Step-by-step instructions for QT and KDE under Linux
WARNING --- This information is obsolete. Go here instead.
1- Introduction
This has been tested on Linux-x86 platforms with binutils >= 2.10.0.
The experimental PPC support is really experimental.
The dynamic loading speed is best measured using the LD_DEBUG=statistics option of the dynamic loader. For instance, the dynamical loading time of konqueror can be measured with the following command:
 bash$ LD_DEBUG=statistics konqueror
 26923: runtime linker statistics:
 26923: total start-up time in dynamic loader: 358288994 clock cycles
 26923: time needed for relocation: 355202059 clock cycles (99.1)
 26923: number of relocations: 53651
 26923: time needed to load objects: _PHONE_ clock cycles (.7)
The critical number is the number of relocations which counts the number of relocations that require a symbol lookup. The time measurements are very dependent on the content of the disk buffers. The most reliable measurements are obtained by repeating the command several times and ignoring the first measurement.
2- Compile objprelink
Download the lastest source code objprelink.c. Uncompress and compile with the following command:
 $ gcc -o objprelink -O2 objprelink.c /usr/lib/libbfd.a /usr/lib/libiberty.a
Then place the binary somewhere in your path (e.g. /usr/local/bin). I suggest using the static libraries because some distributions provide a first package with the bfd shared library and a second package with the include files and the static libraries. These packages do not always match. Using the static libraries ensure that the include file is current with respect to the code.
Slackware 8.0 users can check Rob Kaper's post.
3- Rebuild QT
The following instructions apply to QT-2.3.1 under Linux.
Download the qt source tarball from the usual places. Patch file configs/linux-g++-shared using qt-configs.patch. Then run configure and make.
 qt-2.3.1$ patch <../qt-configs.patch
 qt-2.3.1$ export QTDIR='pwd'
 qt-2.3.1$ configure -shared -xft -gif -system-jpeg -system-libpng
 qt-2.3.1$ make src-moc sub-src
The shared libraries are then found in directory lib.
You can now compare the number of relocations in the installed version of qt (found in /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/ on my machine) with the new one. This can be achieved with the countreloc shell script.
 $ countreloc /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/
 16915 R_386_32
 2690 R_386_GLOB_DAT
 5040 R_386_JUMP_SLOT
 4926 R_386_RELATIVE
 $ countreloc./lib/
 4563 R_386_32
 2690 R_386_GLOB_DAT
 5039 R_386_JUMP_SLOT
 21669 R_386_RELATIVE
These numbers depend on your versions of the qt library and on the options selected when doing configure. But the order of magnitude should be correct. Then you can carefully save the installed version and replace it with the new one (danger)
 # mkdir /usr/SAVEDLIBS
 # mv /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/ /usr/SAVEDLIBS
 # cp ./lib/ /usr/lib/qt-2.3.1/
 # ldconfig
Then run some QT programs and check that everything is working properly. Complete the test by logging out from KDE and logging in again. Here is what you should see if redo the konqueror command:
 bash$ LD_DEBUG=statistics konqueror
 26927: runtime linker statistics:
 26927: total startup time in dynamic loader: 292051810 clock cycles
 26927: time needed for relocation: 288954243 clock cycles (98.9)
 26927: number of relocations: 41299
 26927: time needed to load objects: _PHONE_ clock cycles (.9)
This is a little bit better (but not much yet).
4- Rebuild KDE
It is then time to recompile the KDE packages. The most critical ones are kdelibs and kdebase. Both can be compiled using the following procedure. You must first obtain the KDE source code from the usual places. Read carefully the KDE compilation instructions and run the following commands:
 $ make -f Makefile.cvs
 $ configure --enable-objprelink
 $ make
The option --enable-objprelink hacks the libtool shell script. Versions of KDE older than 2.2.1 do not have this option. You should see the objprelink command run on every object files just before linking a library or an executable. You can then install the new package with the usual precautions. After recompiling kdelibs and kdebase you should obtain the following result:
 bash$ LD_DEBUG=statistics konqueror
 26891: runtime linker statistics:
 26891: total startup time in dynamic loader: 171268316 clock cycles
 26891: time needed for relocation: 168954584 clock cycles (98.6)
 26891: number of relocations: 21143
 26891: time needed to load objects: _PHONE_ clock cycles (1.2)
The dynamic loading time has been reduced by a factor of two. It is time to focus now on konqueror's other bottlenecks.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $N$ be a normal $p$-subgroup of finite centerless group $G$ such that $G/N\cong A_{5}$. Is it possible $G/N\cong \leq $Aut$(Z(N))$?
share|improve this question
Background, origin of problem, ideas, insights, self work...? – DonAntonio Oct 22 '12 at 17:37
Is this really the question you want? Every finite group is a subgroup of Aut(Z(N)) for some p-group N. – Jack Schmidt Oct 22 '12 at 17:42
What does $\cong\le$ mean? – Derek Holt Oct 22 '12 at 18:00
_USER_ "isomorphic to a subgroup" perhaps? – Alexander Gruber Oct 22 '12 at 21:37
_USER_: Isomorphic to a subgroup. This question related to my former question. – Ros Oct 23 '12 at 2:54
1 Answer 1
Let $p$ be a prime number and $Q$ be a finite group with no normal $p$-subgroups.
Define $N$ to be the direct sum of the simple $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}[Q]$-modules other than the trivial module. Then $Q$ acts faithfully on $N$, and no nonzero element of $N$ is centralized by all elements of $Q$. Notice $Z(N)=N$. Let $G$ be the semi-direct product of $Q$ acting on $N$.
Then $G$ is a finite centerless group with $G/N \cong Q$, and the map $gN \mapsto ( n \mapsto g^{-1} n g)$ is an injective homomorphism from $G/N$ into $\operatorname{Aut}(Z(N))$.
If $Q$ has normal $p$-subgroups, then $G$ is no-longer centerless, and we may need to choose a more complicated $N$ (still abelian, but possibly including the trivial module, and possibly not semi-simple) in order to embed $G/N$ in $\operatorname{Aut}(Z(N))$.
Of course for $A_5$ we need not worry about normal $p$-subgroups, and we can be pretty explicit about $N$. However, I don't understand what could motivate you to ask this question and suspect you meant to ask something else.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
We've got a couple of hogs in with harvest mite infestations now.
Harvest mites attack animals (and humans) during their larval period, which is the only stage that attacks animals. These larvae are present on vegetation and are active during the day, especially when it is dry and sunny. When they come into contact with any warm blooded animal they swarm on and congregate in areas where there is little hair and the skin is quite thin. This usually occurs especially towards the end of summer.
The larva feeds by thrusting its small hooked fangs into the surface layers of the skin, and then injects a fluid to break down the cells. The liquid food resulting from this process is sucked back into the digestive system of the larva. It will inject and suck for two to three days at the same site until it has increased in size three to four times. The larva then drops to the ground to complete its life cycle. It descends into the soil and after about six weeks becomes an eight-legged nymph and then an adult which eats plants and small insects. Eggs laid by the adult in the spring and summer hatch into the six-legged larva (known as harvest mites) and the cycle starts again.
When larvae inject fluid into the skin, this can cause a severe skin reaction in sensitive individuals leading to painful itchy patches of raw skin.
We treat against these mites with a topical application of a miticide.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Weather Stations - Edwards Aquifer Authority
Weather Stations
Hover over and click on the yellow location indicator and a pop up window appears with station identification information. Click on See Measurements for the latest conditions and data. The ArcGIS online map is located here.
Predicting Edwards Aquifer Recharge Using Potential Evapo-Transpiration (PET) Values
The EAA, with its partners (including Barton Springs Edwards Aquifer Conservation District, Bandera River Authority and Groundwater District, the Nueces River Authority, Cibolo Nature Center, Bat Conservation International), and private landowners, is developing a network of weather stations in our shared region. Since some water loss is due to evapo-transpiration (ET) after precipitation events, as such, ET is a valuable tool for improving recharge estimates and managing groundwater resources.
This shared network of weather stations collects climatic and soil moisture data that can be applied to calculate ET values at numerous locations throughout the Edwards Aquifer Recharge Zone and Contributing Zone. These data are collected every 15 minutes, and transmitted hourly through a telemetry network, available to the public through this EAA web page. Parameters collected at the weather stations are:
 1. Air Temperature
 2. Relative Humidity
 3. Barometric Pressure
 4. Precipitation
 5. Solar Radiation
 6. Dew Point
 7. Wind Direction
 8. Wind Speed
 9. Soil Moisture
Climatic data from of the weather stations aids in our understanding of how, when, and where the Aquifer recharges, and may be incorporated into numerical models that are used to support management of the Edwards Aquifer.


text:
Integrated Lite LMS with the Larmer Brown Platform
The Larmer Brown Platform's integrated 'Lite' LMS provides a learning portal that can be branded with your corporate colours and logo.
Utilising ten quiz templates, learner activity can be tracked and achievement proven without the need for additional investment in a Learning Management System (LMS).
If your organisation has an LMS, the content and/or tracking and reporting information can be exported / imported, aligning your project to your corporate strategy.
Learners access assigned learning content directly from the Lite LMS. Managers can track and report learner progress using a selection of reports. The following standard reports are available by single user, role and organisational unit:
- User Report
- User by Assignment
- User by Progress
- Lesson Reports
- Lessons by Assignment
- Lesson Step Report


text:
Parshuram did not stay with his parents. Instead he wanted to go for penance somewhere in Badrinath. Before leaving, he promised to visit his parents once a year. Renuka fair is held to commemorate Parshuram's visit to his mother. On the 10th day of the bright half of the month Kartika (November) the idol of Parshurarn, seated in a well decorated palanquin, is taken out in procession which treks the path of some eight kilometers from village Jamu to the site of the lake Renuka.
The two deities held as embodiments of the Lord Parshuram, from villages Kattah and Masu, also join the procession, which is attended by hill orchestra. A few folk dancers dressed in long garb with loose sleeves add to the gaiety of theprocession as they dance to the accompaniment of the folk music. On the Ilth day i.e. Ekadashi, the son stays with his mother and on the 12th afternoon he takes leave for Jamu with a promise to visit next year."*
The Minjar fair has different legends.
"The week-long festivities of the colorful Minjar fair of Chamba start on the second Sunday of Shrawan (August). When was Minjar first celebrated is not known but the present form of the fair is attributed to Raja Shahil Verma who ruled the State in the 10th century.
*The Cultural Heritage of the Himalayas by K. L. Vaidya, (National, 1977), page 34-35.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Breaking the Chains and Uniting Lives Campaign
Breaking the Chains and Uniting Lives Campaign: Mitigating the effects of the slave trade
Ho, GanaAtlanta, Estados Unidos
Year Founded:
Organization type:
nonprofit/ngo/citizen sector
Project Stage:
$1 million - $5 million
Project Summary
Elevator Pitch
The effects of the slave trade is still being felt by people of African origin living outside Africa and also by Africans living in the motherland. This project seeks to help them and Africans in Africa to re-unite towards the rebuilding of Africa through social interventions and entrepreneurship.
What if there was no slave trade? How would Africa look like today? Is it not sad that a group of people do not know their heritage? Is it still possible to bring back our brothers and sisters who want to come back home?
About Project
Problem: What problem is this project trying to address?
The importation of slaves from Africa to the rest of the world was outlawed in 1807 but was only realized in 1860s because of the continued demand for plantation labor. This unfair trade benefitted countries that participated in stripping Africa of its natural and human resources. Over the years, Africa has lagged behind in all facets of development. Also the descendants of slaves although recently granted human liberties still remain vulnerable
Solution: What is the proposed solution? Please be specific!
Firstly, using cutting edge technology to identify the lineage of people of African origin, we will be able to re-unite them to their tribes in Africa. Secondly, we shall help re-integrate them back into African societies if only they choose to, for them to contribute towards the development of Africa. Thirdly, we shall help the re-integrated individuals to either acquire jobs or create jobs through entrepreneurialism and social enterprise development. The root cause of the problems faced by Africans in Africa and in World will be addressed through the breaking the chains and unity campaigns. These activities will impact lives in the World and create an environment for the development of Africa in a sustainable way.
Impact: How does it Work
It will be fulfilling to see people of African origin re-unite with their roots, find their true identities and contribute towards the development of Africa. This project will take people of African origin living in all parts of the World to re-discover their true identities and help them find meaning, purpose and also contribute to a social course. The emancipation of black people of African origin especially the youth is not only important for the World but for Africa as well. This will be impactful considering the tourism as well as the social enterprise development components. This project will help the world heal itself from the effects of the darkest times of world history whilst ensuring equity for the development of Africa.
People of African origin will be integrated into African societies where they belong. They will know their true heritage, culture and history. Africa will benefit greatly from all the revenue generated in the process and also from the human resources as well as businesses that will be created. The world will be healed from the effects of the slave trade. Exchange of ideas, values, technologies and information. Rural communities will see the light of development and volunteerism will be revived in Africa. The Gross Domestic Products of many African countries will be increased due to the influx of income from tourism and all these associated activities including the emergence of many companies/firms involved in social enterprise projects across the continent.
With a headquarters in Ho, Volta Region of Ghana, we hope to expand to major cities across the West African sub-region and then to East, Central and Southern Africa. We shall work with governments in Africa to change policies and allow for smooth re-integration of blacks of African origin back into Africa. Also, we shall engage many partners across Africa towards smooth implementation of this project. In the wake of the Sustainable Development Goals, blacks everywhere in the world must participate towards the development of Africa, therefore this project will provide that opportunity to them.
DNA testing fees, counseling and guidance fees, travels and tourism packages, in-kind contributions from NGOs, businesses, individuals and donors. Also, hopefully businesses created as a result of this intervention will become profitable. The project in each country will create one major business entity that will be a pivotal project addressing the specific needs of some selected communities and generating revenue for sustainability.
No other institution is addressing this challenge the way we are addressing it.
Founding Story
Watching a youtube video about 8 hours to the deadline of this entrepreneurship award. This video highlighted the experience of a mother and a son (African Americans) who did a DNA test and found their origin to be the MAFA tribe of Cameroon. They visited Cameroon and had a question and answer session recorded and posted on youtube. Watching that video inspired this idea of mitigating the effects of the slave trade and also promoting tourism and cultural exchange in Africa. It then became clear that this idea will actually go a long way to impact lives across the globe and restore the dignity of Africa. The vulnerable black race will see progress if this idea is given the needed support.
Dr. John Saviour Yaw Eleblu, Executive Director/CEO, PhD in Plant Biology, full-time Miss Kekeli Oteng, Chief Operations Officer, BSc Biological Sciences, full-time Mr. Kwasi Akuffo, Finance Director, Accountant, full-time Mr. Yayra Dumenu, Chief Marketing Officer, full-time Mr. Christopher Kofi Eleblu, Auditor, Chartered Accountant, part-time Mr. Den Alexander Adovor, Coordinator of Programmes in Ghana, PhD student and Geologist, full-time Mr. Senyo Worlali, IT Officer, full-time
Please confirm how you heard about the Unilever Awards:
From a friend
Founder, CEO
No Poverty, Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Decent Work and Economic Growth.
Leadership and the Unilever Awards
Please provide examples of any previous entrepreneurial initiatives you have pioneered.
I created an NGO, Scientists in Development that is working towards community development in Ghana.
I am also a shareholder in a Farm Business, Yiri Investments Limited.
Prof. Eric Danquah, West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana.
Prof. Samuel Offei, University of Ghana


aya helped establish a government-run Kalamkari training center so as to train the next new generation of artists in Kalamkari. At the present time, there is a clear upsurge in interest in the art form by designers, NGOs and entrepreneurs living and working in nearby cities. A range of products are now created using Kalamkari cloth and are available for sale at craft exhibitions, small boutiques and even from the artists themselves. Kalamkari paintings now enjoy flourishing trade on a global scale. The J.J.School of Art in Mumbai, India, is now experimenting with this art form on Silk Ikat and Pochampally Silks.
Phad Painting
Phad painting, a beautiful, vivacious form of Indian folk art, has now become acknowledged on a global scale. Phad paintings are in fact, the most famous form of painting in Rajasthan. Phad paintings are characterized by their own unique styles and patterns. They are especially appreciated as they use vibrant colors and quaint historical themes, the life and times of valorous heroes and so on. The unique style and use of themes of Phad paintings are responsible for making them the most sought after paintings in the world of art and culture. The most popular heroes of Phad paintings include Prithviraj Chauhan, Goga Chauhan, Amar Singh Rathore, Papuji and so on.
Technique of Phad painting
Phad painting is usually done on Khadi fabric. Most popular themes also include scenes from everyday rural life, the daily life of artisans and farmers, flora and fauna, animals and birds and so on. The smaller version of the phada is known as phadakye. This form of folk art painting uses natural earthen colors mixed with water, gum and indigo, in a certain measure, to get the required colors.
Phad painting is generally known to be a sort of scroll painting. These paintings use various shades of the same color to arrive at the desired effect. The main themes of the Phad paintings depict major Hindu deities and their legends, as also tales of maharajas and their kingdoms. Here, the outlines are drawn in blocks and are then filled with colors.
The other speciality of Phad painting is the two-dimensional character of the figures and the arrangement of the entire picture neatly being arranged in sections.
Phad Paintings use bold and vibrant colors. The colors employed are generally vegetable dyes and are used in a fixed order starting from orange-yellow to brown, bold greens and blues, red and black. The effect this creates, gives the onlooker a feeling of transcending time and actually entering the realm of the story being narrated through the means of the canvas.
The Bhopas - an integral aspect of Phad painting
The paintings, once done, are usually transported from place to place by the artisans, accompanied by traditional singers, who narrate and sing the theme depicted on the scrolls. These singers are known as Bhopas.
The legend of the valiant warrior, Papuji Rathod, is a favourite with Phad painting. It is believed that Pabuji Rathod was born of the union of a mortal and an apsara. Hence, blessed with divine powers, Papuji led his bands of Thoris or Bhils on many battles and returned triumphant. He largely fought these battles to protect the cattle of the Charan community. His compassion earned him the status of a veritable God. In return for his good deeds, the Charan Community gifted him with a magical Black Mare. The complete legend of Pabuji comprises 52 Panwaras or couplets and these panwaras are performed by the Bhopas.
Orissa Paata Painting
Orissa is an Indian state that is steeped in culture and in various arts, including dance, music, architecture, and painting. Among the painting traditions, the devotional art of the Paata paintings or patachitra on cloth, is a very popular style that centers around the worship of Lord Jagannath, a manifestation of Sri Krishna.
Orissa is very famous for its Patachitras. This type of folk art painting includes wall paintings, palm-leaf etching, manuscript painting and painting on cloth, both cotton and silk. Chitrakar painters in and around Puri have been practising this living art form for ages. The main area where the chitrakars live is called the Chitrakar Sahe village, in Raghurajpur district. The art of Pata painting on cloth can be traced right back to the very development of the shrine of Lord Jagannath at Puri in Orissa.
The artists who paint patachitras are known as chitrakaras. Often, it is one whole family that is engaged in this craft, headed by the master chitrakar of the family. Sometimes, this master also operates a studio which trains other junior artists working under him. The chitrakaras usually live in the vicinities of temples, such as the Jagannath temple in Puri and also in the village of Raghurajpur, just outside Puri.
Besides painting these patachitras, the chitrakaras have other duties as well, such as painting anasara patis. This are paintings, which temporarily replace the main images of the three deities - Jagannath, Balaram and Subhadra, at the time when those deities are considered "inauspicious" and "unfit" for viewing by the faithful.
The chitrakaras also have to paint on the cars, or chariots, on which Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra ride during the annual ratha yatra (car) festival each summer. During this particular festival, the main deity, Jagannath, rides a 45-foot high car. They ride from the Jagannath temple, along Puri's wide Grand Road to the Gundica temple about three kilometers away, and then back again.
Chitrakaras are also expected to paint the walls of a small temple next to the Narendra reservoir during the chandana yatra (sandalwood festival), a festival during which images of Krishna, Lakshmi, and Sarasvati are rowed in boats in the reservoir. The artisans paint pedi, or dowry boxes, that are given to the bride at the time of marriage.
Technique of Paata painting
Patachitra painting, when done on cloth, follows a traditional process of preparation of the canvas. Firstly, the base is prepared by coating the cloth with soft, white, stone powder made of chalk. A glue is then made from tamarind seeds. This mixture, while coated on the cloth, gives the fabric tensile strength and a smooth, semi-absorbent surface, which lets it easily absorb the paint.
Patachitra paintings were traditionally undertaken only by the mahapatras or maharanas, the original artiste caste in Orissa. These paintings constituted a vital art form, which was actually used for the ornamentation of Lord Jagannath in the innermost sanctum. Here, paintings on especially treated cloth or Paata of the deities were done exclusively by the temple painter. The painter used tribal and folk themes.
The main aspect about this art is that the artisan does not use a pencil or charcoal for the preliminary drawings. He first completes drawing the borders of the painting. Only then does he start making a rough sketch, directly with the brush, using light red and yellow colors. The main flat colors come next. Here, the colors used are white, red, yellow, and black. Once that is done, the artist proceeds to finish the painting with fine stokes of black brush lines, giving the effect of pen work. When the painting is completed, the fabric is held over a charcoal fire and lacquer is applied to the surface. This is done so as to make it water resistant and durable, besides giving it that wonderful shimmering finish.
Materials used in Patachitra
The materials used by the chitrakars in patachitra are obtained from natural sources, such as from vegetables, earth, and minerals. Black is gotten from lampblack, yellow from haritali stone, and red from hingal stone. The color white is prepared from crushed, boiled, and filtered shells.
Patachitra usually deals with religious, mythological, and folk themes. Needless to say, most of the motifs revolve around tales from the Krishna Leela and Lord Jagannath. The artists have also traditionally painted playing cards or Ganjifa. Chitra-pothies, a collection of painted palm leaves stacked on top of each other and held together between painted wood covers by means of a string, illustrate mythological themes.
The patachitra artists have now started experimenting with this art on other surfaces too, such as wooden boxes, ceramic bowls, tassar silk, outer shells of the coconut, wooden doors and so on. Now, they are even working planning to create painted wooden toys, using animals and birds in their motifs. The English alphabet is cut in the wood and painted in the patachitra style for sale. This is now gaining immense popularity with tourists all round the world.
Themes used in Patachitra
Patachitra uses many themes, but mainly, the following are the themes depicted by the artists:
 - Jagannath, flanked by Balabhadra and Subhadra
 - Mythological episodes taken from the Hindu epics
 - Various tales and legends related to the worship of various gods and goddesses
 - Quaint folklore themes
 - Sometimes, even erotic themes
Kaligh


text:
"Dr. JAMIESON was
the first person
who introduced the umbrella into Glasgow: this was in the year 1782. He
brought it from Paris, and when he commenced unfurling it on our
streets, crowds of people followed him in amazement at the spectacle.
"About the year 1786 an attempt
was made to manufacture umbrellas by Mr. John Gardner, father of the
Mr. Gardner, optician.
I have had in my hands; writes
'Senex,' 'the first umbrella that was ever made in Glasgow. It was
indeed a very clumsy article. The cloth was heavy oil or wax-glazed
linen, and the ribs were formed of Indian cane, such as shortly before
this time ladies were accustomed to use as hoops to extend their
petticoats. The handle was massy and strong, and altogether it was a
load to carry.'
"Mr. Gardner was obliged to give
up his manufacture, as the Manchester people had been able to make a
lighter article, and at a cheaper price."


text:
Space > Space Shuttle-3rd Edition
Space Shuttle-3rd Edition
The eighty year history of developing reusable lifting-reentry spacecraft. From the early works of Eugen Sanger in Germany to the Cold War developments in the US, then finally to the ultimate experiment - the Space Shuttle. To celebrate the 20th anniversary of the first Space Shuttle launch, this greatly enlarged third edition adds many previously uncovered early designs, details the latest modifications to the operational vehicles, and provides expanded coverage of the first 100 Space Shuttle missions.
Search for more items by this author:
Dennis R. Jenkins
Space Shuttle-3rd Edition from Specialty Press


Kolla upp vilket ord som helst, t.ex. porb:
1.A word that describes a person that is doing undesirable activities on a back pack such as pooing (Agitating)
2. To get angry (Agitated)at another person for doing absolutely nothing
She Agitate In A toilet {Example 1}
Some one Agitated at me for doing nothing (online/verbal) {Example 2}
(Pass Tense Future Tense)
He Agitated She Agitated We Agitated We are Agitating He/She is Agitating We/She/He Agitated
av 15556 2 oktober 2009


text:
# Node count, 3 dim, no attribute, no boundary marker 8 3 0 0 # Node index, node coordinates 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 1.0 0.0 0.0 3 1.0 1.0 0.0 4 0.0 1.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 1.0 6 1.0 0.0 1.0 7 1.0 1.0 1.0 8 0.0 1.0 1.0
The attributes, which are typically floating-point values of physical quantities (such as mass or conductivity) associated with the points, are copied unchanged to the output mesh. If -p switch is used, each new Steiner point inserted on segments of the mesh has attributes assigned to it by linear interpolation. Furthermore, if -q, -a, or -i is selected, each new point added to the mesh to improve mesh quality has attributes zero.
If the fourth entry of the first line is '1', the last column of the remainder of the file is assumed to contain boundary markers. Boundary markers are used to identify boundary points (points resting on PLC facets). The.node file produced by TetGen contains boundary markers in the last column unless they are suppressed by the -B switch. The boundary marker associated with each point in an output.node file is chosen as follows:
TetGen can determine which points are on the boundary, input with the boundary marker zero (or use no markers at all) will result in output with boundary marker (1) for all points on the boundary.


Mihai Draganescu
Learn More
Decision support systems (DSS) are human-centered information systems meant to help managers placed on different authority levels to make more efficient and effective decisions for problems evincing an imperfect structure. These systems are very suitable information tools to apply to various management and control problems that are complex and complicated(More)
The birth of a universe is described as having two main stages: a) a phenomenological informational process that generates the fundamental phenomenological information of the universe; b) an in-formational-energetic process which produces the structural universe. It is shown that the laws of the universe have a semantic origin, producing a cellular(More)
In this paper it is shown that the product of categories and the product of functors may be extended from the structural to the phenomenological domains. For the phenomenological domains the products of functors applies both to functors and autofunctors. Examples of such products representing feasible physical and informational processes are given in the(More)


Quick Answer: Is government grant an asset?
Government grants in the form of non-monetary assets, given at a concessional rate, should be accounted for on the basis of their acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it should be recorded at a nominal value.
What is a government grant in accounting?
Government grants are transfers of resources to an entity by government in return for past or future compliance with certain conditions relating to the operating activities of the entity.
Are grants liabilities?
Grants and government income are usually paid in advance, before you delivered the service or bought the item. If you are unable or unwilling to meet the grant conditions, you have to repay all or part of the grant. This means that the grant should be treated as a liability (much like a bank loan) until spent.
How are grants treated in accounting?
"Government grants should be recognised in the profit and loss account, so that the income is matched with the costs to which they relate." This means that if a grant were received for costs already incurred or to give immediate financial support it should be recognised when receivable.
What type of account is a grant?
A reimbursement grant would be Liability. A Grant that has been given is Income. Exactly; check with the terms of the grant.
IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: Why do states prefer block grants to categorical grants?
Is a grant income?
Employment grants and recruitment subsidies are of a revenue nature and accordingly are liable to income tax or corporation tax, unless specifically exempted by tax legislation.
What are examples of grants?
Examples of grants by type
 - Community Development Block Grant.
 - Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant.
 - Local Law Enforcement Block Grant.
 - National Institutes of Health for bioscience research.
 - National Science Foundation for physical science research.
How do you manage grant funds?
Tips for Better Grant Management and Best Practices
 1. Put your mission first. Ensure your mission and the grant are a good fit.
 2. Don't wait until the last minute to include your finance department. Grant proposals require a great budget. …
 3. Understand all the costs involved. …
 4. Plan to monitor and track.
30 мар. 2020 г.
Is Deferred income a liability?
How do you account for grant income?
If the grant is for expenditure that you would normally record in the profit and loss account, the grant income is reflected as income in your profit and loss account. Such a grant may be deferred if it relates to specific expenditure which has not yet been incurred.
How is grant revenue recognized?
For example, if you have a cost-reimbursement grant (which is the most common) you would recognize grant revenue equal to the amount of allowable expenses you incurred. If your grant was for a fixed amount then you would recognize revenue under the percentage of completion method.
IT IS INTERESTING: Best answer: Are state grants taxable income?
All benefits


Wired Forest May Reveal How New England Forests Respond to Climate Change
Monitoring a forest in New Hampshire provides clues to how important trees, such as maples, respond to changed conditions due to global warming
On a cool day in late May, researcher Pamela Templer hikes through New Hampshire's White Mountains with ease, dodging an odd low-hanging branch as leaves and sticks crunch underfoot.
Although she's in the middle of a national forest, Templer's destination looks decidedly unnatural.
A cabin full of controllers and wiring sits plopped amid the trees. Newly erected power lines march up to the forest's edge. And a sign with a lightning-bolt graphic warning reads "Research Area: Do Not Walk Beyond This Sign."
This forest, Templer explains, is wired.
"Last summer, we buried almost 4 kilometers [2.5 miles] of heating cables in the ground," she said.
What Templer hopes to do with those cables, some shovels and a five-year experiment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is better understand the effect climate change might have on New England forests.
Simulating warming through 4-inch cables
While the effects of warming on forests have been studied before, Templer's experiment adds a unique and important twist.
Her warming cables, buried 4 inches deep, will simulate what will happen to the forests in summer as the climate warms. Those cables snake through four of Templer's six plots, which are about 40 by 46 feet in size, each with three red maples in their center.
The cables will heat the soil by 5 degrees Celsius during the growing season.
The maples, which are going to be measured for root growth and other factors, such as how well they take up nutrients from the soil, might actually like this warming, Templer explained. Other experiments that have warmed the soil have found that trees can grow faster and may be able to absorb more nutrients.
But those experiments fall short in their representation of the New England winter as the climate changes.
That's because they heat the ground year-round. In winter, at least for the next 100 to 200 years, New England soils will actually get colder as snowpack shrinks.
This is already happening. Records from Hubbard Brook, kept since the 1950s, have shown that snowpack in the forest has steadily decreased, and the snow that does fall stays on the ground for less time.
"It's somewhat counterintuitive, but snow actually acts like a blanket," Templer explained. "And so if you have a sufficient snowpack on the ground, all the organisms that live under that snowpack are snuggly warm. It's like being inside of an igloo."
That's why Templer's experiment adds a key element in the winter. When snow does fall, she is going to shovel it off two of the four plots that are getting added summer warming. The other two plots are a control.
"We are going to take away snow to induce soil freezing," she said.
Scientists probe warming and nitrogen link
Templer's prior research on how New England's forests respond to less winter snow has shown that without the protective snow blanket, soils freeze, causing damage to soil organisms and tree roots.
Scientists first noticed the damage frozen soils could cause to trees over two decades ago, when something strange happened at Hubbard Brook, which is continuously monitored because of its status as a research forest.
In the summer of 1990, scientists in the forest saw higher levels of nitrogen in the streams there, said Peter Groffman, an ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York, who has worked with Templer on experiments at the forest.
Other researchers in Northeastern forests noticed this happening, as well.
Normally, plant roots in the forest will soak up nitrogen as they come out of dormancy in spring and use it to grow. The scientists searched for a change that may have kept this from happening, so that more nitrogen flowed into the creeks.
They finally hypothesized that it had something to do with a very cold winter the year before, when there was a hard freeze before snow covered the ground. Groffman and Templer's experiments to date have borne this out.
Watching tree roots with a video camera
In various places in the forest, they trekked in during early winter and shoveled the first snow off some plots, so the soils there froze. Right next to those plots, they left the snow alone.
In the areas where they shoveled the snow and the soil froze, "nutrients came pouring out of the soil the following summer," Groffman said.
The freezing soil, it turns out, kills a lot of tree roots. One researcher, Geraldine Tierney, was able to see this by inserting a video camera into clear plastic tubes in the ground so she could watch what happened to the roots over the winter.
When soil freezes, said Groffman, the water in it turns into big balls of ice. The dynamic is similar to how a crack in the pavement, filled with water, gets ripped up in the winter when it freezes.
This happens with roots, too. The ice that forms in the frozen soil cuts the roots, damaging them so they can't take up nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium.
"We've shown that early in the growing season, when the trees would normally be waking up and taking up water, or taking up nitrogen, they are doing much less of that. And we believe it is from damage caused by freezing in the previous winter," Templer said.
'Really pushing the frontiers'
The freezing can hurt animals that live in the soil, too. Templer found that the diversity and numbers of arthropods -- things like beetles and spiders -- were also reduced in areas where the soil froze because of lack of snow cover.
With her new experiment, Templer is finally able to put two parts of climate change -- warming summer soils and frozen winter ones -- together for the next five years. What she finds will perhaps paint one of the most reliable portraits to date of how climate change will affect the forests of New England.
Lindsey Rustad, a U.S. Forest Service forest ecologist who tracks more than 200 warming experiments worldwide, said Templer's experiment "is really pushing the frontiers."
"As far as I know, there is no other combination of warming and frost, so it is a very unique experiment," said Rustad.
Because of climate change, the forest is likely to see more extremes, like very hot summers and winters with a lot less snow.
"She is setting up a system that will allow her research group to look at extreme events, whether it is frost cycles or extreme temperature treatments," Rustad said.
Finding a solution for an 'iconic' species
Templer had to create her forest plots with red maples, rather than sugar maples, because she couldn't get electricity high enough into the forest to make warming plots that included sugar maples.
That is why 70 newly planted sugar maple and 70 red maple saplings sit just a short walk down the road from the wired cabin and forest plots, off to the side in a freshly dug patch of light-brown dirt.
Each of the saplings is buried in a pot in the ground, a self-contained unit. Templer plans to warm the soil around these, as well, and is also adding another variable to this set of experimental trees.
Researchers have predicted that sugar maples may move north as the climate warms. Yet another of the unknowns about how climate change will affect these trees is how changes to the freeze-thaw cycles in winter, with more periods of alternating warm and cold spells, could affect the roots, she said.
"If you think about the middle of winter, when we have these little hot spells, do the roots get damaged right away when they freeze, or is there some sort of threshold?" she said.
To test this, Templer will turn the warming cables on and off in some of the saplings, mimicking those freezes and thaws. She wants to see how if the trees respond differently if there are multiple freeze-thaw cycles or if it just takes one or two to affect them.
Sugar maples have long been symbols of the New England forest, and what happens to them is important not only to forest ecology, but to the region's economy and identity.
"It's such an iconic tree species for the Northeast," she said.
Share this Article:
Email this Article


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm confused about the words dish and plate. Could someone please explain the difference?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 14 down vote accepted
A plate is a specific type of dish. A dish is generally something that food is eaten or served from. A plate tends to refer specifically to a flat dish that is suitable for holding food that does not have a high liquid content. The other common type of dish is a bowl. A bowl will be similar to a hollow sphere cut in half and is useful for serving soups and other foods with high liquid content which would run off of a plate.
A large plate intended for serving food may be referred to as a platter.
share|improve this answer
_USER_ gives a good explanation of what they mean as pieces of crockery. They can also both mean — drat, I can't find a good synonym now! — let's say, menu items you might order at a restaurant:
My favourite dish at the Murray Avenue Grill is their spinach salad with candied pecans.
The Ketchery has the best seafood plate in town.
These arose in obvious metonymy from the crockery usage, but have developed specific connotations. Dish in this sense is much more general, and used (afaik) across most or all of the English-speaking world. Plate is less usual, and more associated (I think) with North American usage, and with fancier restaurant subcultures.
share|improve this answer
Good point! I had totally forgotten about those usages. Defining words is not nearly as easy as it seems like it should be from the outside. – aaronasterling Dec 6 '10 at 21:37
DISH : 1. An open, generally shallow concave container for holding, cooking, or serving food. 2. The food served or contained in a dish: a dish of ice cream.
PLATES : 1.A plate is a specific type of dish. 2.a shallow, usually circular dish, often of earthenware or porcelain, from which food is eaten. 3.the contents of such a dish; plateful. 4.an entire course of a meal served on such a dish: I had the vegetable plate for lunch.
share|improve this answer
Like many other words in the English language, there is a confusion from time to time about the real, or exact, meaning of terms. Here's what I think:
"Dish" is more of the generic term, as in "dish washer", "set of dishes", "main dish", etc.; however, while talking about dishes, cups are cups, saucers are saucers, bowls of any kind are always bowls, serving platters are always platters; however, in the group of dishes, there are "plates" which are noticeably larger than dishes and generally accommodate several kinds of food but are never used for serving food. One, I suppose, could call anything rather flat as a "dish" and never be wrong, which is not the case for "plate".
share|improve this answer
protected by Clark Kent Jun 3 '12 at 9:58
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


text:
Air Resources Laboratory
Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Oak Ridge, TN 37831
It is well established that turbulence in the stable planetary boundary layer (PBL) is neither steady nor isotropic and often occurs where conventional PBL theory predicts no turbulence. These outbreaks of turbulence in the PBL have yet to be taken into account in forecasting models either for weather or air quality. As a result, the models miss the enhanced vertical mixing of heat, moisture, and air pollutants by these intermittent turbulence episodes. This can lead to inaccurate forecasts of minimum surface temperature, fog, and pollutant concentration. A long-standing ARL research program is now at a stage where descriptions of intermittent nocturnal turbulence are ready for consideration by the modeling community. In other words, transfer to operations is now feasible.
A major source of this turbulence is the breaking of gravity waves launched by small-scale topographic features. Although the amplitudes of these waves might be small compared to similar waves downwind of mountain ranges, the effects of these smaller waves on the PBL are no less important. Ridges and hills as small as 1000 m (horizontally) and 100 m (vertically) can cause gravity waves. These surface features are sufficiently small that they cannot be considered explicitly in typical mesoscale models instead, their effects must be parameterized.
The importance of gravity wave-induced turbulence in the stable PBL was recognized by ARL scientists some time ago, and a program to parameterize this turbulence was then initiated. Collaborators in this research included scientists from Sweden, Germany, Australia, and most recently South Korea. A paper recently submitted to Atmospheric Environment presents a detailed analysis of the effects on predictions of PBL flow and stability when this parameterization scheme is incorporated in mesoscale models. The validity of the scientific underpinning of the scheme has been demonstrated, however work remains to be done to make the schemes suitable for operational use. For this reason, the next stage of the research will be to engage NCEP scientists in a collaborative effort to explore (a) the practical need to operationalize the schemes now developed and (b) the methodology for their implementation in current forecasting models.


text:
Political scientistsA political scientist is someone who studies or contributes to the field of political science
Notable political scientists:
- Kenneth Arrow - Nobel Memorial Prize winning economist who published influential paper on his widely cited Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
- Duncan Black - Responsible for unearthing the work of many early political scientists, including Charles Dodgson
- Jean-Charles de Borda - 18th century mathematician who devised the Borda count
- Steven Brams
- Marquis de Condorcet - 18th century mathematician and philosopher who contributed the often used Condorcet criterion and devised the concept of a Condorcet method
- Clyde Coombs
- Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (a.k.a. Lewis Carroll) - Famous author of Alice in Wonderland who was also a noted professor of mathematics at Oxford University. He devised Dodgson's Method of voting system.
- Maurice Duverger - French lawyer and sociologist responsible for Duverger's law
- Peter Fishburn
- Thomas Hare - Devised single transfer voting (a.k.a. Hare's method)
- Kenneth May
- Samuel Merrill
- William H. Riker - 20th century political scientist who applied game theory to political science.
- Nicolaus Tideman


Who's Online
We have 21 guests and one member online
Login Form
Calculating Weighted GPA
Many students and parents are confused about calculating GPA's. PowerSchool automatically does this for each student. If you wish to do this yourself, here is how to calculate GPA using a Weighted calculation method.
Start with the grades. In this example, each letter grade has a value with 4.000 being the highest for an A and down to 0.00 for an F and honors courses get a 1.000 point boost. The table looks like this:
A+ = 4.000 B+ = 3.333 C+ = 2.333 D+ = 1.333
A = 4.000 B = 3.000 C = 2.000 D = 1.000
A- = 3.667 B- = 2.667 C- = 1.667 D- = 0.667
 F = 0.0
Your school may have a different set of values for the GPA points. Contact your site administrator to determine if a different set of GPA point values is used for your school.
To calculate the GPA you multiply the number of credits for each class times the number of grade points the letter grade earns. Add together this value for all classes and divide by the total number of credits. Remember, most classes are worth 0.5 credit. Band is the exception at 0.3 because it meets three times per week rather than the usual five times per week. In the elementary and junior high setting, core courses (math, English, science, social studies and Religion) ar worth 0.5 credit. Non-core (all the rest) classes are worth 0.25 credit.
So let's consider the report card of a student. She's taking Honors Spanish 3 and gets the one point grade point boost for it.
Class Grade Credits Grade Points Multiply
Chemistry C 0.500 2.00 1.00
Church History A 0.500 4.00 2.00
Algebra 2 B+ 0.500 3.33 1.67
Hon. Spanish 3 C+ 0.500 3.333 1.67
Concert Choir A 0.500 4.000 2.00
English 3 B- 0.500 2.667 1.33
American History D 0.500 1.000 0.50
Totals 3.5 10.17
To determine the GPA we take the multiplied sum and divide it by the total credits. (10.17/3.5) = 2.906
Please register or login to add your comments to this article.


text:
AMAP Assessment 2015: Human Health in the Arctic
This report provides the accessible scientific basis and validation for the statements and recommendations made in the Summary for Policy-makers: Arctic Pollution Issues 2015 reporti that was delivered to Arctic Council Ministers at their meeting in Iqaluit, Canada in April 2015. It is also the basis for a related AMAP State of the Arctic Environment report Arctic Pollution Issues 2015: Overviewii. It includes extensive background data and references to the scientific literature, and details the sources for graphics reproduced in the overview report. Whereas the Summary for Policy-makers report contains recommendations that focus mainly on policy-relevant actions concerned with addressing contaminant impacts on Arctic human populations, the conclusions and recommendations presented in this report also cover issues of a more scientific nature, such as proposals for filling gaps in knowledge, and recommendations relevant to future monitoring and research work.


text:
Sleep Matters is a community initiative aimed at improving people's lives by raising awareness about the importance of a healthy sleep.
Created by Intercoil, Sleep Matters enjoys the support and participation of a number of high profile and passionate lifestyle and healthcare practitioners—Sleep Matters Ambassadors—who believe that broadening the conversation about sleep will contribute to improving the overall wellbeing of the community.
Sleep Matters is a platform to unite lifestyle commentators and the community around a shared goal – the importance of healthy sleep.
Sleep Matters aims to contribute by:
- Raising awareness of the importance of good sleep for a healthy life
- Helping people to identify sleep issues and find ways to improve their sleep and wellbeing
- Bringing together professionals and authorities to share knowledge and supporting public interest campaigns
- Becoming the first and most comprehensive resource in the UAE for all information related to healthy sleep
For more details, visit _URL_


text:
DLTK's Crafts for Kids
Cone Santa Paper Craft
Set Santa out on a coffee table or the mantle as a fun Christmas
decoration or put him on the top of a small Christmas tree as a tree topper
- something to color with
The directions are appropriate for an older child or adult to
assemble. Don't worry too much if younger children glue the pieces a bit
off kilter -- part of the fun of watching them grow is seeing their
progress over the years!
- Color and cut out the pieces.
- Roll the large triangular piece and use the tab to glue it into a cone
- Glue the nose onto the face using a dot of glue on the nose (this allows
the mustache to stick out from the edges a bit in a slightly 3d manner).
- Glue the hat band around the top, just above the face.
- Glue the beard around the top, just below the face. You can see how the
mouth fits into the little notch in the beard.
- Glue the belt around the center, just below the buttons.
- Fold the arms in half and glue together (so they're coloured on both
sides). Use a dot of glue on the top of the arms (shoulder) to position the
arms near the beard, leaving them sticking out in a slightly 3d manner. You
can have them sticking straight down, reaching forward, waving, etc...
however you want Santa to look!).
- Close template window when done printing to return to this screen.
- Set page margins to zero if you have trouble fitting the template on one page (FILE, PAGE SETUP or FILE, PRINTER SETUP in most browsers).
Printable version of these instructions


text:
Background: Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA; MPS IIIA) is an inherited paediatric-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lysosomal deficiency of sulphamidase with subsequent accumulation of heparan sulphate. The pathological mechanisms responsible for clinical disease are unknown; however, intraneuronal accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins such as α-synuclein, phosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein suggests inefficient intracellular trafficking and lysosomal degradation. Aim: To investigate the contribution the accumulating α-synuclein plays in early symptom emergence that is, impaired cognition, reduced anxiety and motor deficits, first detectable between 3–5 months of age. Methods: We have crossed congenic MPS IIIA mice with α-synuclein-deficient (Sncatm1Rosl/J) mice and evaluated phenotype and brain disease lesions. Results: In a battery of behavioural tests performed on mice aged 12–22 weeks, we were unable to differentiate α-synuclein-deficient MPS IIIA mice from those with one or both copies of the α-synuclein gene; all three affected genotypes were significantly impaired in test performance when compared to wild-type littermates. Histological studies revealed that the rate, location and nature of deposition of other proteinaceous lesions, the disruption to endolysosomal protein expression and the inflammatory response seen in the brain of α-synuclein-deficient MPS IIIA mice reflected that seen in MPS IIIA mice homoor heterozygous for α-synuclein. Conclusion: Deletion and/or deficiency of α-synuclein does not influence clinical and neuropathological disease progression in murine MPS IIIA, demonstrating that in and of itself, this protein does not initiate the cognitive and motor symptoms that occur in the first 5 months of life in MPS IIIA mice.
- heparan sulphate
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pathology and Forensic Medicine
- Clinical Neurology
- Physiology (medical)


text:
CFI spikes TRACK & FIELD opposition
In Fratex Industria e Comércio Ltda v Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM) (Case T-103/07, September 23 2009), the Court of First Instance (CFI) has upheld a decision of the Board of Appeal of OHIM in which the latter had found that there was no likelihood of confusion between the figurative trademarks TRACK & FIELD USA and TRACK & FIELD.
USA Track & Field Inc filed an application for the registration of TRACK & FIELD USA (and winged shield design) as a Community trademark for goods in Class 25 of the Nice Classification ("clothing, footwear and headgear"). Fratex Industria e Comércio Ltda opposed the application on the basis of its earlier Portuguese registration for TRACK & FIELD (and athlete design) for clothing in Class 25.
The Opposition Division of OHIM upheld the opposition. The Board of Appeal annulled the decision, stating that there was no likelihood of confusion between the marks because:
- the device elements of the marks were different;
- the mark applied for contained the additional word element 'USA';
- the expression 'track & field' was secondary in the mark applied for because of its position and size;
- consumers would focus on the device elements of the marks; and
- 'track & field' was descriptive of the goods for the English-speaking section of the relevant Portuguese public, but was fanciful for the other section of the public.
The board also held that the term 'USA' in the mark applied for would be seen as a reference to the geographical origin of the goods and that the device element would have no conceptual significance. The board concluded that there was no likelihood of confusion because the overall impression of the marks was different. Fratex appealed to the CFI.
Fratex requested that the CFI order that OHIM refuse the application. It also referred to the arguments and evidence submitted before OHIM, and suggested submitting new evidence. Fratex further argued that OHIM had infringed the provisions of Article 8(1)(b) of the Community Trademark Regulation (40/94), claiming that:
- the word element 'track & field' was dominant in the mark applied for;
- in Portugal, 'USA' would not be understood as a reference to the country because the United States are designated by the abbreviation 'EUA'; and
- 'USA' would be seen to refer to the verb 'usar' (Portuguese for 'to use/to be used to') and could be understood as a slogan.
Fratex further alleged that the marks were phonetically identical and had no meaning in Portuguese, and, therefore, were also conceptually identical. In view of the identity of the products, there was a likelihood of confusion because the relevant public would consider that the companies were economically or legally linked.
First, the CFI stated that it was not entitled to issue orders to OHIM, which had to draw the appropriate inferences from the grounds of the CFI's judgment. The CFI also confirmed that a general reference to the arguments set out in the proceedings before OHIM did not satisfy the requirements of Article 44(1)(c) of the Rules of Procedure of the CFI and, therefore, could not be taken into account. Moreover, evidence which was not produced before OHIM could not be used to contest the validity of the board's decision before the CFI.
The CFI further held that the stylized image of an athlete and the expression 'track & field' written in large characters in the earlier mark would retain the consumer's attention. For the English-speaking consumers who would understand 'track & field', the image of the athlete would illustrate the word element.
In respect of the mark applied for, the device element and the expression 'USA' were visually dominant, while the expression 'track & field' was unremarkable or secondary. The overall assessment of the marks thus showed that the significance of the expression 'track & field' differed in each mark. The fact that both marks contained this expression was insufficient in itself to conclude that they were visually similar. The expression 'USA' - whether the relevant public understood it or not - and the winged shield element would be of the most significance to consumers because of their size and position in the mark. In respect of the expression 'USA', its potentially low distinctive character did not necessarily mean that this element could not be seen as dominant in the mark applied for.
Conceptually, the athlete device in the earlier mark was meaningful - even the section of the public who would not understand 'track & field' would perceive the concept of athletics. The mark applied for was conceptually different because of the device of a shield with wings and the addition of 'USA', which referred to a geographical origin of the goods. The expression 'USA' was commonly used and the English-speaking part of the Portuguese public would understand that it designated the United States. Therefore, consumers would not perceive the concept of running activities in the mark applied for. The CFI concluded that the expression 'track & field', which was common to both marks, was insufficient to outweigh the conceptual differences between the marks.
Phonetically, the CFI held that consumers would consider the visual impact of the figurative element when pronouncing the mark TRACK & FIELD USA and would focus on the dominant word element (ie, 'USA'), whereas they would read the earlier mark as 'track & field'. Although the expression 'track & field' was of minor importance in the mark applied for, a section of the public could still pronounce it before or after the word 'USA'.
In respect of the likelihood of confusion, the CFI concluded that the phonetic similarity did not outweigh the visual and conceptual differences between the marks. The visual differences were of particular interest in the fashion industry, where the appearance of goods was one of the most relevant factors for the public at the time of purchase. The board was thus right to decide that given the substantial visual and conceptual differences and the relative insignificance of the phonetic similarity, there was no likelihood of confusion between the marks, despite the identity of the goods.
The decision shows that the extent of the visual, phonetic or conceptual similarities in the global assessment of marks with a view to determining the likelihood of confusion is not based on a subjective approach but, instead, will depend on the facts specific to the case. The CFI concluded that in light of the conditions under which the goods are marketed, the nature of the goods and the perception of the public, the visual aspect was the most important. Interestingly, the expression 'USA' was considered as a dominant element of the visual impression and a contributory factor to the conceptual difference between the marks, despite relating to the geographical origin of the goods.
Emilie Scheffer and Chris McLeod, Hammonds LLP, London
Copyright © Law Business ResearchCompany Number: 03281866 VAT: GB _PHONE_ 10


scdebug: The Sculptor debug program
The Sculptor debug program is called scdebug. It enables a compiled program to be executed in a controlled fashion, stepping through the program code line by line.
Breakpoints can be set, specifing points where program execution is to halt and control to return to the debug program.
The user can view the current function stack, or the current value of any field, including data dictionary fields, temporary variables and Sculptor system variables, at any point during program execution, thereby tracing program flow and isolating bugs. The value of a field can be changed at run time.
Multiple source code files are supported, and the user may move rapidly and easily around and between source files.
Debug settings, including breakpoints and a list of watched fields, may be saved at the end of a session.
Another aid to debugging Sculptor programs is the dbgmsg program, which displays user-defined debug messages in a table.
Command line syntax
Files and directories created by scdebug
Toolbar options
Program state
Watched fields
Terminating the debug program


text:
World Humanist Day and Solstice
- International Humanist and Ethical Union
This is another annual event that could be used to promote Humanism and Freethought.
"World Humanist Day is celebrated annually on June 21 throughout the world.
"Marking the day is a way to spread information and combat misinformation about the positive aspects of Humanism as a philosophical life stance and means to effect change in the world.
"The origin was in the 1980s, when several state chapters of the American Humanist Association (AHA) began celebrating World Humanist Day."


text:
Authentication : All applications be it SPA, mobile etc, require local and social authentications, and developers have to spend time re-creating the same set of code almost always. Thus in order to save time on coding the same components, lets make it a re-usable one.
In react native, implementing social authentication is not as easy as it sounds, though descriptive documentation exits but the are time consuming, what if we could do all ( local, google and Facebook authentication) with a single parent wrapper component? Sounds great to me( prevents surpass the same set of errors. )
Animations : Animations are crucial part of all our applications and they derive the user experience, implementing animations in react native is bit complicated and the complex part is ensuring it is 60FPS, and it is important that they ensure continuity in the application.
Lets make the two ( Authentication + Animation ) for once and apply it as many times as wanted.
This talk would require per-requisites:
1. Basic understanding or react / react-native
2. react-native / expo per-installed in the system


text:
By Anthony Diosdi
Transfer pricing must be taken into consideration by any business involved in cross-border transactions. Although many have heard of the term "transfer pricing," few understand how transfer pricing works. This article is designed to provide the reader with a very basic understanding of how transfer pricing works. To understand transfer pricing we must think of the operating units of a multinational corporation. Multinational corporations usually engage in a variety of arrangements of intercompany transactions. For example, a U.S. manufacturer may market its products through foreign marketing subsidiaries. A domestic parent corporation may provide managerial, technical, and administrative services for its subsidiaries, and may license its manufacturing and marketing intangibles to its foreign subsidiaries for commercial exploitation abroad. A "transfer price" must be computed for each of these controlled transactions. Although a transfer price does not affect the combined income of commonly controlled corporations, it does affect how that income is allocated among the group members. Therefore, when tax rates vary across countries, transfer pricing can have a significant effect on a multinational corporation's total tax costs.
Congress enacted Internal Revenue Code Section 482 to ensure that related corporations report and pay tax on their actual share of income arising from controlled transactions. The regulations under Section 482 adopt an arm's length standard for evaluating the appropriateness of a transfer price. Under this standard, a taxpayer should realize the same amount of income from a controlled transaction as an uncontrolled party would have realized from a similar transaction under similar circumstances.
To arrive at an arm's length result, the taxpayer must select and apply the method that provides the most reliable estimate of an arm's length price. The reliability of a pricing method is primarily a function of the degree of comparability between the controlled and uncontrolled transaction. The regulations under Section 482 provide specific methods for determining an arm's-length transfer price for various types of transactions, including transfers of tangible property, transfers of intangible property, loans, and services. The regulations provide five specified methods for estimating an arm's-length charge for transfers of tangible property, including the comparable uncontrolled price method, the resale price method, the cost plus method, the transactional net margin method, and the transactional profit split method. In addition to the five specified methods, the taxpayer also has the option of using an unspecified method. However, an unspecified method can only be used if it provides the most reliable estimate of an arm's-length price.
The Transfer Pricing Methods
The purpose of Internal Revenue Code Section 482 is to ensure that taxpayers report and pay tax on their actual share of income arising from controlled transactions. To this end, the regulations under Section 482 adopt a so-called arm's length standard for evaluating the appropriateness of a transfer price. Under this standard, a taxpayer should realize the same amount of income from a controlled transaction as an uncontrolled party would have realized from a similar transaction under the same or nearly identical situations.
To arrive at an arm's length result, the taxpayer must select and apply a method that provides the most reliable estimate of an arm's length price. Thus, the primary focus in selecting a transfer pricing method is the reliability of the result. The reliability of a pricing method is determined by the degree of comparability between the controlled and uncontrolled transactions, as well as the quality of the data and the assumptions used in the analysis. The principal factors to consider in assessing the comparability of controlled and uncontrolled transactions include:
1. Functions performed;
2. Risks assumed;
3. Contractual terms;
4. Economic conditions and markets;
5. Nature of the property or services transferred in the transaction.
Transfers of Intangible Property
For transfer pricing purposes, an "intangible" includes any of the following items:
1. Patents, inventions, formulae, processes, designs, patterns, or know-how;
2. Copyrights and literary, musical, or artistic compositions;
3. Trademarks, trade names, or brand names;
4. Franchises, licenses, or contracts;
5. Methods, programs, systems, procedures, campaigns, surveys, studies, forecasts, estimates, customer lists, or technical data.
The owner of an intangible for tax purposes ordinarily is the taxpayer who owns the legally protected right to exploit that intangible. There are three specific methods for estimating an arm's length charge for transfers of intangibles:
1. The comparable uncontrolled transaction method;
2. The comparable profits method; and
3. The profit split method.
The taxpayer must select and apply the method which provides the most reliable estimate of an arm's length price. In addition to the three specified methods, the taxpayer also has the option of using an unspecified method. However, an unspecified method can only be used if it provides the most reliable estimate of an arm's length price. Below, we will walk through the different methods of determining arm's length pricing for the transfer of intangibles.
Comparable Uncontrolled Transaction ("CUT") Method
The first method for determining the arm's length value of an intangible is the comparable uncontrolled transaction ("CUT") method. The CUT method generally provides the most direct and reliable measure of an arm's length royalty. It may also be used if the same intangible is transferred in both the controlled and uncontrolled transactions and only minor differences exist between the uncontrolled and the controlled transactions, provided that these differences have a definite and reasonably ascertainable effect on pricing and that appropriate adjustments are made for them. See Treas. Reg. Section 1.482-4(c)(2)(ii).
To be considered comparable both intangibles must be used in connection with similar products or processes with the same general industry or market and must have similar profit potential. See Treas. Reg. Section 1.482-4(c)(2)(iii)(B). Basically, controlled and uncontrolled transfers of intangibles used for the same product type in the same industry will be comparable if they are anticipated to generate substantially the same pre-tax benefits for the transferees.
To conclude that the profits that the profit potential of two intangibles is similar, it is necessary to have an acceptable reliable measure of the profit potential of the two intangibles. The profit potential of an intangible involves calculating the net present value of the benefits to be derived from use of the intangible by the transferee. Profit potential is most reliably measured by direct calculations, based on reliable projections, of the net present value of the benefits to be realized through use of the intangible. While this information frequently will be available with respect to an uncontrolled transaction unless one of the controlled persons was a party to it. In recognition of this difficulty, the regulations provide that, in certain cases, it may be acceptable to refer to evidence other than projections to compare profit potentials. For example, such evidence may include the terms of the transfer, the uniqueness of the intangibles and their stage of development. See Treas. Reg. Section 1.482-4(c)(2)(iii)(B)(1)(ii) and 4(c)(2)(iiii)(B)(2). Such indirect comparisons of profit potentials will be useful in cases in which it is not possible to calculate directly the profit potential of the intangibles in either the controlled or uncontrolled transactions.
Comparable Profits Method
The comparable profits method looks at the profits of uncontrolled entities, rather than the prices used in uncontrolled transactions, to determine an arm's length allocation of profit between two related corporations. Under this method, the profitability of comparable companies is used as a benchmark for determining an arm's length net profit for one of the controlled parties (the "tested party") and then a transfer price is established that leaves the tested party with that amount of net profit. See Treas. Reg. Section 1.482-5(b)(1). The methodology for developing an arm's length profit involves the following seven steps:
1. Determine the tested partythe tested party should be the participant in the controlled transaction for which the most reliable data regarding comparable companies can be located. This is likely to be the least complex of the controlled parties and the controlled party that does not own valuable intangible property or unique assets that distinguish it from potential uncontrolled comparable companies.
2. Search for comparable companies and obtain their financial datathe key factors in assessing the comparability of the tested party to comparable companies are the resources employed and the risks assumed. Because resources and risks usually are directly related to functions performed, the functions performed must also be considered to determine the degree of comparability between the tested party and comparable companies. Another important factor is the consistency between the accounting methods used by the tested and comparable companies to compute their operating profits. Adjustments must be made for any differences between the tested party and the comparable companies that would materially affect the profitability measures used.
3. Select a profit level indicator ("PLI")- examples of PLIs that can be used include the ratio of operating profit to operating assets, the ratio of operating profit to sales, and the ratio of gross profit to operating expenses. To enhance the reliability of a PLI, the taxpayer should perform a multiyear analysis which generally should encompass at least the taxable year under review and the two preceding years.
4. Develop an Arm's Length Range of PLIsthe arm's length range of PLIs is the interquartile range (the middle 50%) of the PLIs of the comparable companies. The interquartile range is the range from 25% to 75% percentile. More specifically, the 25th percentile is the PLI when at least 25% of the results are at or below that PLI. The 75th percentile is the PLI when at least 25% of the results are at or below that PLI.
5. Develop an arm's length range of comparable operating profitsto construct an arm's


Team discovers a new role for a well-known molecule as a plant hormone
UMD discovers a new role for a well-known molecule as a plant hormone
ACC facilitates fertilization. The pollen tubes (stained in blue) fertilize only some of the ovules when there is less ACC. Successful fertilization is seen as blue dots inside the white ovules. Credit: Dr. Wangshu Mou
Researchers at the University of Maryland (UMD) have discovered an entirely new role for a well-known plant molecule called ACC, providing the first clear example of ACC acting on its own as a likely plant hormone. Just like in humans and animals, hormones in plants carry messages to signal and trigger essential processes for plant health and functionality, from reproduction to defense. Without these processes, crops can't reproduce and thrive to provide the food we need to feed a growing global population. In a new publication in Nature Communications, researchers show that ACC has a critical role in pollination and seed production by activating proteins similar to those involved in nervous system responses in humans and animals. These findings could not only change textbooks that have previously attributed plant responses to the hormone ethylene instead of ACC, but could also open the door for new research to improve plant health and crop yield.
"There are several novel things about this paper," explains Caren Chang, UMD. "But the main impact is that it introduces a new plant growth regulator or plant, alongside a small handful of other publications. It isn't a newly identified molecule, but it has never been thought of before as a plant hormone, only as the precursor to ethylene."
Chang, a professor in Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and affiliate professor of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture supported by the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES), explains that ethylene is one of the five major plant hormones and has been studied for over a century. It is important for many processes that are vital to and crop production, including fruit ripening, stress responses to flooding and drought, plant disease defenses, germination, and flowering.
"In much of the research, ACC has been used in place of ethylene, knowing that it's a precursor that plants convert into ethylene. This is because ACC is easy to work with in powder form and can even be sprayed on the plant, but working with ethylene is very difficult because it is a gas. So researchers have used ACC for decades in place of ethylene, and the literature would interpret the observed responses as ethylene responses. What our paper shows is that an ACC response is not necessarily an ethylene response. While ethylene is an important plant hormone with its own set of functions, some of these responses that have been attributed to ethylene through ACC may actually be separate ACC responses, acting as a growth regulator or hormone itself."
This finding opens the door for many papers across decades of research, as well as textbooks and future education on plant hormone responses, to be revised in the event that ACC is actually triggering important plant processes previously attributed to.
According to Chang, the paper also presents advances in plant reproduction. "In the plant reproduction field, there are many steps that are critical in pollination, and one of these steps requires the pollen to reach the ovules to actually produce a seed," says Chang. "Our paper shows that ACC signaling in the ovule is involved in getting the pollen tube to turn and effectively deliver the pollen, which makes it essential for. It's probably the first example showing how the maternal ovule tissue actually helps attract the pollen tube." And this isn't a small effect, Chang stresses. "The seed number pretty much doubles in the presence of ACC. There is potential here to improve the seed number, which can increase food production in certain crops and have an impact on food security long-term."
Led by José Feijó, another professor in Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and affiliate professor of Plant Science & Landscape Architecture, another major finding of this paper shows clear connections between human, animal, and plant hormone signaling pathways by identifying a potential receptor for ACC activity.
"The most interesting parallel is cell-cell communication," explains Feijó. "Animal glutamate receptors are proteins which are needed for information to jump from one neuron to the next, either through an electric impulse or through calcium signaling, which is essential for things like memory. Problems in the processes mediated by glutamate receptors are known to be related to neurodegeneration and depression."
Chang adds, "These receptors have been found in the human nervous system, and neuroscientists have been studying them for drug development to treat nervous system issues like depression. They found that ACC can actually affect the nervous system in humans. So we decided to look for the same receptors, named glutamate-like receptors (GLRs) in plants, to see if they respond to ACC in plants. We found that ACC can actually affect GLRs in plants as well."
This finding opens an entirely new avenue of research in plant biology and points to similarities in plants and humans that are currently not well understood. "In, GLRs all seem to convey functions related to communication, either to bring male and female genes into an egg, or in pathogen or stress alert systems and defenses," says Feijó.
"Emerging trends suggest that GLRs underlie long distance electric signaling through the plant vascular system, where injury to tissues in one leaf inform the whole plant to create nasty substances to deter insects. All these lines seem to point into the existence of electric communication within plant tissues and organs, and that these functions involve GLRs. This is an interesting parallel evolution of a function for glutamate receptors as they evolved to be associated with the animal nervous systems to perform similar functions."
With ACC as a new candidate activating GLRs and all the newly discovered roles it is playing as a plant hormone, Chang and the team are excited about the directions this work can go. "There is still a lot of research to be done to see how this is all happening and can be used in different crops, but all that new research can happen now."
Explore further
Study finds key molecular mechanism regulating plant translational activity
More information: "Ethylene-independent signaling by the ethylene precursor ACC in Arabidopsis ovular pollen tube attraction," Nature Communications (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17819-9
Journal information: Nature Communications
Citation: Team discovers a new role for a well-known molecule as a plant hormone (2020, August 14) retrieved 24 June 2021 from _URL_
Feedback to editors
User comments


Archive for 2021
[Commlist] CFP - Making Monsters: The Production of Terror
Thu Jan 14 15:10:12 GMT 2021
Please find below the call for Papers for the University of East Anglia's Making Monsters as part of the Film Television and Media Departments Media Journeys series of symposiums.
*Media Journeys 2021*
*Making Monsters: The Production of Terror*
*DATE: 7th June 2021*
Monsters stalk through modern media. They are heard howling from radio, film and television. They are even spinning their tales on every corner of the World Wide Web. Whether adapting illusory techniques from stage, like Pepper's Ghost, or creating new and experimental forms of monstrosity that range from classic film monsters to urban legends like the Slender Man, our media worlds are crawling with monsters. This symposium will explore the audio and visual processes, techniques and materials used to create these monsters.
Making monsters often requires skilled and thoughtful approaches to adaptation, making the monster in media texts a locus for debates around creativity, invention and innovation in technology and media culture. These monsters are always constructed, but their construction varies wildly from the use of in-camera effects and sound effects, to make-up effects, to animatronics and puppetry through to animation and post-production CG work.
However, the often villainous presence of monsters in across media types and genres has pushed them into liminal spaces, which means that their significance and centrality to issues of media production and innovation have been under-interrogated in academic scholarship to date. This is particularly the case within current debates about special effects and animated media. Therefore, this symposium takes the production of monsters as its focus as a means to explore and reconsider the wider implications of monsters in media, seeking to reimagine monsters as a crucial nexus point in creativity.
We seek papers of 10-15 minutes on topics including:
 * Make-up effects and monsters**
 * Animatronic and puppet creatures**
 * Computer-generated monsters**
 * Suitmation**
 * Animated monsters**
 * Audio monsters from radio to sound effects**
 * Monstrous transformations**
 * Costuming and making over actors into monsters**
 * Stuntwork and monsters**
 * Monstrous performances**
 * Social media and urban legends**
 * Adaptation of monster effects across media platforms**
 * Monster "makers": creature designers, make-up artists, special
 effects artists**
 * Monsters and otherness: gender, sexuality and race in monster design**
Proposals of 300 words to be sent to:*(ueamakingmonsters /at/*by*Date 1^st Match 2021*. Please provide your talk title, content summary, name and affiliation, and contact details.
To subscribe or unsubscribe, please visit
Before sending a posting request, please always read the guidelines at
To contact the mailing list manager:
Email: (nico.carpentier /at/


The Obelisk
The Pyradym™ Obelisk Base Cabinet is a powerful accessory to use with the Pyradym BioResonance Healing Instrument, and together combine to create a modern obelisk embodiment in a portable form.
the obelisk
Whereas, the Pyradym uses a tactile device attached to the interior of the base panel of the instrument to create the articulated vibrational aspects of the generated sound, the Obelisk Base Cabinet significantly increases the sensorial impact of the instrument.
The sound that Pyradym generates is primarily, (but not exclusively), "felt" as the low frequency physioacoustic ("vibrational") component, presenting a higher SPL (Sound Pressure Level) into a bigger space requires a little more "oomph" if you're trying to cover a larger group of a dozen people or more.
The Obelisk Base Cabinet is ideal for "sound bath" applications, and is an ideal solution for churches, yoga studios, and large meditation rooms.
Although the term "subwoofer" is generally used as a descriptor for this application, a subwoofer's specific purpose is to accurately reproduce recorded music information, and are typically designed to be as acoustically "transparent" as possible and not influence the tonal "colour" of the any recording you play through them.
Sonically, the Obelisk is actually designed to enhance the sound of Pyradym and provide more of a "woodyness" to the larger tone being synthesized by Pyradym.
In a musical instrument context, you can think of it terms of where the strings of a Piano or Upright Bass generate the actual sound frequencies (notes) of the instrument, it is the WOOD and the construction of their cabinets that project the sound into the space around them and gives the instrument it's tonal character and natural "organic" feel.
Additionally, the Obelisk cabinet is designed to naturally resonate with Pyradym, meaning that the Obelisk cabinet will increase the volume of the Pyradym instrument without the electronics even being turned on.
While adding "breath" to Pyradym's sound, it energetically couples to the Base Cabinet to then function as the pointed "Benben" portion of an obelisk as once they did in ancient Egyptian temples.
In Egyptian creation texts, the Benben was stated as a physical Primeval Point of Origin, and a temple built around it became a source of knowledge and higher awareness for initiates who were of integrity and purity enough to follow the path into gnosis.
Stone Obelisks found throughout the world have their origins in the Atlantean culture, and were believed to have been the "anchor points" for that society's power grid technology, as well as being subtle energy "antenna" technology to be used for "tuning in" to the Universe.
An extremely powerful design, the Obelisk concept was carried forward in the thousands of Sacred Sites that were created by the many temple cultures that have existed over time who had incorporated the structure into their churches and standing stone circles.
Scattered throughout the world, a number of them still stand today as both a testimony and a reminder of a time when mankind would build such monuments to inspire and maintain a more intimate connection to the energy of our planet.
Regarded as "Oracles", these monolithic structures were placed in very specific locations within the temple site, where due to the location's telluric characteristics, connection with other levels of consciousness was enhanced and made more immediate.
These energetic "hot spots" were also sonically enhanced by the Obelisk, and were typically reserved for marriage ceremonies, sound healing sessions, and fertility rituals.
Occurrences of "out-of-body experiences" and prophetic visions during these activities were common.
Couple your Pyradym with an Obelisk today...
PRICE: $3,300.00 USD
Standard Finish: Cherry, Wenge, or Natural (Other finishes available by request at extra cost)
Dimensions: 18" x 18" x 28" (approx.)
Weight: 45 pounds (net)
Max. Power Requirement: 120 VA
Enclosure Construction: Overlaid Cabinet-grade Hard Maple plywood;
Connexion: Molded 3-wire cordset, 10 ft. (non-removable)
Protection: User accessible fuse (Other finishes available by request at extra cost)
INPUT: The PYRADYM OBELISK BASE comes complete with a 3' long hard-wired signal input cable that is intended to plug directly into the EXT. AUDIO OUT connector of the PYRADYM Instrument.
Output Controls:
THRU AUDIO: Is a parallel audio send to the PYRADYM Instrument's AUDIO OUT, and can be connected to any external stereo line-level amplification or recording system by inserting a stereo phone plug into this jack.
(External Audio Output Impedance: 4.7K Ohms, 2.2v p-p)
VOLUME: Controls the PYRADYM OBELISK BASE cabinet's generated sound level. This control features the same "logarithmically damped contour" design feature that the PYRADYM instrument uses to create a more natural volume characteristic when the knob position is changed. In other words, when the knob is rotated to a new position, the volume change of the instrument will not be immediate, but will swell or diminish with a slow, natural time delay.
MUTE: This switch has a pushbutton toggle function which controls whether the sound will be output to the cabinet's internal transducer. Similar to the PYRADYM instrument, the associated GREEN indicator will light to indicate the tactile output is ON. This feature enables one to disengage the audio send to the cabinet, which also features the same logarithmic contour characteristic as the VOLUME control when changed.
Limited 1 Year Parts and Labour, excluding normal wear and tear and catastrophic events, (shipping not included).
"At AugusTara, Inc. we believe that the best product design is couched in the philosophy that when it reliably serves the needs of an individual, it will serve the greater needs of the collective society. Those elements combined with an alignment to a higher consciousness IS the paradigm of product design for the new millennium" - August Worley
© 2009 AugusTara, LLC. Duplication of any of this material in whole or in part without expressed written consent of AugusTara, LLC is prohibited.
PYRADYM TM and OBELISK BASE CABINET TM are registered trademarks of AugusTara, LLC. US Patent #: 7,537,576
Pyradym is Pure Sound


text:
The New York Observer ran a series of eight letters from October 11 until December 27, 1900 by a man named Augustus. He was reporting on the Paris Exposition and part two (October 18) includes a description of the "traveling sidewalk" in action.
From this part of the fair it is possible to proceed to a distant exhibition which is placed in what is called the Champs de-Mars, without going out of the gates, by means of a travelling sidewalk or a train of electric cars. Thousands avail themselves of these means of transportation. The former is a novelty. It consists of three elevated platforms, the first being stationary, the second moving at a moderate rate of speed, and the third at the rate of about six miles an hour. The moving sidewalks have upright posts with knobbed tops by which one can steady himself in passing to or from the platforms. There are occasional seats on these platforms, and the circuit of the Exposition can be made with rapidity and ease by this contrivance. It also affords a good deal of fun, for most of the visitors are unfamiliar with this mode of transit, and are awkward in its use. The platform runs constantly in one direction, and the electric cars in the opposite.
Below is a photo of the moving sidewalk from the Library of Congress as well as a German postcard (circa 1900) of the moving sidewalk concept.
Postcards Show the Year 2000 (circa 1900)