text:
Nudge or Think: What works best for our society?
If approached in the right way, citizens are willing to change their behaviour and do more to help themselves and others, according to research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). The project, carried out jointly at the universities of Manchester and Southampton, experimented with different interventions techniqueswhich encourage citizen participation and explored people's motivations for community involvement.
The researchers focused on comparing the effectiveness of 'nudge' techniques, where people are offered incentives to change their behaviour, and 'think' techniques, which takes a planned approach where people are given information, the opportunity to discuss and debate a subject, and then opportunity to act. Overall, they found that while the nudge interventions yielded better results, these were not always sustained in the long term.
Individuals responded well to nudge techniques such as doorstep canvassing, receiving feedback on their actions and to public recognition of their contribution. For example, in a recycling experiment, there was a ten per cent increase in household recycling as a result of doorstep canvassing – a nudge technique. Unfortunately, this effect did not last and after three months the increase was just four per cent.
In another experiment people were asked to pledge used books to their local library. When the donors were told that their names would be made public, another nudge technique, donations went up by 22 per cent.
The 'think' technique experiments, though less successful, offered unexpected results. On-line debate forums where people were given information on a topic and the opportunity to discuss it resulted in modest changes in their policy positions. However, this approach failed to encourage participation among people that were not already politically engaged.
Another experiment, using both techniques, attempted to encourage students to add their names to the organ donor register. Dividing students into three groups the researchers found that the group given an information booklet on organ donation experienced a 34 per cent increase in registrations; the placebo group given information on swine flu recorded a 30 per cent increase in registrations; but the group given the information on organ donation and time to discuss it achieved a 15 per cent increase in registrations.
"The think experiments gave us more modest results, but it does not mean that Governments should dismiss this approach," argues Professor John. "Face-to-face techniques, more so than on-line, offer the potential for a richer and more complex platform for discussion and participation."
The researchers also identified that people with positive feelings about their neighbourhood, but with a distrust of government institutions, are more likely to get involved in their local area.
"The findings are very positive and supports the idea that a local approach using nudge and think techniques can lead to citizens getting involved in collective neighbourhood activities," states Professor John. "In order to sustain any actions the Government has to adopt a more experimental culture, using local authorities and groups as well. Based on our findings we suggest that a mixture of nudge and think techniques combined with opportunity for positive two-way feedback - government to citizen and citizen to government - is needed."
For further information contact:
Professor Peter John
Telephone 07780 983928
ESRC Press Office:
- Jeanine Woolley
Telephone 01793 413119
- Melanie Knetsch
Telephone 01793 413049
Notes for editors
- This release is based on the findings from 'Rediscovering the Civic and Achieving Better Outcomes in Public Policy', funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The research was conducted jointly by teams at the University of Manchester and the University of Southampton. Professor Peter John who led the research was based at the University of Manchester and is now at University College London. Other co-investigators include Professor Gerry Stoker and Professor Graham Smith from University of Southampton.
- The team carried out a range of research developing innovative experiments on charitable giving, recycling, volunteering, and people deliberating controversial topics online. They used randomised control trials and other experiments to get robust evidence about ways to change civic behaviour. To understand what causes people to participate in civic activities they also conducted secondary data analysis of the 2005 English Citizenship Survey.
- The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues. It supports independent, high quality research which has an impact on business, the public sector and the third sector. The ESRC's total budget for 2012/13 is £205 million. At any one time the ESRC supports over 4,000 researchers and postgraduate students in academic institutions and independent research institutes. More at _URL_
- The ESRC confirms the quality of its funded research by evaluating research projects through a process of peers review. This research has been graded as outstanding.


text:
Структурные изменения и инновации в системе научных коммуникаций
This article is devoted to study of key structural changes taking place in scholarly communication. The author describes some tendencies which could be regarded as evidences of the crisis in the existing system of academic publishing. The special attention is paid to the problem of commercialization of this system. Scientific community tries to overcome the emerging abuses using such remedies as new digital technologies and cooperation of libraries and different research organizations. Brief analysis of these initiatives is included.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The City of Aventura offers innovative educational programming to public, private, parochial and home-school students. These school-day performances are affordably priced and open to the public! You'll find literature-based shows that reinforce reading skills and music and dance performances that introduce students to everything from ballet to modern dance. We also provide curriculum-connected study guides so that students can prepare before each performance. The programs are curriculum-driven and aligned with Common Core Standards. Our diverse programming ensures that the arts remain an integral part of education for today's students.


Was CalPers researched?
Reader Input
-A +A
I am a retired Placer County employee and because you mentioned CalPers a couple of times in your editorial (Our View, Aug. 3), I have a few questions. 1. In researching your editorial, did you communicate, or even attempt to communicate with any CalPers management staff? 2. Did you ask CalPers to describe any efforts they have already undertaken to reform the pensions of public workers? 3. Since public worker pensions are controlled by state law, and CalPers must act within those statutes, have you communicated with any of the state senators or assemblypersons that initiated those (public worker pension) laws? Ken Englund, Auburn


Author Archives: admin
Ghost in the Shell Weakness
Summary: Users can be inserted into a system's underlying operating system that cannot be seen by the administrator's view from the web admin interface. This allows undetectable users (Ghosts) access to the system, usually at least via ssh (Shell) access, sometimes even web access, and the administrators have no insight or control over these accounts. This is a result in a weakness in these systems where the user information reflected in the web interface used by the administrator does not mirror the users in the underlying operating system; it is a issue between the authentication and the authorization in a system.
Numerous systems utilize a web front-end for administrative control. They also offer the ability to add, alter and drop users with various privileges as it relates to the functionality of the system.
Ghost in the Shell is potential architectural weakness in these systems where the user information reflected in the web interface used by the administrator does not mirror the users in the underlying operating system. Many web UI or REST APIs use the underlying operating system for authentication, the system's logic also tracks an additional set of user capabilities within their own configuration files and datasets for authorization capabilities. If there is a discrepancy between the user information in the UI or REST API's interface system and the underlying operating system's user listing, this may create a weakness in the system. The user information in the underlying operating system can be manipulated in ways that will not reflect back to the administrator's interface to the system. This allows a malicious user to insert an account into the base operating system that will not be viewable by an administrator utilizing the web or REST interface functionality, a Ghost account. Furthermore, the inserted user can have root privileges, allowing for full access to the system including access to a remote Shell. In some cases, the Ghost account may also have access to the web interface. In other observed cases, the user can authenticate to the web UI to gain access while still not showing as a valid user in the admin view.
If the user exist in the underlying operating system, but not in the web interface's authorization database, the web interface can allow the user to log in, but because they don't exist within the Web Apps User list, they may not be displayed as an existing user. An admin would have no way of managing/removing/updating the account.
I first stumbled across this when doing some pen testing against one of my devices a couple of years ago. While poking around, I captured a create new user message for a new user, User2.
The Group_Name field peeked my me curiousity as it had "Users" for the group, so I tried changing the value to "admin"…
.. and hit submit. The system I was testing returned a success but when I looked at the list of users, there was no "User2" listed.
Out of curiosity, I tried SSHing into the device with the user account User2 with the defined password and…
I was able to ssh into the device with the User2 account even though the web system did not show User2 as a valid user; the account even had root privileges! Next, I then tried to log in via the web interface with User2, was let in and had admin privileges from the web interface as well. I had created a user in the system, with admin privileges, who could not be administered via the admin's web interface. From the admin's perspective, User2 did not exist; it was a Ghost account with ssh Shell privileges.
I noted all the details down for a report (this was reported to the company in 2017). I thought this was a really interesting finding but it wasn't until a few days later that this might be more wide spread problem.
I started looking to see if other systems had similar issues; to quickly check, I would ssh into a device and directly insert a user into the Linux passwd and shadow file. I would then log into the web interface using the standard admin account to see if the inserted user was listed. I found multiple cases where the system did not display the inserted user to the admin. Note, this inserted (Ghost) user always was able to ssh (Shell) into the device. In some cases, the inserted user was even able to log into the web interface; the admin's view from the web interface would not display the Ghost user.
An attacker can exploit this weakness through several methods:
2. An attacker can leverage a command injection attack available through the web interface to insert a Ghost account with Shell privileges such as ssh.
3. An attacker can leverage existing web interface APIs, manipulated in such a way that a new user is interested into the operating system and the user web account is either partially created or not at all.
4. Attacker can create an admin account which is viewable by an administrator, use this account to create the Ghost account, delete logs and delete the first created admin account.
Many of these attacker scenarios can be realized by leveraging a number of available XSS, command injection authentication bypass or logic flaws attacks on the various systems.
Yes, the attacker usually needs some form of admin privileges but it provides them persistent access that cannot be managed nor viewed; this is the danger.
A system administrator, using the web UI or REST interface, would have no means to detect the existence of such an account nor would they have a way to remove such an account.On a number of such systems, the administrators do not utilize or even have access to a command line interface.
This weakness has been confirmed in popular network access devices from two different manufacturers. As shown above for one device, a specially crafted Create User message would allow an attacker to insert an account with full root privileges, including ssh and the web interface but will not be displayed in the user management screen. In both, an account can be injected into the base operating system's passwd and shadow files, allowing ssh access, that is not shown in the web interface's user management screens. The weakness has also been confirmed in three other systems.
To test if your device has this weakness, this is a sample inject into a Linux system that will add an account "user2" with root privileges on one of the NAS devices. Ssh into the target system with root privileges and inject the following account "user2" directly into the Linux system. (Note, backup your passwd and shadow file first)
echo "user2:x:0:0::/root:/" >> /etc/passwd; echo "user2:\$6\$IdvyrM6VJnG8Su5U\$1gmW3Nm.IO4vxTQDQ1C8urm72JCadOHZQwqiH/nRtL8dPY80xS4Ovsv5bPCMWnXKKWwmsocSWXupUf17LB3oS.:17256:0:99999:7:::" >> /etc/shadow;
If the above resulted in an account that was not viewable from the web interface but could still SSH into the device and/or also login via the web interface; then your system may be vulnerable to the Ghost in the Shell weakness. The password should be the single character "1"; it is for testing only.
This research was conducted on my own time, on my personally owned hardware, devices and systems and is in no way connected with my employer.
Synology DiskStation Findings II
This is the second part to my findings for the Synology DiskStation
Blind Operating System Command Injection
Working with Synology
Synology DiskStation Security Findings
On to the findings!
Vulnerability #1
CVE-2017-12076 and CVE-2017-12077
Denial of Service
Vulnerability #2 CVE-2017-12074
Path Traversal and File Write
This attack required admin privileges on the system.
Vulnerability #3 CVE-2017-9555
Reflected XSS
Working with Synology
Preventing XSS in Your Application
Explain XSS and How to Mitigate It?
This is one of my interview questions; almost everyone can explain XSS decently but very few understand how to protect against it. I have heard everything from sanitizing input (wrong) to using ESAPI to filter incoming requests (even more wrong since ESAPI in support mode with no new features and is mostly used for black list filtering), to a few mentioning output encoding (mostly right but context matters) and so far, only one has mentioned Content Security Policy headers.
What is XSS
Cross Site Scripting happens when a malicious actor sends a string to a server. This string is delivered to the victim's web browser and the browser interprets the string as a script to execute. These scripts can perform many different malicious actions on behalf of the malicious actor using the victim's authenticated sessions.
There are three types of XSS. 1) Reflected XSS is when input sent to a server in a request and is immediately returned; an example would be a search parameter whose value is returned in a page. 2) Stored XSS is when the server retains the string and later delivers it when certain pages are viewed such as a posted message in a board or a Name field. 3) The third type, DOM based XSS, is not addressed.
The above image shows a XSS embedded in a digital certificate. I was able to create a digital certificate with a XSS in the certificate's name. This allowed the XSS to bypass the system's Black and White lists. When the admin viewed the certificate, the server decoded the cert and sent the strings to the admin's web browser where the XSS was rendered. In this case, the XSS was a Rick Roll (one of my favorite demonstrations) but any javascript could have been embedded in the field. The above was fixed years ago before it ever


text:
JNP Group provide expert geotechnical and environmental investigation and advice to a diverse range of clients in construction and industry. This enables us to provide comprehensive and cost effective solutions to development on contaminated and/or poor ground sites, utilising best practice for protection of the environment and inhabitants.
Contaminated Land Investigation, Assessment and Remediation
Contaminated land may present a hazard to the environment and/or human health. We are committed to providing cost effective solutions to the remediation of contaminated land prior to development. Faced with ever changing legislation, clients increasingly rely on our expertise to minimise risk and provide robust and cost effective solutions to their development problems.
Whether you are a landowner, a construction company, a property developer or financial institution JNP Group has the expertise to turn sites viewed as potential liabilities into commercial assets.
JNP Group offer the following services in contaminated land and landfill:
- Walkover surveys and desk top studies.
- Conceptual site model design.
- Ground investigations for geotechnical design and land quality.
- Human health, controlled waters and ecological quantitative risk assessment.
- Ground gas assessments.
- Options appraisal and remediation design.
- Waste classification of soils.
- Verification and validation.
- Japanese Knotweed identification and management of treatment options.
We recognise that contaminated land reclamation is much more than the remediation of contaminated soil and water, and so our team is skilled in a wide range of other services, including hydrogeology, sustainable urban drainage systems, infrastructure, flooding, noise reduction, air quality, structural engineering, roads and sewers design.
Additional environmental services provided by JNP Group include:
- Asbestos surveys, investigation and assessments.
- Baseline condition and closure/decommissioning.
- Construction environmental management plans.
- Compliance monitoring.
- Due diligence.
- Environmental permitting applications.
- Environmental impact assessments and environmental statements.
- Hydrogeological assessments.
- Specialist chemical testing.
- Third party review of reports.
- Water supply ground assessments and investigation.
JNP Group have experience of undertaking geotechnical appraisals for a wide range of development types on both greenfield and brownfield sites. Our specialists have experience in the following disciplines:
- Foundation design and analysis.
- Slope stability appraisal and analysis.
- Retaining wall design.
- Earthworks design and specification.
- Ground improvement design.
- In situ CBR testing and interpretation.
- Soakaway testing.
- Testing for the recycling of aggregates.
- Piling foundation risk assessment.
- Tree influence design.
- Coal mining investigation.
For further information on our wide range of Environmental services please contact
Hilary Ilsley: _EMAIL_ or on 01926 889955
For further information on our wide range of Geotechnical services please contact
Jeff Mosforth: _EMAIL_ or on 01926 889955


text:
Author: Richard A. Hawkins
Type: Teaching Guide
Newspapers, in all their various formats and missions, have long been crucial sources of information about political, social, economic and cultural events and trends. For most lecturers, they have been a fixture of reportage for centuries. However, the rise of digital media has, for perhaps the first time, threatened the relevancy and future of the newspaper industry. Therefore, many incoming undergraduates may fail to appreciate their richness and value as a historical source and this lack of enthusiasm may deter history lecturers and tutors from using them. This guide aims to offer advice and examples of reintegrating newspapers, namely digitised newspapers, into university history teaching.


Unemployment benefits in Austria
Austria provides a comprehensive system of social security and welfare schemes. Unemployment insurance is managed by the public employment service (AMS), which is also responsible for measures of active labor market policy. In this article, you will learn when you have a right to receive unemployment benefits, how much you are receiving and how long as well as some other details about unemployment benefits in Austria.
When I can get unemployment benefits in Austria and what are the requirements?
In the event of losing a job or becoming jobless, you may be eligible for unemployment benefits (Arbeitslosengeld). The main requirement is that you have completed a minimum period of insurance which means that you were employed in Austria for at least 52 weeks during the last 24 months, or 26 weeks within the last 12 months if you are below the age of 25 years. If you are entitled to unemployment benefits, you must be unemployed, able and willing to work (to accept suitable employment), be at the disposal of the public employment service (AMS), and not have exhausted your entitlement.
The purpose of unemployment benefits is to secure your livelihood while you are seeking employment. After you exhaust your entitlement to unemployment benefits, you may be eligible for unemployment assistance if your disposable family income is not sufficient to meet your essential needs.
How much is the unemployment benefit in Austria, how can I get it and what is the duration?
Unemployment benefit in Austria equals 55% of your daily net income (it could theoretically go up to 80% in case of your entitlement to family allowances). Daily net income is calculated based on your average past earnings.
The duration of getting unemployment benefits in Austria is at least 20 weeks. The exact duration depends on the period of your previous employment (paid unemployment insurance) and your age. The duration of unemployment benefit increases to longer than 20 weeks according to the following rules:
Unemployment benefit durationThe period of being previously insured (employed) and person's age
30 weeks3 years within the last 5 years
39 weeks6 years within the last 10 years and has reached the age of 40
52 weeks9 years within the last 15 years and had reached the age of 50
Once you become unemployed, you have to register with the Labour Market Service (AMS) and claim unemployment benefits. While you are receiving the benefit, you are required to report to the Labour Market Service (AMS) at the agreed times to discuss your search for employment with your personal officer.
You must also immediately inform the Labour Market Service, without being asked, of any changes in your personal circumstances or those of your family members which may affect your entitlement to a benefit. These include taking up employment or other changes in your income situation.
Unemployment benefit is paid from the date of application. However, if you have resigned from your job without good reason, benefit is suspended for four weeks.
While you are unemployed, the Labour Market Service pays sickness and pension insurance contributions on your behalf. In addition, you are insured against certain accidents.
Unemployment assistance amounts to 92% of your most recent unemployment benefit payment. If the unemployment benefit (without family supplements) is below the compensatory supplement reference level for single persons, unemployment allowance amounts to 95% of unemployment benefit. Moreover, the age and family situation of the unemployed person as well as their financial circumstances (their income or that of the spouse, cohabiting or registered partner living in their household) are taken into account when calculating the amount of unemployment assistance. Under certain conditions, various expenses (e.g. those incurred through an illness, purchase of property etc.) will also be taken into account.
In case of short-term entitlement to unemployment benefit, there might be a certain reduction after six months. Unemployment assistance is granted for an unlimited period of time, but only for one year at a time.
You must claim unemployment assistance in person from the competent Labour Market Service (AMS). It is recommended that you apply before your entitlement to unemployment benefit expires. If you have an eAMS account, you can also submit your application online.
Whenever you have to fulfil certain conditions before being able to claim an Austrian social security benefit, the authorities will also take into account any insurance periods you have completed in other countries. This applies to EU Member States and to Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Iceland. No insurance period you have completed in Austria will be affected if you work or are insured in one of these countries.
Can I earn something in addition to the employment benefit?
It is possible to earn unemployment benefits in addition to this. The additional earnings limit is the insignificance limit of 405.98 euros (as of 2015).
All employment must be reported to the AMS. If you are found doing an unregistered job, it is assumed that your earnings are above the marginal earnings threshold and you lose your unemployment benefit for the duration of this unreported employment and you must expect a refund of the unemployment benefit of at least 4 weeks.
For third country nationals
There are only five countries where bilateral agreements on social security include unemployment benefits: Bosnia & Herzegovina, Israel, Republic of Macedonia, North Montenegro and Serbia. Please note that in most cases the agreement only settles addition of insurance periods to determine the qualifying periods. Details at the Main Association of Social Security Institutions (Hauptverband der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger): _URL_ (in German).
Guaranteed Minimum Resources
Guaranteed minimum benefits (Mindestsicherung) are provided for persons who have no reasonable funds to pay for their living costs or those of their family members. Guaranteed minimum benefits are intended to support individuals who can no longer pay for their living costs on their own. An amount stipulated every year corresponds to costs for covering the required costs of food, clothing, body care, heating and electricity, furnishings and other personal needs such as appropriate social and cultural involvement as well as housing needs. Guaranteed minimum resources benefits are only available when no other sufficient financial means (such as income, social security benefits, etc.) or assets are available.
EU and EEA (European Economic Area) nationals, respectively, are only unrestrictedly entitled to guaranteed minimum resources if they are in Austria as employees or have lived here for more than five years. Nationals of third countries are only eligible to receive guaranteed minimum resources if they have been legally residing in Austria for more than five years. The amount of the guaranteed minimum resources will be determined individually by each federal province.
Important terms and explanations:
You are willing to work if you are prepared to take up suitable employment.
Work foundation is a special employment training scheme, organised together with one or more companies concerned, which provides skills training at an early stage of unemployment or in situations where a large group of people are likely to become unemployed because of staff reductions.
Your eAMS account is your personal access point to the Austrian Labour Market Service (AMS). An eAMS account allows you to access your personal AMS data and to use AMS's online services.
Maximum assessment base is a calculated maximum value which can be used as the basis for calculation of unemployment benefit.
Habitual residence – The term 'habitual residence' is defined under EU law (please see the EU Regulation on the coordination of social security systems). In practice, it means the place where you have your centre of interests.
Leave your thoughts
"By expats for expats"


text:
_PHONE_ - IEEE Guide for Specification of High-Voltage Direct-Current Systems: Part 1 - Steady State Performance
Description: The report provides general guidance on the steady-state performance requirements of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems. It concerns the steady-state performance of two-terminal HVDC systems utilizing 12 pulse converter units consisting of three-phase bridge (double way) connections. Excluded are multi-terminal HVDC transmission systems. Both converters are assumed to use thyristor valves as the main semiconductor valves and to have power flow capability in both directions. No consideration is given to diode valves.


text:
The King Air C90A/B Workbook is your one source for King Air C-90 information.
- It's a system review guide. As an A&P mechanic, I know the King Air C-90A/B systems. But as a professional pilot and instructor, I know how to explain each system in enough detail to give you a complete working knowledge of the airplane without superfluous information. I teach you what you need to know in a concise, easy to read format. A quiz at the end of each chapter reinforces your system knowledge.
- It's a Power Settings Guide. These aren't some power settings I've pulled out of a book. I actually use these every day teaching pilots how to fly the C-90A/B.
- It has Profiles and Flows. I've included profiles for approaches, stalls and single engine procedures. It also includes a cockpit flow that make setting the cockpit up for flight easy and intuitive.
- It's an Emergency Review Guide. Every Emergency and abnormal checklist is at your finger tips. This allows you to study the procedures before you need them.
- An Expanded Checklist Guide. I've included those hard to find preflight system checklists. I take you step by step through the Auto-feather test, the overspeed governor check, pressurization test and more.
- It's a Practical Tip Guide. I've included dozens of useful tips to make flying the King Air C-90A/B easier and more economical.
- It's a workbook. This book has over 120 questions and answers that help you retain the information.
The Workbook contains over 170 information packed pages about the King Air C-90A/B.
King Air C90A/B - The Training Workbook - eBook
The King Air C90A/B Workbook is a compilation of 25 years of instructional experience in the C-90A/B. The book covers serial number LJ1063 - LJ1754.


text:
Reconstruct Your 2D SEM Images in 3D
Your scanning electron microscope measures and analyzes all kinds of samples in 2D: to analyze the surfaces of samples in 3D, use the system extension 3DSM. 3DSM, the computer-based application from ZEISS, provides you with topographical information by reconstructing a complete 3D model of the surface from SEM's AsB-Detector signals.
- Perform a 3D surface reconstruction of samples examined with electron microscopes equipped with an AsB or 4QBSD detector
- Upgrade your MERLIN FE-SEM with 3DSM Metrology to gain automatic measurements and documentation in compliance with ISO 25178, DIN and ASME and other standards for routine checks


text:
"Solve ADHD Behavioral Challenges at School" with Ross W. Greene, Ph.D.
In this hour-long webinar-on-demand, learn how to identify the root cause of your child's behaviors, figure out a strategy for addressing problem behaviors in a proactive way, understand how to work collaboratively with your child's school, and more with Ross W. Greene, Ph.D.
Full Product Description
INSTANT ACCESS! In this audio webinar and slide presentation of "Solve ADHD Behavioral Challenges at School," Ross W. Greene, Ph.D., discusses:
- How to identify the root cause of your child's challenging behaviors
- A process for addressing problem behaviors in a proactive way
- Strategies for working collaboratively with your child's school
Meet the expert: Ross W. Greene, Ph.D., is the author of the well-known books The Explosive Child and Lost at School, and the originator of a model of care emphasizing collaborative resolutions to the problems contributing to children's behavioral challenges. He is also associate clinical professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Greene founded the nonprofit Lives in the Balance to provide free, web-based resources and to advocate on behalf of behaviorally challenged kids and their parents, teachers, and other caregivers.


text:
An SQL statement can be preceded by the keyword "EXPLAIN" or by the phrase "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN". Either modification causes the SQL statement to behave as a query and to return information about how the SQL statement would have operated if the EXPLAIN keyword or phrase had been omitted.
The output from EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN is intended for interactive analysis and troubleshooting only. The details of the output format are subject to change from one release of SQLite to the next. Applications should not use EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN since their exact behavior is variable and only partially documented.
When the EXPLAIN keyword appears by itself it causes the statement to behave as a query that returns the sequence of virtual machine instructions it would have used to execute the command had the EXPLAIN keyword not been present. When the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN phrase appears, the statement returns high-level information regarding the query plan that would have been used.
The EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN command is described in more detail here.
The EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefixes affect the behavior of running a prepared statement using sqlite3_step(). The process of generating a new prepared statement using sqlite3_prepare() or similar is (mostly) unaffected by EXPLAIN. (The exception to the previous sentence is that some special opcodes used by EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN are omitted when building an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prepared statement, as a performance optimization.)
This means that actions that occur during sqlite3_prepare() are unaffected by EXPLAIN.
Some PRAGMA statements do their work during sqlite3_prepare() rather than during sqlite3_step(). Those PRAGMA statements are unaffected by EXPLAIN. They operate the same with or without the EXPLAIN prefix. The set of PRAGMA statements that are unaffected by EXPLAIN can vary from one release to the next. Some PRAGMA statements operate during sqlite3_prepare() depending on their arguments. For consistent results, avoid using EXPLAIN on PRAGMA statements.
The authorizer callback is invoked regardless of the presence of EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
*** DRAFT ***


text:
Camps at Engineering For Kids of Greater Nashville Area
The Fun, Educational Camp Your Child Is Bound to Enjoy!
At Engineering For Kids, our camps are carefully structured to provide your child with the enrichment he or she needs to grow and thrive. Our camps run in the spring, winter, and summer for your convenience. Our programs come in many varieties to accommodate your schedule, such as half-day camps, full-day camps, and holiday break camps. We also host camps on scheduled days off for reasons such as professional work days, teacher conference days, etc.
Just a few of these beneficial opportunities include:
- Teamwork: Most of our camps schedule fun and engaging teamwork activities that teach children the value of investing in others.
- Resilience and motivation: Our challenging programs help to teach kids how to keep trying. This also helps them feel accomplished when they succeed, which develops their will to learn.
- Decision-making: Our uniquely structured activities help children establish and build upon great decision-making skills, which can help build confidence.
In addition, the wide range of activities and classes that we offer encourage children to try new things, which is a beneficial skill that can be applied in several instances throughout adulthood.
Thank you so much for helping make our STEM night such a great success! The Engineering for Kids stations were a huge hit and the students were really engaged and interested in all of the hands-on learning that you guys brought! We can't thank you enough for making our event so great! - Melanie
Summer Camps | 2020
Harding Academy, Nashville TN
Contact Harding Academy for pricing.
June 1 - June 5
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. 2nd - 7th) - MinecraftEdu: Traveling Into the future
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. 2nd - 7th) – Engineering Olympiad STEM Camp
June 15 – June 19
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. 2nd - 7th) – Minecraft - Redstone
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. 2nd - 7th) – 3D Printing-Minecraft Creations
June 22 – June 26
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. k -2nd) Jr. Coding 101 STEM Camp
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. k – 2nd) – Jr. Engineers Under Construction STEM Camp
July 20 – July 24
- 8:30-11:30 AM (GR. 2nd – 7th) Game Design-Invader DefenseAlien Invasion
- 12:00-3:00 PM (GR. 2nd -7th) –Wreck – it – Week STEM Camp
Lipscomb Academy - Nashville
$175 per Camp, Morning or Afternoon, Full Day $350
June 1 - June 5
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) - 3D Printing-Minecraft Creations
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Robotics 101
June 8 – June 12
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. Robotics Lab
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. Engineers under Construction
June 15 – June 19
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) -Electronic Game DesignRacing Games
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Wreck – itWeek STEM Camp
June 22 – June 26
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) -Jr. Robotics (Simple Machines)
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. Inventors Workshop STEM Camp(Toys)
July 13 – July 17
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Out of this World Space STEM Camp
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 5th - 8th) – Robotics, Mission to Mars
July 20 – July 24
- 9:00AM-12:00 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. coding 101 STEM Camp
- 12:30PM-3:30 PM (Entering. 1st - 4th) – Jr. STEM Adventure Camp
Out of this World Camp
During Out of this World camp, students will explore three fields of engineering: aerospace, civil, and chemical. Collaborating with their Space State teams, they will design and construct a variety of projects that will enable mankind to safely inhabit the moon.
Heroes Week STEM Camp
During Heroes Week, students will explore the fields of environmental engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering as they design and construct tools that will help them protect the world, as all good superheroes do.
Engineers Under Construction Camp
Put on your hard hats engineers and join us for our Engineers Under Construction! In this camp, students work hard to apply their knowledge of construction to save the beach from erosion and build their very own city from the ground up. From roads and tunnels to buildings and skyscrapers, students discover that no job's too tough for an Engineering for Kids engineer!
Jr. Coding 101 STEM Camp
During this camp, our Youngest Engineers will be introduced to the basic concept of coding. This class is a mixture of fun and learning using a robot and computer to create, design and code their way through an array of mazes and endless engineering learning experiences. Students will also color code commands with special markers, program their bots and see it in action. Join us, in this fun and learning adventure of coding.
How Amusing STEM Camp
Ah, the thrill of an amusement park…zipping around on racecars, zooming through the loops of a rollercoaster, trying your luck at a floating boat game, Marble Run, Ferris Wheels, and more. During this camp, students will divide into theme park teams. They will challenge other teams in specific engineering-related contests with the goal of creating the most fantastic and thrilling theme park experience. At the end of the week, only one team will emerge as the winner and will be granted the prestigious honor of creating the world's next great amusement park for children ages 0-99 to enjoy for summers to come!
Jr. STEM Camp – Wings Wheels and Sails
Everyone has to travel, and engineers are involved in all the steps of designing different modes of transportation as well as inventing and designing tools that aid in travel. During this camp students will explore areas of engineering such as mechanical, civil, marine, and aerospace engineering. They will explore the thought process behind road design, construct shapes that make sound bridges and test them, design a boat to float across the ocean, and discover and build designs that let us travel through the air and even into space.
Electronic Game Design: Racing Games
A racing video game is a video game genre in which the player controls a vehicle in a racing competition. In this lesson, the player controls the vehicle from a third-person point of view. The game may take place in any setting the creator chooses. From the famous NASCAR Daytona 500 to an imaginary space race, anything is possible.You see it all the time: children race their bikes around the cul-de-sac, so many students will already know the rules of the track. Students will design their own racetrack, race cars, and an environment to race them in. At the end of the program, everyone takes home a working game.
3D Printing Super Heroes
3D printers are one of the most widely applicable and fun inventions on the tech scene today! In 3D Printing: Superheroes To The Rescue, we will explore the basic concepts of 3D printing and computer-aided design, or CAD, to design and create our very own 3D printed superhero! Students will take their hand drawn design and learn how to extrude it into a 3D model that can then be modified to be printed in 3D.
Electronic Game Design: Racing Games - Motocross
Ladies and gentlemen start your engines! On your mark, get set, GO! Kids are drawn to the excitement of a race. They hoot and holler in anticipation that the car they chose will cross the finish line first. We will use the Engineering Design Process to create a storyboard that will outline the rules of play and characters for our game based on the basic rules of racing. Then, we will use Clickteam Fusion 2.5® to bring our storyboard to life with programming. At the end of the program, everyone takes home a working Windows-compatible game.
Electronic Game Design: Invader Defense - Bug Invasion!
Eek! The bugs are after our birthday cake!! In Electronic Game Design: Bug Invasion, we will create our own version of an invader defense game that is set in a home where we have to defend our birthday cake from an infestation of ravenous bugs! We will use the Engineering Design Process to create a storyboard to outline the rules of play and characters for our game. Then, we will use Clickteam Fusion


text:
- Security of the data is extremely important when online surveys are used. The IRB therefore recommends that researchers use the encrypted version of commercial software (e.g. Survey Monkey). This version, sometimes referred to as a professional version, protects the confidentiality of the transaction. There is usually a fee for the encrypted version.
- If you are using Survey Monkey (or other commercial software), please add the following language to the consent form:
"We are making every effort to ensure that no one knows what your responses were on the survey. Survey Monkey (or other commercial software) is a well known company that collects data for online survey research. The researchers have purchased an encrypted version of their product to reduce the risk to subjects that their responses will be viewed by unauthorized persons. However, the study is not being run from a secure http server such as those used to handle credit card transactions, so there is a small possibility that responses could be viewed by unauthorized third parties, such as computer hackers."
- Please include the online version of the survey with your application. The IRB requests the online version to ensure the following:
a. The survey includes the necessary language. Most commercial software vendors (e.g. Survey Monkey) will allow you to create surveys for free.
b. Participants should have the option to skip questions. The IRB must ensure that the survey is designed so that participants are not forced to answer one question before going to the next.
Other Pertinent Information
After the study has been approved, please add as a footer or header the following information:
- "Hunter College (CUNY) Human Research Protection Program (HRPP) Office Approved From: (add approval date) To: (add expiration date)." This information can be found on the approval letter.
- Protocol #(add protocol number). This information can be found on the approval letter.


text:
The board will employ an electromagnet hooked to motors controlled by an arduino to move chess pieces with magnets on the bottom. The board will have reed switches on the bottom for piece detection. The player should be able to make a move and signal the end of the move by an input on the board. The board will then determine if the move is legal, and if so will physically synchronize the second board to the first one. If the move is illegal, the board will notify the user.
While there exist magnetic boards to play chess against a computer, there are no magnetic boards that allow for playing against another person. Currently, in order to play a second person, one must either 1) Play chess online or 2) Keep two boards synced by hand, calling in moves to and from the other person. The first option is fine for many people, however there are many older people who do not bother learning to use a computer or can not figure out more than the most basic of tasks. There are also players who prefer the physical aspects of playing chess. This would allow for these types of people to play without requiring the other player to also be at the board.
PRESENTATIONS & VIDEOS


text:
Required of all first-year students in their first semester, the First-Year Seminar in Critical Inquiry is a small, writing-intensive class. Taught by a professor who also serves as their academic adviser, each seminar invites students to engage in a set of issues, questions, or ideas that can be illuminated by the interdisciplinary perspectives of the liberal arts.
The Skills to Succeed at Wooster
Through FYS, students develop the abilities, and especially the writing skills, that are essential to critical thinking. These abilities include interpreting complex texts, constructing an argument, supporting the argument with evidence, defending the argument orally, and critiquing multiple perspectives, including one's own.
FYS introduces students to the independent thinking and academic skills that they will need in subsequent courses, including Junior and Senior Independent Study.
Criteria for Courses in First-Year Seminar
All First-Year Seminars will:
- provide students with clear opportunities to meet the learning objectives;
- introduce questions and problems that are intellectually challenging as well as interesting and comprehensible to first-year students;
- approach issues from a number of perspectives, methods, and points of view;
- create the opportunity for students to pose problems and pursue their own questions in relation to the course themes;
- introduce students to substantive texts of a variety of kinds;
- require a minimum of five graded writing assignments that encourage students to engage in a variety of intellectual tasks, including synthesizing, judging, and comparing different approaches or points of view and drawing on several sources in constructing an argument.
In any given year, topics cover a wide range of issues and ideas. For example:
- The Drugs We Drink: Biological and Societal Perspectives
- World on Fire: The Religious Roots of Political Violence
- Heating Up the Planet: Response to a Catastrophe
- Aristotle and the Pursuit of Happiness
- Experiments in Reading and Writing: Solving the Mystery
- The Great War and Human Memory


Sign up ×
My A/C is not working. I checked the panel and the LED light code told me that there was a fuse blown or a short in the circuit. I checked and confirmed that the fuse had blown. If the fuse blows again, how do I check for a short or broken wire in the circuit between the panel and the thermostat?
Here is the layout:
Control Panel:
 White Red/Blue White Yellow Orange Green (Wires)
 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Hum Com W Y R G (Terminals)
 Green Blue Red Yellow White (Wires)
 0 0 0 0 0
 G Rc Rh Y W
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
Use a Network Cable Tester
To find shortand open-circuit conductors in any low-voltage multi conductor cable, I recommend
 1. isolating the cable from all devices (i.e. disconnect it from the furnace/heatpump/AC and thermostat), and
 2. using a network cable electrical tester and RJ45 breakout adapters to test it.
RJ45 Breakout Adapter
You need two of these. One for each end of the cable.
This is one style:
enter image description here
Here is another:
enter image description here
Network Cable Electrical Tester
You need one of these 2-part devices. They are very simple and cost about $10.
enter image description here
Making the Connections
Attach an adapter to each end of the cable under test (CUT). Decide on a mapping between CUT wire colors and pins 1 to 8 marked on the adapter. The mapping can be arbitrary, but you should use the same mapping at both ends.
Connect one part of the tester to the adapter at each end of the CUT. Depending on the adapters and tester, you may need some short network patch cables to do this. If you do use patch cables, make sure they are straight through and not crossover cables.
Performing the Test
To perform the test, you just switch on the tester and confirm that its lights flash according to the expected pattern. You will need to read your tester's manual to determine the expected pattern and interpret what a deviation from that pattern means in terms of shortand open-circuits. This video shows one of these testers in use including the flash pattern for that particular tester.
There are, of course, limitations to this method. Here are the ones I can think of off the top of my head:
 - Limited to 8 conductors at a time
 - will not detect shorts to ground via other cabling
 - can be confused by even very low voltages applied to conductors by shorts to energized circuits (although you'll probably still learn that there's something awry)
share|improve this answer
The wire colorings of HVAC systems are used as a guide that not everyone decides to follow when installing systems so make sure to document where each wire goes to before disconnecting. This will at minimum get you safely back to where you started. – Jason Jun 19 '13 at 17:53
If it is a break 99% of the time it was caused by someone or something. A wire just doesnt break. So inspect anywhere the wire is exposed. If there is nothing obvious I would take the thermostat off the wall and hook it up at the terminal. You just need a need a short wire or wires. See if it works. This will let you know if its the thermostat/ a/c unit or the wire. If you can not run a new wire you can get a wireless thermostat. Its probably going to be a couple hundred dollars though.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
X3D (and it's older version, VRML) is a file format for 3D models. You will find that virtually any 3D modeling program can export to it, for example Blender includes an X3D exporter (see also our Blender exporting notes).
As a 3D file format, X3D is quite unique, as
It's not only a file format. It's actually a very flexible scene graph for 3D applications. Every X3D node corresponds to a Pascal class with appropriate fields, and you can freely create and modify X3D nodes at runtime.
It's designed to describe virtual 3D worlds, not just static scenes. So you can express animations, interactive behaviors (e.g. open the door when user presses a handle), and scripting right inside the X3D file. Many advanced graphic effects are also possible, like mirrors by generated cube map textures, screen effects, shadow maps, shadow volumes, effects using GLSL shaders and much more.
Note that our engine supports many other 3D and 2D file formats too, like Collada, Wavefront OBJ, Spine JSON, and (soon) glTF. They are all loaded into a graph of X3D nodes. So X3D is our scene graph, but it's absolutely not the only file format that we support.
Learning X3D: Use this part of the documentation to learn about the available X3D nodes and their fields.
The nodes in the official X3D specification are divided into components. We list all the supported nodes, with links to their X3D specification. For some nodes, we also mention eventual caveats or simple extensions that we have implemented.
The unofficial nodes that we add documents some cool graphic effects available in our engine through special X3D nodes.
The X3D specifications are your ultimate resource to learn X3D. You will most likely want to browse X3D Architecture and base components specification, which describes the available X3D nodes. The nodes are grouped into components.
When we say that "X3D is our scene graph", what it means in practice is that you have a graph of X3D nodes inside the RootNode property of any TCastleScene instance. The TCastleScene is our central class to render and animate 3D and 2D content, see the manual about TCastleScene.
This way you can edit (or even build from scratch) a graph of X3D nodes using Pascal, to create any content you like. You are not limited to only loading the content from X3D files (or Collada, or Wavefront OBJ...).
For example, consider an X3D node
Box (this is a link to the X3D specification about it).
This node in X3D has fields
size (the X3D type is
solid (the X3D type is
In Pascal, this node corresponds to the class
Size (type TVector3)
Solid (type Boolean).
You can create and edit instances of
and use TCastleScene to render them.
This section of the Castle Game Engine documentation describes all X3D nodes (often by referring you to the X3D specification for details), and it shows various examples how to create and edit X3D graph using Pascal. See for example Pascal example of creating a 3D mesh (TIndexedFaceSetNode), or Pascal example of seting up 2D rectangle and lines.


text:
Two of Hawthorne Fine Art's newest additions illustrate the experimental changes yet steadfast spirituality of Douglas Arthur Teed's oeuvre. Teed's career developed during important transitions from Hudson River School landscape painting, through Tonalism and Impressionism, and even touched on Symbolist and early twentieth century Modernist trends. Teed studied in both the United States and Europe, and traveled in northern Africa and India, experiencing both emerging artistic movements and "exotic" locations that contributed to his late-career Orientalist subjects. Maple Sugar (1883) demonstrates the artist's transition from finely detailed, carefully observed Hudson River School style to quickly rendered Barbizon-inspired Tonalism. Italian Landscape (1917) is a late work that revives Teed's earlier Tonalist paintings that were widely successful. Most importantly, both works capture Teed's intense Romanticism and reverence for nature. The range of Teed's oeuvre as it spanned the transition from Romanticism to Modernism makes the artist a remarkable figure in American landscape painting
Douglas Arthur Teed was born on February 21, 1860 in New Hartford, NY (near Utica) to Fidelia M. Rowe and Cyrus R. Teed. Growing up, Teed was surrounded by his father's spiritual fervor. Cyrus Teed developed a following in New York, and eventually left his family to found a religious sect in Florida called Koreshan Unity. Although Douglas Teed never converted to Koreshanity like his father, these ideas of spirituality were reflected in his mystical and sometimes mysterious works, especially later in his career. Douglas Teed generally had an idealistic perception of the world, and he believed in the spirituality found in God-created nature. The artist thought paintings should be more than aesthetically pleasing; they should create an allegory for this spirituality.
Teed began painting as a young boy, and opened his first studio at age 14. His work always focused on a Romantic depiction of nature, stemming from the Hudson River School tradition that was so prevalent in New York State. When his mother died, Teed went to live in Binghamton, New York, where he built a studio (1889). Teed's early technique living in upstate New York focused on delicate, faithful representations of nature based on the artist's own close observation of his subjects. However, Teed also spent time in the studio of George Inness, most likely in the early 1880s. Inness was a convert to the Barbizon movement that originated in France in and near Fontainebleau, and focused heavily on Swedenborgian spirituality as reflected in the peace and harmony of nature. HFA's Homeward Bound from 1865 is a striking example of Inness's early transition to Tonalism.
After working with George Inness and experiencing Inness's transition to American Barbizon painting, Teed painted Maple Sugar (1883). This charming image of a forest interior that nearly qualifies as genre painting captures Teed's close observation of nature in the texture of the tree bark and the hazy atmosphere of the snowy forest on a dreary winter day. However, the thick impasto that appears in the tree trunks and in the dash of white snow on the roof of the cabin reveals the influence of Inness's more rapid paint application in the Tonalist manner. Despite this move toward a Tonalist manner of painting, Teed still infuses this composition with his Romantic sensibility and reverence for nature. The monumental size of the trees dwarfs the figures and cabin, sheltering them in a cathedral-like embrace, while the subject of extracting resources from the environment alludes to a harmony between man and nature.
In 1890, Douglas Teed traveled to Italy for further study. The artist attempted classical depictions of the Roman Compagna, but also conveyed his Romantic sensibility through Tonalist depictions of the Italian landscape. While in Europe, Teed attended the Universal Expositions in both Paris (1891) and Munich (1892) where he would have viewed contemporary European paintings, and paintings by Americans living in Europe. After this, Teed eventually began incorporating Impressionist techniques into his manner of painting. One critic described Teed's paintings in 1905: "Mr. Teed's landscapes are said to recall the soft effects of Corot, though his style is so original that it would hardly be correct to speak of any other artist. His genre work is superb, and whether he finds inspiration in the warm tones of Southern Europe or the cooler tints of the more temperate zones, his work displays the same qualities of breadth and individuality."
In 1897, Teed married Ms. George E. C. Earle and moved to Hallstead, PA, where he built a studio (referred to by neighbors as "Teed's Castle") overlooking the Susquehanna River. Between 1907 and 1911 Douglas and George Teed visited Egypt, Morocco, India, and Algeria, where the artist developed his interest in Orientalism. Teed had already created Orientalist works based on reproductions of paintings by European Orientalists, but after this trip he began creating his own original Orientalist paintings. These paintings combine this Romantic and exotic perception of Africa and the Near East with Impressionist painting techniques, since Teed had never trained in the academic painting style.
For the remainder of his career, Teed continued to experiment with different painting styles, always infusing his subjects with a sense of mysticism. In 1917, the year Italian Landscape was painted, George Earl Teed died, resulting in Douglas Teed's relocation to Detroit. Despite his personal loss, Teed was financially successful in Detroit, selling his paintings for high prices to wealthy industrialists. His buyers preferred established art forms like Tonalism and Impressionism, manners in which Teed continued to work. Italian Landscape is an example of the Barbizon-inspired Italian landscapes Teed began painting after his trip to Italy in 1890, yet it is dated much later. Teed managed to balance experimental and highly mystical paintings with more widely accepted manners throughout the changing artistic movements in the early twentieth century. Italian Landscape, therefore, is a later example of Teed's devotion to a Romantic manner of painting that captured a divine sense of harmony in nature. In this image, the sun hangs low over the horizon line, bathing the landscape in a glowing light and silhouetting the distant Italian architecture. A lone figure stands in the middle ground taking in the scene while simultaneously becoming a part of nature to the painting's viewer.
Teed continued to paint subjects related to his foreign travels throughout his career, leading one writer to ask the artist if he found it difficult to remember the details. Teed responded, "On the contrary, I have a much better perspective now of what I saw there. Also, as the superfluous details leave my memory, the really important ones stand out all the more clearly." Interestingly, Thomas Cole (_PHONE_), the founder of the Hudson River School of landscape painting, made a similar argument almost a century earlier. Cole stated, "…I never succeed in painting scenes, however beautiful, immediately on returning from them. I must wait for time to draw a veil over the common details, the unessential parts, which shall leave the great features, whether the beautiful or the sublime dominant in the mind." These similar attitudes to the profound effects of nature and subject matter connect Douglas Teed's constantly developing style with the foundation of American Romanticism as put forward by Thomas Cole and the first generation of Hudson River School artists.
 Lucie Page Borden, "Distinguished Artist at Estero," The Flaming Sword (May 30, 1905): 14; Quoted in Pamela Beecher, Douglas Arthur Teed: An American Romantic, _PHONE_ (Elmira, NY: Arnot Art Museum, 1982), 28.
 Velmas Stevens Hitchcock, "Color, Clay and Crafty," Club Woman, Vol. 19 (September, 1926): 25; Quoted in Beecher, 31.
 Cole to Asher B. Durand, Catskill, 4 January 1838, NYSL; quoted in Noble, The Life and Works of Thomas Cole, 185.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Asphalt Driveways Kilmore Big County Dublin
Asphalt is an inexpensive solution for large surfacing areas. When you use it for a smaller surface, however, it can cost a little more than usual.
While asphalt is often referred to as asphalt tarmac, the two things are not actually the same. The main difference between asphalt and tarmac is that asphalt is tremendously hard-wearing, but the main disadvantage is that it's not as hardy as tarmac in relation to continuous deterioration by car tires.
However, asphalt is less affected by extreme weather and requires less maintenance. Another difference is that asphalt is kinder to the environment than tarmac.
When the driveway gets old, you can recycle asphalt and reuse the material elsewhere fairly easily. For driveways you can also use asphalt concrete.
Find out more about our Asphalt Driveways Dublin service here.
What is asphalt concrete?
Asphalt concrete is a blend of asphaltic cement mixed with grit or sand which delivers a long-lasting and hard-wearing driveway. These driveways are more expensive again as they are harder to repair than asphalt or tarmac. Also, Asphalt concrete gets damaged more easily by fluctuating temperatures.
How Long Will An Asphalt Driveway Last?
The way you treat your driveway will determine the lifespan of asphalt. For instance, extreme weather conditions and heavy traffic can cause dents and cracks in the driveway. So, the eventual life expectancy of an asphalt driveway depends on several factors just like tarmac. However, the general life expectancy of an asphalt driveway is about 20 years.
The Differences Between Tarmac VS Asphalt driveways Kilmore Big County Dublin
While tarmac and asphalt are usually used for pavements, driveway surfaces, and roads, they aren't the same. Asphalt is a mixture of aggregates and bitumen that needs up to two days before it completely cures. On the other hand, Tarmac is a combination of crushed stone and tar that cures quickly.
Here are the main differences between tarmac vs asphalt:
- Asphalt offers a better finish and smoother surface than tarmac. This helps to increase tire grip and makes it a more suitable, safer option for driveways and roads. This is because tarmac consists of larger aggregates than asphalt.
- Asphalt is reusable but tarmac is not. You can scrape off the asphalt surface as well as reprocess the material to use for a different project. This makes asphalt a more eco-friendly choice in comparison with tarmac.
- Tarmac is likely to get damaged by diesel or petrol spills, while asphalt needs less maintenance.
- Asphalt is slightly more expensive material to use over small surface areas.
- Similarities Between Tarmac and Asphalt
- Both are used for a wide range of paving applications.
- Both paving materials have the same makeup.
- They each contain petroleum products, fillers such as sand, and aggregate such as stone.
- Both are suitable for large loads and heavy vehicles.
Both asphalt and tarmac are used for surface pavements, roads, and driveways, but they aren't the same material. Tarmac or tarmacadam is a blend of tar and larger aggregates, whereas asphalt is a blend of bitumen and smaller aggregates. Tarmac is easy and quick to install and a litte bit cheaper than asphalt for driveways.
Asphalt is slightly more eco-friendly than tarmac as you can break and reuse it at the end of life. Since asphalt tops are smoother in comparison with tarmac, they are safer to drive on because of better tire grip.
Where Are Tarmac And Asphalt Used?
Both asphalt and tarmac materials are extensively used for roads (such as motorways, highways, caravan parks, private roads, car parks, etc.,). They are also used on pavements and driveways. Contact Quality Driveways Dublin for Asphalt Driveways Kilmore Big County Dublin. Both elements are extensively used in domestic and corporate settings.
Which Product Is Cheaper?
Among the two materials, tarmac is a bit cheaper than asphalt.
What Are The Benefits Of Asphalt And Tarmac?
Both elements offer longevity, durability, and ease of installation compared with other surfacing such as Block Paving.
Which Product Is More Environmentally Friendly?
Asphalt is slightly more eco-friendly than Tarmac.


text:
Taiwan opens up its public WiFi hotspots for tourism purposes
MANILA, Philippines - One of the problems with technological advances is that accessibility becomes a factor for enjoyment of new devices like tablets.
A new development at Georgia Tech, called Access4Kids, is working towards helping disabled children with controlling touch-based tablets.
Access4Kids aims to help those with fine-motor impairment to better control tablets. It is a "wireless input device that uses a sensor system to translate physical movements into fine-motor gestures to control a tablet."
The Access4Kids system uses 3 force-sensitive resistors to measure and convert pressure into control signals on a tablet.
As the news piece from Georgia Tech explains, "A child can wear the device around the forearm or place it on the arm of a wheelchair and hit the sensors or swipe across the sensors with his or her fist. The combination of sensor hits or swipes gets converted to different 'touch-based' commands on the tablet."
Its developers, professor Ayanna Howard and graduate student Hae Won Park, hope that Access4Kids can be fine-tuned and made into a commercial product.
As Howard explains, "It doesn't make sense for me to have one child look at it and say 'Hey that's really cool' and not have it out there in the world." - Rappler.com
Who will inherit the throne?
Rappler takes you through the Miss Philippines Earth 2013 competition with these specials:


Latest articles on remote work
The end of the office as we know it?
As more people continue to work from home, a decreased demand for commercial property is expected to continue as long as South Africa's growth levels remain low
South Africa's digital divide detrimental to the youth
Without the means to leverage lockdown as a time to grow, Covid-19 reinforces how access to data remains a barrier to young people's progress
Covid-19 lockdown: Towards a capsule existence
How online media during the Coronavirus lockdown foreshadows a permanently encapsulated life
vital information
'Captured' water utility exec holes up
Eight things you need to know about the vaccine rollout
Press Releases


Louise Patterson
Champion of black rights and the Harlem Renaissance
Louise Thompson Patterson, the political activist who bridged the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 30s and the black arts movement of the 1960s, and to whom Langston Hughes dedicated his 1941 collection of poems, Shakespeare In Harlem, has died at the age of 97.
Born Louise Thompson in Chicago, she graduated in economics at the University of California, and, in 1923, taught at Hampton Institute, Virginia, before continuing her education at the New School for Social Research, New York.
She became an ardent participant in the Harlem Renaissance through her friendship with the painter Aaron White and his wife, and after a brief marriage to the novelist, poet, playwright and literary critic Wallace Thurman, which ended in the late 1920s, she became secretary to two prominent renaissance figures: Langston Hughes and the writer, Zora Neale Hurston.
Harlem was in its heyday of political and creative activity when Louise, who had experienced and fought against racism since early adolescence, began to radicalise her ideological and cultural views. She was involved in a ferocious campaign to free nine black Scotsboro men falsely accused of raping two white women.
During the same period she was one of the principal organisers of a trip to the Soviet Union by 22 black scholars, artists and activists, who were to make a Soviet-sponsored movie about white supremacy in America. The group arrived in the USSR only to discover that the film project had been cancelled.
Back in the US, Louise joined the International Workers Order (IWO). She was jailed in Alabama while organising a campaign for Angelo Herndon, a black youth falsely accused of inciting insurrection. Later, she travelled to Spain and Paris in support of the fight against fascism.
Louise founded Vanguard, a leftwing salon, at her apartment in New York, and, when Langston Hughes proposed the establishment of a people's theatre, she immediately suggested a space the IWO had above Frank's Restaurant on 125th Street in Harlem. It became the first home of the Harlem Suitcase Theatre. Although it did not survive, the idea of a "negro people's theatre" spread to other US cities.
In 1942 Louise married William Patterson, a lawyer and major figure in the US Communist party, and the two became formidable political allies. In the 1950s, they were called to testify before the House UnAmerican Activities Committee. Louise was responsible for organising tours for the singer Paul Robeson when he was banned from leaving the US, and the Pattersons were active in supporting civil liberties cases, including those of Willie McGee, the Trenton Six, and the Martinsville Seven. During the 1960s, Louise headed the Free Angela Davis Committee in New York.
After William Patterson died in 1980 she continued to live in New York, providing valuable information for scholars writing on the Harlem Renaissance. She is survived by her daughter, Mary Louise Patterson.
 Louise Thompson Patterson, activist, born September 9, 1901; died August 27, 1999.


text:
Sensei Zen's Pro Tips:
Master a consistent fling:
Try sliding your finger the same distance each time, and adjust the speed accordingly. Sliding your finger too short usually will result in your fling either going faster or slower than you intended.
Master the straight shot:
If you don't like the angle you are sliding your finger, rotate your iPhone to provide an easier sliding path, usually vertical.
Master the world tricks:
Each world will provide a different type of challenge, so be sure to read the tutorial screen at the beginning of each world to find out what to expect from that world.
Master the round name:
Each round name will provide a hint to what the round will be like.
Master a top score:
Gather extra points by causes ricochets and combos to increase your score. However, gaining small bonuses at the cost of a fling is rarely worth it. The best way to gain a high score is to free play each world to master its tricks.
Master the edges:
When you are too close to an edge it may be difficult to put your finger in the right place to get the power of the slide you want. You can easily solve this by placing your finger anywhere on the screen and slide it at the same angle you would if it wasn't on the edge.


text:
The Wicked Queen
In The Wicked Queen, Chantal Thomas presents the history of the mythification of one of the most infamous queens in all history, whose execution still fascinates us today. Almost as soon as Marie-Antoinette, archduchess of Austria, was brought to France as the bride of Louis XVI in 1771, she was smothered in images. In a monarchy increasingly under assault, the charm and horror of her feminine body and her political power as a foreign intruder turned Marie-Antoinette into an alien other. Marie-Antoinette's mythification, argues Thomas, must be interpreted as the misogynist demonization of women's power and authority in revolutionary France.
In a series of pamphlets written from the 1770s until her death in 1793, Marie-Antoinette is portrayed as a spendthrift, a libertine, an orgiastic lesbian, and a poisoner and infant murderess. In her analyses of these pamphlets, seven of which appear here in translation for the first time, Thomas reconstructs how the mounting hallucinatory and libelous discourse culminated in the inevitable destruction of what had become the counterrevolutionary symbol par excellence. The Wicked Queen exposes the elaborate process by which the myth of Marie-Antoinette emerged as a crucial element in the successful staging of the French Revolution.
About the Author
Chantal Thomas is a researcher at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. She is the author of Marquis de Sade: L'Oeil de la lettre (1978) and Casanova: Un Voyage libertin (1985).


eject from
eject from (something)
1. To propel someone or something out of something, often an airplane. A noun or pronoun can be used between "eject" and "from." When it became clear that a crash was imminent, the pilot ejected himself from the plane and miraculously survived. The investigation showed that the passenger was ejected from the vehicle.
2. To forcibly remove someone from a situation or place. A noun or pronoun can be used between "eject" and "from." If you keep talking during the play, you'll be ejected from the theater!
See also: eject
eject (someone) from
some place to use force to make someone leave a place; to throw someone out of some place. The management ejected Sam from the theater. He was ejected from the theater.
See also: eject
See also:
References in periodicals archive?
Both pilots managed to eject from the aircraft, local media report.
Likewise with rifle or shotgun rounds you have to eject from the chamber.
"Radio communication was cut around 2:15 pm (1115 GMT) with the F-16 fighter plane on mission in the Amanos mountains," shortly after the pilot signalled he was about to eject from the aircraft, read the statement.
For the second time in four months a Canadian pilot was forced to eject from a doomed CF-18 Hornet.
pilots were yesterday injured when they were forced to eject from their military jet when the aircraft burst into flames during a training exercise at the British Bases.
When Craig was serving with the RAF he had to eject from the cockpit of a Lightning jet fighter just seconds before it crashed.


text:
5. savannah cat
The Savannah is a hybrid domestic cat breed. It is a cross between the serval and a domestic cat.
The liger is a hybrid cross between a male lion and a female tiger (not to be confused with a Tigon). It is the largest of all extant felines.
hybrid of a yak and domestic cattle. The word dzo technically refers to a male hybrid, while a female is known as a dzomo or zhom. Alternative Romanizations of the Tibetan names include zho and zo.
12. sheep-goat hybrid
15. motty the asian-african elephant
The male calf, named Motty, had an African elephants cheek, ears and back,while nail numbers, (5 front, 4 hind) and the single trunk finger were like Asians.
This sensational elephant died two weeks after the birth.
* Ears - Large, African shaped with pointed lobes
* Head - Sloping forehead with one dome and two smaller ones behind
* Body - Overall like African, with centre hump as in Asian, and hump in rear as in African
* Tail - Long, hangs below the ankle, flat with hairs in small groupsforming two rows, one row on each edge
* Foot - Asian, fore-feet five nails, back-feet four nails
17. hybrid iguana
18. american black duck-mallard duck hybrid
american black duck+mallard duck=
american black duck:
19. turkey-chicken hybrid
Oliver was called the 'Humanzee' and came to widespread public attention in 1976. The reason was because of his humanlike behaviour, preferring to walk on hindlegs, sit cross legged on a chair, help with chores around the house, etc. Besides that his small bald head and reduced prominence of his jaws yielded a humanoid appearance. Taken to Japan, in the mid 1970s blood tests showed that Oliver had 47 chromosomes - one more than humans, one less than chimps.
In autumn 1996, Chicago University geneticist Dr David Ledbetter revealed that Oliver had 48 chromosomes and later on, DNA analysis expert Dr John from Texas's Trinity University also concluded that Oliver had 48 too and therefore dispelling the myth of Oliver being a mutant.


text:
The Museum was created in 1772 by Charles III of Spain as the Gabinete Real de Historia Natural, changing names several times until its current denomination. The museum originally hosted a collection donated by a spanish merchant, Pedro F. Dávila. In 1867, some facilities were separated to give birth to other museums (Archeology, Botanic Garden, Zoologic Garden). In 1987 the museum was restructured and grown with funds from two smaller museums.
Some of the more relevant components of the Museum collections are:
Image:Elefante disecado MCNM.jpg|African ElephantImage:Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid)-Sala de Historia Natural.jpg|Section of Natural HistoryDiplodocus and other fossilsImage:Iberomesornis-model.jpg|Section of Natural HistoryIberomesornis... Read More


Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is an algorithm that will find the shortest linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for a given binary output sequence. Here we present a web-based implementation to compute the shortest LFSR and linear span of a given binary sequence. If you have any questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact Bo Zhu.
Please enter the binary sequence (separated by commas):
LFSR: Linear Span: Time Used:
Please note the output polynomial is using the form that its degree is always equal to the linear span. For example, x^3 + x + 1 means tap positions are 0th and 1st (not 0th and 2nd).
If the input sequence is too long, it may take a long time to process. As a result, the Google App Engine server may cut off HTTP connections, so the final result won't be sent back. In this case, please download the Python source code from here, and run it on local computers.


text:
After some introductory remarks about the role of John Basil Turchin in American history and his application of equestrian-based Cossack warfare, she focused on several central points about the Cossack people. First, she noted, the Cossacks were never slaves. They developed their own language, lived independently, and elected their own leaders. They were an inclusive community in that they would bring into their group entire communities or villages. Finally, Ms. Vogel noted that the early Cossacks did not have a solid understanding of the concept of a nation, state, or border.
Given these characteristics, Ms. Vogel briefly described some of history of the Cossack people, as well as the tensions they experienced with more formal nation-states around them.
This lecture was sponsored by the Kosciuszko Chair of Polish Studies.


text:
CIAT like most research institutions generates a lot of research data and would like to publish it. Data publishing involves digital dissemination of research data and supporting information such as metadata, documentation, models, code and unpublished reports in such a way that it is persistently and uniquely identifiable.
In the past research data was not viewed as a central component of scholarly communication or counted as a core research output such as peer reviewed journal articles for example. However in the last number of years there is a growing emphasis of publication of research data as a principle research output. The Data Citation Principles1 state that "Data should be considered legitimate, citable products of research".
Why Publish Research Data
Here at CIAT we believe that all our research outputs including research data should be shared openly and with the widest possible diffusion. We believe this contributes to our mission of reducing hunger and poverty, and improving human nutrition in the tropics through our research. For research data this means publishing it in open access for use and reuse in ways that we may not have anticipated in the initial research. However there are many other benefits to publishing data as illustrated in this infographic.
Before You Publish Data:
Researchers or data authors are responsible for ensuring that data is ready for publishing. Before publishing data authors should ensure that:
- The dataset has been cleaned, verified for correctness and is suitable for the intended use.
- The dataset is well structured
- The dataset is well documented. This includes rich metadata, documentation on the methodology, a codebook or variable descriptions and data collection tools like questionnaires where applicable.
- They have considered privacy, confidentiality and security related issues, to determine whether the dataset can be published or not and whether it needs to undergo an anonymization or de-identification process.
- That the dataset uses reusable file formats. This includes open standard file formats such as CSV files or proprietary formats that have become a de-facto standard such as the ESRI shapefile.
Where to Publish Data:
Researchers have several options on where to publish research data. The choice is usually between a reputable peer reviewed data journal or an approved data repository.
The key consideration when selecting where to publish data is to ensure that data will at the end adhere to the FAIR data principles. That is, that the data will be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. This means the data will need to have persistent identifiers, be citable through a data citation, be as much as possible machine and human readable and have a license that guarantees openness and reusability.
The options CIAT recommends for data publishing are:
- Peer reviewed Data Journals
Research data may be published as a "Data Paper" which describes the dataset; the purpose of collection, the methodology used during collection and the data content. A data paper does not focus on reporting on the hypothesis, analysis and conclusions drawn from the data.
Examples of data journals include Scientific Data, Geoscience Data Journal and Data in brief. The CIAT library is compiling a list of relevant data journals. The University of Edinburgh maintain a very good list of data journals.
- Subject specific repositories
Researchers can also publish data in repositories that accept data for particular disciplines. Examples of this include GBIF for biodiversity data and Pangea for geoscientific and environmental data. Please contact the CIAT data and information management team if you need assistance in selecting a data repository. Re3data.org maintains a list of research data repositories by subject.
- Institutional and CRP repositories
CIAT, other CGIAR centers and the CGIAR research programs (CRP's) all maintain repositories that can be used to publish datasets and provide all the requirements to publish FAIR data. For CIAT researchers datasets not published in the first two categories above or datasets that underpin journal articles are published in our Institutional repository on Dataverse.
- General purpose repositories
When dealing with intellectual property issues concerning published data, it is advisable to ensure that no ambiguity exists on the rights of others to distribute and re-use the data. Therefore researchers are always advised to apply a data license that will guarantee the openness and reusability of the data. We recommend that one of the following two licenses to be applied on all datasets as these licenses also ensure attribution back to the author and the center.
Depending on the circumstances non-commercial versions of these licenses may be applied as well.
Types of Data to Publish
CIAT is encouraging researchers to publish two kinds of datasets.
- Primary data used in the production of a publication.
- Unpublished datasets that span an entire research project and that are described by:
- Materials and methods
- Proper documentation including a clear description of the variables, data acquisition tools, software code if the data was transformed from its raw format.
When to Publish Data
According to CIATs open access and open data policy. Data and datasets should be published within 12 months of an appropriate project milestone such as, the end of data collection or the end of the project. For datasets used in publications these should be published within 6 months of article publication.
Examples of Data Publishing Workflows for Publication Data
One question that we constantly receive from researchers is whether publishing of data and receiving a citation and permanent identifier such as DOI can be considered "prior publication" by Journals that they may submit a research paper that uses the data. Many journals allow work based on prior published datasets such as journals from Nature, Science, Elsevier, PLOS and SAGE. However we advise researchers to always verify with the target journal in their publication plan before publishing the datasets. If the target journal does consider published data as prior work, then we help researchers publish the replication data after the publication of the article.
Restrictions to Publishing Data
Not all data is suitable for publishing and exceptions to adhering to the open data policy exists. Usually data will not be suitable for publishing because of one of the following issues.
- Privacy – Information that identifies and individual.
- Confidentiality – Information that should not be shared.
- Security – Release of data will cause threats to someone or something.
Data Citation Synthesis Group: Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles. Martone M. (ed.) San Diego CA: FORCE11; 2014 [_URL_


text:
Monsoons are one of the most magical points of time with the beautiful rains and the amazing blessing it is for the farmers and the revival of trees and their growth after the harsh summers. However, it can also be a time of infection and minor illnesses for kids due to the damp and moist environment that provides an ideal atmosphere for infections to flourish. Here are some of the ways in which you can keep your kids safe from diseases and infections during the monsoons.
Health care tips for kids during monsoon
One of the most common reasons for falling sick during the monsoons is a water-borne disease. Using boiled, purified or filtered water can enable people to stay healthy. While travelling use mineral water only.
Avoiding food from outside
Since most diseases are waterborne, and since you can never determine what kind of water is being utilized for the preparation of outside or street food, it is important to avoid outside food. It is also advised to wash the fruits and vegetables since they may be muddy and unclean.
Avoiding any stale food or seafood
Monsoons provide a damp and wet atmosphere which makes it an ideal time for breeding with bacteria. Do not consume any stale or leftover food that may have gone bad.
Don't buy any pre-cut fruits or vegetables
Pre –cut foods from street vendors can attract flies and other insects that can cause infections and spread diseases. Look for fresh fruits and vegetables and cook them perfectly to make them safe for consumption.
Pay special attention to leafy vegetables
These can often contain traces of dirt, dust and insect larvae. It is very crucial to wash them thoroughly before cooking.
Prevent the formation of any stagnant water pools
Playing in dirty and stagnant water can lead to the cause of diseases. It is also necessary to actively prevent any stagnant water puddles to remain near the house can create breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which can lead to a number of diseases like malaria and dengue.
Protection from the rain
It is so important to keep out of the rain when it is the monsoons. Staying wet or in damp clothing for prolonged periods of time can cause them to get sick. Using an umbrella or carrying a raincoat can definitely reduce the chances of falling sick.
Keeping warm and dry
It is extremely necessary to prevent getting wet and ensuring that they are dry at all times to protect them. Even if they do get wet, ensure that they clean themselves and wash their feet and hands carefully and be sure that they change into dry and fresh clothes immediately upon returning home upon getting wet. This can help ensure they don't end up catching a cold.
Consume immunity boosting foods
Eating foods like ginger, yogurt, citrus fruits, bell peppers, broccoli, spinach etc. can help improve your kids' immunity against diseases and make them more capable of resisting and fighting diseases.
Washing the hands
It is necessary to educate your kids about the necessity of washing their hands due to the fact that dirt and germs may get embedded into their fingernails.


Cell ghosts were formed by hypotonic haemolysis and subsequent isotonic re-sealing of human erythrocytes in the presence of adenovirus type 2 DNA. The ghosts entrapped virus DNA with an efficiency which depended on the salt concentration employed during haemolysis and on the concentration of the DNA itself. The entrapped DNA was largely protected from digestion by deoxyribonuclease I and could be recovered intact by phenol extraction. Erythrocyte ghosts containing P-adenovirus type 2 DNA were fused with KB cells during brief treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Following fusion, counts equivalent to an average of 25 molecules of labelled DNA were micro-injected and transported to each K B cell nucleus. Less than ¼ as many DNA counts were recovered from nuclei when PEG treatment was omitted. A direct immunofluorescent assay demonstrated virus replication in some cells following their fusion with DNA-containing ghosts. The efficiency of transfection was considerably lower than that expected from the large number of successfully micro-injected DNA molecules. This suggests that most of the micro-injected DNA molecules were degraded before a successful infection could be completed.
Article metrics loading...
Loading full text...
Full text loading...
Most cited this month Most Cited RSS feed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred