Sample Question Paper (2020-21) - 1 Class 10 Notes | EduRev
CBSE Sample Papers For Class 10
Class 10 : Sample Question Paper (2020-21) - 1 Class 10 Notes | EduRev
The document Sample Question Paper (2020-21) - 1 Class 10 Notes | EduRev is a part of the Class 10 Course CBSE Sample Papers For Class 10.
All you need of Class 10 at this link: Class 10
Class - X
Social Science
TIME: 3 Hrs.
M.M: 80
General Instructions
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them.
1. The question paper comprises five sections - A, B, C, D and E. There are 32 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A - Question no. 1 to 16 are Objective Type Questions of 1 mark each.
3. Section B - Question no. 17 to 22 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
4. Section C - Question no. 23 to 26 are Source Based Questions, carrying 4 marks each.
5. Section D - Question no. 27 to 31 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 5 marks each. The answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
6. Section E - Question no. 32 is Map-Based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 32.1 from History (2 marks) and 32.2 from Geography (3 marks).
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
8. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
Q.1. The national anthem of Britain is called _____________. (1 marks)
(a) Britain our land!
(b) God save our noble king!
(c) Hail the King!
(d) Together, the British are stronger!
Ans. (b)
The symbols of the new Britain the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God save our noble king) and the English language – were actively promoted in the process of the Unification of Britain.
Q.2. Who designed the Swaraj flag and when? (1 marks)
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi designed the Swaraj flag in 1921.
Who wrote Anandmath?
Ans. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote 'Anandmath'.
Q.3. Read the source given below and answer the following question. (1 marks)
How could non-cooperation become a movement? Mahatma Gandhiji proposed that the movement should unfold in stages. It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods. Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched. Many within the Congress were, however, concerned about the proposals.
A compromise between the supporters and opponents of the Non-cooperation movement was worked out in the Congress session at:
(a) Bombay
(b) Calcutta
(c) Madras
(d) Nagpur
Ans. (d)
 - There seemed to be no meeting point between the supporters and the opponents of the Non-cooperation and Khilafat movements.
 - While the supporters wanted complete freedom, the opponents were willing to fight council elections and reform things from inside the administration.
 - At the Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-cooperation programme was adopted. The Non-cooperation Khilafat movement began in January 1921.
Q.4. What is an investment? (1 marks)
Ans. Investment is the money that is spent to buy assets such as land building, machines and other equipment. Investment in a company can be made by any other company or multinational corporations (MNCs).
Q.5. Arrange the following options in the correct sequence. (1 marks)
(i) Deposit extra cash with bank
(ii) Withdraw money
(iii) Write a cheque
(iv) Open a bank account
(a) (i) - (ii) - (iii) - (iv)
(b) (i) - (iii) - (ii) - (iv)
(c) (iv) - (i) - (iii) - (ii)
(d) (iv) - (iii) - (ii) - (i)
Ans. (c)
 - Banks provide their customers with the facility to deposit their savings in times of cash surplus and withdrawal of money from their deposited amount during need. Deposits are made in an already functioning or new account.
 - Thereafter, to withdraw, one has to write a cheque or fill a withdrawal slip first.
Q.6. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. (1 marks)
Assertion (A): Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and provides as a guarantee to the lender until the loan is repaid.
Reason (R): Till the loan is repaid, the asset belongs to the lender.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true.
(b) Both are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Ans. (b)
 - The asset belongs to the lender when the borrower fails to repay the loan. When the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to sell the asset or collateral to obtain payment.
 - The reason was given, however, is not the explanation of how collateral can be used as a guarantee by the lender till the borrower repays the borrowed money.
Q.7. There are four families living in a neighbourhood. The average per capita income of these families is Rs. 6000. The income of three families is Rs. 4000, Rs. 7000 and Rs. 5000 respectively.
On the basis of the information given above, calculate the income of the fourth family and choose the correct option: (1 marks)
(a) Rs. 8000
(b) Rs. 3000
(c) Rs. 2000
(d) Rs. 6000
Ans. (a)
► Per capita income is the total income of the country/state divided by the number of people in that country/state.
Let the income of the fourth family be A,
Here are a total of four families. The average per capita income (6000) is equal to
Income of fourth family is Rs. 20,000 - Rs. 14,000 = Rs. 6,000.
Q.8. Correct the following statement and rewrite (1 marks)
Bahujan Samaj Party seeks to represent and secure power for Dalits only.
Ans. Bahujan Samaj Party seeks to represent and secure power for the Dalits, Adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities.
Bharatiya Janata Party supports socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism, and communalism.
Ans. Communist Party of India - Marxist supports socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.
Q.9. Different persons can have different ____________. (1 marks)
Ans. Developmental goals
Q.10. Groundwater is an example of __________________.
Ans. Renewable resources
Q.11. Which of the following was the reason for calling off 'the Noncooperation Movement' by Gandhiji? (1 Mark)
Pressure from the British Government
(b) Second Round Table Conference
(c) Gandhiji's arrest
(d) ChauriChaura incident
Ans. (d)
Q.12. Choose the correctly matched pair about the Primitive Cultivation in India from the following. (1 Mark)
Dahiya-Madhya Pradesh
(b) Kumari-Jharkhand
(c) Khil-Andhra Pradesh
(d) Koman-Karnataka
Ans. (a)
Q.13. Identify the soil with the help of the following features. (1 Mark)
 - Red to brown in colour.
 - Sandy in texture and saline in nature.
 - Lacks humus and moisture.
Ans. Arid Soil
Q.14. Define Majoritarianism. (1 Mark)
Ans. A belief that the majority of the community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority.
Define Ethnicity. (1 Mark)
Ans. A social division based on shared culture/ people belonging to the same ethnic group believe in their common descent.
Q.15. Read the given data and find out which country has the most equitable distribution of income. (1 Mark)
(a) Country A
(b) Country B
(c) Country C
(d) Country D
Ans. (a)
Q.16. Read the information given below and select the correct option. (1 Mark)
Mohan is an agricultural labourer.


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Building Intelligent Systems from the Beginning to the End
Dr. Jose Ramirez-Marquez receives NPS funding for research on availability of systems through the systems lifecycle
The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) has awarded Dr. Jose Ramirez-Marquez, Associate Professor, School of Systems and Enterprises at Stevens Institute of Technology, and the University of Oklahoma a one-year joint research grant for developing techniques and methods that will enhance critical intelligence in the designing of large-scale systems operation. In the last decade, NPS has funded research studies for over a million dollars at Stevens, in the complex systems engineering arena.
"I am deeply honored to receive this grant from NPS, said Dr. Ramirez-Marquez. The grant reinforces the Stevens culture of innovation through collaboration and validates the belief that great intelligence ensues when systemic minds come together. Our partnership with the Risk-Based Systems Analysis Laboratory at the University of Oklahoma is producing extensive research in the reliability analysis and optimization of complex systems, the computational analysis of resilience, and the development of evolutionary optimization algorithms."
In the current technological environment, the scale and complexity of systems is increasing dramatically. To reduce the risk of systems failure, repair and maintenance timelines, and to enhance the resilience and availability of the systems lifecycle, it is crucial to develop intelligent data metrics that will address system-level maintenance decisions, and sustain systems through their entire life span.
"Supporting systems across their lifecycle is a highly expensive proposition, and in recent years there has been a rising interest in the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) operations of large-scale systems", Dr. Ramirez-Marquez mentioned. "Industries such as aerospace, civil infrastructure, and military have systems frameworks that are large and complex, and need to be reliable in times of criticality."
"The end goal is to create knowledge that will augment the understanding of the systems design and build efficiencies from the start to the end process", summed Dr. Ramirez-Marquez.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: In this paper we show how using a representation of an elliptic curve as the intersection of two quadrics in $\PP^3$ can provide a defence against Simple and Differental Power Analysis (SPA/DPA) style attacks. We combine this with a 'random window' method of point multiplication and point blinding. The proposed method offers considerable advantages over standard algorithmic techniques of preventing SPA and DPA which usually require a significant increased computational cost, usually more than double. Our method requires roughly a seventy percent increase in computational cost of the basic cryptographic operation, although we give some indication as to how this can be reduced. In addition we show that the Jacobi form is also more efficient than the standard Weierstrass form for elliptic curves in the situation where SPA and DPA are not a concern.


How to Install a Dual Fuel Range
Worker Removes Appliance Dolly from New Kitchen Range
What You'll Need
Electric outlet and wiring
Hose or pipes (for gas source)
Adjustable wrench
Dual fuel ranges have grown in reputation as the importance of proficient model home kitchens has increased. Installing dual fuel ranges can provide cooks with the benefits of more than one kind of fuel in preference to the restrictions of a solitary fuel range.
Dual fuel ranges, known as duel fuel stoves, have developed into a well-liked option for people whose budget and home design can contain them. Installing dual fuel ranges is easy provided you follow the proper steps and safety precautions.
Step 1 - Familiarize Yourself with Fundamentals of Dual Fuel Ranges
The dual fuel range is a stove which combines various fuels for cooking: electricity and gas. Gas is a clammy heat, and it provides enhanced temperature regulation for top-of-the-stove cooking. Great chefs tend to favor gas cooktops. Gas-fueled cooking has a lower operating cost compared to electric-fueled cooking, thus by using a gas-fueled cooktop one possibly saves on operating costs. The oven is typically operated by electricity.
Step 2 - Install Dual Fuel Range
pot heating on a gas burner
Clean and check the area where the old stove was placed. Ensure you have new electric lines for the oven. Inspect the quality of pipes for the gas source. Usually, dual-fuel ranges work with the existing 120 Volt outlet, so no need to have a specialized outlet for it. You need to ensure that the gas pipes from the source to the cooktops are firmly and safely fastened. Follow other reminders indicated in the owner's manual to ensure everything was set up correctly.
Step 3 - Install Gas Hose
If your home has no basement, the shutoff needs to be along the wall at an access panel's back. You need to take out the cap of the gas line using an adjustable wrench, if a gas range was never used before. Next, wrap the fitting on top of the stove while the gas pipe is coming up through the floor, using Teflon tape. Screw a flex hose end to the fitting along the gas stove, then tighten it using an adjustable wrench. After this, screw the other flex hose end onto the gas pipe coming up through the floor and tighten it using the wrench. Switch on the dual fuel range gas supply.
Step 4 - Take the Final Considerations
range with an open oven door
When it comes to selecting among various kinds of fuel for your range, always consider your safety while cooking. Also, in existing houses the kitchen design may limit your choice either to electricity alone or to gas alone as your cooking fuel. On the other hand, some existing houses do have the capability for dual-fueling of the preferred range. Budgeting also begs consideration: dual fuel ranges include higher purchase costs as well as higher maintenance costs than ranges which are either electric-fueled or gas-fueled only. Installation of the dual fuel range is a straight-forward job, which is normally guided by the manual provided by the manufacturer. Typically, the only concern of the dual fuel range purchaser is the piping for the gas source and the wiring for the electricity line.


text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Graph \Graph\ (gr[.a]f), n. [See -graph.] (Math.) 1. A curve or surface, the locus of a point whose coordinates are the variables in the equation of the locus; as, a graph of the exponential function. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 2. A diagram symbolizing a system of interrelations of variable quantities using points represented by spots, or by lines to represent the relations of continuous variables. More than one set of interrelations may be presented on one graph, in which case the spots or lines are typically distinguishable from each other, as by color, shape, thickness, continuity, etc. A diagram in which relationships between variables are represented by other visual means is sometimes called a graph, as in a bar graph, but may also be called a chart. [Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Tips for restaurant pricing
One of the most important choices of menu systems in any restaurant. It may seem simple, but the fact that it can not harm the intuition simply. This requires consideration, observation, and some questions. For example, do you remember your last visit to the market or the mall as a buyer? How many products did you have a reasonable price to stimulate your purchase? In reality, pricing should be an amount that someone else is willing to pay for the service or product.
Creating a restaurant menu is a tricky business. It includes not only the choice of attractive and popular foods, but also competitive pricing. Pricing is not only important for business to become profitable, but also to provide good value for customers to win them.
Tips for Determining the Price of Food
Let's see how to sell food items in the menu:
* Typically, successful restaurants are 27-32% of food sales. These percentages may be higher or lower depending on the type of restaurant. However, to be more accurate, it is best to compare the cost percentage with restaurants offering similar menus and services.
* All food ingredients must be included in the calculation of food costs. Cost each menu item's recipe and do not forget things like spices and fruit margins.
* The cost of recipe for items and sales prices determines whether your food costs are in line with industry pricing. This helps you monitor performance and analyze problems and trends.
* Ideally, it should be able to determine consistent overall food costs that, in combination with appropriate pricing, have a positive impact on profitability.
* It is important to note that there are other restaurant costs that need to be taken into account in determining the optimal pricing of menu items. These include work, rental and debt costs.
Here are some tips on how to sell alcoholic beverages in the menu:
* Create drinks costs in the middle of a 20% sale of drinks. As far as food is concerned, they may be higher or lower. Delicious restaurants can enjoy up to 40%. On the other hand, brasserie restaurants may be as low as 15%. So it's important to find out about industry proportions, compared to costs with restaurants at the same level of menus and services.
* Food costs, like food costs, have to be closely monitored with other restaurants and the industry average compared to previous performance. This will help you evaluate items at competitive prices and increase the profitability of the entire operation.
* Although you need regular taxes, you should be aware of additional taxes related to local jurisdiction as these may affect depreciation rates. For example, Philadelphia has an additional 10% amortization tax.
If we take into account the above factors while choosing pricing for menu items, you will surely succeed in operating a profitable restaurant.
Source by sbobet
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What Is R&B Music All about?
Rhythm and Blues music, or R&B music, was originally race music and included any form of music intended for black audiences which was a combination of jazz, gospel, and blues. Originally, the term R&B was coined in the United States in the late 1940's as a less offensive marketing term. Originally it focused on boogie rhythms but today it has a different sound that focuses on pop beats and culture rather than the blues, gospel and jazz sounds of previous generations.
1 Additional Answer
R n B evolved out of jump blues in the late '40s, it kept the tempo of jump blues, but its instrumentation was sparer with emphasis on the song. It was blues played with an insistent backbeat. R&B was dominated by vocalists like Ray Charles, Ruth Brown, the Drifters and the Coasters among others.
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1. Buy a music software program that will help you manage your tracks. There are many on the market right now, starting at around $100. Some suggestions for software are Cakewalk
Rand B music is like rap with some hip hop in it. R stands for rythym and b for blues. from the Africans in Africa getting sent to America, their music was adopted and changed to
1 Research the history of Rhythm and Blues, create an understanding of where it originated from. Ad 2 Understand the importance it has had on society in the past and how it has evolved
Rhythm and blues (R & B) is a genre of popular African American music created in the 1940s to
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Twenty Genres of Music: Country. Pop. Rock. Hip hop. Rap. Classical. Blues. Jazz. Heavy Metal. Soul. R&B. Folk. Reggae. Funk. Gothic. Disco. Freestyle....


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as far as I know, Linux has 'fast interrupts', those that were requested with SA_INTERRUPT flag; fast interrupts are executed with all other interrupts disabled on the current CPU. But how does it differ from the normal interrupt handler behavior (where)?
There is a good write up here:
So the only difference is the one that you mentioned; that fast interrupt handlers execute with all other interrupt handlers disabled, for faster performance.
As of today, you can mostly forget about the
If you have a kernel before 2.6.18, you'll probably won't use it (see Justin's answer).
Today's usage of
Concerning the difference; a normal interrupt can be interrupted by an other interrupt (preemption), a "fast" one on the other hand, can not.


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If you ever play to visit a country where the primary spoken language is Arabic, then knowing and being able to use common Arabic phrases. Even though English is gradually becoming the most used language in international business in some situations. Speaking the language of the locals and talking to the people. It shows respect and an effort to their culture by just knowing a few common Arabic phrases.
In any language, you should be able to greet people and introduce yourself or simply ask for help or directions. Arabic greeting and phrases to start or end conversations. Being able to introduce yourself in Arabic. Being able to say your "Sorry" or ask politely for someone to repeat themselves. Common Arabic words and phrases like saying "yes' and "no"
Most of the sentences below can be used for travel and daily life conversations. So they might come handy if you memorize and practice then.
The following is a list of common Arabic phrases that you may need to know in the Arabic language:


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Applying propensity scores estimated in a full cohort to adjust for confounding in subgroup analyses
BackgroundA correctly specified propensity score (PS) estimated in a cohort ("cohort PS") should, in expectation, remain valid in a subgroup population.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether using a cohort PS can be validly applied to subgroup analyses and, thus, add efficiency to studies with many subgroups or restricted data.MethodsIn each of three cohort studies, we estimated a cohort PS, defined five subgroups, and then estimated subgroup-specific PSs. We compared difference in treatment effect estimates for subgroup analyses adjusted by cohort PSs versus subgroup-specific PSs. Then, over 10 million times, we simulated a population with known characteristics of confounding, subgroup size, treatment interactions, and treatment effect and again assessed difference in point estimates.ResultsWe observed that point estimates in most subgroups were substantially similar with the two methods of adjustment. In simulations, the effect estimates differed by a median of 3.4% (interquartile (IQ) range 1.3–10.0%). The IQ range exceeded 10% only in cases where the subgroup had ConclusionsOur empirical and simulation results indicated that using a cohort PS in subgroup analyses was a feasible approach, particularly in larger subgroups.


text:
textglos – Typeset and index linguistic gloss abbreviations
The package provides a set of macros for in-line linguistic examples (as opposed to interlinear glossing, set apart from the main text). It prevents hyphenated examples from breaking across lines and consistently formats phonemic examples, orthographic examples, and more.
|Licenses||The LaTeX Project Public License 1.3|
|Contained in||TeX Live as textglos|
MiKTeX as textglos
Download the contents of this package in one zip archive (417.1k).
Maybe you are interested in the following packages as well.
- arcs: Draw arcs over and under text
- drs: Typeset Discourse Representation Structures (DRS)
- overword: Parse text
- ling-macros: Macros for typesetting formal linguistics


Movement Culture represents a contemporary paradigm shift in physicality, moving us away from main culprits in movement and fitness as well as the separation between health, aesthetics, performance and art.
The intention is not to present those involved as 'Masters of Movement' - as anyone presenting himself as such is delusional at best. No one can be a master of all movement pursuits.
What is the goal behind Movement Culture then?
First and foremost to create a dialogue and a cross disciplinary exchange of information between various types of movers. Information that was isolated in specific isolated practices can be extremely useful for other types of movers, but in the past this information was not shared. Second, the intention is to provide tools and support the development of Movers and specialists - practitioners of both isolated movement practices as well as wider spectrum ones.
What is a mover?
Someone who sees beyond the technicalities of each movement pursuit or discipline. Someone who finds interest and wishes to understand the body, health, performance and physical artistic expression.
How can I become involved?
The most important thing is to recognize yourself as a Mover and develop yourself as one. The Ido Portal Company is hosting various events providing an educational experience for Movers, we highly recommend you attend and learn more. As well, The Movement Camp is being hosted each year where Movers from around the world gather to study with Ido, his team and other guest teachers.
More details about the movement workshops can be found here.


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Fazilat Hojaji is a PhD student in software engineering at University of Isfahan, Iran. Her current research interests include model execution, tracing of executable models, and dynamic analysis. She has received the B.Sc in Software Engineering from Isfahan University of Technology and M.Sc. in Information Technology Engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. She is currently the head of development management department of Isfahan Municipality IT organization.
Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a development paradigm that aims at coping with the complexity of systems by separating concerns using models. A model is a representation of a particular aspect of a system, and is defined using a Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML). A subclass of DSMLs aim at supporting the execution of models, namely executable Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (xDSMLs). An xDSML includes execution semantics that manipulate the concepts of the considered domain. To ensure that an executable model is correct with regard to its intended behavior, dynamic Verification and Validation (V&V) techniques are used to verify the behavior of software systems early in the design process. Yet, existing V&V techniques mainly rely on execution traces to model and analyze the behavior of executable models. An execution trace is a sequence containing all the relevant information about an execution overtime. Traces, however, tend to be overwhelmingly large, making it difficult to analyze the recorded behavior. There exist trace metamodels to represent execution traces, but most of them suffer from scalability problems. Furthermore, existing model execution tracing approaches rely on their own custom trace formats, hindering interoperability and sharing of data among various trace analysis tools. The goal of this thesis is to fill this gap and provide a common trace exchange format for traces, designing scalable trace representations that enables the construction and manipulation of execution traces, obtained from executable models. The first contribution of this thesis comprises a systematic mapping study on existing approaches for tracing executable models. With this study, we aim at identifying and classifying the existing approaches, thereby assessing the state of the art in this area, as well as pointing to promising directions for further research in this area. The second contribution consists in a generic compact trace representation format called Compact Trace Metamodel (CTM) that enables the construction and manipulation of execution traces, obtained from executable models. Compared to existing trace metamodels, the results show significant reduction around 59% in memory and 95% disk consumption. Also, the performance overhead required to the CTM trace construction is small enough around 10% that makes it practically applicable. Moreover, CTM offers a common structure, which allows interoperability between existing trace analysis tools.


text:
- Direct-Push Technologies
- Fiber Optic Chemical Sensors
- Gas Chromatography
- Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
- High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
- Infrared Spectroscopy
- Laser-Induced Fluorescence
- Mass Flux
- Mass Spectrometry
- Open Path Technologies
- Passive (no purge) Samplers
- Test Kits
- X-Ray Fluorescence
Direct-push platforms have gained widespread acceptance in the environmental industry over the past decade because of their versatility, relatively low cost, and mobility. Direct-push units use hydraulic pressure to advance sampling devices and geotechnical and analytical sensors into the subsurface. The weight of the truck in combination with a hydraulic ram or hammer is used to "push" the tool string into the ground. In some rigs, vibration is added to hydraulic pressure to better advance the tools. There are two sampling modes. One uses a specific tool string that either performs downhole measurements or gathers a soil or water sample at a specific depth. In this mode no soil is removed in creating the borehole. In the other mode, a dual tube arrangement is used to take continuous soil samples for evaluation at the surface. Unlike continuous soil sampling with an auger rig, no extraneous cuttings are produced and the samples are taken at a much faster rate.
The two major classes of direct-push platforms are cone penetrometer (CPT) and hydraulic percussion hammer systems. While "CPT" technically refers only to the geotechnical cone penetrometer instruments advanced by these vehicles, the vehicles themselves have come to be known by this designation. The distinction between these units is that CPT advance the tool string by applying a hydraulic ram against the weight or mass of the vehicle, while percussion hammer units add a hydraulic hammer to the hydraulic ram to compensate for their lower mass. These platforms share the same principle of operation, similar tools, and a number of advantages and limitations. They differ in scale, application, and to some extent the types of instruments and tools that have been developed for each. For these reasons, CPT and percussion hammer platforms fill different niches in the environmental field.
The following sections provide the reader with an introduction to the two major classes of direct-push platforms. A brief description of each platform and the theory of operation for each are provided. Subsequent sections provide details on the platforms' modes of operation; system components; types of sampling, analytical, and geotechnical equipment that have been developed for both platforms; throughput information; and a breakdown of their advantages and limitations. The final section provides links to additional on-line resources, project case studies, and contact information and a cursory cost analysis.
CPT systems are generally the larger of the two direct-push platforms. CPT systems are usually mounted on a 10- to 30-ton truck, as illustrated in the illustration to the right. Unlike a percussion hammer system, CPT systems use a static reaction force to advance steel rods and either a sampler or analytical device. The static reaction force generally is equal to the weight of the truck, which is supplemented with steel weights or with smaller rigs in-ground anchors. CPT systems that weigh 20 tons are common. A variety of samplers for retrieving soil, soil gas, and groundwater samples are used with CPT systems. Geotechnical sensors employed with a CPT system include sleeve-friction and tip-resistance sensors that map soil texture. Chemical sensors as well as downhole desorption or sampling techniques have been developed to detect, delineate, and monitor sites contaminated with petroleum products, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), metals, and explosives.
In contrast to their larger cousins, percussion hammer systems are usually mounted on pick-up trucks or tracks; however some equipment can be mounted on much larger vehicles (see photo below). A percussion hammer system uses a combined force generated by the static weight of the vehicle on which it is mounted and a percussion hammer to advance steel rods and either a sampler or analytical device. A variety of samplers for retrieving soil, soil gas, and groundwater samples are commonly used with systems. Geotechnical sensors used with a percussion hammer system include tip-resistance sensors (also used by CPT systems) that map soil behavior types and hydraulic conductivity sensors that map soil conductivity. As
with the CPT, chemical sensors have been developed to detect, delineate, and monitor
sites contaminated with petroleum and VOCs. Dual tube continuous coring can also be performed for better delineation of stratigraphy and detection of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs).
Because of the complexity of sensor systems and the specialized requirements for operating CPTs, their operation calls for considerable experience. For this reason, CPTs are designed to be operated by trained technicians, not the general public. Most systems are typically deployed with a three-person crew and a geologist. Two people are needed to handle the push rods and operate the hydraulic press, and a third person operates the sensor systems, if applicable.
The principle behind CPT technology is fairly straightforward. A hydraulic ram is used to push the penetrometer tip and push rods into the subsurface, often to depths in excess of 100 feet below ground surface (bgs). The depth of penetration is limited by the structure of the subsurface formation. The technology can be used only in unconsolidated material. Hard layers, partially cemented sediments, and rocks and boulders limit penetration.
A percussion hammer system directly drives sampling tools and sensors into the subsurface; drilling is unnecessary to remove soil in order to make a path for the tool. The system relies on a relatively small amount of static weight combined with percussion to provide the energy for advancement of a tool string. Probing tools depend on soil compression or rearrangement of soil particles to permit advancement of the tool string.
Probing tools are advanced as far as possible using only the static weight of the carrier vehicle. Greater depth is achieved using the combined effect of the vehicle weight and hydraulic hammer percussion. Percussion is often required when probing near the ground surface to penetrate hard-packed soil. The probe is then allowed to penetrate using only static force until resistance is again encountered, at which time percussion is reapplied.
Compared to a CPT system, percussion hammer systems require far less training and experience, however, it is essential that the operator be familiar with the limitations and operations of the system and have a complete understanding of the sampling tools associated with the system prior to operation.
Unlike most percussion hammer systems, the hydraulic ram apparatus and all support systems are enclosed within the CPT truck. CPT push rods are typically 1 meter long and are flush-threaded so that additional lengths may be added as greater depths are reached. Additional rod sections are stored on-board for easy addition during probe advancement. Built-in grout systems allow the remaining boreholes to be filled while the rods are retracted, and most systems also have an integrated decontamination system that cleans the rods with hot water or steam as they are being withdrawn into the vehicles.
A variety of samplers are carried in the CPT truck. Geotechnical sensors and analytical instruments may also be included in the system. These instruments are attached to data acquisition systems inside the CPT truck by data cables inside of the probe rods, allowing acquisition and analysis of data to be conducted within an enclosed, protected work space.
For a diagram of a typical CPT system, click here.
The depth capability of a percussion hammer system depends on the amount of force the hammer can deliver and the static weight of the vehicle in which the system is mounted. The "pushing" of tools into the subsurface depends on the drive-down force, which ranges from 250 to 35,000 pounds. The extraction force, which is necessary to remove tools from the subsurface, ranges from 13,000 to 70,000 pounds.
Percussion hammer systems are outfitted on a number of platforms capable of accessing areas within a building. Some platforms are small enough to pass through a standard doorway. These systems also have been outfitted on track-mounted vehicles and ATVs that permit access to off-road areas.
Percussion hammer systems are capable of directional drilling into the subsurface at up to 37.5 degrees. Most systems are equipped with a standard cylinder capable of advancing 54- and 66-inch-long tools into the subsurface; however, some systems are designed for stroking up to 12-foot lengths.
For a diagram of a typical percussion hammer setup, click here.
CPT systems can advance a full range of soil, soil gas, and groundwater samplers and a growing list of analytical instruments. Specially-designed samplers are used to collect high-quality groundwater, soil gas, and soil samples. Geotechnical sensors provide a rapid, reliable, and economical means of determining soil behavior types which can be related to soil stratigraphy, relative density, and strength. Hydrogeologic conditions such as hydraulic conductivity, static and dynamic pore pressure, and soil and water conductivity can also be collected. These instruments are briefly discussed below.
Many of the soil, soil gas, and groundwater samplers resemble the physical samplers used with percussion hammer direct-push systems. These samplers are advanced by the rod. Either retrieving the rod and sampler, or physically collecting a soil gas or groundwater sample through the rod retrieves the sample.
Piston-type samplers are used to collect relatively undisturbed soil samples without generating soil cuttings. Several different types of samplers are used, depending on the soil type and density. The soil sampler is initially pushed in a "closed" position to the desired sampling interval and the inner cone tip of the sampler is retracted about 12 inches, exposing a hollow soil sampler with an inner liner. The hollow sampler is pushed in a locked "open" position to collect a soil sample.


text:
Short Summaries of Articles about Mathematics
in the Popular Press
"It All Adds Up": Review of Science and an African Logic, by Helen Verran. Reviewed by Margarget Wertheim. CalendarLive on latimes.com, 23 December 2001.
Helen Verran taught mathematics and science to teachers at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ife-Ife, Nigeria, between 1979 and 1986. There "she found that her African pupils would often approach mathematical problems in what, to her Western-trained eyes, seemed highly unorthodox ways. It turns out that the Yoruba language has a particularly flexible way of representing numbers. Although in English and in other Western languages, any given number has a unique verbal representation, in Yoruba there will be many ways of speaking a large number---for the number 19,669, for example, Verran lists no fewer than seven distinct ways. Each variation is a verbal encoding of a different arithmetic pattern: ((20,000 x 1) - 400) + (-1 - 10 + (20 x 4)) = 19,669 or (20,000 - 1,000) + (-100 + (200 x 4)) - (1 + 30) = 19,669." The flexibility is due to the fact that, unlike our system based on the number 10, the Yoruba language recognizes three bases: 10, 5, and 20. Verran's two key insights are that the Yoruba traditionally had no written form for their numbers (numbers were always verbal and never abstract) and that their understanding of numbers is based on the body (reflecting the human arrangement of fingers and toes). The reviewer praises Verran's book Science and an African Logic as "a major contribution to the debate" about how humans think of numbers that "will no doubt keep philosophers arguing for years to come."
--- Annette Emerson


Grant curse no longer weighing on Giants
Grant curse no longer weighing on Giants
That's one nail in the plague.
And one for the plaque.
If the San Francisco Giants knew it would be this easy, they would have allowed Eddie Grant back on the wall a long time ago. With Wednesday night's Game 1 victory over Texas, they have taken the first step toward perhaps their first World Series triumph since 1954.
What of such significance could possibly have come between the Giants of '54 and today? Besides a continental shift of 2,600 miles, that is?
A plaque dedicated to Grant, an unlikely turn-of-the-century ballplayer and World War I hero, and prominently mounted on the center-field wall of the Polo Grounds went missing. This was no pea-sized homage, but a five-foot rectangular memorial clearly visible in that famous clip of Willie Mays' over-the-shoulder grab in the '54 Classic.
Grant was killed on Oct. 5, 1918, in the Battle of Argonne in France. The New York Giants unveiled their tribute between games of a Memorial Day doubleheader in 1921.
With that plaque looking over them, the Giants won the 1921 World Series, then three more before venturing West. In 1958, the franchise moved to San Francisco, lock, stock and barrel -- but no Grant plaque, which did not survive the fans' on-field invasion following the Polo Grounds farewell game of Sept. 29, 1957.
The mysterious disappearance of the plaque isn't what angered the baseball muses. But did they subsequently punish the Giants for their disinterest in locating the missing original plaque, or in authorizing a replacement?
Baseball historians think so. As do authors Mickey Bradley and Dan Gordon, who explore the phenomenon in a pair of books, "Field of Screams: Haunted Tales from the Baseball Diamond, the Locker Room and Beyond" and "Haunted Baseball: Ghosts, Curses, Legends & Eerie Events."
Through the San Francisco years, the Giants were frequently approached by various groups about installing a makeup memorial, but were repeatedly rejected by an ownership that considered Grant part of the New York Giants' past. The last such spurned overture was made by the Great War Society in December 2001.
Ten months later, the Giants lost another World Series, to the Angels.
On Memorial Day 2006, Giants ownership finally gave in and mounted a replica plaque to Grant at AT&T Park, a club official at the time telling the author Bradley, "Baseball fans are so superstitious, and players are too, so you have to take this stuff seriously. And if by putting up a plaque we can break some sort of curse, who's to say it's not the right thing to do?"
We're about to find out, across the next 10 days.
The Polo Grounds original plaque read:
PHILADELPHIA NATIONALS _PHONE_-1910
CINCINNATI REDS _PHONE_
NEW YORK GIANTS _PHONE_
The replica is a faithful reproduction mounted near AT&T Park's Lefty O'Doul entrance. O'Doul was a career.349 hitter who won a pair of National League batting titles -- he nearly hit.400 in 1929, when he finished at.398. Meaning, he and Grant had nothing in common.
Grant may have been baseball's first renaissance man. He was Harvard-educated and grammatically-correct, known to get on teammates' nerves by yelling on pop flies, "I have it," rather than the traditional but ungrammatical, "I got it."
As a ballplayer, Grant was an accessory. In a 10-year career, he never hit higher than.277, had good speed but only moderate extra-base pop. He had his greatest success early in his career with the Athletics and was really only a blip on the Giants' radar, playing 202 games for them in three seasons.
But he wore the hero's mantle well. He volunteered for the military in 1917, at 34 being well beyond draft age, and distinguished himself as a brave battlefield leader before falling.
So the N.Y. Giants were honoring the man, not the ballplayer, with that plaque. After many decades, the Giants recognized that Eddie Grant towered above the limitations of being "part of New York Giants history," and they did right.
Whether it serves them right, we'll soon know.


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Exploring the Opportunities for Visa Sponsorship Jobs in the USA in 2024
The United States has long been an attractive destination for skilled professionals seeking new opportunities and growth in their careers. With the advent of 2024, the landscape for visa sponsorship jobs in the USA has witnessed significant shifts and developments. As the global workforce becomes increasingly interconnected, the American job market continues to offer a multitude of prospects for foreign workers looking to contribute their expertise. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the intricacies of visa sponsorship opportunities, the evolving job sectors, and the essential steps to secure employment in the United States.
Understanding the Current Visa Landscape
In the ever-evolving realm of visa sponsorship, it is crucial to comprehend the various visa categories and their specific requisites. The U.S. immigration system offers diverse pathways for foreign nationals to obtain work authorization, including the H-1B visa, L-1 visa, O-1 visa, and more. Each visa type caters to distinct professional backgrounds, skill sets, and employment objectives. Furthermore, staying informed about the latest updates and policy changes is paramount to navigating the visa process efficiently.
The Impact of Regulatory Changes on Visa Sponsorship
The recent shifts in governmental regulations and immigration policies have brought about notable implications for individuals seeking visa sponsorship in the USA. As the political climate evolves, prospective visa applicants must remain vigilant about any alterations in the visa application process, eligibility criteria, and documentation requirements. Staying abreast of these changes can significantly enhance one's chances of securing a coveted position with a reputable American employer.
Identifying Lucrative Sectors for Visa Sponsorship Jobs
In the contemporary American job market, certain industries exhibit a heightened demand for skilled professionals, thereby presenting lucrative prospects for individuals aspiring to work in the USA. Some of these burgeoning sectors include technology, healthcare, finance, engineering, and research. With the ongoing digital transformation and the increasing emphasis on innovation, tech-centric roles have become particularly sought after, offering competitive compensation packages and diverse career advancement opportunities.
Navigating the Tech Industry for Visa Sponsorship
The tech industry, renowned for its rapid growth and dynamic work environment, remains a prime avenue for foreign talents seeking visa sponsorship jobs in the USA. Companies ranging from tech startups to established tech giants actively seek skilled individuals proficient in software development, data analytics, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity, among other specialized domains. Amid the digital revolution, possessing in-demand tech skills can significantly bolster an individual's prospects of securing employment with a reputable American tech firm.
Strategies for Securing Visa Sponsorship Jobs in the USA
Successfully obtaining a visa sponsorship job in the United States necessitates a strategic approach and meticulous planning. While the process may appear intricate, adhering to certain best practices can streamline the journey towards acquiring a work visa and commencing a rewarding professional endeavor in the USA.
Cultivating a Robust Professional Network
Building and nurturing a robust professional network within the desired industry can prove instrumental in securing visa sponsorship opportunities. Engaging in industry-specific events, conferences, and online networking platforms can facilitate meaningful connections with potential employers and industry influencers, consequently increasing the likelihood of being considered for coveted job positions.
Enhancing Professional Credentials and Skill Sets
In the competitive landscape of the American job market, continuously honing one's professional credentials and skill sets remains imperative. Pursuing relevant certifications, advanced educational courses, and specialized training programs can not only amplify one's expertise but also make a compelling case for potential employers to sponsor
a work visa. Additionally, staying updated with the latest industry trends and technological advancements can significantly enhance one's marketability and employability.
The pursuit of visa sponsorship jobs in the USA embodies a journey brimming with potential, challenges, and transformative opportunities. By comprehensively understanding the intricacies of the American job market, staying informed about visa regulations, and strategically positioning oneself within the desired industry, individuals can embark on a fulfilling professional expedition in the land of opportunities. As the year 2024 unfolds, the United States continues to beckon talented individuals from around the world, fostering an environment of inclusivity, innovation, and professional growth.


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The skeleton-bound organic nitrogen in reef-building symbiotic corals may be a high-resolution archive of ocean nitrogen cycle dynamics and a tool for understanding coral biogeochemistry and physiological processes. However, the existing methods for measuring the isotopic composition of coral skeleton-bound organic nitrogen (hereafter, CS-δ15N) either require too much skeleton material or have low precision, limiting the applications of this relatively new proxy. In addition, the controlling factors on CS-δ15N remain poorly understood: the δ15N of source nitrogen and the internal nitrogen cycle of the coral/zooxanthellae symbiosis may both be important. Here, we describe a new ("persulfate/denitrifier"-based) method for measuring CS-δ15N, requiring only 5mg of skeleton material and yielding a long-term precision better than 0.2‰ (1σ). Using this new method, we investigate CS-δ15N at Bermuda. Ten modern Diploria labyrinthiformis coral cores/colonies from 4 sampling sites were measured for CS-δ15N. Nitrogen concentrations (nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, and dissolved organic nitrogen) and δ15N of plankton were also measured at these coral sites. Among the 4 sampling sites, CS-δ15N shows an increase with proximity to the island, from ~3.8‰ to ~6.8‰ vs. atmospheric N2, with the northern offshore site having a CS-δ15N 1-2‰ higher than the δ15N of thermocline nitrate in the surrounding Sargasso Sea. Two annually resolved CS-δ15N time series suggest that the offshore-inshore CS-δ15N gradient has persisted since at least the 1970s. Plankton δ15N among these 4 sites also has an inshore increase, but of only ~1‰. Coral physiological change must explain the remaining (~2‰) inshore increase in CS-δ15N, and previous work points to the coral/zooxanthellae N cycle as a control on host tissue (and thus carbonate skeletal) δ15N. The CS-δ15N gradient is hypothesized to result mainly from varying efficiency in the internal nitrogen recycling of the coral/zooxanthellae symbiosis. It is proposed that, in more productive inshore waters, greater food uptake by the coral causes a greater fraction of its low-δ15N regenerated ammonium to be excreted rather than assimilated by zooxanthellae, raising the δ15N of the inshore corals. If so, coral tissueand CS-δ15N may prove of use to reconstruct and monitor the state of the coral/zooxanthellae symbiosis over space and time.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Geochemistry and Petrology


I want to edit Ruby files using Python scripts and I need to
 1. Check if a function call exists within a class, add if not present, check function call args if present and change accordingly
 2. Check if a function def exists and if not insert a function definition inside a class
 3. Points 1 and 2 for blocks (and also for classes and modules)
 4. When rebuilding the edited file comments should be intact
Suggest me a Ruby/Rails parser written in Python. Also, tell me if it is a lot easier in Ruby itself rather than finding a library in Python, and if that would give me a lot more flexibility and even more abilities to control the Ruby files.
Are you trying to edit the ruby files while the ruby application is running?
Or are you using the python scripts to generate a project, like cookiecutter?
Ruby does support reflection and metaprogramming so you can:
 1. check if a method exists using respond_to?
 2. define a method using define_method.
If it were me, I'd do everything in ruby, but it depends on your usecase.
 - I am trying to generate a project just like cookiecutter. And you are right, I later realized I will have to end up having a full fledge ruby parser in one way or the other written wholly in Python, and it makes more sense to use Ruby's own reflection and meta api to change things in ruby files for checking if the function exists or not, or to add new ones. But it would still fall short when it comes to adding an assignment statement and function calls in an existing function or blocks. (Or would it? do we have methods for that as well?) – Saravanabalagi Ramachandran Nov 14 '18 at 12:52
Your Answer


Creating MMS Message Files
Creating MMS Message Files – MMSCOMP
The over-the-air MMS message file format is a binary file format, and special tools are required to create MMS message files. The MMSCOMP utility is provided to assist in the creation of MMS message files. The MMSCOMP utility accepts text input files to create a binary MMS Message file.
Please note that it is not necessary to create binary MMS message files in order to send MMS messages. NowSMS supports a variety of APIs for sending MMS messages., and only the MM1 interface uses the binary MMS message file format created by MMSCOMP. The binary MMS message file format is what is used for the actual over-the-air delivery of MMS messages to a mobile phone. Please refer to the article MMS Messages and How MMS Works for further background and discussion of MMS protocols and formats.
When creating a binary MMS message file with the MMSCOMP utility, you are creating an MMS message that is pre-packaged for direct MMSC delivery. This file is placed on a standard web server, with the.MMS file extension mapped to the MIME content-type application/vnd.wap.mms-message. To send the MMS message, an MMS Notification message is sent to the recipient, referencing the URL from which the MMS message can be retrieved.
A standard format is not defined for a text version of an MMS message file, however a format can easily be derived based upon the OMA MMS Encapsulation Protocol Specification. The MMSCOMP utility accepts as input a file that contains text representations of the MMS header, and one or more files (image, sound, text, etc.) to comprise the multipart message content.
MMSCOMP is a command-line utility that accepts the following command-line format:
MMSCOMP [–ccharset] header.file [data1.file [data2.file [data3.file …]]]
-ccharset is used to specify a character set for the text components of the input files. This parameter is not required. The default character set is iso-8859-1. Other supported character sets include big5, iso-10646-ucs-2, iso-8859-1, iso-8859-2, iso-8859-3, iso-8859-4, iso-8859-5, iso-8859-6, iso-8859-7, iso-8859-8, iso-8859-9, shift_JIS, us-ascii, and utf-8.
header.file is a text file that contains text representations of the MMS message header. Supported MMS message headers include:
X-Mms-Message-Type: m-retrieve-conf (required)
X-Mms-Transaction-Id: text-string
X-Mms-Version: 1.0
Message-Id: text-string (usually x@x format)
Date: HTTP-date-format
From: address@domain or +InternationalPhoneNumber/TYPE=PLMN (Address-present-token is assumed)
To: address@domain or +InternationalPhoneNumber/TYPE=PLMN (use multiple headers for multiple recipients)
Cc: (optional, same format as To)
Bcc: (optional, same format as To)
Subject: text-string
X-Mms-Message-Class: Personal, Advertisement, Informational or Auto (default is Personal)
X-Mms-Priority: Low, Normal or High (default is Normal)
X-Mms-Delivery-Report: Yes or No (default is No)
X-Mms-Read-Reply: Yes or No (default is No)
Content-type: MIME-Type (default is application/vnd.wap.multipart.related, override default with caution!)
X-NowMMS-Content-Location: filename;content-type (optional, use multiple headers for multiple files)
Only the X-Mms-Message-Type header is required, other headers are optional. It is recommended that From and Subject headers always be included.
Note that while the message may contain multiple recipients in the To, Cc and Bcc headers, the gateway itself will only send the MMS notification message to one recipient at a time, as specified in the PhoneNumber parameter passed in a URL request.
At least one data file must be specified to provide the content of the MMS message. This data file can be specified on the command line (e.g., data1.file, data2.file, data3.file, …), or it may be specified in the MMS header file with one or more X-NowMMS-Content-Location headers.
If the first data file is a SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) file, then MMSCOMP will automatically parse all "src" references in the SMIL file and include any referenced files in the MMS multipart message file automatically.
If a SMIL file is to be included for presentation of the MMS message, it is recommended that the SMIL file always be specified as the first data file to the MMSCOMP command.
MMSCOMP determines the MIME type of each file based on the file extension, or when using the "X-NowMMS-Content-Type" header, the content type can be specified following the file name. File extensions of.jpg,.jpeg (image/jpeg),.gif (image/gif),.txt (text/plain),.wbmp (image/vnd.wap.wbmp) and.smil (application/smil) are recognized automatically. Other file extensions are read from the MMSCTYPE.INI file, or the Windows registry, under the registry key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.extension, where ".extension" is the extension of the file. For best results, please ensure that any file types that you are using with MMSCOMP are defined in the MMSCTYPE.INI file.
The output of the MMSCOMP command will be stored in a file that matches the name of the input header file, but with ".MMS" as the file extension.
Assume that:
 1. You have created an MMS message header file named "test.hdr".
 2. You have created a SMIL file named "testfile.smil". The "testfile.smil" file references three external files through the following references in the SMIL file:

 3. The "image.jpg", "sound.amr" and "text.txt" files referenced by the "testfile.smil" file are located in the same directory as the "testfile.smil" file.
To create a binary MMS file, run:
MMSCOMP test.hdr testfile.smil
MMSCOMP test.hdr testfile.smil image.jpg sound.amr text.txt
If you want to specify a character set for the text file, include the –cCHARSET parameter:
MMSCOMP -cUTF-8 test.hdr testfile.smil
The output of the MMSCOMP file will be "test.mms" (e.g., the same filename as "test.hdr", but with a ".mms" file extension).
To send the compiled MMS file, you can either:
 1. Submit it as a content file to the Send MMS Message option in the Web Menu Interface.
 2. Store the file on a web server using a MIME content type of "application/vnd.wap.mms-message", and use the gateway to send an MMS Notification Message.
 3. If the message recipient is defined to the MMSC built into the gateway, attach the file to an e-mail message and send the message to username@mmsdomainname, where "username" is the alias name defined for the user on the "MMSC Users" dialog, and "mmsdomainname" is the "Domain Name for MMS E-Mail" defined on the "MMSC" dialog. Please refer to the section titled MMSC Messaging Server for information on configuring the MMSC to send and receive e-mail messages.
The MMSCOMP utility works well in conjunction with tools such as the SonyEricsson MMS Composer. The SonyEricsson MMS Composer creates SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) files, which are often used in MMS messages, but it does not create the complete binary MMS message file. To use the output of the SonyEricsson MMS Composer, use File/Export to export your MMS message to a specified directory. The composer will output a SMIL file and any included MMS message components to the directory specified. Create an MMS message header file, and then run MMSCOMP passing the name of the MMS message header file and the name of the SMIL file output by the SonyEricsson MMS Composer.


Barrage Viereth
Rejuvenation for 80-year-old infrastructure
At over 80 years old, the oldest barrage on the Main has long since reached its theoretical service life. In terms of maintenance, KREBS + KIEFER contributes a lot towards the planning of the building and structural engineering.
Among other things, the damaged weir rollers need to be replaced by segment weirs, which can better withstand today's constant fine adjustment. The engineers have developed all the necessary adjustments for this. Because the new gates introduce a modified load, the pillar foundations have to be renovated and a record of compliance with current standards needs to be maintained. Along with the weir gates, the worn-out weir supports had to be renewed.
The planning work also included the renewal of the pool base, retaining walls and culverts for provisional cable conduits. Because of the insular position of the weir between the lock and power plant, good site logistics is essential for the smooth progress of the renovation work. As such, a crane foundation was built into the embankment of the weir field as a preliminarily measure.
 - Planning of the property*
 - Planning of the supporting structure*
 - SiGeKo
 - * in a consortium with IRS


text:
This article will cover:
What does the flow look like from the Advocate point of view?
- Navigate to the AdvocateHub URL
- There are two scenarios:
- If they have previously logged in to your portal and the cookie is still present in the browser then they will be brought directly to the AdvocateHub.
- If they have not previously logged in and have no cookie they will be invited to enter their login credentials to your platform, upon successful entry of these, they will be brought to the AdvocateHub.
Note: If an advocate is already a member of another AdvocateHub with the same email address then there is one additional step in the flow. After they successfully enter their credentials into the customer portal, they will see a message like below:
An email will be sent to the Advocate which will include a link which they just have to click on and they will be brought back to the login screen to enter their credentials once more before gaining access to the AdvocateHub.
Here is a visual walkthrough of the flow the Advocate will experience:
How do invites work with SSO?
You can get Advocates into your hub in a number of ways:
1. Join Code/Join URL - These work exactly the same as they would on a non-SSO hub. Read more on them here
2. As enabling SAML means anybody with access to your Identity Provider can access Influitive, you can also provide your Advocates with just your hub URL and they will be able to access. The disadvantage of this is the lack of segmentation.
3. You can send out traditional email invites from our system or Marketo. If you send these the Advocate must use the link provided in these emails or else they may encounter permission issues.
Things To Think About If Implementing SSO On An Active Hub
What can you do to prepare for this?
Can I have Employees access the AdvocateHub via SSO but Customers access using the traditional method?
Using SAML, no, anybody who has an account setup in the platform you are utilizing SSO in will be able to access the AdvocateHub. This is a case of all or nothing. If you want to use SSO then everybody has to login using it. So for example, if you have employees who have accounts in your portal they can login through SSO, but if you have customers who don't have an account in your portal they have no way to login when SSO is enabled in your AdvocateHub.
Where are the 'Terms and Conditions' and Consent housed when using SSO?
How does the AdvocateHub App work with SSO?


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Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)
The Bergthal Mennonite settlement and church, near Mariupol, Ekaterinoslav, South Russia (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine), begun in 1836, was the first daughter colony of the Chortitza (Old Colony) settlement. The Chortitza settlement, established in 1789, consisted of some 24,000 acres of land with some 20 villages. By 1830 the population had increased so that the surplus land was exhausted and there were many landless people.
In 1836 the government made available a tract of 30,000 acres of arable land approximately 40 miles east of the Molotschna settlement in the district of Mariupol. Some 145 landless Chortitza Mennonite families settled here, establishing five villages—Bergthal, Schönfeld, Schönthal, Heubuden, and Friedrichstal. By 1867 the settlement consisted of some 370 families of whom nearly 100 were again landless or day laborers.
Administratively and ecclesiastically the settlement was independent. The first elder was Jakob Braun, who was succeeded by Gerhard Wiebe. The administration of the settlement was in the hands of the Oberschulze. Because of its distant location the Bergthal settlement had little contact with its mother colony and thus did not keep pace with the developments of the larger settlements. When in the 1870s the educational system of the Mennonites was subjected to the control of the government and a general conscription of young men was in preparation, the leadership of the Bergthal settlement was greatly alarmed. They took part in the delegation to St. Petersburg and in seeking land where they would obtain the lost freedoms. Oberschulze Peters and Heinrich Wiebe investigated America for settlement purposes, joining the delegation of 12 in 1873. Elder Gerhard Wiebe writing about the outcome stated: "The congregation chose Canada because it is under the protection of the Queen of England and therefore we believe that the principle of nonresistance could be maintained there for a longer period of time and also that the church and school would be under our own administration."
In 1874 the first and largest group left Bergthal via Hamburg for Ontario, arriving in Winnipeg 31 July 1874 on the steamer International. From here they proceeded by boat 25 miles south where they established their homes on the East Reserve which had been chosen by their delegates. By 1876 all property of the Bergthal settlement in Russia had been sold and the last of the 500 families consisting of nearly 3,000 persons had left. Only a few families remained in Russia. This was the only Mennonite settlement which migrated as a compact group from Russia to America during that time. Some members of the Kleine Gemeinde joined the Bergthal settlement in Manitoba. Some of the Bergthal group soon moved from the East Reserve to the West Reserve. Those remaining on the East Reserve later became known as Chortitza Mennonites, while the majority on the West Reserve were named Sommerfeld Mennonites and a more progressive minority retained the name Bergthal Mennonites (see Bergthal Mennonites).
Although of the same background, the Bergthal and Old Colony Mennonites (coming from Chortitza and Fürstenland in Russia) never united as one congregation. Most of the Old Colony Mennonites later moved to Mexico and a considerable number of the Sommerfeld and Chortitza Mennonites migrated to Paraguay.
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, _PHONE_: v. I, 165.
Wiebe, Gerhard. Causes and history of the emigration of the Mennonites from Russia to America. Winnipeg : Manitoba Mennonite Historical Society, 1981.
Wiebe, Gerhard. Ursachen und Geschichte der Auswanderung der Mennoniten aus Russland nach Amerika. Winnipeg : Der Nordwesten,. Reprinted Strassburgo, Chihuahua, Mexico: Strassburg Platz, 1997.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, and Waterloo, Ontario, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, p. 282. All rights reserved. For information on ordering the encyclopedia visit the Herald Press website.
©_PHONE_ by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.
MLA style: Krahn, Cornelius. "Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1953. Web. 19 June 2013. _URL_
APA style: Krahn, Cornelius. (1953). Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 19 June 2013, from _URL_


text:
December 14 2017
Date: December 14, 2017 (Thu)
Time: 17:30 -
Venue: IRCMS 1F Meeting Lounge
Speaker: Toshio Suda, M.D., Ph.D.
Stem cell behavior such as dormancy/activation and mobilization/homing is determined by cell-intrinsic programs and the external microenvironment (niche). The understanding of stem cell nature is critical in regeneration medicine and cancer biology. However, since the knowledge of the stem cell niche is still fragmentary and often discussed separately in each tissue, here, we conjunct our data and methodologies to understand the interaction of stem cells with their niche cells. We believe that cancer stem cells (CSCs) mimic normal stem cells. Thus by comparing niche function for normal and malignant stem cells, we will gain insights into CSCs and their niche, which is epigenetically altered.
In this lecture, the following topics will be discussed; i) identification of stem cells and their niche cells; ii) clarification how the niche regulates stem cell dormancy and proliferation through adhesion molecules, cytokines and metabolic exchange between stem cells and niche cells; and iii) the mechanism of the stem cell mobilization/homing to the niche.
Hematopoietic stem cells, Cancer stem cells, Dormancy, Microenvironment(Niche), Cell metabolism


Tel: 65 6887 4385 / Fax: 65 6887 4291
Email: _EMAIL_
Preauricular Ear Sinus Infection
FAQ of Preauricular Cyst
Q: What is Preauricular Cyst?
A: It is a common benign malformation that is noted upon physical examination as small dent that is adjacent to the external ear. Preauricular cyst is formed when there incomplete or defective fusions of the six hillocks of the auditory. It appears unilaterally but there are about 25% to 50% cases being bilateral.
Q: What are the symptoms of Preauricular Cyst?
A: Common symptoms may include recurrent infections with discharge from the preauricular sinus pit, abscess formation in front of the pinna, cellulitis, etc.
Q: What are the sites of involvement of preauricular cyst?
A: The sites of involvement includes lobule, superior and anterior side of the auricle, along the posterior surface of the helix margin and most commonly, the anterior side of the margin of the ascending limb of helix.
Q: What are the complications of preauricular sinus?
A: During the acute phase of infection, antibiotics are given to act against the pathogen that is the cause for preauricular cyst. However, when there is abscess formation, a surgical incision and drainage will be done.
A: Recurrent or persistent infection after surgery may be due to the incomplete removal of the sinus tract or inadequate removal of the mass.
A: It will be done as a day surgery thereby it is not necessary to stay in hospital. The surgery will be done usually in the morning and after a few hours of observation in the Day ward, you will be able to be discharged from the hospital. Request to stay overnight in the hospital for recovery could also considered.
Q: Will my surgery be under general or local anesthesia?
A: Most excisions are done under general anesthesia for the comfort of the patient. However, local anesthesia could also be arranged if the patient has health condition that is deemed unfit to go under general anaethesia.
A: Yes, Medisave could be used but it is subjected to a cap, stipulated by the CPF board. Please ask our staff on the amount that could be claimed from Medisave for your surgery.
Q: Will my insurance pay for my whole surgery?
Q: What is the estimated cost of my surgery?
A: For every surgery, there will be 3 incurred components - surgeon, anesthetist fee and operating theatre charges/recovery room/ medication used for the surgery/ medication charges. These charges will depend on the complexity of the surgery. The doctor will be able to advise you on the estimated charges for your surgery after the physical examination.
A: Depends on the type of surgery, you may be asked to stop all blood thinners such as vitamin E, fish oil which could affect blood clotting especially if they have been taken on a long term and should not be taken 7 days before surgery. Also, do inform us if you are having a fever as the surgery might be postponed due to the condition. Once you confirm your surgery date, our staff would brief you on the pre and post surgery procedures.
Q: Do I have to fast before the surgery?
A: Yes, fasting is required before surgery. Adult patient must abstain from food/water for 6 hours before surgery and kid patient must not drink/eat for 4 hours before surgery.
Q: How long will my surgery takes?
A: This form of surgery will usually take about 45minutes.
Q: Will there be stitches to remove after the surgery?
For International Patients
Q: How long do I have to stay in Singapore?
A: As our hospital is located in the heart of the city, there are many convenient hotels in this location. We have compiled a list of accommodation that are near our hospital. We could provide you with this list if required.
Parkway Patient Assistance Centre (Ppac) could assist patient to book accommodation at Parkway Health corporate rate if required. Just email: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it and let them know you are here to consult our doctor and they would assist in the hotel booking.
A: Post surgery, an appointment will be given to you to come back to consult the doctor. He will examine you and check the progress of the wound. International patients who are returning to their home country for follow-up treatment, a medical report could be provided to your local doctor.
A: There is no surcharge on international patients. Our charges are based on the length of consultation and the complexity of each procedure.
Back to Ear Services
telephone (65) 6887 4385
Fax: (65) 6887 4291
#07-02 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre
3 Mount Elizabeth
Singapore 228510
Opening Hours:
Mon – Fri
Sun/Public Holiday
8.30am to 5.30pm
8.30am to 1pm
CALL US: (65) 6887 4385 #07-02 Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Mount Elizabeth Singapore 228510
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from 7.62x54R)
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Type Rifle
Place of origin Russian Empire
Service history
In service 1891–present
Used by Russian Empire
Soviet Union
Russian Federation
Finland[1][dead link]
Warsaw Pact
North Korea
United States
Wars Boxer Rebellion
Russo-Japanese War
World War I
Russian Civil War
Winter War
World War II
Korean War
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Cambodian Civil War
Cambodian-Vietnamese War
Soviet war in Afghanistan
Yugoslav wars
Gulf War
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Russia–Georgia war
Libyan civil war
Syrian civil war and many others
Production history
Designed 1891
Produced 1891–present
Case type Rimmed, Bottleneck
Bullet diameter 7.92 mm (0.312 in)
Neck diameter 8.53 mm (0.336 in)
Shoulder diameter 11.61 mm (0.457 in)
Base diameter 12.37 mm (0.487 in)
Rim diameter 14.40 mm (0.567 in)
Rim thickness 1.6 mm (0.063 in)
Case length 53.72 mm (2.115 in)
Overall length 77.16 mm (3.038 in)
Case capacity 4.16 cm3 (64.2 gr H2O)
Rifling twist 240 mm (1 in 9.45 in)
Primer type Berdan or Boxer Large Rifle
Maximum pressure 360 MPa (52,000 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet weight/type Velocity Energy
Test barrel length: 73cm, 28inch
Source(s): [2][3]
From left to right: 7.62×54mmR, 7.62×39mm and 7.62×25mm.
The 7.62×54mmR is a rimmed rifle cartridge developed by the Russian Empire and was introduced as a service cartridge in 1891. Originally designed for the bolt-action Mosin–Nagant rifle, it was used during the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present day. The cartridge remains one of the few standard issue rimmed cartridges still in military use and has the longest service life of all military issued cartridges in the world.[4]
The American Winchester Model 1895 was also chambered for this cartridge per a contract with the Russian government. The 7.62×54mmR is still in use by the Russian military in the Dragunov and other sniper rifles, as well as some modern machine guns like the PKM. Originally, the round was designated as "Трехлинейный патрон образца 1891 года" - (Three-line cartridge model of 1891). It then became widely known under the designation "7,62мм винтовочный патрон" (7,62mm rifle cartridge). The round has erroneously come to be known as the "7.62mm Russian" (and is still often referred to as such colloquially), but, according to new standards, the "R" in the modern official C.I.P. designation (7.62 × 54 R) stands for Rimmed, in line with standard C.I.P. designations. The name is sometimes confused with the "7.62 Soviet" round, which refers to the 7.62×39mm cartridge used in the SKS and AK-based (AK-47) rifles.
The 7.62×54mmR is the oldest cartridge still in regular combat service with several major armed forces in the world. In 2011 the cartridge reached 120 years in the service mark. The 7.62×54mmR is currently (December 2013) mainly used in sniper rifles like the Dragunov sniper rifle and machine guns like the PKM. The ballistic performance is slightly better than the.308 Winchester/7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. The.30-06 Springfield cartridge (7.62×63 mm) with its higher service pressure and case capacity can outperform the 7.62×54mmR, especially when same length test barrels are used in this comparison.[5] The 7.62×54mmR's case capacity prevents it from reaching the most powerful.30-06 loads, but even with this limit, it has been used to successfully kill large bears. Because of performance similar to the iconic American.30-06 cartridge, a similarly rich military and historic heritage and amazing longevity, the 7.62×54mmR is nicknamed "the Russian.30-06" by some. It is also one of the few (along with the.22 Hornet,.30-30 Winchester and.303 British) bottlenecked, rimmed centerfire rifle cartridges still in common use today. Most of the bottleneck rimmed cartridges of the late 1880s and 1890s fell into disuse by the end of the First World War.
The 7.62×54mmR originally had a 13.7 g (210 grain) "Jager" round-nosed full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet. Due to experiences in the Russo-Japanese War, the projectile was replaced in 1908 by the "L" 9.5 grams (147 gr) spitzer bullet, which basic design has remained standard to the present.
Sniper Rounds[edit]
To increase accuracy for the Dragunov SVD, the Soviets developed the 7N1 variant of the cartridge in 1966. The 7N1 was developed by V. M. Sabelnikov, P. P. Sazonov and V. M. Dvorianinov. It used match-grade extruded powder instead of the coarser ball propellant and had a 9.8 g (151.2 gr) boat-tailed FMJ jacketed projectile with an air pocket, a steel core and a lead knocker in the base for maximum terminal effect. Produced by "Factory 188" (Novosibirsk Low Voltage Equipment Plant), cartridges are only head-stamped with the number "188" and the year of manufacture. It came packaged 20 loose rounds to a paper packet, 22 packets to a metal "spam" tin, and two tins per wooden case for a total of 880 rounds. The individual paper packets, hermetically sealed metal'spam' cans, and wooden shipping crates were all distinctly marked Snaiperskie ("Sniper") in Cyrillic. Even the wax wrapping paper for the paper boxes was covered in red text to make sure it wasn't misused.
Cartridge dimensions[edit]
The 7.62×54mmR has 4.16 ml (64 grains H2O) cartridge case capacity. The pronounced tapering exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in bolt action rifles and machine guns alike, under challenging conditions. Although the design did not help improve reliability, the cartridge's shape remains the same to the present day.
7.62 x 54 R cartridge.svg
According to the official C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) guidelines the 7.62×54mmR case can handle up to 390 MPa (56,564 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.
The attainable muzzle velocities and muzzle energies of the 7.62×54mmR are comparable with the.308 Winchester. The spitzer bullets used in the military variants have a particularly elongated shape which results in a favorable ballistic coefficient and sectional density, contributing to an adequate long range performance and energy retention. _URL_
When used with modern hunting bullets, the 7.62×54mmR is capable of taking game in the medium to large sized class(CXP2 and CXP3). In Russia the 7.62×54mmR is commonly used for hunting purposes mostly in sporterized Mosin–Nagant rifles and civil Dragunov variants (Tigers).
Basic specifications of 21st century Russian service loads[edit]
The 7.62×54mmR rounds in use with the Russian Armed Forces are designed for machine guns and sniper rifles. As per 2003 there were several variants of 7.62×54mmR rounds produced for various purposes. All use clad metal as case material.
a conventional steel-core bullet is designed to engage personnel and weapon systems. The bullet has a steel core. The tip has no distinguishing colour. It can penetrate a 6 mm (0.2 in) thick St3 steel plate at 520 m (569 yd) and 6Zh85T body armor at 110 m (120 yd).
an enhanced penetration bullet is designed to kill personnel wearing body armor. The bullet features a heat strengthened core. The tip is uncoloured. A sealing lacquer belt on the mouth of the case is red-coloured.It can penetrate a 6 mm (0.2 in) thick St3 steel


text:
Survive the Amazon Rainforest in a Heart-Pumping Adventure with Green Hell - the Ultimate Survival Game. Immerse yourself in the Wild and Unforgiving World of the Amazon, where every decision counts. The game is available for free download and can be installed on supported Windows versions and hardware mentioned below.
Green Hell Overview
Green Hell is a survival game that takes place in the Amazon rainforest. Developed by Creepy Jar, the game was released in 2019 for PC and later for other platforms. In Green Hell PC download, players take on the role of a man named Jake Higgins, who has been stranded in the jungle and must survive the harsh conditions while uncovering the mystery behind his wife's disappearance.
The premise is survival, as players must scavenge for food, water, and resources to maintain their health and well-being. The game also features an environmental hazard system that adds a layer of challenge to the gameplay. Its genre is a first-person survival game with elements of exploration, crafting, and resource management.
Green Hell's gameplay is focused on survival and exploration. Players must navigate the jungle and manage their resources to stay alive. The game features several mechanics contributing to the survival experience, such as hunting, crafting, and building shelters.
Hunting is an essential part of the game, as players must kill animals to obtain food and materials for crafting. Players can craft weapons and tools using resources in the jungle, such as stones, sticks, and plant fibers. Building shelters is also important for survival, as players need a safe place to rest and recover from injuries.
The environmental hazard system adds an extra layer of challenge to the gameplay. Players must contend with dangerous animals like snakes and jaguars and environmental hazards like disease and infection. It has a sanity meter that decreases when players experience traumatic events, such as encountering dangerous animals or being injured.
Green Hell Story
The story of Green Hell free download, follows Jake Higgins as he searches for his missing wife in the Amazon rainforest. The narrative structure primarily focuses on exploration and discovery, as players uncover clues about Jake's wife's whereabouts and the reason for her disappearance.
The game's themes revolve around the dangers of the jungle and the consequences of human impact on the environment. The story also touches on mental health and the toll survival can take on a person's psyche.
Graphics and Sound
Green Hell's visual design is impressive, featuring realistic and detailed environments that accurately depict the Amazon rainforest. The graphics are particularly impressive in terms of lighting and shadow effects, which add to the immersive atmosphere.
The game's sound design and music also contribute to the overall experience. The sound effects are realistic and help to create a sense of immersion in the jungle environment. The music is minimalistic, consisting of ambient sounds that enhance the atmosphere. Regarding graphics and sound, Green Hell PC download compares favorably to survival games like The Forest and Rust. However, the emphasis on realism and immersion sets it apart from other survival games.
Green Hell is a thrilling survival experience that immerses players in the harsh realities of the Amazon rainforest. The game's survival mechanics and environmental hazard system add a layer of challenge to gameplay, making it a rewarding experience for players who enjoy survival games. The emphasis on immersion and realism sets it apart from other survival games and has influenced the genre.


text:
Struts also known a MacPherson Struts. Struts are a type of shock
absorber. Struts are used on the front end of almost all front-wheel-drive vehicles. Struts
unlike shocks are an integral part of the vehicle suspension. A complete strut assembly
integrates numerous suspension parts into one compact assembly, including the coil
spring; spring seats, strut, upper bearing or mount. TOYOTA Van struts dampen up
and down suspension travel by forcing hydraulic oil through valves in the shocks internal
piston. Premium struts are pressurized with nitrogen gas replacing atmospheric air in the
shock; this prevents bubbles from forming in the hydraulic oil. Gas struts improve
vehicle comfort and control
Besides being a shock absorber a strut is also an integral part of the vehicle
suspension, remove the strut and vehicle is inoperative. Struts slow down and reduce the
spring's natural frequency through process known as damping. TOYOTA Van struts
dampen movement of the vehicle's springs as they compress and rebound during vehicle
travel. Struts influence the vehicle ride, handling and control by keeping the tire in
contact with the road.
TOYOTA Van struts do not require replace at
specific mileage intervals or maintenance. Your vehicle's struts should be checked
annually. Struts wear out slowly and you may not notice gradual losses in ride comfort,
handling and control. Excessive bouncing, rocking back and forth, drifting or nosediving while braking, swaying, or cupping wear on the tires are some signs that your
vehicle may have worn Struts. If you are purchasing new Struts for your TOYOTA Van consider premium Struts. Upgrading your struts usually improves overall ride
quality, control and handling. Warn struts can increase the wear of tires, ball joints,
steering linkage, springs and C.V. joints. Some original struts may be getting weak after
40,000 or 50,000 miles.
Vehicle continues to bounce after hitting bumps in roadway. Front
suspension dives severely during hard braking. Swaying or rolling when at higher
speeds. Signs of oil leaking from the shock rod seal. Clunking and banging noises
coming from the strut may be signs of internal shock failure or strut mounts.
Severely warn struts can reduce the distance a vehicle takes to stop and
handling problems that can lead to skidding.
MacPherson Strut, Strut Assembly, Dampers
TOYOTA Van struts are located under the vehicle and near the tire and
wheel assembly. They connect from the body to the suspension. Struts are on almost all
front wheel drive vehicle and on the rear of many others.
Depending on the year and options your TOYOTA Van has, the
above information may not apply. Consult with a professional automotive
technician or manufacturer for specifics on your TOYOTA Van


Proton Satria P2424 Engine Error Code
When you check Proton Satria car engine light came on code P2424 the reason should be. However Proton manufacturer may have a different definition for the P2424 OBD-II Diagnostic Powertrain (P) Trouble Code. So you should chech it on our car models.
P2424 Proton Satria Code Clear
P2424 Code Reason
Proton Satria P2424 OBD-II Diagnostic Powertrain (P) Trouble Code Description
P2424 HC Adsorption Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 2 so you have to check ODB-II Engine Error Code list.
Reason For Proton Satria P2424 Code
The reason of Proton Satria P2424 OBD-II Engine Error Code is P2424 HC Adsorption Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 2.
If your P2424 Proton Satria check engine light is illuminated, it's best to take it in for diagnostic testing, which can feel like a hassle. Because while the lights vary in appearance from vehicle to vehicle, all have the same basic meaning: There's a problem with the car's emissions system. The on-board diagnostics system and engine control unit are in charge of monitoring a bunch of different P2424 Proton Satria, and if they get a reading that's a little out of whack, up pops the check engine light.
Proton Satria P2424 Possible Solution :
What does fault code P2424 mean for Proton Satria?
What does a diagnostic reading P2424 mean for Proton Satria?
How to fix OBD2 Code P2424 for Proton Satria?
What do we know about P2424 code for Proton Satria?


text:
Life Expectancy for Protective Clothing
As the NFPA Technical Committee on firefighters protective clothing worked through the year 2008 revision of NFPA 1851, Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, one of the most debated issues continued to be "What is the life expectancy of protective clothing?" Although the committee was not able to reach complete agreement on the answer to this question, there was consensus that structural ensemble elements should be retired ten years after the date of manufacture, and that proximity outer shells must be retired five years after the date of manufacture. However, the Annex does contain language explaining that this does not mean all ensemble elements will last or should remain in service for the full 5 or 10 years – just that five year old proximity outer shells and ten year old structural gear must be retired. The standard also provides additional criteria for inspection and retirement as well.
Having explained the mandatory requirements found in NFPA 1851, it is fairly well understood in the industry that the average life of a structural turnout suit is three to five years, and that proximity outer shells become worn out even sooner than that. It is important to remember, however, that average means some garments have lasted much longer and other garments not as long. Some segments of the fire service have even suggested that since the NFPA clothing standard is revised every five years, then five years should be the maximum time to leave garments in service. While this would ensure that as technology improves, garments would automatically be upgraded to meet new requirements and offer new levels of safety, it could leave the false impression that anything less than five years old is still perfectly compliant.
The reality is that the life span of any protective clothing is entirely dependent upon the type and amount of field use to which each separate garment has been exposed. Contributing factors to this include frequency of maintenance, storage conditions, exposures, and other issues that are beyond the garment manufacturer or material supplier's control. Facilities that specialize in care and cleaning will advise that they have seen clothing that is much older than five years and still in excellent shape; likewise, however, they have seen instances where the first time a garment was worn it was exposed to circumstances that totally destroyed the clothing. Since the purpose of firefighters clothing is to protect the wearer, if the gear has saved a life or prevented serious injury just once, then it has done its job.
It is also important to remember that protective clothing is a component system, not a single layer, and each component needs to be evaluated in its own right, with each layer routinely inspected for continued serviceability. For example, we have evaluated garments wherein the outer shell appears visually to be in excellent condition; however, closer inspection of the liner-moisture barrier will reveal rips or tears that would not be obvious in a cursory examination. Discoloration to any layer of the protective ensemble may be an indication that the garment is no longer able to provide the same level of protection as when it was new. Any discoloration should be carefully inspected.
The bottom line, regardless of when the clothing was produced, is that the safety officer or authority having jurisdiction must routinely perform an advanced inspection on all protective ensemble elements in order to assure that they are clean, maintained, and still safe. Just knowing the age of the gear cannot do that.


HomeinetHow the camera is going to be placed on the Folding Surface Phone
How the camera is going to be placed on the Folding Surface Phone
A new mobile device Microsoft products, which many call Surface Phone, has appeared in several patents over the past few months, making us believe that the software giant is still betting on smartphones.
Most patents indicate the addition of a collapsible agent based on two different screens which are connected to each other by a revolutionary joint that supplies a device. This device could be a smartphone, a laptop and a tablet, with Windows 10 as the operating system that adapts to all needs.Surface Phone
Our latest patents give us a fresh look at how Microsoft plans to apply the camera to the Surface Phone if a folding agent could create additional challenges in the design of the device.
The so-called "SPLIT-CAMERA AUTOALIGNMENT" patent describes an approach that has the camera elements separated into two different parts, one on each side of the screen. Every time the user switches to the phone's form factor, all the elements are fine-tuned to power the camera so they can take pictures naturally.
Next, we come across the patent "FLOATING CAMERA MODULE" which analyzes how the camera itself can be a floating component that can be moved according to the form factor and create a number of design advantages, such as lack of bending camera.
Finally, there is the patent "RETRACTABLE CAMERA CAP" which is based on more sophisticated technology according to Microsoft, without giving further details.


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It is professional practice for an employer to send an appointment letter to any rightful appointee. An appointment letter confirmation should be given in any case where a certain person or employee is appointed for a specific position. However, to eliminate errors and write more accurate appointment letters, employers should consider writing a draft or a preliminary version of it.
Sample draft appointment letters are acknowledged as a letter outline before a person is scheduled for a meeting appointment. Drafts serve a similar purpose to that of a blueprint that structure letter content before finalizing an appointment through a letter.
A draft appointment letter may not be considered as the final document yet but it is still essential for one to come up with an efficient appointment letter. Sample appointment letters reflect a good structure because of well prepared draft appointment letters.
Here are steps on how to prepare a draft appointment letter:
Drafts are good preparation tools that should not be missed in appointment letter writing. Observance of the steps above ensure that generated appointment letters are of quality.
Abrupt decisions, most especially when writing appointment letters, often lead to inaccuracy of correspondence. Using draft appointment letters allow one to commit errors since such letters are not yet finalized for sending. All appointment letter examples are products of draft appointment letters utilized throughout the entire letter preparation process.
Draft appointment letters are also flexible and dependent upon circumstances. It could still be subject to change whenever recommended. Hence, if teacher appointment letters, for example, are to be issued for specific employees and the need to change may arise, draft appointment letters are easy to change.
The many uses that could spring out from draft appointment letters could be summed up in 2 important points as reflected below:
Browse through various draft samples that this page has to offer. Identify the perfect use for each one and download what fits best for your intentions.


weight the individual stacks of sliced, salted eggplant. Very often I use a cutting board with some cans on top of it for weight.
After about an hour, I pull the weight, remove the eggplant slices to a bowl, clean up the water on the counter, rinse the eggplant slices very well and dry them. They are now ready to use in whatever recipe I am using at the time.
This process removes the greater portion of the free water and compresses the eggplant to a bit less than half the original thickness.
Up until I learned this technique, we considered eggplant as somewhere at the bottom of the desirable vegetable list. After learning and using it, my eggplant went from being chunks of mush to chunks with texture, improving the esteem in which it was held tremendously.
If you can find it in a restaurant, order eggplant parmigiana and ask your waiter if the eggplant is pressed. The difference between pressed (meaning salted and pressed) and unpressed eggplant in this dish is pronounced and very noticeable.
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