Credit: CAP-LTER. CC BY-SA 4.0
 Anticipating the needs of cities in the future is a key aspect of urban sustainability. One approach to planning for sustainable cities is for researchers and practitioners to work together to develop scenarios that benefit communities as well as ecosystems. Central Arizona Phoenix LTER (CAP LTER) is taking an innovative approach to urban research by co-producing sustainable future scenarios (SFS) with Phoenix city planners, decision-makers, and community leaders as a tool for long-term urban sustainability. In addition to ASU researchers, the effort involved a total of 17 participating institutions, including governmental and non-governmental organizations.
A scenario in this context is a reasonable narrative about the future. The scenarios the team developed are plausible in the sense that a future scenario emerges from past and present-day conditions. The team considered three types of scenarios, stretching to 2060, to help them plan a sustainable future for Phoenix: strategic, adaptive, and transformative. The ideal outcome from this project is to explore sustainable future scenarios and implement these scenarios into current city legislation in cities around the world.
Strategic scenarios look at what plans and policies the city has already established. These come in the form of governance (government, non-profit, and community) plans that the working group can explore to see what implications of these futures might might be. Strategic scenarios set the stage for a more ambitious way of thinking that leads to the other two types of scenarios.
Adaptive scenarios create strategies that respond to specific challenges using mixed forecasting and backcasting approaches. For Phoenix, the three environmental challenges were flood, drought, and heat, as these were the most prevalent to the city. Think of it as "what can we do today to address extreme events that might happen in the future." Three scenarios each took one of the challenges into consideration and created pathways that had plausible outcomes to combat that challenge by 2060. For example, to combat drought, larger, centralized water infrastructure will gradually increase to capture and bank water. This way, by 2060, residential, commercial, and industrial uses capture greywater and rainwater for future banking to increase water security.
Transformative scenarios use a backcasting approach to explore what could be normative futures based on sustainability goals of radically transformed futures. This approach addressed the same environmental challenges as the adaptive approach, but each scenario addressed all three challenges.. In one of the Phoenix scenarios, the team created a concept called "Emerald City" which has a decentralized infrastructure for stormwater capture where urban density and vegetation can be concentrated. Seventy-five percent of the major freeways are converted to "green ways" by supporting a multi-modal transportation network of light rail, bicycle, and pedestrian infrastructure.
"They are not business-as-usual scenarios, but instead are based on goals that have been set in preceding planning documents and the values, needs, and desires of the participants. The uncertainties that are associated with these scenarios aren't viewed as barriers, but as opportunities to explore ways to intervene," Dr. David Iwaniec, lead author and Assistant Professor of the Urban Studies Institute, Georgia State University.
This process of creating sustainable future scenarios is part of a greater urban research network called Urban Resilience to Extremes Sustainability Research Network (UREx SRN). They started working with CAP LTER to use Phoenix as a model city with extreme climate challenges that needed to be addressed. Researchers on the project are currently working in a number of other Latin and North American cities to create a unique set of scenarios for each city. When there is an opportunity to implement strategies (i.e. during a disaster), it is best to have scenarios ready. The hope is to have a detailed enough vision for a sustainable resilient design, so the city doesn't have to build back to what has happened in the past. Dr. Iwaniec states, "Long-term futures aren't about the future, they're about today."
—by Sidney Gerst
Iwaniec, D. M., Cook, E. M., Davidson, M. J., Berbés-Blázquez, M., Georgescu, M., Krayenhoff, E. S., Middel, A., Sampson, D. A., & Grimm, N. B. (2020). The co-production of sustainable future scenarios. Landscape and Urban Planning, 197, 103744.


text:
Anthropologist disputes impact of race on human biology
Oct. 15, 2002
KALAMAZOO -- An expert in biological anthropology will come to the Western Michigan University campus to question the idea of using race as a means to understand biological differences in humans during a lecture sponsored by the Visiting Scholars and Artists Program
Dr. George Armelagos, professor of biological anthropology at Emory University, will give a slide-illustrated presentation, "Myths of Race and the Reality of Racism," at 7 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 24, in Room 1032 of Moore Hall.
"Race as a biological concept is of little value," says Armelagos. He says its actually the use of race as a social construct and its misapplication that perpetuates racism, and it is actually racism that continues to have an impact on the biology in large segments of the population.
In addition to Thursday' s lecture, Armelagos will speak the following day on " Diet and Disease in Pre-History" to students and faculty in the Department of Anthropology. He also will offer an interdisciplinary lecture Friday to the university community. The presentation, titled " The Road to the Viral Superhighway," will begin at 3 p.m. in Room 1032 of Wood Hall, with a reception to follow. That talk will focus on the implications of viruses, including HIV and Ebola, in the context of human global culture and habitat change. All lectures are open to the public and will take place in Room 1032 of Moore Hall.
The Visiting Scholars and Artists Program at WMU was established in 1960 and has supported more than 500 visits by scholars and artists representing some 65 academic disciplines. The chairperson of the committee that oversees the program is Dr. Carol Bennett, instructor in the Department of Business Information Systems.
Media contact: Matt Gerard, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Information on UID Card
Home > Why Aadhar
Why Aadhar
A question that often people ask is "Why Adhaar?" The answer is very simple.
There are basically two characteristics that Adhaar has and which is the reason for people to pick Adhaar number:
 1. Universality: This means that over a period of time one can expect all service providers to hold Adhaar number and hence universality.
 2. Entitlement: All Indian citizens are allowed for Adhaar.
Very often people wonder so to why we need an Adhaar Card. However due to its entitlement and universality; it has become an important ID proof that helps the individuals prove their identity.
With nearly 150 crore people living in the villages and cities, India has become one of the populated countries in the world. One of the major challenges that people generally face while migrating from one place to another is with their identity. Though very common, it might surprise you that many people out there in cities and villages of India don't have a valid proof or passport to prove their identity and nationality.
An astonishing fact that came up recently was that out of 1.2 billion population of our nation, nearly 50 million or to put it simply just 5% hold passport, while only 100 million people possess Pan Card and another 200 million own a driving license. What might surprise you more is that a large section of our population doesn't even have an ID card.
You won't realize the importance of an Adhaar card unless you move to a new city. With no identity proof, it becomes very difficult to get LPG connection, new mobile phone connection or an internet connection etc. To put an end to your problems, the government of India has come up with Unique Identity Holding System through the Adhaar Cards. By introducing these cards, the government aims to promote welfare of the population of India.


Creating deposit types
Creating deposit types
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General information
Deposit types are entities that can be added to the customer's account. They can be part of a loyalty program or used as a payment method in the SMS-timing system.
3rd party integrations for cashless systems also use our deposit system to add the purchased credits on the customer's card or account.
Now with the achievements and gamification possibilities in our software, you can event link certain deposits to certain goals in order
Deposit kinds
Deposits can be made in unlimited amounts and for a wide variety of applications so before we create them make sure you know what you want to achieve.
let's go over the different kinds.
 - "Career Point" can be used to increase career levels in the SMS-timing, most commonly used to return on achievements.
 - "Credit" a regular credit that can be banked or redeemed for a product, mostly used for loyalty programs.
 - "3rd party credits" are credits used by 3rd party integrations. Here is an article on the available options.
 - "Money" is a money amount added to the membership as part of a monthly membership or a deposit by the customer or parents. The money value stays 1:1 and can be used for every product in the system as cash would do.
 - "Points" are comparable with credits and career points. They are mostly returned as a reward for achievements but are rarely of sufficient value to redeem a product with. Therefore customers can keep track of them and collect them to exchange them for eg. a credit.
These are the kinds, you can create multiple deposits of the same kind but with different specifics like validity and period of usage.
Create a new deposit
To create a new deposit follow these steps:
 1. Navigate to the Deposit page. (Menu -> Products -> Deposit Types)
 2. create a new entry.
 New Deposit type
 3. Fill in all the required information.
 1. "Name" for the deposit.
 2. "Short" an abbreviation used online and by mobile apps.
 3. "Priority" of the deposit to be used, the lower the number the higher the priority.
 4. "Print on reports"
 5. "Check last visit"
 6. "Shared" over different locations.
 7. "Kind" of credit.
 8. "External reference" for 3rd party integrations.
 9. "Can withdraw" this credit to purchase products.
 10. "Can deposit" this credit to bank and save.
 11. "Transferable" between members.
 12. "Valid for" a determined duration.
 13. "Style" to make it stand out.
 14. "Online" available?
 15. "Period of Time" default is always available but you could restrict usage of the credit on given times and days.
 4. Save the deposit.
New deposit
Example of a new deposit credit
As you can see in the example, we created a new deposit credit with a validity of 1 day which can only be used on days with the open schedule assigned.
Linked articles
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text:
The museum exhibits the olive culture from antiquity to date. The focus is on the varied economic, usage and symbolic aspects of olive and olive oil in Greece. It is the only Museum that documents the progress of the olive oil production technology in Greece from prehistoric times to the 20th century. In the Museum's semi-outdoor facilities, pupils produce oil using replicas of ancient Greek and Byzantine machinery, in the context of educational programs. Watch a short presentation here (in greek).
How old is the word 'Elia' (Olive)?
The glyph of the Museum of the Olive and Greek Olive Oil is based on the ideogram of the olive tree in Linear B, aiming to emphasise the unbroken link between the olive and the Hellenic civilisation, since its birth. The earliest written evidence of the name of the olive in Greek are as old as the oldest (to date) deciphered Greek script: they are dated to the 14th - 13th century BC and originate from the archives of the Mycenaean palaces of Knossos and Pylos, where archaeologists discovered a large number of clay tablets inscribed with Linear B script. Frequent references to the olive tree, the olive and olive oil are contained in the records. These words are quoted in ideograms and syllabograms: Ideograms


text:
Out of the 3 sections of the CDS exam, English plays a vital role and so, here are some important tips to prepare English section of the CDS Exam. Read these CDS English preparation tips thoroughly to understand the approach one should adopt while studying and to score good marks in the English section of CDS Exam.
The Combined defence services exam or the CDS, as it is known, consists of 3 subjects, namely General Knowledge, Elementary Mathematics and English. Each subject is for 100 marks, and the duration of the paper is 2 hours. One needs to clear all the three papers to qualify for IMA, INA, OTA or IAFA posts under CDS Exam.
UPSC introduced 2 new topics in the English paper of CDS exam this year.These are: Reported Speech and Active/ Passive Voice. We have also covered preparation tips for these topics in this article.
How to Prepare English Section of the CDS Exam?
The English section of the CDS exam, consists of 120 questions, leading to a total of 100 marks. As mentioned above, the duration of the English paper is 2 hours. That leaves the students with less than one minute per question. Hence, it is essential to be wellversed with all the topics of English section. Broadly speaking, the most common areas one must be thorough with are, "Vocabulary", "Reading passages" and "Grammar".
Commonly asked questions of the English section based on the above-mentioned topics are:
(i) Sentence arrangement
(ii) Error Correction
(iii) Sentence ordering questions
(iv) Cloze tests
(v) Fill in the blanks
(vi) Word substitution
(vii) Synonyms and Antonyms
(viii) Idioms & Phrases
(ix) Reported Speech
(x) Active/ Passive Voice
Tips on Vocabulary, Reading passages, and Grammar for the CDS Exam
The time now left for the preparation of this exam is a crucial factor that one must take into consideration. The more time one has at hand, the more extensive the preparation can be. If there is less time left for the examination, a more focused preparation will yield better results. Now, the exam of CDS-I 2019 will take place on 3rd February, which gives you almost a month's for the preparation of this exam. Let's see how you must utilise this time to make the most of it and in turn prepare English section efficiently.
Grammar is a topic of English that most of us have studied from our 2nd grade or so. And we stopped learning those extensive grammar rules by the time we were in the 7th grade. Well, nothing much has changed in learning grammar.
- Pick up a known grammar textbook, (such as Wren & Martin) and brush up on all the rules in important topics such asnouns, pronouns, prepositions, articles, tenses (a personal favourite of the examiners) etc.
- Grammar questions usually come in the form of "Fill in the blanks", or as "Spot the errors", for which knowledge of the grammar basics is essential.
- Practice questions after reading these rules. Simply a glance at the rules is not enough and sometimes, can be confusing.
- It is vital to practice questions based on all that you read so that you completely comprehend the topic and can tackle the different varieties of questions asked from them. Practice will take you a long way.
This is perhaps the most important of all the topics in the English section. Be it reading comprehension or fill in the blanks, knowing the meaning and the contextual usage of words is paramount.
- While practising, write down words that you find difficult.
- Learn those words and their meaning, and try to understand the context they were used in.
- Use these words in sentences and while speaking; it helps you remember the words better.
3. Reading passages
There are certain easy steps that can be followed while attempting a reading passage.
- First, find the central idea in the passage and the logical structure that it follows.
- Secondly, summarise the passage and understand the tones used in the passage.
- Thirdly, answer the questions smartly by drawing an inference from the passage.
- Speed and accuracy are the key to scoring optimally in a reading comprehension passage.
- Improve your speed, by practising more, of course.
- Accuracy can be improved by working on specific areas, like, vocabulary, understanding and identifying tones, contextual summarising etc.
- Practice regularly and try to finish a medium level reading passage within 8-10 minutes.
Let's now see how one must prepare for the topics from which questions are asked in the English section of the CDS exam:
1. Spot the Errors:
- As the name suggests, spot the errors are questions in which a sentence is given with certain incorrect parts, and the student must find out the mistakes in the sentence and mark the answer from the given options.
- These incorrect parts usually relate to spellings, tenses, preposition, verbs, articles and conjunctions etc.
- Hence, it is essential to understand grammar rules thoroughly.
2. Cloze tests -
- A cloze test is a passage, given to the candidates where he or she is expected to replace the missing word with the options (already given in brackets) and form a logical sentence of the passage.
- Cloze tests aim to test a specific area of knowledge.
- Therefore, Vocabulary, Grammar and Inference-based, can be the type of questions that you might have to tackle in cloze tests.
- In cloze tests, the best way to attempt the questions is to read the entire passage and work backwards with the help of the options.
- Eliminate the options as required and derive the answer.
3. Fill in the blanks
- Fill in the blanks are questions which may be asked on any topic.
- Questions can be on grammar, vocabulary or simply (as in most cases) fitting the correct answer for the passage.
- It is quite like a cloze test.
4. Sentence Arrangement
- As the name suggests, it is an exercise to test the ability to understand a set of sentences and rearrange it in its most coherent form as one single passage.
- To solve these questions, the trick is:
(i) To look for the connecting words. Sentences beginning with "if" or "but" will not be the first sentence.
(ii) Sentences that have some sort of introductory explanation or definition can be zeroed in as the first sentence.
(iii) Concluding sentences usually use the words "therefore", "hence" and its likes. That is an indicator of a conclusion. Even if the such words are not used, concluding sentences usually have a reasoning to the issue discussed. That too, can be an indicator.
5. Word substitution
- Word substitution can be quite a tricky area to score.
- To attempt these questions, you must have an intimate understanding of the sentence and the its meaning, as well as the meaning of the word that needs to be substituted.
- Eliminating from the options is the best way to get more marks in this topic.
6. Vocabulary based questions: Idioms/ Phrases and Synonyms/ Antonyms
- Vocabulary isn't something which you can excel with a day's preparation.
- You need to devote enough time and prepare consistently to get a good hold over vocabulary.
- Read newspapers regularly. They are one of the best means to enhance your vocabulary.
- Look up the meanings as well as synonyms/antonyms of the different new words you come across. You can also maintain a separate notebook for the same; it will come in handy for revision at a later stage.
- Try to use these words in your day-to-day practice, for instance while conversing with others.
- You can also work on your vocabulary by writing. Write short passages/ essays etc on current topics or any other topic you feel comfortable with.
- You can also take help of "Word Power made Easy" by Norman Lewis to work on your vocabulary.
- As far as Idioms and Phrases are concerned, look up the previous year English papers of CDS exam and you'll come across a number of repeated questions. Prepare such idioms thoroughly.
- We'll also start a series of Idioms and Phrases for CDS exam shortly, to help you prepare this topic in an efficient manner.
7. Reported Speech
- Look up the rules of conversion from Direct to Indirect speech and vice versa.
- Attempting questions of this topic is comparatively easy if you are well versed with the rules and have sufficient practice.
- Take due care of the tense of reporting verb. (Reporting verb is the verb of the first sentence, before what is quoted by the speaker).
She says, "I am studying for exam".
She said that she was studying for exam.
- Take care of the change in "time", if mentioned in the direct speech.
He said, "I'm going to the shop today".
He said that he was going to the shop that day.
8. Active/ Passive Voice
- First and foremost, familiarise yourself with the grammar rules for conversion of active to passive voice and vice-versa thoroughly.
- Remember, during conversion, the subject and object change their places.
She played table tennis.
Table tennis was played by her.
- General rule of conversion from active to passive voice is:
object + be/is/are/am/was/were/been/being/etc. + past participle by verb + by + subject.
The second term varies as per the verb of the sentence.
Well, that's all, folks! Practice hard and keep preparing for the CDS Exam!
All the best for your exams,

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
African Potato Tincture 30ml
- Hypoxis hemerocallidea
wild harvest african potato ± 8000mg
cultivated african potato ± 8000mg
African Potato Tincture
Hailed as a 'miracle muti' and 'wonder potato', Hypoxis hemerocallidea has long been revered for its powerful medicinal abilities. The incorrectly used name 'African Potato' was most likely introduced by the media in early 1997, when the hype around this plant arose, possibly after the Afrikaans - Afrika-patat, since the tuber could remind one of a patat or sweet potato. However, this is a most inaccurate name, since it is a corm (compressed underground stem, developing vertically) and not a tuber, like the potato, developing horizontally. This amazing grass species has been used extensively by the many tribes of South Africa, as well as neighbouring countries.
Inyanga's and Sangoma's use infusions of the corm to treat dizziness and bladder infections, and decoctions are given as tonics or applied to burns - it is also a go-to for immune support and sinus related issues. With modern research we can see that anti cancer, anti HIV and anti inflammatory activity are ascribed to this plants vast array of phytochemicals
African potato contains several active ingredients that are of interest, including a nor-lignan glycoside called hypoxoside, rooperol and beta-sitosterol, it also has a high sterol and sterolin content.
Once in the body, the chemical hypoxoside is converted into its aglycone - rooperol, a potent antioxidant. Rooperol has several biological activities, it is antimutagenic and cytotoxic to cancer cells, and ongoing research into hypoxis shows antioxidant, anti inflammatory, anti diabetic, anti convulsant and anti cancer activity. We also know that this small grass can help in the treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy because of the activity of sitosterols which are ascribed to inhibition of 5α - reductase which decreases binding of dihydrotestosterone within the prostate
sterols and sterolins have been shown to be beneficial at enhancing an under-active immune system. Research has shown that these chemicals appears to alert the immune system to produce more CD4 – T cells - lymphocytes which are then made available to destroy invading viruses and bacteria which cause bodily harm
Because of african potato's success in treating many ailments, this plant is fast becoming over harvested in the wild. We create small batch hydro-ethanolic extracts with ethically harvested wild african potato corm. Our powdered african potato is created with grown plants to minimize the effect on rapid declining reserves.


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How to Write a Music Review How to write a good music review This was written by a student editor for his peer group.
List of names of famous African American Olympians Resource materials for the students or access to the school library Note: Playback system will also be needed.
Introduction Ask the students to think about their favorite athlete or an athlete that they know of. Ask the students to share their knowledge of the Olympics. Tell the students that they are going to read and listen to a story about a famous American athlete named Jesse Owens.
They will learn several reasons why he is special when they read the book. Show the students the cover. Using the Learning Through Listening website as a guide, introduce or review if the students have used the strategy before the POWER listening strategy to the students.
Distribute the summarizing form found on the website within the strategy. Listen to the story with the students, stopping when appropriate to take notes and check for comprehension. Have students complete the summary forms. Allow students to share what they learned about Jesse Owens by using the information on their summary sheets.
Discuss the importance of Jesse Owens and his accomplishments. Tell the students that during the next class, they will research information about other famous African American Olympians. Practice Review the information the students learned yesterday about Jesse Owens.
Use the overhead projector to show students the graphic organizer they will use for individual research. Either assign students the names of athletes or have them choose a person to research from a list of names. Students should research the person selected or assigned and complete the graphic organizer.
Wrap-up Allow students time to share the information about the person they researched. Discuss where and when the next Olympic games will be held and the various events that will be included. Completion of graphic organizer during individual research.
Differentiated Instruction Lesson Tips Have students only complete the Instruction part of the lesson. Assign specific names to individual students and provide resources for them at their instructional reading level.
Have students use the graphic organizer to write a report about the person they researched. Have students create oral presentations about the person they researched and bring in five objects or pictures to represent that person.Bach Brandenburg Concerto No 2 in F major, BWV mvt2 Andante D°,Karl Richter See more.
by some oane. Music for July 4th - Fanfare For The Common Man (SQUILT lesson #11) — Homegrown Learners See more.
In, J.S. Bach dedicated six orchestral pieces to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg, ostensibly in response to a commission, but more likely as a sugarcoated job application. Music Appreciation Assignments Semester 1. Music Appreciation Assignments Semester 2.
US History. US History Assignments. Intramurals. Brain Game HQ.
Contact Me. Here I be. Learn about me. Describe the role and importance of the choir in sacred Baroque music. 6. Define oratorio. Download and Print Birdland sheet music for bass (tablature) (bass guitar) by Manhattan Transfer.
Tablature included. High Quality PDF to download. Download free sheet music -- thousands of pieces for guitar, piano, choral, Christmas, brass, violin, woodwind, and more in our free sheet music libraries! No limits! Many different musical styles and genres.
In Pet Sounds, the Beach Boys: A) took elements from other musical genres and incorporated them into their music B) All of the choices are correct.
C) did not garner any critical acclaim D) extended the band's music in its own right, particularly by using instruments (such as a harp or bass harmonica) that no one would have imagined in a 60s-era rock album
|ADDITIONAL MEDIA||The warm up can also be adjusted to meet your various needs. You might have a weak area, and you may wish to increase time in that section.|
|Contributors||Bach dedicated six orchestral pieces to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg, ostensibly in response to a commission, but more likely as a sugarcoated job application. These pieces display a variety of styles, influences, and musical preoccupations and were probably not conceived of as a set.|
|Goldberg Variations BWV988||Facsimile of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto 6, with two solo violas and no violins! Until the second half of the last century it was common to replace the two gambas with cellos but the concerto loses that special sonority.|


text:
Objective: To determine whether higher intensity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) surveillance was associated with earlier detection of biochemical recurrence (BCR) or survival. Patients and Methods: We identified a population-based cohort of 832 men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between January 1, 1995, and July 31, 2006. These men were treated with radical prostatectomy (RP), brachytherapy or external beam radiation therapy (RT), or primary androgen deprivation therapy or chose watchful waiting. To test the associations of intensity in PSA surveillance with study outcomes, we used a 2-year landmark analysis to assess whether the number of PSA tests during the first 2 years after treatment was associated with earlier detection of BCR, prostate cancer-related mortality, and all-cause mortality. We used landmark analysis to assess the association of PSA intensity, adjusting for clinicopathologic covariate, with outcome. Results: Median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 6.7 years. Higher Gleason score was the only clinicopathologic variable associated with higher PSA frequency in multivariable analysis for both the RP and RT groups (P value of.001 and.05, respectively). After adjustment for other covariates, the frequency of PSA tests during the first 2 years after RP did not increase the ability to detect BCR (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.19) or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-1.30) in the landmark analysis. Conclusion: Higher intensity of PSA surveillance during the 2 years after RP or RT did not improve earlier detection of BCR or survival. Evidence-based guidelines for PSA surveillance after primary treatment are needed.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
Great, tense, many-sided fight for religion and against it
is waged in the world.
But what is religion? Religion in Latin means
"connection," the connection between God and people.
This connection is many-sided. First of all, it is
the connection of faith. With all the forces of his soul, i.e. with mind,
feelings and will, the man establishes the existence of God and His main
qualities, though he have not seen God with the physical eyes, and have not
heard Him with the bodily ears. Therefore, in faith the triumph of the
spiritual side of the man is revealed in the most distinct way. The man
comprehends God with his spirit: mind, feelings and will, and establishes
connection with Him. This is the basis of religion.
Having believed in God, having established His
existence with all the three sides of his spirit, the man appeals to God in a
prayer. The prayer is the conversation with God. This is the second
manifestation of religion, as of the manís connection with God. The prayer is
not at all begging something from God, as the people, not knowing of faith,
imagine it to be. An appeal occupies an important place only by the primitive
people. The main, basic content of the prayer is addressing of the loving heart
to the Loved One. The letters of those in love, the conversations of true
friends, the appeal of loving children to their parents ó this is what is similar
to a true prayer, if to look at the everyday life. Joy in God, the gratitude to
Him for His lenience, His glorification, delight with His wisdom, goodness and
power, and beauty and truth ó this is what fills our prayers in the greatest
measure, and this is what our divine servicesí texts and those of simple
prayer-books are full of.
The realization of the personal nonentity, sinful
state and guilt before God is the next important element of the Christian
prayer. To ask for the forgiveness of sins, for, that in spite of our sinful
state the Lord would not take His love away from us, ó this is another
important element of the prayer.
So, the prayer is the second type of the manís
connection with God.
The third type of the manís connection with God is
his life according to Godís rules. Having believed in God, having established
for himself His existence with all sides of his soul, having strengthened the
connection with Him in prayer, the man feels the presence of God in each moment
of his life and wishes that every moment would be God-pleasing. Thus, religion,
i.e. the connection of the man with God, fills the whole life of the man,
enlightening it and making it precious and full of sense.
A religious person is a person, connected with
God. As a loving husband, neither being upset, nor like a slave, under
compulsion, but freely, and happily realizes that in all the minutes of his
life, in everything, he is connected with that one, whom he loves and joyfully
uses every moment in order to tell her everything, what happens in his soul, in
the conversation and show her his love, trying not to do anything that might
make her sad, ó the same way a truly believing person always rejoices over the
free, voluntary accepted connection with God, strives to be with Him mentally
all the time, to tell Him about all the movements in his soul, to express his
love for Him, and tries never do, say or think anything, that could upset
loving God, be unpleasant to Him or break connection with Him.
St. Basil the Great, who reached this ideal in his
life, writes: "No eye should act without God, no hand should move without
Him, and no heart should think of the unpleasant to God" (vol.1, p. 147).
Not accidentally, the unity of the man with God,
our connection with Him, i.e. religion, is compared in the Holy Scripture with
marriage, the marriage of the Lamb, the Son of God, with a believing soul, and
the Church calls the Lord "the Bridegroom of our souls and bodies."
This is what religion is, that is why for the
personal religion, the personal connection with God any believer must fight
till the last breath, with all his forces, in the greater measure, than any
loving person would fight for the one he loves.
Return to the first page


text:
Recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in knowledge. Leading organisations now recognise the importance of identifying what they know, sharing what they know and using what they know for maximum benefit. Many organisations employ knowledge engineers to capture knowledge from experts using the principles and techniques of knowledge engineering. The emphasis is on a structured approach built on a sound understanding of the psychology of expertise and making use of knowledge modelling methods and the latest web technologies.
Knowledge Acquisition in Practice is the first book to provide a detailed step-by-step guide to the methods and practical aspects of acquiring, modelling, storing and sharing knowledge. The reader is led through 47 steps from the inception of a project to its successful conclusion. Each step is described in terms of the reasons for the step, the required resources, the activities to be undertaken, and the solutions to common problems. In addition, each step has a checklist which lists the key items that should be achieved during the step.
Knowledge Acquisition in Practice will be of value to knowledge engineers, knowledge workers, knowledge officers and ontological engineers. The book will also be of interest to students and researchers of AI, computer science and business studies.
Several technologies are emerging that provide new ways to capture, store, present and use knowledge. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive introduction to five of the most important of these technologies:
Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Based Engineering, Knowledge Webs, Ontologies and Semantic Webs.
For each of these, answers are given to a number of key questions (What is it? How does it operate? How is a system developed? What can it be used for? What tools are available? What are the main issues?).
The book is aimed at students, researchers and practitioners interested in Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Design Engineering and Web Technologies.
"They [the two books] are both very readable and very informative."
Engineering Manager, USA
"They are excellent as you manage to explain a complex subject with great clarity."
Editor of IT Magazine, UK
"I believe that it will be very useful for the students."
Paperback: 138 pages
Publisher: Polimetrica, International Scientific Publisher (March 3, 2008)
Hard copies are available from Polimetrica and most good bookshops.
A FREE softcopy of the book is available at the E-LIS and arXiv repositories.
KNOWLEDGE PRACTITIONERS' REFERENCE BOOKS
For those who want to find out more about Knowledge Technologies or the steps involved in capturing, structuring and publishing knowledge, here are two recently published books written by Dr Nick Milton, Chief Knowledge Architect at Tacit Connexions.
During the 1990s, Nick worked at the University of Nottingham on the application of AI techniques to knowledge management and on various knowledge acquisition projects to develop expert systems for military applications. In 1999, he joined Epistemics where he worked on numerous knowledge projects and helped establish knowledge management programmes at large organisations in the engineering, technology and legal sectors.
He is author of the book "Knowledge Acquisition in Practice", which describes a step-by-step procedure for acquiring and implementing expertise. He maintains strong links with leading research organisations working on knowledge technologies, such as knowledge-based engineering, ontologies and semantic technologies.


text:
Adjustable birthing chair, Europe, _PHONE_
Childbirth is made more comfortable for the mother by the adjustable seat, back and arms of the chair. It is made from wood, padded leather and iron. The seat shape allows a clear route for the emerging baby and access for those assisting the birth. The chair is also known as a parturition chair. They were used from ancient times until the 1800s. The grooved parts on the bottom of the frame were used for leg rests, which the mother would use for support and to press against. Some birthing chairs have low centres of gravity so the mother can squat and still be supported by the chair.
Related Themes and Topics
There are 535 related objects. View all related objects
Glossary: parturition chair
Chair used during parturition, a seat in which a mother may give birth to her child
The act or process of giving birth to a child
A branch of medicine dealing with the care of women. This care occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, and the period of recovery from childbirth.


text:
means that we are able to work better with intense noise than unexpected noise. Here we need an adjective to describe a kind of noise that is compared to intense noise, and which has more effect on performance.
+ intense = loud
The answer, therefore, is B.
=>ANSWER: B unexpected noise
31. All groups were exposed to … noise
Keywords: All groups, exposed
In paragraph 3, the writer says: "For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heardthe same amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise)." This means that all subjects hear the same amount of noise.
The answer is D.
=>ANSWER: D the same amount of
32. The predictable noise group … the unpredictable noise group on this task
Keywords: predictable, unpredictable
In the same paragraph, the writer continues: "Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjectsperformed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment." The answer, then, is F.
=>ANSWER: F perform at about the same level as
33. The group which had been exposed to unpredictable noise
In paragraph 3, the writer says: "As shown in Table 1 the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise;" Therefore the answer is I [made more mistakes than the group which had been exposed to predictable noise]
+ make mistakes =produce errors
=>ANSWER: I made more mistakes than
34. The results suggest that … noise produces fatigue but that this manifests itself later.
Keywords: noise, fatigue, manifests itself later
In paragraph 4, the writer conludes: "Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on the performance".This means that unpredictable noise produces more fatigue, but its effect comes later. The answer, then, should be B.
=>ANSWER: B unpredictable
Questions 35-40Match each statement with the correct researchers
A. Glass and Singer
C. Finkelman and Glass
D. Cohen at al.
35. Subjects exposed to noise find it difficult at first to concentrate on problem-solving tasks
Keywords : problems-solving tasks
In paragraph 1, the writer says: "For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to shorts bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems …. The noise was quite disruptive at first…" So the conclusion is from Glass and Singer‟s research
+ problem-solving = work out problems
36. Long-term exposure to noise can produce changes in behaviour which can still be observed over a year later.
Keywords: long-term exposure, changes in behaviour, a year later
In the last paragraph the writer states: "A follow-up study showed that children who were moved to less noisy classrooms still showed greater distractibilityone year later than students who had always been in the quiet schools (Cohen et al, 1981) "
The changes in behaviour which can be observed a year later here is greater distractibility. So it can be inferred that this statement is from Cohen et al‟s study
37. The problems associated with exposure to noise do not arise if the subject knows they can make it stop.
Keywords: the subject knows they can make it stop
In paragraph 5, the writer argues: "If the individual knows that he or she can control the noise, this seems to eliminate both its negative effect at the time and its after-effects. This is true even if the individual never actually excercises his or her option to turn the noise off (Glass and Singer, 1972)" This means that if the individual knows that he can control the noise, particularly turn the noise off, he will not suffer its negative effects.
Therefore this statement is from Glass and Singer‟s research.
+ make the noise stop = turn the noise off
38. Exposure to high-pitched noise results in more errors than exposure to low-pitched noise
Keywords: high-pitched, low-pitched, more errors
Although, in paragraph 2, we are told that Broadbent discovered that loud noise becomes a problem, and we make more mistakes, when a person has to concentrate on more than one task, this is simply a limit on how well we can adapt to exposure to loud noise. So, no researcher found that high-pitched noise produces more errors in all situations.
39. Subjects find it difficult to perform three tasks at the same time when exposed to noise
Keywords: three tasks at the same time
In paragraph 2, the writer explains: "For example, high noise levels intefered with the performance of the subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time… "(Broadbent, 1957)
+ difficult to perform = interfered with the performance of
+ at the same time = at a time
The answer is B.
40. Noise affects a subject‟s capacity to repeat numbers while carrying out another task.
Keywords: repeat numbers, carrying out another task
In the same paragraph, the writer also states: "Similarly, noise did not affect a subject‟s ability to track a moving line…, but it did interfere with the subject‟s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelman and Glass, 1970) So it is clear that the statement is from Finkelman and Glass‟s study.
+ another task here refers to tracking


text:
Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species.
(a) HPO2-3 and
We calculate oxidation number based on the rules of oxidation. For the unknown oxidation number we assign variable x, and for all the known values for alkali metals, oxygen and halogens, we use the fact that the algebraic sum of all the oxidation states in the compound is equal to the charge on the compound. The oxidation number for hydrogen is +1, Sodium (Na) is +1 and for oxygen is -2.
HPO2-3 è x= +3
Na2S4O6 è x= 5/2
Na2SO3 è x= +4
Na2SO4 è x= +6
The fractional ON of 5/2 can be explained by its structure, where it contains S-S bond, thus the charge being divided by two atoms.
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Looking up the kanji, あっけなく comes from 呆気(state of surprise, shock)＋ ない. So, wouldn't the most natural translation be 'without surprise, conformingly'? Even so, I saw the following phrase in a game:
 - 甘い朝の時間はあっけなく終了し・・・
And after searching a bit, seems like "too quick, unsatisfying" are valid translations. Why is that so?
 - 1
 I imagine if something enjoyable happens "too quickly" it would also be unsatisfying, no? – Shurim Jan 25 at 21:13
 - 1
 As an aside, あっけない has a fairly specific meaning, "(something finished) without any drama/event one would usually expect in this kind of situation". It can be used both negatively and positively. あっけない死 means an important person died too easily and suddenly without any drama/story/struggle/etc. あっけなく勝てた means this person had expected a tougher game but actually won very easily, and he is not necessarily unsatisfactory. – naruto Jan 26 at 1:11
According to スーパー大辞林, the 呆気 in あっけない is just 当て字 (kanji used purely for the pronunciation, rather than the meaning), so it contributes nothing to the definition. Here is the entry for 呆気ない:
あっけ-な・い [4] 【呆気ない】 （形）[文]ク あつけな・し
I've bolded the part of the entry which described the word's origin. The latter half of that sentence notes that あっけない evolved from the phrase 「飽く気なし・飽気無」which originally means 「もの足りない。あきたりない。満足しない。」or "not enough/ unsatisfactory".
As for why it can also be translated as "too quickly", if something enjoyable or pleasurable happens too quickly, I imagine it would also be unsatisfying. Just like your example, if your "sweet mornings" pass too quickly, you do not have the time to enjoy it.
Your Answer


Definitions for
Overview of noun yawn
The noun yawn has 1 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (1) yawn, yawning, oscitance, oscitancy
Overview of verb yawn
The verb yawn has 2 senses? (first 1 from tagged texts)
1. (3) yawn
(utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired; "The child yawned during the long performance")
2. gape, yawn, yaw
(be wide open; "the deep gaping canyon") © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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to print (hide...) as
Major Section: IO
(assign eviscerate-hide-terms t)
(assign eviscerate-hide-terms nil)
Eviscerate-hide-terms is a state global variable whose value is either t or nil. The variable affects how terms are displayed by default (but not if you have set the term-evisc-tuple to other than its default; see set-evisc-tuple). If t, terms of the form (hide...) are printed as . Otherwise, they are printed normally.


text:
Machine Control and Computer Hardware
This unit is use to control movement to machine manually and with self learning program it can be programmed as a CNC machine. These controllers are microprocessor based. This machine can be controlled with joysticks. This joy stik function is to provide manual function to machine.
?Software for Three-dimensional Geometry Analysis
This is an essential part of the machine. Machine gives only coordinate where we are touching with probe. Software parts do the calculation and give the results. The cost and capabilities of CMM depends upon the software as well
A Typical Software Includes
- Linear measurement of prismatic features like diameter length, diameter, center distances, lengths
- Online statistics for statistical information in a batch
- Parameter programming to CNC programming for similar parts
- Digital input and output commands for process integration.
- Program for the measurement of spur, helical, bevel and hypoid gears
- Interface to CAD software.


text: This document is a lesson plan about the stages of suffrage (African Americans, women, etc.) in the United States. The lesson plan provides objectives, lesson, and also handouts related to the activities within the lesson. These include the opener, primary activity, and closing activity. A RAFT assignment and rubric is also included. The lesson itself has students take the role of an individual within a group that has gained suffrage throughout the history of the United States.


We get a whole lot of questions about which antennas to select when choosing a signal booster and there really is no easy answer that we can suggest every time. So we are going to take a minute to talk about some of the most common situations we hear about and when a Yagi antenna or Omnidirectional is best.
What is a Yagi Antenna?
First, it is probably useful to know what a Yagi antenna is. Yagi antennas are a powerful directional antenna designed in Japan in 1926. They typically consist of multiple parallel elements running together along a line.
This creates a powerful effect focusing signal in a direction. Some of the most powerful Yagi antennas can add up to 20 dB of gain to a system they are set up to, the more bars running perpendicular to the first array the more powerful the antenna will be.
Yagi's are some of the most common directional antennas, however, there are also logarithmic periodic antennas, and perhaps the one that people are most familiar with the satellite dish. These directional antennas are all high gain and typically provide the best signal for anything operating over a radio frequency.
While setting up a Yagi antenna is more difficult then an omnidirectional antenna it is only because the omni antennas are extremely simple to install. To properly install a Yagi antenna you simply have to orient it at the tower you are trying to receive a signal from, so as long as you have a good idea (or you can use the internet) of where your nearest cell tower is you can easily set up your Yagi or another directional antenna.
Omnidirectional Antennas
Omnidirectional antennas are the less powerful of the two types of antennas, however, they trade the reduced power for utility and ease of use. While a Yagi antenna or other directional antenna will only pull in signal from one narrow direction, omni antennas can pull signal from elsewhere. In fact, that's what makes the omnidirectional antennas perfect for most uses. While everyone wants to be getting the best signal often times the omnidirectional antennas provide a more than adequate boost with a much easier set up than using a Yagi antenna or a different variation of a directional antenna with the ability to receive a signal from multiple sources.
Deciding Between a Yagi (Or other Directional Antenna) and a Multidirectional Antenna
Really what it all boils down to is how much signal gain you need. If you are getting really good signal outside it's almost always best to simply get an omni antenna because it will pull in signal from multiple directions and towers, while also being easier to install.
If you are getting really bad signal though (1-2 bars) the best solution is to get a Yagi antenna or another kind of directional antenna. While this will require additional set up, if properly installed it will provide the best result for poor signal situations.
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Quick Answer: How Many Push Ups Should A 10 Year Old Do?
Is 20 pushups in a row good?
If you can only do 10 or fewer, you need to get to work..
How many pushups should a child be able to do?
3) Push-ups: A typically developing 6 year old should be able to do 8 push-ups in 30 seconds. Working on push-ups with proper form teach correct use of abdominal muscles and postural muscles in the upper trunk. 4) Abdominal crunch: Doing sit-ups is an obvious measurement of abdominal/trunk strength in children.
How many pushups should I do by age?
Men between 50 and 59 years old should be able to do 15 to 19 push-ups and 20 to 24 sit-ups. Women of the same age should be able to do seven to 10 push-ups and 15 to 19 sit-ups. Men between 60 and 69 years old should be able to do 10 to 14 push-ups and 15 to 19 sit-ups.
Will 50 pushups a day do anything?
Is 50 push ups good?
What are the disadvantages of push ups?
How many pushups can the rock do?
22 pushupsThe Rock who is known for his muscular physique did the 22 Pushup Challenge and urged others to take the challenge as well to show their support for veterans. Accompanied by his bulldog Hobbes, the Freedom high school grad posted a video of himself doing 22 pushups.
How many pushups can an average 11 year old do?
Between the ages of 7 and 9, the average number of push-ups for boys and girls is the same, advises ExRx.net. At the 50th percentile, 7-year-olds perform eight push-ups on average and by 9 years old, perform 12 push-ups on average. Starting at age 10, the average for boys becomes greater than for girls.
How many pushups can a 12 year old do?
How many pushups can a 13 year old do?
Will 25 pushups a day do anything?


text:
How to switch from Qustodio Parents' App to Qustodio children's App
If you have accidentally installed the Qustodio Parents' App on a child's device and wish to monitor it instead, this article will explain how to do so.
Steps to switch to monitoring a child's device
1. On the top left side of the screen, tap the Menu icon
2. In the drop down menu choose to Logout
3. Tap OK
4. Then tap the app again, and the configuration process will start all over
Congratulations! You should be now able to set up Qustodio to monitor this device.


text:
by JOHN PUCHER, ZHONG-REN PENG, NEHA MITTAL, YI ZHU and NISHA KORATTYSWAROOPAM
This paper provides a comparative overview of urban transport in the world's two most populous countries: China and India. Cities in both countries are suffering from severe and worsening transport problems: air pollution, noise, traffic injuries and fatalities, congestion, parking shortages, energy use, and a lack of mobility for the poor. The urban transport crisis in China and India results from continuing population growth, urbanization, suburban sprawl, rising incomes, and skyrocketing motor vehicle ownership and use. This paper critically assesses government policies in each country and suggests a range of specific improvements. It advocates a slowdown in the massive roadway investment in recent years and a shift in emphasis to expanding and improving public transport, cycling, and walking facilities. While continued growth in motor vehicle use is inevitable, China and India should restrict motor vehicle use in congested city centres and increase taxes, fees, and charges to reflect the enormous social and environmental costs of motor vehicle use. At the same time, much stricter regulations should be imposed on manufacturers to produce cleaner, more energy-efficient, quieter, and safer cars, motorcycles, buses, and trucks. Mitigating the many social and environmental impacts of rising motorization is obviously important for the future well-being of Chinese and Indian cities. It is also crucial for the future of the rest of the world. Unless the problems of motorization in China and India can be effectively dealt with, the world faces sharp increases in greenhouse gases, accelerating climate change, and rapid depletion of a range of non-renewable resources.


text:
- Citado por SciELO
- Citado por Google
- Similares en SciELO
- Similares en Google
Revista chilena de cardiología
versión On-line ISSN 0718-8560
ROMAN, Óscar; DUSSAUBAT, Ana María y MORENO U, Óscar. Detection of early markers for atherosclerosis in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive subjects. Rev Chil Cardiol [online]. 2011, vol.30, n.3, pp.212-217. ISSN 0718-8560. _URL_
Background: Several alterations of the heart and circulatory system may appear early on during the course of hypertension, both at pre-hypertension or at stage I levels. Aim: to determine the frequency of early markers of organ damage in hypertensive subjects, both treated and un-treated Methods: two groups of un-treated hypertensive subjects, pre-hypertensives (blood pressure 120-139 / 80-89 mmHg, n=17) or stage I hypertensives (140-160 / 90100 mmHg, n=47) were studied. Three concordant measurements of blood pressure were required for inclusion. Initial fundoscopic abnormalities, absence of nocturnal blood pressure dip on 24 hr Holter monitoring, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and increased 24hr albuminuria, were determined. Results: Both groups exhibited one or more of the abnormalities being studied. Only left ventricular hypertrophy was more frequent in stage I hypertensives compared to pre hypertensives (p<0.05). Risk factors for coronary artery disease did not differ between groups. Conclusion: More than 50% of patients with pre-hypertension or stage I hypertension exhibit initial markers for atherosclerotic changes in the circulatory system, before the development of severe target organ damage.
Palabras clave : hypertension; early organ damage.


text:
Have you ever seen someone's craft drifting away from its position at the dock? If you have experienced this, you might wonder how you can prevent this incident from occurring to you! It's critical to know how to tie up your vessel to avoid that from happening.
In this article, I will show you useful guidelines on how to tie a boat to a cleat while parking your vessel at any kind of docks and other tips about knot-tying techniques that can be applied in real situations.
To sum up, there are simple steps that you can take to tie your craft to any dock cleat:
- Schedule and arrange your approach
- Tossing a line for another person
- Secure lines from the boat cleat to the dock's
- Install a line from the boat stern's side to the dock cleat
There are also tricks to practice cleat hitch knots, which help to make sure your boat will not drift off or be damaged when you are absent. Therefore, stay tuned!
Table of Contents
- Tying A Boat To A Cleat
- Tying A Boat To A Dock Cleat
- Step 1. Schedule and arrange your approach – calculate the direction of the wind and tide changes
- Step 2. Tossing a line to another person standing in the dock
- Step 3. Secure the bow cleat of your boat to a dock cleat in front of the craft with spring lines.
- Step 4. Install a rope from the boat's stern side to a dock cleat at the boat's backside
- Tying A Cleat Hitch Knot
Tying A Boat To A Cleat
There are many elements that need to be accounted for before you decide to tie a boat to a dock cleat, such as tide changes and types of boat docks. It is necessary to guarantee that these uncontrollable factors will not cause any harm to your craft when you are away.
1. Calculating tide changes
You should constantly calculate tidal transitions while tying up your boat for a long period of time. Otherwise, whether you have a huge boat or a normal one, numerous accidents may occur. Having a sunken boat may be the worst-case scenario!
This can happen in many ways. If the boat gets stuck in the dock and fills up with water, it will roll over. However, how you account for tide changes also depends on the size of your boat.
If you have a big boat, your stern and bow cleats are probably higher than the dock. If you tie up your boat tightly during high tide, the ropes will have some slack at low tide and lead your craft to smacking against other vessels nearby.
Meanwhile, tying your vessel at low tide can cause tension in the line, make it snap, and let the boat slip away. The opposite situation happens with smaller boats having cleats lower than the dock. Hence, calculating tide changes is the key to avoid all these incidents.
2. Different types of docks
The type of dock where you park your boat will also decide the way you tie it. For instance, floating docks and slips are the most common and convenient since you can safely hook your craft to them without worry, while fixed docks require more complex approaches.
Nevertheless, there are tricks that help you handle any docks in case you cannot find a suitable one for your boat. When tying up your craft, remember to use long lines.
When you utilize longer lines, the elevation shifts caused by tides exert less stress. The longer your line is, the less strain you will experience. It's just basic geometry!
Tying A Boat To A Dock Cleat
First, you need to understand what cleats are. Cleats are T-shaped metal pieces strategically placed around the sides and edge of a boat to make it easier to tie your craft up. Although most cleats are made from metal, there are other materials like wood or steel.
If your boat does not have cleats, it is easy to install them. Make sure there are at least three cleats on either the starboard side of your vessel or the port side. This allows you to tie up your boat on any side of the dock. Now, let together come read through each step:
Step 1. Schedule and arrange your approach – calculate the direction of the wind and tide changes
To ensure that you can tie your boat smoothly, you need to consider currents and the wind direction carefully, as these elements may affect the process of parking your boat. I recommend not tying your vessel when the wind is strong or the tide is either too high or low.
Step 2. Tossing a line to another person standing in the dock
This action is certainly helpful, especially when you have to park your boat under bad weather conditions. The person on the berth holding the line will help you to adjust the direction of the vessel. It makes it easier to tie your craft and avoid damaging other boats nearby.
Step 3. Secure the bow cleat of your boat to a dock cleat in front of the craft with spring lines.
To keep your boat safe and secure, you should tie a line to the dock because it is generally a smart idea. You'll need to connect two spring lines: one from the front dock cleat and one from the back dock cleat.
Step 4. Install a rope from the boat's stern side to a dock cleat at the boat's backside
In this final step, connect the stern cleat on the boat's side which is faraway from the dock to the cleat behind the craft with a line. This will ensure the position of your vessel and make it less possible to drift away if there are strong winds or huge waves.
Tying A Cleat Hitch Knot
Perhaps, a Cleat hitch is the most popular cleat knot ever used by boaters when they need to tie a boat to a dock cleat, as it is quick to tie and easy to do. Thankfully, it's a simple knot to study as well. Follow these in-depth instructions to tie a cleat hitch:
- Step 1. Take the line to the cleat, wrap it over the cleat's base, then bring it over the cleat's top.
- Step 2. Bring the rope back under the cleat's arm which is opposite where you wrapped it the first time, then over the cleat's highest point.
- Step 3. Wrap the rope for a second time under the first arm, then bring it back over the cleat's top. Around the cleat, the rope should now resemble a figure eight.
- Step 4. Form a special knot by applying the underhand loop with the rope's loose end and slip it over the cleat's arm. This secures free ending parts beneath the last wrap.
- Step 5. Pull the loose end tightly to secure it.
The cleat hitch knot is not the only knot used by sailors to tie their boats, as there are a variety of knots used in boating, such as the clove hitch, bowline knot, overhand knot, etc. You can use any of these knots to tie your boat, depending on the dock's type and your vessel's size.
Tying a boat to a dock cleat is an essential step that should not be overlooked by boaters to maintain the safety of their vessel. By following these instructions, you can easily tie your craft tightly using the simple cleat hitch knot and not worry about it slipping away. Still, my best advice is to choose a suitable dock to park your boat and have nice long ropes like this Nylon Dock Line.
Did you enjoy the article on how to tie a boat to a cleat? Do you want to add anything else? Please let me know and leave a comment below.
"I am James Harvey – founder of Boating Basics Online. It is established with the drive to help out first-time boaters, which are those desiring to explore their way through the water. So if you are new to boating, start from here with me. "


Witch Ladders Knot & Cord Magick
What are Witches Ladders?
A Witches Ladder is a form of Magick that is good for beginners as it doesn't need anything elaborate or any special tools, you just simply use items in your home, garden or out in nature that represents your intent, you then weave your desire or goal into using cords and charms.
You can do this time of Magick at any time, it does not need to be done in a circle or during elaborate rituals. You can however, set the tone however you see fit, with candles and incense etc.
Meditate or concentrate on your intent, visualise yourself already having achieving your goal, this is important because if you visualise yourself wanting your goal it will always be just out of your reach.
To cast a spell using a Witches Ladder, you take three pieces of String, Ribbon, Wool or Strips of cloth ideally colours relevant to your intent.
Focus on your goals and weave (braid) your desire into it, As you braid you can add tokens like feathers, charms, beads & buttons etc. you could have as few as nine, up to the more modern 40.
Once finished you can hang in you home, bury or use it for mediation similar to rosary beads.
Three strands of Cord/Wool/Ribbon (3-9ft) At least nine items relevant to your intent.
How To:
Line up your three strands and tie a knot in the top and make a loop. This binds your intent into your charm here and know that the spell has begun.
Begin weaving and every so often stopping to add a charm and a knot.
As you weave save a charm for the end, add it when you get to the last knot.
Seal the spell by yanking knot tightly with a louder So shall it be done or So mote it be.
Now hang and let it work, if long term goals then tend to it with meditating every so often.
Whilst weaving and concentrating on putting all your intent into the spell there is a very common Witches Ladder Chant which you can find in a lot of books on the subject although its origins are unclear.
By Knot of One
The spell has begun
By Knot of Two
The Magick comes true
By Knot of Three
So it shall be
By Knot of Four
This power is stored
By Knot of Five
My will shall drive
By Knot of Six
This spell I fix
By Knot of Seven
The future I leaven
By Knot of Eight
My will be fate
By Knot of Nine
What is done is mine
You do not have to use this, feel free to make your own personal chant to keep your intent pouring into the weaving, make it repetitive so you can slip into the right state of consciousness without having to think about it.
Colour Correspondences
Red; Love, Sex, Energy, Vitality, Defence, Anger, Blood,
Orange; Business, Authority, Platonic attractions, Persuasion
Yellow; Intellect, Happiness, Wisdom, Confidence, Communication
Green; Fertility, Wealth, Prosperity, Ambition, Success, Gambling
Blue; Intuition, Peace, Healing, Loyalty, compassion, Cleansing.
Purple; Spirituality, royalty, Power, Dreams, Visions, Psychic Abilities.
Pink; Romance, Affection, Love, Innocence, Feminine
Grey; Invisibility, Forgetting, Balance.
Brown; Work efforts, domestic issues, friendships
Silver; Lunar, Goddess energy
Gold; Solar, God Energy
Black; Protection, Banishing, Strength and Hexing.
Suggested Items;
Isis the Egyptian goddess is associated with the magick of knots, it was believed she could control the weather by braiding her hair. Also the Greek Goddess of Circe, who is the goddess of agriculture, again controlling the weather by braiding her hair. Control of the weather is one of the more common uses of knot magick, especially for sailors.
Knot magick is most useful when it comes to harnessing power to be used for a later time. A good example of this would be Full moon magick knotted into a cord and released during a spell when the moon is new etc.
Healing ~ tie 9 knots in a piece of thread, tie that around the afflicted body part. wear for awhile to let the cord absorb what ails you, then remove it, untie all the knots and throw the thread into running water.
Money ~ Green cord, make nine equally spaced knots, keep the cord hanging in your home, modify chant to suit.
Releasing Hate or Anger ~ Focus all your hate or anger then tie a knot in your cord, visualise your anger all tied up in the knot, when you undo the knot, release your anger and throw the cord into fire.
You can also Bind and do Love spells which I won't add here as its not for everyone.
After your needs have been met, you can, Burn it, so that the knot can never be undone. Bury it in the Earth. Keep it in a safe place where it wont be disturbed.
To undo knot magick, just untie the knot. Warning~~ this may not always work.


text:
The Global PI Hub is recruiting!
Mission & Vision
Through the Global PI Hub, we seek to create a group of enthusiastic iGEM Community PI's interested in creating a space to listen to and encourage members who have supported their teams at iGEM with so much effort and still have so much to contribute to the global synthetic biology community.
We would like to hear and address the great experiences that PIs have had through their opportunities in iGEM, as well as identify the wide and different profiles that make up this important community in synthetic biology. Additionally, we would like to follow them closely and invite them to inspire through their experience and work with hundreds of students that are constantly involved in iGEM around the world.
We are planning to have more engaging activities with more iGEMers and iGEM stakeholders in different formats, including having an event for iGEM PIs at the Grand Jamboree.
Finally, we would like to develop new resources that may be helpful in their involvement in iGEM and the synthetic biology community; provide a place to share their knowledge with others; and be part of the development of a wide variety of programs and initiatives of the iGEM Community. We invite all PIs to join this new initiative for this iGEM 2022 season.
Projects & Goals for 2022
- Listen to and understand the needs of the wide diversity of PIs that make up the iGEM Community.
- Search and identify the different profiles of PIs in the community, their areas of interest, expertise, and lines of research.
- Encourage the iGEM Community PIs to keep in touch and get involved in the different activities during the iGEM season, such as webinars, meetups, podcasts, etc.
- Establish communication channels between PIs and students in the Community with the aim of sharing experiences that inspire new generations of synthetic biologists.
- Create a space where PIs can share their knowledge in order to develop new resources, programs, or initiatives in the iGEM Community.
- Identify and guide the development of new useful resources and activities for PIs during the iGEM Grand Jamboree season with the aim of making their experience much more enriching.


DA's Tricks and Cryptic Shorthands
The Puzzle Section has an extensive list of cryptic shorthands and abbreviations. And, of course, there's a Wikipedia page with a list of abbreviations as well.
It's a Wikipedia article, so if there's something you think is missing, just go in and edit the page.
But more specifically for DA, the following might trip you up:
 - Every now and again, one needs to think of a word's alternative pronunciation to get at the meaning DA is actually referring to. Cases in point:
 - Little can just be l;
 - Often a subject pronoun and a verb will refer to a person. Cases in point:
 - In DA's hands, top can either mean to grab the first letter of the next or previous word, or it can mean to behead the first letter of the next or previous word, i.e. top mark can possibly mean m or ark, as well as A, 10, screamer, Michael Diamond etc.
 - Take note of words like nog, not and athena — DA has used those words to mean no g, no t and a then a respectively!
 - DA is fond of using mo to mean a second, a moment etc., which it seems a whole lot of people trip themselves up on — even those of us familiar with DA's penchants.
14 thoughts on "DA's Tricks and Cryptic Shorthands
 1. He also likes to refer to himself ie 'I' or 'compiler' to mean 'da'.
 2. I think that's fairly universal.
 I've also seen one seen one of the Guardian compilers use "Guardian" to mean "we". Not sure if that would work for a compiler such as DA who is in multiple papers, though in other respects he is not ashamed of his Melbournite bias.
 3. Some more that seem to be unique to DA:
 "band", "bang" and "bank", indicating removing the d, g, and k respectively.
 "Lowering head" indicating moving the first letter to the end. E.g. "Cow lowering head" = OWC.
 4. Specifics
 "discover" (dis-cover) can mean remove first letter.
 "dock" commonly used to mean remove last letter.
 "extremes" can mean first and last letter.
 "hands" can mean H and S. In this case spaces have been removed to misdirect the solver.
 "bondage," which commonly means SM, can mean SANDM.
 Definitions, or defs, are rarely straightforward. Often the answer is an obscure or rarely used sense of the def. E.g. "all humans" = GLOBAL
 Clues that consist of anagram, anagram indicator (anagrind) and def, and nothing else, are not very common (once or twice a puzzle). Other setters will throw these bones to solvers in larger numbers (half a dozen or more per puzzle, perhaps?), but DA is too conniving (or sadistic?) for that. Anagrams are more likely to be part of a larger clue.
 5. He also uses a feigned stutter. For example:
 "s-stutter" could equal STRIP (S + TRIP as a synonym for stutter)
 DA likes containers – a word (or part of a word) within another word. DA uses a wide range of words to indicate this mechanism, but the most common containment indicator is 'in'. Possibly the second most common indicator is 'during'.
 Words are sometimes modified (e.g. first letter removed, or jumbled, or reversed) before being inserted into the other word.
 On rare occasions there are nested containers. That is, a word within a word within a word. This can make for some rather convoluted clues.
 On average a few times per puzzle, DA will use a reversal in the wordplay.
 'back", "up" and "over" appear to be DA's most common indicators of reversals.
 Verbs starting with "re-" are sometimes used to show reversals: "returned", "reviewed", "reflected", "rejected", etc.
 Adjectives/nouns starting with "up-" are also used: "upstanding", "uplifting", "uprising", etc.
 Prepared bait in grass to repel orchard pest
 In this clue, the solver needs to find a word meaning grass and reverse it. So TURF > FRUT. (Then place the scrambled letters of "bait" inside FRUT to get the final answer – FRUIT BAT)
 In this example, "repel", or "to repel", is the reversal indicator.
 Sometimes hiddens (another clue type) are reversed. In these cases there will be a hidden indicator and a reversal indicator.
 Roughly once or twice a puzzle, there is an instruction to remove a word's first letter.
 Here's an example:
 Dance way above ceremony, topless (5)
 The answer is STOMP – a kind of dance.
 So 'dance' is the definition. How about the wordplay?
 'way', as it often does, gives ST.
 Then a word meaning 'ceremony' – POMP – is decapitated to provide OMP. Put ST and OMP together to get the answer.
 There are a range of remove-first-letter instructions. One of the most common is in the example above – topless.
 Other instructions that DA uses include:
 discover or discovered
 heading off
 loses/losing/lost + roof/face/lead/head
 uncrown, behead, etc
 For removing initial H, there is a sub-set of instructions:
 (for) Cockney
 in East London
 Cockney dope in trial tumult (7)
 Answer: TEMPEST
 In this example 'Cockney' means take the H from HEMP (synonym of 'dope') to get EMP. Then place EMP in TEST (synonym of 'trial') to get the answer (which is defined by 'tumult').
 9. "offender" meaning remove the last letter [off – ender].
 "offenders" meaning remove more than one of the letters at the end of the word [off – enders].
 10. What does he mean when he writes "Some answers are related and thus go undefined?
 11. Hey Inga, DA means that there is no definition in the clues, i.e. it's all wordplay, and the definition is related to the theme that you slowly have to piece together.
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Network & IT Systems Monitoring | Monitis - Monitor Everything
Everything about Web and Network Monitoring
The Chronology of a Click, Part IV
Welcome to Part IV of Chronology of a Click.This series chronologically details what happens after a user clicks on a link in a web page. It is interspersed with website performance tips that relate to the topic being discussed. It is presented in multiple parts:
The following looks at the activity from the OSI model's viewpoint because that model best illustrates the chronological sequence we are illustrating in this article. Note that your operating system probably does not follow the OSI model exactly. This may result in minor reordering, combining, or splitting of activities, but not enough to make a huge difference to the discussion.
Before we get into the details, though, here are a few performance considerations that apply to the entire process.
Performance Consideration: As with every machine involved in this process, the machine that hosts the web server must be configured to take advantage of whatever resources it has. How to configure the protocol stack varies by operating system and a full discussion is beyond the scope of this article. The best advice I can offer here is to assume that the default configuration is not suitable.
Performance Consideration: If the entire HTTP request can fit into one frame, it will go through the Internet and up the server's protocol stack once. If the HTTP request requires multiple frames, it will go through the Internet multiple times. If it requires multiple datagrams or multiple TCP segments, it will go up the server's protocol stack multiple times. Here are some tips to help keep HTTP requests small enough for a single frame:
 - Keep domain names, paths, and file names short.
 - Minimize the amount of GET and POST data.
 - If possible, use server-side session data instead of GET or POST data.
 - Use server-side session data for server-side processing and client-side session data for client-side processing.
 - Avoid cookies. Use client-side local storage instead.
 - Include only those header lines that really matter.
As you would expect, these tips will help in other areas, too, not just in the time spent negotiating the server's protocol stack.
Performance Consideration: Measure, benchmark, and monitor. This age-old mantra is as valid today as it was in the beginning. The most important measurement is overall page load time, which includes all the different steps described in this article. However, monitoring the individual parts (like the individual parts of this article) can give advance warning of trouble that's brewing and can help locate the source of a performance problem. Would it come as any surprise if I were to suggest the free monitoring service available at Monitor.Us? You were probably expecting that, weren't you?
Performance Consideration: Monitor available memory, CPU utilization, packet loss ratio, free space on the disk, and the number of unused connections. There shouldn't be any paging or swapping, so use a monitor to watch for it.
The Physical Layer
Performance Consideration: Add more memory, disk space, and processors. You can never have enough. [Well, that's not quite true, but you get the idea.]
The Data Link Layer
When bits and bytes start arriving at the physical layer, the data link layer jumps into action. It removes the bits and bytes and reassembles them into frames. It checks for a few low-level errors and asks its neighbour to retransmit anything that seems to be corrupted.The data link layer also reassembles the frames into IP datagrams, which it passes up to the network layer.
The Network Layer
Upon receipt of the IP datagram, the network layer checks the destination IP address. In part III, the network layer of the intermediate machines found that the destination IP address was different from their own, so they sent the datagram to one of the neighbouring machines.In the present case, though, the network layer sees that the IP address is the same as this machine's IP address, so it does not route it to a neighbouring machine. Instead, it extracts the TCP segment from the IP datagram and passes it up the protocol stack to the transport layer.
The Transport Layer
The transport layer is a busy little boy.It first lets the client know that the TCP segment has been received. However, if the segment was corrupted enroute (remember the checksum?), it instead asks the client to retransmit the segment. If the segment was corrupted, the transport layer now aborts processing. In either case, it's down the protocol stack, through the Internet, and up the client machine's protocol stack to its transport layer.If the TCP segment was not corrupted, the transport layer checks to see if it was previously received. If it was, this new one is discarded and further processing is aborted.Since the transport layer is responsible for in-order delivery of TCP segments, it now looks at the sequence number. [Part II told about the client machine's transport layer putting the sequence number into the TCP segment.] If this is the next sequence number in order, it unpackages the HTTP and passes it up to the session layer. However, if this segment is arriving earlier than some of its preceding segments, the transport layer hangs onto it while waiting for the missing segments.
If this TCP segment is one that another TCP segment was waiting for, the transport layer now unpackages both (in the right order, of course) and sends them up to the session layer.
Performance Consideration: It becomes apparent that lost TCP segments (often called lost packets) slows everything down. Eventually, the client side's transport layer will notice that a segment wasn't acknowledged, so it will resend that segment, but in the meantime, the server's transport layer is holding back all the other segments that are waiting for the missing one.
Monitoring the lost packet ratio is important. If it suddenly spikes, this is an indication that something is going wrong. Your users may not notice anything more than a slight drop in performance, so you have an opportunity to fix a problem before it garners attention.The net result of the transport layer's efforts: The HTTP is passed to the session layer in the correct order with no duplicates, nothing missing, and nothing corrupted.
The Session Layer
The session layer opens, closes, and manages connections. However, it does not close the connection at this point because the request has not been filled yet. The server still needs to send the response to the client, so the connection remains open for that purpose. See parts V and VII of this article (coming soon to the Monitor.Us blog near you) to find out how the connection gets closed.
Performance Consideration: SSL encryption should be avoided whenever possible because it adds additional back-and-forth handshaking. Each trip requires another trip down a protocol stack, through the Internet, and back up a protocol stack. Use SSL only if posting confidential form data. [Remember, we're talking about the request here, not the response.]
Performance Consideration: There is one glaring performance problem right here in the session layer:
 - Pipelining allows requests to be submitted to the server before the server has finished serving prior requests, but it is disabled by default in most browsers. Even if pipelining is turned on, HTTP forces strict first-in, first-out processing. Connection sharing is good, but serving requests in parallel with other requests would be so-o-o much better.
SPDY is a new application layer protocol that offers true pipelining. If you're using Google Chrome, you may already be using SPDY. You'll be hearing more about this in the not-too-distant future.
The session layer passes the HTTP request up to the presentation layer.
The Presentation Layer
The presentation layer is the translation layer. It converts between text formats and image formats so unlike machines can work with each other. It compresses and decompresses. It encrypts and decrypts.In this case, the presentation layer doesn't have a lot of work to do. HTTP requests are not often compressed or encrypted, so there is seldom a need to decompress or decrypt. They aren't images, so image translation won't be necessary either.An HTTP POST request contains a body, which the client's presentation layer may have encrypted or compressed. In these cases, the server's presentation layer decrypts and/or decompresses.
Performance Consideration: SSL creates more work for the presentation layer, too. Use SSL only if posting confidential form data. [Remember, we're talking about the request here, not the response.]
Peeking Into the Future: The ultimate privacy is to encrypt everything that travels through the Internet. As demand for ultimate privacy increases, the inability to encrypt HTTP headers becomes more of an issue. SPDY (mentioned above) encrypts everything, including headers. Keep your eyes open – it's coming.
When finished, the presentation layer sends the HTTP request up the protocol stack to the application layer.
The Application Layer
The application layer receives the HTTP request and passes it to the web server software (e.g., Apache) in a format the web server understands.
The Web Server
The web server now knows which resource is being requested, so it … (continued in part V; keep your eyes on the Monitor.Us blog).
Just as the HTTP request had to go down the OSI protocol stack on the client's machine, it has to come up the protocol stack on the server's machine. Each layer has its own job to do, and each layer can be configured well or poorly for its task. The machine's resources and its overall configuration will also impact performance.
About Warren Gaebel
Web & Cloud


text:
Dental Aptitude Test Program
The Dental Aptitude Test (DAT) Program is conducted by the Canadian Dental Association (CDA), in coordination with the American Dental Association, and has been in operation on a national basis since 1966.
As a dental school applicant, you are encouraged to participate in the DAT well in advance of applying to dental school. Ideally, you should take the DAT exam at least one year before entering dental school.
Submission of DAT scores is an admission requirement of most of the 10 Canadian dental schools, though not all the schools require results from the Manual Dexterity Test. Canadian DAT scores are accepted by most U.S. dental schools, but because the U.S. DAT does not include a manual dexterity component, results of the U.S. DAT cannot be used for admission to Canadian dental schools. For exceptional circumstances, contact the dental school regarding their possible acceptance of U.S. DAT scores.
Examinations are held twice a year, in November and February, at various test centres across Canada. The testing program is designed to evaluate general academic ability, comprehension of scientific information, twoand three-dimensional visual perception and manual dexterity.
While all Canadian dental schools require applicants to submit DAT scores as part of the admission process, the test results are only one factor considered in evaluating the admission potential of an applicant. The relative importance of DAT scores in evaluating the admission potential of an applicant is determined by each dental school and is not regulated by the DAT Program.
Registration for the DAT is not an application to dental school. Information on admission requirements of individual dental schools must be obtained directly from each dental school.
DAT regulations, guidelines and fees are subject to change without notice.
Information for Dental School Applicants
Pre-Dental School Requirements
To complete an application for entry to a dental school, contact the school(s) of your choice directly and return the completed application according to the instructions given by the school(s) you are applying to.
There are certain basic pre-dental education courses that must be completed before enrolment in dental school. Since these requirements vary from school to school, it is essential that applicants contact the appropriate school(s) to determine specific admission requirements. Contact information for Canadian dental schools is listed on its own page.
Scope of the DAT
|SCOPE OF DENTAL APTITUDE TEST (DAT)|
|Component||Number of Questions||Time allotted|
|Manual Dexterity Test (MDT)||N/A||30 minutes|
|Survey of Natural Sciences (SNS)||70 questions ( Biology 1-40 chemistry 41-70)||60 minutes|
|Perceptual Ability Test (PAT)||90 questions||60 minutes|
|Reading Comprehension Test (RCT)||50 questions||50 minutes|
There are 4 examinations included in the English DAT and 3 examinations included in the French DAT. The tests are administered over one half (½) day and include:
1. Manual Dexterity Test - 30 minutes
Carving a specified model out of a cylindrical bar of soap specially made for the DAT.
*Please note that not all Canadian dental schools use the Manual Dexterity Test (MDT) as part of their admission requirements. It is your responsibility to verify the admission requirements of dental schools that you are interested in applying to and to understand each school's admission requirements. Students who plan to apply to more than one school should strongly consider taking the MDT.
2. Survey of Natural Sciences - 60 minutes
Biology - origin of life; cell metabolism (including photosynthesis); enzymology; cellular processes; thermodynamics; organelle structure and function; mitosis/meiosis; biological organization and relationship of major taxa (using the five-kingdom system: monera, planti; anamalia; protista; fungi); Vertebrate Anatomy and Physiology - structure and function of vertebrate systems (integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, immunological, digestive, respiratory, urinary, nervous/senses, endocrine, and reproductive); Developmental Biology - fertilization, descriptive embryology, and developmental mechanisms; Genetics: molecular genetics; human genetics; classical genetics; Chromosomal genetics; Evaluation, Ecology, and Behaviour: natural selection; population genetics/speciation; cladistics; population and community ecology; ecosystems; animal behaviour (including social).
General Chemistry – Stoichiometry and General Concepts (percent composition; empirical formulae; balancing equations; moles and molecular formulas; molecular formula weights; molar mass; density; calculations from balanced equations; gases (kinetic molecular theory of gases; Dalton's, Boyle's, Charles', and ideal gas laws); liquids and solids; (intermolecular forces; phase changes; vapour pressure; structures; polarity; properties); Solutions (polarity; properties; colligative; non-colligative; forces; concentration calculations) Acids and Bases (pH; strength; BrØnsted-Lowry reactions; calculations) Chemical Equilibria (molecular; acid/base; precipitation; calculations; Le Chatelier's principle); Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry (law of thermodynamics; Hess's law; spontaneity; enthalpies and entropies; heat transfer) Chemical Kinetics (rate laws; activation energy; half-life) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (balancing equations; determination of oxidation numbers; electrochemical calculations; electrochemical concepts and terminology) Atomic and Molecular Structure (electron configuration; orbital types; Lewis-Dot diagrams; atomic theory; quantum theory; molecular geometry; bond types; sub-atomic particles) Periodic Properties (representative elements; transition elements; periodic trends; descriptive chemistry) Nuclear Reactions (balancing equations; binding energy; decay processes; particles; terminology) Laboratory (basic techniques; equipment; error analysis; safety; data analysis)
3. Perceptual Ability - 60 minutes
The Perceptual Ability Test is comprised of six subtests: 1) apertures, 2) view recognition, 3) angle discrimination, 4) paper folding, 5) cube counting, and 6) 3D form development.
4. Reading Comprehension (English DAT only) - 50 minutes
Consists of 3 reading passages. Ability to read, organize, analyze and remember new information in dental and basic sciences. Ability to comprehend thoroughly when studying scientific information. Reading materials are typical of materials encountered in the first year of dental school and require no prior knowledge of the topic other than a basic undergraduate preparation in science.
The Englishand French-language examinations require approximately 5 and 4 hours respectively, with no formal lunch break. However, stretch breaks will be provided.