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Genetics and Sociality
Researchers show in the journal "PNAS" how friends can relieve stress
Social support from family and friends is one of the most powerful protective factors against stress-related diseases - from heart attacks to depression. Prof. Markus Heinrichs, Professor of Biological Psychology at the University of Freiburg, demonstrated in 2003 for the first time in humans that the neurohormone oxytocin plays a central role in both the control of stress and the stress-reducing effect of social support. He has also shown in a series of studies that oxytocin administered as a nasal spray increases trust and empathy for others and therefore has therapeutic potential for a range of mental disorders.
But could the oxytocin system also help explain why support from close friends and family has very different effects on individuals?
In the current issue of the prestigious scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the Freiburg psychologists and neuroscientists Prof. Markus Heinrichs, Dr. Frances S. Chen, Dr. Robert Kumsta, and Dr. Bernadette von Dawans, together with the researchers Prof. Richard P. Ebstein and Dr. Mikhail Monakhov of the National University of Singapore, examined for the first time genetic modulation of social support's effectiveness during stress through variants of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). The hormonal and subjective stress responses of 200 adults to a standardized social stress test were studied; half of the sample was asked to bring a close friend for support. "The presence of a friend during preparation for the test reduced stress in most people; interestingly, however, the group of people carrying a particular variant of the oxytocin receptor gene did not benefit from the support" said Frances S. Chen. For Markus Heinrichs, these results have far-reaching consequences for current research on new therapeutic approaches: "The 'psychobiological therapy' we are currently developing involves a completely new combination of oxytocin and psychotherapy for mental disorders involving social deficits – here, it is of great relevance to understand how 'sensitive' this system is in different patients."
Chen, F.S.*, Kumsta, R.*, von Dawans, B., Monakhov, M., Ebstein, R.P. & Heinrichs, M. (2011). Common oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism and social support interact to reduce stress in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), in press. (* shared first authorship)
Prof. Dr. Markus Heinrichs
Department of Psychology
University of Freiburg


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DURHAM, N.C., Jan. 17 (UPI) -- A new kind of sensor could be more efficient, versatile and cheaper to use in airport security scanners and collision avoidance systems, U.S. developers say.
Researchers at Duke University reported in the journal Science a new manmade metamaterial that can act as a lens to image scenes using fewer components than conventional detectors.
Using this metamaterial means additional equipment needed for conventional detector systems -- like lenses, mechanical positioners and data storage or transmission devices -- are not required, they said.
The material, a thin laminate with row-upon-row of tiny squares etched onto copper, each tuned to a different frequency of light, is flexible and durable enough to be attached to a wall, wrapped around corners or even laid on the floor like a rug, making it an inexpensive alternative for a variety of sensing applications, the researchers reported.
The system works with microwave light and produces two-dimensional images.
"By taking advantage of the unique properties of these metamaterials, we were able to create a system capable of microwave imaging without lenses or any moving parts," Duke graduate student John Hunt said.
Unlike current imaging systems that must move a single sensing device with a small aperture to scan an object or a person, the new device can scan the entire field at once, resulting in faster and more efficient screening, the researchers said.
"Using conventional systems such as airport security cameras or collision-detection devices, you have to wait for a scan to complete before you can see an image, while the new system can scan an entire range at once," Hunt said.
|Additional Science News Stories|
ABUJA, Nigeria, May 25 (UPI) --The Nigerian army says it destroyed camps used by Islamist militants to coordinate attacks against communities in northeastern regions of the country.
JAKARTA, May 25 (UPI) --South Korean pop star Psy will perform in Indonesia at a concert celebrating diplomatic ties between the two countries, his management agency said Saturday.
COLOGNE, Germany, May 25 (UPI) --An Apple-1 computer, which sold for $666 when it debuted in 1976, sold for a record $671,400 Saturday at auction in German, the auctioneer said.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Agates and sapphires are Montana's two official gemstones. Although agates occur worldwide, dendritic agates from the Yellowstone Valley are highly valued for their unusual figurations. Often called moss agates, the interiors of these stones reveal startlingly realistic mini-landscapes when correctly cut and polished.
Agates are made when gases form bubbles within cooling igneous strata. These cavities are slowly filled with water carrying a silica solution tinted with mineral traces, usually iron. As the silica hardens, it forms regular bands of color of varying intensity. Successive layers of colored silica are laid down within the cavity. As the overlying rock is eroded, the nodes of agate are freed from their setting.
Moss agates are different from banded, or riband, agates because of the presence of plumelike formations within the stone. Small fractures allow the penetration of minute amounts of waterborne minerals into the silica node, which forms treelike or featherlike apparitions in the translucent stone as it hardens. Combined with bands of color within the agate, these formations make landscape images of trees and sunsets, or trees along a lakeside. The verisimilitude of moss agates can be uncanny.
These agates, often called picture agates, occur almost exclusively in the Yellowstone Valley between the mouth of the Bighorn River and the Missouri. Why this should be so is a matter of speculation. As the Bighorn, Tongue, and Powder Rivers drain a common area of Wyoming, some theories propose that the agates formed in volcanic ash and lava beds near the watersheds of these rivers and later washed downstream to the Yellowstone. This explanation seems rational, but no appropriate igneous formations have been found in Wyoming.
If you know what you are looking for, agates are not hard to find, but it takes a trained eye to spot them in the rough. Only if they are scuffed or broken do they reveal their translucent interior; otherwise they are a dirty yellow-white.
Agate hunting is a favorite pastime for many locals, and many shops carry baskets of cut agates or agate jewelry for those who are not willing to hunt for their own. The same locals and shopkeepers are usually willing to lend advice to novice agate hunters. The best agate-hunting seasons are early spring and midsummer, when snowpack runoff scours out the gravel beds. Inquire at the local chamber of commerce to find out if there are guided agate-hunting tours. Just be sure not to cross private property without permission.


Survivorship Capabilities of Environmental and Clinical Pantoea Isolates
DSpace/Manakin Repository
Show simple item record Pettit, Maggi Stavrinides, John 2011-04-21T21:40:21Z 2011-04-21T21:40:21Z 2011-04-02
dc.description.abstract Bacteria are found in almost all environments, and have adapted to withstand the conditions within their environment. For human pathogens this is especially important since they have to be able to adapt to a variety of very harsh conditions, inside and outside of their host, in order to survive. The genus Pantoea is a group of Gram negative bacilli that are found in plants, animals and soil, and have been found to be opportunistic pathogens. A study of the survivorship capabilities of 97 Pantoea and closely related isolates was conducted, representing 63 environmental and 31 clinical isolates. Desiccation resistance, ability to grow at varying pHs, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance were evaluated for all strains to determine the survivorship potential of each strain. Biofilm was shown to be positively correlated with environmental strains, while desiccation resistance was dependant on phylogeny. Acidity survival was positively correlated with desiccation resistance for all strains. Antibiotic resistance was much more prevalent in clinical isolates and did not appear to correlate with biofilm formation or desiccation resistance. Understanding the survivorship abilities of each strain will lead to a better understanding of what allows certain species of this genus to infect humans while others do not. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher University of Regina Graduate Students' Association en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries Session 5.4 en_US
dc.subject Pantoea en_US
dc.subject Biofilm en_US
dc.subject Dessication en_US
dc.subject Antibiotic resistance en_US
dc.title Survivorship Capabilities of Environmental and Clinical Pantoea Isolates en_US
dc.type Presentation en_US
dc.description.authorstatus Student en_US
dc.description.peerreview yes en_US
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Advanced Placement Essay Reviews » AP Essay Review: The Onion
||AP Essay Review: The Onion
You read the 2005 AP Prompt containing a selection from The Onion, a satirical publication. The selection presented was a mock advertisement for a company marketing Magna-Soles, the next generation of shoe inserts. The advertisment attempted to persuade consumers to buy Magna-Soles; however, the product is clearly a sham. The Onion's writers mock how companies market products to consumers, exposing their ridiculous methods.
For example, the following are among the varying objects of satire:
- Diction: In particular, scientific-sounding words. The mock ad uses numerous made up words that look and sound impressive but have no meaning. And so many real ads delude consumers through manipulation of words that make their product seem to be more than it is.
- Science: Connected to the above, the mock ad ridicules how men dressed up as scientists lend credibility to products when clearly they are not who they are presented as. Should actors dressed up in lab coats be reason to buy a product?
- Personal Testimonials: Many ads use satisfied consumers--but why should carefully selected testimonials persuade us? Obviously the company will only present testimonials that make the product seem worthwhile. The Onion mocks this process by presenting clearly falsified claims.
- Panacea: A panacea is a cure-all. Apart from providing foot-comfort, did you notice the other benefits of Magna-Soles? They benefit your back--and not only that--they can restimulate dead foot cells. (And you thought only God could raise the dead!) Isn't it absurd how companies present their products as meeting so many of our needs?
- Price: The Onion mocks the low, low price. You could spend thousands of dollars on something that works, or you could spend $20 on Magna-Soles. If Magna-Soles work, then why don't podiatrists go out of business?
Your paragraphs should look like the basic Academic (or Analytical) Paragraph:
CLAIM/OPINION: Identify an object of satire and briefly indicate its purpose.
EVIDENCE: Cite direct evidence, preferably using quotes, from the passage. Use multiple pieces of evidence if available. Quote only what is necessary (words, phrases, etc.). Only quote entire sentences if the full sentence is needed.
EXPLANATION/COMMENTARY: Explain HOW the evidence is satirical. Explain WHY The Onion is satirizing this marketing strategy; in other words, what is so ridiculous about it? Commentary shows your understanding. In this case, you must show that you recognize the satire and its purpose.
STUDENT SAMPLES WITH COMMENTARY:
NOTE: I have color-coded the claim/opinion in red and the commentary/explanation in blue. I have left direct evidence in black.
Testimonials are often used in advertising, and The Onion article uses them as a way to satirize the marketing of this product. This first testimonial, from Helen Kuhn, mentions that she twisted her ankle. When paired with MagnaSoles, her ankle seems to get better. But if anything is known about a twisted ankle, it's that it would be healed far earlier than seven weeks. Normal marketing advertisements use this strategy of testimonials that claim the product works, when really the person would have been fine without it. The article over-exaggerates this as a way to add satire.
COMMENT: This writer recognizes appropriate satire; however, note the vagueness of the claim/opinion: What do the testimonials satirize? Always be specific. Perhaps say: The Onion presents a series of personal testimonials to satirize how marketers use false claims from allegedly "real people" to sell their product. The next area for improvement is the commentary. The point should be more fully developed. The writer should note that the personal testimonials are clearly misrepresentative, underscoring the marketers will (of course) always present claims that make their product seem ideal. You might ask: Why do we even pay attention to testimonials since companies will clearly only use--or create--ones that sell their product? This seems to be what The Onion is satirizing. So, to put it more simply, the writer here should explain WHY The Onion ridiculous overexaggerates here. What are they trying to say about marketers? This paragraph is common to a paper scoring a 4 or 5.
MagnaSoles and their "total foot rejuvenation system" continue to prop their product up on a pedestal of false claims and incorrect facts. "Only MagnaSoles utilize the healing power of crystals to restimulate dead foot cells with vibrational biofeedback...." In attempt to maker their insert more appealing to their audience, they completely misrepresent science. Their facts are just entirely wrong. It isn't possible to "restimulate dead foot cells." Once the cell dies, it cannot be rejuvenated or brought back to life. MagnaSoles then proceeds to say "...a process similar to that by which medicine makes people better." The senses of course can be enhanced, but that was not the claim stated. Cell life can only be renewed through cellular reproduction, not by any other means of exterior motivation.
COMMENT: This paragraph recognizes a beautiful example of satire that many readers miss (caught up, no doubt, in the scientific-sounding words). But note the vagueness of the claim/opinion. Try this: MagnaSoles and their "total foot rejuvenation system" continue to prop their product up on a pedestal of false claims and incorrect facts, which The Onion satirizes through an absurdity hidden behind scientific-sounding words. The added adjective clause indicates HOW the satire is incorporated, giving a more specific claim and understanding for the reader. Next, note that the commentary dwells on the fact that dead cells cannot be brought back to life. Excellent. But the writer should add further commentary explaining how this ridiculous absurdity included by The Onion satirizes marketers IN GENERAL. Remember, this mock advertisement satirizes how products are marketed to consumers. So, the writer should always address how this specific situation reflects a general pattern in real ads. Therefore, talk about how products make exaggerated claims in order to draw in consumers. We've all heard an ad say, "And not only that, but...." This paragraph is common to a paper scoring a 5 or 6.
The first strategy used by The Onion to satirize the product was the use of high profile scientific words that make the products seem more sophisticated and advanced. The article mocks the use of words such as "biomagnetic field," "reflexology," "Terranometry," and "biofeedback." Advertisers use these words words since they sound really scientific and the consumers really don't know what they mean. In reality, these words are just describing functions that every foot insole has. There is a mention of ContourPointstm which make this "new technology seem very advanced and rare since it is patented. This attracts the consumers who chase high end products.
COMMENT: This paragraph has a good, clear specific claim/opinion. Sufficient evidence is presented: Note how a series of words fitting a pattern is cited from different parts of the passage. Good! However, the commentary/explanation should be improved. The writer needs to explain WHY these strategies are ridiculous. WHY does The Onion mock the use of scientific-sounding words and patents? Especially note that the commentary/explanation in regards to the second point is not developed at all. What is so ridiculous about consumers buying products because they have a patent? This paragraph is reflective of a paper scoring a 5.
In the passage, The Onion satirizes people's willingness to believe in well-marketed products even if they are ineffective. For example, a woman named Helen Kuhn is quoted a saying that she had twisted her ankle but after seven short weeks with MagnaSoles was cured. The irony, of course, is that a twisted ankle would normally heal after seven weeks anways, yet Kuhn insists that it was MagnaSoles that healed her, citing the fact that there was no hard evidence against the idea that the power of MagnaSoles healed her to insist it is true. This is indicative of an unintelligent consumer who will believe anything they are told, no matter how ridiculous, if it cannot be proven false--after all, there is no proof that unicorns do not exist, is there? Also mocked is consumers' willingness to believe advertiser's testimonials--a man, Geoff DeAngelis, is quoted as saying that he believes in MagdaSoles because they are "clearly endorsed by an intelligent-looking man in a white lab coat." Though there is no more reason to believe this man based on the information DeAngelis gives than a man wearing a tinfoil hat raving about aliens, because the man appears intelligent DeAngelis automatically assumes what he says is true. This reflects a willingness to believe the authority of an advertiser and disinclination to look deeper into stated facts which are rampant in the consumer base.
COMMENT: This writer clearly recognizes elements of satire and effectively demonstrates an understanding as to WHY The Onion finds such marketing strategies ridiculous, even though they obviously work. Note how the writer uses analogies (unicorns, man raving about aliens) to show the absurdities. One flaw would be in the claim/opinion: What is meant by "even if they are ineffective"? However, the remainder of the paragraph implicitly clarifies what is meant. This paragraph is reflective of a 7. Correcting the minor vagueness and improving compositional skill (some sentences are a bit windy and rough) would move this paragraph to an 8 or 9 score.
Colleyville Heritage High School
5401 Heritage Avenue
Colleyville

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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My InsightCM™ CMS or MMS device is not online. How can I bring the device online?
For steps to bring a CMS or MMS device online, please refer to Troubleshooting Devices That Do Not Come Online.
A CMS or MMS device can fail to come online for several reasons, such as network configuration issues, application image issues, or failure of the device to authenticate itself with the server.The following conditions must be met for a device to come online:
The device must go through the following steps to successfully transition to an online state:
I. The server must be able to resolve the device's IP address. If the IP address is not visible to the server, then network configuration changes must be made to the network or the device's IP address must be changed.
II. The device must be running the InsightCM application. If the device is not running the application, the user can image the device from the server or use the Replication and Deployment Utility.
III. Once the device is running the InsightCM application image, the CMS device must pass several authentication and validation steps. The server sends connection information to the device, which includes the server's IP address and TCP port number. The device and server then perform a handshake to authorize the device. After the device has received authorization, the server then checks for configuration files on the device, which give application image and hardware configuration. The user then configures the device and saves the configuration.
IV. Once the device configurations are saved, the server sends the updated configuration files to the CMS devices, which causes the device to reset. For a detailed description of the connection process, see What is the Connection Process Between the InsightCM Server and CMS Device?
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Native Languages of the Americas: Gros Ventre Legends and Traditional Stories
This is our collection of links to Atsina/Gros Ventre folktales and traditional stories that can be read online.
We have indexed our American Indian legends section
by tribe to make them easier to locate; however, variants on the same
legend are often told by American Indians from different tribes, especially if those tribes are kinfolk or neighbors to
each other. In particular, though these legends come from the Gros Ventre tribe, the traditional stories of
related tribes like the
Arapaho and Cheyenne are very similar.
Enjoy the stories! If you would like to recommend a Gros Ventre legend for this page or think one of the ones on here
should be removed, please contact us and let us know.
Click on each character's name for more detailed information about his or her role in Gros Ventre mythology.
Nihaat (also spelled Nihant, Nixant, and
Nihaat is the spider trickster of the Gros Ventre tribe. It is pronounced nih-hawt or nih-hawt-ah.
Nihaat is an interesting figure-- in some tales he plays the typical trickster/transformer role common to Algonquian tribes, making more or
less benign mischief and shaping the world for the Gros Ventres as he goes. But in other tales, Nihaat is depicted as a more violent, anti-social trickster type
similar to Siouan spider spirits like Iktomi. In any case, the literal meaning of the character's Gros Ventre name is "Spider." It is given as "White Man" in
many older translations, but this is a misleading translation-- the Gros Ventres named white people after the trickster character, not vice versa! It doesn't
literally mean "white."
Ihityebi-Nihaat (also spelled Ixtcibenihehat, Chebbeniathan, and other ways:)
This means "Spider Above" or "Spider of Heaven" in the Gros Ventre language,
and is the Gros Ventre name for the Creator (God,) as distinguished from the earthly Nihaat (see above.) Sometimes the name is translated in English as
"Man Above," since the literal form of a spider is not ascribed to Ihityebi-Nihaat. Some people believe that Nihaat and Ihityebi-Nihaat were originally
the same mythological entity, and split into two figures after trickster legends were borrowed from the Crow and Sioux.
Thunder-bird (Bha'a in the Gros Ventre language.)
A huge bird of prey, common to the mythology of most Plains Indian tribes,who is responsible for creating thunderstorms.
The Gros Ventre considered Thunder-bird a particular benefactor of their tribe, who brought the sacred pipe to the people.
Horned Serpents (Bha'anbi:'itha, Bi'itha or Bi'ithan):
Giant underwater snake monsters, who lurk in lakes and rivers and eat unwary travelers. Although they are dangerous and fearsome
creatures, they were also respected by the Gros Ventres, and were sometimes said to help those who honored them properly.
Bashnobe (also spelled Basnobe or the Big Sand.) This
is not a person but a place. It is the Gros Ventre afterworld.
Although benign races of small magical creatures exist in many Native American tribes, the Little People
of the Gros Ventres are dangerous man-eaters feared by the people. They are said to be about three feet tall, dark-skinned, and
left-handed. Some Gros Ventre people used to leave offerings of animal lungs for the Little People to keep them from becoming
hungry and preying on humans.
By-The-Door and Found-In-Grass:
These mythical twins whose mother was killed by a monster are common to the folklore of many Midwestern and Eastern tribes.
They are generally portrayed as heroic monster-slayers in Gros Ventre legends.
Charred Body, Unknown One, First Creator, and Only Man --
these are not really Gros Ventre legends at all, but Mandan and Hidatsa ones. Sometimes, especially on the Internet, they are mislabeled as Gros Ventre myths,
because the Hidatsas were also called "Gros Ventres" by the early French settlers.


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The SRPP is a controversial circuit. Even its name is not set in stone, as it is called the SRPP, the SEPP, the mu follower, the mu amplifier, the cascoded cathode follower, and the totem-pole amplifier. Interestingly, the name given in the 1940 patent (US 2,310,342) for the circuit is seldom used: a "balanced direct and alternating current amplifier."
At the center of the controversy is two very different interpretations of how the circuit works. This is a bit paradoxical, as the circuit was seen as being quite simple and as having only one accepted explanation of functioning. (In fact, when the circuit appears in Samuel Seely's Electronic Circuits, it shows up at the end of a chapter in the quiz section. The circuit is seen as being so obvious that it is left to the first year electrical engineering student to derive a formula for the circuit's gain as a home work assignment.) In general, the circuit only appeared in mid-century engineering books when the subject was amplifiers whose DC operating points are immune to heater and B+ voltage drift. And seldom was the circuit described as being particularly linear or special. The exception is in Millman & Taub's Pulse and Digital Circuits,McGraw-Hill (1956); in section 3-17, The Totem Pole Amplifier, we read:


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In-Person Early Learning Openings Available
New Horizons Academy is still accepting students, Preschool through Second Grade, for both its Wauseon and Toledo, Ohio campuses. New Horizons Academy's Early Intervention Services include; Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Conductive Education and Behavioral Supports, to serve its' special needs students.
New Horizons Academy plans to hold in-person classes for students, five days a week during the 2020-2021 school year following health department guidelines.
New Horizons Academy's early learning classes focus on foundational skills necessary for your child's future education. Your student's day is filled with a variety of activities that promote skills so that they learn naturally.
Specialized programming allows students to rotate through classes gaining foundational skills. Structured set-up within each room helps develop consistent expectations for your child. In this focused environment they are supported by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) who oversees all aspects of your child's educational growth and development. Our BCBA also supervises our Ohio licensed staff delivering targeted instruction in Language and Literacy, Foundations in Math, Fine Motor and Handwriting, and Play and Social Skills.
Student Supports with Applied Behavior Focus:
- Positive reinforcement for skill acquisition
- Visual schedules and visual supports for expectations and routines
- Differential reinforcement for appropriate behavior
- Modeling skills
- Breaking down skills into small steps
- Data-driven decision making
Our early learning students' days are filled with many activities to promote generalization of skills in a natural way. Children receive instruction focused on:
- Language and Literacy (Including embedded speech services)
- Foundations in Math
- Fine Motor and Hand Writing
- Play and Social Skills
In these classes children complete activities targeting individual needs with the goal of completing independent activities. The second portion of the school day revisits all of the concepts taught in the morning rotations using a more natural, less intense approach such as during specials, circle time, and group games.


Following the child's lead
By Stefanaki Evgenia, SLP, OM, Prompt Bridging Trained
As a speech & language pathologist I have a huge caseload with children with communication disorders. The parents always ask for the best ways to maximize their child's potential. My first and the last advice is "Following the child's lead"
Why do we follow the child's lead?
A child's interests or the child's lead is the window to their emotional life.
Through the child's interests; through the child's natural desires, we get a picture of what is enjoyable; what is joyful; what is pleasurable for that child. For example, a child is staring off at a fan. That seems like something inappropriate and something we want to discourage. But yet something about that is meaningful or pleasurable to the child. The child is rubbing a spot on the floor over and over again. Something that is meaningful or pleasurable about that to the child. The child is opening and closing his door repetitively or aimlessly wandering around the room. So we always start off with asking the question which must be asked: Why is little Maria or George doing that? And to simply say it's because he or she has this or that disorder; that it's due to their autism or due to their Down's Syndrome or due to their "this or that" doesn't answer the question. Little Maria or Giorgos are human beings.
They may have a disorder or a set of problems, but they are not the disorder or set of problems. They are human beings with real feelings and real desires and real wishes.
The goal is to pull the child into a shared world from their world.
Sometimes maybe they can't express or tell us about it, so we have to say from what they are doing if they can't tell us about it? Why does it have meaning for them? So we follow their lead at the entry point because the first goal is to join them in their world, but not stay in their world with them and pull them into a shared world where they are a part of a world with us.
So the goal is to pull the child into a shared world from their world, but we don't want to pull them in screaming and yelling and yipping. We want to pull them in with real warmth and pleasure. We want the child to want to be in the shared world and that's the key.
The first motivation is to join them in their world and show them that you can respect what they are interested in. So if the child is aimlessly wandering around the room and jumping, we wander and jump with the child. The child then experiences a partnership in aimless wandering and jumping. Or we might rub a spot on the floor with them. But, that's one part of the equation – following their lead. If a child is moving a truck, we may move a truck with them. We can put our hand so they can move the truck towards our hand, pretending our hand is a tunnel. But these are all ways of following a child's lead, entering their world to pull them into a shared world. We will see that as a child, instead of looking annoyed or looking irritated or running away from us, starts giving us some friendly looks and some warm smiles and some friendly glances. That's the beginning of that shared world.
Without the child's motivation, you can't go very far.
1. Determine what motivates your child
2. Use sensory information about your child to maintain attention
3. Use affect to keep your child in an activity longer
4. Challenge the child without losing his/her attention
5. Expand your child's play by changing it up
7. Model language in your interactions
9. Include others such as family members or friends in play
10. Join and play alongside your child
SUMMARY: How can I share JOY with my child?
Read More Articles
Evgenia Stefanaki, SLP, OM, has the private practice "All for Speech Center" in Nicosia and is a nationally certified and licensed Speech & Language Pathologist. She is also PROMPT© Bridging trained and holds specialization in orofacial myofunctional therapy. She writes on the blog about speech & language disorders and orofacial disorders.
If you have any questions, feel free to contact us!
Comments are closed.


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Average life span in the wild: 12 years
Size: 21 in (50 cm)
Weight: 14.4 oz (408 g)
Did you know? Chameleons don't change colors to match their surroundings. Each species displays distinct color patterns to indicate specific reactions or emotions.
The Meller's chameleon is the largest of the chameleons not native to Madagascar. Their stout bodies can grow to be up to two feet (two-thirds of a meter) long and weigh more than a pound (one-half kilogram).
Meller's distinguish themselves from their universally bizarre-looking cousins with a single small horn protruding from the front of their snouts. This and their size earn them the common name "giant one-horned chameleon."
They are fairly common in the savanna of East Africa, including Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania. Almost one-half of the world's chameleons live on the island of Madagascar.
As with all chameleons, Meller's will change colors in response to stress and to communicate with other chameleons. Their normal appearance is deep green with yellow stripes and random black spots. Females are slightly smaller, but are otherwise indistinguishable from males.
They subsist on insects and small birds, using their camouflage and a lightning-fast, catapulting tongue, which can be up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) long, to ambush prey.
Exotic pet enthusiasts often attempt to keep Meller's chameleons as pets. However, they are highly susceptible to even the slightest level of stress and are very difficult to care for in captivity. In the wild, they can live as long as 12 years.


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Objectives of the project
Partners, subcontractors, end-users
Results of the study and publications
The EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) takes into account not only rivers and lakes but also estuarine and coastal waters therefore the MANTRA-East project has been extended by adding an estuarine drainage basin located also at Eastern European fringe. This will contribute to a wider geographical approach of the project in which a water basin of different hydrological characteristics (influenced by sea waters) will also be analyzed. Since the Vistula Lagoon is directly connected with the Baltic Sea, it may be a subject of interest to other Baltic Sea countries. The lagoon is subjected to point and non-point sources of nutrient loads so only integrated management would provide successful solutions. The extended part of the project will focus on analysis of existing monitoring systems, long term changes in water quality and biota, and will use modeling tools for assessment of ecological status and forecasts. The participation of end-users from both countries will assure proper dissemination of additional project results.


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« DOE awards Georgia Tech team $600K to advance nanoscale additive manufacturing | Main | Sumitomo Electric concludes joint development agreement with Tongji University on bus priority control system »
Researchers advance concept of "4-D" printing technology using shape memory polymer fibers
22 October 2013
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and Singapore University of Technology and Design have added a "fourth dimension" to additive manufacturing technology, opening up possibilities for the creation and use of adaptive, composite materials in manufacturing, packaging and biomedical applications. The research could help provide a new approach to creating reversible or tunable 3D surfaces and solids in engineering such as the composite shells of complex shapes used in automobiles, aircraft and antennas.
A team led by H. Jerry Qi, associate professor of mechanical engineering at CU-Boulder, and his collaborator Martin L. Dunn of the Singapore University of Technology and Design incorporated shape memory polymer fibers into the composite materials used in conventional 3D printing (additive manufacturing), which results in the production of an object fixed in one shape that can later be changed to take on a new shape.
In this work, the initial configuration is created by 3D printing, and then the programmed action of the shape memory fibers creates time dependence of the configuration—the 4D aspect.—Martin Dunn
The 4D printing concept, which allows materials to self-assemble into 3D structures, was initially proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty member Skylar Tibbits in April of this year. Tibbits and his team combined a strand of plastic with a layer made out of smart material that could self-assemble in water.
We advanced this concept by creating composite materials that can morph into several different, complicated shapes based on a different physical mechanism. The secret of using shape memory polymer fibers to generate desired shape changes of the composite material is how the architecture of the fibers is designed, including their location, orientation and other factors.—Martin Dunn
The team's findings were published last month in the journal Applied Physics Letters. The paper was co-authored by Qi "Kevin" Ge, who joined MIT as a postdoctoral research associate in September.
The fascinating thing is that these shapes are defined during the design stage, which was not achievable a few years ago.—H. Jerry Qi
The CU-Boulder team demonstrated that the orientation and location of the fibers within the composite determines the degree of shape memory effects like folding, curling, stretching or twisting. The researchers also showed the ability to control those effects by heating or cooling the composite material.
Qi says 3D printing technology, which has existed for about three decades, has only recently advanced to the point that active fibers can be incorporated into the composites so their behavior can be predictably controlled when the object is subjected to thermal and mechanical forces.
Ge, Qi and Qi, H. Jerry and Dunn, Martin L. (2013) "Active materials by four-dimension printing", Applied Physics Letters, 103, 131901 doi: 10.1063/_PHONE_
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A Traditional Way to Dry Chestnuts
Katy Runacres
Friday, 8th November 2013
Katy Runacres is researching traditional smallholding methods in Europe. This week she has been exploring drying chestnuts to preserve a valuable crop well into the winter.
Chestnut Production is another smallholding activity which is key to the Swiss region of Ticino and Italy is chestnut harvesting. The Ticino area of Switzerland is heavily influenced from Italy over the border and has more cultural and farming similarities to Italy rather than the rest of Switzerland.
The houses follow the Italian design but I also found it interesting how the smallholding history is so different to other parts of Switzerland. It is known that the poor farmers and smallholders often had to rely on eating vast amounts of produce featuring chestnuts (Castanea sativa) during the winter months as there was not an abundance of other foods.
I have taken some pictures of the chestnut drying shed to explain more. This was a simple design which had a ground fire that produced heat and smoke. This in turn dried chestnuts which were spread on a wooden grate above the fire.
This simple device was vital and would help families store the precious food stuff for longer. Often people would use the dried chestnuts to make bread using chestnut flour mixed with rye flour.
The need for chestnuts as a food supply was also emphasized by the importance placed on each family owning as many chestnut trees as possible. Nowadays, Ticino and Italian dwellers do not have to be as reliant on chestnuts as a commodity, but certain local dining specialities reflect its hard but important smallholding history.
If you would like to discover more about different smallholding methods go to _URL_
Katy is a 24 year old smallholder, blogger and cook. She currently smallholds in Switzerland including keeping chickens, but will return to her native Suffolk, UK later in the year. Katy is a member of the Suffolk and Essex Poultry Club and has a diploma in Countryside Management.
Further resources
Fruit Drying
Drying Squash - the resilient gardener
How To Dry and Store Oyster Mushrooms
The Diet of a Forest Dweller
Build with sweet chestnut trees: Roundwood timber framing with Ben Law
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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis & Resolution
College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies
Robert J. Witheridge
conflict, lesbian, motherhood, narratives, phenomenology, sociopolitical
This study explored the lives of lesbian mothers with children conceived through insemination or the adoption process in an effort to understand the conflicts they encountered along their journey to motherhood and how they managed those conflicts. The qualitative study included in-depth interviews conducted with six participants. The participants' ages ranged between 25-60 years old. Interview results were analyzed to explore participants' narratives in regards to their experiences, relationships, identities and transformation into motherhood. This research highlights significant ongoing developments in the field of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) studies and seeks to intersect the boundaries between interpersonal and sociopolitical conflicts with the phenomena of lesbian-mothered families. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, this research provides a contribution to the interdisciplinary field of conflict resolution with a focus on the central research question: What is the common experience shared among lesbian mothers in their transformation to motherhood? The key findings of this study interrelate with themes of interpersonal conflict, role conflict, and sociopolitical conflict. The conclusions contribute to the field of conflict analysis and resolution, expand upon recent developments on LGBT family systems, and suggest new areas for further examination from the perspective of conflict analysis scholarship.
Melissa Miller-Munoz. 2016. Motherhood redefined: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of lesbian mothers and the sociopolitical conflicts that shape their narratives. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. (51)


note tilly Several of these changes look like they are moving more towards like Ruby and Python today. Some of the automatic dereferencing things make me wonder whether Larry is toying with changing Perl's copy-by-value on assignment rule as well. What do I mean by that? Well in Perl 5 if you say: $foo = $bar; a new value is made of $bar and copied into $foo. If I later say: $foo.= $baz; then $foo is modified in place. By contrast in Ruby if you say: foo = bar; you copy by reference. So later on if you say: foo += baz that expands to: foo = foo + baz; and you create a new string and copy a reference of that to foo. To get the fast in-place modification you have to instead try: foo << baz; which will also modify bar. Anyways if Perl changed this basic semantic, here is what would be affected: You save memory. Copying data speeds up. Incrementally building large strings slows down unless you provide an operator for it with explicit side-effects. Subroutines that expect to change their arguments by reference would be hard to rewrite from Perl 5 to Perl 6. Does anyone have any idea what Larry's thinking is on this issue? Will Perl continue to copy-by-value on assignment? 80736 80736


What's The Difference: Menudo Vs. Igado
Here are the ingredients that make these two Filipino dishes different.
IMAGE Majoy Siason
ILLUSTRATOR Roselle Miranda
Many pork stew recipes have similar ingredients. It's made with pork, it has chunks of vegetables, and is stewed in a flavorful sauce that brings the dish together into a satisfying meal.
While these may all seem the same, it's the tiny differences in ingredients that make these pork stews different from each other. In the case of menudo and igado, the two dishes actually share many similarities while the differences are minimal.
Both are pork stews with pork liver. Each is a savory, tangy stew that uses a few similar ingredients such as soy sauce that replaces the salt and a sour ingredient to complement the savoriness. Each also has a few ingredients that differentiate it from the other. Here are those differences:
1 Menudo is a saucy stew. Igado is cooked until almost dry.
A sauce is common for stews. Stews are dishes that are simmered, usually over low heat or flame, so that not only will the meat tenderize in this time, the ingredients that make up the sauce or liquid will also become more flavorful through the long cooking time.
For the menudo, this means it results in a thick tomato-based sauce that coats each chunk. For igado, the savory sauce is sometimes simmered until almost dry. This doesn't mean igado is dry, only that the pork absorbs most of the flavors as it simmers. This thick and concentrated sauce then coats the pork and other ingredients, resulting in a dish that is less saucy than menudo but also one that's super flavorful.
Photo by Riell Santos
Recommended Videos
Menudo uses small cubes of pork. Igado uses pork sliced into strips.
One look at both dishes will tell you what is served: if the pork pieces have been cut into small cubes, chances are the dish is a menudo. If you see pork strips along with the bell peppers, it's igado
While you can easily change up the cuts of the pork, these are the common pork cuts that you'll find for these two dishes.
Photo by Riell Santos
Menudo has potatoes and carrots. Igado uses green peas and bell peppers.
Another quick look at the two dishes reveals that even the vegetables are different.
While menudo sticks to the usual root vegetables many stews use, namely, potatoes and carrots, igado veers away from those common ingredients. Instead, it takes a page from another stew, the kaldereta, and uses green peas and bell peppers to accompany the pork. The green peas are added nutrition and color but the bell peppers give the igado its unique sweet, bitter flavor that makes it taste different.
Menudo uses tomato sauce. Igado uses vinegar.
This might be the most telling difference when it comes to taste. While the look of the dish can instantly tell you that you're eating a different dish, the taste of each dish will definitely solidify your opinion.
Give menudo a taste and you'll notice that the main ingredient in the sauce is the tangy tomatoes seasoned with soy sauce. There's an underlying sweetness to it, too. It's might be from the raisins that were tossed in or the sugar that not only sweetens but also helps balance the flavor of the sour tomatoes.
The igado however uses a different souring ingredient instead of tomato sauce: vinegar. You might actually think that igado is another kind of adobo, since it uses the same two main ingredients, soy sauce and vinegar. However, its other ingredients, namely the pork liver and the bell peppers, that make this beloved Ilocano recipe taste even more different than even the adobo
Comments. Join the discussion below!
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Starter Page
Priming & Capping: Part 1
 1. Calculate the amount of sugar needed, if not provided in a kit. Use the fermentation temp.
 1. Tasty Brew Priming Calculator
 2. Boil 1-2 cups of water.
 3. Stir in the priming sugar.
 4. Cover the pan until ready to add to the bottling bucket.
Transfer and Final gravity measurement
Transfer from secondary to bottling bucket. Be careful not to agitate the gelatin on the bottom and try to limit the exposure to oxygen. Take a final gravity sample.
 1. Place the straining bag over the output of auto-siphon.
 2. Gently transfer the beer from the fermenter to the bottling bucket.
 3. Place the thermometer and the hydrometer in the bucket.
 4. Spin the hydrometer to get any bubbles of of it.
 5. Take a final gravity (FG) measurement.
 6. Record the temperature.
 8. Calculate the alcohol percentage.
 1. I've added the formulas to my excel sheet (see the link at the top).
 2. Otherwise, I use an app (ABV Calculator for android) so I don't have to worry about the formulas.
Priming & Capping: Part 2
The priming sugar will throw off any hydrometer reading. Make sure you are done before proceeding.
 1. Add the priming sugar to the bottling bucket.
 2. Gently stir to beer to mix in the priming sugar well.
 3. Bottle and cap.
 4. Print out labels and attach them.
 5. Leave at 70 degrees in a dark area.
Day 56+: Drinking Time
The time to bottle conditioning varies quite a bit, but the "normal" way is to wait at least 3 weeks. Its said that the long the better the beer will turn out, but I imagine just like secondary fermentation this varies with the beer.
Dilbert Cartoon
 1. (11/13/2013) Initial Post.
 2. (12/3/2013) Adding a second cold crash prior to adding the gelatin as this makes the gelatin more effective.
 3. (12/5/2013) Added my spreadsheet that follows my brewing plan.
 4. (12/30/2013) Added making a yeast starter to my process.
 5. (1/3/2013) Added squeezing the steeping bag and placing yeast starter in water.
 6. (3/9/2014) Changed how I do gelatin, Updated dry hopping now that I've done it once, days for completion.
 7. (4/17/2014) Several updates all around for a slightly more refined process.
Leave a Reply


text:
A student-driven campaign at Simon Sanchez High School helped highlight the problem of bullying on Guam and how youths can work to prevent it.
The second "Love Others, Love Yourself" program was highlighted by an Anti-Bullying Expo at the Yigo school. The events coordinator said it was the decision of students to focus on bullying this year.
There were booths that explained the different types of bullying, how students could stand up to bullies and how to help and support the victims of bullying.
We applaud the efforts of the students involved in addressing this real, serious and all-too-common problem on our island, as well as the teachers and other school employees who helped make the event possible. We hope to see other schools emulate the students at Simon Sanchez High by working to raise awareness and demonstrating that bullying won't be tolerated.
While the student initiative is great, it's important that schools work to ensure bullying isn't tolerated and incidents are properly handled.
Every administrator, teacher and school system employee need know and follow the Guam Department of Education's bullying policy in a consistent manner. It must be properly and fairly implemented -- and those who don't follow proper procedures must be held accountable.
It also means ensuring all students know the policy -- and the consequences of bullying behavior. They also must be aware of the need to report incidents, and to whom they should report them.
Furthermore, school administrators and the Guam Department of Education's central office must ensure all bullying incidents are fully and properly investigated and the parents of both the bullies and their victims are informed.
Enforcement of the school system's policy and increasing awareness among students hopefully will lead to a decrease in bullying.


text:
Kendo UI for Angular Sparkline Overview
The Sparkline is a tiny chart without axes, coordinates, legends, titles, or other chart-specific elements.
Generally, Sparklines are simple, word-sized graphics that can be embedded in tables, headlines, or chunks of text. The concept for their graphical representation was developed by Edward Tufte. The Kendo UI Sparkline is a version of the Kendo UI Chart, which is tailored for this specific application. While the standard Kendo UI Chart component behaves like a block element (due to its rendering inside a
div element to allow for an easy embedding in texts), the Sparkline behaves like an inline element due to its rendering inside a
While, typically, Sparklines are line charts, they can also be rendered as the following Chart types:
- Line (default)
- Bar (Data Bars)
The following example demonstrates the Sparkline in action.
- The Sparkline includes shortcuts for setting the
- Also, the Sparkline supports all configuration options that are applicable for the Categorical series type of the Chart.


text:
Working with fossils found in Tanzania, scientists have discovered what may be the oldest known dinosaur.
"If the newly named Nyasasaurus parringtoni is not the earliest dinosaur, then it is the closest relative found so far," according to Sterling Nesbitt, a University of Washington postdoctoral researcher in biology.
Full story at Futurity.
More research news from top universities.
Photo credit: ©Natural History Museum, London/Mark Witton


5 Asteroids Named After Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People
5 Asteroids Named After Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People
Image: NASA / JPL-Caltech
This year's Mabo Day, June 3, was a special day for Indigenous astronomy. That was when the International Astronomical Union officially accepted five new asteroid names that honour a selection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, elders and academics whose work has been particularly influential.
The move follows similar commemorations in 2019, the International Year of Indigenous Languages, when a plethora of stars, exoplanets, planetary features and asteroids were given Indigenous names. They included six stars that received names from the Wardaman (NT), Booring (Vic) and Kamilaroi/Euahlayi (NSW) communities, as well as a star and planet named Bubup ("child") and Yanyan ("boy") – names derived from the Boon Wurrung language of Melbourne.
IAU Name ExoWorlds: Australia.
Asteroids (sometimes also called minor planets are large rocks in the Solar system, ranging from 10 metres to more than 100 kilometres in diameter. Most are found in a region called the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and are only visible with a powerful telescope.
Here are the five asteroids that have been newly named in recognition of influential Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
7546 Meriam
Formally known as 1979 MB4, this is a 2km-wide asteroid of the Flora family in the asteroid belt's inner region. It is 2.3 times farther from the Sun than Earth is, and takes 3.5 years to complete one orbit.
Maier Dance
Meriam dancers performing the Maier (Shooting Star) Dance for the Werner Herzog film Fireball.
Duane Hamacher
The Meriam are an Indigenous Australian group of people in the islands of the eastern Torres Strait, who are united by a common culture and language: Meriam Mir, Australia's only Papuan language.
Meriam people developed and maintain complex systems of astronomical knowledge centred around Tagai, a great warrior who is central to their Creation and identity. Meriam star knowledge has featured in academic papers, educational curricula, planetarium displays, a forthcoming commemorative coin, and the upcoming Werner Herzog film Fireball.
7733 Segarpassi
Formally known as 1979 MH4, this is a 1.9km-wide asteroid in the main asteroid belt. It is 2.4 times farther from the Sun than Earth is, and its orbit takes 3.7 years.
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text:
The Song of the Cloud Forest originally aired as the second half of episode 107 of The Jim Henson Hour on July 16, 1989. When it appeared on the Odyssey Network, it was edited into its own half-hour stand-alone special. The special was released on DVD in 2010 as The Song of the Cloud Forest and Other Earth Stories.
Milton, a golden toad, is desperately searching a mate, yet no female answers his call. He is lonely and begins to fear that his call will never attract a mate.
As the animals begin to fill the rainforest with their "beautiful music", two humans (which the animals call "Uprights") enter the rainforest. These scientists are in search of a male golden toad and hope to capture a male of the endangered species in hopes of preserving it from extinction. But when the forest creatures learn about the fate of Milton's species they all begin to worry about his fate as well.
The "uprights" continue their quest to capture a male golden toad, in hope to take him back to the lab. They use a female, locked in a cage, to attract the male. Milton detects the scent of a female golden toad. He follows it only to encounter traps that the "uprights" have laid.
Milton doesn't know what to do. Should he attempt to free the captive female? Should he continue to sing his song to attract a mate? Or should he remain silent as to not tip off the "uprights" to his presence? Ralph Robin arrives and tells the creatures, via song, about the motives of the "uprights" – according to Ralph, the want to capture and eat Milton!
Milton, depressed and alone, wanders the forest at night. He wishes there was a way to free the female and fill the forest will baby golden toads. He wonders what will become of the golden toads, and what will become of lonely old Milton. He just concedes that there is no hope for a happy ending.
Milton soon encounters Caiman, an elder, who tells Milton to listen to his heart, stand his ground, and simply help the "uprights" learn to listen. Milton decides to stop worrying and just sings his song – loud, clear and from his heart. He soon attracts the "Uprights", just as the entire forest joins in the song. However the female scientist is touched by the song of the cloud forest, and begins to question if they should go through with their plan of disturbing the balance of the forest. The uprights decided to release the female toad and let nature take its course.
Milton meets Ruth, the female toad, and the two hit it off. And thus balance is restored to the forest – and Milton's life.
- According to David Young's script drafts, the original working title of the special was "Milton's Paradise Lost". The name would be reused in the special, when Aart comments on Milton's extinction: "Milton's Paradise Lost: forever."
- In 1990, the special was nominated for two Emmy Awards, in the categories for Outstanding Children's Program and Outstanding Directing in a Variety or Music Program.
- Jim Henson gave a behind the scenes look at the making of the special in Episode 110: Secrets of the Muppets.
- Long time Muppeteers Jerry Nelson and Fran Brill made on-screen acting appearances as the two "Uprights," Jack and Louise.
- Some of the puppets from the program are currently on display at the Jim Henson museum in Leland, Mississippi.
- Dave Goelz as Milton
- Jerry Nelson as Ralph
- Steve Whitmire as Wilf
- Kevin Clash as Nick and Caiman
- Camille Bonora as Blanche and Ruth
- Ricky Boyd as Aart
- Fran Brill as Louise
- Jerry Nelson as Jack
- Directed by Jim Henson
- Art Direction by Cheryl Henson
- Screenplay by David Young
- Music by David Lebolt, Mark Radice, Phil Ramone and Zak Smith
- Muppet Workshop: Jitka Exler, Rollin Krewson, Tim Miller, Norman Tempia, Bob Flanagan, Julie Zobel and Elizabeth Wilkins
- Co-producers: Jerry Juhl and Martin G. Baker
- Producer Larry Mirkin


text:
click to view large map
- To protect a representative cross section of the atoll's habitats, including windward and leeward peripheral reefs, the atoll lagoon with its patch reefs, and sea grass beds.
- To protect at least some of the cuts or passes in the reef, as these are considered ecologically very important in terms of water flow and exchange, for movement of larvae, for species with feeding migrations, and species such as lobsters which migrate back and forth between the lagoon and deeper water for spawning purposes.
- To provide an undisturbed area for recruitment of species to adjacent areas, and to protect nursery and spawning areas such as the spawning banks east of Long Caye and Middle Caye.
- To provide an area for recreational diving, sport fishing, boating, and appreciation of the marine environment.
- To provide a relatively undisturbed area with representative natural ecosystems that can be used for applied research.
Use and Entry
- No extractive uses are allowed, with the exception of subsistence fishing by registered residents of the atoll (under review), and catch-and-release sport fishing by licensed fishermen.
- Spear fishing is not permitted by the subsistence fishers.
- Anchors cannot be deployed in areas where moorings are provided.
- Divers must register with the Reserve Manager.
- Dive boats must obtain a license to operate in the zone.


Building A Conversational N.L.P Enabled Chatbot Using Google's Dialogflow
Ever since ELIZA (the first Natural Language Processing computer program brought to life by Joseph Weizenbaum in 1964) was created in order to process user inputs and engage in further discussions based on the previous sentences, there has been an increased use of Natural Language Processing to extract key data from human interactions. One key application of Natural language processing has been in the creation of conversational chat assistants and voice assistants which are used in mobile and web applications to act as customer care agents attending to the virtual needs of customers.
In 2019, the Capgemini Research Institute released a report after conducting a survey on the impact which chat assistants had on users after being incorporated by organizations within their services. The key findings from this survey showed that many customers were highly satisfied with the level of engagement they got from these chat assistants and that the number of users who were embracing the use of these assistants was fast growing!
To quickly build a chat assistant, developers and organizations leverage SaaS products running on the cloud such as Dialogflow from Google, Watson Assistant from IBM, Azure Bot Service from Microsoft, and also Lex from Amazon to design the chat flow and then integrate the natural language processing enabled chat-bots offered from these services into their own service.
This article would be beneficial to developers interested in building conversational chat assistants using Dialogflow as it focuses on the Dialogflow itself as a Service and how chat assistants can be built using the Dialogflow console.
Note: Although the custom webhooks built within this article are well explained, a fair understanding of the JavaScript language is required as the webhooks were written using JavaScript.
Dialogflow is a platform that simplifies the process of creating and designing a natural language processing conversational chat assistant which can accept voice or text data when being used either from the Dialogflow console or from an integrated web application.
To understand how Dialogflow simplifies the creation of a conversational chat assistant, we will use it to build a customer care agent for a food delivery service and see how the built chat assistant can be used to handle food orders and other requests of the service users.
Before we begin building, we need to understand some of the key terminologies used on Dialogflow. One of Dialogflow's aim is to abstract away the complexities of building a Natural Language Processing application and provide a console where users can visually create, design, and train an AI-powered chatbot.
Dialog Flow Terminologies
Here is a list of the Dialogflow terminologies we will consider in this article in the following order:
 - Agent
 An agent on Dialogflow represents the chatbot created by a user to interact with other end-users and perform data processing operations on the information it receives. Other components come together to form an agent and each time one of these components is updated, the agent is immediately re-trained for the changes to take effect.
 User's who want to create a full-fledged conversational chatbot within the quickest time possible can select an agent from the prebuilt agents which can be likened to a template which contains the basic intents and responses needed for a conversational assistant.
 Note: A conversational assistant on Dialogflow will now be referred to as an "agent" while someone else asides the author of the assistant who interacts with it would be referred to as an "end-user".
 - Intent
 Similar to its literal meaning, the intent is the user's end goal in each sentence when interacting with an agent. For a single agent, multiple intents can be created to handle each sentence within a conversation and they are connected together using Contexts.
 From the intent, an agent is able to understand the end-goal of a sentence. For example, an agent created to process food orders from customers would be to recognize the end-goal of a customer to place an order for a meal or get recommendations on the available meals from a menu using the created intents.
 - Entity
 Entities are a means by which Dialogflow processes and extracts specific data from an end-user's input. An example of this is a Car entity added to an intent. Names of vehicles would be extracted from each sentence input as the Car entity.
 By default, an agent has some System entities which have predefined upon its creation. Dialogflow also has the option to define custom entities and add values recognizable within this entity.
 - Training Phrase
 The training phrases is a major way in which an agent is able to recognize the intent of an end-user interacting with the agent. Having a large number of training phrases within an intent increases the accuracy of the agent to recognize an intent, in fact Dialogflow's documentation on training phases recommends that "at least 10-20" training phrases be added to a created intent.
 To make training phrases more reusable, dialogflow gives the ability to annotate specific words within the training phrase. When a word within a phrase is annotated, dialogflow would recognize it as a placeholder for values that would be provided in an end-user's input.
 - Context
 Contexts are string names and they are used to control the flow of a conversation with an agent. On each intent, we can add multiple input contexts and also multiple output contexts. When the end-user makes a sentence that is recognized by an intent the output contexts become active and one of them is used to match the next intent.
 To understand contexts better, we can illustrate context as the security entry and exit door, while the intent as the building. The input context is used when coming into the building and it accepts visitors that have been listed in the intent while the exit door is what connects the visitors to another building which is another intent.
 - Knowledge base
 A knowledge base represents a large pool of information where an agent can fetch data when responding to an intent. This could be a document in any format such as txt, pdf, csv among other supported document types. In machine learning, a knowledge base could be referred to as a training dataset.
 An example scenario where an agent might refer to a knowledge base would be where an agent is being used to find out more details about a service or business. In this scenario, an agent can refer to the service's Frequently Asked Questions as its knowledge base.
 - Fulfillment
 Dialogflow's Fulfillment enables an agent to give a more dynamic response to a recognized intent rather than a static created response. This could be by calling a defined service to perform an action such as creating or retrieving data from a database.
 An intent's fulfillment is achieved through the use of a webhook. Once enabled, a matched intent would make an API request to the webhook configured for the dialogflow agent.
Now, that we have an understanding of the terminologies used with Dialogflow, we can move ahead to use the Dialogflow console to create and train our first agent for a hypothetical food service.
Using The Dialogflow Console
Note: Using the Dialogflow console requires that a Google account and a project on the Google Cloud Platform is created. If unavailable, a user would be prompted to sign in and create a project on first use.
The Dialogflow console is where the agent is created, designed, and trained before integrating with other services. Dialogflow also provides REST API endpoints for users who do not want to make use of the console when building with Dialogflow.
While we go through the console, we will gradually build out the agent which would act as a customer care agent for a food delivery service having the ability to list available meals, accept a new order and give information about a requested meal.
The agent we'll be building will have the conversation flow shown in the flow chart diagram below where a user can purchase a meal or get the list of available meals and then purchase one of the meals shown.
Creating A New Agent
Within every newly created project, Dialogflow would prompt the first time user to create an agent which takes the following fields:
 - A name to identify the agent.
 - A language which the agent would respond in. If not provided the default of English is used.
 - A project on the Google Cloud to associate the agent with.
Immediately after we click on the create button after adding the values of the fields above, a new agent would be saved and the intents tab would be shown with the Default fallback and Default Welcome intent as the only two available intents which are created by default with every agent on Dialogflow.
Exploring the Default fallback intent, we can see it has no training phrase but has sentences such as "Sorry, could you say that again?", "What was that?", "Say that one more time?" as responses to indicate that the agent was not able to recognize a sentence which has been made by an end-user. During all conversations with the agent, these responses are only used when the agent cannot recognize a sentence typed or spoken by a user.
While the sentences above are sufficient for indicating that agent does not understand the last typed sentence, we would like to aid the end-user by giving them some more information to hint the user on what the agent can recognize. To do this, we replace all the listed sentences above with the following ones and click the Save button for the agent to be retrained.
I didn't get that. I am Zara and I can assist you in purchasing or learning more about the meals from Dialogflow-food-delivery service. What would you like me to do? I missed what you said. I'm Zara here and I can assist you in purchasing or learning more about the meals from Dialogflow-food-delivery service. What would you like me to do? Sorry, I didn't get that. Can you rephrase it? I'm Zara by the way and I can assist you in purchasing or learning more about the meals from Dialogflow-food-delivery service. Hey, I missed that I


text:
WHAT YOU'LL NEED:
- A variety of autumn floral stems.
- Brown paper.
- Hot glue gun & glue sticks.
- Wire pliers or cutters.
- Long grass pieces.
- Galvanised tin bucket.
Step 1.Cut the pieces of brown paper into 3x 20mm by 20mm squares. These will make up the 3x cones for your arrangements.
Step 2.Twist each brown square piece of paper into a loose cone and secure the joining the end corners using the hot glue gun.
Step 3.Mix and match your favourite Autumn stems into three little bunches. You will need to use wire cutters, or sharp scissors, to trim the stems to the appropriate length.
Step 4.Once you have the bunches laid out, it's time to stuff your brown paper cones! Cover the bottom of each stem using the hot glue fun and place in the cone. Keep filling each cone.
Step 5.When all three cones are filled, take a piece of grass and wrap it around the bottom part of the cone. Tie in a double knot in the front. Use the hot glue gun to secure the grass to the cone if necessary.
Step 6.Place all three arrangements in a tin bucket for that chic fall farmhouse look!


closer to what we want. Now, C_{\infty} \setminus\bigcup_{n\in\Bbb{Z}^{+}} C_n contains only those functions which have a root in K.
We will call the functions in C_{\lambda} \subset C^{1}(K,\Bbb{R}) functions with maximal growth rate \lambda. This is a natural moduli for functions when we are studying stuff whose (maximal) grow rate depends linearly on the current amount of stuff. Of course populations of living things fall in the class of things for which this is true. from the proofs above, we know that if f\in C_\lambda, then it's graph lives in the cone defined by exponentials. More precisely
If a(f) = \lambda then for x < x_0, \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{\lambda x_0)}}e^{\lambda x} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{-\lambda x_0)}}e^{-\lambda x} and for x > x_0 we have \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{-\lambda x_0)}}e^{-\lambda x} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{\lambda x_0)}}e^{\lambda x}.
(Exercise) Prove this. Hint: use the first proof where instead of 2\lambda you use \alpha\lambda and let \alpha\downarrow 1.
(Remark) Notice that Equation (10) and \lambda < \infty implies that scaling a function in C_\lambda by any non-zero scalar yields another function in C_\lambda. As a result, we might choose to consider only
F \equiv f\in c_\lambda\text{ such that }f(0) = 1
F \equiv \{\text{ functions whose minimum value on }K\text{ is }1\}.
In both cases we end up with subsets that generate C_\lambda when we take all multiples of those functions by nonzero real numbers.
(Exercise) If we move to high dimensional domains, how wild can the compact set K be and still get these results? It must clearly be connected, so in \Bbb{R}^1 we are already completely general with our K above.
Moving back to Equation (1), we can look for generalizations: for example, will this result hold when f:\Bbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \Bbb{R}^{m}? How about when f maps from one Banach space to another? How about the case in which f is merely Lipschitz?
Lets begin with f:\Bbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \Bbb{R}^{m}.
In this case, the appropriate version of Equation (1) is
||Df(x)|| \leq \lambda ||f(x)|| (11)
where ||Df(x)|| denotes the operator norm of the derivative Df(x) and ||f(x)|| is the euclidean norm of f(x) in \Bbb{R}^m.
Notice that
D\ln(||f(x)||) = \frac{1}{||f(x)||}\left(\frac{f(x)}{||f(x)||}\right)^{t}Df(x) (12)
where \left(\frac{f(x)}{||f(x)||}\right)^{t} is an m dimensional row vector and Df(x) is an n\text{ by }m dimensional matrix. (Thus the gradient vector is the transpose of the resulting n dimensional row vector.) Now we can use this to get the result.
Let \gamma(s) be the arclength parameterized line segment that starts at x_0 and ends at x_1 the The above equation tells us that
\int_{\gamma} D\ln(||f(x(s))||) ds = \int_{\gamma} \frac{1}{||f(x)||}\left(\frac{f(x)}{||f(x)||}\right)^{t}Df(x) \leq \int_{\gamma} \frac{||Df(x(s))||}{||f(x))||} ds. (13)
Thus, we can conclude that
\ln(||f(x_1)||) - \ln(||f(x_0)||) \leq \lambda ||x_1 - x_0||
which implies that
-\lambda ||x_1 - x_2|| \leq \ln\left(\frac{||f(x_1)||}{||f(x_0)||}\right) \leq \lambda ||x_1 - x_0||
and we can proceed as we did in the second proof of the problem in the case that f:\Bbb{R}\rightarrow \Bbb{R}. We end up with the following result
If ||Df(x)|| \leq \lambda ||f(x)|| and ||f(x)|| \neq 0 \text{ for all } x\in B(x*,r)\subset\Bbb{R}^n, then
e^{-\lambda ||x - x*||} \leq \frac{||f(x)||}{||f(x*)||} \leq e^{\lambda ||x - x*||}
for all x\in B(x*,r).
(Exercise) Show that this result implies that if f(x) = 0 anywhere, it equals 0 everywhere.
(Exercise) Show that this is implies the one dimensional result we proved above (the first theorem we proved above).
(Exercise) Our proof of the result for the case f:\Bbb{R}^n\rightarrow\Bbb{R}^m can be carried over to the case of f:B_1 \rightarrow B_2 where B_1\text{ and }B_2 are Banach Spaces — carry out those steps!
We come now to the question of what we can say when we are less restrictive with the constraints on differentiability. We consider the case in which f:\Bbb{R}^n\rightarrow\Bbb{R}^m is Lipschitz. The complication here is that while we know that f is differentiable almost everywhere, it might not be differentiable anywhere on the line segment from x_0 to x_1.
Consider a cylinder C_{x_0}^{x_1}(1), with radius 1 and axis equal to the segment from x_0\text{ to }x_1. Let E = C_{x_0}^{x_1}(1) \cap \{x| Df(x)\text{ exists }\}. Since f is differentiable almost everywhere, we have that \mathcal{L}^n( C_{x_0}^{x_1}(1)\setminus E) = 0. Therefore almost every segment L generated by the intersection of a line parallel to the cylinder axis and the cylinder, intersects E in a set of length ||x_1 - x_0||. We can therefore choose a sequence of such segments converging to [x_0,x_1].
Since Df exists \mathcal{H}^1 almost everywhere on the segments [x_0^k, x_1^k] and f is continuous everywhere, we can integrate the derivatives to get:
-\lambda ||x_1^k - x_0^k|| \leq \ln\left(\frac{||f(x_1^k)||}{||f(x_0^k)||}\right) \leq \lambda ||x_1^k - x_0^k||.
And because f is continuous we get that
-\lambda ||x_1 - x_0|| \leq \ln\left(\frac{||f(x_1)||}{||f(x_0)||}\right) \leq \lambda ||x_1- x_0||.
so that we end up with the same result that we had for differentiable functions.
There are other directions to take this.
From the perspective of geometric objects, the ratio \frac{||Df||}{||f||} is a bit funky — for example, if f(x) = volume of a set E(x)\subset \Bbb{R}^n = \mathcal{L}^n(E(x)), where x can be thought of as the center of the set, we have that Df will be a vectorfield \eta times \mathcal{H}^{n-1} restricted to the \partial E(x). Thus, ||Df|| will be an n-1-dimensional quantity and f a n-dimensional quantity. We would usually expect there to be exponents, as in the case of the Poincare ineqaulity, making the ratio non-dimensional.
On the other hand, one can see this ratio as a sort of measure of reciprocal length of the objects we are dealing with. From the perspective, this result seems to say that no matter what you do, you cannot get to objects with no volume from objects with non-zero volume without getting small (i.e. without the reciprocal length diverging). This is not profound. On the other hand, that ratio is precisely what is important for certain physical/biolgical processes. So this quantity being bounded has consequences in those contexts.
This does


This summer, AIMed announced the launch of AIMedConnect, a new strategic platform designed to connect innovators, healthcare practitioners and other stakeholders to facilitate collaborations and drive forward the development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Jvion, a key clinical AI company, came on board as a founding member. The first AIMedConnect virtual event and roundtable discussions took place on 23 October.
Yesterday (17 November), Alexis May, AIMed Director of Content shared the very first AIMedConnect research findings with fellow audience who attended the latest AIMed webinar on Behavioral Health: Using AI to predict suicide, depression and opioid misuse before it happens. According to May, the survey-based research project looked at the extent which AI is being adopted in US healthcare organizations.
Specifically, the areas in which people hope for greater impact; the decision-making process, and differences in views between payers and providers. Guest speakers Karen Murphy, Executive Vice President and Chief Innovation Officer at Geisinger; Dr. Carlo Viamonte, Medical Officer at Anthem, and Dr. John Frownfelter, Chief Medical Information Officer at Jvion also took turn to express their views towards the research findings and general AI adoption.
The survey questions and findings
Many of the respondents involved in this survey-based research identified themselves as physicians. There were also representations from Chief Medical Officer (CMO); Chief Executive Officer (CEO); Chief Research and Information Officer (CRIO), and Chief Medical Information Officer (CMIO). The first survey question was "To what extent AI is part of your organization's operational strategy?". One-third of the respondents replied their organizations have not started with AI yet while 9% expressed their organizations had already deployed and are evaluating AI performance at the moment.
The second question is "Where you can see AI helping most within your organization?" Majority of the respondents regarded clinical performance as the area where AI could help most with. The next in line are revenue cycle management (RCM), patient experience, and staffing. Some of the respondents added quality assurance, patient safety, and operation forecasting are also the areas where AI could be useful. The third question focused on who is responsible for buy-in decisions made within the organization.
The received answers were relatively fragmented. Majority expressed AI adoption would probably be C-suite led in their organizations. Drivers such as cost and immediate return of investment (ROI) will affect the rate of adoption. In some cases, respondents said decisions could be made on a committee basis. Others believe AI procurement could be physician led or through research breakthroughs. Nonetheless, uncertainty was pretty obvious in all of the given answers. May quoted a respondent, who believed a lack of involvement within the organization had slowed down AI adoption.
The last question touched on the extent which COVID-19 had affected AI strategy. 50% of the respondents indicated absolutely not at all; 34% indicated perhaps AI development and adoption has been put on hold and the remaining 16% indicated COVID-19 had accelerated the process. AI providers and payers' responses were also compared and indeed, they have different priorities and expectations of AI. A C-suite executive working in a provider organization proposed some form of a playbook, to guide interested parties.
Ample opportunities ahead
Murphy thought the findings is a clear demonstration that the healthcare industry is still early in the game of AI adoption and deployment even though some of us may feel like we have been talking about the subject for a long time. Dr. Frownfelter interpreted the results in a different way. On one hand, he thought the survey results will alter based on the demographics of the respondents. Particularly when it comes to regarding clinical performance as the area where AI could help most with.
On the other hand, he acknowledged healthcare is really slow in adopting AI, as compared to other industries. It is discouraging to know one-third of the respondents are not even contemplating AI in their organization. At the same time, he said we should be excited for the minority who are looking into AI deployment and evaluation and see the kind of change they can bring to healthcare. He agreed there should be a playbook acting as a form of governance to determine priorities, answer key questions, and making decisions that are impactful to the organizations.
Dr. Viamonte said the holy grail of healthcare – improve clinical outcomes and medical practice at a lower cost is far-reaching. There are many steps between where we are now and when AI can actually help us attain the ultimate goal. As such, healthcare providers should not consider the use of AI in operation as different from the use of AI in clinical setting. Perhaps, as Dr. Viamonte suggested, healthcare providers can start with the low-hanging fruits, using AI in the operational side of things, to generate excitement within the organization, before attempting the harder to achieve goals.
Murphy agreed. She said the breath of AI is so vast that we should not limit its potential within a specific domain. The three guest speakers continue their presentation on the use of AI to predict suicide, depression and opioid use which will be detailed in the next blog article. Please stay tune.
Author Bio


_USER_{Heady2001Taxation, abstract = {This paper discusses the design of tax systems in developing countries, with particular emphasis on low-income countries. It outlines the directions of reform that many lowincome countries have followed, often on the advice of the IMF or the World Bank, and considers whether they are justified in terms of theory and the practical constraints in low-income countries. Discussion of tax theory shows that there are sound reasons for much of the tax reform advice that is given, but it provides rather little support for the policy of full tax neutrality that is frequently recommended for developing countries. However, there are also serious political economy arguments against tax nonuniformity. The paper therefore concludes that the design of tax policy must also consider the strength of institutions and the rule of law. \textendash{} taxation ; fiscal policy}, address = {Helsinki}, author = {Christopher Heady}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {O23; H20; 330; Steuersystem; Steuerpolitik; Entwicklungsl\"{a}nder; Low-Income Countries}, language = {eng}, number = {2001/81}, publisher = {UNU-WIDER}, title = {Taxation policy in low-income countries}, type = {WIDER Discussion Papers // World Institute for Development Economics (UNU-WIDER)}, url = {_URL_ year = {2001} }


More on the practical applications of CONVERT and CAST
A further look at changing datatypes with CONVERT and CAST.
There are times when it becomes necessary or desirable to convert one datatype to another. A conversion can allow you to apply a function to your data that isn't available in the original datatype stored in your database. Consider for example the common situation where you store zip codes in a column as a character string.
Typically the VARCHAR or variable character field is used for this purpose. When you store zip codes in VARCHAR fields you can order the zip codes correctly, add a zip+4 entry and allow zip codes that are alphanumeric for international addresses. Addresses in the UK are typically of the type A1E B2G where the six characters can be either numbers or letters.
Suppose you want to perform arithmetic on your zip code data. You can't use arithmetic functions on character data, so you need to convert the ZIPCODE field to a numeric field. Since zip codes in the US are arranged in geographical sequence, simple addition and subtraction can locate zip codes that are close to one another. You might also want to work with zip code averages if you are creating census data, or for other purposes.
To convert a datatype to another you would use the CONVERT and CAST functions. Although they are similar, CAST is probably a better choice in terms of adhering to the ANSI SQL-92 standard and will port better to other databases. The two functions take the form:
 CONVERT (datatype [(length)], expression [, style]
 CAST (expression AS datatype)
Returning to the example of zip codes, here's how you would use CONVERT to perform the datatype conversion:
 SELECT SUM(CONVERT ( int, ZIPCODE)) from
The expression above didn't use the style argument because it wasn't important to format the number field in any way in order to perform arithmetic functions. However, conversions of some fields such as date fields should really have a style argument, particularly if the calculations you perform require it.
Keep in mind that not all datatypes can be converted into other specific datatypes; there's no way to turn an IMAGE datatype into a CHAR datatype, for example. To see a chart of what data conversions are allowed, look in Microsoft SQL Server Books Online in the Extended Stored Procedures Programmer's Reference on the Data Types page.
This was first published in October 2004
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Superconductivity Demonstration Kit for physical science and physics provides all of the materials needed (except liquid nitrogen) to successfully demonstrate the characteristics of superconductivity and the Meissner Effect.
This item can only be shipped to schools, museums and science centers
Superconductivity is the spectacular characteristic of the total disappearance of electrical resistance when a superconductor is cooled below a critical temperature. Another important and unique property of superconductors is that if a magnetic field is applied to the superconductor, the effect of magnetization can be reversed. This reversible magnetic behavior is called the Meissner Effect. It is this Meissner Effect that would enable a train to levitate above its tracks. Since there would be no friction between wheels and track, the train could operate while consuming very little energy.
This unique demonstration kit will provide you with all the materials needed (except liquid nitrogen) to successfully demonstrate the characteristics of superconductivity and the Meissner Effect. Each demonstration kit includes one rugged 1" superconductor, one rare earth magnet, one non-metallic forceps and one "how to" instruction manual.


Tara Oceans Data Portal - Help
What Can I Use the TARA Data Portal (TOP) For?
TOP is designed to enable the community at large to lookup datasets containing data items related to experimental data collected during the TARA cruises. Dataset lookup can be performed by browsing according to various classifications or descriptions, but also using more advanced search forms. Whichever the means used to lookup datasets, the results will invariably be returned as tables listing matching datasets with their main properties. Each entry of these table is a link leading to a page detailing all that TOP knows about a dataset (who created it, who imported into TOP and when, what kind of data it contains, where the actual data file(s) can be found).
Can You Give Me Some Real Use Cases?
What is known about station TARA_054?
This can for example be determined by entering "TARA_054" in the quick search text field on the welcome page. The result table will contain a mix of datasets ranging from event log sheets to oceanographic context reports specific to station 54. And it will also contain more comprehensive datasets such as the sample registry and the event registry. Another means to achieve this is to go to the "Browse" page, select the "Sample Registry" tab and choose "TARA_054" in the "Stations" pull-down list (the Browsing section below gives some more detail about how to use this section).
What are the environmental parameters for samples collected at water temperatures between 18°C and 20°C?
Values for environmental parameters can be reached using the "Context/Environment Search" tab. In the form, the temperature values can be restricted using the sliders next to the "Tpot" field, and selecting the "Limited to" button left of the sliders before hitting the "Search" button. Results will be displayed in a table where each line matches a sample and each column corresponds to an environmental parameter.
What are the most recently uploaded datasets
Again, use the "Browse" tab. Select the "Date" tab immediately below. On the column headers of the dataset table, click on the "Last Update" header. The table will the be sorted according to the latest update date.
How to access datasets related to a given geographical area
This information is accessible using the "Advanced Search" tab. On the advanced search form, use the "Additionnal Criteria" drop-down menu to choose "Map". In the map panel that is the displayed, focus the map on the area of interest, then, use the icon next to "Map Mode" (located above the map) to switch to "Search Mode". It is then possible to draw a box on the map using the mouse. When hitting the "Search" button, teh result table will display datasets containing information about events and/or samples located in the box.
Hello World!
Hello World!
Hello World!


How to moisten dry fruit cake
How do you make a fruit cake moist?
How do you moisten a dry Christmas cake?
No matter what kind of cake you've made, if it turns out too dry, you can moisten it with an appropriately flavored liqueur or syrup. Use a skewer to poke holes every inch and a half or so, then use a pastry brush to paint on the liqueur or syrup getting more into the holes.
How do you make dry cake better?
Try one of these methods and rescue that dry cake. Microwave it. Moisten a paper towel, then place it on a microwave safe plate. Steam it. This methods works by placing your cake in a bain-marie. Revive it with simple syrup. Use the bread method. Use the apple method. Serve it with ice cream.
How do you preserve a fruit cake?
Fruitcake should be tightly wrapped and stored in a cool, dry place while aging. If you wrapped your cake in soaked cheesecloth, resoak the cloth once a week and age for six weeks to three months. Cakes simply wrapped in plastic wrap should be brushed with more alcohol every few days during the first two months.
Why is fruitcake so hated?
You might be interested: How to make old fashioned pound cake
Which ingredient makes the cake soft?
Cake flour, which is more finely ground and contains less protein than its all-purpose counterpart, is a major contributor to how soft and the overall weight of a cake. Since cake flour has less protein, less gluten is formed. Without all of that gluten, the cake becomes less dense, airy, and smooth.
How do you moisten an overcooked cake?
Re-heat cake to moisten it Brush some milk or water over the top of the cake. Place caked in a 350ºF oven for 15–20 minutes. Remove from the oven and cool on a wire rack.
Why is my cake too dry?
The ratio of wet to dry ingredients determines a cake's moisture level. If there's simply too much flour and not enough butter, a cake will taste dry. On the other hand, if there's too much milk and not enough flour, a cake will taste too wet. Finding the right balance between wet and dry ingredients is key.
Why does fruit cake last so long?
Why Do Fruitcakes Last So Long? Fruitcake is a shelf-stable food unlike any other. All those dry ingredients don't give microorganisms enough moisture to reproduce, as Ben Chapman, a food safety specialist at North Carolina State University, explained in 2014. That keeps bacteria from developing on the cake.
Why is my fruit cake dry?
Often, over-baking a fruit cake is the cause of dry fruit cakes. A fruit cake must be baked at the right temperature. The too-high oven temperature will dry the cake. Follow the recipe closely, including baking times.
You might be interested: How to make homemade pound cake
Why is my carrot cake dry?
One of the major reasons why your carrot cake is crumbly is the gluten content of your batter. Adding shredded carrots, nuts, raisins, and other ingredients to the batter affects the gluten that holds your carrot cake together. Gluten is a complex protein that affects the texture of dough.
What makes a cake light and fluffy?
Can I wrap Christmas cake in cling film?
Yes. For best results, wrap it well with cling film, then put it in a Ziplock bag or wrap it again with foil and store it in the freezer (usually for up to 6 months, though this dependes on the temperature of your freezer).
Why does my fruit cake crumble when cut?
Sugar attracts the moisture in the recipe, drawing it away from the flour and preventing the formation of gluten. However if too much sugar is present, the cake is so tenderised that gluten is unable to maintain the volume of the cake and it begins to crumble when cut.
How long does homemade fruit cake last?
two to three months
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text:
The key to a fresh Christmas tree is water!
Maintain a fresh Christmas tree throughout the holiday season by giving the tree proper care from the time it is purchased until you recycle it.
Research has shown that keeping tree moisture content high is critical to needle retention of real Christmas trees. Tests have also shown that a well-maintained real tree is less of a fire hazard than an artificial tree. Before you set up your tree, make a fresh, straight cut across the base of the tree and place the tree in a tree stand that holds a gallon of water or more. If the tree has been cut within the last six to eight hours, it will not need to be re-cut. Make a straight cut across the trunk removing an inch or more from the bottom. Be sure the container holds enough water and refill it often making sure the water does not fall below the level of the trunk bottom.
A cut Christmas tree will absorb a surprising amount of water, particularly during the first week. A tree with a 2-inch diameter trunk may initially use two quarts of water per day; one with a 4-inch diameter trunk may use more than one gallon per day. Therefore, it is important to check your tree stand on a daily basis.
One of the most common questions concerning Christmas trees relates to the use of additives in the Christmas tree stand. Some people have seen TV or newspaper advertisements for products that may be added to the water in a tree stand. Others have concocted their own "home remedies" with ingredients such as sugar, aspirin, bleach and 7-UP. Research in the state of Washington and North Carolina, however, has shown that your best bet is plain old tap water. Some of the home remedies such as bleach and aspirin can actually cause heavy needle loss and should be avoided. Remember, clean water and plenty of it is the only essential ingredient to keep your Christmas tree fresh throughout the holiday!
Choose a Christmas
tree stand that has adequate water-holding capacity for the
size of the tree
they will hold. A stand should hold at least one quart of water per
diameter of the tree trunk. Photo credit: Gary Chastagner, WSU.
Dr. Cregg's research is funded in part by MSU's AgBioResearch.


Category: Featured
Remembering Roy Kiyooka
When Roy Kiyooka died suddenly and unexpectedly in February 1994, he left behind a legacy of creativity fuelled by a lifelong passion for making art, in all its various guises. Born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan in 1926, he grew up in Calgary, Alberta, where he began his studies at the Provincial Institute of Technology and Art (now the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology and Art). Over the course of his career, he was known as a painter, photographer, musician, film-maker, poet and teacher. He taught at several universities during his career, retiring from the University of British Columbia in 1991.