eyes. However, that's not the point I was making. My focus is READABILITY, not how much light goes into your eye.
 The fact is when you're reading white text on a dark background in a WELL-LIT ROOM, as opposed to a dark room, the shape of the words and letters won't come out as clear as black text on a light background for the reasons mentioned in the article.
 Is a pure, white background the ideal background for reading paragraph text? Probably not for the reasons you mentioned. But a LIGHT background with a tint of grayness in it? Yes.
 - meh Reply
 "My focus is READABILITY, not how much light goes into your eye."
 Well, speaking for those of us with overactive photoreceptors, I can't read when my eyes hurt because of staring at bright, white websites all the time.
 And screw people with astigmatism. At least my mutation is an advantage during blackouts.
 - Dan Reply
 "Screw people with astigmatism"? That's about HALF the species. SCREW YOU, MORON.
 - Jay Porter Reply
 Meh, regarding your comment, "And screw people with astigmatism. At least my mutation is an advantage during blackouts," are you a cat?
 - Mihails Reply
 You can just lowering brightness of the monitor, adjust it to be like e-paper.
 3. drew Reply
 You have it backwards.
 First of all, light off a monitor is not based upon reflection. It's based upon transmission.
 Secondly, most vision is based upon contrast, which is the DIFFERENCE between two areas. Grey on black (or white for that matter) is harder to discern. This is why eye examinations are conducted with black on white, for the contrast.
 And Third, aside from color-confusion/blindness issues, the actual color of text/background does not matter. What does matter is that it is a color that would register sufficiently differently to the eyes (generally referred to as a contrasting color). Color, in this case, referring to hue, saturation, and luminosity.
 That being said, even if we hold the supporting statements to your theory to be true, reason and science tell us that the bright thing in the middle of the dark is going to be easier to discern than the dark thing in the middle of the bright, if for no other reason than light spreads, and dark, being the lack of light, does not.
 - anthony Reply
 You are right that monitors emit light. But when you're viewing your monitor in a well-lit room, your screen also reflects light. That's why when you read white text on a dark background in a dark room, it's easier to read than in a well-lit room. Developers often work in dark, dim rooms. That's why coding apps use white text on a dark background to make it easy on theirs eyes.
 How can you say color doesn't matter, but then say contrast, hue, saturation and brightness matter? These are all apart of color. Different colors have different degrees of contrast, hue, etc. So color does matter.
 You're looking at this article wrong. This article is not talking about how many people can point out the bright thing in a dark room vs. a dark thing in a light room. That's a totally different context. This article is specifically talking about the readability of text.
 - Romelle D Reply
 If you are talking about readability of white text vs black text, then why do most code editors come in a dark theme. Why is terminal window on mac defautl to black. If what you are saying is true. We need to shift the defaults for developers.
 4. Remco Dekker Reply
 How about White on Black on mobile phones? In my experience it can be nicer. Like when it's dark, it's much calmer for your eyes because you don't have the light of the bright screen in your face.
 5. Kenny Brijs Reply
 That's some advice to keep in mind 🙂
 I was amazed that grey text on black background is actually easier to read than white text on black bg, but it's true 🙂
 Good to know, and thx for the article 😉
 6. Stuart Lawson Reply
 Thanks again for this great article, over the 5000+ designs that I have created, having solid white on black is painful compared to having the text slightly gray on black (even if it is just a little bit less white, it helps.) Keep up the great articles!
 7. business Reply
 It all depends on your audience..There are a few options you can use when deciding what colours to use when designing your games menus and screens Either dark text on a light background light text on a light background light text on a dark background or dark text on a dark background..Black text on a White background.
 Black text on a white background is the most common way that text either printed or on web pages is presented. This dates back to the times before computers and type writers when the majority of printed text was found in books and in newspapers.
 An example of a game that uses a dark coloured text on a light background is Assassins Creed shown below..The amount of light reflected from a white background can actually cause tiredness or slight pain in some peoples eyes but because presenting information in this way is how many are used to the best way to make sure that the viewer is most comfortable when reading your piece of information is by using an off-white shade.
 8. James Dunne Reply
 In contrast to many comments here, I have to agree with you simply because the grey text on black is far easier to read than full white text on black. This, I believe, is the core idea regardless of the science behind it and anyone arguing over the science is pretty much arguing semantics at the end of it all.
 It's not actually an argument against light text on a dark background but rather an argument against true white on dark backgrounds. White is light but light doesn't necessarily mean white – it's simple logic.
 Also, if anyone's noticed, programmers are not exactly known for their astonishing eyesight. I've tried working with a similar screen style but it just hurt too much and slowed me down massively.
 Finally, I also believe that dark text on a white background isn't exactly ideal either and that it's often beneficial to reduce the brightness of the background.
 - azurelunatic Reply
 I get an increase in readability from a light grey background rather than a white one as well.
 After having looked at the alternatives, my preferred color schemes are always going to involve light grey instead of white, and a dark grey instead of black. It's amazing how much difference it makes.
 But when the science cited is wrong, I'm still going to quibble. 😉
 9. Charles Reply
 Another example of this is in the website for Two Black Sheep Coffee.
 Black background, Grey text, White (or red) highlights.
 It is easy on eyes, to read.
 10. Matt Reply
 Do I see it right that you placed the light-on-black in BOLD type and the dark-on-light type in NORMAL?
 If so – how can you compare both?
 - anthony Reply
 They are both in normal type. Read the article and you will know why the light on black looks more bold. Everything in the article is absolutely correct.
 11. andy Reply
 An interesting read, but I'm afraid this article hasn't taken in to account a critical component; there is a massive difference between how we perceive, and what affects, transmissive and reflective light.
 As azurelunatic has already mentioned, reflective light, which is discussed within this article, is how we perceive printed words and colours, such as text in a book or in a newspaper, and is not relevant when discussing how to use colour displayed on a computer monitor.
 Computer monitors are based almost entirely on transmissive light, which is not the same as reflective light, and the issues that affect how we should approach type for online are therefore not covered at all within this article. Transmissive light comes with its own issues and considerations.
 e-ink is the exception to this rule, which uses technology to create text that is viewed through reflective light.
 I would suggest further research is required here if you wish to include type displayed on a computer monitor. As it stands, this is a well written article when discussing printed text only.
 12. Panama foundation Reply
 To me this is an accessibility issue the same way many people with prefer light-on-dark text and may have problems similar to or worse.than mine when reading dark-on-light text. I still struggle with high-contrast light-on-dark designs.So if you want to use light text on a dark background please provide an.alternate stylesheet that turns the whole design not just the content area.back to dark on light. You should also consider what Mark Boulton has to Five simple steps to better typography When reversing colour out eg white text on black make sure you increase.the leading tracking and decrease your font-weight.
 13. Biju Neyyan Reply
 Hi Anthony, thank you for such nice 'observations' regarding white-on-black, black-on-white text.
 The results are right there, making me realize that one set is super easy to read while the other set is not….
 but still, i think you MUST get a little more into physics and try to understand how stuff works.
 But at the same time, let me point out it again that your '


[Paleopsych] Hartford Courant: The Mind of the Psychopath: Contours of Evil
Premise Checker checker at panix.com
Sun Jan 1 23:11:58 UTC 2006
The Mind of the Psychopath: Contours of Evil
Researchers Study How The Mind Works When There's No Remorse
Hartford Courant Staff Writer
December 18 2005
Dr. Kent A. Kiehl has interviewed dozens of psychopaths over the past
their heinous acts he remains as astonished as he is repulsed.
"I think, 'I can't believe this guy is telling me he bashed in his mother's
head with a propane tank,'" Kiehl says.
Kiehl and a team of researchers at Hartford Hospital's Institute of Living are
using brain scans in an attempt to explain the inexplicable: What makes some
people absolutely devoid of empathy and remorse?
Society needs answers because of the sheer havoc psychopaths create, the
researchers say. Superficially charming, psychopaths lie, steal, rape, rob,
embezzle, assault and abuse with no compunction, no conscience. But all
psychopaths are notoriously impervious to rehabilitation.
Psychopaths account for a quarter of all prisoners in the United States - and
for as much as 50 percent of all violent crime, the researchers estimate.
There are also hundreds of thousands of psychopaths in the United States who
manage to stay out of prison, but nonetheless dole out immeasurable amounts of
pain in homes, schools, even corporate boardrooms.
Within the pattern of bright blue and yellow blotches on the brain scans he has
taken, Kiehl believes he has found the dark contours of the psychopathic mind.
When psychopaths see or hear emotional words or pictures of misery, areas of
their brains that should light up like a Christmas tree are dark and devoid of
activity. Instead, their brains process information such as a picture of a
bereaved mother holding her dead child in the same way they would react to a
picture of a chair or shovel.
Psychopaths seem to know the words, but they can't hear the music, researchers
often say.
In probing the abyss of the psychopathic mind, Kiehl and others are raising
questions about our criminal justice system and our assumptions about human
Beyond Bundy
Kiehl's own quest began with stories his father, a newspaper editor, told about
serial killer Ted Bundy, who grew up in the same Tacoma, Wash., neighborhood as
the Kiehls.
Bundy was the archetypal psychopath - handsome, disarmingly charming and
utterly ruthless. His outwardly clean-cut appearance and his cunning - he
volunteered for a suicide hot line and the Republican Party - made Bundy a
virtuoso killer. He was known to use crutches as props and feign car trouble to
induce young victims to give him a ride. He eventually confessed to more than
two dozen murders, but he is thought to have killed dozens more during a spree
in the midto late 1970s.
"The question has always been, 'What makes people do something like that?'"
Kiehl said.
Years later, while doing postgraduate studies in neurobiology at the University
of California at Davis, Kiehl decided he would try to answer the question.
He launched a campaign to get hired in the lab of the guru of psychopathy:
Robert D. Hare, now professor emeritus of psychology at the University of
British Columbia.
Hare told him he "didn't hire Americans." But after a concerted sales pitch,
which included a gift of baseball tickets to a Toronto Blue Jays game, Kiehl
says Hare relented and hired the young researcher in 1994.
It was an auspicious time in psychopathy research. Hare's research had given
the nascent field some terminology to use. And new imaging technology was just
beginning to open a window onto the dark world of the psychopathic brain.
The personality type had been known for centuries. In the 18th century,
Frenchman Philippe Pinel coined the term "insanity without delirium" to
describe aberrant behavior accompanied by a complete lack of remorse. The study
of psychopathy in the United States dates from 1941, when Hervey Cleckley
published a book called "The Mask of Sanity" that described psychopaths as
unusually intelligent people, characterized by a "poverty of emotions."
But it wasn't until Hare devised his psychopathy checklist in 1980 - which he
revised in 1991 - that an easily identified set of personality characteristics
defined the condition and opened up a field of research.
"There was a gut feeling that there was something different" about psychopaths,
Hare said.
There was.
Grading Psychopaths
Psychopaths aren't crazy, at least in a traditional medical sense, but they are
unfettered by any sense of shame or guilt. Symptoms can show up early in life.
Psychopathic children have total disregard for rules and engage in unusually
vicious assaults or torture animals. Kiehl has received a federal grant to see
whether children diagnosed with "callous conduct disorder" might actually be
budding psychopaths.
Researchers have come to the conclusion that while a hostile environment can
contribute to the development of psychopathy, many psychopaths are born, not
made. Studies of twins suggest that psychopathic tendencies can develop even in
loving homes. Some studies suggest that male psychopaths outnumber females by
about 3 to 1. The general lack of social causes for the disorder is one reason
why most experts no longer use the term "sociopath" to describe a psychopath.
Researchers say as many as 1 out of every 100 people in the United States may
meet the classification of a psychopath; serial killers make up a tiny minority
of them.
The revised psychopathy checklist, known as the PCL-R, lists 20 traits and
behaviors common to the disorder. Experts who are trained in administering the
test score subjects with a 0, 1 or 2 on each item on the checklist. Hare said
most people might score a 4 on his PCL-R checklist. A person is not designated
a psychopath unless he or she scores 30 or more on the scale of 40.
The higher the score, the more devastation a psychopath is likely to cause.
Somebody who scores a 27 probably wouldn't be a great dinner guest.
Psychopaths are pathological liars who crave stimulation, are sexually
promiscuous and unable to control their behavior. They typically lack realistic
long-term goals.
They may be master manipulators, but psychopaths have a hard time concealing
their nature from people trained to use the checklist, Kiehl said. Inevitably,
they lie, boast or reveal their callousness.
"They can't help themselves," he said.
People who deal with psychopaths have observed another shared quality, one not
on the checklist or easily measured. There is something different about their
eyes. The gaze of the psychopath is disquieting, even frightening, and has been
described as cold or penetrating, empty, reptilian, not quite human.
They lack any depth to their emotions and the ability to connect emotion to
"They don't quite get it," Hare said. "There is something missing."
'I Never Hurt People'
In the mid-1990s, in Canadian prisons, Kiehl began to perfect the art of using
the checklist to score prisoners, who were told their interviews would not be
shared with law enforcement authorities. In training tapes he recorded, Kiehl,
a burly former football player, maintains a steady voice as he peppers subjects
with short questions. In one tape, a 30-something man with long sideburns and
thinning hair, dressed in a green windbreaker, answers Kiehl's questions with
an easy smile, a collegial, confiding, "just between us boys" air.
"Sideburns" confesses to bootlegging cigarettes, petty thefts.
"Do you have a temper?" asks Kiehl, who is off camera.
"Oh yes, explosive," Sideburns answers.
"Do you assault people?"
"Oh, I never physically hurt people."
"What happens when you lose your temper?"
"Oh, I can just lose it. Like the time I killed my girlfriend."
The blurted truth comes quick as a cobra strike. There is nothing in the man's
face or voice to suggest he even recognizes he had told a lie about hurting
people. When he relates how he held his girlfriend's head under water in a
bathtub, there is no hesitation or pause in his voice, no change in tenor or
inflection that hints he is aware the interview has shifted to a different
moral ground.
"Police said she was already unconscious," he says, as if the statement
absolves him of wrongdoing.
He changes the subject to all the stolen electronic equipment he gave the
For the first time, Sideburns seems a bit worked up.
When you steal electronics, he asks, "Do you know how hard it is to find remote
Spotting The Predators
Warning the public about the dangers of such psychopaths is a passion for Hare,
author of the book "Without Conscience


text:
If you've been to a climbing gym in the US, chances are you have seen the Yosemite Decimal System (5.1-5.X) on the roped climbing routes and the Vermin (V0-VX) grades on the bouldering problems. In this edition of On Sight, we'll demystify climbing grades, and take a closer look at how a subjective sport like climbing tangles with the objective world of numbers and letters.
The Origins of Bouldering Grades
John Gill has a Ph.D. in complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, but you probably remember him better as the man who brought chalk to climbing. If you don't know John Gill, well, you should. Aside from being the patron saint of chalk bags everywhere, John made bouldering a sport in its own right. Naturally, he was the first to introduce a grading system for boulders: The B-System.
On the other hand, we have John "The Vermin" Sherman. John Sherman does not have a Ph. D. in mathematics, or even a permanent residence to the best of my knowledge. Sherman does, however, have a very famous guidebook to his name—Stone Crusade: A Historical Guide to Bouldering in America. First published in 1994, the book contained the infamous V-Scale (V for Vermin) made its debut. Now, the V grades are just about the only bouldering grading system one encounters in the United States.
Despite their differences, John Gill and John Sherman both had reservations about grading climbs. Anticipating the "squabbles" over the subjectivity of bouldering, Gill wrote, "Reach, and body compactness would make the B-system absurd for occasional problems, and climbers of different strengths would dispute the grading."
Sherman, famously, didn't even include grades in the first draft of Stone Crusade.
At the urging of his editor, he would later crowdsource grades by consensus of other climbers at Hueco Tanks. He was careful to mention that a variety of factors influence grades and are not gospel. In his signature style, Sherman writes, "If all boulderers had the exact same physical characteristics (height, reach, hand size, strength, weight, flexibility, etc.), technical ability, mental parameters…then perhaps it would be my duty to unify America into one rating system." But they don't. Indoors and out, V grades are suggestions of difficulty fortified by consensus.
Climbing Grades at Tufas: Circuit Grading
Taking advantage of the subjectivity of climbing, many gyms across the world have moved to grade climbs on a circuit. Borrowing from the circuit grading tradition of Fontainebleau, the modern system is about doing a series of boulders that have similar difficulty. This is done to round out a particular skill set, and build endurance and speed by climbing through the circuits faster each time.
The circuit grading system leaves wiggle room for the grading of each climb. At Tufas, for example, each circuit covers three grades, with an overlap between them:
Furthermore, the circuit grading system puts the power in the climber's hands by letting them assess the problem and judge the difficulty of a route for themselves. "Aside from being an outstanding training tool, the circuit grading system also encourages people to try different routes without psyching themselves out," says Rory, our head routesetter. He adds, "They're forced to look carefully and ask themselves, 'where is the tough part? where does it get tricky?' instead automatically writing a climb off just because it's a number in either direction."
The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS)
For roped climbing indoors, a truncated version of the Yosemite Decimal System is typically used. The first number in the Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) refers to the class of terrain: Class 1: walking or hiking; Class 2: some scrambling and use of hands; Class 3: heavy scrambling; Class 4: heavy scrambling with a lot of exposure, falls could be fatal; Class 5: technical, roped, rock climbing. Class 5 climbs are further subdivided into the difficulty of the technical climbing. This subdivision is responsible for the second number in the YDS grade:
|5.0 – 5.6||Beginner: think ladder with some missing rungs|
|5.7 – 5.9||Intermediate: the wall steepens at parts, the holds get smaller, and the climbing becomes more technical|
|5.10 – 5.12||Advanced: steep angles for most of the climb with small holds, or miniscule holds on a vertical face|
|5.12 <||Elite: very overhung climbing on miniscule holds, great amount of climbing technique and dedication required|
After 5.10, the grades are further subdivided by a letter: 5.10a would be easier than a 5.10c, for example.
Outside of hold sizes, distances between holds, and angles of the walls, not too many things can measure the difficulty of an indoor climb. While there are certain techniques—toe hooks or drop-knees—that one wouldn't expect on a beginner route, other aspects that shape the perceived difficulty of a climb can be pretty nebulous. Consider, for example, the level of commitment a move requires, or how tricky or intuitive the movement is.
It's important to remember that outdoor climbing grades are a byproduct of their time, region, community, and history. A V5 climb on Haycock Mountain won't be the same as a V5 climb in Mount Gretna, even though they're less than two hours away from each other. Introduce the diversity of human bodies, strength, and flexibility, "mental parameters" (to quote John Sherman), and pretty soon, a V5 in Haycock doesn't feel the same as another V5 in Haycock.
Z. Kudratov wrote this, among other things. He's an imported Philadelphian with a soft spot for public transportation, public radio, and the PMA.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


is very system specific, in the POSIX sense the root of the filesystem it seems will be the bland '$' handler it is bound to.
However, despite this file like view of everything I will not go crazy and have a dev filesystem or a proc filesystem, you can use system APIs to access that stuff. Special character devices and block devices are ugly because you either make a protocol 1000 times over or use 1000 ioctls and fctls. But to describe the bit flag value type, flags could be combined. This would mean that doing "=rw" will only list files that are both readable and writeable. Now the main problem is that this is currently at a single level, so you could not add more tag types to refine searches (say you want all images that are mostly red and were created on a Tuesday). You would then need to perform an advanced query of tag data.
Thinking about all of that I know something better. The major:field stuff as before, all the of the equals stuff will be literal tag values which are set and those directories will contain every file that has the specified tag set based on their directory locality. So the "unix:path" will be used in that where it would be a simple system.
This provides a simple one dimensional view and could be useful for bulk operations to see everything. However the one major thing that would be used now is a query system to do advanced searches. And that will be the special "lex$" specifier. This still has to make valid URI path components so the useful characters is limited, and the POSIX shell has special characters already. Although : is used in the path component and = are in variables, they can just be escaped. A single dollar sign is also never expanded if it is followed by a / so that is a non-issue. In the query form, each directory will consist of a single path component after the point to specificy a lexer pattern for searching. One hintful thing is that "q$" should be an alias as it is shorter and probably easier to remember. When a query is terminated it provides the search results that match the "unix:path" so they are similar to the global forms used. Queries in the special handler will always start with +. If a file or directory in the result starts with a + then it will be escaped so you will see an ugly "\\+" in the name of the file, that way you do not end up starting a new search at all. So anything not starting with + is not a tag search request. All search forms must then consist of normal URI characters and other characters that would not cause handling to explode. They will still take full forms but escaped forms would be completely acceptable. The special handling character in this case will be +. It should be noted that something to the lines of "+acl:link=rwx/+image:color=red" means to use only files that are read/write/executable and are red images.
A (set) consists of:
Value match
This handles major:field specific handler data in plain English so that is
is easier to determine what the typed information means.
Literal exact value match, no special translation:
This is a literal match, all forms must exactly match the data in the
specified way. This would be the same as if you read the attribute in
(the eventual) Java code and requested the raw information.
Result modifiers (always at the start), these may be stacked
"~" : NOT match, anything that would not match becomes matched.
"gleh!" : Force numerical value match, where value is a number or a type
of unit.
g = greater than
l = less than
e = equal to.
h = Use "human-readable" amounts (B K M G etc.)
In the sense of a size
B = 1 byte (8 bits)
K = 1024 bytes (8192 bits)
M = _PHONE_ bytes (_PHONE_ bits)
... and so on
b = 1 bit (---)
k = 1000 bits (125 bytes)
m = _PHONE_ bits (125000 bytes)
... and so on
Since these are extrapolated readable values, there may be
prefixes such as:
s = Seconds
m = Minutes
h = Hours
ms = milliseconds
ns = nanoseconds
... and so on
So "lex$/+ge!file:size=16K" would match all files which are
greater than or equal to 16 * 1024 bytes.
And "lex$/+l!sound:length=3m" would match all sounds files which
are shorter than 3 minutes in length.
Otherwise, (major), (field), and (value) have the following potential.
Literal single byte hex value, "+x00" would be the NUL byte.
16-bit Unicode literal, same as \U in Java.
24-bit Unicode literal, for higher numerical pairs.
A literal plus sign (becomes +).
A literal forward slash (becomes /).
A literal backwards slash (becomes \).
A literal dollar sign (becomes $).
Stop parsing special
Start matching group set, ends at "+e".
Internal OR to group match set (akin to perl: "(foo|bar)").
End matching group set, starts at "+g".
Match character/group exactly ## times (count).
Match character/group exactly ## times or more (count).
Match character/group exactly ## times or less (count).
Match character/group exactly either ## or in between those values (count).
Match character/group outside of the specified ranges (count).
Wildcard, can be any character.
Major and field would be best forced to lower case always, but value could be any case.


text:
Study of Hail with C B and Dual Linear Polarization Radar
Liu Liping Xu Baoxiang Wang Zhijun Wang Jun(Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atomspheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730001 )
This paper presents the calculations of the scattering properties of hydrometeors with different shapes and phases. Based on these properties and ZDR features of rain and clond echos, the dual linear polarization radar RHI data observed during hailstorm processes on August 9 and August 30, 1990 are analysed. We deduced that the area with negative ZDR values corresponded to hail shafts where may appear large oblate hailstones and small conical hailstones, and the area with great positive Z D R values corresponded to raining area. The Z D R greater than 5dB was caused by huge raindrops (D0.5cm). It is possible to detect the presence of hail using ZDR as a criterion. Compared with a S-band radar, the C-band dual linear polarization radar is unique in several aspects : the Z DR values are larger in raining area and smaller and negative in hail shooting area, which are useful for the study of microphysics and spatial structure of storms. The dual linear polarization radar will be impartant to cloud physics and weather modification.


text:
In mathematics, the Iwasawa decomposition KAN of a semisimple Lie group generalises the way a square real matrix can be written as a product of an orthogonal matrix and an upper triangular matrix (a consequence of Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization). It is named after Kenkichi Iwasawa, the Japanese mathematician who developed this method.
- G is a connected semisimple real Lie group.
- is the Lie algebra of G
- is the complexification of.
- θ is a Cartan involution of
- is the corresponding Cartan decomposition
- is a maximal abelian subalgebra of
- Σ is the set of restricted roots of, corresponding to eigenvalues of acting on.
- Σ+ is a choice of positive roots of Σ
- is a nilpotent Lie algebra given as the sum of the root spaces of Σ+
- K, A, N, are the Lie subgroups of G generated by and.
Then the Iwasawa decomposition of is
and the Iwasawa decomposition of G is
The dimension of A (or equivalently of ) is called the real rank of G.
Iwasawa decompositions also hold for some disconnected semisimple groups G, where K becomes a (disconnected) maximal compact subgroup provided the center of G is finite.
The restricted root space decomposition is
where is the centralizer of in and is the root space. The number is called the multiplicity of.
If G=SLn(R), then we can take K to be the orthogonal matrices, A to be the positive diagonal matrices, and N to be the unipotent group consisting of upper triangular matrices with 1s on the diagonal.
Non-Archimedean Iwasawa decomposition
There is an analogon to the above Iwasawa decomposition for a non-Archimedean field : In this case, the group can be written as a product of the subgroup of upper-triangular matrices and the (maximal compact) subgroup, where is the ring of integers of.
- Fedenko, A.S.; Shtern, A.I. (2001), "I/i053060", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4
- A. W. Knapp, Structure theory of semisimple Lie groups, in ISBN 0-8218-0609-2: Representation Theory and Automorphic Forms: Instructional Conference, International Centre for Mathematical Sciences, March 1996, Edinburgh, Scotland (Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics) by T. N. Bailey (Editor), Anthony W. Knapp (Editor)
- Iwasawa, Kenkichi: On some types of topological groups. Annals of Mathematics (2) 50, (1949), 507–558.
- Bump, Automorphic Forms and Representations, Prop. 4.5.2


text: The Equator Principles (EP) are international guidelines for project finance; they target socially and environmentally responsible projects related to large infrastructures and industrial plants, such as energy plants, oil refineries, mines, transports, and telecommunications infrastructures. The aim of this work is the set-up of a methodology for the assessment of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions, that can support the decision-making process of an EPC Company when evaluating different technological alternatives, to select the best available, economically profitable, and environmentally sustainable option, in line with the application of the EP. The assessment of the GHG emissions has gained importance with the issue of latest EP's version (Equator Principles IV, in force since 2021) that require to perform a Climate Change Risk Assessment associated to Projects. The methodology has been applied, as part of an Energy Efficiency Project, to two different units of an existing Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) Plant built and set into operation by Tecnimont S.p.A. in the last decade: the steam boiler system and the main compressors (reactor effluent compressors). The methodology for GHG accounting has been applied both to the technical solutions currently implemented in the plant ('base' cases) and hypothetical 'alternative' technical solutions, with the final goal to assess efficiency and effectiveness of the measures that can be taken to reduce the emissions. For each 'base case' and its corresponding 'alternative solution' a cost estimate has been performed too. The results provide useful information both in terms of carbon footprint and the costs related to the application of the Equator Principles, even in Projects in which their application is not mandatory.


Associationists denied metaphysics (as provable, not necessarily they claimed it disprovable -- only physicalists do) but that was nothing to do with its induction issue
In fact, it is no more this than it was naive realism
Naive realism rejects metaphysics in discovery+proof. Physicalism doesnt only refuse to use it or accept its validity, it claims it readily disprovable VIIIIIA naive realist suppositions+methods
Induction is a problem of universals.
Newton was an inductive thinker. Hume was not
But hume was only an externalist. Not Reideian
Reideian is where popper goes
And that is as accurate hegel calling newton basically an atheist
Oi at 7:52 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17284 | reply | quote
That essentially places it on the extreme mirror of so-called "radical empiricism"
Popper would be "radical relativist"
The problem of universals is not about relativism
The godel theorem does not either even claim this
Relativity to what?
Relativity to variables or perception?
He is attempting to apply it to variables but instead just falls to pluralizing perception
That is just truth pluralism in the modern sense. Not plurality in the sense, all people believe diff things
Nor applied to beliefs as that is
Rather, applied, he attempts to fix, or solve the correspondence DISPUTE by positing facticity as a form of truthiness, not simply clarify how facts apply to the universe, truly
But truth applies fact. Fact does not apply truth
That is not a demarcation
Induction is proving. This is just defining consensus
Like it is true ashkenazim have a higher iq on average than me,
But it does not hold, all are necessarily better at banking at physics at computers at astronomy
But you would falsify to best justify latter statement
Thats great in applying per praxiology because we dont do the human reason axiom as hayek means, the action axiom instead
But as a theory of facticity, it is false
Whether or not the fact is USEFUL to truth DOES NOT CHANGE IT FROM BEING CORRECT
It is simply then a USELESS fact
But a fact nonetheless independent usefulness
Now, induction would be an issue of measuring 1 ashkenazi jews iq and declaring ALL ASHKENAZIM are 165 iq
That would be induction
But it is still the factual average
And whether all ashkenazim are 165, induction,
Is not relevant to the usefulness now is it?
The archetype is. Some minds are objective or abstractual
There is also interest. And whether that fills a gap in skill demand or he gets the job
But since what is being tested or falsified against is not the iq question, but specialty,
It isnt really solving induction. It is solving usefulness
Usefulness might be a SOCIOLOGICAL inductive dilemma, sure
Nobody phrases it that way but ok sure great
And yet, it still doesnt explain how, by LOWERING the threshold for SCIENTIFIC PROOF, he does not OPEN the door to SOCIOLOGISM or PSYCHOLOGISM from claiming to be science
He does not demarcate. He only lowers scientific threshold
By doing that, sociology+science have a comparable, almost even burden of proof
What made sociology true is it didnt need fact
What makes science DEMARCATED is it DOES NEED fact
If science no longer needs fact,
You arent proving sociology is dually true
You are simply eliminating science
He claims to not do this
But does. And in doing so, this effort at reconciling the divide, ONLY BLURS IT FURTHER
For something to demarcate, it must be distinctly 2 things
If there is a blur, what are you demarcating?
You cant demarcate something that has no distinction
Demarcate means separate. Separate implies difference
If there is no difference there is no separation
He only distinguishes the fields
But he is denying half is valid as an INDEPENDENT study
Science isnt distinguishable by its conclusion. It is distinguishable by its method and its use
Once you blur the method, you cant distinguish the use or conclusion
He only distinguishes these 2 in that he disagrees with said distinctness
He might think he is only solving induction
But induction is still an empirical issue
To apply sociology to solve induction is to misunderstand means vs conclusion
Science needs means to prove. Sociology is a means or something idk whatever, the shared abstract of it is i mean - the unseeable yada
But he is applying sociology as a conclusion
That only ACKNOWLEDGES induction occurs
Newton was wrong to assume gravity then is present in space
According to popper, before we found it is zerogravity,
We could assume space is QUASI gravity
Apply that to something like genes
It is true by falsification TILL LATER NOTICE, equally that all living things are made of genes AND that NOT ALL are
We can after all, only verify (lakatos) the species weve examined have genes
But BOTH CANT BE TRUE. How do you FALSIFY that to separate it from lakatos?
You cant falsify by examining every specie. And youve verified not falsified those youve examined
We do discover species EVEN TODAY that wed no idea existed
Not only cryptospecies, but in the hadal or marianna as well bony fish we thought extinct
But if we assume because we have not examined with certainty every last specie nor can possibly know, if and once we do we did,
What is falsified about genes?
If we to solve induction must assume there is always a next contradictory specimen,
In poppers own words, you simply wait till or IF you can falsify ANYTHING
Aka it is impossible to ever
He accepts that is the case
But it doesnt answer probability
Gravity is a simple concept to prove or falsify
If the thesis is about a gazillion diff pieces and of a broad variable,
He suggests we cannot prove all species have genes
But it doesnt take idk vertibrae to prove
Though not all species have human type dna, they do have genetics of a TYPE
Even algae is able to reproduce TOO.
Oi at 8:21 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17285 | reply | quote
His critique is biology isnt truth
His proposal is biology cant be proven
Unless truth is fact, ergo the paradox in correspondence theory,
He cannot do this
If correspondence theory is fact means truth, his is that truth means fact
Circular. If fact is truth or truth is fact, you still have an "equals"
Whether it is equal to correspondence in THAT ORDER is what us coders would write as:
He is "==" to positivism in the same way nondual logic accepts either only corporeal or only spiritual
Popper distinguishes them but opposes its interdependence. He supposes rather they interprove
That is not even unlike nondual theory
Though nondual logic does only accept 1 of the 2 worlds as valid, it does acknowledge both
Nondual logic wants to SEPARATE heaven and earth. Heaven being metaphysics, ANALOGICALLY and earth being science
But by attempting to fix its alternative "opposing" realm,
It only denies reality which consists of both
Poppers goal is to bring back that duality no?
It is. But instead of bringing it back, per his critique (yes rooted in duality), he only proposes a nondual fix
That nondual fix is dualist. But not dual
Oi at 8:29 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17286 | reply | quote
Some say hume got his ideas in part from descartes
I disagree. He was an externalist but not cartesian
People might remember a similar accusation, spinoza being necessitarian
Or the assumption he favored naturata over naturans
1 is nurture, interventionist. The other is philosophical naturalism
Well similar issue with popper _URL_
He is like people who claim gnosticism solves communism when in fact they confuse gnosticism with the translation of gnosis
Oi at 8:33 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17287 | reply | quote
Falsification works on psychiatry (while neither science nor falsification nor even totally, verificationism do in psychoanalysis)
But it does not solve induction
Retroduction does
Retroduction solves induction
Retroduction would cover newton's dilemma AS WELL my hypothetical Mandelian example
Itd ALSO allow for demarcation
Retroduction falsifies but it also does not conclude it this way
It solves excesses of both extremes, the variability of datasets in any experiment vs another
And leaves sociology alone
It not only better proves fact, it independently enables application aka truthiness
Oi at 8:37 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17288 | reply | quote
Retroduction inducts, deducts, abducts
It is a catch-all that can be applied loosely without scientizing sociology or sociologizing science
Without as big a margin of error as well a concludable enough certainty
It solves universals as well variables. It solves size and helps plug bias
But falsification is not retroduction
Oi at 8:40 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17289 | reply |


Having recently finished (again) The Lord of the Rings trilogy, I wondered what is the earliest known book / novel trilogy in literature? (Yes, I know J.R.R. Tolkien wrote LOTR not as a trilogy but as the first volume of a planned two-volume work, including LOTR and The Silmarillion but the two volume work was never completed and LOTR now stands on its own in what we refer to as a trilogy.)
According to both Wikipedia and Britannica, trilogy is used to describe
Britannica's trilogy entry goes on further to say (Wiki mentions this as well, but quoting Britannica here):
The term originally referred specifically to a group of three tragedies written by one author for competition. This trilogy constituted the traditional set of plays presented in Athens by a number of competitors at the 5th-century-BC drama festivals known as the Great Dionysia. One of the first authors to present such a trilogy was Aeschylus, whose Oresteia is the only surviving example from that time.
So we have there an example of what is thought to be the earliest drama / play in trilogy form.
The Wikipedia trilogy entry mentions the epic Mahabharata (attributed to Vyāsa). According to Wiki:
The Mahābhārata is the longest epic poem known and has been described as "the longest poem ever written."
with origins in the 8th or 9th century BCE. That might make it the earliest known trilogy of an epic poem. However, I am having difficulty finding a reference to the earliest known trilogy of books/novels.
Any literature students / professors / historians / enthusiasts (or librarians) out there who may know which trio of books / novels is the earliest known example in literature (and the author)?
EDIT: for the purpose of this question let's use the Wiki/Britannica definition of trilogy quoted above.
 - 1
 I have voted to close this question as it is entirely dependent on its theoretical terms rather than the documentary record of the past. Additionally it doesn't pose a historical question in relation to the documentary record of the past; it poses a literary critical question in relation to past texts. As such I have also flagged for migration. It seems a great question which doesn't belong here. – Samuel Russell Nov 16 '18 at 6:16
 - I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because it belongs the n Literature SE. – Spencer Nov 18 '18 at 16:08
 - _USER_ and Spencer - ok, Literature:SE may be better (didn't know there was a Literature:SE). I thought a literary historian may have a ready answer available. I'm not a member of Literature:SE so if this gets migrated there, hopefully someone can keep me informed of its progress. – Kerry L Nov 19 '18 at 15:14
The first and foremost example that comes to my mind is the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, written in the early XIV century.
This poem, a work of paramount importance for both Italian and World literature, is famously composed of three books, or cantiche:
 - Inferno
 - Purgatorio
 - Paradiso
Wikipedia has a category Literary trilogies. The oldest novels in the list seem to date from central Europe: Henryk Sienkiewicz's Trilogy (_PHONE_), Alois Jirásek's Mezi proudy (_PHONE_), and Jerzy Żuławski's Lunar Trilogy (_PHONE_). I have no idea whether this reflects a bias in Wikipedia contributors or is historically accurate. The oldest listed in English is John Galsworthy's Forsyte Saga (1906-21), which was published individually, then together as a trilogy, then later extended with more books. These examples may not correspond to your definition of a trilogy.
 - Thanks Stuart, +1... the category seems a little light though. It's certainly a good list to start with but I don't know how complete it is. Glad you found it! – Kerry L Nov 15 '18 at 18:07
Note that for novel sequences in general, "There is no useful, formal demarcation between novel sequences and multi-part novels."
A famous novel trilogy is Alexandre Dumas' story about D'Artagnan, Porthos, Athos and Aramis:
I won't pretend it is the oldest one, but it may well be the most read trilogy ever.
Robert Folkestone Williams wrote a trilogy of novels about William Shakespeare:
1838: The Youth of Shakespeare,
1839: Shakespeare and his Friends,
1844: Secret Passion.
At around the same time, Edgar Allen Poe wrote three short stories with C. Auguste Dupin, an amateur detective, as the main character:
1841: The Murders in the Rue Morgue,
1842: The Mystery of Marie Rogêt,
1844: The Purloined Letter.
These trilogies are both slightly earlier than Alexandre Dumas' Musketeers trilogy.
I know of three novels by Jules Verne that might or might not fit the definition of a trilogy.
Les Enfants du Capitaine Grant (The Children of Captain Grant) 1868, three volumes. Involves the search for the missing sea captain Grant.
Vingt Mille Lieues sous les mers (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) 1870. 2 volumes. Captain Nemo and his submarine Nautilus.
L'Ille mysterieuse (The Mysterious Island) 1874. Three volumes. People are stranded on an island on the Pacific Ocean and have adventures. They meet characters from The Children of Captain Grant and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea though the chronologies of the three novels are inconsistent.
These three novels are called a trilogy by this source: _URL_
It is possible that opinions may vary about whether they should be considered a trilogy.
 - Of Jules Verne's novels, De la Terre à la Lune, Autour de la Lune, and Sans dessus dessous form a tighter trilogy, even though the third story was written twenty years after the second one. English titles are From the Earth to the Moon, Around the Moon, and The Purchase of the North Pole. – b_jonas Nov 24 '18 at 15:43
Your Answer


text:
IV. FACILITY AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY RULES
A. Laboratory Fume Hoods
The best method to prevent the release of hazardous chemicals into the laboratory is to conduct all work inside a properly functioning fume hood. The following rule should be followed:
- Airflow on all working fume hoods should be between 60 to 100-lfm minimum with the sash at 14"-20" above fully closed position.
- Never store chemicals or other items in a fume hood that is also used for laboratory work.
- Fume hoods that are not being used for laboratory work should have the sash fully closed.
- All fume hoods should be equipped with a device to enable user to determine that the hood is properly functioning.
- Equipment and chemicals should be placed as far from the hood face as practical to prevent emission from escaping.
- Work should be performed with the hood sash in the lowest practical position.
- Procedures involving highly toxic substances should be performed in a glove box-equipped hood.
- Check inspection and restriction labels on hoods before using.
- Never block the fume hood vents.
- Do not alter any fume hood ventilation system.
- Contact maintenance and Operations for repair or with alteration questions.
- Always clean the hood when a procedure is completed.
- DO NOT use PERCHLORIC ACID in ANY FUME HOOD unless it is a designated "perchloric acid use" hood.
- Keep laboratory doors closed. This will minimize crosscurrents, enhance hood performance, and keep odors from spreading throughout the building.


text:
CALL Scotland has written a guide to a well-hidden free Text to Speech facility in Microsoft Office 2010. It can speak selected text in Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote.
Anyone who wants to listen to a lot is likely to prefer software with synchronised hi-liting, but this best kept secret would be particularly good for hearing occasional words.
The guide explains how to put a good-sized icon on the Ribbon.
To add a small icon for 'Speak' to the Quick Access Toolbar at the top of the Word screen:
- Click on the tiny icon 'Customise Quick Access Toolbar.
- Choose 'More Commands'.
- In 'Choose Commands from', choose 'All Commands'.
- In the big window called 'Separator', scroll down to find 'Speak' and click on it.
- Click on 'Add' in the middle of the screen to put it in your Quick Access Toolbar contents on the right.
- Click on OK.
Then, in your document, highlight text, click on the 'Speak Selected Text' icon and it will read it aloud.


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Topic: Power Supplies (Read 1 time) previous topic - next topic
I've taken note that some power supplies are better for use with Ardunio, than others.
What has been evident to me, is that if you are going to use a voltage converting power supply, just to power the arduino, you need to make sure the power supply can handle it.
What I mean by this, is that you need to make sure the voltage converting power supply has the bare minimum load on it, otherwise it will behave erratically, and cause errors in various types of ways.
All converting power supplies, either switchmode or linear, must have a minimum load on them, which is usually 10% of their rated current. There are some technical reasons for it, but I don't remember them. Something to do with having a load ensures proper voltage regulation and voltage output stability.
As an example, I was powering my arduino project with a 9V 1.5A switchmode power supply from an old portable DVD player. The arduino, current sensor, and LCD were drawing about 75mA. No where near what I should have been putting on the power supply. In this case, it should have been at least 150mA. Sure I could have powered a light or something, but I elected to run the project from the battery that I monitoring the voltage and current statistic from. The LCD screen no longer flickers, measurements are considerably more stable, and also there's proper grounding.
Switchmode power supplies are also inherently noisy, especially the cheap Chinese/Taiwanese ones. The switchmode carrier frequency can range from lower tens of KHz up to single digit MHz. The cheap ones also have poor noise filtering, poor RF shielding, and use cheap parts which will eventually fail sooner than later.
Linear power supplies must be loaded down with the minimum load as well, but they do not generate the RF hash like the crappy SMPS do. However, some of the linear power supplies have little or no output filtering, so you will hear the utility line frequency hum if the power supply is connected to any type of audio device. I my case, its a mobile amateur radio.
You may be able to do some software coding to filter the noise out, but this is case I'd recommend using hardware instead of software for filtering. Less to go wrong, works more reliably, and less code to be run on your arduino.
Lot of generalizations there.
I use these switching supplies rated for 1A & 2A with minimal loading and they hold the voltage just fine.
The times I have out a scope on them they were clean also.
I let my scope tell me what my various linear and switchmode regulators are delivering to my circuits. I've never had trouble using any of the cheap Asian E-bay regulators I've bought, they have always worked well in my projects so far, just don't work them beyond their recommended current/input voltage limits. I've kind of sworn off linear regulators for anything over 100ma or so.
A Manifesto? or a historical document?, The collected gossip or How to pick a bad power supply...
Either answer fits... Unfortunately... Along with lefty I have never found that to be the case.
Sure old transformer devices have those issues... but why would anyone with any sense use one when there are Good Switchers.. and even lLinear Regulator modules to provide Accurate power?
The point is that ALL of us at one time or another have committed that error... Once, from your "Manifesto" it sounds like you had a bad run of luck or you didn't learn the first time.
--> WA7EMS <--
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Automation looks to increase efficiency, speed, and reproducibility and lower costs by replacing manual methods. The majority of results generated with manual manipulation are still captured via paper and susceptible to error. If you have ever tried to repeat a method from a colleague's laboratory notebook, you know how challenging this can be and this is compounded if colleagues cannot be physically there to go through it with you.
This virtual event brings you three webinars from experts in the field of automation who will discuss how you can work smarter by:
- Using automated pipetting to increase accuracy, consistency and efficiency
- Leveraging automated sample preparation, liquid handling and cloud-native software to accelerate your development and derisk transferring methods between operators on a global scale
- Understanding compliance and sample traceability as part of the automated workflow
Session 1 – Improving efficiency and reproducibility by automating common LC-MS sample preparation protocols
Speakers: Melvin Blaze and Kathryn Brennan, Waters Corporation
Session 2 – Automating endotoxin testing using the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot
Speaker: Robert d'Ordine, Senior Scientist, Associates of Cape Cod
Session 3 – Follow that sample: The importance of compliance and traceability in the automated laboratory
Speakers: Heather Longden and Guillaume Mignard, Waters Corporation
The content of this event is ideal for those interested in learning more about how to increase their laboratory efficiency with simple-to-use and easy-to-implement affordable automation solutions. In addition, any pharmaceutical or CRO laboratory that transfers methods often and is looking to de-risk and improve success.


text:
One Brave Idea, an innovative research project funded by Verily, the American Heart Association and Astra Zeneca, partners with the Acera School, connecting education with real-life science and technology.
Students sample and sequence their own skin microbiome, hack wearables, invent and build apps, and discuss what it means to be healthy — or sick.
About the Acera OBI Partnership
In a visionary new partnership, One Brave Idea and the Acera School have set out to break ground on our understanding of health and wellness in children and adolescents, and on how children can become active contributors to research, education and community engagement on cardiovascular health.
By bringing together innovators in the fields of medical sciences and education, the OBI-Acera Partnership connects 21st Century research with 21st Century learning, paving the way for truly novel ideas, products, knowledge and change-agents to emerge.
Together with OBI, we will be developing a roadmap for investigating contributors to CV health in children and adolescents in school settings (such as sleep, nutrition, stress & anxiety, microbiome.) We will create curricula that deeply connect to this research and allow teachers in diverse educational environments to engage students in learning about CV health in hands-on, student-driven ways. And we will involve students in the innovation process, recognizing their potential as agents and creators of new approaches and devices that speak to peers their age.
Hear OBI Principal Investigator Calum MacRae, MD, PhD, explain why he and his team are interested in collaborating with Acera.
Led by Dr. Calum MacRae, chief of cardiovascular medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and a long-time Acera curriculum collaborator, the One Brave Idea team is comprised of leading scientists from multiple disciplines working together to understand the earliest stages of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the primary force behind the No. 1 killer in the world, claiming more than 7 million lives each year.
Over the past several decades, we have learned a lot – but it's not enough. Research has become too incremental, conducted by teams that were too narrow and lacking the powerhouse funding to bring together the best and brightest minds. The American Heart Association, Verily and AstraZeneca have combined forces to fight this epidemic. Through a $75 million investment in a diverse team of scientists, together with the latest technologies and scientific advances, we have set out to find the weapons and strategies to win the fight against coronary heart disease.
To get started, we have identified thematic areas of interest to CV research, and approaches to investigating these in elementary and middle school settings.
Microbiome. Acera scientist-in-residence and teacher Michael Hirsch developed a curriculum approach that enables Middle School students to successfully sequence and study their own skin microbiome (and what it can tell us about CV health) in the lab, and make their findings reproducible and informative for research. The goal is to engage students in authentic learning on cutting-edge science in hands-on ways, empowering them to develop a new sense of ownership in their own health, and explore how microbiome researchers can collaborate with schools on such curricula as well as enroll students in broader studies.
Wearables. In the SEEDS StudioLab, Acera design teacher Alisha Panjwani works with middle school students who hack and modify existing wearables, or design and prototype new devices that measure one or more metrics for wellness in youth. The student's concepts and solutions contribute to the development of new ways to track biomarkers and inform our understanding of CV disease prevention, starting in childhood.
Wellness and Cardiovascular Health. How can we capture and codify health data that already exists in schools (such as absences, illnesses)? What are measures of wellness that schools could consistently track in their student population — such as emotional health questionnaires, activity logs, or heart rates during tests — to contribute to our knowledge base, while also increasing students' sense of ownership over their own well being and health? By partnering with OBI, we are developing news ways to create health dashboards for schools.
Approaches to Consent & Community Engagement. To define and test successful approaches to consent in school communities for research that involves children, we collaborate with leading universities such as MIT and Boston University on designing study protocols that allow schools to set up or collaborate in studies in safe, ethical and professional ways. In this process, we hope to learn how we can involve whole families in learning and research about wellness.
Curriculum Roll-out & STEM Education Advocacy. After curriculum pilots at Acera, we aim to create curricula that will enable other schools to teach, innovate and inform research in similar ways.


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Living donor kidney transplantation has increased significantly in the UK in recent years Many candidates for kidney transplant have family members or friends who are willing to donate but it is estimated that around one third of such offers must be declined because of ABO blood group incompatibility or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitisation of the recipient Previously in the UK, legal framework limited LD transplantation to donor-recipient pairs who were genetically related or had a strong emotional connection. A change in UK legislation in 2006 has allowed the development of paired donation schemes and altruistic non-directed donation. This presentation describes the UK scheme and its results to date.
almost 9 years ago
Look at the pathophysiology of urinary stress incontinence briefly. Studying the different surgical techniques available and on what basis they were established. A brief look at future treatment options. Thank You
over 7 years ago
Renal Pi excretion is the balance between free glomerular filtration and regulated tubular reabsorption. Under normal physiological conditions, ;80–90% of filtered load is reabsorbed; renal tubular reabsorption occurs primarily in proximal tubules, with higher rates at early segments (S1/S2 vs. S3) and in deep nephrons
almost 7 years ago


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Wet Bulb Calculator
With many countries reported their highest ever temperatures, such asreaching 49.6 C, it's important that you understand the different factors affecting heat and the body's ability to regulate it. What many people might fail to take into account is the combined result of the heat and humidity - the wet bulb effect. This tool will teach you about the wet bulb, and lets you estimate it's scale.
The wet bulb calculator operates on a simple principle. You can use it to work out the wet bulb temperature from just two numbers: temperature and relative humidity. Keep reading if you want to discover some wet-bulb applications, what the military benefits of the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature are, and what it has to do with our health - especially within the context of our scorching summers! If you want to find out more about our atmosphere, check out our heat index calculator and our air density calculator.
What is the wet-bulb temperature?
Despite what you might think at first, wet-bulb temperature has nothing to do with light bulbs. It is instead the temperature read by a special thermometer that is wrapped in water-soaked fabric and ventilated. This thermometer is part of a device called a psychrometer. It includes a dry-bulb thermometer, a wet-bulb thermometer and a psychrometric chart - a graph that plots the relationships between the dry and wet-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and dew point at constant pressure.
By definition, wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature a portion of air can acquire by evaporative cooling only. When air is at its maximum (100 %) humidity, the wet-bulb temperature is equal to the normal air temperature (dry-bulb temperature). As the humidity decreases, the wet-bulb temperature becomes lower than the normal air temperature.
Data about the wet-bulb temperature is essential when it comes to preventing our body from overheating. Our bodies sweat to cool off, but, because water evaporates slower in more humid conditions, we cool down a lot slower in humid conditions. This causes our internal body temperature to rise. If the wet-bulb temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F) for an extended period of time then people in the surrounding area are at risk of hyperthermia.
How to calculate the wet-bulb temperature?
Although many equations have been created over the years our calculator uses the Stull formula, which is accurate for relative humidities between 5% and 99% and temperatures between -20°C and 50°C. It loses its accuracy in situations where both moisture and heat are low in value, but even then the error range is only between -1°C to +0.65°C.
The wet-bulb calculator is based on the following formula:
It might look intimidating, but don't worry - we do all the calculations for you. Just input two numbers:
Temperature - air temperature or dry-bulb temperature is the temperature given by a thermometer not exposed to direct sunlight.
% Relative humidity - a ratio of how much water vapor is in the air to how much it could contain at a given temperature.
Remember that both temperature and wet bulb temperature in this formula are expressed in °C! If you would like to use other units, you need to convert them to the Celcius scale before you start calculations.
If you would like to know more about the relative humidity formula, check out our dew point calculator. You can also use our RH calculator to calculate the relative humidity if you know the dew point temperature. Alternatively, you can also find it from the mixing ratio of air. Feel free to check it out!
Wet-bulb calculator applications
The wet-bulb temperature might not be a widely known measure, but it has some valuable functions:
Construction - different materials react differently to different humidities, so this temperature is needed when designing a building in different climates.
Snowmaking - snow production needs low temperatures and when the humidity decreases the temperature rises.
Meteorology - forecasters use wet-bulb temperature to predict rain, snow, or freezing rain.
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature is a kind of an apparent temperature - the temperature perceived by humans - used to estimate the effect of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sunlight on humans. Athletes, industrial hygienists and the military use it to prevent heat stroke by following guidelines for physical activity and water intake.
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature is determined by the following equation:
where - the globe thermometer temperature - is measured by a thermometer situated in a black globe. It allows for the estimation of direct solar radiation.
Measured indoors, without direct solar radiation/sunlight, the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature uses a shortened formula:
Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature gives us vital information if we want to be safe on warmer days.


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how to create a two-dimensional array?
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 17 September 2002As I promised I will ask you more questions.
I guess we can use two-dimensional arrays in perl - I saw some examples but their elements are all hard-coded. I want to create an empty two-dimensional array first, then push elements into this array. The elements are paired, e.g. if I push an T into the first array (in the two-dimensional array), then it will push A into the same position of the second array, so the 2-D array looks like:
TTGC... --the first array
AACG... --the second array
It is like a matrix. how to do this in perl. thanks very much.
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 17 September 2002Perl uses "lists" rather than arrays - they can do everything an array can go in other languages (except give you problems when you run off the end), and lots more things besides...
Amazingly, you don't have to tell Perl what's a list of lists (oh - sorry - that's what a "2 dimensional array" should be called). It works it out for itself from your code, and creates all necessary structure parts on the way. They call THAT auto-vivification
Your 2D array looks like a DNA sequence, with the first 'row' being a sequence, and the second row being the reverse complement (which no doubt you'll want to reverse later).
Here's a sample program that reads in a file containing a single FASTA sequence, splits in into a list, makes a second copy in reverse order, and switches As and Ts, Cs and Gs. It then puts it all into a list of lists, as per your question. Finally, it lists it out to "prove" that it's worked, using 2D array type notation.
"More than simple lists and hashes" is a huge topic and I've
just started to scrath the surface here... think I may have to
refer you to a more substantial set of material that I can
possibly write on the board if you want to take it further.
By the way... output from my program was
with the input file being
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 17 September 2002Thanks for your neat and excellent code...by the way, do you charge for this? FYI, I am a graduate student in bioinformatics.
But you still have two predefined arrays (sequence and reverse sequence) for your list. I want the list to be empty first, then I will go through the sequence, check if there is an A, if so I push A into the first array and T into the second array of the same column...check for the rest of As and do the same. This procedure will go for C and G too. Then I will count how many A T pairs, how many C G pairs in the sequence.
Your code has given me some ideas, but I am still thinking about how to achieve this? Thanks.
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 18 September 2002You ask "do we charge"... no. I've posted some background to what we're about onto another of the boards here (it's of more general interest that just the Perl crew:
The Reasoning being this board
I'll come back to the Perl question in an hour or two - I'm just in the middle of soring out an email server that's got into some trouble....
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 18 September 2002I was just kidding (for the excellent help you guys provide here).
Actually my last message was kind of silly, since we know A pairs T, C pairs G, why bother storing them in a list? What I wanted to do is store A, C, T, G in one row, and their occurrence in the other row, because I need to count the frequency of each one.
The list should look like:
row#1 (nucleotide) ATTCGAGTCT
row#2 (occurrence) _PHONE_
then count the occurrence of A (1+1=2), etc., and sort row #2 so that I know the one with the most frequency. interesting bioinformatics question, isn't it? thanks
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 18 September 2002Quote:
I know... but many a true word is spoken in jest. Folks come on the courses I give in the expectation that they'll not be able to ask me questions when the course is over - that's the way it works on other courses - and just wonder what my motivation is in providing email / board help.
Thanks for giving me (even in jest!) the opportunity to answer that! Now... on to the Bioinformatics question. Separate message, Ithink?
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 18 September 2002I might not be understanding the current question properly here - but I think it boils down to "how many each of C A G and T are there in a list of single characters?
Just dashed that out - so there may be a couple of typos. I've used a hash with the keys being A C G and T to be my table of counters, then I've just stepped through the list in _USER_.
Note the heavy use of $_ (did you know that print with no parameters prints the contents of $_?). When Perl 6 comes along, $_ will be even more powerful and important - expect to hear a lot about "Topicalkization"
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 18 September 2002I did not phrase the problem clearly. Yes, we can use a counter for each character, but then I need to sort A, C, T, G by their occurrence. That is why I was thinking about using a list - the first row is each A, C, T, G (each one can occur multiple times in the sequence), the second row is occurrence (when I find one A in the sequence, I put 1 in the second row of the same column), then sort the first row in descending order according to the second row (ocurrence or frequency). I do not know if we can do this in Perl - but I guess it can, since I found can do a lot of "strange" things from a beginner's point of view.
Hopefully the problem is a little more clear.
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 18 September 2002It probably make more sense to use hash in this case, I am trying...
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 19 September 2002I'm afraid I'm still not really clear on what the lists(s) or hashes should look like in the end - I'm just a programmer and know nothing of bioinformatics. Earlier in the thread you wrote
If you could tell me what the result would look like in this example, I might be better able to follow that I can at the moment
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


NY Penal Law 195.15 – Obstructing firefighting operations
A person is guilty of obstructing firefighting operations when he intentionally and unreasonably obstructs the efforts of any:
 1. fireman in extinguishing a fire, or prevents or dissuades another from extinguishing or helping to extinguish a fire; or
 2. fireman, police officer or peace officer in performing his duties in circumstances involving an imminent danger created by an explosion, threat of explosion or the presence of toxic fumes or gases.
Obstructing firefighting operations is a class A misdemeanor.


text:
We're giving the little blue penguin a fighting chance of reversing its population decline around New Zealand, through pest control and habitat restoration.
This community driven programme focuses on coastal restoration, predator control, and nest-box building to establish favourable habitat and safe homes for Little Blue Penguins.
Places for Penguins started on the Miramar peninsula in Wellington during Wellington's Seaweek in 2007. It was built on other Forest & Bird and community penguin protection projects at Gisborne, New Plymouth, Oamaru and the West Coast.
The nesting program was test-launched in Oamaru and there are now 300 nest boxes in the Oamaru area and 250 nest boxes in the Wellington area. This keeps dogs out of nests and gives penguins ready-built homes.
Penguin protection is a real community effort; at Miramar Peninsula, local residents, Forest & Bird members, the Breaker Bay & Moa Point Progressive Assn, Seatoun School, Wellington High School, Strathmore School, Wellington Zoo, Wellington City Council & Greater Wellington Regional Council are all participating in the project.
New penguin projects are starting and we have developed a guide below so you can protect your own local penguin colony.
Lifecycle and distribution
Little Blue Penguins are one of the few coastal birds that live close to urban areas making cars and dogs a real threat. Despite its fiesty nature, this pint-sized penguin has only has 600 breeding pairs to its name. More
Nest boxes are placed on the seaward side of the roads to prevent penguins from getting hit by cars. They also provide some protection from dogs and cats and increase the number of potential nesting sites along the coast. Thanks to an Infinity Foundation grant, we have installed a nest camera to gain a good picture of their breeding patterns! More
Dogs and pests, such as rats and mustelids, are all dangerous to penguins. Find out more about our pest control program and how you can help.
Planting native plants helps establish more favourable penguin habitat and restores coastal biodiversity. Learn about our planting program, native plants, and how you can join in. More
Public awareness and research projects
Find out what Places for Penguins is doing to encourage dog-owners to control their pets around penguin nests and how we're monitoring penguin colonies. More
Cars present a unique threat to penguins that must sometimes cross the road to access nesting sites and roosting areas. Learn more about traffic control and public awareness campaigns. More
To volunteer for the Places for Penguins project in the Wellington region or if you're a Forest & Bird member and you would like to start a project in your area contact our Wellington office on _EMAIL_


text:
Submitted to: Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/1/2004
Publication Date: 3/7/2005
Citation: Uthus, E.O., Ross, S., Davis, C. 2005. Differential effects of dietary selenium (Se) and folate on methyl metabolism in liver and colon or rats [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5):A1013.
Technical Abstract: A previous study compared the effect of folate on methyl metabolism in colon and liver of rats fed a Se-deficient diet (<3 ng Se/g) vs a diet containing supranutritional Se (2 µg selenite/g; J Nutr 133: 2907, 2003). The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of folate and adequate Se (0.2 µg/g) on methyl metabolism in colon and liver. Weanling, Fischer-344 rats (n=6/diet) were fed diets containing 0 or 0.2 µg Se (as selenite)/g and 0 or 2 µg folate/g in a 2 x 2 factorial design. After 70 days, plasma homocysteine was increased (p<0.0001) by folate deficiency; this increase was markedly exacerbated (p<0.0001) in rats fed 0.2 µg Se/g. Colon and liver S-adenosylhomocysteine were highest (p<0.006) in rats fed deficient folate and adequate Se. Although folate deficiency decreased liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM, p<0.0001), it had no effect on colon SAM. Global DNA methylation was decreased (p<0.04) by Se deficiency in colon but not liver. Se deficiency did not affect DNA methyltransferase activity in liver but tended to decrease (p<0.06) the activity of the enzyme in the colon. These results in rats fed adequate Se are similar to the results found in our earlier study when the rats were fed supranutritional Se. This suggests that the effects on these parameters of methyl metabolism are the result of Se deficiency.


text:
Fly Ash - The Problem
Based on a study undertaken by the WORLD COAL INSTITUTE,
London, U.K. approximately
3.8 Billion metric tonnes
of coal are mined worldwide each year.
After conversion of the coal into, for example,
400,000,000 metric tonnes
of Fly Ash are left as residue as well as other
waste products. Approximately 10 % of the Fly Ash is used as a by-mix
for other products such as cement, etc. Almost 90 % is tipped onto
spoil heaps or down mines, causing ecological problems.
As a consequence:
- large areas,
quite often attractive countryside or valuable farm land, are
changed into ugly ash tips,
- soil and groundwater
- erosion and
dust cause serious safety and health problems.
- a valuable
raw material is wasted.
However this is a problem that can be solved by
using the IVU-DISPERSOPT Process!


text:
Discover Dutch Cycling with Naviki
Cycling and The Netherlands: one cannot go without the other! As natural as it is for the average Dutchman to use the bike for daily transportation, it is not always that obvious for foreigners. Through the development of a platform with best practice bicycle routes and facilities in Dutch municipalities, we introduce foreigners to Dutch cycling.
For foreigners who want to:
- Experience cycling infrastructure and facilities in The Netherlands.
- Create cycling awareness.
- Develop a scope of possibilities.
- Build up examples for decision making.
- Get inspired.
For Dutch municipalities who want to:
- Promote Dutch cycling and their city.
- Encourage foreign stakeholders to learn from Dutch cycling.
- Encourage opportunities for cooperation and partnerships.
The basis of Discover Dutch Cycling is Naviki, a route planner for cyclists that allows you to go from A to B and a lot more. Users can:
- Plan, collect and share routes.
- Use the Navigation app to navigate from A to B with different suggestions of routes in a cycle-friendly environment to make cycling convenient, enjoyable and safe.
- Use the Navigation app to record your paths.
- Access the website from the entire world in six languages
- Share information and routes on Facebook and Twitter.
- Have access to additional information such as distance, elevation profile and saved CO2.
- Have access to practical information such as accommodation, restaurants, leisure areas or bike shops.
The Discover Dutch Cycling Naviki Page promotes the best bicycle-friendly environments in several Dutch cities: cycle tracks, shared spaces, roundabouts, bike parking and other cycling facilities.
- By providing routes, stories and pictures that showcase cities' best cycling practices.
- By including organizations and partners' contact details.
Users obviously get advantages in using Discover Dutch Cycling. They have access to a free and handy service to organize their "learning trip" in a self-reliant way. Moreover, Discover Dutch Cycling has also specific advantages for Dutch municipalities:
- Redirect foreign stakeholders having requests that cannot be dealt with in person to an efficient, free and handy platform.
- Get in touch with foreign stakeholders.
- Create opportunities for future cooperation and partnerships.
- Increase the amount of visitors on your own website.
- Make your bicycle-friendly environment better known in the rest of the world.
- Get a geographical and an online visibility in the international cycling context.
All we need from you to set up the page
If you represent a city or town, like the idea and want to be part of this international adventure: get on board with us and other Dutch cities! The more cities join, the more convenient this platform will be for users. You can have this done for your municipality with low effort and low cost involved.
Here are the materials we need from you:
- A route (preferably less than 20 km), mapped as precisely as possible.
- An English introduction with cycling specific information about your city or town (about 100 words): why is your city relevant to visit? Why is the route relevant to bike on? What can visitors learn?
- 5 high quality pictures related to the route.
Are you as enthusiastic as we are about showcasing how attractive, safe and fun cycling in the Netherlands is? If so, feel free to contact us and we will explain how to cooperate with us.


text:
© Rinat Laor
Ours brains might fully digest sentences before we even recognized them.
New research shows that people can process short sentences and solve equations before they're aware of the words and numbers in front of their eyes. The study suggests we might not actually need full consciousness to perform rule-based tasks like reading and doing math problems.
In a series of experiments at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, more than 300 student participants were unconsciously exposed to words and equations through a research technique known as Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS). With this method, a static image appears in front of one eye while rapidly changing pictures flash in front of the other eye. The changing pictures dominate awareness at first, letting the still image register subliminally
before popping into consciousness.
In the first part of the study, one eye was presented with a static phrase or sentence, which was "masked" by changing colorful shapes flashing in front of the other eye. The students were instructed to press a button as soon as they became aware of the words. It usually took about a second, but negative phrases like "human trafficking" and jarring sentences such as "I ironed the coffee" typically registered quicker than positive expressions and more coherent phrases such as "I ironed clothes," the study found.
The researchers say these results suggest that the sentences were fully read and comprehended subconsciously, and certain phrases broke out of suppression faster because they were more surprising.
A second part of the study examined how the unconscious brain
processes math problems. Using the CFS technique again, the researchers subliminally exposed the participants to three-digit equations, such as "9 − 3 − 4," for 2 seconds or less. Then, the participants were shown a number (without CFS masking it) and told to say it out loud. The students were quicker to read aloud a number that was the right answer to the equation they had just subconsciously seen. For example, after being exposed to "9 − 3 − 4," they were quicker to pronounce "2" than "3." This suggests they subconsciously worked out the problem and had the answer on their lips.
Other recent studies have shown that humans might be able to unconsciously perform tasks that have typically been associated with consciousness, such as learning
and forming intuitions
. The new study adds complex, rule-based operations to that list.
Psychology researcher Ran Hassin, who was involved in the study, said the results suggest current theories about unconscious processes need to be revised.
"These revisions would bring us closer to solving one of the biggest scientific mysteries of the 21st century: What are the functions of human consciousness?"
The research was published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.


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Teachinghistory.org Teacher Representative Wins 2011 National History Teacher of the Year
(New York City) Stacy Hoeflich, a fourth grade teacher from John Adams Elementary School in Alexandria, VA, and a 2009-2010 Teachinghistory.org Teacher Representative, is the 2011 National History Teacher of the Year.
The award, presented by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, HISTORY® (History Channel), and Preserve America, honors K-12 teachers for their use of primary documents in the classroom, the level of inspiration they provide their students and their career achievements in education. Ms. Hoeflich received the title and $10,000 award in a ceremony at the Frederick Douglass Academy in Harlem that included two of her former students, along with James Basker, president of the Gilder Lehrman Institute; Libby O'Connell, senior vice-president and chief historian, HISTORY®; Clement Price, vice chairman of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation; and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Teachinghistory.org's Outreach Director Jennifer Rosenfeld attended the event representing Teachinghistory.org which sponsored Ms. Hoeflich's nomination.
An accomplished educator, Ms. Hoeflich has taught elementary school for thirteen years. She has presented at local, state, and national education conferences on teaching history and historical thinking with primary sources.
As a Teacher Representative for Teachinghistory.org, Ms. Hoeflich provided feedback about the website in order to improve its use by educators. She also appears in two Best Practices videos about teaching with maps and teaching with political cartoons.
Dr. Kelly Schrum, Director of Teachinghistory.org, who nominated Ms. Hoeflich for the award, stated: "Hoeflich is devoted to the teaching and learning of history. After seeing the students in her classroom excitedly puzzle over a difficult map created almost four hundred years ago or analyze political cartoons from the last century, students leave her classroom with a lifelong interest in understanding the complexities of the past."
According to the Gilder Lehrman Institute, Ms. Hoeflich was chosen "from a pool of winners from each of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, US Territories, and Department of Defense schools." Each state honoree receives a $1,000 award, a collection of classroom resources to be presented in his or her name to the school library, and the opportunity to attend a Gilder Lehrman Institute summer seminar.
In June, Ms. Hoeflich was named the 2011 Virginia Teacher of the Year. Last month, she learned she was one of five finalists for the national honor.
Teachinghistory.org, a project of the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University, is a leader in helping K–12 history teachers access resources and materials to improve U.S. history education in the classroom. Funded through the U.S. Department of Education Office of Innovation and Improvement's Teaching American History (TAH) program, Teachinghistory.org builds on and disseminates the valuable lessons learned by more than 1,000 TAH projects designed to raise student achievement by improving teachers' knowledge and understanding of U.S. history.


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The effects of eating fast food. One Major Side Effect of Eating Fast Food Every Day, Says Expert — Eat This Not That 2022-12-27
The effects of eating fast food Rating:
The concept of tradition is deeply ingrained in human societies, as it serves as a way to connect people to their cultural and societal roots. It is the marrow of tradition that helps to shape the way we view the world and our place in it, influencing our values, beliefs, and behaviors.
Traditions can take many forms, from the way we celebrate holidays and rituals to the customs and practices that are passed down from generation to generation. They can be small, personal traditions within a family, or they can be larger cultural traditions that are shared by a community or society.
One of the main functions of tradition is to provide a sense of belonging and connection to others. When we participate in traditional activities and customs, we are reminded of our place within a larger community and the shared history that we have with others. This sense of belonging can be particularly important in times of change or uncertainty, as it helps to provide a sense of stability and continuity.
Traditions also serve as a way to preserve cultural heritage and pass it down to future generations. Whether it is through oral storytelling, cultural festivals, or the preservation of historical sites and artifacts, traditions help to keep the memory and significance of a culture alive.
However, traditions are not always static and can evolve over time. As societies change and new influences are introduced, traditional practices and customs may be adapted or modified in order to remain relevant and meaningful. This process of change and adaptation can be a natural and important part of the evolution of a tradition.
In conclusion, the marrow of tradition is a vital part of human societies, serving as a way to connect people to their cultural and societal roots and preserve cultural heritage. It is through the continuation and evolution of traditions that we are able to understand and appreciate the rich tapestry of human cultures.
Fast Food and Your Heart
Added sugars have no nutritional value but are high in calories. Meanwhile, a balanced meal with protein, healthy fats and fiber-rich carbohydrates takes longer for your body to digest and absorb. Phosphorus derivatives become toxic and harmful to health, especially with increased and regular consumption. In addition to the heart, trans-fats also hit the pancreas leading to the development of diabetes, as well as the appearance of chronic inflammatory processes. You don't have to rule out fast food from your diet completely. Their research findings indicated that frequent consumers of fast food and commercial baked goods had a 51 percent higher risk of depression.
Shutterstock The high sodium, fat, calorie, sugar, and carb amounts in fast food can also lead to an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes. That would mean that people are spending significantly more on fast food today than in previous decades. The "By these calculations, one meal of burger and fries would easily set you over the recommended daily limit for saturated fat and well within your recommended daily fat intake," Poon continues. I know fries are delicious, but they recently made my list of potentially The National Cancer Institute notes that animal studies suggest being exposed to acrylamide increases the risk of several types of cancer. Other Fatal Diseases Monosodium glutamate is a food additive that enhances the smell and taste of any dishes and products of fast food. Frequent consumption of fast foods qualifies as poor eating habits, and a diet comprised of fast-food take-outs and processed foods is far from being considered a good one. In addition, an increase in fast-food consumption over time was It's this poor diet quality that leads to several of the negative side effects of eating fast food.
As you consume white-flour-based foods—such as the bun from a burger, or French fries with your sandwich—your body takes in a large amount of white sugar. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5 10. A wealth of well-conducted research has proven the negative health effects of consuming too much of these food components. Shutterstock The sodium in fast food isn't the only thing that increases your risk of a heart attack. These toxins are also associated with inflammation and chronic conditions like heart disease and diabetes.
Dangerous Side Effects of Eating Fast Food Every Day, According to Science — Eat This Not That
This slows the release of sugar into your bloodstream, so you get sustained energy without a crash. These include vitamins A, C and E, as well as copper, zinc and Bloating Copious amounts of sodium in fast foods are a recipe for bloating. But it is, in fact, the carbohydrates that cause this health issue alongside the increase in blood sugar. Take a look at some of the Nutritional deficiencies Despite their high-calorie content, fast foods offer little nutrition. Vegetables Feel free to load up on vegetables if they are made available. In fact, the iconic logos of chain restaurants like McDonalds, Taco Bell, Dominos, and Starbucks have become a part of everyday life for millions Benshosan, 2019.
Caveats for the good and bad of dietary red meat. If this continues regularly, it can put you at risk of type 2 diabetes. Fast food includes hot dogs, corn dogs, hamburgers, sandwiches, sandwiches, shawarma, pies, french fries, sausages in the dough, pancakes with fillings, chips, popcorn, instant noodles, corn flakes, pizza, sparkling water, all kinds of cocktails etc. This spike-and-crash cycle can leave you feeling tired and cranky. In humans, TMAO is associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease Senthong et al, 2016. How do fast food and processed foods affect the health of children? Too much sodium helps to retain water, so it can cause general bloating and puffiness.
In the short term, fast food impacts blood sugar and blood pressure, increases inflammation, and may mean an individual does not eat enough necessary nutrients. Here are 2 You may gain weight—or not be able to lose it. Last medically reviewed on December 17, 2021 Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. To preserve health, a person should try to identify fast food items that contain less salt, fat, sugar, and total carbohydrates, and generally try to limit the amount of fast food they consume. When consumed, foods that are high in carbs and sugar also cause the bacteria within your mouth to produce acids that can destroy tooth enamel.
Eating Fast Food: 9 Serious (and Unexpected) Side Effects
Cancer In 2008, American researchers found that fast food grilled chicken contained a chemical that, when heated, is associated with cancers of the breast, prostate and colon. Excess salt leads to swelling of the hands and feet. Fast food tends to be high in salt, sugar, saturated fats, trans fats, calories, and processed preservatives and ingredients. Obesity may play a role in the development of sleep apnea and asthma. Migraine-Triggering Sauces Have you ever had a headache or even worse, a Common known reactions to MSG include headaches, nausea and weakness. You should be making an active effort to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet, not only for your heart health, but for your overall well-being. Fast food refers to food that can be served quickly.
Eating fast food like french fries may also increase your cancer risk. Eating Dietary fiber also helps your good gut bacteria flourish and keeps you feeling full. Those acids are hard on your teeth. Fiber helps keep your digestive tract working properly as it ushers wastes out of the body. Another interesting effect that fast food has on your body is that it drains your energy and makes you more tired. You may pay more for health insurance. Of course, other factors, like your age, family history, activity level, and blood pressure also play a role, but a diet high in trans and saturated fats increase the amount of triglycerides in your blood, which can up your risk of developing 6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e 5 You'll have an increased risk of cancer.


Intelligence in The American Revolutionary War
Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War was essentially monitored and sanctioned by the Continental Congress to provide military intelligence to the Continental Army to aid them in fighting the British during the American Revolutionary War. Congress created a Secret Committee for domestic intelligence, a Committee of Secret Correspondence for foreign intelligence, and a committee on spies, for tracking spies within the Patriot movement.
Famous quotes containing the words intelligence, american and/or war:
 Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947)
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