text:
This feature is obsolete. Although it may still work in some browsers, its use is discouraged since it could be removed at any time. Try to avoid using it.
This article covers features introduced in SpiderMonkey 1.8
Callback for objects that wrap other objects.
typedef JSObject * (*JSObjectOp)(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj);
||The context in which the object is being unwrapped.|
||The object to unwrap.|
If a class has the
JSCLASS_IS_EXTENDED bit set in its
JSClass.flags and has a non-null
JSExtendedClass.wrappedObject callback to get the wrapped object. Most classes do not implement
The specific cases where this happens are:
- The default
toStringmethod returns a string that contains the name of the wrapped object's class rather than the wrapper's class.
typeofexpressions and in
JS_TypeOfValue, the type of the wrapped object is returned. (The result may be
- When assigning to
- A wrapper object is strictly equal to the object it wraps, in the sense of
!==. Two wrapper objects that wrap the same object are also strictly equal.
- A wrapper object that wraps an Array is considered an array for the purpose of
Array.concat(which treat array arguments differently from other arguments, per ECMA 262-3 §22.214.171.124).
wrappedObject callback implementation must never fail. If it returns null or
obj, then the JS engine treats the object as though it were not a wrapper.
Wrapper objects typically have no prototype, do not allow setting
__proto__, and inherit properties from the wrapped object rather than the prototype chain (see


The Empire of Anezria is the oldest continuous government in the world. The empire began almost a millennium ago, and has not suffered a revolt or a dissolution yet.
The Empire is currently ruled by Emperess Rei Whisperblade.
The Empire of Anezria has been involved in the following wars:
 - War of Arcane Rights
 - Obsidian Conflict
 - Tiefling War
 - Irganthian Civil War (known to Balione as the "War of Independence")
 - Thirty Years' War
 - Wyvern Mountain War
The Empire of Anezria is ruled by an emperor or emperess, which is determined by a tournament after the old emperor or emperess dies. The winner of the tournament is then subjected to many rituals and oaths before given control of the empire.
Every ruler of Anezria has been either Good or Lawful Good, and has sworn to remain as such. The rituals and oaths are intended to ensure that an Evil, Chaotic Evil, or Unaligned individual cannot inherit the empire.
Anezria's armed forces consist of a feudal system of warlords and nobles who control their land as well as individual armies. This feudal system is not centralized, and it is thought that the decentralized nature of Anezria's armies is the reason that they lost control of their land west of the Wyvern Mountains. When Rei Whisperblade rose to power, she attempted to centralize Anezria's military under the control of herself and her close lieutenants, but was met with fierce resentment from lords and nobles.
The following is the breakdown of ranks in the Anezrian Imperial military, starting with highest rank:
 - Ferus Holy Knight
 - Ferus Magi
 - Ferus Swordlord / Swordlady
 - Ferus Priest / Priestess
Note that this list is limited, as the forces directly under the control of the emperess are limited to her own special army.
Imperial Remnants mjhacker


text:
The Simple Column Cell
Figure 33. Simple column cell
All Interface, Inc. products are designed around either the bending beam, the shear beam, or the pipe column. In order to understand the reasons behind this decision, we need to understand the design of the plain column cell, the other major type of load cell.
The cross-section view in Figure 33 shows the components of the simple column cell. The "flexure" is the heavy column (A) running up the center of the cell, with massive blocks at the top and bottom and a thin, usually square, column in the center. This column, plus the heavy outer shell and the diaphragms (B) are the basic support elements for the measurement flexure, the column (A) which runs from S1 to S2.
The column stress between S1 and S2 is about the same anywhere along its length, so the main gages (C1 and C2) are placed in the center, at Sg. Compensation for the nonlinearity of the column design is accomplished by the semiconductor gage (F).
Loads are applied by the customer's fixtures which can be screwed into the threaded holes at the top and bottom ends of the column.
The "doghouse" on the side of the casing contains the bridge compensating resistors (D) which are wired (E) to the gages.
At first glance, this might seem to be an uncomplicated design. The physical parts themselves are relatively simple to produce. However, several characteristics seriously restrict its usability.
- The thermal path from the column (A) to the outer case is very long and has a thin cross section, thus causing the temperature gradients to take a long time to stabilize. If heat is applied to one side of the case, the case itself will expand on the hot side, and a moment will be applied to the column, causing a zero shift.
- If heat is applied to the doghouse side of the cell, the compensating resistors will change resistance before the column sees the temperature change. Thus, the resistors will be attempting to compensate for a change which has not even occurred yet, causing a zero shift and an output shift.
- The diaphragms are an important part of the support, to keep moment loads away from the column. However, since they are outside of the gaged areas of the column, they are a non-gaged parallel path which introduces their errors (nonlinearity, hysteresis, and thermal response) directly into the measurement path. The diaphragms cannot be strong enough to protect the column from pure moment loads, without introducing significant errors.
- Changes in pressure due to barometric change or altitude testing act on the diaphragm, causing a zero shift. For example, a six inch diameter diaphragm would induce a force change of 375 pounds into a column cell in a test from sea level to space orbit altitude.
- The cell is quite tall, making it more difficult to integrate into compact testing equipment.
- Since the cross sectional area of the column changes with loading and is different between tension and compression modes, the output is non-linear and unsymmetrical. Non-linear semiconductor gages can be used to compensate the non-linearity, but only in one mode.
Advantages of the LowProfile Cell
By contrast, the LowProfile cell compares dramatically better in all respects to the simple column cell.
- The thermal path is massive and surrounds the whole cell. The thermal path between the outside surface and all the gages is very short. Temperature gradients are almost non-existent, and they settle out very quickly.
- Compensating resistors are mounted on the flexure, in close proximity to the gages.
- The diaphragms are used only as a sealing mechanism, not as a support, so they do not introduce appreciable errors into the cell.
- There are two opposing diaphragms, one on the top and one on the bottom of the cell. Their opposing forces due to pressure are equal and opposite, thus canceling out pressure effects.
- The cell is short and squat, thus making it much easier to integrate into system designs. Column cells range in height from 6" to 24", compared to a Low Profile cell's height with base, of 2.5" to 6.5".
- The design is intrinsically moment canceling and is rotationally symmetrical. In addition, moment cancellation is enhanced by special testing and adjustment in the factory.
- Since the cross sectional area of the flexure does not change appreciably with loading, the output is intrinsically more linear and is also symmetrical between tension and compression modes.
- The output of the shear beam cell is up to 2.5 times the output of a column cell at the same stress level in the flexure.
- The overall Low Profile design is more compact, with all the components bonded to the flexure structure, thus making it better able to withstand the 100 million cycle fatigue life.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Indirect sex discrimination definition legal in Warragul-Drouen
This is likely to mean that less women than men will be given a mortgage as more women than men work part-time. The rule therefore places you at a disadvantage. You can find out more or opt-out from some cookies. More about the EASS helpline. For more information about indirect discrimination, see Indirect discrimination.
For more information about discrimination in housing, see Discrimination in housing. This could be an example of victimisation.
It can also occur if you are supporting someone who has made a complaint of sex discrimination. Example Your optician has a rule which allows payment for glasses by instalments for those in work. A declaration, which states what the rights of the parties are; 2.
Who is this page for?
Наш indirect sex discrimination definition legal in Warragul-Drouen типа
In extreme cases of sex discrimination, you may also be entitled to resign and claim constructive dismissal. Indirect sex discrimination definition legal in Warragul-Drouen A complaint must be lodged in writing. Yes No. This included consideration as to whether the school had established that other less discriminatory alternatives were unsuitable to achieving a legitimate aim, but he went even further than this by considering the impact on society of maintaining the discriminatory policy.
An analysis of this kind might also indirect sex discrimination definition legal in Warragul-Drouen prevented the case being appealed further, as some of the issues which were subsequently successful on appeal would have been considered under a wider application of proportionality. There are significant differences in the approach to justification taken by the UK courts in comparison with the CJEU.
 - Your circumstances must be similar enough to the circumstances of the person being treated better for a valid comparison to be made.
 - The SDO is an anti-discrimination law passed in
 - There are some circumstances when being treated differently due to sex is lawful.
 - For example, someone is not offered a promotion because they're a woman and the job goes to a less qualified man.
 - This established that an indirectly discriminatory measure is justified if it meets a real need and is appropriate and necessary for meeting that need. The approach of the UK courts is assessed here by considering the development of case law in this area, both in the Employment Appeal Tribunal and in the higher courts.
 - There are 4 main types of sex discrimination: direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation. These are explained in more detail below.
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Positive action is used, often in training or advertising, to make up for a lack of equal opportunity in the past. Tel: E-mail: m govanlc. This is known as objective justification. It is not illegal to limit a sporting activity to one sex only where a member of one sex might object to physical contact with someone of the opposite sex.
For more information about gender reassignment discrimination, see Gender reassignment discrimination. If this is the case, they may be able to show that they have used positive action to hire someone with the under-represented characteristic.
Indirect sex discrimination definition legal in Warragul-Drouen
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text:
Addressing questions about including environmental effects in the DMSO HLA
Addressing questions about including environmental effects in the DMSO HLA The Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) is developing a High Level Architecture (HLA) to support the DOD Modeling and Simulation (M and S) community. Many, if not all, of the simulations involve the environment in some fashion. In some applications, the simulation takes place in an acknowledged environment without any environmental functionality being taken into account. The Joint Training Federation Prototype (JTFp) is one of several prototype efforts that have been created to provide a test of the DMSO HLA. In addition to addressing the applicability of the HLA to a training community, the JTFp is also one of two prototype efforts that is explicitly including environmental effects in their simulation effort. These two prototyping efforts are examining the issues associated with the inclusion of the environment in an HLA federation. In deciding whether or not to include an environmental federation in the JTFp effort, a number of questions have been raised about the environment and the HLA. These questions have raised the issue of incompatibility between the environment and the HLA and also shown that there is something unique about including the environment in simulations. The purpose of this White Paper, which was developed with inputs from the more »
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the latest research, business trends and innovative thinking
5/29/2014 @ 9:57PM |5,932 views
Why Engineers Make Great CEOs
They're detail-oriented, analytical and trained in systematic problem-solving. Engineers' basic qualities make them good candidates for the top.
By Yasser Al-Saleh, Senior Research Fellow at INSEAD Innovation & Policy Initiative
Corporate titans leading Australia's top 50 companies are as likely to have degrees in engineering as commerce or economics, a LeadingCompany analysis has found. And, it's not just Australian mining conglomerates where engineers are rising to the top. Around the world, a combination of sound engineering acumen with an MBA from a top business school tends to be a common path to the corner office. Microsoft CEO, Satya Nadella, is an engineer. So is General Motors' Mary Barra and Amazon's Jeff Bezos; and the list goes on. In fact, engineering has long been ranked as the most common undergraduate degree among Fortune 500 CEOs. Even Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, has an engineering PhD under his belt.
Why do engineers end up leading companies? Is it because engineers – at face value – are CEO material, or because they are more likely to have changes of heart during their career? If so, why, how and when does this occur?
Image problems
In spite of engineering's long and glorious history – think Thomas Edison, John Frank Stevens, Henry Ford, and Herbert Hoover – there seems to have been stereotypical image problems associated with the profession. While it's true engineers have often been identified as technical geeks, who excel at maths and physics, many also exude a host of socially-acceptable traits that eventually earn them the awe of their boards of directors.
Engineers, in general, are found to be good at attention to detail, problem-solving, numeracy, risk management and analysis.
On the flip side, many may lack emotional intelligence and the necessary leadership, people management, and communication abilities – soft skills which can be addressed by training to assist their transition into the management arena.
Grass is greener
So what motivates engineers to depart from their more-technically-oriented career paths and make their way to the boardroom. Of the 300+ responses to an online survey I conducted of 1,280 top-level executives holding engineering degrees, the overwhelming reason for moving up was money.
Despite engineering being one of the more financially-rewarding professions, many of the engineers-turned-CEOs surveyed noted that lawyers and bankers make vast multiples of what engineers do. We live in a world where the monetary value of professionals does not always correlate with the magnitude of value created for society (it can be argued that nurses, teachers and NGOs are important value creators; yet they make very little compared to, say, investment bankers.) and high pay seems to rank very highly as a motivation for pursuing a management position. As Rita Davenport once said, "Money is not everything, but it ranks up there with oxygen".
A safe start
Another group of engineers said their focus changed after realising a traditional engineering job no longer satisfied the desires that originally led them to pursue that career path. In fact, some discovered they had never held a genuine desire to be an engineer in the first place. The prevailing wisdom in many parts of the world, especially developing ones, is that high-achieving students are expected to enrol in either medical or engineering schools. There seems to be a widespread assumption that taking on medical or engineering studies is far more difficult than studying the humanities and social science disciplines. Some of the surveyed executives admitted that since engineers enjoy one of the lowest unemployment rates, engineering has always been perceived as a safe starting major for anyone, providing graduates with a set of skills that cannot be faked and which open doors for professional advancement.
Other recorded reasons for pursuing leadership positions included disillusionment with harsh working conditions for engineers. (the life of an engineer it seems is not as rosy as originally anticipated), while for others, it was not so much a wrong career choice, but rather a mere change of interest from a curiosity-driven fascination with how things work to a desire to make a difference or to acquire self-esteem.
"Their way" and the "wrong way"
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ActiveField™ - QuickField API Help
QuickField Student Edition free download Contacts
ActiveField Technology
What's New
Objects Overview
Hierarchy Chart
How to Start: Application Object
How to work with Problems
How to work with Model
How to work with Data
How to Analyze Results
LabelBlockHE Object
Physical properties of a block for problems of AC magnetics.
The LabelBlockHE object represents physical data applicable to the block label for time-harmonic magnetics problems.
When you need to set or modify some physical parameters for the block label, you have to get the LabelBlockHE object using the Content property of the Label object, modify the LabelBlockHE object using its properties and then put it back in the Label object assigning your LabelBlockHE to the Content property of your Label object.
The LabelBlockHE object inherits methods and properties from its base class LabelBlock. In addition, it provides properties and methods specific for time-harmonic magnetics. Those are:
Kxx (Absolute)
Get and set the components of magnetic permeability.
If the optional parameter is False or omitted, the value is considered as a relative permeability, otherwise as an absolute value.
Absolute values of magnetic permeability are measured in (H/m)
Kxx (Absolute)
Gets and sets the amplitude (peak value) of applying field source for the label.
The exact meaning of the Loading value depends upon two factors:
1. Whether the label describes conductive area (Conductivity > 0), and
2. Whether the TotalCurrent flag is set.
See the Remarks section for more details.
The same as Loading, but allows defining the current (current density, voltage) not only by a value but also by a formula of coordinates.
The phase angle (in degrees) for the Loading value.
Gets and sets the electric conductivity for the label in (S). Conductivity should be positive or zero. Zero conductivity is the case if you don't want to simulate eddy current in this area.
The same as Conductivity, but allows defining the electrical conductivity not only by a constant number but also by a formula of coordinates. The formula should always give a positive result.
Returns/sets the curve representing the dependency of electrical conductivity on temperature.
Returns True when the electrical conductivity depends on temperature and False otherwise.
Returns and sets the temperature value used for calculating the electrical conductivity. It can be either a number or a formula of coordinates. This value is only used when you do not employ importing temperature from a linked problem, or imported values are not available.
Gets and sets the flag modifying the meaning of the Loading value. See the Remarks section for details.
Gets and sets the flag specifies whether the conductors with total current or voltage applied are connected in series. See the Remarks section for details.
Returns an equivalent magnetization curve for AC condition, obtained by recalculating from the source magnetization curve for DC condition.
Following properties set/return the values of the magnetic loss coefficients in the formula of the specific volume losses: p = khf B2 + kcf2B2 + ke(f B)1.5 (W/m3). They are optional. Default zero value of any coefficient defines the zero loss of the corresponding type in the ferromagnetic material.
Sets and returns kh - hysteresis losses per volume unit of given material.
Sets and returns kc - eddy current losses per volume unit of given material. Eddy current losses may be calculated using this formula for materials with zero electrical conductivity (Conductivity or ConductivityEx) in which QuickField does not calculate the eddy currents, yet the eddy current losses should be taken into account. This may be the case for magnetic cores or laminated materials. If the electric conductivity has non zero value and QuickField calculates the eddy current - this coefficient LossEddy in the loss formula should be left with default zero value.
Sets and returns ke - additional losses in the volume unit for given material, which are not taken into account by eddy current and hysteresis losses.
You always have to set both Kxx and Kyy properties even for isotropic materials. If the Polar property is set to True, the Kxx component is considered as a radial and Kyy - as tangential component of the permeability tensor.
Creates a new empty magnetization curve, which can be further used as a parameter for the PutDCSpline method.
Returns the magnetization curve for DC condition (the source curve).
PutDCSpline (
spline as Spline frequency As Double)
Sets the DC (source) magnetization curve and the frequency value for which the curve should be recalculated.
Creates a new empty curve representing the dependency of the electrical conductivity on temperature. Returns a Spline object, which can be assigned to the ConductivitySpline property.
The method of applying sources is different for conductors and non-conductive areas. The table below shows the possible options:
TotalCurrent = True
The Loading is the total number of ampere-turns (in A).
TotalCurrent = False
The Loading is the voltage (in V) applied to conductor's terminals.
The Loading value is the current density (in A/m2)
When the total numbers of ampere-turns of the voltage is applied, you can specify how QuickField should consider several areas labeled with this label (if any). If the Serial flag is set to True, several conductors will be considered as connected in series. Serial conductors are carrying the same current and calculated current density could be different if their squares are not equal.
Please note that with time-harmonic problems you always specify amplitude (peak) values for all alternating quantities.
With nonlinear AC magnetics problem you give a standard magnetization curve for each soft magnetic material. QuickField automatically calculates the magnetization curve for AC condition keeping in mind the problem frequency. The calculated magnetization curve for AC condition is available for reading by the Spline property.
Conductivity depending on temperature
QuickField can take into account the dependency of the electrical conductivity on temperature. You give the dependency by a table, and QuickField automatically approximates it by a cubic spline. When the conductivity depends on temperature, the material is considered as isotropic.
The temperature value used for conductivity calculation is either imported from the linked problem of heat transfer analysis, or given as a number or a formula in the block label (TemperatureEx property). The imported temperature has higher priority.
The Spline object represents the functional dependency of one variable from another. You use the ConductivitySpline property to get or set the conductivity spline. If the spline does not yet exist, the ConductivitySpline property returns Nothing. In that case you have to first create a new spline using the CreateConductivityCurve and then assign the returned object to the ConductivitySpline property.
The NonLinearConductivity property (of Boolean type, read-only) returns True, when the conductivity depends on temperature for this label.
The TemperatureEx property of type Variant sets/returns a priory known temperature in the block given by a number or a formula of coordinates. The formula should always give positive value.


Reasons why you need a Dual Band Signal Amplifier
Dual band signal amplifiers are nothing new in today's technology. They are used to increase or improve network coverage, including downloading 2G and 3G data. Different amplifiers have different capacities and frequency ranges. With enhanced cell phone tones, you can get stronger tones for voice calls. It also amplifies the signals for text messages from all major operators. Basically, they help capture the most reliable cellular signal that is available outdoors. Then it transmits it safely inside without interruption.
Phone Signal Booster
This is quite common, actually.
Signal booster for Norway is widely used today by many smartphone users. In fact, for a dual band signal amplifier, all you need is an amplifier base unit, a 15-foot and 35-foot RG6 cable, an internal antenna, uninterruptible power supply, an external antenna, an input cable of flat window and mounting hardware.
Taking a look
Here are five reasons why you need one of them.
 1. Easy to transmit signals
One of these high performance devices can capture and transmit signals up to 3500 square feet. Feet without any interference. This means that with the device, a system gain of up to 69 dB is achieved.
 1. Convenient
Most of us live in apartments, where the reception of cellular signals is sometimes very difficult. This problem can be easily solved with the device, since they are ideal for all types of residential premises. Therefore, these signal amplifiers help reduce the amount of missed and missed calls. At the same time, it can provide better 3G performance, even for multiple users.
 1. Better battery life
With one of them, you can easily improve the performance of Android and iOS devices. With a strong internal signal, the battery is less discharged and, therefore, the phones last longer.
 1. Easy installation
For any successful device, you must easily configure it, and these devices do not disappoint. The devices do not need specialists to configure. A window input cable can be easily accessed and easily used to tune a signal amplifier.


text: A graduate of Simon Fraser University with a French Major, Ravi Lochan has pursued a career in language education focussing on how it can influence and even create a person's perception of the world around them throughout history, using channels such as rhetoric, poetry, music, literature and media. His lessons emphasize the importance of thinking beyond the classroom and believes the best way to learn is through experience, such as travelling. His teaching experience includes, tutoring French, English and math in Canada as well as two years teaching English and humanities in the French countryside. He also travelled across Spain, volunteered in Guatemala and visited Monaco, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Mexico. When he's not travelling or talking about astrophysics or worldly and historical events you can find him hiking in the mountains, bouldering or reading and enjoying a cup of coffee.


inclusive smear tests
The smear factor: One woman's fight to make smear tests accessible
Every year 1,200 people with a learning disability die unnecessarily from inappropriate healthcare. With less than a third of women with a learning disability attending a smear test, the impact is undoubtedly contributing to this number. We talk to one woman preparing for her first smear test.


DLS Special: Three decades riding the photonic crystal fibre wave
Thirty years ago I proposed that a hair-thin glass fibre perforated along its length with an array of microscopic hollow channels might guide light in novel ways. In such a "photonic crystal fibre" (PCF) the hollow channels would strongly scatter light and thus could be used to "corral" it within a central hollow or solid core. Initially it was far from clear that such an intricate microstructure could ever be made, since nothing comparable had previously been attempted. Nevertheless, after several years of trying different approaches, the first light-guiding PCF emerged from the drawing tower in late 1995, ushering in a new age of fibre optics. By offering enhanced control over the propagation of guided light, PCF has led to a whole series of scientific and technical breakthroughs in the science of light. Solid-core versions are being used to transform invisible infrared laser pulses into white light millions of times brighter than the sun – revolutionary new light sources with a multitude of applications. Hollow core PCFs filled with gas are used to compress infrared laser pulses to durations a million-billion times shorter than a second, underpinning a range of unique and extremely bright sources of tuneable deep and vacuum ultraviolet light. When chirally twisted, PCF acts like an impeller, creating optical vortices with fascinating properties. In hollow core PCF, small particles can be optically trapped and propelled over long distances and used as moveable point sensors. In the lecture I will look back over the last 30 years, and discuss how some of the scientific discoveries made possible by PCF have evolved into real-world applications.
To attend, please register here for our DLS newsletter. You will then receive the link for the zoom conference by e-mail shortly before the presentation.
« Back to list
Logo Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light
17.05.2021 15:00 o'clock - 18:00 o'clock
Prof. Dr. Philip Russell
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light
Staudtstraße 2 | D- 91058 Erlangen
+49 9131 7133-805


Ecstasy - Meaning of Ecstasy, What does Ecstasy mean?
home > girl names > ecstasy
Ecstasy - Meaning of Ecstasy
What does Ecstasy mean?
Meaning of the name Ecstasy
[ 3 syll. ec-(s)ta-sy, ecs-t-asy ] The baby girl name Ecstasy is pronounced EHKSTAHSiy †. Ecstasy has its origins in the English-American language. The meaning of Ecstasy is 'filled with extreme happiness'.
Ecstasy has 11 variant forms. Variant forms of the name include Ecstacea, Ecstacee, Ecstacey, Ecstaci, Ecstacie, Ekstacea, Ekstacee, Ekstacey, Ekstaci, Ekstacie, and Ekstasy.
Baby names that sound like Ecstasy include Ekstasy, Ecstacee, Ecstacey, Ecstaci, Ecstacie, Ekstacee, Ekstacey, Ekstaci, Ekstacie, Exodus, Agetha, Ecstacea, Ekstacea, Engedea, Engedeah, and Egda.
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Ecstasy - Meaning of Ecstasy, What does Ecstasy mean?


text:
Exhibits and Displays
The displays in the shop will change over time.
The window display originally hosted a specially commissioned interactive exhibition about the opinions of the people of Gillingham. Locals were asked what they thought about climate change and Kingsnorth and their comments displayed in the window as speech bubbles. Passers by were invited to identify friends and neighbours from the drawn portraits and to have themselves added to the display.
Inside we have a display from the local World Development Movement group which looks at the likely impact of climate change on Kent. There is also a display being developed with the help of people who come into the shop which tracks the journey our food takes to our plates along with related waste and greenhouse gas emissions.
Previous displays include one about the closure of this countries only wind turbine factory. The isle of wight production of Vestas was moved to the USA with the loss of over 600 jobs – apparently due to lack of orders despite the UK government saying it is committed to providing renewable energy and green jobs. People were invited to write messages of support for the workers.
Another exhibition which has now gone elsewhere was the Climate Roadshow which explored 'future scenarios' as predicted through three lenses: science, permaculture and economics. What all future scenarios demonstrate is that humanity is now at a critical junction. The generations of people here now will either be the people who commit the most collosal moral failure in history, or we will start a massive enterprise in transition. None of us can succeed in addressing the root causes of the problem alone; but collectively, we have a window of an opportunity to act.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
VTS as a Pedagogy for Adult ELL
Patricia Lannes, CALTA21 Co-Founder and Project Director, reflects on why she chose VTS as a pedagogy for this initiative when working with English language learners in museums and in the classroom.
CALTA21 (Cultures And Literacies Through Art for the 21st Century) is an IMLS (Institute of Museums and Library Services) funded initiative under the National Leadership Grant category designed to create a national replicable model that builds academic, social and cultural capital among adult immigrants and their families. This project partners art museums with English programs in higher education institutions. CALTA21 seeks to engage and empower adult English language learners (ELL) by strengthening their language and critical thinking skills as well as supporting the recovery of their own voices.
After many years of implementing VTS with adult English language learners in different settings, we chose VTS as the pedagogy for CALTA21 since it is particularly suited to benefit adult English language learners.
Art addresses rich and complex life issues that adults can relate to, even if they lack the language to fully communicate their interpretations. Given the nature of VTS's open ended questions, students can have different entry points to a work of art and find an opportunity to address issues relevant to them. Art and VTS allow them to bring a wealth of background experiences to the conversation. Through VTS, students can share their knowledge in a "sovereign" way. "What do you see that makes you say that" allows them to bring that personal background experience to support their point. Classes of adult students participating in CALTA21 are composed by individuals from many different cultures, religions, countries of origins, ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds and literacy levels. Art and VTS give them the context to engage in intercultural dialogue and discussion.
VTS discussions ask the viewer to use higher order thinking skills, to understand metaphors, to think in abstract, to speculate and to infer. Those skills are then supported by the development of lower order thinking skills, such as vocabulary and grammar. Adults respond and engage first through the VTS discussion and the teacher then uses scaffolding strategies that specifically build the lower order thinking skills.
Through these discussions students get very involved in the conversation, take risks in a safe and predictable environment and "unlock their tongues" by leaving aside the right/wrong answer framework. Engagement and comfort liberates the viewer from the language barrier, many times body language kicks in and words flow, even if the English syntax is not perfect. Teachers learn from their students' comments and acquire a new window into their lives and minds.
Language learners rely on their senses when exploring a new culture and they are used to use visual perception. Visualization is a powerful tool for them, and VTS provides them with the opportunity to store a bank of images in their memory that will enrich their imagination and sharpen observation skills that will reinforce the language acquisition process.
Paraphrasing not only validates students' comments, but also gives teachers an opportunity to introduce new vocabulary, while pointing at the part of the image that introduces a new word or concept. Teachers participating in CALTA21 also write the new words so that students can connect word to image. A bank of words generated by the students ensures interest and relevancy for the writing exercises that follow the verbal discussion.
Linking different comments gives each student the opportunity to understand that their different opinion is still valid as it is supported by evidentiary thinking. Paraphrasing and linking are very empowering strategies that strengthen student's sense of self and of uniqueness of their voice.
CALTA21 also intends to make art museums accessible to adult immigrant students in a meaningful way. Its curriculum is designed to be conducted during eight classroom sessions and two museum trips. By having practiced VTS in the classroom, regardless of their art prior knowledge, they arrive to the museum with a strategy that enables them to tackle a work of art in a predictable way, while connecting with it personally.
VTS's training methods prepare teachers to use art in the classroom and to facilitate discussions that otherwise might not have occurred given that literacy and English teachers might not feel comfortable using art. The facilitator's neutrality during a discussion creates a shift in the concept of knowledge ownership. The creation of knowledge relies on the group; therefore knowledge is the result of a group construction and hence acquires a new meaning. This is a powerful paradigm for an adult who might feel that the lack of command of a language makes him or her less knowledgeable.
CALTA21 seeks to develop academic skills, build social and cultural capital and foster civic engagement among its participating students. We have found that VTS is a very appropriate methodology that engages and empowers adult English Language learners and that it opens doors to the art and museum world in an accessible and inclusive manner. Once art and museums become meaningful and are used in authentic and relevant ways by the students and their teachers, it is up to them to dig deeper and continue their quest of what more art and museums can offer them.
Contact Patricia Lannes at _EMAIL_
This article originally appeared on April 24, 2012 in the VTS newsletter.


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Because reduced uranium species have a much smaller solubility than oxidized uranium species and because of the strong association of organic matter (a powerful reductant) with many uranium ores, reduction has long been considered to be the precipitation mechanism for many types of uranium deposits. Organic matter may also be involved in the alterations in and around tabular uranium deposits, including dolomite precipitation, formation of silicified layers, iron-titanium oxide destruction, dissolution of quartz grains, and precipitation of clay minerals. The diagenetic processes that produced these alterations also consumed organic matter. Consequently, those tabular deposits that underwent the more advanced stages of diagenesis, including methanogenesis and organic acid generation, display the greatest range of alterations and contain the smallest amount of organic matter. Because of certain similarities between tabular uranium deposits and Precambrian unconformity-related deposits, some of the same processes might have been involved in the genesis of Precambrian unconformity-related deposits. Hydrologic studies place important constraints on genetic models of various types of uranium deposits. In roll-front deposits, oxidized waters carried uranium to reductants (organic matter and pyrite derived from sulfate reduction by organic matter). After these reductants were oxidized at any point in the host sandstone, uranium minerals were reoxidized and transported further down the flow path to react with additional reductants. In this manner, the uranium ore migrated through the sandstone at a rate slower than the mineralizing ground water. In the case of tabular uranium deposits, the recharge of surface water into the ground water during flooding of lakes carried soluble humic material to the water table or to an interface where humate precipitated in tabular layers. These humate layers then established the chemical conditions for mineralization and related alterations. In the case of Precambrian unconformity-related deposits, free thermal convection in the thick sandstones overlying the basement rocks carried uranium to concentrations of organic matter in the basement rocks.
Additional Publication Details
The roles of organic matter in the formation of uranium deposits in sedimentary rocks


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Soccer, the most popular mass spectator sport in the world, has always remained a marker of identities of various sorts. Behind the façade of its obvious entertainment aspect, it has proved to be a perpetuating reflector of nationalism, ethnicity, community or communal identity, and cultural specificity. Naturally therefore, the game is a complex representative of minorities' status especially in countries where minorities play a crucial role in political, social, cultural or economic life. The question is also important since in many nations success in sports like soccer has been used as an instrument for assimilation or to promote an alternative brand of nationalism. Thus, Jewish teams in pre-Second World War Europe were set up to promote the idea of a muscular Jewish identity. Similarly, in apartheid South Africa, soccer became the game of the black majority since it was excluded from the two principal games of the country – rugby and cricket. In India, on the other hand, the Muslim minorities under colonial rule appropriated soccer to assert their community-identity.
The book examines why in certain countries, minorities chose to take up the sport while in others they backed away from participating in the game or, alternatively, set up their own leagues and practised self-exclusion. The book examines European countries like the Netherlands, England and France, the USA, Africa, Australia and the larger countries of Asia – particularly India.
This book was previously published as a special issue of Soccer and Society.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: Minorities and The Global Game Kausik Bandyopadhyay 2. Forgotten Fields? Centralizing the Experiences of Minority Ethnic Men's Football Clubs in England Daniel Burdsey 3. Playing Games with 'Race': Understanding Resistance to 'Race' Equality Initiatives in English Local Football Governance Jim Lusted 4. North or South? Darron Gibson and the Issue of Player Eligibility Within Irish Soccer David Hassan, Shane McCullough and Elizabeth Moreland 5. Deutschland über Alles: Discrimination in German Football Christos Kassimeris 6. The Dream of Social Mobility: Ethnic Minority Players in Danish Football Clubs Sine Agergaard and Jan Kahr Sørensen 7. The Promise of Soccer in America: the Open Play of Ethnic Subcultures Derek Van Rheenen 8. Association Football to Fútbol: Ethnic Succession and the History of Chicago-Area Soccer Since 1920 David Trouille 9. No Single Pattern: Australian Migrant Minorities and the Round Ball Code in Victoria Roy Hay and Nick Guoth 10. In Search of an Identity: The Muslims and Football in Colonial India Kausik Bandyopadhyay 11. Colonial Legacy, Minorities and Association Football in Kenya Wycliffe W. Simiyu Njororai 12. Not Just for Men: Israeli Women Who Fancy Football Amir Ben-Porat
Kausik Bandyopadhyay, an Academic Editor of Soccer and Society, teaches History at West Bengal State University, Barasat, India. A former Fellow at the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, Kolkata, Dr. Bandyopadhyay is the author of Playing Off the Field: Explorations in the History of Sport (Kolkata: Towards Freedom, 2007) and Playing for Freedom: A Historic Sports Victory (New Delhi: Standard Publishers, 2008); co-author of A Social History of Indian Football: Striving to Score (London: Routledge, 2006); and co-editor of Fringe Nations in World Soccer (London: Routledge, 2008).


Lubbock Roommate Violence Penalties
Home > Lubbock Domestic Violence Lawyer > Lubbock Roommate Violence Lawyer > Lubbock Roommate Violence Penalties
Criminal consequences of roommate violence in Lubbock include two things: punishment and collateral consequences. Punishment is defined in the statutes as time in jail and a financial fine. In addition to those are collateral consequences, which are the additional civil state penalties. This can include probation, classes mandated for the person to take (like anger management classes).
If there are any protective orders that come about, the person will be on the role of protective orders with the Department of Public Safety. This will endanger a person's ability to get a handgun and to carry ammunition. All of those are consequences that a person can face.
Immediate criminal consequences include getting handcuffed, booked, and having a picture taken. A person convicted of a roommate violence penalty might end up in the newspaper as well, facing social damage. Other social repercussions include work, family, and friend complications that may arise after a domestic violence charge.
Long-term Consequences
The long-term consequences of roommate violence penalties include having a criminal charge on an individual's record. If charged and convicted, a person facing roommate violence penalties are not eligible for non-disclosure. That means when a person has a criminal offense, there are two ways to hide that offense and to protect a person's future for background checks or something else. One way to hide the criminal offense is through an expunction of public records, which a person can only get in limited circumstances. Those circumstances do not exist for someone who gets convicted of a roommate violence penalty in Lubbock.
A person penalized for a roommate violence charge should get an order of non-disclosure, which means the records will not be public or easily obtained. For an employment application, for example, the person is allowed by law to say they never did it. The government can still see it, but that employer will never find it unless that employer happens to be a regulated industry such as the military or the medical field. So there still can be a list of people can see the roommate violence penalty.
Another long-term consequence is called an enhancement. This is a situation in which a person with a prior conviction face an increase in their penalty when they obtain another conviction. People often think they may never get involved with assault again, but it happens. A person likely did not plan to get involved in the one that they were convicted for the first time. Circumstances can get out of control sometimes, so someone can find themselves with an enhanced punishment. Those are some of the long-term consequences.
Building a Strong Defense
Getting a professional, experienced Lubbock domestic violence lawyer is important if you want to avoid both short-term and long-term consequences of a roommate violence penalty. Call one today to see what you can to do avoid such punishments.
Contact Us for a Free Consultation
Lubbock Roommate Violence Lawyer


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The current guidelines adopted at the general meeting of the MVUB can be summarized as follows:
- The main concern of the MVUB is to support intermediate staff at the University of Bern. The MVUB promotes this concern emphatically at all levels of the university. It develops innovative support tools.
- The MVUB promotes personnel structures that establish optimum framework conditions and specific prospects for intermediate staff.
- The MVUB creates proposals for intermediate staff to support and fund careers within and outside the university.
- The MVUB aims to have a broad membership base to support its activities.
- The MVUB looks after the interests of the intermediate staff of the University of Bern in the national context.


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Broad L Broad L
Let's have a look at the variations of the broad L sound in Gaelic.
The broad L sound is made by resting your tongue behind your front teeth while pronouncing the letter, and occurs when the L is next to an a, o, or u. The broad L can be heard in latha (a day):
a good day
The broad L can be heard in the middle of a word in balach (a boy):
Finally, the broad L can be heard at the end of words such as ceòl (music), as well:


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Rock Falls Middle School 7th graders spent the day at Morrison Tech building paper towers, operating robots and prototyping whistles and screwdrivers. Those were just a few of the activities taking place at Morrison Tech's 7th Grade Applied Science and Engineering Day. In 2014 the college introduced this event to inspire young students to follow academic and career paths in STEM – science, technology, engineering and math.
Morrison Tech faculty members and students opened their classrooms and labs to demonstrate different activities that engineering technologists perform. The students engaged in various hands-on activities including: principles of building design, design process/prototype, micro controller programing, robotics, manufacturing activities, construction materials and engineering a bridge design.
The 7th Graders learn in combined groups how engineering technicians help society and what role they play in the engineering field. Alongside the hands-on activities the students apply engineering skills such as: collaboration, problem solving, creativity and critical thinking skills.
The event kicks off with a welcome and an introduction to the college. Following the introduction the students had four morning breakout sessions. After a break for lunch the students finished up with two more activities. The day concluded with a wrap up from a faculty member.
As a premier engineering technology college, Morrison Tech is dedicated to STEM outreach for students. "Our goal is to get them excited," Chris Scott, President, said "when you get them to do that, it's amazing."
A STEM education offers a hands on curriculum that focuses on a student-centered learning environment. Students begin to problem solve real life issues. In the 21st century, scientific and technological innovations have become increasingly important. Student must begin to develop their capabilities in STEM to succeed in the new information based and highly technological society. In order to compete in a global economy STEM education must be a national priority. Introducing a STEM education is important, especially in the lower grades levels of education, ideally hoping to spark an interest in pursuing a STEM career. Activities, such as the ones held at Morrison Tech help pull together the ideas presented in middle schools. Showing students how these skills benefit our society and even our world as a whole.


3 Reasons Why You May Feel Tired on the GF Diet
Why you feel tired on the GF diet
 1. Lack of fiber and protein in the diet
This is by far, very common in not only individuals with celiac disease, but the general population. Protein and fiber helps to hold blood sugars stable, which is one thing that contributes to energy levels. Stable blood sugar = stable and consistent energy levels.
Often times, many people forget to include protein at breakfast and lunch and load up with a giant steak or chicken breast at dinner. Without adequate protein earlier in the day, energy levels will falter and you'll be finding yourself wanting to take a snooze instead of being productive!
In terms of fiber, many people also don't get enough. The average Canadian gets ~10-15g of fiber per day. The recommended amount is 25-38g per day. In individuals with celiac disease, a low fiber diet is even more common as celiacs tend to eat a lot of white rice products (low fiber) and other grains and products made with low fiber grains and starchs such as cereals, breads, pastas and bars.
Without consistent fiber intake at meals and snacks, blood sugars will be more likely to up and down vs stable which will contribute to uneven energy levels.
Check out this breakfast post which includes ways to revamp your gluten free breakfast.
2. Skipping meals and/or meals that are not nutritionally balanced
Most people need 3 meals/day and, perhaps, 1 snack especially if you are someone that goes more than 5 hours between meals. Going without food for a long period of time may also contribute to uneven blood sugars which will have a negative effect on energy levels. Sometimes, people go so long without eating and mention to me that they have no problems going so long without food. But then once they eat, they find themselves gorging on food because they all of a sudden are STARVING and seem constantly hungry. This is your hunger hormone, ghrelin, at work. The longer your stomach is empty (iethe longer you go without eating), the more of this hormone is secreted by your stomach. The higher your levels, the hungrier you get and it will be a, purely, biological drive to eat to satisfy that hunger. As you can imagine, eating a large amount of food in one sitting is most definitely going to make you feel lethargic.
In addition, if your meals aren't balanced, it may also make it difficult to stabilize your energy levels. This has a lot to do with consistent and adequate fiber and protein at meals, which is discussed above.
3. Low lab parameters
Individuals with celiac disease are at higher risk for nutritional deficiencies as well as other autoimmune conditions that can contribute to fatigue. So, as a rule of thumb it is good to rule these out:
 - Hashimotos (or autoimmune thyroid disease). You can test for this condition with your doctor by looking at TSH, thyroid antibodies and additional parameters such as T3 and T4.
 - Iron deficiency anemia or low iron. Your doctor can order this test by ordering a CBC and ferritin level.
 - Low B12 levels. This is another type of anemia and your doctor can order this test by ordering a B12 level.
 - Low copper. This should be tested when iron levels are unresponsive to iron supplementation. Your doctor would order a copper level.
What to Eat for Improved Energy Levels:
 - Aim for 3 meals per day and snacks so that you are going no longer than about 5 hours without eating.
 - Aim for 7-10g of fiber at each meal. In order to achieve this, aim to make half your plate vegetables, 1/4 plate whole grains or fruit and 1/4 plate protein (choosing beans/legumes or nuts/seeds often for your protein choice).
 - Include ~15g of protein at breakfast, and 20-30g of protein at lunch and dinner.
 - Address low lab parameters individually with your medical doctor or dietitian.
Good Sources of Fiber:
 - Fruit, especially oranges, berries, apples, and pears
 - Vegetables, especially leafy greens, avocado, green beans, carrots and cruciferous veggies
 - Whole grains including GF oats, brown rice, teff, millet, quinoa and buckwheat
 - Beans and legumes including lentils, chickpeas, black beans, white beans, edamame beans, tofu, tempeh, 'noodles' or 'rice' made from beans etc.
 - Ground flax, psyllium husk and chia seeds
Good Sources of Protein:
 - Hemp hearts, almonds, cashews, sunflower seeds and other nuts and seeds
 - Yogurt, cheese, cottage cheese, cows milk, soy milk
 - Eggs, chicken, turkey, salmon, beef, moose, duck etc.
Sample Day of a Energy Boosting Diet:
7am: 1/2 cup GF large flakes oats, cooked, topped with 1/4 cup walnuts, 1 TBP ground flax, a handful of blueberries, topped with some yogurt/cream (optional) and a drizzle of maple syrup and shake of cinnamon.
Fiber = 11g; Protein = 13g
12pm: 3/4 cup cooked quinoa, tossed with 1/2 cup cooked edamame, 1/4 cup chopped cucumber, 1/4 cup chopped cherry tomatoes, 3 TBP feta cheese, 1 cup spinach, tossed with your favourite salad dressing.
Fiber = 13g; Protein 22g
4pm: apple
Fiber = 4g
6:30pm: 4-5oz salmon with maple seasoning, 1/2 cup roasted sweet potato, 1 cup roasted broccoli, 1 sliced orange
Fiber 10g; Protein = 28g
Total Fiber 38g; Protein 63g
 1. Great insights! I'm also struggling for a healthier me, I've even start running with SportMe marathon training app and I can say I'm on the right track now. Nutrition is an important part of my losing weight plan, and your blog posts are a true inspiration!
 2. Hello, I went through your entire post and I must say that you have done a great job there. Keep on sharing more, I'll go through your other posts too.
leave a comment on this post (we LOVE to hear from you!)


Common Brushtail Possum
The Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus Vulpecula) is an Australian and New Zealand marsupial mammal. Trichosurus Vulpecula means furry tailed little fox, but it is not a fox, and it is not related to the fox.
The Common Brushtail Possum is silver-grey, brown, black, or a golden colour, with large pointed ears and an extremely bushy tail that can wrap around branches. Its inner ears and nose are pink. It has short, fine black whiskers, and big, round brown eyes. Its feet have sharp claws with a strong grip.
Common Brushtail Possum
Common Brushtail Possum
The Common Brushtail Possum is the largest of all native Australian possums. It can grow to 32-58 centimetres (12-23 inches). Its tail measures about 24-40 centimetres (9-16 inches) long.
It is nocturnal (active at night) and semi-arboreal (living in trees).
The Common Brushtail Possum is a folivore, because it mainly eats leaves. It particularly likes eucalyptus (gum) leaves, but it will also eat fruit and vegetables.
Animals that eat possums include tiger quolls, foxes, cats, goanna lizards, snakes, and some owls.
It is native to Australia and New Zealand, around the coast and in the hinterlands, but not in central Australia, because there are no eucalyptus trees in the desert.
It is a marsupial mammal because it has a front pouch in which the young are raised (like kangaroos). It nests in tree hollows, caves, and the roofs of houses. Females are pregnant for about 18 days, before giving birth to one young, called a joey.
Photographer: Martina Nicolls
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My interest in the "Black Sun" as a symbol and a metaphor began when I read Stanton Marlon's book The Black Sun.
It is a symbol that evokes death, depression, suicide, and nihilism, but The Black Sun also shines with eerie, numinous luminescence. If the white light of the noonday sun is a symbol of positivity, optimism, the Ego's plans for perpetual growth, the paradoxical light of the Black Sun is a symbol of egoicide and rebirth through creativity.
Under this weird illumination, depression is not (just) a disease to be cured by medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy, but a call to creative action.
I have the sense that in our consumer-capitalist frenzy of relentless activity and growth we attempt to abolish melancholia, boredom, and grief. The Black Sun is desperately needed as balance to the Tyranny of our well ultra-bright, smiling world.
The Black Sun is a portal that allows the depressed and despairing a path to avoid literal suicide through symbolic egoicide. This path leads into darkness instead of away from it, and reveals an unexpected bounty of compassion, gratitude and awe.
"Do not then close your eyes to the agonizing Sphinx, but look her in the face, and let her seize you in her mouth, and crunch you with her hundred thousand poisonous teeth, and swallow you. And when she has swallowed you, you will know the sweetness of the taste of suffering." – C.G. Jung


Why is geriatric care in high demand?
Why is geriatric care in high demand?
Geriatric care is in high demand because people are living longer. As a result of wellness awareness, health care facilities have developed wellness centers to help people make healthy decisions. Methods of cost containment include outpatient services, preventive care, and energy conservation.
What is the main type of healthcare system currently used in the United States?
private healthcare system
What kinds of patients do behavioral health facilities treat?
Examples: Psychiatric residential centers are tailored to people with a chronic psychiatric disorder, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or who have a dual diagnosis (i.e., a mental disorder and substance abuse problems), which impairs their ability to function independently.
What is the best solution for mental health?
READ: What age should you see a geriatric doctor?
What are three methods that are used to treat mental disorders?
 - Behavioral therapy.
 - Cognitive therapy.
 - Interpersonal therapy.
 - Psychoanalysis.
 - Psychodynamic psychotherapy.
 - Supportive psychotherapy.
What was the first drug to treat mental illness?
In 1948, lithium was first used as a psychiatric medicine. One of the most important discoveries was chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic that was first given to a patient in 1952.
How can I improve my mental health naturally?
How to look after your mental health
 2. Keep active.
 3. Eat well.
 4. Drink sensibly.
 5. Keep in touch.
 6. Ask for help.
 7. Take a break.
 8. Do something you're good at.
Do mental illnesses get worse with age?


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The introduction of the Metadata extension within the Solana ecosystem significantly enhances the capabilities of token issuers by allowing them to attach customizable key-value pairs directly to a Mint Account. This extension fundamentally broadens the scope of what can be achieved with tokens, particularly in domains such as gaming, by enabling the embedding of custom metadata within each token. Such an advancement opens up myriad possibilities for how tokens can be utilized, interacted with, and represented.
Token Metadata Interface
The Token Metadata Interface standardizes the procedure for adding metadata to tokens, offering a defined structure and a set of instructions for managing metadata. This interface can be implemented by any program, affording developers the flexibility to craft bespoke Metadata Programs. This universal interface ensures compatibility across the Solana ecosystem, allowing wallets, decentralized applications (dApps), and other on-chain programs to seamlessly access and interact with token metadata.
Metadata Interface Fields
The interface delineates a standard format for the
TokenMetadata struct, which includes fields for basic token information such as name, symbol, and URI, in addition to an
additional_metadata field for custom key-value pairs. This design permits the inclusion of extensive and varied data about tokens, thus accommodating a wide range of use cases.
Metadata Interface Instructions
The interface specifies a concise set of instructions for interacting with token metadata:
- Initialize: Sets up the initial metadata fields.
- UpdateField: Allows for the modification of existing fields or the addition of new key-value pairs.
- RemoveKey: Facilitates the removal of key-value pairs from the
- UpdateAuthority: Enables the change of authority for metadata modification.
- Emit: Ensures the metadata can be emitted in the standard
TokenMetadataformat, thereby supporting diverse account data storage formats.
To leverage the Metadata extension, developers initiate by creating a Mint Account that enables both the MetadataPointer and TokenMetadata extensions. This approach consolidates metadata management into a single account, streamlining the process of metadata addition and modification.
The process involves several key steps:
- Mint Account Setup: Define the properties of the Mint Account, including the metadata to be stored.
- Account and Extension Initialization: Calculate the required account size and lamports for rent exemption, create the Mint Account, and initialize the necessary extensions.
- Metadata Management: Implement the instructions to add, update, and remove metadata as needed.
Advantages and Opportunities
The Metadata extension presents numerous advantages and opportunities for developers:
- Enhanced Token Utility: By embedding custom metadata directly into tokens, developers can create more complex and engaging token-based applications and games.
- Ecosystem Standards: The extension fosters the development of new standards for using metadata on-chain, encouraging collaboration within the developer community to explore innovative uses of token metadata.
- Simplified Process: Directly storing metadata on a Mint Account simplifies the metadata management process, reducing complexity and enhancing efficiency.


Main content
Water Tanks
We all know that water is one of the most precious things that we have and we also know that it can get pretty scarce at times and as a result rain water tanks have now become compulsory in new built homes in most states across Australia.
Architect Sally Dominguez wanted to do her bit for sustainability and didn't have space for a traditional tank so she designed one herself. The difference between the waterHOG and a lot of other tanks is that it's small in size but the designed so that you can slot as many of the tanks together as you need or have space for. It can go up against a wall; it can go under a deck, under the ground, down in the basement, upright or lying down. $260
TankMaster Donut and Bagel Underground
As the name suggests these tanks need to go underground. The Donut shape holds 3000 litres and costs $2775. The Bagel holds 5000 litres and costs $3873. This design is great if you want your tank out of sight, but it is hard to detect any leaks or make any repairs once it's installed.
So if you got a house and use water, it's time to take in a tank. You'll be helping to create a sustainable future and your water bills will be way down. You know councils give rebates of up to $600.
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We report on the simulation and characterisation of compound phase-shifted fiber Bragg structures for use as novel in-fiber magneto-optical point sensors. Through simulation we show that the Faraday rotation spectra of phase-shifted gratings can be tailored by tuning the ratio of substructure lengths. A design process for tailoring the magneto-optical spectrum is illustrated, and it is shown that a general optimum structure exists for producing a region of total reflection incorporating magneto-optical Faraday rotation that is enhanced both in strength and spectral width. A practical optical fiber system that exploits the proposed distributed feedback (DFB) structures to enable novel all-fiber sensors for the dual measurement of magnetic field strength and temperature is described in detail, and the sensor response is simulated. The study is supported by laboratory fabrication of the proposed fiber DFB structures which demonstrates the principle of enhancement in terms of tailored group delay spectra and highlights practical issues for sensor packaging.
© 2010 IEEEPDF Article


Preserving legacy data is the key to a smooth migration
Nearly every business today has some systems they use to store data. It can be as elaborate as a 3rd party specialized application or as simple as an Excel spreadsheet or shared document library. Regardless of the form, that legacy data is what is driving the business today and likely is critical as you transition to a new and more streamlined system. PRESERVING THAT DATA IS CRITICAL!
Question – How do we get the data into the new SharePoint format?
The answers depend on how it's currently stored. Lynch Interactive has migrated a lot of data and it usually involves a few stages.
Analyse Current Data
How is the data stored? Open system or closed? SQL or Excel? Exportable or requires manual copy/paste?
What data will we need to preserver? Everything in the source? Parts of each record? Selected Records? By Date? By Status? How can we clean up the data?
What new data do we need? New columns? Additional sources? Possible to automate or manual entry?
Movement Automation
The most common question is how do we move the data without manually re-entering everything. At Lynch Interactive, our goal is always to minimize the manual labor. There is almost always some level of clean up of the data that could or should be done prior to import but that is a personal choice.
The old saying goes – "Bad Data In – Bad Data Out" so it really comes down to what your tolerance is. We have software to move data, modern pages allow a lot of cut and past and the exact method really depends on the volume and complexity.
We will have a plan that sequentially imports the data into the appropriate storage spot, the amount of work vary but the end result will be usable clean data if we follow the plan and recommendations.


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The shingle urchin or helmet urchin (Colobocentrotus atratus) is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae. In Hawaii it is known as "kaupali" which translates as "cliff-clinging". It is found on wave-swept intertidal shores in the Indo-West Pacific, particularly on the shores of Hawaii.
This urchin is a deep maroon colour and shaped like a domed limpet. It can grow as big as a soft ball but is usually much smaller. The upper surface is a mosaic of tiny polygonal plates formed from modified spines to form a smooth mosaic. This is fringed by a ring of large, flattened modified spines. On the underside there is another ring of smaller flattened spines and a large number of tube feet.
In a test comparing shingle urchins to other species of urchin, it was found that their ability to withstand being washed away by moving water excelled. A combination of their shape, their flattened spines and particularly the strong adhesion of their tube feet made them three times as resistant as other species such as Echinometra. This enables them to live on inhospitable wave-battered shorelines.


and type of SLAM. For this simulation, we will be doing 2D slam with simulated IMU and laser scan data as inputs. The Cartographer ROS settings are configured in the racer_2d_cartographer.launch file.
The os1_sensor.urdf file is loaded and the robot_state_publisher node publishes the state defined in the URDF file to the /TF topic.
The cartographer_ros node is also initialized, configured by loading the racer_2d.lua file. We also remap the IMU and laser scan data from their default topics to the topics output by the simulated robot and OS-1 sensor.
Lastly, the cartographer_occupancy_grid_node is run. The occupancy_grid_node listens to the submaps published by SLAM, builds a ROS occupancy_grid out of them and publishes it. Generating the map is expensive and slow, so map updates are in the order of seconds.
This launch file is then integrated into the broader system simulation launch file.
Running the Simulation
The entire simulation is defined by the rc_laser_map.launch file. This file loads the simulation as well as all the relevant supporting ROS nodes to produce the required data for Cartographer to function.
The first portion of the file defines default values for several parameters that can be used to customize the simulation. These values can be overwritten via the command line when launching the simulation.
Next, the Gazebo simulation is started by loading the appropriate world file and spawning the robot with its integrated sensors. Then several nodes are loaded that allow the user to control the robot via the keyboard or joystick. The pointcloud_to_laserscan node is then loaded to convert the 3D pointcloud to a 2D laser scan. This makes computation simpler and also increases the flexibility of the system. Some ROS nodes only support LaserScan inputs and not PointCloud2 inputs. Lastly, the racer_2d_cartographer.launch file is executed which launches Cartographer with its specific configurations described earlier.
The video below shows the vehicle navigating the environment. Cartographer provides an RViz plugin which allows the visualization of submaps, the trajectory, and constraints.
OS1 RC Car Cartographer ROS Gazebo Simulation
Once the environment is sufficiently mapped the map file can be saved and it can be loaded later. This is done with the map_server ROS package
rosrun map_server map_saver -f /tmp/my_map
This creates two files. The YAML file describes the map metadata, and names the image file. The image file encodes the occupancy data. An example image of the occupancy grid map is shown below:
OS1 RC Car ROS Simulation Cartographer Map
Running on Real-world Data
The next step is to move from the simulated environment to the real world environment. Since the Cartographer system setup was validated in simulation, it's fairly straightforward to develop a working implementation on data collected in the real world. There will be some minor changes and parameter tuning to reflect the real world environment. We will run Cartographer in both 2D and 3D modes on data collected from an OS-1-64 mounted on a push cart and also from an OS-1-64 mounted on an RC car.
Indoor Data Collection
The first step is to collect data from your environment. Before running everything on the integrated RC car, we will collect data in a simpler and more controlled environment. In the first example, an OS-1-64 is mounted to a cart with a laptop as shown in the image below.
OS1 Cart Mount for Data Collection
The cart was manually pushed around the office. The standard ouster_ros sensor client package was used to configure the sensor and interface with ROS. The os1_cloud_node/points and os1_cloud_node/imu topics were recorded.
Validate ROS.bag File
Cartographer ROS provides a tool named cartographer_rosbag_validate to automatically analyze data present in your bag. It is generally a good idea to run this tool before trying to tune Cartographer for incorrect data.
It benefits from the experience of the Cartographer authors and can detect a variety of mistakes commonly found in bags. The tool can also provide tips on how to improve the quality of your data.
The tool can be run with the following command:
rosrun cartographer_ros cartographer_rosbag_validate -bag_filename
This produces the following output:
Cartographer ROSbag Validation Output
Run Cartographer
We will use the demo_cart_2d.launch file to replay the collected data and run Cartographer. This file loads Cartographer via the cart_2d.launch file, launches RViz preconfigured with the demo_2d.rviz settings, and replays the bag file passed via the bag_filename parameter on the command line.
The cart_2d.launch file loads the os1_sensor.urdf file to get the transformations between the IMU and sensor components required by Cartographer. It then launches the cartographer_node loading the cart_2d.lua configuration file. There are a couple of changes from the configuration files used in simulation:
 - There is no source of odometry on the cart:
 - use_odometry = false
 - We are using the full PointCloud2 message and not a LaserScan message:
 - num_laser_scans = 0,
 - num_point_clouds = 1,
As before, the default input topics are remapped to reflect the topic names output by the system in the cart_2d.launch file. Since we are reading PointCloud2 topics, the "points" topic is remapped instead of the "scan" topic.
Lastly, the cartographer_occupancy_grid_node is launched to produce the map.
The complete process is executed with the following command:
$ roslaunch rover_2dnav demo_cart_2d.launch bag_filename:=cart.bag
You can monitor the progress of the map generation via RViz as shown in the image below:
OS1 Cartographer Map Generation in RViz
The complete, final map is shown below:
OS1 Map Generated by Cartographer
Running Cartographer on an RC Car
Now that the Cartographer can run on real-world data, we can integrate Cartographer into a complete robotic system. For this example, we will mount the OS1-64 to an RC car platform. The system also has an OpenMV camera mounted, but this isn't used by the Cartographer system. The vehicle can be operated remotely with an Xbox controller. All processing is done on a fitlet2 with an Arduino Uno providing commands to the motors for steering and throttle. This set-up closely mimics the simulated system used earlier.
The complete system looks like this:
RC Car with Ouster OS1 and OpenMV Cam
When working with the RC car, the diy_driverless_car_ROS repository is used, specifically the rover_2dnav package. When manually operating the RC car, the rc_dbw_cam.launch launch file is used to start the system.
Run 2D Cartographer Online
The rc_dbw_cam.launch loads the joystick node to process steering and throttle commands from the Xbox controller. These are then sent to the L298N_node which communicates with the Arduino Uno. The rc_control.launch file is loaded which handles some control message conversions and launches an Extended Kalman Filter via the robot_localization package. The EKF node computes the odometry information that is later sent to Cartographer. The OpenMV camera driver node is launched as well as the OS-1 ROS client.
Cartographer can be run by setting the map argument to True via the command line when launching the rc_dbw_cam.launch file. This launches the pointcloud_to_laserscan node as well as Cartographer via the racer_2d_cartographer.launch file.
As described earlier, the os1_sensor.urdf file loads the component transforms and configurations from the racer_2d.lua file.
The system is launched by executing the following command:
$ roslaunch rover_2dnav racer_map.launch rviz:=true map:=true cartographer:=true
An image of the online map generation while manually controlling the RC car is shown below:
OS1 RC Car Cartographer Map Generation in RViz
Run Cartographer 3D Pipeline Offline
When operating the RC car, we want to limit the amount of processing resources utilized by mapping so those resources can be used for other perception, path planning, or controls functions that may also be running. However, if we process the collected data offline, we are less constrained by runtime constraints.
The offline_node is the fastest way of SLAMing a bag of sensor data. It does not listen on any topics, instead, it reads TF and sensor data out of a set of bags provided on the command line. In all other regards, it behaves like the cartographer_node.
Cartographer operates in both a 2D and 3D mode. The 2D pipeline estimates a trajectory of 3DoF (x,y, yaw) poses by matching 2D scans in 2D submaps. In contrast, the 3D pipeline estimates a trajectory of 6DoF (x,y,z, roll, pitch, yaw) poses by matching 3D


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The iCAN (intelligent car navigation systems) project is collaboration between academia (the University of Tokyo) and industry (the Toshiba and Yazaki corporations) to pursue intelligent systems and their enabling technologies for near-future intelligent transportation systems. The ITS scenario is complex, involving fundamental nontechnical (such as legal and institutional) issues. So, iCAN's vision of a near future ITS incorporates both technical and nontechnical concerns. On the basis of this vision, we decided to focus on driver assistance systems and smart-community transportation systems.


24 [deleted] 18 August 2012 03:17PM
Comments (181)
Do you want to set up your own cryo plans?
Some statistics
Comment author: Kawoomba 22 August 2012 09:38:50PM 0 points [-]
Death in the vast majority of cases entails general ischemia due to the cessation of circulation, trauma or no. How sensitive your brain is to a lack of oxygen is easily tested by having someone compress both your carotid arteries for 60 seconds. (The exception to the death-ischemia link would be brain death with circulation upheld for a variety of reasons, most commonly viability for organ transplantation.)
The killer consideration with fatal traumatic injuries is their unpredictability. Such an event will most probably drastically prolong the time to cryopreservation, at least by hours. Where are you? Which hospital are you announced dead in? Where's the nearest cryopreservation team? When in the process are they notified? How long is their travel time? How much damage is done while you're not yet announced dead?
The delay, hours of ischemia (while being dead), is what will degrade your brain tissue to a microscopically garbled mess, regardless of the specific type of trauma.
It bears repeating: Even the penumbra of neurons = the peripheral neurons that after a stroke still get some measure of oxygen are given up upon after 4-5 hours (no benefit from further treatment). The central neurons most affected by an ischemic event are considered lost within an hour.
t would be a good idea to validate this possibility now


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||Fatigue resistance to experimental contraction in human craniofacial muscle groups
Aim: Hyperactivity or abnormal contractions of craniofacial muscles, e.g. bruxism, aretraditionally linked to pain and unpleasantness in the active muscles. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effects of different standardized craniofacial musclecontractions on perceived muscle symptoms. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthyvolunteers (seven men, mean ± SEM, 25.7 ± 1.4 years and nine women, 24.9 ± 2.3years) performed six 5-minutes bouts of 20% maximal voluntary experimentalcontraction task of jaw-closing (Jaw), orbicularis-oris (O-oris), and orbicularis-oculi(O-oculi) muscles. Participants rated their perceived pain, unpleasantness, fatigue, andstress levels before, during, and after the contraction tasks on 0-10 Numeric RatingScales (NRS). Each muscle contraction task (= one session) was separated by at leastone week and the order of performed sessions was randomised in each participant. Datawere analysed using repeated measurements ANOVAs. Results: All muscle contractiontasks evoked significant increases in NRS scores of pain, unpleasantness, fatigue, andstress (P <.034). Jaw contractions were associated with higher NRS scores compared toO-oris and O-oculi contractions (P <.005) without differences between O-oris andO-oculi (P >.063). All craniofacial muscle symptoms had disappeared within a day (P>.469). Conclusion: The results showed that submaximal static contractions ofdifferent craniofacial muscle groups could evoke mild to moderate levels of transientsymptoms. Further studies are warranted to better understand the contribution ofspecific craniofacial muscle groups for the characteristic presentation ofmusculoskeletal pain conditions in the head.
Hokkaido University（北海道大学）. 博士(歯学)


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Valentine love letter box easy to make
Here is a creative idea to store your numerous Valentine's day letters you will receive on February 14th.
Recycle your cereal boxes has never been so fun! In addition to creating a pretty love letter box is a fun way to encourage you to write also to your mates and beloved ones on Valentine's day.
- Empty cereal box
- Colored paper or painting.
- White sheet of paper
- Button (optional)
¿How to recycle an empty cereal box into a Valentine's letterbox?
- Cover the cereal box: Draw, cut and paste the box templates you have previously printed on the cereal box, to cover it completely. To recycle a cereal box into a Valentine's letter box, you will have to hide the brand and create your own atmosphere by changing the packaging look. In this tutorial we use a kind of fabric/cloth, but do not hesitate to cover your box with whatever you have on hand (painting, aluminium foil, white foil, toilet or sil paper, pictures... )
- Draw a rectangle, on the top middle part of the front side to create the mail slot.
- Then, draw 3 lines of a square just under the previous rectangle for the mailbox door.
- Using the scissors cut the rectangle and keep it apart and then, cut the 3 lines.
- Double a different color sheet of paper.
- After that, cut a triangle using the doubled edge in order to form a rhombus shape when unfolding.
- Glue the rhombus on the cut rectangle you've kept apart.
- Then make 2 holes at the same height: 1 on the swing door and the other one on the fixed part using the puncher Avec la perforatrice, in order to tie them together.
- Cut 2 ribbons, 1 for the door and the other one for the signal.
- Drill 2 crosses on the narrow side of the box.
- Thread the ribbon in both crosses, then in the rectangle hole and then in the button holes.
- Tie the ribbon your mailbox signal is ready.
- Fix the door tying the ribbon nicely.
- Decorate your Valentine letter box with love symbols using paintings, pencils and accesories. Be creative!
BEAUTIFUL. You are good to go and collect all your love letters and giffs on Valentine's day.


Determining Multimodal Imaging Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease
Date & Time
About Simons Foundation Lectures
Video Thumbnail
Despite considerable progress in our understanding of Parkinson's disease, reliable biomarkers are still lacking. The combination of noninvasive neuroimaging data reflecting both functional and structural characteristics of the brain, clinical information and other biologic measures provides an unprecedented opportunity for cross-cutting investigations that may yield deeper insights into Parkinson's disease.
In this lecture, F. DuBois Bowman will discuss how he and his colleagues are working to identify functional or anatomical properties of the brain that reliably distinguish individuals with Parkinson's disease from healthy controls. He will describe the Bayesian statistical modeling framework that incorporates imaging data from different modalities and yields classifications for study participants, as either those with Parkinson's disease or healthy controls. The model accounts for spatial correlations between different brain locations, defined hierarchically to capture correlations globally between brain regions, between subregions of each region, and between voxels within each subregion. Bowman will then explain how the ability to isolate neural characteristics that reflect accurate signatures of Parkinson's disease may serve as useful early-stage Parkinson's disease biomarkers.
About the Speaker


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Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw
There are several controversial points in the presented theory. First, the "agent-recipient" dichotomy seems contaminated by other dichotomies ("recipient" requires a counterpart in a "giver", while the opposition of "agent" is a neutral "observer" rather than the involved "recipient"). Second, doubts have been raised concerning the asserted low diagnosticity of moral acts for self-esteem. In the commentary, I presented my own perspective on this issue. Third, contrary to what the authors claim, the agent-recipient dimension does not seem to be the same as other dimensions mentioned in the paper (e.g., individualism-collectivism), and it corresponds to one pole rather than to a whole dimension.
Keywords: actor-observer, diagnosticity of moral behaviors, dimensions of social perception
Cite this article as:
Lewicka, M. (2006). Never ending story or what the mysterious world of adjectives can tell us about the nature of the social world. Psychologia Społeczna, 1, 57-63.


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CAST - Computation and Science for Teachers introduces computational reasoning and computational tools into the high school math and science curriculum. PSC and its partners are creating the CAST Professional Development Program, an integrated set of modules to train teachers on how to incorporate computational reasoning and tools such as modeling and simulation into their curriculum. The first set of modules present a complete program on how to USE models and simulations in the classroom. A second set will focus on how to CREATE models and simulations. All instructional materials will be available on the CAST website. CAST is a joint program of PSC, along with the Maryland Virtual High School and the Western PA Math&Science Collaborative.
CMIST - Computational Modules in Science Teaching brings innovative science tutorials into secondary school classrooms, focusing on integrative computational biology, physiology, and biophysics. CMIST modules include high quality, realistic 3-D animations produced with cutting-edge simulation and visualization software. CMIST subject material is chosen to highlight critical concepts that are difficult to convey with static textbook images and words; for example, cellular transport of molecules by diffusion and osmosis, or the structure and function of enzymes in cells. Specific modules are introduced in 2-hour workshops throughout the school year. CMIST materials and movies are available on the CMIST website. CMIST is a program of the National Resource for Biomedical Supercomputing (NRBSC) at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center.
BEST - Better Educators of Science for Tomorrow exposes teachers to modern molecular biology concepts, by incorporating computational biology and bioinformatics into high school curriculum. BEST also prepares teachers to introduce their students to emerging and exciting biomedical careers. Beginning as a pilot program in May 2007, BEST worked with local high school teachers to create a curriculum incorporating inquiry based bioinformatics and inquiry based teaching in southwestern Pennsylvania. This curriculum is currently being piloted in 5 area schools.
CompEx - Computation Exploration is a high performance computing teaching module designed to be incorporated into existing curricula in high school computer science classrooms. This program teaches high school students the basics of parallel programming and guides them through the development of their own parallel programs.
CI JumpStart - Introduces computational science and high performance computing to high school and undergraduate students. Instructional materials and exercises are available on the CI JumpStart website. Workshops can be held at the school, or at PSC.
For Students, Parents and Educators
SAFE-Net - Safety Awareness For Everyone on the Net focuses on raising the awareness of students, parents, and educators about cyber threats, measures of protection, and cyber ethics. The SAFE-Net web site provides materials to teach parents, teachers and students about cyber security issues. Awareness workshops are also available.
Science Fairs Resource – PSC and 3ROX encourages middle and high-school students competing in their local of regional science fairs to consider projects that use computational thinking and tools. Resources and more information are available on the PSC science fair resource page.
Job Shadows – PSC and 3ROX provides opportunities for high school student to job shadow members of the PSC and 3ROX staff. Given the broad expertise of the PSC staff, job shadows are available in the areas of Information Technology, Computational Science as well as Administrative and Financial Services.


Why Your Marketing Mix Needs To Incorprate Paid Search
Before Pantone and the eyedropper tool, artists and designers had to create color the old-fashioned way – mixing primary colors to create new shades to use in their work. Starting from a few choice pigments, a painter can mix never-before-seen colors to his or her heart's content using just a brush and palette. Picture if you will, then, an artist approaching a
Paid vs. Organic Search: What's the difference?
Search engines are a wonderful, powerful tool for discovery. Type in what you want to know, and within a fraction of a second, you've got a wealth of information at your fingertips, awaiting further exploration. Search engines are practically a staple of everyday life online. Think about it. How often do you use the phrase "Google it"? Upon closer examination, you'll likely


UPDATED -- Transmissible Virus-like Particles Could Slow HIV -- Proposal
UPDATED: With quotes from paper co-author Leor Weinberger:
Genetically engineered particles that act like a virus could slow the spread of HIV, according to a bold proposal by scientists from UC San Diego and UCLA.
The virus-like particles would contain genes that slow the replication of the AIDS-causing virus in those already infected, according to a paper by the scientists published Friday in the journal PLoS Computational Biology. The paper examined models of HIV's patterns of spreading, and the inhibitory effect of the virus-like particles. The particles would be designed to have properties similar to those exhibited in a recent HIV gene therapy trial.
The authors, including biochemist Leor Weinberger of UCSD, concede that this radical approach raises ethical issues that need to be answered, and could only be tried after safety and efficacy studies in animals. But they say the approach has advantages over other therapies. Weinberger's lab focuses on the development of new antiviral therapies.
Called "therapeutic interfering particles," or TIPs, the engineered particles would be designed so they can only reproduce in HIV-positive people. They're intended for use in high-risk "superspreaders," who would transmit the TIPs along with HIV by sex or other high-risk behaviors.
"For the TIP to become a threat, it would need to acquire all the genes of HIV (which can only happen in an HIV-infected patient)," Weinberger said in an email interview. "If the TIP acquired all of HIV's genes, it would be equivalent to a loss-of-efficacy in a vaccine or drug treatment (this would happen in already infected patients and would result in the TIP being effectively lost).
"For the TIP to become more of a threat than HIV, it would need to acquire other new genes as well," Weinberger wrote. "The argument is that HIV alone could have acquired these new genes on its own, no need for TIP, and has not."
The scientists propose to try the therapy in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV is especially prevalent.
"While the intervention is not limited to sub-Saharan Africa, as a field we are in great need of new therapies that can be used effectively in resource-limited and resource-poor setting such as sub-Saharan Africa," Weinberger wrote. "The epidemiology is well-studied in Africa compared to other resource-poor settings so that we choose that setting. The intervention would definitely conceivably work in US and Europe."
Since the TIPS would spread along with HIV, they would naturally target individuals most at risk, including those who don't or can't get other medical treatment. The paper analogizes the effect to that of the Sabin weakened virus vaccine, only safer, because the TIPS must "piggyback" on the replication machinery of HIV.
The therapy wouldn't replace other approaches, Weinberger said in a UCSD press release about the paper.
"In part, we are arguing that TIPs could be used in conjunction with current antiretroviral drug therapy or vaccine campaigns, and could enhance the efficacy of these campaigns at the population level," Weinberger said in the press release.
By "at the population level," Weinberger was alluding to "herd immunity," or the protective effect of treating an infectious disease among a large majority of the population. If enough people are protected, the risk of the disease spreading to the unprotected is lessened.
The paper states:
"Targeting these superspreader subpopulations for therapeutic or preventive measures would tremendously increase the efficacy of disease control, while failure to target high-risk groups weakens efforts to achieve 'herd immunity' by vaccination and severely limits the ability to reduce disease at the population level."
In the email interview, Weinberger wrote that, "a broad array of other viral diseases could be amenable to this approach. Very roughly speaking, the approach of 'phage-therapy' for bacterial infections has some similarities since it uses virus that can only replicate in bacteria. There is renewed interest in the phage-therapy approach given the dramatic increases in antibiotic-resistant bacteria seen in recent years."
The paper is entitled "Autonomous Targeting of Infectious Superspreaders using Engineered Transmissible Therapies". Weinberger is on the faculty of UCSD's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Division of Infectious Diseases in UCSD's Department of Medicine. The other authors are Vincent T. Metzger of UCSD's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and James O. Lloyd-Smith of UCLA and the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health.
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|IC Number||IC Name|
|74LS14||Hex Inverters with Open-Collector Outputs|
An open collector is a common type of output found on many integrated circuits (IC), which behaves like a switch that is either connected to ground or disconnected.
NOT gate is a digital circuit that has a single input and single output. The output of NOT gate is the logical inversion of input. Hence, the NOT gate is also called an inverter.
Logic NOT Gates are available using digital circuits to produce the desired logical function. The standard NOT gate is given a symbol whose shape is of a triangle pointing to the right with a circle at its end. This circle is known as an "inversion bubble". Logic NOT gates provide the complement of their input signal and are so called because when their input signal is "HIGH" their output state will NOT be "HIGH". Likewise, when their input signal is "LOW" their output state will NOT be "LOW". As they are single-input devices, logic NOT gates are not normally classed as "decision" making devices
Boolean Expression Y = A'
"If A is true, then Y is false"
This NOT gate produces an output Y, which is the complement of input, A.