Easy DB Help File
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This is the Help "file" for the Python Application whose main page is: *Python Easy DataBase Project - OpenCircuits. You can also get a lot of information about how the program works by looking at the GUI and its explanation: Easy DB GUI Images.
Application Features[edit]
 - Easy DB GUI Images.
 - Supports comma separated values ( csv ) output of data to text files.
 - Highly configurable.
 - Some of the terminology used here is covered in Basic Database Terminology
Download and Install[edit]
There is really no install program. Currently the application is intended for those who have at least a little familiarity with Python coding and can just insert the downloaded code into their development environment and run it. Code at Easy DB code For most of you it will not run due to dependency problems. You will need to add them. Pretty much read the error messages and install the missing code. I use Anaconda Spyder so my preferred tool is conda. If conda does not work or you do not use it use pip.
Much of the application is configurable through the parameter.py file, but the default may not give you an application that runs, including a default database.
How To:...[edit]
 - Some stuff is pretty obvious from the GUI, take a look at it as well as reading the material here Easy DB GUI Images.
 - Install: see section above.
 - Debug: see section below.
 - Edit the parameter file: *Change Parameters: Use the application button ( after configuring for your editor ) or any text editor suitable for Python ( no tabs ) on the file parameters.py. See also: The section below, Configuration Files For Python and SmartPlug GUI Images
 - Edit the log file: This is a standard python logging file. Useful for debugging and general tracking of the application. You can set the level of the logging using the parameter file.
 - Backup the database: Just make a copy of the database using your file manager. It is all in one file, but you can make multiple databases.
 - Switch databases: Use browse control on GUI. Please do not change while db operations are active.
 - Get Help: Press the button. Depending on how it is setup in parameters.py you may see this page.
 - Work with text in message area: See buttons to the left of the area.
 - Create a database?
 - Create a table?
 - Select some data from a table?
 - Sort my data?
 - Choose a data format for output
 - Backup a database? Close the system, then use your file manager to make a copy of the database file.
 - export data to a spreadsheet
 - delete some data
 - how do I know if there has been an error
 - how to I find and fix errors
 - How do I install the software.
 - I created a new table and inserted data, but I would like to redo it to fix issues what should I do.
 - how do I drop a table
 - edit records
 - How do i fix a field name if the system complains.
 - How do I make up a valid column name.
 - Why are the spaces in my column names missing? Spaces in column names are usually not allowed in SQL so the system changes n consecutive spaces to an under score.
 - What happened to the spaces at the beginning and end of my data? The system considers them mistakes, and removes them.
 - My data contained a # and something odd happened.
 - Why is there a column called ROW ID? It is built into sqllite, generally ignore it.
 - Why are all of the column names in lower case? The system does not like upper case column names so they are automatically changed to lower case.
 - What happens to blank input lines? They are ignored by the system.
 - What happens to comment lines? They are ignored by the system.
What if[edit]
 - I define a table that already exists ( option to ) drop and recreate.
How to Use the Parameter File[edit]
You need a text editor suitable for.py files to manage the parameter file ( parameters.py ) This includes many text editors. I particularity like:
 - notepad++
 - geany
Once you configure an editor in parameters.py you can edit from the in the GUI ( see below )
When editing there are couple of gotchas to watch out for.
Editing of the parameters.py file
 - Edit so the program finds your devices.
 - See above in Download and Install
 - Enable your favorite editor to work with the application.
 - Lots of other settings:
 - Read the comments in parameters.py and change as desired. If a setting does not work let me know.
 - If you mess up.
 - Re download and get back to the original file.
A Scenario/Use Case[edit]
The Goal[edit]
Lets start a new database of dogs names, their breed, and typical weight, then run a report of all the names in alphabetic order, then a similar report to a comma separated file, and finally delete all the records where the dogs name is Spike.
Make a New Database[edit]
Now you need a database to keep this data ( and a place for the table named something like dogs ). You can use any database that is hanging around and does not already have a table called dogs ( use the Database File: button to choose one or make a new one.
Lets do it the hard way and make a new one. You could type in the name you want for the file but that can be tricky especially getting the path right, so lets pick one using the Database: file button, then edit the name. For example: I browse to:
which must exist ( since your browse to it ) and edit to
note: the old file will be erased, lets warn the user and get approval ?? not sure we make it yet, we should the file must not already exist ( remember we are making a new db ) but the path to it must you may use your file manager to make new folders ( directories ) if you wish.
Prepare Some Data[edit]
Start the system, then press the button in the form area this will make a generic input form, a template for defining a database table and its data. The system will use your systems text editor to open the file.
Save the file with a new name so it will not get overwritten the next time is run.
Now we will edit the file for your new set of data. Note that the file is full of comments ( lines starting with # )
 - The purpose of the file is still insert, so do not change that
 - The name of the table should be changed to something like dogs ( generic_table_name => dogs )
 - Now we come to the column or field names, change them for the dogs, something like:
 ( name_first: => dog_name:
 name_middle: => breed:
 name_last: => typical_weight: )
 - There are repeated records ( rows ) for this, get rid of the excess and make a bunch of sections so you have one section for each of the dogs you plan to enter. ( or make the sections as you go ).
 - Enter your data, only one line per item of data.
 - When you are done your file should look like the generic file, but now specialized for dogs.
 - File it away ( remember its name )
Now for the input file to the file you just made.
 you can use the button to look at the file again if you wish.
 The press the button. If all went well you should get confirming
 messages in the message area at the bottom of the window.
At this point you have a database, a table ( dogs ) but no data.
 Lets make sure the data file seems ok. Press the button.
 You should get messages saying the data is ok
Now lets add the data. Press button. Again messages should show that the data was inserted.
How can we check that the data made it into the table? Just select all the rows out again.
 Choose the output format: csv for comma separated values.
 Select the table from the drop down ( dogs ) Then press
 Your text editor should open with the output.
Report/Output Data[edit]
In Depth[edit]
This revisits some material already covered but in more depth. Perhaps in a, or many, separate pages but here for now.
Table Creation[edit]
Table and Column Name Rules[edit]
Much the same rules apply to both table and column names:
 - Use lower case.
 - No spaces in names, do not start with a number, generally avoid non alphebetic characterss ( except _ )
 - Names do not contain spaces tabs or weird characters
 - the "_" character may be used in place of a space to make a name that would otherwise be two_words.
 - Certain words are used by the sql language and are reserved for that, you cannot use them for table or column
names, some will be caught by the system ( more will be added as we trip across them ). They include: like, where, select delete.....
if you do not follow the guidelines then[edit]
 - the system may change your name to meet the guidelines (


text:
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Student's Book with Song CD
By Marta Graciela Garcia Lorea and Elida Beatriz Messina Illustrated by Doug Nash
Sunshine Level 3 Student's Book
The Garnet Education Sunshine series won the Duke of Edinburgh English Speaking Union English Language Book Award in the category 'Best Entry for Children' in 2011.
Sunshine is a three-level introductory series for kindergarten children studying English. It is both teacherand student-friendly and provides balanced activities that address all intelligences and learning styles. Sunshine helps to develop students' curiosity, imagination, creativity and gross and fine motor skills.
- Sunshine is content-based. It develops listening and speaking skills through pictures, art and music.
- Language is taught through the characters of Emma, Paul and Vicky, who create humor and build confidence.
- Varied activities encourage 'whole-brain learning' and maintain childrens' interest.
- Brightly illustrated songs, rhymes and chants develop phonemic awareness.
- Sunshine includes tear-out worksheets, stickers and an end-of-course diploma.
- The Resource Bank includes teaching tips as well as detailed suggestions for additional games, crafts, drama activities and songs.
Unit 1: My School
Unit 2: Toys
Unit 3: Animal World
Unit 4: Our Families
Unit 5: Food
Unit 6: Happy Birthday Party
Unit 7: Seasons and Clothes
Unit 8: In the City!
Contains full colour illustrations
- Other books by
- Books in Series
Sunshine - Level 1 - Student's Book with Song CD Sunshine - Level 1 - Resource Pack Sunshine - Level 1 - Big Book Sunshine - Level 1 - Teacher's Book Sunshine - Level 1 - Activity Book Sunshine - Level 2 - Big Book Sunshine - Level 2 - Teacher's Book Sunshine - Level 2 - Activity Book Sunshine - Level 2 - Student's Book with Song CD Sunshine - Level 2 - Resource Pack Sunshine - Level 3 - Teacher's Book Sunshine - Level 3 - Activity Book Sunshine - Level 3 - Student's Book with Song CD Sunshine - Level 3 - Resource Pack Sunshine - Level 3 - Big Book

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Wednesday, 9 December 2020
Here's how to find out if your home is adulterated or pure.
Without shopkeepers, they have started selling adulterated goods to consumers in a bid to earn maximum money. Milk, tea, sugar, lentils, grains, turmeric, apples, flour, oil and the like are found mixed in every household useful item. That is to say, we do not get pure food even when we have enough money. Now let's see how you can test the milk to see if it is pure or not.
If milk contains detergent mix, why test it. 10 ml. Mix milk and the same amount of water, if it produces foam, understand that detergent has been mixed in it.
In the same way, to test for water contamination in milk, put milk drops on the greasy area. And if water is mixed in it, it will move without leaving any traces. Pure milk will slowly move forward and white spots will remain.Thus, only synthetic milk tastes bad, and if we rub it in the palm of our hand, it starts to lather like soap and when heated, it turns yellow.
Thus milk is considered to be the healthiest drink. It is rich in vitamins, calcium, protein, niacin, phosphorus and potassium. But nowadays there are many varieties of milk mixed in the market. Which is why the healthiest drinks become the most negatively affected drinks. Chemicals also have a detrimental effect on the liver and kidneys. Here are some tips to help you know if your home milk is adulterated or pure.
Detergent in milk
If there is any suspicion of mixing detergent in the milk, pour water over the milk to verify it. If foam occurs in soapy water, understand that the detergent has been mixed.
Detergent damage
Detergent-containing milk contains a large amount of soda. Drinking such milk has a bad effect on the kidneys, liver and hormones and causes damage.
Synthetic milk
Synthetic milk has also become a big question nowadays. So take this milk between your palms and rub it a lot. Understand that milk is synthetic if it looks sticky. As well as heating it makes it a little yellow.
The damage it causes
Urea, laundry soap, sto starch and formaldehyde are mixed to make synthetic milk. Drinking such milk causes food poisoning. Vomiting or diarrhea may occur. As well as the kidneys and liver are also damaged.
Mixing of starch in milk
Put a few drops of iodine tincture or iodine solution in the milk to see if the starch is mixed in the milk. If the milk turns blue, understand that the milk is adulterated.
The damage it causes
Obtaining starch increases the number of elements in milk such as hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, nitrate fertilizers and neutralizers. In addition to the intestines, kidneys and liver, many other organs are also affected.
Mixing water in milk
Pour a few drops of milk on a piece of plastic or something else. Now tease it a little. If the drops of milk flow past the white line, then understand that the milk is pure. If the drops flow towards the slope, then it is not true.
The damage it causes
Milk becomes very thin due to mixing of water. So that its advantage does not remain the same as before.
More dangerous for children and the elderly
When the livers of children and the elderly are very sensitive, adulterated milk is very harmful to them. It also affects their immune system, making them vulnerable to many diseases.
અહીંથી વાંચો ગુજરાતી રિપોર્ટ
Why be confused?
The price of milk is based on the fat in it, so detergents, urea, ammonia, nitrate fertilizers, starch, sugar, glucose and salt are added to thicken the milk and increase the fat. Mixing all this makes it a little sour which is also mixed with a neutralizer to prevent it. So mixing hydrogen peroxide and formalin does not spoil the milk for several days.
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The American Indian Integration of Baseball
Reviewed by Jennifer Guiliano, Department of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
JUNE 22, 2005 archive
Often relegated to brief paragraphs or footnotes in works of baseball history, The American Indian Integration of Baseball completes the first (of hopefully many) book length treatments of the Native American entry into baseball. Attempting to capture the experiences of Indians participating in sport from federal boarding schools to professional leagues from 1897 to 1945, Jeffrey Powers-Beck utilizes newspapers, periodicals, correspondence, interviews, early Indian school accounts, baseball historiography, and boarding school literature, in order to chart the everyday experiences of Indian men playing organized baseball.
Powers-Beck presents a dazzling array of primary source material culled from the archives of Haskell Indian Nations University, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, the National Baseball Hall of Fame, and the National Archives and Record Administration, to name a few. These materials lead to the conclusion that "the legends like Sockalexis, Jim Thorpe, and Charles Albert Bender and the overlooked veterans of many Minor League seasons, like Frank Jude, Louis Leroy and Elijah Pinnance, were all submerged in the cauldron of racism, far different from the American myth of baseball's supposed'melting pot.' These players triumphed in enduring the integration experience of name-calling, race-baiting, mob mockery, and mistreatment by players, managers, and fans, all part of the pervasive racism of America's 'Progressive' era" (2).
The text opens with a foreword by Joseph Oxendine that reads against many of the recent post-colonial readings of sport that view image appropriation as a discourse of colonial violence. Oxendine writes, "though it was not something they preferred, most Indians did not seriously object to being called, 'Chief.' Some sportswriters had fun with Indian images, creating near-burlesque climate with comments such as 'The Chief is on the warpath,' 'add another scalp to his belt,' 'put on war paint,' and so on. Of course, early in the twentieth century, political correctness, had not asserted itself'" (x). The complexity of performance, particularly the racialized static displays within newspapers and the dynamic existence on playing fields, is downplayed within Oxendine's introduction. As a result, it primes the reader towards a more traditional interpretation of sporting experience in which baseball occupies a space where racial integration is without much of the violence, both cultural and psychological, that many Indians faced in the early twentieth century. The first three chapters, entitled "Chief: the American Indian Integration of Baseball," "Carlisle Indian Industrial School Baseball," and "The Nebraska Indians Baseball Team," are a series of inquiries into the origins of early organized ball players. Powers-Beck begins by positioning his reading of Indian integration against the canonical text Baseball: the People's Game, written by Harold and Dorothy Seymour, that argues that animosity towards Indians was mainly cultural. Powers-Beck argues that there is both a long tradition of cultural and racial prejudice towards Native athletes and a corresponding lack of historiographical tradition among baseball historians. As a result, it is impossible to read early twentieth century narratives of baseball without recognizing the intertwined nature of race and culture and the ways in which culture and race have dominated popular sporting narratives.
Powers-Beck uses chapter one to establish the dominance of federal Indian boarding schools as a site where Indian men learned about baseball as well as had a direct experience with assimilationist policies. Importantly, he concludes that excelling in baseball became a way in which Indian athletes, Indian students, and their indigenous communities were able, culturally, to resist white encroachment and controls on their daily lives. Sportswriters, school administrators, and Bureau of Indian Affairs officers each viewed baseball as a lens through which the success or failure of Indian assimilation could be charted. Thus, the familiar stereotypes of the virtuous Indian could quickly turn to the drunken lout and back to the noble savage depending on sporting success.
In chapters two and three, Powers-Beck turns towards the localized site of Carlisle Indian Industrial School, and argues that the physical nature of baseball was three-fold in its performance: first, for white administrators, it demonstrated the success of assimilationist policies in their endeavors to discipline Indian bodies and became a revenue-generating avenue for the financially struggling schools; secondly, for male athletes, baseball became an employment opportunity that afforded men a relative measure of financial freedom away from the "outing" system fronted by the school and could generate personal and community pride; and lastly, for female students, baseball allowed them the opportunity to defy Victorian ideals of femininity by permitting rough and tumble behavior. An extension of John Bloom's To Show What An Indian Can Do (University of Minnesota Press, 2000), Powers-Beck devotes the majority of his discussion about Carlisle to the concerns of white administrators and the ways in which individual male athletes responded to the dictates of organized baseball.
A nuanced reading of chapter three on the Nebraska Indians Baseball team though offers potential for reading baseball history as labor history and as a history of sexuality. More specifically, male athletes were laborers for their schools and their baseball organizations and occupied an ambiguous space between amateur and professional. They enacted performances of Indianness on sporting fields both as athletes and as advertisers for baseball owners and managers prior to the games. Many of these performances, Powers-Beck contends, were about generating audiences and capital, not for the athletes as one would suspect, but for the baseball team owners. Further, while he downplays the masculine rhetoric that encompasses so many of the narratives and performances, there is an explicit aligning of baseball athletes with physical and sexual dominance as well as the creation of male pan-Indianism.
The majority of the rest of the narrative concentrates on the period from 1903 to 1919. Chapter four features the integration experiences of Charles A. Bender, John Tortes Meyers, and Jim Thorpe. Powers-Beck argues that these three men articulated different strategies of confronting anti-Indian sentiment: Bender "was a canny and intense performer, a World Series hero who faced whooping crowds, race baiting, and disparaging caricature. In the midst of it, he denied feeling any prejudice, but the suffering showed on his body and in his pitching, and he later admitted, 'I couldn't let it out'" (95). John Meyers, the "slow footed catcher," tolerated the domination of his manager, who batted him eighth and seldom trusted him to call pitches, but he spoke his mind about being treated as " 'a foreigner,' a'stranger' who 'didn't belong' because he was an Indian" (95). Not surprisingly, Powers-Beck claims Thorpe as the greatest athlete of his time and "perhaps of his century" and lauds him for his sporting success in the face of a lack of training in baseball and hostile management and crowds. These short biographical vignettes are promising in their ability to examine individual strategies to combat racism; however, often the reader is burdened by statistics of individual sporting success. Powers-Beck is strongest when he looks at how media outlets constructed hostile environments for players, yet he leaves the question of who is producing these narratives largely uninvestigated. His analysis of the ways in which the media ultimately created the conditions surrounding Jim Thorpe's downfall could only be enlivened by corresponding questions about sportswriters themselves and how these narratives connected to national anti-Indian sentiments.
The experiences of athletes who spent little time in the major leagues often paralleled those of Bender, Meyers, and Thorpe. Chapters five, six, and seven concentrate on the lives of Louis Leroy (who played only briefly in the Major Leagues), George Howard Johnson (with his fourteen year stint at the "big game"), and Moses Yellow Horse. While the themes of caricature, hate speech, and race baiting continue, Powers-Beck moves more freely away from the baseball diamond. In the life of Louis Leroy, readers begin to see the effects of the baseball lifestyle on families. The death of his child is reported to Leroy secondhand because he is traveling. For Johnson, the financial success of baseball allowed him to create a sanctuary for his family on a horse farm, but his continual desire to secure their future placed Johnson in conflict with his own team, the notorious legal battle with the Cincinnati Reds in 1914 over contract jumping. It is finally with the life of Yellow Horse that the violence of race baiting and anti-Indian sentiment becomes concrete. Moses Yellow Horse responds physically to the taunts of Ty Cobb and hits Cobb in the leg forcing him to leave the game on a stretcher. This violence, though, is of a man pushed to the edge. With injury and the demise of his Major League career, Yellow Horse, like many athletes, turned to alcohol. In the end, Powers-Beck presents the redemption of Yellow Horse. He swears off drinking and become a vibrant member of his community, so much so that he was honored by the Pawnee community on his sixtieth birthday. Combined, these chapters reveal that the integration experience was ultimately always a perilous experience. Athletes, no matter their level of sporting success, faced a deck stacked against them. Integration was never easy for these athletes and their successes; as such, Powers-Beck celebrates even minor victories against racism in baseball.
The epilogue of The American Indian Integration of Baseball mentions the historical legacies of the integration experience in the form of Indian mascots in Major League Baseball. A brief overview argues for the similarities between newspaper cartoons and the current manifestations of Chief Wahoo and the Atlanta Braves icon

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Presentation: Characterizing Drainage Flows (O'Neill)
link VIEW LINK: Link
Characterizing Drainage Flows that Result in Smoke Intrusions from Prescribed Burning: Rx Burning in the WUI of Bend, OR
Susan O'Neill, Miriam Rorig, Rick Graw and Roger Ottmar
Recording of a presentation at the May 2015 AMS Fire and Forest Meteorology Conference in Minneapolis, MN.
Excerpt from the abstract: "At night, the nocturnal inversion sets up, trapping emissions from the smoldering stages of fires, which can lead to smoke being transported along river drainages directly into towns. The complex terrain makes it particularly difficult to predict when smoke from fires, sometimes many tens of miles away, will be transported into smoke sensitive areas."
Comments from Blane Heumann (TNC): Burning in Bend OR is burning in a "fish bowl" from a smoke perspective. I took away a couple bits to think about: smoke models do not currently do well at predicting smoke issues from overnight or extended smoldering consumption; and cool stuff using weather station data and typical burn prescription to calculate statistics on number and timing of available burn days (in terms of temp, RH and winds).
The link above takes you to the abstract, which has a link to the recording of the presentation. To go directly to the recording, click here.


Larder Beetles
Facts, Identification & Control
Latin Name
Dermestes lardarius (L.)
The larder beetle is a large oval insect. The adult is about 7 to 9 mm long. It is usually black with a yellow band across the wing covers. There are several dark spots in the yellow area.
Behavior, Diet & Habits
The larder beetle may get its name from the fact that it is a pest of cured meat and other stored food products. It is a member of the beetle group called dermestid beetles.
When they invade a home, larder beetles move into dark areas where they can find food. They prefer to feed on dead insects and stored meat or cheese. They will also feed on feathers, skins, horns and dry pet food. They will infest pantries and storerooms where people store pet food. Larder beetles also infest nests of squirrels and rats in wall voids and attics. They can move from these areas into almost any part of a home.
The female beetles lay eggs in the spring and summer. When the eggs hatch, the larvae burrow into the food material. The larvae mature to pupae and then adults in two or three months. When it time for them to change into adults, the larvae leave the food and burrow into a solid material. They make a small chamber and seal themselves inside the chamber so they can change into adults.
Signs of a Larder Beetle Infestation
Infested items can have holes. Upon close examination, the hairy larvae and their shed skins may be seen. Another sign is their thin fecal pellets which can be up to 3 mm long.
More Information
Controlling larder beetles requires an inspection and cleaning. The first step is a thorough inspection. The object of the inspection is to find the source of the infestation and remove anything that is infested. The kitchen cabinets and pantry are good starting places. Remove everything and examine every package. Discard anything that is infested. Vacuum the empty shelves. Try to store new food products in sealed glass or plastic containers. Look in the garage and storerooms for infested pet food or animal feed.
It can be challenging to find the source of a larder beetle infestation. They can infest furs and animal trophies. They can also infest bird and animal nests, so sometimes the inspection includes the attic and crawlspace.
The inspection and cleaning are critical parts in solving most larder beetle infestations. Insecticide application is the final step. Insecticide is used for eliminating any beetles that are changing into adults. The insecticide will be effective if it is applied into the cracks and crevices at the back of the shelves and behind the baseboard. To avoid misapplication, it is usually preferable to call the local pest control professional.


text:
Disparities; Access to Care; Medicaid; Vulnerable Populations
Clinical Epidemiology | Health Services Research
Identifying and eliminating disparities are priorities for State Medicaid programs, especially in the context of increased enrollment through Medicaid expansion. We assessed racial, ethnic, regional, and managed care organization (MCO) differences, as well as time trends before and after Medicaid expansion, in primary care and emergency department (ED) utilization in a large Medicaid program. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of data from Pennsylvania Medicaid from 2011-2015. Three primary care outcomes included: 1) adult access to primary care; 2) adolescent access to primary care; and 3) pediatric access to dental care. Our fourth outcome reflected ED utilization. We observed significant racial and regional disparities in access to primary care and ED utilization. In the context of Medicaid Expansion, adult primary care and ED utilization had wide racial disparities but were stable over time, while adolescent access to primary care worsened and pediatric access to dental care improved. Hispanic enrollees had higher primary care access compared with non-Hispanics. We additionally identified high and low-performing MCOs, and racial disparities within MCOs. In conclusion, disparity-reducing interventions should address region and MCO in addition to race, and should focus on post-Expansion trends. The state Medicaid program should consider these results in MCO recommendations and contracts.
Parekh, Natasha; Jarlenski, Marian; and Kelley, David
"Disparities in Access to Primary Care and Emergency Department Utilization in a Large Medicaid Program,"
Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice: Vol. 11
, Article 1.
Available at: _URL_


What are coarse fibre?
Is jute coarse fibre?
Plz expert answer fast anyway plz
Dear Student,
Coarse fibres are rough appeared, stiff and thick fibres. Khadi is an example of coarse fibre obtain from jute. But jute itself is a soft fibre not a coarse fibre. It is a natural fibre.
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Natural Flow Cooling System
Our Technology > Patented Technology
Since the electrical resistance of a conductor such as a silver wire is dependent upon collisional processes within the wire, the resistance could be expected to increase with temperature since there will be more collisions. Likewise, the more the temperature rises the more the conductor resistance increases causing audible signal loss especially in high frequencies because of skin effect. Moreover, materials possess their own specific tonal signatures, independently of shape or size, but directly related to temperature.
In order to minimize this phenomenon most cables suffer from, we must aim at keeping the conductor temperature of all our cables as low and stable as possible. Therefore, we leave the two ends of the conductor Teflon insulation tubes open while the external tube remains hermitically closed.
As the diameter of the insulation tube is quite bigger than the conductors', air can easily flow through it.
When the current flows through the conductors the temperature increases and the air in the external tube of the cable starts to flow, cooling the conductors.
This patented
"Natural Flow Cooling System" stabilizes the operation temperature level of our cables lower than a conventional cable, offering a significant diminution in signal loss.
Moreover, by keeping the temperature quite low we avoid corrosion farther, same as any chemical activity, achieving a time-lasting stable cable.
Projects using our Natural Flow Cooling System:
Back to content | Back to main menu


text:
The direction flag is a CPU flag specific to Intel 80x86 processors. It applies to all assembly instructions that use the REP (repeat) prefix, such as MOVS, MOVSD, MOVSW, and others. Addresses provided to applicable instructions are increased if the direction flag is cleared.
The C run-time routines assume that the direction flag is cleared. If you are using other functions with the C run-time functions, you must ensure that the other functions leave the direction flag alone or restore it to its original condition. Expecting the direction flag to be clear upon entry makes the run-time code faster and more efficient.
The C Run-Time library functions, such as the string-manipulation and buffer-manipulation routines, expect the direction flag to be clear.


text:
Cultural Anthropology Program
Kelsey Chatlosh is a doctoral student in the Cultural Anthropology program. Her research focuses on Afro-Chilean activism for recognition, memory and territory, and how activists are contesting dominant narratives of Chilean history and racial identity, re-envisioning the future, and linking with other activist networks. In part, Kelsey is interested to explore how varying configurations of Afro-descendant Chilean consciousness and activism are emerging online through digital ethnography. Additionally, as teacher at Queens College, Kelsey is keen on further exploring and applying methods of digital pedagogy within and beyond the classroom. Prior to the CUNY Graduate Center, Kelsey worked as the Language Access Monitor at the Washington, DC Mayor's Office on Latino Affairs. There, among other projects, she co-founded the website LanguageIsARight.org and worked on a public art and social media campaign to spread awareness of city residents' right to access city programs and services in their own languages.


text:
During the different phases of a masonry project, contractors collect detailed information about the labor productivity of its workers and the factors that influence productivity. Information includes quantitative data such as hours, activities, and tasks, and qualitative data such as ratings and personality factors. Personality factors have been found to be a key aspect that influences the compatibility of a crew and the productivity in masonry construction. This paper proposes a mathematical framework to determine how the compatibility between the workers in a crew can be used to predict productivity. A standard method for quantifying personality is used to determine the compatibility of a crew and empirically define a probability density to predict productivity. The probability density determines, for a given compatibility, the average productivity for a crew. The most interesting part of this probability density is that it accounts for variations in the productivity, resulting from the interaction and the relationships between the workers in a crew. The proposed probability distribution can be used to make more realistic predictions, by calculating confidence intervals, of the productivity of masonry crews and to better estimate times of construction, avoid crew conflicts, and find practical ways to increase production.
masonry construction, productivity, process improvement, crew formation, probability density
Florez, L. & Cortissoz, J. C. 2017, 'Probability Density Function for Predicting Productivity in Masonry Construction Based on the Compatibility of a Crew' In:, 25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. Heraklion, Greece, 9-12 Jul 2017. pp 655-662


Let $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ be irreducible polynomials over rationals. I know that to find the density of the primes $p$ such that (say) $f(x)$ has a root mod $p$ can be found using Chebotarev density theorem, looking at the density of elements with fixed points in the Galois group of $f(x)$. (Thinking of the Galois group embedded in $S_d$, where d is the degree of $f$) I was wondering what is the general way of doing this when we're given two polynomials $f$ and $g$, and if we try to find the density of primes such that both $f$ and $g$ have roots mod $p$. Should we somehow look at the compositum of the splitting fields of $f$ and $g$? That's my feeling, but I don't know how to do that. Thanks.
 - $\begingroup$ @ R. van Dobben de Bruyn : That's slightly different. There, it finds density of primes which are split in the Galois closure, but prime doesn't necessarily have to split for these polynomials to have root mod $p$, so that answer only gives lower bound for the density. $\endgroup$ – vgmath Jul 12 '17 at 20:56
 - $\begingroup$ Aren't the two events independent? $\endgroup$ – Igor Rivin Jul 13 '17 at 0:42
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: you're right, it's not the same question. I retracted my close vote. (For the record, the other question.) $\endgroup$ – R. van Dobben de Bruyn Jul 13 '17 at 16:24
Let $P(h)$ be the proportion of primes $p$ such that the monic polynomial $h(t)$ has a root mod $p.$ You say that you can compute this when $h$ is irreducible. Your question is equivalent to asking if you can do it when $h$ is a product of two irreducibles:
You ask about finding $x,$ the proportion of primes where $f$ and $g$ both have roots. But $P(f)+P(g)=P(fg)+x.$
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ I am not sure I understand why this answers the question, since Chebotarev only applies to irreducibles, I believe )(and _USER_ says as much). $\endgroup$ – Igor Rivin Jul 13 '17 at 4:09
 - $\begingroup$ It doesn't answer the question. But it does show it equivalent to a presumably hard problem: generalize Chebatorev to non-irreducibles (or at least those with two factors.) So something like computing two splitting fields $F,G$ and their composite $FG$ is not going to solve the given problem unless it solves the harder one. $\endgroup$ – Aaron Meyerowitz Jul 13 '17 at 4:58
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Meyerowitz, @ Igor Rivin : Sorry for my ignorance if I'm wrong, but I couldn't see why Chebatorev requires irreduciblity? Doesn't it work for splitting field of any polynomial? Is there any quick counter example when it doesn't work? $\endgroup$ – vgmath Jul 19 '17 at 1:26
Your Answer


A Road to the Grothendieck Spectral Sequence:Derived Functors II
In the previous post, I gave a little glimpse into derived functors and somewhat motivated their construction. In this post, we'll get our hands dirty with homological algebra to continue setting up the required machinery and go through many proofs.
In the previous post, I promised to continue the proof of a lemma which establishes a long exact sequence. Before giving the proof, let me mention a few facts which will be useful.
If we're given a short exact sequence 0 \to I \to A \to B \to 0 in an abelian category where I is an injective object. From the map I \to I and the monomorphism I \hookrightarrow A, we can extend to a map A \to I such that the composition is the identity. Using the Splitting Lemma, one obtains a non-canonical splitting A \simeq I \oplus B. Applying F,
0 \to F(A) \to F(I) \oplus F(B) \to F(B).
The identity map B \to B factors through the projection map \pi:A \to B, the same holds true after applying F, in particular, the last map is surjective!
0 \to F(A) \to F(I) \oplus F(B) \to F(B) \to 0.
Proof of Lemma 1:
Step 1:A morphism between objects with injective resolution induces a chain map between the resolutions
Let \phi:A \to B be a morphism between two objects with injective resolutions A_{\bullet},B_{\bullet}. In the figure below, the map \phi_{0} is constructed from the fact that d_{0}:A \to I_{0} is a monomorphism and there is a map A \to B \to I'_{0} from A to an injective object.
Now, there is a monomorphism I_{0}/ker(d_{1})=I_{0}/Im(d_{0})=Coker(A \to I_{0}) \hookrightarrow I_{1}. Next, note that by the commutativity of the square already defined, \phi_{0} takes Im(d_{0})=Ker(d_{1}) to Ker(d'_{1})=Im(d'_{0}) by the fact that d'{1}d'_{0}=0 by exactness of the lower sequence. This means that the map \phi_{0} induces a morphism h_{0}: Coker(A \to I_{0}) \to Coker(B \to I'_{0}) and by exactness, we can compose this with B/Ker(d'_{1}) to get a map Coker(A \to I_{0}) \to I'_{1}. Since I'_{1}, we get the required map \phi_{1}. Inductively continue this process to get the entire chain map. Note that all the maps defined from the injective object property are not unique.
Step 2:Proving that any two such extensions are chain-homotopic
Let f_{n},g_{n} be two chain maps from A \to I_{\bullet} to B \to I'_{\bullet}.
Continue reading "A Road to the Grothendieck Spectral Sequence:Derived Functors II"


text:
Informations and abstract
Keywords: Shoah, Italy, Second World War, Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, Righteous, Informants.
The article illustrates the genesis and development of the first episode of Shoah in Italy, which took place in the Novarese and Verbano provinces in the days following the Armistice. In particular, the dynamics and reasons that led the German soldiers to perpetrate the massacres on Lake Maggiore are analyzed. Important details on the lives of the victims are also highlighted, determining the developments of certain arrests. Above all, it has been ascertained that the number of victims is higher than that known to date. After a brief presentation of the historical and geographical context, the descriptions of the dynamics of each massacre and the presentation of the judicial process which involved part of the perpetrators of the aforementioned massacres follow.


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You can also publish the final result on any website.
- It supports touch and mouse.
- You can make changes and refresh the graph anytime you like.
Looker is a data visualization platform that enables you to explore, analyze, and share analytics with ease. You can use this program to convert your data into useful diagrams.
- It provides a dashboard to analyze your data deeply.
- You can filter individuals or groups dynamically.
- Looker helps you to combine numerous types of charts.
- You can visualize data with subtotal in tables.
- This app provides a modern API to integrate workflow.


= Tutorial 28: Scripting = '''[TUTORIAL UNDER DEVELOPMENT: NOT READY FOR PUBLIC USE] ''' ''Authors: Francois Tadel, Elizabeth Bock, Sylvain Baillet'' The previous tutorials explained how to use Brainstorm in an interactive way to process one subject with two acquisition runs. In the context of a typical neuroimaging study, you may have tens or hundreds of subjects to process in the same way, it is unrealistic to do everything manually. Some parts of the analysis can be processed in batches with no direct supervision, others require more attention. This tutorial introduces tools and tricks that will help you assemble an efficient analysis pipeline. Requirements: You need a license for the Matlab environment in order to use these tools and execute custom scripts. If you are running the compiled version of Brainstorm with the MCR library, the only custom code you can run is through the menu File > Matlab console and the process "Run Matlab command". <> == Starting a new script == The easiest way to get started with a new Brainstorm script is to use the script generator, already introduced in the tutorial [[_URL_ files and run processes]]. Select some files in the Process1 or Process2 tabs, select a list of processes, and use the menu '''Generate.m script'''. The example below should work on the the protocol "TutorialIntroduction" created during the introduction tutorials. * In the Process1 tab, leave the selection box empty and click on [Run]. Instead of selecting the files from the Brainstorm interface, we will select them directly from the database using a script. * Select process '''File > Select files: Recordings''' (do not execute immediately)<
>Subject='''Subject01''', Condition='''[Empty]''', File comment='''Avg: deviant''' (the space is important). <
> {{attachment:start1.gif||height="334",width="400"}} * This process selects all the recordings with a comment including the string "Avg: deviant", from all the folders in Subject01 (except "Intra-subject" and "Common files"). We expect to get two files: the averages of the deviant condition for both runs. * Add process '''Pre-process > Band-pass filter''': Lower cutoff='''0Hz''', Upper cutoff='''30Hz''', Mirror. <
> '''Add process File > Save snapshot''': Recordings time series, Sensors=MEG. <
> <
> {{attachment:start2.gif||height="294",width="518"}} * This will apply a low-pass filter at 30Hz and save a screen capture of the signals in the report. * Do not run the pipeline, select the menu '''Generate.m script '''instead. It saves a new.m file and opens it in the Matlab editor. Close the pipeline editor window and look at the script.<
> {{attachment:start3.gif||height="272",width="673"}} * The script you just generated can be the starting point to your own custom script. The following sections explain line by line how they work and how to edit them. == Line by line: Header == {{{ % Script generated by Brainstorm (19-Jul-2016) }}} All the lines starting with a "%" are comments, they are never executed. {{{ % Input files sFiles = []; SubjectNames = {... 'Subject01'}; }}} These lines define the script inputs: * '''sFiles''': The list of files in input. Currently empty because we did not select anything in input in the Process1 list. If we had selected files, it would contain a cell array of strings with relative file paths. * '''SubjectNames''': List of subject names that are used in the script. Most of the times, the generated script would contain only one entry, but it written as a cell array so that it is easier to extend it to multiple subjects with a loop (described further in this tutorial). {{{ % Start a new report bst_report('Start', sFiles); }}} Start a new report of activity: Clears all the previous logs and gets ready to record new messages. The report will collect all the messages that are generated during the execution of the script by the various processes. You can explicitely add screen captures and additional messages to the current report with the function bst_report. This report will remain open until the function bst_report('Start') is called again. To display the current report, use the menu [[_URL_ > Report viewer]]. The syntax '''function_name'''(''''SubFunction'''', arguments) is used a lot in Brainstorm, to call a subfunction available inside a.m file. This line above calls the function Report() in the file brainstorm3/toolbox/process/bst_report.m. This is made possible with the use of the short script "macro_methodcall" you will see at the top of many files. Many of the Brainstorm.m files are actually libraries of functions, rather than simple "scripts" or "functions". == Line by line: Body == {{{ % Process: Select data files in: Subject01/*/Avg: deviant sFiles = bst_process('CallProcess', 'process_select_files_data', sFiles, [],...'subjectname', SubjectNames{1},... 'condition', '',... 'tag', 'Avg: deviant',... 'includebad', 0,... 'includeintra', 0,... 'includecommon', 0); % Process: Low-pass:30Hz sFiles = bst_process('CallProcess', 'process_bandpass', sFiles, [],... 'highpass', 0,... 'lowpass', 30,...'mirror', 1,...'sensortypes', 'MEG',... 'overwrite', 0); % Process: Snapshot: Recordings time series sFiles = bst_process('CallProcess', 'process_snapshot', sFiles, [],... 'target', 5,... % Recordings time series'modality', 1,... % MEG (All) 'orient', 4,... % bottom 'time', 0.11,... 'contact_time', [0, 0.1],... 'contact_nimage', 12,... 'threshold', 20,... 'Comment', 'Run'); }}} You will find one block per process you selected in the pipeline editor. They all have the same syntax: <
> output_files = '''bst_process'''('CallProcess', process_name, input_files_A, input_files_B, options_list); * '''process_name''': String indicating the function corresponding to the process to execute. To know from the pipeline editor what is the path to the process function: hover your mouse over the selected process, as illustrated in [[_URL_ tutorial]]. * '''input_files_A''': List of input files in Process1, or FilesA in Process2. It can be a cell array of files names (full path, or relative path from the protocol folder), or an array of structures describing the files in the database (returned by a previous call to bst_process). * '''input_files_B''': Empty for Process1, or FilesB in Process2. Cell array of strings or array of struct. * '''options_list''': Pairs of (option_name, option_values), one for each option of the process. * '''output_files''': Array of structures describing the files in output of the process. If the process created new files, this variable contains the new files. If the process didn't create new files or was modifying exiting files, most of the time this variable would contain the same files as the input list. == Line by line: Footer == {{{ % Save and display report ReportFile = bst_report('Save', sFiles); }}} Closes the current report and saves it in the user Brainstorm report folder ($HOME/.brainstorm/reports). These reports are in.mat format and contain all the information necessary to re-run the execution exactly in the same way, but they not easy to read. The parameter "sFiles" is optional, it indicates what are the files that are considered as the final results of the script. You can remove it without breaking your script: ReportFile = bst_report('Save'); {{{ bst_report('Open', ReportFile); }}} Opens the report viewer to display what happened during the execution. This is equivalent to using the menu [[_URL_ > Report viewer]]. You can comment this line (ie. add a "%" at the beginning of the line) if you don't want to show the report at the end of the execution. {{{ % bst_report('Export', ReportFile, ExportDir); }}} This function exports the report in readable format, as an HTML that includes all the screen captures embedded in it. It is disabled by default. If you want to use this feature: remove the "%" at the beginning of the line, and define the variable ExportDir. ExportDir must be a string that defines where to save the HTML report. It can be wither the absolute path to a HTML file (eg. 'C:\Users\myuser\Documents\report_example.html') or just a folder (eg. 'C:\Users\myuser\Documents'). If you enter only a path to a folder, a default file name including the protocol name and a date tag is generated (report_ProtocolName_YYMMDD_HHMMSS.html). == Simplify the calls == This script you


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Class: ClassificationKNN
Margin of k-nearest neighbor classifier by resubstitution
m = resubMargin(mdl)
m = resubMargin(mdl) returns the classification margins of the data used to train mdl. For the definition, see Margin.
Input Arguments
expand all
mdl — Classifier modelclassifier model object
k-nearest neighbor classifier model, returned as a classifier model object.
Note that using the 'CrossVal', 'KFold', 'Holdout', 'Leaveout', or 'CVPartition' options results in a model of class ClassificationPartitionedModel. You cannot use a partitioned tree for prediction, so this kind of tree does not have a predict method.
Otherwise, mdl is of class ClassificationKNN, and you can use the predict method to make predictions.
Output Arguments
A numeric column vector of length size(mdl.X,1), where mdl.X is the training data for mdl. Each entry in m represents the margin for the corresponding row of mdl.X and (true class) mdl.Y.
The classification margin is the difference between the classification score for the true class and maximal classification score for the false classes.
Margin is a column vector with the same number of rows as in the training data.
The score of a classification is the posterior probability of the classification. The posterior probability is the number of neighbors that have that classification, divided by the number of neighbors. For a more detailed definition that includes weights and prior probabilities, see Posterior Probability.
expand all
Resubstitution Margin Calculation
Construct a k-nearest neighbor classifier for the Fisher iris data, where k = 5.
Load the data.
load fisheriris
X = meas;
Y = species;
Construct a classifier for 5-nearest neighbors.
mdl = fitcknn(X,Y,'NumNeighbors',5);
Examine some statistics of the resubstitution margin of the classifier.
m = resubMargin(mdl);
[max(m) min(m) mean(m)]
ans =
 1.0000 -0.6000 0.9253
The mean margin is over 0.9, indicating fairly high classification accuracy for resubstitution. For more reliable assessment of model accuracy, consider cross validation, such as kfoldLoss.
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text: Many studies on functional differentiation of the spinal anterior column cells have been performed by Granit and other physiologists, but its histological appraisal has not been made yet. The author investigated various parts of the spinal cord of cats with glycogen staining, phosphorylase reaction and keto-enolic granula staining. The large cells of the lateral nuclei in the anterior column cell group of the cervical and lumbar enlargements had strongly positive phosphorylase reaction and more glycogen and keto-enolic granules, while in the thoracic anterior column or in the medial nuclei of the cervical and lumbar enlargements, the larger cell group was hardly seen and there were mostly the smaller cell groups with negative or extremely weak phosphorylase reaction, less glycogen and less keto-enolic granules. The author has stated in Part I that the white muscle fiber has more phosphorylase and less dehydrogenase, while the red muscle fiber has more dehydrogenase and less phosphorylase. From these facts as stated above, it is considered that the anterior column cells of the lateral nuclei of the cervical and lumbar enlargements innervating the muscles of the extremities with phasic movement are the larger ones and have different metabolic system from that of the smaller cell group of the thoracic anterior column or the medial nuclei innervating the muscles of trunk with tonic function.


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The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe
Parfitt, Simon A.; Barendregt, Rene W.; Breda, Marzia; Candy, Ian; Collins, Matthew J.; Coope, G. Russell; Durbridge, Paul; Field, Mike H.; Lee, Jonathan R.; Lister, Adrian M.; Mutch, Robert; Penkman, Kirsty E.H.; Preece, Richard C.; Rose, James; Stringer, Christopher B.; Symmons, Robert; Whittaker, John E.; Wymer, John J.; Stuart, Anthony J.. 2005 The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe. Nature, 438. _PHONE_. 10.1038/nature04227Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)
The colonization of Eurasia by early humans is a key event after their spread out of Africa, but the nature, timing and ecological context of the earliest human occupation of northwest Europe is uncertain and has been the subject of intense debate1. The southern Caucasus was occupied about 1.8 million years (Myr) ago2, whereas human remains from Atapuerca-TD6, Spain (more than 780 kyr ago)3 and Ceprano, Italy (about 800 kyr ago)4 show that early Homo had dispersed to the Mediterranean hinterland before the Brunhes–Matuyama magnetic polarity reversal (780 kyr ago). Until now, the earliest uncontested artefacts from northern Europe were much younger, suggesting that humans were unable to colonize northern latitudes until about 500 kyr ago5, 6. Here we report flint artefacts from the Cromer Forest-bed Formation at Pakefield (52° N), Suffolk, UK, from an interglacial sequence yielding a diverse range of plant and animal fossils. Event and lithostratigraphy, palaeomagnetism, amino acid geochronology and biostratigraphy indicate that the artefacts date to the early part of the Brunhes Chron (about 700 kyr ago) and thus represent the earliest unequivocal evidence for human presence north of the Alps.
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View all Standards
Standard 4.MDA.8
4.MDA.8 Determine the value of a collection of coins and bills greater than $1.00.
Grade(s): 4
Subject(s): Math
Year: 2015
Money Madness
Money Madness
Students will participate in a real-world buying experience. They will use their knowledge of money and multi-digit subtraction to buys goods and make sure they do not spend too much!


text:
This online course creates awareness for aquatic professionals on heat stresses that can occur in the workplace, including what these stresses are, how to identify them, how they can affect a worker's health and safety, and how heat stress conditions can best be prevented.
Heat Stress training focuses on the following objectives, while the online format allows students to learn at their own pace:
- Identify heat stress hazards that can exist on the job
- Identify the nature, symptoms, and treatment of heat stress
- Recognize the precautions for protecting against heat stress
Successful completion of this 30-minute online course earns a Record of Completion. IACET CEUs are not available for this course.


Daendroque Possum
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Daendroque Possum
Official Name Daendroque Possum
Common Nicknames Fainting Rat, Daen Opo
Classification Mammal
Habitat Jungles of Daendroc and northern Teled Methen
Domesticated No
Current Status Common
The Daendroque Possum is one of the few marsupials in Aloria and is also the smallest. It has a recent history, being tied to Daendroque political and military ideas which has given it part of its name. The animal is nocturnal and is reported to constantly hang by their tails though this is only possible with young members of the species. The Daendroque Possum is also capable of a unique body function, "playing dead," to avoid hostile interactions with large predators who would likely kill them otherwise.
The Daendroque Possum has a rather bland history; for much of its life, it was ignored in the jungles of Daendroc. Small, unassuming and mammalian, it rarely interacted with the outside world and the Allorn Empire ignored the animal, deeming it a pest. It was only later when groups took notice of the animal. When the Allorn Empire ultimately collapsed and their Ailor slaves rebelled, pushing through the jungles, they came across the small animal. Under them, the animal took on new cultural significance. The Daendroque came to see the Possum as symbolic of their own culture's pension for subterfuge activities as their mechanic of "playing dead" and nocturnal time of activity was seen as part of this tricky nature. The animal even inspired a military and political philosophy undertaken by some Daendroque, to appear weaker than you actually are only to strike out with ferocity. The animal also became known as a decent meal for the desperate of society, though their teeth and claws has long allowed them to survive extinction at the hands of hungry Daendroque. The animal remains populous in Daen to this day, mainly existing across the jungles of Daendroc and some northern regions of Teled Methen.
Physical Appearance
The Daendroque Possum is an interesting mammal with a unique appearance due to being a marsupial. They range from two to two and a half feet long, stand at about a foot tall and weigh around a pound and a half. Their heads have long, narrow snouts which end in a pink pointed nose. Their mouths are filled with small sharp teeth and while the animal primarily eats plants and fruit, it will also eat insects, small reptiles, birds, and mammals. The rest of their faces are then dominated by two large and obvious black eyes which can see in the dark, along with two rounded ears. The rest of their bodies are slim in build, with four legs ending in small pink five-fingered hands tipped with sharp claws which help them to climb. Their body mechanics are well built for this as well, with strong legs to help them jump and maneuver themselves upward. Their bodies end in a generally hairless or thinly haired tail which is very strong. While some younger Possums can use this limb to hang themselves upside down from branches, fully mature Possums are too heavy. The majority of the animal is covered in a layer of thin dark brown to dark grey hair which helps give them camouflage in the dark evening underbrush. Their undersides, in comparison, are usually cream or white colored which is also where their telltale body pouch is found.
The Daendroque Possum has limited diversity. Males and females exist in equal numbers, in equal sizes while their pelt coloration are not tied to region or any yet known mechanic. The only difference between the genders exists in females having pouches for childbirth though these are rarely obvious.
Life Span and Development
Daendroque Possums have a unique development cycle, being marsupials. Conceived of and being born in their mother's body pouch, baby Possums (called possumlings) suckle from their mother's teats, located inside of the pouch. They can be born in groups as large as a dozen, but are usually smaller. After two to three months, the possumlings will leave the pouch and enter the wider world permanently, proceeding to learn from their mother how to hunt and sleep. It is also during this early period of child and teenagehood when Possums can hang upside down by their tails, which they seem to do as a sort of game or for fun. At the age of one, they will have fully matured both mentally and physically. Additionally, Possums leave their mother once they have reached this stage to set out on their own. They can live for ten to fifteen years.
Mental Overview
The Daendroque Possum possesses one of the more interesting animal mentalities in Aloria due to their unique body mechanics. While not weak animals by any means, the animal has developed the ability to "play dead," which is to say suddenly flop onto the ground, roll its lips back to show off its teeth, foam lightly at the mouth, and produce a rather unpleasant scent. This usually lasts no longer than two to four minutes and might explain why the Altalar ignored the animal for so long, confusing or ignoring the animal with a carcass. While in this state, the Possum is helpless and usually only engages in such an action when it senses the approach of a larger predator. In this state, they are usually ignored or picked up to be eaten later, sometimes resulting in a surprise when the animal starts to wriggle and claw in their captor's mouth. Additionally, when in the mating season, confronted by predators of a similar size or faced by a predator not buying the "playing dead," Possums can hiss quite loudly, usually much louder in the beginning before increasing their pitch sharply, performing what amounts to a squeal.
Aside from this mentality, Possums are generally harmless. They are omnivorous and nocturnal, avoiding contact with urban and even rural settlement regions unless driven to do so by hunger. They cannot be domesticated as they lack the mentality for it. Among their own kind, Daendroque Possums are very caring. While tensions between males certainly increases during the mating season, and a tussling pair can roll through the underbrush for several minutes, females show great caring toward their children, even once they have left her pouch. She will search for any possumlings which have escaped her pouch or care, and go so far as to forgo fainting and immediately attack anything threatening her young.
Territory and Groupings
Daendroque Possums are solitary creatures which exist in tiny local territories of several hundred square feet. They are not territorial in regards to defined borders between these territories, but their dens are off-limits to others of their kind unless it is the mating season. These dens and burrows are usually reused from other animals, as the Possum lacks sophisticated digging skills.
 - Despite not actively hanging upside down on their tails, Possums are usually depicted in artwork to do so because of the compositional uniqueness it offers compared to most other animals.
 - A pair of tussling Daendroque Possums is a classic symbol in Daendroque political culture to represent the Daendroque struggle against the restrictions and limitations of official bodies like the Regalian Empire.
 - Possumlings are fawned over as being the epitome of cuteness due to their small size, high pitched squeaks, and ability to hang upside down. Unfortunately, anyone who gets close enough to handle or see this usually finds themselves attacked shortly afterward by an irate mother.
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Processors BillyTheScroofy, AlphaInsomnia, SupremeCripple
Last Editor HydraLana on 01/20/2019.
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Kelimutu Volcano – Kelimutu, Indonesia - Atlas Obscura
Kelimutu Volcano
Kelimutu, Indonesia
Three wildly colorful calderas top this otherworldly volcano chain.
Lakes, volcanoes, and colors are all on impressive display at the Kelimutu Volcano, an otherworldly series of geologic cauldrons that hold lakes of startling brilliance.
50 miles from the town of Moni on the Indonesian Island of Flores is Kelimutu Volcano and its three summit craters containing their three lakes. The westernmost of the lakes, Tiwu Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People), is blue, while Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Young Men and Maidens) is green, and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanged Lake) is red, the latter two separated only by a crater wall.
Historically, the lakes have been the source of minor phreatic eruptions from the 1639 meter high Kelimutu volcano. In addition to being three different colors, the lakes' color varies on a periodic basis, likely due to chemical reactions from the minerals in the lake triggered by volcanic gas activity, but no thorough studies have as yet been performed. That the three lakes are of the same volcano and are at the same crest, yet have different colors, is incredibly rare and of extreme interest to geologists.
The Kelimutu Volcano is one of nature's most stunning displays of color and chemistry and has attracted a number of photographers and tourists over the years. So long as it never erupts, this candy-colored mountain is just a gentle giant.
Know Before You Go
Moni is a four-hour drive from the Maumere airport or a three-hour drive from the Ende airport.


text:
Posted: June 12th, 2012 | Author: Giandra | Filed under: Economics, Human Rights | Tags: economic benefits migration, philippines, social cost migration
In the hospitality industry and other service sectors in the western hemisphere, you are prone to find a Filipino working. You may ask yourself why there are so many working abroad. In 2009 alone, 8.9 million Filipinos citizens worked abroad.
Migration is not a new phenomenon in the Filipino history. According to Dante A. Ang, Chairman of the Commission on Filipinos Overseas, the Filipino organized migration started already in 1906 when agricultural labor was needed on Hawaii. The elite were also granted admission in the United States as scholars during this same period. After the Second World War, the second group of organized Filipinos migrated. Veterans who served in the US military, together with their families, had the opportunity to migrate to the US. The third and current group of migrates started in the 1970's when the Middle East experienced the oil boom and simultaneously, the Philippines was experiencing its strongest unemployment rate.
According to statistics of the Bangko Sentral NG Pilipinas and ASEAN Leaflet, over 2010, almost 10% of the GDP was created by remittances. In 2011 $ 20,116,992 thousand US dollars was sent as remittance. The first quarter of 2012 has seen a 5.4% growth on a year to date basis. The top five destinations to migrate are Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait and the United States. Nevertheless these are not the destinations that yield the most remittance. More than forty million US dollars comes from the Unites states, followed by Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom.
A question that might arise is; why do people migrate? The main reason for people to migrate is the high unemployment rate and low salaries available in the country. Unemployment rate since 2000 has been between 11.7% down to its current 7.2% according to ASEAN Statistics leaflet 2011 and Indexmundi. When compared to its neighbor Malaysia, which is at a rate of 3.7%, it becomes even clearer that the unemployment issue in the country is alarming. In addition to this, a decline in the agriculture sector has also lead to an increase in rural Filipinos to pursuit work overseas.
Even though there are many economic benefits to migrate, the social cost of migration should not be forgotten. One concept that directly comes to mind is brain drain. Filipino professionals migrate in pursuit of a better living, leaving behind the country with unskilled and uneducated workers.
One special group that is vulnerable to migration is children. The Division of Policies and Practice of UNICEF has recognized several indicators affecting children as consequences of migration. These indicators are increase in juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, psycho-social maladjustments, loss of self-esteem, early marriages, teenage pregnancies, and family breakdown among the children of migrants. In this same report, is mentioned that remittances have a positive influence on the level of education and health of children left behind. In contrast, a study by Estrella Mai Dizon-Anonuevo Executive Director at Atikha Inc. explains that there is growing disinterest among children to pursuit a higher education. This is caused by children who see relatives work in service overseas and receive a much higher salary than professionals who stay in the country.
On family level, another concern that is also present is alienation or estrangement of relations. Communication with overseas relatives is difficult and in many times, both parents and children do not confide their true feelings to each other. Both think that sharing negative feelings and thoughts will form a burden to the oversea relative. This creates distancing over time, not to mention the number of divorces that occur. Anonuevo continues by also mentioning strong parent dependence for consumerism and gender inequality.
It is important to realize that the problems do not stay only on the country of origin. Children who migrate with their parents are also faced with difficulties with education in the new country. Not to forget discrimination by the host community. Additionally, the host country will face creation of minority groups.
On the other hand, there are benefits for the receiving country as well. A brain drain from the Philippines becomes a brain gain for the receiving country. In addition, migrants usually receive the jobs that locals do not want to perform. According to the Institute of Migration and Development Issues the majority of female overseas employees are service workers, while the male are production workers.
In my opinion, the problem of migration will not decrease shortly and it should not, since the economy is so reliant on remittances. However, there are many actions that can be taken from the different stakeholders to alleviate the social cost of migration. The indicators that I have mentioned are only a few, and much more research should be carried out by NGO's and the government to see what other aspects are there to be addressed. In the meanwhile the government should foster entrepreneurship among the youth and teach them how to save.
There are many regulations in place to protect overseas workers; however, the government should also start shifting to a more job creating economy. Reports by different organizations such as UNICEF, Atikha and the Commission on Filipinos Overseas are available for the government to refer to.
Migrant workers should make use of the governmental and non-governmental organizations that focus in helping them. Finally, they should focus on family unification and saving aswell.


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Magni, Carlo Alberto (2000): Irr, Roe and Npv: Formal and Conceptual Convergences in a Systemic Approach. Published in: Finanza marketing e produzione, Vol. 4, No. 18 (December 2000): pp. 31-59.
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In capital budgeting, the internal rate of return (IRR) criterion and the net present value (NPV) criterion are considered incompatible in several cases. A longstanding debate developed in past years about the reliability of either method is still an issue of investigation (see, for example, Promislow and Spring, 1996). This paper shows that, employing a systemic perspective, the two models are actually always consistent. Methodologically, the idea is, so to say, accounting-flavoured: it consists of focusing on stocks as well as on flows. In particular the investor's wealth is represented as a financial dynamic system (graphically described by double-entry sheets) and attention is drawn to initial and terminal positions of the system. The equivalence of the IRR and the NPV methods extends to the use of the ROE. An illustrative example is presented where the two alternatives "accept" and "reject" differently reverberate on the system and its terminal position. The comparison between the two alternative terminal positions may equivalently be expressed in terms of the system's IRR or the system's NPV. The systemic approach naturally originates a new definition of residual income, the Systemic Value Added, which is radically different from the standard models (e.g. EVA). The Systemic Value Added (SVA) paradigm is drawn from two different evolutions of the investor's financial system: one relates to the net income in case the project is accepted at time 0, the other one relates to the counterfactual net income that would be obtained from the system if, at time 0, funds were invested in the alternative course of action. It is shown that the sum of the SVAs leads to the Net Final Value with no need of compounding, contrary to the standard residual income.
[An English translation of the section introducing the SVA is provided at the end of the original paper]


text: Occupational medicine is a rapidly expanding and professionals in this field will continue to increase in demand in the coming years, as more and more individuals become employed. Individuals wishing to work in this field can get the knowledge needed through training and gaining experience in the workplace, but not having formal education could violate the requirements of competence that are essential in most aspects of health and safety legislation. Local occupational medicine physicians deal with managing the health of workers and their are several programs within this field that deal with health laws and policy. General requirements for a career in this field consists of having a diploma in occupational medicine, Associateship of the Faculty Occupational Medicine (AFOM), Members of the Faculty (MFOM), and Fellowship of the Faculty (FFOM). Someone only wishing to practice in their careers part time may only be required to have a diploma in occupational medicine, which only provides a basic level of information in the field. Part time practitioners are able to display a core knowledge of practices and theories. Students wishing to obtain certification needed in this field can usually do so at local universities through residency programs. These students are given hands on training where they learn how to lead in their field, and focus on keeping workers healthy. This is done by making sure the environment in which workers work are safe for the health of the workers. This includes evaluating the chemical, social, and physical environment of workers.


Home Durable Labels • The Layers of a Custom Durable Label
The Layers of a Custom Durable Label
Durable Labels
Showing DomeLabels and TUFFLabels
Durable labels, the ones that last on your product for years, are custom created from combinations of different special materials.
Liner is not technically part of the label, but it is very important to the end product. Liner has to be strong enough to hold the substrate, ink layers, and dome or laminate, and still stay flat and smooth so there are no creases or folds, which can cause visible flaws in the finished label.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive has already been applied to the underside of the label substrate as tiny glue bubbles. Rubbing over the top of the finished label warms and softens it, and the pressure helps the bubbles to pop, they melt together to glue the label in place. The thickness and strength of the adhesive determines how permanent the label is.
Substrate is the base of the label and is usually a polyester, vinyl, polypropylene or polycarbonate material. Substrates can be colored, white, clear, metallic or reflective, the universal similarity is they are all capable of being printed on. Ink (or Print) goes on top of the substrate. The print layer defines the label as yours, because your unique artwork is placed here.
Once printing is finished, the label will be laminated or domed.
On a laminated label, the laminate is sealed to the top of the printed substrate, then the labels are cut and the excess material is removed leaving your custom shaped labels.
For a dome label, the printed substrate is cut and the excess material is removed leaving the individual shape of your label. Then a liquid polyurethane substance flows onto each label (the edge of the cut label acts like a tiny wall to stop the polyurethane from running over). The polyurethane cures and hardens creating a curved dome surface which gives your artwork a three-dimensional look.
Your one-of-a-kind label is custom created from start to finish.
For more information go to _URL_
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text:
Jamaica's most important export crop is sugarcane, from which rum and molasses are also made. The nation's other agricultural exports include the famed Blue Mt. coffee, bananas, citrus fruits, and yams. Most of these crops are grown on large plantations. Small farms also produce ginger, cocoa, pimento, ackee, chickens, and goats. Mining is a major source of wealth; since large, easily accessible deposits of bauxite were discovered in 1942, Jamaica has become one of the world's leading suppliers of this ore. Along with the alumina made from it, bauxite accounts for almost half of Jamaica's foreign exchange.
Tourism, centered on the north coast, is the biggest earner of exchange. Among Jamaica's internationally known resort areas are Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, and Negril. Clothing constitutes the chief export item of the manufacturing sector. Jamaica's other industries (mainly concentrated in the Kingston area) include oil refining, sugar and tobacco processing, flour milling, and the production of rum, metal, paper, chemicals, and telecommunications equipment. Since the late 1960s industry has generated a greater share of the national income than agriculture. Remittances from Jamaicans working abroad are also a major source of income. The United States and Canada, Jamaica's top trading partners, also provide much-needed capital for economic development.
More on Jamaica Economy from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Caribbean Political Geography


Connect to your data
To be effective as a data science tool, RapidMiner Studio has to first connect to your data.
 - If the data is in a file on your computer, RapidMiner Studio has to read the file format.
 - If the data is in a database, RapidMiner Studio has to connect to that database, and know the language of that database (SQL / NoSQL).
 - If the data is in the cloud, RapidMiner Studio has to connect to the cloud service and know its API.
 - If the data is imported from or exported to another software tool, for example Python or Tableau, RapidMiner Studio has to know about that tool.
 - If the connection is via a proxy or a self-signed SSL certificate, RapidMiner Studio has to navigate that hurdle.
The good news is that RapidMiner Studio supports a wide range of file formats, databases, cloud services, and other software tools, either natively or via extensions.
Connection Objects
The concept of a connection object was introduced in RapidMiner Studio 9.3.
You can convert your legacy connections into connection objects.
When the connection to your data occurs over a network, you must first create a connection object. A connection object enables the connection to a database, cloud, or email service. All connection objects are stored in a repository, in the Connection Folder Icon Connections subfolder.
From now on, we'll simply call them connections, remembering however that they have similarities to other objects in the repository. You can, for example, drag a database connection into the Process Panel to Retrieve it, before connecting the output to the Read Database Operator.
To create a connection, right-click on the Connection Folder Icon Connections folder, and select Create Connection Icon Create Connection. The Create connection dialog opens, and you can configure your connection. If you're connecting to an SQL database:
 1. Choose the Connection Type (DB Connection Icon Database), Repository (where the connection will be stored) and Connection Name.
 2. Press Create Connection Icon Create and the Edit Connection dialog opens.
 3. Under the Setup tab, select the Database System and fill in User, Password, Host, Port, and (optionally) the Database name.
 4. Press Test Connection Icon Test connection. Once it's working, Save IconSave the connection. The connection will appear in the Connection Folder Icon Connections subfolder of the repository you selected in step (1).
You can view the connection details at any time by double-clicking on the connection in the Repository Panel, or by right-clicking on the connection and choosing Open Icon Open or Open Icon Edit.
Injected parameters: sharing connections
Connection objects can be shared.
Suppose that a group of users has access to the same database, and they collaborate on RapidMiner Server. Can they share the database connection, without sharing their usernames and passwords? The answer is yes!
The solution is to build the connection as a template, where all the common parameters are pre-filled, and all the parameters unique to each user are injected. The values of the injected parameters are not stored in the connection object, but retrieved from an external source every time the connection is used. Possible external sources include macros and secure storage on RapidMiner Server.
To create a connection in a RapidMiner Server repository, or to copy a connection to a RapidMiner Server repository, a user has to belong to the connection manager group. See Sharing and permissions.
In outline, assuming the database credentials will be securely stored on RapidMiner Server, the whole process of using a connection template might proceed as follows. We'll call the user with the connection manager role the admin.
 1. Within RapidMiner Studio, the admin creates a connection in a RapidMiner Server repository. While it's possible to create a connection in a local repository, that connection will only provide macros as an injection source.
 2. While editing the connection, the admin presses the button Inject Parameters Icon Set injected parameters and selects the parameters whose values will be left blank until later (e.g. User and Password). The admin must also choose RapidMiner Server as the source of the injected values.
 3. To set the injected values, a user must connect to the web interface of RapidMiner Server. Either click the link displayed in the Edit connection dialog
 or connect directly to the web interface, then navigate to Repository > Connections, and identify the connection by name. A warning says: This connection has missing values. The user clicks the link, fills in his or her own username and password, and presses the button Save in RapidMiner Server, where the credentials are securely saved. Step (3) needs to be repeated by each individual user.
For more details, read the RapidMiner Server documentation Create connections and Usage and injection.
Macros as a source of injected parameters
Within RapidMiner Studio, using values from process macros for your connection settings is immediately possible. When editing a connection, press Inject Parameters Icon Set injected parameters and choose which parameters should get values from macros. The macro name then needs to match the parameter key to be able to inject that value. The parameter key can be found in the information next to the parameter.
Configuration for the macro source is optional. Without configuring a prefix, the macro name has to match the parameter key. If the prefix for the configuration is given, the macro name has to match the prefix followed by an underscore (_), ending with the parameter key. For the prefix myprefix the parameter key user would require the macro name
The macro that should be used will be shown when setting injection, as well as in the view and edit dialogs themselves.
Use this for your macro to properly inject it into the connection.
Placeholders can be used inside any configuration parameter's value to reference other parameters. It is possible to concatenate placeholders and free text. Nesting of placeholders is not supported.
Since the syntax for placeholders is the same as for macros, it is important to make the context clear:
 - The context for macros is processes.
 - The context for placeholders is connections.
A placeholder can access parameter values from the current tab as well as from any other tab. To find out the key of a field you want to reference via placeholder in a different field, look at the information tooltip of the original field. The Full key is what you're looking for:
To use this placeholder in another field, simply reference the full key in the other field by surrounding it with a percentage sign (%) and curly brackets ({}), like this:
If a placeholder cannot be resolved, it is simply replaced with an empty string, but still counts as an injected value and will not fail the process execution.
The JDBC based database connections use this mechanism to create the URL from the parameters.
Without parameter information the URL consists of several placeholders and a double colon. By setting the parameters these values are replaced.
Use the placeholder system exactly like this to configure dynamic parameter values.


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Here are Big Dave's 5 Nuggets of Knowledge for your Noggin' on this Thursday – April 21st, 2022. Let's learn something together:
- There's a term for anger provoked by difficult-to-open packaging: Wrap Rage. It's been around for about 20 years.
- The poop emoji and the vanilla ice cream cone emoji are identical shapes. The only differences are that the poop is brown, it has eyes and a mouth, and it doesn't have a cone on the bottom.
- If you break wind when you're naked, it can actually spread germs in the air and could contaminate food that's nearby. As long as you're wearing clothes, they filter the germs so you'll be safe letting 'er rip.
- When you earn a Ph.D. in Finland, you don't just get a diploma, you also get a hat and a SWORD. The Doctors Sword is "a symbol for the scientist's fight for what he or she, in rigorous research, has found to be good, right and true."
- "Taser" is an acronym for "Thomas Swift and His Electric Rifle." Tom Swift is a fictional character from a line of kids' science fiction books who was a technological genius.
Be sure to share one or more of these 5 Nuggets of Knowledge for your Noggin' with your family, friends & coworkers at some point today!


text:
Aviation Terms->Controlled Airspace
Aviation term used to describe airspace in which ATC has the authority to control air traffic, the level of which varies with the different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace is established mainly for three different reasons: 1- high-volume air traffic areas (e.g. near airports), 2- IFR traffic under ATC guidance, 3- security. According to the airspace classes set by ICAO, Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace are controlled. It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.


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Uraninite is a uranium-rich mineral with a composition that is largely UO2 (uranium dioxide), but which also contains UO3 and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earths. It is most commonly known in the variety pitchblende (from pitch, because of its black color, and blende, a term used by German miners to denote minerals whose weight suggested metal content, but whose exploitation was, at the time they were named, either impossible or not economically feasible). All uraninite minerals contain a small amount of radium as a radioactive decay product of uranium; it was in pitchblende from the Jáchymov (then also known as Joachimsthal) in Czechoslovakia that Marie Curie discovered radium. Uraninite also always contains small amounts of the lead isotopes, Pb-206 and Pb-207, the end products of the decay series of the uranium isotopes U-238 and U-235 respectively. Small amounts of helium are also present in uraninite as a result of alpha decay. Helium was first discovered on Earth in uraninite after previously being discovered spectroscopically in the Sun's atmosphere. The extremely rare element technetium can be found in uraninite in very small quantities (about 0.2 ng/kg), produced by the spontaneous fission of uranium-238.
Uraninite is a major ore of uranium. An important occurrence of pitchblende is at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada, where it is found in large quantities associated with silver. Some of the highest grade uranium occurrences in the world occur in the Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan. It also occurs in Australia, Germany, England, and South Africa, and in New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico in the United States.


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The social and environmental implications of plantations in the CDM are analysed under a hypothetical laissez faire approach and a proactive approach to sustainable development (SD), bounded by existing COP7 agreements and efficency and equity considerations. Implications for timber rich, timber depleted and inherently timber poor regions are assessed. The social risks of industrial plantations cannot fully addressed under COP7 rules and are likely to be highest in timber rich regions under repressive regimes or wherre politics dominate the forestry sector. Risk could, however, be reduced through minimum standards for stakeholder consultation and favourable legal institutions. Low cost opportunities with multiple benefits exist and require information dissemination, but some opportunities for biodiversity benefits will need financial support. Reduction of transaction costs would increase the participation of small holder plantations but their role is likely to remain limited. Inclusion of assisted natural regeneration opens up opportunities for options with multiple benefits.
Topic: Kyoto Protocol,clean development mechanism,plantations,afforestation,development,sustainability,environmental factors
Publication Year: 2002
Source: International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 2(3/4): 322-343


text:
Tydskrif vir Letterkunde
versión impresa ISSN 0041-476X
DEDEREN, Jean-Marie. Between women: the subtle voice of femininity in children's stories. Tydskr. letterkd. [online]. 2012, vol.49, n.2, pp. 72-88. ISSN 0041-476X.
The purpose of this essay is to illustrate and explore the representation of women in a selection of eight African children's stories from Vhembe, in the Limpopo Province. The discussion is shaped primarily by the shared knowledge of the female elders who provided the narratives and participated in their analysis. The argument put forward is plain and simple: storytelling is one of many stratagems by means of which rural women-far from being passive spectators, nor willing consumers of a patriarchal world view-have created an autonomous physical and symbolic space for themselves, in opposition to the "stronger sex". By combining anthropological analysis with indigenous exegesis, it was established that some of the selected narratives reveal the voices of women's "protest", the nature of which is subtle and understated rather than rebellious or subversive.
Palabras llave : children's stories; feminine discourse; rural women's narratives; Vhembe region; women's protest.


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Over the past decade, there has been a significant transformation in the way principals interact with teachers. Principals are no longer just managers, they are also instructional leaders. More and more, they visit classrooms throughout the school year to gather data about teacher practice and student learning in order to improve student outcomes.
Principals are also learning how to support teachers in their practice and professional growth instead of just evaluating them. This kind of support can take many different forms:
- Enlisting the help of an instructional coach
- Structuring reflective conversations
- Offering time for professional learning communities (PLCs)
- Planning and providing professional development opportunities
- Giving targeted feedback
One support in particular, targeted feedback, is a way to help teachers immediately shift their teaching practice to improve student outcomes. For the past 13 years, our experts at the Center for Educational Leadership have helped instructional leaders from across the country give helpful, targeted feedback.
So what exactly is targeted feedback and when would you choose this support?
Think about a piano player who plays a song for his teacher, but can't seem to reach one note located higher on the keyboard. The teacher can help her student in different ways: she could have a reflective conversation with him about why he thinks he cannot reach that note. She could send the student to a training that talks about how piano players can reach high notes. Or the teacher could tell the piano player right after he plays the section of that song what he could do to reach the higher note. Ideally, the teacher would want to provide this kind of feedback immediately so the piano player changes this part of his practice. The sooner the actionable feedback after an observation, the better (Wiggins, 2012). This last example illustrates what targeted feedback looks like.
When working with teachers, targeted feedback is direct, specific and tied to an agreed upon instructional practice improvement goal. This kind of feedback builds on the strengths of teachers and is based upon the mutual understanding and agreement established with teachers about the kind of feedback they can expect.
Teachers self-assess using student data and their own instructional practice data about what they would like to focus on within their classroom practice. They have the opportunity to discuss this self-assessment with their principal, so the principal can understand the teacher's goals, needs and intentions. While visiting the classroom, principals help teachers move to the next step in their practice by knowing how to better diagnose what they are on the verge of being able to do based on this specific focus.
Let's move to a sample scenario that illustrates this kind of feedback:
Your school has decided to focus on how to improve mathematical discourse for students based on formative and summative data. A teacher has self-assessed her practice and observes how several of her students struggle with communicating mathematical ideas. You visit her math classroom with this look-for in mind. After discussing the visit and understanding this specific teacher's needs, you decide to engage in a targeted feedback cycle specifically around her "turn and talk" structures.
During the classroom visit you notice that the teacher tries to ask higher-level questions, but the questions are too general for the students to engage with each other on a deeper level. You suggest having her ask questions that are more tightly connected to her daily learning target.
Using evidence from this classroom visit, you give her this targeted feedback and the next time you come to her classroom, she has implemented this change. You end this cycle with a conversation about the impact of this change in practice and on her students.
Notice, you are not providing feedback to the teacher isolated from a larger conversation. Nor are you telling this teacher about a professional development session she could attend. You realize that she is almost able to do something in her teaching practice. By providing evidence-based, specific, strengths-based and timely feedback, she can make this change immediately.
Teaching is a sophisticated endeavor. Targeted feedback is one lever instructional leaders can use to grow teaching practice. As one of our partner teachers described after being asked about how targeted feedback cycles worked with her principal: "I actually find it [feedback] really helpful. She is really coaching my practice, not my lesson."