?d)[edit]
General Tullius was an Imperial General of the Legion. Originally from Cyrodiil, he was appointed Military Governor of Skyrim and tasked with crushing the Stormcloak Rebellion. Tullius firmly believed that Ulfric Stormcloak and his rebellion were a threat to the Empire which had to be eradicated, and that Ulfric was nothing more than a power-hungry usurper. Amongst supporters of the Empire, Tullius was commonly regarded as their best hope for victory. A very taciturn and serious man, he initially held little interest in Nordic culture, viewing it as nonsense, but eventually he learned to respect it. Tullius also despised the Thalmor, and believed the Stormcloak Rebellion was a mere interlude in the Empire's real conflict with the Aldmeri Dominion, even going so far as to remark that they almost made him want to throw in with the Stormcloaks. He believed the entire rebellion could be blamed on the Thalmor, who stirred it up to force the Empire to waste precious resources and soldiers. For more information, see the lore article.
Turala (?b - ?d)[edit]
A character in the historical fiction 2920, The Last Year of the First Era. In the series, the Dunmer woman is banished from House Redoran by Duke Brindisi Dorom (her former lover), becomes a witch of the Skeffington Coven in Phrygias, then summons Mehrunes Dagon to destroy Old Mourhold as an act of revenge after being led to believe the Duke was responsible for the coven's destruction.
 1. ^ The Monomyth
 2. ^ Events of Tribunal
 3. ^ From The Memory Stone of Makela LekiMakela Leki
 4. ^ Pocket Guide to the Empire, 3rd Edition: The War with the Trees: Argonia and the Black MarshImperial Geographical Society, 3E 432
 5. ^ A History of DaggerfallOdiva Gallwood
 6. ^ Stolen item description in ESO
 7. ^ Pocket Guide to the Empire, 1st Edition: HammerfellImperial Geographical Society, 2E 864
 8. ^ Pocket Guide to the Empire, 3rd Edition: The Ra Gada: HammerfellImperial Geographical Society, 3E 432
 10. ^ a b Brief History of the Empire, Part IVStronach k'Thojj III, Imperial Historian
 11. ^ a b Lord of SoulsGreg Keyes
 12. ^ Pocket Guide to the Empire, 1st Edition: High RockImperial Geographical Society, 2E 864
 13. ^ The Infernal CityGreg Keyes
 14. ^ A Concise Account of the Great War Between the Empire and the Aldmeri DominionLegate Justianus Quintius
 15. ^ Events of Skyrim
 16. ^ The Wild ElvesKier-Jo Chorvak
 17. ^ a b The Improved Emperor's Guide to Tamriel: Black MarshFlaccus Terentius, 2E 581
 18. ^ Events of Oblivion
 19. ^ Pocket Guide to the Empire, 3rd Edition: OrsiniumImperial Geographical Society, 3E 432
 20. ^ Galerion The MysticAsgrim Kolsgreg


text:
Board of Governors' Award for Excellence in Teaching
The winner receives a citation and a one-time stipend of $12,500. One recipient is selected by each of the 16 constituent institutions of the UNC system. Letter of Recommendation required.Submit a Nomination
- Any tenured faculty member who has taught at UNC-Chapel Hill for at least seven years is eligible. This includes faculty members in Academic Affairs, Health Affairs, and professional schools.
- Nominees must be teaching undergraduates in the academic year in which they are selected.
- Recipients must have demonstrated excellent or exceptional undergraduate teaching over a sustained period of time, and nominations should document that record.
- Nominees must be teaching in the academic year in which they are nominated.
- Faculty members may receive this award only once. Check the list of previous winners to be sure.
The committee screens nominations and selects several finalists, who are asked to submit a portfolio for review. The portfolio includes, but is not limited to, the following:
- A current curriculum vitae
- A statement articulating the nominee's teaching philosophy and methods used to achieve educational goals. This statement may include contributions the nominee has made to the intellectual environment at UNC-Chapel Hill and any special or innovative methods they employ.
- Copies of syllabi and other relevant course materials from three courses the nominee has taught and samples of materials from other teaching and learning activities
- A summary of student ratings of courses and other educational experiences that have been evaluated in the previous two years
- Copies of any peer teaching observations
- Names of two or three colleagues and up to five former students of the nominee from whom the selection committee may request evaluations. Nominees are also asked to provide class rolls so current students may be contacted.
The committee may also collect additional data or materials about the nominees' teaching, including videotapes, classroom observation by committee members, and telephone interviews with alumni and current students. The committee will forward its recommendations to the Chancellor.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Author(s): Gifford JL, Hunter HN, Vogel HJ
Abstract Share this page
Abstract The peptide lactoferricin (Lfcin) can be released from the multifunctional protein lactoferrin (LF) through proteolysis by pepsin under acidic conditions, a reaction that occurs naturally in the stomach. Lfcin encompasses a large portion of the functional domain of the intact protein, and in many cases it not only retains the activities of LF but is more active. Lfcin possesses strong antimicrobial and weak antiviral activities, and it also has potent antitumor and immunological properties. This review covers the current state of research in this field, focusing on the many beneficial activities of this peptide. Throughout we will discuss the breadth of Lfcin activity as well as the mechanism of action. Many recent studies have drawn attention to the fact that the main site of action for the peptide may be intracellular. In addition the results of structural and dynamic studies of Lfcin are presented, and the relationship between structure and activity is explored.
This article was published in Cell Mol Life Sci
and referenced in


I went through the ActiveMQ 4.0 RC2 code, checking how temporary topics are implemented. They seem to be regular topics, with generated pseudo-random topic names. Names are created by concatenating the connection identifier and a counter number. Is this correct? Is there a possibility of name-clashes between two clients? Or does the connection identifier take care of this? How hard it is to wiretap a temporary topic? If I understood correctly, broker does not dispatch messages to clients not listening to given topic. So wiretapping requires knowing/guessing temp topic names, correct? I'm a bit worried on this because incremental counter is used to generate topic names. Guessing the name of a temp topic created by another client is quite easy. Why a cryptographically strong pseudo random number is not used instead? In Java they can be obtained very easily by using java.util.UUID.


Why Is My Dog Eating Grass-Can Dogs Eat Grass
Have you been wondering "why is my dog eating grass?"
Do you have a dog munching up grass as fast as they can, or do they just chew a few blades slowly choosing carefully which ones theySmall brown dog in long grass getting ready to eat some grass want. There is a difference between the two with what is going on with your dog. So, why is your dog eating grass, can dogs eat grass and be OK, and what does it mean when dogs eat grass?
Dogs Eat All Kinds Of Things
If you have read some of my other articles, you have already probably heard about Hunter and Jake. They are the two Golden Retrievers that I had (I only have one left now). They have gotten into all kinds of trouble over the years. Needless to say, eating everything they would come across was another one of their passions.
They have eaten rocks, (many, many), blacktop, and of course they have eaten enough grass to mow an entire 18 hole golf course over the years. Of course when they have eaten rocks or blacktop, they always need to eat grass after, since they need to get that back out of their stomach. I do worry about them eating the rocks or blacktop, but I have stopped worrying about them eating grass.
Can Dogs Eat Grass
Yes, it is fine for dogs to eat grass. In fact, many veterinarians consider eating grass a normal dog behavior. Dogs in the wild also eat grass. "Pica" is a term for eating things that are not characterized as food. This is quite common among dogs.
Though there is no nutritional value from eating grass, eating grass won't hurt your dog unless there are fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides used on the grass. Always make sure if your dog is eating grass, that the grass hasn't been recently treated with any chemicals.
Not all dogs will vomit from eating grass. Less than 25% of dogs that eat grass will vomit after eating grass. Dogs that just nibble on grass generally won't vomit and they may be eating it just because they enjoy the texture of the grass, or they might just need a little roughage in their diet. Grass is the most commonly eaten plant by dogs.
Being natural scavengers, dogs are programmed to search for nutrition wherever they can find it. Your dog might be eating grass because they like the flavor, or it could be because they are missing a nutritional need and their regular food isn't filling that need, especially if they are missing fiber.Black and white dog chewing on some grass
Why Do Dogs Eat Grass When Sick
If you are reading this, you probably have experience when your dog might have a sudden burp and runs to the door. When you let him out, he immediately gulps down several mouths full of grass and then vomits it all up. Other signs you may have learned along the way is when your dog is suddenly very anxious, often extending his neck and making swallowing motions. Again, you probably quickly run to the door because of past experience, let your dog outside and they immediately start gulping down grass as quickly as they possibly can and than shortly after, vomit.
Dogs that eat grass to make themselves vomit, usually swallow grass as quickly as possible, barely chewing it. The long, unchewed pieces of grass tickle their throats to bring on the vomiting reaction. They will usually have this behavior when your dog has a gassy or upset stomach.
There could be other reasons that your dog eats grass. Your dog could be suffering from bloating, nausea, gas, suffering from intestinal upset, or something more serious like gastric relux or inflammatory bowel disease. You should talk to your vet if you can't figure out what is causing your dog's distress.
You know your dog better than anyone else, so you need to figure out what could be bothering your dog to cause this type of behavior. If you have seen your dog ingest something that they shouldn't have, then you already have your answer, but there are other reasons why your dog might be having issues.
There are also times when your dog might just randomly choose a piece of grass here or there and slowly chew on grass. This could be because they might simply enjoy the taste of grass, or it could be out of boredom. If it is boredom, you should make sure that your dog is getting enough mental stimulation either with exercise or mental challenges.
Dogs know what's best when it comes to intentionally voiding their system of something that could be toxic. Many experts also believe eating grass is a form of self-medication for your dog.Small tan puppy out in the grass
How To Help Your Dog
Many dog owners have found that when they have changed their dog over to a high fiber dog food, that the grass eating has stopped. If you are looking to try a high fiber dog food, my recommendation is Blue Wilderness Adult Grain Free Salmon Dog Food.
If you decide to change your dog to a new food, make sure to mix old food with new food. This will be easier on their system than just completely changing their food to a new one.
You can add raw or lightly steamed fruits or vegetables. This might add the roughage that could calm your dog's cravings. Dog friendly fruits and vegetables include sweet potatoes, carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, snap peas, green beans, cucumbers, bananas, apples, and lettuce.
Add probiotics and digestive enzymes to your dog's diet. Enzymes provide a rich source of amylase, lipase and protease, which can help your dog process food more successfully.
Probiotics can make sure that your dog has good bacteria in their stomach, which can help with eliminating your dog's upset stomach. This is healthy for humans and pets. If you are adding probiotics to your dog's diet, you will want to make sure that you are getting a probiotic that is specially designed for dogs.
Probiotics formulas for humans were developed for humans. Dogs have a specific strain of bacteria unique to them, so they need a unique probiotic designed just for them. I would recommend Complete Probiotic for Pets.
Tips If You Have A Grass EaterSmall tan and black dog standing in long grass
I hope this article helps you if you were wondering why is my dog eating grass. Dogs can eat grass without harming themselves, as long as there aren't any fertilizers on the grass.
If you have a dog that likes to eat grass either just for the enjoyment of it, or because they quickly need to eat some grass to help an upset stomach, I have a few suggestions to help you out.
You can grow a grass or herb garden that is specifically for your dog. This way you will be sure that it is free of pesticides or fertilizers. It won't take up much space, you can even grow in large pots, and you will always have greens available for your dog.
If you live in an area that has snow and you have decorative grasses around your home, make sure not to cut them down in the fall. This will allow something green that in most cases will stay above the snow and give your dog available greens in the winter when they need them.
I used to cut down my decorative grasses in the fall to be ready for the spring, but for several years, I left several standing in the backyard that my dogs were able to get to even with all the snow. This ended up being very helpful for them when they weren't able to find any other grasses.
Make sure if you have a grass eater, that it is only grass that they are eating. There are many plants and flowers that you might have planted by your house that could be toxic to your dog. If you are interested in seeing common landscaping plants that are toxic to dogs, read poisonous plants for dogs.
If you have any questions, or suggestions that could help others with their grass eaters, please leave a comment below. You can follow justforyourdog.com on Pinterest, Twitter or FaceBook for all the latest updates on dogs.
 1. Awesome post. I learned a lot and I'm relieved to know dogs can eat grass. I'm a huge dog lover and have several of them. I also tend other people's dogs occasionally. Thanks goodness my dogs don't eat plants. I have deer that do that and even pumpkins in the fall. Oh how we love our animals!
 - Thank you for reading. You are lucky you don't have grass eaters. My Golden Retrievers seem to think it is a great treat, and sometimes walks can be a bit slow while they stop and mow everyone's yard. I also have deer eating my plants around here.
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text:
- The HANDLE® Paradigm
- Understanding Behaviours
- HANDLE® Evaluations
- Stories and Testimonials
The HANDLE® Paradigm
HANDLE is a systems approach.
Our bodies are systems that interact with larger systems (family, school, social milieu, work).
Our internal and external environments influence each other.
Environmental offenders stress one's systems, making it difficult to stay attentive or engaged.
HANDLE is an approach, not a technique, not a one size fits all.
HANDLE is a neurodevelopmental readiness approach.
HANDLE incorporates principles and practices from many varied disciplines including neuroscience, education, psychology, nutrition etc.
HANDLE takes a nonjudgemental view of behaviours as a method of communicating what cannot be expressed with words.
HANDLE does not attempt to mask or control behaviours, but rather understand their message.
Across the lifespan the brain adapts in relation to input through neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis.
Imposed demands, when conflicting with an individual's internal need inhibit typical neurodevelopment, and can even cause developmental disorders.
Toxicity and nutrition are two environmental factors that greatly affect neurodevelopment.
HANDLE recognizes that organized movement, supported by proper nutrition:
- Organizes mental processing
- Influences the body's biochemistry
- Helps mold the actual structure of the brain
- Leads to myelination of neural pathways
HANDLE® addresses all forms of learning (academic, language, motor, social, emotional...) throughout the lifespan.
Learning is the ongoing process of using sensory-motor, social, and emotional input to realign our output into effective behaviour.
Differences in sensory processing (in any of the systems) influence one's preferred learning modalities.
Serious disorders in one system and/or significant differences in a number of systems can create learning challenges that will remain until the foundational systems are strengthened and integrated.
All senses must be strengthened and integrated in order to form a whole based on comprehensive sensory information.
Efficiency is more than just effective performance on a task
Expending the least amount of energy
Utilizing the fewest resources
With minimum stress
To achieve the desired result or performance
Please see _URL_ for more information on:
The HANDLE Approach
List of Providers around the world
Schedule of Events
Details about various disorders
Some activity instructions
Articles and Resources
And much more

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


p2[0]
 s32_y = p3[1] - p2[1]
 denom = s10_x * s32_y - s32_x * s10_y
 if denom == 0 : return None # collinear
 denom_is_positive = denom > 0
 s02_x = p0[0] - p2[0]
 s02_y = p0[1] - p2[1]
 s_numer = s10_x * s02_y - s10_y * s02_x
 if (s_numer < 0) == denom_is_positive : return None # no collision
 t_numer = s32_x * s02_y - s32_y * s02_x
 if (t_numer < 0) == denom_is_positive : return None # no collision
 if (s_numer > denom) == denom_is_positive or (t_numer > denom) == denom_is_positive : return None # no collision
 # collision detected
 t = t_numer / denom
 intersection_point = [ p0[0] + (t * s10_x), p0[1] + (t * s10_y) ]
 return intersection_point
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If each side of the rectangle is a line segment, and the user drawn portion is a line segment, then you need to just check the user drawn segment for intersection with the four side line segments. This should be a fairly simple exercise given the start and end points of each segment.
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Note that this was a reasonable answer to the question as originally framed but now that the question has been edited heavily it doesn't make so much sense. – Ganesh Sittampalam Jan 10 at 22:12
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text:
Asked by lovemaan5500 | 27th Dec, 2017, 01:27: PM
Figure shows the position of 1.5 kg and 1 kg mass at initial and final status. It can be seen from figure that string length from 1.5 kg mass to pully is changed to √5 m. Initially string length from 1.5 kg mass to pully was 1 m. Hence the height raised by 1 kg mass is (√5-1)m.
Let us account the energy gain/loss.
1.5 kg mass has lost its potential energy of height 1 m. This loss of potential energy ΔE1 = 1.5×9.8*1 = 14.7 Joules
1 kg mass has increased its potential energy of height (√5-1) metre is ΔE2 = 1×9.8×(√5-1) = 12.11 Joules.
The difference of energy between ΔE1 and ΔE2 is converted into kinetic energy of 1.5 kg mass at final status.
Answered by | 1st Jan, 2018, 10:34: PM
- ex. 2c q 6
- ex. 2c q 5
- exercise 2b q 24
- exercise 2c q6
- exercise 2c q5
- what exactly is gravitational potential energy? is it the potential energy of the force of gravity or the potential energy against the force of gravity?
- What is kinetic and potential energy?
- A body of mass m is moving with velocity v. Write the expression for its kinetic energy.
- A solid metal weighing 150 g melts at its melting point of 800 degree C by providing heat of 100 W. The time taken for it to completely melt at the same temperature is 4 min. What is the specific latent heat of fusion of the metal?
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text:
We are starting to build tutorial using ArduBlock starting from the examples in the book "Getting Started with Arduino."
Example 01: Blinking LED (page 30)
We have been waiting for this. Our students love the Ardublock environment. They did Blinking LED and followed along withe the instructions in the book. Although the program was somewhat by not using the const int LED=13 line, they were able to still understand what was going on. We also went over what was happening in the sketch to see what the Arduino IDE was doing in the sketch after we loaded it. Our students have used scratch alot in the past so the concept of using blocks was very easy to understand. They were able to experiment with the numbers to get different outputs. It took a moment to figure out how to delete a block but it was easily understood. Deleting something without dragging it would be a good feature. What a great GUI for our students to use and we can't wait for more!!
Thanks. Saw the photos on Facebook! It's exciting!


Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Roman Food Storage Jar
Shipping calculated at checkout.
This simple but functional Roman food storage jar is based on one found during excavations at Nottingham. Plain ceramic vessels such as this would have been widely used in kitchens across the Roman Empire, on a daily basis.
Earthenware, terracotta
Approx. 205 mm tall, 120 mm diameter
This replica Roman pot has been hand made in Northumberland by Potted History, inspired by original artefacts. It has been wood fired to emulate authentic the original Roman firing conditions, to a temperature of between 800°C & 1000°C. This process often results in variations of the surface colour and texture, emulating original Roman Pottery and giving each pot it's unique character.
Health and Safety
This is a Museum Quality Replica made using the tools and techniques that would have been used during the Roman era. As this is an unglazed pot with a porous surface it will absorb some of the flavours during us, which does add to the flavour of future dishes. However, it does also mean that this pot does not meet modern Health and Safety standards and therefore we do not advise that it is used for food storage with. When the Romans cooked in ceramic pots they would rely on applying sufficient heat to the pot and contents to ensure that all bacteria was killed. Heating to over 70°C for at least 10 minutes would have killed most disease causing bacteria and temperatures of 100°C would do even more.


NSF Grant: Law & Social Sciences (LSS)
Law & Social Sciences (LSS)(nsf12507)
The Law & Social Sciences Program considers proposals that address
program is inherently interdisciplinary and multi-methodological.
Successful proposals describe research that advances scientific
theory and understanding of the connections between law or legal
processes and human behavior. Social scientific studies of law
participation of multiple actors. Fields of study include many
disciplines, and often address problems including though not
limited to:
1. Crime, Violence and Punishment
2. Economic Issues
3. Governance
4. Legal Decisionmaking
5. Legal Mobilization and Conceptions of Justice
6. Litigation and the Legal Profession
LSS provides the following modes of support
1. Standard Research Grants and Grants for Collaborative Research
2. Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grants
3. Interdisciplinary Postdoctoral Fellowships
4. Workshop and Conference Proposals
For details: _URL_


How can a general election happen?
Moments of political turmoil still regularly produce a flurry of comment about how the Prime Minister might / should / will / must call an early general election, written as if the rules on calling a general election have not changed.
But they have, for the Fixed-term Parliaments Act of 2011 is now in force and the sorts of calculations that were relevant during previous political excitements are no longer relevant. Put simply, a Prime Minister can no longer simply call an early general election because they want to.
The cover of the Fixed Term Parliaments ActFirst, the House of Commons can vote for one – but the number of votes for must be equal to or greater than two thirds of the number of seats in the House (including vacant seats).
In other words, even if a Prime Minister has a single-party majority, they cannot simply summon up an early general election. Only a Prime Minister in possession of a massive landslide or cross-party agreement could vote one through under this provision.
(This means that during both the 2010 and 2015 Parliaments, a 'snap general election' could not simply be called by the Prime Minister, despite some pundits who should know better liking speculating that they should or were about to.)
In other words, if a Prime Minister were to demand an early election, call a vote of no confidence in themselves and even get his own party to vote for the motion – there is no general election. Instead, the leader of the opposition would get the chance to form a government first. It is only if they – and everyone else – fails that there is then an early general election.
It might appear there is a third route: repeal the Fixed-term Parliaments Act of 2011, but that's not the simple step it sounds.
It has two problems. First, repealing legislation requires both the Commons and the Lords (in which no one party has a majority) to vote for it. That means even if a Prime Minister sorts the votes amongst MPs, they still have to persuade peers of other parties to vote for repeal – and it takes time for legislation to get through both Houses of Parliament if there isn't cross-party agreement to speed it through. You don't get a snap election if you need the Lords to vote through repeal.
Second, repealing the legislation may well not work. There is a weighty legal argument that simply repealing it does not restore the Royal Prerogative under which the PM used to have the power to call a general election whenever they wanted. Which means you need new legislation.
Which in turn means you need a majority in both houses, including the House of Lords, and it takes enough time to make it far from a 'snap' election. If the Lords indeed even does decide to vote for the new legislation. If it doesn't, the government can of course still use the Parliament Act to force the new bill through. But its one year delay on top of the time spent debating and voting on the legislation makes for not a snap election, nor a lethargic election, but a distant election.
14 responses to "How can a general election happen?"
 1. It would be very difficult for Labour, however, to oppose a motion for an early general election – especially as they did not accept the principle of the Fixed Term Parliaments Act. Miliband could abstain – which would have the same impact in this case as a 'no', but without the responsibility – but it would extraordinarily weak.
 - Robert – imagine the scenario: Cameron resigns, demands an election. Would it really be hard for Labour to say: "OK, resign if you want to, but the law says we get a chance first to form a government so that is just what we will do"? I don't think so at all, and the end result of Cameron's action wouldn't be an election but Miliband in No.10.
 - Mark Pack But that would rely on almost every other party supporting him, wouldn't it? And if that is not likely, as it isn't, surely the Queen wouldn't appoint him to then find that out? She simply wouldn't appoint him, so Cameron still gets his election I think. [the barrier to me seems public opinion in that kind of behaviour, but I think you could probably make the case]
 - Matthew Turner Cameron only falls if the Lib Dems vote against him. So for an election the Lib Dems would need to vote against Cameron and then also decide they didn't want Miliband (as Lab + Lib Dem + others would in this circumstance win at least the confidence vote – however unstable the government might then be). Can you really imagine the Lib Dem MPs saying "we don't want either" – and not being wiped-out as a result? Pretty hard I think. Not impossible, but my point is that if Cameron tries to call an election by quitting he may well find instead that Miliband is in No.10 and no election. We can debate what percentage number to put on "may well", but whatever the number it's a lot bigger than it was under the old rules, viz zero.
 - Mark Pack I definitely agree with last sentence, but the Conservatives only need to find 10 MPs from other parties who don't want a Labour led govt. So definitely there's a risk, but presumably some of the regional parties might want an election as much as the Tories. Furthermore, in a normal majority situation it would be relatively easy (unless I suppose someone like David Davis did a deal and could bring over some Tories).
 2. Wholly true and utterly relevant. Tory MP Mr Reckless was giving the 'none of us would want a general election, would we?' line on PM tonight on Radio 4, apparently forgetting that it is no longer up to Cameron. The Fixed-term Parliaments Act may prove to be the key achievement of the coalition (On this see Matt Cole's chapter in 'Prime Minister Boris', which foresees just this situation).
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There are various reasons why you may be experiencing an echo on your calls. Please follow the below listed actions to troubleshoot this issue.
1. Check if you're able to reproduce this issue on our Sample App. If not, this may be an implementation issue on your end.
2. Check that your test devices are in a separated environment and not in close proximity to each other.
3. Check that you're using the latest SDK version.
4. Use a headset/ earphones.
 - If you hear an echo on a 1-1 call, ask the participating peer to wear a headset/earphone to communicate.
 - If you hear an echo on a multiparty call, ask each participating peer to mute one by one to identify the origin of the echo. Ask that peer to use a headset/earphone or mute themselves when they are not actively speaking during the call.
Other Audio Troubleshooting Documentation you may wish to see
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text:
February 9, 2000
Java Programming, Lecture Notes # 302
by Richard G. Baldwin
This lesson is primarily concerned with the use of the java.awt.geom.Point2D class. It also illustrates the use of nested top-level classes in the Java 2D Graphics API. This is a concept that was explained in an earlier tutorial lesson. If you aren't familiar with this concept, you should review the earlier tutorial that explains it.
The concept of a point is central to most graphics models. A point is a specification of a particular location in space. It has neither height, nor width, nor depth. Therefore, it cannot be rendered on your computer screen, although it might be possible to render a pixel on your screen that occupies a space generally specified by the point.
Although points can exist in three-dimensional space, that is not our interest in the current series of lessons. This series of lessons in concerned with the Java 2D (two-dimensional) API. Hence, a point in our 2D space represents a location in that space commonly specified by a pair of coordinate values, horizontal (x) and vertical (y).
You may already be familiar with the notion of performing graphic operations in Cartesian coordinates. This is similar, except in Cartesian coordinates, the positive direction of y-displacement is normally up, while in our current frame of reference, the direction of positive y-displacement is down. As in typical Cartesian coordinates, the direction of positive x-displacement is to the right.
So, an object of the java.awt.geom.Point2D class encapsulates a pair of coordinate values that specify a location in our coordinate system. Many of the graphic objects that we will encounter later as we continue to pursue the Java 2D Graphics API are constructed on a foundation of points. For example, four points could be used to specify the corners of a rectangle, and three points could be used to specify the apexes of a triangle. A large number of points could be used to specify a curved line made up of many short straight-line segments.
The Point2D class demonstrates the use of nested top-level classes, which is an inheritance concept used throughout the 2D API. This is a concept where one or more subclasses are defined as static classes inside their superclass. The details of this concept were presented in an earlier tutorial lesson.
While an object of the Point2D class encapsulates the coordinates of a location in space, that class alone doesn't specify how the coordinate values are stored. Rather, two nested subclasses named Point2D.Double and Point2D.Float are used to actually store the coordinate information. An object of the first subclass stores the coordinate information as type double while an object of the second subclass stores the coordinate information as type float. Apparently, however, it is usually satisfactory to treat those objects as type Point2D, because many of the standard methods that use an object of the type Point2D will determine the actual subclass type and then behave accordingly.
The Java 2D API became available with the release of JDK 1.2. Prior to that time, the Java AWT included a class named Point that could also be used to specify the coordinates of a location in space. Objects of the Point class have, since the beginning, specified the coordinate values as type int, and that is still the case. With the release of the 2D API, the Point class now extends the Point2D class. However, Point is not a nested subclass of Point2D. It is simply a subclass of Point2D.
The Point2D class provides several methods that are inherited by its subclasses, and can be used to operate on objects instantiated from those subclasses. Most of the methods have several overloaded versions. Generally the methods provide the following capabilities:
The sample program that I will present later will make use of some of these capabilities.
The two nested subclasses provide (apparently overridden versions of) the set and get methods for setting and getting the coordinate values as the appropriate type. The Point2D.Float class provides set methods for input parameters of either type double or type float. Presumably if the coordinate values are provided as type double, they are converted to type float and saved as that type.
Curiously, the get methods of the Point2D.Float class do not provide an overridden version to return coordinate values of type float. Rather, they return the coordinate values as type double even if this means returning inaccurate double results. This is illustrated in the sample program that I will present later.
Both of the nested subclasses provide an overridden toString() method that returns a String that represents the type of object and the coordinate values of the point.
The Point class provides methods to accomplish generally the same behavior as described above for the new classes in the 2D API, although in some cases the syntax is different. In addition, the Point class provides methods to
Since the Point class is not new to the Java 2D API, I probably won't have much to say about it in this series of lessons. The biggest difference between the Point class, which has existed since JDK 1.0, and the Point2D class that was released with JDK 1.2 is:
The sample program presented later will illustrate the use of the nested subclasses named Point2D.Double and Point2D.Float.
This sample program, named Point01.java is designed to illustrate the use of the two nested top-level classes that are contained in, and extend the class named Point2D. I will break the program into fragments for discussion. A complete listing of the program is provided at the end of the lesson.
The first fragment (Figure 1) shows an import directive to remind us that we are working with a class that belongs to the java.awt.geom package.
This fragment also shows the beginning of the definition of the controlling class named Point01. Two instance variables are declared, each of type Point2D. Later, these instance variables will be used to contain references to two objects, one of each of the nested subclass types.
Figure 2 shows the beginning of the main() method. This fragment also shows the instantiation of an object of the controlling class, and the storage of a reference to this object in the local reference variable named thisObj. This object contains the two instance variables of type Point2D declared above, which can be used to refer to objects of the nested subclass types.
Figure 3 instantiates an object of the nested subclass, Point2D.Double and stores a reference to that object in an instance variable named doublePointVar, which is an instance variable of the object of the controlling class (thisObj). Note that this reference variable is not of the actual type of the object, but rather is of the type of its superclass named Point2D. This is possible because in Java, a reference to an object can be stored in a reference variable of the actual class of the object, or of any superclass of the class of the object.
When the new object of the Point2D.Double class is instantiated, the x and y coordinate values are initialized with the following values respectively:
At least these would be the values if we had infinite precision. In reality, these values are stored in the object with the precision afforded by the double type
Similarly, Figure 4 instantiates an object of the Point2D.Float class, and stores its reference in a different instance variable of the controlling class named floatPointVar. Again, this variable is not of the actual type of the object, but rather is of the superclass of the object, Point2D.
This is a common theme used throughout the Java 2D API. Objects are frequently instantiated from a nested subclass type and the references to those objects are stored in reference variables of the superclass type.
When this object is instantiated, its coordinate values are initialized with the same values described above (never ending 3's and 6's) except that in this case, the values are stored with precision afforded by the float type, which is considerably less than the precision afforded by the double type.
Note that a (float) cast is required to force the result of the division to be of type float in order to satisfy the parameter type requirements of the constructor for the Point2D.float class.
Figure 5 applies the getX(), and getY() methods to the two instance variables containing references to the two objects of the nested-subclass types to get and display the coordinate values stored in those objects.
The output produced by this code fragment follows:
Data from the object of type Point2D.Double
Data from the object of type Point2D.Float
As mentioned earlier, the get methods for the Point2D.Float class return the stored coordinate information as type double. However, as you can see, the returned values are not accurate beyond about the seventh significant digit in this case (I have highlighted the erroneous values in red). The double values returned by the get method for the Point2D.Double class are accurate through about sixteen significant digits.
This fragment also ends the main() method and ends the controlling class.
A listing of the complete program is provided in Figure 6
Richard Baldwin is a college professor and private consultant whose primary focus is a combination of Java and XML. In addition to the many platform-independent benefits of Java applications, he believes that a combination of Java and XML will become the primary driving force in the delivery of structured information on the Web.
Richard has participated in numerous consulting projects involving Java, XML, or a combination of the two. He frequently provides onsite Java and/or XML training at the high-tech companies located in and around Austin, Texas. He is the author of Baldwin's Java Programming Tutorials, which has gained a worldwide following among experienced and aspiring Java programmers. He has also published articles on Java Programming in Java Pro magazine.
Richard holds an MSEE degree from Southern Methodist University and has many years of experience


text:
Sunya undertakes sustainable practices seriously and offers a wide range of technologies and approaches to reduce environmental impact. She addresses four key concerns.
- Drought tolerant species (ecological planting)
- Autumn planting and use of small plants where possible.
- Grey water recycling and rain water harvesting.
- Soil management.
- Sustainable drainage systems such as permeable paving for reduction of water run off into mains, drains and sewers.
Use of sustainable material
- Soil association accredited seeds and plants.
- Peat free or reduced-peat products as an alternative.
- Low energy use during manufacture.
- Low CO2 emissions
- Fair trade and FSC/PEFC certified timber.
- Materials on site that can be sensibly salvaged are reused and recycled.
- Traditional hard landscaping techniques if feasible
- Always aim to plant UK sourced trees with proven seed provenance. This makes biological sense and it reduces the chances of introducing alien pests and diseases.
- Only use trusted suppliers renowned for the traceability of their seeds, plants, shrubs and other horticultural products.


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There are some algorithms that are famous,
and some that are infamous. One of the latter is the often maligned Bubble Sort. So, what is the bubble sort? Why is it infamous? How do we code it?
First of all, lets talk about sorting algorithms in general and the problems of scale. Sorting algrorithms are popular subjects for beginning and intermediate computer science courses. They provide an ideal platform to introduce concepts like worst case execution time or storage (big O notation), different data structures and there are lot and lots of them to play with and see firsthand the differences. So, being a student of computer science myself I thought I would share this one. It is simple, and it demonstrates how we can tie up resources pretty quickly if we aren't careful. The inefficiency of the Bubble Sort is what makes it so infamous by the way. I'm told even president Obama when being questioned by the CEO of google as to how he would sort a million integers responded with "Well, I wouldn't use a bubble sort" or something thereabouts. Infamous.
Let's look at a random numerical list:
n = [1,5,8,2,10,11,4,3,9,7,34,56,23,46,6]
Now lets say we need to sort this list into ascending order, because we want to be able to say, take the first integer here and know it is the smallest. There is a whole other can of worms here we will skip over, whether to sort now or search later… Well, a Bubble Sort simply takes the first integer, compares it to the next integer and says, if this is bigger than the one behind it, swap the two of them. Simple, right? We then go through the next two, and the next and the next. Swapping as need be. When we get to the end, we aren't done though. Not even close. We have to start again, and go through the whole list, and again, and again, and again… Until we know that we have made no swaps, and then we will know we have got the whole thing sorted out so to speak. We must do this because well, if the largest number is the first in the list, well, we have to move it down the entire list. We only get to move it one space each time, so it will take going through the whole list as many times as there are items in the list before we finish, and once more to verify.
You can see how this sounds tedious, and while we aren't doing any heavy lifting here ourselves. Spending the limited resources of any computer will in no short order bring everything to a grinding halt, like rush hour on I-405. So, the way we would denote the worst case would be in big O, O(n^2). Which is a whole other lesson that we might cover at some point, but let's just say that when you exponentially increase the number of iterations with every additional number/ item, things aren't very efficient.
So, how do we actually code this beast? Here, take a look at a sample function in Python 3.
# We define our list of random integers n = [1,5,8,2,10,11,4,3,9,7,34,56,23,46,6] # Define a function that will do the sorting, # named appropriately of course def bubble_sort(n): # We need to know when we have actually finished, # so we set a counter count = int # Our counter keeps track of how many position # swaps we make, when it's zero and we've gone through # the list, we know we are done while count!=0: count = 0 # We start a loop that goes to one number less than # our list, because our next statement compares the # current number to the one ahead of it # If our loop ran for the whole list, we would reference # a non existing number at the end. for i in range(len(n)-1): # Here we simply compare the current integer # to the one after it if n[i] > n[i + 1]: # If the one after is larger, # we swap the two positions n[i], n[i + 1] = n[i + 1], n[i] # Since we made a swap, we up the counter count += 1 # print a before and after here to see the magic happen print(n) bubble_sort(n) print(n)
So, there you have it. The infamous Bubble Sort! If that glossed over everything too quickly and you're still scratching your head, don't worry. I have a great book I will be reviewing here shortly that will bring programming in Python from a head against the wall proposition to just another skill in a fun and friendly manner. Thanks for listening, come back soon!


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Visualize Azure DevOps projects, teams, and users, and monitor changes through queries and alerts.
- Installation guide
- Azure DevOps data model
To install this integration, you will need to configure settings both within Azure DevOps and on JupiterOne. Before enabling in JupiterOne, ensure that you have completed the setup within Azure DevOps.
Configuration on Azure DevOps
The Azure DevOps integration uses a read-only, personal access token to ingest data from the Azure DevOps platform.
You must have the necessary permissions to generate a personal access token in Azure DevOps.
You will need to generate your Personal Access Token (PAT), and grant the following permissions for the PAT:
- Project and Team :
- Work Items:
With your PAT created, and the credentials at hand, proceed to JupiterOne for the remaining setup.
Finalize in JupiterOne
To install the Azure DevOps integration in JupiterOne, navigate to the Integrations tab in JupiterOne and select Azure DevOps. Click New Instance to begin configuring the integration.
Creating an Azure DevOps instance requires the following:
The Account Name used to identify the AirWatch account in JupiterOne. Ingested entities will have this value stored in
AccountNametoggle is enabled.
Description to assist in identifying the integration instance, if desired.
Polling Interval that you feel is sufficient for your monitoring needs. You may leave this as
DISABLEDand manually execute the integration.
Your Azure DevOps URL (example: "_URL_ and your Personal Access Token generated for use with JupiterOne.
Click Create once all values are provided to finalize the integration.
Now that your integration instance has been configured, it will begin running on the polling interval you provided, populating data within JupiterOne. Continue on to our Instance management guide to learn more about working with and editing integration instances.
The following entities are created:
|Resources||Entity ||Entity |
|Azure Devops Account|
The following relationships are created:
|Source Entity ||Relationship ||Target Entity |
The following mapped relationships are created:
|Source Entity ||Relationship ||Target Entity ||Direction|


Turning Medical Records Into Awareness
Worlds Most Advanced Search Engine for Healthcare Data
SySearch™ is a fully managed cloud search service with built-in AI capabilities that enrich health information to easily identify and explore healthcare data at scale. With SySearch™, you can spend more time innovating and less time designing, maintaining and querying a complex search solution.
Where Your Current Legacy Search Systems is Failing
Software that enables rapid cleaning, extraction, search and analysis of large complex datasets is a less developed area of medical research, resulting in workflow bottlenecks, decreased transparency and limited reproducibility of research.
The task of extracting data from medical records, producing a longitudinal dataset and matching to large population cohorts can take days or weeks using current software due to its computational intensive nature.
Why SySearch?
Focusing on the messiest part of healthcare, SySearch is processing unstructured data locked in faxes, pdfs and EHRs, organizing the data into longitudinal views and making it available to query in fractions of a second.
SySearch™ is an elevated expression of clinical record search, layering natural language processing and natural language understanding on top of medical records to provide flexibility and accuracy in your semantic search.
 - Unify data across segmented or dispersed data systems
 - Index driven search with intelligence that goes beyond word parsing by using a sophisticated terminology server (ICD-10, MESH, MEDRA, SNOMED-CT, LOINC, RxNORM etc.)
 - More accessible and specific than R-driven queries, search in your own words to find the records you are looking for
 - Further filter your search using an intuitive user interface to reach higher precision and recall scores
Finally, a Search Platform for Everyone
You no longer need to be a data scientist to access the valuable insights in medical records. We understand research analysts, business development specialist and medical professionals have different questions to ask health data. Use natural phrases and expressions to query your entire patient population and gain the insights you are looking for.
Whether you are working with medical records locked in image files, pdfs or unstructured text, SySearch can navigate across the messiest/dirtiest medical documents.
What's In Your Medical Records?
Skip to content


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According to data released by NOAA, March was the 10th warmest globally on record. Here are the NOAA data and report. NASA also released their suite of graphics, but their surface temperature data page is down today, so I cannot relay how NASA's March temperature compares to historical Marches. Once their site is back up, I will update this post. [Update: NASA's analysis resulted in their 9th warmest March on record. Here are the data for NASA's analysis.] The two agencies have slightly different analysis techniques, which in this case resulted in not only different temperature anomaly values but somewhat different rankings as well. The two techniques provide a check on one another and confidence for us.
March's global average temperatures were 0.59°C (1.062°F) above normal (_PHONE_), according to NASA, as the following graphic shows. The past three months have a +0.57°C temperature anomaly. And the latest 12-month period (Apr 2012 – Mar 2013) had a +0.60°C temperature anomaly. The time series graph in the lower-right quadrant shows NASA's 12-month running mean temperature index. The recent downturn (2010-2012) was largely due to the latest La Niña event (see below for more) that ended early last summer. Since then, ENSO conditions returned to a neutral state (neither La Niña nor El Niñ0). Therefore, as previous anomalously cool months fall off the back of the running mean, and barring another La Niña, the 12-month temperature trace should track upward again throughout 2013.
Figure 1. Global mean surface temperature anomaly maps and 12-month running mean time series through March 2013 from NASA.
According to NOAA, March's global average temperatures were 0.58°C (1.044°F) above the 20th century mean of 12.7°C (54.9°F). NOAA's global temperature anomaly map for March (duplicated below) shows where conditions were warmer than average during the month.
Figure 2. Global temperature anomaly map for March 2013 from NOAA.
The two different analyses' importance is also shown by the preceding two figures. Despite small differences in specific global temperature anomalies, both analyses picked up on the same temperature patterns and their relative strength.
The very warm conditions found over Greenland are a concern. Greenland was warmer than average during more months in recent history than not. In contrast to 2012, northern Eurasian temperatures were much cooler than normal. This is likely a temporary, seasonal effect. Long-term temperatures over much of this region continue to rise at among the fastest rate for any region on Earth.
The NASA and NOAA surface temperature maps correlate well with the 500-mb height pressure anomalies, as seen in this graph:
Figure 3. 500-mb heights (white contours) and anomalies (m; color contours) during March 2013.
Note the correspondence between the height map and the NASA & NOAA surface temperature maps: lower heights (negative height anomalies) present over the North Atlantic and northern Eurasia overlay the cold surface temperature anomalies at the surface. Similarly, warm surface temperature anomalies are located under the positive 500-mb height anomalies.
These temperature observations are of interest for the following reason: the globe came out of a moderate La Niña event in the first half of last year. During the second half of the 2012 and the first part of 2013, we remained in a ENSO-neutral state (neither El Niño nor La Niña):
The last La Niña event hit its highest (most negative) magnitude more than once between November 2011 and February 2012. Since then, tropical Pacific sea-surface temperatures peaked at +0.8 (y-axis) in September 2012. You can see the effect on global temperatures that the last La Niña had via this NASA time series. Both the sea surface temperature and land surface temperature time series decreased from 2010 (when the globe reached record warmth) to 2012. So a natural, low-frequency climate oscillation affected the globe's temperatures during the past couple of years. Underlying that oscillation is the background warming caused by humans. And yet temperatures were still in the top-10 warmest for a calendar year (2012) and individual months, including March 2013, in recorded history.
Skeptics have pointed out that warming has "stopped" in recent years (by comparing recent temperatures to the 1998 maximum which was heavily influenced by a strong El Niño even), which they hope will introduce confusion to the public on this topic. What is likely going on is quite different: a global annual energy imbalance exists (less outgoing energy than incoming energy). If the surface temperature rise has seemingly stalled, the excess energy is going somewhere. That somewhere is likely the oceans, and specifically the deep ocean (see the figures below). Before we all cheer about this (since few people want surface temperatures to continue to rise quickly), consider the implications. If you add heat to a material, it expands. The ocean is no different; sea-levels are rising in part because of heat added to it in the past. The heat that has entered in recent years won't manifest as sea-level rise for some time, but it will happen. Moreover, when the heated ocean comes back up to the surface, that heat will then be released to the atmosphere, which will raise surface temperatures as well as introduce additional water vapor. Thus, the short-term warming rate might have slowed down, but we have locked in future warming (higher future warming rate) as well as future climate effects.
Figure 5. Total global heat content anomaly from _PHONE_. An overwhelming majority of energy went to the global oceans.
Figure 6. New research that shows anomalous ocean heat energy location since the late 1950s. The purple lines in the graph show how the heat content of the whole ocean has changed over the past five decades. The blue lines represent only the top 700 m and the grey lines are just the top 300 m. Source: Balmaseda et al., (2013)
Balmaseda et al.'s work demonstrates the transport of anomalous energy through the depth of the global oceans. Note that the grey lines' lack of significant change from 2004-2008 (upper 300m). Observations of surface temperature include the very top part of this 300m layer. Since the layer hasn't changed much, neither have surface temperature readings. Note the rapid increase in heat content within the top 700m. Given the lack of increase in the top 300m, the 300-700m layer heat content must have increased. By the same logic, the rapid growth in heat content throughout the depth of the ocean, which did not stall post-2004, provides evidence for anomalous heat location. You can also see the impact of major volcanic eruptions on ocean heat content: less incoming solar radiation means less absorbed heat.
A significant question for climate scientists is this: are climate models capable of picking up this heat anomaly signal and do they show a similar trend? If they aren't, then their projections of surface temperature change is likely to be incorrect since the heat is warming the abyssal ocean and not the land and atmosphere in the 2000s and 2010s. If they aren't, climate policy is also impacted. Instead of warmer surface temperatures (and effects on drought, agriculture, and health to name just a few), anomalous ocean heat content will impact coastal communities more than previously thought. Consider the implications of that in addition to the AR4′s lack of consideration of land-based ice melt: sea level projections could be too conservative.
That said, it is also a fair question to ask whether today's climate policies are sufficient for today's climate. In many cases, I would say they aren't sufficient. Paying for recovery from seemingly localized severe weather and climate events is and always will be more expensive than paying to increase resilience from those events. As drought continues to impact US agriculture, as Arctic ice continues to melt to new record lows, as storms come ashore and impacts communities that are not prepared for today's high-risk events (due mostly to poor zoning and destruction of natural protections), economic costs will accumulate in this and in future decades. It is up to us how many costs we subject ourselves to.
As President Obama began his second term with climate change "a priority", he tosses aside the most effective tool available and most recommended by economists: a carbon tax. Every other policy tool will be less effective than a Pigouvian tax at minimizing the actions that cause future economic harm. It is up to the citizens of this country, and others, to take the lead on this topic. We have to demand common sense actions that will actually make a difference. But be forewarned: even if we take action today, we will still see more warmest La Niña years, more warmest El Niño years, more drought, higher sea levels, increased ocean acidification, more plant stress, and more ecosystem stress. The biggest difference between efforts in the 1980s and 1990s to scrub sulfur and CFC emissions and future efforts to reduce CO2 emissions is this: the first two yielded an almost immediate result while it will take decades before CO2 emission reductions produce tangible results humans can see.


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To fix code p1607, you need to reflash or update the engine control module (ecm) software. Code p1607 refers to an issue with the ecm software.
This code can be fixed by reprogramming or updating the software in the ecm. This process is also known as flashing the ecm. By updating the software, you can resolve any issues or bugs that may be causing the code to appear.
It is recommended to take your vehicle to a qualified technician or dealership to perform the software update. They have the necessary equipment and expertise to ensure the update is done accurately. Taking this step can help solve the code p1607 issue and ensure the optimal performance of your vehicle.
Understanding Code P1607: What It Means And Why It Matters
What Is Code P1607 And Why Does It Appear On Your Car'S Diagnostic System?
When you see code p1607 on your car's diagnostic system, it indicates a problem related to the engine control module (ecm) or powertrain control module (pcm). Here are some key points to understand about this code:
- Code p1607 is a generic obd-ii trouble code that stands for "control module internal circuit malfunction."
- It usually appears when there is an issue with the internal circuitry of the ecm or pcm.
- The ecm/pcm is responsible for controlling various engine functions, such as fuel injection, ignition timing, and emissions control.
- When the internal circuitry malfunctions, it can disrupt the communication between the ecm/pcm and other vehicle systems.
- This code typically surfaces in vehicles with electronic throttle control systems.
The Implications Of Ignoring Code P1607 And Why It'S Important To Address The Issue Promptly.
Ignoring code p1607 can lead to several negative consequences that may affect your car's performance and overall driving experience. Here are a few reasons why it's crucial to address this issue promptly:
- Reduced engine power: When the ecm/pcm is not functioning properly, it may limit the engine's power output, resulting in reduced acceleration and overall performance.
- Increased fuel consumption: A malfunctioning ecm/pcm can disrupt the engine's fuel management system, causing it to use more fuel than necessary. This can lead to decreased fuel efficiency and increased expenses at the gas pump.
- Unreliable engine operation: If the internal circuitry issue worsens over time, your car's engine may start running erratically or even stall unexpectedly. This can be dangerous, especially in certain driving conditions like highway speeds or busy intersections.
Addressing code p1607 promptly is crucial to avoid potential safety hazards and prevent further damage to your vehicle's engine.
The Potential Causes Of Code P1607 And How They Can Affect Your Car'S Performance.
Several factors can contribute to the occurrence of code p1607. Here are some common causes and their potential effects on your car's performance:
- Ecm/pcm failure: The internal circuitry of the ecm/pcm may fail due to age, excessive heat, or electrical problems. This can disrupt the communication between the control module and other components, leading to poor engine performance.
- Wiring or connection issues: Faulty wiring connections or damaged wires can interfere with the proper functioning of the ecm/pcm. These issues may arise from rodents chewing on wires, moisture infiltration, or physical damage. In such cases, code p1607 may appear, affecting your car's performance and reliability.
- Software malfunction: Sometimes, the ecm/pcm's software may become corrupt or outdated, resulting in internal circuitry malfunctions. This can cause communication breakdowns and trigger code p1607, impacting the car's overall performance.
It is important to have a qualified mechanic diagnose and resolve the underlying cause of code p1607 to ensure your car operates smoothly and reliably. Neglecting the issue can lead to further complications and costly repairs down the road.
Step-By-Step Guide To Troubleshooting Code P1607
Identifying The Symptoms Associated With Code P1607
When it comes to troubleshooting code p1607, the first step is to identify the symptoms associated with this particular fault code. Here are some key points to keep in mind:
- Code p1607 is often related to the engine control module (ecm) or powertrain control module (pcm) in vehicles. It is usually triggered by an issue with the throttle position sensor (tps) or the accelerator pedal position sensor (app).
- The symptoms of code p1607 can vary depending on the vehicle make and model, but common indicators include a check engine light illumination and a noticeable decrease in engine performance.
- Other symptoms may include erratic idle speed, hesitation or a lack of response when pressing the accelerator pedal, and even stalling.
Now that you have a general understanding of the symptoms associated with code p1607, let's move on to the next step in troubleshooting.
Checking For Common Issues Before Diving Into Diagnostics
Before diving into complex diagnostics, it's important to check for common issues that might be causing code p1607. Here are some key points to consider:
- Begin by inspecting the throttle body for any signs of dirt, carbon buildup, or obstructions. These can interfere with proper throttle operation and potentially trigger code p1607.
- Another common issue to check for is any loose electrical connections related to the throttle position sensor (tps) or accelerator pedal position sensor (app). Ensure that all connectors are secure and free from corrosion.
- Additionally, check the wiring harnesses for any signs of damage or wear. Damaged wires can cause intermittent connections or short circuits, leading to fault codes like p1607.
By checking for these common issues, you may save yourself time and effort by potentially resolving the problem without the need for extensive diagnostic procedures. However, if no obvious issues are found, it's time to move on to the next step.
Using Obd-Ii Scanners Or Diagnostic Tools To Retrieve And Interpret Fault Codes
When it comes to troubleshooting code p1607, utilizing obd-ii scanners or diagnostic tools is crucial. Here's what you need to know:
- Obd-ii scanners are essential for retrieving fault codes from the vehicle's ecm or pcm. These scanners can provide valuable information about the specific issue triggering code p1607.
- Connect the obd-ii scanner to the vehicle's diagnostic port, which is typically located under the dashboard or near the center console. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper connection.
- Once connected, initiate the scanning process and allow the scanner to retrieve fault codes. Code p1607 (and potentially other related codes) will be displayed on the scanner's screen.
- Interpret the fault codes by referring to the scanner's user manual or by searching for code definitions online. Understanding what each code represents will provide insight into the possible underlying issues.
Analyzing Data And Performing Necessary Inspections To Pinpoint The Problem
Now that you have retrieved the fault codes, it's time to analyze the data and perform necessary inspections to pinpoint the problem causing code p1607. Consider the following key points:
- Start by researching the specific fault code and its associated symptoms. This will guide you in determining potential causes and the appropriate inspection procedures.
- Inspect the throttle position sensor (tps) and accelerator pedal position sensor (app) for any signs of malfunction or incorrect readings. These components play a crucial role in throttle control and can trigger code p1607 if they are faulty.
- If necessary, use multimeters or other diagnostic tools to measure voltage, resistance, or other parameters relevant to the tps and app sensors. Compare the readings to specifications provided by the vehicle's manufacturer.
- Inspect related electrical connections, wiring harnesses, and grounds for signs of damage, corrosion, or poor connections. It's important to ensure all components are functioning properly and communicating effectively.
By carefully analyzing data and performing necessary inspections, you can pinpoint the underlying problem causing code p1607 and take appropriate action to fix it. Remember to consult vehicle-specific repair manuals or seek professional assistance if needed.
Common Causes Of Code P1607 And How To Fix Them
Insufficient battery voltage and its impact on electronic control modules:
- Low battery voltage can cause the electronic control modules to malfunction and trigger code p1607.
- This issue may result from a weak or partially discharged battery.
- To fix this problem, check the battery voltage using a multimeter and ensure that it meets the manufacturer's recommended level (usually around 12.6 volts).
- If the battery voltage is low, recharge or replace the battery as necessary.
Faulty or degraded wiring connections and their role in triggering code p1607:
- Poor wiring connections or damaged wires can disrupt the communication between various components and lead to code p1607.
- Inspect the wiring harness and connectors for any signs of wear, corrosion, or loose connections.
- Make sure all connections are secure and free from any debris or dirt.
- If you identify any damaged wires or connectors, repair or replace them accordingly.
Malfunctioning throttle actuator control modules and potential solutions:
- A malfunctioning throttle actuator control module can also trigger code p1607.
- This module is responsible for controlling the throttle position in response to driver input.
- If you experience issues such as a sluggish throttle response or sudden accelerations, the throttle actuator control module may be at fault.
- In this case, it is recommended to have the module inspected and tested by a qualified technician.
- Depending on the diagnosis, the throttle actuator control module may need to be repaired or replaced.
Dealing with software updates and reprogramming to address the issue:
- In some cases, code p1607 may be caused by outdated or corrupted software in the electronic control modules.
- Check with the vehicle manufacturer or authorized dealer for any available software updates or reprogramming procedures.
- Follow the manufacturer


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New York in 1904 was a city on the verge of tremendous changes – and, not surprisingly, many of those changes had their genesis in the bustling energy and thronged streets of Times Square. Two innovations that would completely transform the Crossroads of the World debuted in 1904: the opening of the city's first subway line, and the first-ever celebration of New Year's Eve in Times Square.
This inaugural bash commemorated the official opening of the new headquarters of The New York Times. The newspaper's owner, German Jewish immigrant Alfred Ochs, had successfully lobbied the city to rename Longacre Square, the district surrounding his paper's new home, in honor of the famous publication (a contemporary article in The New York Times credited Interborough Rapid Transit Company President August Belmont for suggesting the change to the Rapid Transit Commission). The impressive Times Tower, marooned on a tiny triangle of land at the intersection of 7th Avenue, Broadway and 42nd Street, was at the time Manhattan's second-tallest building — the tallest if measured from the bottom of its three massive sub-basements, built to handle the heavy weight demands ofThe Times' up-to-date printing equipment.


(616b) Pseudo-Extrapolation Algorithm for General Equation of State Model
Xu, G., Invensys/SimSci-Esscor
Equation of state (EOS), such as general cubic EOS, may have root reduction situation where multiple compressibility roots (three for cubic EOS in general) reduce to single root. Such situation may cause non-smoothness issue on the solution path when Newton-Raphson type of solver is applied to phase equilibrium calculation. Same situation may also end up with trivial K-value, which would cause convergence failure or issue wrong solution.
Introduced here is a pseudo-extrapolation algorithm for general cubic EOS based on the original (true) cubic curve itself. Advantages can be expected including smoothness and reliability. The new extrapolation algorithm also ensures that by convergence, all real (non-zero flow) phases will have their compressibility roots landed on the original cubic curve.
Comparison with existing pseudo extrapolation techniques such as Mathias et. al., 1982, had also been illustrated to show that the new pseudo-extrapolation algorithm provides much natural smooth transition between the true and pseudo values of compressibility roots, which in general reduced the calculation cost other extrapolation technique requires.


Home > Uncategorized > The SHSAT matching algorithm isn't that hard
The SHSAT matching algorithm isn't that hard
January 15, 2016
My 13-year-old took the SHSAT in November, but we haven't heard the results yet. In fact we're expecting to wait two more months before we do.
What gives? Is it really that complicated to match kids to test schools?
A bit of background. In New York City, kids write down a list of their preferred public high schools that are not "SHSAT" schools. Separately, if they decide to take the SHSAT, they rank their preferences for those, which fall into a separate category and which include Stuyvesant and Bronx Science. They are promised that they will get into the first school on the list that their SHSAT score allows them to.
I often hear people say that the algorithm to figure out what SHSAT school a given kid gets into is super complicated and that's why it takes 4 months to find out the results. But yesterday at lunch, my husband and I proved that theory incorrect by coming up with a really dumb way of doing it.
 1. First, score all the tests. This is the time-consuming part of the process, but I assume it's automatically done by a machine somewhere in a huge DOE building in Brooklyn that I've heard about.
 2. Next, rank the kids according to score, highest first. Think of it as kids waiting in line at a supermarket check-out line, but in this scenario they just get their school assignment.
 3. Next, repeat the following step until all the schools are filled: take the first kid in line and give them their highest pick. Before moving on to the next kid, check to see if you just gave away the last possible slot to that particular school. If so, label that school with the score of that kid (it will be the cutoff score) and make everyone still in line erase that school from their list because it's full and no longer available.
 4. By construction, every kid gets the top school that their score warranted, so you're done.
A few notes and one caveat to this:
 1. Any kid with no schools in their list, either because they didn't score high enough for the cutoffs or because the schools all filled up before they got to the head of the line, won't get into an SHSAT school.
 2. The above algorithm would take very little time to actually run. As in, 5 minutes of computer time once the tests are scored.
 3. One caveat: I'm pretty sure they need to make sure that two kids with the same exact score and the same preference would both either get in or get out (because think of the lawsuit if not). So the actual way you'd implement the algorithm is when you ask for the next kid in line, you'd also ask for any other kid with the same score and the same top choice to step forward. Then you'd decide whether there's room for the whole group or not.
So, why the long wait? I'm pretty sure it's because the other public schools, the ones where there's no SHSAT exam to get in (but there are myriad other requirements and processes involved, see e.g. page 4 of this document) don't want people to be notified of their SHSAT placement 4 months before they get their say. It would foster too much unfair competition between the systems.
Finally, I'm guessing the algorithm for matching non-SHSAT schools is actually pretty complicated, which is I think why people keep talking about a "super complex algorithm." It's just not associated to the SHSAT.
Categories: Uncategorized
 1. January 15, 2016 at 8:41 am
 Wow, this post brought back memories! Way back in 98 I went to Bronx Science and I remember that wait time for the results very well. I wish your son the best of luck, getting into a SHS changed everything for me.
 Liked by 1 person
 2. January 15, 2016 at 8:59 am
 I hope your child gets into the school of their choice.
 I think you left out the most obvious answers.
 1. DOE aims to be as opaque as possible, thus conveying complexity where none exists.
 2. It's the DOE and everything they do is S-L-O-W.
 My question to you, Cathy, is whether the algorithm is FAIR. It seems to be biased against lesser qualified students of color and, currently, rewards an unusually large number of Asian-Americans. Should SHSAT schools admit based on merit as defined by scores, or should they use a "holistic" approach?
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:36 am
 It's not at all fair. Especially if you consider the test prep. Unbelievable and unethical.
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:54 am
 Yes, but the Chinese-American students typically come from low socio-economic status homes, but their working parents sacrifice a great deal on prep courses so that their children will be better off then them.
 And, FTR, my older daughter got into Stuyvesant without any prep, but declined the offer.
 Even though you consider it unfair, I hope your child gets in to the school of their choice.
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:56 am
 It's obviously a nuanced kind of unfairness. And it's not obviously more unfair than other systems!
 On Fri, Jan 15, 2016 at 9:54 AM, mathbabe wrote:
 - January 15, 2016 at 11:42 am
 When I was there, white and Asian students made up about 80% of the population. I'm not sure what the numbers are today.
 I was accepted into a program called MSI that helped kids from low socio-economic backgrounds get test prep and additional lessons to "catch us up". I only hope that there are more programs like that out there to help kids realize just how much they can accomplish. Once I got there, it was my first time interacting with kids from a different background and I really flourished.
 - zamanskym
 January 15, 2016 at 8:52 pm
 I used to be against all the test prep but now I'm not so sure. To add to the fact that many workingg class and middle class families do test prep is the overall end result.
 The top scoring kids would have made it in test prep or not so it's more that if you take the bottom let's say quarter of the accepted class and the an equal number of kids below the cutoff — they're all probably of similar ability and the test prep probably jumbled that bunch a bit but then, the test prep kids are being rewarded for hard work and industriousness to separate them from the kids just below the cutoff that didn't do the prep.
 3. mathematrucker
 January 15, 2016 at 9:25 am
 A couple days ago I was prompted to ponder the question "So, why the long wait?" in the waiting room of an abysmally low-rated MD's office. The aha! moment came when I observed a drug peddler bypass the waiting room and walk straight back: "Of course! Silly me…this isn't a doctor's office, it's a drug dealership!"
 - mathematrucker
 January 15, 2016 at 11:12 am
 The only reason I was there in the first place was to get some forms signed on short notice, a service this particular MD specializes in providing.
 4. January 15, 2016 at 9:47 am
 This is known as the "stable marriage problem" and you have, I'm pretty sure, reinvented the Gale-Shapley algorithm (1962). _URL_
 - January 15, 2016 at 9:48 am
 Actually, this is a simpler version of the problem, because in the general problem, each of the schools would have their own order of preference. Here you're assuming that all the schools have the same preference; namely the score.
 Liked by 1 person
 5. January 15, 2016 at 10:04 am
 You may be interested in how Brazilian students get matched to (public) higher education institutions, based on their national admission exam score. It's an interactive (online) system where student state their two preferred schools (courses, actually). The system than calculates cut-off scores for every course (the lowest score you need to get in) and the next day students can change their preferences. Repeat this for three days.
 6. Artie
 January 15, 2016 at 10:40 am
 This is almost exactly how university admissions work in Ireland. The only difference is that ties are broken by random selection (which is ok, because we are a less litigious people). As you say, this is completely trivial and takes essentially zero time, at least for a list of approximately 60,000 kids.
 7. Kevin
 January 15, 2016 at 11:40 am
 Even the full algorithm, which involves both specialized and nonspecialized high schools isn't that bad. The paper describing it is here: _URL_


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 - A Basque Dancer from Head to Toe
 While Basque country is home to many styles of dance, each with variations in dress, there are some basic elements that dance costumes have in common. Most of these pieces are based on traditional everyday clothing, with some embellishments so the dancers are really dressed to impress.
 Six traditional Basque dance troupes will be performing at the Folklife Festival. Even though these groups are from California, Nevada, Idaho, and Utah, they retain many of the classic movements and costumes of performers from their homeland. How many can you spot at the Festival?
 Illustration by Dulcia Halliday
 Illustration by Dulcia Halliday
 The beret, or txapela, is a Basque icon. While the felt hats had been worn by farmers all over northern Europe, Basques made it fashionable. Even Napoleon Bonaparte thought the "Basque berets" were hip, so now they are known as basco in Italian, baskeri in Finnish, and baskenmütze in German.
 Some men's costumes include a cloth sash, or gerriko, either tied around the waist or across one shoulder. Most often these are bright red or green, representing the Basque flag.
 Male dancers wear small bells sewed to a piece of cloth or leather and tied around their shins. Others wear larger bells fastened to their waists. Following a widespread early European superstition, the noisy bells are meant to drive away evil spirits.
 These simple sandals, called abarketa in Basque, are made from either canvas with rope soles or from leather, similar to ballet shoes. Once worn by peasants, then by laborers and military, espadrilles have become fashionable around the world.
 Illustration by Dulcia Halliday
 Illustration by Dulcia Halliday
 Women often wrap a white scarf over their heads. This is the first part of the poxpolin, a costume popularized when women began performing men's dances.
 They usually wear their hair in braids, tied with a ribbon at the top called zintamuxko.
 Around their necks, women and men tie square handkerchiefs, or lepozapi. The colors can indicate the dancers' club, town, or region.
 Rainbows of ribbons are woven into berets, braided into hair, and wrapped around ankles to lace up shoes. They add color to the dancers' costumes and accentuate their motions. Some dances incorporate ribbons into the movements, like the zinta-dantza, a Basque version of the Maypole dance.
 Women dance in long wool skirts. The color and stripes at the bottom traditionally indicate their home region. Over time, it has become more fashionable to shorten the skirts, from just above the ankle to around the knee, exposing voluminous petticoats.
 Color Guide
 According to some Basques, the colors of cloths and ribbons in costumes symbolize certain things. Here is a short guide to those meanings.
 Red = Life, love
 Blue = Heavens
 Green = Regeneration of nature
 White = Purity, innocence
 Join us at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival to see Basque dance performances and learn some steps for yourself. In the Festival Marketplace, located inside the Arts and Industries Building, you will find berets, handkerchiefs, and espadrilles to take home.
 Elisa Hough is the editor for the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage. Dulcia Halliday is a graphic design intern for the Folklife Festival; she studies graphic design at SUNY New Paltz.


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Snowy Hydro Education Program
Snowy Hydro has been running educational programs for schools visiting the Snowy Mountains Scheme for over 10 years. Our programs offer a unique learning experience for students from Primary School to Year 12.
A range of education classroom resources has been produced specifically for schools, each providing an appropriate case study for a range of syllabuses. Each resource is outlined in this section through their appropriate stages.
As well as these classroom resources, the Snowy Hydro Discovery Centre situated in Cooma (just over an hour from Canberra) has a range of activities tailored to fit your programs. The Centre focuses on the Schemes power stations, dams, water resources and energy market but it also includes displays on key topics such as water, environment, engineering and history. Exhibits ranging from pedal-power bikes, an interactive energy market and hands-on models reinforce a dynamic learning experience for students of all ages. The Centre delivers tailored presentations to students about the Scheme which cover the environment, cloud seeding, renewable energy, National Electricity Market and water.
For more information on school visits to the Snowy Hydro Discovery Centre, click on the red links on the left hand side of the page. Details are provided under the Contact Education page.
Copyright © Snowy Hydro Limited. All rights reserved.


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This DataONE OpenWetWare site contains informal notes for several research projects funded through DataONE. DataONE is a collaboration among many partner organizations, and is funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under a Cooperative Agreement.
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The researchers sharing their open notes here are working on the following project(s):
Study of Data Citation Practices and Data Management Plans
Scientists in the academic workplace rely on publishing in peer reviewed journals and the citations to their work help gain tenure and promotion. Research funding for scientists is increasingly tied to requirements for data management plans. Barriers to data sharing exist in both of these areas: the lack of common standards or practices for data citation to ensure scientists are recognized for their work in collecting and compiling datasets; and the lack of understanding about what makes an effective data management plan. This project will study current levels of data citation and acknowledgment practices, as well as current efforts for the creation and evaluation of data management plans in earth and environmental sciences. In addition, it will compile relevant best practices in both areas and make recommendations for best practices now and into the future. Anticipated products include the an analysis of citation and data reference practices, a review of existing materials on barriers to data sharing and reuse, an initial draft of a paper suitable for publication in a peer-reviewed journal analyzing sharing and reuse barriers, and informational materials suitable for use by scientists to describe best practices (including a listing of exemplar data management plans).
Feel free to respond to questions or proposed tasks by creating a nested page or subsection associated with the original notes/transcript.


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An Ancient Industrial Secret
Through Moses, God commanded the Israelites to dye the tassels on the corners of their garments blue. The secret to making this blue dye appears to have been lost about 500 years after the birth of Christ.
The Hebrew description of the blue that the Israelites were to use on their garments refers to what we today call hyacinthine purple. Researchers searched for the original process for making the dye using clues from the Bible, the Talmud and ancient trade records. Ancient references to the dye go back at least 3,600 years. While the ancients knew how to make this dye, we moderns don't.
Once researchers identified the correct color, they began to search for its origin. The Talmud says that the dye must be made from the uncontaminated extract from a shellfish. Eventually scientists discovered a species of shellfish, the Murex, that produces the raw material for exactly the color described in the Bible. Their final challenge was to perfect the dyeing method, which one researcher called one of the great industrial secrets of the ancient world.
In our modern technological age, it's good to be reminded that we are not the only generation to develop sophisticated industrial secrets. This broader perspective helps us to understand claims that ancient man was not so primitive as some today might imagine.


text:
A Laser-based Time Calibration System
for the MEG II Timing Counter
We have developed a new laser-based time calibration system for the MEG II timing counter dedicated to timing measurement of positrons. The detector requires precise timing alignment between 500 scintillation counters. In this study, we present the calibration system which can directly measure the time offset of each counter relative to the laser-synchronized pulse. We thoroughly tested all the optical components and the uncertainty of this method is estimated to be 24 ps. In 2017, we installed the full system into the MEG II environment and performed a commissioning run. This method shows excellent stability and consistency with another method. The proposed system provides a precise timing alignment for SiPM-based timing detectors. It also has potential in areas such as TOF-PET.
Lepton flavor violating decays are powerful tools to search for new physics beyond the standard model. The MEG II experiment at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland will search for one of these decays,, with a sensitivity of improving the existing limit of almost an order of magnitude. The sensitivity of MEG, the first phase of the experiment, was limited by the detector performance. The beam intensity was reduced to satisfy the requirements of stable operation of the detectors. Therefore, in order to make full use of the available beam intensity of, we developed new detectors with resolutions in energy, position, and timing improved by a factor of two. In particular, good time resolution plays an important role to reduce the dominant background that depends quadratically on the beam intensity. The pixelated Timing Counter (pTC), one of the key detectors in MEG II, is dedicated to the measurement of the positron timing. Its design is based on a new approach to improve the time resolution: the multiple hit scheme. The pTC consists of 512 scintillation counters (Fig. 1) and is divided into two equal sectors: one placed upstream the MEG II target and the other downstream. Each counter, with a size of 40 (50) 120 5 mm, consists of a fast plastic scintillator (SAINT-GOBAIN, BC422) read out by six series-connected silicon photomultipliers (SiPM, AdvanSiD, ASD-NUV3S-P High-Gain, 3 3 mm, 50 50 m, V24 V) at both short ends. Signal positrons hit 9 counters on overage and the total time resolution is expected to improve with the number of hit counters. This approach enables us to achieve a time resolution of 35 ps, two times better than in MEG. Exploiting the multiple hit scheme requires a precise relative time calibration between counters, which is a challenging task. We have developed a new time calibration method using a pulsed laser and commercially available optical components. This method measures directly the time offsets for the timing alignment.
Ii Overview of the laser-based time calibration system
The laser-based time calibration system is shown in Fig. 2. The laser pulse ("Laser controller" and "Laser head") is split into each scintillation counter simultaneously via several optical components: a mode scrambler, optical splitters, and optical fibers. The laser device is produced by Hamamatsu with a part number of PLP-10 and has the following features: wavelength: 401 nm, pulse duration: 60(typical)–100(max) ps, peak power: 200 mW. The mode scrambler produced by OPTO SCIENCE, INC. stabilizes transmission mode in a fiber. The optical switch produced by LEONI switches light paths. Optical splitters divide the input light into several channels. 1 to 2 splitter is produced by OZ OPTICS and the others are produced by Lightel Technologies Inc. We use multimode and graded index fibers with a core diameter of 50 m and a cladding diameter of 125 m. There are produced by OZ OPTICS (for 2.5 m) and Lightel Technologies Inc. (for 10 m). The selection of these items was based on a detailed study presented in. To get enough laser power for each counter, one-eighth of counters () are illuminated at one data taking. The time offset of each counter is measured relative to laser-synchronized pulse. We have developed a new method to fix an optical fiber into the scintillator: a small hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and with a depth of 1 mm is drilled into the bottom long side of the scintillator and a polycarbonate screw (at the bottom in Fig. 1), which has a fiber-shaped hole inside, fixes the optical fiber together with the black support bar made of ABS resin. Slow control tasks such as monitoring temperatures, controlling the laser, and switching the optical switch are performed based on the Midas Slow Control System developed at PSI and TRIUMF.
Iii Research and development
We focused on the following items in research and development of the laser calibration system.
Iii-a Fiber insertion method
Firstly, we confirmed that the hole in the scintillator does not degrade the time resolution. Then we considered whether we should put optical grease inside the hole expecting better optical contact. However, it turned out that the time offset depends on the amount of the grease. The amount of grease during the assembly could not be reproduced satisfactorily. Therefore, we decided not to use optical grease. We checked the reproducibility: the fiber was inserted and the time offset was measured repeatedly. The reproducibility of the time offset is highly satisfying (3.8 ps in standard deviation). The stability was also confirmed during the commissioning phase (Sect. IV).
Iii-B Temperature dependence
Time offset of all optical components depends significantly on temperature. We measured the temperature coefficient of the whole system to be 7.61.5 ps/C. The main contribution was from the "SYNC signal" cable (RG174/U) in Fig. (a)a; we will replace it with another cable with a smaller temperature coefficient (FSJ1-50A) before the engineering run in 2018. In addition, the temperature in the detector area is expected to be stabilized within 1 C, thus the temperature effect on the time offset will be negligible.
Iii-C Mass test
All optical components including 600 fibers and 80 splitters, were tested before installation. Particularly the optical length in the optical splitter has a large difference among different production batches. However, it does not affect the performance because this difference of optical length up to counter are subtracted from the time offset.
Iii-D Uncertainty of the system
Finally, the uncertainty of the laser calibration is calculated to be 24 ps by summing up all the contributions which can affect the time offset such as transit time variation inside the SiPMs, reproducibility of fiber insertion method, and statistical uncertainty in the mass test. A detailed study of the mass test and an estimation of the uncertainty are presented in.
Iv Commissioning and performance
In 2016 one-fourth of the system was operated and we reported the result in. In 2017 we finished the construction and the assembly of the pTC and then we installed it into the MEG II experimental area at PSI to operate it under the MEG II beam (7). Data with positrons from Michel decay () were collected for two weeks and the detector was operated for two months. The time offset calculated with this method was stable enough over time (2.5 ps in standard deviation for one month). As shown in Fig. 3, this method was compared with another calibration method, which uses positron tracks, and they are in good agreement within 50 ps.
We have developed the laser-based time calibration system for the MEG II pTC with an uncertainty of 24 ps. The time offset calculated with this method is stable enough for the detector operation. In addition, the consistency of the time offset was checked with another method. Laser-based methods for TOF detectors in the past were commisioned only for plastic scintillator detectors with photomultiplier tube read-out; however, SiPM read-out enables us to design more compact and flexible timing detectors and the rapid development of SiPM technology suggests that scintillation detector with SiPM read-out will be extensively used in a wide variety of applications. Therefore, laser-based time calibration methods are expected to become more and more widespread. Furthermore, this method is precise enough to be compatible with the multiple hit scheme. It also has potential in areas such as Time-Of-Flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). The full engineering run of the MEG II experiment will start in 2019 followed by the physics run, searching for the lepton flavor violating muon decay.
- A.M. Baldini, et al., "The design of the MEG II experiment", Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78: 380, arXiv:1801.04688
- Y. Uchiyama, et al., "30-ps Time Resolution with Segmented Scintillation Counter for MEG II", Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 845:507–510, 2017.
- R. Bertoni, et al., "A laser diode based system for calibration of fast time-of-flight detectors". J. Instrum., 11(05):P05024, 2016.
- MIDAS website: midas.triumf.ca
- M. Rossella, et al., "Design and test of the calibration system of the MEGII Pixelated timing Counter", Nucl. Instrum. Methods A,


Date of Award
Summer 8-12-2014
Degree Type
Degree Name
Master of Arts (MA)
First Advisor
Andrew Altman
Second Advisor
Andrew Jason Cohen
Third Advisor
Christie Hartley
In his liberal theory of justice, John Rawls stipulates that the principles of justice selected will be generally complied with. This assumption of full compliance is characteristic of what Rawls calls "ideal theory," i.e., a theory that seeks to formulate and justify ideal principles of justice. David Schmidtz contends that the full compliance assumption undermines the practical relevance of ideal theory. I argue that Schmidtz's criticisms of full compliance do not succeed. Understanding why his arguments fail requires an examination of both Schmidtz's and Rawls's views of the nature of justice and the function of political philosophy. I explain why full compliance can plausibly be assumed in Rawls's ideal theory given the conception of justice he employs, and articulate the problem Schmidtz's argument faces if it relies on his view of the role of political philosophy.