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If you are here, you might be wondering, "What in the world is a diabolo?" I'm here to explain what a diabolo is and also what bring to my live.
As a diabolist, I've developed a deep appreciation for diabolo as an art form. It's not just about juggling tricks; it's a graceful dance of skill and creativity. The spinning diabolo becomes an extension of my body, allowing me to express myself and constantly explore new tricks.
What's a Diabolo?
A diabolo it's a juggling prop that consists of two cup-like ends connected by a slender axle in the middle. You'll typically find them made from materials like plastic, rubber, or even some snazzy high-end models in metal. You can find them in various sizes depending on your skill level and preference.
A diabolo is a juggling prop consisting of two cup-like ends connected by a slender axle in the middle. Jugglers use two sticks connected by a string to manipulate and spin the diabolo. The cups are available in various sizes, suitable for beginners to advanced jugglers, and can be made from materials such as plastic, rubber, or metal.
Here you can see and article with beginner movements
Why I Absolutely Love the Diabolo.
I must confess, my love for the diabolo might make me a bit biased, but I simply can't resist sharing why this incredible juggling prop rocks my world.
- A Journey of Accessible Learning and Endless Challenges: Starting with the diabolo might seem intimidating, but let me assure you, it's incredibly beginner-friendly. The gradual learning curve makes it an excellent prop to begin your juggling adventure.
- A Companion for Adventure: What makes the diabolo even more enchanting is its portability. Whether I'm heading on a trip or just hanging out at the park with friends, the diabolo comes along for the ride. It's a delightful way to keep the juggling spirit alive wherever I go.
- A Stress-Relieving Escapade: When I pick up my diabolo, the world seems to fade away. The sheer joy of mastering a new trick or perfecting an old one brings an unparalleled sense of accomplishment and satisfaction. It's a delightful stress buster that never fails to lift my spirits.
- A Creative Playground: The diabolo becomes my canvas, and each trick is a stroke of artistic expression. The joy of experimenting with new moves, combining them, and adding my unique flair creates a mesmerizing performance. It's an expressive outlet that allows me to unleash my creativity and connect with audiences in a magical way.
These are just a few reasons why the diabolo holds a special place in my heart. As a professional diabolist, it continues to inspire and bring endless joy to my juggling journey.
The Importance of Weight Relationship
Before I wrap up this love letter to diabolo, let's talk about the vital weight relationship. The balance between the weight of the diabolo and the sticks is crucial for optimal performance. If the diabolo is too heavy, it might be challenging to control, and if it's too light, it won't maintain enough momentum for complex tricks. Finding the right match is like discovering the perfect dance partner!
Final Words of Encouragement
So, my friend, if you've made it this far, I commend you for your curiosity! Diabolo is an incredibly rewarding hobby that never fails to bring a smile to my face. Whether you're just starting or you've been juggling for a while, there's always something new to learn and explore in the world of diabolo.
Don't hesitate to give it a shot! Embrace the drops and failures as much as the successes. Remember, the journey is just as fantastic as the destination. So, grab a diabolo, get spinning, and let the magic unfold. Happy juggling!


an additional linear term, time. The latter extra term allowed better fits using a lower Fourier order (and hence requiring fewer free parameters) by permitting compensation for any difference in the first, x(t0), and last, x(tf), values (since the Fourier series is intrinsically periodic). The target function was the sum of the squared discrepancies between the fit values x(ti) and the observed values Xobs(ti) of the coordinates. Optimal Fourier order, m, for the fit for each organism's trajectory was determined using even-odd cross-validation. Fourier fits were applied as long as there were a sufficient number of trackpoints (≥12) in a given trajectory to do so. The number of trackpoints was not necessarily correlated to trajectory length; consequently, a subset of trajectories from moving parasites was considered "unfittable" and excluded from subsequent analysis.
Trajectory analysis
Coordinates of the smoothed trajectory at a given time are calculated by evaluation of the Fourier series (supplemented by the linear time term) with coefficients as fit above. A trajectory sampled at regular intervals of arc length is readily calculated by computational integration of arc length over time. Analytically-derived expressions for the first, s′, second, s″, and third, s′″, time derivatives of the 3D Fourier series (including the time term) are used to calculate the instantaneous velocity (v), curvature (κ) and torsion (τ) at any given point along the trajectory via the equations [31]:
The total trajectory length for a given organism is the (computationally) integrated path length (contour length) along the smoothed trajectory from the first to last trackpoint. The total displacement is the simple distance ("as the crow flies") from the first to last trackpoint for an organism. The last trackpoint is derived from the last z-stack acquired in the 60 s dataset, or the last z-stack acquired before the fluorescent parasite nucleus moves out of the volume being imaged.
Discrete measurements of velocity were calculated as the simple distance between two consecutive trackpoints sampled at regular (0.5 µm) intervals of pathlength along the Fourier-smoothed trajectory, divided by the time interval between those points. The maximum velocity corresponds to the highest value for velocity observed along the Fourier-smoothed trajectory.
Statistical analysis
Values for motility parameters were exported from the Bugs software suite in.csv format, imported into Microsoft Excel for data compilation, and graphed and analyzed using GraphPad Prism v. 6.01 (La Jolla, CA). Parameters calculated from motility assays and graphed as scatter plots were analyzed using paired (RH vs. Δphil1 and Δphil1 vs. Comp) and unpaired (RH vs. Comp) Student's t-test; frequency distributions were analyzed by performing a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical significance between samples is indicated with asterisks. Results shown are the mean ± standard deviation of four to five independent experiments, each performed in either triplicate or quadruplicate.
T. gondii move with corkscrew-like trajectories in a three-dimensional environment
To investigate how T. gondii tachyzoites move in animal tissue, we used a model of T. gondii infection where live tachyzoites expressing a tandem Tomato fluorescence reporter (RH-OVA-tdTomato) are injected into the mouse earflap and imaged by two-photon laser scanning microscopy [32]. Unlike the twirling, circular gliding and helical gliding observed in 2D motility assays, tachyzoites in the earflap appeared to undergo a form of corkscrew-like motility (Figures 1A and 1A', and Video S1). This suggested that the standard 2D motility assay may not be a completely accurate reflection of parasite motility within host tissues.
Figure 1. T. gondii moves in a corkscrew-like manner in three dimensions.
(A) RH strain T. gondii tachyzoites expressing a tandem tomato fluorescence cassette (RH-OVA-tdTomato) were injected into a mouse earflap and imaged by two-photon laser scanning microscopy. A maximum intensity projection (MIP) shows parasites that move in a corkscrew-like fashion (e.g., dashed white box). Scale bar = 29 µm. See Video S1 for the corresponding movie. (A') Higher magnification view of dashed white box in (A); scale bar = 12 µm. (B) Assembly and dimensions of the imaging ("Pitta") chamber. Coverslips were assembled using double-sided tape, and perfused with a 1∶3∶3 mixture of parasites treated with Hoechst 33342, 3D motility media and chilled Matrigel, respectively. (C) Pitta chambers were incubated at 27°C for 7 min, followed by 2 min equilibration in the preheated 35°C microscope enclosure. Fluorescent parasite nuclei were imaged for 60 s in a 402 µm×401 µm×40 µm volume (approximately 67 z-stacks, with 41 z-slices captured every 0.88 s) by time-lapse fluorescence videomicroscopy. Datasets were visualized during acquisition by generating MIPs, tracked using the Imaris software, and then analyzed using the Bugs software as indicated in the workflow. (D) A MIP showing that parasites also move in corkscrew-like trajectories in Matrigel. Scale bar = 50 µm. See Video S3 for the corresponding movie. (D') Higher magnification view of dashed white box in (D); scale bar = 10 µm. The colour scheme for all MIPs was inverted for better visualization of parasite trajectories.
We sought to study this behaviour with larger numbers of parasites, and in a more defined and controlled environment. To accomplish this, an in vitro assay was developed where imaging ("Pitta") chambers were perfused with parasites resuspended in Matrigel, a soluble basement membrane preparation that has been widely used as a matrix to study cell migratory behaviour in 3D [33][35]. Since the parasites were pre-labelled with Hoechst 33342, a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, the positions of the fluorescent parasite nuclei could be readily imaged in the chamber volume by time-lapse fluorescence videomicroscopy (Figures 1B and 1C). Analysis of the datasets revealed that all of the parasites deposited TgSAG1-containing trails (Video S2) as they moved in left-handed, corkscrew-like trajectories through the Matrigel (see maximum intensity projection (MIP) in Figures 1D and 1D', and Video S3). These data demonstrate that the trajectories of T. gondii tachyzoites are strikingly different in a 3D environment compared to the types of motility observed on a coated glass coverslip, and that it is possible to reconstitute this behaviour in vitro using a Matrigel-based system.
Quantification of parameters of 3D trajectories
To further characterize and quantify the parameters of this form of motility, we developed semi-automated methods for tracking the positional coordinates of the parasites and reconstructing their trajectories for detailed analysis. Two types of "stationary" parasite datasets were generated to estimate an overall error due to Brownian motion and tracking error from the analysis software. Out of several criteria tested, the total trajectory displacement (i.e., the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of the parasite) performed the best in terms of distinguishing between moving and stationary parasites (data not shown). In a heat-killed preparation, 97.6% of the parasite trajectories had a displacement of 2 µm or less (Figures S1A and S1B), with mistracking artifacts (e.g., trajectories connecting two parasites that were clearly stationary) accounting for the remaining 2.4% (data not shown). Similar results were obtained when parasites were treated with 0.2 µM cytochalasin D (Figures S1C and S1D), a concentration previously described to inhibit parasite motility in 2D assays [26], [27].
When the trajectories were smoothed by applying a modified Fourier fit (Figures 1C, 2A, 2B, and S2, S3, S4, S5), it was apparent that the parasite's velocity along the trajectory oscillated between minima and maxima, reflecting bursts of speed as the parasites moved through the Matrigel (Figures 2C and 2D). Furthermore, a complex and periodic relationship between velocity, curvature (i.e., degree to which the trajectory bends within a plane; see Figure S6A and S6B) and torsion (i.e., degree to which the trajectory twists out of the plane; see Figure S7A and S7B) was evident along the trajectory. The trajectories decreased in curvature and torsion as the parasites accelerated (i.e., as their velocity increased), but once the local maximum velocity was reached, gradual deceleration was associated with progressively increasing curvature and torsion (Figures 2C and 2D). When curvature and torsion reached their maxima, the parasite either repeated the cycle, or paused temporarily for a variable period of time marked by low velocity and rapidly fluctuating curvature and torsion. Note that the torsion values are negative to reflect the left-handed nature of the trajectories, such that increasing torsion is depicted as increasingly negative values on the plots [36]. Since a regular helical trajectory would have constant curvature and tors


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Colligative properties are the properties of a solution as a whole and depend on the concentration. The colligative properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering and osmotic pressure.
Alright. Let's talk about colligative properties solutions and colligative properties are a collection of physical properties of the solution that are affected by the number of solute particles. So properties of solutions are going to be different from the properties of the actual solvent by itself. And the things that, there are four things that are going to be affected by this. One's going to be vapor pressure, and actual vapor pressure of the solution versus its solvent will lower, the other one, another one is boiling point and the boiling point of the solution will be higher than the boiling point of the solvent alone. The freezing point of the solution will be lower than the actual solvent by itself and the osmotic pressure is going to increase, compared to a solvent by itself. And this will depend on the molality, molality not molarity, molality of the solution. And molality is moles of solute over kilograms of solvent, and don't forget the density of water is one gram per millilitre. So we can just change number of litres to kilograms, they'll be the sa-, it should be the same conversion because the density of water is one. And don't forget that the unit for that the symbol for molality is a small m.
So thithis will depend, this molality is what's going to show how much all these guys are affected. So let's talk about different types of things that should be in a solution. So you have electrolytes and as you should remember electrolytes are things that conduct electricity in solution or ionic compounds and ionic compounds as you know will break up in solutions. So for example we have sodium chloride. When you put sodium chloride in water, it will actually break up into sodium ion and a chloride ion. So if you put one molal of sodium chloride in solution, you'll actually get two molals of product, of particle in your soin your solution. So it will actually break up and you know that your solute is going to be an electrolyte.
Also if it's an electolyte that has like calcium chloride that has more than you know just two particles those will break up and actually three particles of every one. So if it's one molal of calcium chloride you actually need three molals of particles which will affect this more than sodium chloride will affect it even if they were the same amount. Also, non-electrolytes, non-electrolytes do not break up in solutions so however amount you put in solution is the amount that you actually, the amount of particles will actually be in the solution.
So, for example here is table sugar which we know is a molecular compound. If we put one molal of a non-electrolyte, it will just be the same. These are not going to break up into its atoms. So it will stick together. It will break up from each other but it'll stick together in terms of the compound. So given one molal of a non-electrolyte, you are going to end up with one molal of particles of non of the non-electrolyte. So this is actually going to play a big part in dealing with the cocolligative properties, the solutions, boiling point, freezing point and vapor pressure and osmotic pressure. And we'll talk about others in each separate video.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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geography of Asturias
...concentrated. Structurally, this is a longitudinal depression running between the centres of Cangas de Onis (east) and Oviedo (west). The Cantabrian Mountains rise to the south, with the glaciated Europa Peaks established as a national park. Valleys run north to south, but Leitariegos Pass is the only easily accessible pass into the neighbouring region of Castile-León. Annual...
physiography of Cantabrian Mountains
...and the Cantabrian coastlands in the north, but the eastern and western limits are indistinct. The eastern foothills south of Cantabria rise abruptly into the gigantic limestone mountains of the Europa Peaks, which include Torrecerredo (8,688 feet [2,648 metres]) and the Labra Peak (6,620 feet [2,018 metres]). The main ridge continues westward, usually less than 60 miles (100 km) wide but...
What made you want to look up "Europa Peaks"? Please share what surprised you most...


Thermoregulatory Sweat Test
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a heritable, progressive disease that causes the buildup of amyloids, or clumped proteins, in the nervous system and elsewhere. These amyloid deposits cause the death of nerve cells and interfere with the function of the tissue in which they accumulate.
Diagnosing FAP is challenging because the symptoms are similar to those of other neurodegenerative diseases. A thermoregulatory sweat test can help physicians determine a FAP diagnosis.
How is the thermoregulatory sweat test performed?
Sweat glands are controlled by nerves in the skin; autonomic nerve signals are sent from the brain to tell the glands to secrete sweat. In FAP patients, this nerve signal can be interrupted by the formation of amyloid deposits around the nerves.
The thermoregulatory sweat test is performed at a hospital or clinic. Patients have an area of skin (usually hands, feet, arms, or legs) dusted with a powder that responds to moisture by changing color. The patient sits or lies down in a warm, moist room to encourage sweating for a set period of time. The degree of color change at the end of the test is proportional to the amount of sweat produced, which is, in turn, is proportional to nerve activity.
What do results of the test indicate?
Results of the thermoregulatory sweat test indicate whether a patient has loss of nerve function, which may indicate a neurodegenerative disorder such as FAP.
On its own, the thermoregulatory sweat test does not mean that the patient has FAP specifically, but can indicate that a nerve defect is present.
The thermoregulatory sweat test can also be used to measure disease progression once a diagnosis has been reached. As the disease progresses, scores will change, reflecting the decrease in nerve function.
The thermoregulatory sweat test may be performed in combination with a quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART), another measure of nerve activity.


BioKIDS home
Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species
Crioceris asparagi
What do they look like?
Crioceris asparagi has an oval shape. It is typically 6 to 7 mm long, and is bluish-green with a red body marked with green. The pronotum (on the back between the head and body) is red and the elytra (which cover the wings) are yellow with three spots on each side. The elytra are also punctured several times in rows. Like all Criocerinae (leaf feeding beetles), it has thick, eleven-segmented antennae that are attached at the front of the eyes. The prothorax, the section between the head and the body, is skinnier than the body.
Eggs are long, narrow, and large relative to adult body size. They are grey or brown in color. The larvae of this species range from dark grey to olive green and have both black legs and black heads. (Arnett, 1993; Blatchley, 1910; Capinera, 1976; Downie and Arnett, 1996; Jaques, 1951; Klass, 2012; Kubisz, et al., 2012)
 - Sexual Dimorphism
 - sexes alike
 - Range length
 6 to 7 mm
 0.24 to 0.28 in
Where do they live?
Crioceris asparagi is originally from Europe and northern Asia, with the exception of China. It is now also found in North America, and is particularly common in southern Canada. It is also a crop pest in Hawaii. (LeSage, et al., 2008; White, 1983)
What kind of habitat do they need?
Crioceris asparagi, the common asparagus beetle, lives on both farm grown and wild asparagus, in agricultural fields and grasslands. In the winter, these beetles are found in piles of decaying wood, under small rocks, in piles of old asparagus tops, and in the loose bark of trees and fence posts. (Kubisz, et al., 2012; LeSage, et al., 2008)
How do they grow?
Crioceris asparagi goes through complete metamorphosis. Its life stages are egg, larva, pupa, and adult. During the winter, the common asparagus beetle hibernates as an adult. It comes out of hibernation and lays eggs when asparagus plants begin to grow in the spring. Larvae hatch from eggs anywhere from 3 to 12 days later and immediately feed on young asparagus. There is a two to three week period of larval growth with four stages, called instars. The last instar falls from the plant to the ground, and forms a pupa in a round cell in the dirt. In 5 to 8 days, the pupa transforms into an adult beetle. The timing of egg hatching and larval development are different depending on temperature. It takes longer to develop when the temperature is colder, and it takes less time when it is warm. (Chittenden, 1917; Klass, 2012; LeSage, et al., 2008)
How do they reproduce?
The mating system of Crioceris asparagi is typical of leaf feeding beetles. These beetles spend long periods of time with their mates. Males show behaviors such as guarding their female from other males. Males also ride around the backs of females. In response, females may try to avoid males by kicking the males or moving their bodies away. Females in this family, Chrysomelidae, can choose the father(s) of their offspring, even if they mate with many males. Females can lay eggs that are fertilized only by certain preferred males. Females also may be able to get rid of male sperm after mating. (Chittenden, 1917; LeSage, et al., 2008)
Crioceris asparagi mates in late April or early May after coming out of winter hibernation and eating for a few days. Shortly after mating, females lay eggs. Eggs are laid on asparagus leaves or spears as a single egg or in a group. Multiple eggs are laid in a row along the plant, and are fixed in place by a dark green or brown glue that is produced by the female. (Chittenden, 1917; LeSage, et al., 2008)
 - How often does reproduction occur?
 Crioceris asparagi breeds continuously throughout the spring.
 - Breeding season
 Breeding season is late April or early May.
Females provide nutrients in the egg to allow early growth and development. Females also produce a very strong glue that keeps eggs attached to the asparagus plants, even in strong weather conditions. This gives the eggs a chance to survive long enough to hatch. C. asparagi does not provide any other parental care. (LeSage, et al., 2008; Voigt and Gorb, 2010)
 - Parental Investment
 - pre-hatching/birth
 - provisioning
 - female
How long do they live?
There is little information about the lifetime of C. asparagi, but development from egg to an adult generally takes 22 to 41 days. Adults live for a period of time after that, and adults that are still alive when winter starts go into hiding and emerge again in spring. (Chittenden, 1917; Klass, 2012; LeSage, et al., 2008)
How do they behave?
There is little information about the behavior of Crioceris asparagi, but it is known that C. asparagi is a mobile insect that is active during the day. When trying to escape from predators, it will run up and down the asparagus plant. It will even fake death when a predator attacks. It can also fly, but it does not fly very much. (LeSage, et al., 2008)
Home Range
Crioceris asparagi likely stays close to areas of asparagus plant, which it eats and lives on. (LeSage, et al., 2008)
How do they communicate with each other?
Crioceris asparagi uses sight and detects chemicals to find its host asparagus plants. The mating behavior of C. asparagi, which is common for most Chrysomelidae, uses touch and sight. Males ride on the back of females, and females do actions such as kicking the males and moving their bodies away. (LeSage, et al., 2008; Mitchell, 1988)
What do they eat?
Crioceris asparagi eats asparagus both as a larvae and as an adult. Larvae eat the spears of asparagus as they grow during spring. In North America, it feeds exclusively on Asparagus officinalis, but in Europe and Asia it feeds on several different asparagus species. (White, 1983)
 - Plant Foods
 - leaves
 - roots and tubers
What eats them and how do they avoid being eaten?
Birds are predators of Crioceris asparagi, including ducks, chickens, and North American birds including house sparrows and eastern kingbirds. A few species of coccinellid beetles, Coleomegilla maculata and Hippodamia convergens prey on larvae and adult stages. Large carabid beetles also prey on C. asparagi, including Poecilus lucublandus, Pterostichus melanarius, Harpalus pennsylvanicus, and Harpalus erraticus. A melyrid beetle, Collops quadrimaculatus has been known to feed on eggs and larvae of C. asparagi. Additionally, Pentatomidae such as Podisus maculiventris and Stiretrus anchorago are known predators of the asparagus beetle larvae outside of Canada. A damsel bug, Nabis rufusculus, and an assassin bug, Sinea diadema, have both also been observed preying on larvae. The vespid wasp, Polistes fuscatus, damselfly, Ischnura positum, and lacewing, Chrysopa oculata, are all predators of the larvae as well. (Capinera, 1976; LeSage, et al., 2008)
C. asparagi will escape predators by moving to another part of the asparagus plant. It will either move to the opposite side of the stem, or when it feels more threatened, it will fake death or run to a farther location on the plant. The black and yellow-white colors of Crioceris asparagi looks like the colors of a stinging insect, which makes predators less likely to attack, for fear that they will get stung. However, C. asparagi lacks the stripes of stinging insects, so this disguise may not be very effective. C. asparagi does not usually fly away when in danger. (Capinera, 1976; LeSage, et al., 2008)
 - These animal colors help protect them
 - mimic
 - aposematic
What roles do they have in the ecosystem?
In North America, Crioceris asparagi eats only its host plant, Asparagus officinal


Monitor whether outside doors and windows are closed during cold weather
5 Detective KS1, KS2
Activity summary
Getting the temperature right in the classroom is important; too hot and everyone falls asleep and doesn't learn, too cold and we shiver, and must put extra jumpers on. Sometimes teachers open windows or doors when the classroom gets too warm and stuffy during the winter months. Instead we should try to turn down the heating to reduce energy use and save the school money. Opening windows or doors means we are letting all the heat out of the building, and wasting money.
Pupils can complete this activity to identify where heat is being wasted in school. Are thermostats and radiators turned too high?
View all activities


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Career Clusters are broad occupational groupings...an organizing tool defining education for post-secondary education and careers using 16 broad clusters of occupations and 79 pathways with validated standards that ensure opportunities for all students regardless of their career goals and interests.
Office Operations Associate
Career Clusters are a tool for a seamless educational system that:
- blends rigorous academic/technical preparation
- provides career development
- offers options for students to experience all aspects of a business or industry
- facilitates/assists students and educators with ongoing transitions
- provide a framework for continuing contemporary, high-quality programs
- provide a framework for seamless education
- provide more career options for students
- provide a framework for organizing and reorganizing the delivery of career and technical education and needed 21st Century Skills
- provide understanding of knowledge and skill transfer and verification of qualification
Career Cluster Framework
The cluster/pathway framework supports ongoing efforts to move from vocational education to career and technical education.
- Cluster Core Level--Skills and knowledge all students need within the cluster
- Pathway Level--Skills and knowledge necessary to pursue a full range of career opportunities within a pathway
- Career Specialties--Represents the full range of career opportunities within each path
A career pathway is a coherent, articulated sequence of rigorous academic and career related courses, commencing in ninth grade and leading to an associate degree, and/or an industry-recognized certificate or licensure, and/or a baccalaureate and beyond. A career pathway...
- is developed, implemented and maintained in partnership among secondary and postsecondary education, business, and employers.
- is available to all students, including adult learners, and designed to lead to rewarding careers.
- training for specific jobs or occupations
- knowledge and skill statements for this level would be created by industry standards and verified by business and industry representatives
- Represents the full range of career opportunities within each path


- FANS
Recent Articles
Tuesday, November 24, 2020
Album Review: Tyler Childers' A Long Violent History
Words by Zach O'Hare
The United States has felt like it's been in constant turmoil for most of 2020. A lot of public figures have spoken about the COVID-19 pandemic, police brutality etc. Tyler Childers, in doing his part, released an album along with a statement from his YouTube channel on September 18th. In the 6 minute long video Childers gives the audience insight to his own observations regarding America's current events. The statement also clarifies the intentions for the title track "Long Violent History." Childers humbly explains that his objective was to create "fairly legible sounds on the fiddle" and let Long Violent History speak for itself.
In the first 8 tracks, Childers achieves his goal by covering old folk songs from various artists. Origins of the instrumental tracks range from American Civil War songs to a Broadway show tune. These tracks are sonically pleasing to even a bluegrass and folk layman, but can overall be difficult to interpret. It is speculated that a few of the songs have hidden meaning, which, considering how cerebral Childers' is known to be, is absolutely feasible. Though, while tracks like "Squirrel Hunter" and "Send In The Clowns" appeal more to the veteran bluegrass crowd, "Long Violent History" is easily digestible for anyone willing to listen.
In the title track Childers gives an honest observation on the topic of police brutality while contrasting the issue to his own life. The first couple verses point to the general feeling of dread and distrust when consuming much of the relevant media coverage. A feeling that resonates with the general public entirely too well. Childers then goes on to question listeners on what they would gain from hearing his opinion. Given his general lack of qualifiers, being in his own words a "white boy from Hickman"(a Kentucky county that is 87% white).
Childers sings, the world has "called me belligerent, it's took me for ignorant, but it ain't never once made me scared just to be." Implying that while not always being looked at favorably he's never been scared to literally be himself. After, he asks, "could you imagine just constantly worryin', kickin', and fightin, beggin' to breathe?", in an attempt to provoke thought and trigger self awareness into listeners.
The remainder of the song Childers tries to put things into perspective for his own demographic. "How many boys could they haul off this mountain, shoot full of holes, cuffed and layin' in the streets, 'til we come into town in a stark ravin' anger, looking for answers and armed to the teeth?" Wondering aloud if they, themselves would take matters into their own hands facing the same adversity.
Long Violent History effectively states the feelings of Childers while putting it into perspective for Americans that look like him. He continues to possess the innate ability to convey a meaningful message with the country genre, while still maintaining the high quality of music that Childers fans expect.
Proceeds from Long Violent History will be sent to the Hickman Holler Appalachian Relief Fund.
Wednesday, November 18, 2020
Groove-pop Rockers Mungbean Hit the Ground Running
Words by Jason Myers (Memorandum Media)
It's no secret that midwestern DIY musicians know how to hustle. Even in the age of COVID, we've seen up-and-coming bands from the region release albums, perform via internet live streams, and push creativity to new heights. Take Columbus post-pop act Mungbean, for example. Merely weeks away from the release of their new LP, I Love You Say It Back, Mungbean is determined to keep the positive vibes rolling and the dancefloor moving.
MusicMarauders recently got to sit down with the band to chat about the new album and what it's like to be a musician during a global pandemic…
MM: Hey guys, thanks a ton for taking the time to do this interview! Let's start off with a few introductory questions. Can you give us some background info on how the band was formed?
Emma: Sean and I started Mungbean in the summer of 2016. We were both in other bands at the time that were a bit more serious, so Mungbean was really meant just to be an experiment. We recorded and wrote the first two songs in his attic and released them a few months later. The response we got from friends, family and the community was so positive and encouraging that we decided to pursue it and to try performing live. Over the many years and performances, we needed more people on stage to help the songs come to life. We were lucky to have so many talented musician friends around us that we would just ask people to play shows with us for fun, and many of them ended up as permanent figures in the band.
MM: And your name, Mungbean... how did you all come up with it? Is there any inside story or meaning behind it?
Emma: Before we'd even released our first two singles, a close friend asked us to play a fundraiser / house show. She called us one morning asking what we wanted to go by, because she was at the screen printer and she needed to put a name on the poster. We must've been eating something with mungbeans in it… and we weren't taking it too seriously so we told her "Mungbean Dream." Only later did we find out that she didn't like how long it was because it didn't look good on the poster, so she shortened it to just "Mungbean." It's stuck ever since.
MM: You guys meld a lot of different genres and sounds together. How would you describe your music? What are some main influences that you would attribute to your sound?
Emma: Our sound has progressed a lot over the years and with the addition of new band members. It was like Sean and I had laid the bones of our sound, so when Colin, Ian, Max and Al came along they brought the guts, the muscle and flesh to it! Kinda gross, but you know what I'm getting at. And because we all have different influences, our sound naturally blends a lot of styles. There is a lot of music we agree on though, so I'd have to say our main influences would be artists like Radiohead, Erykah Badu, Grimes, & Pavement.
MM: Let's chat about the new album. Where was it recorded? Was there a specific sound or direction you tried to take this album in?
Sean: With this album, we really wanted to focus on what we sound like as a collective; as a full band. Up to this point, people have looked at us as just a synth-pop duo. But when the five of us officially came together, we leaned into the idea of being totally collaborative. Ian really likes Jazz and electronic music, Colin and Sean like weird guitar rock music, and Emma has an ear for interesting melodies. We all respect each other's musical tastes, and I think that allows us to continually be inspired to push our musical boundaries.
We recorded everything at home in our personal practice space and studio, with the exception of the drums. The drums are huge on this album, so we spent a day recording those at a friend's place who has a really nice drum setup. Turns out we're all kind of control freaks, so it was important to have total creative freedom to do whatever we wanted with the record. Nothing was off limits in the recording process, so we think the result is a record that takes the listener to all sorts of places in our genre repertoire.
MM: What can we expect from Mungbean after the new album drops? Any plans for the immediate future?
Sean: Releasing this album has been such a huge goal for us for a long time, and now that it's here and we're in the midst of a global pandemic, a national identity crisis and political shit show, we're really just taking it all one step at a time. We want to get back to playing shows, but we also want to be safe and advocate for the safety of our community. We definitely see more virtual and socially distanced shows in our future, but we're also trying to figure out different ways we can engage with our local scene and with fans safely and via the internet and social media. Strange times call for stranger measures, so I guess you can expect us to just get weirder.
MM: What are you guys listening to right now? Are there any other DIY midwestern bands that have caught your eye lately?
Emma: There are so so so many amazing Midwestern bands that are KILLING it right now. Campbell, The Katy, Keeps, Hidden Places, Snarls, Van Dale, Wasp Factory, DANA… the list could go on.
MM: If you guys could send out a message that would reach everyone in the world right now, what would it say?
Ian: Eat the rich.
Sean & Colin: Guillotine your landlord.
Emma: Vote.
I Love You Say It Back is available now for pre-order HERE. You can check out the video for "cool," the first single from the disk, HERE!
Wednesday, September 30, 2020
Sam Bush Band 9.20.20
Maggie Valley Festival Grounds
Maggie Valley, NC
Words by Jason Mebane
Photos by John A. Zara
About halfway between Asheville, North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountain National Park sits a sleepy little vacation town called Maggie Valley. Normally the


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Use the video and step-by-step drawing instructions below to learn how to draw Starfire from Teen Titans Go! Stay tooned for more tutorials!
Stay tooned for more free drawing lessons by:
- Liking us on Facebook>>
- Subscribing on YouTube.com>>
- Visit How2DrawAnimals.com for free animal drawing tutorials>>
All of the free art lessons on EasyDrawingTutorials.com are good drawing tutorials for beginners and experienced artists alike. The online tutorials are easy to follow; they teach you the how to draw basics while showing you how to draw fun cartoon characters step by step. Each cartoon character has a video drawing tutorial option, as well as step-by-step photos and written text to follow.
To draw Starfire step by step, follow along with the video tutorial below and pause the video after each step to go at your own pace. You may find it easier to follow the step-by-step drawings below. The new lines in each step are shown in red, and each step is explained in the text below the photo, so you'll know exactly what to draw in each step. You may want to open the video in a new tab and use both drawing methods! Take your time and draw at your own pace.
The written step-by-step video tutorial:
Intro: Start off with a pencil sketch. In the beginning stages, don't press down too hard. Use light, smooth strokes for sketching.
Step 1: Draw a big circle near the top of the paper as a guide for Starfire's head. First make four marks to determine the circle's height and width. Then connect the marks using curved lines. If you're struggling to draw the circle, just trace the outer rim of a circular object like a coin or a lid.
Step 2: Inside the head, draw a curved, horizontal line as a guide to help you place Starfire's facial features later. Add a curved, vertical line across the circle for another construction guide line.
Step 3: Under Starfire's head, draw two short lines as guides for the neck and a small triangle as a guide for the torso. Make the triangle thin. Pay attention to the size of it in relation to this Teen Titans Go character's head.
Step 4: Under that, draw another small, triangle-like shape as a guide for the lower part of the torso. This triangle will dictate the shape of Starfire's skirt. The top of this triangle will be hidden behind the first triangle.
Step 5: Starting on the top, left side of Starfire's body, draw a long, sloping line as a guide for the first arm. At the end of the line, draw a small circle as a guide for the fist. On the right side, draw another long, sloping line with a circle at the end as a guide for the other arm and fist.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Block Number in text field using JavaScript
In this article, I will demonstrate how to allow user to input block numeric characters in a TextBox field by using Javascript. The program prevents user from copying and pasting numerical characters into the TextBox.
Countdown timer with buzzing sound


text: Kid's Box is a brand new, six-level course for young learners, brimming with stimulating sections designed for Spanish speakers. Bursting with bright ideas to inspire both teachers and students, Kid's Box gives children a confident start to learning English. It also fully covers the syllabus for the Cambridge Young Learners English (YLE) tests. The Pupil's Book presents and practises new language through amusing stories and fantastic songs and activities, making the learning process a joy. The Spanish edition caters for the needs of the Spanish learner with new material: extra pronunciation activities, festival pages, social awareness topics as well as extra spelling, vocabulary and grammar practice for Spanish speakers. Level 5 begins the Flyers cycle.


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I am writing a package that saves information to an external file. I would like to name that file according to the source one; something like foo.tex -> foo.bar But I cannot find any variable that contains 'foo'. I am pretty sure that there must be one because the table of contents is saved to foo.toc.
Any pointers?
share|improve this question
For this purpose \jobname is always the right way to go. If you want to get the real main file name, which can be different from the job name if it is changed using the -jobname compiler argument, then see Macro to retrieve the real name of the source file if pdflatex is invoked with -jobname – Martin Scharrer May 8 '12 at 7:53
2 Answers 2
up vote 20 down vote accepted
You want the macro \jobname. This isn't quite the filename; to quote from the TeX FAQ:
TeX retains what it considers the name of the job, only, in the primitive \jobname; this is the name of the file first handed to TeX, stripped of its directory name and of any extension (such as.tex). If no file was passed (i.e., you're using TeX interactively), \jobname has the value texput (the name that's given to.log files in this case).
So if you're processing foo.tex, \jobname will be foo (which, of course, is probably what you want anyway).
share|improve this answer
Curiously, TeX does retain the current line number, see inputlineno – Yossi Gil Feb 28 '11 at 3:58
You are looking for \jobname.
EDIT: To add some value to my answer - pages 288-289 of the LaTeX2e sources contain the definition of \_USER_, the command that reads/writes ToC data from/to external files. This definition reveals the answer to your question.
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Thank you for the link. It is always nice to have good sources. – Hector Dec 13 '10 at 1:33
Your Answer


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By CLARKE CANFIELD
PORTLAND, Maine (AP) - A fast-growing, fast-spreading Asian seaweed that's crowded out native species, fouled beaches and made a mess of lobster traps in Massachusetts has spread north to Maine and south to New York.
First discovered in the U.S. on a Rhode Island beach three years ago, the seaweed doesn't pose a public health threat but can create a stinky muddle as it did earlier this year when it washed onto beaches in Massachusetts. The plant gives off a putrid odor when it dries and decays.
The red seaweed has been sighted in Connecticut and New Hampshire, and also was seen this summer in Cape Elizabeth along the Maine shore.
Northeastern University biologist Matt Bracken says he wouldn't be surprised if the plant has already made its way to Canada.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


Return to sender spell
Return to sender spells are used when you are being targeted by magikal forces. These spells allow you to use the powers of karmic justice to block and then send back the negative energy that has been cast your way.
The power of return to sender spells, is that the same amount of force that your adversary sends your way, will be returned in kind to them. The more ill will that they wish upon you, the more misfortune that they themselves will suffer. It is in a way of rebalancing the universe and allowing for a divine form of justice.
Do you need a return to sender spell?
Before you cast a return to sender spell you should establish whether you are in fact under magickal attack. It is worthwhile keeping in mind that you may simply be experiencing a run of bad luck. The skill and knowledge to perform a magikal attack are relatively rare. That said if you have had a series of misfortunes, that doesn't seem to be more than random chance. Ask yourself the following:
 - Are there any other reasonable explanations for the misfortune you have suffered?
 - Have you angered anyone recently?
 - Has the person you angered have any magical knowledge or association with someone else who has this knowledge?
Keep in mind that even if you answer yes to all three of the above it doesn't "necessarily" mean you are under magic attack.
What you will need for the return to sender spell
 - A black candle
 - Altar
 - A small handheld mirror
Casting the return to sender spell
Step #1: Preparing the mirror
The first step of this spell is to prepare the mirror. To do this you will use a process called smudging. This will clear the mirror of any potential negative energy which may weaken our return to sender spell.
For the smudging, you will need a basin, water, salt, white clot, and dried white sage. Start by preparing the water in the basin for the mirror. This involves a mixture of one part cup of water to one tablespoon of salt. Wash the mirror in the mixture. Then take the white cloth and cleanse and dry the mirror.
Next place the mirror in direct sunlight for a period of one hour. Finally, you want to light the dried white sage and move the mirror gently through the smoke. Once you have finished this smudging process your mirror will be ready for the next stage of the spell.
#2 Placing the mirror
Next place the mirror in the window of your bedroom. The mirror should be facing outwards so that the backside of the mirror is towards the interior of the room. Place your altar and black candle close to the center of your bedroom.
Next, you need to cast a circle to protect yourself during the spell casting process. Now point towards each of the four walls of the room, rotating in a clockwise direction. When you point at a wall say the following: "I cast this circle to protect myself, keep out negativity let in love".
Now that the circle has been cast you are ready to start with the next step. Kneel before your altar and light the black candle. Looking into the flames of the burning candle and stating the following incantation.
Negative energy sent my way,
The mirror reflects, the sender repays"
Say this twice more. Then with your mind's eye see the energy from the black candle transmuting into the mirror.
#3 Opening the circle
The spell has now been cast. Stand up and open the protective circle by pointing at each of the four corners of the wall again. Each time you point at a wall state "The circle is now open". When you have finished this process, allow the candle to burn down to the stub naturally. Take the stub and bury it outside.
You will now be protected from the negative energy being sent at you, as long as the mirror is in the window.


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May 2, 2011 / ENERGY GLOBE Award
Project presentation - "Autonomous McDonald's Franchise"
The energy efficiency McDonald's restaurant – unique worldwide – was opened in April 2009. The background for this project was the goal of testing new technologies and alternative, environmentally friendly energy forms under full restaurant operating conditions for their suitability in practice and thereby to use energy efficiently in the future.
Those technologies that are proven will be transferred to other franchises. In addition to solar energy, alternative forms such as heat pumps and wind energy will be used.
The goal of the project is to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption. The project will be accompanied by the Eco-Institute Freiburg e.V., which will compile an energy and climate balance after one year of measurements.
More information with detailed description here


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Virginia Tech's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia State University, Virginia Cooperative Extension, The University of Virginia, and the Virginia Food System Council with all its participating organizations initiated the Virginia Farm to Table initiative in September 2010. The goal of the initiative was to strengthen Virginia's food system and economic future through the development of a comprehensive Virginia Farm to Table Plan that informs and integrates assessment, education, development of programs and infrastructure, policy and funding recommendations to address key issues facing farmers, food entrepreneurs, and communities. The Plan would directly address 1) local regional farm and food markets 2) agricultural economic development, 3) community viability and environmental stewardship, and 4) food access, nutrition and health.Underlying assumptions and key tenets for the development of the Virginia Farm to Table Plan was that all Virginians should continued to be educated about the social, environmental and economic importance of the local food system and that quality food should be affordable and accessible to everyone in Virginia regardless of their economic means.
Virginia Farm to Table Plan (3 MB – pdf)
Executive Summary (4MB – pdf)


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Hauling is the process of bringing an object to its designated place. There are several specific types of hauling, based on the type of item(s) to be hauled and determined by designating the specific labors on indivual dwarves.
Although not a term found in-game, hauler generally refers to a dwarf in fortress mode who has no labors enabled other than hauling. Once the dwarven economy starts, haulers are usually the poorest in the fortress as the hauling task only pays 1☼ per task completed. In large fortresses where there may be great distances for haulers to travel, individual hauling tasks may take a long time to complete, and so very little money is earned. Haulers are good candidates for cross-training to help improve their strength and agility attributes, which are important attributes for moving heavy objects across a fortress quickly.
Many larger fortresses use dedicated dwarves to do much of the hauling so that other, more specialized dwarves will spend more time in their workshops and less time dragging raw materials or finished products to the appropriate stockpile.
 Automatic hauling
Some hauling tasks do not require any hauling labor:
- A dwarf working at a workshop will gather the raw materials needed to produce wanted goods. However, produced goods require the appropriate hauling labor to be moved out of the workshop in order to avoid clutter. Dwarves producing goods at a workshop tend to keep producing them and will not necessarily clear their own workshops of clutter even when they have the appropriate hauling labor enabled.
- All adult civilian dwarves, including nobles, will bring goods to the depot.
- A moody dwarf will gather the raw materials needed for a mysterious construction.
- A dwarf
uilding something will move the needed materials to the construction site.
- Before a dwarf will build something, he will need to have the appropriate labor as specified by the task. If the dwarf is building a chair or similar, the dwarf needs Furniture Hauling; if the dwarf is building a wooden wall, it's Carpentry, and so forth. Workshops are usually constructed by any dwarf that can work in that workshop.
- An herbalist will haul any successfully-gathered plant to a stockpile immediately, if there is space available in one.
- Dwarves in the midst of eating will carry their meal to a table. Military dwarves, however, will eat directly off of the floor.
- Dwarves who have just finished drinking booze will return their barrel to the nearest food stockpile.
- Removing constructed objects will be done by all dwarves.
- Filling pits and ponds will be done by all dwarves.
- If you have the "All dwarves harvest" option turned on, all dwarves will help bring in the harvest, even if they don't have Food Hauling enabled.
 Stone hauling
Note: Dwarves, being the kind fellows they are, practically insist on hauling one of the farthest stones into your stockpiles. They tend to ignore eligible, nearby stones 'for the greater good of the fortress'. This selfless act often results in terribly long journeys, carrying just one stone. See the section on Stone management for tips on combatting this problem.
 Wood hauling
Dwarves with the wood hauling labor enabled will haul wood logs to the corresponding stockpiles.
DeforestationWood production can be sped up a lot by turning off wood hauling on your most skilled woodcutter who will focus exclusively on cutting down trees. This will however expose more of your dwarves as many wood haulers will go outside to retrieve the logs.
 Item hauling
 Food hauling
 Refuse hauling
Dwarves with the refuse hauling labor will haul rotting food, and non-dwarf bodyparts to refuse stockpiles. They will also dump marked items to the appropriate activity zone. Refuse hauling are subject to refuse orders ( : Set Orders and Options -> : Refuse Orders).
 Furniture hauling
 Animal hauling
 Tips and issues
In order to minimize hauling trips, stockpiles should be placed with care.
- Input and ouput stockpiles should be placed near corresponding workshops.
- Spoils of war: dwarves may haul entire bins full of items, or items individually. However, they are not smart enough to bin items in order to carry them, so this may end in numerous needless trips from deceased enemies to your fortress, each dwarf carrying one item at a time. To counter this:
- Place a small bin stockpile and a general purpose stockpile near the battlefield.
- When every spoil has been binned, remove the stockpiles, mark the filled bins for dumping, deactivate your usual garbage zone and create a new one in your fortress.
- When everything has been moved, reclaim your dumped items and restore your garbage zones as usual.
- Construction preparation: when constructing something big away from your fort (e.g. a road), the dwarf assigned to the construction (or architecture) will have to carry each item from your fort to the construction location, which can take a long time. By putting stockpiles near your construction project, many dwarves may participate in the hauling, thus dramatically increasing construction speed. Note that materials are allocated at the time of building, so be sure the stockpile is filled before placing the construction order, otherwise the materials will still have to come from afar.
- Consider specializing your haulers if possible - food haulers that orbit around the kitchen/dining room/farm area, stone haulers that orbit around the mines and furnaces, and (if possible/needed) wood haulers that do likewise with the carpenter shop. Turn off refuse hauling if that dwarf isn't going to be near areas likely to have refuse. This keeps the mine hauler from deciding to walk aaaallll the way over to the kitchens for one load, and then out to the forest for one, and then back to the smelters, and so on.
- Furthermore, you can handpick your specialized hauler, selecting them by their attributes. A wood hauler might be chosen because of his agility, since he might have to walk a lot of tiles to reach the forest, depending on the fortress and map layout. A stone hauler, on the other hand, might be chosen because of his strength so that he can pick up and carry heavy stones (such as gold and platinum) more quickly.
- The Grower profession can have a huge impact on hauling - see farming for a discussion.
To ensure that high-priority hauling tasks (like food, to clean up after get done quickly, you should employ a large number of haulers, and specialize them by having only one or two hauling labors enabled. This is most important for food hauling, where prepared meals in the kitchen often rot while your dwarves are hauling individual seeds left behind after someone eats a plump helmet, or if your hunters bring a herd of animals in for your butchers all at once.
The backlog problem is exacerbated by the fact that the hauling job queue is tied to how many haulers of each type you have; if 100 dwarves have food hauling enabled, up to 100 food hauling tasks can be in the queue, even if those dwarves are busy hauling stone, doing workshop tasks, sleeping, or doing anything else.Verify This is why hauling specialization is so important.
 Two stockpiles are better than one
For stockpiles that use bins or barrels, it is usually better to cut one large stockpile into a handful of smaller ones. This is because dwarves will only load one bin or barrel at a time, and may go idle for long periods while they wait for the next-chosen bin or barrel to actually get hauled to the stockpile before they can load it. By using several smaller stockpiles, haulers can retrieve and fill multiple bins or barrels simultaneously.


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About the DD Act
The purpose of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (DD Act) is to ensure that people with developmental disabilities and their families have access to community services, individualized supports, and other forms of assistance that promote:
- Integration and inclusion
The DD Act also aims to ensure that individuals with developmental disabilities and their families participate in the design of these services, supports, and assistance.
See History of the DD Act for detailed information on how the DD Act and its programs have changed over time.
Evolution of the DD Act
1960s: First Legislation
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy's Panel on Mental Retardation investigated the major issues that people with developmental disabilities faced, such as exclusion from schools, community activities, and other areas of public and private life. The panel published its findings in "A Proposed Program for National Action to Combat Mental Retardation."
After the plan was released, President Kennedy made recommendations to Congress, some of which were enacted as the Maternal and Child Health and Mental Retardation Planning Act and the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963.
The Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act established University Affiliated Facilities, which later became the University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDDs).
1970s: Early DD Act
In 1970 Congress passed the DD Act, or the Developmental Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Amendments, which amended the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963. Although several related pieces of legislation precede the 1970 DD Act, this is the first version that introduced the term "developmental disability."
The 1970 Act expanded the target population covered under the law. It also required states to establish a State Planning and Advisory Council, known today as DD Councils.
In 1975 Congress passed the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act, revising the definition of developmental disability to include autism and dyslexia and establishing the Protection and Advocacy System (P&A).
In 1978 Congress again revised the definition of developmental disability. It raised the age of onset to 22 and switched from a list of specific conditions to a more generalized approach focused on a functional definition of a developmental disability as a "severe, chronic disability…attributable to a physical or mental impairment…likely to continue indefinitely" and resulting in substantial functional limitations in three or more areas of major life activity.
1980s: New Priorities and Goals
The amendments in 1984 added new priorities and values, and also articulated goals for services for people with developmental disabilities "to achieve their maximum potential through increased independence, productivity, and integration into the community…" In addition, People First Language was first used throughout the Act in 1984.
In 1987 Congress created amendments focusing on the capabilities, competencies, preferences and needs of people with developmental disabilities, and recognizing the important role of families and community members in the lives of people with developmental disabilities.
1990s: New Values and Emphasis on Cultural Diversity
The amendments of 1990 added the values of inclusion and interdependence, and in 1994 the DD Act was reorganized and simplified. The 1994 amendments added the Projects of National Significance (PNS) initiative and revised integration and inclusion as a key principle. The amendments also placed increased emphasis on cultural diversity, cultural competence, individual dignity, and personal preferences in providing services and supports.
2000s: Current DD Act
In 2000 the DD Act was extended and reauthorized through 2007. The definition of self-determination was added, and the definition of developmental disability was clarified for children up to age 9. The act also added new requirements for State Councils, including requiring at least 60 percent of the Council to be comprised of individuals with developmental disabilities or their family members.
The DD Act is currently awaiting reauthorization.
Gettings, Robert M. Forging a Federal-State Partnership: A History of State and Federal Developmental Disabilities Policy, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2011.
National Council on Disability. Exploring New Paradigms for the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act: Supplement to the 2011 NCD publication Rising Expectations: The Developmental Disabilities Act Revisited, April 2012.
National Council on Disability. Rising Expectations: The Developmental Disabilities Act Revisited, February 2011.


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Crime Magazine is about true crime: organized crime, celebrity crime, serial killers, corruption, sex crimes, capital punishment, prisons, assassinations, justice issues, crime books, crime films and crime studies.
Carrie A. Nation
On December 27, 1900, prohibitionist Carry Nation smashes up the bar at the Carey Hotel in Wichita, Kansas, causing several thousand dollars in damage and is arrested. Nation, who was released shortly after the incident, became famous for carrying a hatchet and wrecking saloons as part of her anti-alcohol crusade.
Carry Amelia Moore was born in Kentucky in 1846. As a young woman, she married Charles Gloyd, whose early death from alcohol abuse left Nation alone to support their young child. The experience instilled in Nation a lifelong distaste for alcohol. She later married David Nation, who worked as a preacher and lawyer, and they eventually settled in Kansas. There, she was involved with the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). The WCTU was founded in 1874 by women concerned about the problems alcohol was causing their families and society. At the time, women lacked many of the same rights as men and their lives could be ruined if their husbands drank too much. In addition to alcohol prohibition, over the years the WCTU lobbied for a long list of social reforms. In 1880, Kansas became the first state to adopt a constitutional provision banning the manufacture and sale of alcohol. However, prohibition was enforced unevenly and with many saloon owners ignoring the ban completely, Nation came to believe she needed to abandon the nonviolent methods of the WCTU in order to make an impact. After the incident at the Carey Hotel, her notoriety increased as she continued her saloon-smashing campaign in other locations and traveled extensively to speak out in favor of temperance. She sold souvenir hatchets to help fund her activities and used the name Carry A. Nation. Nation died in 1911, never living to see nationwide prohibition in America, which was established with the 18th Amendment to the Constitution which went into effect on January 16, 1920. Prohibition was considered a failure and was repealed on December 5, 1933, with the 21st Amendment.
Visit Michael Thomas Barry's official author website – _URL_ and order his true crime book, Murder and Mayhem 52 Crimes that Shocked Early California _PHONE_, from Amazon or Barnes and Noble through the following links:


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Build A Plane builds on early success
As part of a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiative to get children more interested in math, science, and technology, Build A Plane, Cessna, and Parametric Technology Corporation will be supplying computer-aided design software to schools for kids to design new aircraft. The program allows students to collaborate via the Web with engineers from the DOE and Cessna.
Build A Plane also announced at Oshkosh on July 29 that the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) is supporting Build A Plane participants from Kentucky at the show. The students are restoring an Aeronca Champ, and they will be working on it throughout the show at GAMA's booth.
Build A Plane was formed to get children excited about aviation. The group's first project was a Cessna 150 in California. By the end of the refurbishment, two students had soloed, two were attending airframe and powerplant school on the weekends, and one had enrolled at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The group now has 70 airplanes in schools around the country.
July 29, 2008


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At Sarjan, quality is defined end-to-end by meeting and surpassing customer expectations
The Sarjan approach to quality
- Understanding customer needs
- Custom design solutions that are cost and time effective
- Build systems and processes to ensure quality consciousness at every stage
- Honor our commitments on delivery and service before and after sales
- Continuous training and development of our team to ensure cutting-edge solutions and output
Basic Quality process as below:
- Acceptance and testing of new materials.
- Appropriate maintenance and testing of equipment, materials and processes.
- Calibration, and verification of the calibration facilities.
- Reliable testing of the system performance.
- Periodic performance testing of the system.
At Sarjan, we understand that Purity is a scientific achievement that needs constant focus on quality, regular learning and consistent delivery.


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Sea level rise at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge
Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge presents Alternative Transportation Study
At Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern tip of Assateague Island, the sea playfully laps at the picturesque, sandy beach. Or so it seems, on this cloudless spring morning on Virginia's eastern coast.
Last November, a severe Nor'easter hit the Eastern seaboard, flooding parts of the refuge and washing out the parking lots adjacent to the public beach. The lots, about 50 yards from the ocean, can hold approximately 960 cars, servicing the 3,000 – 4,000 people a day who visit the beach during peak summer months.
"I don't know how many more storms we can take," said Refuge Manager Lou Hinds.
Last year, the parking lots, made of loose shell and sand so as not to disrupt the natural terrain, were over-washed eight times by storms – more than any year in recent memory. Every time the lots are washed away, the National Park Service, who maintain the beach in partnership with the Service, has to rebuild the lots at a cost that can exceed $600,000. It's a cost the American taxpayer has born almost on an annual basis only to see Mother Nature hit the reset button during the next, inevitable storm and wash it all away.
Climate change looms like a swirling thundercloud over the heads of coastal communities, many of whom will likely be some of the first areas to see its effects. Sea level rise and increasing frequency and intensity of storms threatens to significantly alter existing coastlines – displacing both the wildlife and people who for generations have called the shore their home. For towns like Chincoteague that depend on tourism for economic survival, landscape changes could have an impact to the local economy.
Here, and around the globe, the beach and ocean are inextricably linked. Likewise, the fate of the town of Chincoteague and the refuge are deeply intertwined and have been for generations.
Nearly 50 years ago, the bridge connecting the town of Chincoteague to the refuge was built. That act cemented the town's economy to the refuge.
Beach access is the central component of this relationship. Beach parking allows for convenient public access to the beach, fostering a vibrant eco-tourism industry that has become the basis of the town's economy.
"70 – 80 percent of the town's businesses depend on the beach," said Chincoteague Mayor Jack Tarr.
In January of 2008, Chincoteague NWR, the Service and its partners, Assateague Island National Seashore, the National Park Service, the Town of Chincoteague, and Accomack County contracted with the VOLPE Center, part of the U.S. Department of Transportation to produce an Alternative Transportation Study (pdf). The purpose of the study is to gather information, identify transportation issues, and develop and analyze possible alternatives.
"The recently completed study is just that – a study," said Hinds. "A course of action has yet to be determined, but will be the subject of further public meetings in preparation for the 2012 Comprehensive Conservation Planning document (CCP).
The alternatives in the study range from no action to relocating all beach parking off of the refuge, an option most Chincoteague residents were particularly concerned about at the study's April 6 public roll-out.
Hundreds of Chincoteague residents – some whose families have lived in the town for generations – attended the April 6 public meeting. The atmosphere was tense as Hinds and Michael Dyer of VOLPE presented the study.
Many residents expressed opinions ranging from skepticism to downright outrage at the prospect of moving parking entirely off the beach. Mayor Tarr noted that families – who make up the majority of Chincoteague visitors – like the convenience of driving directly to the beach.
"We have a short [tourism] season at Chincoteague and we're in competition with other beach communities for visitors," said Mayor Tarr. "If we move the parking off of the beach, how do we keep visitors happy? What would the town look like without tourism?"
While a plan of action has yet to be developed, Refuge Manager Lou Hinds noted that every year, the sea level at Chincoteague is rising – slowly, but surely.
"Our goal is to engage the community and come up with a plan that is both responsible and sustainable for the future," said Hinds.
In 1964, the U.S. Geological Survey planted a marker in the sand near the Chincoteague public beach and recorded the distance from the marker to the surf – 115 paces. Refuge Manager Lou Hinds happened upon that very same marker earlier this year. Today, the marker is in the surf.
"In less than 50 years, 115 yards of beach has been lost," said Hinds. "We don't have another 50 years."
Climate Modeling at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge
Rising sea levels threaten to reshape coastal habitats – swallowing coastlines, submerging marshlands, and radically altering habitats further inland. For coastal refuges like Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge and its robust shorebird populations, sea level rise will produce dramatic changes to both the refuge's landscape and management efforts to protect wildlife within its bounds.
With over 1.4 million visitors annually, Chincoteague NWR, off the northeast coast of Virginia, is one the most popular refuges in the United States – for people and wildlife. Located along the Atlantic flyway, tens of thousands of migratory birds call the refuge "home" during the spring and fall seasons, including threatened species, like the piping plover. The refuge is also home to land mammals like the endangered Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel and the world famous Chincoteague Ponies.
Chincoteague NWR has been designated a Globally Important Bird Area and one of the top ten birding hotspots by the National Audubon Society. But this idyllic location faces profound threats from sea level rise associated with rising global temperatures and melting polar ice caps.
"Older maps of the refuge and the town of Chincoteague tell a distinct story," said Lou Hinds, refuge manager at Chincoteague NWR. "The actual land mass is shrinking and sea level rise is the main culprit."
"Sea level rise has framed our view of the CCP," said Hinds. "I realized we had to start gathering data to inform management decisions – not just for the next 15 years, but for future generations of refuge managers to follow me."
To determine the extent to which sea level rise will affect Chincoteague NWR, the refuge commissioned a climate model specifically designed to predict the effects of rising sea levels on coastal habitats.
The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model or SLAMM, has been used to predict the effects of sea level rise for over twenty years. In April of 2009, however, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released SLAMM-View, a new user-friendly internet tool that allows the public to view simulations of sea level rise. A web browser-based application SLAMM-View displays map pairs of the same area, each at different sea level predictions.
SLAMM is designed to predict the amount of long term habitat shift in a coastal area. As sea levels rise throughout the 21st century, today's coastal forest may slowly evolve into a salt marsh, then a mudflat, and eventually open water.
SLAMM-View's side-by-side comparisons can be set for dozens of different scenarios – for example, current sea levels and habitat distribution compared to predicted sea level and habitat distribution at the end of the century.
The modeling was completed for Chincoteague NWR in September 2009. The results were disturbing.
It was a dreary Friday afternoon when Hinds received some of the early projections. "It hit me like a ton of bricks," said Hinds, "and took my breath away."
What the model predicted was nothing less than a wholesale transformation of the refuge. Vast swaths of wetlands, and the precious shorebird habitats contained within, would likely be radically altered – or even under water – in 2100.
According to the model, rising sea levels over the next 100 years will flood coastal marshlands and transform inland habitats at Chincoteague NWR – producing a cascade effect on the refuge's habitats.
As troubling as it may be, models such as SLAMM are essential for land managers like Hinds to predict where essential habitats for shorebirds and other wildlife, including endangered and threatened species, will be lost and possibly gained in the future.
"Several species of shorebirds are in trouble," said Hinds. "As sea levels rise and habitats shift, it's imperative for us to know where shorebird habitats will migrate to."
Currently, acquiring precise elevation data is one of the key challenges to predicting the future migration of essential shorebird habitats. Vegetation on the ground can make it difficult to establish an area's exact elevation and therefore how it will be transformed by rising sea levels. "Bare earth elevations" that have mathematically eliminated vegetation from the data set are needed to reduce uncertainty in the model and accurately predict how habitats will shift and evolve in the future.
To confront this challenge, The Marine Science Consortium and NASA have joined forces with Chincoteague NWR and the Service. The working group will gather precise bare earth elevation data for the refuge to better refine the SLAMM analysis.
"This is a crucial first step towards developing a more refined SLAMM analysis," said Hinds, "and we're excited to begin the process along with our partners The Marine Science Consortium and NASA."
In the meantime,


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An Independent Study Guide to Reading Greek by Joint Association of Classical Teachers
English, Greek | 2008 | ISBN: _PHONE_ | ISBN-13: 9780521698504 | 276 pages | PDF | 1 MB
First published in 1978 and now thoroughly revised, Reading Greek is a best-selling one-year introductory course in ancient Greek for students of any age. It combines the best of modern and traditional language-learning techniques and is used in schools, summer schools and universities across the world.
This Independent Study Guide is intended to help students who are learning Greek on their own or with only limited access to a teacher. It contains notes on the texts that appear in the Text and Vocabulary volume, translations of all the texts, answers to the exercises in the Grammar and Exercises volume and cross-references to the relevant fifth-century background in The World of Athens. There are instructions of how to use the course and the Study Guide. The book will also be useful to students in schools, universities and summer schools who have to learn Greek rapidly.


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ABSTRACT: The American Academy of Pediatrics called for action for improved screening of mental health issues in the emergency department (ED). We developed the rapid screening tool home, education, activities/peers, drugs/alcohol, suicidality, emotions/behavior, discharge resources (HEADS-ED), which is a modification of "HEADS," a mnemonic widely used to obtain a psychosocial history in adolescents. The reliability and validity of the tool and its potential for use as a screening measure are presented.
ED patients presenting with mental health concerns from March 1 to May 30, 2011 were included. Crisis intervention workers completed the HEADS-ED and the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Mental Health tool (CANS MH) and patients completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Interrater reliability was assessed by using a second HEADS-ED rater for 20% of the sample.
A total of 313 patients were included, mean age was 14.3 (SD 2.63), and there were 182 females (58.1%). Interrater reliability was 0.785 (P <.001). Correlations were computed for each HEADS-ED category and items from the CANS MH and the CDI. Correlations ranged from r = 0.17, P <.05 to r = 0.89, P <.000. The HEADS-ED also predicted psychiatric consult and admission to inpatient psychiatry (sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 87%; area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.82, P <.01).
The results provide evidence to support the psychometric properties of the HEADS-ED. The study shows promising results for use in ED decision-making for pediatric patients with mental health concerns.
PEDIATRICS 07/2012; 130(2):e321-7. · 4.47 Impact Factor


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Zied Hammami1*, Nawel Ahmed2, Nejia Ben Hmida2, Soumaya Tounsi2, Sawsen Ayadi2 and Youssef Trifa2
1Crop Diversification and Genetics Section, International Center for Biosaline
Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, UAE
2Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
*Corresponding Author: Zied Hammami, Crop Diversification and Genetics Section, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, UAE.
Received: April 16, 2020; Published: June 29, 2020
The success of programmes improving barley performance under abiotic stress must go through an understanding of mechanisms developed by the plant to counteract this stress. Our study fits into this framework. It aims to evaluate six barley genotypes from the MENA region, treated with two salinity levels: 1.2 and 14 dS/m. Three genotypes are salt-tolerant, and three are sensitive. They were grown under a controlled environment and in 40L PVC tubes using sand and perlite as substrate. The evaluation was based on 15 morpho-physiological parameters related to water, ion content, temperature, and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results confirm the existence of genetic variability for salt tolerance. Two Tunisian landraces 'Suihli' and 'Ardhaoui' and Omanis landraces 'Batini 100/1B' were not affected. Conversely, 'ICARDA20' and 'Barley Mednine' appeared to be sensitive to salt stress with a maximum reduction of 35% for improved genotype 'Konous'. Results also show that salt tolerance in barley cannot be exclusively attributed to a single mechanism. All studied parameters significantly (p < 0.001) contributed to it. However, Stepwise regression revealed that plant water status expected by RWC is the key for salinity tolerance as well as a positive effect of K+ content, Fm/Fv, and leaf Temperature on proper water status. The results highlight the effeteness of one visual trait, the salinity damage index (DI), to estimate barley tolerance. Indeed, a strong correlation was observed between DI and the biomass reduction (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.96). In addition, correlation analyses showed that all parameters were inversely correlated with the DI.
Keywords: Salinity; Barley; Morpho-Physiological Parameters Traits; Tolerance; Damage Index
Citation: Zied Hammami., et al. "The Arsenal of Morphological and Physiological Mechanisms Adopted by Barley (Hordeum vulgare. L) to Face Salt Stress Damage". Acta Scientific Agriculture 4.7 (2020): 92-101.
Copyright: © 2020 Zied Hammami., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


text:
NATIONAL INCOME, GROSS PRODUCT, AND EXPENDITURE AGGREGATES
Two basic national aggregates have been used so far in centrally Planned economies: national income and gross social product. Both are basically different from national income and gross national product under the definition generally accepted in the West.1
National income and social product, as presently defined in Eastern Europe, refer only to the sphere of material production or the "productive" sphere. This does not mean that they exclude all services. They include services connected with the production and distribution of material products, such as trade (wholesale, retail, and foreign), transportation of goods, legal services, etc. In the Czechoslovak framework, the branches of material production are industry (mining, manufacturing, electricity, and gas); construction; agriculture; forestry; transportation (in principle, freight transport only); communications and servicing production; state supplies of materials and state procurement of agricultural produce; trade and public catering.
Explicitly excluded from the official Czechoslovak computations of national income are the following branches of the "nonmaterial" or "nonproductive" sphere: passenger transportation; communications (the part servicing the population); science and research (but probably not industrial research); communal services (such as barbers, cleaners, etc.);____________________
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. _URL_
Publication information: Book title: Central Planning in Czechoslovakia:Organization for Growth in a Mature Economy. Contributors: Jan M. Michal - Author. Publisher: Stanford University Press. Place of publication: Stanford, CA. Publication year: 1960. Page number: 211.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means.


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The interior and exterior colors of your house are largely a matter of personal preference; if that weren't true, painting wouldn't be much fun. Nevertheless, color-matching guidelines can help you maintain congruity and a sense of harmony, which, according to feng shui, helps you maintain a positive and healthy outlook. Painting doors to match the walls doesn't violate these guidelines, but it doesn't always further them, either. Design scheme and door placement are also important considerations.
Highlights and Contrast
Interior designers traditionally consider the door as part of the interior trim, which includes the baseboards and door and window casings. It's unusual to paint trim the same color as the walls, although the monochromatic effect this creates can complement oversized windows or a prominent fireplace. Designers more commonly use trim to highlight the wall colors by painting them a different color, and they often choose a color for the door that either matches the trim or complements it. In a bold color scheme, the door can even provide contrast. A red door in a room with pastel green walls and forest green trim is an example of such a bold contrast.
Feng Shui and Direction
In feng shui, the door defines the north direction in a room, and the colors for north are black and blue. The actual geographic direction that the door faces is also important. Depending on the nature of the room, it may be more advantageous to emphasize one over another. For example, red emphasizes the natural fire element of a south-facing door, but if the room has a fireplace on the wall opposite the door, a blue door defines the fireplace wall as south, which is an appropriate placement for a fireplace. On the other hand, in a room with few defining characteristics, painting the south-facing door red reinforces actual geographic orientation and is probably more appropriate.
If you have a room full of interesting furniture or expressive paintings, you may not need much definition from the wall and door colors. In that case, you may choose to paint the doors the same color as the walls. The paint you use for doors usually has a different sheen than wall paint, and that difference can be more than enough to distinguish the door and make it stand out. If the door opens into the room, you usually paint the edge the same color as that side of the door. Don't forget to pay attention to the choice of color on the opposite side of the door, since it's visible when the door is open.
Exterior Door Colors
Whereas it isn't uncommon to paint an interior door the same color as the walls, the same isn't true for exterior doors. In feng shui terms, an exterior door -- particularly the main entrance door -- is a gateway for chi, or energy, to enter the house. It should harmonize not only with the color of the walls, but also the surroundings and the direction the door faces so as to attract the type of energy you want. For example, green is the natural color for east and emphasizes the wood element. If the house is already predominantly green, though, or lots of trees are around the house, you might choose another color, such as blue, red or white, to bring in the element that color represents.
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Onda is a decorative textile piece that purifies the air.
It is constructed of fabric with a thin coating based on copper-doped titanium dioxide. When combined with this chemical coating, the textile uses daylight to create a reaction with pollution such as soot and odor, transforming them into harmless water molecules. Users can track the air quality by lightly pressing on Onda's fabric. This activates a light that will remain slow and calm while the air is clean, but become quick and frenzied when sensing pollution. Users can also momentarily boost air purification by pressing and holding the piece, lighting the frame to emit ultraviolet light, the most efficient method of rapid air purification. With interchangeable textiles and designs, Onda unites life-enhancing technology with personal expression.


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 - Apache 2.2, Windows Server 2003 R2
 - Apache autmatically started as service, log on as local system account
 - different vhosts configured
What (apache module?) do I have to configure so that e.g. a script can output a file to a application-server in a specific path? The path is accessible with read and write permissions for a user or group managed by active directory. Web server and application server are different machines, both managed by active directory.
The different vhosts communicate with different hosts on a per file-level mostly XML or text files.
Switching to a active directory user running the apache process is not a solution!
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LocalSystem is, of course, only recognized by the local system's SAM. So it clearly cannot be authenticated by any other server.
You've actually ruled out the typical solution to problems like this: change the account that the Apache service runs as. Create a specific service account in your domain for it (say, "ApacheServiceOnServer1"), make sure it is in no groups whatsoever (not even 'users'), and then add an ACL for ApacheServiceOnServer1 to the specific directories it needs to read/write to. Make sure said ACL has only the exact permissions it needs - for instance, if it doesn't need the ability to delete files in that directory, then do not grant that priv. Pay attention to inheritance, too. In this way, you limit the Apache service's access to only those exact things it needs to do.
If the above is not suitable to you, then you are left with two choices:
1: Your script (which writes to some network share) must include an authentication step, so that it provides creds recognized by the other server.
2: Loosen the security on the share your script is writing to, by allowing the 'Everyone' user to write to it. This will require you to enable the 'Guest' account on the other server.
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