text:
House Spiders (Tegenaria species)
There are five species of 'House Spider' - the big hairy ones that come out at night and occasionally end up in the bath. These large, long-legged, brown spiders produce a sheet web that leads to a tubular retreat.
- Tegeneria domestica (Common House Spider), body size up to 10mm
- Tegenaria atrica body size up to 18mm
- Tegeneria gigantea (Cobweb Spider), body size up to 18mm
- Tegeneria parietina (Cardinal Spider), body size up to 20mm
- Tegeneria saeva, body size up to 18mm
Closely related to these is T. agrestis, with a body size up to 15mm, which is found on waste ground and open grassland.
Tegenaria domestica is the smallest of the four and is found throughout Britain. Although virtually reliant on people's houses, this species can be found in cave entrances and inside hollow trees. Like the other Tegenaria species, they spin a sheet web that leads to a tubular retreat, in a corner if a room or behind a piece of furniture. Strands of silk extend beyond the main platform of the web forming a tangle of lines. Females hang their dirty-white egg sacs from ledges using a few strands of silk.
Tegenaria gigantea (= T. duellica) produces a quite small web. It occurs in houses and out-buildings as well as outside. This species is more commonly found in southern England where it can be found in crevices, under stones and logs, and holes in banks.
Tegenaria saeva is the northern and western British equivalent of Tegenaria gigantea and can be found in similar circumstances.
Tegenaria parietina gets its common name 'Cardinal Spider' from the story that the spiders living in Hampton Court used to terrify Cardinal Wolseley. This species has longer and more hairy legs than T. atrica, which it matches in size. The sheet web is larger than that of T. atrica and they occur in the south of England, being absent from some counties. Because of their size, some consider T. parientina to be the most frightening night prowler.
Tegenaria species very rarely bite and if they do it is painless. What gives them a bad reputation is their size, speed and nocturnal habits. Females can live for several years, but males, who live for a few weeks with the female, die after mating and are sometimes consumed by the female. Like all spiders living in houses they can withstand the very dry conditions and survive for months without sustenance.
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The majority of quartz crystallises in a hydrothermal environment, the result of rapid cooling of silicon and oxygen in either molten magma flows or within hot thermal vents.
Enhydro quartz is transparent crystalline quartz with water-filled internal cavities. Enclosed in negative voids within the stone, there may be a bubble of air which has evaporated out of the liquid as the growing quartz crystal cooled.
If there is sufficient space enough to allow it, these air bubbles move within the cavity as the stone is rotated.
Liquid filled negative spaces within gems are common, but magnification is usually needed to observe them.
however, in some cases where the stone and the void are large enough, the movement is visible to the naked eye, making such examples highly collectable gem rarities.


text:
About the Environmental Planning
More information about the Environmental Planning Office's various functions.
Landuse Planning and Review
This program coordinates departmental evaluations for proposed developments and projects in Hawaii.
Downloadable standard comments are available to better prepare
environmental impact statements and assessments.
Environmental Health Management Report
In line with the Department of Health Strategic Plan, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Office of
Environmental Quality Control requirements, the Environmental Planning Office compiles the 'Environmental Health Management Report' each year.
Environmental Geographic Information System
The EGIS is a computerized database system used for environmental
planning, data analysis, and the creation of maps and reports. This
program provides services to the Environmental Health Administration
(EHA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EGIS is instrumental in the creation of GIS data layers from
environmental monitoring results.
The Environmental Planning Office supports efforts toward Environmental Justice (EJ), in line with the DOH Strategic Plan
first Foundation of Health Equity and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Plan.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Learn German with poetry and music - courses and workshops
Περιοχή/Γειτονιά: Friedrichshain
My name is Britta, and I offer workshops and courses that include the use of poetry and music to help you learn the German language.
During each workshop, we will look at one particular topic. Some workshops will focus on a grammatical topic and others will focus on speaking about the music and building up some German vocabulary. We will listen to German songs from different times and styles (traditional German folk music, classical, pop or rock music) that relate to the topic. The focus will always be on the German language.
During the ongoing courses, we can go into the language in greater depth. These courses are designed to offer a more comprehensive introduction to the German language than the workshops and will use both poetry and music to support the process, where appropriate. We can listen to songs that contain the grammatical structures we are working with, and also talk about the rules and use the grammar in converstaion. If it turns out that you find particular words or structures difficult to memorise, we can also work with rhythm. We might write new lines to songs or we can use music to relax while listening to verb forms. If participants wish, we can also do some singing - but there will be no pressure to do so! Our main focus is always learning the German language and music will only be used where it supports the process of learning this language.
The workshops and courses are suitable for people who have an interest in music and would like to try a different approach to learning German. No particular musical skills or training are required.
I am a qualified teacher for German as a Foreign Language. I also hold qualifications in musicology, German literature and music therapy. I have about ten years of experience teaching languages, as well as in the music therapy field (using music to help people reach various non-musical goals).
If you would like some more information and a more detailed timetable, just drop me a line!
I look forward to hearing from you!
Επικοινωνήστε με αυτόν τον διαφημιστή


nitrate. It is completely soluble making it an excellent nitrogen source. However, manufacturing of ammonia nitrate is declining in the US due to environmental considerations (Nitrogen, 2018a).
High Brix Agronomy Products
Here at High Brix Agronomy, we offer molasses-based solutions for agronomic applications with strategies designed to reduce nitrogen inputs for the best economic and environmental results. The addition of molasses-based products to crop ground will provide nutrition for soil microbes and stimulate activity, stabilize nitrogen within solution to reduce leaching and volatilization, and serve as a chelating agent and increase the mobility and ultimately the availability of nutrients to plants.
N-Forcer is a cane molasses blend that provides energy to feed the soil microbes. Providing food for the microorganisms to utilize results in proliferation and growth of the entire microbial population. The increased growth of the nitrogen fixing bacteria specifically is critically important in converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen that is readily available for the plant. Having an increase in available nitrogen results in happier, healthier plants. When N-Forcer is combined with an inorganic nitrogen fertilizer source (UAN), a synergistic effect occurs. The N-Forcer acts to stabilize the available nitrogen within the soil resulting in a reduction of denitrification of the ammonia nitrogen and soil leaching of the nitrate nitrogen. This ensures that the plant has greatest opportunity at absorbing the available nitrogen. The current recommendation for N-Forcer is 0.5 gallon/acre with row starter, and 1-2 gallons/acre strip, drip, knife, or foliar.
UNS is a molasses-based blend developed to provide an alternative to UAN. It provides additional energy to the soil for increased microbial growth as well as an available nitrogen source for the plants. The combination of the molasses and nitrogen results in a more stabilized product resulting in less soil leaching than traditional UAN. UNS also aids in the stabilization of soil pH by reducing nitrification, conversion of NH4+ to NO3, which results in less hydrogen in the soil. This product is safe to be mixed with most post-emergent crop chemicals making it a convenient product to add into your regimen.
Stalker NT
Stalker NT is a molasses, enzyme product designed to aid in the degradation of crop stubble, specifically corn residue. It is specifically designed to be sprayed onto the residue at harvest to help decompose debris. If residue is not removed from the field via grazing livestock or physical removal by baling, Stalk NT will help reduce over-wintering of disease and insects that reside in residual corn stalks. Degradation of crop residue is magnified when debris is mulched or mildly tilled as it increases the interaction between enzymes and available organic matter in the residue and involves the already soil existing microorganism into the degradation process. This will create a more active organic soil structure that is beneficial to next years crop. Degradation of crop stubble by Stalker NT can also be enhanced with the addition of humates and additional nitrogen. Current recommendations for Stalker NT is to spray at a rate of 1 gallon/acre.
Sweet Green
Sweet Green and Sweet Green Plus are our lawn and turf care products. Similarly to the products available for crops, Sweet Green provides readily available energy, i.e. sugar, but to your lawn. This helps the plant to build energy and protein reserves for times of stress from drought, disease, and insects. By providing additional energy for the soil, the microbes are able to utilize soil nitrogen more efficiently resulting in an increase in nitrogen uptake. An increase in nitrogen uptake by the plant results in more nitrogen to incorporate into chlorophyll producing a greener stand of grass. Sweet Green Plus provides the same sugar benefits as Sweet Green with the addition of 18% nitrogen. For maximum results, apply every 21 days.
To conclude, nitrogen is vitally important to the livelihood and success of your crop. Plants uptake nitrogen in the form of ammonium and nitrate which can come from an inorganic fertilizer source, atmospheric nitrogen, or fixation/mineralization from soil microorganisms. For microbes to produce nitrogen they consume a significant amount of carbon. With the utilization of High Brix Agronomy products, we are supplying additional carbon, via molasses, to the soil microbes resulting in an improved soil microbial population and increased crop yield.
Beegle, D. B. and P. T. Durst. 2017. Nitrogen fertilization of corn. Penn State Extension. Retrieved from
Dobereiner, J. 1969. Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation in tropical soils. In: Biology and ecology of nitrogen. Proceedings of a Conference National Academy of Sciences, Washington D. C.
Forde, B. G., and D. T. Clarkson. 1999. Nitrate and ammonium nutrition of plants: Physiological and molecular perspectives. Advances in Botanical Research. 30:2-91.
Hodge, A., D. Robinson, and A. Fitter. 2000. Are microorganisms more effective than plants at competing for nitrogen? Trends in Plant Science. 5: 304-308.
Kizilkaya, R., 2009. Nitrogen fixation capacity of Aztobacter spp. Strains isolated from soils in different ecosystems and relationship between them and the microbiological properties of soils. J. Environ. Biol. 30:73-82.
Maathuis, F. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral nutrients. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 12: 250-258.
Masclaux-Daubresse, C., F. Daniel-Vedele, J. Dechorgnat, F. Chardon, L. Gaufichon, and A. Suzuki. 2010. Nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization in plants: Challenges for sustainable and productive agriculture. Annals of Botany 105:_PHONE_.
Näsholm, T. Knut Kielland, and U. Ganeteg. 2009. Uptake of organic nitrogen by plants. New Phytologist. 182:31-48.
Nitrogen. 2018a. KSU Agronomy. Retrieved from
Nitrogen, 2018b. Mosaic Crop Nutrition. Retrieved from
Peoples, M.B.; Freney, J.R.; Mosier, A.R. Minimizing gaseous losses of nitrogen. In: In: Nitrogen Fertilization in the Environment, P.E. Bacon (ed) (New York: Marcel Dekker Inc) pp. 565-602. 1995.
Tilman, D. 1999. Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: The need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:5995-6000.


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Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company
The Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company (FILI) was formed on 23 Aug. 1793, when European countries were involved in a war growing out of the French Revolution. The reason for its organization may have been fear that the Spanish in Louisiana would incite the Indians to attack, but recent scholarship supports the view that alarm over slave rebellions in Haiti was more likely.
In 1825 the company attended the Marquis de Lafayette on his visit to Fayetteville (named in 1784 in honor of the French nobleman who fought with the American revolutionaries). Construction of the U.S. arsenal in Fayetteville in 1838 increased the importance of the company. When the Civil War began, the FILI joined the 1st North Carolina Volunteers, called the "Bethel" Regiment, as Company H. It was the first regiment organized in North Carolina and fought in the Battle of Bethel, the first engagement of the war. Some of its members were among the troops who surrendered at Appomattox.
Although the FILI achieved glory, its history was marked by controversy, such as when it refused to retire the gray uniform of the Confederacy, which prevented its acceptance into the State Guard. During the Spanish-American War, the FILI entered national service as Company A, 2nd Regiment, commanded by Capt. Benjamin R. Huske. Wearing their Confederate uniforms, the enlistees marched into Camp Dan Russell, where "they doffed the grays" and "donned the blues" of the United States. The company trained at Tybee Island, Ga., but did not sail to Cuba. The troops were mustered out at Macon, Ga., on 8 Feb. 1899. In 1917 the company went to Camp Stewart at El Paso, Tex., to help defend the border from raids by Mexican leader Francisco Villa.
During World War I the FILI served as Company F of the 119th Infantry Regiment, part of the Thirtieth Division, and fought in Flanders-its last military service. It has sometimes been confused with the Fayetteville Light Infantry Company, which also fought in a number of wars, including the Civil War.
After World War I, the FILI continued as a fraternal and social organization. It maintained an armory where Fort Bragg soldiers were often entertained, and it established a museum to house records and artifacts from antebellum days and from its World War I service. In the early 2000s the company functioned as a ceremonial unit with a color guard dressed in the uniform of the late antebellum period.
James C. MacRae, "The Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company," North Carolina Booklet (9 Apr. 1908).
Roy Parker Jr., Cumberland County: A Brief History (1990).
Joseph F. Steelman, North Carolina's Role in the Spanish-American War (1975).
North Carolina Digital Collections search results for Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry Company
(2nd) Lieutenant Charles B. Cook, Confederate, Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry, early Civil War era, in uniform showing fancy hat and sword. Image courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina, call #: N_59_12_95.
1 January 2006 | Steelman, Lala Carr


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Freetown is the capital city of Sierra Leone. The land
of Mountain, Mangrove, forests and plateau, Sierra Leone got its name in 1462
from a Portuguese sailor, who called it 'Sierra Lyoa' or the Lion Mountains.
The country is located on the Western part of
Africa surrounded by the African nations of Guinea and Liberia and the Atlantic
The largest and the most important city of Sierra
Leone is the capital city of Freetown. Apart from this, the other major cities
of Sierra Leone are: Koidu (Sefadu); Bo; Kenema and Makeni.


baby's private parts are more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes. When the baby cannot tolerate the itching in the private parts, it will be scratched unconsciously, which will eventually lead to genital infections.
From the design of open crotch pants to the advent of its existence, its existence must be justified, so how should the family scientifically wear open crotch pants for their children?
1. Add diapers to the child before putting on the crotch pants
When the child is at an age where he can't control his own urine and urine, it's best for the family to put on diapers for the child. The simultaneous existence of the two is not mutually exclusive, on the contrary, the two are a perfect match. On the one hand, parents can observe the dampness of the diaper in time, so that it can be replaced in time to prevent the growth of bacteria; on the other hand, it can effectively avoid the above-mentioned hazards and protect the health of children's private parts.
2. Put on panties before crotch pants
For children who have already given up diapers, it is appropriate to add a barrier to the outside world in crotch pants, that is, panties. Compared with diapers, panties are more breathable and convenient. When children wear panties in open crotch pants, they can effectively resist external infections and help children establish gender awareness.
In fact, in addition to open crotch pants, there are also the following types of pants on the market that are not suitable for children.
1. Leggings
Many mothers choose leggings for their children in order to shape their children. However, too tight pants can make children feel very uncomfortable, which is specifically reflected in the lack of breathability of this type of pants, and often cause various frictions with the child's skin. In addition to feeling discomfort, children may also cause skin allergies and other health problems.
2. Trousers with zipper
The monotonous styles are often not affirmed by the trend. Fashionable mothers will choose unique clothes for their children, and some trousers are just Will come with a zipper. But similarly, trousers with zippers are not advisable, especially for young boys. Children are active and playful. If they play with the zipper, they may accidentally injure their genitals, or accidentally pinch the skin of the child. In the slightest case, the skin may be injured, or the genitals may be injured, causing irreparable damage.
Taking care of children is very particular. Parents must take care of their children's clothing, food, shelter and transportation, and don't underestimate the harm a pair of pants causes to their children. Parents should start from the safety and comfort of their children, and scientifically arrange clothes for their children to ensure their health and safety.
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text:
Gaming for good is a concept that combines the engaging and entertaining aspects of video games with real-world missions and objectives, whether they be education, fundraising, or social advocacy. This powerful union can result in positive change and impact on a variety of levels, from improving individual educational experiences to shaping global conversations on critical issues. In this article, we'll explore the history, power, and future trends of gaming for good and spotlight popular initiatives that are making waves in this movement.
II. History of gaming for good
1. Early examples of socially responsible games
The concept of games with a purpose beyond entertainment can be traced back to titles such as Lemonade Stand, a business simulation game from 1973 which taught children about the principles of supply and demand. Similar games, like 1985's educational adventure game, Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?, combined engaging gameplay with learning objectives.
2. Evolution of gaming for good through technological advancements
As technology advanced, so did the potential for gaming for good. Newer platforms and more sophisticated game design provided opportunities for greater immersion, interactivity, and complex storytelling. Titles like 2007's Peacemaker explored the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, while 2008's educational game, Brain Age, became popular for cognitive training.
III. The power of gaming for good
1. Education and learning
– Serious games and educational games: Serious games are designed specifically for training or learning, integrating pedagogical content with gameplay. Educational games similarly aim to teach, but may be more focused on entertainment.
– Improved retention and understanding: Research suggests that gameplay can lead to increased engagement, retention of information, and improved problem-solving skills in learners.
2. Raising awareness and advocacy
– Games addressing social issues: Many games, like 2013's Depression Quest, provide an interactive and engaging way for players to gain insights into complex social issues.
– Impact on public opinion and policy: These games can spark conversations, contribute to public understanding, and potentially influence policy.
3. Charity fundraising
– Gaming events and charity streams: Gamers have organized countless events and livestreams where they collect donations for charitable causes.
– Success stories and amounts raised: Major events like Games Done Quick and Extra Life have raised millions of dollars for various charities.
IV. Popular gaming for good initiatives
1. Games Done Quick
– Description of the events: Games Done Quick is a series of live gaming marathons where speedrunners complete games as quickly as possible while fundraising for charity.
– Charities supported: Events have benefited organizations like Doctors Without Borders and the Prevent Cancer Foundation.
2. Extra Life
– Description of the annual events: Extra Life is a 24-hour gaming marathon fundraiser supporting the Children's Miracle Network Hospitals, a network of 170 children's hospitals across North America.
– Children's hospitals supported: Donations from participants help fund medical equipment, research, and treatments for children in need.
3. One Special Day
– Description of the initiative: One Special Day is an annual fundraising event organized by SpecialEffect, a charity focused on helping disabled gamers access and enjoy video games.
– Support for the disabled in gaming: Funds raised support the development of specialized gaming equipment and one-to-one support services for disabled gamers.
V. The role of game developers in promoting gaming for good
1. Developing games with positive social impact
Developers can create games that address important social issues, challenge stereotypes, or promote empowerment and equality, translating powerful messages into interactive experiences.
2. Supporting gaming for good events and initiatives
Game developers can also partner with and sponsor gaming for good events, offering resources, funding, or promotion to amplify their impact.
3. Ensuring accessibility and inclusivity in game design
Inclusive design ensures that games are accessible to a wider audience, supporting disabled gamers and promoting diversity and inclusion within the gaming community.
VI. The future of gaming for good
1. Growth and expansion of gaming for good initiatives
As gaming continues to grow in popularity and accessibility, gaming for good initiatives are poised to expand their reach and impact.
2. Potential for virtual reality and augmented reality in gaming for good
Emerging technologies like virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) may offer unique opportunities for immersive, interactive, and powerful gaming for good experiences.
3. Integration with other emerging technologies and platforms
Developments in technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) may introduce new possibilities for gaming for good applications, expanding its influence on various industries and sectors.
Gaming for good has the potential to achieve significant impact in numerous areas, from education and learning to social advocacy and charity fundraising. By embracing and supporting this movement, gamers, developers, and organizations can contribute to cultivating meaningful change in the world.
1. What is gaming for good?
Gaming for good is the concept of using video games for purposes beyond entertainment, including education, fundraising, and social advocacy.
2. How can gaming for good be used for education?
Gaming for good initiatives can create serious and educational games that increase engagement, retention, and understanding of various subjects.
3. Can gaming raise awareness on social issues?
Yes, games addressing social issues can spark conversations, contribute to public understanding, and potentially influence policy.
4. What are some examples of gaming for good events?
Examples of gaming for good events include Games Done Quick, Extra Life, and One Special Day.
5. What role do game developers play in gaming for good?
Developers can create games with positive social impact, support gaming for good events and initiatives, and ensure accessibility and inclusivity in game design.
6. How can virtual reality and augmented reality be used in gaming for good?
VR and AR technologies can offer immersive and interactive experiences, amplifying the impact of gaming for good initiatives.
7. What is the potential future of gaming for good?
The future of gaming for good may see growth in initiatives, integration with emerging technologies, and expansion into various industries and sectors.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
been irradiated for sterilization. How does it do it?
An efficient system for repairing DNA is what makes the microbe so tough. High doses of radiation shatter the D. radiodurans genome, but the organism stitches the fragments back together, sometimes in just a few hours. The repaired genome appears to be as good as new.
"The organism can put its genome back together with absolute fidelity," says Claire M. Fraser, of The Institute for Genome Research (TIGR) in Rockville, Maryland. She was the leader of the TIGR team that sequenced D. radiodurans in 1999.
The fantastic resilience of life to threats, whether from ionizing radiation, temperature, or deprivation, shouts design. As stated in a recent post about homeostasis, only intelligence builds machines that can maintain the state of other machines. The recovery of Chernobyl's ecosystem offers powerful evidence for life's pre-programmed resilience.


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Aquatic Park EGRET is the stewardship group for the tidal wetlands of Berkeley's largest city park. Volunteers from the community help us tend native coastal plantings to improve the shoreline of San Francisco Bay for wildlife habitat.
Over 90 people showed up to help clean and landscape on January 18th.
Photos can be seen here: _URL_
As a major stop on the Pacific Flyway, Berkeley's Aquatic Park hosts many migratory birds stopping on their way south. This category will be used to post announcements of migratory birds seen in the park.
The City of Berkeley is requesting a "Negative Declaration" of environmental impact of a major dredging project. Read details here.
Help stop flooding and habitat damage to Aquatic Park
The City of Berkeley plans to use $2 million in Clean Water Bond money from the State Coastal Conservancy to open discharge outlets from the City's primary storm drains into the tidal bay ponds of Aquatic Park. Discharge of contaminated storm water into the enclosed ponds has been prohibited by the State since 1971, but the City hopes to overturn that restriction and replace it with a permit allowing such toxic discharges in perpetuity. The use of high-pressure pumps can increase the capacity of the City's drains and avoid violations of the Water Board's prohibition. Improving circulation within the lagoon system must begin with regular maintenance of the existing culverts, the option selected by Council in 1994 when staff first proposed the project in an earlier version. Additional water circulation can be safely engineered with a one-way flow out of the lagoons, thus prohibiting the introductions of toxic storm runoff. Such one-way outbound options have been recommended for consideration by the State Water Board regulator in his project analysis, but they have not yet been modeled.


Bruised Oranges
The Dutch royals are botching covid-19 etiquette
After an ill-judged holiday, the House of Orange has lost a bit of juice
EuropeJan 9th 2021 edition
POLITICALLY, COVID-19 has been good for Mark Rutte, the Netherlands' prime minister. Polls show his party's support has risen from about 15% to 25% since March. Not so for his sovereign, King Willem-Alexander. In April 76% of Dutch said they trusted the king; in December that had dropped to 47%, according to Ipsos, a pollster. Support for the monarchy as a whole fell from 74% to 60%. The main cause seems to be two disastrous holidays. In August Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima were photographed breaking social-distancing rules in Greece. In October the family returned there during the Dutch autumn break, even as the Netherlands headed towards a lockdown. The trip was cut short by public outrage.
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The House of Orange has been one of Europe's most popular royal families. Its history is unusual. When the Netherlands won independence from Habsburg Spain in the late 1500s, it started out as a republic. The descendants of William of Orange, the nobleman who led the revolt, were given the odd title of "stadtholder". They tussled for power with the provincial delegates of the States-General. In 1795 Dutch progressives backed by revolutionary France drove out the Oranges, who took refuge in England. It was not until 1815, when they returned after Napoleon's defeat, that they became royalty, with the help of the anti-republican British and their allies.
By the 1900s they were typical constitutional monarchs. They won kudos in the second world war, since Queen Wilhelmina fled to London rather than accept Nazi occupation. Though Willem-Alexander signs all laws, his main job is to meet business groups and charities and to give an annual speech (written by the government). Like other modern royals, they appeal to the people by mixing pomp and folksiness.
This year's shenanigans upset that balance. The royals disregarded covid-19 rules while flaunting their wealth: the king brought along his new yacht worth €2m ($2.5m). "The Netherlands has a culture of 'Stick your head up and get mowed down', so the Oranges usually try to seem normal," says Kysia Hekster of NOS, the national news broadcaster. The royals cost the state €46m a year for salaries, events, palace upkeep and so on. But their private fortune is secret. The Oranges are still well liked, but many Dutch think they have a right to know what is beneath the peel.
Correction (January 10th 2021): A previous version of this article stated that Queen Juliana fled to London during the second world war.
This article appeared in the Europe section of the print edition under the headline "Bruised Oranges"
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text:
Speaking from the technology perspective, naming is specific depending on the device characteristics, two main categories being landline and mobile.
Landline is a device receiving signal through a fixed phone line (which is not always a circuit; sometimes the device is a pretty large phone with a SIM making it quite mobile, sometimes handheld, still it's considered a landline phone).
Mobile phones have a couple different technology-dependent types:
- cellular (or cell for short) are called the devices utilizing signal received through a "cellular network"
- satellite devices are powered by the satellite network
These terms describe your device in respect to differences implied by phone networks, but the total of non-landline phones are mobile.
Also there are smartphones. This term distinguishes the device in a bit different dimension; it describes the capabilities as opposed to older handheld devices (smartphones are the devices that combine a microcomputer and a telephone).
So, strictly speaking, if you want to be specific to different types of devies you should use different terms in different cases. That would make a lot of difference if you wanted, per se, sell software for a particular kind of devices.


text:
Well, the articles I found seemed straightforward enough, but things get a bit tricky when you introduce relationships between tables. The article on codeproject does mention how to handle foreign keys: create a unique identifier per 'object' that you want to version (they call it the 'PermanentRecordId'). This identifier cannot be used as a proper foreign key, since the Audit (or version) table contains multiple rows sharing the same key.
But of course the above would not keep us from using it as one in a JOIN construct. However, a side effect is that if two tables are teamed up in such a way, they are versioned independently from each other. This wouldn't pose a problem for the specific example that the article gives, but could pose one in different circumstances.
I modified SQLAlchemy to support versioned tables. Took a bit of work, but managed to get a number of basic tests working. Didn't see one thing coming, though. Let me illustrate in (pseude)code:
> versioned_object = VersionedObject(attr='hello') > VersionedObject.query().all() [] > versioned_object.attr = 'goodbye' > VersionedObject.query().all() [, ] > versioned_object ;
In words: once you modify an attribute and commit to the DB your ORM object (instance) will be unusable (since SQLAlchemy uses the PrimaryKey to identify the thing in the DB).
I suppose that if you modify an object only once after retrieving it from the DB –which might be a frequent occurrence for webservices– the thing is still somewhat useful.


text:
The Field Museum's collections from East Asia reveal the threads of spirituality and technology, as well as of folk lore and everyday life, in the tapestry of Asian societies. Famed for the biological diversity of its rapidly disappearing tropical forests, Southeast Asia also has a wealth of cultural diversity.… more
The Field Museum's collections from East Asia reveal the threads of spirituality and technology, as well as of folk lore and everyday life, in the tapestry of Asian societies. Famed for the biological diversity of its rapidly disappearing tropical forests, Southeast Asia also has a wealth of cultural diversity. The Field Museum's collections draw both from the mainland and from neighboring island nations in illuminating the drama and music, as well as the warfare and foraging, of the region's peoples.
China Collection. This collection contains 23,500 archaeological, historical and ethnographic objects made between BC 10,000 and AD 1980. The collection is strong in textiles (3,000 plus), rubbings of stone inscriptions (5,000 plus), and utilitarian and decorative objects of the 18th to 20th centuries (ca. 10,000). Three quarters of the collection was acquired in China between 1908 and 1923 by Field Museum anthropologist Berthold Laufer. Well-known and often studied subcollections include some 400 stone and glass snuff bottles, 230 toggles, 130 rhinoceros horn cups, 500 puppets, 1,000 coins, 1,000 jade carvings, 1,500 folk embroideries, 30 early cast iron objects, 500 items of Daoist and Buddhist sculpture, 400 Han Dynasty ceramics, 230 pewter objects, and 300 pieces of equipment for pets, mostly pigeons and crickets.
Japan Collection. The 4,700 historical and ethnographic objects in the Museum's Japan collection were acquired as gifts to the Museum. Approximately 200 items were exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exhibition. In the early 1950s, Commander and Mrs. Gilbert Boone of Monmouth, Illinois acquired extensive collections in Japan and later donated them to the Museum. Their gift comprises one half of the current collection and includes 500 illustrated, woodblock-print books and 300 traditional paintings from the 18th to the 20th century. Gifts from other Chicago-area collectors include more than 1,000 Japanese sword furnishings (i.e., tsuba, fuchi-kashira, etc.) in the Gunsaulus collection, 200 lacquerware items (with many inro) in the Kroch and Leslie collections, and 300 Ainu objects.
Tibet Collection. This collection includes approximately 4,400 secular and religious objects that were acquired in China and eastern Tibet by Field Museum anthropologist Berthold Laufer in 1908-09. Nearly all date from the 17th through the 19th century. The highlights of this collection include more than 1,000 traditional Tibetan books, both printed and hand written woodblocks, 850 costumes and personal accessories, 800 ritual containers and images and 350 tangka paintings. These objects comprise one of the largest and best-provenanced Tibetan collections in the United States.
Indonesia-Malaysia Collection. The 6,400 objects in this collection include approximately 600 objects gathered from Malay hunter-gatherer (Orang Asli) groups, 700 textiles and textile-related items, 400 iron and steel weapons, 300 wayang drama items, and one of the finest sets of gamelan musical instruments outside of Java. Much of the Java subcollection was assembled in the 1880s. The objects from Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula were collected in the 1920s, while the Sulawesi Toraja subcollection came to the Museum more recently. Objects were collected by Field Museum anthropologists Faye Cooper Cole, George Dorsey, Kathleen Adams and Robert Welsch; the English civil servants Ivor H. N. Evans and Alleyne Ireland; and the Dutch administrator E. E. W. G. Schroder. While the Field Museum collection may be smaller than similar collections in the Netherlands or Germany, it is one of the finest in the United States.
Philippines Collection. The Field Museum's Philippine collection includes more than 8,000 ethnographic-historical and more than 1,000 archaeological objects. Its collection of Luzon and Mindanao tribal material is considered to be the largest and finest in the world. Collected by Field Museum anthropologists Faye Cooper Cole, William Jones and S. C. Simms between 1907 and 1910, this well documented collection covers all facets of traditional Philippine culture. Many of the textiles in the 700-800 piece collection are unique and of considerable scholarly interest.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Collection. The 400 specimens in this small collection were purchased in the field by the noted British anthropologist, A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and were illustrated in his book, The Andaman Islanders. This collection consists of wood, bamboo and rattan utilitarian and ritual objects reflecting the material culture of the Andamanese. This collection is the only one of its kind in the United States.
Image above: Detail of the gold Agusan Image discovered in 1917 near the Wawa River in the province of Agusan del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. Standing over five inches tall, this gold image can be seen in the Grainger Hall of Gems at the museum. Catalog Number 1404.109928. © The Field Museum, A114678_006Ad, Photographer John Weinstein.less
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Bulgaria Population 2015
Bulgaria is located in Southeastern Europe and is the 14th largest country in Europe, although it is fairly sparsely populated with just 66 people per square kilometer (171/sq mi), ranking 101st in the world. It's estimated that Bulgaria has a population of 7.11 million in 2015, down from 7.16 million last year.
Bulgaria has an estimated 2015 population of 7.11 million, down from the official population of 7.36 million at the 2011 census. The country has a population density of just 66 people per square kilometer (171/square mile). The capital and largest city is Sofia. This ancient city has a history going back 2,500 years. It's the 14th largest city in the European Union and has an estimated population of 1.3 million people. 73% of Bulgaria's population lives in urban regions, with 1/6 of the population in the Sofia area.
Bulgaria Demographics
85% of the population is Bulgarian, with other major ethnic groups being Turkish (8.8%), Roma (4.9%) and about 40 small minority groups totaling 0.7%. All ethnic groups in Bulgaria speak Bulgarian, which is the only official language and native for most of the population.
Bulgaria Population Clock
What is the population of Bulgaria (as of [[date]])? [[getCurrentPopulation()]]
Births Per Day 892
Deaths Per Day 1,537
Net Migrations Per Day -137
Net Change Per Day -782
Population Change Since January 1st [[getPopChangeThisYear()]]
 - Population estimated based on interpolation of World Population Prospects data.
Bulgaria Population Indicators
Indicator Value World Ranking
Median (Average) Age 43.43 years 5th
Crude Birth Rate 9.342 births/thousand 182nd
Crude Death Rate 16.099 deaths/thousand 3rd
Crude Net Migration Rate -1.435 people/thousand 145th
Life Expectancy (Both Sexes) 74.04 years 96th
Life Expectancy (Male) 70.51 years 101st
Life Expectancy (Female) 77.73 years 90th
Total Fertility Rate 1.611 children/woman 159th
Net Reproduction Rate 0.769 surviving daughters/woman 159th
Sex Ratio At Birth 1.061 males per female 27th
Infant Mortality Rate 8.14 deaths/1,000 live births 130th
Under Five Mortality 9.74 deaths/thousand 131st
Mean Age at Childbearing 27.69 years 152nd
Population Data via United Nations WPP
Bulgaria Population Growth
Bulgaria's population continues to decline since its peak of 9 million in 1986. With a high death rate, low birth rate, and negative net migration, the decline is expected to continue throughout the 21st century. Interestingly, Bulgaria (along with Latvia) is one of only two countries with a lower population today than in 1950.
Data Sources


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Cisco IINS 2.0: Implementing Firewall Policies
formación Cisco IINS 2.0: Implementing Firewall Policies
Descripción: Curso Cisco IINS 2.0: Implementing Firewall Policies
Formación en IINS 2.0: Implementing Cisco IOS Network Security
Network security threats have the potential to significantly impede productivity, disrupt business and operations, and result in loss of information, which can lead to financial losses and noncompliance. Hackers continue to develop new techniques to gain access to information for their own financial gain, and these techniques are harder than ever to detect. Businesses need comprehensive solutions that are highly manageable and operational to proactively address these threats.
One of these solutions is the zone-based policy firewall which changes the original implementation of Cisco IOS Classic Firewall stateful inspection from the older interface-based model to a more flexible, more easily understood zone-based configuration model. This course covers the features of Cisco IOS zone-based policy firewalls and how to use Cisco Configuration Professional to configure them.
Another solution is the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance which implements a rich set of security technologies that can be effectively implemented as a perimeter firewall using several deployment modes. This course introduces Cisco ASA Security Appliance functionality, features, and underlying technologies. Finally, the course demonstrates how to configure the Cisco ASA 5505 Adaptive Security Appliance for basic connectivity using Cisco Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM).
Formación SkillSoft
Network designers, administrators, engineers, and managers; systems engineers; individuals seeking the Implementing Cisco IOS Network Security (IINS) v2.0 640-554 certification, which is associated with the CCNA Security certification exam. Knowledge and skills equivalent to those learned in Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) are required, and a working knowledge of the Windows operating system and Cisco IOS networking and concepts is recommended.
Contáctenos a través de >éste formulario<
Precios especiales para la formación de grupos
Podemos adaptar cualquier curso a sus necesidades, e impartirlo en sus instalaciones o en nuestros centro de formación Contáctenos


Our life partially consists of routine actions that repeat at regular intervals: paying utility bills and for important online servic...
Your comprehensive guide to repeating tasks
 - paying utility bills and for important online services
 - tax payment
 - weekly reviews
 - visits to the dentist
 - car maintenance
 - and other
In order to keep these actions under complete control while fully automating their display in the lists of active actions, there is a flexible setting of recurring tasks in MyLifeOrganized.
The main purpose of recurring tasks is to periodically remind us of our obligations within the preset days and times. In GTD it is called "areas of responsibility". This may concern both professional activities (like frequency of report submission, tax payment, inspections, personnel training, as well as planning for the next week) and personal sphere (payments, cleaning, checking child's homework, going to the gym etc.).
Next, we will consider all the options for recurring tasks in MyLifeOrganized which can and should be applied in practice.
Recurrence options are divided into two groups:
1. Main options. The mandatory ones, without them the task recurrence will not work properly. They determine the frequency and order of task recurrence.
2. Additional options. More fine-tuning options for advanced users.
Main options
Recurrence pattern
For each recurring task you can select or build your own recurrence pattern as a construction set. There is no need to limit oneself to standard repetitions daily, weekly, monthly and yearly. Choose your recurrence option that fully reflects the cycle of your task:
 - every weekday
 - weekly on certain days of the week
 - every first working day of the month
 - last Sunday of December of each year, which is especially important for the strategic planning of the coming year
Next occurrence
For the correct display of the recurrence cycle, the following parameters are required:
 - Due - the date of the next task recurrence
 - Start - when you can start to perform a recurring task
 - Time - if necessary
Start and due dates may be the same. For example, for the task "Send a Valentine's Day Gift" the start and due dates will be set as of February 14, because it is too early on the 13th, and on the 15th is somehow too late.
Dates may be different too. For example, you need to pay utility bills before the 20th of each month. But it is not necessary to do it on this day. You can set the start date from the 15th of each month.
End occurrences
By default the number of task occurrences is set to "Infinite". You have set recurrence, and the task will now be displayed at a certain frequency without time limit. But if you need to specify occurrence limitations, you can do it:
 - by number of occurrences
 - by completion date
Here are some examples of when this applies:
Restriction on the number of occurrences. You have to take vitamins for 14 days. Set recurrence for daily and specify 14 days. The task will be reminded of every day until you complete the task the specified number of times. In the meantime the properties will indicate the number of occurrences left.
"End by" limit. Suppose you have bought an annual subscription to the gym. You create a recurring task, for example, on Monday-Wednesday-Friday. And for the same task, you can specify that this mode is maintained until the date this subscription expires. Unless, of course, you are going to renew it regularly.
Advanced options
If you are an experienced user of the MyLifeOrganized task manager and the suggested recurrence options are insufficient for you, there are additional options. These options are used to substantially extend the functionality of cyclic tasks.
Automatic resetting of subtasks when the task recurs
In MyLifeOrganized recurring tasks can have their own subtasks, which, according to a given algorithm and settings, are repeated or not repeated together with the main task.
If there are subtasks for a recurring task, you can set how the system should deal with completed subtasks, when to display them next time.
There are three options for automatic resetting of subtasks when the task is repeated:
1. Disable automatic reset. All completed subtasks of a recurring task when transfered to the next repetition remain completed.
Example of application: there is a recurring task "Meeting". The issues on the agenda that need to be addressed or discussed have been added as subtasks. All the solved issues (subtasks) remain in the system as completed and will not be displayed during the next display.
2. Reset all subtasks to uncompleted. At the next recurrence all completed subtasks become active again. For example, a repeated task "Pay utility bills" with subtasks:
 - pay for gas
 - pay for electricity and so on
After the completion of the "Pay utility bills" task itself, all types of payments become active again.
3. Reset all subtasks to uncompleted, if all subtasks are completed. For which purpose can this be applied? For the most flexible approach to periodic tasks.
For example, you have the recurring task "Gym workout". As subtasks you write the workout sets for different muscle groups:
 - chest + shoulders
 - back + biceps
 - chest + triceps
 - legs
You should set "Reset all subtasks to uncompleted, if all subtasks are completed" and "Do not create a completed copy of this task on recurring" (to be described in the next chapter).
At the completion of any subtask, the next time you will be shown only the remaining three. Then two. And so on until you complete all sets. After the last subtask is completed, all workout options will be available again in the next recurrence.
A similar approach can be applied to:
 - writing blog articles
 - family rest on the weekend
 - doing housework
 - any other activities
Automatic recurring behaviour when subtasks are completed
In MyLifeOrganized, recurrence can work not only after the completion of a recurring task, but also after completing its subtasks.
There are three options for automatic recurring behaviour when subtasks are completed:
1. Disable automatic recurrence (set by default). It does not matter which subtasks are marked as completed. Recurrence will work only after the main task on which the recurrence is set as completed.
2. Automatically recur when any subtask is completed. It's convenient when choosing among a variety of options. When you complete any subtask, the parent task is considered completed and recurs.
3. Automatically recur when all subtasks are complete. It is effective to use if the recurring task itself is generalizing and serves only to unify the tasks of the same type.
For example, this may be the task "All taxes paid!", where the subtasks are a list of all taxes due for payment. When everything's paid automatic recur will work, without the need to complete the main task.
Combination of automatic resetting and recurring of subtasks
There are no restrictions in MyLifeOrganized that you can use only a specific automatization option. Instead, from the options described above you can create any combination you need for each specific case.
For example, the periodic task "Personnel training", for which it is necessary to conduct classes on various topics with a certain frequency.
We add these topics as subtasks to "Personnel training". And for the task set the following variant of the options:
 - reset all subtasks to uncompleted, if they are all completed
 - automatic recurring on completion of any subtask
How can this be useful? When the time comes to conduct classes, we can choose any topic that is most relevant at the moment.
At the completion of the subtask, the recurrence will work. But the next time the task is displayed, all the topics will be shown, except for that already studied.
After all the subtasks are completed, you will see the entire list again.
Create / Do not create a completed copy of the task on recurring
For a recurring task you can specify whether to create a completed copy or not.
The cases when a completed copy is necessary:
 - to track your productivity in the lists of completed tasks
 - to quickly create a copy of the task, but without recurrence
Skip occurrence
If a situation arises that you will not perform a recurring task, you can skip its occurence. This is necessary so that:
 - the failed task would not be displayed in the list of completed tasks
 - the tasks that you will not complete this time do not clutter up lists of active actions
You can skip the occurrence either by clicking on the task with the right mouse button with the choice of the corresponding function, or you can assign the hotkey to skip the occurence in the settings and perform it using the keyboard.
Skipping the occurrence is especially useful during the evening review of tasks for tomorrow. If we see in advance that we will not be doing some tasks tomorrow, we can move them to the next relevant date, not waiting for them to become overdue.
Rules for setting recurring tasks
It is necessary to stick to some rules so that working with recurring tasks would be convenient and would not give failures.
1. Edit in Task Recurrence window or by clicking Due Date in task area
After the task has become recurring, all changes to the settings can be made through the recurrence menu. This is necessary not to break the cycle established earlier. To edit a recurring task, click the recurrence description line in Properties:
If you click Start or Due Date in Properties, you will see the following notification:
However, if you click Due


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Ramón Guevara Erra - Statistical mechanics of consciousness: maximization of information content of neuronal networks is associated with conscious awareness
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Duration: 0:20:50 | Added: 13 Oct 2019
Ramón Guevara Erra
Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), CNRS and
Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
It has been argued that consciousness could be an emergent property of large neuronal networks, associated to the integration of information in the brain. However, it is not yet clear how is consciousness related to the complexity of functional brain networks. Based on a statistical mechanics approach, we sought to identify features of brain organization that are optimal for sensory processing, and that may guide the emergence of consciousness, by analyzing neurophysiological recordings in conscious and unconscious states. We find a surprisingly simple result: Normal wakeful states are characterized by the greatest number of possible configurations of interactions between brain networks, representing highest entropy values. Therefore, the information content is larger in the network associated to conscious states, suggesting that consciousness could be the result of an optimization of information processing. These findings help to guide in a more formal sense inquiry into how consciousness arises from the organization of matter.


text:
You'll need some basic information about the law if you're a homeschooling family. That may sound intimidating, but don't let it bother you. The law is not very complicated, and we've created some forms that make it even easier to understand. Thousands of other homeschooling families have sorted this out, and you will too!
In the simplest terms, Minnesota requires homeschoolers to do three main things:
- Report yearly their intent to begin or continue homeschooling
- Submit immunization information once when starting homeschooling and again at the start of seventh grade
- Administer and maintain records of instruction and yearly testing of their children
- When people talk about "reporting" to your school district that you will be homeschooling, they are referring to the process of filling out a form and then sending it into the district superintendent's office.
- There are two different forms, depending on if you are just starting your first year of homeschooling (Initial Report to the Superintendent) or beginning subsequent years (Letter of Intent to Continue Homeschooling.)
- Parents do not need to declare their intent to homeschool or file any forms until their child reaches the school year after they turn seven years old.
- Once your child is seven or older, you must submit your forms either within 15 days of removing your child from school (if you begin during the school year) or by October 1st (if you are starting homeschool in the fall and not sending your child back to school.)
Please see our Reporting page for more specifics
about reporting and to access the MHA reporting forms.
Immunization Reporting Basics
- Homeschoolers must submit an immunization report with their other paperwork once when they first declare their intent to homeschool and again at the beginning of each student's seventh-grade year.
- Parents who have chosen to decline immunizations for medical reasons or due to conscientiously held beliefs must also report on that same schedule, but are instead required to submit a notarized statement about their child's immunization status.
Please see our Immunizations page for more specifics,
including forms and a "conscientiously held beliefs" template.
Annual Testing Requirement Basics
- Homeschooled children ages 7-17 are required to be given a standardized exam yearly. Children who are younger or older are exempt from compulsory instruction and are exempt from the requirement.
- Not every standardized test meets Minnesota's requirements, but there are tests that do that are easily obtained and administered.
- The exam to be used during the year must be listed on the annual reporting form and must be agreed to by the superintendent. You can change your mind or your plan for testing during the year and just update the superintendent with any new details.
- The results of these exams are NOT reported to the state.
- There are several options for what style of test you'd like to use, including the standard fill-in-the-bubble test, a few interview-style verbal options and even an online option.
Please see our Yearly Testing page for more specifics, including
resources for where to research and order testing materials.
For additional help with navigating Minnesota law as it applies to homeschoolers, see our FAQs page, refer back to the applicable statues, or read through this plain-language document created by the Minnesota Department of Education.


Does Calcium Really Prevent Iron Absorption?
Does Calcium Really Prevent Iron Absorption?
Iron has a bone to pick with calcium, and for good reason—maybe.
For several decades now, a quieter vein of research drowned out by generic pro-milk and pro-beef awareness campaigns has been pointing out important distinctions that these highly vocal ad agencies keep glossing over: even healthy nutrients don't always play well together.
For example, calcium may actually inhibit the body's ability to transport iron into cells under certain conditions.
Nutrition scientists are still working on the mechanisms driving this effect, and some argue that the relationship between calcium intake and iron absorption doesn't exist at all.
Even if the jury weren't split, how does the everyday person act on this information?
Are calcium and iron the only two nutrients seemingly at odds with each other?
Let's start with a look at the evidence.
How Calcium May Block Iron Absorption
It's a rough outline, but researchers have at least hinted at a few ways in which calcium intake could reduce iron absorption. This effect is temporary, but it could still prove harmful for iron-deficient people.
A sizable portion of studies focusing on the calcium-iron conundrum don't dive into the specific mechanisms involved, but a few more robust studies have at least thrown out some theories.
One such theory is that calcium suppresses a protein called ferroportin (FPN).
The Ferroportin (FPN) Suppression Theory:
A study from UC Davis confirmed the author's hypothesis that calcium intake can suppress the action of ferroportin, a protein that transports iron from the inside of a cell to the outside.
The researcher added calcium chloride to human intestinal cell cultures (cells grown in a lab environment), measuring the presence of ferroportin and other substances involved with iron uptake at one and a half and four hours after the calcium was administered.
He then discovered that, even though total iron uptake was unaffected at the 1.5-hour mark, the presence of FPN at the cell membranes was decreased.
At the four-hour mark, however, FPN levels had largely recovered, "suggesting a rebound effect."
In other words, calcium didn't affect the amount of iron that entered the cells, but it did temporarily affect the cells' ability to export the iron into (what would be) human circulation.
Considering most other studies using larger windows of time argue that there is no effect of calcium on iron absorption whatsoever, this study reinforces the idea that the effect is short-lived.
Still, just because the body can recover its ability to transport iron, that doesn't mean it recoups all the iron it didn't absorb after rebounding.
Effects of the Calcium-Iron Ratio on Iron Absorption
Apart from any investigations into the specific mechanisms involved, several studies have managed to draw some connections between calcium-iron levels and the severity of any resulting loss in iron absorption.
For example, this finding from the Kansas University Medical Center Department of Medicine found that all three forms of calcium given to its 61 participants (calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate) suppressed iron absorption when taken with food.
As one might expect, high-iron, low-calcium meals were less effective at suppressing iron absorption (28%) than low-iron, high-calcium meals (55%).
Where most sources agree that this dip in iron absorption is negligibly small for the majority of people, those with greater needs for calcium and/or iron may fall short of their higher daily requirements if they have their supplements at mealtime.
What This Means for Iron-Deficient Populations
Disorders, pregnancy, gender, and age can all raise a person's need for iron.
There are plenty of common and less common disorders that can affect iron uptake, but for the sake of capturing the largest chunk of the general population, here are some of the largest populations at greater risk for iron deficiencies:
 - Pregnant women
 - Young and middle-aged women
 - Children and infants
 - Vegetarians and vegans
 - Iron deficiency anemia patients
It is especially important for pregnant women, who tend to be deficient in iron as well as calcium, to optimize absorption of both of these key nutrients every day.
So, how can pregnant women and the rest of these populations accomplish this?
Considering the impact of food on iron absorption, it's best to take iron with water alone, barring any objections from your physician.
By allowing your body to take in the iron without any competing calcium, you can maximize absorption.
For those who can't take iron outside of mealtime for whatever reason, you can still compromise by swapping out dairy-based proteins (aka, calcium-rich foods) for non-dairy protein sources like lean meat, nuts (looking at you, vegetarians/vegans), legumes, etc.
Of course, simply upping your iron intake will help, but that's kind of like constantly pouring more water into a leaky container instead of just patching the container.
With these two methods—taking iron supplements outside of mealtime and/or swapping some dairy-based proteins for others—you can keep your iron absorption capability on the higher end.
One Connection Among Many
On both the cellular level and the macro level, the absorption of a nutrient is often too complex to not interfere in some way with another nutrient's absorption.
We wish we could tell you that calcium is the only nutrient that can elbow others out of contention, but there are many, many other associations like the calcium-iron connection among dozens of other nutrients.
In a karmic reversal of sorts, even calcium uptake can be inhibited by foods that contain phytic and oxalic acids (spinach, beans, nuts, sweet potatoes, and others), making it tougher for people to meet their daily requirement.
It's not all bad news, however, because we Westerners especially could do with a bit of competition on the fat absorption front.
Ultimately, it's a matter of targeting what you're deficient or borderline-deficient in and clearing the way for optimal absorption.
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Electrolytes for Energy and More: A Beginner's Guide
by: TNI Editorial Team | Read Time: 5 minutes


text:
Named as a place to stay by
& National Geographic
Episode 13 Season 4
WEATHER IN TRINITY
Trinity charms visitors on at least two accounts. Many newcomers are struck by the natural beauty of the area, a magnificent harbour and the splendid maritime setting. Others are touched by a powerful sense of history (Old Worldliness) and the pride of place instilled by the cultural landscape. Trinity is a community whose personality has been largely shaped by the sea. The harbour has been proclaimed as one of the best in Newfoundland, even one of the finest in the world. The harbour not only provided abundant shelter and good holding ground, but was also spacious. It was once claimed to hold the entire British Navy.
Trinity Harbour has provided access to and refuge from the North Atlantic since the early 16th century when it was first used by European fishermen. West Countrymen from England began using it as a summer station in the migratory fishery in the 1570s, and in 1615 Richard Whitbourne (later Sir Richard) held a Court of the Admiralty, the first of its kind in the New World. Since then Trinity has been the scene of many other significant historical events.
-The above is an excerpt from Gordon Handcock's "The Story of Trinity", a publication of the Trinity Historical Society
The Merchants from Poole
In the early Newfoundland fishery the most prominent merchants were from the seaport of Poole, Dorset, England. Ships sailed from Poole to Newfoundland with salt and provisions, then carried dried and salted fish to Europe and then returned to Poole with wine, olive oil, and salt.
In the late 16-hundreds Poole merchants had settled in Bay Verds [now Bay de Verde] near Old Perlican on the east side of Trinity Bay. However, the harbour of Old Perlican is broad and open and not easily defended. Under Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville the French attacked and burned many of the buildings in 1697. Fearing further attacks through the early 1700s the Taverners, who were prominent Poole merchants, relocated their major premises to Trinity's safer harbour.
The Lesters were also a Poole merchant family and were related, through marriage, to the Taveners. They established at Trinity in the 1750s. As well they were prominent in a number of other communities in Trinity Bay buying Newfoundland codfish and providing settlers with supplies and provisions. They also employed many men cutting wood, trapping furs, and sealing. By 1793 Benjamin Lester owned 20 ships, the largest fleet operated by an English-Newfoundland merchant in the eighteenth century. Benjamin's daughter Amy married George Garland and, with time, George Garland assumed more direct responsibility for the trade. After 1819, the firm became George Garland and Sons.
The end of the Napoleonic Wars and the conclusion of the War of 1812 ended Britain's monopoly over the Newfoundland fisheries. Poole's Newfoundland trade decreased and, within a decade, most merchants had ceased trading. George Garland operated his business until 1825.
The Ryan Brothers
The Garland buildings were leased to various firms until 1900 when the Ryan Brothers acquired the site and operated until 1952. James and Dan Ryan belonged to the Bonavista family of Ryan merchants. Under the management of their youngest brother Edmund the firm's chief goal, in Trinity, was to profit from supplying Trinity and Conception Bay schooners that were involved in the Labrador fishery. The Garland/Ryan store in Trinity was one of the first Ryan buildings to be restored during the present era of historic reconstruction. Visitors to the Bonavista Peninsula can now view many Ryan buildings, some of which have been only recently restored.
Trinity Harbour Today
During periods up until the late 1980's Trinity was sustained largely by aspects of the fisheries and business families such as the Vokey shipbuilders and Bartlett's Plumbing and Electrical. However, outport Newfoundland fell on hard times with the close of the cod fishery in 1992. During the following decade ships were built, in Trinity, for a newly emerging crab fishery and there was diversification in the rural economy. Now the Trinity area, also known as the Trinity Bight, is home to theatre and a number of businesses that either serve visitors or are committed to providing new buildings and restoring historic properties.


Becoming an Authority in Your Niche
Becoming an Authority in Your Niche
Issue 9 // 4th Quarter // 2014 Category:Leadership By: Alan Robertson
Good, better, or best? We live in a society of self-proclaimed "experts" in every field, but what truly makes an expert an authority? At Duck Commander, we believe that the difference between being an expert and an authority is foundationally dependent upon the consistent production of a quality product. Our duck calls are not the best in the waterfowl industry because we say so—Duck Commander is an authority, because other people recognize consistent quality.
I've often pondered the example of Paul. As recounted in Philippians, he was a Hebrew of the Hebrews—the cream of the crop. If anyone were to be known as an expert on the law, it was Paul. Possessing all the confidence of Pharisaical decree, Paul persecuted heretical believers and stood blameless under the lawful decree of a self-righteous religious system. He was the ultimate expert on righteousness under the law.
But Galatians 1:15-17 holds a hidden key to what made Paul cross over from expert to authority: "But when he who had set me apart before I was born, and who called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with anyone; nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia…"
What made Paul an authority? Not his family, not his titles, but the time he spent in training, set apart with God. The Pauline epistles are silent on the length of time, but it is commonly believed that he spent three years in Arabia, learning and training under direct revelation of God. Interestingly enough, if this is true, it is the same amount of time that Jesus spent with His disciples during His earthly ministry. Paul's time in Arabia was his way of earning his place alongside the other apostles as the thirteenth warrior.
When Dad started this business so many years ago, he never dreamed that the waterfowl industry would know his name.
A simple country boy from Louisiana, Dad wasn't anyone special, but he had a God-given ability for duck hunting. From the very first time he went duck hunting at ten years old, Dad had an innate ability. He was set apart. His passion continued to grow for the rest of his life and turned into this amazing dynasty.
Over the years, Dad has refined the duck call into a specific instrument. All of us boys know exactly how a call is supposed to sound. Of course, there are varying degrees of natural ability in my family, but like a musical talent, it takes specific training to learn the proper sound. Duck Commander is an authority on what a call is supposed to sound like because of Dad's God-given ability.
Stand Up and Be Counted
Another difference between an expert and an authority is the willingness to answer the call. In Paul's case, he had all the pedigree necessary to be the expert on the Law, but the moment came when he was given a decision: follow Christ into a deeper ministry or remain caught up in legalism. When the rubber met the road, he was willing to follow. Ultimately, the call on the road to Damascus led him to become the penultimate authority on Christianity in the first century.
To become an authority, you have to be willing to step up when your time comes. Sometimes it's a moment that's recognizable, sometimes it's not. In our case, the penultimate moment came through a family fracture that drove Dad to his knees and brought about a full surrender to God's plan for his life and business. Duck Commander exists because of a single moment of complete submission.
Over the course of our journey to becoming an authority in the waterfowl segment of the sporting goods industry, we have seen many roadblocks and pitfalls, but by faithfully following biblical principles, peace and clarity have prevailed. In every trial, God has given us the courage to stand upon our principles, the wisdom to make the right decisions, and the grace to maintain our testimony.
It Won't Happen Overnight
Dad always said, "Don't tell other people how great you are; let people tell you if they think you're great." The difference between an expert and an authority is the consistent recognition of integrity that comes only through years of experience. One of the best ways to become an authority is credibility: to work through years of doing what you do best. In our case, it took twenty years of proving year in and year out that we were the best at what we did.
People think that we are marketing geniuses. You'd be surprised how many people think that Dad has a doctorate in marketing (he actually has a Master's degree in Education)! When Duck Dynasty became a megahit on A&E, people thought that our beards and bandanas were a marketing ploy. They're not part of our TV characters; they're our way of life. We are who we say we are. We have years of a consistent testimony of excellence within the hunting industry. We have proven our ability, established our excellence, and continued the quality of craftsmanship since the beginning of Duck Commander.
Ultimately, whether you start a business, make a lot of money, or impact society in a positive way, people remember what you do and the contributions you make. When you have Christ at the center of your life and ministry, when your moment comes to do something for Him, whatever it is, whether sharing the gospel with one indidividual or on a national platform, you have to step up and do it.
Long before God called us to be national ambassadors of the waterfowl industry and the leading authority on duck calls, we decided that we would stand up for what we believed, both in our professional and personal lives. It wasn't always easy, but we always had the peace and clarity that comes from putting God in control. We put Jesus first.
In the end, Paul's authority led to his house arrest and death, but here we are, 2,000 years later writing an article about it. It's the power of longevity. Stand up and be counted. Authorities are made, not born.
Editor's Note:
TwoTen Magazine's publisher Richard W. Hayes and writer Jessica Burchfield caught up with Alan Robertson in New York's LaGuardia Airport while on a publicity tour for Phil Robertson's new book, UnPHILtered (Howard Books). Interesting timing: Al recounted how his Dad had just finished an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News Channel, in which he was given a chance to stand up and be counted. "Dad was thrown an 80 mph fast ball right down the middle," said Al. "After a very controversial question regarding international terrorism, he quoted Scripture, then opened his well-worn Bible and preached. It was the perfect lead in to a succinct Gospel presentation on national television. Dad's really a preacher; duck calls just made him an authority."
Alan Robertson
By: Alan Robertson
Read More Articles by Alan Robertson
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what religion is morocco
what religion is morocco
What religion is most common in Morocco?
The main religion in Morocco is Islam, which is the state religion, although freedom of religious belief is also guaranteed to all. Officially, 99% of the population are Muslims, and virtually all of those are Sunni.
Is Christianity legal in Morocco?
Is Morocco a Islamic nation?
Does Morocco have freedom of religion?
The constitution of Morocco establishes that Islam is the state religion of Morocco, and also grants freedom of thought, expression, assembly, and the right for everyone to "conduct their religious affairs".
What is the dominating religion in the world?
What is Moroccan race?
What do Moroccans speak?
Do they speak English in Morocco?
You might be interested: what is the national language of morocco
Did Morocco colonize Spain?
The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate. Spanish protectorate in Morocco.
Spanish Protectorate in Morocco Protectorado español en Marruecos الحماية الإسبانية على المغرب
Capital Tetuán
How did Islam come to Morocco?
Islam was first brought to Morocco in 680 by an Arab invasion under the Uqba ibn Nafi, who was a general serving under the Umayyads of Damascus. In 788, The Zaydi Shia Idrisids ruled large parts of Morocco. After several Berbers formed more powerful Islamic dynasties that reigned over the country.
When did the French occupy Morocco?
March 30, 1912
Where does the name Morocco come from?
The English name Morocco is an anglicisation of the Spanish "Marruecos", from which also derives the Tuscan "Morrocco", the origin of the Italian "Marocco".
Tom Smith
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Travelling Delivery Person
Frederic Edward Xavier runs a very successful delivery company called FredEX. He's been looking at driving records lately, and is not happy with the costs of delivery.
He has made the following estimations:
 - Driving from one intersection to the neighboring one costs $B$ dollars
 - Going straight through an intersection costs $S$ dollars
 - Turning right in an intersection costs $R$ dollars
 - Turning left in an intersection costs $L$ dollars
 - Delivering a package is free, but you still pay the cost for the turn/going straight in that intersection.
FredEX operates in a city where the streets make up an infinite grid of square blocks, with intersections numbered from $(-\infty,-\infty )$ to $(\infty,\infty )$. Lower numbers on the $x$ axis are to the left, and lower numbers on the $y$ axis are down. The truck starts at the intersection $(0, 0)$ but you may choose which direction it should face. There are $N$ packages that must be delivered in a specific order. The truck cannot go in reverse, and cannot perform U-turns to go back the way it came. Help Frederic find out the cheapest way to deliver all $N$ packages.
The first line of the input is a line with five space-separated integers $B$, $S$, $R$, $L$ and $N$.
Then follow $N$ lines, each with two space-separated integers $X_ i$ and $Y_ i$, the $x$ and $y$ coordinates of the intersection for delivering package number $i$. The packages are listed in the order they must be delivered.
Output the minimum cost of delivering all packages.
 - $1 \leq S, R, L, B \leq 100$
 - $1 \leq N \leq 30\, 000$
 - $-5 \leq X_ i, Y_ i \leq 5$
Sample Input 1 Sample Output 1
1 1 1 10 2
2 2
1 2


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Implementing a Plug-In Architecture in C#
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C#, in concert with the underlying.NET platform, provides some powerful features and constructs. Some of what is offered is new, and some is the sincerest form of flattery to the platforms and languages that have come before it. However, the unique combination of features provides some interesting ways to achieve project goals. This article discusses some of the features that can be used to design extensible solutions with the use of plug-ins. It also examines a skeleton example that has the potential to replace the stand-alone applications that are found in many organizations. An organization's application suite usually consists of many targeted solutions to manage data. One application might exist for managing employee information, and another might target customer relationships. Often solutions of this nature are designed as stand-alone applications with little interaction and some duplication of effort. As an alternative, these solutions can be designed as plug-ins that are hosted by a single application. A plug-in design helps to share common functionality between solutions and also provides a common look and feel.
Figure 1 shows a screenshot of the example application. The user interface is similar to many other familiar applications. The window is divided vertically into two panes. The left pane is a tree view used for displaying the list of plug-ins. Under each plug-in branch are branches for the data on which the plug-in operates. The right pane is used for editing plug-in data after it is selected in the tree view. The individual plug-ins provide the user interface for editing the data they contain. It also shows a workspace that might be used by a talent agent. The agent needs to manage his comedic talent and the clubs that they perform in.
Figure 1: The example application
The Big Picture
At the highest level of abstraction, the host application must be able to load plug-ins and then communicate with plug-ins to take advantage of their designed services. Both of these tasks can be implemented in different ways depending on a developer's choice of language and platform. If the choice is C# and.NET, then reflection can be used for loading plug-ins, and interfaces or abstract classes can be used as a means for generic communication.
To help conceptualize the communication that occurs between a host application and a plug-in, the Strategy design pattern can be applied. For the uninitiated, Erich Gamma originally offered design patterns [1]. Design patterns help to communicate commonly used architectures and object strategies. The premise is that while projects differ in their inputs and outputs they are for the most part similar in structure. Design patterns help developers utilize proven object strategies to solve new problems. They can also become the de facto language that developers use to discuss solutions without intimate knowledge of the problem to be solved, or the specific language constructs that will be used. The gist of the Strategy design pattern is to decouple the functionality of a solution from its container. This decoupling is achieved by separating the implementation of the host application and the things it must do into strategies. Communication between the host application and its strategies is then done through a well-defined interface. This separation provides two immediate benefits. First, anytime a software project can be broken down into smaller discrete units, it is a bonus to the engineering process. Smaller code pieces are easier to build and maintain. The second benefit is the ability to switch strategies without affecting the operation of the host application. The host application is not concerned with specific strategies, just the common mechanism to communicate with the strategies.
Creating the Interface
In C#, an interface defines what a class is expected to support. The expectation that an interface defines is a collection of signatures for methods, properties, and events. To use an interface, a concrete class must be defined that implements the interface by defining what each signature does. Listing 1 shows the interface, IPlug, defined in the example application.
Listing 1: The IPlug interface
public interface IPlug
 IPlugData[] GetData();
 PlugDataEditControl GetEditControl(IPlugData Data);
 bool Save(string Path);
 bool Print(PrintDocument Document);
The interface defines four methods: GetData, GetEditControl, Save, and Print. These four method definitions do not define any implementation, but they guarantee that any class that supports the IPlug interface will support the method calls.
Custom Attributes
Before examining any more code, the discussion must turn to custom attributes. Custom attributes are one of the exciting new features that.NET developers can utilize. Attributes are a common construct to all programming languages. For example, the access specifier of a method (public, private, or protected) is an attribute of that method. Custom attributes are exciting because.NET developers are no longer restricted to the set of attributes designed into their programming language of choice. A custom attribute is a class that is derived from System.Attribute and allows the code you write to be self-describing. Custom attributes can be applied to most language constructs in C# including classes, methods, events, fields, and properties. The example code defines two custom attributes, PlugDisplayNameAttribute and PlugDescriptionAttribute, that all plug-ins must support at the class level. Listing 2 is the class definition for PlugDisplayNameAttribute. This attribute is used by the host application as the text to display for the plug-in's tree node. During execution, the host application is able to query the value of attributes by using reflection.
Listing 2: The PlugDisplayNameAttribute class definition
public class PlugDisplayNameAttribute : System.Attribute
 private string _displayName;
 public PlugDisplayNameAttribute(string DisplayName) : base()
 public override string ToString()
 return _displayName;
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Read full entry
Coral snake
Coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes that can be subdivided into two distinct groups, Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes. There are 16 species of Old World coral snake in three genera (Calliophis, Hemibungarus and Sinomicrurus), and over 65 recognized species of New World coral snakes in three genera (Leptomicrurus, Micruroides, and Micrurus). Genetic studies have found that the most basal lineages are Asian, indicating that the group originated in the Old World.[1][2]
North American coloration patterns[edit]
Coral snakes are most notable for their red, yellow/white, and black colored banding. (However, several nonvenomous species have similar coloration, including the scarlet snake, genus Cemophora, some of the kingsnakes and milk snakes, genus Lampropeltis, and the shovelnose snakes, genus Chionactis.) In some regions, the order of the bands distinguishes between the non-venomous mimics and the venomous coral snakes, quite a few mnemonics:
 - "Red on yellow will kill a fellow, but red on black is a friend of Jack."
 - "Red on yellow, deadly fellow; Red on black, venom lack."
 - "Red and yellow will kill you fellow; Red and black is friend Jack."
 - "Red on yellow, kill a fellow. Red on black, you're all right Jack."
 - "Red next to black is a friend of Jack; red next to yellow will kill a fellow."
 - "Red to yellow, kill a fellow. Red to black, venom lack."
 - "If red touches black, you're okay Jack; if red touches yellow, you're a dead fellow."
 - "Red next to black, you can pat him on the back; red next to yellow, he can kill a fellow."
 - "Red next to black, venom I lack; red next to yellow, run away fellow."
 - "Red and black, friend of Jack; red and yellow kill a fellow."
 - "Red touches yellow, not a nice fellow; if red touches black, good friend of Jack."
 - "Red touch yellow, you're a dead fellow; red touch black, you're okay Jack."
 - "Red touch black, good for Jack; red touch yellow, kill a fellow."
 - "Yellow and red, you are dead; black and white you're all right."
 - "Red and black, death you lack; yellow and red, you are dead; black and white, say good night;"
 - "Red touch yellow, kill a fellow; red touch black, venom lack."
 - "Red and yellow, deadly fellow; red and black, friendly Jack."
 - "Red next to yellow, a dangerous fellow."
 - "Red and yellow = Stop and use caution. Just like a stop light."
Instead of poetry, remembering that yellow touches both other colors can indicate a cause for caution. However, this reliably applies only to coral snakes native to North America: Micrurus fulvius (Eastern or common coral snake), Micrurus tener (Texas coral snake), and Micruroides euryxanthus (Arizona coral snake), found in the southern and western United States. Coral snakes found in other parts of the world can have distinctly different patterns, have red bands touching black bands, have only pink and blue banding, or have no banding at all.
Most species of coral snake are small in size. North American species average around 3 feet (91 cm) in length, but specimens of up to 5 feet (150 cm) or slightly larger have been reported. Aquatic species have flattened tails acting as a fin, aiding in swimming.
Coral snake showing typically reclusive behavior of hiding under rotting wood. This one was over 30 inches (76 cm) long, but less than an inch (2.5 cm) across.
Coral snakes vary widely in their behavior, but most are very elusive, fossorial snakes which spend the vast majority of their time buried beneath the ground or in the leaf litter of a rainforest floor, coming to the surface only when it rains or during breeding season. Some species, like Micrurus surinamensis, are almost entirely aquatic and spend most of their lives in slow-moving bodies of water that have dense vegetation.
Like all elapid snakes, coral snakes possess a pair of small fangs to deliver their venom. These fangs, which are enlarged and hollow, deliver their venom to their prey species, feeding mostly on smaller snakes, lizards, frogs, nestling birds, and rodents, etc. The venom takes time to take full effect.[3]
Coral snakes have a tendency to hold on to a victim when biting, unlike vipers, which have retractable fangs and tend to prefer to strike, letting go immediately. Coral snakes are not aggressive or prone to biting and account for less than one percent of the number of snake bites each year in the United States.
Eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius
New World coral snakes exist in the southern range of many temperate U.S. states. Coral snakes are found in scattered localities in the southern coastal plain from North Carolina to Louisiana, including all of Florida. They can be found in pine and scrub oak sandhill habitats in parts of this range but sometimes inhabit hardwood areas and pine flatwoods that undergo seasonal flooding.[4]
There is controversy about the classification of the very similar Texas coral snake as a separate species. Its habitat, in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and sometimes in Oklahoma due to floods in the Red River, is separated from the eastern habitat by the Mississippi River. The coral snake population is most dense in the southeast United States, but coral snakes have been spotted as far north as Kentucky.[5]
The Arizona coral snake, clearly a separate species and genus, is found in central and southern Arizona, extreme southwestern New Mexico and southward to Sinaloa in western Mexico. It occupies arid and semiarid regions in many different habitat types including thornscrub, desert-scrub, woodland, grassland and farmland. It is found in the plains and lower mountain slopes from sea level to 5800 feet (1768 m); often found in rocky areas.[6]
Danger to humans[edit]
New World coral snakes possess one of the most potent venoms of any North American snake. However, relatively few bites are recorded due to their reclusive nature and the fact they generally inhabit sparsely populated areas. According to the American National Institutes of Health, there are an average of 15–25 coral snake bites in the United States each year.[7]
When confronted by humans, coral snakes will almost always attempt to flee, and bite only as a last resort. In addition, coral snakes have short fangs (proteroglyph dentition) that cannot penetrate thick leather clothing. Any skin penetration however, is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Coral snakes have a powerful neurotoxin that paralyzes the breathing muscles; mechanical or artificial respiration, along with large doses of antivenom, are often required to save a victim's life. There is usually only mild pain associated with a bite, but respiratory failure can occur within hours.
Antivenom shortage[edit]
The bite of a coral snake may soon be more dangerous, in part because bites are so uncommon. Production of coral snake antivenom in the United States ceased because it is not profitable. According to Pfizer, the owner of the company that used to make Coralmyn, it would take over $5–$10 million to put toward researching a new synthetic antivenom.[citation needed][clarification needed] The cost was too large for the small number of cases presented each year. The American antivenom stock expired in 2008, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has extended the expiration date every year through at least 2013.[8] Foreign pharmaceutical manufacturers have produced other coral snake antivenoms, but the costs of licensing them in the United States have stalled availability (see above).[9] Instituto Bioclon is developing a coral snake antivenom.[10] In 2013, Pfizer was reportedly working on a new batch of antivenom but had not announced when it would become available.[8]
Old World[edit]
Genus Calliophis[edit]
Main article: Calliophis
Species in this genus are:
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a different genus.
Genus Hemibungarus[edit]
Main article: Hemibungarus
Species in this genus are:
Genus Sinomicrurus[edit]
Main article: Sinomicrurus
Species in this genus are:
New World[edit]
Genus Leptomicrurus[edit]
Genus Micruroides[edit]
Genus Micrurus[edit]
New World coral snakes serve as models for their Batesian mimics, false coral snakes, snake species whose venom is less toxic, as well as for many nonvenomous snake species that bear superficial resemblances to them. The role of coral snakes as models for Batesian mimics is supported by research showing that coral snake color patterns deter predators from attacking snake-shaped prey,[11][12] and that in the absence of coral snakes, species hypothesized to mimic them are indeed attacked more frequently.[13] Species that appear similar to coral snakes include:
 1. ^ Slowinski, J. B. and Keogh J. S


text:
University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT) Tyrol, Austria
An increasing number of people search for health information online. During the last 10 years various researchers have determined the requirements for an ideal consumer health information system. The aim of this study was to figure out, whether medical laymen can find a more accurate diagnosis for a given anamnesis via the developed prototype health information system than via ordinary internet search.
In a randomized controlled trial, the prototype information system was evaluated by the assessment of two sample cases. Participants had to determine the diagnosis of a patient with a headache via information found searching the web. A patient's history sheet and a computer with internet access were provided to the participants and they were guided through the study by an especially designed study website. The intervention group used the prototype information system; the control group used common search engines and portals. The numbers of correct diagnoses in each group were compared.
A total of 140 (60/80) participants took part in two study sections. In the first case, which determined a common diagnosis, both groups did equally well. In the second section, which determined a less common and more complex case, the intervention group did significantly better (P=0.031) due to the tailored information supply.
Using medical expert systems in combination with a portal searching meta-search engine represents a feasible strategy to provide reliable patient-tailored information and can ultimately contribute to patient safety with respect to information found via the internet.
Keywords: Information supply, internet, expert system, meta-search, tailoring, headaches.
open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Eduard Wallnöfer-Zentrum 1, A-6060 Hall in Tyrol, Austria; Tel: +49 9503 504264; Fax: +43 50 86486 73001; E-mail: _EMAIL_


text:
The relaxation complexity rc(X) of the set of integer points X contained in a polyhedron is the minimal number of inequalities needed to formulate a linear optimization problem over X without using auxiliary variables. Besides its relevance in integer programming, this concept has interpretations in aspects of social choice, symmetric cryptanalysis, and machine learning. We employ efficient mixed-integer programming techniques to compute a robust and numerically more practical variant of the relaxation complexity. Our proposed models require row or column generation techniques and can be enhanced by symmetry handling and suitable propagation algorithms. Theoretically, we compare the quality of our models in terms of their LP relaxation values. The performance of those models is investigated on a broad test set and is underlined by their ability to solve challenging instances that could not be solved previously.
View Efficient MIP Techniques for Computing the Relaxation Complexity