text:
Environmental contamination is a constant threat with conservatives in power (just kidding… seriously). Over the next few articles I will attempt to clarify the impact the environment has on the execution of a program. The environment is a fairly complicated subject so this article will be broken into several parts (I'm guessing about three). So without further ado…
We're all familiar with the environment on a typical Unix system. The environment is full of "stuff" like variables, command line arguments, parent process ID, etc. Many of these are things you can look at by typing things such as export in a bash or env in csh or by just reviewing the arguments you pass to a program on the command line. Briefly all this information is stored in a section of memory that is persistent across execv()s. Something you may or may not be aware of is the impact that this can have on the execution path of a program. Perhaps, through experience, use, or instinct, you know that an application can read and utilize the information from the environment. A trivial example would be DISPLAY environment variable that we have all had to tweak at one time or another. When you run xterm that variable is used to determine which display device should be used. However, the environment is not only capable of changing the execution path in some trivial, often benign fashion, but is also quite capable of changing the entire application. If we view a running applications as a state machine, a candy vending machine for example, then we typically imagine the most someone can accomplish by tampering with the environment is perhaps getting a free candybar by kicking it hard enough. However, the environment offers so much more to a opportunistic and astute nare-do-well. By carefully contaminating the environment it is quite possible to turn that candy vending machine into an ATM, a complete change of the entire state machine.
How can the environment have such a drastic impact?
The typical Linux distribution heavily leverages executable formats such as ELF and a.out which take advantage of something called dynamic or shared libraries. Without delving into the details this means that a single application is usually made up of many components linked together when the application needs them. These components, code segments, reside in various places on the filesystem in files called "dynamic libraries". Like all application code, after the code segments pulled from these libraries they can be impacted by the environment. However, the environments impact on libraries after they're loaded is not the biggest threat; the biggest threat comes from the thing that stitches all of these code segments together into a usable application, the dynamic loader. The dynamic loader (ld-linux.so.* for the ELF format and ld.so for the a.out format) needs to know where the different required code segments are located. It doesn't just randomly search the filesystem for the right part, there are some common places that it looks, like /usr/lib and /lib, and it is possible for the application itself to give the dynamic loader hints (when the application is compiled to take advantage of DT_RUNPATH or DT_RPATH). In addition to the common places it is also possible to have "shared" libraries reside in an atypical location. When this is the case you must give the linker a hint, well you have to give it more than a hint, you have to explicitly tell it the directory to look in to find the library. And, you guessed it, this is done through environment variables such as LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LD_PRELOAD, and LD_ORIGIN_PATH. These environment variables allow you to alter the behavior of the dynamic linker. Do you see where this is headed?
So a ne're-do-well comes along, drops some of his own libraries, say libevil.so in his/her home directory. They then go ahead and alter the environment so that their home directory is searched for libraries containing the appropriate code segments before the system libraries. As a result they are but a hop, skip, and a jump from dumping your password file.
So why don't we see everyone doing this and leveraging suid apps like password to become root? The secret is in glibc: __libc_enable_secure.Spencer Shimko 06 April 2006


13.3 Viewing a List of Software RAID Devices on a Server
Use the Software RAIDs task in the iManager Storage plug-in to create and manage your software RAID devices.
 1. In iManager, click Storage > Software RAIDs.
 2. Select a server in the Novell eDirectory tree where you are logged in.
 A list of software RAID devices appears in the Software RAIDs list. Depending on the number of devices, this can take a few seconds. Avoid clicking again in the page until it refreshes and displays the Software RAIDs list.
 3. Select a RAID device from the Software RAIDs list to view its details.
 For an overview of the subtasks available from this page, see Software RAIDs.


text:
Information about SET-BC Services for
Families of Children with Disabilities
Families of Children with Disabilities
What is assistive technology (AT)?
Assistive technologies are tools (devices, software or hardware) that can help students with special needs to achieve their educational goals. These tools may be as simple as a wireless mouse or as complex as a refreshable Braille display.
How do BC schools provide AT for students with special needs?
BC school districts provide a wide range of educational programs and supports for students with special needs. Most students who require AT as part of their individual educational plans receive this support within their own districts. Districts may request additional AT services for some students through Special Education Technology – British Columbia (SET-BC).
What is SET-BC?
SET-BC is a Ministry of Education program that works in partnership with all BC school districts, including Group 1 and 2 independent schools. SET-BC lends assistive technologies to districts for students' use and provides consultation, training, resources, and support for the educational use of these technologies.
Which students are eligible to receive services from SET-BC?
SET-BC helps districts to provide AT services for students whose access to the curriculum is restricted primarily due to the following disabilities:
- physical disabilities
- autism spectrum disorders
- moderate to profound intellectual disabilities
- dependent handicaps
- visual impairments
Each year, SETBC provides new technology solutions for approximately 800 students across the province. While services are equitably distributed to districts, their requests for SET-BC support are limited by available funding. Districts have screening processes to determine which students will be put forward to SET-BC, and which students will be supported within-district.
Who do I ask about SET-BC services for my child?
You can contact your child's school team to discuss his or her educational program and need for assistive technology. You can also contact the SET-BC District Partner for your district, who coordinates SET-BC services and helps identify students who require AT services.
What happens when my child is selected for SET-BC service?
SET-BC asks school teams to complete Request for Service forms for students who are selected for service. The teams, including students and parents, meet with SET-BC consultants to develop Collaborative Action Plans, which identify strategies and technologies that best meet students' educational goals. Following these meetings, SET-BC consultants arrange for the provision of technology, as well as any training or classroom resources that are needed.
What if my child has a technology assessment by a health / community agency?
These assessments or reports on students' strengths and needs can be helpful when identifying technology solutions. They should be discussed during the Collaborative Action Plan meeting to ensure that the recommendations support students' educational goals.
What types of technology does SET-BC provide?
SET-BC provides desktop and laptop computers, with specialized software for reading, writing and communication. SET-BC also provides speech generating devices, Braille and low-vision devices and alternate access peripherals. School districts supply appropriate educational, productivity and virus protection software, and also arrange access to printers, school networks and the Internet as required.
How will my child learn to use technology?
School teams can take part in a wide range of SET-BC workshops and presentations. Team members learn technology skills and strategies and acquire resources that will help them support student use of technology in the classroom. Students learn to use their AT as part of their ongoing educational program, with instruction and support from school team members.
SET-BC also provides online access to training and resources at _URL_. Our website contains useful audio presentations, software demonstrations, student videos, and tutorials, as well as collections of adapted curriculum resources.
Can SET-BC technology be used at home?
SET-BC loans technology to BC school districts for individual students, therefore district policies on appropriate technology use apply to SET-BC loans. District and school administrators make decisions about the use of technology at home or in the community. If students take their technology home, parents are asked to sign loan forms acknowledging responsibility for the equipment.
Who provides technical support for SET-BC technologies?
School teams, students and families who need technical support or repair for equipment on loan from SET-BC can contact the SET-BC Support Desk. Phone _PHONE_ or _PHONE_ in the Vancouver area, or send email to _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


4 Faculty Meeting Agenda Templates
A faculty meeting agenda template is the key to creating a well-planned and helpful agenda for any faculty meeting. Some consider an agenda a road map, a blueprint, or even an unseen guide on the path to harmonious and productive meeting. More than just a list of items on a page, an agenda minimizes wasted time, keeps the purpose of a meeting in sight, and can even prod groups into action.
Planning agendas
Any meeting chair would be unwise to plan an agenda in isolation. When key members of a meeting agree on a meeting agenda in advance, they will each work towards the goals stated on that agenda. Reaching alignment with key faculty members in advance also allows the meeting chair a chance to identify potential roadblocks or issues, and then plan to address them. This process can be as formal as asking several members of the committee to form a subcommittee to create the agenda, or it can be as casual as an email soliciting topics or items for discussion. Regardless, encouraging input from other faculty members is sure to lead to more productive meetings.
Faculty meeting agenda template #1
Date and time of meeting
Location of meeting
1. Call to order
2. Corrections or approval of previous meeting minutes
3. Unfinished Business
4. New Business
5. Committee Reports
6. Chair Reports
7. Adjournment
This meeting agenda offers a simple structure, beginning with the location, date and time of the meeting. This is followed by the call to order, which begins the meeting. The second item on the list allows meeting attendees to correct any minutes from the previous meeting. Items three and four are for old and new business, then the agenda moves on to committee reports, chair reports and finally, adjournment. Note that this meeting agenda lacks specific discussion items, time guidelines for each item, and any approval of the agenda or time to add items to the next agenda. This meeting agenda also lacks action verbiage, which can help move a meeting along.
Faculty meeting agenda template #2
Item Desired Outcome Priority Time Responsible Party How
Project Updates Share info high 50 min Jack Discussion
Department Meeting Prep Agree on agenda items high 20 minutes Juanita Feedback on proposal
This meeting agenda takes a different tack, dispensing with many of the formalities of a traditional agenda and assigning priorities for items, pointing to desired outcomes, naming parties responsible for each item, and even naming a method for accomplishing the stated goal. Specific action items can only help achieve meeting goals, but a meeting chair should remain flexible when using such a detailed agenda.
Faculty meeting agenda template #3
Department, Unit, Committee Name
Aims: [Identify the overall aims for the meeting.]
Read Ahead of Time:
Bring to Meeting:
Time Topic Discussion Leader
8:30 AM Determine new parking policy John Johnson
This agenda template combines some of the first and some of the second agenda templates. It includes the traditional elements like date, location and attendees. It also includes a section to review in advance, a place to ask attendees to bring items to the meeting, and a list of discussion items with responsible parties for each item. The key to using this agenda is the inclusion of action words, framing the expectations of attendees. This can be a very effective agenda template when planned correctly.
Faculty meeting agenda template #4
Purpose: Placeholder for specific items
Required Attendees:
Optional Attendees:
Required Materials:
Advance Preparation:
Agenda Items:
Base teams meeting (5 minutes)
Staff-building activity
Small-group discussion of the following questions: (20 minutes)
Large-group sharing of small-group responses: (15 minutes)
Base teams meeting (5 minutes)
Review of next steps and responsibilities
Team Celebration
This last agenda is quite different, relying on base teams, small-group discussion, and large-group sharing of small-group responses to reach consensus and address faculty meeting items. A format like this, while very different from the norm, can encourage participation from even the most reticent of members, ensuring everyone's voice is heard.
Each of these agenda templates is unique, but they all share one goal. The agenda template should serve as a framework for your meeting agenda. That meeting agenda should guide the meeting, moving faculty members to accomplish the tasks set forth. Whether it's considered a guide, a map, or a tool, the agenda ensures every faculty meeting marches towards progress.
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This online toolkit is for courageous, reflective leaders who will guide K-12 and higher education communities. Here you will find advice on how to create learning environments that help teachers, staff and students reach their goals. You will also find articles and resources on the theories and practices that help thoughtful and committed leaders guide learning communities.
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text:
Online Dictionary: translate word or phrase from Indonesian to English or vice versa, and also from english to english on-line.
Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: Heteroplasm(0.01282 detik)
Found 1 items, similar to Heteroplasm.
English → English (gcide)
Heteroplasm \Het"er*o*plasm\, n. [Hetero- + Gr.? anything
formed or molded.]
An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of
elements different from those are found in it in its normal

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Make stained glass window type mosaic cover for jam jar and put tea light in for a lantern (scouting mag Nov 2003)
Jam jar (empty and clean)
Coloured tissue paper
Glitter glue (optional)
Strong florists wire
1. To work out how much black paper you are going to need, lay the jar on its side at the edge of the paper, hold the edge of the paper against the jar and roll the jar and the paper together until the jar has been wrapped completely. Mark the points on the paper with a pencil and cut to size.
2. Mark your design on the paper. This will be the rough side. To achieve a mosaic effect, first draw a simple picture on the paper. Divide that picture into smaller sections that you will want to have all one colour. Then draw little squares within that segment and cut them out, leaving borders in between, to look like mosaic squares.
3. To colour your mosaic, tear small pieces of coloured tissue and stick them to the paper to fill in the squares you have cut out. Remember to put glue on the black paper, not the tissue.
4. When you have finished filling in the coloured squares, turn your paper round to see what the front looks like. Make any alterations or corrections at this stage, and decorate with glitter glue if you like.
5. Take the wire and make a loop big enough to go round the neck of the jar. Fit it round the neck loosely and cut the ends of the wire. Before you tighten the ends off, make a long handle with a length of wire and fix to the loop on either side. Twist and cut off any loose ends. Now tighten the loop round the jar neck and trim safely.
6. Wrap the lantern mosaic round the jar and glue in place.
7. Put the tea-light in the bottom of the jar and fix firmly in place with adhesive tack so that it doesn't move about when you light it.


text:
Best practices in green freight for an environmentally sustainable road freight sector in Asia
The efficient movement of goods and services is important in achieving sustainable development. All main modes of freight – road, water, air, and rail – have impacts on the economy, environment, and society that need to be managed. Freight trucks account for 24% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport vehicle use and also have a major impact on fuel use and fuel security, air pollution, traffic accidents, and HIV/AIDS. This paper focuses on the road freight sector as it is the dominant mode of freight in Asia. It is a sequel to the paper "Challenges and Opportunities for an Environmentally Sustainable Road Freight Sector in Asia" that was prepared for the 5th Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum in 2010.


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Link ID'd for introduction of fish, childhood wheeze
The introduction of fish between the ages of 6 and 12 months, but not consumption afterward, correlates with a reduction in the risk of wheezing in children at age 48 months, according to a study published online Nov. 12 in Pediatrics.
(HealthDay)—The introduction of fish between the ages of 6 and 12 months, but not consumption afterward, correlates with a reduction in the risk of wheezing in children at age 48 months, according to a study published online Nov. 12 in Pediatrics.
Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong, R.D., Ph.D., from Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and colleagues assessed the association of asthma-like symptoms in preschool age children (36 and 48 months) with the timing of introduction of fish to infants (assessed at 12 and 14 months of age). Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were used to assess fish consumption.
The researchers found that introduction of fish between age 6 and 12 months correlated significantly with a reduced risk of wheezing at 48 months (odds ratio [OR], 0.64), compared with no introduction during the first year. No introduction in the first year and introduction between 0 and 6 months correlated with significantly increased risk of wheezing at 48 months (OR, 1.57 and 1.53, respectively), compared with introduction between 6 and 12 months of age. There was no correlation between the amount of fish consumed at age 14 months and asthma-like symptoms.
"Introduction of fish between 6 and 12 months but not fish consumption afterward is associated with a lower prevalence of wheezing," the authors write. "A window of exposure between the age of 6 and 12 months might exist in which fish might be associated with a reduced risk of asthma."
One author disclosed financial ties to Pfizer Nutrition.
More information: Abstract
Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)
Journal reference: Pediatrics
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
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"Black in Latin America" (NYU Press), by Henry Louis Gates Jr.: This spring, Henry Louis Gates Jr. produced a four-episode series for PBS tracing the legacy of the slave trade in six Caribbean and Latin American countries. "Black in Latin America" is the book companion to the television series of the same title.
The reason for Gates' journey is a startling fact: Of the roughly 11 million Africans who survived the trans-Atlantic slave trade, just 450,000 made it to the United States. The rest were dispersed throughout the region and Gates, renowned for his African-American studies, wanted to know how their descendants live now.
More than an outline of the research featured in the series, Gates' book is a thoughtful travelogue through Mexico, Peru, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Brazil.
It explores black history in these six countries, which Gates visited in 2010, but it doesn't linger in the past. Through music, cuisine, art, dance, politics, religion and language, Gates finds living links to Africa. He also finds the other legacy of the slave trade, a sometimes subtle but persistent racism despite pledges of multiculturalism.
Gates' academic questions about race stem from conversations in cafes, hotels, museums, street parties, nightclubs, taxi cabs — the casual places where anyone goes on vacation. "Black in Latin America" would be an interesting companion to any guidebook for the Caribbean and Latin America, as it reveals not just a hidden history but also an evolving sense of identity.


Healthcare and Medical Fraud: Searching for Solutions
Healthcare and Medical Fraud: Searching for Solutions
Medicare fraud
There are many different forms of Medicare fraud, all of which have the same target — to illegally obtain funds from the Medicare program.
According to researchers, the total Medicare fund reached $500 billion dollars ten years ago, which is projected be doubled in 2020.
Types of Medicare Fraud
 - Billing for services not provided. This can involve forging the signature of those enrolled in Medicare or the use of bribes to corrupt medical professionals.
 - Upcoding of services and items. Billing Medicare programs for services that are more expensive than the actual service provided. The same type of fraud can occur with medical equipment. A scammer substitutes an item on the bill for a cheaper alternative.
 - Duplicate claim. Scammer may change some aspects of the bill like the date or procedure names in an attempt to be paid again for the same case.
 - Unbundling. Another method of committing fraud is to split a single service into multiple procedures in the hopes of manipulating the medical compensation system into paying more.
 - Excessive or unnecessary services. This type of fraud happens when an excessive amount of services or equipment are billed compared to what is necessary for the patient. For example, fraudsters may file for special care that isn't required, such as full-body tomography billed for a patient with an injured knee.
 - Kickbacks. Rewards such as cash, jewelry, free vacations, corporate-sponsored retreats, or other gifts may be used to entice medical professionals into using a particular brand, service, or item. This type of fraud can also impact pharmacists who are given incentives in exchange for dispensing certain brands of medications.
Largest medical fraud case
One of most recent and shocking cases of medical fraud happened to be the largest Medicare fraud case in modern U.S. history.
In 2019, the owner of more than 20 assisted living facilities and skilled nursing homes was discovered to be the leader of a team of fraudsters that had been operating for ten years without detection.
Their scheme was simple. Kickbacks where paid to physicians and hospitals to refer patients to the facilities owned and controlled by the owner, who would in turn bill Medicare for fabricated procedures.
Another technique the group used was to move patients in and out of facilities when the patients reached the maximum number of days allowed by legislation.
The facilities falsified documents stating that the patient underwent treatment.
In 2019, the owner was convicted of numerous charges with sentences that added up to 250 years in prison.
Solutions to stop medical fraud
Countries around the world employ a variety of strategies to detect and prevent medical fraud.
Damages from fraud can be recovered by law and rewards are often offered to individuals for being "whistleblowers."
In 2010, whistleblowers were paid a total of more than $300 million for their active part in bringing cases of medical fraud to light.
Strategies for detecting fraud should be strengthened by technology to ensuring that preventive measures are able to adapt to emerging threats.
Utilizing analytical software with artificial intelligence and inbuilt algorithms can empower organizations to protect themselves against intentional and unintentional fraud by quickly identifying instances of suspicious activity.
Helping businesses protect their budgets and build their reputations as upstanding, corruption-free companies is a top priority for Evinent Analytics, a leading provider of intelligent anti-fraud solutions.
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text:
Ontario Releases New Climate Change Action Plan
Plan Charts Course to an Innovative, Low-Carbon Economy
Ontario is continuing to lead in the growth of the low-carbon economy with the release of the province's Climate Change Action Plan, which will provide people and businesses with tools and incentives to accelerate the use of clean technology that exists today. Through this plan, the province will continue to reduce greenhouse gas pollution to fight climate change.
Building on Ontario's landmark climate change legislation, the plan will ensure that proceeds from the province's recently finalized cap and trade program are invested in a transparent and accountable way back into green projects that will help households and businesses reduce greenhouse gas pollution and save on their energy costs.
The plan outlines the key actions the government will take to combat climate change, create good jobs in clean tech and construction, increase consumer choice and generate opportunities for investment in Ontario, including:
- Establishing a green bank that would help homeowners and businesses access and finance energy-efficient technologies to reduce greenhouse gas pollution from buildings.
- Creating a cleaner transportation system by addressing greenhouse gas pollution from cars on the road today, increasing the availability of zero-emission vehicles on the road tomorrow, deploying cleaner trucks and making transit more available.
- Halting the ongoing rise in building-related emissions by giving Ontarians more choices, incentives and tools to make the right energy choice for their homes and businesses, by providing better information about energy use by buildings and homes, and making new buildings increasingly energy efficient over time.
- Making Ontario one of the easiest and most affordable jurisdictions in North America for homeowners and businesses to install or retrofit clean-energy systems like solar, battery storage, advanced insulation and heat pumps, while helping to protect and support low-income households, vulnerable communities and many renters from the cost impacts of carbon pricing.
- Supporting a carbon market that drives the lowest-cost greenhouse gas emission reductions. Actions in this plan, supported by cap and trade proceeds, will help business and industry make investments that reduce greenhouse gas pollution. This will help save energy costs, improve productivity and global competitiveness, and protect and create jobs.
- Working in partnership with First Nations and Métis communities to address climate change, with actions guided by Traditional Ecological Knowledge, and helping to build capacity in these communities to participate in the economic opportunities that may arise from these actions.
- Building on progress, leading by example and acting on opportunities to make government operations carbon neutral. Ontario will achieve this by reducing greenhouse gas pollution across our facilities, operations and procurement.
- Ensuring that natural, agricultural and forested lands are used in ways that are efficient, sustainable and enhance the removal and storage of carbon from the atmosphere while working with Ontario's waste sector to leverage different practices and technologies to capture greenhouse gas pollution that would otherwise be released into the air.
The Climate Change Action Plan and cap and trade program form the backbone of Ontario's strategy to cut greenhouse gas pollution to 15 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, 37 per cent by 2030 and 80 per cent by 2050. The government will report on the plan's implementation annually and renew the plan every five years.
The Climate Change Action Plan builds on Ontario's leadership in the fight against climate change, including setting a 2030 mid-term target for greenhouse gas pollution reduction, hosting the successful Climate Summit of the Americas in July 2015, ending coal-fired electricity generation, and electrifying and improving Ontario's commuter rail network.
Fighting climate change while supporting growth, efficiency and productivity is part of the government's economic plan to build Ontario up and deliver on its number-one priority to grow the economy and create jobs. The four-part plan includes investing in talent and skills, including helping more people get and create the jobs of the future by expanding access to high-quality college and university education. The plan is making the largest investment in public infrastructure in Ontario's history and investing in a low-carbon economy driven by innovative, high-growth, export-oriented businesses. The plan is also helping working Ontarians achieve a more secure retirement.
- Ontario expects to generate up to $1.8 billion to $1.9 billion per year in proceeds from its cap and trade program, which will be deposited into a new Greenhouse Gas Reduction Account.
- Every dollar in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Account will be responsibly and transparently invested into actions that directly reduce greenhouse gas pollution, create jobs, and help people and businesses shift to a low-carbon economy.
- Ontario intends to link its cap and trade program with Québec and California's under the Western Climate Initiative.
- Ontario's environmental and clean technology sector is made up of 3,000 firms, employs 65,000 people, and is worth an estimated $8 billion in annual revenues and $1 billion in export earnings.
- Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan
- Climate Change Action Plan and Renewable Natural Gas
- Support for Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan
- Reducing Greenhouse Gas Pollution Through Cap and Trade
- Making the Switch: Electric Vehicle Advantages
- Actions to Assist Low-Income Households and Vulnerable Communities
"Ontario is a world leader in the fight against climate change. We are committed to creating a low-carbon economy that will drive innovation, create more opportunities for business and industry, and generate high-value jobs. Our government's Climate Change Action Plan is laying the foundation for cleaner air, a healthier environment, a stronger economy and a better future for our children and grandchildren."
"Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan will create good jobs, help people and businesses reduce their carbon footprint, save money and accelerate a shift to a more sustainable society. Through the plan, Ontarians and the government are doing their part in the global effort to fight climate change."


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Its frequently said that PowerShell is so big that no one can know everything about it. I proved that today when I "discovered" a change in PowerShell of which I wasn't aware.
If you create an array:
£> $a = 1,2,3
You can then get the number of members of that array i.e. its length
In PowerShell 1.0 and 2.0 if you tried that on a variable that only held a single value you would get an error when you tried to access the first value:
£> $b = 1
The count property returns nothing
Unable to index into an object of type System.Int32.
At line:1 char:4
+ $b[ <<<< 0]
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (0:Int32), RuntimeException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : CannotIndex
This changed in PowerShell 3.0 and later
£> $b = 1
You can even try other indices
And just get nothing back rather than an error.
This is really useful as you can now safely test on the Count property and if the value is greater than 1 to determine if its a collection. Alternatively always treat it as a collection and iterate over the number of elements. I can see this simplifying things for me in quite a few situations


Children with hearing impairments (HI) often face many educational, communicational and societal challenges. Arabic Natural Language Processing can be used to develop several key technologies that may alleviate cognitive and language learning difficulties children with HI face in the Arab world. In this study, we propose a system design that provides the following component functionalities: (1) Multimedia translation elements that can be dynamically generated based on Arabic text, (2)3D Avatar based text-to-video translation (from Arabic text to Qatari Sign Language),involving manual and non manual signals, (3)Emergency phone based system that translates Arabic text to Qatari Sign Language Video and vice versa, and (4) Multi component system designed to be mobilized and used on various platforms. This system involves the use of Arabic Natural Language Processing, Arabic word and video Ontologies, and customized engine querying. The objective of the presented system framework is to provide translational and cognitive assistive technology to individuals with HI and empower their autonomous capacities.
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text:
Advisers: David Rakison and Wayne Wu
Majors: Cognitive Science; Philosophy
From World to Word and Back: An Empirical and Philosophical Investigation on Syntactical Bootstrapping
Causality cognition is embedded in every facet of our mental life. A conceptual understanding of causality certainly involves the ability to understand causal language, but how this capacity emerges remains a fascinating mystery. Previous studies have shown that toddlers as young as 15-months-old would look longer at the scene that involves causal event when listening to the sentence that contains a novel transitive verb. They hypothesized that young toddlers can depend on a process known as syntactical bootstrapping, the use of the syntactical structure of the sentence to map transitive verb to the causal event. However, it remains unknown whether this process can be generalized to other components of the scene. For any causal action event, it always involves a causal agent and a recipient. In this project, Anjie Cao hopes to explore whether toddlers can apply the same learning mechanism to map the novel subject noun to causal agent involved in the scene.
Originally from Bejing, China, Cao started working with infants in the summer of her freshman year. In her studies, Cao sometimes found it amazing to think about how even the greatest philosophers in the world had to undergo infancy and toddlerhood (Can you imagine Kant in his crib?). In her spare time, Cao loves to write popular science articles in Chinese and explore all sorts of restaurants in Pittsburgh. She even made a website for international restaurants in Pittsburgh!


_view() method lets you suggest other View files to load if the defualt View file you passed in the first argument doesn't exist. To suggest other View files for Template to use, pass them discretely, starting with the 5th argument:
$data['posts'] = $this->blog->get_recent(5);
$this->template->write_view('content', 'blog/front', $data, FALSE, 'blog/posts');
If this was a blog application, using this method lets us create a View file at views/blog/front.php to format blog posts distinctly when they appear on the front page, or opt-out and let our standard views/blog/posts.php handle the output. We could suggest more fallbacks if needed in the 6th, 7th, 8th arguments, and so on.
What happens if I write to a region that I hadn't previously defined?
Template will show an error if you attempt to write to a region that was not previously defined in the config file or otherwise. See how to manipulate templates and template regions in the following section, "Dynamically Manipulating Template."
"My template uses other variables that aren't necessarily regions. How do I supply those within Template?"
You most likely will use variables in your main template that aren't content regions. For example, you might have a $body_id variable that you apply to the element that you use in your CSS to apply styles to specific pages. This certainly could be a region, but it wouldn't quite fit the metaphor.
To supply these variables to your master template, use CodeIgniter's $this->load->vars() mechanism.
Note: Unfortunately, I do not believe the $this->load->vars() function works for most or any parsers. Creating regions for these variables or using the Config class might be the only viable solutions.
IV. Dynamically Manipulating Template
The whole idea of Template is to improve the interface between your application's business logic and presentational markup by providing a very flexible wrapper to CI's Views implementation. Consider an application that required two or more markedly different templates for different pages or sections (like a blog with a main HTML template and RSS feed template). Or, consider if a plugin architecture was to allow for making components available to all your pages (like a User plugin that provides a login form). Rather than limiting it to using the regions defined in your configuration, a plugin should be able to dynamically provide its own regions for writing. These methods allow for these and other development scenarios.
The set_template() method is how you switch between different template groups defined in your config/template.php file. Template will throw an error if you attempt to set a template group not previously defined or dynamically added.
// Template will now use the master template and regions from the $template['rss'] group
Tip: Use this method in Controller constructors where the entire Controller uses a separate template.
$this->template->add_template($group, $template, $switch)
Not all templates must be defined in config/template.php. The add_template() method allows templates to be dynamically added, and you can pass TRUE as a third parameter to switch to the added template.
$rss['template'] = 'rss.php';
$rss['regions'] = array('name', 'items');
$this->template->add_template('rss', $rss, TRUE);
// Template will now use the master template and regions from the supplied $rss template group configuration
In some cases you might only want to change the master template file of the current template configuration. This is useful for when multiple templates must share common regions and parser settings.
To swap the master template, call set_master_template() with the desired path and filename of the new master template:
$theme = 'lovely_butterflies';
$this->template->set_master_template('themes/'. $theme.'/template.php');
Template will now render the template file located at application/views/themes/lovely_butterfiles/template.php
The ".php" extension is not necessarily required. Template will use the EXT constant if one is not supplied.
$this->template->add_region($name, $settings = array())
The add_region() method allows one to dynamically add regions for writing. At a minimum, a $name must be supplied to identify the region. Optionally, a $settings array can be passed in to provide default content, wrappers and attributes.
$this->template->write_view('user_login', 'user/login_block');
Template will throw an error if the region defined by $name already exists.
V. Using Template Parsers
In addition to interfacing with Views, Template provides a standard way to use template parsers when writing data to regions or rendering your master template. Although Template uses CodeIgniter's Template Parser class by default, one can provide any parser or engine (like Smarty) for Template to use.
$this->template->parse_view($region, $view_file, $view_data, $overwrite = FALSE)
To use CodeIgniter's Template Parser class, or an alternative parser like Smarty, to parse a View, use the parse_view() method. parse_view() works identically to write_view(), so you can also discretely suggest other Views to parse, starting with the 5th argument.
$data = array(
 'blog_title' => 'My Blog Title',
 'blog_heading' => 'My Blog Heading'
$this->template->parse_view('content', 'blog_template', $data);
Introducing Additional Parsers
Method 1: Set parser instructions in config/template.php
You can add instructions to your template group configurations, telling template what parser class and method to use. Template will attempt to use the parse() method of the given ['parser'] unless a ['parser_method'] is supplied:
// Template will call smarty_parser::parse()
// Template will call frog_parser::frog()
Method 2: Set parser instructions dynamically
Alternatively, you can dynamically instruct Template to use a parser class and method with the set_parser() method:
// Template will call smarty_parser::parse()
$this->template->set_parser('frog_parser', 'frog');
// Template will call frog_parser::frog()
Anatomy of a Parser Class
A parser class is simply a CodeIgniter Library that provides a method which parses a given template file with the supplied data and returns its output. Let's write our own very simple parser class to see how it works:
We'll save this file as a library at application/libraries/Lame_parser.php. As you can see, a parser class' parser method will be passed $template, the template file to be parsed, and $data, an array of key/value pairs used in parsing the given template's pseudo code. Also note that a parser method should ALWAYS return the result of the parsed template and not echo it. Template will always supply a 3rd argument as TRUE to instruct some parser methods to do this by default.
Now, let's configure a template to use our lame parser:
$tpl = array(
 'template' => 'lame_template.php'
$this->template->add_template('lame', $tpl, TRUE);
$this->template->parse_view('content', 'templates/lamer', array('stuff' => 'things'));
echo $this->template->render('content'); // Just render the 'content' region
Running the above results in This parser is lame. Obviously a parser is actually going do more, but this shows the process: The returned value of Lame_parser::parse() is written to our 'content' region.
Using the Smarty Template Engine as a Parser
Most people who don't use CI's Template Parser class are going to want to use the popular Smarty Template Engine. Luckily, the CI community has already ported a Smarty_parser library that fits right in to Template's parser interface. Follow this quick guide to begin using Smarty with Template:
 1. Follow the directions for installing the Smarty_parser library found here: Yet Another Smarty Thread
 2. Configure your template group to use the Smarty_parser library: $template['default']['template'] = 'template.tpl';
 $template['default']['regions'] = array('header', 'content', 'footer');
That's ALL! Template will now use the Smarty_parser library when the parse_view() method is employed, and your master template will be parsed by Smarty as well.
NOTE: There is no guarantee that the third-party Smarty_parser library will work 100% as advertised. Please raise issues in the appropriate CodeIgniter forum threads.
Parsing the Master Template
By default, Template will render your master template as if it were a View, but you can use a parser class to render it instead. There are 3 ways you can instruct Template to parse the master template:
 1. In config/template.php, set ['parse_template'] to TRUE for the necessary template group configuration: $template['default']['parse_template'] = TRUE;
 2. Dynamically set the parse_template property of the Template class to TRUE, then render the template: $this->template->parse_template = TRUE;
 3. Supply a third parameter as TRUE when calling render(). Remember to pass the first two arguments properly: $this->template->render(NULL, FALSE, TRUE);
VI. Additional Utilities
CSS defines the style of your HTML template and JavaScript defines its behavior, so I've included two methods to easily include these important assets on-demand.
$this->template->add_js($script, $type = 'import', $defer = FALSE)
 1. $script: Depending on the value of the $type argument, either a path to the JavaScript file (including file extension) relative to $config['base_path'] or inline JavaScript code.
 2. $type: Either 'import' or 'embed' Use 'import' to include an external JavaScript file or 'embed


text:
Objective: Emergent endotracheal intubations carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality in critically ill adults. Although children may be at higher risk during this procedure as a result of age-related differences in anatomy and physiology, this has not been previously examined. The purpose of this study was to delineate the risks of emergent endotracheal intubations in children.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: A 122-bed free-standing children's hospital.
Patients: We conducted a retrospective review of all intubations occurring outside of the operating room setting between October 2005 and October 2007. Elective intubations were excluded. Intubations were classified as emergent after review of the child's vital signs, blood gas values, and written documentation by nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians. Intubations occurring on weekends or between 5 pm and 8 am on weekdays were categorized as "off-hours."
Measurements and Main Results: During the study period, 137 intubations were performed, 77 of which (56%) were emergent. Emergent endotracheal intubations were significantly more likely to occur off-hours (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.1) and to be associated with a complication (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.1). Complications occurred in 41% of all intubations. The most common complications were desaturations (29% of all intubations), hypotension (16%), and bradycardia (7%). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, emergent intubation, off-hours intubation, three or more attempts at intubation, smaller endotracheal tube size, and admission for cardiovascular disease all increased the likelihood of experiencing a complication during intubation. Complications were not associated with an indication for intubation or baseline chronic disease of the child and were not associated with prolonged intensive care unit course or duration of mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions: Emergent endotracheal intubations are commonly performed in children, are two times more likely to occur off-hours, and are associated with three times the risk of complications as nonemergent intubations.


Book in Review: The Broken Cord
Title : The Broken Cord
Author: Michael Dorris
Number of Pages: 300
Chapters: 15
This book was written in August 1989 and it was so well-written it kept me on my toes the entire time!
This book was about a man who decided in his mid-twenties to go forward with wanting to adopt his first child. Yes, a man who was not married, who did not have a huge circle of people to help him raise his child, but he knew he was ready for a child at that time in his life.
The author Michael Dorries (the Dad) decided to write a book based on all of the trials and tribulations he went through after adopting his first son Adam, who had fetal alcohol syndrome. At the time of the adoption, Adam was three. To many people and doctors, adam just seemed small for his size, and the doctors could not give Michael an answer on what was causing Adam to have all of his seizures and why his learning was so delayed.
Michael took many years of research, patience, and wanting to learn everything on how he could best raise Adam and how to raise awareness to mothers who thought drinking excessively during pregnancy was an okay thing to do. He spent years of his life asking people "why". For example "Why should it not be illegal for women to consume alcohol during pregnancy knowing that it will result in damaged children?", "Why can we not regulate laws nationwide to control alcohol consumption, especially in pregnant women?". He asked the top of the people in the nation who were researching the topic on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE) how he could best raise his son. It took years for Adam to be fully potty trained, to learn how to tie his own shoe, and Michael had over time adopted two more children before marrying his wife Louise and having more children with her.
Adam is such a kind, and gentle-hearted person who never wanted to truly hurt anyone. In the end of the book, Michael let Adam write his version of growing up and learning how to deal with life and cope with his disability. It was amazing to see what he had to say after reading about him throughout the entire book.
I would definitely recommend this book to anyone. This book is good for the younger generation who doesn't truly know what and how excessive drinking could do to your fetus, and also for the older generation who is seeing so many of these kids in special facility centers and needing the day to day care just to survive. It is amazing and has changed my life in so many ways, and is great for any nurse to read to see how much has changed since the 80's and how much we know now.
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text:
I went online and looked for one and the ones that I found were really spendy so I figured that I would just make my own.
What you need:
marble adhesive paper (Obviously it doesn't have to be marble, it can be any pattern you want!)
A realy sharp knife
An eyewear cleaning cloth
How you make it:
Step1: Cut a piece of marble adhesive paper that is about 2cm wider than your computer on each side.
Step2: Take of half of the the paper that is on the back and slowly start attaching the sticky side of the paper on top of your computer.
Don't just do it all at once, start on one side and work your way to the other side by swiping your finger back and forth on top of the paper with your eyewear cleaning cloth and in that way attaching the it to your computer. This way you avoid any air bubbles. Do the same thing on the sides of your computer, it doesn't matter if it goes over the screen-part, you'll cut the excess away later.
Step3: On the corners you can blow on the paper with a hair dryer while at the same time pulling it downwards. The paper will expand and in that way cover your rounded corners without any bubble or wrinkles. Turn your computer up-side-down and do it again but pulling it upwards.
Step4: Leave your computer up-side-down and put your knife parallel with the table so that you get a straight line and start cutting of the excess paper.
Step5: If you want to cut out the apple logo that is up to you, just turn on the screen so that you can see the apple thru the paper and start running your knife along the edges of the logo.
And now you have a pretty computer to use!
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Online education
This section gathers recordings of webinars and scientific events organised by the International Sweeteners Association, including recordings of the presentations made at the 3rd ISA Conference themed "The science behind low calorie sweeteners: where evidence meets policy".
Highlights from the ISA Conference 2018
Low calorie sweeteners in the current public health discussion
Regulation and approval of low calorie sweeteners by international authorities
Evaluating Research by understanding the metabolic fate of different low calorie sweeteners
How does consumer perception about low calorie sweeteners affect food behaviour and energy intake?
Do low calorie sweeteners affect glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity?
Low calorie sweeteners and gut microbiota: Why is there a debate?
Low calorie sweeteners' role in the dietary recommendations for people with diabetes
Sweet taste, appetite and obesity: Is there a link?


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Tech in the Classroom:
Six-Word Memoir - Interactive Workbooks
What is it This teacher-developed interactive workbook series for students prompts them to express themselves and discover their world in only six words.
How does it work? Building upon the six-word concept spawned from Earnest Hemingway's famous "novel" about baby shoes, the publishers developed interactive workbooks that educators can use to help improve student writing skills, encourage creativity and inspire storytelling.
6 word memoir
How hard is it to use? Not very. These work just like traditional workbooks, so there's virtually no learning curve.
How well does it work? Extremely well. The workbooks are aligned with the Common Core Standards and guide students through the writing process as they create their own memoirs.
How do I use it in the classroom? These workbooks are the perfect tool for engaging reluctant writers.
Related resources
Article by Jason Tomaszewski, EducationWorld Associate Editor
Education World®
Copyright © 2013 Education World.


sand making machine25489
Description: Understand the process of sand making machine production line
Group News
People's pursuit of life facilitation promotes the process of urbanization, and the pace of engineering construction is accelerated, and the demand for various types of basic building materials has also increased substantially. However, over-exploitation of raw river sand and sea sand is not conducive to environmental protection. Therefore, the development of mining machinery and heavy industry has become an important foundation.
Learn about the sander production line process to help you choose a more suitable brand.
Feeders, crushers, shredders, belt conveyors, electric control centers, etc. are the main process equipment for the sand making machine production line. Among them, the corresponding crushing machine can be selected for the degree of crushing (coarse crushing, medium crushing, crushing) that needs to be achieved.
The sand making machine production line is mainly used for crushing, shaping and refining of large hard, medium hard or cartilage materials such as perlite, granite, basalt, pebbles and hard limestone.
Artificial sand is formed through the sand making process, which is suitable for various industries that require aggregates. Such as fireproof materials, concrete, ore, metallurgy, etc. In special cases, the sand making machine can also be used to speed up the reconstruction of the disaster area and the house relocation.
At the same time, in order to comply with different process requirements and achieve different design yields, various types of equipment can be split and combined. The assembly of the production line is very flexible.
Next, the basic process flow of the sand making machine is briefly introduced.
The equipment adopts the principle of stone mutual attack and iron stone. The raw materials enter the vibrating feeder through dumping, etc., and the raw materials are transported to various crushers through the belt conveyor and the hoist to be crushed. After breaking, the sand machine is transported through the belt conveyor, and the sand making machine will aggregate the aggregate. Further breaking, breaking, and shaping. The treated aggregate enters the "sieve" of the vibrating screener for vibration screening, and then transported to the gravel washer for cleaning to the finished sand making machine. A basic set of sand making process ends here.
At present, the mature process equipment has greatly improved the automation operation degree of the production line. After reasonable mechanical selection and assembly, the purpose of low operating cost and high breaking rate can be achieved. Energy saving, large output and easy maintenance are its characteristics. The finished sand produced can meet the standards of all levels, the needle rate is low, and the production grade is matched, and the particle shape is good and uniform.
According to customer needs (mainly stone specifications, stone use) to determine the equipment assembly of the production line. The manufacturer provides comprehensive service and technical support, and configures the process according to the objective production conditions of the customer on site to achieve a rational, economical and efficient production line.
With an understanding of the basic production process, you can judge whether the equipment products meet your needs by observing the production process, and thus choose a product that is more in line with your brand.
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text:
No English translations is provided for the songs' names and lyrics, but you can listen to a song's melody by clicking on
the icon (with a typical computer configuration,
a song should start playing automatically following the click).
(1) The Palmach's hymn.
(2) The unforgettable short poem by
Lord, may it never
The sand and the sea,
The water swishing,
The lightning in the sky,
The prayer of man.
(3) This poem - "A Response [Speech] to
an Italian Captain" by the famous Israeli poet Nathan Alterman - is undoubtedly the most famous
poem written in praise of Aliya Bet. Click here for more details on this poem and an English translation of its lyrics.
(4) The hymn (in Yiddish) of the Exodus 47 ma'apilim at their internment camps in Germany


text:
Cubism was a style of painting explored by two artists – Braque and Picasso – in France at the beginning of the 20th century. Rather than paint an object from one direction, they showed things from a number of different viewpoints – from the front, the side, the top, the bottom. The effect of showing all these viewpoints together was that the painting was flattened out. Instead of using perspective, which is a way of showing distance in a painting, the cubists wanted to show how a painting is actually flat.
Look at Garden Green again. See how the table rises up the painting and look how the spoon and cup sit differently. It seems as though we are looking down on the spoon but looking across at the cup and saucer. If we were looking down at the cup and saucer we would be able to look right into it. Norah McGuinness is using square blocks of colour in this painting – think what a cube is! These cubes of paint are seen on the table, the lemon and particularly the patchwork garden outside.
Norah McGuinness has captured the sense of a lovely warm day. The kitchen table is before an open window with pink climbing roses outside and look at all the different tones of green she has used. There is a girl in the garden. What do you think she is doing? Maybe she is picking something from the garden for dinner!


text:
oá is used for rugs, sacks, textiles, cordage, twine and paper.
Brushes, brooms and whisks are made from various vegetable fibers. These fibers need to be strong, stiff and elastic with a high flexibility. Sometimes whole twigs, fine stems or roots are used, or the fibers are secured from leafstalks. Several important brush fibers are as follows:
A few species of palms that grow in tropical America and Africa are the source of brush fibers called commercially Piassava, Piassaba or Bass Fiber. These trees have leaf stalks or leaf sheaths that yield the stiff, coarse, brown or black fibers in making brushes for sweeping large areas such as sidewalks and streets
West African Piassava is obtained from a wine palm, Raphia vinifera that grows in profusion in the tidal bayous and creeks of Liberia and other parts of West Africa. The leafstalks are retted and the bundles beaten. The long fibers are used to make mats and brushes. A wine is fermented from the palm tree sap.
Brazilian Piassava is from two species of palm found in profusion in the lowlands of the Amazon and Orinoco regions. Attalea funifera is the source of Bahia Piassava. The fibers are wiry, stiff and brown and almost like bristles. They are removed from the swollen bases of the leafstalks with an ax. They have been used primarily for street-cleaning machine brushes because the fibers are very durable and retain their resiliency even when wet. Para Piassava fibers are formed on the margins of the leaf petioles of Leopoldinia piassaba. They are used not only for brushes and brooms but also for hats, baskets and ropes.
Some other coarse fibers such as Palmyra and Kittul Fiber are classed as piassava in commerce. Palmyra Fiber is from the Palmyra palm, Borassus flabellifer, of the East Indies. This palm is one of the most useful as all parts of the plant are used for some purpose. The fibers are made into twine, paper, rope and machine brushes. Kittul Fiber is finer, softer and more pliable. It is obtained from the leaf sheaths of the toddy palm, Caryota urens, of Sri Lanka and the East Indies. The black bristles are made into strong ropes or into soft brushes. They also are substitutes for horsehair and oakum.
Cabbage palm, Sabal palmetto, of coastal southeastern North America yields a valuable fiber called Palmetto Fiber. The highest-grade fiber is obtained from young leaf stalks that are still in the bud. Coarser fibers come from mature leaves or the bases of old leaf stalks surrounding the bud. There was one an industry in Florida that processed this fiber for use as a substitute for palmyra in brushes. Palmetto fibers are reddish tan in color and 8-20 in. long. The bud of the palm is edible and the roots contain tannin.
The sorghum, Sorghum vulgare var. technicum, differs from other sorghums by having a panicle with long straight branches. This inflorescence or seed head is the "brush" that is made into brooms. A dwarf variety exists that furnishes fiber for whiskbrooms, while the normal sized variety is used for carpet brooms. Harvest is before the end of flowering season by cutting the stems a few inches below the head. The heads are sorted, threshed and dried. Another species, Spartina spartinae, is a native grass of the southern Coastal Plain from Florida to Mexico that has been used in combination with the sorghum. Brooms often consist of as much as 50 percent Spartina surrounded by broomcorn.
Broomroot or Zacaton, Muhlenbergia macroura, is used to manufacture cheaper brushes. The plant is a grass found from Texas to Central America, especially in the mountainous regions of Mexico. It is a perennial with tufted wiry culms and coarse roots. The roots are the plant part utilized. They are harvested year-round, washed, cleaned and dried. They are then cut from the tops, graded according to quality, length and color and baled for export.
There are relatively few materials that are manufactured for plaited or coarsely woven articles. The raw materials include the rushes, stems of reeds, willows, bamboo, grasses, rattan and leaves and roots. They are used entirely or split. They are woven or twisted together in a simple manner and made into sandals, mats, hats, matting, screens, chair seats, baskets, etc.
In many parts of the Eastern Hemisphere, rice, barley, wheat and rye are grown for the purpose of making braids or straw plaits for hats. The plants are grown close together so that they will have few leaves, and they are harvested before they mature. The stems are split lengthwise before plaiting. The Leghorn Hats and Tuscan Hats of Italy are some of the best of the straw hats.
Panama Hats are made from the leaves of Toquilla, Carludovica palmata, a stem less, palm like plant that grows wild in the forests from southern Mexico to Peru. It has been cultivated in Ecuador and parts of Colombia. The Panama hat industry is concentrated in Ecuador. Young leaves are collected while they are still folded in the bud and treated with hot water. The coarse veins are removed and the plaits are separated and split lengthwise into slender strips that are slowly dried and bleached. They gradually roll inward forming fine cylindrical strands known as Jipijapa. The hats are woven by hand from these strands. About six leaves are necessary to make one hat. The best quality Panama hats are uniform and have a fine texture, are strong, durable and elastic and resistant to water. The Puerto Rican Hats are made from the leaves of the hat palm, Sabal causiarum.
In the Eastern Hemisphere commercial mattings have been made from several rushes, grasses and sedges. Usually the stalks or leaves are used alone, but they may be combined with cotton of hemp. Some of the species utilized are Chinese Mat Grass, Cyperus tegetiformis, and Japanese Mat Rush, Juncus effusus.
The Screw Pines, Pandanus tectorius and P. utilis are important in Southeastern Asia and Oceania for making mats. The leaves of these species are also used for sugar bags, cordage, hats and thatching.
Baskets have been and are continuously being made from an array of plant species worldwide. Roots, stems, leaves and even woody splints have been used. Commercial baskets are usually made from rushes, cereal straw, osiers or willows, and ash or white oak splints. Sweet grass baskets are made from Hierochloe odorata, a common species in lowlands along the coast and Great Lakes. Another important source of basket fiber is the raffia palm, Raffia pedunculata, native to Madagascar. Strips of the lower epidermis of the leaves are the raffia of commerce. The fiber is so soft and silk like that it can be woven. It is especially useful as a tie material for nurseries and gardens.
This includes chair seats, chairs, infant carriages, hampers and other light articles of furniture. Willows, rattan and bamboo are the main plants used.
Rattan is obtained from several species of climbing palms, Calamus spp., that grow in the humid forests of the East Indies and other parts of tropical Asia. The stems of these plants are long, strong, flexible and uniform. They are used either entirely or as splits in Asia for furniture, canes, baskets and other items. A considerable quantity of rattan is exported for making furniture.
Bamboos occur in most tropical areas, but they are especially abundant in the monsoon regions of Eastern Asia. They are the largest of the grasses with woody stems that sometimes reach one foot in diameter and a height of over 10 feet. There are many species in the families Arundinaria, Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Gigantochloa, Phyllostachys, and other genera. The stems are used for all kinds of construction in areas where these plants grow. Exported bamboo is used in the manufacture of furniture, fishing rods and implements of various kinds. Bamboo splits are made into baskets and brushes.
In the Western Hemisphere bamboos have not been extensively utilized. Guadua angustifolia is a species with very strong culms and has been used in Ecuador to make furniture and in house construction.
Many plant fibers have been used to stuff pillows, cushions, furniture, mattresses, etc. They are also used to caulk the seams of vessels, in the making of staff for buildings, as stiffening for plaster, packing for bulkheads and machine bearings, and for the protection of delicate objects during shipment. Synthetic materials frequently take the place of these long used products, but in some ways they retain some superiority. Surface fibers are commonly used for stuffing because their staples are too short to be spun and thus are not valued in the textile industry. Bast fibers are too costly, and hard fibers are frequently too stiff and coarse. The silk cottons are the most important source for stuffing.
This is the most popular silk cotton and most valuable of all the stuffing substances. Kapok is the floss produced in the pods of the kapok tree, Ceiba pentandra. Originally confined to the American tropics, it is now found worldwide. It is an irregular tree, 50


Wednesday, August 4, 2010
What is Justice? (blog example)
The following blog presents a good example of a personal inquiry into the meaning of "Justice" from an active blogger.
 - How can bloggers influence mainstream media?
 - How do bloggers influence the politics of the country and politics worldwide?
 - How can bloggers get their voices heard above the din of data smog?
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Genetic editing offers marijuana and hemp companies a way to improve plant strains
The development of new genetic-editing technology offers cannabis companies a cost-effective way to make specific changes to marijuana and hemp plants – such as more disease resistance – without creating a genetically modified organism (GMO).
The technology, known as Crispr-Cas9, will allow the cannabis industry to build new, improved plants that promise to introduce hardiness and efficiencies into cultivation.
That, in turn, could boost profits.
Developed by Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna, the Crispr-Cas9 gene-editing technique revolutionizes genetic engineering in many fields, including medicine and agriculture.
They were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work.
In the case of cannabis, Crispr gene editing can produce new testable strains within a matter of weeks – unlike previous, more manual techniques.
Some possible changes to the cannabis genome include:
 - Disease resistance: Large-scale agriculture is susceptible to various pests and diseases. The technique should provide a way to quickly create resistant plants.
 - Climate tolerance: Climate change will alter how cannabis is grown in the coming decades. Plants that can withstand a wider range of temperature and daylight will be valuable as that occurs.
 - Increased trichomes: Researchers are trying to increase the trichome density on the plants as a way to boost the production of terpenes and cannabinoids.
 - Terpene manipulation: Changing the terpene makeup of a plant could provide a way to create distinctive and brandable cannabis products.
 - CBD-to-THC ratio in hemp: Hemp producers use the gene-editing technique to inhibit or eliminate the production of THC in the plants. It can also be used to manipulate the creation of CBD.
 - Biomass improvements: The ability to create specific traits and improvements to non-THC and CBD producing biomass of plants could help increase cultivator profits by minimizing plant waste.
 - Plant-wide THC production: In the vein of biomass improvements, work has already begun on the development of marijuana plants that produce THC in more parts of the plant.
 - Novel cannabinoid production: As the industry begins to understand cannabinoids other than THC and CBD, look for gene editing to be at the forefront of manipulating plants to produce them.
The Crispr-Cas9 process creates new DNA but technically does not create a genetically modified organism (GMO) because it does not introduce foreign DNA to the plant.
The process works by removing the section of the DNA the cultivator is hoping to change.
In addition, a guide piece of RNA is created and attached to an enzyme called Cas9.
Together, these two elements make up the Crispr tool.
The tool finds the targeted section of DNA while the enzyme cuts out the section as scissors would. New genetic material is introduced and attaches to the missing segment.
Companies are already using the technique to manipulate hemp and marijuana plants.
Evergreen, Colorado-based Ebbu, which was acquired by Canada-based Canopy Growth Corp. in 2018, was an early adopter of gene-editing techniques to try to produce single-cannabinoid strains, among other traits.
CanBreed, an Israeli company focused on developing genetically stable seeds, licensed the Crispr technology to enhance the traits of those seeds.
In late 2020, the company announced the purchase of a 3.5-acre farm in San Diego.
Andrew Long can be reached at [email protected].


text:
- slide 1 of 9
Fathers do not often have the opportunity to spend time with their preschooler in the classroom. Try hosting your own Dad's Day - complete with preschool Father's Day crafts and memento to commemorate the time spent together.
- slide 2 of 9
Start with an Invitation!
Dad will not be able to resist an invitation that comes directly from his little one. Spend some time letting the children in your classroom make and decorate their very own invitations!
Materials for Each Child:
- 8 1/2" x 11" piece of paper (may be white or colored paper)
- 1 pre-printed sheet of paper outlining the date and time of the celebration (Be sure to include both the start and end time...busy dads like to know how to plan their day!)
- crayons, markers,
- stickers (optional)
- The phrase "Please Come" written on the blackboard or large poster board as a writing model for your students
Demonstrate to the class how to fold the invitation in half. You may need to walk around the classroom, providing assistance as needed. Model writing the phrase "Please Come" on the front of your invitation. Again, circulate among the students to provide assistance where needed. For those students who have not yet begun to write, you may wish to use a pencil to write the words on the front of the card for them, and then allow the child to simply trace over your writing. On the inside of the card, have students glue the pre-printed sheet of paper that provides the date and time for the celebration. Finally, let the kids have fun decorating the front, back and inside of the invitation in their own, personal style! Be sure to send the invitations home, so that the dads have an ample amount of time to make arrangements to attend. (On a side note, students who do not have a father living at home with them may instead wish to invite a special neighbor, uncle, grandfather or family friend to the celebration and then present them with their preschool Father's Day crafts.)
- slide 3 of 9
Father's Day Craft - Matching Neckties!
The boys and girls in your preschool class will have a lot of fun making matching neckties to wear with dad at the celebration.
Materials for Each Child:
- Two copies of one of the necktie patterns below - enlarged so that it is about the size of a regular necktie
- Two pieces of yarn, approximately 12" long
- Hole puncher
- Crayons or markers
- Stickers (optional)
- slide 5 of 9
The children are going to cut and decorate two matching neckties to be worn at the Dad's Day celebration. (Patterns for these preschool crafts for Father's Day may be found on page one of the article.)
Colorful neckties are a wonderful way to teach patterning! You may wish to bring in several different kinds as examples. One option would be to have the children use the tie with stripes to create a repeating color pattern. For this age group, it is best to keep the colors to no more than 3. Another idea would be to allow the children more freedom of expression by having them decorate the blank tie in any manner they choose - as long as both ties are matching.
When the decorations are complete, help each child use the hole punch to punch one hole on each side of the knot, near the top. String the yarn through each of the holes and secure the ends so that the tie can hang loosely around their neck. One tie for dad...one tie for his little one! What better way to say, "I admire you, Daddy!" than to dress alike.
- slide 6 of 9
Create a Bulletin Board that Doubles as a Keepsake
Here is a neat idea for a bulletin board or display to use as part of your Father's Day activities. Using the form below, have each child complete a little information sheet about their dad. Have each student dictate their answers to each question as you write them down. Be sure to write exactly what the child says! When they are finished, ask the students to draw a picture of their dad. Pair them together on a bulletin board...or spread them apart and as part of your Father's Day activities challenge the dads to match the text with the correct picture!
- slide 8 of 9
Plan the Event
Arrange ahead of time to have lemonade and cookies to serve at your celebration. Before the dads arrive for the Father's Day activities, have each child put on one of the two ties they made. When their father does arrive, h/she should present them with the matching tie and ask them to wear it during this special time together. Let the fathers mingle, briefly, and then collect everyone together for circle time. Read a few sentences from the information sheets the students completed about their dads. Challenge the fathers to find their picture if they are not right next to the printed sheet. When all of the students have had the opportunity to share, invite everyone to partake in the refreshments. When they are finished, students should be encouraged to take their fathers on a tour of the classroom. During this time, quickly remove all of the information sheets and pictures from the bulletin board. Present each father with their pictures and text when it is time for them to depart.
- slide 9 of 9
One thing is for certain, these preschool Father's Day crafts and celebration are sure to be memorable for everyone!
If you enjoyed these Father's Day activities, then look no further than Bright Hub for complementary Mother's Day craft!
Father's Day Celebration in your Preschool Classroom
Find Father's Day lessons, crafts and activities to make this a special day for your preschool classroom!


Blocks storage sharding
In Cortex, when using the experimental blocks storage, each querier internally runs the Thanos BucketStore. This means that each querier has a full view over all blocks in the long-term storage and all blocks index headers are loaded in each querier memory. The querier memory usage linearly increase with number and size of all blocks in the storage, imposing a scalability limit to the blocks storage.
In this proposal we want to solve this. In particular, we want to:
 1. Shard blocks (index headers) across a pool of nodes
 2. Do not compromise HA on the read path (if a node fails, queries should continue to work)
 3. Do not compromise correctness (either the query result is correct or it fails)
Proposed solution
The idea is to introduce a new Cortex service - store-gateway - internally running the Thanos BucketStore. At query time, a querier will run a query fetching the matching series both from ingesters and the subset of gateways holding the related blocks (based on the query time range). Blocks are replicated across the gateways in order to guarantee query results consistency and HA even in the case of a gateway instance failure.
Ring-based sharding and replication
In order to build blocks sharding and replication, the store-gateway instances form a ring. Each gateway instance uses a custom MetaFetcherFilter to filter blocks loaded on the instance itself, keeping only blocks whose hash(block-id) is within the tokens range assigned to the gateway instance within the ring.
Within a gateway, the blocks synchronization is triggered in two cases:
 1. Periodically
 to discover new blocks uploaded by ingesters or compactor, and delete old blocks removed due to retention or by the compactor
 2. On-demand
 when the ring topology changes (the tokens ranges assigned to the gateway instance have changed)
It's important to outline that the sync takes time (typically will have to re-scan the bucket and download new blocks index headers) and Cortex needs to guarantee query results consistency at any given time (see below).
Query execution
When a querier executes a query, it will need to fetch series both from ingesters and the store-gateway instances.
For a given query, the number of blocks to query is expected to be low, especially if the Cortex cluster is running the query-frontend with a 24h query split interval. In this scenario, whatever is the client's query time range, the query-frontend will split the client's query into partitioned queries each with up to 24h time range and the querier will likely hit not more than 1 block per partitioned query (except for the last 24h for which blocks may have not been compacted yet).
Given this assumption, we want to avoid sending every query to every store-gateway instance. The querier should be able to take an informed decision about the minimum subset of store-gateway instances which needs to query given a time range.
The idea is to run the MetaFetcher also within the querier, but without any sharding filter (contrary to the store-gateway). At any given point in time, the querier knows the entire list of blocks in the storage. When the querier executes the Select() (or SelectSorted()) it does:
 1. Compute the list of blocks by the query time range
 2. Compute the minimum list of store-gateway instances containing the required blocks (using the information from the ring)
 3. Fetch series from ingesters and the matching store-gateway instances
 4. Merge and deduplicate received series
 - Optimization: can be skipped if the querier hits only 1 store-gateway
Query results consistency
When a querier executes a query, it should guarantee that either all blocks matching the time range are queried or the query fails.
However, due to the (intentional) lack of a strong coordination between queriers and store-gateways, and the ring topology which can change any time, there's no guarantee that the blocks assigned to a store-gateway shard are effectively loaded on the store-gateway itself at any given point in time.
The idea is introduce a consistency check in the querier. When a store-gateway receives a request from the querier, the store-gateway includes in the response the list of block IDs currently loaded on the store-gateway itself. The querier can then merge the list of block IDs received from all store-gateway hit, and match it against the list of block IDs computed at the beginning of the query execution.
There are three possible scenarios:
 1. The list match: all good
 2. All the blocks known by the querier are within the list of blocks returned by store-gateway, but the store-gateway also included blocks unknown to the querier: all good (it means the store-gateways have discovered and loaded new blocks before the querier discovered them)
 3. Some blocks known by the querier are not within the list of blocks returned by store-gateway: potential consistency issue
We want to protect from a partial results response which may occur in the case #3. However, there are some legit cases which, if not handled, would lead to frequent false positives. Given the querier and store-gateway instances independently scan the bucket at a regular interval (to find new blocks or deleted blocks), we may be in one of the following cases:
a. The querier has discovered new blocks before the store-gateway successfully discovered and loaded them b. The store-gateway has offloaded blocks "marked for deletion" before the querier
To protect from case (a), we can exclude the blocks which have been uploaded in the last X time from the consistency check (same technique already used in other Thanos components). This X delay time is used to give the store-gateway enough time to discover and load new blocks, before the querier consider them for the consistency check. This value X should be greater than the -experimental.blocks-storage.bucket-store.consistency-delay, because we do expect the querier to consider a block for consistency check once it's reasonably safe to assume that its store-gateway already loaded it.
To protect from case (b) we need to understand how blocks are offloaded. The BucketStore (running within the store-gateway) offloads a block as soon as it's not returned by the MetaFetcher. This means we can configure the MetaFetcher with a IgnoreDeletionMarkFilter with a delay of X (could be the same value used for case (a)) and in the querier exclude the blocks which have been marked for deletion more than X time ago from the consistency check.
The proposed solution comes with the following trade-offs:
 - A querier is not ready until it has completed an initial full scan of the bucket, downloading the meta.json file of every block
 - A store-gateway is not ready until it has completed an initial full scan of the bucket, downloading the meta.json and index header of each block matching its shard
 - If a querier hits 2+ store-gateways it may receive duplicated series if the 2+ store-gateways share some blocks due to the replication factor


text:
Information in each Weekly Soil Moisture Loss Report
Estimates labeled "West of the Sacramento River" are based on weather measurements taken near Gerber. Estimates labeled "East of the Sacramento River" are based on measurements taken near Durham. They are for healthy crops, where soil moisture is not limiting crop growth. Estimates are for bearing orchards (typically fifth leaf or older). Estimates suggest a maximum amount of irrigation water needed. Rainfall received during the growing season and stored soil moisture from the dormant season also contributes to meeting these estimates and will reduce the irrigation water needed. Irrigation decisions based on this information should be confirmed with field monitoring. Irrigation systems that apply water with a high uniformity require less water to supply the crop needs. This season, we are continuing to provide NOAA forecasted week of water use as additional information.
Use in the Spring Season to Help Decide When to Begin the Irrigation Season
Referring to the first table, select the crop in question and compare the "Accumulated Seasonal Water Use" since leaf-out* to the "Accumulated Rainfall". As the seasonal water use exceeds accumulated rainfall, compare
An Example: Accumulated seasonal water use for almonds from March 1 through March 14, 2013 was 0.69 inches while accumulated rainfall from the Gerber station on the Westside of the river since March 1 was 0.30 inches. In the case of almonds, which are the earliest orchard crop to leafout and begin developing a full canopy, a 0.39 inch soil moisture deficit has developed through March 14. When the deficit accrues to an amount greater than will be applied with a single irrigation event, it may be time to begin irrigating. By referring to these weekly soil moisture loss reports, the effects of changing weather conditions can be considered and the soil moisture depletion can be estimated to help decide when to begin irrigating and how much water to apply. Rainfall measurements taken from your own farm or ranch will improve the accuracy of this projection.
Use throughout the Season to Aid Irrigation Operation
Crops go through phases of growth and the weather can be highly variable during the season. These weekly reports can be used to help adjust for changing crop and weather conditions.
In order to apply this information, the water application rate from the irrigation system must be known. For orchards, this can be estimated with a count of micro sprinklers or drip emitters per acre along with a reliable estimate of the water emission rate per micro sprinkler or dripper. Another option is to contact the Tehama County Mobile Irrigation Lab listed below and arrange an irrigation system evaluation and the water application rate will be determined for you. In the past, this service has been available at no cost but a fee may be required in 2013.
Almond Orchard Example: One micro sprinkler is used per almond tree; each micro sprinkler emits nine gallons of water per hour; and the orchard design has 151 trees per acre. The hourly water application rate for this example is 1359 gallons per acre. This equates to a water application rate of 0.05 inches per acre per hour of operation. The math is as follows: 1) 151 micro sprinklers per acre multiplied by 9 gallons per hour emission rate equals 1359 gallons per acre per hour; and 2) 1359 gallons per acre per hour divided by 27,154 equals 0.05 inches per acre per hour of operation (there are 27,154 gallons of water per acre-inch, a common volumetric unit of measure used in irrigated agriculture).
Suppose an upcoming weekly report shows that almonds (west of river) from May 4 to May 10, 2013 use 1.80 inches of water per acre and they are irrigated with the micro sprinkler system described above. At an hourly water application rate of 0.05 inches per acre per hour of operation, a maximum of 36 hours of operation would be needed during the week to match the estimated soil moisture loss. The hours of operation may be reduced further if rainfall occurred during the week or if a reasonable contribution from soil storage is allowed.
Additional water is needed to compensate for non-uniform application of water. Field evaluations conducted by the Tehama County Mobile Irrigation Lab suggest 10 to 20 percent more water may be necessary. Table 2 in the Weekly ET Report helps determine how much water is needed based upon your systems irrigation efficiency keeping in mind that less efficient irrigation systems apply water less uniformly.
Have Questions or Looking for More Assistance?
Allan Fulton, _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_; Mark Rivera, _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_; Kevin Greer, _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


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I'm attempting to create a simple line chart with d3, however for some reason it's filling between the line and some midpoint. Here's the output:
Line Chart
My javascript is the following:
 var width = 500,
 height = 500,
 padding = 10;
 var extentVisits = d3.extent(visits, function(obj){
 return obj['visits'];
 var extentDates = d3.extent(visits, function(obj){
 return obj['datestamp'];
 var yScale = d3.scale.linear()
 .range([height - padding, padding]);
 var xScale = d3.time.scale()
 .range([0, width]);
 var line = d3.svg.line()
 .x(function(d) {
 return xScale(d['datestamp']);
 .y(function(d) {
 return yScale(d['visits']);
 .attr('width', width)
 .attr('height', height)
 .attr("transform", "translate(5,5)")
 .attr("class", "line")
 .attr('d', line);
Where visits is of the form:
 visits = [{'datestamp': timestampA, 'visits': 1000},
 {'datestamp': timestampB, 'visits': 1500}]
I'm pretty new at d3 so I'm sure it's something simple, but it's driving me crazy.
Thanks in advance.
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up vote 10 down vote accepted
The midpoint you're seeing is just the connection of the first and last point. This is because the path you've created has (by default) a black fill. Even though it's an open path (i.e., the first and last point are not actually connected), if filled, it will appear closed:
The fill operation fills open subpaths by performing the fill operation as if an additional "closepath" command were added to the path to connect the last point of the subpath with the first point of the subpath.
Source: SVG specification via this SO answer
The solution here is to eliminate the fill and instead set a stroke. You can do this directly in JS with d3 or through CSS.
 fill: none;
 stroke: #000;
Demo showing both the CSS and JS method (commented out) on jsFiddle
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text:
Just ten days ago, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo welcomed the birth of three baby Capybaras. The new babies bring the Zoo's group of Capybaras up to six including mom Shoya, dad Budha, and another adult female, Bonita. They can all be seen on exhibit together on the second floor of The RainForest.
Capybaras are the largest rodents in the world. They can grow up to 4.5 feet long and weigh up to 150 pounds. They are native to South America and can be found throughout most of the continent east of the Andes Mountains.


text:
Viper uses G-Force.
|Description||Utilize gravity's pull to swing sword harder.|
Viper charges at the target and slices them with his weapon. He then hops into the air, swings his sword, and crashes down on the target's head. The resulting blow cascades in a fountain of yellow and white sparks.
G Force is a scientific term used to describe the rate at which an object accelerates as it falls. In this tech, Viper exploits this gravitational momentum to unleash more powerful blows.


text:
Blegoš, at 1563 m high, represents the highest peak of the Škofja Loka Hills. Here the upper border of the forest is extremely low, hardly reaching a height of 1500 m. Blegoš is well known for its fauna and flora.
A carpet of rhododendrons spreads above the forest, where in between clustered bunches of mountain knapweed grow, and mountain orchids thrive on the grassy turf. There are so many that Blegoš could be called the mountain of orchids. The concrete fortifications of the Rupnik line at the top of Blegoš date back to before the Second World War. At that time Blegoš was one of the major strongholds in the military system of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia against Italy.