Would You Use Veggie Oil to Fuel Your Vehicle?
Vegetable oil can power your vehicle, but the effects on the environment are still unclear.
By Tim Wacker
December 2007/January 2008
Golden Fuel Systems (Springfield, MO) founder Charlie Anderson displays an example of "good grease" suitable for use in a veggie-oil-powered vehicle.
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This may sound strange, but you can run your diesel car or truck on vegetable oil and nearly eliminate your use of traditional gas or diesel. For certain people, veggie oil could lead to major savings. Called veggie cars or grease cars, these vehicles have fuel systems modified to burn both diesel fuel and straight vegetable oil. The idea is actually a modern twist on the original intention for the diesel engine.
But even proponents say veggie oil is not for everyone because of the extra work it requires. Nevertheless, there is a small, but growing, part of the population that's passionate about using grease to make their cars go. These people are drawn to this alternative fuel because it saves them money, gives them more control of their transportation fuel needs and makes a difference for the environment.
All this may sound too good to be true, and in some ways it is. Is it the most environmentally friendly alternative fuel? Should new vegetable oil or used grease be used? And here's the real kicker: It's technically illegal (see "Veggie Oil Vehicles and the Law," below). So, before you start hoarding Wesson Oil, there are a few things you should consider.
Want Fries with That?
To get a sense of how this works, consider the example of Ty Martin. On Thursdays and Sundays the Lawrence, Kan., auto mechanic parks behind his favorite restaurant and heads inside for a hamburger and fries. As he eats with friends at the bar, kitchen staff fill a tank in the back of his truck with grease that was used to cook food just the day before. An hour later, truck and driver head home, both smelling faintly of burnt peanut oil. The used grease then propels Martin's pickup all over town, all for free (except the food).
For Martin, burning vegetable oil means more than maintaining a dual fuel system. It's a lifestyle, attracting the bohemian in a growing number of Americans who, for environmental, financial and/or political reasons, bristle over using fossil fuels for transportation. Whatever your motivation might be, if you have a diesel engine, it could run on cooking oil.
In fact, in the 1890s German inventor Rudolf Diesel originally designed his engine to run on vegetable oil.
A New Kind of Kit Car
The big challenge with using vegetable oil in Diesel's engine was, and is, cold weather. Vegetable oil works best when it is hot — ideally 160 degrees — and it thickens like butter when it is cold. That means the engine has to be warmed up before it can run on vegetable oil, and the veggie oil must be flushed out before the engine cools down. Otherwise, you will have clogged fuel lines when you next try to start the car. To convert a diesel engine to run on veggie oil, you have several options.
The conversion hardware can be bought in kit form from a variety of manufacturers. Greasecar Vegetable Fuel Systems of Easthampton, Mass., estimates they've sold about 4,000 of their conversion kits over the past few years at prices ranging from $995 to $2,000. Lovecraft Bio-Fuels of Los Angeles, Calif., and Portland, Ore., which sells kits and installs them, estimates it has sold about 1,800 units, starting at $425 for the kit alone and $870 installed. (Lovecraft also sells a one-tank system.)
Some people custom build veggie cars. Martin saw his friend Marcos Markoulatos' Greasecar kit in operation and decided he could do the conversion himself. He ended up with a used gas tank behind his truck seat and rubber heating hoses running from his truck radiator through the tank — all for $250.
Veggie-capable Vehicles
Finding just the right car to burn vegetable oil can be more challenging. First and foremost, it has to have a diesel engine. The best cars to convert tend to be older models, according to Lovecraft. The exception appears to be the Volkswagen Jetta TDI — even more recent editions can be converted easily. Among the better older models for veggie conversions is the Mercedes 300 SD, particularly model years 1981 to 1985. Greasecar, on the other hand, says the majority of its kits go in newer domestic trucks or Volkswagen cars.
Diesel trucks get plenty of power out of vegetable oil. Martin said his 1990 Dodge Ram pickup made the switch without slowing down. Lovecraft and Greasecar both said the Ford F250 diesel models from 1995 to 2000 are well-suited for conversions. These trucks easily accommodate the necessary plumbing changes for burning vegetable oil.
New or Used Cooking Oil?
Vegetable oil enthusiasts love the idea of free fuel, so they take used cooking oil restaurants would otherwise throw away. To find a veggie-car-friendly eatery near you, click here.
For converts less concerned about saving money, or perhaps skeptical about using waste oil, brand-new vegetable oil is another option. But you'll pay a premium. At your local supermarket it can cost $6 a gallon or more. The cheapest oil right now is soybean oil, which can be bought in 250 gallon containers for about $3.40 a gallon. A company called Smarter Fuel, based in Bethlehem, Pa., refines used vegetable oil from restaurants across the mid-Atlantic states and resells it for $1.95 per gallon.
The cost of the new and refined oils does translate into fewer headaches than burning free used vegetable oil, which can have bread crumbs, water, even the occasional chunk of catfish in it. But there are different schools of thought on how clean used vegetable oil needs to be before you burn it in an engine.
One restaurant prefilters the oil for Martin and Markoulatos to clean it up a bit, and then the two tinkerers pour the oil into a 55-gallon plastic drum with a spigot 6 inches from the bottom. They let the oil sit for a week before drawing off everything above the dregs. Before they pour that into their trucks, they filter it again.
Pollution-wise, the differences between burning new and used vegetable oil are less stark. William Kemp, in his book Biodiesel Basics and Beyond says that new and used oil just about tie on soot and nitrogen oxide emissions, while waste oil puts out more carbon monoxide, and new oil puts out more carbon dioxide.
When comparing vegetable oil emissions to petrodiesel, the results are more mixed. Diesel exhaust puts out more soot than veggie oil, while putting out about 10 percent fewer hydrocarbons. But these measurements, Kemp says, don't account for the biggest environmental argument in favor of vegetable oil to fuel cars: global warming. You have to grow plants to produce vegetable oil so the carbon dioxide emitted by burning it is captured as a new crop of oil plants grows.
Then there is veggie oil's close cousin (some would say rival) — biodiesel — which is vegetable oil chemically processed to work like petrodiesel in standard diesel engines without modifications. It is available, usually blended with petrodiesel, at hundreds of filling stations across the country. Biodiesel proponents say veggie oil fuel, particularly waste oil, will always be a low-volume, backyard enterprise.
"People think vegetable oil and biodiesel are the same; they are not," says Joshua Tickell, author of Biodiesel America. "Modern diesels are not made to run on straight vegetable oil (SVO). The SVO concept distracts from the huge potential of the biodiesel industry. There is no prospect for straight vegetable oil being a reliable fuel," Tickell says.
There are numerous fans of veggie oil fuel, though, who have come to the opposite conclusion and feel just as strongly.
"Our conversion kits are developed and tested by our engineers for each specific application to ensure compatibility, and we have many customers who have been running successfully for almost 10 years," says Justin Carven, founder of Greasecar.
(These contrasting perspectives are but one example of the contentious and evolving debate about the shortand long-term feasibility of biofuels. For more on their potential compared to other energy options, see Solar is the Solution. — Mother )
With all this in mind, the decision to use vegetable oil for fuel is one to consider carefully. Concerns about taxes and EPA regulations are significant. And for many people, filtering the veggie oil and the potential for mechanical problems would be inconvenient. But for those who can embrace these challenges, veggie oil is a fun and empowering solution.
Veggie Oil Vehicles and the Law
Excited about the idea of running your car on veggie oil? Maybe even free waste oil? Before you get too excited, carefully consider this problem: It's technically illegal, although that may be changing soon.
How could something so simple and well-intentioned cause legal problems? Here's the skinny:
 - Fuel taxes on "traditional" fuels


text:
By Dan Whitcomb
LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Four petroglyphs carved into volcanic rock more than 3,500 years ago have been hacked out and stolen by thieves who also damaged other engravings at a historic site in California, U.S. authorities said on Tuesday.
The petroglyphs in the Volcanic Tablelands east of Yosemite represented a "pristine example of Great Basin rock art" that portrayed the daily hunter-gatherer activities that took place in the area, the Bureau of Land Management said.
"The individuals who did this have destroyed an irreplaceable part of our national cultural heritage," Bernadette Lovato, Bureau of Land Management field office manager, said in a statement.
"We have increased surveillance of our sites and are working with other agencies to bring the responsible parties to justice and to recover the petroglyphs," Lovato said.
It was not immediately clear when the petroglyphs, or rock engravings, were removed from the site near California's border with Nevada. A volunteer monitor first spotted the damage on October 31, bureau spokesman David Christy said.
"This is terrible. This place is on the National Register of Historic Places," Christy told Reuters. "Among the rock art community, it's known as one of the outstanding examples of rock art."
Christy said the thieves would have needed ladders, concrete cutting saws and power generators to cut out the petroglyphs - not a fast or easy job.
"This wasn't casual, somebody walking around picking up arrowheads. This was a serious effort," he said.
No suspects have been identified so far. Christy said the petroglyphs had not yet surfaced on the black market for stolen antiquities.
The Volcanic Tablelands are described by the Bureau of Land Management as a vast volcanic landscape formed more than 700,000 years ago by materials spewing from the Long Valley caldera to the northwest.
The high-desert site and its volcanic rock outcroppings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, protected under the Archaeological Resources Protection Act and still used by local Paiute Indians for ceremonies.
"The location of archaeological materials, feature remains and the rock art clearly portray the activities that occurred at the site during the last 3,500 years," Greg Haverstock, an archaeologist for the Bureau of Land Management's field office in Bishop, California, said in a statement.
The Bureau of Land Management has offered a $1,000 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the people responsible for the theft.
According to the Bureau of Land Management, first-time violators of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act can be imprisoned up to one year and fined $20,000.
(Reporting by Dan Whitcomb; Editing by Cynthia Johnston and Peter Cooney)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Zinc is considered to be one of the essential micronutrients for the growth of both indoor and outdoor plants. Plants require this nutrient basically for their growth. If the soil is found to be suffering from zinc deficiency, it will surely affect the growth of the plant. Hence, zinc fertilizers are used to enhance and maximize the absorption level of zinc.
These are available at online stores. Most zinc fertilizers are extremely environmentally friendly and excellent for houseplants. Researchers have also certified the chelated zinc fertilizer to be micronutrient and effective, more particularly for corn plants as deficiency of zinc can affect the growth of corn badly. The researchers at the Utah State University have found that the concentration level of zinc in plants increases significantly with the fertilizer.
Zinc is one among the other essential elements like calcium, molybdenum or magnesium that are required for the growth of a plant in addition to the water-soluble fertilizers. These nutrients need to be adequately used but not more than one or two times in a month. Simultaneous usage of the nutrients as well as the elements will enable the plants to absorb what is necessary for them as per their requirement.
Deficiency of even one micronutrient will leave houseplants with yellow leaves even though you will be able to see green veins. Particularly, houseplants like citrus face these deficiencies and require zinc and other micronutrients. Zinc can be absorbed by houseplants from seaweed that contains zinc besides other nutrient elements like iron.
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- How To Get Rid Of Aphids On Houseplants?
- Hydrangea As Houseplant
- Natural Pest Control For Houseplants
- Red Velvet Houseplant
- Remedy For Soft Brown Scale On Houseplants
- What Houseplants Clean Our Air?
- What Houseplants Require Full Sun?
- When To Move Houseplants Outdoors?
- Why Are My Houseplants Turning Yellow And Wilting?
- Why Is The Drainage Water From Houseplants Coffee Colored?
- Zinc Absorption Houseplant

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Mechanical engineers can visualize themselves easily in a buzzing power plant or by an old boiler, but how about flying in a sailboat or powerboat, ripping through gorgeous strands of blue sea? Boat design offers adventurous opportunities for those with a natural affinity for the water, to go along with critical thinking skills. William Lasher, professor of mechanical engineering at Pennsylvania State University, who has spent the last decade focused on sail dynamics, says this is a field that becomes passion as much as career.
"Yacht design, for example, puts you up against the structural issues of racing boats, focusing on incredibly complex loading conditions," Lasher explains. "Show even a couple percent improvement in the speed and it's a major difference." Lasher utilizes finite element analysis, looking at areas such as hydrodynamic resistance of the boat in flat water versus performance in waves, or, for powerboats, the design of the propeller to correspond with the engine.
"When it comes to finite analysis, especially at the higher end of racing boats for structure, one of the places used a lot is in the design of keels," he says. "They hang on the bottom of the boat and it serves the purpose of keeping it from slipping sideways but is made out of lead. Some more recent boats are using canting keels to swing the boat sidewise, shifting from one side to the other to get better stability while dealing with the loads on them. When you're doing that with tens of thousands of pounds, you need to get pretty exact."
Where It Begins
Lasher says design can often start with a blank sheet of paper. "You're writing down the basic parameters of the boat: how long, wide, weight, how much sailing are you putting on it, what conditions are you sailing in," he says. A velocity prediction program is used to take these parameters and find an equilibrium balance between the forces on the sails and the forces on the hull.
Professor Lasher says that boat design can often start with a blank sheet of paper.
"The sails are trying to push it forward and sideways and the hull offers resistance," he says. "And that's the most interesting thing about it—how a very complex system interacts with everything else and it's hard to change one thing and not have it affect something else." It's the tradeoffs of constantly putting more sail on it, then needing more stability, he adds, or making the boat wider but then affecting the center of gravity. "You're trying to improve the performance but dealing with the 'penalty of improvement.'"
For cargo ships, Lasher says designing is adjusted more to the economic impact, trying to carry as much cargo as you can safely for the lifespan of the ship and safety of the passengers. "These ships have tremendous loads and need to design a structure to support them; that's what's driving you when you consider the cost if your design is off," he says. "I remember when I was a student we went to a Society of Naval Architects meeting and toured an SL7 (sealand ship) and went down below. You'd be just amazed by the six inch-thick metal plates, how much material goes into it … it's a lot to manage."
Where Do I Sign?
But how do you get involved? Lasher says a good way is to get a Master's degree in naval architecture as he did, feeling that combining this with a Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering would give someone a good chance to pick up what boat designing requires. But you must also be committed to continuing to educate yourself long after the diplomas. "There are a number of good books out that outline processes and techniques at various levels," he says. "But the Bible is really Skene's Elements of Yacht Design revised by Kinney."
Finally, Lasher says you'll need one more thing: patience. "Someone once said to design a [large] ship you have to take the Empire State Building's structural issues, turn it on its side and run it through waves of 25 knots," he laughs. "Now that's not an easy challenge!"
Eric Butterman is an independent writer.
Someone once said to design a [large] ship you have to take the Empire State Building's structural issues, turn it on its side and run it through waves of 25 knots. Now that's not an easy challenge!
William Lasher, professor of mechanical engineering, Penn State University
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60 Words That Lead to America's Longest War
Consider this sentence-60 Words.
That sentence is what the United States used to justify its involvement in its longest ever war.
Where did that language come from, who wrote it and why did Congress go along?
RadioLab examines that in it's award-winning examination "60 Words." The Peabody Awards jurors wrote:
60 Words tells the fascinating story of how one 60-word sentence, pieced together in the fraught aftermath of 9/11, became the distinguishing legal marker between war and peace in the United States. Tracing the evolution of the "AUMF" – or "the authorization to use military force" – the program combines recreations, analysis and interviews to chronicle the phrase's inception, the frenzied discussions over its viability, the pressured congressional voting that ushered it into existence, and its contemporary implications. Together it weaves a riveting patchwork of legal intrigue, political strategizing, moral handwringing and linguistic nuance that has since been used to authorize and justify the Iraq war, the "War on Terror" and other conflicts. A collaborative effort between Radiolab and BuzzFeed, the program is radio at its finest, using sound to artfully recreate the context by which legal and political circles came to authorize the language that would repeatedly permit America's entry into military conflict.
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Assessing the ecological importance of clouds has substantial implications for our basic understanding of ecosystems and for predicting how they will respond to a changing climate. This study was conducted in a coastal Bishop pine forest ecosystem that experiences regular cycles of stratus cloud cover and inundation in summer. The study concludes that clouds are important to the ecological functioning of these coastal forests, providing summer shading and cooling that relieve pine and microbial drought stress as well as regular moisture inputs that elevate plant and microbial metabolism.
Mariah S. Carbone, A. Park Williams, Anthony R. Ambrose, Claudia M. Boot, Eliza S. Bradley, Todd E. Dawson, Sean M. Schaeffer, Joshua P. Schimel, Christopher J. Still
Global Change Biology, November 7, 2012 (online)
UCSB press release (includes video)
Featured Summary of this research project
Following is a sample of the media coverage of this study:
Red Orbit: Climate Change Could Affect Entire Forest Ecosystems
More information about this project's research


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I want to do some math like plus, minus etc. with decimal values.
So i wrote two functions;
function to_decimal(i){
 var $dec = parseFloat(i);
 return $dec.toFixed(2);
function calc_price(){
 var $t = $('_TAG_.total').text();
 var $total = to_decimal($t);
 $('_TAG_ ul li').each(function(){
 var $p = to_decimal($(this).find('.item_price').text());
 $total = $total + $p;
 $t = $('_TAG_.total').text($total);
But these functions not working correctly i think because the result is returning string like 0.0010.30
Where is the problem?
share|improve this question
toFixed returns a string. – Felix Kling Jul 27 '11 at 13:43
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
You need to add a + infront of that statement and you're fine:
return +$dec.toFixed(2);
That will convert the string into a number. If the string cannot get converted, it'll return the NaN value.
share|improve this answer
As an equivalent alternative, I often use $dec.toFixed(2) * 1 instead (multiplication by one). I feel like I'm more likely to notice my intent later; the + can be hard to miss. – lwburk Jul 27 '11 at 13:50
Instead of:
return $dec.toFixed(2);
return Math.round($dec*100)/100;
share|improve this answer
The toFixed method returns a string. Any mathematical operation that doesn't affect the output can be used to convert the string to a number (except addition, whose operator unfortunately doubles as the string concatenation operator):
$dec.toFixed(2) - 0
$dec.toFixed(2) / 1
$dec.toFixed(2) * 1
These are the fastest methods. However, if speed is not a concern (and it probably isn't when performing a small number of operations) then the clearest, most-readable method to convert a string to a number is the Number constructor:
Edit: The performance information above may no longer be universally true. The Number constructor is indeed considerably slower than each of the alternatives in IE 7.0 and Firefox 5, but actually performs the best in Chrome 12.0.742.
share|improve this answer
Thank you. I learned something from your post. But jAndy's response is worked fine. – R. Canser Yanbakan Jul 27 '11 at 14:11
Your Answer


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Hearing Accessibility in the Workplace
From the view of a non-disabled person—or the perspective of someone who is not familiar—the daily work routine of an individual with a hearing-related disability may look just like any other. The truth is, not all disabilities are readily visible. This doesn't mean that they don't present challenges that are equal to, or even greater than, disabilities that are easily seen by the non-disabled. Hearing disabilities can range from mild to moderate (where the person may be able to hear some things) to severe or profound (where the person cannot hear anything at all.)
As an inclusive employer, there are steps you can take to provide an accessible, accommodating environment for persons with hearing-related disabilities. This is by no means a complete list—but it's a great place to get the conversation started, and your company on the way to becoming more inclusive.
Acceptance and awareness of hearing disabilities
[[{"fid":"1304","view_mode":"default","fields":{"format":"default","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Header Hearing","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false},"link_text":null,"type":"media","field_deltas":{"1":{"format":"default","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"Header Hearing","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":false}},"attributes":{"alt":"Header Hearing","style":"float: right; width: 375px; height: 214px; margin: 5px;","class":"media-element file-default","data-delta":"1"}}]]It will be important for those in the workplace to be aware of any employees who may be affected by a hearing disability. There are, of course, appropriate and tactful ways to accomplish this—but no hard rule that is "set in stone." Employers can work with their employee to discuss ways this can be tackled. Disability awareness training is one avenue, and is offered by many private and non-profit institutions devoted to helping companies become more inclusive. Or, it could be as open and simple as an all-employee meeting to openly discuss awareness of the issue, even including the employees that it affects. Employers may want to consult the ADA guidelines for further advice on what is (and what is not) appropriate. No matter which solution a company chooses, acceptance and awareness starts from the top down, throughout the whole organization.
Consider your office plan and layout
Tamara, an office worker in London who has moderate hearing loss, wrote that an "open" type of office layout can present some unique challenges. These challenges may not be immediately apparent to the non-disabled. Things like increased background noise and "chit-chat" making it difficult to lip-read or utilize a hearing aid. Unexpected noises that travel more easily through an open floorplan, or co-workers not facing her when they speak (making it extremely difficult to hear them even with hearing technology) are a few other examples.
Sometimes, a reasonable accommodation for an employee with a mild to moderate hearing disability—such as the location or position of their desk—could make all the difference. Think of factors such as how sound carries and echoes through a space, for example.
Closed captioning, company communications, and meetings
For employees with a hearing disability, all official company communication such as bulletins, announcements, etc. should have a text version available. Videos should provide closed captioning. Any new employee onboarding or training materials should also provide text versions.
Companies will want to ensure that all their employees can participate fully in meetings, including individuals with hearing disabilities. This includes asking the employees how they would like to participate in the meeting, and also providing written materials, presentations, or agendas whenever possible. (You'll find some examples below, too, on how technology can help during meetings!)
A sign language interpreter or an employee who knows sign language may also be helpful to accommodate employees with hearing loss, in the event they use sign language.
Leverage the power of technology
The benefits that vastly improved accessibility technology have brought to those with hearing loss can't be understated. Many will think of certain technologies right away, such as advanced cochlear implants, sound processors, and modern hearing aids. But what about in the workplace?
The technology features provided by popular companies such as Microsoft and Apple are simply incredible. Here's some great examples of hearing accessibility technologies that companies can use:
Ready to get started?
If you're an employer looking to take the next step to becoming inclusive, remember that there are many ways you can remove barriers for your employees with hearing-related disabilities. Combine this with a true commitment to a diverse workforce and a dedication to hiring persons with disabilities and you're on your way to increasing productivity and equality for all employees.


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Influenza vaccines information center
The importance of vaccination
Patients are at the center of everything we do at Novartis and their health and safety are our primary concerns. Vaccinations are crucial for the prevention of many devastating diseases and contain the spread of seasonal influenza. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza causes 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. As such, we believe seasonal influenza vaccines are a critical contributor to public health.
Novartis welcomes the announcement made today, on November 9, 2012, by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) to lift the temporary halt on the use and distribution of Agrippal and Fluad seasonal influenza vaccines. This follows additional information provided by the company and AIFA's independent assessment, which reaffirm the vaccines' safety and efficacy. Within the European Union (EU), Italy is the regulatory reference country for Agrippal and Fluad. Novartis will continue to work with countries to lift remaining precautionary measures and resume supply as soon as possible. Distribution already resumed in Canada and Switzerland on October 31, 2012, as well as Singapore on November 2, 2012.
Novartis remains confident in the safety and efficacy of its seasonal influenza vaccines Agrippal and Fluad, which are supported by clinical data gathered during 2012-2013 studies required for licensure, as well as safety surveillance data collected to date. For the current season, more than one million people have been vaccinated and no unexpected adverse events have been reported to date.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends annual seasonal influenza vaccination for the elderly, people with chronic medical conditions and other vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, health care workers and those with essential functions in society, as well as children from ages 6 months to 2 years.
|Italy:||1500 (Ministry of|
|Health providing info)|
|France:||33 1 55 49 00 30|
|Germany:||08024 _PHONE_|
|Spain:||900 35 30 36|
|Switzerland:||41 (0) 44 404 86 06|
|UK:||08457 451 500|
|US:||_PHONE_|
According to its public statement, "Health Canada looked at the results of its own testing, conducted a health risk assessment, and reviewed information from its European partners and data submitted by Novartis in making its decision. None of the information reviewed indicated a safety issue."
Swissmedic indicated that it came to a similar determination following additional analyses and clarification provided by Novartis, together with analyses of samples in its own laboratory that confirmed the quality of the vaccines.


Dividing small businesses in divorce can be difficult, complex and of course contentious. This is usually because the business is the family's largest asset, and the parties may have very different views about what it is worth, as well as their respective shares. One party may believe that the business is failing and is only a fraction of its perceived value, whereas the other party may insist that it is a budding enterprise that is worth much more than is being explained. These views can be especially difficult if only one party primarily owns or operates the business, for the other may believe that they are being denied their fair share of the proceeds.
When emotions drive each party's sense of entitlement, costly litigation is a certainty. However, the following tips can help parties properly value a business, determine how it should be divided in divorce and avoid further acrimony over their rightful share.
First and foremost, it is important to understand the difference between a business as "property" as opposed to "income." A business labeled as property (such as a rental property) is subject to Illinois' asset division laws and will be divided as such. A business known for its income (such as a doctor's private practice) will invariably lead to spousal maintenance payments based on the revenue produced by the business. Some businesses may be considered both "property" and "income." In these instances, the two must be separated to avoid double dipping (i.e., dividing the business and then paying maintenance based on the income from it).
Also, finding the valuation method appropriate for your business is critical. The fair market value method assesses a business' worth by determining what it would sell for on the open market. Essentially, a valuation is reached by comparing values of similar businesses or comparable sales. Some businesses are valued through the capitalization of earnings method, which considers the business' prospective rate of return, its history of earnings and the risks involved. Regardless of the method used, the higher the business value, the more each party stands to receive.
Ultimately, dividing a small business can be a very complicated process. An Illinois divorce attorney with a business background can advise you on what method would be appropriate for your business.


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This set of 20 adds variety to your classroom ball collection. These vibrant wool balls offer children opportunity to see the concentric movement of the ball as it rolls or spins. Use with our Discovery or Rubber Ramps Sets, or your own ramps and large tubes. Their interesting texture makes them appealing to the touch. Use them for supporting many math concepts, such as sorting, ordering, classifying, patterning, and counting. Due to the nature of natural dyes colors may vary.
- 20 Rainbow Balls. Ball Diameter 1 inch
Appropriate for ages 3+


How do impact windows work?
Impact windows are made of laminated glass and contain an interlayer that is formed by bonding two pieces of glass together with a plastic film called polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The interlayer is placed between the two layers and then passed through rollers. It is then heated to approximately 158 °F (70 °C), which forms the initial bond. When impact windows are struck by extreme winds and debris, the glass may crack, but the window will not break apart, because it is still being held together by the interlayer.
How do impact windows work? was last modified: April 25th, 2016 by StormGuard
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In this essay i will describe key elements of psychodynamic theory, person-centred theory and cognitive-behavioural theory i will also identify the key differences between the above theories i shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise i will. Identify the key elements of psychodynamic cognitive behavioural and person centred theories of counselling giving consideration to how each theory develops the relationship between client and coun. Key features of the psychodynamic approach are: our behaviour and feelings as adults are rooted in our childhood experiences relationships (particularly parenting) are of primary importance in determining how we feel and behave. Person-centered therapy, elements of good therapy rogers identified six key factors that stimulate growth within an individual.
Extracts from this document introduction write an essay describing the key concepts and the principles of the person centred approach and your understanding of how these principles are applied to the counselling setting. Counselling should empower girls and boys to participate fully in, and most sub-saharan african societies have, in the past, been held together by elements unique. This ethical framework for good practice in counselling and psychotherapy is published by the british association for counselling and psychotherapy, bacp house, 15 st john's business park, lutterworth, leicestershire, le17 4hb. Law and counselling lecture 3 contracts in counselling the court will look at the three key elements to determine if a contract has been form: 2.
Six basic principles form the foundation of acceptance and commitment therapy so a key component of receive australia's most popular electronic counselling. Counselling micro skills chapter 1 - introduction in this course you will briefly consider the core communication skills of counselling: those fundamental. The functions of supervision will have found that all three elements were supervision' in counselling can be seen as a key factor in the spread of non.Careers in counselling training to be a counsellor search for jobs work for bacp. Counselling theory essay skills theories theory essay written introduction in this essay i will describe key elements of psychodynamic theory, person-centred theory and cognitive-behavioural theory. Family systems therapy holds that individual concerns are related to issues within the family of origin elements of good therapy ethics in therapy. Transcript of psychoanalytic group counseling roles of group counselor key concepts sigmund freud goals and the unconscious elements. Being an ethical practitioner of counselling requires us as therapists to take the framework has 6 elements the principles of good practice: self-respect.
The authors of several recent papers have advised that interviews about breaking bad news should include a number of key the essential elements in. Counselling contract all counsellors will work to the british association of counselling and psychotherapy (bacp) code of ethics,. 5 key elements of effective change management these five key elements of successful change management will work if you approach them in order and with good.
The first risk that someone considering counseling can face is a bad therapist you read that correctly, some psychotherapists are just not good. The therapeutic relationship in humanistic therapy it is through the relationship that the therapist provides the three critical elements of therapy: 1). Counseling private practice: key elements for success adrianne frischhertz, phd, lpc-s, crc _PHONE_ [email protected]Download
2018. Education database.


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F. Scott Fitzgerald – Why Is The Great Gatsby Such A Great Book?John Atkinson Books
"The Great Gatsby" is widely regarded as a classic of American literature, and there are several reasons why it is considered such a good book:
Captivating Storytelling: The novel is a well-crafted work of fiction that tells a captivating story about the pursuit of the American Dream, the excesses of the Jazz Age, and the complexities of human relationships. The narrative is filled with twists and turns, and the characters are compelling and memorable.
Poetic Language: F. Scott Fitzgerald's prose is known for its poetic and lyrical quality. The descriptions of people and places in the novel are vivid and evocative, and the language is rich and elegant.
Themes: The Great Gatsby explores important themes such as social class, love, wealth, and power, which are still relevant today. It also presents a commentary on the decadence and corruption of the American Dream in the 1920s.
Symbolism: The novel is rich in symbolism, from the green light at the end of Daisy's dock to the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. The symbols add depth and complexity to the narrative, and allow the reader to interpret the novel in multiple ways.
Overall, "The Great Gatsby" is a well-crafted novel that tells a compelling story with rich characters, poetic language, important themes, and powerful symbolism. It continues to be celebrated as a classic of American literature because it speaks to universal human experiences and emotions.
We currently hold in stock a remarkably fine copy of the first American edition click here to view


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Tibor Gergely was born in Budapest, Hungary, and studied and taught in Vienna before the War. He escaped the Nazis and relocated to New York City in 1939, along with his wife. He became a well known illustrator, creating covers for the New Yorker and illustrating countless Little Golden Books. The subjects of his children's books were often anthropomorphic automobiles, trucks, trains or boats. In his free time, Gergely was a fine artist, sketching and painting the city and small seaport towns in New England. In his own art, he was fascinated by bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge. Perhaps the feeling of being planted with one foot in New York City and the other in his native Europe had something to do with that.
Here are two of Gergely's earliest children's books. On the surface, they appear very simple, but there is a great deal of thought in these compositions. Today, many children's book illustrations are cluttered and packed with details. Gergely was at his core a storyteller, so he keeps the illustrations clear enough that even very young children can follow the story.
Many thanks to Terry and Linda for sharing these books with us.
This posting is part of a series of articles comprising an online exhibit spotlighting Illustration.


Alexis Templeton is the Principal Investigator of the Rock Powered Life NAI team. She leads an interdisciplinary team that intertwines the interests, expertise, and activities of 12 excellent investigators and associated students, postdocs, research scientists, and core collaborators with expertise in microbial biology, ecology, geochemistry, and geophyscis. This team has come together to address the challenging Astrobiological question of defining how, when, and where geological systems power biological processes. The RPL NAI is particularly focused on energy production and consumption within the environmental conditions where rocks and water react at low temperatures, since this is a critical and understudied regime in any efforts to consider the biological potential in the shallow crust of Earth, Mars, and icy satellites such as Europa and Enceladus.


Business Development Bank of Canada - BDC
DEFINITION of 'Business Development Bank of Canada - BDC'
A financial institution that is wholly owned by the government of Canada providing financial and consulting services to small Canadian businesses.
BREAKING DOWN 'Business Development Bank of Canada - BDC'
Although the BDC provides its services to all small business, it focuses on the technology and exporting industries in particular. The BDC's vision as stated on their website is "to make a unique and significant contribution to the success of dynamic and innovative entrepreneurship in Canada."
 1. Investment Bank - IB
 2. Business Model
 3. Private Banking
 Personalized financial and banking services that are traditionally...
 4. Universal Banking
 5. Bank
 6. Retail Banking
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 Oprah Gail Winfrey is an American media magnate, television and film producer, and talk show host with a net worth of roughly $3 billion.
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Downy Birch
Betula pubescens
Downy Birch is a hardy, light demanding, pioneer tree species important in upland woodlands. It is closely related to Silver Birch, but considered to be more suited to wet and upland sites. Birch can be difficult to establish and our cell-grown trees give the best chance of good survival.
Although Birch is mostly used in native woodlands, there has been increasing interest in using Downy and Silver Birch as timber as firewood due to its rapid growth on ground where few other broadleaved trees would grow. This can be a good option and is why Birch is considered to be a good, multi-purpose tree. Given good conditions, Downy Birch grows to 80ft (24m).
Product details
Category Common Name Species Name Height (cm)
Broadleaf Downy Birch Betula pubescens 20-60


What Does The Word Dorsal Mean?
What is the root word for dorsal?
Relating to the back or near the backside of a bodily organ: The dorsal part of the tongue refers to the back of it.
Etymology: from Middle French dorsal, from Late Latin dorsalis, corresponding to Latin dorsualis, "of the back" from dorsum, "back", dors, "back of the body" + -al, "pertaining to, referring to"..
Why is it called a dorsal fin?
Functions. The main purpose of the dorsal fin is to stabilize the animal against rolling and to assist in sudden turns. Some species have further adapted their dorsal fins to other uses. The sunfish uses the dorsal fin (and the anal fin) for propulsion.
What's another word for anterior?
Some common synonyms of anterior are antecedent, foregoing, former, preceding, previous, and prior. While all these words mean "being before," anterior applies to position before or ahead of usually in space, sometimes in time or order.
What is dorsal in human body?
Dorsal cavity As its name implies, it contains organs lying more posterior in the body. The dorsal cavity, again, can be divided into two portions. The upper portion, or the cranial cavity, houses the brain, and the lower portion, or vertebral canal houses the spinal cord.
Is dorsal front or back?
In humans, ventral and anterior, dorsal and posterior are interchangeable because we walk upright, or bipedal. … Anatomists, when considering the human body, refer to the head as superior, toward the feet as inferior, the front of the body as anterior or ventral and the back of the body as posterior or dorsal.
What are the 4 body planes?
The anatomical planes are four imaginary flat surfaces or planes that pass through the body in the anatomical position. They are the median plane, sagittal planes, coronal (frontal) planes and horizontal (transverse) planes (figure 2).
What is difference between ventral and dorsal?
The term ventral refers to the anterior (front) aspect of the embryo, while dorsal refers to the posterior (back).
What is another word for dorsal?
What is another word for dorsal?backposteriorvertebralrearhinderafterhindrearwardhindmostaft16 more rows
What does the word dorsal mean in medical terms?
Medical Definition of dorsal (Entry 1 of 2) 1a : being or located near, on, or toward the upper surface of an animal (as a quadruped) opposite the lower or ventral surface. b : being or located near, on, or toward the back or posterior part of the human body. 2 chiefly British : thoracic.
Where does the word dorsal come from?
Etymology. From Middle English dorsal, dorsale, from Medieval Latin dorsālis ("of or relating to the back").
Where is your dorsal?
The dorsal cavity is at the posterior, or back, of the body, and includes the head and the back of the trunk. It is subdivided into the cranial cavity and spinal cavity.
What is dorsal heart?
In general, Dorsal side means Back side and Ventral side means front side. Means, the back side of heart will be Dorsal and Front side toward our chest will be ventral.
What do you mean by dorsal?
Medical Definition of Dorsal Dorsal: Relating to the back or posterior of a structure. As opposed to the ventral, or front, of the structure. Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand.
What do you mean by dorsal side?
The dorsal (from Latin dorsum 'back') surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. … For example, in a fish, the pectoral fins are dorsal to the anal fin, but ventral to the dorsal fin.
How do you use the word dorsal in a sentence?
Dorsal sentence examplesThe lungs are small and occupy only the dorsal portion of the thoracic cavity. … Tail long, its apical half-clothed on the dorsal surface with long hairs. … These processes stretch across the body cavity to be inserted in the dorsal and ventral middle lines.More items…


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Text Engine Consulting, Inc. has worked for two years with the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST), the world's leading association of security and incident-response teams, to create three core incident-response courses now available for download via the FIRST.Org website under a Creative Commons license. The release of the courses coincides with the release of FIRST's open training platform to host the organization's training content, which allows FIRST members and other interested parties to enroll in self-paced elearning courses on cybersecurity incident response.
The courses for which Text Engine Consulting provided the instructional design are:
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) v3, an elearning course that teaches a standard for communicating the characteristics and severity of software vulnerabilities through examples and simulations.
- FIRST CSIRT Basic Course, which teaches the basics of Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) tasks. The course includes extensive lab practicum sessions.
- FIRST Fusion Course, which gives incident-response professionals methods to analyze and fuse information. The course includes links to data-analyzation tools that allow businesses and organizations to better respond to security threats.
The CVSSv3 course is offered through the FIRST learning platform at:
The latter two courses are now available for download at:
The FIRST press release includes more detailed information at:
These initial courses are part of Text Engine Consulting's renewed focus on corporate cybersecurity training.


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The Feminist Press is seeking a full-time editorial assistant who is passionate and knowledgeable about feminist, mission-driven publishing. The Editorial Assistant is responsible for providing administrative and editorial support to the Senior Editor as well as the Executive Director, involved in all stages of the acquisition, editorial, and book-making processes.
Essential Duties and Responsibilities:
- Copyediting and proofreading manuscripts and contributing to overall publishing strategy.
- Proofreading publicity and marketing materials, grants, and other office collateral.
- Reading, tracking, and reporting on agented and unsolicited submissions.
- Assisting with CIP and copyright tracking and application processes.
- Administrative management: handling mail; organizing and maintaining files; scheduling, photocopying, printing, and emailing.
- Managing and preparing manuscripts in all stages of production.
- Providing foreign rights support, liaising with subagents, rights-fair scheduling, pitching, and creating promotional materials.
- Managing digital production of all titles.
- Generating promotional copy for catalogs, book jackets, and sales-related materials.
- Professionally interacting with authors, production, marketing, and other staff to relay messages and follow up on requests/information.
- Providing support at book launches, book-selling opportunities, and fundraising events.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required:
- Bachelor's degree and a minimum of one year of relevant administrative, publishing, or media experience preferred (internships ok).
- Must be able to work full business hours from FP's New York City office.
- Demonstrated knowledge of and strong interest in intersectional feminism, social justice, literary fiction, activist nonfiction, and feminist children's books.
- Excellent organizational, administrative, verbal, and written communications skills.
- Must develop internal and external rapport with all levels of FP stakeholders. Must be a team player who is capable of handling sensitive, critical information, and is open to receiving feedback and directions.
- Must possess a "can do" attitude. Candidates must be proactive, self-directed, and flexible in a rapidly changing environment.
- Proven ability to multitask, prioritize, and manage time effectively while demonstrating good follow up and follow through.
- Must be detailed oriented and diligent about ensuring that all aspects of their daily activities are handled with accuracy.
- Proficiency in Word, Excel, Acrobat, and Chicago style. InDesign skills are a plus.
- One to two page writing sample required, along with three references.
- You will also be asked to take a copyediting test.
Salary commensurate on experience, ranging from $31,000 to $35,000, and full benefits offered.
How To Apply
Please email your cover letter, resume, writing sample, and references as PDFs to _EMAIL_. Subject line should read: Editorial Assistant – Your Full Name. No phone calls please. Deadline is September 4.
The Feminist Press is an educational nonprofit organization founded to advance women's rights and amplify feminist perspectives. FP publishes classic and new writing from around the world, creates cutting-edge programs, and elevates silenced and marginalized voices in order to support personal transformation and social justice for all people.
The Feminist Press is an equal employment opportunity organization and does not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment on the basis of sex, race, age, creed, ethnicity, disability, marital or parenting status, sexual orientation, or gender identity. We actively seek to maintain a diverse staff.


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Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field with $\operatorname{char}(\mathbb{F})=p>0$.
The derivative of a polynomial $P(x)={\displaystyle \sum\limits _{i=0}^{n}a_{i}x^{i}}\in\mathbb{F}[x]$ is $P'(x)=\sum\limits _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}ix^{i-1}\in\mathbb{F}[x]$.
I wish to prove that for $f\in\mathbb{F}[x]$:$f'=0\implies f(x)=g(x^p)$ where $g(x)\in\mathbb{F}[x]$.
I tried going by this definition of the derivative here but all I got was $p\mid ia_i$ for all $i=1,2,..,n$.
Any ideas?
share|improve this question
What does mean $p | i a_i$? – Lierre Apr 20 '12 at 18:04
The following tangential comment might interest some readers. The error correction process for the Reed-Solomon codes used in CD and DVD players requires evaluation simultaneous evaluation of $\Lambda(x)$ and $x\Lambda^\prime(x)$ at the $255$-th roots of unity in $\mathbb F_{2^8}$ of characteristic $2$, and takes advantage of the fact that $x\Lambda^\prime(x)=\Lambda_1x+\Lambda_3x^3+\Lambda_5x^5+\cdots$ to save a lot of calculation by arranging the computation of $\Lambda(\alpha)$ to produce $\alpha\Lambda^\prime(\alpha)$ as a side result. – Dilip Sarwate Apr 20 '12 at 18:53
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Hint: While technically correct, the notion of divides, i.e. $\mid\;$, is not the best way to phrase things here; instead, since $\operatorname{char}(F)=p$, what you have is $ia_i=0$ for all $i=1,2,\ldots,n$. What does that tell you?
share|improve this answer
$i=0$ or $a_i=0$? – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 18:10
Exactly! :) $\text{}$ But remember, $i$ is not an element of the field $\mathbb F$, but is just a positive integer, so $i=0$ really only tells you that... – Zev Chonoles Apr 20 '12 at 18:11
With this hint I got that:$a_1=0,...a_{p-1}=0,a_{p+1}=0...$ hence $P(x)=a_px^p+a_{2p}x^{2p}+...$ right? :) – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 18:16
Well, I should mention that for any $i\geq0$, either $a_i=0$ or $p\mid i$, or both - so it still might be the case that some of the $a_{np}=0$. – Zev Chonoles Apr 20 '12 at 18:23
Thanks for the hint! by the way, can we say something about $x^p$? it's probably not true but does $x^p=x^0=1$? (why?) – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 18:23
The main point you have to understand here is that the statement $p |ia_i $ doesn't make sense because $p$ is not in $F$ and also there is no reasonable definition of "divisibility" in a field.
The correct thing to say is that $ia_i=\bar i\cdot a_i\in F$, with $\bar i\in \mathbb F_p\subset F$.
Hence if $p$ does not divide $i$ in $\mathbb N$ (where divisibility makes sense!), we have $\bar i\neq 0\in F$ and since $\bar i\cdot a_i=0\in F$ we deduce $a_i=0\in F$.
From this you get $f(x)=g(x^p)$ where $g(y)=\sum_i a_{ip}y^i$.
share|improve this answer
Well, I said that at first too, but $p=\underbrace{1+\cdots+1}_{p\text{ times}}$ still makes sense in $F$, and since $p=0$ in $F$ and $0\mid m$ implies $m=0$ in any ring, $p\mid ia_i$ is still saying that $ia_i=0$ in $F$. But of course, I agree that $\mid$ is not the right thing to use in this situation. – Zev Chonoles Apr 20 '12 at 18:44
Thank you for pointing this out, indeed it sould be written in a different way as you stated. +1 – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 20:00
Zev note is a good point too as there is a reasonable definition for divisibility in any ring really. – Belgi Apr 20 '12 at 20:01
Dear _USER_, if $1\in \mathbb N$ is the usual Peano integer and if $p=1+...+1\in \mathbb N$ then, no, $p=1+1+...+1$ is not in $F$ because $\mathbb N$ is in no sense included in $F$: for example $F$ might be finite and $\mathbb N$ is infinite. On the other hand it is true that $\bar p=p*1_F=1_F+...+1_F=0_F\in F$ where I have denoted by $*$ the scalar multiplication of an element of $\mathbb Z$ with an element of the $\mathbb Z$-algebra $F$. The sentence you use "p=0 in F" is an abuse of language short-circuiting these precise notations. (To be continued) – Georges Elencwajg Apr 20 '12 at 20:32
(Continued) This is perfectly admissible for people, like you, who know exactly what they mean but beginners should be absolutely precise when confronted with these subtle concepts for the first time. – Georges Elencwajg Apr 20 '12 at 20:33
Your Answer


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ignore such records. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
- Retrieve the next record (key and value) from a cursor. Note that records are not guaranteed to be returned in any particular order. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
- Retrieve the next several keys and values from a cursor. Up to maxnum keys and values will be stored in the arrays pointed to by the keys and vals arguments. Returns the number of records retrieved. On failure, returns -1 and sets errno.
- Returns true if the cursor has reached the end of the quota store.
- Resets a cursor to point to the beginning of the quota store, allowing another pass over the data.
- For old-style quota v1 implementations, this function enables quotas for the specified ID type. To ensure that the quota files are consistent with the file system state, quotacheck(8) must have been run beforehand. As described above, the file system volume must be listed in fstab(5) and the corresponding old-style mount option, userquota or groupquota, must be set therein. The path name for the quota file is retrieved from fstab(5) and passed to the kernel. This function will fail if used on newer quota implementations with in-file-system quotas.
- For old-style quotas, this function disables quotas for the specified ID type. This function will fail if used on newer quota implementations with in-file-system quotas.
- A convenience function for initializing a struct quotaval instance to the default empty state.
ERRORSError conditions include:
- An inconsistency was detected during quotacursor_get() or quotacursor_getn(). The application should discard information collected so far and use quotacursor_rewind() to start the iteration over.
- The quota information requested from quota_get() does not exist.
- The path passed to quota_open() was on a volume whose quota support is not enabled.
- The path passed to quota_open() was on a volume that has no quota support. Or, the iterator functions, quota_put(), or other unsupported operations were attempted on an NFS volume, or on some other volume type that does not support the full semantic range of quota information.
SEE ALSOquota(1), edquota(8), mount_ffs(8), mount_nfs(8), quotacheck(8), quotaon(8), repquota(8), rpc.rquotad(8)
HISTORYThe libquota library first appeared in NetBSD 6.0.
AUTHORSThe libquota library was written by.
|February 13, 2012||NetBSD 7.0|


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Given a binary tree, Find the Maximum Path Sum between Any Two Leaves
Objective: Given a binary tree, Find the maximum path sum from one leaf node to another.
Input: A binary tree.
- Now we will calculate the max path sum between two leaves node
- So our max path will be either on the left sub tree OR
- Our max path will be either on the right sub tree OR
- Our max path will have some part in left and some part in right and passes through through the root
- Take a variable say, "maxSoFar=0" this will our final result.
- Do postOrder traversal, This will give you result from left and right subtree
- Now at each node calcuate sumCurrent =Max of (result of leftSubtree,result of RightSubtree, result of leftSubtree+result of RightSubtree + Root data)
- if(maxSoFar


Am I Evil Because of the Darkness? Vitamin D Explains The Hobbit
A medical journal's scientific analysis of diet, sunlight exposure, and of the role of vitamin D in fantasy characters is excellent.
"Systematic textual analysis of The Hobbit supports our initial hypothesis that the triumph of good over evil may be assisted to some extent by the poor diet and lack of sunlight experienced by the evil characters," write Dr. Nicholas Hopkinson of Imperial College London and his 15-year-old son Joseph Hopkinson in the current Medical Journal of Australia. They take advantage of the special Christmas edition of the journal to posit a physiologic contributor to a timeless duality at the core of fiction (and life), and why good characters tend to win:
A striking feature of fantasy literature has been the consistent victory of good characters over bad. While the consensus has been to attribute this to narrative conventions about morality and the necessary happiness of endings, we hypothesized that a major contribution to the defeat of evildoers in this context is their aversion to sunlight and their poor diet, which may lead to vitamin D deficiency and hence reduced martial prowess.
Their analysis is also an opportunity to remember that evil people in your life may just have a garden-variety vitamin deficiency or hormonal imbalance. You don't have to be afraid of them. Are they evil because they live in a dark cave, or do they live in a dark cave because they are evil? Does it matter? Assume the best and offer a fish. If you get eaten, you get eaten.


What is iLearn?
iLearn is SFSU's learning management system, where instructors can organize their courses and materials and students can efficiently interact with resources and participate in classes. iLearn is built on the Moodle platform with some local customizations to fit University guidelines and user requests. Moodle is an open-source learning management system that allows schools and other users to create personalized learning environments.
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higher is better. If the images significantly differ you'll get much lower ones like 15 and so. This similarity check is easy and fast to calculate, however in practice it may turn out somewhat inconsistent with human eye perception. The **structural similarity** algorithm aims to correct this. Describing the methods goes well beyond the purpose of this tutorial. For that I invite you to read the article introducing it. Nevertheless, you can get a good image of it by looking at the OpenCV implementation below... seealso:: SSIM is described more in-depth in the: "Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh and E. P. Simoncelli, "Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 600-612, Apr. 2004." article... code-block:: cpp Scalar getMSSIM( const Mat& i1, const Mat& i2) { const double C1 = 6.5025, C2 = 58.5225; /***************************** INITS **********************************/ int d = CV_32F; Mat I1, I2; i1.convertTo(I1, d); // cannot calculate on one byte large values i2.convertTo(I2, d); Mat I2_2 = I2.mul(I2); // I2^2 Mat I1_2 = I1.mul(I1); // I1^2 Mat I1_I2 = I1.mul(I2); // I1 * I2 /***********************PRELIMINARY COMPUTING ******************************/ Mat mu1, mu2; // GaussianBlur(I1, mu1, Size(11, 11), 1.5); GaussianBlur(I2, mu2, Size(11, 11), 1.5); Mat mu1_2 = mu1.mul(mu1); Mat mu2_2 = mu2.mul(mu2); Mat mu1_mu2 = mu1.mul(mu2); Mat sigma1_2, sigma2_2, sigma12; GaussianBlur(I1_2, sigma1_2, Size(11, 11), 1.5); sigma1_2 -= mu1_2; GaussianBlur(I2_2, sigma2_2, Size(11, 11), 1.5); sigma2_2 -= mu2_2; GaussianBlur(I1_I2, sigma12, Size(11, 11), 1.5); sigma12 -= mu1_mu2; ///////////////////////////////// FORMULA //////////////////////////////// Mat t1, t2, t3; t1 = 2 * mu1_mu2 + C1; t2 = 2 * sigma12 + C2; t3 = t1.mul(t2); // t3 = ((2*mu1_mu2 + C1).*(2*sigma12 + C2)) t1 = mu1_2 + mu2_2 + C1; t2 = sigma1_2 + sigma2_2 + C2; t1 = t1.mul(t2); // t1 =((mu1_2 + mu2_2 + C1).*(sigma1_2 + sigma2_2 + C2)) Mat ssim_map; divide(t3, t1, ssim_map); // ssim_map = t3./t1; Scalar mssim = mean( ssim_map ); // mssim = average of ssim map return mssim; } This will return a similarity index for each channel of the image. This value is between zero and one, where one corresponds to perfect fit. Unfortunately, the many Gaussian blurring is quite costly, so while the PSNR may work in a real time like environment (24 frame per second) this will take significantly more than to accomplish similar performance results. Therefore, the source code presented at the start of the tutorial will perform the PSNR measurement for each frame, and the SSIM only for the frames where the PSNR falls below an input value. For visualization purpose we show both images in an OpenCV window and print the PSNR and MSSIM values to the console. Expect to see something like:.. image:: images/outputVideoInput.png :alt: A sample output :align: center You may observe a runtime instance of this on the 'YouTube here '_... raw:: html


text:
In this guide, the focus will be on the entire process of building your own private blog network from scratch, how to go about upgrades, and using your existing network to end up with the desired results.
The introduction of this guide will shed some light on some primary definitions for newbies while advanced users will be able to read in-depth guides for each topic.
Additionally, to avoid confusion, obsolete tactics such as hosting on Cloudflare will not be explored. Instead, only the current and up-to-date strategies will be looked into.
Given how dynamic the SEO world is, it is a no-brainer that there is a myriad of changes every so often. In this light, we will ensure periodical updates of this guide across our platforms.
To get the best out of this guide, make sure that you go through all the chapters and read them keenly. In case of any queries or need for assistance to implement what has already learned here, feel free to reach us through our channels or comment section at the end.
This guide is broken down as follows:
- PBN Definition
- How a PBN Works
- Risks Involved
- Why PBNs Still Work
- Chapter 1: Planning your PBN
- Chapter 2: How to get PBN Domains
- Chapter 3: PBN Hosting
- Chapter 4: How to Set up your PBN
- Chapter 5: PBN Best Practices
- Chapter 6: Keeping off Footprints and Securing Your PBN
- Chapter 7: How to Generate Traffic to your PBN
A Private Blog Network (PBN) is defined as a group of sites that are owned and maintained either by an individual or group and are used as a source of backlinks to a money site for the purpose of raising ranking on search engines.
From the above diagram, it is important to note that the Money site is the main website that needs to be ranked for keywords in order to make profits.
How a PBN works
PBNs come with authority that existed before they were acquired, this applies to both expired and auction domains. This is through the passage of contextual links from the body's content, which raises the authority of your domain across your main site.
Any sort of link-building contravenes Google's guidelines. However, the pros supersede any form of risk involved. Where it is well-executed, it will exponentially reduce all risks making your investment worthwhile.
Why PBNs still work
With each Google update, numerous people raise concerns about their websites getting deindexed even though, according to them, they had done everything right. Such complaints have led many to lose faith in PBNs.
Contrary to this, backlinks are essential for ranking after good On-Page SEO. In fact, they are a show of trust on Google. For instance, where leading sites link to you, it shows that your site has invaluable content.
As long as Google does not disregard links as a ranking signal, PBNs will always work.
Every so often, major Google algorithm updates hit the SEO world and to guarantee survival during such updates, it becomes prudent to ensure the safety of your network on all fronts.
Also, beware of certain security issues when building or maintaining a PBN
Chapter 1: Planning Your PBN
The first step to successfully determining the number of links one needs to rank for a certain niche is by first understanding the competition; whether they are using a blog network, are an authority in the niche, and the referring domains they have.
The next step entails making a spreadsheet with all the information which shows precisely how many sites need to be built in order to rank.
Under this chapter, the following is explored:
- Determining the number of links required to rank
- The cost incurred in build a good network
- Clustering sites and ensuring their safety.
- Niche relevancy and if it matters
Chapter 2: How to get PBN Domains
The importance of domains cannot be underestimated. Domains form the base of any network and it is important to make backlinks and spam checks with the seriousness they deserve as these determine the success or failure of one's effort in making the PBNs.
Here, the following are covered:
- PBN domains
- Metrics (Trust Flow, DA, RD among others)
- Spam checks
- Domain age and its importance
- Backlink types and checks
- Expired, backorder and auction domains
Furthermore, there will be further discussion on ways to find PBN domains that are clean and can be added to your network.
Chapter 3: PBN Hosting
While hosting is the most integral element when building a proper PBN, it is unfortunate that many people go wrong in this area.
A majority of people spend a lot to acquire expensive domains but host them on cheap hosts which eventually leads to the loss of the whole network. To avoid such a scenario, it is important to avoid SEO hosting which leaves numerous footprints.
Hereunder, this chapter explores,
- Hosting Options to avoid
- Self-managed Cloud Server Setup
- Easy Blog Networks
- Premium cPanel Hosting for PBN
The in and out of PBN hosting will be covered under the 3 ways/methods that are up-to-date.
Chapter 4: How to Set Up Your PBN
The present times dictate that you need to add value to the users so as to remain indexed and benefit the sites you are ranking to with your PBN. That goes beyond owning a basic WordPress theme populated with spun text.
This chapter will cover the following:
- Wayback Restore vs WordPress
- Must-have Plugins
- Website Design, Structure, and Layout
- How to Restore Inner Pagesfor Topical Relevance
- WordPress Design
- Content Strategy
- Social Profiles Strategy
This is where you will learn how to make your network profitable, generate traffic and how to structure your PBNs to pass manual reviews
Chapter 5: Best PBN Practices
Building a great PBN is great but knowing how to use it is the best way to guarantee positive results. This chapter will go over the following;
- How to link out to your money site
- Guidelines on Anchor text
- Testing PBN sites for positive results
- Using LSI keywords
The aforementioned strategies ensure the safety of your PBN and lead to positive results each time.
Chapter 6: Avoiding Footprints and Securing Your PBN
This chapter offers a complete checklist of 43 major PBN footprints and sheds light on how to solve them hence protect your network. In addition, this chapter covers the following items
- Setup, Plugin, and Back-end
- Linking out and Content
- General and Misc and Footprints
Chapter 7: How to Generate Traffic to your PBN
This chapter highlights methods of generating initial PBN and traffic for your websites to increase performance three times over. It also shows how to bridge the gap between a PBN and an excellent website.
- Use Long-Tail Keywords
- Harness The Potential Of Facebook
- Participate in Question & Answer Sites
Serp Focus– Premium links and SEO content
Lion Zeal – Marketing Resource and PBN Services


Survival Tip of the WeekTrash that Saves
Littering is illegal and harmful to the environment; that being said, some items often seen as litter can be used as tools in an emergency.
A few items that you may come across when on trails are glass bottles, aluminum cans, plastic water bottles and plastic bags. All of these items are trash that just may save your life.
The glass bottle has two possible purposes. The first is a water carrying device. It's important not to try and boil water in it though; doing so could break the bottle, causing possible injury and dumping water all over your fire. A bottle can also be used as a cutting device. The edge of a broken bottle is very sharp and can be used to cut cordage and other materials.
Aluminum cans have the same uses as bottles: they can carry water and be used to cut materials. Cans have a few bonus features as well: an aluminum can can be used to boil water in. When polished with a shirt it can also act as a signaling mirror.
Plastic bags have a few uses. Of course you can use it in the way it was designed and carry stuff in it. You can also use it to keep clothing dry in a storm or tie it to a stick and use it as a flag for signaling rescue crews.
The next time you go on a trip, pick up trash you come across on your journey. Not only does it clean up the environment and make it better for everyone else but it can also give you the tools you need in a survival situation.
Story By
Mitchell Quartz
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Power System Stability and Control
Üye Girişi yapın, temin süresi ve fiyatını size bildirelim.
Üye Girişi yapın, sizi bu ürün stoklarımıza girdiğinde bilgilendirelim.
Temin süremiz 65 - 45 iş günü
Yayıncı McGraw-Hill Professional ( 03 / 1994 ) ISBN 9780070359581 | Ciltli | Büyük boy | 20,19x23,39x6,6 cm. | İngilizce | 1176 Sayfa | Türler Makine
Voltage stability is a major concern in the planning and operation of electric power systems. This is the first book to provide a clear, in-depth explanation of voltage stability, covering both transient and longer-term phenomena and presenting proven solution to instability problems. An essential tool for all electric power and utility engineers, the book describes equipment characteristics for transmission, generation, and distribution/load subsystems of a power system, together with methods for the modeling of equipment. Readers will find static and dynamic computer simulation examples for both small equivalent power systems and for a very large power system, plus an account of voltage stability associated with HVDC links. They will also get helpful planning and operating guidelines, computer methods for power flow and dynamic simulation, and descriptions of actual voltage instability incidents.


exams
 3. Unstable child, positive FAST Exam or positive decision rule
 1. Consult surgery
 2. Consider CT Abdomen and Pelvis
 2. Penetrating Trauma (<10% of cases)
 1. Unstable patients
 1. Emergent exploratory laparotomy
 2. Stable patients
 1. Carefully explore local wounds for peritoneal perforation
 2. Consider Abdominal CT with IV contrast
 3. Consider selective laparoscopy of penetrating wounds
 12. Disposition: Indications for discharge
 1. Benign exam with reassuring evaluation (labs, decision rules) or
 2. Definitive testing (e.g. CT Abdomen) negative and serial exams, Vital Signs reassuring or
 3. Observation for 4 hours with reassuring serial examinations (and possibly serial labs)
 1. Observation duration is not evidence based
 13. References
 1. Kupperman and Claudius in Majoewsky (2013) EM:Rap 13(7): 1-2
 2. Olympia and Huyler (2017) Crit Dec Emerg Med 31(2): 19-25
 3. Park (2015) Crit Dec Emerg Med 29(8): 2-8
 4. Holmes (2002) Ann Emerg Med 39(5): 500-9 [PubMed]
Navigation Tree


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assessment.
Assessment of intraoral suture lines is best accomplished using a flashlight to inspect the tissues and identify flap dehiscence, crust formation, poor oral hygiene, and pooling of secretions. Intraoral wound care is administered using oral irrigations and mouth rinses, which keep the operative area free of debris, stimulate blood supply, aid in the formation of granulation tissue, and promote a comfortable, functional oral cavity.
If the patient has good oral competence, a mouth rinse or swish may be used. Patients who have excessive crusting or thickened saliva benefit from the mechanical action provided by an oral irrigation solution or irrigation device (eg, Water Pik). The most effective irrigating solutions are combinations of normal saline, hydrogen peroxide, and soda bicarbonate. Commercial mouthwashes containing alcohol should be avoided because of their drying and irritating effects on the oral tissues. Unless contraindicated, a Yankauer oral suction tip is a useful aid for the patient who is unable to control saliva. However, patients should be encouraged to swallow the saliva as healing occurs.


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Extensive material library that cover the most International Codes
- Non-linear and time dependent material properties editable by the user to carry out construction sequence analysis.
- Stress-Strain user definition curves Visualization of time-dependent material properties.
- Concrete material library.
- Structural steel material library.
- Reinforced steel material library.
- Prestressed concrete material library.
- User-defined material library: easier and faster material model definition.
- Soils and rock materials.
- Utilities for concrete modeling: interface for SOLID65 element and SOLID65 properties generator.
Steel material properties according to codes:
- Eurocode No 3 (European), AISC-LRFD (USA), EAE and CTE (Spanish), British Standard 5950
- Prestressing steel material properties according to codes: EHE (Spanish), British Standard 5896, ASTMA 416, JISG 3536, EN 10138
Concrete material properties according to codes:
- Eurocode No 2 (European), ACI 318 (American), EHE (Spanish), CEB-FIP (Model Code), British Standard 8110, AS3600 (Australian), GB-50010/ GB-50017(Chinese), SP 52101, IS 456.
Codes and Standards:
- Brazilian Code NBR6118
- Indian Standard 456
- Russian Cp 52/101/03
- AASHTO code (Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges)
- CALTRANS Seismic Design Criteria
- French code PS 92
- Greek code EAK 2000
- Indian code IS 1856
- Uniform Building Code


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Tool Care and Sharpening Instructions
To Sharpen a Garden Hoe
- Position the tool with the blade pointed up.
- File the outside edge only of the blade to a sharp angle (as shown) using the coarse side of the file.
- Using the mild side of the sharpener file, lightly remove any nicks or burrs from the inside edge of the blade keeping the file fairly flat and parallel to the blade.
- Finish off the outside edge of the blade with the mild side of the sharpening file to an even, sharp edge.
- Clean soil from the handle after each use.
- Check the wedge occasionally during use and tap back into place if needed.
- Once or twice a year, re-oil the handle using a penetrating wood oil finish like Tung Oil or Danish Oil.
- Clean soil off the blade after each use.
- Keep the blade sharp using the Farmer's Own File.
- Before storing for winter, oil the blade to prevent rust.


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IELTS ESSAY: POVERTY AND CRIME
IELTS ESSAY: POVERTY AND CRIME
Discuss the relationshop between poverty and crime
IELTS Essay 1
Different statistical researches show the correlation between crime rate and poverty. First of all, the level of crime is related to unemployment in all countries. Although, if we study the question further, we can realise, that the relationship is quite superficial.
From my point of view, increasing poverty sometimes does lead to soaring crime rate. We know, that is some cases people are able to commit a crime. For instance, poverty may lead to thefts in stores and shops. In addition to these minor offences, poor people may commit burglaries and even robbery. It depends on individual character and circumstances of life. Furthermore, poverty makes people tired of their being so that they can perform violence and even become a murderer in the families. Certainly, the main reason for such crimes is alcohol.
Although, we can better study the issue, if explore it in different societies. In other words, we know a lot of ascetics, who live in caves alone and no crime comes near them. After that, such crimes, as murder and theft, are well-known to rich people as well as to poor. The temptation of money and independance they give may lead to a horror crime. It seems to me, that noone locks the door in India, though there are lots of poor people there. And, of course, we should mention the great role of police and justice in limiting the crime rate.
Generally, I think, there is no direct relationship between crime level and money. If the system of legal enforcement can provide the correct punishment for the most crimes, the crime rate will be low, due to poor and rich both obey the laws. This means, that the main problem is of justice, not of wealth.
IELTS Essay 2
There is no doubt that poverty and crime have some connection. The positive correlation between unemployment and the crime rate in many countries could be taken as evidence for this. Though, if we investigate this question further, we may find this kind of statistical phenomenon both superficial and misleading.
It is true that, under certain conditions, poverty induces crime. Many people in the world are able to perform crime in order to gain some money for families and themselves. Sometimes poor people do not see another way except theft or robbery to make money. However, there are thousands legal ways to live wealthy life. For example, many cities have a big deal of employment opportunities. Even though, there are not many options for work for some reason, everyone is able to move to the nearby city and try to find suitable occupation. It is certainly true that all those options are not as easy to realize as they seem to be, so it needs some effort to be made.
The issue could be even better clarified by making comparison between nations. The rate of crime has strong correlation with the policy of the country. If the country has strict law for different kinds of crime it may has lower level of illegality. For instance, such countries as the UAE and Australia have very strict law, for that reason these countries are rated as ones of the safest countries in the world. On the other hand, countries like Russia or Ukraine have an immense amount of corruption, because of the imperfect law system.
In short, there is no direct relationship between poverty and crime. So long as the system of legal enforcement and prosecution can enforce justice, social conditions are kept in order, and the government's authority is obeyed by the rich and the poor alike, crime will be limited in both rich and poor areas as well as in both developed and developing countries.
Заявка на бесплатный вводный урок английского языка
Чтобы вы смогли убедиться в эффективности моей подготовки к IELTS по скайпу, я провожу бесплатный 20 минутный вводный урок. На занятии мы проводим диагностику вашего текущего уровня и обсуждаем интересующие вас вопросы касательно занятий по скайпу.


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[antlr-interest] What do. (period) and Tokens mean in tree grammars?
Harald M. Müller
harald_m_mueller at gmx.de
Sat Dec 29 14:16:13 PST 2007
Sorry that I ask - but I did not find it on the Wiki and not in the ANTLR
book: What do. and Tokens mean in tree grammars?
AFAIK,. means "any complete subtree." - although this seems not to work in
some current builds, if I understood some email of yesterday correctly?
Question number two:
Does a single Token also match a complete tree with this token at the root,
or only a "childless tree" (i.e. the token as a tree node alone)?
Question number three:
What sort of lookahead is used over.? For example, would the following
work - assume here that the subtrees can be arbitrarily large subconditions
(as is usual in expression trees):
condition : ^(AND. ^(NOT.)) ->...rewrite1...
| ^(AND..) ->...rewrite2...
The intention of this is to rewrite an AND tree which has as second child a
tree with a NOT root to rewrite1; whereas all other trees are supposed to be
rewritten as rewrite2.
If ANTLR tree parsing works the way I assume it - namely the whole tree is
flattened to a node sequence, on which "one-dimensional" parsing techniques
(even LL(*)) are applied, then the NOT will be "too far" away even for an
LL(*) analysis, because there will be recursively nested expressions on the
way between the AND and the NOT. However, if ANTLR goes for real
"two-dimensional" parsing, or does some lookahead over arbitrarily large
subtrees (to the readily available "later" children!) - which I would call
"1.5-dimensional lookahead computation/parsing", then the above two patterns
could be disambiguated.
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More information about the antlr-interest


Geology and Minerals
Geology and Minerals
The various minerals, clays, pigments, and other natural geological elements in the region play a large role in traditional Kumeyaay culture and cosmology. In the story of Chaup, the two sisters painted two new born boys (both named Cuy-a-ho-marr) with red pigment derived from clay that could be found near a bathing pool. When the boys grew older they procured white clay from the east and black clay from the west—the signs of sorrow and mourning. Mica mixed with thick black mescal juice was used a face paint on keruk images for the death ceremonies (DuBois 1905:626). In this sense clays and pigments are not seen as just physical elements—they are part of a deeper understanding of the earth and the land. This is reflected in the fact that the Kumeyaay word for land/earth and for the human body is the same: Mat/'Emat.
Quartz and quartz crystals are believed to possess special powers and if mishandled or disrespected can cause injury or death to its owner. Some arrowpoints made from quartz were known to have the ability to find the prey being sought while others might be placed in the corners of a dwelling (ewhaa) to ensure peace and tranquility. Some spiritual leaders or kuesaay might possess small pebbles or "power pebbles" that were carefully guarded. It is thought that these stones contained their own spirit, their own power and in some cases might wander away from their owner.
One of the most prized minerals from the region and from the Channel Islands is soapstone also known as steatite. This soft rock was quarried from Stonewall Peak and also from a place at Los Conejos and used to manufacture arrow shaft straighteners, beads, sucking/healing tubes, smoking pipes, heating stones, and amulets. One possible Kumeyaay word for this easily carved and shaped stone is teaxon or teaxon. According to one early account, ground up teaxon could be used to ensure success in running races (JPH:1923). Sucking/healing tubes from steatite were prized by kuesaay and are believed to have fantastic power. The location and use of such tubes was closely guarded to ensure that sickness and even death did not come to the uninitiated or unaware.
Clay is commonly thought of as the basis for Kumeyaay ceramic objects such as cooking vessels, water canteens, plates, effigies, and smoking pipes. But white and gray clay from certain sources provided face and body paints for important ceremonies. Harrington reported that well into the twentieth century Kumeyaay from the Warner's Ranch area (Tahwi and San Ysidro) would stop at Mataguay Creek to obtain special clay. While there they would adorn themselves and appear at San Ysabel ceremonies fully painted (Harrington 1925).
Obsidian, the glassy black or red volcanic rock used to fabricate arrowpoints, wands, amulets, and knives occurs throughout California and Baja California. The most common source for obsidian is Obsidian Butte along the shore of present-day Salton Sea. Geographically exotic sources of obsidian include Cosa Hot Springs hundreds of miles to the north and San Felipe in Baja California.


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【本期主题】Rainy Day Liquidity
Insurance companies collectively hold nearly one-third of corporate bonds, making it critical to understand their roles in the corporate bond market: liquidity providers or consumers? In this study, we coin a new term "rainy day liquidity providers" for the potential role of insurance companies – with cash flow from core business activities, insurers may provide liquidity to the sell side in times of market stress. Our empirical findings present strong support to rainy day liquidity provision hypothesis. First, based on widely used bond liquidity measures, we find that, on average, insurer corporate bond purchases improve bond liquidity while it is not the case for insurer bond sales. Second, breaking the sample down into bonds of different rating groups, maturity groups, crisis and non-crisis periods, we show that liquidity provision by insurers is much stronger in stressful conditions. Finally, we present evidence that rainy day liquidity provision effect goes beyond bonds purchased by insurers – the liquidity of bonds with similar characteristics to the purchased (sold) bonds also increases during stressful periods.
【报告人】Tong Yu 教授， University of Cincinnati
Tong Yu is a Professor of Finance in the Lindner School of Business at the University of Cincinnati. His research and teaching have been focused on asset pricing, financial risk management, insurance, and behavior of institutional investors. He published academic journals such as the Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Journal of Banking and Finance, and Journal of Risk and Insurance, and practitioner journals including the Financial Analyst Journal and Journal of Insurance Regulations. Dr. Yu received the Early Career Scholarly Achievement Award from the American Risk and Insurance Association in 2011. Before joining UC, he was a professor of finance at the University of Rhode Island.


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the variable will indicate a downward trend in the Price VAM. In this example, there are no inversely correlated variables.
Finally, causality is the last criterion in the analysis and selection of important variables in price, sales or demand forecasts. Causality, unlike correlation, allows establishing a cause-effect relationship between a group of variables and indicators and the items of interest. Based on the forecasts, Datup determines which are the variables whose behaviours are the cause of upward or downward changes in the target items. For example, it is observed that VAM price forecasts are mostly caused by the Methanol China Index (0.5), New Orleans Temperature (0.39), Acetic Acid Index (0.35), Qingdao Temperature (0.31), US Price Ethanol (0.31). Once again, it is important to pay attention to those variables common to impact, correlation and causality analysis, as they form the set of key indicators to be taken into account by analysts for their operational and strategic decisions. Here, Price Ethanol is identified in both impact and causality analysis. Even more relevant, the Acetic Acid Index is the common denominator in all 3 significance analyses.
Thus, the key indicators in order of importance to guide Price Vynil Acetate Monomer (VAM) purchasing strategies, following the criteria of impact, causality and correlation are:
Acetic Acid Index
Acetic Acid RMB
US Ethanol Price
US Existing Home Sales
Methanol China Index
New Orleans Temperature
Finally, it should be noted that each new daily, weekly or monthly forecast involves the estimation of high-impact variables and indicators, causalities and correlations, based on changes observed in the most recently collected data. Datup automatically and continuously identifies and presents to analysts the top-n of key indicators to be taken into account for the best decision making in trading, purchasing, production or distribution.
Advanced Use Case: Scenario Simulation
This use case guides decision making for:
Simulate the behaviour of items of interest, based on the increase, maintenance or decrease in the values of specific variables and indicators.
Taking the identified high impact, causal and/or correlated indicators identified by Datup's importance analysis as a starting point, it is possible to forecast the quantity or price of an item of interest in future periods. Unlike the forecasts of the first part, the simulation not only considers historical data, but also builds various scenarios from the key indicators to generate the forecasts of the items of interest; covering increases of 10% and 30%, drops of -10% and -30% or the permanence of the current value. In addition to the indicators postulated by the impotance analysis, analysts can include additional variables to simulate.
In the example use case, Price Vynil Acetate Monomer (VAM) is the item of interest, the key indicators to simulate are: Acetic Acid RMB, US Ethanol Price, US Existing Home Sales. In addition, the supporting indicators Dollar TRM and WTI Crude USD are included in the simulation.
The results show the simulation of 5 scenarios that can be presented by the Acetic Acid RMB in the short-term forecasts, which correspond to increases of 10% ($9,995) and 30% ($11,765), falls of -10% ($8,145) and -30% ($6,335) and the current price ($9,050) remaining unchanged. For each scenario, Datup forecasts the Price VAM most likely in the column
Pronóstico VAMaccompanied by the ceiling price
Pronóstico VAM Sup and floor
Pronóstico VAM Inf where it can be located, depending on the uncertainties observed in its history. For example, if the Acetic Acid RMB increases its current price by 10% to reach $9,995, the Price VAM will stand at $2,309, with a ceiling at $2,337 and a floor at $2,282.
Now, taking the TRM dollar as one of the variables to be simulated, we consider the scenario where the exchange rate falls by 10% to $3,460. In this way, the Price VAM will be $2,246, with a ceiling at $2,284 and a floor at $2,213.


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Major Section: REAL
(Standard-numberp x) is true if and only if
x is a ''standard''
number. This notion of ''standard'' comes from non-standard analysis
and is discussed in Ruben Gamboa's dissertation. In brief, all the
familiar real numbers are standard, but non-zero infinitesimals are
not standard, nor are numbers that exceed every integer that you can
express in the usual way (1, 2, 3, and so on). The set of standard
numbers is closed under the usual arithmetic operations, hence the
sum of a standard number and a non-zero infinitesimal is not
standard, though it is what is called ''limited''
This predicate is only defined in ACL2(r) (see real).


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Educator Resources for Treefrog Treasure
Treefrog Treasure is a platformer game that allows students to practice math concepts as they explore different worlds as a frog character. When certain obstacles are reached, students must properly identify a target symbol, whole number, or fraction on a number line to collect gems and complete the level. Hints are provided to help students reach the correct answer when mistakes are made. The game is a great differentiation tools, as it automatically adjusts to students' performance to provide appropriate levels of mathematical complexity.
For teacher resources, visit Space Science Institute
In this lesson plan which is adaptable for grades 2-5, students will use BrainPOP resources and an online math game to explore fractions and match and/or compare fractional amounts.
Common Core State Standard Alignment:
CCSS.Math.Cont.3.NF.A.2a Represent a fraction 1/b on a number line diagram by defining the interval from 0 to 1 as the whole and partitioning it into b equal parts. Recognize that each part has size 1/b and that the endpoint of the part based at 0 locates the number 1/b on the number line.
CCSS.Math.Cont.3.NF.A.2b Represent a fraction a/b on a number line diagram by marking off a lengths 1/b from 0. Recognize that the resulting interval has size a/b and that its endpoint locates the number a/b on the number line.


TY - JOUR AU - Lawrence,Robert Z. AU - Evans,Carolyn L. TI - Trade and Wages: Insights from the Crystal Ball JF - National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series VL - No. 5633 PY - 1996 Y2 - June 1996 DO - 10.3386/w5633 UR - _URL_ L1 - _URL_ N1 - Author contact info: Robert Z. Lawrence JFK School of Government 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Tel: 617/_PHONE_ Fax: 617/_PHONE_ E-Mail: _EMAIL_ AB - This study uses both a net factor content analysis and a small simulation model to explore the impact on the U.S. labor market of a fivefold increase in imports of manufactured goods from developing countries. The simulation, which is parameterized by the US economy in 1990, involves a balanced trade expansion which displaces almost half of US manufacturing workers who are reemployed in the remaining manufacturing and non-trade sectors. The results show that relative wages of workers with a high school education or less would be depressed, while those with some college education would rise. However, despite the magnitude of the shock, the effects are surprisingly small. Once account is taken of productivity increases, labor force growth and export sector wage premiums, given unitary elasticities of demand and of substitution between workers with different levels of education, relative wages of workers with some college education rise by 3.5 percent, while the real wages of workers with a high school education or less decline by 1.3 percent. The impact of a variety of parameter assumptions is also explored. ER -