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The Signature of All Things
The Signature of All Things
Alma Whittaker is born on the first year of a new century, January 5, 1800, but her story begins before her conception. Her father, Henry Whittaker, survived a poverty-stricken childhood near London, where he lived in a hut with an earthen floor and was not always fed. However, his upbringing gave him something that would someday make him incredibly wealthy: an understanding and a gift for horticulture. Henry's father tended the orchards at Kew Gardens and bequeathed to his youngest son a love for trees. Henry was also intelligent enough to know that he could only raise his stature through knowledge, so he learned everything he could about the one avenue of scholarship available to him. He became a tree wizard. Yet he watched the wealthy with avidly envious eyes and yearned to become rich.
"THE SIGNATURE OF ALL THINGS is a magnificent literary triumph that surely will be long heralded as an enduring classic. But more than that, it's an absorbing, satisfying page-turner of a read."
Kew Gardens held thousands of specimens of plants, including exotic rare varieties acquired by Sir Joseph Banks, the ambitious superintendent. Henry admired Banks, who was a handsome and aggressive explorer --- the extreme opposite of Henry's modest father. Admiring Banks did not keep Henry from robbing him; Henry built up quite a business stealing seeds and cuttings, which he sold to collectors all over the world. Eventually, though, he was caught and threatened with death. Yet Banks admired the way Henry had acted on his ambitions and hired him to embark on a voyage with Captain Cook.
Henry's years of adventuring and traveling to various ports eventually paid off when he discovered a type of tree in Peru with the power to cure malaria. He also had a plan for a plantation of these trees that would eventually pay off in an enormous way, but when Banks pooh-poohed the notion, Henry sold his ideas and plant starts to the Dutch East India Company. This was the first step to building a huge fortune and maintaining a mansion in Philadelphia with the Dutch wife he acquired along the way.
Now his wife, Beatrix, has finally given him a daughter. Alma's life is filled with luxury, but even more so, it is filled with intellectual encouragement and the time to explore the acres her family owns. Both parents are geniuses at botany, and Alma absorbs plant and science knowledge, eventually settling on a long-lasting deep study of mosses. The years pass. Henry and Beatrix adopt a beautiful daughter, Prudence. Alma, in contrast to her adopted sister, is large and homely, which adds complications when she develops sensual yearnings and falls in love. Readers experience her life's valleys, mountains and unexpected side road meanderings in the same way Alma studies her mosses: detail by exquisite detail.
THE SIGNATURE OF ALL THINGS is a magnificent literary triumph that surely will be long heralded as an enduring classic. But more than that, it's an absorbing, satisfying page-turner of a read. That the pace is unhurried only adds layers to the fascinating depths of Alma's life story. This is not a book to skim or read rapidly; I found myself rereading passages to admire the elegant phrasing. I also marveled frequently at the extent of author Elizabeth Gilbert's research, as well as her versatility (after penning her bestselling --- but oh so different --- memoir, EAT, PRAY, LOVE). As a side note, the book is a joy to hold and look at, with its heavy-papered, deckle-edged pages and gloriously illustrated end pages.
This marvelous piece of historical fiction is a volume to be cherished, kept and reread.
Reviewed by Terry Miller Shannon on October 4, 2013
The Signature of All Things
by Elizabeth Gilbert
 - Publication Date: June 24, 2014
 - Genres: Fiction, Historical Fiction
 - Paperback: 512 pages
 - Publisher: Penguin Books
 - ISBN-10: _PHONE_
 - ISBN-13: 9780143125846


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In this series of three posts, we'll look at colours in R graphics produced with
ggplot2: what are the available choices of colour schemes, and how to choose a colour palette most suitable for a particular graphic?
In kindergarten, choosing a colour was easy, palettes were limited to a few classics. As cool kids grow older and use R, the spectrum expands to present us with overwhelming choice of millions of colours, most of them with poorly defined labels such as
"lavenderblush3". Inasmuch as scientific graphics resemble a paint-by-numbers game, R can help us design more elegant palettes with pertinent colour choices based on the data to display.
Overview of basic colour functions in R
Base graphics rely mostly on the
grDevices package for the selection of colours, with a few palettes to choose from:
(some palettes can have many more colours, this image is only an illustration of their structure)
The package also provides a number of basic operations to convert colours (
adjustcolor, col2rgb, make.rgb, rgb2hsv, convertColor) and create interpolating palettes (
rgb, hsv, hcl, gray, colorRamp, colorRampPalette, densCols, gray.colors).
Beyond that, a good resource is the
colorspace package which provides further utilities to convert from one colorspace to another (
HLS, HSV, LAB, LUV, RGB, sRGB, XYZ) and perform various operations on colours.
A special note can be made of a few palette functions, "diverge_hcl", "diverge_hsv", "heat_hcl", "rainbow_hcl", "sequential_hcl", "terrain_hcl", which provide an easy way to produce colour palettes following a particular path in the colour space (varying hue with constant luminosity and saturation, for example).
While the combination of these tools is quite flexible, the user interface becomes a little bit chaotic. More recently, the
scales package has provided wrappers around these functions to provide some consistency in the naming schemes and organise the different categories of palettes in a structured way:
Utilities functions, such as
col2hcl, fullseq, muted, rescale, rescale_mid, rescale_none, rescale_pal, seq_gradient_pal, show_col
Palettes with consistent interface,
brewer_pal, dichromat_pal, gradient_n_pal, div_gradient_pal, hue_pal, grey_pal, identity_pal, manual_pal.
ggplot2 package uses
scales internally, and mirrors this structure. In this first part, we'll review the basic commands to assign colours in ggplot2.
Colours in ggplot2
Let's consider three plots for illustration:
p1 maps the colour of points to a continuous variable,
p2 maps the fill of bars to a discrete variable, and
p3 maps the fill of tiles to a continuous variable.
Colour vs fill aesthetic
Fill and colour scales in ggplot2 can use the same palettes. Some shapes such as lines only accept the colour aesthetic, while others, such as polygons, accept both colour and fill aesthetics. In the latter case, the colour refers to the border of the shape, and the fill to the interior.
Aesthetic mapping vs set values
Another common source of confusion, general to
ggplot2, is the distinction between set values and mapped values in a layer. Consider the following example,
d = data.frame(x = 1:10, y = rnorm(10), z = gl(5, 2)) a = ggplot(d, aes(x, y, group=z)) grid.arrange(a + geom_path( colour = "red" ), a + geom_path( aes(colour = z )), nrow=1)
The default continuous scale in
ggplot2 is a blue gradient, from
low = "#132B43" to
high = "#56B1F7" which can be reproduced as
scales::seq_gradient_pal(low = "#132B43", high = "#56B1F7", space = "Lab")
The default discrete scale in
ggplot2 is a range of hues from hcl,
scales::hue_pal(h = c(0, 360) + 15, c = 100, l = 65, h.start = 0, direction = 1)
In the next post of this series we'll describe how one can fine-tune or change altogether these default colours, and, perhaps more importantly, give some pointers on choosing an appropriate colour scheme for a particular graphic.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Research at Le Bonheur
Le Bonheur Children's is committed to the prevention, treatment and elimination of pediatric disease.
At the Children's Foundation Research Institute, our researchers are looking for new discoveries and treatments to promote the health of children. Le Bonheur continues to develop an infrastructure to support research and to enhance collaboration among our physician scientists.
Researchers at Le Bonheur are working on projects aimed at improving the health of children. Some of those studies include:
- A multi-centered study on flu-associated pneumonia, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigators at Le Bonheur, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center are working to find microbiologic causes of pneumonia, a potentially deadly childhood disease.
- A national project to test seizure drugs in children in absence epilepsy, a common version of the disease also known as "staring spells." The study is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
- A program aimed at tackling pediatric asthma, Le Bonheur's most common diagnosis. The project is working to reduce asthma-related deaths, hospitalizations Emergency Department visits, asthma exacerbations and episodes. The project is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
- A look into the usefulness of a bile acid in treating children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a disease that affects bile ducts of the liver. Le Bonheur is home to the STOPSC registry, a multi-center database and DNA repository for patients with PSC. The bile study is funded by the Food and Drug Administration.
About the CFRI
The Children's Foundation Research Institute is a partnership of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital and the Children's Foundation of Memphis. The Children's Foundation was created by community members who wanted to promote the health and well being of children in the Memphis area. Since 1993, it has provided significant resources to the Children's Foundation Research Institute.
In 2010, the CFRI opened a 300,000-square-foot Research Center dedicated to basic, translational and clinical research. The CFRI works to provide the infrastructure and resources to develop a major pediatric research center that makes discoveries in the field of pediatric medicine.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Spell check of tribunal
Spellweb is your one-stop resource for definitions, synonyms and correct spelling for English words, such as tribunal. On this page you can see how to spell tribunal. Also, for some words, you can find their definitions, list of synonyms, as well as list of common misspellings.
Correct spelling:
Court of justice.
court (noun)
bar, court-martial, judicature, bench, appellate court, court of law, circuit court, supreme court, board, court, session.
council (noun)
parliament, committee, coalition, forum, inquisition, caucus, convention, assembly, meeting, congress, summit, conference, faction, league, council, legislature, cadre, court, chamber, cabinet, board, panel, congregation, symposium, quorum, body.
Other synonyms:
court, judicature.
Examples of usage:
 1. Then, to extreme disappointment, the august tribunal, acting on behalf of the sovereign people in the interest of peace, declared itself powerless, and got out, and would, doubt, have gone about its business if it had had any. Fulkerson's no - "A Hazard of New Fortunes, Part Fifth", William Dean Howells.
 2. For the County Court in country districts has become a tribunal whose decisions enter, as it were, into the very life of the people. - "Hodge and His Masters", Richard Jefferies.
 3. one knew the precise circumstances, because, like so many similar family disputes, when the lawyers were ready, and the case had come before the tribunal, a compromise was arrived at, the terms of which were only known to the tribunal and the parties directly concerned. No - "Hodge and His Masters", Richard Jefferies.
Common misspellings:
 1. tribuneral (48%)
 2. trubunal (17%)
 3. tribuanl (13%)
 4. tribunial (9%)
 5. tribunual (9%)
 6. tribual (4%)
Discover what are words like tribunal. Discover what is a synonym for tribunal. Discover what is another word for tribunal. Discover what is an alternative word for tribunal. Discover what are more words for tribunal.


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| ||Minding Your Mind || |
Understanding Bias In Mental Health Professionals
Reviewed and revised on October 17, 2012
By Michael Craig Miller, M.D.
Harvard Medical School
A study published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology in 2007 showed that personal and professional biases can affect first impressions and the label used by mental health professionals to diagnose a person's mental disorder. (Bias occurs when personal preference interfere's with a person's ability to make an impartial judgment.)
Who is making the diagnosis may matter. To avoid bias, the best approach may be to see a diagnosis as part of a process that occurs over time rather than as something based on first impressions and set in stone.
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How the Study Was Done
Nearly 1,400 psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers a representative professional sample participated in the study. Researchers mailed each of them one of three fictional case studies describing a troubled teen. Symptoms were typical of someone with a conduct disorder: persistent anti-social behavior including deceit, theft, aggression, truancy and running away from home. Conduct disorder was chosen because it's the most common reason for referring adolescents for treatment. In some case histories the young man was described as white, while in others he was black or Hispanic. Here are the three types of case histories that were used:
- Neutral version The researchers gave only a description of the symptoms and the age, sex and ethnic background of the patient.
- "Internal dysfunction" version The researchers added that the young man's behavior appeared irrational, was indiscriminate, persisted when the environment changed, and suggested a lack of empathy or concern for the consequences.
- "Environmental reaction" version Researchers said the young man lived in a dangerous neighborhood where gang violence was common and that his behavior changed when he left that neighborhood.
The researchers then looked at the following factors and the extent to which they influenced the mental health professionals' diagnoses:
- The clinician's age, race and gender
- Their professional training (psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker)
- The patient's race
- The type of patient case history
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Each mental health professional was asked whether he or she would agree that a young man like this one had a mental illness or psychiatric disorder. Not surprisingly, the type of case history they received influenced their answers the most. Here are the results:
- About 70% of those given the neutral version agreed that the young man had a conduct disorder.
- Nearly 95% of those given the "internal dysfunction" version agreed that the young man had a conduct disorder.
- Only 35% of those given the "environmental reaction" version agreed the young man had a conduct disorder.
The second most important influence on their diagnoses was professional identity. Psychologists were twice as likely as social workers to diagnose a mental disorder; psychiatrists were nearly five times as likely.
The patient's race was the third influencing factor. Study participants were less likely to diagnose a mental disorder if the boy was labeled black or Hispanic than if the boy were described as white.
The fourth factor was age of the clinician. Older clinicians found mental disorders less often. Finally, clinicians who described their theoretical orientation as behavioral or eclectic were only about 65% as likely to diagnose a psychiatric disorder as were those who had a psychodynamic or psychoanalytic orientation.
The race and gender of the clinician (about 50% were women and about 10% minority) had no effect on these judgments, even in combination with the race of the fictional client or patient.
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Explaining the Results
The authors considered the reasons for these differences. Some, although not all, studies suggest that clinicians tend to find less mental illness in blacks than in whites with similar symptoms. Black adolescents, in particular, are more often judged to be delinquent and assigned to the juvenile justice system rather than to treatment. There is some evidence that training clinicians in the use of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual can eliminate this racial bias.
As for professional bias, psychiatrists are more familiar with the diagnostic manual and use it more often. Social workers in particular tend to focus on an individual's social context rather than psychological state. Older clinicians may have diagnosed mental disorders less often because the manual, which relies almost entirely on symptoms alone for diagnosis, was first published in 1980 after they finished their training. Also, the differences between psychodynamic and behavioral therapists, according to the authors, probably reflect both self-selection and training.
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Is Diagnosis Useless?
No. Everywhere in medicine not just in psychiatry and other mental health fields diagnosis is a challenge. For example, a person with pneumonia might have a fever or a cough, chest pain, shortness of breath or fatigue or any combination of those symptoms. All of those symptoms appear in other illnesses, too. Chest pain and shortness of breath could mean heart disease. Fever and cough can indicate a virus infection. Fatigue has many causes. A doctor considers all possibilities before deciding which diagnoses are possible, how to evaluate the problem further and which treatment to offer.
This study only measured a clinician's first impressions. It did not measure how diagnosis is used as a tool over time. Diagnosis is often a process, rather than a fixed or defining characteristic. Instead of saying, "You have depression or post-traumatic stress disorder," a clinician might say, "Your problems could fit into a few different categories. These categories suggest a variety of treatment approaches. Let's pick the one that makes the most sense now, but keep our minds open to revising our view as we get to know more about the problems."
That way, both clinician and client, doctor and patient continue thinking systematically about the problem. We can't avoid uncertainty. Having a list of possibile diagnoses provides a framework for choosing a reasonable treatment today and staying open to finding out what works and what doesn't tomorrow.
Professional and personal biases certainly affect first impressions. But the impression gained through careful consideration over time is much more important than the first impression.
Pottick KJ, Kirk SA, Hsieh DK, Tian X. Judging mental disorder in youths: Effects of client, clinician, and contextual differences. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology. Feb 2007;75(1):1-8.
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Michael Craig Miller, M.D. is Editor in Chief of the Harvard Mental Health Letter. He is also associate physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School. He has been practicing psychiatry for more than 25 years and teaches in the Harvard Longwood Psychiatry Residency Program.


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Fuss and feathers
Nicholas Kristof of the New York Times penned an unappetizing column the other day:
My topic today is a pair of new scientific studies suggesting that poultry on factory farms are routinely fed caffeine, active ingredients of Tylenol and Benadryl, banned antibiotics and even arsenic....
Big Ag doesn't advertise the chemicals it stuffs into animals, so the scientists conducting these studies figured out a clever way to detect them. Bird feathers, like human fingernails, accumulate chemicals and drugs that an animal is exposed to. So scientists from Johns Hopkins University and Arizona State University examined feather meal — a poultry byproduct made of feathers....
Poultry-growing literature has recommended Benadryl to reduce anxiety among chickens, apparently because stressed chickens have tougher meat and grow more slowly. Tylenol and Prozac presumably serve the same purpose/ Researchers found that most feather-meal samples contained caffeine. It turns out that chickens are sometimes fed coffee pulp and green tea powder to keep them awake so that they can spend more time eating. (Is that why they need the Benadryl, to calm them down?)
Big Chicken responded, denying the arsenic part and adding:
The top priority for America's chicken farmers and processors is to raise healthy, top quality birds, because doing so is not only an ethical obligation, it is the foundation of a safe and wholesome chicken supply....Consumers should know that chicken is safe, wholesome and that all chicken produced in the United States is inspected by the USDA.


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As far as traditional electrical lighting goes, there's not a whole lot of variety in power supply: It comes from the grid. When you flip a switch to turn on your bedroom light, electrons start moving from the wall outlet into the conductive metal components of the lamp. Electrons flow through those components to complete a circuit, causing a bulb to light up (for complete details, see How Light Bulbs Work).
Alternative power sources are on the rise, though, and lighting is no exception. You'll find wind-powered lamps, like the streetlamp from Dutch design company Demakersvan, which has a sailcloth turbine that generates electricity in windy conditions. The Woods Solar Powered EZ-Tent uses roof-mounted solar panels to power strings of LEDs inside the tent when the sun goes down. Philips combines the two power sources in its prototype Light Blossom streetlamp, which gets electricity from solar panels when it's sunny and from a top-mounted wind turbine when it's not. And let's not forget the oldest power source of all: human labor. Devices like the Dynamo kinetic flashlight generate light when the user pumps a lever.
Most of us are familiar with wind, solar and kinetic power and what they can do. But a device on display at last year's Milan Design Week has drawn attention to an energy source we don't often hear about: dirt.
In this article, we'll find out how a soil lamp works and explore its applications. It's actually a pretty well-known way to generate electricity, having been first demonstrated in 1841. Today, there are at least two ways to create electricity using soil: In one, the soil basically acts as a medium for electron flow; in the other, the soil is actually creating the electrons.
Let's start with the Soil Lamp displayed in Milan. The device uses dirt as part of the process you'd find at work in a regular old battery.


A couple months ago, "school lunch" was all the rage on Japanese TV. A guy named Hideo Makuuchi published a book called "Weird School Lunches," which featured terrible food combinations served up to elementary and junior high school students in different parts of Japan. (School lunch in Japan is mandatory in most public schools; kids cannot choose what they eat or bring their own lunch from home.)
O, dashing prince!
You can check out all the odd combinations with glossy, full-color photos in the book on Amazon; a smattering of the funny ones are listed here:
 - White Bread + Rice Cakes
 - Brown Sugar Bread and Miso Soup
 - Toast with Jam and Vinegared Pork
 - Steamed Strawberry Bread and Kitsune Udon
 - Curry Tofu Stirfry and Chocolate Deep-Fried Bread
 - Curry Udon and an American Hotdog
 - Yakisoba and a Donut
To be fair, when interviewed, the nutrition experts at offending school districts defended their position, saying they are required by the national government to provide a certain number of calories and amount of vitamins and minerals in each lunch. But, Japanese kids are (in my opinion) some of the pickiest eaters in the world. So, the nutrition experts continued, its necessary to choose high calorie foods kids are willing to eat and pair them with a smattering of other stuff to meet the vitamin requirements.
Unfortunately, if they had spent any time at an actual school, they'd know that half of the students trade food during lunch hour so they only have to eat what they like. Vegetables and fruit are all too often pawned off to the one kid in the corner "who'll eat anything." Like rising generations in most other first-world countries, Japanese kids are losing self-discipline fast. And teachers are in no rush to stop the trend; lawsuits against teachers are on the rise, too, for actions as simple as verbally reprimanding a misbehaving student.
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text: Description: Baañke is a hairy vine with branched tendrils. It is known in English as the "field pumpkin." Leaves of Baañke are triangular or heart-shaped, up to 30 cm (12 in) long, with pointed, toothed lobes. The flowers are large and yellow, and the fruit is orange when ripe and regularly furrowed. Although baañke refers to the pumpkin producing plant, other varieties of this species (Cucurbita pepo) produce different vegetables such as summer squash, scallop squash, and yellow-flowered gourds (small, hard-shelled, variously shaped, ornamental fruits).


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Instructions are - K3, sl1 pwise, yarn in front, K2I can do K3, sl1 pwise - now I'm confused. should I have yarn in backas if to purl when moving pwise stitch and then move yarn back to front and K2 or what? Help! Than ks
The comma shouldn't be there between sl 1 and yarn in front. Slip the st with the yarn in front, then move it back to k2. Slipping purlwise refers to how you insert the needle to slip it, not where the yarn is. Usually it should be left where ever it was for the previous stitch unless the pattern specfically says front or back which it does in this case.


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Roquefort cheese or blue cheese, conspicuous by its mould and blue-green veins, has anti-inflammatory properties which could ward off heart diseases, says a new finding.
The cheese, which is aged in caves of Southern France, could perhaps explain why the French enjoy good health despite a diet high in saturated fat, a situation dubbed the French Paradox.
A process that occurs as the cheese ripens is good for a healthy gut, helps slow arthritis, and can slow the signs of ageing, such as cellulite, according to Cambridge-based biotech company Lycotec.
Researchers led by Ivan Petyaev and Yuriy Bashmakov, found that the properties of the blue cheese worked best in acidic environments, such as the lining of the stomach, the Daily Mail reports.
It suggested regular consumption by the French of Roquefort, Camembert and other moulded fermented cheeses could be one of the reasons the nation has the lowest rate of cardiovascular mortality in the developed world.


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SRP researchers explore links between formaldehyde and epigenetic alterations
A collaboration between project investigators in the Superfund Research Program has helped to better understand how exposure to formaldehyde can cause significant health effects. Drs. Rebecca Fry and James Swenberg partnered to explore possible epigenetic changes resulting from formaldehyde exposure, particularly the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in nasal tissue, and how those changes may contribute to formaldehyde-induced health effects. This study is the first to investigate potential changes in miRNA expression caused by exposure to inhaled formaldehyde in vivo.
Formaldehyde is classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is pervasive in both indoor and outdoor environments and is also associated with increased risk of childhood asthma and acute respiratory tract illness.
MicroRNAs play a pivotal role in regulating human gene expression. The study demonstrated that exposure to formaldehyde disrupts microRNA profiles in the nasal tissue of non-human primates, including most notably, changes in signaling related to cell death. This is an especially important finding as an imbalance between the rate of cell death and survival can have a strong influence on cellular disease.
Future studies will compare the changes observed in nasal tissue to changes in tissues from sites outside of the respiratory tract to continue to improve our understanding of how inhalation of formaldehyde can cause disease.


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In response to research by Associate Professor of History Erik Grimmer-Solem, the German air forces have decided to rename a base currently named after a celebrated general known as an "anti-Nazi" in the years following World War II. The base is currently called after Gen. Hans von Sponeck, who was court-martialed and imprisoned for refusing to follow Hitler's orders during a major Soviet counteroffensive on the Crimean Peninsula in 1941.
Recently, the German government announced in the Bundestag that the air forces had formally approved the name change in June, based in part on Grimmer-Solem's work, published early this year in the journal Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift, and national media reports about that work. A final agreement on renaming the base is pending between the Luftwaffe and the nearby city of Germersheim, and local citizens have protested the name change.
"I knew that my research had the potential to stir up some controversy, but the speed with which a national debate and parliamentary discussion formed around the issue really caught me by surprise," said Grimmer-Solem. "My findings hit a nerve. An official effort is now underway to assure that other military installations don't mistakenly honor compromised officers. Still, the fact that there's a sizable citizen initiative underway to keep the old name of the military base reveals just how divisive this topic still is in Germany."
Grimmer-Solem's grandfather, Dr. Odd Solem, was arrested by the Gestapo along with two other Norwegians during the German occupation of Norway in the summer of 1940. He was sentenced to death by a German military tribunal, but had his sentence reduced to a prison term in Germersheim. There, he met and befriended von Sponeck, whose refusal to follow orders likely saved the lives of thousands of soldiers. Von Sponeck was ultimately executed on the orders of Heinrich Himmler following the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in July 1944, while Solem and the other prisoners narrowly escaped an SS execution squad and survived the war.
In the decades since the war, von Sponeck has been celebrated in Germany for his moral courage, with the air force base, city streets and other monuments named after him. Along with the tales of von Sponeck's kindness toward Grimmer-Solem's grandfather, the general's unusual reputation as a heroic "anti-Nazi" sparked Grimmer-Solem's interest. Since he regularly teaches a course on Nazi Germany and knows the literature on the role of the Wehrmacht (Germany's unified armed forces from 1935-45) in war crimes in the Soviet Union, he began to have questions about von Sponeck's career when it became clear that the general had commanded units of the German 11th Army during Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, in the summer and fall of 1941.
War crimes and crimes against humanity are well documented within the area of operation of the 11th Army. Grimmer-Solem undertook a detailed investigation of von Sponeck's military career in the German Military Archives in March 2013 and discovered evidence that the general's record was far from spotless: The records showed close cooperation between the military unit von Sponeck commanded and the SS in committing numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity in the southern Ukraine and Crimea in 1941. Two days before the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, General von Sponeck ordered that any Jews among Red Army prisoners of war should be identified and specially segregated. Once the invasion was underway, his general staff warned soldiers to view all Jewish civilians as potential spies and to take harsh measures against suspected saboteurs, including women and children, thus enabling the Nazi regime's war of destruction against "Jewish-Bolshevism." In early October 1941, von Sponeck personally ordered that his soldiers work closely with SS mobile killing units by identifying suspicious civilians and handing them over to the SS.
"Many elderly Germans have a hard time coming to terms with the scale of the Wehrmacht's involvement in the Holocaust as it implicates them, their siblings and their parents," Grimmer-Solem said. "You have to remember that millions of German soldiers served on the Eastern Front. It's also hard for them to square the charming, affable and cultivated personality of General von Sponeck with mass shootings of Jewish civilians and Soviet POWs in the Ukraine. The thing to remember is that it wasn't just a small band of Nazi fanatics that made genocide on that scale possible but the active and passive involvement of many ordinary people."
The lesson to be drawn from the von Sponeck story is a universal one, Grimmer-Solem said. "The shell of what we call civilization is thin, and under conditions of emergency or war, it's disturbingly easy to remove certain groups from our orbit of concern and to justify ruthless behavior that would otherwise be condemned as criminal, especially if those groups have already been targeted by official propaganda as a national threat."


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- Archaic form of amalgam.
- They divided this their amalgama into a number of incoherent republics.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster's Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
- third-person singular present indicative of amalgamare
- second-person singular imperative of amalgamare
- IPA: /a̠ma̠lˈga̠ma̠/
amalgama f (plural amalgamas)
- amalgam (all senses)
amalgama (infinitive amalgamar)
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of amalgamar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of amalgamar.
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of amalgamar.


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Maryland's Wild Acres
Creating a Wild Backyard - Squirrels in Maryland
Five species of squirrels can be found in Maryland: red squirrel, gray squirrel, southern flying squirrel, eastern fox squirrel and the Delmarva fox squirrel. All but the Delmarva fox squirrel are common species found throughout most of Maryland.
Red squirrels, also called pine squirrels, are red. These squirrels are less common and smaller than gray squirrels. Red squirrels prefer evergreen trees and mainly live in Western Maryland. Red squirrels eat a variety of foods and are even known to tap sugar maple trees to feed on the sugary sap. Red squirrels are highly territorial and will not let other squirrels, even of different species, into their habitat. To attract red squirrels, plant a variety of evergreens on your property, especially pines and spruces. Red squirrels nest in tree cavities and in ground dwellings and bear 1-2 litters of young each year.
One of the most common squirrels in Maryland is the gray squirrel, which lives almost anywhere that it can find open woodlands (especially oak and hickory forests). Most gray squirrels are just as their name soundsgray. The color is good camouflage and protects them from predators in the woods. However, some gray squirrels are black, white or blonde. Gray squirrels have large, bushy tails which serve many functions from balance to shade to a rudder when swimming. The trees most commonly used by gray squirrels are white oak, American beech, American elm, red maple and sweetgum. The diet of gray squirrels typically includes acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts, beechnuts, maple (buds, bark, and samaras), tulip poplar blossoms, American hornbeam seeds, apples, fungi, black cherry, flowering dogwood, grapes, sedges, grasses and American holly. Occasionally, gray squirrels will also eat insects (adults and larvae), baby birds, bird eggs and amphibians. Gray squirrels mate in the winter and late summer then build nests in trees. Typically, they have 2 litters per year. To learn more about gray squirrels, then visit the Gray Squirrel Fact Sheet.
Southern flying squirrels are very common in Maryland but are rarely seen because they are nocturnal. They live in hardwood forests and can often be heard calling in the middle the night. Flying squirrels, despite their name, cannot fly but they can glide from tree to tree using extra folds of skin between their front and hind legs. Southern flying squirrels eat a variety of nuts, acorns and seeds as well as lichen and fungi. Southern flying squirrels nest in tree cavities and typically produce 2 litters per year.
There are two species of fox squirrels native to Maryland. Fox squirrels are stockier and heavier than their more acrobatic cousins and spend more time on the ground. The eastern fox squirrel is very common and is found throughout the piedmont and western regions of Maryland. Like other squirrels, they nest in tree cavities or build nests out of leaves. Eastern fox squirrels are attracted to white oak acorns, American beech nuts and hickory nuts. Eastern fox squirrels breed in December and have 1-2 litters of young per year.
In contrast, the Delmarva fox squirrel is only found on the Eastern Shore and is a federally endangered species. At one time Delmarva fox squirrels could be found throughout the Delmarva Peninsula and up into Pennsylvania, but habitat loss and timber harvest have severely reduced their range. Delmarva fox squirrels prefer mature forests comprised of both hardwood and pine trees with minimal understory and ground cover. Delmarva fox squirrels feed mostly on oak, hickory, sweetgum, walnut and loblolly pine. To find out more information on Delmarva fox squirrels then visit the MD DNR site on this rare species.
Squirrels can be fun to watch. Avid squirrel watchers erect
and obstacle courses with food as a reward at the
end. It is amazing
how quickly the squirrels figure out how
to get the food. Squirrels
also like nest boxes for both
sheltering young and for protection.
Attracting Squirrels while Reducing Potential Conflicts
Squirrels will eat almost anything: nuts, fruits, seeds, fungi, insects, plant buds, flower parts, bark, roots, and even people food. A variety of trees and food are essential for good squirrel habitat.
Attracting squirrels can be as simple as erecting feeders and nest boxes. However, planting trees that produce nuts can supply natural nest sites as well as food. Squirrels do not necessarily need an open water source. They receive most of their water from dew and the plant material they eat.
A word of warning, though! Having squirrels around means you must secure any possible entrances to your attic. Squirrels like to use attic insulation for nesting material and may even take up residence there. Scattering mothballs will discourage them, but the best solution is eliminating any way they may enter the attic. Squirrels also like plant bulbs.
Planting daffodils among your bulbs will sometimes keep them from dining on the bulbs in your gardens. Liberally applying blood meal and dried red pepper seeds to your flowerbed may also help keep squirrels out. Squirrels are also notorious for raiding bird feeders and can consume large amounts of corn and other nuts and seeds. Providing additional feeders for the squirrels may distract them from the bird feeders. Sheet metal can be placed around the base of the feeder. However, squirrels are quite ingenious at thwarting all attempts to keep them away. Also see: Living With Squirrels
Tips for Nest Boxes
Squirrel Nest Box Plans
Invite Wildlife to Your Backyard!
For Additional Information, Contact:
Wildlife and Heritage Service
580 Taylor Ave, E-1
Annapolis, MD 21401
Red squirrel grabs a snack, photo by Kerry Wixted
Eastern gray squirrel keeps a watchful eye on the photographer by Kerry Wixted
Southern flying squirrel, photo by J.P. Meyers
Delmarva fox squirrel, photo by John White
We want to hear from you!
Letters, e-mail, photos, drawings. Let us know how successful you are as you create wildlife habitat on your property. Complete the online Habichat Reader's Survey.
Write to Me!
Natural Resources Biologist II
Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service
MD Dept of Natural Resources
580 Taylor Ave., E-1
Annapolis MD 21401


the outside is the derivative of the bit on the inside).
 Then the integral is u^2/2, which is ((1+x^2)^2)/2.
 Substitution, or change of variable, becomes more useful and interesting with 1/(1+x^2) for example.
 Does anybody do the formal definition of ln(x) as integral 1 to x of 1/x?
 4. Hi Sam,
 I am from the University of Illinois and I thought this was a great way to teach Chain Rule! Giving students a visual way to learn u-substitution gives more meaning to this concepts for the students as they won't think of it as another boring formula they must memorize but rather a concept they dove deep in which truly enriched their mathematical thinking!
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text:
In this experiment, you will use a Styrofoam-cup calorimeter to measure the heat released by three reactions. One of the reactions is the same as the combination of the other two reactions. Therefore, according to Hess's law, the heat of reaction of the one reaction should be equal to the sum of the heats of reaction for the other two. This concept is sometimes referred to as the additivity of heats of reaction. The primary objective of this experiment is to confirm this law.
The reactions we will use in this experiment are:
(1) Solid sodium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of ions.
(2) Solid sodium hydroxide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
(3) Solutions of aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react to form water and aqueous sodium chloride.
In this experiment, you will
Combine equations for two reactions to obtain the equation for a third reaction.
Use a calorimeter to measure the temperature change in each of three reactions.
Calculate the heat of reaction, ΔH, for the three reactions.
Use the results to confirm Hess's law.
Sensors and Equipment
This experiment features the following Vernier sensors and equipment.


text:
Comet Stone, Stenness
Standing around 140 metres to the south-east of the Ring o' Brodgar is the monolith
now known as the Comet Stone.
Standing 1.75 metres high (5ft 9in),
the Comet Stone is on a low, oval platform around 14
metres (45ft) in diameter.
The monolith appears to have once
been part of a group, the only surviving evidence of which are the
stumps of two broken stones.
Whether these stumps represent the remains
standing stones or actually formed a structure of some
sort is unclear. It has been suggested that the Comet Stone was
once part of a table-like "dolmen" construction, similar to the one once
thought to stand in the centre of the Standing Stones o' Stenness.
The stone's position in relation
to the Ring o' Brodgar's south-eastern entrance hints that it had a part to play in a hypothetical ceremonial procession way between the Brodgar ring
and the Standing Stones o'
It is also marks a superb vantage
point for viewing the entire Brodgar ring and the expanse of landscape
and sky surrounding it. (Click
here for a selection of panoramic photographs.)
This position may be significant and has been suggested that viewing the Ring o' Brodgar from from the Comet Stone appears
to mark specific alignments - in particular the observation that
the setting sun at the spring and autumn equinoxes touch the most
westerly stones of the ring.
Poetic title or corruption?
rather poetic name - Comet Stone - is fairly modern,
presumably coined in the late 19th or early 20th century by antiquarians who saw the outlying
standing stone as "orbiting" the Ring o' Brodgar, or the
Temple of the Sun, as they called it.
more on these names, click here.
The Ulie Stane
Whether the stone was known by any name, at least in the late 1800s, is open to debate.
Writing in the 1890s, local man George Marwick stated that he had heard "old men" refer to the monolith as the "Ulie Stane" – a dialect term literally meaning "oil stone".
Marwick, however, makes no mention of any name by which he knew the monolith.
He wrote: "The road passes the stone standing by itself to the eastwards of the large circle [Ring of Brodgar] called by the old people the Ulie Stane..."
He added: "... old men about 50 years ago took off their hats or bonnets on passing this stone."
If Marwick's account can be trusted (unfortunately his paper on the area includes some outlandish placename claims and theories), this would indicate that the Comet Stone was held in some regard up until the 1840s – at least by the older generation.
The use of the word "oil" in connection with the stone hints a traditions found elsewhere. We know, for example, that despite edicts against the anointing of standing stones with oil — a tradition that remained elsewhere in Europe until the early 20th century, where stones were smeared with wax, oil and honey.
In Sweden, for example, certain stones, known as elf-stenar, were believed to possess curative powers. The locals said prayers and made vows at them, as well as anointing the stones with fat or butter.
There, it was believe that the elves inhabited the stones, or the ground beneath them. If their quiet was disturbed, or their dwelling-place desecrated, or if due respect was not paid to them, they would seek revenge by afflicting the perpetrators with diseases or other misfortunes.
This has interesting parallels with the Comet Stone, which, it should be remembered, was once believed to be the remains of a petrified giant fiddler. Was the doffing of the cap part of the respect due to these otherworldly beings? And were offerings of butter and fish oil left to placate them?


Tolkien Gateway
The Mewlips
Revision as of 11:42, 11 December 2007 by Haltiamieli (Talk | contribs)
File:Richard Svensson-The Mewlips.jpg
The Mewlips by Richard Svensson.
The Mewlips is a nonsensical but eerie hobbit poem, appearing in the work The Adventures of Tom Bombadil by J.R.R. Tolkien. It concerns the Mewlips, an imaginary race of evil creatures that feed on passers by, collecting their bones in a sack. The poem describes the long and lonely road needed to reach the Mewlips, travelling beyond the Merlock Mountains, and through the marsh of Tode and the wood of "hanging trees and Gallows-Weed". None of these places appear on any of the maps.
The Poem
The Shadows where the Mewlips dwell
Are dark and wet as ink,
And slow and softly rings their bell,
As in the slime you sink.
You sink into the slime, who dare
To knock upon their door,
While down the grinning gargoyles stare
And noisome waters pour.
Beside the rotting river-strand
The drooping willows weep,
And gloomily the gorcrows stand
Croaking in their sleep.
Over the Merlock Mountains a long and weary way,
In a mouldy valley where the trees are grey,
By a dark pool's borders without wind or tide,
Moonless and sunless, the Mewlips hide.
The cellars where the Mewlips sit
Are deep and dank and cold
With single sickly candle lit;
And there they count their gold.
Their walls are wet, their ceilings drip;
Their feet upon the floor
Go softly with a squish-flap-flip,
As they sidle to the door.
They peep out slyly; through a crack
Their feeling fingers creep,
And when they've finished, in a sack
Your bones they take to keep.
Beyond the Merlock Mountains, a long and lonely road,
Through the spider-shadows and the marsh of Tode,
And through the wood of hanging trees and gallows-weed,
You go to find the Mewlips - and the Mewlips feed.
See also
External links


text:
2.Unique Dosage Forms.
Medicines often are available only in tablets or capsules. But
infants and individuals with swallowing difficulties may need a
liquid, suppository or other dosage form. We can make these
dosage forms to contain the medicines people need.
Pharmaceutical companies may stop making products for which
there is a limited demand. If we can obtain the medicine in its
chemical form, we can compound it for you.
4.Bad Tasting Medicine.
Some individuals will not take a medicine because of bad taste.
This is a special problem when a medicine must be taken for
several months or years to control a chronic health problem. We
can prepare dosage forms in flavors that people like. We have 40
different flavours (from peppermint to orange-guava-melon).
Commercial medicines may contain flavors, preservatives, dyes
and binders. If a patient is allergic to any one of these
ingredients using that medicine could result in unpleasant or
life-threatening reactions. We can prepare medicines that are
free of materials to which a patient is known to be allergic..


text: There are seven veils of illusion in human consciousness. The seventh veil is the first veil. This is the veil furthest from the human third eye and the first to dissolve. When a human awakens to their soul and recognizes that they are responsible for their own individual journey, the seventh veil evaporates. This is the stage at which they take mastery of their life and they start the journey heal on the inside. As soon as they transform themselves, the outer conditions reflect this and their life becomes more satisfactory. The concept of a "seventh heaven' is presented to humanity as the best place one could be. However, the seventh dimension is the one in which the human stays blinded by illusion. In Dimension7, we invite you to break through the veil by way of artistic and cosmic design. Our visuals and concepts are designed to inspire your journey and the way forward as you break through the veil and release the fullness of your beautiful consciousness.


text:
Linux commands generally take one or more command line arguments to pass relevant information or modify behavior. argparse adds similar functionality to Python scripts. The script writer can easily specify whether an argument is mandatory, which arguments may be used together, etc. Error messages for the script user are informative and automatically generated.
argparse is especially powerful when combined with a module like subprocess — code in one script can call another script multiple times, varying the set of arguments passed each time. Similar functionality is available in C++ with a library like Boost.Program_options.


Skip to main content
Version: 5.0.0-beta
Identity Vault
Identity Vault is an all-in-one frontend identity management system that combines security best practices and the latest in biometric authentication options for Ionic apps running on iOS and Android.
Don't have an Identity Vault subscription? Try it free now.
The Vault manages secure user identity and session tokens, ensuring sensitive data is encrypted at rest, stored only in secure locations on the device, and unlocked only with biometric identity (TouchID/FaceID). Always-on Session Management safeguards data even when not using your app, with background screen protection for sensitive data and apps, and automatic logout based on inactivity time.
Identity Vault is built and supported by the Ionic's native mobile experts and includes ongoing updates and maintenance, including new API features, patches, updates, and compatibility upgrades for new iOS & Android releases.
Why Identity Vault?#
Many frontend authentication workflows use unsecure practices like storing tokens unencrypted or using weak authentication logic that is easily compromised. In the past, Ionic developers have resorted to combining third party Cordova plugins, often resulting in insecure setups due to the lack of correct implementation of biometric and at-rest encryption strategies.
Common security mistakes include:
 - Not implementing Apple and Google's mobile security best practices. Guidelines often change with each major operating system release.
 - Combining disparate Cordova plugins together. While the code is open source, it's challenging to know if the latest security best practices are in place, and whether the plugin developer will keep them up to date.
 - Leaking data. Storing tokens unencrypted in localstorage is common but data is easily accessible.
 - Not clearing tokens after user inactivity or when new fingerprints are added. Removing tokens protects users in the event of a lost or stolen device.
 - Displaying data when app is in the background. Highly sensitive data should be protected from shoulder surfing, especially if the mobile app is commonly used in public places.
Identity Vault handles all of the above and more, reducing your team's development time from weeks to minutes while eliminating the need to learn complex native APIs. Instead, they can focus on delivering business critical app features.
How It Works#
Among Identity Vault's many features is the secure management of user identity and session tokens. The Vault ensures sensitive data is encrypted at rest, stored only in secure locations on the device, and unlocked only with biometric identity (TouchID/FaceID). Here's how it works in practice, in a typical authentication workflow.
An app user logs into your mobile app and the backend authentication system verifies their credentials. If valid, the system sends back a session token representing the user's identity and permissions. Since this token represents the ability to make changes on behalf of the user, it's crucial to secure it so that malicious persons or apps cannot access it.
Identity Vault workflow
Your app must store the token somewhere so the user can continue to use it over time, as the token will be sent back to your server to retrieve and modify data at any time. This is where Identity Vault comes in. The token is encrypted and stored at-rest securely on a physical hardware chip - the Secure Enclave on iOS devices. The enclave is isolated from all other system components in order to ensure sensitive user data remains secure.
Later, when an attempt is made to retrieve the user token, the app prompts the user to authenticate using Touch ID or Face ID. After verification, it's permitted to get the token from the Secure Enclave and use it for subsequent data requests.
In addition to secure identity management, Identity Vault fully configurable session management. While in use, the auth tokens will be in-memory of your app, so for an additional layer of protection, the Vault will automatically lock based on the specified inactivity time. It also comes with screen protection, hiding your app's data when put into the background. On iOS, it uses your app's splash screen and the native hide system on Android. Finally, you can use Identity Vault's user service to add the auth token to every backend system request using a HTTP interceptor.
Reference Apps#
While implementing Idenitity Vault, refer to these reference apps for examples showcasing all available security features.
Ready to secure your app? Install Identity Vault now.


text:
Next: Excess Close Up: Syntax Errors
Excess Open Parentheses
The first step is to find the defun that is unbalanced. If there is
an excess open parenthesis, the way to do this is to insert a close
parenthesis at the end of the file and type 'C-M-b' ('backward-sexp').
This will move you to the beginning of the defun that is unbalanced.
(Then type 'C-SPC C-_ C-u C-SPC' to set the mark there, undo the
insertion of the close parenthesis, and finally return to the mark.)
The next step is to determine precisely what is wrong. There is no
way to be sure of this except to study the program, but often the
existing indentation is a clue to where the parentheses should have
been. The easiest way to use this clue is to reindent with 'C-M-q' and
see what moves.
Before you do this, make sure the defun has enough close parentheses.
Otherwise, 'C-M-q' will get an error, or will reindent all the rest of
the file until the end. So move to the end of the defun and insert a
close parenthesis there. Don't use 'C-M-e' to move there, since that
too will fail to work until the defun is balanced.
Then go to the beginning of the defun and type 'C-M-q'. Usually all
the lines from a certain point to the end of the function will shift to
the right. There is probably a missing close parenthesis, or a
superfluous open parenthesis, near that point. (However, don't assume
this is true; study the code to make sure.) Once you have found the
discrepancy, undo the 'C-M-q', since the old indentation is probably
appropriate to the intended parentheses.
After you think you have fixed the problem, use 'C-M-q' again. It
should not change anything, if the problem is really fixed.
automatically generated by info2www


text:
Did you know that there is a superstition among classical music composers called the curse of the ninth?
Fearing a rapid death soon after finishing their ninth symphony, composers started building on the idea that there was somehow a curse attached to it. You see, Beethoven never finished his tenth symphony. Schubert died right after his ninth symphony. So did Dvorak. So did Vaughan Williams.
Composer Gustav Mahler lived in fear of the curse of the ninth, to the point where he designed his ninth symphony, Das Lied von der Erde, to function as a song cycle instead of as a symphony.
This is just one of the things to learn at our upcoming 12-session class on Gustav Mahler and Arnold Schoenberg, taught by Time Out New York classical critic Daniel Felsenfeld.
And hey, Schoenberg's complete works are available for free online as well.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is there a way of finding the absolute position of an element, i.e. relative to the start of the window, using jQuery?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 420 down vote accepted
.offset() will return the offset position of an element as a simple object, eg:
var position = $(element).offset(); // position = { left: 42, top: 567 }
You can use this return value to position other elements at the same spot:
share|improve this answer
I always forget this one, and find your post again when I google :p – Aren Jun 30 '11 at 23:14
This does not always seem to return the absolute position due to differences in borders etc. – Tom Jul 5 '11 at 12:07
I'm using chrome and the offset() does not return the proper top coordinate. It returns about 300 pixels more than the top coordinate of the element in the document instead. Why?? – SoLoGHoST Apr 23 '12 at 5:49
chrome, FF and IE are giving different results :( – Rizwan Mumtaz Apr 10 '13 at 7:02
_USER_ this problem appears in the android webview as well :/ – A Person Apr 13 '13 at 13:38
Note that $(element).offset() tells you the position of an element relative to the document. This works great in most circumstances, but in the case of position:fixed you can get unexpected results.
If your document is longer than the viewport and you have scrolled vertically toward the bottom of the document, then your position:fixed element's offset() value will be greater than the expected value by the amount you have scrolled.
If you are looking for a value relative to the viewport (window), rather than the document on a position:fixed element, you can subtract the document's scrollTop() value from the fixed element's offset().top value. Example: $("_TAG_").offset().top - $(document).scrollTop()
If the position:fixed element's offset parent is the document, you want to read parseInt($.css('top')) instead.
share|improve this answer
I was looking exactly for this! For the noob like me: the value to be subtracted is $(document).scrollTop() – Dr. Gianluigi Zane Zanettini Aug 20 '14 at 14:56
Awesome! This should be the top answer! – Shivanshu Goyal Dec 20 '14 at 1:44
protected by Rob W Oct 30 '11 at 18:00
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


Migrating a web ACL: switchover - AWS WAF, AWS Firewall Manager, and AWS Shield Advanced
Migrating a web ACL: switchover
After you've verified your new web ACL settings, you can start to use it in place of your AWS WAF Classic web ACL.
You might encounter a brief disruption as you change the resource association to the new web ACL.
To begin using your new AWS WAF web ACL
 1. Associate the AWS WAF web ACL with the resources that you want to protect, following the guidance at Associating or disassociating a web ACL with an AWS resource. This automatically disassociates the resources from the old web ACL.
 2. Configure logging for the new web ACL, following the guidance at Logging web ACL traffic information.
 3. (Optional) If your AWS WAF Classic web ACL is no longer associated with any resources, consider removing it entirely from AWS WAF Classic. For information, see Deleting a Web ACL.


I've discovered that Ken Ham's material for the Answers-in-Genesis contains his booklet entitled.
"Raising Godly Children In An Ungodly World" is actually instructing parents to abuse their own children.
He tells them that he would use corporal punishment and the mental abuse follows the B.I.T.E mind control principles.
So he is asking them to mentally abuse the children in the name of getting a new generation to follow his contrived lies.
Here is the video associated with his booklet, Part 3 of 4 of his "Raising Godly Children" lecture, this and part 4 is where he describes how to mentally abuse children to Indoctrinate them into belief in nonsense.
I found his suggestions to parents rather scary, he is almost another Adolf Hitler, turning the Germans against the Jews, in this case, turning Children against Evolution, using such mind control techniques that the Mormons and Jehovah Witnesses currently practice, as they are experts in mind control.
On the B.I.T.E. mind control model: _URL_
Maybe some day Ham could be charged with Encouraging or Ordering Child Abuse.
If only rationality could be so Lucky??
Tags: Abuse, Child, Children, Control, Corporal, Creationism, Godly, Ham, Indoctrination, Ken, More…Mind, Punishment
Views: 66
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NEXGEN IPTV Review – 2020
The rate at which entertainment lovers are switching to cordless has skyrocketed. This is because of the entry of IPTV. IPTV gave television entertainment a new look which means you can stream your favorite television programs right from your device or TV. NEXGEN IPTV is one of the IPTV providers which we are going to review in this blog article. To understand this reviewing of NEXGEN IPTV, a proper understanding of the concept of IPTV and how it works, the types of IPTV out there will greatly help us. How then do we quickly grasp what IPTV is? To answer this question, understanding non-IP television (cabled television) will greatly help us.
IPTV Overview
Non-IP television is the type of television that you see at home. It utilizes the cable (a special type of cable called coaxial cable) to transmit the video signal from the satellite dish through the satellite decoder down to the television screen. As you have seen how cable television is connected, in IPTV, you Don't need to run any connection (unless for your internet data connection which might be wired or wireless). The internet protocol (IP) is the pathway the video signal is sent and received from the IPTV server down to the television screen. It is, as a matter of smooth streaming of video content to have at least 20mbps of internet speed on your device before using IPTV streaming service. Having made an introduction of what IPTV is, let us quickly state the three types of IPTV.
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Here are the main reasons why you must use a VPN:
 - You can access additional movies and TV streams.
 - ISP attempts to throttle are thrwarted thus reducing buffering issues.
 - Geographically restricted content like Netflix and Hulu can be unblocked.
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= 0; // Firefox 1.0+ let isFirefox = typeof InstallTrigger!== "undefined"; // Safari 3.0+ "[object HTMLElementConstructor]" let isSafari = /constructor/i.test(window.HTMLElement) || (function (p) { return p.toString() === "[object SafariRemoteNotification]"; })(!window["safari"] || (typeof safari!== "undefined" && safari.pushNotification)); // Internet Explorer 6-11 let isIE = /*_USER_!@*/false ||!!document.documentMode; // Edge 20+ let isEdge =!isIE &&!!window.StyleMedia; // Chrome 1 – 71 let isChrome =!! && (!! ||!!; let isChrome = /Chrome/.test(navigator.userAgent) && /Google Inc/.test(navigator.vendor); // Blink engine detection let isBlink = (isChrome || isOpera) &&!!window.CSS; function browserType(){ if(isChrome){ return "Chrome"; } else if(isFirefox){ return "Firefox"; } else if(isSafari){ return "Safari"; } else if(isIE){ return "Internet Explorer"; } else if(isEdge){ return "Edge"; } else if(isOpera){ return "Opera"; } else if(isBlink){ return "Blink"; } else { return "Other"; } } let browserType = browserType(); document.getElementById("browserType").innerHTML = browserType; ]]>
IPTV Features
Video on demand
You request for anything you want to watch, your IPTV provider will have it sent to you as soon as possible. NEXGEN IPTV provides this service on its platform as well. All you have to do to enjoy this service is to sign up and create an account and then purchase a subscription plan on any IPTV platform. Note that you can also view the old video content here.
Live TV
Stream that your favorite television series, news, and sports events even on the go. You will find this service also on NEXGEN IPTV.
Time-Shifted Media
Access your favorite television shows that you missed here. This feature often comes as Catch Up TV on some IPTV platforms. NEXGEN IPTV Has this service as Catch Up TV as well.
Is VPN Needed?
Also, you need to have a VPN active on your device. The reason being that must IPTV channels are from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Latino. For someone from Brazil who wants to access channels from those countries needs to change the IP address using a VPN.
The second reason why you need to install a VPN on your device is that it enables you to anonymously access IPTV service without having your data public on the internet service provider network.
Note: Our IPVANISH REVIEW will give you a piece of detailed information regarding a premium VPN service.
Screenshots with Step by Step Instruction to Install IPVanish on a Firestick
Step 6 Install IPVanish on Firestick
Step 2 Install IPVanish on Firestick
3. Click on the IPVanish icon.
Step 3 Install IPVanish on Firestick
4. Click on Download
Step 4 Install IPVanish on Firestick
5. Wait to download.
Step 5 Install IPVanish on Firestick
6. Wait to install.
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Step 7 Install IPVanish on Firestick
8. Input your username and password to log in.
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9. Click Connect.
Step 9 Install IPVanish on Firestick
As we stated in the beginning, NEXGEN TV is a provider of IPTV services. They have been in the IPTV industry for the past three years, and so far offers over 1,000 channels. Channels on NEXGEN IPTV comes from locals such as the United States of America, Canada, Latino, and the United Kingdom. NEXGEN IPTV Comes with a built-in guide for easier setup. To use this service, sign up on the NEXGEN TV webpage. You will receive a message via email with your password and username. Buy any of the subscription package listed on the webpage. Channels on NEXGEN IPTV include; sports channels: CSN CHICAGO HD, CSN CALIFORNIA, BIG TEN NETWORK, ESPN HD, ESPN NEWS HD, ESPEN 2, FN HD, ABC6 HD, A&E HD, BET Jams, American heroes HD, CBS HD, animal planet HD, BBC America HD, cine sony HDR, HGTV HD, H2, TLC HD, MSG HD, animal planet HD Pacific, BET HD, antenna tv HD, CNBC HD, CNN HD, discovery channel HD, Disney life HD, Nick Jr HD, Own HD, USA HD, Paramount network HD, IFC HD, LNM HD, MTV, Nat Geo HD, Yes Network HD, food network HD, Fox news HD, Movie Max HD, OuterMax HD, Fox 29 HD, Dog TV HD, E! HD, Pop HD, GinxTV HD, and so many other channels.
NEXGEN IPTV also has international channels from Brazil, Europe, Russia, the Philippines, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, and India. NEXGEN IPTV has adult channels as well which comes with child protection.
Pricing on NEXGEN IPTV
Starts at $10 per month and gives you access to connect up to five different streaming devices at a go. We advise going for a monthly subscription package on any IPTV platform. This is because a lot of IPTV companies often close down after customers must have paid subscription packages. So going for a month's plan saves you a headache.
The compatible device on NEXGEN IPTV includes; Amazon TV, ANDROID BOX TV Firestick TV, Android phone, iPhone, iPad, Fires TV, smart TV (LG and Samsung), Apple TV, WebTV; MAC and Windows (chrome or Firefox) and Kodi. You may also integrate NEXGEN IPTV on external players such as MX and VLC players.
Reliability of NexGen IPTV
NEXGEN IPTV seems promising with over 1000 great channels they offer their customers. The video quality is superb and comes in SD 30 fps and Full HD 60 fps quality. This service when in comparison with another IPTV service out there, seems to behave less buffering issues. The uptime of the NEXGEN IPTV webpage is %100 responsive. Their subscription packages also have no automatic renewal, no credit check, and no hidden charges.
Final Verdict
NEXGEN IPTV provides its subscribers over 1000 channels to choose from. However, these channels are both local and international channels The Majority of which are from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Europe, etc. The subscription plan on NEXGEN IPTV is pocket friendly and allows multiple device connectivity which is amazing.
NEXGEN IPTV is a great choice for anyone out there planning on to ditch cable television. They are worth trying out and I am sure you will be glad you did.


_USER_{Magma:software, key = {Magma}, type = {Web Site}, organization = {Computational Algebra Group, \URL[School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Australia]{_URL_ note = {A software package (the successor to CAYLEY) designed to solve computationally hard problems in algebra, number theory, geometry, and combinatorics, and to provide a mathematically rigorous environment for computing with algebraic, number-theoretic, combinatoric, and geometric objects.}, links = {\URL[Magma]{_URL_


Q. Is it permitted during Shabbos to open or increase the water dripping into a humidifier connected to the heating furnace. The warm air rushes by a metal net or mesh, that spreads the droplets of water into the air exiting the furnace and it evaporates into it. The temperature of the air at that point is less than 40 C. Is this allowed?
Is it permitted to add water to the tank of a cold-water room humidifier, that has some water but needs more to keep working the whole day?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in regard to adding water to the tank of a cold-water room humidifier, in case of need it is permitted, since it is already working and no bishul or cooking of the water is involved.
However, regarding the humidifier units connected and feeding moisture to a hot air furnace, although some furnaces at some points of their heating cycle may indeed be forcing air that is bellow 40 C at the area next to the humidifier, most heating units are way above that temperature when close to the ignited area and usually the humidifier unit is adjacent. Therefore, the Rov maintains that during Shabbos no changes should be done to the amount of water entering the unit. Nevertheless, it is permitted during Yom Tov.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit'a


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Manufactured by: Pittman
Sold and Serviced by Motion Technologies Pty Ltd. Ph +61 2 9524 4782.
AMETEK slotless brushless motor designs offer many advantages over conventional slotted stator construction. Negligible magnetic cogging provides improved servo efficiency and enables extremely smooth, quiet motion. Low inductance and high current bandwidth provides precise control. Slotless construction also provides excellent winding head transfer for high thermal efficiency and transient load capacity. These motors are smaller, lighter and more efficient than brush motors with comparable outputs.
AMETEK slotless brushless motors have no teeth to attract the magnets, cogging is eliminated, and the motor produces smooth, quiet rotation. The absence of teeth also provides room for larger and more wire in the windings, which means that slotless motors can generate more torque without a corresponding increase in size. Additionally, the slotless design significantly reduces damping losses. In both slotted and slotless motors, eddy currents are induced as the magnets pass the stator. However, these currents are weaker in slotless motors, because the distance between the stack and the magnets is greater than in slotted motors. This makes slotless brushless motor more efficient than slotted motors.


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Research on institutional conditions for student success highlights the important role of peers: "Peers are very important in helping students understand faculty performance expectations and standards, managing time commitments for academic work and other activities, and connecting students to the institution and other students in meaningful ways." (Kuh, Kinzie, Schuh, Whitt, and Associates, 2005, p. 260) In addition, research at the University of Iowa demonstrates the impact of serving as a peer educator (e.g., tutoring, peer advising) on achieving desired outcomes of college (RISE, 2006).
The committee will:
- Create a taxonomy of current programs, including a definition of terms (peer mentoring, peer advising, peer tutoring, etc.)
- Identify potential opportunities for cross-unit collaboration, such as partnerships on core training components or a core course for peer leaders
- Recommend strategies that incorporate reflection on learning within peer experiences


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To create a new sequence:
On the Sequences page, click the New sequence button. In the Create a sequence popup, select the From template or From scratch option. If you select the first option, you can choose between the templates from Reply and your team templates (in case you have team templates).
If you have selected the From scratch option, click the Add Sequence Step button to create the first step in your sequence.
The pop-up window appears. Here you can easily switch between the different types of steps by combining them in the order that best suits your workflow:
In this step, you will be working with the Sequence Wizard:
While creating sequence steps, you can do a variety of operations with them:
Reorder steps within the sequence using drag-n-drop
Add and pause A/B variants to the Email steps
Set up a step delay
For more details on how to manage sequence steps, refer to this article.
After you have created all the necessary steps, click Next to select the campaign schedule. Here you can select an existing sending schedule or create a new one:
Add contacts to your sequence by clicking the Add People button. You can upload contacts from a.csv file, add existing contacts, or create them manually:
In the next step, you can set up the sequence settings. It is important to understand Manual and Automatic handling of Call and Task steps as well as Max Daily Prospects Throttling.
The Launch step provides you with an overview of the sequence. From here you can Save or Save & Launch the sequence, or jump to any step of the Sequence Wizard:
Note: Alternatively, you can create a sequence instantly from a template.


Let's talk about vocation
As often happens, the most important things in life are difficult to define.
The concept of vocation lends itself to various interpretations and therefore can confuse. We can use the word vocation in different ways, at different levels. There are, for example, "vocational" schools; it is said that someone has "a lot of vocation" for some trade or profession; if a boy gets out of the seminary "he had no vocation". And we also talk about "marriage or religious vocation". What are we talking about?
The word vocation comes from Latin: Vocare, which means called. Feel a vocation is tantamount to saying that someone is calling me. Otherwise, it doesn't make sense.
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The Arctic Ocean exports mercury to the Atlantic Ocean
Several mercury assessments carried out by different teams indicate that there would be a net export of mercury from the Arctic to the Atlantic, via Fram Strait, the only deep link between these two oceans. However, these estimates were too approximate because they were not based on observations.
Following their previous study on the export of mercury to the deep Arctic Ocean (_URL_ scientists1 led by the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) have been working on this issue.
Thanks to new data acquired during the two GEOTRACES oceanographic campaigns in 2015 and 2016, they were able to establish a new mercury balance. They estimated that mercury concentrations were higher in waters leaving the Arctic via the East Greenland Current than in those entering via the West Spitsbergen Current. They calculated that 43 ± 9 tonnes/year of Hg were transported to the Arctic Ocean, while 54 ± 13 tonnes/year were exported to the Atlantic Ocean. This new balance sheet therefore shows that the Arctic Ocean exports about 18 tonnes/year of mercury to the Atlantic Ocean, 40% of which is in the form of methyl mercury.


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functionalists claim to be physicalists--indeed, some of them, such as David Lewis have claimed to be strict reductionist-type physicalists.
Functionalism is fundamentally what Ned Block has called a broadly metaphysical thesis as opposed to a narrowly ontological one. That is, functionalism is not so much concerned with what there is as with what it is that characterizes a certain type of mental state, e.g. pain, as the type of state that it is. Previous attempts to answer the mind-body problem have all tried to resolve it by answering both questions: dualism says there are two substances and that mental states are characterized by their immateriality; behaviorism claimed that there was one substance and that mental states were behavioral disposition; physicalism asserted the existence of just one substance and characterized the mental states as physical states (as in "pain = C-fiber firings").
On this understanding, type physicalism can be seen as incompatible with functionalism, since it claims that what characterizes mental states (e.g. pain) is that they are physical in nature, while functionalism says that what characterizes pain is its functional/causal role and its relationship with yelling "ouch", etc. However, any weaker sort of physicalism which makes the simple ontological claim that everything that exists is made up of inorganic matter is perfectly compatible with functionalism. Moreover, most functionalists who are physicalists require that the properties that are quantified over in functional definitions be physical properties. Hence, they are physicalists, even though the general thesis of functionalism itself does not commit them to being so.
In the case of David Lewis, there is a distinction in the concepts of "having pain" (a rigid designator true in all possible worlds) and just "pain" (a non-rigid designator). Pain, for Lewis, stands for something like the definite description "the state with the causal role x". The referent of the description in humans is a type of brain state to be determined by science. The referent among silicon-based life forms is something else. The referent of the description among angels is some immaterial, non-physical state. For Lewis, therefore, local type-physical reductions are possible and compatible with conceptual functionalism. There seems to be some confusion between types and tokens that needs to be cleared up in the functionalist analysis.
Putnam's Twin Earth thought experimentEdit
Hilary Putnam is also responsible for one of the main arguments used against functionalism: the Twin Earth thought experiment, which was originally intended as an argument against semantic internalism. The experiment is simple and runs as follows. Imagine a Twin Earth which is identical to Earth in every way but one: water is not H2O, it's a substance XYZ. It is absolutely critical, however, to note that XYZ on Twin Earth is still called 'H2O' even though it is a different substance (i.e. the one we call 'XYZ' on Earth). Since these worlds are identical in every way but one, you and your Twin Earth Doppelganger see exactly the same things, meet exactly the same people, have exactly the same jobs, and behave exactly the same way. In other words, you share the same inputs, outputs, and relations between inputs and outputs. But there's one crucial difference. You know (or at least believe, if we wish to make a weaker claim or avoid epistemological issues) that water is H2O. Your Doppelganger knows that water is XYZ. Therefore, you differ in mental states though the causal properties that define your mental states are identical.
Most defenders of functionalism initially responded to this argument by attempting to maintain a sharp distinction between internal and external content. The internal contents of propositional attitudes, for example, would consist exclusively in those aspects of them which have no relation with the external world and which bear the necessary functional/causal properties that allow for relations with other internal mental states. Since no one has yet been able to formulate a clear basis or justification for the existence of such a distinction in mental contents, however, this idea has generally been abandoned in favor of externalist causal theories of mental contents (also known as informational semantics). Such a position is represented, for example, by Jerry Fodor's account of an "asymmetric causal theory" of mental content. This view simply entails the modification of functionalism to include within its scope a very broad interpretation of input and outputs to include the objects that are the causes of mental representations in the external world.
A main criticism of functionalism is the Inverted Spectrum scenario. This is where a person is born with a complete opposite spectrum of seeing light. "Normal" people would see Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet, where the inverted spectrum would Violet being Red, Orange being Blue, and so forth. When presented with a strawberry, a normal and inverted case would be asked to define the "redness" of the strawberry. Their inputs and outputs would be the same, so the mental state should too. A solution is the Qualia of what they where saying. By saying "it is red" they are refering to different reds in their mind.
Another common criticism of functionalism is that it implies a radical form of semantic holism. Block and Fodor (1980) referred to this as the damn/darn problem. The difference between saying "damn" or "darn" when one smashes one's finger with a hammer can be mentally significant. But since these outputs are, according to functionalism, related to many (if not all) internal mental states, two people who experience the same pain and react with different outputs must share nothing in common in any of their mental states. A possible solution to this problem is to adopt a moderate (or molecularist) form of holism. But even if this succeeds in the case of pain, in the case of beliefs and meaning, it faces the difficulty of formulating a distinction between relevant and non-relevant contents without invoking the analytic-synthetic distinction.
Searle's Chinese RoomEdit
- Main article: Chinese room
The Chinese room argument by John Searle is a more direct attack on the claim that thought can be represented as a set of functions. The thought experiment asserts that it is possible to mimic intelligent action without any interpretation or understanding through the use of a purely functional system. It attacks the idea that thought can be equated with following a set of syntactic rules.
As noted above, many functionalists responded to Searle's thought experiment by suggesting that there was a form of mental activity going on at a higher level than the man in the Chinese room could comprehend (the so-called "systems reply"). But this response runs into a more general difficulty: if functionalism ascribes minds to things that don't have them, then it is obviously too liberal. In response to this problem, Lycan (1987) suggested that much of human physiology be included in functional characterizations. But this, in turn, leads to a problem of chauvinism. The question of where exactly to draw the line here does not constitute an objection so much as a challenge to functionalists to come up with clearer ideas on what is mental and what is not.
- Levin, Janet, "Functionalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2004 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (online)
- Block, Ned. "What is functionalism" in Readings in Philosophy of Psychology, 2 vols. Vol 1. (Cambridge: Harvard, 1980).
- Brown, Curtis. 'Functionalism in Philosophy of Mind. 2000.
- Mandik, Pete. Fine-grained supervience, cognitive neuroscience, and the future of functionalism. 1998.
- Philosophy of mind
- Cognitive science
- Simulated consciousness
- Personhood Theoryde:Funktionalismus (Philosophie)
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


text: A Sherbet or Sherbert that is the frozen mixture contains unsweetened fruit juices and water or milk. Various thickeners, such as egg whites or gelatin are often added before chilling it into a frozen consistency that stiffens this mixture into an ice cream-like dessert. Another food that is often considered to be the same as a Sherbet or Sherbert is a Sorbet. Similarly a sorbet is a frozen mixture made from unsweetened fruit juice. However, a sorbet is lower in fat content than a Sherbet or Sherbert, which is lower in fat than ice cream.


Pupils at The Avenue School got into the spirit of the World Cup for a day of activities in support of the 1GOAL education for all initiative.
The campaign seizes the power of football to ensure that education for all children – regardless of economic or social situation – is a lasting impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
1GOAL brings together footballers, fans, charities, corporations and individuals to lobby and achieve the ambition to see all children having access to a good education.
For its part, children at The Avenue School, in Conwy Close, Tilehurst, were allowed to wear football kits to school and took part in a Shoot for Goal competition, a football speed cage, fancy dress competition, Find the Flag competition, Sport the Ball, and table football.
Reading FC's reserve goalkeeper Ben Hamer also visited, signing lots of autographs for loyal fans.
A screening of an official film from the 1GOAL organisers showed why education is so valuable to all the world's children, and each pupil coloured parts of an enormous football scarf which was sent to Downing Street as part of the UK children's hopes that the government provide whatever they can to enable children throughout the world to receive education.


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In the era of Facebook and Twitter, it's clear we love talking about ourselves—indeed, the topic makes up 40% of our everyday conversation. Now scientists can explain why: Doing so stimulates the brain the same way sex, food, and cash do. Researchers scanned subjects' brains and found that parts linked to those pleasures lit up when subjects chatted about themselves.
Researchers also offered study subjects up to 4 cents per question to talk about topics other than themselves, like President Obama. Turns out "people were even willing to forgo money in order to talk about themselves," says a researcher. Subjects would part with 17% to 25% of the potential cash for an opportunity for self-disclosure, the Wall Street Journal reports.


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When it comes to tennis equipment, choosing the right racket is crucial. A good racket can help you improve your game, while a bad one can hinder your progress. Among the many factors that determine the quality of this piece of equipment, weight is one of the most important. In this article, we will explore the differences between heavy and light tennis rackets and help you choose the one that is right for your game.
Tennis rackets come in different shapes, sizes, and weights. One of the most important factors to consider when choosing the proper one is its weight.
A heavy unit can provide more power and stability, while a lighter one can offer more speed and maneuverability. In the sections below, we will explore the pros and cons of both types and help you make an informed decision.
Heavy Tennis Racket
Heavy tennis rackets have long been the preferred choice of many professional and advanced players. They are designed to provide maximum power and stability on every shot, allowing players to hit with more pace and depth.
Heavy rackets typically weigh between 11 and 14 ounces and feature larger head sizes that offer a larger sweet spot and more forgiving contact. They also offer better shock absorption, which reduces the risk of injury and fatigue during long matches or training sessions.
One of the key advantages of heavy tennis rackets is their ability to generate power effortlessly. The extra weight of these rackets enables players to hit with more force and momentum, even on shots that require a longer swing or a heavier topspin.
They also offer superior stability and balance, which allows players to maintain their form and technique throughout the match. However, they may require more strength and endurance to wield, especially for players who have a slower swing speed or suffer from arm or shoulder injuries.
When it is all said and done, it is safe to say that heavy tennis rackets are a powerful and reliable choice for players who prioritize power, stability, and consistency on the court.
- More Power: They can generate more power on contact, making it easier to hit winners and put away volleys.
- Stability: Heavy rackets provide more stability and control, making it easier to hit accurate shots and keep the ball in play.
- Larger Sweet Spot: They have larger head sizes, which offer a larger sweet spot, making it easier to hit shots with power and accuracy.
- Reduced Vibration: Heavy rackets offer better shock absorption, reducing the impact on your arm and wrist.
- Less Maneuverability: Heavy rackets can be difficult to maneuver, making it harder to hit shots on the run or react to fast serves.
- More Tiring: These rackets require more effort to swing, which can be tiring over a long match.
- More Difficult to Use: They require a strong swing and good technique, making them more difficult to use for beginners or players with weaker swings.
Light Tennis Racket
Light tennis rackets are generally favored by players who value agility and speed on the court. They are ideal for anyone who prefers a fast-paced game and has a natural swing speed that allows them to generate power without the need for additional weight.
Light rackets are also an excellent option for players who suffer from arm or shoulder injuries and need a more forgiving racket that puts less strain on their joints.
One of the key benefits of light tennis rackets is their maneuverability. Due to their reduced weight, these rackets are easier to swing and adjust during rallies, making them suitable for players who like to mix up their shots and create different angles.
These units also offer more control and precision than heavier models, as they allow players to place the ball with greater accuracy and finesse. However, they may require more effort to generate power and depth, especially on shots that require a longer swing or a heavier topspin.
- More Maneuverability: They are easy to maneuver, making it easier to hit shots on the run or react to fast serves.
- More Speed: Light rackets are easier to swing, which allows you to generate more racket head speed, giving you more power and spin on your shots.
- More Control: These rackets come with smaller head sizes, which offer more control and precision, making it easier to hit accurate shots.
- Less Power: Light rackets generate less power on contact, making it harder to hit winners and put away volleys.
- Less Stability: They offer less stability and control, making it harder to hit accurate shots and keep the ball in play.
Factors to Consider When Choosing between Heavy and Light Tennis Rackets
Ultimately, the choice between a heavy or light tennis racket depends on your playing style, skill level, and physical condition. Here are some factors to consider when making your decision:
1. Playing Style
If you play a baseline game and rely on power shots, a heavy racket may be the better choice. Conversely, if you play a more defensive game and rely on speed and maneuverability, a light racket may be more suitable.
2. Skill Level
If you are a beginner or intermediate player, a lighter racket may be easier to handle and less tiring to use. However, as you progress in skill level and physical condition, you may want to consider transitioning to a heavier racket to gain more power and control.
3. Physical Condition
If you have weak arm or wrist strength or suffer from injuries, a lighter racket may be the safer and more comfortable choice. However, if you have the strength and conditioning to handle a heavier racket, you may benefit from the additional power and stability.
4. Court Surface
The court surface you play on can also affect your choice of racket weight. For example, if you play on a fast court, a heavier racket may help you generate more power and momentum. Conversely, on a slow court, a lighter racket may help you maneuver more easily.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How do I know if a racket is too heavy for me?
A racket may be too heavy for you if you feel fatigued or lose control during matches or if you experience pain or discomfort in your arm or shoulder. You can try different weights and balance points to find the right racket for your level and style of play.
2. Can a heavy racket improve my serve?
Yes, a heavy racket can help you generate more power and control on your serve, especially if you have a strong arm and use a continental grip. However, you should also work on your technique and footwork to maximize your serve effectiveness.
3. Is it better to use a heavy or light tennis racket?
It depends on your playing style and preferences. Heavy rackets provide more power and stability, but they require more effort to swing. Light rackets are easier to maneuver and can help you generate more spin and speed, but they may lack control and stability.
4. Are light rackets more suitable for beginners?
Light rackets can be more forgiving and easier to handle for beginners who are still developing their strokes and coordination. However, they may also promote bad habits and limit your potential in the long run. It's important to find a racket that balances comfort, control, and performance for your level and goals.
5. Can I use a hybrid of heavy and light rackets?
Yes, you can customize your racket setup by combining different weights, strings, grips, and dampeners to suit your needs and preferences. For example, you can use a heavy racket for your groundstrokes and a light racket for your volleys, or vice versa. Just make sure you experiment and practice with your new setup before using it in matches.
Choosing the right tennis racket is crucial for players of all levels and styles. The decision between a heavy and a light one ultimately comes down to personal preference and individual playing style.
While a light racket offers more maneuverability and control, a heavy one provides more power and stability on every shot. Players should consider factors such as their swing speed, physical condition, and playing goals when selecting a tennis racket that fits their needs.
Furthermore, it is important to remember that a tennis racket is just one of many factors that contribute to a successful game. Consistent practice, proper technique, and mental focus are also essential components of a winning strategy.
Ultimately, whether you choose a heavy or light racket, the key to success is to find the one that complements your playing style and helps you achieve your goals on the court. By making an informed decision and putting in the hard work, any player can improve their game and take their tennis skills to the next level.
We recently published an article about tennis net height that you should check out if you want to find out more about the universal rules of the game.


Everyone swells up like hot dogs in the Summer, right?
I literally just saw my second patient today with the complaint of leg swelling. 'Tis the season.
When is leg swelling abnormal?
Let me first say that we all have swelling from time to time. It is very normal. The simplest explanation is that we all swell a bit when it's warmer outside. Just think about it—a hot dog gets fatter when cooked due to the heat and the sodium it contains. Our legs are the same. So, a little bit of swelling is normal, especially if it's both legs and we've been on them for a longer time than usual in the heat. Once we rest and elevate and they return to normal size, it's likely normal. However, if swelling persists even after elevating, you may need to see your doctor to make sure it's not due to another cause.
One sided, particularly, the left side or leg swelling can also be normal. We also normally have more swelling on the left side of the body than the right, due to the way our main blood vessels in the body sit in the chest and abdominal cavity.
The first that comes to mind is a heart condition, such as congestive heart failure. There are two types of this condition; systolic (when the heart muscle contracts) and diastolic (when it relaxes). One can imagine if the heart doesn't pump blood or receive blood well, how it can lead to a back flow of fluid and cause swelling in the legs. Generally speaking, not only can heart failure cause fluid in the legs, but it can also cause fluid in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or difficulty breathing when lying flat. So, when a patient is concerned about abnormal swelling, I always ask questions about these other symptoms to be reassured.
Other causes include hypothyroidism, iron deficiency anemia, obesity, liver disease, or eating too much salt. All in all, if swelling continues to be an issue and doesn't go away for weeks, before you reach for that over the counter water pill, go see your doctor.
Be healthy and be blessed,
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