text:
Canada Wildrye Plant Information
Canada Wildrye grows in the following 48 states:Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, District Of Columbia, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Oregon, West Virginia, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington
Elymus canadensis is a species of wild rye known by the common name Canada wild rye. This grass is native to much of North America, being most abundant in the central plains and Great Plains. It grows in a number of ecosystems, including riparian woodlands, many types of forest, lakeside sand dunes, and tallgrass prairie.
Canada wild rye is a perennial bunchgrass reaching heights of 1 to 1.5 metres (3ft 3in to 4ft 11in). It grows from a small rhizome, forms a shallow, fine root network, and is a facultative mycotroph, receiving about 25% of its nutrients on average from symbiotic mycorrhizae. Its stems are hollow and tough at maturity and bear rough, flat leaves reaching 20 to 30cm (8 to 10in) in length.
The inflorescence is a nodding spike up to 25cm (9.8in) long containing 5 to 20 spikelets. Each spikelet is 1 to 2cm (0.4 to 0.8in) long, not counting the sharp, hard, curling awn which may exceed 3cm (1.2in) in length.
Canada wild rye is sometimes used for stabilizing eroded areas and for vegetating metal-rich soils in reclaimed mines.
Elymus canadensis is an allotetraploid, which mainly reproduces by self-pollination, but can cross-pollinate with several other strains of Elymus in order to provide more genetic variation. In addition, because of its ability to cross-pollinate, new species can emerge through nature or breeding programs, thereby contributing more plants that could potentially lead to novel crops. In fact, the cultivar 'Homestead', one of the few plants that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding of E. canadensis, has been shown to produce larger amounts of forage, and has higher digestibility than other cultivars of Canada wildrye and Virginia wildrye. The current primary use of 'Homestead' is as a conservation plant, along with its use as keeping the soil next to roads from eroding too much. However, its qualities could potentially lead to further research in creating other cultivars of E. canadensis that could possibly be used as crop plants, with higher food yield and digestibility.
The gene pool of Elymus canadensis can provide information on promoting disease resistance in Hordeum vulgare (barley). In two different Elymus canadensis Hordeum vulgare hybrid groups, the ones with Elymus canadensis cytoplasm were missing a chromosome that was homologous to the barley chromosome 7, and the ones with the Hordeum vulgare cytoplasm were missing a chromosome homologous to barley chromosome 3. The lack of each of the chromosomes in the hybrids was not random, and were caused by differences in DNA myelination. Thus, further research can use these differences in order to figure out what exactly makes Elymus canadensis so hardy, and be able to integrate its hardiness into barley so that the crop can withstand more environmental stress.
Elymus canadensis has also been shown to contain a novel high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit (GS) allele. HMW-GS has been shown in wheat and other crops to determine its overall quality. Thus, further research could elaborate on the E. canadensis allele in order to improve our knowledge of HMW-GS' structural differentiation in different species, and its evolutionary history, in an attempt to increase crop quality through these alleles.
Elymus canadensis has a familiar relationship as a host with a variety of endophytic fungi. Such a symbiotic relationship could be part of the reason why E. canadensis has been so successful as a prairie grass, and may have played a large influence in the grass's evolutionary history. In fact, research suggests that the epichloe do not hinder seed production in the host plant, so the fungi do not obstruct E. canadensis's reproduction, and may in fact aid the process. Further research can expand upon this fungal symbiotic relationship, perhaps to improve the success of agricultural crops. Specifically, research can examine if the different varieties of epichloe will provide E. canadensis with agronomic qualities such as drought tolerance and field production. If this is supported, epichloe may be able to be used to improve the sustainability of crop populations that have a similar genetic makeup to E. canadensis.
More inforamtion about Canada Wildrye.


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Formannskapsdistrikt was the name for a Norwegian local self-government districts that were legally enacted on 1 January 1838. This system of municipalities was created in a bill approved by the Parliament of Norway and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 January 1837.[1] The formannskaps law, which fulfilled an express requirement of the Constitution of Norway, required that every parish (Norwegian: prestegjeld) form a formannsskapsdistrikt (municipality) on 1 January 1838. In this way, the parishes of the state Church of Norway became worldly, administrative districts as well. (Although some parishes were divided into two or three municipalities.) In total, there were 396 formannsskapsdistrikts created under this law. There were different types of formannskapsdistrikts that were created also:
Number of
Type of district
25 City/town
3 City/town with a surrounding rural district
12 Lading places (ladested)
1 Rural district consisting of two (very small) seaports
3 Rural districts with dependent small seaports
1 Port and naval base
1 Rural district with dependent mining town
350 Rural districts
See below for a list of all districts, broken down by county.
The introduction of self-government in rural districts was a major political change. The Norwegian farm culture (bondekultur) that emerged came to serve as a symbol of nationalistic resistance to the forced union with Sweden. The legislation of 1837 gave both the towns and the rural areas the same institutions: a minor change for the town, but a major advance for the rural communities. The significance of this legislation is hailed by a nationalistic historian, Ernst Sars:[2]
"So great an advance in relation to the political development of the people that on that account it can almost be placed alongside the Constitution. By it the free constitution was given a broad basis to rest upon and be nourished from, and became related to the daily life and activity of the people in such a way that its principles could penetrate everywhere and be most effectively acquired… There was at that time scarcely any European state where local self-government was so well organized and so widely ramified as it became in Norway through the legislation of 1837."[2]
In 1853, the land registration law superseded the formannsskapsdistrikt by introduction of a new designation, the municipality (Norwegian: herred). Two forms of municipality were created: "rural municipality" and "city" (or "market town"). Each district was to elect a body of selectmen of no less than 12 members and no more than 48 members. This body selected a quarter of their members as a committee which, together with the local magistrate, established taxes to be levied and improvements to be performed in the district. The local chairman also represented the municipality at the county level.[1][3]
Almost one century later in 1936, a local self-government district law was enacted which created 682 rural municipalities (landkommuner) and 65 city municipalities (bykommuner) in Norway. Among the city municipalities, 43 had the status of town (kjøpstad) and 22 were recognized harbors for export/import (ladested). Norway included a subordinate category to the market town, the "small seaport" (lossested or ladested), which was a port or harbor with a monopoly to import and export goods and materials in both the port and for a surrounding outlying district. Typically these were locations for exporting timber and importing grain and goods. Local farm goods and timber sales were all required to pass through merchants at either a lading place or a market town prior to export. This incentive ensured that local trading went through local merchants, a technique which was so effective in limiting smuggling that customs revenues increased from less than 30% of the total tax revenues in 1600 to more than 50% of the total taxes by 1700.[4]
During the last half of the 20th century, the distinction between the different types of municipalities was decreased and in 1992, legislation eliminated all distinctions. Now all municipalities (Norwegian: kommuner) are simply municipalities.[4]
List of districts[edit]
This is a list of the districts that were initially created on 1 January 1838. The original spellings have been used (many spellings have changed since that time. For a present list of current municipalities, see the List of municipalities of Norway.
Amt (County) City or town Lading place Rural district Total
Smaalehnenes Amt Frederiksstad,
Aremark, Askim, Berg, Borge, Eidsberg, Glemminge, Haabøl, Hvaler, Id, Mosse Landdistrict, Onsø, Rakkestad, Rygge, Rødenæs, Raade, Skiptvet, Skjeberg, Spydeberg, Trygstad, Tune, Vaaler 24
Agershuus Amt Drøbak,
Soon og Hølen[Note 1]
Aker, Asker, Urskog, Bærum, Eidsvold, Enebak, Fet, Frogn, Gjerdrum, Hurdalen, Høland, Kraakstad, Nannestad, Næs, Næsodden, Nitedal, Skedsmo, Sørum, Ullensaker, Vestby with Hvidsteen,[Note 2] Aas 23
Christiania Amt[Note 3] Christiania 1
Hedemarkens Amt Elverum, Grue, Hof, Kvikne, Løiten, Næs, Nordre Odalen, Rendalen, Ringsaker, Romedal, Stange, Store Elvedalen, Søndre Odalen, Tolgen, Trysil, Tønsæt, Vang, Vinger, Aamot 19
Christians Amt Lillehammer Birid, Fron, Faaberg, Gausdal, Gran, Jævnaker, Land, Lesje, Lom, Nordre Aurdal, Ringebu, Slidre, Søndre Aurdal, Vang, Vardal, Vestre Toten, Vaage, Østre Toten, Øier 20
Budskeruds Amt Drammen,
Eker, Flesberg, Gol, Hole, Hurum, Lier, Modum, Næs, Norderhov, Rollag, Røken, Sandsvær, Sigdal, Aal 16
Jarlsberg og Laurvigs Amt Holmestrand,
Sandefjord, Aasgaardstrand Anneboe, Borre, Botne, Brunlagnæs, Hedrum, Hof, Laurdal, Nøtterøe, Ramnæs, Sandeherred, Sande, Sæm, Skouger, Frederiksværn,[Note 4] Stokke, Strømmen, Strømsgodset, Tjølling, Tjømø, Vaale 25
Bratsbergs Amt Kragerøe,
Bamble with Stathelle,[Note 2], Drangedal, Eidanger, Gjerpen, Hitterdal, Hjerdal, Holden, Hvidesøe, Laurdal, Mo, Moland, Nissedal, Sannikedal, Seufde, Sillejord, Slemdal, Solum, Tind, Vinje 25
Nedenæs og Raabygdelaugets Amt Arendal,
Birkenæs, Bygland, Dybvaag, Eide, Evje og Veigusdal, Gjerrestad, Heirefos, Holt, Hordnæs og Iveland, Landvig, Søndeløv, Valle, Vegaardsheien, Vestre Moland, Østre Moland, Øiestad, Omlid, Aaseral 23
Lister og Mandals Amt Christianssand Farsund,
Bjelland og Grindem, Finsland, Fjotland, Gyland, Mandals Landdistrict, Herod, Holme, Hegebostad, Lyngdal, Nedre Qvinnesdal, Næs og Hitterø, Oddernæs, Søgne, Tved, Undal, Vandsøe, Østre Bakke, Øvrebøe, Øslebø og Løvdal 23
Stavanger Amt Stavanger Egersund Avaldsnæs, Birkrem, Egersund landdistrikt, Finnø, Gjæsdal, Helleland, Heskestad, Hetland, Hjelmeland, Høiland, Haa, Haaland, Jælse, Klep, Lunde, Nærstrand, Rennesø, Skjold, Skudesnæs, Soggendal with Sogndalstrand,[Note 2] Strand, Suledal, Time, Torvestad, Vestre Bakke, Vikedal 28
Søndre Bergenhuus Amt Askøen, Bergens Landdistrict, Eid, Etne, Fanøe, Findaas, Fj


text: I have two networks Network 1 and Network 2 shown in the picture, and one client machine that must access resources on both networks. Due to security reasons the two networks must be isolated from each other. I have only basic understanding of networking and am complete newbie to Mikrotiks. How do I configure the router to support this configuration? I understand that this scenario is like having 2 ISPs, but I cannot figure out how to configure the routes so that each gateway is used only to access it's own resources.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Setup guide for Windows (64-bit)
- To use Unity to make SpatialOS games, see the GDK for Unity documentation.
- To use Unreal to make SpatialOS games, see the GDK for Unreal documentation.
1. System requirements
We support up-to-date versions of Windows 7 and 10.
Before following the setup guide check that your machine meets the hardware requirements.
2. Install SpatialOS
Download the SpatialOS installer and follow the steps.
- the SpatialOS Launcher
- the 32-bit Visual C++ Redistributable
- the 64-bit Visual C++ Redistributable


text:
In a review of studies on probiotics and athletic performance, researchers noted while probiotics don't directly affect athletic performance, probiotics help athletes avoid becoming ill from over-exertion and increase the chances that athletes will stay healthy.
Doctors found consistent evidence that athletes who take probiotics recover faster from fatigue, stay healthier overall, including catching fewer colds, and avoid stomach and intestinal upset compared to athletes who do not take probiotics.
In an athletic fatigue study, researchers noted that when athletes over-train, their immune systems respond poorly, making them susceptible to viruses, especially Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). EBV causes mononucleosis and may cause chronic fatigue syndrome.
In this study, doctors took saliva samples from eight fatigued athletes before and one month after taking L. acidophilus probiotics capsules. Before treatment, five athletes tested positive for EBV. After treatment, one tested positive.
Researchers also found that the type of white blood cell (CD4) that responds to infection was malfunctioning before treatment and functioned normally afterward.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition; December 2008, Electronic Pre-publication.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
| ||Format||Pages||Price|| |
|24||$72.00|| ADD TO CART|
|Hardcopy (shipping and handling)||24||$72.00|| ADD TO CART|
Significance and Use
Users of this practice must determine for themselves whether the practices described meet the requirements of local or national authorities regulating asbestos or other fibrous hazards.
Variations of this practice have been described by the Asbestos Research Council in Great Britain (8), the Asbestos International Association (AIA) RTM 1 (9), NIOSH 7400, OSHA (Reference Method ID 160), and ISO 8672. Where the counting rules of the latter three methods differ, this is noted in the text.
The technique is specific for fibers. PCM is a fiber counting technique that excludes non-fibrous particles from the analysis.
The technique is inexpensive, but requires specialized knowledge to carry out the analysis for total fiber counts, at least in so far as the analyst is often required under regulations to have taken a specific training course (for example, NIOSH 582, or equivalent).
The analysis is quick and can be performed on-site for rapid determination of the concentrations of airborne fibers.
The main limitation of PCM is that fibers are not identified. All fibers within the specified dimensional range are counted. Differential fiber counting may sometimes be used to discriminate between asbestos fibers and fibers of obviously different morphology, such as cellulose and glass fiber. In most situations, differential fiber counting cannot be used to adequately differentiate asbestos from non-asbestos fibers for purposes of compliance with regulations without additional positive identification. If positive identification of asbestos is required, this must be performed by polarized light or electron microscopy techniques, using a different portion of the filter.
A further limitation is that the smallest fibers visible by PCM are about 0.2 μm in diameter, while the finest asbestos fibers may be as small as 0.02 μm in diameter.
Where calculation of fiber concentration provides a result exceeding the regulatory standard, non-compliance is assumed unless it can be proven that the fibers counted do not belong to a member or members of the group of fibers regulated by that standard.
1.1 This practice describes the determination of the concentration of fibers, expressed as the number of such fibers per millilitre of air, using phase contrast microscopy and optionally transmission electron microscopy to evaluate particulate material collected on a membrane filter in the breathing zone of an individual or by area sampling in a specific location. This practice is based on the core procedures provided in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard ISO 8672 (1), the National Institute for Occupational and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods, NIOSH 7400 (2), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Method ID 160 (3). This practice indicates the important points where these methods differ, and provides information regarding the differences, which will allow the user to select the most appropriate procedure for a particular application. However, selecting portions of procedures from different published methods generally requires a user to report that they have used a modification to a method rather than claim they have used the method as written.
1.2 The practice is used for routine determination of an index of occupational exposure to airborne fibers in workplaces. Workplaces are considered those places where workers are exposed to airborne fibers including asbestos. Additional information on sampling strategies, sample collection (including calibration) and use of sample results for asbestos abatement projects is provided in a standard Practice for Air Monitoring for Management of Asbestos-Containing Materials (WK 8951) currently being considered by ASTM subcommittee E06.24. A further practice has been approved for the specific purpose of sampling and counting airborne fibers in mines and quarries (Practice D7200), although the practice herein may also be used for this purpose. The current practice may be used as a means of monitoring occupational exposure to asbestos fibers when asbestos fibers are known a priori to be present in the airborne dust. The practice gives an index of airborne fiber concentration. This practice may be used in conjunction with electron microscopy (See Appendix X1) for assistance in identification of fibers. This practice may be used for other materials such as fibrous glass, or man-made mineral fibers by using alternate counting rules (see Annex A4).
1.3 This practice specifies the equipment and procedures for sampling the atmosphere in the breathing zone of an individual and for determining the number of fibers accumulated on a filter membrane during the course of an appropriately-selected sampling period. The practice may also be used to sample the atmosphere in a specific location or room of a building (area sampling), where this may be helpful in assessing exposure to workers handling fiber-containing products.
1.4 The ideal working range of this test practice extends from 100 fibers/mm2 to 1300 fibers/mm2 of filter area. For a 1000-L air sample, this corresponds to a concentration range from approximately 0.04 to 0.5 fiber/mL (or fiber/cm3). Lower and higher ranges of fiber concentration can be measured by reducing or increasing the volume of air collected. However, when this practice is applied to sampling the presence of other, non-asbestos dust, the level of total suspended particulate may impose an upper limit to the volume of air that can be sampled if the filters produced are to be of appropriate fiber loading for fiber counting.
1.5 Users should determine their own limit of detection using the procedure in Practice D6620. For Reference the NIOSH 7400 method gives the limit of detection as 7 fibers/mm2 of filter area. For a 1000 L air sample, this corresponds to a limit of detection of 0.0027 fiber/mL (or fiber/cm3). For OSHA method ID 160 the limit of detection is given as 5.5 fibers/mm2 of filter area. For a 1000 L air sample, this corresponds to a limit of detection of 0.0022 fiber/mL (or fiber/cm3).
1.6 If this practice yields a fiber concentration that does not exceed the occupational limit value for the particular regulated fiber variety, no further action may be necessary. If the fiber concentration exceeds the occupational limit value for a specific fiber variety, and there is reason to suspect that the specific fiber variety is mixed with other fibers not covered under the same standard or regulation, the optional method specified in Appendix X1 may be used to measure the concentration or proportion of the fibers counted that are of the regulated variety.
1.7 The mounting medium used in this practice has a refractive index of approximately 1.45. Fibers with refractive indices in the range of 1.4 to 1.5 will exhibit reduced contrast, and may be difficult to detect.
1.8 Fibers less than approximately 0.2 μm in diameter will not be detected by this practice. (4)
1.9 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7. X1.1.1 This method is used to determine asbestos fibers in the optically visible range and is intended to complement the results obtained by phase contrast microscopy. X1.1.2 The quantitative working range of this test method extends from 100 fibers/mm2 to 1300 fibers/mm2 of filter area. For a 1000 L air sample, this corresponds to a concentration range from approximately 0.04 to 0.5 fiber/mL (or fiber/cm3). Lower and higher ranges of fiber concentration can be measured by reducing or increasing the volume of air collected. X1.1.3 The limit of detection for this method is one identified asbestos fiber above the 95 % confidence limit for analysis of blank filters.
X1.1.1 This method is used to determine asbestos fibers in the optically visible range and is intended to complement the results obtained by phase contrast microscopy.
X1.1.2 The quantitative working range of this test method extends from 100 fibers/mm2 to 1300 fibers/mm2 of filter area. For a 1000 L air sample, this corresponds to a concentration range from approximately 0.04 to 0.5 fiber/mL (or fiber/cm3). Lower and higher ranges of fiber concentration can be measured by reducing or increasing the volume of air collected.
X1.1.3 The limit of detection for this method is one identified asbestos fiber above the 95 % confidence limit for analysis of blank filters.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of Methods of Committee D22
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
D6281 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
D6620 Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
D7200 Practice for Sampling and Counting Airborne Fibers, Including Asbestos Fibers, in Mines and Quarries, by Phase Contrast Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Other StandardsID160 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ISO 8672 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) NIOSH 7400 National Institute for Occupational


text:
FILMING TABLE TOP EARTHQUAKES (Dec, 1935)
FILMING TABLE TOP EARTHQUAKES
by EARL THEISEN – Honorary Curator of Motion Pictures, Los Angeles Museum.
When the director calls for floods, train wrecks, and volcanoes, the miniature men create the scenes. Read how they produce these effects.
BEHIND the studio walls tucked off in a corner may be found the miniature department. It is hidden away where persons will not interfere with its work or find out its secrets.
To the miniature man everything is possible from the fabrication of airplane crashes, train wrecks, explosions, floods, to the bringing to life on the screen of prehistoric monsters. In this department of the studios is filmed those things that cannot be photographed or are too dangerous to be photographed in full size. The miniature men are specialists in reproducing literally on a table top practically anything that occurs in real life.
In a picture entitled, Last Days of Pompeii, the destruction of this historic city by a volcanic eruption can be seen on the screen. Because of the risk to human life and the expense involved, it was impossible to make the volcanic scenes other than by miniature. Besides, by using miniatures, a more forceful and realistic story could be made. Streams of flowing lava, smoke, flying debris, destruction of huge buildings, and other volcanic phenomena were reproduced for the screen in this picture. To do this was no simple matter; chemistry, physics, and much creative ingenuity contributed to the filming. Some scenes required as many as five trick super-imposures exposed on the same film.
One such scene depicted a boat burning in the harbor of Pompeii. In the background Mt. Vesuvius was shown erupting while the streets of Pompeii began to fill with smoke and ash. The burning boat with real-life players was photographed in full size and then later added to the miniature scene by what is known in the studios as the "projection process." This process consists of projecting the movie of the burning boat to a screen placed in the miniature setting. The screen being of glass is easily camouflaged in the setting. By moving the projector, which was out of camera lines near the screen, a proper balance between the size of the boat and the miniature city was reached.
To photograph this entire scene it was necessary to run the negative through the camera five times, each time a different portion of the picture was photographed.
First the city of Pompeii was photographed showing the streets beginning to fill with smoke and ash. The negative was then re1 wound in the camera and a second exposure was made showing Mt. Vesuvius; then another exposure introduced the smoke and fire effects which were being ejected from the mouth of the volcano; finally the burning boat was added. A fifth exposure introduced birds flying about in the scene.
The various exposures were required because different methods or "processes" had to be used for the various effects. The smoke and fire effects had to be photographed at high speed in order to get the proper floating and billowy effect. Then the clouds were superimposed over the city by "stop-motion," which is the studio name for the process of photographing action photograph by photograph rather than continuously as is done when "shooting" real life stars. In "stop-motion" the action is photographed pose by pose on motion picture film. When the progressive poses are projected in the theatre at high speed, the poses blend together to give the illusion of motion.
In the destruction of Pompeii, the use of "stop-motion" made it possible to project the picture of the clouds and falling ashes into the city while the city was being destroyed.
This was done by projecting the motion picture of the clouds, which was taken at high speed on to a "split screen." The "split screen" which was placed a few inches in front of the camera lens in this "shot" is a partially silvered mirror which reflected the image of the clouds and at the same time permitted the camera lens to see through the mirror to photograph the miniature city. In this way the two pictures were combined.
In the fabrication of the destruction of a building by earthquake in The Last Days of Pompeii, Willis O'Brien, who did the technical and miniature work on The Lost World, King Kong, as well as this picture, constructed a miniature building of about four by five feet in size on a table. In order to effect an earthquake movement, the table was set on a series of rocker arms operated by an electric motor. The building was constructed of plaster and wood joined together in sections, and was so built that any desired portion could be made to collapse when desired by pulling wires which ran through the building down to the table, and from there to the control board.
In some sea films that show boat wrecks or fires, the work is done by use of miniature. In some instances the boat never touches the water but is run on tracks in the studio sound stage. Recently Ralph Hammeras, who is in charge of miniature photography at Fox Films Corporation, constructed a twelve-foot miniature boat in order to show a fire at sea.
The boat was complete with every detail of an ocean going liner, even to the use of three thousand miniature globes that actually furnished illumination.
The water was added by the "projection process," which projected a moving picture of the desired ocean scene to a screen behind the ship. The camera angle was set so the projected picture of the ocean and the burning ship was combined to show the ship moving in water. In so doing a more forceful and effective action for the story was obtained with no risk to human life.
Things as complicated as a ballroom with dancing couples have been made in miniature. For the Big Broadcast, Harry Reynolds, who makes the miniatures for Paramount Studios, brought to life such a ballroom where sixty couples danced the waltz, and an orchestra of men made in miniature to represent the Vincent Lopez Orchestra went through all the motions of producing the music.
To make these miniatures do this was not a simple matter. Harry Reynolds constructed a number of conveyor belts on which were anchored the figures. These conveyor belts ran over drums, which had an intricate tripping mechanism which moved the figures in a certain manner when in a desired position.
The question arises, "Why go to all that trouble when the real orchestra and ballroom would be available?" At times it is thought desirable for picture purposes to photograph at an impossible angle, or photograph in a dangerous position.
Probably the most difficult of all miniature shots are the type that characterize Willis O'Brien's work; that is, in such pictures as King Kong, wherein people in small size are added to miniatures which seem of heroic proportions.
The new "stop-motion" camera is used in photographing miniatures so they may be moved by hand between each exposure while the camera shutter is closed. The process of photographing a miniature by "stop-motion" pose by pose is continued until the desired action is complete. A day's work is often only twenty-five feet of film, which is seen on the screen in about a quarter of a minute. To add real-life persons to the miniature picture, a real-life motion picture is first taken of the persons going through the desired action. Then, the miniature set is made up in which is added a projector screen of a lightly ground glass. This glass blends with the rest of the set in such a way that its presence is not noticed. Now, while the miniature fur-and-steel ape is being moved from position to position in the set around the projection screen, a moving picture of the people is projected one picture at a time.


text:
The cumulative emotional trauma spanning generations of American Indians and Alaska Natives—also known as historical or intergenerational trauma—continues to affect behavioral health and wellness among families and Tribes. But American Indian and Alaska Native communities are also resilient, drawing strength from their sense of identity and the importance of tradition and culture passed down by ancestors. Special considerations must be accounted for when working with this population. In this section, find information on engaging American Indian and Alaska Native children and families and resources on supporting and strengthening their mental health.
American Indian & Alaskan Native Mental Health
Reviews research on mental health in American Indian and Alaska Native communities and discusses disparities, protective factors, barriers to care, and ways to ensure access to mental health services.
Healing & Wellness
Capacity Building Center for Tribes, Tribal Information Exchange
Presents information on Tribal healing and wellness and provides examples of how American Indian and Alaska Native communities cultivate healing and build leadership from within. The resources also offer tips for child welfare professionals on topics such as self-care, using a trauma-informed approach, and engaging with American Indian families and communities.
Mental and Behavioral Health - American Indians/Alaska Natives
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health
Explores disproportionate rates of specific mental health symptoms within American Indian and Alaska Native populations compared with other ethnic groups within the United States.
Mental Health Disparities: Diverse Populations
American Psychiatric Association
Offers resources specific to Native Americans and Alaska Natives that present information about how cultural values and systemic injustices contribute to behavioral health disparities among indigenous people in the United States.
Missing and Murdered Native Americans (MMNA): A Public Health Framework for Action
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families (2020)
Outlines policies and programs to help Native American children, families, and communities address the consequences of the victimization of Indigenous communities, specifically missing and murdered Native Americans.
Native and Indigenous Communities and Mental Health
Mental Health America (2021)
Provides an overview of the prevalence rates of mental health disorders among American Indian and Alaska Native communities, as well as common treatment issues and access to mental health services.
Outreach & Resources for Native American, Tribal & Indigenous Communities (PDF - 107 KB)
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (2021)
Presents information and resources for Native American, Tribal, and Indigenous communities on missing children from those communities.
Resources Specific to American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) Communities
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families
Provides a list of trauma-informed resources designed to support service providers in creating culturally responsive services and treatments for American Indian and Alaska Native communities.
TIP 61: Behavioral Health Services for American Indians and Alaska Natives
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2019)
Offers population-specific information and guidance to providers on delivering culturally responsive behavioral health services.


When Can I Retire (UK)?
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Last Updated on November 30, 2020 by Emma @ Making and Saving Money
The age that you can retire depends on your expenses and the income that you have coming into your household outside of your job. Some people put themselves in a financial situation that enables them to retire in their 20s, while others never stop working.
Let's walk through the steps to calculate when you are on track to retire.
What is the state pension age in the UK?
The state pension age in the UK is currently under review because people have a longer life expectancy, and it's becoming more expensive for Government services to fund a proportion of the population's retirement income.
The state pension age for men and women who are retiring now is 66, but it's due to increase to 67 between 2026 and 2028. You can get a more accurate indication of your state pension retirement age by checking out the Government's state pension age website. You can also check your state pension forecast for an indication of how much the state pension will pay you by the time you claim it.
The current state pension is £175.20 a week, which equates to £9,110.40 a year. The exact amount you'll receive depends on the amount of national insurance contributions you have made over the years. Most people find that the state pension is insufficient to live on, so they pay into workplace pensions or private pensions to boost their retirement income.
Retired couple in the UK
How can I calculate my retirement age?
You can calculate when you will reach the state pension age on the Government state pension age website.
If you have a workplace pension or a private pension, check your documentation, or consult a financial adviser, to understand when it allows you to retire, and what impact different retirement ages could have on your pension income. Typically, the sooner you start drawing down a workplace pension, the lower your pension income will be because it has fewer years to grow. There are exceptions, for example, final salary pension schemes (also known as a defined benefit pension) pay out a set percentage of your last working salary from a specified age. Final salary pension schemes are becoming increasingly rare as life expectancy is increasing.
If you have a mixture of pension income and investments, such as index funds, you can use a retirement calculator to estimate the retirement age that best suits you. The calculations should consider your current retirement investing strategy and the lifestyle that you want to have in later life. Some of the most helpful retirement calculators include:
What is the retirement age on a workplace pension?
Your employer must offer a workplace pension to any employees who meet the following criteria:
 - Over the age of 22 but under the state pension retirement age
 - Earn £10,000 a year or more
 - Work in the UK.
The retirement age on a pension from your employer typically starts around 55 years. However, the Government is likely to make changes to this, possibly increasing it to age 57 from 2028. The rules are likely to change because we are living longer, which is putting a strain on retirement funding.
If you don't qualify for a pension with your employer, then you could set up a private pension with the support of a financial adviser.
Retired man
Why do some people not qualify for a full state pension?
Some people only qualify for a partial state pension if they did not make the full national insurance contributions while they were working. For example, if they joined a 'contracting out' scheme that enabled them to invest more into a private pension.
Other people might have missed national insurance contributions if they had some years not working a job. In some cases, men and women have the opportunity to pay the difference in national insurance and then qualify for the full state pension.
What if I want to retire early?
You could get the option to retire earlier if you invest enough money to pay for the lifestyle that you want to have in retirement, in a form that is accessible for you at the age you want to stop working. For example, many people in the FIRE (Financial Independence Retire Early) community retire as early as their 20s and 30s by maximising the amount of money they can invest, through increasing their incomes, reducing their expenses and sometimes living a more frugal lifestyle in retirement. You can read more in our article: What is the FIRE Financial Movement?
To find out more details about how much money you need to retire, you can read How Much Do I Need to Have Saved For Retirement?
When do I qualify for free bus travel?
You qualify for free bus travel in the following situations:
 - From the age of 60 if you live in Wales
 - From the age of 60 if you live in London, but only for travel within London
 - From a female's state retirement age if you live in England, even if you are a man.
You can take action to apply for a free bus pass or find out when you will qualify on the Government's bus pass website page.
What other financial support do retired citizens receive in the UK?
Retired individuals in the UK may qualify for a range of support, including:
 - Pension Credit – an income-related tax-free benefit that tops up certain people's pensions
 - Winter fuel payment – support for energy bills
 - Housing benefit for retired individuals and couples who rent
 - Council tax reduction
 - Free TV licence.
Where can I get help with a question about my pension?
Numerous organisations and individuals can give you information and advice about your financial situation, including:
If you enjoyed this article, you might also like:
How Much Do I Need to Have Saved For Retirement?
What is the FIRE Financial Movement?
'When Can I Retire' Calculator
2 thoughts on "When Can I Retire (UK)?"
 1. A very good article Emma which provides an understandable explanation to what can be a very confusing subject
 My only advice is before retirement try and maximise your contributions into AVC's
 I admit that the rules will have changed on these but they used to get good value for money
 If you have savings then you can probably invest in a property and get a far better return than you can currently obtain from savings only giving 0.3 to 0.7% interest
 However do you want the hassle of maintaining a second property and the risk of bad Tennants? Our friends used to rent a couple of properties and had constant problems and big bills which you can do without as you get older
 The only thing to remember about retirement is plan plan and plan again well in advance
 - Thanks for sharing your experiences, Frank; you've made lots of great points. Pension rules can be quite complicated and as you say, they do change over time, so it's best for people to get some qualified financial advice based on their personal circumstances.
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August 14, 2012
Impulsive Micromanagers Help Plants Adapt And Survive
Soil microbes are impulsive. So much so that they help plants face the challenges of a rapidly changing climate.
Jen Lau and Jay Lennon, Michigan State University biologists studied how plants and microbes work together to help plants survive the effects of global changes, such as increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. The results, appearing in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed that microbes in the ground not only interact with plants, but they also prompt them to respond to environmental changes."We found that these changes in the plants happen primarily because of what global changes do to the belowground microbes rather than the plant itself," said Lau, who works at MSU's Kellogg Biological Station. "Drought stress affects microbes, and they, in turn, drive plants to flower earlier and help plants grow and reproduce when faced with drought."
The team conducted a multi-generational experiment that manipulated environmental factors above and below ground while paying close attention to the interaction between the plants and microbes in the soil. Close examination of this particle partnership revealed some interesting results.
Researchers already knew that drought stress reduced plant growth and altered their life cycle. The team was surprised, though, to observe that the plants were slow to evolve and, instead, microbes did most of the work of helping plants survive in new, drier environments. This happened because the microbes were quick to adapt to the changing environment.
This newfound aspect of their relationship gives plants an additional strategy for survival, Lau said.
"When faced with environmental change, plants may not be limited to traditional ℠adapt or migrate' strategies," she said. "Instead, they may also benefit from a third approach — interacting with complementary species such as the diverse microbes found in the soil."
Lau and Lennon's research is funded in part by MSU AgBioResearch.
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While fixed income investing can offer the investor less risk than stocks and provide a steady stream of interest income, many individual depositors do not have the resources to experience the same benefits as market professionals. However, by using certificates of deposit (CDs) individual depositors can achieve benefits similar to those from a professionally managed portfolio.
For over a century, fixed income portfolio managers have successfully used a combination of three basic tactics for managing high-net-worth and institutional fixed income portfolios. Applying these same principles to a CD portfolio, can increase your income and reduce risk. However, as with any investing strategy, these tactics are not risk-free.
Know the Risks
Fixed-income investors face liquidity risk, credit risk, call risk, and interest rate risk. Before we talk strategy and tactics, let's start by understanding fixed-income risks relative to CDs.
Risk Mitigation Strategies and Tactics
With a CD portfolio, you can reduce risk and maximize income based on an individual's risk and return needs by using a fixed income investment strategy. The strategies below take time and effort for the potential benefit to unfold. However, if a depositor is willing to take initiative, plan, and execute, these strategies can be beneficial for long-term gains.
The Bullet Strategy
Purpose: If a certain amount of capital at a future point in time, the bullet strategy might be the right choice.
Overview: The bullet strategy staggers purchase dates, so the certificates mature at the same time. This technique is similar to an approach municipality uses to pre-refund a bond issue.
Pros: By staggering the purchase of bonds, a depositor can more efficiently seek out conditions offering a variety of interest rates. Since all the certificates mature at the same time, depositors may receive a more attractive inflow at maturity.
Cons: Because the depositor is staggering the purchase of the certificates, the depositor must accept the risk that interest rates will fall over the purchasing period. Keeping a close eye on interest rates and market conditions is critical for this strategy.
The Ladder Strategy
Purpose: Diversifies a depositor's CD portfolio by providing flexibility and spreading the deposits over different maturities and interest rates. The ladder strategy increases the depositor's liquidity since at least one CD is always relatively close to maturity.
Overview: The ladder strategy staggers CDs over time with varying dates of maturity. The diversification prevents a single lump sum of funds from entrapment in a single certificate over a long period. As each CD matures, funds are reinvested to maintain yield and take advantage of higher rates.
Example: If a depositor has $100,000 to deposit in CDs, they may invest $10,000 in ten CDs that mature incrementally every six months for five years. As each CD matures, the depositor rolls the maturing CD principal into the next maturity.
Pros: The ladder strategy can be implemented with any dollar increment and any maturity so long as the depositor maintains the approach. In a rising interest rate environment, the depositor is always increasing the rate of the portfolio.
Cons: If interest rates fall, funds can be used to maintain the strategy but convert to a more extended maturity ladder to maintain yield.
The Barbell Strategy
Purpose: Takes advantage of the best aspects of both short-term and long-term CDs to benefit from flexible liquidity while receiving a steady flow of income.
Overview: The barbell strategy combines the use of shortand long-term CDs to create opportunities for rising rates in conjunction with higher yields.
Example: If a depositor has $100,000 to deposit in CDs, they might deposit $50,000 in a six-month CD coupled with a $50,000 five-year CD. This example is known as a "balanced barbell." An "unbalanced barbell" might include a $75,000 six-month CD coupled with a $25,000 five-year CD.
Pros: In a falling rate environment, the long-term CD offers above-market interest income over a long period.
Cons: By not having all your funds in long-term CD, the depositor limits the downside effects if interest rates were to rise during the holding period.
The Bottom Line
Regardless of which strategy a depositor chooses, each CD investment approach has benefits and drawbacks depending on their preferences and market interest rate volatility.
The features, advantages, and benefits of investment in CDs using fixed income strategies can offer the depositor increased income, decreased cost, reduced risk, straightforward execution, and increased "peace of mind" versus other market instruments.
It is important to note, the benefits of these strategies are typically not seen in the short term; patience and commitment are essential. For those willing to put in the time and effort, taking an extra step in protecting your portfolio from interest rate risk could help the dedicated and determined depositor build a better future.
By: Greg Larson, President & CEO, Drake Bank


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Parse Server and React Native
React Native and Parse Server are two of the most popular frameworks used by app developers. Both the frameworks boast a powerful and strong community, along with exceptional features. Below, you'll find details of the features and advantages of each of the frameworks.
What is Parse Server?
Initially developed by Facebook, Parse Server is an open-source BaaS (backend as a service) framework. The platform has a robust and active community of passionate developers who constantly strive and innovate to enhance the already modular and impressive platform.
Parse Server Features
- GraphQL / REST APIs– Parse Server enables you to develop dynamic end-to-end REST APIs with very little or no coding.
- Push notifications – Push notifications are an automatic communication that is sent by an application to a user when the app is not open. Pushes are an amazing marketing vehicle and can assist you in keeping in touch with your app users. Parse allows sending pushes to both iOS and Android devices.
- Email notifications – Parse Server offers automation to email verification. Users' email addresses can be verified and their passwords can be reset.
- Live queries – Sending real-time notifications or live queries is a common feature of Parse. Live queries enable several users to update the same record at once.
- Social login – Third-party authentication or social login simplifies the authentication process with Twitter, Facebook, Linked In, etc.
- File system – Parse adapters allow you to store data and host files with various providers. The list includes Google Cloud, AWS, and Back4app.
- Data modeling – This is Parse's most-used feature. It enables developers to organize data straightforwardly and simply. The dashboard looks similar to a spreadsheet, and it allows you to create classes, and the properties can be arranged in a row or column structure. You can also import, export, or filter data in a breeze.
- Geo queries – Parse enables you to associate real-world longitude and latitude coordinates with an object. This means you can easily find out what user is closest to another.
- Multiple SDKs – Parse Server has multiple SDKs, and therefore, you don't have to worry about the platform that you are building for. Whether you are creating for the web and the desktop, the SDKs will help you move faster than you imagined. Ideal for standalone products or experiences that complement mobile apps.
Parse Server Benefits
The advantages of Parse Server are primarily related to productivity gains during the application development stage. The development of repetitive tasks like developing and exposing APIs, data modeling, sending push and real-time notifications, integrating the backend to mobile SDKs, logs, and so on, are automated by Parse. The platform allows developers to avoid investing their time in boilerplate coding code and focus on high-value tasks.
The main benefits of Parse Server are –
- Accelerates the app development process
- Allows the developers to emphasize high-value coding activities
- The overall cost of a software project is reduced
What is React Native?
React Native Features
- Code written in React Native works on almost every mobile platform, including Windows, Android, and iOS
- Focused on UI design, and therefore, greatly responsive and the rendering abilities are one of the best
- A strong and helpful community in the cross-platform app development world
- Quick and short development time
- Huge support for third-party libraries
- Uses NPM or Node Package Manager for installation, which is user-friendly and not difficult to learn
- Ensures high performance for GPU-oriented apps
- Live reload feature which provides two screens so that developers can modify code in one and see the modification in the other screen
React Native Benefits
- Work is parallelized – Facebook developed a framework known as the Async display kit. This framework enables developers to get rendering off the main thread, and this allows super smooth animations. The same can be accomplished by utilizing Web workers, but there might be some limitations. While Web workers have a complex image decoding process, layouts are difficult, and text measurement isn't allowed, React Native simplifies these.
- Declarative coding style – This style of coding is one of the main reasons why React Native is so popular. Developers can write codes that are flexible, readable, and not manipulative. The codes help to create amazing UIs that can be understood easily by simply looking at the code.
- High-end gesture handling – React Native provides access to native gestures, which allows developers to build a gesture system that is sophisticated and advanced.
- Access to native capabilities – React Native provides access to platform-specific components and capabilities, including native widgets. Without Native, the widgets are not going to work well, and they'll be laggy.
- Cross-platform – React Native is not limited to a single platform. The framework can be used to design, code, and release applications for multiple platforms, including Android and iOS. This helps to significantly reduce the hours needed to set up resources and code for individual platforms.
- Iterations are faster – React Native allows Live Reloading and Hot Reloading options where you get to decide how you will reload your application to view the modifications. The feedback loop also decreases, allowing developers to issue over-the-air code updates with instant rendering.
- Simplified readability – The coding process and paradigms are simplified due to the declarative style of coding. This results in a code that is easier to read by the developer and the system. The developer can understand what the code will do by simply looking at it instead of rendering it to find out.
Parse Server and React Native can be used by developers to launch a feature-rich app for Android, iOS, Windows, Unity, and more. They work great together to build best-in-class applications.
What is Parse Server?
Open-source backend framework used to accelerate mobile app development.
What is React Native?
Open-source frontend framework used to accelerate mobile app development.


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Pronunciation: nū′mō-kō′nē-ō′sis, nū′mō-kō′nē-ō′sis, -sēz
Definition: Inflammation commonly leading to fibrosis of the lungs caused by the inhalation of dust incident to various occupations; characterized by pain in the chest, cough with little or no expectoration, dyspnea, reduced thoracic excursion, sometimes cyanosis, and fatigue after slight exertion; often leads to chronic restrictive lung disease as measured by pulmonary testing; degree of disability depends on the types of particles inhaled, as well as the level of exposure to them.
[G. pneumōn, lung, + konis, dust, + -osis, condition]
Search Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Examples: glitazone, GI cocktail, etc.


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Benefits of Ductility in TMT Iron Rods
Thermo-Mechanically-Treated (TMT) iron rods are known for their high yield strength and ductility which make them highly preferable and the most common building materials suitable for all kinds of construction. Ductility is as important as strength in TMT iron rods because of its impact in holding structures firm during earthquakes.
What Makes TMT Iron Rod Ductile
The ductility of TMT iron rods means that it can bend up to its maximum tensile strength without being brittle or losing its strength. It is the ability of the iron rod to easily deform and adapt as it is put under stress with tensile load within a construction unit. It is also known as the ability of the iron rod to be elongated. The ductility of TMT iron rod is therefore made possible through its elongation.
Ductility is formed in TMT iron rod as a result of the annealing process, in which the soft inner core cools under atmospheric temperature. This results in the formation of a ferrite-pearlite core that provides the ductility.
Importance of Ductility in TMT Iron Rods
- Aesthetic design
- Ability to withstand earthquake/shock wave
Ductility improves the overall safety of the structure after exceeding the permissible load values. Construction projects are designed with the expected load in mind. In the process of construction, the structure, a bridge for example, can carry extra load if the concrete is reinforced with TMT iron rod because of its ductility.
Ductility gives TMT iron rod easy and higher bendability. This ensures that it can be bent and shaped as one desires without breaking or cracking and can be used for various construction purposes. The bendability also ensures protection from natural disasters such as earthquake.
The ductility of TMT iron rod results in greater pliability which allows for aesthetic designing of a structure. As a result of its easy bendability, which enables it to be shaped according to one's need and structural specifications, TMT iron rod makes aesthetic design possible and easy while still ensuring the safety of the structure.
Any TMT iron rod with perfect ductility gives high level of flexibility to buildings and structures. This helps the building to maintain its structure during earthquake and other natural disasters.
Ductility gives TMT iron rod ability to stop any sudden failure caused by extra load. It also makes the iron rod take in tension force and withstand stronger shock waves. This gives the structure a longer lifespan and enables it to serve its purpose for many years. It also guides against the need for constant renovation and repairs caused by damage and collapse.
[READ FURTHER: Ten Facts you Didn't Know About TMT Iron Rods]
Make the Right Choice
Build with TIGER TMT iron rod, the best and most preferred TMT brand. TIGER TMT iron rod goes through the most advanced and fully-automated quenching process that makes the inner part softer and the outer part harder. This gives it perfect ductility without losing its toughness.
TIGER TMT also has great bending properties and is easily shaped without cracking or breaking. This quality makes TIGER TMT resistant to earthquake and other natural disasters.
By resisting earthquake, TIGER TMT gives buildings and structure durability, longevity and ensures that they are long-lasting.
To learn more about the qualities of TIGER TMT, click here.


"Talking Points" for Budget Reduction Planning in Divisions
"Talking Points" for Budget Reduction Planning in Divisions
Requested by the Administrative Council, Prepared by Sue Searing
May 18, 2015
 1. In order to prepare for certain but as yet unspecified reductions, Dean Wilkin has asked units to model 1%, 3% and 5% reductions to their operating budgets for FY16.
 2. We anticipate that the materials allocation will be flat.
 3. The AULs are holding discussions with the unit heads in their areas of responsibility. The Dean is working with the unit heads that report to him.
 4. The AULs and the Dean are working from spreadsheets that represent a snapshot of currently filled positions (permanent and visiting faculty, academic professionals, and classified staff), faculty and AP positions for which searches are underway, and FY15 student hourly allocations.
 5. Most other expenditures (GAs, supplies, services, equipment, currently vacant classified positions, etc.) are centrally managed and are not part of the AUL-led exercise. These central budgets will, however, be subject to the same or larger cuts.
 6. The Library's deadline for developing the 1%, 3% and 5% models is the end of May.
 7. Although the immediate task is to prepare for potential reductions in FY16, additional reductions are anticipated in future years, so longer-term thinking is encouraged.
 1. Consider opportunities for cross-unit work sharing that could reduce the total number of staff needed.
 2. Consider known retirements or resignations in the coming years that will create opportunities for restructuring our work.
 3. Tackle the tough question: what will you stop doing?
…I would like to share with you a number of principles and guidelines that we will use in our process:
 - Prioritize activities of strategic importance to the campus mission.
 - Avoid layoffs as far as possible while addressing strategic goals.
 - Everything is important, but not everything is of equal importance.
Moreover, units should be guided by these strategies:
 - Partner with areas of the Library that provide similar services to identify areas where we can take reductions while still maintaining effective services or accomplishing critical processing support.
 - Consider reducing or eliminating an activity if it is duplicated elsewhere and is not core to the unit's services or the Library's mission.
 - Be forward-thinking: We will consider proposals for the way combining service or processing activities might achieve savings, even if it requires a one-time investment.
 - Support your recommendations with evidence: if you are recommending the elimination or protection of an activity, explain, for example, the priority you believe it has to the user community, how often it is used, how much effort it takes to provide it, whether it can be gotten elsewhere.


Solaris 9 Installation Guide
Validating the custom_probes File
Before you can use a profile, rules, and custom_probes file, you must run the check script to validate that the files are set up correctly. If all profiles, rules, and probe and comparison functions are correctly set up, the rules.ok and custom_probes.ok files are created. Table 25–1 describes what the check script does.
Table 25–1 What Happens When You Use the check Script
check searches for a custom_probes file.
If the file exists, check creates the custom_probes.ok file from the custom_probes file, removes all comments and blank lines, and retains all Bourne shell commands, variables, and algorithms. Then, check adds the following comment line at the end:
# version=2 checksum=num
To Validate the custom_probes File
 1. Verify that the check script is located in the JumpStart directory.
 Note –
 The check script is in the Solaris_9/Misc/jumpstart_sample directory on the Solaris 9 DVD or on the Solaris 9 Software 1 of 2 CD.
 2. Change to the JumpStart directory.
 3. Run the check script to validate the rules and custom_probes files.
 $./check [[-p path -r file_name]]
 -p path
 Validates the custom_probes file by using the check script from the Solaris 9 software image for your platform instead of the check script from the system you are using. path is the image on a local disk or a mounted Solaris 9 DVD or Solaris 9 Software 1 of 2 CD.
 Use this option to run the most recent version of check if your system is running a previous version of Solaris.
 -r file_name
 Specifies a file name other than the one that is named custom_probes. By using the -r option, you can test the validity of a set of functions before integrating the functions into the custom_probes file.
 As the check script runs, the script reports the validity of the rules and custom_probes files and each profile. If no errors are encountered, the script reports: "The custom JumpStart configuration is ok" and creates the rules.ok and custom_probes.ok files in the JumpStart directory.
 4. Determine if the custom_probes.ok file is executable.
 - If yes, go to Step 5.
 - If no, type the following command:
 chmod +x custom_probes
 5. Ensure that root owns the custom_probes.ok file and that the permissions are set to 755.


Readers ask: Why Do We Lick Our Wounds?
Is it a good idea to lick your wounds?
Risks. Wound licking is beneficial but too much licking can be harmful. An Elizabethan collar may be used on pet animals to prevent them from biting an injury or excessively licking it, which can cause a lick granuloma. These lesions are often infected by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus intermedius.
What does licking your wounds mean?
to spend time getting back your strength or happiness after a defeat or bad experience: Farmers were licking their wounds after crop prices dropped by 50%. ( Definition of lick your wounds from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Does saliva help stop bleeding?
In addition, saliva contains several proteins which play a role in the different stages of wound healing. Saliva contains substantial amounts of tissue factor, which dramatically accelerates blood clotting.
Does saliva make wounds heal faster?
It is well known that oral wounds heal faster and with less scarring than skin wounds despite existing in an environment filled with all kinds of bacteria. We know animals treat their wounds by licking them with reasonably good results.
Why do dogs lick Human cuts?
It is an instinct. When your dog licks a wound, there are healing capacities in their saliva and it can also help cleanse the area. They are natural healers when it comes to grooming and cleaning. Your dog considers you as a part of their pack, because their pack is their family.
Does human saliva kill bacteria?
Saliva keeps the ecosystem of the mouth in balance. It contains its own bacterial enzymes that are beneficial to our health. An example of these are lysozomes. These antibacterial agents in saliva kill bacteria in our mouths and protect from potentially dangerous diseases.
You might be interested: What is wisdom tooth surgery like
Why do dogs lick you?
Does dog saliva heal human wounds?
To Lick Or Not To Lick Wounds Will saliva heal wounds? As unlikely as it sounds, scientific evidence suggests that dog saliva, and even human saliva, has some antibacterial and antimicrobial properties.
Does saliva have a lot of bacteria?
(CNN) — Your saliva is doing all kinds of useful things for you all the time — for instance, helping you chew and taste food. It's also home to more than 600 species of bacteria, which are harmlessly enjoying the moisture of your mouth.
Does kissing a wound make it better?
Inflammatory cells like, neutrophils and leukocytes which are crucial in infection and wound healing. Saliva also contains growth factors which promote the proliferation of epithelial cells. Saliva also contains histatin which encourages wound closure by boosting cell spread and migration.
Can saliva heal skin?
Despite continuous exposure to environmental pathogens, injured mucosa within the oral cavity heals faster and almost scar free compared with skin. Saliva is thought to be one of the main contributing factors. Saliva may possibly also stimulate skin wound healing.
Can saliva break down skin?
You might be interested: Readers ask: Why Was Iwdominate Banned?
Are dogs mouths cleaner than humans?
Is My Dog's Mouth Cleaner Than a Human Mouth? The general answer to this question is no, a dog's mouth is not technically clean, and is not actually any cleaner than a human mouth.
Is morning saliva good for skin?
Morning saliva to the rescue It is rich in healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties and can help treat stye, pimples, acne, etc. According to anecdotes, the remedy has been used for over 2000 years in the country. Many medical professionals and scientists believe in the healing power of saliva.
Are dogs tongues antiseptic?
Dogs lick themselves to clean their fur because their tongue offers some antibacterial properties, though it's a myth that dogs have antiseptic tongues. Dog's mouths also contain harmful bacteria which live alongside the good bacteria.
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Communications satellites orbit directly over the poles, how does this help it to do it's job? And for a weather satellite directly orbiting over the equator?
Not all communications satellites orbit over the poles. Some are in geostationary orbits like the GOES weather satellites. Satellites that need to "see" all parts of Earth (but not all at once) travel in relatively low-altitude, near-polar orbits, with Earth turning beneath them. That way, during one complete Earth rotation, nearly every part of Earth passes beneath them. Want to learn more about orbits? _URL_


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Synthetic Promoter Background
Introducing synthetic genes into organisms offers enormous practical opportunities. Systems of metabolic genes can be arranged to produce useful biomass such as fuels, medicines, and plastics. Crop plants are attractive targets as such Genetically Modified Organisms because of the enormous agricultural infrastructure we have constructed for producing food–and crop plants only require water, land, sunlight, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and some source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in order to to create useful metabolic products.
However, there are social and technical difficulties for such transgenic crops. First, there is concern that 'cash crop' GMOs might be grown in the place of foodstuffs in areas where humans are undernourished, creating a conflict of interest for farmers who must decide each season which crop to plant. Second, the expression of many foreign genes within a plant leads to what is called 'growth inhibition': when the genes or their metabolic products interfere with the growth of the plant. Genes which cause even a slight reduction in plant growth can significantly reduce product yields.
Both of these difficulties might be overcome by precise control of gene expression. 'Double crops' could be engineered to express useful metabolites in a separate tissue than the food (such as the plant stalk), and/or to express them only after the food tissue has been harvested. How to maximize yield while avoiding growth inhibition is a general problem for expressing engineered metabolic pathways. To enable useful expression of such genes in plants, we want to control when, where, and how much of each gene is expressed. By using an appropriate genetic control system to allow expression only of pathway genes in only at a specific time and/or plant tissue, we can limit the overall toxicity.
The region up to 500 base-pairs from the start of transcription is known to contain most of the position specific transcriptional regulation in plants, due to transcription factor protein binding. Enhancers, non position specific factors often occurring even further from the promoter, are generally still effective when synthetically introduced into this region. Though many natural tissue specific promoters are known, the contribution of each transcription factor and enhancer to tissue/temporal specificity is an open research topic. A set of compact synthetic promoters with defined interactions would make a useful toolkit–both for probing spatial/temporal gene regulation, and for engineering plant metabolism. Additional background and reference information about eukaryotic promoters and synthetic promoter design may be found in the Promoter Design Manuals.
The vector DNA contains a region for the 500 bp designed promoter controlling the expression of the firefly luciferase gene (YY Yamamoto, In preparation)
The synthetic promoter will be constructed in a Firefly luciferase transcriptional reporter. This advanced measurement system has been optimized for translation efficiency in Arabidopsis and produces a highly specific mRNA, so the challenge designs will only deal with the regulation of transcription. The vector supplies the minimal promoter of the 35S Cauliflower Mosaic Virus, including the required TATA box sequence, while the sequences upstream of -46 position (such as the CAAT box) will be designed by the contestants. This minimal promoter, while not sufficient for gene expression by itself, has been shown to be effective for creating chimeric regulatory promoters when connected to upstream regions from natural promoters. For the design challenge, we have included the minimal promoter in the vector to (1) encourage effective use of the 500 base-pair budget for designing the regulatory regions and (2) ensure that the transcriptional start site and resulting mRNA sequence is the same for every contestant.
The designed promoter DNA controlling luciferase expression will be transformed into the higher plant Arabidopsis thalania for characterization by the RIKEN Plant Science Center. The DNA system is delivered to plant genomes by a binary vector system in Agrobacterium, including a selection marker for the transformation and a method for quantifying the copy number. For each transformation, a plate of seedlings will be evaluated to select those most promising. Individual transgenics for each design will then be grown under laboratory controlled conditions, with advanced time-lapse imaging of both plant growth and luciferase expression.
Gene expression assay
Tissue specific expression of Luciferase by different promoters in Arabidopsis (Yamamoto, Plant J 35: 273, 2003).
The experimental evaluation will employ a Firefly Luciferase transcriptional reporter system yy449. Plants will be imaged for over 48 hours. The default growth condition will be to grow for 14 days at 20 C (tissue specific) or 7 days at 20C (time specific), with standard light and dark cycles of 12 hours. Plants will be grown on standard agar medium. Measuring luciferase expression in growing plants will allow the simultaneous evaluation of several designs by the same experimental method.
Advanced image analysis techniques will be conducted by RIKEN BASE. Whole plant image processing will automatically recognize different plant tissues, and associate each tissue with a luciferase expression level. Images of growing plants will be processed to recognized different plant tissues, such as the green leaf, shoot meristem, and old leaves. By recording the corresponding expression value from the luciferase image, each part of the plant can be given a gene expression value over the lifetime of the plant. These values can be used to directly calculate the temporal and tissue specificity of the synthetic promoters. These experimental results will be used by GenoCon to evaluate the transgenic plants for tissue specificity, temporal regulation, and activity.
Tutorial for how to use the PromoterCAD software for synthetic plant promoter design, and an example of promoter design process. Start here if you want to follow an example of synthetic plant promoter design!
Manual for submitting a promoter design to the GenoCon2 Plant Promoter Design Challenge. Use this manual if you are ready to design and submit a synthetic plant promoter!
Overview of Eukaryotic promoter structure, the assembly of the basal transcriptional apparatus, and the basic mechanism of action of regulatory transcription factors. Use this primer if you want to learn the basics of eukaryotic promoter structure. Eukaryotic Promoters–Basic Science (html version)
Tutorial for the process to find a promoter's DNA sequence, annotate it with functional sequence elements, and upload the annotated sequence to LinkData.org so it can be accessed by the LinkDataApp. Includes automatic promoter annotation using the UGENE Workflow designer.
Tutorial for the process to find a promoter's DNA sequence, annotate it with functional sequence elements, and upload the annotated sequence to LinkData.org so it can be accessed by the LinkDataApp.
Manual for PromoterCAD Programming (PDF) Overview of the GenoCon PromoterCAD Application: the linked Data structures, the basic program modules, how to create new modules and how to register them into the application.


Develop Communications
 1. Home
 2. GSI Knowledge Base
 3. Implementing the GSI System Within Your Organisation
 4. Develop Communications
It is important that appropriate communications are developed to ensure all stakeholders (individuals and groups) understand their role and potential value to them of engaging with the GSI system and/or outcomes. Consider your responses to the following questions:
 - How do we frame change to connect individuals/groups emotionally and evoke positive experiences?
 - What rational information will have the most impact on individuals/groups?
 - What individual/group awareness and knowledge is important to build?
 - What unspoken norms would we want to be in place?
 - What would we like the grapevine to be saying?


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from Dive into HTML5: Cache Manifest: Fallback section
/ /offline.html
i dont understand from the URL given what this block of code exactly does. does the fallback section mean when anything is not found, show the offline.html page
then network: * all resources will be cached? it says also
It uses common CSS, JavaScript, and images on each page. Each of these resources would need to be listed explicitly in the CACHE
this seems to conflict to network: * where it seems to say cache everything?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 12 down vote accepted
There are three types of headings in a cache manifest, CACHE, NETWORK and FALLBACK. Anything that is not under a heading is implicitly set under CACHE. An explanation of each section:
CACHE: Files under this heading will be cached.
NETWORK: Files under this heading require an internet connection and so will be NOT be cached.
FALLBACK: Files matched by patterns under this heading (Such as the pattern "/", which matches all files) and have not been cached, will have a fallback file shown instead.
With regards to the block of code from Dive into HTML 5, there is an explanation of the "NETWORK: *" part just under it:
It means that, while you're browsing this hypothetical offline-enabled Wikipedia online, your browser will fetch images and videos and other embedded resources normally, even if they are on a different domain. (This is common in large websites, even if they aren't part of an offline web application. HTML pages are generated and served locally, while images and videos are served from a CDN on another domain.) Without this wildcard flag, our hypothetical offline-enabled Wikipedia would behave strangely when you were online — specifically, it wouldn't load any externally-hosted images or videos!
The following quote:
means that you must include all necessary CSS, Javascript and image files in the manifest under the CACHE heading. It does not conflict with 'NETWORK: *' because the NETWORK heading does NOT mean 'cache everything'. It actually means the opposite: that everything under the NETWORK heading requires an internet connection and should not be cached.
share|improve this answer
I have found out more useful stuff about FALLBACK:
After a bit of experimenting, I tried various things including whether files in FALLBACK: should appear in the CACHE or NETWORK sections at all. The answer seems to be no.
As an example... FALLBACK: sign-up-portrait.png offline-portrait-1.png sign-up-landscape.png offline-landscape-1.png
I specified this in one of my micro sites recently. The intention is to show the sign-uppng files when online and the offlinepng files when offline. This works well. In particular the files on the left side of each line are implicitly as if they were in the NETWORK section, the site will always try to get them online. They must not be added to the NETWORK section as well, otherwise it seems to override what's in FALLBACK. Plus, happily, the files on the right are implicitly as if added in the CACHE: section so even if they are not used at first, they are cached on first load without having to explicitly add them to CACHE: although you can add them there too if you want. It makes no difference.
For this configuration, looking at the webserver logs, I see that each time the page is refreshed, apache logs a 304 against the manifest file and against the sign-uppng file that's required for that version of the page (there's a CSS media selector determining which, based on page size). So it's correctly always checking for the sign-uppng files as well as the usual manifest checking, which is exactly what I want.
For the sake of being thorough, I tried to see if the root file needs to be in the CACHE: section too. It turns out it doesn't! If your top level file is index.html and it has the manifest file specified in its html tag then the manifest file need not contain index.html anywhere, it's implicitly cached.
I am curious how far the app cache can extend. Can you include other html files that are linked to or in iframes? Or do those all need to have their own manifest files that are separate? Anyone care to comment?
A side comment about format, don't make the mistake I did, which is to put in... NETWORK file1.js
Missing the colon causes it to totally break, thinking that NETWORK is a resource in its own right.
It must be... NETWORK: file1.js
share|improve this answer
Thanks for experimenting and coming back to leave the feedback!! I was just about to get started doing the same thing because I didn't understand how the stuff in the Fallback would be cached and if it wasn't explicitly specified somewhere – Kirn Feb 18 '13 at 4:44
Your Answer


text:
Tracing Math's Evolution
Print this page, and use it to help you complete the lesson.
Your group will choose one of the mathematicians you researched and develop a presentation about him/her. You will share your presentation with the rest of the class.
Decide on jobs for each member of your group. All of you should be involved in both preparation and presentation.
In your presentation, try to answer following questions:
- Where was this mathematician born?
- What was his/her date of birth?
- Where was he/she educated?
- What was his/her contribution to mathematics?
- Why is this an important contribution?
- Do you know why he/she chose his/her career?
- Do you know if he/she made his/her living from mathematics?
- Was he/she famous during his/her lifetime?
- Where and when did he/she die?
- What impresses you most about this mathematician?
Did your mathematician invent anything that is used today?
Was his/her work used in other inventions?
If you can find any objects or pictures of objects that are related to your mathematician's work or life, use them as part of your presentation.


text: The exploration of Mesopotamian mathematics took its beginning together with thedecipherment of the cuneiform script around 1850. Until the 1920s, "mathematics in use" (number systems, metrology, tables and some practical calculations of areas) was the object of study – only very few texts dealing with more advanced matters were approached before 1929, and with quite limited results. That this situation changed was due to Otto Neugebauer – but even his first steps in 1927–28 were in the prevailing style of the epoch, so to speak "pre-Neugebauer". They can be seen, however, to have pushed him toward the three initiatives which opened the "Neugebauer era" in 1929: The launching of Quellen und Studien, the organization of a seminar for the study of Babylonian mathematics, and the start of the work on the Mathematische Keilschrift-Texte. After a couple of years François Thureau-Dangin (since the late 1890s the leading figure in the exploration of basic mathematics) joined in. At first Thureau-Dangin supposed Neugebauer to take care of mathematical substance, and he himself to cover the philology of the matter. Very soon, however, both were engaged in substance as well as philology, working in competitive parallel until both stopped this work in 1937–38. Neugebauer then turned to astronomy, while Thureau-Dangin, apart from continuing with other Assyriological matters, undertook to draw the consequences of what was now known about Babylonian mathematics for the history of mathematics in general.


text:
This week's podcast is designed to create a deeper understanding of the devastating hurricanes and floods that are tearing through our country. Many people project their own judgements onto these natural disasters and use them as a way to condemn others, which is why I felt compelled to provide clarity on the role of the divine on our lives and the truth about the current destabilization in our society.
It is undeniable that we are living in an increasingly separatist world, with escalating tensions between the high and low vibration people across our country and beyond. As this conflict goes, people on both sides use various conflicts, including natural disasters such as the catastrophic recent hurricanes Harvey and Irma, as a sign of divine retribution for what they perceive of as "sin" under their paradigm. I begin this episode by clearly express why that is completely erroneous and actually a very large sign under the higher spiritual laws of Exponential Intelligence.
I continue by illuminating the true nature of divine and the spiritual blessings that lie beneath the hardship created by these weather occurrences, as well as the truth of why they occur in the first place. I explain the nature of the purity wave currently washing over the world as well as why the growing separatism we are as a society is nothing more than an indicator of our collective detox and removal of toxic structures that no longer serve us as a species.
We end with a powerful Medihealing designed to support those impacted by natural disasters around the world to see the beauty in their experience and the profound opportunities for expansion that exist within them. You will learn the power of staying in a place of purity and neutrality, and how to create fertile vibrational ground for the true miracles of Pure Source to begin to blossom in your life.
You can Subscribe to the podcast on iTunes, Google Play, SoundCloud, or Stitcher
"The current wave of purity washing over the Universe is helping us ascend to a higher level."
- Why did God create the great Biblical flood
- What do different religions say about Hurricane Harvey
- Why do natural disasters happen
- How can disasters help you to ascend to a higher level
- Why do disasters affect everybody and not just those God has wrath against
"God doesn't judge or blame us for the things we do - that goes against free will, the first spiritual law."
- How does darkness in our world get eliminated
- What is EI's perspective on natural disasters
- Why are we being punished if there is free will
- What is a purity wave
- How do purity waves cleanse our spiritual essence
"Miracles happen when we allow ourselves to enter that space of emptiness; this is where our prayers really work."
- EI Episode 89: Ascendance - Beyond Expectation
- EI Episode 82: Ascendance - What to Expect
- EI Episode 77: Medihealing on the Power of Water
- EI Episode 15: Medihealing Basics
- EI Episode 8: Family Dynamics
- EI Episode 1: What is EI?
- 21 Day Medihealing
- Industrial Strength Group Healing
- A Divine Atrocity - An Expose of Spiritual Misconducts
- Group Healing: True Understanding of Religion
Review our collection of Exponential Intelligence podcast quotes by clicking here: Facebook EI Quote Album.


text: Acoustic reflectance measurement techniques have been investigated that are calibrated using pressure responses measured in one or more cylindrical tubes and viscothermal models of wall loss. Of clinical interest as a test of hearing is a single-microphone technique to measure the inherently nonlinear ear-canal reflectance at various stimulus levels. Calibration of the probe containing the sound source/receiver consists of measuring the source reflectance of the probe and the incident pressure response at each stimulus level. A single-tube technique relies on separability of the tube response into incident and reflected signals, while multi-tube techniques rely on solving an overdetermined matrix equation of responses. The matrix includes weighting factors that differ across tubes by reflectance or SPL to control for inadequate signal-to-noise ratios at isolated frequencies, and a regularized matrix inverse solution is compared to the pseudoinverse solution. The single-tube technique functions as well as the best performing multi-tube technique, and requires fewer calibration steps. However, there is an ambiguity between the tube length chosen in the tube response model and the measured phase of the source reflectance. This ambiguity is addressed by a priori knowledge of the phase response of the probe averaged across frequency.


[20.92 MiB] Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition books by Tina O'Hailey
Rig it Right! breaks down rigging so that you can achieve a fundamental understanding of the concept. The author will get you up and rigging with step-by-step tutorials covering multiple animation control types, connection methods, interactive skinning, BlendShapes, edgeloops, and joint placement, to name a few. The concept of a bi-ped is explored as a human compared to a bird character allowing you to see that a bi-ped is a bi-ped and how to problem solve for the limbs at hand. Rig it Right! will take you to a more advanced level where you will learn how to create stretchy rigs with invisible control systems and use that to create your own types of rigs.
Key Features Hone your skills every step of the way with short tutorials and editable rigs that accompany each chapter. (17+ rigs!!). Read "Tina's 10 Rules of Rigging" and build the foundational knowledge needed to successfully rig your characters. Visit the companion website and expand your newfound knowledge with editable rigs, exercises, and videos that elaborate on techniques covered in the book. Companion data filled with example files at AR(Augmented Reality) enabled images throughout the book! Coffee is not required – but encouraged.
Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition
Title:Rig it Right! Maya Animation Rigging Concepts, 2nd edition
Format Type:eBook PDF / e-Pub
Date release:
Size:20.92 MiB
Category:Media Arts, Books, Arts & Entertainment


text:
Background: Hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines are known to have antibacterial, antifungal, and
antitumor properties. Great efforts have been made to develop new synthetic methods that lead to the synthesis of
valuable libraries. Extensive methodologies, low yields, excessive amounts of catalyst and expensive reactants
are some of the limitations of current methodologies.
Aims and Objective: Developing a useful and efficient method to construct diversely substituted hexahydro-2Hpyrano[
3,2-c]quinolines into good to excellent yields through a cationic imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation
Method: The cationic imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation methodology was used for the preparation of substituted
hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines. It involves the use of Sc(OTf)3 for activation of cationic iminoDiels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of N-benzylanilines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and paraformaldehyde in MeCN;
and microwave irradiation to shorten reaction time to afford new 6-benzyl-hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-
c]quinolines whose catalytic transfer debenzylation reactions with HCO2NH4 in the presence of Pd/C (10%) and
methanol give the new 5-unsubstituted pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines in excellent yields.
Results: We found that optimal conditions for the preparation of hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines were
Sc(OTf)3 0.5 % and acetonitrile at 160°C for 15 min; and using paraformaldehyde obtained the 6-benzylhexahydro-
2H-pyrano [3,2-c]quinolines with excellent yields, while the N-debenzylation process using ammonium
formate in the presence of Pd/C and methanol resulted in the synthesis of hexahydro-2H-pyrano [3,2-c] quinolines
with quantitative yields (95-98%).
Conclusion: We describe an efficient method to synthesize hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines via the cationic
imino-Diels-Alder/N-debenzylation methodology using Sc(OTf)3 0.5 % as Lewis Acid catalyst. Excellent
yields of the products, use of MW irradiation, short times of reactions, and an efficient and highly diversified
method are some of the main advantages of this new protocol.