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Green Building News January 2001
January 18, 2001
Wood removed from older buildings could provide as much as a quarter of the lumber needed for housing construction for the next 50 years, while putting a hefty dent in the amount of demolition waste that goes into landfills each year, according to a University of Florida study.
Lucy Acquaye, a graduate student in building construction who did the research for her masters thesis, said that in Florida, the construction industry contributes 23 percent of all municipal solid waste, and of that, 92 percent comes from the renovation and demolition of old structures. Of the 280 Florida landfills identified by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1994, about 40 percent were lost to regulations and population growth by 1998.
"As Floridas population continues to rise and land continues to be in demand, the regulations will continue to increase," Acquaye said. "Deconstruction reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills and prolongs landfill lives."
Acquaye studied wood from three houses in Gainesville. Built between 1900 and 1950 of Southern pine, the houses were taken apart using different techniques, from total demolition to careful deconstruction, where the focus was on salvaging as much usable material as possible. She said the contractor actually made a profit on the deconstructed house because he was able to sell much of the buildings materials.
"Instead of demolishing houses, there is the potential for creating many new businesses," said Charles Kibert, director of the Rinker School of Building Construction at UF. You have to take the building apart, extract the materials, resell them, move them from point A to point B and maybe even do some remanufacturing and clean up. We think it could generate a lot of new economic activity, and youd have 10 times as many jobs compared to simply landfilling construction waste."
Acquaye measured the quality of the salvaged wood and found its strength was comparable to that of new lumber. She also found that the old wood was 50 percent more dense because it was from an old-growth forest, while new lumber usually comes from younger trees.
"The old lumber is of a quality you cant find in the virgin lumber being produced today," Acquaye said.
She said salvaged lumber has potential use as studs and other structural parts of new buildings, but some obstacles must be overcome before that can happen. For one thing, no standard grading system is in place for used wood like the one used for virgin lumber.
"When you get lumber from a particular building, you have some different characteristics. We have to get a lot of lumber tested before were going to come up with grading rules," Acquaye said. "But what I found is this lumber has potential use."
Kibert agreed that lack of a grading system is an obstacle. But he added that wood is one of the most reusable building materials, and a high demand for it already exists in the do-it-yourself market. If nothing else, he said, used wood should be recycled into chipboard, mulch or fertilizer.
Businesses can no longer afford to treat energy as an "unmanageable" expense according to an article by Jerry Burin that appeared in the December issue of Building Operating Management. No matter what the business goal, whether it is to pursue cost-effective operations, overcome capital constraints, improve profit margins, benchmark with peers or enhance asset value, building operators should unlock the strategic business opportunity offered by energy efficient technologies. This is especially true in light of utility deregulation and recent energy price increases.
In the new paradigm, business managers must understand the changes in energy regulation, the role of local utilities, the options offered by energy service companies and the advances in energy efficient technologies. Benchmark measurements of energy consumption for each facility are essential for developing a management strategy. The next step is an energy audit to identify energy uses and improvement options. Operation and maintenance costs need to be included in the analysis.
Building owners have been reluctant to make energy efficiency investments when tenants pay the bill. But Burin points out that improvements create value for owners:
"An energy strategy helps create value in investment property. Reviewing an investment acquisition for value-enhancing opportunities can mean more than just enhancing the propertys rent roll with market rate rents. Identifying and then trimming the fat off an energy hog reduces tenants operating expenses, thereby making the propertys cost of occupancy more competitive or allowing for the replacement of reduced operating expenses with additional net rent. Recently, when the energy cost of an investors newly acquired gross-leased building was lowered from $3 to $2 per square foot, $1 million was added to the value of the 108,000-square-foot property."
For the full article see With Energy, Costs Equal Opportunity, Building Operating Mangement Online, Decemeber 2000
Shea Homes, Inc. and AstroPower, Inc. jointly announced that they have signed an agreement to make solar power a standard feature in new Shea communities. The partnership kicks off with the construction of 100 solar powered homes in San Diego this year. The companies have a goal to build a total of 200 solar powered homes in the next 18 months, as new development phases roll out.
"It's been a long-term goal of our industry in the U.S. to have solar electric home power systems become a standard feature in new home construction," said Howard Wenger, North American Business Director for AstroPower. "That's what makes our partnership with Shea Homes so significant. Shea Homes has recognized the value of solar technology as a standard feature."
As the 10th largest builder in the U.S., Shea Homes constructed 5000 homes in 1999, generating $1.6 billion in gross revenues. The San Diego division of Shea Homes will feature solar technology in their newest community, located in Scripps Highlands. Fifteen miles north of downtown San Diego, these new homes will incorporate the latest in solar power and energy efficiency technology, enabling homeowners to reduce their utility bills by 50 percent or more over a conventionally-built home.
"We're doing this to enable our customers to take control of their energy bills. We want to build a more efficient home, allow our customers to generate their own electricity, and deliver it for an affordable price," said Ryan Green, Community Development Manager for Shea. "The homes in Scripps Highlands are 40 percent more efficient than the strict California energy efficiency standards. This delivers added comfort and value for new Shea homebuyers."
AstroPower's Howard Wenger noted that "San Diego is the epicenter of California's power crisis, where electric rates and bills have doubled and threats of power outages have become common. Our SunChoice solar home power systems produce pollution-free electricity, spin the utility meter backward to lower bills, and can also provide power to the home during power outages. It's a perfect match."
"Our systems are designed to integrate seamlessly with a builder's construction schedule. That's what is so exciting about working with Shea Homes. Together, we're able to realize terrific cost economies by integrating partners," said Bob Ruggio, Residential Sales Manager for AstroPower. "That translates to excellent pricing for the consumer, made especially affordable by wrapping the system cost right into the home mortgage. The end result is the highest quality installation at the lowest possible delivered price." AstroPower's SunChoice(TM) program is a national effort to make solar power affordable and easy to obtain. The company maintains a network of authorized resellers and installers, offering solar technology to the residential new home market, as well as to existing homeowners and businesses.
Designer Michael Borden is bringing the spiritual principles of Vastu Vedic Architecture to his practice in the American Midwest. He introduces the concept in a new addition to the Oikos Library called Vastu Vedic Architecture. At the core of the practice is a design pattern called the "Vaastu Purusha Mandala." Borden says that those occupying a building based on this pattern "experience growth of life, love, energy, and spiritual bliss."
The nation's straining electrical generation system can be enhanced by moving away from an historic reliance on "mega" power plants and toward a network of dispersed, smaller-scale generation facilities. That concept, known as "distributed power," will be advanced by a newly established research center at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
The Distributed Energy Resources Center at NREL will conduct research and provide information needed to efficiently develop additional power supplies from relatively small, decentralized generating units, ideally operated at or near the commercial and residential sites they serve. This involves both interconnectivity systems that enable electricity produced by a variety of sources to flow onto the grid and specialized technologies for producing the new power itself.
Electrical generation technologies that are well suited for the emerging distributed power market include small natural gas turbines, as well as those that tap into renewable energy sources such as the sun, wind and biomass.
The center, with a budget of approximately $10 million for fiscal year 2001, is organized around three units: Resource and Environmental Evaluation, Distributed Power Systems Integration, and Hydrogen and Natural Gas Systems.
Resource and Environmental Evaluation will develop methods for analyzing environmental impacts and site requirements for locating distributed power systems. This will include mapping pertinent regions for their sun, wind or biomass production potential, as well as for wildlife and other environmental considerations. NREL's Tom Stoffel was named the center's acting manager for Resource and Environmental Evaluation.
A primary role of the testing facility will be to help develop universal standards to assure the performance and safety of distributed power equipment. That effort is critical because different electrical generation technologies produce power with widely varying characteristics. The data produced by the center will be used by standards-writing bodies to develop consensus test standards and by independent organizations to formally certify distributed power equipment


Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum in Berlin, Germany - get details, & find more attractions to visit nearby
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Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Botanical Gardens
About Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
The complex consists of several buildings and glass-houses which features a collection of orchids, carnivorous plants and giant white water lily. The best-known part of the garden is the Great Pavilion (Großes Tropenhaus). The temperature inside is maintained at 30 °C and air humidity is kept high. Among the many tropical plants it hosts a giant bamboo.
Attractions near Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Zoo Berlin6.34km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Oldest and best-known zoo in Germany. It covers 35 hectares (86.5 acres) and has about 1,380 different species and over 20,200 animals, presenting one of the most comprehensive collections of species in the world. It is the most-visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. Regular animal feedings are among its most famous attractions.
German Museum of Technology6.95km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Exhibits a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The museum's main emphasis originally was on rail transport, but today it also features exhibits of various sorts of industrial technology including maritime and aviation exhibition halls.
Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin7.2km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Neue Nationalgalerie is a museum of modern art, with a focus on art from early 20th century. The museum owns masterpeices from artists like Pablo Picasso, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Joan Miró, Wassily Kandinsky and Barnett Newman. Despite the large size of the museum, the exhibits are rotated at intervals as the collection of artworks at the museum is very large.
Gemäldegalerie7.32km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums is displayed. It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.
Victory Column7.34km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Designed after 1864 to commemorate the Prussian victory in the Danish-Prussian War. When it was inaugurated on 2 September 1873, Prussia had also defeated Austria and its German allies in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), giving the statue a new purpose. These later victories inspired the addition of the bronze sculpture of Victoria, 8.3 metres (27 ft) high and weighing 35 tonnes.
Berlin Story Bunker7.4km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Housed inside a 6,500-square-metre WWII bunker, the museum recreates the history of Berlin and some of the most infamous events in German history. The exhibition showcases the sequence of events leading up to Hitler's suicide in 1945, and it has a reconstruction of Hitler's personal study.
Where is Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Discover more attractions in Berlin, where Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum is located
Berlin33 attractions
Capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and sciences, and its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues.


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As part of Harvey Mudd College's summer undergraduate research program, Julien Devin '12 and Robert Kealhofer '13 are exploring novel ways to encode information for secure communication using the quantum physics of light. With the help of their adviser, Assistant Professor of Physics Theresa Lynn, they are focusing their research on detecting and measuring the orbital angular momentum of quantum-mechanically entangled photons, so that they can encode information in that property of photons for future communication experiments.
By minutely adjusting the path of infrared laser beams through special holograms, in total darkness, they can control and analyze varying degrees of orbital angular momentum of photons.
"Entangled photons carry information in the way their states are correlated with each other. It's secure because if someone spies on a quantum cryptography channel the people that are communicating can detect it so they can cancel their communication if they know someone is spying." --- Julien Devin '12
"Working in a lab is very different because you don't have well defined problems, you aren't sure if you even have the tools to solve them. But you have to try and solve them anyway. It's exciting!" --- Robert Kealhofer '13

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
The objective of the pipeline is to develop opportunities for Native American students to participate in geoscience-related education and research. The "pipeline" has three components:
1) An education and research enrichment program for 7-12th grade Native American students which integrates indigenous knowledge into the geosciences as well as a research experience for teachers (RET).
2) An introductory undergraduate geoscience course which integrates indigenous knowledge into the geosciences, uses Native American Art as a vehicle of learning, and acknowledges the learning styles of Native American students.
3) A program to provide research internship opportunities for Native American students.


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The Churchs practice of not ordaining women as priests was
based on a three-fold prejudice against women. This affected the judgment of
Church leaders. click!
2. One priesthood in
Through baptism women and men share equally in the new priesthood of
This includes openness to Holy Orders.
3. Empowered to
At the Last Supper Jesus empowered both women and men. Both can be
ordained to preside at the Eucharist. click!
4. Women have been
Until at least the ninth century the Church gave women the full
sacramental ordination of deacons. This proves women can be
5. The ability for women to
be ordained has been present in the Churchs latent
One example is the age-long devotion to Mary as Priest. It shows
that, according to the sense of the faithful, in Mary the ban
against women has already been overcome. click!
6. The wider Church accepts
After serious study and prayer other Christian Churches now ordain
women as priests. Though not everything other Churches do can be accepted by
the Catholic Church, this converging consensus by believing Christians confirms
that ordaining women is according to the mind of Christ. click!
7. Women too are, in fact,
called to be priests
The fact that many responsible Catholic women discern in themselves a
vocation to the priesthood is a sign of the Holy Spirit we may not ignore.
Conclusion: there are no
valid arguments against women priests, and many truly Catholic
arguments in favour!


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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Teenagers who have irregular periods are more likely to be overweight and obese and to have early warning signs of diabetes and heart disease than those with regular menstrual cycles, suggests a new study.
While the link between irregular periods and heart disease and diabetes is well established in older women, the new finding suggests that doctors might be able to identify this risk much earlier -- and try to do something about it.
"There may be a misconception in adolescent medicine... that 'it takes a couple of years after menarche to get the engine running' and hence one might not want to be concerned about irregular adolescent menstrual cycles until much later," said Dr. Charles Glueck, one of the study's authors from the Cholesterol and Metabolism Center at the Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati.
"That's clearly wrong."
Even in young teenagers, very irregular menstrual cycles are not normal, Glueck told Reuters Health, and shouldn't be ignored.
He and his colleagues followed 370 girls starting at age 14 as part of a larger study initiated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Once every year, girls were asked how long it had been since their last menstrual cycle. Researchers also periodically measured their levels of different sex hormones, glucose and insulin (markers of diabetes risk) and blood pressure.
They also collected information on girls' height, weight, and waist circumference.
The authors defined irregular menstrual cycles as lasting more than 42 days -- that is, the girl's period begins more than 42 days after the first day of the last one -- a criterion that's meant to catch the 2 percent of girls with the least regular periods, Glueck explained.
Between age 14 and 19, 269 of the girls reported regular periods at every annual visit. Another 74 of them had only one report of an irregular period, 19 girls had two reports, and eight said it had been at least 42 days since their last period at three or more visits.
The results, published in Fertility and Sterility, show that girls with the most reports of irregular periods were already heavier than others at age 14, and gained more weight and inches on their waist during the study.
Also at age 14, girls with more irregular periods had higher levels of testosterone -- a sex hormone associated with male characteristics.
By age 25, those who hadn't reported an irregular period had an average body mass index, or BMI, of 26.8 -- considered slightly overweight. In comparison, participants who had reported irregular periods at three or more appointments had an average BMI of 37.8, indicating severe obesity. Girls who reported one or two irregular periods had BMIs somewhere in the middle.
Reports of irregular periods were also linked to higher levels of blood sugar and insulin at age 25.
The authors couldn't be sure what was happening with girls' menstrual cycles during the rest of each year. Also, the findings do not prove that irregular periods cause girls to gain weight or are responsible for the increases in glucose and insulin levels - rather, the irregularity could be a signal of some other problem.
One possibility is that the ovaries might respond to changes in metabolism -- such as increased insulin levels, said Dr. Alice Chang, an endocrinologist at UT Southwestern Medical Center. That would suggest some of the diabetes-related risks came before problems with ovulation.
What the study results do show is that irregular menstrual cycles might be a warning that the body's metabolism isn't working as well as it should.
"These relationships which we see so clearly in adolescence and see prospectively into young adulthood are the same relationships which two to three decades later spell out in the development of cardiovascular disease, (heart attack), and type II diabetes," Glueck said.
Irregular periods might be a sign of polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS -- a hormonal disorder that's also linked to infertility and obesity -- Glueck added. Catching it in adolescence means the condition can be "very successfully treated" -- another reason for doctors to pay attention to irregular periods early.
Chang, who was not involved in the new research, agreed that the implications for PCOS are an important message to take from the study.
"When I see women diagnosed with PCOS, they often have symptoms all throughout adolescence, but it's not put together for them," she told Reuters Health. "We need to be more aggressive in adolescents about treating PCOS and treating obesity."
Glueck said that girls with irregular menstrual cycles should "raise flags" for doctors, who can also step in with early prevention measures against diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.
SOURCE: _URL_ Fertility and Sterility, online May 7, 2011.
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Secret Weapon: How AI Will Help America Win a War in Space
November 29, 2019 Topic: Technology Region: Space Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: SpaceSpace ForceAIASATAnti-Satellite MissileSatellites
The secret to protecting satellites?
Hardening satellites will involve developing methods of allowing them to operate in an environment where there might be cyber and electronic warfare attacks This is an area, Bogdan explained, where AI and Modzy can make a difference; once algorithms are able to recognize and assimilate new anomalies and patterns of cyberattack, they are integrated by Machine Learning programs, therefore quickly expanding the extent of detectable cyberattacks.
"If you create a good enough set of databases where cyberthreats are, you can train your system to relate them to something in the past and build up knowledge of what cyber threats look like," Bogdan said.
Additional options now in the earlier stages of technical and conceptual development include the creation of "smart satellites." These would be integrated, AI-enabled satellite systems with on-board hardware and software such that real-time analytics and fast problem solving could be done in space -- before being sent to ground commanders.
"This will involve putting AI-enabled analytics in satellites themselves. You won't need as many communications pipes. It would be somewhat similar to F-35 sensor fusion," Bogdan explained. (Bogdan previously served as the Program Executive Officer for the Pentagon's F-35 program)
This article by Kris Osborn originally appeared in WarriorMaven in 2019.
Image: Reuters


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Known locally as gwal-y-filiast – kennel of the greyhound bitch - this single stone chamber is all that remains of a once much larger burial monument. The name may come from a variant of the Arthurian legend of Culhwch and Olwen, which appears in two fourteenth-century Welsh texts, but the site itself is very much older dating from the Neolithic period, some 5,000 to 6,000 years ago.
St Lythans is a type of monument known as a chambered long cairn and was originally covered by an earthen mound, probably similar to that found at its close neighbour, Tinkinswood. Although the stone chamber is conspicuous as you approach it from the road, the remains of the cairn – or mound – are barely discernible. It seems to have been about 24 metres (80 feet) long and 11 metres (35 feet) wide with the chamber occupying the eastern end. The chamber now consists of three upright stones with a capstone weighing up to 35 tonnes. How long it was used and who was buried here are questions that remain unanswered but finds of human remains and pottery recovered from the site some time before 1875 were recorded by the antiquarian, J. W. Lukis.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Print on demand and save
Digital printing is the ideal printing medium to enable you to 'print on demand'. Because you can economically print very small quantities — just one if you want — you only ever need to print what you need.
If you adopt the traditional approach where your print run is determined as much by supposed 'economies of scale' rather than what you really need, there will be a number of 'hidden' costs which you might not have considered. For instance, you will almost certainly have obsolete stock taking up valuable storage space. The obsolete stock will eventually have to be disposed of, and you may have been providing out of date information as your large print run came to the end of its life with the result that you were perhaps missing out on sales. You may be incurring warehousing costs and additional staff costs. You may even have a stock control module on your MIS system that you don't really need. You may have capital tied up in dead stock.
Print on demand could also be called
- just in time printing,
- just at the right time printing,
- just the right amount printing,
- print when you need it printing,
- no surplus stock printing,
- sell first then print printing,
- no superseded stock printing,
- no need to warehouse printing,
- keep your money in the bank and not on the shelf printing, and
- only the most up-to-date printed matter printing.
In today's rapidly changing business environment, it makes sense to stay as close as you can to the market.
- If there is a change in the law, your printed materials should reflect that change.
- If there is an improvement to the specifications in of your machinery, your publicity material should immediately incorporate that information.
- If you delete products from your range, or add new products, those changes should be reflected immediately in your sales collateral.
- If you print smaller quantities of your material digitally, you can supply new files, or we can make changes to existing files and print new, up-tp-date material for you within days, even hours, of the changes coming into effect.
Click here to see our white paper to learn more about digital printing.


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Jumping is used in many sports for different purposes. In each sport, the jump is performed in a way that enhances the purpose of the jump, such as:
- High jumpers perform a backward roll over the bar, to gain the greatest height (which works because they have a cushioned landing area).
- Long jumpers extend their arms legs in front of their body, to reach out and gain the greatest distance (which works because they have a cushioned landing area).
- Hurdlers use an extended scissor action of the legs to clear the hurdle, gain height, and set themselves up for the next hurdle (which works because they know what is on the other side of each hurdle).
No matter the sport, the primary purpose of a jump is to raise the body to higher altitude (except with jump off or into something, such as jumping off a diving board or parachuting from an aircraft, where the purpose is to lose altitude). A secondary purpose may be to move the body quickly over a distance, such as jumping out the way of a foil in fencing. Martial arts jumps share these purposes but they have two important variables to deal with—an opponent that wants to harm them and unfamiliar terrain. This means that during a martial arts jump, the jumper must remain stable, be able to defend him or herself during the jump, be prepared for an unknown landing areas, and land in way that permits further offensive or defensive actions if needed.
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Quick Answer: What Are The Factors Affecting Decision Making?
What are the factors that influence decision making?
There are several important factors that influence decision making.
What are the four factors to consider when selecting an investment?
4 Important Factors To Consider Before InvestingRisk Vs Reward. Any kind of investment would involve a certain degree of risk. … Individual Risk Appetite. One man's food is another man's poison – the same goes for investment. … Investment Capital. The amount is investment capital you have can also affect your choice of investment. … Time Horizon.
What are the 3 types of decision making?
What are the four types of decision making?
The four decision-making styles include:Analytical.Directive.Conceptual.Behavioral.
What are factors of change?
The social structure of a society is closely related with the changes in the size, composition and distribution of population. The size of the population is based mainly upon three factors—birth rate, death rate and migration (immigration and emigration).
What are the factors of planning?
6 important factors in planning1) Management and Executive time / input –2) Commitment –3) Cost –4) Research –5) Assumptions –6) Review –
What are the factors affecting investment decisions?
Factors affecting investmentInterest rates (the cost of borrowing)Economic growth (changes in demand)Confidence/expectations.Technological developments (productivity of capital)Availability of finance from banks.Others (depreciation, wage costs, inflation, government policy)
What are the factors that influence ethical decision making?
Significant individual factors that affect the ethical decision-making process include personal moral philosophy, stage of moral development, motivation, and other personal factors such as gender, age, and experience.
What are the 5 factors influencing management?
Some of these factors include management functions, structural transformations, competition, socio-economic factors, laws and technology.Changes in Executive Management. … Transformations in Organizational Structure. … Competition from Other Businesses. … Social and Cultural Factors. … Laws and Regulations.More items…
What are the 6 steps of decision making?
What are the internal and external factors affecting decision making?
Organizational environment denotes internal and external environmental factors influencing organizational activates and decision making….Elements of the General External EnvironmentPolitical factors.Economic factors.Sociocultural factors.Economical factors.Legal factors.(Natural) Environmental factors.
What is decision making and its types?
Decision Making refers to a process by which individuals select a particular course of action among several alternatives to produce a desired result. A decision is a choice made from various available alternatives. …
How does culture influence ethical decision making?
The most generally accepted concept is that culture is a key determinant of an individual's ethical ideology, which affects an individual's inclination to behave ethically. In other words, culture acts as a guideline in determining whether certain practices are appropriate and acceptable.
What are the types of investment decisions?
What are two economic factors that affect financial decisions?
Economic factors include the global economy, inflation, and interest rates. Consequently, what are the factors that affect personal financial decisions?…Consumer prices. … Inflation. … Consumer Spending. … Interest Rates.Unemployment Rate.Personal Risk.Inflation Risk.InterestRate Risk.
What are 3 factors that you should consider when making an ethical decision?
Making Ethical Decisions: Things to Ask YourselfDoes your decision conflict with any of the core ethical values?Think of someone whose moral judgment you respect. … How will your decision affect others?Ask yourself: Are my actions legal?Are there regulations, rules, or policies that restrict your choices/ actions?Would your decision be perceived as unethical?More items…•
What is the ethical decision making?
Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. … Competency: The ability to collect and evaluate information, develop alternatives, and foresee potential consequences and risks.


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The Birthmark
The Birthmark
by Nathaniel Hawthorne
Man and the Natural World Theme
"The Birthmark" is interested in Nature as the personified creator of all things. It tells the story of a man who challenges Nature in trying to become a creator of sorts himself, in trying to "repair" a "flaw" that Nature has left on another human being. One of the many morals of the story is that Nature, like a "jealous patentee," carefully guards her secrets and can't be beaten or even matched by man. Part of the problem with the unbounded scientific urge, Hawthorne argues, is that it ignores the natural boundaries Nature sets for man's accomplishments.
Questions About Man and the Natural World
 1. Why is the word "Nature" capitalized throughout "The Birthmark"?
 2. When she's waiting for her husband to prepare the elixir for her to drink, Georgiana feels "a sensation in the fatal birthmark, not painful, but which induce[s] a restlessness throughout her system" (57). What do you think is going on here? What would possible make Georgiana feel this way, and what does it mean in the context of Hawthorne's heavy symbolism?
 3. Why is the birthmark red?
 4. Sure, she dies right afterwards, but the fact remains that Aylmer does indeed succeed in removing the birthmark from Georgiana's cheek. What does this say about man's ability to conquer nature?
Chew on This
Aylmer only wants to remove the birthmark from Georgiana's cheek for the scientific thrill. It's about his own ego, not about her.
Through his physical descriptions of setting, Hawthorne suggests that much of science is deceptive to its spectators.
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PROGRESSIVE STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE
This is a form of "domino effect" failure that can occur in a reinforced concrete structure whereby a failure starting in a particular component rapidly propagates to other components precipitating a major or even a total collapse. The three most common occurrences of this type of collapse are as follows:
Recently, two more types of construction have joined this group: lift-slab and hung ceiling systems.
The most well known failures in these categories are the Commonwealth Avenue collapse in Boston, the Bailey's Crossroads collapse in Virginia, and the Ronan Point explosion-collapse in London.
The Ronan Point failure occurred in May 1968. A natural gas explosion in a kitchen located in one of the four corners of the 23-storey precast building triggered a progressive collapse of all the corner units above and below that unit. The spectacular nature of the collapse created an enormous impact on the philosophy of structural design and resulted in important revisions of design codes. The Ronan Point report of the Court of Inquiry stated:
"It is the common aim of structural engineers so to design their structures that if one or two component parts or members fail due to any cause, the remaining structure shall be able to provide alternative paths to resist the loads previously borne by the failed parts."
The Ronan Point failure resulted in the addition of an amendment to the British Building Regulations of 1970, later developing into BS Cp _PHONE_, which made it mandatory in Britain for buildings of five or more stories to be designed for the possibility of progressive collapse. This amendment applies to all structures of more than five stories and is not limited to designs using precast panels. It follows the alternate path theory and requires, in essence, that every building be designed using either of the following alternatives:
The designer shall ensure that the removal of any of the structural components essential to the stability of the building does not produce the total collapse of the structure and that any resulting "local" damage or collapse be restricted to the stories above and below the one at which the removal of the component was made.
Structural members shall not collapse if subjected to the combined dead and imposed loads acting simultaneously with a pressure of 5 psi (34.48 kPa) in any direction and any extra loads transmitted from adjacent parts of the structure subjected to this 5 psi pressure.
The need to safeguard against progressive collapse was beginning to be recognized, though not formalized in design codes, even prior to the Ronan Point collapse. The Comite European du Beton produced and published in March 1967 a comprehensive code covering the design and construction of systems buildings. This Code drew attention to the danger of progressive collapse in the following words:
"One can hardly overemphasize the absolute necessity of effectively joining the various components of the structure together in order to obviate any possible tendency for it to behave like a "house of cards" "
In North America the first provisions to deal with progressive collapse were those in the BOCA (Building Officials and Code Administrators) 1981 Code. However, it was not until 1989 that the ACI - 318 Code made a first mention of the problem and not until the issuance of the 1995 Code that provisions comparable to those of BS-CP 110: 1972 were adopted.
The Canadian Standard CSA - A23.3-94 for the design of concrete structures now recognizes structural integrity as a separate limit state. The Standard includes several provisions to enhance structural integrity especially in precast and tilt-up structures, mixed or unusual structural systems and structures subjected to severe loads such as vehicle impact or chemical explosions.
The Ronan Point case stands as one of the few landmark failures that have had a sustained impact on structural thinking, an impact that affected even institutions that traditionally tend to resist change such as the ACI.
|The information contained in this web site is intended for marketing purposes only. It is not all-inclusive, and does not fully describe the many and varied services that the company provides, nor does it completely describe the education, training, skills, or expertise of our staff.|
Walters Forensic Engineering | 277 Wellington
Street West, Suite 800 | Toronto, ON M5V 3H2


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Investing in a home is one of the most significant decisions a person can make. Whether you're a first-time buyer or an experienced investor, exploring the option of purchasing a fibro home can be both exciting and daunting. In this article, we'll break down the basics of buying a fibro home and help you understand if it's a wise decision for you.
What is a Fibro Home?
A fibro home, short for fibro-cement or fibro-sheet, is a type of construction material used primarily in older Australian houses. It's made from a blend of cement and fibrous materials, such as asbestos fibres (prior to the 1980s) or non-asbestos fibres like cellulose or fibreglass. While modern fibro homes use non-asbestos fibres, older properties may have asbestos-containing materials, which could pose health risks if disturbed.
The Pros of Investing in a Fibro Home
Affordability: Fibro homes are often more affordable than traditional brick or wood homes, making them an attractive option for budget-conscious buyers.
Good insulation: Fibro-cement offers decent insulation properties, helping to regulate indoor temperatures and potentially lowering energy bills.
Retro charm: Many fibro homes have a unique retro charm that appeals to those seeking a distinct character in their properties.
Renovation potential: With the right precautions and professional help, fibro homes can be renovated and improved, increasing their value over time.
The Cons of Investing in a Fibro Home
Asbestos concerns: If the home was constructed before the 1980s, there might be asbestos-containing materials present, which require professional removal if disturbed.
Durability concerns: Fibro-cement can degrade over time, particularly if exposed to harsh weather conditions. Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure longevity.
Insurance challenges: Some insurance providers may be reluctant to cover fibro homes, especially those with asbestos, due to potential health and safety risks.
Market demand: Fibro homes might have limited demand in certain markets, potentially affecting resale value and ease of selling.
Asbestos Inspection: Before investing in a fibro home, always conduct an asbestos inspection by a licensed professional. If asbestos is detected, get advice on removal or encapsulation to ensure safety.
Professional Inspection: Hire a qualified building inspector to assess the overall condition of the property. They can help identify any structural issues or maintenance requirements.
Renovation Costs: If you plan to renovate the fibro home, factor in the additional costs for asbestos removal (if needed) and potential upgrades to ensure it complies with modern building standards.
Future Development: Consider the surrounding neighbourhood and the potential for future development or gentrification, as this can impact the property's value in the long run.
Buying a fibro home can be a financially prudent decision for those willing to weigh the pros and cons carefully. While these homes offer affordability and unique character, they also require additional considerations such as asbestos management and regular maintenance. By conducting thorough inspections and making informed decisions, you can navigate the potential pitfalls and find a fibro home that fits both your budget and lifestyle.
Remember, consulting with real estate professionals and experts will be invaluable throughout the process, ensuring a successful purchase of a fibro home.


The Java EE 5 Tutorial
NULL Values
If the target of a reference is not in the persistent store, then the target is NULL. For conditional expressions containing NULL, the query language uses the semantics defined by SQL92. Briefly, these semantics are as follows:
Table 27–6 AND Operator Logic
Table 27–7 OR Operator Logic


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Sign in or
An arterial line or arterial catheter is a small thin plastic tube, similar to an IV catheter that is inserted into a peripheral artery.
Most often used in an Intensive Care setting it is used only for measuring blood pressure and for blood sampling. The arterial line is contiguous with the patient's artery and therefore carries the same pressure. This is recorded on a monitor in a wave fashion noting the peaks (the systolic pressure) and the valleys (the diastolic pressure) in the arterial system of the patient
Arterial Line in patient radial artery
An arterial line also provides access for the frequent blood sampling. Blood may be withdrawn from the patient through the tubing without having to use a needle for each blood test.
Nothing is ever injected into an arterial line as it will travel to the fingers and end up causing complications such as necrosis.
Insertion sites are usually in the wrist (radial artery), armpit (axillary artery), groin (femoral artery), or foot (pedal artery).
Often the arterial line is marked with red tape around the dressing so that it may not be confused with lines used for other purposes.
◄... go back to Central Lines homepage
◄... go back to General Radiography homepage
Latest page update: made by AndyC
, Jan 11 2011, 12:56 PM EST
(about this update
About This Update
Edited by AndyC
15 words added
3 words deleted
1 image added
1 image deleted
- complete history)
More Info: links to this page


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In 1985, Medical Engineering and Development started developing veterinary surgical equipment that would help veterinarians dealing with wildlife and endangered species.
The first product designed and produced was an arterial blood pressure monitor for lions, elephants and other wildlife on game farms. The wildlife veterinarian performed an arterial stick, then monitored blood pressure fluctuations to determine the animal's plane of anesthesia while the testing, tagging and physical examination was performed. This was followed in 1986 by the introduction of the first electronic respiration monitor which directly measured the mass flow of air to and from the patient (i.e. tidal volume). Over the following three years additional sensors were developed to allow respiration monitoring of all avian, reptile and mammal species - from parakeets and white mice to reptiles and elephants.
In 1990 the company introduced the first of their lifting transport tables and stretchers for small animal practitioners. The Lifting Table product line soon expanded to include lifting and surgical tables for wildlife and large animals. A more complete line of stretchers capable of carrying large zoo cats, bears and gorillas followed.


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Setting the Table
- When you aren't using your best china, have your child help you set the table.
- Have her count the number of people who will be eating, then count out the same number of knives, forks, spoons, plates, napkins, and so on.
- Show her how to place everything on the table properly.
- For younger children, you may want to set the plates and other breakables yourself, and have your child help you with silverware and napkins-- unless, of course, you are using paper plates!
Copyright © 1998 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Preschooler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


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ERIC Number: ED242549
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1983-Apr
Reference Count: 0
SummerMath: Research into Practice.
An experience in attempting to transform research into practice is described, with questions raised about the relationship between research and practice. The author begins by describing the two research traditions which exerted the most force on the design of the program. How the philosophy and findings of those traditions were interpreted and implemented is discussed as the SummerMath program is described. This was a six-week program for high school students, to encourage young women to gain an understanding of mathematics in order to increase their participation in mathematics and mathematics-related fields, as well as to implement the findings of research to improve learning. Sections focus on research into practice, research on mathematics learning, curriculum, instruction, women and mathematics, and evaluation. Results of the implementation and new research questions are each presented. (MNS)
Publication Type: Reports - Research; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Researchers; Teachers; Practitioners
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers: Mathematics Education Research; Research Practice Relationship; SummerMath Program
Note: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (67th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, April, 1983).


Test-driven SPA development
Testing is hard to get right. There are several ways to shoot yourself in the foot. Testing an SPA (single page application) adds its own idiosyncrasies and complexities. Utilizing well known patterns and practices and avoiding common pitfalls, it is possible to create a fast, maintainable test-driven development process.
This post explains theory behind how to write good unit tests and delves into writing a real world test case with code and full working examples. It uses Durandaljs, but the concepts are applicable to all single page applications.
What makes a good unit test?
A common mistake is to write tests at the wrong level, which ends up coupling your test to the implementation details of your code. A good indicator you've got it wrong is tests breaking when refactoring. The way to avoid this problem is to always write tests from the public API of your application, with a "unit" being a single use case of the system under test. For an SPA, the public API of the application is the user interface itself, so in our tests we would expect to be clicking buttons, typing into input boxes, etc.
Another property of a good unit test is that it has full control of the running parts and is isolated from external dependencies, including DB, network or file access, system time, random number generation, etc. It is important that the architecture of your SPA has a way to replace these parts of the application with dummy (mock or stub) implementations. For instance, SPA unit tests will need a way to mock AJAX calls to return fake data in order to remove the dependency on the server. This is essential, as we need unit tests to be repeatable, consistent and fast.
Finally, an often over-looked aspect of tests is readability and maintainability. The intent of a test should be immediately understandable to even non-technical people. The test suite should read like manual for what the application does and how to use it. If tests are hard to decipher, developers are more likely to write new tests rather than amend existing ones when features change, leading to duplication and fragmentation of structure. On the flip-side, good tests will serve as a starting point to discussions when working within a particular functional area. A well known pattern for testing UI code is the page model, which involves creating an abstraction in your tests that represents the user interaction with your application. The concept is good, but I dislike the name, as it suggests creating an abstraction per page, whereas use cases often involve a single component within a page. We'll see later how this can help make tests more readable.
The development process and BDD
Traditionally, and still the case for many teams, unit tests are the domain of developers. They are the things that managers know the developers are doing, but not quite sure why and have no visibility on, but accept because they are increasing the Quality™ of the product. I see this as very much an anti-pattern. Everyone should care about the tests as they define how the application should behave. If you are writing tests that only developers understand, that is another indicator you are testing at the wrong level.
A good way to ensure everyone cares is to get everyone involved in defining the tests. At Huddle, before the start of a sprint, we collaborate on the acceptance criteria of our stories, which are normal just bullet points written by the product manager that we re-write and expand on using the Gherkin syntax. Each test case is a scenario that describes a single function of the application. The formal structure of Gherkin forces out ambiguities and unknowns in the original story and allows us easily discuss points of contention. Also, when developing we can be free to concentrate on the implementation rather than worrying about the business rules. For tips on writing good scenarios, I recommend reading Specification by Example.
Testable SPA architecture
Isolation can be difficult to achieve with an SPA. The lack of application structure defined by web standards means there are many ways to go about it and the dynamic nature of javascript makes it easy for dependencies to creep in and hard to enforce encapsulation. Using modules is a good way to tackle this as it is a future standard.
Composition is also key. We need to be able to build the full application from components that are individually testable. We should be able to take an individual use case and exercise that functionality without having to invoke unrelated components.
For these reasons (and many others) we decided to go with Durandal to handle most of the infrastructure concerns of our SPA. It is built around the core concepts of modules and composition and makes it simple to isolate components.
Enough waffle, let's see some code…
Durandal comes with a starter kit example application that I'm going to use to show how we follow a TDD approach to SPA development.
First, lets define a scenario for the Flickr example page:
Now lets take that scenario and create a test using ScenarioJS:
Now, we need a way to run the tests. The usual way to start a Durandal application is like this:
For our test setup, we need to have a different entry point so the test can "drive" the application. So copy the usual index.html page into a test.html page that points to main-test.js instead. Inside main-test.js we use the testRunner module from ScenarioJS:
The test runner picks the test to run using window.location.hash to indicate the module id of the scenario. It loads the module and runs each step of the scenario in order. Here is this test running in the browser, open the browser console to see the test output.
Mocking AJAX calls
In the given step, we are setting up fake data for the ajax call to flickr:
The FlickrItemBuilder is an implementation of the builder pattern responsible for building that data, we use the builder pattern because api data can quickly get complicated to create. The builder pattern sets sensible defaults for the data, so you only need to specify in the test things that are relevant, which makes it more readable. The times() method creates an array of flicker items by calling the build method x times:
The mockHttp module is a module with the same public api as the durandal http plugin. It also has a fluent interface for setting up responses for specific requests. In the above we are mocking jsonp requests with the uri, data and callbackparam specified. We replace the http module in our test setup by explicitly setting the module in the require paths:
'plugins/http': '../test/data/mockHttp'
Modelling the user interaction
In the when step, we call setRoot on our application model, passing the module we are testing and the test model of that module:
The application model setRoot method calls into Durandal's set root and waits for the module's view to be available in the DOM. Durandal's composition framework means that we can pass any module we want to the setRoot method and it will compose the module and its view. This is a really nice way to achieve isolation of the component under test. You don't have to navigate from the root of your application each time to run a particular scenario, you can go straight to the module:
Our application model SetRoot returns a promise, which ScenarioJS understands, so the next step will not run until the view is rendered. We also pass the result of the promise to the next step, which in this case is the flickr test model:
The application model creates the flickr model when the module has finished loading. It passes the jquery object for the view to the constructor of the flickr model. We can then encapsulate information about the component and user interactions such as button clicks. To actually select dom elements, I added a data-test attribute to the appropriate elements so we can use a convention based approach to setting up the test model. We are hiding the details of interacting with the application from the test, so are the tests are more readable. We don't need to know what jquery selectors are used in order to understand the intent of the test.
Now we can make assertions on the model:
ScenarioJS includes a console runner that will generate an html page with the status of the last full test run, which can be viewed here.
All the code for the durandal tests is on my github branch.
Posted in Durandal, javascript, SPA, Testing | Leave a comment


Out of Bounds (OOB)
The out of bounds (OOB) effect is a way of editing the photo in an image editor program to make the subject stand out and give the impression of a 3D image. It can be done with just one photo or with several images that are composed into one.
The goal of this Photoshop tutorial is to take the plain photo of the lion seen on the left and transform it into the one seen on the right, where the lion head pops out of the frame. It was done using just one photo with its original background and without any distortions.
before and after
Icon/Shortcut Function
icon brush B Brush
icon marquee tool M Rectangular marquee tool
icon new layer Layer icon
icon layer mask Layer mask icon
icon layer visibility eye Layer visibility
icon adjustment layer Adjustment layer icon
Alt+Backspace Fill the layer with the current foreground color
Ctrl+Backspace Fill the layer with the current background color
Ctrl+D Deselect the current selection
Ctrl+I Invert the mask (invert in general)
D Reset the foreand background color to black & white
X Swap the foreground with the background color
Getting Started
 1. Open the image you want to use or download my original lion photo if you would like to work along. Selecting a suitable photo helps a lot to create a convincing OOB effect.
 2. Before you do anything else, make all the adjustments like levels, cloning, saturation and such to improve the overall quality of the image.
 3. Press D on your keyboard to set the background and foreground colors to default (black and white).
 4. Set up the required layers, in order to make it is easier once you start to work. Double click on the layer thumbnail of your background (see Layers palette) to create a layer and name it something meaningful, in my case "lion".
 layer thumbnail
 5. Create a new layer by clicking on the layer icon at the bottom of your layers palette. Rename it to "white background" and press Ctrl+Backspace to fill it with white.
 6. Create another layer, rename it to "black background" and press Alt+Backspace to fill it with black.
 7. Move the black and white layers (click and drag the layers) beneath the lion layer.
 Since Photoshop CS2, you can Ctrl click on multiple layers and then move them all at the same time.
 8. Create one more empty layer above the lion and call it "frame". You should now have something like this:
 lion setup
Creating the Frame
 1. Make sure the frame layer is selected (click on the frame layer in the layers palette once to highlight it).
 2. Use the Rectangular Marquee Tool (M), then click and drag to create a rectangle with the size and shape of your desired frame. Don't worry about the exact size, we are going to adjust it again later.
 3. Press Ctrl+Backspace to fill the selection with white.
 4. With the selection still active, go to Select/Modify/Contract… and type in a suitable number. In my case, I chose 15. Click OK and then delete the area in the middle (press the delete key on your keyboard), leaving only a white frame.
 5. Press Ctrl+D to deselect or go to Select/Deselect. You should now have something like the example below.
 create frame
Distorting the Frame
 1. To make the frame look 3 dimensional, we are now going to distort it. With the frame layer active, go to Edit/Free Transform or click Ctrl+T.
 2. Right click in the middle of the frame and select Perspective.
 3. You can now drag the corners up and down to create a 3 dimensional frame. Right click and select Distort, if you need to adjust the frame in a different direction.
 4. You should end up with something like this:
 lion 3d frame
Extracting the Subject
 1. It's time to delete or better hide everything except the main subject outside of the frame.
 2. Make sure the lion layer is selected and click on the layer mask icon (located at the bottom of your layers palette) to create a mask for the lion.
 The black layer mask hides the parts we don't want and the white layer mask reveals what needs to be visible. By using a mask, nothing will be deleted, so you can edit it anytime you want.
 3. Select a medium soft brush (B) and make sure that your foreground color is set to black.
 4. Paint over the parts you want to hide. Use a hard brush around the frame and use a softer brush for the edge of the lion and the napkin.
 When working on the layer mask, always make sure the layer mask is selected on not the layer itself!
 5. If you go too far, simply swap the foreground color to white and paint over the bits you want to reveal. Use the X key on your keyboard to quickly swap between black and white.
 6. In my example, using the brush was quick and easy but if you use a different image, you might have to make a selection with a different tool.
 7. Remember those white and black backgrounds we have created at the beginning? Now they come in handy, making it easy to see how well your masking is done. Simply click on the icon looking like an eye on the left side of the black or white background to see the different background colors.
 8. You should now have something like this:
 lion mask
Completing the Frame
 1. In the next step, we are going to create a drop shadow for the frame, so if you need a bit more space around the frame, resize the canvas now.
 2. Double click on the layer thumbnail of the frame layer to open the Layer Style dialog. Click on Drop Shadow and dial in the numbers you like. I kept it fairly low in this example but you can adjust it anyway you like.
 3. After you are done, go to Layer/Layer Style/Create Layer. This will put your shadow on a separate layer, so that we can work on it and mask it separately from the frame.
 4. Select the frame layer, create a layer mask and use a black brush (B) to hide the parts where the head and the napkin overlaps the frame.
 5. Do the same once more for the shadow and you should have something like this:
 frame done
Adding a Shadow
 1. As you can see, it starts to look more like the finished version but something is still missing. The shadows are what makes or breaks the OOB effect. For the lion, I decided that the napkin, the head and the leg needed some additional shadow.
 2. Select the lion layer, double click on the layer thumbnail and add a drop shadow. I've used a soft shadow and for the position, rather than dialing in the numbers, I used the mouse and moved the shadow on the image itself. Simply click and drag on the photo to move the shadow in position.
 3. After you are done, go to Layer/Layer Style/Create Layer and move the shadow layer to the top of your layers palette.
 4. Create a layer mask and invert it (Ctrl+I). You can use a black brush to hide the parts you don't need but I find it easier to invert the mask, in order to hide everything and then use a white brush to paint the shadow only where it's needed.
 5. If necessary, adjust the opacity and move its location if it doesn't look right.
 layer options
 6. Create one more layer on top and use a black brush to paint the additional shadow beneath the front leg. Use a low opacity brush (around 5%) and slowly paint the shadow. Don't worry when you paint the leg itself, simply add a layer mask and hide it.
 7. At this stage, it should look like this:
 shadow done
Final Tweaks
 1. I wanted to enhance the effect and make it look like it really comes out of the photo. To do that, I decided to lower the saturation and the contrast of the parts which are supposed to be a flat image.
 2. Select the lion layer. Press and hold the Alt key and click on the Adjustment Layer icon (at the bottom of the layers palette). Select Hue/Saturation.
 3. In the New Layer dialog, enable Use Previous Layer to Create Clipping Mask and click OK. I used -20 for Saturation in the Master channel.
 4. Select the lion layer once more, press and hold the Alt key but this time select the Adjustment Layer called Brightness/Contrast.
 5. Use the previous layer to create a clipping mask and in my case, I used Brightness +10, Contrast -15.
 6. The clipping masks are used so that the background doesn't change and only the lion image is affected.
 7. We don't need these adjustments to affect the lion head and the napkin, so use a layer mask (the layer mask has already been created automatically) for each adjustment layer and hide the parts which should pop out. Use the softest possible black brush and paint over the head, the napkin and the front leg.
 8. Add some sharpening to the 3D parts and your are done.


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Typical A19 LED bulbs can replace 40W incandescent lamps effectively. This is because low wattage A19 bulbs produce superior light. For instance a 9W A19 LED bulb is adequate enough to replace a 60 watt incandescent and a 20 watt compact fluorescent bulb. The most common A19 LED bulbs are available in color temperatures; 2700K and 4000K. Also, unlike most energy efficient bulbs out there in the market, A19 LED Bulbs reach full brightness instantly. A19 LED bulbs are also safe because they don't contain any lead or mercury. Both lead and mercury are poisonous substances to the human body thus A19 LED bulbs offers this added safety measure which lacks in most standard bulbs when they break.
A19 LED bulbs come in two main options i.e. dimmable and non dimmable bulbs. Dimmable options are important because they help in regulating light intensity depending on individual preferences. A19 LED bulbs also have a 50,000 hour lifetime which is 25 times longer than standard bulbs. The bulbs also use 80% less energy compared to standard bulbs i.e. incandescent lamps. Lastly, the bulbs are omnidirectional which simply means that the bulb emits light in all directions. This is an advantage because of equal distribution of light.
Standard A19 LED bulbs cost between $20 and $40 for a 40W and 60W bulb equivalent which is cheap considering A19 LED bulbs have a very long lifetime i.e. 50,000 hours. It is however important to note that the lifetime is dictated by a number factors. For instance, if you want your bulbs to last long 50,000+ hours, you have to use them as directed i.e. lighting them appropriately approximately 8-12 hours daily as opposed to lighting them continuously for days.
Most people consider A19 LED bulbs to be expensive however this isn't the case. When you compare the value for money you are getting i.e. superior light intensity, energy savings, lifetime, variety e.t.c., A19 LED bulbs are worth every penny.
Features of 2 common A19 LED Bulb types
1. A19 10W LED bulb: This is by far one of the most common A19 LED bulbs in the market today. As the name suggests the bulb has a power output of 10W. The bulb is made of aluminium with an input voltage of 100, 120, 220 and 240 Volts. The bulb has a beam angle of 270 degrees and 610 – 810 lumens. The A19 10W LED bulb has a three main color temperatures namely; warm white, pure white and cool white.
2. Dimmable 5W A19 LED bulb: Like the A19 10W LED bulb, the dimmable 5W LED bulb is also made of aluminium. The bulb also has a similar lifespan (50,000 hours) and color temperatures (warm white, pure white and cool white). The main difference between the two bulbs is the power output i.e. The bulb has a 5W output as suggested by the name. Also, the bulb is dimmable which means that light intensities can be regulated depending on one's preferences. The dimmable 5W A19 LED bulb is also different in terms of the lumens i.e. 350 – 420 lumens. The beam angle is also different i.e. 360 degrees which is better than the A19 10W LED bulb.
Please contact us for our product catalogue, technical data, and prices.


Speech on Aim of My Life
Speech on Aim of My Life for Students in English
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Speech my aim in life can be a dicey one. Since the presenter may have a particular aim that the audience might find unrelatable or irrelevant to them according to their perspective. Ambition is often associated with a negative terminology of one being greedy and selfish. The speaker who is assigned to deliver my aim in life speech can focus on the direction ambition can give to an individual. Ambition surely is a very individualistic process of discovering one aim, especially for a student. In this article, of speech on aim in my life, we will explore different ways of delivering it. It can be a long speech on aim of life student or a short my aim in life speech.
Long and Short Speech on Aim of My Life
Long Speech on Aim of My Life
This type of long speech on aim in life can be helpful for students in grades 8-12 who can elaborate on the importance of aim and speak about their own ambitions as well.
Good morning everyone, respected principal, teachers, and my dear friends, I am Xyz (mention your name) here to talk about the aim of my life. Let me first ask all of you, my friends, what are your ambitions? Have you ever thought about what actually it is to have an aim in life is? Ambition is a very subjective term it means different to different people. The common ground for everyone when one thinks of aim is the desire to achieve something by doing something that they are passionate about and interested in.
It is a very common question that our peers and even elders ask what is your aim in life? Many people find it difficult to decide on one specific aim in particular some have multiple interests and want to excel in all, which is quite a task. I have always believed that instead of being a jack of all trades one needs to be a master of one.
I have always seen my elder brother having an aim throughout his school life. Sometimes it was to score well in exams, be the school captain and sometimes it was to get admission to his desired university. It was through him that I understood having ambition is so important, it is the source of inspiration and the driving force behind leading a fulfilling life.
Having an aim actually drives you to have a purpose in life and to continuously keep on working towards it. To discover your aim, one must explore different interests and keep on trying. One can have a short-term goal that can also be the aim to be fulfilled. And other kinds of ambitions can be professional or personal. People who are aimless have no driving force that inspires them to wake up every morning to get to work and fulfill their ambitions. And they often fall prey to the vicious cycle of lethargy, inactiveness, lack of motivation, or will to do better or get anywhere in life. And thus one must be ambitious.
I was also one among those who had many interests and tried to do everything, it was a challenge to sit still and actually think about something that I am truly passionate about and ambitious enough to achieve as well. I have always been philanthropic thanks to my grandfather who has always inculcated this value in me since I was a little girl/boy.
During one such visit with my grandfather where I was accompanying him to assist in his medical aid program to the underprivileged, I realized I want to do just this. I want to become a doctor just like my grandfather. It was a shocker for my family when I told them this, they reasoned saying since I was always into extracurricular activities and arts completely diving into such an academic route will require hard work and a lot of sacrifices.
Having an ambition doesn't make the mountain of hurdles and obstacles smaller it just makes the climb easier and gives strength to keep going. I am preparing and working hard in all the subjects that I need to for scoring well in the entrance exam. Only then I can attend a prestigious university.
Everything in life needs our effort, time, and patience no matter what field it is. Nothing is served on a silver platter, one might think it would be so much better to enjoy than to work hard. Well, decide what it is that you want to achieve, having an aim will make all the hard work worthwhile. I know some of my friends want to become, teachers, singers, actors, mathematicians, dancers, sportsmen. I wish you all the best to work and have patience even when it gets difficult.
Thank you.
Short Speech on Aim of My Life
This short speech on aim of life student will find it very easy to deliver and understand its meaning. Very helpful for students in grades 4-7.
Good morning everyone, I am ABC (mention your name) here to speak about the aim of my life. We all have dreams and multiple ones that we wish would come true. Ambition and aim on the other hand do not work like that, one cannot wish for it to come true. When dreams become realistic goals we can consider it as our aim in life to be achieved so we feel worthy and happy.
My aim in life is to become a teacher just like my mother, and all my teachers here have also played a part in me coming to realize my aim. My mother is the most important and inspiring person in my life. She is the best teacher, many of her students reach out to her even when they have something personal to share. A teacher is a teacher even beyond classrooms, I find so much beauty and depth in my mother's profession that it has inspired me to take upon this as my aim as well.
I also want to have a part and role in children's development and help them become responsible and accountable individuals. Teachers truly hold a reputation for being strict but when one has the responsibility of the next generation leaders of the country some level of strictness will push the students. The teacher understands when to be strict and when to be the student's friend. And they walk a tightrope in balancing all of this. I hope my inspiration will help me to work hard and achieve the aim of my life.
Thank you.
10 Line Speech on Aim of My Life
This easy 10 line speech is helpful for students in grades 1-3 for a better understanding of my aim in my life speech.
 1. Ambition is the willingness to achieve something in life depending on one's interest, it can be different for every individual.
 2. Having an aim makes one's life meaningful and filled with purpose.
 3. It inspires, motivates, and humbles an individual when they are trying to achieve something they have set their minds on.
 4. An aimless person is directed towards hard life with no purpose and no hope.
 5. Ambitions give us hope for a better future.
 6. For a better tomorrow, we need to put in the work today and be dedicated to it, and consider every challenge as an opportunity to get closer to achieving our ambitions.
 7. When you achieve your aim in life you feel honoured and empowered.
 8. People around you also respect a successful person who puts in the work to achieve and excel at anything they have set their mind to.
 9. My aim in life is to become a dancer, I have already enrolled myself in a course. Thanks to my mother who has always encouraged me to pursue my interests.
 10. I wish to become a renowned Kathak dancer and give stage performances on an international level and bring laurels to my country and make my parents proud of me.


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Hazardous weather can occur at any time of the year. During the winter, the potential for icing, heavy snowfall, and power outages exist even in Las Cruces, New Mexico. During the spring, high winds are common. In the summer, extreme heat, thunderstorms, flashfloods, and tornados are all possible. In the fall, the potential for thunderstorms and hail are still high.
To help the campus community prepare for hazardous weather, NMSU has taken a number of steps. The first measure is to become a Storm Ready university, one of less than 50 in the nation. This shows the dedication of the university in helping the community be aware of, and prepared for, hazardous weather.
The NMSU Emergency Dispatch Center monitors weather information from the National Weather Service and other sources continually. If hazardous weather warnings and watches are issued, the dispatchers help determine the potential impact to NMSU and put out warnings as appropriate.
In most cases, seasonal warning information is distributed by NMSU Police once or twice in order to help people prepare for the upcoming season. Then, as severe warnings and watches are issued, additional notices are distributed as appropriate to the campus community. In the event of immediately life-threatening warnings (such as a tornado), NMSU may also activate the Emergency Notification System and the outdoor sirens.


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NM Centennial - Shaped by Science, Pt. 3..Sled Track
Holloman Air Force Base and White Sands Missile Range served as centers for the development of technology that shaped the Cold War military. Few examples of that work were more dramatic than John Stapp's trips down Holloman's famous sled track.
Stapp, a physician, volunteered for the first trip on Holloman's sled track in December 1954, and eventually would make 28 more runs, earning himself the title "world's fastest human." His efforts generated data that played a role in safer aircraft and eventually safer automobiles.
Our thanks to the Albuquerque Journal's "New Mexico 100 Years of Statehood" publication for this article.


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High turnover reported among charter school teachers
With so many charter school teachers moving on each year, concerns arise about retaining quality educators and how stability affects student performance.
July 25, 2011|By Howard Blume, Los Angeles Times
Kavita Papneja, a math teacher, joined an Alliance College-Ready charter several years ago and doesn't regret it. In her prior work at a traditional school, Gompers Middle School near Watts, "you have more behavior issues," she said. "Here, most of the time, we just have to worry about what we are teaching and what kids are learning."
As far as the charter workload, "if I have to spend extra hours, I will," said Papneja, 43, who believes she's the oldest teacher in her school. "It's not like they force me."
She and history teacher Stephanie McIlroy, who joined Alliance at age 21, also left a charter school; but in their case, the purpose was to follow Principal Howard Lappin from one Alliance charter school to a newly opened charter, the Alliance Environmental Science and Technology High School in Glassell Park.
Some former teachers at Alliance schools and elsewhere were less enthusiastic, speaking of pressure to produce high test scores and arbitrary management.
"We got in trouble for taking our sick days and personal days," said a history teacher who entered the teaching profession at a charter while in her 20s. She requested anonymity because she recently accepted a position at a different charter school. "Teachers feel so beleaguered because everything is presented to us as a problem we have to solve. But we can't fix all those problems, like when a kid misses 60 days in a semester."
Despite her former school's solid test scores, she said, the teacher departures matter.
"It has a huge effect on student morale," she said, especially for students who lack needed stability in other parts of their lives. "By the time students graduated from my school, there was not a single teacher who had been there the whole time."
Los Angeles Times Articles


text: Antibodies to streptococcal extracellular products were detected in rabbit sera by passive hemagglutination tests as early as 1 week after intravenous injection of live group A streptococci (strain C203S). Using these antibodies in immunoadsorbent columns, the authors prepared an antigenic fraction from crude concentrates of cellular products. The specific activity of this fraction in sensitizing glutaraldehyde treated erythrocytes for passive hemagglutination tests and in absorbing passive hemagglutination antibodies from immune sera was increased by 80 fold and at least 24 fold, respectively, as compared with crude extracellular products. The fraction has been found to contain at least three serologically active antigens, which are of considerable interest because: they gave rise to early and consistent immune responses both in humans and in experimental animals; they appear so far to be produced only by beta hemolytic streptococci; and antibodies to these antigens were present in high titers in patients with acute rheumatic fever. The data suggest that passive hemagglutination antigens may be distinct from those extracellular enzymes and hemolysins ordinarily employed in streptococcal serological studies.


Be An Amateur Antiques Detective!
 Kids, do you like using a black light to check for glowing objects? Do you like to solve clues and riddles? Are you curious about how things are made? If you answered yes to all of these questions then you might like this activity. Some antiques, collectibles and memorabilia have value if they're authentic and in good shape. Many people like to go to garage sales, antique shows, or even just "picking", to find interesting and valuable items.
 It's often very hard to tell if an old object is authentic or fake, or if it's been repaired or touched up. But using a black light can offer some clues. That's because some telltale signs of repair and signs of age will fluoresce under ultraviolet light.
 "Black light" is another name for ultraviolet light, that is, light that is of such a short wavelength that it is beyond the violet end of the visible part of the spectrum. As such, our eyes can not see this light or most objects illuminated by this wavelength of light, so it looks "black" to us. However, a number of materials fluoresce when illuminated by this light. That is to say, they absorb light energy in this region of the spectrum, and re-emit the energy at a longer wavelength, which is visible to the human eye. DayGlo® highlighter pens make use of this property by containing dyes that convert the ultraviolet component of sunlight or of some interior lamps to light of the same color as the pen color, to make the pen markings appear extra bright. We will use this ability of some materials to fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light to perform our detective work in this month's experiments.
 1. Detect Ceramic Repairs. Check an old-looking plate, teacup, or figurine in a darkened room. Use a handheld black light to check for repairs. If glue was used to repair cracks or replace chips then it will be obvious under the black light. This is because modern glues fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Modern paints also fluoresce, so you can also see touch-ups and repainting jobs.
 2. Confirming Age of Paper Items. Old postcards, books, signs, photos, posters etc. made before the late 1930's rarely glow under a black light. But the bleaches and dyes used in modern papers fluoresce strongly. Knowing this can help you detect a forgery or a fake.
 3. Dating Cloth Items. Cloth items include clothing, stuffed animals, rag dolls, and quilts. Many modern cloth fibers, including sewing thread, are made of polymers like rayon and polyester. These glow under a black light. Items that don't glow might be old and antiques. However, even if they're old, they might glow if they've been washed. That's because modern laundry detergents have additives that glow. So these items need extra testing.
 Check items around your home to see what you can deduce about their ages!
 NOTE: Standard safety precautions apply -- do not look directly at the black light.
 By Kathleen Carrado Gregar, PhD, Argonne National Labs
 [email protected]
 January 2014
 About.com Antiques "Ways to Test Antiques & Collectibles with a Black Light" by Pamela Wiggins


Getty Images Getty Images
The algebra test is shockingly awful.
The test resembles New York State's pre-Common Core Algebra Regents test, but with some more advanced algebra concepts showing up. The main difference, as The Washington Post notes, is that the new Common Core test questions are rambling and confusing. They unnecessarily interject people into story problems (e.g., Caitlin, Pat, Keith, the Jamison family, etc.). They rely heavily on useless vocabulary terms. They also ambiguously ask test-takers to explain their answers.
Take the very first question, for example:
When solving the equation 4(3x² + 2) – 9 = 8x² + 7, Emily wrote 4(3x² + 2) = 8x² + 16 as her first step. Which properly justifies Emily's first step?
(1) addition property of equality
(2) commutative property of addition
(3) multiplication property of equality
(4) distributive property of multiplication over addition
In addition to the unnecessary and confusing presence of Emily, there is no actual math here. It's purely a vocabulary question.
Questions 19 and 33 require the memorization of stunningly obscure math terminology. Eighthand ninth-graders who could otherwise perform the math are likely to have trouble if they don't know the all-important, college-ready math terms "trinomial" or "interquartile range."
Or take Question 12, which gives students two roots and asks them to identify an equation presented as a function — in the most ridiculous way possible. Here's the question in full:
The Common Core sheen here is the addition of Keith. What is he doing? What possible reason explains his presence? The only thing he is clearly doing is adding an unnecessary layer of complexity to a garden-variety function question.
The pre-Common Core version of New York's Algebra Regents test would have used cleaner, clearer language, notes The Post. Something like: "Given the roots -6 and 5, which of the following would be the correct equation?"


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The original Scripps marine biological laboratory, 1910
Scripps HistoryA leader and innovator in oceanography and marine technology for 100 years, Scripps Institution of Oceanography began when the right people, the right place, and the right time all converged in San Diego, California, in 1903.
Infinite secrets were awaiting discovery in the oceans, and UC Berkeley zoology professor William Ritter and his students were eager to uncover them. A visionary group of leaders in San Diego believed the West Coast needed a dedicated year-round marine laboratory and that their city was the ideal location. From this fusion of intellect and resources came the nation's first multidisciplinary oceanographic institution, later named Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Since becoming part of the University of California in 1912, the institution has expanded its scope to include studies of the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of the Earth.
A century of Scripps science has had an invaluable impact on oceanography, on understanding of the Earth, and on society. More than 300 research programs are under way today in a wide range of scientific areas in 65 countries.
For more information of Scripps History please visit the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives.


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Durham University Parent-Infant Sleep Lab, with support from La Leche League, NCT, and UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative, has launched a new website – Infant Sleep Information Source, or ISIS.
The website has been designed to provide parents and health professionals with clear, evidence-based information on 'normal' sleep, defining normal as "what is biologically expected for humans". It is hoped that this will help both parents who want to make informed choices about how their baby sleeps, and health professionals whose role is to support parents.
The website project is funded by a grant from the ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) 'Follow-on Fund' to facilitate and support the translation of research conducted by UK and overseas researchers on issues regarding infant sleep (e.g. development, environments, safety) into an online informational resource.
The site contains information on:
- Why babies sleep the way they do
- Sleep development
- Sleep training
- Different sleeping environments
- Coping at night
- Research evidence
Click here to visit the website.


Quick Answer: How Do You Use Drastically?
What is mean by drastically?
Meaning of drastically in English in a way that is severe and sudden or has very noticeable effects: Their budget has been drastically reduced.
Our communication environment has changed drastically in the last 10 years.
Is Drastically an adjective or adverb?
The adverb "drastically," like the adjective "drastic," is generally used in connection with measures that are extreme, severe, or harsh.
How do you use experimental in a sentence?
The equipment is still at the experimental stage.The experimental farm is near the waterpower station.The experimental plot was'parceled out to the students.The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing.The technique is still at the experimental stage.More items…•
Is Drastically a adverb?
drastically adverb – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com.
How do you use drastically in a sentence?
His life wouldn't change drastically if he agreed. After the school lost its national accreditation, their enrollment drastically declined. Something was drastically altered about his friend, and the thin collar around his neck told Kris everything he needed to know.
What is another word for experiment?investigationtestexaminationstudydemonstrationexperimentationobservationproberesearchtesting173 more rows
What is another word for drastically?
What is another word for drastically?extremelyhighlyoverlyradicallystrikinglytotallyintenselyparticularlyabundantlyoutstandingly235 more rows
What's more than extremely?
What is another word for extremely?highlyterriblyespeciallyexceedingexcessivelymightyreallyseriouslysupremelyvastly233 more rows
What is another word for really?
Find another word for really. In this page you can discover 53 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for really, like: genuinely, actually, indeed, certainly, undoubtedly, absolutely, as-a-matter-of-fact, surely, veritably, positively and legitimately.
What part of speech is drastically?
derivationDrastic comes from an ancient Greek word that means "effective," or "thing to be done." In the 1600s, a strong medicine with that acted with force on the body was called a "drastic." "Drastic" was first used to mean "extreme" or "severe" in the early 1800s….drastic.part of speech:adjectivederivation:drastically (adv.)4 more rows
What is experiment mean?
The definition of an experiment is a test or the act of trying out a new course of action. … To experiment is defined as to try out something new or to test a theory.
What is an example of experimental research?


Instructions How to Write
Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population
Use to search for results, reported from randomized clinical trials (RCTs), regarding the effect of vitamin E on Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population. This means you need to make sure that you are searching for articles involving clinical trials (RCTs) that specifically investigate an association between vitamin E and cardiovascular mortality (not just cardiovascular disease).
As you conduct this search, notice how the pubmed article list that is generated, yielded from your search terms, drastically differs depending on the terms you use in your search. This is part of the assignment and it may take some time until you realize which terms to use in the search field that will yield the most relevant list of articles.
1. FULL reference of the article (look at APHA style references as samples)
2. study setting (study population, place and time)
3. list the exposure (this is also known as the predictor or the determinant and, in the social sciences, it is known as the independent variable)
4. list the outcome (In public health, the outcome is often the disease or public health condition of interest. In the social sciences, it is known as the dependent variable.
5. study design type (these should all be randomized-controlled trials - RCTs, right?)
6. very brief description of the main findings for each article.
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There are many different filters you can use. Here's a quick look at a few of the most popular types:
 - UV/protection
 This type of filter protects your lens from accidental damage. It's much cheaper to replace a filter than to replace a scratched or damaged lens. A clear, high-quality UV filter will not impact the image quality. It simply protects the lens and makes it easier to clean. Just be careful to avoid stacking other filters on top of the UV filter, since doing so can cause vignetting (darker coloring at the edges of a photo) or reduce the image quality.
 - Use for: Protecting the lens
 - Polarizing
 If you want to make colors pop in your landscape shots, use a polarizing filter for bluer skies, greener vegetation and more-intense color contrast. A polarizing filter reduces reflections, saturates colors and cuts through haze. Be careful when using this type of filter on a wide angle lens, since you could end up with unnaturally dark colors.
 - Use for: Landscapes, waterfalls, wet scenery with lush vegetation
 - Neutral density
 Even after adjusting the aperture, sometimes the light that enters the lens is still too much. A neutral density filter reduces the amount of light entering the lens, thereby decreasing the shutter speed and increasing exposure time. Slowing down the lens creates a sense of movement, especially when photographing water, clouds or even people. A neutral density filter also comes in handy for shooting high-quality video, when you want to keep the shutter speed low for natural-looking motion.
 - Use for: Bright daylight or a misty waterfall
 - Lens case
 Protect your lens from damage when not in use by storing it in a lens case. A case with a strap attached makes it easy to take the lens wherever you go.
 - Lens pen/cleaning kit
 Caring properly for your lenses will ensure years of flawless performance. Use a lens pen or cleaning kit to keep your lens clean. A soft microfiber cloth removes smudges and fingerprints.
 - Adapters
 If you want to use a lens on your camera made by a different manufacturer, or if you want to attach a classic, out-of-production lens to a newer camera body that's not compatible, you'll need a lens adapter. You can also get a lens adapter for your mirrorless camera that allows you to use various DSLR lenses with it, further expanding your shooting options. One end of the adapter attaches to your lens, and the other end attaches to your camera. You'll most likely need to adjust the focus and exposure manually before shooting, since the lens and camera were not originally designed to work together. Although using a lens adapter takes a bit more work, it's an easy and affordable way to tap into your existing lens collection and unlock unique creative possibilities.
Shop online or in store.
Find a wide variety of camera lenses on BestBuy.com. Your local Best Buy store also has a selection of lenses. Plus, our friendly Blue Shirts are there to answer questions and help with choosing the best DSLR or mirrorless camera lens for your needs.


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Haupert Has Earned A Reputation For:
- Executive Management for Organizations in Transition: Each of Haupert's executive and board leadership positions since 1974 has been with organizations experiencing significant growth in budget and personnel; more recently, as a consultant, he has led organizations to "right size" and reduce costs in order to retain a focus on mission;
- Hands On Management which is characterized by familiarity with all aspects of nonprofit operations, so as to become a resource and colleague to his direct reports while maintaining appropriate authoritative distance to ensure accountability;
- Board Development Expertise that has enabled boards to organize and formalize their cultivation, training, tracking and accountability processes;
- Fund Development Expertise including taking a lead role in grant writing for government and private institutional funders, while ensuring the development and maturation of organizational infrastructure that can be described in ways compatible with the interests of the potential funder;
- Issue Advocacy that has been honed through direct involvement at the federal, state, county and local levels of government, including the developing of legislative language;
- The appropriate integration of technological advances into the business operations of community benefit organizations. Not all "advances" will be worth your time, and you need an organizational expert who knows technology rather than a technology person who works in organizations.