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Tokyo's urban landscape is lined with towers and skyscrapers famous for their history, height or architecture. Some, such as the Tokyo Tower, are prominent features of the city's landscape and well-known tourist spots. Others are less famous, but have equally interesting backgrounds -- such as why the Sky Tree's height is so important. Consider stopping by these towers on your next vacation in Japan.
Tokyo Tower (tokyotower.co.jp) is perhaps most known for its distinctive steel framework. The world's tallest self-supported steel structure, it was modeled after the Eiffel Tower in France but is lighter and taller. At night the tower is lit up by 176 floodlights, orange in winter and white in summer. Various tourist attractions surround the base of the tower, but the price of admission is separate.
Tokyo Sky Tree
The Sky Tree (tokyo-skytreetown.jp) is the tallest tower in Japan as of 2011, reaching 634 meters (just under 2,100 feet). Its main purpose is for broadcasting use, because the Tokyo Tower was unable to provide high-definition broadcasting due to the surrounding skyscrapers. The tower's name was chosen by popular vote. Its height is precisely 634 meters because the numbers 6, 3 and 4 are pronounced "mu," "sa" and "shi" in Japanese; the building's developers thought the word "musashi" would be easily remembered by citizens, as the area where the Sky Tree stands used to be called Musashi province.
Tokyo Opera City Tower
The Tokyo Opera City Tower (operacity.jp), as the name suggests, was built to showcase the performing arts. Erected in 1997, it houses the New National Theatre Tokyo, which holds an opera house, playhouse and theater training facilities. The upper floors contain offices, including Microsoft and Apple. The building is shaped like an octagon, with four of the sides slightly shorter and made of glass.
Shinjuku Park Tower
The second-tallest structure in Shinjuku, the Shinjuku Park Tower (shinjukuparktower.com) is actually a series of three towers, connected to each other and staggered in height. The middle floors are used as office space, and the lower levels contain restaurants, shops and the NHK Academy of Distance Learning. The upper floors are reserved for the Park Hyatt Tokyo hotel; movie fans will recognize this area as the setting for the 2003 film "Lost In Translation," starring Scarlett Johannsen and Bill Murray.
NTT DoCoMo Tower
Located in Yoyogi next to Shinjuku, the NTT DoCoMo Tower (no website; 5-24-3 Sendagaya, Tokyo; no phone number) is owned by the company of the same name. Its energy is derived primarily from solar and wind power to follow DoCoMo's environmentally friendly standpoint. The colored lights at the top of the tower indicate whether the weather forecast calls for rain. When a clock was added to the tower in 2002 to celebrate DoCoMo's 10th anniversary, the building became the world's tallest clock tower.
- NA/AbleStock.com/Getty Images


text: Early research examined the direct effect of perceived connectivity (PC) on intention to adopt information systems. In this study, we extend that research stream by examining the mediating effects of perceived enjoyment (PE) and perceived playfulness (PP) on the relationship between PC and the intention to use social media within the workplace. To test our proposed model, we collected data from 2,556 social media users from Australia, Canada, India, the UK, and the US. We applied the REBUS-PLS algorithm, a response-based method for detecting unit segments in PLS path modelling and assessing the unobserved heterogeneity in the data sample. Based on the strength of effects, the algorithm automatically detected two groups of users sharing the same intentions to use social media. A post hoc analysis of each group was done using contextual and demographic variables including geographic location, country, age, education and gender. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


1. Go to the Playbook Tab from left nav
3. Click '+ Add a card' (if you don't see this, we can make you a playbook curator - just ask)
4. Give your card a title
5. Choose your signals—add in keywords separated by the 'Enter' key.
There's no limit to how many keyword signals you choose
6. Optional: Add a stage signal by choosing to decide when in the sales cycle your card can pop up. If you leave this section blank, it will pop up across all stages
7. Optional: Add a role signal. This is based on your team's Salesforce role assignment
8. Write your talking points -- Use bullets and numbered lists for the most impactful content
Test it out by typing your keyword into a note and watch the magic happen ✨
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text:
than in the other modality. So we need to test both visual and auditory processing.
a) The consistency of the response times is called Response Time Variability and is measured in milliseconds. Response Time Variability is the most important measure of the T.O.V.A. and tells us how consistent (or inconsistent) a person's Response Time is.
b) The time it takes to respond to a target is called Response Time and is measured in milliseconds. This measure tells how fast (or slow) a person processes information and responds by pressing the microswitch.
c) d' (d prime) is derived from Signal Detection Theory and measures how quickly one's performance worsens ( deteriorates ) over the 21.6 minutes of testing.
d) When someone responds to the nontarget, it is called a Commission Error, a measure of impulsivity (also called disinhibition).
e) When someone does not respond to the target, it is called an Omission Error, a measure of inattention.
f) Post-Commission Response Times measure how much faster or slower a person becomes after mistakenly responding to a nontarget. This measure helps us to identify one of the other causes (like conduct disorder) of the symptom complex.
g) Multiple Responses are the number of times a person presses the microswitch more than once a target. This measure helps us to identify other neurological conditions.
h) Anticipatory Responses measure how often a person presses the microswitch so quickly (<150 msec) that they're probably guessing rather then waiting longer and being sure.
In contrast to other commercially available CPTs that use the computer keyboard or mouse to record responses, the T.O.V.A. uses a microswitch. Since Response Time Variability and Response Time are two very important measures, we need to measure time very accurately to determine how fast and inconsistent Response Times are.
Why a microswitch? To obtain very accurate time measurements (±1 msec). Computer keyboards and mouses, are not as reliable and can vary significantly (±28 msec). In addition, if you use a different computer with a different measurement error to retest someone, it's very difficult to compare the results.
Once testing is completed (21.6 minutes long for 6 years old and older and 10.8 minutes for 4 and 5 years old), the results are immediately analyzed, and the complete interpretation and graphics are available on the monitor and to be printed out.
The T.O.V.A. report compares the test results with the results of a large number of people who do not have an attention problem. The test results are interpreted and reported as within the normal expectable range or not.
As the brain matures and changes, it processes information faster and more accurately from childhood to the late teen years/early twenties, remains pretty steady until the earlyto mid-sixties when it slows somewhat. (So it is accurate to say that younger adults are faster than older ones, but older ones can compensate by exercising better judgment.) It's also true that males and females process information differently.
Thus, age and gender make a difference. For instance, when comparing individuals without ADHD, eight year old boys perform differently than eight year old girls and differently than nine year old boys.


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Pressbooks is a wonderfully easy tool to help you create well-designed print books, but that ease comes with some typographical constraints.
In particular, there are tradeoffs in Pressbooks between control of widows and orphans, and bottom-balancing.
Widows and Orphans
Orphans are "isolated lines created when a paragraphs begin on the last line of a page. They have no past, but they do have a future."
Widows are the "stub-ends left when paragraphs end on the first line of a page. They have a past, but no future."
According to Bringhurst, "orphans need not trouble the typographer … but widows should get one extra line for company."
In most cases, Pressbooks has widow and orphan settings as follows:
- Orphans: 1 (meaning that we tolerate a single line of a paragraph at the bottom of a page)
- Widows: 2 (meaning there should be at least two lines of a paragraph at the top of a page)
Bottom balancing is a typographic convention that tries to keep the bottoms of facing pages in an open book evenly aligned.
Unfortunately, current typographical algorithms using the technology in Pressbooks (HTML and CSS), makes controlling bottom balancing difficult, especially in the case that we wish to avoid widows (and orphans). Since the widow control will "move" a line from the bottom of one page, to the top of the next, it means that you risk having a page that "runs short," or is unbalanced with its facing page.
To solve this, you can change the widow and orphan settings, so that you prefer bottom balance over widow control. In order to do this, you will have to modify your widow and orphan settings.
Changing your Widow and Orphan settings
In order to change your widow and orphan settings, go to:
And enter in the values you would like to use for widows and orphans.
Tight and Loose Tracking
You might also want to flex your typographical muscles, which can address some of these issues described above, using tight and loose tracking.
- The Elements of Typographical Design, by Robert Bringhurst ↵


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How much data are required to validate a risk model?
Risk models are becoming increasingly important in health care, and are typically used to provide information to both clinicians and patients, and to facilitate fairer, risk-adjusted comparisons between healthcare providers. Despite the importance of these models, relatively little research has been conducted into how many patients are required to both develop a new risk model and validate an existing model. Risk models developed or validated using small datasets may be inaccurate which may have implications for patient care. The focus of my research is to ascertain the amount of data required to develop and validate a reliable risk model.


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W. Edwards Deming, renowned scientist, quality and management thinker passed away in December 1993. Technology, globalization and financial crisis have since dramatically altered the economic and political landscape. What possible relevance could Deming have in the 21st century?
The answer is plenty. With the failure of companies, governments and economies all around us it is becoming clear that now, more than ever, Deming's wisdom is sorely needed. To understand Deming we need to do a quick review of his contributions, history and legacy. No other management thinker, with the possible exception of Deming's teacher and friend, Walter Shewhart, can claim to have dramatically impacted so many companies and even whole nations. We will cite 4 major cases where Deming or Shewhart had a profound positive impact on companies and whole nations.
The Deming/Shewhart Management Legacy
Exhibit A. In the early part of the Twentieth Century as the United States was industrializing, quality and management were areas of critical importance. Frank Gilbreth, Fredrick Taylor and Henry Ford were among the well known names who addressed these issues. One large company, American Telephone and Telegraph, or AT&T, found that although it had access to the best methods and thinking of the day, they were insufficient. The harder they tried to make products alike, the worse the results. A young physicist at Bell Laboratories was assigned the problem and the result were a series of concepts and tools that would revolutionize quality. In 1931 Shewhart published Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, and statistical quality improvement was born. The formal name for his tools came to be known as Statistical Process Control. The methods were adopted by AT&T systemwide and the result was the company became the premier company in the world with the highest level of quality and reliability.
Walter Shewhart had a friend and colleague, W. Edwards Deming, who was also trained in physics. They collaborated in the new field of statistics and Deming became one of the leading experts in quality control, behind Shewhart. Later in the decade Deming invited Shewhart to give a series of lectures on quality in Washington, D.C. These were later edited into a book Statistical Method from the Viewpoint of Quality Control, (1939) for which Deming was the editor.
Exhibit B. The US had followed a policy of isolationism prior to World War II and was reluctantly dragged into the Second World War when Pearl Harbor was attacked. The country had to quickly convert peace time plants to make massive amounts of military goods. The Department of War launched a crash program in quality control to help make the transition. Deming was one of the leading experts invited to teach plant managers and engineers the principles of quality control. One of the premises of quality control is that improving quality increases productivity and decreases costs. Higher productivity and fewer problems and defects also results in a dramatic increase in capacity. This is counterintuitive and the opposite of conventional thinking. But the incredible results confirmed this. The US became the most productive nation on Earth and military production zoomed. At the end of the war a popular refrain was, "production won the war."
Exhibit C. But after the war as American service men rushed back home companies quickly forgot the lessons of quality. Now any company that could produce had a ready market, especially since much of the manufacturing capacity of the rest of the world had been destroyed. US quality improvements stalled and in many cases went backwards. On the other side of the Pacific, Japan was suffering from its defeat. It had lost its foreign markets and major suppliers of raw materials. It also had a well deserved reputation for shoddy consumer products. A group of Japanese leaders began to believe that quality control could have an epochal effect on the country and Deming's name kept showing up in the literature. They invited Deming to give a series of lectures to Japanese managers and engineers just as he had in the US.
Deming accepted but at that first lecture realized he was making the same mistake he had made in the US, he was not addressing one key audience that he now realized was critical—top management. He spoke to his hosts who understood the problem and sent out telexes to the CEOs of major Japanese companies. In that first seminar to management Deming told them their responsibilities. He kept coming back to Japan almost yearly to teach more people and clarify and expand his teachings. The results were equally as incredible as the results in the US during WWII. Japan went from a defeated nation with few resources and a reputation for shoddy consumer goods to a nation with a reputation for the best quality in the world and the second largest economy in the world, behind the US. It has become a model of development and an inspiration for other Asian nations.
Exhibit D. Deming's students, Japanese industrialists, learned their lessons too well. They started to dominate markets worldwide in such diverse goods as radios, televisions, consumer goods, motorcycles, watches and cameras. In some cases they drove American firms completely out of those industries. By the late 1970s they were closing in on automobiles, semiconductors and computers. And American firms were baffled and helpless. American management consultants were at a loss. The advice of American management thinkers fell flat. But in 1980 NBC, which was equally baffled, began to put together a show to try and explain what made Japanese Industry so formidable. They heard of this 79 year old professor who had been to Japan in the 1940s and 1950s and had been recognized by the Japanese government for his contribution to Japanese industry. At his home in Washington, D.C., he showed them the 8mm video of him receiving Japan's highest honor. The last 20 minutes of the NBC white paper, If Japan Can Why Can't We?, featured Deming.
After the show aired Deming was inundated with calls. He was booked 3 years in advance. He began a series of consulting assignments and launched his now legendary 4-day seminars to train American managers. The results were just as stunning with some companies being brought back from near extinction. Among these were Ford, Intel and Harley Davidson. And quality, quality management, TQM and other movements sprung up in the 1980s inspired by Deming. ISO 9000 made a comeback. Some of the other ideas that were launched in response to the emphasis on quality and process improvement during the era were Six Sigma and in the 1990s the term Lean was introduced in the US as an attempt to replicate some of the Japanese efficiency.
Get Why Deming, Why Now? in it's entirety plus …..
PDSA….PDCA, is it just a matter of a "C" or an "S"?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
1. How the releaser gets rights for release deed to mention it very clearly. Wording and sentence of this should be very precise and clear.
2. The Proper description of the property on which property rights get a release from releaser. For example, releaser going to release the property then describe the land four boundaries of land, Area, Local name, Survey number, pothissa number, Tehsil, District everything in detail.
3. Reasons behind this release deed should be neat, clear and do not have any ambiguity.
4. The release deed language should be easy to understand and meaning of this should be very clear and honest so that afterwards there is no chance of any dispute.
5. Release deed must register in the presence of witnesses with there sign. If the release deed from a woman then its always better the witness is her husband or her son, Her daughter etc.
6. Write the proper name, address, age, sign and thumb of release and releaser.
7. Write the witness with their name, address and sign.
Instead of this releaser must be eligible to release and he/she not in pressure to do it. The said person should not be minor or mad.


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This unique study of the theology of the book of Daniel examines the cultic motif within the book as it relates to space and time. Numerous references and allusions to cult are investigated with linguistic, literary, and contextual analyses. The findings are then related to the main theological themes of the book such as judgment, eschatology, kingdom, and worship. It is evident that the idea of cult plays a dominant role in Daniel, and that it demonstrates the intention of the author to present the issue of conflict of two opposing systems of cult and worship. For all who are interested in an exegesis of Daniel that pays dutiful attention to the theology of Daniel, The Cultic Motif in the Book of Daniel is a must-read.
«Winfried Vogel's erudition in his field is very impressive and thus creates an ethos of convincing power for his thesis, namely, that the book of Daniel is 'permeated by cultic ideas and concerns', and that the cultic motif contributes to the theology of the biblical book with 'an impact greater than heretofore anticipated'. I unreservedly recommend 'The Cultic Motif in the Book of Daniel'.» (André LaCocque, Professor Emeritus, Chicago Theological Seminary) «'The Cultic Motif in the Book of Daniel' provides us with a significant key to the book of Daniel: the cultic dimension. The demonstration of the pervasive and intense presence of this motif, in space as in time, and the analysis of its theological meaning have considerable impact for the understanding of some of the most obscure and complex issues in the book of Daniel. In this light, Daniel's allusions to the Day of Atonement, his stress on worship, and his perspective on the cosmic prophetic horizon make better sense and enrich the reading of this mysterious book. Winfried Vogel's observations and contributions are an unavoidable prerequisite for all students interested in the interpretation of the book of Daniel.» (Jacques Doukhan, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, Andrews University)
Dr. Winfried Vogel ist Redakteur für TV und Radio (HOPE Channel) und Theologischer Berater am Europäischen Medienzentrum Stimme der Hoffnung in Alsbach-Hähnlein an der Bergstraße. Zuvor war er Direktor und Theologiedozent am Seminar Schloss Bogenhofen in Österreich. Es ist ihm ein Anliegen, den Glauben an Gott relevant und transparent zu machen und Menschen für ein konkretes Leben mit Gott zu begeistern.
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IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample 45 - It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city
IELTS Writing Task 2/ IELTS Essay:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Do you agree or disagree?
Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.
You should write at least 250 words.
Model Answer 1:
Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. However, other people think that a big city gives more opportunities and it is good for the long run. Personally, for several reasons I think that it is better for children to grow up in a city that offers numerous advantages.
From the other side, children have some advantages living in a big city. For example, they have more opportunities to choose from what they want to do. They can choose to attend ballet school, school of art, gymnastics, etc. For the long run, it is good for them. They will be better prepared for a life in a "real world" and they will have more chances to make a good career and succeed. Moreover, a big city usually has many entertaining centres with movie theatres and play stations. When I was a child I liked to go to the movie theatre with my parents to watch a premiere.
One more reason to choose a big city for a child is that a city provides better live conditions and services such as medical, dental, etc. My friend lived in the country for a while and one time he and his family had to drive a couple of hours to the nearest medical centre when his child got a heavy cough.
( Approximately 394 words)
Model Answer 2:
Bringing up young generation in a big city is not as good as the countryside. I partially disagree with this statement. In my view, cities are the best place to grow up children and to live. However, cities have some drawbacks which will be discussed in this essay.
Many people opt to live in large cities rather than the countryside because they prefer to live in the metropolitan area than remote areas. Such a good benefit is an employment. People, who are living in a city can easily get a job in different types of professions.
Another reason is the easy availability of transportation services, large complex network maps of buses and trains covering almost all surrounding suburbs of a city, which can save a lot of valuable time spent by travelling with the own vehicle, which is more convenient and economical when your children go to school. And you will know where they are.
However, the cost of living in a city is usually much higher than in the countryside. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food. Moreover, the big cities have some social problems such as high crime and poverty rates in comparison with the countryside. Furthermore, the air quality in cities is often poor, due to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded. As a result, city life can be unhealthy and stressful to our children.
After analysing the essay, we can conclude that those points are the important factors when considering living either in the urban or rural area. Apart from those, entertainment facilities, well-developed infrastructure and living with latest trends are other reasons for living in cities.
[ by - Ice]
Model Answer 3:
Today children predominantly live in villages and in the countryside, but many others live in big cities. This can be seen in terms of their family, hobbies, interests, and undoubtedly, lifestyle. It is believed that rural children are more skilled than children who live in big cities. This will be proven by analysing of children's lifestyle in both countryside and big city in this essay.
Firstly, it is well-known fact that living in isolated villages can improve children's health, and therefore, their physical development. For instance, if children constantly do house-working and gardening, they will be healthy. This example clearly shows that working hard improves not only health but also diversifies lifestyle. From this, it can be concluded that living in villages accelerates physical developing and improves skills which they need in future life.
Secondly, there is no doubt to say that rural children can adapt and develop in big cities, which are saturated by a variety of places. For example, they can visit and feel a sense of ethnic places, restaurants, stadiums, despite adapting. It is obvious when looking at the example that rural children slowly adapt for boiling city lifestyle. Thus, it would be better to live near big cities.
After analysing the areas of both lifestyles, it can be concluded that rural children are healthier than children of big cities. As has been shown, skills of rural children based on house-working, albeit village is not an ideal place to develop life skills. It is predicted that children will live in villages in the future.
[ by - Mama]
Model Answer 4:
At the present time, people say that children should be grown in the countryside rather than in the big city. I totally disagree with this rubric, because in big cities the quality of education and medicine are better compared with rural areas and huge occupation choice makes the city more convenient place in nourish of the child.
Firstly, children should be educated by qualified teachers but the countryside can't create that kind of condition for education and a large number of their teachers didn't even end up the university education. Good education is the earnest of success in the future. But not only a bright future depends on the education of the children, it also depends on proper medical treatment and facilities of medicine.
Aforesaid medicine, one of the main necessary things in raising children. Without vaccination, young children might get ill or even die from fatal diseases. To prevent this, in cities almost every month child is gone through medicine check and necessary injections are done to him.
In addition to this, currently the development of big cities strongly differs from the development of rural areas and it's another reason to grow children in big cities. Better conditions for children in job selection, they can choose every career they want, for example, to be a pilot, they can realise their dream in the city, but in a lot of countrysides, the airports don't exist.
In conclusion, a countryside is not the best place to raise children and big cities either. But, in my view nourishment of children should take place in the city due to high education and medicine level and the big choice in job selection.
[ by - Akmal Sharipov]
Model Answer 5:
City life has improved significantly with the advancement of technology and it provides state of the art facilities and services to its residents. Some people argue that children are more receptive to new learning experiences that could only be practice in cities. Children can enjoy a high standard of education, modern libraries, parks and many others technological services while spending their lives in cities. However, others claim that countryside is environmentally friendly and provides great physical activities that are mandatory for children health. I strongly believe that life in the city has undeniable positive effects on children.
Education plays a pivotal role in children life. Educational institutions in cities are equipped with modern teaching methods and facilities and have more qualified and trained professionals that help students substantially to improve their knowledge and information about the subject. Furthermore, the internet and mobile phone has become an essential constituent of children daily life and are more prevalent in cities. New technological advancement also helps children to achieve better grades by researching on the internet and by other positive use of these technologies.
However, it is often seen that children in villages are healthier and less susceptible to illness. Some of the reasons are clean environment and absence of pollution in their area and vicinity. In addition to this, they are more interested in physical games and take parts in activities that demand hard work and strength thus help them to remain active and fit.
To sum up, I would like to say that children grown up in cities are more dynamic and intellectual due to finest facilities they had. This also helps them in achieving more success in long run.
[ by - Fahad Sultan]
:D :lol: :-) :roll:
If it is about health, then gymnasiums and other sports clubs are present in cities which prevent people from suffering from obesity and other health related problems.
How can I improve my writing skill?
I am confused about the last paragraph. Please help.
IELTS Mentor
Dear Nanci, you are correct and that was really confusing. We have corrected that and hopefully, no further confusion remains.
Model Answer 1 is a contradiction. In the introduction, it says that he/she thinks that growing up in the country is a better choice. However, in the conclusion, it says it is better if children grow up in a city. It is very very confusing.


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a stage in the individual development, or ontogeny, of an ancestral form, in which characters that are typical of adult descendants are manifested. The term was introduced in paleontology in 1901 by A. P. Pavlov, who described the prophetic phase in the development of the suture line of the shell in certain Mesozoic ammonites. He concluded that ontogeny may anticipate phylogeny as well as recapitulate it.
The prophetic phase is a result of the suppression of late stages of development in the course of evolution and the manifestation in the adult state of features that are characteristic of early stages in the development of ancestors. The outcome of the prophetic phase is a gradual shift of embryonal changes in ancestors to later stages of development in descendants.


Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment, Causes, Symptoms, Skin Disease - MedicineNet
Bullous Pemphigoid
Medical Author:
Medical Editor:
What is bullous pemphigoid?
Bullous pemphigoid is an uncommon skin disease characterized by tense blistering eruptions on the surface of the skin. Occasionally, the inner lining tissue of the mouth, nasal passages, or conjunctivae of the eyes (mucous membrane tissue) can be involved. The condition is caused by antibodies and inflammation abnormally accumulating in a particular layer of the skin or mucous membranes. This layer of tissue is called the "basement membrane." These antibodies (immunoglobulins) bind to proteins in the basement membrane called hemidesmosomal BP antigens and this attracts cells of inflammation. The mucous membrane disease is also referred to separately as mucous membrane pemphigoid.
A majority of those affected by bullous pemphigoid are 50 years of age or older. While the cause is unknown, it is felt by some that an aging immune system may become activated in certain individuals with a genetic predisposition to develop bullous pemphigoid.
What are symptoms of bullous pemphigoid?
How is bullous pemphigoid diagnosed?
Bullous pemphigoid is diagnosed based on the results of a biopsy of involved tissue. The biopsy with traditional pathology evaluation can demonstrate inflammation of the affected skin levels. Additional testing of the biopsy specimen for antibody immune deposits can reveal the abnormal antibodies located in the basement membrane layer of skin or mucous membrane tissue. Blood testing for circulating basement membrane antibodies can also be helpful.
Bullous pemphigoid-like condition can sometimes be associated with other illnesses, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) and cancer.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 2/11/2013
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11 July 2020
Fruit Sugar: Is It Bad?
For those who are watching what they eat or on a specific diet, they may often hear a lot about fruit sugar. There are those who say this is bad, while others say that since this is a sugar that is occurring naturally in the fruit, it is okay to have in your diet. So, what is the truth about fruit sugar?
Is Fruit Sugar Bad?
All fruits contain some form of sugar. However, when compared to those sweet treats out there that are manufactured, fruit sugar is much more healthier for you. What most people do not realize is that the sugar from fruits is processed differently than if you were to eat a sweet piece of pie or cake for a sugar fix. Sugar in fruits is not going to raise blood sugar like sweets and candies. So, in reality fruit sugar is not as bad for you as you may have been led to believe. And remember, that having fruit in your diet is a part of a healthy overall diet.
The key is that you want to eat the right fruits. However, we have to emphasize that eating lots of fruits that are high in sugar is not going to negatively affect your blood sugar. However, everything in moderation is a moto for a reason.
What Fruits are Low in Sugar?
Different fruits are going to have different levels of sugar in them. So for those who are looking to eat more fruit but still do not want to eat a lot of fruits that are high in sugar, they can opt to eat fruits that have lower sugar content. Here are some of the best fruits for those who are looking for low sugar levels:
 1. Lemons
 2. Limes
 3. Raspberries
 4. Strawberries
 5. Blackberries
 6. Kiwis
 7. Grapefruit
 8. Oranges
 9. Apricot
 10. Blueberries
 11. Granny smith apples
 12. Pears
Those fruits that are high in sugar include watermelons, pineapples, grapes, plums, and even bananas. Remember this, if the fruit often tastes sweet naturally, this does mean that it contains more sugars.
Overall, fruits are a great source of fiber for many people and they can add some sweetness into any diet that you have. Most dietitians will recommend eating fruit everyday to help you avoid overeating sugary items later, especially if you are someone that has a sweet tooth.
Image by silviarita from Pixabay
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text:
The Himalaya is considered as a typical example of continent-continent collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates during Cenozoic time. The Himalayan collision zone contains various granitoids with ages ranging from Proterozoic to Recent. These granitoids can be classified into two (2) main type related to the orogeny or can be divided into five (5) main types on the basis of their varied geographical distribution in diverse stratigraphic and tectonic setup as linear belts parallel to orogen. Dating of Himalayan granites has generated some of the first order data required to understand crustal growth history of the Indian Plate since Paleo-Meso Proterozoic. The time of crystallisation has been constrained mostly by Rb-Sr whole rock isochron analysis and zircon and monazite U-Th-Pb dating techniques.
Contributions include consideration of granitoids from North Pakistan, paradoxical aspects of the Himalayan granites, imprinted Pan African granitoids, a melting mechanism for Himalayan leucogranite, and source characterization and a possible emplacement mechanism.


A medieval village in Germany faces destruction because of plans to expand coal production.
Atterwasch, near the country's border with Poland, is around 700-years-old. Its residents and those of neighbouring villages want to stop coal producers from uprooting their communities.
Environmentalists also oppose increased coal use, as it is has higher emissions levels than other forms of energy.
Al Jazeera's Nick Spicer reports from Atterwasch near Germany's border with Poland.
Source: Al Jazeera


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I'm writing an application which must log information pretty frequently, say, twice in a second. I wish to save the information to an sqlite database, however I don't mind to commit changes to the disk once every ten minutes.
Executing my queries when using a file-database takes to long, and makes the computer lag.
An optional solution is to use an in-memory database (it will fit, no worries), and synchronize it to the disk from time to time,
Is it possible? Is there a better way to achieve that (can you tell sqlite to commit to disk only after X queries?).
Can I solve this with Qt's SQL wrapper?
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3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Let's assume you have an on-disk database called 'disk_logs' with a table called 'events'. You could attach an in-memory database to your existing database:
ATTACH DATABASE ':memory:' AS mem_logs;
Create a table in that database (which would be entirely in-memory) to receive the incoming log events:
CREATE TABLE mem_logs.events(a, b, c);
Then transfer the data from the in-memory table to the on-disk table during application downtime:
INSERT INTO disk_logs.events SELECT * FROM mem_logs.events;
And then delete the contents of the existing in-memory table. Repeat.
This is pretty complicated though... If your records span multiple tables and are linked together with foreign keys, it might be a pain to keep these in sync as you copy from an in-memory tables to on-disk tables.
Before attempting something (uncomfortably over-engineered) like this, I'd also suggest trying to make SQLite go as fast as possible. SQLite should be able to easily handly > 50K record inserts per second. A few log entries twice a second should not cause significant slowdown.
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If you're executing each insert within it's own transaction - that could be a significant contributor to the slow-downs you're seeing. Perhaps you could:
 - Count the number of records inserted so far
 - Begin a transaction
 - Insert your record
 - Increment count
 - Commit/end transaction when N records have been inserted
 - Repeat
The downside is that if the system crashes during that period you risk loosing the un-committed records (but if you were willing to use an in-memory database, than it sounds like you're OK with that risk).
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A brief search of the SQLite documentation turned up nothing useful (it wasn't likely and I didn't expect it).
Why not use a background thread that wakes up every 10 minutes, copies all of the log rows from the in-memory database to the external database (and deletes them from the in-memory database). When your program is ready to end, wake up the background thread one last time to save the last logs, then close all of the connections.
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Because then I need to create the logs, remember which part of the log I already saved, maintain the background thread, and largely speaking implement synchronization myself. That's possible, but I want to avoid that. – Elazar Leibovich Jun 22 '10 at 20:31
Let me know how you eventually solve this. – Craig Trader Jun 24 '10 at 1:05
Your Answer


text:
All tea varieties in the world exist in different qualities. The same is true for Matcha tea. The quality of Matcha tea depends almost completely on the quality of the original tea, of Tencha. Region, geographical conditions of the tea growing area (Low land, High land, hillside), the specialty skills of the tea farmers, the variety of the tea bush, all these factors add up to unique qualities of Tencha tea. Once ground by stone mills into a fine powder, different Matcha qualities will be the result. There are three elements that distinguish Matcha from regular green tea in powder form:
Matcha is sweet and smooth with just a hint of astringency. The sweetness comes from the naturally occurring L-Theanine amino acids and plant fibers. Green tea powder, on the other hand, tends to lack active amino acids, resulting in a comparatively flat and abrasive taste.
Matcha is resiliently emerald green while green tea powder is often yellow-brown. This is because quality Matcha is ground into a fine powder using slow-turning granite grinding wheels. Friction is minimized and tea leaves are not "burned" in the process, allowing the leaves to retain chlorophyll. In contrast, regular green tea powder is often pulverized using air pressure. The friction caused by this process "over-cooks" the leaves, rendering them yellow-brown.
With its high concentration of L-Theanine amino acids, Matcha provides most consumers with a delicate energy boost lasting from 3 to 6 hours. However, with green tea powder, the amino acids are comparatively fewer and do not have the same functional properties.


text:
An award-winning approach
Our expertise in designing programmes with real business impact has been recognised by the Association for Business Pscychology. In 2017 we won their award for "Excellence in Coaching & Training" for a blended learning programme we designed and delivered for a team of Graduates at City & Country, a heritage property developer. This built on our award in 2016 with a director development blended learning programme.
Blended learning involves using a range of learning methods to establish understanding and develop skills. We use a mixture of online learning, face-to-face experiential learning and coaching to move senior people from intellectual acceptance into action.
Our approach creates evidence of success over time, improving confidence and demonstrating the value of development to the organisation.
We work hard to ensure that professional development initiatives are tailored to individual and organisational need. We get to know our learners, so that we can create effective relationships to support real changes in behaviour at work.
The Case for Investing in Development Programmes
We recognise that professional people are usually trained to be experts in their field, not to lead and manage a business through change.
Equipping busy, established professional people with the skills to embrace change is challenging, but vital. Here are some reasons why investing in learning makes good, commercial sense:
- Business growth relies on skilled people being able to deliver consistently
- Realising the potential of high performers, and keeping them, means providing real opportunity for professional growth and progression
- New ways of working requires adaptability
- Being able to delegate effectively frees up time to think strategically and provide direction to a team
Delivering Changes in Behaviour
Learning to inspire a team, having a difficult conversation or coaching a colleague does not fit with traditional didactic learning models. Acquiring these skills begins with experiential learning, but also takes practice, a positive attitude and proper support in the work-place. Athena Professional can help you to set up an intelligent, integrated approach to make investment in learning worthwhile.
Evidence of Impact
Establishing the impact of development programmes helps to generate commitment to learning. Establishing ability at the outset and conclusion of any learning intervention helps to generate evidence of impact. We use a range of tools and methods to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on performance to build a picture of individual or team progress.
At Athena Professional we create evidence of compliance as part of the learning experience. Our learning programmes include opportunities for participants to identify their learning needs, reflect, and record how they use new knowledge and skills.
Compliance with CPD provisions
We can also help organisations to set up compliance with cpd regulations, where required, at an organisational level, for example by:
- Working out who needs to demonstrate which competencies; not everyone needs to meet them all!
- Getting everyone on-board with demonstrating reflective practice
- Helping to make work-based learning opportunities purposeful and beneficial


text:
Usage:They tested his hearing with pure tones of different frequencies.
Usage:The manager spoke to the employer in a tone which was indignant.
Usage:His majestic walk shows that he has a muscular tone.
Usage:She took tonic to improve her health.
Usage:Words of wisdom act as a tonic in the times of difficulty.
Usage:A tonic syllable carries the main stress in a word.


Loop Plugin
The only way of putting repetitive numerical values into your templates is either by hard-coding them in or by enabling and using php to do it. I always try to avoid enabling php in templates for security purposes, and hard-coding in for example a drop-down select box with 100 values is never fun.
The loop plugin works just like a simplified for loop does. It takes as parameters an initial value, an increment value, and a limit.
Here is an example of using the loop plugin to create a drop-down select box that allows the user to select the year in which they were born:

 Select year
{exp:for_loop start="1980" end="2000" increment="1"}
 {index}


text:
Diagnosis: Acute rheumatic fever
Criteria: Jones criteria
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a sequella of symptoms that typically occur 2-4 weeks after an untreated bout of group A Streptoccocal (GAS) pharyngitis. Symptoms include arthritis, carditis, erythema marginatum, CNS symptoms, and subcutaneous nodules.
Jones criteria is constellation of symptoms of ARF and are subdivided into major and minor manifestations.
Elevated acute phase reactants
Prolonged PR interval
The diagnosis of ARF is made using the Jones criteria and is positive if the patient has evidence of a preceding GAS infection and:
- Two major manifestations
- One major and two minor manifestations


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BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Wednesday, 13 June 2007, 16:09 GMT 17:09 UK
Spider silk's 'DNA breakthrough'
By Neil Bowdler
BBC News
US scientists have identified the genes behind silk spun by the black widow spider, which they say could help make super-strong body armour.
The University of California biologists also hope to produce other materials based on the silk's structure.
Black widow spiders' silk apparently has a tensile strength about half of that of steel but is much less dense and much more stretchable.
The black widow spider is among the most venomous spiders in North America.
Hanging around
Researchers at the University of California identified the genetic recipe behind the black widow spider's silk, mapping its DNA.
With that genetic code, they plan to synthesise the so-called "dragline" silk - which is apparently one of the strongest in the spider kingdom.
The university's Dr Nadia Ayoub says the commercial applications could be widespread - from stitching for surgery to ultra-strong cabling.
"There's a lot of interest in using silk for something like micro-sutures because it's incredibly strong for how small it is.
"Actually, all the things that the Spiderman does with silk, if you could make an artificial fibre that was that big you could do all of those things. You could hang from walls," Dr Ayoub says.
Other commercial applications cited by the researchers included high-tech athletic clothing.
They are now trying to synthesise the protein that makes up the silk in large enough quantities to make commercial production a possibility.
The biologists are using tomato plants into which they are injecting genetic material in the hope that the tomato seed will yield this spider-silk constituent.
The university is also trying to get a patent on their discovery.
GM goat spins web based future
21 Aug 00 | Science/Nature
Spider scientists spin tough yarn
15 Jun 07 | Science/Nature
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How the world's oldest clove tree defied an empire
Why Royal Ballet principal Sergei Polunin quit
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text:
Date of Defense:
August 18, 2010
Objective: Military life involves unique occupational exposures, including increased job demands, work-family conflict, sexual harassment and assault, and combat-related deployment experiences. The purpose of this study was to compare age differences in self-reported mental health outcomes for women and men with and without a history of active duty military service in a non-institutionalized, population-based sample.
Methods: We used weighted data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=415,364) to assess the association between active duty military service and self-reported mental health outcomes. We conducted sexand age-stratified multivariate logistic regression using Stata version 11.
Results: Compared to their civilian counterparts, women and men aged 18 to 44 with active duty military service were significantly less likely to report one or more days of "not good" mental health in the past 30 days (OR=0.78, OR=0.73, respectively) or to have an elevated Kessler-6 score (OR=0.57, OR=0.79, respectively). Mental health outcomes were similar for women and men in older age groups regardless of military exposure.
Conclusion: Younger individuals with active duty military service were less likely to report mental health issues than non-military women and men from the same age group. It is possible that some aspects of military training may promote mental health for those most proximal to the exposure or that military service affords younger individuals greater access to mental health screening, education, prevention, and treatment than civilian women and men.


text:
Note: Udemy FREE coupon codes are valid for maximum 3 days only. Look for "Get Coupon" blue button at the end of Description.
Creating basic flat design illustrations in Canva for Social Media Posts and Video Thumbnails
Discover how to create the prevalent basic flat design illustrations that are on social media posts, blog posts, video thumbnails and more! During this course you'll create create a coffee cup. a stack of memos, and a cell phone. This Is A Basic Graphic Design For Beginners Using Free Software Course. Throughout this course you'll learn to:
Create a thumbnail image for videos
Create an image for social media posts
Learn the basics of using Canva
Learn about composition, color design, and layout in flat imagery
No prior knowledge or experience is required
This Course Is Taught In English.


text:
Om Mani Padme Hum Mantra
Mantras are prayers based on a Sanskrit formula taken from the Buddhist scriptures and believed to have special power. The mantra Om Mani Padme Hum, is the most popular Tibetan Buddhist mantra. It is the mantra of Avalokitesvara (Chenrezi), the patron Tibetan deity of compassion, who revealed this formula for the benefit of all humanity. It is sometimes simply called the mani and the six-syllable mantra roughly translates "Hail to the Jewel in the Lotus Blossom". More specifically:
- Om (or aum) is the mystic sound which is a symbol of the inexpressible Absolute
- Mani means "jewel" and refers to Chenrezi (Avalokitesvara) or the Doctrine of Buddha
- Padme means in the lotus and implies divine purity
- Hum is an exclamation signifying defiance of evil influences or powers
- Hri, sometimes added as a seventh syllable, dispels sorrow and symbolizes the reality behind phenomena
The mantra is generally written in Tibetan letters. There are layers of meanings and interpretation for this mantra. Tibetan lamas describe the mani as "the essence of all happiness, prosperity and knowledge, and the great means of liberation." Repeating the six syllables is said to release each of the six classes of sentient beings from their bonds. Believers believe reciting the mani will assure them a rebirth in the Western Paradise of Amitabha, Buddha of Boundless Light.


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Introduction to efficient coding style in Common Lisp.
Document location: _URL_
"Lisp Style and Efficiency"
by Gordon S. Novak Jr., Department of Computer Sciences, Univ. of Texas at Austin
"The goals of this short introductory exercise are to present some basic rules about efficiency of programs and to present some standard Lisp idioms that are used in writing efficient code. Readability and elegance of structure are worth more than'saving a few microseconds' in many cases. On the other hand, coding style that increases the computational complexity of a program can make it impossible to solve the desired problem, or make the program so slow that it is not usable in practice. For motivation, we have provided some small functions, written with only minor differences in the ways they are coded, but with striking differences in performance."
Also introduces computational complexity, O(n) notation, and why
CONS is expensive. Explains which functions do
CONSing under the hood, and where it is safe to use nonYou must be logged to add a note
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Topics in Commutative Rings: Unique Factorisation (3)
Example 1: The Gaussian Integers Z[i]
Let's pick the norm function N : Z[i]-{0} → N where N(a+bi) = (a+bi)(abi) = a2+b2. We know that N is a multiplicative function, i.e. N(r)N(s) = N(rs). Instead of checking this by brute force, we write N(x) = x·xc, where (a+bi)ca-bi is the conjugate of a+bi. It's easy to see that conjugation commutes with addition and multiplication:
(x+y)^c = x^c + y^c,\ (xy)^c = x^c y^c, for all x,y\in\mathbf{Z}[i].
Then the norm map is multiplicative because:
N(xy) = (xy)(xy)^c = (xy)(x^c y^c) = (xx^c)(yy^c) = N(x)N(y).
N as an Euclidean Function
To prove that N is Euclidean, we need to show that for any two Gaussian integers, x(y≠0), we can write:
xyqr, where r=0 or N(r) < N(y).
[ Heuristically, r is the remainder and q is the quotient in the division x/y. ] Thus, write x/y = a+bi, where a and b are rational numbers. Taking out the integer part, we can write:
x/y = q + s, where q is a Gaussian integer, and -1/2 < Re(s), Im(s) ≤ 1/2.
Hence x = yq + (ys), where N(ys) = N(y)N(s). But N(s) = Re(s)2 + Im(s)2 ≤ (1/4) + (1/4) < 1 so N(ys) < N(y). Hence:
The ring of Gaussian integers, Z[i], is an Euclidean domain, and hence a principal ideal domain, and hence a unique factorisation domain.
The presence of an explicit Euclidean function is a wonderful thing from the computational point of view. For it allows us to explicitly perform the Euclidean algorithm. Let's go back to the final example in the 3rd article in the series on Ring Theory.
Problem 1 : Given b = 8+i, a = 5-14i, compute gcd(a, b).
Answer : Apply the Euclidean algorithm.
 - (5-14i)/(8+i) = 0.4 – 1.8i, so we take q = 0 – 2i and r = abq = 3+2i.
 - (8+i)/(3+2i) = 2-i, so the gcd = 3+2i. ♦
Problem 2 : Classify all primes in Z[i].
Answer : Let x be prime in Z[i]. Then x divides x·xc = N(x). Hence x must divide some integer. Since an integer is a product of prime integers, xp for some prime integer p. So it suffices to consider how integer prime factors factor in Z[i]. (Sorry for the awkward sentence. )
 - p = 2 : 2 = (-i)(1+i)2
 - p ≡ 3 (mod 4) : if x|p, then N(x) divides N(p) which is p2. Hence N(x) = p or p2. If N(x) = p, then writing x=a+bi gives a2+b2=p which is unsolvable since p is 3 mod 4.
 - p ≡ 1 (mod 4) :
 - First note that m2 ≡ -1 (mod p) has a solution. [ This follows from Wilson's theorem: let p=4k+1. Then (4k)! ≡ -1 (mod p). Prove that (4k)! ≡ (2k)!2. ]
 - Let ym+1i. Now y and p share a common factor, for if y is coprime to p, then yc is coprime to pc = p, so N(y) = y·yc is coprime to p as well (contradiction).
 - Now consider x = gcd(yp) ≠ 1. This x divides p, but it cannot be p since y is clearly not divisible by p. Thus x is a proper factor of p, i.e. N(x) = p.
In particular, we have proven as a corollary that every prime (integer) which is 1 mod 4 can be expressed as a sum of two squares.
Problem 3 : Express the prime p = 10061 as a sum of two squares.
Answer : The first step is to solve for m2 ≡ -1 (mod p). Fortunately, there's a fast general algorithm for computing square root modulo p : the Shanks-Tonelli algorithm. This gives us: 4602 mod 10061. Now it remains to compute gcd(4602+i, 10061) by Euclidean algorithm.
 - 10061 ÷ (4602+i) gives quotient=2, remainder=857-2i.
 - (4602+i) ÷ (857-2i) gives quotient=5, remainder=317+11i.
 - (857-2i) ÷ (317+11i) gives quotient=3, remainder=-(94+35i).
 - (317+11i) ÷ (94+35i) gives quotient=3-i, remainder=0.
Hence, the gcd is 94+35i, which gives 10061 = 942 + 352.
Problem 4. Find the number of integer solutions to x^2 + y^2 = n, where n = 2^3\times 3^4\times 5^2 \times 7^2 \times 13 \times 17.
Answer: We need to count the number of Gaussian integers x for which N(x) = n. Factorise x as a product of primes. Recall that there're three types of primes:
 - (1+i) : N(1+i) = 2;
 - p (a prime integer which is 3 mod 4) : N(p) = p2;
 - xp = a+bi (a Gaussian integer prime, where a2+b2=p and p is 1 mod 4) : N(xp) = p. There are two possibilities for xp, after taking into account associates.
Hence, to obtain a norm of n we need to mix-and-match products of the form:
\text{unit}\times (1+i)^3 \times 3^2 \times\left\{\begin{matrix} (1+2i)^2\\(1+2i)(1-2i)\\(1-2i)^2\end{matrix}\right\} \times 7 \times \left\{\begin{matrix}2+3i\\2-3i\end{matrix}\right\} \times \left\{\begin{matrix}1+4i\\1-4i\end{matrix}\right\}
Since there're 4 units, this gives 4×12 = 48 possibilities. For example, if we pick the top entry in all three cases, then we get:
(1+i)^3 \times 3^2 \times (1+2i)^2 \times 7\times (2+3i)\times(1+4i) = 10962+7434i,
which has norm = 175429800 = n. ♦
Example 2: The Ring Z[√-2]
Let RZ[√-2], which is the set of all complex numbers xa+b√-2. Once again, we define its conjugate to be xcab√-2 and the norm of x is N(x) := x·xc = a2+2b2. Things progress exactly following the case of the ring of Gaussian integers.
For starters, conjugate commute with addition and multiplication, so in particular, the norm is multiplicative:
Once again, N is an Euclidean function because if we write x/ya+b√-2 for rational a and b, then we can express:
x/yqs, where -1/2 < Re(s) ≤ 1/2, and (-1/2)√-2 < Im(s) ≤ (1/2)√-2.
Thus N(s) ≤ 1/4 + 1/2 < 1. This enables us to write xyq + (ys) where N(ys) = N(y)N(s) < N(y). Practice through the following problems. 🙂
Problem 1. Find gcd(32+37√-2, 83-2√-2).
Problem 2. Classify all primes in the ring Z[√-2]. [


text:
Troilus and Criseyde is a work of magnificent scope and intimidating breadth. A strategy that I have found effective for addressing the potentially overwhelming pedagogical task of teaching this masterpiece is to ask students to analyze the relationships between genre and character. Through this process, I encourage students to engage in vectored analysis, which I describe as the examination of a text from at least two converging yet separate perspectives. Encouraging students to examine literature from complementary and vectoring perspectives enables them to make the cognitive leap from a static analysis of one issue to a more vibrant exploration of textual interplay. Vectored analysis provides a pedagogical foundation for students of all abilities to approach multigeneric texts and to reach deeper insights about them. In this essay, I demonstrate this approach with Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, but it could be readily reformulated for a range of multigeneric texts.
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Research Article| April 01 2008
Tison Pugh; Vectoring Genre and Character: A Pedagogical Model for Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde and Other Multigeneric Texts. Pedagogy 1 April 2008; 8 (2): 348–361. doi: _URL_
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text:
The Unit Test as a Fitness Function
Extreme Programming is a concept pioneered by Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham which has gained worldwide acceptance. It is an agile software methodology that espouses fundamental goals and how best to achieve them. The precepts of XP are as follows:
-- Kent Beck, author of "Extreme Programming Explained"
Genetic programming is a model of programming which uses the ideas (and some of the terminology) of biological evolution to handle a complex problem. Of a number of possible programs (usually small program functions within a larger application), the most effective programs survive and compete or crossbreed with other programs to continually approach closer to the needed solution. Genetic programming can be viewed as an extension of the Genetic Algorithm, a model for testing and selecting the best choice among a set of results. Genetic programming goes a step farther and makes the program or "function" the unit that is tested. Two approaches are used to select the successful program - crossbreeding and the tournament or competition approach. A difficult part of using genetic programming is determining the fitness function, the degree to which a program is helping to arrive at the desired goal. A simple example of a genetic programming fitness function would be devising a program to fire a gun. The distance by which the bullet misses its target would determine the fitness function.
The commonality in these two definitions are 'unit test' and 'program' so it seems natural to consider the unit test as a fitness function and hence XP a natural methodology to advance GP.
So Genetic Programming is a Genetic Algorithm performed on a parse tree of executable program code. The fitness is determined by how well the code solves a problem. In XGP, the problem is expressed as a unit test. The unit test is the fitness function. The problems that can be solved are any problem that is solvable by the set of functions in the system, in this case anything solvable by most programming languages.
XGP is a concept that grew from discussions involving Ward Cunningham, Jonathan Groff, and Arthur Copeland.
Essentially, GP is a form of optimization toward the goal of converging upon a'solution', using optimization processes borrowed from an old model built by a power higher and smarter than we. They can, at times, be erratic yet predicable in their inevitable march toward a goal. Part of the optimization is using a 'fitness function' to select the best candidates from a 'population' of 'individuals'. In our case the 'fitness function' is built as a unit test for a specific piece of code functionality, and we converge on the solution to those tests. The Individuals have 'chromosomes' composed of functions and terminals in a parse tree that represent an executable piece of code in the framework.
During reproduction, branches of code from the chromosomes are crossed such that they do not violate programmatic structural integrity and new code is produced. Code that passes the units tests are given varying degrees of fitness by the test. In this way the 'optimum' solution is converged upon. In reality it tends to be highly specific to the unit test, thus enforcing the design methodology espoused in XP.
To initially start the operation we take what we know about the test, the return type and the argument types or variable types, and we use those to randomly populate the starting population with all possible functions for that type. We then inject the variables. Using that set we converge on the return type, and the variables, constants, and return types of functions guide through structural integrity. In the end the code is structurally complete. Execution and check of results in unit test fitness functions, along with exception fitness reduction function, allows us to produce a final raw fitness, which, using a standardization formula, is rolled into the final fitness for that individual. The proportionally fittest individuals are selected from the population to reproduce and the next generation begins.
Write a complete unit test and the code evolves to solve it. Since humans don't write code quickly or easily, it seems like a good job for a computer. All we organics have to do is figure out how to write unit tests correctly.
In contrast to something like bridge engineering, construction of code is but a fraction of the cost of a project. Regardless, it is the adherence to the philosophy of building complete units tests and allowing them to enforce design that is the truly powerful aspect of XP and XGP.
A discussion of Extreme Programming can be found at:
A Genetic Programming FAQ can be found at:


text:
Located just north of the present City Hall, the
natural spring-fed Collect Pond was the main source of fresh water
for New York City until the Croton Aqueduct system was opened.
The African American burial ground was adjacent
to Collect Pond, along with the city armory and a tannery. Gunpowder,
animal slaughter, and burial sites must not have made for a pleasant
A canal was built to drain the now fetid pond,
and that canal later was paved over to form Canal Street. On early
maps of the city, such as the Montresor map of 1767, one can see
the low marshy ground, which demanded drainage.
John Fitch is said to have tested his steam
engine in Collect Pond in 1793, and there are numerous commemorative
maps attesting to his experiments, which predated the work of Robert


text:
In 1521, Arabs attributed a shortage of water in Jerusalem to Jews making wine.
For as long as I can remember conflict between Arabs and Jews had happened for many reasons. Today that conflict stems around land boundaries. It looks like in 1521 Arabs blamed Jews making wine for a water shortage.
Does the conflict between these two groups exist for deeper reasons? Maybe they were once related. Myths attribute Arabs as descendants of Ishmael while saying Jews descended of Isaac, both sons of Abraham. Do you think their conflicts could be some form of sibling rivalry?
Honestly, I want to know if the Jews were really making so much wine in 1521 to cause a water shortage and why they needed to make so much?


Physician's Technology has unveiled a new digital medical hands free joint rejuvenation device for use in hospitals, pain clinics and medical centers.
The FDA-approved, fifth generation WilloMD iLaserX device features a power grid that comes in contact with the skin surface and a special diagnostic sensor system that detects the painful areas of the joint.
The device, which uses digital dynamic photonic and thermal kinetic laser technology, removes joint toxicity, accelerates joint repair and delivers multiple energy based therapy to the joint.
The energy output from the WilloMD is in the safe range as opposed to a potentially dangerous energy blast from conventional therapeutic pain lasers, claims the company.
Previously conducted 2010 landmark medical study has shown that the use of the joint relief device has helped many people lead a new life without pain or pain pills.
University of Pittsburgh surgery professor Dr Ron Shapiro said from the beginning of the first treatment, the average patient using the WilloMD will feel reduced pain relief and improved range of motion.
"As they continue with their suggested joint pain protocol they begin to notice a variety of improvements as they can return to many of the activities they love," Shapiro added.
"They should be able to maintain their improvement with periodic maintenance treatments.
"The best part is they can use the WilloMD when and where they want; right in the convenience of their own home, office, or lockeroom."


Ask A Cartographer
Watershed Delineation
August 15 2008 | 0 comments
Is there a resource to look at to follow a pre-described path for delineating a watershed. I was given an assignment that involves calculating the difference between two watersheds that I need to create around two specific points.
Any help would be great.
Mapping Center Answer:
If you have a DEM and if you have the Spatial Analyst extension, then creating a watershed is fairly straightforward. Watershed is one of the Hydrology Tools in the Spatial Analyst toolset of ArcToolbox. Using this tool you can defined as the total area flowing to a given outlet, or pour point. For your analysis, the point points are the two points you need to create watersheds from.
Note that you will get a better result if you first snap your pour points to a cell in your DEM that has higher flow accumulating in it. To do this, use the SnapPour tool before using the Watershed tool. Of course, the results are also a function of the resolution of your DEM.
Once you are done, you can simply multiply the number of cells within the watershed by the size of a cell in area to get the total area of the watershed.
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text:
Because Heuvelland lies in the outermost tip of the country, close to 'de schreve' (dialect word for the Belgian/French border), it used to have some strange visitors like smugglers and beggars of the wood. In 1568, a few beggars of the wood broke into the presbytery of Reningelst. They took the priest, the curate and the sexton prisoner. The group went to Loker and Dranouter. In Dranouter, the church was set on fire and the priest was taken prisoner. From there, they went into the woods near the French Nieppe. The beggars and their prisoners returned to Nieuwkerke near the Westhof early in the morning where the three priests were finally killed more or less on this spot.
Also in the 16th century, and also in Dranouter, Petrus Pancius was born
(1552). After his studies, he fled as a reformed clergyman to the Netherlands
where he dedicated himself to developing maps. In 1607 he designed a first map
of the world. His sea maps stimulated the discovery of Nova Zembla and
Today, on the Plancius Square in Dranouter, you can find a monument that shows a number of maps from his hand.
Our historical sites:
|Calvary Zwarte Molen||This calvary was erected in 1909 in commemoration of the events that took place during the 16th century. 3 priests were murdered by the wood beggars.||Zwartemolenstraat||toon|
|Pavlik-monument||This monument commemorates the Tsjech pilot Pavlik whose plane crashed on the slopes of Mount Kemmel during the Second World War.||Lettingstraat||toon|
|Petrus Plancius Monument||This monument honours the famous inhabitant of Dranouter: Petrus Plancius, a famous cartographer from the 16th century. The monument shows us some of his maps en overseas journeys.||Planciusplein||toon|
|Polish Chapel||This chapel was placed to commemorate the liberation of the village by the first Polish brigade on September 6th 1944. The statue of the black madonna was sculpted by Bruno Recki, who participated in the liberation of the village.||Schomminkelstraat||toon|
|The Tomb||This stone was erected in 1928 and commemorates three priests who were killed during the 16th century.||Eikelstraat||toon|
Zoom in op the map:
|Searches for places to go:


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Bust of tragedian poet Sophocles from 496-406 b.C.
Made of casting stone with an antique, ivory-colored finish.
Approx. 150mm (15cm) x 60mm (6cm) x 60mm (6cm)
Sophocles (ancient Greek Σοφοκλῆς, c. 496 BCE-406 BCE) was the second of the three ancient Greek tragedians whose work has survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus and earlier than those of Euripides. According to the Suda, a 10th century encyclopedia, Sophocles wrote 123 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, Trachinian Women, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most-awarded playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia.
Sophocles, the son of Sophillus, was a wealthy member of the rural deme (small community) of Colonus Hippius in Attica, which would later become a setting for his plays, and was probably born there. His birth took place a few years before the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE: the exact year is unclear, although 497/6 is perhaps most likely. Sophocles' first artistic triumph was in 468 BCE when he took first prize in the Dionysia theatre competition over the reigning master of Athenian drama, Aeschylus. According to Plutarch the victory came under unusual circumstances. Instead of following the custom of choosing judges by lot, the archon asked Cimon and the other strategoi present to decide the victor of the contest. Plutarch further contends that Aeschylus soon left for Sicily following this loss to Sophocles.


Violence and Intergenerational Poverty
Methods Used in the Sugira Muryango Program
The Impacts of the Program in Rwanda
Potential Global Impacts
– Caroline Dunn
Photo: Flickr
impact of conflict on poverty
Conflict Background and Economic Impact
The Impact on Public Health
Current Aid and Support Efforts
The Future of the Region
Danielle Forrey
Photo: UN Multimedia
Human Rights in Central AmericaCentral America, which includes Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, has a history of human rights violations. The three northern countries (El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras) are considered the most dangerous countries in the region for vulnerable communities. The United Nations defines human rights as rights thought to be inherent no matter any status. Violations of these rights include violence, discrimination and injustices.
Vulnerable Communities
Members and supporters of the LGBTQ community, women and children are the most prone to violence and discrimination in Central America. Violence against LGBTQ people is severe and spread far throughout the region. In northern Central America between 2014 to 2019, 243 LGBTQ people were murdered.
The northern region is also the most dangerous for women. This is because El Salvador has the highest rate of gender-motivated killing in the world. Guatemala follows closely behind at third-highest while Honduras is sixth. In 2017, 2,559 cases of gender-motivated murders were reported in Latin America and the Caribbean with Central American nations making up a majority of the countries with the highest risk for women. El Salvador, Honduras, Belize, Guatemala and Nicaragua are included within the top 10.
Another highly vulnerable group is children. Children suffer from gangs, sexual violence and poverty. Many are forced to flee from Central America to the United States in the hopes of living safer lives, but this journey is often dangerous due to the drug-trafficking gangs. In addition to violence, poverty is also a significant driving force for children and families fleeing Central America. More than two-thirds of children live in poverty throughout El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. In El Salvador alone, 86.8 percent of children live under the poverty line. However, families who do make it to the U.S. border are detained and often separated.
Human Rights Defenders
There is constant work to expand existing organizations and encourage a public environment that allows human rights defenders, local civil society groups and individuals to carry out their vital work without fear of violence. The people on the ground doing research, providing aid and services and protesting injustice are the foundation of the cause.
OutRight Action International, founded in 1990, works to improve the lives and protect LGBTQ people in Central America. In Guatemala, OutRight hosted a security training for LGBTQ activists in 2016. They document abuse and work towards creating a more tolerant society.
Journalists and activists that carry out such work are often detained or arrested for speaking out against the violation of human rights. 87 human rights activists were murdered or died in detention in Central America in 2016. The Latin America Working Group (LAWG) recognizes the importance of activists in the fight for human rights and has launched many campaigns advocating for laws protecting human rights defenders. In many cases, the violence and crime against activists are ignored by law officials and in response, human rights organizations have implemented devices, such as contact buttons and emergency plans, to keep people from being punished for speaking out.
Furthermore, the Pan American Development Foundation, based in Washington D.C., is currently 4 years into a 5-year plan to strengthen human rights in Central America. The project began in 2016 and has provided help to at-risk communities and has established protection systems for civil society groups and human rights defenders.
Moving Forward
Human rights in Central America are challenged every day. These rights are often abused due to the ineffectiveness of government intervention efforts and gang-related violence. Central America has a long way to go in providing a safe and enriching society for its citizens, but with the continued efforts of activists and community groups, there is a possibility for improved safety and livelihoods.
Taylor Pittman
Photo: Flickr
Child Labor in Saudi Arabia
Many know Saudi Arabia as one of the richest countries in the world. With the second largest natural oil reserve underground, Saudi Arabia is rapidly accumulating wealth and political power in international affairs. However, there is a dark side to the flashy urban lights of Saudi Arabia. The wealth gap that exists between the rich and the poor, coupled with the country's patriarchal tradition and its recent conflict with the Houthi movement in Yemen, puts many Saudi and immigrant children in danger of child labor, violence and economic exploitation. Here are 10 facts about child labor in Saudi Arabia.
10 Facts About Child Labor in Saudi Arabia
 1. Poverty is the main cause of Saudi Arabia's Child Labor. While Saudi Arabia is famous for its wealth, thanks in large part to the second-largest oil deposits in the world, there is a big economic disparity between the poor and the rich. According to a study that the Saudi Arabian government funded in 2015, 22 percent of families in Saudi Arabia depend on their children's income.
 2. The minimum employment age is 13. In the royal decree of 1969, Saudi Arabia enacted a law that set the minimum employment age to 13 years old and banned children from working in hazardous conditions. This does not apply to works in the family business, domestic labor and agricultural work. Some employers of Saudi Arabia exploit a loophole in the law. For example, this law does not address the child brides of Saudi Arabia. If a child bride does any house chores or agricultural work for her husband's family, it will not be a violation of the minimum employment age law.
 3. There are cases of child labor trafficking from neighboring countries. Stemming from Saudi Arabia's recent conflict with Yemen, which left Yemen devastated, wartorn and practically lawless, some Yemeni parents are seeking illegal agents who will traffick their children to Saudi Arabia. While some Yemeni parents traffick their children to Saudi Arabia to save them from the desperate conditions in Yemen, other parents traffick their children in hopes of economic relief provided by their children's labor in Saudi Arabia. While deportation is the main concern of many Yemeni parents for their trafficked children, many trafficked Yemeni children are in danger of violence, hunger and sexual abuse.
 4. Child workers usually have parents who have low professional and education level. The low education and professional level of child workers' parents, coupled with economic disparity, make poverty in Saudi Arabia hereditary. Saudi Arabia is taking steps to ameliorate this issue. In early 2018, the Saudi government declared that it aims to eradicate adult illiteracy by 2024. Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Education established adult education centers across the country and launched the Learning Neighborhood program in 2006 in pursuit of this goal.
 5. Children of migrant workers in Saudi Arabia do not have protection under a law that prohibits forced or compulsory labor. Saudi Arabia's labor law does prohibit forced labor, however, these measures do not extend to over 12 million migrant workers in the country. Some employers exploit this loophole in the labor laws, which sometimes results in physical, mental and sexual abuse of migrant workers and their children.
 6. Saudi Arabia's citizenship requirement puts Saudi children in danger of child labor and human trafficking. A Saudi child's citizenship comes from his or her father. If a child has a citizen mother and a non-citizen father, or from a mother who is not legally married to a citizen father, there is a chance that the country will consider the child a stateless person. As a result of being stateless, Saudi Arabia can deny a child state education, and in certain cases, medical attention. According to the U.S. Department of State, about 5 percent of street begging children in Saudi Arabia are Saudi nationals of unknown parents.
 7. The Saudi government is working with the international community to combat child labor. In 2016, with technical advisory services support from the International Labour Organization (ILO), Saudi Arabia ratified its report for ILO's Minimum Age Convention of 1973. According to the United Nations' 2016 report on Saudi Arabia's adherence to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Saudi Arabia adopted and implemented regulations against child abuse and human trafficking. As part of the new labor reforms and regulations in 2015, for example, the Labor Ministry of Saudi Arabia can impose SR $20,000 ($5,333) on employers who employ children under 15-years old.
 8. In 2014, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Women's World Summit Foundation (WWSF) launched a campaign against child labor in Saudi Arabia. For 19-days, WWSF campaigned to raise awareness for child labor, abuse and violence against children and youth. The National Family Safety Program of Saudi Arabia also launched its four-day program which raised awareness for economic exploitation and abuse of children in Saudi Arabia. Through these campaigns, both WWSF and the Saudi government aimed to reduce child labor in Saudi Arabia by highlighting that child labor contributes to the abuse of children by harming children's health, physical development, psychological health and access to education.
 9. UNICEF and the Saudi Ministry of Social Affairs opened a reception center for trafficked Yemeni children. Many trafficked Yemeni children end up in the streets of Saudi Arabian cities as beggars or street vendors. In the worst cases, these trafficked children are under severe danger of exploitation and abuse. When the Saudi authorities detained them, these Yemeni children usually went to prison or open-air enclosures with adult deportees. The center provides shelter for


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July 20, 2010
Mobile Phone Use Increases Risk of Ear Ringing, Study Indicates
Prolonged use of the mobile phone may be associated with an increase in the risk of developing chronic ringing in the ears, according to a study published today in Occupational & Environmental Medicine, a BMJ Publishing Group journal. Business Week reports.
Patients in Austria who used their mobiles for an average of 10 minutes a day were 71 percent more likely to have the condition.
Some 50 million Americans suffer from ringing, buzzing or other phantom noises in one or both ears, a condition known as tinnitus, according to American Tinnitus Association estimates.
... Regularly using a mobile phone for at least four years appears to point to a doubling in the risk of developing a chronic form of tinnitus, defined as having symptoms lasting at least three months, according to the study.
Read full article.
The Permanent Link to this page is: _URL_


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Cheche Konnen Center
Reconceptualizing Diversity in Science Education
For more than a decade, the Chèche Konnen Center at TERC has been researching and documenting the various ways in which children's diverse ideas and ways of talking and knowing are intellectual strengths critical to the learning of science. The Center collaborates with teachers of bilingual students and more recently with teachers of students from a variety of economic, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds. The Center's research and professional development program seeks to design and document pedagogical practices that enable teachers to develop new ways of seeing their students' intellectual and linguistic strengths and new ways of seeing what counts as scientific.
In partnership with teachers, Center researchers have come to view scientific sense-making as encompassing a varied complex of intellectual strengths that students from underserved communities bring to the task of learning in the sciences. These strengths intersect with those characteristic of the sciences in many ways, including forms of argumentation, imagining, narrative and analogical reasoning. Center researchers have documented how teachers can expand the range of discourse practices that they recognize as relevant in the science classroom. The research has also shown that students in these teachers' classrooms perform at high levels on tasks designed to tap their scientific understanding and reasoning as well as on conventional measures of achievement (e.g., items from state, national, and international assessments.) See "The Generative Potential of Students' Everyday Knowledge in Learning Science" in Mathematics and Science Matters.
To lean more about the center and its program of work see _URL_ or view the links under More Info.


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Shift Management section of Human Resources helps your Organization manage shifts of your employees.
To use Shift Management in ERPNext,
- Set Up a Shift Type.
- Enter Shift Request.
- View and Manage Shift Assignments.
The Shift Type document allows you to define the different types of Shifts in your Organization and setup the auto attendance for the shift. Auto attendance marks attendance based on 'Employee Checkin' for Employees assigned to the shift.
To access Shift Type, go to:
Home > Human Resources > Shift Management > Shift Type
- Click on New.
- Enter Name, Start Time and End Time
In addition to defining the different shifts in your organization, the Shift Type document also has the setting for auto attendance. Auto attendance marks the attendance for the employees assigned to this shift based on records in the 'Employee Checkin' Document. Auto Attendance for all shift type records are attempted to be marked every hour. You can also trigger the auto attendance manually for a single shift type by pressing the 'Mark Auto Attendance' button in the shift type document.
2.1 Start Time
The time of the day when this shift starts. The time is to be entered in 24Hrs format.
2.2 End Time
The time of the day when this shift ends. The time is to be entered in 24Hrs format.
Note: For cases where the 'End Time' is less that 'Start Time', the shift is assumed to be a night shift that starts on one calendar date and end on the next calendar date.
2.3 Holiday List
The Applicable Holidays for this shift can be selected here. If left blank then the default holiday list from the employee or the company document is taken in to account.
2.4 Enable Auto Attendance
You can use this option to enable marking attendance for the employees assigned to this shift based on their 'Employee Checkin' records.
2.5 Auto Attendance Settings
You can use the following settings to configure the Auto Attendance as per your requirements.
Determine Check-in and Check-out
Employee Check-in may not always have an IN/OUT log type. For, such scenarios you could use this option to get appropriate results from the auto attendance system.
- Alternating entries as IN and OUT during the same shift:
- The first entry is taken as IN followed by the next entry as OUT and the following entry as IN and so on.
- Strictly based on Log Type in Employee Checkin:
- The check-in is determined as IN or OUT strictly based on the 'Log Type' in the Employee Checkin record.
Working Hours Calculation Based On
Working hours can be calculated either by including the breaks in between the shift or by excluding the breaks.
This can be configured using the following options:
- First Check-in and Last Check-out:
- Selecting this option calculates the working hours by considering the first IN and last OUT Employee Checkin during the shift.
- In case the IN/OUT is determined by alternating entries then the first Employee Checkin is considered as IN and the last Employee Checkin is considered as OUT for the purpose of working hours calculation.
- Every Valid Check-in and Check-out:
- Selecting this option excludes the time during which the Employee is checked out.
- i.e. Only the time during which the employee is checked in is calculated as working hours.
Begin check-in before shift start time
Often employees would check-in a few minutes before the shift start time. To consider these check-ins as part of the shift during the caculation of attendance, you could setup this value accordingly.
Allow check-out after shift end time
Often employees would check-out after the shift end time. To consider these check-outs as part of the shift during the caculation of attendance, you could setup this value accordingly.
Working Hours Threshold for Half Day
If the actual number of working hours is less than the given value in this field then the employee attendance is marked as 'Half Day'. If you never want to mark Half Day based on working hours, you should set this value to zero.
Working Hours Threshold for Absent
If the actual number of working hours is less than the given value in this field then the employee attendance is marked as 'Absent'. If you never want to mark Absent based on working hours, you should set this value to zero.
Process Attendance After
The date from which 'Auto Attendance' should start marking attendance. You should set it to a date after which you have Employee Checkin Records for this shift.
Last Sync of Checkin
This is the time upto which attendance is marked based on the Employee Checkin records. You should set this to a date and time upto which the Employee Checkin has been synced. Otherwise an employee might be marked as absent due to the lack of check-in records.
Shift Request is used by an employee to request for a particular Shift Type.
To create a new Shift Request Log go to:
Human Resources > Shift Management > Shift Request


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The Nature Lab is a hub of investigation where visitors of all ages can participate in real science research, learn scientific methods, and engage in hands-on activities that build their observation skills. They will learn, in other words, to see nature through new eyes.
The lab features live animals, touchable specimens, citizen science projects, and multi-media. It is a place to explore the stories "behind" the extraordinary specimens, animals, and live nature — or as we say at the Museum, the "how we know what we know." It is a bridge between the Museum's indoor research and collections, and our new outdoor space.
Project completion: 2013
Long-term urban biodiversity studies in the world: 1 (ours)
Chance of finding species new to science: 100 percent
" Inspiring wonder, discovery, and responsibility for our natural and cultural worlds is at the core of what we do for our visitors. What will change is that we will do those things outside. We will become, for the first time, a museum of both natural history and living nature. "
– Dr. Jane Pisano,
NHM President and Director


The Stream Doctor
October 20th, 2003
Q. From W. Powell. Hi Doc: For twenty five years I've been fishing for trout during the winter and for more than half of that time I've had doubts about the survival rate of fish released when the water temperatures are so cold that the fish's metabolic functions are lower and the forage levels are severely decreased. Although I experience my most productive fishing from November through March, I would certainly rather discontinue the practice than kill fish. Have you any light to shed on this issue?
A. First of all, I'll relieve your concerns; enjoy your winter fishing. Here's why.
We're looking at several interacting factors here that influence the potential impact of winter trout fishing. Let me discuss these with you.
Evidence from some studies in southern Ontario revealed that during winter, trout remained thin despite having full stomachs. In other words, although food is plentiful (see below) and the trout feed regularly, their metabolic rate is too slow to assimilate the food and convert it to body tissue. Similar results have been found in California and elsewhere in Canada. This would indicate that trout, being in poorer condition during winter, might be more susceptible to fishing impacts.
On the other hand, I talked to two local fisheries biologists (one state and one university) about your question. The state biologist said that in the fisheries he supervises in this area, he sees no detrimental impact of winter fishing on local trout populations. The key word here is "populations." Biologists think in terms of overall fish populations when interpreting impacts, whereas individual anglers are probably concerned with impact on individual fish (is the one I just released going to make it or not?) as well as what impact they may be having on the overall population. His overall reaction based on his experience was to go ahead and enjoy your winter angling. The university biologist thought that factors favoring trout survival during winter were related to the fact that trout are more lethargic in colder water, fight less, and thus experience less stress than those fighting in warmer temperatures.
Another point in this respect is the problem of trying to answer your question in generalities without knowing where you fish or the type of water. Whereas the state biologist found no problems here, I expect that if I called enough biologists, I'd find one who did indeed find some negative impact of winter fishing on a particular population. In other words, different populations may respond differently. For instance, tailwater fisheries, which experience fairly uniform temperature conditions, will probably show no impact to seasonal differences in angling.
Colder water holds more dissolved oxygen; thus, oxygen saturation is the norm at this time of the year so this shouldn't add to any stress. Further, the very fact that the fish's metabolic functions slow down possibly indicates that they are less susceptible to stress at this time.
One point the state biologist did make, however, was this. He did some studies on individual fish survival from handling in winter conditions, particularly ice fishing. For ice fishing, the longer a fish was exposed to freezing air temperatures, particularly the gills, the less chance it had for survival. Thus, the less you expose the fish you catch to the air when it is freezing, the better their chance for survival.
Contrary to your belief that forage levels are low, this is usually the time of greatest abundance for immature aquatic insects. Remember, most insects emerge and deposit their eggs during the warmer months. The eggs hatch and the developing instars grow during winter, reaching their maximum size in spring and summer just prior to emergence. Thus, highest populations of immatures are present during the winter months, although they may be smaller in size initially. As populations develop, the nymphs and larvae get larger and fewer in numbers as natural mortality occurs.
~ C. E. (Bert) Cushing, aka Streamdoctor
105 W. Cherokee Dr.
Estes Park, CO 80517
Phone: _PHONE_
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BUSINESS AND RESEARCH CONSULTANT
Client: ASI: National Technology Initiative
Project goal: develop proposals for a long-term concept of professional training in the field of virtual and augmented reality.
- Prepared a presentation and functional matrix for the project.
Client: Regional office of Central Bank of Russia
Project goal: develop of a complex program to improve financial and IT literacy of citizens in the Crimean region.
- Presented one-year program that can enhance financial and IT the literacy in target audience.


Centre for Vocational Education Research LSE RSS Email Facebook Twitter
Why housing is built in flood-prone coastal areas
Yatang Lin, Thomas K.J. McDermott and Guy Michaels
April 2021
Paper No' :
Tags: economic geography; urban; enivronment
Despite the higher susceptibility to floods and a growing climate crisis, more than 10% of the world's population live in low-elevation coastal zones, and that percentage is growing. Yatang Lin, Thomas McDermott and Guy Michaels use a new dataset on the location of housing and flood risk across thousands of kilometres of the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts to present a detailed picture of housing in low-elevation coastal zones, and its relationship to the vulnerability of different locations to flooding and sea level rise. It also explores how sea level rise may reshape cities, and considers implications in terms of rising costs of flooding and taxpayer subsidies, the economic decline of some neighbourhoods, and lengthening commutes.


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The Smart Sex Workers' Guide to the Global Fund Strategy 2017-2022: "Investing to End Epidemics" is a resource for sex workers to better understand the purpose and the goals of the Global Fund. This Guide describes the key points of the Global Fund Strategy, looks at what they mean for sex workers, and explores the opportunities for sex work organisations to use the strategy to strengthen sex workers' capacity to engage in Global Fund processes and influence sex worker programmes funded through the Global Fund.
- What is The Global Fund Strategy 2017-2022 and what is its Purpose?
- Key Elements of the Strategy
- The Strategic Enablers
- Innovating and differentiating along the development continuum
- Supporting mutually accountable partnerships
- Core Objectives of the Global Fund Strategy 2017-2022
- Core objective 1: maximise impact against HIV, tuberculosis and malaria
- Core objective 2: promote and protect human rights and gender equality
- Core objective 3: promote and protect human rights and gender equality
- Core objective 4: mobilise increased resources
- Catalytic Investment
You can download this 22 page PDF above. This resource will be available in Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish soon.