text:
Wow! 46 kinds of robots and accessories, I will make my own three-dimensional toys!
Children, move small hands to make a fold, sticky and sticky, easy to make cute tricky robots, adventure robots, steel captains and missile robots, together to make each stereo robot!
When doing work, you can teach the children to find the relative number of pages according to the number of reminder pages, and follow the shape and logic to judge the shape of the fold line to fold out the shape, and glue the glue to finish the work (when the children are doing, It is recommended to use lipstick glue!).
■ Product Features
Move a small hand to fold, stick and stick, I will make a stereo robot myself!
46 kind of interesting and fun three-dimensional work, can also be arranged room Oh!
1. adorable and fun 46 kinds of three-dimensional work, attract the attention of children unique, three-dimensional pattern cute robot labor, a total of 46 kinds of three-dimensional robot toys, to attract the attention of children, without scissors The manual work that can be done can also be arranged after the completion of the room!
2. simple and easy to learn steps, let the children make their own hand-eye-brain coordination training clearly marked crease line and die cutter, easy to understand the decomposition step illustration, let the children in accordance with the illustration Fold a fold, stick and stick, train your child's hands, eyes, brain coordination, and improve the development of your child's small muscles.
3. colorful and rich, visual stimulation and training of child beauty colors bright and vivid, sensory stimulation of the child's visual acuity and color, and to develop a child's basic sense of beauty.
■ Product Specifications
[Windmill] Robot - one day of work game
Publisher: Windmill Books Publishing Co. Author: Windmill editors appropriate reading age: 3 years old bar code: 4714426402084 size: 27 * 28cm Pages: 36 Page, color, paperback Publication time: August 2015


Guide to Birthright Covenant Trilogy, Part 3: Characters
admin October 31, 2018
Characters: Heroes and Villains
Meet the Characters in Escape to Faith and Freedom
Allegory has symbolic figures and actions. Below you can meet the heroes and villains. Many of them have names which are symbolic in the story. The theme is based on the Bible story from Genesis about twin brothers, Jacob and Esau. In the book, the twins are named Benjamin and Ruben. As the story unfolds, two contrasting cultures spring from the choices each brother makes.
Benjamin and Ruben Benamoz, main characters, are unidentical twin brothers. They each make different choices which lead to contrasting lifestyles. Their names are from the twelve tribes of Israel.
Joseph ben Amoz, Benjamin and Ruben's father. Joseph's name is also from the twelve tribes. Amoz is the same name as the father of the prophet Isaiah.
Lorenzo Nobles. Governor Nobles loves to throw lavish cultural events; he collects art, music, and historical relics. His namesake, Lorenzo de Medicci, was a patron of the arts during the Renaissance. Nobles, of course, signifies nobility, not in the aristocratic sense, but in character.
Rebekah Nobles encourages Ben to protect the birthright. Her namesake is Rebekah of the Bible, who rescued the birthright blessing from her wayward son Esau.
Allison Russell. Her character's brilliant red hair matches her great intelligence. Her blunt truthfulness is amusing. Imagine my delight when I found that Teutonic and Swedish variations for "Allison" denote "truth", and "noble humor." Totally fitting!
Zephan. Joseph's older brother. His name is Hebrew, a variation of Zephaniah, meaning hidden by God; God's treasure. Zephan's character is like a type or symbol of Christ. He devotes his life to justice, but also is merciful. Zephan rescues the Benamoz brothers from bondage and teaches them about repentance.
Dan MacRay. A journalist with rare integrity, he founded Reality Worldview News. Dan "fights the good fight" by shining rays of light on corruption and evil. He becomes Ben's boss in the newspaper business.
Ramses. Gandikon pirate chief who engages in human trafficking. Ramses was the name of the pharaoh who opposed Moses and killed all Hebrew babies of Moses' age.
Members of the Anti-Hate Committee
Alger Rotcraft. This is a play on words. "Rot" [rhymes with vote] is the German word for red; craft means to make. Red is the color of communism and socialism. Of course, in English, one meaning of "rot" is to become morally corrupt. Rotcraft is from the Kohor Empire, which represents all the tyrannical isms. Rotcraft makes cultural rot. With his extreme wealth, he buys up newspapers so he can stifle freedom of speech, and pays for mobs to riot against innocent people. Rotcraft has a counterpart in real life who carries out this cultural Marxism. When you read the news, see if you can figure out who Alger Rotcraft represents.
Feral Hamad. Feral means fierce or wild. Hamad is a variation of Haman, who in the Bible tried to wipe out the Jewish people. Feral is extremely racist, and he founded Parents Legal and Youth services, or PLAY, which is a franchise of abortion clinics. I'm sure you know what counterpart in real life PLAY represents. Feral Hamad reminds Benjamin of a vulture.
Arch Kingerman is an archetype politician. His name is derived from a group in Native American history called the "king-men", who always sought to overthrow liberty.
Elidor Redmund is ambassador to the Kohor Empire; she is in charge of "re-educating" the people of Yeshurun. Her surname means "red world." She is in love with Arch Kingerman.
Fomentio Dagon is a community organizer. He always foments, or stirs up, people to hatred and mob action.
Other Followers of the Order of Kohor
Raul Dagon. Son of Fomentio Dagon. He is a "friend" who always gets Ruben into trouble.
Delia Matagorda works for Alger Rotcraft. Delia uses her seductive and deceptive powers to damage Ruben's moral compass. She is like the Bible story of Samson and Delilah. She ends up being deceived herself.
Nils Marlow. Atheist professor at Amulon University. Believes in nihilism[1], junk science and his own delusions of grandeur.
Boris Volkrusher works for the Kohor empire, in charge of drug cartels and assassinations. He takes delight in crushing folks, literally and figuratively.
Tyro Vulcan, thug, works for Volkrusher.
[1] Nihilism—a: viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless b: a doctrine that denies any objective ground of truth and esp. of moral truths
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text:
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
versión impresa ISSN 0042-9686
LANSANG, Mary Ann y DENNIS, Rodolfo. Building capacity in health research in the developing world. Bull World Health Organ [online]. 2004, vol.82, n.10, pp. 764-770. ISSN 0042-9686. _URL_
Strong national health research systems are needed to improve health systems and attain better health. For developing countries to indigenize health research systems, it is essential to build research capacity. We review the positive features and weaknesses of various approaches to capacity building, emphasizing that complementary approaches to human resource development work best in the context of a systems and long-term perspective. As a key element of capacity building, countries must also address issues related to the enabling environment, in particular: leadership, career structure, critical mass, infrastructure, information access and interfaces between research producers and users. The success of efforts to build capacity in developing countries will ultimately depend on political will and credibility, adequate financing, and a responsive capacity-building plan that is based on a thorough situational analysis of the resources needed for health research and the inequities and gaps in health care. Greater national and international investment in capacity building in developing countries has the greatest potential for securing dynamic and agile knowledge systems that can deliver better health and equity, now and in the future.
Palabras llave : Health services research [organization and administration]; Education, Graduate; Staff development; Investments; Access to information; Social justice; Academies and institutes; Interinstitutional relations; Developing countries; Developed countries.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
the unique solution such that. Then, the dogleg step approximates the optimal TRS solution of (4.1) by the next rule:
4.6 Stopping criterion
The RGN-HR method is halted based on a multi-component stopping criterion involving parameters; the first are standard: an absolute tolerance on the objective function value, a relative tolerance on the improvement of the objective function value, a relative tolerance on the step size, and a maximum number of iterations. The last parameter specifies the maximum number of restarts (see Section 5).
Specifically, the method halts in the th iteration if either
where are the factor matrices corresponding to the norm-balanced representatives. If neither of these conditions is satisfied after iterations or after restarts, then the method halts.
5 The hot restarts strategy
The main motivation for adding the trust region scheme to (quasi-)Newton methods consists of obtaining a globally convergent method that still has a local superlinear rate of convergence. In principle, the trust region mechanism can handle ill-conditioned Hessian approximations, where is as in (4.5), without special considerations. However, we observed in practice that the RGN with trust region method progressed very slowly near ill-conditionened 's.
In the following, we analyze the geometry of decompositions inducing singular Hessian approximations. The main conclusion is that these decompositions should be avoided altogether. Specifically, we believe that one should generally escape ill-conditioned Hessian approximations as quickly as possible. Several techniques for this were considered before in the context of the CPD, notably by extrapolating previous search directions [7, 44, 19, 13], using stochastic gradient-descent algorithms, using the true Hessian, or exploiting third-order information [38, 5]. Notwithstanding extensive experimentation,444We performed preliminary experiments with regularization, using the true Hessian, switching to steepest descent or conjugate gradients near ill-conditioned decompositions, and a simple randomization procedure wherein a multiple of a random vector is added to the dogleg direction in which the weight increases as the decomposition becomes more ill-conditioned. we found that the following Monte Carlo approach typically resulted in the best results: randomly sample nearby points of on until one is found with a reasonably well-conditioned Hessian approximation. The specific details of this hot restarts scheme are stated in Algorithm LABEL:alg_hot_restarts, which is executed before computing the dogleg step in (4.7).
algocf[tb] \[email protected]
5.1 Recognizing ill-conditioned decompositions
For determining if a decomposition is ill-conditioned, one could compute or approximate the least singular value of. For computational efficiency, however, we prefer relying on properties of the Cholesky decomposition, where is lower triangular. Since for any matrix, where is the th smallest eigenvalue in magnitude, and as, we have where we used in the first inequality, as is easily proved, and in the last step the fact that the diagonal entries of a triangular matrix are its eigenvalues. Moreover, a breakdown will occur while computing the Cholesky decomposition if is ill-conditioned [28, p. 200]. For these reasons, we apply a hot restart if a breakdown occurred or if one of the diagonal elements of is less than, so ; see line 5 of Algorithm LABEL:alg_hot_restarts. After executing Algorithm LABEL:alg_hot_restarts, the Cholesky decomposition is reused for efficiently solving in the dogleg step via backsubstitutions.
The constants appearing in line of Algorithm LABEL:alg_hot_restarts were empirically chosen. We choose in function of the relative residual, for the following reason. If the relative residual is small, one hopes to be close to a global optimizer, so spending computational resources to search an acceptable decomposition in a small radius about is justified. However, if ill-conditioning is already encountered when, then our experiments suggested that aggressively restarting, i.e., Monte Carlo sampling with a large, was the most cost-effective strategy. As long as a satisfyingly well-conditioned decomposition is not sampled, is gradually increased.
In this subsection, we argue why CPDs with a singular Hessian approximation are troublesome for the RGN method. From the properties of Gram matrices, we have the following connection between from (2.2) and :

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Should I reuse variables?
I know that many best practice say you should not do it, however later when different developer is debugging the code and have 3 variables that look a like and only difference is that they are created in different places in the code he might be confused. unit-testing is a great example of this.
However I do know that best practice are most of the time against it. For example they say not to "overide" method parameters.
Best practice are even are against nulling the previous variables (in Java there is Sonar that has warning when you assign null to variable that you don't need to do it to call garbage collector since Java6. you cant always control what warnings are turned off, most of the time the default is on)
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Since Java 6? You never needed to assign null to variables in any version of Java. When a variable goes out of scope, it releases the reference to its object. – Kevin Panko Oct 21 '11 at 14:53
re-using of variables is one of the first thing that code-obfuscators use – Lelouch Lamperouge Oct 21 '11 at 15:33
Variable re-use conflicts with choosing decent identifiers for your variables. In modern languages there aren't really any advantages to variable re-use that outweigh the benefits of having good identifiers. – Joren Oct 21 '11 at 19:26
You don't say what language you are using. The languages I use all provide constructs to limit the scope of a variable, if needed, and I use them. At that point, even though I may use the variable in ten different local scopes within a procedure (I'm exaggerating), I'm not "reusing" the variable, because it is (logically) explicitly created and destroyed when the using scope is entered and exited. – John R. Strohm Oct 22 '11 at 15:27
Also note that not all reuse is reuse. Old FORTRAN programmers, even those that have drifted off to other languages, routinely use I,J,K,L,M,N (or i,j,k,l,m,n) for all our DO-loop (for-loop) counters. We are used to seeing things like SUM = SUM + A(I,K) * B(K,J), or sum += a[i][k]*b[k][j];. – John R. Strohm Oct 22 '11 at 15:32
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11 Answers
up vote 110 down vote accepted
Your problem appears only when your methods are long and are doing multiple tasks in a sequence. This makes the code harder to understand (and thus maintain) per se. Reusing variables adds on top of this an extra element of risk, making the code even harder to follow and more error prone.
IMO best practice is to use short enough methods which do one thing only, eliminating the whole problem.
share|improve this answer
what about unit-testing? for example I need to test if after executing the method for the second time it still works as expected. – IAdapter Oct 21 '11 at 8:11
_USER_, unit test code is a different issue, where the standards may be more relaxed than for production code. Still, making it readable and easy to maintain is high priority. You can (and should) extract methods from your unit tests as well, to keep them short and easy to read (and to eliminate the need to reuse variables). – Péter Török Oct 21 '11 at 8:17
_USER_, for the scenario you described I would not reuse a variable. The appropriate thing would be something like result1 = foo(); result2 = foo(); Assert.AreEqual(result1, result2); I'm not seeing a lot of places where you'd need to reuse a variable in this case. – JSBձոգչ Oct 21 '11 at 14:31
_USER_ for(int i=0;i<2;i++) {result=foo();assertEquals(expectedResult,result);} – Bill K Oct 21 '11 at 23:07
+1 - this is a good code smell for when to make smaller methods. – user1249 Dec 29 '11 at 10:11
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Variable reuse in a method is a strong sign that you should refactor/split it.
So my answer would be that you shouldn't reuse them, because if you do then it would be that much harder to refactor it later.
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It depends.
Some variables might be created exactly for the purpose of holding a certain kind of data, which can change during the execution of a function. Return codes come to mind here, for example:
void my_function() {
 HRESULT errorcode;
 errorcode = ::SomeWindowsApiFunction();
 if (FAILED(errorcode)) { /* handle error */ }
 errorcode = ::AnotherWindowsApiFunction();
The variable name makes it very clear what this variable is intended to store. I think other usecases such as this are possible, where a variable is conceptually a container which is logically used by different instances of very similar things during the course of a function.
In general, however, this should be done only in circumstances where it is absolutely clear to possible readers of the code. In no case, except maybe extreme optimization with no regard to code legibility, should a variable be reused just because the type fits.
All of this basically follows from good practices in variable naming. Names should speak for themselves. If it is difficult to put the exact purpose for all re-uses in a short name, it is best to just use distinct variables.
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The biggest reason I don't reuse variables (especially in unit tests) is because it introduces an unecessary code path, one that is hard to test and debug. A good unit test should be independent from other tests and when you reuse class (instance) level variable in a unit test fixture you have to ensure to assert on their state before each test. A good unit test also isolates defects so in theory each test case (method) should only assert 1 behavior for the system under test. If your test methods are written like this there is rarely a need or benefit to reusing a method level variable. Last, in languages that support closures and asynchronous processing, it is really hard to reason about what the hell is going on if you are reusing variables throughout a method.
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so I should write test methods like -testSomething and assert for single method invocation -testSomethingTwoInvocations and asserts for only second invocation? – IAdapter Oct 21 '11 at 9:19
Yes. It helps you pinpoint if it's the first or second iteration that failed. mspec may help for this, its inheritance tree will be very useful. – insta Oct 21 '11 at 15:37
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You should use different variables. If you are worried that your colleague will be confused, give them names that clearly cover their roles.
Re-using variables is a likely source of confusion in the future; better to clear it up now.
In some cases, the same variable name can be re-used; for example i in a simple counting loop. In these cases, you should of course make sure that the variables are in their own scope.
EDIT: Re-using variables is sometimes a sign that the Single Responsibility Principle is violated. Check to see if the re-used variable is used in the same role. If it is, it may not be re-use at all (although it may still be preferable to have two different variables, to restrict the scope of said variables). If it is used in different roles, you have an SRP violation on your hands.
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There is one situation in which you may want to reuse a variable regardless of the great advice given by other answers: when your compiler needs a helping hand.
In some cases your compiler may not be clever enough to realize that a certain register-allocated variable is no longer being used by the next part of the code. Therefore it will not re-use that theoretically free register for the next variables, and the generated code may be sub-optimal.
Note that I don't know of any current mainstream compilers that fail to catch this situation correctly, so never, ever, ever do this unless you know for a fact that your compiler is generating sub-optimal code. If you are compiling for special embedded systems with custom compilers, you might run into this problem still.
share|improve this answer
-1 unless you can point to a real-world situation where this actually happens, and where reusing a variable makes an appreciable difference. This is a theoretical solution to a theoretical problem, and not a very good one at that. Where the compiler decides to put variables is the compiler's concern; if your compiler generates poor code, and if it really makes a difference, then fix or replace the compiler. – Caleb Oct 21 '11 at 15:35
_USER_ - you do not always have access to the compiler source code for the platform you are developing on, especially for proprietary embedded platforms. I also DID say in my answer that I don't know of any current mainstream compilers (or interpreters/VMs in fact) that do not correctly perform this liveness analysis in all cases that I've looked at. However, I have worked on proprietary embedded systems with custom compilers that were very bare-bones in the past (10 years ago or so).


SAI header
Student Opinion Survey
Student Assessment of Instruction (SAI)
1. Have you completed the SAI (the evaluation form distributed at the end of each semester to students asking for their assessment of the instruction they received in a particular class)?
2. If you answered, "Routinely at the end of each semester" or "At least once a year", what motivates you to fill out the SAI?
3. Have you ever completed the SAI using the on-line form?
4. Please rank the following options using the following scale:
3 = most likely
1 = least likely
I am more likely to complete the SAI if it is offered:
on paper during class time
on paper on my own time
online during class time
online on my own time
5. Concerning the results from the first section of eight questions on the Student Assessment of Instruction form:
Have you ever reviewed the results from these SAI questions for any particular course or instructor?
6. If yes, what was your reason for reviewing them?
7. Would additional information concerning the course or instructor be helpful to you?
8. If yes, what additional information would you like to have?
9. If you have not ever used the results from these SAI questions, did you know the results were available to you?
10. Would you make use of the results if you knew where to access them?
Optional - Your Academic Rank


text:
Written by Catharine Paddock PhD
The analysis of small deposits of calcium in breast tissue can help differentiate cancerous and benign tumors, but it is sometimes not easy to make such a diagnosis. Now a team of researchers in the US believes a new method that uses a special type of spectroscopy to locate calcium deposits during a biopsy, could greatly improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
The team, from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), writes about the work that led them to this conclusion in a paper published online in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 24 December.
Micro-calcification's, or small deposits of calcium, form when calcium from the bloodstream deposits onto degraded proteins and fats left behind by injured and dying cells.
They can be a telltale sign of breast cancer, but most tumors that contain them are benign.
Microcalcifications are most often seen in breast tumors, but they can also occur, albeit rarely, in other types of cancer, says co-senior author Maryann Fitzmaurice, senior research associate and adjunct associate professor of pathology and oncology at CWRU, in a statement.
Calcification also plays a major role in atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
Biopsy Can Be Long and Arduous Procedure
When microcalcifications show on a mammogram, doctors do a follow-up biopsy of the suspect tissue to test for cancer.
Figures show that in around 1 in 10 cases with such micro-calcification's, the tumor is cancerous, so the follow-up biopsy is critical.
During the procedure, the radiologist takes X-rays from three different angles to locate the tiny calcium deposits, then inserts a needle into the tissue and removes up to 10 tissue samples.
A pathologist then tests these samples to see if they contain microcalcifications.
But in 15 to 25% of cases, it is not easy to locate and take a tissue sample accurately, resulting in an inconclusive diagnosis. This means the patient has to have more X-rays and undergo more invasive surgery to retrieve further samples.
But, as Fitzmaurice explains, this second attempt is rarely successful:
"If they don't get them on the first pass, they usually don't get them at all."
"It can become a very long and arduous procedure for the patient, with a lot of extra X-ray exposure, and in the end they still don't get what they're after, in one out of five patients," she adds.
New Method Uses Special Type of Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is a way of determining the composition of a material by studying how it absorbs or scatters radiation such as light. It is often used in physical and analytical chemistry, and there are many applications now in medicine too.
One of the challenges in applying the technique to medicine is cost and speed: often the equipment is very expensive and slow to deliver results in "real time".
For the past several years, the MIT and CWRU team has been working on overcoming this challenge to help the radiologist determine, in a matter of seconds, if the tissue contains microcalcifications or not.
At first they tried a method based on Raman spectroscopy, which uses light to measure energy shifts in molecular vibrations, revealing precise molecular structures. The advantage of this method is that it is very accurate at identifying microcalcifications. But the disadvantage is the equipment is expensive and the analysis takes a long time.
In this latest study, the researchers describe how they turned to another method, called "diffuse reflectance spectroscopy", and found it gave results just as accurately as Raman spectroscopy, but much faster and at less cost.
Co-lead author Narahara Chari Dingari, a postdoc at MIT, says:
"With our new method, we could obtain similar results with less time and less expense."
97% Success Rate with Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy collects and analyzes light after it has interacted with the sample. This gives a unique "spectrographic signature".
In their PNAS paper, the authors describe how they examined 203 tissue samples within minutes of their removal from 23 patients.
Each sample could be one of three types, each with its own spectrographic signature. It could be healthy, it could contain lesions with no microcalcifications, or it could contain lesions with microcalcifications.
By analyzing these patterns, the team produced a computer algorithm that showed a success rate of 97% in identifying tissue with microcalcifications.
Jaqueline Soares, another lead author and MIT postdoc, suggests the changes in the way the different tissues absorb light are probably due to altered levels of specific proteins (elastin, desmosine and isodesmosine) that are often cross-linked with calcium deposits in diseased tissue.
Simple Technology with High Accuracy Is a "Good First Step"
James Tunnell is an associate professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Texas and was not involved in the study. He describes the study as a "good first step" toward a system that could have a big impact on breast cancer diagnosis.
"This technology can be integrated into the system that is already used to take biopsies. It's a very simple technology that can get the same amount of accuracy as more complicated systems."
The team envisages their technique being used by radiologists to provide enhanced "real time" guidance to current biopsy procedures.


text:
interface forwards bonded traffic in the downstream direction. A set of
downstream RF channels is configured under the Wideband interface. Each line
card will support up to 512 Wideband interfaces.
Although there is
no real relationship between these wideband interfaces and the 8 controllers
(ports), there is a convention of dividing the wideband interfaces into groups
The 512 wideband
interfaces are divided among the 8 controllers - 64 interfaces per controller.
You can create a
wideband-cable interface to define a downstream bonding group. A downstream
bonding group bonds together a set of downstream RF channels. It can only
contain the RF channels from the same line card.
between bonding groups and MAC Domains are automatically created. Associations
occur when a bonding group channel set is found to be a subset of a MAC Domain
Downstream Service Group (MD-DS-SG) within a MAC Domain. The automatic
associations will trigger the creation of an RCC that contains the bonding
group's channel set within the MAC Domain.
Verify the Bonding


text:
Club Atletico de Madrid
Atlético Madrid were originally founded on the 26th of April in 1903 as Athletic Club de Madrid by three Basque students living in Madrid. These three students saw the new club as a youth branch of their childhood team, Athletic Bilbao. As such, they played in blue and white. However, by 1911 Athletic Club de Madrid were playing in their current colours of red and white. One story claims that due to red and white cloth being used to make bed mattresses, shirts could be easily made from any spare material and were therefore cheaper to buy. This is the origin of one of the club's nicknames: Los Colchoneros, meaning the mattress makers. Another story, arguably more plausible, states that Juanito Elorduy, a former player and member of the board, went to England to buy the blue and white kits of Blackburn Rovers for both Athletic Madrid and Bilbao. He did not find Blackburn Rovers' blue and white kits and instead bought Southampton's red and white kits. Athletic Bilbao adopted the full kit, with red and white shirts and black shorts, whilst Athletic Madrid only adopted the shirts and kept the blue shorts. This lead to the nickname Los Rojiblancos.
It wasn't until 1921 that Athletic Madrid became independent of Athletic Bilbao. As part of this interdependency, a company known as Compańía Urbanizadora Metropolitana – the company that ran the underground communication system in Madrid – built a 35,800 capacity stadium named the Estadio Metropollitano de Madrid. The stadium was used until 1966, when the club moved into current stadium Estadio Vicente Calderón.
Birth of Atlético de Madrid
During the 1920s, Athletic won the Campeonato del Centro three times and were runners-up in the Copa del Rey on two occasions in 1921 and 1926. Based on this record, they were invited to join the inaugural La Liga in 1928. They were relegated only after two seasons to the Segunda División. They returned to La Liga briefly in 1934, before being relegated again in 1936. Fortunately, the Spanish Civil War gave Athletic a reprieve. Real Oviedo was unable to play due to the destruction of their stadium during the bombings. Thus, both La Liga and Athletic's relegation were postponed, the latter by winning a play-off against CA Osasuna, champions of the Segunda División.
By the time La Liga resumed in 1939, Athletic had merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza to become Athletic Aviación de Madrid. Aviación Nacional had been founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force. They had been promised a place in the Primera División for the 1939/1940 season, only to be denied by the RFEF. As a compromise, Aviación Nacional merged with Athletic Club de Madrid who had lost eight players in the Spanish Civil War. As a replacement for Real Oviedo, Athletic Aviación were awarded a place in the 1939/1940 Primera División. Under the management of the legendary Ricardo Zamora, the club won their first La Liga title that season and then retained the title in 1941. In the very same year, a decree issued by Franco banned teams from using foreign names and the club became known as Atlético Aviación de Madrid. In 1947, the club decided to drop the military association from its name and settled on its current name of Club Atlético de Madrid. This marked the beginning of Atlético's golden era.
Atlético's Golden Era
Under Helenio Herrera and with the help of Labri Benbarek, Atlético won La Liga again in 1950 and 1951. With the departure of Herrera in 1953, Atlético began to slip behind Real Madrid and Barcelona. For the remainder of the 1950's, they were left to battle it out with Athletic Bilbao for the title of third best team in Spain.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Atlético Madrid seriously challenged Barcelona of the position of second best team. They finished second in La Liga in 1958/1959 and managed to qualify for the European Cup, since Real Madrid were the reigning European champions. Atlético reached the semi-finals after beating Drumcondra, CSKA Sofia and Schalke. They played rivals Real Madrid in the semi's, losing the replay 2-1 after the original match ended 2-2 on aggregate. Atlético would gain their revenge when they defeated Real Madrid in two Copa del Rey finals in 1960 and 1961, under the management of former Real coach José Villalonga no less. They won the 1962 European Cup Winners Cup, beating Fiorentina 3-0 after a replay. In 1963, the club reached the final but was thrashed by English side Tottenham Hotspur 5-1.
Unfortunately for Atlético, they only managed to win the La Liga title on four more occasions between the years of 1961 and 1980, with Real Madrid winning the competition an outstanding 14 times during that period. Atlético won the Copa del Rey a further three times and in 1965, became the first club to beat Real Madrid at the Bernabéu in eight years.
Atlético would again win the Copa del Rey in 1985 under former player Luis Aragonés, thanks largely to striker Hugo Sánchez who won the Pichichi that year. Even after Sánchez left for Real Madrid a year later, Atlético won the Supercopa de Espańa in 1985.
It was in the year 1987 that controversial politician and businessman Jesús Gil became club president. Atlético had not won La Liga for ten years and were desperate for league success. Gil immediately spent heavily, bringing in players such as Paulo Futre from Porto. However, all of the spending only succeeded in bringing two consecutive Copa del Rey trophies in 1991 and 1992. As a result, Gil developed a ruthless reputation due to the manner in which he ran the club, particularly with managers. He had hired and fired a number of coaches, such as César Luis Menotti, Ron Atkinson, Javier Clemente, Tomislav Ivić and club legend Luis Aragonés. Significantly, Gil closed down Atlético's youth academy in 1992; a move which saw 15-year old academy member Raúl González Blanco move to Real Madrid and achieve worldwide fame.
A narrow escape of relegation in 1996 prompted a wholesale squad change. Now under Radomir Antić, Atlético finally won La Liga as well as another Copa del Rey trophy.
In December 1999, Gil and his board got suspended pending investigation into the misuse of club funds and government-appointed administrator José Manuel Rubí began running Atlético's day to day operations. With the removal of club president Jesús Gil and his board, the club floundered and the players put in disastrous performances. Then coach Claudio Ranieri handed in his resignation with the club in 17th spot out of 20 and heading towards relegation. The return of Antić for the third coaching stint failed to prevent the inevitable. Despite reaching the Copa del Rey final, Atlético were relegated.
Rising Once Again
Atlético spent two seasons in the Segunda División, narrowly missing out on promotion in 2001 before winning the Segunda División in 2002. It was again Luis Aragonés, in his last spell as a manager of Atlético, who brought Atlético to the Primera División. He also coached the team during the next season, being the one who gave Fernando Torres the opportunity to make his début in La Liga, at the Camp Nou against F.C. Barcelona in a 2–2 draw
Fernando Torres left Atlético for Liverpool in 2007 for a fee of Ł26,500,000. During this time, Atlético signed Diego Forlán from Villareal, Simăo from Benfica and José Antonio Reyes from Arsenal to join the likes of Luis García, Costinha, Maniche and young Argentine striker Sergio "Kun" Agüero. With Javier Aguirre in charge, the club had one of their most successful seasons in the past decade, reaching the last 32 of the UEFA Cup, the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey and finished 4th in La Liga, qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1996/1997.
Javier Aguirre was dismissed in 2009 after a horrible start to the 2008/2009 campaign, though he claims he was released by mutual termination. The decision sparked public outrage, with many believing the Mexican not to be cause of their problems. Diego Forlán in particular believed the players were not playing well and that Aguirre was wrongly dismissed. Abel Resino replaced Aguirre and the club finished 4th again that season.
However, the 2009/2010 season started poorly with many defeats and goals conceded. Resino was eventually sacked and replaced by Quique Sánchez Flores. Despite still not performing to expectations in La Liga, Atlético managed to qualify for the UEFA Europa League by finishing third in their Champions League group. They went on to win the tournament, defeating Liverpool in the semi-finals and then Fulham in the final. It was their first European success since the 1961/1962 European Cup Winners' Cup win. They also reached the Copa del Rey final for the first time since 1996, but were defeated by


gftopk (1) - Linux Man Pages
gftopk: convert generic font files to packed font files
gftopk - convert generic font files to packed font files
gftopk [-v] gf_file_name [pk_file_name]
The gftopk program converts a generic font file output by, for example, mf(1), to a packed font file for use by DVI-reading programs. Packed font files (pk files) are much smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are generally the font format of choice.
The gf_file_name on the command line must be complete. Because the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make sense to append a default extension as is done with TeX or DVI-reading software. The pk_file_name defaults to the same (stripped) name as gf_file_name, and it is placed in the current working directory with the pk suffix replacing gf. For example, the input file cmr10.300gf would become cmr10.300pk.
Unless the -v switch is given, gftopk operates silently. With -v, the version number of the program and statistics about the packing are output to stdout.
gftopk looks for gf_file_name first in the current directory. If it is not present there, it uses the environment variable GFFONTS. If that is not set, it uses the variable TEXFONTS. If that is not set, it uses the system default.
See tex(1) for the details of the searching.
Donald E. Knuth et al., Metafontware.


Saturday, November 21, 2009
244. The Baseline Scenarios -- Part 20: Still More Huts
There are many types of "beehive" hut in various parts of the world -- and the question is: are they related or is their shape simply a coincidence. When the designs and methods of construction are extremely similar, and they are found among hunter-gatherers or horticulturalists with traditions similar to those of HBC, then it would be difficult, I think, to argue that they all don't stem from the same ancestral source. When found in more "advanced" societies, in more elaborate forms, or built from different construction materials, then the relationship is not so clear -- but further research is certainly indicated, because the shape itself may have been passed on traditionally, even if other aspects of construction have changed. Once a baseline has been established, it's much easier to trace origins, since each example we find need be compared only with its hypothetical prototype in the baseline culture. For me, the ultimate baseline is HBC, but in many cases it might be necessary to establish intermediate baselines, from which certain "secondary" or "tertiary" traditions might have arisen. If no backward link can be established, and only then, it would be reasonable to consider the possibility of "independent invention."
This hut is clearly more elaborate than the huts we've seen from Pygmy, Bushmen and Hadza sources:
Zulu hut
But when we compare it with a more traditional type of hut from the same culture, it seems reasonable to assume that the more complex design may well have evolved from the simpler*:
Traditional Zulu Hut
This "beehive" hut is from a completely different part of the world, and made of stone rather than wood and grass or leaves:
Stone "Beehive" Hut -- Bronze Age Ireland
It's beehive shape might well be a coincidence. Or it might have evolved from an earlier type much closer to the traditional African design:
"Celtic" Hut (reconstruction) -- Wales
I'm wondering how the stone hut was constructed. If a wooden framework, similar to the framework of the traditional African huts, were constructed first, it would have been easy to position the stones against the wood, which could be easily removed once the stone structure was complete. In this way it might be possible to imagine a single line of evolution from the wood and grass hut pictured above to the stone one. On the other hand, if some other method of placing the stones had been used, then the connection wouldn't be so clear.
The same thinking could be applied to these mud huts, from the Near East:
"Beehive" Mud Huts -- Harran, Turkey
How were they constructed? If built over a wooden framework similar to that of the traditional African huts, that would establish a clear connection with HBC. If not, then one would have to consider independent invention.
[Added 11-22, 5:15 PM:
Speaking of independent invention, the Igloo certainly looks like a good example, despite its beehive shape.
On the other hand, not all Igloos are made of ice. This one appears to be covered with skins and probably had a wooden frame:
Did the ice Igloo evolve from a hut like this one? If so, it too could be traceable to HBC, why not? Skins are a natural subsitute for leaves or grass in an environment without much vegetation. And when there's no wood around to built a framework, then ice might be the only recourse. Nevertheless, the Igloo is definitely one of the more brilliant inventions of the human mind, no question. It's also an excellent example of cultural adaptation to environmental conditions. But where there is adaptation, there must also be something that's been adapted.]
*You'll notice, by the way, that for the first time I am making an assumption, something I've avoided during the entire course of this thread. Once our (hypothetical) baseline is established, on the basis of evidence and not assumptions, we are then in a much better position to make meaningful assumptions regarding associations for which solid evidence may be lacking, at least for now. Indeed, such assumptions are useful as the basis for future research.
Maju said...
The Chalcolithic "beehive hut" you mention is clearly different because:
1. It has no true dome but a false dome: the "domed" conic roof is made like an igloo (roughly) and not with the classical arched pole structure of true domed hutes or true historical domes.
2. These tholoi of Europe were used as burial sites, not homes. Though it is not impossible that they derived from similar ones from Cyprus (Khirokitia) and Kurdistan (Tell Halaf) of a much earlier period, which were used as real homes, it seems.
DocG said...
Maju, is there any evidence of how these stone huts were constructed? It seems to me that the placement of the stones to form the domelike shape would involve an extremely difficult balancing act unless there were some sort of framework already in place to set them against. Are there any records that tell us how this was done?
Maju said...
AFAIK, the tholoi are there for all to be seen. Some have lost their false domes but others are well preserved. So archaeologists have determined this fact by mere structural observation.
Tholos type buildings do have that "extremely difficult balancing act" you say as essence of their construction techniques (each row has a slightly smaller diameter than the previous one). And that is why they can't build a true dome but just a false conical one (this doesn't happen with igloos but that's because of the particular building material they use).
That's why I said before that this type of building evidences (or appears to prove) that there is conceptual discontinuity from the domed hut (which has a true dome, even if made of perishable organic materials) and the architectural dome of Etruscans and successors.
However it is not totally impossible that some domed huts still existed in Etruscan or proto-Etruscan times, inspiring their architects, but these lessons were not applied to Tholoi, maybe because, lacking mortar, they could not build the arches on stone.
I'll see if I can find some online material on this matter but you can take my word that I have read on it several times already and I'm very confident of this fact re. tholoi.
As with your case of the domed huts, there is some debate if tholoi architectural concepts were invented only once (in West Asia then) or several times independently. There are serious issues regarding time and space gaps to allow for a simple continuity model however it is also known that Cyprus in particular was active in the Mediterranean early trade and there is one or two glass beads in Iberia that evidence that there was some W-E transmediterranean trade at the time of the first Western tholoi (which pre-date the Greek ones and are likely to have inspired them).
DocG said...
Maju, take a good look at this stone beehive:
First of all, it looks to me like a true dome -- NOT conical. Second check out the jumble of stones, going every which way. I can't imagine any other way of constructing such a hut other than by piling stones almost randomly against a framework of some sort, most likely wood. The wood could easily have been removed after the stonework was complete, leaving a stable stone structure. I wonder what architects and engineers have written about this type of structure. What do you think?
Manjunatha Vadiarillat said...
Toda, a Dravidian tribe in South India are known for their unique huts. However, the tribe is relatively lighter skinned than surrounding caste population or even other Dravidian tribes (excluding some of the tribes in Nilgiri hills, where they inhabit, like Badaga and Kota). I think they were believed to have migrated from West Asia.
Maju said...
From Wikipedia, Beehive tomb:
"A beehive tomb, also known as a tholos tomb (plural tholoi), is a burial structure characterised by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones. The resulting structure resembles a beehive, hence the traditional English name".
The conical top is obviously not any true dome, which should be semi-spherical.
However, I've noticed that some of your conically topped examples have some sort of what looks as outgoing beams, what may indicate a third different type of architecture.
Maju said...
PS. There is also a graphic example in form of section of the "Treasure of Atreus" tholos, where the structure is clearly visible.
German Dziebel said...
Great collection, Victor! Thank you. I'm not sure if the skin-covered dwelling of the Eskimo is an igloo. I think it's called tupiq. They used it once the snow is melted.
So what's adaptational here and what's driven by descent? The type of covering seems to be adaptational (leaves, skin, snow depends on the availability of resources). Is the frame (conical, with several poles leaning against each other or against a mainstay [a "lean-to type"], or round, with poles being bent around and weaved together at the top) driven by common descent? Bushmen skerms are lean-tos just like American Indian tipis or Siberian


"The Significance of Myth in Ceremony"
Essay by LaxflexUniversity, Bachelor'sA, January 2003
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The Significance of Myth in Ceremony
Many people in our culture misunderstand the function of myth. We typically assume that there are two kinds of narrative, completely distinct from one another: a journalistic compilation of facts, all literally true and verifiable, or stories spun by a fiction writer for the purpose of entertainment only. Myth, we assume, falls resoundingly into the latter group. While primitive and superstitious people may have once believed that the sun was pulled across the sky by a chariot, we in our infinite scientific wisdom know that is not the reason that the sun appears to move in the sky when viewed from earth. Therefore, the myth is written off purely as a work of fiction and fantasy.
Indigenous peoples throughout the world, however, look at their myths and folktales in quite another way. They recognize in them an explanation, not for the way physical science works or history occurred, but for the way their culture feels about itself.
Myths explain by analogy concepts that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to explain literally. They do so in a way that bypasses the conscious, analytical mind and heads straight for the heart (technically, the unconscious). The stories are thus both emotionally and psychologically satisfying, and can have a very therapeutic effect when an individual's spirit is sick. When he feels, in other words, out of sync with the group that gives him his ultimate identity.
This is the situation in Leslie Marmon Silko's novel Ceremony. The protagonist, Tayo, has suffered what we would consider a nervous breakdown as a result of traumas suffered in the war. The trauma actually occurred because he was ordered to shoot enemy soldiers, who seemed to him to bear the faces of his ancestors. He is first sent to...


text:
Methane is being targeted by policymakers and stakeholders as a more potent warming gas than CO2 in the short-term horizon. The oil and gas industry, along with other sectors, are being challenged to clearly report and reduce their emissions.
To enhance understanding of these issues, IPIECA published a factsheet on Exploring methane emissions in June 2015. The paper considers methane emissions and their wider implications, and explores the associated challenges, opportunities and continuing efforts within the oil and gas sector to address them.
In September 2015, IPIECA released the third edition of the IPIECA/API/IOGP Oil and gas industry guidance on voluntary sustainability reporting. This guidance recommends reporting on direct ("Scope 1") methane emissions as a common reporting element.
IPIECA, supported by the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), organised a methane workshop in October 2015 with external speakers, company case studies and an industry roundtable around discussion on gaps in knowledge and potential areas of work moving forward. The workshop also considered data, studies and measurements from a wide range of oil and gas operations globally.
The workshop helped identify where IPIECA could focus future activities in this area, which included common definitions, reviewing and inputting to the Climate and Clean Air Coalition Oil and Gas Methane Partnership source management guidance, developing IPIECA guidance to complement existing materials, and data gathering (to be done by OGCI). Throughout 2016 and beyond we will be developing guidance on definitions, terminology, and methane management, and engaging with other organisations to improve the industry's performance.
- Climate & Energy
- 19 January 2016


text:
The San Francisco teams only had 2 days to create a solution and 3 minutes to present. It was a high-stakes, high-pressure event. If known the challenges it was entered for are in parentheses. AT&T, Aetna, Healthline, Food Essentials and athenhealth all offered separate challenges and prizes for this codeathon.
DIG*IT Mobile (AT&T): This app tried to use the "desire engine" concept to develop a medication adherence app specifically for patients with HIV. The app includes a news feed, a way to compare yourself to other people like you, easy contact buttons for providers and a quick health summary. Patients can see a graph of their lab values and their medication compliance, as well as a graph for adherence. Each day the app asks if a patient has taken their medication, as well as providing alerts that tell them to take their meds. The med component showed their pills and when their prescriptions are due. They plan to incorporate crowd-sourcing information later.
DocSays (Aetna & Healthline): This team took on the challenge of improving hospital discharge outcomes. Patients are overloaded with information at the time of discharge. Their app, titled Doc Says, gives them automatic reminders about everything from activity levels, foods, medication to reminders for appointments. It can also work on an SMS system, so it doesn't have to be smart-phone based. Options on the screen include defining all doctors instructions as tasks. The steps are broken down so that "pick up your lisinopril" is a separate task from the more generic "take your medicine."
Exhale (Aetna, AT&T, athenahealth, Healthline): Exhale is an app to promote mindful breathing. Mindful breathing is something this designer became involved with due to his experience with free-diving. "Exhalation is relaxation," is the motto. The app employs the main button on the iPhone for indicating the users' length of their breath. After being used, the app summarizes the details about your mini-meditation through breathing. The data is uploaded to mHealth and plotted.
Frood (Aetna, Food Essentials): "Frood is an easily delicious way to track your food." There are over 175 apps already to track food in the App Store (Apple only), but most of them are difficult because the data entry is time-consuming and slow. Frood is designed to create lists, and make those lists really, really simple. It uses information from location data, purchases and loyalty cards, and previous entries. Then you can just touch to choose options. Barcode scanning allows people to enter food they are eating. After it is entered, you can use a sliding swipe scale to enter how much of different categories of food you've eaten. Voice input and photos are also possible.
Good Mood Food (Aetna, Food Essentials): This team's presentation started when one team member told the other to "eat right and exercise." That is the sum total that many people feel they get from their providers when it comes to food, exercise and health. They took the approach that personal motivators are much more profound. The goal is to link desired emotions and moods to food. There are mood profiles that a person can choose as their goals. After those goals are entered, the app then asks you to rate your mood. Every time you put a rating it, it gives you information, and if you need a "boost" you can get tips about your goals. It is personal and it learns over time, according to the developers.
Gut Guru (Aetna, Athenahealth, Food Essentials): One of this team's members was celebrating her birthday by diving into a brutal 48 hour codeathon – now that's commitment to health! Gut Guru is an app for irritable bowel syndrome, which affects 20% of the U.S. population, and has high costs. Current therapies are largely inefficient. Data shows that many patients will improve if 4 different types of food are eliminated. These are gluten, lactose, fat and other. Gut Guru lets you sign up, create a food diary and track your symptoms. The app can use a bar scan, and the patient can record symptoms. The app then analyzes the data and presents it in a format that the patient and doctor can use.
HealthPlay (Aetna): This project uses an app to encourage the cultivation of healthy habits through social gamification and games. FoodRate, FoodMash and FoodQuiz are categories that are used to set up the games for the users. Users win points and a bar scanner lets users enter food. FoodMash lets you choose which food has more calories, as another example. At the end you get to see your total points and participate in a two-player game.
Water App (Aetna, AT&T): This team's approach to behavior change was to address simplicity and desire. They chose dehydration as their topic. According to the Mayo Clinic, up to 75% of Americans are chronically dehydrated, and that many of them are mistaking those symptoms for hunger. Their app allows users to track what they drink, and the purity of it. Community is included by inviting people to go to the "water cooler." As behavior changes, you get points and are invited to move onto more complex challenges like food tracking. It links to mHealth so that information can be uploaded. Tips are also presented at the time of data entry.
SmartHealth (Aetna, Athenahealth, Healthline): Smart Health is an app that empowers users to make healthy choices by three steps – first, to inspire them, then articles are presented to the user to give them tips. Users can search for topics using Healthline. Users are then linked to community through existing portals that are encouraging good health. It is a combination of inspiration, information and community.
I Just Ate (Aetna): This team set out to lower the bar to allow people to track what they eat, even if they don't have a smartphone. Users can text their app and it allows them to sign in immediately. They can then text what they just ate, even just an Oreo. Users can then set reminder times to enter what you've just eaten. There is a health-o-meter, based on what you've eaten. Users can also ask about how healthy foods are, before eating them. And, if you text a food eaten to the site "such as an Oreo", it can send a reminder back specific to that food like "remember the milk."
Sponsored prizes were presented first. Aetna's second place prize for best use of their API went to 'I Just Ate' and the first prize went to 'Doc Says.' Healthline's prize went to 'Smart Health.' Food Essentials second place prize went to 'Frood' and first place went to 'Good Mood Food.' AT&T's challenge winner was 'Dig-It.' Athenahealth's runner-up prize went to 'Exhale,' and first place went to 'Gut Guru.' The Best In Show prizes went to four runner-ups – 'Doc Says,' 'I Just Ate,' 'Dig-It,' and 'HealthPlay.' Overall third place prize went to 'Water.' Second place prize went to 'Good Mood Food.' And first prize went to 'Gut Guru.'
Jan Gurley is an internist physician who works with the San Francisco Department of Public Health. She blogs at Doc Gurley: Posts from an Insane Healthcare System.


# Copyright (c) _PHONE_ The Regents of the University of California. # Copyright (c) _PHONE_ Sun Microsystems, Inc. # See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution # of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. # # @(#) DoOneEvent.3 1.12 95/05/06 15:29:18 # =head1 NAME Tk_DoOneEvent, Tk_MainLoop, Tk_HandleEvent - wait for events and invoke event handlers =for category C Programming =head1 SYNOPSIS B<_TAG_ Etk.hE> int B(I) B() B(I) =head1 ARGUMENTS =over 4 =item int flags (in) This parameter is normally zero. It may be an OR-ed combination of any of the following flag bits: TK_X_EVENTS, TK_FILE_EVENTS, TK_TIMER_EVENTS, TK_IDLE_EVENTS, TK_ALL_EVENTS, or TK_DONT_WAIT. =item XEvent *eventPtr (in) Pointer to X event to dispatch to relevant handler(s). =back =head1 DESCRIPTION These three procedures are responsible for waiting for events and dispatching to event handlers created with the procedures B, B, B, and B. B is the key procedure. It waits for a single event of any sort to occur, invokes the handler(s) for that event, and then returns. B first checks for X events and file-related events; if one is found then it calls the handler(s) for the event and returns. If there are no X or file events pending, then B checks to see if timer callbacks are ready; if so, it makes a single callback and returns. If no timer callbacks are ready, B checks for B callbacks; if any are found, it invokes all of them and returns. Finally, if no events or work have been found, B sleeps until a timer, file, or X event occurs; then it processes the first event found (in the order given above) and returns. The normal return value is 1 to signify that some event or callback was processed. If no event or callback is processed (under various conditions described below), then 0 is returned. If the I argument to B is non-zero then it restricts the kinds of events that will be processed by B. I may be an OR-ed combination of any of the following bits: =over 4 =item B - Process X events. =item B - Process file events. =item B - Process timer events. =item B - Process B callbacks. =item B - Process all kinds of events: equivalent to OR-ing together all of the above flags or specifying none of them. =item B - Don't sleep: process only events that are ready at the time of the call. =back If any of the flags B, B, B, or B is set, then the only events that will be considered are those for which flags are set. Setting none of these flags is equivalent to the value B, which causes all event types to be processed. The B flag causes B not to put the process to sleep: it will check for events but if none are found then it returns immediately with a return value of 0 to indicate that no work was done. B will also return 0 without doing anything if I is B and there are no B callbacks pending. Lastly, B will return 0 without doing anything if there are no events or work found and if there are no files, displays, or timer handlers to wait for. B is a procedure that loops repeatedly calling B. It returns only when there are no applications left in this process (i.e. no main windows exist anymore). Most X applications will call B after initialization; the main execution of the application will consist entirely of callbacks invoked by B. B is a lower-level procedure invoked by B. It makes callbacks to any event handlers (created by calls to B) that match I and then returns. In some cases it may be useful for an application to read events directly from X and dispatch them by calling B, without going through the additional mechanism provided by B. These procedures may be invoked recursively. For example, it is possible to invoke B recursively from a handler called by B. This sort of operation is useful in some modal situations, such as when a notifier has been popped up and an application wishes to wait for the user to click a button in the notifier before doing anything else. =head1 KEYWORDS callback, event, handler, idle, timer


text:
i-th person has weight
people[i], and each boat can carry a maximum weight of
Each boat carries at most 2 people at the same time, provided the sum of the weight of those people is at most
Return the minimum number of boats to carry every given person. (It is guaranteed each person can be carried by a boat.)
Input: people = [1,2], limit = 3 Output: 1 Explanation: 1 boat (1, 2)
Input: people = [3,2,2,1], limit = 3 Output: 3 Explanation: 3 boats (1, 2), (2) and (3)
Input: people = [3,5,3,4], limit = 5 Output: 4 Explanation: 4 boats (3), (3), (4), (5)
1 <= people.length <= 50000
1 <= people[i] <= limit <= 30000
import pytest from.Day13_BoatsToSavePeople import Solution s = Solution() _USER_.mark.parametrize( "people,limit,expected", [ ([1, 2], 3, 1), ([3, 2, 2, 1], 3, 3), ([3, 5, 3, 4], 5, 4), ([2, 2], 6, 1), ([3, 1, 7], 7, 2), ([2, 4], 5, 2), ], ) def test_num_rescue_boats(people, limit, expected): assert s.numRescueBoats(people, limit) == expected
from typing import List class Solution: def numRescueBoats(self, people: List[int], limit: int) -> int: people.sort() boats = 0 i = 0 j = len(people) - 1 while i <= j: i = i + 1 if people[i] + people[j] <= limit else i boats += 1 j -= 1 return boats
I tried every which way to not have to sort the list for this. I tried crazy stuff like using a HashMap to store calculations but if there's a better performing solution where you don't have to sort the list first, I am not currently capable of figuring it out.
In the above solution, we first sort the people by weight, lightest to heaviest. Recall there was a requirement:
Each boat carries at most 2 people at the same time
This kind of makes our job easier since we only need to check if the heaviest person + the lightest person can fit. If
heaviest + lightest > limit then no other combination of
heaviest and anything else can work.
Given that fact, we look at the heaviest and lightest in each iteration. If they both fit, we count one boat. If not, heaviest gets their own boat because It is guaranteed each person can be carried by a boat. We keep the index at the lightest person if that's the case and check them with the next heaviest person.
log N here and we go over the list once more to count the boats giving
O(N log N).


BS Energy taking steps towards zero coal
To decrease their carbon footprint, many energy producers are going green with Valmet's sustainable biomass-fired plants. One of the companies taking steps towards zero coal with Valmet's technology is BS Energy in Braunschweig, Germany. It supplies energy to the city of approximately 250,000 inhabitants and owns the local distribution networks.
"We are aiming at a climate-friendly future and will end heat and power generation from hard coal in 2022. With around 220 million euros, our energy generation conversion project represents the largest investment in our company's history. In the future, we will generate environmentally friendly electricity and heat from a new biomass CHP plant in combination with a new gas turbine CHP plant and our existing Combined-Cycle-CHP plant. Our focus was and still is on security of supply, economy and climate protection," says Paul Anfang, Deputy Chairman of the Board of BS Energy.
Valmet will supply a Valmet CFB Boiler including flue gas cleaning and auxiliary systems for the new biomass CHP plant. "Valmet convinced us with its offer: we will get a particularly efficient and flexible boiler that is also robust and easy to maintain. Plus, we will benefit from the expertise from worldwide reference projects. Valmet provides us with a very good technical and commercially attractive concept," Anfang remarks.
Reaching high thermal efficiency
When planning the investment, BS Energy considered grate technology and bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) technology for the plant but eventually chose Valmet's circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology.
Anfang goes on: "Valmet's technology enables reliable operation with waste wood of categories from A I to A IV and other demanding biomass fuels. This project will meet future environmental requirements with low emissions and high thermal efficiency. By positioning the final superheating in the loop seal, the Valmet boiler allows high steam temperatures while still achieving longer lifecycles for the other superheaters. This enables us to reach higher electrical efficiency in the process and hence higher electricity production. Therefore, higher processing costs for the fuel can also be compensated for."
The modernization project is currently carried out step by step with ongoing operation on the existing power plant site. The biomass-fired CHP plant will produce approximately 20 megawatts of electricity and 60 megawatts of district heat. The boiler will primarily run on recycled wood.
Valmet CFB Boiler


This is a huge topic beyond the scope of this website. What follows is just some general information/advice for the inexperienced.
 - Mountain navigation is often much easier than finding your way around the road network with a road atlasso if you've had problems with that in the past don't be put off
 - You do not need to be an ace navigator to take part in fell races
 As long as you can read a map fairly well and can take and follow a compass bearing then you'll be fine
 - There are some easy fell races that require hardly any navigational skills at all... and some fell races require good navigational skills, especially in poor weather and bad visibility. Check out before you go if the race will suit your level of experience/competence
 - If the weather is fair and the visibility is good then the navigation element of a race is markedly reduced or not relevant
 - Going on a recce (navigate your way around the fell race route beforehand) will make the navigational element much easier as you will recognise features and know where to turn and when you're on the right track during the race
 - If you've never done a fell race before, make your first an easy one and do it in good weather
 - It is essential to get out there in the hills in order to gain some experience. Although you can learn the basics from books, websites etc there is no substitute for the real thing. As with all things in life, if you want to do well in a competition/test situation, you need to study and practice beforehand. When you practice, practice in the same type of environment as the competition - outside on the hills!
 - When practicing, select a series of landmarks you want to find beforehand, then visit each in turn. Obviously, you should start off with easy to find landmarks and progress to harder ones. Easier points to find might be on 'linear' features like rivers/streams/tracks/boundaries or at the top of a hill.
 - The key to navigation is being able to match up easily what you see on the ground with what you see on the map. When you can do that with ease move onto to some compass work
 - Getting lost (temporarily misplaced) will help you with your navigational skills. That's my excuse anyway ;)
There are numerous websites that offer a basic way in. Here is one: Everything Outdoors - Fell Race Nav
Understanding contours is key to mountain navigation.
Think of each contour on the map as a step, just like the steps on a mountain paddy field in somewhere like Vietnam. As you go up the steps you get higher.
Contours are an even step -
each time you move over a contour you go up or down the same amount. This may be 5m, 10m, or 15m depending on the map.
Some maps are conveniently colour coded so you get a better understanding of which is up and which is down.
Compass work
 There are numerous types of compass. The one pictured left is the kind of thing many hill walkers and fell runners might use.
In essence a compass is merely a magnet, which is allowed to pivot. All magnets will align themselves to face north if allowed to spin freely. You may have carried out experiments at school with a basic compass - like a magnetised needle or magnets suspended on a string.
Since maps are set out with north at the top, the compass will help you orientate the map (set it out in the same direction as the terrain around you). Together a map and compass can help you move from where you are to where you want to go.


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Mission: Cancer is the consequence of abnormal function of critical genes that drive hallmarks of cancer. At the CRCT we aim at discovering how this process occurs.
Vision: Information not localized
The following data gives a quick reading on the scientific performance in the last years. The research ranking refers to the volume, impact and quality of the institution's research output. The innovation ranking is calculated on the number of patent applications of the institution and the citations that its research output receives from patents. Finally, the societal ranking is based on the number of pages of the institution's website and the number of backlinks and mentions from social networks.
The result of the evaluation of the institution can be compared to obtain a view of the country, the region to which it belongs and the institutions of the world, placing it in their respective positions.
We have divided the scientific output of the institution into 19 large areas of knowledge and the following table shows only the ranks in different territorial domains achieved by the institution in each of the areas. For an institution to have a presence in an area, it is necessary that it exceed in the last year a minimum output threshold equivalent to twice the percentage that this area represents in the world. If you need scientific indicators on these areas visit Scopus and/or SciVal.
These are the journals used by the institution's researchers to publish their work in the last year. The size of each circle represents the value of the SJR of the publication, and its spatial position represents its subject matter.
This visualizatión allows you to identify the knowledge areas where the institution has published, recognize the prestige of the scientific journals in which the institution knowledge has been published, and identify predominant scientific communities.


How to Increase Land Value
How to Increase Land Value
-•• valeggio sul mincio gardens 25 image by superkiss from
Land is the human being's most basic resource, according to Henry George, Defined as all air, soil, minerals and water, land supports life. It is mankind's source of wealth and is used directly or indirectly to produce all goods and services. There is a fixed amount of land available, and demand for land is the only thing that determines its value. It's worth what only what someone is willing to pay for it, but there are ways to raise land's value.
How to Increase Land Value
Use conservation methods such as conservation tilling to keep organic matter in the soil and adding sodded waterways to prevent soil erosion. Improve drainage by installing drainage tiles and add nutrients that have been depleted to soil.
Improve the appearance of land. Remove junk and repair structures, such as fences and sheds. Remove weeds, mow the grass and make sure there are no environmental hazards, including chemicals, unused wells or underground storage tanks.
Plant trees. According to GMO head Jeremy Grantham, timberland will be the best asset through the year 2012. The value of timberland has gone up every year since 2001, with a higher rate of return than stocks. Tax benefits are available to owners of timberland.
Landscape the grounds. Plant grass, gardens and shrubs that are easy to maintain and look great. Add rocks, ornamental plants and ponds or waterfalls to increase land value.
Keep careful records that show what improvements were made to the land and when they were completed. Include materials used and warranties or guarantees that are offered.
 - Join a school improvement team and a crime watch group in your community. Improved schools and a lower crime rate add to the value of your land.
 - Some improvements to land begin to decline in value in about 10 years.


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In this new on-demand webinar we demonstrate how to generate a hybrid hexahedral-tetrahedral mesh for the Potsdam Propeller. You'll see both approaches (solid meshing and fault tolerance meshing) to generating surface meshes on the geometry model, the T-Rex technique for generating boundary layer resolved meshes, Glyph scripting, and more.
The Potsdam Propeller Test Case (PPTC) is a benchmark case used for assessing the accuracy of existing computer codes and modeling strategies in simulating hydrodynamic propeller performance. The controllable pitch propeller design was tested at several different conditions and has a wealth of experimental data for CFD validation.
In this on-demand webinar, we walk through creating an unstructured hybrid mesh consisting primarily of hexahedra and tetrahedra for the PPTC geometry while presenting several meshing best-practice guidelines.
Discover how to:
- Apply both Solid Modeling and Fault Tolerant surface meshing techniques to create, repair, and add localized grid resolution
- Automate frequently-used meshing tasks by using Glyph utility scripts
- Improve cell quality of structured surface domains with the elliptic solver
- Copy, Transform, and Paste existing grid entities to substantially reduce time spent meshing
- Quickly create 3-D volume grids for simple shapes like boxes, cylinders, spheres, and polygons
- Export grid, boundary, and volume conditions to over sixty CAE solver grid formats by using the built-in CAE Solver plug-in


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As I was thinking of making more advance tutorials, maybe its time to make a quick simple tutorials where beginners can easily figure how it was done. Here is a simple tutorial for beginners. In this tutorial you'll gonna learn how to create a Simple Text Portrait in Photoshop. You will learn how to make a text follow into a path with the use of Pen Tool (P) in more artistic way. Here's a quick look on the final result
First we need to get a Stock photo to start. This girl is good for our tutorial. You can download it HERE. After you download it. Put it in Photoshop and Name it to "GUIDE"
Once you download, Remove the background using Polygonal Lasso Tool (L).
Lets adjust the image Brightness and Contrast. Copy the settings below
Now lets posterize it a bit. Go to Image>Adjustments>Posterize. Then set the Level to 5. One its done set the image Opacity to 40 so we can easily see the path later on once we use Pen Tool (P).
Choose Pen Tool (P). Start creating a path from left to right. See image below.
Now Lets add an anchor point on the center of the path. Right Click on the Pen Tool (P) in the toolbar then choose Add Anchor Point Tool. Add an anchor point on the center then hold Left Click on your Mouse then drag it Upward.
This time choose Horizontal Type Tool (T) then click on the left side of the path. Its the first point when we start creating our path. After you click the first point of our path It must look like this
Now Start typing a text. I use naldzgraphics on this sample repeatedly:).
Lets adjust the size of the fonts so it will occupied the darker part of our image since we are using the darker part of the image as our guide to create our portrait.
To work on the eye, Choose Ellipse Tool (U) and start creating a circle inside the eye. Once your done adjust the circle using Direct Selection Tool (A). Now we have just made a path on the eye.
Choose Horizontal Type Tool (T) again. Click on the upper right of the path and start typing a text. It will look like this.
Now you learn how to create a path using Pen Tool repeat the same process on the nose,mouth and hair. Again make sure to use the darker part on the image as the guide on making the path:) Once your finish, close the "GUIDE" Layer. On the Background layer use _TAG_ color. Use Paint Bucket Tool (G) to apply the color. And we're finish:) Again Congrats!!!
Also Adding color gives better effect.You can play what ever color you want on your portrait. Here I just use a simple color using only more on red.
I hope this tutorial help you.
Also if you like you can bookmark this and share it with the others:)thanks for the visit and for your support.


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- Health Sector
- New Zealand
Counties Manukau in South Auckland is the fastest growing district in New Zealand. It is multi-ethnic, but minorities are severely under-represented in the health workforce.
- to create a seamless school to employment pipeline that supports and develops local talent
- to double the number of Maori and Pasifika people working within the organisation, across all health professions
- to create a workforce that better reflects the diversity of the communities they serve
Counties Manukau Health (CM Health) partnered with local schools, identified by expression of interest, to become Health and Science Academies (HSAs). The HSA program is designed around supporting students to gain direct entry into tertiary level sciences, through extra tuition in science, maths and English, and other activities, including hospital visits, panel sessions with health professionals and academic mentoring.
- CM Health has embarked on a number of equal opportunity initiatives to complement the HSAs.
- All Maori and Pasifika candidates are short-listed for priority workforces.
- A senior Maori or Pasifika representative is always included in interview panels for priority workforces.
- Workforce recruitment targets are set to ensure that the diversity of the workforce reflects the diversity of the local population by 2025.
- Initially three schools were selected to become HSAs.
- Initial funding to implement the HSAs was provided by a partnership with the Tindall foundation, a charitable foundation that operates across New Zealand. In 2016, CM Health agreed to fund the three colleges directly.
- A Grow Our Own Workforce Governance Group meets up to four times a year to provide strategic guidance and monitor the ongoing implementation of the academies.
- An operational leadership group was established between CM Health and the Principals of each of the colleges to improve collaboration and share best practice.
Program design strategies
- The academies support Maori and Pasifika students with an interest in, and aptitude for, careers in health. Selection is made on students evidencing commitment, alongside some academic ability.
- The HSA program is a joint endeavour between families, community and teachers and regular parent information events are held.
- To profile the wide range of possible health careers, CM Health provides events, hospital visits and talks with health professionals. The provision of hands-on experiences of health sector jobs, and opportunities to talk to Maori and Pasifika health professionals, helps to increase student motivation and sense of purpose.
- The HSA program is designed to support students to gain direct entry into tertiary level sciences. Compared to mainstream students in Year 11, who have five lessons of science in a six-day timetable, students in the HSAs have ten lessons.
- The program is recognised as a long-term strategy. Once the students transition into tertiary study, depending on their area of studies, they won't be ready for employment for a minimum of three years after that.
- Above-average school attendance rates are being maintained by Academy students.
- One of the students in the first cohort was inspired to study nursing and is now employed in CM Health. She is the first in her family to be university educated, and her story has been featured on local news networks in Auckland.
- The Pasifika workforce has increased from 9% to 11% since 2010.
- The Maori workforce has increased from 5% to 8% since 2010.
- It is essential to involve Maori and Pasifika leadership when designing and implementing Maori and Pasifika health workforce development programs.
- Ensure a clear vision and purpose.
- Ensure joint strategic and operational planning at the right level with a well-structured workforce plan.
- Occasionally family-support can turn into family-pressure when students are expected to pursue a career to which they do not have initial inclination.
- The innovations being generated by the Academies draw strongly on the advantages of being a small and focused learning community within the school.
- Students need to be able to see a workplace, and be able to actively imagine themselves doing the role.
- Without surrounding attention and encouragement from families and teachers, books and resources are not helpful on their own.
- have local schools with the capability and capacity to offer health science subject education?
- have access to transport for students?
- have culturally-appropriate and safe mentoring and tuition?
- have organisational understanding of and support for the importance of a culturally diverse workforce?
- have Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) programs that support nondiscriminatory employment practices?
- meet the specific cohort's training needs?
- champion and facilitate the program?
- provide culturally-appropriate and safe development opportunities and methods?
- offer extra tuition and mentoring?
CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROGRAM SCALING
- have realistic job opportunities and student numbers required to meet this?
- have the required financial and personnel resources?
- have sufficient interested student numbers?
- have host organisations, teachers and trainers who are supportive of diversity and can provide culturally-appropriate and safe environments?
- have sufficient placement and development opportunities?
- you don't have an organisational culture and practices that support diversity?
- the newly-qualified workforce seeks opportunities elsewhere (out of region or even country)?
- you aren't prepared for the length of time required to develop trainees to competence and fill roles?
- there are changes to funding or policy priorities?


Category: Nutrients to Soil
Thekla Teunis and Gijs Boers, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of regenerative agriculture
An interview with the founders of Grounded, Thekla Teunis and Gijs Boers, founders of Grounded ― a company whose goal is to restore landscapes by giving power to farmers and consumers. We already interviewed them 4 years ago.
Walter Jehne, stop talking about carbon emissions and focus on restoring the water cycle
An episode about the impact of regeneration on cooling the climate with Walter Jehne, forester and agricultural scientist specialising in soil microbial ecology of plant diseases, nutrition, and land regeneration.
Robin Saluoks & Kristjan Luha on building the biggest farmers union in the world, already covering 1m hectares on 1500 farmers
How do we get thousands of farmers and millions of hectares to transition towards applying more regenerative practises? This is the primary question answered today by Robin Saluoks and Kristjan Luha, cofounders of eAgronom.
Clint Brauer on why robotics are key to scale regen ag without chemicals
Clint Brauer of Greenfield Robotics talks about the key role robotics are going to play in the next 20 years on scaling regenerative agriculture across millions of acres.
Elaine Ingham on why healthy soils don't need rotations


August 23rd individuals fall under the sun sign Virgo. Browse through this article for a list of famous people born on 23rd August and also know more about their personality traits.
The profound influence of the planet Mercury determines the basic probabilities of the nature and characteristic of individuals born on August 23rd. The planet not only rules the zodiacal group, but also governs the particular date. As such, these people display typical personality traits of efficiency, dexterity and observance. They are highly generous, creative, charming and sincere with a yearning for knowledge and information. What is the most unique trait of these people is their innate ability to perceive any situation quickly and then act on it almost immediately. August 23rd individuals love to travel and are adventurous by nature. However, they can turn out to be self-centered, aloof and snappy at times.
Barbara EdenBarbara Eden
Eugene Curran KellyEugene Curran Kelly
02 February 1996
Julian CasablancasJulian Casablancas
New York City
Keith John MoonKeith Moon
07 September 1978
Kobe BryantKobe Bryant
(Basketball player)
Louis XVI of FranceLouis XVI of France
(King of France)
21 January 1793
Palace of Versailles
Luis de MatosLuis de Matos
Natalie CoughlinNatalie Coughlin
Vallejo, California
Akhmad KadyrovAkhmad Kadyrov
09 May 2004
Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, USSR
John Sherman CooperJohn Sherman Cooper
21 February 1991
Nelson DeMilleNelson DeMille
River Jude PhoenixRiver Jude Phoenix
31 October 1993
William Jacob Will CuppyWilliam Jacob Will Cuppy
19 September 1949
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Personality Traits & Characteristic of Famous People Born on August 23
Perfectionists of sorts, individuals born on August 23rd are versatile folks with a penchant for creativity and ingenuity. Ruled by the planet Mercury, the ruler of both the zodiacal group and the actual day, these people have an analytical mind and a rational approach to life. This practicality often overshadows the caring, sensitive and compassionate temperament of these people. The observant nature, charming personality and sophisticated taste of these people make them unique and distinctive. Adding to this is their generous and sincere nature that makes these individuals have a positive and productive outlook towards life and people. August 23rd individuals have great communication skills and are gifted speakers.
Emotional imbalance disrupts the smooth functioning and the healthy being of individuals born on August 23rd. Since these individuals do not express themselves well, the bottled up emotions does more harm than good for their overall health. An emotionally upsetting situation can cause hindrance in the vitality of these people. However, due to their fondness for exercises, individuals with this birthday hardly go out of shape. The only thing that they need to regulate is their intake of sugar in the diet.
What makes August 23rd people distinct from their fellow beings is the fact that they can manage well in any type of financial situation. As such, having a petty income or a wholesome one hardly matters for August 23rd individuals. However, if blessed with an above average income, these people are extremely generous and believe in sharing their fortune with others.
An August 23rd born does not plunge into the job easily. In fact, it takes a whole lot of things to capture the attention of people born on this date. These individuals look for a profession that mentally stimulates them. Changes and challenges should be a vital part of the profile to keep these individuals going. These people are endowed with an eye for detail and are truly efficient and capable. Unlike others, they are happy to work in a team or group rather than alone but are most efficient when placed in the position of a team leader.
Relationships, Marriage & Children
Romantically, August 23rd individuals are enthusiastic about love and romance and are keen on commitment. Though they may appear to be unemotional, rigid and fiercely independent folks on the surface, these people seek for a partner with whom they can share their actual inner self. True love, respect, friendship and equality are qualities they want in their relationship with their partner. A lesser known fact is that August 23rd individuals are great listeners, which come in handy while maintaining a blissful alliance with their partner. They are also immensely thoughtful, kind, loyal and devoted. Parenting comes naturally to those born on this date. If they aren't blessed with their own children, they are likely to enjoy with youngsters by enrolling themselves at humanitarian or charitable organizations.
Lucky Color: Green
Lucky Days (of the month): 5, 14, 15, 25
Famous People By


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Educação e Pesquisa
Print version ISSN _PHONE_
ARELARO, Lisete Regina Gomes; JACOMINI, Márcia Aparecida and KLEIN, Sylvie Bonifácio. Nine-year fundamental education and the right to education. Educ. Pesqui. [online]. 2011, vol.37, n.1, pp. 35-51. ISSN _PHONE_. _URL_
This article investigates the consequences of the Federal Laws No. 11114/05, which instituted the start of the period of mandatory education at the age of six, and No. 11274/06, which increased the duration of fundamental education to nine years, keeping its start at the age of six. The analyses presented here are based on documents and empirical data of the study Avaliando políticas educacionais: um estudo sobre a implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos no Estado de São Paulo [Evaluating educational policies: a study of the implementation of nine-year fundamental education in the State of São Paulo]. Under a qualitative approach, that study was conducted in municipal and state public school systems, and involved different segments: education workers, parents, and six-year-olds enrolled at the first year of fundamental education. The interviews and questionnaires helped to gather their opinions on various aspects of the implementation of nine-year fundamental education, and allowed the comparison with the intentions declared in the official documents in the light of three educational principles: the right to education, democratic management, and quality of education. It was observed that practices remain which disregard both the legal precepts and the importance of the participation of those involved in the education process in order to achieve quality education. Likewise, the first year curriculum reflects only a simplistic adaptation of the former first year curriculum, with minor methodological adjustments that do not incorporate the ludic as something specific to childhood. It became evident that material and financial resources are insufficient, that teachers are not being oriented, and that the future of pre-school under the new organization is not being discussed.
Keywords : Educational policy; Nine-year fundamental education; Right to education; Democratic management; Quality of education.