text:
Young driver education programs that build resilience have potential to reduce road crashes
Senserrick T., Ivers R., Boufous S., Chen HY., Norton R., Stevenson M., van Beurden E., Zask A.
OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to explore associations between participation in 2 education programs for school-based learner drivers and subsequent road traffic offenses and crashes among a large cohort of newly licensed drivers. METHODS: DRIVE is a prospective cohort study of 20822 first-year drivers aged 17 to 24 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire and consented to data linkage in 2003-2004. Questionnaire items included year of participation in 2 specific education programs: a 1-day workshop-only program focusing on driving risks ("driver-focused") and a whole-of-community program also including a 1-day workshop but also longer term follow-up activities and a broader focus on reducing risk-taking and building resilience ("resilience-focused"). Survey data were subsequently linked to police-reported crash and offense data for _PHONE_. Poisson regression models that adjusted for multiple confounders were created to explore offenses and crashes as a driver (dichotomized as 0 vs >or=1) after program participation. RESULTS: Offenses did not differ between groups; however, whereas the driver-focused program was not associated with reduced crash risk, the resilience-focused program was associated with a 44% reduced relative risk for crash (0.56 [95% confidence interval: 0.34-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS: The large effect size observed and complementary findings from a comparable randomized, controlled trial in the United States suggest programs that focus more generally on reducing risks and building resilience have the potential to reduce crashes. A large, representative, randomized, controlled trial is urgently needed to confirm road safety benefits and ensure evidence-based spending and practitioner recommendations in this field.


text:
The Kashaya Pomo name for tanoak means "beautiful tree" (Goodrich et al. 1990). Tanoak is an attractive tree that is shade tolerant.
Tanoak can be easily propagated by seed. Use only fresh seeds, as the seeds do not retain viablity. The seeds of tanoak require no pretreatment and germinate quickly. Tanoak acorns germinate faster if they are planted with their point facing upward in the soil (McMurray 1989). The seeds may be directly sown into the ground or planted into flats or pots using a light soil mixture or peat moss. If flats are used it is necessary to transfer the seeds into pots or the ground once they have germinated. Pots should be of the kind that are long and deep to allow for the taproot to develop. Set the seeds or seedlings into a carefully chosen spot keeping in mind that they can be long lived, with an average age of about 180 years and a maximum to 400 years. Seedlings do best in a moist area with partial shade. Do not plant in areas with frequent irrigation. Give seedlings an occasional deep watering until established.
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not "wierd."
 Much/Many: "Much," is used for singular objects, while "many," is used for plural objects. e.g. "There are many trees in that forest." Notice how "many," is used for plural, while "much," isn't used.
 Disappoint(ing): Spelled with one "S" and two "P"s. D i s a p p o i n t. Not "dissapoint," like how I see it often.
 Those are the most common word mistakes. Now some punctuation.
 Apostrophes: Never use an apostrophe to make something plural. e.g. "I like pie's," would be wrong. Use them to describe something you like's feature. e.g. "I like pie's crusts," or "I like Kyek's blue balls." They're also used for contractions(can't, don't, won't, etc.).
 Colons: Colons are used to mark the beginning of a list. e.g. "Here's what we'll need: _____, _____, _____, and _____." They're also used at the end of a sentence when you want to want to make a quick remark or suggestion. I don't even know what I just said, so here's an example: "I reviewed your essay on dogs with rabies, and I wasn't very impressed: you need to work on your grammar."
 Commas: Commas are hard to explain and are way beyond a little how-to like this. Do not overuse them, because that causes more of a headache than no commas. If you have a really long sentence without any commas, read it to yourself in your head, and whenever you'd pause if you were talking to someone, put a comma there.
 Semicolons: Semicolons are a mix between a colon and a comma, as you'd imagine, and are mainly used to add a relevance to your sentence, or in place of "and," "but," "yet," etc. e.g. "Your dog has rabies like no other; you should get a vaccination for it."
 No more punctuation, as the rest is pretty easy to know, and no one ever gets them wrong, except for commas, which even I misuse, so now I'll just list some words people often misspell/misuse.
 That's all I can think of for now. I know, it's a lot to remember, and most people can't remember it all. But if you check which to use often, you'll remember it easier. If there's something I missed, and you want to know, just leave a post here or give me a PM, and I'll answer it for you and most likely add it to this thread. Alternatively, you can just use Google. :P Remember, the punctuation part only applies to American English, not British English. It's also helpful to have a tab open of in your browser if there's a word you don't know, or if you want to use the thesaurus there to find a synonym or antonym of a word.
 "Hearing impaired" doesn't mean deaf. It just doesn't.
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text:
Severe hyperkalemia leads to bilateral calf pain and ECG abnormality in a patient with pacemaker.
Department of Cardiology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
- *Corresponding Author:
- Bingzhang Jie
Department of Cardiology
Fuxing Hospital Capital Medical University
Beijing 100038 China.
Accepted date: November 17 2014
Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte abnormality that may cause cardiac pacemaker malfunction. Clinically, bilateral calf pain is extremely rare in hyperkalemia. Here we presented a case of a 78-year-old female who had bilateral calf pain with electrocardiographic changes in severe hyperkalemia.
Hyperkalemia, bilateral calf pain, electrocardiographic changes, pacemaker.
Hyperkalemia is a common clinical condition that could induce deadly cardiac arrhythmias, and is usually detected by electrocardiographic manifestations such as classic sinewave rhythm, and nonspecific repolarization abnormalities. However, sometimes it is difficult to diagnose hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia related bilateral calf pain is rarely reported. Here we presented a case of a 78-yearold female who had severe hyperkalemia with bilateral calf pain, and demonstrated electrocardiographic changes.
A 78-year-old female presented to the vascular surgery clinic because of progressive bilateral calf pain and cramping that began 3 days ago. She had no other complaints, except fatigue, nausea, upper abdominal pain and partial loss of hearing. She had no previous history of bilateral calf pain, with medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, which had been first diagnosed in 1992. Renal inadequacy diagnosed in 2009 (the highest creatinine value was 217 μmol/L). She received single ventricular pacemaker 10 years ago. Cardiac therapy consisted of spironolactone (20 mg daily), irbesartan (150 mg/d), and metoprolol. Her blood pressure was maintained at 110/70 mmHg.
On admission, physical examination revealed that her limbs were pale and clammy, her blood pressure was 90/60 mmHg, and ECG showed regular pacing of pacemaker and widened QRS complex (Fig. 1a). A color doppler ultrasound of lower limbs arteries showed that bilateral popliteal artery had moderate stenosis, but the blood flowed smoothly. Since her symptoms persisted, she was asked to stay in the observation room. Six hours later, the patient developed excruciating pain and extreme weakness and sudden onset of hypotension and bradycardia. ECG showed that the pacemaker failed with further widened QRS complexes, the heart rate was 30 beats/min (Fig. 1b). Therefore, she was transferred to the emergency room. Physical examination revealed her inability to move limbs and her blood pressure dropped to 70/50 mmHg. Possibility of electrode dislocation verified. Preparation for temporary pacing was processed immediately. Rapid blood gas analysis showed that serum potassium was 9.9 mM/L, suggesting that hyperkalemia led to the failure of pacemaker capture. Isoproterenol, calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, and insulin were administered to improve both the hemodynamics and the serum potassium, followed by emergency hemodialysis. After normalization of the serum potassium concentration, her cardiac rhythm became sinus rhythm and her heart rate was increased to 72 beats/min (Fig. 1c). The bilateral calf pain and quadriplegia resolved completely. She was discharged after one week when the serum potassium was 4.7 mmol/L. Repeated ECG recording showed regaining of pacemaker function (Fig. 1d).
Figure 1: Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs, 25 mm/sec, 5 mm/mV) obtained from the patients. ECG recording (1a) showed the ventricular paced rhythm at 60 beats/min, with a hyperkalemia-induced QRS and T wave widening. ECG (1b) showed QRS widening with loss of ventricular capture. ECG (1c) after the normalization of serum potassium concentration revealed sinus. ECG (1d) after the normalization of serum potassium concentration revealed atrial fibrillation with regained pacemaker function.
In most cases, bilateral calf pain may involve a variety of etiologies, including musculoskeletal and vascular pathology such as deep venous thrombosis. Hyperkalemia results in acute onset of quadriparesis or paralysis [3,4]. However, there are reports of leg pain induced by hyperkalemia, especially for the patients who underwent pacemaker implantation. Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte abnormality that may cause cardiac pacemaker malfunction. This case illustrated some typical ECG changes due to hyperkalemia during paced rhythm, including gradual widening of the paced QRS complex and eventual loss of ventricular capture that reverted with the correction of hyperkalemia. As demonstrated in this case, initial characteristic electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperkalemia during paced rhythm are widened QRS complexes, followed by the failure of pacemaker capture, which resulted in hypotension and bradycardia. Rapidly progressing hemodynamic instability on the basis of atherosclerotic stenosis may result in acute aggravating limb ischaemia, followed by bilateral calf pain and quadriparesis. Hyperkalemia often leads to the appearance of a typical sine-wave pattern and may ultimately result in cardiac arrest and respiratory failure without timely treatment [6,7]. Furthermore, hyperkalaemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the failure of pacemaker capture.
Hyperkalemia is a medical emergency that can lead to severe consequences and needs urgent attention. Recognition of the combination of bilateral calf pain and electrocardiographic abnormalities as showed in this case will help early diagnosis and treatment of hyperkalemia. Although hyperkalemia–related bilateral calf pain is extremely rare, clinicians should always be aware of this potentially life-threatening situation.
Conflicts of interest
None to declare.
- Parham WA, Mehdirad AA, Biermann KM, Fredman CS. Hyperkalemia revisited. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006; 33:40-7.
- Shiver SA, Blaivas M. Acute lower extremity pain in an adult patient secondary to bilateral popliteal cysts. J Emerg Med 2008; 34: 315-8
- Wilson NS, Hudson JQ, Cox Z, King T, Finch CK. Hyperkalemia-induced paralysis. Pharmacotherapy 2009; 29: 1270-2
- Huntgeburth M, Laudes M, Burst V, et al. Acute cardiac arrest secondary to severe hyperkalemia due to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II. Clin Res Cardiol 2011; 100: 379-82
- Bahl A, Swamy A, Jeevan H, et al. Ecg changes of hyperkalemia during paced rhythm. Indian Heart J 2009; 61: 93-4
- Pluijmen MJ, Hersbach FM. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Sine-wave pattern arrhythmia and sudden paralysis that result from severe hyperkalemia. Circulation 2007; 116: e2-4
- Freeman SJ, Fale AD. Muscular paralysis and ventilatory failure caused by hyperkalaemia. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 226-7

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Neoclassical Schools (1871-today)
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In Economics the period which begins with the Marginalist Revolution (1871) and extends until today is called the period of the Neoclassical Schools.
The Marginalist Revolution
Marginalist Revolution [1] was the name given to a movement which took place (almost) simultaneously and independently during the end of the 19th century led by a series of works which lay the foundation for a new concept of Economics and which contributed to the attempt to transform it into an exact science [2].
This programatic goal -- to transform Economics into an exact science -- find in the books of Carl Menger (1871) [3] William Stanley Jevons (1871) [4] and Léon Walras (1874)[5] its decisive moments and it is exactly to designate this multiple explosion that the name "Marginalist Revolution" [1] has been coined.
Adam Smith (1776), David Ricardo (1817) and the Classicals [6] (which adopted a cost of production theory of value) struggled to understand what came to be called the paradox of "value in use" versus "value in exchange", a conundrum that confounded the great economist Adam Smith (_PHONE_), known as the "diamond-water paradox". Smith explained in Chapter 4 of Book I of Wealth of Nations:
Nothing is more useful than water: but it will purchase scarce anything.... A diamond, on the contrary, has scarce any value in use; but a very great quantity of other goods may frequently be had in exchange for it."
Water is essential, diamonds are frivolous. But the price of diamonds is far higher than that of water. Smith and the Classical School had failed to distinguish between "total utility" and "marginal utility" [7]. The elaboration of this insight transformed economics in the late 19th century, and the fruits of the marginalist revolution [1] continue to set the basic framework for contemporary microeconomics.
The creation of the Theory of Marginal Utility
The creation of the marginal utility's [7] concept, which flourished during the end of the 19th century, brought the answer to the "diamond-water paradox" and has been the theoretical basis for the economic analysis of demand.
The value of marginal utility [7] is defined as "the additional utility perceived by the consumer by the addition of one extra unit of a good".
For example: a hungry consumer finds an enormous utility by eating a first loaf of bread. This utility declines as he keeps eating more units. The 10th loaf of bread represents for him an utility far smaller than the first one. And the 100th loaf might represent no utility at all.
The creators of the concept
Demand analysis became possible by the theory of utility, the mathematical tools of which were first developed by Hermann Heinrich Gossen (_PHONE_) [8] (_PHONE_) in Germany. However, due to its abstract and mathematical nature, Gossen's work was dismissed by the all-powerful German Historical School [9]; Schmoller [10] dismissed him as an "ingenious idiot". "Gossen's law of the saturation of wants" ("first law of Gossen") stated: "The continuance, increase or repetition of the same kind of consumption yields a continuously decreasing satisfaction or pleasure up to a point of satiety". "Gossen second law" or "the law of diminishing marginal utility", which was his most original contribution, presaged the Marginalist Revolution of 1871-74. These laws were first propounded in 1854 by Gossen, in a rare and little known German book [11] and was only rediscovered more than twenty years later by Robert Adamson (_PHONE_), a Scottish Professor of Logic and Philosophy, and reported to the eminent English economist, William Stanley Jevons who brought it to the attention of the economic profession. Gossen's work was graciously acknowledged by Jevons in 1878. [12] Grossen is considered a proto-marginalist.
Almost simultaneously Carl Menger in Austria (1871), Léon Walras in France (1874-77) e William Stanley Jevons in England (1871) published their works and became the fathers of the Marginalist Revolution [1].
Later Alfred Marshal [13] in England, on his book Principles of Economics [14] (1890), greatly extended the concept and recognized that prices are determined simultaneously by factors of cost and factors of demand. Marshall's theory also analyses the complexes phenomena occurring in a price system, with various goods interacting among themselves and affecting each other's prices.
Carl Menger founded the Austrian School [15] (a.k.a Vienna School), which was later joined by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek; Léon Walras worked with the Lausanne School [16] while William Stanley Jevons led the Anglo-American Marginalists ("Jevonians") [17].
For more information, see: Marginalist Revolution.
Anglo-American Neoclassicism (1871-Today)
Anglo-American Marginalists ("Jevonians")
The Anglo-American Marginalists ("Jevonians") [18] refer to early English and American writers between the 1870s and the 1930s who strayed from the Marshallian and Institutionalist schools. Many could thus be deemed "followers" of W.S. Jevons; they adopted the "mathematical" method of reasoning and/or the radical "subjectivism" inherent in Jevons's revolutionary marginalism.
Clark and the American Apologists
John Bates Clark (_PHONE_) [19] is best known for developing the "marginal productivity" concept and the "product exhaustion" thesis behind the [[Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution, which he was the first to develop in 1889. He also developed the theory of marginal utility-based demand independently in 1885. As one of few American economists of the Marginalist school and a prominent apologist for the capitalist system, John Bates Clark was a great opponent of the Institutionalist School.
The "American Apologists" [20] is the term used to describe late 19th-century and early 20th-century American arch-conservative economists and social scientists. Theoretically they hoovered between Classical and Neoclassical economic theory; they distinguished themselves in their applied work and policy stance. The most important American Universities system were dominated by strict apologists for the status quo. Simon Newcomb at Johns Hopkins, John Bates Clark at Columbia, J. Laurence Laughlin at Chicago, Charles Dunbar and Frank Taussig at Harvard, Arthur T. Hadley and William Graham Sumner at Yale, all defended the new industrial age and condemned the unions and populist causes.
Alfred Marshall and The Cambridge Neoclassicals ("Marshallians")
The Marshalians[21] was a group inspired on the work of Alfred Marshall which relied on practical, intuitive arguments rather than mathematical formalism, taking into account items such as historical time, institutional and industrial structure and real world phenomena, such as uncertainty, money and business cycles. Their main focus was on representative conditions. Their work emphasised partial market equilibrium, couching their arguments in terms of "representative" agents, firms, etc. rather than grand, idealized, multi-market general equilibrium systems.
London School of Economics (LSE) and Robbins
The London School of Economics and Political Science [22] was set up as in 1895 by Sidney J. Webb and Beatrice Potter Webb, fabian socialists [23], but its early appointments were more conservative: W.A.S. Hewins (later a Tory MP) was its first director, Edwin Cannan, was to head the economics department, the technocratic Arthur L. Bowley headed statistics and liberal theorists L.T. Hobhouse headed sociology.
The L.S.E. from the very beginning aimed at being an academic teaching-and-research powerhouse. It was one of the group of "new universities" (like M.I.T., Johns Hopkins, Chicago, etc.) founded at the turn of century which eschewed the Oxbridge-Ivy League "gentlemanly education" approach in favor of a more serious academic and technical approach, akin to the Central European model. Like other "new universities", the L.S.E. was keen on raising its profile via academic research.
Lord Lionel C. Robbins, _PHONE_.
Lord Robbins was one Englishman who was not a Marshallian but rather a follower of Jevons and Wicksteed. He was one the few economists in England who cared to read the Continental European economists - Walras, Pareto, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser and Wicksell. As a result of his Jevonian-Lausanne-Austrian-Swedish influence, Robbins helped to move Anglo-Saxon economics off its Marshallian rails and onto Continental ones.
His tools were the London School of Economics and a famous 1932 essay on economic methodology. He appointed Friedrich A. von Hayek [24], who in turn bred a new generation of English-speaking "continentals" such as


text:
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There are many potential hazards when working in excavations and trenches. Probably the most common hazard at any work site is the threat of cave-in. A cave-in occurs when walls of an excavation collapse.
Cave-ins can be deadly. Wall failures often occur suddenly, with little or no time for the worker to react. The weight of the soil crushes and twists the body, causing death or serious injury in a matter of minutes. Excavations need not be deep or large to create a life threatening hazard, so every excavation must be taken seriously.
Why do cave-ins occur? Undisturbed soil is kept in place by natural horizontal and vertical forces of the nearby soil. When we dig in the earth, these natural forces are no longer able to hold back the soil left behind. With no support, eventually the laws of gravity take over, and the soil from the excavation walls move downward and inward into the excavation. The result is a cave-in.
Cave-ins are more likely to occur in unprotected excavations where:
- The excavation is dug in unstable soil, or in soil that has been dug in before;
- There is excessive vibration from construction equipment or vehicle traffic around the excavation ;
- Too much weight near the sides of an excavation, most frequently from equipment or the excavated material (spoil pile) too near to the edge;
- Water has collected in the excavation;
- Changes in weather conditions (freezing, melting, sudden heavy rain, etc.)
Although there isn't much that can be done about the weather, there are ways to help control these conditions. In order to safely and efficiently work around excavations and prevent cave-ins from occurring, always follow the points below:
- Re-route traffic whenever possible, and keeping only the heavy construction equipment needed near the excavation;
- Keeping the spoil pile at least 2 feet back from the edge of the excavation;
- Pumping water out of the excavation before anyone enters it;
- Using protective systems when required.
The threat of a cave-in is not the only safety concern when working around excavations and trenches. Other hazards to be considered include accidental contact with utility lines, crushing and striking hazards posed by mechanized equipment, and hazardous atmospheres. These hazards will be discussed in greater detail in later chapters. All of these hazards, however, can be kept to a minimum with thorough planning. A pre-job survey allows contractors and owners the opportunity to avoid costly changes after the work has begun.


text:
Saint Germanus the Daco-Roman was born in the mid-fourth century, probably on the borders of Cassian and the Caves in the diocese of Tomis (in what is now Romania), and was related to St John Cassian (February 29). St Germanus, who was older than St John, was tonsured at one of the local monasteries when he was still a young man. The holy bishop St Theotimus I (April 20) may have been his Spiritual Father.
In turn, St Germanus became the Spiritual Father, friend, and teacher of St John Cassian, instructing him in monastic perfection. They both lived at one of the monasteries of Dacia Pontica for a short time, and then worked together in Bethlehem from 380-385. Later, they traveled to Egypt and visited some of its cenobitic monasteries. They also visited the hermits of Nitria and Mount Sinai, seeking to benefit from their holy example and wise counsel.
Sts Germanus and John went to Constantinople in 399 in order to be near St John Chrysostom (November 13), and around this time Germanus was deemed worthy of ordination to the holy priesthood. When Chrysostom was deposed and exiled in 404, the two saints journeyed to Rome in order to plead his case before Pope Innocent I.
St Germanus completed the course of his life in the early fifth century, perhaps at the monastery estabished by St John Cassian at Marseilles, or in one of the monasteries of Dacia Pontica.


text:
Since I'm teaching some 18c novels alongside Roy Porter's social history this term in my undergrad course, I'm always thinking about ways to teach students the distinct uses of literary and historical evidence in thinking about our period, since both constitute indispensable sources of information about the past. In my institution, students typically come to my courses without any prior introduction to either the novels or the history that I teach, so I'm always puzzling over the sequencing of contexts and information. [people might recognize some of these issues from our discussion of MH's course earlier this year]
Here's a quote from F.A. Ankersmit's Introduction to History and Tropology, where he discusses the possibility of reading Zola's novels, as opposed to the historian Zeldin, to gain a picture of social life in France under Napoleon III:
The cycle [of novels] would require a specific kind of reading: we would have to read the cycle in such a way that the relevant knowledge could be deduced from the cycle–whereas it is the pretension of history books to present their readers with that kind of knowledge in a straightforward way. The difference is analogous to that between the clue for a word in a crossword puzzle (the novel) and the intended word itself (history). And naturally this difference must have its consequences for the narrative organization of either novel or historical text (5-6).
And, I would add, consequences for the narrative organization of a course in the novel.


Ghost Recon Wildlands Wiki
Ghost Recon Wildlands Wiki
The various Factions in Ghost Recon Wildlands.
The Bolivia depicted in Ghost Recon Wildlands is ruled by a corrupt government that has recruited the Unidad force to control the population and suppress any signs of revolt. As a trained military force, they exert their authority with violence and impunity. To face them, local Bolivians have started a rebel movement: the Kataris 26. Led by the charismatic Pac Katari, a natural-born warrior who believes in the force of nature and the balance between good and evil, they fight for the freedom of their people. In the middle of this war, the Civilians try to survive.
List Of Factions
See Also


I have two trees that experience significant traffic of ants up and down?
 1. Crataegus 'Pauls's Scarlet' - An established mid-age tree. Ants go up to the top of the tree, can't see what they are looking for. No visible damage or decease of the tree.
 2. Sorbus aucuparia - This is a young specimen, only 1m/3ft high. I noticed some black spots on the underside of emerging leaves. Ants come as if attracted to these spots. Or they tend them. Could they be their eggs?
Here are two pictures of affected sorbus' leaves underside:
enter image description here
enter image description here
Whereas "Paul's scarlet"'s leaves look fine at the first glance:
enter image description here
Some pictures of ants:
enter image description here
enter image description here
enter image description here
They are approximately of length 3mm / 1/8 inch.
Should I do something about it, or just ignore it?
Also, I noticed that ants respect 'right side' rule when passing each other. The trees are in continental Europe (Serbia, 30 km off of Belgrade, altitude 100m). Would ants in Britain behave differently?
 - 1
 What's your goal? Saving the trees? Eliminating the ants? – Mast May 25 at 12:22
 - _USER_ Saving (or growing and providing healthy environment for) the trees. Nothing against ants or even aphids per se. – Alex Alex May 25 at 12:26
 - In another area, that is sandy, there is a colony of ants, but I didn't see them bothering any plant nearby. – Alex Alex May 25 at 12:35
 - 4
 Antkeeping hobbyist here: Imho this question is impossible to answer without knowing where you are located and without knowing what the ants look like. A photo would be helpful. Most ant species won't harm your tree at al. But there are a few that will destroy them from the inside out. (Lasius fuliginosus comes to mind if you live in Europe) Edit: looks like I missed the part where you said the trees are in Britain. My bad. Point about the picture still stands though. – Opifex May 25 at 15:42
 - 1
 _USER_ "The trees are in continental Europe" is pretty clear – pipe May 26 at 9:09
The trees have probably got aphids. From the RHS website here:
Ants may be found climbing plants with aphid colonies, they tend the aphids obtaining honeydew as a reward. The ants will remove aphid predators.
Not much you can do about it. If you spray the aphids, you risk killing useful predators such as ladybirds. Best treat it as all part of nature's rich tapestry. Here in the UK ants are legally obliged to walk on the left :-)
 - 6
 What's the proper procedure for reporting an ant walking on the right? – spikey_richie May 25 at 13:22
 - 7
 _USER_ Report it directly to Her Majesty the Queen! (of the ant colony). – Philipp May 25 at 13:45
 - 3
 Therein lies the problem. She's very hard to get to, usually 2 feet under my lawn using my sundial as a mock gatehouse, or a stubborn tree stump. Then there's all the red tape to get through, and her (seemingly endless) entourage. I might write a petition to suggest she improve public relations, otherwise she'll feel the wrath of a litre of boiling water on her poorly defended keep. – spikey_richie May 25 at 13:49
 - 7
 You're right about the aphids, but dead wrong about the response. If the aphids are well established, it's already beyond anything that ladybirds can do (and perhaps there aren't any anyway), so you lose nothing by spraying. And even if you don't want to spray, sticky bands around the trunk stop the ants and leave the aphids way more vulnerable to predators. Bottom line, you absolutely can do stuff about it, and you should if you value the health of the tree and getting any fruit off it. – Graham May 25 at 20:40
 - 2
 _USER_ Your choice, of course, but spraying ornamental trees to kill common pests such as aphids is not an environmentally friendly way to garden. You do realise that Crataegus 'Paul's Scarlet' and Sorbus aucuparia are not fruit trees, don't you? – Peter4075 May 26 at 12:06
I agree with the other answers, you probably have an aphid infestation.
But rather than spraying your trees to get rid of the aphids, you may try putting a ring of glue on your tree, to get rid of the ants.
Without their support, your aphid infestation will probably quickly rescind due to the natural predators.
 - 3
 Good suggestion. Try googling "glue bands for fruit trees" to see what's available. – Peter4075 May 25 at 11:31
The problem with not treating for aphids is it's likely to get worse, especially with ants warding off aphid predators. With large trees, it's obviously next to impossible to treat for aphids because you can't reach the top easily, but for your smaller tree, if there are a lot of aphids,I would recommend some treatment, even if that's just you physically rubbing them off. If you don't want to do that, then use one of the organic sprays mentioned in the RHS link already supplied. If you clear the aphid infestation, the ants will disappear. Note also that, although ants on plants most often indicates the presence of aphids, it may also indicate scale insect infestation.
It might be instructive to look for the Hawthorn shield bug which feeds on the fruits of both hawthorn and other species including rowan (mountain ash). The fruits are attractive because both are pomes, like apple fruits, with a fleshy, juicy outer cover. The shield bugs pierce the fruit and allow them to bleed juices which contain sugars that the ants can profit from. Humans should be very careful about trying haws and rowan fruits, they need to be prepared correctly in the making of jams and jellies.
Aphids and ants might like my trees, but they love garden nasturtium.
enter image description here
If there's a nasturtium somewhere close to the trees, aphids, ants and ladybugs will happily move there (here's a related article):
enter image description here
As a bonus, these plants are easy to grow. Every part of it tastes great, provided it's not too rich in protein.
 - Hm, do aphids taste well? – Alex Alex May 26 at 7:23
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 _USER_: Ahah. No, I should have written "provided they don't have any protein". It's interesting, though, some leaves are almost completely covered by aphids, and some leaves or flowers don't have any. And those taste great. – Eric Duminil May 26 at 7:31
 - 1
 _USER_ From my experience cycling, I would say no. – Andrew Morton May 26 at 10:08
You didn't say how big the tree is. If you have aphids on roses, you can just brush them off. A tiny minority might make it back to the plant or be carried back by ants, but most wont.
Doable if it's a short sapling, but perhaps not too practical for huge mature tree :).
 - I said one tree is a very young tree, and another one is middle-aged, the size can be concluded easily by that and species. – Alex Alex May 27 at 13:57
 - Ah sorry missed that – Ne Mo May 27 at 23:30
Contact a local tree care company. A lot of the times they offer a systemic injection into ground around the root system of the tree. The tree will uptake the treatment and then when the aphids bite onto the tree (usually the underside of the leaves where its soft), they will take in the treatment and die. I have had this done with Elm Scale for my Elm tree.
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In Michelle Benoit's reductive and luminous Lucite sculptures, her color choices reference memory, personal experience, and a sense of place – she describes the work as a "tangible remembering." In this new series Laminae, the artist's process is akin to a geologist gathering core samples of the earth. Benoit, based in Providence, Rhode Island, literally excavated the walls of her childhood bedroom. The palette choices in her sculptures were derived from the layers of paint and wall paper she discovered in the core samples, which are recreated with acrylics, gouache, and other pigments and forever preserved under reclaimed bulletproof Lucite.
New York-based painter Marilyn Lerner creates vividly colorful, geometric abstract paintings in oil. Music is an important and meaningful experience in the creation of her work and informs the shapes as well as color choices in her paintings. Lerner has traveled extensively and drawn inspiration from Javanese court Gamelan music as well as Middle Eastern and Algerian Raȉ music. Rejecting any reliance on color theories or a systematic approach to geometric form, her process is instead intuitive, with one color choice leading to the selection of another. In the same manner, the presence of a dominant shape will give rise to other forms and patterns that emerge in her paintings. While symmetrical arrangements of geometries dominate her work, a closer look reveals that Lerner's compositions are rarely mirror images.
Based in Birmingham, Alabama, Pete Schulte's geometric drawings form the cornerstone of his artistic investigations, which also include sculpture, site-specific wall drawings, and installations. Working at small-scale in his drawings, Schulte's pristine and nuanced compositions are predominately graphite but also include gouache, ink and pigment. He eschews mechanical processes and executes his drawings slowly and entirely by hand. His approach is intimate and intuitive, creating drawings of quiet strength, with one work often begetting the next. Schulte notes that, "without irony, I am attempting to craft a life-affirming response to the existential, political, social and ecological catastrophes that currently confront us."


Indigenous Voices 3/20/07
Producers/hosts: Rhonda Frey and Meredith DeFrancesco
Special guest host: Denys Millar
Topic: The book, "The Life and Traditions of the Red Man" and family, of Joseph Nicolar
Guests: Charles Shay, Grandson of Joseph Nicolar; James Eric Francis, Tribal Historian
Who was Joseph Nicolar? Why is his book so important? What resources are there available on culture?
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This Polish-Podlachian phrasebook is primarily a collection of prescriptive phrases of the Podlachian language for Podlachian peole who in public communication either use solely a foreign language or employ a great deal of barbarisms because of an insufficient knowledge of their mother tongue.
The phrasebook may also serve to all the interested parties — both Podlachian and foreign — as a handbook of the standardized version of the Podlachian language that we propagate via our website.
The phrasebook includes all typical conversational situations found in a phrasebook of a similar size for any other language and a lot of nontypical ones. The stress has been made to present the Podlachian language in its lexical and stylistic diversity.
Work in progress.
* * *
In the search field, you can use * character (asterisk) for a wildcard, for example: ala* (search for words that start with ala...), *tka (search for words that end with...tka), etc.
Total entries in the dictionary: 1 360


Johnsonville Fossil Plant
TVA's Johnsonville Fossil Plant is located on 720 acres of land near Waverly, Tenn. It is named for the town of Johnsonville, which was flooded during the formation of the adjacent Kentucky Lake. The town was relocated several miles south and named New Johnsonville.
Johnsonville is the oldest fossil plant in the TVA fleet. Plant construction began May 12, 1949 with the first of the plant's 10 operating units going into service Oct. 27, 1951. The final unit began generating electricity on Aug. 20, 1959.
Johnsonville can generate about 1,500 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year, enough to power approximately 800,000 homes. Units 1 through 4 also provide steam to a nearby DuPont plant in a co-generation configuration. Johnsonville is the only TVA coal-fired co-generation facility.
Nevertheless, units 1 through 4 will cease generation by December 2017, as part of a consent decree with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Units 5 through 10 were idled in 2012.
Toxics Release Inventory
Emissions Data


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Most Popular in:
The Role of Engineering Technologies: Virtual Prototyping
By: Brian Bell, Peter Spicka and Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay
Posted: October 14, 2008, from the May 2006 issue of GCI Magazine.
page 4 of 5
The CFD model in this case consists of several strands of hair very close to the scalp.
In the first example, a comparison is made of the removal of a mixture of grease and dirt from the hair using water and then a water/shampoo mixture. The dirt/grease is modeled as a viscous liquid. At the start of the simulation, droplets of dirt/grease are present on the hair. An initial simulation was performed using pure water only, which does not affect the dirt/grease surface tension or contact angle. The two images in Figure 3, taken from the beginning and end of the simulation, show that very little dirt/grease was removed.
A second simulation was performed using a flow of water/shampoo mixture (containing the 2% detergent). Because the detergent lowers the surface tension of the dirt/grease, the flow of shampoo/water is very effective at removing the dirt as shown by the images in Figure 4, which represent several snapshots in time from the CFD simulation.
In the second example, a simulation is performed of the time-dependent wicking/penetration of a medication (antidandruff agent, for example) into the scalp as it is delivered in a shampoo/water mixture. The concentration of medication in the shampoo/water mixture is assumed to be 1%. Such rudimentary models can be used to obtain a better understanding of the roles of diffusion; convection and capillary effects on the cleaning and delivery effectiveness of various hair-care products.
Through these examples and an analysis of the market factors driving this industry, it is shown that the use of CFD can help companies create more optimal (or "perfect") products by helping to reduce time-to-market by reducing the time required for physical testing while providing a high level of return on investment, by understanding how unit operations in process equipment affect product quality and by gaining insight into product performance.


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Helping students gain understanding and self-confidence in algebra.
descartes123 wrote:prove that the triangle with its summits P(-2,-1), Q(6,1) and R(3,4) is right-angle.
descartes123 wrote:The thing is that in this case we have to use a formula, describing a distance between to points.
let's say if we have two points M1(x1,y1) and M2(x2,y2). and you have to use a distance formula.


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Sometimes we need to use methods for solving literal equations to rearrange formulas when we want to find a particular parameter or variable. Solving literal equations is often useful in real life situations, for example we can solve the formula for distance, d=rt, for r to produce an equation for rate. We will need all the methods from solving multi-step equations.
Sample Problems (5)
Need help with "Solving Literal Equations" problems? Watch expert teachers solve similar problems to develop your skills.
The area of a triangle is a = ½b⋅h.
The formula to convert from celsius to Fahrenheit is F = 1.8C + 32.
The formula for the circumference of a circle is C = 2πr


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I know it's a type of capillary electrophoresis, but I don't get how does the separation happen exactly.
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Many of us are using isotachophoresis all the time without even realising it. The explanation that follows may not be exact, but I hope that it helps.
Firstly, think about a simple electrophoresis set-up - in agarose electrophoresis of DNA we have a uniformly distributed buffer such as Tris-borate. The current is carried by the borate ions and the DNA molecules run through the homogeneous electric field towards the anode. They separate by size because of the sieving effect of the agarose matrix.
Now let's think about what is happening in an SDS-PAGE separation (a Laemmli gel). Just to remind you:
The running (or reservoir) buffer is Tris-glycine pH 8.3
The stacking gel is in Tris.HCl pH 6.8
The separating gel is in Tris.HCl pH 8.8
When the power supply is turned on, the glycinate ion in the top reservoir begins to move into the stacking gel. When it hits the zone of pH = 6.8 it is much closer to its pKa and so is now only weakly charged. Consequently it slows down. Meanwhile the chloride ions in the stacking gel have begun to move rapidly down through the stacking gel (towards the anode). This creates a discontinuous electric field: the chloride zone has a lower resistance than the glycinate zone so the field strength in the chloride zone is weaker than the field strength in the glycinate zone. This is a stable situation because the ions cannot stray into each other's zones: if a glycinate ion happens to diffuse forwards into the chloride zone it will experience a weaker field and slow down, whereas if a chloride ion diffuses back into the glycinate zone it will hit the stronger field and quickly move ahead again.
What about the SDS-protein complexes that were in the well? (I'll just refer to these as proteins from now on.) Their ionic properties lie between the glycinate and the chloride, and so they eventually end up moving through the stacking gel between the trailing zone of glycinate and the leading zone of chloride. Any protein that finds itself in the glycinate zone will move quickly forward (due to the higher field strength) and any protein that moves ahead by chance into the chloride zone will slow down due to the weak field strength, falling back into the protein zone. And in this way these zones move in a procession through the stacking gel, with the proteins being focussed into a very narrow region in the middle. The glycinate, the proteins and the chloride are all moving at the same speed, and so this is an example of isotachophoresis (isotacho- = "same speed"). The polyacrylamide gel matrix in the stacking gel has no separating function - its role is simply to stabilise against convective effects. The proteins can reach very high local concentrations in the stacking gel, and if you look carefully you will often see refractive effects as your sample runs through the stacking gel. In this way the protein sample is "applied" to the separating gel in a very tight band, perfect for achieving high resolution separation (bands broaden by diffusion in the separating gel so the tighter the bands ar eat the point of loading, the better the final result.)
Once the sample hits the separating gel, all of this breaks down: the pH is now 8.8 so the glycinate becomes strongly charged and zooms off ahead with the chloride through the gel, leaving the proteins to move more slowly due to the sieving effect of the polyacrylamide matrix.
It is possible to set up an isotachophoresis as described above in isolation. Individual proteins will have slightly different ionic properties and will line up in the region between the two buffer ions, allowing for their separation.
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Assessment Results... Are they related to your purpose?
Assessment Results... Are they related to your purpose?
There are many types of assessments and each has its own purpose.
A critical consideration in selecting an assessment is to use an assessment that fits your purpose. If you are attempting to hire, develop, promote, and retain talent, the assessments must produce reports that are related to the requirements of the job.
Does the assessment use the same set of factors for every job? If that is the case, it is very unlikely to effectively predict job success.
In order to predict job success the assessment must be job-specific. For example, many personality tests use the same set of personality factors for every job. The majority of these factors are likely to be irrelevant to job success for any one job.
How can recruiters or line managers know how to use such information when it is not job specific? Using such assessments is not only counter-productive, it violates hiring ethics, and in many cases, legal guidelines.
The things being measured and considered when making employment decisions must be specific to the job and not confused with things that don't relate to success for that job. This eliminates many off-the-shelf assessments, but it is just common sense. However, some off-the-shelf assessments are able to be configured to the job and even offer performance research related to success for a large variety of job types.
Considering norms for factors that are unrelated to job success reduces diversity, which is important for having a variety of viewpoints to make better decisions.
Some assessment providers show norms related to their assessment scores. At first glance this may seem to help interpretation. However, it usually causes misinterpretations. If the factor is not related to job success, there is no value in knowing the norm.
If the norm is presented as an ideal range, this also creates confusion since no one really wants to hire people who are average.
The Harrison Assessment results in a rich set of accurate and reliable Decision Analytics that focus on crucial success and engagement factors for any given job. These Decision Analytics support and accelerate decisions throughout the entire talent management life cycle - from recruiting and hiring... to performance management... to learning and development... to leadership development and succession planning... to team building.
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text:
February 14, 2011
Your Word documents are composed of sections, which you use to vary the layout. Insert Section Breaks to divide the document into sections, and then format each section the way you want. You can change the page orientation, margins, paragraph formatting, add columns, add or change page numbering and text in headers or footers, etc.
For example, you may have a chart that is landscape in layout, but your main document is oriented to be portrait. Insert a Section Break, change the page orientation, add your chart, and then insert another section break to change the page orientation back to portrait.
You can have a cover page with no numbering, a Table of Contents with roman numerals and the main document with regular page numbers, and different margins - all by using Section Breaks.
Click the Page Layout tab/ Page Setup group/ Breaks to open the dialog box. In the bottom half are the Section Breaks choices:
- Next Page inserts a new page with a new section.
- Continuous inserts a new section on the same page. (Useful for starting or ending columns)
- Even Page and Odd Page are used when you want the new section to begin on the next even or odd page. (An example would be at the beginning of each new chapter where you would want the first page to be on an odd page.)
Note: An important thing to remember about headers and footers in new sections is to make sure that Link to Previous is not highlighted if you want different text or page numbers in the header or footer in the new section. To change this, double-click in the header or footer and look in the Navigation group. Click on Link to Previous to turn it off.


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Artificial Lung Device Pioneered at UK is New Breath of Life for Pike County Patient
LEXINGTON, Ky. (Aug. 2, 2011) — After 37 years of working in the coal mines in Eastern Kentucky, Ernie Gillispie of Canada, Ky. in Pike County, had black lung disease. Suffering from the condition for more than 25 years, Gillispie said it became a challenge to walk even five feet and forced him to begin using a wheelchair in December 2010. However, an artificial lung device pioneered at UK HealthCare led to Gillispie's being eligible to undergo a life-saving transplant.
Although there was much uncertainty when the Gillispies first came to UK HealthCare, they were willing to take chances to improve Ernie's quality of life. "We met with Dr. Charles Hoopes to see if there was anything we could do," said Vanessia Gillispie, Ernie's wife of more than 30 years.
Hoopes, UK HealthCare's new director of the UK Heart and Lung Transplant Program and the director of the Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) Program, shared with the Gillispies an option that could save his life, but risk was involved because it had not been done before at UK.
Hoopes recommended Gillispie undergo surgery to allow the use of an artificial lung and double lumen catheter, an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), to improve his condition and quality of life, with the hope that this improvement would make him a candidate for a double lung transplant.
"The goal of artificial lung technology in patients like Mr. Gillispie is to demonstrate that lung transplantation will be effective therapy," Hoopes said. "If by replacing the lungs with an artificial membrane allows a patient to exercise and function normally, then lung transplantation will benefit the patient and dramatically improve their quality of life."
ECMO, which is used in cases so severe that the usual therapy of a respirator, machines and extra oxygen are ineffective, allows blood to receive oxygen from the artificial device. This particular device was created by UK HealthCare's surgeon in chief, Dr. Jay Zwischenberger and is used worldwide.
With the assistance of the device, Gillispie proved himself to be a candidate for lung transplantation but without it, he would not have been strong enough for a transplant surgery, Zwischenberger said.
Not only is this lung technology significant to UK HealthCare, Zwischenberger said, it is also significant to Kentucky, "This [lung technology] sets us up to be able to bridge patients to lung transplant, rather than having their condition continue to deteriorate while waiting for a transplant," he said. "Dr. Hoopes is an early adapter of this technique and we are now one of only a very few places in the country that utilizes ambulatory ECMO as a bridge to transplant."
Zwischenberger has been working on the development of an artificial lung for 25 years and began partnering with co-inventor Dongfang Wang, M.D., Ph.D., UK Director of the Artificial Organ Laboratory, nine years ago on the double lumen catheter (DLC) project.
"The machine proved that Mr. Gillispie's lungs worked properly, and he could live a normal life," Hoopes said. "If a patient cannot exercise after their breathing is'replaced' with an artificial lung, then transplant will provide little clinical benefit. The limited number of donor organs can be used in patients who will most likely benefit. Artificial lung technology allows us to be certain that the patient potentially receiving the organ transplantation is physically well enough to undergo the surgery and recovery."
After only three days using the artificial lung, a successful double lung transplant was performed on April 11, 2011.
"I can breathe again and before the ECMO I couldn't do anything," Gillispie said. "Before the surgeries if I tried to walk 25 feet, I'd collapse. But, two hours after the ECMO surgery I was riding a bicycle and four hours after that I was walking down the hallway. And, it keeps getting better from there. It's a new breath of life."
Gillispie says he plans to live life to the fullest. He continues clinic visits at UK HealthCare and is looking forward to taking his grandchildren fishing.
Transcript of video available here. Video by Greg Robinson, with help from Amy Jones of UK's Office of Public Relations & Marketing.
MEDIA CONTACT: Julie Meador, _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


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In the News
Research indicates that sports participation and active commuting to school would significantly decrease obesity prevalence in adolescents.
As reported in the July 2012 issue of Pediatrics, we surveyed 1718 high school students and asked them about their team sports participation, active commuting to school, recreational physical activity, height, weight, diet quality, and other individual characteristics.
We found 4 key points:
- Adolescents playing on 2 sports teams were 22% less likely to be overweight/obese and 39% less likely to be obese compared with adolescents not playing on any sports teams.
- The prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity would decrease by 11% and 26%, respectively, if all adolescents played on 2 sports teams per year.
- Adolescents who walked/biked to school at least 4 days per week were 33% less likely to be obese compared with those who never walked/biked to school.
- The prevalence of obesity would decrease by 22% if all adolescents walked/biked to school at least 4 days per week.
Sports participation typically involves consistent moderate to vigorous physical activity, which may account for its robust inverse relationship with high-risk weight status. Active commuting to school may also be a fruitful strategy for decreasing childhood obesity. To combat dwindling active commuting rates in youths in recent decades, federally-funded Safe Route to School programs are providing the necessary infrastructure to support active commuting to school. Based on our results, interventions that facilitate sport participation in adolescents of all ability levels should be prioritized for obesity prevention.
Authors: Keith M. Drake, Ph.D., Michael L. Beach, M.D., Ph.D., Meghan R. Longacre, Ph.D., Todd MacKenzie, Ph.D., Linda J. Titus, Ph.D., Andrew G. Rundle, Dr.P.H., Madeline A. Dalton, Ph.D.
Study examines links between movie smoking, team sport participation and youth smoking.
As reported in the July 2009 issue of Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, we examined the joint effects of movie smoking exposure and team sports participation on established smoking. We analyzed data from school and telephone-based surveys that assessed movie smoking exposure and team sports participation in 2,048 youths aged 16-21 years.
We found two key points: team sports participation lowers the risk of youth smoking. However, the more movie smoking that team sports players see, the greater the likelihood that they will be smokers.
This study adds to the mounting evidence that explicit policies are needed to minimize youth exposure to movie smoking.
What can parents do?
- Monitor what movies your child watches.
- Restrict R-rated movies.
- Use online tools designed for parents, including screenit.com and commonsensemedia.org, to be informed about the amount of smoking in a specific movie.
Parents, teachers, coaches, and clinicians should be aware that encouraging team sports participation in tandem with minimizing early exposure to movie smoking may offer the greatest likelihood of preventing youth smoking.
Lead author Anna Adachi-Mejia, Ph.D.


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The amount of twist in a yarn helps to define the style of yarn- a yarn with a lot of air such as a woolen yarn will have much less twist than a yarn with little air, like a worsted yarn. It also affects the stretchiness of the yarn, strength, the halo of the yarn, and many other attributes. Filling or weft yarns usually have fewer twists per inch because strength is not as important as with warp yarns, and highly twisted yarns are, in general, stronger. Warp yarns have to be stronger so that they can withstand the tension of the loom.
The number of twists per inch can, in plied yarns, be determined by counting the number of bumps in one inch, and divide by the number of singles (the strands plied together to make the yarn). If the picture to the right, for example, was of an inch of 2 ply yarn, then the number of twists per inch would be 6 divided by 2, or three, as there are six bumps, and it is a two ply.
While this method works very well with plied yarns, singles don't have bumps to count. One way to determine the tpi for a single is to add a contrasting color fiber when spinning it, and then count the number of times the contrasting fiber has wrapped around the yarn. Another method is to measure an inch of yarn, and untwist it, counting how many full revolutions it takes until there is no twist left. This can be done by inserting two paper-clips into the yarn, at an inch apart, thus making it easier to count a full revolution. A less precise method is to allow the single to ply against itself: the resulting two ply yarn is about half the number of twists per inch of the single. Thus one can roughly find the number of twists per inch for the single, or one can use the doubled back yarn as a measure.
With yarn that is both thick and thin, than it is best to count over several inches and average them. This is because the number of twists per inch will tend to vary from the thin and thick sections.
where is the Twist Multiplier, also known as or the Twist Factor. This Twist Multiplier is an empirical parametr that has been established by experiments and practice that the maximum strength of a yarn is obtained for a definite value of K. In the case of ring spun cotton yarns, for example, the following values of K have been found to give the best results.
Warp yarns, 35's and less 4.75Warp yarns, 35's to 80's 4.50Warp yarns, 80's to 110's 4.25Filling yarns, medium numbers 3.50
Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System with Subtractive Clustering: A Model to Predict Fiber and Yarn Relationship
Jun 01, 2010; Abstract The spinning process is an important process in the Textile Industry. The yarn (output) coming out of the spinning...


Celebrity Skin Lightening – How Do They Do It?
celebrity skin lightening
Celebrity Skin Lightening Techniques
Do You Wonder Why Celebrities Brighten Their Skin?
Many celebrities, particularly those who are of darker skinned races like Rihanna or Sammy Sosa have been thought to use techniques for celebrity skin lightening. There is some evidence online in photographs that they lightened their skin, however some of it may possibly also be the work of some fancy computer program too! Hence, there is a bit of speculation as to how authentic these claims are, as even darker skinned folks will have times of the year their skin tone can change slightly. Furthermore, there are medical conditions or certain medications that have been recognized to result in skin lightening properties, for totally inadvertent reasons.
Nevertheless, there may indeed be celebrities who are involved in skin lightening techniques and are apt to use them to consciously change the tone of their skin.
What is Celebrity Skin Lightening?
Celebrity skin lightening happens when a celebrity decides they would like to brighten the overall color of their skin or repair some discoloration and the easiest method to do that is with lightening techniques. The complete effect is to achieve an uniform skin tone, and generally some lightening. Celebrity skin lightening is also every so often called skin whitening, because it is practically like the appearance bleach might have on clothing to take out color and brighten the look of clothes.
Skin lightening is considered a cosmetic procedure that can be completed by individuals in their home, or sometimes aestheticians, dermatologists, or even plastic surgeons undertake more advanced processes and techniques. Celebrity skin lightening is fashionable because it can help fix any skin irregularities that on occasion crop up in darker complexions and help any areas affected by hyperpigmentation or depigmentation attain a blended look.
Who Else Can Whiten Their Skin?
Celebrity skin lightening is not just intended for celebrities, and you do not need a superstar salary to lighten your own skin. Skin lightening is not always for people of dark complexions either even light skinned people may well need to eliminate some discoloration they do not want. For illustration, a common use of skin lightening is to impart an even skin tone to areas that may have freckles, birthmarks, or scars left over from an injury or possibly acne.
Some people suffer from a medical condition called vitiligo, which can produce dramatic areas of depigmentation in the skin. In this situation, more effective means to bleach the skin may be required, as well as a doctor's consult.
Is Celebrity Skin Lightening Reliable?
Celebrities are commonly able to find out the finest kinds of ingredients and best procedures around – so they will most likely exercise safe celebrity skin lightening. What folks should be concerned about is when they try to do skin lightening on their own to attain a similar appearance to their preferred movie star. Make certain the ingredients are not perilous to fitness. This is because some successful skin lightening ingredients are powerful in particular because they are dangerous. They consist of hydroquinone, which is a recognized carcinogen; mercury-based ingredients which are poisonous; and steroids, which can have unwanted side-effects. Furthermore, these ingredients possibly will actually lead to inferior skin consistency in some people. When lightening its important to use a safe and reliable product such as SkinBright skin lightener. SkinBright for celebrity skin lightening can be found at _URL_.
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GCSE Practice French and Spanish Speaking activities - Foundation and Higher packs
Email _EMAIL_ to receive a free pack of sample resources emailed to you straight away.
What's included in the GCSE Practice French and Spanish Speaking activities packs?
- Speaking test questions and sample answers at grade 4,5 and 6 (foundation) and grade 6 and 9 (higher)
- Role play practice cards and sample correct answers
- Photo card practice activities and sample correct answers
- Teaching PowerPoints and lesson activities such as quiz quiz trade and group talk to prepare students for the high frequency language
- Native speaker voice recordings of sample correct answers which you put on your school VLE to help students practise
The new skills required for role plays and photo cards can be taught to students.
These can also be used for in school speaking assessments
Email _EMAIL_ for free samples
Practice Spanish Speaking activities for the 2018 GCSE
Email _EMAIL_ for more info and sample resources


Medium Format Techniques emphasized in D800, but not D7000
Started Jul 17, 2012 | Discussions thread
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Andre Affleck Senior Member • Posts: 2,256
Re: Medium Format Techniques emphasized in D800, but not D7000
TiltShift wrote:
If the sensor was the size of a dot "." and you rotated on any axis around the dot while taking an exposure the image would not be affected. Now replace that dot with a full frame sensor and rotate even slightly arround any point on the sensor which is what happens in part when we shake (there is a linear component and and a twist component) and the points on the sensor that are further from the point of rotation will be significantly shifted from ideal. Hence the larger the format the more susceptible the edges of the frame are to the effects of movement during exposure.
Not quite IMO.
Given the same field of view, the rotational blur would be the same regardless of sensor size (actually both rotational, and lateral). Like I posted earlier, the physical blur at the sensor may be larger for larger sensors, but so is the projected image (by the same amount). They cancel, leaving the same amount of blur registered in the image independent of format.
In addition, although it can occur, rotational blur is far less prominent than lateral blur (check your blurred images). If it wasn't, then VR lenses would be far less effective since they can only correct for lateral movement. There was talk of some being able to correct for rotation, but I'm not sure if this is true since it is very difficult to do (rotating the lens element does not rotate the image).
The smaller the pixel the more likely that pixel will register the movement.
Why? See my explanation here:
If you managed to move the camera 1pixel width in the horizontal direction during the exposure your 36mp sensor will be resolving like a 18mp sensor in the horizontal direction which for jpegs on your computer screen you would not notice.
Ok, but the question is how much loss would there be, given the same amount of blur, for a camera that has an 18MP sensor to begin with?
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text: This article gives an example of self-deradicalisation from Tunisia. It addresses the potential of radicalised individuals to de-radicalise themselves from within the Salafi doctrine with no external interventions, in comparison with the state's religious rehabilitation approaches to tackling radicalism which not only fail but are also counterproductive. Deradicalisation could, of course, involve a more comprehensive rejection of Salafi ideology. This article suggests that an effective type of deradicalisation that is more likely to make the desired change possible is one in which there is a gradual modification of some attitudes and behaviours without abandoning the whole underpinning Salafi ideology. Referring to the personal narratives of 28 individual Tunisian Salafis, the article identifies phases of radicalisation and deradicalisation as the individual voluntarily moves from embracing radical ideology to a more critical understanding and practice reflecting on personal and interpersonal experiences of being radicalised. The research shows that the process of self-deradicalisation is reflective of Salafi youth experience of engagement with radicalism and is more likely to happen in societies that allow political expression and individual freedom that invoke individuals' critical thinking.


1. Money
Futures Market Expiration Dates
Futures markets (e.g. the Euro to US Dollar futures market) are traded using futures contracts, which are divided into several (usually four or more) contracts throughout the year. Each of the futures contracts is active for a specific amount of time, during which it can be traded, and the contract then expires, and can not be traded any more. The date upon which a futures contract expires is known as its expiration date, and the expiration dates are fixed for each futures market by the exchange that provides the market (e.g. the CME Group for the Euro to US Dollar futures market).
Standard Expiration Dates
There are four expiration dates which are considered the standard futures market expiration dates. The four standard expiration dates are the third Friday of every third month, which in 2011 (next year) will be as follows:
 - March 18th
 - June 17th
 - September 16th
 - December 16th
The standard expiration dates apply to most of the stock index futures markets (e.g. the Nasdaq 100 futures market), most of the stock index options markets (e.g. the S&P 500 options market), and some of the individual stock options markets, and are known as triple witching Friday because of the three types of markets that are expiring.
Additional Expiration Dates
There are also several expiration dates that are equally as important, but they are not known as the standard expiration dates (or as triple witching Friday). The additional expiration dates can be any day of any month, such as the Monday before the standard expiration dates, which is the expiration date for most of the currency futures markets (e.g. the Euro to US Dollar futures market).
Finding The Expiration Dates
The expiration dates for each futures market are provided by the contract specifications for each futures market, which are provided by the exchange that provides the market, and are usually available via the exchange's web site (e.g. _URL_ etc.).
 1. About.com
 2. Money
 3. Day Trading
 4. Futures
 5. Futures Market Expiration Dates
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text: Hi all. I'm stuck on a physics problem obviously...So the original problem basically is a golfer is trying to put a ball 1.0m long or short of the cup. From uphill it is more difficult than downhill-explain why. Assume that the ball decelerates constantly at 2.0m/s^2 going downhill, and constantly at 3.0 m/s^2 going uphill. The uphill and downhill lie are both 7.0m from the cup. I'm supposed to calculate the allowable range of initial velocities that can be imparted on the ball so that it stops in the 1.0m long or short range from the cup. I wrote down my given for this: (hope i got it right) a(up)=2.0m/s^2 a(down)=-3.0m/s^2 V(init)=? V(final)=0m/s x(down)=-7.0m x(up)=7.0m (should the distance be different since the golfer can hit it anywhere between 6m-8m?) I tried using the V(init)=sqrt[V(final)-2a(x-x(init)], but i don't think i'm doing it right. Can someone give me some pointers or explain this problem a bit more? Thanks for the help!


text:
The Devos cooker is a parabolic solar cooker with a table to protect the cook.
- Main advantages: the Solar Cooking Table allows dishes to be cooked with an open focus, and at high temperatures, in complete safety.
- Applications in Africa : all the dishes can be cooked: tô, different doughs (breads, pastries, porridges), rice with fish, and fried food.
- Applications in northern countries: as a barbecue or as a fryer.
- As a cooking table: It is possible to access the dish during the cooking, at all times. It allows the cook to knead dough or stir the food while it is heating. It allows the regulation of the temperature and heat during the cooking.
- As a barbecue: it can cook ribs of beef, pork chops, sausages, kebabs, and grilled meat, with a special plate. It can also cook French fried potatoes, fritters, Spanish churros, doughnuts, and all sorts of frying.
The Solar Cooking Table, with a particular size, has given the following results in west Africa:
- in Senegal, it cooked rice with fish.
- In Burkina it cook rice, pasta and fritters.
- Rice for 10 people cooked in 1 hour.
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Bio-resonance – History
One of the first 'Bio-resonance' machines was created in the 1950's by German Engineers who heard about what the Chinese were doing with Acupuncture points. Acupuncture is based on stimulating or opening the body's energy points. The smart German engineers said 'Where there is energy it can be measured'. And they set about creating a machine to measure these supposed energy points on the body. They were successful and found that acupuncture points have several times more electrical activity than a point on the skin only a fraction of an inch away.
Today the machines have evolved and many companies make their own versions for different purposes from stimulating the acupuncture points (electronic acupuncture) to using the device for overall health screenings (bio-resonance testing, electronic homeopathy). It is the use of bio-resonance to improve a person's health that intrigues me.


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During the winter months centipede grass does not enter a truly dormant state. The grass can suffer severe damage if the weather is harsh and cold with warming stretches. A freeze will kill the top growth of centipede grasses. The grass can return once the weather warms again, but another freeze can cause damage to the root system if the cycle continues to repeat. The top foliage and the root system of the grass can easily be killed when the weather cycles between warm and freezing several times in a season. If this occurs, replanting will be necessary. Centipede grass should only be planted in areas that are temperate and do not offer dramatic wintertime fluctuations.
Mow centipede grass at a height of 2 inches during the winter months. Mowing grass to a shorter height can cause the grass to weaken and be more susceptible to wintertime damage. Keeping the grass at 2 inches will help protect the centipede grass roots during a frost. Allowing the grass to grow longer than 2 inches will cause excessive thatch buildup in the spring.
Fertilize in the late fall using a 15-0-15 fertilizer. Phosphorus should not be applied to centipede grass because it can easily deplete the iron supplies that the grass will need throughout the winter. Apply approximately 1 lb. of fertilizer per 1,000 square feet. Water the fertilizer into the lawn thoroughly. Apply fertilizer again in January.
Apply a pre-emergent herbicide to the centipede grass during the wintertime to kill any weeds that might try to compete or take over the centipede grass. A hormonal herbicide will prevent many broad leaf weeds from reaching maturity. Apply the herbicides according to the instructions on the label.
Water centipede grass during the winter at a rate of 1/2 inch every three days. Sandy soil conditions will require more frequent winter watering to maintain the centipede grass. Water the grass any time that the temperature is predicted to drop below 20 degrees Fahrenheit. The water in the soil will help keep the centipede grass warm during an extremely cold night.


text:
This definition appears very rarely
and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
Samples in periodicals archive:
Ghaddar's professional achievements were recognized by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research in June 2012, when she received the Distinguished Scholar Medal and Certificate for Research Excellence for her work in energy efficiency.
In 1991, the American University of Beirut, the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Relief Fund (UNICEF) founded the National Water Research Unit (NWRU) as a joint endeavor.


text:
can take on an objectionably blurry appearance, as though we were dealing with a severely restricted depth of focus, and the crisper look of the median average becomes advantageous. I'm not sure quite where the quantity threshold lies, but my time-based face-averaging experiments mostly seem to lie on the far side of it.
Below is a set of examples I created based on 109 images from Vogue published during the first half of 1954—part of the Fashionable Face project I described here. The mean average is shown on the left, and the median average is shown in the middle; results have had auto-contrast and auto-color applied.
As with the Miss America examples shown earlier, the median average is sharper and presents a discernible hairdo (albeit a somewhat frizzy-looking one) where the mean has only a hazy blur. It does have one weakness relative to the mean average, though: the low contrast between lips and teeth, which makes it look as though the subject is biting her tongue. We're combining source images with teeth alternately bared and hidden, and the median average hasn't handled that situation as satisfactorily as the mean average has. Indeed, "tongue-biting syndrome" seems to be a chronic flaw of median averages. But we can always copy the teeth from the mean average into the median average, as I've done to create the composite on the right. And we could mix and combine the means and medians in any number of other ways besides.
Now let's increase the quantity of source images even further. Here are the mean and median averages of 241 images from the March 2014 issue of Vogue, processed in the same way as the examples from 1954.
In these last two examples, the mean averages give an uncanny impression of a disembodied head floating in a thick mist, while the median averages anchor the faces to hazy but appreciable—and different—hair-shapes. The example I showed at the start of this blog post presents a pair of averages from the same project, based on 154 images from Vogue over the first half of 1994. I'd definitely go with medians here rather than means, now that this is an option.
Now let's return to my original plan of exporting warped faces from FaceMixer as a means of storing them up for re-use over the long term. Last winter, I cropped a bunch of color images of female faces from the Media History Digital Library covering the years _PHONE_ with the idea of preparing each year's pictures for averaging as opportunity permitted and then eventually incorporating all the results into a time-based animation. I got through the years 1914, 1919, 1924, and 1929, but then left things sitting, partly because I wasn't sure how to save my work reliably. So by way of experiment, I've now exported the warped faces from these four FaceMixer projects. Below are the results of the individual projects for 1914, 1919, 1924, and 1929 (from right to left) as averaged in Photoshop with the mean average on the top and the median average on the bottom (results have had auto-contrast, auto-color, and auto-tone applied).
But how do things go when we try to combine faces exported from different projects? To try out one scenario, I loaded all the warped source images for 1914, 1919, 1924, and 1929 as layers into a single Photoshop document, in chronological order, and then ran my Averager 1.0 script on it, set to generate median averages in groups of fifty while advancing twenty source images per frame. Here's the result, combining exported images warped to the Shapes of four different projects:
Judging from this quick-and-dirty experiment, I'm optimistic that separately warped and exported source images will combine well enough for animation, one potential problem area being the mouth (this appears to be an animated version of tongue-biting syndrome). And that has exciting implications in turn. As I've exported warped images from my earlier work on the Fashionable Face project, I've been assigning filenames to them that sort naturally into chronological order, so whenever I like I should be able to run my iterative averaging script on the folder of warped sources and automatically generate a sequence of overlapping averages based on my current data set. Previously, this processing step was labor-intensive enough not to be undertaken lightly. Now it should be trivially easy to create draft animations showing where the project stands at any point.
Meanwhile, here are all 229 source images exported from my FaceMixer projects for 1914, 1919, 1924, and 1929, averaged into a single pair of still images:
These results could be sharper than they are, but they still look reasonably acceptable under the circumstances. Granted, the averaged subject suffers from tongue-biting syndrome, but that could be retouched if we're concerned about it.
Another advantage of exporting individual warped images from FaceMixer is that we can adjust them individually in a variety of ways before averaging. Parts of images that end up looking grotesquely distorted after warping tend to get "averaged out" in the end result, but they could also be selectively erased, blurred, or otherwise removed (although I'm not sure the difference would be worth the time and effort). Also, whenever the face-selection square on the "Edit Face" screen extends beyond the borders of a source image, FaceMixer fills in the missing area with black, so if there are a number of such images in a project, one or more edges of the resulting average end up conspicuously darkened, as can be seen above in many of the averages from _PHONE_. But we have the option of filling these areas with some other color. Below are averages of 115 images from Harper's Bazaar from early 1978, first created with the warped images "as is" on the left, and then on the right with the black border areas filled using typical colors selected from each of the sources with an eyedropper tool. The mean average at upper left is what I was previously restricted to creating and is limited pretty much to the face itself with a hazy, dark background.
The combination of color-filling the black border areas and substituting the median for the mean makes a big difference. Once again, the median suffers from tongue-biting syndrome, but we can combine median and mean results:
It's easy enough to make that last adjustment (of the teeth) manually for a single still image: just overlay the median average as a new layer over top of the mean average in Photoshop, erase the center portion of the mouth from the top layer, and flatten the result. Carrying this out the hundreds or thousands of times needed for an animation would be another story, but I can probably come up with a script to do it automatically, as long as the area to be replaced is reasonably consistent. We'll see.
So far I've been leaving the Shape adjustment in FaceMixer alone. The default is for faces to be warped and overlaid to the average Shape of all the faces in the project, with the warp point values of each face contributing an equal percentage to the whole. However, you can also adjust the percentages to weight individual source faces more or less heavily. Unfortunately, I've found that if you tinker with the Shape and Feature settings simultaneously, FaceMixer starts getting buggy and will generate a blank frame roughly one time in five if you try to export a result or add it to the list of Candidates. This limits what we can conveniently do with the Shape adjustment feature. However, FaceMixer still displays a result onscreen in these instances, so it's at least possible to capture screenshots of results even if they can't reliably be exported or saved as Candidates in the usual way. Below is an animation I created from the Miss America data set for 2016-17 by capturing screenshots of the composite result with the Shape percentage of one of the source images set to each incremental value between 0% and 50% and then averaging these in overlapping groups of ten and advancing forward by three images between frames:
And here's an anaglyph of median averages created from results with the same source image set to two different Shape percentage values. You'll need red-cyan glasses to perceive the stereoscopic effect.
FaceMixer can't handle faces portrayed in full profile, so for averaging those I've been using image morphing software, specifically FotoMorph, which is a far more time-consuming approach and doesn't scale well at all. The technique I described here entails generating animated morph sequences between pairs of images, selecting the midpoint frames as the averages, and then averaging those averages the same way in turn to create composites based on four sources, or eight, or sixteen, or thirty-two, or sixty-four, and so on. So, for instance, I averaged these details of four casually chosen nineteenth-century paintings—
Here too I have an update to share in terms of technique. In my earlier blog post about this technique, I lamented "the need to average images grouped by powers of two (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.)." But it's since occurred to me—and now seems obvious in retrospect—that we can in fact average any quantity of images, weighted equally, if we select frames other than the midpoint. Let's say we want to add a fifth image (already cropped and flipped horizontally) into the four-image average shown above:
What we need is an output image that is 4/5 the earlier composite and 1/5 the new source. If we were to create a morph sequence with six frames, starting with the earlier composite and ending


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I am trying to prove something that has essentially boiled down to proving that $9 + 2^x$ will only ever be a perfect square for the unique value of x=4, and that no other value will produce a perfect square. First, I am not sure if this always holds true, but it is valid for a few small values I checked.
I need to prove that $9 + 2^x = k^2$ only when $x=4$, and where $k$ is an integer. I tried reducing $\text{mod } 9$ to get
$$2^x \equiv k^2 \text{ (mod 9)}$$ and I know that squares modulo 9 will be 0, 1, 4, or 7. However, after this I am stuck and do not know how to proceed.
share|improve this question
An approach modulo $m$ is likely not to work, or at least not simply. For there is a solution. Thus we cannot expect to reach a contradiction using modular considerations. – André Nicolas Jun 3 '14 at 4:52
2 Answers 2
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Hint: $2^x+9=k^2$ if and only if $2^x = k^2-9 = (k-3)(k+3)$. Thus $k-3$ and $k+3$ must be powers of $2$.
share|improve this answer
Do you then show that beyond a certain value for x, the two powers will always differ by more than 6: $2^n-2^{n-1}>6 \text{ for } n\geq 4$? However, how do you relate $n$ back in terms of $x$ and $k$? – _PHONE_ Jun 3 '14 at 4:56
_USER_: The powers of $2$ needn't be consecutive. Notice that, when $s


text:
Revit provides a general mechanism for giving each element a set of parameters that you can edit. In the Revit UI, parameters are visible in the Element Properties dialog box. This chapter describes how to get and use built-in parameters using the Revit Platform API. For more information about user-defined shared parameters, see Shared Parameters.
In the Revit Platform API, Parameters are managed in the Element class. You can access Parameters in these ways:
- By iterating through the Element.Parameters collection of all parameters for an Element (for an example, see the sample code in Walkthrough Get Selected Element Parameters).
- By accessing the parameter directly through the overloaded Element.Parameter property. If the Parameter doesn't exist, the property returns null.
- By accessing a parameter by name via the Element.ParametersMap collection.
You can retrieve the Parameter object from an Element if you know the name string, built-in ID, definition, or GUID. The Parameter[String] property overload gets a parameter based on its localized name, so your code should handle different languages if it's going to look up parameters by name and needs to run in more than one locale.
The Parameter[GUID] property overload gets a shared parameter based on its Global Unique ID (GUID), which is assigned to the shared parameter when it's created.


text:
The Asian Legal Resource Centre will focus on the following functions:
- Co-ordinating and sharing amongst local, national and sub-regional groups and individuals information on legal service programmes and legal initiatives being taken in Asian countries, through such means as e-mail, newsletters, publications, exchange of materials and workshops;
- Facilitating exchanges of people working in the field of human rights and legal resources, and to encourage sharing of information and skills. Development of such programmes in places where they do not currently exist through visits, internships, and the like;
- Develop training schemes to assist the creation and operation of legal resource and para-legal programmes, and promoting the running of such programmes on a sub-regional basis;
- Researching and analysing current legal issues, human rights violations and oppression of people within Asia and to encourage development of a macro-perspective on these problems and provide such information for the Asian Human Rights Commission.