen by a young boy, "considered a Gypsy or Jewish stray," who wanders about small towns scattered around Eastern Europe during World War II.
Major themes
The book describes the wandering boy's encounters with peasants engaged in all forms of sexual and social deviance such as incest, bestiality and rape, and in other forms of extreme violence exciting lust. The book title was drawn from an incident in the story. The boy, while in the company of a professional bird catcher, observes how the man took one of his captured birds and painted it several colors. Then he released the bird to fly in search of a flock of its kin, but when the painted bird came upon the flock, they saw it as an intruder and viciously attacked the bird until it fell from the sky.
The plot
"The Painted Bird," is told from the perspective of a young boy during World War II. He is considered a Jewish stray who is struggling to live during this chaotic period. Kosinski begins the story by introducing the war and linking it with the boy. The young boy's parents are hiding from the Nazis, and he lives in a village with an elderly woman. When the woman dies, he is left to care for himself. From here, he journeys to another village where local townspeople turn him over to the Germans. He escapes and travels to another village, where he sees Jews and Gypsies headed to concentration camps. It is here that Kosinski adds some social commentary, describing the boy's belief that to have fair hair and blue eyes is to be favored by God. Kosinski sums up a Bosch-like world of harrowing excess where senseless violence and untempered hatred are the norm. The boy travels from village to village in Eastern Europe. Throughout the rest of "The Painted Bird," the boy endures various kinds of violence and cruelty. He wanders alone from one village to another, sometimes hounded and tortured, only rarely sheltered and cared for. He becomes an altar boy, and he is exposed to father-daughter incest. After being thrown into a manure pit, he becomes mute. Only at the end of the novel does he become reunited with his parents and regain his speech.
Literary significance & criticism
In his 1995 editorial review Elie Wiesel wrote that the book was: "One of the best... Written with deep sincerity and sensitivity", quoted its publisher from The New York Times Book Review. Richard Kluger, reviewing it for Harper's Magazine, wrote: "Extraordinary... literally staggering... one of the most powerful books I have ever read". And Jonathan Yardley, reviewing it for The Miami Herald, wrote: "Of all the remarkable fiction that emerged from World War II, nothing stands higher than Jerzy Kosinski's The Painted Bird. A magnificent work of art, and a celebration of the individual will. No one who reads it will forget it; no one who reads it will be unmoved by it. The Painted Bird enriches our literature and our lives". "Cynthia Ozick later gushed" – wrote Norman Finkelstein – "that she 'immediately' recognized Kosiński's authenticity as 'a Jewish survivor and witness to the Holocaust'." Time magazine included the novel in its "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005", accentuating the alleged atrocities perceived by the protagonist.
"Perhaps the most surprising element of this aspect of Kosiński's mystifications is that he obtained from his mother, who was still alive in Poland – the father had died by the time The Painted Bird was published – a letter corroborating the claim that he had been separated from his family during the war."
Norman Finkelstein, former professor of political science at DePaul University, wrote in The Holocaust Industry: "Long after Kosiński was exposed as a consummate literary hoaxer, Wiesel continued to heap encomiums on his "remarkable body of work." Finkelstein wrote that Kosiński's book "depicts the Polish peasants he lived with as virulently anti-Semitic" even though they were fully aware of his Jewishness and "the dire consequences they themselves faced if caught."
The book's reception in Poland was far from uniform nevertheless. The Polish literary critic and University of Warsaw professor, Paweł Dudziak, noted that the Painted Bird is a great, if controversial piece. He stressed that since the book is surreal – a fictional tale – and does not present, or claim to present - real world events, accusations of anti-Polish sentiment are nothing but a misunderstanding of the book by those who take it too literally.
Authorship controversy
According to Eliot Weinberger, contemporary American writer, essayist, editor, and translator, Kosiński was not the author of the book. Weinberger alleged in his collection Karmic Traces that Kosiński had very little fluent knowledge of English at the time of its writing.
M.A. Orthofer addressed Weinberger's assertion by saying: "Kosinski was, in many respects, a fake – possibly near as genuine a one as Weinberger could want. (One aspect of the best fakes is the lingering doubt that, possibly, there is some authenticity behind them – as is the case with Kosinski.) Kosinski famously liked to pretend he was someone he wasn't (as do many of the characters in his books), he occasionally published under a pseudonym, and, apparently, he plagiarized and forged left and right."
Claims of plagiarism
In June 1982, a Village Voice article accused Kosiński of plagiarism, claiming much of his work was derivative of Polish sources unfamiliar to English readers. (Being There, for example, bears a strong resemblance to Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy - The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma, a 1932 Polish bestseller by Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz). The article also claimed that Kosiński's books had actually been ghost-written by his "assistant editors," pointing to striking stylistic differences among Kosiński's novels. The New York poet, publisher and translator, George Reavey, who in Kosiński's American biographer James Sloan's opinion was embittered by his own lack of literary success, claimed to have written The Painted Bird. Reavey's assertions were ignored by the press.
The Village Voice article presented a different picture of Kosiński's life during the Holocaust – a view which was later supported by a Polish biographer, Joanna Siedlecka, and Sloan. The article revealed that The Painted Bird, assumed by reviewers to be semi-autobiographical, was a work of fiction. The article maintained that rather than wandering the Polish countryside, Kosiński had spent the war years in hiding with a Polish Catholic family and had never been appreciably mistreated.
"The significant point about Jerzy Kosinski was that... his books... had a vision and a voice consistent with one another and with the man himself. The problem was perhaps that he was a successful, worldly author who played polo, moved in fashionable circles and even appeared as an actor in Warren Beatty's Reds. He seemed to have had an adventurous and rather kinky sexuality which, to many, made him all the more suspect."
D. G. Myers responded to Blacker's assertions in his review of Jerzy Kosiński: A Biography by James Park Sloan:
"This theory explains much: the reckless driving, the abuse of small dogs, the thirst for fame, the fabrication of personal experience, the secretiveness about how he wrote, the denial of his Jewish identity. 'There was a hollow space at the center of Kosiński that had resulted from denying his past,' Sloan writes, 'and his whole life had become a race to fill in that hollow space before it caused him to implode, collapsing inward upon himself like a burnt-out star.' On this theory, Kosiński emerges as a classic borderline personality, frantically defending himself against… all-out psychosis.
The journalist John Corry, being himself a controversial author, wrote a 6,000-word feature article in the New York Times in November 1982, defending Kosiński, which appeared on the front page of the "Arts and Leisure" section. Among other things, Corry alleged that reports claiming that "Kosiński was a plagiarist in the pay of the C.I.A. were the product of a Polish Communist disinformation campaign."
The book was published and marketed as a fictional work although it was generally assumed that it was based on the author's experiences during World War II. Only later did it become clear to most reviewers that Kosiński was neither the boy in the story nor did he share any of the boy's experiences, as revealed in a series of articles in newspapers and books.(2) The depicted events are now widely known to be fictional. D. G. Myers, Associate Professor of English at Texas A&M University, reviewing a biography of Kosiński noted that initially the author had passed off The Painted Bird as the true story of his own life during the Holocaust: "Long before writing it he regaled friends and dinner parties with macabre


Best artificial plants
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Copyright 2021 BestReviews, a Nexstar company. All rights reserved.


The polling interval determines how often the endpoint sends its status and receives commands, for example, every 15 minutes or every hour. If needed, you can change the polling interval in Basic Configuration of the group's policy or you can force an immediate update as described in this procedure.
For more information, see Changing Policy Settings.
To force an update:
 1. From the endpoint, in the system tray, right-click the Webroot icon.
 2. From the drop-down menu that displays, select Refresh configuration.
 The system updates.


text:
Translating Food Chemistry to Health BenefitsActivity by Kamila Klimaszewska | added on Mar 31, 2011 | Poland
Euro Food Chem XVI -- 6-8 July 2011, Gdańsk, Poland -- will try to demonstrate how food chemistry combined with modern biotech methods can improve our understanding of food in relation to health. There are also planned special lectures – tribute to Year of Chemistry.
Across a wide spectrum of topics, EuroFoodChem XVI conference is an ideal forum for discussion and exchange of opinions and knowledge between specialists working in different areas of food science for which food chemistry is relevant. It is worthy to mention such areas as:
- bioactive food components and chemistry behind their health-promoting action,
- analytics and monitoring of food components upon processing,
- biotransformation and bioavailability of food components,
- design of functional foods based on the knowledge of chemical and biological properties of bioactive ingredients,
- feedback to food chemistry from "omics" studies.
The conference aim is to exchange the views on recently recognized relations between composition of foods to possible interactions within human organism and resulting health effects. This requires that the food ingredients of interest are looked upon from different angles: chemical properties must be related to absorption, metabolism, triggering biological effects that in turn depend on genome and epigenome function. Specialists from all these fields are expected to join the conference. There are also planned special lectures – Tribute to International Year of Chemistry - Special lectures on Chemists in Different Roles tribute to Year of Chemistry:
- prof. Carlo Bicchi (University of Torino, Italy), Plants' chemistry and man and his history - some stories traveling around the world,
- prof. Hervé This (Industries du Vivant et de l'Environnement AgroParisTech, France), Note by note cooking,
- prof. Janusz Rachoń (Gdansk University of Technology, Poland), Cuisine, chemistry and music; what they have in common,
- prof. Wim van Dokkum (TNO Quality of Life, The Netherlands), The relative importance of food chemistry for health.
|Topic:||chemistry education, conferences, educational materials, workshops, demonstrations||Audience:||students, professional chemists, educators, post graduate students, educational institutions|


text:
WebMD Medical News
Louise Chang, MD
Aug. 20, 2007 -- Girl's preference for pink may have developed for
evolutionary reasons rather than just a passion for fuchsia.
A new study shows that men and women have natural color preferences. Blue is
the overall favorite for both, but women prefer a redder or more pinkish shade
of blue than men.
Researchers say this predilection for pinker hues may have evolved because
of women's traditional role as the gatherer, allowing them to pick out the
red, ripe fruit from a sea of green in the forest.
"Evolution may have driven females to prefer reddish colors -- reddish
fruits, healthy, reddish faces," says researcher Anya Hurlbert of Newcastle
University, England, in a news release. "Culture may exploit and compound
this natural female preference."
In the study, researchers asked a group of more than 200 adults to quickly
pick their preferred color from a pair of colored rectangles on a computer
"Although we expected to find sex differences, we were surprised at how
robust they were, given the simplicity of our test," says Hurlbert.
Although both men and women had a natural preference for "bluish" contrasts,
the study showed women's top choices were at the reddish end of the hue
Specifically, researchers found women preferred colors in the reddish-purple
region of the color spectrum, while men's preference shifted towards
"On top of that, females have a preference for the red end of the
red-green axis. And this shifts their color preference slightly away from blue
towards red, which tends to make pinks and lilacs the most preferred colors in
comparison with others," says Hurlbert.
Researchers say the next step will be to test the color preferences of
infants to separate the "nature vs. nurture" element of color preference.
As for the universal preference for blue, "I can only speculate,"
says Hurlbert. "I would favor evolutionary arguments again here. Going back
to our 'savannah' days, we would have a natural preference for a clear blue
sky, because it signaled good weather. Clear blue also signals a good water
SOURCES: Hurlbert, A. Current Biology, Aug. 21, 2007: pp R623-625.
News release, Cell Press.
Here are the most recent story comments.View All
The views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of WETM 18 Online
The Health News section does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See additional information.


Guile by the mile
A sly take on the Holocaust pays off, says Mark Lawson
Everything Is Illuminated
by Jonathan Safran Foer
276pp, Hamish Hamilton, £14.99
Perhaps because they saw Bambi at an impressionable age, those in the generation of American artists born since the late 1960s are marked by a terror of sentimentality. Independent movies from the US - Paul Thomas Anderson's Magnolia, Todd Solondz's Happiness, Wes Anderson's The Royal Tenenbaums - approach terrible events with a cool, jokey tone and ironic viewpoints.
In books, Jeffrey Eugenides's The Virgin Suicides treats a quintet of child deaths in one family as social comedy. Dave Eggers's A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius, which deals with the loss of both the author's parents from cancer and his subsequent guardianship of a young brother, tells of tragedy with the voice of a stand-up comic and the graphic flourishes of a cartoonist.
So the work which has made its 24-year-old author the new star of Manhattan letters - vast advance, glossy-mag biogs, translation sales - isn't the first car on this road. But it dares to take the scenic-facetious route towards the Holocaust.
In Everything Is Illuminated, a young American with the same name as the author travels to the Ukraine, carrying a photograph of the woman believed in the legends of the Safran Foer family to have saved his grandad from the Nazis. This sensitive quest is redirected as farce when Jonathan's guides in Odessa prove to be an ancient chauffeur, somewhat worryingly accompanied by a guide-dog, and the driver's grandson, Alex, a would-be translator whose ear for American is as reliable as his grandfather's eye for the road. A Jewish vegetarian, the American struggles in a country filled (as Safran Foer presents it) with meat-eating anti-semites.
Alex's imperfect English - in letters to Jonathan and sections of a novel based on the journey - form two of the book's three narrative strands. Don't try to read them at night while someone else is sleeping unless your relationship can survive frequent wakings by deranged laughter. The trick is that the translator, using a thesaurus to enrich his vocabulary, sees no distinction between common, demotic and poetic words. Or, as Alex puts it: "I fatigued the thesaurus you presented me, as you counseled me to, when my words appeared petite, or not befitting." Finding translation so "rigid", Alex "rotated" instead of "turned". The firm breasts of his fantasy woman are described as an "unmalleable bosom". The guide dog is a "Seeing Eye bitch". Hearing his little brother crying in his sleep, Alex tries to "counterfeit that I am reposing".
This technique might easily be dismissed as Benny Hill goes to Harvard - laughing at the mangling of a second language - but Alex gathers dignity with every page. Safran Foer is transmitting linguistically a message that lesser writers might have conveyed editorially: the unreliability of reconstructing foreign events. What Alex might call his fabric-lughole for English represents and echoes Safran Foer's distance from the history he is trying to see. In this way, the mistranslation tactic recalls Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-5, in which another terrible family memory from the second world war - the bombing of Dresden - is approached, with similarly brilliant obliqueness, through science fiction.
Requiring the reader to become a translator - stopping to guess the word that Alex should have chosen - the off-centre sentences also make standard observations affectingly fresh, as when Alex notices that Jonathan is weeping: "I observed that the hero had small rivers descending his face, and I wanted to put my hand on his face, to be architecture for him." Finding new ways to describe crying might be a summary of the project of writers such as Safran Foer, Eggers and Eugenides.
The problem with high-concept framing devices in fiction is that they can make readers impatient with the more conventional sections. In the non-Alex stretches of the book, Safran Foer recreates scenes from the lives of his Ukrainian ancestors between 1791 and 1943: courtships, marriages, an accident and, eventually, salvation. Writing here in his very best American, Safran Foer never quite matches the thrill of Alex's failed English, but these sections contain some glittering observations in the style of magical realism, as when the writer imagines a bad smell "entering the mouths of the sleeping for long enough to misdirect their dreams before exiting with the next snore". Also demonstrating that the writer can target hearts as well as heads is the detail, when the characters reach Trachinbrod, of wedding rings, money and pictures buried in the earth, all these "Jewish things" interred as the Nazis advance.
Attempting to signal sincerity, Alex signs off his letters "guilelessly". Like much in this book it is a double joke, because the novel has guile by the mile. Safran Foer's American journey led from celebration in the literary pages to public sniping from some book-buyers who found it impenetrable or pretentious. But, as Alex might put it, any far-reaching reader will fornicate with this tract. They will transport it in their nerve-centres. And Foer has set himself a rigid stage performance to walk behind.