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Venetian glass has long been celebrated for its refined artistry, graceful forms, and clarity of its material. What's more, some have believed that the purity of the glass would resist deadly poisons. In The Power of Poison, currently at the American Museum of Natural History in Manhattan, the history of poison as a natural defense, a murderous weapon, and even a cure is explored in detail.
A diorama of the three Macbeth witches toiling and troubling over a cauldron is placed alongside an exploration of how the Mad Hatter in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland references the real mental degeneration caused by the mercuric nitrate once used in the hat making process. Live poison frogs are in residence, as are in-person presentations on poisoning topics like a 19th century case of coffee poisoning with arsenic, which in its tasteless white form was popularly known as "inheritance powder." Curator Mark Siddall in the AMNH Division of Invertebrate Zoology obviously has an enthusiastic curiosity for all the biology and history of the Earth's most deadly properties.
One area of the exhibition focuses on "poison detectors," which is where that delicate Venetian glass comes in. For it was believed that goblets and glassware made on the Murano island in Venice would shiver and shatter when poison was poured into them. In this way, if you weren't wealthy enough to pay someone to taste your food just in case of fatal flavorings, your trusty Venetian glassware would explode in warning.
Before you head to your local antiques dealer to ease your poisoning paranoia, be warned that sadly Venetian glass, no matter how gorgeous, in actuality has no poison detecting properties. But this didn't mean that the belief it in it was brief, albeit most prevalent in the 16th century. In Lord Byron's 16th century Venice-set play The Two Foscari published in 1821, a character proclaims:
"Tis said that our Venetian crystal has
Such pure antipathy to poison, as
To burst if aught of venom touches it."
Perhaps not coincidentally, this was around the time fear of poisoning was high in Italy, with the most famous case being the infamous Lucrezia Borgia. She may or may not have given dinner guests a dash of death with poison hidden in her hollow ring, although it's now thought these rumors might actually have been spread by people jealous of her power. Yet the prophetic attributes of Venetian glass didn't end with the House of Borgia. As John W. Weatherford cites in his Crime and Punishment in the England of Shakespeare and Milton, _PHONE_, a surgeon examining a poison victim in Elizabethan times who had been doused with poison in his food by his wife in cahoots with her "landlady confidante," "found the poison 'lying around his heart'" and discovered it "by putting it in a Venetian glass. […] The glass broke. The silly pair confessed, and that was that."
Venetian glass isn't the only poison detector highlighted in The Power of Poison; there are also opal rings said to go pale at the presence of poison, Malaysian hornbill spoons that would also change color, and amethyst necklaces worn to protect from poison. They are joined by believed poison purifiers such as fossilized shark teeth (believed to be "dragon tongues") and agate stones. Yet the Venetian glass is one of the more interesting in showing how the idea of manmade artistic perfection could be projected as real power onto an object.
The Power of Poison is on view through August 10 at the American Museum of Natural History (Central Park West and 79th Street, Upper West Side, Manhattan).
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An entrance and a barrier; welcoming but protective. These are some of the dualities that exist in considering a very specific type of project—land port of entries (LPOE), commonly known as border-crossing stations. The security issues in this post-9/11 world pose new challenges. How does the United States construct an infrastructure of arrival points, where "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" are still invited to enter, but that also serve as a line of protection? LPOE facilities are organized into a complex set of spatial geometries that are coordinated with a highly choreographed set of procedures. These procedures are in place, first and foremost, to protect customs and border agents who often have to make split-second decisions in determining if there is a potential threat.
Light plays a particularly key role here, not just in the experience of these places, but in facilitating an agent's ability to do his or her job. The demands placed on the lighting are somewhat contradictory: Deliver a great amount of light and minimize brightness and glare—all while meeting significant security criteria, energy-code requirements, and sustainable building practices as mandated by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). But it is not an impossible task. The GSA's Design Excellence Program, which oversees the construction of LPOEs, recognizes the need for design to be integral to a project's development and enables even high-security environments to receive thoughtful architecture and lighting. In the process, particularly with some of the most recent LPOEs, lighting criteria have been revisited and new guidelines have been created that meet the priority of security, but do so in a way that creates a better overall environment, one that is securely illuminated.
The land port of entry at Massena, N.Y., is situated along the U.S.-Canada border amid complex site conditions that include the St. Lawrence River, Cornwall Island (home to the Akwesasne Reservation), and a series of wetlands. Site, movement, and light, along with security requirements, contributed to Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects' (SMH) winning design scheme, the result of an invitation-only GSA design competition in 2000. After 9/11, the project was put on hold and did not start up again until 2005. In the interim, with new security concerns on the table, the project requirements were reevaluated.
The main building, which houses offices and anchors the passenger-inspection areas, is the first structure visible on the approach from Canada. Because this façade is north-facing and always in shadow, SMH wanted to integrate architectural details and light so that the building would emerge as a welcoming beacon on the horizon. Originally, supergraphic letters in a reflective-yellow highway paint spelled out the words "United States." The signage, seen in the photo at the right, has since been removed, due in part to some security concerns, and SMH is now working on another solution. But SMH's original yellow wayfinding system is carried on throughout the site in other signage elements.
To meet energy-code requirements yet still provide the 100-plus footcandle light level required for security purposes, SMH relied on architectural forms and natural light for an indirect lighting solution at the passenger vehicle-inspection areas' canopies.
Extremely thin and devoid of any equipment so as not to interrupt the white planar surfaces, the underside of the canopy serves as a light reflector. During non-daylight hours, 250W metal halide uplights, recessed on top of the inspection booths, are aimed at the canopy underside and supplement the even wash of light across the inspection bays, preventing harsh shadowing. In the secondary inspection area, pole-mounted metal halide uplights allow the U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers to perform their inspection duties. "It's a significant design challenge," says architect Sean Gallagher. "Architecture can participate with the operations that are happening at the borders in a way that will make the port run more smoothly and the experience a little bit more sane."Details
Project: U.S. land port of entry, Massena, N.Y.
Completion Date: Fall 2009 (completed ahead of schedule)
Client: U.S. General Services Administration
Architect: Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects, New York
Structural, MEP, Civil, and Security Engineers: Arup, New York
Landscape Architect: Quennell Rothschild & Partners, New York
Environmental Consultants: Barton & Loguidice, Syracuse, N.Y.
Curtainwall Design Consultants: R.A. Heintges Associates, New York
Lighting Designer: Claude R. Engle, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Graphic Design Consultants: Pentagram, New York
Project Cost: $54 million (bid $4 million under budget)
Project Size: 57 acres (campus); 24,500 square feet (inspection plazas—booths and canopies); 37,200 square feet (M-Bldg, administration facility); 6,700 square feet (S-Bldg, secondary inspection facility); 7,900 square feet (G-Bldg, broker offices); 7,700 square feet (N-Bldg, non-intrusive inspection facility)
Photography: Michael Moran
Situated along a thin slice of land overlooking Semiahmoo Bay and the international Peace Arch Park, the Peace Arch U.S. Land Port of Entry (LPOE) is one of the busiest northern border crossing stations serving private vehicle traffic between Washington state and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The design is all about blending the new facility into the landscape. "The architectural challenge was to figure out how to incorporate this much-larger new facility in this very constrained spot," explains Sergei Bischak, project architect at Bohlin Cywinski Jackson.
Because of the busy nature of this location and its 24/7 operation, the station could not be shut down for construction, so a phased approach was applied to demolishing the existing 1970s structure and erecting a new one in its place. Although there are now 10 lanes of traffic—two more than the previous facility had, according to Bischak—the project wasn't about "places for more cars." It was about "facilities to support the processing."
One of the most substantial developments resulting from this project was the creation of a new set of exterior lighting guidelines. As the team, which included Seattle lighting design firm Candela, began to work, it was clear that the existing GSA lighting guidelines were outdated and called for calculation methods that were not useful. Lighting designer Mary Claire Frazier, then a principal at Candela (she has since retired), spearheaded a request to the GSA to revisit the document. She proposed a tour of several LPOEs along the northern and southern U.S. borders so that Candela could analyze lighting conditions, interview U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents, and then make recommendations for new lighting guidelines.
After extensive review, the GSA accepted the new findings, which better address vertical illuminance, uniformity, transition and adaptation zones, and glare control. Also of note in the new standard is the stipulation to include an independent lighting designer on all design teams. "The guidelines are written from a lighting designer's perspective," says Randy Fisher, who assumed project responsibilities from Frazier. "Security issues are met, but with an appropriate gradiance of light."Details
Project: Peace Arch U.S. Land Port of Entry, Blaine, Wash.
Completion Date: January 2011
Owner: U.S. General Services Administration
Architect: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, Seattle office
Structural and Civil Engineers: Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Seattle
Mechanical Engineers: CDi Engineers, Seattle
Electrical Engineers: Sparling, Seattle
Landscape Architect: Swift Company, Seattle
Lighting Designer: Candela, Seattle
Project Size: 15 acres (campus); 35,750 square feet (building); 55,000 square feet (site work)
Energy Code Compliance: ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Based on Candela's U.S. LPOE Design Guide Exterior Lighting Study, 289 fewer luminaires were used than the existing 2006 guidelines would have prescribed. The project also uses 16,773 fewer watts, a 22 percent reduction in total lighting load.
Rendering: Courtesy Bohlin Cywinski Jackson
Lighting was a major element from the very start for the redesign of the San Ysidro U.S. Land Port of Entry (LPOE), just outside San Diego. When the Miller Hull Partnership (MHP) was called in for its interview with the GSA after making the short list of architecture firms, it was suggested to them that one of the five team members to include be the lighting designer. "We knew immediately how important lighting design was to the project," says Craig Curtis, design partner at MHP. "Fortunately, we had already decided to team with Candela who we've worked with for years. And coincidentally they had just done a study of LPOEs' lighting design."
As one of the busiest LPOEs in the U.S., there are a tremendous number of demands placed on this facility, and even more since it is a border station along the nation's southern border. An extraordinary number of people—102,000—go through this location every day, 25,000 merely on foot. "The design first of all had to respond to the demand for increasing throughput," Curtis explains. "In addition to that, every architectural move we were making, we were trying to see what we could do in terms of sustainability as part of that same solution."
Striving to be a net-zero energy building

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'Gold-standard' cotton genome sequence to advance fiber, fuel, food
An international consortium, led by Professor Andrew Paterson of the University of Georgia, has made publicly available the first "gold-standard" genome sequence for cotton. Cotton was among the first plants studied at the molecular level, and the sequence obtained by Paterson and his team is the culmination of a 20-plus year effort in the analysis of cotton genes and genomic DNA. This critical sequence will be invaluable to better understanding and optimizing the production and sustainability of the cotton plant.
The research effort of Paterson and others gained momentum in 2007 when a proposal from 22 leading cotton scientists representing the world's seven largest cotton-producing nations was approved by the United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Program. The study established the strategy that was used for "gold-standard" sequencing of the New World cotton progenitor, Gossypium raimondii, which was chosen by the worldwide cotton community to be the first of 50 cotton species to be sequenced. "This achievement, and the ongoing research community annotations of our cotton genome, will speed continued improvement of cotton production and help sustain one of the world's largest industries," said Paterson.
The cotton sequence is among the highest-quality flowering plant sequences yet produced. A novel strategy integrating "next-generation" and conventional sequencing methods was used. Critical to the effort was information about the cotton hereditary blueprint, which had been accumulated over more than 20 years of research funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cotton Incorporated, and other public and private agencies.
"This cotton data will help accelerate the study of gene function, particularly cellulose biosynthesis as it is fundamental to improved biofuels production," said Jeremy Schmutz, head of the DOE JGI Plant Program and a faculty investigator at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, who led the effort to assemble the sequence.
"In addition, the unique structure of the cotton fiber makes it useful in bioremediation, and accelerated cotton improvement also promises to improve water efficiency and reduce pesticide use," Schmutz said.
Cotton production contributes heavily to many economies. The value of cotton fiber grown in the U.S. is typically about $6 billion per year. Cottonseed oil and meal byproducts add nearly $1 billion more value. More than 430,000 domestic jobs are related to cotton production and processing, with an aggregate influence of about $120 billion on the annual U.S. gross domestic product and an estimated annual $500 billion worldwide.
Don Jones, Ph.D., director of Agricultural Research responsible for biotechnology research at Cotton Incorporated, said this Gossypium raimondii gold standard sequence will be the foundation for sequencing upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum.
"This sequencing effort demonstrates that wise investment of grower supplied Cotton Incorporated funding produces cutting edge research which benefits the greater cotton community. This sequence is a cornerstone that will help advance our knowledge so we more thoroughly understand the biology that leads to enhanced yield, improved fiber quality, and better stress tolerance, all improvements that will benefit growers in the not-too-distant future."
Cotton Incorporated, funded by U.S. growers of upland cotton and importers of cotton and cotton textile products, is the research and marketing company representing upland cotton. The Program is designed and operated to improve the demand for and profitability of cotton.


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What is It?
Fluency Timer, from Needleworks Education, is a one-minute digital timer that automatically records students' fluency readings. Using Fluency Timer will revolutionize fluency assessment, provide an instant independent work time activity, and help reading fluency to skyrocket.
Why Use It?
Research has shown that having students listen to themselves reading increases students' reading fluency as they hear their own mistakes and work to correct them. By recording fluency assessments, teachers can review results, share results with parents, and allow students to hear themselves.
Fluency Timer is fully compatible with DIBELS, Open Court, Treasures Reading, Houghton Mifflin, Core K12, and any other program with fluency assessment components. In addition, Fluency Timer can be used with one minute story retelling.
Hundreds of free printable fluency passages are linked to from our extras page.


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In social animals, including humans, social grooming is an activity in which individuals in a group clean or maintain one another's body or appearance. A related term, allogrooming, indicates social grooming between members of the same species. Grooming is a major social activity, and a means by which animals who live in proximity may bond and reinforce social structures, family links, and build relationships. Social grooming also is used as a form of reconciliation and a means of conflict resolution in some species. Mutual grooming typically describes the act of grooming between two individuals, often as a part of social grooming, pair bonding, or a precoital activity.
It is a reuse of ordinary grooming behavior, a means of achieving hygiene and good health, in that an animal helping another animal to clean itself also is helping to form a social bond and trust between them.
The Ubud Monkey Forest is a nature reserve and temple complex in Ubud, Bali. Its full name as written on a welcome sign is the Padangtegal Mandala Wisata Wanara Wana Sacred Monkey Forest Sanctuary. The complex houses approximately 340 Crab-eating Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys (32 adult males, 19 male sub adult, 77 adult females, 122 juvenile and 54 infants). There are four groups of monkeys each occupying different territories in the park. The Sacred Monkey Forest is a popular tourist attraction in Ubud, and is often visited by over 10,000 tourists a month. The forest comprises approximately a tenth of a square kilometer (approximately 27 acres) and contains at least 115 different species of trees. The Monkey Forest contains the Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal temple as well as a "Holy Spring" bathing temple and another temple used for cremation ceremonies. The Monkey Forest is owned by the village of Padangtegal, and village members serve on the Monkey Forest's governing council. The Padangtegal Wenara Wana Foundation manages the Monkey Forest and serves to maintain its sacred integrity and to promote the sacred site as a destination for visitors.


What is the opening on the NAOS side for?
We have designed a large opening on the side of NAOS, to allow you the following uses:
- drop off and pick up your child from the side in an ergonomic position (straight back and knees bent) and thus avoid back pain caused by repeated poor postures
- allow you to go to bed near your children and reassure them while they fall asleep. No need to hold her hand from the top of the bed. And you also avoid waking him up when you put him down when he is asleep...
- If you wish, you can secure the room where NAOS is located, and let your child get out of his bed according to his will, guiding him towards autonomy (Montessori). This is possible thanks to its mattress structure placed on the floor


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Server transmission rules govern the behavior of messages going from the server to the client. Server transmission rules are handled by the MobiLink server. They apply both when you are using push notifications and when you are not using notifications.
There are several ways to set server transmission rules:
Write a server management request to set the transmission rule.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Imagine the varying frequency generator, which feeds this frequency to the oscilloscope. Oscilloscope is turned to show signal spectra with FFT.
The image on the screen of the oscilloscope is as expected: single peak, traveling from 1 kHz to 50 kHz. Of course, my generator is not ideal, it gives a number of harmonics with less magnitude. But the strange thing happens: if my peak goes from 1 kHz to 50 kHz, the other peak appears at 50-60 kHz, and goes to lower frequencies towards mine peak. At time of appear, it's hardly noticeable, but in the end it's almost half of main frequency. Whenever varying frequency comes to it's maximum (50 kHz), ghost frequency almost approaches it. At this moment my generator drops back frequency to 1 kHz, ghost frequency disappears and process starts again.
What causes such a behaviour?
PS: I think it's more mathematical question, rather then physical or electronic.
PPS: I have some decisions, but don't want to spoil the question.
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Sounds like an aliasing phenomenon. What model oscilloscope are you using? Do you have your anti-aliasing filters on your oscilloscope turned on? – Tpofofn Dec 19 '10 at 2:34
It's very simple Textronix (TDS1000 series) it has no anti-aliasing. – PF4Public Dec 19 '10 at 4:17
_USER_ - definitely aliasing, you should make your comment an answer! – mtrw Dec 22 '10 at 9:06
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2 Answers
_USER_, As stated in the comment and also mentioned by _USER_ this is likely aliasing phenomenon. Your intuition that it is a mathematical issue is correct. There are many websites that describe the mechanics of aliasing such as this Wikipedia article. Basically, the phenomenon occurs when an analog signal is sampled at a rate that is too slow as compared to the frequency content. You will get this phenomenon whenever the sampling frequency is less than 2x the highest frequency component (known as the Nyquist rate). When aliasing occurs, higher frequencies "appear" to be lower. Furthermore, when a signal frequency exceeds 1/2 the Nyquist rate its apparent frequency starts to go down, exactly the phenomenon that you are seeing.
To solve this problem you need to make sure that the sampling frequency of you oscilloscope is at least 2x your largest harmonic. I am not sure how the FFT function works on you oscilloscope, but sometimes the sampling rate is tied to the sec/div setting.
I hope that this helps.
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The lowest sample for your oscilloscope is 500MSps, so definitely not aliasing. Also aliasing produces multiples of base frequency, which is not the case(the phantom would increase as the fundamental increases). Try to do FFT for constant frequency signals. Also I would like to ask how fast is the signal frequency changing.
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How To Reduce Forklift Fleet Operation Costs
Posted on February 6, 2012 19:02 by Admin
Forklift fleets will always incur some costs, but wise fleet management can keep these costs to a minimum. Here are a few tips to keep your fleet in top shape. These tips may cost you a little money up front, but they will save you many times your investment over the months and years to follow.
1. Keep Batteries Charged - OK, we admit we are a little biased, but here at Multi-Shifter we think the most important components of a forklift fleet are the industrial battery systems. Batteries charged too often or not often enough will at best reduce productivity as trucks stop working and need battery replacement, and at worst cause permanent damage or worker injury.
2. The Impact Of Impacts - Your forklift can take the occasional bump as a driver misjudges a turn, but that doesn't mean your warehouse should become a demolition derby. Minimize collisions by ensuring aisles are plenty wide, obstacles are well marked, and drivers are alert to any dangers.
3. Fleet Maintenance - Use Multishifter equipment to keep your industrial battery systems clean of corrosion as well as fully charged. However don't forget other components. Replace worn tires and wheels and inspect all systems regularly. Proper maintenance now prevents breakdowns or accidents later.
4. Floor Maintenance, Part 1 - Remember forklifts tend to go back and forth over the same ground. A damaged threshold or hole in the floor might not hurt the tires much if a driver goes over it once, but that damage builds up as he goes over it repeatedly. Address any floor repairs as soon as possible to minimize damage to the fleet.
5. Floor Maintenance, Part 2 - Sweep up any debris in forklift aisles. It may not seem like a stray bolt or a splinter off a pallet will do much damage, but these small items can damage tires and increase maintenance costs. Plastic wrap or twine can foul the wheel and damage bearings. The floors don't need to be clean enough to eat off of, but they should be free of debris.
6. Worker Training - Drivers can't read your mind. New drivers should receive training in fleet operations, industrial battery systems maintenance, and safety procedures. Training should be repeated annually, since even the most dedicated drivers forget things over time.
7. Find The Right Truck - Don't use the wrong forklift for the job. If you do, you run the risk of damaging the truck, injuring workers, or slowing down production. If the truck doesn't fit the job, you either need to change the job or get a new truck.
Pay attention to details like tire wear and industrial battery systems, and you will extend your fleet life and reduce repair and replacement costs.
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The Secret To Buying Cheap Forklift Batteries
Posted on August 18, 2011 20:05 by Admin
The Market For Used Forklift Batteries
Used Battery Benefits
How Multi-Shifter Helps You With Used Batteries
When winter arrives many fleet managers are surprised at how quickly forklifts and other electric vehicles required battery recharge. Low temperatures affect how industrial battery systems operate and can have a negative impact on fleet performance. Here are a few tips to keeping your batteries and vehicles at top productivity during the cold winter months.
How To Keep A Charge On Batteries
Industrial battery systems provide power by a chemical reaction between the electrolytes and the metal in the battery. The speed of chemical reactions is affected by temperature, proceeding more quickly when it's hot and more slowly when it's cold. This in turn affects the battery's power output--a slower reaction means less power. A cold battery puts out less power so has a shorter operating life before needing recharge. Managers can increase the frequency of battery replacement, or can use battery heaters to keep the units warm.
One benefit of this relationship between power and temperature is that unused batteries hold their charge longer when it's cold out. All rechargeable batteries slowly leak power when unused, but the rate of loss slows as the temperature drops. Refrigerated batteries hold their charge much longer than ones stored at room temperature.
Freezing Dangers
The liquid in industrial battery systems can freeze, preventing the battery from operating and potentially damaging the casing. Battery solution has a lower freezing point than water, and the actual temperature it freezes is based on the battery's charge. Fully charged batteries can be stored safely even at temperatures well below zero, but partially discharged batteries freeze at temperatures only slightly below the freezing point of water.
If possible, keep vehicles inside on very cold nights. The area doesn't have to be warm, but should be kept above freezing. Charge the batteries at night since charging batteries, like running water, can't freeze. If the vehicles can't be stored indoors, consider removing the batteries and taking them inside at night. This doesn't have to happen every night, only on nights where the temperature is going to drop below freezing.
Most fleet managers know to keep battery recharging areas well ventilated due to the hydrogen gas given off by industrial battery systems during the charging cycle. Explosive hydrogen gas plus the ignition source inherent in the battery recharging process is a disaster waiting to happen. Good airflow ensures the gas is never able to build up to explosive levels.
During cold months, workers may close doors and windows to keep out the cold. Managers need to consider whether or not recharging areas are getting enough airflow in this case. If not, workers need to be educated about what needs to be kept open during charging operations. Worker comfort is important, but so is worker safety.
Follow these simple hints and your fleet and the industrial battery systems they depend on will run just as well in the winter as they do in the summer. Contact us for more information!
Although forklift batteries are reasonably safe, there are a few hazards associated with handling the units. Multi-Shifter's battery handling equipment is designed not only for convenience and fleet efficiency, but also for safety.
Shock Hazards
Workers who touch exposed terminals can suffer serious electrical shocks that can cause skin burns, muscle spasms, respiratory and heart failure and even death. Even people who carefully avoid the terminals can get a serious shock if a tool, jewelry or other metal object brings someone into indirect contact with live electricity.
Multi-Shifter's battery handling equipment minimizes an employee's contact with the terminals, and reduces the chance of dangerous electrical shock. All of our products are designed to distance the operator from the power cell, and to minimize the chance that an electrical circuit between the user and the terminals can be completed.
Corrosive Dangers
The acid in forklift batteries may seem minor, but sulfuric acid is a strongly corrosive substance. It can cause scarring skin burns, and eye damage so severe it can lead to permanent blindness. Workers may know to be careful when opening battery caps, but they can also be splashed with acid if the power cell should drop during removal or transport.
Our battery handling equipment holds batteries securely so they can't fall, and our patented bed design ensures they won't roll off during transport. Operators stand far enough away from the cells that even in the extremely unlikely even one splashes acid, the worker should be safe.
Explosive Gases
One of the most overlooked dangers in lead-acid power cells is the potential for the buildup of volatile hydrogen gas. During recharging, batteries naturally give off a small amount of gas. Over a long period, the gas can build up in pockets in the room where any spark or ignition source can trigger a fiery explosion.
Workers cannot detect hydrogen since it has no odor or color, so the gas could build up for hours without anyone realizing. Recharging should be done only in well-ventilated areas, and all ignition sources such as flames or cigarettes should be expressly forbidden.
Strain Injuries
Batteries are very heavy. Workers can injure their backs, shoulders, and other muscles and joints if they are not very careful when lifting and transferring the power cells. An employee who drops one of these batteries on his foot better hope he's wearing steel-toed boots. A better option than manual transport is our line of battery handling equipment such as lifters and shifters.
Let the machines do the heavy lifting so your workers don't risk injury. Although our products are designed to be simple to operate, we strongly recommend every worker receive formal training on proper operation before using the equipment.
Safety should always be the primary focus of any job site. Multi-Shifter battery handling equipment protects your workers from the hazards of forklift batteries.
Many companies offer their customers the convenience of a ride on an electric vehicle to and from their cars. Hospitals, airports and concert arenas are just a few of the facilities where you'll find these vehicles. Rather than using inefficient methods of recharging, we recommend a Multi-Shifter battery changing system to keep your fleet operating efficiently.
Keep Vehicles In Service
A common protocol is to run the vehicles during the day and then plug them in to recharge overnight. However what if you have a day of high traffic and your shuttles grind to a halt? Can you really afford to keep extra vehicles around to fill in while the drained carts are recharging? A more economical choice is to swap power cells with a battery changing system.
With Multi-Shifter equipment, workers lift the old cell out of the vehicle and then replace it with a fully charged one. The shuttle is back in operation in a few minutes. It's more affordable to keep a few extra batteries around then to maintain an oversized fleet. This fast turnaround means you can expand your hours, since shuttles


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This is where a signal or pattern generator comes in. Traditionally, the pattern generator would be hooked up with the calibration probe, and a computer running calibration software. The software would "talk" to the probe (also called a meter) and the signal or pattern generator. For example, the software would request a pure 100% red pattern – the signal generator would produce that and then the probe would take a reading. Once the reading was done, the software would request the next pattern and so on. The entire time the software would be recording calibration readings. This type of calibration is known as a "closed loop" calibration where the software, signal generator and meter are all talking to each other and can then upload calibration data to a monitor automatically. The beauty of this type of calibration is that you can essentially "set it and forget it" making for straight forward easy calibrations.
The folks at SpectrCal have come out with a product called Virtual Forge that allows you to use a software app downloaded to your Mac and a supported hardware device like those from AJA (BMD support coming) to generate calibration patterns to a monitor connected via HDMI or HD-SDI. The cool part is that Calman (SpectraCal's calibration software) can then from another computer (currently a Windows machine) "talk" to the pattern generator via a wired or wireless network – essentially allowing Calman to control the Mac for purposes of calibration and generating any necessary patterns for a successful calibration. In some cases Calman generated calibration data can even be uploaded directly to a supported monitor, or LUT box.
We're really excited about Virtual Forge. At $395 software only (thru the end of July then $495) and also available with an AJA T-Tap Thunderbolt interface for $695 you can get a professional signal generator for literally a fraction of the price of traditional hardware unit.


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New design awards celebrate Hydrogenerator
Gensler teamed with 4240 Architecture have been awarded Silver in a new multi-disciplinary design award, in recognition of their proposals for turning water into electricity.
The collaboration was formed to create a proposal that transforms Chicago's abandoned Bloomingdale rail line into a three mile long greenhouse and hydrogen generator that provides 10 acres of farm land year round, powers city schools, and creates a beacon for the city. The Spark Awards recognised the potential in the unbuilt project awarding Gensler and 4240 Architecture with their Silver award.
Chicago's Bloomingdale railroad viaduct runs through the city's heart, connecting neighbourhoods, the city's park system, and the Chicago River. The three-mile long elevated rail line was abandoned in the 1980s and currently sits neglected, overtaken by vegetation, garbage, and debris. It is at once an eyesore as well as a beautiful wilderness set against a dense urban backdrop.
"Our city's challenges are too significant and the Bloomingdale Line's potential too great for it to be just another park," said Gensler design director Brian Vitale. "The Bloomingdale Line is worthy of a greater purpose, one that will directly affect people in most need within the city."
While the greenhouse above produces food, the hydrogen generator below creates electricity to split water molecules into pure Hydrogen and Oxygen. This new fuel cell energy will be used to power nearby Chicago Public Schools, in turn helping the CPS reverse its budget shortfall from last year which resulted in teacher layoffs to offset rising utility bills. "Simply put, Hydrogen = Teachers," say Gensler. The excess Hydrogen will be sold to alternative fuel vehicles at depots throughout the line.
As it produces this much needed food and energy, the Hydrogenerator simultaneously releases oxygen as the by-product of photosynthesis and hydrogen production -- a truly sustainable loop.


Sun Java System Web Server 7.0 Update 4 NSAPI Developer's Guide
Installing the AddLog() Example
To load the shared object containing your functions, add the following directive in the Init section of the magnus.conf file:
Init fn=load-modules
To call brief-init to open the log file, add the following code to the Init section in magnus.conf. This line must come after the one that loads the library containing brief-init.
Init fn=brief-init
AddLog fn=brief-log
The source code for this example is in addlog.c file in the install-dir/samples/nsapi directory.


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Related to voluntarily: vindication, elusive, relinquish
VOLUNTARY. Willingly; done with one's consent; negligently. Wolff, Sec. 5.
 2. To render an act criminal or tortious it must be voluntary. If a man, therefore, kill another without a will on his part, while engaged in the performance of a lawful act, and having taken proper care to prevent it, he is not guilty of any crime. And if he commit an injury to the person or property of another, he is not liable for damages, unless the act has been voluntary or through negligence, as when a collision takes place between two ships without any fault in either. 2 Dobs. R. 83 3 Hagg. Adm. R. 320, 414.
 3. When the crime or injury happens in the performance of an unlawful act, the party will be considered as having acted voluntarily.
 4. A negligent escape permitted by an officer having the custody of a prisoner will be presumed as voluntary; under a declaration or count charging the escape to have been voluntary, the party will, therefore, be allowed to give a negligent escape in evidence. 1 Saund. 35, n. 1. So Will.
References in periodicals archive?
In the early hours of Wednesday, 26 passengers were asked to voluntarily exit after the Air France flight suffered a "technical problem" at the New Delhi airport.
'Most importantly, the age range of 15-35 years is to ensure the leadership transition takes place voluntarily, smoothly and does not kill more youth organisations at the grassroots level because it involves leadership and management issues.
Three-member bench of Supreme Court of Pakistan headed by Justice Sheikh Azmat Saeed on Thursday conducted hearing of suo motu notice case pertaining to powers of NAB with regard to voluntarily returning the money got through corruption.
He observed that if a government employee voluntarily returned the amount then what procedure was to be adopted.
'In the meantime, we maintain our suggestion that those who seek public offices in the 2019 elections voluntarily submit themselves to drug testing for this is an initial step towards equipping our electorate with substantial information as they exercise their right of suffrage,' he said.
Furthermore, some encroachers removed their encroachment themselves voluntarily including sheds and an illegal kitchen setup by a famous food outlet.
Furthermore, some encroachers left the area voluntarily and sheds and an illegal kitchen established by Dainty Foods were removed.
In a statement sent to The Manila Bulletin late Wednesday afternoon, the 10th ID PAO acting officer said the surrenderees, one of them a squad commander of the 2nd Squad, Guerilla Front 2 SRC 2 of the CPP-NPA Southern Mindanao Regional Committee, voluntarily gave up themselves to field troops of the 10th ID at 8 o'clock in the morning last Wednesday (Aug.
Fifth Street Asset Management Inc (OTCQX:FSAM) declared on Wednesday that it has decided to voluntarily move its class A common stock from the OTCQX US Market, operated by OTC Markets Inc and list these for trading on the Pink Market, also operated by OTC Markets.
The letter read, 'I hereby voluntarily retire from the Bench of the Federal High Court of Nigeria with effect from 6th December 2017.
A spokesman for Merseyside Police said: "A teenage boy has today voluntarily attended a police station in Liverpool in connection with the fatal road traffic collision in Walton.
The Paradise Street dining spot, which closed voluntarily, left signs on its doors apologising for the inconvenience caused.


text:
Thematic Pathways in General Education (TPGE) is an initiative to increase student engagement in General Education (Gen Ed) courses and to foster cross-disciplinary connections and co-curricular learning opportunities. Pathways identify subsets of Gen Ed courses with relevant content proposed by the General Education Committee or other faculty groups. They create a new filter in STAR so that students can identify subsets of courses with Gen Ed designations with thematic content that may interest them. Students may opt to fulfill a subset of their Gen Ed Core (Foundations and Diversification) and Special Graduation (Focus and Hawaiian/Second Language) requirements within one or more TPGEs, but they are in no way required to do so. Participation in TPGEs is entirely voluntary for faculty as well. If, for any reason, departments do not want one or more of their classes included, they can opt out by emailing their request to _EMAIL_ at any time.
TPGEs will also feature co-curricular learning opportunities. For example, a lecture on campus may be interesting to students enrolled in Gen Ed designated classes with Sustainability content. The General Education Committee and General Education Office can forward announcements about such activities to the departments with courses in the Sustainability TPGE, for example, so that students can be alerted to them, and/or so those events can be incorporated into the curricula.
TPGEs should be clearly distinct and much broader than any single major, minor or certificate. TPGEs are not academic programs or a Gen Ed requirement. Instead, TPGEs provide selection criteria for undergraduate students, academic advisors, and faculty advisors to use during the registration process in order to identify subsets of courses fulfilling Gen Ed requirements that have some content relevant to a broad, interdisciplinary area that may be of interest to the student. A TPGE on "Climate Change," for example, would identify the subset of courses with Gen Ed Diversification designations that have sufficient content related to sea rise, air pollution, migration, and public policy. With over 4000 courses with Diversification designations, and more being added each year, students are faced with an overwhelming array of choices. By tagging subsets of courses with content related to a broad interest area, the registration system's new TPGE menu will allow them to quickly pull up a subset of courses relevant to a TPGE that may interest them. The student interested in Climate Change can then find a shorter list of choices for fulfilling a Diversification Arts (DA) requirement (e.g.,Tropical Landscape Planting Design Studio, Topics in Theatre Production). If no courses in that subset fit her schedule or pique her interest, she can choose from DA courses in a different TPGE or from the complete list of all courses with a DA designation. As a registration tool, TPGEs function like filters in search bars on retail sites: Men's Shoes may bring up thousands of options, but Boots narrows that to a more manageable subset of choices.
If you have any questions, or want to discuss an idea for a new TPGE, don't hesitate to contact us.


Gringo (feminine, gringa) is a Spanish and Portuguese word used in Latin America to denote foreign non-native speakers of Spanish (regardless of race), especially English-speakers from the British Isles, and Americans, Canadians, Australians, and New Zealanders, as well as some other Latin Americans.
Hispanophones disagree whether or not gringo is derogatory. The American Heritage Dictionary entry classifies gringo as "offensive slang", "usually disparaging", and "often disparaging". The usages of gringo sometimes are derogatory, paternalistic, and condescendingly endearing, especially when a foreigner condescends to the people and culture he or she is visiting. The enunciation of the word communicates connotation, insult or not. Like many derogatory terms, gringo has been co-opted; drummer Randy Ebright, of the band Molotov, dubbed himself El Gringo Loco (The Crazy Anglo).
 - The Anglosphere: Latino migrants to the USA occasionally use the term as a more derogatory synonym of Anglo.
 - In Central America, the word is not pejorative. In Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica the term refers to U.S. citizens. In the Dominican Republic it also means a non-free range store bought chicken (pollo gringo). In Puerto Rico, the term refers to U.S. citizens in the U.S. mainland.
 - In the countries of South America where this term is used, the word is not pejorative. In some countries it may be used to refer to any foreigner who does not speak Spanish as a native language, or in Brazil, someone who does not speak Portuguese as a native language, but in other countries it is used just or especially to refer to U.S. citizens; it may also be used to describe a blond or brunette white native person with soft facial features and light colored eyes. For instance, it is a popular nickname.
 - In Uruguay and Chile, apart from being used to refer to citizens of the United States, it can be applied to European people; particularly those who conform to the physical stereotype (blond hair, blue eyes, fair skin).
 - In Peru the word gringo is used all over the country among white and non white population. It is used to refer White people. It is not pejorative.
 - In Ecuador the word gringo can be used to refer to foreigners from any country, not only the United States, though the likelihood of being described as a gringo increases the closer one's physical appearance is to that of a stereotypical northern European.
Folk etymologies
There are many popular but unsupported etymologies for this word, many of which relate it to the United States Army in some way or another.
Mexican-American War
A recurring etymology of gringo states that it originated during the Mexican-American War of 1846-48. Gringo comes from "green coat" and was used in reference to the American soldiers and the green color of their uniforms (U.S. Army uniforms of the time were blue). Yet another story, from Mexico, holds that Mexicans with knowledge of the English language used to write "greens go home" on street walls referring to the color of the uniforms of the invading army; subsequently, it became a common habitual action for the rest of the population to yell "green go" whenever U.S. soldiers passed by.
These explanations are unlikely, since the U.S. Army did not use green uniforms until the 1940s, but rather blue ones, and after that brown (early 20th century including World War I).
Another assertion maintains that one of two songs – either "Green Grow the Lilacs" or "O Green Grow the Rushes" – was popular at the time and that Mexicans heard the invading U.S. troops singing "Green grow..." and contracted this into gringo.
Another hypothesis maintains that the U.S. troops, during the Mexican-US war were looking for the green grass (Marihuana) which may be misunderstood by the Mexicans as "gringo"
However, there is ample evidence that the use of the word predates the Mexican-American War.
Other "green" derivations
In the Dominican Republic it is said that the term was a mispronunciation of the words "green gold", referring to the green color of U.S. currency, as well as the corruption of the exclamation: "green go!", said to have voiced local opposition within the volatile context of both U.S. military interventions to the Island. Another interpretation makes a generalized character judgment of U.S. citizens: "they see 'green' (money) and they 'go' (after it)".
"Greek" hypothesis
According to the Catalan etymologist Joan Coromines, gringo is derived from griego (Spanish for "Greek"), the archetypal term for an unintelligible language (a usage found also in the Shakespearean "it was Greek to me" and its derivative "It's all Greek to me"). From referring simply to language, it was extended to people speaking foreign tongues and to their physical features — similar to the development of the ancient Greek word βάρβαρος (bárbaros), "barbarian". Still, scholars are not in agreement about the correct origin of this word.
In Brazil, the meaning and use of gringo differs significantly from the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries.
Etymologically, the word is documentedly not native to European Portuguese language and is actually borrowed from Spanish since the 19th century at least. Thus the Greek reference is reinforced there as the word "grego" for Greek in Portuguese (without the "i") would not have given "gringo". Also in Brazilian or even Portuguese popular culture, someone unintelligible is traditionaly said to speak Greek (sometimes German or, much more recently, Chinese).
This is also reflected in that the word usage is not naturally widespread and only generally in regions exposed to tourism like Rio de Janeiro. There, the word means basically any foreigner, North American, European or even Latin American, though generally applying more to any English-speaking person and not necessarily based on race or skin color but rather on attitude and clothing. The word for fair skinned and blond people would be rather "Alemão" (i.e., German).
Other uses
In Mexican cuisine, a gringa is a flour tortilla taco of spiced pork (carne al pastor) with cheese, heated on the comal and then served with a salsa de chile (chile sauce). The explanation of this particular platter refers to a pun : A "gringa" is a "taco al pastor", but white (flour tortilla instead of corn tortilla) and with cheese in it, but has the same pork on the inside as regular "taco al pastor". This meaning that gringos (anglos), may look different on the outside, but are basically the same on the inside.
In the 1950s, the blue Fifty Mexican peso bill was called an ojo de gringa ("gringa's eye").
The word Gringolandia (Gringoland) is a mock, single-word name for the United States of America. A possible origin is that the U.S. has no single-word name other than the sometimes ambiguous "America". Gringolandia derives from the compounding of the words "gringo" and "-landia" (land of) into this term.
 - "Goodbye, if you hear of my being stood up against a Mexican stone wall and shot to rags please know that I think that a pretty good way to depart this life. It beats old age, disease, or falling down the cellar stairs. To be a Gringo in Mexico – ah, that is euthanasia!" – Ambrose Bierce (last words of his final written communication, a letter to his niece, Lora, in December 1913.)
See also
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text:
Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy trainingPublished on June 04, 2013
Although empathy is crucial for successful social interactions, excessive sharing of others' negative emotions may be maladaptive and constitute a
source of burnout. To investigate functional neural plasticity underlying the augmentation of empathy and to test the counteracting potential of
compassion, one group of participants was first trained in empathic resonance and subsequently in compassion. In response to videos depicting
human suffering, empathy training, but not memory training (control group), increased negative affect and brain activations in anterior insula and
anterior midcingulate cortex-brain regions previously associated with empathy for pain.
In contrast, subsequent compassion training could reverse the increase in negative effect and, in contrast, augment self-reports of positive affect. In addition, compassion training increased activations in a nonoverlapping brain network spanning ventral striatum, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex. We conclude that training compassion may reflect a new coping strategy to overcome empathic distress and strengthen resilience.


text:
Puppis ( Latin: poop deck) is a southern constellation. It is the largest of the four parts into which Argo Navis was split.
Notable deep sky objects
As the milky way runs through Puppis, there are a large number of open clusters in the constellation. Messier 46 (M46) and Messier 47 (M47) are two open clusters in the same binocular field. M47 can be seen with the naked eye under dark skies, and its brightest stars are 6th magnitude. Messier 93 (M93) is another open cluster somewhat to the south. NGC 2451 is a very bright open cluster containing the star c Puppis.
On November 14, 2007, Nova Puppis 2007, or V597 Pup, was discovered about 1 degree northeast of RS Puppis, a Cepheid variable. The coordinates are RA = 8:16.3, DEC = -34°15', J2000.0 standard. On the Puppis map at right, that is approximately two thirds the distance from ρ Pup to ζ Pup.
Several extrasolar planet systems have been found around stars in the constellation Puppis, including:
* On April 18, 2006, HD 69830 (the nearest star of this constellation) was discovered to have three Neptune-mass planets, the first multi-planetary system without any Jupiter-like or Saturn-like planets. The star also hosts an asteroid belt at the region between middle planet to outer planet.
* On July 4, 2007, the first extrasolar planet found in the open cluster NGC 2423, was discovered around the red giant star NGC 2423-3. The planet is 10.6 times the mass of Jupiter and orbits at 2.1 AU distance.
* Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. ISBN 978-_PHONE_. Princeton University Press, Princeton. ISBN 978-_PHONE_.
* Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Legend, New York, Dover.
Retrieved from "_URL_


text:
The NFL's rules protect quarterbacks, and for good reason. There simply aren't enough of them who can perform at a high level.
The protections include preventing certain hits on quarterbacks and permitting certain behaviors aimed at allowing quarterbacks to avoid otherwise legal hits. The Panthers propose limiting the latter.
Specifically, Carolina has proposed a rule change aimed at expanding the definition of intentional grounding, on the basis that the current rule doesn't adequately prevent fouls.
Here's the current rule: "It is a foul for intentional grounding if a passer,facing an imminent loss of yardage because of pressure from the defense, throws a forward pass without a realistic chance of completion. A realistic chance of completion is defined as a pass that lands in the direction and the vicinity of an originally eligible receiver. If a player intentionally throws a ball to the ground, it is intentional grounding, unless the receiver is surrounded by defenders on an attempted screen pass."
The proposal would remove this sentence: "A realistic chance of completion is defined as a pass that lands in the direction and the vicinity of an originally eligible receiver."
The only problem is that the revised rule would leave the term "realistic chance of completion" undefined. But maybe the wisdom of the proposal is that "realistic chance of completion" doesn't need to be defined. Maybe common sense should apply, since the current definition of "realistic chance of completion" is completely nonsensical.
A pass that "lands in the direction and the vicinity of an originally eligible receiver" doesn't necessarily have a "realistic chance of completion." A pass that has a realistic chance of completion has a "realistic chance of completion," and fans tends to know it when they see it.
As the rule is currently written and interpreted, the quarterback needs to do little more than spike the ball for intentional grounding to be avoided. So if the current rule is going to remain in place, why not just let a quarterback who is feeling the heat spike the ball?
That would make far more sense than the current rule, which lets the dart not just miss the board but fail to even strike the wall.


text:
Robots game activity
Bring the stack of CRC index cards you developed in lab yesterday to
lecture, one for each class you hope to design in your
robots program. This activity will involve elaboration
of these cards, giving greater specificity to responsibilities and
describing each class's attributes.
Your task in class is to embellish these cards as follows:
- Each card should list of member functions and
instance variables of the class. (Instance variables
are the private variables.) Insofar as possible, you should give the
type/class of all parameters and return values of the member
functions, and the types of the instance variables.
- One additional card lists non-member functions
(if any) along with the purpose of each. Again, give the type/class
of all parameters and return values.
- Number all member functions and procedures in the order you
intend to code and test them. You'll put the number
(1) in front of all methods and procedures you can
test on their own without writing any others. Put a
(2) in front of procedures you can't write until
you've written procedures from (1), and so forth.
- Identify with a (*) all methods which appear
challenging to write. These are ones which you hope you can break up
later into smaller procedures once you've thought about the
robots program more.


Assignment 3 ------------ Erratum corrected 11PM Sun 3 Oct: the following line let tb = (make_list t12 (make_list t3 empty)) in originally read let tb = (make_list t12 t3) in This has been corrected below, and in the preloaded evaluator for working on assignment 3, available here: [[assignment 3 evaluator]].
Once again, the lambda evaluator will make working through this assignment much faster and more secure. _TAG_ recursive functions on version 1 style lists# Recall that version 1 style lists are constructed like this (see [[lists and numbers]]): ; booleans let true = \x y. x in let false = \x y. y in let and = \l r. l (r true false) false in let make_pair = \f s g. g f s in let get_fst = true in let get_snd = false in let empty = make_pair true junk in let isempty = \x. x get_fst in let make_list = \h t. make_pair false (make_pair h t) in let head = \l. isempty l err (l get_snd get_fst) in let tail = \l. isempty l err (l get_snd get_snd) in ; a list of numbers to experiment on let mylist = make_list 1 (make_list 2 (make_list 3 empty)) in ; church numerals let iszero = \n. n (\x. false) true in let succ = \n s z. s (n s z) in let add = \l r. l succ r in let mul = \m n s. m (n s) in let pred = (\shift n. n shift (make\_pair 0 0) get\_snd) (\p. p (\x y. make\_pair (succ x) x)) in let leq = \m n. iszero(n pred m) in let eq = \m n. and (leq m n)(leq n m) in ; a fixed-point combinator for defining recursive functions let Y = \f. (\h. f (h h)) (\h. f (h h)) in let length = Y (\length l. isempty l 0 (succ (length (tail l)))) in let fold = Y (\f l g z. isempty l z (g (head l)(f (tail l) g z))) in eq 2 2 yes no Then 'length mylist' evaluates to 3. 1. What does 'head (tail (tail mylist))' evaluate to? 2. Using the 'length' function as a model, and using the predecessor function, write a function that computes factorials. (Recall that n!, the factorial of n, is n times the factorial of n-1.) Warning: it takes a long time for my browser to compute factorials larger than 4! 3. (Easy) Write a function 'equal_length' that returns true just in case two lists have the same length. That is, equal_length mylist (make_list junk (make_list junk (make_list junk empty))) ~~> true equal_length mylist (make_list junk (make_list junk empty))) ~~> false 4. (Still easy) Now write the same function, but don't use the length function. 5. In assignment 2, we discovered that version 3-type lists (the ones that work like Church numerals) made it much easier to define operations like 'map' and 'filter'. But now that we have recursion in our toolbox, reasonable map and filter functions for version 1 lists are within our reach. Give definitions for 'map' and a 'filter' for verson 1 type lists. _TAG_ with trees# Linguists analyze natural language expressions into trees. We'll need trees in future weeks, and tree structures provide good opportunities for learning how to write recursive functions. Making use of the resources we have at the moment, we can approximate trees as follows: instead of words, we'll use Church numerals. Then a tree will be a (version 1 type) list in which each element is itself a tree. For simplicity, we'll adopt the convention that a tree of length 1 must contain a number as its only element. Then we have the following representations:
 (a) (b) (c)
 /|\ /\ /\
 / | \ /\ 3 1 /\
 1 2 3 1 2 2 3
[[1];[2];[3]] [[[1];[2]];[3]] [[1];[[2];[3]]]
Limitations of this scheme include the following: there is no easy way to label a constituent with a syntactic category (S or NP or VP, etc.), and there is no way to represent a tree in which a mother has a single daughter. When processing a tree, you can test for whether the tree contains only a numeral (in which case the tree is leaf node) by testing for whether the length of the list is less than or equal to 1. This will be your base case for your recursive functions that operate on these trees.
 1. Write a function that sums the values at the leaves in a tree. Expected behavior: let t1 = (make_list 1 empty) in let t2 = (make_list 2 empty) in let t3 = (make_list 3 empty) in let t12 = (make_list t1 (make_list t2 empty)) in let t23 = (make_list t2 (make_list t3 empty)) in let ta = (make_list t1 t23) in let tb = (make_list t12 (make_list t3 empty)) in let tc = (make_list t1 (make_list t23 empty)) in sum-leaves t1 ~~> 1 sum-leaves t2 ~~> 2 sum-leaves t3 ~~> 3 sum-leaves t12 ~~> 3 sum-leaves t23 ~~> 5 sum-leaves ta ~~> 6 sum-leaves tb ~~> 6 sum-leaves tc ~~> 6
 2. Write a function that counts the number of leaves.


Will a matter get 0 volume on -273 C?
 1. Today in my chemistry class, the teacher said:
 Is it true? If yes I have a doubt. 0 vloume means the matter will demolish right? Then how will the mass of the demolished matter be conserved according to Law of conservation of mass?
 2. jcsd
 3. mfb
 Staff: Mentor
 This is not true.
 Also note that a full Bose-Einstein condensate is the lowest-energy state (for bosons), it is at 0 K and you cannot make it cooler.
 4. Do you mean the lowest possible temperature a matter can be cooled is 0 k?
 5. mfb
 Staff: Mentor
 That's the definition of 0 K, yes.
 There is a good reason to assign negative temperature values to some systems, but those are hotter than any system with zero or positive temperature.
 6. There are some very interesting properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)...
 7. DrClaude
 DrClaude 2,327
 Science Advisor
 Homework Helper
 Gold Member
 Yes, they were just not detected. If you had read the Wikipedia entry, you would have seen after twhat OCR quoted:
 Also, the statement
 is mostly false. When a substance is cooled [Edit: to a low enough temperature], it forms a solid [Edit: with the exception of helium, which becomes superfluid]. Only in very special cases, such as for dilute gases, does a bunch of bosons can be coerced to form a BEC. It is not trivial to do!
 Last edited: May 5, 2014
 1 person likes this.
 8. thank you DrClaude
 9. Could a real rate of matter volume become infinitely small? If you are convinced it cannot be done in the universe, then the absolute zero cannot be achieved in the universe.
 Also a demolition of the matter in 0 volume, as a real phenomenon, makes no sense to consider.
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The Initiatives
Initiatives List
Premio Nazionale di Teatro Luigi Pirandello
Premio Nazionale di Teatro Luigi Pirandello
The Premio Nazionale di Teatro Luigi Pirandello is promoted by the Fondazione Sicilia which in 2008, after eleven years of silence, obtained ownership and restored it to its former glory, re-launching a traditional competition and stimulating quality, modern theatrical productions.
The competition began in Palermo in 1966, one hundred years after the birth of Sicilian drama, with the aim of celebrating one of the "pilasters" of twentieth century Italian literature.
The spirit behind the prize was Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, the then President of Cassa Centrale di Risparmio Vittorio Emanuele.
Divided into sections, the Pirandello prize includes the "National Theatre Prize", for authors in the Italian language and original theatrical works, the "International Prize", which goes to a figure in Theatre in recognition of his/her career achievements, and two awards for theatre studies: one for a historical-critical work and the other for a mainly philological work. The panel of judges is composed of figures from the critical and theatrical world.
The prize, presented every two years, is under the High Patronage of the President of the Republic and has been awarded to high profile figures from the world of show business: from Ingmar Bergman to Giorgio Strehler, Harold Pinter, Tadeusz Kantor, Bernhard Minetti and Eugenio Barba.


text:
Early forests tamed wild rivers
The evolution and spread of trees stabilised river banks and changed landscapes around the world forever, geologists say.
Before the switch, broad, shallow, braided river channels could spread and migrate endlessly from side to side.
Only when tree-like plants with deep roots took hold some 330 million years ago did river banks finally come under control, say researchers.
Their assessment is published in the journal Nature Geoscience.
When the change occurred, rivers became single, deeper channels that meandered slowly across the floodplain, and only occasionally breaking their banks and carving out new channels.
The landscape has never looked back - large meandering river channels have dominated the lowlands ever since.
These stabilised, fixed-channel flood plains are well watered and can develop deep, organic soil, supporting rich, forested ecosystems.
This new paradigm for landscape and ecosystem evolution comes from field work and an analysis of 330 published studies of river channels preserved in rock strata and exposed in cliff faces.
Neil Davies and Martin Gibling from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, describe the appearance of a distinctive pattern of river deposits in sedimentary rocks from the Carboniferous Period that persists in every subsequent geological period.
In some places, the team noted that fossilised trunks and log jams had been preserved in channel sediments, proof that trees were growing along the banks.
"The depth and diversity of rooting increased dramatically," write the authors. "This would have greatly boosted the stability of the entire floodplain."
The Carboniferous Period saw complex and varied plant life flourish on Earth. In this period, thick coal deposits formed as plants died and were buried in the swampy plains. These deposits are the basis of our current carbon-based economy.
Flood plains also provide the most fertile farmland on Earth. They allowed early human civilisation to develop, with settled populations and agriculture, and are now home to some of the largest and most densely populated cities.


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Prescribed Burning on State Park Lands
Source:Parks & Trails Fund
This program is to increase prescribed burning on Division of Parks and Trails (PAT) lands in order to meet shortfalls in achieving PAT restoration and management objectives.
About the Issue
Prescribed burning is necessary to preserve fire-dependent native plant communities such as prairies and oak woodlands. Prescribed burning is also important at periodic intervals to maintain fire dependent native plant communities, stimulate seed production needed for new restoration sites and aid in controlling invasive species. The division's annual prescribed burn acreage will likely increase as the need to maintain additional restored fire dependent communities grows.
Project Details by Fiscal Year
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
500 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN


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Orbs / 2018 /
Christoph Bader, Prof. Neri Oxman
Orbs combine generative modelling methods with high-resolution multi-material 3D printing. This approach uses generative modelling for geometry and material generation. For the generation of heterogeneous material distributions generative methods are evaluate during slice generation, thereby enabling the production of voxel-matrices describing material distributions for printing at the 3D printer's native resolution. A bitmap-slicing framework designed to inform material property variation in combination with slice generation was developed to enable the fabrication of the Orbs.
Current advancements in additive manufacturing enable the fabrication of geometrically complex and materially heterogeneous objects with high spatial resolution in manufacturing. Such advancements challenge designers, architects and engineers alike, to move beyond shells designed with pre-determined shape, and material composition; and to consider an expanded design space encompassing internal material compositions such as, amongst others, variable porosity, variable elasticity, variable hardness. We propose that the "anatomy" of objects can be designed to through generative methods.
However, current off-the-shelf software tools, do not typically take these recent advancements into consideration, thereby missing out on significant design opportunities that lie at the intersection of digital modeling, analysis and fabrication. This research area explores a hybrid approach to heterogeneous material modelling enabling the designer to augment current CAD workflows by combining them with heterogeneous material modelling methods.
The orbs where designed for the MIT Media Labs, Disobedience Award —a $250,000, no-strings-attached prize—recognizes individuals and groups who engage in responsible, ethical disobedience aimed at challenging norms, rules, or laws that sustain society's injustices. This award honors work that is focused on positive impact and is consistent with a set of key principles, including: nonviolence, creativity, courage, personal responsibility


Suppose that \(x\) and \(y\) are two continuous real variables, which we may suppose to be represented geometrically by distances \(A_{0}P = x\), \(B_{0}Q = y\) measured from fixed points \(A_{0}\)\(B_{0}\) along two straight lines \(\Lambda\), M. And let us suppose that the positions of the points \(P\) and \(Q\) are not independent, but connected by a relation which we can imagine to be expressed as a relation between \(x\) and \(y\): so that, when \(P\) and \(x\) are known, \(Q\) and \(y\) are also known. We might, for example, suppose that \(y = x\), or \(y = 2x\), or \(\frac{1}{2}x\), or \(x^{2} + 1\). In all of these cases the value of \(x\) determines that of \(y\). Or again, we might suppose that the relation between \(x\) and \(y\) is given, not by means of an explicit formula for \(y\) in terms of \(x\), but by means of a geometrical construction which enables us to determine \(Q\) when \(P\) is known.
In these circumstances \(y\) is said to be a function of \(x\). This notion of functional dependence of one variable upon another is perhaps the most important in the whole range of higher mathematics. In order to enable the reader to be certain that he understands it clearly, we shall, in this chapter, illustrate it by means of a large number of examples.
But before we proceed to do this, we must point out that the simple examples of functions mentioned above possess three characteristics which are by no means involved in the general idea of a function, viz.:
(1) \(y\) is determined for every value of \(x\);
(2) to each value of \(x\) for which \(y\) is given corresponds one and only one value of \(y\);
(3) the relation between \(x\) and \(y\) is expressed by means of an analytical formula, from which the value of \(y\) corresponding to a given value of \(x\) can be calculated by direct substitution of the latter.
It is indeed the case that these particular characteristics are possessed by many of the most important functions. But the consideration of the following examples will make it clear that they are by no means essential to a function. All that is essential is that there should be some relation between \(x\) and \(y\) such that to some values of \(x\) at any rate correspond values of \(y\).
Example X
1. Let \(y = x\) or \(2x\) or \(\frac{1}{2}x\) or \(x^{2} +1\). Nothing further need be said at present about cases such as these.
2. Let \(y = 0\) whatever be the value of \(x\). Then \(y\) is a function of \(x\), for we can give \(x\) any value, and the corresponding value of \(y\) (viz. \(0\)) is known. In this case the functional relation makes the same value of \(y\) correspond to all values of \(x\). The same would be true were \(y\) equal to \(1\) or \(-\frac{1}{2}\) or \(\sqrt{2}\) instead of \(0\). Such a function of \(x\) is called a constant.
3. Let \(y^{2} = x\). Then if \(x\) is positive this equation defines two values of \(y\) corresponding to each value of \(x\), viz. \(\pm\sqrt{x}\). If \(x = 0\), \(y = 0\). Hence to the particular value \(0\) of \(x\) corresponds one and only one value of \(y\). But if \(x\) is negative there is no value of \(y\) which satisfies the equation. That is to say, the function \(y\) is not defined for negative values of \(x\). This function therefore possesses the characteristic (3), but neither (1) nor (2).
4. Consider a volume of gas maintained at a constant temperature and contained in a cylinder closed by a sliding piston.1
Let \(A\) be the area of the cross section of the piston and \(W\) its weight. The gas, held in a state of compression by the piston, exerts a certain pressure \(p_{0}\) per unit of area on the piston, which balances the weight \(W\), so that \[W = Ap_{0}.\]
Let \(v_{0}\) be the volume of the gas when the system is thus in equilibrium. If additional weight is placed upon the piston the latter is forced downwards. The volume (\(v\)) of the gas diminishes; the pressure (\(p\)) which it exerts upon unit area of the piston increases. Boyle's experimental law asserts that the product of \(p\) and \(v\) is very nearly constant, a correspondence which, if exact, would be represented by an equation of the type \[\begin{equation*} pv = a, \tag{i}\end{equation*}\] where \(a\) is a number which can be determined approximately by experiment.
Boyle's law, however, only gives a reasonable approximation to the facts provided the gas is not compressed too much. When \(v\) is decreased and \(p\) increased beyond a certain point, the relation between them is no longer expressed with tolerable exactness by the equation (i). It is known that a much better approximation to the true relation can then be found by means of what is known as 'van der Waals' law', expressed by the equation \[\begin{equation*} \left(p + \frac{\alpha}{v^{2}}\right)(v – \beta) = \gamma, \tag{ii}\end{equation*}\] where \(\alpha\), \(\beta\), \(\gamma\) are numbers which can also be determined approximately by experiment.
Of course the two equations, even taken together, do not give anything like a complete account of the relation between \(p\) and \(v\). This relation is no doubt in reality much more complicated, and its form changes, as \(v\) varies, from a form nearly equivalent to (i) to a form nearly equivalent to (ii). But, from a mathematical point of view, there is nothing to prevent us from contemplating an ideal state of things in which, for all values of \(v\) not less than a certain value \(V\), (i) would be exactly true, and (ii) exactly true for all values of \(v\) less than \(V\). And then we might regard the two equations as together defining \(p\) as a function of \(v\). It is an example of a function which for some values of \(v\) is defined by one formula and for other values of \(v\) is defined by another.
This function possesses the characteristic (2); to any value of \(v\) only one value of \(p\) corresponds: but it does not possess (1). For \(p\) is not defined as a function of \(v\) for negative values of \(v\); a 'negative volume' means nothing, and so negative values of \(v\) do not present themselves for consideration at all.
5. Suppose that a perfectly elastic ball is dropped (without rotation) from a height \(\frac{1}{2}g\tau^{2}\) on to a fixed horizontal plane, and rebounds continually.
The ordinary formulae of elementary dynamics, with which the reader is probably familiar, show that \(h = \frac{1}{2}gt^{2}\) if \(0 \leq t \leq \tau\), \(h = \frac{1}{2}g(2\tau – t)^{2}\) if \(\tau \leq t \leq 3\tau\), and generally \[h = \tfrac{1}{2}g(2n\tau – t)^{2}\] if \((2n – 1)\tau \leq t \leq (2n + 1)\tau\), \(h\) being the depth of the ball, at time \(t\), below its original position. Obviously \(h\) is a function of \(t\) which is only defined for positive values of \(t\).
6. Suppose that \(y\) is defined as being the largest prime factor of \(x\). This is an instance of a definition which only applies to a particular class of values of \(x\), viz. integral values. 'The largest prime factor of \(\frac{11}{3}\) or of \(\sqrt{2}\) or of \(\pi\)' means nothing, and so our defining relation fails to define for such values of \(x\) as these. Thus this function does not possess the characteristic (1). It does possess


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Are you picking up the full content, emotion, and intention communicated by employees?
Here are some terrific questions to help you go further into engaged listening for content, emotion, and intention.
Content (the content and context of the speaker):
- What is the speaker saying?
- What are the facts?
- What are the inferences?
- What does the person mean?
- What is the speaker not saying?
- How are they slanting what they say?
- How much of their content is experience (what happens to them)?
- How much of their content is behaviour (what they are doing)?
- How might someone else say this?
- How might they say this to someone else?
- Is there conflict in the content?
- What is the context of the communication?
Emotion (feeling and mood communicated in speaking):
- How is the person communicating with me?
- What is the emotion or emotions?
- Do I sense a motion in the emotion?
- Is the emotion stable or is it changing?
- How comfortable is the person with their emotional expression?
- At what level if the emotion guiding or governing the speaker?
Intention (stated or implied action):
- Why is the person speaking with me?
- What is my role in this listening encounter?
- What is it that they want me to do?
- How much of the intention is embedded in the emotion?
- Is their intention stated?
- Is their intention implied?
- How does the intention change as I listen to the person?
David Zinger has a Master's of Education degree. He specialized in counseling psychology and learned to fully listen and teaching engaged listening while teaching counseling psychology for 25 years. Hire David to speak at your organization or conference.


8 Patient Fibs Pharmacists Hate to Hear
Published on
The following was provided by Pharmacy Times:
When a patient lies to you, you may forgive the first offense, but if it continues, it can become tiresome. Worse yet, it can be dangerous and result in harmful drug interactions, higher treatment costs, or ineffective therapy. In fact, a WebMD survey found that 32% of patients reported "stretching the truth" when dealing with their health care providers. Only 13% admitted to outright lying. Additionally, patients between 25 and 34 years old were most likely to lie to their physicians, and they tended to lie about recreational drug use, sexual history, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Here are 8 patient fibs pharmacists hate to hear: CLICK HERE to read more.
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Selamat datang di cybronyx! temukan semua kebutuhan proyek teknologimu disini! punya pertanyaan seputar proyek kamu? silahkan konsultasikan kepada kami :)
 - Infrared Emission Sensor Module For Arduino Starters Compatible
Infrared Emission Sensor Module For Arduino Starters Compatible
 - Model: Arduino
 - SKU: 0111
 - Ketersediaan: Stock ada
 - Rp.25.000,-
Infrared Emission Sensor Module For Arduino Starters Compatible KY-005.
Infrared transmitting tube, also known as infrared light emitting diode, as part of the diode. It is to be able to convert electrical energy directly into near-infrared light (not visible) and radiation out of the light-emitting device, mainly used in all kinds of photoelectric switch and remote transmission circuit. Infrared transmitting tube structure, the principle of similar to ordinary light emitting diode, just use different semiconductor materials. Infrared leds are typically used gallium arsenide (GaAs), aluminum gallium arsenic (GaAlAs), and other materials, the use of transparent or light blue, black resin encapsulation.
Launch distance and Angle (15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees c), the intensity of light emission, wavelength. Above for the physical parameters, it is necessary to understand its electric performance parameters, on the market commonly used 3 mm in diameter, 5 mm for small power infrared transmitting tube, 8 mm, 10 mm for the power and high power tube. Small power transmitting tube forward voltage: 1.1-1.5 V, current 20 ma, in power for the forward voltage: 1.4-1.65 V 50-100 ma, high-power tubes for the forward voltage: 1.5-1.9 V200-350 ma. Yu star electronics to make 1-10 w high power infrared transmitting tube can be applied to the infrared monitoring lighting.
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text:
The National Museum of Mathematics in Manhattan opened this month. Despite its seven-word nomenclature, its management team is forecasting that the new cultural center receives its fair share of attention from the city's eclectic urbanites.
The elevator-floor index assigns "0" to the lobby and "-1" to the basement. If this does not pique your curiosity to tackle some algebraic word problems, there are other brain-expanding puzzles, math toys, and DVDs of lectures called Math Encounters to pull you in to the mindset.
The museum, which is less than a mile from Penn Station, is the only math-centric museum in North America.
Italy, Spain, and South Korea all have math museums. Germany alone has four. The United States has plenty of science museums, and some of them have a bit of math, such as Ben Franklin's Magic Square puzzles at the Franklin Institute. But why no U.S. museum focused solely on math?


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St. Joseph's Catholic Church
Saint Joseph's history dates back to 1903. While it might seem strange to have two churches just a half mile apart, it makes sense when you look at history. People came from Europe and wanted a sense of home, which is experienced mostly through language and customs. In 1884, fifty Polish families built their own church in Franklin Township, four miles southwest of Delano. This parish was named Saint Mary of Czestochowa, which was a mission of Saint Peter's, and then Saint Joseph's before becoming an independent parish. In the town, the parish of Saint Joseph's was built, which had its corner stone placed in July of 1903, and the church was completed on January 1, 1904.


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BeritaBali.com reports that Bali's Environmental Protection Agency (BLH) has recorded salt water intrusion into the ground water supply at distances between 39 and 330 meters from the shore line. The BLH is blaming this development on the high usage of ground water, particularly by the hotel sector.
The worst affected areas are in Sanur, Kuta, Candi Dasa and Nusa Dua. Meanwhile, the use of ground water in Denpasar is now approaching 3 million cubic meters per month.
The head of the technical laboratory division of BLH, Gede Surjana, said he is concerned by the degree of salt water intrusion into Bali's water supply and the level of salinity measured in ground water samples. He further warned that if something is not done soon to limit the over-use of ground water, Bali will face a clean water crisis by 2020.
He estimates the maximum permissible use of ground water for all of Bali stands as 300 million cubic meters per year.
Discovery Tours. Articles may be quoted and reproduced
if attributed to _URL_.


Quick Answer: Does alcohol affect gym gains?
How does alcohol effect muscle building? Research shows that an acute bout of moderate alcohol intake does not accelerate exercise induced muscle damage and also doesn't affect muscle strength.
Why is alcohol bad for building muscle?
Alcohol contributes to protein breakdown more than your nutrition does to protein synthesis. When the body degrades muscle protein, it breaks down more muscle than it builds. In other words, never building muscle. Many try combining protein sources with alcohol to outweigh the negative effects.
Does alcohol kill gym gains?
Not only does alcohol have zero nutritional value, some studies say it may even disrupt muscle protein synthesis, and muscle growth. (Google it if you have a day or two to kill.) … This can hinder protein synthesis.
Is drinking alcohol bad for gym?
Alcohol is detrimental to sports performance because of how it affects the body physically during exercise and its adverse effects on the brain's functions – including judgment – that will impair sports performance.
Can bodybuilders drink alcohol?
The bad: Drinking in excess can lead to severe health problems such as liver damage, obesity, and cancer. When it comes to drinking while bodybuilding, if you end up binging, you could be sabotaging your sleep, nutrition, and good intentions to work out the next day.
IT IS INTERESTING: What is the best exercise for toning stomach?
Does alcohol hurt muscle growth?
Will one beer ruin my gains?
There are no studies specifically investigating the impact of a single beer post-workout. But those who love a good post-gym drink will be happy to know evidence suggests drinking about two of your favorite brews won't undo your hard work at the gym.
Does drinking beer ruin your workout?
If your goal is increasing performance and strength, it's best to limit your alcohol intake after working out, even if you don't eliminate it entirely. Alcohol can slow your protein synthesis, the process in your body that aids muscle growth, and can increase dehydration.
Does alcohol stop muscle repair?
Does alcohol affect your game? Barnes' research on male and female athletes has found that alcohol can also increase the loss of force associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. This can affect the rate of recovery.
Can I workout drunk?
Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows you down. Your reaction time, strength, endurance, and aerobic capacity will all likely suffer, so your workout won't just be potentially dangerous — it's bound to be less than optimal. The full effects of alcohol aren't immediate.
Does drinking alcohol reduce stamina?
Alcohol depletes your body's zinc resources, which can result in a reduction in endurance.
Can you drink alcohol and be fit?
Moderate beer consumption is actually healthy, so I set out to define "moderate" as well as educate on the basics of caloric intake and caloric expenditure. The radioman was not suffering from a beer belly but an INACTIVITY BELLY! Yes, you can still drink beer and be very fit.
IT IS INTERESTING: How many pull ups does a Navy SEAL have to do?
Does alcohol reduce stamina?
Alcohol slows reaction time and impairs precision, equilibrium, hand-eye coordination, accuracy, balance, judgment, information processing, focus, stamina, strength, power and speed for up to 72 hours (three days). slows recovery. Alcohol can interfere with recovery by delaying muscle repair.
Is 3 beers a day too much?
Can one night of drinking ruin my diet?
The truth is that, even if you eat super healthy most of the time, too much alcohol can hinder your weight loss and can even lead to weight gain.
Is beer good for muscle growth?
Alcohol and Testosterone
An increase in circulating testosterone, of about 17%, has been seen in both young men who drank a little (about 2 beers for a 150-pound person). However, such a small boost—more variation is seen from day to day or even within the same day—is unlikely to help boost your muscle growth.
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CyRSV Synonyms: white clover virus
In Cymbidium spp., the virus causes slight chlorotic ring-mottle; it intensifies the symptoms induced by cymbidium mosaic virus when present in mixed infections. In Trifolium repens it produces chlorotic flecks and mottling with slight stunting. However, the symptoms in clover and Cymbidium are not diagnostic. Although highly contagious, the virus has apparently not become widely established in clover pastures.


Journal of Applied Physiology
Relationship of skin surface area to body mass in the immature rat: a reexamination
D. E. Spiers, V. Candas
Skin surface area (Ab) was measured in the rat beginning at birth mass and extending over a range of body mass (m) from 5.0 to 49.3 g. Area of each animal was determined using an elastic impression material. The best-fit relationship between Ab and m over the entire range of mass was Ab = 6.88m0.736. Results suggest, however, that the standard mass exponent of two-thirds, for estimating Ab of adult animals, could also be used for immature animals weighing 14 g or more. In rats weighing less than 14 g, the mass coefficient of the Meeh-Rubner equation varies with m, indicating that the two-thirds exponent is inappropriate for use with very young animals.


What word completes the analogy?
(What is an analogy?)
The best answer is frosting. The relationship between the first pair of words, DOOR and REFRIGERATOR, is that of part to whole—one word is a part or piece of the other. Therefore, the second pair of words must also have a part-to-whole relationship. Frosting is part of a cupcake.
Word Quiz
Spelling Bee
Yesterday's Analogy Quiz | Tomorrow's Analogy Quiz