text:
Assignment statements are used to (re)bind names to values and to modify attributes or items of mutable objects:
(See section 5.3 for the syntax definitions for the last three symbols.)
An assignment statement evaluates the expression list (remember that this can be a single expression or a comma-separated list, the latter yielding a tuple) and assigns the single resulting object to each of the target lists, from left to right.
Assignment is defined recursively depending on the form of the target (list). When a target is part of a mutable object (an attribute reference, subscription or slicing), the mutable object must ultimately perform the assignment and decide about its validity, and may raise an exception if the assignment is unacceptable. The rules observed by various types and the exceptions raised are given with the definition of the object types (see section 3.2).
Assignment of an object to a target list is recursively defined as follows.
Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively defined as follows.
The name is rebound if it was already bound. This may cause the reference count for the object previously bound to the name to reach zero, causing the object to be deallocated and its destructor (if it has one) to be called.
If the primary is a mutable sequence object (e.g., a list), the subscript must yield a plain integer. If it is negative, the sequence's length is added to it. The resulting value must be a nonnegative integer less than the sequence's length, and the sequence is asked to assign the assigned object to its item with that index. If the index is out of range, IndexError is raised (assignment to a subscripted sequence cannot add new items to a list).
If the primary is a mapping object (e.g., a dictionary), the subscript must have a type compatible with the mapping's key type, and the mapping is then asked to create a key/datum pair which maps the subscript to the assigned object. This can either replace an existing key/value pair with the same key value, or insert a new key/value pair (if no key with the same value existed).
(In the current implementation, the syntax for targets is taken to be the same as for expressions, and invalid syntax is rejected during the code generation phase, causing less detailed error messages.)
WARNING: Although the definition of assignment implies that overlaps between the left-hand side and the right-hand side are 'safe' (e.g., "a, b = b, a" swaps two variables), overlaps within the collection of assigned-to variables are not safe! For instance, the following program prints "[0, 2]":
x = [0, 1] i = 0 i, x[i] = 1, 2 print x


text:
Formula of Concord (Lutheran Church)
The Formula of Concord (Formula Concordiae) is one of the symbolic books of the Lutheran Church, the purpose of which was to heal the schisms that had arisen in the church since Luther's death and to restore pure Lutheran doctrine. The formula of unity worked out in 1576 at a convention of theologians at Torgau by Jacob Andreae of Tübingen, Martin Chemnitz of Brunswick, David Chyträus of Rostock, Andreas Musculus of Frankfurt a.d. Oder, and several theologians of Saxony, was not found satisfactory, and was therefore revised in March 1577, at the Bergen monastery near Magdeburg. But this new version called the Formula Concordiae was not approved by all the Lutheran churches either.
The Formula of Concord comprises 12 articles. The last chapter deals with "other gangs and sects, who have never confessed themselves to the Augsburg Confession." This chapter is included to prevent the suspicion that such groups were tolerated. Among them were the Anabaptists, Schwenckfelders, Arians, and Antitrinitarians.
Concerning the Anabaptists the Concordia states: "The Anabaptists are divided into many groups, of which one defends much error, another little; on the whole, however, they teach such doctrine as cannot be tolerated in the churches, by the police, or in temporal government," and the suspicion is aroused that all branches without distinction hold the enumerated tenets.
The articles are divided into three groups. In addition to several doctrinal points, the Anabaptist views on government and economics are condemned, in agreement with article 16 of the Augsburg Confession.
The erroneous tenets of the Anabaptists are listed as follows in the Formula of Concord:
Intolerable Articles on the Church
- That Christ did not receive His body and blood from the Virgin Mary, but brought it with Him from heaven.
- That Christ is not true God, but merely has more gifts of the Holy Spirit than other holy persons.
- That our justification before God does not rest alone on the merit of Christ, but on the renewal, and thus on our own piety, in which we walk. Which is in large part on one's own, peculiar, self-chosen spirituality, and is fundamentally nothing but a new monasticism.
- That unbaptized children are before God not sinners, but righteous and innocent, which are saved in their innocence, because they have not yet reached accountability, without baptism (which, according to their assumption, they do not need). They thus reject the entire doctrine of original sin and what is attached to it.
- That children should not be baptized until they come to understanding and can confess their faith themselves.
- That the children of Christians are holy and children of God even without baptism, for the reason that they are born of Christian parents; and for this reason they do not regard nor promote infant baptism, contrary to the express word of God's promise, which includes only those who keep His covenant and do not despise it, Genesis 17.
- That the church in which sinners are still found is not a true church.
- That one should hear no sermon or attend any temple in which Papist Mass has been held or read.
- That one should have nothing to do with preachers who preach the Gospel in accord with the Augsburg Confession and reprove the preaching and error of the Anabaptists; one should neither serve them nor work for them, but flee and avoid them as perverters of God's Word.
Intolerable Articles Concerning the Police
- That the government is not a God-pleasing position in the New Testament.
- That a Christian cannot with a good conscience fill or officiate in a government office.
- That a Christian cannot with a good conscience use a function of government in occasional matters against the wicked, nor may its subjects call upon its power received from God, for safety and protection.
- That a Christian cannot with good conscience swear an oath nor offer allegiance to the ruling prince by means of an oath.
Intolerable Articles on Economics
- That a Christian with good conscience cannot keep or own any property, but is obliged to give it to the brotherhood.
- That a Christian cannot with a good conscience be an innkeeper, merchant, or knifesmith.
- That married persons must for the sake of their faith separate from one another, and one leave the other and marry another who is of the same faith.
These articles were compiled by the provost Jacob Andreae, who preached 33 sermons in Esslingen in _PHONE_ against "Papists, Schwenckfelders, and Anabaptists," which included eight against the Anabaptists. For the most part they refer to the Hutterian Brethren, who had no brotherhoods in Germany, but were doing successful missionary work there. From their confession of faith, Peter Riedemann's Rechenschaft unserer Religion, Lehre und Glaubens, he quotes entire passages and tries to refute them: infant baptism (p. 28), community of goods (p. 160), oath (p. 141), church officials (p. 75), hearing sermons in the temples (p. 51), Christian and government (p. 101), magistracy (p. 129), merchants (p. 157), knife-smiths or armorsmiths (p. 156), and inns (p. 159). These sermons were printed in 1568, in a second edition in 1575, and enlarged with six additional sermons in 1753.
The views expressed by Andreae in these sermons were concentrated in the Swabian Concordia of 1574, from which they were put almost verbatim into the Formula of Concord. Only a few sentences were added. One on Calvin at the request of the theologians of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel in session at Riddagshausen read: "The error of Calvin, that the children of baptized Christian believers; are in the covenant of grace and are saved even before they receive baptism, and that they are baptized only because baptism in them signifies and seals the salvation they have beforehand, for such error minimizes the doctrine of original sin." The others were those on the Incarnation.
The Formula of Concord was widely used. It was adopted in Saxony, Brandenburg, the Palatinate, in 20 duchies, 24 counties, and 35 imperial cities. It was rejected by Anhalt, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Denmark, Hesse, Holstein, Pfalz-Zweibrücken, Pomerania, Sweden, and a number of cities and counties (Bremen, Frankfurt, Magdeburg, Nürnberg, etc.). Though it failed to become a unifying formula for the Lutheran church, it formed the foundation for church doctrine from that time on in the sections that accepted it.
Andreae, Jacob. Dreyunddreissig Predigen, Von den filrnembsten Spaltungen in der Christlichen Religion: IV.
Frank, Fr. H. R. Die Theologie der Concordienformel. Erlangen, 1865. IV, 345-391
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, _PHONE_: v. II, 543 ff.
Heppe, F. H. Geschichte des deutschen Protestantismus. 1857: III.
Loserth, Johann. Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der oberdeutschen Taufgesinnten im 16. Jahrhundert. Vienna, 1929.
Müller, J. T. Die symbolischen Bücher der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche. Gütersloh, 1890: 558-560, 727 f.
Riedemann, Peter. Rechenschaft unserer Religion, Lehre und Glaubens (ca. 1545).
Wider die Lehr der Widerteuffer. Tübingen, 1568: 1-172.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, and Waterloo, Ontario, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, pp. 354-356. All rights reserved. For information on ordering the encyclopedia visit the Herald Press website.
©_PHONE_ by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.
MLA style: Hege, Christian. "Formula of Concord (Lutheran Church)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1956. Web. 19 May 2013. _URL_
APA style: Hege, Christian. (1956). Formula of Concord (Lutheran Church). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 19 May 2013, from _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


アトラシアン コミュニティをご利用ください。
When you attempt to sort issues by Rank using the Issue Navigator, the issues do not appear to be sorted numerically. Users sometimes expect that issues will appear ordered by the Rank field, in consecutive order from 1 to the number of ranked issues.
In JIRA Agile 5.8 and later, ranking is based on a custom field called 'Rank' (of type Global Rank). Note that you can have multiple fields of type Global Rank, if you wish. Each Global Rank field is a linked list that contains every issue in JIRA in order (from highest rank to lowest rank).
The 'value' of a Global Rank field for an issue is not meaningful, though by co-incidence it contains the absolute index inside the linked list of issues in the system. The user is not meant to view this field (it is not shown on the View Issue screen or the Issue Navigator by default) because the absolute number does not mean anything except when compared to other issues in the search results. For example, the ranks in a system might look like the following:
If the user searched inside project PRO and ordered by the rank field they would get the correct order of issues (PRO-1, PRO-2, PRO-8, PRO-13) but would be confused by the numbers (2, 4, 6, 7). The fact that there are gaps is irrelevant because they probably do not care about TST at all. The end summary:
 - If you query issues with "order by rank asc" you will get the correct order of issues by rank.
 - The numbers shown (ie. the value of the Rank field) will often not be sequential, but their order is correct.
 - The exception to the above is that sub-tasks are ranked independently.
 - If you queried every issue in the system and ordered by Rank, then the rank field would begin at 1 and increase consecutively except for subtasks.
Special Note About Sub-Tasks
While sub-tasks are included in the global rank linked list, they are ranked first by their parent then by their own rank. Thus the logic for comparing two issues during a "sort by rank" is:
 1. If issue is a parent issue, compare index.
 2. If issue is a subtask,
 1. First compare parent index, return higher (if not subtasks of the same parent).
 2. Then compare subtask index (if the other issue is also a subtask of the same issue).
This means that subtasks are always ranked immediately next to their parent regardless of the absolute ranking index value. As a result, a search of all issues in a system with something like "order by rank asc" would correctly return the ordered list of issues but the rank value would only be consecutive for non sub-tasks (except for gaps where the sub-tasks consume index values). Here's an example:
4PRO-8 / PRO-16
6PRO-8 / PRO-19
9PRO-1 / PRO-4
If you searched only for project PRO with "order by rank asc" you would get PRO-8, PRO-16, PRO-19, PRO-4, PRO-1, PRO-4. The 'rank' values would be 1, 4, 6, 3, 7, 9.
最終更新日 2013 年 8 月 26 日
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Gen Psych Extra Credit College/University/Graduate School paper Help: Assignment!
Gen Psych Extra Credit Assignment!
you will watch/attend a psychology talk and choose a related to this podcast
This means that the talk you watch/attend must relate to a topic discussed in the fourth unit of our class (i.e., developmental psychology, health & stress, mental health, or therapy).
1-brief (two – three sentence) summary of the podcast topic.
What did you like about the podcast? What interested you?
What didn't you like about the podcast? What was confusing or unclear?
How did the content of the podcast connect to the textbook and/or class
discussions? Identify at least two points of connection.
If you could interview one or more of the podcast speakers, what would you
ask them? Write at least two possible interview questions
· Write at least one additional page (total length 2-3 pages)
· Describe the talk that you watched/attended – what did you like or find particularly interesting about it? Was there anything you disliked or found confusing?
· Discuss at least two links between the talk and the podcast (this can be incorporated into the section linking the podcast with the textbook/class material.
· Include at least two questions you would like to ask the speaker.


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Pollution in Border Reservoir Worries Armenia
Future health of the vital water resource ultimately depends on restoration of ties between Armenia and Turkey.
By Yeranuhi Soghoian in Gyumri (CRS No. 492, 8-May-09)
Armenian environmentalists fear the important reservoir dividing their country from Turkey is increasingly polluted, posing dangers to the health of people consuming crops grown from its waters.
The Akhurian reservoir is a crucial asset to both Armenia and Turkey. Holding 525 million cubic metres of water, it irrigates almost 104,000 hectares of agricultural land in both countries.
The reservoir, which entered into active service in 1980, straddles 20 kilometres of the state border in the middle reaches of the Akhurian river.
Armenian researchers first raised the alarm after delving into the ecosystem of the reservoir a few years ago. They say the water system is polluted with heavy metals and different toxic materials.
But with no cooperation between Armenian and Turkish ecologists, they fear there is little they can do about it.
The ecologists say the reservoir contains no self-cleaning mechanisms that can either absorb or remove excess traces of heavy metals.
These move from one biological system to another, interacting with various living organisms and having potentially dangerous consequences for humans who consume them.
"Our investigation discovered small concentrations of heavy metals in the reservoir that can't be overlooked," said Levon Martirosian, head of the of the Geophone Research Institute that carried out the survey.
"Heavy metals can intoxicate the cultivated vegetation through irrigation water; these pollutants also accumulate in different fish tissues."
Heavy metals and their compounds can penetrate into the human body through mouth, skin and mucus membrane. They exit through the kidney, liver, stomach, gut membrane, perspiratory glands and salivary glands, infecting the organs as they do so.
A characteristic feature of mercury and lead intoxication is stomatitis, complicated by gum erosion, ulcers and bleeding, while arsen and copper poisoning more often results in gastric problems. Blood intoxication is accompanied by hematocytolysis (more characteristic of arsen and copper poisoning) and anemia.
Martirosian says his team became aware of the problem in the reservoir after a Swiss company bought a 60-hectare apricot orchard near the reservoir a few years ago.
Intending to export the fruit, the company wanted packages with labels designating the fruit an ecologically clean product.
For this purpose, they ordered an examination of the irrigation water. And so, in 2002, environmental research on the ecosystem of the Akhurian reservoir began.
From the start, the Armenian specialists knew their survey would be incomplete, because they had no means of finding out the quantity or dynamics of harmful substances penetrating the reservoir from the Turkish side.
Since the 1980s, Armenian and Turkish officials have met monthly from spring till autumn in the village of Jrapi to talk over the issue of water and particularly the Akhurian reservoir.
But these meetings solely concern the amount of water to be released for irrigation, while other issues are not addressed.
Owing to the lack of official cooperation or sharing of environmental information between ecologists, Martirosian visited Turkey in a private capacity to sound out some contacts.
"I went to Kars for three times as a tourist in 2004 and 2005 because it was impossible to organise an official visit connected with our investigation," recalled Martirosian.
"I tried to find some environmental organisation or stakeholders there but it was useless.
"There wasn't a single public organisation with which to start even informal cooperation."
Moreover, on his visit to Kars, Martirosian spotted some alarming sights: a leather recycling plant in the town and a sugar factory on the outskirts.
The expert says he feared waste from those plants might be flowing into the reservoir through the river Kars.
An additional area of concern is the amount of domestic garbage flowing into the lake from the river Akhurian on the Armenian side.
The river Gyumri also carries sewage to the reservoir. The amount of waste brought in by another river, the Kars, is not yet known.
Armenian ecologists want a more detailed survey of the entire reservoir ecosystem, including surveys on the territory of neighbouring Turkey.
They want an investigation into the annual dynamics of the water, micro-flora and fauna, as well as the local foliage and particularly the cultivated vegetation areas irrigated by the reservoir.
The reservoir is now almost half a century old – fruit of the once cordial relations between Turkey and the old Soviet Union.
A mixed Soviet-Turkish commission signed the agreement to construct the lake on April 25, 1963. The agreement regulated the flow of four rivers into the lake – the Akhurian, Kars, Karakhan and Chorli.
Seyran Minasian, head of the Laboratory Investigations Department of the Environmental Impact Monitoring Centre (part of the Armenian environment ministry), who took part in the survey of Akhurian reservoir ecosystem in 2002, is more optimistic than some of his colleagues.
He maintains that the extent of heavy metal pollution is not as alarming as some say and that levels of concentration are not dangerous.
But Minasian agrees that the Turkish government is unlikely to be much concerned about pollution in the remote east of the country.
"We know the Turkish government carries out water monitoring but prefers not to spend money on the eastern regions of the country," he said.
"It's obvious that the quantity, not quality, of the Araks and Akhurian rivers water is what's most important for Turkey."
The Armenian side, in turn, says that since 2006, at the request of the environment ministry, the Environmental Impact Monitoring Centre, has been surveying the reservoir periodically.
But Minasian says these investigations cost money, and even richer, developed countries only monitor water whenever it is necessary.
Many river protection groups in Europe and America successfully involve community members in research and monitoring works.
These groups mainly consist of high-school pupils and residents of the river and reservoir areas. They participate in special seminars, which explain the impact of water and environmental pollution to local people. It often turns out that as a result, people simply stop polluting the environment.
Meanwhile, Armenian researchers say the issue of starting a dialogue with Turkey on the reservoir, its maintenance and development, remains a primary goal.
Artush Mkrtchian, head of the Caucasus Business and Development Network Gyumri office, links the fate of the reservoir to the overall issue of the closed borders.
He has been working in the field of Armenian-Turkish relations for nine years, organising programmes aimed at creating dialogue between the estranged peoples.
Mkrtcian has always believed the borders will re-open some day, mainly as a result of European Union pressure on Turkey.
"Turkey's long-standing attempts to become a member of the European Union as well as Armenia's own economic and national interests mean that sooner or later they will open the borders, " said Mkrtchian.
He notes that business cooperation between the two countries has quietly grown in recent years.
As one example of collaboration, he cites an agreement hateched in 2007 between cheese-makers from Gyumri in Armenia, Ninotsminda in Georgia and Kars in Turkey to market a single product.
As a result of this cooperation, a new brand of "Caucasian" cheese was launched in Gyumri in May 2008, whose label notes that it was produced in all three towns. Producers from Georgia and Turkey came to Armenia for the event.
Currently, there are similar plans to market a new brand of Caucasian wine, involving vintners from Cappadocia in Turkey and the Ararat Valley.
Artush Mkrtchian notes that trade between the two countries has always been active, and is currently worth about 100 million US dollars a year.
Mkrtchian says the problems concerning dialogues between businessmen occur mainly when those businessmen have close ties to their respective political structures.
As for the ecological problems, he believes their resolution hangs on the success, or failure, of the current efforts to end the Turkish-Armenian diplomatic impasse.
"Water resources are state property, which means that the problem should be talked over by the governments of Armenia and Turkey," he said.
"But these countries simply do not exist for each other [diplomatically]. Hence, the problem will remain unresolved until the establishment of diplomatic relations."
Levon Martirosian, of the Geophone ecological organisation, says international pressure on both sides remains the reservoir's best hope.
Steps should be taken to ensure the opening of a dialogue with Turkey through the mediation of some international ecological organisation or other stakeholders.
There have been several successful examples of international mediation in environmental matters in the region in recent years.
Since 2006, for example, branches of the international conservation organisation WWF in Armenia and Germany and Armenia's environment ministry have been working on a programme to protect the Armenian-populated Samtskhe Javakheti region in Georgia, which Armenians call Javakhq, and the Shirak region in Armenia. The programme is funded by the German government-owned development bank, KFW.
The programme aims to maintain the biological diversity of the uplands of the Javakhq and the Shirak regions and support local communities through the creation of the Arpi Lake National Park.
Initially, three countries were involved in the programme – Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. But as Azerbaijan refused to join, Turkey's participation is being discussed, because the Shirak region borders also with Turkey.
Goyets Shuerholts, an international expert on land-utilisation issues, says European countries are very interested in water protection issues well beyond Europe's borders.
"From an ecological view borders don't exist, as the elements


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The Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has been labeled the billion dollar pest. Monitoring of this pest will allow us to determine the population dynamics of YieldGard® Rootworm. Western corn rootworm beetle populations were monitored in fields planted to transgenic corn with the use of Pherocon® AM sticky traps. Traps were placed in both transgenic and non-transgenic refuge areas. Beetle populations, the sex ratio, and the size of the beetles in the transgenic and non-transgenic areas are compared. These data will be useful in evaluating YieldGard® Rootworm hybrid efficiency and refuge area recommended by the EPA. This data will be helpful in developing good insecticide resistance management strategies.
Species 1: Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Diabrotica virgifera (western corn rootworm)
Keywords: transgenic corn, YieldGard Rootworm
Back to Student Competition Display Presentations, Section F. Crop Protection Entomology
Back to Student Competition Posters
Back to The 2003 ESA Annual Meeting and Exhibition


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Double-take! A rare half-male, half-female Cardinal has been spotted in Grand Valley, Pennsylvania. The birder, Jamie Hill, has been watching birds for over 48 years. This was a once-in-a-lifetime rare bird alert, for sure!
How can this happen?
Naturally, male Cardinals sport vibrant red feathers, especially in the Spring during mating season. Meanwhile, the female has a more buff look with red highlights on the tips of her feathers and tuft on her head.
Also known as "half-siders" among Ornithologists, it is a trait known as sexual dimorphism. The iconic plumage of the male cardinal makes it more recognizable than in other species.
This rare Cardinal was half male and half female: It was half red and half buff.
The scientific name for this is Gynandromorphism. It is when an organism contains both male and female characteristics. In early development, the chromosomes that cause male and female development do not separate properly during mitotosis. As a result, the organism has tissue that is largely female AND male.
What is even more crazy is how the photographer describes the bird:
"This bird would have a functioning ovary on its left side and a functioning single testis on its right," Hill wrote, adding, "Theoretically, this bird could either mate with a normal male cardinal and lay fertile eggs, or it could mate with a normal female cardinal and father her eggs!"
This paradox also occurs in many insects and crustaceans.
To read more about Jamie Hill's experience and to see more of his photos, click on the FB screenshot below.
Hope you enjoyed this rare bird alert!
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text:
First, read my other post HERE to understand the information about "domestic student status."
HOWEVER: Children born overseas who's parents are NZ Citizens or Residents, where the child has come here on a Visa (eg visitor or student visa) and none of the other definitions apply, then they do NOT have domestic student status.
Without domestic student status there are some things they cannot access....
- They are not required to attend school by law, nor can they for free, but only as fee-paying international students.
- They cannot (do not need to) gain a home education exemption and thus can not get the Supervision Allowance
- They cannot access free enrolment in Te Kura (the Correspondence School) otherwise available to students over 16 for high school qualifications.
But they are still entitled to health care...
This means that a foreign-born child of a NZ citizen/resident who does not have domestic student status is still entitled to:
- Free primary health care for under 13's
- Vision and hearing checks
- Free dental care under 18
- Publicly funded health and disability services such as a hospital, primary health care doctor etc
Some might consider this good news......
To be clear....
- If the parent is a NZ citizen or has NZ residency, the child was born overseas and is here on a Student visa, then the child does not have domestic student status. However, if the other parent is here, for example, on a work or study visa, then the child would still have domestic student status through that parent. Crazy, I know - but essentially it means children here solely because their parents are citizens/residents of NZ have less recognition than children who's parents are foreign nationals here to work or study.
- If a parent is a NZ citizen other then by descent, their foreign-born child is entitled to citizenship-by-descent (and a NZ passport), and as the application fees for citizenship are less than the fees for a student visa, then those parents might choose to apply for citizenship for the child rather than a visa. With citizenship, they would have domestic student status.
- If the parent is a citizen-by-descent themselves, their foreign-born child is not entitled to citizenship, and so would come here on a visa, and thus not have domestic student status. They might choose to delay a residency application for their child (due to the high cost) and so until they submit one, the child continues not to have domestic student status (assuming they don't have it through the second parent as above).
- If a family choose to put an application for citizenship or residency in for the child who is here on a student visa, then as soon as that application is submitted and is being considered by Immigration NZ, the child has domestic student status and is subject to enrollment or exemption requirements.
How schools can work around this.....
This does not apply to home education - if your child does not have domestic student status, you can carry on home educating them; there is no paperwork to complete.
Options to consider if you want your child to have domestic student status
- First, check all the definitions in the Gazette notice and find out if your child would already have domestic student status due to circumstances such as the other parent's visa or other situations covered in the gazette notice.
- Consider whether your child is eligible for citizenship-by-descent, and if so, consider applying for that
- Make an application for residency for your child

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


MI: Legal Gun Carry, Ask a Question, Lockdown a School
By Dean Weingarten
Armed Teachers
Armed Citizens Practice for concealed carry permit qualifications so they can lawfully carry in schools.
Gun Watch
Gun Watch
Arizona - -(Ammoland.com)- In an article from wnem.com, when a Michigan school volunteer asked if she could open carry a handgun at the school, the school was put into "Modified Lockdown".
The article does not say that she was openly carrying a handgun or if she was carrying concealed, either of which were likely legal (depending on the intricacies of Michigan law) only that she asked that the school allow her to do so.
The video with the story claims that she had a loaded handgun. The article and the video are vague enough that she might have had a gun in her car, she might have been carrying concealed, she might have been openly carrying, she might have been asked if she had a gun, or the school authorities might have assumed that she had a gun.
From the article:
Millington Schools Superintendent John Males tells WNEM.com that a woman who is a volunteer with the district went to Kirk Early Elementary and asked to open carry a handgun in the school.
It is what happened next that is truly astounding. The school was put into "modified lockdown" until the County Prosecutor had determined that the woman was off of school property!
Consider. School was disrupted simply because a woman asked some authority figure at a school if they could openly carry a handgun there.
The woman is legally allowed to carry with her Michigan Concealed Pistol License (CPL) Then, the authorities at the school, over reacted to the thought of carrying a gun in a school (unless it is by a government sanctioned authority figure) that they put the school in "Modified Lockdown". Apparently they are not able to determine if the threat of a person who asked a question has left school property themselves. They only allow school to resume when the County Prosecutor determines that the person who asked a question, is not on school property. A poster on opencarry.org claims that they know the woman in question, and that the wnem.com story is full of inaccuracies. It is a short story. Unfortunately, we can only speculate as to what the inaccuracies might be.
Unless there is more to the story, such as a history of mental problems, or threats, in which case one would ask why the woman is allowed to be a volunteer for the school, this is so bizarre as to be something out of "Franz Kafka novel".
The woman likely knew that she was not doing anything illegal, immoral or fattening, and was simply asking as a courtesy to the school authorities. People with concealed carry permits tend to be extremely polite. I know this from having taught concealed carry permit classes in Arizona for over 15 years.
I can understand the school authorities saying "no, we do not want you openly carrying in the school". Bureaucrats tend to be timid creatures when it comes to the potential for public controversy.
But put the school on "Modified Lockdown"? I wonder if that is anything like "Double Secret Probation".
From the article, the school authorities are not releasing any more information.
Side Note: A poll at the article has the question: Do you think law-abiding citizens should be allowed to openly carry handguns in schools? 79% if the respondents answered "Yes".
Link to Gun Watch
About Dean Weingarten;
 - 3 thoughts on "MI: Legal Gun Carry, Ask a Question, Lockdown a School
 1. Good article, Dean.
 It seams that school officials often over react to non-threatening requests for information. It must advance their career when they cry wolf, while actually educating children is hard work.
 2. "Bureaucrats tend to be timid creatures when it comes to the potential for public controversy."
 Along with the "Sheeples" they herd.
 Leave a Reply


text:
This month, DentalCPAs is celebrating Women in Dentistry. Even though roughly half of dental school graduates are female, women still represent just 30 percent of dentists nationwide. In September, discussions on our blog and social media will focus on the contributions and unique challenges of women in dentistry. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn using _USER_ to stay updated on the conversation.
Women in Dentistry: A Look Back Through Time
Dentistry wasn't always an accessible field. Until the turn of the 20th century, all but a few dentists nationwide were male, and many dental schools at that time refused to admit female students. That all changed with Lucy Beaman Hobbs Taylor. She became the first woman to earn a DDS degree in 1866, more than 25 years after the first dental college opened. She opened her dental practice before earning her degree, since the Ohio College of Dental Surgery initially refused her enrollment. Read more about Dr. Hobbs Taylor here.
Because Dr. Hobbs Taylor practiced dentistry for several years on her own, the Ohio College of Dental Surgery waived the traditional coursework requirement, and she took just one class before earning her DDS. In 1869, Henriette Hirschfeld-Tiburtius became the first woman to complete dental school, start to finish. She graduated from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery.
While Dr. Hobbs Taylor was recognized as the first woman with a DDS degree, the honor of first female dentist belongs to Emeline Roberts Jones. She taught herself basic fillings and extractions in secret, and joined her husband's Connecticut dental practice in 1855.
1892 marked the beginning of The Women's Dental Association, which had 12 founding members.
1900 – 1950
In the time since Dr. Hobbs Taylor and Emeline Roberts Jones, dentistry was beginning to change – slowly. Little more than a few dozen dental school graduates during this time were female. Dental schools were just starting to "experiment" with admitting female students. It's estimated that around 1950, about 1 in 55 dentists was a woman. In 1945, four dental colleges still refused to admit women: Harvard, Georgetown, St. Louis University, and the University of Kansas City.
The 1920s were important for women dentists; they began to organize groups and associations within the profession. In 1920, the ADA admitted its first female delegate: Maude Tanner. The following year, the American Association of Women Dentists (formerly known as the Federation of American Women Dentists) was formed. M. Evangeline Jordan, a pioneer in pediatric dentistry, was the first president. Finally, in 1923, Omicron Kappa Upsilon, the American dental honor society, admitted its first female inductee: Anita Martin.
1950 – 1980
Women's roles in dentistry began to expand. While many patients were still known to remark that they had never seen a woman dentist before, the ranks were growing – slowly but steadily. In the 1960s, it's estimated that about one percent of dental school graduates were female. By 1976, 4.6 percent of dental school graduates were female.
In 1951, Helen Myers became the first woman commissioned in the U.S. Army Dental Corps as a dental officer. Later, in 1975, Jeanne Sinkford became the first woman dean of a dental school at Howard University.
1980 – 2000
The number of female dental school graduates skyrocketed in a decade, from less than five percent in 1976 to 22 percent in 1986. In 1991, Geraldine Morrow became the first woman president of the American Dental Association, and represented the earlier years of women taking more leadership roles in dental organizations.
In 1991, the Office of Research on Women's Health was established within the National Institute of Health. Its purpose was to support women's advancement in health research and health careers. This coincided with the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission in the same year; its goal was to identify and eliminate career obstacles that women and minorities face.
Representative of a larger movement, in 1997 Mattel unveiled Dentist Barbie, although at the time most attitudes toward "smart" Barbie dolls were still stuck in an earlier decade.
The past 17 years have seen dramatic changes in the dental profession. Women have started to occupy more leadership roles in dental societies and academics for the first time. As of 2004, a woman has occupied the senior leadership role in each of these societies. In 2009, Kathleen O'Loughlin became the first female executive director of the ADA.
Dental school graduates have an almost equal female to male ratio; in a few schools, there are more women than men. Many dentists, including many females, are specializing their practices to include cosmetic dentistry, pediatrics, maxillofacial, orthodontics, and endodontics.
Because of the desire for better work-life balance, women are helping to change the dentistry business model. More women than men are likely to pursue part-time or join group practices because they offer better benefits than private practice. More women are likely to perform pro bono work and spend more time with patients – two areas that can impact how a dental practice operates. This relationship-based approach to dentistry is already changing how dental schools admit students – based on a whole life evaluation, not just numbers on paper.
Addressing the challenges that women in dentistry face is a multi-faceted issue. The need for more women in leadership and mentor roles, more (and different) networking opportunities and better work-life balance are key areas. With the number of female dental school graduates expected to increase, we look forward to more contributions from women dentists in the future.


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Reading Guide Questions
Please be aware that this discussion guide may contain spoilers!
- David Mitchell once stated that his intention is to write a bicultural novel, where Japanese perspectives are given an equal weight to Dutch/European perspectives." Do you believe he accomplished this goal in The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet? How do you think the perspectives of each culture are portrayed, and are they given equal treatment?
- Jacob de Zoet is an honest, pious man, and has a difficult time coping with the corruption around him on Dejima. Discuss the significance of the psalter, and the impacts of his decision to smuggle it onto the island.
- One theme of the novel is the power of language -- how does it play into both authority and corruption in the interaction between Dutch and Japanese cultures?
- Alternatively, how do instances of common language unite characters in the novel?
- Vorstenbosch tells Jacob that the orient is all about signals. Discuss various mixed signals and miscommunications in the novel and their effects.
- What are your expectations of historical fiction? How do you think this book aligns and diverges with projected notions of the genre?
- Speaking of genre, what others genres do you see influencing this novel? What does the novel change in each part?
- The novel is peopled with dozens of fascinating secondary and tertiary characters. Who is your favorite and why?
- Discuss the concept of isolationism and how the novel's various settings and landscapes reflect it.
- If you were to land in Dejima in 1799, what would be the first thing you would do?
Unless otherwise stated, this discussion guide is reprinted with the permission of Random House.
Any page references refer to a USA edition of the book, usually the trade paperback version, and may vary in other editions.


Medicine Hunter Chris Kilham scours the globe to find the safest and most effective natural remedies. Chris goes mountain climbing in Asia to find his favorite plant: rhodiola. Learn how this root can help build strength and boost brain function.
See the Medicine Hunter explain why schisandra berries are prized in traditional Chinese medicine.
Watch the Medicine Hunter explain the health benefits of goji berries.
See the Medicine Hunter demonstrate the skin healing properties of dragon's blood.
Watch the Medicine Hunter learn about maqui berry, the newest superfruit.
You've heard of red wine and white wine but have you ever heard of blue wine? This blue version of wine is given a taste test to see how it compares to the classics.


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The CFPB has released the Summer 2020 edition of its Supervisory Highlights. The report discusses the Bureau's examinations in the areas of consumer reporting, debt collection, deposits, fair lending, mortgage servicing, and payday lending that were completed between September 2019 and December 2019.
Key findings are described below.
Consumer reporting. CFPB examiners found:
- One or more lenders violated the FCRA by obtaining credit reports without a permissible purpose as a result of the lender's employees having obtained credit reports without first establishing that the lender had a permissible purpose to do so. The CFPB notes that while consumer consent to obtain a credit report is not required where a lender has another permissible purpose, one or more mortgage lenders decided to require their employees to obtain consumer consent before obtaining credit reports "as an additional precaution to ensure that the lender had a permissible purpose to obtain the consumers' reports."
- Third party debt collection furnishers of information about cable, satellite, and telecommunications accouns violated the FCRA requirement for furnishers of information about delinquent accounts to report the date of first delinquency to the consumer reporting companies (CRC) within 90 days. The date of first delinquency is "the month and year of commencement of the delinquency on the account that immediately preceded the action." The CFPB found the furnishers were incorrectly reporting, as the date of first delinquency, the date that the consumer's service was disconnected even though service was not disconnected until several months after the first missed payment that commenced the delinquency. In addition, one or more furnishers were found to have incorrectly provided the charge-off date as the date of first delinquency, which was often several months after the delinquency commenced.
- One or more furnishers violated the FCRA requirement to conduct a reasonable investigation of direct and indirect disputes. CFPB examiners found that for both direct and indirect disputes, the furnishers failed to review underlying account information and documentation, account history notes, or dispute-related correspondence provided by the consumer. The CFPB notes that inadequate staffing and high daily dispute resolution requirements contributed to the furnishers' failures.
Debt collection. CFPB examiners found that one or more debt collectors engaged in the following violations:
- Violations of the FDCPA prohibitions regarding threatening actions that cannot legally be taken or are not intended to be taken and using false representations to collect a debt by (1) falsely threatened consumers with lawsuits that the collectors could not legally file or did not intend to file, (2) made false representations regarding the litigation process and a consumer's obligations in the event of litigation, and (3) made implied representations to consumers that debts would be reported to CRCs if not paid by a certain date when the collectors did not report the debts.
- Violations of the FDCPA prohibitions regarding making false representations that a debt collector operates or is employed by a CRC by falsely representing or implying to consumers that that they operated or were employed by CRCs.
Deposits. CFPB examiners found that one or more financial institutions had engaged in the following violations:
- Violations of the EFTA provision that prohibits the use of agreements that contain a waiver of a consumer's EFTA rights by requiring consumers to (1) sign deposit agreements stating that consumers would cooperate with the institution's investigation of any errors alleged by the consumer, including by providing affidavits and notifying law enforcement authorities, and (2) sign stop payment request forms and deposit agreements in which the consumer agreed to indemnify and hold the institutions harmless for various claims and expenses arising from honoring the stop payment request, including not holding the institution liable if it was unable to stop the payment due to inadvertence, accident, or oversight. The CFPB deemed such requirements to be provisions that waived consumer rights in violation of the EFTA because they required consumers to do more than what the EFTA and Regulation E allow to assert their rights.
- Violations of Regulation E requirements regarding qualifying notices of EFTA errors. CFPB examiners found that although the EFTA and Regulation E provide that a qualifying notice is one that is received within 60 days after the institution sends the statement on which the alleged error is first reflected, the institutions required that error notices relating to ACH transactions had to be received within 60 days from the transaction date.
- Violations of the EFTA/Regulation E requirement that an institution investigating an alleged error must provide to consumers the investigation determination, an explanation for the determination when it determines there was no error or a different error occurred, and notice of the consumer's right to request the documents relied on by the institution to make its determination when it determines no error or a different error occurred. CFPB examiners found that the institutions failed to provide an explanation for their determinations and/or provided inaccurate or irrelevant responses and did not provide consumers with notice of their right to request documents relied on by the institutions.
- Violations of the Regulation DD requirement that deposit account advertisements not mislead, be inaccurate, or misrepresent the deposit account terms by failing to provide advertised bonuses to consumers. The CFPB attributed the violations to quality control and monitoring procedures that did not appropriately ensure that all eligible consumers received the bonus.
Fair lending. CFPB examiners found:
- One or more bank or nonbank mortgage lenders violated the ECOA/Regulation B prohibition against using advertising that discourages prospective applicants on a prohibited basis. CFPB examiners found the lenders had "intentionally redlin[ed] majority-minority neighborhoods in two Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) by engaging in acts or practices directed at prospective applicants that may have discouraged reasonable people from applying for credit." Those acts or practices consisted of: (1) prominently featuring a white model in ads run on a weekly basis for two years in a publication with wide circulation in the MSAs, (2) featuring almost exclusively white models in marketing materials intended to be distributed to consumers by the lenders' retail loan originators, and (3) including headshots of the lenders' mortgage professionals who appeared to be white in almost all of the lenders' open house marketing materials. The CFPB states that (1) a statistical analysis of HMDA and U.S. census data provided evidence of the lenders' intent to discourage prospective applicants from majority-minority neighborhoods, (2) general and refined peer analysis showed the lenders received significantly fewer applications from majority-minority neighborhoods and high-minority neighborhoods relative to other peer lenders in the MSAs, and (3) the lender's direct marketing campaign that focused on majority-white areas in the MSAs was additional evidence of the lenders' intent to discourage prospective applicants on a prohibited basis. (The CFPB indicates that the lenders have implemented outreach and marketing programs focused on increasing their visibility among consumers living in or seeking credit in majority-minority census tracts in the MSAs.)
- One or more lenders violated the ECOA prohibition against discrimination against an applicant because the applicant's income is based entirely or in part on the receipt of public assistance. CFPB examiners found that the lenders had a policy or practice of excluding certain forms of public assistance without considering the applicant's actual circumstances in determining a borrower's eligibility for mortgage modification programs. (The CFPB indicates that borrowers who were denied mortgage modifications or otherwise harmed by this practice were provided with "financial remuneration and an appropriate mortgage modification.")
Mortgage servicing. CFPB examiners found that one or more servicers had engaged in the following violations:
- Violations of the Regulation Z requirement to provide periodic statements to certain consumers in bankruptcy. CFPB examiners attributed the violations to system limitations, and in some cases, a failure to reconcile accounting records of bankruptcy costs maintained by third parties with the servicers' systems of record.
- Violations of the Regulation X provision that prohibits a servicer from assessing a premium charge or fee for force-placed insurance unless the servicer has a reasonable basis to believe the borrower failed to maintain required hazard insurance. CFPB examiners found that servicers had charged borrowers for force-placed insurance who had provided the servicers with proof of required hazard insurance. Other servicers were found to have charged borrowers for forced-placed insurance where the servicers had received a bill for the borrowers' hazard insurance but did not assign the bill to the proper account. CFPB examiners attributed these violations to inadequate procedures and staffing and weak service provider oversight.
- Violations of the Regulation X requirement to cancel force-placed insurance and refund premiums for any period where a consumer provides evidence of overlapping coverage within 15 days of receiving such evidence. CFPB examiners attributed these violations to failure to process proof of insurance and inadequate staffing.
- One or more servicers violated Regulation X requirements regarding the treatment of escrow account shortages and deficiencies. CFPB examiners found that for borrowers with either shortages or deficiencies equal to or greater than one month's escrow payment, the servicers had included a lump sum repayment option in the borrowers' annual account statements, which servicers cannot not require under Regulation X in that scenario.
- Various violations after servicing transfers, including: failing to provide an accurate effective date for the transfer of servicing in the notice of servicing transfer; failing to exercise reasonable diligence to obtain documents and information necessary to complete a loss mitigation application; failing to credit a periodic payment as of the date of receipt; and when acting as a debt collector, failing to provide a validation notice in accordance with the FDCPA's timing requirements. The CFPB noted that its examiners' conclusion that servicers had failed to exercise reasonable diligence was based on the servicers' request for consumers to submit a new application when an application was virtually complete at the time of servicing transfer. The CFP


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Shabti Figure of Djehutyemheb
3269, Shabti Figure of Djehutyemheb, New Kingdom (late 18th-19th Dynasty); c. _PHONE_ B.C.
Material: Indurated limestone; with head of gessoed and painted wood
Dimensions: h. 8 _ in. 21 cm
Unusual because of its composite materials, this shabti figure's body is made of limestone while the head is gessoed and painted wood. It also would have had wooden feet and crossed arms, now lost. His elaborate costume, with pleats and apron, was common on shabtis of the late 18th and 19th Dynasty. Across his apron are several lines of text that identify the owner as Djehutyemheb, 'overseer of cattle in the Temple of Re.'
The apron hieroglyphs also contain an excerpt from the Book of the Dead, an Egyptian funerary text that consisted of over two hundred 'spells' to aid the deceased in their journey through the afterlife.


To dissent is to publicly disagree with an official opinion or decision. Dissent is also a noun referring to public disagreement.
Both verb and noun are often used in reference to a statement by a judge who disagrees with a decision made by other judges. Dissent is also used to refer to political opposition to government policies. The verb derives from Middle English, from Latin dissentire, from the prefix dis- "apart" plus sentire "to feel."
Definitions of dissent
n a difference of opinion
Type of:
the speech act of disagreeing or arguing or disputing
n the act of protesting; a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent
objection, protest
Boston Tea Party
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direct action
a protest action by labor or minority groups to obtain their demands
demonstration, manifestation
the act of walking out (of a meeting or organization) as a sign of protest
protest march
occasion when you can express opposition by marching (usually on some government institution) without a license
civil disobedience
job action
nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, passive resistance
peaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate
refusal to submit to established authority; originally the refusal of Roman Catholics to attend services of the Church of England
Type of:
group action in opposition to those in power
n (law) the difference of one judge's opinion from that of the majority
"he expressed his dissent in a contrary opinion"
Type of:
the speech act of objecting
v be of different opinions
differ, disagree, take issue
agree, concord, concur, hold
be in accord; be in agreement
achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose
show more antonyms...
disagree violently
contradict, contravene, negate
deny the truth of
declare untrue; contradict
v express opposition through action or words
dissent to the laws of the country"
protest, resist
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strike, walk out
stop work in order to press demands
demonstrate, march
march in protest; take part in a demonstration
arise, rebel, rise, rise up
take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
rebel, renegade
break with established customs
serve as pickets or post pickets
make revolution
engage in a mutiny against an authority
Type of:
contradict, controvert, oppose
be resistant to
v withhold assent
"Several Republicans dissented
accede, acquiesce, assent
to agree or express agreement
Type of:
differ, disagree, take issue
be of different opinions


10 Facts About Scallops
You may have eaten a scallop, but do you know exactly what you were eating? You also may have found a brightly-colored scallop shell on the beach. Here you can learn more about this popular seafood - where scallops live, how big they get and how they feed and reproduce.
1. Scallops are animals. Although they may not look like it, scallops are animals. They are in the Phylum Mollusca, a group of animals that also includes snails, sea slugs, octopi, squid, clams, mussels and oysters.
2. Scallops are bivalves. Scallops are in the group of mollusks called the bivalves. These animals have two hinged shells that are formed of calcium carbonate.
3. Scallops can swim. Unlike other bivalves like mussels and clams, most scallops are free-swimming. They swim by clapping their shells quickly, which moves a jet of water past the shell hinge, propelling the scallop forward.
4. Scallops have easily-recognizable shells. When you think of the term "sea shell," a scallop might shell might instantly come to mind. Scallops have fan-shaped shells, often with ridges or ribs. At the bottom of the shell, there are two auricles, or "ears".
5. Scallops have eyes. Scallops have about 60 eyes that line its mantle. These eyes may be a brilliant blue color, and allow the scallop to detect light, dark and motion.
6. Scallops are filter feeders. Scallops eat by filtering small organisms out of the water. As water enters the scallop, mucus traps plankton in the water, and then cilia moves the food into the scallop's mouth.
7. Scallops are found all over the world. Scallops are found worldwide, and they may live from the intertidal zone to the deep sea.
8. Scallops may grow to 9 inches in size. Atlantic sea scallops can have very large shells - up to 9" in length. Bay scallops are smaller, growing to about 4 inches.
9. When you eat a scallop, you're eating the adductor muscle. Scallops swim by opening and closing their shells using their powerful adductor muscle. This muscle is the round, fleshy "scallop" that you eat. The adductor muscle varies in color from white to beige. The Atlantic sea scallop's adductor muscle may be 2 inches in diameter.
10. Scallops reproduce by spawning. Many scallops are hermaphrodites - they have both male and female sex organs. Others are only male or female. Scallops reproduce by spawning - releasing eggs and sperm into the water. Once an egg is fertilized, the young scallop is planktonic, and then settles to the sea floor, attaching to an object with byssal threads. Most scallop species lose this byssus and become free-swimming as they grow.


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Bills create, amend, or repeal law. To become law, a bill must pass the House of Representatives and the Senate by a majority vote of the members-elect in each house. Bills may be introduced by members of the Legislative Assembly, standing committees, or the Legislative Management. A state executive agency or the North Dakota Supreme Court can have bills automatically introduced in the name of the standing committee to which the bill will be referred. House bills begin with the number 1001, and Senate bills begin with the number 2001. The Constitution of North Dakota (Article IV, Section 13) provides that bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly generally take effect August 1 after filing with the Secretary of State. However, certain appropriations and tax measures become effective July 1. The effective date may be later if specifically written into a bill. The effective date may be earlier if the Legislative Assembly declares an "emergency" and the measure receives a two-thirds vote of the members-elect in each house.
Resolutions propose constitutional amendments, express opinions, request actions, congratulate, or console. Resolutions do not have the effect of law. Resolutions are the vehicles used to propose constitutional amendments for voter consideration. Resolutions are used to request an interim study by the Legislative Management on a specific subject. Resolutions frequently express legislative opinion to Congress or other federal offices with regard to federal programs or policies. House concurrent resolutions begin with the number 3001, and Senate concurrent resolutions begin with the number 4001. Concurrent means that a particular resolution must be approved by both the House and Senate. The House or Senate may use resolutions for their own separate business such as memorial resolutions for deceased members, e.g., House Memorial Resolution 7001 and Senate Memorial Resolution 8001.
Session Laws (the popular name for Laws of North Dakota)
Session Laws contain the text of all measures enacted (bills) or adopted (resolutions) by a particular Legislative Assembly. Session Laws also include:
- Constitutional amendments proposed by the Legislative Assembly. Vote totals are provided for those "approved" or "disapproved" since publication of the preceding Session Laws.
- Initiated laws or constitutional amendments and referred bills submitted to voters since publication of the preceding Session Laws (includes vote totals).
- Governor's veto messages.
- Lists of House and Senate members.
- A statewide legislative district map.
Recent Session Laws are online at: _URL_.
Statutes provide written organized law. Since becoming a state in 1889, North Dakota law has been codified as the:
- Revised Codes of 1895.
- Revised Codes of 1899.
- Revised Codes of 1905.
- Compiled Laws of North Dakota 1913, with 1925 supplement.
- North Dakota Revised Code of 1943 with 1947, 1949, 1953, and 1957 supplements.
- North Dakota Century Code.
The North Dakota Century Code is the codification of general and permanent law. The Century Code was published between 1959 and 1960 and was named to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Dakota Territory in 1861.
The Century Code is arranged systematically under broad titles such as Title 23 – Health and Safety, Title 39 – Motor Vehicles, Title 54 – State Government, and Title 65 – Workers Compensation. Laws with specific expiration dates usually are not codified in the Century Code. Following each Legislative Assembly, the Century Code is updated to reflect changes. Volumes are either reprinted or supplemented with a pocket part. Volume 13 of the Century Code contains the United States and the North Dakota Constitutions as well as other historic documents, including the Magna Carta, Articles of Confederation, and Declaration of Independence.
The Century Code is available online at _URL_.
How to Testify Before a North Dakota Legislative Committee
You have the right...
You have the right, as do all citizens, to testify before the North Dakota Legislative Assembly on any bill or resolution.
North Dakota has one of the most open legislatures in the nation. Every bill must have a public hearing before a legislative committee, must be publicly voted upon by the committee, and then must come before the full House or Senate for still another public vote.
Your opportunity to testify on a bill comes at the committee hearing.
Legislative committees meet in rooms on the ground floor or in the legislative wing of the State Capitol. You can come into a committee meeting at any time, even if the door is closed or a hearing is in progress.
Lists of the legislative committees, committee members, and the days and places committees meet are available on this website and at the legislative information kiosk in the hall between the Senate and House chambers. Committee hearing schedules are available on this website and can be viewed on the monitors by the information kiosk and in the hall of the ground floor at the Capitol.
Most current versions of bills and amendments are available on this website. You can also get copies of bills from the Bill and Journal Room. However, if the bill has been amended, the printed bill may not include the amendments.
Hearings Before North Dakota Legislative Committees Are Generally Informal and Few Rules Need Be Observed!
Before the Hearing You Should...
- Find out when and where your bill will be heard. Be on time for the hearing. Usually, once a hearing is closed on a particular bill, no further testimony is heard.
- Plan your testimony. It is not necessary, but it is helpful, to have written copies of your comments available.
- See if other persons will be testifying on your bill. If so, try to coordinate your testimony before the hearing to avoid duplication.
- Contact the Secretary of State's office if you are going to testify on behalf of anyone but yourself to see if you must register as a lobbyist.
At the Hearing You Should...
- Be present at the start of the hearing. All persons present usually get a chance to speak, but sometimes because of large turnouts it is not possible to give everyone a chance to speak. If you do not get a chance to testify, your presence may be acknowledged and you might be asked if you favor or oppose the bill. Also, you can always submit written testimony.
- Sign the witness sheet at the lectern. Give the bill number, whether you favor or oppose the bill, your name, your lobbyist registration number if you have one, and who you represent if other than yourself.
- Wait your turn. The chairman announces the beginning of the hearing on a particular bill. The clerk will read the bill. The first speaker is usually the bill's sponsor. The chairman then asks for testimony first from proponents and then opponents.
- Plan on following the custom (although it is not absolutely necessary) of beginning your remarks by addressing the chairman and committee members, giving your name and address, and why you are there. For example: "Mr. or Madam Chairman and members of the committee, my name is John Q. Public from Edwinton. I'm in favor of this bill because, etc."
- Be brief. Do not repeat what others have said. The hearings are informal so be conversational. Avoid being too technical. Avoid using acronyms or technical references unless you first explain what they mean.
- Do not be nervous or worried about doing something wrong. There are no "rights and wrongs" about testifying. Legislators are just your friends and neighbors who want to hear what you have to say.
- Expect some questions and comments from committee members. These questions are not designed to embarrass you but merely to provide additional information.
- Avoid any clapping, cheering, booing, or other demonstrations.
After the Hearing...
- Some committees vote right after a hearing. Others wait until the end of the meeting. Some postpone voting until another meeting.
- All committee action is public so you can stay to listen to committee debate and its vote even though the public comment portion of the hearing is over.
- One or two days later you can check with the committee clerk, your legislator, or the legislative information kiosk to find out how the committee voted on your bill.
You have a right to testify on any bill before a legislative committee. Legislators want to hear what you have to say.
State law (North Dakota Century Code Chapter 54-05.1) requires most persons to register as lobbyists if they (1) attempt to secure the passage, amendment, or defeat of any legislation by the Legislative Assembly or the approval or veto of any legislation by the Governor; or (2) attempt to influence decisions made by the Legislative Management or by an interim committee of the Legislative Management.
The North Dakota Secretary of State administers the lobbyist registration law. Information on lobbyist registration is available from the Secretary of State.


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UW Sees Decrease In Waste Through Solar-Powered Compost
Only weeks after the new solar-powered recycling, composting, and waste kiosks were stationed in Red Square, there has been a 50 percent drop in the amount of garbage collected each week.
On top of the kiosks are solar panels that collect ambient daylight to charge a battery inside the bin, so the kiosks work 24 hours a day. The BigBelly, the middle kiosk that compacts waste, is anchored on each side by two SmartBellys, which collect information about the containers and send it to a management console. Richard Kennelly, vice president of marketing for BigBelly Solar, the company that created the solar-powered kiosks, said the UW is now the first location in the United States to implement solar-powered composting kiosks with smart technology.
While the old trash cans replaced by BigBelly cost just less than $2,000, the new kiosks, which come as a set of three components for each of the three waste streams, cost approximately $8,000. Emily Newcomer, operations manager of UW Recycling and Solid Waste, said the extra costs of the kiosks are offset by their increased efficiency and avoided disposal costs.
"The technology allows us to know when and where to service the containers," Newcomer said. "Plus, since we are capturing all three waste types, our disposal costs are going down as more material is being diverted from the landfill."
Recycling and Solid Waste members saw the need for more efficient waste disposal after their annual trash-in event last year, when students sort trash, which revealed 61 percent of materials in the garbage were compostable.


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posted on July 26, 2004 00:00
Snow quality may affect the Canadian lynx's ability to kill its prey, according to new research suggesting climate may be impacting one of the most fascinating ecological systems to intrigue biologists for decades. The University of Alberta's Dr. Stan Boutin is part of a research team to study the relationship between the lynx and the snowshoe hare—an interaction that has grave implications on the dynamics of the whole boreal forest.
Boutin teamed up with other researchers from Canada, the United States and Norway—including evolutionary ecologist Nils Stenseth—to study the lynx-hare cycle, and how it related to the overall boreal forest community. Stenseth has previously argued that the 10-year cycle, which means a rise and fall of the hare population followed by a similar pattern of the lynx, differed according to regions of the country and those differences were tied to large-scale climatic patterns.
"The genetics of the lynx are quite different among these Canadian regions and we questioned whether there was some sort of barrier that might stop gene flow," said Boutin, a biologist with the Faculty of Science. "We knew there was nothing physical between eastern and central regions, so we started to speculate that there may be something climate-related that would influence the lynx's ability to prey on snow hares and their propensity to move between regions."
In a paper published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, part of a series of papers already published, the team demonstrated that different snow conditions may, in fact, affect the dynamics of the Canadian lynx.
In particular, surface hardness, as determined by the frequency of warm winter spells control how deep the lynx sinks in the snow. For example, when there are few warm spells, the researchers write, the snow remains fluffy and the lynx sinks deep, whereas its main prey, the snowshoe hare does not sink in the snow and will easily escape under such conditions. But with increasing warm spells, the hares are not able to escape as well.
Boutin has collected rare data on the lynx's ability to kill under different snow conditions for more than 10 years. His team was able to track the type of snow and whether the animal was successful in the kill or not. "This lynx-hare cycle is an amazing phenomenon and it has proven to be a very robust relationship," said Boutin. "If we start to get climate warming and a crusting of the snow without long, deep cold spells, it could change the interaction and disrupt this robust system we're used to seeing."
This cycle forms one of the fundamental pulses in the boreal forest ecosystem. The hare is the prime herbivore in the system and if it were to disappear, it would have major implications to other species like predators and the structure of the plant community would be altered substantially, said Boutin.


ECONS - WGL PAKT Initiative - Evolving Complex Networks
Regional resource management under environmental and demographic change
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WGL PAKT Initiative
ECONS: Evolving Complex Networks
Sketch of ECONS style interdisciplinary networking
ECONS is a joint project of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, the German Institute of Economic Research and the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics. It is sponsored by the Leibniz Association's "Joint Initiative for Research and Innovation".
In this project, "Evolving Complex Networks" (ECONS) form an interdisciplinary connection between various disciplines to for the first time cross-link models from socio-economy, land use, ecology, hydrology and climate in a system-theoretic way. It was shown in recent theoretical research, that ECONS generate a rich variety of structures and provide a qualitatively novel approach for describing large and complex systems such as the human brain or metabolic cycles. Within the ECONS project, this paradigm will for the first time be systematically applied to all relevant aspects of the Earth system. A particular challenge for this application is posed by the diversity and complexity of the subsystems.
The goal is (I) to describe the macroscopic global behavior of the Earth system as well as (II) to resolve and investigate regional developments in land use, ecology and population movements (rural exodus) under the influence of rising energy prices, climate change and an aging society. A crucial aspect is to analyse the stability of the whole coupled system to be able to estimate price stability, profitability and security in case of crisis for different development and decision pathways. Furthermore, feasible strategies for controling the system are to be derived.


text: Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have been introduced into wireless communications systems due to their great potential to smartly customize and reconfigure radio propagation environments in a cost-effective manner. Despite the promising advantages of IRSs, academic research on IRSs is still in its infancy. In particular, the design and analysis of IRS-assisted wireless communication systems critically depend on an accurate and tractable modeling of the IRS. In this article, we first present and compare three IRS models, namely the conventional independent diffusive scatterer-based model, physics-based model, and impedance network-based model, in terms of their accuracy, tractability, and hardware complexity. Besides, a new framework based on partitioning the IRS into tiles and employing codebooks of transmission modes is introduced to enable scalable IRS optimization. Then, we investigate the impact of the three considered IRS models on system design, where several crucial technical challenges for the efficient design of IRS-assisted wireless systems are identified and the corresponding solutions are unraveled. Furthermore, to illustrate the properties of the considered models and the efficiency of the proposed solution concepts, IRS-assisted secure wireless systems and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems are studied in more detail. Finally, several promising future research directions for IRS-assisted wireless systems are highlighted.


text:
On this World Religion Day, New Democrats stand in solidarity with people of all faiths who share a vision for a world in which everyone has the freedom to worship as they choose without fear of persecution—a world in which freedom of religion is protected as a fundamental human right.
The tradition of World Religion Day was initiated by Bahá'ís in 1950 to "to foster the establishment of interfaith understanding and harmony by emphasizing the common denominators underlying all religions."
This day is commemorated to encourage respect and understanding between people of all convictions and as a reminder that the similarities between religions dwarf the differences. Trust in a higher power is a common thread that unites people of faith.
New Democrats enthusiastically support this goal, and have long been champions of the UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, Article 1 of which states that each person "shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include freedom to have a religion or whatever belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in community.


text:
Around the state, researchers are working to restore historic
native flatwoods communities.
The FWC is the lead manager of approximately 1.4 million acres
of land that are part of the FWC's Wildlife Management Area system.
Within the system are large patches of formerly agricultural and
pasture lands. On many of these lands, the native plants were
replaced by exotic grasses, such as bahiagrass and bermudagrass,
which provided feed for cattle.
Around the state, FWRI Habitat Research biologists are working
at 24 individual locations to restore the historic native flatwoods
communities that covered these areas prior to human alteration.
Biologists prepare the site for reseeding by removing exotic
grasses and preparing the soil for planting. To collect the native
seeds, researchers visit other Florida flatwoods communities and
use a specialized piece of equipment called a Woodward Flail-Vac™
to remove seeds from the plants. Back at the restoration site,
researchers use a Grasslander Seeder™ pulled behind a tractor to
deposit the seeds into the soil.
By eliminating the exotic groundcover and replacing it with a
functional native groundcover that is typical of a flatwoods
ecosystem, researchers hope to enhance wildlife habitat and
ecosystem functions. Habitat Research staff members will monitor
each site for five years in order to track changes in the plant
community and to evaluate the site with respect to the restoration


Mystery bird: tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus
This neotropical mystery bird is a tyrant flycatcher, a group of birds whose name seems to forewarn birders of its confusingly (tyrannically?) similar family members
Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus, also known as Azara's kingbird, Lichtenstein's kingbird, the Gray (Grey)-headed kiskadee, melancholy kingbird, the west Mexican kingbird and the yellow kingbird, photographed at Galveston County, Texas (USA).
Image: Joseph Kennedy, 14 May 2011 [velociraptorize].
Question: This North American mystery bird is part of a group of birds that tend to be so cryptic and difficult-to-identify that their name seems to allude to this quality. Can you name this group and tell me which species this is (and why you think it is that species)?
Since Pete Moulton asked for a recording of the bird's voice, here you go:
Now, if you're really ambitious, tell me what species of bird is calling in the background of this recording!
Response: This is an adult tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus, a member of the Tyrannidae, or tyrant flycatchers. Tyrant flycatchers are very difficult to distinguish, even when in-hand, so it requires a variety of morphological, behavioural, geographic and aural clues to make a reasonable identification, and even then, one must be satisfied to realise that it is simply not possible to identify all tyranids in all seasons and in all places -- something that also is true for all bird species.
But generally, tropical kingbirds can often be distinguished from several confusingly similar tyranids: (1) Cassin's kingbird, T. vociferans, has a darker gray head, back and breast (mostly not visible in this image) which make a stronger contrast with its white throat, and a white tip to its tail; (2) western kingbird, T. verticalis, has white outer edges on its black tail (not easily visible in this image), a grayer breast and a smaller bill. Which leaves us with Couch's kingbird, T. couchii, an almost identical species that was recently split from the tropical kingbird. These two species are best distinguished by voice, thus the song recording that Pete Moulton requested to make sure he'd gotten the correct ID.
Now to answer my "extra" question regarding the recording: the bird calling in the background is a ferruginous pygmy-owl, Glaucidium brasilianum.
twitter: _USER_


18th, Chavez talked about the coalition movement. She spoke about a re-imagining of belonging, where queer politics and immigration policy meet. Much of her discussion was on the Dream Act. The Dream Act has many parallels to queer LGBT movements with the idea of "coming out". The concept was that the knowledge of coming out will compel change. The primary goal of the Dream Act, however, was singular, focusing only on the passing of the act. This ignored the intersectionality and layers of power/categories that are related to the issues the act addresses. Although word about the act was vast, media was manipulated and much discussion was on this topic, in the end the Dream Act failed to pass.
During the Q&A time Chavez explained her perspective of coalitions. She stated that if one is not shaken to the bone then they are not participating fully in a coalition. She spoke about how coalitions are about pushing boundaries. One thing that really resided with me while listening to Chavez and the other panel members was when someone asked how to create a coalition that expanded to a larger culture and how is it possible to create possibilities for social change. What Morris discussed ignited thoughts to flame in my mind. He responded by saying how the education curriculum needs to be manipulated for change; how this change can also be achieved through legislation. That the seed bed of interest that was planted in the past must be attended to and we must "trouble the notion of socialization". What are ways we can trouble the idea of socialization when so many systems are institutionalized and influential? Do you trouble socialization? Have you ever?
News from our Families
Chavez's talk about "News from our Families: at the Borders Talk" featured Dr. Daniel Brauer, Dr. Charles Morris. This talk addressed the LGBT adoption, sexual orientation, military service; hate crime law, call for immigration equality, a change in anti-discrimination laws against LGBT people and also a call for coalition. These speakers were able to discuss the pain and oppression faced by gay, lesbians, and undocumented workers by presenting stories regarding HIV positive born child with two gay parents, military services against homosexuality, and so on. For instance, Dr. Morris was able to discuss this hardship in details sharing with us a news story that featured a boy born with HIV with two gay men as parents. With this story, he was able to discuss the rejections faced by these two gay men to serve as a parent and how it eventually became a positive influence on the community after the child died. These speakers were also able to discuss how homosexuality is viewed as a degrading act among military men and women. Also how they viewed homosexuality as an act that would create an acceptable risk to the high standard of moral and discipline that are the essence of military capability.
At the end of their talks, they were able to call for a need for belonging that "calls us to reckon with the ways in which we are oppressed so that we may place ourselves where we can have an impact and where we can share experience". They discussed a need for a "change for legalization not acceptance". They also encouraged the audience to share their stories because "our lives and stories serve as a tool for political change".
Whose University?
From my understanding the Whose University event is about promoting equal access and opportunities for underrepresented groups at the University of Minnesota. This issue has arose because the space designated for certain cultural centers in second floor Coffman Union are being threatened. This event was designed to bring visibility to these issues and put pressure on the administration to listen to the students, the people whose lives are affected by these changes.
I attended the 3:00 presentation featuring various dance and step groups. There was a live DJ and a light party mood throughout the room. The event starts with two men from a fraternity doing some sort of step dance and chant. Each of the speakers had an uplifting message that "our" [student] voices matter; it seemed basically like a rally for change. For example, one of the rapper's rapped,"we need choices, we need justice, we need action." At one point leaders of certain groups spoke about the need for student voices to be heard, and even more importantly the voice of the underrepresented. I thought this event was a breath of fresh air because it showed students doing something to get their voices heard. The men up on top may think they have all the power but the students that go to this school and study here should have a say. I think the students who organized Whose University showed just that.
DE for april 20


How does your chain get the back-step value when a new block is calculated? A specially protected back-step generator was invented to calculate the required values. Of course we cannot break the rules of mathematics, but with a few ideas you can pre-calculate the required value just in time.
The back-step blockchain produces a finite number of blocks. The number is a configuration parameter and you can define before you run the chain the first time. This number can be very, very huge. A blockchain for a bank may run for 20 years and generate 5000 blocks every second before it runs out of values.
Before you use the chain the first time it runs through all values, using a dedicated hardware. At certain points checkpoint values are recorded in a non-volatile memory. When the generator reaches the end, just after the last checkpoint a cleverly designed volatile back-step cache is used to cache the values soon needed. While blocks are generated, the generator refills the cache automatically.
HW product suitable for back-step blockchains
A reference design uses 32 kB of volatile cache RAM and 3 MB of flash. The recipe includes a FPGA chip with our specially programmed hardware logic. A dedicated security chip and a low power CPU with USB controller completes our recipe. Now comes a lot of programming to implement a lot of logic into a small piece of hardware. As long as back-step values are not used in blocks they are secret. Security and speed were the motivation why we produce the Back-Step Blockchain as a hardware product.
See how we stop the bad guy.


text:
Write a compound inequality to represent:
a) All numbers greater than -1 and less than or equal to 39 then display the inequality on a number line.
b) The flowers in the garden are 6 inches or taller or shorter than 3 inches. Display the inequality on a number line.
If there's something you don't understand about this answer, can you explain what it is?


Chegg Guided Solutions for Water Resources Engineering 2nd Edition: Chapter 18.3
Chapter: Problem:
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 - Step 1 of 1
 6534-18.3-1P AID: 1825 | 08/02/2013
 Find the critical shear stress by using the formula
 Denote Specific weight of sediment particle as, Specific weight of water as, Specific gravity as g, Sand size as, Critical shear stress as, and actual shear stress as
 Use the shields formula to compute from shields diagram
 From shields diagram the value is taken as 0.065
 Find the critical shear stress by substituting the values of 2.65 for, for
 Therefore, the critical shear stress is
 Find the actual shear stress using the formula
 Denote Depth of wide rectangular channel as y (R=y)
 Find the actual shear stress by substituting the values of 2.5 m for R, 9810 kg/m3 for γ, and 0.0003 for S
 Therefore, the actual shear stress is
 The actual shear stress is much larger than the critical shear stress; transport of the fine sand particles is expected.
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text:
Drastic changes to travel behavior during the pandemic have decreased fuel tax revenue in many states, but the extent and timing of financial recovery in the years to come remain uncertain. New research from the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), "The Impact of the COVID-19 Recovery on California Transportation Revenue: A Scenario Analysis through 2040," estimates the impact the COVID-19 pandemic would have on state-generated transportation revenue under six potential economic recovery scenarios, projecting the state's future transportation revenue through 2040.
The six scenarios vary by several variables, including the length of the economic downturn and differences in transportation trends such as vehicle miles traveled (VMT), light-duty fleet size, and the mix of internal-combustion engine (ICE) vs. zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). The study used a tested spreadsheet model and well-known data sources to project transportation revenues generated by California's Senate Bill 1 (2017) package of taxes and fees. These are taxes on gasoline and diesel fuel, plus two annual fees levied on vehicles.
While there is no certainty that the future will resemble any of the chosen scenarios, they nevertheless help state leaders assess and design policies to achieve desired outcomes.
The study's revenue projections under these six scenarios found that:
- The projections demonstrate that annual California transportation revenue by 2040 could range from as little as $6.5 billion to as much as $10.9 billion.
- The projected cumulative revenue raised between 2020 and 2040 varies across the scenarios by more than $40 billion.
- In 2020, taxes on fuels will generate roughly three-quarters of state generated transportation revenue but will likely generate a much smaller percentage of overall revenue by 2040 (in four of the six scenarios, they generate less than a quarter of revenues).
"The findings highlight the need for California's policy leader to prepare a long-term strategy for raising adequate transportation revenues that take into account the wide variation that will arise," says Principal Investigator Dr. Asha W. Agrawal.
Researchers suggest that in order to achieve its policy goals of reducing carbon emissions from the transportation sector, California's policymakers may wish to change the structure of taxes to replace the revenue lost from fuel taxes. For instance, the research team suggests supplementing the existing tax structure with a new road-user charge of one cent per mile.


text:
The mission of the Church of Unconditional Love is to educate and help as many people as possible to empower themselves by learning to connect to the power of unconditional love, and to use that power to make changes in their own lives as well as the world around them.
Church of Unconditional Love - Foundation Beliefs:
1. Everything - living and non-living - is an expression of one power.
2. Unconditional love is what the power of the universe feels like; when we are connected to that power, we feel unconditional love.
3. Every person has the innate potential to learn to live in a state of unconditional love, using the practices of this church.
4. The power of unconditional love can be aimed at all problems and challenges, as well as other people; and it will transform, just as light transforms darkness.
5. In order to see change, we need to love what is - exactly as it is - that is where the real power lies.
6. The state of unconditional love is the most powerful state a person can embody; and it is possible to live in this state, through practice.
7. Every individual, in any given moment, is trying to feel better.
8. Every individual is unconsciously creating their own life experiences; therefore, the answer to all problems and challenges lies inside the person experiencing them. Each person, unknowingly, has the power to change their experiences by learning to use that power.


text:
Bird Removal Solutions in Mississauga, Ontario
It goes without saying that birds play an essential role in our natural environments. They keep ecosystems in balance and contribute to our enjoyment of the outdoors. They can also become destructive pests. Their adaptability and sheer numbers in urban areas like Toronto, Mississauga and Scarborough means we encounter them daily. In fact, birds cause millions of dollars in property damage annually to both homes and businesses. Human interaction with birds can even result in serious health concerns.
Common Bird Problems in the Toronto Area
Birds become pests when they nest in and around our properties. At ICE, we have experience removing and controlling many types of birds including: pigeons, Canada Geese, seagulls, woodpeckers, sparrows and starlings. Some of the more typical nesting sites to watch for include exhaust vents leading to the bathroom or kitchen, soffits and roof lines leading directly into the attic. Problems that can be caused by birds in or around a facility include:
- Roof and structural damage
- Blocked ventilation systems
- Food contamination
- Damage to automobile finishes
Urban birds can also create many health issues, including:
- Diseases and bacteria present in bird droppings and nests such as salmonella and E.coli
- 'Blood feeding insects' found in bird nests such as mites, fleas, ticks and lice
Trust us for Effective Bird Removal in Mississauga & Surrounding Areas
Our trained technicians will humanely remove all birds, nesting materials and debris prior to replacing vents or sealing the entry points. In some situations we may install our one-way door system in order to assist in removal as we do with our wildlife. If you're in need of bird removal, look no further than our technicians who serve Mississauga, Toronto, Richmond Hill, and surrounding areas.
A complete cleaning and disinfecting of the contaminated area is done to eliminate odourand mites. If the problem is extreme, we may suggest additional services such as hazmat cleaning and eavestrough cleaning.
In order for bird removal and prevention to be effective in Mississauga, it is important that we look at sealing, screening, spiking, netting and other humane methods to keep pest birds away from your home or business. Our technicians will work with you to develop a program that meets your requirements, and ensures effective bird removal and control.
Laws Protecting Canada Geese & Their Impact on Bird Removal
The Canada Geese are a migratory bird, protected under Canadian law by the Migratory Birds Convention Act. The Canadian Wildlife Service, part of Environment Canada, manages wildlife matters that are the responsibility of the federal government, including protection and management of migratory birds. ICE works in conjunction with the Canadian Wildlife Service to ensure the safe removal in accordance to these laws. Environment Canada has produced this PDF with more information on how farmers and land owners can mitigate the settling of Canada Geese on their property.
Looking for Bird Removal Services in Mississauga, Ontario?
ICE provides professional bird removal services in Toronto, Mississauga, Burlington, Oakville, North York, and surrounding areas of the GTA. With over 25 years of proven, environmentally-friendly practices, we have become the recognized and trusted choice for wildlife control. We focus not only on removing the bird from your property, but also educating your family or staff about preventative steps for the future.
We will begin by providing you with a free quote and then visiting your property to determine the extent of the problem. From there, we can provide our recommendations and help you eliminate the bird problem that exists.


(Europa.EU) QuantERA Consortium is pleased to announce the Call for Proposals in Quantum Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies: QuantERA Co-funded Call 2021.
QuantERA II ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies (QT) is a consortium of national and regional Research Funding Organisations supporting QT research. QuantERA II is supported by the EU Future and Emerging Technologies programme (FET). The funding organisations of QuantERA II jointly support European multilateral research projects with the potential to initiate or foster new lines of QT through collaborations exploring advanced multidisciplinary science and/or cutting-edge engineering.
The submitted proposals are expected to be aligned with one of the two QuantERA cofunded call 2021 topics:
1. Quantum Phenomena and Resources (QPR);
2. Applied Quantum Science (AQS).
The funded projects in both topics are expected to address one or more of the following areas:
1. Quantum communication;
2. Quantum simulation;
3. Quantum computation;
4. Quantum information sciences;
5. Quantum metrology sensing and imaging.
The project consortia must involve a minimum of 3 eligible partners requesting funding in at least 3 of the following participating countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey.
Indicative timeline:
Deadline for outline proposals: May 13th, 2021, 17.00 CET
Deadline for full proposals (for invited applicants): September 15th, 2021, 17.00 CET
Call results: December 2021
Earliest funded project start: January/February 2022
QuantERA Coordinator: National Science Centre (NCN), Poland Coordination Office, e-mail: _EMAIL_
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