text:
Every employer wants an engaged workforce; people who know what's expected of them at work and enthusiastically arrive on the job to earn a paycheck and to contribute to the organization's success. Engaged employees are loyal workers who add value to a material recovery facility (MRF) every day.
When engagement is high, employees are loyal, committed to their work and refer others to the team. On the other hand, MRFs that experience high turnover and poor performance probably have an engagement problem.
The good news is that any MRF can take steps to create an environment that fosters engagement, productivity and profitability, even among temporary workers.
- Start at the interview. Creating an engaged workforce starts at the interview. Set the stage with an interview space that includes your hiring materials, personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment. This communicates that you're an organized, prepared and reliable employer. Be upfront and honest about the work and your expectations. Always follow up with new hires before the start of their first shift. This makes them feel like they are a part of the team from the beginning.
- Build cooperative teams. The most crucial time to engage with employees is in the first few days on the job. The MRF environment is fast paced and chaotic; motivation and direction can easily be lost. Make sure each new hire is catching on to his or her role and answer questions. Take time to introduce new hires to the rest of the team. Pair new hires with an experienced "buddy" during the first week on the job. Follow up with new hires regularly to keep building their engagement.
- Get personal. Make an effort to build relationships with your employees. Get to know them as people, listen to their concerns and give them opportunities to grow. It takes more time to manage this way, but it creates a team of sorters who care about the job and the company and translates directly to low turnover and high engagement.
- Offer flexibility. Today's employees often consider a flexible schedule to be equally or more important than overall compensation. Employers can create flexibility in several ways that may improve hiring and results, employee satisfaction and loyalty.
- Rotating schedules and assignments can keep employees from becoming overworked or bored on the job. For new hires, consider scheduling them to work a half week or don't have them sort for a full shift. This can help them learn the job more quickly. Consider offering tenured employees the option to choose their preferred shifts.
- If work slows down or your MRF has seasonal peaks and valleys, consider putting a portion of your workforce in part-time or shared jobs. Some MRFs shift their employees to "busy work" until things pick up. Others offer volunteer furloughs, allowing employees to leave or take a break when the system is slow and to come back when the opportunity returns. Options like these can help improve retention, reduce your hiring and training expense and drive engagement.
- Keep safety interesting. The safety program at your MRF is an aspect of the employer-employee relationship that clearly communicates how much you value your workforce. It's crucial to keep employees involved, make safety programs interesting and help employees internalize key points day after day. Effective safety programs can reduce incidents and improve motivation. Safety huddles are standard at most MRFs, but their routine focus could cause employees to tune out. Try these ideas for safety huddles:
- Create a quiz to test the team's knowledge. Read it out loud and solicit answers from the group.
- After the safety meeting, stop and ask employees questions from that day's meeting.
- Move the location of the safety huddle to a place relevant to the topic. For example, if you are discussing fire drill and evacuation procedures, meet at the first rally point. Sound the alarm so employees know what it sounds like.
Safety committees also help to keep safety interesting and a priority. These committees offer members a chance to prove themselves, connect with management and implement ideas that make the operation better. When choosing safety committee members, seek out employees who have been a part of the team awhile and have the respect of their peers; people who enjoy participating in a group and aren't afraid of voicing their opinions.
- A competitive wage increase can be motivating and create a more loyal, stable workforce. These engaged workers stay on the job longer and recommend their workplace to others, so you spend less time on recruiting, training and safety issues.
- When employees believe they are being treated fairly, viewed with respect and valued for their contributions, they work harder and become more productive over time. That level of engagement translates to improved efficiency, lower contamination levels, less equipment downtime and improved diversion rates.
- Keeping a focus on market wages and adjusting as conditions change allows MRFs to recruit and retain the best possible employees. The savings that come from reduced turnover and improved performance can offset the initial cost of the wage increase and add long-term value through higher quality output.
- Implement an attendance tracking system. This communicates that each employee's attendance matters to the team's success.
- Post hand speeds and quality data. It's information everyone can use to understand expectations and to check their performance against a goal.
- Make job expectations a topic that you address weekly at the daily meeting or devote one meeting each month to the topic of performance, goals and expectations.
- Celebrate individually and as a team when goals or milestones are achieved.
Creating an engaged workforce isn't easy, but the rewards are worth the effort. At Leadpoint, our experience shows that sorters can and do stay on the job long term when they are engaged in their work, feel like part of the team and are inspired by the success of those around them.


text:
An increasing number of colleges and universities across the United States are making Giving Days an important part of their overall fundraising strategies.
These 24-hour fundraising challenges go beyond inspiring alumni to give, with participation seen from faculty, students, and even non-affiliated members of their local communities.
An impressive example was Canisius College's first Giving Day, with over $200,000 raised from more than 1,000 donors in a single day! Here's how Giving Days benefit both higher education organizations AND their donors:
BENEFITS FOR HIGHER ED ORGANIZATIONS
1. Improved Alumni Engagement
Successful Giving Days rely heavily on an enhanced online presence and social media engagement that leads supporters to a simple way to give back through online donations. Essentially with a Giving Day what you're doing is:
"Meeting donors where they already are – on social media and online" – Canisius
2. New Donor Acquisition
Studies from higher education Giving Days have revealed that they can (and often do) attract new donors of all age levels. See the stats from this higher ed Giving Day report!
It's important to also keep in mind the number of post-graduates who have accumulated student loan debt and who would normally not be appropriate to reach out to for donations.
With a Giving Day, more emphasis is placed on increasing the number of people that are involved in giving what they are able to give (known as "the crowdfunding game"), rather than a small number of wealthy people giving in large quantities. Because of this, everyone can feel as though they contributed to the grand total. 🙂
3. Improved Awareness / Understanding of Your Organization's Needs
With an amplified online presence through your Giving Day website and social media campaigns, you're improving both the number of people you're reaching with your message and the quality of that message. The better your cause is understood, the more people will relate to it and want to provide their support.
4. Raise Much-Needed Funds
As Canisius mentioned following their successful Giving Day, a lot of the funds they saw during this event may have never come in otherwise. Having a sense of urgency (24-hour timeframe!) really does encourage giving.
5. Rising Popularity and Success Amongst Universities as a Whole
More and more colleges and universities are seeing incredible results by implementing a Giving Day into their fundraising plan. Their strategies for success throughout the day are often shared openly and can be implemented by other institutions in order to see similar results.
6. They almost always Exceed Expectations
If you look at the Giving Day performance statistics for higher education organizations, the majority of them have surpassed their fundraising goals!
BENEFITS FOR DONORS
7. Strengthened Sense of Pride in Your Organization
Whether it be in the college itself or within certain groups they were associated with, donors can feel a strengthened sense of pride by contributing during the Giving Day. For example, a specific sports team could be recognized for giving the most as a group for that day or for having the most donors. These numbers are reflected in the Giving Day Leaderboards, one of the many great features offered through GiveGab.
When you have an established day dedicated to giving back to your college or university, you can get the entire community – beyond just your alumni – involved! When fundraising isn't only targeting your alumni, you're casting a larger net and establishing a bigger community of supporters that your alumni, faculty, students, and so on, can ALL feel a deeper connection to!
8. Increased Philanthropic Spirit
As most donors can attest to, there's a lot of joy that comes from contributing to something greater than ourselves. When an organization of higher learning has provided us with the skills and experience to succeed in life or with invaluable personal connections, a collaborative giving event can ignite a widespread spirit of philanthropy.
Giving to higher education has increased every year since 2010, according to The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Your college or university can be a part of this growing trend by implementing a Day of Giving into your overall fundraising strategy!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Free and Open Productivity Suite
Apache OpenOffice 4.1.2 released
Definition of a Directory
The keyword for a directory definition is Directory. A global ID of a directory should begin with gid_Dir. Directories have to be assigned to modules in the definition block of the module. If a directory is not assigned to any module, it is automatically assigned to the root module by the scplinker. A typical definition of a directory in the scp projects looks like:
Directory gid_Dir_Autotext
ParentID = gid_Dir_Share;
DosName = "autotext";
Directory gid_Dir_Share_Autocorr
ParentID = gid_Dir_Share;
DosName = "autocorr";
Styles = (CREATE);
As you can see, the definition of a directory is very simple. A directory has a name (DosName) and a parent. Every directory has a parent, resulting in a directory tree. For the most directories, the ParentID is a global ID, which is defined in the script before. Some directories of course have to be defined by the setup. The most important is the directory:
which is for example used in the definition:
Directory gid_Dir_Program
DosName = "program";
The directory program is created below the Office installation root. And this is described by the PREDEFINED_PROGDIR, which has to be found by the setup. By the way, the PREDEFINED_PROGDIR is defined by the user, during the installation process.
Further predefined directories are:
PREDEFINED_HOMEDIR : The user's home directory
PREDEFINED_CONFIGDIR: The system's configuration directory
PREDEFINED_OSSHELLNEWDIR: The shellnew directory for Windows
PREDEFINED_OSSYSTEMFONTDIR: The system font directory
A directory is created, if it is necessary to create it. This means: For example we take a file gid_File_A, that belongs to gid_Module_B, and has to be installed into directory gid_Dir_C. If the module is selected in the user defined installation, the file has to be installed. Then it is necessary for the setup, to create the directory gid_Dir_C. If the module is not selected, the file has not to be installed and, if there is no other file in gid_Dir_C, this gid_Dir_C must no be created.
Some directories have to be created empty. As in the example above the directory gid_Dir_Share_Autocorr has the flag CREATE. This flag means, that the directory shall be created, even though there is no file in it.
Apache Feather


text:
Carcassonne (Occitan: Carcassona) is a fortified city in the South of France. It was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997.
The Sarrasin occupation provided inspiration for one of the best-known legends of the Middle Ages…
The emperor Charlemagne laid siege to Carcassonne, then ruled by the Sarrasin king Ballak, who was succeeded after his death by his wife, "Dame Carcas". The town had already been under siege for 5 years when famine overcame the last of its defenders. So alone Dame Carcas kept watch from the ramparts. To give the illusion that the city remained well guarded, she made straw figures and dressed them as soldiers and fired arrows at the besieging army.
All that remained in the town was a little pig and one sack of wheat. Dame Carcas fed the pig with all the wheat and then threw it from the ramparts! At the sight of such a well fed fat animal, the amazed assailants concluded that the inhabitants had plenty of food and probably weren't going to surrender any time soon. Charlemagne called off the siege in despair. But before the huge army had quite disappeared Dame Carcas rang the bells of the city to celebrate victory.
Many believe that Dame "Carcas sonne" (Dame "Carcas rings") is where the name of the city came from. Dame Carcas is now memorialized in a neo-Gothic sculpture near the Narbonne Gate…
First signs of settlement in this region have been dated to about 3500 BC. The hill site of "Carsac" (Celtic name) became an important trading place in the 6th century BC. Carcassonne became strategically important when Romans fortified the hilltop around 100 BC.
The fortification consists of a double ring of ramparts and 53 towers.
The entrance has a drawbridge and the walls have towers built over quite a long period. One section is Roman and is notably different from the medieval walls with the tell-tale red brick layers and the shallow pitch terracotta tile roofs. One of these towers housed the Catholic Inquisition in the 13th Century and is still known as "The Inquisition Tower". Today there is a museum "Musée de la Torture", which shows some of the original torture equipment employed by the Catholic Church. The narrow winding lanes of the City also have many Restaurants, Cafes, souvenir shops etc.
Restoration: Carcassonne was struck off the roster of official fortifications under Napoleon and the Restoration, and the fortified cité of Carcassonne fell into such disrepair that the French government decided that it should be demolished. A decree to that effect that was made official in 1849 caused an uproar. The antiquary and mayor of Carcassonne, Jean-Pierre Cros-Mayrevieille, and the writer Prosper Mérimée, the first inspector of ancient monuments, led a campaign to preserve the fortress as a historical monument. Later in the year the architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, already at work restoring the Basilica of Saint-Nazaire, was commissioned to renovate the place.
In 1853, works began with the west and southwest walling, followed by the towers of the porte Narbonnaise and the principal entrance to the cité. The fortifications were consolidated here and there, but the chief attention was paid to restoring the roofing of the towers and the ramparts, where Viollet-le-Duc ordered the destruction of structures that had encroached against the walls, some of them of considerable age. Viollet-le-Duc left copious notes and drawings on his death in 1879, when his pupil Paul Boeswillwald, and later the architect Nodet continued the rehabilitation of Carcassonne. Viollet-le-Duc's achievement at Carcassonne is agreed to be a work of genius, though not of the strictest authenticity.
Carcassonne is a popular tourist destination and has around 3 million visitors a year... See our favourite Hotels in Carcassonne

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Grammarphobia Blog
Franglais speaking
Q: I am a physician who frequently attends professional meetings where the first syllable of "centimeter" is often pronounced SAWN as opposed to SEN. The former strikes me as the old syndrome of Frenchifying a word that's English despite its Gallic origin. Am I correct?
A: Yes, you're correct.
The word "centimeter" entered English two hundred years ago as a borrowing from the French centimètre. It means one-hundredth of a meter, and the roots of the French word are centi (a prefix for "hundred") and mètre ("meter").
However, "centimeter" is now an English word. There's no reason to pronounce it as if it were foreign. We don't pronounce "toilet" as twa-LAY.
Besides, the words "cent" and "meter" entered English many centuries before "centimeter" was adopted from French in 1801, so they were already long familiar to English speakers.
The word "cent," ultimately from the Latin centum, was used in English to mean "hundred" before the year 1400, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. And the derivative "percent" entered the language in the 1500s.
"Meter" has been an English word since at least as far back as the ninth century, according to the OED.
It comes partly from the Latin metrum (meaning poetic meter or an object used for measuring), and partly from the Greek metron (poetic meter, measure, rule, length, size).
Obviously, there was never any reason for "centimeter" to retain a French pronunciation.
We've written before about the tendency of some English speakers to impose French (and even faux-French) pronunciations on what are now firmly established English words.
Take "niche," for instance. We wrote a blog item last year about the relatively recent appearance of the Frenchified NEESH pronunciation in English.
Our book Origins of the Specious has a whole chapter on fractured French, with many examples of the peculiar lexical relations between English and French.
Check out our books about the English language


Cure Terms Glossary
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to flow. It is a measure of the internal friction within the fluid (i.e. the friction between the molecules themselves). Increasing intermolecular bonding or increasing molecular weight (which multiplies the intermolecular associations) increases the viscosity. Strictly speaking the measure is the coefficient of viscosity although common usage reduces it to just viscosity.
The (coefficient of) viscosity is the tangential force per unit area between two horizontal planes, unit distance apart, within the fluid. In SI, the basic unit of this coefficient is that where a force of one Newton is required to maintain a velocity differential of 1 m/s between surfaces of 1 m square positioned 1 m apart.
Coefficient of viscosity η = (shear stress) / (shear rate)
The shear stress is 1 N/m2 and the shear rate is in reciprocal seconds (s-1), and thus the SI unit for coefficient of viscosity (equivalent to 1 Ns/m2) is the Pascal.second (Pa.s).
In the c.g.s. system, the basic unit is the Poise which is equivalent to 0.1 Ns/m2. Thus the conversions factors are,
1 Pa.s = 10 Poise (P)
1 Pa.s = 1000 centiPoise (cP), or 1 cP = 1 mPa.s
The viscosity of water at 20°C is 1.002 mPa.s (1.002 cP). Examples of liquids with a viscosity in the region of 1 Pa.s could include an unsaturated polyester resin for hand lay-up or a polyether triol for flexible slabstock foam.
In real systems the shear rate may not be consistent across the moving liquid (e.g. see figure below), and the absolute viscosity may be defined according to the equation,
τ = ηdν/dh
where τ is the shear stress and ν the laminar velocity at height h in the flowing liquid.
Absolute viscosity is also called dynamic viscosity. Dynamic viscosity is important in oscillating systems (i.e. where v varies with time). In oscillating systems, the dynamic viscosity is frequency dependent (decreases with increasing frequency).
Steady-flow viscosity can also show rate dependencies. The intermolecular associations can take several forms (e.g., dipolar associations, entanglements, etc.) and, if these cannot reform as fast as they are disrupted by the flow, then the viscosity will become dependent on the shear rate (decreases with increasing shear rate). Where the viscosity is independent of the shear rate, the behaviour is called Newtonian: where dependent on the shear rate the behaviour is non-Newtonian. In the non-Newtonian (shear thinning) region, the basic equations take on a power-law relationship, e.g.,
shear stress = m(shear rate)n
where m has units of and is called the consistency index.
At any given shear rate, the ratio (shear stress) / (shear rate) is still a viscosity - but this is now termed an apparent viscosity. With non-Newtonian materials, common practice is to extrapolate the (shear stress) / (shear rate) plot back to zero shear rate and quote a hypothetical zero-shear viscosity. Most polymers exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour - the higher the molecular weight the earlier the likely onset.
At gelation, the steady-flow viscosity becomes infinite.


Technology 3 min read
3D-Printed Third Thumb Enhances Your Human Abilities
The Third Thumb | Danielle Clode |
The Third Thumb | Danielle Clode |
Danielle Clode has designed a prosthetic thumb that's not intended to replace a lost thumb. Instead, it's a wearable that augments overall dexterity for anyone–even you!
The arrival and advancement of new tech such as 3D printing are driving prosthetics to go beyond providing solutions for people with unfortunate physical disabilities.
Designers are rethinking the way prosthetics are made and used, in order to improve the physical performance of humans and increase their capabilities.
#3Dprinted _TAG_ makes you better.Click To Tweet
The Thumb-Driven Progress of the Human Civilization
Let's take a minute and think about the most important of human digits: the thumb.
Have you ever considered what it'd be like without that independent finger?
The thumb is morphologically different from other fingers, and is the most mobile, endowing the hand with "prehensility", or the ability to hold and seize objects.
Ask any woodworker who lost a thumb on the table saw, and they'd tell you it's the most challenging of finger amputations, as it alters their life forever after.
There's a reason why humans and primates, occupying respectively the first and second places on the intelligence podium, are the only species to have thumbs.
The two most intelligent species on the planet have opposable thumbs.Click To Tweet
The thumb has played a significant throughout the history of humanity. Had the thumb been absent, or placed elsewhere, humans' dexterity would have been dramatically reduced.
Without the thumb, even the most basic tasks that involve hands would be challenging, like grasping objects and making things. We would never have invented complex tools or machinery. Sciences and arts would have remained at an embryonic stage–intelligence notwithstanding.
We can speculate and say that for an alien civilization to thrive, they need limbs that act as our hands and fingers for "intelligent" tool making and using.
Dani Clode's Extra Thumb That you Don't Think you Need
Founded by New Zealander Dani Clode, a grad student at London's RCA (Royal College of Art), DaniClodeDesign is a UK-based startup specialized in product design and industrial design.
"Prosthesis" comes from Ancient Greek, and it means "addition", or "extension" and not "replacement". Taking this definition literally, Clode designed prototype prosthesis, called "The Third Thumb, that doesn't fix a disability but enhances ability.
third thumb
The Third Thumb | Danielle Clode
Acting as a body augmentation, the Third Thumb is thought of as a wearable that enhances the ability to perform tasks with hands, such as grasping things, playing music, or using the keyboard.
The Third Thumb, which wraps around the wrist, is made of a flexible, 3D-printed material, and is powered by two servomotors to replicate the dynamic motion of the real thumb.
As they would with car brakes or piano pedals, the wearer use their toes to press down two sensors retrofitted in their shoes. This pedal communicates with the thumb via Bluetooth.
The Third Thumb was a winner of the Helen Hamlyn Creativity Awards.
Three Thumbs up to Dani Clode!
Of which finger would you want an extra?
First AI Web Content Optimization Platform Just for Writers
Found this article interesting?
Profile Image
Zayan Guedim
Comments (0)
Most Recent most recent
share Scroll to top
Link Copied Successfully
Sign in
Sign in with Google Sign in with Facebook
By using our site you agree to our privacy policy.


text:
Area: 214, 970 km2
Location: Between 1° and 9° North Latitude and 57° and 61° West Longitude
Official language: English
Ethnic groups: African, Amerindian, Chinese, East Indian, European, Mixed, Portugese
Religions: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Baha'i Faith
sugar, cash crops, gold, diamonds, timber, rum, bauxite
Map of Guyana (Printed by Guyana Geology and Mines Commisson)
Detailed maps (multimap.com)
of Guyana (Texas University)
Guyana is divided into four natural regions, the low coastal belt, the hilly sand and clay region, the interiour savannahs and the forested highlands.
The coastal zone is narrow and consist mainly of clay and is about 2 m below sea level. It is about 6% of the country's area and is the location where most of the administrative, agricultural, industrial and residential activities are concentrated.
The hilly sand and clay region is found just after the coastal belt, most of it is covered with vegetation, the region is known for its reserves in bauxite. This area takes up about 25% of the total area of the country and is sparsely populated, the major population centre is Linden a town of 26,000 people.
The interior savannahs account for almost 6% of the country's area and is vegetated mostly by grasses, scrub and low trees. The population there is largely made up of the Indigenous peoples living mostly in remote villages, with Lethem being the only town.
The forested highlands make up for approximately 63% of the country's landmass. There are four major mountain ranges in this region, Kanuku, Pakaraima, Imataka and Acarai. This region along with the savannahs are Pre Cambrian land forms which are very old. The soils under the forests are heavily weathered laterite and are covered by heavy forest cover.
Guyana sits on the equator,
and so has a warm tropical climate, with two major seasons:
rainy and dry. Rainfall varies throughout the country, in the coast it
has an average of 2,300 mm anually, in the forested regions this goes as
high as 3000mm, and in the savannah 1600 mm. The temperature varies between
34°C and 16°C, with the mountainous regions experiencing the lowest


text:
About the twelfth century the possibility of sharing contemplation by means of preaching and other forms of apostolic activity began to be considered. This point of view was exemplified in the mixed life (contemplative and active) of the mendicant orders and was expressed in the formula: contemplata aliis tradere ("to transmit to others the fruits of contemplation").
In discourse more sweet,
(For Eloquence the Soul, Song charms the sense,)
Others apart sat on a hill retir'd,
In thoughts more elevate, and reasoned high
Of Providence, Foreknowledge, Will and Fate,
Fixed fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute;
And found no end, in wand'ring mazes lost.


text:
Cut the paper towel tube to the desired length and glue on feathers according to the type of bird being depicted.
Twist and mold the chenille stems so that they resemble the head, beak and feet of the assigned bird. Leave ends of the stems free so that they can be attached to the tube.
Teachers, using a sharpened pencil or other pointed object, poke small holes in the tube where the chenille stems will be attached.
Poke the ends of the molded stems (head, beak and feet) through the holes. If possible, twist to secure. If not, use a dab of glue.
Allow to dry, then bend the chenille stems so that the bird can balance on its legs and so its head is in the correct position.
Using the last chenille stems, bend them in a webbed foot shape and twist the rest up the legs for stability.
Adult supervision is required at all times. Save cardboard paper towel tubes.
Birds are more mobile than other animals because they can fly. Define migratory and non-migratory birds, explaining that many birds migrate when the seasons change. Each bird species prefers certain climates and needs certain temperatures, water and food to survive. Help the students to make a list of the birds in their communities. Are these birds around all year? When do some birds arrive or leave their communities? Where do they migrate to? To complete this unit of study, have the students choose their favorite bird and create a 3-D model of their bird.


the unit is still operating. Almost all suppliers of both synthetic and petroleum-based heat transfer fluids offer analytical testing of fluid condition at no-charge. This important service monitors fluid condition over time and gives an early warning should action need to be taken to replace, reprocess, or filter the fluid. Environmental. Comparing environmental and personnel guidelines is just as important when selecting a heat transfer fluid chemistry as comparing fluid performance. In general, all heat transfer fluids do not present an appreciable health hazard when used in accordance with acceptable manufacturing practices. However, the petroleum-based fluids offer substantial advantages in ease of handling, reprocessing, shipping and disposal as compared to the synthetics. For one, most hot oils do not have a reportable spill quantity, and in the cases of the white mineral oils, meet the FDA and USDA criteria for 'incidental food contact'. Also, the petroleum-based fluids do not form hazardous degradation by-products, therefore most spent hot oils can be sent to a local oil/lube recycler for disposal. Finally, the hot oils tend to warrant no special handling precautions, are not DOT regulated, and require no special storage requirements. From a personnel standpoint, the hot oils are extremely user-friendly. Most have a non-discernible odor and are non-toxic both in contact with skin and ingestion. Because of the aromatic-based chemistry of most of the synthetics, some fluids can form hazardous degradation by-products that require special permits, handling and shipping precautions. Some synthetics and their vapors may cause skin and eye irritation after prolonged exposure, and emit pungent odors. In some cases, spills of synthetic fluids require reporting under the Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act. Since there is a wide range of chemistries available within the aromatic group, not all fluids have similar properties and environmental/personnel concerns. Regulations and precautions vary from fluid to fluid. Cost. As a general rule, the higher the bulk fluid temperature a fluid is rated, the higher the cost of the fluid. The synthetics rated for use above 650°F are two to three times more expensive than the average hot oil rated to 600°F, while aromatics rated from 600°F to 650°F are one and a half to two times the cost of the average hot oil. Which Chemistry Is The Best? Chances are one fluid chemistry is not superior to the other in every criteria required by a new process or retrofit. Both fluid chemistries have advantagesthe aromatics offer superior heat transfer efficiency and stability at elevated temperatures coupled with serviceability and adequate pumpability, while the hot oils have a significant cost and environmental/personnel advantage. Identification of the primary criteria required by a new process or the main improvement goal desired in a retrofit will prioritize the criteria by importance. Is the goal more output and/or shorter production runs? A personnel/environmentally friendly system? Longer period of time between shutdown and fluid replacement? By first selecting the fluid chemistry that best solves the big picture, comparisons of individual fluids within the group should solve the little ones.
Specifying Heat Transfer Fluid For Food Processing Applications
By Pete Frentzos, Radco Industries Inc. Defining "food grade" and a new set of regulations from NSF International make it easier for process engineers in food manufacturing to choose a heat transfer fluid. Until recently, the term "food grade" has been used loosely to describe heat transfer fluids that are suitable for food processing applications. It has not been a term that specifically describes heat transfer fluids in their stated use but was an inference made from other regulations. There was an enthusiastic salesperson who would take a drink of fluid to prove to his customers eth validity of this inference. While possibly valid, it's not recommended.The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Washington, under a wide range of regulations, defines the food additive status of a number of products, but not specifically heat transfer fluid. One can refer to Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) online (see sidebar "See for Yourself"). These chemicals are listed under part 170 subsections. It covers additives designed for indirect food additives, secondary food additives, indirect food additives of a specific chemical family, and so on. Because the same chemicals can be part of a heat transfer fluid product line, this became one of the standards called "food grade." Founded in 1944 as the National Sanitation Foundation, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich., is known for the development of standards, product testing and certification services in the areas of public health, safety and protection of the environment. NSF became involved when the USDA decided that it would no longer maintain its list. At first, NSF acted as record keeper to ensure the list was available for review. Now, the organization has taken an active role to refine the list. NSF created the Non-Foods Compound Group to define the use of heat transfer fluid, fluid additives and lubricants, as well as other materials, separately for their specific applications.Likewise, until recently, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, had its own regulations, which included mineral oils used as machinery lubricants and release agents to prevent meat from sticking to grills. The reference, H1 status, was used to indicate that the oil was acceptable for use in meat and poultry establishments and could have incidental food or feed contact. Again, these same mineral oils can be part or all of what is used as a "hot oil" for heat transfer. Kenji Yano, program manager of the nonfood compounds registration program explains, "The term 'food-grade' is not used. …Instead 'incidental contact' (HT1) is used as opposed to 'nonfood contact' (HT2) compounds." NSF keeps this list online, on CD and in its "White Book," which is published annually.
Qualifying Fluids and Specific Uses
When to use which type of heat transfer fluid depends on the requirements of the application.
Whether you choose FDA or NSF as your current guide, there are many fluids from which to choose. As an example, within the following chemistries are select fluids that are safe for "incidental food contact" — brine, potassium formate (KF), polyalphaolephin (PAO) and highly refined, severely hydrogenated paraffinic white oils. Both PAO and white oil chemistries are heat transfer fluids sometimes referred to as "hot oils." When to use which one depends on the requirements of the application; each has its own advantages and temperature ratings (table 1). When HT1 must be specified is easy to understand. If there is any chance of incidental food contact, it should be a requirement, even if not regulated, as a matter of good manufacturing practice. It is good economics, too. For example, a packaging line heats adhesive with heat transfer fluid. The adhesive is used to seal frozen food packaging. If a leak occurs in the heat exchanger, it could go undetected for a long time, and any premium paid for "incidental food contact (HT1)" fluid wouldn't seem like much compared to a hundred thousand units of contaminated packages. There also is the matter of storage and overall production standards. The heat transfer fluid used should complement the environment where it is required. When the temperature requirement of the application exceeds 600oF (316oC) or surface temperatures on the heat exchange surface exceeds 650oF (343oC), the type of heat transfer fluid rated for incidental food contact should not be specified. At this point, the white oils, the highest temperature rated product of the group, do not have the thermal stability required for a long life. (There is some debate on this exact temperature, but 600oF bulk operating temperature is a good conservative number to work with.) In this case, aromatic/synthetic fluids or other high temperature fluids are the only choice.
Beyond Food Use
Not every application needs to be in food processing to use HT1 fluids. A good example is the die-cast industry. The molds are heated, cooled or held at steady temperatures using heat transfer fluid. When the molds are opened or changed, some heat transfer fluid typically leaks from the inner chamber. The leaking fluid is captured for disposal, but this involves employee exposure to the fluid. HT1 fluids made from white oils are easy to handle because they are nontoxic and nonirritating to the skin. The lack of odor also results in fewer employee complaints. Due to the efforts by NSF International, process engineers, specifying engineers, maintenance engineers and technicians now can take advantage of a simple and straightforward guide for the type of fluid they want. There is no need to rely on a sales pitch or to sort through the voluminous FDA regulations and guess if a fluid really qualifies.
Sidebar: Heat Transfer Fluids and Kosher Foods
Another specifying consideration in food processing is the need for kosher heat transfer fluid in applications that manufacture kosher products or products to be used in kosher foods. Even though heat transfer fluid is not put into the food directly, it must be kosher under the kosher laws that refer to heating a product through a common wall (in this case, a heat exchanger). Rabbi Sholem Fishbane of the Chicago Rabbinical Council (CRC), a kosher overseer agency, explains that this is an important requirement. Kosher laws state that this type of heating causes a mixture of flavors. Under kosher law the "spiritual flavor" will go through the metal and affect the liquid on the other side. If the kosher product is heated by a fluid that is not kosher, explains Rabbi Fishbane, this spiritual flavor will contaminate the kosher product. The concept of the mixing of flavors can lead to some interesting engineering issues. If a plant is broiling kosher chickens with a heat transfer fluid system and using the same fluid to process animal fats that contain pork in


text:
(LA Times) — Serving hot food on melamine tableware could increase your exposure to melamine, a study released Monday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine suggests.
Melamine, an industrial chemical used in everyday items such as cooking utensils, plates, paperboard and industrial coatings can apparently seep into food when it's heated, the study said.
In two separate tests, researchers from Kaohsiung Medical University and Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital in Taiwan served a dozen participants about two cups of hot noodle soup in melamine bowls and ceramic bowls. After participants ate out of the melamine bowls, the levels of melamine in their urine peaked six hours later, up to about 8 parts per billion, before tapering off later in the day. Those who ate out of ceramic bowls had on average less than 2 parts per billion. Researchers suggested some of the melamine detected after eating from the ceramic bowl was actually leftover melamine from first eating from the melamine bowl.
A person can have up to 2,500 parts per billion of melamine in their blood before it poses a health risk, according to the Food and Drug Administration.
It was unclear if the amount of melamine measured during the study was significant, researchers said, but they cautioned that long-term exposure to the chemical could pose health risks.
The World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded in 1999 that there was sufficient evidence that melamine can act as a carcinogen in animals, but inadequate evidence it acted the same in humans.
Overall, the FDA considers the amount of melamine the public is typically exposed to from tableware is safe. Still, the agency cautions consumers not to heat food or drinks in melamine-based dinnerware in a microwave.
Melamine was the chemical behind a 2008 health scare in China, when melamine-tainted baby formula killed six children and sickened 300,000 others. There were up to 2.5 million parts per billion of melamine in those samples.
©2013 Los Angeles Times
Visit the Los Angeles Times at _URL_
Distributed by MCT Information Services


Home » Biology » Difference Between Epidemic and Pandemic
Difference Between Epidemic and Pandemic
Difference Between Epidemic and Pandemic
Both epidemics and pandemics are words that are used to describe the widespread of diseases.
What is an Epidemic?
An Epidemic is generally defined as the process of rapidly spreading of infectious diseases within a short period of time into a large number of people in a given population and spread over to several countries or continent.
An Epidemic is derived from a Greek word which refers to upon or above people.
Bubonic plague, Cholera, Influenza, SARSand Smallpox, are some of the common examples of Epidemics.
Also Refer: Symptoms of Various Diseases
What is Pandemic?
A pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease. A pandemic is a larger version of an epidemic. In other words, when an epidemic goes out of control, it is known as a pandemic. If an epidemic covers many countries spreading through continents, it is likely to be a pandemic. There are different types of pandemics.
HIV or AIDS is one of the best examples for the most destructive global pandemics in history.
The main causes of Epidemic and Pandemic are the pathogenic or harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and other parasites that can spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another through the air, water, and other modes of transmissions.
Also Refer: Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases
Let us look at the differences between epidemic and pandemic given in a tabular column below to understand both these terms in-depth.
Epidemic vs Pandemic
An epidemic is an outbreak of disease that affects many in a population and begins to spread rapidly.Pandemic is a larger epidemic. A pandemic covers several countries or spreads from one continent to another.
An outbreak of disease is considered an epidemic if it affects a certain number of people within a short period of time, typically within 2 weeks.In pandemic outbreaks, the number of people affected or killed doesn't matter as much as the rate of spread and how far it has spread.
One of the few examples of epidemic diseases is the West African EbolaA few examples of pandemic diseases are HIV AIDS, Asian Influenza and Cholera
This was a brief introduction to Epidemic and Pandemics.
Learn more in detail about Epidemic and Pandemic and other related topics on infectious diseases @ CoolGyan's Biology


Man and Earth's Best Friend
By: Shani Lewis | February 11, 2021
Shani Lewis, VP of Environmental Issues YU Democrats
Everyone knows that a dog is man's best friend, but did you know that a dog is also Earth's best friend? Dogs have an enhanced ability of smell, in fact, their sense of smell is 10,000 times stronger than a humans.
Wildlife conservationists use dogs to help track down dangerous wildlife. Jaymi Heimbuch, a specialist in wildlife conservation, wrote that dogs are able to "[sniff] out invasive species like giant snails in the Galapagos or [detect] disease in beehives, dogs' noses can be put to work in searching out what shouldn't be there so that humans can act. Dogs are able to sniff out particular plant species, pointing ecologists to tiny patches of invasive mustard so that the plants can be removed before they take over an area."
This is a tremendous aid to wildlife conservationists who, according to Heimbuch, are only able to identify dangerous species of plants by sight when they are in full bloom. Which is ultimately too late since most plants once they are fully bloomed will spread their deadly nature to the wildlife around them. In addition to finding dangerous plants in wildlife, dogs are also able to sniff out endangered species, helping conservationists find and protect these species.
According to CNN, the dogs are trained to identify the endangered species from their feces. Many species have been saved, such as the San Joaquin kit fox, gray wolves, cougars, bobcats, moose, river otters, American minks, black-footed ferrets and even the North Atlantic right whale. With the help of dogs, conservationists around the world have been able to eliminate dangers to nature and protect wildlife that is endangered. Who knew man's best friend would also be a friend to Earth?
*** ***


text:
At EXCLUSIVE COZUMEL SAILING, our priority has always been to fulfill the dreams of our clients and have an unforgettable experience ; their safety and that of the crew being our main objective.
We stablished these protocols and prevention procedures before, during and after daily operations catamarans.
This protocol is a tool for applying risk prevention, control and reduction measures.
Protocol of prevention, safety and hygiene measures for collaborators:
- At the entrance and exit of the boat, wear glasses, gloves and wash your hands before the start of activities.
- Mandatory use of face masks from the moment the client is received until the moment of dismissing him.
- Maintain a healthy distance between collaborators and between collaborators and clients.
- It will perform takes temperature and daily log of it, if you have a temperature equal to or greater than 37. 5th, will be sent to the employee to his home for monitoring medical.
- Access or stay on boats will not be allowed in the presence of one or more of the following symptoms: cough, fever, headache, sore throat, runny nose and red eyes.
- Physical greeting is prohibited, maintaining the rules of cordiality and good manners among collaborators and towards guests.
Operation and coexistence
All collaborators should wash their hands for 20 seconds after each activity performed and before beginning any operation.
- As a mandatory rule, they must perform glasses assembly work, as well as wash their hands for 20 seconds after completing the activity.
- Employees must disinfect surfaces in the path of customers. (bar, tables, seats, bathrooms, kitchen)
- Each collaborator will be responsible for the disinfection process of their area in charge, for which they must have the disinfection material.
- The kitchen should be maintained at all times with covered food, items in place, and a sanitized table after use.
- At all times, staff must maintain a healthy distance from each other, as well as avoid waving.
- Spitting or releasing bodily fluids outdoors is strictly prohibited. In the event of a sneeze or cough, you must agree to the guidelines and labels.
- All items for daily use should be washed and disinfected.
Protocol of prevention, safety and hygiene measures for bar and kitchen.
It continues the current applications of NOM 251 and other previously established nomas.
Food reception is handled according to established standards and in an assigned disinfection area.
- Before operation, all kitchen work areas are washed and disinfected with biodegradable products authorized for cleaning and disinfection.
- Kitchen helpers at all times must wear mouth covering equipment, hair netting and gloves at all times.
- Cleaning and disinfection of trash cans, as well as containers used for this purpose.
- The kitchen should be kept at all times with food covered, objects in place, and a sanitized table after use.
- Food preparation tables, as well as utensils used, are kept clean and disinfected.
- Employees from outside the kitchen are not allowed at any time during the operation.
- All utensils used for the production of beverages are previously washed and disinfected.
- All the glasses are washed and disinfected.
- All canned products and glass containers are cleaned and disinfected before being used or served.
- Wash hands frequently.
Clients must comply with the protocols established in the infographic to guarantee their safety and that of the collaborators.
- The client must position himself on the ground marks where the healthy distance between them is indicated.
- The capacity of the boat will be governed by what the state traffic light marks at the time of the trip.
- Upon the client's arrival, the person in charge of receiving it requests the client to read the infographics of the safety and hygiene protocol for boarding the ship, as well as the application of antibacterial gel.
- The client performs the disaffection of the footwear on the access rugs.
- The SESA self-declaration test for acute respiratory infections is applied to each client.
- Readings and temperature log will be taken from customers who wish to board the ship.
- Any reading of 38 ° or higher will be a suspicious case of COVID.
- In case the first reading reflects 38 °, the reading should be repeated.
- If the reading is positive, it will be channeled to the doctor for review and care.
- In case of COVID symptoms: symptoms such as shortness of breath, the client will be invited to visit the doctor for review and care.
- An internal communication code will be established for a suspected case.
Protocol of prevention measures for sea guide
- The sailor guide must supervise at all times that the client complies with the established guidelines.
- In case of non-compliance, only a reminder will be made in a friendly and kind manner in defense of the safety of all.
Protocol of prevention, safety and hygiene measures for snorkeling equipment
The sailor: is responsible for keeping the snorkeling equipment clean (vests, masks, fins and tube).
- They are washed and disinfected with authorized biodegradable products.
- The equipment dries in the sun.
- They are provided to the customer directly by the crew.
- Instructions for use are given and a healthy distance is recommended.
Prevention, safety and hygiene protocol measures for bathrooms
Being a contact risk area, the controlled income will be kept.
- There is an exclusive bathroom for collaborators.
- Hygiene measures are increased for all surfaces: knobs, doors, handles, paper dispensers, alcohol, soap, toilets, seats, levers, sinks, sinks, trash cans, mirrors, switches, floors: doubling the cleaning frequency and disinfection.
- A frequent disinfection mop will be performed.
- The disinfection process starts from less dirty areas to the more dirty.
- Mangoes are disinfected frequently.
- They must have enough material to exchange and disinfect paper, disposable paper towels.
- Trash will be removed daily.
All materials for daily use must be disinfected at the end of the day and protected in the assigned space: mop, shawls, rags, sprays, etc.
This protocol will be open to constant changes and updates according with our estatal authorithies.


text:
The Board's Committees
The Board's Committees
ACTIVELY INVOLVED COMMITTEES PREPARE FOR THE BOARD MEETINGS
The Board's discussions and decisions are assisted by the work performed by its Committees, which report to it after each of their meetings. The remits of each Committee are described in detail in the Internal Rules of the Board of Directors. The Committees were again given responsibility by the Board for preparing its decisions in 2019. The Board's Committees act strictly within the framework of the remits given to them by the Board. They prepare actively for its work and make proposals but they do not have any decision-making powers.
- Providing insight, through its analyses, into the strategic orientations submitted to the Board.
- Monitoring the implementation and advancement of significant operations in progress and ensuring that the main financial balances are maintained.
- Examination of the main strategic lines of development, options or projects presented by the General Management, and their economic and financial consequences, opportunities for acquisitions and financial transactions liable to significantly change the balance sheet structure.
- Verification of the integration of the Company's commitments with regard to Sustainable Development, in light of the challenges specific to the Group's business activities and its objectives.
- Examination of the proposed strategic orientations defined by the Board with a view to consultation of the Central Works Council.
- Monitoring of the process for preparation of financial information.
- Monitoring of the statutory audit of the annual and consolidated accounts by the Statutory Auditors.
- Review of the audit plans and the Statutory Auditors' work programme and the results of their audits.
- Monitoring of the Statutory Auditors' independence.
- Approval of non-audit services.
- Monitoring of the efficiency of the Internal Control and risk management systems.
- Warning role with regard to the Chairman of the Board in the event of detection of a substantial risk which in its view is not adequately taken into account.
- Task of monitoring the Group's main risk exposures and sensitivities.
- Review of the programme and objectives of the Internal Audit Department and the Internal Control system methods and procedures used.
- Annual review of the section of the Management Report on risk factors and Internal Control and risk management procedures.
- Reflections and recommendations to the Board with regard to the methods of performance of General Management and the status of the executive officers.
- Issuing an opinion on proposals made by the Chairman of the Board of Directors for appointment of the Chief Executive Officer, where applicable.
- Preparation of succession plans for the executive officers in the event of an unforeseen vacancy.
- Proposal to the Board of new Directors.
- Examination of the classification as independent Director which is reviewed by the Board every year.
- Verification of the due and proper application of the Code of Corporate Governance to which the Company refers (AFEP-MEDEF Code).
- Discussion on governance issues related to the functioning and organisation of the Board.
- Conducting the reflection process with regard to the Committees that are in charge of preparing the Board's work.
- Preparation for the decisions by the Board with regard to updating its Internal Rules.
- Making proposals relating to the remuneration of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and that of the Chief Executive Officer, where applicable.
- Setting of the total amount of Directors' fees to be submitted to the Annual General Meeting and the method of distribution.
- Determination of the policy for Long-Term Incentive plans, in particular through plans for free grants of shares or performance shares (ACAs).
- Monitoring of the Human Resources policy: employee relations, recruitment, diversity, etc.
- Monitoring of the application of the Code of Ethics in the Company.


text:
Tianyun Society's Kunqu Opera Opern
Tianyun Society is a Kunqu Opera singing organization (without makeup and acting) boasting a long history. The society was originally founded in Wuxi during Tianqi and Chongzhen Period of Ming Dynasty (1621—1644) by the name "Wuxi Kunqu Club". In 1920, the organization determined its name as "Tianyun Society". The conventional activities of the society were once interrupted due to the Counter Japanese War (1937—1945) and revived after the victory. However the irresistible aging and successive passing away of the members made the society gradually lost its activity. The 1950s finally witnessed the dissolution of Tianyun Society.
 is a set of materials specially compiled for the society's practical use. Revised and transcribed by Wu Wanqing(1847—1927), a chief of the society, The first edition of the opern was printed and published in 1921 by the national musician Yang Yinliu(1899—1984). The opern provides a large amount of both popular and rare opera highlights in humble handwriting. With the distinguishing features of some time-honoured Kunqu Opera notations well conserved and recorded, the opern was recognized as a valuable piece of reference for Kunqu Opera studies. The book begins with Wu Wanqing's essay , which brings forward eight notations to identify the methodologies of pronunciation and phonological process: U、从、巳、吳、△、戈、□、閉. These notations are recognized as the prime standard and theoretical basis of Tianyun Society's Kunqu Opera singing practice. To emphasize that, the cover pattern of this new edition are created based on Wu Wanqing's handwriting of these notations.
Editor: Rongli Lv
Editorial Design: Jiayan He
Publish: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House


text:
Confidentiality has become a weapon in the White House's war on the press, a war fought with the unwitting complicity of the press itself. In this hard-hitting inside story, Norman Pearlstine takes us behind the scenes of one of the most controversial courtroom dramas of our time, and shows that the conflict between reporters and their sources is of great consequence for the press – and for the country as a whole.
When Pearlstine – as editor in chief of Time Inc. – agreed to give prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald a reporter's notes of a conversation with a "confidential source," he was vilified for betraying the freedom of the press. But Pearlstine shows that "Plamegate" was not the clear case it seemed to be. For a generation, Watergate and the publication of the Pentagon Papers have been the benchmark incidents of government malfeasance exposed by a fearless press. As Pearlstine explains with great clarity and brio, the press's hunger for a new Watergate has made reporters vulnerable to officials who use confidentiality to get their messages out, even if it means leaking state secrets and breaking the law. Prosecutors appointed to investigate the government have investigated the press instead; news organizations such as The New York Times have defended the principle of confidentiality at all costs – implicitly putting themselves above the law. Meanwhile, the use of unnamed sources has become common in everything from celebrity weeklies to the so-called papers of record.
What is to be done? Pearlstine calls on Congress to pass a federal shield law protecting journalists from the needless intrusions of government; at the same time, he calls on the press to name its sources whenever possible. Off the Record is a powerful argument, with the vividness and narrative drive of the best long-form journalism; it is sure to spark controversy among the people who run the government – and among the people who tell their stories.


text:
Alphabet > Letter
P is for Police Officer
*Police Officer Headband Hat & Badge
*Suggestions for making a police officer vest.
Other craft links
Holidays and Events
May - third week >
June > National
October > Crime Prevention Week
> Crime Prevention
Activity #1: Resources for
Learning about the role of the Police Officer and Crime Prevention
Activity #2: Crafts: Police Officer Hat
Let's Make a Police Officer Hat
and Badge to Honor the Police Officer an Important Community
Helper - Discuss the Letter P is for Police Officer
To pay tribute to the police officer and their dedication to serve
and protect the community, the children will assemble a simple
police officer hat and wear a badge. Children love to
dress up and do dramatic play, and this will be a welcomed and fun
Instructions for the Police Officer Head band hat and badge:
1. Select your choice of color or black and white template for
the hat and badge. I would recommend the black and white
templates because these can be colored to match the uniform
colors of the police officers in your community. Older
children may be able to help cut the large hat template.
2. Ahead of time, cut a band
about 1 to 1 1/2 inches wide and 22 inches long approx. from construction paper
or card stock. Once you print the template there is enough
paper left over on the right side to cut three strips/bands and then
tape together to form the long band as illustrated in the template.
3. The hat and badge will be assembled during the alphabet P
presentation below. Optional: Add a police
vest made with a large paper grocery bag and glue the
finished badge to it.
Other great Police Officer related crafts at DLTK's:
Officer TP Roll Craft: Young children love
puppets and this craft can be used as teacher aid to present the
activities. Make one ahead of time. Tell the children
they will make their own police officer.
A paper tube is not needed to make it, simply fold the body piece in
half, glue and have the children glue the other body parts,
attach a craft stick to hold as a puppet.
Paper Craft with Police Officer Hat: If the children
love Blue from the Blue's Clues preschool TV program, then this is
the winner and is easy for children 2+ and older.
3. Make a simple police vest using a large paper grocery
bag. With the bag opened, make a large round opening on the
bottom for the head and cut the bag open along the front. Make
round holes on the sides for arm holes. Close and lay the bag
flat and children can paint the front using tempera paint and using
a sponge. Cut a long strip of black construction paper
to form a belt - just for the front where is painted, and glue on
bag when the paint is dry. Attach the badge and the vest is
ready to wear.
Activity #3: Letter P is for Police
Officer Lesson Plan Activities and Printable Materials
Indicate the letter P is in the hat as
well as in the badge.
Crafts at DLTK's:
Officer TP Roll Craft
Paper Craft with Police Officer Hat


text:
We've known for some time that keeping indoor plants in our living and working spaces improves our mental and physical health.
Plants improve our concentration and make us more productive. They generate happiness and make us smile. They reduce stress and improve relationships, and give us more energy so we can perform our daily tasks better. They help us retain information, heal faster, and lower our heart rate and blood pressure.
When combined with the benefits of feng shui, plants shine!
Feng shui is the ancient practice of using shapes and forms to influence our sense of well-being. Based on the eight cardinal directions that represent different aspects of life, we can use the living energy of plants to achieve certain goals around the office:
Boost Energy. Because plants are living, breathing beings they bring life to an otherwise still environment.
Balance Energy Levels. In feng shui there are areas associated water, metal, earth, fire, and wood. Plants boost the energy level associated with wood (e.g. office desks) and can weaken an area associated with water (less wasted time around the water fountain perhaps?).
Improve Relationships. In an office environment, we can't always choose with whom we spend the majority of day. The feng shui of office flowers and flowering plants can boost the good energy in relationships to produce a more harmonious environment.
Learn Faster. Science has proven that plants increase learning. Feng shui suggests that the "lucky bamboo" when placed four at a time in an area can increase learning abilities that help workers perform better.
To learn more about increasing your office success with plants and Feng Shui, we suggest reading more from The Spruce or talk with one of our plant experts here at Plantique.


text:
This research project aims to explore the relationship between national identity, attitudes towards gender roles and medium of instruction in the Kazakhstani context.
This research discusses the violation of the right to education of disabled children in Semipalatinsk in the context of the post-Cold War. The author argues that there was a missed generation of children with disabilities of the 90s, as they did not have or had limited access to education.
The research explores how gender and social inequities are produced by a language in school textbooks on the History of Kazakhstan. Particularly, textbooks in the Kazakh and Russian languages are compared. Using the multimodal approach to discourse analysis, we investigate how texts and images interplay to represent gender for school children.
This study explores the work of local NGOs within the education sector and the contribution education makes towards peacebuilding and social cohesion in Kazakhstan.
The politics of languages in education: issues of access to education and labour market participation of minority ethnic groups in Kazakhstan
This research aims to investigate the influence of different language policies and reforms on educational and the economic situation of minority groups, specifically of Uzbek groups in Kazakhstan since gaining independence.


text:
(Canary Islands Juniper) is a species of juniper, native to the western Canary Islands (Tenerife, La Palma, Gran Canaria, Gomera) and Madeira (J.
cedrus Webb & Berthel. subsp. maderensis
(Menezes) Rivas Mart.
& al.), where it occurs at
altitudes of _PHONE_ m. It is closely related to Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniper) of the Mediterranean
(Azores Juniper) of the Azores
It is a large shrub
growing to a height of 5-20 m (rarely 25 m). The
needle-like, in whorls of three, green to glaucous-green, 8-23 mm
long and 1-2 mm broad, with a double white stomatal band (split by
a green midrib) on the inner surface. It is usually dioecious
, with separate male and female
plants. The seed cones
-like, green ripening in 18 months to orange-red
with a variable pink waxy coating; they are spherical, 8-15 mm
diameter, and have six fused scales in two whorls of three; the
three larger scales each with a single seed
The seeds are dispersed when birds
cones, digesting the fleshy scales and passing the hard seeds in
their droppings. The male cones are yellow, 2-3 mm long, and fall
soon after shedding their pollen
It is endangered
in its native
range due to a combination of historical felling for the valuable
wood, and overgrazing by goats
. It has been
fully protected since 1953 and populations are very slowly
recovering. Historical reports suggest trees up to 30 m tall
occurred in the past; trees over 10 m are very rare now and
confined to inaccessible cliffs.
occasionally grown as an ornamental
tree in warm temperate climates, including New Zealand, the British Isles and California, but is not common in cultivation.
also some small experimental plantations
on the Canary Islands, where it has shown fast growth in good
conditions, reaching about 14-15 m tall in 40 years.
References and external links


text:
Too Much Space Junk Makes Astronauts Sleep in Escape Pods
Photo credit: NASA
Creating trash seems to be a top skill among humans, even in space. The massive amounts of space debris has become increasingly a cause for concern, even prompting DARPA to ask everyone for their ideas on how to decrease what's out there orbiting around Earth. But now it's also an increasing concern for the astronauts on the International Space Station, who recently had to sleep in escape pods while a piece of potentially dangerous debris floated past. And it won't be the last time they have to do that. According to Daily Tech, "Due to the space debris, the crew had to sleep in two Russian Soyuz craft designed to be escape pods -- the actual trajectory of the debris was unknown, causing even more alarm from mission operators. It turned out, according to space officials, that the debris didn't come close to the ISS after all, but the decision to order the crew into the Soyuz escape craft was still a good idea."
The fact that it was close enough that the crew slept in the pods is telling. As more debris orbits the planet along with the ISS, there will be more instances of nights spent in the pods. It is enough of a concern that scientists are even looking into nanotechnology for ways to deflect space junk.
And in a (relatively speaking) miniscule effort to help, The United States Air Force has decided to earmark $500 million in 2010 to track space junk in orbit. That, combined with clever ways to clear it out (and minimize what ends up in orbit??), could help keep astronauts safe - and slightly more comfortable while sleeping.


text:
Address: Pungart 4000 Kranj
Medieval Kranj was fortified with a city wall in the 15th-century. Two main city gates and two smaller gates provided access to the city. On the north side along today?s Maister Square (Maistrov trg), the double Upper City Gate was protected by a high tower that can be seen in a depiction from 1649. In front of it and the S section of the double wall was a deep and wide moat, traces of which are still preserved at the Jahavčev Passage and behind the former Špitalski Tower.


text:
Join us Thursday, April 22, 2021, at 9 am CDT, 10 am EDT, 3 pm BST, 7:30 pm IST
As an IT leader, you know there is a need to create a future-ready IT talent base, but what is the best approach and what will yield results? Most enterprises currently struggle to create a sustainable workforce strategy.
In this webinar, Everest Group's analysts will discuss the key principles of a holistic IT workforce strategy, and practical considerations to successfully bring it to life.
If you're an executive in a business that develops IT workforce strategies, you will gain valuable insights from our expert analysis, including answers to questions such as:
- Why are current IT talent development initiatives not yielding the desired outcomes?
- What are the foundational elements of an effective IT workforce strategy?
- What are the key considerations and best practices to execute on the strategy?
Who should attend?
This session will help the following leaders evaluate and elevate their IT strategies:
- C-suite leaders across IT and business processes
- Senior IT leaders
- IT HR heads
- IT workforce strategy leaders
- Winning the War for Talent: An Enterprise Guide to Building a Sustainable Workforce Strategy
- Charting the Skilling Journey to Build the IT Services Talent of Tomorrow: Replacing the Commodity IT Services Role Definitions
- The Future of Talent in Quality Assurance
- Talent Readiness for Next-generation IT Services PEAK Matrix™ Assessment 2020: Closing the Demand-Supply Gap
- Digital Transformation | Preparing for the Future of Talent
Chief Research Officer


text:
scala> df.rdd.getNumPartitions res6: Int = 8 scala> df.coalesce(1).rdd.getNumPartitions res7: Int = 1 scala> df.coalesce(1).explain(extended = true) == Parsed Logical Plan == Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Analyzed Logical Plan == value: int Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Optimized Logical Plan == Repartition 1, false +- LocalRelation [value#1] == Physical Plan == Coalesce 1 +- LocalTableScan [value#1]
CoalesceExec represents Repartition logical operator at execution (when shuffle was disabled — see BasicOperators execution planning strategy). When executed, it executes the input
child and calls coalesce on the result RDD (with
Please note that since physical operators present themselves without the suffix Exec,
CoalesceExec is the
Coalesce in the Physical Plan section in the following example:
output collection of Attribute matches the
CoalesceExec is about changing the number of partitions not the internal representation).


text:
Definition of tinta. Meaning of tinta. Synonyms of tinta
Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word tinta. Also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word tinta and, of course, tinta synonyms and on the right images related to the word tinta.
Definition of tinta
tintaTent Tent, n. [Sp. tinto, properly, deep-colored, fr. L.
tinctus, p. p. of tingere to dye. See Tinge, and cf.
A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or
Malaga in Spain; -- called also tent wine, and tinta.
Meaning of tinta from wikipedia


Child support and requesting a modification in Pennsylvania
Child support and requesting a modification in Pennsylvania
| Aug 10, 2020 | Divorce |
Family law issues in Pennsylvania can be difficult to navigate. This is especially true when children are involved. If there is a child support order, the custodial or noncustodial parent might, at some point, want it to be modified. Understanding the details involved in requesting a modification is imperative.
The fundamental parts of child support modifications
There are requirements when requesting a child support modification, and they apply regardless which parent is asking for it. A modification is possible if there is evidence that the paying parent, the obligor, has had a drastic change in income, or the child's needs have changed. The custodial parent who is receiving support payments might need a change to the order if education costs have increased, or the child's medical expenses have risen dramatically, and insurance does not cover it. There are time constraints dictating when the review can take place.
The difference between a custodial and noncustodial parent requesting a change
The custodial parent is advised to request a modification if the supporting parent's income has risen significantly, or the child's financial needs have markedly increased. Asking for frivolous reasons, like wanting to make an unnecessary purchase, is unwise. Noncustodial parents should ask for a modification if their income has substantially decreased for any reason. The court will need evidence of this before allowing a modification, so it is crucial to have proof.
Legal assistance may be essential
It is common for parents to request a child support modification. The key to having it approved is gathering sufficient evidence and adhering to the legal requirements. Consulting with a firm that has experience in all aspects of family law and child support can provide guidance and advice with modification requests.


Names Searched Right Now:
Willy Wonka & Severus Snape: Alliteration in kids' book names
They snap, crackle, and pop—which is one reason why alliterative names are so widely used for the characters in children's stories—from nursery rhymes like 'Wee Willie Winkie' to picture books like Mike Mulligan's Steam Shovel to Young Adult book characters like Harry Potter's Luna Lovegood.
 Here, the distinguished name scholars Don and Alleen Nilsen present some of the many examples of alliteration, consonance, rhyming and other wordplay they have found in the names of kid-lit characters.
We were just pondering The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss, Leo the Late Bloomer by Robert Kraus, The Tale of Benjamin Bunny by Beatrix Potter, Peter Pan by James Barrie, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl, and Maniac McGee by Jerry Spinelli and we were wondering how often authors repeat the sounds of their vowels and consonants in their character names.
We soon thought about Lewis Carroll's Pig and Pepper, his Frog and the Footman, and his Tweedledum and Tweedledee, and this led our thoughts to The White Knight and Humpty Dumpty two more characters from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Then we thought of a set of characters in Norton Juster's The Phantom Tollbooth that includes The Duke of Definition, the Minister of Meaning, the Earl of Essence, and the Count of Connotation.
The protagonist in Yann Martel's The Life of Pi is Piscine Patel. His name is shortened to Pi Patel, and he has to explain to people that pi is 3.14 as he draws a large circle and slices it in two with a diameter to evoke a basic lesson of geometry.
In Sherman Alexie's The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, there is a John-John. In Cynthia Kadohata's Weedflower there is a Takao who goes by the nickname of "Tak-Tak." In Robert Cormier's After the First Death there is a General named Mark Marchand, and in his The Chocolate War, there is Larry LaSalle who changes his name to "Lieutenant Laurence LaSalle" when he becomes famous. In Polly Horvath's The Canning Season, there is a character named Aunt Pen Pen, and one named Ratchet Ratchet Clark.
In Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game, the only girl in the Salamander Army is named Petra Arkanian, but she is called Baby Butt and Petra the Poet by her friends and in the Lemony Snicket books, two of the guardians of the Baudelaire children are named Montgomery Montgomery, and Dewey Denouement.
In How Angel Peterson Got His Name, Gary Paulsen has a character named Orvis Orvisen. M. E. Kerr has a character named Dinky Hocker (who shoots smack), and another character named Mud Rudd. A new boy at school named Duncan is first called Doomed as an insult, but this name gets lovingly changed back to Duncan and it ends up as DuncKerr also has characters named Little Little, Belle La Belle, Carolyn Cardmaker, Dirtie Dotti, Buddy Boyle, and Gloria Gilman (nicknamed Gee Gee). In Louis Sachar's Holes there is Derrick Dunn (the bully), and Zig Zag, and Barf Bag, not to mention Kissin' Kate, and Stanley, whose last name is Yelnats (Stanley, but backwards). In Where the Sidewalk Ends, Shel Silverstein has a character named Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout, who would not take the garbage out.
But the best author we know of for using alliterated character names is J. K. Rowling. In the Harry Potter books, there are teachers named Filius Flitwick, Minerva McGonagall, Madeye Moody, and Severus Snape, and House founders named Godric Gryffindor, Helga Hufflepuff, Rowena Ravenclaw and Salazar Slytherin, and students named Cho Chang, Dedalus Diggle, Viktor Krum and Luna Lovegood. And they encounter other people named Bathilda Bagshot, the Bloody Baron, Dudley Dursley, Gellert Grindelwald, and ghosts named Moaning Myrtle and Nearly Headless Nick.
In fact, the Harry Potter books are based on an acronymic onomastic riddle or Riddle, since the vowels and consonants of Tom Marvolo Riddle can be turned into "I am Lord Voldemort."
Don and Alleen Nilsen, former co-chairs of the American Name Society, are Professors of English at Arizona State University and the authors of an interesting book that further explores this subject, Names and Naming in Young Adult Literature, (The Scarecrow Press, 2007).
What do you think of alliterative names? Would you use repeated first and last initials for your child's name?
Follow nameberry on twitter!
Become a fan on facebook!
Read & Post Comments


their colour, flavour and texture. Pretreating also shortens rehydration time and extends shelf life.
Some of the processes for pretreating fruits and vegetables are:
 - Fruit juice soaking. Cut your fruit into slices and soak them for 3-5 minutes into the juice of a lemon, orange or lime. Be aware that this pretreatment will possibly alter the taste of your fruits.
 - Sulfite Dip. For long-term storage, this method works wonders. However, experts do not recommend it for people with asthma or sulfite allergies or sensitivities.
 - Ascorbic Acid. This pretreatment is efficient in stopping browning and does not alter the taste of fruit. Soak sliced fruit into a mixture of one teaspoon of powdered ascorbic acid and two cups of water. Keep inside for 3-5 minutes.
 - Dipping your vegetables in boiling water then moving it fast to cold water can help maintain colour and taste.
Dehydrating Certain Foods
Dehydrating Certain Foods
First, make sure the sauce you want to dry does not have big chunks of tomatoes or any other food in it. If it does, but you love that sauce, then blend it. Spread the composition on a nonstick sheet or parchment paper in a slim, smooth coat. Drying can take up to eight hours at 135°F.
If you want to speed up the process, at about five hours, flip the sauce. In the end, you should have a pliable coat of food that is not by any means gluey.
Grains, rice and pasta
Cook rice and grains as you would usually do. Dry them at 145°F for six to twelve hours. They should be super hard but breakable into pieces. Be careful with the temperature! While rice and grains might dry at lower heat levels (125°F) some bacterias survive this warmth (such as Bacillus cereus).
Cook the pasta ordinarily, drain it, then spread evenly on the dehydrator trays. It should be ready in about six to twelve hours, at a temperature of 135°F.
Dehydrating Fruits
Dehydrated fruit can be an excellent, healthy snack, but you can also add them to your breakfast, mixing them with oatmeal. When drying fruit, you should know that different methods work for different types of fruit.
For examples, bananas, apples, and kiwi dehydrate better when sliced into thin pieces. Pineapple is tastier when cut into small pieces. Raspberries and blueberries dry as a whole, while you can blend fruit mixture to create fruit leathers.
Whatever fruit you have, dehydrate it in a single layer at 135°F. Timing depends on the type of fruit. Apple, for example, dries in six hours. However, dehydrating berries might not be the most exceptional idea, as it can take multiple days.
Test the fruit before storing it by cutting a few pieces in two and squeeze. There should not be any moisture or water coming out.
Vegetables, just like fruit, dry differently depending on their consistency, size, and way of eating. Fibrous vegetables or the ones you would cook before eating should be steamed or blanched before dehydrating. Some examples are corn, carrots, potatoes of any kind, asparagus, etc. Soft vegetables do not need this pretreatment (mushrooms, zucchini, spinach, etc.).
Slice your vegetables into tiny pieces or slices, except corn, peas, and spinach that do not need to be relocated. Using frozen veggies can save you a bunch of time, as they are already sliced and thawed.
The right temperature for vegetables is 125F, and they will take between four and twelve hours to dehydrate, depending on the vegetable and the machine you are using.
Meat and seafood
Dehydrating Meat and seafood
Using canned or pressure-cooked chicken is the best option for improved rehydration. Before drying, wash and dry the canned chicken.
If you decide to cook the meat yourself, do it at 165F, then tear it apart, rinse and dry it. Spread the chicken evenly and dry at 145F. It should be ready in 6-12 hours.
Ground Beef
Ground beef works best with breadcrumbs and dried seasonings. Cook the mixture over medium-high heat, constantly breaking it apart. Once cooked, chop the composition into smaller pieces and sponge with a paper towel to absorb as much fat as possible. Spread the mixture evenly and dry at 145F, 6-12 hours. You can blot the meat again once in a while.
Cook medium-sized shrimps (or buy precooked, frozen ones, but thaw them before drying). Then slice them into small pieces. Spread evenly and dry for about six hours at 145°F.
Storing Dehydrated Food
Storing Dehydrated Food
Harmony House Foods
Before storing the dried fruit, you should take the time and condition it. What does conditioning mean? It is simple, place the cold, dried fruit into an airtight non-plastic container. Let it sit for a week while constantly checking for condensation. If there is any moisture, place the fruit back into the dehydrator. Shake the container to keep the pieces from sticking together.
If there are any signs of mould, throw everything away. If there is no sign of moisture, condensation or mould after one week, you can go ahead and store the fruit.
The whole point of dehydration is to keep food away from moisture to make it last longer. Therefore, you should make sure that the food is completely cool, that the containers are dry and that your hands are clean.
For short-term storage, you can use a zipped bag and place it in the fridge. Before taking the food out of the bag, let it adapt to room temperature to avoid condensation. Do not use this method to store food for more than two weeks.
For a longer period, store your dried food in airtight containers (preferably glass), in a dark and dry place.
One of the best methods for long-term storage is vacuum sealing. Some bags and jars can go through this process. It removes all the oxygen from the container. This way, the food will last longer and will be safer to eat. Another option is using a Mylar Bag, which has an oxygen absorber.
Food For Camping
Dehydrating may take some time, but the result is worth all the fuss. We are not only saving money, but we also contribute to saving the Planet. The process itself is simple, and if you thought about rehydrating your food, do not even worry! You only need water and a source of heat. The fastest way is to soak and simmer, but boiling in a bag works, too (mainly if you use Mylar bags to store the food).
Make sure you stay safe and dehydrate your food in proper conditions. If you do so, enjoy your trip with warm, tasty food!


text:
Innovation as socio-technical configuration: Towards a relational approach for exploring effects and side-effects of energy innovation
Titus Udreaa, Michael Ornetzedera, Tanja Sinozic-Martineza, Steffen Bettina
a Institute of Technology Assessment, Austrian Academy of Sciences
Innovation certainly is a key element for a successful energy transition. However, mission-oriented innovation is not only about achieving specific normative goals; it also needs to address negative side effects and risks at an early stage in order to be able to take appropriate measures. Technological innovation matters in society, but what is an adequate explanation of its various implications? What actually causes these effects, how are they manifested, and how can they be managed and controlled? How does a technology, process, or product innovation have a specific effect in one context and another one in another context? This paper addresses these questions by investigating the societal implications of innovations for the energy transition in a new relational framework. In this context, it is essential to avoid undesirable side effects of innovations and to explore and discuss broader societal implications and risks from early on. For this, we propose an approach that shifts the focus from technologies in society to technologies in use. We conceptualize technologies in use as socio-technical
configurations of interrelated material and discursive elements. Effects and side-effects are then the results of the specific relations between these elements. In the paper, we briefly present our approach and discuss its empirical and methodological implications using the example of alternative configurations for decentralized renewable power generation.


text:
The taxonomy and seasonal population dynamics of some Magela Creek flood plain microcrustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda)
Technical Memorandum 18
Supervising Scientist, 1986
ISBN 0 644 01349 4
- The taxonomy and seasonal population dynamics of some Magela Creek flood plain microcrustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) (PDF 1398 KB)
About the report
Six Magela Creek floodplain billabongs were sampled between September 1981 and January 1983 to determine the seasonal population dynamics of littoral and limnetic microcrustaceans. Thirty-seven cladoceran and four copepod species were identified amongst littoral weedbeds and several unidentified harpacticoid copepods and ostracods were also found. By comparison only 6 cladoceran and 4 copepod species were found in limnetic areas.
Littoral species generally attained their highest densities during the mid-Wet to Early-dry seasons. The number of open water species present in samples generally increased with the progression of the Dry season. Towards the end of the Dry season, a simplification of the limnetic species assemblage occurred in some billabongs, perhaps in response to adverse changes in water quality.
A guide to the cladoceran and copepod species found so far in the area is provided.


text:
|The Gilmore Commission recognized that America has great opportunities to strengthen its domestic preparedness if different sectors can work together in partnership to overcome traditional barriers. The ReadyCommunities Partnership has held meetings across the country to identify these barriers and highlight examples of where community leaders have come together to solve challenges that require cooperation at all levels.
Communities such as Galveston and Charleston face potential threats and disasters each year to their port operations and exposure to natural storms. Both communities have a long history of collaboration, partnership and problem solving between sectors. Other communities and cities also are examples of forging partnerships across boundaries, yet often don't know how to develop solutions to certain problems.
The National Congress for Secure Communities and the National Blueprint are ways that communities can exchange ideas and highlight their best practices and learn from each other, to develop new tools to help prepare and meet the challenges of terrorist attack or disaster. America's domestic security is only as strong as the weakest community - but working together, communities and their businesses, organizations and citizens can help strengthen America by preparing for the first critical 72 hours of a national or large-scale crisis.


text:
Unlike human royalty, a species of octopus that thrives in frigid Antarctic waters has actual blue blood, and scientists think they've figured out its advantage: The key is a blue-hued protein called hemocyanin—which Phys.org notes is comparable to hemoglobin in vertebrates, and which distributes oxygen throughout the body—that makes it not only a literal blue-blooded creature but also uniquely equipped to survive extreme temps on both ends of the spectrum, according to the journal Frontiers in Zoology. Researchers found hemocyanin is efficient in a range of temperatures and, as one puts its, undergoes "functional changes to improve the supply of oxygen to tissue at sub-zero temperatures."
Studying three octopus species, including two from warmer climates for comparison, the researchers found that all pump hemolymph, a blood-like fluid that contains high levels of hemocyanin, reports Discovery. The octopus in Antarctica, however, has as much as 40% more hemocyanin than the other two species, which puts it among the highest ever reported. And because it transports oxygen between the animal's gills and tissue even more efficiently when temps are above freezing, it's able to tolerate warmer temps associated with climate change far better than other animals in the area, not to mention hang out in relatively warmer shallow waters, unlike most octopuses. (The octopus also boasts the longest-known brooding period of any animal on the planet.)


text:
Lignin-fueled photoelectrochemical platform for light-driven redox biotransformation†
The valorization of lignin has significant potential in producing commodity chemicals and fuels from renewable resources. However, the catalytic degradation of lignin is kinetically challenging and often requires noble metal catalysts to be used under harsh and toxic conditions. Here, we report the bias-free, solar reformation of lignin coupled with redox biotransformation in a tandem structure of a BiVO4 photoanode and perovskite photovoltaic. The tandem structure compensates for the potential gap between lignin oxidation and biocatalytic reduction through artificial Z-schematic absorption. We found that the BiVO4-catalyzed photoelectrochemical oxidation of lignin facilitated the fragmentation of higher molecular weight lignin into smaller carboxylated aliphatic and aromatic acids. Lignin oxidation induced photocurrent generation at the photoanode, which enabled efficient electroenzymatic reactions at the cathode. This study successfully demonstrates the oxidative valorization of lignin as well as biocatalytic reductions (e.g., CO2-to-formate and α-ketoglutarate-to-L-glutamate) in an unbiased biocatalytic PEC platform, which provides a new strategic approach for photo-biocatalysis using naturally abundant renewable resources.


text:
It refers to the statistical material which the investigator originates for himself for the purpose of the enquiry in hand. In other words, it is one which is collected by the investigator for the first time e.g. if the cost of living of workers in a city are to be computed, then the information regarding the facts collected by the investigators or enumerators would be termed as Primary data. In India there are various agencies which collect primary data e.g.. National Sample Survey (NSS), State Level Economic and Statistical Departments etc. When we use primary data, it is called raw material. According to Wessel, "Data originally collected in the process of investigation are known as primary data."
- Degree of accuracy is quite high.
- It does not require extra caution.
- It depicts the data in great detail.
- Primary source of data collection frequently includes definitions of various terms and units used.
- For some investigations, secondary data are not available.
- Collection of data requires a lot of time.
- It requires lot of finance.
- In some enquiries it is not possible to collect primary data.
- It requires a lot of labor.
- It requires a lot of skill.


Space Programs
Early American Programs
What were Gemini spacecraft like?
The Gemini spacecraft were larger than the Mercury spacecraft and could hold two astronauts. The Gemini vessels also had maneuvering thrusters and were capable of changing orbits, linking with other spacecraft, and precisely controlling their reentry and landing. Gemini was a very successful program, though Gemini 8 came close to disaster.


text:
Who are eligible for support from the State in paying health insurance contribution? Is there different between allowances for groups? How do students pay health insurance contribution and receive support from the State?
Article 4 of the Government's Decree No.146/2018/ND-CP dated October 17, 2018 stipulating and guiding the implementation of measures to enforce some articles of the Law on Health Insurance gives specific guidance for groups of people who are supported by the state budget to pay health insurance contribution, including:
1. People belonging to near-poor family based in the near-poor criteria as regulated by the Government and the Prime Minister.
2. Members of multi-dimensional poor family based who are not listed in cases prescribed at Point a, Clause 9, Article 3 of this Decree.
4. Members of agricultural, forestry, fishery, and salt-making family based who have an average living standard according to the regulations of the Government and the Prime Minister.
* Article 8 of the Decree stipulates:
1. Since this Decree became effective (December 1, 2018), the state budget supports certain groups of people in health insurance payments as follows:
b) Supporting at least 70 percent of contribution for those specified in Clauses 1 and 2, Article 4 of this Decree;
c) Supporting at least 30 percent of contribution for those specified in Clauses 3 and 4, Article 4 of this Decree. 2. In cases where a person belongs to many groups receiving support as stipulated in Clause 1 of this Article, he/she shall enjoy the highest support level.
3. The People's Committees of centrally-run cities and provinces shall rely on the capability of local budgets and other legal sources, including 20 percent of the funding specified at Point a, Clause 3, Article 35 of the Health Insurance Law (where possible) to build and submit to the provincial People's Council to decide the level of support for health insurance contribution higher than the contribution support level specified in Clause 1 of this Article.
* With regard to contributions of pupils and students to health insurance, the Decree's Clause 5 of Article 9 stipulates:
a) On a periodic basis, every 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months, pupils and students, or parents or guardians thereof, shall be responsible for paying health insurance contributions on their part as prescribed in Clause 2 of Article 10 hereof to social insurance agencies;
b) The state budget shall give support as follows:
- Health insurance contributions of pupils and students studying at educational institutions or vocational training establishments affiliated to ministries and central bodies shall be supported by the central budget. On a periodic basis, every 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months, provincial-level Social Insurance agencies shall make general reports on the number of health insurance cards which have already been issued, contribution amounts collected from pupils and students and contribution amounts supported by the state budget by using the Form No.1 of the Appendix to the Decree and send them to the Vietnam Social Security (VSS). The VSS then prepares a consolidated report for submission to the Ministry of Finance in order to transfer the state budget's support amounts to the health insurance package in line with Clause 9 of this Article.
- Health insurance contributions of pupils and students studying at educational institutions or other vocational training establishments shall be supported by the budget of the local jurisdictions where these educational entities are located, irrespective of registered permanent residences of pupils and students, including the central budget allocations (if any). On a periodic basis, every 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months, social insurance agencies shall make general reports on the number of health insurance cards which have already been issued, contribution amounts collected from pupils and students and contribution amounts supported by the state budget by using the Form No.1 of the Appendix to the Decree, and send them to the financial authority in order to transfer state budget expenditures used for supporting health insurance contributions to the health insurance package in accordance with Clause 9 of this Article.
Work Injury and Occupational Disease
Medical (Health Insurance)
Certificate of coverage
Talkshow "Viet Nam and the world" - ASSA 35 Viet Nam


forklift safety
Lifting and rigging safety
Lifting and rigging work is considered a high hazard task.
Protect yourself, your coworkers and the people around you while performing any hazardous type of work–on the job or at home.
Lifting and rigging incidents
The first type of incident regarding lifting and rigging is some type of breakage of a sling, wire rope, or chain resulting in a dropped load. While these type of incidents usually have the most severe consequences, there are often many other types of less severe incidents that cause the majority of injuries or property damage.
Safe work practices
 - Inspect all rigging prior to using it for a lift.
The safety of our employees, customers, contractors, suppliers, visitors and the community is of the utmost importance to us.
Work safe. Farm safe. Home safe.™