text:
The bracketing breakdown: An exploration of risk tolerance in broad and narrow choice frames
MetadataShow full item record
The field of decision making has largely focused on the influence of contextual factors on risk tolerance. Much work has focused on how the problem itself is presented, in hopes of understanding the circumstances under which individuals may be helped in areas of long-term investment and planning through encouragement of greater risk tolerance. Specifically, when making financial decisions, it has been suggested that by presenting individual decisions in groups (Gneezy & Potters, 1997), or by presenting feedback less frequently (Thaler et al, 1997), participants are able to process individual problems in a holistic manner, which encourages risk tolerance when deciding. This literature has typically made claims that these effects are dependent on how the problem is presented. However, evidence for the benefits of "broadly bracketed" problems often relies as much on the presentation of aggregated outcomes as it relies on the grouping of problems. The purpose of this thesis was to further examine whether bracketing effects might be attributable to manipulations of problem framing or outcome framing. In addition, it has been suggested that perhaps individuals who differ in processing styles might respond differentially to framing effects in general (Frederick, 2005). That is, perhaps individuals who are more intuitive decision makers might be more susceptible to context-based changes, and so might show larger framing effects. Deliberative decision makers, on the other hand, might overcome these framing effects by reflecting on, or actively "reframing", the problem. A secondary purpose of this thesis was thus to investigate individual differences in the magnitude of the bracketing effect on risk tolerance. In Experiment 1, problem and outcome bracketing were examined in the domain of discrete choices, while in Experiment 2, bracketing was examined with continuous iv investments. Results suggest that when investment opportunities are identical, problem framing encourages long-term risk tolerance. However, when choices are somewhat different from one another, as is often the case in real-world investment situations, outcome information is critical to encouraging long-term risk tolerance. Together, results suggest a critical reevaluation of the bracketing hypothesis and its application to long-term investment.
Cite this work
Ester Moher (2009). The bracketing breakdown: An exploration of risk tolerance in broad and narrow choice frames. UWSpace. _URL_


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Hollywood siren invented key phone tech TRUE
New book reveals Hedy Lamarr's contribution to Wi-Fi, CDMA
Here's a fascinating notion: that sultry Hollywood sex goddess Hedy Lamarr invented radio technology employed by every mobile phone in use today.
The tech in question is the notion of spread-spectrum frequency hopping, a concept devised by Lamarr during World War II after learning German U-Boats had sunk a cruise ship and drowned 90 British schoolkids.
Lamarr grew up in Vienna - as Hedwig Kiesler - the daughter of a banker with an interest in all things technological. His interest rubbed off on his offspring, but rather than pursue a techical career - probably impossible in that era - Lamarr became an actress.
Hedy Lamarr in The Conspirators (1944)
Her plan: to create a radio guidance system for torpedoes that could be used to sink submarines. She foresaw high flying aircraft firing off torpedoes and steering them toward enemy warships.
To prevent the signal from being jammed by the target, Lamarr figured that the communication between aircraft and torpedo would rapidly jump from one frequency to another. Jamming would affect the signal only briefly before the signal frequency changed and both controller and controlled weapon would be communicating again.
Lamarr and Antheil's mechansim, from US Patent 2,292,387
According to author Richard Rhodes, who details the story in a new book, Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World, Lamarr knew of a pianist and mechanics boffin named George Antheil. His contribution to the story: devising a way to keep the radios within the aircraft and the torpedo synchronised while the frequency changed.
Lamarr and Antheil received US Patent 2,292,387 for a "Secret Communications System" in 1942. Antheil worked out that a consistent, pseudorandom frequency hop sequence could be generated using the engine from an automatic player-piano.
Lamarr and Antheil pitched the plan to the US military but the notion proved impossible to realise with the technology of the time, and so it was never put to use attacking enemy submarines.
But the concept of frequency hopping would later find use in wireless networking, allowing Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and cellular communications where the technique is used to overcome interference. It's the basis of the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) mobile phone system. ®
Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World is published by Doubleday & Co, and is available in e-book and hardback.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What is the origin of the phrase shit-eating grin? How did it come to mean showing smugness or self-satisfaction of an individual's actions?
From the Urban Dictionary:
...these uses are documented in the Oxford English Dictionary no earlier than 1957
There have been similar expressions used quite far back:
In Book XXI of his History of Rome, Livy describes a Carthaginian sect of coprophages, the risus faecivorus, or shit-eating grin, being commonly displayed by its adherents.
Although, its origin is undetermined, they may have been incidents which caused the invention of this phrase. Below is an excerpt:
"1944 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. XCIX. 959 Among demented patients in advanced stages of their illness,..it is not rare to see some of them grasp their own feces, chew them and eat them often with great pleasure and satisfaction (coprophagia).
 - I can recall, about 40 years ago, hearing some nurses who worked at a hospital for mentally disabled discuss various traits of patients, including the eating of feces. So there may indeed be a literal connection. – Hot Licks Mar 6 at 23:07
 - The quote about Livy XXI is pure hogwash -- you shouldn't believe everything you read in the Urban Dictionary! – Gareth Rees Mar 18 at 15:35
The phrase in slang dictionaries
The earliest slang dictionary coverage of the expression that I've been able to find is from Robert Chapman, New Dictionary of American Slang (1986), which offers this entry:
shit-eating grin n phr An expression of satisfaction; a gloating look: Go ahead, sit there with that shit-eating grin on your face—Earl Thompson/ stood there with a smug shiteating grin on his face—Fingered City
Nine years later, Robert Chapman & Barbara Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, third edition (1995) changes that basic definition only slightly:
shit-eating (or turd-eating) grin n phr by 1960s An expression of smug satisfaction; a stupid gloating look: [citations omitted]
Jonathon Green, Chambers Slang Dictionary (2008) provides a similar interpretation:
shit-eating grin n. (also cat-eating grin, crud-eating grin, shit-eating smile) {[from] shit-eating [1940s+, "1 a general term of disparagement 2 sly, duplicitous 3 toadying, subservient"} {1950s+} (orig. US) a smug, self-satisfied smile.
On the other hand, Tom Dalzell & Terry Victor, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006) counters with this rather different entry:
shit-eating grin noun a broad smile, ingratiating and unctuous US, 1957 [Citations omitted.]
The Earl Thompson quotation in Chapman's 1986 dictionary seems likely to come from his novel A Garden of Sand (1971), while The Fingered City (1975) is a book by Denison Hatch. If these dates are correct, neither instance that Chapman cites is particularly close to the earliest reported occurrences in print of "shit-eating grin."
Early instances of'shit-eating grin' and allied phrases, 1957–1961
The earliest confirmed matches for the phrase that I've been able to find in various database searches are from the period 1957–1961. I think it's worthwhile to consider several less taboo versions of the expression from this same period, since these may be instances of censorship-enforced euphemism. Readers can judge for themselves whether these are in fact euphemisms or simply weakly related (or totally unrelated) similar-looking phrases.
From Len Giovannitti, The Prisoners of Combine D (1957) [combined snippets]:
Both men looked up from their potato-peeling job as Bob Rawlins came into the combine and sat down on the bench opposite. He had a a queer grin on his face and Storch and Zukerman knew he was set to spring the latest rumor. Rawlins was the hottest fighter pilot ever born; he was also from Texas. Everybody knew this two seconds after meeting him; and three seconds after meeting him, everyone knew he was the biggest liar ever born. He loved rumors, good or bad, and spent his days living on each new one he heard or could dream up.
"Okay, what's the shit-eating grin for? What's up now?" Storch asked, winking at Zukerman.
Rawlins kept the grin. "You mean you ain't heard?"
"No, we ain't heard, so tell us before you choke," Storch said.
The expression here could very well mean "self-satisfied grin," although it is not altogether clear what sort of "queer grin" the author actually imagines is playing on the character's face. It seems entirely possible that the aspect of the grin that the author is focusing on in this passage is its artificiality, unnaturalness, or forcedness.
From Gene Brown, The Locust Fire (1957) [combined snippets]:
"'Hold up there, Tom," says Pappy.
"The colonel stops like he's been shot in the back. He's a damn fine figure of a man, especially in the dress pinks, with them squared-off shoulders. 'Well?' he says.
" Old Pappy walks around in front of him. I guess the colonel got a good whiff of the juice, because he kind of sways back on his heels. But Pappy steps up close, with a big dirt-eating grin on his face, and starts running his hands up and down the lapels. Then he flicks a little imaginary dust off the colonel's epaulets and moves back a pace. "That's a real pretty suit, Tom,' he says. 'Ain't it a pity all these poor hungry boys here can't be wearing one just like it?'"
Whatever the "dirt-eating grin" looks like here, a grin of satisfaction or gloating doesn't fit the context particularly well. Pappy is drunk, so his grin may be good-humored in a sloshed way, or it may be simply goofy, or it may be inappropriately familiar. Certainly, his conduct is insubordinate and highly offensive to the colonel.
From Hubert Selby, Last Exit to Brooklyn (1957):
He [Spook] picked up a old police bike for few bucks and fixed it up. You know, threw some paint on it and stole a wildass buddyseat all covered with fur and chrome, and was fulla piss and vinegar ta go. We toldim ta play it cool and relax and celebrate Tommys marriage. But he flipped when someone tried ta get that goddamn hat off his head so we said OK, wed go downstairs and look at his bike. So we looked. Big deal. Yaknow, when the cops is finished with a bike, man, its had it. But it was a bike and it moved. I think that sonofabitch woulda used it even if he had ta push it or pedal it like a kiddy car. So he kicks it over after 5 minutes and we listen to it cough and miss and Spook went puttin off with a shiteatin grin on his face and we went back up stairs and a few minutes later he comes back. Smilin all over the goddamn place and the strap of his hat under his chin. I tellya man, it was a pissa.
This is may be the 1957 quotation that most sources have in mind when they date "shit-eating grin" to 1957, although it is not the only instance from that year (as noted bove). Still, the sense of the phrase aligns reasonably well with the definition in Dalzell & Victor: "a broad smile, ingratiating and unctuous"—with the "broad smile" part, anyway.
From Evan Hunter, Strangers When We Met (1958):
Altar was smiling, but the smile was a crud-eating one, and Larry's years in the service had taught him to recognize the crud-eating grin and to know what it usually preceded. He felt himself stiffening.
"Sit down," Altar said. "Want a drink?"
"No." Belatedly, he added. "Thanks."
"Well, sit down anyway."
"Sure." Larry sat in the easy chair to the left of the bar unit, facing the blue couch upon which Altar still sprawled.
"I don't like to do this," Altar said. "I don't like it when it's done to me, and Christ knows it's done often enough. But I think there's a difference here, and if I'm wrong I'll apologize. Can I talk to you like man, Larry? Or do I have to give you the schmaltz?"
Here, the "crud-eating grin" seems to be a kind of grimace of forced conviviality preceding the imparting of bad news (in this case, the bad news is that Altar thinks that Larry's rough sketches "stink").
From Thomas Williams, Town Burning (1959):
"...A man killed my dog, that's all I know! Daisy, she was the sweetest little dog you ever see. She never hurt nobody, except rabbits. She was all hell on rabbits. Shot forty rabbits front of Daisy one year. I damn near lived on rabbits that year. You ought to heard Daisy on


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. The end of a long bone that is originally separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage but later becomes united to the main bone through ossification.
- n. See pineal gland.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. In anatomy: A part or process of bone which has its own center of ossification separate from the main center of the shaft or body of the bone, and which therefore only gradually joins the rest of the bone by the progress of ossification: so called because it grows upon the body of the bone. Thus, the end of a long bone, as the humerus or femur, has for a while a gristly cap of cartilage, which ossifies separately from one or several ossific centers, and finally coössifies with the shaft. An epiphysis is properly distinguished from an apophysis, or mere bony process or outgrowth without independent ossific center, being always autogenous or endogenous, and not merely exogenous; but the distinction is not always observed, especially as a completed and coossified epiphysis cannot be recognized as such with certainty. See cut under
- n. Some part or organ that grows upon or to another.
- n. A small superior piece of each half of an alveolus of a sea-urchin, united below to its own half of the alveolus, joined to its fellow of the other half of the same alveolus, and connected by the rotula with the epiphysis of another alveolus. See lantern of Aristotle, under lantern.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which ossifies separately from the central portion, or
- n. The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See Pineal gland, under pineal.
- n. a small endocrine gland in the brain; situated beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; secretes melatonin
- n. the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
- Greek epiphusis, an excrescence : epi-, epi- + phusis, growth; see bheuəin Indo-European roots. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"Veeramani made her way through the earlier rounds Friday night, spelling "epiphysis" and "juvia" with ease."
"Our expert team treats hip disorders and deformities such as hip dysplasia and dislocation, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, infection and chondrolysis."
"It was the newest rod available, and it threaded into the epiphysis, whatever that was, which kept it from migrating, like the older rods used to."
"A radial epiphysis the growth ends of the other forearm bone."
"He argued that the "worm-like appendage" [epiphysis or apophysis] of the cerebellum (nowadays known as the vermis superior cerebelli) is much better qualified to play this role (KÃ¼hn 1822, pp. 674-683; May 1968, vol. 1, pp. 418-423)."
"The vertebrae on the inside are regularly placed upon one another, but behind they are connected by a cartilaginous ligament; they are articulated in the form of synarthrosis at the back part of the spinal marrow; behind they have a sharp process having a cartilaginous epiphysis, whence proceeds the roots of nerves running downward, as also muscles extending from the neck to the loins, and filling the space between the ribs and the spine."
"Sometimes the epiphysis is displaced, and sometimes there is displacement (diastasis) of the one bone from the other."
"The head of the humerus is articulated with its (glenoid?) cavity, by means of a small ligament, and it consists of a rounded epiphysis composed of spongy cartilage, the humerus itself is bent outward and forward, and it is articulated with its (glenoid?) cavity by its side, and not in a straight line."
"When the foot is dislocated, either alone, or with the epiphysis, the displacement is more apt to be inward."
"And the cases in which the articular cavity has been broke off, and in which the ligament has been torn, and in which the epiphysis has broken in which, and how, when the limb consists of two bones, one or both are broken: in consequence of these the dangers, chances in which bad, and when the injuries will result in death, and when in recovery."
These user-created lists contain the word 'epiphysis'.
"Luciferous Logolepsy is a collection of over 9,000 obscure English words. Though the definition of an 'English' word might seem to be straightforward, it is not. There exist so many adopted, deriv...
Terms relating to the human body, primarily in osteology.
epiopi- where it is at; also connected virtually or otherwise
Work-related words.. It can have anything to do with human anatomy, linguistics, academic social structures, or archaeological artefacts.
Looking for tweets for epiphysis.


text:
Looking for Cramster? Cramster is now Chegg Homework Help. Learn More
Fringe width in wavelength and frequency of a Fabry-Perot resonator for a laser given reflectance and distance of seperation.
The mirrors of a Fabry-Perot resonator for a laser are coated to give a reflectance of 0.99 and they are separated a distance of 1 m. Find the value of the fringe width in wavelength and in frequency at a wavelength of 633 nm.


Mensa experts say a simple test could show whether you have a genius-level IQ, even if you think you are terrible at maths.,
Most people think that Mensa members and people who have high IQs, need to know complex maths - such as algebra, algorithms and calculus.
But Mensa has provided one very simple maths puzzle that shows you could be gifted even if maths is not your thing.
If you take a test to join Mensa you would find it only includes basic arithmetic such as adding, subtracting and multiplication, and numbers only appear in Mensa tests for the purposes of pattern recognition.
Ann Clarkson, a spokesperson for Mensa, said: "People always assume high intelligence and maths correlate. Actually, they don't.
"There are a lot of Mensa members who will tell you they are rubbish at maths – and there are a lot who are very good at maths.
"I think the problem arises because people see maths puzzles which are labelled as 'IQ tests' and assume that to score highly on an IQ test you need maths.
"In reality, a genuine IQ test doesn't have maths in it, beyond very basic arithmetic. An IQ tests assesses logic, pattern recognition and speed of thought, not learned knowledge.
"There are often numbers in an IQ test, but they are generally there just to test the ability to recognise sequences and patterns quickly."
Can you work out this Mensa test?
Giving an example of Mensa tests with numbers, Ann said: "If a Mensa question asked you to find the missing number in this sequence: 1, 3, 6, 10? 21 28, the only'maths' you would need to know is the number order, and the number of missing numbers between each one.
"So, there are two numbers between 1 and 3, three between 3 and six, four between six and 10 and so on, so the missing number is 15."
This is a simplistic example, but it shows how IQ tests shouldn't test learned knowledge.
London-based graphic designer Katja Koggelmann has a Mensa IQ score of 142, said: "I am really bad with numbers. I am okay at basic maths but with anything more complicated I find it hard. I can work things out to solve equations but find it very hard and have to really concentrate.
"For some people when they're confronted with a maths issue their brain activity goes up, but with others it goes down and they get stressed.
"Some things don't translate in your head, I am better with words. You are not stupid if your brain has a glitch in maths."


Asked by: Lorretta Castromil
asked in category: General Last Updated: 2nd March, 2020
Where can I get blueprints for a house?
Click to see full answer.
Considering this, are building blueprints public record?
A blueprint is a map of a building. It ties the concept of design to the details required to erect a structure. Once the blueprints have been filed by the contractor with the municipality building department, these building plans are public records and technically attainable by anyone wanting to view them.
Beside above, how much does it cost to have blueprints drawn up? Blueprints are typically created by a draftsperson using CAD software, with some assistance from an architect. For this example, we'll look at the cost of getting blueprints for a two story, 1000 square foot addition. The average cost is $1200-$1500.
Consequently, is it cheaper to buy or build a house?
Where is the best place to find house plans?
6 of the Best Websites For Home Plans
 - Builder House Plans.
 - Dream Home Source.
 - House Plan Shop.
 - The House Plans Guide.
 - Floorplanner.
36 Related Question Answers Found
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Are building permits public information?
Do you need blueprints to build a house?
How do I check my house permits?
Can you build a house for under 50k?
Is it a bad time to buy a house?
How much would it cost to build a 1500 square foot home?
Can you build a house for 200k?
Can you build a house for under 100k?
Is it hard to get a loan to build a house?


text:
Publications – journal articles:
Emma Kerr with Jane Whittle
Emma details the timeline of events on Shackleton's Endurance Expedition and considers ways in which these can be explored in the classroom.
Geography is the glue!
Building on a previous article, Emma models examples from and interconnected learning experience that uses Antarctica, Ernest Shackleton's 1914-17 'Endurance' Expedition and extreme Polar environments as the 'geography glue'.
A series of 6 lessons based on Geographical Enquiry, linked to Shackleton's Endurance Expeditions has been written by Emma for the RGS. It is due to be published on-line in early 2015 and is entitled 'Exploring Shackleton's Antarctica'.
'Exploring Shackleton's Antarctica':
The aim of the module is to develop an enquiry on the Polar region of Antarctica focusing on Shackleton's 1914–17 Endurance Expedition. This sequence of lesson plans will demonstrate geographical based, hands-on, cross-curricular activities such as role play to nurture pupils' fascination with and curiosity about this significant global locality, remote landscape and extreme environment.
Proven case studies linked to this topic demonstrate how these lessons engage pupils in the geographical skills of developing knowledge within a context and define the physical and human characteristics and processes of a locality. Pupils will progress with their atlas skills, interpreting a range of sources of geographical information and be provided with opportunities to communicate their findings in a variety of ways. The lesson activities develop geographical and context specific vocabulary and literacy through a series of re-iterative activities that expect pupils to develop and use language in a context-specific way. Moreover, opportunities for cross-curricular subject links will be suggested as a starting point to embed this topic to create a half term or full term's worth of work. In addition children will be offered opportunities to write at length within this geographical context.
Talks & Conferences:
Geographical Association Annual Conference and Exhibition 2014, University of Surrey, Wednesday 16th April: Teaching about the Antarctic (KS1–3) 'Based on an enquiry focusing on Shackleton's 1914–17 Endurance Expedition, this session will demonstrate hands-on cross-curricular activities such as role play to nurture pupils' fascination with, and curiosity about, this remote landscape and extreme environment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Grace (Human)
111,728pages on
this wiki
Biographical information
Frozen moon[1]
c. 32 ABY[1]
Physical description
Hair color
Chronological and political information
"What's your name?"
―Khedryn Faal and Grace[src]
Grace was a female Human, and one of two daughters of Hunter and Alpha, two Force-sensitive clones produced on a frozen moon in the Unknown Regions. Born around 32 ABY, Grace lived with her parents and nine other clones secretly produced by the Galactic Empire under the rule of Grand Admiral Thrawn. These clones, along with their offspring, called themselves the Community. All the clones, except Soldier, were afflicted by a life-threatening sickness which they passed on to their children, including Grace. The symptoms of the sickness were accelerated in 41 ABY, when the Community escaped the moon and flew through a cloud of Lignan, an ore that intensified the effects of the dark side of the Force.
Hoping to acquire medicine to counteract the sickness's symptoms, the Community flew to the planet Fhost, where the clone named Soldier carried an unconscious Grace through a medical center and hijacked a medical supply ship. They then left Fhost in search of Mother, a Rakatan entity worshiped by the Community. Along the way, the supply ship was attacked by the Umbaran Nyss Nenn, who was working for the One Sith. Nenn killed Grace's mother, along with the clone Runner, and the clones took their ship to a star system to find Mother. Upon the Community's arrival, Mother possessed the body of the clone Seer and attempted to kill Grace and Soldier. After Nenn was killed by the Jedi Jaden Korr, Grace and Soldier escaped the system using the Umbaran's starship and went in search of a new home.
"Only Grace will live to see Mother."
The female Human Grace was born around 32 ABY to Alpha and Hunter, two Force-sensitive clones produced in secret by the Galactic Empire under the regime of Grand Admiral Thrawn. Alpha and Hunter were bred by doctors in an Imperial research facility on a frozen moon in the Unknown Regions, where they and several other clones, collectively known as the Community, killed the doctors and took control of the facility. The clones suffered from a sickness that contributed to clone madness and would eventually kill them if not properly treated with a medicine known as Metacycline. When Hunter gave birth to Grace and her sister Blessing, she passed the sickness on to her daughters, who suffered its effects worse than the clones.[1]
The Community waited on the frozen moon for several years in the hopes of hijacking a starship that could take them to Mother, an entity that communicated to them through the clone Seer.[1] In 41 ABY, that wish was granted when the Jedi Knight named Jaden Korr arrived on the moon after encountering the Sith dreadnaught Harbinger. Korr landed on the moon, stalked by One Sith agent Kell Douro. Korr discovered the clones and dueled with Alpha, eventually killing him. Douro was later killed by Korr's companion, the spacer Khedryn Faal, and the Community used Douro's CloakShape fighter Predator to escape the moon.[2] In the moon's atmosphere, the fighter passed through a cloud of Lignan ore caused by the destruction of the Harbinger. The ore granted the Force-sensitive members of the Community greater power in the use of the dark side of the Force, but it also accelerated the effects of the sickness. When the Community fell into agony from the sickness's symptoms, Soldier, a clone of Jaden Korr and the only member of the Community who did not suffer from the sickness, injected Grace and the others with Metacycline. He then suggested the Community head to the planet Fhost, where he hoped they could acquire more of the ingredients necessary for Metacycline. Along the way, Blessing died from the sickness, as did Gift, another child of the Community's clones. Grace and her mother both survived the journey, but were unconscious. After Soldier injected Grace with a shot of adrenaline, he, Seer, and the clone Runner headed to Fhost's capital city, Farpoint, in a landspeeder, taking the unconscious Grace and Hunter with them. The Community went to the Farpoint Medical Center, and, after a confrontation with Jaden Korr, hijacked a supply ship and took Korr's companion Faal hostage after knocking him unconscious.[1]
Grace reacted well to the medication Soldier gave her, and she regained consciousness aboard the supply ship. Faal later awoke inside the ship's cockpit, where he met Grace. As she smiled at him, he stuck his tongue out at her, causing her to giggle. He was then interrogated by the clones, and, after gleaning what information Faal knew, the clones agreed to kill the spacer. Runner took him to the ship's airlock to eject him into space, but the clone was killed by the Umbaran Nyss Nenn, who had sneaked aboard the ship. Nenn allowed Faal to live with the intention of trading him for Korr, and used a pair of flexcuffs to restrain the spacer to a crossbar in the ship's corridors. Grace, who had sneaked away from the cockpit, later found Faal and helped free him by giving him a knife. She then fled as her Metacycline began to wear off and the symptoms of the sickness worsened, causing her skin to bulge and roil as it distorted her facial features. Faal considered fleeing the ship in an escape pod, but resolved instead to do everything he could to help Grace.[1]
Hunter regained consciousness and went out looking for Grace, but she too encountered Nenn, who killed her with his crossbow. The Umbaran then went to the cockpit to capture Soldier. As he stood outside the cockpit, hoping to surprise Soldier and Seer, Grace spotted him and screamed, alerting the clones. Nenn tried to throw a vibroblade at her, but she ran away before he could. As Soldier fought with the Umbaran, Grace ran to a turbolift and took it down to the floor where she had found Faal. Faal, waiting at the lift several floors down, was prepared to see the Umbaran or a clone inside the lift, and nearly attacked Grace when she emerged. Instead, he comforted the frightened girl, who told him about the situation at the cockpit.[1]
Personality and traitsEdit
"Where is Runner?"
"I don't know. What's your name?"
"I'm glad he didn't hurt you."
―Grace and Khedryn Faal[src]
While often very shy when attention was on her, the red-haired Grace could be very outgoing, even to strangers. When Khedryn Fall was knocked unconscious and taken aboard the Community's hijacked supply ship, Grace immediately interacted with him when he awoke, smiling at him and giggling when he stuck his tongue out in return. Despite the girl's unusual upbringing, Faal remarked to himself that she behaved like any little girl in the galaxy. She was often kind to everyone around her; although Soldier was often the target of cruelty and violence from the rest of the Community, Grace was open and loving toward him, and Soldier cared deeply for her and the other children despite feeling apathetic toward the other clones. Grace's kindness extended even to Faal, whom she hardly knew, and she expressed to him her happiness when she saw that Runner had not harmed him. Despite being frightened when Faal nearly attacked her with a knife, she remained kind to him and giggled at his jokes.[1]
Behind the scenesEdit
The clones of the Community were first introduced in Crosscurrent, a 2010 novel written by Paul S. Kemp. Jaden Korr remarks in the novel that the clones may have had offspring, which was proven true in Crosscurrent's 2011 sequel, Riptide, in which Grace makes her first appearance.
Notes and referencesEdit
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code will stop and control is given to you. Then we want to run in debug mode. If I set no break points, execution simply runs is normal. What's at a break point in temperature and Celsius text. So the two main controls you want to keep in mind our step over and step into would step over. You skip to the next line would step into. You're saying you want to go inside the method that is being executed. You're interested in what's going on inside. I noticed that when going inside a function, I could see what got me there in the call stack. Notice that when stepping in the code, you can see the variables. See, this one is undefined, but once I take a step, it has a value. We can also evaluate an expression in the context of the point we're in. We can excess variables, we can call methods, and we can execute statements. Note that I'm using the mountain buttons to make this clearer. In real life, we would always prefer using shortcuts for all these operations as we will use that the bugger every day. We want to be efficient doing it. So I would start to the bugger with Control D and then use have seven to step into the code and F eight to step over it. Let's set another break point and run to the bugger I would use. Command options are to continue the execution until the next break point. You can do all F eight to evaluate an expression to help you remember these shortcuts. You can always hover the button on intelligence to get a hint of what the shortcut is. So let's try similar techniques and visual studio code so that you can see that what you learned is mostly independent from the code editor you're using. Let's start by configuring the debunker for no jazz visual studio code ships with the no GST bugger preinstalled. So enabling it is a simple is going to the debug panel and clicking the gear icon. This creates a new file launched out Jason with the required configuration. Now let's set some break points. As you can see, this is very similar to intelligent. Go back to the debug panel and launched to the bugger we stopped in the first break point. And as you can see, we have access to the variables we have access to the coal Steck. Also, we have a break point section where we can total two break points. Additionally, we have a controls bar it has controls for. Continue step over, step into step out of the method. Colt, restart and stop. Let's try it out and step over and continue to the next break point. Variables and expressions can also be evaluated and watched in the watch section, and they will update as the code gets executed. In this lesson, you learn how to use to the bugger instead of print to debug your code. Specifically, you learn to set break points, step into code and step over lines of code. Also continue executing until the next break point. Finally, you learn to evaluate expressions in the context of the line you are in. Besides these examples there other tools your code editor might provide so you can debug your code as a course project. You can explore the other ways your code editor supports and share one with the community. 8. Aliases and Functions: We've talked a lot about speeding up your programming by saving keystrokes in her code editor. One other place where you might find yourself a lot in is the command line. Often a lot of commands you need to write are long and hard to remember. This is where aliases come in. Aliases are abbreviations you can create to run long commands. There are time consuming to type and hard to remember to do something. We're powerful. You can also use functions. This class example is a very specific for Mac. It is outside the scope of this video to apply these techniques in other operating systems, like windows. But you can do similar things and windows if you look for them. The goal is more to show you how you can use this technique and why it is useful. But try this out. Go into your terminal. I navigate a lot through the terminal, and one thing I find myself doing is going up with directory with the change of that right to recommend, like so I wish this was shorter. So let's create an alias for that by typing alias not not equals CD not dot Change that referee to documents. Now I can do the thought and I will move up one directory. Let's also end an alias for clear alias C equals clear and let's clear this, So just type c enter and this clears everything. I also like to open files in the sublime text editor, but it is quite annoying to always have to type open minus a sublime text so we can create an A list for that as well. Alias Sublime equals open minus a sublime text. Now we can do sublime in the name of the file and this opens the file in sublime. But as I mentioned before, these are temporary aliases that disappear once you close the tap, they exist on Lee for this session. So if I open a new tab, they will not work there. In order to persist aliases, you have to save them in configuration file. You're probably using bash, which is the full shell for my CO s. So you would go to the file dot Bashar See, I personally use dizzy show. This is a UNIX shell that is built on top of bash with additional features. I recommend you install dizzy show as well as Oh my seashell, which is an open source, community driven framework for managing your Z shell configuration. And I turn to which is a better terminal. I will have a link to this document in the class material that will tell you how to install these tools if you choose to. But anyway, you don't need this to create aliases. The only difference here is that the configuration file for Bash and seashell are different. So for bash you open. Like I said before dot Boesch RC And for seashell, you open the file dot z s h r c. As you can see, we already have a lot of aliases and the seashell configuration file. I have some forget, for example, which I use a lot. I like this one a lot. Get status which is quite useful. Let's have the ones we created before Alias for CD Alias for opening sublime and then a lease for clearing. Now, if I go to the terminal, this will not work. This is because the configuration is loaded Onley in the beginning. So if we open a new tab, it will work in that one. We can also have functions which could be a lot more powerful than aliases. For example, I have a server function to start a server. It takes the port where the server should run on as an optional argument. You can see that this saves me a lot of writing and memorizing. So if I go into the terminal, I can run server in the Port 3004. Now let's go for a more complex scenario. So you really understand the power of functions. Sometimes I'm starting a server, and it fails because the port is already in use. So we open a new tab and do server 3004 again. It fails with the dress already in use now, I would want to find out which process is running on that port. There is a command to this else. Off stands for list open files. You can list all the network connections open by using the minus the flag. Now you can list the processes which are listening on a particular port, but it was in colon. In typing the port number from the result, I can take the process I d and kill the process running on that port would kill minus nine. Process i. D. This is a lot of work for something I do so often we can create a function for this. Let's head one I found online. This function will take the port is an argument and kill the process running on that port. We're finding the process I d running on the port with else off. We're piping the output of this and searching it. Then with ex hearts, it converts input from standard input into arguments to the kill minus nine. Command note that I did not create this function. You don't have to reinvent the wheel if you need a function for a purpose that is common enough, like killing a server running on a port. You can go for that, and odds are you'll find something that suits your needs. Now let's use our function. Kill Port 3004. Now we can run else off again, and we can confirm that there is no process running on Port 3004 and I can start the server again. Server 3004. Now that the address is no longer in use in this lesson, you learned how to create an persist, Avis is and functions to streamline your work in the terminal. If you're using Bash Creator aliases in dot Bashar see if you're using Z shell. Create your aliases in adult Zs. HRC. After creating your alias or function, don't forget you need to restart the session before you can try them out. As of course project, you can create your own alias or function and share the result. With your fellow students, you can add a brief description of how this saves you time. 9. Conclusion: In order to become a professional developer, you need to learn techniques such as the ones I talked to in this course. Never getting code needs to be fast. Programming needs to become efficient and you need to be great at debunking. Now you need to practice on your own in order to consolidate your learning. At first you will resist applying these techniques. The important thing is to be persistent and keep practising. Used these techniques


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This is an unproven proposition I've come across in multiple places.
Suppose $A$ is a commutative Noetherian ring, and $S$ a multiplicative subset of $A$. Then $S^{-1}A$ is Noetherian.
Why is this? I thought about taking some chain of submodules $$ S^{-1}M_1\subset S^{-1}M_2\subset\cdots $$ and pulling back to a chain $$ M_1\subset M_2\subset\cdots $$ of submodules of $A$ which must eventually stablize. Is there more to it than this? I kind of wary of assuming all submodules of $S^{-1}A$ have form $S^{-1}M$ for $M\leq A$.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This is a standard property of localizations:
Theorem. Let $R$ be a commutative ring, and let $S\neq\emptyset$ be a multiplicative subset. Let $M$ be an $R$-module. Let $\varphi\colon R\to S^{-1}R$ be the canonical map ($\varphi(r) = \frac{rs}{s}$), and likewise, by abuse of notation, let $\varphi\colon M\to S^{-1}M$ be the natural map $(\varphi(m) = \frac{sm}{s}$ with $s\in S$).
 1. For every submodule $N$ of $M$, $S^{-1}N = \{\frac{a}{s}\mid a\in N\}$ is a submodule of $S^{-1}M$.
 2. If $L$ is a submodule of $S^{-1}M$, then $\varphi^{-1}(L) = \{m\in M\mid \varphi(m)\in L\}$ is a submodule of $M$.
 3. If $N$ is a submodule of $M$, then $N\subseteq \varphi^{-1}(S^{-1}N)$. Moreover, if $N=\varphi^{-1}(L)$ for some submodule $L$ of $M$, then $L=S^{-1}N$.
Proof. $S^{-1}N$ is nonempty, as it contains $\frac{0}{s}$; it is closed under differences, since $\frac{a}{s}-\frac{b}{t} = \frac{ta-sb}{st}\in S^{-1}N$ if $a,b\in N$. And it is closed under scalar multiplication, since $a\in N$ implies $ra\in N$ for all $r\in R$, so $\frac{r}{t}(\frac{a}{s}) = \frac{ra}{ts}\in S^{-1}N$ if $a\in N$.
Now let $L$ be a submodule of $S^{-1}M$; since $\varphi$ is a module homomorphism, the pullback of a submodule is a submodule, so 2 is immediate.
Again, let $N$ be a submodule of $M$. Then for every $a\in N$ we have $\varphi(a) = \frac{sa}{s}\in S^{-1}N$, since $sa\in N$, hence $a\in \varphi^{-1}(S^{-1}N)$. Now assume that $N=\varphi^{-1}(L)$. If $a\in N$ and $s\in S$, then $\frac{a}{s} = \frac{ssa}{sss} = \frac{s}{ss}\frac{sa}{s} =\frac{s}{ss}\varphi(a)\in L$ (since $\varphi(a)\in L$), hence $S^{-1}N\subseteq L$. Conversely, let $\frac{m}{t}\in L$. Then $\frac{tt}{t}\frac{m}{t} = \frac{(tt)m}{tt}=\varphi(m)\in L$, hence $m\in \varphi^{-1}(L) = N$; thus, $\frac{m}{t}\in S^{-1}N$, proving that $L\subseteq S^{-1}N$. Therefore, $L=S^{-1}N$, as claimed. $\Box$
Corollary. Every submodule of $S^{-1}M$ is of the form $S^{-1}N$ for some submodule $N$ of $M$.
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Thanks, these properties and the detail are very helpful. – Buble Feb 18 '12 at 23:28
_USER_ I swear to god I've learned so much from your posts on Math.SE :D – user38268 Feb 19 '12 at 1:00
Let $f\colon A \to S^{-1}A$ be the canonical homomorphism. It is true that every ideal $\mathfrak b$ of $S^{-1}A$ is of the form $S^{-1}\mathfrak a = f(\mathfrak a)(S^{-1}A)$ for some ideal $\mathfrak a$ of $A$. We can even take $\mathfrak a = f^{-1}(\mathfrak b)$, and this should help you prove that $S^{-1}A$ is Noetherian using increasing chains.
You can find related facts in and around Proposition 6.4 of Milne.
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Thanks for your help again, Dylan. btw, should it say some ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of $A$? in the second line, not $S^{-1}A$? – Buble Feb 18 '12 at 23:27
_USER_ Yes indeed. I was toying with the wording and this mixup, inevitably, happened. – Dylan Moreland Feb 18 '12 at 23:47
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Max C. Fleischmann College of Agriculture. Agricultural Experiment Station
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Identifier: AC 0239
Abstract In 1887, when the Hatch Act provided federal funds, the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station was created by the Board of Regents. From the beginning, there was an emphasis on experimental work and extension services. It expanded its services under the Adams Act in 1906, and in 1925 the Purnell Fund was established for the further endowment of the experiment stations. The collections contains records of the Agricultural Experiment Station and agricultural issues. The majority of the...


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To create a vanity URL, you need to have a domain connected to your Rebrandly account. You can do this by purchasing a domain directly through our site, or by connecting a domain you already own.
Please note, you should allow at least 15 minutes for any domain purchases or connections to finalize and propagate across the web.
- Log into your account and in your Rebrandly dashboard click "New link".
- Enter your destination URL; it's usually easiest to copying and paste this from the source location.
- Next, select your new domain from the drop-down list - as seen in the image below.
- Type your custom URL slug. This should be a keyword, so those who see it have an indication of what the link leads to. This improves trust and CTRs.
Please note: Your title is automatically imported from the link destination, which can be helpful when sharing on social media. If your headline didn't import automatically or you want to change the headline, you can simply click on it to edit it.
- Finally, click the "Create link" button and you're done.
Your new vanity URL will automatically be copied to your clipboard, so you can share it quickly. The option to share it on your favorite social media channels is also available within Rebrandly.
If you need to change the destination URL at any stage in the future, you can also come back and click edit to update it.
This Article is About:
- Creating a Vanity URL
- Switching the Domain of a Link I create
- Changing the Title of My Link
- Creating a New Link in Rebrandly
- Creating a Short URL / Link
- Creating a branded link
- How to edit a URL slug
- How to edit a slashtag
- How to create a branded link
- How to create a custom URL
- What is a Vanity URL
- What is a Branded Link
- What is a Custom Short Link
- Blog: What is a Branded Link
- Blog: Branded Links Vs Short Links


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noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere.
- genus Melanitta
- common scoter
- Melanitta nigra
- sea duck
Words that Rhyme with Scooter
Example sentences of the word scooter
1. Noun, singular or mass
Pulling it will allow you to remove the kickstart from the side of your scooter.
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a sailing vessel with runners and a cross-shaped frame; suitable for traveling over ice.
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a motorboat resembling a motor scooter.
- sea scooter
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a wheeled vehicle with small wheels and a low-powered gasoline engine geared to the rear wheel.
- wheeled vehicle
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] child's two-wheeled vehicle operated by foot.


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Google Analytics can enhance the process of creating user personas and analyzing audiences. In this blog post, I'm going to show you how Seer created user personas for a credit counseling client using dimensions in the Audience section of Google Analytics.
To use this method, you have to make sure your site meets these conditions:
- Has a subfolder, or keyword(s) in a group of URL's, that can be identified with an audience.
- Has sufficient data in Google Analytics to analyze those subfolders or URL's.
The most relevant dimensions in GA we used to create user personas were:
- Affinity Categories
- In-Market Segments
- Other Categories
As a reminder, here is where you find these dimensions in the Google Analytics menu:
Before we go any further, let's make sure we understand what those dimensions in the "Interests" section actually mean. Google Analytics defines them as:
- Affinity Categories – "used to reach potential customers, to make them aware of your brand or product. These are users higher in the purchase funnel."
- In-Market Segments – "Users in these segments are more likely to be ready to purchase products or services in the specified category. These are users lower in the purchase funnel, near the end of the process."
- Other Categories – "These are more granular categories than Affinity or In-Market, and let you identify users who are not in those other categories."
Why did I highlight those words in the definitions? We used Affinity Categories and In-Market Segments to describe the lifestyle interests of our personas, and their preferences for certain products or services, respectively.
How valid is this data? It should be stated that there are limitations to its accuracy (as there are in many methods of creating personas!). Much of the information in the Interests and Demographics sections comes from Google's understanding of users based on their Ad Settings. This data is only available for a subset of overall users due to privacy reasons. However, as the article from Nathan Beddome states, this data is informative because it nonetheless represents a large sample of users and their search habits.
Now we're ready to walk through the process. We are going to use our credit counseling clients' Student Loans audience, and their "affinities," as an example. Let's get started!
- Set the Date Range to at least 6 months to a year.
- Set the first dimension to "Affinity Categories" and the second to "Landing Page." Show as many rows as you can, without sampling.
- Set an advanced filter to only show landing pages with the word "student" in them. (The advanced filter can change depending on what audience you want to analyze. If we wanted to look at our client's military veteran audience, we might filter for the words "military," "army," or "veteran" instead.)
- Export the data to Excel, then create a pivot table using "Sessions" and "Affinity Category" as the only fields. You can eliminate all other columns, including landing page, for this example. Now, you should have something that looks like this…
…And now, click that "OK" button, and you've got your pivot table!
- Sort the "Sum of Sessions" column from largest to smallest. Effectively, this shows you the most common "affinities" of users who visited pages related to students and student loans.
You can replicate this process for the other dimensions mentioned previously, and end up with a lot of useful information to fill out your personas.
We translated this data into personas with different interests, characteristics, and backgrounds, all of which provided great direction for keyword research and content recommendations. Check out the final form of the student loan example!
Since cooking and deals are two common lifestyle interests of our Student Loans audience, an article topic we might suggest is "Cooking with Coupons!"
I used Sessions as the metric for this example, but this process can go beyond that. Do you want to create more content that aligns with the buying habits of users who convert on your site? Or how about appealing to the lifestyle interests of social media users that get referred to your site? Shape this process to show what you want to show about your audience!
There are certainly a lot of different ways to create user personas. I hope this exploration of Google Analytics' capabilities will help your process.
Have you used Google Analytics to help create user personas? What are some other data-driven methods you've used to analyze your audience? I would love to hear about them!


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Errors by Those Who Should Know Better
Interlace can be simple to understand if explained properly. However, much of the stuff on the net and elsewhere is wrong or at least misleading. For what it's worth, here's my little list.
The EducatorProfessor Kelin J. Kuhn in his 'Conventional Analog Television - An Introduction' page says that even fields are composed of even lines and odd fields of odd lines. He doesn't see the contradictions resulting from this (or chooses to ignore them). His 21 line raster diagram (lines wrongly numbered) has line number zero not labelled at all (it is ideosyncratic to have a line zero anyway and as this is in both odd and even fields I infer that Prof Kuhn thinks that zero has the unique property of being both an odd and even number). Line 21 is also absent.
The Prof isn't consistent though and in the text just before the picture of the raster he says (talking about the 525 line NTSC system):"However lines number 248 to 263 and 511 to 525 are typically blanked to provide time for the beam to return to the upper left hand corner for the next scan."Now implying (correctly) that lines are numbered in time (the line numbers that he says are blanked are not entirely correct though). His figure immediately following the 21 line raster, showing a 525 field scan, is also correct (but lines misnumbered as before).
Toshiba says:"Traditional Interlace scanning mode reproduces scanning lines of either odd number or even number in each field which creates the following two problems.
- Noise caused by a frame being composed of two fields in a stripe pattern with a time lag.
- Flickering due to many pictures appearing and disappearing in a second."
It's not clear to me what Mr Tosh is trying to say.. it sounds as though he's saying that odd fields are composed of odd lines and even lines comprise the even field and futhermore that odd fields have one more line than even ones (which, if his initial assumption were true would be a necessary consequence; if this is what he's saying then he's the only one who's spotted this inconsistency - without recognising that it is an inconsistency because he goes on to say that a field consists of 312½ lines).
Why Mr Tosh thinks that interlace increases flicker and noise he doesn't say. In fact, interlace reduces flicker and since it conserves bandwidth it also reduces noise. Further illustration of Mr Tosh's grasp of the subject can be seen a few sentences on when he says:"For viewing not illusion of grille images of interlace but continuation of frames like a movie film, the following effects can be gained:...."
Doesn't inspire confidence in Tosh's products, does it?
Elantec's 1881 datasheet has a figure reproduced, it says, from an EIA document - this shows the field beginning at the start of the equalising pulses (page 7) and on page 10 tells us that 'there is an odd field that includes all the odd lines, and an even field that consists of the even lines'; oh dear - that sounds very odd!
Perhaps some might think that I am being pedantic in highlighting these errors. Maybe I am, but for someone seeking information and hoping for a coherent exlanation from these people will, not only be disappointed, but may end up confused rather than enlightened. Educators and international electronics manufacturers ought to be able to get simple things right.
|TV Synchronisation||Electronics Index||Feedback Form|


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Rem is used to include remarks, or comments, as text which is never executed, in a program. The optional component, remarks, is any text. If used as the last of multiple statements on a single line, Rem must be separated from the previous statement by a colon (:). The apostrophe (') synonym is similar to using Rem, but no space is required between the apostrophe and the remarks, and no separating colon is needed on multi-statement lines.
Do not put the string into a comment - it will stop the interpretation of the code.
Rem Rem Example Rem This example does absolutely nothing 'It doesn't even have a single line of 'executable code
// Rem Example /* This example does absolutely nothing */ /* It doesn't even have a single line of executable code */


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The term, of course, means "do well" or "have a great show" and is typically used before a stage performance, a show, or an audition. (I have never heard it used before filming a movie on any of the movies I've been involved with, but I guess it can be used in that sense too). But I'm sure you're more interested in the origin of "break a leg".
Like many popular sayings and terms, the origin of "break a leg" is nebulous and disputed. The term "break a leg" was used originally, many say, to discourage evil spirits from deliberately causing one's performance to suffer. According to this theory, wishing someone "good luck" would be invoking the "evil eye". So "good luck" would actually cause bad luck for the actor. Thus, "break a leg", by this logic, would be a wish for good luck.
This is in line with the first documented instance of someone saying "break a leg" in terms of wishing them luck. In an October 1, 1921 edition of the New Statesman, Robert Wilson Lynd is talking about it being unlucky in horse racing to wish someone luck so "you should say something insulting such as, 'May you break your leg!" He also mentions that theater people are the second most superstitious group next to those involved in horse racing.
Another of the early documented references of "break a leg", this time directly referring to theater, was in the 1939 A Peculiar Treasure by Edna Ferber, where she implies a different motive, "…and all the understudies sitting in the back row politely wishing the various principals would break a leg". Thus, they say it hoping the principal actors will break their leg so the understudies can possibly take the lead.
Another possible construction is the German phrase "Hans un beinbruch". The sentiment here is "Happy landings" in English. Both English and German pilots use the term, but the literal translation is "breaking all one's bones". It is possible actors adopted this phrase, as it was just after WWI that the "break a leg" sentiment seems to have gained widespread popularity.
The term "break a leg" may be traced back to the Elizabethan language. To "break a leg", in Shakespeare's time, meant, literally, to bowby bending at the knee. Since a successful actor would "break a leg" onstage and receive applause, the phrase would, in effect, be a wish for good luck. However, in the 16th century "break a leg" also meant to give birth to an illegitimate child, which is hard to connect to the theatrical world.
Others trace "break a leg" to the tradition of audiences in Ancient Greece. Instead of applauding actors, audiences would stomp their feet. Stomping to the point of actually breaking a leg is unlikelybut still, the phrase may be figurative and not literal.
An interesting historical theory attributes "break a leg" to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. This theory traces the term to the great 19th century actor, John Wilkes Booth, who, of course, shot President Lincoln at Ford's Theater in 1865. After Booth shot the President, he jumped from Lincoln's upper box seat onto the stage, where he literally "broke his leg". (Some also present this as a possibly origin of the popular phrase comedians and comics use for a successful show: "I killed them." / "I killed the audience.")
Landing a role in show business is called "getting a break" and being newly successful is called "breaking into the business". These also may be where the "break a leg" term evolves from.
So as you can see here, the exact origin of "break a leg" for wishing someone luck is murky at best. But whatever first spawned the exact phrase, it seems plausible enough that it either grew in popularity from the idea of wishing bad luck on someone so that they'll in turn be given good luck, as the early documented references of the phrase imply, or in sarcastically wishing them bad luck so that the understudy could perhaps take over the role of one of the principals if the principal actually broke their leg.
- Ballet dancers have their own version of "break a leg" which connects to the superstitious concept of not wishing other dancers "good luck". They will say "Merde!" This translates in English to a well-known four-letter word that describes human waste. This term seems more expressive of not evoking ill or bad luck, but as well may imply feelings related to stage fright or anxiety before a performance.


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The formula for the volume of pyramids and cones tells you how much space is inside each object.
For these two solid shapes, the volume formula is the same: it's one third of the area of the base times the height.
Why? Here it is in a nutshell. The volume of three pyramids is equal to the volume of one prism with the same base and height. Similarly, the volume of three cones is equal to the volume of one cylinder with the same circular base and height.
The volume of each cone is equal to ⅓Bh = ⅓(28.3 × 10) = 94 ⅓ cm3. All three cones combined equals 283 cm3. The volume of the cylinder is equal to Bh = 28.3 × 10 = 283 cm3, ta da!
The volume of each pyramid is equal to ⅓Bh = ⅓(18 × 8) = 48 cm3. All three pyramids combined equals 144 cm3. The volume of the prism is equal to Bh = 18 × 8 = 144 cm3.


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The effectiveness of the reverse engineering trade secret law
|School||East China University of Political Science|
|Course||Civil and Commercial Law|
|Keywords||Trade secrets Reverse engineering Secrecy Prohibit reverse engineering convention|
February 1, 2007 implementation of the \reverse engineering, which is a huge step forward for the development of China's trade secret law. 12 of the Act is not only for the term of the reverse engineering is defined statutory reverse engineering effectiveness, that the legitimate defense of trade secrets infringement. Violation of trade secret rights of defense is the main effect of the reverse engineering, reverse engineering of trade secret rights. Meanwhile, the judicial interpretation of Article 9 \The secret of the presence or absence, whether the information constitutes a trade secret one of the factors, this is another effect of the reverse engineering, reverse engineering of trade secrets identified. The main part of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the reverse engineering. Legitimate and effective reverse engineering Efficacy of the logical premise, therefore, the first chapter of legitimate reverse engineering elements defined reverse engineering the effectiveness of the two main trade secret law, and on this basis to explore. Legitimate reverse engineering elements, as a technical term in the technology transfer practice produced and developed the technology itself neutrality decision itself does not produce the inevitable legal or illegal, and thus reverse engineering value evaluation is not for the technology itself, but to evaluate the implementation process for the reverse engineering of objects as well as reverse engineering and purpose. Reverse engineering of objects in terms of, first, the product must be obtained from public sources obtained from public sources product \thus the open market is undoubtedly the main source; (2) must be legitimate and honest means. Both from access to the scope and access to the means of protection the reverse engineering objects legitimacy. Second, reverse engineering implementation of the person entitled to property rights must be the implementation of the object, the disposition of property rights, in practice also has a black box closed rules of evidence to the contrary. On the reverse of the implementation process of the project, you must ensure that the whole process does not come into contact with the confidential information of others, prior to the implementation of the implementation of personnel screening, the implementation process cleanroom procedures to avoid contact with access to secret information. Finally, the results of the implementation of the reverse engineering is not recognized a reverse engineering legitimate factors, because trade secret law does not prohibit legitimate copy the behavior. Reverse engineering on the identification of the trade secrets, broken ring secret that reverse engineering is, depending on the degree of difficulty of reverse engineering. Easy to reverse the information there is no secret, can not be protected as a trade secret, that is easy to reverse engineer undermined the secrecy of the information; is not easy to reverse the information has a secret, constitute competent business can draw two conclusions: secret, and that is not easy to reverse engineer did not destroy the information secret. In fact, the reverse engineering is only a qualitative term in solving trade secret disputes, reverse engineering but also for the quantitative analysis that is to see the degree of difficulty of reverse engineering technology, capital, time consuming degree. Reverse engineering to specific analysis, this foreign legalistic literature are unanimous. Reverse engineering trade secret rights, trade secrets legal literature in countries will reverse works identified as the major limitation of trade secret rights, but there is a very controversial practice, that the contract by convention prohibiting antito exclude the right to limit the project terms. This paper argues that such exclusion efforts are invalid because prohibit reverse engineering terms and conditions beyond the scope of rights of trade secret rights, to break the patent law, trade secret law this equity to the detriment of the public interest, contrary to the country to encourage technological innovation policy.


Tol Sirion, later known as Tol-in-Gaurhoth and Wizard's Tower, was an island in the upper reaches of the river Sirion between the Ered Wethrin to the west, the Echoriath to the east, and the Fen of Serech to the north.
It was the site of the Ñoldorin tower of Minas Tirith.[1]
The exiled Ñoldor Elves of the House of Finarfin under Finrod first showed interest in the isle between the years 50 and 60 of the First Age, when Finrod raised Minas Tirith to prevent the armies of Morgoth from passing through the area between the mountains and invading Beleriand. Finrod committed the isle to Orodreth, his nephew who ruled it until Sauron conquered it after the Dagor Bragollach and turned it into a haven for his Werewolves, calling it Tol-in-Gaurhoth.
Later on, in the Quest for the Silmaril, Beren and Finrod were captured by Sauron's forces passing the isle. After Finrod and his companions were killed, Lúthien and Huan were able to defeat their captors, and fled. The isle was cleansed and remained so but was no longer inhabited.[2]
Tol Sirion was Sindarin for 'Island of Sirion'.[3]
Foreign Language Translated name
Amharic ቶል ሰርዮን
Arabic طول صيريون
Armenian Տոլ Սիրիոն
Belarusian Cyrillic Тол-Сірыён
Bengali টোল সিরিয়ন
Bulgarian Cyrillic Тол Сирион (Tol Sirion)
Тол-ин-Гаурхот (Tol-in-Gaurhoth)
Chinese (Hong Kong) 西瑞安島 A.K.A. 堝惑斯島
Danish Tol Sirion (ø)
Georgian ტოლ სირიონი
Greek Τολ Σιριον
Gujarati ટોલ ષિરિઓન
Hebrew (Tol Sirion) טול סיריון
(Tol In Gaurhoth) טול אין גאורהות
Hindi टोल् सिर्योन
Japanese とｌ しりおん
Kannada ಟೋಲ್ ಸಿರಿಯನ್
Kazakh Тол Сіріон (Cyrillic) Tol Sirion (Latin)
Korean 톨 사이 리온
Kyrgyz Cyrillic Тол Сирион
Macedonian Cyrillic Тол Сирион
Marathi टोल सिरियन
Mongolian Cyrillic Тол Сирион
Nepalese टोल षिरिओन
Pashto ټول سیرون
Persian تول صیریون
Punjabi ਟੋਲ ਸਿਰੀਅਨ
Russian Тол Сирион (Tol Sirion)
Тол-ин-Гаурот (Tol-in-Gaurhoth)
Sanskrit टोल् षिरिओन्
Serbian Тол Сирион (Cyrillic) Tol Sirion (Latin)
Sinhalese ටෝල් සිරියන්
Tajik Cyrillic Тол Сирион
Tamil டோல் சிரியன்
Telugu టోల్ సిరియన్
Thai โทลซิริออน
Ukrainian Cyrillic Тол Сіріон (Tol Sirion)
Тол-ін-Гаурот (Tol-in-Gaurhoth)
Urdu ٹول سیرین
Uzbek Тол Сирион (Cyrillic) Tol Sirion (Latin)
Yiddish טאָל סיריאָן
 2. The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XIX: "Of Beren and Lúthien"
 3. The Complete Guide to Middle-earth


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From the English vocabulary word amber, which derives from Arabic عنبر ('anbar) = 'amber' (orange, yellow or red gemstone, which is formed from fossil resin)
Image by Hannes Grobe,
License: Creative Commons, CC-BY-SA
|Female ♀||Male ♂|
|#: count of main first name only|
|&: count of both main and additional first names|
| Name counts are approximate as statistics normally is not published
for names given to less than 3 or 5 persons per country.


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There are various types of traditional bonsai styles, such as formal upright, informal upright, cascade, and semi-cascade. You can find these eye catching bonsai here on Send Plants under "Plants by type".
The formal upright style represents the idealized image of a full-sized tree growing in nature. It features a straight, upright trunk with branches that gradually decrease in size as they ascend the tree. The composition of the bonsai is symmetrical and balanced, reflecting stability, strength, and a formal aesthetic.
The informal upright style aims to capture the natural, organic growth patterns of trees found in nature. The trunk exhibits gentle curves and slight bends, giving the tree a more relaxed and informal appearance. The branches are arranged asymmetrically, reflecting the irregularities of nature.
The cascade style is visually striking, representing a tree growing on the edge of a cliff or steep slope. The trunk cascades downward below the container's rim, sometimes even reaching the ground. The branches typically extend in a downward direction, often featuring elegant curves and dramatic foliage. This style evokes a sense of drama, movement, and the resilience of trees growing in challenging conditions.
Semi-Cascade (Han-Kengai): The semi-cascade trunk may have a gentle slant or curve, extending beyond the rim of the pot but not reaching the ground. The branches can be arranged in a balanced or asymmetrical manner, giving the tree a sense of dynamism and vitality. This style represents adaptability and the ability to withstand environmental challenges while maintaining a sense of balance.


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Right-of-way valuation, or corridor appraisal, requires unique methodologies, skills, and corridor factor data rarely found among appraisal firms. Corridor appraisal methodologies used include "across-the-fence" and "corridor factor" analysis. Selecting and utilizing the appropriate methodology given the appraisal problem at hand is of the utmost importance. Equally important is the ability to review appraisals and analyze methodologies used by others, and provide consulting and advisory services backed up by credible expert witness testimony when the need arises. JRES provides a variety of right-of-way and corridor services:
- Value individual properties or consulting on appraising rights of way and corridors
- Consult and advise regarding identification of the larger parcel for eminent domain appraisal
- Select appropriate valuation methodology including across the fence or corridor factor analysis
- Conduct due diligence into property specific physical, legal, and governmental constraints
- Evaluate property value trends over historical time periods
- Review appraisal reports and provide expert witness testimony
To speak with an expert in right-of-way valuation or corridor appraisal, please call _PHONE_ or fill out our contact form.


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Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good(2006)
Pleasurable Kingdom is the first book to focus on new evidence that animals, like humans, enjoy themselves. It debunks the popular perception that life for most is a continuous, grim struggle for survival. Instead it suggests that creatures from birds to bats to baboons may feel good thanks to play, sex, touch, food, anticipation, comfort, aesthetics and more.
- animal sentience,
- animal emotions,
- animal psychology,
Citation InformationJonathan P Balcombe. Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good. London(2006)
Available at: _URL_


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- For example, in South Australia and Tasmania a number of energy infrastructure construction projects are going ahead.
- This solid performance is a consequence of high levels of investment in oil and gas and energy infrastructure projects.
- Notwithstanding the aforementioned power station, it's largely a different story in the energy and utilities construction sector, however.
- However, it isn't stalling altogether and there are still some ongoing construction projects, including in Queensland.
- Meanwhile, a project to develop the rail infrastructure in Melbourne is continuing with an upgrade of the Cranbourne-Pakenham rail corridor.


Definition of Jobless Recovery
What is a "jobless recovery"? What is the definition of the term "jobless recovery"?
A "jobless recovery" occurs when economic growth takes place in a country, but employment levels either drop or remain stable.
Jobless Recovery DefinitionAt the time that this definition was written (November 2010), the United States was experiencing a "jobless recovery", as economic growth was technically taking place, but the national unemployment rate was basically stuck in neutral.
It is generally expected that a growing economy will result in the creation of new jobs, but this isn't always the case.
Increased automation, for instance, can result in GDP growth accompanied with stable or dropping employment.
"Jobless recoveries" have been perplexing economists for decades. The big question - how do you spur employment growth in a country when the economy is already growing?
-- Articles That Mention Jobless Recovery:


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Sanitation is a vital yet too often ignored challenge, and the durability of buried sewerage system materials is rarely considered by municipalities. The city of Malmö, Sweden, conducted a 6 year test programme to assess the resistance of sewerage pipes materials to tree root penetration. The research marked a step change for the sustainability of these pipe systems by using welded PP-HM materials. Malmö's analysis showed how closely economic, social and ecological benefits are linked together for a sanitation solution.
By preventing the contamination of clean water and the environment, sewage disposal dramatically reduces the outbreaks of waterborn diseases. In fact, sanitation was ranked by the British Medical Journal readers as the most important medical advance in the past 150 years. Yet the importance of keeping the buried sewerage system in good shape is often ignored by most people. Enhancing the performance and overall sustainability of sewage networks can deliver environmental, social and economic benefits to the communities.
Because of its exceptionally green design, Malmö is known as Sweden's 'Park City.' However, while providing an attractive and healthy environment, over the years, the benefits of beautiful surroundings also had a growing and hidden cost to the community.


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The transmission of TV programs into the home and office via coaxial cable. The first cable TV dates back to the late 1940s, when antennas were located at the highest point in a community to deliver TV to areas that had difficulty receiving over-the-air broadcasts (see CATV).|
From TV to Internet to Telephony
Since the cable companies were already wired into millions of homes, they had great success selling Internet access to its subscribers, starting in the late 1990s. Unlike the telephone company's DSL service, Internet access via the cable infrastructure does not have distance limitations. Cable TV companies later added telephone service to offer the "triple play" (data, voice and video service). See cable Internet.
Many Analog and Digital Channels
Cable TV typically transmits 125 6 MHz channels using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) to its subscribers. Each channel can hold one analog TV program, three high-definition (HD) digital programs or 10 standard definition (SD) digital programs. The digital channels provide 40 Mbps of digital bandwidth, 38 of which is the actual payload.
The channels are also used for video-on-demand, Internet access and voice over IP (VoIP) telephone service. Upstream channels use from 0 to 50 MHz, while downstream channels use 50 MHz to 750 MHz. See FDM, CMTS and digital TV transition.


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How important is it to seal electrical outlets against air leakage? Despite the tireless efforts of energy analysts and product manufacturers, nobody will ever come up with a truly valid answer to this question. One obstacle is that finding the "average" air leakage through electrical outlets is like trying to calculate the average size of rocks. Research reports and published pie charts show that air leakage through outlets can account for 15% to 25% or more of the total air infiltration in a house. But common sense tells us that the amount of air that flows through electrical outlets must depend on the tightness of the exterior sheathing and siding, the wall insulation, and the number of unsealed wiring holes


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Systane Ultra (10 ml) Moisturising eye drops to relieve dry eyes
Instructions for use
Please read the following instructions carefully and keep them for future reference
Systane Ultra Moistening Eye Drops are a sterile solution containing polyethylene glycol 400, propylene glycol, hydroxypropyl guar, sorbitol, aminomethyl propanol, boric acid, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and 0.001% P0LYQUAD (polypodronium chloride) preservative.
Systane Ultra Moisturising Eye Drops are designed to treat dry eyes: temporarily relieving the burning sensation and irritation caused by dry eyes.
- "general" dry eyes
- suitable for washing pollen from the eyes
- drop on contact lenses
In case of allergy to the ingredients of Systane Ultra Moisturising Eye Drops, the use of the product is contraindicated.
Systane Ultra Moisturising Eye Drops can be used throughout the day as needed. It can also be used to treat dry eyes caused by contact lens wear: before putting on contact lenses or after removing the lenses, drop a few drops into the eyes and blink a few times. Shake the bottle before use.
Contains preservatives, so no need to store in the fridge!
It is important to follow the instructions of your eye doctor and the instructions for use. If you experience persistent discomfort in your eyes or severe watering, blurred vision or redness of the eyes, consult your doctor as the condition may worsen.
- To avoid contamination, never touch the dropper of the bottle to any surface.
- Screw the cap back on after use.
- Store at room temperature.
- Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.
- Use the solution within the expiry date indicated on thepackaging.
- After the first opening, throw away the rest after 6 months.


text: Under the ecosystem approach to fisheries, an optimal fishing pattern is one that gives the highest possible yield while having the least structural impact on the community. Unregulated, open-access African inland fisheries have been observed to sustain high catches by harvesting a broad spectrum of species and sizes, often in conflict with current management regulations in terms of mesh and gear regulations. Using a sizeand trait-based model, we explore whether such exploitation patterns are commensurable with the ecosystem approach to fisheries by comparing the impacts on size spectrum slope and yield with the different size limit regimes employed in the Zambian and Zimbabwean sides of man-made Lake Kariba. Long-term multispecies data under fished and unfished conditions are used to compare and validate the model results. Both model and observations show that the highest yields and low structural impact on the ecosystem are obtained by targeting small individuals in the community. These results call for a re-evaluation of the size-based management regulations that are ubiquitous in most fisheries.


.GooglePublicDns2);
client.EnableAuditTrail = true;
client.UseCache = true;
var result = await client.QueryAsync("google.com", QueryType.A);
TCP Settings
Enabling the UseTcpFallback property allows the client to run the same query via TCP in case the UDP result was truncated.
This can happen in cases where the UDP result exceeds the maximum supported size of the DNS server can return.
The default size is usually 4096 or 512 bytes.
This setting is enabled per default.
Setting UseTcpOnly to true would disable any UDP communication. This can be useful in case UDP transport is disabled through firewall rules for example.
Continue and Retry on DNS Error
If multiple DNS name servers are configured for the ILookupClient instance, per default, the client will try the next server (in random or configured order depending on UseRandomNameServer) if the current server responded with a DNS error.
To change that behavior and stop after the first response, disable the ContinueOnDnsError option.
Throw on DNS Errors
Enabling the ThrowDnsErrors property would throw a DnsResponseException if the result of a DNS query does contain a response code in the header other than NoError.
This setting is disabled per default.
This setting can be useful if you prefer to handle such errors with try-catch blocks instead of inspecting the result object.
Also, some methods and extensions of IDnsQuery do not return a DnsResponseMessage with the full details but may return a string or null in case of an error. Enabling this property would throw an exception instead.
Handle multiple DNS Nameservers
If multiple DNS name servers are configured for the ILookupClient instance, per default, the servers are used in random order.
To change that behavior and always start with the first one and then fall back to the next, disable the UseRandomNameServer option.


p 2) / (Nho)]. In this (ho) is a fixed quantity and (N) goes in steps of 1, 2, 3, 4,...... So in the early universe, there were large steps because (N) was small, and in the later universe, (N) was becoming a very large number so that steps were very small [ such as the difference between [(4p 2)/34567] or (4p 2)/34568].
As far as Jellison is concerned now, his original argument is now invalid because a different model is being proposed.


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Create a new project
A Drone2Map project must be created before you can begin working with Drone2Map. First, you need to choose a project template.
Create a project using a project template
To create a project, complete the following steps:
 1. Start Drone2Map.
 2. Under Select Project Template, choose Rapid, 2D Mapping, 3D Mapping, Inspection or Custom, depending on the type of product you need to create.
 3. Select custom if you have set a default custom template in the New Project tab in Application Settings. To use a custom template that is not set as default, click Import Template and browse to the location of your D2M Template (.tmpl)
 4. Click Create.
 When you create your first project, a Drone2Map Projects folder is created in your Documents folder.
 5. Type a name for the new project in the Give Your Project A Name text box.
 6. Browse to a location on your local file system where you want the new project to be stored.
 The Drone2Map folder is populated by default. Leave the default, or browse to a new location.
 7. If necessary, click Edit and choose the correct coordinate system of your source imagery.
 8. The vertical units are derived from the units in the specified x,y coordinate system and will update automatically if changed.
 9. Choose the vertical reference for your images.
 See the Vertical reference page for help determining the correct inputs.
 10. Choose Add Folder or Add Images to browse to the location of the imagery to be processed.
 Input images can be either JPEG or TIFF files.
 - JPEG images as.jpg or.jpeg
 - Monochromatic or multiband TIFF (RGB, infrared, thermal) as.tif or.tiff
 Drone2Map checks the images for geolocation information. If your imagery does not have geolocation information embedded in the imagery, you'll be prompted to provide a file with this information. Browse to the file on your local system, and add the file with the GPS data. Choose whether the file will contain headers and the delimiter type. If necessary, map the field to the correct column in the geolocation file. Click OK. The selected images and geolocation information display.
 11. Click OK.
 The project is created and opened in the Drone2Map home screen. A project directory is created in your chosen location, which stores your project settings, processing outputs, and other information about your project.
 When you create a new project, Drone2Map checks for available disk space and lets you know if you may need to increase available disk space before processing. It is based on the number of images in the project and uses the following parameters:
 - Less than 100 images = 10 GB of available space
 - Between 100 and 500 images = 20 GB of available space
 - Between 500 and 2,000 images = 40 GB of available space
 - More than 2,000 images = 80 GB of available space
 If you have less than 10 GB of available space, you will see the following message: Less than 10GB disk space is available. It is recommended to increase available disk space to at least 10GB before processing.
Import template
If you have exported a Drone2Map template during a previous Drone2Map session, you can import that template to quickly create a new project using your specific processing options and outputs. To use your Drone2Map template to create a new project, complete the following steps:
 1. Open Drone2Map.
 2. Under Select Project Template, choose Import template.
 3. Browse to your stored Drone2Map template, select it, and click Open.
 Follow the rest of this topic to finish creating your new project.
Geolocation file information
If your images contain GPS positions, Drone2Map automatically reads them, and a geolocation file is not needed. If the images do not contain the image GPS position, a geolocation file is needed. The geolocation file delivered by any camera or GPS system can be edited so it's compatible with Drone2Map.
Close project
To close an open Drone2Map project, click the Close Project button on the ribbon. You will only see the Close Project option when an active project is open.


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Department Of International Business
1. The Department's main goal is to foster excellent modern management and international business professionals. The Department's objective in education emphasizes professional courses like business administration, marketing, finance, international banking, international business, international trade, etc., with an emphasis on integration of theory and practice.
2. To equally emphasize general education and humanity-oriented management education on order to promote a value oriented management philosophy.
3. To best utilization of computers and internet equipment and resources, allowing students to receive updated and practical management information and experience about the world.
4. To meet the practical conditions faced by today's international business professionals, the Department focuses attention on English and Japanese instruction, with the goal that every graduate shall at least know two foreign languages.


Yes, I want my consultation
Paradox of the Knowledge-Worker Age at a Translation Agency
Photo by Will Bostwick, are you coping in the knowledge-worker age? Is your productivity going up? Or are you feeling that things that used to be so simple are getting more complicated?
I catch myself thinking about these things sometimes, too. In this post, I describe some of the ways this paradox is affecting our translation agency.
Let's say I can save four hours by using a computer instead of doing the same work manually. While I save four hours, I will also need to spend additional time on "maintenance"; that is, making sure I am able to use the computer properly. This includes fixing technical problems, learning how to use the computer, and similar activities that result from the fact that using a computer is more complicated than manual work. These activities may add up to, say, two hours. I end up saving four hours and losing two hours. The good news is that after deducting the lost time, I am still "in the black."
But let's imagine that I am not fully efficient with the computer, as is the case with many people, and it takes me six hours to do the same work that I could supposedly do manually in four hours. And what about the stress of those "maintenance" activities? Since the knowledge-worker age tools are so complex and demanding, my stress level increases by using them. As a result, those two hours that I saved can easily be lost in procrastinating, as I find myself unable to do anything productive after work.
A more specific example might be e-mail. E-mail was supposed to make communication more efficient. While we became more efficient indeed, we also started to get more and more e-mails and are now spending more time writing, reading, replying to, and generally managing e-mails.
More Complicated by the Hour
A translation agency has to optimize its processes to remain competitive. We need more automation, more sophisticated tools, and more options. Yes, this increases efficiency. At the same time, the complexity of the processes goes up and so does the stress level.
Imagine that a translation agency receives a DOCX file for translation. The easiest way to process this file is to translate it directly in MS Office. But if the agency wants to be more efficient and competitive, it must use a CAT tool, or a translation memory program. Using a CAT tool undoubtedly has a lot of advantages to it, including efficiency, consistency, and ability to provide discounts to clients easily. At the same time, the entire process of running a translation business gets way more complicated:
Added Layers of Complexity
 1. The agency can't engage just any translator. Translators must now be proficient with a CAT tool. Finding a translator becomes more difficult.
 2. Managing a translation process with a CAT tool takes more time. Analyzing source files against a TM, maintaining and re-using glossaries, using correct translation memories—all of these things drain time and energy.
 3. Since using a CAT tool adds a major level of technical complexity to our business, we are inevitably going to have technical problems. Tools will malfunction. Users will work with incorrect settings and require technical support. Source files won't be accepted by the CAT tool. Translated files won't save, and so on.
 4. Simply using a CAT tool is one thing, but using it efficiently is quite another. Optimizing segmentation, removing superfluous tags, using keyboard shortcuts, etc., all add more sources of complexity.
 5. Because the entire translation process got more complicated, finding and training qualified employees becomes a challenge.
 6. As if the complexity were not frustrating enough, all the tools and processes keep changing rapidly (yes, for the sake of efficiency). As a result, people will never be 100% efficient, and most won't probably reach a 50% level. This is a source of never-ending frustration for them and for those around them.
With all the new technology that is supposed to be time-saving, we often end up having less time and higher stress, as the technical side of things drains time and brain power. This is why my goal as a business owner is to make sure that our processes—while efficient—are also as transparent and straightforward as possible.
Are you a technical person who is excited about the complexity that comes with efficiency? Or are you someone who thinks that life is becoming more complex, despite all the efficiencies?
If you liked this post, you may also enjoy my article about other challenges associated with translation as a profession.
 - Susan Welsh says:
 Where did you find this rare photo of a translator with a clean desk? 🙂
 - Good point, Susan :). Judging by the number of the monitors, I think this guy is a "crossover" between a translator and a trader. A translator often uses just one monitor, while a trader uses four or more :).
 Thank you for your comment.
Add comment
About the Author
Roman Mironov
Roman Mironov
CEO & Founder


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Data from this station is courtesy of the Bodega Marine Laboratory.
Time displayed is based on Bodega Marine Lab, CA local time. The wind graph displays observations as reported in miles per hour. The blue line and shaded area represents the average wind speed, the red represents gust value, and the green represents lull. Dots along the lines indicate time of data reported. The yellow arrows represent observed wind direction. An arrow pointing down indicates wind blowing from north to south, and is commonly referred as a "north wind". Note: frequency (and latency) of data is a function of the individual reporting station. Many non-WeatherFlow stations report data only once per hour. Check sensor notes for information on data source. Please read and understand disclaimer
before using this information.


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Buddy Bison Teaches Students about Hedgehogs in this New Story!
A National Presbyterian School (Washington, DC) student, with help from her teacher, wrote a neat new story about Buddy Bison getting a new job at theMuseum of Natural History. In the story, Buddy Bison has to teach students about hedgehogs. Along the way, he learns a lot and so do the students. You can read some of the story below.
Buddy Bison and the Museum of Natural History
Buddy Bison has a new job at the Museum of Natural History. There is only one problem, He doesn't know anything about his exhibit and he has to teach others about it.
The exhibit is about…Hedgehogs! Buddy wonders what to do. What can he tell people about hedgehogs? Buddy realizes that he doesn't know anything about hedgehogs. This is a problem!
1. Where do they live?
2. What color are hedgehogs?
3. What do they eat?
4. What is so special about hedgehogs?
Buddy Bison Makes a New Friend, a Story, by National Presbyterian School Students
Students from National Presbyterian School in Washington, D.C. have created a wonderful powerpoint detailing a story of their own creation about Buddy Bison!
Katia, Caroline, Sophia, Marley, Gigi and Mrs. King describe Buddy Bison's first play date with a new friend, Daisy in "Buddy Bison Makes a New Friend."
NationalPresbyterian Schooland Buddy Bison Take Two Trips Already!
Though school just started a month ago, Buddy Bison has already visited Echo Hill Camp with National Presbyterian School 5th and 6th graders AND Homestead Farms with three kindergarten classes. At Echo Hill Buddy Bison also made it to the zip line!
If that wasn't enough fun, students and teachers at the school joined forces to create a school power point presentation that was shown at an assembly highlighting Buddy Bison's Summer Adventures (which can also be seen on Buddy Bison's website)!
Remembering Haiti's Earthquake and Forests
So many of us watched news coverage of Haiti's earthquake and wondered what we could do to help. Many kids worked with their classmates to raise money to help rebuild. What some people don't realize is that Haiti's forests have been in trouble for a long time.
Ninety years ago, well over half of Haiti was covered in forest. Now just 2% of the land is forested. Some third-graders from The Bullis School recently created Buddy Bison Park dioramas, depicting American and Haitian Parks.
Dioramas made by Paris, Rotimi and Preston were showcased at a special presentation to one 16-year-old earthquake survivor named Ruthnie at the Haitian Flag Day event, at the White House Old Executive Office Building.
Paris's dioramas depicted "Buddy Bison at Rock Creek National Park" and Rotimi's featured "Buddy Bison at Yellowstone National Park." Preston's piece, entitled "Buddy Bison Dreams of a Reforested Haiti," was presented along with Buddy Bison to Ruthnie by fifth-grader Alexander, who attends National Presbyterian School, another Buddy Bison School.
In his speech, Alexander said, "We only see the devastation on TV," said Alexander, "but there are so many beautiful things about Haiti, too, and I want people to know that."


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Canada, and some parts of Asia
and Europe are cold forest areas that have short summers and long cold
Temperatures range in the winter
from -65 to 30F (-54 to -1C) and in the summer from 20 to 70F (-7 to
The vegetation there is made of
many coniferous trees (with needles) such as pine trees (like Christmas
trees). This type of vegetation is called the Taiga.
Life in the Taiga is cold and
snowy; food is hard to find especially in the winter.
The Canadian goose, ermine,
weasel, howl, moose, red fox and wolverine are typical animals that live
in these areas.
Summers are rainy, warm and
Yearly precipitations are between 12 and 33 inches (30-85 cm).
Animals and plants have adapted to the four seasons of the temperate
forests: winter, spring, summer, and fall.


Archive for June, 2012
June 25, 2012
I've pretty much wrung-out the possibilities of propagating by grafting, and wanted to delve into some other hard-to-propagate fruits, and so I've ventured into the rarefied air of plant tissue culture. Tissue Culture is growing embryonic plants from parts of the tree you wouldn't always think of for starting plants, like slices of the leaf. The sterile growing medium this cherry is in consists of tapioca starch, coconut milk, table sugar, minerals, vitamins, growth hormones, and a preservative. This clump will multiply and be divided into more jars, and continue to multiply until its time to change the hormone so it will grow roots. Photosynthesis is not necessary, as it bypasses the usual method of making food, where chlorophyll takes sunlight and water to make glucose. The plant takes up sugar directly from the medium and actually grows better in the dark. Gardening in a baby food jar with no bugs, no disease, no sunlight, and the end result is clean, vigorous plants; there's a lot to like about this.


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Brewer's rice
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Brewer's rice is a term applied to rice, usually short-grain varieties, that has been damaged in the milling process. This makes it aesthetically less desirable for use as food, but does not otherwise affect its chemical properties. As a result, these damaged rice grains are often sold to brewers for use as a brewery adjunct.