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, and bisexual employees do not disclose their sexual orientation at work. Employees may fear the reactions of their managers and coworkers, leading to keeping their sexual identity a secret. In reality though, it seems that disclosing sexual orientation is not the key to explaining work attitudes of these employees—it is whether or not they are afraid to disclose their sexual identity. In other words, those employees who fear that full disclosure would lead to negative reactions experience lower job satisfaction, reduced organizational commitment, and higher intentions to leave their jobs.Ragins, B. R., Singh, R., & Cornwell, J. M. (2007). Making the invisible visible: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1103–1118. Creating an environment where all employees feel welcome and respected regardless of their sexual orientation is the key to maintaining a positive work environment.
How can organizations show their respect for diversity in sexual orientation? Some companies start by creating a written statement that the organization will not tolerate discrimination based on sexual orientation. They may have workshops addressing issues relating to sexual orientation and facilitate and create networking opportunities for lesbian and gay employees. Perhaps the most powerful way in which companies show respect for sexual orientation diversity is by extending benefits to the partners of same-sex couples. In fact, more than half of Fortune 500 companies currently offer health benefits to domestic partners of same-sex couples. Research shows that in companies that have these types of programs, discrimination based on sexual orientation is less frequent, and the job satisfaction and commitment levels are higher.Button, S. (2001). Organizational efforts to affirm sexual diversity: A cross-level examination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 17–28.
OB Toolbox: I think I am being asked illegal interview questions. What can I do?
In the United States, demographic characteristics such as race, gender, national origin, age, and disability status are protected by law. Yet according to a survey of 4,000 job seekers, about one-third of job applicants have been asked illegal interview questions. How can you answer such questions?
Here are some options.
- Refuse to answer. You may point out that the question is illegal and refuse to answer. Of course, this may cost you the job offer, because you are likely to seem confrontational and aggressive.
- Answer shortly. Instead of giving a full answer to a question such as "are you married," you could answer the question briefly and change the subject. In many cases, the interviewer may be trying to initiate small talk and may be unaware that the question is potentially illegal.
- Answer the intent. Sometimes, the illegal question hides a legitimate concern. When you are being asked where you are from, the potential employer might be concerned that you do not have a work permit. Addressing the issue in your answer may be better than answering the question you are being asked.
- Walk away from the interview. If you feel that the intent of the question is discriminatory, and if you feel that you would rather not work at a company that would ask such questions, you can always walk away from the interview. If you feel that you are being discriminated against, you may also want to talk to a lawyer later on.
Sources: Cottle, M. (1999, April 25). Too personal at the interview. New York Times, p. 10; Thomas, J. (1999, July–August). Beware of illegal interview questions. Women in Business, 51(4), 14.
Suggestions for Managing Demographic Diversity
What can organizations do to manage diversity more effectively? In this section, we review research findings and the best practices from different companies to create a list of suggestions for organizations.
Build a Culture of Respecting Diversity
UPS operates in 200 countries, including Italy where a boat is carrying packages on the Canal Grande in Venice. At UPS, 58% of all senior officers are women or minorities.
In the most successful companies, diversity management is not the responsibility of the human resource department. Starting from top management and including the lowest levels in the hierarchy, each person understands the importance of respecting others. If this respect is not part of an organization's culture, no amount of diversity training or other programs are likely to be effective. In fact, in the most successful companies, diversity is viewed as everyone's responsibility. The United Parcel Service of America Inc. (UPS), the international shipping company, refuses to hire a diversity officer, underlining that it is not one person's job. Companies with a strong culture—where people have a sense of shared values, loyalty to the organization is rewarded, and team performance is celebrated—enable employees with vastly different demographics and backgrounds to feel a sense of belonging.Chatman, J. A., Polzer, J. T., Barsade, S. G., & Neale, M. A. (1998). Being different yet feeling similar: The influence of demographic composition and organizational culture on work processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 749–780; Fisher, A. (2004). How you can do better on diversity. Fortune, 150(10), 60.
Make Managers Accountable for Diversity
People are more likely to pay attention to aspects of performance that are measured. In successful companies, diversity metrics are carefully tracked. For example, in PepsiCo, during the tenure of former CEO Steve Reinemund, half of all new hires had to be either women or minorities. Bonuses of managers partly depended on whether they had met their diversity-related goals.Yang, J. L. (2006). Pepsi's diversity push pays off. Fortune, 154(5), 15. When managers are evaluated and rewarded based on how effective they are in diversity management, they are more likely to show commitment to diversity that in turn affects the diversity climate in the rest of the organization.
Diversity Training Programs
Many companies provide employees and managers with training programs relating to diversity. However, not all diversity programs are equally successful. You may expect that more successful programs are those that occur in companies where a culture of diversity exists. A study of over 700 companies found that programs with a higher perceived success rate were those that occurred in companies where top management believed in the importance of diversity, where there were explicit rewards for increasing diversity of the company, and where managers were required to attend the diversity training programs.Rynes, S., & Rosen, B. (1995). A field survey of factors affecting the adoption and perceived success of diversity training. Personnel Psychology, 48, 247–270.
Review Recruitment Practices
Companies may want to increase diversity by targeting a pool that is more diverse. There are many minority professional groups such as the National Black MBA Association or the Chinese Software Professionals Association. By building relations with these occupational groups, organizations may attract a more diverse group of candidates to choose from. The auditing company Ernst & Young Global Ltd. increases diversity of job candidates by mentoring undergraduate students.Nussenbaum, E. (2003). The lonely recruiter. Business 2.0, 4(9), 132. Companies may also benefit from reviewing their employment advertising to ensure that diversity is important at all levels of the company.Avery, D. R. (2003). Reactions to diversity in recruitment advertising: Are differences black and white? Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 672–679.
Affirmative Action Programs
Policies designed to recruit, promote, train, and retain employees belonging to a protected class are referred to as affirmative actionPolicies designed to recruit, promote, train, and retain employees belonging to a protected class.. Based on Executive order 11246 (1965), federal contractors are required to use affirmative action programs. In addition, the federal government, many state and local governments, and the U.S. military are required to have affirmative action plans. An organization may also be using affirmative action as a result of a court order or due to a past history of discrimination. Affirmative action programs are among the most controversial methods in diversity management because some people believe that they lead to an unfair advantage for minority members.
In many cases, the negative perceptions about affirmative action can be explained by misunderstandings relating to what such antidiscrimination policies entail. Moreover, affirmative action means different things to different people and therefore it is inaccurate to discuss affirmative action as a uniform package.
Four groups of programs can be viewed as part of affirmative action programs:Cropanzano, R., Slaughter, J. E., & Bachiochi, P. D. (2005). Organizational justice and black applicants' reactions to affirmative action. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1168–1184; Kravitz, D. A. (2008). The diversity-validity dilemma: Beyond selection—The role of affirmative action. Personnel Psychology, 61, 173–193; Voluntary diversity plans can lead to risk. (2007). HR Focus, 84(6), 2.
- Simple elimination of discrimination. These programs are the least controversial and are received favorably by employees.
- Targeted recruitment. These affirmative action plans involve ensuring that the candidate pool is diverse. These programs are also viewed as fair by most employees.
- Tie-breaker. In these programs, if all other characteristics are equal, then preference may be given to a minority candidate. In fact, these programs are not widely used and their use needs to be justified by organizations. In other words, organizations need to have very specific reasons for why they are using this type of affirmative action, such as past illegal discrimination. Otherwise, their use may be illegal and lead to reverse discrimination. These programs are viewed as less fair by employees.
- Preferential treatment. These programs involve hiring a less-qualified minority candidate. Strong preferential treatment programs are illegal in


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Problems of translating modern Scottish literature into French, with special reference to 'The crow road' by Iain Banks
This thesis, which is written in French, examines the problems of translating modem Scottish literature into French. To illustrate them, a case study on The Crow Road by lain Banks will be undertaken. A short introduction first establishes the content of the thesis, its different parts and the strategy that we have adopted to tackle our main problem. This is identified as the cultural "otherness" of Scottish writing, which has been to a greater or lesser degree occulted in French translations of Scottish Literature. Chapter I looks at theoretical aspects of translation from a thematic point of view ranging from a philosophical approach, through a linguistic one to various cultural approaches, with specific reference to Eugene Nida and Lawrence Venuti. Chapter II examines Scotland as a nation and as a country with important linguistic and cultural differences from its southern neighbour. We will see how important this separation is in literature and how some theorists have dealt in particular with the problem of translating the vernacular. Chapter III is devoted to the analysis of the French translations of four Scottish authors, James Kelman, William McIlvanney, Irvine Welsh and lain Banks. It examines passages from the texts but also emphasises the strategies adopted by the translators. Chapters IV and V focus on respectively on lain Banks and The Crow Road in order to provide thorough social and cultural contextualisation before considering ways of translating the novel. Chapter VI considers a number of potential strategies for translating sections of The Crow Road: a 'domesticated' one, a Nabokov style, the use of a French dialect and finally one using Venuti's concepts. The conclusion suggests that translators are free to choose between competing strategies, or even to mix them, but that what is crucial is to have a thorough knowledge of the source culture, and a conscious and apparent strategy, before approaching works as culturally laden as contemporary Scottish novels. The Translator may have to have the courage to offend against existing French translation norms if translation is to be truly trans cui tural.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Assistance is a property of instruction. Intuitively, assistance refers to how much help the learner gets from the instruction as they are learning. The term scaffolding is nearly synonymous.
Operationally, assistance is equated with the probability of a good performance during training. For instance, if the training involves solving a multi-step problem, and the experimental instruction causes students to have a higher probability of correctly entering steps than the control instruction, then the experimental instruction has a higher degree of assistance.
Theoretically, one can decide whether one instructional method provides more assistance than another by analysis of whether one gives more information than the other. For instance, a worked example gives more information than the analogous problem because the worked example gives the answer and the steps to solve the problem whereas the problem withholds the answer and steps. In other words, because a problem provides a logical subset of the information provided by a matched worked example, a problem is less assistance than a worked example.
It is important to emphasize that saying students get more instructional assistance from one instructional method than another does not mean students will learn more. Assistance is not equal to learning. Sometimes less assistance is better, for instance, because it may be more engaging or because it may require more deep thought or sense making. This difficult challenge for an instructional designer of deciding when to give more assistance or information versus when to withhold it is the assistance dilemma. That students with higher competence may benefit from lower levels of assistance is the assistance hypothesis.
Different forms or dimensions of instructional assistance can be found here. See also an even broader set of instructional methods and a more narrow set of instructional principles and hypotheses. Macro-level framework

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Gerome's Magical Garden
4 years & up. Bring reading, planting, and growing together with this comprehensive kit. The teacher's guide provides complete instructions, curriculum guidelines, and 24 reproducible lessons for grades K-2. Key subjects are math, reading, art and culture, and science. Includes 3 pots, a 28-page illustrated book, growing calendar, stickers, 6 seed packs (beans, lettuce, peas, spinach, carrots, and radishes), trowel, and 2 figurines. Potting soil not included.


Home > Help center > AppCell > Appcell Storage
Appcell Storage
Depending on the business needs and preferences, some AppCell plugins may require their own data storage. This is done through ETCD storage.
Plugins, such as cPanel and Plesk do require the use of having their own storage, as they include data such as their location, IDs, DNS, ID security, login information, etc. Most often the Plugin must write/update its data. Having security in mind, it is best not to allow the plugin access to the main database (Billia). Rather, an alternative mechanism is offered as a recommendation to use for storage - the ETCD storage.
What is ETCD storage
ETCD is a type of a distributed key-value storage, which provides a reliable way to store data. It can then be accessed by a distributed system or a cluster of machines. Applications of any complexity can read data from and write data into ETCD.
ETCD also includes a vast library for the more popular programming languages - JavaScript, Python, Java, C++, Swift, SQL, Ruby, etc.
Why use ETCD storage
Using ETCD is a more simplified process for storage than most. Other options may include more complicated methods for storage and data distribution, such as e.g. using relational databases with a complex structure. The ETCD storage, on the other hand, works with predefined credentials used to access a personal "sent box" in the storage space, where the data for the specific plugin is kept.
Moreover, each plugin that is being installed, would be provided with its own separate ETCD sent box. These ETCD sent boxes also have security, where one Cell cannot access or read the data of another Cell. This way passwords, login and server information cannot be accessed or taken without authorization.
One Cell can access its own storage and read its own data only. But AppCell is the only software able to access and read all Cells' data.
How it works
When a Cell is in the process of being installed, the four Appcell installation files are used: Appcell.json, Plugins.json, Resources.json and Settings.json.
In the installation file AppCell.json, "etcd": ">=3.0" can be specified, which means that during that installation process an ETCD storage is automatically created, with the dedicated database, username, Cell name, and password. It will provide the ETCD host name, password and available access.
"appcell": {
 "etcd": {
 "username": "examplecell",
 "password": "L8bw8BS7jcpkmF1t",
 "access": "/examplecell/*"
Inside this storage is where the application can be configured and where it can read and write its data when changes occur.
In the case ETCD is not requested in the AppCell.json installation file, no such will be created.
Two methods of work are present in regards to assigning/creating an ETCD storage.
 1. Either a personal ETCD storage will be automatically created during the installation of the Cell, or;
 2. A specified API, called AppCellSentboxStorage, can be used instead, which will generate pre-set testing storage boxes. These boxes are available for the application while it's being developed. During that time, data can still be written in it and when it's time - it can be easily erased.


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The fat found in overweight people's lungs
Recent studies have found out that the lungs of overweight and obese people contain fat tissues. Researchers in Austalia had been studying the data collected from lung samples of 52 people. They have found out that the content of these fat tissues increases in line with the body mass index.
It means that overweight and obese people have a greater risk of suffering from respiratory diseases and could also suffer from asthma attacks. Experts and doctors say that the effect of weight loss on these fat tissues would be interesting to know and that it is still unclear how it would affect our body.
The scientists had studied the post mortem samples of the lung which had been donated for research. Out of these 52 samples 15 persons had no problems attacks, 21 had asthma problems but dies of other causes and 16 persons had died because of asthma-related problems.
These fat tissues also known as adipose tissues were present in the walls of the lungs of the people with higher body mass index. It appears that the presence of these adipose tissues inside the lungs causes inflammation in the lungs and changes the structure of the airways which explains why people had died of asthma attacks and that all overweight people bear the same risk.
Researchers had explained that the presence of these fat tissues inside the walls of the lungs increases the weight of the lungs and thus the pressure on its walls increase which causes inflammation. These fat tissues accumulate inside the lung walls due to being overweight or obese.
It limits the air intake capacity of the lungs as space is reduced because of the fat tissues which could cause breathing problems and thus the chances of an asthma attack increases. This means that overweight people should do more physical activity and exercise to keep their respiratory organs healthy.
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TY - JOUR JF - Nutr-Food-Sci-Res JO - Nutr Food Sci Res VL - 7 IS - 1 PY - 2020 Y1 - 2020/1/01 TI - Are there Relationships between the VDR-FokI Polymorphism and Vitamin D and the Insulin Resistance in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) Patients? A Protocol for Case-control Studies TT - N2 - Background and Objectives: Evidence indicate relationships between the sunlight exposure, vitamin D status and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been linked to metabolic changes in insulin resistance and various cancers. The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships between the sunlight exposure and the NMSC risk. Furthermore, relationships between the VDR FokI polymorphism and vitamin D status and the insulin resistance in NMSC patients will be assessed. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study is designed. Participants are randomly categorized into case and control groups. Eligible patients are adults who meet the inclusion criteria with verified diagnosis of NMSC with signed informed consents. Totally, 73 NMSC diagnosed cases and 72 healthy controls are recruited and their sunlight exposure data and genetic information are collected via interviews and high-resolution melting (HRM), respectively. Conclusions: There are controversial reports on the relevance of sunlight exposure to non-melanoma skin cancer risk due to the dual effect of UVB radiation on promoting vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin and increasing DNA damage leading to skin cancer. Results of this study provide data on how much sunlight exposure includes beneficial health effects with no skin cancer risks. Vitamin D status may affect risks of insulin resistance-linked diseases such as cancers. Findings will contribute to the current knowledge of the roles of vitamin D, insulin resistance and FokI polymorphism in skin cancer development. SP - 1 EP - 7 AU - Rezaiian, Fateme AU - Nikooyeh, Bahareh AU - Neyestani, Tirang R. AD - National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences KW - Vitamin D KW - Insulin resistance KW - Non-melanoma skin cancer KW - FokI polymorphism UR - _URL_ DO - 10.29252/nfsr.7.1.1 ER -


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Related to Trader (disambiguation): Trading company
An investor who makes many trades throughout a trading day, buying and selling securities in order to profit from short-term changes in prices. For example, a trader may buy Stock A at $15 per share because he/she believes it will be $18 a few minutes, or hours, later. Traders engage in high risk activities because there is no guarantee that the price will move in the desired direction. However, traders provide a great deal of liquidity to the market. See also: Registered Competitive Trader.
A person who buys and sells securities with the goal of profiting from short-term price swings.
Traders who are dealers or market makers select the securities in which they will specialize and provide quotes on those securities in the marketplace.
They commit their firm's capital by taking positions in those securities and are ready to buy and sell at the prices they quote.
The term trader also describes people who execute transactions at brokerage firms, asset management firms, and mutual fund companies.


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LCN — Prawita GENPPARI is an association of Indonesian tourism activists or Indonesian Tourism Community. Born with a strong drive to promote tourism, arts and culture and empowering SMEs products to advance Indonesian tourism. As an archipelagic country that has tens of thousands of islands, Indonesia has an extraordinary diversity of tourism potential. Both nature tourism, art and culture tourism, historical tourism, religious tourism, and various other types of tourism. Referring to this fact, Prawita GENPPARI is active in educating and training tourism human resources with various programs, including developing tourist villages throughout the country.
BERITA TERKAIT Mendadak! Kapolres Seruyan Bersama Perwira PJU dan Bintara di Tes Urin
*Vision :*
Making Indonesian tourism a mainstay sector to increase love for the country and the welfare of the nation
*Mission :*
1. Identify and map all tourism potentials throughout Indonesia
2. Promote Indonesia tourism to domestic and foreign tourists in a planned, structured and massive manner
3. Develop creativity by organizing events to increase interest and tourism potential
4. Build international networks and cooperation with foreign tourism community, include all stakeholder related to advance the world of tourism
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The Tornado of 1985 - Tornado Memories
On May 31, 1985, a series of tornadoes hit Northeastern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania, leaving behind a wide path of death and devastation. Homes and businesses were destroyed and it was many years before recovery efforts were completed.
The Local History and Genealogy Center of the Warren-Trumbull County Public Library has started a collection of photographs, newspaper articles and reminiscences from those who experienced the disaster. Our goal is to create a centralized collection of information relating to the tornado, so that future generations will have access to the events of that night more than 20 years ago, and the courage and community that arose in the hours, days and weeks following.
See a sample of photographs from our larger collection at the Photographic Memories page. Read what others remember about the Tornado of 1985 at our Memories From Around the Valley page. (A complete collection of written memories - including submissions not available online - is on file in the Local History and Genealogy Center.)
To learn more about severe weather events in the Buckeye State visit the Severe Weather In Ohio: Online Exhibit on the Ohio Historical Society Website.
You may also want to visit this site by Jim Bruner, it is dedicated to all who lost their lives from the May 31, 1985 tornadoes that devastated Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Canada.
Return to the Local History & Genealogy page.


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FishBaseFishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish.
As of 2003, it included descriptions of over 27,000 species, over 137,000 common names in hundreds of languages, over 34,000 pictures, and references to over 29,000 works in the scientific literature.
In 1987, Daniel Pauly, inspired by cataloging work of Walter Fischer for the FAO in the 1970s, proposed a standardized database for fish species, originally calling it the "ICLARM Software Project". The following year he began to work with Rainer Froese, who had been working on an expert system to identify fish larvae. After an abortive attempt to build a system using PROLOG, Froese switched to DataEase, a relational database for DOS. In 1989 the project received its first grant.
In 1993 the project switched to Microsoft Access, and 1995 the first CD-ROM was released as "FishBase 100". Its initial reviews in scientific journals admired the scope but criticized the many gaps in coverage. Subsequent CD releases have come annually, with the FishBase 2000 release needing four CDs.
FishBase first appeared on the World Wide Web in August 1996, and hired a webmaster in the following year. Eventually the complete data of the CDs became available online.
As awareness of FishBase has grown among fish specialists, it has attracted several hundred contributors and collaborators. In order to preserve its value as a scientific database, FishBase is not allowed to include original data; all of its content must be based on previously-published material.
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Discovery, history and establishment of weather stations on Bouvet Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Includes map of Bouvet
World Factboook: Bouvet Island
Information on the location and size of the Norwegian territory.
Temperature and atmospheric pressure readings from the sea-ice buoy on the island.
FishBase: List of Marine/Brackish Fishes for Bouvet Island
Listing and illustrated entries on species native to the island. Includes detailed information on each species.
Bouvet Island Dxpedition 2000
Describes Dr Chuck Brady's scientific expedition to the island.
Maps of the islands and features in and around Bouvet.


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Zuni, New Mexico, is the largest traditional Pueblo in New Mexico -- a sovereign, self-governed nation with 12,000 residents and its own school system. The Zuni Public School District, as explained on the ZPSD website, "is the first Indian-controlled, independent public school system in the nation, established by the Tribal members to meet the needs of their children...It is a unique and progressive educational system that has been undergoing extensive restructuring in organizational and instructional areas so educational needs of all children can be effectively met." But progressive as it may be academically, the school system hasn't matched their advancements in the way they run the cafeteria. At Twin Buttes High School, lunches have always had limited and rarely fresh fruits and vegetables, and offered no vegetarian options, a cause of widespread but rarely expressed dissatisfaction among the students -- until one kid took a stand. An article from the non-profit youth media and advocacy organization, What Kids Can Do, tells the story of 17-year-old Alex Jamon's leadership in uncovering the concerns of his classmates about their own nutrition, and developing a solution that feeds the student body in more ways than one:
"Traditionally, Zuni food has a special quality," Alex says. "There are no preservatives in it and it is all done organically"—a far cry from a frozen pizza in a Styrofoam box...
Rather than dwelling on the problem, however, they decided to invent a solution. That spontaneous act launched the student body into an adventure in sustainable agriculture. Five months later, they've won grants, demolished an abandoned building, developed their own agriculture management curriculum, designed a plan to combine traditional Zuni waffle gardening with modern greenhouse methods, built a greenhouse, and won a promise that their fresh produce may be sold in the community grocery store—the produce they don't eat in the school cafeteria, that is.
The use of the traditional waffle garden technique enables efficient use of water in the desert region, a necessity the students addressed further by building a rain catchment system. They've also constructed their own greenhouse with their own hands. The teacher who supported the establishment of the project, Alicia Fitzpatrick, sees the process doubling as a means to both healthy food and lasting self-empowerment for the participating students.
"The students are totally designing their entire units. They have complete decision-making and voice. They choose their topics, determine their objectives, and decide how they're going to study and reach those objectives. I'm just allowing them the space. It's radical to see what they can do when they are allowed to."
In addition, this represents a return to old agricultural traditions of the Zuni tribe that have been fading over time, resulting in a rise of foodand weight-related illnesses like diabetes. The students have readopted the practice of growing their own food, and have chosen to integrate other native traditions around planting and harvest. They envision the possibility that their school garden project might become one of the attractions that draws tourists to the area and demonstrates their successful use of long-existing practices to address and solve modern problems.
wow, this is amazing. the first thing that jumps to mind is a series of plots, one for each year of a school. ie a high school might have five or six plots. one of which is cleared every year so that the newest students can take ownership. a plot would then become the property of that class for the remainder of their education there.. one wonders as to what could come out of their technologies.
socially, how would a child respond to instituted gardening and construction? this rare occurance of children claiming their own territory is inspiring but how could one mine that motivation and find a common drive that could be transferred into courses around the world? would it become another schlep that youngsters would rather avoid?
on a fundamental level, a course along these lines could provide an alternative to common physical exercises which are often overshadowed by ill formed heirarchies within a class. these are based on aggressiveness and governed by fear of bodily harm. i know because i spent school trying to avoid all such activities. how would these heirarchies translate in a nurturing environment such as this?
Thanks so much for bringing this infomation to the readers. I am so excited about the whole move to edible schoolyards over the last few years. I am a chef myself and I know that cooking can really be a great way to get kids brains working on real life problems and create great problem solving abilities. I would really like to know more about Zuni traditional foods as well. Do you know how I could get connected?


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NEWLY UPDATED!This portable, industrial-grade trainer is an exciting way to teach students about pneumatics with resources that support problem-solving learning. The student workbook contains a series of hands-on activities based on situations occurring in everyday life.
Hands-On Learning Activities Include:
The assembled trainer includes single-acting cylinder, double-acting cylinder, (2) push-button valves, AND valve, OR valve, roller valve, dual pilot air valve, filter, regulator, 4-way manifold, fittings, quick-disconnect tubes, workbook and teacher's guide. Requires access to a compressed air source or portable air compressor.


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This article of Designer Wedding Rings was posted on October 26, 2017 at 7:55 pm. This blog post is posted under the Wedding Ring category. Designer Wedding Rings is tagged with Designer Wedding Rings, Designer, Wedding, Rings..
Designerde•sign•er (di zī′nər),USA pronunciation n.
- a person who devises or executes designs, esp. one who creates forms, structures, and patterns, as for works of art or machines.
- a schemer, intriguer, or plotter.
- designed or created by or carrying a label or identification of a designer, esp. a fashion designer, but often mass-produced: designer jeans.
Weddingwed•ding (wed′ing),USA pronunciation n.
- the act or ceremony of marrying;
- the anniversary of a marriage, or its celebration: They invited guests to their silver wedding.
- the act or an instance of blending or joining, esp. opposite or contrasting elements: a perfect wedding of conservatism and liberalism.
- a merger.
- of or pertaining to a wedding: the wedding ceremony; a wedding dress.
Ringsring1 (ring),USA pronunciation n., v., ringed, ring•ing.
- a typically circular band of metal or other durable material, esp. one of gold or other precious metal, often set with gems, for wearing on the finger as an ornament, a token of betrothal or marriage, etc.
- anything having the form of such a band: a napkin ring; a smoke ring.
- a circular or surrounding line or mark: dark rings around the eyes.
- a circular course: to dance in a ring.
- a number of persons or things situated in a circle or in an approximately circular arrangement: a ring of stones; a ring of hills.
- the outside edge of a circular body, as a wheel;
- an enclosed area, often circular, as for a sports contest or exhibition: a circus ring.
- a bullring.
- an enclosure in which boxing and wrestling matches take place, usually consisting of a square, canvas-covered platform with surrounding ropes that are supported at each corner by posts.
- the sport of boxing;
prizefighting: the heyday of the ring.
- (formerly in the U.S., now only in Brit.) an area in a racetrack where bookmakers take bets.
- a group of persons cooperating for unethical, illicit, or illegal purposes, as to control stock-market prices, manipulate politicians, or elude the law: a ring of dope smugglers.
- a single turn in a spiral or helix or in a spiral course.
- [Geom.]the area or space between two concentric circles.
- See annual ring.
- a circle of bark cut from around a tree.
- a number of atoms so united that they may be graphically represented in cyclic form. Cf. chain (def. 7).
- rowlock (def. 1).
- a bowlike or circular piece at the top of an anchor, to which the chain or cable is secured. See diag. under anchor.
- Also called spinning ring. (in the ring-spinning frame) a circular track of highly polished steel on which the traveler moves and which imparts twists to the yarn by variations in its vertical movement.
- a unit of measurement of the diameter of cigars, equal to 1/64 of an inch.Also called ring gauge.
- See piston ring.
- a set that is closed under the operations of addition and multiplication and that is an Abelian group with respect to addition and an associative semigroup with respect to multiplication and in which the distributive laws relating the two operations hold.
- run rings around, to be obviously superior to;
outdo: As an artist, she can run rings around her brother.
- throw or toss one's hat in or into the ring. See hat (def. 7).
- to surround with a ring;
- to form into a ring.
- to insert a ring through the nose of (an animal).
- to hem in (animals) by riding or circling about them.
- to girdle (def. 11).
- (in horseshoes, ringtoss, etc.) to encircle (a stake or peg) with a ring, horseshoe, etc.
- to form a ring or rings.
- to move in a ring or a constantly curving course: The road rings around the mountain.
Designer Wedding Rings have 6 attachments, they are Simon G. Jewelry, MR1903-A, Huge 2 Carat Princess Designer Wedding Ring Set In White Gold For Women, Simon G. Jewelry, 17 Best Images About Designer Engagement Rings On Pinterest | Hearts On Fire, White Gold And Radiant Cut Engagement Rings, Greg Neeley. Below are the images:
Everybody knows that they have to enhance the table for a wedding reception. Designer Wedding Rings are usually employed contain candles and blooms. The decor is important to be able to cause you to as well as the guests invited to wait while attending your wedding and cozy. There are numerous wedding decorating suggestions as possible employ on your own such special day.
Listed here are eight critical factors that's frequently overlooked developing and when developing Designer Wedding Rings.
Making a Unique Wedding Accessories At Entrance. The entrance for your wedding could be the very first thing viewed immediately by the asked visitors, and the first-impression will be provided by it before they enter and attend the wedding. We recommend that you work with a special and beautiful design in this segment. Use potted crops or bushes on either aspect of the access included in the decoration and add a few flowers and photograph frames while in the passageway to keep to become a magnificent perception of the wedding ceremony.


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Research published by a Swansea University scientist has found amphibians which have a toxic defence against predators - such as the iconic poison dart frogs - have a much higher risk of extinction than species which use other types of defence mechanisms.
The key finding of Dr Kevin Arbuckle's latest study, published today (Wednesday, November 23, 2016) in the journal Royal Society Open Science, is that poisonous species are 60% more likely to be threatened than species without chemical defences.
Amphibians are usually considered the most threatened group of vertebrate animals and are experiencing population declines globally, raising conservation challenges.
The threats to amphibian biodiversity are numerous and include rapid habitat destruction, exploitation, and pollutants entering the environment.
Many characteristics of animals may be linked to contemporary extinction risk. For instance, certain traits are either known or suspected to influence factors such as mortality rates or the ability of populations to recover after declines, and are therefore potential predictors of extinction risk.
The work by Dr Arbuckle, Lecturer in Biosciences (Evolutionary Biology) in the University's College of Science, used amphibians as a model system and tested whether chemical antipredator defence is associated with contemporary extinction rates. This is possible by using conservation status (e.g. 'endangered', 'vulnerable') as a measure of extinction risk in species alive today.
Dr Arbuckle said: "The results of this new study suggest that while toxic defence can be great for avoiding predators, it might be bad news in the long-term for a species. It's another example of how evolution doesn't act 'for the good of the species', but instead for the good of the individual.
"The results also suggest that how a species defends itself might be part of the puzzle of working out which species are in need of conservation efforts.
"The study builds on my previous work, which found that toxic amphibians were also more likely to become extinct over their evolutionary history, and the next step is to figure out what mechanism is behind the link between defence and extinction.
Dr Arbuckle's paper, "Chemical antipredator defence is linked to higher extinction risk", is published in the journal Royal Society Open Science today (Wednesday, November 23, 2016).
Dr Arbuckle previously suggested three main possibilities to explain higher extinction rates in toxic amphibians, and figuring out which of these have been important are the focus of another study.
The different ideas are:
- Costly chemical hypothesis: Chemical defence is energetically costly;
- Marginal habitats hypothesis: Chemical defence allows shifts to'marginal' (low carrying capacity) habitats, which are intrinsically more vulnerable, and;
- Slow life-history hypothesis: Chemical defence is associated with slow life-histories, which damages the recovery of populations after declines.


, update, delete
as external name [AuditCommon].[AuditCommon.Triggers].AuditCommon
Now you are ready to test. Perform updates, insertions, and deletions and watch the AUDIT table fill up! Here are some sample tests:
-- Test "update"
update ADDRESS set City = 'New City 4' where AddressID = 4
-- Test "insert"
insert into ADDRESS
 'Inserted Address 1',
 'Inserted City 1',
 'Inserted StateProvince 1',
-- Test "delete"
delete from address where AddressID = 8
TECH NOTE 1: In this example we use the SQL Management Studio to deploy the assembly, the trigger, and the test code. The built-in Visual Studio deployment and testing mechanism will NOT work with the generic trigger because that mechanism requires that you specify a particular table in the metadata of your trigger routine, and of course our purpose here is to avoid supplying such data.
TECH NOTE 2: The CLR trigger routine relies on a field naming convention to extract the target table name because the "TableName" fields (i.e. DataTable.TableName in the code) of the "inserted" and "deleted" trigger tables are not being properly populated by SQL Server with the name of the target table (ironically these pseudo-tables contain essentially all the information you could want to know about the target table except its name). The convention involves using the table name as part of the name of the first (key) field. Obviously if your database does not employ such a convention, this trigger routine will be unable to provide the table name in your audit table. We have been informed by Microsoft that in a future release, the table name may be provided somewhere within the trigger context, but this capability will not be present in the initial release of SQL Server 2005.
NOTICE: The original version of this article was first published at in October of 2005.
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Write in Service log Action
After Write in Service log Action completes, some details of its performance are retained in dynamic Variable Wizard values. These dynamic values can be used by any subsequent Action within the same Task as a parameter specifying its operations.
Variable Wizard - Write in Service log Action
Variable Wizard retrieves the following dynamic values from the Write in Service log Action:
Entry textReturns the exact text that was written into the service log file.
Entry typeReturns a value indicating whether the log file entry was categorized as information, warning or error message.
Action completion statusThe value that indicates whether writing the service log file was completed successfully or failed.
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Protect A Child
1 in 10 children are sexually abused before their 18th birthday, and only 10% of those children will ever tell an adult.
It is estimated in Boulder County that 2 new children are sexually abused every day, indicating that abuse is a continued threat to the mental and physical welfare and safety of our children.
Let's work together to keep our community's children safe.


text:
Network for Real Life Superheroes, Warriors, Protectors,
Saviors, to have a place to socialize, network, and also teach and learn from each other.
Bloodstain pattern analysis
|Subject: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:06 am|| |
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is one of several specialties in the field of forensic science. The use of bloodstains as evidence is not new; however, the application of modern science has brought it to a higher level. New technologies, especially advances in DNA analysis, are available for detectives and criminologists to use in solving crimes and apprehending offenders.
The science of bloodstain pattern analysis applies scientific knowledge from other fields to solve practical problems. Bloodstain pattern analysis draws on the scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics. If an analyst follows a scientific process, this applied science can produce strong, solid evidence, making it an effective tool for investigators.
Results of BPA
Not every result of BPA will qualify as incontrovertible evidence, but the following are some things a bloodstain pattern analyst may be able to determine conclusively and state as fact:
A basic understanding of blood spatter analysis allows first responding officers and investigators alike to assist in correctly collecting and preserving bloodstain data at the scene. If they know what they have at the scene, then based on their department policy they should know what they need to do next. Bloodstain pattern analysis requires sufficient education and training to be an effective investigative technique, which not all law enforcement officers attending a crime scene will necessarily have.
- Movement and direction of persons or objects while they were shedding blood.
- Position of persons or objects during bloodshed.
- Movement of persons or objects after bloodshed.
- The mechanism or object used to create a specific pattern.
- The direction a stain was traveling when it was deposited.
- The area of origin of an impact pattern.
- The minimum number of impacts during an incident.
- The sequence of events.
Bloodstain analysts receive specialized training. The foundation course in bloodstain pattern analysis is the Basic Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course. This is taught at many government and private institutions. The course criteria were developed by the International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA) with the following stated purpose:
Beyond this basic course are conferences, seminars, and courses such as the Maths and Physics for BPA and The Advance Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Course, both of which are provided by the Ontario Police College (OPC) and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). These two institutions also have Bloodstain Analyst Understudy programs. The International Association for Identification (IAI) provides its own certification in bloodstain pattern analysis.
A course of instruction designed for investigators, crime scene technicians, forensic technicians, and others involved in criminal and medical-legal investigations and crime scene analysis. The course is intended to develop a fundamental knowledge of the discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis. The course should illustrate to the student basic principals of bloodstain pattern analysis and the practical application of the discipline to actual casework. The course syllabus is not intended to create an "instant" expert.
In addition to formal study of the subject, practical experience and experimentation is paramount in the development of a skilled bloodstain pattern analyst.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:13 am|| |
Bloodstain pattern categories
There are several different thoughts on how to classify and define bloodstain patterns. The following is one accepted way of categorizing them based on the mechanism that created the stain. The three stain groups are: Passive, Projected, and Transfer/Contact. The definitions used below are from the suggested IABPA terminology list:
Passive bloodstains are those stains created by the force of gravity.
- Passive Drops - Bloodstain drop(s) created or formed by the force of gravity acting alone.
- Drip Pattern - A bloodstain pattern which results from blood dripping into blood.
- Flow Pattern - A change in the shape and direction of a bloodstain due to the influence of gravity or movement of the object.
- Pool Pattern - A bloodstain pattern formed when a source of blood is stationary for a period of time.
A projected stain occurs when some form of energy has been transferred to a blood source.
- Low Velocity Impact Spatter (LVIS) - A bloodstain pattern that is caused by a low velocity impact\force to a blood source.
- Medium Velocity Impact Spatter (MVIS) - A bloodstain pattern caused by a medium velocity impact\force to a blood source. A beating typically causes this type of spatter.
- High Velocity Impact Spatter (HVIS) - A bloodstain pattern caused by a high velocity impact/force to a blood source such as that produced by gunshot or high-speed machinery.
- Cast-Off Pattern - A bloodstain pattern created when blood is released or thrown from a blood-bearing object in motion.
- Arterial Spurting (OR Gushing) Pattern - Bloodstain pattern(s) resulting from blood exiting the body under pressure from a breached artery.
- Back Spatter - Blood directed back towards the source of energy or force that caused the spatter.
- Expiratory Blood - Blood that is blown out of the nose, mouth, or a wound as a result of air pressure and/or air flow which is the propelling force.
A transfer or contact stain is produced when an object with blood comes in contact with an object or surface that does not have blood. It may be possible to discern the object that left the blood impression.
As indicated above, there are other terms currently used in BPA and different ways of classifying bloodstain patterns. For example there is a debate over the misnomer of the LVIS, MVIS, and HVIS as it relates to the physical term "velocity". A sub-committee of the SWGSTAIN has been tasked with addressing the terminology issues and develop a taxonomy for bloodstain patterns.
- Wipe Pattern - A bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing and/or altering its appearance.
- Swipe Pattern - The transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface. Direction of travel may be determined by the feathered edge.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:16 am|| |
"Velocity" impact stains
Contrary to what the name states, the terms low-, medium-, and high-velocity impact spatter do not describe the velocity of the blood droplets as they fly through the air. The variation in the "velocity" is meant to describe the amount of energy transferred to a blood source in order to create the stains. Velocity is a speed (m/s) with a direction. Often the terms force and energy are quoted in conjunction with the unit ft/s or m/s which is incorrect. Force is related to velocity and mass (N or 1 kg ·m·s−2). Energy (work) is related to the force exerted on an object (J or N·m or kg·m2·s−2). As indicated above, there has been great debate over these terms and their definitions. Below is one method of differentiating low-, medium-, and high-velocity impact spatter. The term "impact" should not be confused with the mechanism by which the spatter was created. It actually refers to the blood impacting onto an object or area with some degree of force.
Low velocity impact spatter
Low velocity impact spatter (LVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling less than 1.5 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally larger than 8 mm in diameter.
Medium velocity impact spatter
Medium velocity impact spatter (MVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling between 1.5 m/s and 7.5 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally between 1.5 mm and 4 mm in diameter. Mechanisms that could produce this type of pattern include blunt force trauma or cutting/stabbing actions.
High velocity impact spatter
High velocity impact spatter (HVIS) is generally produced when objects traveling greater than 30 m/s come in contact with a blood source. The preponderance of stains is generally smaller than 1.5 mm in diameter. This pattern often has a mist-like appearance. High velocity patterns may be created by gunshots or explosives, but may also be caused by industrial machinery, coughing, or sneezing.
|Subject: Re: Bloodstain pattern analysis Mon Feb 27, 2012 1:21 am|| |
Blood is a tissue that is circulated within the body to assist other parts of the body. This connective tissue has specialized cells that allow it to carry out its complex functions. For a healthy person, approximately 8% of their total weight is blood. For a 70-kg (154-lb.) individual, this equates to 5.6 L (12 US pints).
Blood contains three components suspended within plasma. The three components are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Erythrocytes - also known as red blood cells, are transporters. The role of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen. To do this it produces great quantities of hemoglobin, which gives it the distinct red color. Blood that has passed through the heart and been oxygenated (in the arteries) tends to have a brighter shade of red as opposed to blood that is returning to the


Camlik Steam Train Museum
Camlik is a small village in Selcuk which is known with a Steam Train Museum that was founded in 1991. There are 30 steam trains that are displayed in the museum made in Germany, England, French, the USA, Sweden and Czech Republic. Among them there's an English made locomotive that works with wood and there are only two of them in the world. There are also 4 cranes, water pumps, fuel transportation tank, 1 outdoor and 1 indoor passenger carriage and a repair shop. There is a toilet from 1850 and a tunnel of 900 meter long.
Choose one of the tours below to visit this site:
- Ephesus and Kirazli


text:
The Montessori School of Bowling Green serves Early Childhood through Middle School aged children. It is operated as an independent, nonprofit institution, governed by a Board of Directors comprised of former school parents, current school parents and community members. The student body is drawn from Bowling Green and the surrounding area. The school recruits and admits students of any race, color or ethnic origin and the student body is representative of the community. The school follows all truth-in-advertising laws.
In April 1999, The Montessori School of BG became the first school in Ohio to be accredited by the American Montessori Society and in 2013, completed its re-accreditation which holds the accreditation until 2020.
An Accredited Montessori School has the following characteristics:
- It is devoted to a mission
- It knows itself
- It keeps its promises
- It accepts objective evaluation
- It is recognized
- It is self-correcting
- It is student centered
- It plans its future
- It enjoys the confidence of the professional community
- It creates confidence in families
- It maintains the responsibilities of accreditation
The Montessori School became chartered by Ohio's State Board of Education as a nonpublic school in July 1991. This does not mean that we are a "Charter School." Instead, it means that our complete courses of study for all nine curriculum areas (Art, Health, Language Arts, Mathematics, Music, Physical Education, Reading, Science and Social Studies) meet the requirements, and have been approved by the State of Ohio for grades K-8. These courses of study are revised as needed to remain current. The charter entitles the school to a nominal amount of state funding for the purchase of materials; school age children to free transportation on the city school buses; and the school to participate in various school-related programs in Wood County.
Day Care License
The Montessori School of Bowling Green is legally licensed to operate under the State of Ohio Child Day Care laws. The license and a current inspection report hang outside the school office and the laws and rules are available for your review. The licensing record, including but not limited to compliance forms, health, building and fire department inspections, is available upon request from the Ohio Department of Education. The school is licensed to serve preschoolers and kindergartners at any one time in the early childhood classrooms. It is also licensed to serve preschool, kindergarten and school aged children in the before and after school care programs. The Ohio Department of Education's number is _PHONE_. For further information, see appendix A: Information Required by Ohio Administrative Code.


text:
Modern web applications (single-page applications), smartphones and tablets as well as household appliances and heating systems often communicate via web-based application programming interfaces (APIs) with back-end systems that are responsible for data management. Web applications and back-end systems also often call further APIs. In order to ensure end-to-end security, identities need to be propagated to such APIs in a standardized way (e.g., OAuth / OpenID Connect).
Effective protection of such APIs is achieved by a combination of security measures at different levels:
- Identity and credential management for users, applications and devices
- Adaptive authentication, i.e., authentication that is in line with the sensitivity of content and data, from social login to strong two-factor authentication
- Support of OAuth and OpenID Connect for secure propagation / federation of identities
- Authorization of API calls based on identity attributes (roles, OAuth scopes)
- Content inspection for JSON and XML
Regardless of whether your API is used by business applications, mobile devices (smartphones, tablets) or other devices (Internet of Things), NEVIS provides the modules and functionalities required to protect it. The special strength of NEVIS is the unique combination of web content filtering with identity management and an extremely flexible authentication engine:
- The content filtering engine effectively protects APIs against (D)DoS attacks as well as attacks on content level.
- Nevis identity management enables efficient management of identities, attributes and credentials.
- The authentication engine allows combining OAuth and OpenID Connect with any desired authentication method.


text:
Exhibit 1: Wind Tunnel
Plasma Actuators for Flow Control
Plasma actuators are used for flow control applications in the near-wall region. They consist of two electrodes separated by a nonconducting layer and can easily be applied on arbitrary surfaces. If the electrodes are powered with a high-voltage, a strong electric field is created. This leads to ionization of surrounding air molecules and a weakly charged plasma spreads along the surface. The ionized air molecules collide with neutral ones which are subsequently accelerated.
The resulting force is used for separation control on airfoils as can be seen in the exposition.
This challenging flow-control method is descriptive demonstrated in our exhibition experiment.
Exhibit 2: Surface Cube
To get an impression of a variation of smart interfaces a surface cube with 6 different surfaces is displayed at the Hannover Messe. Structures like the lotus effect, plasma or sinus curves can be experienced visually and haptically.


text:
Why do some people with narcolepsy crave sweet foods?
It all started on the Narcolepsy UK forum; a member was discussing how they craved sweet things on a regular basis and wondered why. The general consensus that came back was that craving sweet things was simply your body craving a stimulant to help it stay awake; but could it really be that simple? Well of course, this being narcolepsy the answer had to be no.
To start at the beginning with orexin, as most things do with narcolepsy. We use the term orexin but it is also known as hypocretin. Two groups were studying rat brains completely independently and within weeks of each other they both discovered the same compound. One group called it orexin, from the Greek meaning appetite while the other group called it hypocretin because it is produced in the hypothalamus and has a slight similarity to secretin. (Secretin is a hormone found in the gut). In the entire brain only between 20,000 and 40,000 neurons produce orexin out of a total of perhaps 100 billion.
Orexin is something called a neurotransmitter, a chemical produced by the body; usually in the brain (but not always for instance 90% of serotonin production occurs in the intestines) that transmits a signal from the end of the neuron to the target cell. This signal tells the cell to do something and with orexin that something was thought to be wake up. However, researchers have discovered there is far more to orexin than that. Over the last four years they have found that orexin has a role to play in the regulation of arousal, appetite, production of brown fat, the ability to process risk, keeping the body at an even temperature and (through stimulation of Substance P) how you experience pain. As researchers review orexin there is little doubt that this small but crucial neurotransmitter will be found to impact on other areas as well.
So we now know that orexin stimulates the appetite, is that why people with narcolepsy crave sweet foods? Well possibly but it isn't the full answer. Orexin increases the appetite and not just the appetite for sweet foods; so while the desire to eat is increased the craving for sweet food isn't. Of course orexin levels are significantly reduced in narcolepsy so if anything the appetite should be suppressed not increased.
In people with normal orexin levels, a hormone called leptin is produced by fat cells and acts as a sort of counter balance to orexin. The more fat cells you have the more leptin is produced and leptin naturally inhibits production of orexin; so leptin is one of the ways that the body tries to control appetite and weight. Leptin is produced even if you have reduced (or no) orexin so once again the more fat you have the less hungry you should feel. Of course with no or little orexin present, leptin will have nothing to react with and so your appetite might not be as well controlled.
However there is another factor produced by the stomach called ghrelin that might hold one of the keys to the simple question asked at the start. Ghrelin is an amino acid hunger stimulating peptide that is activated by the stomach just before you start your meal and it strongly increases the desire to eat. While orexin production is reduced by leptin it is completely the reverse with ghrelin which stimulates orexin production. So is the body, sensing it is short of orexin, increasing ghrelin production in the hope of stimulating the production of orexin? It sounds plausible and could certainly be one of the explanations as to why people with narcolepsy gain weight, but, we just don't know. Many areas of narcolepsy need to be researched and this is just one of them; it's an interesting hypothesis but that is all it is for the moment and it does not answer why people with narcolepsy crave sweet foods.
Which takes us to glucose; the first paper that reported glucose could inhibit orexin production was back in 2006 (Burdakov et al. Tandem-pore K+ channels mediate inhibition of orexin neurons by glucose. Neuron. 2006; 50:711-22.). This showed that high glucose levels reduced orexin production so once again if anything, people with narcolepsy should find that their body steers them away from sweet things and not heads them to it. Then in 2011 a team at Cambridge produced a paper (Venner et al Paradoxical regulation of sugar sensing. Journal of Physiology. 2011; 589: 5701-8) confirming the 2006 results but showing it wasn't that easy. They found that while orexin neurons could be blocked by elevated glucose they could also be increased by hypoglycaemia and that not all energy-related molecules reduced orexin production; pyruvate and lactate, can stop glucose from blocking orexin neurons. Pyruvate is formed in the body from metabolic procesees and is also found in apples, cheese, beer and red wine while lactate is of course found mainly in dairy products.
So, orexin neurons only 'see' glucose changes when the levels of other energy molecules are low, whereas high energy levels can stop glucose from regulating orexin cells. That might be one of the answers as to why sugar is craved in narcolepsy; if you have a high energy uptake, as found in sweet things, it can actually stop the glucose from preventing orexin production.
Glucose sounded interesting and I decided to dig a bit further – in fact back to 1959 where I discovered the first report of a trial with narcoleptic patients and glucose. Schneider and Smith reported (Narcolepsy and Hypoglycaemia. J Ment Sci. 1959; 105: 163-70.) that patients who were given glucose in a drip promptly returned to drowsiness after administration. A very good, but small trial followed in 1994 (Bruck et al. Sleepiness after Glucose in Narcolepsy. Journal of Sleep Research. 1994; 3: 171-79) which again confirmed the Smith paper. The results showed that those with narcolepsy were not made more awake by glucose but felt more tired, went to sleep quicker and 11 out of 12 showed increased REM activity. At the time (and this was 4 years before orexin had been discovered) the findings were discussed in relation to serotonin synthesis, basal sleepiness and possible irregularities in the action of insulin.
Let's also look at hypoglycaemia, which as we have seen can increase orexin production in people without narcolepsy. What is hypoglycaemia? It's a condition that occurs when your blood sugar (glucose) is too low; blood sugar below 3.9 mmol/L is considered low and can harm you. It can occur if your body's sugar is used up too quickly or glucose is released into your bloodstream too slowly or too much insulin is released into the bloodstream. When people - any people - are hypoglycaemic not only can they feel sleepy they can crave carbohydrates such as sugar. I can find no modern paper on hypoglycaemia and narcolepsy, which is surprising but must indicate this is an area that does not interest researchers.
What does all this tell us about why people with narcolepsy often crave sweet things?
We have seen that an increase of glucose, as found in sweet, sugary drinks and snacks could be helpful to people with narcolepsy in getting to sleep; and once asleep improving your REM sleep. If you have found that sweet things help you sleep this could well become part of your night time ritual and then it's difficult to break away from. As it has worked before it almost becomes necessary in a subliminal way to do it again.
If you still have some orexin production going on, which many people with narcolepsy do, needing to eat sweet things could be your body trying to trick the orexin production areas to keep pumping the stuff out even though you are eating.
Then of course, if you have been asleep or resting for several hours and have not taken regular food or drink it could be that your blood sugar is low - you are hypoglycaemic. As this form of hypoglycaemia could again trick your body into producing orexin and every bit of orexin helps, you might even feel better, for a short time, with hypoglycaemia and so you either subliminally or deliberately reduce your food intake. When you then start to "crash" from lack of blood sugar your body craves what it needs – more glucose.
Or of course it could be what we began with; you use sweet things as stimulant to keep awake.
This small report has taken a long time to write and if I had hoped to get some concrete answers at the end of it I should have known better. This is narcolepsy after all! What I have been reminded is how many people there are out in the web, most well meaning, who try to peddle cures for narcolepsy through supplements and diets. I would love to say that some of them work and I do believe that some can help narcolepsy side effects. Several studies have shown that a diet low in carbohydrates/high in protein can help the symptoms of narcolepsy. The use of amino acids as either a supplement or through eating more egg whites and green vegetables also seems to improve the symptoms of narcolepsy. As does eating fruit in general and drinking cherry juice in particular. All of these help but none of them cure, or claim to cure narcolepsy. Perhaps to this short list we


text:
What is Motion Sensors?
Motion Sensors are used to detect movement by way of digital, mechanical or electronic instrumentation and controls. A physical or electronic sensor detects motion either by way of acoustical or optical changes across a field of view. The sensor transmits the information directly to hardware or software to cause further action to take place. An array of movements can be measured and displayed via motion sensors technology. Additionally, the sensing of movement can also be used for triggering responses for a variety of purposes.
What are the benefits of Motion Sensor?
Motion Sensor technology is beneficial for both consumer use and industrial use. In consumer use, motion sensing is commonly used for dispensers (such as paper towels, soap, and sink water). Security, and resulting peace of mind and safety, can be greatly assisted by the use of sensors motion technology. When applied to lighting applications, the concept can also be an energy saver, by preventing unoccupied spaces from being illuminated.
What are the applications for Motion Sensor?
Many applications exist for motion sensor technology, which is also widely known as "motion detection." It is considered a vital component in security systems, for both residential and commercial applications. Bathroom fixtures utilize sensors motion technology as an alternative to faucet knobs. Soap dispensers featuring the concept allow sanitary hands-free use as well. Modern hand dryers in many public restrooms feature sensors motion technology as well.
There are several types of motion sensor detectors: passive infrared sensors, ultrasonic, microwave, and thermographic.


text:
Surrounding Blocks of Code with Language Constructs
The Surround with feature allows you easily put expressions or statements within blocks or language constructs. This feature in WebStorm applies to:
|Custom folding region comments||Any fragment of code, where Surround With is applicable|
To surround a block of code
- Select the desired code fragment.
- Do one of the following:
- On the main menu, choose
- Press Ctrl+Alt+T.
A pop-up window displays the list of enclosing statements according to the context.
- Select the desired surround statement from the list. To do that, use the mouse cursor, up and down arrow keys, or a shortcut key displayed next to each element of the list.
Last modified: 22 May 2015


In 1998, the American Law Institute (ALI) issued the Third Restatement of Torts which contained several changes to product liability. These changes of the Third Restatement do not represent Pennsylvania jurisprudence. Some of these changes are a drastic departure from existing law and do not reflect a consensus of other jurisdictions and is certainly a step in the wrong direction.
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court is currently considering the application of the Restatement (Third) of Torts §2 (1998) in Bogush v. IU North America. The Bogush case involves Edward Bogush who died due to mesothelioma which, of course, was caused by asbestos. At trial, Defendants offered no testimony or argument to the jury that the asbestos products were safe or not defective (frankly, how could they proffer that type of testimony.) To the contrary, Defendants only offered defense expert testimony that the Plaintiff/Decedent's mesothelioma was idiopathic and not caused by asbestos. Plaintiff offered experts to establish that the asbestos products were defective and caused Decedent's fatal condition. The jury awarded Plaintiffs $1.4M.
On appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Bogush, Defendants are arguing for the wholesale rejection of product liability law and the standards of Section 402 (a) which have been uniformly adopted throughout almost every jurisdiction. Instead, Appellants are pushing for the Restatement (Third) of Torts regarding product liability. The Restatement (Third) addresses, among other things, the failure to provide an adequate warning for products. Under the revised Restatement, a product is defective when, at the time of sale or distribution, it has inadequate instructions or warnings when a foreseeable risk of harm that is posed by the product could have been reduced or avoided by reasonable instructions or warnings by the seller or other persons in the chain of distribution. Restatement (Third) of Torts – Product Liability §2 ( c).
The plain meaning of the Restatement (Third) clearly mandates that if there was a foreseeable risk to anyone, all persons in the chain of distribution would bear responsibility. However, in Bogush, Defendants are trying to argue that foreseeable risk means foreseeable to them, only. This is not what the Restatement provides and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court must reject that broad interpretation.
This proposed interpretation and application of §2 of the Restatement (Third) will result in a fundamental shift in Pennsylvania law which is not justified by any change in policy rationale. Pennsylvania product liability law is deeply rooted in the concept that the manufacturer who places a product in the commercial stream is in a better position than the consumer to take steps to reduce the risk of injury from its product or the accept the costs of injuries that result from its product. The axis of product of liability law has always been a cost shifting analysis. Pennsylvania law has long required a manufacturer/seller/distributor to be liable although it may not have been at fault. Of course, Plaintiff was not at fault either since contributory negligence is inapplicable in a product liability action. The roots of strict liability require that if that there is a split between two faultless entities, the party who caused the injury, who designed the product, who manufactured the product, who sold it and who profited from it, should pay for the injuries caused by the defective product.
The Appellants argument in Bogush for an expanded application of §2 of the Restatement (Third) will change strict liability for design defects in warning cases for a broad "foreseeability test." As commentators and Courts have pointed out, a foreseeability test effectively eradicates the distinction between strict liability and negligence. A return to a negligence based system is clearly contrary to the law as it has developed in Pennsylvania since the adoption of §402(a). As the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has long recognized, negligence concepts have no place in strict liability. Azzarello v. Black Brothers Company, 391 A.2d 1020 (Pa. 1978) and this separation of negligence concepts from strict liability actions was reaffirmed recently Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Phillips v. Cricket Lighters, 841 A.2d 1000 (Pa. 2003). Such a division between negligence and strict liability is not a senseless exercise in semantics; rather, it is dictated by the very underpinnings of a strict liability action. The adoption of these broad foreseeability concepts for all parties across the chain of distribution, would inject impermissible negligence concepts that have been routinely rejected by the Pennsylvania Courts. The abandonment of current strict liability law would present a reversion to a society that no longer protects the innocent consumer but rather the responsible manufacturer/ supplier of the defective product. Certainly, the latter is more able to bear the burden in our society. As such, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court must reject the proposed changes of the Third Restatement because a foreseeability test will not protect innocent parties injured by defective products.


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HSE Open Access Research Awards 2015
Today is the day we announce the winners of theWhat is Open Access?
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ awards. This award is to encourage and reward open
access publishing in the health sector in Ireland. Open access to health
information has been proven to increase citation, impact and can lead to the
translation of research into better outcomes for patient care.
Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of high-quality, peer-reviewed research results with the potential to transform the way we communicate and deliver our healthcare service.
Open access publication has been defined separately by three statements known as the "BBB definition" which represents the "Budapest (Feb 2002), Bethesda (June 2003), and Berlin (Oct 2003) statements. Open access means unrestricted access and unrestricted reuse. The definition of an Open Access Publication is
Benefits of OA Research
- Accelerated discovery. With open access, researchers can read and build on the findings of others without restriction.
- Public enrichment. Much scientific and medical research is paid for with public funds. Open access allows taxpayers to see the results of their investment.
- Improved education. Open access means that teachers and their students have access to the latest research findings throughout the world


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Sometimes, expectations can determine outcomes.
In articles on the placebo effect, Wired and the New Yorker tell us that people tend to believe that green pills are best at diminishing anxiety, brand names are better, and medication taken 4 times daily will generate more relief than a twice a day dose.
And then, because of the color, the name, or the dose, what we expect happens because we expect it.
In How We Decide, Jonah Lehrer describes what happens when we presume that a pricier product is better. For one experiment, researchers asked tasters to compare glasses of wine with price labels. Sipping while inside an MRI machine, taste-wise and neurologically, participants reacted more positively to the "expensive" wines–even though the glasses with $5 and $45 were from the same bottle.
The Economic Lesson
In economics, the study of the impact of people's expectations on outcomes is called rational expectations theory. If a retailer says a sale will start next week, customers buy less now and create the retailer's need for a sale. Anticipating inflation, workers seek higher wages and thereby create inflation.
Rational expectations theorists suggest that policy makers recognize that forecasts can become self-fulfilling prophecies.
An Economic Question: In your life, how has an expectation affected an outcome?


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Audubon Insectarium Grand Opening
Geologic period: Modern
Audubon Insectarium grand opening activities
About this image:
Audubon Insectarium showcases the largest group of animals on the planet, insects! Since prehistoric times, insects have played invaluable roles: pollinating crops, decomposing waste and adding intrigue, color, texture and majesty to our world.


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Sales" and "Order quantity" with a filter on node "Asia". as a filter in a query. The following options are available for restricting a hierarchy node: • • • • Setting a filter in the query Limiting the characteristic to one hierarchy node in the row/column definition Limiting a structure element to one hierarchy node Creating a restricted key figure that is limited to one hierarchy node You can use a different hierarchy to present the data in all these cases. In the process.2 Hierarchy Filter Function A node in a hierarchy can be used for selection like a characteristic value. and the "Material hierarchy" is displayed as the presentation hierarchy for the analysis. both the node and the hierarchy can be determined through variables.HIERARCHIES 3. Example: Sales and order quantity for customers in Asia – that is. 10.
BUSINESS INFORMATION WAREHOUSE. he or she only has to choose a version in order to select the correct cost center hierarchy. the cost center hierarchy in both actual and plan versions – for simulation purposes. Alternatively.1 Node Name A node is identified by its name (or by the InfoObject that acts as the node). From the technical perspective. with the corresponding sales figures. and are not added several times. and Mexico are grouped together under NAFTA. Canada. If a node appears several times in a hierarchy. This causes the node to inherit the entire substructure of the original node. the aggregation is corrected accordingly.HIERARCHIES 4 Special Properties of Hierarchies 4. This means the node name must be unique in the hierarchy. The countries USA. you can use two different hierarchy structures with two different names to achieve this. If both nodes appear in the same place in the hierarchy. 4. you can assign one name and use two versions to model the "actual" and "planned" variants. to define a cost center report in which the name of the cost center hierarchy is predefined and a variable is defined for the "version" (parameter variable for InfoObject "0HIER_VERS"). Please note that values from nodes/leaves that are assigned several times are only counted once. when the enduser runs the query. for example. The hierarchy shown above contains an economic structure in addition to the geographical structure. These countries are also assigned to the respective continents.2 Version You sometimes have to analyze a characteristic under different hierarchical structures – for example.3 Time Dependent Hierarchies 11. This enables you. Then. 4. you must set the "link indicator".
Please note that there is no link between the temporal component of the data (document date of the key figure) and the validity interval of a node/leaf within the hierarchy structure. 2000 to December 31.HIERARCHIES Time dependent hierarchies were not taken into account in the information above. The key date of the query (global query properties) and the key date of the hierarchy are completely independent of one another.01.1999 01. #1002 (Greg Hunter): Sales Rep. Until now. the structure of a hierarchy always represented the present status. Hierarchy key date December 31.00 In the hierarchy defined with a "time-specific structure". If you change the hierarchy. To model the historical view. 1999 2. _PHONE_ 0CALDAY 01. and to sales region "Canada" from January 1. 9999. 2000 12. you either have to model the hierarchy time-dependent or create a second version. Hierarchy key date December 31. 1999. 1980 to December 31. then all the key figures are displayed for the modified structure.00 300. Example: The fact table contains two entries for Sales Rep. by moving a leaf to another node.BUSINESS INFORMATION WAREHOUSE.2000 Currency USD USD Revenue 400. 1. Greg Hunter is assigned to sales region "USA" from January 1. The data is evaluated in the hierarchy structure for the requested key date chosen for the hierarchy.01. Sales Rep. for example.
4. If you do not define a key date for a hierarchy. then the execution date of the query applies for the hierarchy. 13. it will be evaluated on the key date that is defined in the query properties (menu item in the Query Builder). Hierarchy key date December 31.HIERARCHIES 3. If no key date has been defined in the query properties. 2000 and filter value for 0CALDAY = January 1. You can also use a variable to determine the key date. The enables the user to choose a key date for query analysis (or have the system determine one automatically). the query definition can include a key date – in addition to the hierarchy name and version – on which the hierarchy will be evaluated.3.BUSINESS INFORMATION WAREHOUSE. 2000 This means if the time characteristic is not restricted.1 Key Date Evaluation When time-specific hierarchies are involved. all the values of a node/leaf in the fact table will be aggregated under the hierarchy structure that is valid as of the selected key date.
and you want to record a history. There is no difference between the two options in the results of the query. which means you can skip levels. time dependency has been implemented in two different ways. which means you can skip levels 14 • Hierarchy applies to the • InfoObject. aggregates can be used for the hierarchy. This type of time dependency is called "time-specific hierarchy structure" in InfoObject maintenance. 1. and can therefore be evaluated for the InfoObject for all InfoCubes Aggregates must be used to achieve high-performance analyses Drill-down path is predefined by the hierarchy structure • The hierarchy can only be evaluated in the InfoCube • • High-performance analyses are possible without using aggregates • • • The drill-down path is not • predefined. if you extract the hierarchy structure from the OLTP system monthly. you can model the time dependency in the hierarchy name. The following aspects can help you decide which data model to use: Hierarchy • • The "as posted" view is not possible Different views of the data – such as version. only the aggregates that are grouped by the characteristic values can be used. the hierarchy name is used to determine a structure. In this variant. When a time-specific hierarchy structure is involved. we recommend modeling the time dependency in the hierarchy name. the structure is evaluated at the query runtime. 2. 4. and can therefore be evaluated for the InfoObject for all InfoCubes Aggregates must be used to achieve high-performance analyses The drill-down path is not predefined. you can also model a hierarchical structure in the dimensions or via the attributes of a characteristic. For example. 5 Aspects of Data Modeling As an alternative to using external hierarchies. Time-specific hierarchy structure Each parent-child relationship has a defined time interval for which this relationship is valid.3. Time-specific hierarchy name The key (identifier) of the hierarchy structure.HIERARCHIES 4. The respectively valid hierarchy structure is determined from the name and the key date. key date – are possible Hierarchy in dimension • Only the "as posted" view is possible Hierarchy via attributes • • The "as posted" view is not possible Different views of the data are not possible. which consists of the name and version. which is then evaluated with the key date.BUSINESS INFORMATION WAREHOUSE.3. You cannot use any aggregates that contain pre-summarized data in the levels.2 Time Dependency: Technical Background For performance reasons. In this case. This type of time dependency is called "time-specific hierarchy name" in InfoObject maintenance. In this case. is extended with the validity interval. only the view that is valid in the characteristic master record on the evaluation date The hierarchical structure is modeled in the master data.3 Recommendation for Using Time-dependent Hierarchies For hierarchy structures that are constant for longer periods of time (such as a month or more).
a hierarchy should not contain more than 100. the reading of data on demand (2) provides much better performance than reading all the data (1). which means only leveled hierarchies are possible Duplicate lesaves are only taken into account "as posted" Reorganization is not possible without reloading the InfoCube • • Duplicate leaves are taken into account wherever they appear The hierarchy can be changed quickly • • • • 6 Performance 6.2 Size of a Hierarchy For performance reasons. A query that contains two or more free characteristics from different dimensions (such as "Customer" and "Product"). For queries about such large hierarchies. When expanding a hierarchy node. the data for the entire – meaning completely expanded – hierarchy is requested for a hierarchy drilldown. new data is read for each navigational step.1 Read Mode for a Query You can set the read mode per query or for all queries in the transaction RSRT (Query Monitor). the children of the node are then respectively read on demand.000 leaves. 6. aggregates should be created a middle level of the hierarchy and the start level of the query should be smaller or the same as this aggregate level. all new navigational states are aggregated and calculated from the data of the main memory. Therefore. which is needed for all possible navigational steps in the query. If the hierarchy grows larger. • Reading on demand when expanding the hierarchy: When reading data on demand (2). free characteristics.HIERARCHIES Hierarchy • Non-leveled hierarchies are possible Hierarchy in dimension • Hierarchy via attributes The different attributes of the dimension correspond to the levels of the hierarchy. the read on demand when expanding the hierarchy method (3) should be set. all of the fact table data. will probably only be efficiently executable in


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The Crayons' Book of Numbers
Think drawing and running away from home is all these crayons are good at? Wrong! (They also love teaching you.) Come and explore numbers with your rainbow-bright friends. Poor Duncan can't catch a break! First, his crayons go on strike. Then they come back home. Now his favorite colours have vanished yet again! Can you count up all the crayons that are missing from his box?
- Engaging first skills based on the acclaimed stories
- Learn all about numbers in a bright, witty story format
- Beautifully illustrated with Oliver Jeffers' bold artwork
- Award-winning, New York Times bestselling series


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Professor Elliot Meyerowitz ForMemRS
Elliot Meyerowitz is an American plant scientist who has pioneered the use of the mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species for plant genetics and development studies. Elliot led the application of cutting-edge technologies to plant research, enabling elucidation of the molecular basis of phenomena such as the formation of flowers.
Originally specialising in developmental genetics of fruit flies, in the 1980s Elliot decided to apply newly invented molecular technologies to plants. Little was known about plant genetics, but by sequencing, cloning and studying genes in Arabidopsis, he established the species as a model organism that is now studied around the world.
Combining live imaging with molecular-tagging technologies, Elliot detailed how flower formation is controlled. He discovered the first plant hormone receptor and identified genes that control cell numbers in the plant growing tip. Elliot's work has provided the fundamental framework around which the field of plant development has been built.
George W. Beadle Professor of Biology, California Institute of Technology
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Interest and expertise
- Biochemistry and molecular cell biology
- Cell biology (incl molecular cell biology)
- Microbiology, immunology and developmental biology
Arabidopsis thaliana, Biomechanics, Computational Morphodynamics, Developmental Genetics


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This website introduces a range of Power Tools – "how-to" ideas that marginalised people and their allies can use to have a greater positive influence on natural resources policy. This website presents:
- 26 power tools based on experience from around the world - Start on the Guide to the Tools page
- Discussion of power tools in theory and practice - See the What is a Power Tool? and the Strengths and Limits of Tools in Practice pages, plus individual tools
- Related research on policy tools in action - Look at Related Research pages
- A directory of the many other websites that contain policy tool resources - Consult Directory of Tools Links page
Rationale and aims
Many people's lives involve the day-to-day management of natural resources. Such intimate interaction creates awareness of the technical, social and political obstacles to good management. Yet many of these people never have the opportunity to contribute to the definition of policies and institutions that govern their use of natural resources. The policy gap between the powerful and marginalised does not just involve the lack of available channels for participatory dialogue. Even when such channels exist, communication may fail due to fundamental differences in perception, expression and power between groups.
The Power Tools initiative set out to develop, test and circulate existing and new tools to bridge some of the key gaps in policy processes and content. These policy tools – tips, tactics and approaches – are designed to provide some practical help to people working to improve the policies and institutions that govern access to and use of natural resources.
The International Institute for Environment and Development together with many partner organisations around the world developed the Power Tools series from experience in working on policies and institutions in natural resource management. The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS) and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation (BMZ) have provided support for the work.