Steps and lists
Steps are also known as procedures or tasks. They answer "How do I?" questions. They have a well-defined structure that describes how to complete a procedure to accomplish a specific goal. The task follows the concept.
What's in a task?
Task information includes:
 - Navigation
 - Screens
 - Interface elements to click or complete to accomplish the task
 - Field/option descriptions
 - Use UICONTROL with bold when referring to interface elements in a task. (See Localization for more.)
Headings for procedures (task headings)
You can design procedural (task) and conceptual information in two ways, depending on scale:
 - For large features, use a parent concept page with child task pages.
 - For small features, use a single page with a concept heading and task subheadings
For a conceptual page with child tasks, use a noun phrase for the conceptual title, then imperative verbs for child tasks.
Experience Cloud audiences (concept page)
 Create an audience (task page)
 Share an audience to Adobe Analytics (task page)
Tips and guidelines for a procedure
Use these guidelines when writing a procedure:
 - Use sentence style capitalization for a task heading.
 - Begin with a verb. However, if necessary, mention the goal ("To") before the action:
 Example: "To run the report, click Run." (This affects Acrolinx Style scores.)
 - Add conceptual information (including prerequisites) before the steps. (Most conceptual information should reside in the overview preceding the task, but some tasks require contextual conceptual information.) If you find yourself adding more than a paragraph of conceptual information before the steps in a task, create a concept heading.
 - Write a step a single command that contains only one sentence. Extra information (step results, images, information about the step) must go on the next line. (See Complex procedures on this page.)
 - Images: Store graphics (screenshots, process graphics) in the Assets folder in the guide, and link to the asset (using Markdown syntax).
Describing the interface
It's important to know the words to use to describe interactions with the interface.
 - Open: Applications and programs. "Open the Segments panel."
 - Close: Applications and programs. "Close the Dimensions window."
 - Leave: Websites and pages. "Leave Report Builder."
 - Go to: "From the File menu," "Go to the File menu," "On the Reports tab" (Go to a tab or place in the UI)
 - Select: Select a value from a list. Select a checkbox.
 - Click: "Click XYZ." Note the following best practices for click:
 - Avoid calling out the control type ("Click the XYZ button") unless knowing the control type is important for clarity. (Control types can change over time during development. The control's name, if visible, is adequate.)
 - Click is device-specific. The trend is to use select if your docs apply to multiple device input types.
See Describing Actions in the UI in the Microsoft® Manual of Style for guidance.
Complex procedures
Complex procedures include multiple steps and perhaps bullets and sub-steps. For multiple-step procedures in numbered lists:
 - Format procedures consistently so customers can find them easily by scanning.
 - Consider using a brief step heading (a "To" heading) to help customers find instructions quickly, especially if there are paragraphs preceding it (between the main task heading and the steps). Use the step heading to tell customers what the instructions help them do.
 Example step headings:
 - To create an Experience Cloud Trigger
 - Create an Experience Cloud Trigger
 This heading should closely mirror the task's main heading.
 - Choose one phrasing style for the headings, and write them all the same way (in parallel structure).
 - Use a separate numbered entry for each step. It's OK to combine short steps that occur in the same place in the UI.
 - Most of the time, include actions that finalize a step, such as OK or Apply buttons.
 - Use complete sentences.
 - Use imperative verb forms. In instructions, customers want explicit commands.
 - Use consistent sentence structures. For example, always use a phrase when you need to tell the customer where to start. The rest of the time, start each sentence with a verb. (Goal before action.)
 - On the Calendar panel, click Today.
 - To specify a date, click Calendar.
 - For Alignment, choose Left.
 - Capitalize the first word in each step.
 - Include only the command in the step. Information about the step goes on a separate, intended line.
 - Use a period after each step.
 - When instructing customers to type input that doesn't include end punctuation, don't use a period. Format the text so that the user input appears on a new line.
 - Limit a procedure to seven steps, and preferably fewer. Try to fit all the steps on the same screen.
Sample complex procedure.
Single-step procedures
If you're using a consistent format for step-by-step instructions, use the same format for single-step instructions, but replace the number with a bullet.
Fields and options
Document the navigation to (and definitions for) interface elements in Task (steps) content types. If you find yourself doing including steps in a concept, overview, FAQ, or anywhere outside of the procedure, the information is in the wrong place.
Use bold UICONTROL for interface elements so that readers can scan for this information. When they find the bold UI element name, everything they need to know about the UI element should be in the definition, or nearby it (in the step).
Sample step with field descriptions:
field descriptions
Lists present complex text in a way that's easy to scan.
Lists work best when they have two to seven items. Each item should be fairly short—the reader should be able to see at least two, and preferably three, list items at a glance. It's OK to have a couple of short paragraphs in a list item, but don't exceed that length too often.
Make items in a list parallel. For example, each item should be a noun or a phrase that starts with a verb.
Bullet lists
Use a bulleted list for things that have something in common but don't need to appear in a particular order.
The database owner can:
Create and delete a database.
Add, delete, or modify a document.
Add, delete, or modify any information in the database.
Numbered (ordered) lists
Use a simple numbered list for sequential items (like a procedure) or prioritized items (like a top ten list). A numbered list differs from a complex procedure (described above), which contains extra information (screens, interface element descriptions, and so on.)
On this page


What is the difference between probation and parole?
Probation and parole are both alternatives to incarceration. However, probation occurs prior to and often instead of jail or prison time, while parole is an early release from prison. In both probation and parole, the party is supervised and expected to follow certain rules and guidelines. These guidelines are called conditions of parole, or probation conditions, and in both circumstances, the party is expected to submit to warrantless searches, without probable cause.
Probation refers to a period of time before a person is actually sent to prison or jail. When defendants receive probation, instead of pronouncing the sentence and sending them straight to prison or jail, the judge gives them an opportunity to show that they want to rehabilitate themselves. In this case, either the party is given probation without a pre-determined sentence, or the judge will find the defendant guilty, and temporarily suspend the sentence while the defendant is on probation. If defendants do everything the judge instructs them to do, then they will not be sent to prison to finish their sentence or given a new sentence based on the probation violation and initial crime.
Conditions of Probation
Even though the person is not in jail, they may be subject to many of the same conditions of serving time in jail including curfew rules, requirements to participate in rehab programs, and monthly or more frequent drug testing by urinalysis. While on probation, a defendant can be ordered to pay a fine, court costs, restitution, and any court appointed attorney fees.
The length of time that a person is on probation can range from one year to up to ten years. Many states will cap the length of time that a person can remain on probation.
Probation is managed by a probation officer. The probation officer monitors a defendant's progress and file reports with the judge, advising them of any failure to abide by probation terms or conditions. If the judge is not happy with a defendant's performance, the judge can order a capias to be issued and require a defendant to be returned to his court for final sentencing. After sentencing, a defendant is ordered to serve actual time in prison. If the defendant had a suspended prison term, he is usually sent straight to prison to serve his time.
Parole refers to the period of time after a defendant is released from prison. A defendant on parole will face many of the same controls or safeguards as probation. Conditions of parole may include requiring a defendant to stay in a halfway house and continuing with payments on fines and other financial obligations.
Instead of a probation officer, a defendant on parole usually reports to a parole officer. The parole officer explains the rules of parole and expectations of a party on parole to the defendant and monitors his progress. As with a regular probation, if a defendant fails to comply with his parole conditions, then the parole officer could file a report with the parole board. The parole board may, based on the defendant's behavior while on parole, order the defendant returned to prison to finish the balance of his sentence.
Probation and Parole Differences
Parole has the additional function of trying to reintegrate a defendant into society. Depending on the nature of a defendant's offense, a defendant's conditions of probation or parole can be amended or changed. For example, if a defendant is convicted of molesting a child, a defendant may be ordered to stay away from parks and playgrounds where children frequent.
Parole changes are not usually the result of a court order. Instead, parole conditions are usually set by the parole board, and they are for all defendants. For example, all defendants are banned from committing new offenses. Changes in conditions or procedures related to those conditions do not come from the original judge, but instead come from the parole officer or parole board. Instead of criminal proceeding, these changes are referred to as administrative proceedings. This is an important distinction, because a defendant is afforded more state and constitutional protections in a criminal case than an administrative hearing.
Consequences of a Parole Violation
Departments that Handle Parole and Probation
A defendant on probation or parole should maintain a good relationship with his probation or parole officer. Some states will divide their functions into separate divisions including the Parole Department and the Probation Department. Other states will combine the functions into one office. In Louisiana, for example, a defendant could be on probation, get revoked, go to prison, get released and potentially have the same person who managed his probation managing his parole. On the other hand, in the state of Texas, the agencies are split and a defendant will have one officer while on probation, and report to a completely different officer for parole.
Protecting Your Rights
Most people are very concerned about having good representation when they are first facing a criminal charge. This is a valid concern. However, most states provide several state and constitutional protections to ensure that a defendant receives due process. Defendants should use as much diligence in procuring good counsel to assist with parole issues as they did with the initial crime. Part of the reason for this is that the constitutional procedures and protections tend to be much lower in parole revocation situations because they are more administrative in nature. When there are less built in protections, a defendant needs external protections the most.


text:
Lighthouse ISP is all about the students
At Lighthouse Education we put your children and our children first. Every dollar is spent on teachers, supplies, administration, guest speakers, athletics and the future growth of the school. Profit is not removed from the school, but continues to be re-invested in the student's education.
Too often schools put profits first, teachers second and students a distant third. The opposite is true at Lighthouse Education. We put students first, it is for our students that we exist and we do not forget that fact. We also ensure that we have a great working environment for teachers, as the well-being of teachers directly affects the life and education of our students.
At Lighthouse, we commit to:
- Emphasize excellence in teaching and learning.
Foster competencies in communication, critical thinking, information literacy, and mathematics in all programs.
- Ensure competency in scholarship, research, and professional communication in all programs where appropriate.
- Promote the synthesis of academic knowledge and a Christian worldview in order that there might be a maturing of spiritual, intellectual, social and physical value-driven behavior.
- Promote an understanding of the Western tradition and the diverse elements of cultural history, especially the importance of the individual in maintaining democratic and free market processes.
- Contribute to a knowledge and understanding of other cultures and of international events.
- Encourage a commitment to the Christian life, one of personal integrity, sensitivity to the needs of others, social responsibility.
Phuket's newest international school.
Globally trusted standards.
Small class sizes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


not given in the final rankings, only their competition numbers. Where possible, I have looked up the names from the published scores of preliminary rounds. I assume that the couple's ID number stays the same throughout the competition. Not all couple numbers appear in the scores of preliminary rounds, perhaps because they reached the final via other rounds in other countries or other competitions. In these cases, the couple name reads "Not Provided" with the year and ID number.
In this report, as well as the official average, I also calculate what I call the "sporting average" as used in most subjectively scored competitions; that is, the average if you ignore the couple's highest and lowest score. Finally I calculate the standard deviation of the scores.
The pages are as follows:
 1. Scores chart - shows the scores given by each judge in the selected year.
 2. Hi/Lo chart - shows the high and low scores averages for each couple.
 3. Ranks chart - shows how far the judges agreed on how to rank the couples.
 4. Scores table - shows how many places each couple moves if you ignore high and low scores in calculating the average.
 5. Ranks table - shows detail of how each judge ranked the couples. If they gave two couples equal scores, those couples get the same rank.
 6. Competition ID - we'll come back to this below.
 7. Notes, basically this information.
 8. A table of all the data, not as it looks in the underlying spreadsheet, but as it looks after Power Query mashes all the years into one data set for calculations. This also shows the average score and the standard deviation calculated over the population as a whole; you can select individual years and judges.
Question 1: agreement between the judges
There is not very much consensus between the judges on either the score or the ranking of any particular couple. They make it difficult for themselves to make fine distinctions by not awarding the full range of marks. Marks are out of ten, but the lowest that appears in any of the clasificatorias (not shown in this data) is 3.75.
I see a floor in the marks for the final; in 2015 the flat lines at 7 stand out in the scatter of scores, as though the judges felt collectively that anything lower would be impolite.
The second-placed couple in 2015 has a high score of 10 and a low score equal to that of the lowest couple. The first-placed couple were not ranked first by any judge. The only couple ranked first by more than one judge was placed 9th. To find the lowest-ranked who were placed top by at least one judge, we have to go down the couple ranked 25th overall. The lowest-ranked couple with a top-three ranking from at least one judge were placed 39th of the 41 couples. Looking at the other years, 2015 does not look atypical. In 2012 and 2013, exactly one of the top five was placed first by more than one judge, and in 2014 two of them were, including the winners.
There seems, looking at the Hi-Lo charts, to be slightly more consensus at the bottom than at the top, but this could be just because of the unofficial floors (which it looks as though not every judge agrees on). When I look at the chart of rankings, rather than scores, I don't see any more agreement at the lower end than the higher end.
In the ranking table, you can de-select a particular judge or combination of judges to see how your favourite couple might have done without them.
On only two occasions from 2012 has any one of the top five couples been placed first by more than one single judge.
On the final page of the report you can look at the standard deviation in the scores awarded by individual judges. Some judges appear in more than one year, sometimes with their names formatted differently, as full names were given in only one year. If a judge has a higher standard deviation, it means they awarded a wider range of marks; presumably, they were more convinced that some couples were better than others. A lower standard deviation means they awarded similar marks to everyone. Unfortunately the judges don't seem to agree on which couples they are, or are not, so convinced about.
Question 2: Sporting Average
Because the marks are, in my view, all over the place anyway, eliminating high and low scores before calculating the average doesn't make a lot of difference to the competition overall. It does make a difference to individual couples: it would have reversed the top 2 in 2015, and the couple placed 30th would have risen 8 places. This is the largest gain in any year, and also occurred in 2014. The largest loss is 12 places in 2012, and there seem to be bigger losses than gains for individual couples generally; someone goes down by a lot and everyone they drop below gains one. This seems consistent with the observed'marking floor'; when a judge disagrees with their peers, they apparently tend to do so by awarding a very high mark rather than by going below the general 'floor' for that year.
Question 3: Is there anything we can observe about the couples that goes with high or low scores?
There isn't, in my view, enough agreement between the judges - or enough good video - to say much about this question.
I noticed is that there was a pattern to the numbers pinned on the couples' suits; there are a lot more lower ones. Closer inspection of the source data shows that this probably has something to do with the geographical origin of the couple and their route to the final. The system of awarding numbers is not covered in the published rules, but it seems the lower numbers are given in Buenos Aires and the higher numbers further afield.
So, taking this as a proxy for where couples came from, I checked to see if it was also related to their scores, and this is shown in the final chart, "Competition ID". Answer: not really.
The line in the same chart shows the average score for each block of 10. There are more couples with lower numbers, so perhaps we'd expect their average score to end up closer to the overall average of all couples than it is; it's rather higher. But those couples are also likely to have had more serious competition in previous rounds, which should also drive their average up compared to everyone else arriving via other routes. There isn't an obvious relationship between couple number and score as such. The foreigners are fine too, there just aren't that many of them.
More precise geographical origin of the couples is at least partially given in the source data, but as it's mostly in the form of tiny flags in graphics it would be a lot more work to get it, which I haven't done.
So, basically, no, there isn't anything I can say about how to do well, based on this data. There's no couple who did so clearly well or so clearly badly that you could watch and learn.
General remarks
In my own opinion, it's rather unrealistic of me to look at the Mundial as though it were a sporting competition. If it were you were really going for an exciting sporting competition, or some sort of mechanism for identifying the best dancers, then you would probably design a rather different event. It might, for example, include challenging tests of the ability to dance well to a variety of music, including milonga and vals, on a floor more than one-third full. There might be more rounds, with the judges taking longer looks at fewer couples in each. Judging criteria would be a matter of public record, rather than rumour. And there would be a system for creating agreement between the judges over time, beyond simply agreeing that scores below 7 were impolite. What it is, rather, is a marketing exercise for the 'Tango Salon' industry, designed to honour the heritage and disseminate awareness of the music and dance, while bringing lots of young couples who dance in a certain popular, standard-ish way, to public attention and prosperity.
If you are choosing a teacher, having reached the final in the Mundial indicates that a couple dance well in a particular style and have good tango technique, at least when dancing with their competition partner - as opposed to the very different sort of technique that is used for "Argentine Tango" on Strictly Come Dancing. It is not evidence that even one judge in the final thought they were the best. They may have been, but the chances are the judges didn't know - or if they thought they knew, they certainly didn't agree - in which case, I definitely don't know, and you don't know, either. Their ranking within the final says very little, if anything at all.
This is, in my opinion, pretty much how it should be. I don't think a true sporting competition in these circumstances would necessarily be a good idea. It didn't do ballroom any good, as a social dance.
In particular, I think it's probably a good thing that the judges don't agree. Standardisation would be toxic.
I do have a couple more questions.
 - Can we seperate the level of disagreement between the judges from the question of whether there is any real difference between the couples that they could possibly measure? I can compare the real data with simulated data based on having and not having a real difference, and the results are amusing, but I think I end up assuming what I set out to prove. It might be more interesting to compare the Campeonato de la Ciudad.
 - Does the order in which the couples are called - in four


text:
The aging process affects reaction time due to a breakdown in the neural processes that occur in the brain. However, the effects brought on by aging generally vary from individual to individual and can be reversed by regularly engaging in physical exercise, states the University of Rochester Medical Center.Continue Reading
Reaction time pertains to the time interval between the start of a perceivable stimulus and the ensuing observable reaction to the impulse, according to the University of Colorado. As a person ages, reaction times normally decrease. This decline has been linked directly to excessive "cross-talk," which is prevalent in the elderly, notes Psych Central.
Cross-talk is controlled by a structure in the brain called the corpus callosum, which blocks signals from one hemisphere during one-sided motor responses. However, this function diminishes with age and the ability of the brain to regulate cross-talk results in reduced reaction times.Learn more about Nerves


should be done to prove this.
When using the commission expense from the tax return be ALERT -- the commission expense might include wages and thus you have an employee vs. independent contractor issue (see section on Employee vs. Independent contractor, below). Separate the wage expense from the actual commission expense. The commission expense can then be used in an algebraic formula to determine retail sales.
Method 3 - Retail Income Formula
Information needed:
 1. Commission expense on tax return
 2. Commission percent paid on retail sales
Commission Expense divided by the Employee Commission percent paid on sales equals Retail Income
There are two items to consider when reconstructing retail sales using this formula:
 1. Consideration for special sales on products (there might not be a 100 percent mark-up) and
 2. Consideration for "walkthrough" traffic where no specific worker receives a commission.
It is worth reiterating that these audit techniques are guides and not absolutes. However, they have been effective in previous examinations. Using the techniques, adjustments have been made to the individual (booth renter) who failed to report his or her commission income. In the situations encountered, Forms 1099 were not issued by the salon owner for the commissions paid. In addition, salon income was also adjusted. The salon had understated retail revenue. The first indication of a potential problem was noted through the COGS percentage comparison.
Example - Retail Income Formula
Information provided:
 1. Commission Expense per Tax Return equals $15,000
 2. Commission Percent equals 15%
 3. COGS equals $53,000
 4. Retail income per tax return equals $105,000
COGS times 2 equals the Potential Retail Income
$53,000 times 2 equals $ 106,000
Retail Income equals the Commission Expense divided by Employee Commission Percent paid or $15,000 divided by 15 percent which equals Retail Revenue of $100,000.
Analysis of Reported Retail Income:
1. There is a percent mark-up on cost. The industry practice is 100 percent mark-up on cost. This mark-up percent is reasonable.
2. The commission expense reported on the tax return indicates retail revenue should be at least $100,000.
Note: Small amounts of skimming are not easily identified. These two formulas were designed to identify large discrepancies.
Rental Income
If all stylists are employees there will be no rental income.
If the salon has all booth rentals, the salon owner is a landlord. Verify the available spacehow many chairs, or "booths" are there, and the number that were occupied. As with any landlord, be suspicious whenever there are unrented booths. This means the business is operating below capacity and costing the landlord money. It is very unlikely the business would have unrented booths.
Appointment Book
The appointment book can be used as a tool in an income probe. Have the salon owner or individual (the individual may be a stylist or some type of worker providing a service) go through a day in the appointment book and explain the scheduling and recording procedure for appointments. Normally, there is a coding system used to designate the type of service scheduled and whether or not the customer kept the appointment. For example, the barber may enter the customer's name for a regular cut, the customer's named may be circled for a style and a "b" may be placed by the customer's name to indicate a beard trim. Each salon has its own scheduling and recording procedures.
It is crucial to ask in the initial interview about the types of services provided (cuts, perms, coloring) and the scheduling procedures (walk-ins, set appointments). Also, ask the salon owner about the salon activity, what percentage of each service is customary for that salon and how much activity is normal. The salon owner may remember busy or slow months. Verify the statements by looking in the appointment book and reconcile the statements to the income reported.
Frank, a barber stated that he worked 5 days a week. Reviewing the appointment book, it was determined that he actually worked 6 days a week. However, consistent with his statement, but inconsistent with the appointment book, he reported only income from the operation of 5 of the 6 days.
Another important examination step is to compare the type of services and the number of appointments to the amount of income reported. The salon should have a list of services and prices. Services provided could include: hair cuts, shampoo/style, perms, hair color, nail services, skin care/facials, make-up hair removal, tanning, massage, etc. Compare the services provided with the standard prices. Use the Service Revenue Formula to calculate the average appointment price. By calculating the average appointment price, that amount can be compared to the standard prices changed in the salon. This technique is not an absolute, but can indicate potential income problems.
In addition to the appointment book, a salon or barbershop may also maintain a daily income summary. This should be tested and compared to the appointment book. In some situations, using only the appointment book, the income reported was very close to the correct income. However, in other situations, income was understated. In one case, it was found that the daily income was understated by about $300 due to numerous walk-in appointments not recorded in the appointment book. In that situation, the barber had, however, recorded the correct income in the daily income summary. The point is that while the appointment book is an important document to review, it may not reflect all services actually rendered. Therefore, it is important to analyze it in conjunction with other available records.
Method 4 - Rental Income Formula
Information needed:
 1. Flat rate of rent
 2. Number of Stations
 3. Rent Revenue per Tax Return
Flat Rent Paid times Number of Stations times 52 Weeks equal the Rental Revenue (adjust for vacancy rate)
Analysis of Rent Revenue Reported
Total Rent Revenue Reported divided by 52 Weeks equal's weekly rental revenues
Weekly rental revenues divided by the number of stations equal the amount reported per station.
Example - Rental Income Formula
Information Needed:
 1. Flat Rate of Rent per Station equals $130
 2. Number of Stations equals 10
 3. Rent Revenue per Tax Return equals $65,000
$130 times 10 times 52 equals $67,600
Total Rent Revenue Reported divided by 52 Weeks equal's weekly rental revenues:
$65,000 divided by 52 equals $1,250 per week rental revenue
Weekly rental revenues divided by the number of stations equal the amount reported per station:
$1,250 divided by 10 equals $125 reported per station
Compare the flat rate of rent per station and the reported rate per station. In this particular example, $130 compared to $125 is reasonable. The objective of this comparison is to identify large discrepancies between the flat rate of rent and the reported rate of rent.
Indirect Methods
The Service does not have unlimited discretion to use an indirect method. An indirect method should be used only when the facts of the individual case warrant its use. For example, when:
 1. The taxpayer has no books and records, or incomplete books and records. Incomplete means not sufficient for the examiner to perform a meaningful audit.
 This issue should be documented in the workpapers. If a taxpayer's books and records are inadequate, the examiner should prepare a detailed inventory of the books provided and why they are inadequate. Failure to produce the appointment book for review will usually constitute incomplete records.
 2. The examiner tests the books and records provided by the taxpayer (for example, with a Cash-T method) and determines that they do not accurately reflect income. While use of the Cash-T method may not always, in itself, be used as evidence of the correct tax liability, it can be used a basis, or justification, for the Service to reconstruct the taxpayer's income using an indirect method.
Identification of likely sources of unreported income is generally necessary for the Service to sustain an indirect method of deficiency. In the case of salons and barbershops, like most cash intensive businesses, the most likely source of unreported cash or other unreported service, retail or rental revenue is the business itself. Courts have upheld the Service in situations in which the taxpayers have likely sources of income and no books and records. Careful documentation of the investigation is essential in sustaining a deficiency in such a case.
Employee VS. Independent Contractor
This section discusses the common law factors and relief under Section 530, State Regulatory Authority, revenue rulings, and court cases.
Common Law Factors
The question of whether an individual is an independent contractor or an employee is determined based upon consideration of the facts and application of the law and regulations in each particular case.
See Professional & Executive Leasing V. Commissioner, 89, T.C. 225, 232 (1987), aff'd 862 F.2d 751 (9th Cir. 1988); Simpson v. Commissioner, 64 T.C. 974m 984 (1975). Guides for determining the existence of that status are found in three substantially similar sections of the Employment Tax Regulations; namely, section 31.3121(d)-1, 31.3306(i)-1, and 31.304(c)-1, relating to the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), and federal income tax withholding, respectively.
In general, it should be noted that section 3121(d) (2) of the Internal Revenue Code requires the application of the common law rules in determining the employeremployee relationship. In determining whether an individual is an


text:
created 2007 · complexity basic · author Fritzophrenic · version 7.0
Many advanced text editors allow the editing of files in a "hex mode," especially useful for editing binary files. Vim provides this capability through the external program xxd, which is included by default in standard distributions of Vim. Unfortunately, using an external program for this task is non-intuitive and error-prone. A user must remember how to run the filter (:%!xxd to convert to hex, :%!xxd -r to convert back), must remember to convert back from hex before saving, cannot convert read-only files without warnings, and more. This tip improves the use of xxd to edit hex files by adding a mapping and command to easily toggle back and forth between hex and non-hex mode, and automating tasks like converting back from the hex-filtered form before saving a file.
Easily enter and leave hex modeEdit
Placing the following code in your vimrc will provide a
:Hexmode ex command to toggle xxd hex mode on or off. It will keep track of what mode you are in, so you don't have to. This ex command is easy to map like this:
nnoremap :Hexmode inoremap :Hexmode vnoremap :Hexmode
Note that is already a defined command, so override it with care (or use a different left hand side to the mapping). See :help CTRL-H, :help i_CTRL-H, :help v_CTRL-H. Also, you may need to use gvim to distinguish between and .
" ex command for toggling hex mode - define mapping if desired command -bar Hexmode call ToggleHex() " helper function to toggle hex mode function ToggleHex() " hex mode should be considered a read-only operation " save values for modified and read-only for restoration later, " and clear the read-only flag for now let l:modified=&mod let l:oldreadonly=&readonly let &readonly=0 let l:oldmodifiable=&modifiable let &modifiable=1 if!exists("b:editHex") ||!b:editHex " save old options let b:oldft=&ft let b:oldbin=&bin " set new options setlocal binary " make sure it overrides any textwidth, etc. let &ft="xxd" " set status let b:editHex=1 " switch to hex editor %!xxd else " restore old options let &ft=b:oldft if!b:oldbin setlocal nobinary endif " set status let b:editHex=0 " return to normal editing %!xxd -r endif " restore values for modified and read only state let &mod=l:modified let &readonly=l:oldreadonly let &modifiable=l:oldmodifiable endfunction
Automatically handle hex modeEdit
It would be nice if the user did not need to remember to convert back from hex before saving changes to a binary file. Also, certain files are almost always binary; it would be nice if Vim would pick up on this and automatically enter an appropriate editing mode. The help files for Vim include the following advice for automating the xxd-style hex editing capabilities for Vim, in order to automate the conversion and automatically enter hex mode for binary files:
" vim -b : edit binary using xxd-format! augroup Binary au! au BufReadPre *.bin let &bin=1 au BufReadPost *.bin if &bin | %!xxd au BufReadPost *.bin set ft=xxd | endif au BufWritePre *.bin if &bin | %!xxd -r au BufWritePre *.bin endif au BufWritePost *.bin if &bin | %!xxd au BufWritePost *.bin set nomod | endif augroup END
There are a few problems with this approach:
- Only files with a.bin extension are opened this way, even if editing a file in binary mode (e.g. with ++bin)
- This sets the binary option for any future documents opened as well. If you use tabe, for example, or if you have Vim set up to open new files in tabs, then any new files opened will open in binary mode.
- If you decide to edit a binary file without the xxd, the BufWrite autocommands will try to convert it with xxd -r anyway.
- Viewing a file in "xxd mode" requires you to modify the file, so read-only files will warn you if you try to do so, even if you make no changes. Buffers with 'nomodifiable' will cause errors.
- If you go back into non-xxd editing, the filetype will still be xxd.
These problems can be fixed as follows:
- Trigger on all files if they are being edited with the binary option. Modify the extension-specific autocmd to set the binary option.
- Use setlocal rather than using the global binary option.
- Maintain a variable for each buffer that tracks whether the file is in "xxd mode". Only restore to non-xxd before writing if this variable says we are in the appropriate mode.
- Temporarily clear the read-only flag whenever you transition between xxd and non-xxd mode, resetting it afterward.
- Store the filetype when entering xxd mode and restore it when leaving.
Below is some code for your vimrc that does all of this, making use of the command we define above:
" autocmds to automatically enter hex mode and handle file writes properly if has("autocmd") " vim -b : edit binary using xxd-format! augroup Binary au! " set binary option for all binary files before reading them au BufReadPre *.bin,*.hex setlocal binary " if on a fresh read the buffer variable is already set, it's wrong au BufReadPost * \ if exists('b:editHex') && b:editHex | \ let b:editHex = 0 | \ endif " convert to hex on startup for binary files automatically au BufReadPost * \ if &binary | Hexmode | endif " When the text is freed, the next time the buffer is made active it will " re-read the text and thus not match the correct mode, we will need to " convert it again if the buffer is again loaded. au BufUnload * \ if getbufvar(expand(""), 'editHex') == 1 | \ call setbufvar(expand(""), 'editHex', 0) | \ endif " before writing a file when editing in hex mode, convert back to non-hex au BufWritePre * \ if exists("b:editHex") && b:editHex && &binary | \ let oldro=&ro | let &ro=0 | \ let oldma=&ma | let &ma=1 | \ silent exe "%!xxd -r" | \ let &ma=oldma | let &ro=oldro | \ unlet oldma | unlet oldro | \ endif " after writing a binary file, if we're in hex mode, restore hex mode au BufWritePost * \ if exists("b:editHex") && b:editHex && &binary | \ let oldro=&ro | let &ro=0 | \ let oldma=&ma | let &ma=1 | \ silent exe "%!xxd" | \ exe "set nomod" | \ let &ma=oldma | let &ro=oldro | \ unlet oldma | unlet oldro | \ endif augroup END endif
This will make Vim automatically invoke hex mode using the command defined earlier whenever a file is opened in binary mode, and will automatically (locally) set binary mode for.bin and.hex files (so.bin and.hex files will automatically open in hex mode always).
You may need to take steps to avoid the "Hit ENTER to continue prompt if you use this tip.
Here are commands to use to launch any file(s) in hex mode in a separate "hex editor" Vim server. Under Windows, you can easily add these commands to your "Send To" menu if you use the full path for gvim.exe in place of "vim". Remove the "-p" and "--remote-tab-silent" option if you do not want the tabbed interface. The -c "set binary" ensures that any tabwidth, wrap, etc. settings are overwritten after the file finishes loading.
- Launch in tabs in a new dedicated Vim hex editor:
vim -p -b -c "set binary" --servername HEXVIM
- Launch in tabs in an existing dedicated Vim hex editor:
vim -b -c "set binary" --servername HEXVIM --remote-tab-silent
- :help hex-editing
- :help :autocmd
- :help internal-variables
- :help edit-binary
script#666 provides similar (and extended) capability, though I have never used it and can't vouch for its usefulness/completeness/correctness.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
An illustrated and annotated checklist of freshwater diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Livingston, Signy and Beak Island (Maritime Antarctic Region)
Faculty of Sciences. Biology
Meise [Belgique] :National Botanic Garden of Belgium
Plant ecology and evolution. - Meise [Belgique], 2010, currens
, p. 431-455
University of Antwerp
Background and aims - Non-marine diatom communities in the Antarctic Region are characterized by a typical species composition, dominated by a large number of Antarctic endemic species. Despite recent advances in our knowledge about the diversity and biogeography of non-marine Antarctic diatoms, the flora of many Antarctic localities is still only poorly known, which can result in incorrect conceptions of species' distributions. The present paper provides a taxonomically consistent illustrated checklist of the diatom flora observed in recent and (sub)fossil non-marine sediments of three islands in the proximity of the northern Antarctic Peninsula, namely; Signy Island (South Orkneys), Livingston Island (South Shetlands) and Beak Island (James Ross Island group). Methods - The diatom flora of 66 samples collected from a wide variety of lakes and localities on the three above-mentioned islands has been studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The biogeographical distribution of the composing taxa has been assessed on the basis of quality-checked distribution data from the recent literature. Key results - One hundred and two diatom taxa, belonging to thirty-four genera, were observed. Pinnularia (twelve taxa), Chamaepinnularia, Luticola, Planothidium, Psammothidium and Stauroneis (seven taxa each), Nitzschia (six taxa), Humidophila and Navicula (five taxa each) proved to be the most species-rich genera. Original morphometric data (including length, width and stria density) and illustrations are presented for all taxa observed. Forty-one species are hitherto only known from the Antarctic region. The exact taxonomic identity of twenty species remains uncertain and requires further study. It is suspected that many of these will also turn out to be restricted to the Antarctic region, suggesting that about half of all taxa observed are probably endemic to the Antarctic. Conclusions - The diatom flora of the three investigated localities comprises a large proportion of typical Antarctic taxa, many of which have only recently been split off from their presumably cosmopolitan relatives.


Friday, April 5, 2013
Flores Giant Rat
Papagomys armandvillei
Living isolated on an island can do funny things to a species. Some animals get smaller, to cope with the lack of resources. However... some actually get much larger (especially creatures that are normally small) because they don't have larger predators to contend with and can thus move into a slightly different ecological niche.
The Flores Giant Rat is and example of island gigantism. Th
ese monstrous rodents can grow 18in long, which is double the maximum size of a Brown Rat!
These Rats, like many of their kind, are very adaptable and can be found living in all types of forests, and at a variety of elevations within the Indoenesian island of Flores. They also have an adaptable diet-- they feed on fruits, leaves, insects, and a wide range of other plants and invertebrates.
Interestingly, for a Rat so large they aren't seen very often by scientists. Actually, most of what we know is from collected skeletal remains. The species is currently listed as Near Threatened, as they are hunted for food by the local human populations and by introduced dogs and cats.
IUCN Status : Near Threatened
Location : Flores, Indonesia
Size : Body length up to 18in (45cm)
Family : Muridae -- Genus : Papagomys -- Species : P. armandvillei
Image : Xenohistorian
1 comment:
 1. I hope they don't go extinct! :(
Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...


text:
DirtMovers - Construction Counting
- App Store Info
DescriptionA great app to teach your little guy how to count from 1 to 10.
DirtMovers – Construction Counting takes the things little boy's love; bulldozers, dump trucks and bucket loaders and creates unique learning opportunities in a fun and creative way.
With five ways to learn counting, DirtMovers has an excavator that announces the number and displays a new pile each time it takes a swipe of dirt. Then there is bulldozer rock push, where you child pushes the desired number of piles of rocks then chooses when to check his answer to see if he is correct. The dump truck fill-up is where your child is instructed to load the dump truck to a desired amount and check the answer to see how they did.
There is construction count along where your child taps a number then watches the screen as that amount of items appears with real voice counting to follow along with. For the more advanced counting fun, there is the count and tap game, where your child is instructed to count the number of dirt movers on the screen and tap the correct answer.
What's New in Version 2.6- Squashed Some Bugs!
- Game Play Improvements.
- iOS 7 Compatibility Updates.


text:
Moving to the Next Phase of How We Work
As states and DC start their phased reopening, AU is planning a phased return of faculty and staff to campus for the spring semester that takes steps to support the university's teaching, research, and service missions in a way that ensures the health and safety of our community members. Although the university will begin phased physical return, the way we work will differ significantly from the pre-COVID-19 period to protect the health and safety of faculty, staff, and students—in terms of where, how, and when we work.
Below you'll find information about what we're doing, community care expectations, and the new COVID-19 accommodations and work adjustments.
- All AU community members and visitors entering our buildings asked to self-monitor for COVID-19 symptoms and possible exposure.
- The level and frequency of cleaning for all buildings will be increased. Cleaning supplies will be available, and faculty and staff are encouraged to clean and disinfect their workspaces throughout the workday.
- Hand sanitizer is provided in AU buildings.
- Posters are displayed with reminders on how to prevent the spread of germs.
- Staff whose physical presence is required on campus will be permitted staggered work shifts to reduce the number of people in the building at one time.
- Group and one-on-one meetings will be held virtually.
- Instructional spaces and common areas will have reduced seating capacity.
- Stay home if you are sick. Go home if you become sick while on campus.
- Promptly contact _EMAIL_ if you have COVID-19 symptoms or diagnosis.
- Maintain physical distancing practices in the workplace.
- Follow cleaning product instructions when cleaning your work areas.
- Wash your hands frequently or use hand sanitizer.
- Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
- Avoid touching your face.
- Wear a face covering in common areas at work.
- Replace handshakes with head nods and waves.
- Avoid using other employees' phones, desks, offices, or other work tools and equipment.
- Follow all policies and practices.
- Be kind. Understand that this is a stressful time for everyone, and an extra bit of kindness right now can go a long way.
- Faculty and Staff may request a COVID-19 accommodation or work adjustment to telework/teach remotely.
- A reasonable accommodation due to a disability/medical condition; or
- A request to work/teach remotely due to age (65 or older) or household member that is immunocompromised.
- This process was made available to faculty on May 28, 2020, so that the fall classes could be planned, and the process will be made available to staff starting June 17, 2020, via an electronic form.
- The requests will be reviewed by HR Employee Relations, and the employee and supervisor will be notified of the outcome of the request.
- If requesting a reasonable accommodation due to a disability or medical condition, employees will be asked to provide medical documentation.
- Any request for a reasonable accommodation due to a disability or medical condition will be kept in the strictest of confidence. Any related information will be maintained in a separate file and will only be available to designated Employee Relations staff in HR.
- Supervisors may be informed of necessary restrictions on work or duties, and any necessary accommodations.


text:
On the Markov chain models for monsoonal rainfall occurrence in different zones of West Bengal
Abstract: The probabilistic distribution of pattern of rainfall during the monsoonal season (June-September) over different regions of West Bengal (India) has been reviewed with the help of Markov chain models of various orders. The analysis is based on relevant data of 25 years (_PHONE_) in the ten meteorological stations spread over the state. The determination of the proper order that best describes the precipitation over the region is carried out using Akaike's Information Criteria. The test clearly indicates that first order Markov chain model is the best /one for rainfall forecasting. It is found that an appropriate period (2-4 days) of occurrence of rainfall phenomenon over the various stations. Moreover, the steady-state probabilities and mean occurrence time of precipitation days and dry days have also been calculated for firstand second-order Markov chain models. The computation reveals that the observed and theoretical values of steady-state probabilities are realistically matched
Markov chain model, Akaike's Information criteria, rainfall probability, Stationary probability, Mean recurrence time, Dry and Wet spell.
Full Text: PDF (downloaded 374 times)
- There are currently no refbacks.


Wednesday, May 16, 2012
DataPower: Flushing Stylesheet Cache.
Summary: Why aren't my changes to the stylesheets being picked up by DataPower? Learn about the stylesheet cache in DataPower and what you should do to refresh the cache.
DataPower appliances maintain a cache of the stylesheets that are being used on the appliance for performance reasons. "Although the cache is configurable, disabling the cache might degrade performance. DataPower caches compiled stylesheets and if the cache is disabled the stylesheets will have to be compiled every time they are used." - [1]
Ever get into a situation where you have made a change on an imported/included stylesheet on DataPower and when the stylesheet was run, you did not see the changes you made being reflected in the results?
The reason is that DataPower fetches all the content from top level stylesheet with any imported and included stylesheets and after compilation stores it in the cache as one single compiled stylesheet. If you make changes to one of the imported/included stylesheets, DataPower does not detect the change and the recompilation and refreshing the same in the cache is not triggered.
In such scenarios, for the changes to be reflected, you could do two things
 1. You could flush the stylesheet cache. One way of doing this would be to use the WebGUI administrative interface. In the GUI select objects/XML Processing/XML Manager. Select the respective xml manager and to the top right corner you should see option called "Flush Stylesheet Cache".
 2. DataPower: Flush Stylesheet Cache
 3. You could introduce an empty line in the top level xslt and save it. This will trigger recompilation of that top level stylesheet effectively recompiling the imported/included stylesheets also.
 "At compile time all imported and included stylesheets are fetched and the complete compiled top level stylesheet is then cached. You can't see the imports and includes but they are all there under the top stylesheet." – [2]
"Disabling the cache can be performance concern and might not be your goal. When style sheets are not cached, an XSLT compilation is run on every single transaction.
If you need to disable stylesheet caching, create a separate XML Manager for the particular service wherestylesheet caching is not required.
Do not disable stylesheet caching for a widely used XML Manager. For example, do not disable caching on the default XML Manager." – [1]


text:
AMD alleges Intel compilers create crash code for its chips
The lawsuit AMD filed against its arch-rival, Intel, alleges that a tweak in Intel's compilers can hinder the performance of code running on AMD processors.
According to the complaint: "Intel has designed its compiler purposely to degrade performance when a program is run on an AMD platform. To achieve this, Intel designed the compiler to compile code along several alternate code paths. Some paths are executed when the program runs on an Intel platform and others are executed when the program is operated on a computer with an AMD microprocessor.
"The choice of code path is determined when the program is started, using a feature known as 'CPUID' which identifies the computer's microprocessor. By design, the code paths were not created equally.
"If the program detects a 'Genuine Intel' microprocessor, it executes a fully optimized code path and operates with the maximum efficiency. However, if the program detects an 'Authentic AMD' microprocessor, it executes a different code path that will degrade the program's performance or cause it to crash."
Of course, how much damage this may have done in the real world is open to question. As one poster on Slashdot, which first noted, there's hardly evidence of code falling over left, right and center on AMD systems.
Equally, would developers creating binaries intended to run on AMD processors use Intel's compilers? You can expect Intel to optimise its compilers' output for the idiosyncrasies of its own CPU architectures, but not to make sure the code runs equally well on a competitors product.
Still, it's a big step from 'not optimising for rival processor architectures' to 'actively making code run more slowly on rival processor architectures', as AMD alleges.
Another Slashdot contributor claims this kind of thing goes back at least to January 2004 and Intel C++ 8.0. The poster claims Intel's assembly code for the memcpy command was clearly designed to be less efficient on non-Intel processors than the company's own chips. Intel developer support, he claims, said the code was optimised for the Pentium 4 and the other code was the simplest implementation for older CPUs, such as the PIII.
"It turns out that their special 'Pentium 4' memcpy, which I tested thoroughly in all kinds of situations, worked perfectly fine on an AMD Athlon and a Pentium III," he concludes and notes his decision to adopt a different compiler as a result.
Again, it's a fine line between generating good code for, say, P4s and lowest-common denominator code for everything else, and creating intentionally bad code for AMD CPUs. Many of the examples cited by Slashdot posters could easily arise from Intel's focus on P4 optimisation rather than making things difficult for AMD. Intel is, after all, under no obligation to ensure the code its compilers generate are optimised for AMD CPUs unless it explicitly says they are so optimised, which we don't believe is the case.
Either way, it's going to make for an interesting trial. ®
EC officials raid Intel offices
Intel 'ditches' high-end 'Centrino 3' chipset
Intel and Dell thrilled to join the dual-core server chip era
Dixons disses AMD claims
AMD wants Intel evidence from 30 firms
AMD Japan sues Intel for $50m damages - and then some


used in obtaining the orientation data.
A local WebSocket service could be set up to relay headset poses to the browser. Some early VR experiments with the browser tried this route, and some tracking devices (most notably Leap Motion) have built their JavaScript SDKs around this concept. Unfortunately, this has proven to be a high-latency route. A key element of a good XR experience is low latency. For head mounted displays, ideally, the movement of your head should result in an update on the device (referred to as "motion-to-photons time") in 20ms or less. The browser's rendering pipeline already makes hitting this goal difficult, and adding more overhead for communication over WebSockets only exaggerates the problem. Additionally, using such a method requires users to install a separate service, likely as a native app, on their machine, eroding away much of the benefit of having access to the hardware via the browser. It also falls down on mobile where there's no clear way for users to install such a service.
The Gamepad API
Some people have suggested that we try to expose XR data through the Gamepad API, which seems like it should provide enough flexibility through an unbounded number of potential axes. While it would be technically possible, there are a few properties of the API that currently make it poorly suited for this use.
There is a related effort to expose motion-sensing controllers through the Gamepad API by adding a pose attribute and some other related properties. Although these additions would make the API more accommodating for headsets, we feel that it's best for developers to have a separation of concerns such that devices exposed by the Gamepad API can be reasonably assumed to be gamepad-like and devices exposed by the WebXR Device API can be reasonably assumed to be headset-like.
These alternatives don't account for presentation
It's important to realize that all of the alternative solutions offer no method of displaying imagery on the headset itself, with the exception of Cardboard-like devices where you can simply render a fullscreen split view. Even so, that doesn't take into account how to communicate the projection or distortion necessary for an accurate image. Without a reliable presentation method the ability to query inputs from a headset becomes far less valuable.
What's the deal with WebVR?
There's understandably some confusion between the WebXR and an API that some browsers have implemented at various points in the past called WebVR. Both handle communication with Virtual Reality hardware, and both have very similar names. So what's the difference between these two APIs?
WebVR was an API developed in the earliest days of the current generation of Virtual Reality hardware/software, starting around the time that the Oculus DK2 was announced. Native VR APIs were still in their formative stages, and the capabilities of commercial devices were still being determined. As such the WebVR API developed around some assumptions that would not hold true long term. For example, the API assumed that applications would always need to render a single left and right eye view of the scene, that the separation between eyes would only ever involve translation and not rotation, and that only one cannonical tracking space was necessary to support. In addition, the API design made forward compatibility with newer device types, like mobile AR, difficult, to the point that it may have necessitated a separate API. WebVR also made some questionable descisions regarding integration with the rest of the web platform, specifically in terms of how it interacted with WebGL and the Gamepad API. Despite this, it worked well enough in the short term that some UAs, especially those shipped specifically for VR devices, decided to ship the API to their users.
In the meantime the group that developed WebVR recognized the issues with the initial API, in part through feedback from developers and standards bodies, and worked towards resolving them. Eventually they recognized that in order to create a more scalable and more ergonomic API they would have to break backwards compatibility with WebVR. This new revision of the API was referred to as WebVR 2.0 for a while, but eventually was officially renamed WebXR in recognition of the fact that the new API would support both VR and AR content. Developement of WebXR has been able to benefit not only from the group's experience with WebVR but also from a more mature landscape of immersive computing devices that now includes multiple commercial headsets, the emergence of both mobile and headset AR, and multiple mature native APIs.
WebXR is intended to completely replace WebVR in the coming years. All browsers that initially shipped WebVR have committed to shipping WebXR in it's place once the API design is finished. In the meanwhile, developers can code against WebXR, relying on the WebXR Polyfill to ensure their code runs in browsers with only WebVR implementations.
Appendix B: Proposed IDL
// Navigator
partial interface Navigator {
 readonly attribute XR xr;
dictionary XRSessionInit {
 sequence requiredFeatures;
 sequence optionalFeatures;
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XR : EventTarget {
 attribute EventHandler ondevicechange;
 Promise isSessionSupported(XRSessionMode mode);
 Promise requestSession(XRSessionMode mode, optional XRSessionInit);
// Session
enum XRSessionMode {
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XRSession : EventTarget {
 readonly attribute XRRenderState renderState;
 attribute EventHandler onblur;
 attribute EventHandler onfocus;
 attribute EventHandler onend;
 void updateRenderState(optional XRRenderStateInit state);
 long requestAnimationFrame(XRFrameRequestCallback callback);
 void cancelAnimationFrame(long handle);
 Promise end();
// Timestamp is passed as part of the callback to make the signature compatible
// with the window's FrameRequestCallback.
callback XRFrameRequestCallback = void (DOMHighResTimeStamp time, XRFrame frame);
dictionary XRRenderStateInit {
 double depthNear;
 double depthFar;
 double inlineVerticalFieldOfView;
 XRWebGLLayer? baseLayer;
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XRRenderState {
 readonly attribute double depthNear;
 readonly attribute double depthFar;
 readonly attribute double? inlineVerticalFieldOfView;
 readonly attribute XRWebGLLayer? baseLayer;
// Frame, Device Pose, and Views
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XRFrame {
 readonly attribute XRSession session;
 XRViewerPose? getViewerPose(XRReferenceSpace referenceSpace);
enum XREye {
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XRView {
 readonly attribute XREye eye;
 readonly attribute Float32Array projectionMatrix;
 readonly attribute XRRigidTransform transform;
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XRViewerPose : XRPose {
 readonly attribute FrozenArray views;
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window] interface XRViewport {
 readonly attribute long x;
 readonly attribute long y;
 readonly attribute long width;
 readonly attribute long height;
// Layers
dictionary XRWebGLLayerInit {
 boolean antialias = true;
 boolean depth = true;
 boolean stencil = false;
 boolean alpha = true;
 boolean ignoreDepthValues = false;
 double framebufferScaleFactor = 1.0;
typedef (WebGLRenderingContext or
 WebGL2RenderingContext) XRWebGLRenderingContext;
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window,
 Constructor(XRSession session,
 XRWebGLRenderingContext context,
 optional XRWebGLLayerInit layerInit)]
interface XRWebGLLayer {
 readonly attribute boolean antialias;
 readonly attribute boolean ignoreDepthValues;
 readonly attribute unsigned long framebufferWidth;
 readonly attribute unsigned long framebufferHeight;
 readonly attribute WebGLFramebuffer framebuffer;
 XRViewport? getViewport(XRView view);
 static double getNativeFramebufferScaleFactor(XRSession session);
// Events
[SecureContext, Exposed=Window, Constructor(DOMString type, XRSessionEventInit eventInitDict)]
interface XRSessionEvent : Event {
 readonly attribute XRSession session;
dictionary XRSessionEventInit : EventInit {
 required XRSession session;
// WebGL
partial dictionary WebGLContextAttributes {
 boolean xrCompatible = false;
partial interface WebGLRenderingContextBase {
 [NewObject] Promise makeXRCompatible();


text:
to that of the pectoral
fins, and the presence of a lower caudal fin lobe. The freshwater sawfish also has a broad and tapered rostrum
equipped with evenly spaced rostral teeth (versus an inter-tooth space between the last two teeth greater than two
times the inter-tooth space of the first two teeth).
- · Coloration
The dorsal surface of the freshwater sawfish is uniform yellowish-grey or brown in color, with yellowish-brown
outer fin margins. Their rostral teeth are typically colored a dirty cream or yellow, contrasting with the darker
hue of the dorsal rostral surface. The ventral surface of the body is colored a dirty cream.
- · Dentition
Freshwater sawfish have very small oral teeth with rounded cusps that are close-set. All oral teeth are functional
at the same time. Upper jaw teeth are arranged in 70 to 72 rows consisting of 115-127 teeth per row, while tooth
rows of the lower jaw number 64-68 consisting of 122-140 teeth per row.
Jaw of Pristis microdon taken from a large mature individual. Photo © Mark Harris.
Oral dentition of Pristis microdon taken from a large mature individual. Photo © Mark Harris.
- · Denticles
The body of the freshwater sawfish is covered with minute, close-set dermal denticles having leaf-shaped crown ridges
and anterior furrows in all developmental stages except in embryos. The crown ridges are less prominent in large
specimens. Denticles are similar on both the dorsal and ventral sides of the body. Denticles do not fully appear
along the lateral edges of the rostrum until after the rostral teeth have fully emerged from the sockets in young
freshwater sawfish. Rostral denticles of this species are similar in shape throughout the length of the rostrum,
although the crown ridges change in morphology from the anterior portion to the posterior portion. These ridges
flatten out gradually from the tip to the rostral base.
- · Size, Age & Growth
This species attains a maximum size of at least 6.0 m (19.7 ft) total length. Larger stated maximum sizes (up to
7.0 m or 23 ft) need confirmation.
Three mature males collected off Durban, Africa measured between 3.75 and 3.92 m (12.3-12.9 ft) and weighed between
180 and 188 kg (397-415 lb). Recently
born freshwater sawfish measure 72-93 cm (28.3-36.6 inches). In a 2004 study of Western Australian freshwater sawfish,
specimens of the first year class measured up to 91.2 cm (35.9 inches), a male specimen of 1.0 m (3.3 ft) was an estimated
two years old, specimens of both sexes measuring 1.6 m (5.2 ft) were an estimated three years old, and specimens of both
sexes measuring between 2.1 m (6.9 ft) and 2.3 m (7.5 ft) were an estimated four to five years of age. During the same
2004 study, a female that measured 2.2 m (7.2 ft) was tagged in the Fitzroy River, and was recaptured approximately five
months later having grown 30 mm (1.2 inches) longer during that time.
In a 1991 study, a mature male taken from Papua New Guinea measuring 3.6 m (11.8 ft) had a calculated age of 44 years,
while an immature male measuring 2.5 m (8.1 ft) was determined to have been 16 years old. These age estimates are markedly
greater than any other age and growth study performed on sawfishes to date, leading one to speculate that the researchers may
have misinterpreted the annual growth rings (termed 'annuli') of the vertebral centra.
- · Food Habits
Despite the freshwater sawfish's interesting mode of food gathering, using its rostrum in a side-to-side
slashing motion to dislodge invertebrates from substrate and to stun schooling fishes, little is known about
the feeding habits of this species. Reported food items of the freshwater sawfish include the marine catfish Arius graeffei, cherabin (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii), shrimp, and small fishes. Additional prey species may include freshwater prawn such as
Macrobrachium australiense, M. rosenbergi, and M. handschii.
- · Reproduction
Freshwater sawfish, like all sharks, skates, and rays, reproduce by means of internal fertilization. This species,
like all rays, utilizes a strategy of embryo nourishment called aplacental yolk sac viviparity. With this
strategy, the embryos are nourished only by their yolk sac, which provides energy for them to develop into
fully functional young sawfish in utero. The embryos are nourished by yolk stored in a yolk sac, connected to
the embryo by a yolk stalk and both of these structures are fully absorbed before the young sawfish are born.
The minimum age at maturity is not known for the freshwater sawfish, but preliminary evidence suggests that it
may take as many as 20 years before an individual can reproduce. Size at maturity for female freshwater sawfish
is about 3.0 m (10 ft) in total length. Males of this species mature at about 2.5 m (8.2 ft) or less. The
gestation period of the freshwater sawfish is probably about five months, based on the closely related largetooth
sawfish of the western Atlantic Ocean. Freshwater sawfish are capable of giving birth in freshwater conditions
far up rivers and in contiguous lakes. Parturition is thought to occur late in the wet season (December-March)
in the Gulf of Carpentaria (Australia). A reported litter size of four young has been reported, but litter size
may range up to ten or more young. The sex ratio of the young has not been recorded. Recently born freshwater
sawfish measure 72-93 cm (28.3-36.6 inches), and are probably born tail-first. The saw teeth of young sawfish
do not fully erupt, and are also covered in a sheath of tissue, until after birth so as not to injure the mother.
Young freshwater sawfish rostral teeth reach their full size proportionate to the size of the rostrum soon after
birth. The reproductive cycle of the freshwater sawfish is still not documented, but the closely related
largetooth sawfish has been reported to produce litters every other year.
- · Predators
Although adult freshwater sawfish have little or no natural enemies, smaller individuals may fall prey to
sharks, and to saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus). The remains of this species
have been found in the stomach of a bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) in the Fitzroy River (Western Australia).
When entangled in nets, this species becomes particularly vulnerable to predation.
- · Parasites
The parasites Nonacotyle pristis and Pristonchocotyle papuensis (Hexabothriidae) were first described inhabiting
the gills of a freshwater sawfish collected in Papua New Guinea. Another parasite of the freshwater sawfish
is the copepod Ergasilus sp. (Ergasilidae), also found on the gills of the freshwater sawfish inhabiting the
Daly River (Australia). This copepod species also inhabits the barramundi (Lates calcarifer), which may be
its primary host. The newly described parasite species Neoheterocotyle darwinensis n. sp. is known to inhabit
the gills of dwarf sawfish near Darwin, Australia, and this species may also use the freshwater sawfish as its
host. Other species likely to use the freshwater sawfish as a host include monogenean helminths such as
Erpocotyle caribbensis and Pristonchocotyle intermedia, both inhabiting the gills of largetooth sawfish in
Central America, and the cestode helminths Phyllobothrium pristis and Anthobothrium pristis, both inhabiting
the spiral valve of largetooth sawfish in Central America. Other likely parasites include nematodes,
protozoans, and trematodes. Likely areas of parasite inhabitation include the skin, gills, and digestive tract.
The effects of these parasites on the freshwater sawfish are unknown.
Importance to Humans
Landings of the freshwater sawfish are usually accidental, as they are caught in various commercial and local gillnet,
trawl, and hook and line fisheries targeting other species. Like all sawfishes, freshwater sawfish can be utilized
as meat for human consumption, their fins sold into the Asian'shark fin' market, their livers processed for oil,
and their skins can made into leather. In addition, the eggs, liver oil, and bile of sawfishes can be used in
Chinese traditional medicine. Also, like all other sawfishes, their rostra may be used in traditional medicine,
as religious offerings, and sold as curios. There is little or no indication of utilization of this species as
food anywhere in its range. Freshwater saw


text:
Published on January 11, 2008
The Effects of Nuclear Weapons: Terrorist Threat: The Effects of Nuclear Weapons: Terrorist Threat Purpose: Purpose The purpose of this presentation is to provide the reader with an overview of nuclear weapons and their effects. Topics will include: Types of weapons Energy release Types of Detonation Historical Information Effects Nuclear Weapons vs Radioactive Dispersal Device (RDD or Dirty Bomb): Nuclear Weapons vs Radioactive Dispersal Device (RDD or Dirty Bomb) Nuclear weapons Use conventional explosives to create super-critical mass of fissionable nuclear material Super-critical mass is capable of self-sustaining, prompt, uncontrolled chain reaction Resultant explosive yield can be orders of magnitude higher than possible with conventional materials RDD Use conventional explosives to spread or disperse radioactive material No chain reaction or nuclear yield In most cases the explosion will cause more damage than the radioactive material dispersion Remaining discussion: Remaining discussion The remainder of this presentation describes nuclear weapons For further information on RDD weapons see: _URL_ _URL_ Nuclear Weapons Types: Nuclear Weapons Types Fission devices Uranium (235U) or Plutonium (239Pu) Gun Type Explosively combine two sub-critical assemblies Implosion Type Symmetrically implode a sphere of sub-critical density Required for 239Pu Terrorist Threat Stolen military device Improvised Nuclear Device (IND), i.e. "home made" 235U Gun-type Weapon easiest to construct Likely 20 kT or less Nuclear Weapons Types, con't.: Nuclear Weapons Types, con't. Thermonuclear (Fusion) devices Unlikely to be a terrorist device Military application High-technology Energy Equivalents of one Kiloton of TNT: Energy Equivalents of one Kiloton of TNT Complete burn-up (fission) of 56 g (~2 ounces) of 235U or 239Pu 1.15 x 106 kilowatt-hours 1.8 x 109 British thermal units 14,500 Gallons of Gasoline 4/5 the energy produced by the Hoover Dam in 1 hour Types of Detonations from a Terrorist Threat: Types of Detonations from a Terrorist Threat Most likely Surface: Truck Underwater: Boat Less likely Air: Private plane Sub-surface: Subway Least likely High Altitude: Military Delivery Only Distribution of Energy of an Air Burst below 100,000 ft: Distribution of Energy of an Air Burst below 100,000 ft Blast and Thermal account for 85% of the Energy released Nuclear Weapon Experience Two non-testing detonations: Nuclear Weapon Experience Two non-testing detonations Hiroshima Little Boy 235U Gun-Type Device Nagasaki Fat Man 239Pu Implosion Device Results of a Nuclear Explosion: Results of a Nuclear Explosion 80,000 deaths in Hiroshima and 20,000 deaths in Nagasaki Nearly all deaths due to Blast and Thermal Few deaths attributed to Radiation Prompt or Delayed Results of a Nuclear Explosion: Results of a Nuclear Explosion Expect few, if any, survivors near ground-zero However, little experience in "urban" environment Buildings will provide shielding Blast Thermal Radiation Residual radioactive environment, significant impact on rescue operations Slide13: Hiroshima Before Hiroshima After Weapon Effects: Weapon Effects Prompt effects higher with airburst Blast Thermal Prompt Radiation Prompt effects 30-50% reduced with surface burst Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Primarily results from a high-altitude explosion Not a likely effect from a terrorist detonation Residual effects higher with surface burst Residual Radioactivity (Fallout) Weapon Effects(Based on a 20 kt low-altitude Airblast): Weapon Effects (Based on a 20 kt low-altitude Airblast) Peak shock wave overpressure ~14 psi @ ¼ mile Thermal energy ~18 cal/cm2 @ 1 mile Prompt radiation dose Neutron ~ 0.8 Gy @ 1 mile g-ray ~ 1.2 Gy @ 1 mile Residual Radiation (Fallout): Residual Radiation (Fallout) Difficult to predict impact to a specific area Depends on: Type of weapon Type of burst Air Surface Wind patterns Terrain Little data for an "Urban" Environment Fallout, con't.: Fallout, con't. Decay rate: t can be any time unit Average photon energy ~0.7 MeV Summary: Summary A terrorist use of a nuclear weapon would most likely involve: 235U Gun-type device Surface detonation Yield of 20 kt or less The major injuries and effects would be caused by: Blast and shock Thermal Rescue efforts pertain mostly to injuries distant from ground zero Radiation protection necessary for rescue of shielded survivors nearer ground zero Little experience with explosion in an "Urban" environment References: References Glasstone and Dolan, "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons," Published by US DoD and Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington DC, 1977. Ferguson and Potter, "The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism," Monterey Institute – Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey, CA, 2004. Auxier J, "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons," Health Physics Summer School, Gaithersburg, MD, July 2004. Public Protection from Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Terrorism, Ed. by Brodsky, Johnson and Goans, Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI, 2004.


text:
Definition of Dysphonia, spasmodic
Dysphonia, spasmodic: A disorder that involves the muscles of the throat that control speech. Spasmodic dysphonia causes strained and difficult speaking or breathy and effortful speech. Also known as spastic dysphonia and laryngeal dystonia.
Last Editorial Review: 3/19/2012
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
Need help identifying pills and medications?
Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox FREE!


Love Poems
American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin is the title of a poetry collection, the title of each sonnet that appears in the collection, a political statement and a riddle. What is an American sonnet and who is the assassin, Terrance Hayes asks. And why would anyone want to write their assassin a love poem?
American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin by Terrance Hayes
I lock you in an American sonnet that is part prison,
Grinder to separate the song of the bird from the bone.
I lock your persona in a dream-inducing sleeper hold
While your better selves watch from the bleachers.
I make you both gym & crow here.
Terrance Hayes, American Sonnets for My Past and Future Assassin (Penguin RandomHouse 2018)
Ye Olde Sonnet
The sonnet originated in Italy during the 13th century. The little song was popularized by Petrarch before being co-opted by Shakespeare in the 17th century. For those of us who were educated in the Anglophone world, you may have traumatic memories of parsing the Shakespearean sonnet.
A sonnet is typically a love poem, an ode, praises in verse to that special someone or something. The form requirements are rigid: 14 lines in iambic pentameter (da-DUM, da-DUM, da-DUM) with a repeating rhyme scheme (say, ABAB CDCD EFEF GG). It sounds like something an old dead white guy would write. So why does a hip and happening Black man like Hayes choose to write inside such a tight fitting box?
Every sonnet consists of a proposition and a resolution. The first part is a proposition that poses a question or problem. Between proposition and resolution, we find the volta or sudden turn, a new argument that can change our perspective.
Voltas of acoustics, instinct & metaphor. It is not enough
To love you. It is not enough to want you destroyed.
From: I lock you in an American sonnet
An American sonnet
According to Hayes, the volta is what makes a sonnet implicitly American: the ability to change your mind, the willingness to change your course. The subject matter of his poems is, of course, largely rooted in the American experience. They were written in direct response to the election of Donald Trump as the US president in 2016. Is he the titular Assassin?
On some level, I'm always full of Girl Scout cookies
In the land of a failed landlord with a people of color
If every sonnet were addressed to the current resident of the White House, Hayes' collection would be little more than a rant. But this collection is far more complex than that. Hayes speaks, among many other topics, about being Black in America today.
It feels sadder when a black person says Nigga
Because it sounds like Nigger. It feels sadder
When a brother or sister says Nigga because
It sounds like Nigger. I have never heard either
Word in the mouth of my mother or father.
This wouldn't be a proper sonnet collection if Hayes had not included some true love poems. To the women in his life, old and young, real and imagined.
A brother versed in ideological & material swagger
Seeks dime ass trill bitch starved enough to hang
Doo-ragged in smoke she can smell & therefore inhale
And therefore feel.
Hayes sings of his heroes: Maxine Waters, James Baldwin, Jimi Hendrix, Aretha Franklin, Thelonius Monk and Miles Davis. And to his antiheroes, too.
I pour a pinch of serious poison for you
James Earl Ray Dylann Roof I pour a punch of piss
For you George Zimmerman John Wilkes Booth
Robert Chambliss Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr
Bobby Frank Cheer Herman Frank Cash your name
Is a gate opening upon another gate I pour a punch
Of perils I pour a bunch of punches all over you
I pour unmerciful panic into your river I damn you
With the opposite of prayer
This is a sonnet written for the 21st century. Rather than iambic pentameter, listen for a jazz bass line. Look for the rhymes flying free from the ends of lines. Take these words into your mouth and roll them around like cool marbles. Now, sing.
2 Nov 2020 | Karen Kao


text: Ti2AlC/Al2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized by high energy milling with Ti, C, Al and TiO2 as initial materials. The formation and evolution of phases in high energy milling and following heat treatment were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the raw materials of Ti, C, Al and TiO2 were pulverized to ultrafine particles, and some of them transformed to amorphous phase. When the as-milled powders were heat treated in vacuum atmosphere, TiC was firstly produced and released large amount of reactive heat, which resulted in the reaction between Ti and Al to produce intermediate phases of the TixAly (TiAl3, TiAl, and Ti3Al) intermetallics. The reaction between Al and TiO2 produced Al2O3 phase. The TixAly intermetallics and the residual Ti and Al transformed to TiAl equilibrium phase. Finally, the TiAl intermetallics and the TiC reacted to yield Ti2AlC, which produced Ti2AlC/Al2O3 nanocomposite together with the former in-situ formed Al2O3.


The Pleasure of Friction
Miriam Rasch (Speaker)
Activity: Talk or presentationInvited talkIn the webinar 'The Pleasure of Friction' Miriam Rasch poses the question how we can resist an increasingly 'frictionless' society, filled with smart devices, communicative automation, and ubiquitous surveillance. Moreover, is it possible to do so in a joyful way? If we want to change something in our dealings with technology, it will help if the alternatives have something pleasurable to offer. What can we learn from writers and philosophers from the past and present about maintaining a positive outlook on friction?
Period24 Sep 2020
Event titleFuture Based
Event typeConference
Degree of RecognitionInternational


What Does The Name Erasmus Mean?
1 Answers
Yooti Bhansali Profile
Yooti Bhansali answered
The name 'Erasmus' is a name for a male originating from the Greek word 'erasmios' which means 'beloved'.
Saint Erasmus was a martyr from the third century who is regarded as the patron saint by sailors.
Erasmus was also the name of a Dutch scholar, humanist and theologian who was prominent during the Renaissance period. His writing was in pure Latin form. Although he was a Roman Catholic all his life, he was a stern critic of what he regarded as the excesses of the Roman Catholic Church. He made new Latin as well as Greek editions of the New Testament.
Martin Luther's movement started in the year after the New Testament was published and greatly tested the strength of Erasmus's character. Erasmus admired Luther, but was averse to partisanship. His hesitation to support Luther led Luther that Erasmus was a coward or purposeless.
Answer Question


text:
Various structural styles have been utilized throughout the years. Regardless of whether it is the cutting edge or customary outlines, they are composed with the aim of giving an extraordinary and appealing look while likewise conveying the required usefulness. For the cutting edge modeler it is significantly less demanding to grandstand a plan with the utilization of the most recent programming which can show the potential working in 3D shape.
Here are four of the well known design styles:
The Adirondack style of design is refreshing for its rural complete in timber. The vast majority of the structures that influence utilization of this style to incorporate boat storages, rural kitchens, log lodges, or comparable. It is a style that was made by William Durant and has been being used since the 1800's. The aim of this style was to give a development technique that was low in upkeep and low in cost. Notwithstanding the structures in this outline, the Adirondack style is winding up more mainstream with different household items, including tables and seats.
The workmanship deco was a rich style of engineering and was famous all through the period 1925 to 1939. The vast majority of the structures in this style depended on streamlined structures, geometric shapes, and smooth lines. Furthermore, the structures can be finished with brilliant and showy hues. Craftsmanship deco was viewed as a lavish and present day style that was regularly utilized as a part of the development of prepare stations and the insides of silver screens. Different utilizations for the craftsmanship deco style incorporate mold, adornments, furniture, and materials.
The cutting edge style of engineering depends on building the structures that incorporate insignificant ornamentation and by and large straightforward in outline. Any homes fabricated utilizing this style are perfect and utilitarian yet free of messiness. The general state of a property is boxlike and has an accentuation on vertical and even lines, and in addition rectangular structures. In addition, the development materials depend on present day materials and frameworks and incorporate a great deal of solid squares, uncovered steel, and open spaces.
The gothic style of design was most prevalent all through the late medieval period. The qualities most saw with this style included huge individual windows, vaulted roofs, pointed curves, foreboding figures and ostentatious outlines. This new style of outline in its day could help motivate the more novel look of houses of prayer, holy places, and châteaux. The gothic style made it conceivable to assemble structures that were light, wonderful, and breezy. Likewise, the style of gothic design shifts crosswise over various nations.


text:
What say you all to this?
Earth must prepare for close encounter with aliens, say scientistsUN should co-ordinate plans for dealing with extraterrestrials – and we can't guarantee that aliens will be friendly
An alien from Mars Attacks! Evolution on alien worlds is likely to be Darwinian, which may mean extraterrestrials share our tendencies for violence and exploitation. Photograph: Rex
World governments should prepare a co-ordinated action plan in case Earth is contacted by aliens, according to scientists.
Scientists argue that a branch of the UN must be given responsibility for "supra-Earth affairs" and formulate a plan for how to deal with extraterrestrials, should they appear.
The comments are part of an extraterrestrial-themed edition of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A published today. In it, scientists examine all aspects of the search for extraterrestrial life, from astronomy and biology to the political and religious fallout that would result from alien contact.
"Will a suitable process based on expert advice from proper and responsible scientists arise at all, or will interests of power and opportunism more probably set the scene?" asked Professor John Zarnecki of the Open University and Dr Martin Dominik of the University of St Andrews in the introductory paper. "A lack of co-ordination can be avoided by creating an overarching framework in a truly global effort governed by an international politically legitimated body." The pair argue that the UN has a ready-made mechanism for such a forum in its Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (Copuos).
Member states of Copuos should put "supra-Earth affairs" on their agenda, say the scientists, and establish structures similar to those proposed for dealing with threats from near-Earth objects, such as asteroids, that might be on a collision course with our planet.
According to Simon Conway Morris, a professor of evolutionary palaeobiology at Cambridge University, anyone planning for alien contact should prepare for the worst.
Evolution on alien worlds, he said, is likely to be Darwinian in nature. Morris argues that life anywhere else in the universe will therefore probably have important similarities with life on Earth – especially if it comes from Earth-like worlds that have similar biological molecules to ours. That means ET might resemble us, warts and all, with our tendencies towards violence and exploitation.
"Why should we 'prepare for the worst'? First, if intelligent aliens exist, they will look just like us, and given our far from glorious history, this should give us pause for thought," wrote Morris in the journal's special issue.
Ted Peters, a professor of systematic theology at the Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary in California, considered what might happen to the world's religions in the event of ET making contact. Conventional wisdom suggests that terrestrial religion would collapse if the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) were confirmed, he wrote.
"Because our religious traditions formulated their key beliefs within an ancient world view now out of date, would shocking new knowledge dislodge our pre-modern dogmas? Are religious believers Earth-centric, so that contact with ET would de-centre and marginalise our sense of self-importance? Do our traditional religions rank us human beings on top of life's hierarchy, so if we meet ETI who are smarter than us will we lose our superior rank? If we are created in God's image, as the biblical traditions teach, will we have to share that divine image with our new neighbours?"
His conclusion, however, is that faith in Earth's major religions would survive intact. "Theologians will not find themselves out of a job. In fact, theologians might relish the new challenges to reformulate classical religious commitments in light of the new and wider vision of God's creation."
"Traditional theologians must then become astrotheologians... What I forecast is this: contact with extraterrestrial intelligence will expand the existing religious vision that all of creation – including the 13.7bn-year history of the universe replete with all of God's creatures – is the gift of a loving and gracious God," he speculated.http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/jan/10/earth-close-encounter-aliens-extraterrestrials


text:
Eighth Grade Social Studies Test Worksheet Lesson Planet 8th Georgia Worksheets
Eighth Grade Social Studies Test Worksheet Lesson Planet 8th Georgia Worksheets.
Page chart--key issues leading to the civil war. The studies digital textbook is a free resource aligned to the standards for grade social studies. it contains units of study along with support materials. click here to watch a brief tutorial on the features and functions of the student edition of the studies digital textbook.
Social studies. esl-. select by standards. kindergarten k. st grade. grade. rd grade. grade. grade. grade. grade. grade. standards of excellence grade math activities. printable eighth grade math worksheets and study guides. create and print your own math worksheets.
Ga studies - present in eighth grade, students study history, geography, government, civics, and economics due to the four strands being interwoven, ample opportunity is provided for in-depth study of the geography of and the government of. Georgia studies teacher notes for the standards of excellence in social studies department of education.
Fun fourth grade math worksheets social studies regions compound subject predicate wildflower girl free games year 2 printable clocks teaching time business questions 8th georgia. Incredible grade social studies worksheets 8th georgia. Grade studies statements peanuts peaches 8th georgia worksheets. Grade studies standards class display posters 8th georgia worksheets. Grade social studies worksheets teaching resources 8th georgia. Integer numbers symbol grade social studies worksheets common core phonics romeo answers 5 decimal form numeracy activities math trainer addition 8th georgia. Number summary latitude longitude printable worksheets consumer math grade addition regrouping solving equations website algebra 1 fun division sums remainders 8th georgia studies.


text:
My four-year-old is in love with books and is always asking someone to read her a story. One of her other favorite activities is using her older brothers collection of LEGO bricks to build houses and castles for her dolls. Because of her love of books and LEGOs, I was pretty sure she would love the new LEGO DUPLO Read & Build sets.
I knew I was right when she caught me taking a picture of the set and she exclaimed, "Ohhh! Can I play with those?" She was pretty excited when I told her that the new set was just for her.
These fun sets include a book and the LEGO DUPLO blocks to build the characters from the story. As you read the story, there are easy to follow instructions that allow your pre-schooler to build the characters that you are reading about. There are also questions that not only help them interact with the book, but allow them to act it out with the DUPLO characters they have just created.
Not only does the addition of the blocks make reading the story fun, but asking pre-school aged kids questions about the story and allowing them to engage with the book is a great way to promote reading readiness. I always try to ask questions about the stories I read to my kids. It is a skill I picked up in my elementary education classes. These books make that even easier because the questions are built right into the story.
Not only will these books help prepare pre-school age kids for reading, they are also great for practicing color and shape recognition as the children locate the required bricks for character building. Not to mention that they are learning to follow printed visual instructions and are getting practice problem solving as well. All of these skills are what make LEGO sets some of my favorite toys for children of any age and these LEGO DUPLO Read & Build sets are the perfect skill level for Miss Ruby.
Reading the book once wasn't enough, so we read the story together twice as she followed along building the characters and acting out the rolls they played. And when story time was over, there was still plenty of fun to be had with her new farm animal friends.
Do you have a preschooler that would love a LEGO DUPLO Read & Build set? Tell me how you think the new Read & Build sets will help your child learn to read and you will be entered for the chance to win a $100 LEGO Gift Card!
Visit LEGO.com to see other Read & Build sets and order online. Check out BlogHer.com to find other reviews and more ways you can enter to win.
Sweepstakes Rules:No duplicate comments.
You may receive (2) total entries by selecting from the following entry methods: a) Leave a comment in response to the sweepstakes prompt on this post
b) Tweet about this promotion and leave the URL to that tweet in a comment on this post
c) Blog about this promotion and leave the URL to that post in a comment on this post
d) For those with no Twitter or blog, read the official rules to learn about an alternate form of entry.
This giveaway is open to US Residents age 18 or older. Winners will be selected via random draw, and will be notified by e-mail. You have 72 hours to get back to me, otherwise a new winner will be selected.
The Official Rules are available here.
This sweepstakes runs from 7/11 – 8/19/12.


From A to B to C
Installation commissioned for the 26th Brno Biennial. Wall drawing with chalk on black board paint, three wooden dices.
From nature studies and academic manuals to the concept of the child as artist, and the many translations of the line during the Bauhaus, drawing has played a very important role in the exploration and development of new educational models.
From A to B to C borrows its structure from When Form Has Become Attitude – And Beyond, a text by professor Thierry de Duve. Using the ABC as a catalyst to generate a cartographical line-scape, the exhibition tries to illustrate three educational paradigms – A the Academy, B the Bauhaus, and C the Contemporary – by placing them in a spatial dialogue.
As if taken from Pestalozzi's Table of Unit, the square gradually and proportionally divides itself into smaller units, forming a visible grid that will constitutes the frame of the exhibition. From the larger to the smaller unit, the generated net serves as a support for historical references and examples, which will become the main elements of a playful narrative. With its walls turned into blackboards, the 4th floor of the Pražák Palace from the Moravian Gallery gets transformed into an imaginary classroom, space for observation, experimentation and speculation. The installation was activated and became the stage for a series of workshops.


text:
Geopotential Height - 500 mb Height Current
This is a contour plot of 500 mb height in meters with a interval of 60 meters. The 500 mb level is often referred to as the steering level as most weather systems and precipitation follow the winds at this level. The winds follow the height contours and generally run from 30 to 100 knots. The speeds can be roughly estimated from the 300 mb winds as roughly 2/3rds their magnitude. This level averages around 18,000 feet above sea level and is roughly half-way up through the weather producing part of the atmosphere called the troposphere.