Friction Welding Your 3D Prints
Friction Welding.jpg
A common technique to successfully 3D print complex objects is to print separate pieces and then glue them together. But are there other techniques for joining pieces together? Apparently yes.
There is a technique known as "friction welding", which uses the principle of friction-generated heat. If there is sufficient friction, the heat may be high enough to melt or soften 3D prints made of ABS and particularly of PLA as they have a lower melt temperature.
In this video friction welding is demonstrated. The approach is to insert a filament segment into a Dremel or similar tool and spin it at very high speed. The tip of the rotating filament touches the print and friction generates heat. Some of the filament's melted plastic is deposited on the print if you handle it carefully. You can also drill smooth holes in the print by simply pushing the filament through.
Is this approach useful for joining two pieces together? Maybe, but it would require a lot of very careful work to do so. Probably it's less effective for joining pieces than it is for welding holes closed and other small repairs.
But it's yet another approach to put in your 3D printing toolkit.
Via YouTube


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What is Information?
Module by: Don Johnson. E-mail the author
Summary: A brief discussion of information and signals. This module includes an introduction to the notion of continuous and discrete-time signals.
Information is something that you are interested in. It could be a song, a football score, a picture of your family, stock quotes... Engineers, who don't care about information content, categorize information into two fundamental forms: continuous-valued or discrete-valued. Examples of the former is a song or human speech, where information is expressed by variations in air pressure, and images, where color and darkness correspond to variations in the surface properties of a sheet of paper or the emissions of a computer screen. We use the term analog information to denote all such continuous-valued quantities. An example of discrete-valued information is letters of the alphabet, and sports scores and stock quotes, which elaborate this caterogy of information type. Such information is said to be digital information.
Analog Information
Analog signals are usually signals defined over continuous independent variable(s). Speech is produced by your vocal cords exciting acoustic resonances in your vocal tract. The result is pressure waves propagating in the air, and the speech signal thus corresponds to a function having independent variables of space and time and a value corresponding to air pressure: sxt s x t (Here we use vector notation x x to denote spatial coordinates). When you record someone talking, you are evaluating the speech signal at a particular spatial location, x0 x 0 say. An example of the resulting waveform sx0t s x 0 t is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: A speech signal's amplitude relates to tiny air pressure variations. Shown is a recording of the vowel "e" (as in "speech").
Speech Example
Speech Example (speechexample.png)
Photographs are static, and are continuous-valued signals defined over space. Black-and-white images have only one value at each point in space, which amounts to its optical reflection properties. In Figure 2, an image is shown, demonstrating that it (and all other images as well) are functions of two independent spatial variables.
Figure 2: On the left is the classic Lena image, which is used ubiquitously as a test image. It contains straight and curved lines, complicated texture, and a face. On the right is a perspective display of the Lena image as a signal: a function of two spatial variables. The colors merely help show what signal values are about the same size. In this image, signal values range between 0 and 255; why is that?
(a) (b)
Figure 2(a) (lena.png) Figure 2(b) (lenamesh.png)
Color images have values that express how reflectivity depends on the optical spectrum. Painters long ago found that mixing together combinations of the so-called primary colors--red, yellow and blue--can produce very realistic color images. Thus, images today are usually thought of as having three values at every point in space, but a different set of colors is used: How much of red, green and blue is present. Mathematically, color pictures are multivalued--vector-valued--signals: sx=rxgxbx s x r x g x b x.
Interesting cases abound where the analog signal depends not on a continuous variable, such as time, but on a discrete variable. For example, temperature readings taken every hour have continuous--analog--values, but the signal's independent variable is (essentially) the integers.
Digital Information
The word "digital" means discrete-valued and implies the signal has an integer-valued independent variable. Digital information includes numbers and symbols (characters typed on the keyboard, for example). Computers rely on the digital representation of information to manipulate and transform information. Symbols do not have a numeric value, and each is represented by a unique number. The ASCII character code has the upperand lowercase characters, the numbers, punctuation marks, and various other symbols represented by a seven-bit integer. For example, the ASCII code represents the letter a as the number 97 97 and the letter A as 65 65 Table Table 1 shows the international convention on associating characters with integers.
Figure 3: The ASCII translation table shows how standard keyboard characters are represented by integers. This table displays the so-called 7-bit code (how many characters in a seven-bit code?); extended ASCII has an 8-bit code. The numeric codes are represented in hexadecimal (base-16) notation. The mnemonic characters correspond to control characters, some of which may be familiar (like cr for carriage return) and some not ( bel means a "bell").
Ascii Table
number character number character number character number character number character number character number character number character
08 bs 09 ht 0A nl 0B vt 0C np 0D cr 0E so 0F si
18 car 19 em 1A sub 1B esc 1C fs 1D gs 1E rs 1F us
28 ( 29 ) 2A * 2B + 2C, 2D - 2E. 2F /
38 8 39 9 3A : 3B ; 3C < 3D = 3E > 3F?
48 H 49 I 4A J 4B K 4C L 4D M 4E N 4F 0
58 X 59 Y 5A Z 5B [ 5C \ 5D ] 5E ^ 5F _
60'61 a 62 b 63 c 64 d 65 e 66 f 67 g
68 h 69 i 6A j 6B k 6C l 6D m 6E n 6F o
78 x 79 y 7A z 7B { 7C | 7D } 7E ~ 7F del
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Suppose $h_1$ is collision resistant, and $h_2$ isn't.
Will $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))$ always be collision resistant?
[Edited:] the output of h2 must be uniformly distributed
share|improve this question
Not always, but in practice it will often be even for relatively weak hashes $h_2$. The most important property required of $h_2$ is that preserves at least $2n$ bits of entropy, where $n$ is the target security level. (even that's not sufficient in pathological cases) – CodesInChaos Dec 3 '13 at 13:07
"Uniformly distributed" over what? $f(x)=0$ is uniformly distributed over its image of $\{0\}$. – figlesquidge Dec 3 '13 at 13:24
2 Answers 2
Obviously not. For example, the function $h2(x) = 0$ is not collision resistant, $h2(h1(x))$ shares that property.
This remains true even in less trivial cases; if $h2$ is not collision resistant because its output is too short (it has an $n$-bit output, with $2^{n/2}$ being small enough to do a search over), then $h2(h1(x))$ will also be too short
share|improve this answer
Ironically, $H_2(x)$ is collision resistant if you assume the appropriate security claim for the output domain: $1$. – orlp Dec 3 '13 at 15:38
Will they always be collision resistant? No
For example, let $h_2(x)=0$. Then, $h(x)=h_2(h_1(x))=0$, which certainly isn't collision resistant.
Can it be collision resistant? Yes
For example, suppose we define $h_1(x)=\mathrm{SHA256}(x)$ and
$$ h_2(x)=\begin{cases} 0 & |x|=1 \\ \mathrm{SHA256}(x) & \mathrm{else} \end{cases} $$
Then, since the output of $|h_1(x)|=256$, the composition will leave: $$h(x)=\mathrm{SHA256}(\mathrm{SHA256}(x))$$ Which is believed to be collision resistant from the collision resistance of Sha256.
But what if $h_2$ is uniformly distributed across a'sensible' codomain? As before
I add the requirement that it must be uniformly distributed across a sensible codomain since I assume this clarification wishes to prohibit hash functions for which the target space is too small to possibly be secure)
We can trivially create two examples that demonstrate the above properties. Let $W=\{0,1\}^{256}$. Then, as before let $h_1$ be a cryptographically secure hash function, with $h_1 \colon \{0,1\}^* \to W$ (eg SHA256 as above). Define $h_2(x) = h_1(\mathrm{MSB_{256}}(x))$.
Then $h_2$ is not collision resistant (since for any $x\in W$ and $y\in\{0,1\}^*$ we have $h_2(x)=h_2(x||y)$), but as before $h(x)=h_1(h_1((x))$.
Defining $h_2(x) = h_1(\mathrm{LSB_{256}}(\mathrm{MSB}_{512}(x))$ (ie we extract bits 256->511) we get the composition $h(x)=0$ which is not collision resistant.
A slight issue here might be justifying $h_2$ is uniformly distributed, but this comes down to how you attach a distribution to the set of all random strings - ie the distribution taken by $\{0,1\}^*$
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Laboratory Technical Assistant I - Anatomic Pathology; Full time, 1st shift
 Milwaukee, WI
Requisition Number: LABOR01858
1.High school diploma, and
2. At least oneof the following additional requirements:
A. Two years of clinicallaboratory experience, including but not limited to:
1. Accurate and timely performance of assigned procedures.
2. Understanding of and strict adherence to departmental and laboratory-wide policies.
3. Accurate performance and reporting of select laboratory tests.
4. Accurate performance anddocumentation of quality control measures.
5. Accurate and timely data entry and verification, if appropriate, utilizing a Laboratory Information System.
B. Current enrollment or previously attended a post-secondary school pursuing a science or healthcare related field.
3.Basic computer knowledge and minimum data entry skills of 35 words per minute with 97% accuracy, and 10-key at 120 keystrokes per minute with 98% accuracy.
4. Ability to multi-task in a fast paced environment.
5. Ability to work well in both team settings and independently.
6. Ability to use good judgement, take initiative, and adapt to changes in work assignments.


text:
|part of speech:
||(usu. pl.) a basic element, idea, skill, or the like in a complex subject or activity.
The handyman knew only the rudiments of carpentry.
||(often pl.) something in an initial, imperfect, or undeveloped form.
The rudiments of civilization were evident in their society.
||an incompletely developed part of a living organism.
||basic, bottom, element, essence, essential, germ, principle, vestige

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Roughness perception in haptic virtual reality for sighted and blind people
Psychophysical functions for perceived roughness, relating ln (magnitude estimate of roughness) to ln (groove width), were obtained for blind and sighted participants in virtual reality using the PHANToM force feedback device. The stimuli were sinusoidal surfaces with groove widths between 0.675 mm and 20.700 mm. Group functions showed a similar nonlinearity to those obtained in physical reality using rigid probes (Klatzky, Lederman, Hamilton, Grindley, & Swendsen, 2003; Lederman, Klatzky, Hamilton, & Ramsay, 1999). Individual functions gave a different picture. Of 23 total participants, there were 13 with wholly descending linear psychometric functions, 7 with quadratic functions similar to the group function, and 3 with anomalous functions. Individual power law exponents showed no significant effects of visual status. All analyses gave a power law exponent close to 20.80. The implications for theories of roughness, methodologies of data analysis, and the design of haptic virtual reality interfaces are considered.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


In 1939 England and France declared war on Germany as a reaction to the invasion of Poland. Two weeks after the German invasion the USSR invaded Poland from the east. Shouldn't they have declared war on USSR as well?
1 Answer
Jul 23, 2016
Declaring War on the USSR would have taken focus off Germany and Hitler for what was seen as a opportunistic act on an already defeated Poland.
The USSR was really a late comer to the Polish conflict and it was largely decided by the time they attacked. France and Britain were looking to have the USSR as an possible ally in the future. They realized they had their hands full with Germany.
As well War against the Soviets would have stirred more unrest among the communist industrial workers in France and Britain who's co-operation they needed to fight Germany.


text:
GCSE Bitesize electrolysis has revision pages (that take you through the topic), a test and an activity. Doc Brown has a matching pairs quiz & worksheets on electrolysis, just scroll down to '21 electrolysis and its applications'. The s-cool revision site lets you revise the topic, summarizes the topic & tests you on it.
IGCSE Chemistry: Electrolysis, an 11m lesson from ChemistryKlipz.
Science Bank 2 (Electrochemistry): part 1 – electrolysis of a melt (to 5m 30s); part 2 – electrolysis of solution (to 9m 30s); part 3 – electroplating (to 14m 15s):


text:
We received the following inquiry regarding the production process and how it affects the scale, and we thought many of you might have the same questions:
How do you construct the scale of your instruments? What are the advantages of having a flute with a handmade scale when compared to a mass-produced flute?
Powell Flutes are made today using the Modern Powell Scale, but over the course of 79 years we have used a few different versions of flute scales. Our current scale is based on the Cooper Scale by Albert Cooper; but there are modifications that have been made to better suit a Powell instrument.
In theory, there could be no difference in the scale of a handmade flute versus a mass-produced flute. The position of the tone holes on the tubing determines the scale of an instrument, and that is not a factor in determining whether a flute is handmade or mass-produced.
However, flute makers who offer handmade soldered tone hole flutes have been the quickest to make modifications to their scales to improve intonation. Thus, most handmade flute makers offer a more even and in-tune scale. In addition, handmade flute makers are more likely to continue to improve their scale based on the opinions of professional flutists.


Aadhaar has transformed from being the world's largest biometric universal identity system to a privacy and security nightmare for the government as well as citizens. We recently highlighted how easy it was for criminals to commit crimes such as identity theft, financial fraud, and property, but it appears that Andhra Pradesh is the hotbed of Aadhaar-related data leaks and the state government's lackadaisical attitude to web security is to blame for it.
Independent security researcher, Srinivas Kodali, shed some light on some major Aadhaar leaks that have been steadily trickling in from Andhra Pradesh over the past few months, which gives us a clear idea as to how the problem has only aggravated over time.
Kodali started with one particular incident that also received widespread media coverage when a government website published the Aadhaar details of 2 crore citizens. The leaked data contained information such as their Aadhaar number, bank account details, mobile numbers and phone numbers as MS Access files, that were openly accessible by anyone without any layer of encryption or security whatsoever.
The next major leak happened when the data of nearly 9 million workers employed under the NREGA rural employment scheme in the state of Andhra Pradesh was leaked. The leak on the AP government's Benefit Disbursement Portal contained details such as the name of beneficiaries, Aadhaar numbers and Job Card numbers. Moreover, the Aadhaar data of NREGA beneficiaries was leaked by two different government portals, which gives us an idea of how easy it is to access an individual's personal information, and that too, with the aid of government websites.
This was followed by the government spilling out the data of every single school student in the state. The whole treasure trove of data was shared with Microsoft and was created as part of a joint initiative between the state's education ministry and Microsoft to identify students who are at risk of dropping out of school. As part of the project, Aadhaar details and academic information of students was to be fed into a machine learning system that would assess every single student's academic journey and identify 'at-risk' children, so that teachers can help them.
This was similar to another discrepancy spotted by Kodali, when he came across the data on nearly 7 million children on a government portal stored in an unsecured manner. Anivar Aravind, an Indian developer and executive director at a social analytics firm, also discovered the hoarding of the Aadhaar data of as many as 9 crore (90 million) school students back in June. The database was hosted on an archaic looking government website which belongs to U-DISE (Unified District Information System for Education), a body which has a database of 21 crore students across India.
In addition to geo-tagging every citizen, all thanks to the eKYC process, the state government opened doors for unscrupulous elements to micro-analyze voters in the state for political gains with relative ease, because all that data was openly accessible.
And as if that was not enough, the Andhra Pradesh government also created a portal that would allow anyone to extract information related to any individual registered in the Aadhaar database. The aforesaid 'Aadhaar search engine' was thought to be non-existent, however, not only was it very real, but was also publicly accessible.
This was followed by another major Aadhaar data leak, when government websites in Andhra Pradesh openly published the Aadhaar data of around 20,71,913 pregnant women, alongside details about their reproductive history, vaccination details of the infants, and lot more details. The data was listed on the websites of the state-sponsored Nutrition and Health tracking system and the Reproductive and Child Health (Health and Family Welfare Department) portal run by the state government.
The data listed on the websites contained complete details of the reproductive history of over 20 million pregnant women, which included information such as details of childbirth, risk status, follow-ups or whether the fetus was aborted, etc. In another similar incident, the state government collected details such as phone number and name of every individual who purchased medicines from government hospitals and generic pharmacies, and later published it openly on an unsecured dashboard on the Anna Sanjivini website.
In addition to details of social scheme benefits, medical history and academic details of students, even more information such as tax details, location information, etc. was also leaked. Surprisingly, all that information was stored on the servers of an NGO started by Nandan Nilekani, the Infosys co-founder who was among the brains behind the creation of Aadhaar.
Government officials also joined the fray and leaked the Aadhaar data and salary details of their colleagues, while the Swachha Andhra Pradesh portal was also busy spilling out more Aadhaar details. Later in April, another AP government website leaked details of citizens based on their location, caste and religion, which was quite scary since it allowed anyone to pinpoint the houses inhabited by Muslim, Dalit, Hindu and even Zorastrian families, and lead to all sorts of troubles ranging from influencing political opinions on sectarian boundaries to discrimination and violence.
And to top it all off, there's another highly invasive initiative called e-governance, which involves building a 360-degree profile of every citizen that is to be listed on a People Hub, which is a part of the real-time surveillance project called E-Pragati. However, experts have raised questions whether this e-governance project is nothing but a highly intrusive state-sponsored surveillance program masked as progressive e-governance and another Aadhaar leak waiting to explode.
By now, it is quite evident that in the sea of Aadhaar leaks, Andhra Pradesh is the biggest iceberg and we have only seen the tip of it. And unless the state government abandons its lax approach and takes proactive measures, more leaks would keep on coming.


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text:
gad rgyangs wrote:Acchantika wrote:This
and perhaps this
may be helpful to understand the kinds of statements I believe are being referred to.
Ok, according to the first page you link to, it says "An assertion is a speech act in which something is claimed to hold...in an assertion it is asserted that so-and-so"
- 2.1 Presupposition
A sentence such as
(4) Kepler died in misery
is not true unless the singular term 'Kepler' has reference.
If we consider this in terms of your examples, we remember that Nagarjuna spent the previous 23 chapters negating the possibility of a referent.
So taken in context, they cannot be said to be asserting something.


text:
Charity mergers include a range of legal and practical issues. There are very many charitable organisations, and both small and large have good reasons for considering combining to maximise their charitable impact.
Other charities may have reached the end of their useful life and want to manage the process of winding-up and dissolving the organisation.
Main issues to consider:
- Types of merger – the process will be determined by the outcome sought; a new charity may be formed to take the assets of two existing charities; one may dissolve and pass its assets to another; one charity may become a subsidiary of another
- Charitable objects – a charity must always act within the terms of its objects. It is important for charities that are combining to have compatible objects; if they differ, then the objects will need to be amended
- Role of the Charity Commission – where there are problems with a charity's ability to amend its objects, the Charity Commission can implement a cy-pres scheme. The Charity Commission can be involved in making a scheme, where a permanent endowment is held and the receiving charity is a company
- Issues to be considered – structural and practical issues need to be addressed - the constitution of the trustee board, membership, internal organisation and of course name
- Possible future liabilities – a charity receiving the assets and activities of another charity can take over liabilities; particular areas of concern may be VAT, the transfer of employees, and a defined benefit pension scheme with ongoing liabilities
- Register of charity mergers – introduced by the Charities Act 2006, this transfers gifts or legacies made to the merged charity to the successor charity.
For further information please contact one of the team.


text:
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Seattle Fire Department is created on October 17, 1889.
HistoryLink.org Essay 3938
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On October 17, 1889, the Seattle Fire Department is officially created, a few months after Seattle's devastating Great Fire of June 6, 1889. Gardner Kellogg, who had been a volunteer firefighter since 1870, is named the Department's first chief.
Seattle's first firefighters belonged to the Seattle Hook and Ladder Company, which began in 1870, but disbanded a year later due to lack of fires as well as funds. Within a few years, a group of citizens formed Seattle Engine Company No. 1, which was paid for by subscription. Kellogg was chosen as Chief of the volunteers. Hose and a hose-reel were borrowed from the Port Gamble Fire Department, and a used, hand-operated pump engine was brought in from Sacramento, California.
On April 11, 1884, the City of Seattle passed an ordinance taking control of the volunteer department. By this time the group had two steam-powered fire engines and a ladder truck. In 1888, Josiah Collins replaced Kellogg as Chief.
The Great Fire
On June 6, 1889, the Great Seattle Fire broke out in Victor Clairmont's cabinet shop at the corner of Front (1st Avenue) and Madison streets. The flames quickly spread and the small group of volunteer firefighters quickly exhausted the town's small and private water systems. By the end of the day, 64 acres of homes and businesses lay in ruins.
Insurance investigators charged the city with having an inadequate water supply and an inadequate fire department. Firefighters were described as being poorly trained, and most of them quit in disgust at the charges. Chief Collins was among those who resigned.
In response, the city authorized the creation of a paid, professional fire department, which was passed by ordinance on October 17, 1889. Three days later Gardner Kellogg was selected as Chief, and 32 men were hired.
Since the old fire houses had been destroyed in the fire, the new fire department was housed in temporary structures that had leaky canvas roofs. During the winter, many men and horses fell ill, until the first new station was opened the following summer.
Glen W. Garvie, Seattle Fire Department Centennial: _PHONE_ (Portland, Oregon: Taylor Publishing Company, 1989), 36-39.
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text:
There are records in the Nuremberg city annals of Friedrich Staedtler's activities as a pencil-making craftsman as far back as 1662. Generations later, his descendant would create one of today's most useful artist's tools.
J.S. Staedtler invented the first colored pencil in 1834. It was a colored oil pastel pencil which could be "sharpened to a point just like a pencil". In 1835, the city council granted him a manufacturing license, with permission to produce black lead, red chalk, and pastel pencils.
Staedtler had gained expertise from working with his father, Paulus Staedtler, at his workshop. He transferred this expertise to his industrial efforts. By the year 1840, his company was already making 63 different types of pencils.
Staedtler is now Europe's largest manufacturer of black lead and colored pencils, but its original headquarters have always remained in Nuremberg, Germany. More than two thirds of all the writing instruments Staedtler produces are made there. The quality seal of "Made in Germany" has become an integral part of the Staedtler Company. [ visit manufacturer website ]


text:
Advancements in communication technologies continue to support the development of geographically-distributed teams. Yet as this practice grows, managers and staff remain concerned about the impact of working physically away from each other. This study theorizes social capital as the primary mechanism by which the level of distribution of individuals in teams and the use of communication technologies influence the work-related outcomes of job performance, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Three components of social capital are examined: structural, relational and cognitive. I use social network methodology to capture differences in face-to-face versus technology-mediated communication networks in a survey of over 250 knowledge workers and managers in 18 groups in 9 organizations. Analysis of the data includes structural equation and hierarchical linear models to test for latent variables, paths and multilevel effects. Preliminary results show that structural, relational and cognitive social capital vary in their effects on performance. I also find that face-to-face and technology-mediated structures function as distinct and separate sources of social capital. The results assist managers in further understanding how technology use and team organization relate to performance in distributed teams. Methods are suggested that managers can use to evaluate and improve individual and team social capital.
Arling, Priscilla A., "The Role of Technology, Communication and Social Capital in Distributed Teams" (2005). AMCIS 2005 Proceedings. 65.


text:
It's a lot of discussion to explain the basics of why Wing Chun style stands a certain way. Fortunately, I covered this primary foundation topic at one of my last seminars. We started the day's lesson with a discussion on why we stand a certain way, and how to work a few stance drills in order to improve and functionalize this stance practice. There is another 3+ hours of footage filmed from this event. So stay tuned as we get through it all and eventual release more of it.
As always the best way to learn is to be in the classroom, seeing it first hand and asking questions with direct answers as we go.
Check out our class schedule to see if there is a time that works for you.


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Nuremberg Turnierbuch (MS 22.229)
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Nuremberg Turnierbuch
MS 22.229, Metropolitan Museum of Art
New York City, New York
MS 22.229 002r.jpg
Type Tournament book
Date mid 1500s - mid 1600s
Place of origin Nuremberg
Language(s) Early New High German
Illustrated by Unknown
Material Paper
Size 120 folia (356 mm x 264 mm)
External data Museum catalog entry
Treatise scans Digital scans
The Nuremberg Turnierbuch (or Album of Tournaments and Parades in Nuremberg; MS 22.229) is a German tournament book covering various periods between the mid 16th and mid 17th centuries. The original currently rests in the holdings of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, NY. The Met divides this manuscript into five separate parts; the first is a copy of the tournament book of Hans Burgkmair der Jüngere, while the other four describe various tournaments and parades held in the city of Nuremberg. It may have been created for the Volckamer family, given the prominence of the exploits of Berthold Volckamer on, e.g., folio 22r.
The known provenance of the Nuremberg Turnierbuch is:
 - Created in several stages during the 16th and 17th centuries, possibly copied from older records; the paper dates to the 1530s, while the fourth section describes a parade that occured in 1640. The current binding is typical of the late 16th to mid 17th centuries, and all contents seem to have been bound at the same time.
 - 19th century - binding rebacked.
 - before 1890 - owned by Frédéric Spitzer (1815–1890)
 - 1922-present - held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, New York
The Met has only released the illustrated pages, but the following contents are derived from the numbers assigned to illustrations.
1r - 18r Tournament figures by Hans Burgkmair der Jüngere
21r - 32r Costumed Parade for a Carousel Course
32v - 45v Gesellenstechen (Bachelors' Jousts) of 1446
46r - 49v Gesellenstechen of 1539 and 1546
50r - 51v Gesellenstechen of 1561
53r - 78r Pageant Sleighs
79v - 110r Sleigh Parade of Winter 1640
Folio 1r
Folio 1v
Folio 2r
MS 22.229 002r.jpg
Folio 2v
Folio 3r
MS 22.229 003r.jpg
Folio 3v
Folio 4r
MS 22.229 004r.jpg
Folio 4v
MS 22.229 004v.jpg
Folio 5r
MS 22.229 005r.jpg
Folio 5v
MS 22.229 005v.jpg
Folio 6r
MS 22.229 006r.jpg
Folio 6v
MS 22.229 006v.jpg
Folio 7r
MS 22.229 007r.jpg
Folio 7v
MS 22.229 007v.jpg
Folio 8r
MS 22.229 008r.jpg
Folio 8v
MS 22.229 008v.jpg
Folio 9r
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text:
Purpose: To evaluate shear bond strength and microleakage of a new self-etching/self-adhesive fissure sealant
on prismless enamel compared with conventional fissure sealing.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 extracted third molars were assigned to 3 main groups: group 1: selfetching/ self-adhesive sealant, without acid etching; group 2: self-etching/self-adhesive sealant, with prior acid etching; group 3: conventional fissure sealing (control group). After specimen preparation, each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to storage time (1-day water storage, 3-month water storage, and 1-day water
storage followed by 5000x thermocycling). The shear bond strength was determined with a universal testing
machine, according to ISO standard 29022. Afterwards, the failure mode was analyzed. An additional 24 third
molars were used for microleakage assessment. The fissure pattern was sealed in strict accordance with the
manufacturers' instructions. After thermocycling, the dye penetration was examined. Data were analyzed using
the Mann-Whitney U-Test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The shear bond strength of the self-etching/self-adhesive fissure sealant without prior acid etching was
significantly lower (4.3 MPa) than that of the self-etching/self-adhesive fissure sealant with prior acid etching
(17.1 MPa) and the conventional fissure sealing (19.1 MPa). Microleakage was significantly lower in the control
group (1.1%) and in the group with the self-etching/self-adhesive sealant with prior acid etching (0.8%) compared to the group that used the self-etching/self-adhesive material alone (49.4%).


Lesson 1
Insurance Problems
Start course
Insurance provides significant risk management to a broad public, and is an essential tool for promoting human welfare. By pooling large numbers of independent or low-correlated risks, insurance providers can minimize overall risk. The risk management is tailored to individual circumstances and reflects centuries of insurance industry experience with real risks and with moral hazard and selection bias issues. Probability theory and statistical tools help to explain how insurance companies use risk pooling to minimize overall risk. Innovation and government regulation have played important roles in the formation and oversight of insurance institutions. Shiller, Robert J. ECON 252, Financial Markets (2008), Spring 2008. Yale OpenCourseWare: Economics, Accessed 22/9/14 _URL_ License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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text:
Author: Natasha Howes | Category: Fatima, The Apparitions, The Children, The Facts, The Message, The Prophesies, The Secrets | Tags: Apparitions of Fatima, Children of Fatima, fatima, Pope John Paul II, Prophecy, Prophecy of Fatima, Second Secret of Fatima, Secret of Fatima, Seers of Fatima, Third Secret of Fatima, Virgin Mary
The Second Secret of Fatima
The Second Secret of Fatima is the first of 2 prophesies of catastrophic world events revealed to three shepherd children in Fatima, Portugal in 1917. The Second Secret promised the end of the First World War, and portended a second worse war, and the spread of Communism from Russia.
The Second Secret of Fatima also contained a Peace Plan, a series of specific instructions given by the Virgin Mary to the Children of Fatima, of how people could earn a period of peace for the world by preventing the war and the spread of the Communist dogma.
To see the actual text of the Second Secret of Fatima, Keep reading!
To Explore explanations and lesser known facts, Read ON.
19 Jan 2014


text:
Below is an extract from the Acts of Alabama, 1818 to 1828, found online. This is one of many Acts pertaining to people of color that will be posted on this blog. The original documents are at the Alabama Department of Archives and History in Montgomery, AL.
- View the Acts of Alabama, _PHONE_.
- View the Acts of Alabama in Color (Index) on this blog.
- View all extracts on this blog this far.
An act to authorise Killis Walton to emancipate a negro man named Tom (1820).
Session: Annual Session, Oct – Dec 1820
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, in General Assembly convened, That Killis Walton, of Lawrence county, be, and he is hereby authorised and empowered to emancipate and set free a negro man slave, aged forty years, named Tom, so soon as the said Killis Walton, shall have executed to the chairman, or chief justice of the county court of Lawrence, and his successors it office, a bond, with sufficient security, to be approved by the county court, conditioned, that said negro man slave Tom, shall never become chargeable to this State, or any county or town within the same.
[Approved, December 11, 1820.]


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Smartphones to help fight stress from noise
traffic on Melbourne freeway
Crowd sourcing data to identify urban noise hotspots could combat stress and improve productivity, say researchers (Source: Flagstaffotos)
Researchers from CSIRO and the University of New South Wales, built the program called Ear-Phone, using existing smartphone technology, to provide more detailed noise profile maps of cities, and help identify noise hotspots.
Noise pollution has been linked to stress in modern day life, with health effects including sleep disruption, hearing impairment, and psychological damage, impacting negatively on productivity
"This information is very important for town planning - if you want to build a school, and for real estate markets [and] buyers choosing the area they want to live in," says the study's lead author Dr Rajib Rana from CSIRO's Autonomous Systems Laboratory.
Rana says Australia does not actually measure ambient noise levels but in the United Kingdom noise maps are produced every five years.
However, he says, these don't measure noise levels directly but are based on models of traffic densities and the noise reflectivity off buildings. They also need to consider changes in levels throughout the day and night, and over small distances.
Rana says such existing methods of determining the noise distribution around a city is a very expensive process.
"Just think of the geographical extent of a city and covering every street," he says.
A better way
"We thought we could use samples from mobile phones as a crowd sourcing method of determining noise levels," says Rana, adding the modern smartphone already has sensors capable of collecting the data required.
"Just think of the built-in sensors [already] fitted to smartphones, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, proximity sensors, light intensity monitors. Some even have temperature and humidity sensors," says Rana.
Smartphones also provide a location and time stamp to show exactly where and when the measurement was taken.
Rana and colleagues needed to develop an algorithm that records only useful measurements of ambient noise, and not other sounds like conversations, or keys jangling in bags, which could distort readings.
Initial tests were carried out on the streets of Brisbane, and readings were confirmed using commercially available sound meters.
Best results
The authors found the best results were obtained when people were outdoors, with the phone in their hand. Readings were far less accurate inside vehicles, or when the phones were in a bag or case.
"We only want to sample when the phone's in your hand, so the program determines if it's in a bag, pocket or case, by using its light monitor, accelerometer and proximity sensors, to determine its position and unwanted data can then be discarded," says Rana.
"GPS readings are used to determine movement below 6 kilometres per hour, which is the average the speed of the person walking, and a valid GPS signal means they're outdoors."
The research reported on the pre press website, indicates the program can detect the phone's position with an accuracy of 84 per cent.
The noise level and GPS co-ordinates are then sampled every minute and stored along with the location and time, before being uploaded to the database when a free Wi-Fi connection is detected.
According to Rana, the next challenge is to develop a sustainable incentive mechanism to get people motivated to participate.
Tags: computers-and-technology, engineering, consumer-electronics


Last update08:00:47 AM GMT
Sprouted Almonds
Sprouted Almond Nuts: An Overview
The features about incorporating sprouts in this daily diet need hardly any introduction for health alert people. Nutritionally, they are finer quality than dried seeds and {div float:right}{module Copy of Sponsors|none}{/div} almonds. Both raw almonds and additionally their sprouts are healthy food choices items, which are popularly consumed in your raw diet approach. Additionally, they are special milkbones for providing essential proteins and quality proteins, especially for vegetarians. All you require about almond sprouts, such as their nutrient content, many benefits and the procedure meant for sprouting are presented less than.
Sprouted Almonds vs Raw Almonds
The difference between sprouted and additionally raw almonds mainly lies in the nutritional value and even taste. Sprouted ones are simple to digest and are thought to be more nutritious than tender nuts. As far being the taste is concerned, the actual sprouted version is softer, crunchy in texture in addition to sweet. While some desire to have strong flavored raw almonds, others benefit from the sweeter, moist, tender not to mention crispy almond sprouts.
Sprouted Almonds - Calories
Nut sprouts have higher nutritional value than the raw your. Serving half an whiff of almond sprouts (in relation to 12 nuts) brings 45 calories, with it is estimated that 5. 5 g unwanted weight, 3 g proteins, 3 grams carbohydrates and 3 r dietary fibers. In equivalence to these, 12 entire kernels of raw almonds comprise 80 calories. They produce 7 g fats, 1. 5 g fiber and 3 g each of proteins and carbohydrates. Study more on calories with almonds.
Sprouted Almonds - Nutrition
It will be borne in mind which usually almond sprouts retain each of the nutrients that are included in their raw form. Therefore, the nutrition facts connected with almonds are nearly much like that of sprouted nuts. They are an excellent source of essential fatty acids, vitamin e, B vitamins, proteins, amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium as well as potassium. The good phase with almond sprouts is usually, they are free about sodium, saturated fats and additionally cholesterol.
Sprouted Almonds - Amazing benefits
As a nut maybe a seed germinates, some on the beneficial enzymes present from the sprouted version get induced, which otherwise are locked within the kernels. Say for occasion, the lipase enzyme of which acts on fats becomes active only following the nut is sprouted. This as well as other enzymes break down this complex nutrients to much simpler forms, thereby contributing to health rewards of almond sprouts.
Sprouted Almonds - Recipe
How to sprout almonds inside your home? First of all, wash almonds and add them inside a bowl. Pour water to pay for the almonds and use a lid. Continue soaking almonds for the purpose of 10 minutes, drain unneeded water and wash once. Now, wet a thick silk cotton cloth and lay on the shallow dish. Spread pre-soaked almonds smooth over it. Cover them with an alternative damp cotton cloth and keep in a cool place.
Once you are done with the very best steps, regularly check this almonds. Ensure that you retain the cloth damp (not likely wet or drippy) by spraying water that has a misting bottle. Considering you have maintained them moist and kept them because of sunlight, these nuts will develop within 1 day or at the most 1½ days. Accordingly, check them frequently to obtain good textured almond seedlings. You will notice slight bulging on the nuts, some of them having sprouts relating to the pointed end.
In order have fun with nutrient dense sprouted almonds, they should be consumed within 1-2 months. Also, to arrest the sprouts and prevent further growth within most of these period, store them within the refrigerator. If preferred, peel off the skin and enjoy them raw simply because they are. You can also try them in making almond dairy products, or add it for breakfast cereals, granola, sweet goodies and salad dressing to suit your taste buds.


header-feather.gifConsultation Office
The Kanawewim'nan Nikawiy Askiy Consultation Office is mandated to protect Swan River's Treaty and Traditional Territory.
Through site specific assessments this program endeavours to protect Swan River's ability to practise their Treaty Rights to hunt, fish, trap, and gather for 'as long as the sun shines, the grass grows, and the rivers flow'. Environmental, Traditional Use Study, and Archaeological divisions within the consultation office work to collect and record traditional knowledge, to conduct archaeological assessments, to create culturally sustaining land use plans, and to understand and deal with cumulative effects in Swan River First Nation's traditional territory.


text:
Training and Aesthetic Concerns
Large farms and ranches are advised to develop personnel training programs for proper instruction of humane euthanasia techniques. As indicated in the previous discussion, the skill and experience of personnel are of paramount importance when gunshot or penetrating captive bolt/exsanguination or pithing and/or the injection of KCl are used for euthanasia of sick and debilitated animals. Experience has shown that many people (even those experienced in handling livestock) are not aware of the anatomical landmarks for proper execution of these techniques. Furthermore, persons should be aware that there is significant danger for the operator (or for bystanders with gunshot) whenever these methods of euthanasia are used. On large farms or ranches, most, if not all, persons should be familiar with these procedures and several should be specifically trained to perform this task. However, only those who can demonstrate a working knowledge and proficiency with the techniques should be permitted to perform euthanasia procedures. When these methods are not properly performed, animals may become injured, have varying degrees of consciousness, and experience needless pain and distress.
Experienced persons should assist in the training of inexperienced persons and utilize carcasses to demonstrate anatomical landmarks and application of the various techniques. Carcasses should be used for practice by trainees until they become competent with the euthanasia devices and procedures. People must also be aware of how to confirm death.
Both gunshot and penetrating captive bolt are aesthetically displeasing procedures. Euthanasia by either technique results in involuntary movements that may be inaccurately interpreted as painful to an inexperienced person. Therefore, when and where possible, it is recommended that such procedures be performed in areas out of the public view.


text:
Showing You Care
Students will pay attention or care about what they are learning when you care about them. Dealing with difficult students is often trying on a tutor because they don't seem to care about the material with which the tutor is trying to help them. When the tutor shows a genuine interest in the student, the student will be more apt to care about learning.
The following are some ways to show students you care:
- Be a welcoming person -- greet them by name at the beginning of a session with a smile.
- Be interested -- ask them questions about their likes and dislikes or simply, ''How are you?'' Then really listen to their answers. When you meet again refer back to the personal information you have shared. You may ask them what they thought of the performance of their favorite team or player last night.
- Don't be afraid to laugh with the student -- avoid laughing at them or their mistakes. Shared laughter is a good bond between people.
- Be aware of their accomplishments -- if you know that the student has done well in sports or other school activities, take the time to compliment them on their involvement and efforts.
- Set goals and recognize their achievements -- make sure that they know that you are aware that a goal has been achieved. They will be happy that you remembered and cared to notice.
- Smile and nod your head -- just as a person who is really listening nods towards a speaker, a tutor who is caring will smile and nod at his or her student.
- Don't ignore bad behavior-- most students won't be afraid to test you. When they do, make sure you remind them that you don't like what they did, but you do like them.


text:
As used in this subpart—
Act means the Social Security Act, as amended.
Active duty means periods of time an individual is on full-time duty in the active military or naval service after 1956 and includes active duty for training after 1956.
Active service means periods of time prior to 1957 an individual was on full-time duty in the active military or naval service. It does not include totaling periods of active duty for training purposes before 1957 which are less than 90 days.
Allied country means a country at war on September 16, 1940, with a country with which the United States was at war during the World War II period. Each of the following countries is considered an allied country: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, India, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Union of South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
Domiciled in the United States means an individual has a true, fixed, and permanent home in the United States to which the individual intends to return whenever he or she is absent.
Federal benefit means a benefit which is payable by another Federal agency (other than the Veterans Administration) or an instrumentality owned entirely by the United States under any law of the United States or under a program or pension system set up by the agency or instrumentality.
Post-World War II period means the time period July 25, 1947, through December 31, 1956.
Reserve component means Army Reserve, Naval Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve, National Guard of the United States or Air National Guard of the United States.
Resided in the United States means an individual had a place where he or she lived, whether permanently or temporarily, in the United States and was bodily present in that place.
Survivor means you are a parent, widow, divorced wife, widower, or child of a deceased veteran or member of a uniformed service.
United States means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.
Veteran means an individual who served in the active military or naval service of the United States and was discharged or released from that service under conditions other than dishonorable. For a more detailed definition of the World War II veteran and a post-World War II veteran, see §§ _PHONE_ and _PHONE_.
Wage credit means a dollar amount we add to the earnings record of a veteran of the World War II or the post-World War II period. It is also a dollar amount we add to the earnings record of a member of a uniformed service who was on active duty from 1957 through 2001. The amount is set out in the Act and is added for each month, calendar quarter, or calendar year of service as required by law.
We, us, or our means the Social Security Administration.
World War II period means the time period September 16, 1940, through July 24, 1947.
You or your means a veteran, a veteran's survivor or a member of a uniformed service applying for or entitled to a social security benefit or a lump-sum death payment.
[45 FR 16464, Mar. 14, 1980, as amended at 70 FR 11865, Mar. 10, 2005]


text: Time-lapse seismic modeling is routinely used to detect the state of hydrocarbon reservoirs at periodic time intervals. The Dickman field located in the U. S. midcontinent provides two possible sequestration targets: a regional deep saline reservoir is the primary objective, and a shallower, mature, depleted oil reservoir is a secondary objective. The goal of this work is to characterize and simulate monitoring of the movement before, during, and after its injection into these sequestration targets, including fluid flow paths, reservoir property changes, containment, and postinjection stability. Seismic images before, during, and after injection would improve understanding of the carbonate sequestration process and management. Our seismic simulation for time-lapse monitoring was based on flow simulator output over a 250-year injection and simulation period. The seismic response was accomplished via convolutional (1D) forward modeling. This work will provide an evaluation for the effectiveness of 4D seismic monitoring in providing assurance of long-term containment.


text:
ok so i have a test tomorrow and i cannot seem to get the final part of this practice problem right.
4. Write a program to open a file for reading that has twenty (20) rows and in each row there are three (3) columns. After reading each row call a user-defined function to display each row and average of each row as follows and print the results on the monitor. Assume all the numbers are integer. If the file can't be opened you should prompt "Invalid file" and exit. (24 points)
Row 1: 2 3 4 and Average = 3
Row 2: 7 8 0 and Average = 5
Heres my code...only the function is included i got the rest and i ask the user for the rows and columns so i passed that with pointers to the function.
void Raverage(float (*ptx), float *row, float *col)
int c = 1;
float mean = 0;
for (int i = 0, x = 0; i < *row; i++,x++)
for (int j = 0; j < *col; j++)
mean += *(*(ptx + i) + j); // saves the sum of each row
cout << "row " << c++ << " " << *(*(ptx + i) + x) << " and average = " << mean / *col << endl;
mean = 0;


% 15.6% 53.4% 30.0%
80 0.3% 8.3% 47.8% 43.6%
The second level perk of the Dynasty Legacy "Kin" states "Dynasty members get better education". In the game code this is achieved by setting the education variable for the ninth and final roll to success equaling three points and failure equaling two points. In essence the Legacy Perk provides the child a guaranteed two education variable points, with the final Education Roll providing an opportunity to earn one extra point. This Perk means a child will need to have successful Education Rolls on seven of the eight rolls to earn a four star education trait.
Education Trait Level Chances with Level 2 Kin Dynasty Perk
Success (%) 1 2 3 4
50 14.1% 49.2% 32.8% 3.5%
60 (Base) 4.9% 35.6% 48.8% 10.6%
63 3.3% 30.4% 52.1% 14.1%
66 2.2% 25.1% 54.3% 18.4%
70 1.1% 18.3% 55.1% 25.5%
75 0.4% 11.0% 51.9% 36.7%
80 0.1% 5.5% 44.0% 50.3%
Traits factor[edit]
The game bases the education success chance on the Success Factor and the Failure Factor.
The Base Success Factor is 60, and increased by positive traits of the child and the guardian, the education matches with childhood trait, and the attributes of the guardian.
The Base Failure Factor is 40, and increased by negative traits of the child/guardian, the education mismatches the childhood trait, and when he doesn't have a guardian.
The outcome will be the formula below.
or a default 60% chance when there's no additional factors involved.
For instance, a child with the "Genius" congenital trait adds 20 to the Success Factor. Under this circumstance, the Genius trait increases the odds of a successful Education Roll from 60% to 66.6%. The example math is provided below.
A guardian with the intelligence trait of Genius provides a Success Factor of 15. If a genius child (20) is being educated by a genius guardian (15) the chances of a successful Education Roll becomes 70.4%, with the example math provided below.
At the age of 3 each child is assigned a Childhood Trait. If the child's Focus does not match the Trait there is a factor of 20 added to the Failure Factor. For instance, if a child has the trait "Bossy" and the focus is Diplomacy, the child would receive the factor of 20 to Failure Factor. In this circumstance, the chance of a successful Education Roll drops to 50%.
The positive Traits a child and guardian can have that increase the Success Factor are provided in the chart below.
Trait Child Trait Factor Guardian Trait Factor
 Genius 20 15
 Intelligent 15 10
 Quick / Shrewd 10 5
Childhood trait Matching 20 N/A
The negative Traits a child and guardian can have that increase the Failure Factor are provided in the chart below.
Trait Child Trait Factor Guardian Trait Factor
 Slow / Dull 10 5
 Stupid 15 10
 Imbecile 20 15
Childhood trait Not Matching 20 N/A
No Guardian N/A 20
Attributes factor[edit]
The success of the Education Roll is also determined by the guardian's relevant attribute points. The "Primary Attribute" for a guardian (more important attribute) is the one which matches the focus of the child, and is determined by that value times 0.4. A guardian's Diplomacy attribute is part of the Factor for a child with a diplomacy focus. The "Secondary Attribute" is the guardian's Learning, which is multiplied by 0.2. The formula is shown below.
For instance a child with a focus in Diplomacy has a guardian with a 10 Diplomacy Attribute and a 15 Learning Attribute will provide a Success Factor of +7.
Guardian Attribute Quick Math
Guardian Attribute Child Focus Learning Factor
5 2 2 2 2 2 1
10 4 4 4 4 4 2
15 6 6 6 6 6 3
20 8 8 8 8 8 4
25 10 10 10 10 10 5
30 12 12 12 12 12 6
The Education Roll bonus provided by guardians with congenital traits of Genius, Intelligent and Quick (or the non-congenital Shrewd) are significantly more important than the attributes of the guardian alone. Under these circumstances an "underachieving" Genius guardian can provide equal value with a character with amazing stats.
Therefore the most important factors when choosing a guardian are:
 1. Someone you trust not to kill your child
 2. Genius
 3. Intelligent
 4. Quick / Shrewd
 5. Value of Primary Attribute (which matches child's focus)
 6. Learning Attribute
A Genius guardian with 5 Diplomacy and Learning Attributes will provide a Factor of +18 (15 + 2 + 1) and successful Education Roll chance of 66% on a average child, while a guardian with 30 Diplomacy and 30 Learning Attributes will provide a Factor of +18 (12 + 6) and successful Education Roll chance of 66%.
Hypothetical Guardian Attributes
Guardian Congenital Trait
Guardian 1 Genius 5 4 2 3 5
Guardian 2 None 30 33 32 28 30
Prowess trait[edit]
Children undergoing a Martial education can also receive a Prowess education trait when they come of age. To qualify, the child's culture or the educator's culture[6] must have the Knighthood innovation and the child must be of a gender that can become knights. The system that determines which Prowess trait the child gets is completely separate from the other education traits. The perks, spouse or universities don't influence the outcome.
When the child finishes their education, the game creates a temporary score for them, which starts equal to the Martial education level they obtained. Then, the game changes this score depending on the child's physical traits (multiple traits stack):
Trait Prowess Factor
 Herculean +3
 Robust, Strong, Giant +2
 Hale +1
 Delicate, Spindly, Wheezing, Hunchbacked, Inbred, Bleeder -1
 Frail, Weak, Dwarf -2
 Feeble -3
Lastly, there's a 25% chance the score increases +2, 25% chance it decreases by -2, and 50% chance it stays unchanged.
The final score is then the child's Prowess education level.
Each character in the game has a hidden "weight" value which ranges from -100 to 100. If your weight is -50 or below, you gain the Malnourished modifier, and the "Gain Weight" decision becomes available to you. If your weight is 50 or above, you gain the Obese modifier, and the "Lose Weight" decision becomes available to you.[7] Being obese or malnourished gives −1 Health.
In addition to a character's current weight, each character also has a hidden "target weight" value, based mostly on traits, which is the weight they are drifting toward. Every year, your real weight will drift closer to your target weight. When you feast, your target weight[8] increases by 7[9], and when you hunt, your target weight[10] decreases by 4[11]. Afterward, your weight will eventually drift back toward your target weight. The "Lose Weight" decision decreases your target weight, and the "Gain Weight" decision adds to your target weight. Ending those decisions brings your target weight back to what it was before.
Switching to a Martial lifestyle will move your target weight closer to 0 (so that if you are underweight, your target weight will increase somewhat, and if you are overweight, your target weight will decrease somewhat). Being a Novice Hunter, Hunter, or Master Hunter, will also move your target weight closer to 0 by successive amounts.
The following traits and events also affect a character's target weight:[7]
Effect on target weight Traits / Events
Large increase Gluttonous, Lazy, Comfort Eater, "Gain weight" decision
Moderate increase Drunkard, Hashishiyah, Gregarious, Greedy, Calm, Trusting, Legendary Reveler
Slight increase Patient, Arrogant, Ambitious, Eager Reveler, Famous Reveler
Slight decrease Shy, Humble, Zealous, Craven, Temperate
Moderate decrease Imprisoned, Diligent, Wrathful, Leper, Impatient, Content, Fickle, Vengeful, Generous
Large decrease Consumption, Cancer


To use with X-Plane 10
X-Plane is a bit special and requires several advanced steps to achieve read and write data to it via network connection without any extra add-on installed. You must follow the steps listed here to get it to work.
Setting the network addresses
1. Check the Android device "IP : Port" below the WAITING alert.
In this example the IP Address is and local port 49003.
Depend on your network configuration the address can be changed any time you reconnect your device to WiFi.
2. Go to Menu Settings > Net Connections
3. Select the Data tab, mark the checkbox labeled "IP of data receiver …" and put the IP and Port shown on device.
Values remarked in blue must be set on Android device.
4. Check device settings: Menu > Settings > NETWORK > X-Plane 10 parameters
5. Set the Simulator IP Address marked with blue arrow in step 3.
Usually in X-Plane only one IP address is listed, but if several have to look at the more digits coinciding with the device (i.e. 192.168.1.xx, the first three blocks of numbers are equal)
6. Local port and Simulator port do not need to be changed, but check it matches the X-Plane port labeled "port that we receive on" (blue box at step 3).
Limiting excessive data
1. Go to Menu Settings > Data Input & Output
2. At lower right corner set UDP rate to 06.0 /sec.
3. Close window.
DHCP is a network service that provides IP addresses to devices dynamically.
In the event that your access point or router has the DHCP service enabled (usually it is) you can avoid repeating the "setting the network addresses" section reserving a fixed IP address for the device in the DHCP service. If you are unsure how to do it consult a qualified technician.


Very First King of England?
King Egbert of Wessex is considered to be the first king of England and came to power in 827AD. He ruled until 839 AD and is buried at Winchester. Egbert was succeeded by his son King Ethelwulf, who ruled from 839 to 858 AD as the second king of England.
Q&A Related to "Very First King of England?"
The king of England in 1776, and during the entire revolution was King George III. This is the king that levied all of the taxes on the colonies which eventually led to their rebellion
Type your answer here.
In 927 AD Athelstan became the first king to reign over a united England, ChaCha on!
Technically it was King Egbert of Wessex for a brief period in AD 827, when he ruled over the kingdoms that made up England; however, this came to an end in 886 when London was taken
Explore this Topic
According to, the first King of England was...
The very first reigning Queen of England was Mary Tudor. Mary was queen for a short five years, from 1553 to 1558. Most historians consider her reign to be unfruitful...
A King is a ruler of an Empire or country such as England. They are considered to be Royalty. A king can even be a baron or someone who is very wealthy and powerful...


text:
Pets tend to fracture their teeth much more commonly than do people. And dogs definitely outnumber cats when it comes to traumatic dental problems. Cats don't tend to do the goofy things dogs do, like chew rocks or chase cows, so we see fewer cats for fractured teeth.
The six teeth most commonly broken in both dogs and cats are the four canine teeth (fangs) and the upper fourth premolars (mostly dogs). The canine teeth break because they are used to grab things that are moving fast (thrown rocks) or running away (collars of other dogs when playing). They also stick up further than any of the teeth around them, making them more prone to being impacted by things carried in the mouth. And being at the front of the mouth, they are what is hit first when the animal is hit in the face (as by a car, or an accidental kick).
Unfortunately, these six teeth are six of only eight teeth in the entire mouth that we really want to keep! We call them strategic teeth because of their importance. Our pets can do without almost any of their other teeth; these are the important guys. The canine teeth keep the lips out of the mouth and the tongue in. The cat on the right is missing an upper canine, and you can see that his upper lip is perpetually becoming caught in his lower tooth. He has a scar on the upper lip from the chronic rubbing and ulceration.
The upper fourth premolars match up with the lower first molars to provide most of the chewing activity when the pet eats. The photo to the left shows a normal set of dog teeth. His nose is to the left. The large tooth to the left is the upper fourth premolar. The big tooth below it is the lower first molar. Notice that they are tall and thin, and fit together much like the blades on a pair of scissors. These are shearing teeth, and the full force of the bite is concentrated in their tips. Breaking these teeth is not a good idea! But try telling that to the dog obsessed with rocks.
Canine teeth tend to break straight across the crown, or at an angle. In order to save these teeth we often need to do a root canal, which removes any painful nerve remnants and pulp, and seals the tooth so that is cannot become infected in the future. In this puppy tooth, you can see that the pulp chamber in the center of the tooth is exposed (where the bit of blood is). This is a direct conduit to the tooth root. If left untreated the root will inevitably become infected (abscessed) at some point in time. In this puppy, we simply extracted the tooth. In an adult, we would do a root canal.
Remember what I said about the chewing teeth having a lot of pressure on the pointy tips? Well, if you get something hard between those two tips and apply a lot of force, there is a ton of outward pressure on the point of the upper tooth. When this tooth breaks, it often forms a "slab fracture", where the tip breaks off and takes the whole side of the tooth with it.
This is an example of a slab fracture. We are looking at the tooth at an odd angle, actually toward the roof of the mouth with the mouth open, so you are seeing the chewing surface of the tooth. The black ridges at the bottom of the picture are the ridges in the roof of the mouth. This dog had some black pigmentation in the mouth, which is normal. The line down the length of the tooth is where it is broken. You can see a brown circle where the very tip of the tooth used to be - it was broken here some time ago, and the brown spot is exposed dentin. The black stuff that looks like it is in the fracture itself actually is - that is bark from the stick the dog was chewing when the tooth broke. This tooth was not repairable even with a root canal, due to the extensive damage.
This tooth, on the other hand, was saved. We don't do a lot of crowns, but this dog is an inveterate chewer. She broke both of her upper fourth premolars at a fairly young age, and had lots of chewing years ahead of her. She broke two of the standard post-root canal restorations used on the teeth, so her owners elected to go with metal crowns and be done with it. She is doing great now, many years later, and no longer has the worry (or expense) of repeatedly breaking these teeth.


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See also RISKMAN – 20 Years After
SOFTWARE FOR RISK ANALYSIS
RISKMAN is a completely integrated menu and window-driven software system for performing quantitative risk analysis. This software has been used to perform large and comprehensive probabilistic safety assessments for aerospace, nuclear power, and chemical process industries. RISKMAN is designed to run on personal computers with certain versions of the Microsoft operating system; with Windows-XP, Windows-Vista and Windows-7 (32 bit). It insulates the user as much as is possible from having to know about the computer and, therefore, helps to automate activities such as data backup and printer control.
RISKMAN is composed of four main modules: Data Analysis, Systems Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, and Fragility Analysis. It also contains three smaller modules for follow-on applications: Mini-Monitor (for assessing time-dependent plant configuration risk profiles), fire scenario screening (to quickly identify the most important from many postulated fires scenarios), and Big Loop Monte Carlo (for uncertainty analysis).
There are also options for software system maintenance, backup and restore, software updates, printer font, and page control. Also integrated into the software are interfaces to fault tree programs such as: CAFTA, FTREX, and SAPHIRE.
RISKMAN embodies the ABS Consulting's scenario-based engineering approach. It uses event sequence diagrams, fault trees, and event trees for display and calculations, allows for system-specific data updates, and accounts for dependencies between systems.
The development of RISKMAN is a guided by the RISKMAN Technology Group (RTG), a software users� group now in its 21st year. The RISKMAN Technology Group (RTG) is an association, composed of licensees of the RISKMAN integrated software package, formed to advise and support ABS Consulting in the continued development of the RISKMAN code.
The RTG was formed in 1989 and is composed of member organizations representing probabilistic safety assessment analysts and practitioners in the United States, Europe, and Asia.
The RTG meets yearly to establish priorities for planned enhancements to RISKMAN, determine an appropriate membership fee, and elect a steering committee. A new release of RISKMAN is developed a year, incorporating the enhancements approved by the RTG, and is supplied to each RTG member.
RISKMAN, Release 13.0 is currently in use. The annual RTG membership fee per site is $18,000.
Brief descriptions of the four main modules are provided below.
Data Analysis Module of RISKMAN
The data analysis module of RISKMAN (software for risk management) is an integrated package for Bayesian data analysis and database management. The program consists of several distinct functions which are described below:
- Development of distributions for event frequencies and mean durations and update of distributions using Bayesian data analysis techniques.
- Perform simple mathematical operations on distributions using Monte Carlo Sampling.
- Database management functions and reports.
Development of Distributions
Here the user is allowed the option of creating a distribution, or performing either a one-stage or a two-stage Bayesian update. The following options are available for creating distributions:
- Lognormal distributions
- Normal distributions
- Beta distributions
- Gamma distributions
- Uniform distributions
- Weibull distributions
- User input histograms and Discrete Probability Distributions (DPD)
- Distribution based on empirical data and expert opinion
- Addition and multiplication of distributions
- Addition and multiplication of distributions with constants
- Merging distributions
- Maximum and minimum of distributions
- Editing titles and notes of distributions
- Deleting distributions and input data for two-stage distributions
- Cloning input data and output distributions
- Distribution reports
- Prior-posterior distribution reports
- Two-stage distribution input data reports
- Probability density and cumulative probability graphs
- Export/Import of distributions in ASCII format
- Distribution graphs and experts in.bmp and.pdf formats
- Summary report of distributions presenting the main characteristics of 5th, 50th, 95th, and the mean values, and if applicable, the mean of the prior distributions and the data used in updating.
In a simple one-stage update, the prior distribution is specified by the user using the above options for distributions or an existing distribution in the database may be retrieved. This prior distribution is then updated using site-specific data.
The first stage of the two-stage update allows the use of data from many sources (empirical and expert opinion) to be first combined into a "generic distribution". Such a distribution maintains the source to source variability and is used as a prior for the second stage. In the second stage, this prior distribution is updated with site-specific data to generate a posterior distribution.
Perform simple mathematical operations
Simple operations may be performed with the distributions that exist in the database such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, scaler multiplication.
All of the above except the operation with constants are performed using Monte Carlo Sampling. Operations may be combined into a one-step calculation by writing equations.
Database management functions and reports
The software allows the basic management options for the database. These are:
The software is user-friendly and interactive for all operations. Batch functions are available for single-stage Bayesian updates and for printing reports. In addition, if a prior distribution were to be revised, a one-step operation is available to identify all the posterior distributions in the database based on this prior. A batch run for the revision of all these posteriors can then very quickly be assembled.
Limits of the Data Analysis Module
The Data Analysis module does not have a limit on the number of distributions.
Systems Analysis Module of RISKMAN
The Systems Analysis module is used to create failure frequency and unavailability models for individual systems. Fault tree logic as well as algebraic models can be developed.
The standard approach is to input fault tree graphics using RISKMAN's own fault tree software package or standard textual fault tree input. The module also interfaces with other fault tree programs such as CAFTA and SAPHIRE and can read ASCII input files. The fault tree logic models are solved using a built in cutsets algorithm, the same algorithm as programmed in to SAPHIRE.
The unique features of this module are:
- Automatic addition of common cause failure modes to specified component groups.
- Ability to quantify a system for several different initial system configurations or alignments (such as entire system available, one train in maintenance, etc.).
- Ability to quantify the top event models for multiple boundary conditions (such as all support systems available, one power train unavailable, etc.).
The quantification of the cutsets for each top event can be performed using point estimates, or Monte Carlo sampling for uncertainty propagation. The user may select the rare event approximation, or the min-cut upper bound approach to cutset totaling. The fault tree defined for a system may be used to evaluate the initiating event frequency. The module reads data variables from the database created in the Data Analysis module as well as local variable defined in the Systems module. The quantified Top Event and Conditional Split Fraction values are available to the Event Tree module.
The Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) quantification algorithm is also available. The BDD approach translates the fault tree into an equivalent BDD, and then walks the BDD to evaluate leaf probabilities. Advantages of the BDD approach include; speed of quantification, no limit on minimal cutsets quantified, larger fault trees allowed, exact treatment of success events and not gates, exact totaling of cutset contributors, and no frequency truncation. Point estimate and Monte Carlo BDD quantification are possible.
The reports from the module provide detailed listing of contributors by alignment, cutset, and basic event importance. Systems Analysis reports may be generated for System Notebooks.
Limits of the Systems Analysis Module
Fault Tree Limits:
80 Character limit for symbol/description
16 Character limit for symbol name
Maximum Number of Cutsets Saved per Top Event (no limit for the BDD quantification approach): 102,400
Maximum Number of Split Fractions per Quantification Run: 3,000
Maximum Number of Initial System Alignments per Split Fraction: 64
Event Tree Analysis Module of RISKMAN
The Event Tree Analysis module of RISKMAN will allow the user to create an event tree and perform event tree quantification. The module uses a database for the tree nodes (Top Events). This database may be developed manually or may be developed automatically from the fault tree analysis output.
The module allows linking event tree modules and develops accident sequences. The sequences are placed in a database that can be used for risk management analysis. Any number of branches may be placed at each node, i.e., both binary and multi-state top events are supported.
Cutoff frequencies may be provided so that during quantification, sequences whose probability falls below the cutoff are not quantified in the analysis. This feature speeds the quantification and makes it possible to build very large event trees, quantify the highest frequencies and bypass the insignificant frequencies. The sequence frequencies truncated by this process are totaled exactly to assure convergence.
Using the sequence database, the module performs importance rankings at all levels; i.e., systems, top events, conditional split fractions, boundary conditions, initial conditions, components and basic events. Computed importance measures include Fussel-Vesely, Risk Achievement, Risk Reduction, Birnbaum, and Fractional Importance.
Limits of the Event Tree Module
Up to 30 event trees with a total of 500 top events (nodes)
Up to 300 top events for a single event tree
No limit on number of sequences
Fragility Analysis Module of RISKMAN
This module accepts seismic hazard characteristics (or for other similar hazards such as for high winds), equipment and structure fragility information and develops the likelihood of failure for equipment or buildings subject to the hazards. Discrete intervals of the hazard curves are used to integrate the equipment/structure fragilities to calculate the equipment


is the original IRC message hash like it is returned by parse_irc_msg.
error => $code, $message, $ircmsg
Emitted when any error occurs. $code is the 3 digit error id string from RFC 1459 or the string 'ERROR'. $message is a description of the error. $ircmsg is the complete error irc message.
You may use AnyEvent::IRC::Util::rfc_code_to_name to convert $code to the error name from the RFC 2812. eg.:
 rfc_code_to_name ('471') => 'ERR_CHANNELISFULL'
NOTE: This event is also emitted when a 'ERROR' message is received.
debug_send => $command, _USER_
Is emitted everytime some command is sent.
debug_recv => $ircmsg
Is emitted everytime some command was received.
$cl = AnyEvent::IRC::Client->new (%args)
This is the constructor of a AnyEvent::IRC::Client object, which stands logically for a client connected to ONE IRC server. You can reuse it and call connect once it disconnected.
NOTE: You are free to use the hash member heap to store any associated data with this object. For example retry timers or anything else.
%args may contain these options:
send_initial_whois => $bool
If this option is enabled an initial WHOIS command is sent to your own NICKNAME to determine your own ident. See also the method nick_ident. This is necessary to ensure that the information about your own nickname is available as early as possible for the send_long_message method.
$bool is false by default.
$cl->connect ($host, $port)
$cl->connect ($host, $port, $info)
This method does the same as the connect method of AnyEvent::Connection, but if the $info parameter is passed it will automatically register with the IRC server upon connect for you, and you won't have to call the register method yourself. If $info only contains the timeout value it will not automatically connect, this way you can pass a custom connect timeout value without having to register.
The keys of the hash reference you can pass in $info are:
 nick - the nickname you want to register as
 user - your username
 real - your realname
 password - the server password
 timeout - the TCP connect timeout
All keys, except nick are optional.
$cl->register ($nick, $user, $real, $server_pass)
Sends the IRC registration commands NICK and USER. If $server_pass is passed also a PASS command is generated.
NOTE: If you passed the nick, user, etc. already to the connect method you won't need to call this method, as AnyEvent::IRC::Client will do that for you.
$cl->set_nick_change_cb ($callback)
This method lets you modify the nickname renaming mechanism when registering the connection. $callback is called with the current nickname as first argument when a ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE or ERR_UNAVAILRESOURCE error occurs on login. The return value of $callback will then be used to change the nickname.
If $callback is not defined the default nick change callback will be used again.
The default callback appends '_' to the end of the nickname supplied in the register routine.
If the callback returns the same nickname that was given it the connection will be terminated.
$cl->nick ()
Returns the current nickname, under which this connection is registered at the IRC server. It might be different from the one that was passed to register as a nick-collision might happened on login.
$cl->is_my_nick ($string)
This returns true if $string is the nick of ourself.
$cl->registered ()
Returns a true value when the connection has been registered successful and you can send commands.
$cl->channel_list ()
$cl->channel_list ($channel)
Without $channel parameter: This returns a hash reference. The keys are the currently joined channels in lower case. The values are hash references which contain the joined nicks as key (NOT in lower case!) and the nick modes as values (as returned from nick_modes ()).
If the $channel parameter is given it returns the hash reference of the channel occupants or undef if the channel does not exist.
$cl->nick_modes ($channel, $nick)
This returns the mode map of the $nick on $channel. Returns undef if the channel isn't joined or the user is not on it. Returns a hash reference with the modes the user has as keys and 1's as values.
$cl->send_msg (...)
See also AnyEvent::IRC::Connection.
$cl->send_srv ($command, _USER_)
This function sends an IRC message that is constructed by mk_msg (undef, $command, _USER_) (see AnyEvent::IRC::Util). If the registered event has NOT yet been emitted the messages are queued until that event is emitted, and then sent to the server.
NOTE: If you stop the registered event (with stop_event, see Object::Event) in a callback registered to the before_registered event, the send_srv queue will NOT be flushed and NOT sent to the server!
This allows you to simply write this:
 my $cl = AnyEvent::IRC::Client->new;
 $cl->connect ('', 6667, { nick => 'testbot' });
 $cl->send_srv (PRIVMSG => 'elmex', 'Hi there!');
Instead of:
 $cl->reg_cb (
 registered => sub {
 $cl->send_msg (PRIVMSG => 'elmex', 'Hi there!');
$cl->clear_srv_queue ()
Clears the server send queue.
$cl->send_chan ($channel, $command, _USER_)
This function sends a message (constructed by mk_msg (undef, $command, _USER_) to the server, like send_srv only that it will queue the messages if it hasn't joined the channel $channel yet. The queued messages will be send once the connection successfully JOINed the $channel.
$channel will be lowercased so that any case that comes from the server matches. (Yes, IRC handles upper and lower case as equal :-(
Be careful with this, there are chances you might not join the channel you wanted to join. You may wanted to join _TAG_ and the server redirects that and sends you that you joined _TAG_. You may use clear_chan_queue to remove the queue after some timeout after joining, so that you don't end up with a memory leak.
$cl->clear_chan_queue ($channel)
Clears the channel queue of the channel $channel.
my (_USER_) = $cl->send_long_message ($encoding, $overhead, $cmd, _USER_, $msg)
As IRC only allows 512 byte blocks of messages and sometimes your messages might get longer, you have a problem. This method will solve your problem:
This method can be used to split up long messages into multiple commands.
$cmd and _USER_ are the IRC command and it's first parameters, except the last one: the $msg. $msg can be a Unicode string, which will be encoded in $encoding before sending.
If you want to send a CTCP message you can encode it in the $cmd by appending the CTCP command with a "\001". For example if you want to send a CTCP ACTION you have to give this $cmd:
 $cl->send_long_message (undef, 0, "PRIVMSG\001ACTION", "_TAG_", "rofls");
$encoding can be undef if you don't need any recoding of $msg. But in case you want to send Unicode it is necessary to determine where to split a message exactly, to not break the encoding.
Please also note that the nick_ident for your own nick is necessary to compute this. To ensure best performance as possible use the send_initial_whois option if you want to use this method.
But note that this method might not work 100% correct and you might still get at least partially chopped off lines if you use send_long_message before the WHOIS reply to send_initial_whois arrived.
To be on the safest side you might want to wait until that initial WHOIS reply arrived.
The return value of this method is the list of the actually sent lines (but without encoding applied).
$cl->enable_ping ($interval, $cb)
This method enables a periodical ping to the server with an interval of $interval seconds. If no PONG was received from the server until the next interval the connection will be terminated or the callback in $cb will be called.
($cb will have the connection object as it's first argument.)
Make sure you call this method after the connection has been established. (eg. in the callback for the registered event).
$cl->lower_case ($str)
Converts the given string to lowercase according to CASEMAPPING setting given by the IRC server. If none was sent, the default - rfc1459 - will be used.
$cl->eq_str ($str1, $str2)
This function compares two strings, whether they are describing the same IRC entity. They are lower cased by the networks case rules and compared then.
$cl->isupport ()
$cl->isupport ($key)
Provides access to the ISUPPORT variables sent by the IRC server. If $key is given this method will return its value only, otherwise a hashref with all values is returned
$cl->split_nick_mode ($prefixed_nick)
This method splits the $prefix_nick (eg. '+elmex') up into the mode of the user and the nickname.
This method returns 2 values: the mode map and the nickname.
The mode map


text:
I've always read that normal users should stick with AdobeRGB and not use ProPhoto for the working color space. But why? Does it affect the ability to edit and make sense of color changes?
I ask because Lightroom sends work to Photoshop using ProPhoto (by default) and there are also considerations to not use different color space for image and working. In fact, PictoColor does not work unless the image profile matches the working space.
So, why not set Photoshop to use ProPhoto for its "working space"?


Home Page
For information about Coronavirus, please go to Useful Information for Parents - Coronavirus
Gases Around Us
I can name several gases and identify one way in which each is useful to us
I know the properties of solids, liquids and gases
I know that the process which takes place when water changes to a gas is evaporation
I can use measuring jugs or cylinders to make measurements of volume
I can repeat measurements to check results
I can explain that bubbles appear because the water pushes the air (gas) out of the spaces between the particles of soil