text:
p is lower, the 3p is lower, etc. The energies of those states are all lower.
Why? Because of the charge on the nucleus. That potential energy of interaction is greater because the charge on the nucleus is larger. That greater potential energy of interaction lowers the energy of the states.
It makes those electrons more strongly bound.
Starting with helium, all of these energies are lower than those in the hydrogen atom. That is the first difference. The second difference is you can see now that the 2s state is lower in energy than the 2p state.
The degeneracy between 2s and 2p in a hydrogen atom is lifted or is broken as we say.
Likewise, the 3s state is lower in energy than the 3p state, than the 3d state. The degeneracy in those states is lifted or it is broken.
That is now what we have to talk about, why that is the case. Why is 2s, for example, lower in energy than 2p? And the reason for this has to do with the phenomenon called shielding.
We have to talk about this phenomena shielding, and we have to talk about how that leads to a concept called effective charge.
But to do that, I am going to do the following. I am going to realize that each one of these energies here, E sub nl, so now these energies are labeled by both the principle quantum number and the angular momentum quantum number.
I am going to realize that these energies here physically are minus the ionization energy because these energies are minus the energy it is going to require to rip the electron off from that particular state.
And I am going to set those binding energies equal to a hydrogen atom like energy level here.
And now I am going to use the board and explain that just a little bit more.
I said these energies, which are now a function of n and l, they are minus the ionization energy from that nl state.
And I am going to approximate that as a hydrogen atom kind of an energy scheme.
That is, I am going to set this equal to R sub H, the Rydberg constant over n squared. Out here there is going to be a Z, but this Z is going to be Z effective, Zeff.
And it is going to be squared, of course.
And that Z is going to depend on that particular nl state that you are in. This Z effective here is the effective nuclear charge. It is not the nuclear charge. It is the effective nuclear charge.
Why? Well, because of shielding.
Let's try to explain that. Let's take helium. Z is equal to plus 2e. We have plus 2e here, and let's do a thought experiment in that we are going to take electron number two here and place it kind of close to this plus 2 charged nucleus.
And then we are going to have electron number one way out here.
In this case, with electron number one way out here, the nuclear charge that electron number one experiences, because it is so far out, kind of looks like a plus one charge.
Because this electron, on the average, is canceling one of the positive charges on the nucleus.
So, the effective charge here for this electron way out there we are going to say is plus one. If that is the case, well, then the binding energy of that electron is one squared times R sub H over n squared.
We are going to consider n equal one because we are going to talk about the ground state of the helium atom here.
But you know what this value is going to turn out to be. It is going to turn out to be minus 2.180 times 10 to the minus 18 joules. That is the binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom. This is a thought experiment now.
This is helium, this is just one electron way out here, and it cannot discriminate too well between the nucleus and this electron so the overall effective charge it sees is plus one.
But now we take the other case. The other extreme case is we are going to bring in electron one really close to the nucleus.
And electron two is way out here such that it does not do anything as far as this electron is concerned.
And so this electron, in this case, is experiencing the total nuclear charge on the nucleus. And so we say in this thought case here, with this electron really close, that the effective charge is equal to plus 2e for this electron.
Well, if that is the case, we can calculate the binding energy of this electron.
And that is going to be 2 squared R sub H over one squared. We can plug in our sub H. And we are going to get minus 8.72 times 10 to the minus 18 joules.
What this is, is the binding energy of an electron in helium plus.
And so, in this extreme case, with the electron really close, that is the binding energy. With this extreme case, with the electron way far out, this is the binding energy. This is total shielding.
This case is no shielding.
The electron is much more strongly bound. The reality is that the binding energy of an electron in helium is somewhere in between. That is, the ionization energy for helium, for an electron in now neutral helium here, is 3.94 times 10 to the minus 18 joules.
Somewhere in between this extreme case of total shielding and this extreme case of no shielding at all.
And that is because, on the average, there is another electron in between that electron and the nucleus.
And we can calculate the effective charge then from the experimental binding energies by just taking this expression and rearranging it.
I am going to solve that expression for the effective charge, Zeff. And, when I do that that, of course, is n squared times the ionization energy over the Rydberg constant.
N squared is going to be one because we are talking about the ground state.
The ionization energy, I said, was 3.94 times 10 to the minus 18 joules. The Rydberg constant is 2.180 times 10 to the minus 18 joules. In the end, I find an effective charge here of plus 1.34.
Again, why is that the case? Well, because here is my electron, here is my helium nucleus and, just on the average, between this electron and the nucleus there is always another electron around.
This electron kind of partially shields this nuclear charge.
It partially shields it so that we calculated, from using this scheme and using the experimental ionization energies, an effective charge of 1.34.
So, now we sort of understand shielding and effective charge. That is a square root, thank you.
All right. Now we have to use this idea of effective charge and shielding to understand why the 2s state is lower in energy than the 2p state.
And here comes that.
Let's think about the lithium atom. The electron confirmation of lithium is 1s2 2s1. The electron configuration of lithium is not 1s2 2p1. Why? Because 2s is lower in energy than 2p.
But why is that the case? Well, to look at that, we have to look at the radial probability distribution functions for 2s and 2p.
Here is a radial probability distribution function for 2s. Here is the radial probability distribution function for 2p.
Now you have to do a thought experiment here.
In this 2s radial probability distribution function, what you see is that there is some finite probability of the electron in the 2s state being really close to the nucleus.
For the sake of the argument here, I am going to say that for this part of the probability distribution function the effective charge Zeff is going to be plus 3e.
I mean, that is an exaggeration because obviously we have some s electrons. But for the sake of this argument, I am going to say the effective charge for this part of the probability distribution function is plus 3e.
For this part of the probability distribution function for 2s that is much further out. And I have those 1s electrons closer in. So, for the sake of this argument, I am going to say that these s electrons completely shield the nuclear charge.
And so, the effective charge for this part of the distribution is plus 1e.
Now, what about 2p? Well, in the case of 2p, you can see that this 2p wavefunction, although it is a little bit closer in, for the most part it is about in the same place as the second lobe here of the 2s wavefunction.
We are going to say that this effective charge is plus 1e, just like this lobe of the 2s wavefunction.
But now, to get the kind of total effective charge, I am going to have to take the effective charge and average it over this probability distribution function. And so, since in the 2s function I am going to average over a part that has a plus 3 effective charge and a part that has a plus 1 effective charge.
Well, if I average over that that is going to be larger than the effective charge of this 2p wavefunction because the 2p everywhere is plus one.
The effective charge here for the 2s is going to be greater on the average than for the 2p.
Because of this part of the probability distribution function, this part that is really close to the nucleus where the electrons can feel more of the nuclear charge or experience more of the nuclear


What to do one hour before bedtime to help your child wake up energetic ready for school
Posted on September 25, 2016
Get your child ready for school taking these simple steps to improve their quality of sleep. To do this, you may want to consider kiwi fruit.
Here's why:
Researchers in Taiwan took adults over age 20 and had them eat two kiwi fruit everyday one hour before bedtime. They did this each day for four weeks. At the end of four weeks, the adults were able to stay asleep for longer and their sleep quality improved.
Here are steps that you can take:
1) Talk to your doctor and ask if kiwi is okay.
2) If kiwi is not a problem, ask your doctor what amount is okay to eat each day.
3) Think about your child's normal daily pre-bedtime routine and ask yourself between which activities will you be able to fit in the kiwi.
4) Go to the grocer and buy kiwi fruit. There are several varieties. Your child may prefer golden kiwi because it's sweeter than other kiwi.
5) THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT: Check for any food allergies by only eating a very tiny amount in the first week. Kiwifruit contains naturally occurring actinidin, salicylate, and amines. Children are much more likely to have food allergy than adults and more likely to have more severe allergic reactions than adults. So go slow when introducing new foods.
6) If no food allergies, you can consider gradually increase the amount over time.
Effect of kiwifruit consumption on sleep quality in adults with sleep problems
Find out things you can do beyond steroid creams to improve sleep and reduce night time scratching and flare-ups
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The information posted here should not be considered medical advice, and is not intended to replace consultation by a qualified physician.
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How Do Monkeys Smell?
Monkeys smell like wild animals. Monkeys live in jungles, so they smell like earth and dirt. Monkeys clean each other of bugs and mites.
Q&A Related to "How Do Monkeys Smell"
Like humans, monkeys possess sweat glands, and regulate body temperature by exuding evaporative fluid out pores in their skin.
There are many different types of monkeys. If they are well cared for, they smell like
Run down to the zoo, ask for the primate area. Then lift thy nose, sniff, and ye shall find out for thyself. Source(s): as a former zookeeper, honestly, they pretty much smell like
I didn't read anything you wrote heres how I do it I click reply then stroll down as far as possible without even glancing at what you write so you wrote all that in vain you nosey
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because they throw their excretes...
u smell....


text:
Homemaker Figures were the figures used to represent people within various Homemaker sets from 1974 through 1982. They are comprised of a head piece and one of several different types of hair pieces, with the rest of the body usually built from basic System bricks.
These figures came before the minifigures. The first minifigure was released four years later in 600 Police Car in 1978. After their introduction, minifigures were used together with Homemaker figures to represent a baby or a doll.
- Some hair parts (man, woman) can be assembled in two configurations because they have two front sides, enabling to change the hair dressing with the same part (turning it). This allows, with the same part, to have both the boy and the man hair dressing, or the girl and woman hair parts. Two examples are given below:
- The arms could be made of several lengths (1 or two) because they are made of several parts. This helps to recognize adults (double length) from kids (single length).
- The arm parts have been used later for other purposes, like for the arms of 6880 Surface Explorer or the 6822 Space Shuttle. In this new usage the arms have been replaced with grippers, for instance. The colors have moved from vivid colours (blue, yellow, red) for clothes to technical colours (grey, white) for arms and technical systems.
- The head has three attachments, two on the side (ears) one on the top. Hair pieces are fixed on the two hears, hats on the top.
|LEGO FiguresSystem Scale:
Minifigure | LEGOLAND Minifigure | Mini-doll figure | Animal DUPLO Scale: DUPLO Figure | Fabuland Figure | QUATRO Figure Doll Scale: Belville Figure | TECHNIC Figure | Scala Figure | Homemaker Figure Other: Microfigure | Micro Mob | 4+ Figure

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names and their Origin
Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names and their Origin, 1st Edition
In English (with definitions)
Elsevier's Dictionary of Plant Names and their Origin, 1st Edition,D.C. Watts,ISBN9780444503565
Elsevier Science
Print Book
In Stock
Estimated Delivery Time
USD 350.00
The dictionary contains about 30,000 vernacular and literary English names of plants (plus a few American), both wild and cultivated, with their botanical name and a brief account of the names' meaning if known. It was conceived as part of the author's wider interest in plant and tree lore, and ethnobotanical studies.
Knowledge of plant names can give insight into largely forgotten beliefs. Why for example is, or was, the common red poppy known as "Blind Man"? An old superstition has it that if the poppy were put to the eyes it would cause blindness. Such names were probably the result of some taboo against picking the plant. Similarly, other names were likely to have been applied as a result of a country mother's warning to her children against eating poisonous berries. For the warning carries more weight when the name given to the berry reinforces the warning. Many such plants or fruits may be ascribed to the devil, Devil's Berries for Deadly Nightshade is an example.
Names may also be purely descriptive, and can also serve to explain the meaning of the botanical name. Beauty-Berry is an example: it is the name given to the American shrub that belongs to the genus Callicarpa, which is made up of two Greek words that mean beauty and berry.
Literary, or "book" names, have also been included in this dictionary, as being a very important part of the whole. Many of them provide links in the transmission of words through the ages. Thor's Beard, for example, is a book name for "houseleek", and has never been used in the dialect. But it highlights the legend that houseleek is a lightning plant, and by reverse logic is a preserver from fire.
D.C. Watts
Affiliations and Expertise
Bath, UK
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_USER_:...This dictionary contains about 30,000 vernacular and British names of plants with the goal to summarise British 'plant and tree lore'....The sheer size of the undertaking, but also that the book is such a meticulous piece of scholarly work is very impressive and makes the book a unique and very useful source of information on British plants....It is of interest to anyone doing research on British plants, their history and current use and to linguists and other scholars focusing on the British language.
_USER_:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Gravity (Part 3)
17 teachers like this lesson
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SWBAT explain the forces that act on an object on a slope and the acceleration that results and create a model representing motion on a slope in a velocity over time graphs.
Big Idea
Motion on a slope can be difficult to explain. This lesson makes it easy to understand.
Getting Started
Our world is seldom completely level; more often than not objects are moving in more complex ways. In this lesson students expand their understanding of motion by looking for patterns in how a ball moves up and down a slope.
Goals for the lesson
 - Understand the forces that act on an object on a slope and the acceleration that results.
 - Understand how to represent motion on a slope in a velocity over time graph.
 - Understand where F=ma is in motion on a slope.
 - Ball
 - Ramp
 - Masking tape
 - Spring scale
 - Sandwich bag, clip, string
 - Computers, transparencies, pens
5 minutes
Ask students to think about the following scenario.
Imagine, a car parked on a hill. In your journal create a diagram adding all the forces and their corresponding vectors for this scenario. When you are finished, turn and talk to your neighbor about your ideas.
If you have individual whiteboards, you might want to use those for students to record their ideas then have them hold up the diagrams and share with the class.
Do not correct any misconceptions at this time. Simply engage students in thinking about the focus for this lesson.
20 minutes
Students investigate Gravity: Motion on a Slope (part 3), using the following four scenarios:
 1. Ball rolling down the shallow ramp from the starting point.
 2. Ball rolling up the shallow ramp to the starting point and back down.
 3. Ball rolling down the steep ramp from the starting point.
 4. Ball rolling up the steep ramp to the starting point and back down.
Setup: Mark a "starting line" about 3/4 of the way up each ramp with a piece of masking tape. This is better than using a pen since you can move it if you need to.
They need to create two ramps, one steeper than the other. The greater the difference between the ramps, the more they will be able to see a difference in the ball's motion.
Find two wedges—one thin and the other thick (e.g., a regular book and a 3-ring binder book)—to lift the top of the ramp. You may want to tape the end of the ramp to the table so it doesn't slip out of place when you make it more or less steep.
Students begin with predictions in their investigation of the scenarios.
Predict the motion of the ball by drawing a strobe picture.
 - What is the pattern of the ball's motion?
 - Is its velocity constant? If not, how does its velocity change?
Make a prediction of how the velocity of the ball will compare across the different situations.
For example, how will the velocity of the ball on the steep ramp compare with the velocity of the ball on the shallow ramp? If you roll the ball up the ramp and it rolls back down, how will its velocity at the bottom of the ramp compare to when it just rolls down?
Act out the situations. Compare what happens to the ball with their predictions.They may have to try a few times before they are able to roll the ball accurately up to the starting point.
In their journals:
 For each of the four situations:
 - Draw a force diagram indicating the forces with vectors.
 - Diagrams should include at least gravity and normal force; remember that normal force is perpendicular to a surface, not necessarily perpendicular to gravity.
 - If the forces change at some point in the scenario, you may need to draw more than one force diagram. Where is F=ma in each diagram?
10 minutes
After students have explored the various ramp investigations, have them view and create diagrams for the videos. Two of the videos are of balls rolling down the ramp at two different inclinations (Down Shallow Ramp VideoDown Steep Ramp Video) and the other two videos are of the ball rolling up and back down the same two ramps (Up & Down Shallow Ramp VideoUp & Down Steep Ramp Video).
For each video students should:
 1. Compare their predictions and investigation observations.
 2. Draw a velocity-over-time graph for each of the situations. For these graphs, use the convention "up the ramp" as the positive direction, and "down the ramp" as the negative direction.
 3. Annotate graphs by labeling important points, e.g., the "top" of the ball's trip up the ramp.
To get more information about the forces influencing the ball's motion:
1. Up/down motion forces:
 - Measure the weight (force of gravity) on the ball in a vertical position using a spring scale. Place the ball in a sandwich baggie and suspend from the spring scale.
2. Slope motion forces:
 - Measure the force with the spring scale when the ball is resting on the ramp.
 - How does the spring scale reading change as the angle of the ramp changes? What is the reading when the ramp is flat on the ground?
 - How does this help explain the ball/ramp motion data you have collected?
The Free Body Diagram - Incline Plane video, while aimed more towards high school students, does a nice job explaining how to construct forebode diagrams on a slope.
10 minutes
To summarize the lesson, ask students to explain their ideas by discussing the following questions with their lab mates.
 - How does the ball's motion on the steep ramp compare to its motion on the shallow ramp?
 - What relation does a ball rolling up a slope and back down have to a ball being tossed up and falling down?
 - Where are the natural ramps you encounter every day? Explain this ramp in terms of force.


text:
It depends in what context you mean but basically streaming data is analagous to asynchronous data. Take the Web as an example. The Web (or HTTP specifically) is (basically) a request-response mechanism in that a client makes a request and receives a response (typically a Web page of some kind).
HTTP doesn't natively support the ability for servers to push content to clients. There are a number of ways this can be faked, including:
- Polling: forcing the client to make repeated requests, typically inconspicuously (as far as the client is concerned);
- Long-lived connections: this is where the client makes a normal HTTP request but instead of returning immediately the server hangs on to the request until there's something to send back. When the request times out or a response is sent th eclient sends another request. In this way you can fake server push;
- Plug-ins: Java applets, Flash, Silverlight and others can be used to achieve this.
Anything where the server effectively sends data to the client (rather than the client asking for it)--regardless of the mechanism and whether or not the client is polling for that data--can be characterised as streaming data.
With non-HTTP transports (eg vanilla TCP) server push is typically easier (but can still run afoul of firewalls and th elike). An example of this might be a sharetrading application that receives market information from a provider. That's streaming data.
How do you detect it? Bit of a vague question. I'm not really sure what you're getting at.


text:
Craft a "Recycled" Angel Tree Topper
This "recycled" angel may use old materials, but it will be a brand new addition to your family's holiday decoration lineup! Show your little one how to craft this adorable angel out of an ordinary soda bottle as the tree topper for this year's Christmas tree. As your family receives a cherished new holiday keepsake, your child will fine tune his creativity, fine motor skills, and ability to follow directions!
What You Need:
- 2-liter bottle
- Scrap material
- Glue dots
- Glitter (optional)
- A doll head
What You Do:
- Have your child read through all the instructions out loud so that you both know what needs to be done, and ask your child if she has any questions before you begin.
- Cut off the bottle portion of the 2-liter bottle, so that the bottle creates a cone that can go over the top of your Christmas tree. Cutting through a plastic bottle can be dangerous, so it is best for an adult to do this portion of the project.
- Use the scrap of material to drape around the bottle, so it looks like a loose fitting gown. Your child is free to choose the color of material and how long the gown is. An old t-shirt is great for this project! Your child can wrap the material around the bottle until he is happy with how it looks, and then can cut it down as necessary.
- Once the material is arranged the way your child wants it, hold the material in place as he glues it to the back of the bottle. Using glue dots will enable your child to easily attach the material without having to wait long for the glue to dry.
- Invite your child to draw angel wings onto the cardboard. If he wishes, he can practice on scrap paper first.
- Use a sharp pair of scissors to cut out the wings your child drew.
- Once the wings are cut out, instruct your child to go ahead and paint them. White, yellow, and gold are common traditional colors, but he can choose any color he likes!
- To achieve an extra sheen, invite your child to sprinkle glitter over the glue while it is still wet.
- While your child waits for the wings to dry, he can use the glue dots to glue the doll head to the top of the 2-liter bottle (just above the neckline of the material).
- Once the paint on the wings is dry, your child is free to glue the wings to the back of the angel.
One of the many great things about this project is that it really allows your child to get creative! Your child has the opportunity to decide on the color or pattern of the material, the type of doll head to use, the length of the dress, as well as the color and style of the wings.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Cartographica 1.4 can send information along to a WFS server in order to limit the amount of information which is sent back to it. However, this functionality requires knowledge of both the layer information and a bit of how WFS works as well. The additional filter information can be pasted directly into the Filter box in the window and will be passed along to the WFS server as part of the retrieval instructions.
The specifics of what field names, values, and operations are allowed will be dependent upon your particular WFS server, but here is an example that we have used in-house to give you an idea of what these look like:
To break this down, the server is to look at the property named "DATE_" and compare it to only allow features which have values greater than '2012-09-15'.
More complex filters are also allowed, basically anything that can be formed with valid WFS, however, they can get complex to format. Here is an example of a filter which looks at the "DATE_" field from above, and also looks at the "SOURCE" field and requires it to be equal to "BIC".
It's not simple, but it is effective.


text:
How To Talk To Your Daughter About Starting Their Period
The unknown can be really scary. By speaking to your child about their period, PMS, and period products before their cycle starts, you can tackle any stigma they may have picked up and answer any questions.
Parents and caregivers should talk about periods expectations, what to do, what to expect. Emphasize that this is normal and that every goes through it, says Dr. Twogood. Encourage them to ask questions and provide solid information. If you don't know the answer to a question, say so.
Body and period stigmas still exist in the world today, and your teen may have picked up some of this. But by speaking openly about the changes theyll go through, you can make it a positive thing. Dr. Twogood says its important to normalize periods. Avoid derogatory terms and slang that make it seem dirty or something to be ashamed of.
And you dont have to go into this conversation alone. Use educational tools to help your child understand.
Its also worth considering the practicalities. Your daughter might not be with you when they start their period, so would they like to start carrying period products, just in case? By being so open about periods, youll hopefully convey the message that periods arent something to be ashamed of. If they need to ask another person, like a teacher or a friend, for help when youre not there, then thats totally fine.
What Are The Possible Side Effects Of The Omicron
With the arrival of the long-awaited COVID-19 booster shots geared to target BA.4 and BA.5 omicron subvariants, many may be curious about its possible side effects.
Well, the new boosters actually may not be as different from what previous renditions of the vaccines entailed in terms of side effects.
Read more here.
Which Respiratory Illnesses Are Behind The Recent Surge In Child Hospitalizations In Chicago Area
A recent spike in child hospitalizations due to respiratory illnesses across the Chicago area has caught the attention of health experts, with colder weather likely to make respiratory illnesses even more prevalent.
As COVID-19 remains a health concern, other common respiratory viruses that often present themselves in common cold symptoms are behind a surge that is occurring significantly earlier than a typical spike in illnesses occurs each year that coincides with colder weather.
Read more here.
Also Check: How To Stay Fresh During Your Period
Low Energy And Fatigue/trouble Sleeping
The luteal phase is often associated with lower energy. PMS would clinically be suspected if this decrease in energy and fatigue was severe. Low energy in the luteal phase can be attributed to a couple of things.
The menstrual cycle is associated with changes in the serotonin neurotransmitter system, and serotonin is part of the sleep/wake cycle, mood regulation, and bowel movement control. As hormonal levels change and decrease, the serotonin levels, your energy, and your sleep cycle are all affected. Severe serotonin disruption can lead to the severe symptoms experienced in PMS and PMDD.
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Signs Of First Period In Your Daughter
The good news is your daughters first period wont just arrive completely out of the blue – her body will offer up a few little clues first. These are the main signs that her first period is imminent that you should both be on the lookout for, but do make her aware that these changes can happen in any order though.
Recommended Reading: Does The Depo Shot Stop Periods
Can A Tampon Get Lost
Many girls worry the tampon might get lost inside them. Luckily, that can't happen. The opening of the cervix is just too tiny for a tampon to get through. It can't travel to other parts of your body, like your stomach. If you try to take out the tampon and have trouble finding the string at first, don't worry. Relax and you'll be able to find it. If you need help, tell a parent.
It's possible to forget you have a tampon in and insert another one. But they still can't get lost in your body. If this happens, just remove them as soon as possible.
Abdominal Bloating Gas And Pain
Do you feel your abdomen is swelling up just before period?
Abdomen bloating is swelling and tightening experienced by women which could occur for many reasons. If you are expecting your period, a hard, distended and tight abdomen may indicate your period will start soon.
Other causes of bloating are pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, ovarian cyst and hormone imbalance.
What to do?
- Take more fiber diet like vegetables and fruits
- Drink plenty of water every day
- Avoid meals that contain beans and cabbage
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What Are The Signs Of An Abnormal Period And When Should We Talk To Our Pediatrician
Abnormal periods can be caused by everything from lifestyle factors such as stress and exercise levels to underlying medical conditions such as a bleeding disorder or hormonal abnormalities. It can take a few years for the menstrual cycle to stabilize, so it might not be obvious right away if your child is experiencing abnormal periods, but there are some signs that you can watch out for.
Make an appointment for your child to see their pediatrician if you observe any of the following:
- Reaching the age of 15 without having a period
- Having a period before the age of 8
- Experiencing irregular cycles more than two years after starting their period
- Experiencing very heavy bleeding or severe cramps that dont improve with painkillers
- Having very long periods
- Experiencing severe PMS symptoms that make it hard for your child to get through their day
These symptoms dont necessarily indicate that anything is wrong, but its good to speak with a healthcare provider just to make sure. A healthcare provider can help you and your child determine what next steps need to be taken to ensure their health and wellbeing.
If your child also has other types of bleeding such as nosebleeds, frequent gum bleeding, easy bruising or bleeding after tooth extraction or surgery, or any family history of bleeding, you may want to discuss with your pediatrician whether testing for an inherited or acquired bleeding disorder is needed.
What Are The Signs You Are Getting Your Period
Women usually start noticing physical and mood changes about 1-2 weeks before period bleeding starts. Ninety percent of women have premenstrual syndrome symptoms at some point in their reproductive life. Some women have more severe PMS signs and symptoms than others.
Changing hormones are to blame for many uncomfortable or unpleasant period signs and symptoms like cramps and tender breasts. Brain chemicals are also involved, but itâs unclear to what extent.
Period signs and symptoms usually end about 3-4 days after bleeding begins.
Common signs that your period is approaching are:
Also Check: Can A Uti Delay Your Period
How To Talk To Daughter About First Period Symptoms
Bearing in mind that girls can start their periods as young as 8, it makes sense to start talking about the signs and symptoms of her first period sooner rather than later. Weve got lots of advice on how to prepare your daughter for her first period.
You can also help your daughter feel prepared for her first period by stocking up on some protection like Always.
Suggest that she keep some pantyliners in her bag in case she gets her first period while shes not at home. She may even want to keep an extra pair of underwear in her book bag or locker. Shell really appreciate these tips when her first period does arrive.
What Will My First Period Feel Like
You may find your first period comes and goes with very little in the way of symptoms, or you may find you experience quite a bit of discomfort. Common symptoms include:
- Cramping in the lower abdomen
- Breast tenderness
- Diarrhea or nausea
Most of these symptoms do not last long, and can be treated with ibuprofen or other over-the-counter pain relief medications. A heating pad or hot water bottle on the abdomen or lower back can help ease pain in these areas. More details on menstrual pain and other symptoms can be found here.
Don't Miss: Things To Do To Help Period Cramps
How Long Are You Contagious With Covid The Incubation Period Has Changed Top Doc Says
COVID's incubation period has changed with the extra-contagious BA.4 and BA.5 omicron subvariants, Chicago's top doctor said, but what does that mean for how long you are contagious?
During a Facebook Live last month, Chicago Department of Public Health Commissioner Dr. Allison Arwady reported that recent studies have shown the incubation period for COVID has dropped to three days with recent variants.
Read more here.
So I Got My First Period
You can expect to get your period for quite some time, Moxette. People who experience a period will generally do so their period until they reach menopause, which happens at around 50 – 55 years old.
In the meantime, the best thing you can do is be kind to yourself and your body and remember that self-care is important, especially when you might be experiencing some of these classic period dramas! Have a warm bath, snack on some of your favourite chocolate and just do what makes you feel good.
If you've got any other questions about periods or period products, you can get in touch at _EMAIL_ or DM us on Insta _USER_. If you have any medical-related questions or any concerns about your periods or your body, please do speak to a trusted adult or a medical professional you feel comfortable with.
What To Do To Manage Periods Signs And Symptoms
At some point, every woman


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Zab (zäb, zăb) [key], name applied to the two principal tributaries of the Tigris River. The Great Zab, 265 mi (426 km) long, rises in SE Turkey and flows generally S through Iraq to the Tigris. The Little Zab, 250 mi (402 km) long, rises in NW Iran and flows SW through Iraq to the Tigris. Both rivers are extensively used for irrigation, flood control on the Tigris, and hydroelectricity. Bakhma Dam on the Great Zab and Dokan Dam on the Little Zab are among the world's highest dams.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Zab from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Middle Eastern and Iranian Physical Geography


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Dr Roger Proctor1, Ms Penny Haire1, Mr Henry Nichols1, Dr Clothilde Langlais2
1Tidetech, Hobart, Aus, 2CSIRO CEM, Hobart, Aus
Ninety per cent of world commerce is carried by 50,000 commercial vessels traversing the planet's oceans and coastal seas. Increasingly these vessels are required to conform to navigational and environmental constraints, for example shipping lanes, piracy no-go regions and low emission zones. These constraints bring efficiency requirements to the fore – for example to conform to US and EU standards for air quality ocean-going ships carry two fuel types, a high grade fuel for use in low emission coastal zones and a lower grade fuel for ocean transits; minimising the use of high grade (and hence expensive) fuel becomes a priority. Passage transits can be made safer with advanced warnings of storm centres and wind/wave conditions; an example is the LNG carrier business which is affected by certain wave fields creating 'sloshing' in the LNG tanks. The industry is looking to science to provide reliable, accurate and appropriate information.
Providing efficient access to the necessary information to meet these requirements requires a complex computational infrastructure. Demands for forecasts of ocean currents, tides, waves and weather parameters up to 10-15 days in advance are now the standard requirements. Increasingly, as companies recognise the value of these data, the need is for hindcast data as well, so that historical voyages, for which they have data, can be used to calibrate future requirements.
This talk will give an overview of industry requirements, of the infrastructure built to acquire and deliver to their requirements, and examples of how different sector requirements are implemented.
Roger Proctor is a founding director of Tidetech, a company initially set up to provide ocean data to recreational sailing, with subsequent expansion to support elite sailing and commercial shipping. He has a PhD in coastal oceanography from the University of Liverpool, UK and spent 25 years as a research scientist at the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Liverpool (now National Oceanography Centre) before moving to Australia in 2008 to join IMOS as the Director of the Australian Ocean Data Network. He retired from IMOS in December 2018.


text: This type of image shows heat based radiation from the infrared spectrum. In other words, the warmer the surface, the more infrared radiation it emits. For a satellite image, cooler surfaces are bright and warmer surfaces are dark. Since the atmosphere cools as you increase in altitude, clouds would show up as bright areas and land surfaces as dark areas. In addition, low clouds will be more gray and higher clouds will show up more white. Tall thunderstorm clouds will show up as bright white and fog will be hard to discern from land areas. A large advantage of IR is that you can view it 24 hours a day.


Wednesday, January 21, 2009
Going to the Light
A direct link to the above video is at
White noise is a random signal (or process) with a flat power spectral density. In other words, the signal contains equal power within a fixed bandwidth at any center frequency. White noise draws its name from white light in which the power spectral density of the light is distributed over the visible band in such a way that the eye's three color receptors (cones) are approximately equally stimulated.
An infinite-bandwidth, white noise signal is purely a theoretical construction. By having power at all frequencies, the total power of such a signal is infinite and therefore impossible to generate. In practice, however, a signal can be "white" with a flat spectrum over a defined frequency band.
- from the wikipedia article on white noise
There's a lot of connections in the above to what we've been talking about here with the Imagining the Tenth Dimension project. In entries like Randomness and the Missing 96%, Unlikely Events and Timelessness, and Imagining the Omniverse, we've talked about the tenth dimension as being all possibilities existing simultaneously, an enfolded symmetry that, like a pencil balanced on its tip, is always ready to fall one way or another and create a pattern, or create a universe. In my book I also compare the tenth dimension to white noise or white light. Here's how I end chapter one:
In the picture we've constructed here, the tenth dimension when viewed by itself becomes quite uninteresting compared to the multitude of possibilities that are generated when we descend down to the dimensions below. Speaking poetically, the tenth dimension is like white noise, an endless field of all colours and vibrations blurred together. Because it encompasses all possible realities without delineation between those realities, it is like a void. Where things do get interesting is when we cut cross-sections out of that formlessness to view some specific aspect: like our two-dimensional Flatlander viewing the feet of a human creature visiting from the dimension above as ten lines that become two, there is no way for anyone in a dimension less than ten to perceive all of the possibilities that the tenth dimension contains.
In any dimension lower than ten, all that can be viewed of reality is cross sections. But that is what makes our existence so interesting: not the infinite "white noise" of possibilities; but that out of all those possibilities that could be, we are in this very specific one, right here, and right now.
I think the connection of white noise or white light to infinity in the wikipedia description we just looked at is very interesting, since I've talked about the tenth dimension in those terms as well, and how each spatial dimension has its own version of infinity. As I've said in entries like "Is there more than one infinity?", "Can there be a positive and negative infinity?", and "Why stop at ten dimensions?", a very important phrase to remember is "there are many roads to infinity".
Thinking about the tenth dimension as "white light", then, brings to mind a metaphysical connection as well. What are we talking about when we hear that a dying person or a departing soul should "go to the light"? In the Big Bang and the Big O, we quoted Oscar Janiger, who described death as a return to "the fundamental substrate of all things" - another way of describing the "outside the system" qualities of the tenth dimension.
In entries like Elvis and the Electrons and We Start with a Point, we've talked about how this works from a physics standpoint. In entries like You are Me and We are All Together and I Know You, You Know Me, we got more specific on how this could be related to ideas of all conscious awareness being aspects of the same connected whole. But, as we just discussed in entries like Do You Believe in Ghosts? and Have You Ever Seen an Aura?, the idea that there is more than just the physical world we see around us is a concept that some people can accept and others cannot. I have to presume, dear reader, that if you have made it this far then you are willing to at least consider the possibilities.
To finish, here's one the 26 songs I wrote for this project, and it's about the tiny little hints we catch fleeting glimpses of that suggest to us that the universe is even more strange and complex than we've been led to believe: the song is called "From the Corner of My Eye".
A direct link to the above video is at
Coming up next: Slices of Reality
Enjoy the journey!
Rob Bryanton
PS - Due to popular demand we now have a 6 DVD set of video blogs for sale at the Tenth Dimension store. Thanks everyone for your support of this project!
A direct link to the above video is at
KansasGal71 said...
Hi, I am Kansasgal71 at a forum for the tv show Lost. I hope you are also a fan, because the physics of Lost match your ideas almost exactly. I have used your video to help explain how string theory works. So don't be surprised if you suddenly get tons of hits!!
Unknown said...
White Noise is like Emptyness or Formlessness in Buddhism?
Tenth Dimension Vlog playlist


Fixate on the central cross during the motion and watch the cycle at least three times. Observe the motion aftereffect in the resting figure (the Buddha of Kamakura). [There is a more flashy version on the next page.] The "Fullscreen" mode (lowest button) can enhance the effect, but might be too slow depending on your screen size and computer speed.
You may also try to cover one eye, adapt over 3 cycles and then test with the other eye (for this, you will need to stop the movie at the right point…). Well, how strong is your "interocular transfer"?
This is often explained in terms of "fatigue" of the class of neurons encoding one motion direction. It is probably more accurate to interpret this in terms of adaptation or "gain control".
We use the motion aftereffect in combination with EEG recordings as a tool to analyse the human motion system (→motion projects). For a more detailed explanation and a neat demo of the "waterfall effect" see George Mather's MAE page.
Aristotle "De Somnis" (translated by Beare JI, 1931) University of Virginia Library ← chapter 2, G5r (search for 'river')
[Interestingly, Aristotle did not describe the reverse motion, rather "…things really at rest are then seen moving".]
Mather, Verstraten & Anstis (1998) The motion aftereffect: a modern perspective. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press
George Mather's MAE page (part of his motion site)
Kohn, A, and Movshon, JA (2003) Neuronal adaptation to visual motion in area MT of the macaque. Neuron 39: 681-691 [PDF]
Created: 1997-Apr-13
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Redeemers (Earth-712)
Determined to stop the Squadron Supreme from taking over the United States, Nighthawk (Kyle Richmond) planned to assassinate its leader, Hyperion with a bullet made of argonite, an isotope whose radiation was lethal to him. The opportunity to kill Hyperion came during a Presidential speech. Richmond addressed the nation, taking responsibility for his actions while under control of the Overmind. He then turned the podium over to Hyperion, who made the speech in which, in effect, the Squadron Supreme seized control of the United States. While Hyperion spoke, Richmond stood behind him, and tried to force himself to fire the gun, but was unable to kill his friend.
Nighthawk spent the following year organizing a counterforce powerful enough to oppose the Squadron. He spoke with Professor Imam who assisted him on his quest. He managed to recruit three of his foes, the Mink, Pinball, and Remnant, one expelled Squadron member; the Golden Archer (who renamed himself Black Archer), and five superhumans beings who had not gone public with their abilities, Haywire, Inertia, Moonglow, Redstone, and Thermite. The Redeemers later convinced Foxfire and Lamprey to join after they freed her from behavior modification.
When the Redeemers finally confronted the Squadron the battle was devastating with casualties on both sides. Nighthawk, Foxfire, Lamprey, Pinball, Black Archer and Thermite were all killed in the confrontation. Although Nighthawk had died, he still won the battle. The Squadron Supreme surrendered and Hyperion proposed that the Squadron disband.
Base of Operations
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- Marvel Editorial Staff


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Egan Airships today presents PLIMP™, a plummet-proof™, plane-blimp hybrid UAS that can fly and hover while bringing advances in safety, visibility and mobility. PLIMP aircraft represent a brand new type of UAS that can maneuver and move quickly like fixed-wing aircraft, hover and vertically take off and land (VTOL) like a helicopter, and operate efficiently and safely like a blimp—all on a single platform. PLIMP aircraft can deliver forward speeds of more than 40 mph, with at least an hour of flight time. PLIMP aircraft are expected to be commercially available by Q1 2018.
PLIMP aircraft boast a patented streamlined envelope design, rotational wings, and an extended tail to corral the wake; and is powered on the wings and the tail. It offers an unpowered descent speed of only 9.5mph should engines fail, and smooth flight and acceleration for nearly stable platform filming.
PLIMP aircraft also take advantage of partial lift by helium which is not flammable and partial lift by its rotational wings. Due to its buoyancy, PLIMP aircraft are more efficient than helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft for surveillance and inspection operations.
With a length of 28 feet (still under 55 lbs.), PLIMP aircraft are highly visible for miles such that line-of-sight rules can be adhered to for much greater distances than conventional drones, and can easily integrate into the general aviation airspace. Its size also supports collision avoidance. PLIMP aircraft can be operated remotely by a pilot and flight technician, and do not require a runway or launch/recovery system to operate.
The operational efficiency of PLIMP aircraft offers a much more cost-effective option for a wide-range of applications and use-cases, such as advertising, when compared to traditional drones. PLIMP aircraft can carry any payload required for a specific mission, such as EO/IR cameras, multispectral camera systems, communication relays, and sensors for agriculture, pipeline, and power transmission line inspection.
In addition to advertising, PLIMP aircraft are targeted at a variety of applications where safety of the drone and people on ground or in the sky is a primary and foundational operating parameter. These include:
- Border Patrol
- Mining Operations
- Cinema and Commercial Filming
- Search and Rescue
- Cloud Seeding, and
- Search and Rescue Operational Support
- Communications Relay Support for remote areas or disaster areas
- Power Transmission Line Inspection
- Railway Line Inspection and Pipeline Inspection
- Pollution Monitoring and Inspection
- Fishing, Wildlife, and Forest Service Support/ Surveillance
- Forest Fire Fighting Prevention, Early Detection and Operational Support
- Mining Support
- Military and DoD Surveillance and Operational Support
"Technology advancements in carbon fiber composites, ultra-thin bladder materials and battery technologies have allowed PLIMP aircraft to meet drone performance objectives today. Based on the unique design, performance and minimal flight operation support requirements, we believe PLIMP aircraft are very cost competitive as compared to other drone platforms. Customers can take advantage of our current pricing incentives and priority scheduling for securing advance leases," said Egan Air co-founder James Egan.
PLIMP will be regulated by the FAA under the Small Aircraft Regulations (Part 17). Exemptions for FAA approval to operate over people and at night are also in process.
About Egan Air
Founded by twin brothers James and Joel Egan, Egan Airships is a Seattle-based company that fulfills a lifelong dream with PLIMP drones, the plummet-proof™ plane-blimp hybrid aircraft that can fly and hover while bringing advances in safety, visibility and mobility. PLIMP aircraft can maneuver and move quickly like fixed-wing aircraft, hover and vertically take off and land (VTOL) like a helicopter, and operate efficiently and safely like a blimp—all on a single platform. The operational efficiency of PLIMP aircraft makes them much more cost-effective option for a wide-range of applications and use-cases.
For more information including flight videos demonstrating floating flight and slow descent please visit plimp.com.


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Synopsis: A dilute magnetic topological semiconductor?
and have a rich history as very good room-temperature thermoelectric materials, but recently they have been at the center of attention in the rapidly developing field of topological insulators. Although these materials are bulk insulators, they possess topologically protected gapless surface states, protected in the sense that they are immune to disorder, perturbations, or fluctuations. It was recently shown that doping with nonmagnetic copper results in superconductivity.
Now, in an article appearing in Physical Review B, Yew San Hor and collaborators from the chemistry and physics departments of Princeton University, US, show that doping with magnetic manganese makes the compound magnetic, while still preserving the topological surface states that are present in the parent material. Their detailed study shows that, as manganese doping levels are increased, this first gives rise to local magnetic moments, but subsequently leads to a second-order ferromagnetic transition. Scanning tunneling microscopy allows visualizing individual magnetic dopant atoms and reveals no manganese clusters, an indication that the system is a true dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that, although subtly altered by the doping, the topological surface states are still there just above the ferromagnetic transition temperature. – Alex Klironomos


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Click here to listen to the Daily Zohar [audio:_URL_ Zohar 768]
Tikkun 69 – 8
"דּוֹר הֹלֵךְ וְדוֹר בָּא, וְהָאָרֶץ לְעוֹלָם עֹמָדֶת."
"One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; and the earth abideth for ever"
The Zohar explains that the earth, in the verse above, is the aspect of the Shechina that is the foundation of life in the Created world. Zeir Anpin is the aspect of the process that brings the 'pulse' of life and time to Malchut. Malchut is the world of Tikkun that is controlled by time and every second is significant in that process.
How do we calculate the spiritual energy shift of time?
There are 12 hours of night and 12 hours of day.
The time that day or night begins is based on sundown and the appearance of the first light that is visible in the morning sky (meaning the sun is reaching us).
One spiritual hour that is called שעה זמנית, 'temporary hour", is calculated by dividing the time of night and time of day by 12. The length of night hour is not equal to the hour of the day (except twice a year). Every hour is divided to 60 minutes. Each minute is divided into 18 parts and each part has 3.33333 seconds.
There are also complicated calculations to determine a leap year and number of days in some months but here, we will just mention that there are 7 leap years and 12 regular years in a cycle of 19 years.
The new day starts at sundown when the night begins and there is no light of the sun. It is the aspect of 'unformed' before the beginning of Creation (Genesis 1:2). New life also begins inside a womb. The night ends when the light of the sun can be seen in the sky.
The Zodiac has 12 signs and 7 major controlling planets.
These 'technical' details teach us that every part of the minute (3.33 seconds) is a heartbeat of life (18). It is significant in the world of Tikkun and we need to treat each other with love and light.


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Music Sends Toes
Tapping to Class
When students in one Wichita school hear the theme music to "Mission Impossible," they know their mission: to get to class. Truesdell Middle School is just one in which students are greeted with music that sets the tone for the day and gets them moving to class in a timely fashion. Principals say playing music before the bell hits all the right notes. Included: Discover some musical selections used by schools to start the day.
When Leroy Parks arrived at Southeast High School in Wichita, Kansas, he was faced with a huge tardiness problem. The students were not motivated to get to class on time. Parks learned of another principal who was using music to get students moving in the morning, and he decided to give it a try at Southeast.
"Chuck Berry's Johnny B. Goode was selected at the suggestion of my assistant principal Fred Crayton," says Parks. "We like the song because it encourages the students to go, go, go, but also it advises them to be good! We try and encourage the kids to go to class and to be good while they are in class."
The song resonates in the halls before the morning bell as well as after the lunch period. Parks reports that the number of students who are late for class has decreased dramatically. The effect of the tune became evident to him when there was a malfunction with the music one morning, and he and other staff members had to circulate among the students and tell them that it was time to get to their classrooms.
"We had several students say, 'We will go to class when the music starts,'" Parks recalled. "That morning was a disaster!"
The experience showed staff members the value of the music and how important it is for the morning music to start on time.
Parks plans to continue using music to let his students know that it is time to start the school day. He intends to stick with Johnny B. Goode because it fits with the culture of the school and the students are conditioned to get in motion when they hear it. They recognize each phrase in the song and have a good idea about how much time is left before classes begin.
"To change now or in the future would mean that we would have to retrain the kids to another song, and I think at this time it would be to disruptive to the educational flow of our day," admits Parks.
Principal Jennifer Sinclair of Truesdell Middle School gives Parks credit for spreading the sound of morning music to her Wichita school. It was a conversation with him that led Sinclair to play songs to start the day in two middle schools that she has led.
Mission Possible
At Truesdell Middle School in Wichita, music doesn't just play before the bell, it is the bell. Principal Jennifer Sinclair has turned off the 8:00 a.m. bell in lieu of three songs. When the theme to Mission Impossible is heard, the students know that they literally have a "mission" -- to get to class. When this tune ends, their time is up.
Sinclair turned off the bell because the school lacks an advanced automated system that can be set to cue the music. A staff member starts the songs each morning through a CD player, and if she is running even a few seconds behind, the bell could ring in the middle of the music, generating confusion.
"It creates total chaos because it raises the question are the students late or not? Are they late on the bell or late at the end of the music?" says Sinclair. "This way, there's no question. Late is when the music stops. Kids (and teachers) become very dependent on it, so it's crucial that it happens on time every day."
Sinclair's playlist includes The Hustle by Van McCoy and the Soul City Symphony, I Got You (I Feel Good) by James Brown, and the theme from the television program Mission Impossible. The Hustle was chosen to get the students hustling to class. Sinclair likes the message of I Got You because it can be hard for kids -- and adults -- to get up and going in the morning, and this song has an inspiring, upbeat feel.
"The theme to Mission Impossible plays when there's one minute until the students are late," Sinclair explained. "That song just increases the urgency. We've got kids who start spinning the dial on their locker at that song, just to see if they can make it, and they learn very quickly whether they can or not!"
Music before the bell eliminates the need to usher Truesdell students to their classrooms and takes the guesswork out of how much time is left until class is in session.
"The culture here is that when the music starts, it's time to get moving," Sinclair adds. "We just don't fight that inertia anymore."
Last year, just for fun, the school held a mini workshop about how to do the hustle during an in-service day. With help from clips on YouTube, staff members taught their peers how to perform the dance. On the next school day morning, several teachers lined up in the halls and danced while the music played. The students loved it.
The morning songs are a permanent fixture in Sinclair's school, and she reports that there are no plans to change.
"I know some schools do different music every day or change monthly, but for us the whole point is that kids get to know the songs and know to the note how much time they have left," she observed.
In the halls of West Jordan (Utah) High School, music can be heard two minutes before the start of each class period during the day. Mike Kochevar, an assistant principal, plays what he likes -- from television theme songs to songs of the 1950s to Christmas music during the holiday season. The practice began at the recommendation of his peers.
"Several of the schools in our district were playing music, and administrators said that it helped get kids moving because of the constant reminder to get to class," recalls Kochevar.
West Jordan students are trained to move when the music starts.
"I've heard several people whistling the Gilligan's Island or The Andy Griffith Show themes. They seem to like the music," Kochevar shared. He believes that choosing fun music is the key to success.
"Playing music before class works great for us," he added. "We wish we would have done it sooner."


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A bomb-hunting Black Labrador is a wonderful reminder that animals save lives
All too often in this blog, I've found myself discussing situations where animals have harmed humans. From Killer Whales to chimpanzees to dangerous dogs, these situations understandably hit the headlines. So it's a bit of a relief to be able to write about the reverse scenario, when animals have saved human lives.
This week, a Black Labrador named Treo received the animal equivalent of the Victoria Cross for preventing the deaths of soldiers in Afghanistan by sniffing out roadside bombs. Treo is the 63rd recipient of the Dickin Medal, which is awarded to animals displaying conspicuous gallantry or devotion to duty while serving with any branch of the Armed Forces or Civil Defence Units. The Medal was established by Maria Dickin, the founder of the PDSA, at the end of the Second World War, and so far it's been awarded to 32 pigeons, 18 dogs, 3 horses and one cat.
The PDSA website includes a paragraph for each medal winner that that explains why the award was deserved. The pigeons' heroism recalls a bygone age of slow communications ("For bringing 38 microphotographs across the North Sea in good time although injured, while serving with the RAF in Holland in September 1944.") The horses worked with the Metropolitan Police in the London Blitz during World War II. The solitary cat served on a naval vessel in the Second World War. ( "Disposing of many rats though wounded by shell blast".) But it's the dogs' stories that are the most fascinating, including search-and-rescue dogs ("For locating air-raid casualties in spite of thick smoke in a burning building"), combat dogs ("attacking an armed terrorist"), guard dogs ( "guarding a compound harbouring Serbian refugees, holding off rioters until reinforcements arrived"), as well as many others. Dogs that serve in the army do much more than just carry out their designated tasks: they also provide morale-boosting companionship for soldiers who are far away from friends and family.
Author Isabel George felt that some of these stories were so compelling that they deserved to be told in more detail. Her book, "The Dog that Saved My Life", gives detailed accounts of five dogs that were acclaimed for bravery in conflict. If you want to read uplifting stories about positive contributions made by dogs to humans under stress, I'd heartily recommend it.
Post traumatic stress disorder – in dogs!
December 2nd, 2011 16:43
What Northern Ireland could teach us about dog control
November 25th, 2011 17:19
How to stop Benton chasing those deer again
November 22nd, 2011 16:28
Superbugs: stopping vets from using antibiotics won't solve the problem
November 18th, 2011 16:00
Fat cats and paunchy pooches: could your pet be diabetic?
November 14th, 2011 13:24


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Unit Two: Studying Africa through the Social Studies
Module Nine: African Economies
Case Study of Diversification, Specialization and Trade in South Western
Until approximately 500 hundred years ago, the vast majority of the people in all regions of the world were directly involved in the production of food. Since the 15th century CE, innovations in agricultural production gradually led to diversification and specialization within world economies. This process eventually led to industrialization and widespread urbanization.
Historians who study the history of economic change and development report that the process of economic diversification and specialization occurred at approximately the same time in a number of African societies as it did in Europe.
An example of economic specialization and diversification comes from the Yoruba and societies of South-Western Nigeria (see map). We will return to a more detailed history of the Yoruba and other West African kingdoms in a later lesson. From Module Seven: African History, you will remember that as early as the 15th Century C.E. Yoruba speaking peoples began to develop into centralized political kingdoms along the boundary between the savannah and forest regions of Nigeria. The most famous of these early Yoruba kingdoms were Benin and Oyo.
The development of these states was facilitated by changes in economic practice, particularly in agriculture. Agricultural productivity was assisted by new skills, new crops, and the introduction of stronger metal tools, which allowed for clearing and planting of larger areas of land. The increase in food production provided the opportunity for people to become more engaged in non-agricultural economic, social, and cultural activities.
The production of food surplus helped to facilitate the development of economic specialization of activities. Some non-agricultural activities, such as metal smithing that had previously been limited to times of the year when people were less busy in farming activities, could now be done on a full-time basis. With more spare time, people were able to concentrate on non-agricultural activities and greatly improve their skills. In the Yoruba societies, a number of specialized occupations developed, two of the most important being metal-smithing and textile production.
Highly skilled metal smiths developed stronger and more efficient agricultural tools that further increased agricultural productivity. In addition, they also produced improved weapons, a factor which became important in the expansion of Yoruba kingdoms.
Yoruba textile production became an important economic and trade activity beginning as early as the 17th Century. Cotton was imported from the savannah regions to the north of the Yoruba areas. There were a number of specialized activities associated with this textile industryspinning thread, dying, and weaving cloth. By the 19th Century, the Yoruba societies, along with other West African societies, had moved beyond self-sufficiency in textiles and were engaged in an active trade with other areas of West Africa.
Economic diversification, specialization, and trade are among the most important factors that led to the development of strong political kingdoms among the Yoruba. Module Ten: The Politics of Africa will look at the development of pre-colonial kingdoms in West Africa. For this lesson, it is important to draw the connection between economic development and political development as illustrated by the Yoruba kingdoms of Benin, Oyo, and in the 18th Century Ibadan, Ife, and Abeokuta.
Diversity, specialization and trade were essential to the growth of these kingdoms in four major ways.
- First, surplus production of food allowed for political specialization. That is, elders and other "traditional" leaders were not obligated to engage in subsistence farming. This allowed time for "statecraft," or the development of more specialized and complex political organization.
- Second, specialization increased the revenue (money collected by the state) that rulers were able to raise through various forms of taxation. Much of the taxation came in the form of tribute, gifts that citizens were required to give their kings. Tribute was often given in the form of food and specialized goods, such as textiles and metal tools and weapons. Yoruba rulers, much as rulers elsewhere in the world, used the revenue and tributes to increase the power of the state. For example, with tribute of food and weapons, Yoruba rulers were able to feed and equip armies that were used to expand the territory controlled by the rulers.
- Third, Yoruba rulers were able to control external trade between their kingdom and other peoples. Traders were required to give a small portion of the goods that they traded to the state. The revenues generated for the royal treasury through the taxation of trade greatly enhanced the power of the Yoruba Kingdoms.
- Fourth, agricultural surplus and specialization freed up the labor of some young men who could be recruited and trained as "professional" soldiers. Yoruba rulers used soldiers and revenues generated from economic development and trade to expand the borders of their kingdoms, further strengthening the political system.
Many societies and cultures produce wonderful art. The Yoruba cultures are no exception. As will be detailed in Module Twelve: African Art, Yoruba artisans have produced very sophisticated clay, wood, textile, and metal artifacts for many centuries. However, economic diversification and specialization provided the opportunity for the development of professional artisans.
Research and Writing Activity
Among the many fine examples of Yoruba art are beautiful Benin Bronze statues. The Yoruba artists who produced these statues used a special lost wax technique to produce their art. In the 19th Century, European traders and colonial officials were so impressed with the Benin Bronzes that they collected many of them and shipped them to Europe to be placed in museums. Over the past century, Benin Bronzes have greatly increased in value.
Using the World Wide Web find out as much as you can about Benin Bronzes and write a one-page report on your findings. Information that you might want to include in your report may include:
- the time period in which Benin Bronzes were made;
- information on the artists;
- information on the lost-wax method of sculpting;
- information on the use of Benin Bronze statues in Yoruba society;
- information on the export of the Bronzes to Europe;
- information on the movement to return Bronzes from Museums in Europe to Benin and Nigeria.
If you like to draw, using pictures of Benin Bronzes posted on the web, do your own copy of Benin Bronze.
Once your teacher has looked at your work, and you have made a final copy of your report, place it in your Exploring Africa Web Journal.
Here is web-site to get you started.
If you don't have access to a computer to complete this assignment, you should go to your school library and use the encyclopedias and other resources available there to find information on the Benin Bronzes.
Go to Activity Four or
- Activity One: Engage (Wants and Needs)
- Activity Two: Explore (Food Production)
- Activity Three: Explore2 (Yoruba Case Study)
- Activity Four: Explain (Economics of Colonialism)
- Activity Five: Explain2 (Transportation)
- Activity Six: Expand (Case Study: Zambia/Northern Rhodesia)
- Activity Seven: Expand2 (Case Study: Mali/Soudan)
- Activity Eight: Expand3 (Post-Colonial Economies)
- Activity Nine: Expand4 (Globalization and Africa Economies)
- Activity Ten: Summary


text:
Decided Mar 6, 1998
Bill Sponsorship: the National Sea Grant College Program Reauthorization Act
Source: Bill sponsored by 28 Senators
Amends the National Sea Grant College Program Act to authorize competitive grants for university research on invasive species, specifically: (1) the zebra mussel; (2) oyster diseases and oyster-related human health risks; and (3) Pfiesteria piscicida and other harmful algal blooms. Became Public Law No: 105-160.
Participating counts on VoteMatch question 8.
Question 8: Human needs over animal rights
Scores: -2=Strongly oppose; -1=Oppose; 0=neutral; 1=Support; 2=Strongly support.
Headline: Fund studies of invasive species and algal blooms


text:
Hacking Quantum Cryptography Just Got Harder
With quantum encryption, in which a message gets encoded in bits represented by particles in different states, a secret message can remain secure even if the system is compromised by a malicious hacker.
CREDIT: margita | Shutterstock
VANCOUVER, British Columbia — No matter how complex they are, most secret codes turn out to be breakable. Producing the ultimate secure code may require encoding a secret message inside the quantum relationship between atoms, scientists say.
Artur Ekert, director of the Center for Quantum Technologies at the National University of Singapore, presented the new findings here at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Ekert, speaking Saturday (Feb. 18), described how decoders can adjust for a compromised encryption device, as long as they know the degree of compromise.
The subject of subatomic particles is a large step away from the use of papyrus, the ancient writing material employed in the first known cryptographic device. That device, called a scytale, was used in 400 B.C. by Spartan military commanders to send coded messages to one another. The commanders would wrap strips of papyrus around a wooden baton and write the message across the strips so that it could be read only when the strips were wrapped around a baton of matching size. [The Coolest Quantum Particles Explained]
Later, the technique of substitution was developed, in which the entire alphabet would be shifted, say, three characters to the right, so than an "a" would be replaced by "d," and "b" replaced by "e," and so on. Only someone who knew the substitution rule could read the message. Julius Caesar employed such a cipher scheme in the first century B.C.
Over time, ciphers became more and more complicated, so that they were harder and harder to crack. Harder, but not impossible.
"When you look at the history of cryptography, you come up with a system, and sooner or later someone else comes up with a way of breaking the system," Ekert said. "You may ask yourself: Is it going to be like this forever? Is there such a thing as the perfect cipher?"
The perfect cipher
The closest thing to a perfect cipher involves what's called a one-time pad.
"You just write your message as a sequence of bits and you then add those bits to a key and obtain a cryptogram," Ekert said."If you take the cryptogram and add it to the key, you get plain text. In fact, one can prove that if the keys are random and as long as the messages, then the system offers perfect security."
In theory, it's a great solution, but in practice, it has been hard to achieve. [10 Best Encryption Software Products]
"If the keys are as long as the message, then you need a secure way to distribute the key," Ekert said.
The nature of physics known as quantum mechanics seems to offer the best hope of knowing whether a key is secure.
Quantum mechanics says that certain properties of subatomic particles can't be measured without disturbing the particles and changing the outcome. In essence, a particle exists in a state of indecision until a measurement is made, forcing it to choose one state or another. Thus, if someone made a measurement of the particle, it would irrevocably change the particle.
If an encryption key were encoded in bits represented by particles in different states, it would be immediately obvious when a key was not secure because the measurement made to hack the key would have changed the key.
This, of course, still depends on the ability of the two parties sending and receiving the message to be able to independently choose what to measure, using a truly random number generator — in other words, exercising free will — and using devices they trust.
But what if a hacker were controlling one of the parties, or tampering with the encryption device?
Ekert and his colleagues showed that even in this case, if the messaging parties still have some free will, their code could remain secure as long as they know to what degree they are compromised.
In other words, a random number generator that is not truly random can still be used to send an undecipherable secret message, as long as the sender knows how random it is and adjusts for that fact.
"Even if they are manipulated, as long as they are not stupid and have a little bit of free will, they can still do it," Ekert said.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


Gurudwara Nanaksar Jagraon Ludhiana Punjab, Significance of the place
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Ludhiana, Punjab
Come experience the cultural divinity
Come experience the cultural divinity
The Gurudwara Nanaksar Jagraon is a holy shrine in Moga, it is a gurudwara (Sikh temple), and hundreds of people visit this place all the year round and get to experience the divine presence at the gurudwara. The people in Punjab, the locals, the devotees, the followers and the tourists come to this holy place in large numbers and seek blessings from the lords for themselves and their family's wellbeing.
This is famous as the memoir of Guru Gobind Singh and is situated in Ludhiana at the banks of the Nanaksar Sarovar. The prominent feature of this shrine is its five-day festival; this is why they experience a lot of visitors and devotees.
Significance of the place
Significance of the place
The legend says that Guru Gobind Singh fought against the Mughals and died in the battle. He is considered as the most admired guru, and he is the 10th one.
He sacrificed his life for the preservation of the Sikh religion and where he fell stands today, the Gurudwara Nanaksar Jagraon. This gurudwara holds a lot of importance and admiration by the devotees and the followers as the area is meant to be blessed by the presence of three gurus, and those are Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Har Gobind.
The celebrations
The celebrations
The gurudwara celebrates the Prakash divas for all the three gurus whose shrines stand in the nearby gurudwaras. The gurudwara also organizes two fairs every year.
One of them is a five day fair celebrated every year in the month of august as a memoir for Baba Nand Singh. The other fair is the Jor Mela celebrated in the month of January.
Both of the fairs are grand and are celebrated on large scales, and they accommodate visitors in large numbers including tourists, locals, people from all over India also from across the world. The foreigners be a part of the fairs to experience and live among the Indian and the Punjabi culture and learn the traditions of the people there.
On special occasions, the gurudwaras always organize kirtans, melas, langars. The Guru Ka Langar is like a communal meal conducted by the people near the gurudwara and people all across Ludhiana. They believe that no one in the land of the god should sleep with an empty stomach and so they provide free food, milk, tea and sweets for the people visiting the gurudwaras.
The gurudwara complex is huge and is beautifully maintained by the organization.one of the unique aspects of this gurudwara is that cash/offerings or donations of any kind are not accepted.
The place is a must-visit for the tourists to be part of the local culture and traditions and soak in the divine presence.
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st: Confidence intervals for rates (dependent events)
From Dirk Enzmann <>
Subject st: Confidence intervals for rates (dependent events)
Date Wed, 09 Feb 2005 16:57:01 +0100
This is not a specific stata question, but I don't know where to look for an answer to the following problem (perhaps it is too easy but I can't see it):
In a sample a part of the respondents have experienced victimizing events. Only a part of these events have been reported to the police. The rate of events reported to the police is
number of reported events / number of experienced events.
For example, 13 of 267 respondents have experienced a victimizing event, none of them did report it to the police, thus the rate of events reported is 0 % (here I am talking of events, not individuals!)
Because the events cannot be assumed to be independent (some victims have a high rate of vicitimization because they are more prone to become a victim) the construction of a confidence interval for the rate of events reported becomes difficult (to me).
Question 1: If nevertheless a use a binomial test to construct a confidence interval (say: 0 of 13 events reported, 95% CI = 0 to 24.7%), is it correct that the width of this interval is a lower bound and thus a conservative estimate?
Question 2: (a) My intuition tells me that multilevel modeling could be a solution to obtain a correct confidence interval by treating the events and the events reported as the first level and the victims as the second. Is this correct and how should I specify this model to obtain a confidence interval?
(b) Alternatively, could I treat the events (and events reported?) as coming from a negative binomial distribution and use this for constructing a confidence interval? How can this be done technically?
(Apart from constructing confidence intervals I would like to test the rate of reporting for different subgroups or different kind of events.)
Thanks in advance,
Dr. Dirk Enzmann
Institute of Criminal Sciences
Dept. of Criminology
Schlueterstr. 28
D-20146 Hamburg
phone: +49-040-42838.7498 (office)
+49-040-42838.4591 (Billon)
fax: +49-040-42838.2344
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text: Anglican worship was first celebrated in North America on the coast near San Francisco, by Sir Francis Drake's chaplain, in 1579. The first regular worship began in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. English mission societies (SPG in particular) supported the early work under the direction of the Bishop of London, who never visited the American colonies. The American Revolution challenged the ongoing existence of Anglicanism, as many clergy departed for Canada or other parts of the British Empire. Lay leaders were responsible for continuing the work of parish churches and recruiting clergy. The first bishop for the new Episcopal Church was consecrated by the Scottish Episcopal Church in 1784, with two other bishops consecrated by the Church of England after changes in English law. At that point, The Episcopal Church became fully autonomous and soon began to send missionaries to other parts of the Americas and beyond. Today a quarter of the Anglican Communion's provinces derive at least in part from that missionary work. The Episcopal Church today includes 100 dioceses in the United States, and 12 additional dioceses or jurisdictions in 15 nations in Asia, the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Europe.


text:
Death of a Visionary
February 16, 1950: Jesse Clyde Nichols, who developed the Country Club Plaza and many housing developments throughout Kansas City, dies just six months before his 70th birthday at his Kansas City home.
Jesse Clyde Nichols died on February 16, 1950, after a three-month battle with lung cancer. The news about the famed real estate developer's death quickly spread across the nation and even much of the world. Some 2,000 people attended his funeral at the Country Club Christian Church, where Pastor Warren Grafton, in his eulogy, explained that the best memorial was to simply look around the city and see the influence of J. C. Nichols.
Nichols was born in 1880 in Olathe, Kansas. Always a hard worker, he began selling small homes in his early twenties. In 1905 Nichols embarked on his first real estate development, which he called the Country Club District. It comprised just 10 acres in 1905, but four years later it encompassed 1,000 acres.
What brought Nichols national renown was not the scale of his developments, but the potential permanence of his developments. The top priority was to protect the beauty and character of residential areas through what eventually became known as city planning.
In city planning, private or public leaders would create long-term plans for the location and character of shopping districts, residential areas, transportation networks, and heavy industry. Zoning regulations, among the first in the nation, legally limited certain areas to residential, industrial, or commercial development.
Neighborhood covenants required the proper maintenance of homes and landscapes. Homeowner associations in each neighborhood would permanently control the covenant regulations. Carefully planned parks, attractive roads, and suburban shopping districts could enhance the value of the homes around them. Nichols demonstrated this with the Country Club Plaza shopping center, which combined some elements of all three.
Less celebrated by modern standards were deed restrictions that limited what sort of people could purchase property in a given neighborhood. The resulting racial discrimination barred minorities from the Country Club District, even if they could have afforded the expensive homes. At the time, discrimination against racial or religious minorities was both legal and common throughout the nation. As a result of high property values and demographic trends, the racial makeup of the Country Club District is still largely white even though legal housing discrimination ended in the 1960s.
The criticisms of Nichols notwithstanding, Pastor Grafton's adage still holds true half a century after Nichols's death. In addition to most of the southwestern portion of Kansas City, Missouri, observers today can see grand monuments that Nichols influenced or inspired. The J. C. Nichols Memorial Fountain, J. C. Nichols Parkway, and the Reece & Nichols real estate company bear his name.
He was a critical leader in the creation of the Midwest Research Institute, the Kansas City Art Institute, the Liberty Memorial, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Country Club Plaza, and the North American Aviation aircraft plant that paved the way for the General Motors Fairfax Plant that stands at the same location. Decades after his death, his accomplishments continue to pay dividends to Kansas City.
Read biographical sketches of J. C. Nichols and his associates, prepared by the Missouri Valley Special Collections, The Kansas City Public Library.
- Biography of J. C. Nichols (_PHONE_), Real Estate Developer, by Susan Jezak Ford, 2003
- Biography of Edward Buehler Delk, (_PHONE_), Architect; the chief architect of the Plaza, by Susan Jezak Ford, 1999
- Biography of George E. Kessler (_PHONE_), Landscape Architect; assisted with the overall layout of the Plaza and streets, by Susan Jezak Ford, 2003
- Biography of Edward W. Tanner (_PHONE_), Architect; designed most of the early Plaza buildings, by Susan Jezak Ford, 2003.
- Biography of Sid J. (_PHONE_) and S. Herbert Hare (?-1960), Landscape Architects; designed much of the Country Club District, by Daniel Coleman, 2008
View images of J. C. Nichols and related items that are a part of the Missouri Valley Special Collections.
- Map of the Country Club District, 1917
- J. C. Nichols Memorial Fountain
- Portrait of J. C. Nichols
- Country Club Plaza, 1940
- Garden at the J. C. Nichols residence
- Postcard of a rustic bridge and spirea in bloom in Mission Hills Kansas; used by J. C. Nichols to promote real estate
- Postcard of a Rustic Bridge in Rockhill Park; one of J. C. Nichols's first real estate developments
Check out the following books about J.C. Nichols.
- The J. C. Nichols Chronicle: The Authorized Story of the Man, His Company, and His Legacy, _PHONE_, by Robert Pearson and Brad Pearson; funded by the J. C. Nichols Company and the Nichols family, offers the most complete biography of Nichols and a narrative of his accomplishments
- J. C. Nichols and the Shaping of Kansas City: Innovation in Planned Residential Communities, by William S. Worley; examines the impact of J. C. Nichols on Kansas City, includes some comparisons to other cities
- J. C. Nichols and the Origins of the Planned Residential Community in the United States, _PHONE_, by William S. Worley; how J. C. Nichols spurred national real estate trends
- The Building and Selling of Homes, by Jesse Clyde Nichols; manuscript of a speech that described his theories on real estate development
View the documentary, Community Builder: The Life & Legacy of J.C. Nichols, by Steven C. F. Anderson and Brian Peter Falk, Kansas City Public Television.
Continue researching J. C. Nichols using archival material.
- Vertical Files: Country Club District, the Missouri Valley Special Collections
- Vertical File: Nichols, J. C. Company, Missouri Valley Special Collections
- Vertical File: Fountains--Nichols, J. C., Missouri Valley Special Collections
- Vertical File: J.C. Nichols Investment Company, Missouri Valley Special Collections
- Vertical File: Nichols, Jesse Clyde, Missouri Valley Special Collections
- J. C. Nichols Collection (SC48), Missouri Valley Special Collections
- J. C. Nichols Company Records, Western Historical Manuscript Collection, University of Missouri-Kansas City
By Jason Roe, graduate student, Department of History, University of Kansas
Christensen, Lawrence O. Dictionary of Missouri Biography. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999.
Ford, Susan Jezak. Biography of J. C. Nichols (_PHONE_), Real Estate Developer. Missouri Valley Special Collections, 2003.
Pearson, Robert and Brad Pearson. The J. C. Nichols Chronicle: The Authorized Story of the Man, His Company, and His Legacy, _PHONE_. Kansas City, MO: Country Club Plaza Press, 1994.
Worley, William S. J. C. Nichols and the Shaping of Kansas City: Innovation in Planned Residential Communities. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1990.


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
|President of the|
Historically, Landes was part of Gascony. It was one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.
- Prefecture website (in French)
- Conseil Général website (in French)
Landes is also the name of a commune in the Charente-Maritime département, in France.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


text:
The usual cause of vomiting in ferrets is a foreign body in the stomach or upper intestine. The most common foreign bodies are pieces of rubber that they have deliberately eaten, or hairballs from accidentally swallowing masses of hair during their molting (shedding) period.
Ferrets kept under natural light cycles shed their coats in late fall and spring. Particularly in spring, ferrets shed hair very dramatically. If they live in a home kept lighted until 9 o'clock or later every night throughout the seasons, their shedding periods will not be as predictable. They do groom themselves, more or less, depending on the individual, but they also pick up a considerable amount of loose hair from their bedding. Shedding ferrets can be brushed daily to collect as much loose hair as possible, and they can be shampooed once or twice weekly for the same purpose. Their bedding should be changed more frequently than usual while they are shedding, and the cage and play area can be vacuumed. These steps will reduce the chance that ferrets will get hairballs.
Not all ferrets with hairballs vomit. Some just stop eating, or eat very little, and pass thin, ribbon-like stools in very small quantities. If the stool is teased apart it will be found to contain a great quantity of hair. The treatment for this is simple and effective most of the time. There are many commercially available, palatable, laxatives (e.g., Doctors Foster & Smith Hairball Remedy, Laxatone) for cats, and a few for ferrets. These come in tubes like toothpaste, and can be fed directly from the tube, or dispensed along the edge of the ferret's dish. Most ferrets will eat any amount offered. To prevent hairballs, each animal should get about an inch of paste per day during its molting period.
To treat a ferret that does not appear ill, but is vomiting, or has suddenly stopped eating, or is passing thin stool as described, offer a couple of inches of paste several times the first day. If there is no improvement by the second day a veterinarian should see the ferret, which might have another kind of foreign body or another disease. If the ferret is better the second day, continue the treatment at a reduced dosage. This laxative can cause severe diarrhea if the ferret is allowed to eat all he wants, which might be the whole tube. Four or 5 inches a day is maximum for home treatment.
Ferrets with other types of foreign bodies might not respond much to the laxative treatment. Some ferrets, especially recently weaned kits, will chew up their cloth bedding, and a laxative usually relieves this type of blockage. However, ferrets love to chew any kind of rubber, especially baby bottle nipples and pacifiers, and this often will cause a complete obstruction that is life-threatening and will not be moved with laxatives. These ferrets become very sick overnight. They might not vomit more than once, but refuse to eat and become dehydrated. They look very ill, with half-closed eyes. A ferret in this state requires immediate veterinary attention. Surgery is necessary to remove rubber or other hard bits of foreign material from the intestine. Most ferrets recover from surgery very well.


text:
The virtual memory on your computer should be adjusted to provide optimum performance, and minimum fragmentation. While this guide is written for Windows XP, the changes and settings are also fully applicable to other Windows operating system (however the locations of the menus in question may be different).
To properly adjust your virtual memory, you need to know how much physical memory, or RAM, is on the system. You can find this by going to Start-> All Programs-> Accessories-> System Tools-> System Information. Within the System Summary section of the system information window, find the Total Physical Memory. This is your RAM.
You should change the virtual memory to (A) have the same Initial and Maximum size, and (B) set this size to be 1.5-2.5 times the amount of RAM on the system, depending on your hard drive space requirements. You can do this by going to Control Panel -> System -> Advanced tab -> in the Performance section click Settings -> Advanced tab -> in the Virtual Memory section click Change.
It is not advisable to let the system automatically control the virtual memory, so to override this, choose the Custom Size radio button. You can then manually adjust the values. Once you have changed the values, click the Set button to save the changes, and pick OK. You will then need to restart your system.
In order get the full effect of this change, it is strongly advised to defragment the hard drive several times in a row. This can be found via Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Disk Defragmenter.


What historical event led to the signing of the treaty of nanjing
What was the significance of the Treaty of Nanjing in 18427?
The Treaty of Nanjing was significant because it increased British influence and trade power in Asia while also minimizing China's power over the…
Who signed the Treaty of Nanjing?
On 29 August, British representative Sir Henry Pottinger and Qing representatives Qiying, Yilibu, and Niu Jian signed the treaty, which consisted of thirteen articles. The treaty was ratified by the Daoguang Emperor on 27 October and Queen Victoria on 28 December.
What commodity ultimately led to British gaining control of Hong Kong in the Treaty of Nanjing?
Opium trade
What was the Treaty of Nanjing quizlet?
Treaty of Nanjing 1842. Treaty of Nanjing was the result of China's humiliating defeat at the hands of the British in the Opium War. Britain took the island of Hong Kong, a very important trading port. Foreigners are not subject to Chinese laws at Guangzhou and 4 other Chinese ports.
What was the impact of the Treaty of Nanjing?
The Treaty of Nanjing officially brought the First Opium War to an end on August 29, 1842. As part of the agreement, the Chinese agreed to: Repay the British for the opium the government had destroyed. Give Great Britain the city of Hong Kong.
What happened in the Treaty of Nanjing?
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What did China agree to do once the Treaty of Nanjing was signed?
Once the treaty of Nanjing was signed and China agreed to create a "fair and reasonable" tariff, allow Britain to trade at five ports and surrender the territory of Hong Kong. Explanation: This treaty has officially ended the war on opium and there were numerous effects on the Chinese as a part of the Agreement.
Why did China sign the unequal treaties?
Historian Immanuel Hsu explained that the Chinese viewed the treaties they signed with Western powers and Russia as unequal "because they were not negotiated by nations treating each other as equals but were imposed on China after a war, and because they encroached upon China's sovereign rights … which reduced her to …
Who was involved in the open door policy?
The Open Door Policy was a policy between China, the US, Japan, and several European powers that stated each of those countries should have equal access to Chinese trade. It was created in 1899 by US Secretary of State John Hay and lasted until 1949, when the Chinese civil war ended.
What did Great Britain gain from the Treaty of Nanjing quizlet?
Terms in this set (13)
Treaty of Nanjing, agreed to open 5 ports to British trade and limit tariffs on British goods and gave Hong Kong. … The Chinese were forced to open several ports to British trade, provide Britain with complete control of Hong Kong, and grant extraterritoriality to British citizens living in China.
Why did Britain give up Hong Kong?
Opium Wars
You might be interested: What event happened after the qin dynasty collapsed?
The First Opium War lasted from 1839 to 1842. Britain invaded the Chinese mainland and occupied the island of Hong Kong on Jan. … China lost the war and had to cede Hong Kong to Britain in the Treaty of Nanking. As a result, Hong Kong became a crown colony of the British Empire.
How did Britain own Hongkong?
The Qing dynasty ceded Hong Kong to the British Empire in 1842 through the treaty of Nanjing, ending the First Opium War. Hong Kong then became a British crown colony. Britain also won the Second Opium War, forcing the Qing Empire to cede Kowloon in 1860, while leasing the New Territories for 99 years from 1898.
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