Interpretations of The Fangly Snafferdoo
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The Fangly Snafferdoo is an epic poem of early 21st century literature, in the style of Lewis Caroll's "Hunting of the Snark" with a distinct Seussian influence indicative of people with way too much time on their hands who think they know something. It has created much controversy as to it's possible hidden meanings and contradictory interpretations among literary scholars who specialize in amateur Internet publications of the period such as "blogs" and "tweets" which descended from the pamphlet press of the 15th-20th centuries.
Absurdist/existentialist interpretation[edit]
The total incoherence of the narrative is a metaphor for all of human history: that everything man thinks he has achieved is but sound and fury, signifying nothing, just like how the poem doesn't mean anything. The stage is set for a great epic battle between the hunters and what they hunt which turns out to be trivial and unimportant.
Conspiracy theorist (paranoid) interpretation[edit]
The poem deals with the theme of mind control as when the Snafferdoo can read the hunter's minds and eventually manipulates the whole world. Also, the poem itself is an example of what they want you to think listen to me i am giong to tell you the truth so listen closely before i disappear because they're coming for me now the first thin you need to do is
Dialectical/Hegelian interpretation[edit]
The Snafferdoo cools itself by lying in the sun, which is what most animals do to get warmer. It comes from a land where boiling magma causes icicles to form. The theme of strange temperatures and opposites eventually resolving into a harmony is an allegory of Hegel's concept of the historical dialectic where the thesis and the synthesis conflict with one another but eventually form the synthesis.
Environmentalist interpretations[edit]
Snafferdoo's journey as metaphor for animal rights[edit]
The Snafferdoo seems to be perfectly content in it's natural habitat until it is invaded by man, who trick it into coming to the Zoo to become enslaved by the ways of man who are spoiling the planet. Yet man does not entirely control nature as he thinks, for it's cage is made of cardboard and it has let man win - "chess" in the final line representing the eventual rebellion of the animals against man and the establishment of animal rights. Even though it has been brought to the Zoo, the Snafferdoo is quite capable of competing on an equal level with man and it's talents may cause the children, hunters and zookeepers to realize it's worth as life.
Dire prophecy of climate change[edit]
The "saltless seas" and strange, contradictory temperatures are references to what is happening to the entire Earth due to man's attempts to "make a buck" at the expense of the environment.
Feminist interpretation[edit]
The hunters are male and the Snafferdoo is female. The goals of the hunters to kill or subjugate the Snafferdoo represents male chauvinism but the Snafferdoo's interest in games and competition represents the advancement of women despite the sexist oppression they face.
Freudian interpretation[edit]
The poem is a form of psychosexual expression of the author's deep-seated subconscious wish-fulfillment.
Which is what Freudians say about everything. Also, Rule 34 applies.
Marxist interpretation[edit]
The hunters are bourgeoisie, mercilessly exploiting the proletariat Snafferdoo to "make a buck." It could become the world chess champion without being subjugated to the decadent Zoo of the capitalists if it lived under a more progressive, communist regime.
Objectivist interpretation[edit]
The Fangly Snafferdoo is a story of achievement. The hunters set out on a noble quest to achieve all that life has to offer them (to "make a buck") and meet the Snafferdoo, who is lost in a strange world of mystics. The saltlessness of the sea and the hotness and coldness of the strange land it lives in are symbols of mysticism: things that cannot be understood by reason. The hunters and the Snafferdoo together come to an agreement for their mutual benefit in a form of trade, for clearly the Snafferdoo agrees to come along with them. In the end, the poem demonstrates the virtues of competition by praising the Snafferdoo's ambitions once it has freed itself of the prison of mysticism. Its new home in the Zoo isn't really a prison, for its "cage" is made of cardboard. The strange, faroff island is the real prison and only its own ignorance has kept it there. Now that it is no longer subjugated by mysticism and has high ambitions, its potential is unlimited.
Pacifistic interpretation[edit]
Violence seems about to erupt between the hunters and the Snafferdoo until it proposes a nonviolent way to resolve their conflict. This shows that war is never the answer.
Pro-Life interpretation[edit]
The Fangly Snafferdoo is a parody of modern society's objectification of the concept of personhood. Throughout the work, the Snafferdoo is referred to as an "it" rather than as a "he" or a "she." The hunters believe it is a mere object that can be killed for their own convenience, but the Snafferdoo exhibits traits of personhood. In the end, it is adopted instead of being killed, and it achieves great things. Thus, the Snafferdoo is rather like the unborn, who can reach unknown potential if crisis pregnancies end in adoption rather than abortion.
"The Snafferdoo Code:" Probing the Hidden Secrets of the Island of Hot and Cold[edit]
Hidden within the poem is a series of hidden messages that reveal that whatever the person who discovered them wanted them to be saying is what they are really saying.and that whatever everyone else has always believed the poem is about is naive and unsophisticated. This will enable whoever discovered "The Snafferdoo Code" to sell lots of books and appear on TV.


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The origins of the Franciscan Order are in the penitential movement that pre-dated Saint
Francis by 600 years. Early biographies of Saint Francis of Assisi relate the wisdom that prompted him to establish three
distinct patterns of Gospel life. When penitents asked for spiritual direction, he offered guidelines that became the foundation of
the third form of Gospel life. Franciscan lay penitents began living in community, professing vows, and doing works of charity.
Francis was capable of expanding his vision to allow for different lifestyles. His was an inclusive vision and everyone can share
his inspiration concerning the Mystery of Salvation. The fruit of this flexibility and zeal is found in the many religious
congregations within the Third Order Regular. The distinctions among the three Franciscan Orders do not imply status, but
emphases in spirituality and mission. (Rule of the Third Order of the Franciscan Brothers and Sisters).
The Franciscan Sisters of Peace, who follow Christ after the example of Saint Francis and Saint Clare of Assisi, are rightly
called latter-day penitents, who wish to incarnate one of several aspects of Franciscan Gospel life, namely, peace. Peace is the
fruit of a life based on four fundamental values: contemplative prayer, conversion, poverty, and minority (humility).
Fraternity (community) is the social reality of committed relationships in which our Sisters live out their Gospel witness.
In 1865, three Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart came from Gemona, Italy to New York City to minister to the
needs of German immigrants. In 1890, the Sisters founded the Saint Francis Province in Peekskill, New York. In 1986, 112
vowed women of the Saint Francis Province co-founded an Institute that embodies a new expression of the charism of Saint
Francis: peace. The Franciscan Sisters of Peace are rooted in the pioneering spirit, faith and trust in Divine Providence
characteristic of the early pioneering sisters.
The founding Franciscan Sisters of Peace and Associates

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


| Easy Ways To Activate Netflix
First of all, let's talk about what is Netflix and How to activate Netflix via Netflix is a USA streaming app and in it, you get to see a lot of English movies which are released a few days later or they have their own series and there are many TV shows. You can take all of that in-jokes, so why is Netflix different from others and why is Netflix also its name, then the reason behind it Netflix has the best video quality and also on mobile, you can watch it in very good quality.
Once you create your Netflix account you can stream movies and TV shows to your Samsung TV or Blu ray player, you can instantly stream thousands of TV episodes and movies at the touch of a button to activate your account you will need a wired or wireless internet connection, a Samsung TV or Blu ray player with Samsung's Internet TV, and an active unlimited Netflix account. You can follow these steps also on Roku.
 1. Press the Internet TV button on your remote and then select the Netflix app, and press Enter.
 2. And window appears asking if you are a member of Netflix. If you select No, you will be offered a free trial and a unique activation code will be displayed. If you select Yes, a unique activation code is displayed.
 3. Once you have copied down the activation code, go to your computer and log on to
 4. If you are not signed in to your account, a screen will ask you to sign in before you can enter the activation code. Otherwise, if you're logged in the activation screen will appear and you can enter the code displayed on your TV.
 5. After you enter the code click on Activate activation will take approximately one minute, as the account is activated, you will see a message on your TV retrieving movies from the queue.
 6. Once the account is activated, a confirmation screen will display on your computer.
 7. Now from your TV, you can select a movie or program you will save to your queue and begin Watching. Please note, you must use your computer to add movies to your Netflix queue.


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Transmission of jewelry techniques and symbols within a Hopi family of jewelers
Hellyer, Christine Frances
MetadataShow full item record
This study examined the methods in which the techniques utilized in the creation of Hopi jewelry were transmitted within generations of one Hopi family. The qualitative methodologies of ethnography and narrative inquiry were used to explore the questions: (1) How are the symbols and techniques of the Hopi overlay designs being transmitted within generations of a Hopi family of jewelers?, and (2) How can the teaching methods utilized by this Hopi family of jewelers inform jewelry curriculum in a public school setting? The study was conducted within one family of jewelers to seek understanding of the pedagogical means utilized and to ascertain if the methods employed are applicable to a classroom setting. In an attempt to experience the teaching methods used, I became an active participant and interned with the patriarch of the family. The jeweler had also begun teaching one of his granddaughters so I was able to witness his teaching style as he conducted her lessons as well. In addition to my experience of being an intern, interviews were conducted with three family members and the lessons were also videotaped. Analysis revealed that lessons were not usually conducted in a formal setting as we see in a traditional classroom. Instead, most of the lessons were learned by the younger family members by observing the older family members. The setting was more akin to an apprenticeship and would be very difficult to replicate in a classroom.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Historical Terms
Historical Terms
(Russian, istorizmy), words designating objects, things, or phenomena that do not exist today. The Russian words tiun (tax collector) and bortnichat' (to gather the honey of wild bees), for example, have now disappeared from the language, although they occur as historical terms in descriptions of ancient Rus'.
Historical terms may be hundreds of years old, for example, smerd (peasant in ancient Russia), boyar, and bratina (a globe-shaped vessel for beverages used at communal feasts), or they may be only a few decades old, for instance, nepman, likbez (campaign against illiteracy), and prodnalog (tax in kind). Unlike archaisms, historical terms do not have semantic equivalents in the modern language. Historical terms are usually employed for stylistic effect in literary works on historical themes, for example, "the princes in shishaki (spiked helmets) rode about, while the kmety (peasant warriors) shod in bast sandals repulsed the foes in fierce fighting" (N. Aseev).
Kalinin, A. V. Leksika russkogo iazyka, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1971. Pages 102–07.
Mikhailovskaia, N. G. "Ustarevshie slova." Russkaia rech', 1972, no. 6.
References in periodicals archive?
For many people one of the most beautiful and in historical terms one of the most interesting towns in Slovakia.
Her study dovetails with the spatial turn that environmental concerns have bequeathed the humanities today, she says, but the stakes were very different in historical terms, because gardens in early Netherlandish art deeply animated bodily moralization for devout viewers, who were taught that their salvation was contingent on physical normativity and carnal control.
Athlon Sports led its list with the most significant moment in historical terms: Jackie Robinson breaking MLB's color barrier on opening day in 1947.
In historical terms, the principle of sovereignty was fairly undermined by the duo of superpowers in their contest for hegemony.
economy, in historical terms, is "overdue" for some kind of contraction.
"As a locomotive, Billy's value in historical terms has been increased, not just because it's the world's third oldest, but because it feels like we have George Stephenson's signature on it.
In historical terms, the shootings at schools and nightclubs are footnotes to the slaughter of millions of innocents worldwide by tyrannical regimes that earlier had foisted gun control on citizens.
While the figures have increased, statisticians claim these rates remain low in historical terms, with 6,313 infant deaths being recorded in 1986.
While the figures have increased, statisticians say rates remain low in historical terms, with 6,313 infant deaths in 1986.
While the figures have increased overall statisticians claim these rates remain low in historical terms, with 6,313 infant deaths being recorded in 1986.
Chairman ZvizdiA said that Austria was important for BiH in every respect, in economic, political, cultural and historical terms. He said that for a number of years the Austrian companies were the biggest investors in Bosnia and Herzegovina and expressed the expectation that this positive trend will be maintained, the BiH Council of Ministers said.
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Mercenary Breed was originally presented as a space opera or sci-fi action and adventure toolkit. When I started developing the Hastilion Expanse campaign, it became very clear to me that the universal-styling of Mercenary Breed could easily be applied across multiple science fiction subgenres and themes. This could include settings, campaigns, or even individual missions. It was so easy for me to create a military sci-fi and sci-fi horror missions within the space opera campaign that when planning 2.0, I knew I wanted to expand on those ideas.
To embrace this universal application, there is an entire chapter within the Mercenary's Handbook dedicated to applying different subgenres and themes to Mercenary Breed and how to use the mercenary framework. This 44-page chapter not only provides direction for applying different styles and themes to Mercenary Breed, it also discusses different character archetypes for those themes (to be previewed next week). This whole thing is presented in a universal way, without Savage Worlds mechanics, that it can actually be applied across the board with any science fiction game and setting.
From its beginnings, Mercenary Breed was designed to create sci-fi action and adventure with a mix of the dramatic, also known as space opera. After developing the Hastilion Expanse campaign, it became obvious that the toolkits and sandbox setting could actually be used to develop all types of science fiction settings and campaigns. It is thus that Mercenary Breed is growing out of its space opera roots to encompass a wide array of themes and flavoring for settings, missions, and campaigns.
To begin, it is imperative to understand what type of campaign (or overall setting) the GM is attempting to recreate. Does the action focus on a single planet where war is eminent? Or do the mercenaries travel across a galactic sector to perform missions that ultimately benefit the corporation?
Choosing a campaign theme is a good place to start as it establishes the framework that drives the overall story arc. This framework could be recreated as a background storyline always moving as the mercenaries perform various missions. Or it could be recreated as the underlying purpose of each mission, moving the corporation closer to the end of the campaign and the finale of their motivations. What these motivations are can alter the campaign theme, such as settlement of a new sector, expansion of the corporation across recently settled planets, or the complete domination of whatever planet they are headquartered on.
However, one thing to keep in mind is that choosing a campaign theme does not mean every single mission follows that theme. It could simply mean the campaign theme drives the back story while the mercenaries perform missions that may or may not serve to further that back story. The final design is ultimately up to the GM, but it should provide the mercenaries with a reason as to why they've been hired into the mercenary force.
Exploring a galaxy, or a region within a galaxy, starts with space travel. Space travel campaigns consist of exploration across unknown, uncharted, recently discovered, or even hostile environments. The purpose could range widely from searching for planets to settle to clearing the region of all hostile threats. However, at the core of every space travel campaign is a spacecraft, or fleet, designed for long trips across space without resupplying. The spacecraft must be self-sufficient and would probably contain a large number of personnel to perform all the daily mundane tasks. The term capital ship has been used previously to describe a space faring headquarters for a corporation, which would be a craft designed for housing executives and possibly deploying exploration fleets. Thus, a space travel campaign would be centered on this spacecraft or fleet.
Life aboard a spacecraft would be considerably different than life planet-side. Everyone aboard would have a purpose from simple maintenance workers and child care providers to the navigator and captain of the ship. Each mercenary would thus need a purpose that correlates to life aboard a spacecraft. This could include leaders of exploration teams, navigators, engineers, and general soldiers, but each one should provide value to the spacecraft personnel. Otherwise, why would they be hired in the first place?
Corporations exist for one reason: to make money. Once a corporation's revenue begins to flatten or dip down, they're bound to seek other means of increasing their revenue. For that, they need to build new facilities to mine, produce, or sell their products. Space travel allows them to find new planets to do this. What planets they choose will be completely dependent on how the corporation makes money, but there is no shortage of new possibilities out there.
New planets are opportunities for mining new resources. Newly settled planets may contain new outlets to produce products at a low price if labor is cheap. Well-populated planets may be favorable locations to sell all those products. Either way, the driving force is to find a way to increase revenue.
Corporations who spend their time traveling across space may be looking for resources to sell to other corporations. They could come upon the moon of a recently settled planet with valuable resources locked deep within. Establishing a new mine takes only months and the corporation is able to increase their credit flow by selling these new resources to their existing customers or find new ones. Maybe the resources are extremely rare. Maybe the resources are new and can be made into better technology.
Another possibility is that the corporation is looking to sell resource mining opportunities to other corporations. These corporations are in charge of seeking planets with resources and ensuring a peaceful meeting with the indigenous people.


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As we mentioned before, habitual smoking and learning styles go hand in hand. One of the greatest predictors of whether a person will become a smoker is their preference in the Intake and Tactile elements of the LSA Pyramid (Learning Style Analysis Pyramid).
However, Malcolm Gladwell mentions other elements in his bestselling book, "The Tipping Point". Backed by British psychology research, he identifies the following traits of quintessential hard-core smokers:
- is sociable, likes parties (and therefore probably has a Learning Style with a preference for learning within a group)
- needs to have people to talk to (probably has a Learning Style with a preference for External Auditory Input)
- takes chances and acts on the spur of the moment (a preference for Impulsive Thinking)
- prefers to keep moving (a preference for Mobility)
- and doing things (a preference for Kinesthetic Input)
- not always a reliable person (a non-preference for Reliability).


Shredding Access in the Name of Security: Set UID Audits
In this article, I'll introduce Linux/Unix file permissions, root privilege and the SUID path to root. Then I'll help you run a SUID audit on your system, using Red Hat 6.2 as an example.
By Jay Beale | Posted Sep 14, 2000
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Almost every time I read an article on securing a Unix/Linux box, I find a glaring omission. They all discuss turning off unneeded services, like ftp and telnet, but rarely do they cover the next step of performing a SUID audit. Just as most services are a danger because they often run as root, SUID root programs always run as root. The danger here is that if someone obtains an account on your computer, legitimately or otherwise, SUID root programs present them a potential means for grabbing root access.
In this article, I'll introduce Linux/Unix file permissions, root privilege and the SUID path to root. Then I'll help you run a SUID audit on your system, using Red Hat 6.2 as an example. While Bastille Linux also runs an audit, there are some really great concepts and practices here for your everyday use; furthermore, you have more options doing this manually. Let's start by discussing Unix/Linux file permissions.
How do Unix/Linux File Permissions Work?
Unix file permissions are based entirely on the user construct. Each file on the system is owned by a user and a group. Each file also has a set of permission bits that denote what privileges the User owner has, what privileges the Group has, and finally, what privileges everyone else on the system has. Your personal mail file might allow only the User owner - you - read/write access, while your department "TO DO" list might be readable/writable by your boss, but read-only by people in your department. You'd define this group "ITdepartment" via the /etc/groups file. This access control, or method of setting who has what privileges on a file, is implemented via permission bits in the file's inode entry.
Each file has 12 (9 normal, 3 special) primary permissions flags which make up its mode. The first 9 are:
 _PHONE_ USER GROUP
$ ls -al /etc/passwd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 703 Jun 1 15:08 /etc/passwd
 1 User (owner) can Read?
 2 User (owner) can Write?
 3 User (owner) can Execute ( Run the program, change to this directory )?
 4 Group members can Read?
 5 Group members can Write?
 6 Group members can Execute?
 7 Other (everyone else) can Read?
 8 Other (everyone else) can Write?
 9 Other (everyone else) can Execute?
Bits 1-3 are the User Bits, while bits 4-6 are the Group bits and bits 7-9 are Other bits. We might say that /etc/passwd has permissions User: read, write; Group Read; Other Read. If we were the owner of this file, we could add group-write access with the command
chmod g+w /etc/passwd
and get a listing like this:
 _PHONE_ USER GROUP
$ ls -al /etc/passwd -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 703 Jun 1 15:08 /etc/passwd
This background is getting us somewhere, though: the other three bits are special bits. The first of these is called the Set-UID bit 1, which lets you run a program as someone other than yourself. What do I mean?
Set-UID (SUID) Status
Normally, when you log into a system and run a program, it is run with your UID (User ID), so it has exactly the same privileges that you have. But there are cases where you need more privileges than that, like when you want to change your password. Remember, /etc/passwd ( or /etc/shadow ) is not writable by every user on the system. Unless you're the owner, root, you won't be able to change it. How do we solve this? We make a program, /usr/bin/passwd, which will write to the /etc/passwd file. Since it will need privilege, we lock its UID to always be that of its OWNER, rather than of the user running it2. This is exactly what the Set-UID bit does. This fixes the problem, but there's a security issue here.
Primary Vulnerabilities: World-Executable SUID root programs
Every Set-UID root program that you can execute is a possible path to root. Why? Basically, because it lets an ordinary user run a program as root. That program may have a bug, such that it doesn't handle "strange input" well, like in your garden variety buffer overflow vulnerability. Often, a smart programmer can exploit this vulnerability to force the SUID program to execute arbitrary code, like a shell. This shell will inherit the SUID program's root privilege, giving the attacker root. Every Linux distro seems to have a number of SUID root programs that are discovered to be exploitable like this. In Red Hat 6.0-6.1, for example, userhelper is exploitable, because it doesn't check the program path specified on the command line for oddities, like "../"'s. To protect against this type of thing, we need to turn off the Set-UID bit on every program that we can.
SUID/SGID Auditing
Before we can turn off SUID bits, we have to find them. What does a Set-UID program look like? To follow through with our previous example:
$ ls -l /usr/bin/passwd
-r-s--x--x 1 root root 22312 Sep 25 1999 /usr/bin/passwd
The eXecute "x" is replaced by an "s," so we know this program is Set-UID. It is owned by root and executable by everyone, so anyone on the system can run the program, which will run as root.
In a SUID Audit, we apply a critical principle of Computer Security: minimalism. We remove all paths to root that aren't absolutely necessary. Here, we research each SUID program on the system and make an educated decision about its level of privilege. We can list all3 the Set-UID programs owned by root using the command4:
find / -perm -4000 -uid 0 --print
But once we find them, how do we minimize the danger of exploitation?
Lessening the Risk
There are four basic ways to limit the danger of SUID root programs:
 1. Strip the SUID bit, so the program runs as the running user, instead of running as root.
 2. Define a special group for the program in question and make the program executable by members of the group, but not by everyone else. (chgrp wheel /bin/su ; chmod 4750 /bin/su)
 3. Strip the world(other)-execute bit, leaving it executable by the owner and group, but still SUID (more dangerous).
 4. Strip SUID and use Sudo to allow only certain users to run this command. (This is like #2, but far more manageable.)
We'll primarily use option 1 here, but you should consider each. Let's move on to an actual SUID root audit, on Red Hat 6.2.
Auditing Red Hat 6.2
On Red Hat, with only a few exceptions, all of the SUID root programs are executable by everyone on the system.
/bin/mount - mount is suid-root to allow ordinary users to mount floppy and CD-ROM drives. If your users won't be at console, or won't be using floppies/CD-ROM's, you can deactivate set-uid, like this: chmod u-s /bin/mount
/bin/ping - ping is suid-root to allow users to test network connectivity. You can generally restrict ping to root only, as only the system administrator should need to test or tweak network connectivity. chmod u-s /bin/ping
/bin/su - su is set-uid so that ordinary users can switch to root. You should generally leave the set-uid bit on, here, though you could make this executable only by the wheel group. This is customary on many old Unix systems and the wheel group already exists in /etc/group.
/bin/umount - umount is suid-root to allow users to unmount floppies and CD-ROM's. (See above, under /bin/mount )
/sbin/dump - Dump is a backup tool that should really only be used by the sysadmin. It really should never have had suid status! If it can be used at all by junior people, it could be used to look at files not normally accessible to every user. This is a common problem on Linux/Unix systems, where a vendor was probably trying to be helpful. If you need your junior admins (who don't have root) to be able to run this, consider using sudo instead! For now, chmod u-s /sbin/dump.
./sbin/pwdb_chkpwd -


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Negueruela, I.; Reig, P. and Clark, J. S.
The nature of 1WGA J1958.2+3232: a new intermediate polar.
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 354(1) L29-L32.
Full text available as:
We present low and intermediate resolution spectroscopy of the optical counterpart to the recently discovered pulsating X-ray source 1WGA J1958.2+3232. The presence of strong HI, HeI and HeII emission lines together with the absence of absorption features rules out the possibility that the object is a massive star, as had recently been suggested. The observed X-ray and optical characteristics are consistent with the object being an intermediate polar. The double-peaked structure of the emission lines indicates that an accretion disc is present.
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Transgender Day of Remembrance's International Scope
Our focus on the Transgender Day of Remembrance has been mostly national in nature. However, the day commemorates lives lost internationally, which this year reach tragically reach as high as 30 known transgender people lost to violence.
Recent reports from the United Kingdom are highlighting the ways in which transgender people are being remembered. Along with vigils and marches, some transgender advocates are taking the day to link the high numbers to a lack of non-discrimination laws. Among them are unions, such as the Trades Union Congress (TUC) that campaigns for "a fair deal at work and for social justice at home and abroad."
In an article from Gay News UK, the TUC called for an end to discrimination against transgender people in the workplace. In a press release from today, the TUC stated that the murder rates of 2008 directly correspond to a lack of education and protections.
"The murderous attacks on trans people worldwide - and the assaults we know take place in Britain - show that this community faces prejudice and bigotry," said TUC General Secretary Brendan Barber said last night.
"If Britain is to be a truly equal and inclusive society we need to understand the issues facing trans people, and develop practical steps to end discrimination in workplaces, and in society at large."


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Applications available 29 September – 1 November at _URL_
SEG Chapter Outreach Grant (max $1000) based on Available Funding per Year
The SEG Student Chapter Outreach grant provides support for student chapter projects and initiatives that make a significant impact within their surrounding community. Examples of projects include educating school groups and local organizations about geosciences, providing hands-on activities for a community event, or creating a field-day with community members. The project should incorporate SEG's mission of connecting the world of applied geophysics with others and inspiring the geophysicists of tomorrow.
The Outreach Grant Application can be completed online at _URL_ Emailed proposals will not be accepted.
- Project Description
Describe the community's need for the project and how the Chapter made the decision to support the project.
- Objectives and Expected Outcomes
Define the project, including the target population, objectives, community benefits, methods of implementation and expected results. Please also describe the overall benefits to the Chapter, such as enhanced collegiality and collaboration.
Define the designated budget, including:
- Use of grant funding
- Items that may need to be purchased
- Receipts will need to be provided in final report
- Chapter Involvement
Define the personal involvement of SEG Student Chapter members.
Define the timeline for the project activities, and any plans for project support after the grant ends.
- Evaluation Process
Define the evaluation process. How will you measure the impact or results of your project?
- Project Reporting
Define the plan for reporting to SEG through the Follow-up Report, submitted at the conclusion of the project, including:
- Financial report with receipts
- Summary of project and results
- Failure to report will make chapter ineligible to apply for next 2 years
Define the planned local and regional publicity for the project.
- All publicity and advertising must acknowledge Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Logos are available on the SEG website in the Student Section under Faculty Advisor Resources
- Post activities on the student Facebook page – SEG Students
For more information, contact [email protected]


My research on the matter can be summarized in a sentence: "It [sporangium] can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular" (Source: _URL_ Yet there shouldn't be a reply placed between "They are" and "They aren't" test options, speaking of "Are bryophyte sporangia multicellular?". A link to the source where I could ascertain whether the bryophyte sporangia is multicellular (if I could ascertain) is highly appreciated.
In Embryophyta (land plants), including bryophytes, the sporangium is usually a multicellular structure.
Life cycle of a hornwort. The dehisced sporangium is shown releasing spores and elaters.
Perhaps you meant to ask about the number of spore mother cells (SMCs) in each sporangium? That varies across groups. In bryophytes, each sporangium has many SMCs, and accordingly produces a large number of spores. (Contrast this with angiosperms, where a megasporangium [called an ovule] has only one megaspore mother cell.)
References and further reading:
 1. _URL_
 2. _URL_
Image attribution:
By LadyofHats. (Public domain; _URL_
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks! Referring also to the "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" 3rd edition (_PHONE_), in particular, a sporangium is multicellular in higher plants. Now, scarcely do I understand why a sporangium of angiosperms is multicellular if it has a single megaspore mother cell. Is this because of four megaspores - the daughter cells in the process of meiosis in a megaspore mother cell? $\endgroup$ – Lesya Sep 9 '20 at 3:28
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ It is multicellular because it has cells OTHER THAN the megaspore mother cell (and its derivatives): namely the nucellus. See botit.botany.wisc.edu/botany_130/diversity/plants/…. $\endgroup$ – Adhish Sep 9 '20 at 12:43
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Normal atmospheric conditions on left. Oxygen rich flask on right.
When thinking about the steel wool lab it is important to think very logically and trust your observations.
If your lab technique was good, and you didn't knock off too many crumbs from the steel wool ball, your experiment should have gained mass. How is this possible? Remember chemically combustion is combining with oxygen (O2 molecules). So instead of simply having iron atoms, we know have iron oxide molecules. Oxygen has mass, so if we didn't lose any iron, the experiment has to gain mass.
Fe + O2 ==> ___________? + energy release (That gives off the glow. Fire is not an element!)
Under atmospheric conditions where oxygen is present in excess, the stable form of iron is Fe3+ ion.
So the reaction becomes:
Fe + O2 ==> Fe+3O-2 + energy
Now just finish the criss-cross for the proper compound formula and then balance the equation. Remember no subscript on the iron, and oxygen is a diatomic molecule. You can do it on your own!


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Tulbaghia violaceae Seeds
Tulbaghia is a small genus of about 20 species from southern Africa. The genus is very closely related to Allium, and thus a member of the Alliaceae family. Typically the Tulbaghia species are modest, unassuming plants with small flowers, grassy foliage, sometimes with a pungent skunky or alliaceous scent to the robust rhizomatous rootstalks as well as the foliage.
Tulbaghia violaceae is a fast-growing, bulbous plant that reaches a height of 50cm. The leaves are long, narrow, strap-like, slightly fleshy and smell strongly of garlic when bruised. They grow from fat, tuberous roots which spread to form clumps of plants. The pinkish mauve, tubular flowers, clustered into umbels of up to twenty flowers, are held above the leaves on a tall flower stalk, and appear over a long period in summer (January to April).
You're buying a pack of 5 Seeds
We'll supply you with all the germination & care instructions.
Click Here to see more Tulbaghia Species


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The design of the LEDs lighting in general household illumination was proposed and compared with the fluorescent lighting in this study. Using the LED as a light source would promote energy saving lighting for household illumination purposes. We used the LightTools and DIALux software to design and simulate different standards of illuminance, different correlated color temperatures and different color rendering indices for household environments. The power consumption and efficiency of traditional illuminated light sources and an LED light source with the same standard of illuminance for lighting the household environment were analyzed and compared with each other. Finally, our results show the advantages of using white-light LEDs for lighting and household illumination.
© 2013 Optical Society of KoreaPDF Article


Temper Tamers
Temper Tamers in a jar - Helping Kids Cool Off and Manage Anger!
Learn how to calm down and keep your cool, control your temper and express your feelings in positive ways. Use Temper Tamers In a Jar to promote group discussions about more positive ways to deal with anger. Individuals can also use cards to learn calming strategies for particularly tense or difficult situations.
There are four different kinds of cards:
What Would You Do? cards: These cards present difficult scenarios. You're asked to imagine yourself in tense situations and provide answers for how you'd respond.
Tips! cards: Here's advice for positive actions you could take when you feel angry.
Share cards: These cards encourage you to share personal stories about how you deal with anger.
Act It Out! cards: You're again asked to provide positive ways to deal with anger. This time, you act them out (sometimes with a friend).
Ages 8 - 11 years, 101 cards, 3" recyclable plastic screwtop jar
Also available - Chill skills in a jar, for people aged 12+


Wednesday, 20 October 2010
Water Bear
Image source
Water Bears are microscopic animals found in water all over the world (a lot more on that later). They are also known as tardigrades, which means'slow walker' and the name water bear comes from the bear-like way they walk. Aside from hibernation (a lot more on that later), the similarity pretty much ends there. A large adult water bear may be just 1.5 millimetres long and other species less than 0.1 mm. Also they have 8 legs armed with 4 to 8 teeny weeny claws. Their bodies are segmented, giving them a look not unlike a tiny caterpillar and they are in fact distantly related to insects and other arthropods. Their skin, or rather cuticle, even contains chitin (the stuff that makes exoskeletons hard) so they have to moult as they grow.
Water bears find their way around using lots of sensory hairs all over their body, though some also have two tiny little eyes that are like a reduced version of those found in insects. They have stylets like true bugs and aphids, which are used to pierce plant cells, algae or other small invertebrates. Is there a bone in the world smaller than a water bear? Anyway, after the puncture, the fluids can be sucked up as they flow. Most eat plants or bacteria, but some are predators.
One interesting thing is that they are eutelic, meaning specimens of a single species all have the same number of cells. Even youngsters that hatch from eggs have the same number, the actual cells get bigger as the water bear grows rather than going through cell division.
So where are these things found? Well, they need moisture, so they can be found in nice places like lakes and ponds everywhere. When you're this small your definition of 'water' is a little different from us giants so they can also be found on stone walls and roofs as well as lichens and moss, places where tiny little puddles of water accumulate.
In fact, water bears only need a small amount of water to stay active, so where are these things found? Try everywhere! They have been discovered in hot springs at the top of the Himalayas, under layers of solid ice and in deep sea sediment. They've been found everywhere from the poles to the equator, from 6,000 metres up mountains to 4,000 metres beneath the sea and everything in between.
And that's when they're active! They can also go into a state of cryptobiosis, where their metabolism falls to under 0.01% its normal level and water content to 1%. It's like hibernation to the extent that they almost cease to be a living thing, as they await better times. Or a single droplet of water.
In this state water bears can survive almost anything. Several minutes of temperatures as high as 150 °C or days as low as -200 °C. They can even survive a few minutes at -272°C, about 1 degree above absolute zero or 0 Kelvin, a temperature which isn't actually possible. The reduction in water content means that their cells don't freeze and shatter as the tiny ice cubes expand.
They can survive ten years without water, in fact some do this regularly! Even then, they are still Water Bears, not Bears.
They can take the low pressures found in the vacuum of space as well as the high pressures of the deepest of deep ocean trenches. Actually they can withstand 6,000 atmospheres, almost six times the pressure of the deepest of deep ocean trenches, so they've pretty much defeated planet Earth on that front.
They can even take radiation of 5,000 Gy, where 5 to 10 Gy would kill us mere humans.
To test all this out a bunch of water bears were taken up in a rocket in 2007, and exposed to OUTER SPACE for 10 days! Some of them were protected from high-energy UV radiation, while others were left to suffer the full ravages of solar radiation. Some of the ravaged actually managed to survive, while two thirds of the protected survived and some were even able to mate and create viable young! So if these things ever get terribly out of hand and try to take over the world, there's your answer. Simply get rid of Earth's atmosphere and expose the world to the full power of the Sun! Of course, unless Mars holds some surprises it would mean the end of all life on Earth, but still.
Gio Ve said...
A rainbow of Joy. I define this blog in this way :) Best wishes from a new follower (an Estonian living in Italy)
Unknown said...
A rainbow of Joy? That's one of the most beautiful descriptions of anything I've ever heard! Thanks a lot, and thanks for following!
Porakiya said...
To sum up th entire blog post into a short, simple sentence or two: Water bears are the ULTIMATE survivalists. Earth has already been invaded and conquered and we don't even know it yet.
Unknown said...
Basically, yeh. You could do one of those posters:
Unknown said...
How are these things not the dominant species?! Well, I guess it's the size...
Doanh Doanh said...
Những Chuyến Đi Cuộc Đời
Ngau Hung Du Lich
Tri Thức Du Lịch
Book Ve Du Lich Gia Re
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DP725 | Exchange Rate Bands and Optimal Monetary Accommodation Under a Dirty Float
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This paper studies regimes of managed exchange rates for a small open economy with an integrated capital market, rational expectations in financial markets, sluggish nominal wages and prices, and supply shocks that follow a Brownian motion. Each regime can be characterized by the degree to which price shocks are accommodated and the width of the exchange rate band. Special cases of monetary accommodation are a peg, a clean float and a PPP exchange rate rule. First, the optimal degree of monetary accommodation of price shocks is analysed when there is no exchange rate band. Given that the welfare loss is a weighted sum of the asymptotic variances of output and of consumer prices, monetary accommodation is particularly strong when the authorities care relatively more about full employment than price stability. More flexible labour markets induce right-wing governments to move towards a cleaner float and left-wing governments towards a PPP exchange rate rule. Second, the effects of exchange rate bands and the accompanying inframarginal interventions are examined when allowance is made for intramarginal interventions as well. Such a framework can, in contrast to the pioneering Krugman analysis, explain the observed hump-shaped unconditional density functions of EMS exchange rates.


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Caesalpiniaspinosa (Molina) Kuntze is an extensively used plant in the industry and folk medicine, and it is characterized by containing high quantities of tannins in its pods. Ultrastructure and chemical aspects of C.spinosa leaves were analyzed to identify their properties and the function of their specialized cells. Leaflets are amphistomatic with an internal bifacial structure. Subspherical idioblasts occur on the subepidermal area of leaflets and are immersed in the parenchymatous tissue of rachis and petiole. Histochemical analyses showed that tannins are widespread on the parenchymatous tissue of leaflets, rachis, and petioles, and subspherical idioblasts present a lipophilic nature containing essential oils and lipids. Glandular trichomes occurring on the rachis and petiole bear phenolic compounds. GC–MS analysis reveals the presence predominantly of monoterpenes in the leaf essential oil. The detected compounds may be related to the antimicrobialand antioxidant activity of C. spinosa extracts.
- Essential oil-containing idioblasts
- Leaf anatomy
- Phenolic compounds


Engage the world
The world continues to change and present challenges and opportunities for us all. LaGrange College is committed to preparing students for these changes by helping them understand other cultures and by promoting Global Engagement.
More than 20 million people speak Spanish in the United States, making it the fifth largest Spanish-speaking country in the world. The Spanish major, the Spanish minor and the Latin American Studies minor (a combination of Spanish language and culture courses) are designed to provide students with a working proficiency of the language and a familiarity with the cultures in which it is spoken, including the 21 countries of Latin America, Spain and parts of Africa.


syntax. Otherwise the defmethods won't work right. CLtL2 gives an example of using DEFTYPE in this way to define a "square 2-d array" type:
(defun equidimensional (a)
 (or (< (array-rank a) 2)
(deftype square-matrix (&optional type size)
 "SQUARE-MATRIX includes all square 2-d arrays."
 (satisfies equidimensional)))
So we can say something like:
(deftype *matrix-like* (&optional type nrows ncols)
 '(and matrix-like (satisfies (or (= (* (nrows A) (ncols A)) 0)
 (typep (mref A 0 0) type)))))
and then make the defmethods specify (*matrix-like* double-float) or whatever type as the types of the matrix arguments. Note that zero-element matrices and matrix views have any data type you want, and we don't evaluate (mref A 0 0) unless we know that there is at least one element in the matrix (view). Note that we don't ask for (array-element-type (my-array A)) because (a.) zero-element Lisp arrays may be tricky (I'm not sure), and (b.) we might use a C array instead of a Lisp array.
Code generation
The BLAS and LAPACK support four different datatypes: single-float, double-float, (complex single-float) and (complex double-float). We can generate DEFMETHODs for all different types of matrices by using the same "method template" that we use for WITH-COPIES. It's easy to find the right BLAS / LAPACK routine for a given datatype because it begins with a letter corresponding to the datatype: S for single-float, D for double-float, C for (complex single-float) and Z for (complex double-float). I've written some code sketches for this.
The BLAS and LAPACK wrapper functions that we support are put into an alist mapping from method name to method template. We could even store them in a file, though this could be a security risk if people mess with the file, no?
Dependency analysis (for a "smart Matlab compiler")
Here follows discussion of a "smart Matlab compilation" technique that tries to preserve Matlab copy semantics while avoiding copying whenever possible.
Types of accesses:
 1. overwrite-read: qr (A)
 2. overwrite-write: A(2:4, 2:4) = [0 1; 2 3];
 3. read: print (A(:, 2:3));
We can classify datapath links as follows. A (plain) read can be followed by anything.
 1. overwrite-read -> overwrite-read:
 [Q, R] = qr (A);
 [L, U] = lu (A);
 This requires saving a copy of the dependent variable the first time.
 2. overwrite-read -> overwrite-write: [Q, R] = qr (A); A(2:4, 2:4) = [0 1; 2 3]; These require saving a copy of the dependent variable, or at least a copy of the subview that is required. Of course if we are in a function and we don't have inter-procedural analysis, we have to return a whole copy of A.
 3. overwrite-read -> read:
 [Q, R] = qr (A);
 print (A);
 4. overwrite-write -> overwrite-read:
 [Q,R] = qr (A);
 E = eig (Q); (???)
 OK, no special handling needed.
 5. overwrite-write -> overwrite-write:
 [Q, R] = qr (A);
 [Q, S] = qr (B);
 Cleverness can avoid computing Q the first time (e.g. with a QR factorization, we can avoid computing Q explicitly or at all; with an eigenvalue decomposition, we can avoid computing the eigenvectors). Otherwise there's nothing we need to do.
 6. overwrite-write -> read:
 [Q, R] = qr (A);
 print (Q);
 OK, no special handling needed.
Dependency analysis is pretty easy in straight-line code. We may not know if we have a loop unless we macro-expand all the way and look for primitives (DO, GO, etc.). User-defined functions can be optimized if we ask the user to make assertions about inputs and outputs, or we can do inter-procedural analysis ourselves (operate on blocks -- find their inputs and outputs). For example, in Allegro CL v. 8.0 on MacOS X PPC:
CL-USER> (macroexpand '(dotimes (i n) (setf (aref A i) 0)))
(block nil
 (let ((#:g251 n) (i 0))
 (cond ((>= i #:g251) (return-from nil (progn))))
 (tagbody (setf (aref A i) 0))
 (psetq i (1+ i))
 (go #:Tag4))))
CL-USER> (macroexpand-1 '(dotimes (i n) (setf (aref A i) 0)))
(do ((#:g252 n) (i 0 (1+ i))) ((>= i #:g252)) (setf (aref A i) 0))
If we want to do this thoroughly, we'll have to trace out the control flow. User-defined functions may even have return-froms that make things messy. But eventually we have to make simplifying assumptions. These can be governed by a conservativity level so that the user can choose to sacrifice safety for speed.
"Matlab in Lisp"
Parse a Matlab file and convert it into a PROGN of Lisp statements. This can then be compiled (using the standard Lisp compiler) which gives you, therefore, compiled Matlab code! We can also use our own code optimization tools on the PROGN before we feed it into COMPILE.
It's too ambitious to try to replicate all of Matlab in Lisp, especially the GUI stuff and the toolboxes. Nevertheless, we can bring in a lot of useful functionality from e.g. the GSL (though that's GPL'd, be careful) or other libraries.
Last modified: Sun Oct 15 00:06:27 CST 2006


The ability to deliver a great experience to the end-user is becoming a significant competitive advantage for the modern company. That's why design is becoming more deeply integrated into the product development process. According to the 2017 Design in Tech report, Facebook, Google, and Amazon have collectively grown design headcount by a whopping 65 percent in 2017 alone.
This, of course, has made the demand on product designer greater than ever before and is forcing the role and design skillsets to rapidly evolve. At the rate in which the design industry is shifting, having an underperforming product designer could create significant opportunity costs.
So how do you know when a product designer is costing you? Here are seven signs that he or she is falling short.
1. They never ask why.
The product designer is ultimately the steward of the experience. If he or she doesn't annoy you (and your users) with a barrage of questions the way a toddler does, it's a bad sign. It's likely the reason why your product has feature bloat or feels inconsistent when the experience is changed.
2. They have excessive amounts of notes and documentation.
Recording thoughts and data is an essential part of staying organized and capturing critical information for design decisions. But if the data is so dense and overcomplicated that you can't retrieve important information or identify patterns, then it becomes inevitably paralyzing. Nothing gets done.
If your product designer can't document concisely or synthesize in real time, it's a bad sign that he or she won't be able to make use of the data gathered over however many hours, days, or weeks of research it has taken to collect it.
3. They don't prototype.
If a picture is worth 1,000 words, a prototype is worth 1,000 meetings.
4. They have no interest in traveling.
Research has shown that an individual's level of creativity (and the open-mindedness that facilitates it) can be directly influenced by the amount of traveling that he or she does. More important, traveling affords a designer the ability understand cultures, languages, and experiences on a deeper level.
Dieter Rams once said, "You cannot understand good design if you do not understand people." Immersing oneself into different cultures illuminates the subtle nuances that shape the way we think and the contexts we operate within. If your product designer doesn't at least aspire to travel abroad, then his or her capacity to empathize with your users may be limited.
5. They don't sketch their ideas.
Even the best, most experienced designers are wrong--and they're wrong most of the time. That's why design is more successful when it's collaborative and iterative. Being able to burn through as many ideas as quickly as possible is both a means to increase creativity and speed of feedback from you and, more important, users.
If a designer starts in a design tool, rather than using pen and paper, he or she isn't moving fast enough, wasting the time needed to learn from mistakes that will inevitably be made.
6. They don't use the latest design tools.
This seems petty, I know. But the reality is, complacency kills. If your product designer isn't up to date on the latest tools used by the industry, it's probably a sign that he or she isn't actively looking for ways to be more efficient or effective. Be honest, would you hire a product designer who uses Photoshop to create mockups?
7. They blame developers.
If the final implementation of a design doesn't look as intended (read: pixel-perfect), it's the designer's fault. He or she either lacks an understanding of what's technically feasible or didn't communicate effectively with developers to course-correcting as code was being written. The designer should be expected to create pleasant experiences, and that includes experiences interacting with teammates.


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Image Number 3 for United States Patent _TAG_.
The present invention discloses a spectral measurement method via continuous light source and discrete light source, and a measurement instrument for non-invasive detection of human body tissue components. Said instrument includes an incident unit, a probe, a receiving unit and a data processing unit. Said composite spectral measurement method improves or strengthens the output light intensity at the wavelength that carries information of the target component within human body. It enables the spectral detection in the whole wavelength range, and thus significantly enhances the SNR of the detecting system. In the non-invasive detection instrument, light from both the continuous light source and discrete light source can be firstly selectively light-split by AOTF, or AOTF conducts light-splitting for the continuous light source, while the discrete light source LD is controlled by a spatial chopper. When data of the spectral curves achieved from said continuous light source and discrete light source are processed, data acquired under different measuring modes can be compared.


Home Event and Festivals National Cancer Survivors Day 2021:10 Hopeful Quotes To Inspire Cancer Survivors and...
National Cancer Survivors Day 2021:10 Hopeful Quotes To Inspire Cancer Survivors and Fighters
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. According to WHO, over 45% of people around the world were estimated to be affected by this disease between 2008-2030. It was also projected that 10 and 11 million cancers will be diagnosed each year in lowand middle-income countries by 2030. Right now, there are millions of people worldwide fighting this insidious disease. We know cancer isn't all rainbows and sunshine and keeping a positive outlook during this time can be quite difficult. But sometimes messages of hope can always inspire strength.
Many cancer patients hold on to optimistic messages that promise good times hard and helps them to get through each day with the promise of hope on the horizon. Here are few quotes that we hope might inspire every cancer survivor and fighter to hold on and fight the good fight.
 - "Be thankful for this day. You are here, breathing and living life. Even if it's not the life you want or hoped for, it's life. There's always something to be thankful for."
 - "Never give up. Never give in. Never, ever, ever give up."
 - "Cancer is a word, not a sentence. Cancer is NOT a death sentence. It's just one word in your sentence; one part of your life."
 - "It is often in the darkest skies that we see the brightest stars. Try and find some beauty in your situation. You won't be the person you were before cancer, but that does not have to be a bad thing."
 - "I had cancer, cancer never had me. You are not defined by what you are going through. Cancer will never have you. You are much more than your disease."
 - "Optimism: someone who figures that taking a step backwards after taking a step forward is not a disaster; it's more like a cha-cha. You may not be where you want to be right now, but you're just doing the dance that is called life."
 - "Small steps every day. Every small step counts. You might not reach your goal today but that is okay."
 - "You are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, smarter than you think, and twice as beautiful as you'd ever imagined. Don't let cancer cause you to sell yourself short or forget your worth."
 - "Good thoughts only. The bad thoughts will try and sneak in, but don't let them. Focus only on the good thoughts."
 - "Broken crayons still colour. Nobody's perfect. If you feel broken, don't let that determine your worth. You can still do so much."
National Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated every year on the first Sunday in June. In 2021, National Cancer Survivors Day will fall on June 6. The day is meant to "demonstrate that life after a cancer diagnosis can be a reality".
(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Jun 06, 2021 01:27 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).
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Many Connecticut gravestones are carved from native red sandstone. Unfortunately, this material is not particularly durable — it is vulnerable to spalling when moisture infiltrates the tiny cracks and then expands by freezing. In its most fragile state, sandstone can crumble at the lightest touch. Whole sections can slough off at a time. Graveyard visitors shouldn't really take rubbings of any stone, especially red sandstone.
Here is what happens to red sandstone over time:
Stage One: Minimal Damage
Stage Two: Largely Illegible
Stage Three: Disintegration
Stage Four: Collapse


Marathi in Kenya
Photo Source: A Daniel
Send Joshua Project a map of this people group.
People Name: Marathi
Country: Kenya
10/40 Window: No
Population: 500
World Population: 71,100
Primary Language: Marathi
Primary Religion: Hinduism
Christian Adherents: 2.00 %
Evangelicals: 0.00 %
Scripture: Complete Bible
Online Audio NT: No
Jesus Film: Yes
Audio Recordings: Yes
People Cluster: South Asia Hindu - other
Affinity Bloc: South Asian Peoples
Progress Level:
Introduction / History
Marathi is actually a language that originated in what is now Maharashtra, a state in western India. Marathis migrated to Kenya from India in the late 1800s. They originally came as indentured workers to work in the construction of the Uganda railway. Once the construction of the railway was completed, many of the workers not only chose to stay in Africa, but they also sent for their families to join them. They settled in Nairobi where they had more privileges than local Africans.
Where Are they Located?
Marathi speakers live all over India, but also in Great Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, and just about any African country that was once a British colony, including Kenya. There are very few of them in Kenya today.
What Are Their Lives Like?
Their astute business acumen enabled them to set up thriving businesses. Their new found economic strength enabled them to wield political power as well. Even though they are well assimilated into Kenyan society through prolonged stay in the country, they still have very close ties to India. Marriage and other social ties only happen between members of their own community. This has ensured the strengthening of ties with their cultural and religious roots in India.
What Are Their Beliefs?
Marathi people in Kenya are mainly Hindu. Like most prosperous Hindu communities, religion is only a way to connect with their community and to gain favor with whatever spiritual forces control their lives.
What Are Their Needs?
Marathi people in Africa need spiritual hunger that will drive them to seek and find the abundant life offered by Jesus Christ.
Prayer Points
* Pray that the Marathis in Kenya will become part of God's kingdom as they experience the savior.
* Pray that their ability to make money and lead prosperous lives will not keep them from having the spiritual hunger it takes to seek and find Jesus Christ.
* Pray for a Disciple-Making movement among Marathi people in Kenya that will spread throughout Africa.
Text Source: Keith Carey


text:
Interweaving Algal Biotechnology with the Urban Environment
Title (temporary): Interweaving Algal Biotechnology With the Urban EnvironmentResearch question: How can an intersection of design with algal biotechnology generate new applications in the urban indoor environment?
My thesis describes the findings of practice as research, exploring an intersection of design with algal biotechnology in the context of the urban indoor environment. As we, modern inhabitants, spend most of our time indoors, our contained environment serves as the generic site to which research findings are applied. This paper traces and analyses history of microalgae in relation to design applications through empirical studies and literature reviews. Microalgae are cousins of plant form, each cell alive with photosynthetic pigments. The thesis reflects on the invention of Algae Printing, an outcome from my creative research, and its new ontology in the urban environment. Concepts of ecology are developed with suggested applications of Algae Printing, connecting the microscopic to the macroscopic within the fabric of the urban environment. The inquiry was led by collaborative processes between myself as a designer/ Artist in Residence and algal bioscientists in biochemistry and chemical engineering laboratories at Imperial College London. Scientific research using the invention Algae Printing produced new perceptions of the life of microalgae through 'cellular' applications for the production of food, energy and filters. Rabinow, Latour, Carter and DeLanda inspire reflection on the scientific collaborative processes. This paper presents collaborative interdisciplinarity of emerging design practice for biotechnological invention and suggests how it can contribute to the amelioration of the urban environment through 'creative' empiricism with biochemistry.>>> Please visit my research webpage at CSM, UAL
Seminars and talks


12 Volt Inverter for Soldering Iron
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 - Here is a simple 12 V inverter for using a small soldering iron (25W, 35W, etc) in the absence of mains supply. It uses eight transistors and a few resistors and capacitors. Transistors T1 and T2 (each BC547) form an astable multivibrator that produces 50Hz signal. The complementary outputs from the collectors of transistors T1 and T2 are fed to pnp Darlington driver stages formed by transistor pairs T3-T5 and T4-T6 (utilising BC558 and BD140). The outputs from the drivers are fed to transistors T7 and T8 (each 2N3055) connected for push-pull operation.
 Use suitable heat-sinks for transistors T5 through T8.
 A 230V AC primary to 12V-0-12V, 4.5A secondary transformer (X1) is used. The centre-tapped terminal of the secondary of the transformer is connected to the battery (12V, 7Ah), while the other two terminals of the secondary are connected to the collectors of power transistors T7 and T8, respectively.
 When you power the circuit using switch S1, transformer X1 produces 230V AC at its primary terminal. This voltage can be used to heat your soldering iron. Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and house in a suitable cabinet. Connect the battery and transformer with suitable current-carrying wires. On the front panel of the box, fit power switch S1 and a 3-pin socket for connecting the soldering iron.
 Soldering Iron Voltage Inverter Circuit Diagram
 soldering iron voltage inverter
 Note that the ratings of the battery, transistors T7 and T8, and transformer may vary as these all depend on the load. Source
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 25 Responses to "12 Volt Inverter for Soldering Iron"
 1. NISHANTH CHENNAPPA says: on April 28, 2010 at 8:56 pm
 in soldering iron voltage inverter the input to the centered tapped transformer are given as 12 and 12 what does that means…
 2. The circuit is working…….simulated output results sine wave mixed with pulsed output….
 The frequency determining component are RC in the Multivibrator
 - Upasana Dash says: on March 18, 2012 at 8:15 am
 How you simulate this circuit?Which simulator you have used?I designed this circuit in multisim but 2n3055 is not available there.So what you have used as the replacement of this power transistor?
 - Hi Upasana Dash,
 2n3055A is available in Multisim 11…..
 - shivam says: on May 29, 2012 at 8:36 pm
 U can only use the 2n3055 because its only a good power transistor and u can find it every where
 3. In this circuit what are VR1 VR2 for.
 - VR1 and VR2 are used to obtain the 50 Hz frequency, so you need to adjust them. You can connect an oscilloscope at T2′s then T1′s collector to watch that the signal has the same frequency and amplitude.
 4. MUHMMAD ALI says: on September 20, 2011 at 4:25 pm
 5. my transistor just blasted i dont know why bc147 can any one help me!!
 6. Hallo sir
 If I replace Battery 12v 7Ah with 5 Ah
 can u?
 7. is this circuit compatible with television psu? i it can use to supply a television?
 - You Will have to calibrate the pedal. If you bweorord the code from this site, the calibration was for MY pedals and varies a lot from set to set. The trick is to write a small code snippet that will display the lowest value, when the pedal is in the heel position, and another that will display the highest value when the pedal is in the toe position. Something like this://lowest valueIf (analogRead(pedalPin) highValue) HighValue = analogRead(pedalPin);Serial.print(lowValue);Serial.print( );Serial.println(highValue);
 8. what are the power ratings of the components in this circuit? such as resistors, capaciors and the transistors. any one answer me please. i want to build this circuit.
 9. Is it possible to use an NPN darlington pair instead of a PNP darlington pair?
 10. Im sorry im not good at electronics… Can anyone please tell me Why didnt we use a microcontroller here???
 Or is not using a microcontroller advisable here??
 - A microcontroller can be used but it is not necessary in this case (it's just a 12V DC to 230V AC converter). A µC is useful when a LCD display is required or to adjust the temperature by pressing switches.
 11. Thank you sir… can u please give me the calculations for the above inverter??? Please sir, i am doing a project on this and i am running out time..
 - This is a square wave inverter that is used for a very non-critical resistance heating application. The only possible calculations is the frequency of the astable flip-flop and the transformer turns ratio.
 The half-cycle period is roughly the RC product of C1 * Vr2 and C2 * Vr1. It appears to me to be running substantially higher than 50 or 60HZ which is OK because steel laminated transformers perform well up to about 1kHZ. The half-cycle timings must be matched to prevent the transformer from saturating due to the DC (unbalanced) component.
 The voltage calculation is the turns ratio of the transformer minus the resistance drop of the copper windings. To obtain the exact turns ratio, take the transformer out of the circuit and connect the primary across the 230V mains, then measure the primary voltage and the unloaded secondary voltage to the center-tap –this ratio is the turns ratio.
 Working the turns ratio backwards from the 12V square wave, you can calculate the open circuit transformer output of the inverter.
 Measure the winding resistances and factor in the IR drop on each winding using the measured soldering iron load current. Multiply this by the turns ratio to obtain the primary current and factor in the IR drop of the primary. The whole mathematical expression gets cumbersome, but should get you close to actual performance.
 The soldering load is non-critical –especially if it is temperature regulated, so a ±20% voltage error will still work OK.
 A circuit enhancement that you may wish to incorporate is the addition of back diodes across each output transistor (collector to ground). This provides a better path for transformer reactive currents to flow at the end of each half-cycle –otherwise, the reactive current will reverse bias and zener the base-to-emitter junctions of the power transistors and cause additional power loss and transistor stress. The reactive currents are appreciable because in a simple low frequency power transformer like this the secondary halves are not tightly linked together –this causes a series leakage reactance that causes the primary current to continue to flow for a short period after the transistor turns off.
 A small capacitor (perhaps 0.1uf) may be connected across the entire primary (24VCT) to help reduce possible voltage transients that could damage the power transistors.
 Note that I have not built this circuit, so you are on your own –hope that this is helpful.
 12. sir do we really need a heat sink for bd 140/139???
 the vendor I went to said we don't need a heat sink for them….
 13. Your electronics vendor is correct. Under worst case condition (battery charging @ 14V), the collector current through the 22Ω resistor is 0.55A and the Vce sat of the BD140 is about 1V.
 Pc = EI/2 (for 50% duty cycle) = 0.275W
 ¢j-a (Thermal resistance junction to ambient) without a HS is 100°/W per the data sheet.
 Therefore junction temp rise is 27.5°.
 Assuming a hot ambient temp (40°C), junction temp = 40 + 27.5°C.
 Hot for your finger, but cool for the transistor that is rated for a max junction temp of 150°C. Under such conditions, without a heatsink, the bulk of the thermal resistance is between the transistor case and the air, so the case surface runs close to the junction temperature.
 14. okay thanks sir….
 also can u please tell me, what should be the transformer ratings???
 I asked fr a 12-0-12 to 230v step up centre tapped transformer but he then asks for its current rating….
 what current rating should I tell him???
 15. my 22ohm resistor just blasted…. what do I do????
 16. I did the circuit as shown above and it is displaying fluctuating 230 V in Multimeter.That 230 volts doesn't remain constant and after some time


What are the Chances a Judge Will Alter Visitation Rights if Circumstances Haven't Changed?
Share the Knowledge!
'I live in NJ and my ex has had supervised visitation with no overnights with our child for the last four years. He is planning on taking me to court to request "vacation time" with our daughter for a week. He has already planned the vacation, and told our child about it. If the circumstances that prompted the judge to initially order supervised visitation have still not been altered, is there any chance he will be granted supervised vacation time? Thanks for your help.'
There is really not enough information here to usefully answer your question. It is unusual that there would be supervised visitation for such a long period as four years, generally speaking – usually a situation requiring supervision would not be allowed to go on for such a lengthy period of time, suggesting that the order for supervision hasn't been changed owing more to inertia than any ongoing danger to the child's health or well-being. That said, it is possible, and if those supervised visits have been going well for the past for years, then it seems possible that the Court would also allow a supervised vacation.
Share the Knowledge!
Author: House Attorney
A house attorney has answered this question.


If you've been reading the EF Design Blog you will have seen that we recently announced something called "FK Associations" for the EF in.NET 4.0.
However in.NET 3.5 SP1, we only support Independent Associations. What that means is that the FK Columns aren't available as Properties in the entity. Which in turn means you are forced to build relationships via References to other Entities.
For example, unlike LINQ to SQL, this is not possible in the EF:
product.CategoryID = 2;
Because there is no "CategoryID" property in product entity.
You have to do something like this instead:
product.Category = ctx.Categories.First(c => c.ID == 2);
I.e. you need to use the Category reference. Which means you have to have a Category in memory, or do a query to get one like the example above.
The problem is that not having a property for the CategoryID that you can set directly can be a big pain, and that is why we've added "FK Associations" and "FK Properties" in.NET 4.0.
All well and good, but as Julie Lerman has a habit of reminding me, what about everyone who is using.NET 3.5 SP1 today? Our new features don't really help today.
How can you set the CategoryID if it doesn't actually exist?
Trick question. You can't of course.
But you can achieve the same effect, with code like this:
 = new EntityKey("MyContainer.Categories", "ID", 2);
Looks a little complicated doesn't it, so let's break it down:
 1. For each reference "xxx" (like Category) the entity framework also generates an "xxxReference" property that returns an EntityReference. (EntityReference is used heavily by the EF to provide all the plumbing and services required for things like maintaining relationship consistency, and doing Entity lookups based on EntityKeys)
 2. One of the properties of the EntityReference is an EntityKey. We need to set the EntityKey to a new EntityKey if we wish to change the value of the Foreign Key.
 3. In order to create a new EntityKey we need to know 3 things.
 1. The value we want to set the "Foreign Key" to. To be consistent with the earlier code snippets that is 2.
 2. The fully qualified name of the EntitySet that the target Entity belongs to. In this case our target is a Category and we get Categories from the "MyContainer.Categories" set.
 3. The name of the Primary Key Property in the target entity. In this case the primary key of Category is the "ID" property.
Now obviously this is not the sort of code you want to write everywhere you need it. So lets hide this away. So...
How can you use this code to fake a Foreign Key property?
Luckily the Entity Framework generates partial classes for Entities, so you can simply put this logic in your own Product partial class like this:
public int CategoryID {
 get {
if (this.CategoryReference.EntityKey == null) return 0;
else return (int) this.CategoryReference
 set {
 = new EntityKey("MyContainer.Categories", "ID", value);
Notice that we use the CategoryReference in the getter too. This means that our CategoryID property is simply a view over the CategoryReference, which means that if the EF makes any changes under the hood we don't need to be notified.
With this in place you can write what we wanted all along:
product.CategoryID = 2;
And that can be extremely useful in lots of scenarios, for example MVC controllers and data-binding.
Extra Credit
This solution is essentially just a workaround that hides some of the limitations of independent associations, and like all workarounds it has limitations. The key then is to make an informed tradeoff between the benefits and the drawbacks. So here are some of the key drawbacks:
 1. Properties in the partial class are not recognized by the Entity Framework, so you can't use them in your LINQ queries.
 2. By referencing the fully qualified EntitySet name in our setter, we have coupled your Entity Class directly to the EntitySet. Now for most people this is not a problem, but it won't work if you try to re-use your entity classes between contexts or if you use MEST.
 3. There are probably more... I'll add them as I think of them!


text:
Micro and nanotextured polymer fibers for open microfluidics
Please cite this item using this persistent URLhttp://hdl.handle.net/11693/28917
Microfluidics is the science of controlling low volumes of fluids in a microchannel. It is used in diverse area of applications such as chemical and biological analysis. Benefits of microfluidics are fast analysis, short reaction times, and portability of device. Current fabrication techniques of lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices are soft lithography and micromachining. However, these methods suffer from design limitations such as flexibility of product, high cost, integration of external components, and biocompatibility. Surface textured polymer fibers are utilized as a novel platform for the fabrication of affordable microfluidic devices. Fibers are produced by thermal drawing technique tens of meters-long at a time and comprise twenty continuous and ordered V-grooves channels on their surfaces. Extreme anisotropic wetting behavior due to capillary action along the grooves of fibers is observed after surface modifications with polydopamine (PDA) coating and Ultraviolet/Ozone (UV/O) treatment. Three-dimensional arrays of flexible fibers spontaneously spread liquid on predefined paths without the need of external pumps or actuators. In addition, surface modification with organically modified silica nanoparticles was added on top of the V-grooves to enhance the hydrophobicity of the fiber surfaces. Surface textured fibers are well suited for the fabrication of flexible, robust, lightweight and affordable microfluidic devices which is believed to expand the role of microfluidics in a scope of fields including drug discovery, medical diagnostics and monitoring food and water quality.


Nepali Spell Checker Frequently Asked Questions
This section provides information on a select list of frequently asked questions and common topics on Nepali Spell Checker. One specific example for each topic is presented with the hope that the information will benefit other users who may be looking for similar information.
Some correct words no longer seem to be considered correct
Apr 4, 2013, Pardeshi - The word ठीक used to be correct, but now the spell checker shows the Raswa form to be the correct form.
NLRC - Thank you for raising an important point. With the wider adoption and the evolution of the Nepali language, various opinions, sometimes conflicting, have been raised on how the language should evolve. On issues like orthography, pronunciation and grammar, there have been conflicting arguments. In order not to adopt one set of arguments over the other and to make the resources provided by NLRC all sides can trust, we strictly follow the guidelines published by Nepal Academy.
With this background, what we are trying to point out is that because we follow the guidelines published by the Academy and the guidelines themselves get updated over time, our app is also continuously updated to reflect the changes to the Academy guidelines. What you highlighted is an example of such change.
Going back to your question, the earlier editions of the official Nepali dictionary used to have the Dirgha form, ठीक, as a valid entry. However, the later editions have removed the Dirgha form and only include the Raswa form, ठिक, meaning "correct," in the dictionary. We do not want to speak for the Academy, but our hunch is that it could be one of the many changes that have been adopted by the Academy as a result of its various efforts to bring Nepali language experts together to work out their differences and come up with common guidelines agreeable to all parties.
Checking compound words
Nov 30, 2014, Manoj Silwal - It would be wonderful if Nepal Spell Checker also checked compound words.
NLRC - Nepali Spell Checker checks simple compound words, e.g., it flags incorrect compound verbs and provides their correct forms as suggestions. Similarly, case endings, number are also checked, so are compound words separated by a hyphen.
Checking documents with non-Unicode fonts
Feb 27, 2015, John Rai - I inserted text in Preeti font, but it did not work.
NLRC - Nepali Spell Checker supports only Unicode fonts. It does not support Preeti font as it is not a Unicode font.
Some words do not seem to be in the database
Apr 4, 2013, Pardeshi - I searched for some words, but do not seem to find them.
NLRC - The most important aspect that has been considered while developing our applications is the quality of data. Rather than aiming for its quantity (correct or incorrect), we have aimed for its quality. Each word is entered manually in the database after it gets approved by subject-matter experts and after it is verified against the official Nepali dictionary and Nepali grammar and orthography rules.
There are pros and cons of this approach. The trade-off obviously is that all words cannot be entered right away. The benefit of this approach, however, is that you can trust the quality of the data and be confident that the suggestions you are getting are accurate.
When it comes to data entry, not all information get the same priority. To make data more relevant, and, most importantly, to ensure that the data our users are more likely to use gets priority, we ensure that the most relevant data gets entered first. NLRC has developed an algorithm to identify words and phrases that are most frequently used in Nepali and keeps a list of such words and phrases in descending order of relevancy. The algorithm tracks common Nepali words and phrases over time and the list is updated on a regular basis. The data entry is done by editors who have a thorough understanding of the Nepali language. During data entry, the editors start from the top of the list to ensure that the most relevant data gets entered first. Learn more.
So, even though a particular word is not available at the moment, it will be entered. When it will be entered depends on how frequently that word is used. If it is a fairly used word, it will most likely be added pretty soon.
Why suggestions do not show up for some incorrect words
Sep 24, 2013, Dass - Suggestions for some incorrect words did not show up. Could you explain the reason for this behavior?
NLRC - The spell checker automatically ignores a term if there are no suggestions available for it. Following two use cases explain this behavior.
If the term is पानि, it knows it is not correct and it tries to generate suggestions, and it will generate the correct form पानी, meaning "water," as a suggestion. Then it will say, "Hey, this does not seem to be correct and here is my suggestion" and provides the user with an option to accept or ignore the suggestion.
If the term is पानिसद, an incorrect term, it knows it is not correct. But in this case, it cannot generate appropriate suggestions. So, instead of saying, "Hey, this does not seem to be correct, and I do not have any suggestions for it," it will ignore the term and move on to the next term.
Please refer to the documentation for more information.
One of the enhancements to the app under consideration is an ability to switch to "strict checking mode," where an incorrect term for which suggestions are not available are also pointed out to the user. Let us know if that is something that you'd be interested in.
Sep 24, 2013, Dass - Thank you for your response. The strict mode, which you mentioned, would be much helpful for everyone who uses the app and for me it would be much more useful. I checked an entire document of 36 pages and corrected almost around 250 mistakes; adding additional facilities would make this app a resort. I will recommend this app to people who are in my contact.
NLRC - Your continued interest has given us more reasons to give this request a higher priority.
We have made improvements to our processes to better serve our user community. One of the changes is our new Enhancement Request submission process that has been implemented to provide a better visibility to our users on the status of their Enhancement Requests and not to lose track of many requests we receive. Please submit an Enhancement Request for this feature. Your request will be delivered to the right folks and given the appropriate priority. The Product Management team will get in touch with you if they need additional information on your request.
Thank you for continuing to use Nepali Spell Checker and for providing suggestions to make it better.
 (Your email will not be shared with others)
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text:
Professor Richard Polenberg discusses Bob Dylan's critique of political, social, racial and class inequities in the early 1960s. He discusses Dylan's view of racial injustice and such foreign policy issues as the exaggerated fear of communism and the very real danger of nuclear war.
While some of Dylan's songs dealt with highly visible problems that were front-page news at the time, others dealt with problems that were no less real, such as poverty, violence, and the cruelty of the prison system. Dylan called them his "finger-pointing" songs. Polenberg not only describes the historical context in which the songs were written, but sings and plays a number of them as well, including "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They Are A-Changing."
He is joined on some of the songs by Annie Burns, and is accompanied by his son, Michael, who plays guitar, 12-string guitar, and mandolin.


text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
Abstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid is one of the beneficial compounds for plants, which plays an important role in the resistance of plants to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some of the physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: salinity including sodium chloride at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid at two levels 0 and 1 mM with four repeats. At the end of experiment, vegetative traits, chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, starch, sucrose and total protein content were measured after 28 days of treatment. The results of salinity and salicylic acid interaction showed that salinity significantly reduced the weight and dry weight of the shoot, root dry weight and root, root penetration depth, and the height of the forage plant. Salinity of 150 mM significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a and b. In addition, the amount of sucrose and starch and protein decreased by salinity. Treatments with salicylic acid increased vegetative traits, sugars, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein under salinity stress significantly.


Question: How Do You Remove Dried Latex Paint?
What takes off dried paint?
Upon completion, clean the plastic with warm water and soap..
Does thinning latex paint change the color?
Thinning paint does not change the color but you will need to apply more coats for coverage. The Wagner can spray most latex paints without thinning but you will have to test each paint.
Can you revive dried latex paint?
How do you revive old latex paint?
If the paint still comes off in globs, add an additional ounce of room temperature water to the bucket and then mix the paint again with the stir stick. Keep adding water, one ounce at a time, until the paint reaches the consistency of heavy cream. Perform the stir stick test to check for the desired consistency.
Will mineral spirits remove latex paint?
What do you thin latex paint with?
waterLatex is a type of water-based paint, which you can thin using water. On the other hand, oil-based paints require the use of oil-based type of paint thinner.
How do you fix latex paint?
Can you use paint that has been sitting for awhile?
How do you soften hard latex paint?
How do you soften wall paint?Add water to cover the hardened acrylic, or water-based paint.Allow the paint and thinning liquid to set for at least 15 minutes.Stir or shake the paint and water, or solvent, to mix them.Allow the mixture to set longer if it is still hard, adding water or solvent as needed.Repeat as necessary.
Can you fix frozen latex paint?
Does acetone remove latex paint?
Does WD 40 remove paint?
Yes, WD-40 can remove paint from bricks. Spray WD-40 over the paint and wipe it off. Repeat if necessary, and use a hard brush to clean obstinate stains.
How do you fix chunky latex paint?
Just stir it with a stir stick, and it should settle out. If it is an older preponed can of paint, you can attempt to screen the lumps and chunks out of it. If the paint is lumpy because of contamination or exposure to freezing and thawing, then the best suggestion is to throw it away.
What happens to latex paint if it freezes?
Latex paint is most susceptible to freezing. Since it's water-based, the paint can freeze at 32 degrees Fahrenheit just like regular water. … When paint freezes, it can affect the emulsion of the paint. That means when it thaws, the consistency and texture may be ruined.
Will Goo Gone remove paint?
How do you remove latex paint?
What is the best latex paint remover?
Top 5 Latex Paint StrippersCITRISTRIP Paint And Varnish Stripper.Mostenbocker's Lift Off Latex Paint Remover.Super Remover New Generation Paint Stripper.Dumond Chemicals Smart Strip Advanced Paint Remover.Citristrip Paint & Varnish Stripping Gel.
Will Goo Gone remove latex paint?
Does acetone remove paint?
How do you get latex paint off of carpet?
Will rubbing alcohol damage car paint?


text:
This report describes the development and full-scale crash testing of a reusable crash cushion which dissipates kinetic energy through the lateral deformation of a row of nine-high molecular weight/high density polyethylene (HMW/HDPE) cylinders. This 100 km/h impact attenuation device, called the REACT 350.9, satisfies the new crash testing requirements of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. It is the first crash cushion to be approved by the FHWA for use on the National Highway System for use under the NCHRP 350 guidelines.
Most impact attenuation devices currently employed require the replacement of damaged structural components and spent energy dissipating elements following an impact event. Until these repairs and refurbishments are carried out, these safety devices are largely ineffective in that they are not able to dissipate kinetic energy in a subsequent impact in an acceptable manner such that relevant occupant risk parameters are within prescribed limits. In some cases, a significant time elapses before damaged impact attenuation devices are repaired and restored to effective operating status. This system "down-time" is a source of danger to the motoring public and presents a potentially serious tort liability exposure to the transportation agency involved. The REACT 350.9 is a reusable and self restorative narrow hazard crash cushion. It can dissipate large amounts of kinetic energy, undergo significant deformations and strains without fracturing, and then essentially regain its original shape and energy dissipation potential upon removal of the load.
November 19, 2007
John F. Carney.
Vanderbilt University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
- # of Pages: 48 p., 1,729 KB (PDF)
- Subject: Collisions, Crash cushions, Dissipation, Ethylene resins, Roads, Safety equipment, Testing, Zero maintenance systems.
- Keywords: Highway safety, impact attenuation devices, maintenance free, reusable, polyethylene, self-restoration.
- Related Publications:
This abstract was last modified April 29, 2008


The Working Classes in Revolutionary France
 - 1830 / 1832
 - 1848
 Works Cited
 - Where did the working class live?
 Boarding Houses
 Boarding Houses
 Workers who were just arriving in the city, whether for the season or forever, typically lived in boarding houses. Boarding houses were usually filled with workers who had come from the same region, and a newly arrived worker would seek out the boarding house from his region. There he would likely receive a warm welcome and help getting adjusted and finding a job.
 Boarding houses typically rented what they called furnished rooms by the night, week, or month. The rooms actually consisted only of dormitory style plank beds. Workers would often be assigned two to a bed with someone they had never met before. They, however, probably saw it as somewhat of an improvement over country life where families typically slept with the livestock.
 This picture shows a cross section of a typical apartment building. The working classes would occupy the fourth and most likely part of the fifth floor.
 Parisian House, about 1850.
 Workers who had families, or who had been established for longer often moved into apartments. They typically consisted of one or two rooms, which might be shared by more than one family or more than one generation of the same family. In addition, they also served as a workshop in many cases. For example, the husband of the family might be a weaver, in which case the looms would be set up around the apartment and the whole family would work on the weaving during the day.
 Apartment buildings of the time were typically large stone buildings with very little light or ventilation. The working class apartments in the building often did not have a fireplace or any other source of heat, and might not even have candles for light. this contibuted to the great popularity of cafes. An apartment building might have shared water and toilet on a landing or in a courtyard which all the families in the building would use. Because all provisions, including water had to be carried up the stairs, working class apartments usually occupied the upper or upper two floors of any building. The apartments might be as high as the sixth or seventh floor.
 The information on working class housing is taken from Traugott, p17-18 and throughout, as well as Maynes.