Rethinking Mission 2: Being a guest
I'm a poor host but I'm learning to be a better guest.
Nothing has struck me as forcefully about the need to rethink how we approach mission than the idea of the missionary as a guest. Perhaps it's my western hero complex that wants to go to another country to 'make a difference' but going to serve should mean going as a guest.
So what is it about being a guest that is noteworthy?
 1. The guest comes because they are invited, or at least only stays because they are welcomed.
 2. Relying on an invitation means we might not get one.
 3. While some cultures honour you, you are expected to follow the host cultures food, manners and ways of doing things.
 4. The host decides the rules and sets the boundaries.
 5. Guests have an attitude of gratitude to their hosts. They welcome the host showing them around and don't start changing things around because they can improve it.
 6. Sometimes you are invited with an agenda (because you can help the host with something), more often you are invited to build a relationship.
 7. Becoming a guest changes the power dynamics, it means we give up control. It might not change the power dynamic of money but reminds us to be careful to use it wisely. When we go for a meal it may be appropriate to take a small gift, but it would seem very strange to give a car.
There are some biblical ideas to help us think like this in terms of mission:
The road to Emmaus: it was when the travellers urged Jesus to stay and eat with them that they were able to recognise him. Indeed Jesus often choose to eat with others (and didn't normally invite himself).OK, hospitality was particularly important in the culture, but willingness to be a guest and his attitude towards people are noteworthy.
When Jesus sends out the seventy two they don't raise funds for the mission trip, they don't take clothes and other things to 'bless' the villages with, they go with nothing and rely on people's hospitality. They went out as lambs among wolves, not as people from strong passport countries.
Paul's 'missionary journeys' depended on being hosted. He usually started among his own people in the Synagogue before moving to live in someone's house (or household).
John's gospel starts with the promise that those who receive (or welcome) the Word have the right to be children of God. Our adoption into the family of God comes from our welcome not from Jesus' imposition.
486px-andrej_rublëv_001Abraham's hospitality to the three visitors at Mamre was the setting for Rublev's famous icon of the Trinity. The link between God, our relationship with him and hospitality has a long history. Our willingness to be welcomed is just as important for gospel witness as our willingness to welcome.
Some may want to counter that the Bible doesn't tell us to be guests but it doesn't tell us to 'go on missions' either. But going as guests captures something of the way that we need to think of ourselves and about our witness to the gospel in different contexts.
As I waited for my flight home the other day I had several hours to wait at Amsterdam Airport. As I often do after an 11 hour flight I spent time walking around and came across a small group of people sitting huddled on some chairs. It soon became clear that this was a group from an English speaking country who were going on a mission trip to a 'developing' country. Now I've led mission teams, I get the need for preparation but as I listened I couldn't help but wonder how different it might be if they thought of themselves as going as guests rather than going to 'love on' them, 'teach these dear ones about Jesus' and 'help these people who have nothing'.
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text:
Since the early 1990s, Wichita State University has been committed to reducing its impact on the environment through recycling, reducing its carbon footprint and increasing the energy efficiency of its buildings. Here are some of the green efforts the institution has undertaken.
Since 2005, WSU has been involved in a $12 million project with national energy management firm Custom Energy to improve the energy efficiency of buildings on campus. Among the projects completed include retrofits of lighting systems and boiler plant improvements. The university also receives funds of approximately $1.6 million each year from the State of Kansas that are applied to installation of energy efficient windows and doors, electricity-conserving lighting systems and upgraded heating and cooling systems.
Among Kansas Board of Regents schools, Wichita State was an early adopter of recycling, launching a campus-wide initiative in 1992 at the behest of WSU President Warren Armstrong. In 2009, WSU recycled 34.6 percent of its total waste stream. The recycling program collects office paper, newspaper, magazines and aluminum and plastic beverage containers at widespread recycling stations it its buildings. It also accepts phone books, campus directories, wood, steel and tin cans through the WSU Recycle Program office.
Carbon emission reduction
Wichita State University has a small carbon footprint with low-emission natural gas boilers. The university has made strides in its fleet emissions, as well. The WSU Police Department has added new flexible-fuel vehicles that run on ethanol, and has deployed new battery-powered, three-wheel platform vehicles for patrolling campus to further reduce fuel consumption.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Running a macro on an Excel spreadsheet, I get the Run-time error:
1004 Command could not be completed by using the range specified.
Selected Debug and the highlighted code is:
Selection.Subtotal GroupBy:=5, Function:=xlSum, TotalList:=Array(6, 7, 8, 9, _
 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23), Replace:=True, _
 PageBreaks:= False, SummaryBelowData:=True
Looking elsewhere and I find this generally means a sort was attempted while there was not a selected cell.
However, the line immediately prior to the highlighted code is:
And the two lines immediately following these two are essentially identical, just sorting a different section of the sheet:
Selection.Sort Key1:=Range("E4"), Order1:=xlAscending, Key2:=Range("A4") _
 , Order2:=xlAscending, Header:=xlGuess, OrderCustom:=1, MatchCase:= _
 False, Orientation:=xlTopToBottom
Is the difference tied up in the SortRange.Select versus the SubRange.Select?
In testing I've found the error occurs when a certain column containing numeric values is imported as text versus being imported as General. The column data is numeric, but it has leading zeroes and are not to be mathematically manipulated and so, by good Excel practices, ought to be treated as text.
Any ideas what I ought to do to try and diagnose this?
share|improve this question
what range is selected? what is SubRange.Select referring to? – datatoo May 17 '11 at 22:35
_USER_: That is a good question. I'm not sure. The only difference I've found between this script failing at this point and not failing is the datatype issue noted in the second to last paragraph of the initial question. – music2myear May 18 '11 at 14:54
can you step through and debug to see what the SubRange.Select is selecting? And are you sure each of the columns you are trying to run a subtotal on, are in fact numbers? – datatoo May 18 '11 at 15:18
Hmm, you bring up a good point. There are two or three columns where numeric characters are used but not as values (like account numbers, you don't really want to treat them as numbers). I'll check and see if for some reason the macro is trying to run a formula on these. – music2myear May 18 '11 at 15:24
it may even be that excel is not determining which are the headers. If the macro merely selects a cell in the range but the headers are not formatted differently, e.g. bold, underlined, etc. excel may not discern them. – datatoo May 19 '11 at 22:57
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I would just add the following after Subrange.Select:
Selection.NumberFormat = "@"
to set the Subrange to the Text Format.
share|improve this answer
Oooh, I'll have to remember that. Thank you. I'll see if it makes any difference. – music2myear May 23 '11 at 14:32
I haven't had time to implement this change due to other projects that are higher priority. I'll select this as the answer and open a new question or revisit this one if the issue persists. – music2myear Jun 20 '11 at 19:21
Your Answer


text:
Colors are according to IMGT Color menu for sequence alignments and Color menu for CDR-IMGT
- Amino acids are shown in the one-letter abbreviation.
- Hydrophobic amino acids (hydropathy index with positive value) and Tryptophan (W) found at a given position in more than 50% of analysed IG and TR sequences are shown in blue.
- All Proline (P) are shown in yellow.
- The CDR-IMGT are limited by amino acids shown in squares, which belong to the neighbouring FR-IMGT. The CDR3-IMGT extend from position 105 to position 117.
- Missing positions in IMGT Colliers de Perles based on 3D structures may be due to incomplete experimental data.
- Arrows indicate the direction of the beta sheets and their different designations in 3D structures. This information has to be used carefully if not supported by experimental data.
- CDR-IMGT regions are colored as follows: CDR1-IMGT (blue), CDR2-IMGT (green), CDR3-IMGT (greenblue).
- C at position 23 (1st-CYS), W at position 41 (CONSERVED-TRP), letter of the conserved hydrophobic amino acid at position 89, and C at position 104 (2nd-CYS) are in red.
If an amino acid change occurs at these crucial positions, the letter will remain red.
- Hatched circles or squares correspond to missing positions according to the IMGT unique numbering for V-DOMAIN
(Lefranc et al. 2003 PMID: _PHONE_
The proteolytic cleavage site between the leader peptide and the V-REGION is putative and the assignment of amino acid 1 to one or the other region is uncertain.
- Last updated:
- Tuesday, 21-Jan-2020 21:00:15 CET
- François Ehrenmann, Patrice Duroux, Chantal Ginestoux
- Scientific officer:
- Marie-Paule Lefranc

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Singapore BMI Calculator
* Adjusted to lowered BMI ranges
Singapore BMI calculator is tuned to particularities of oriental life style and food preferences. Calculator is adjusted to lowered BMI ranges. Severe underweight is considered only if calculator shows index lower than 15. If the values of calculator are between 18.5 and 22.9, the risk of health problems is low. People with BMI of 27.5 and higher are found at increased risk of heart disease and diabetes.


Advertising: Innovation –Adoption Model
Rogers propounded the third model, which is known as Innovation –Adoption Model. This model has relevance to new product introductions and particularly useful for adoption of non-commercial services or practices in developing countries. The stages of evaluation and trail before adoption (or purchase) are considered significant in the design of advertising program. The decision in favor of making an evaluation is likely to be influenced by information available from various sources including advertising. Evaluation constitutes a major step towards the adoption of the product or service.
I do hope you have gone over the various models and are trying to understand the relevance of them in the context of advertising. It is basically how you register an advertisement after seeing it and the course of action as in the purchase that takes place.


text:
Harmful to someone or something; detrimental: the conclusions in the annual report of the commission are prejudicious
More example sentences
- The belief is widespread that uncleanness bears or contains some noxious power which is injurious to health and life and prejudicious to man's higher interests.
- In a letter, the bishop of Arequipa referred to independence as "irrational, prejudicious, injurious, and criminal before God."
- Sleeping on a post would be a good deal more sensible, unless there's a nail in it, which might be prejudicious for the uniform.
- More example sentences
- The possibility that various groups of poverty children might have other linguistic styles is discounted by simply and prejudiciously considering such children to be linguistically immature.
- There was no weapon possessed by organized labor that could successfully cope with the 'power of this judge-made law' which affected so prejudiciously the interests of the workers.
- Numerous human realities formed through human practice are often prejudiciously closed rather than open.


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Actually, unitary pseudo-collapse?
Von Neuman said quantum mechanics proceeds by two processes: unitary evolution and nonunitary reduction, also now called projection, collapse and splitting.
Collapse is non-unitary by definition, and the impossibility of unitary collapse is also a basic mathematical theorem. But we no longer believe, as Bohr did, in two Kingdoms, one classical and one quantum. Instead, we now talk about the emergence of the pseudo-classical. Similarly, I suggest, we can now talk about a pseudo-collapse, which is pseudo-unitary.
In a collapse two things happen: First, the matrix diagonalizes, and then, it becomes one dimensional, ie one element of the main diagonal becomes 1 and all the others become 0. This second part is the nonunitary projection part. (In a slight variation, we have two corresponding matrices, labelled system and apparatus, and the coresponding "pointer state" in the apparatus goes to 1, and all the other pointer states go to 0.) Now along comes decoherence, and we have three matrices, S,A, and E: System, Apparatus and Environment. Actually, these three matices are submatrices, ie diagonal blocks in one bi gger matrix. You can still diagonalize everything by unitary operations. But you still can't project it to a one dimensional definite outcome by unitary means. However, I think you can make the S block one dimensional by unitary operations if you push the off diagonal terms into the S-E quadrant. Is this correct?
This seems almost obvious to me, but I can't find confirmation. In fact, as I searched, I found lots of discussion on the diagonalization process, but almost nothing about the selection step, which is the real crux of the process, as far as 'I am concerned. Why is this? Can someone point me to a good discussion of the selection process? And confirm that my pseudo-unitary pseudo-collapse is mathematically possible?
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I cannot understand what for a WF collapse can still be needed today. The Gell-Mann Griffiths Omnes school (Consistent Histories) has shown that not even a medium is necessary for decoherence. Decoherence makes ordinary logic work well in QM, is only impractical to compute. I think they solved the problem but I also may be wrong, did not followed the field. – Lupercus Sep 5 '12 at 1:53
3 Answers 3
Rigorous adherence to the liturgical rituals of the "Church of the Larger Hilbert Space" is feasible in principle yet exponentially inefficient in practice.
One way to answer this question is by reference to a feasible numerical computation.
So fire-up MatLab; specify the dynamical system as (say) $n\sim 10$ interacting qubits; specify any desired Hamiltonian; choose some starting energy $E$; then integrate a dynamical trajectory $\psi(\,t\,|\,E\,)$.
Now perform the following exercise:
Exercise I Solely from operator expectation values associated to an $n$-qubit unitary trajectory $\psi(\,t\,|\,E\,)$, estimate the single-qubit Bloch relaxation parameters $T_1(E)$ and $T_2(E)$.
If you are more ambitious:
Exercise II (extra credit) Follow in the footsteps of Urey, Onsager, Dirac, Feynman (etc.) and estimate the thermodynamic transport coefficients of larger systems of interacting qubits, again wholly by reference to the unitary dynamical trajectory $\psi(\,t\,|\,E\,)$.
Then we have the following assertion
Assertion Without loss of accuracy in estimating $T_1(E)$ and $T_2(E)$, all but a fraction $\mathcal{O}(e^{-n})$ of the unitary dynamical trajectory $\psi(\,t\,|\,E\,)$ can be discarded.
The portion of the unitary trajectory that can be discarded — for the practical purpose of estimating thermodynamic parameters — is of course associated to qubits in "cat" states.
That is the practical reason why the "Church of the Larger Hilbert Space" is not popular among systems engineers … its liturgical rituals are exponentially inefficient!
Alternate doctrines
Efficient computational recipes for estimating thermodynamic parameters are extant in the literature; these — necessarily non-unitary — quantum dynamical recipes are reviewed in an answer to the question "Reversing gravitational decoherence."
Open questions
We have seen that rigorous adherence to the liturgical rituals of the "Church of the Larger Hilbert Space" is feasible in principle yet exponentially inefficient in practice. It is natural to wonder: "Does Nature herself embrace the strictly unitary yet exponentially inefficient liturgical rituals of the Larger Hilbert Space? Or does she resort to computationally efficient yet non-unitary dynamical trajectories similar to those of mortal engineers?"
These questions are open.
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Thanks for your answer. I am very interested in a more efficient way of doing QM. I have not been able to do your suggested exercises, or look up all of your references, but I am still working on them. – Jim Graber Sep 8 '12 at 13:01
I believe "a good discussion of the selection process" can be found in. However, I prefer just to reject collapse, based, e.g., on Schlosshauer's analysis of experimental data: "no positive experimental evidence exists for physical state-vector collapse;" (M. Schlosshauer, Annals of Physics, 321 (2006) 112-149). Collapse is an approximation in the best case. A more general reason to reject collapse - it contradicts unitary evolution.
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Thanks for good reference. – Jim Graber Sep 8 '12 at 12:52
Glad you liked it, but which one of the two?:-) – akhmeteli Sep 8 '12 at 14:50
Actually both of them, but I had already known about Schlosshauer. The other was new to me. – Jim Graber Sep 9 '12 at 14:32
You may also wish to look at their earlier work - it is older, but much, much shorter. It was eye-opening to me :-) – akhmeteli Sep 9 '12 at 14:59
Yes, this is correct. Let $\rho$ be the initial state of the system S and let $|0>$ be the initial state of the apparatus. Take $P_m$ to be a set of rank-1 projectors you measure, with $m$ denoting the outcome. Then $\rho \otimes |0> \mapsto \sum_m P_m \rho \otimes |m>$, which we can denote as $U$, can be extended to a unitary operation for any initial state $\rho$. This is because for any two pure initial states $|\psi>, |\phi>$ we have that $(<\phi| \otimes <0|) U^\dagger U (|\psi> \otimes |0>) = <\phi|\psi>$. In words, $U$ acts as a unitary operation on this particular subspace. For a proof that there exists a unitary extension to the entire Hilbert space, see for example Nielsen and Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.
At the conclusion of this process, the system state is of the form $\sum_m p_m |m>


text:
There is no usage guidance for this tag … yet!
Usage guidance, also known as a tag wiki excerpt, is a short blurb that describes when and why a tag should be used on this site specifically.
Fossils are the evidence of past life that has been preserved in rocks.
As such, fossils can cover wide range of features. As well as the relatively common 'hard preservation' of common shells, they can include organic carbon films (e.g. leaves); isotope deviations (e.g. the hints of early ~3.5-4Ga life); chemical fossils (amino acids, keratin, breakdown products); casts (eg. at Pompeii); footprints; coprolites (fossil dung); regurgites (fossil vommit); burrows; and even buried cars, telephone boxes, etc ('technofossils') could be considered fossils.


text:
The Cronulla Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is one of 30 wastewater treatment and water recycling plants in greater Sydney, the Blue Mountains, and the Illawarra. It is owned and operated by Sydney Water, Australia's largest water utility. The plant is located on the southern end of the Kurnell Peninsula (about 18 km [11 miles] from the city center), and treats about 54 million liters (14 million gallons) of wastewater a day.
Like many of Sydney Water's WWTPs, the Cronulla WWTP is located in a sensitive environmental area. Concerns regarding the potential impact of odors on a new residential development near the WWTP led to a review of odor sources and environmental factors. The source of odor was determined to be coming especially from the primary treatment areas: inlet screening, grit tanks, primary sedimentation tanks (PSTs), PST launders, inter-stage overflow, and pumping station areas. There were existing covers on the grit tanks, launders and the inter-stage overflow area, but the covers had reached the end of their service life and were not effectively controlling odor emissions.
Sydney Water felt it had an obligation to be a responsible neighbor, so it decided to develop and implement an odor control improvement project that would drastically reduce predicted odor impacts. The project would also ensure the Cronulla WWTP could continue to perform in line with environmental requirements. The Odor Management Program Alliance (Sydney Water, Lend Lease, and CH2M Hill) worked to design, deliver, and manage the project, which included three areas of focus related to odors:
- Covering the various treatment tanks to capture foul air while allowing the required operator and maintenance teams access to tank internals.
- Rehabilitating and protecting concrete structures below the covered areas to ensure the intended asset life.
- Constructing a new odor treatment facility to capture and treat the foul air.
Because the Cronulla WWTP had been identified as having a 'high odor risk', the design and implementation of the odor control technology was important. "Odor control covers must be tailored to suit the requirements of plant operational and maintenance teams," says Robert Aurisch, Cronulla Plant Manager. A combination of innovative and traditional cover solutions were needed to address the odor issue.
Sydney Water and their engineering advisor, CH2M Hill, researched available cover technologies to determine the appropriate cover designs for the different process units at the Cronulla WWTP. When it came to choosing a cover technology for the PSTs, launders, and portions of the inter-stage overflow area, operational and maintenance teams at the Cronulla WWTP knew that access and egress would be critical factors. For example, when PSTs are taken out of service for cleaning, the scraper flights must be lifted slightly to allow wash water and residuals to drain. Any odor control cover must allow this access. Considerations also included safety, manual handling requirements, confined spaces, air tightness, maintainability, and cost. Retractable covers from Evoqua's Geomembrane Technologies™ brand were selected for these large areas of the plant, where access and egress were critical.
The retractable covers were chosen because they effectively capture foul air while still allowing workers quick and easy access to tank internals. The cover system consists of retractable fabric covers tensioned over supporting aluminium arches. The design includes inspection hatches as well as clear span guardrails that allow covers to be safely opened and closed without interference from standard guardrail supports.
Sydney Water and its Alliance partners developed and implemented the right solution for the Cronulla WWTP to help it fulfill its obligations as a neighbour within its community.
Wastewater is treated to tertiary standard (the highest level of treatment) and then used for irrigation. Odors are proactively controlled, while protecting plant infrastructure and allowing operational and maintenance teams to perform their necessary work.
With the newly designed ventilation system, Evoqua's Geomembrane Technologies™ brand covers are able to maintain a negative pressure of around 20 Pascal (0.08" w.g.), which means an odor capture of more than 99%.


Clincal Trials
EDIBLE is an interventional clinical trial in 120 children and adolescents with epilepsy due to Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) type II. The EDIBLE study will investigate the role and possible benefits of a ketogenic diet (KD) taken for six months before resective surgery, on seizure outcome and other factors. Visit this page for more information.
What is DESIRE?
Epilepsy is a condition which affects over 6 million persons in Europe. Among these are 100 000 children who are diagnosed annually with epilepsy. Currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have not been found to prevent the onset of epilepsy, or to alter the natural course of the disease, and the effect of the medicines we have to date is essentially symptomatic.
DESIRE is an EU funded project which has brought together a critical mass of researchers from 26 different institutions in Europe.
These researchers are using these EU funds to focus on types of epilepsies which have proven to be very difficult to treat ie epileptogenic developmental disorders (EDD), i.e. early onset epilepsies whose origin is closely related to developmental brain processes. EDD are the most frequent drug-resistant pediatric epilepsies and they carry a lifelong perspective of disability and reduced quality of life.
A major cause of EDDs are malformations of development of an important part of the brain – the cortex. EDDs are often manifested as conditions in which epileptic activity itself may contribute to severe cognitive and behavioral impairment in the child. These are called epileptic encephalopathies.
What are we researching in DESIRE?
EDDs collectively represent a major medical and socio-economic burden and yet their diagnosis, what is happening at a basic cellular level and how best to treat are poorly understood.
Thus the main aims of DESIRE are to research:
 1. the possible genetic causes of EEDs and understand what is happening at a molecular and protein level in the brain in these conditions
 2. to find new diagnostic tools (biomarkers) and protocols by studying children with EDDs and thus to provide standardized diagnosis research across Europe.
 3. To find new treatment for EDD using clinical protocols and novel preventative strategies.
Who is involved in DESIRE?
DESIRE is an EU FP7 funded project, involving 26 partners in 11 countries, with eight third parties, more than 250 researchers involved and 19 clinical centres involved in the clinical trial. It is co-ordinated by Prof. Renzo Guerrini, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA) Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
These consortium partners have an excellent track record in genetics, basic neurophysiology, neuropathology and clinical research. Specialized expertise will also be made available by the SMEs involved to help develop novel diagnostic tools for tailored treatment approaches.
How can patients can contribute to DESIRE?
You can do so by contacting one of our partners (see our participants page for a list of participants across Europe) and ask whether it would be possible to participate in one of the various clinical trials. You or your child can participate in these trials if you have epilepsy, by providing blood samples, by participating in the treatment trials, by making our project known to other patients and representatives and if you wish by donating money for further research.
If you are interested to learn more about DESIRE, please contact:
Prof. Janet Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Malta - member of DESIRE WP7, Dissemination and Exploitation.


text:
Get the pip
Become irritated or annoyed.
It isn't likely that anyone would guess the original meaning of 'the Pip'. The odd fact is that it was coined in the 15th century as the name of a respiratory disease of birds. Specifically a disease that had a typical symptom of a white scaly patch on the tongue. This is first cited in the Middle English translation of the 4th century Roman writer Palladius's De Re Rustica, circa 1440:
And other while an hen wul ha the pippe,
A whit pilet that wul the tonge enrounde
Contemporary with that usage is a reference to a human disease. This appears in John Lelamour's translation of the 15th century herbal guide the Macer Herbal:
Playnteyn helithe the pipe [Plantain heals the pip]
It's good to find a use for plantain, which most gardeners revile as a noxious weed.
Some early citations concerning the human disease Pip refer to it as a disease of the mouth and it may be that duplicates the bird disease name. Other citations are quite varied in their context and it is more likely that 'Pip' was a jokey disease name, somewhat like 'lurgy' or 'nadgers'.
Most references to 'the pip' related specifically to the bird disease, which appears to have been well known and is frequently referred to in print. People in poor spirits were described as 'like a chicken with the pip' etc.
It wasn't until the 19th century that the specific avian references were dropped and people who were were annoyed or dispirited began to be described simply as having 'got the pip'. An example of that comes in High and Low, a novel by the English author Henry Coke, 1845:
"Yes, will you come?"
"I want to come, but here's More says he won't go."
"What's the matter, has he got the pip?" inquired his lordship.


text:
Jewish Shelter Home
The Jewish Shelter Home in Portland, Oregon, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 1984. The home, constructed around 1902, is important for its importance as an early Jewish humanitarian institution in Portland and for its association with important Jewish American citizens and institutions responsible for the legal, political and social development of Oregon. First built as a family residence for United States Marshall Elmer Colwell and his family, it was purchased in 1919 for use as the Jewish Shelter Home.
The home itself is a stylistic anagram of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture styles, rectangular in plan, with basement, first floor, second floor, and an attic accessible by stairs. An L-shaped veranda wraps around the east and south sides of the house with columns, cornice, and frieze resembling the Tuscan order. The Shelter Home itself consisted of a large kitchen, living room, dining room and playroom on the main floor. The upper level consisted of five bedrooms and two baths. To the rear of the house was an isolation hospital with housing capacity for four children. It was considered effective in the containment of communicable disease, often a threat to young children. Activities in the Isolation Hospital were discussed frequently in the Shelter's Home minute book after 1921. It was here that the four volunteer doctors would attend the children. The Isolation Hospital now connected to the west end of the house was built as a separate structure around 1920.
The Jewish Shelter Home could obtain legal custody of children and place them for adoption. Though it was never considered an orphanage, the Home was operated with a mixture of paternalism and very professional welfare techniques. When an application for admission to the Home was received, careful biographical records were taken, a staff physician administered a complete physical examination, and the child was given a mental health test. After 1924, cases were screened for admittance by a professional social worker provided by the Jewish Welfare Federation, and periodic medical services were provided on a volunteer basis by a group of four Jewish doctors.
After purchasing the Shelter Home, its founders elected a board of directors and drafted articles of incorporation to guide its operation. The Shelter Home provided the Jewish immigrant district a certain continuity and support –the Shelter Home allowed Jewish children of disrupted family backgrounds a Jewish upbringing which they quite possibly would have missed had they been placed in a state-operated orphanage. In the course of a year, 18 to 20 children would pass through the house; each staying whatever time was necessary. This process was extremely important to the maintenance of Jewish culture and society in South Portland.
The children at the Jewish Shelter Home were afforded contact with the large population of Portland's influential Jews as well as the large number of children living in the South Portland neighborhood. The Home's board of directors wished to raise the children entrusted to them in a Jewish atmosphere and so sent the children to Chanukah parties and Passover services in neighborhood homes whenever possible. While the children did not attend public school, most were enrolled at the Hebrew School at Neighborhood House, which was in close proximity and also listed in the National Register for its similar public service roll in the South Portland neighborhood.
The home, often operating on a limited budget, depended on the volunteer services of men like Israel Dautoff, Hip Shank, and Max Turtledove, all of whom had successful businesses in South Portland. Mrs. Jeanette Meier, wife of Aaron Meier, the founder of Oregon's largest department store, took a great interest in the Jewish Shelter Home and assisted its operation by raising funds, donating money for special projects and hosting parties there.
Oregon Governor Julius Meier, son of Aaron and Jeanette Meier, and Chief Executive Officer of Meier and Frank Department Store, was the President of the Jewish Shelter Home Board from its beginning until 1933. He maintained a strong interest in the home even during his term as Oregon's Governor (_PHONE_), while he continued to serve as its Board President. Board meetings were held at his office in the Meier and Frank Store where either himself or Aaron Frank would preside.
The Jewish Shelter home was one of eight Jewish immigrant benevolent agencies held under the umbrella of the Federated Jewish Societies of Portland during the 1930s (the other agencies included the First Hebrew Benevolent Society, the Jewish relief Society, the Jewish Service Association, the South Portland Benevolent Society, the B'nai B'rith Center, the Portland Hebrew School and the Neighborhood House). Oregon Governor Julius Meier also served as President of the Federated Societies of Portland. By way of the Federated Jewish Societies, the Shelter Home was partially funded with Portland Community Chest money, indicating its importance to the larger community as well as to the local Jewish community. The Home provided security for the Jewish immigrant society and fulfilled a sense of civic duty for many people. The House is a reminder that the struggle of Jewish people in Portland to earn decent wages and rise in economic status was not always easy.
The Shelter Home operated out of this house through may 1937 and then moved to a new location at the corner of 12th and Jefferson in downtown Portland, which no longer stands. The Jewish Shelter Home is the only visual reminder of the institutions role as the forerunner to the Portland Jewish Family and Child Service. After the Shelter Home was sold back to private hands it transformed into three apartment units and later a commercial space.
Source: National Parks Service


Kistaro Windrider, Reptillian Situation Assessor (kistaro) wrote,
Kistaro Windrider, Reptillian Situation Assessor
 - Mood:
 - Music:
On The Comical Side Of Computer Programming
Something that really rocks about the Java language is the Exceptions. No, no, it sucks when something goes wrong and you have to write dodgy code to handle the possibility, but Exceptions themselves are fun. Or more accurately, the names of exceptions, because Java is very much oriented around variable names like thisIsAVeryVeryVeryLongVariableName instead of the more C-like method of, say, shorthand (tiavvvlvn).
But still, sometimes the abbreviation is the better way to pronounce an exception. Not always the proper acronym, but an abbreviation. The result is frequently something that sounds like an obcenity in a foreign language, which is perfect for a program's internal semierrors. Examples:
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: better known as the "Aioobe." That's pronounced "Aye-OOH-bee"; it occurs when one tries to use an array, but the index used isn't actually on the array.
MalformedURLException: A much better pronunciation is "Malfurle." That's a long "e" at the end: "Mal-FUR-lee". It's quite a popular error to get in applet programming, I've heard.
NullPointerException: This one doesn't have a standard or substandard short form, but has gained a sound effect with me and Ron (one of the other students in CS101 last semester) from when I tried to explain what would cause it. It goes with the hand symbol of a finger rapidly tracing a straight-line path to the right, then the entire hand opening at the last sound. The sound is best described as "whistle-plvpvt" and can't be described more than that; it symbolizes the system following a pointer ("whistle"- this part is a quick rising and falling tone) and then finding a null when it wasn't ready for one; this is the "plvpvt" sound. In the event that the program actually followed several pointer successfully before hitting the unexpected null, the whistle is repeated with the finger changing direction at the end of each, and an instantaneous stop in the whistle. The oppostite sound and action is "whistle-ding", where the "ding' is accompanied by a quick thumbs-up at wherever the hand was from the previous motion. This symbolizes a pointer actually finding an object, field, or method. (Whether it was the intended object, field, or method is another matter entirely.)
ArithmeticException: I pronounce this "deezo" ("DEE-zoe") because it is almost always caused by a divide by zero operation. Hence, deezo. Alternately, "deezro" ("DEEZ-roe").
ClassCastException: No short form, but a popular parody. Several times, I have overheard people (different sets of people, even!) calling it a "CrassClashExplosion." Considering how annoying it is when you realize that your code can cause such an error, I understand the sentiment.
And this is why I like Java Exceptions. They're fun to say!
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[haf, hahf]
noun, plural halves [havz, hahvz].
one of two equal or approximately equal parts of a divisible whole, as an object, or unit of measure or time; a part of a whole equal or almost equal to the remainder.
Sports. either of two equal periods of play, usually with an intermission or rest period separating them. Compare quarter ( def 10 ).
one of two; a part of a pair.
Football. a halfback.
British Informal.
a half-crown coin.
the sum of a half crown; two shillings, sixpence.
a half pint: He ordered a half of ale.
partial or incomplete: half measures.
in or to the extent or measure of half.
in part; partly; incompletely: half understood.
to some extent; almost: half recovered.
half again as much/many, as much as 50 percent more: This mug holds half again as much coffee as the smaller one.
half in two, Southern U.S. (chiefly Gulf States). in or into two parts; in half: Cut the cake half in two.
not half,
not at all; not really: His first attempts at painting are not half bad.
half ( def 15 ).
not the half of, a significant yet relatively minor part of something that remains to be described in full: He accused them of being responsible for the error, and that's not the half of the story. Also, not half of, not half.
before 900; Middle English; Old English h(e)alf; cognate with German Halb, Old Norse halfr, Gothic halbs
13. barely, somewhat, partially; sort of.
See well1.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To half
World English Dictionary
half (hɑːf)
n (often foll by on, in, etc), pl halves
1. a. either of two equal or corresponding parts that together comprise a whole
 b. a quantity equalling such a part: half a dozen
2. half a pint, esp of beer
3. (Scot) a small drink of spirits, esp whisky
4. sport the half of the pitch regarded as belonging to one team
5. golf an equal score on a hole or round with an opponent
6. (in various games) either of two periods of play separated by an interval (the first half and second half)
7. a half-price ticket on a bus, train, etc
8. short for half-hour
9. short for halfpenny
10. sport short for halfback
11. obsolete a half-year period
12. jocular better half a person's wife or husband
13. by half by an excessive amount or to an excessive degree: he's too arrogant by half
14. (used with a negative) by halves without being thorough or exhaustive: we don't do things by halves
15. go halves
 a. to share the expenses (of something with one other person)
 b. to share the whole amount (of something with another person): to go halves on an orange
16. a. being a half or approximately a half: half the kingdom
 b. (as pronoun; functioning as sing or plural): half of them came
17. not perfect or complete; partial: he only did a half job on it
18. to the amount or extent of a half
19. to a great amount or extent
20. partially; to an extent
21. informal half two 30 minutes after two o'clock
22. have half a mind to to have the intention of
23. informal not half
 a. not in any way: he's not half clever enough
 b. (Brit) really; very; indeed: he isn't half stupid
 c. certainly; yes, indeed
Related: bi-, demi-, hemi-, semi-
[Old English healf; related to Old Norse halfr, Old High German halb, Dutch half]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
O.E. half, halb (Mercian), healf (W. Saxon) "side, part" (original sense preserved in behalf), from P.Gmc. *khalbas "something divided" (cf. O.N. halfr, O.Fris., M.Du. half, Ger. halb, Goth. halbs "half"). Used also in O.E. phrases as in modern Ger., to mean "one half unit less than," cf. þridda
healf "two and a half," lit. "half third." The construction in two and a half, etc., is first recorded c.1200. Of time, in half past ten, etc., first attested 1750; in Scottish, the half often is prefixed to the following hour, as in Ger. (halb elf "ten thirty"). Half-and-half "ale and porter" is from 1756; half-baked in sense of "silly" is from 1855; half-breed "mixed race" is from 1760; half-blooded in this sense is from c.1600. Half-brother (early 14c.) and half-sister (c.1200) were in M.E.. Halftime in football is from 1871. half-truth is first recorded 1658; half-hearted is from 1610s. To go off half-cocked "speak or act too hastily" (1833) is in allusion to firearms.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Idioms & Phrases
In addition to the idioms beginning with half, also see at half-mast; better half; by half; glass is half full; go halfway; go off (half-cocked); in half; not bad (half bad); six of one, half dozen of the other; time and a half; with half an eye. Also see under halfway; halves.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer.
Copyright © 1997. Published by Houghton Mifflin.
Cite This Source
Example sentences
So instructors who teach half time make half as much as full-time colleagues
 with similar experience who do the same work.
Perhaps half of all hedge funds will go out of business.
The easiest way to see increasing temperatures is through the thermometer
 records kept over the past century and a half.
Copyright © 2014 Dictionary.com, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Staying Safe With High-Vis
 In Safety
High-visibility Clothing Will Save Your Life
Using high-vis gear at work to stay seen and safe.There is no doubt about it. Poor visibility has causes significant problems.
Accidents happen, especially in relation to road safety, because a driver failed to see the passer-by.
To reduce the occurrence of injuries and work-related accidents, people who are at risk are advised to wear high-visibility (high-vis) clothing and workwear.
This refers to any clothing with highly reflective properties which often involves silver reflective tape. In other cases, this type of clothing involves the use of colours that can easily be discerned from afar in contrast to the surroundings.
In work environments, industrial employees are required to wear high-vis clothing as a part of their personal protective equipment (PPE).
In this article, we discuss statistics, laws in Australia around high-vis, how high-vis gear is made, choosing the right garments, and other considerations around workwear.
Statistics and Other Facts
Numbers do not lie, as they say, and poor visibility-related injuries are not an exception. In relation to road safety, speeding is one of the leading causes of fatal vehicle accidents in Australia. In 2018, about 34% of crashes took place in major cities in the country. At least one out of 10 accidents resulted in deaths.
According to research, poor visibility, along with miscalculation, is a significant reason why collisions happen as drivers reverse their cars. To resolve this issue, many vehicles now come with reverse cameras.
Cyclists are among those who should be wearing high-vis cycling jerseys to increase their safety. However, some refuse to wear fluorescent riding jackets. As a result, the risk of an accident is higher compared to those who choose to wear high-vis while on their bikes.
While there are other reasons for crashes involving cyclists, the number of accidents continues to rise. Every year, over 1,000 individuals are killed due to vehicular accidents and almost 40 people die in Australia while riding their bikes.
Meanwhile, work-related injuries and fatalities are also quite common due to low visibility. Each year, an average of almost 500 workers die, and about 300 lost their lives due to injuries sustained relating to work activities. In 2009, about 100 workers died because of road accidents.
For personnel working along the road, it is vital to be visible during daytime and night-time. Over recent years, requirements relating to wearing fluorescent clothing, as well as reflective materials, have become a part of daily work. Unfortunately, many workers are still neglecting the importance of wearing high-vis garments.
Why High-vis Clothing is Necessary
Motorcyclists, passengers, car and truck drivers are all at risk. Workers and pedestrians are also in danger because accidents can happen at any time, anywhere. It is essential to take precautions while on the road, whether you are at work, driving, or walking.
Work-related fatalities that involved cars resulted in at least 46% of accidents. Apart from that, workers also face threats, such as moving objects hitting them, falling and being injured because of falling objects.
Wearing high-visibility clothing can help lower accidents relating to poor vision. Because of the materials and colours used in these clothing items, drivers can avoid hitting workers while on the road. High visibility clothing is beneficial for everyone, but most notably those in the construction and industrial business.
Each year, there are numerous construction-related deaths. In fact, this industry has one of the highest instances of injuries and fatalities. There are preventative measures that companies implement to increase worker safety, and one of them is wearing high-vis clothing.
Among the greatest threats to worker safety are falls, slips, trips, and the like. These accidents can be mitigated with the garments to some extent. For instance, those who work wearing high-visibility vests can be seen even during rainy or winter season. Also, if there is an emergency, the industrial workers can easily be seen, thanks to their clothing. First responders and rescue personnel can find employees in a crisis.
High-vis Laws in Australia
Australian standards expect and require workers to wear high-vis garments. This way, they will remain visible while on the road or near machinery. Before purchasing and wearing shirts and other apparel, it is significant to understand the requirements under the legislative orders. It will help ensure that business owners know that the gear complies with these standards.
A common misconception is that bright yellow or orange shirt is enough to meet the Australian standards. It is a false belief and should be corrected right away. High-vis gear often looks the same, but it is essential to wear Australian-made clothing that is compliant to the AS/NZS standards.
Australian designed high-vis clothing is created for workers in the country. They are crafted in compliance with certain standards, which are as follows:
1. AS/NZ 4602.1
This standard refers to the garments used for high-risk applications. It states the items that employees can use, so they remain safe from moving equipment and vehicles. In this standard, there are three classes:
 - Class D for daytime use only: Garments in this classification help the wearer be easily seen even under daylight conditions. An example is a navy or yellow polo that does not include a tape. To meet the 4602.1 standards, a Class D compliant garment should be of the approved colour (yellow, red, orange-red, and orange plus yellow), which must enclose the upper torso. The luminous fabric should encircle at least 0.4 square metres of the upper torso. If there is a logo, it should not be more significant than 10cm for both height and width.
 - Class N for night-time use: Garments within this category should be viewable even under retro-reflected light. An example is the headlight of a vehicle. The requirement for Class N is quite lengthy, but the minimum involves having a reflective tape or material that should be at least 50mm wide.
 - Class D/N: This type denotes that the garment can be worn during daytime and night-time. It should meet both standards. An example here is a yellow polo that comes with reflective tape.
2. AS/NZ 1906.4
The second standard involves retro-reflective devices used to control road traffic. It is more in-depth than the other standard since the 1906.4 specifies the physical properties of the materials, along with their photometric and colourimetric qualities. It entails the three different classes below:
 - Class F for fluorescent fabric that can only be used during the day
 - Class R for reflective items that should be used at night
 - Class FR for both day and night-time use
The standard also goes into detail about the impacts of washing, particularly with reflective materials. Businesses and workers should understand that these items can only be washed up to 30 times. Going over means, the item loses its integrity and should no longer be utilised.
How High-vis Gear is Made?
High-visibility clothing is designed using a fluorescent material. It usually comes with reflective tape for extra visibility. In some cases, other shapes are added so the wearer will be more visible to other people around them.
The first fabric paint that was used for high-visibility gear was introduced in the 1930s. It was neon paint that was a mixture of wood varnish and minerals that were illuminating. It became a huge hit and was used in toys and the military sector.
A few decades later, the neon paint was used for clothing for workers. In essence, its purpose was for the sun's ultraviolet rays to hit the fluorescent colours, causing a glowing reaction. Poor light will not hinder the effect, such as during dawn. It is also designed to work at times when the car headlamps hit the clothing.
Many materials are not used to be retro-reflective. The term means that the light returns to its source. For instance, the headlights of the car will bounce back to the driver or the person near the source of light.
It is also possible to find materials made from glass beads. This technology can spread the light, so it scatters from various directions. High-vis clothing can come in different colours, such as blue, green, red, and even pink. For safety purposes, though, the most efficient hues are yellow and orange.
How to Choose the Right High-Vis Gear
High-visibility clothing is not about being fashionable. You can find cheaper versions that can help you save a ton of money. However, they may not help in keeping workers safe. The goal is to prevent accidents, which is why you should not skimp on this type of personal protective equipment (PPE) as with the others.
Always choose a high-vis gear that is made from high-quality materials. Before buying, you should first think about the tasks of the operators who will wear the clothing. Also, it is best to consider the hazards that they will continuously be exposed to.
Hi-vis reflective jacket jackets are not the only option when it comes to reflective clothing. Sometimes, it can be quite warm for a jacket, which is why a vest is a good alternative. Vests that come with insulated lining will help keep the wearers warm without getting hot. At the same time, the gear will maintain their visibility.
Vehicle accidents are a common issue for those who work along the road. However, careless drivers are not the only problem. Remaining visible should not just be a single concern because there are also weather-related threats. Heavy rain and snow, as well as lightning storms, can make the workers' job tricky. Ensure that the workers wear waterproof breathable gear.
It is not necessary, but some companies opt to brand their workwear. It comes with numerous benefits, including ingraining your company's


using the to_json method.
As an example, let's take the randomly-generated DataFrame df from earlier in this section and save it as a JSON file in our local directory:
We'll learn how to work with Excel files - which have the file extension.xlsx - next.
How To Import.xlsx Files Using Pandas
Pandas' read_excel method makes it very easy to import data from an Excel document into a pandas DataFrame:
new_data_frame = pd.read_excel('stock_prices.xlsx')
Unlike the read_csv and read_json methods that we explored earlier in this section, the read_excel method can accept a second argument. The reason why read_excel accepts multiple arguments is that Excel spreadsheets can contain multiple sheets. The second argument specifies which sheet you are trying to import and is called sheet_name.
As an example, if our stock_prices had a second sheet called Sheet2, you would import that sheet to a pandas DataFrame like this:
new_data_frame.to_excel('stock_prices.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet2')
If you do not specify any value for sheet_name, then read_excel will import the first sheet of the Excel spreadsheet by default.
While importing Excel documents, it is very important to note that pandas only imports data. It cannot import other Excel capabilities like formatting, formulas, or macros. Trying to import data from an Excel document that has these features may cause pandas to crash.
How To Export.xlsx Files Using Pandas
Exporting Excel files is very similar to importing Excel files, except we use to_excel instead of read_excel. An example is below using our randomly-generated df DataFrame:
Like read_excel, to_excel accepts a second argument called sheet_name that allows you to specify the name of the sheet that you're saving. For example, we could have named the sheet of the new.xlsx file My New Sheet! by passing it into the to_excel method like this:
df.to_excel('my_new_excel_file.xlsx', sheet_name='My New Sheet!')
If you do not specify a value for sheet_name, then the sheet will be named Sheet1 by default (just like when you create a new Excel document using the actual application).
Remote Data Input and Output (I/O) in Pandas
In the last section of this course, we learned how to import data from.csv,.json, and.xlsx files that were saved on our local computer. We will follow up by showing you how you can import files without actually saving them to your local machine first. This is called remote importing.
What Is Remote Importing and Why Is It Useful?
Remote importing means bringing a file into your Python script without having that file saved on your computer.
On the surface, it may not seem clear why we might want to engage in remote importing. However, it can be very useful.
The reason why remote importing is useful is because, by definition, it means the Python script will continue to function even if the file being imported is not saved on your computer. This means I can send my code to colleagues or friends and it will still function properly.
Throughout the rest of this section, I will demonstrate how to perform remote imports in pandas for.csv,.json, and.xlsx files.
How To Import Remote.csv Files
First, navigate to this course's GitHub Repository. Open up the stock_prices folder. Click on the file stock_prices.csv and then click the button for the Raw file, as shown below.
Raw GitHub File Example
This will take you to a new page that has the data from the.csv file contained within stock_prices.csv.
To import this remote file into your into your Python script, you must first copy its URL to your clipboard. You can do this by either (1) highlighting the entire URL, right-clicking the selected text, and clicking copy, or (2) highlighting the entire URL and typing CTRL+C on your keyboard.
The URL will look like this:
You can pass this URL into the read_csv method to import the dataset into a pandas DataFrame without saving the dataset to your computer first:
How To Import Remote.json Files
We can import remote.json files in a similar fashion to.csv files.
First, grab the raw URL from GitHub. It will look like this:
Next, pass this URL into the read_json method like this:
How To Import Remote.xlsx Files
We can import remote.xlsx files in a similar fashion to.csv and.json files. Note that you will need to click in a slightly different place on the GitHub interface. Specifically, you'll need to right-click 'View Raw' and select 'Copy Link Address,' as shown below.
Raw GitHub File Example
The raw URL will look like this:
Then, pass this URL into the read_excel method, like this:
The Downsides to Remote Importing
Remote importing means that you do not need to first save the file being imported onto your local computer, which is an unquestionable benefit.
However, remote importing also has two downsides:
 1. You must have an Internet connection to perform remote imports
 2. Pinging the URL to retrieve the dataset is fairly time-consuming, which means that performing remote imports will slow the speed of your Python code
Final Thoughts & Special Offer
Thanks for reading this article on Pandas, which is one of my favorite Python packages and a must-know library for every Python developer.
This tutorial is an excerpt from my course Python For Finance and Data Science. If you're interested in learning more core Python skills, the course is 50% off for the first 50 freeCodeCamp readers that sign up - click here to get your discounted course now!


text:
The primary objective of all sampling activities is to characterize a site accurately so that its impact on human health and the environment can be properly evaluated. The secondary objective is to determine the physical properties that are essential to the design of a remediation system. It is only through sampling and analysis that site hazards can be measured and the job of cleanup and restoration can be accomplished effectively with minimal risk. Currently, billions of dollars are being spent on characterizing pollution problems in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Most of these funds are spent drilling wells, collecting samples, and analyzing these samples at laboratories. With increased pressure to characterize sites faster and cheaper, this approach is considered costly and time consuming.
The use of new technologies could result in cost savings and faster characterization of sites. However, barriers do exist to the use of new technologies including lack of investment capital, unwillingness to take risks, difficulties in convincing regulators and potential customers the product can do what it claims, lack of credible performance data, and failure to establish Data Quality Objectives that relate data needs to probable remedies. Currently, there is a lack of relevant, integrated, and easily accessible information on technology description, cost, and performance.
The Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix (Matrix) and accompanying Reference Guide are intended as an initial screening tool to provide users with an introduction to innovative site characterization technologies and to promote the use of potentially cost-effective methods for on-site monitoring and measurement. To be listed on the Matrix, techniques and instruments must be: (1) fieldable, and (2) commercially available. The Reference Guide provides a description and additional background information on each technology. The use of this tool should help identify methods that emphasize the use of non-intrusive or minimally intrusive technologies in order to optimize sampling locations and minimize well installation. When combined with the analytical field instruments listed, the user should be provided with timely and reliable data to guide sampling investigations and minimize costs.
|Previous Page||Sample Access/Collection Matrix||Sample Analysis Matrix||Home||Areas of Interest||Next Page|


Author: Benita Willis | February 7, 2018
 - 0
Last Sunday, the annual Twilight Running Festival saw thousands of eager runners take on the streets of St Lucia. With record numbers and many personal bests being set over the course of the evening, the event was once again a huge success and saw many people already marking their calendars for next year. One of the most enjoyable events of the night was the 1km Active Kids Run, which with over 400 kids competing made it the largest u12 kids event in Australia. With plenty of free kids entertainment such as face painting, obstacle courses and soccer there is no question as to why it is such a popular event for the kids. There was no time for the kids to feel any pre-race nerves or anxiety as they were too busy having fun and experiencing all that the event had to offer. The success of the kids race at the event reflects the philosophy of Intraining, the event organisers, who believe that kids should develop a love of running from a young age by seeing it as a fun and rewarding activity.
So, why is it so important for kids to be introduced to running at a young age? Learning to enjoy keeping active from a young age will set them up for a lifetime of health and happiness, and will ensure that they are always able to experience the benefits that running has to offer. Steve Manning, coach at Intraining, says that through running, "the vast majority of kids will be reaping the physical benefits of a lifetime habit of exercise leading to better health and mortality. The mental benefits of running include better grades due to better cognitive function, less depression and increased resilience. Setting a challenging goal and achieving it after putting in the required workload is a lesson that can be transferred to any area of their lives."
One argument that is often raised against introducing kids to a sport so young is that they may experience burnout and stop enjoying the sport. However, as long as training is kept fun and not too intense for the child then there is no reason why continuing to develop their love for running should lead to burnout. Children should also avoid specialising in one sport as they should be free to try a range of different sports and activities.
Ricky Swindale, Intraining athlete, says that Intraining's philosophy for kids training is "to have a very gradual progression in training intensity and quantity. We tend to do less intensity and focus more on pace judgement sessions. We do not want the kids racing every session as that is the main cause of burnout. Not everyone can be an elite athlete so we make sure that all levels of runners are included and appreciated. It must be the child's decision about how hard or how much they want to run. "
Intraining offers kids running sessions on Mondays and Thursdays, and the sessions are designed to develop the love of running for life and to give kids the foundations of running technique, pace judgement, race strategies and tactics. All sessions involve a warmup, stretching session, running drills and then the running session with a specific type of goal in mind. In order to keep the sessions fun and enjoyable, the session always finishes with a running game such as red rover or tiggy. This is often the kids' favourite part of the session and will keep them eager to come back each week!
As the children get older, Intraining helps them to set staged goals for different races in order to help keep them motivated. "Once the students are at high school, intraining encourages them to transition into the adult running Speed work groups on Tuesdays to give a harder session with a greater range of abilities," says Swindale. "Mixing in with the adults can also develops another level of emotional maturity that is useful for teens."
Interested in taking your kids along to an Intraining session? Follow this link for more information about session times and locations .


RE: [namespaceDocument-8] RDF and RDDL
From: Tim Bray
Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 09:30:41 -0700
Message-Id: <>
To: _EMAIL_
At 01:43 PM 08/04/02 +0100, Williams, Stuart wrote:
>Which links the namespace with an RDF blank node that represents the RDDL
>directory entry. The directory entry carries properties for RDDL purpose,
>prose description and related resource. The nature property is attached to
>the RDF node that represents the related resource.
The point I keep trying to make is that the properties like
"nature", "purpsoe", and "description", are properties of
the related resource, not of the namespace or of the RDDL
or of the directory entry. T
>One of the things that does concern me a bit is the conflation of the
>namespace and the namespace document under a single URI.
No matter how hard I try I can't get worried. A namespace
name names a namespace. It can be used to retrieve a directory
which contains pointers to resources related to that namespace,
and descriptions of those related resources. Those resources
can include human-readable descriptive text, and can optionally
be located right there in the directory.
>We are now left with the question of whether _URL_
>names a type of XML element or whether it identifies a fragment within a
>RDDL document.
The interpretation of '_TAG_' is different depending on whether
it's pointing into an XHTML file (whether it's a RDDL or not) or
an RDF schema or whatever. I don't think there's room for
>This is of course just a variant of whether _URL_ names a
>namespace or a namespace document.
It names a namespace. That's not in question. If dereferencing
the resource returns a namespace document, that's a good and
useful optional extra. -Tim
Received on Monday, 8 April 2002 12:30:51 GMT


Dry cleaning
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Dry cleaning (or dry-cleaning) is any cleaning process for clothing and textiles using a chemical solvent (a chemical that can dissolve certain compounds) rather than water. The solvent used is usually tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene). The solvent is called "perc" in the industry and "dry-cleaning fluid" by the public. It is often used instead of hand washing delicate fabrics. People use dry cleaning because it takes less work than hand washing.
History[change | change source]
Pompeii - Fullonica of Veranius Hypsaeus. Employees of a fullonica and a customer (l), with garments hanging overhead
The ancient Romans used a chemical called ammonia (derived from urine) and fuller's earth (a clay that can absorb grease and oil.) to clean their woolen togas. Fullonicae were very famous, with at least one in every town of any notability, and frequently the largest employer in a district. These laundries got their urine from farm animals, or from special pots situated at public bathrooms. The workforce made so much money that fuller's guilds (a group that works in solely one job, in this case, making fuller's earth, this special clay.) were an important political force. Also, the government taxed the collection of urine and sent people to jail for wetting their pants.[1]
Modern dry cleaning uses solvents that do not use water to remove dirt and stains from clothing. Jean Baptiste Jolly discovered that petroleum-based solvents (chemicals based on fuel like gasoline or kerosene.) can be used for dry-cleaning in the mid-19th century. Jolly was a French dye-works owner. He noticed that his tablecloth became cleaner after his maid spilled kerosene on it. Because of this, he developed a service cleaning people's clothes this way, which became known as "nettoyage à sec," or "dry cleaning".[2]
Early dry cleaners used petroleum-based solvents, such as gasoline (petrol) and kerosene. Fire concerns led William Joseph Stoddard, a dry cleaner from Atlanta, to develop Stoddard solvent as a slightly less flammable alternative to gasoline-based solvents. The government started to control dry cleaners because the highly flammable petroleum solvents caused many fires and explosions.
After World War I, dry cleaners began using chlorinated solvents. These solvents were much less flammable than petroleum solvents and had improved cleaning power. By the mid-1930s, the dry cleaning industry had adopted tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), widely called "perc," as the best solvent. It has excellent cleaning power and is stable, nonflammable, and gentle to most clothing. However, perc was also the first chemical to be classified as a carcinogen (a chemical that can cause cancer.) by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (a classification later withdrawn). In 1993, the California Air Resources Board adopted regulations to reduce perc emissions from dry cleaning operations. The dry cleaning industry is in the process of replacing perc with other chemicals and/or methods.
Traditionally, the actual cleaning process was carried out at centralized "factories"; high street cleaners shops received garments from customers, sent them to the factory, and then had them returned to the shop, where the customer could collect them. This was due mainly to the risk of fire or dangerous fumes created by the cleaning process. At this time, dry-cleaning was carried out in two different machines — one for the cleaning process itself and the second to dry the clothing.
Machines of this era were called vented; their fumes and drying exhausts were sent into the air, in the same way as with modern tumble dryer exhausts. This added to environmental contamination. Also much potentially reusable perc was lost to the atmosphere. Much stricter controls on solvent emissions have ensured that all dry cleaning machines in the western world are now fully enclosed. No solvent fumes are vented to the atmosphere. In enclosed machines, solvent recovered during the drying process is returned condensed and distilled. So, it can be reused to clean further loads, or safely thrown away. The majority of modern enclosed machines also incorporate a computer-controlled drying sensor, which automatically feels when most traces of perc have been removed from the load during the drying process. This system ensures that only the smallest amount of perc fumes will be released when opening the door at the end of the cycle.
Process[change | change source]
modern dry cleaning machine with touchscreen and easy interface
Modern dry clean machine
A dry-cleaning machine is similar to a combination of a domestic washing machine, and clothes dryer. Garments are placed into a washing/extraction chamber (referred to as the basket, or drum). The chamber is the core of the machine. The washing chamber contains a horizontal, perforated drum that rotates within an outer shell. The shell holds the solvent while the rotating drum holds the clothing. The basket can hold between about 10 and 40 kg (20 to 80 lb).
During the wash cycle, the chamber is filled approximately one-third full of solvent and begins to rotate, agitating the clothing. The solvent temperature is maintained at 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), as a higher temperature may damage it. During the wash cycle, the solvent in the chamber is filtered and then fed back into the chamber. This is known as the cycle and is continued for the wash duration. The solvent is then removed and sent to a distillation unit that has both a boiler and condenser. The condensed solvent is fed into a separator unit where any remaining water is separated from the solvent and then fed into the 'clean solvent' tank. The ideal flow rate is one gallon of solvent per pound of garments (roughly 8 litres of solvent per kilogram of clothing) per minute, depending on the size of the machine.
Operators also check clothing for foreign objects before placing them into the machine. Items such as plastic pens will dissolve in the solvent bath and may damage textiles beyond recovery. Some textile dyes are "loose" (red being the main problem), and will release dye during solvent immersion. Operators will dry clean red clothing separately from lighter-color textiles to avoid color transfer. The solvent used must be distilled to remove impurities that may transfer to clothing. Operators checked clothing for dry-cleaning compatibility, including fasteners. Many fasteners that decorate clothing either are not dry cleaning solvent proof or will not withstand the mechanical action of cleaning. Operators will remove them and restitched them after the cleaning. Or, operators will wrap them in a small padded protector. Fragile items, such as feather bedspreads or tasseled rugs or hangings, may be enclosed in a loose mesh bag. The density of perchloroethylene is around 1.7 g/cm³ at room temperature (70% heavier than water), and the sheer weight of absorbed solvent may cause the textile to fail under normal force during the extraction cycle unless the mesh bag provides mechanical support.
Many people believe that all marks or stains can be removed by dry cleaning. Not every stain can be cleaned just by dry cleaning. Some need to be treated with spotting solvents; sometimes by steam jet or by soaking in special stain remover liquids before garments are washed or dry cleaned. Also, garments stored in soiled condition for a long time are difficult to bring back to their original color and texture. Natural fibers such as wool, cotton, and silk of lighter colors should not be left in dirty or soiled condition for long amounts of time as they absorb dirt in their texture and are unlikely to be restored to their original color and finish.
The main reason that washing in water has a different result than dry cleaning is that water is a polar solvent while dry cleaning uses a non-polar solvent.
A typical wash cycle lasts for 8–15 minutes depending on the type of garments and degree of soiling. During the first three minutes, solvent-soluble soils dissolve into the perchloroethylene and loose, insoluble soil comes off. It takes approximately ten to twelve minutes after the loose soil has come off to remove the ground-in insoluble soil from garments. Machines using hydrocarbon solvents require a wash cycle of at least 25 minutes because of the much slower rate of solvation of solvent-soluble soils. A dry-cleaning surfactant "soap" may also be added.
After the rinse cycle, the machine begins the extraction process, which recovers dry-cleaning solvent for reuse. Modern machines recover approximately 99.99% of the solvent that was used. The extraction cycle begins by draining the solvent from the washing chamber and accelerating the basket to 350 to 450 rpm, causing much of the solvent to spin free of the fabric. Until this time the cleaning is done in normal temperature, the solvent is never heated in dry cleaning process. When no more solvent can be spun out, the machine starts the drying cycle.
After the drying cycle is complete, a deodorizing (aeration) cycle cools the garments and removes even more of the solvent, by circulating cool outside air over the garments and then through a vapor recovery filter made from activated carbon and polymer resins. After the aeration cycle, the garments are clean and ready for pressing/finishing.
In fact, dry cleaning does not remove all of the solvent. There are no government standards for how much solvent is allowed to remain in the fabric.[3] Detectable amounts of the solvent remain in clothes, with wool clothes retaining the most solvent.[3]
Solvent processing[change | change source]
Working solvent from the washing chamber passes through several filtration steps before it is returned to the washing chamber. The first step is a button trap,


text: The System Sensor® 5600 Series mechanical heat detectors offer a low-cost solution for property protection against fire and protection in conditions where the non-life safety installations may not require smoke detectors. The 5600 Series offers both single and dual circuit models. Each model is available with low or high temperature ratings, and fixed temperature or rate-of-rise activation. The rate-of-rise element is restorable to accommodate field testing of the unit. The detectors mount readily on single gang or octagonal backboxes. They can also mount on a four inch (10.16 cm) square box with the support of a square to round plaster ring. The mounting bracket is reversible to allow for flush and surface mount installations. The 5600 units provide clear markings readily visible on the unit to ensure the proper application. Alphanumeric characters identify the type of detector and temperature rating, both in Fahrenheit and Celsius. Fixed temperature models are labeled "FX," while the combination units are marked "FX/ROR". The detector also features a positive indication of actuation of the fixed temperature portion. The collector disc drops from the unit making it readily identifiable.


Mayford Heritage Pond
Pictures of the pond's reconstruction
Saturday 27th September, 1997
The original pond had completely disappeared, so work had to start by creating a hollow for the new pond. The picture shows the excavator which was used to create a rough hollow. This was then shaped with the help of many volunteers to form a smooth depression with a central deeper area.
Sunday 28th September, 1997
The work of the excavator has been completed and the team of volunteers is shaping the pond hollow ready for the lining to be installed. There is a deeper area in the middle of the pond (6ft deep when full) that will continue to hold water during periods of drought.
Sunday 28th September, 1997
At this stage the soil in the pond's base had been hand-picked to remove any stones that could puncture the lining. The pile of soil in the background is the spoil from the sieving.
Sunday 12th October, 1997
Here you can see a part of the grey hessian sheeting used to cover the butyl liner for extra protection. On top of this, a layer of sieved soil and then a layer of sand was put down for plants to set root in. The layer of sand was used to stop the soil being washed away when it was originally filled with water.
Wednesday 22nd October, 1997
The pond soon after being initially filled with water.
Saturday 25th October, 1997
Volunteers are landscaping the pond's surrounds, using the spoil of excess soil and stones from the sieving process. This was used to create small mounds around the back and front areas, which were to become part of the wildlife-rich grassland.
Sunday 26th October, 1997
Finally some turf was laid over the edges of the pond and some plants were planted in and around the pond.
Monday 10th November, 1997
This is the day of the grand opening. Here several of the team were helping to prepare for this event.
Monday 10th November, 1997
Councillor Rosie Sharpley congratulated the villagers on their restored pond.
Monday 10th November, 1997
After the formal opening, there was a champagne reception to celebrate the successful completion of this phase of the project.


text:
Read KidsOhio's new analysis, Columbus City Schools' Hispanic Population Increased over 20 Percent in Five School Years. Here's what you'll learn about Columbus City Schools' Hispanic population from this four-page brief:
- Historical enrollment by grade level
- Enrollment compared to the 15 other Franklin County school districts
- Students' poverty, limited English proficiency and mobility rates
- Students' math and reading proficiency compared to the district as a whole
- Students' graduation rate compared to other ethnic subgroups and the district as a whole
You will also learn about the top ten non-English, home languages spoken by Columbus City Schools students. In total, there are 79 languages spoken.


text:
Martler was the leader of a group of Martians in the Earth-Two universe called Solazis who admired and emulated Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. The Solazis abducted famed actor/writer/director Orson Welles from Earth to be their propaganda minister during their planned invasion of Earth. Welles was chosen for this role because of his legendary 1938 radio dramatization of The War of the Worlds which was mistaken by some to be a news broadcast and which caused a breakout of panic. Welles used radio equipment to attempt to warn Earth's people of Martler's planned attack, but was not believed by most because of his earlier "hoax". Superman, however, did believe Welles and travelled to Mars and foiled the Solazis' plot. Superman and Welles left Martler stranded on an uninhabited asteroid to live out the rest of his days.
- This version of Martler, including all history and corresponding appearances, was erased from existence following the collapse of the original Multiverse in the 1985–86 Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series. Even though versions of the character may have since appeared, this information does not apply to those versions.
- 1 Appearances of Martler (Earth-Two)
- 2 Images featuring Martler (Earth-Two)
- Quotations by or about Martler (Earth-Two)
- Character Gallery: Martler (Earth-Two)
- Orson Welles at Wikipedia.org
- War of the Worlds (radio drama) at Wikipedia.org
- Internet Archive: War of the Worlds
|Superman Villain(s) |
This character is or was primarily an enemy of Superman in any of his various incarnations, or members of the Superman Family. This template will categorize articles that include it into the "Superman Villains category."


Using old HDD motors
Hard drives have high-speed low-profile motors that can be re-used. More often than not it's the logic board that fails in a hard drive and the motors are OK
This is a simple program for a PIC16F84 that changes the bit pattern for switching the FET coil drivers. The most important part of this program is the table of values stored in the EEPROM, because this pattern sets the phase relationships between the FETs and consequently the voltage waveforms that the coils see. The oscillator speed of the PIC is not important in this particular program as the changes are being instigated by an external clock.
The motor needs to be started at a low speed (less than about 6 revs/second) and slowly accelerated to the final required speed. You can hear this acceleration as a rising whine in a working drive in a PC when it powers up after being shut down. If the final speed is always to be the same then a routine could be written in the micro that slowly decreases the interruption of a timer loop to accelerate the motor from low power-up speed to final speed.
Hard drives with this motor usually run at 3000rpm (50 revs/second) when working in a PC, but the speed can be set anywhere from a few revs/sec up to about 55 rps, at which point the motor will not be able to keep up with the driving wave and stop. At 12V the torque is not too bad, and the bolt holes that are used to attach the platters can be used to fix a pulley or gear wheel for a step-down motion drive. Other uses could be spinning a propellor clock, fan, or sensor. At 5V supply the motor will still spin at the same speed as it would at 12V (because it's being driven by a frequency) but has very low torque. It will not self-start at 5V. Current consumptions are ;
12V 10rps ( 600rpm) 200mA
12V 50rps (3000rpm) 110mA
 5V 10rps ( 600rpm) 40mA
 5V 50rps (3000rpm) 20mA
The motor should be mounted on a heatsinking chassis to help keep it cool if run for extended periods. The FETs (rated at 0.7A to 1.1A) will normally run cool
Download HDD motor driver
Typical HDD motor (Shinano Tokki Corp or Sankyo from a Conner CP3010)
;hddmotor.asm - driver for 3-coil HDD motor
;Look for external clock on a3 and change FET-driving bit pattern
clock equ porta.3 ;i/p clock
;EEPROM bit patterns
ee1 dbee 24h ;100 100
ee2 dbee 36h ;110 110
ee3 dbee 12h ;010 010
ee4 dbee 1bh ;011 011
ee5 dbee 09h ;001 001
ee6 dbee 2dh ;101 101
index rb ;RAM byte for counter
movlw 08h
tris porta
movlw 00h
tris portb
movlw 80h
clrf index
movlw 24h
movwf portb
clocklo ;main loop
btfss clock ;wait for ext clock to go high
goto clocklo
change ;
movf index,w ;get next bit pattern from EE
movwf eeadr
call readee
movwf portb
incf index,f
movlw 06 ;loop for 6 EE locations
xorwf index,w
btfss zero
goto clockhi
clrf index
clockhi ;
btfsc clock ;wait for clock low
goto clockhi
goto clocklo ;next clock, next pattern
readee ;get next pattern
bsf rp0
bsf rd
bcf rp0
movf eedata,w
Other useful bits in hard drives
One of the things disks can be used for is making wind chimes. Below is a picture of some in my stash recovered from various drives. From top to bottom in the pile are 65mm, 95mm and 130mm disks. Under that is a picture of the two types of finishes. On the left is the older red copper and on the right is the newer bronze, which can be anything from light smokey brown to almost black. Both are very smooth and reflective. The bronze ones tend to be thinner and so have a better ring, whereas the red copper ones have more of a clungy bell sound. The best way to hang either is to have minimal contact by forming a wire "V" for the disk to sit in. The "V" has a flat at the bottom of it at least as wide as the thickness of the disk. Doing this allows the disk to vibrate freely, more so for a disk that's suspended close to the centre hole. Either 4, 5 or 6 disks can be hung from threads or wires (shown here using some enamelled wire scavenged from an old TV choke) and allowed to swing into each other, or the disks can be hit by a centre clanger. Or both if you want a lot of noise (personally I like my peace and quiet and generally make them only for people who don't live near me!!)


text:
Step 2: Teach Lesson
Start by asking the student: "Do you like insects?" "What is your favorite insect?" Write on board a list of a few insects and how
many legs the insect has.
Today, we are going to learn how to take "data" and put it into a bar graph.
Using data from the introduction, show the students how you would put that information into a bar graph. Introduce the parts of the
bar graph: title and measurements
Show students how to draw the lines on the graph paper. Input "Name of Insect and number of legs" data
Have the student create their own bar graph with the bag of plastic insects: give the students graph paper and tell them they will now
assemble their own bar graph, they will have to collect the data by using the bugs in their bags, then fill in their graph with the data
they collect. (Examples of data collected: same type of insect, number of legs, eyes, wings, size, etc.)
What did you learn today? What did you like about today's activity? How can we make it better next time?
Step 3: Complete the worksheet attached below.
Worksheet for extra practice with answer key
Step 4: Review. Start the next lesson with the game or activity attached below for review so the student can demonstrate
understanding of this lesson before moving forward.
Insect Tally (offline) worksheetIntroducing tally marks in a bar graph