Killifish - Nothos Killifish
The Nothobranchius killifish come from East Africa. They are annual fish, meaning they live for around a year. This is because in the wild, their habitat consists of temporary pools. These pools are created by seasonal rains and dry up when drought comes. Thus the fish die having left behind their eggs buried in the river/lake bed. During the dry period the eggs develop and when the rain returns, filling up the pools again, the embryos hatch.
Nothobranchius cardinalis Killifish
Nothobranchius cardinalis
Nothobranchius hassoni Killifish
Nothobranchius hassoni
Because of the unpredictable weather, the fry grow fast, reaching maturity within a few weeks and reproduce. Not all survive but this does not end the population. The eggs go through several distinct stages in their growth, including resting periods called diapause. Some of these embryos will either stop for a while, or at least slow down significantly in their development. Because of this some will not be ready to hatch for some time after their siblings and in this way there are always eggs ready to hatch whenever the rains come.
Nothobranchius guentheri Killifish
Nothobranchius guentheri
Nothobranchius guentheri Killifish
Nothobranchius guentheri
The descriptions on these fish vary greatly. As a general description goes, they have slightly compressed elongated bodies with the anal fin and dorsal fins set well back and wide caudal fins with a round edging. Their coloration varies from pink, white, silver, maroon, red to orange, yellow and many other colors. The East African annual fish are thought to be one of the most beautiful fish in the world. More often than not, the colors are combined, creating beautiful coloration. Among the different varieties of killifish there is the, Guentheri from Zanzibar Island, rachovii from Mosambique and the Eggersi from Tanzania.
Nothobranchius rachovii Killifish
Nothobranchius rachovii
Nothobranchius rachovii Killifish
Nothobranchius rachovii
The Nothobranchius killifish prove to be interesting to fish hobbyists. Caring for the Nothobranchius is not all that hard but they do require a little extra attention than the common Aphyosemion Killifish species.
A minimum aquarium of 10 gallons (37.8 liters) is required for every three fish of any of these species. They prefer soft water, with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5 and a water temperature of 70-80 F (21-27 C). Decorations, including live aquarium plants and rocks, set up in a way that would provide shelter when needed helps in making an ideal home for these fish.
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus Killifish
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus Killifish
Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus
They are considered to be peaceful fish and can be kept with other killis as well as other fish that tolerate the same water conditions. More than one male is not advised to be kept in a 10 gallon aquarium as they tend to fight. If more than one male is to be present in the aquarium then it should be 20 gallons (75.7 liters) or more. The fish of the Nothobranchius species grow between 1.5 - 2.5 inches, depending on the specific species.
A wide variety of food is accepted, although small live food, like brine shrimp and grindal worms is much more preferred.
To identify the genders, notice that the male is the more colorful one and the female is more of a silvery colour or sometimes, with less colour and duller than the male.
To breed them, try and imitate their natural habitat the best you can. This, as in other fish species, helps encourage spawning. Using peat for substrate in the aquarium, they will breed and bury their eggs in it, as they will with mud that is used in the wild. The pair will dive in to the substrate and the male will press the female against a hard surface of the peat, in this way releasing the sperm and eggs. This process will be repeated a couple of times within a few minutes, resulting in hundreds of eggs being laid. The peat should be taken out and left to dry. Not too dry or the eggs will die, just enough to leave the peat damp. Thereafter place it an air tight package (so that it cannot get any dryer) and leave it to stand for about three months.
Nothobranchius kirki Killifish
Nothobranchius kirki
Nothobranchius rubripinnis Killifish
Nothobranchius rubripinnis
By doing this you will be mimicking the drought period in their natural habitat. It is in this dry period which the killifish eggs will develop. When the "drought" is over the aquarium in which the fry is to be raised should have peat for substrate and java moss for cover. The peat should be kept wet in the tank for a week or so and whatever fry it contains removed. The peat should again be taken out and dried for a week. Thereafter wet again for a week or so and by this manner the process should be repeated until you are positive that there are no eggs left. It takes a long time and can be a hard process. Any questions can be put to Tom on the Fishlore forum.
Killifish Care
Scientific Name: Nothobranchius sp.
Common Name: African Annual Fish
Care Level: easy to medium
Size: between 1.5 - 2.5 inches (4 - 6 cm)
pH: 6 - 6.5
Temperature: 70-80 F (21-27 C)
Origin / Habitat: Africa - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa. They live in small pools that come with the rains.
Lifespan: Most likely longer lived in aquariums, 1 - 2 years possibly longer
Temperament / Behavior: Can become territorial with males of their own species, but are usually peaceful with most other tank mates.
Tank Mates: Other similarly sized fish species that are have similar water requirements.
Diet: A variety of foods should be offered including brine shrimp and grindal worms.
Tank Size: A minimum of 10 gallons (~38 liters)
Gender: See article above. Males are usually more colorful.
Disease: Nothobranchius sp. are heavily infested with parasitic flukes in the wild, so quarantine for all new arrivals is recommended.
Fish Lore Forum: Killish Forum
References / More Info / Recommended Reading:
Photo Credit: Andreas Wretstrom
Killifish on Wikipedia
About the Authors:
Sabi and Tom


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Have you ever wondered about where Christmas trees are grown before you're able to buy them in your local area?
Learn more today directly from Michigan farmer Tom Trechter!
The Q&A with Tom included:
- What does a Christmas tree farmer do on a regular basis throughout the year?
- What makes the perfect holiday tree?
- How long, and when, is a sale season for Christmas tree farms?
- Where is the farthest a Michigan farmer sells trees?
- What other products are marketed from a wholesale farm like Tom's?
- Why is a real tree a smart idea for this year's holiday decor?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


precision.
 Figure 7.
Model Transformation: a new analysis
Let's review what we've learned so far from our system.
 - Seems stable,
 - capable of oscillations,
Bsas2012-modeling-eqt1.jpg (12)
This is better because now ξ is constant when:
 1. AAa reachs steady state.
The same argument is valid for μ.
Bsas2012-modeling-eqt2.jpg (13)
Now we must find differential equations that describe their dynamic.
For example: Bsas2012-modeling-eqt3.jpg (14)
Bsas2012-modeling-eqt4.jpg (15)
Bsas2012-modeling-eqt6.jpg (transf_model)
The model with m=j=1 is in the Appendix.
 - This system has 4 solutions. The only physical one, is the one we already know: equation (3) in the old variables.
 - If ξ = k_max, the culture again reaches a SS, but the fraction χ is indeterminate.
 - We can plot the nullclines, see where they meet and do a quick stability test by checking the sign of the vector field around the FP.
Figure 8. Nullclines for the reduced model in the new variables χ, ξ and μ.
Stability of the regulation.
Oscillations Revised
The oscillations in Figure 7 correspond to the model where the Hill coefficients are set to 1. Though we tried, we couldn't manually find a set of parameters and i.c. for which the model with the correct Hill coef. presents oscillations.
Is this always the case? Could we find the answer using the new variables?
We found a tendency by sampling random values p,ε from the region where the eigenvalues are complex and i.c. χ0, ξ0, μ0. The next example is representative of our findings:
 1. γ= {-0._PHONE_, -0._PHONE_ - 0._PHONE_ I, -0._PHONE_ + 0._PHONE_ I} with m,j =1
 1. γ with m,j >1
There is a bifurcation that leads to stable trajectories in the second case; we haven't found it.
The next figure shows some of the i.c. for which damp oscillations exist in the first case.
Figure 10. Oscillations in the fraction of each population when the AAs are initially saturated.
Figure 10 presents the oscillations obtained for χ0 = 0.3, 3, 9 in black,red and blue. We varied the initial total population through n0= 1:2,1:20,1:200 for each χ0 and found little variance in such case.
The more distintive characteristics of the oscillations are
 1. AA must be initally saturated.
 2. Huge period!
 3. Dependance with the initial fraction χ0 but not on the intial dilution n0.
Parameter selection
 - The Ks found in the equations are related to the concentration of AAs in the medium required to reach half the maximum rate of growth. Curves OD vs [AA](t=0) were measured experimentally for each amino acid and the data fitted to a Hill equation (16) using MATLAB's TOOLBOX: Curve Fitting Tool.
This data from Growth dependence on the Trp and His concentrations(link) and the best fit obtained for each are shown below on Figure 11.
Bsas2012-modeling-fig aux.png
The data's best fit is also shown.
The values taken from the fits are
His- :
 K_dil = 0.3279
 ODmax = 62.53
 n = 1.243
 R-square: 0.9376
Trp- :
 K_dil = 0.1770
 ODmax = 57.46
 n = 1.636
 R-square: 0.9905
 - K trp= 0.1770 * 5.88e16 AA / ml.
 - K his= 0.3279 * 7.8e16 AA / ml.
 - The competition within a strain and with the other where taken as equal. The system's general carrying capacity taken in the model is the one often used here[ref], in a lab that works with these yeast strains:
 - Cc= 3e7 _TAG_/ml.
 - The death rate was taken between 3 and 7 days.
P_MAX = 2.16e8 1/ cell hour
 - p his = p*2.16e8 AA / cell hour
 - d trp= 2.630e7 AA / cell
 - d his= 6.348e8 AA / cell
Model : SS solution
1. Nt -> 0
2. Bsas2012-modeling-eqsol1.png
3. Bsas2012-modeling-eqsol3.png
Transformed Model: SS
Steady state
1. Sol2
2. Sol3
3. sol4
4. The model obtained when m=j=1 differs:
However the solutions remain.


text:
Getting Started Playing Bass?
Here are my top rules to help you get started playing bass:
- Buy a metronome
- Don't practice without it.
- Find a bass instructor. If you can't find one, keep
practicing until you do, and then work with an
- Practice everything slowly at first, and gradually
bring the exercises up to speed. Those bad habits will
be hard to break later.
- Learn to read standard notation. If you only learn
tab, it will become your enemy.
- Learn everything. Learn all the songs you hear and
know. You never know when you'll have to learn 20 cover
tunes in two days--it'll help if you're familiar with 19
of them beforehand.
- Keep an open mind and learn all styles. You think
you'll never need to play samba or
tumbao or have a feel for the clave?
Well, there's not much that will get your 16ths tighter
than learning a a tumbao rhythm. Like in Number
6, learn everything.


The mortgage credit directive: tips for landlords The mortgage credit directive: tips for landlords
The mortgage credit directive: tips for landlords
Find out about the Mortgage Credit Directive, how it affects landlords in general and what your mortgage options are going forward.
What is the mortgage credit directive?
The Mortgage Credit Directive came in to force in March 2016 to ensure all states in the European Union (EU) make sure mortgage lenders apply borrowing rules uniformly.
Most EU states already regulate mortgages, but the rules vary and few lenders are active across borders. The new rules aim to open a European-wide mortgage market where borrowers can expect the same treatment wherever the lender is based.
Mortgage credit directive: what are the new rules for landlords?
The mortgage directive divides buy-to-let borrowing in the UK into consumer and commercial buy to let.
Consumer buy to let
This is a new mortgage concept for 'accidental landlords', which is defined as someone who didn't buy the property to rent it out but has done so due to their circumstances. These landlords generally have only one letting property, which they either inherited or used to live in.
The aim is to make sure new landlords can afford to take out a mortgage against a rental property. The directive lays out a set of tests defining an accidental landlord.
These tests cover where a borrower:
 - is taking out a loan to purchase a buy-to-let home for the first time
 - has already bought or inherited a home to rent out, but neither the borrower nor one of their relatives has lived there
 - already has one buy-to-let home rented out on a tenancy agreement
Commercial buy-to-let
A commercial landlord is regarded as a buy-to-let investor who already owns and rents out several homes.
The difference between consumer and commercial buy-to-let mortgages
Commercial landlords continue to have their borrowing treated as business lending. This means consumer protection rules under the mortgage directive do not apply to them.
Consumer buy-to-let lending has similar safeguards to other homeowners, such as access to an ombudsman to deal with complaints.
The main difference between the two lending categories is consumer landlords face a stricter affordability test.
As before, commercial landlords need to pass the 'rent cover' test that generally expects the rent generated by a buy to let to come to at least 145% of the mortgage interest payment at around a 5% interest rate.
Consumer landlords don't have to pass the rent cover test. However, they have to show they can cover the mortgage payments from their disposable income – much in the same way as they do for other borrowing.
At the time of directive's launch, the government predicted the new rules would impact around 11% of buy-to-let mortgage borrowers who are accidental/consumer landlords.
Why were these regulations changes brought in?
One of the key reasons for the consumer landlord rules is 'mortgage gaming'.
As buy-to-let borrowing has laxer underwriting rules, some homeowners have taken out buy-to-let loans and moved into the property because if they tried to take out a normal home loan they would fail the affordability tests. Mortgage gaming is fraud and the new measures are a bid to stop borrowers making false claims about living in a buy-to-let home.
The changes shouldn't bother landlords who already have two or more homes rented out. They will continue to take on new borrowing as commercial landlords.
Consumer landlords will move up to become commercial landlords automatically as they buy more homes to rent out.
In 2016, the Department of Communities and Local Government's English Housing Survey indicated around 20% of all homes in England and Wales are private rentals. That is more than 4.5 million properties.
According to trade body The Council of Mortgage Lenders, 62% of landlords own a single rented property. Only 7% own five or more homes to rent.
How does the mortgage directive affect landlords?
One potential implication of the mortgage directive is fewer accidental landlords may qualify for a buy-to-let mortgage because they will fail the affordability test.
Policies like the consumer landlord rules, cutting mortgage interest tax relief for higher rate taxpayers, and extra powers handed to the Bank of England to limit the size of buy-to-let loans look like a joined-up policy to rein in the market. However, the government has not commented to confirm this approach.
How rent cover impacts borrowing
Rent cover rules determine how much a landlord can borrow to buy or remortgage a rental home. Until January 2017, rent cover was calculated as 125% the monthly gross rent at an interest-only rate of 5%. If the monthly rent matched or was more than this, then the loan was generally approved.
Towards the end of 2016, the Bank of England ordered buy-to-let lenders to look at adjusting rent cover to 145% of the monthly rent.
This means many landlords are now mortgage prisoners as they cannot refinance their homes to a lower rate or raise any extra cash from a property.
Here's an example of how the rent cover change might impact a landlord:
A The property worth £170,000
B Monthly rent £750
C Interest only mortgage rate 5%
D Mortgage required £127,500
Could this landlord get a mortgage charging £750 a month on rent? Under the old rate of 125% Under the new rate of 145%
E Annual interest only mortgage cost (Row D multiplied Row C) £6,375 £6,375
F Monthly mortgage cost (Row E divided 12) £531.25 £531.25
G Rent required to cover mortgage cost (Row F x Rent cover rate) Mortgage Approved £664.06 Mortgage Declined £770.31
Under the old rent cover rules (125%), the rent supported the borrowing and the mortgage would likely be approved. But under the current rent cover rules (145%), the rent fails the test and the mortgage amount the lender would advance would be reduced. This would mean the landlord would have to find a larger deposit.
For remortgages, landlords failing the new rent cover test would have to pay down their mortgage to qualify for a cheaper interest rate.
In the worked example, the mortgage advance would drop by around £3,825 to £123,675 for failing the 145% rent cover test.
What are my mortgage options as a landlord?
Commercial landlords need not worry too much as mortgage borrowing should continue much as before the directive starts. Some other borrowers may face different borrowing rules.
Here's a breakdown of who it does and doesn't affect.
Limited company buy-to-let mortgages - companies are unaffected by the directive as their borrowing is considered commercial.
Homeowners switching from a residential to buy-to-let mortgage – these are likely to be treated as consumer landlords unless they already have a portfolio of letting property.
Changing a buy-to-let mortgage to residential – homeowners switching from renting to living in a former buy to let will have to follow the mortgage directive rules.
Buy-to-let mortgage first time buyers – first-time buy-to-letters will come under consumer buy-to-let rules.
Buy-to-let remortgaging for accidental landlords – buy-to-let remortgages will come under the mortgage credit directive. This may mean lenders will turn down applications from consumer landlords who previously qualified for a buy-to-let mortgage.
Holiday lets and second homes – mortgages for holiday lets will remain commercial borrowing, while those for second homes are personal borrowing and come under the directive.
It's also worth reading about mortgage interest tax relief when thinking about investing in buy to let.
Consumer landlords renting out a home they have lived in or inherited will face stricter borrowing rules and may find they cannot finance a property to rent without putting down a significant deposit.
Despite the European Mortgage Directive, commercial landlords should find financing buy-to-let homes business as usual, even though the amount they can borrow is likely to fall.
Blog Steve Sims
Steve Sims
Steve Sims
Added: 17th August 2017


text:
Learning Guide: Personal hygiene
Author: Alba Cecilia Báez Gómez – Description: This English selfstudy guide helps you practice giving instructions in written form. All the activities are related to the top of personal care habits presented in Way to Go 7 workbook Module 1 Unit 2 Lesson 3.
It starts with some vocabulary revision activities. Then you have to answer some questions about the language used to write instructions( Imperatives and sequential linking words) and end up writing the instructions for a personal care habit.


text:
From the late nineteenth century through the beginning of World War II, the best jobs available to African Americans in Portland, Oregon were on the dining cars that came through Union Station and at the hotels around it. Because white-owned businesses were largely closed to people of color, a community of black-owned businesses and social organizations grew in the area surrounding the station. A new exhibit at the Oregon Historical Society explores work and lives of Portland's African American railroad workers and their families just in time for the 2013 Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday and National Black History Month.
"All Aboard: Railroading and Portland's Black Community," an exhibit created by Oregon Northwest Black Pioneers and the Oregon Historical, and funded in part by a grant from Oregon Humanities, focuses on the African American railroad workers in Portland in the 1800's through the 1940's and the community that grew around Portland's Union Station over the years. The interactive exhibit, which was assembled with the help of an advisory committee of former railroad workers, children of railroad workers, and local historians, features period uniforms and articles from historical black newspapers, and places the stories of Portland's railroad workers within the context of Oregon's racial history.
The exhibit opened on Tuesday, January 15th, at the Oregon Historical Society Museum, 1200 SW Park Avenue, Portland, OR, and runs through April 21st.
The museum is open 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday to Saturday and noon to 5 p.m. Sunday. Admission is free for OHS members and residents of Multnomah County, and $5–$11 for nonmembers and nonresidents. On Monday, January 21st, admission is free in honor of the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. For a calendar of related events, visit the OHS website.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Primer on Shade Grown Coffee
Shade Grown coffee has become synonymous with quality coffee. It refers to a method of growing coffee in a natural environment including shade trees and songbirds. Traditionally coffee was always grown this way. Proponents of the product will say that growing coffee in this manner will protect the natural rain forests and that modern day growing practices have resulted in an ecological disaster which can serve to eliminate certain animal species.
A Canopy of Protection
Traditionally, coffee was grown under a canopy of shade trees. The natural shade provided several important environmental factors which allowed the coffee to grow:
 - Protection from the sun. This was important because prior to the use of "technified" plants which exist today, coffee would not grow well under direct sunlight.
 - Natural home for migratory birds. Not only did these birds have a home, but they just so happen to prey on some of the pests cause damage to the coffee crop.
 - Nitrogen fixation in the soil. This makes the coffee more sustainable and enhances its ability to grow without the need for additional fertilizer.
shade grown coffee plantation
Shade Grown Coffee Plantation
Technified Plants
As more aggressive farming practices took hold, however, this method fell to the wayside. Farmers discovered methods of being able to grow coffee in what seemed to be more a more economical way. First, "technified" coffee plants were developed which were able to grow in direct sunlight. With this new ability, the shade plants could be eliminated, leaving more room for the coffee plant. Of course, with the elimination of the shade trees, comes the elimination of natural protection from pests and the lack of nitrogen fixation in the soil. No problem: all that is needed is some fertilizer and pesticides. Yet another seeming benefit of "shadeless" coffee is that coffee grows faster this way and thus returns a higher yield.
A Return to Days Gone By
More recently, farmers have been returning to traditional methods of farming for several reasons.
 - Consumers are demanding organic coffees more and more.
 - Some have found that it actually is more economical to grow coffee under the "traditional" method. In addition to reduced cost, some of the variations of growing shade coffee allow for increased profits through crop diversification. There are, theoretically at least, fewer costs because you reduce fertilizer and pesticide usage. Not only do these chemical treatments cost money, they cost labor dollars to utilize them.
 - This method is not as harsh on the land and increases the likelihood of continued crops.
 - Since it is perceived as more environmentally friendly (and it is) it provides a great marketing tool with which to sell to conscientious consumers.
Is It Worth The Fuss?
Farmers are finding out that growing technified coffee is not as economical as once thought and has become a burden on the growing soils. It is a short term success in a long term commodity. If one plans on being successful indefinitely then one must make sure that commodity can prosper.
An obvious question that must be raised at this point is, 'Is shade grown coffee merely hype? Perhaps. Just how special is it to buy coffee that has not had any fancy chemicals or genetic engineering to it? Is this technologically inferior coffee worth the extra money? Will it alone prevent ecological disaster?
A Taste Improvement
As to whether or not the coffee is special without chemicals, consider that shade grown coffee takes longer to grow than the technified variety and this results in a richer, more mellow cup. There is a definite perceived taste difference, though I will abstain from saying one is better than the other. But the flavor profile is different nonetheless.
Supply And Demand
When judging the value of shade grown coffee, the laws of supply and demand are at work. Coffee that takes longer to grow will be more limited in supply than coffee which can be harvested faster. But there are, according to one source, fewer costs associated with growing shade grown coffee. In addition, one can't deny that there is a perceived health benefit to drinking coffee which has not been grown with the use of chemicals. Furthermore, some people don't mind paying a little more for something which is supporting ecologically sound growing practices.
Not All Shade Grown Coffees Are the Same
There are several methods of growing shade coffee. Not all of them are exactly natural and not all of them are as ecologically sound as the other. Below, I will briefly review the four basic types.
 1. Rustic: This style involves clearing out the low level growth in a forest and replacing it with coffee. The more elevated shade trees remain to provide protection to the coffee tree. While this method allows coffee to be grown without the use of chemicals, it does eliminate other wildlife.
 2. Traditional Polyculture: This involves choosing certain species of trees which will grow alongside the coffee. A technique that has benefited farmers is to grow other cash crops such as orange and banana trees with the coffee. If this method is managed carefully, farmers can increase yield of all crops that are being grown.
 3. Commercial Polyculture: This system of coffee farming includes selecting a variety of shade canopy trees which protect an understory that is only coffee.
 4. Specialized Shade: Specialized shade method utilizes only one type of shade canopy tree with which to protect the coffee. While the Commercial Polyculture and Specialized Shade seem more like planned forests than natural, they still provide habitat for wildlife.
Finding Shade Grown Coffee
Many of the major players in the coffee industry are offering some sort of shade grown coffee. Many of them are blends and many are straight varietals. The good news is that there is a minimal price difference between coffee grown this way and a more conventionally grown equivalent, about a dollar or two per pound.
In order to make sure you are getting a true shade grown coffee, you should check with your roaster to ensure the coffee is certified as shade grown. Without the certification, you may not be getting the coffee you thought you were. The coffee industry has on several occasions become prey to shysters out to make a quick buck. Simply put, be aware. Furthermore, many coffees labeled organic are actually shade grown themselves. A little investigation could reveal a good find.
Deciding whether or not shade grown is simply the latest hype or a valid product worthy of praise is something yet to be determined. At the outset, however, it certainly seems to embody the idealisms of nature itself. In the end, the consumers will have to decide if it worth their hard earned dollar.
Ryan Jacobs
Ryan Jacobs lives in Columbus, OH and has been a long time contributor to INeedCoffee. He started roasting coffee in a West Bend Poppery II in Kokomo, IN in 1998 and currently uses a Behmor. He met his wife, Rebecca, in a Starbucks and has two girls, Katherine and Angela. Katherine already knows what a portafilter is and takes great pride in grinding coffee for him.
Latest posts by Ryan Jacobs (see all)


text:
Hello to all, my new article on SBI Bank PO Exams 2018 has been posted you can read all details at SBI PO Exams 2018: All you Need to know to get a clear idea on what is SBI Bank PO all about. Today I'm going to tell you a very interesting topic that is Time and Distance. Time and Distance is very important topic in Aptitude so learn all the concepts well and try to solve the questions that I will give you at the end of this article. So let us start with Time and Distance.
(i) Speed = Distance/Time, Time = Distance/speed, Distance = Speed * Time
(ii) x km/hr = (x * 5/18) m/sec
(iii) x m/sec = (x * 18/5) km/hr
(iv) If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a:b then the ratio of the time taken by them to cover the same distance is 1/a : 1/b or b:a
(v) Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x km/hr and an equal distance at y km/hr. Then the average speed during the whole journey is (2xy/x+y) km/hr
1. A train travels 82.6 km/hr. How many metres will it travel in 15 minutes?
Solution: Distance travelled in 1 min. = (82.6/60) km
So the Distance travelled in 15 min. = (82.6/60 * 15) km = 20.65 km = 20.65 km = (20.65 * 1000) m
= 20650 m.
2. How many minutes does Aditya take to cover a distance of 400 m, if he runs at a speed of 20 km/hr?
Solution: Aditya's speed = 20 km/hr = (20 * 5/18) m/sec = 50/9 m/sec.
Therefore Time taken to cover 400 m = (400 * 9/50) sec = 72 sec
3. A cyclist covers a distance of 750 m in 2 min 30 sec. What is the speed in km/hr of the cyclist?
Solution: Speed = (750/150) m/sec = 5 m/sec = (5 * 18/5) km/hr = 18 km/hr.
1. A speed of 30.6 km/hr is same as (R.R.B, 2008)
a. 5.1 m/sec b. 8.5 m/sec c. 110.16 m/sec d. none of these
2. A man riding his bicycle covers 150 metres in 25 seconds. What is the speed in km/hr? (S.S.C, 2005)
a.20 b.21.6 c.23 d.25
3. A bus covers a distance of 2924 km in 43 hours. What is the speed of the bus? (Bank Recruitment, 2008)
a. 60 km/hr b. 68 km/hr c. 72 km/hr d. Cannot be determined e. none of these
I hope you would have liked this article on time and distance. The next article will be on mock test. So prepare well and come. Thank you. All the Best.


substitution of equals for equals
Anytime you have an equality hypothesis relating two terms, e.g.,
(equal lhs rhs)
it is legal to substitute one for the other anyplace else in the formula. Doing so does not change the truthvalue of the formula.
You can use a negated equality this way provided it appears in the conclusion. For example, it is ok to transform
(implies (true-listp x)
 (not (equal x 23)))
(implies (true-listp 23)
 (not (equal x 23)))
by substitutions of equals for equals. That is because, by propositional calculus, we could rearrange the formulas into their contrapositive forms:
(implies (equal x 23)
 (not (true-listp x)))
(implies (equal x 23)
 (not (true-listp 23)))
and see the equality as a hypothesis and the substitution of 23 for x as sensible.
Sometimes people speak loosely and say ''substitution of equals for equals'' when they really mean ''substitutions of equivalents for equivalents.'' Equality, as tested by EQUAL, is only one example of an equivalence relation. The next most common is propositional equivalence, as tested by IFF. You can use propositional equivalence hypotheses to substitute one side for the other provided the target term occurs in a propositional place, as discussed at the bottom of propositional calculus.
Now use your browser's Back Button to return to the example proof in logic-knowledge-taken-for-granted.


estimation the noise power is normally unknown. Therefore, the optimization must be modified to include this effect. A more realistic optimization is reformulated as
in which. The dual problem takes the form
The derivation of the dual problem is given in the Appendix. Since is a feasible solution, strong duality holds according to the general Slater's condition [23].
Due to the first constraint in (IV), the problem itself is still an infinite dimensional optimization. It was shown in [14] that the first constraint can be recast as a semidefinite matrix constraint. Thus the infinite dimensional dual problem is equivalent to the following semidefinite programming (SDP):
Here is an Hermitian matrix. The optimization problem can be easily solved by using the CVX package [23].
Solving (IV) yields the optimal solution only for the dual problem. The following lemma is introduced to link the solutions of the primal and dual problems.
Lemma IV.1.
Let and be the optimal solutions of the primal problem (27) and dual problem (IV) respectively. Then
for all such that
Proof: Let be the noise power estimated in the primal problem. Since strong duality holds, we have
The first inequality follows from the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the fact that. The second inequality results from. Because, we have. Therefore holds and we have the desired result needed to satisfy this equality.
The support set can be estimated by root-finding based on the trigonometric polynomial. Let denote the estimation of the support sets, and use to denote elements in with A matrix can be formulated, with measurement expressed as
in which and
Due to the the numerical issue in the root finding process, the cardinality of is normally larger than the cardinality of, i.e.,. It is possible in some cases that, which leads to an ill conditional linear system (30). Sparsity can then be exploited on this signal. A convex optimization in the discrete domain can be formulated as
The in (31) is normally chosen to be larger than in (27) since the noise level is expected to be higher in (30) due to inevitable error introduced in the root finding process. Assuming that the optimization solution of (31) is, the estimation of in the continuous domain can be represented as
V Extension: Source Number Detection
Traditional source number detection for array processing is typically performed by exploiting eigenvalues from the sample covariance matrix. For coprime arrays, this covariance matrix can be obtained by performing spatial smoothing on. The same idea can also be implemented on the sparse signal recovered from the previous section. Ideally, after sorting its elements in a descending order, the signal reconstructed from (31) should follow
The SORTE algorithm can be applied to this series. The difference of the elements from is
The gap measure in SORTE is given as


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BACKGROUND: Epigenetic alterations, such as histone methylation, modulate Myc signaling, a pathway central to oncogenesis. We investigated the role of the histone demethylase KDM4B in N-Myc-mediated neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS: Spearman correlation was performed to correlate MYCN and KDM4B expression. RNA interference, microarray analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to define the functions of KDM4B. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to assess protein-protein interactions between N-Myc and KDM4B. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess the binding of Myc targets. Constitutive and inducible lentiviral-mediated KDM4B knockdown with shRNA was used to assess the effects on tumor growth. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of KDM4B expression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: KDM4B and MYCN expression were found to be statistically significantly correlated in a variety of cancers, including neuroblastoma (R = 0.396, P <.001). Functional studies demonstrated that KDM4B regulates the Myc pathway. N-Myc was found to physically interact with and recruit KDM4B. KDM4B was found to regulate neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo (5 mice/group, two-tailed t test, P ≤ 0.001). Finally, together with MYCN amplification, KDM4B was found to stratify a subgroup of poor-prognosis patients (122 case patients, P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide insight into the epigenetic regulation of Myc via histone demethylation and proof-of-concept for inhibition of histone demethylases to target Myc signaling in cancers such as neuroblastoma.
Original publication
Journal article
J Natl Cancer Inst
Publication Date
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, DNA Methylation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Heterografts, Humans, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mice, Neuroblastoma, Prognosis, Protein Array Analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction


azan and Dusun. Combined, Kadazan-Dusun has about 40 sub-groups under it and each has its own language and tradition.
Traditionally, the Kadazans lived in longhouses and were involved in agricultural activities like planting rice and conducting nomadic slash-and-burn agriculture.
The Dusun people, on the other hand, could be found living in single traditional houses and also longhouses. They were well-known for their headhunting practices and occupation as hunters and farmers.
While a majority of the Kadazan-Dusun community have converted to Catholicism, a significant number of them still remain as animists. Their traditional animistic religion is led by the belief that spirits ruled over the planting and harvesting of rice, an important occupation among the Kadazan-Dusun people.
In line with that, the Kadazan-Dusun people celebrate Pesta Kaamatan, a celebration to honour the rice spirit and express gratitude for the bounties of the year. The festival lasts for the whole month of May, ending with a public holiday on 30 and 31 May annually in Sabah.
Pesta Kaamatan will see a number of rituals and customs conducted by bobohizan or bobolian, who are considered to be the high priests or priestesses of the community. Note that the priests and priestesses are addressed differently in different districts, for example, in the Tambunan district, they are known as bobolian, while in Tuaran they are referred to as tantagas.
2. Bajau - the'sea gypsies' of Sabah
Bajaus in Bohey Dulang, Sabah.
Image via johnjodeery/flickr
The Bajau community is the second largest indigenous group in Sabah and they make up about 15% of the state's population. The Bajaus are traditionally divided into two groups - the West Coast and the East Coast.
The West Coast Bajau people settled in the inland along the western and northern coasts, while the East Coast Bajaus settled along Sabah's east coast, concentrated in Semporna. The main distinction between these two communities is their land/sea orientation. The West Coast Bajaus focus on rice cultivation and livestock rearing. They can mostly be found in places like Kota Belud, Kota Kinabalu, Tuaran and Papar.
On the contrary, the East Coast Bajaus are mostly referred to as'sea gypsies' - they traditionally live in stilt water villages with fishing being their main source of income. They have mostly settled around Semporna, Lahad Datu, and Kunak. These people are also known to have great diving skills, with many that can spend more than five minutes underwater without oxygen tanks.
The Bajaus are traditionally animists but in the recent years, a majority of the community have converted to Islam.
One of the most popular festivals in East Coast Bajau community is the Regatta Lepa Semporna, an annual event that pays homage to the lepa - a traditional single-mast sailing boat of the Bajau of Semporna. The main highlight of the celebration that falls in April, is the water parade of all the artistically decorated boats that represent a particular village or family.
Cultural performances, the Lepa Beauty Pageant, and fireworks display are part of the colourful celebration.
Image via James Morgan
3. Murut - the third largest indigenous group in Sabah
Murut people in their traditional costume.
Image via My Sabah
Murut is an indigenous group that has around 29 sub-ethnic groups settled in the northern inland region of Borneo. They can mostly be found in areas around Keningau, Tenom, Nabawan, Pensiangan and along the river areas of Sapulut, Padas, and Kinabatangan.
Murut literally means the 'hill people'. Similar to the Ibans, Murut people were once popular headhunters but have since abandoned their old traditions to make way for farming and hunting instead. They are also involved in the cultivation of rice, tapioca, fishing, and blowpipe hunting.
It was also said that the Murut people have extensive knowledge in botanical healing methods and each community usually has its own healers that can cure illnesses such as diarrhoea, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
There are around 15 languages and 21 dialects within the Murut community but the most commonly used one is Tanggal.
The Murut people celebrate Kalimaran festival, an annual festival that celebrates the richness and uniqueness of the Murut culture, focusing on their craftsmanship activities.
All in all, the rich history of the indigenous community of Malaysia is steeped in centuries worth of culture, arts, traditions, and ceremonies.
One of the best ways to preserve this important part of local history is to ensure that young Malaysians are taught about it in schools.
Elderly Iban men in a longhouse.
Image via mysarawaklife
Despite being the sons of the soil, the local indigenous community is not asking for much. All they want, is to be recognised and treated equally in the country.
Unfortunately, most of them are forced to fight to keep their lands, as it is being taken away to make way for logging and development activities.
Their issues and rights are as important as any other Malaysian's rights. Remember, they, too, are a part of us and the Malaysian identity - not just during Hari Malaysia, Merdeka, and 1Malaysia campaigns.
Speaking of indigenous people, did you know that the Orang Asli community are some of the poorest in Malaysia? Read on to know what the government is doing to change that:
As the government is striving to lift these people from the clutches of poverty, the Penan community in rural Sarawak is being displaced and forced to part with everything they know:
Read how Impian Malaysia is doing a tremendous job helping to equip rural villages with basic necessities:
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No doubt that text classification is an important research area in information retrieval. In fact there are many researches about text classification in English language. A few researchers in general talk about text classification using Arabic data set. This research applies three well known classification algorithm. Algorithm applied are K-Nearest neighbour (K-NN), C4.5 and Rocchio algorithm. These well-known algorithms are applied on in-house collected Arabic data set. Data set used consists from 1400 documents belongs to 8 categories. Results show that precision and recall values using Rocchio classifier and K-NN are better than C4.5. This research makes a comparative study between mentioned algorithms. Also this study used a fixed number of documents for all categories of documents in training and testing phase.
|International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology
|Early online date
|10 Mar 2016
|Published - 30 Apr 2016


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Configuration and implementation problems can lead to unauthorised access to sensitive information or networks; often without the intruder even setting foot inside a building. Therefore, wireless networks require close monitoring and periodic assessments to mitigate the exposure to security threats.
The purpose of a wireless assessment is to interrogate a wireless infrastructure, and to provide assurance that it cannot be used to compromise the integrity and confidentiality of an organisations network or data. In most cases the footprint of a wireless network will extend beyond the desired area. This effectively extends the network boundary beyond the physical boundary of private premises and into public space.The majority of mobile devices supplied today have wireless connectivity hardware enabled by default. An attacker can use such a wireless interface as a beachhead for further attacks into the wired corporate network infrastructure.
Whilst attacks against wireless networks have received less media attention of late, the attack vectors that gained notoriety throughout the last decade remain present and demand attention. Portcullis' approach provides options for testing the full range of threats to a corporate wireless network, including authentication, encryption, segregation of guest and corporate services, the ability to compromise wireless clients and wireless denial of service testing.
Why perform a wireless assessment?
- To execute a real-world attack on infrastructure and understand the level of risk that exists at a single moment in time.
- To better identify and validate all security vulnerabilities associated with your Internet-facing environment.
- To understand the level of risk for your organization compared to similar companies.


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To understand how periscopes extend vision beyond the line of sight.
Students at this level should have their attention called to the use of tools and instruments in science and the use of practical knowledge to solve problems before the actual underlying concepts are understood. They should develop the ability to use increasingly sophisticated tools and techniques and improve their skills in measurement, calculation, and communication. Activities that have students make observations and measurements using instruments such as periscopes and microscopes help reinforce the relationship between technology and science. These activities also give students skill and confidence in using tools in their everyday lives.
In addition to experimenting with technology, students should begin to think and write about how technology helps people. They should be encouraged to consider alternative ways of doing something and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various options. (Benchmarks for Science Literacy, p. 45.)
In this lesson, students will explore the concept of line of sight by recording the conditions under which they can and can't see an object. They will then build a periscope and experiment with it to determine how this tool helps them extend their line of sight around corners, over walls, and beyond. This activity is based on instructions and information on the Exploratorium website.
To begin this lesson, ask students if everyone sees things exactly the same way. Have them discuss differences they are aware of such as not being able to see things that are far away (nearsightedness) or close up (farsightedness), or not seeing certain colors (color blindness).
Also ask them where they would go in the classroom if they didn't want you to see them. Answers may include behind you, under a desk, or behind a door or wall.
Have students consider these questions:
- What tools or instruments help people see better?
- What do these tools do?
Common answers may include glasses, binoculars, telescopes, and magnifying glasses. Students may indicate that these tools make things seem closer or farther away.
Continue the discussion by asking these questions:
- At what times or in what situations is it impossible for anyone to see anything?
- Why is this so?
Answers may include when there is no light and when something is not directly in line with their eyes. Explain to students that when we see an object, we are actually seeing the light it gives off. So when it is dark or when an object is not in line with our eyes, we can't see it. Point out that light travels only in straight lines—it can't bend around corners. That's why we can only see what is in a straight line from our eyes—or in our line of sight.
Have students experiment with line of sight by testing at what locations around the room they can and can't see each other.
Then ask students if they know of any tool that can help them see an object that is out of their line of sight. Some students will probably mention periscopes. If they don't, introduce periscopes at this point.
Then ask these questions:
- What do you know about periscopes?
- What are they used for in the real world?
Allow students to discuss their understanding of how periscopes are used in submarines. You might ask if they have heard the expression "Up periscope." Explain that this command is used to request the raising of a submarine's periscope.
Tell students that periscopes bring what is around corners, over walls, and beyond into view. Add that they will now have a chance to make their own periscopes and see how they work.
Have students access the Seeing Around Corners student esheet. Tell students that the esheet will direct them to a website that includes information about periscopes as well as instructions for building one.
Note: Alternate assembly instructions can be found at the Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You website.
Have students follow the instructions outlined in Step 1 of the esheet. Students might mention words such as perimeter, microscope, and telescope when brainstorming words that contain the roots peri or scopus. If you wish, have them speculate on the meanings of those words.
As noted in Step 2 and Step 3 of the esheet, have students work in small groups to construct a periscope, following the instructions on the website. (Do not distribute knives or let students do any cutting themselves.)
Note: To save class time, you might want to complete Steps 1 and 2 outlined on the website beforehand and give each group two milk cartons with the lids and viewing holes already cut out. Then you could direct students to Step 3 and read Steps 3–9 with them. You could circulate throughout the room and cut the mirror slits as soon as each group has measured and marked them.
Have students complete Steps 4 and 5 of the esheet. Give them plenty of time to experiment with the periscope, looking at objects around the room (including samples of writing) and standing in the same places they did in the Motivation section.
Once students have experienced what the periscope can do, have them return to the Up Periscope! site and scroll down to "How Does My Periscope Work?" (in the "What's Going On?" section) and discuss how the periscope works.
To facilitate the discussion, you might want to reproduce the diagram on the chalkboard (or ask a student volunteer to do it). Make sure students understand how the angled mirrors bend light rays and allow them to see objects that are out of the line of sight. Make sure that the information you present is appropriate to your students' knowledge and ability level.
In an effort to assess understanding, have students answer the questions on the Seeing Around Corners student sheet.
Following are sample answers to the assessment questions:
- How does a periscope let you see around corners and over and under things?
(The angled mirrors in the ends of the periscope bend light rays. When you look through a periscope, light coming from objects at right angles to your eye is bent so the object comes into your line of sight.)
- How does the periscope affect the size and shape of the objects you see?
(The periscope doesn't affect the size or shape of objects viewed through it. It only allows you to see objects that are out of your line of sight.)
- How could you make a periscope that would let you see behind you? Hint: Look at the diagram of how a periscope works and think about where the light has to enter it.
(You could tape the two milk cartons together with the holes facing in the same direction.)
- What ways could periscopes be used in real life?
(Answers may include situations in which someone needs to see something that is out of the line of sight, such as underwater in submarines, for security in buildings, or inside the body.)
- CHALLENGE QUESTION: Can you read writing through your periscope? Why or why not? Hint: Think about what writing looks like in a mirror.
(You can read writing with a periscope because it is reflected in two mirrors. The first mirror makes it appear backwards and the second makes it look normal again.)
Discuss students' answers to the questions to make sure they understand how a periscope helps them expand their senses—essentially giving them eyes all over their heads.
This lesson may be supplemented by another Science NetLinks lesson, Color Burst, in which students extend their knowledge of light by exploring the separation of colors in water and other solvents.
This lesson is part of a series of Science NetLinks lessons dealing with optical technology. The other lessons in the series include Magnify It! (K–2), Looking into Space (6–8), and Watch Your Thoughts! Diagnostic Imaging and the Brain (9–12).
To reinforce the practical applications of periscopes, suggest that students research their use in submarines. Excellent information can be found at the following websites:
- How Photonics Masts Will Workis a student-friendly and easy-to-understand presentation of how a submarine periscope works.
- Submarine Periscopes and Approach Techniques includes very interesting and detailed information about submarine periscopes, but is more appropriate for advanced readers.


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Many individuals assume that Index Universal Life (IUL) crediting rates ("Indexed Returns") and the equity returns of the underlying fund (for example, the S&P 500 Index) to which they are linked closely track each other. In fact, Indexed Returns can vary significantly from the returns of the underlying index fund as a result of following IUL product factors:
- Participation rate and
- The fact that Indexed Returns do not include dividends paid on the stocks comprising the underlying index.
How do you understand the combined effect of these various factors? The attached article utilizes models developed by John Hancock and VOYA to evaluate one product's Indexed Returns in comparison to the equity returns of the S&P 500 Index. For example, based on John Hancock's Rate Translator and a 0% floor, 11% cap and 100% participation rate:
- The crossover rate is 5.3%. Note: The crossover rate is the rate at which the Indexed Return equals the equity return of the underlying index.
- Going from a 5.3% to a 6% Indexed Return (a.7% increase) however requires a nearly 3% increase in the equity return (5.3% to 8.27%).
- However, moving below the crossover rate, a 5% Indexed Return equates to a much lower 4% equity return.
This simple example emphasizes the importance of understanding these complex factors, leaning toward illustrating on a more conservative illustrative Indexed Return basis and closely monitoring performance over the life of the product.


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Definitions for absorption, electric
The Standard Electrical Dictionary
A property of the static charge. When a Leyden jar is being charged it dilates a little and the capacity increases, so that it can take a little more charge for a given potential difference existing between its two coatings. This phenomenon occurs with other static condensers, varying in degree with the dielectric. With shellac, paraffin, sulphur and resin, for instance, the absorption is very slight; with gutta-percha, stearine, and glass, the absorption is relatively great. The term is due to Faraday. Iceland spar seems almost or quite destitute of electric absorption.
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"absorption, electric." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 19 May 2013. .


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MA2C (Model-based Analysis of 2-Color Arrays) is a model-based algorithm for analyzing 2-color microarrays.A novel normalization method based on the GC content of probes is developed for two-color tiling arrays. The proposed method, together with robust estimates of the model parameters, is shown to perform superbly on published data sets. A robust algorithm for detecting peak regions is also formulated and shown to perform well compared to other approaches. The tools have been implemented as a stand-alone Java program called MA2C, which can display various plots of statistical analysis for quality control.
- Linux / Mac OsX / Windows
:: MORE INFORMATION
Song J, Johnson WE, Zhu X, Zhang X, Li W, Manrai AK, Liu JS, Chen R and Liu XS
Modelbased analysis for 2-color arrays (MA2C).
Genome Biology 2007, 8:R178


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Of the non-scheduled regional languages spoken in the state, more than 75% are on the verge of disappearing in the next few decades, according to a recent linguistic survey.
In Maharashtra, 56 regional languages are spoken, of which Marathi and its nine regional varieties are scheduled languages and are entitled to be developed and preserved by the government. Some of these regional varieties are Varhadi, Tawadi, Jamneri, and Samvedi.
Among the other 46 languages, about 10 have a relatively sizeable number of speakers and at present show the signs of continuing for a considerable period of time, according to a survey conducted by the People's Linguistic Survey of India (PLSI), a language research and publication centre based in Baroda, Gujarat.
However, the survey revealed that the remaining 36 languages, spoken in places such as Amravati, Satara and Sangli among others, are rapidly losing their significance, with 20 expected to become extinct in the next two decades.
Although the other 16 languages are backed by enough speakers to continue for some more years, its speakers are also rapidly reducing in number.
"Languages that are mainly spoken by nomadic groups or denotified tribes are critically endangered," said Ganesh Devy, chairperson, PLSI. "Siddi, a branch of Swahili, spoken by the people who came from Africa is one such example," said Devy.
Such significant loss of languages can have an adverse impact on other domains. "The ecological knowledge of several flora and fauna in the state will become superficial, as their detailed descriptions among the local communities will be lost," said ecologist Madhav Gadgil.
Marathi a popular option for students
mumbai: The Marathi language does not seem to be under threat of being overshadowed by other popular languages, and is in fact in demand among the youth.
Over the last few years, more than 500 city students have opted for Marathi for the Masters in Arts (MA) annually from Mumbai university and with students learning under distance education, the number is about 1,200 every year. February 27 was celebrated as Marathi Bhasha Diwas.
"There is still a good demand for studying Marathi, and the number of students opting for the subject has remained consistent over the years," said Pushpalata Rajapure-Tapas, head of Marathi department at the university.
Some language experts also defended the significance of Marathi in present times. "It is a strong language, and has been growing because of its rich literature," said Ganesh Devy, chairperson, People's Linguistic Survey of India.
However, Devy highlighted areas of concern. "The language is losing its significance in medicine and healthcare, because people are not able to describe ailments in Marathi and even doctors are increasingly using English," he said.
Some experts also felt the need for the language to be standardised.


Twisting not only generates an easily recognisable pattern with just a straight laminate, it's also one of the most important operations in making a lot of other patterns.
Making a simple "twist pattern" is relatively straightforward, but there are a few important things to know to get the most out of your twists. The basic steps of a regular twist pattern are:
 1. Create a straight laminate billet
 2. Draw it down, as evenly as possible, to a square cross section (The size here determines a few things that are discussed below).
 3. Forge the sharp corners back into the billet, making it slightly octagon shaped.
 4. Heat the billet as evenly as possbile
 5. Clamp one end of the heated billet in a vise and begin to twist the other end with a twisting wrench
 6. Once you're happy with the twist of your billet, reheat it
 7. Wire brush and flux the twisted billet
 8. Forge the billet back to square at a welding heat. This will cause the "corners" to weld back into the billet as you work it. Make sure to brush well and flux after each of these heats.
 9. Draw your billet into a bar
 10. Grind your billet clean, making sure to remove any surface defects or cold shuts left from the "corners" in twisting.
Sounds simple right? :) It is, but there are a few potential trouble spots. See the patterning operations section for more information on twisting.
There are a few variations on the twist pattern that greatly affect how the pattern looks.
Layer count
How many layers are in your billet prior to twisting has a dramatic effect on what your pattern will look like. A low layer count twist will be very bold and striking, as in the this picture.
A higher layer count will yeild a much more fine pattern sometimes referred to as a "Maiden's Hair" pattern.
Again, there are no hard and fast rules to how you build your billets. Alternate bands of higher layered steel with single pieces for a bold twist that has some fine details when closely inspected. Stack your steel in different chicknesses and see what happens, come up with anything you like and just go for it. Twisting will take things that may seem not at all exciting and make them amazing.
Rate of Twist.
What I call "Rate of Twist" is basically how tightly you twist your billet. Most people, even very experienced 'smiths, would be suprised at how many twists a given piece of steel can handle without any ill effects. For the sake of simplicity, I'll refer to rate of twist in "twists per inch" as it makes for a very consistant method of explaining how much twist a given pattern needs. For example, if you have a billet that is 8″ long and you assume you will have 1″ at each end that you won't be twisting (for the vise and wrench to grab) and a pattern calls for "1 twist per inch" you would twist that remaining 6″ section 6 full rotations.
A loosely twisted billet of less than 1 twist per inch will have a rather "open" appearance to the pattern (as pictured above). At 2-3 twists per inch you're creating a twist suitable for a "Star Pattern" billet. 5 twists per inch is about right for a multi-bar "Turkish Twist" pattern. Greater than 5 twists per inch is very tight and you'll start to see some interesting differences in your pattern.
Size of Bar Prior to Twisting
Because of the fact that a square billet is rarely desired, most twists will be drawn down into a bar. The size of the twisted bar compared to the size of the finished bar can have a dramatic effect on your pattern. This is due to the fact that as you flatten a square bar, you will be drawing it lengthwise as you go. As you draw the bar in length you "stretch" the twist out. the larger the twisted bar, the more drawing you must do and hence, the more stretching of your twist will be seen. For this reason I generally increase the rate of twist slightly over what I THINK I need. That way, when the bar is drawn down the observed rate of twist will be what I expected.
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User Association in Heterogeneous Networks
In dense heterogeneous cellular networks, mobile devices such as smart phones can potentially associate with several different base stations. Which one should they choose? WNCG Profs. Andrews and Caramanis, in collaboration with lead researcher Qiaoyang Ye and Principal Engineer Mazin Al-Shalash from WNCG affiliate Huawei have been working towards characterizing optimal user associations, and simple techniques to approach these optimal associations, which can be extremely complex to determine. Their work has drawn attention from several major players in the 3GPP standards in addition to Huawei, including Qualcomm, Nokia Siemens Networks, Alcatel-Lucent, and NTT Docomo, who have each built on their ground-breaking results.
First some background. To meet crushing data traffic demands, cellular networks are evolving into ever-denser and irregular heterogeneous networks, especially through proliferation of small cells (e.g., picocells and femtocells). Due to the disparate transmit powers of different base stations, "natural" user association metrics like SINR or RSSI can lead to a major load imbalances and under-utilized small cells, with the macrocell remaining a major bottleneck. A critical missing piece in the conventional association metrics is the load, which provides a view of resource allocation and thus affects the long-term rates. In general, finding an optimal load-aware user association is a combinatorial optimization problem with exponential complexity. Meanwhile, any practically useful solution must be lightweight and efficient, and ideally solvable in a distributed way.
In two recent papers, Prof. Jeff Andrews, Prof. Constantine Caramanis, Qiaoyang Ye, and Mazin Al-Shalash, along with Beiyu Rong and Yudong Chen have used tools from convex optimization to address the association problem, devising easily computable upper bounds to optimal network performance, and then devising extremely efficient distributed algorithms that are provably near-optimal. In addition, they compared the extremely simple approach advocated by 3GPP known as "biasing", or cell range expansion, whereby small cell received powers are artificially biased by a certain amount, for example 10 dB, compared to the macrocells to result in more mobile users associating with them.
The first paper provides a low-complexity distributed algorithm that converges to a near-optimal solution. We found that the gap between the rate-optimized association and the range expansion approach can actually be very small, if the bias is chosen carefully. This is somewhat surprising, and was the first result in the literature to show that simple optimized biasing (where all BSs in the network of a certain class use the same exact value) is in fact pretty close to a globally optimal association policy.
Since users offloaded to small cells suffer strong interference from macro base stations, muting the macrocells for a certain fraction of resources reduces this interference, at the cost of turning off the most congested base stations. Is this a good tradeoff? In the second paper, we considered this question, and found that the answer is generally "yes". In particular, under a typical small cell deployment of say 6 picocells per macrocell, the macrocell should mute itself roughly half of the time. This increases the edge rate substantially, in part by allowing more aggressive biasing since the interference is reduced.
- Paper 1. _URL_
- Paper 2. _URL_
This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).


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Izhak Golan, Ran El-Yaniv
We consider the problem of anomaly detection in images, and present a new detection technique. Given a sample of images, all known to belong to a ''normal'' class (e.g., dogs), we show how to train a deep neural model that can detect out-of-distribution images (i.e., non-dog objects). The main idea behind our scheme is to train a multi-class model to discriminate between dozens of geometric transformations applied on all the given images. The auxiliary expertise learned by the model generates feature detectors that effectively identify, at test time, anomalous images based on the softmax activation statistics of the model when applied on transformed images. We present extensive experiments using the proposed detector, which indicate that our algorithm improves state-of-the-art methods by a wide margin.


Defying its name, Death Valley is teeming with flowery abundance for the first time since 2005.
Heavy rains fell last October, stimulating dormant seeds that had been lying in the soil for a decade. Autumn and winter then brought the right amount of warmth and rain to trigger a mass sprouting of seedlings.
Death Valley is a desert and National Park straddling the US states of California and Nevada. It advertises itself as "Hottest, Driest, Lowest" and is actually the place that has noted the highest recorded temperature on earth. It has held this record, a temperature of 56.7C, for 103 years.
At 100m below sea level, it is the driest desert in North America. Deserts always get a little rain and this one is no exception, managing an annual average of about 60mm. But in October 2015, flash floods were seen and two roads, damaged at that time, are still closed.
The floods were a consequence of the current major El Nino event: with the east Pacific waters warmer than normal, the weather pattern too is abnormal. This is when the desert blooms. For the past two months, the suddenly fertile ground has been coloured by wildflowers.
Called a "super bloom", this beauty of nature happens rarely. The last occurences, in 2005 and 1998, were also due to an El Nino weather pattern.
"I never imagined that so much life could exist here in such staggering abundance and intense beauty," said Alan Van Valkenburg, a park ranger who has lived in Death Valley for 25 years.
Currently, 20 species of wildflowers are in bloom, with the majority having short, deliberate lives. They blossom quickly, and generate seeds before the dry heat stifles them once more.
The most abundant plant is the aptly named "Desert Gold", a large, bright yellow daisy-like bloom. The stems this year are reaching waist height and the flowers cover entire hillsides and vast areas of the valley floor.
The bloom is spreading north and lifting in altitude. You would expect the spring heat to put an end to it, but, for this week at least, rain looks like a frequent visitor. That should prolong the colour for a while longer.
Source: Al Jazeera and agencies


There are two GIS facilities that are associated with CFS. The first is the GIS and Remote Sensing Lab that is housed by the Department of Geography in 323 Farrah Hall. This lab is maintained by Dr. Luoheng Han and houses several different types of computers, digitizing boards, printers, and GIS/Remote Sensing software. (Follow the appropriate link for a complete listing and description).
The GIS/Imaging Lab for Aquatic Biology is housed in rooms 1085A and 1085C in the Bevill Building. This lab is maintained by Dr. G. Milton Ward. Choose the following links to see the description for each lab as set up by the department housing the facility.


Skagit Valley College logo
Catalog Course Search Details
 Course Title: Suspension, Steering and Alignment
 Title Abbreviation: SUSPENSION/STEER/ALIGN
 Department: AT
 Course #: 131
 Credits: 6
 Variable: No
 IUs: 8
 CIP: 470604
 EPC: 712
 REV: 2014
 Course Description
Operation, diagnosis and repair of suspension and steering systems including wheel balance and alignment. Scope of course will cover a variety of front and rear suspension types.
Prerequisite or concurrent enrollment: AT 100 or 107, AT 121, AT 133 and MATH 96.
Additional Course Details
Contact Hours (based on 11 week quarter)
Lecture: 22
Lab: 88
Other: 0
Systems: 0
Clinical: 0
Intent: Distribution Requirement(s) Status:
Vocational Preparatory Required for ATA degree, Required for certificate
Equivalencies At Other Institutions
Other Institution Equivalencies Table
Institution Course # Remarks
Learning Outcomes
After completing this course, the student will be able to:
 1. Understand the operation of the shop, employee and employer responsibilities.
 2. Understand safety and the hazards of the automotive industry, lifting, fire, hazardous waste, and how to react to them.
 3. Understand wheel bearings, their function, and how to successfully service them.
 4. Understand the construction of tires and explain how to identify the proper tire for the vehicle. Understand plys, belts and treads.
 5. Understand the design and operation of shock absorbers and MacPherson struts.
 6. Understand the different types of suspension systems. Understand how to service the following systems: Coil springs, torsion bar, multiple leaf springs, ball joints, I-beam, MacPherson strut, long/short arm, and equal length arms.
 7. Identify the following rear suspension systems: Independent type, leaf-spring type and multi-link type. Explain the service needed to keep them working properly.
 8. Have a basic understanding of computer-controlled components of the vehicles and service procedures.
 9. Understand the purpose, design and operation of power steering pumps and function of drive belts.
 10. Understand and explain how a recirculating ball steering gear functions. Also understand both manual and power steering gears.
 11. Understand the operation and service of a rack and pinion-type steering gear. Identify different types and make necessary adjustments.
 12. Understand the operation and service of four-wheel steering systems. Identify the operation at both lower and higher speeds. Understand parking ability.
 13. Understand and identify the different types of frames and their service.
 14. Understand camber and caster and how to adjust them on all vehicles.
 15. Understand steering axis and toe-in. Explain how to service the steering axis and how to check and service the toe-in or toe-out.
 16. Understand the need for a computerized alignment on your car. Understand the different angles of alignment and how to adjust them.
General Education Learning Values & Outcomes
2. Critical Thinking
Outcomes: Students will be able to...
3. Communication
Outcomes: Students will be able to...
6. Individual Awareness & Responsibility
Outcomes: Students will be able to...
10. Technology
Outcomes: Students will be able to...
Course Contents
 1. Suspension and steering types.
 2. Wheels, tires, and balancing.
 3. Suspension and steering inspection and component service.
 4. Wheel alignment.
 5. Axle and driveshaft service.
 6. Shock absorber and MacPhearson strut service.
 7. Power steering/hydraulic system service.
 8. Vibration diagnosis.


text:
Joshua F Bennett (b. 1794 Kentucky) was my fraternal fourth great-grandfather. He and his family came to Texas before 1850, and were living in Travis County for the 1850 United States Federal Census. He is my "oldest" Texas ancestor, having arrived here the earliest (so far…).
According to Ancestry.com, the surname Bennett is English, derived from "the medieval personal name Benedict (Latin Benedictus meaning 'blessed'). In the 12th century the Latin form of the name is found in England alongside versions derived from the Old French form Beneit, Benoit, which was common among the Normans."
The Internet Surname Database provides the following information about surname Bennett:
This interesting surname derives from the medieval given name "Benedict", from the Latin "Benedictus" meaning blessed. This personal name owed its popularity in the Middle Ages chiefly to St. Benedict (circa 480 – 550), who founded the Benedictine order of monks at Monte Cassino, and wrote a monastic rule that formed a model for all subsequent rules. There were many versions of the name throughout Europe, and in England in the 12th Century the Latin form of the name can be found alongside versions derived from the Old French forms "Beneit" and "Benoit", which were popular among the Normans. The surname dates back to the early 13th Century (see below). London Church Records list the christening of Dennys Bennett on June 15th 1567 at St. Mary at Hill, and the christening of Thomas Bennit on December 1st 1583 at St. John's, Hackney. One John Bennett was an early emigrant to the New World; he is recorded as sailing in the "Plaine Joan" from London in May 1635, bound for Virginia. A Coat of Arms granted to a Bennett family is silver, a chevron between three red lions' heads erased. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of William Benet, which was dated 1208, in the "Charter Rolls of Durham", during the reign of King John, known as "Lackland", 1199 – 1216. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Most of my Bennetts were cattle ranchers, first in Texas, then in Wyoming in the early 20th century.
One Bennett brother, James Bennett, Jr, grandson of Joshua F Bennett, apparently was a "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" kinda guy, having killed a man in San Saba County, Texas ca 1880, then fleeing to Wyoming, where he robbed several banks there and in Montana and even Canada, and was eventually killed trying to rob a bank in Glendive, Montana.
A second grandson of Joshua F was Thomas Joshua Bennett, who became a physician and was elected as president of the Texas State Medical Association:
Those Bennett boys where certainly an interesting and colorful bunch!


text:
Teachers can help
Identify children with Irlen Syndrome because they know which students struggle with reading. If you are a teacher or parent, you may notice the following behaviours when a child is reading
- The child squirms as they read, often changing the direction of their head or the book.
- The child seems to overlook words as they read, skipping them either partially or entirely.
- Child may squint or move closer to the book in an effort to see the words.
- The child adds words to their reading, or changes the words to others that mean the same, but are completely different.
- The child looks away from the words frequently as they read. This is an effort to refocus and stop the movement of words.
- Reading becomes more difficult for the child the longer they are reading.
- They will seem tired and unable to concentrate fairly early on when reading.
If you are a teacher and you suspect a child may have Irlen Syndrome, contact Brainy Picture People to arrange for Irlen screening.


Félix Aceves Ortega
Autores del Libro:
Resumen del Libro:
libro Félix Aceves Ortega
Monographic series dedicated to architects that have worked in the state of Jalisco during the 20th century. Each number of the series follows 4 basic points of the life and workof the 25 selected names: academic formation, influences, professional work and contributionsto the built cultural patrimony of the state. This number is devoted to architect Aceves Ortega (b. Mexico 1938), his unique architecture and his generous contributions to the fine arts with graphic and text testimonies of his work through plans, drawings, photographies and personal accounts that reflect his thoughts and ideals.
Formatos Disponibles: PDF / EPUB
Opciones de descarga:


Author image Mathew Robertson
and 1 contributors
Locale::MakePhrase::LanguageRule - rule instance for a given translation.
This is a container for the currently translated phrase. Its main purpose is to validate the translation rule so that Locale::MakePhrase doesn't need to do it.
When implementing custom backing stores, you will need to construct these per translation that can be returned.
The following methods are available:
Construct an instance of the language rule. Takes a hash or hashref with the following options:
The input phrase used to generate this translation. (The backing store uses it as a search criteria, hence the name 'key'.)
The language tag that is associated with this specific translation.
Since Locale::MakePhrase will ask the backing store for all possible translations of a phrase based on the language tags that it resolved during construction, the translation specific language tag is stored with the actual translation.
The rule expression that will be evaluated when program arguments are supplied when trying to translate a phrase.
When figuring out which rule to apply, Locale::MakePhrase::RuleManager will sort the rules so that the highest priority rules get evaluated first.
This the text that will be output; it can contain placeholders for program argument substitution.
$string key()
Returns the phrase used as the key for translation lookup.
$string language()
Returns the language tag for this translated text.
$string expression()
Returns the expression that will be evaluated for this phrase.
$integer priority()
Return the priority of this phrase.
$string translation()
Returns the output phrase that matches the input key, for the given language.
You shouldn't need to sub-class this module, as it is simply used as a container.


text:
quick find clear
Make a bold statement in your garden with kangaroo paw. This unusual perennial comes from Australia and bears strappy green leaves and upright spikes of fuzzy flowers in radioactively brilliant colors. The blooms last a long time and make great cut flowers.
From 1 to 20 feet
1-3 feet wide
plant Kangaroo paw with
Daylilies are so easy to grow you'll often find them growing in ditches and fields, escapees from gardens. And yet they look so delicate, producing glorious trumpet-shape blooms in myriad colors. In fact, there are some 50,000 named hybrid cultivars in a range of flower sizes (the minis are very popular), forms, and plant heights. Some are fragrant.The flowers are borne on leafless stems. Although each bloom lasts but a single day, superior cultivars carry numerous buds on each scape so bloom time is long, especially if you deadhead daily. The strappy foliage may be evergreen or deciduous.Shown above: 'Little Grapette' daylily


text:
Orange (Citrus sinensis
) Vitality™ has a clean, refreshing scent and flavor and contains the naturally occurring constituent limonene. Young Living uses it in many products, such as NingXia Red® and our proprietary wellness supplement ImmuPro™.Embrace the versatility of Orange Vitality essential oil as a culinary tool by using it in your cooking to brighten up or complement dishes with its citrus flavor. Use it in baked goods for an acidic contrast to the sweetness of desserts and baked goods.Keep your body hydrated by adding a few drops of Orange Vitality oil and other Vitality oils such as Ginger Vitality to your water for a burst of flavor. Orange Vitality combines well with other fruity flavors, making it the perfect addition to smoothies, drinks, and NingXia Red.
Orange Vitality Essential Oil Uses:
- Support your wellness daily by adding 1–2 drops to a vegetarian gel capsule and taking as a dietary supplement.
- Use in culinary dishes—sweet or savory—for added flavor and zest.
- Add 2–3 drops to a water bottle or glass of water for flavor, or mix it with other Vitality essential oils for various flavor combinations. Infusing water with dietary essential oils is a great option for anyone who struggles swallowing pills and capsules.


text:
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
a chemical element, atomic number 29, atomic weight 63.54. (See Appendix 6.) It is necessary for bone formation and for the formation of blood because it occurs in several oxidative enzymes including one involved in the transformation of inorganic iron into hemoglobin. There is little danger of deficiency in ordinary diets because of relatively abundant supply and minute daily requirements. Excessive copper in the body can be toxic, with vomiting, jaundice, hypotension, and sometimes coma; this may occur with excessive intake of medicinal copper salts or in metabolic conditions such as Menkes' syndrome or Wilson's disease.
copper 67 a radioisotope of copper, atomic mass 67, with a half-life of 2.58 days; used in radiotherapy as well as for imaging, tracer kinetic studies, and dosimetry.
cop·per 67 (67Cu),(kop'er),
Beta and gamma emitter with a half-life of 2.580 days.


move and attack, then, is added to the "Power" value; units that have less than two wits available cannot deal assured damage and are not counted. What this reveals is that Power is not just having tons of Wits or tons of Material; it is the balance between the two that is critical.
There are lots of subtle influences on Power; the most important of which is initiative. Who is attacking first? 'Defensive', counterattacking Power (dPower) is different from normal or 'offensive' Power (oPower) for two reasons.
First, it is likely that the defending (counterattacking) side will begin his turn with enemy units adjacent to his own. Adjacency is a big deal: it reduces by half the number of wits the defender must invest to deal assured damage to those adjacent units.
Example: A group of four soldiers and six wits has an oPower of 6, because that is the maximum amount of damage that group could do (two damage per soldier times the number of soldiers with at least two wits available). If that group is attacked first, however, and the attacking player leaves units adjacent to two or more of that group's soldiers (without destroying any of them), the group's Power actually grows to 8, because he can now attack with the two adjacent soldiers for just one wit each, and will still have four more wits for his other two soldiers to use.
The second reason that dPower is different from oPower is that some of the defending side's units are probably not going to be around for the counteroffensive! Looking at the above example, it seems like the attacker has given the defender some free power by leaving some of his units adjacent to surviving defenders. But what if, by doing so, he was able to destroy two of the defender's original four soldiers? If the defender has only two soldiers remaining, it doesn't matter how many wits he has since he can now only do 4 damage for a dPower of 4.
Consider how the scenario changes if the defensive player has a spawn near the point of attack. How many units can he bring to the battle now? Is it the same as before the battle started?
You can see that Power is a complex thing requiring unique analyses is each situation.
If you made it this far, you're either a super nerd, addicted to pain, or you just really love Outwitters! Leave me some feedback, post some discussion, and look forward to the rest of the analysis coming soon!
Section II: Who's Who of Outwitters Units
And away we go!
There are a lot of ways to approach Outwitters units. Each has a specific set of use cases and there are also some overarching concepts that tie them all together. In this first post, I'm going to start profiling the individual units and thier use cases, while also beginning some discussion of the high-level concepts, building on Post #1 and increasing in depth as we go.
This first Units-related Post is going to talk a lot about one of the more common units in Outwitters, especially in low-level play: The Runner.
Unit Profile Format:
Unit Name
Base Stats:
Cost: (cost of the Unit, in Wits)
HP: Hitpoints the Unit has at spawn
Damage: The damage the Unit does when it attacks
Move: The distance the Unit may move
Derived Stats:
Vision: The distance the Unit may see (same as Move)
HP Boost%: The %HP gained from a Medic's Boost
Scramble: (Cost +2 — Damage — Range)
Power efficiency: (Damage / 2)
[Image: Runners.jpg]
Cost: 1
HP: 1
Damage: 1
Move: 5
Vision: 5
HP Boost%: 100%
Scramble: 3 — 1 — 6
Power efficiency: 0.5
Ah, the Runner. The Scout. The Lancer. The Noobhorse. Runners have an ungodly number of potential uses (and names!), but I'm going to leverage all of that reading you did earlier so I can boil it down into just ONE: Runners are all about Liberty. Ok, ok: they also contribute to Material and Power. But they primarily exist to convert Wits into Liberty. If you don't believe me, that's coolit's my job to convince you. Read on.
The primary purpose behind the Runner actually becomes apparent before you even move it; it happens involuntarily and it happens for free. Yes, I'm talking about that instant, glorious, 5-hex radius of visibility around the spawn space. How many hexes is that? 90. Nine-Zero. A soldier, by comparison, reveals a paltry 36. The Vision that a Runner provides, even right out of the gate, is about half of what makes the runner so valuable. A single, well-placed Runner can reduce the percentage of Uncertainty on even a large map by 60%; a well-positioned Runner on SFI or Glitch can reduce uncertainty to zero or nearly zero. Uncertainty is a huge part of Liberty, and The Runner is unquestionably the most efficient recuder of Uncertainty available.
The other Liberty-influencing facet of the Runner (and the necessary corollary to its vision) is its Move of 5. 5 is enourmous. 5 is a tremendous, wit-snatching, base-poking, spawn-blockingly great number. 5 is almost twice as far as the next-fastest Unit, and that is a big deal. When you're playing Outwitters at a high level, you are going to spend A LOT of time counting hexes, and the number you are going to be counting to the most is— your guessed it— 5. At least until you memorize all of the shapes that five hexes can take, and can see the Runner's potential path at a glance. A move of 5 affects Liberty in no less than ALL FOUR ways:
Runners and Base:
Move-of-5 affects Base, becuase no other single unit is as capable of reaching and reducing a player's Base than the Runner, let alone doing it for 4-5 wit total investment over as few as two(!) turns. The Runner is also one of the few units or unit-combinations that can hit the Base by surprise, and if you don't think that is important, you have not beeen playing this game for long.
Aside: The only other close contender? Mobi-Sniper, which admittedly does it at a greater distance (7) but for about 4 times the cost (3 wit sniper + 7 wit Mobi + 0-2 wit boost + 3 mobi moves + mobi trans + sniper attack = 17 Wits over FIVE turns or more. [Mobi-Bombshell can also perform this function to strike at range 8, but at an even higher cost].
Runners and Threat:
Put simply, Runners ARE threat personified. Runners are why snipers really cost four wits and not three, and why specials cost eight and not seven. Runners are why medics die young and why far-flung wit spaces require protection. Runners are why spawn spaces need to stay covered or defended at all times, and why another un-boosted runner is probably not sufficient to accomplish that defense duty. That 1-wit runner you built and the two wits you spent to boost and move it will probably cost your opponent tens of wits over the course of a match, just to keep his precious glass cannons and economy protected from it.
Runners and Uncertainty:
Beyond the ways we discussed above that Runners can decrease Uncertainty for you, Runners also influence Uncertainty by increasing it for your Opponent. They do so in three major ways:
1. Killing your opponent's Runners. This is a primary objective in Outwitters, given all of the things that a Runner can do for a side. This is the main reason that Runners get boosted, since doing so makes them much more powerful in Runner Duels (more on that later).
2. Hiding outside your opponent's LOS. If your opponent knows you are building Runners, or if you have shown him that you have one, every grey space outside his LOS is going to mock him. Can he really afford to move his sniper a hex forward? Can he really afford to abandon that wit space to press his attack? Can he really leave his spawn undefended? These sorts of hesitations and uncertainties are what plague the minds of even the best Outwitters players, and at the very least will require your opponent to invest a wit or two (and delay his attack) to find out.
3. Screening (stepping in front of) your forces during crucial moments. This is a crafty use of the Runner, but it should not be underestimated. Which is more likely to cause your opponent to respond: two lone runners on his northern flank with a Power of 2? Or a Heavy and a Sniper on his northern flank with a total power of 6? What if those two Runners move into position first, and are then secretly backed up by the Heavy + Sniper (for a total power of 8)? This is tricky to pull off, but devastating in effect if it is missed or ignored. Even if you opponent does repond, he is unlikely to commit large enough number to deal with the threat concealed behind; and the two-runner-screen also works well as a feint to draw your opponent's attention elsewhere and burn wits.
Runners and Space:
Runners are the major


text: Cultural Mobility is a blueprint and a model for understanding the patterns of meaning that human societies create. Drawn from a wide range of disciplines, the essays collected here under the distinguished editorial guidance of Stephen Greenblatt share the conviction that cultures, even traditional cultures, are rarely stable or fixed. Radical mobility is not a phenomenon of the twenty-first century alone, but is a key constituent element of human life in virtually all periods. Yet academic accounts of culture tend to operate on exactly the opposite assumption and to celebrate what they imagine to be rooted or whole or undamaged. To grasp the shaping power of colonization, exile, emigration, wandering, contamination, and unexpected, random events, along with the fierce compulsions of greed, longing, and restlessness, cultural analysis needs to operate with a new set of principles. An international group of authors spells out these principles and puts them into practice.


text:
Clinical Trials Search
Clinical Trial 16914
Cancer Type: Gynecological Tumor
Study Type: Other
Phase of Study: Pilot
- Heather Jim
Sickness Behaviors in Gynecologic Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy
This research is being done to find out if there is a link between side effects of chemotherapy and inflammation. To do this, we are going to be measuring several markers of inflammation in the blood, such as soluble interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6), creactive protein (CRP), and soluble receptor tumor necrosis factor II (sTNFR-II). In order to study the role of inflammation in side effects of chemotherapy for gynecologic cancer, we need to collect and compare information from patients who receive chemotherapy as well as from people who have no history of cancer.
Aim 1: To identify the magnitude and features of changes in sickness behaviors (i.e., fatigue,depression, and disruptions in sleep and activity) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in gynecologic cancer patients treated with chemotherapy compared to women without cancer. The cancer sample is expected to demonstrate greater increases in sickness behaviors and pro-inflammatory cytokines during chemotherapy than the non-cancer sample. Comparisons will also provide information on whether sickness behaviors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cancer sample are elevated prior to chemotherapy and whether they increase, decrease, or remain stable following completion of chemotherapy. Sickness behaviors in patients are expected to increase in a cascade pattern, with sleep disruptions predicting lagged increases in fatigue and fatigue predicting lagged increases in depression. Aim 2: To examine changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines as a mechanism of changes in sickness behaviors related to receipt of platinumand taxane-based chemotherapy. It is expected that pro - inflammatory cytokines will be positively correlated with sickness behaviors over time. It is also expected that pro-inflammatory cytokines will mediate the relationship between patient/non-patient status and sickness behaviors over time. Aim 3: To examine the effects of experimental induction of relaxed mood on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and sickness behaviors in women treated for gynecologic cancer who report clinically significant fatigue or depression. It is expected that decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, fatigue, and depression will be seen shortly after induction of relaxed mood but not neutral mood.
> Inclusion Criteria for All Participants:


Paolo Veronese
Resize Text
pen and ink drawing of religious figure carrying cross, drawing repeated twice
Paolo Veronese (1528–88)
Studies for Christ Carrying the Cross
c. 1571
Pen and gray-brown ink and wash
Samuel Courtauld Trust: Princes Gate Bequest, 1978
Many of Veronese's drawings are in pen and ink and were made to assist the artist in developing his compositions. This example is related to a painting of Christ carrying the Cross and records two ideas for the central scene of Christ and his tormentors. Figures and compositions almost merge into one another, conveying a sense of the excitement and speed with which the artist worked.


text:
Proverbs in marriage: Counselling role and implications
The Akans of Ghana perceive marriage as an important ritual and an aspect of their socio-cultural life. Because of the importance attached to marriage and due to the fact that it is a preserve for the matured in society, the language used for its contraction is sophisticated and infused with proverbs. In recent times, the role of proverbs as a marriage-counselling tool has been overlooked in contemporary counselling. This paper, from a Pragmatic and Relevance Theory (RT) perspective, looked at the counselling role Akan proverbs play in marriage contraction. This descriptive qualitative study purposively selected proverbs in three episodes in different contexts of marriage contraction to see how they were used as counselling tools. The analysis of the data indicated that proverbs play a major counselling role in marriage. The counselling roles concentrated on themes like patience, co-operation, respect, sex, self-denial, hard work, faithfulness, loyalty, humility, child bearing and caring, and love. The implication is that contemporary professional marriage counsellors and priests should employ proverbs in their counselling sessions because proverbs portray what the Akan cherish as their worldview and an embodiment of their soul. This will ensure a clear understanding of the complexities of marriage.
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The copyright of all papers published in Legon Journal of the Humanities is vested in the journal. By agreeing to publish the accepted version of the paper in LJH, contributors automatically cede copyright of the manuscript to the journal. This notwithstanding, contributors may use parts of their published articles for non-commercial purposes, e.g., course material, conferences, and academic profile webpage.
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While LJH published papers (new and archived) can be freely downloaded from its website in compliance with its gratis open access policy, hard copies of current and recent issues as well as offprints of specific papers can only be provided on demand.
Citation of a paper from LJH should include name of quoted author, journal title, volume, number, title of paper, page, year of publication, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI)/Uniform Resource Locator(URL).