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much to throw the ball.
4. They're a Deceivingly Technical Movement
While wall balls seem like a simple movement, there's a lot involved in doing them properly and efficiently. Things like how far away you stand from the wall to how you hold the ball can affect how well you're able to do them.
How To Fix
There are several cues to keep in mind when doing wall balls so you can make sure you're doing them efficiently:
- Keep the ball centered. Holding the ball off to one side means that side of your body has to do more of the work to throw it up, which can create muscle imbalances.
- Keep the ball close to your body. Holding the ball too far out in front of you can make the weight feel much heavier than it is. This is because it creates a longer resistance arm, or the distance between the weight and the fulcrum (the lever that lies between the weight and the force being applied to it, which in this case would be the elbow).
- Stand an appropriate distance away from the wall. If you stand too far away from the wall, you have to throw the ball forward and up instead of just throwing it straight up. This requires you to do more work since you'll have to throw the ball a greater distance. You may need to experiment to find your ideal distance, but a good starting point is to stand far enough away that you can touch the wall with the ball when you hold it in front of you with your arms outstretched.
- Hold the ball more towards the bottom instead of on the sides. Imagine that you're holding an upside-down kettlebell when doing a goblet squat. You should hold a wall ball in a similar fashion because you can apply more force to it from the bottom than you could if you hold it on the sides.
- Avoid dropping your arms too low when holding the ball. It's easy to want to drop your arms when you catch the ball due to the momentum of gravity pulling it down. But keeping them at around chest height or slightly higher means they have less distance to travel as you throw the ball back up, and you'll be able to use more power to hit your target.
Check out the differences between wall balls and slam balls: Wall Balls vs Slam Balls: Pros, Cons, & Which Are Better?
5. They Can Be Mentally Challenging
As if wall balls weren't physically challenging enough, they can be mentally demanding as well. They require accuracy so you can hit the target with each rep, and you have to pay attention to the ball as it comes back down to make sure it doesn't hit you in the face.
Plus, as I mentioned above, there are a lot of cues to keep in mind when performing them, which can be difficult to remember when you're just starting out.
In addition to all of that, you need to exhibit a certain degree of mental fortitude when trying to bang out large sets of wall balls at a time. It's tough to not keep taking breaks when your heart is beating fast and your shoulders and quads are burning.
How To Fix
There's no one singular thing you can do to make wall balls less mentally challenging. Practicing them more often will help. And if you know you have more than one flaw to fix in your wall ball technique, breaking down your wall ball cues and focusing on fixing one thing at a time will prevent you from getting frustrated.
Outside of your normal workouts, you may also want to practice wall balls with a heavier ball. For example, if you're a female who usually uses a 14lb ball, you can try using an 18lb ball for a couple of workouts. If you know you can perform multiple sets of 15-20 wall balls at a heavier weight, you'll have more confidence when doing them at your usual weight.
Related Article: Small Home Gym Layouts: From 100-500 Square Feet
Doing wall balls often can improve your conditioning, help you develop a more powerful lower body, and improve your hand-eye coordination.
Even though anyone can scale wall balls to meet their current fitness levels, they can still be difficult to perform due to how physically and mentally challenging they are. Little things like standing the right distance away from the wall, holding the wall ball the right way, and practicing them more often or with a heavier ball can all help you become more proficient at them.
About The Author
Amanda is a writer and editor in the fitness and nutrition industries. Growing up in a family that loved sports, she learned the importance of staying active from a young age. She started CrossFit in 2015, which led to her interest in powerlifting and weightlifting. She's passionate about helping women overcome their fear of lifting weights and teaching them how to fuel their bodies properly. When she's not training in her garage gym or working, you can find her drinking coffee, walking her dog, or indulging in one too many pieces of chocolate.


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Teenagers' reading skills are not good enough to understand a GCSE exam paper, a new study has claimed.
It suggests that on average, a student's reading age was around five years below that required for a GCSE exam.
The study, by educational software company Renaissance Learning, looked at the results of reading tests taken by around 24,500 pupils aged 14 to 16.
It then analysed the reading level required to understand a number of randomly selected GCSE exam papers and materials by using a programme which looked at average sentence length, word length, word difficulty level and and the number of words in a book or passage.
The study found the average reading age required for the exam papers was 15 years and seven months - approximately the right age for a teenager sitting their GCSE exams.
But the results of the reading tests showed that a teenager's actual average reading age was around 10 years and seven months - a gap of five years.
Dirk Foch, managing director of Renaissance Learning said the results were "alarming". He said: "By GCSE level, most educators make the basic assumption that students are able to read and comprehend an exam text. It's clear from this research that this is not a safe assumption to make.
"Most students have a reading age significantly below the level that GCSE texts are being aimed at meaning some students are not only failing to access the curriculum, but they are failing to comprehend key course and exam texts."
A Department for Education spokeswoman said: "For far too long, too many children have not been reaching the expected levels of reading at a young age, have not caught up, and have then struggled in secondary school and beyond.
"That is why we are prioritising the teaching of systematic synthetic phonics in primary schools as the internationally proven method to teach reading effectively."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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This is a program that can plot graphs for quadratic functions. The formula of a quadratic equation is f(x)= ax2+bx+c, where a, b and c are constant.
employs a picture box as the plot area and three text boxes to obtain
the values of the coefficients a, b, c of the quadratic equation from
the users. We also need to modify the scale factor in the properties
windows of the picture box. We are using a scale of 0.5 cm to represent 1
Besides, we need to make some transformation as the coordinates in VB start from top left but we want it to start from the middle. We can use the Pset method to draw the graph using a very small increment. Pset is a method that draws a dot on the screen, the syntax is
Where (x,y) is the coordinates of the dot and color is the color of the dot. Using the For Next loop together with Pset, we can draw a line on the screen.


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Fuelling Performance In Fashion Retail Through Legitimate LeadershipJun 2019Share by Email
Fashion retail is a notoriously demanding industry as more and more brands compete for an ever-shrinking consumer purse. Converting 'window shoppers' into customers who fill their baskets rather than buy a single item, and come back again and again, is what it is all about.
Two well-known South African fashion brands embraced the Legitimate Leadership principles and practices to effect a step-change in the calibre of their leaders at three levels in their operations. Their focus on enabling those in the front line in their stores countrywide has impacted positively, not only on turnover but on all of their performance indicators. The intervention showed conclusively that you don't have to trade off between people and results. You can have both.
- INTRODUCING THE FRAMEWORK – FROM 'GETTING THE RESULTS ACHIEVED THROUGH OTHERS' TO 'CARING FOR AND GROWING PEOPLE'
A three-day breakaway is traditionally held every year by the business for its top 50+ people. On this occasion, the agenda was split between business strategy and leadership.
Legitimate Leadership facilitated a highly interactive session which engaged participants in a debate regarding what accounts for individual, team and organisational excellence.
Participants were introduced to this unique perspective on leadership and gained the key insight that leadership is not about what leaders can 'get' out of their people but rather what they can 'give' to their people to enable their above-and-beyond contribution and make them the best that they can be. The operations director for one of the brands led the way in demonstrating the 'mind shift' made by most of those present when, at the end of the session, he deleted his 30-slide presentation on the year's targets and instead showed a single slide. It read: "Everyone has a contribution to make. How can I help you make your contribution?" He received a standing ovation for his commitment to serving down the line. The next 18 months was about translating this into action.
- INITIAL LEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT – TO WHAT DEGREE ARE WE ALIGNED TO THE LEGITIMATE LEADERSHIP CRITERIA?
The initial leadership assessment (via leadership profiles) diagnosed the current state of leadership against the criteria for leadership excellence, thus holding up a mirror to leaders, and acting as a catalyst for change.
It provided a baseline measure, both individually and collectively, of the current degree of alignment against the criteria of Care, Means, Ability and Accountability as well as a reading of what was happening with respect to leadership 'on the ground'.
The overall picture was of an intensely results-driven environment, where people were the resources to achieve the results. More specifically the leadership audit revealed the following reality.
- Managers were not seen to care about the welfare of their people.
- People respected their managers but did not feel respected by them.
- Despite managers being in the field most days in the month, their people did not feel that they spent sufficient time with them.
- Store managers were not empowered to run their stores.
- The obsession with measurement meant that store managers were forced to report three times a day on the numbers.
- There was little coaching, guidance or support.
The 1.5-hour one-on-one feedback sessions on their profiles gave each leader clarity on the shifts in behaviour and leadership practice that they needed to make. The overall results also informed the choice of Application Modules and Review Sessions to be run on a drip-feed basis over the next six-month period.
- APPLICATION MODULES AND APPLICATION REVIEW SESSIONS – EFFECTING CRITICAL CHANGES IN LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND PRACTICE
Application Modules deepen leaders' understanding of the framework and provide the tools and skills to translate the model into practice. Between each workshop leaders are tasked with applying what they have learned in the workplace – they share their experience with their colleagues in a structured review session before engaging with another aspect of the framework. In this process of ongoing insight, practice and feedback they gain both competence and confidence in this way of leading.
The primary insights and behavioural shifts over the six months are outlined below.
LEGITIMATE LEADERSHIP APPLICATION MODULE, PRACTICE AND REVIEW PROCESS
||Primary Insights and Mindset Shifts
||Behavioural Shifts and Changes in Leadership Practice
|1. Earning Trust Through Care, Time And Attention – 'take care of your people and they will take care of your business'.
- People trust people who care about them.
- Care is definitely not a 'soft' and 'fluffy' thing.
- You can't care for someone if you don't know what makes them 'tick'.
- Care and growth are face-to-face activities – they happen in one-on-one and team meetings and when 'watching the game'.
- There should be equal time given to all direct reports but what the leader needs to 'give' will differ according to individuals' needs.
- Seeing and getting to know the human being behind the human resource.
- Spending time with the middle and small stores – not just the big or high-turnover stores.
- Giving people undivided attention by closing the laptop and switching off the phone when in the store.
- Making the focus the people not the KPIs.
- Demonstrating appropriate care (tough love).
- Having one-on-ones where the direct report sets the agenda not his/her manager.
|2. Increasing Impact By Clarifying Contribution – 'there is no such thing as a confused, productive employee'.
- Clarifying contribution is an enabler of contribution.
- People should be held accountable for their contribution – what they have control over.
- Those in leadership positions should be held accountable primarily for the care and growth of direct reports.
- Defining contribution for the next reporting period gives clarity, focus, enables proactivity and promotes business and individual growth.
- Communicating and helping direct reports to understand the business results; teaching the store managers how to analyse their numbers.
- Clarifying and agreeing the unique value add of each level in the hierarchy.
- Collaboratively agreeing quality deliverables for all direct reports.
- Holding leaders accountable, not for the KPIs, not for the state of the store or even for the performance of their staff in stores. Rather, holding them accountable for the calibre of their direct reports (e.g. accountable not for fixing a problem with merchandising but for enabling those in the stores to effectively manage the visuals in the store).
|3. Elevating Performance By Assessing, Enabling And Reviewing Contribution – 'it is fine for a manager to have the same people as a year ago but not the have the same people the same'.
- The measure of success of 'watching the game' is that the leader has a better understanding of what to GIVE the person to enable his/her contribution and growth.
- When the standard has not been met, find out why.
- Good leadership is about increasing the number of exemplary contributors and decreasing the number of poor contributors.
- Leadership and employee action should match the contribution made.
- Stopping store visits to examine only business performance and replacing them with store / area / regional manager visits with the focus on enabling and growing people.
- Asking managers to talk about their direct reports, not to talk about their KPIs.
- Finding out why people are failing and how to help them – rather than slapping them with a written warning for a poor audit.
- Stopping rescuing people and rather enabling them.
- Holding one-on-ones and team meetings where the focus is on progressing the person rather than progressing the work.
- 'Watching the game' more and auditing less.
|4. Cultivating Accountability by Handing Over Controls –' the purpose of empowerment is to grow people'.
- The more managers trust their people the more they are trusted.
- Empowerment means letting them decide and living with their decisions – not your decisions.
- The level of control which is exercised must be commensurate with the level of maturity of the person being empowered.
- Empowerment implies the incremental suspension of control in order to enable.
- Taking our hands off and starting to trust our people.
- Deliberately identifying and pushing decision-making authority down the line.
- Stopping doing our people's jobs for them.
- Following the 5 Steps To Empowerment when handing over accountability.
|5. Delivering A Step Change By Holding People Accountable – 'when the leaves on the tree turn yellow don't paint them green, water the roots'.
- You only engage people's will to contribute when you hold them accountable for their contribution.
- When you do not hold people accountable you have no option but to institute a control.
- People should be censured for carelessness and disciplined for deliberate malevolence.
- Praise 'careful'; reward 'the extra mile'.
- Finding the right balance between positive and negative accountability.
- Seeing what is 'right' not only what is 'wrong'.
- Holding people accountable rather than imposing a control on everyone.
- Removing people who are not capable from their roles.
- REPEAT LEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT – ARE WE MORE ALIGNED TO THE CRITERIA FOR LEGITIMATE POWER?
A second assessment via repeat Leadership Profiles was done at the end of the process to assess what shifts in leadership behaviour and practice had been made. The results were stunning; the highlights of the repeat assessment are shown below.
REPEAT AUDIT HIGHLIGHTS:
- The overall score had shifted by 0.5, which is significant especially given people's raised expectations of their leaders' alignment against the criteria.
- There was a positive shift in all four categories (Care, Means, Ability, Accountability), with the biggest improvement being in Care.
- 115 people


Understanding group attribute values to roles mapping
As part of managing their users, partners typically assign them role-based values (also known as group attribute values), such as Sales Managers, Service Managers, etc. However, we do not have visibility into their user directories and one partner may name the value "Sales Managers" while another partner may name it "SalesTeamManagers". To organize these group attribute values, we have created a group construct in the federated directory service. As the systems administrator in the host tenant, you can create host groups (for example "Mgrs-Sales" group) in which to map the group attribute values (for example the "Sales Managers" and "SalesTeamManagers" values). This host group can then be added to roles in your tenant. The diagram below demonstrates this flow.


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National holiday Constitution Day, 10 May 1979 Constitution 10 May 1979
In 1979, the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. On 3 November, 1986, independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US; economic provisions of the Compact are being renegotiated. Previously, the area had been colonized by the Japanese, the Germans, and the Spanish
Independence 3 November, 1986 from the US-administered UN Trusteeship
Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.


text:
ATTENTION TEACHERS OF 3RD GRADE STUDENTS
We have created a document that will assist with your mathematics instruction for 3rd graders who will be taking the AIMS this school year. As you know all third grade teachers were asked to implement our TUSD 2012 Mathematics Curriculum (that encompasses the AZ Academic Content Standards in Mathematics) beginning with SY 2012 – 2013. However, third grade students across our state continue to be assessed on the 2008 AZ Mathematics Standard in the spring of 2013 and 2014. Information included in this document can assist us in making appropriate instructional decisions to effectively prepare our students for spring assessments as we progress through this transition. Click here for link.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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SYMBOLISM OF THE GRAIN-EAR IN VIACHESLAV IVANOV'S WORKS
Languages of publication
This paper suggests a symbolic and contextual symbol of grain, present in the works of Viacheslav Ivanov. The subject of the authoress analysis and its starting point is constituted by his three poems:- the first one stating with the words 'Yazykov pravdu, khristtiane, / My chtim (...)', from the poetic cycle entitled 'Rimskii dnevnik 1944 goda', the two remaining ones are: 'Sozrel na nive kolos (...)' and 'Tikhaya zhatva' (4th volume of 'Sobranie sochinenii'). On the basis of these works she traced the functioning of this symbol in Ivanov's poetic output, as well as in his theoretical and philosophical reflections. She also revealed the most important aspects of the motif of grain, namely: grain as a symbol of resurrection and life after death (connection with the ancient mystery cults) and grain in the eschatological meaning, understood as toll - the fruit of sowing.
Publication order reference
CEJSH db identifier


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Cherry Fruit Fly and Black Cherry Fruit Fly
Description and life cycle
These flies are slightly smaller than the common house fly and have wings marked with distinctive black bands. The cherry fruit fly female has four white bands crossing the abdomen lacking in the black cherry fruit fly. Maggots are creamy white, legless, tapered at the head end, blunt in the rear, and reach 5∕16 inch at maturity.
Both species have one generation per year. Adults emerge from the soil in June and July. The black cherry fruit fly emerges about a week before the cherry fruit fly. Females lay eggs in cherries over a 3- to 4-week period. Newly hatched maggots burrow into the fruit as they feed on the flesh. There are three larval instars lasting a total of 10 to 21 days. The last instar emerges from the fruit, falls to the ground, and burrows down 3 inches where it pupates.
Maggot-infested fruit is often shrunken and misshapen, ripens earlier than surrounding fruit, and is unmarketable.
Monitoring and management
Adults can be monitored using adhesive-covered yellow panel traps baited with an ammonium-carbonate lure. Traps should be placed in the fruiting canopy of the tree, with fruit and foliage removed from around it for 12 to 18 inches. Traps are used to detect the beginning of fly emergence, but they are not good indicators of the level of infestation.
Management is directed against the adults because once the maggot burrows into the fruit it is protected from insecticides. Insecticide treatments should begin about one week after the first fly emerges. A long-residual insecticide should be applied every 10 to 21 days until after harvest to kill adults before they can lay eggs.


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Understanding vulnerability scoring can be a daunting task
, but a good starting point is first understanding risk and being able to distinguish risk from a vulnerability. Both have been used interchangeably throughout the years.
A vulnerability is some aspect of a systems functioning, configuration or architecture that makes the resource a target of potential misuse, exploitation or denial of service.
Risk, on the other hand, is the potential that the threat will be realized for a particular vulnerability.
There are many methods available for ranking vulnerabilities to determine their level of associated risk. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is the most widely used industry standard for this purpose. There are three versions of CVSS, CVSSv1, CVSSv2 and CVSSv3. CVSSv1 was in 2005, followed by CVSSv2 in 2007 and the current version, CVSSv3, in 2015.
To get a better understanding of CVSS, we need to see how the scoring system has evolved.
Figure 1: CVSSv1 Metric Groups (1)
CVSSv1 was designed to rank information system vulnerabilities and provide the end user with a composite score representing the overall severity and risk the vulnerability presents. CVSS uses a modular system structure with three groups: Base Metric Group, Temporal Metric Group and Environmental Metric Group. These three groups create three separate formulas that combine to create an overall vulnerability score between 0 and 10, with 10 being most severe.
Figure 1.1 CVSSv1 Base Metric Group (1)
The Base Metric Group is where the foundation of the vulnerability scoring will be handled. This includes attack vectors, integrity impact, impact bias, access complexity, confidentiality impact, availability impact and authentication requirements. These core characteristics will not change over time, nor will they change if a different target environment is added.
Figure 1.2 CVSSv1 Temporal Metric Group (1)
The Temporal Metric Group is where the dynamic factors of exploitability, remediation level and report confidence can affect the urgency of a vulnerability over time.
Figure 1.3 CVSSv1 Environmental Metric Group (1)
The Environmental Metric Group determines the type of impact that the discovered vulnerability could have on an organization and its stakeholders. This group evaluates risk as a function of potential collateral damage and target distribution.
As the name implies, the base metric group serves as the foundation for vulnerability scores while the temporal and environmental scores aid in increasing or decreasing this base score. CVSS SIG (Special Interest Group) later indicated that there were serious issues with CVSS. The biggest complaints were partial categories, zero scores and independent variables. This ultimately led to inconsistent or ambiguous risk scores. CVSSv2, introduced later in 2007, took in CVSSv1 flaws into consideration and tried to improve upon them.
Figure 2: CVSSv2 Metric Groups (1)
CVSSv2 had some limitations that CVSSv3 improved upon. For example, in CVSSv2 vulnerabilities were scored relative to the overall impact to the host platform, while in CVSSv3, vulnerabilities are scored based on the specific component-level impact. Another common complaint about CVSS is that it fails to consider how long the flaw has been known to attackers. This time component influences how likely it is that an attack has exploit capability for a given vulnerability.
Tripwire's scoring system uses an operational system of scoring for time using the age of the vulnerability.
Additionally, scoring for CVSSv2 and v3 has a lack of detail due to being limited to two or sometimes three variables with a "none", "low" or "high" scoring of the vulnerability. This ultimately means that there is a very finite number of possible scores such that there are only a few unique scores typically seen. This leaves many questions unanswered regarding risk prioritization since there will almost always be many vulnerabilities with identical scores.
Tripwire's heuristic approach for calculating the risk posed by a vulnerability uses the number of days since the public announcement of the vulnerability (t), class risk (r) and the measurement of the skill set required to carry out the attack successfully (s). Class risk
(r) is scored from zero to six, where zero is an "exposure" and six represents a vulnerability allowing "remote privileged access."
The class risk is amplified through factorial within the score calculation. Finally, skill set
(s) is scored one to six, with one representing an "automatic exploit" and six representing "no known exploits." The skill set value is squared to provide more granularity in the produced score.
The Tripwire vulnerability scores to show a more accurate representation of a vulnerability's risk compared to CVSS.
Figure 3: Tripwire Method (2)
To show the difference between CVSSv2, CVSSv3 and Tripwire scoring, 10 vulnerabilities were chosen across 2017. The mean scoring for CVSSv2 was 8.6. CVSSv3 was also 8.6, and Tripwire's score had a mean of 13858.
Figure 4 Tripwire Scoring Data (3)
The data from the above graph shows the 10 vulnerabilities and a mix of scores from both CVSS and Tripwire. CVE-2017-0920 is a good example showing how CVSS scores can sometimes greatly exaggerate the risk of one vulnerability relative to another.
Figure 5 (A) CVE-2017-0290 (3)
Figure 5 (B) CVE-2017-10271 (3)
The figures "A" and "B" are CVEs taken from the chart, They're meant to show a meaningful comparison.
Figure A is a Microsoft Malware Protection Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability that has been given a score 3943 by Tripwire and a CVSSv2 Score of 9.3 and CVSSv3 Score of 7.8. By the metrics, CVSS has scored this vulnerability to be "high." Tripwire's scores it 3943, which is on the low metric.
Figure B is an Oracle Web Logic Server Vulnerability with a CVSSv2 of 5 and CVSSv3 of 7.5. This stands between "medium" and "high." Tripwire gives the vulnerability a score of 13099 because CVE-2017-10271 is documented to have an automated exploit available for it that can be executed remotely.
The difference between the two CVEs in terms of Tripwire scoring is that the Microsoft vulnerability, while it does have an exploit available, has some conditions that the user has to follow in order to get the exploit to fire such as getting the user to open an email and click on a link. By comparison, the Oracle WebLogic vulnerability has an automated exploit that requires no user interaction and therefore is scored higher.
Tripwire vulnerability scoring provides a valid and accurate base metric for measuring IT risk in enterprise networks. This is important, as it enables organizations to effectively prioritize how to reduce network security risk by focusing IT resources on the highest priority risks. (2)
- CVSS v2 Complete Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 23, 2018, from _URL_
- Tripwire White Paper "Tripwire Vulnerability Scoring System". Retrieved December 26, 2018
- "IP360 Scoring Vs CVSS Scoring". Retrieved December 26, 2018.
I would like to thank Tyler Reguly
for input on CVSS scoring metrics and Craig Young
for a deeper understanding of Tripwire scoring variables.


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May 24, 2013
Palpebral Slant - Eye
The palpebral slant is the direction of the slant of a line drawn from the outer corner of the eye to the inner corner.
Back to TopAlternative Names
Back to TopConsiderations
The palpebra are the upper and lower eyelids, which make up the shape of the eye. A line drawn from the inner corner to the outer corner determines the slant of the eye, or palpebral slant. Slanting and a fold of skin (epicanthal fold) are normal in people of Asian descent.
Abnormal slanting of the eye may occur with some genetic disorders and syndromes. The most common of these syndromes is Down syndrome. Persons with Down syndrome often also have an epicanthal fold in the inner corner of the eye.
Back to TopWhen to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact your health care provider if:
- Your infant has abnormal features of the face
- You are worried about your infant's ability to move his or her eyes
- You notice any abnormal color, swelling, or discharge from the eyes
Back to TopWhat to Expect at Your Office Visit
Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about the child's medical history and symptoms.
An infant with an abnormal palpebral slant will usually have other symptoms of another health condition. That condition will be diangosed based on a family history, medical history, and a physical exam.
Tests to confirm a disorder may include:
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A modern dictionary of Catholic terms, both common and obscure. Find accurate definitions of words and phrases.
HOLY FAMILY, DEVOTION TO THE
Although the family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph is very prominent in the Gospels, popular devotion to them on a large scale began only in the seventeenth century. General confraternities, on an international scale, were created to promote this devotion. Among modern popes Pius IX in 1847 and Leo XIII in 1892 encouraged these organizations and gave them official approval. A number of religious institutes also came into existence, specially dedicated to the apostolate of helping Christian families survive and prosper through devotion to Jesus, Mary, and Joseph. In the new revised liturgy the Sunday within the octave of Christmas is the Feast of the Holy Family, with its own special Mass and Divine Office.
All items in this dictionary are from Fr. John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, © Eternal Life. Used with permission.


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'Cleveland' and 'Bradford' Flowering Pear – Not Recommended
Q: Four of our fourteen Cleveland pear trees have been attacked by the Asian ambrosia beetle (toothpicks of sawdust). The trees are ornamental and do not bear fruit. Should we pull them up to keep from spreading? Can we replant trees this late in the spring?
A: Ha! I've never seen the ambrosia beetle in flowering pear trees but it's obvious your trees had them.
As far as replacing the trees, let me urge you to use something other than flowering pear.
'Cleveland Select' and 'Bradford' pear are both sterile when growing in isolation. But when two or more varieties of flowering pear are near each other, they definitely can pollinate each other's flowers. Each tree will produce lots of little brown fruit with seeds inside. The seeds are scattered by chipmunks, birds, and other creatures. The resulting plant is a vigorous bush with three-inch long thorns that spreads like wildfire through natural areas. It is extremely difficult to control except with machinery. Because of this environmental danger, I never recommend planting flowering pears. 'Natchez' crapemyrtle, redbud, or saucer magnolia would be good substitutes.
It is true that 'Cleveland' pear it's not "supposed" to have fruit, but if it is pollinated by another variety, like 'Bradford' pear, it will have fruit.
If the seeds sprout, they will grow up to resemble the original parent of both varieties of pear: the thorny Chinese callery pear.
As I drive down Highway 19-41 near Jonesboro, I can see numerous patches of callery pear. They came from the 'Bradford' pears planted along the highway for the Olympics in 1996.


text:
Summary: Hash Tables Page 1
· All elements have a unique key.
o Insert element with a specified key.
o Search for element by key.
o Delete element by key.
· Random vs. sequential access.
· If we have duplicate keys, need rule to resolve ambiguity.
· What ways could you use to implement a dictionary? (Name in class)
o Ordered array
o Unordered array
o Ordered linked list
o Binary search tree
· Let's use our newly acquired analysis skills to determine which of the following is better.
Let's analyze them for two operations insert and search. This is shown in Table 1.
Method Insert time Search Time
Ordered array 2/n nlog


text:
A ten-year study shows that Asian black bears' diets vary greatly depending on sex, stage of life, and resource availability, providing important information on foraging strategy according to age-sex classes. Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) in Japan published their findings on April 15 in Mammal Study.
- Over 80% of Atlantic Rainforest remnants have been impacted by human activity
- 'Miracle poison' for novel therapeutics
- Paleontologists discover new insect group after solving 150-year-old mystery
- Tool that more efficiently analyzes ocean color data will become part of NASA program
- Bearded seals are loud – but not loud enough


Memory Alpha
HMS Defiant
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HMS Defiant
HMS Defiant
The HMS Defiant was a British warship from the 18th century.
The USS Defiant (NCC-1764) was named after this ship, and had a painting of it in its briefing room. (ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly, Part II")
Both the USS Defiant (NX-74205) and its successor, the USS Defiant, were namesakes in the 24th century. (DS9: "Defiant")
Background information Edit
While there has been a long line of British naval vessels to bear the name Defiance, including a torpedo school ship and three United States naval vessels, there never was an HMS Defiant serving in the Royal Navy in real life. A fictional Defiant was seen in the 1962 movie Damn The Defiant! (based on the Frank Tilsey novel Mutiny), which may have been the namesake for the Constitution-class starship.
The painting depicted a ship-of-the-line warship. Dependent on the number of guns, a ship-of-the-line was ranked from first-rate (greatest number of guns) to fourth-rate (lowest number of guns). Based on the number of gun decks visible, three in total, in the painting, the Defiant was either a first-rate or a second-rate ship. The difference between a first-rate and a second-rate could be as few as two guns (though firing lighter shot) and, without knowing more about the Defiant, it's not possible to conclusively decide the ship's rating. The six real ships named HMS Defiance that served during the 18th century were all third-rate or smaller.
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NO PEARL is cheap, but these ones are priceless.
Still in their shell, they are among the first spherical pearls ever cultured.
They were produced 250 years ago by the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linne, also known as Linnaeus, who was the first to discover a way to make a perfectly round pearl.
He inserted a T-shaped piece of silver wire into a freshwater mussel, allowing a tiny irritant granule to be held away from the shell so the nacre could build up around it.
So precious are the twin pearls, with the silver wires still in place, they had to be escorted to Sydney in a special suitcase by Kathie Way, a representative of the Linnean Society of London.
"They are literally irreplaceable," she said yesterday.
Ms Way, a collection manager at the Natural History Museum in London, also brought some fossilised pearls that are millions of years old for inclusion in an exhibition at the Australian Museum opening in April.
More than half a million pearls in 800 pieces of artwork, jewellery and historical artefacts will be on display.
Not all of Linnaeus's creations were a success, and some of his duds are included in the dozen or so of his pearls Ms Way delivered.
He let the mussels grow for about six years before opening them, she said. "You can imagine him wondering what was there, and it turned out to be a horrid little brown blob."
Linnaeus received his Swedish title of nobility, von, because of his invention's economic potential. He sold his patent to a local merchant for the equivalent of about $3000 in 1762, but the man made no attempt to establish a Swedish pearl industry. "It was a terrible shame," said Ms Way.
Linnaeus's pearl-culturing method was only rediscovered in the early 1900s by a researcher examining his manuscripts in London.
Pearl culturing was perfected by the Japanese a century ago. Highly skilled technicians insert a bead and a graft of nacre-producing tissue from a pearl oyster into a pocket they cut into a clam's reproductive organ.


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The Impact of Food Away From Home on Adult Diet Quality
by Jessica Todd
, Lisa Mancino
, and Biing-Hwan Lin
Economic Research Report No. (ERR-90) 24 pp, February 2010
Food away from home (FAFH) has been associated with poor diet quality in many studies. It is difficult, however, to measure the effect of FAFH on diet quality since many unobserved factors, such as food preferences and time constraints, influence not just our choice of where to eat but also the nutritional quality of what we eat. Using data from 1994-96 and 2003-04, this study applies fixed-effects estimation to control for such unobservable influences and finds that, for the average adult, FAFH increases daily caloric intake and reduces diet quality. The effects vary depending on which meals are consumed away from home. On average, breakfast away from home decreases the number of servings of whole grains and dairy consumed per 1,000 calories and increases the percent of calories from saturated and solid fat, alcohol, and added sugar (SoFAAS) in a day. Dinner away from home reduces the number of servings of vegetables consumed per 1,000 calories for the average adult. Breakfast and lunch away from home increase calories from saturated fat and SoFAAS on average more among dieters than among nondieters. Some of the overall negative dietary effects decreased between 1994-96 and 2003-04, including those on whole grain, sodium, and vegetable consumption.
Keywords: Food away from home (FAFH), diet quality, 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005), fixed-effects, first-difference, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
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ASA06: Cosmopolitanism and Anthropology
Cosmopolitan Cities: from cultural turn to spatial turn – John Eade
Room: 1 -CBA 0.005x32
In this panel I would like us to consider whether social anthropology has a distinctive place within the burgeoning literature on cities as sites where diverse peoples and places intersect, maintain fiercely defended boundaries or simply look past each other. It could be argued that those leading the debates about cities as cosmopolitan sites are mainly drawn from outside anthropology. Books by A. Amin and N. Thrift, Cities: Reimagining the Urban, Michael Keith's After the Cosmopolitan?, P. Marcuse and R. van Kampen, Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order? and M. P. Smith's Transnational Urbanism, to name just a few, suggest that the initiative is now held by those operating within social geography, sociology and urban planning rather than anthropology. While anthropologists have made a significant contribution to the study of minority ethnic groups in the UK, for example, they have not engaged very much with the debates about the relationship between the social and the spatial. 'Urban anthropology' has almost faded away as a distinct area within social anthropology and the pioneering work of anthropologists in Africa during the 1960s and 1970 on urban migration and new social formations is almost a footnote in the history of the discipline.
Papers are invited which engage with this – perhaps false – interpretation of how the 'cultural turn' in anthropology has blocked a contribution to the 'spatial turn' in the study of urban life. Contributors may wish to discuss how this theoretical process relates to the empirical study of urban cosmopolitanism through such themes as globalisation and global/local processes, global cities, deindustrialised cities, the rapidly expanding cities across the globe especially in Latin American Africa and Asia, fast and slow lifestyles, urban hotspots and cooler localities, dread and joy, tourism and gentrification, authenticity and the exotic, old and new ethnicities.
Attempts to link empirical work to the theoretical overview proposed above – if only to reject it – will be welcomed so that we can move towards fresh understandings of what cosmopolitanism might constitute in diverse kinds of cities across the world.
Salsa Belfast: elite transformations, cosmopolitanism and personal use of 'between space' in dance and city-life
Jonathan Skinner, The Queen's University Belfast
This presentation looks at the salsa dance scene in Belfast, a fractured cosmopolitan centre. Specifically, it looks at the teaching and learning of salsa, a dance import to Northern Ireland. It suggests that Belfast has become a place of dance translation and fusion, a 'between' place where dancers are particularly able to adopt and adapt the dance to suit their needs. These dancers are active cosmopolitans with performance purposes, elitist skills and a desire to further their 'decontextualised knowledge' (Hannerz). To do so, they have to carefully negotiate a between space on the dance floor and in the audiences' minds. This fancy footwork is not dissimilar to the negotiations of city-life.
This presentation is based upon 2 years of participant observation as a dance learner and dance teacher and will develop notions of creativity, hybridity and style on the margins through examples from a range of dance groups in cosmopolitan Belfast. This paper looks at how individuals negotiate a skills-space, how – and why - they transform themselves and how they move (both physically and ideationally) through the 'active' space of the dance floor. These movements will be linked to the movements and mobilities of cosmopolitan life. They come together, particularly, when some salsa dancers brave riots, parades, protests and discrimination to dance. Their salsa, this paper concludes, through the use of examples, is a Salsa Belfast.
The proliferation of social technologies and its challenge to anthropological theories of urban sociation
John Postill, Staffordshire University
This paper opens with a review of Vered Amit's robust critique of recent anthropological studies of minority ethnic groups (e.g. by Appadurai). These studies, says Amit, smuggle back into the discipline static notions of community and identity already abandoned by an earlier generation of anthropologists working in urban Africa. Amit calls for the enlargement of our sociation lexicon to capture at least some of the fluidity and diversity of social formations we encounter in contemporary urban spaces. Our current conceptual universe, she suggests, relies too heavily on concepts such as diaspora' or 'imagined community' that are hollowed of social relational content. This paper takes up the challenge after adding a dimension largely absent from Amit's programme: the massive proliferation of new forms of mediated sociation in recent years, from websites, blogs and e-communities to online dating, viral networking and smart mobbing. The argument draws on the author's recent fieldwork on community activism in an affluent 'cyberdistrict' in the Kuala Lumpur region. Unlike Amit, the author does not seek a concept that will somehow integrate this huge variety of social formations, and concludes that no such 'sociological fix' is in sight.
The emergence of a cosmopolitan Tel Aviv: the new dynamics of migrations in Israel
William Berthomiere, Univ of Poitiers, France
During the 90's, Israel and the Palestinians were unable to reach a Peace agreement and this unsuccessful period led to the production of a new Israeli ethnoscape. With a more and more frequent closures of the borders of Israel (in its pre-1967 limits) to the Palestinians workers, the Israeli government had to authorize the entrance of Foreign workers from Eastern Europe (Romania, Poland) but also from Asia (Thailand, the Philippines). With the fear of their "settlement", these new " faces" of Israel gradually caused a debate in which were underlined the social cleavages of Israel.
This debate took all the more importance that to the first non Jewish immigrants were added those from West Africa and South America (pushed to Israel by the globalization). These regular and irregular immigrations visible in the landscape of IsraelÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s largest city, Tel Aviv, raised the question of the Jewish identity of the State and in the same time have drawn the limits of an Israeli cosmopolitanism.
With the example of Israel, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the forms of emergence of "new cosmopolitanisms" and to propose some critics on a concept Elaborated to describe the tension existing between national discourse and globalisation.
Title to follow
Paula Davis, Department of Africana Studies, University of Pittsburgh
Urban markets in Africa have always been cosmopolitan places, sites in which commodities, traders and customers are likely to be "other." Success in trading requires knowing one's customers—on an aesthetic level, knowing various tastes in food, clothing, cosmetics and other household objects, and on a moral level, knowing the individual, his/her family and community. Traders in Owino Market embody the "rooted" cosmopolitanism that Appiah describes, which I will demonstrate by analyzing everyday spatial practices of traders that I observed during ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 1993-94. My analysis is organized around observations and phenomenological considerations of the use of space by traders in Owino Market, and will focus more on lived space or Lefebvre's (1991) third dimension, representational space. Although some traders in Owino Market might be considered elites since structural adjustment policies have forced even university professors to engage family members in trade to survive on their "killing wages," the majority of traders are nonelite and living below Uganda's poverty line (Jamal 1998). This "rooted" cosmopolitanism stands in tension with a preference for Kiganda (cultural practices of the Baganda ethnic group); the market had been named for an Acholi night watchman, but most leadership positions in market management have always been held by Baganda. Through examining the traders' use of space I will show that spatial codes of domesticity and neighborliness transcend ethnic differences, and they minimize interpersonal conflicts. Traders produce market "stalls" that have the "homeliness" of village life, and they comport themselves in the manner of village morality—presence of family members, offering a seat to a customer who has walked too much in the sun, formal greetings performed for regular customers and openly napping during slow times. Relationships between traders at "neighboring" stalls in the market are more long-standing than those of residential places that I observed during home visits to the traders in my study. These relationships of "neighbors" among the traders at their places of work provided the only real services visible in the market, including security, hygiene, water provision and responding to personal crises. My paper will address the panel theme directly by suggesting, as Lefebvre (1991) argues, that the 'cultural turn' in anthropology has emphasized "reading" and text to the exclusion of other more sensual ways of knowing the world. By incarcerating myself in the space of Owino Market for an extensive period I am able to more fully understand and articulate lived space, and that is the contribution anthropology has to this emerging literature on cities.
Emerging Female Subjectivities: Change in Women's Lives in Urban Turkey
Over the past two decades, many young women in urban Turkey have begun to question traditional gender roles by openly dating, engaging in pre-marital sex, postponing marriage, having children significantly later in life, and pursuing careers. This paper will argue that increasing number of women benefited from liberalization policies, economic growth, and rapid urbanization that took place in Turkey in 1980s by transforming them into financial and emotional independence, sexual freedom, and personal choices. The emergence


Thank you for considering creating a translation for Andama Remote Deskop. Bellow is a guide that describes in detail how this can be done.
 1. Create a new thread at the forum about the new translation you would like to create. I will then create the language file that you will use for the translation
 2. Download and install Qt from this link: Choose the open source edition. Qt includes the software that we will use to create the translation. Also you can compile and run Andama if you would like to test the translation on your own.
 3. Clone the Andama github repository. If you have Windows/Mac you can download GitHub Desktop from this link: On Linux you can clone the Andama repository using the terminal. Type git clone -b develop to clone the repository.
 andama github clone
 4. To translate Andama you should use the Qt Linguist. On your Mac it is located inside the folder you installed Qt, at the path /Qt/5.7/clang_64/bin/ Similary you can locate the Linguist application on your Windows or Linux machine.
 5. The language file is located where you cloned the Andama repository. For example the Greek language file is located at /Andama-Remote-Desktop/src/Andama/Andama_el.ts
 6. Open Qt Linguist, go to File > Open and select the language file for the translation you would like to create. For example the file name for the Protuguese translation is Andama_pt.ts. In general, the title of the language files are in the format: Andama_.ts, where the is a two or four letter language code based on this table: (Table of Language Culture Names, Codes, and ISO Values Method [C++])
 7. Once you open the language file in Qt Linguist you can start the translation. A video that describes the translation process is available here: You should only tranlsate the language file from English to the target language. Everything else presented in the video is not required for you.
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What's normal anyway?
Part 1: Height through the ages
We weren't always the strapping human-sized beings we are now. The history of human height has had its ups and downs, following our fortunes through high times and
Our little, distant ancestors
Homo floresiensis – aptly nicknamed 'the hobbit' – lived in Asia between 17,000 and 95,000 years ago. Skeletal evidence suggests their average height was a titchy 106cm (that's 3' 6" to you).
Our closer ancestors were more like our size. The misunderstood Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and Asia between 28,000 and 200,000 years ago, are thought to have been an average height of 167cm for males and 155cm for females – that's pretty much the same as Roman times and not so far off where we are now. And they were chunky to boot – scientists believe their stocky bodies helped them stay warm, allowing them to see out the frosty Ice Ages.
Height's surprising fluctuations
It's by no means been slow but steady growth over the ages. In England, height increased during Roman occupation (200–410 AD), rising to 170cm for men. But after
the Romans left, people gradually shrank – researchers think this was due to populations leaving Roman cities and towns with their more hygienic water and sewerage systems (benefits the People's Front of Judea were well aware of). Plus, from 600 onwards, plagues and widespread disease were common and diets inadequate – they don't call it the Dark Ages for nothing!
Average heights reached 172cm in the 1100s, which is around the same as they were at the start of the 20 th century. In fact, people living in the early Middle Ages were taller than those living in the early 19th century. It's thought that famine and disease outbreaks like the Black Death in the 1300s caused height to decline; evidence from Europe suggests that average height decreased from 172cm in the Middles Ages to a low of 165cm in the 1600s, starting to increase again in the early 1800s.
Meanwhile, European immigrants who'd settled in North America were far taller than their European ancestors – amongst the tallest in the world by the mid-1800s.
The world's class photo
These days, the Americans aren't standing quite so tall. From the world's third tallest in the early 1900s, they now rank 37 th, with an average of 177cm (the 2016 study notes that while their height has fallen, their body mass index has increased 'a great deal').
So who's standing tall in the back and who's in the front row of the world's class photo? The world's tallest men today are the Dutch, with an average of 182.5cm (just a shade under 6 foot), and tallest women are Latvian, who average 170cm. At the other end of the scale, the men of Timor-Leste are the world's most height-challenged at 160cm, and the littlest women are Guatemalan, at 149cm. According to the same study, Australian men are the world's 18 th tallest, and Australian women 15 th tallest.
So what makes us tall?
In developed countries, height is thought to be 80-90% heritable – that is, most of the variation in height is down to how tall your mum and dad are. Good nutrition and avoiding illness and infection during childhood and adolescence are the most important elements in adult height – it's no accident that most of the world's tallest populations are wealthy, European ones. A suggested explanation for the drop in average heights in the US is that growing economic inequality has resulted in poorer nutrition for part of the population – a reminder that as history shows us, height doesn't only go in one direction.
And who cares anyway?
While we've thankfully moved on from the days when you had to be a certain height to be a air steward or police officer, there's still a semi-regular flurry of articles telling us that taller people are more successful in life, earn more money and are more likely to be CEO (or the President of the USA – this must explain Donald Trump, 188cm).
Although 'heightism' has pretty much been eradicated from the professional world in the West (officially anyway – there are short support groups that would challenge that), some short(er) Chinese employees are overtly discriminated against – such as the security guard who was paid less than his taller colleague because ' bigger guards make people feel safer'.
Seems like we still have some growing up to do.


Hi. Can someone give me a clue on this extra credit problem (I really need it since I bolloxed up the first quiz) in my graduate linear algebra course.
Given: V is a vector space such that whenever v_i is an element of S (for all i=1..n) and such that the linear combination of those vectors (summation a_i * v_i) is the zero vector only if all a_i = 0 (in other words, S is linearly independent).
Prove: Every vector in span(S) can be uniquely written as a linear combination of S.


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From South Carolina, USA:
My 7-year-old has just been diagnosed with type 1. She is in the honeymoon phase and her blood glucose levels are staying between 80-150, but when I give her the insulin her blood glucose drops to 38-68. What should I do when she is not high enough to actually need her shots? Is her pancreas working again or what?
During the honeymoon period, the amount of insulin required can be very small. During this time, the pancreas does still produce a very small amount of insulin. The end of the honeymoon is actually the time that the pancreas finally stops producing insulin. In addition, a child can be very sensitive to insulin during this time. If you are struggling with low blood sugars, I would review the dosing of the insulin with your diabetes team and adjustments can be made to help prevent low blood sugars.
Additional comments from Jeff Hitchcock, The Editor:You can dilute the insulin to deliver smaller doses, which might help reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Ask your diabetes team about it.
Last Updated: Tuesday April 06, 2010 15:09:08
This Internet site provides information of a general nature and is designed for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your own health or the health of your child, you should always consult with a physician or other health care professional.
This site is published by Children With Diabetes, Inc, which is responsible for its contents.
© Children with Diabetes, Inc. _PHONE_. Comments and Feedback.


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A mighty wall surrounds the medina, the old part of the Tunisian city of Sousse, whose fortifications date back to the 9th century. They were built by the Aghlabid Dynasty, who were strongly influenced by Islam.
There is a remarkable gate at the northern edge of the medina. It is the entrance to the ribat, an impressive fortress that was built by the Aghlabids in the 10th century. This military building was very similar to a monastery in which Islamic interests dominated the actions of the Rabat's 'Warrior Monks'.
The history of Sousse has been influenced by many different countries and cultures. Carthagian, Roman and even Byzantine influences can be found in the city. Its convenient location, coastline and fertile countryside created a prosperous trading and commercial centre, making Sousse the main metropolis of the Sahel.
Stretching out onto the highest point of the medina is the impressive fortress, the kasbah, that was built on the foundations of a Byzantine castle and today, contains an important museum.
Thanks to its special location, Sousse has always fascinated visitors with its rich variety of atmospheric, historical impressions. Thankfully, and despite its warlike past, the medina of Sousse has been able to preserve most of its original character.
Global Treasures - History's Most Protected Monuments - Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live today, and what we pass on to future generations. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration. Places as unique and diverse as the wilds of East Africa's Serengeti, the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Baroque cathedrals of Latin America make up our world's heritage. Join us as we explore one of these protected monuments.


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Beer is wonderful and good for you — I've always known this, and I've said it regularly and loudly to anyone who will listen. Also, to people who would rather not listen. Now, science offers the latest proof that beer is medicine. Or rather that the structure of some of the molecules that make up beer and give hops it's bitter bite, could be, in moderation and after years of careful research, used to offer treatments for diabetes. If the research pans out, it could mean a brand new breeds of drugs. If it doesn't, that's a shame, but we could still finally develop the world's first truly perfect IPA. While that outcome is certainly less good than new lifesaving drugs, I would humbly submit that that doesn't make it "not good."
New research from the University of Washington suggests that the team's work may have uncovered one of the factors behind occasional studies that suggest beer can have a healthy impact on people suffering from diabetes and other conditions like obesity. The team used a technique known as X-ray crystallography to study the structure of molecules known as humulones, which are produced by hops during the brewing process, and give beer some of its bitter kick. In the course of the study, they took note of the chirality, or "handedness," of the different varieties of humulone molecules.
Molecules with different handed structures have the same properties, but pair with other chemicals in different ways, and better understanding the handedness of these different molecules could offer researchers clues on how to pair them with other chemicals to make drugs for diabetes and even cancer medications. The paper, which appears this month in the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, is quick to point out that though "excessive beer consumption cannot be recommended to propagate good health, isolated humulones and their derivatives can be prescribed with documented health benefits." Way to bring a party down, guys.
- Here are the 14 geekiest beers we could find
- Game of Thrones beer? Yes, please!
- Keep drink of your tracking with this handy app. Wait, is that right?


To build a device/space expressing the idea behind "Your Heart is an Empty Room", I listed the following questions:
 1. What is the more significant interaction for the audience to trigger the device/space? (more reasonable than just touching the object)
 2. Compared with jelly, is there any better choice of medium to be my interface?
 3. What else consequence after interaction besides the projection to convey the emotion? (sound?)
For the more reasonable scenario, I selected to change my prototype to be a photo sticker booth(プリクラ, purikura). The interior space of the booth would be a narrow personal area allowing people to decorate their photo stickers with any kawaii graffiti and effect. Kawaii culture lovers were must familiar with photo sticker, which means putting the dreamy decorations on the pale reality.
2nd Prototype: photo sticker booth 3
The photo sticker booth I aimed to build will work in an inverse way. Once the shutter button is pressed, all the decorations from the projection will disappear, what the audience get is a snapshot in front of the blank background. It could be a prototype that displaying my idea in an ironic way and providing the context of kawaii culture. Even though staying in a happy place away from the harshness of the world, your heart is still an empty room.
2nd Prototype: photo sticker booth 4
I downloaded the selfie javascript program to evaluate the practicality, but before the technical part, the feedbacks I got reflecting some important problems on conception:
 1. The audiences might think the empty photo sticker if merely a result from the broken machine.
 2. The connection between the input(the selection of audiences) and the output is not strong enough.
 3. How to make the audiences experience the feeling of escape and empty?
For the next stage, these will be the future direction to consider.


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The North Carolina
Cities and Towns in Wilkes County
The act establishing the county stipulated that the first court was to be held at the home of John Brown. Commissioners were named to select a place centrally located for the construction of a courthouse, prison, and stocks. The second court was held June 1, 1778, in the "bent of the Yadkin." The next day, it was held at Mulberry Field Meeting House. One June 3, the commissioners who were to select a site for the county seat reported, "We, the commissioners appointed by act of Assembly to lay out and appoint pillory and stocks of the said county, have met and materially considered the same, do adjudge and appoint the place where the Mulbury Meeting House stands as the most central, suitable, and proper place whereon to locate public buildings." In September, 1778, court was held at the courthouse in Wilkes. In 1795, an act was passed naming new commissioners to select a site for the erection of a courthouse, pillory, and stocks. It also named commissioners to purchase fifty acres of land on which to lay out a town and to erect public buildings. By 1801, Wilkesborough had been laid out at the courthouse. In 1823, an act was passed authorizing a new courthouse to be erected on the public square in Wilkesboro, which has served as the county seat ever since.
Another famous inmate was that of North Carolina's famous escape artist, "Otto Wood." The building was restored to its original state using as much of the original materials as possible. Access to the cells are through the original iron and wood doors. The Old Wilkes County Jail is one of the best-preserved examples of nineteenth century penal architecture in North Carolina. Of particular note is the survival of its primitive security, including the front door which contains nails an inch apart so that if a prisoner got hold of an object that he could not saw his way out of the building.
The act establishing Wilkes County stated that the first court would be held at the home of John Brown located at the bend of the Yadkin River on March 2, 1778. Commissioners were named to select a place centrally located for the erection of a courthouse, prison and stocks. On June 2, 1778, Mulberry Field Meeting House was chosen to serve as the courthouse.
During the Revolutionary War, the Mulberry Fields area was a common mustering site for the Wilkes County Militia. The Mulberry Meeting House was a common meeting place to discuss local government issues of the day.
In 1795, an act was passed naming new commissioners to purchase fifty acres of land on which to lay out a town and erect public buildings. Mulberry Fields became Wilkesboro in 1800 when the town was laid out by William Lenoir. Lenoir refused to allow the town to be named after himself. Later, following his death, the next town up the road was named for Lenoir.
Wilkes County has a rich and varied history involving the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.
As of the census of 2000, there were 65,632 people, 26,650 households, and 19,321 families residing in the county. The population density was 87 people per square mile (33/km²). There were 29,261 housing units at an average density of 39 per square mile (15/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 92.95% White, 4.16% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.71% from other races, and 0.66% from two or more races. 3.45% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 26,650 households out of which 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.10% were married couples living together, 9.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were non-families. 24.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the county the population was spread out with 22.60% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 25.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 97.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,258, and the median income for a family was $40,607. Males had a median income of $27,346 versus $21,089 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,516. About 8.80% of families and 11.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.20% of those under age 18 and 17.20% of those age 65 or over.- Source: Wikipedia


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Definition of Stichoi
1. stichos [n] - See also: stichos
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Stichoi Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Stichoi
Literary usage of Stichoi
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. A Commentary on the Psalms from Primitive and Mediæval Writers: And from the by John Mason Neale, Richard Frederick Littledale, Miles Coverdale (1879)
"I cannot help giving, as the best commentary on this part of the Psalm,- the stichoi of Great Thursday with their..."
2. History of the Sacred Scriptures of the New Testament by Eduard Reuss (1884)
"The stichoi were numbered and summed up at the end of each book, as was done in the Hebrew Bible also. Yet it is still a question whether these..."
3. The Coptic version of the New Testament in the northern dialect, otherwise by George William Horner (1905)
"T the number of its stichoi hundred five and twenty, and its chapters six.... I. Ep. ends with'Was finished the second epistle of Peter, its stichoi..."
4. A History of the Holy Eastern Church by John Mason Neale (1850)
"It frequently happens that proper stichoi are given in the... The number of stichoi varies; when any are given in the..."
5. The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the by Charles George Herbermann (1913)
"... and stichoi, the Nunc dimittis, the trisagion, and the apolytikion. Greater Vespers, which are said after sunset, begin with the invitatory,..."
6. The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge: Embracing by Johann Jakob Herzog, Philip Schaff, Albert Hauck (1910)
"The and 1600 stichoi, the last testified by Septuagint a number of manuscripts, for which Text the number of the corresponding imShorter proved text is..."
7. An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures by Thomas Hartwell Horne (1852)
"The stichoi, however, not only assisted the public reader f the New Testament to determine its sense ; they also erved to measure the size of books ; thus,..."
8. An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures by Thomas Hartwell Horne (1840)
"At the end of each manuscript it was usual to specify the number of stichoi which it contained. When a copyist was disposed to contract his space,..."
Other Resources Relating to: Stichoi


in aggregate.
The key to understanding the taxation of trusts is appreciating that trusts themselves don't usually pay tax or retain their profits. Instead, a trust's income and realised capital gains are distributed each year to its beneficiaries – meaning, profits are passed through the trust to family members and taxed as ordinary income in their hands.
Family trusts also have the added benefit of being able to vary the share of income that goes to the various family members from year to year to optimise the tax outcome.
For example, if a family's small retail business generates operating profits of $200K and the business is run through a Family Trust, then the family can distribute the profits equally across its five family members (i.e. Mum, Dad and three adult children). This results in each family member receiving a trust distribution of $40,000. Assuming the family have no other source of income, each family member pays personal income tax of around $4,547, or $22,735 for the group. So, the average tax rate paid on business profit is around 11%.
If on the other hand the business was operated through a company, then the businesses profit would be taxed at the small business corporate tax rate of 27.5%. If we assume Labor's changes to imputation credits are also implemented, then the lowest conceivable average tax rate for the family group would be 27.5%.
Labor are proposing to reduce the income streaming benefit of trusts by imposing a minimum tax rate on trust distributions of 30%. In our example above this would render running the business through a trust a worse option than running the business through a company (i.e. trust = 30% and company = 27.5%).
For our family of five in the example above, the amount of tax being paid by the family would almost triple in the wake of the Labor reform.
Whilst my example may be extreme, there are literally thousands of trades people and other small business operators who earn incomes of around $200,000 pa and operate their businesses through a family trust. Where these business owners have a non-working spouse and/or adult children who aren't yet in jobs, they are able to spread out the family's income using the trust and reduce the tax they pay overall.
Notably, Labor's proposal will not apply to certain trusts such as:
 - Special disability trusts;
 - Testamentary trusts;
 - Fixed trusts or fixed unit trusts;
 - Charitable and philanthropic trusts;
 - Farm trusts (query what these are); and
 - Public unit trusts (listed and unlisted).
Implications & Comment
Setting aside the 'fairness' of the current system, the proposed reform represents a seismic shift in the amount of tax paid by many small business owners. Moreover, the risk/reward for these small business operators would be significantly altered. Furthermore, it is likely that in the wake of the reforms many small business owners will need to restructure their ownership arrangements, thereby triggering stamp duty and other costs.
Taxpayers earning salaries, with little ability to spread their income across their family members may feel that the current income streaming benefits of trusts are unfair, while small businesses owners would generally argue that the tax breaks afforded through trusts are a fair reward for the entrepreneurial risks they take.
Negative Gearing
Labor proposes to limit negative gearing to 'new' housing from 01/01/2020. Investments made before this date will be grandfathered from the impact. Losses from new investments in shares and 'existing' properties will still be able to offset other taxable income.
Implications & Comment
Market prices in any capital market are finely balanced and represent the sum total of buyers and sellers opinions and needs at any given time. If negative gearing is removed, it is likely that the number of investor buyers in the housing market will be reduced. Thus, if the policy is implemented and all other things being equal, prices should fall.
How much of this Labor policy is already factored into market prices and how much is potentially to come is unclear (noting that Sydney housing has fallen 15% in twelve months).
Whether the reduction in house prices is a good thing or not will depend on your point of view. Homeowners typically don't want the value of their equity reduced, while those aspiring to home ownership would like affordability improved.
Falling house prices are generally bad for the economy in the short run as consumer confidence and spending are eroded but can be good for the economy in the longer run as more Australians are able to enjoy the benefits of home ownership. Moreover, economists suggest that when taxpayers over invest in housing, it comes at cost to the economy overall. From an economic perspective surplus capital is better allocated to assets that create more economic activity/benefit – such as businesses and infrastructure.
Other Labor Tax Proposals
Reduction of the CGT discount from 50% to 25% C
Currently when an individual acquires an investment asset and later sells that asset for a profit, capital gains tax (CGT) is levied on the profit amount. However, if the asset was held for more than 12 months, then the gain amount is discounted by 50% before the CGT is levied. CGT is levied at the individual's marginal tax rate.
Labor have indicated that they wish to reduce the amount of the CGT discount from 50% to 25% for investments acquired after 01/01/2020.
Implications & Comment
The reduction in the CGT discount will capture more tax from those who are asset rich (i.e. those with investment portfolios), while sparing those who earn good income but haven't yet accumulated investment assets other than their home and super.
Reducing the Income Threshold from $250K to $200k for the additional 15% Tax on Concessional Superannuation Contributions (Division 293 tax)
Currently if your income plus any concessional (before-tax) super contributions is more than $250,000 you are liable for Division 293 tax of 15% on the amount of concessional contributions above the $250,000 threshold.
So those earning more than $250,000 pay a total of 30% tax on their concessional contributions, whereas taxpayers earning less than $250,000 only pay 15% contributions tax.
Labor will reduce the threshold for this additional tax amount to $200,000, thereby catching many more taxpayers.
Reducing the Non-concessional contribution cap from $100,000 pa to $75,000 pa
Currently Australians with super balances of under $1.6M can make after tax contributions (non-concessional) to super of up to $100,000 per annum. If they are under 65 they can also make three years' worth of contributions in one go (i.e. $300,000) if they have enough headroom under the $1.6M limit provided they don't make after tax contributions in the subsequent two years.
Labor plans to keep the contribution eligibility rules the same, but reduce the annual limit for after tax contributions from $100,000 to $75,000.
Implications & Comment
This change would further reduce the ability for those approaching retirement to increase their superannuation savings using lump sums. Australians saving for their retirement seeking to use superannuation will need to consider making non-concessional contributions earlier and over a more extended period of time in order to maximise their superannuation balance.
Why is Market Timing so Difficult?
Attempting to buy individual stocks or make tactical asset allocation changes at exactly the "right" time presents investors with substantial challenges. Buyers and sellers in markets are generally motivated to trade by some sort news or analysis – be it economic data, stock research, or their own hunch or preference. In [Read More]
August 02, 2019


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What Should I Pay Attention To When Buying Indoor Trampoline Equipment? How To Match It Better?
Date：2020-09-08 10:26:30 Visit：711
Today's trampoline park is loved by consumers, and more investors are more interested in trampoline projects. Such projects can not only play and exercise at the same time, but more importantly, they can exercise self-confidence, but also have the confidence to challenge. Of course The most important thing is the support of parents. Friends of different ages are also very keen on such entertainment, and some young people like it very much. So investors must pay more attention to the purchase of indoor trampoline equipment and how to match them. Understand, let's introduce it in detail.
This article contains the following:
1. The quality of trampoline
3. Function layout
4. Security protection
First, the quality of the trampoline
When buying indoor trampoline equipment, you must first pay attention to the quality. The quality actually includes the metal bracket and the spring that connect the trampoline surface and the shelf. Then according to the performance of the size, there are round or square ones. Of course, it depends on the trampoline plan. What is the design.
Second, the classification
According to the layout of the trampoline park, it may not only be as simple as a trampoline, but other facilities are also needed to jointly build indoor trampoline equipment, such as ocean balls and naughty bags. These facilities are also very important, and there are even stunt areas, such as sticky walls. And so on, so these categories are still different.
Third, functional layout
The functional layout of these indoor trampoline equipment are divided into different areas. Some are thrilling and some are challenging types. You must see these interconnected parts in the purchase process. Only by seamless connection can you increase the fun and enhance the attraction force.
Fourth, safety protection
These trampoline equipment are relatively stressful during the jump, so should we consider? Therefore, these safety issues must be considered when selecting equipment. After all, according to the division of functional areas, the trampoline selected by adults must have a high load-bearing capacity, and the trampoline in the children's area does not need to be so high, and it must be considered. Handrails, such as protective nets or grab the handrails during jumping.
In the purchase of indoor trampoline equipment, some manufacturers can directly customize different shapes and specifications to improve space utilization, and the layout can increase the difficulty, challenge, and playability to a certain extent, such as air sliding, swing, Naughty bags and other items make the indoor trampoline a super paradise.


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Simulation Of Compliance Choices For The Disinfection By-Products Regulatory Impact Analysis.
The U.S. EPA is in the process of developing regulations designed to limit the concentrations of disinfectants and their by-products in drinking water systems. The objective of regulatory analysis is to determine the potential impacts of implementing different regulatory options. This paper describes one aspect of this analysis.
|Regulatory Impact Analysis; Disinfectants; Disinfection By-products; Compliance; Drinking Water Regulations; Drinking Water|
|Office of Water|
|Office of Drinking Water|
|No division specified|
|Background Benefit-Related Document|
|Malcolm Pirnie, Inc.; Wade Miller Associates|


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Showing 1–4 of 4 titles
This captivating tall tale brings life to an engaging, original character, whose love and concern for her neighbors fills the story with joy.
My Name is Gabito: The Life of Gabriel García Márquez/Me llamo Gabito: la vida de Gabriel García MárquezRaúl Colón's evocative, tropical illustrations pull the eye into Gabriel García Márquez's imaginative world, introducing children to the early life of this celebrated Colombian author in "My Name is Gabito.
- Nonfiction, Literature
- Pura Belpré Youth Illustrator Award 2008 (Honor Title)
- ISBN: 9780873589345
Juan Felipe Herrera celebrates the lives of 20 Hispanic people who up to now have been in the shadows to many despite their significant contributions to American society. These poignant biographical sketches succinctly present the essence of each hero's life and legacy to the future generations of their culture.
- Nonfiction, Biography
- Pura Belpré Children's Author Award 2015 (Honor Title)
- ISBN: 9781501912931


Friends in my garden- 62
Orb-weaver spiders
Today I have three orb-weaver spiders from my garden.
Orb-weaver spiders build spiral wheel-shaped webs that are very common in gardens and places with a lot of plant growth.
Opadometa fastigata
Opadometa fastigata, the pear-shaped Leucauge, is a species of spider in the family of long-jawed orb weavers. It is found in India and East Asian countries. This species can be identified by its pear-shaped abdomen and the fourth pair of legs with a thick brush of spines.
Side view shows a hump formed by the pear-shaped abdomen overhanging the cephalothorax (the structure formed by head and thorax).
Gasteracantha geminata is a species of spider, found in India and Sri Lanka. It is known as the Oriental spiny orb-weaver or Spiny-backed orb-weaver, due to the prominent spines on either side of the abdomen.
Argiope pulchella, another species of the orb-weavers is seen in India and other Asian countries. The species can be often seen near human habitats.
Like other species of this genus, it is a "signature spider"; it builds the web with a zig-zag 'stabilimentum' resembling a signature!
These spiders build their web close to the ground in order to catch low flying insects.
Gasteracantha geminata
Argiope pulchella
This must be a pear-shaped Leucauge, with a different design on the abdomen.
Landscape- 10
Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon, located in the state of Arizona, USA, is often considered one of the Wonders of the World with visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colourful landscape.
The awe-inspiring Grand Canyon is a deep gorge carved by the Colorado River through millions of years.
We can see a unique combination of geological colours and erosional forms of landscape. These layered bands of red rock reveal millions of years of geological history.
The Grand Canyon is a World Heritage Site.
These photographs were taken from the South Rim of the Canyon.
Patterns and Shapes in Nature- 5
Fern frond
This is a late evening shot of the fern frond.
Ferns are shade-loving ornamental plants. Though they thrive in tropical forests, ferns have adapted to temperate weather as well.
As is visible, this fern frond is bearing fruit bodies or Sporangia on its ventral side. They produce spores.
The fern symbolizes eternal youth. To the Maori tribe of New Zealand, the fern represented new beginnings. To the Japanese, the fern symbolizes family and the hope for future generations. According to Victorians, the fern symbolized humility and sincerity.


Roskilde Viking Ship Museum – Roskilde, Denmark - Atlas Obscura
Roskilde Viking Ship Museum
Roskilde, Denmark
While most of these majestic sea giants are on display inside, at least one is afloat in the Roskilde Fjord, and just in case you were wondering if dreams really do come true? Yes, they will take you for a boat ride. In fact, they'll even let you steer.
The ships at the Viking Ship Museum in the Danish city of Roskilde may be above the waves now, but until 1962, they were decaying at the bottom of the icy depths in Skuldelev. Known now as the Skuldelev ships, these ancient vessels were five in total: two cargo ships, a long-cargo/fishing ship, and two warships. Products of the 11th century, the ships were determined to be the remains of ships that were sunk deliberately to act as an underwater shield, defending Skuldelev from attacks by sea.
The museum (along with the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo) is a nautical enthusiast's paradise. The five hulking restorations are the main attraction, but the museum is rich with seafaring artifacts and displays, and there is a strong representation of the art of boatbuilding, including an option to buy your very own handmade wooden boat to take home. Due to the heavy focus on building, this particular viking museum is known for having the most skilled crew out there, when it comes to reconstruction.
One of the more exciting offerings in vikingland is the museum's full-day "Learn to Sail a Viking Ship" course. Focusing on practical sailing practices, participants learn the basics for sailing a square sail, a very different experience from today's modern sails, a challenge for both experienced and novice sailors. Along with an opportunity to learn the ropes, the museum also offers a children's museum, a restaurant and cafe, and interactive displays of the three inside boats, the ones not currently afloat on the harbor.
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critical factors are the speed of print and flood strokes, the thickness and opacity of the ink and the distance between the screen and the shirt. All of these factors must be carefully orchestrated to achieve acceptable results, especially in cases of half tone reproduction. If the print is on dark garment a flash is often required. The flash heats the ink so that the following colors will have and opaque base to sit on. Flashing requires attention to heat and timing and must be adjusted as the platens warm up and the ink changes consistency. Most of the critical adjustments required to control the process have to be done intuitively. It is because of this that screen printing is a specialized craft that requires a wealth of experience.
Once the shirts have been printed they must be cured and inspected. The dryer consists of a conveyor belt that runs the shirts through a heated chamber. The dryer must be set to the proper temperature and the speed of the belt must be adjusted to insure the required exposure to the heat for complete ink fusion. This must be diligently controlled to insure that the print is durable. Shirts also must be inspected as they are placed on the dryer belt and as they are removed by the folders.
We thank Mirror Image, Inc. _URL_ for their help in the preparation of these instructions.
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The Excavator and Tractor Teach Us Shapes and Other Educational Car Videos
3D educational car cartoons are the new way to learn colours, shapes and songs! As the orange tractor brings by a truckload of playground balls, the excavator digs into the pile and pulls out a unique shape. Can you identify each shape he throws into the air? Guess what, you'll also get to sing your nursery rhymes along with this video! Check out many more free cartoons for boys and girls at SeeZisKids!


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Inform anyone treating you that you CANNOT have any shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy or therapeutic ultrasound diathermy (all now referred to as diathermy) anywhere on your body because you have an implanted neurostimulation system. Energy from diathermy can be transferred through your implanted system, can cause tissue damage and can result in severe injury or death.
Diathermy can also damage parts of your neurostimulation system. This can result in loss of therapy from your neurostimulation system, and may require additional surgery to remove or replace parts of your implanted device. Injury or damage can occur during diathermy treatment whether your neurostimulation system is turned "on" or "off."
Patient Letter, dated May 18, 2001
The purpose of this letter is to inform you that you should not have shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy or therapeutic ultrasound diathermy (all now referred to as diathermy) if you have an implanted neurostimulation device. Diathermy provides optional treatments for the following purposes:
When the energy from diathermy therapy interacts with neurostimulation devices, it can cause permanent nerve or tissue damage and result in severe injury or death. Therefore, DO NOT RECEIVE ANY DIATHERMY.
Please note that the permanent nerve or tissue injury is not caused by a device malfunction. Rather, it is caused by the interaction of two devices (neurostimulation system and diathermy machine) when they are working properly.
There have been two known cases where patients with implanted deep brain stimulation systems received shortwave therapy (diathermy). In both cases, the therapy interacted with the implanted neurostimulation system and caused severe and permanent brain damage. Both patients are still in comas.
What are shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy and therapeutic ultrasound diathermy treatments?
Diathermy, pronounced (di'-a-thur-me) are treatments that deliver energy to treat specific areas of the body. These treatments are typically used for the following purposes:
Your doctor can answer any questions you may have about diathermy therapy or alternative treatments.
Diathermy is used by a variety of health care professionals, including physical therapists, nurses, chiropractors, dentists, sports therapists, ophthalmologists, and others. Health care professionals may refer to diathermy using the term "deep heat" or similar terms. Diathermy means deep heat, but these devices may also be used in a way that causes little or no heating.
What Should You Do?
First and foremost, do not receive any shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy or therapeutic ultrasound diathermy, just as you would avoid a medicine to which you are seriously allergic. Before receiving any treatment, you should inform every health care professional (such as doctors, dentists, chiropractors, sports therapists, or physical therapists) that you have an implanted neurostimulation device. Follow these steps whenever you see any health care professional:
If you have any questions about this communication or your therapy, please contact the doctor who manages your neurostimulation treatment or contact Medtronic directly at _PHONE_.
If you have an implanted neurostimulation device, please ensure that you continue to receive important information from Medtronic regarding your device.
Inform us of any changes in your contact information by calling the number above. Please be assured we will not sell, exchange, or publish the contact information that you send us.


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Who are Designers?
Designers Knowledge Base
The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 defines the designer in general terms as anyone who prepares a design or arranges for any person under their control to prepare one.
The Health and Safety (Management in Construction) (Jersey) Regulations 2016 defines the designer as a person whose profession, trade or business involves him or her in preparing or modifying a design / arranging for or instructing people under his or her control to prepare or modify a design, relating to a structure or to a product or mechanical or electrical system intended for a particular structure, and a person is treated as preparing or modifying a design where a design is prepared or modified by a person under his or her control.
The designer is also anyone who contributes to the process of design irrespective of their actual role.
 1. A Client who dictates or alters a design.
 2. Building services, engineering practices or others designing fixed plant which is heavy or awkward to move, contains specific hazards in its use and maintenance, etc.
 3. People preparing specifications or bills of quantities, specifying articles or substances.
 4. People who purchase materials where the choice has been left open for, say, building blocks. By making the choice as part of a purchasing decision, you are taking part in the design process.
 5. Contractors carrying out design work as part of their contribution to the project.
 6. Heritage organisations who specify how work is to be done.
 7. Temporary works designers.
By implication all of these parties should be reducing risk by their design decisions and communicating with the other designers about their areas of concern.
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(No.1) Making Information Richer
As an information technology engineer, I often reflect on the importance of content. Traditionally, the most important content has been text, which is circulated mostly by printing and publishing activities. As Figure 1 shows, these activities stopped growing around 1990. When we take into account that information grows at an average of 40% annually, this abrupt change should indicate that information is moving from the printed page to some other medium. My guess is that the shift has been predominately to images.
The most precious information, of course, is art. And Chinese calligraphy is a valuable form of art for many Japanese. The most famous calligrapher is Yi Zhi Wang, who is often called The Mahatma of calligraphy (Figure 2). He lived in China in the 4th century and is still worshiped. With calligraphy, images (font style) are very important. Some valuable contents have survived as long as 1600 years.
Our Image Appliance Lab has been tasked with achieving better use of images. The Image Retrieval Engine on the Yahoo Auction site in Japan is one example of our achievements so far.
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