Posts Tagged 'analyse'
3D Coach: The Most Effective Sporting Results Can Be Found In Another Dimension
Thursday, January 12th, 2012
It's only human to have good days and off days. And to most of us an off day isn't such a big deal in the whole scheme of things. But to a professional athlete these off days could spell trouble.
3D CoachIf bad days become more and more frequent and the machine of expectation that surrounds a professional athlete has them completely derailed, it follows that their performance is likely to resemble a train wreck.
And this could mean the difference between being re-signed for the next season or dropped from a team and potentially losing millions of dollars in payment and endorsements. So once their attitude and synergy has turned festy and poisonous – these professionals look for something different.
Traditionally when athletes completely miss their mark and their performance begins to glide southwards their first instinctive response is to do more of the same – and that is physical training!
As a former athlete I myself have been put through the 'traditional' avenues coaches and athletes favour in an attempt to either avoid or turn a bad situation around – and it is within this tradition of reactivity that lies the systemic problem.
More gym work, more kicking practice, more hours of the same training… more… more… more… more…
The issue may be a technical anomaly or a physical inefficiency or even a lack of performance history and focus, but the head-down bum-up more, more, more approach typically perpetuates the emotional baggage and tainting of process that comes with these performances: the sense of desperation; the sense of expectation; the sense of anxiety; and ultimately the sense of failure.
On the surface I can see the thought process behind this traditional approach. Let's face it, athletes are physical performers therefore focusing on the increase in physical response it 'should' in theory give them results.
3D CoachBut does it?
Stop for a moment and analyse this philosophy: if an athlete or group of athletes have just under-performed and experienced a poor result, irrespective of the cause, where is their mental and emotional objectivity likely to be focused?
Are they focusing on improving, correcting and moving forward? Or has the painful performance cemented in the mistakes made and the outcomes they delivered?
Like many dedicated humans their focus externally will be on correction, because that is what they consciously tell themselves, but in reality their mental and internal focus will be completely on the mistakes made and how NOT to repeat them.
If the mental focus is on NOT to repeat the mistakes, where are they likely to emotionally and cognitively end up? … Repeating the same mistakes… and thus perpetuating the cycle of poor results, uncontrollable emotions, and more poor results.
It was reported that the Australian Rugby Union team went from one of their poorest performances at the Rugby World Cup 2011 straight into a training session the next day, trying to put right where they had gone wrong.
So if rushing from the competition venue to a training session is not the answer – then what is?
The two main reasons many athletes and coaches rush to do something active (and in their model of the world 'actively' deconstruct their performance) with more physical repetitions is because:
1. Athletes associate action with physical action not necessarily mental action and feel more in control if they are physically 'doing something.' So this is feeding their emotions rather than their technical issues.
2. Historically, it is what athletes have done. It has been traditionally handed down from coach to athlete. When things go wrong get back on the horse and just do it again. The legacy continues.
The solution lies in the ability to analyse.
Rather than embedding emotionally anchored physical repetition and doing something just because you have done it before, a more effective approach is to step back and analyse. Just analyse what worked, what didn't work and how it can be mechanically corrected.
This level of objectivity allows an athlete to distance themselves from perpetuating the same result; to learn from the mistakes and to analytically correct the issues before they become embedded into their programme.
The 3D Coach™
The innovation of the 3D coach™ allows the athlete to analyse their performance in the following way:
First Dimension:
Look at their performance from their own perspective with all the emotions attached (associated to the event);
Second Dimension:
Look at their performance as another would see it mechanically, systematically and chronologically (dissociated to the event)
Third Dimension:
Once the athlete can see the performance for what it really was then they can see their performance from the perspective of how it would impact the long term outcome both corrected and uncorrected.
This process can deconstruct and reconstruct the event without the blurring of the facts with heavy emotion and allows the athlete to tweak and tinker with the skills without the fears associated with the past performance.
This all sounds very simple, and it is, but unfortunately under utilised. So the next time you or one of your athletes have an off performance, resist the urge to dive back in the gym and instead understand just where the improvements need to be!
Tuesday, July 26th, 2011
The Art of Journaling: the Secret Weapon of the Elite Athlete
Friday, June 24th, 2011
Assess and Analyse – What are you Forgetting to Remember?
Historically people have developed the ritual of writing diary entries to keep a record of their feelings, their daily activities and documenting significant events for posterity.
For an athlete or coach, the disciplined and pragmatic habit of keeping a journal can be a vital tool when assessing performance, analysing strategies and developing an effective structure to their game.
Once you have initially set up a strong foundation by designing an order and sequence of recording specific information, the practice of journaling your career has far reaching applications.
In my first contact with a new client, I encourage them to start keeping a detailed journal and spend a fair bit of time in the beginning educating them on the benefits of, not just keeping a regular diary, but a journal that plays a key role in their Mind Coaching programme.
When looking back through journal entries with athletes where we have been working together for a couple of seasons, the results have been both prophetic and astounding, especially in those who have fully embraced the journalling ritual. It's so rewarding for an athlete to see, especially in some who previously wrote no more than a shopping list on a post-it note prior to our coaching relationship, the time spent reflecting on their own words in their journals is paying them back 10-fold.
The science behind this is quite simplistic: when we 'think' something or we 'commit' something to our memory, unless we assign it significant importance, it often becomes lost in the diverse, endless pieces of information and events we store in our minds. So the likelihood of us instantly recalling that specific memory when analysing or becoming aware of a cognitive pattern that could significantly impact performance is very low.
Think back to your last training session and try to recall everything you were told, you told yourself, you experienced and observed – how much detail can you truly recall?
Now think back to as little as one week ago or one month ago – how much detailed information can you recall from those sessions? I bet there are massive gaps in your conscious memory? What if the one piece of information that could make all the difference to your next game was lost in the chasms of your memory?
Detailing each session… each recovery… each thought process… each technique… and so on enables you to not only build an accurate picture of how you are going, what is and isn't working but also enables you to pick up on patterns and emotional triggers long before they become an issue. By creating an effective recording process you will automatically both search and recall in a specifically designed manner, highlighting both abnormalities and learning efficiencies.
The biggest benefit I see in athletes who journal is the motivational boost it provides. A regular read-through of their journal feeds them with instant feedback on how far they have come in such a short space of time. These chronological markers of success breeds greater success – see previous post on feeding the motivation engine for more detail on how this works.
Clearly the secret isn't only in the way the information is recorded but in the way it is deciphered too, so what are you forgetting to remember!


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Desmid image database
This database represents the public face of RBGE's desmid database, designed by R.J. Pankhurst as an implementation of Advanced Revelation, and further developed by Martin Pullan. The so-called 'Pandora' databases (of which there are several at RBGE and elsewhere) are very sophisticated in the relational way they handle data but, because they are DOS-based, are not very easy or attractive for the uninitiated to use. For this and several other reasons, it was decided that the best way to make the data available to a wider audience was to create a series of flat-field data dumps from the Pandora database; these could then be interrogated using a web browser. The search-engines required for this have been created by Martin Pullan, using the home-grown data-extraction software HTMLexport.
From here on we will refer only to the web-based database, but remember that it is several steps removed from the Pandora database that has provided its data.
Structure of the database
The database is very similar in structure to that produced by Martin Pullan and Micha Bayer (who no longer works at RBGE) for the ADIAC project, although there are some differences: ADIAC was concerned primarily with photographs of microalgae (diatoms, as it happened), whereas DIADIST, at least in these early stages, is more concerned with published drawings of microalgae (primarily desmids at this stage).
The desmid database is built on a taxonomic framework consisting of all the names in West & West's British Desmidiaceae, updated to more modern nomenclature and supplemented from Brook & Williamson (1991), with a few extra changes or additions from John et al. (2002).
Onto this framework are the images that you can find here. We have started with the drawings from West & West's British Desmidiaceae, either as whole browsable plates or individually scanned drawings. Ultimately we will also incorporate photographs of desmids, and hope soon to develop the techniques to allow dynamic focusing of images as has been done in ordinary web pages (as distinct from pages resulting from search-engine queries) in our Algae World website (follow links to 'Research' and 'Types').
However, first things first: the scanning of West & West's British Desmidiaceae is not yet complete, and individual figures have been scanned from ca. 120 out of the 167 plates that make up the five volumes (all the plates have been scanned for the browsable pages).
The following plates and genera have NOT been scanned for the searchable database:
Technical stuff about the pictures
The individual figures from West & West were scanned at 300 dpi using an Epson GT-10000+ flat-bed scanner as either 8-bit grey or 24-bit colour; each was scaled so that the longest dimension was ca. 1600 pixels – in most cases more than adequate to capture the available detail. The files were saved in TIFF format for the Pandora database and in most cases with surrounding irrelevant information (i.e. bits of neighbouring figures) removed using Adobe Photoshop's (version 6.0) cloning tool. For the web database, the contrast was enhanced slightly, and all images were compressed in GIF format for the thumbnails (see the sample results page) and JPEG format for the enlarged pictures.
Unlike the browsable whole plates (which are all to the same scale), the individual pictures are scaled individually. Scale information is given as the equivalent width and height of the whole image as shown, in whatever units are given (usually microns). For example, if the 'image height equivalent' is given as 100 microns, and the specimen occupies 75% of the height of the picture, the specimen is 75 microns in that dimension.
Brook, A.J. & Williamson, D.B. 1991. A checklist of desmids of the British Isles. Freshwater Biological Association Occasional Publication No. 28. 40 pp.
John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J. (eds) 2002. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 702 pp. + cd of images.
Back to database search form

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Graduate Academic Services (GAS)
Graduate Studies Home
What is A Human Service Professional?
human service practitioner is a professional who acts as an agent to
assist and or empower individuals, groups, families and communities to
prevent, alleviate or better cope with crisis, change and stress to
enable them to function more effectively in all areas of life and
Goal of the Human Service Practitioner
goal of the human service Practitioner is to enable people to live more
satisfying, more autonomous, and more productive lives, through the
utilization of society's knowledge, resources, and technical
The Human Service Practice Model
Human Service Professional is one who uses the human services practice
model to assess and deliver services. This model views people,
service and the social environment as integrated entities. This
perspective helps individuals, families and communities address and
overcome issues and barriers that arise from a variety of social
problems and adverse societal conditions.
The Role of the Human Service Professional
Human Service Professional is a generalist who works side-by-side with
various professionals and assumes a wide range of roles to assist
individuals, groups, organizations and communities. The human
service professional does not necessarily do in-depth and
psychotherapy, but is well-equipped to facilitate client change and
growth typically by working directly or indirectly with
clients/consumers around concrete tasks, objectives and goals.
Typically the work of the human service professional focuses on one or
more of the following roles.
- Counselor works
with individuals and groups to help identify and solve problems of
everyday living using behavioral and social science theory.
- Outreach Worker provides information to communities and carries out liaison activities in surrounding communities.
- Broker helps clients define needs and utilize new services
- Advocate champions and defends clients' causes and rights
- Research/Evaluator assesses
client programs and shows that agencies are accountable for services
provided. Collects and interprets data through a variety of
research methods to carry out needs assessment, implement programs and
- Teacher/Educator models new behaviors for clients, and conveys new skills
- Behavior Specialist
carries out a range of activities planned primarily to change behavior,
including coaching, problem solving, counseling and behavioral
- Mobilizer organizes client and community to obtain new community services and resources
uses specialized knowledge to work with other professionals and health
and human service agencies regarding their handling of problems, needs
- Community Planner designs,
implements and organizes new programs to serve consumer needs.
This includes work with community boards and committees and grass root
groups to minimize emotional stress and remove social and economic
- Care Manager/ Case Manager
assesses individual consumers, assists in the development of a care
plan/treatment plan, arranges for service delivery, performs a
monitoring function and completes a reassessment to determine service
outcomes, and might also facilitate discharge planning and provide
follow up services.
carries out management and/or supervisory activities that are oriented
to the organization/agency as a total system. This includes
program management, budgeting, human resources management, strategic
resources management, marketing management and so forth.
Occupations which have the following types of responsibilities and functions ARE considered legitimate human service professions.
- Counselors in substance abuse, mental health, mental retardation, corrections, juvenile justice and health care
managers and supervisors of community based grass root agencies,
prevention and intervention programs and other human service and health
- Practitioners and managers in law enforcement, criminal justice and public safety
- Practitioners and managers in child care, child advocacy, and child welfare, including programs for adolescents
and managers for residential facilities in the areas of developmental
disabilities, mental health, mental retardation
and managers in programs and facilities serving the older population,
such as nursing homes, adult day care centers, senior centers,
independent living facilities and other community services.
- Case workers or managers in the Department of Public Welfare
ministry and other full time church related practitioners engaged in
pastoral counseling, community outreach and other forms of faith based
- Practitioners and managers
in human services agencies, universities and public or private
organizations working in human resource management, training and
development, employee assistance, affirmative action or community
Occupations which have the following types of responsibilities and functions ARE NOT considered legitimate human service professions.
- Administrative Assistant
- Agency Receptionists
- Book Keeper
- Purchasing Agent
- Service Representatives/Consumer Services Representatives/Sales Representative
- Maintenance and Housekeeping
- Transportation Services Provider
- Medical Technicians such as phlebotomist, respiratory technician.
- Clerical positions even when they occur in human service agencies.
Center for Graduate and Continuing Education Programs
3020 Market St., Philadelphia PA 19104


The GENetic optimization and Bootstrapping of LInear Structures (GENBLIS) Home Page
Walter R. Mebane, Jr. and Jasjeet S. Sekhon
Please direct all questions and comments to Jasjeet Sekhon.
GENBLIS (GENetic optimization and Bootstrapping of LInear Structures) is an evolutionary program which estimates structural equation models with latent variables by combining the global search strength of evolutionary algorithms with the ability of derivative based algorithms to do rapid local hill climbing. GENBLIS provides bootstrap confidence intervals for parameters and bootstrap confidence limits for the goodness-of-fit test statistic. Structural equation models are often used in political science, sociology, psychology, marketing and related social science fields to specify and estimate stochastic models for linear relations in the presence of measurement errors.
There are a variety of ways to parameterize structural equation models. Following Bollen (1989 [*]), GENBLIS uses a parameterization developed by Jöreskog (1973 [*]) and Wiley (1973 [*]). This parameterization has become a standard because of the popularity of the LISREL program which was developed by Jöreskog and Sörbom.
GENBLIS is described in the GENBLIS Manual. One can download the following binaries:
The UNIX binaries are in tar and gzip format. Therefore, to unpack them in a given directory please issue the following commands:
zcat genblis.linux-1.11.4.tar.gz | tar -xvf -
You may have to change the mode of the genblis binary to make it an executable. The can be done by issuing the following command:
chmod ugo+rx genblis
Small parts of the current GENBLIS code were adapted from an early version of Zbigniew Michalewicz's GENOCOP I.
Return to Jasjeet Sekhon's Homepage


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Peach Blueberry Crumble
Summertime and fruity desserts go together and one of my family's favorite is a Peach Blueberry Crumble. Sweet, juicy fruit is very important – large white or yellow peaches and plump blueberries – but for me it's all about the crumble – the more the better. A few years ago I started making a peach crumble from a recipe in Cooks Illustrated but adapted it to my tastes:
- more crumble topping
- blueberries and peaches instead of just peaches
- more almond flavor by using almond flour (not toasted) and almond extract
- instead of corn starch I use a product called "Pie Enhancer" made by King Arthur Flour to help thicken the juices from the fruit
There are two parts to making this dessert: partially pre-baking the crumble and then compiling and baking the fruit crumble. It's very simple to make.
- Preheat oven to 325 degrees.
- Cut a piece of parchment paper so that it covers and overhangs a standard cookie sheet.
- In a food processor, blend the flours, sugars, and salt for 15 seconds.
- While running, pour the vanilla and almond extract down the feeding tube and blend for 10 seconds.
- Add the butter and mix in the food processor until the crumble starts to come together, about 30 seconds.
- Add the slivered almonds to the crumble and process 1 second.
- Pour the crumble on the parchment paper.
- Bake for 20 minutes – the crumble should be a beige color, not a brown color.
- Remove from the oven and turn the oven heat up to 350 degrees.
- Place the peach slices in a large mixing bowl.
- Add blueberries and gently stir to mix the fruit.
- Pour the lemon juice over the fruit and gently stir.
- Sprinkle the sugar over the fruit and gently stir.
- Sprinkle the pie enhancer over the fruit and gently stir.
- Sprinkle the cinnamon, nutmeg and salt over the fruit and gently stir to blend.
- Lightly butter the bottom and sides of an 11 x 8.5 x 2 inch glass baking dish (the glass allows you to see the fruit which is an important part of the presentation – expect major oohs and aah's when placed on the table).
- Pour the fruit into the greased pan.
- Scoop the pre-baked crumble on top of the fruit. Lift the parchment paper up by the sides and pour the crumble that can't be scooped up, to cover the fruit.
- Bake for 25 minutes at 350 degrees.
- Remove from the oven and let sit for 30 minutes before serving.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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'Saving the World'
Can you name them?
Can you name others?
the terror of the Flood
Bible Art: Noah
Noah as First Farmer
individuals or groups
The 'African Queen' is
an ark that saves the man and woman from death
about 'Saving the World'
(group or single activity)
Stage 1: Make up a list
some films about ordinary people who, in a crisis, use their skills,
courage and tenacity to save the world. You can choose
recent films or classics. If this is a group activity, choose films most
2: Glance over your list
1. This type of film is always fanciful, so how are the
film-makers able to convince you? Is the film realistic,
inspiring/uplifting, or silly? In other words, does it work?
2. Why do people enjoy this sort of film?
3: Choose your favorite
What are the central themes in this film?
Do any of the scenes remind you of the story of Noah, or of a crisis you
experienced in your own life?
7. Does the film portray people we ourselves would like to be, if
an emergency occurred?
4: Think about your choices
Group activity: discuss these questions, making sure everyone in the group has
a chance to talk about their ideas.
Single activity: sit down for a few minutes and focus your mind; make a quick
list of your favorites; read through the Stage 3 questions, and think
about your responses as you do other tasks during your day.
Have you ever been in any sort of natural catastrophe? Storm, flood, fire?
Write a short account of your experience.
What do you
remember most vividly?
What were your emotions?
Did you pray for help at the
Were you comforted by God's presence, or did you feel alone?
your memories with a learning partner.
Bible as our Ark
Some people say that the Bible is our personal Ark, providing shelter and
guidance when we are troubled by something, or in danger.
Have you found it
to be so?
Has the Bible helped you?
Were there any particular stories or
quotations that gave you comfort and strength?
If so, make a list you can
refer to from time to time.
If not, read some sections from the Book of
Proverbs and the Book of Psalms and see if you can find something there that
would help you.
Read Noah's story at
Bible People - Noah
to the link at the bottom of the painting at right.
through the paintings from first to last. Notice how modern painters
have used the dark surging sea to suggest God's anger.
part of the story of Noah has been the most popular with artists?
this have been your choice?
paint what they want to paint, but they also paint with their audience in mind. Look
at the paintings again. Who is the painting directed at? Explain your
you have chosen something different, ask yourself why this other
incident appeals to you more than the scene favored by the artists.
Spend some time quietly thinking about your response.
Quotes from Noah's Story
'But Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.'
'I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights...' Genesis
'...the Lord said in his heart "I will never again curse the ground
because of humankind.' Genesis 8:21
"Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth." Genesis 9:1
What do these four quotes tell you about the narrator's image of
The Return of the Dove to the Ark,
John Everett Millais
What are the most interesting moments in Noah's story?
2. If you were in the story, which person would impress you?
3. What is God's interaction with the main characters? What does this tell
you about the narrator's image of God? Do you agree with this image?
4. The narrator/editor has chosen to tell some things and leave other
things out. What has been left out of the story that you would like to
5. Are the characteristics and actions of the people in the story still
present in the world? How is the story relevant to modern life, especially
Websites in the left column have background information


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Abstract: The primary objective of this paper was to synthesize a porous calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) with enhanced phosphate recovery property using polyethyleneglycol (PEG) as pore-generation agent. The formation mechanism of porous CSH was proposed. PEG molecules were inserted into the void region of oxygen–silicon tetrahedron chains and the layers of CSH. A steric hindrance layer was generated to prevent the aggregation of solid particles. A porous structure was formed due to the residual space caused by the removal of PEG through incineration. This porous CSH exhibited highly enhanced solubility of Ca2+ and OH− due to the decreased particle size, declined crystalline, and increased specific surface area (SBET) and pore volume. Supersaturation was increased in the wastewater with the enhanced solubility, which was beneficial to the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization. Thus, phosphate can be recovered from wastewater by producing HAP using porous CSH as crystal seed. In addition, the regenerated phosphate-containing products (HAP) can be reused to achieve sustainable utilization of phosphate. The present research could provide an effective approach for the synthesis of porous CSH and the enhancement of phosphate recovery properties for environmental applications.
This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Export to BibTeX
MDPI and ACS Style
Guan, W.; Ji, F.; Chen, Q.; Yan, P.; Pei, L. Synthesis and Enhanced Phosphate Recovery Property of Porous Calcium Silicate Hydrate Using Polyethyleneglycol as Pore-Generation Agent. Materials 2013, 6, 2846-2861.
Guan W, Ji F, Chen Q, Yan P, Pei L. Synthesis and Enhanced Phosphate Recovery Property of Porous Calcium Silicate Hydrate Using Polyethyleneglycol as Pore-Generation Agent. Materials. 2013; 6(7):2846-2861.
Guan, Wei; Ji, Fangying; Chen, Qingkong; Yan, Peng; Pei, Ling. 2013. "Synthesis and Enhanced Phosphate Recovery Property of Porous Calcium Silicate Hydrate Using Polyethyleneglycol as Pore-Generation Agent." Materials 6, no. 7: 2846-2861.


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1. Balloons: Data previously used in cognitive psychology experiment; 4 data sets represent different conditions of an experiment
2. Hayes-Roth: Topic: human subjects study
3. Balance Scale: Balance scale weight & distance database
4. Nursery: Nursery Database was derived from a hierarchical decision model originally developed to rank applications for nursery schools.
5. Wisesight Sentiment Corpus: Social media messages in Thai language with sentiment label (positive, neutral, negative, question).
6. Gender by Name: This dataset attributes first names to genders, giving counts and probabilities. It combines open-source government data from the US, UK, Canada, and Australia.


Defendants (criminal proceedings)
Content provided by:
How are minor road traffic offences dealt with?
Traffic violations, such as exceeding the speed limit, driving whilst having consumed alcohol, not wearing a seat belt, failure to observe a red traffic light or STOP sign, failure to comply with stopping or parking regulations, the use of a mobile phone while driving etc., are mostly dealt with administratively. They are generally dealt with by the competent police authority
What is the procedure?
You will be served with a ticket, confirming the violation you have committed. Noted on the ticket will be the administrative measure and/or financial penalty which has been imposed and you will then have to appear before the relevant police authority.
What are the possible penalties?
Those guilty of traffic violations are mostly punished with administrative fines (varying from 40 to 2,000 euro) and the imposition of other administrative measures like loss of driving licence or loss of circulation details, such as vehicle license and registration plates, for a certain period of time.
Are nationals of other Member States proceeded against for infringements of this sort?
They are proceeded against if they have committed the infringement in Greece.
May I raise objections?
You may submit your objections to the administrative penalty within three days to the authority to which the officer who has imposed the penalty belongs. If your objections are not upheld you must pay the relevant sum to the appropriate body of the local authority.
In addition, if an administrative measure has been imposed, you may appear before the competent Police Authority and set out your objections.
Will these offences appear on my criminal record?
They will not be recorded on your criminal record since they are dealt with at an administrative level and it is only an administrative penalty which is imposed.
Related links
Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks
Last update: 25/08/2020


Are rhumb lines ever used by an FMS as leg paths for RNP/RNAV? If so, what arinc 424 leg type would use them?
No. The FMS does not use rhumb lines.
All RNP/RNAV flight path legs are geodesics. The only exceptions are RF legs (a constant radius circular path about a turn center) and hold legs (a closed racetrack pattern).
To quote RTCA DO-236C, Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards: Required Navigation Performance for Area Navigation:
RNP Routes and user-preferred trajectories are assumed to use a series of fixes. The desired path is defined by a series of geodesic tracks joining successive fixes.
It also includes the following definition:
A line of shortest distance between any two points on a mathematically defined surface. A geodesic line is a line of double curvature and usually lies between the two normal section lines which the two points determine. If the two terminal points are nearly in the same latitude, the geodesic line may cross one of the normal section lines. It should be noted that, except along the equator and along the meridians, the geodesic line is not a plane curve and cannot be sighted over directly.
 - $\begingroup$ thank you very much $\endgroup$ – Daniel Ogburn Jul 3 '19 at 16:53
Your Answer


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Animal Species:Diana's Pigfish, Bodianus diana (Lacépède, 1801)
Diana's Pigfish can be recognised by its colouration. The species occurs in tropical marine waters of the Indo-West Pacific.
Diana's Hogfish, Diana's Wrasse
Diana's Pigfish can be recognised by its colouration. It has a purplish-brown head and a yellow body. The upper sides have four yellow spots and a region of dark spots posteriorly. There is a large dark spot on the pelvic fins and anteriorly on the anal fin. The caudal and anal fins both have a smaller black spot. The scales have brown margins. Juveniles look very different from the adults. They are reddish brown with white blotches and spots on the side of the body. They have large black spots on the fins.
The species grows to 25 cm in length.
Current research indicates that the name Bodianus diana has been used in Australia for more than one species.
The species occurs in tropical marine waters of the Indo-West Pacific. In Australia it is known from the coast and offshore islands of north-western Western Australia, around the tropical north of the country and south to southern New South Wales.
The map below shows the Australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in Australian Museums. Click on the map for detailed information. Source: Atlas of Living Australia.
Distribution by collection data
- Allen, G.R. 1997. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South-east Asia. Western Australian Museum. Pp. 292.
- Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & G.R. Allen. 2006. Fishes. In Beesley, P.L. & A. Wells. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing: Australia. parts 1-3, pages 1-2178.Kuiter, R.H. 1996. Guide to Sea Fishes of Australia. New Holland. Pp. 433. (as Bodianus sp)
- Kuiter, R.H. 2000. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Gary Allen. Pp. 437.
- Myers, R.F. 1999. Micronesian Reef Fishes. Coral Graphics. Pp. 330.
- Randall, J.E., Allen, G.R. & R.C. Steene. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Crawford House Press. Pp. 557.
- Westneat, M.W. 2001. Labridae. in Carpenter, K.E. & V.H. Niem (Eds). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 6. Bony Fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals. FAO, Rome. Pp. iii-v, 3381-4218.
Mark McGrouther, Collection Manager, Ichthyology


David McClellan
Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute Regional Representative
Tel:+34 93 _PHONE_
Fax:+34 93 _PHONE_
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The cold clean waters off Alaska support huge stocks of whitefish, many of which are in high demand in seafood markets worldwide. The term "whitefish" is synonymous with "groundfish" or "bottom fish" and refers to several species of white-fleshed fishes that live on or near the bottom of the ocean. The scientific term for this lifestyle is "demersal", which distinguishes them from fishes that swim throughout the water column, called "pelagic".
While there are dozens of species of whitefish, this Buyer's Guide produced by the Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute, deals with the nine species of greatest interest to the seafood trade. All nine of these Alaska whitefish species are sustainably harvested from the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Here are some important statistics about Alaska:
- Alaska has 76,100 kilometers of coastline, more than the sum of the other 49 states in the United States.
- Alaska's 2 million square kilometers of continental shelf account for 70% of the total United States.
- The 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone off the coast of Alaska accounts for 28% of the total for the United States.
- More than half of all fishery production in US waters comes from Alaska.
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Whitefish Buyers Guide ALASKA SEAFOOD
The 7 species of Alaskan Whitefish
Pacific or Alaska Cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
Pacific cod are also a member of the family Gadidae and are related to both Alaska pollock and Atlantic cod.
Black Cod (Anoplopoma fimbria)
Although the so-called black codalso known as sablefish or gindara in Japanesedoes not belong to the cod family, it lives in deep waters, generally below 200 m.
Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)
The Alaska Pollock are the most abundant fish species in the Bering Sea, comprising 60% of the total biomass. They are members of the family Gadidae, which includes both Pacific cod and Atlantic cod.
Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Pacific Halibut are related to Atlantic halibut, and some scientists consider them to be the same species.
Yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera)
Yellowfin sole sole are much smaller than halibut, reaching a length around 50cm. They live on the seafloor where the adults feed on bivalve mollusks, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.
Deepwater Flatfish
Fish known as ''deep-sea flatfish'' include Pacific plaice (Microstomus pacificus), Pacific plaice (Glyptocephalus zachirus), Pacific flounder (Lepidopsetta bilineata), Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and the Japanese flounder (Hippoglossoides elassodon), as well as other less abundant species.
The term ''rockfish'' encompasses several related species of Alaskan whitefish that live near the seabed, though not on the bottom itself. The best-known species is the Pacific Perch (Sebastes alutus), but there are many other species of rockfish: northern (S. polyspinis), dusky (S. ciliatus), canary (S. pinniger), widow (S. entomelas), shortraker (S. borealis), rougheye (S. aleutianus), thornyhead (S. altivelis), among others.


Electrek spoke with Rick Bohan, VP of sustainability at the Portland Cement Association (PCA). The Portland Cement Association represents 92% of US cement manufacturing production capacity and has distribution facilities in every continental US state. Cement is the second-most-used construction material on the planet.
In November 2020, PCA announced an industry-wide ambition to develop a road map by the end of 2021 to help its member companies achieve carbon neutrality across the concrete value chain by 2050.
Cement is the key ingredient in concrete, so the forthcoming road map addresses not just cement, but concrete, too. Urgent action is necessary so cement and concrete can continue to play a critical role in the US's infrastructure future without making emissions worse.
Electrek: What are some examples of steps that PCA's road map will likely include to achieve carbon neutrality across the concrete value chain by 2050?
Rick Bohan: The road map being developed by PCA on behalf of the cement industry will include the full concrete value chain – from the production of cement through the use of concrete across the nation. A few examples of the actions included in the road map are:
Increasing access to alternative fuels, especially materials that otherwise end up in landfills, for cement plants to use;
Rapidly driving the adoption of innovative products like Portland limestone cements (PLC), performance-based concrete mixtures, blended cements and more;
Investing in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology and critical infrastructure to support CCUS, including a robust and smart electric grid.
Electrek: Could you describe how those examples will work in real terms?
Rick Bohan: Increasing access to alternative fuels, especially materials that otherwise end up in landfills, for industry can have a dramatic and immediate impact. Currently, many cement plants are reliant on non-renewable resources to power plants, but that could be mitigated by increasing access to alternative fuel sources. Through this increased access, alternative fuels including fly ash, carpet remnants, tires, and other non-hazardous materials are not only helping to reduce emissions, but also diverting materials that would be otherwise sent to a landfill.
Cement kilns are extremely efficient at combusting any fuel given their extremely high operating temperature, and they can maintain emissions at or below the levels from more traditional fossil fuels.
In order for non-hazardous waste to be rerouted from landfills to industries such as cement to use for fuel, we'll need regulatory reform and the recognition from policymakers that the increased use of alternative fuels is consistent with meeting mid-century climate goals. Today, alternative fuels make up only about 15% of the fuel used by domestic manufacturers, compared to more than 36% in the European Union, including as high as 60% in Germany.
US cement plants began adopting alternative fuels as early as the 1970s, but today these fuels only make up about 15% of the fuel used by domestic cement manufacturers due to outdated/burdensome regulations. It's really unfortunate, because there's almost a regulatory disincentive against beneficial use of alternative fuels.
Portland limestone cement offers the same durability and resiliency benefits of any other Portland cement, while reducing embodied CO2 by 10%. By optimizing the amount of clinker in cement to incorporate more limestone, we can reduce the amount of energy (and associated emissions) used to heat clinker (the main ingredient in cement) and ultimately produce cement.
PLC isn't as widely used as it could be, and barriers for broad uptake seem to be just a case of institutional inertia. People tend to stick with what they know, but in this case, doing so misses a great opportunity.
By shifting to PLC, manufacturers have already reduced CO2 emissions by more than 325,000 metric tons in the US from 2012-2018, equivalent to carbon stored in over 400,000 acres of forest. 32 state Departments of Transportation currently allow the use of PLC, yet until recently, PLC was still less than 1% of total cement shipments.
Carbon capture, utilization and storage-related technologies and innovations will not only be groundbreaking for the industry but also essential. There's a unique opportunity with concrete to actually use captured carbon in the concrete-curing process, helping to harden and strengthen the concrete more quickly.
The CO2 can be injected into fresh concrete and is actually permanently sequestered in the concrete, so even if a structure is demolished in the future, the CO2 is not released.
CCUS represents an opportunity to lower emissions substantially. As such, the industrial sector should increasingly focus on CCUS research and development.
Electrek: Are there any new innovations that PCA sees as being potentially groundbreaking for the industry to reduce emissions?
Rick Bohan: The technology for carbon capture is still in early stages, and hasn't been developed to scale. Truly continuing to see innovation here is going to be groundbreaking for the industry.
As mentioned, over 60% of the cement industry's carbon emissions result from the chemical conversion of limestone and other ingredients into cement – there is no way to prevent the generation of CO2 during this process – it is a "chemical fact of life."
Any long-term carbon reduction strategy for the cement manufacturing industry will require significant advances in CCUS technologies with a particular focus on research, development, and cost-effective deployment.
Those technologies include traditional solvents, sorbents, and membranes, as well as unique technologies like algae capture, direct separation reactors, and oxyfuel calcination. Nearly all research and federal funding have focused on the energy sector, not industrial sector solutions. The CCUS technologies developed to date remain prohibitively expensive for energy-intensive industries, including cement.
Electrek: How would a more robust and smarter electric grid help the cement industry meet your goal of carbon neutrality by 2050?
Rick Bohan: We're an energy-intensive, trade-exposed industry, and much of our electricity is consumed in crushing and grinding. It's likely that plants will use technologies like waste heat reduction to generate onsite electricity, and we know that renewable energy will increasingly be a part of the cement plant energy mix. Both of those need a grid to deliver and to accept renewable energy, and that means a grid that's reliable and robust.
Rick Bohan is vice president, sustainability for the Portland Cement Association. He is responsible for coordinating all of PCA's sustainability-related activities including its ongoing development of a road map to carbon neutrality. He was previously senior director of research and technology at PCA. Rick is an editor and author of the second edition of PCA's 2-volume book, Innovations in Portland Cement Manufacturing, along with many other publications. His career with PCA spans 27 years in virtually every aspect of cement and concrete technology and applications. Before his tenure at PCA, Rick worked in consulting engineering and served on active duty as both an enlisted Marine and a commissioned Marine officer. He holds a BS in civil engineering, an MBA, and is a registered professional engineer.
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The number of animals awaiting adoption is integrally tied to length of stay (LOS). In general, the more animals are waiting for adoption, the longer the average length of stay will be. This is another way of thinking about the "odds of adoption" described above.
If 10 animals are waiting at any given time for adoption, and one is adopted each day, the odds of adoption for each animal on any day will be one in 10, and the average length of stay to adoption will inevitably be 10 days. If 20 animals are waiting at any given time for adoption and one is adopted each day, the average LOS will be 20 days. The only way to decrease LOS would be to increase the number of adoptions or decrease the number of animals waiting.
In some cases, the number of adoptions will be increased by making a greater number of animals available. On a short term basis, this can occur with big adoption extravaganzas, where a large number of animals are presented in the context of major publicity, special pricing or other promotions.
In between times, animals should wait in foster care or in homes (via managed intake LINK TO OUR MANAGED INTAKE SECTION) rather than waiting for prolonged periods in the shelter in preparation for big adoption events.
On a longer term basis, having more animals for adoption will lead to increased adoptions only when the reason adopters are not coming to the shelter and going home with a new pet, is that there is not an adequate variety of animals available from which they can choose.
Consider species, age, breed, color, behavior, and special characteristics when evaluating the need for variety. While many adopters are seeking friendly, healthy, young animals, some will seek out hard luck cases, older animals, and those with special challenges. Ideally, survey potential customers to see if they were considering adoption that day, and if so, why they did or didn't choose a pet.
The ASPCA refers to the frequency with which visitors become adopters as "transition rate," and has instructions for creating a customer survey to help understand determinants of transition rate in your shelter.
Beyond the number that ensures adequate variety on a daily basis, fewer animals for adoption at any given time will automatically decrease LOS while maintaining live release: If one animal is adopted each day, the annual adoption number will be 365, whether 10 or 100 animals are waiting for that adoption at any given time.
Finding that perfect "adoption number" is made both more critical and more complicated by the fact that length of stay is not neutral for shelter animals. Some animals will benefit from the opportunity to stay longer in the shelter, particularly those who will receive active treatment or rehabilitation while awaiting adoption, or those who have a unique characteristic (e.g. very large dogs, animals with conditions requiring special care) that makes them suited for a limited number of adopters that come along relatively rarely.
However, for most animals that enter the shelter healthy and friendly, increased length of stay tends to be detrimental rather than beneficial. The more stressful the conditions in the shelter and the less optimal the housing, the more this will be true.
Multiple studies have documented time in the shelter as the single greatest risk factor for illness in shelter dogs and cats [1-3]. In turn, illness contributes to yet longer stays – a detour within the shelter system with substantial cost and yet more challenges for care. An animal who is depressed or develops stereotypic behavior from prolonged confinement sees his or her chances for adoption further decrease.


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The.k5login file, which resides in a user's home directory, contains a list of the Kerberos principals. Anyone with valid tickets for a principal in the file is allowed host access with the UID of the user in whose home directory the file resides. One common use is to place a.k5login file in root's home directory, thereby granting system administrators remote root access to the host via Kerberos.
Suppose the user alice had a.k5login file in her home directory containing just the following line:
This would allow bob to use Kerberos network applications, such as ssh(1), to access alice's account, using bob's Kerberos tickets. In a default configuration (with k5login_authoritative set to true in krb5.conf), this.k5login file would not let alice use those network applications to access her account, since she is not listed! With no.k5login file, or with k5login_authoritative set to false, a default rule would permit the principal alice in the machine's default realm to access the alice account.
Let us further suppose that alice is a system administrator. Alice and the other system administrators would have their principals in root's.k5login file on each host:
This would allow either system administrator to log in to these hosts using their Kerberos tickets instead of having to type the root password. Note that because bob retains the Kerberos tickets for his own principal, _EMAIL_, he would not have any of the privileges that require alice's tickets, such as root access to any of the site's hosts, or the ability to change alice's password.


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Background In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the attachment of synovial fibroblasts to articular cartilage is an important prerequisite in the process of cartilage degradation. The actin-associated protein Lasp-1 is involved in processes of actin organisation and polymerization and focal adhesion turnover, respectively. Therefore, we investigated its role in regulating cell-cell contacts and ECM interactions of synovial fibroblasts in RA.
Methods Lasp-1 expression was analysed in human RA tissue and in arthritic mouse models such as the hTNFtg and G6PI mouse model by using WB and immunohistochemistry. Lasp-1 expression and its subcellular distribution was investigated in isolated synovial fibroblasts by immunofluorescence in all genotypes. Furthermore, the formation of cell-cell and -ECM contacts was investigated in an electrical cell/substrate impedance sensing assay (ECIS) as well as by immunofluorescence. Additionally, we performed an in vitro three-dimensional organ culture system to identify genotype-specific differences of cellular distribution and formation of the artificial synovial lining layer.
Results An increased Lasp-1 expression was observed in synovial tissue from RA patients as well as in RASF. Isolated SF from hTNFtg mice also produced higher levels of Lasp-1 compared to wild type (wt) SF. Interestingly, this was completely reproducible in the G6PI model. Lasp-1 deficient mice that had been crossed into the hTNFtg background exhibited less cartilage degradation (−4% vs. hTNFtg) and less attachment of synovial tissue to the cartilage (−30% vs. hTNFtg) compared to hTNFtg mice. Functional analyses indicated that Lasp-1-/- hTNFtg SF form closer (+20% vs hTNFtg SF) and more stable cell-cell contacts in comparison to hTNFtg SF. Furthermore, we detected Lasp-1 to be located at structures of adherens junction complexes. The loss of Lasp-1 led to alterations of these structures. Histological analysis of 3D matrices showed that Lasp-1 deletion in the hTNFtg background resulted in an organised cellular lining layer at the interface between the matrix and fluid phases comparable with wild type SF. In contrast, hTNFtg SF formed unorganised cellular condensations with no synovial architecture evident.
Conclusions Lasp-1 regulates the migratory behaviour of synovial fibroblasts and their invasion into cartilage matrix in rheumatoid arthritis by controlling the dynamics of cell-cell contacts.
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Modernism and the Theater of Censorship
Modernism and the Theater of Censorship
Author: Adam Parkes
ISBN 13: 9780195097023
ISBN 10: 195097025
Edition: 1
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publication Date: 1996-02-22
Format: Hardcover
Pages: 256
List Price: $155.00
Adam Parkes investigates the literary and cultural implications of the censorship encountered by several modern novelists in the early twentieth century. He situates modernism in the context of this censorship, examining the relations between such authors as D.H. Lawrence, James Joyce, Radclyffe Hall, and Virginia Woolf and the public controversies generated by their fictional explorations of modern sexual themes. These authors located "obscenity" at the level of stylistic and formal experiment. The Rainbow, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Ulysses, and Orlando dramatized problems of sexuality and expression in ways that subverted the moral, political, and aesthetic premises on which their censors operated. In showing how modernism evolved within a culture of censorship, Modernism and the Theater of Censorship suggests that modern novelists, while shaped by their culture, attempted to reshape it.


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"The Souls of Black Folk"
$29.95 Buy and instantly download this paper now
This paper examines how W.E.B. Dubois' great work "The Souls of Black Folk", weaves together a group of writing that manifests itself in a series of different literary forms, including such forms as the essay, history, sermon, anthropological record, short story, memoir, elegy and political tract. It looks at how in his work, DuBois was attempting to speak for his entire race in some fashion and thus it seems fitting that he should have applied so many genres to a narrative that sought to explicate such a multiplicity of viewpoints. It shows how by ranging across so many topics and so many genres and forms, DuBois is able to render a more effective portrait of the problems, struggles and victories that moved his contemporary black Americans.
From the Paper:"Chapter 3 is a political tract of a revolutionary nature. In this essay, DuBois tackles Booker T. Washington's social and educational program. Dubois, while he admires Washington's achievements as a leader in an oppressive society, he ultimately is forced to reject his teachings because "on the whole the distinct impression left by Mr. Washington's propaganda is, first, that the South is justified in its present attitude toward the Negro because of the Negro's degradation" (DuBois, Chapter 3). He ends by quoting the Declaration of Independence, which shows the political nature of the tract."
Cite this Analytical Essay:
"The Souls of Black Folk" (2003, August 06) Retrieved May 20, 2013, from _URL_
""The Souls of Black Folk"" 06 August 2003. Web. 20 May. 2013.


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Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological field for site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials.
An FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, while the SEM uses a focused beam of electrons to image the sample in the chamber, an FIB setup uses a focused beam of ions instead.
Research Poster PDFs
Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
Click below for a list of all LCN Researchers &d Research Highlights associated with:
FOCUSED ION BEAM (FIB)
Figure: Niobium SQUID fabricated using FIB. The device incorporates 150 nm wide nanobridges as the active Josephson elements. [courtesy Ed Romans]


text: At this point, sixteen states have passed legislation allowing them to take immediate advantage of the industrial hemp research and pilot program provision, Section 7606 of the 2014 US Farm Bill. But there are only two states which were really ready this year: Colorado and Kentucky. They make for an odd couple and have taken apposite approaches. Kentucky is by the book, by the rules, with a methodical, rational, planned, and scientific approach. Colorado is freewheeling, entrepreneurial, risk taking, and hyped up. Together they make a compelling story. If they were people on a TV sitcom, they could share an apartment.


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The Inanda Heritage Route takes in some of the most important, albeit little-known, historical sites of Durban. Winding its way through the Inanda Valley, it provides a snapshot of critical South African history as well as, perhaps surprisingly, India's past.
Inanda's recent history dates back to the early 1800s, when KwaZulu Natal was a Boer Republic. It was a farm then, which passed hands several times as the Boers left and the British arrived, and then when African and Indian farmers came here to farm sugar cane.
But it was the events that unfolded at the turn of the century that shaped its future. First Mahatma Gandhi, then a lawyer, arrived in the region to represent an Indian client. After being thrown off a train for sitting in a "whites only" section, Gandhi stayed on here and started his passive resistance movement.
Then, in the 1960s, Inanda became home to the thousands of people displaced from urban areas under apartheid laws. It quickly grew into a shanty town and then, as segregation laws took further hold, a dense informal settlement that was later the site of intense political violence.
In 1994, Inanda's outlook changed as democracy was born in South Africa. To mark the occasion, Nelson Mandela cast his vote in this historic election at Inanda's Ohlange Institute, fitting given that the first-ever president of the African National Congress (ANC), Dr. John L. Dube, established this school in 1901.
It's this wealth of history that you can explore on the Inanda Heritage Route. The trail starts in Phoenix Settlement, established in 1904 by Gandhi. Here you can see Gandhi's house, and his International Printing Press and Museum. Next it moves on to the Ohlange Institute, Dube's house - a national monument - and his grave.
A second educational institution on the trail is Inanda Seminary, the first secondary school for African girls and one of the oldest in South Africa. Finally the route stops at Ebuhleni with a look at the elaborate rituals of the Shembe Church.
Combined with a visit to the picturesque Inanda Dam nearby, this makes for a fascinating day outing.


SUGAIN - apply various types of gain to display traces sugain stdout [optional parameters] Required parameters: none (no-op) Optional parameters: panel=0 =1 gain whole data set (vs. trace by trace) tpow=0.0 multiply data by t^tpow epow=0.0 multiply data by exp(epow*t) gpow=1.0 take signed gpowth power of scaled data agc=0 flag; 1 = do automatic gain control gagc=0 flag; 1 =... with gaussian taper wagc=0.5 agc window in seconds (use if agc=1 or gagc=1) trap=none zero any value whose magnitude exceeds trapval clip=none clip any value whose magnitude exceeds clipval qclip=1.0 clip by quantile on absolute values on trace qbal=0 flag; 1 = balance traces by qclip and scale pbal=0 flag; 1 = bal traces by dividing by rms value mbal=0 flag; 1 = bal traces by subtracting the mean maxbal=0 flag; 1 = balance traces by subtracting the max scale=1.0 multiply data by overall scale factor norm=1.0 divide data by overall scale factor bias=0.0 bias data by adding an overall bias value jon=0 flag; 1 means tpow=2, gpow=.5, qclip=.95 verbose=0 verbose = 1 echoes info tmpdir= if non-empty, use the value as a directory path prefix for storing temporary files; else if the the CWP_TMPDIR environment variable is set use its value for the path; else use tmpfile() Operation order: out(t) = scale * BAL{CLIP[AGC{[t^tpow * exp(epow * t) * ( in(t)-bias )]^gpow}]} Notes: The jon flag selects the parameter choices discussed in Claerbout's Imaging the Earth, pp 233-236. Extremely large/small values may be lost during agc. Windowing these off and applying a scale in a preliminary pass through sugain may help. Sugain only applies gain to traces with tr.mark=0. Use sushw, suchw, suedit, or suxedit to mark traces you do not want gained. See the selfdocs of sushw, suchw, suedit, and suxedit for more information about setting header fields. Use "sukeyword mark for more information about the mark header field. Credits: SEP: Jon Claerbout CWP: Jack K. Cohen, Brian Sumner, Dave Hale Note: Have assumed tr.deltr >= 0 in tpow routine. Technical Reference: Jon's second book, pages 233-236. Trace header fields accessed: ns, dt, delrt, mark


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Flameproof lighting supplier Azolite, now a division of industrial plugs manufacturer Powermite, has manufactured a new flameproof light-emitting diode (LED) light for use in underground mining to improve safety and efficiency. Previously, fluorescent lights were most commonly used in mining operations for work area and road/walkway illumination.
"Fluorescents are extremely sensitive glass tubes. The necessary care not to break the tubes during transport and installation is a huge challenge in arduous mining conditions. In addition, the environmental impact associated in the disposal of fluorescent products necessitates disciplined practices and procedures to be followed," says Azolite MD Donovan Marks.
Maintenance activities, which may involve climbing ladders and working in awkward positions, require mineworkers to walk in areas where light maintenance is needed, as they can be at risk of slipping, tripping or being exposed to broken glass if a light has been damaged.
"When designing the LED light, we focused on the safety of our customers on site, as well as improving the total cost of ownership by providing an improved operating life cycle.
"Consideration of the unstable conditions of underground mining prompted us to develop a plastic housing around the light that will not break, should it be flung or fall on the ground," he explains.
Research on the potential impact of LED lights, with regard to the reduction of mining injuries during operation and the maintenance of lighting systems, published by the US National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH), reports that 140 relevant mining accident records were found between 2002 and 2006 in the US.
NIOSH says the incidents resulted in 3 668 working days being lost, with an additional 925 days of restricted activity on the mines.
About 74 accidents occurred during lighting maintenance when workers were changing bulbs at the mines. Although 37% of the maintenance accidents resulted in nonfatal days-lost injuries, the days away from work averaged 78.4 per injury.
There were five cases where employees received cuts when the bulb broke in their hands while it was being removed, says the NIOSH report authored by Michael Yenchek and John Samarco.
"The role LED technology plays in these accidents is to reduce the need for maintenance and exposure to maintenance-related hazards," says Marks.
Azolite reports that the application of LED lights in the mining industry could also be beneficial to plants that are highly dependant on electricity as a power source because these lights consume significantly less energy.
"As a result, the operating costs of a plant and its environmental footprint are reduced," says Azolite sales and marketing manager Rikus Prinsloo.
Marks mentions that the LED light is simultaneously undergoing testing by the South African Bureau of Standards and trials being conducted by some of the mining houses operating in the country.
"Because the needs of mines differ, the product must be versatile, which is why its introduction onto the market is being delayed."
Other Innovative Products
Proof Engineering, also a division of Powermite, has manufactured plugs and socket products from a new zinc alloy material, developed in-house, to expand its flameproof range.
Prinsloo says the zinc alloy was developed as an alternative to brass, owing to the high incidence of brass theft. In addition to reducing and eliminating coupler theft, other consequential benefits include:
- Improved safety – unlike brass that will deform (or even form hairline cracks) under abusive use, the South African Future Value (ZAFV) material would rather break
- Improved production availability
- Reduced labour costs (resulting from unplanned replacement activities)
- Reduced unscheduled or unplanned downtime
- Reduced operating costs
- An opportunity to manage couplers from 'cradle to grave' as the material contaminates scrap metal salvage operations
"Our research and development has recommended the ZAFV material, as it is not targeted by thieves who supply scrap yards or unscrupulous resellers and repairers. In addition, the third generation of the ZAFV material is already in an advanced development phase," adds Marks.


Using Scale Item Barecodes
In many retail stores the use of scale items or better known as weighted items is a big part of the business.
In IQ Retail's IQ Enterprise or IQ Business integrated accounting package these items can be handled with ease. This post is to show how this can be set up in a few simple steps.
 1. Understanding the barecode
 -The first two digits in the barecode (20 in the example shown) is the scan code typeBacon
 -The next three, four or five digits is padding or space savers, normaly zeros to fill the space between the scan code and stock code (4 zeros in the example shown)
 -After the zeros is the stock code (9 in the example shown)
 -Then there is the Price Check Digit (0 in the example shown)
 -Price follows (2604 in the example shown)
 -The last digit is the overall check digit (7 in the example shown)
 2. Setting up your scan code type
 Now that you can read the scan code type from the barecode (first two digits), head over to Point of Sale – POS setup – Define ScancodesIn this set up screen make sure that your barecode printed from the scale matches the set up in the corresponding scan code type. If needed, add or remove item code "I" or price "P" indicators.Scancodes
 3. Creating your stock item code
 In the stock maintenance screen you can now add your item.
 The item code will consist of your scan code type, the padding zeros, plus your stock code. For the example the item code will be _PHONE_.
 Then make sure that you deselect "Disallow Decimals" and to select "Scale Item". In the price tab add the price per weight.StockItem
 4. Scan you barecode in POS
 Using a barecode scanner you can now scan your item in point of sale.


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Is there support in the Talmud or later rabbinical literature to interpreting the Torah term "eitz," commonly translated as "tree," to also mean "thought". This of course, is a common usage in Yiddish, where Eitzos (plural of Eitz) refers to "ideas". If there is such support then could it be that the Bereshis 2:17 (Genesis 2:17) episode in Gan Eden where Adam is instructed to avoid the Eitz Hadas ("tree" of knowledge) really means that Adam was instructed to not "eat" (i.e., imbibe, engage, or believe in) thoughts which apparently differentiate between "good" and "evil". In other words, the Torah may be relating that such conceptual discrimination led to the expulsion from Gan Eden (Paradise)?
Is there support in the Talmud or later writings to this interpretation?
share|improve this question
Sounds like a question for _USER_! – Double AA May 21 '12 at 1:41
Hersh, while your question intrigues, note that if you meant it just as you asked it then you're laboring under a misapprehension. Etzos isn't the Yiddish plural of etz: it's the plural of etza, as in Hebrew. And while I'm far from being a Yiddish expert, I suspect that, as in Hebrew, etzos in Yiddish means "suggestions" or "pieces of advice" rather than "ideas". Etz (as in gan Eden) is a wholly different word. That said, I called your question intriguing, because of what Dan & DoubleAA mention, that similar words sometimes are related, whether etymologically or in drasha. – msh210 May 21 '12 at 4:24
The Yiddish Eitzos doesn't mean ideas. It's also not Yiddish. It is Hebrew, and it is the plural of 'Eitzah, which means advice. – Seth J May 21 '12 at 15:56
_USER_ I don't know about this case, but the two don't have to be mutually exclusive. – Double AA May 21 '12 at 21:11
_USER_ What's the "right" question, and what makes it so? – EEE May 21 '12 at 22:14
2 Answers 2
Here's one:
When the Alter Rebbe was still in Vitebsk he once expounded on the verse "You stand..." (Deut. 29:9). Taking eitz (wood) as an idiom of eitza (counsel), he interpreted "choppers of wood" to mean that one must chop out "the many thoughts (counsels) in the heart of man."
(Hayom Yom, 19 Elul)
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Alex - thank youOT -- the full quote from Tanya Ch.1 includes "Those who draw water," he interpreted - one must drain out the water that "makes all enjoyments grow."3 Maybe that's why Moshe Rabbeinu was named so -- Min Hamayim Mishisehu - Moshe was pulled from the water (Even more OT... water "Mayim" in Torah may be refering to what in the east is called "Maya" or illusion/delusion... Moshe was free off Mayim/Maya :) – Hersh May 22 '12 at 14:35
According to the Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, עץ is dervied from the verb עצה which means "to close the eyes... Arabic also to be hard, firm." This is also where the word spine is derived from.
"Thoughts," as described above, is separate, and not part of the etymology.
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do you have a link to the book? if not to the actual text, then to the book on amazon or the like? – Menachem May 22 '12 at 0:44
PDF of entire text. Indispensable resource. – EEE May 22 '12 at 4:03
_USER_- I really don't know where to go with the re-write suggestion as Alex's quote is good enough for me (i.e., it gives precedent for infering Eitz to be interpreted as "thought (counsel)"-- Beyond that, it may be far-fetched to say the story in Gan Eden is about the relationship between pure perception (Eden) and evaluative or interpretive thinking (Das Tov v'Ra) but that's the connection this mind makes and I'm happy to be the only person seeing it this way :) – Hersh May 22 '12 at 14:42
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's primary duty is consumer protection.
"State law must provide a clear mandate that the only or primary purpose of the oversight statute and agency is ensuring educational quality and consumer protection. Conflicting purposes or the failure to state any purpose can cause confusion among staff about an agency's mission, provide the industry with an inappropriate level of influence over the agency, and cause the agency to neglect its consumer protection and oversight role."
10. Eliminate sunset provisions in for-profit school oversight statutes.
The for-profit college industry is not going away anytime soon, and neither should state and federal oversight statues and agencies.
Some states currently have sunset provisions, which provide for the automatic termination of a statute and oversight agency on a set date unless extended by the state legislature. The NCLC recommends these provisions should be eliminated.
"[These provisions] also give the for-profit industry an opportunity to either water down standards or prevent the extension of a state law and agency. Rather than provide for the automatic termination of an oversight statute, state law should provide for periodic legislative reviews. Legislatures should affirmatively decide that an agency is unnecessary before that agency and its authorizing statute are terminated."
While federal rules and regulations, such as the gainful employment rule, are currently being debated, the NCLC says the time for states to act is now.
"Without strong laws and agencies, students and their families will continue to suffer the long-term economic consequences of deceptive recruitment techniques and inferior educations."
Only time will tell if state oversight agencies can truly protect consumers from for-profit colleges, but the NCLC recommendations set consumer advocates up with the tools that could make a difference.
"The state oversight role is critically important to ensuring that all students who invest in and work hard at a postsecondary education will end up with the skills and knowledge they need to improve their lives and the futures of their families."
Ensuring Educational Integrity: 10-Steps To Improve State Oversight Of For-Profit Schools [National Consumer Law Center]


Communicator's Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Wildland Fire Overview
Chapter 3: Fire Management
Chapter 4: Communication Planning and Strategy
Chapter 5: Communication Materials
Chapter 6: Cooperative Programs
Chapter 7: Fire Education
Chapter 8: Fire Prevention
Chapter 9: Fire Mitigation
Chapter 10: Resources
Chapter 11: Appendix
6. Cooperative Programs
Cooperation is difficult to define because it can mean different things to each entity involved. The act of cooperating also takes on unique qualities in each situation. This section describes a process that may be adopted for use by many agencies for a common purpose, in this case, wildland fire management. Some alliances may be short in duration and scope, others more long-term. Regardless of the duration, most will require planning, nurturing, and formal documenting.
Fire agencies have a history of cooperation, most often occurring on a voluntary basis to overcome a lack of fire resources. Fire education, prevention, and mitigation programs often find themselves involved in collaborative partnerships as well. Diminishing budgets and increased expectations of public services
require continued efforts to build new and diverse cooperative approaches.
Benefits of Cooperation
Rapid urban expansion and the ensuing use of resources challenge land and resource managers, urban planners, governing entities, and emergency service agencies. It also has the potential to greatly affect the quality of life for people who use and choose to live in the wildland/urban interface (WUI).
For example, fires in the WUI challenge both structural and wildland firefighters, who are trained and equipped differently. Wildland firefighting agencies are now faced with an increased number of homes built in the path of wildfires, and their municipal counterparts are grappling with multiple ignitions from fast-burning vegetative fires. Everyone agrees that no single agency is adequately prepared to handle both types of firefighting. Suppression of these fires is directed by a unified command, involving structural fire departments protecting structures and wildland fire suppression agencies suppressing the wildfire.
The problem is compounded by the fact that wildfires do not acknowledge boundaries of community, land management agencies, or fire districts. Therefore, agencies responding to fires in WUI areas must develop combined, coordinated efforts to be effective.
Wildland fire management influences many aspects of the WUI, such as healthy forests and sustainable wildlife habitat, clean water, recreational access needs, insect and disease encroachment, hydrologic impacts, scenic views, wildlife, and needs for environmental education. All stakeholders involved also need to understand these "quality of life" issues as valued by the people living in local areas. This understanding will help provide opportunities for cooperation between citizens and those organizations mandated to protect their properties and adjacent resources from wildfire. Governmental agencies must understand and clearly illustrate their specific roles in managing wildland fire and ensure that the public shares the responsibility for the resolution of these problems.
Managing a wildland fire problem requires a community and interagency understanding of all resource
management challenges associated with urban growth and increased use. This is best accomplished at the local level where problems are the most obvious and immediate.
An example of wildland fire cooperation on a national level is the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG). The purpose of the NWCG is to design and coordinate programs of the participating agencies to avoid wasteful duplication and to provide a means of constructively working together.
Numerous coordinating groups of smaller scope (regional, state, and local) can be found across the country. Other examples of cooperation can be found in the efforts of private associations, citizen groups, and governmental organizations. Examples of cooperators include The Nature Conservancy, State Wildlife Agencies, State Natural Heritage Programs, as well as state forestry agencies, tribal governments and federal land management agencies.
According to the NWCG, fire prevention and education includes all of "the actions taken to limit the
adverse environmental, societal, political, and economical effects of wildland fire." Community groups and non-fire organizations are now being integrated better into wildland fire management and may also be signatory to new cooperative agreements. If not signatory, their views, interests and participation must be incorporated into your education, prevention and mitigation efforts. Building cooperation can be challenging. Preparation for cooperation includes identifying the factors that facilitate cooperation and recognizing the obstacles that detract.
Factors that facilitate cooperation
1. Shared problems; sense of threat or crisis
2. Shared goals
3. Sense of place
4. Prior relationships between individuals
5. Public pressure or interest
6. Use of a collaborative, proactive process
7. Effective process management
8. Interpersonal skills
9. Dedicated, open-minded individuals
10. Opportunities for interaction; a sense of control
11. Resources, capabilities and support
12. Technology, especially telecommunications
Obstacles to effective cooperation
1. Limited resources, time and energy
2. Limited skills of staff members in outreach, human relations
3. Government policies or budgeting
4. Attitudinal factors
5. Intergroup attitudes, as between social groups, organizations
6. Organizational norms and turf
7. Lack of agency support for interagency efforts
8. Public opposition
9. Inadequate opportunities for interaction
10. Conflicting or ineffective incentives to cooperation
11. Ineffective process management
12. Local parochial concerns
13. Inappropriate political influence
Wildfire Protection Cooperatives
Utilizing the six-step process outlined below will help establish partnerships in a cooperative approach to wildfire prevention. These general collaboration techniques can be applied directly to the establishment of various partnerships within fire management including cooperative fire education or mitigation programs.
In the six-step process you will:
1. Identify Partners and Get Commitment
2. Define the Current Situation
3. Define Roles and Responsibilities
4. Set Goals and Objectives
5. Document and Implement the Plan
6. Evaluate and Revise the Plan
1. Identify Partners and Get Commitment
It's important to realize that cooperation takes place between people, not organizations. So the first step is to identify partners. A partnership is not itself a goal but rather a means of achieving a goal. Partnerships are voluntary, mutually beneficial, desired arrangements between groups. They are established to accomplish mutual objectives that are consistent with the mission of each group.
Work with fellow agencies in your area to determine who should take the lead role in cooperating with rural and urban fire departments for wildland fire protection. In some cases it may be state forestry agencies due to their existing relationships with other state agencies and their responsibility to protect rural lands. In other cases it may be federal agencies due to federal fire assistance programs.
It is important that the interests of each agency, organization, or group be carefully acknowledged in the
process. A partnership should include:
Appropriate legal authority
Consistency with agency plans, policies, and priorities
Evident public benefit
Mutual interest in and benefits from a common objective
Realistic time frames
Voluntary participation
Written agreement(s) between parties
Establish a dialogue among the agencies and organizations that can increase the level of fire protection. Concentrate on those agencies you know that may be asking the same questions, and seeking similar solutions.
Fire prevention should be a shared responsibility among those who live and work in the same area. Identifying many potential partners and seeking their ideas and suggestions will increase the level of cooperation as they, at least, agree to agree. The responsibility for fire management centers on fire agencies, but the overall responsibility for fire prevention resides in a network of private and public organizations, businesses, and, of course, the residents themselves.
2. Define the Current Situation
Gather information, research and analyze the current fire prevention situation in the targeted areas. Define the fire management situation in more detailed terms of hazards, current and potential risks, and values to be protected. Fire protection mapping, for example, identifies the values at greatest risk and the location of available interagency resources needed to protect those values in the event of wildfire. These maps can also identify areas where fuel treatment projects can reduce potential fire intensity and spread, and lower property and resource loss in the event of a wildfire. Once the fire management situation can be described
in these terms, partners can identify specific areas of improvement that can be gained through cooperation.
3. Define Roles and Responsibilities
Missions and practices vary between fire protection agencies and organizations. It is important to distinguish between them in this process. Highlight strengths and weaknesses of current programs and focus on areas where interagency efforts can be most beneficial.
The interests of each agency, organization, or group must be carefully acknowledged in this process. No one group's mission is more important than another. Each partner must operate within legal boundaries, and this step will identify barriers, conflicting regulations, and laws that may need alteration for overall public benefit.
Organizational ethics, accountability, and credibility are an integral part of roles and responsibilities and must be upheld by each partner. The appearance or actual establishment of "conflict of interest" must be avoided. Endorsement of commercial products, services, or entities should be avoided unless authorized. Legal requirements relating to procurement, personnel, labor, printing, and publishing must be honored.
4. Set Goals and Objectives
Establish goals and objectives for cooperative opportunities. Likely, they will be designed to solve the most pressing problems first - the ones that cannot be ignored. Among the types of cooperative opportunities to consider are awareness and education, training, prevention, communications and dispatch, weather services and equipment, and suppression resources (e.g., equipment, stations, and personnel).
Often goals and objectives involve formal protection assistance agreements. There are generally four types of protection assistance methods that can be employed between fire agencies. Agencies may choose to use one or all four or a combination. These four methods enable protection assistance between signing agencies and organizations. Each agency may also


text:
Interface and surface technology
Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM
Identifying loads affecting the surfaces of components. Modifying these surfaces for better functionality and performance.
Manufacturing processes or operational usage often subject component surfaces to stress. At the same time, the functionality of a technical system is often incorporated into these surfaces. The Fraunhofer IWM has the know-how, the methods and the techniques to optimize component surfaces in terms of friction, optics, wetting, conductivity, topography or adhesion.
Modern analysis techniques are used to assess interfaces and surfaces and identify failure mechanisms. These include modern coating technologies or specific surface layer modifications. Layer growth, tribological contacts and adhesion phenomenon are simulated in order to optimize the development of layers.
- Interface energy
- Surface morphology and topography (atomic to large-scale)
- Surface chemistry, chemical structure (SIMS, GDOES)
- Internal stress (radiographic, interferometric, RAMAN)
Experimental and numerical assessment
- Contact mechanics
- Surface layer stress
- Tribological processes
- Layer growth processes
- Adhesion, detachment
Changing and manufacturing surfaces
- Customized resistant material layers
- Functional coatings
- Manufacture of nano-porous materials
- Surface layer modifications
- Separation techniques


The power outages are causing a lot of problems across the country, and due to the relentless cold weather, people have come up with their own way to stay warm.
Keep scrolling for a step-by-step guide on how to make one of these inventive heaters of your own...
As of right now, there are over 3 million people without power...
And the freezing temperatures we are experiencing are making matters worse.
Although, some have shared their genius hack to stay warm until the power comes back on...
People are using Terracotta Flower Pots and candles to heat up their homes.
Yep, that's right, people have invented flower pot heaters to stay warm...
And everyone is loving the inventive idea.
But you might be asking yourself, how does this work?
Well, the clay/terracotta pots absorb the energy from the candles and radiate that heat.
And what makes the idea even better, is you probably already have everything you need to make one...
Check out how to make your own below...
You'll need:
1. Flower pot - this has to be clay or terracotta.
2. Tea Light Candles.
I'm pretty sure we all have some of them hanging around.
3. Some bricks or something you can place the pot on.
You can also use glass or cooking pans.
Some people have also been using bolts to hold the heater up if you want to be a little fancier...
Like you see above.
So, how do you make it?
First, you have to take your flower pot and turn it upside down.
The, put your candles inside and light them.
Make sure they're not on a surface that'll easily burn.
Stick the bricks or whatever you are using onto the sides of the flower pot.
After a few hours, your room with begin to heat up!
Just make sure to keep an eye on kids and pets as the pot can reach 500F.
I'm on my way to make one right now!
Keep scrolling for more...


About the presenter: Joseph Donaher specializes in pediatric fluency issues at The Children's Seashore House of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He is a doctoral student and adjunct instructor at Temple University under the guidance of Dr. Woody Starkweather. Prior to becoming a speech pathologist, Joseph performed as a proffessional juggler. He has appeared in shows at the Trump Taj Mahal, Showboat and Resorts International in Atlantic City. Television appearances include; Dick Clark's Bloopers and Practical Jokes, The Toyota Comedy Festival and CBS This Morning.
You can post Questions/comments about the following paper to Joe Donaher before October 22, 2000.
by Joseph Donaher
from Pennsylvania, USA
Stuggling and Juttering is a program that uses juggling as a metaphor for stuttering at all levels of the therapeutic process. It was developed at Temple University and is based on Woody Starkweather's Awareness, Acceptance and Change Model (Starkweather & Givens-Ackerman,1997). The program combines the positive and rewarding aspects of juggling with the challenging and frequently frustrating demands of speech therapy for adolescents who stutter. Juggling was initially used to build rapport with clients and to act as a reinforcer. To establish rapport the clinician would juggle during the session and encourage the clients to take part in the activity. It was quickly recognized that when the clients were engaged with juggling, they felt increasingly free to interact and share with the clinician. As a reinforcer, the adolescents were rewarded for working hard during the session by being allowed to practice juggling for 5 to 10 minutes. These 2 goals continue to be an essential part of the program. However, as the program evolved, juggling became a more integral part of the therapeutic journey.
Whenever this program is discussed someone asks the question, "why juggling?" Truthfully, there is nothing inherently therapeutic in juggling. It was used simply because the student-clinician was a professional juggler. Prior to entering graduate school, he had spent 10 years performing in revue shows in Atlantic City and at various locations around the country. Woody Starkweather stressed that this clinician should allow his clients to truly get to know him. The student-clinician felt that juggling would be a great way to establish therapeutic relationships.
In actuality, juggling is not entirely without therapeutic merit. An accomplished juggler demonstrates the qualities of concentration, balance, rhythm, focusing and playfulness (Gelb & Buzan, 1994). Jugglers attempt to make the complicated look natural. They become intimate with small failures in the form of drops and strive to learn from these minor setbacks. A juggler who never drops is a juggler who never pushes his own limits and never takes risks. Jugglers also become familiar with the process of learning. They are trained to break things down and analyze the component parts. For example, when learning to juggle you should always begin with one ball. As your comfort level increases, you progress to a second and then a third ball. As your learning curve advances, you begin to experience increased confidence, self-worth and self-esteem. Juggling also promotes increased concentration, attention, dexterity and interpersonal communication skills. Juggling encourages patience and relaxation through a meditation-like integration of mind, body and spirit (Finnigan, 1992). Ironically, many of these variables are frequently missing or underdeveloped in adolescents who stutter.
Gelb and Buzan present the idea of relaxed concentration in their book, Lessons from the Art of Juggling (1994). They suggest that when learning to juggle one must be able to divide one's attention between various elements while focusing on the whole picture. They feel that one must be relaxed and focused at the same. Each individual needs to discover when and where to apply effort in order to make the task look effortless and natural. Too often individuals equate success with effort, according to Gelb and Buzan. Unfortunately, if you are employing erroneous patterns or techniques, increased effort will simply lead to frustration, anxiety and failure. This has tremendous implications for adolescents who stutter. If one's speech is "stuck" the natural thought is to "push it out." This is exactly how secondary behaviors develop. The individual adopts a behavior such as facial grimacing or head nods in an attempt to escape the actual stuttering behavior. As these movements become less effective maskers, the individual increases the effort behind them. In this way, the secondaries grow larger and become more socially stigmatizing.
The second commonly asked question is, "why is this program successful with adolescents?" First consider that the majority of research and intervention programs for stuttering concentrate on either the adult population or on early intervention. With adults who stutter, the SLP utilizes direct techniques to challenge the individual to actively take responsibility for his or her own progress. With young children, there are several established programs that apply indirect therapy techniques to enhance the child's environment and promote fluency.
Adolescence is a time of limbo where the individuals are often too old for the indirect techniques used with preschoolers but not yet ready to fully take responsibility for their own journey. For this reason, there are minimal programs developed specifically for this age group and many SLPs dread working with this population. Further complicating matters is the fact that this population is frequently jaded toward speech therapy as a result of years of ineffective or inappropriate speech therapy that implemented no real change. It is nearly as common for adolescents who stutter to report negative stories regarding their experiences with SLPs as it is for them to report negative experiences with peers at school. Some report being taught outrageous techniques while others report spending countless hours practicing words and sentences in groups with people who do not stutter. For whatever reasons, adolescents rarely look at speech therapy as a positive experience.
On the contrary, juggling is universally viewed in a positive light. It is usually displayed at festive engagements to create an exciting atmosphere. Jugglers are viewed as entertaining, coordinated and highly likeable individuals. Although everyone knows what juggling is, relatively few people can actually juggle. An instructor at Davidson College in North Carolina conducts a survey of incoming freshman every year. He reports that on average less then 10% of freshman can actually juggle three balls. With this in mind, consider the question that is asked early on in the Stuggling and Juttering program. "Which is more difficult, effective communication or juggling?" Most adolescents consider juggling to be much more difficult. Imagine their motivation when they learn to juggle 1,2 and eventually 3 balls. They have just joined the small fraternity of jugglers and have experienced success in an activity that they once considered extremely difficult.
The motivation gained from learning how to juggle transfers into motivation regarding their speech. In the initial weeks of therapy, they focus more on their progress with juggling. It is easy to monitor progress in this area but often difficult for adolescents to identify progress with their speech, especially in the early stages. One reason for this is the fact that many of the early goals in therapy are intangible and unobservable. These include increasing awareness, decreasing denial and dealing with the emotional issues of fear and shame. Furthermore, for many individuals the initial period of therapy is marked by an increase in stuttering behaviors. This may be secondary to the reduction of avoidance behaviors or a result of truly analyzing their own speech for the first time. By allowing them to concentrate on their juggling successes early on, the clinician fosters feelings of accomplishment and shows the client that they can be victorious. In this way, the individual gains control and avoids the feeling of helplessness that frequently is felt by adolescents who stutter.
Regardless of individual experiences, most people would prefer not to be in speech therapy. Adolescents, especially those that have not experienced success in therapy, detest the idea of working with a speech pathologist on issues including emotions, attitudes, thoughts and behaviors. During adolescence teenagers have a tremendous need to be considered "normal" and stuttering is not considered "normal." This is why many families seek professionals outside of their school system. They are attempting to avoid the embarrassment and frustration that often accompanies pull-out services in the schools. Adolescents frequently will not admit that they are in therapy and will manufacture elaborate stories to hide their secret from their friends. This is the same emotional response that motivates youngsters to hide their stuttering from others. A prime example of this is a 13 year-old boy named Michael. He refused to work with the school speech therapist because services were provided in the trailer outside of his school. He felt that if he went on the trailer, everyone would tease him for going on the "stupid bus." He also refused to see a therapist outside of school because he dreaded talking about his stuttering. After his parents bribed him to start therapy at Temple University's Stuttering Clinic, he was enrolled in the Stuggling and Juttering program. He then bonded with the therapist and thoroughly enjoyed the challenge of learning how to juggle. Eventually the therapist was permitted to address speech related issues because Michael knew that was the only way to learn more juggling tricks. A few weeks later, Michael's mom reported that he was bugging her to leave earlier so they would not be late for "juggling class."
Juggling and stuttering therapy are also inter-related in the underlying process involved in each activity. Both can be viewed in terms of perpetual journeys. Just as there is no beginning and end for juggling, there is no set beginning and end to therapy. There will always be new tricks and new directions for jugglers to explore. Just as there will always be new emotions, ideas and behaviors for the clinician and client to explore. Each individual has begun his