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WASHINGTON -- Curious how a device designed to produce fuel and oxygen on Mars transformed into a source of clean energy right here on Earth? The 2010 edition of NASA's annual Spinoff publication is now available online, highlighting new innovations and notable examples of NASA technology improving everyday life on our home planet.
Spinoff provides an in-depth look at how the agency's initiatives in aeronautics and space exploration have resulted in beneficial commercial technologies in the fields of health and medicine, transportation, public safety, consumer goods, environmental protection, computer technology, and industrial productivity. These advancements enhance our quality of life while contributing to the nation's economy through the creation of jobs and the support of businesses, large and small. They also help to inspire younger generations to explore education and careers in science, technology, math, and engineering.
"Through NASA's work with its commercial partners, technologies that are helping us explore our universe are now also saving lives, preserving our environment and enhancing our nation's transportation and security," said Bobby Braun, chief technologist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Since 1976, NASA's Spinoff publication has documented more than 1,700 compelling examples of NASA research and innovation that benefit the public every day."
Spinoff 2010 contains dozens of examples highlighting how space technology yields innovations with Earthly benefits, including:
Algorithms developed by a NASA researcher that are enabling technology for medical diagnosis and prediction of brain blood flow-related conditions such as stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury
NASA-proven, drag-reducing wing modifications that have already saved commercial airlines more than 2 billion gallons in jet fuel
Inflatable antennas -- developed with NASA funding -- that support essential communication needs in remote areas during military operations, as well as in disaster zones
Image sensors, invented by a NASA team, that are now featured in one out of every three cell phone cameras
A groundwater remediation compound, created by NASA to treat contaminated launch facilities, now being used to clean up polluted areas around the world
Spinoff also profiles NASA's research and development activities, education efforts and partnership successes for the year. This edition celebrates the 10th anniversary of continuous habitation onboard the International Space Station, revealing the many ways that technologies developed for the space station have resulted in public benefits on Earth.
The NASA Spinoff 2010 edition is available in PDF format for downloading from the NASA Spinoff website at:
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Lessons from Previous Expeditions for the Human Exploration of Mars
J. Stuster (2004), JBIS, 57, 126-134Refcode
: Space exploration, psychology, MarsAbstract:
Anecdotal comparisons frequently are made between expeditions of the past and future space missions. From an engineering perspective, the differences between future and past expeditions are considerable. Spacecraft are far more complex than sailing ships, and one of the factors that drives the complexity is the requirement to support the crew in the hostile environment of space. The technological differences are significant, but from a behavioral perspective, are the differences really that great between confinement in a small wooden ship locked in the polar ice cap and confinement in a small high-technology ship hurtling through interplanetary space? The psychological differences probably are few. This paper discusses some of the most salient behavioral and technical lessons from previous expeditions that can be applied to facilitate the human exploration of Mars.
PDF file, 9 pages: £5.00

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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LEADBETTER POINT — Grassy Island, an uninhabited island just east of the northern tip of Leadbetter Point on the Long Beach Peninsula, is the scene of a smoky fire Friday night.
According to a fire management plan drafted by the island's owner, the Willapa National Wildlife Refuge, the refuge's Leadbetter Unit has several hundred acres of young to mature lodgepole pine (shore pine) on the peninsula tip that continues to spread north and westward, and a small area of lodgepole pine on Grassy Island. The oldest lodgepole pine trees are approximately 80 years old, although most of the lodgepole pine on the refuge is much younger than 80 years.
Natural-caused fires are said to be infrequent in the maritime climate of lodgepole pine, but there was a significant fire on the island in July 2006 that scorched about 50 acres. The refuge notes that human-caused fires can be much more frequent in lodgepole pine due to public use occurring in and near this forest type. The 2006 fire was believed at the time to have been human caused.
Grassy Island is primarily accessible by boat from the bay; although it can be reached by foot from the peninsula by wading a shallow channel at low tide. No residences are closer than a mile from Leadbetter Point's southern boundary.
At the time of the last fire, two helicopters were called in to drop water on the island. There was no immediate information available Friday night about whether or when fire-suppression efforts may begin this time.
Grassy Island is a sanctuary for hundreds of seabirds of many species.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Steel engraving Language Watch Edit This article includes a list of general references but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Steel engraving is a technique for printing illustrations based on steel instead of copper It has been rarely used in artistic printmaking although it was much used for reproductions in the 19th century Steel engraving was introduced in 1792 by Jacob Perkins _PHONE_ an American inventor for banknote printing When Perkins moved to London in 1818 the technique was adapted in 1820 by Charles Warren and especially by Charles Heath _PHONE_ for Thomas Campbell s Pleasures of Hope which contained the first published plates engraved on steel 1 The new technique only partially replaced the other commercial techniques of that time such as wood engraving copper engraving and later lithography Detail of the image below click to enlarge further Landing of Columbus engraved by the BEP based on Vanderlyn s 1847 painting This vignette was used as the back of the Series 1875 5 National Bank Note Contents 1 Process 2 19th century 3 Mechanical tools 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksProcess Edit Baptism of Pocahontas engraved by Charles Burt for the BEP based on Chapman s 1840 painting This vignette was used as the back of the Series 1875 20 National Bank Note Confusingly the printmaking technique used in steel engravings is after the earliest years in the 1820s normally a combination of etching and true engraving with etching becoming dominant in later examples after the technique became popular again in the 1830s Engraving is done with a burin which is a small bar of hardened steel with a sharp point It is pushed along the plate to produce thin furrowed lines leaving burr or strips of waste metal to the side This is followed by the use of a scraper to remove any burs since they would be an impediment during the subsequent inking process Steel plates are very hard for this technique which is normally used on softer copper plates So steel engraving also used etching where acid creates the lines in the plates in the pattern made by selectively removing a thin coating of acid resistant ground by tools This is much less effort As well as etching needles the etched part of steel engravings made great use of roulettes small wheels mounted in handles which have regular sharp projections which produce broken lines of dots and dashes when rolled across the plate Roulettes of different types were used together with the burin and needle to create densely packed marks which appear as tonal to the eye and allow a great variety of textures and effects True burin engraving was generally used to finish the etched image 2 First a broad general outline is made on the plate before starting the detailed image Engraving will produce a printed reverse or mirror image of the image on the plate Sometimes engravers looked at the object usually another image such as a drawing that they were engraving through a mirror so that the image was naturally reversed and they would be less likely to engrave the image incorrectly 3 Steel plates can be case hardened to ensure that they can print thousands of times with little wear The copper plates used in traditional engraving and etching which are softer and so much easier to work cannot be case hardened but can be steel faced or nickel plated by electroplating to increase the number of impressions that could be printed From about 1860 the steel facing of copper plates became widely used and such prints tend also to be called steel engravings It can be very difficult to distinguish between engravings on steel and steel faced copper other than by date 4 The most reliable way of distinguishing between unfaced copper engraving and steel or steel faced engraving is the lightness and delicacy of the pale lines in the latter The hardness of the plate surface made it possible to print a good number of impressions without the metal of the plate wearing the lines out under the pressure of repeated intaglio printing which would have happened with unfaced copper So A shimmering pale grey became for the first time a possibility in line engraving and it is this that provides the most recognizable characteristic of steel beside the heavier and warmer mood of copper 5 19th century Edit Trinity College Cambridge View from St John s College Old Bridge c 1840 steel engraving was much used for decorative topographical prints such as this by John Le Keux Until around 1820 copper plates were the common medium used for engraving Copper being a soft metal was easy to carve or engrave and the plates could be used to strike a few hundred copies before the image began to severely deteriorate from wear Engravers then reworked a worn plate by retracing the previous engraving to sharpen the image again Another advantage to using copper is that it is a soft metal and can be corrected or updated with a reasonable amount of effort For this reason copper plates were the preferred medium of printing for mapmakers who needed to alter their maps whenever land was newly discovered claimed or changed hands During the 1820s steel began to replace copper as the preferred medium of commercial publishers for illustration but still rivaled by wood engraving and later lithography Steel engraving produced plates with sharper harder more distinct lines Also the harder steel plates produced much longer wearing dies that could strike thousands of copies before they would need any repair or refurbishing engraving The hardness of steel also allowed for much finer detail than would have been possible with copper which would have quickly deteriorated under the resulting stress As the nineteenth century began to close devices such as the ruling machine made even greater detail possible allowing for more exact parallel lines in very close proximity Commercial etching techniques also gradually replaced steel engraving All the illustrations in the Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1911 are steel engravings citation needed Steel engraving is still done today but to a much lesser extent Today most printing is done using computerized stencils instead of a steel plate to transfer ink An exception is currency which is still printed using steel dies since each bill then has a character and feel that is very difficult for counterfeiters to duplicate An engraved plate causes the ink to be slightly raised and the paper to be slightly depressed which produces a different haptic sensation than does paper printed by a stencil ink transfer process Mechanical tools EditFrom the beginning of the nineteenth century new tools made engraving much easier and more exact The ruling machine created parallel straight or wavy lines very close together usually for use with etching 6 Another of these tools is the geometric lathe The lathe is used to engrave images on plates which are in turn engraved on rolls for such uses as printing banknotes Another of these tools is the engraving machine This machine uses a master template to lightly engrave a duplicate image which can be then engraved by hand or etched with acid The machine also makes possible the reduction or enlargement of the letter for the duplicate image See also EditWikimedia Commons has media related to Steel engravings Engraving Line engravingNotes Edit Charles Heath walterscott lib ed ac uk Griffiths 39 Gascoigne 13a b Griffiths 152 Gascoigne 55 f g Gascoigne 55 h Griffiths 152References EditGascoigne Bamber How to Identify Prints A Complete Guide to Manual and Mechanical Processes from Woodcut to Inkjet 1986 2nd Edition 2004 Thames amp Hudson ISBN 050023454X Antony Griffiths Prints and Printmaking British Museum Press in UK 2nd edn 1996 ISBN 071412608X Bartrick Steve Copper amp steel engraving explained Retrieved 2008 09 21 Salade Robert F 1917 Plate Printing and Die Stamping New York Oswald Company Allingham Philip V 2001 01 13 The Technologies of Nineteenth Century Illustration Woodblock Engraving Steel Engraving and Other Processes Victorian Web Retrieved 2008 09 21 External links EditPrinting Methods at antiqueprints comRetrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Steel engraving amp oldid _PHONE_, wikipedia, wiki, book,
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In the recent hit-and-run death of a Lawrence resident, the suspect was charged with two felonies: leaving the scene of an accident involving the death of a person and failure to report an accident. What are the possible punishments for these crimes?
Both offenses are considered severity level 9 "person" offenses by Kansas statute, and both carry possible prison sentences of 11 to 13 months. However, both are also classified as "presumptive probation" offenses by the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines grid, meaning that a judge could sentence an offender to either prison or probation.
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Frustration toolboxes are a visual tool that help students learn to regulate their own emotions and behaviours.
Of course, with enough practice, students will have enough tools to deal with more than just frustration, but that emotion is easy to identify and works as a relatable starting point.
On the front of the toolbox graphic is a place for students to write their name, as well as a space for them to make a list of 5 strategies that they can use to help them calm when they are upset or frustrated, de-escalate when they are agitated or angry, or refocus their energy when they are overly excited or active(or tired).
- "Creating Strategies for Self-Regulation" – detailed lesson plan outlining the creation of the frustration toolboxes, from when you first start discussion of self-regulation strategies to the moment you post them on the wall
- Colourful and original handouts for student brainstorming
- All-original clipart for the creation of the frustration toolboxes
- Real life examples of completed toolboxes
- ¼ page size Frustration Toolbox desk placards
- Copies of Frustration Toolbox clipart using "Self-Regulation Toolbox" for higher grades
- "Choosing the Right Tool for the Job" – detailed Role-Playing and Reflection lesson plan for practicing selection and performance of self-regulation strategies
- 24 unique role-playing scenarios to discuss and perform
- 5 designs of reflection exercises for students before, during, and after role play exercises
- 5 versions of "Weekly Toolbox Check" journal prompt pages to engage students in regular conversations about their strategies, and offer opportunities to update and adapt their toolbox
- Additional ideas for implementation
- Colour and black and white versions of all handouts
This package is meant to accompany instruction in behavioural self-management and is intended to aid in increased engagement in a special needs setting such as a Behaviour and Learning Assistance or similar program classroom. The graphics and act of physically making a frustration toolbox, then posting it in the room has proven, in my experience, to facilitate students' critical thinking about their emotional states and the behavioural responses attributed to them. The tools act as a visual aid to help them remember that they have options available when things are getting difficult, and being able to physically choose a tool to work with adds a tangible element to an otherwise very intangible and abstract social development task. The toolboxes aid in the development of independent self-regulation, and as an added bonus, they can work as an aid in communication between the student and classroom staff. Let's say for example that you notice a student has gone to the Chill Zone, or has left the room unexpectedly. Once students are familiar with the process of grabbing a tool from their toolbox as they work to calm or de-escalate, you would be able to check that student's toolbox, and perhaps see that his "Go for a walk to the office and back" measuring tape is gone.
Please remember to take advantage of TPT's credit program: every dollar you spend earns you 1 TPT credit, and 100 credits earns you $5 toward future purchases! You only get the credits if you leave feedback, though, so please let me know what you think!


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Nanodiamonds Solve Prehistoric Mystery
Category: Science & Technology
Posted: August 28, 2014 02:07PM
Author: Guest_Jim_*
Over 13,000 years ago, many great animals lived in North America, including mastodons, saber-toothed cats, and even American horses, but they all disappeared at the end of the Pleistocene period. The exact cause of this mass extinction has been a matter of debate for some time now. Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara however have new evidence that may solve the mystery.
Studies of prehistoric times often require looking at the many layers of materials beneath us. Each layer was deposited at a certain time and the materials of each layer can tell us about the Earth's situation at the time, and about certain events. Across what is called the Younger Dryas boundary, the researchers have found many nanodiamonds. These small carbon crystals are found in their cubic forms, like those we use for jewelry, and as hexagonal crystals. What makes these particular diamonds important though is that they could only have been formed by a massive event, such as a cosmic impact.
The only other barrier that has had more than one identification of nanodiamonds is the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. The nanodiamonds in this barrier are the result of the cosmic impact that killed off the dinosaurs and many other species on Earth, 65 million years ago.
Source: University of California, Santa Barbara
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The numbers say "yes," adding weight to last year's benchmarking survey.
Does productive efficiency help determine an electric utility's prospects in regulated or competitive markets? Is productive efficiency a better marker of real-world success than simple financial attributes, such as cash flow, dividend ratio or operating income?
In unregulated markets, higher productivity translates directly into relative declines in costs and prices, and by extension, greater ability to compete and prosper. In the regulated arena, it improves the utility's earning potential through more favorable regulatory treatment, especially under performance-based ratemaking regimes. Now, however, in financial markets too, there is ample evidence that productive efficiency can secure high marks for a utility.
Prompted by competitive pressures emanating from open access on the one hand and induced by the potential rewards of performance ratemaking on the other hand, in recent years electric utilities have begun to pay increased attention to the efficiency with which they conduct their business. Productive efficiency of U.S. utilities in the production and delivery of electric power was examined in two recent studies, the results of which were published in two issues of Public Utilities Fortnightly.fn1 Using different analytic procedures, these studies produced indices of productive efficiency for about 100 investor-owned utilities, and explored patterns underlying the observed variations in efficiency in terms of geography, utility size, resource composition and other relevant dimensions.


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for Goal Setting & Sabotage Clearing.
Bromeliad Sub-family 2 – Issues with Emotion | Middle Vibration
Cryptanthus ( crip-tan-thuss ) are known as 'the Earth Stars' in horticulture because of their starlike appearance. The leaves of the Cryptanthus can be a wide range of colors from greens, to reds to dark chocolate. The patterns on the leaves are spectacular with their silver, wave-like appearance. The name is derived from the Greek words 'cryptos' ( hidden ) and 'anthos' ( flower ). There are many species of Cryptanthus and all of them are native to Brazil.
Botanical Archetype – SELF REFLECTION, Contemplation, Introspection, 'Looking to Self for Answers'.
Root Issue – PROJECTION of consciousness, 'Looking to World for Blame'.
- Self sabotage caused by hidden thought patterns.
- Blaming others or the world outside for circumstances that you played a role in creating.
- Lack of responsibility for your circumstances because you give away ownership.
Primary Emotion / Emotional Symptom – BLAME, PROJECTION of ROOT CAUSE.
- + Reflect, Contemplate, Question, Deeper Questions to Be Asked, Hidden Answers, Introspection, Meditation, Revelation, Role, Look for Answers, Own, Owning Your Reality, Take Responsibility.
- – Blame, Projection, Self Sabotage, Subconscious Thought Pattern, Hidden Issue, Seeds of Circumstance.
Lesson – All of Reality is Linked to Your Consciousness is everything.
- Cryptanthus raise awareness around hidden issues that are buried within the subconscious mind.
- Cryptanthus highlight the role that you play within circumstances.
- Cryptanthus defuse 'sabotage patterns' or more simply, 'other thoughts that are contrary to your current desire'.
A 'Botanical Archetype' provides background information about a plant family and its effects on the mind / body system.
This is the botanical symbol for genus Cryptanthus. It is found in all of our books, clinical manuals, flower notes and charts.
Simply cross-reference it to gain deeper insight into the *nature ( *genus ) of the issue ( **species )
The Skyflowers Project – Since 1997
Your purchase of any product on this website helps to fund further plant research. Thank you for your support.


than it will when you use it on a large lawn.
Though a cordless electric lawn mower can be more user-friendly & efficient for larger lawn comparing a manual mower. has a list of the best cordless lawn mowers of the year that you can check.
Also, yards that have many stony areas, twigs and sticks tend to affect the sharpness of the blade. Also, wet grass often makes blades lose their sharpness quickly.
How Do You Know It's Time to Sharpen?
You know your blades need sharpening when you start exerting more energy than usual to push your mower.
Sharpen lawn more
Also, the machine tends to be noisier than it usually is when the blades are blunt.
Besides, the blade tends to rip off grass ends and not cut them neatly. Finally, they'll show nicks around their edges.
Final Word
Without sharpening your reel mower's blades when appropriate you may ruin the machine and cause harm to yourself and your lawn.
Always make sure that your blades are in good shape before setting out to now.
Related Post: How To Use A Riding Lawn Mower?
How to Remove Pet Hair From House
Undoubtedly, our pets are dear to our hearts. Why won't they be? They're cute and are fun to be around.
However, certain qualities about them may not be so attractive— like the way they drop fur around the house. Pet hair is beautiful as long as they stay on the pet.
When they start to litter the carpet or stick to clothes, we know something has to be done. Vacuuming can help with hair removal at home.
However, what happens when we can't afford it? You don't have to worry. Here are a few inexpensive tricks that'll help you get rid of pet fur in your home.
Removing Hair from Carpet
removing hair from carpet
Sticky Tape: Perhaps you have some sticky tape lying around the house, it'll prove useful for your pet hair removal.
This process might take a while but the end result will surely wow you. The trick is to enfold the tape around your hand. Wrap it in such a way that the sticky surface is facing out.
After this is achieved, press your hand firmly on the carpet over and over, until the tape has picked as many strands as it can.
Wrap fresh tape around your hand again, and apply the same method to untouched areas. You can get the kids to participate too.
Pumice Stone: Don't let the pumice stone tucked inside a drawer in your bathroom go to waste.
How about using it to extract pet hair? One thing about pumice stone is that it is low-cost and readily available. So, grab a pumice stone, and scrape it along your carpet.
When you do this, you'll start to see the strands gathering. Merely use a vacuum to clear them out or pack and throw them away. If you frequently use to clean your couches, under kitchen cabinet or even car seats a handheld vacuum for pet hair would be wise to get.
Squeegee: A squeegee is not only good for the cleaning shower glass, but they also perform wonders when it comes to extracting unwanted hair from your carpet.
A squeegee works very much like the pumice stone in removing pet fur and is probably hidden somewhere in your bathroom too. What are you waiting for? Grab a squeegee, and go to work.
Removing Hair from Hardwood or Vinyl
Removing Hair from Hardwood
Mop: Vacuums and brooms have a way of sending hair flying around when all you really want to do is contain them.
This is one thing you won't have to worry about with a nice wet mop. Instead of sending hairs flying as brooms do, a damp mop will attract and pack them.
Besides, mops are inexpensive, and you get to use them over and over.
Fresh Grass: Using fresh grass to pack hair is not only creative, but it is also effective as well.
Take out time to cut fresh grass from your backyard, spread them on your hard floor, and see how clean your floor turns out afterward. The grass functions like a mop.
It attracts stray strands and makes them easier to pack. Simply brush everything up, and dispose of them. You could even maximize the debris by decomposing it, so your garden benefits too.
Removing Hair from Upholstery
Removing Hair from Upholstery
Rubber: There are different types of rubber out there, and quite frankly, any type will do the trick. Perhaps what you have is a pair of rubber gloves, a rubber brush, a squeegee or even a balloon.
Whatever kind of rubber you find in your house, this is your chance to make the best of it. To use this, dampen the rubber, and rub it across the surface of your upholstery.
Note, however, that a pair of rubber gloves will give the best result. You could rinse them after around, and use them again.
Also Read: How Much Should a Kirby Vacuum Cost?
Removing Hair from Clothes
Lint Roller: As much as you love your dog, wearing clothes that are covered in fur will not present the best image of you.
This is why you need to get lint rollers. They are the perfect solution for getting rid of pet hair on clothes, and they make it very easy to do so. Make sure to place it in a place where it is readily available. Damp rubber gloves work too, but those will take longer.
Put these tips into practice effectively the next time you need to carry out hair removal at home, they'll help.
How to Make Bevel Cuts on a Table Saw?
How to Make Bevel Cuts on a Table Saw
The process of cutting apart a material with an edge that is not perpendicular to the other part is known as bevel cut. Means, if you are cutting material at anything other than 90 degrees, you are making a bevel cut.
A bevel cut increases the surface area resulting in a more secure joint. So, whether it's welding, crafting or carpentry, bevels cuts are important.
How a Bevel Cut Different Than a Miter Cut?
A cut made at any angle other than ninety degrees on the workpiece along the length of its width is called a miter cut. On the other hand, the bevel cut is made along with the thickness of a workpiece.
To make a miter cut, you have to angle a blade through the horizontal plane, but for a bevel cut, you need to adjust it on a vertical plane. Hence, a bevel cut changes the angle of a material, unlike the miter cut.
A compound miter saw like Dewalt DWS779 is the best tool for a bevel cut because it allows you to adjust the blade in two different angles. First, rotate the blade on its vertical pivot to set a miter angle. Then rotate the blade again on its horizontal pivot to set a bevel angle.
Different Ways For a Bevel Cut
Bevel Cut
As we stated earlier, compound miter saws are the best to make bevel cuts. However, they cannot cut along the length. So, you can use a table or circular saw for a bevel cut. You can also use a wood router in combination with a chamfer bit. In any of the tools, you need to calculate the angle. Let's discuss them one by one.
With a Table Saw
Move or rotate the angle adjustment knob to set the desired blade angle. You will be able to see the angle just above the control, but some changes might be inaccurate.
So, use a protractor or digital inclinometer to make sure you got the right angle. Once you verify the angle, place the wooden piece, push it through the blade to get the bevel cut you need. Also you can read the ultimate buying guide of a table saw, if you don't have any.
With a Circular Saw
You can also get bevel cuts using a circular saw like SKIL 5280-01, wherein you can change the angles of its blade. Secure a wooden material with the workbench and then move the saw for better results. Follow a steady and slow movement to avoid any deviation. We also recommend using a protractor to measure the angle; just to avoid any mismatch or rework.
 With a Wood Router Tool
You can also use a woodworking router to change the straight edge of wooden material to bevel. However, you have to fit the tool with a chamfer bit like V Groove. Once ready, you will be able to choose an angle for bevel cuts.
Benefits of Bevel Cuts
 - Carpenters prefer bevel cuts for softwood materials when they need soft edges to maintain safety and increase their resistance against weathering.
 - Wooden materials with bevels trims along the edges make no damage to the adjacent wall
 - Bevel cuts give an authentically pleasing appearance
 - If you are an expert, you can make a bevel cut join look like a single piece of wood. As both the adjoining pieces will overlap each other, you can make the joint even more attractive.
 - Makes the wooden or metal joints stronger to take some extra load
It's difficult to achieve bevel cuts using hand tools because it lacks precision. Even if you are an expert, you cannot get perfect bevels using a manual saw.
Power tools are more favorable because of the accurate angles they can offer. However, not all the machines will show you an accurate angle. So, we recommend that you use a protractor or digital incline meter to make sure you got it right.
Safety Tips-Children And Lawn Mowers
Safety Tips-Children and Lawn M


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INTRODUCTION: Despite the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler ultrasound for the detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, little is known regarding the association of imaging-detected activity and synovial pathology. The purpose of this study was to compare site-specific release of inflammatory mediators and evaluate the corresponding anatomical sites by examining colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and MRI scans. METHODS: RA patients were evaluated on the basis of CDUS and 3-T MRI scans and subsequently underwent synovectomy using a needle arthroscopic procedure of the hand joints. The synovial tissue specimens were incubated for 72 hours, and spontaneous release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and IL-8 was measured by performing multiplex immunoassays. Bone marrow oedema (BME), synovitis and erosion scores were estimated on the basis of the rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (RAMRIS). Mixed models were used for the statistical analyses. Parsimony was achieved by omitting covariates with P > 0.1 from the statistical model. RESULTS: Tissue samples from 58 synovial sites were obtained from 25 patients. MCP-1 was associated with CDUS activity (P = 0.009, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.41), RAMRIS BME score (P = 0.01, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.42) and RAMRIS erosion score (P = 0.03, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.31). IL-6 was associated with RAMRIS synovitis score (P = 0.04, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.50), BME score (P = 0.04, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.31) and RAMRIS erosion score (P = 0.03, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.35). MIP-1β was associated with CDUS activity (P = 0.02, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.38) and RAMRIS synovitis scores (P = 0.02, approximate Spearman's ρ = 0.63). IL-8 associations with imaging outcome measures did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The association between imaging activity and synovial inflammatory mediators underscores the high sensitivity of CDUS and MRI in the evaluation of RA disease activity. The associations found in our present study have different implications for synovial mediator releases and corresponding imaging signs. For example, MCP-1 and IL-6 were associated with both general inflammation and bone destruction, in contrast to MIP-1β, which was involved solely in general synovitis. The lack of association of IL-8 with synovitis was likely underestimated because of a large proportion of samples above assay detection limits among the patients with the highest synovitis scores.
Original publication
Journal article
Arthritis res ther
Publication Date
Adult, Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Biomarkers, Chemokine CCL2, Chemokine CCL4, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hand Joints, Humans, Immunoassay, Inflammation Mediators, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Radiography, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Synovial Membrane, Synovitis, Tissue Culture Techniques, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color


Story of Demon Ayomukhi and Lakshman in Ramayana
Story of Demoness Ayomukhi and Lakshman is found in the Aranya Kanda of Ramayana. Sita is kidnapped and the two brothers start a frantic search for her. They meet Jatayu who was mortally injured by Ravana. He gives them the direction in which Ravana carried Sita away.
The brothers were now walking towards South. The passed through the dense forest of Dandaka forest. Then they reached a forest named Krauncharanya. Here they came across a deep cave. In the mouth of the cave they saw a Rakshasi named Ayomukhi.
The demoness was huge in size and fearful to look at. She approached Lakshman and expressed her desire to marry him.
Lakshman who was tormented by the kidnapping of Sita had no patience. He took out his sword and severed her nose, ears and breasts.
The Rakshasi ran away from the spot.


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Application tips for hard part turning
In addition to the general recommendations for turning, there are some key factors to consider for hard part turning (if production process includes own preparation of component before hardening):
- Avoid burrs
- Maintain close dimensional tolerances,
- Chamfer and produce radii in the soft stage
- Do not enter or leave cuts abruptly
- Enter or leave by rolling into or out of the cut
Surface measurementsX-axis: Feature lengthY-axis: Diameter deviation
- Good machine stability, clamping and alignment of workpiece are crucial
- As a guideline, a workpiece length-to-diameter ratio of up to 2:1 is normally acceptable for workpieces that are only supported on one end. If there is additional tailstock support, this ratio can be extended
- Note that a thermally symmetrical headstock and tailstock design will add extra dimensional stability
- Use the Coromant Capto® system
- Minimize all overhangs to maximize system rigidity
- Consider carbide shank boring bars and Silent Tools for internal turning
Insert micro geometry
Two typical edge preparations for CBN inserts are S-type and T-type.
- S-type: Has the best edge line strength. Resistant against micro chipping and ensures consistent surface quality.
- T-type: For best surface finishes in continuous cuts, and minimized burr formation in interrupted cuts. Lower cutting forces.
S-typeChamfer with light honing
T-typeChamfer with no honing
Insert corner geometry
- If conditions are stable, always use wiper geometry for best surface finish.
- Use insert with low entering angle approach when productivity demands are high.
- A normal radius insert should be used only when stability is poor (slender workpiece etc.).
Wet or dry machining
Hard part turning without coolant is the ideal situation, and is entirely feasible. Both CBN and ceramic inserts tolerate high cutting temperatures, which eliminate the costs and difficulties associated with coolants.
Some applications may require coolant, for example, to control the thermal stability of the workpiece. In such cases, ensure a continuous flow of coolant throughout the entire turning operation.
Generally, the heat generated when machining is distributed into the chip (80%), workpiece (10%) and insert (10%). This shows the importance to evacuate the chips from the cutting edge zone.
Cutting data and wear
High heat in the cutting edge zone reduces the cutting forces. Therefore a cutting speed that is too low generates less heat and can cause insert breakage.
Crater wear gradually affects the insert strength, but does not affect the surface finish as much. In contrast, flank wear gradually affects the dimensional tolerance.
Share of tool life determining wear
*) Flank wear **) Crater wear
Insert change criteria
Predetermined surface finish (B) is a frequent and practical insert change criterion. Surface finish is automatically measured in a separate station and a value is given to a specified finish quality.
For an optimized and a more stable process, set a predetermined number of components (A) as an insert change criteria. This value should be 10–20% less than the predetermined surface finish, the exact figure is determined on a case-to-case basis.
A: Predetermined number of componentsB: Predetermined surface finishX-axis: Number of componentY-axis: Surface finishBlue line: Insert wearRed line: Maximum
A one-cut "metal removal" strategy is feasible for both external and internal operations. A stable set-up is important and the tool overhang should not exceed the bar diameter in internal turning (1×D). For good machining, we recommend chamfered, lightly-honed inserts and moderate speed and feed.
- Quickest possible machining time
- One tool position
- Difficulties in meeting stringent dimensional tolerances
- Shorter tool life (than two-cut)
- Tolerance deviations due to relatively rapid wear
A two-cut strategy allows unattended machining of high-quality finished surfaces. We recommend roughing inserts with a 1.2 mm (0.047 inch) radius, and the finishing inserts with a chamfer only. Both inserts should have wiper geometry.
- Tooling optimized for roughing and finishing
- Higher security, closer tolerances and potentially longer runs between tool changes
- Two inserts are needed
- Two tool positions
- One extra tool change


text:
Students at North Hill House School are encouraged to work towards a range of academic and vocational qualifications and accreditations. We support young people to study on courses, including:
- Functional skills
- Entry level
- APT Awards
On talking about her child's achievement one parent commented that:
"What was truly remarkable is the effect it had on his mood. He allowed me to take him for lunch at Black Swan Arts and he was so chatty and cheerful - and when we got home it continued. He joined me in the garden and we shared various music videos on our phones! I haven't had such a good day with him for years, literally. It was delightful and so is he. He's still in a really good mood now, so I hope it will continue."
The school has a sustained track record of students achieving accreditation and making a successful transition to further education.
In 2019, there were five Y11 students. Of the four students who sat formal examinations:
- 100% achieved a GCSE / Functional Skills qualification in English
- 75% achieved a pass in English at grade 4-9 / Level 2
- 75% achieved a GCSE / Functional Skills qualification in Maths
- 75% achieved a GCSE / Functional Skills qualification at grade 4-9 / Level 2
- 50% achieved a double award in Science at grade 4-9
- 50% achieved five or more GCSEs at grade 1-9
- 50% achieved six or more qualifications
Two students are now following A Level courses and a further two are in post-16 education.


Quick Answer: Do Mobile Speed Cameras Catch You From The Front Or Back?
Which way does a mobile speed camera catch you?
Mobile Speed Cameras: The enforcement vehicles are only placed within road safety black spots.
How long after speed camera do you get letter?
14 daysThe letter should arrive within 14 days, and then you'll need to return the completed Section 172 notice within 28 days. Then you'll be sent a Fixed Penalty Notice (FPN). This is where you can plead guilty or not guilty.
At what distance does a mobile speed camera work?
How do I know if I have a speeding fine?
Can a speed camera van catch two cars at once?
Do speed camera vans catch you from the front?
Mobile speed cameras typically work out of parked vans, however, they can still catch motorists from a moving vehicle. Can a mobile camera detect your speed on the opposite side of the road? Yes, a laser gun is able to take accurate reading of a vehicle's exact speed as long as it is aimed at the target.
Can police speed cameras catch you both ways?
How much is a speeding fine UK 2020?
How does a speed camera calculate a car's speed?
Speed cameras detect the speed of vehicles by using detectors embedded into the road surface or radar technology. … If the speed of the vehicle exceeds the legal limit, or a vehicle runs a red light, a digital picture is taken of the offending vehicle.
Does a speed camera flash always mean a ticket?
"If you've been flashed, it doesn't mean that you'll get a ticket." True. Seeing the dreaded flash doesn't necessarily mean that you'll be seeing a notice of intended prosecution on your door mat. It's widely believed that only one in four speed camera 'flashes' actually results in a prosecution notice.
Are mobile speed cameras accurate?
What happens if you get flashed by a speed camera?
The policeman can give you a verbal warning, which a speed camera cannot, but in most cases you will either be: Offered the chance to attend a speed-awareness course, which you'll have to pay for. Issued with a Fixed Penalty Notice (a speeding ticket), with a fine of £100 and penalty points. Prosecuted for speeding.
When would you be offered a speed awareness course?
What happens if you get caught speeding more than once in a day?
If you are caught speeding several times on the same journey and accept a fixed penalty for each, you could be at risk of a penalty points disqualification (totting-up). It can happen more easily than you might think, for example where several speed cameras are placed on the same road or motorway.
Do you get a ticket in the mail for passing a school bus?
You may have received a ticket in the mail for meeting or overtaking a school bus. The police don't even have to be present at the time of the alleged violation for you to receive the citation. … Often the school bus driver is unable to identify the person who allegedly passed the bus.
Can mobile speed cameras catch you on a bend?
Typically, depending on the type of mobile speed camera, the range will be about two miles on a straight bit of road – they cannot work round bends or over brows of hills. Do mobile speed cameras need to pre-warn of their presence in an area?
Do speed cameras flash twice?
They flash twice. Then the two pictures are timed.
Can a speed camera get you on the opposite side of the road?
Are police speed vans manned?
The minimum enforcement hours for these vehicles is 7,400 hours per month, speed vans are something most motorists will come across on a regular basis. … Is there a person inside the van? These vans are manned at all times, and the GoSafe runs 24/7, for all 365 days of the year.
What are the GREY cameras on lampposts?


text:
Excessive noise from PWCs often makes them unwelcome with other vessel operators and people on shore. Be a courteous PWC operator.
- Vary your operating area, and do not keep repeating the same maneuver.
- Avoid congregating with other PWC operators near shore, which increases annoying noise levels.
- Avoid making excessive noise near residential and camping areas, particularly early in the morning.
- Avoid maneuvers that cause the engine exhaust to lift out of the water because that increases noise levels.
- Do not modify your engine exhaust system if it increases the noise. Improperly modified exhausts will not make your PWC faster and may raise the noise to an illegal level.


Since: DataTables 1.10
Search for data in the table.
The ability to search a table for data is core to the concept of DataTables, as it allows data to be easily accessed by users. This method provides the ability to control the global search of a table through the API. The global search is performed across all searchable columns (see columns.searchable to disable searching for certain columns). If data is found matching in any column, then the whole row is matched and shown in the result set. Searching on individual columns can be performed using the columns().search() and column().search() methods.
DataTables has a built in search algorithm referred to as "smart" searching and is designed to make searching the table data, easy to use for the end user. A smart search in DataTables provides the following abilities:
 - Match words out of order. For example if you search for Allan Fife it would match a row containing the words Allan and Fife, regardless of the order or position that they appear in the table.
 - Partial word matching. As DataTables provides on-the-fly filtering with immediate feedback to the user, parts of words can be matched in the result set. For example All will match Allan.
 - Preserved text. DataTables 1.10 adds the ability to search for an exact phrase by enclosing the search text in double quotes. For example "Allan Fife" will match only text which contains the phrase Allan Fife. It will not match Allan is in Fife.
The smart search ability of DataTables is performed using a regular expression and can be enabled or disabled using the third parameter of this method. If you wish to use a custom regular expression, for example to perform whole word exact matching, you would need to enable the regular expression option (second parameter) and disable the smart search option (third parameter) to ensure that the two do not conflict. DataTables provides a utility method ($.fn.dataTable.util.escapeRegex()) to escape regular expression special characters, which can be useful if you mix user input with regular expressions.
Note that this search ability in DataTables is actually technically a filter since it is subtractive. However, we term is a search to avoid naming conflict with the filter helper method.
Please be aware that this method sets the search to apply to the table only - it does not actually perform the search. In order to have the search performed and the result shown, use the draw() method, which can be called simply as a chained method of the search() method's returned object - for example table.search( 'Fred' ).draw();. This is to provide the ability to queue multiple changes before performing a draw.
function search()
Get the currently applied global search. If there is more than one table in the API's context, the search term of the first table will be returned. Use table() if you require the search term of a different table in the API's context.
The currently applied global search. This may be an empty string if no search is applied.
function search( input [, regex[, smart[, caseInsen ]]] )
Set the global search to use on the table. Note this doesn't actually perform the search, but rather queues it up - use draw() to perform the search and display the result.
DataTables API instance
Search the table using a custom input:
// _TAG_ is a element
$('_TAG_').on( 'keyup', function () {
 table.search( this.value ).draw();
} );


text:
Hal Leonard Essential Elements For Recorder Book/CD Pack
Recorder & Flutophone Instruction
- Write a Review
45 day price guarantee, 45 day return policy, 100% secure shopping
An instructional softcover book and CD kit for instructors of beginner-level recorder players.
Designed for today's classroom, Hal Leonard's new Essential Elements Classroom Method for Recorder includes easy-to-use technology features that enhance the learning experience for any teaching situation. Essential Elements for Recorder can also be an effective tool for introducing or reinforcing general music concepts, as an introduction to ensemble performance (band, orchestra, and choir), or individual or small group instruction. High quality accompaniments, featuring REAL instruments, expertly arranged for young musicians, in a variety of styles to make practicing productive and fun. EE recorder tracks also introduce various music ensembles such as band, orchestra, and choir.
The book features over 130 songs, instrument basics, music reading, duets and rounds, music history, and a fingering chart. The enhanced CD features play-along tracks for lessons 1-57; tempo adjustment software that enables students to slow down the tracks while they're learning; and a start-up video that you can watch on computer to get you off to a great start!
- Format: Softcover with CD
- Author: Charles Menghini
- Author: Kaye Clements
- Author: Paul Lavender
Essential Elements For Recorder Book/CD Pack Specifications:
- ISBN: 9781423481270
- UPC: 884088404840
- Width: 9.0"
- Length: 12.0"
- 32 pages


text:
While many companies use shoe covers to prevent contamination, many Shoe Inn customers also use sticky mats to maximize contamination prevention. The utilization of multi-layer adhesive mats for cleanrooms is almost universal. However, how the mats are used is unique to each cleanroom. Mats can vary in size, color, number, and placement based on the logistics and characteristics of each individual cleanroom.
Mats should be placed in an area where they will be on clean, hard flooring. They should be placed just before or just after the ingress/egress point for each cleanliness or control change. It is suggested that the placement sites are worked backward from the final clean area or cleanroom.
- cleanroom – gowning area
- cleanroom – staging area
- gowning area – control area
- control area – common hallway
- common hallway – warehouse or receiving
- common hallway – public area
Matting should be placed so that all those passing through that point must step on the mats. Matting should be placed with the longer dimension of the mat in the same direction as the traffic flow for maximum footfalls on each mat. The minimum number of footfalls should be two with each foot for each location.
The proper size mat for each area of placement depends on the width of the opening and the variance and direction of the traffic. Normally the width of the mat should be 2/3rds to 3/4ths of the width of the doorway. It does not normally need to cover the full width because ordinary traffic passes through the middle of the doorway and not along the edge. However, if the traffic enters at a sharp angle or from the side of the entryway, then the width of the mat needs to be wider than the doorway to allow for enough footfalls.
As stated above, the length of the mat should be long enough to provide at least two footfalls with each foot at each location. Usually this is a minimum of 45 inches.
The color of the mats, which has no effect on the function of the mat, can vary from standard blue, white, and grey to custom colors and printed messages. In general, white shows the most dirt and particulates, and is normally preferred to make sure the layers are changed at frequent enough intervals. However, grey and blue work just as well when a maintenance schedule is set.
How often the layers should be removed depends on a number of factors:
- How dirty the area the personnel are coming from is.
- The number of people or pairs of feet per shift or per hour.
- The difference in cleanliness between the areas.
- The size of the mats and how many mats or locations are in the series.
In general, areas farther away from the cleanroom will be dirtier. Changing the layers at this point of use every half hour would be a benchmark with which to start. The final entry area into the cleanroom is probably from a clean area to a very clean area and each layer may last 4 to 8 hours.
However, this is just a rough guideline and each point of use will vary greatly. A few days of use and observation will help to determine the optimal mat layer change interval.
- Before placing a new mat down or replacing an existing mat, thoroughly clean the surface to remove contamination that may act as a barrier and keep the mat from properly adhering to the floor. Make sure to remove any adhesive residue if you are replacing an existing mat. It is recommended to use a pre-saturated wiper that contains a percentage of isopropyl alcohol. Make sure the surface is completely dry before application.
- To apply the mat, remove half of the release liner in the long direction of the mat, which will help with the alignment of the mat.
- Once you have the mat properly aligned in the location you want, start smoothing out the half of the mat with the adhesive exposed. Start at one end and work toward the middle making sure you do not trap air under the mat as you go, then remove the rest of the release liner and smooth the rest of the mat out in the same direction in which you removed the release liner.
Matting should be stored flat and for several hours in similar climate conditions as the point of use. For ideal results, the mats should be used in a controlled environment setting but may be placed in any area that has a temperature of 54-95 oF (12-35 oC).
Long-term storage of mats should always be on a flat and hard surface. Storage on the original shipping pallet is recommended. Normal warehouse conditions are usually acceptable but extreme temperatures (less than 32 or greater than 105 oF / 0 or 40 oC) should be avoided.
Storage of mats longer than one year from the date of purchase is not recommended. However, under normal storage conditions, matting should not have any variation in performance for a period of up to three years.
The utilization of multi-layer sticky mats for cleanrooms is almost universal. In fact, many customers who use the Shoe Inn automatic shoe cover dispensing system also use these adhesive mats to further help prevent contamination within controlled environments. Depending on various factors such as how dirty the area the personnel are coming from is and the level of cleanliness desired or mandated, this combined approach may be advisable or even required.


text:
Covalent protein-oligonucleotide conjugates by copper-free click reaction.
Covalent protein-oligodeoxynucleotide (protein-ODN) conjugates are useful in a number of biological applications, but synthesizing discrete conjugates-where the connection between the two components is at a defined location in both the protein and the ODN-under mild conditions with significant yield can be a challenge. In this article, we demonstrate a strategy for synthesizing discrete protein-ODN conjugates using strain-promoted azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (SPAAC, a copper-free 'click' reaction). Azide-functionalized proteins, prepared by enzymatic prenylation of C-terminal CVIA tags with synthetic azidoprenyl diphosphates, were 'clicked' to ODNs that had been modified with a strained dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO-ODN). The resulting protein-ODN conjugates were purified and characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and gel electrophoresis. We find that the yields and reaction times of the SPAAC bioconjugation reactions are comparable to those previously reported for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (CuAAC) bioconjugation, but require no catalyst. The same SPAAC chemistry was used to immobilize azide-modified proteins onto surfaces, using surface-bound DIBO-ODN as a heterobifunctional linker. Cu-free click bioconjugation of proteins to ODNs is a simple and versatile alternative to Cu-catalyzed click methods.
Khatwani, SL; Kang, JS; Mullen, DG; Hast, MA; Beese, LS; Distefano, MD; Taton, TA
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Pubmed Central ID
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)


text:
"I think that's the weakest link in the system … dealing with and getting parents into proper good care … there's not enough information given to the children."
A summary of the focus-group research exploring patient and caregiver experiences, recommendations and perspectives on healthcare integration in Ontario. This research formed the basis of The Change Foundation's first health integration report, Who Is the Puzzle Maker? Among the top learnings from this research: While patients are increasingly educated about health issues, they do not have a comparable understanding of the healthcare system. This knowledge would be very helpful for both patients and caregivers to ease their navigation through the system.


text:
Definition of coccolith in English:
A minute, rounded, calcareous platelet, numbers of which form the spherical shells of coccolithophores.
- At this rate it is possible to produce an average 100 metre thickness of coccoliths as calcareous ooze on the ocean floor in less than 200 years.
- Chalk, though it may include shell fragments, is predominantly composed of coccoliths from planktonic algae, forming fine-grained limestone.
- The living cell possesses a gelatinous sheath in which are embedded calcareous plates termed coccoliths.
Mid 19th century: from Greek kokkos 'grain or berry' + lithos'stone'.
Definition of coccolith in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
Are you ready for a new kind of word game?
Match word blocks by category. Discover the words.
Do you trust your vocabulary?
Word Block mind is an innovative and brand new word search game with challenging puzzles. Find hidden words inside word blocks and swipe to collapse! A new free puzzle game for everyday brain gymnastics with your friends and family.
** Swipe to reveal hidden words in Word blocks
** Words will be crushed after shifting the correct letters
** New secret words will occur after the collapse of letters
** Search and find words, crush them and solve puzzles
** At first it's easy, it gets harder as it progresses.
Why should he play?
If you get bored with classic word-scrolling games, Word Surf offers a whole new game. Addictive, brain-challenging game experience that is loved by word game players.
* Every puzzle has a subject. You can use it to find the relevant words and solve the puzzle.
* The puzzle will evolve to find the words and smash them.
* Hundreds of levels and thousands of words await you.
* Fill word bucket by finding extra words. You make money when the bucket is full!
* You can use the hint keys when you're stuck!
Do you like playing word games with your friends and family? Want to be a real word search master?
Download now completely FREE! Start playing the FREE addictive word search game!


Thursday, July 31, 2008
Math problems of the week: Grade 5 Trailblazers vs. Singapore Math
1. From the final page of the 5th grade Math Trailblazer's Student Guide:
Write a paragraph comparing two pieces of work in your portfolio that are alike in some way. For example, you can compare two labs or your solutions to two problems you solved. One piece should be new and one should be from the beginning of the year. Use these questions to help you write your paragraph:
* Which two pieces did you choose to compare?
* How are they alike? How are they different?
* Do you see any improvement in the newest piece of work as compared to the older work? Explain.
* If you could redo the older piece of work, how would you improve it?
* How could you improve the newer piece of work?
Write about your favorite piece of work in your portfolio. Tell why you like it. Explain what you learned from it.
2. From the final page of the 5th grade Singapore Math Primary Mathematics Workbook 5B:
Roxanne types at a rate of 5 pages in 45 minutes.
(a) How long will she take to type 1 page?
(b) How many pages can she type in 1 minute?
(c) Let y = the minutes and x = the number of pages. Write an equation relating the number of pages typed to the minutes.
(d) Use the equation to find how long will she take to type 20 pages.
(e) Graph the equation. Label the axes appropriately.
(f) From the graph, find the number of pages typed at 27 min.
(g) Use the graph to find the time taken to type 4 pages.
Need we say more?
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
Gender differences in today's math tests
A recent study by University of Wisconsin psychologist Janet Hyde shows, quoting an article in Science Now:
"no gender difference" in [standardized math test] scores among children in grades two through 11. compared with Hyde's previous study, nearly 20 years ago, which found:
a trivial gap in math test scores between boys and girls in elementary and middle school.
Hyde's study notes that:
Among students with the highest test scores... white boys outnumbered white girls by about two to one. Among Asians, however, that result was nearly reversed. Hyde says that suggests that cultural and social factors, not gender alone, influence how well students perform on tests.
The study's most disturbing finding, which hasn't received anything like the media attention that its gender comparison has garnered:
Another factor that may distort today's test results is the new practice of not granting full credit to unexplained answers. The better you are at math, the more annoying it is to keep explaining how you solved easy questions.
I doubt that my brother, an accomplished mathematician with a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, would have cooperated at all: he would then have gotten only half credit for each problem, and, I'm guessing, would have scored way below average.
To the extent that these tests are used to determine admission to accelerated math programs, all the worse for the math buffs.
Tuesday, July 29, 2008
The end of linear, analytical reading?
A third education article in this past weekend's New York Times addresses the "new kind of reading" done by the growing number of "Internet readers."
Instead of the focusing on a linear progression of a single author's view point, from predetermined start to predetermined finish, as readers of traditional prose do, Internet readers can skip ahead via key-word searches and click from link to link, "quickly find[ing] different points of view on a subject and convers[ing] with others on line, and "compos[ing] their own beginnings, middles, and ends."
For example, the article describes how one child conducts Internet research on 19th-century Chief Justice Roger B. Taney:
 ...[H]e typed Taney's name into Google and scanned the Wikipedia entry and other biographical sites. Instead of reading an entire page, he would type in a search word like "college" to find Taney's alma mater, assembling his information nugget by nugget.
In our education world, with its celebration of multiple solutions, multiple literacies, and child-centered, child-constructed learning, is it any surprise that every single person the article quotes in support of this new reading is an education professor?
First there's Rand Spiro, professor of educational psychology at Michigan State University, who argues that kids "aren't as troubled as some of us older folks are by reading that doesn't go in a line," and adds, "That's a good thing because the world doesn't go in a line, and the world isn't organized into separate compartments or chapters." He also notes that "[i]t takes a long time to read a 400-page book," and that the Internet lets people "cover a lot more of the topic from different points of view" in "a tenth of the time."
Then there's Donna Alvermann, professor of language and literacy at the University of Georgia: "Kids are using sound and images so they have a world of ideas to put together that aren't necessarily language oriented." She adds that "[b]ooks aren't out of the picture, but they're only one way of experiencing information in the world today."
Finally we have Michael L. Kamil, a professor of education at Stanford who lobbied for an Internet component of the federal "nation's report card" tests, who says that today's children "are going to grow up having to be highly competent on the Internet."
Those who worry about the predominance of "the new reading," on the other hand, hail uniformly from outside the education establishment.
First there's Dana Gioia of the National Endowment for the Arts: "What we are losing in this country and presumably around the world is the sustained, focused, linear attention developed by reading."
Then there's Nicholas Carr, author of "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" in the current issue of the Atlantic, who speculates that the Internet "is chipping away my capacity for concentration and contemplation," making it difficult for him to read long books.
Then there are scientists. Noting neurological studies that "show that learning to read changes the brain's circuitry," the Times reports scientists as speculating "that reading on the Internet may also affect the brain's hard wiring in a way that is different from book reading." Some scientists, it notes, "worry that the fractured experience typical of the Internet could rob developing readers of crucial skills."
In particular, Ken Pugh, a cognitive neuroscientist at Yale who, quoting the Times, "has studied brain scans of children reading," argues that:
Where does all of this leave linear, "left-brained" thinkers, or the left-brain skills of the population at large?
Sunday, July 27, 2008
Right-brained science: explaining your answer in pictures
This weekend's New York Times EducationLife section reports on:
...a continuing collaborative project called Picturing to Learn, supported by a $500,000 National Science Foundation grant and also involving Duke University and Roxbury Community College in Boston. The project is an effort to improve basic science education.
Picturing to Learn explains its core premises as follows:
1. From a student's perspective: undergraduate students can clarify their own understanding of scientific concepts and processes by creating drawings that explain these concepts to non-experts.
2. From a teacher's perspective: drawings can be useful as:
- assessment tools, allowing instructors to identify students' scientific understanding and pinpoint their misconceptions
- educational tools, to help inform instructors' lecture preparation.
The article cites principal investigator Felice Frankel, "a science photographer who teaches at Harvard," as arguing that "having students draw... forces them to prove they understand the concepts."
As an example of this, the article cites:
Donald R. Sadoway, who teaches introductory chemistry at M.I.T., [and] collaborates with Ms. Frankel. He assigned his 600 students to answer a question about the boiling points of calcium oxide and calcium sulfide by drawing a picture for a high school student. The crux was to see if they understood which forces holding molecules together are stronger. A typical answer showed atoms holding hands while others tugged at them.
"M.I.T. students are usually good at math," he says, "but sometimes you discover they've memorized the equations and use the right buzzwords. You don't know if they're just not a good writer or if they've bungled the whole concept. If you make them do a picture, you can zero in on things that words might conceal."
As its $500,000 in public funding indicates, Picture to Learn is jumping on an educational bandwagon that already favors the concrete and visual over the abstract and verbal--as a quick tour through Reform Math makes evident.
In the driver's seat is a sort of right-brained totalitarianism whose potential effects on left-brained science students are chilling:
What about people who are good writers and aren't good illustrators?
Why couldn't someone explain which forces are stronger--or any other number of scientific concepts--using words?
Why force all students to learn the material, and justify their answers, using a particular modality (whichever one happens to be most fashionable among education experts)?
What business does how you learned something, as opposed to whether your learned it, have in teacher assessments?
Saturday, July 26, 2008
The charter school alternative: how much of


quotation marks. Abbreviations are expanded as soon as any non-keyword character, or the key c_, is typed.
:ab[breviate] [-group={group}] [-js] {lhs} {rhs}
:ab[breviate] [-group={group}] {lhs}
Abbreviate {lhs} to {rhs}. If only {lhs} is given, list all abbreviations that start with {lhs}. If no arguments are given, list all abbreviations.
If the -javascript (short names -js, -j) option is given, {lhs} is expanded to the value returned by the JavaScript code {rhs}. The code is evaluated with the variable editor set to the editable element that the abbreviation is currently being expanded in. The code should not make any changes to the contents of the editor.
If {group} is specified then abbreviations are created or listed for the given group.
:ca[bbreviate] {lhs} {rhs}
:ca[bbreviate] {lhs}
Abbreviate a key sequence for Command Line mode. Same as :ab[breviate], but for Command Line mode only.
:ia[bbreviate] {lhs} {rhs}
:ia[bbreviate] {lhs}
Abbreviate a key sequence for Insert mode. Same as :ab[breviate], but for Insert mode only.
:una[bbreviate] {lhs}
Remove an abbreviation. With [!], remove all abbreviations.
:cuna[bbreviate] {lhs}
Remove abbreviation(s) for Command Line mode. Same as :una[bbreviate], but for Command Line mode only.
:iuna[bbreviate] {lhs}
Remove abbreviation(s) for Insert mode. Same as :una[bbreviate] but for Insert mode only.
User-defined commands
Defining new commands is perhaps the most straightforward way of repeating commonly used actions. User-defined commands may be entered from the command line or scripts exactly like standard commands, and may similarly accept arguments, options, counts, and [!]s, as well as provide command-line completion. These commands may be defined as either ordinary, macro-interpolated Ex commands, or otherwise as plain JavaScript statements.
List all user-defined commands.
:com[mand] [cmd]
List all user-defined commands that start with [cmd]. Commands are partitioned into groups.
:com[mand][!] [{options}…] {cmd} {rep}
Define a new user command. The name of the command is {cmd} and its replacement text is {rep}. If a command with this name already exists, an error is reported unless [!] is specified, in which case the command is redefined. Unlike Vim, the command may start with a lowercase letter. {cmd} may also be multiple alternative command names separated by commas.
The new command is usually defined by a string to be executed as an Ex command. In this case, before execution, strings of the form <{var}> are interpolated as described below, in order to insert arguments, options, and the like. If the -javascript (short name -js) flag is present, the command is executed as JavaScript, and the arguments are present as variables in its scope instead, and no interpolation is performed.
The command's behavior can be altered by providing options when the command is defined.
The -group flag (short name: -g) can be used to assign this command to a specific group. When listing commands this limits the output to the specified group.
Argument handling
By default, user commands accept no arguments. This can be changed by specifying the -nargs option.
The valid values are:
No arguments are allowed (default)
One argument is allowed
Zero or more arguments are allowed
Zero or one argument is allowed
One or more arguments are allowed
Argument completion
Completion for arguments to user-defined commands is not available by default. Completion can be enabled by specifying one of the following arguments to the -complete option when defining the command.
alternate author style sheets
character sets
color schemes
Ex commands
Firefox dialogs
environment variables
autocommand events
installed extensions
help tags
highlight groups
browsing history
JavaScript expressions
named macros
user mappings
local page marks
menu items
Pentadactyl options
Firefox preferences
quick marks
runtime paths
search engines and keywords
shell commands
sidebar panels
user commands
custom completion, provided by {thing}
Custom completion
Custom completion can be provided by specifying the custom,{thing} argument to -complete. If {thing} evaluates to a function (i.e., it is a variable holding a function value, or a string containing the definition itself), it is called with two arguments: a completion context, and an object describing the command's arguments. It should set the context's completions property to the list of completion results. Other influential properties include title, sort, anchored, and filters, which are documented in the source code.
completions is a two-dimensional array of the form: [[val1, description1], [val2, description2], …]
Otherwise {thing} should evaluate to an array of the same form as the completions property of the context object.
:command foo -nargs=? -complete custom,
 \ function (context) context.completions = [["val1", "description1"], ["val2", "description2"]]
 \ :echo Useless +
:command foo -nargs=?
 \ -complete custom,[["val1", "description1"], ["val2", "description2"]]
 \ :echo Same as above but simpler +
Count handling
By default, user commands do not accept a count. Use the -count option if you'd like to have a count passed to your user command. This will then be available for expansion as in the replacement.
Special cases
By default, a user command does not have a special version, i.e. a version executed with the! modifier. Providing the -bang option will enable this and will be available in the replacement.
Command description
The command's description text can be set with -description. Otherwise it will default to "User-defined command".
Replacement text
The replacement text {rep} is scanned for macro-strings and these are replaced with values from the user-entered command line. The resulting string is then executed as an Ex command.
In addition to the standard parameters listed in macro-string, the following parameters are available:
The command arguments exactly as supplied
Any supplied count, e.g. 5
! if the command was executed with the! modifier
:delc[ommand] {cmd}
Delete the user-defined command {cmd}. With [!], delete all user commands.
Add a :Google command to search via google:
:command -nargs=* Google open google


text:
By Curtis C. Ebbesmeyer
Using flotsam to study ocean currents
Beachcombers, scientists and reporters ask if flotsam contributes to the understanding of ocean surface currents. Amongst beached debris — plastic bottles, fishing nets, tires, sea-beans, volcanic pumice, sneakers, gloves, toys, light sticks, rope, beer cans, logs, medical waste, lighters, cigarette butts — lie drifters telling from whence they floated. To messages in bottles (MIBs), add traceable debris from container spills, license tags from lobster pots, and flotsam from myriad other sources.
Much can be learned from this accidental oceanography. Of the hundred million cargo containers shipped overseas annually, several thousand fall overboard. Each container may hold 10,000 sneakers. Until the incident in 1990 in which 80,000 Nike sneakers fell overboard in the mid-North Pacific Ocean, I employed two instruments for learning where surface currents transported drifters: 1) satellite-tracked drifters which transmitted positions daily over intervals of months to a few years; and 2) MIBs which requested beachcombers to report where and when they stranded.
The great sneaker spill revealed another tool. Each Nike shoe carries a code as traceable as a MIB. The code 90 04 06 indicated that Nike Company ordered the 1990 sneakers in April (04) for delivery during June (06). Media and beachcomber reporting provided data regarding where and when 2.5% of the lost sneakers washed up, a percentage matching the 2.8% of the 19,449 MIBs released during _PHONE_ upstream of the sneaker spill.
Unmarked container flotsam may also provide instruments. On January 10, 1992, 28,800 plastic tub toys — turtles, ducks, beavers, and frogs— fell overboard in the mid-Pacific upcurrent of the sneaker spill. Amongst the myriad toys adrift, these four critters which were designed by child psychologist T. Barry Brazelton and manufactured by The First Years, Inc. are unique in Charlotte Lee's Guinness Book of World Records collection o f 1,900 toy ducks.
The number of toys reported totaled about 3.3% of those spilled. Though the toys carried no traceable ID, I received as many reports as if they had. I tracked the tub toys for 14 years, knowing as much about where the toys drifted as if the same number of MIBs had been released.
Traceable flotsam provides the times and positions of the release and recovery points. In the 1800s, these data were pioneering, but the main question we ask today is, can the data garnered from drifters contribute anything of value to modern oceanography?
A comparable answer comes from many drifters for which we know the time and location on both sides of the ocean. Those that strand for a time scatter the elapsed times, whereas those that remain adrift cluster around a mean value within narrow statistical confidence limits. Flotsam contributes to oceanography through the statistics of large numbers.
Point measurements of currents circumscribe the ocean's global conveyor belts, but do drifters actually go all the way around them? Multiple lines of evidence suggest so. Recently, three colleagues and I focused on a segment of a conveyor belt — the North Pacific Sub arctic Gyre — using the tub toys, infant sandals, pumice, MIBs, computer drifters, and spectra of water properties. We combined flotsam with water properties because we consider the ocean to be comprised of discrete slabs of water, each with differing temperatures and salinities produced by varying atmospheric conditions. Drifting objects and spectra yielded means and standard deviations, which were not statistically different at the 95% confidence level. The combined data indicate that within a nine percent uncertainty, a drifter takes on average three years to circle 12,000 kilometers around the Subarctic Gyre.
To gather and interpret traceable flotsam, I established an international network of beachcombers known as the Beachcombers Alert (_URL_). Forty newsletters later, the power of the Alert network became evident in the regular reporting of old drift cards and bottles, debris from container spills and crustacean tags. Each year, lobstermen set 10-20 million traps along the US and Canadian east coasts. Each trap sports a tag, and each decade some 14 million tags float free, exceeding the six million historic MIBs released worldwide during _PHONE_.
The Alert network also contributes to traditional oceanographic studies. Most were funded only for a few years after the last drifter release, leaving beachcombers with nowhere to report. During _PHONE_, for example, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) set out tens of thousands of plastic cards in response to significant oil spills along the East Coast from Florida to Massachusetts. Years later, NOAA entrusted me to be the keeper of their drift card records. After a quarter century, reports continue trickling in, occasionally extending the cards' endurance record. The coating of slowing-growing bryozoans attested to their decades at sea. As of 2006, NOAA's three oldest cards drifted 28.6, 27.8 and 26.6 years 7- 9 times around the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre.
Major blocks of ocean surface current data result from releases of more than 100,000 traceable drifters, or a Traceable Drifter Unit (TDU). A review of historical records reveals on the order of ten TDU from university and governmental organizations. Non-conventional programs include the release of beer bottles by the Guinness Brewing Company (2 TDU, 1950s), MIBs with Biblical tracts by a dozen evangelical churches (3 TDU, 1950s), and bottles full of propaganda from the Taiwanese government (1 TDU, 1980s). In present years, crustacean tags, container spills, and MIBs released by mariners annually contribute 3 TDU.
For centuries, drifters have taught us the broad sweep of ocean currents. In the 1800s, drifting derelict vessels revealed the subtropical planetary gyres in the North Pacific and Atlantic and Oceans (Brooks, 1875; Richardson, 1985). By their endurance for as long as a century, flotsam provides a tool for tracing long planetary drifts. Drifters riding the global conveyor belts, for example, require twenty years to circle the earth. We must develop networks, which remain vigilant to collect this flotsam.
Everything afloat has an important story to tell.
Gyre Planetary vortex connecting continents
Brooks, C. W., 1875. Japanese wrecks stranded and picked up adrift in the North Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 6, 50-66.


Miniature airspeed sensor for RC plane and UAVs.
Build and test of a miniature Pitot static (Prandtl) tube. Parts and electronic design are described. In flight airspeed performance is compared to a GPS ground speed used as reference. Wind speed is estimated to remove bias between airspeed and ground speed.
Inverted Pendulum
LQR stabilization of an inverted pendulum platform based on a low-cost toy. Simulink model and generation of code for dsPIC Microchip microcontroller are provided (Rapid Control Prototyping: RCP)


text:
How Does a Dollar Peg Work?A country's finance minister will monitor his country's currency exchange rate relative to the dollar's value. If the currency falls below a certain range, he will buy dollars -- usually in the form of U.S. Treasuries. This increase the dollar's value so it once again falls within the intended range. If the dollar were to rise above the range, the country would sell its Treasuries to lower the dollar's value back within its targeted range.
Why Do Countries Peg Their Currency to the DollarHowever, most countries try to keep the value of their currency lower than the dollar. This gives them a comparative advantage by making their exports to America cheaper. A great example of this is China, which pegs its currency (the yuan) to the dollar to maintain competitive pricing.
Other countries, like the oil-exporting nations in the Gulf Cooperation Council, must peg their currency to the dollar because their primary export, oil, is sold in dollars. As the dollar has declined, they've become large owners of dollars in their sovereign wealth funds. These petrodollars are often invested in the U.S. to earn a greater return. In fact, Abu Dhabi invested petrodollars in Citigroup to prevent its bankruptcy in 2008. Countries that do a lot of trading with China or oil-exporting countries will also peg their currency to the dollar to remain competitive with their customer.


text: This panorama of a University of Pittsburgh football game at Heinz Field was photographed by James Blakeway. The Panthers football team moved to Heinz Field in 2001. Located near the Allegheny, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, the Panthers share Heinz Field with the Pittsburgh Steelers. It is considered one of the finest football stadiums in the country, with a capacity of over 65,000 fans. The University, founded in a log cabin in 1787, is among the oldest institutions of higher education in the United States. The Panther, a formidable creature once indigenous to the Pittsburgh area, was adopted as the University of Pittsburgh's mascot in 1909.


text:
Google essentially analyzes source code and not screen appearance. There is a small part of the algorithm that does simulate the screen appearance of a page - done so that the content area and its links get the most importance, and things like footer links are given less pop. Screen simulation is also part of Google's check for possible spam factors, such as hidden text.
So the answer is essentially no. Text justification is not a ranking factor.
Now if the page layout gives the visitor a bad time, then that dissatisfaction make create a domino effect: fewer natural links, no social media attention, things like that. So indirectly, the way text is justified may affect ranking, but that's IN-directly.
You want to make sure that the page is highly readable. Justified text on screen tends to be harder to read, because a browser does not currently have elaborate kerning functions the way that printed documents do.


Gentle Leader Training: 3 Common Misconceptions
By Daniel Stevens and Martin Olliver
The Gentle Leader® is a dog collar that looks and works differently than a traditional dog collar that goes around the neck. It is a "head harness" that consists of a nylon nose strap and neck strap. The lead is attached to a ring at the end of short strap that extends under the chin. Based on the premise of a horse's bridle, The Gentle Leader® allows owners to control the head of the dog, and by doing so they can easily control the movement of the animal.
The straps are each designed to have a specific function: the nose loop is said to mimic the practice of demonstrating pack dominance between two animals by firmly taking a dog's muzzle in their own; the neck strap is intended to calm the dog by mimicking the practice of a mother grasping her pups by the back of the neck.
Dogs tend to respond to an applied force by exerting an opposing force, which is why they often respond to a backwards pull of lead with more pulling. The Gentle Leader® is designed to reverse this behavior, and arrest forward movement when force is exerted on the neck.
Here are some common criticisms of the Gentle Leader® and our response to them:
 - The science is suspect. Some have questioned the concept behind the Gentle Leader®, specifically whether or not the individual straps actually accomplish what they are said to. We are slightly sympathetic to this view, in that the explanation of the lead's mechanics can sound over-determined. But regardless of whether these straps are actually mimicking pack behaviors, there is not doubt that the lead effectively controls the dog's head. When you've used it and seen it work, it doesn't need to be any more complicated than that.
 - It looks like a muzzle. It's not a muzzle. A dog on a Gentle Leader® can vocalize, eat, drink, and smile.
 - Dogs hate wearing it. Many dogs will make a tremendous fuss about wearing it at first. Some will act like it's intolerable, and try to paw at it or rub their face on the ground. This display is temporary, and it's important to realize that they are not responding to pain but rather to a form of discipline.
Also, it's likely that people are so used to seeing dogs pulling on their lead and gasping for breath they no longer see THIS method of dog control as inhumane. As more people become educated about alternatives to conventional collars and leads, the more they will accept them.
The same goes for their dogs. In any case, they'll get used to it, and fairly quickly too. We start many dogs on the Gentle Leader® collar and eventually move off it to a regular neck collar, once the unwanted behaviors have disappeared. Some owners (such as those in more rural areas) find that they don't need a lead at all.
(Note: Like any piece of equipment, the Gentle Leader® must be used safely and properly. NEVER yank the Gentle Leader® lead).
 - In one case we've found that the dog's skin showed over-sensitivity to the nylon on its snout. We refitted the collar (both straps are adjustable), but that didn't work. The irritation remained, so we just stopped using it.
Our opinion of the product differs from trainers who see it only as a restraining mechanism, rather than a more versatile training tool. We found the product effective in correcting pulling, lunging, and jumping, and had marked success in using it to help owners facilitate basic training commands such as "sit" and "down." The product information notes that the collar will stop unwanted barking, but we found the lead less effective in this regard.
As its name implies, we do find the Gentle Leader® more gentle and more humane than a lead that "teaches" by reminding the animal that you can stop their breathing. The only qualification would be a potentially difficult introduction period of the lead.
For this reason, and as with any training tool, the Gentle Leader Training should be introduced gradually and with positive association and reinforcement. If they come to suspect or even fear the lead, you will have a challenge on your hands.
So lead gently. They will follow.
About The Authors
Martin Olliver has over 12 years experience in dog training and is a proud member of the Kingdom of Pets team. He is the author of the newly released Ultimate Guide to House Training.
Got Dog Obedience Training or Problem Behavior Issues?
Dog Breeds


text:
Definition of gypsy :
1. A cunning or crafty person
2. A darkcomplexioned person.
3. Alt. of Gipsy, moth
4. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany.
5. Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies.
6. The language used by the gypsies.
7. To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods.
- You mane a gypsy that rides round the counthry? - "Flamsted quarries", Mary E. Waller.
- But Will and Joe and the gypsy Puglioni went back to their gin, and robbed and cheated again in the tavern of foul repute, and knew not that in their sinful lives they had sinned one sin at which the Angels smiled. - "The Sword of Welleran and Other Stories", Lord Dunsany.
- The eyes of the stranger and the gypsy met. - "The Redemption of David Corson", Charles Frederic Goss.


Field Dressing Deer for Beginners: Best Practices
In this blog post, we will be discussing how to field dress a deer. Field dressing is an essential step in the process of harvesting game meat. If you don't field dress your deer, it can spoil and ruin your meat before you ever get it home or cooked! The best way to learn how to field dress a deer for beginners is by watching someone who knows what they are doing and asking questions when needed. All too often, people try to wing it on their own only to end up with a mess of blood all over themselves and no idea what they did wrong. In this blog post, I will give you everything that you need so that you can do things right the first time around!
Harvesting Game Meat
You may be wondering why you need to harvest game meat. Well, deer meat is not like beef or chicken. It needs to be harvested and appropriately dressed for it to taste good! Deer meat, in particular, can go wrong quickly, especially if you let it sit out for too long. The good news is that if you know how to field dress a deer correctly, you can have fresh meat on the table in as little as an hour! This is, of course, if you are close to your home.
The Process of Field Dressing a Deer
Field dressing is the process of removing all internal organs from an animal. Before you can do this, it is necessary to remove any entrails in or near the animal's abdominal cavity. The next step would be to skin out and quarter your deer carcass. Cutting off the legs just above where they meet with the body will make them easier to handle when transporting back home! Once field dressed, a deer should weigh around 100 pounds on average, which means that if you're hunting for meat alone, then one deer should provide enough food for your family as long as you plan by freezing (or storing) some cuts now so that there won't be anything left over after the field dressing is complete.
Tools Used
The tools used to field dress a deer include a knife, kitchen shears, a spoon, or a small bowl to collect the entrails and organs from inside the body cavity. Preparation for field dressing includes removing any unwanted parts of the deer, such as antlers or horns that could limit how close you can get to your animal. You may also want an extra set of hands nearby to help with this process if you're not alone in your hunt!
Step One In Field Dressing Your Deer
The first step to field dressing a deer is to make an initial incision in the hide that goes from just below the navel on one side of the deer's body up to, but not through, a similar point on the other side.
Step Two In Field Dressing Your Deer
The next step is then to make another cut across and around this opening to form a flap. This will allow you access to all parts of your animal for removing entrails without touching or contaminating any internal organs with external material like dirt or bacteria from outside sources. The goal is always cleanliness!
Parts to Discard
The parts of the deer that you want to leave in the field would be the head, the entire digestive tract (except for the heart and liver), all of the inedible muscle meat on legs and other extremities.
How long should Field dressing take?
Field dressing a deer needs to be done at a quick pace. This process should be completed in less than a few minutes. Any longer and you run the risk of creating an environment that is not safe for the meat.
How to Cook Deer Meat
There are many different methods for cooking deer meat. Some of the most common ways to cook deer meat include grilling, roasting, smoking, and frying.
Grilling Deer Meat
When grilling deer meat, you want to cook it for a few minutes on each side. An excellent tip for grilling deer meat is to marinate it before cooking the first time.
Roasting Deer Meat
The best way to cook a whole roast of deer meat is in an oven between 350°F and 425°F degrees Fahrenheit for about 20-25 mins per pound or until tender enough that a spoon can press into the flesh without any resistance. Another option you might have if you are cooking smaller pieces of venison, such as chops, steaks, etc., would be to use your stovetop grill pan over medium heat with olive oil spray coating the surface flipping every couple of minutes until the desired doneness has been achieved.
When roasting deer meat, remember not to overcook. This can cause the meat to become very rough and tough.
Secret Techniques to Grilling Deer Meat
A few tips that can help when cooking deer meat are not to overcook it, but also don't undercook it because the flavor will be lost in both instances. Understanding how much time you need to cook your venison will depend on factors such as what cut of meat, if there are any bone fragments inside and whether or not it's been previously frozen. Another trick I like using while grilling my roast venison is by turning off one burner on the stovetop to have a cooler section for searing and then finishing up with about ten minutes of roasting over high heat. This helps give my venison a nice crusty sear which adds more taste. You will want to experiment with your deer meat to find the sweet spot that allows for a great meal.
In Conclusion
Although it can be a little stomach-turning to field dress a deer for the first time, it is an absolute must to have safe meat to eat. You will want to clean the intestines and stomach of any fecal matter, remove all hair from inside then wash it out with water. Once the deer has been field dressed, you can start getting it back to your car or truck for transporting home, where you will either be able to cook right away or freeze it for later use.
Remember that cleanliness is key to all field dressing for any game you happen to catch out on the hunt. Stay safe and enjoy your hunting adventures and enjoy the ability to feed your family with many delicious meals.
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