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For example, this input...
{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}*{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}
produces this output...
{{1, 4}, {9, 16}}
and this input...
{{1, 2}, {3, 4}}^2
produces the same...
What I want in both cases is...
I think I know what's going on here. Mathematica doesn't seem to be discriminating between lists of lists, and matrices, and the * and ^ operators are just threading over the lists.
I've found. and MatrixPower which do what I think * and ^ should.
But the question still remains, is this confusing (to at least me) behavior of * and ^ by design, and what benefit does it confer?
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_USER_, note that. is (almost) the usual mathematical center-dot notation for matrix product. And that a superscript such as ^2 would be ambiguous when applied to matrices; only context or convention would dictate that it means matrix power, which is made explicit by MatrixPower. – murray Sep 29 '13 at 17:09
+1 I had the same question long time ago, but I decided to move on and take it as given... – Leo Fang Oct 1 '13 at 2:10
3 Answers 3
up vote 22 down vote accepted
Matrices in Mathematica are nothing but a specific type of list of lists — specifically, a two dimensional list of lists.
* is the short form for the Times function, which threads over lists elementwise, and this is what you'd use if you wanted to take the Hadamard product of two matrices. So when you say A*B, you're actually saying Times[A, B].
. on the other hand, is short form for Dot, which lets you take the usual matrix products. So A.B is equivalent to Dot[A, B]. Both of these are different and it just boils down to understanding and remembering the short forms and the functions they represent.
If you're coming from a language like MATLAB, you might be confused at first, because * and ^ indeed do behave the way you described in that language. Although one should familiarize themselves with each language's differences, this might help you in remembering it — * and ^ behave exactly like.* and.^ respectively in MATLAB, in that they operate element wise.
Whether it is intuitive or not depends on your personal preferences (and experience with other languages). In the same vein, you could also ask why Infix is ~, when MATLAB treats it as the not operator or throwaway variable, depending on how you use it :)
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For the MATLAB people: * and ^ in Mathematica act like, respectively,.* and.^ in MATLAB (in MATLAB parlance, they are array operators and not matrix operators); this is because * and ^ have the Listable attribute. – Guess who it is. Jan 24 '12 at 15:16
Great explanation on the comparison between Mathematica and Matlab! – Leo Fang Oct 1 '13 at 2:12
This is by design, because a list of list does not necessarily describe a matrix. Operations like addition, multiplication and power spread over lists without caring what those lists contain. Note that if this would not be so, it might lead to very strange behaviour:
list = {a,a}
lsq = list*list
hypothetical result: 2*a^2
a = {1,1}
hypothetical result: 4 (because the scalar product of (1,1) with itself is 2)
list = {a,a}
a = {1,1} (*now list evaluates to {{1,1},{1,1}}*)
lsq = list*list
hypothetical result: {{2,2},{2,2}} (the square of the matrix {{1,1},{1,1}})
With the current rules both give the same result (namely {{1,1},{1,1}}).
Moreover, the standard multiplication is commutative, while matrix multiplication is not. Therefore you'd get wrong results with expressions like A*B*A^-1 where A and B are intended to be matrices, but are symbols.Mathematica could not know that you intend them to be matrices, and therefore it would simplify this to B, which in general would be wrong if A and B are matrices.
The only way to solve this while using * for matrix multiplication would be to have a type system where you can define a symbol to stand for a certain type. But that's not the way Mathematica works.
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Good points. The only way to get them to work that way, would be to construct objects using UpValues. It's just easier to use Dot and be done with it. – rcollyer Jan 24 '12 at 3:39
Putting aside language-specific subtleties such as multidimensional arrays and listability of operations, the situation is basically this:
There are two common product operations people do on matrices:
 - matrix product
 - element-wise product (Hadamard product)
There are three simple approaches one can take to differentiate between these:
 1. Use a different operator to describe two two different operations. Most programming languages take this approach.
 - Mathematica: * for element-wise,. for matrix product
 - MATLAB (and other software inspired by it such as Scilab, O-Matrix, etc. and even Julia):.* for element-wise, * for matrix product
 - R: * for element-wise, %*% for matrix product
 - Euler Math Toolbox: * for element-wise,. for matrix product
 2. Do not provide an direct operator for element-wise product, but do provide a function for element-wise operations à la MapThread.
 - Maple: * doesn't work for matrices,. is the matrix product, zip('*', A, B) does element-wise operations
 - MuPad: * is the matrix product, zip(A, B, '*') does element wise operations
 3. Let the type of operation be decided solely by the type of operand.
 - NumPy is the only system I know of that takes this approach.
 matrix(a)*matrix(b) is a matrix product; array(a)*array(b) is an element-wise product; the result of a simple a*b depends on the type of a and b (array or matrix)
 One could argue that this design is a result of Python not being designed for numerical computations and not allowing new operations.
As you can see, most systems designed for serious numerical computations take approach 1. Systems from 2. were designed primarily for symbolic computation, and these operations are likely less used. 3. seems to be an outlier and personally I find it very annoying because I need to remember what type each variable is (but then I don't use numpy a lot).
Mathematical notation, which is intended for people and not computers, is a mix of all of these. But it heavily relies on context and a human's ability to disambiguate.
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Your Answer


NAME Crypt::Camellia - Perl Camellia encryption module SYNOPSIS use Crypt::Camellia; my $cipher = Crypt::Camellia->new($key); my $ciphertext = $cipher->encrypt($plaintext); my $plaintext = $cipher->decrypt($ciphertext); # more likely use Crypt::CBC; $cipher = Crypt::CBC->new( -key =>'my secret key', -cipher => 'Camellia' ); DESCRIPTION This module implements Camelia 128-bit Block Cipher for perl. For Camellia. Check. Here is an exerpt of that page. Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher developed jointly in 2000 by world top class encryption researchers at NTT and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Technologically speaking, Camellia naturally has not only a high level of security, but also excellent efficiency and practical characteristics. It can be implemented at high performance by software on various platforms. In regard to hardware implementation, compact and low-power consumption type implementation as well as high-speed implementation is possible. Based on these technological advantages, Camellia has been internationally recognized, for example the selection project on the European recommendation of strong cryptographic primitives, NESSIE, evaluated Camellia to have "many similarities to the AES, so much of the analysis for the AES is also applicable to Camellia." Currently, Camellia is the only cipher internationally recognized which has the same level of security and performance as AES, and is selected for many international standard/recommended ciphers. In particular, as Japanese domestic ciphers, this is the first case to be approved as IETF standard ciphers (Proposed Standard RFC). Crypt::Camellia has the following methods: blocksize() keysize() encrypt() decrypt() Like many Crypt:: modules like Crypt::Blowfish and Crypt::DES, this module works as a backend of Crypt::CBC. FUNCTIONS blocksize Returns the size (in bytes) of the block cipher. Currently this is a fixed value of 16. new my $cipher = Crypt::Camellia->new($key); This creates a new Crypt::Camellia BlockCipher object, using $key, where $key is a key of "keysize()" bytes (minimum of eight bytes). encrypt my $ciphertext = $cipher->encrypt($plaintext); This function encrypts $plaintext and returns the $ciphertext where $plaintext and $ciphertext must be of "blocksize()" bytes. (hint: Camellia is an 16 byte block cipher) decrypt my $plaintext = $cipher->decrypt($ciphertext); This function decrypts $ciphertext and returns the $plaintext where $plaintext and $ciphertext must be of "blocksize()" bytes. (hint: see previous hint) EXAMPLE my $key = pack("H16", "0123456789ABCDEF"); # min. 8 bytes my $cipher = Crypt::Camellia->new($key); my $ciphertext = $cipher->encrypt("plaintex");# SEE NOTES print unpack("H16", $ciphertext), "\n"; NOTES For practical uses use this module via Crypt::CBC rather than directly. SEE ALSO Crypt::CBC, Crypt::Rijndael, Crypt::DES, Crypt::IDEA AUTHOR Dan Kogai, Current maintainer is Hiroyuki OYAMA. And NTT COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright (C) 2006 by Dan Kogai This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.8 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available. Except for anything under camellia-*/ directory which is licensed as follows: Copyright (c) 2006 NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation). All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first lines of this file unmodified. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NTT ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NTT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


text:
Orienteering in Lockdown Condition – Tools for Training Support
Lenka Vojtíková, Jan Hnízdil, Josef Heidler, Martin Škopek
Introduction: The current times are influenced globally by the application of anti-epidemic measures to combat COVID-19. These are applied to varying degrees or an extent, but the common denominator is the frequent impossibility of running mass sports events. Sport or physical activities are thus suppressed, which is reflected in a decrease in physical activity and, therefore the condition of the population (Eurostat, 2020). Furthermore, the adverse effects of hypokinesis on an individual's health are documented in detail in the literature and generally accepted as a fact (Araújo, & Mesquita 2019; Vedukhina, Lobygina, & Sharapova, 2016).
Aim of study: This study aims to summarize and compare available applications that allow individuals to undergo physical activity based on the content of the sports industry,
which is orienteering, while respecting the limitations of pandemic restrictions aimed mainly at preventing the gathering of more people.
Methods and Materials: Theoretical methods were used, especially the descriptive and comparative methods. Many foreign sources and manuals related to individual applications were analyzed. User evaluation of these applications on web platforms was also taken into account. The described applications were assessed within an expert panel who assessed and evaluated the individual platforms within a uniform methodology. Pairwise comparison was used as a research technique.
Results: The result is a summarizing and comparative overview of individual applications, enabling the implementation of an activity based on the principle of
orienteering through digital technologies and respecting the limits that come with anti-pandemic restrictions, especially at the level of potential contact in gathering multiple people. The iOrienteering platform is evaluated as the most practical application; the MOBO application is the opposite end of the assessment scale.
Conclusion: The iOrienteering and O-range applications were evaluated as the most beneficial according to the specified criteria. The applications under consideration are
suitable for use under the current movement-restricting regime resulting from pandemic restrictions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The MajorForms Signature Acknowledgment application allows the user to obtain and document the signature of a person using the smartphone or tablet. For example, if you are a delivery company and need to obtain a signature when something is delivered, you can use this application. The person receiving the delivery simply signs your smartphone or tablet. The application also allows the user to write a description of what the person is signing for. A photograph of the person signing can also be obtained along with pertinent other data such as the full name and address of the person signing. A timestamp and GPS location at the time of the signing are also recorded. The signature and other data can be synchronized to a secure server effectively backing up the data collected. The user can also view placemarks on a map showing where the signatures were collected. By clicking on any placemark, the data can be viewed including a picture and personal information related to the person signing. Our online reports allow the data to be grouped and analyzed and can be downloaded to a spreadsheet. If the data needs to be made public, the user can automatically create a free website which displays the data collected.


text:
Tropical Cyclone Off Australia Coast
Satellite Image from the Japan Meteorological Agency satellite
CREDIT: Japan Meteorological Agency
This article was provided by AccuWeather.com.
The first tropical cyclone of 2013 will move along the northwestern Australia coast with the potential to make landfall.
This weekend, a storm began developing in the Timor Sea off northwestern Australia. Now it has become Tropical Cyclone Narelle, the third of the 2012-13 Australian region cyclone season.
As of the afternoon of Tuesday, Jan. 8, Narelle was reported by the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology to be 790 km north-northwest of Broome.
As a Category 1 cyclone at the time, the storm was anticipated to intensify in the coming days.
While there was no imminent threat to land, some storm tracks have the storm turning towards the Australian Coast by weeks end.
While rain is possible along the majority of Australia's northwest coast, the greatest threat for both rain and wind will be between the coasts of Port Hedland and Learmount.
Even if the storm does not make landfall, Narelle could impact natural gas and oil companies just offshore.
Natural gas companies operating offshore, especially near Learmount, will likely have increased waves and winds from the cyclone and should monitor this system carefully.
While it is still too far out to determine the exact wind speeds, winds were already expected in excess of 75 km/hr outside the center of the storm late on Tuesday night.
Wind speeds of this magnitude will bring very rough and high seas with a moderate swell. Increased wind intensity is possible up to 200 km/hr for the latter part of the week.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
SAMPLE STATISTICS: mean sitting height (x bar)=92.8cm, size (n)=36 male students.
POPULATION STATISTIC: mean sitting height (µ)=91.4cm, standard deviation (σ)=3.6cm.
CLAIM: Mean sitting height is different from 91.4cm.
COUNTERCLAIM: Mean sitting height is 91.4cm.
SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL: ɑ=0.05 (95% confidence level)
Null hypothesis, H₀: µ=91.4 (counterclaim)
Alternative hypothesis, H₁: µ≠91.4 (claim)
This is a 2-tail test, because "not equals" means less than (left tail) or greater than (right tail), so the significance level is split equally between the two tails giving us the required confidence interval of 95%.
Z=(x bar-µ)/(σ/√n)=(92.8-91.4)/(3.6/√36)=1.4/0.6=2.333, corresponding to a P-value of 0.0098. The given test statistic is 0.0198.
ɑ/2=0.025 and sample P-value 0.0098<0.025, and 0.0198<0.025, which means that H₀ is rejected, and H₁ is accepted to be true. The conclusion is that the claim is true, that the mean sitting height of male students is different from 91.4cm.


traditional collar is a neck band in leather or metal, chosen, designed or even crafted by the dominant partner. Some subs wear a "symbolic collar", often a bracelet or ankle chain, which is more subdued than the traditional collar and can pass in non-BDSM situations. It is not uncommon for a sub to have several collars for special occasions. Dog collars are integral for K-9 roleplayingpup-play.
There was once a tradition that wearing a collar with an open padlock indicated that one was seeking a partner, a closed lock indicated that one was in a relationship. This symbolism became less common after around 1995.[citation needed]
Many people, for example some of those in the punk rock and goth subcultures, wear collars for other reasons such as fashion, so one cannot assume that all people wearing collars are involved in BDSM. Members of the furry fandom may also wear collars as a part of costuming or as a fashion. Use of collars in the sexual aspects of furry lifestyle may or may not be connected to BDSM depending on the individual's preferences.
There are some risks commonly associated with D/s. Because it is mostly a mental activity, many of the risks associated with D/s involve mental health. Others involve abuses of the trust inherent in a D/s relationship. Some examples are:
 - Physically or mentally abusive dominant partner
 - Self-hating subs
 - Dominant partners who violate the trust relationship by attempting to isolate the sub from society or monetarily exploit the sub
 - Unstable dominant partners or subs who, through act or threat of calling public attention to the other's private life and their relationship, can cause financial or personal hardship (see Outing)
 - Emotionally unstable or manipulative subs or dominant partners seeking more from the relationship than the other, as a human being, can give.[citation needed] This can include so-called mind games, emotional vampirism and any other forms of emotional manipulation or abuse present in any other relationship.[citation needed] The extra factor is that D/s relationships are already predicated upon a delicate shift of power, and so rely more than usual on participants being able to handle that well.
Local and regional BDSM organizations typically provide community-based counseling and assistance to dominants or submissives who are in a troubled relationship.[citation needed]
There are many writings from the ancient age through the modern that would clearly indicate a willingness to submit for purely romantic reasons.[citation needed]
Another medieval example is the literary convention of courtly love, an ideal which usually required a knight to serve his courtly lady (in "love service") with the same obedience and loyalty which he owed to his liege lord.[citation needed] This convention was submissive and sometimes fetishistic, with the knight performing acts of cross-dressing and self-flagellation.[citation needed] However, the relationship between the literary conventions and actual practices is unknown.[citation needed]
There are also accounts of prostitutes in most major cities that catered to male submissives, as well as masochists.[citation needed] In a male dominated world, it was all too easy for a submissive woman to find a strict male dominant,[citation needed] but some women still found ways to leave husbands who were "too soft".[citation needed]
One of the most famous works in this area is Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's Venus im Pelz (Venus in Furs, 1869), in which the protagonist Severin persuades a woman, Wanda, to take him on as her slave, serves her and allows her to degrade him. The book has elements of both social and physical submission, and is the genesis of the term masochism coined by the 19th century psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing.
The Velvet Underground's song "Venus In Furs" is clearly based on Sacher-Masoch's novel and discusses sadomasochism, the character Severin, and common bondage practices in a detached, objective and non-judgmental manner.
The Rolling Stones song "Under my Thumb" (M. Jagger, 1966) is supposedly about a D/s relationship. The Green Day song "All By Myself/Dominated Love Slave" (Frank Edwin Wright III or Tre Cool) describes F.E. Wright III's feelings for female dominance.
Some linguistic conventions
Some people in the D/s world capitalize words and names that refer to dominants, and not to capitalize those that refer to submissives, hence the capitalization of D/s; others do not. It was popularized on internet chatrooms, to make it easier to identify the orientation of the writer or the person being written about.
Also, some submissives eschew personal pronouns, instead referring to themselves as "this slave" or "Master Bob's girl". This is sometimes considered an expression of modesty, but it is an entirely optional method of depersonalizing a submissive during "play". It may have roots in the military, where new recruits are required to refer to themselves as "this recruit" rather than "I" or "me".
Notable authors (fiction and non-fiction)
References and further reading
 1. BDSM Acronyms. URL accessed on 2011-01-14.
 2. Domination-Submission and Personal Growth. URL accessed on 2011-09-03.
 3. 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
2. ^ Katherine Ramsland, Ph. D. The Anne Rice Reader. Ballantine Books, 1997. ISBN 0-345-40267-7. How Do They Rate? Elliot Slater and Lasher as Love Slaves, contributing author, Claudia Varrin
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GrovePi Invention Curriculum
The GrovePi Invention curriculum is a series of 19 (1-4 hour each) step-by-step, self-paced lessons, complete with student worksheets and assessments. The objective is for each student to invent a device to control something in the real world — and the course prepares and inspires them with lessons on how to code in Scratch each of the 12 sensors that come in the kit.
Objective: Students will create an invention with the GrovePi Kit (and the Raspberry Pi). After learning how to control the electronic devices and sensors in the kit with Scratch coding, you can apply your knowledge to build many smart devices and control all kinds of things.
Grades: 6 to 9 (classes, maker spaces, or clubs).
Time: Fits a school term or semester. The 19 lessons are 1 to 4 hours each and include optional activities and additional exercises. So approx. 20 to 40 hrs are needed to complete the lessons. An open ended design and invent project is included, and exercises can extend the time up to 80 hrs. Tips are also provided for teachers on how to use the lessons in shorter class sessions, clubs, or maker spaces.
Level: Beginner. No prior programming or engineering experience is required. Students with prior Maker or coding experience will still be challenged and engaged.
How Does It Work? This is a video-based, hands-on, self-paced invention or engineering course. It introduces the Internet of Things, Inventing, Engineering Design, and using the Raspberry Pi, the electronic devices in the GrovePi kit, and Scratch programming.
Students create two projects – one an independent Scratch program and the other an invention using the GrovePi Kit. Some suggestions for projects include a weather station, security alarm, pet monitor, and a game device. Also students can create devices to collect data for science experiments such as measuring how temperature and humidity affect plant growth, or how light levels affects plant growth.
The GrovePi kit requires no soldering and has plug-in ports for the devices which make it easy for students to design with it (and to reuse the kits over and over again). The Scratch programming is a graphic drag and drop environment which is easy to use, but robust enough to include complex programming.
This online curriculum includes lessons with videos, projects, step by step instructions, hands-on activities and worksheets — applying CSTA, NGSS, ITEA, CTE, and CC Math, ELA standards. This is great curriculum for middle school or high school invention or coding courses.
Teachers: See the Standards Met with this Curriculum.
Objective: The students will
Each Lesson includes the following elements:
- Background information & resource links (some to share with students & some for teachers)
- Introductory questions & information to share with the students
- Step-by-step procedure for the project
- Student handouts, charts, worksheets
- Closure exercises
- Assessment questions
- The Lessons use Scratch, a beginner drag-and-drop programming language developed at MIT. It is perfect for beginners, and no prior experience is expected or required.
- For students with more advanced programming skills, there is room to expand upon the lessons provided to do more sophisticated activities with the sensors as well as data collection and analysis techniques. Students can also use Python, Java, C++ and Node.js to program the GrovePi, but this curriculum is designed to teach and incorporate Scratch.
This curriculum comes with a full printed instructors guide, online access to the curriculum (where you can download worksheets, watch videos, etc.), and you can add on teacher training as well ($350 for one skype session).
What else will I need that does not come with this curriculum?
For purchases of 5 or more robots, please see our GrovePi Classroom Kit.
- GrovePi Base Kit: GrovePi Board and 12 sensors & modules.
- Raspberry Pi (works with any version of the Raspberry Pi)
- Wifi Dongle (requires our custom Wifi Dongle, even for the Pi 3, because our software is not yet totally compatible with the onboard wifi)
- microSD card (with Dexter Industries custom software – available for purchase pre-loaded with our software or else you can download and image the cards yourself)
- Ethernet Cable
- Power Wall Adapter
- Computers with internet access
- Optional: Materials for students to add to their invention with crafts or other recycled materials.
GoBoxEd Classroom Kit, Mission Only Classroom Kit
You may also like…
The Servo Package is a device that rotates. It connects directly to the GoPiGo and enables you to control an attached sensor's rotation with software. This package comes with the servo and mounting hardware for attaching an ultrasonic sensor or Raspberry Pi camera to the GoPiGo Raspberry Pi robot car.


Variations: Giant Scuttle, Him of the Hands
Off the shores of Andros Island in the Bahamas are the blue holes. These are deep submarine caves that appear as dark "holes" in the sea. Local lore claims that they are bottomless, and while it may be safe to sail over them, diving is perilous. The Lusca embodies the terror of these dark places and personifies their dangerous currents. The blue holes are littered with the skeletons of its victims and the wreckage of boats and outboard motors.
A lusca is a gigantic octopus or cuttlefish, sometimes said to be half octopus and half dragon. It is also known as a "giant scuttle", where "scuttle" is the Bahamian term for octopus, and "Him of the Hands", although it is unclear whether those are actual hands or merely a reference to cephalopod arms. Those arms can reach up to 75 feet (roughly 23 meters) long. They are dangerous because they can grab a boat or a fisherman from one end and anchor themselves to the bottom on the other; if they cannot make fast to the seafloor, they cannot pull their prey down.
The lusca shoots its "hands" out of the water to snatch anyone or anything that comes too close to a blue hole. A lusca can stop a two-master dead in the water, coiling its tentacles around the rudder while its "hands" reach up and feel around the deck. The moment the tentacles contact a human, they immediately pull the unfortunate sailor into the water.
George J. Benjamin and Jacques-Yves Cousteau were both warned of the dangers of the lusca, but failed to find any trace of the giant octopus. In fact, Benjamin succeeded in retrieving an outboard motor supposedly lost to a lusca, much to the bemusement of the motor's proprietor.
Wood and Gennaro identify the St. Augustine blob, found on a Florida beach, as being the same animal as the lusca. As the blob was found to be a mass of connective tissue from a large vertebrate, probably a whale, this is unlikely.
Benjamin, G. J. (1970) Diving into the Blue Holes of the Bahamas. National Geographic, 138(3), pp. 347-363.
Cousteau, J. and Diolé, P. (1973) Trois Aventures de la Calypso. Flammarion.
Fodor, E. (1981) Fodor's Caribbean and the Bahamas. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Naish, D. (2016) Hunting Monsters: Cryptozoology and the Reality Behind the Myths. Arcturus, London.
Wood, F. G. and Gennaro, J. F. (1971) An Octopus Trilogy. Natural History, LXXX(3), pp. 15-24 and 84-87.
 1. Imagine if someone survived being on a boat when it was attacked by a kraken so they decided to try to assuage their trauma with a vacation to the Caribbean only to have their boat attacked by a lusca. He survives again and decides to try another vacation in Japan but his boat gets attacked by Akkorokamui. Every sea he goes to he ends up getting attacked by the lpcal mythic cephalopods when one day he's just had enough.
 "That's it! No more sailing on the sea. Where's a good place that's landlocked? I know! Oklahoma!"
 The very second his boat sails from his summerhouse down by the water he gets wrecked by a lake octopus.
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Create your own face tracking, pan and tilt camera on the Raspberry Pi!
This tutorial will demonstrate use of the OpenCV (computer vision) library to identify and track faces on the raspberry pi using two servos and a USB webcam. For the interested, I previously covered a more thorough overview of the installation of OpenCV from source here, however, I have found that the apt package is sufficient for all but the most bleeding edge of projects.
This project is based on the OpenCV face tracking example that comes along with the source-based distribution. In short, it performs face detection using haar-like features to analyze the video frame, and locates any faces present within it. In the live video window, identified faces are surrounded with a red rectangle. For additional information about how face detection works as well as the specifics of face detection with OpenCV, I recommend this article by Robin Hewitt.
Using the coordinates of the rectangle vertices, my script calculates the (X,Y) position of the center of the face. If the face is sufficiently on the left side of the screen, the pan servo will progressively rotate leftward, on the right side, rightward. This is likewise performed for the tilt servo as well, if the face is in the upper portion of the screen, it will pan upward, in the lower portion, pan downward. If the face is detected reasonably within the center of the image, no action is performed by the servos. This prevents unnecessary jitter once the camera has locked itself on the face.
- 512 MB raspberry pi
- 2x Hobby servos (Turnigy 9g fom Hobby King)
- Pan & tilt bracket (from Foxtech FPV)
- USB webcam (Microsoft LifeCam Show from Amazon)
- Power supply
- Hook-up wire
- Raspberry Pi enclosure (from Built to Spec)
Connect the red, power lines of the servos to +5v, the black ground lines to GND, and the yellow signal lines to the desired output pins, GPIO pins 22 and 23 in the example. Here is a diagram of the completed circuit (created with Fritzing):
And here is how it looks all put together:
Get the source.
The first step of this procedure is to install the required libraries and packages using the Raspberry Pi package manager. Open up terminal shell and run:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install git python-opencv python-all-dev libopencv-dev
This command will pull down all of the required packages (about 215 MB worth) including the git version control system, as well as the OpenCV development headers and Python bindings. The next step is to configure the Raspberry Pi for use with multiple pulse width modulation (PWM) outputs. Normally, the Raspberry Pi has only one channel of PWM output. However, thanks to the efforts of Richard Hirst, eight channels of PWM can be used through the use of this servoblaster kernel driver.The driver creates a device file, /dev/servoblaster to which commands can be sent to control the servos. The commands take the form "=" with servo number representing the desired servo (0-7 in this case) and servo position representing the pulse width in units of 10 µs. For example, to send servo 3 a pulse width of 120 µs: echo 3=120 > /dev/servoblaster To configure the servoblaster on the Raspberry Pi, first pull down the sources from Richard's Github repo:
git clone _URL_
Then change into the servo blaster directory, and install the module:
This command also sets up the necessary udev rules for accessing the /dev/servoblaster device. Note: using the 'install_autostart ' command will set up a Raspberry Pi to load the servoblaster kernel module on every boot. If you don't want this behavior, execute 'make install' instead. In either case, the module will not yet be loaded so go ahead and load it into the kernel using modprobe:
sudo modprobe servoblaster
Now that all the prerequisites have been installed and the servo blaster device configured, it's time to get the actual face tracking and servo moving code. Clone my repo from Github here:
git clone _URL_
Now change directory into the created folder, and run the script like this:
python./facetracker_servo_gpio.py 0
If you have a different servo bracket configuration, the pan and tilt axis may need to be inverted. To do so, invert the sign on the values of panStepSize and tiltStepSize. Similarly, increasing or decreasing these values will change the sensitivity of the movement, larger numbers corresponding to more degrees moved per face detection frame.
Google Talk/Chat/Messenger is normally used by humans to interact with other humans. However, its underlying technology can also be used as a mechanism to implement software robots. Internet bots, also known as web robots, WWW robots or simply 'bots' can also utilize the technology to perform automated functions over the web. There are many such bots in existence, offering a diverse spectrum of services from jokes (_EMAIL_) to URL Shortening using bit.ly (_EMAIL_), even mathematical calculation (_EMAIL_). Using such bots is quick and easy to configure, all that must be done is to add the bot as a contact to your messaging account. Then, whenever you desire data from the service, simply text the command to the bot and it will respond with the respective message.
The Raspi Bot is essentially the same as any other automated Internet robot. To configure it, it must first have its own e-mail address associated with a Google talk account. This e-mail address must also be added as a contact with the account that wishes to communicate to the bot. Then, whenever the script is running on the remote machine, it will log into Google chat and appear as a friend in your contact list.
The software itself is essentially just a Python daemon script that is a wrapper around the XMPP protocol. When executed, the script will sign in to Google talk using its own username and password. The Python script is derived from the open source project pygtalkrobot: An open source python gtalk(google talk) bot framework using XMPPPY and PyDNS libraries, that also references the source code of python-jabberbot.
The Raspi Bot requires several additional Python modules for use. The easiest way to install these is with the python pip package manager. If you don't have it installed, you can install them using apt-get:
sudo apt-get install python-pip git-core python2.7-dev
Then update the easy_install index:
sudo easy_install -U distribute
And install the GPIO, xmpppy, and pydns modules:
sudo pip install RPi.GPIO xmpppy pydns
Then clone my repo for the Raspi Gtalk robot:
git clone _URL_
Now change into the newly created directory:
Finally, you will need to configure the Raspi Bot's Gtalk username and password. This is done by editing the fields BOT_GTALK_USER, BOT_GTALK_PASS, and BOT_ADMIN, on lines 31-33 in the raspiBot.py file. It is recommended, though not required, to give the Raspi Bot its own Gmail account. Since access to the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins is restricted, the script needs to be run with sudo:
sudo python./raspiBot.py
This basic sample script supports the following commands:
- [pinon|pon|on|high] [pin] : turns on the specified GPIO pin
- [pinoff|poff|off|low] [pin] : turns off the specified GPIO pin
- [write|w] [pin] [state] : writes specified state to the specified GPIO pin
- [read|r] [pin]: reads the value of the specified GPIO pin
- [available|online|busy|dnd|away|idle|out|xa] [arg1] : set gtalk state and status message to specified argument
- [shell|bash] [arg1] : executes the specified shell command argument after 'shell' or 'bash'
For example, sending the message "pinon 10″ will turn on GPIO pin #10, "read 8″ will read the current state of GPIO pin 8, or "bash ps" to execute the shell command 'ps'.
The video demonstration uses a slide switch connected to GPIO pin 8 and an LED connected to GPIO pin 10. Here is a diagram of how this is wired (created with Fritzing):
Use case #1: Home automation
One of the most obvious usages of this technology is for home automation purposes. The Raspi Bot can be accessed anywhere with Google talk, which to my understanding, is nearly every system in existence. Send the Raspi Bot messages to turn on and off lights and other electrical appliances.
This is also useful to provide immediate notification in the event of intrusion detection. The Raspi Bot can be supplemented with additional security sensors, including infrared motion, and ultrasonic distance sensors. If any pre-programmed sensor violates any predefined condition, you can be immediately notified via message from the Raspi Bot.
Use case #2: Remote shell
The Raspi Bot can be used essentially as a remote shell. In this configuration, every message sent to the Raspi Bot will be interpreted as a shell command with the output piped back to the user in the form of a response message. Obviously, this could raise some security concerns. To protect against misuse, the Raspi Bot will only respond to Google chat messages from the Google user designated as the


The Introduction To Access Macros
The Introduction To Access Macros
The Introduction To Access Macros
 (Create a Macro in Access)
We have been able to get data from excel, either by importing or linking. We can pretty much do the same thing with data that is already in another access database. You must have a brief introduction to create a macro in access. Now, if you are developing some access to databases for different reasons, they still might have common data that you wish to share or Move between databases that are achievable. So, in our client's database, we might want to import from the adventure works database.
For Example
The stores that are currently held within there are done through external data and new data source from the database. It's from an access database. We then need to tell it where that database is, so in my documents area there are Adventure works. Open what I want to import or link. In fact, we are not just restricted to importing the data. We could import queries.
The Introduction To Access Macros 1
The Introduction To Access Macros 2
The Introduction To Access Macros 3
We could import forms, reports, macros and VBA modules that exist in the database. Then we get the import dialog box, which allows us to go through each of the sections. Find if there is anything you want there such as any modules, macros or any reports.
Rename The Store
Well, I actually like the store information. Do you want to save the import of the store as a step-like? We did during one of the excel imports. I personally would like to rename it. So that it has my Prefix Tbl store in design. I then see that the store id is the order number or custom id. Then the name of the store's short text is restricted to 50 characters.
So, that table now exists in my database, I can do anything to it. I can delete people or I can add new people to it. It will have no effect on the store Table. In the adventure works database essentially I have just imported it. It's now mine to use as I see fit, and we can do that with any set of data from any other access database.
An alternative will be to share data. By linking to a table in another database is quite useful for address information or shipping information. So I need to go pretty much the same steps to start with anyway external new data source from the database.
Link Database to Tables
For the best introduction to create a macro in access, you need to link database to tables. It's an access database that you need to know where it is. It's the adventure-works Database that we are not importing this time. You can't link to other objects. You can only link to tables, which is why the other tabs aren't here.
I am interested in the state province, that creates a linked table notice on the little arrow a bit like the excel one. Exactly the same as the excel's little blue arrow of state province because when I open that table, I can see all the provinces. I can make changes here if any of the state names or regions change. So I have got areas of France, I could add a new one 96 Italy. I have got a new state province and country region added to the state province table.
Unable To Change The Structure
Not only here but in adventure works they will see any changes I make to the data. What I can't do is change the structure of the table. If I try to go into the design of this table it says this is the link table, and you can't change the design of it. So, I can see the order number a short text for the province code and a short text for the region code. The name for the actual region can't physically lets you make a change. It looks like you can, but if then you try to save you can't save the changes for a linked table, do you want to continue.
Anyway, undo close and reopen it because I can't change the structure, I can't add a column, I can't rename anything. In short, I can't make any changes to the structure, but I am in control of the data. So my new region, which I have added will appear on the other side. That's a linked table, which sits in another database.
The other database can make changes to the design and to the data. The other database can only make changes to the design if I'm not currently connected to it.
Explore The Database Options
If you're using a table, that's in other databases as linked, all those would need to be closed. Before you can make a structural change, let's link to another table so external data resource from the database.
When I open it, I can see all the shipping methods, so these shipping methods effectively can now be used by this database. The structure of this table's been built by the other database. All I can do is a link to it. It asks me if I want to save the changes while I can't. So, we will say no, so that's linking tables or importing them. You don't need to decide for the best set of data that you are using.
Database is Editable from Two Different Ways
If you need to share that between databases then a link is best. If you just want to make a copy of it you can use it in another system. Then importing is best, either way, the data is in both places, or it's in one place and linked to the other.


Benjamin Herschel Babbage
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Benjamin Babbage
Benjamin Herschel Babbage (1815—1878) was an English scientist, engineer and explorer.[1] Babbage was the son of the famous mathematician, Charles Babbage. He went to South Australia to map the geography and the location of minerals.
Babbage was very thorough, and spent a lot of time making sure that his information was correct.[1] He carried a lot of equipment, as well as four and half tonnes of food, enough to last 18 months in the desert.[2] Among his supplies he had 20 kilograms of chocolate and 5000 litres of water.[2] He also took a flock of 150 sheep, which limited the speed the group could move.[2] The government became frustrated with Babbage's slow progress, they wanted to know about possible farm lands and valuable minerals as soon as possible.[1] Eventually Babbage was removed from the job and replaced by Major Peter Warburton.[1]
Babbage later helped on the planning for the Australian Overland Telegraph Line.[1] He was interested in growing grapes and retired to his large vineyard at St.Marys. He died on 20 October 1878, and is buried at St.Marys.[1]
References[change | change source]
 1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Symes, G.W. (1969). "Babbage, Benjamin Herschel (1815 - 1878)". Australian Dictionary of Biography Online. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
 2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bailey, John (2006). Mr. Stuart's Track: the forgotten life of Australia's greatest explorer. Sydney, Australia: Macmillan. p. 10. ISBN 9781405037303.


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On the eve of Daeboreum, the first full moon of the lunar year, the markets are full of foodstuffs associated with the festival such as peanuts, walnuts, red beans, millet and wild vegetables. The signature dish for the festival, which falls this Thursday, is ogokbap or five different kinds of grain -- rice, millet, red beans and beans.
Choi Myung-lim, a curator at the National Folk Museum of Korea, says some farmers include any crop they grow, since that augurs well for a good harvest of it. People shared ogokbap with neighbors because they believed that eating the ogokbap of more than three households would bring them luck throughout a year.
According to the Korean Almanac, a book on the changing seasons and customs of Korea, ogokbap also has a healing effect for children. If their skin turns dark and they lose weight in spring affected by the change of the season, having them share ogokbap gathered from 100 homes in the neighborhood with a dog will solve the problem -- child and dog should sit face to face and take turns having a spoonful of the dish.
After they eat their ogokbap in the morning, people give it to cattle together with wild vegetables. At that time, it is said, if the cattle eat the ogokbap first, it will be a fat year, and if the cows eat the wild vegetables first, it will be a lean year. Another saying recommends eating ogokbap nine times a day, implying the importance of hard work.
On the morning of Daeboreum, Koreans practice the custom of cracking different kinds of nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, gingko nuts, pine nuts and peanuts.
What significance does this custom have? Koreans in old times believed that cracking as many nuts as their age in the morning of Daeboreum prevented them from suffering skin trouble like boils and gave them good teeth.
Cho Hoo-jong, a former professor of the Department of Food and Nutrition at Myongji University, said people in the old days practiced the custom to supplement the vitamins and minerals that had been lacking during winter when fresh vegetables and fruit were not available.


1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Potter, Philip Cipriani Hambley
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POTTER, PHILIP CIPRIANI HAMBLEY (_PHONE_), English musician, was born in London, the son of a pianoforte teacher, and godson of a sister of G. B. Cipriani, the painter. He was educated for the musical profession under Attwood, Callcott, Crotch and Woelfl; later at Vienna, where he received encouragement from Beethoven. In 1816 an overture by him was performed at a Philharmonic concert, and he began a distinguished career as a pianist. In 1822 he became a professor, and in 1832 principal (resigning in 1859) of the Royal Academy of Music; in 1860 an exhibition was founded there in his honour. Cipriani Potter composed many works, now mostly forgotten, though important in their day. He died on the 28th of September 1871.


_i A_i, and if I is a random variable such that \mathbb{P}(I=i) = x_i one has \mathbb{E} A_I = A x. Using this randomization in a Stochastic MD-SP one obtains the exact same rate of convergence (in expectation) but now each step has time complexity of order O(n), resulting in an overall complexity to reach an \epsilon-optimal point (in expectation) of O(\|A\|_{\max}^2 \frac{n \log n}{\epsilon^2}). This result is especially amazing since we obtain a sublinear time algorithm (the complexity is \tilde{O}(n) while the 'size' of the problem is O(n^2)). One can propose an even better algorithm based on Mirror Prox with a complexity of \tilde{O}(n / \epsilon) and we refer the reader to this book chapter by Juditsky and Nemirovski for more details.
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text:
An Example of Woodlot Forestry.
During the winter of 1911-12 an improvement thinning was m'ade in the forest on the State Reserve at Mount Laurel near Moorestown, Burlington county. This forest came into the possession of the State in the usual neglected condition; that is, it had been simply allowed to grow. Fortunately, fire had been kept out. The presence of considerable blight-killed chestnut on a part of the area, and a general crowding of the trees, made necessary a felling much heavier than would be proper except under extraordinary conditions. Forty-five per cent, of the cubic contents of the stand was removed, and some large vacancies resulted because of irregularities of growth, but the greater part of the area was so treated that a fairly even stand of trees was left (see Figs. 3, 11, 13). Fifteen dollars per acre was netted on the operation. More could have been realized by a private owner who would adapt time and convenience to the work.
As the forest on this reserve is typical of that on many areas in New Jersey, it is the purpose of this bulletin to describe its treatment as a practical example of how similar forests should be managed. The questions whioh entered into the treatment of this forest, and which will have to be considered in most woodlot forestry, with the faults that were revealed, are discussed under the following headings
- Publication date 1912
- Topics Woodlots
- Publisher Trenton, MacCrellish & Quigley, State Printers
- Collection cornell; biodiversity; americana
- Digitizing sponsor MSN
- Contributor Cornell University Library
- Contributor usage rights See terms
- Language English
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** Many of these books may be available from your local library. Check it out!


text:
§ Lord Braine of Wheatley
asked Her Majesty's Government:
How many abortions have been performed within the North Thames Region, under the provisions of the Abortion Act 1967 (as amended); and how many and what percentage of such abortions were performed in an emergency to save the life of the mother.
§ Lord Mackay of Ardbrecknish
The total number of abortions carried out under the Abortion Act, to women usually resident in the North Thames health Region1, from 1970 to 19942 was 752,736. During this period, 19 abortions, 0.003 per cent. of the total number of 196WA abortions performed, were carried out in an emergency, certified by the operating practitioner as immediately necessary, to save the life of the woman3.
1Figures are based, where possible, on 1994 health authority boundaries. Other boundary changes have not been reflected in the figures.
2 Figures for 1968–69 are not held on a comparable basis.
3Abortions performed under statutory grounds 5 (1970–31st March 1991) and F (1st April 1991–present)—i.e., where in the case of emergency it was necessary to save the life of the woman.


text:
A refrigerator relay, or start relay, jump-starts the refrigerator's compressor. Without the relay, no electrical charge is delivered to the compressor and the refrigerator does not cool. Relays usually make a loud clicking noise when they are in need of repair or replacement.Continue Reading
The relay is located on the lower back section of most refrigerators. It is protected by the terminal cover box and is plugged directly into the back of the compressor. Most relays have a set of copper coils, which, like the terminal on the compressor, must be kept clean and free of corrosion. Minor corrosion may be cleaned off using metal cleaner, but, like a car battery, if the corrosion is too severe, the relay might need to be replaced.
Solid state relays are becoming more popular. They use rotors to generate the power needed to start the compressor. When the compressor starts, it feeds electricity back into the relay that is maintained as long as the compressor is running. When the compressor shuts off, the rotors slow down,and the relay cools and gets ready for the next start. Once the rotor spin dips to between 60 to 80 percent of its full speed, the compressor starts again.Learn more about Refrigerators & Freezers


text:
In the early spring, the surfaces of the tree leaves develop small spherical growths called galls. The small special growths are often a light yellow, green, red, or brownish colour and are normally on the top surface of the leaves. Depending on the variety of gall, they can be created as a egg nest or be the result of a toxin injected into the leaf.
Leaf galls are identifiable by small round balls or bumps that grow on the leaves, twigs, and leaf stems of trees. They can also appear as a wide variety of abnormal growth in a variety of shapes on the leaves, twigs, or branches. Infected branches may be discoloured or distorted and drop prematurely. In some cases, the infected branches die.
In many cases, Galls are created by tiny mites or other insects that bite into the underside of the leaf and then inject the leaf with a growth promoting substance that creates the spherical shaped growth. The circular ball or gall encloses the mite and the female mites lay their eggs in the gall.
Recommended Steps to Control Galls
Once the gall is formed, there is no way to eliminate the balls in the current growing season, however, to help control gall outbreaks, severely infected branches can be removed. Branches and leaves that fall to the ground should be collected and removed.
During the growing season, the tree can be sprayed with Bug Buster Pyrethrin Insect Spray or Take Down Garden Spray to help reduce the mite population and to prevent the tree being attacked by other insects drawn to weakened trees.


text:
A Brazilian social worker, Jeide Nogueira, has been working in Sambaquim and Riachão do Sambaquin, two small Quilombolas communities, for ten years. Quilombolas are the descendents of runaway slaves. She decided to work in these communities because the population is extremely poor and suffers from discrimination, even by Brazilian standards. "Until then, they had an extremely negative self-image. This has changed in the past two years, thanks to the film Ate a vista alcança."
The idea of making the documentary, shown at the initiative of Caramundo during the Latin American Film Festival (LAFF) in Utrecht, was born when Nogueira discovered that almost no one in the community had ever seen the sea, and that they would love to do so. She organised a game of Bingo to collect money to rent a bus so that the entire community could go see the sea, 150 km away.
Peres Calheiros had also worked with this community as photographer for a group of anthropologist researchers. When he heard about the plans, he decided to make a film about the project. The result is a combination of digital film and black-and-white photographs. The effect is strong: the moving images give information about the community and its background, while the powerful photographs emphasise the historical value of the trip. According to Calheiros, the film supports the Quilombolas in their struggle for recognition of their heritage. "The film portrays people with a dream. The audience can identify with them, because everyone has dreams." As a sequel to his documentary, Peres Calheiros organised an auto-audiovisual project Tankalé, in which people film their own community.
Seu Joãzinho, one of the people in the film, is radiant as he talks about the film festival of Pernambuco, where television cameras recorded three thousand people applauding the film. "We were represented for the first time." Peres Calheiros: "Mass media in Brazil consistently portray Quilombolas as gangs who steal land from large landowners, but in truth it is more the other way around."
LAFF receives support from among others Hivos NCDO Culture Fund, the Film Fund and the VSB Fund.


New drywall helps save energy, therefore isn't boring
Drywall may not be the most exciting topic, and I fully accept that. But what this new drywall could do to your power bill might excite you. The new drywall is filled with tiny beads of paraffin that absorb heat during the day, and release it at night. It could be the latest thing in green building technology.
Interested yet? Well…it could very well save a building's energy consumption by 40% so here's the scoop.
Normal drywall is made from gypsum-based plaster. The new drywall will contain the paraffin capsules for almost half the mix. As the building heats up during the day from sunlight, human activity, computers, appliances, etc. the beads of paraffin in the drywall will turn into a liquid state as they absorb the heat inside the building. This helps cool the building.
Conversely, at night when the beads start to return to a solid it releases the stored heat, keeping the building warmer.
The new drywall is a result of experiments at Spain's Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. When scientists ran tests, they found 1.5-inch thick boards made from the new material had five times the thermal capacity than normal drywall at the same thickness.
Incredibly, a six-inch layer of hollow brick masonry was found to have the same capacity of the new drywall. Further, in an area where the material was tested, a temperature range of 68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit could be maintained without using air conditioning.
Given that these tests were done in Spain, can you start to see how these results might show promise for the U.S. market?
While there are some brands of drywall using paraffin already on the market, the mixture is not nearly as high as the ratios used in the testing. The tests just confirm that expanding the limits of the mix can exponentially change the efficiency, and the material is viable as a material to alternatively help keep costs down.
It's nice to know that there are scientists thinking of things like smart walls — they'll help us save on power costs without even having to think about it!
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, via Gizmag
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text:
200 Years. 200 Stories. Story
Lucanus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1763), the iconic Stag Beetle of Eastern State Penitentiary, collected in Cellblock 4, July 1, 2011.
Greg Cowper is more than a curatorial assistant in the Academy's Department of Entomology. He's also the mastermind behind the Specimen exhibit at Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary. Cowper's installation was inspired by an article written by Dr. Henry Skinner, a medical doctor and late 19th-century entomology curator at the Academy. Skinner wrote the article after an encounter with a Penitentiary inmate's insect collection, and Cowper's work expands upon the prisoner's assemblage. The prisoner, who was living in solitary confinement, gathered butterfly and moth specimens during his exercise periods in a narrow, high-walled exercise yard. Following a professional visit to the Penitentiary in 1889, Skinner published a brief report on this "Unique Collecting-Field" in the Entomological News and Proceedings of the Entomological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia in 1890. After revealing that he was "mortified to find a lepidopterist" among the prison's inmates, Skinner noted that the collection covered an impressive 17 butterfly and moth species, some of them quite rare, and one cicada species.
Cowper, emulating the prisoner's methods, returned to Eastern State to build his installation. The specimens are all captured within the walls on penitentiary grounds and encompass more than 300 species of insects and other invertebrates. Enlisting the help of Academy Exhibits Preparator Mike Beers, Cowper houses the collection in a Cabinet of Curiosities crafted from old prison doors, hardware, and cigar boxes (the container of choice for amateur entomologists). The installation has become a natural history performance piece, constantly growing and evolving, as Cowper and penitentiary staff continue to retrieve more insects and other invertebrates. As Cowper delves deeper into the penitentiary's cellblocks, the collection's newest additions represent more than just invertebrates. His latest discoveries include a mummified cat and preserved bird whose appearance echoes the famous Berlin Archaeopteryx fossil—leading Cowper to christen the find Penitentopteryx.
Check out the Entomology Department to learn more about the Academy's exciting insect-related projects, collection, and research.


text:
CAMBODIAN PALM-LEAF MANUSCRIPTS: Procedures for Conservation
The manuscripts have been largely stabilized by casing and boxing, with an insect repellant inserted in the box. The manuscripts that have been microfilmed are relatively dust-free. Most of the manuscripts appear to be written by incision, and have a strong image. Some are insect-damaged and broken, particularly at the ends.
The following procedures are designed to clean soiled surfaces, strengthen the image, support damaged areas, impart flexibility, and reduce further insect damage.
1. Fumigation. It is important that, as each group of manuscripts is set aside for conservation treatment, they be removed from their boxes and placed in an airtight container for fumigation. To ensure that each cased manuscript is returned to the correct box, the cases and first leaves of each manuscript should be marked in soft pencil with the box number.
The container (a plastic garbage container with lid, for example) should have an appropriate quantity of para-dichlorobenzene covering the base. The manuscripts in their cases may then be stood on end, supported above the level of the para-dichlorobenzene by bricks or stones, but not jammed in too tightly. The lid should be sealed, and the manuscripts left for no less than one week.
By employing more than one "fumigator," it should be possible to arrive at a workable schedule, coordinating fumigation exposure to conservation treatment time.
2. Cleaning. The manuscripts should be removed from the fumigator and the protective cases one at a time. The leaves should be numbered discreetly in the lower right corner with a soft pencil, and the covers and strings carefully removed.
All the leaves should be lightly dusted with a soft dry brush to remove dust and insect parts. If manuscript fragments are loose, they should be set aside in a polyester envelope bearing the leaf number for future attachment.
After the bench surface has been cleaned, a sheet of polyester film is laid onto it, and a stable container of warm (preferably distilled) water and a lint-free cloth (preferably cheese cloth) prepared. The manuscript should be checked to ensure that the writing is incised and not surface-written (a magnifying glass and a raking light are helpful).
The cloth is dampened, and a small area tested to ascertain the stability of the image. If stable, the leaf is carefully cleaned on both sides, and placed between sheets of blotting paper to dry. The polyester film is wiped, and the next leaf cleaned, until all have been treated.
3. Repair and Support. If the manuscript is damaged (by insects or splits, etc.) it must be repaired at this point. A stable adhesive that does not readily mold is a mixture of methylcellulose and Elvace 1864 polyvinylacetate. This is made as follows:
Place one cup (8 ounces, 1/2 pint, 225 ml.) of water (preferably distilled) in a sealable container.
Sprinkle into the water 1 1/2 teaspoons (7.5 ml.) of methylcellulose and stir until completely blended. After approximately one hour, the solution will attain a jelly-like consistency.
Place 1/2 cup (4 ounces, 100 ml.) of water in a container, such as a paper cup or glass.
Mix into it one teaspoon of full strength PVA, and stir vigorously until completely diluted.
Gradually add diluted PVA to the methylcellulose, stirring until fully integrated. It is best to use only about two thirds of the dilute PVA initially, adding the rest if necessary after which it will be the consistency of thick cream.
Allow the mix to stand for one half hour before use. When not in use, keep the lid sealed and, if possible, refrigerate. A small amount of para-dichlorobenzene or thymol may be wrapped in a square of cheesecloth and taped to the inside of the lid to reduce surface molding.
A piece of Tengujo tissue is torn or water-cut to cover the damaged area, and laid onto a small square of polyester film. The tissue is carefully pasted, the tissue laid into place on the palm leaf, and gently rubbed down through the film with a bone folder. The film is removed, and the repair allowed to dry.
If a significant portion of the palm leaf is missing, a piece of Kitakata paper is carefully torn or water-cut to match the missing area, and tipped into place. It is then supported on both sides by the tissue in the manner noted above. Loose fragments are similarly secured in place in this fashion.
An effective variation of this repair technique is the use of tissue coated with a dry fish gelatin solution. With this technique, the tissue is laid dry over the dampened surface of the damaged palm leaf, and pressed into place with a damp cloth until firmly set. The advantage of this method is that repairs dry quickly, adhesive does not have to be prepared, and adhesion is very strong.
4. Oiling. The oiling of the palm leaf imparts a smooth surface and slight increase in flexibility. If the oil is insect-repellant, the leaf has added protection.
The leaf is laid onto polyester film or glass, and a thin coat of cedarwood oil applied to the entire surface on both sides of the leaf. It will be noted that tissue repairs are not released by the oil, but they blend further into the leaf surface.
Each leaf should be air-dried in a constant air current to avoid molding. A useful method is to secure the leaves to a line by a peg or spring clip.
When dry, the surface should be lightly polished with a soft dry cloth, the manuscript restrung, recased, and reboxed. It is important that the case and box be clean and the insect repellant in place before reshelving.
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IGTV is a popular platform by Instagram that supports long videos. Instagram is mostly used for entertainment purposes, so if you create such content, it could be the right platform to gain more audience. In this article, we will show you how to film IGTV video and edit it using a video editor. Stay with us, and you will get to know everything by the end of this article.
Part 1. 4 Ways to Film Videos for Instagram's IGTV
1) Table Videos
Content creators also record IGTV videos while sitting at a table. It can be an interview or a podcast. They can also show some tricks, tips, and tutorials. If you are on a table, then shooting a video will be much easier. You can use a tripod to keep the camera still. Moreover, you can easily control the lighting in your studio. However, in such videos, the sound quality also matters. If you are addressing people, you need to have an excellent microphone to record the sound without any disturbance.
2) Time-lapse Videos
Time-lapse videos are also popular, and you can share them on Instagram IGTV. Creating a time-lapse is an art; therefore, you need to learn it, and it might take some time. You can use different mobile applications to record a timelapse video. Instagram's Hyperlapse is also a good option for iOS. While shooting a time-lapse video, you need to keep your camera still for a long time.
The most important thing in creating time-lapse videos is the frame rate. You need to set the application to click images at different intervals; therefore, the frame rate plays an important role. With time, you will get to know how to select the right frame rate according to the duration and place where you are shooting the video.
3) Vlogging
IGTV can also be used for vlogging. You can upload your daily vlogs, routines, tips, or anything you like to share with your audience. IGTV supports long videos, so it is the right platform for vlogging. People use it for entertainment, which is why you get more engagement on the platform. While recording your vlog, you need to have a camera stabilizer for the perfect shooting of your videos.
4) Recording the Surrounding and Live Videos
People also record what they see in their surroundings. If something is interesting or worth sharing with the audience, you can record it. You can also create stories, comedy skits, or anything you like. You might also see live recordings of programs and shows on IGTV; thus, you can also have your own live show.
Part 2. How to Edit Videos for Instagram's IGTV
Filme - Win & Mac
iMyFone Filme is a professional video editor, which is suitable for beginners. Anyone can use it without any hassle as it has a simple user interface. You can edit your video as you like.
 - Filme allows you to select the IGTV format for the video. You can select MP4 container, frame rate, bitrate, video codec, and other advanced settings.
 - You can do almost every type of edit using Filme. It is an all-in-one tool for video editing.
 - You can add effects, transitions, text, stickers, GIFs, images, audio, or anything to the video. Everything is simple and easy.
 - Filme allows you to add multiple audio, videos, and images to the timeline in different tracks. Therefore, you can add multiple media at the same time instant.
Try It FreeTry It Free
How to Edit IGTV Videos on Filme
Step 1: Open Filme on your computer. Click on File and head over to New Project. You will have different options for aspect ratios. For Instagram's IGTV, 9:16 (Portrait) is the recommended one.
Step 2: You will see the import options in the Media menu. You can import from your computer or scan a QR code through your mobile for direct import. After importing the videos, images, and all files, you will have them in the Project Media. Now, drag the videos and other files to the timeline. You can adjust the duration by dragging the ends of the video or image in the timeline.
Step 3: The toolbar above the timeline allows you to crop, split, adjust speed, adjust color, rotate, record voiceover, record video, and make other changes.
filme timeline toolbar
Step 4: If you want to add effects, go to the Effects menu. You will see the available options. You can select any effect you like and add it to the video. Similarly, you can add text, transitions, or anything you like.
filme effecrs for igtv
Step 5: Drag the music file to the timeline and adjust its duration. You can add multiple music files using different soundtracks. You can also add images and videos using different video tracks.
Step 6: Go to the Export menu and click on Export Video. Select the MP4 format on the left and go to Settings. You can select the desired resolution, frame rate, and other settings. Click on Export; your file will be saved to the destination.
Videoshop - iOS & Android
Videoshop is a paid Android and iOS application, but you can also use the free version to edit your IGTV video. It is a simple tool, and you can easily do basic editing with it.
Steps to Edit IGTV Video on Videoshop
Step 1: Open Videoshop on your mobile phone. You will see two options on the screen: Import Clip and Record. Tap on Import Clip.
Step 2: You can select the videos and images for the video. Select media and tap on Done.
Step 3: Your media will be imported into the video editor. You will have different options at the bottom to resize, add music, trim, add text, add transition, adjust speed, and make other changes. You can edit your videos as you like.
Step 4: Tap on Text. You will have the text on the video. Double-tap on the text to edit it. You can also select the desired style of the text.
videoshop text for igtv
Step 5: If you want to add music, tap on the Music button. You can select music from Videoshop or import your own. You can also add sound effects from their library.
Step 6: Tap on Next. Now, you can choose filters and themes if you want. Finally, tap on the Share button at the top right corner. Tap on Advanced to select the resolution and FPS. Go back and tap on Save to Gallery. Your video will automatically be saved in MP4 format.
Also Read:
How to Share IGTV Video on Instagram Story >>
Part 3. 4 Best Tips to Shooting IGTV Videos
1) Professional Camera
The quality of the video has the utmost importance. You cannot neglect it in any case. If the video you have filmed is not of high quality, no one is going to enjoy it. You need to create high-quality videos in excellent resolution. Therefore, you need a professional camera. If you have a DSLR or a high-quality mobile phone camera that can record HD, Full HD, or 4K videos, you are good to go. Keep in mind that you cannot improve the quality of the video later.
2) Choose the Right Video Settings
Video settings also play an important role. You can select the video format, which should be MP4 for IGTV videos. You can also select the frame rate, and for IGTV, the recommended frame rate is 30 FPS. Then, you need to select the right resolution for the video. You can go for 1920 x 1080 and place your camera in the vertical position, and then you can rotate the video in a video editor. Thus, you will get a 1080 x 1920 video.
You also need to set the contrast, sharpness, saturation, color tone, white balance, and other things. You can see the Kelvin setting in the white balance. You can set it to 5500K for the daytime and 3200K for the nighttime.
3) Keep Your Camera Still
This is another important thing that must be kept in mind. Your camera should be still. While you are recording in your studio, you can use a camera stand, but if you are recording by keeping your camera in your hand, you need to be careful. You can use a camera stabilizer if you want to move the camera while recording the video.
4) Focus on Light and Background
The light on the set is important. You need to set it before shooting. You can adjust lighting or arrange some lights if needed. If there is an overexposure to light, you need a few umbrellas. Another important thing is the background of the video. You need to see whether your background is clearly visible in the light or not. Select a suitable background that is visible to make the video more attractive.
Final Words
IGTV is a popular platform for sharing long videos. Your long video content will get more engagement as Instagram is mostly used for entertainment.
We have shared some ways and tips to create awesome IGTV videos. After shooting the video, you need to edit it and make it according to the platform. You can also split long videos on Instagram. We recommend Filme as it is a professional video editing tool. You can edit your videos like a professional and convert the video into the right IGTV format.
Try It FreeTry It Free


Antonio D'Amato: Körper
 - ©, Antonio D'Amato, Körper
Artist Statement:
 Körper is an acousmatic piece entirely based on the elaboration of an acoustic pulse sequence which was produced in the course of a MRI diagnostic test. The aesthetic idea implied in the composition refers to the topical and controversial theme known as "global control and censorship". Through the examination of the constant and continuous information flow, which is either consciously or unconsciously produced by everyone, it is possible to accomplish a condition of control; that condition ought to benefit the national and global security. The question is: How deep or intrusive should the control on individuals be in order guarantee global well-being and security? If nowadays cameras and sensors constantly watch movements of the individuals in cities and buildings, can we assume that in the future cells and chemical reactions in our bodies will be scanned and examined in order to gather information to be collected, stored and processed? Technically speaking the composition uses exclusively a short audio recording of a MRI test. Spectral editing and resonant filters are chained in order to isolate restricted areas in the whole sound object. The foundation material is clearly revealed only at the very end of the piece.
All Works by the Artist(s) in This Archive:


Auto tagging
Why auto tagging is usefull?
Tags are very usefull to categorize your pages. You can use them in the powerful ListPages module of wikidot. And you should use them since there are still some shortcomings in the listPages module (see below).
However in wikidot it is only possible to set tags when you, the author, see the page in 'view' mode, so not in 'edit' mode. This causes the annoying fact that you need to submit your valuable data (tags) in two steps.
I created some tools that can help you with this:
 1. A auto tagging script that creates a new page and adds in one go a tag "_x", where x would be the first character of your title. In this way you can make selections on the first character of your title.
 2. A small script that enables you to use all the words from a certain field from your data form and converts them to tag word in one go.
Here are a couple of reasons why you need tags in order to filter.
The Listpages module is a very powerfull tool for wikidot. However there are many things that can not be done using this module. For example:
 - You can not select a certain page. This could be very handy for example to include a certain piece of content from another page. If you are familiar with live _templates and content blocks then the next sniplet will illustrate my drift:
[[Module Listpage page="books:lord-of-the-rings"]]
 - You can not select pages of which the title starts with a certain character. The next sniplet will illustrate my drift:
[[Module Listpage category="books" title{1}="L"]]
 - You can not select on the content of data-field (yet). The next sniplet will illustrate my drift:
[[Module Listpage category="books" form_data{booktitle}="*Lord*"]]
So…use tags!
The ListPages module however does have the possibility to select on tags. The bad thing about this is that you need to set tags to your pages, which can be a drag. So inspired by the question posed on the forum I made the following:
A kind of new page module that can interpret your title and accordingly set some tags automatically. For example:
Title Autotag Module Atribute
Lord of the rings. "_L" first
Lord of the rings. "lord of rings the" all
Lord of the rings. "lord-of-the-rings" unix
To make this work I use the possibilities of the API and made some external PHP-scripts. So how will you get this to work on your page/site? Simple!
Insert the following code in your page. This creates a new-page-button.
The URL in this codeblock is split over several lines to make it readable, however make sure that there are no linebreaks when you use this code, look at collapsible text under block for original code.
frameborder="0" scrolling="no" width="300px" height="40px"]]
Adjust the words in capitals to your own case :
YOUR_SiTE_NAME = your sitename (http:/ /
YOUR_CATEGORY = the category where the page should be created.
YOUR_PARENT_FULL_NAME = if you want a parent page.
BUTTON_TEXT = text you wish on your button.
METHODE = first/all/unix not implemented yet
You can also adjust width and height of the Iframe.
 - I need to have permission to write pages on your site.
 - You need to set API-access in your admin:manage to "enabled"
In action:
Here is a list of titles starting with "L".
Lost in space tags: _l
Lord of the rings tags: _l
Here is a list of all the pages.
Lunar Landing tags:
Ben Hur tags:
Test tags:
The war of the worlds tags: _t
The thing tags: _t
Lost in space tags: _l
Lord of the rings tags: _l


text:
First Olympic Appearance: 1896 (men); 2000 (women)
by John Gettings and Mark Zurlo
It's impossible to put an exact date on the first weightlifting competition, but to give you an idea, ancient Chinese texts and Greek statues commonly depict the feat. Not much about the sport has changed since then. The winner is still the man—and finally the woman—to lift the most weight.
Women's weightlifting made its first Olympic appearance in 2000. Both men and women must complete two different lifts in this event. In a "snatch lift", the barbell is pulled from the platform to above the head in one continuous motion. In a "clean-and-jerk" the lift is done in two motions. First, the bar is pulled up to the shoulders as the lifter goes into a squat and follows that with a burst into an upright position. Once there, with the bar resting on their chest, the lifter must extend his/her arms and raise the bar above their head and wait for the referee's signal.
The maximum weights the lifter is able to successfully lift using both techniques are added together to determine the winner.
If you want to keep track of how much each competitor is lifting it's easy because the plates at either end of the bar are color coded according to their weight: Red 25 kg/55 lbs; Blue 20 kg/44 lbs; Yellow 15 kg/33 lbs; Green 10 kg/22 lbs; White 5 kg/11 lbs; Black 2.5 kg/5.5 lbs; Silver 1.25 kg/2.75 lbs; Record Disks.25 kg/.55 lbs. And don't forget the bar-the men's bar weighs 44 pounds and the women's bar weighs 33 pounds.
Men compete in eight weight classes, and the women seven. The maximum weights for each of those classes were new in 2000, therefore, each gold medallist automatically established a new Olympic record in their weight class.
The weightlifting competition at the Beijing Games will feature 170 men and 90 women and will be held at the 5,400-seat Beijing University Gymnasium.
Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.


Cerbera Odollam a.k.a
Suicide Tree
Plant Toxin
Reported by: Ruedas, Laurence N. and Teñido, Christene Q.
Cerbera Odollam
Cerbera Odollam
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Eudicots
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Cerbera
Species: C. odollam
Common Names: Pong
Pong Tree
Status: Vulnerable
Cerbera odollam commonly known as
the Suicide tree, Pong-pong,
and Othalanga, is a species of tree native
to India and other parts of Southern Asia.
It grows preferentially in coastal salt
swamps and in marshy areas.
It grows wild along the coast in many parts
of Kerala, India and has been grown as a
hedge between home compounds.
Cerbera odollam tree is known by a
number of vernacular names depending
on the region.
 othalanga maram in the Malayalam
language used in Kerala, India
 kattu arali in the adjacent state of
 famentana, kisopo, samanta or tangena in
 pong-pong, buta-buta,bintaro or nyan in
Southeast Asia.
The kernels of C.odollam contain cerberin,
a potent alkaloid toxin
The poison blocks the calcium ion
channels in heart muscle, causing
disruption of the heart beat. This is most
often fatal.
Cerberin is difficult to detect in autopsies
and its taste can be masked with
strong spices.
CerberinC32H48O9
Cerberin is a cardiac glycoside, a
substance that blocks electric impulses in
the body (including the beating of the
 It is found in the leaves and the fruits of
plants in the genus Cerbera.
Cerbera Manghas
Cerbera Tanghin
Within an hour:
retching, nausea, vomiting and abdominal
pain occur
After few hours:
- patient becomes weak and drowsy and may
lapse into coma
- Bradycardia arrhythmia is the most obvious
Management consists of the elimination of
unabsorbed poison by stomach wash,
purgatives, bowel wash and correction of
bradyarrhythmias by intravenous atropine
(0.5 mg).
In severe cases, the drug has to be
repeated even at 15 minutes intervals or it
has to be administered as a continuous
drip. When bradycardia is not corrected by
atropine, the patient may require cardiac
Cerbera Odollam
~Making the History~
In 2004, a team led by
Yvan Gaillard of the
Laboratory of
Analytical Toxicology
in La Voulte-surRhône, France
documented more than
500 cases of fatal
Cerbera poisoning
between 1989 and
1999 in the south-west
Indian state
of Kerala alone.
The seeds also have a
long history as a
poison in Madagascar.
The poison was
responsible for the
death of 2% of the
population (3000
people per year,
50,000 per generation)
of the central province
of Madagascar.
Article Source:;id=_PHONE_


Women do better on math tests when they fake their names
Image for article titled Women do better on math tests when they fake their names
There's a pernicious myth that says women aren't as good at math as men. And disturbingly, reminding women of this stereotype just before they write a math test will have a detrimental affect on their performance. So what would happen if a woman could pretend to be someone else while writing the test?
Unsurprisingly, and as the title of this post already suggests, women do indeed perform better on math tests when they assume a name other than their own — and this happens regardless of whether they take a male or female name.
As a recent study by Shen Zhang has shown, using another person's name is a kind of hack to overrule the self-reputational threat — the fear some women have of doing poorly when they're concerned that it'll be taken as proof of a stereotype. But removing this pressure seems to alleviate the fear and the distraction.
For the study, Zhang recruited 110 women and 72 men — all of them undergrads — and had them answer 30 multiple-choice math questions. Prior to the test, and in an effort to instill the stereotype threat, all participants were told that men typically outperform women at math. Some of the volunteers were told to write the test under their real name, but some were told to complete the test under one of four different aliases, either Jacob Tyler, Scott Lyons, Jessica Peterson, or Kaitlyn Woods.
When the results were in, men outperformed the women. Thank you, self-reputational threat.
But women who assumed an alias, whether it be male or female, performed better than the women who did not. And — importantly — they did just as well as the men.
"These findings suggest that women's impaired math performance is often due to the threat of confirming a negative stereotype as being true of the self," conclude the researchers.
The researchers recommend the use of non-name identification procedures in testing, as well as coping strategies that "allow stigmatised individuals to disconnect their self from a threatening situation," which they say will disarm negative stereotypes.
Or, we could finally stop telling women that they suck at math. How's that for a novel idea?
Read the entire study at Self and Identity, "L'eggo My Ego: Reducing the Gender Gap in Math by Unlinking the Self from Performance."
Image: Minerva Studio/Shutterstock.
If the women in the study were really worried (even subconsciously) about their performance reinforcing a stereotype about women and math, why did taking a different feminine name improve their performance just the same as taking a different masculine name?
If this really were about the threat to "all women", I would expect that only taking a different masculine name would improve their performance. It seems like anonymity, not gender-identity, made the difference for the female participants.


text:
Nonlinear feedback control deals with the analysis and design of feedback systems that contain nonlinear elements, that is, functions or devices that do not obey the superposition and homogeneity principles. Nonlinear models are the rule rather than the exception in engineering systems and hence the ability to analyze and control them is an important attribute for a practicing engineer. The Control Laboratory has made, and continues to make important contributions to the development of nonlinear feedback control, including averaging, geometric methods, hybrid systems, observer design, quasi-linear control, and vibrational control, in both the continuous and discrete time domains. |
ECE FacultyGrizzle, Jessy W
Meerkov, Semyon M.


text:
Researchers are concerned about a fish that's turning into a new threat to the ecology of Lake Tahoe.
Biologists with the University of Nevada, Reno say they're finding a growing number of giant goldfish in the lake.
While officials have been working for years in trying to keep the lake's water crystal clear, researcher Sudeep Chandra told KCRA-TV (
) the discovery of the goldfish is particularly worrisome because goldfish eat a lot and excrete "lots of nutrients."
Those nutrients stimulate algae growth.
The goldfish, some of which have grown to 18 inches, could also eat smaller fish, creating new competition for native trout.
Chandra says with no prior studies on goldfish for guidance, researchers are catching the giant goldfish and bringing them back to their lab to study.
It's not clear how the goldfish got into Lake Tahoe, but it's believed to be from people dumping aquariums into the lake.
Information from: KCRA-TV
The Associated Press


text: Can you master the wordtris by using the descending letters to form meaningful words? In this game, your goal is to arrange the descending blocks of letters so that they form words with at least 3 letters in a horizontal or vertical line and then be destroyed. Try to form chains and combos and become an expert of Word Out! You can use the down, left and right arrow keys on your keyboard to move a descend block. Take notice of the next letter which is shown on the left of the play area, and aim for a higher score by spelling longer words or the word shown in the bonus section. If a bomb appears, you can land it on a block to destroy all blocks of the same letter, for example, when you land a bomb on a block which writes "A", all of the blocks of the letter A will be destroyed. When a block of fire lands on a block, it will first spread horizontally until its path is blocked by a wall, a block or an empty space. Then it will destroy all connected blocks in the row below its path. If a block of fire has landed on an empty pile, it will simply destroy itself. The game ends when a column of blocks reaches the top of the play area and no more words can be formed.


Uttar Pradesh GK Question Paper 16
Uttar Pradesh (UP) GK Question Sample Paper 16: Uttar Pradesh (UP) General Knowledge Sample Question Paper with Collection Objective Questions based on UPPSC (Judicial Service) Pre Examination 2014. You can Download Complete Solved Exam Papers on "INDIA GK" Free Mobile App. Uttar Pradesh GK website _URL_ offers UP General Knowledge (GK), UP Current Affairs for various examinations like UPPSC, UPSC, UP Police, Teachers, Patwari and other exam of Uttar Pradesh (UP) Govt. and central Govt.
Uttar Pradesh (UP) GK Question Sample Paper 16:
After K-2 which of the following is second highest mountain peak in India?
A. Kamet
B. Nandadevi
C. Kanchenjunga
D. Shudu Thempa
Answer: C
 Which of the following is not correctly matched?
 (States) Major Hydel-Power Station)
A. Gujarat – Tawa
B. Rajasthan – Jawhar Sagar
C. West – Panchet Hill Bengal
D. Madhya – Khopoli Pradesh
Answer: D
 Who among the following prepared a scientific classification of forests?
 A. H.G. Champion
B. K.V. Sundaram
C. B.L. Sukhwal
D. L.D. Stamp
Answer: A
 The eastern most place of India is located in the State of?
A. Mizoram
B. Meghalaya
C. Arunachal Pradesh
D. Nagaland
Answer: C
 'Kevti' Waterfall is located in which of the following districts?
A. Rewa
B. Rohtas
C. Ranchi
D. Jabalpur
Answer: A
 Largest bauxite producing State in India (2014) is?
A. Jharkhand
B. Rajasthan
C. Odisha
D. Tamil Nadu
Answer: C
 The 'Wage good strategy' of development was formulated by?
A. Amartya Sen
B. C. Vakil
C. P.C. Mahalanobis
D. J. Bhagwati
Answer: B
Check Full UPPSC (Judicial Service) Pre Examination 2014 Solved
Post a Comment


text:
Some interesting new research bears on this question:
On average, women make up about 20 percent of lawmakers in the United States and abroad. We found that when women constituted 20 percent of a decision-making body that operates by majority rule, the average woman took up only about 60 percent of the floor time used by the average man. Women were perceived — by themselves and their peers — as more quiescent and less effective. They were more likely to be rudely interrupted; they were less likely to strongly advocate their policy preferences; and they seldom mentioned the vulnerable. These gender dynamics held even when adjusting for political ideology (beliefs about liberalism and egalitarianism) and income. In contrast, the men in our experiment did not speak up less or appear to lose influence when they were in the minority.


text:
There's something that dampens my joy on Father's Day (also Mother's Day and Valentine's Day). It's the fact that these holidays are not joyous for everyone. These holidays seriously rub salt in the wounds of some people.
Assuming that your father is still living, is it hard for you to pick out a card for him? Do you do this: pick up a card, read the sappy lines about him being "all a person could wish for in a Dad", put that card away because your relationship isn't that close, repeat the process over and over, and leave the store with a heavy heart. If this sounds like you, take heart. You are not alone. In my counseling practice, I talk to many people who wish their parents had done these things:
- Said "I love you"
- Spent more time at home
- Said "I'm proud of you"
And had not done these things:
- Abused them
- Yelled at them
- Abused drugs or alcohol
- Left the family
Other people say that their childhood was pretty good but their parents hurt them today in these ways:
- Criticizing their parenting
- Questioning their spending
- Commenting on their weight
- Showing favoritism for other family members
- Making excuses for not spending quality time with them
- Not calling them or not returning phone calls and emails
If your father has let you down in these or other ways, Father's Day might not feel like a day for celebration at first glance. However, I would encourage you to think about reaching out to your father in a new way. If you two haven't been speaking, be the first one to pick up the phone or arrive for a visit. If there has been tension between the two of you, speak or write down an apology for your part of the issue. To find examples of effective apologies, refer the book I co-wrote with Gary Chapman, When Sorry Isn't Enough. If you are on speaking terms but you wish there could be more warmth between you and your father, you could try these things:
- Give him a warm hug. He might also like to get a kiss on the cheek from his daughter.
- Don't just sign a card, but write out what you appreciate in your father. If the only thing you appreciate is that he gave you life, at least write that down.
- Spend time with your Dad doing what he most enjoys. You get bonus points if this is not an activity you enjoy but you do it with a smile.
- If he lives far away, arrange to Skype with him. If you have kids, let them chime in and show off their recent projects.
- Give him a gift that shows you were thinking of him.
- Do something for him to help lighten his load.
Whatever you do, don't delay. Clear the air today. There are too many people who wish they had just one more day to spend with their fathers. Although no one is perfect, Dads are truly irreplaceable.


text:
Puzzle Directions: Click on a puzzle piece and drag it where you want it. When you connect two pieces correctly, they will join together. This is an extra hard double-sided puzzle. The same map is printed on both sides the pieces. Some of the pieces are turned over to the wrong side. To flip a piece over, hold down the "T" key and click on the puzzle piece. Mix up the pieces again. View finished map in pop-up window.
Description: This map of Florida outlines the county boundaries and railroads connecting the major cities, current in 1895. The upper most inset map illustrates the intersection of Lake, Orange and Volusia counties on an enlarged scale. This inset map also conveys the relative proximity of the large lakes in the region. The lower right inset map illustrates the southern portion of Florida, more specifically the Florida Keys, which are a part of Monroe County. Source: Rand, McNally & Co., The Encyclopedia Britannica Vol. IX (New York, NY: The Werner Company, 1903) 338 Map Credit: Courtesy the private collection of Roy Winkelman.


text:
Hackabot Nano is a Compact Plug and Play Arduino compatible robotic kit. The goal is to provide a platform that enables people build feature-rich robots without having to worry about complex wiring.
The project was successfully funded through KickStarter in April 2015. All orders are fulfilled in June/July 2015. For those who missed the campaign can still purchase it in our store on Amazon, Tindie and Etsy.
- Very compact: about 12cm x 12cm x 5.5cm (4.7in x 4.7in x 2.2 in)
- Controller: Arduino Nano compatible. Program with standard IDE.
- Connectivity: Radio Frequency (2.4GHz), WiFi, Bluetooth, Raspberry Pi
- Robot Chassis: Fabric Shield (the main PCB) is designed to mount up to 4 motors directly
- Sensors: GPS, Gyroscope + Accelerometer, Ultrasonic Distance Sensor.
- Motor driver: capable of driving up to 4 DC or servo motors.
- DC Motors: two versions (A) high speed (B) high torque
- Power: input voltage: 5-12V; dual on-board voltage regulators to deliver 5V and 3.3V.
- Expansion: Audio jack; Screw terminals to connect 4 PWM (pulse width modulation) signals and power source; header pins to analog inputs (like sharp IR sensors)
- I2C headers: to connect other I2C devices (like magnetometer)
- Overview of Hackabot Nano
- Pin assignments
- Hackabot Nano loaded with many sensors
- Where to buy the sensors and etc.?
- How to control DC motors using Arduino
- Arduino Robot that avoids human
- Arduino Bluetooth Example – Tutorial 1