text:
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The following steps to construct a line perpendicular to another segment through a point P on the segment shown in the figure below, are incorrectly randomly numbered.
Select the correct order to do the construction correctly.
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Connecting data points
Analytics is only as effective as the data it is based upon. Esploro Analytics draws on and links together information collected from billions of individual records and data silos.
- Over four and a half billion records from more than 5,000 content providers and data sources in the Ex Libris Central Index.
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- Funding: Organize funding information by grants per faculty, by funder over time, by correlation between grants and publications or citations, and more.
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- Esploro presents analysis and data in out-of-the-box or customized visualizations, suited for various types of reports.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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From World War I Document Archive
Captain of the SMS Emden, the famous commerce raiding cruiser, 1914. Born 16 June 1873, the son of a Prussian Army Colonel. Attended Gymnasium at Hannover, then at Kiel. Entered military academy at Ploen, Schleswig-Holstein, but chose to transfer to the Navy, at Easter 1891. Served on schoolship Stosch, and then on the 'cruiser-frigate' Gneisenau on a cruise to the Americas. Became signal lieutenant of battleship Baden in October 1894, and later, in the same position, on the sister ship Sachsen.
After several more ships, von Müller was promoted to Oberleutnant zur See, posted to the small cruiser (gunboat) Schwalbe. During the gunboat's deployment to German East Africa von Müller caught malaria which troubled him his whole life thereafter. He returned to Germany in 1900, served ashore for a time before becoming second gunnery officer of the battleship Kaiser Wilhelm II. His big break came when he was appointed to the staff of Admiral Prinz Heinrich von Preussen, where he was rated highly by his superiors. He was promoted to the rank of Korvettenkapitän in December 1908, and assigned to the Reichs-Marine-Amt in Berlin where he was noticed and praised by Admiral von Tirpitz.
von Müller was rewarded with a sea-going command: the light cruiser Emden in the Spring of 1913. He achieved fame and notice in both German and all the imperial powers' newspapers for his energy and skill in shelling rebellious forts at Nanking (Nanjing) along the Yangtse, and was awarded the Order of the Royal Crown Third Class with Swords. The outbreak of the Great War found Emden at the German base at Tsingtao. She departed there in the evening of 31 July 1914. On 4 August she intercepted and captured the Russian mail steamer Ryazan, the first prize taken by the Kaiserliche Marine in the Great War. The Emden then rendezvoused with Admiral Graf von Spee's squadron at Pagan in the Marianas.
During a conference von Müller proposed that one light cruiser of the squadron be dertached to raid Allied commerce in the Indian Ocean while the remainder of Graf von Spee's force continued east across the Pacific. Kapitän von Müller and Emden were given the assignment. Over the course of the next 12 weeks the Emden under von Müller achieved a reputation for both daring and chivalry that no other German ship has ever equalled. While taking fourteen prizes, the only merchant sailors killed by the Emden's guns were victims of a shore bombardment of British oil tanks at the port of Madras, India. Kapitän von Müller had taken precautions so that the line of fire would miss any civilian areas of the city. Emden also sank the Russian cruiser Zhemchug and the French destroyer Mousquet during a raid on Penang, Malaya. When the Emden was finally cornered by the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and defeated, von Müller survived and was made captive, and with the rest of his surviving captured crew, taken to Malta. (A detachment of the crew, ashore, was missed and escaped to Germany under the leadership of Kurt von Mücke, the Emden's first officer.) However, on 8 October 1916, two days after the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, he was separated from the rest of the Emden prisoners and taken to England. He escaped once, for a few hours, in 1917. The climate of England disagreed with his malaria, and he was eventually sent to the Netherlands in 1918 for treatment and as part of a humanitarian prisoner exchange. He was repatriated to Germany in October 1918.
After some considerable controversy, von Müller was awarded the Pour le Merite and finally promoted to Kapitän zur See. He retired from the Navy early in 1919 on health grounds, and setttled in Blankenburg. He was too modest to write a book giving his account of his service. He was elected to the Brunswick provincial parliament on an anti-class platform as a German National party member, and died suddenly there, probably burnt out by frequent malarial episodes, on 11 March 1923. His other major concern of the last years was the welfare of the surviving Emden crew members.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: In this course, you will learn how to machine products using Creo Parametric manufacturing tools. This course covers creating toolpaths for two axis turning machines. During the course, you will learn how to complete each phase of the manufacturing process. You will start by creating manufacturing models and configuring the manufacturing environment. This will include configuring tools, fixtures and machining operations. You will then learn how to create turning sequences, hole making sequences, and post-process cutter location (CL) data to create machine code. After completing this course, you will be able to create numerical control (NC) programs for turning machines and post-process cutter location (CL) data to create machine specific code.


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There is no doubt that remote sensing technology has created a dramatic shift in the past few years concerning how scientists and researchers gather and analyze information about the Earth. Remote sensing, the use of satellites or aircraft to gather data about objects from a distance, has an almost infinite number of applications. This kind of technology has been used to monitor the environment, map the oceans, explore the Polar Regions, and much more. Now, a form of remote sensing technology called LiDAR is being used to lead a revolution in archaeology transforming how scientists understand human activity of the past.
Changes in how archaeologists study the past are being brought about by advances in LiDAR technology. LiDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a method of remote sensing that uses light to measure varying distances to the Earth. This light is in the form of a pulsated laser, and these pulses can be used to produce exact data about the characteristics of Earth's surface. LiDAR instruments are made up mainly of a laser, a special GPS receiver, and a scanner typically attached to an airplane or helicopter for use over a wide area.
One of the places that LiDAR is having a significant impact in is the archaeological study of New England. Today, New England is heavily forested, which makes it extremely difficult for archaeologists to get a better understanding of how the region looked in colonial times. During the 1700s, New England was covered with roads, farm walls, and homesteads, but after they were largely abandoned in the 1950s, the forests grew back. Through the use of LiDAR, however, archaeologists are now able to uncover more of this 'lost' New England of subsistence farming, something many people have no idea existed.
One of the principal researchers in this archaeology revolution of New England is Katharine Johnson from the University of Connecticut. Her research using LiDAR revealed a large amount of archaeological finds in both Connecticut and Massachusetts, areas that were critical for the earliest European settlers of North America. Johnson discovered sites that weren't in any historical records, and with GPS coordinates from LiDAR, she says that she can walk into the woods and find building foundations or stone walls that no one imagined would be there. This shift in archaeology has been benefited by improvements in LiDAR technology with 1-meter (3.2 foot) resolutions now available.
Beyond New England, the application of LiDAR in archaeology has been included other areas of the world. LiDAR has been used to help researchers uncover ancient Maya buildings, roads, and other features of this civilization and even create a three-dimensional map of a Maya settlement in Belize. LiDAR has also been employed in order to get high-resolution models of Renaissance palaces, like the Salone dei Cinquecento in Florence Italy. In England, LiDAR is being used to discover new sites in the plains of Stonehenge.
Overall, the future of LiDAR in archaeology is bright. Scientists and researchers are just now discovering what this technology can do to better our understanding of past civilizations once thought as lost. On the other hand, there are limits to its application. For example, LiDAR cannot tell archaeologists much about Native Americans in the U.S. because they didn't leave behind permanent structures. For those civilizations that did, though, LiDAR is becoming a significant research tool for archaeologists around the globe.
Johnson, Katharine More Information on, and William B. Ouimet. "Rediscovering the Lost Archaeological Landscape of Southern New England Using Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)." Journal of Archaeological Science 43 (2014): 9-20. Retrieved 10 Jan. 2014: .
Vergano, Dan. ""Lost" New England Revealed by High-Tech Archaeology." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 03 Jan. 2014. Retrieved 14 Jan. 2014 .


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principle which states that two triangles are equal if they have two equal
angles and they share a common side is called: rule of isometry
geometry the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle is called: hypotenuse
- Where is
the film placed in relation to the tooth when performing bisecting angle
Along the lingual
surface of the tooth
- List two
ways to stabilize the film during bisecting angle radiography?
- Film holder
- Finger holding method
reasons why the digital method of film stabilization is least desirable?
1. Unnecessary radiation of patient's/client's hand
2. Patient/client may use excessive force to stabilize the film, causing
it to bend and distort the image
3. Patient/client may allow film to slip from its original position,
resulting in inadequate exposure of the area
4. Dental radiographer may align PID incorrectly, due to a lack of a film
holder, causing partial image or cone-cut
- How is
the vertical angulation different when using the bisecting angle technique
compared with paralleling technique?
technique, vertical angulation is directed perpendicular to the film,
whereas with bisecting technique, vertical angulation is directed
perpendicular to the imaginary bisector.
the proper direction of the central ray in the bisecting technique?
angulation of the central beam is directed perpendicular to the imaginary
- Horizontal angulation is directed through the contact areas between the
- X-ray beam has to be centered directly towards the film, to avoid
the distance between the film and tooth in the bisecting technique?
- Film must be
placed against the lingual surfaces of the tooth
- Occlusal end of the film must extend 1/8 of an inch beyond incisal edge
or occlusal surfaces
- The apical end must rest against the palatal or alveolar tissues
- What is
the result when using excessive vertical angulation with bisecting angle
the image results from excessive vertical angulation.
- What is
the result when using insufficient vertical angulation with bisecting
Elongation of the
image results from insufficient vertical angulation
the film placement for bisecting angle radiography with anterior teeth?
images are required for anterior section of the teeth, 4 for maxillary and
3 for mandibular teeth. Film with size No.1 is used. Procedure has to
begin from maxillary left side to maxillary right side, then down to
mandibular right side and finish with mandibular left side. Sequence for
1. Maxillary left canine
2. Maxillary left central and lateral incisor
3. Maxillary right central and lateral incisor
4. Maxillary right canine
5. Mandibular right canine
6. Mandibular incisors
7. Mandibular left canine
- List five
guidelines for film placement when using bisecting angle technique?
1. White side of
the film always faces the teeth
2. Anterior films are always placed vertically
3. Posterior films are always placed horizontally
4. Incisal or occlusal edge of the film has to be 1/8 of an inch extended
beyond incisal edge or occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
- What is
the major advantage of using bisecting angle radiography?
It can be used
without film holder when the anatomy of the patient precludes the use of a
- What are
some disadvantages of using bisecting angle radiography?
1. Image distortion
2. Angulation problems
3. Unnecessary exposure
- What is
the position of the identification dot when bisecting angle radiography?
incisal edge or occlusal surfaces of the tooth.
size film is used most often when performing bisecting angle radiography
on an adult?
film No.1, for posteriors film No.2
- What is
the direction of the central ray when using bisecting angle technique?
Central ray has
to be positioned centrally to the examined area so the film is positioned
in the middle of the central ray. Central ray has to be parallel to the imaginary
technique is preferred for exposure of periapical films?
technique is preferred to the bisecting technique for exposure of
periapical films and should be used whenever possible.


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Nuclear Technology / Volume 181 / Number 2 / February 2013 / Pages 303-316
Technical Paper / Reactor Safety/Reprocessing
In a reprocessing plant, the various and many accidents identified related to mechanical processes, chemical processes, and storage facilities have to be assessed to know the total risk of the plant. To assess the individual risks of so many potential accidents efficiently and effectively, we have developed a simplified quantitative method called quantitative safety assessment (QSA), based on our experience in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant and with reference to the integrated safety analysis used in the United States for fuel cycle facilities. Our method not only includes such PRA features as quantifiability of the results and comparability of risk importance of the contributors to accident sequences but also offers the new features of simplified presentation and easy traceability. The designation of important safety structures, systems, components, and personnel activities is thus facilitated through the use of the results of this method. In this paper, the deployment of the QSA method is demonstrated using an example of a criticality accident in a plutonium partition process.


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PSpice Optimizer is an optimization program used to improve performance of circuits including analog, mixed analog, and digital circuits. Optimization is defined as the process by which different design parameters are fine-tuned in order to see the expected or ideal performance. This program is able to run optimizations, explore performance tradeoffs and fit model parameters. A working design which does not have multiple states or cases is a prerequisite for this program. This is not intended for initial creation of working design.
PSpice Optimizer automatically simulates and calculates for the best option in an electronic working design. For instance, a user would like to check the best way by which he can drive a current of 1 milliampere through a diode using a 15 voltage source and resistor in a series circuit. The user can opt to do the calculations manually but this would be highly inefficient given the many options he could do to tweak and fine-tune the design. If the recommendation, which came up does not satisfy the user's needs, then he can still change the variable and parameters then recalculate. PSpice is able to perform optimizations for both constrained and constrained problems with either a single or multiple objective functions.


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Definition: Kaizen costing is a technique of controlling the cost incurred over unproductive activities and resources which does not add any value to the organization. In simple words, it is a practical approach to solving cost-related problems to improve the overall efficiency of the organization.
Kaizen costing is implemented in business organizations to manage different types of costs in a business:
The cost of the supply chain, including administration, order procurement, inventory and transportation costs can be controlled through kaizen costing. It regulates all the cost incurred in the production of goods or services, including the cost of machinery, tools, labour, raw material and other equipment.
Cost of acquiring a patent, license, registration fees, hiring of chartered accountant and all other legal formalities require kaizen costing. At the same time, it is also applicable at the time of redesigning of any product which involves cost on research, analysis, hiring of expert personnel, etc.
Human resource is another essential arena which is covered by this technique. It functions to manage the cost of hiring skilled employees, their training and development and retention.
With the help of kaizen costing, the wastage of raw material and time of the labour can be controlled by improving the business operations. The organization also incurs cost on disposal of the waste or defective products. Kaizen costing provides a solution through reusability of the waste and improving the production efficiency to reduce the manufacturing of faulty products.
Thus we can say that the cost of product promotion, advertisement, dispatch, selling and distribution, transportation, recruitment of marketing staff, etc. can all be monitored through kaizen costing.
Content: Kaizen Costing
Types of Kaizen Costing
Kaizen costing can be on a mass level for any fixed asset or the whole organization. Or it can be product-based, i.e., transforming the product or its process of manufacturing. Let us understand each of these types in details below:
- Asset Specific: The asset and organization-specific kaizen costing focuses on the need for a particular deal or the business unit.
- Product Specific: The activity which is project or product-oriented, aiming at value analysis is termed as product-specific kaizen costing.
5S in Kaizen Costing
Workplace improvement, especially in the production or manufacturing unit, is not possible without the application of 5S kaizen technique. It involves the following five steps:
The first step in the 5S approach is categorizing the items based on their necessity. The unnecessary items should be labelled red and needs to be moved out of the organization. These items can be sold to the staff or as scrap else can be dumped by the organization.
Now, the organization is left with essential items. These have to be arranged in an orderly manner for simplifying the operations. This step improves the visibility, availability and accessibility of all the tools and items.
Shine here refers to maintaining cleanliness in the workplace. It creates a positive work environment for the employees.
One of the most vital tasks is to establish standards for cleanliness, usability and maintaining the placement of items in day to day business operations.
The final step is to communicate and educate the employees about the changes made. Thus, developing a sense of self-control and discipline among them to maintain and follow the set standards.
Kaizen Costing Process
Now that we know about the kaizen costing, you must be wondering How is kaizen costing applied in real life?
To elaborate on the step by step procedure of practising the kaizen costing to enhance the efficiency of the business operations, read below:
Involve Your Employees: The involvement of employees plays a vital role in implementing any change. The participation of employees and their feedback helps in generating ideas and information. It also eliminates the resistance to change from their side.
Find Problems: The organization together with its employees of all the departments (such as customer support, finance, human resource, production, design, etc.), needs to find out the various problems in the organization with the help of techniques like 360-degree feedback.
Think and Find Solutions: The next step is solving the identified problems. This step needs a lot of brainstorming and tactical approach; therefore, managers form a team of ingenious employees to find out a practical solution to each question.
Implement: Implementing any change involves cost and risk simultaneously. Therefore to be on a safer side, the new idea must be testified on a small part of the organization.
Check: The managers need to look after the proper implementation of the kaizen costing. That is, a new idea should not just remain in words; instead, it should be practically applied to the business process.
Standardize: After being satisfied with the results, the organization needs to set this change as a standard procedure for all the departments and across the whole organization.
Repeat: A standardized procedure becomes the organizational culture when continuously practised over a period.
Advantages of Kaizen Costing
When we talk about the benefits of kaizen costing, the first thing that clicks in our mind is that it improves business efficiency by reducing the various types of cost involved in running an organization.
The various advantages of kaizen costing are as follows:
- Customer Satisfaction: The kaizen costing is a customer-oriented technique which focusses on providing better service to the consumers.
- Forming Work Teams: Every employee involved in the implementation of the kaizen practice needs to perform in a work team with a common aim of improvement.
- Continuous Improvement: Kaizen costing is a technique which emphasizes on improvement and betterment of the product, process, project and the organization.
- Creates Better Work Environment: It also promotes a positive work environment for the employees and the management. Like, sharing canteen and the dress code, is a part of work culture in many organizations.
- Problem Solving: One of the crucial functions of kaizen costing is to solve the identified problem to achieve perfection in business operations.
- Promotes Cross-Functional Teams: The teams so formed include employees with different skills and knowledge; thus, this technique encourages the formation of a cross-functional team.
- Widely Applicable: Kaizen costing is universally applicable to all kinds of organizations, whether it is service industry or manufacturing industry.
- Reduces Wastage: Due to better time management and material management in kaizen costing technique, the wastage of time and resources can be avoided.
Drawbacks of Kaizen Costing
Kaizen costing is a positive change process though there are some severe disadvantages of it which makes it a risky affair. Following are some of these:
- The burden on Lower Level Management: It becomes confusing and tedious for the bottom level management to adopt the change in process or product so implemented through kaizen costing.
- Lack of Training: Kaizen costing requires a lot of expertise and training, and if not implemented strategically, it may even lead to adverse effects.
- Permanent Change System: The change so implemented through kaizen costing is irreversible, and it requires a lot of efforts and cost in withdrawing such decisions.
Nestle is one of the most renowned foods and beverage company producing a wide range of products including baby food, dairy products, medical food, tea and coffee, snacks, confectionery, ice-creams, mineral water and many more.
The company used the kaizen costing technique for attaining lean production, and the approach was stated as Nestle Continuous Excellence (NCE).
In this process, Nestle addressed its problem of wastage and time consumed in the production to improve the efficiency of the company. Less wastage means incurring a low cost, better profit margin, high output and proper utilization of resources.
Nestle was able to reduce wastage in the production of FMCG and also successfully decreased the time consumed in the manufacturing of the products.


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This Scheme consisted of following sub-projects:
- Upgrade the capacity of Mutton Island WWTW including preparation of an EIS.
- Assess the existing sewerage network with regard to structural condition, hydraulic condition, infiltration and operation of Storm Overflows.
- Prepare outline proposals for Sewerage Rehabilitation of the network so as to improve the operation of the overall Sewerage System and to provide capacity to cater for new developments.
- Prepare outline proposals to extend the sewerage network to cater for new development in areas not currently served with a Sewerage Infrastructure.
- Development of a Wastewater Treatment Strategy for Galway City Council and Galway County Council for implementation over a 20 year period, in a short, medium and long term structure. This includes proposal for a new Galway East Wastewater Treatment Plant.
- Development of guideline Water Drainage Policies.
Manhole Surveying and CCTV Surveying
USA LTD undertook the contract for Manhole Surveying and CCTV Surveying the sewers for this project. CCTV Survey work commenced in 2004. In total the following was surveyed:
As a result of the CCTV Surveys carried out on the manholes and pipelines a proposal for Sewer Rehabilitation and Manhole Rehabilitation was outlined by USA ltd.


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WASHINGTON - If you're avoiding cozily snuggling up this Valentine's Day because of the flu, there may be bad news. Keeping your distance may not be enough.
Scientists at the Wake Forest School of medicine found that someone sick with the flu can send infected particles flying as far as 6 feet. This is farther than previously thought.
The New York Times reports that researchers at the school looked at 94 sick people with flulike symptoms. As part of their research, they collected air samples after patients had coughed or sneezed.
Sixty-one of the six individuals tested positive for the flu and nearly half, 26 people, sent those particles into the air. The sickest fifth of patients released 32 times more of the virus than the rest. Researchers found anyone within 6 feet was exposed.
The results of the study were published in The Journal of Infestious Diseases.
WTOP's Del Walters contributed to this report. Follow _USER_ on Twitter.
© 2013 WTOP. All Rights Reserved.
Meet the newest liligers - mom's a liger and dad's a lion. (Photos)
The pope invited a teen with Down Syndrome up to his car for a spin.
What can happen to you when you don't get enough sleep.
Sage Moonblood, Pilot Inspektor, Diva Thin Muffin. The list goes on.


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Food, poverty and climate change: an agenda for rich-country leaders
- 471.4 KB
The year 2008 is halfway to the deadline for reaching the Millennium Development Goals. Despite some progress, they will not be achieved if current trends continue. Aid promises are predicted to be missed by $30bn, at a potential cost of 5 million lives. Starting with the G8 meeting in Japan, rich countries must use a series of high-profile summits in 2008 to make sure the Goals are met, and to tackle both climate change and the current food crisis. Economic woes must not be used as excuses: rich countries' credibility is on the line.


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The random variables $X$ and $Y$ have a joint density function given by; $$f(x,y)= \begin{cases} Kxy,\quad &0\leq x\leq 1,\; 0\leq y\leq 1,\\ 0,&\text{otherwise}. \end{cases} $$
Determine $K$ and find the density functions of the random variables $Z = \max(X,Y)$ and $T = \min(X, Y )$.
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The time might have come to recall that, in order to get the best possible answers, it is helpful if you say in what context you encountered the problem, and what your thoughts on it are; this will prevent people from telling you things you already know, and help them give their answers at the right level. Also, many find the use of imperative ("Prove", "Solve", etc.) to be rude when asking for help; please consider rewriting your post (and several very recent similar ones you posted in rapid succession on the site). – Did Dec 15 '12 at 15:09
This and your other recent questions do not fall under the category probability-theory. – Stefan Hansen Dec 15 '12 at 15:22
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1 Answer
Recall that for some $f(x, y)$ to be a joint density function, two things must be satisfied:
 1. $f(x, y)$ must be non-negative for all $x, y$.
 2. The area under $f(x, y)$ must be 1.
The first part is easily satisfied by noting that $K$ must be non-negative.
The second part can be satisfied by setting the integral of $f(x, y)$ to 1:
$$\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}\int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x, y)\,\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y = 1$$
Which can be simplified to:
$$\int\limits_{0}^{1}\int\limits_{0}^{1}Kxy\,\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y = 1$$
At this point it shouldn't be difficult to solve for $K$.
For the $\max$ and $\min$ questions, you could observe that
$$\max(a, b) = \begin{cases}a\quad a\ge b,\\b\quad \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{cases}$$ $$\min(a, b) = \begin{cases}a\quad a\le b,\\b\quad \mathrm{otherwise}.\end{cases}$$
which ought to help.
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Benjamin Franklin: In Search of a Better World
Benjamin Franklin: In Search of a Better World is a traveling exhibition based upon a larger exhibition of the same name developed by the Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary, a nonprofit educational alliance in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Based on original documents in the collections of many Philadelphia institutions such as the American Philosophical Society, The Franklin Institute, the Library Company of Philadelphia, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and the University of Pennsylvania, and other museums and libraries across the country, the exhibit examines the remarkable life and achievements of one of America's most beloved personalities. Franklin was a diplomat, scientist, entrepreneur, inventor, humorist and philanthropist whose wisdom and wit continue to inspire and entertain us more than three hundred years after his birth.
The exhibit consisting of six sections of colorful, freestanding photo-panels incorporating representations of artifacts from the original Franklin exhibition, and a new text written by the curator, Page Talbott.
The exhibit was organized by the Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary, Philadelphia, and the American Library Association (ALA) Public Programs Office, Chicago.


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It is important to carefully monitor and control the manufacturing variables of refractories to ensure that products of uniform and consistent quality are produced and shipped. I would like to remind refractory manufacturers and users about sonic testing, a quick and simple quality assurance method that has been available for decades. I learned about sonic testing in the '70s and have used it since then for a wide variety of refractory evaluation purposes.1, 2, 3
Sonic testing provides a fast, easy method of quantitatively documenting several common sense principles. Sound waves travel faster through a refractory structure that is denser and stronger, i.e., the sonic velocity (m/sec or ft/sec) is greater in a denser/stronger brick. The presence of pores, voids, cracks, laminations and non-refractory inclusions (such as bolts, wood, cigarettes, rubber, etc.) directly affect the propagation of sound and can be detected.
Additionally, if a refractory has uniform as-manufactured properties, the sonic velocity should be consistent/equivalent at any place and in any direction (e.g., through the thickness). If there is a significant difference in the sonic readings in different locations/regions, it is likely that there are internal defects and/or property differences, indicating that the quality is less than optimum.
Earlier this year, a company was experiencing inconsistent performance of its 12-in.-long SiC nozzles, which are a critical component in the company's control of molten metal flow. The nozzle manufacturer told the company that the nozzles, which are made by hand ramming, were uniform and consistent as-manufactured. But, without the need for destructive testing of these expensive pieces, manual sonic testing confirmed that was not the case. Specifically, the sonic results showed that five of the nozzles were probably acceptable (>27,000-24,300 ft/sec), while four were outside that range (down to 22,500 ft/sec).
Another recent case involved a company that experienced a significant reduction in the life of direct-bonded MgO-Cr2O3 bricks in its metal-melting operations. Various possibilities for the reduced refractory life were considered, including non-destructive sonic testing of bricks from several manufacturers. Manual sonic testing indicated that some bricks were unacceptable, with internal cracks and/or intra-brick property variations (e.g., the end of a brick, which is the hot, working face in service, is more porous and has lower strength than the middle of the brick). Sonic testing, along with confirming physical tests, revealed that brick quality was one possible factor in the lining life reduction. Better monitoring and control of the refractories has been implemented to improve the situation.
Despite the many applications and proven benefits of sonic testing of refractories, it has not been widely used. Several drawbacks have been cited, including the fact that the results are operator-sensitive. Manual sonic testing is directly affected by the contact pressure that a person applies with the two (input and receiving) transducers. However, operators with proper training and experience can obtain meaningful results. Additionally, sonic testing can be fully automated to eliminate the human factor. Automated sonic testing has been used for years to document refractory quality, e.g., 100% testing of critical components, such as slide gates for flow control of molten steel.
Some people say that the method is too slow and messy, because a coupling medium (grease, Vaseline, etc.) is needed between the test piece and the transducers. This argument is invalid, however, because the coupling requirement can be accomplished using a thin layer of dry, compressible material such as a denture adhesive on the transducers.
In addition to the sonic equipment that has been available for several decades, ongoing R&D has further enhanced the equipment and procedure.4,5 But a major need that remains is the ability to use sonic testing to non-destructively confirm the quality and properties of monolithic (cast/gunned) refractories in-situ, as-installed, and after curing and heat treatment.
1. C.E. Semler and F. Aly, Bull. Amer. Ceram. Soc.
, 64 (12) _PHONE_, 1985.
2. C.E. Semler, Proceedings, Intl. Symp. Refr., Hangzhou, China, 1988.
3. C.E. Semler, Proceedings, UNITECR '95, Kyoto, Japan, 1995.
4. T.J. Carneim, et al, Bull. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 78 (4) 88-94, 1999.
5. H. Kautz, NASA-Glenn Res. Ctr., Photonic Tech Briefs, July 2000, p. 18a.


text:
DistributionRead full entry
Mantled howler monkeys are found in southern Mexico (the states of Veracruz, Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Tabasco), from Honduras in Central America to Colombia and western Ecuador in South America, and possibly in southern Guatemala where some unconfirmed sightings have been reported (Reid 1997, Cortes-Ortiz et al. 1996). This range includes most forest habitats that lie between sea level and 2500 meters (Reid 1997).
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )


text:
Bitter, slightly sweet and cold
Lung and stomach
1. To clear heat and promote the production of body fluids; 2. To reduce swelling and dispel pus
1. Thirst in febrile diseases. Trichosanthes root (Tian Hua Fen) is used with Glehnia root (Sha Shen), Ophiopogon root (Maidong), and Reed root (Lu Gen).2. Extreme thirst in diabetes. Trichosanthes root (Tianhuafen) is used with Pueraria root (Ge Gen), Schisandra fruit (Wu Wei Zi) and Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu).3. Dry cough due to lung heat. Trichosanthes root (Tianhuafen) is used with Mulberry bark (Sang Bai Pi), Tendrilled fritillary bulb (Chuan Bei Mu) and Platycodon root (Jie Geng).4. Boils and carbuncles. Trichosanthes root (Tianhuafen) is used with fritillary bulb (Chuanbeimu) and Honeysuckle flower (Jin Yin Hua).
This herb should be used with caution during pregnancy.


text:
In Seychelles, species include legless caecilians (a wormlike amphibian), Seychelles paradise flycatchers, Seychelles magpie-robins (Copsychus sechellarum
), Seychelles sheath-tailed bat (Coleura seychellensis
), Seychelles kestrel (Falco araea
), Seychelles swiflet (Collocalia elaphra
), Seychelles wild vanilla orchid, stilt palm, Seychelles pitcher plant, and one of the rarest plants in the world, the jellyfish tree - with a total population of less than 30, it was thought to be extinct until rediscovered in 1970. The forests of the Seychelles are also home to the extraordinary Coco de Mer palm (Lodoicea maldivica
), with the world's largest nut - coco-de-mer, or sea coconut that weighs in at about 22.5 kilograms!
On Réunion, species include Réunion cuckoo-shrike (Coracina newtoni
), Réunion stone chat (Saxicola tectes
), and Olivaceous bulbul (Hypsipetes borbonicus
). On Mauritius the Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus
) has been successfully bred in captivity for reintroduction, and the pink pigeon (Columba mayeri
) is also found there. Unique reptiles and amphibians include the endemic frog family, Sooglossidae
With about 152,000 individuals, Aldabra has the largest population of these giant tortoises (Dipsochelus gigantea
) in the world. This ecoregion is also home to the very last known population of flightless birds in the western Indian Ocean, and it provides valuable breeding areas for both marine turtles
and seabirds. Also found here are the plump Aldabra white-throated rails, the last living representative of several species of Indian Ocean flightless birds.


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According to BC Stats:
Small Business is defined as those businesses with fewer than 50 employees plus businesses operated by self-employed individuals without paid help
98% of all businesses in BC are considered small
82% of all small businesses have less than 5 employees
The entire province of BC has 6,700 employers with more than 50 employees
When speaking of property taxes, many politicians look to the idea of differentiating between large and small businesses because they perceive there to be more public support for higher taxes for large business. Although we understand and appreciate the well intended objectives of this proposal, we see a number of difficulties with the concept of creating two business classes from the current one.
It should be understood that property tax is a tax on land and improvement value and is the responsibility of the landowner to pay. When the landowner leases the use of his or her property it is for a net rent and because the tenant is using the property as if they had ownership for the term of the lease they are responsible for all costs associated with the property. That includes property tax and is regardless of the type of tenant renting.
Although the tenant usually pays the property taxes the liability for the tax lies with the land owner. So having a different property tax for small and large businesses will mean that the land owner's property taxes will change dramatically according to the type of tenant she has. Therefore there will be an incentive for the land owner to favour the small business tenant with the lower property taxes. When there is a vacancy some authority will have to determine if a small or large business tax rate is to apply to the property and thus the land owner.
The definition of a small business
A major problem with introducing a small business class is how to define a small business and a 'large business.' Is it measured in terms of total space occupied, gross sales, net assets, profits, number of employees or other factors? A large property may contain one large business or many small businesses. A small property may be one of many small properties owned by one landowners or a pension fund.
If, for example, there are two coffee shops in your neighbourhood and one belongs to a multi-national chain and one is an independent owner. Would it be fair for one to have substantially higher taxes than the other? They may both enjoy the similar sales, the same number of employees and perhaps the same rent. Is the public's interest being served when your neighbourhood encourages small businesses to prosper but ignores the convenience and service of large businesses who may be discouraged to locate locally? Banks, large format grocery stores or restaurant chains for example, might be desired in a neighbourhood for their convenience but may be discouraged by high property taxes.
Big buildings do not necessarily mean big businesses. May multi-story buildings in downtown Vancouver are home to many small businesses.
Consider two otherwise identical high-rise office buildings. One building may be occupied by a single company while the other is occupied by numerous small businesses, each renting a share of a large property. Should one property enjoy lower taxes simply because there are many small tenants rather than one large tenant in the building? If a small business class were to be created, would a retailer that had five small stores still be considered a "small business"?
Equity among small businesses and other businesses
Using square footage or assessed value as a criterion for defining a "small business" would by itself create significant unintended consequences and inequities.
The high occupancy levels we see throughout the City of Vancouver suggests that when small businesses leave or cease to be in business, the space they vacate is subsequently occupied either by other small businesses or by large businesses. Assisting all small businesses does not address the specific impacts on individual businesses.
Businesses provide employment regardless of their size or profitability. They also provide services and goods that are essential to a thriving community. Businesses must also pay for services that are provided by the municipality whether it is police or fire protection or sewers and roads. To require that businesses be responsible for more than a fair share of property taxes can be disastrous to the economic health of a community.


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TV sets, computers and smartphones are hard to find in Sangano, Malawi, but farmers here are using an age-old mass communication tool to learn the tricks of their trade: radio.
In a country where the vast majority of the population lives off the land, scores of smallholders in rural communities tune in to Farm Radio Malawi to get valuable information and share ideas on how to improve their yields -- from fertilizing techniques and cultivation tips to harvesting practices and weather forecasts.
"Most of our farmers... are illiterate," says Rex Chapota, executive director at Farm Radio Malawi. "They're not able to read newspapers or pamphlets or booklets, and even televisions are not out there in the community. So radio is actually the only source of critical information to our farmers and statistics are showing right now that over 60% of the rural populace at least own a radio."
Farm Radio Malawi is one of the partner stations of Farm Radio International, a non-profit organization that's been teaming up with African radio broadcasters since the late 1970s.
The Canada-based group offers its hundreds of partners in sub-Saharan Africa a wide array of resources, including a weekly electronic news service and an online community that connects broadcasters across the continent.
It also researches and writes radio scripts covering issues such as crop production, farm management and community health. The scripts, which are offered for free, are translated in local languages and read in 38 countries, according to the group.
In rural parts of Malawi, farmers often gather at radio listening clubs to tune in and discuss what they've heard.
"The issue of radio listeners' clubs is very critical to our model," says Chapota. "We do understand that when farmers come together in a group to listen together to a radio program, thereafter they are able to discuss and dialogue on what they've listened to and then they're able to use that in their various fields," he adds.
Malawi, a landlocked country in southeastern Africa, has one of the largest rural populations in the continent. Agriculture accounts for about 80% of the country's labor force, which is which is why local farm programming can make a big difference in people's lives.
"Right now we are promoting groundnut growing, not only for food, but for income," says Chapota. "So we say that if our farmers are able to produce good groundnuts, which can fetch good prices at the market, then that is very beneficial to their income security."


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In Danger of Extinction: Many military bases use the desert as a practice area and people drive off-road vehicles killing the wildlife and crushing baby desert tortoises. The population dropped 90% since 1980, just in the Mojave Desert. The desert tortoises were considered "threatened" species in the California state Endangered Species Act in 1989 and the federal Endangered Species Act in 1990. Disease is also a big factor in the decline of desert tortoise population. A disease called Upper Respiratory Tract Disease. If an ill tortoise leaves scat and another eats it, that tortoise is now affected with the disease. Population goes down hill when the habitat of these animals are destroyed also. Vandalism is another problem. When vandalizing ones area there becomes less of it because it can't survive without it's everyday things.
Desert tortoises. Adult and baby.
and Media Sources:


Question: What Does Beneficial Mean?
What does it mean to be beneficial to someone?
(sometimes foll by to) causing a good result; advantageous.
law entitling a person to receive the profits or proceeds of propertya beneficial interest in land..
What does not beneficial mean?
: not beneficial : harmful.
What is the root of beneficial?
It comes straight from Latin, and Italians use it as often as we use "good;" it can mean "fine," "okay," "yummy," or "kind and well behaved." Bene gives us beneficial, but also benefit, beneficent, benevolent and more well-meaning words.
What is a beneficial friend?
A beneficial friend is some one u can make-out wiht and still have a boyfriend/girlfriend and youv can conifined in them with stuff but you also have to trust them! Beneficial friend today is used among us teenagers and some times with adults! Its practicly a boyfriend but not really!
What does beneficial mean in a sentence?
Definition of Beneficial. helpful or good to something or someone. Examples of Beneficial in a sentence. 1. The vitamins he took were beneficial to his health.
Does beneficial mean good?
Helpful or good to something or someone. Recycling and reusing garbage can be beneficial to the environment. The definition of beneficial is something that has a positive effect or achieves a good result. … Producing or promoting a favorable result; advantageous.
Is beneficial to or for?
"For" as a preposition answers "for what", while "to" answers "to whom," so if you have an object of a preposition like Jane or something like that, you'll probably use "to" (e.g., it's beneficial to Jane VS it's beneficial for the building).
How do you use the word beneficial?
Beneficial sentence examplesRolling the land is beneficial to young crops. … The ladybugs were beneficial insects, eating the pesky aphids. … These results would prove to be beneficial to the community. … The doctor said it was beneficial bacteria. … They were beneficial organisms and were allowing pathogens to thrive.More items…
What is beneficial owner?
What is another word for not beneficial?
What is another word for not beneficial?nonpayingprofitlessunsuccessfulunprofitableworthlessunproductivefutileuselessvainfruitless13 more rows
How do you identify a beneficial owner?
The test to identify beneficial ownership You must determine who owns more than 25 percent of the customer and who has effective control of the customer, and also those persons on whose behalf a transaction is conducted.
Who are not beneficial owners?
What does beneficial mean in a relationship?
Mutually beneficial relationships mean you both enjoy the perks of such a relationship without a long list of commitments.
Is more beneficial grammatically correct?
much more beneficial vs much beneficial. A complete search of the internet has found these results: much more beneficial is the most popular phrase on the web.
Is a CEO a beneficial owner?


text:
A Political Ecology of Latin American Forests Through Time
Auroi, C. & Helg, A, Latin America _PHONE_: Dreams and Legacies, Imperial College Press, pp. 241-267, June 2012
27 Pages Posted: 13 Oct 2013 Last revised: 16 Oct 2013
Date Written: 2012
Despite the establishment of conservation mechanisms and indigenous lands, Latin America has lost 10% of its forests in 20 years from 1990 to 2010. All of its great forest ecoregions are threatened: the Amazon, the Cerrado, the Gran Chaco, the Yungas, and the Meso-American Corridor. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the forests in Latin America, their importance in the collective imaginary and in contemporary economies, the ways they are being governed through mechanisms of conservation and indigenous lands, and an overview of different dynamics of land conversion. Political ecology and environmental history show a fundamental conflict between on one side a predatory vision of the forests, and on the other side a more sustainable management.
Keywords: Latin America, Forests, Political ecology, Governance, History, Deforestation
JEL Classification: Q15, Q23, Q28, Q32
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


Grammar Lesson of the Day: because
Grammar Lesson of the Day: because.
Some years ago I began to notice that my college freshmen had all gotten a very strange idea. They had been taught that one must never begin a sentence with the word because. I have no idea where high school teachers came up with this one. It is like alligators in the Manhattan sewers, or aliens landing in Roswell. Some kook huddled in a condemned building says it, and all at once everybody "knows" it, though it is not in the slightest bit true.
There's nothing special about the word because. It's a subordinating conjunction, like a hundred others. Any of them may begin a sentence – so long as it's a sentence they are beginning. A sentence, whether it begins with because or if or since or although or whenever or while or whatever or whatever, requires a main clause. This is not a sentence:
Because I could not stop for death.
But it's because it lacks a main clause. Let Emily Dickinson supply one:
The "rule" that the teachers have promulgated, besides being in itself utterly absurd, reveals something about all the other grammatical rules and "rules" that our students learn (or "learn"). That is, since grammar is no longer taught systematically, as a coherent discipline that makes sense of how we make sense, it disintegrates into a set of arbitrary directives, some of them incorrect at that, each separate from the other, without rhyme or reason. It is why I say that, unless they've studied Latin or German, none of my college freshmen has been taught grammar.
In any case, why would you want to begin with because? Well, you might want to emphasize the main clause, leaving it to the end, if that contains the idea you are going to develop. That's what Emily Dickinson wanted to do; she wanted to focus on Death's stopping by to give her a ride. But maybe you want to emphasize the material in the subordinate clause. Then you will probably place it after the main clause:
We're off to see the Wizard,
The wonderful Wizard of Oz!
We hear he is a whiz of a wiz
If ever a wiz there was!
If ever if ever a wiz there was
The Wizard of Oz is one because
Because because because because because –
Because of the wonderful things he does!
We're off to see the Wizard,
The wonderful Wizard of Oz!
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 - Jamie
 Could this be a lack of trust on the part of the professors? I was once told by a pediatrician (no longer our pediatrician) not to kiss my baby's face. As if I could stop. I'm sure she meant "please don't kiss your baby's face if you have pneumonia, or if you have crumbs in your mustache, or if you have just inhaled cigarette smoke." But she can't trust a non-professional bumbling mother or father to understand all the exceptions, so to be safe, she just laid down the law for all time. I imagine that professors find it easier to say "don't start a sentence with because, alright?" than to explain what a sentence fragment is.
 - Tony
 I don't think so, Jamie. It isn't professors who gave out that advice, but schoolteachers. I think they do not know what they are talking about. It's just flat ignorance.
 - Nancy de Flon
 Tony, part of the problem is that not only has none of your freshmen been taught grammar, but also, if you consider the age of many high school and elementary school teachers, they have probably not taught grammar either. We have a situation parallel to that in the Church in which religious ed is being taught to kids by uncatechized catechists. We are hurtling toward a cultural Dark Age.
 - Victor Gallerano
 It seems to me that there is less here than meets the eye: Our fourth graders are taught that they should not begin a sentence with because because they are just coming to terms with simple sentences. Subordination of clauses is too abstract to make sense at that level. In 6th and 7th grade, we correct that notion. "We are moving on, class, now you are able to understand why and how to use a subordinate clause (whether begun by because or some other subordinate conjunction). In the late 7th and 8th grades we teach the various rhetorical values of the syntactical choices one makes in writing.
 I can't speak for "all" your freshmen (really???) but, perhaps some of them weren't listening in the 6th grade when we corrected the because rule. (Has their listening gotten any better, by the way?)
 At any rate, this level of grammar is appropriate to grammar, not high school. The only time grammar is taught "systematically" in high school is during 9th grade when they are trying to re-mediate any gaps or weaknesses in the new freshmen. Needless to say, 9th grade goes to the low-man on the teaching totem pole…and usually the one with gaps and weaknesses of his or her own.
 - _URL_ Manny
 "why would you want to begin with because? Well, you might want to emphasize the main clause"
 Actually it emphasizes both clauses becuase it inverts the normal sequence. It gives the entire sentence a charge. If anything the first half of the Dickenson line is what's memorable to me, "Because i could not stop for death…" If she had gone with the normal sequence niether halves would be memorable.
 - _URL_ F.R. Duplantier
 Why am I responding to this article? Because I want to. And that's a perfectly grammatical, if elliptical sentence. The rules of grammar are intended for people who have no idea what they're doing, to help them make a better impression and avoid embarrassing themselves too much. They're like paint-by-number canvases or Arthur Murray dance lessons. No one who's any good at anything pores over rule books.


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This study revealed the importance of SO4 2− ions during biogenic scorodite crystallization via a two-stage As-removal process, using a combination of liquid and solid analyses (chemical digestion, FT-IR, SEM, TG-DTA, particle distribution). The first-stage As-removal was induced by microbial oxidation of Fe2+ and As(III), precipitating SO4 2−-bearing amorphous precursors composed of basic ferric sulfate (MFex(SO4)y(OH)z) and ferric arsenate (FeAsO4·(2 + n)H2O). This was followed by an induction period (a period of constant concentration), where dissolution-recrystallization of unstable amorphous precursors proceeded: Re-dissolved metal ions became locally concentrated on the surface of precursors, which gave the driving force for the second-stage As-removal as secondary layers of crystalline biogenic scorodite (Fe(AsO4)0.94(SO4)0.08·1.69H2O) out of even more dilute and seeded solution. This phase transformation process was also accompanied by continuous dehydration. This two-stage As-removal via SO4 2−-mediated phase transformation was shown to be key to promote biogenic scorodite formation with greater final As-removal from dilute As(III)-bearing solutions.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
- Metals and Alloys
- Materials Chemistry


text:
Date of Award
Master of Science (MS)
Dr. Delphine Dean, Committee Chair
Dr. Marian Kennedy, Co-Committee Chair
Dr. Melinda Harman
Micropatterning on a surface using fibers, channels, and troughs, can act as an effective means of inducing cell attachment and alignment. These morphological and pattern changes as a response to physical cues can impact the potential that a cell has to differentiate into a different cell line. This thesis evaluated the response of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and other cell types, to spider dragline silk fibers, a potential scaffold material for tissue regeneration, and further observed the effects of morphology, orientation, and composition of silk on the adherence of cells. Several cell lines were studied in this thesis, including adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), osteoblasts (7F2s), and fibroblasts (3T3s), but DPSCs were the main cell type of interest. This is due to the fact that DPSCs are a proposed source of stem cells for nerve regeneration based on their close embryonic origin to neurons and the ease with which DPSCs can be obtained from a donor. The cells' morphologies and spread patterns were characterized after they were plated onto Nephila clavipes dragline fibers in media. The inclusion of 3T3s and 7F2s in this study allowed for both direct comparisons to prior published work and a qualitative comparison to the morphology of the DPSCs. After twelve days, the DPSCs exhibited greater relative alignment and adherence to the spider dragline fibers than the 3T3s and 7F2s when silk was wrapped in an aligned orientation rather than a random orientation. The impact of a common sterilization method (ultraviolet light) on the spider dragline fiber surface and subsequent cell response to this modified surface was also characterized. Exposure of the silk to ultraviolet light did not have a measureable effect on cell alignment, but it did eliminate bacterial growth and changed fiber surface roughness. Spiders' exposure to stressful environments did not have an effect on silk to impair cell alignment or adhesion, and synthetic recombinant protein silk fibers did not act as a scaffold for cell adhesion or alignment. However, cells remained viable and proliferative in recombinant silk hydrogels, suggesting that surface characteristics and large diameter had a negative impact on cell interaction on "˜synthetic' silk fibers. In all cases, natural drawn spider silk acted as an effective scaffold for cellular adhesion and alignment of DPSCs and could be used in neural differentiation applications. Collectively, this thesis indicates that spider silk from spiders under any extent of stress can be rendered sterile by UV radiation and act as an effective means of cellular adhesion and alignment when silk is organized in an aligned orientation.
Hafner, Katherine Lee, "Evaluating Stem Cell Response to a Spider Silk Scaffold" (2017). All Theses. 2630.


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The following examples show some basic usage of RoboDK. The examples explained in this section are available with the default RoboDK download.
The station files for each of these examples can be accessed through File->Open, then, select the appropriate example in the default library folder.
Basic pick and place simulation.
This example shows how to use Python to program a robot for pick and place.
Draw an SVG image with your robot. Include 3rd party libraries to your project.
Use your robot like a CNC. Easily import NC-code (G-code or APT) and generate robot programs.
Simulate a conveyor belt or any other mechanisms using the Python API.
Convert DXF sketch file to robot programs.
Synchronize a robot with external axes for milling.
Easily create paths for robot painting or inspection
Spot welding and drilling can be easily accomplished with RoboDK
3D printing with an industrial robot in a few steps.
Simulate 2D cameras integrated with an automated line using RoboDK.
This example shows an advanced pick and place simulation. Moving the robot and replacing the objects is accomplished through Python.
The RoboDK's Python API allows you to program any robot through Python. Additionally, you can interact with the simulator to create, modify or edit any objects or robots programmatically.
This example shows how to simulate a painting or a drawing application with RoboDK.
The robot is programmed to draw an SVG image. The drawing simulation is achieved using the Python API and a reference object "pixel" that is added to the board as the robot moves.
A 3rd party Python library is used to convert the SVG image to robot coordinates.
The robot milling feature allows you to simulate and optimize any robot path for robot milling, robot welding, robot painting or inspection. You can easily generate robot paths along curves and points included in CAD files (STEP and IGES format supported).
With RoboDK you can also convert NC-code machining programs (such as G-code and APT files) to robot programs. RoboDK automatically avoids robot singularities, joint limits and collisions.
A robot path can be generated from a DXF file. This feature is useful for paths located on a plane, such as cutting in 2D for example. In this video we use a UR10 robot and a DXF file to generate a URscript program.
External axes can be modelled and synchronized with the robot. This example uses an ABB robot with an ABB turntable to machine a spherical object.
RoboDK can be used to generate paths along surfaces, for example, to generate zig-zag movements for painting applications or inspection. RoboDK automatically avoids robot singularities, joint limits and collisions.
Targets on a surface can also be created in a few steps (menu "Program"->"Teach targets on surface").
Spot welding can be easily accomplished. It is also possible to import points or curves in text format, as well as machining programs (NC-code: G-code, APT,...). The same utility can be used to automate drilling a set of points.
This video is a spot welding demonstration using a Kuka robot and an HMD Technology weld gun.
3D Printing with robots can be easily accomplished in a few steps using RoboDK. A 3D object (such as an STL file) can be first sliced into different layer paths, then, the 3D printing robot program can be simulated.
You can generate the appropriate program for your robot once you are satisfied with the result. In this example we use a Nachi robot to 3D print a cubic object.
Two Universal Robots and a SICK 2D inspection camera perform a palletizing task. It is very easy to simulate 2D cameras integrated with an automated line using RoboDK.
By selecting the RoboDK menu: "Connect-Simulate 2D camera" you can see a preview of the camera. The camera can be held by a robot or static in the cell.
The camera settings can be adjusted manually or through the RoboDK API using Python scripting. Camera settings such as the focal distance, field of view, working distance or sensor size can be easily adjusted. The workspace of the camera can also be displayed.


text:
Rapid Voltage Change (RVC)
A rapid voltage change is a fast rise or fall of the RMS voltage. This can be caused by the switching on of a specific load or by a sudden change in source voltage. Sudden source voltage changes can occur in solar grids when the sun is obscured by clouds. Source voltage changes can also occur in wind farms when then wind speed decreases. Load switching can cause a rapid voltage change if the rating of the load is a significant fraction of the fault level of the supply voltage.


text:
- Study at Deakin
- Campus life
- Industry and community
- About Deakin
|Unit chair:||P Haeusler|
|Note: Online teaching methods require internet access. Please refer to the most current computer specifications.|
Accountability is central to ideas and practices of effective governance but, in the face of at times quite fundamental challenges and changes, traditional modes of governance and accountability are being re-evaluated, and in important ways re-invented. This unit explores these developments in a critical and analytic manner. It locates management within its context of political, legal, fiscal and ethical accountability to diverse stakeholders. A key aim is for students to develop a critical understanding of the complex and at times competing array of accountabilities at play today, at the same time exploring ways of responding effectively, imaginatively and ethically to these demands.
Assignment equivalent to 2000 words 40%, assignment equivalent to 3000 words 60%
Unit Fee Information
Please visit fees and invoices.


text:
Here you can see a photo completely symmetrical. If we divide the picture horizontally in 2 planes, they will be the same. And if we divide the picture vertically in 2 planes, they will also be equal.
For the picture is symmetrical objects in each level are not necessarily identical. The photo below is symmetric because the elements in the picture, although not identical, are sufficiently similar and have the same visual weight to look like objects.


text:
Dictionary Results for reversal|
1. reversal - noun
· a change from one state to the opposite state; "there was a reversal of autonomic function"
2. reversal - noun
· an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating
Synonym(s): reverse, setback, blow, black_eye
Hypernym(s): happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural_event
3. reversal - noun
· turning in an opposite direction or position; "the reversal of the image in the lens"
Hypernym(s): turning, turn
4. reversal - noun
· a decision to reverse an earlier decision
Synonym(s): change_of_mind, flip-flop, turnabout, turnaround
Hypernym(s): decision_making, deciding
5. reversal - noun
· a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was incorrect and should be set aside
Hypernym(s): judgment, judgement, judicial_decision
6. reversal - noun
· turning in the opposite direction
Synonym(s): reversion, reverse, turnabout, turnaround
Hypernym(s): change_of_direction, reorientation
7. reversal - noun
· the act of reversing the order or place of
8. reversal - noun
· a major change in attitude or principle or point of view; "an about-face on foreign policy"
Synonym(s): about-face, volte-face, policy_change
or unscramble the word you need to complete that puzzle or to finish that
project or homework!
letters to unscramble the word
synonyms, antonyms and related words
word below with '?' to indicate missing letters
word to find the rhymes
letters of the beginning, middle or end of the word.


Marsmallow Fondant
Marshmallow fondant is a popular topping for sweet desserts. The substance has found a particular stronghold in the creation of white wedding cakes. Although the icing itself is white, food coloring may be added. Since cake preparations may take place several days or even weeks away from preparation of the fondant, the fondant mixture should be double-wrapped in plastic and refrigerated when stored.
Marshmallow fondant is usually rolled onto a counter and kneaded before apply it to a baked dessert. Cornstarch, shortening or oil may be placed atop the counter surface to prevent the fondant from sticking, and a preliminary layer of regular cake icing may be added to the cake beforehand. Rolled fondant base is cut into precise shapes and lengths, depending upon the size of the dessert it will cover. Once these measurements have been established, the fondant is rolled up onto a rolling pin and is then unrolled atop the dessert. Excessive icing is removed from the sides with a knife.
In addition, rolled fondant pieces may be cut and sculpted to form decorations like ribbons and flowers.
Marsmallow Fondant –
 - 250 g Marsmallows
 - 5 cups Powdered/Icing sugar
 - 1 tbsp Water
 - 2 tbsps Vegetable shortening
 1. Sift the icing sugar so it will be ready when the marsmallow is melted.
 2. Cut the Marsmallows into small pieces but I suggest to use small pieces if you can find them.
 3. Add the tbsps. of water and melt the marsmallows in the microwave or with the double boiler.
 4. Add about half of the icing sugar and keep stirring till you get a thick and sticky mixture.
 5. Make sure to wash your hands properly and spread some vegetable shortening on the working mat and on your hands so the mixture doesn't stick.
 6. Remove the sticky mixture from the bowl and place on the mat that has been well dusted with icing sugar.
 7. Add the shortening and knead till it is smooth and no longer sticky to the touch. The fondant is ready to use.
 1. Add the tbsps. of water and melt the marsmallows in the microwave for 30 seconds.
 2. Remove the bowl from the microwave and stir them.
 3. Repeat the procedure until they are completely melted.
Double Boiler:
 1. To assemble a double boiler, fill the bottom of a large pot with water and set another pot on top.
 2. You can also use a heat-resistant bowl instead.
 3. Make sure that the bottom of the upper pot or bowl is not touching the water.
 4. Add the tbsps. of water and keep stirring the marsmallows till they are completely melted.
 - For future use, roll the fondant and wrap it tightly or use an airtight plastic bag.
 - Place it in an airtight container and store in the fridge.
 - The fondant from the fridge will become hard, so let it sit at room temperature to soften and give it another knead.
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Top 3 Clients by Order Value
Compute the top 3 clients by order value according to the detailed order data. The basic train of thought is to group the orders by clients firstly, secondly sum up the total value of orders placed by each client, thirdly sort the order by the summary value, and lastly filter out the top 3 groups according to the serial numbers. In this case, the summary value sorting and filtering by the serial number is the difficult point. However, with the overall sheet design module and sorted computational module of esCalc, this point can be solved easily.
1. Get the data from the order sheet through the wizard
2. Group by client. Right-click on any cell outside the header of column B, select Quick operation->group, as shown in the below figure:
The grouping result is shown below:
3. Calculate the summary value of each client. In any cell of the summary zone, enter the summation formula, for example, enter {D3}.sum() in D2, which indicates the sum of all homo-cells of D3. Formulas will be copied and pasted to the homocells of D2 (i.e. D7, D10, and other cells) automatically, as shown in the below figure:
4. Sort by the summary value. Right-click on the cell where the summary value is located (any cell of D2, D7 or D10). Right click and select Quick operation->Desc, as shown in the below figure:
The sorting result is shown below:
5. Filter by the serial number. In the Summarizing Area (for example the cell B2), right click and select Operation->Filter, as shown in below figure:
In the dialogue, input the formula "#<=3", and # represents the serial number in this case. Because it is summary zone, the # represents "serial number of each member in the group", as shown in the below figure:
The filtered result of the computational goal, as shown in the below figure:
6. To make it more convenient for viewing, you can also click the grouping level 1 on the top left corner, as shown in the below figure:
landamman407 animalism364 undetermindtion905 hellhag238 fetich178 viticulture137 fabulist203


text:
SCienceLab introduces research to pre-college students
In a University of South Carolina laboratory, researchers in white lab coats carefully transfer tiny drops of liquid so they can study their own DNA. Nearby, fellow researchers study genetic disorders, polymer molecules and environmental contaminants.
Such studies are routine experiences for undergraduate and graduate students, but these experiments are being conducted by middleand high-school students, many of whom have never been on a college campus before.
The lab experience is part of SCienceLab, an inquiry-based program designed to augment the science curriculum in middle and high schools and give students a laboratory experience similar to one they would find at college.
Created by biology professor Dr. Bert Ely, SCienceLab recently received a $536,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health. The NIH award, one of only 17 Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) projects in the United States, puts the university in the company of other prestigious universities, including Cornell, Stanford, Purdue and Tufts.
Established in 2003 with a $700,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, the two-year SEPA project has enabled Ely to continue the SCienceLab offerings for middleand high-school students and expand the program to Furman University, which is offering two SCienceLab classes this fall.


CLion 2020.2 Help
Import a local directory to Subversion repository
You can import an entire directory to your Subversion repository provided that you have access rights. This is helpful for putting a whole project under version control.
Import to the repository is always available, even if Subversion integration is not enabled for your project.
To import a directory to a Subversion repository, do the following:
 1. From the main menu, choose VCS | Import into Version Control | Import into Subversion.
 2. In the Import into Subversion dialog that opens, select the target Subversion repository. If the desired target repository location is not in the list, click the icons.general.add.svg button to add it (for more details, see Configure Subversion repository location). Click Import.
 3. In the Select Path dialog that opens, specify the directory you want to import and click OK.
 4. In the SVN Import Options dialog that opens, check the Import to and Import from paths and specfiy the following options:
 - Depth: use this list to specify the range of recursion into Subversion subdirectories. The available options are:
 - infinity: select this option to enable full recursion.
 - Include ignored resources: select this option to include files that have been added to the Subversion ignore list and are not subject to version control into the import.
 5. Optionally, enter a commit message, or select one from the Recent Messages drop-down list and click OK.
Last modified: 19 August 2020


The Elementary students have sports such as soccer, basketball, volleyball, Taek Won Do and other various sports built into their weekly schedule and after school activities.
Middle and High school students have the opportunity to compete with other schools and other countries in basketball, volleyball and soccer.
AIS participates in four tournaments annually both locally and internationally.
Karl Manalo
Athletics Director,
Health and PE Teacher.


text:
Comprehensive DescriptionRead full entry
BiologyOccurs close to the bottom where it probes for food with the long snout. Territorial and usually aggressive towards members of its own species. This behavior has been shown to involve electric organ discharge (EOD) activity (Ref. 10011). Feeds mostly at night on worms and insects (Ref. 7020), probably aided by electro-sensory inputs (Ref. 10011). Electroreceptors are distributed over the entire head, the dorsal and ventral regions of the body, but absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located (Ref. 10011). Sex-related EOD characteristics in this species has been demonstrated in the laboratory with freshly imported samples during the breeding season; such EOD dimorphism changed with time in captivity (Ref. 10764; 10766). Lead nitrate in water significantly increased EOD rate and selectively altered the EOD waveform of this species (Ref. 10469). Dubbed a 'hearing specialist' having auditory abilities in the range of _PHONE_ Hz, with 'best frequencies' between 300 and 600 Hz (Ref. 10830). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 150 cm; not recommended for home aquariums (Ref. 51539).


text:
40 Orange Street.
Privately owned, not open to the public.
of the local women's anti-slavery society, Anna Gardner, was instrumental
in convening the island's first Anti-Slavery Convention in 1841
(see Site 3). Her Quaker abolitionist family lived here. In 1822, her
parents Oliver and Hannah Gardner sheltered escaped slave Arthur Cooper
(see Site 7) and his pregnant wife.
at the African School (see Site 9) from 1836 until 1840 and was a
teacher of Eunice Ross (_PHONE_) (see
Site 7). Anna went South
in 1863 to teach black youngsters in Union-occupied North Carolina.
During Reconstruction, she taught in Virginia schools established
by the Freedman's Bureau. She later became a leader in the
national women's suffrage movement.
Heritage Trail® Next


text:
NEW YORK, NY.-
Cuba in Revolution, at the International Center of Photography
through January 9, 2011, covers one of the most spectacular political events of the twentieth century, the Cuban Revolution of 1959. The improbable overthrow of the dictator Fulgencio Batista by a band of young communist guerrillas and intellectuals was a momentous occasion not only politically but also creatively, changing the way we think about the power of reportage photography and the role of photojournalism in our modern society.
Tracing the movement from the triumphal entry of the rebels into Havana on January 1, 1959, through the abortive Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 and the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, this exhibition shows the tremendous influence of photography in recording and encouraging the revolutionary movement in Cuba. Cuba in Revolution explores everyday life in Cuba before and after the Revolution and considers the ways in which both Cuban and foreign photojournalists helped construct the image of the Revolution abroad.
More than 180 vintage works by 30 photographers, including important images of pre-Revolutionary Cuba by Constantino Arias, as well as classics by Henri Cartier-Bresson, Raúl Corrales, René Burri, and Burt Glinn are included. Among the outstanding photographs in this collection of vintage prints are Alberto Kordas famous 1960 portrait of Che Guevara titled Heroic Guerrilla and never-before-seen images of Ches death in Bolivia in 1967.
The exhibition charts the development of Cuban photography from the early 1950s until 1968, as it positions the work of the most prominent indigenous photographersKorda, Corrales, Arias, Osvaldo Salasalongside international photographers and photojournalists such as Cartier-Bresson, Burri, Glinn, Elliott Erwitt, and Flip Schulke. Arias injected a degree of social and political consciousness into his work of the early 1950s that in many ways presaged the concerns of the Revolution by focusing attention on the everyday realities of the Cuban people.
During the Revolution, iconic or even mythological images of the Revolutionary leaders proliferated. Initially, both domestic and foreign photographers had unprecedented access to Fidel Castro and his youthful cohorts, and many of the photographs that were taken at this time capture the do-it-yourself spontaneity of the Revolution. Also included in the show are rarely seen photographs depicting the counterculture of the 1960s that existed clandestinely alongside the sanctioned youth movements of the Revolution. After 1968 and the banning of private enterprise inside Cuba, most authorized photographs of the Revolution were limited to portraits of Castro in his official capacity as head of the Cuban state.
Co-curatorsICP Chief Curator Brian Wallis and Guest Curator Mark Sanders.


text:
Apple IPM Home
Apple Scouting Manual
IPM Final Reports
INSECT AND MITE PESTS
San Jose Scale
There are two main problems with control of this insect: 1) the insect is very small and so goes unnoticed until large populations have built up; and 2) the insect spends much of its life cycle under a protective cover or scale. Therefore, TIMING of insecticide applications becomes of paramount importance.
San Jose Scale
The adults are very small and the female does not fly. Males will emerge about mid-May and seek out females. Mating occurs and then, about early to mid June, live young (called crawlers) are born. These tiny yellow insects move over the tree in a seemingly random pattern until they locate a suitable site. Once located, the crawler sticks its mouthparts into the tree and secretes a waxy shell over its body. From this point on, female scales will not move. Males will remain in one location until maturity at which time, they will seek out females and begin the cycle again.
SCOUT: Scale, if sampled, will be monitored by 2 methods (1) adult traps will be monitored for about two months in early spring. (2) Known scale infestations will be watched for appearance of the crawler stage. Crawlers can be easily detected by wrapping a small amount of black electrical tape with the sticky side out around a branch. Report the date crawlers are first seen.
ACTION THRESHOLD: Any scale calls for an application during crawler movement. See appendices for pheromone trapping and degree day modeling information.
Apple IPM web site created by Kerry Kirk - 2001 - Maintained by Pat Dillon


text:
Mary Dixon Kies
Born 1752 - Died 1837
Weaving Straw with Silk or Thread
Patented: May 5, 1809
Mary Dixon Kies was the first woman to apply for and receive a U.S.
patent in her own name. Her patent, issued May 5, 1809, was for a
process for weaving straw with silk that was adopted by the New England
Kiesís invention was praised by President James Madison's wife Dolly for
helping to improve New England's economic situation, which had been hurt
by an embargo on goods imported from Europe. New England's hat industry
was one of the few industries that continued to prosper during the War
Kies's patent, which was destroyed in the Patent Office fire of 1836,
was one of only 20 issued to a woman before 1840
Kies was born in South Killingly, Connecticut. Very little is known
about her life or her accomplishments beyond her patented weaving
process, which was widely used for over a decade.


text:
Machine Learning Assisted Synthesis of Metal-Organic Nanocapsules
Herein, we report the successful discovery of a new hierarchical structure of metal-organic nanocapsules (MONCs) by integrating chemical intuition and machine learning algorithms. By training datasets from a set of both succeeded and failed experiments, we studied the crystallization propensity of metal-organic nanocapsules (MONCs). Among four machine learning models, XGB model affords the highest prediction accuracy of 91%. The derived chemical feature scores and chemical hypothesis from the XGB model assist to identify proper synthesis parameters showing superior performance to a well-trained chemist. This paper will shed light on the discovery of new crystalline inorganic-organic hybrid materials guided by machine learning algorithms.


text: A sign that a games console / arcade board is being asked by the programmer to do more work than it can cope with. Graphics chips featuring hardware sprites have a limit as to how many sprites they can draw per scanline. When this limit is exceeded, parts of the sprite begin to disappear momentarily. For an example, try the Mega Drive port of Strider Hiryu. A related problem is slowdown.


text:
Big Friends, Little Friends
By pairing younger students with older ones, the "Little Friend" gains a sense of belonging to the school environment, and the "Big Friend" gains self confidence by being a mentor.
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2, 3–5
Each student in my kindergarten class is assigned to one or two students in an upper elementary class. The students create art projects together, work in the computer lab, or attend one of our plays. The older students take the younger ones on a campus tour and teach them to play sports like kickball. One project had the Big and Little Friends work together to make Clifford ears and a bone with the Little Friend's name on it.
This program is a win-win situation because everyone benefits from it: the Little Friend gains a sense of belonging to the school environment and making new friends, and the Big Friend gains self confidence by being a mentor to an appreciative younger student. What I enjoy seeing is how all the students absolutely love it! The pairs meet every two weeks and at the end of their time together, the Friends sing this song: "Good-bye now, good-bye now! The clock says we're done. We'll see you in two weeks. Good-bye now, everyone!"


text: The rustling of the wind echoes in the silence of nature: a visual reference to canes, creating light, evocative and reassuring pieces of furniture. The new Palù collection portrays a concept of small-scale architecture, formed from the relationship between presence and absence. The distinctive features of these complements, a bedside table and bench seat, are the linear effect of solids and empty spaces, and profound harmonies. The curves created using a sequence of wooden rods define the space, indicating the sense of the limit in a neat and feminine series. The frame embraces suspended volumes, made out of air: an upholstered seat, a Vienna straw shelf, elegant drawers. In the bedside table, the round drawer rotates towards the bed, transforming into a second shelf.


Name of this class
This setting has no function, it's purpose is simply to remind you what this class is defining.
Type of users
There are two types of user, real and anonymous. Essentially, if the user logs in with the username 'anonymous', they are in the anonymous class of user and will only be members of a class with Anonymous ticked. If the user logs in with a genuine username and password, they are considered to be a'real' user.
Specific users in this class
This lets you refine a class to specific users, e.g. "bob,fred" or even wild cards, "*jones", or lists of users including the 'not' character, e.g. all users except bob "*,!bob"
IP Addresses of connecting users
Again, this refines who is a member of this class. The user's IP address must match this parameter (if the parameter is not blank). You can use lists and wild cards and the not character, e.g. "1.2.3.*". In this second example, all users in the 1.2.3 network are allowed to connect, with the exception of the user with the ip address, "1.2.3.*,!"
Directory Aliases
You can allow your FTP users to have access to multiple directories plus their home directory. Perhaps used to provide access to certain common files, or to allow one class of users access to a special set of files in a directory.
You do this by specifying an "alias directory" the user would see this as an additional directory, and if they change into that directory, they can access the files in real path associated with that alias.
 Alias Path
 / ~
 /files c:\installers
If user Bob logs in he will see the files in his home directory "/" and a directory listed as "files".
If you do provide access to other areas in the file system like this, make sure that there are appropiate files protection rules in place, either in the operating system, or configured in SurgeFTP
Define home and alias directories accessible for this class of user
This table lets you define the translation between virtual paths and real disk paths. Each path can also have it's own read/write rules. Often you will give anonymous users write access to only one directory, and read access to other areas.
When defining aliases for a real user there are two common methods. One is to define the users root as their home directory:
 Alias Path
 / ~
This limits each user to access only their own files unless you add another alias to point to some common area, etc. The normal UNIX FTP servers behavior can be emulated with a primary alias like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
 / /
This is translated for a user bob to this:
 Alias Path
 /home/bob /home/bob
 / /
which lets the user move to any directory on the system (assuming they have access to those files as a user).
One last useful option, if your users all have their directories under the /home tree, is to limit ftp users to that part of the file system like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
 /home /home
The result being that bob gets /home/bob as their initial path, and they can move between any directory below the /home tree, and thus read other users' files (assuming the files are not protected from reading by the operating system).
As a final example, if you only want to allow a user to see their own files, but to see directory specifications of the entire path, use a single alias like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
Limit: All directory names and file paths are limited to 200 characters. If this limitation is ever a real problem please let us know.
SSL Encryption
SSL Encryption, if available on this platform and can be set to disable, allow or require. There is also a global setting for this parameter, which must be set in order for the class specific setting to have any meaning. For more details on SSL see this web page.
Max bytes per second
This setting limits the speed at which data can be downloaded from the server. This is commonly used to prevent all of your bandwidth from being used by a single or a few customers downloading huge files. The daily limit below is often more useful as it prevents abuse but doesn't slow everyone down in the process.
Daily download limit per IP address
This limits each user (or unique IP address) to a certain number of megabytes of downloads per day. This is ideal for preventing abuse. Often a single user will mistakenly download every file from your server, or repeatedly download the same file all day long, and this could cost you real money. This limit stops such abuse (intentional or accidental) without stopping your real users/customers.
Idle connection timeout
After the specified number of minutes, the server will terminate an idle link to recover lost resources and prevent dead links from using up all your spare channels. However, many other FTP servers have this idle limit set so low it is simply annoying.
Max concurrent users connected
This limit applies to all users in this virtual domain, and is good for limiting the total resource that can be used by this domain. This also prevents some denial of service attacks.
Files that cannot be retrieved
This is a 'paranoid' safety mechanism. It is possible to accidentally give read access to a directory containing a password file or some other'secret' information. As a precaution you can list the names of such files here, and, even if the user can download other files from the same directory, the server will prevent them from fetching these secret files. Typically on unix this should be set to ".netrc,password"
Files that cannot be stored locally (uploaded)
This is a 'paranoid' safety mechanism. It can prevent users from uploading files of specific types.
Root path for users (~ translation uses this)
In the aliases for this domain you can use ~ to indicate the home directory of the user that has logged in. So if the root path for users is /home, the alias specified ~/upload, and the current logged in user is 'bob', the resulting path would be /home/bob/upload
Hashing of users home directory
This setting lets you access existing hashed directories, or lets you specify a hashing method for an optimised directory structure. The setting is a string, combinations of these three characters "f", "o" and "/".
Use "f" for the first letter of the users name.
Use "o" for the next letter of the users name (if there is a next letter).
Use "/" for a directory separator.
The string used, is converted and inserted after the "Root path for users" and before the users name. This setting only works when the Root path for users (above) is set.
 Root path for users "d:\ftphome\"
 hashing string "f/o"
 user "bob" logs into path d:\ftphome\b\o\bob
 user "blackadder" logs into path d:\ftphome\b\l\blackadder
 Root path for users "m:\home\"
 hashing string "fo"
 user "bob" logs into path m:\home\bo\bob
 user "blackadder" logs into path m:\ome\bl\blackadder
Limit connections per ip (1-n)
This limits the concurrent users per IP address connected to the server. This is useful to prevent abuse from FTP clients that open multiple connections to get more than their share of bandwidth to your system. Often this stems from people using speed throttling FTP servers instead of limiting the MB downloads per day as you can do with this server. If your server really is heavily used, this setting allows you to prevent this kind of sneaky abuse/cheating.
Passive mode IP Address (use when inside NAT fire wall)
When using an FTP server through a NAT fire wall, this setting allows you to tell the server to give the NAT gateways 'IP' address instead of its own to users connecting from outside. This is done by creating a class that only external users use. You will also need to specify a passive IP port, and map those ports from the NAT firewall into the FTP server ports.
Passive mode starting IP port number (use when inside NAT fire wall)
When the FTP server wants to listen on a port, it will start at this number and increment the port until it finds a free port. You should map this same range of ports from the NAT gateway into the FTP server. Typically, a range of 50-100 will be sufficient, roughly how many concurrent users you expect.
Impersonate users when accessing files
This is an NT specific setting. This setting has 'odd' effects regarding mapping of network drives, etc. Usually on NT it is best turned off.
Allow 'FTP PROXY' 3 way transfers
If enabled, this allows an FTP client to transfer files between two FTP servers. This can be very efficient and quite neat. However, it can also be a security problem as it allows a hacker to send files from your system to someone elses system. This can make it very difficult to track down the hacker.
Also, this is very rarely used in the real world. More commonly, when this is attempted it is actually caused by a mis-configured NAT TCPIP router, and the user will simply not get the file they are requesting. By disabling this feature, the user gets a clear error message telling them to use passive mode to transfer files.
Hide real directory information
Some people believe that


By Michael Scott and Colette Freedman
TOR, $24.99, 352 pages
Two thousand years ago, the Demonkind were driven out of England and thirteen sacred objects came into existence. These 13 Hallows contain immeasurable power and are each protected by a sacred Keeper. Passing the Hallows from parent to child for centuries, the Keepers have only one rule: never bring the Hallows together. Now, someone is systematically hunting and butchering Keepers in the hopes of doing exactly that. Judith Walker is the Keeper of Dyrnwyn, the Broken Sword, one of the 13 Hallows of England. Seconds before she dies from the gruesome injuries inflicted upon her by agents of the Dark Man and his vicious wife Vyvienne, Judith begs Sarah to take Dyrnwyn to her nephew, Owen. What follows is a tale of blood, corruption, and horror.
Although The Thirteen Hallows takes the time to develop some unique characters and has a reasonably original plot, it fails to create the suspense required to keep the reader's interest. The continual repetition of plot elements makes the story overly predictable, and while the diversity of characters, and profusion of sex and violence provide a welcome distraction from the sluggish unraveling of the Keeper's secret, they rarely add any richness to the overall story.
Reviewed by Elizabeth Goss