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Oxygen – ATP Models Every Chronic Diseases
I expect that many eyes will roll at the title of this article. I anticipate many knowing smiles from other readers who are familiar with my oxygen models of various diseases. They might chuckle and say we knew it was coming, considering how many oxygen models of chronic diseases this Dr. Ali has put forth.
Let us consider a thought experiment. There is one factor that is crucial for functions and survival of cells in all body organs. Next there is one nutrient that is crucial for maintaining the regular and ample supply of that factor. Wouldn't it follow that if the regular and ample supply of that factor was seriously compromised, it would put in jeopardy the functions and survival of cells in all organs of the body?
Here are the two fundamental scientific facts of human biology: (1) ATP is the energy substance without which cells cannot function and survive; and (2) oxygen is the nutrient which assures regular and ample supply of ATP. This, in simplest words, is the Oxygen Model of Every Chronic Disease.
Challenge to the Oxygen – ATP Models of Chronic Diseases
Chronic Disease are broadly classified as infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, nutritional, environmental, and genetic. How can ATP be considered as fundamental to the causation of all these diseases.. I cite here just two examples of how ATP plays essential roles in all chronic diseases other than just being a source of energy:
- ATP serves myriad roles in health and disease in calcium signaling
- ATP regulates crucial functions of immune cells, such as hunter-immune cells called phagoctyes.
As for chronic genetic disease, even a cursory study of their pathology and clinical manifestations makes it clear that infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, nutritional, and environmental factors play crucial roles their as well.
Evidence for the Oxygen Model of Every Chronic Disease
In a companion article posted on _URL_, I reproduce abstracts of two important papers that firmly established the scientific facts I cite above to provide evidence for ATP roles other than serving as source of energy.
Links to Relevant Articles


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Backyard hose water playThere's nothing better than running around in the back garden with a hose (or a bucket of water if there's water restrictions) on a hot day! Hours can be happily spent dreaming up watery games.
What You Need:
- Garden hose
There are many ways kids can have fun with a garden hose and a bucket:
- Go around the backyard watering the plants.
- Have a water fight game using buckets of water.
- Use a stream of water to play a game of limbo (by going under the stream) or high jump ( by jumping over the stream)
- Use the stream of water for target practice. Use chalk to draw a bulls eye and then try and hit the bulls eye with water.
- Build a dam in a garden bed.
- This activity has been brought to you by The Natural Confectionery Co.
Related natural imaginative play activities:
- A rainy day activity box
- Indoor picnic
- Shaving cream play
- Car wash
- Backyard camping
- Have an outdoor bath

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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an elementary depiction about Newton's mechanics: 质点力学
space and time
At present, when we talk about something occur, means that it must contains the properties of time and space, or it must occur in the space-time specifically. But, we never say that a time event or a space event occurs alone. We don't care such a event at present.
No matter what time and space is, however, we can get a sufficient description of them that correspond with our physical concept, because we can always describe phenomenon definitely, in despite of we don't know the essential of it: (ref: Geometry)
1. an affine space.
2. a translation group act to the affine space
3. Euclid structure upon the translation vector space.
4. Galileo structure upon the affine space
Each step imply some physical presuppositions:
1. point: time point and space point.
Just a point is undistinguishable.
2. there is a distance between two different points.
How to know the distance? or how to describe the distance?
There are four forms of distance: the time distance at the same space points; the time distance at different space points; the space distance at the same time point; the space distance at different time points.
To measure these forms of distance, we have to induct some physical presuppositions:
the time distance at the same space point: translation invariant of time.
->the time distance at different space points: simultaneity.
->the space distance at the same time point: rigid body.
->the space distance at different time points:...
3. there is the property of direction in space and time.
We can ask a question: what does direction means? Just like distance, since we can't consider a space event or a time event at present, we have to consider other occurrences that embody the direction of space or time.
Let's study the distance and the direction from a simplest occurrence: a point x(x, t_1), and a point y(y. t_2).
x.. y
we say "at the time point t_1, we find a particle is at the space point x, at the time point t_2, we find the same particle is at the space point y, if we can identify they are the same".
or, we can describe the same occurrence as "a particle move from x to y". then, this is become a typical physical occurrence! Means that we can definite the direction of time and space in such a occurrence, furthermore, we can ask the first physical question: how the particle move from x to y?
Just experiences can answer it!
If the time and the space satisfy our primary rational number describe on them, then we can use interpolation to detect the process of the particle movement: Let's repeat that occurrence, but add a screen to isolate x and y absolutely, and drilling a hole z on the screen, no matter where is z, when the occurrence is repeat successfully, we can claim that the point z is an intermediate occurrence between x and y. This is been required by our basic causality.
x. | z. y
From this experience, we get Newtonian mechanics and quantum mechanics respectively when we use bullet and photon to realize such a occurrence.
4. reference system
5. velocity and acceleration
The velocity is the derivative of space over time.
The acceleration is the derivative of velocity over time.
momentum and force :: the conservation of momentum
As Newton's second definition, momentum is used to measure the movement property of object, and as the fourth definition of Newton, the force is used to describe the cause of the movement of object.
the conservation of energy :: kinetic energy and potential energy
why Newton is right?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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20/11/2007 · Ofdm Thesis PDF - Free download as..
This thesis focuses on single–user MIMO mode in 3GPP LTE downlink..
We first show that this energy-efficient resource allocation problem can be converted into a more tractable equivalent problem by which the fractional objective of energy efficiency is well settled. With the Lagrange dual method then, we decouple the RB assignment and power allocation on different subchannels using dual decomposition, which greatly simplifies the combinatorial RB assignment, and address the equivalent problem effectively via solving a series of dual optimization problems. Moreover, a computationally efficient but near-optimal algorithm is proposed to perform QoS-aware energy-efficient resource allocation in practice. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm may not only improve energy efficiency significantly but fully satisfy users' rate requirements as well. Moreover, with MIMO-OFDMA and RB assignment being considered, the proposed algorithm may be more applicable in LTE systems than most existing schemes on energy-efficient resource allocation.
Performance of MIMO Aware RRM in Downlink OFDMA
Broadband mobile communication has enabled MIMO technology and OFDM technology to become the most promising research direction in the field of wireless mobile communication in the future. OFDMA technology growing up based on OFDM is a multiple-access technology, whose channel design will generate more influence for system capability. OFMDA technology can apply suitable channel design for bringing about high efficiency communication in allusion to different environment. And the channel could select or device a better estimator algorithm by algorithm t- heory to enhance communication reliability ().


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Silica fume is a highly pozzolanic material that is used to enhance mechanical and durability properties of concrete. It may be added directly to concrete as an individual ingredient or in a blend of portland cement and silica fume.
Interest in the use of silica fume resulted from the strict enforcement of air-pollution measures designed to stop release of the material into the atmosphere. Initial use of silica fume in concrete was mostly for cement replacement,along with water-reducing admixtures. Eventually,the availability of high-range water-reducing admixtures(superplasticizers) allowed new possibilities for the use of silica fume to produce high levels of performance.
* Reduces concrete permeability
* Increases concrete strength
* Improves resistance to corrosion


It takes a village to educate children
Ron Gregory
8 months 1 days 8 hours ago |8 Views | | | Email | Print
Dear Editor:
Do you agree it takes a village to educate children?
This is one example of a village coming together to educate children and provide support. Despite the current situation of our economy several businesses and local citizens gave monetary donations.
Administrators, parents, and teachers provided a dedicated team educate the children. These local citizens and businesses provide the monetary support so that the children were able to extend their education beyond the classroom.
Cook law office, Conaway law office, Dr. Senator, Handley Funeral Home, Hatfield law office, Madison Elementary PTO, Jean Cook, and Jeannie McClung. Teresa Butcher, Brenda Lovejoy and Melissa Workman are the aides in the classroom.
They are dedicated assistants who love the students and go above and beyond what is required. They are true educators who enjoy interacting and working with the students.
The administrator's Mrs. Napier and Mr. Griffith provided support and understanding to the classroom. Without their support and understanding we would not have been able to extend the needed social skills and interactions within the community.
Every parent was very supportive of our efforts and their child.
I have taught for many years and never encountered such parental support. This is a vital component to educating students.
With the money and support we were able to purchase classroom shirts, attend various field trips, food and games for the beach blast, the Jack Hannah trip, Disney on Ice and the end of the year trip to the bowling alley.
Thank you to all of the people who were supportive and provided a successful school year to the students.
Angela Howell
Van, W.Va.
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A quantitative measure of x or gamma radiation at a certain place, based on its ability to produce ionisation in air. The former special unit of exposure was the roentgen (R). 1R = 2.58 x 10-4 C/kg. In the international system (SI unit), the special unit is coulomb per kilogram. (Exposure also is frequently used as a synonym for irradiation).
(16 Dec 1997)
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Air humidifier UHB-205 Ballu purpler.
Each Ballu humidifier is a stylish device with a lot of functions and options. The UHB-205 models feature convenient control, large capacity and a stylish design. The Ballu humidifier will make it a peculiar part of your interior and a reliable helper to eliminate dry air.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
The humidification process is based on the principle of "ultrasonic evaporation". When water enters the steam chamber, it is broken down into the smallest droplets by means of ultrasound. The microscopic droplets form a kind of vapour cloud through which a low-power fan drives the outside air, bringing steam into the chamber.
WHAT MAKES A BALL HUMIDIFIER DIFFERENT?
The humidifier has a night-time operation mode, which allows you to set the desired humidity level and humidification speed. The device in this mode will operate according to the set parameters and the display will remain dimmed so as not to irritate your eyes at night.
GET ACQUAINTED WITH THE DISPLAY
Select a mode that will allow the humidity and temperature indicators to be displayed on an intelligent LCD display that can be turned off while you sleep. Setting the device parameters is very intuitive. The required humidity level allows you to measure and maintain the built-in hygrometer and hygrostat. Thanks to the sensor indicating the amount of water in the device, the humidifier will automatically switch off as soon as the level becomes very low.
1. Rotary steam atomizer
2. The water tank
3. Water filter cartridge (installed in the water tank)
4. Control panel
6. Base of the humidifier


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|Look up a priori in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
A priori may refer to:
- A priori knowledge, a type of deduction justified by arguments of a certain kind
- A priori (languages), a type of constructed language
- A priori estimate, a type of estimate for the size of a solution of a differential equation
- A priori probability, a type of probability derived by deductive reasoning, with application in statistical mechanics
- Apriori algorithm, an algorithm used with databases
- A priori and a posteriori
- Priory, a monastery headed by a prior or prioress
- A posteriori (disambiguation)
disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title A priori.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


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Pioneering colour theorist and artist, Sydney Harry who lectured at Bradford College of Art between 1937 and 1975, was also obsessed with the theory and principles of colour. Teaching Woven Textiles and Photography but most importantly the Science and Theory of Colour and Perception, Sydney's research proved to be of immense value to colour theorists and textile designers.
Sydney Harry was born in Leeds in 1912 and at age twelve was accepted to study fine art, photography and woven textile design at Leeds College of Art. Leaving college aged 14; Sydney Harry opened a design and colour services studio.He came to Bradford College of Art in 1937 as a Senior Lecturer teaching Woven Textile Design, Colour and Photography.
Today colour is everywhere in our lives, influencing our choices of what to wear, what car to buy and what colour to paint our walls! The theory and principles of mixing colour both additive ( mixing light) and subtractive ( mixing pigment) and the visual and psychological impact of colour combinations has always fascinated artists, academics and industrialists. The note books of Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton demonstrate their obsession with colour!
In the early 1960s as his professional practice in art and textiles progressed he developed theories about colour by experimenting with colour combinations using weaving and gouache paint. His ideas and reputation spread quickly and he was invited by WD Wright, Professor of Applied Optics at Imperial College, London to join The Colour Group of Great Britain in 1968. Sydney Harry's theories and experiments with colour were highly thought of among academic circles and before long he regularly lectured at academic institutions including Goldsmiths College, London and The Royal College of Art, and the University of Stockholm, and at for many industrial associations including the ICI Paints Division, the Design Council, International Wallpaper Manufacturers' Association, British Colour Education Institute, and London British Colour Council.
His earliest existing colour theory paintings date from 1965, in which gradations of tone and hue were a major theme. By varying the scale and colour combinations many of his paintings resemble the dramatic Pop Art canvases of the 1960's whilst others play strange tricks on your eyes. Sydney Harry's work is a demonstration of the creative and calculated use of colour, an unusual academic and practical blend of science and art.
In 1978 Sydney Harry was instrumental in the setting up of The Colour Museum in Bradford, now home to the Society of Dyers and Colourists. The Society of Dyers and Colourists gave the first major exhibition of Sydney's paintings from 1920s to the 1980s at their Bradford Colour Experience in October 2006. Harry continued to lecture up until 1984 until ill health severely limited his lecturing programme but he continued to paint and experiment with his theories right up until his death in 1991.
Sincere thanks to the family of Sydney Harry, particularly his grand daughter Lettie Tanner.


How Much Does It Cost To Fly A 747 Per Hour?
How much does it cost to fill a 747 with fuel?
A full one is a moneymaker.
The jets also are too big for most markets..
How much fuel does a 747 use per hour?
What happens if you put jet fuel in a car?
Conversely, Jet-A wouldn't work in a gas engine. It would be like putting diesel fuel in your gas-powered car? it just won't run. However, Jet-A could be used in diesel-engine vehicles, but it lacks some of the lubricants found in road diesel fuel.
How much fuel does a 747 burn on takeoff?
According to the Boeing website, the 747 burns approximately 12 litres per kilometre. 747 can carry as many as 568 people. It can carry up to 238,840 litres of fuel.
How much do airlines pay for fuel?
U.S. airlines spent $3 billion on fuel in July 2019, benefiting from a 4 percent decrease in the average price per gallon year-to-date relative to 2018. Spending on jet fuel was 9 percent lower than it was in July 2018, according to the Airline Fuel Cost and Consumption data from BTS.
Do pilots prefer Boeing or Airbus?
I flew the Boeing 737 for 15 years and the Airbus A320 for six years and thoroughly enjoyed both of them. Each had their strong points and their not-so strong-points. The A320 was more comfortable on long flights, due to the larger flight deck and lack of a control column (it has a side stick).
How much does it cost to fill up a plane?
On average, aircraft fill up with an estimated 3,500 gallons of jet fuel, costing an estimated $7,070 (~£5,794). However, price can vary from $4,040 (~£3,311) on the low end to $14,140 (~£11,587) on the high end.
How much does it cost to fly a 747?
The most common is by referring to a generic "operating cost per flight hour" figure. Most of the (extremely) generic references I've seen using that metric for a Boeing 747–400 are in the US$25,000 per hour range.
How much does it cost to fly a 737 per hour?
An average flight on an American Airlines 737-800 costs $2,180 per hour. The plane burns 850 gallons per hour. Fuel costs $1,028 based on Jet-A fuel costing American $1.21 a gallon. A cockpit crew of two along with five flight attendants costs around $465 an hour.
Are Pilots rich?
How much does a gallon of jet fuel cost?
170.8 Cents (US dollars) per Gallon.
Why do planes have to burn off fuel before landing?


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The effects of electron cyclotron heating and current drive on toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in tokamak plasmas
Tipus de documentArticle
Condicions d'accésAccés obert
Projecte de la Comissió EuropeaEUROfusion - Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium (EC-H2020-633053)
Dedicated studies performed for toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) in ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG) discharges with monotonic q-profiles have shown that electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) can make TAEs more unstable. In these AUG discharges, energetic ions driving TAEs were obtained by ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH). It was found that off-axis ECRH facilitated TAE instability, with TAEs appearing and disappearing on timescales of a few milliseconds when the ECRH power was switched on and off. On-axis ECRH had a much weaker effect on TAEs, and in AUG discharges performed with coand counter-current electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), the effects of ECCD were found to be similar to those of ECRH. Fast ion distributions produced by ICRH were computed with the PION and SELFO codes. A significant increase in T e caused by ECRH applied off-axis is found to increase the fast ion slowing-down time and fast ion pressure causing a significant increase in the TAE drive by ICRH-accelerated ions. TAE stability calculations show that the rise in T e causes also an increase in TAE radiative damping and thermal ion Landau damping, but to a lesser extent than the fast ion drive. As a result of the competition between larger drive and damping effects caused by ECRH, TAEs become more unstable. It is concluded, that although ECRH effects on AE stability in present-day experiments may be quite significant, they are determined by the changes in the plasma profiles and are not particularly ECRH specific.
CitacióSharapov, S.E. [et al.]. The effects of electron cyclotron heating and current drive on toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in tokamak plasmas. "Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion", 2 Novembre 2017, vol. 60, núm. 1.
Versió de l'editorhttp://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/_PHONE_/aa90ee


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The concepts of strong and weak states is difficult for people in the U.S. to appreciate. Americans are so accustomed to seeing their nation as incredibly powerful, that they have trouble with a typology that classifies it as a weak state. The discussion on America's strength may provoke some new thinking!
In a 1 page essay, please respond to the concept of "The Weak American State". Summarize what Charles Hauss seems to be saying about American strength. Cite key quotations and examples using proper APA format. Include your own views on the subject, giving reasons for your thoughts.
Important! Your essay should follow standard essay format - Introduction with thesis, supporting evidence, conclusion.
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Optimizing Business Performance with Oracle Exalytics
Advantages of an engineered system
As an Oracle Exalytics Certified Implementation Specialist, I recognize how complex leveraging hardware can be for engineers. In all my excitement to share my perspective on exploiting this platform, I felt I should give an overview of an engineered system before I drill into the specific development models that help us achieve maximum value from an engineered platform.
Engineered for speed.
An engineered system is a single machine that supports a complete set of applications to maximize performance. Exalytics focuses on business intelligence and enterprise performance management to provide high-performance corporate reporting and analysis functions. To support these functions, Exalytics integrates databases, middleware web utilities, calculation engines and report presentation components on a single piece of hardware. The result of Exalytics engineered systems is fast and reliable analytics from only one physical server while still supporting scale and redundancy.
Consolidated for efficiency.
Typical reporting environments support the same applications but require a much larger number of servers to accomplish the task. The diagram below outlines the deployment of the same application components on a typical server infrastructure compared to an Exalytics engineered system. The "unengineered" model requires a vast number of servers, which creates a high level of overhead to secure and maintain a company's critical reporting and performance analytics. This model creates even greater challenges in developing new corporate metrics due to the complexity of adding additional computing power to the environment. Applying the engineered principles to the Exalytics hardware platform allows for the consolidation of many servers into a single hardware environment, drastically reducing the risk and overhead of supporting enterprise analytics.
The Exalytics advantage.
To achieve the gains in server consolidation and application performance, the Exalytics system has combined horsepower with software components designed to specifically exploit elements of the hardware. For starters, Exalytics supports a large number of processing cores, which enables parallel execution of calculations. The ability to rapidly calculate information has no value if the same speed cannot be achieved in storing the results for future access. To enable this, Exalytics provides options ranging from 2.4 to 6.4 terabytes of solid state memory specifically for improving the process of writing and reading tabulated data once a calculation completes. Finally, to minimize the impact of processing and disk throughput, Exalytics provides between 2 and 4 terabytes of RAM for caching data used most frequently in the analytical process.
In the future, I would like to drill into these concepts individually and explore the engineered approach toward leveraging the elements of the Exalytics platform. I look forward to sharing my experience in development and supporting business users in getting the most out of engineered systems.


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Intercultural communication in the new era
Third Annual Language and Society Centre Lecture
Presented in 2010 by Professor Farzad Sharifian, Director, Language and Society Centre, Monash University
Video of the Lecture
All files are in Windows Media format (.wmv)
- 2010 Language and Society Centre Lecture - Full Lecture (115 MB)
- 2010 Language and Society Centre Lecture - Part 1 (29 MB)
- 2010 Language and Society Centre Lecture - Part 2 (30 MB)
- 2010 Language and Society Centre Lecture - Part 3 (32.5 MB)
- 2010 Language and Society Centre Lecture - Part 4 (29.3 MB)
Studies of intercultural communication gathered momentum in applied linguistics during the 1980s. The bulk of such studies focused on miscommunication, mainly between native and non-native speakers of English. The contexts for studies of intercultural communication were generally places such as workplace and business meetings. Most studies focused on face-to-face interactions, but some investigated telephone conversations.
The advent of the 21st century has witnessed almost a revolution in contexts and contents of intercultural communication. Technological advances such as the Internet and mobile phone on the one hand and people's mobility across the borders around the globe have given a new meaning to the word 'intercultural communication'. In our globalized era, we don't need to step outside our houses to engage in intercultural communication. The contexts of intercultural communication now include chat rooms, emails, blogs, Skype, Facebook, twitter, text messaging, etc. For many people across the globe, intercultural communication is now a default context of communication in their everyday life, especially in multicultural contexts such as Australia.
The remarkable growth in the prevalence of intercultural communication among people from many cultural backgrounds, and across many contexts and channels has made conceptual divides such as 'native/non-native' almost irrelevant. For example, in electronic intercultural communication, in many cases the person who is more expert in the use of technology now occupies the place of power during the communication process. It is such knowledge, rather than being native to the language used, that is crucial.
The changes that have characterised the nature and the scope of intercultural communication have entailed the development of new approaches to the studies of intercultural communication. Monash University began pioneering studies of intercultural communication in 1980s and continues to be a significant hub for recent approaches in the study of intercultural communication. This public talk provides an overview of studies of intercultural communication in the last few decades and presents an account of the current status of the field.
About Farzad Sharifian
Professor Farzad Sharifian is the Director of the Language and Society Centre and Convenor of the program of English as an International Language at Monash University.
He is the author of the forthcoming book Language and Cultural Conceptualizations: Theoretical Framework and Applications (John Benjamins). He is also the editor (with Gary B. Palmer) of Applied Cultural Linguistics (2007, John Benjamins), the editor (with René Dirven, Ning Yu and Susanne Niemeier) of Culture, Body and Language (2008, Mouton de Gruyter) and the editor of English as an International Language (2009, Multilingual Matters).
His publications also include more than 50 book chapters and articles published in journals such as Language Sciences, Journal of Pragmatics, Anthropological Linguistics, World Englishes, Language and Intercultural Communication, Journal of Politeness Research, Discourse Studies, Journal of Cognition and Culture, and Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. He is the winner of multiple awards for his research including Edith Cowan University Research Medal and Early Career Researcher of the Year, Faculty of Arts, Monash University.


Nuclear power equipment safety and reliable operation has important social meaning and economic significance, especially some scale is huge, and the mechanism is complex, the impact of decommissioning major and the nuclear safety and to protect public health plays an important role in the equipment, to ensure their safety and reliable operation has an important meaning and the higher maintenance demands.
At the same time, the nuclear power equipment maintenance has maintenance field condition multifarious, difficult, short construction period, quality, safety and technology requirements higher characteristic, so to meet maintenance objectives, the nuclear power plant equipment especially the key and important equipment, the urgent need to adopt more advanced, and more scientific strategy for repair.
Meta analysis method is a more popular on the same theme of multiple independent test results are comprehensive statistical method. At present, it is a very effective comprehensive analysis method, and has already developed mature in many domestic and foreign industries and fields.
This paper based on the Meta analysis thought optimization equipment maintenance strategy, working to improve nuclear power equipment especially the key and important equipment maintenance more scientific, reliability and security.
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Sometimes, we need to store our data like contacts, photos, reminders, notes and files, and device backup in a more secure platform than our device storage or even an external storage device so that it may remain confidential as well as intact. In such cases, cloud storage can be used.
Cloud storage can basically be described as data centers that are available all over the internet for storing data digitally. This type of storage is generally used by certain companies as a platform to provide its user with these storage facilities to keep their data safe and secure. One such cloud platform is iCloud which is managed and owned by Apple which is available on all Apple devices and provides every user with a free 5 GB of cloud storage space.
Also Read: How to delete Siri audio history.
It can be used by creating an Apple account and using your Apple device to store your data on iCloud. This data can later be viewed, extracted or manipulated using iCloud. It also has a family sharing feature which helps your data to be shared with your family. It also enables the access of your data from a remote location which also makes it convenient to review the data from multiple devices without needing any physical presence of that data. And also it allows us to modify a file in such a way that it is altered in all the other devices too.
iCloud also creates an ease of access for all its users by providing a simple method to invite other people to work on a file just by sending them a private link. It also synchronizes your app data on all your Apple devices. It allows two factor authentication to make sure that only you can access your data and keeps it safe.
You can access your data using Mac, Windows, iPad, iPhone and the web from anywhere you want. The process is quite simple. Here's how to access it:
Accessing iCloud using Mac
- Tap on the Apple icon on the upper-left corner of the display.
- Select "System Preferences".
- Go to "iCloud".
- Check the boxes beside data and apps for syncing them to iCloud.
Accessing iCloud using iPhone and iPad
- On your iPad or iPhone, open the Settings app.
- Click at your name on the top.
- Select iCloud.
- Make use of the switches beside the data and apps for starting/stopping their sync with iCloud.
- Scroll down and select "iCloud Backup" to start making automatic backups to the cloud, of your iOS device to the cloud.
- You may continue scrolling down for managing installed third-party apps that can sync with iCloud.
Accessing iCloud using Windows
Using iCloud for Windows, the documents, photos and bookmarks on the PC are automatically updated on all your Apple devices.
- You need to download iCloud for Windows.
- Reboot your PC.
- Open iCloud for Windows. If it does not launch automatically, get to the Start menu, select Apps or Programs, and launch iCloud for Windows.
- For signing in to iCloud, input your Apple ID.
- Check the boxes to choose the data and features to keep it updated across all your devices.
- Tap "Apply".
Accessing iCloud using web browser
Gaining access to iCloud using a web browser is also useful for instantaneously signing out of all the devices that are currently signed into your account if you have a suspicion over someone gaining unapproved access of your Apple ID. It can also be used effectively to manage the apps that allow people to find you using your Apple ID. It also gives insights over the devices that are using your account, available storage and the Family Sharing group members.
- On your preferred web browser, get to the iCloud website.
- Input your Apple ID followed by your password and get through two-factor authentication if it is set up.
- After logging in, you may utilize the iCloud web apps for viewing and altering your documents, data, and photos.
I hope I could address all your queries and now you can access your iCloud using any of your devices. If you have any further doubts, you can visit or you may leave a comment below. Also, please leave a like on the content if it was helpful.


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One of the world's most innovative new ideas looks a lot like a stack of Tupperware containers filled with dirt.
And technically, it is.
But it's also a dirt-powered battery dreamed up by Harvard's Erez Lieberman-Aiden. And the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation thinks it just might be a game changer for the developing world.
The Seattle-based foundation announced the winners of its Grand Challenges Exploration grants Thursday, an attempt to spur creative –if not downright unusual — approaches to solving problems in poor countries.
There were 88 grants for $100,000 awarded. The Associated Press has more on the grantees, many of whom proposed solutions to sanitation problems in poverty-stricken nations.
The dirt-powered battery features a microbial fuel cell that recharges using free electrons that are abundant in soil bacteria. The foundation believes it could be used by rural health clinics and for charging mobile technology.


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In Concrete Evidence, Van Tuico exhausts the metaphor of the road through variations of concrete configurations. Beginning with the materiality of the medium chosen — the same material and structure used in construction — Tuico creates foundational blocks that, when put together, seem to create a whole or, a path that should lead you somewhere.
The deconstruction of these elements show each step of the path, a stage of being that we inhabit at any given time. Through each work, Tuico hints at the resignation to, or even acceptance of, what life may bring, depending on the paths made and taken, particularly by works named "Under the weather," which alludes to encounters of the inevitable cycle of mishaps in life, and "Take the rough with the smooth," a more obvious reference to life's uncertainties.
The objects in Concrete Evidence are similar to each other in form, but assert different ideas, imbued with sensibilities that are illuminated by their names. They signify a system, a bigger picture, and coming together, they create a story.
There is a progression in Tuico's narrative where we may arrive at this "imaginary destination." The uncertainty of where these paths lead necessitates proof, as seen in "Concrete Evidence" and "Concrete Language," to allow for movement and a continuance towards the passage, a resistance to stasis and stagnation. The satisfaction — the hopeful arrival at some destination — is met when the answers sought are received, in some manner.


, a liquid obtained by the distillation of pine tree resin, was a cheap alternative to whale oil, the common fuel for lamps. While Jolly may have been thrifty, he was astute. He noted that the stains vanished where the kerosene had soaked through the fabric. And at that moment the dry cleaning industry was born! At least so goes the possibly apocryphal tale.Dry cleaning is only dry in the sense that no water is used.Although Jolly is commonly credited with the discovery, a patent for dry scouring was actually filed in the United States by Thomas Jennings four years before the careless maid episode. Unfortunately, the patent was destroyed in a fire, so what solvent Jennings used isnt known, but it was likely either turpentine or a petroleum distillate. Jennings, the first African American to ever be granted a patent, became rich from his discovery and used his earnings to help fund the abolitionist movement.The great scourge of the dry cleaning industry was the flammability of the solvents. This was such a great problem that establishments had to be located away from populated areas. By the turn of the 20th century, the search was on for solvents that would dissolve stains and were not flammable.In 1933, Ralph Wiley was a college student working at the Dow Chemical Company in a lab where such research was being carried out. One of his jobs was cleaning glassware. One day he was confronted by a residue in a flask that defied all his cleaning efforts. No matter what he tried, a dark green greasy film remained. He brought this to the attention of his boss John Reilly who was intrigued but was too involved in other projects at the time. Eventually, when Wiley was hired by Dow as a chemist, the mysterious-material-in-the-flask project was resuscitated. Wiley and Reilly determined that molecules of vinylidene chloride, the chemical that was the focus of the dry cleaning solvent research, had combined with each other to form long chains of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC).By 1943, the two chemists managed to work out a viable synthesis of this material and christened it Saran, combining Sarah and Ann, the first names of John Reillys daughter and wife. Saran turned out to be useful as a protective layer against salty sea spray for fighter planes on aircraft carriers, as an insole for military boots and as a stain-resistant coating on car upholstery. It was in 1953 that Saran hit the public spotlight after Dow had found a way to produce polyvinylidene chloride as a thin, clear film. Saran Wrap became an instant hit as a packaging material because it was impervious to oxygen and moisture, extending the shelf life of packaged food. Furthermore, when stretched, its coiled molecules would unravel and then attempt to spring back to their original shape resulting in the films ability to cling to itself and to other surfaces.In 2004, Saran Wrap, which had been acquired from Dow by S.C. Johnson & Son, underwent a dramatic change in formulation. Although the name was retained, the wrap was now made of polyethylene instead of polyvinylidene chloride. By the companys own admission, this was an inferior product with poorer barrier and cling properties. Why the change, thenIssues had arisen about the fate of plastics that contained chlorine, and PVDC had loads of it. When exposed to high temperatures, such as in an incinerator, chlorinated plastics were found to yield highly toxic dioxins, a problem does not arise with polyethylene.Polyethylenes greater permeability to gases is not necessarily a minus. For example, in the case of packaged meat, the passage of oxygen through the plastic allows for the formation of oxymyoglobin, which has the attractive red colour people associate with fresh meat. In the absence of oxygen, deoxymyoglobin has a dark purple colour. While packaging meat for a few days in polyethylene is fine, this thin plastic is not appropriate for freezing meat, since it will allow moisture to pass through, resulting in freezer burn. But polyethylene can be formulated as straight or branched chain polymers with different densities, strengths and permeabilities. Freezer bags combine different types of polyethylene to prevent freezer burn.It would be some sort of poetic justice if the plastic bags used by dry cleaners today were made of PVDC, since that plastic was spawned by dry cleaning research. But like Saran, they are made of polyethylene. Be sure to recycle them.
Back-to-school Heat Wave Provokes Extreme Measures
Krista Wylie knew it had to be awfully hot at her childrens school when they kept coming home for lunch. It wasnt the midday cuisine that lured them from eating at school, but the air conditioning in their Toronto home. Maddie, 13, and Bennett, 9, both attend Runnymede Junior and Senior Public School. They are among thousands of sweaty, weary students who roasted in classrooms across the city during an unusually long back-to-school heat wave that finally broke Wednesday. Both children refilled their water bottles constantly, had trouble concentrating and complained of exhaustion, says their mother. Did my kids come home and throw up? No, says Wylie, co-founder of a campaign called Fix Our Schools. But did I hear lots of stories of kids vomiting? Yes I did. Things got so bad at one Toronto school that a teacher went out and spent $500 of her own money on an air conditioning unit for her classroom, which she said hit temperatures of more than 30C and left kids feeling faint. We were all dripping, lethargic, Jill Donald, a French teacher at Wilkinson Junior Public School, told CBC News this week. I think if parents knew that their kids were that hot, they wouldnt want them to come to school, she said. In the end, it wasnt effective at cooling the room, said Ryan Bird, spokesperson for the Toronto District School Board. Its my understanding she returned (the air conditioner) when it didnt do what she anticipated, he said. TDSB staff are not permitted to purchase units for classrooms or offices because of safety and electrical concerns, he added. Wylie says Fix Our Schools heard from parents around the city complaining about sweltering conditions. But she called it a tough dilemma because there are many more pressing concerns among schools across the province in chronic disrepair. And fixing structural problems has to come first. We agree with school boards on how theyre prioritizing the money theyve been given, Wylie added. But she said its important to ensure all new buildings and additions provide a working environment thats conducive to learning and teaching. Problems that surfaced in the heat wave are just another sign of a system overlooked for too long, leaving Ontario schools with a repair backlog totalling $15 billion, says Wylie. Two years ago, she said, her son Bennetts classroom was so cold at one point that his teacher turned it into a teachable moment and had kids (clad in winter coats) learn to use thermometers. The reading: 12C. The Elementary Teachers Federation of Ontario complained last week that heat and humidity were taking their toll on teachers and kids, and urged the province to make school infrastructure a priority. But Education Minister Mitzie Hunter said its up to school boards to address it. The province gave schools $1.1 billion for fixes and upgrades this summer, she said. At the Toronto Catholic board, which has a $1-billion repair backlog, spokesperson John Yan said fixing a roof or a boiler comes well ahead of something like air conditioning because you have to choose what truly affects the safety of the kids. Both Toronto public and Catholic boards have many old schools that dont have the electrical systems or architecture to accommodate window units. Investing in air conditioners for a few weeks of hot weather in June and September is not in the cards at the TDSB either, which faces $3.4 billion in repairs, said Bird.
Is It Possible to Build a Variable Swept-wing Aircraft Such That the Wing Sweeping Mechanism Can Mov
Hello there,In a sense - may I present to you the Sikorsky X-wing or X-blade! And no, it's not something used by the X-men or Luke Skywalker, it was a serious concept to make a combat vehicle that was simultaneously a helicopter as well as jet fighter, without the excessive fuel thirst of vertical jet thrust as encountered by the Harrier. A concept of the late 1970u2019s and early 1980u2019s, it meets your conception, I thinku2026This was the idea for the US Air Force u2026And the concept for the US Navy.Essentially, the X-wing would spin - variable geometry, right there - the wing producing lift in the manner of the Helicopter, using vectored jet thrust to act as a NOTAR torque control. Then, as flight speed increased, the rotors would stop at a 45-degree angle as pictured, and behave (more or less) as a fixed-wing.Since you canu2019t put flying surfaces, or allow the wing to u2018flapu2019 when in VTOL, the flight control was by computer-controlled fly-by-wire actuation of boundary layer air, effectively modifying the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor. It was worked out that a set of a few small jets on the leading and trailing edges, with exits no bigger than a pencil, and a set of bigger ones on the wing tips, worked well in simulation, and in wind tunnel testing. After these studies were done, Sikorsky did two things.1 Would the rigid rotor actually work? The answer is yes, and this was proved by building


text:
Parallel first-year courses join for consumption studies
Many Cornell students cap their academic careers with a public presentation of their research during Student Symposium. But for first-year students in parallel sociology and geology courses, a chance to practice began with their very first Cornell course.
The two First-year Seminar courses intersected around the theme of consumption, culminating in small group projects examining the way physical objects such as cars, computers, and blue jeans affect people's behavior, and the way consumer behavior impacts the world around us.
Students from both courses were brought together weekly to develop ideas and strengthen their research and presentation skills. After conducting independent research during their respective courses, they regrouped near the end of the block to integrate their work and develop a poster to present on the Orange Carpet.
One team studied the life cycle of the cacao bean. While the geology students in Emily Walsh's class focused on issues like ideal soil pH and climate for the cacao plants, Erin Davis's sociology students looked at the personal and social factors that influence chocolate consumption. Their ideas coalesced around the Fair Trade model, which aims to simultaneously benefit local ecosystems and satisfy socially-minded consumers, with better-paid farmers using more traditional farming practices as the key link.
Celeste Torrence, a member of the sociology class, said the project taught her two important lessons:
"First, everything we do is a way to represent ourselves as individuals. From how we act to the kind of chocolate we buy, it's a constant process of constructing an individuality. The second point that really affected me was realizing how my personal consumption affects others. Through what I consume, I can either support the ethical treatment of workers and development of economies, or I can support cyclical poverty."
For Rachel Moline, another course highlight was a joint field trip to nearby Abbe Hills Farm that brought home similar lessons earlier in the block.
"At first I wasn't exactly sure why we were there and what it had to do with our course," she said. "But when I understood the context—seeing her respect for the land and knowledge of local geography—it all came together and made sense in terms of how she serves her customers with a community-supported model and farming practices that are healthier for the environment and for people."


text:
Seniors at Greensboro Day School participate in a self-designed Senior Project during the last four weeks of the school year. The Senior Project provides students with the opportunity to utilize the skills they have acquired during their GDS education and explore existing passions or career possibilities before entering college. They are able to intern with non-profit organizations, government agencies, and businesses located in Greensboro, out of town, and even internationally. Seniors can also choose to work with artists, chefs, surgeons, scientists, financiers, and myriad other professionals, learning what motivates their mentors in their everyday work. The projects encourage students to practice effective written and oral communication, solve real-world problems, and learn independently.
The Senior Project is the capstone experience of a GDS education. The program is designed to address the following desired results for student learning that the faculty has established as important goals for all Greensboro Day School students:
- Effective reading and research skills
- Effective written and oral communication skills
- Collaboration and leadership skills
- Real-world problem-solving
- Creativity and entrepreneurial spirit
- Independent learning and self-knowledge


Annotation Tool
Example setup
Switching web server
Running new task
Task definition XML
Displaying annotations
Future work :)
Generic web-based annotation tool for Mechanical Turk (v0.1)
By Alexander Sorokin, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
Our tools provide general interface for annotation images. We currently support simple binary questions, bounding boxes and polygons.
Annotation process overview
Setting up the annotation process is simple. We set up a simple web server, put the web part of the tools and the data there. We define the annotation task in a simple XML file and place it on our web server as well. We install Mechanical Turk command line tools and additional helpers. After that we submit the images to Mechanical Turk and get the results back. The results are converted into XML files, which can be read by Matlab or displayed on the web.
Example setup
We use a labeling human heads as a running example. We assume that we have two machines: local (e.g. laptop) and the web server. Lets call the web server The web server only serves static web pages, javascript and flash files. As an example we can use Amazon S3 storage, which can be immediately used as such web server.
The code and the data have to be placed in very certain locations relative to our root folder:
Web location Description
code/ Contains all flash, javascript and HTML files. The only files that require editing here are instruction***.html
tasks/ Contain XML files, defining the annotation task.
frames/ Contain all images that we annotate. All frames are stored in format "video/frame.jpg". Note, that all frames must be jpeg and the extension is automatically added to the frame name.
annotations/ Contain existing annotations that we want to display on the web.
In our example, to annotate the frame frame001 from sequence sqn01, we will place the file frame001.jpg into
Now lets setup our local machine.
 1. Register at Amazon Mechanical Turk (probably put $1-$5 there for the testing)
 2. Download and install Amazon Command Line tools for Mechanical Turk. When you are done with the installation, you should be able to run
 3. Download and install command-line helpers for MTurk(see wrappers page for details). Run "source source.env" (after editing it)
 4. Extract demo-heads-local.tgz into ~/mturk_demo_faces and go there.
 5. Run -sandbox and see the tasks you requested (that are using my web server)
 6. There are several important files here:
File Description
workload.input This tab-separated file lists the images that we want to annotate. In general, this file lists variable parameters of the tasks. The first row provides the names of the columns.
workload.question Contains the URL of the page that renders the question. Notice, how ${Frame} is used. This value varies for each task. This file contatains Title, Description, Pay and other important information. We revisit it later.
workload.results The file containing all results downloaded from Mechanical Turk. It is parsed using into meaningful collection of xml files.
 1. Go to the sandbox and do your assignments.
 2. Download results: -sandbox
 3. Run parser:./ run/. This will create folder run/results with xml files containing all data from the interface.
 4. Approve and delete results ( approves all, uses workload.approve_file to approve assignments, uses workload.reject_file to reject assignments). Of course, all should be called with "-sandbox" now.
 5. To switch to production system simply omit "-sandbox".
Switching web server
 1. Replicate directory structure: code/ frames/ tasks/ annotations/
 2. Edit workload.question and
 3. That's it.
Running new task
 1. Make sure you understand and update (task title, pay, num assignments)
 2. Check the instructions (they should be as clear as possible)
 3. Test a couple examples in sandbox.
 4. Run in production and test couple examples. If they don't work, immediately remove them.
Task definition XML
Task definition consists of targets. Each target has a name and an annotation type. We have 3 types of annotations:
The target is specified as
...annotation type...
TargetName becomes the title of a button.
 1. All data comes back in user-interface coordinate frame. The image is resized to be 500 pixels on the bigger size. It is then centered in the 500x500 box. All coordinates are reported in that 500x500 box. The easy way to get image coordinates is using the matrix:
 max(imW,imH)/500 0 -max(0,(imH-imW)/2)
 0 max(imW,imH)/500 -max(0,(imW-imH)/2)
 0 0 1
In the case of 640x480 images, it's
1.28 0 0
0 1.28 -80
0 0 1
Note, that due to vector nature of flash, the 500x500 is an arbitrarily chosen coordinate system. It is unlikely to change in the near future.
 1. If you want to parse XML in Matlab, I use XMLTree. Unfortunately they don't support the attributes nicesly. Here's an example of how I deal with it.
Using Flash to display the annotations
The flash interface can display the annotations on top of images. creates results.html with proper links to displays. However for the links to work, you need to move all xml files to annotations// on the web server. See the -web pack for example or here.
Coming soon...
Let me know if you have preferences over these features.
Also, if you want and can program some of those in Flash, any help is appreciated.


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Is there anything similar to R's findInterval (or cut) in SAS, specifically in IML?
I'm converting an R program of mine that does Monte Carlo simulations to IML, and it uses findInterval to convert the numbers from the random number generator to an output state. I can write something in IML to replace it, but it's terribly slow compared to the original. This is because findInterval takes advantage of compiled C code; is there anything similar that I can use in SAS?
share|improve this question
I should probably describe what it is that findInterval does! Given a value x and a vector of sorted cutpoints vec, it finds those cutpoints that x lies between, ie which interval x falls into. More precisely, if vec[i] < x < vec[i+1], then findInterval returns i. The argument x can also be a vector, in which case it returns a vector of intervals. – Hong Ooi Feb 9 '11 at 23:04
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Are your breaks uniform (equal probability) or not? For uniform breaks, you can use ceil(k*u) where u is the vector or random uniform numbers. For example, if you want 10 observations randomly assigned to the numbers 1-4 with equal probability, you can say
y = ceil(4*ranuni(j(10,1)));
or, if you want to use the newer random number generator,
u = j(10,1); /** allocate **/
call randgen(u, "uniform"); /** fill with U[0,1] **/
y = ceil(4*u);
For unequal probability, use the "table" distribution. For example,
p = {0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2}; /** four categories with given probabilities **/
y = j(10, 1);
call randgen(y, "Table", p); /** fills with 1-4 with probability p **/
You might be interested in using the SampleWithReplace module from Chapter 13 of my book, Statistical Programming with SAS/IML software. You can download the code and see an example of its use at _URL_
Both of these techniques eliminate the need for findInterval because they produce the categories directly. If you REALLY REALLY think you need to bin the random numbers, you can use the algorithm I describe here: _URL_
share|improve this answer
Yes, that should do the trick. Thanks! – Hong Ooi Feb 23 '11 at 1:14
By the way, SAS 9.3 introduced the BIN function into the SAS/IML language. See blogs.sas.com/content/iml/2013/07/15/cut-pts-and-uneven-bins – Rick Jul 15 '13 at 17:24
Your Answer


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Analyse fat and recover files information technology essay introduction this exercise contributes to the deliverable 12 – technical report of the coursework assessment. Stellar information technology pvt what the difference between them ntfs and fat32 to partition are hard drive to fat or fat32 ntfs can't be. The ntfs file system was created an acronym that stands for new technology file all versions of windows still support fat and it's common to find drives. Choosing between ntfs, fat, and fat32 if there is a large difference in temperature or humidity en 55022 information technology equipment. Extended file allocation table (exfat) what's the difference between fat32, exfat, and ntfs //arstechnicacom/information-technology/2013/06/review-is. What is the difference between fat32, ntfs and exfat +1 the file systems fat32 and ntfs are very different fat stands for file new technology file system. Fat32, ntfs - posted in the difference in fat32 and ntfs is security aa in computer networking technology bs in information technology.
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Fat32 vs ntfs vs exfat – difference between three file systems standing for file allocation table fat32 vs ntfs vs exfat – difference. Atif sarwar at comsats institute of information technology (sahiwal campus) 4 years ago ntfs to fat32 1 ntfs to extra fat partition to ntfsthese. What is the maximum file size fat, fat32 & ntfs file systems supports what is the maximum file size fat, fat32 & ntfs file systems difference between fat.
Fat32 and ntfs are the fat32 vs ntfs: choose your own format along the way joel earned a ba in english literature and an mba in information technology from. See more of online job preparation on facebook bios and postdistinguish between fat,fat32 and ntfs essay - information technology in banking sector. Notable features of ntfs include: use of a b-tree directory scheme to keep track of file clusters information about a file's clusters and other data is stored with each cluster, not just a.
File allocation table which primarily uses the newer ntfs fat is still used in hard drives when it becomes necessary to differentiate between the original. This page gives a review of the difference between ntfs and fat filesystem ntfs = new technology file system ntfs fat32 fat16. How to quick format a drive part 1 - command prompt ntfs (new technology files. File allocation table fat16 or fat32 from fat trying to copy a file with any ads other than eas from an ntfs volume to a fat or hpfs volume gives a. Home essays a fat32 file system is the a fat32 file system is the system that is primarily used for a large usb flash drive ntfs (new technology file. Fat32 is a version of the file allocation table which is available in the difference between fat32 and ntfs new technology file system.
Operating systems use fat to locate nt file system learn about each of the five generations of computers and major technology developments that have led. What's the difference between fat32 and ntfs fat32 vs ntfs new technology almost always trumps old technology fat is 35 years old. If there is a large difference in temperature or en 55022 information technology equipment ntfs, fat, and fat32 use the information below to compare the file.
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How to evaluate integration
image evaluer.jpg (0.4MB)
The transmission of agroecological skills and the training process this involves requires respect for the development of each individual.
The development of awareness that reflexivity supposes is the first phase. Reflexivity may enable confirmation and consolidation of present skills but these are not necessarily legitimised by the holder.
It can also enable focus upon new skills which improve or negatively impact the professional activity. It may consequently enable a reorganisation of the learner's conceptions and cognitive resources for confronting a known professional situation by mobilising new skills. But it may also promote mobilisation of skills in a new situation and render the skill trans-situational by encouraging the development of the â??capable subject'.
The learner consequently has the opportunity of evaluating his/her learning. Education in agroecology therefore involves favouring selfand co-evaluation.
Psychology studies have highlighted that the process of construction of knowledge or skills induces a more or less comfortable destabilisation of the learner's cognitive edifice. We consider this to be a non-negligible dimension in the teaching-learning process which invariably creates forms of unease, conflicts at varying levels and levels of difficulty for teachers / trainers and learners alike.
Similarly, didactics studies over the past 50 years have enabled the construction of the conviction that we â??build knowledge from representations' (1). With regards to this, in the section entitled â??Formalising the perception of the concept of agroecology' we propose a series of approaches aimed at accompanying the process of conceptual transition.
â??Building knowledge from representations' involves questioning (in a didactic framework) the limits of our mental constructions and identifying the related obstacles in order to eventually reconstruct a new cognitive structure which integrates elements from such in order to make them robust, durable, operative, efficacious and efficient.
These become didactic â??guidelines' that the actors in the educational relationship master within the framework of formal education in general, and scholarly education in particular. In other words, this process is adapted in its structure to addressing scientific concepts such as Thales' Theorum or digestive and respiratory functions...
However, with regards to agroecological skills there appears to be a double movement of questioning our representations.
One that we can qualify as epistemological, given that it involves directly questioning the origin, nature, form and dynamic of the said skills; the other that we can qualify as epistemic in that it questions, in an independent manner, the content of the position that each individual is in a position to adopt in relation to the skills in question.
Evaluating a level of appropriation in such a context implies taking this double movement into account.
Therefore, on one hand the activity of evaluation naturally poses the question of references. Without making a full comparison with the teaching of a stabilised concept (such as Thales' Theorumâ?¦), evaluating the construction of an agroecological skill, given its epistemological character, would appear to exclude a standardised method of evaluation (i.e. analysis of a difference to a norm through the sole analysis of the productive element of a learning process) and invites us rather to consider a formative and qualitative approach through the analysis of the constructive element of the learning process.
Evaluation of the evolution of a level of reflexivity and/or evaluation of a level of skill development would seem to better take into account the contextualised and situated (individual, cultural, social, geographic, ecologicalâ?¦) nature of such skills and knowledge. It would therefore be pertinent to formalise evaluation tools based on multiple grids and criteria.
These would consequently break down the learning activity and distance the evaluator from considering its complexity.
On the other hand, the activity of evaluation also concerns evaluation of the position of the learners. We have insisted on the importance of preparing trainees to accept agroecological skills and the approaches to be deployed for such.
The capacity of allowing oneself to adapt a position and approach with regards to a skill is an essential element for evaluation. But it does not appear pertinent to develop multiple criteria grids to be able to analyse the level of evaluation of one person against another.
Here again a more qualitative approach would appear necessary. Individualised interviews, writing workshops, practical analysis workshops, explanation periods... enabling identification of the elements that have evolved for each individual.
The documents proposed in this section place the accent on these qualitative and formative evaluation procedures. These tools invite the teacher to â??let go' in a certain manner, to abandon the illusion of control, by giving more room to methods of self-, coeven eco-evaluation.
(1) A reference to the work of G. Bachelard (1938). This may allow the reader to consider that there exists, beyond the representation, an ultimate and standardised goal in terms of knowledge or skills to be developed. However, with regards to agroecological skills, we have developed the conviction that the breadth of possibilities in terms of knowledge and skills cannot enable teachers / trainers to image a specific goal. This specific characteristic makes it difficult to deploy an educational environment turned towards a unique and definitive objectiveâ?¦
Furthering your discovery of training itinerary :
@ Position of trainer as an expert or objectivist paradigm
@ Position of accompaniment or subjectivist paradigm
@ Position of trainer as a facilitator or socio-critical paradigm
@ Combining different positions
@ Exploring agroecological knowledge


with the user inputting â€œmovie show timesâ€ may be boosted for that user. Consequentially, based on this example, the corresponding context cluster probability of the context cluster to which the query belongs may likewise be boosted concerning that user.
It's not easy to tell whether the examples I provided about movies above are related to this patent or if it is tied more closely to the search results that appear in Google Assistant results. It's worth reading through and thinking about potential experimental searches to see if they might influence the results that you may see. Interestingly, Google may attempt to anticipate what is suggests to show to us as query suggestions, after showing us search results based upon what it believes are our interests based upon searches that we have performed or interests that we have identified for Google Assistant.
The context cluster may be related to the location and time that someone accesses the search engine. The patent provides an example of what might be seen by the searcher like this:
In the current example, the user may be in the location of MegaPlex, which includes a department store, restaurants, and a movie theater. Additionally, the user context may indicate that the user event was initiated on a Friday at 6 PM. Upon the user initiating the user event, the search system and/or context cluster system may access the content cluster data 214 to determine whether one or more context clusters is to be provided to the user device as an input selection based at least in part on the context of the user. Based on the context of the user, the context cluster system and/or search system may determine, for each query in each context cluster, a probability that the user will provide that query and aggregate the probability for the context cluster to obtain a context cluster probability.
In the current example, there may be four queries grouped into the â€œMoviesâ€ cluster, four queries grouped into the "Restaurants" cluster, and three queries grouped into the "Dept. Store" cluster. Based on the analysis of the content cluster data, the context cluster system may determine that the aggregate probability of the queries in each of the "Movies" clusters, "Restaurant" cluster, and "Dept. Store" cluster have a high enough likelihood (e.g., meet a threshold probability) to be input by the user, based on the user context, that the context clusters are to be presented to the user for selection input in the search engine web site.
I could see running such a search at a shopping mall, to learn more about the location I was at, and what I could find there, from dining places to movies being shown. That sounds like it could be the start of an interesting adventure.
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34 thoughts on "Context Clusters in Search Query Suggestions"
 1. Fascinating article and insights. I've been running some tests myself as context clusters are underused for client seo. Producing content that are supporting topics to your chosen core topic is so vital today and that is apparent with the patent you mentioned.
 2. Very nice article. I like your writing style. I am also a blogger. I always admire you. You are my idol.
 Thanks for the post.
 3. Amazing Article, Bill! I was curious about Context Clusters, but i couldn't an explanation like you did anywhere else. Thank you! This will certainly help me with seo knowledge in search queries. Keep up the good work!
 4. Bill, what is your suggestion to small business owners who are trying to navigate the big world of Google? I read through your article and wanted to forward it to my web guy to ask if this is something we need to be concerned with. How does one grow their knowledge of the search engine and help position their company at the top. Thank you again for this article.
 5. Hi Barry,
 Business owners who decide to conduct business online can find it a competitive advantage to learn as much as they can about Google, Bing, and other potential sources of traffic to their sites. This means spending time on the blogs that each publishes, and the many support pages that each offers, including webmaster guidelines, and developer's pages. Google has webmaster evangelists such as John Mueller and Gary Illyes, who both answer questions at places like Twitter, and on the Google Webmaster Help forums. Paying attention to sources such as these can bring access to the latest news, and helpful advice from Google. The Google Search Console provides many tools filled with data about your site (same with Google Analytics) and that is worth spending time learning about, and using both to learn about traffic to your sites. Bing has Bing Webmaster Tools, which also provides information about your site from Bing's perspective.
 In addition to learning as much as possible about sources of traffic to your site from search engines, there are places like Pinterest and Twitter and Facebook that may be worth looking into as well. Social networks can be another way your customers can reach out to you, and use to learn more about what goods and/or services that you offer. Using such sources to build positive relationships with you audience can be helpful as well.
 Also, when it comes to your customers, try to find the places that they might frequent on the Web and talk about things like the goods and services that you offer. What you might learn from them in those places may change how you offer what you do. Being alert and aware can provide divendends.
 With this post, it is about how Google may be working on making how it works with knowledge panels and structured data better – Google is always working on improving how it does what it does. If you don't have a knowledge panel for your business, haven't been using Google My Business to verify your business, and to use Google posts in a knowledge panel about your business, those are a couple of steps along Google's efforts along the knowledge graph. It may give your web guy some ideas about how to start preparing for those days. The Google Developer's Pages have a lot of informmation about using structured data that your web guy might find a good starting point – those may be worth looking into, because Google is going through changes, and is finding ways to evolve what they offer. Knowing where they might go, and knowing as much about your audience as possible are both things that can be very helpful to small busisness owners.
 6. We've been doing a lot of work around clustering for content based on topics and intent, so it was interesting to read about how Google might cluster search query suggestions based on context. We've never dived too deep into the technical details of how Google and its algorithm links words, topics and searches together, just understood that they do and followed a common sense approach to how these relate to better SEO. What I found most interesting from your article though was the idea that context clusters would appear before someone started typing, based on things like the user history and location – is that right? Could Google really build up enough individual user and location-specific data that it would effectively become a personalised search engine for each user that can pre-empt what they need/are going to ask for? Not sure whether to be fascinated or slightly unnerved.
 7. Hi Matt,
 The inventor of this patent was working on the Google Assitant, which provides a news feed that focuses upon your stated interests, and your search history, so the idea that they might provide context clusters before you start typing shouldn't be surprising. I go though the Google Now news feed at least a couple of times a day, and it often provides opportunities to update my interests. Usually, they do a pretty good job of providing me with information that I am interested in. I haven't had to set up alerts, and they are showing me thing I am interested in seeing. I think that is kind of nice.
 8. Hey Bill,
 Thanks for wonderful informative content,
 for me, it really adds huge value in terms of my knowledge towards google search query.
 looking forward to expanding my knowledge with your content.
 Thanks a lot,
 9. Bill, this is super interesting stuff. Trying to understand the searcher's intent behind a keyword is a massive difficulty when you try to make keyword's research at scale. This hints that the Google Auto-Complete really is closer and closer to expose the searcher's intent. However, the autocomplete API is long gone 🙁
 10. Hi Bill,
 I am new here and recently read your articles. You always try to share the informative article, anyway I didn't know about context clusters after reading this I got few ideas.
 11. Always waited for this moment to arrive. So this blog was quite helpful and informative thanks to the author keep posting such content.
 12. Wow, a topic I personally find to be supporting the very heart of Google's search results. My opinion anyway. INTENT is a consideration that the SEO community must expertly study and understand on behalf of our trusted clients. Again, my opinion. I want to thank you Bill Slawski, for making that a bit easier with the content you share here… Actually, including consideration of "Query Suggestions " in our SEO began from information shared by you. Thanks, DUDE!
 13. The structural data does not appear or appear according to the keyword. When you observe it for a long time, it can be felt as a complex algorithm.
 14. Amazed!
 The quality of information you have delivered in this blog is remarkable. I enjoyed reading it and will definitely suggest my friends to go through this blog for once.
 Thanks for sharing.
 15. I love the way you get that little extra bit of juice from an article by doing some additional digging into the social profiles of the creators of


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Dot with a jigsaw fitting in the ProdPad piece
How ProdPad Fits With Double Diamond Discovery
This is part of our "How ProdPad Fits" pages. See our other "How ProdPad Fits" pages.
What is product discovery?
Product discovery is a process used by many product teams, which allows them to understand and validate their ideas. It takes a step back from the delivery process and helps answer the question "what problem are we trying to solve?" by involving customers in the validation process.
Why is product discovery important?
It's important for your team to add space and time for a solid discovery process to avoid risking business failure and to reduce the likelihood of tech debt. That is, without really finding out market demands, you risk building things nobody wants, needs or buys.
By aligning the product discovery process to your product strategy, you then have the ability to build features that solve real-world problems.
How does the product discovery process work?
Product discovery is one step that fits in a larger product process. Regardless of the methodology or framework your team might be using, generally the product discovery process fits in what's called a double diamond discovery process.
This double diamond discovery consists of two diamonds divided into four distinct phases: Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver.
Double Diamond Discovery
How ProdPad Fits
ProdPad was designed with discovery in mind. It gives teams a dedicated space to understand what they're working on and why – and above all, help answer what problems they're trying to solve.
ProdPad works on the concept of ideas. Ideas may be experiments or opportunities your team has to solve a real-world problem.
By asking "what problem are you trying to solve" on all new ideas added, you give your team the ability to focus on the problem space rather than the solution space.
Linking those ideas to feedback collected from your customers and team gives you the necessary insights to validate those problems, ensuring you're focusing and prioritizing items accordingly.
One popular approach to that running discovery might be using Teresa Torres' Opportunity Solution Tree (we've blogged about using it with ProdPad here).
Once you start with a solution idea, you will run the necessary validation and user testing on it and begin to iterate, validating as you go, to determine what the final solution might look like.
ProdPad supports you by allowing you to add prototypes from your design team, alongside functional specs and user stories that will help you define that potential solution. If you're using Jobs to be Done, this is an excellent opportunity to define those outcomes!
When your ideas are spec'd and you're ready for the implementation phase, ProdPad allows you to send those specs over to your development team with a click of a button. Our integrations and API give you a connection into your execution tool of choice, giving your dev team all the information they need to hit the ground running.
As items move through the execution pipeline and are delivered, ProdPad will receive the sync back from the integration and keep your team up to date. Most importantly, you have the ability to also keep your customers up to date by closing the feedback loop.
Want to see how ProdPad Fits in your world?


The influence of the air high moisture content of air compressor
by：Atlas Greenair Screw Air Compressor 2021-01-29
Users in general, the air compressor into the air moisture content the indicators are concerned with compressed air, the water content of the finished product working environment of air moisture content may not get enough attention, in fact, air moisture content on the machine can produce very big effect, moisture content is too high will produce harm is as follows: 1, the volumetric efficiency of the air; 2, air moisture air compression narrow pathways, thus increasing the air flow resistance; 3, wet air, less than the same volume of weight of dry air. When the compressed air after cooler air tank and piping most of the water vapor is frozen, so the weight calculation of production capacity will drop; 4, the moisture in the air because of containing metal ions, such as ion of Yin and Yang, has higher corrosion resistance, the air compressor of spare parts and pneumatic machine is easy to rust, shorten its service life; 5, the moisture in the air in the compression process after mixed with oil, reduce lubrication efficiency, increase the parts ( Such as rotor) Wear and tear, not only in the glue with circulation lubrication packing can lead to bad sealing, and makes lubricating oil metamorphism; 6, go against machine is compressed, the air compressor in the part of the spare parts and pneumatic mechanical suffered from the impact of water, if the cylinder and the excessive water cooler storage, also can cause the damage of the spare parts of air compressor; 7, air supply system with water, if the temperature below zero degrees centigrade, water will freeze in the duct wall, in the same way, make narrow diameter. Worse, sometimes even cause individual piping completely frozen, hinder the individual section of the work. Therefore, the quality of the compressed air is not only determined by its pressure, at the same time, it is determined by its humidity. That is some air high water content will influence on the air compressor, for your reference.
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Child Labor and Poverty Transmission: No Room For Dreams
It is widely believed that poverty is the main reason for child labor. Children work to ensure the survival of their families and themselves. However, little is known about the impact of child labor on poverty transmission. This paper explores the transmission of poverty through child labor. The main findings of the paper are that parents who were child laborers themselves are more likely to send their children out to work. Children are twice as likely to work if their parents were child laborers. Thus, the results suggest that child labor perpetuates inter-generational poverty.
|Date of creation:||Mar 2001|
|Date of revision:||Mar 2001|
|Publication status:||Published by The Economic Research Forum (ERF)|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: 21 Al-Sad Al Aaly St. Dokki, Giza|
Web page: _URL_
More information through EDIRC
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:0108. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Namees Nabeel)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.


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When processing a pre-tax deduction for salary sacrifice purposes, if you have set the payment type to 'manual' or 'bank account', it means these payments aren't being reported to the ATO as RESC payments. To make it more difficult, these instances are only usually noticed at EOFY when the final STP event is being published.
NB: As at 4 November 2020 we made changes to the RESC deduction category in order to help users avoid incorrectly allocating RECS deductions to anything other than a super fund. This article provides detailed information about these changes.
If however, these payments were made before these changes, you are able to perform the below functions via pay events in order to fix them.
Correcting RESC values within a pay event
This action can be used for fixing incorrectly allocated payment methods against super salary sacrifice payments. Payments that have been set up to be paid to a 'bank account' or'manually' will not appear in the pay/update event as RESC. Once you have created your update/pay event the process to fix this is:
- Select the Actions > Correct RESC values option:
- Select the employee you need to make the correction for and either one of, or any, relevant deduction categories:
- Show deductions - will display a list of all the incorrectly allocated deductions for the current financial year:
- Once the relevant deduction/s have been selected, a 'Change the payment method of these deductions to this superfund' section will appear with a drop-down list of all the super funds that are listed for the employee. Once the required super fund has been selected click on the 'Change payment method' button:
- Click on 'Yes' to confirm the number of deductions and the super fund they will be allocated to. NOTE - this action cannot be undone!
- Once the confirmation modal is closed the pay event will update automatically:
To find out more about RESC contributions, see this article.
If you have any questions/comments let us know via _EMAIL_


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Advocacy groups: Organizations formed to influence the legislation or Government policies on particular issues are commonly known as 'advocacy groups'. Advocacy groups do not classify as charitable organizations and as such cannot claim tax exemption under section 501(c)(3). Selective tax exemptions are available under different clauses of Section 501 (c) for such organizations.
Auxiliary organizations: Organizations which are set as a subsidiary or as a support organization to a parent organization. The parent organization may be a 'for-profit' or a 'not-for-profit' organization.
Employee Benefit Funds: These are organizations which may or may not be supported by the employer of the organization but are established with the prime objective to formulate plans and raise funds for employee benefits.
Membership Organizations: Organizations set up for the benefit of it constituent members as opposed to a public charities that work for the community. Examples include – Veteran's groups, Trade Associations etc.
Recreational Clubs: Organizations for providing recreation facilities and platform for its members. Charitable activities may also be undertaken but not as a priority. Examples include – country clubs, sports club etc.
Quasi Non profit organizations: Organizations with a hybrid or mix structure of different types of profit and non organization structures.
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The increasing role of functional safety in complex machine design
Mechatronics and safety: Proper application of safety standards is required to attain CE Marking, vital for machines placed in Europe. See the five steps to self certification.
One of the biggest challenges facing U.S. machine builders is the transition from the old safety standard EN954-1 to the new ISO 13849-1 or IEC 61061 safety standards. Proving conformity with these safety standards helps a machine builder obtain a CE Mark, required for placing machines in Europe. Achieving a CE Mark need not be difficult if the right steps are taken.
The new standards are used to demonstrate conformity to the European Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC for safety-related parts of a control system (SRP/CS). This functional safety approach to machine design is a necessary response to the changing complexity of automation and the increasing role of new software-based controllers in carrying out integrated safety functions. While the task of designing the safety control system has become a bit more complicated, functional safety offers a more flexible method to design the SRP/CS and to mitigate hazards with safety functions.
Although the use of functional safety concepts has its origins in the process control industry, this approach for machinery-specific implementation is gaining momentum with machine builders. But with two years of implementation now passed, there are still many machine and robot builder OEMs in the U.S. struggling to understand the Machinery Directive and how to implement the standard(s) to show conformity on the way to CE Marking.
Bottom line for U.S. manufacturers looking to place machines in the EU market: You have to build your machinery such that the essential health and safety requirements in the Machinery Directive are met. This overview of designing for the Machinery Directive includes references and suggestions for those requiring more detailed information, and provides best practices for others.
Applicable directives, standards
The safety of machinery depends to a large extent on the correct application of directives and standards. In Europe the national legal requirements are harmonized by European directives, such as the Machinery Directive. Such directives describe general requirements that are specified in more detail by standards.
The directives define basic objectives and requirements and are kept as technologically neutral as possible. In the area of health and safety at work and machine safety, the following directives have been published:
- Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC – aimed at the manufacturers of machinery
- Work Equipment Directive 2009/104/EC – aimed at organizations that operate machinery
- EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
- Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC
Manufacturers must take into account the integration of safety during the design process. In practice, this means that the designer makes a risk assessment as early as the machine's development phase. The resulting measures can then flow directly into the design.
CE Marking Machinery and the conformity assessment procedure under the Directive can take several paths, depending on the type and risk level of the machine.
5 steps to self-certify a machine
Most machines are not listed in Annex IV of the Machinery Directive and can therefore take the self-certification route, which requires the manufacturer to complete these five steps:
- Perform a risk assessment
- Demonstrate conformity to the Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) of Annex I, or against the requirements of applicable C-type harmonized standards.
- Compile all technical documentation into a Technical File
- Complete an EC Declaration of Conformity
- Affix the CE Mark
This procedure does not involve the intervention of a Notified Body, but the manufacturer or an authorized representative may choose to seek independent advice or assistance as necessary to carry out the conformity assessment of the machinery. Any technical report(s) generated must be included in the Technical File.
Directives describe basic requirements, and A, B, and C level harmonized standards demonstrate conformity to the directives. A list of harmonized standards is available. Figure 1 shows the basic A, B, and C level harmonized standards typically applied.
If a C-type standard exists for a machine-such as ISO 10218-1:2011 Robots and Robotic Devices - Safety requirements for industrial robots-then this standard has priority over all other A and B-type standards and any information in these guidelines. In these cases, only the C-type standard applies.
While the use of standards is not mandatory, the selection of a standard and its correct application is the surest way to obtain conformance with the relevant EHSRs. The end user is still responsible for ensuring that the equipment complies with the directives and that the standards were applied correctly.
Performing risk assessment
The first step on the path to a CE Mark is a risk assessment. When designing a machine, analyze the possible risks and, where necessary, add protective measures to protect the operator from any hazards that may exist.
To aid a machine manufacturer with this task, ISO 12100:2010 defines and describes the process of risk assessment, including risk estimation and risk evaluation. A risk assessment is a sequence of logical steps that permit systematic analysis and evaluation of risks.
The aim of the risk assessment is to:
- Identify hazards
- Identify tasks associated with each hazard
- Determine whether a risk reduction is necessary or not
- Determine how the required risk reduction shall be reached
- Identify safety functions
- Determine the Required Performance Level (PLr).
The documented outcome of the risk assessment is critical when risk reduction measures are implemented by devices that perform safety functions. The machine must be designed and built taking into account the results of the risk assessment.
Section 6 of ISO 12100:2010 outlines applying inherently safe design measures for control systems. It states that the design measures of the control system shall be chosen so that their safety-related performance provides a sufficient amount of risk reduction. To prevent hazardous machine motion and to achieve safety functions, the design of control systems shall comply with the principles and methods presented in subclause 6 and shall be applied as appropriate to the circumstances (see ISO 13849-1, IEC 60204-1, and IEC 62061).
Determining the PLr for the system defines the performance of control components and their integration into the control system for the SRP/CS. The performance level is defined in five discrete steps, from "a" to "e" (Figure 2), and is calculated via a complex formula. The PLr depends on the structure of the control system, the reliability of the components used, the ability to detect failures, and resistance to multiple common cause failures in multiple channel control systems. In addition, further measures to avoid design faults are required.
Documenting calculations for the PLr is an essential part in building the Technical File for the machine. While these calculations can be a bit complex, there is a free software program (Safety Integrity Software Tool for the Evaluation of Machine Applications, or SISTEMA) from IFA, an institute for research and testing of the German Social Accident Insurance.
The IFA website includes information and examples on how to install and use the software. A critical step in the correct use of SISTEMA is the inclusion of component manufacturer libraries that list their devices for use with the software. This aids in the reliability calculations of safety devices used in performing safety functions. Current manufacturers' device libraries can be found on the IFA website as well as on the manufacturers' own web sites.
After the PLr is established for various machine functions, the designer must make sure the safety systems meet either ISO 13849-1 or IEC 62061 requirements. Table 1 from ISO 13849-1 summarizes the scope of applications for IEC 62061 and ISO 13849-1.
Functional safety methods found in ISO 13849-1 give guidance to design adjustments that define what a safe control circuit is. ISO13849-1 can be applied to all areas of the SRP/CS, including hydraulic and pneumatic components when analyzing the complete safety system.
The advantage of using these standards is that it allows design engineers to adjust their safety circuit structure and the quality of their chosen safety or even non-safety devices according to the level of risk defined by the PLr. This eliminates over-engineering and ensures the proper application of both safety and non-safety rated devices.
See next page for an application photo, diagram, and more about Declaration of Conformity and affixing a CE Mark.


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Video: A Conversation with Amiri Baraka
During the Civil Rights Movement these two men were fighting to put an end to the practices of discrimination. While Amiri Baraka did it from New York, Sala Udin did it from Holmes County, Mississippi and Pittsburgh.
Baraka founded the Black Arts Movement, which advocated independent black writing, publishing, and artistic institutions. In 1966 he set up the Spirit House Players, which produced, among other works, two of his plays against police brutality. Then Sala Udin—a man who, among other things, fought for starting Black Studies at the University of Pittsburgh—used to take young people to those performances. Many of these people went back to change their cities, inspired by the work of "the father of the Black Arts Movement," as Baraka is known.
Almost fives decades later, in June 2011, it was Baraka who came to Pittsburgh to read at the poetry event that Cave Canem and City of Asylum/Pittsburgh hosted on the North Side. Sala Udin, a former Pittsburgh City Councilman, sat down with him to discuss politics, the future of black art, and the consequences of making political art in America. Their lively conversation is sprinkled with personal memories, sharp political commentary, and humor.
Because it is a unique opportunity to have two figures of the Civil Rights Movement in the same room to talk about that period and their lives afterward, Sampsonia Way presents this interview unedited and uncut.
Read the interview, A Conversation with Amiri Baraka, in the current issue of Sampsonia Way.