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OSU's Science & Math Investigative Learning Experiences (SMILE) is a partnership between the university and 14 Oregon school districts - mostly rural, many with a high proportion of American Indian and Hispanic students - to provide science and math enrichment for underrepresented and other educationally underserved students in grades 4-12.
Since its launch in 1988, SMILE has served as a pathway for introducing thousands of students to science learning, moving many of them on to post-secondary education and careers in science. The program also offers workshops for teachers to build their science education skills.
The program conducts a year-round schedule of activities designed to provide hands-on science experience, strengthen students' knowledge, and raise their academic and career aspirations. OSU resource faculty and SMILE Program professional staff provide scientific and pedagogic expertise, access to equipment, mentoring, computer networking, teacher training, and administrative support; the schools provide energetic students and dedicated teachers.
Ocean sciences programming is provided by the Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies (CIOSS), with NOAA support, and by the College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences. An annual SMILE Oceanography challenge, a day and a half long event in April on the campuses of OSU and Western Oregon University, brings student teams together to solve an open-ended, community-based problem related to oceanography, challenging them to work together to gather data and create and present a plan to address the problem.


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Vectorization, the Other Parallelism
Moore's Law correctly predicted that processor transistor density would increase year after year. All those extra transistors have been used to make powerful hardware capabilities like multiple cores and hardware extensions that improve performance. Intel processors have extensions that support SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) parallelism with Intel® SSE and Intel® AVX(2). These instructions operate on a vector of data in parallel. The vector width, and therefore the number of elements that can be accessed in parallel, continues to expand as new processor technologies are introduced. Applications need to be vectorized to take advantage of SIMD instructions that utilize the expanded vector width.
There are some pretty easy ways to vectorize your code like autovectorization. This requires no changes to code. Next are using libraries that utilize both threading and vectorization to improve performance. For some applications, more advanced techniques may be needed to provide information to the compiler, including using special build logs and features such as Intel® Cilk™ Plus.
A great place to start is by downloading the Vectorization CodeBook. You will find simple, yet powerful vectorization techniques that can be used by just about any application developer using Intel® Compilers and libraries. If you came from the Vectorization CodeBook, explore additional topics included on the right.
Vectorization Toolkit - This toolkit outlines 6 Steps to Increase Performance Through Vectorization in Your Application.
Intel® C++ Composer XE Getting Started Tutorials
Intel® Fortran Composer XE Getting Started Tutorials
Intel Software Product Tutorials, A complete listing of getting started tutorials and show-me videos for many Intel development products.
Intel Learning Lab, Repository of learning materials, videos, guides filterable by expertise, product, operating system and more.
An Introduction to Vectorization with the Intel® C++ Compiler
An Introduction to Vectorization with the Intel® Fortran Compiler

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
posted by esther on.
Guy wire. How long is a guy wire reaching from the top of a 21ft pole to a point on the ground 14 ft from the pole?
28ft (27.784887978899609016865094082057ft to be exact)
since when this is drawn it forms a right triangle, we use pythagorean theorem:
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
c = hypotenuse
a and b are base and height of the triangle
c^2 = 14^2 + 21^2
c = sqrt (196 + 441)
c = 25.24 ft
hope this helps~ :)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Exhibition - Wearing What Cannot Be Spoken
Sunday, Jun 7, 2020
This online exhibition features the research of Rose Ong'oa (pictured below), an Arkansas State University Heritage Studies PhD student. It was originally mounted at Arkansas State University Museum in honor of Black History Month (February 2008).
This exhibition highlights the struggle of Swahili women, of slave descent, to cope with the challenges that have faced them since the abolition of slavery in East Africa in the late 19th century to the present. The lifestyle of the Swahili set them apart as a distinct African ethnic group as early as the 12th century; they lived in stone houses as opposed to the mud houses of other African peoples, they professed Islam, and owned slaves.
Due to Swahili's long-standing social and political position, the British colonial government, in post abolition East Africa, favored members of the Swahili society, reserving certain types of rights only to members of this society. To access such rights, ex-slave women claimed Swahili identity, which entailed the command of Kiswahili language, and adherence to Islamic tenets. They created physical manifestations of their Swahili identity in their kanga clothing and managed to assert the legitimacy of the identity. In contemporary Swahili society, women continue to use kanga to challenge social, religious, and political ideals within their society.
This exhibition presents kanga--a type of cloth worn by women of Zanzibar in East Africa to assert their claim to Swahili identity and express socially taboo opinions in an acceptable manner.
Kanga was originally a plain white cloth imported from the United States in the 19th century. Worn by slaves in the US, it initially served the same purpose on the East African coast.
After the abolition of East African slavery in 1897, women sought to distance themselves from their slave past and align themselves with the freeborn Swahili. Boldly asserting a right to participate in Swahili society, they adopted the Moslem faith, learned Kiswahili (the language of the Swahili people), and began hand-painting their clothing with designs and proverbs long favored by free Swahili women.


Somatics: How to be Conscious In Your Body. Part II
Somatics: How to be Conscious In Your Body. Part II
Embodying Movement: 3 Explorations of Weight Flow
Kahlil Gibran
In my last article I discussed some background to Somatic work and provided three explorations around sensing weight as a way of connecting with gravity. Somatics is a way of understanding the wisdom of our body and of gaining and maintaining a body image from the inside out. Embodying movement to the extent that weight sensing and yielding leads naturally into movement initiation with intent.
By sensing our weight we bring our attention to the experience of ourselves while doing something or nothing. We notice where we may have holding in our tissues, and which tissues are holding, or where we are able to flow into the earth. This holding, or not holding, is related to muscular tension and impacts flow.
One of my great teachers, Peter Madden, would have us explore the process of how our weight could flow from one place to another. He called the experiences Weight Flow. There are multiple expressions of flow. There is flow of time, flow of breath, flow of thought, and "being in flow".
Picture in your mind's eye lava moving down a mountain-side or towards the ocean. Feel the weight of the lava as it rolls down the slope. Where does the lava flow get blocked? What obstacles does the lava flow over, or around? This image helps us access our understanding of where we may have tension holding in our musculature, but also our bones, our organs, or other body tissue that contributes to our 'weightiness'. Through this imagery experience we can understand that flow of weight is weight sensing in motion.
With flow and weight, an exertion/recuperation cycle is constantly in motion. Our faculty of participating with precision, expressed by progression and ongoingness, is indicated in our tissues. When actively sensing our weight, we establish our self as a material body. We are able to express strength or lightness and in so doing we establish our presence in the world.
Going with the Weight Flow
Try the following to experience the delights of weight flow. The only 'rule' to the exploration is to keep all your body parts, (fingers, hands, feet, head) in contact with the floor. In other words, do not lift your limbs from the floor.
Lying on your back take any support you need for your head or legs. Soften and begin to settle, yielding into the floor. Feel where your body meets the floor. Sense the places of contact between you and the floor. How do you respond to the presence of the floor? In the places of connection notice where there is weight. Feel the pull of gravity. Feel the support of the floor rising up to meet the weight of your body.
Now, imagine your body is full of beans. Roll your head to the right side pouring the beans to the right. Notice the flow of weight as your head turns, notice how your yielding self becomes activated. How does this weight flow affect the rest of your body motion?
Following the flow of your head, roll your shoulders over to the right. Allow the sense of pouring "the weight of the beans" in your body, peel your ribcage, then lumbar spine, and hip crests off the floor as you continue to twist and slide over to the front surface of your body. Feel the weight of your "bean filled" body flowing into the floor. Notice where your arms and legs roll and flow and softly land on the front surface.
Initiating from your sacrum, roll your pelvis to the right, feel the weight of the beans flow, allowing your legs, torso, and arms to spiralically sequence onto your back. Notice where your legs, head, and arms want to go as the "flow of beans" settle into the floor.
Slide your feet onto the floor (simultaneously or one at a time), until your knees face the ceiling. Allow your knees to fall to the left. Feel the weight of the flow of beans spiral through your pelvis and waist then sweep your right arm along the floor over your head to roll your chest over to the left side. Rest. Notice the weight of your bones as the "falling of the beans" settle into your left side.
Rest – Then initiating with your head or sacrum, roll back onto your back. You can repeat the sequence to the other side.
Flow of weight affects our emotions.
Stand up and feel your weight flow into the floor. Walk around the room feeling your weight flowing into your feet as you step and shift your weight. Stand still, then imagine egg shells or pebbles on the floor, walk around the room, Notice the holding back of flow or lightening up of your footsteps as you walk around the room. What feelings come to you as you move this way?
Imagine your feet sinking into mud with each step, how do you pull your feet out? Do you feel like you are getting sucked back in, or are you able to push through and break free? Is every step this hard? Where else in your life do you feel you are unable to free up?
When we connect with our sense of progression, outpouring or holding back as we move lightly (walking on egg shells, or sneaking up on someone) or firmly (trudging through a field of snow, or stomping a tree into the ground) we notice how our movement may impact our mood, or how our moods and imagination may be impacted by moving.
Connecting physically allows us to connect emotionally, psychically and spiritually. Discovering your relationship to weight and flow supports the integration of your body/mind so you can make lasting and healthy shifts so you can enjoy the feeling of your bare feet on the earth and the wind playing in your hair.
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Hyperbolic plane has a beautiful triangulation by congruent hyperbolic triangles where all the vertices of the triangulation have degree 7, this is of course not possible in the euclidean plane, even more, I think it is not possible to triangulate the euclidean plane with triangles that are $C$-bilipschitz with a unit triangulation for some constant $C$, because that would imply there is a bilipschitz map from $\mathbb{H^2}$ to the euclidean $\mathbb{R^2}$ and this is not possible, is that correct?
So my question is: is it possible to triangulate the euclidean plane with any kind of euclidean triangles such that at every vertex has degree 7. I've been trying to do it by hand but always a lot of little triangles start appearing and I'm not certain if I can continue triangulating in such a way that the whole plane is covered.
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Take a conformal map of the hyperbolic plane to the disc and triangulate it in a way reminiscent of an M.C. Escher painting. Map the vertices from the disc to the plane with some stupid map - the inverse of $(x,y) \to (x/\sqrt{1+x^2+y^2},y/\sqrt{1+x^2+y^2)$, say. Then draw a straight line between every pair of vertices that had a straight line drawn between them before. If none of the lines cross and none of the triangles start overlapping, you're good, but I'm not sure how to figure out whether this happens. – Will Sawin Aug 8 '12 at 18:11
2 Answers 2
up vote 6 down vote accepted
Unless I am missing something: start with the image of a degree-seven triangulation of the hyperbolic plane (coming from the (2, 3, 7) triangle group -- that is the triangulation both you and _USER_ seem to be alluding to) in the Beltrami-Klein model (this will be a triangulation of the disk with Euclidean straight edges). Then lift the vertices of which are distance $r$ from the origin by some monotoically increasing convex function of $r,$ such that $f(1) < \infty, f(0) = 0$ This will move your triangulation to a straight-line triangulation of a convex "cup." Now centrally project this from the point $(0, 0, f(1)).$ The image will be a combinatorially equivalent triangulation of the plane.
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_USER_: I think, the easier way to describe what you are doing is to realize (2,3,7)-triangulation of hyperbolic plane on the hyperboloid $x^2+y^2-z^2=-1, z>0$, then straighten it replacing hyperbolic geodesic segments with Euclidean ones. Now, project the result orthogonally to the xy-plane and you are done. – Misha Aug 8 '12 at 20:16
Thanks Igor and Misha for your quick and clear answers. – shurtados Aug 8 '12 at 20:42
_USER_: yes, of course you are right. What I am describing is slightly more general, but also I was conjecturing that the OP might have been less familiar with the hyperboloid model... – Igor Rivin Aug 9 '12 at 13:19
I am not sure what you are asking in your first question (what is a "unit triangulation"?) but one can prove the following:
There is no geodesic triangulation of the plane with all vertices of degree >6 and such that the following conditions holds:
b) the angles of triangles are bounded from below.
Condition b) means that each triangle is bi-Lipshitz to an equilateral triangle, so this is probably what you ask. And the reason you mention is valid.
Examples of geodesic triangulation with vertices of degree 7 are given in the previous answer, and it follows from, b) that some triangles in these examples are very thin.
Edited later. My first answer also had condition
a) all triangles are bounded.
I claimed that b) can be replaced with a).
This condition CANNOT be used to replace b). Here is an example of a geodesic trianglation of the plane with all vertices of arbitrarily high degree, and bounded triangles.
Begin with an equilateral triange inscribed in the unit circle. From each vertex draw segments from the unit circle to the concentric circle of radius 2, so that the degree of each vertex on the unit circle becomes large. Add some chords of the circle of radius 2, connecting the endpoints of these segmnts. Draw additional segments to make this a triangulation of some polygon inscribed in the circle of radius 2. All inner vertices of this triangulation have large degree.
Now repeat this construction. We obtain a sequence of larger and larger polygons $P_n$ each inscribed in a circle of radius $n$, and each polygon is triangulated so that the degrees of inner vertices is large. Continuing this indefinitely, we obtain a triangulation of the plane.
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9/9/12 should be 8/9/12 in the US, 9.8.12 in Europe, or just omitted, since MathOverflow automatically keeps track of editing times. – Andreas Blass Aug 9 '12 at 14:56
Very nice triangulation, thanks!! – shurtados Aug 11 '12 at 20:47
Your Answer


g and the sandwiches contain 6 g, so a similar calculation (6/20, multiply by 100) shows that the sandwiches contain 30% of the saturated fat for the day. You may find 5.3.2 Reference intake values useful. 2) Consider the data in Table 3 for a chocolate and caramel snack bar. Table 3 Nutrients and kilocalories in a 100 g snack barCalories in a chocolate and caramel snack bar (62.5 g): 280.6 kcal
Energy or nutrient Reference intake
Calories 448 kcal
Carbohydrate 68.1 g
Protein 4.2 g
Fat 17.4 g
Fibre 1.1 g
What is the most number of bars that a person could eat without exceeding the daily RI of 2000 calories (kcal)? How much fat would they consume if they ate those bars?
a) they could eat 4 bars and would consume close to the RI of fat for a day Incorrect: try again? You may not have noticed that one bar weighs only 62.5 g, not 100 g. So, remember to use the number of calories in one bar. You may find 5.3.2 Reference intake (RI) values useful. b) they could eat 5 bars and would consume just over the RI of fat for a day Incorrect: try again? You may not have noticed that one bar weighs only 62.5 g, not 100 g. So, remember to use the number of calories in one bar. You may find 5.3.2 Reference intake (RI) values useful. c) they could eat 7 bars and would consume slightly more than the RI of fat for a day Correct: Because one bar weighs 62.5 g, the amount of calories in one bar is about 280. The maximum number of bars that would provide a calorie count of less than 2000 is 2000 ÷ 280, which gives more than 7 bars, but less than 8. Each bar contains just over 10 g of fat (there are 17.4 g of fat in 100 g of the bar), so 7 bars would contain just over the RI value advice for fat of 70 g. You may find 5.3.2 Reference intake values useful. d) they could eat 7 bars and would consume more than 50 g over the RI of fat for a day. Incorrect: try again? You have correctly calculated the number of bars, but have probably forgotten that each bar contains significantly less than 17.4 g of fat, since each bar weighs only 62.5 g. You may find 5.3.2 Reference intake (RI) values useful.
4 Sweeteners
Figure 8 Different packets sweetener sachets. A pile of different sweetener sachets with different brands.
Sweeteners are used in some foods to reduce the energy from food, in an attempt to reduce obesity. There have been many headlines about the safety of sweeteners. In 2010, there was a Panel discussion about sweeteners and they came up with ten points in a document called 'The Science of Low Calorie Sweeteners – separating fact from fiction'. Low calorie sweeteners are food additives that provide a sweet taste with very few calories (Table 4). Click on this link and read the document: The science of low calorie sweeteners – separating fact from fiction (British Nutrition Foundation, 2010) Table 4 Sweeteners used in the UK to reduce the amount of sucrose (table sugar) which provides 4kcal/gram
Type of sweetener Name E number Acceptable daily intake (ADI)mg/kg body weight Energy provided Comments
Bulk sugar alcohols: sorbitolmannitolxylitol E420 E421E967 None specified 2.4 kcal/g Amounts 10g/100g or more require a warning statement as it can lead to gastrointestinal side effects in sensitive individuals.
Intense saccharin
aspartame acesulfame K (ace K)
E954E951E950 5409 zerozero 200 times sweeter than sucroseAce K: cannot be used by people with PKU
Intense stevia E960 4 zero Plant based: 200–300 times sweeter than sucrose
Intense sucralose E955 15 zero 600 times sweeter than sucrose
Intense neotame E961 None specified zero 7000 times sweeter than sucrose
4.1 How safe are sweeteners? There has been a lot of media coverage about the safety of sweeteners. You will note that Table 4 has acceptable daily intake levels for some sweeteners. The majority of people will not go over the safe levels in a lifetime and food products often contain combinations of sweeteners. There have been risk assessments on low and no calorie sweeteners (LNCS). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS Panel) carries out risk assessments and provides scientific advice on food additives used as sweeteners, including the amounts which can be used. The amount of sweeteners used in products should not cause any adverse effects, including cancer, affect reproduction, or cause allergic reactions. They should not be stored in the body or metabolised into other potentially unsafe products. Acesulfame K is clearly labelled as not suitable for people with PKU (phenylketonuria). It is important to note that foods aimed at children aged up to 3 years old cannot contain sweeteners according to EU law. Many people use products with sweeteners to help with weight loss or weight maintenance. People also feel they are artificial and it is best to just reduce or avoid foods with a high sugar content. This is very much a personal choice but the regulations that are in place support the safe use of sweeteners in the products we consume or use. Activity 5 Hunting for the sweetener Allow approximately 15 minutes. Have a look in your cupboards and fridge/freezer and make a note of all the food you have that contains a sweetener. Which foods have you noticed contain sweeteners? Write your comments in the box below. Click 'Save' when you are satisfied with what you have written. You might have noticed that sweeteners can be found in drinks, desserts, jam, dairy products, cereals, ready meals, salad dressings, cakes, chewing gum, alcohol, toothpaste, mouthwash and lip gloss, as well as some vitamins and sugar-free medications. Does it surprise you that sweeteners can also be found in non-food items? You can find more information about the safety of sweeteners in NHS choices (2018). A Public Health England report in 2017 sets out a 20% reduction in the use of sugar in products by 2020. The report states: All sectors of the food and drinks industry are challenged to reduce overall sugar across a range of products that contribute most to children's sugar intakes by at least 20% by 2020, including a 5% reduction in the first year of the programme. This can be achieved through reducing sugar levels in products, reducing portion size, or shifting purchasing towards lower sugar alternatives. Do you feel it is the responsibility of the food industry to make these changes? Or is it the choice of members of the public to make these decisions for themselves? You can see the full report on the Public Health England website (2017).
5 This week's quiz Check what you've learned this week by taking the end-of-week quiz. Week 5 quiz Open the quiz in a new window or tab, then return here when you have done it. 6 Summary This week, you looked at the energy in food and perhaps successfully extracted the energy from a peanut. You are also now more up to date on the debate about sweeteners and safety. You should now be able to understand: the difference between calories and joules how each food group contributes to the energy in your food and drink how to work out the energy in food the reference values of the different food groups. Next week, you will look at healthy eating advice in the UK and around the world, global nutrition issues (particularly obesity), and diets spanning from wartime Britain to today's food banks. You can now go to Week 6.
Week 6: What do people eat? Introduction Welcome to Week 6 of the course. Last week you looked at how much energy food contains and the reference values for different components of food. This week, you will consider how all of this fits together as part of a balanced eating pattern. By the end of this week's study you will be able to understand: the Eatwell Guide and dietary approaches in different countries vegetarian and vegan diets the meaning of malnutrition how to measure obesity. To start you thinking, here are some questions. What do you already know about what a balanced eating pattern may mean? What healthy eating advice have you heard or seen? Do you think that what is portrayed in the media helps with understanding? In the following video Audrey Brown from The Open University finds out whether some members of staff at the University think they are eating a healthy and balanced diet. AUDREY BROWN Today, we're asking people what makes for a healthy diet. How do you know if you're eating a balanced diet? SPEAKER 1 I was intending to have a baked potato and cottage cheese, which was going to be my plan, and because I've had a bad morning, I'm probably going to have bacon and egg instead, so I think it's probably not such a good choice. SPEAKER 2 Fish and chips. I had


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You can insert a picture behind any Excel chart.
To create a static four quadrant background you will need to insert a picture into the chart. For this example I created a picture in a drawing program showing four quadrants, each quadrant a different color. Since the upper right was a positive outcome I chose green. The lower left was a risk quadrant so I chose pale red.
Next week's newsletter describes how to create a Four Quadrant – Matrix Model where the background matrix can resize itself when mid-points change. This is very useful for example if you want quadrants to show above or below average. Watch for the article, How to Create a Dynamic Four Quadrant Matrix Model with a Combination Bubble and Column Excel Chart
Pictures can be inserted as backgrounds behind an entire chart or behind the Plot Area. In this case, we want the quadrants to align with chart axis and mid-points so it is inserted in the Plot Area. To do this,
1. Use a drawing program to create equally spaced quadrants with the colors you need. (I've included a sample you can download as well as an Excel file showing quadrants you can color and then save.) Save the file as a JPG or PNG file.
2. Select the Excel Plot Area by clicking in it so the four handles appear at each corner of the area enclosing the balloon chart. You can also select anywhere in the chart, click the Format tab and then look for the chart element selector at the far left on the ribbon.
3. Right-click the edge of the Plot Area and select Format Plot Area.
4. Select Fill, then the Picture or Fill option. Use the Insert File button to insert the graphic file from disk.
The picture will extend to the farthest edges of the Plot Area. If you did not scale your chart's data and limit the X and Y axis to 100, then the mid-point for the quadrants will misalign with the mid-point of the data and axis.
Download an Excel worksheet with four color matrix you can change colors with.


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Unfortunately, breast implants can sometimes go wrong. If you have had a breast implant that was done incorrectly, you may be able to claim medical negligence. In this article, we will discuss what constitutes medical negligence and how you can go about making a claim.
What are Breast Implants?
Breast implants are prosthetic devices that are inserted into the breast in order to increase size or improve shape. Breast implants are commonly used for cosmetic reasons, but they can also be used for reconstruction after breast cancer surgery.
There are two main types of breast implants: saline and silicone. Saline breast implants are filled with sterile salt water, while silicone breast implants are filled with a gel. Both types of breast implants have an outer shell made of silicone.
What Can Go Wrong With Breast Implants?
There are several potential complications that can occur with breast implants. These complications can occur soon after surgery, or they may not develop until years later.
Capsular contracture is one of the most common complications of breast implants. This occurs when the scar tissue around the implant (the capsule) begins to tighten, causing discomfort and hardening of the breast. Capsular contracture can occur with both saline and silicone breast implants.
Another common complication is implant rupture. This occurs when the outer shell of the breast implant breaks. If a saline breast implant ruptures, the salt water will be absorbed by your body and you will likely experience no symptoms. However, if a silicone breast implant ruptures, you may experience pain, swelling, and changes in breast appearance.
Other potential complications of breast implants include infection, bleeding, and asymmetry.
What is Medical Negligence?
Medical negligence is defined as any action (or lack of action) by a healthcare professional that results in harm to a patient. In order for a claim of medical negligence to be successful, the following must be proven:
– That the healthcare professional owed the patient a duty of care
– That the healthcare professional breached their duty of care
– That the patient suffered harm as a result of the breach
– That the harm was caused by the negligence and not by any other factor
If you have experienced any of the complications listed above, or any other problems with your breast implants, you may be able to make a claim for medical negligence.
Medical negligence occurs when a healthcare professional fails to provide the standard of care that a reasonable person would expect in a particular situation. This can happen during surgery, or it can occur afterward if a healthcare professional fails to properly monitor a patient's progress.
There are several different ways in which medical negligence can occur with breast implants. For example, if a surgeon fails to insert the breast implant correctly, this could lead to capsular contracture or rupture. If a surgeon uses substandard materials for the breast implants, this could also lead to complications.
How Can You Claim for Medical Negligence?
If you believe that you have suffered from medical negligence in relation to breast implants, you may be able to make a claim. To do this, you will need to gather evidence to support your case. This evidence can include medical records, photos of your breast implants, and testimony from witnesses. What is the process of a medical negligence claim?
If you have been the victim of medical negligence, you should contact a solicitor as soon as possible. They will be able to advise you on whether or not you have a case and can help you to gather the evidence that you need.
A claim for medical negligence can be complex, so it is important to seek legal advice from a solicitor who has experience in this area. If you win your case, you may be awarded compensation for your injuries and any financial losses that you have incurred.
If you are successful in your claim, you may be awarded damages to cover the cost of medical treatment, lost earnings, and pain and suffering. You may also be able to claim for future medical expenses if your breast implants need to be removed or replaced.
If your medical negligence case goes to court, you will need to prove that the healthcare professional breached their duty of care and that this breach resulted in you suffering harm. You will also need to show that the harm was caused by negligence and not by any other factor.
The amount of compensation that you are awarded will depend on the severity of your injuries and the impact that they have had on your life. If you have suffered from a serious complication, such as breast implant rupture, you may be entitled to a higher amount of compensation.
If you have suffered from a serious complication, such as breast implant rupture, you may be entitled to a higher amount of compensation. Seeking legal advice as soon as possible is vital if you believe that you have been the victim of medical negligence.


Posted on 1998-11-06
Last Modified: 2010-04-30
I have a math vb program.
And I would like to know how much time (sec or less) does
program need to find the asnwer. Because this is 200 points,
so I need experts to explain to me in detail, if it is
possible? (please, bec. I am new)
in the form I have :
 some label and textbox for entering and displaying.
 a ok button - that will take the input and find out the
My guess is : when user hit "ok" button, the timer should start and when answer is found out, then timer stop. The time that program need to find out the answer should be able
to be displayed in sec or sometime is.001 sec.
so in "ok" procedure, I have :
some declarations
loop until ok = 0
display answer and time.
if you need more information, comment me, please.
or you can suggest you own program.
thank a lot
Question by:visualbasic_18
 - 5
 - 4
Accepted Solution
MikeP090797 earned 200 total points
ID: _PHONE_
'Put this in the declaration part of your form:
Private Declare Function GetTickCount Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetTickCount" () As Long
Put this before the calculation
Dim lStart as long
Author Comment
ID: _PHONE_
Thank you. here is my code :
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim lStart As Long
ok = 1
a1 = Val(inta.Text)
a2 = 1
a3 = 0
b1 = Val(intb.Text)
b2 = 0
b3 = 1
 lStart = GetTickCount()
 If a1 = 1 Then
 X1.Text = a1
 X2.Text = a2
 x3.Text = a3
 ok = 0
 End If
 If b1 = 1 Then
 X1.Text = b1
 X2.Text = b2
 x3.Text = b3
 ok = 0
 End If
 If a1 > b1 Then
 a1 = a1 - b1
 a2 = a2 - b2
 a3 = a3 - b3
 End If
 If b1 > a1 Then
 b1 = b1 - a1
 b2 = b2 - a2
 b3 = b3 - a3
 End If
Loop Until ok = 0
c.Text = CStr((GetTickCount() - lStart) / 1000)
End Sub
am I right?
Author Comment
ID: _PHONE_
If my code is right, then can you explain the meaning of this code to me :
1. Private Declare Function GetTickCount Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetTickCount" () As Long
2. Dim lStart as long
3. IStart=GetTickCount() ' what is this?
4. Labe1.Text=Cstr((GetTickCount()-lStart)/1000) ''what is Cstr?
Why i never see the ( 1. ) line of code, where do you get it and where I can find more information about it, because I can't this code in my vb book.
I have ran the program and it give me 0.064 for time. What does that means? a sec or less than sec.
DevOps Toolchain Recommendations
Author Comment
ID: _PHONE_
another question :
I inputed 12 and 41, when I got the answer, I pressed the ok button again and
again, but it gave me different time, why?
I think the time should be same, because the input is same, why?
Expert Comment
ID: _PHONE_
The First line is a declaration of a Windows API procedure. Read the help on 'Declare' to get more info. GetTickCount returns the number of milliseconds (1/1000 of second) since the time Windows started, so when you compare the return values between 2 calls, you get the interval. The time is in seconds, so 0.something is less then a second. It gives different time on each run, because each time windows allocated specific time for your process, it's a normal phenomenon.
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how to get the same time
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It's impossible, there is no way to control it. Why do you need to do it anyway?
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I just need to find a very accurate time
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The time is as accurate as it gets, but it takes the algorithm a different time to run every time. It depends on a lot of factors, none of them are at your control. It's like if you measure how much time exactly it takes a program to load, you will find out it's never the same
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text:
Song, Y.; Sun, X. Modeling and Dynamics of a MDOF Isolation System. Appl. Sci.2017, 7, 393.
Song, Y.; Sun, X. Modeling and Dynamics of a MDOF Isolation System. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 393.
This study analyzes the modeling and dynamics of a novel passive in Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) vibration isolation platform which can achieve significant isolation effect. Symmetrical Scissor-Like structures (SLSs) are utilized in the proposed MDOF isolation platform as the supporting and isolation elastic components. Based on the mathematical modeling and theoretical analysis of the MDOF vibration isolation system with SLSs, the effect of structural parameter and joint friction on stiffness and damping properties is investigated. It is shown that due to geometric relations within the SLSs, the natural frequencies can be reduced via adjusting structural parameters of the SLS for different direction vibration isolation. Theoretical and experimental results show that the SLS isolation platform can achieve much better loading capacity and vibration isolation performance simultaneously by only using linear passive components because of the MDOF adjustable stiffness property. Therefore, with low costing and energy consumption, the proposed novel isolation platform can provide the improvement of vibration suppression in various engineering practices.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


The post-Soviet transition to a not so free market economy
5 June 2018 // Ieva Stepanaviciute
Lithuania has implemented a far-reaching economic reform program aimed at facilitating the shift from a centrally-planned economy to a free market one. Although substantial progress has been made, there is evidence to suggest a lack of effective policy implementation.
One key feature of economic freedom in Lithuania is considered to be the 15% flat income tax. However, the actual tax burden exceeds this figure significantly. The tax burden derived from social security and health insurance contributions paid by both employer and the employee is 41% on average income earners which is 5% higher than the OECD average. Employers are also taxed for the guarantee expenses (0.2%) and long-term benefits (0.5%). Combined with the rest of business taxes, the friendliness of the business environment is questionable. Currently, politicians are discussing the implementation of progressive taxation, which would lead to an even heavier tax burden. The Tax-Exempt Allowance (TEA) is already higher for lower-earners in terms of percentage and absolute numbers, while productive higher-earners, despite paying four times more of social security contributions, receive a pension only two times higher than lower-earners.
All this suggests that Lithuania is not a country of low taxes, but rather a country of already partially progressive and poorly administrated taxation.
When it comes to the remaining state-owned enterprises in Lithuania, one can think of an 'unholy' union between businesses and government, which results in government tailoring the rules to benefit its businesses, coupled with too few checks and balances to guarantee fair competition. An example illustrating this was the state-owned rail company engaging in economic sabotage against other companies to increase its revenue; it was not held responsible for its actions until the European Commission intervened. The Lithuanian government struggles to implement fair and transparent policies on state-owned enterprises and during the past decade most reforms have been triggered by parliamentary elections rather than consistent policies. If state-owned strategic companies were to be privatized, it would facilitate financing other strategic state projects and release taxpayers from maintaining those SOEs.
Implementing the transition to a free market economy implies many good economic policies. However, poor governmental practices will cause back-sliding if no measures are taken to ensure effective policy implementation.
Further reading:
Progressive Taxation. Are Taxes in Lithuania Too Low?
Government Watch. On Progressive Income Taxation
Lithuania to Commemorate Respect for Taxpayers Day
Private or public? What kind of business does Europe prefer?
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|This material is published under the OGL|
Natural weapons are weapons that are physically a part of a creature. A creature making a melee attack with a natural weapon is considered armed and does not provoke attacks of opportunity. Likewise, it threatens any space it can reach. Creatures do not receive additional attacks from a high base attack bonus when using natural weapons. The number of attacks a creature can make with its natural weapons depends on the type of the attack—generally, a creature can make one bite attack, one attack per claw or tentacle, one gore attack, one sting attack, or one slam attack (although Large creatures with arms or arm-like limbs can make a slam attack with each arm). Refer to the individual monster descriptions.
A creature's primary natural weapon is its most effective natural attack, usually by virtue of the creature's physiology, training, or innate talent with the weapon. An attack with a primary natural weapon uses the creature's full attack bonus, and its damage includes its full Strength modifier (1-1/2 times its Strength bonus if the attack is with the creature's sole natural weapon). Attacks with secondary natural weapons are less effective and are made with a –5 penalty on the attack roll, no matter how many there are, and add only 1/2 the creature's Strength bonus to damage. (Creatures with the Multiattack feat take only a –2 penalty on secondary attacks.) This penalty applies even when the creature makes a single attack with the secondary weapon as part of the attack action or as an attack of opportunity.
Natural weapons have types just as other weapons do. The most common are summarized below.
The creature attacks with its mouth, dealing piercing, slashing, and bludgeoning damage.
Claw or TalonEdit
The creature rips with a sharp appendage, dealing piercing and slashing damage.
The creature spears the opponent with an antler, horn, or similar appendage, dealing piercing damage.
Slap or SlamEdit
The creature batters opponents with an appendage, dealing bludgeoning damage.
The creature stabs with a stinger, dealing piercing damage. Sting attacks usually deal damage from poison in addition to hit point damage.
The creature flails at opponents with a powerful tentacle, dealing bludgeoning (and sometimes slashing) damage.


text:
New demands on our land resources require more stringent controls and management practices. The administration of these controls requires better and more frequent information concerning land use. Although new tools became available to aid in acquiring and processing the data, a major lack in uniform techniques for identifying the land use was a major problem. Creation of a more standard form of classification of land use, based on the capabilities inherent in the various forms of remote sensors and other data sources was a necessary step.
A classification has been created, and published in preliminary form, by the Geological Survey of the United States Department of Interior. It is presented as Geological Survey 671, entitled "A Land Use Classification System for Use With Remote Sensor Data". This paper discusses the origin, development, and controlling influences of that classification system.
Date of this Version


grid orientation, give me
which flips round (or regrids) the x,y and z, and ALSO suitably transposes the u,v,w, so it matches the transformed x,y & z.
Either today is a fuzzy Friday for me, or this is not a simple as it may sound.
Hi Loren!,
I have a problem.SO,was going through this post. I still dont have an answer so i post it here.
I have a 2 dimensional matrix which i read from a file.There are multiple files, sigma1, sigma2 and so on,
I read it from the file and assign it to a local variable ( a 3 dimensional matrix) and reassign this another variable, which i intend to use in the actual code. But i have difficulties in indexing. I am sort of confused.
My question, can i use something similar to ## in C to append a number to a variable, for example
MU##1 = MU; %assign matrix MU to MU1;
My code is here anyways
for i =1:N % for each state of nature wi
 for j = 1:M,
 mu = strcat('K:\MU',int2str(i),'.txt');
 sig = strcat('K:\SIGMA',int2str(i),'.txt');
 data_mu = load(mu);
 data_sig = load(sig);
 MU(i,:,j) = data_mu(:,j); % load different columns to 3d ARRAY
 SIGMA(i,:,j) = data_sig(:,j);
MU1 = MU(1,:,:); % load matrix of first dimension.
SIGMA1 = SIGMA(1,:,:);
Ex : sigma = [2 0;0 0.5];
Thanks!


text:
In Umlaut, there is a database column that basically corresponds to "service_status". This gets set, in sequence, to "queued", "in_progress", and then "complete". (Also some possibility of error statuses etc).
There is a point in Umlaut logic where it first checks to make sure a row is "queued", then only if it is sets it to "in_progress" and executes the service.
The idea is that if it was already set to "in_progress" by someone else (another thread or another process entirely), we leave it alone, we don't execute the logic, it's already in progress by someone else.
And the problem with the original implementation was the race condition. First we fetch the model instance (an SQL query), and check it's service_status. Then, only if it's service_status is 'queued', do we set it's service_status to 'in_progress' and proceed to execute. But the race condition is clear here — in between the first SQL query to fetch, and the second to update, some other thread or process may have already updated it to 'in_progress' and began execution, and now we have double execution.
The solution? Some form of "optimistic locking" using the atomic facilities of any rdbms. Now, I'm not actually talking about the 'optimistic locking' feature built into ActiveRecord. You probably could use that feature here, but it requiers adding a special column to your db, rescuing 'ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError' etc. The optimistic locking feature built into AR is potentially a powerful general purpose tool when you need to avoid concurrent updates to any column at all in many different scenarios.
But for this particular use case, there's a simpler way to do it ourselves. We basically want to have a single SQL line that updates the column to 'in_progress' if and only if it was already 'queued', in a single atomic rdbms operation, and then lets us know if the update happened or not. We can generate such an SQL using ActiveRecord 3 update_all.
my_active_record_model = ModelClass.where( however_we_fetched_it ) num_updated = ModelClass.where(:id => my_active_record_model.id, :service_status => "queued"). update_all(:service_status => "in_progress") if num_updated > 0 # we updated, execute else # it did not have a service_status of queued, someoen # else beat us to it end
- Haven't actually updated Umlaut yet, there are some annoying legacy issues in Umlaut that make this a bit harder to fix.
- Note that update_all does not automatically update ActiveRecord 'updated_at' columns, you can include those yourself if you want them in the hash of columns to update. ':updated_at => Time.now'.
- This is also an example of why you need to know and understand SQL and rdbms even if you are using a good ORM like ActiveRecord. And I love ORM's, but if you didn't know SQL/rdbms, you wouldn't be able to come up with a clear way to solve this race condition in terms of SQL, and then figure out the cleanest way to do that with AR.)
- Some answers on the web to analagous problems to this one suggest using db transactions here. I suspect that transactions may not even be able to solve this problem, but even if there's a way to do it somehow with transactions, it's going to be messier. Transactions aren't in fact the right tool here. A simple optimistic locking 'update…where' is.


text:
Joel Cochin was born a metahuman gifted with the power to mimic the physical and mental capabilities of anyone within a certain range. As an adult, he used this gift to excel within the scientific community, earning himself three Nobel prizes. In his arrogance, Cochin believed that the world had been overrun by those he deemed inferior, so he assumed the costumed identity of Paragon and sought to make a dramatic change by ridding the entire planet of all "inferior" beings. This action invariably brought him into conflict with the Justice League of America. At first, Paragon proved every bit their superior, imitating maneuvers such as Black Canary's judo training or Firestorm's molecular reconstruction abilities. The League determined though that he could not duplicate artificially created abilities such as the energy of a Green Lantern Ring or the aerokinesis of the Red Tornado android. Utilizing this strategy, the League succeeded in defeating Paragon.
- Although this character was originally introduced during DC's Earth-One era of publication, their existence following the events of the 1985–86 limited series Crisis on Infinite Earths remains intact. However, some elements of the character's Pre-Crisis history may have been altered or removed for Post-Crisis New Earth continuity, and should be considered apocryphal.
- Joel Cochin is also known as Dr. J. Baines Cochin.
- 3 Appearances of Joel Cochin (New Earth)
- 4 Images featuring Joel Cochin (New Earth)
- Quotations by or about Joel Cochin (New Earth)
- Character Gallery: Joel Cochin (New Earth)
This character is or was primarily an enemy of the Justice League, in any of its various incarnations. This template will categorize articles that include it into the category "Justice League Villains."


November 12th 2017
7 Guidelines for Designers to Become Involved in Strategy
Design has a lot to offer the business world and if the power of design is ever going to be realised it requires us, designers, to build an equal partnership between decision makers and creators.
The designer's skillset
To help take a step closer to this utopia are seven guidelines that can assist designers to realise the strategic significance of their role:
 1. Be thought leader - realise that sometimes you can be thought leader in your organisation.
 2. Be passionate - it's part of your job description, go out on a limb. In being extreme you can be wrong. If you do not have set backs you are not pushing your ideas to the maximum.
 3. Be thorough - do your homework, the key here is research, research, research. Impress people with your careful approach.
 4. Listen widely - ideas can emerge from many places within an organisation. Insights and wisdom can be found in every corner. A designer is there to harvest ideas as well as to generate them.
 5. Think the unthinkable - be willing to question everything, it's necessary to question the status-quo in order to enable change
 6. Win friends - organisations are political, as well as all designs, especially when it can lead to change.
 7. Be flexible - design often require a rapid response to new situations.
Designers bring energy to strategy, they find ways forward. They can enable their organisations to build competitive advantage. Remember in the most part everyone is doing the same, in the same environment, design can react to a changing environment and deliver value quickly, keeping your organisation in the lead.
Get in contact


text:
Colloids are mixtures whose particles are larger than the size of a molecule but smaller than particles that can be seen with the naked eye. Colloids are one of three major types of mixtures, the other two being solutions and suspensions. The three kinds of mixtures are distinguished by the size of the particles that make them up. The particles in a solution are about the size of molecules, approximately 1 nanometer (1 billionth of a meter) in diameter. Those that make up suspensions are larger than 1,000 nanometers. Finally, colloidal particles range in size between 1 and 1,000 nanometers. Colloids are also called colloidal dispersions because the particles of which they are made are dispersed, or spread out, through the mixture.
Colloids are common in everyday life. Some examples include whipped cream, mayonnaise, milk, butter, gelatin, jelly, muddy water, plaster, colored glass, and paper.
Every colloid consists of two parts: colloidal particles and the dispersing medium. The dispersing medium is the substance in which the colloidal particles are distributed. In muddy water, for example, the colloidal particles are tiny grains of sand, silt, and clay. The dispersing medium is the water in which these particles are suspended.
Colloids can be made from almost any combination of gas, liquid, and solid. The particles of which the colloid is made are called the dispersed material. Any colloid consisting of a solid dispersed in a gas is called a smoke. A liquid dispersed in a gas is referred to as a fog.
|Dispersed Material||Dispersed in Gas||Dispersed in Liquid||Dispersed in Solid|
|Gas (bubbles)||Not possible||Foams: soda pop; whipped cream; beaten egg whites||Solid foams: plaster; pumice|
|Liquid (droplets)||Fogs: mist; clouds; hair sprays||Emulsions: milk; blood; mayonnaise||butter; cheese|
|Solid (grains)||Smokes: dust; industrial smoke||Sols and gels: gelatin; muddy water; starch solution||Solid sol: pearl; colored glass; porcelain; paper|
Each type of mixture has special properties by which it can be identified. For example, a suspension always settles out after a certain period of time. That is, the particles that make up the suspension separate from the medium in which they are suspended and fall to the bottom of a container. In contrast, colloidal particles typically do not settle out. Like the particles in a solution, they remain in suspension within the medium that contains them.
Colloids also exhibit Brownian movement. Brownian movement is the random zigzag motion of particles that can be seen under a microscope. The motion is caused by the collision of molecules with colloid particles in the dispersing medium. In addition, colloids display the Tyndall effect. When a strong light is shone through a colloidal dispersion, the light beam becomes visible, like a column of light. A common example of this effect can be seen when a spotlight is turned on during a foggy night. You can see the spotlight beam because of the fuzzy trace it makes in the fog (a colloid).


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Number Format Pattern Syntax
Emma Peel
Joined: Feb 18, 2003
Posts: 10
Can anyone explain how to read:
'\\u0000'..'\\uFFFD' - specialCharacters
It is part of Number Format Pattern Syntax:
pattern := subpattern{;subpattern}
subpattern := {prefix}integer{.fraction}{suffix}
prefix := '\\u0000'..'\\uFFFD' - specialCharacters
suffix := '\\u0000'..'\\uFFFD' - specialCharacters
integer := '#'* '0'* '0'
fraction := '0'* '#'*
found at
Thanks! Emma Peel
Greg Charles
Joined: Oct 01, 2001
Posts: 2962
Greetings Mrs. Peel,
That link you provide has examples of building patterns for number formatters. (java.text.NumberFormat) The extra unicode characters allow you to parse and format strings with more than just numbers, for example a currency character.
One example they give is:
That pattern lets you parse or format string with the Yen sign in front of a series of numbers.
I agree. Here's the link:
subject: Number Format Pattern Syntax
jQuery in Action, 3rd edition


Level and Flow Measurement
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Reasons for the inaccurate of the flap turning of the magnetic level gauge
Author:vacorda Source:vacorda.com Date: 2016-09-15 16:31:47
Level measurement of magnetic level gauge is the two-color magnetic column to indicate liquid level drived by a magnetic float, can be used for the liquid level detectionof a variety of tower, tank, spherical vessels and boilers and other equipment. Magnetic flap level gauge can be high sealing, anti-leakage, and the level measurement can adapt to high pressure, high temperature, corrosive conditions, it is reliable and safe. It makes up for the glass plate (or glass tube) level gauge's unclear of the instructions display, and the lack of easy to break, it won't be influenced with the high and low temperature from the drastic changes.
The whole process of measurement without blind spots, display eye-catching, intuitive readings, and a large measuring range. After long-term use, if it has the medium sediment in the body of magnetic flap level gauge, it will affect the normal work of the float, and be sure to regularly clean. First turn off the gas-liquid valve before cleaning, remove the barrel of the remaining material. Assembly as it is after cleaning, do not overturn the float, the gasket should be replaced to prevent leakage of aging, tighten the screws.
The usage and installation of magnetic level gauge:
1. Level gauge must be installed vertically, the maximum deviation of 3 °
2. The level gauge 200mm around the body can not have ferromagnetic material
3. If the level gauge more than 4 meters, the installation process must be added to the middle support
4. After installation, it should first adjustment with the magnetic steel along the surface slowly moving, so that all the red side of the flap toward the observer.
5. Before level gauge put into run, you should first open the upper valve, and then slowly open the lower valve, so that the media slowly into the cylinder, so that flap one by one flip tracking instructions. And adjust the zero level with the adjustment screw.
6. In use, due to sudden changes in liquid level or other causes of individual flap failure, can be used to adjust the magnet correction.
7. Before performing pressure test on the container, close the communication valve with the liquid level gauge.
Please continuous concerning our offical updating at _URL_


Waco Scottish Rite's Gifts to Camp Success Approach Half Million Mark
October 8, 2009
WACO, TX--Donating $85,000 to Camp Success, Baylor University's summer literacy program, is only the tip of the iceberg for Waco Scottish Rite. Completely funded by Waco Scottish Rite, donations to Camp Success total nearly $500,000 over the past seven years. And the members of Scottish Rite also consistently give their time, energy and heart to the camp because they believe in the impact the program makes on each child involved.
"Camp Success made a big difference in my son's life. They've found out what things are wrong, so that we can help him. It's made him want to do work--want to read. This has given him another chance," commented Robin Reinke, a Camp Success parent.
"It allows a child to be what they can be. Our institutions are full of people who weren't given that opportunity," stated Claude Ervin, chairman of Waco Scottish Rite. "Camp Success helps them become self-sufficient people who are a productive part of the community."
The language and literacy needs in the Waco community can seem insurmountable, but Camp Success is the beginning of a solution. As of Camp Success' recent graduation, 1,074 students have graduated from Camp Success, and 204 graduate students have shared this experience.
"Camp Success changed my life. My reading was dead, but Camp Success brought it back to life!" exclaimed Caleb Jones, a third-grade student in the program.
In 2003, Camp Success began with only 24 children and now serves 80 children with a waiting list of nearly 200. Participants ranging in age from five to 18 are evaluated before camp begins to determine their specific strengths and weaknesses. Speech pathologists then develop a step-by-step plan tailored to each child.
"The impact on the teenagers is powerful," said Dr. Michaela Ritter, the director of Camp Success and assistant chair for Baylor's department of Communication Sciences and Disorders. "When you see that they were failing classes and now they're making Bs and even As and going to college--it's so rewarding."
During the four-week program, each student benefits from 50 hours of tutoring, which is the equivalent to the reading instruction provided in up to 15 weeks in elementary school classrooms. Complete with various weekly themes, a tactic designed to hold the children's interest, Camp Success is a unique program that touches lives in the Waco community.
"We're making a long-term investment in peoples' lives, and the community benefits because they will become productive, involved and self-sufficient citizens. And the school systems benefit immediately because it increases their standards and test scores," Ervin stated.
"It's not just the money. The Scottish Rite people bring doughnuts every morning for the students, they provide T-shirts for all of them and they support us by just taking the time to talk to the kids," Ritter said. "I cannot praise them enough."
Camp Success is a win for everyone: the students, the community, the school systems and even Baylor students. Baylor speech pathology graduate students serve as clinicians working alongside Baylor faculty, to earn practicum hours toward their degree programs.
"The graduate students see fast progress, and confidence soars--for both the graduate student and the child. Typically speech pathologists are with a client two times a week for one hour each time, so when the students get this intensity, they see the progress and then take the same strategies into the workforce," Ritter said.
"I've never been given the opportunity to mentor someone and actually see the results until now," explained Adam Torres, a Baylor graduate student who is a clinician for Camp Success. "It's been amazing to see them utilizing the strategies we've taught them effectively."
Scottish Rite's recent donation equipped the camp with books, supplies and faculty salaries, empowering the camp to keep touching lives. Their consistent partnership enables Camp Success, now in its seventh year, to provide free language and literacy therapy--therapy that would cost parents $7,000 to $10,000 if paid out of pocket.
"The breadth and depth of the program is immeasurable," Ervin said. "It can be whatever we want to make it--all we need is more people who have enough interest to help it forward."
Jacob Suchecki, one of the many students impacted by Camp Success, announced his gratitude, "Thank you Scottish Rite for giving us all the money so that we can get the stuff we need for success."
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text:
The first volume of In italiano. Il corso offers didactic material for 100-120 hours long lessons and individual study activities, and covers A1 and A2 levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.
The volume is articulated in 7 chapters and each one is composed by two or more forms of 60-90 minutes lessons. Each form develops and consolidates the communicative, grammatical, lexical and cultural elements needed to communicate efficiently in day-to-day life situations. Each path offers an introductory text, comprehension activities, oral exercises, exhaustive grammatical summaries, filling exercises regarding the micro functions, numerous listening and review activities.
The chapter is completed by guided writing activities, subdivided in macro functions (to describe/to narrate), cultural elements and some mock exams on the A1 and A2 levels.
In the text is it possible to find some suggestions about further useful activities contained in the volume written by Angelo and Gaia Chiuchiù Comunicare in italiano (Hoepli 2015).
Online Resources _URL_ with:
- Transcription of the audio tracks whose text are not contained in the volume;
- Exercises keys;
- Translation of the tasks in different languages in the first and the second chapter;
- A teacher's book containing the description of the didactic paths;
- A class register downloadable in a PDF form, easy to fill in and to share with the colleagues.
On the website _URL_ several fee-paying additional materials (didactic, deepening and complementary) linked to the course, constantly enriched and updated, are available.


text:
- Freetags are the way to solicit content authors and/or users to create a taxonomy structure for your site. Unlike categories, which are pre-defined, Freetags give the authors freedom to define their own structure (or lack of structure - with Freetags you can have "Cars","Autos","Automobiles" as tags)
- To access
- Click the Tags icon on the Admin Panel
or Access _URL_
- This page contains the following tabs:
- Categories can be used to create a defined taxonomy structure and to provide access control. Freetags can not be used to provide access control.
- The following information should be migrated to the Freetags section of the Tiki User and/or Admin Guides
Basically folksonomy tagging means/is based on:
- everybody can assign keywords to anything
- bottom-up instead of top-down categorization
- from chaos comes order
- emergent patterns are more powerful than imposition of categories
See: Multilingual tags
You can currently tag:
- Wiki pages
- Blog posts
- Image gallery & individual images
- File Gallery
- Trackers & individual tracker items
- freetag : that allows to add and remove tag from a current object
- freetags_current : that displays the current tags of an object. Only for a wiki page.
- freetags_prefered : Shows the favorite tags of a user. The number of tags is the value of the parameter rows defined at the module assigment.
- freetags_most_popular: Shows the most popular tags. The number of tags is the value of the parameter rows defined at the module assigment.
- freetags_morelikethis: Shows the objects that have the same tags than an object. Only for a wiki page. The number of objects is the value of the parameter rows defined at the module assignment.
When offered to do so (for instance, editing wiki pages), just enter your tags into the textfield separated by spaces.
You can browse the available tags by clicking on one, when seeing it somewhere.
It will take you to tiki-browse_freetags.php with the tag centered in the morcego browser, if that feature is enabled.
The syntax of a tag is defined by the admin setting. Tags are separated by space(s). If you want to enter a tag with a space - if the admin setting allows it, you must enclose it into double quotes. Example: in the module freetag, if you enter: "computer science" ibm pc, you will add 3 tags "computer science", "ibm" and "pc"
- Some ideas about freetags display: _URL_


Mondays, April 6 - April 27
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$218 - $272
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It's of the utmost importance to organize around what you deeply care about these days.
And having access to learnable skills such as managing moods, taking decisive and skillful actions, and relating to others with grounded compassion is crucial.
At the heart of David Weinstock's rich 4-session course you'll find simple life practices that can give you access to those learnable skills.
These practices can help you:
Combining NVC and somatic techniques increases your capacity to organize yourself physically, emotionally, and linguistically. It offers daily and lifetime NVC practices for attuning to your body's signals and the present, direct, and immediate experience of the life you're living. And it brings you face to face with the history you've embodied, your deeper self, your greatest gifts, and the motivation to live more compassionately in the world. And along the way you'll be aligning your words and actions with everything you most deeply care about!
Whether you're just beginning to learn about NVC or are an advanced trainer, you'll find valuable knowledge in this course.
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This is an exercise from Functional Analysis By Walter Rudin on page 178 from chapter Test functions and Distribution. I am having trouble arguing for 2nd part.
Question: For $\Omega=(0, \infty)$
$\displaystyle \Lambda(\phi) = \sum_{m=0}^{\infty}{ D^m\phi(1/m)} $
1) $\Lambda$ is a distribution of infinite order.
In small neighborhood around $\frac{1}{m}$ it's restriction would be $\delta^{(m)}$ which has order m, hence $\Lambda$ has to be of infinite order.
2) Here, we need to show that $\Lambda$ can not be extended to $R$. For this we take infinitely differentiable function $\psi$ with compact support and taking value 1 on compact set $K$ around 0.
$\phi(x) = \psi(x) \exp{ax} ; a>1$ Now, this function $\phi$ makes the series given above diverge. But how to argue that $\Lambda(\phi)$ will be the series given above for $\Lambda $ extended to R.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
If $\tilde\Lambda$ is an extension of $\Lambda$ and $\phi$ is a compactly supported function which is constantly equal to one on $[-1,1]$, then $\phi\tilde\Lambda$ is a distribution of infinite order, by the same reasoning you used in (1). But $\phi\tilde\Lambda$ has compact support, so that cannot happen.
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Hint: If you can find a sequence of test functions $\phi_n$ such that each $\phi_n$ is supported in $(0,\infty)$ and $\phi_n \to \phi$ (in the usual sense), but $\Lambda(\phi_n)$ does not converge, then you will be done. What properties would such $\phi$ have to have?
I don't think there's any special reason to believe that an extension of $\Lambda$ would have to be given by the above series. In fact, in principle $\Lambda$ could have lots of different extensions (an extension could do whatever it wants on $(-\infty,0)$ for instance).
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People Born in the
People Who were Born in the 1950s
A list of famous people who were born in the decade of the nineteen fifties. The 1950s start from the 1st of January 1950 and finish on the 31 of December 1959.
Famous People Born in the 20th Century - 1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s
See also: Famous Peoples Birthdays, Famous Peoples Star Signs, Famous Peoples Chinese Zodiac Signs
Ascension Gateway> Spiritual Quotes> Famous People> Twentieth Century>
Famous People Born in the Decade of the 1950s
Spiritual Guide> Famous Inspirational Quotes> Famous Personalities> 20th Century> Famous People that were Born in the Fifties


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The death of radio astronomer Sir Bernard Lovell
The Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank, Cheshire, UK on 12 May 1976. Picture Nick Lomb
Sir Bernard Lovell, the man forever associated with the giant 250 foot (76-metre) radio telescope near Manchester UK, has died on 6 August 2012 at the age of 98. At his death he was Emeritus Professor of Radio Astronomy at the University of Manchester.
Born in 1913, Sir Bernard studied at the University of Bristol, but moved in 1936 to the University of Manchester. During the Second World War he did important radar work. After the war he wanted to use his knowledge of radar and surplus equipment to study the trails left behind by cosmic rays. In December 1945 he set up two trailers full of radar apparatus plus a diesel generator in a field in the Cheshire countryside where the university happened to have a botanical outstation. He did receive echoes, but instead of receiving them from cosmic rays they were from the trails left behind by meteors. Henceforth meteors became the main research area of his group.
There were some people in the group though that Sir Bernard directed to the new field of cosmic noise, which later became known as radio astronomy. Amongst these was Robert Hanbury Brown who was to marry Sir Bernard's niece and later was a professor at the University of Sydney. It was the results of Hanbury Brown and his student Cyril Hazard in radio astronomy that provided the justification for a large steerable radio telescope. Work on the telescope began with laying its foundations in September 1952 and the telescope began operating in August 1957.
The Lovell Telescope in the Cheshire countryside on 12 May 1976. Picture Nick Lomb
Costs for the telescope were larger than expected and at one stage during construction it was found that the project was about a quarter of a million pounds in debt. These financial problems were ongoing even after the completion of the telescope and Sir Bernard as director of the project would have been in serious trouble but for the launch of the first Earth-orbiting satellite Sputnik 1 soon after the telescope was completed. As the telescope could receive signals from the satellite its worth was confirmed to the public and to politicians and the financial problems disappeared.
Astronomers have used the Lovell telescope to make many significant observations that have added to our knowledge of the Universe. Today the giant radio telescope is still one of the largest steerable radio telescopes in the world. Jodrell Bank holds an important place in astronomy as indicated by the fact that later this year the headquarters of the Square Kilometre Telescope, the giant radio telescope that is to be built in South Africa and in Western Australia, is to move there.
As stated in the announcement of his death by the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, 'Sir Bernard's legacy is immense, extending from his wartime work to his pioneering contributions to radio astronomy and including his dedication to education and public engagement with scientific research. A great man, he will be sorely missed.'
The announcement from the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
Boffin: A Personal Story of the Early Days of Radar, Radio Astronomy and Quantum Optics, by R Hanbury Brown, Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1991.


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Can a Girl Get Pregnant if She Has Sex During Her Period?
Can a girl get pregnant if she has sex during her period? - Jamie*
Yes. A lot of people think that if a girl has sex during her period, she can't get pregnant. But it is possible for a girl to get pregnant while she is bleeding. This can happen for a couple of reasons:
Not all vaginal bleeding is a menstrual period. Sometimes a girl will have a small amount of vaginal bleeding at the time of — the time when she is most fertile. Girls who are ovulating sometimes have some vaginal bleeding that can be mistaken for a period.
Sometimes ovulation can happen before the bleeding from a girl's period has stopped or within a few days after her period is over. All girls can ovulate at different points from cycle to cycle, making it impossible for a girl to know exactly when she is most fertile. Because sperm can fertilize an egg for 72 hours (3 days) after ejaculation, having sex during a girl's period is risky.
Having unprotected sex at any time is risky: Along with the chance of getting pregnant, you can also get a sexually transmitted disease (STD), such as chlamydia, genital warts, or HIV. The only way to prevent pregnancy and STDs is abstinence. If you do have sex, use a condom every time to protect against unplanned pregnancy and STDs. And talk to your doctor about additional forms of contraception.


Why Water Heater Making Noise and Solutions
January 23 2019
Water Heater Making NoisePop, Bang, Tick, Sizzle? What sound is your water heater making? The type of noise your water heater is making can help us diagnose the problem.
My water heater is making a popping noise!
We live on a big beautiful island where rain flows down mountains and then travels underground. In fact, according to the Hawaii Business Magazin, "On average, an estimated 1.8 billion gallons of rain per day fall on Oahu." A third of that water recharges our aquifer by flowing through the porous lava rock that acts like a sponge. The water doesn't just sit there, it moves around until it flows into the sea or into our streams and homes.
Because our water is taken from Oahu's groundwater it is no surprise that many Oahu homes have hard water. You have probably noticed little spots left on glasses and dishes—yup, hard water. Have you ever considered that similar spots collect inside your water heater, on the heating elements? It's true. When minerals build up on the heating element they flake off and collects on the bottom of the tank as sediment. When the water gets hot it bubbles up through the sediment and causes the popping noise.
This problem can be addressed in two ways
 - Drain and flush your water heater.
 1. First turn off the electric and/or gas supply to the water heater.
 2. Next, connect a hose to the drain valve at the bottom of the heater. You will want to drain the water into the closest floor drain or outside the home.
 3. Close the shut off valve at the cold-water inlet line that supplies the water heater with water, and to relieve pressure inside the tank, turn on the hot water at a faucet somewhere in the house (like the kitchen sink).
 4. Next, using a screwdriver, open the drain valve at the bottom of the tank.
 5. NOTE: The water coming out of the hose will bevery hot and could cause severe burns. Make sure no one comes in contact with the water.
 6. Once the water has drained you can use the screw driver to close the drain valve at the bottom of the tank.
 7. Next open the shut off valve to allow cold water to fill the tank.
 8. When a steady stream of water is coming from the faucet you left open, you can close the faucet.
 9. Lastly, turn on the electric and/or gas.
 - Have a water softener installed. Water softeners remove the minerals from the water and therefore will prevent sediment from building up in the tank.
Oahu has hard water, but nothing like the continental United States. In fact, Oahu is known for having some of the freshest water in the world! Still, if you are hearing a popping noise coming from the water heater it is a clear indication that sediment is building up in the tank. You will want to address the problem as sediment can cause the heating elements to overhead and break.
My water heater is making a banging noise
Your water heater in probably not making a banging noise, instead your pipes are making a banging noise. This is known as a water hammer, and usually occurs because the water pressure in your home is too high, or because the air cushion (a device in the plumbing lines designed to manage pressure) is waterlogged. You will want to address this issue by either having a Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) installed on the main line where the water enters the house, or by fixing the air cushion. To fix the air cushion you would need to turn off the water supply to house, and then drain the entire plumbing system. This would allow the air cushion to fill back up.
My water heater is making a ticking noise
Your water heater is probably not making a ticking noise. Instead, just like the water hammer, the fluctuation in water pressure could be causing the ticking noise. It could also be that the hot water pipes are slightly banging against loose pipe straps designed to hold them in place. In addition to ticking, this sound can also sound like a humming or vibrating. To fix this problem, simply tighten the pipe straps or add plastic spacers between the pipe and the strap.
My water heater is making a sizzling sound
A sizzling sound could indicate condensation building up on the bottom of the water heater, or a leak. How can you tell the difference? If the sizzling sound is continuous, then you might have a leak. Water is dripping from the tank onto the hot burner plate and then you here that "tzssssss." If this problem only occurs when the burner is on, then it might just be condensation. Also, if you had a leak, you would notice that the bottom of the water heater was wet.
Whether it is sediment building up on the bottom of the tank, too much pressure in the system, or a leak, all of these issues need attention and have a solution. Your hot water heater is a major appliance in your home that takes care of you. Giving your hot water heater a little attention and TLC will go a long way. If your water heater is trying to tell you something (pop, bang, tick, sizzle), and you would like a pair of expert ears to take a listen, give Emergency Plumbing and Solar a call today! We can show your water heater the TLC it needs, and get things nice and quiet again.


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Banks, mortgage lenders, potential landlords and government agencies routinely verify income before making finance-based decisions. As an employer, either you or a representative from human resources or payroll writes the letter on an employee's behalf. However, if you're self-employed or are writing a letter to verify additional income, you'll need to write the letter yourself. Regardless, understanding the essentials can ensure the letter contains only relevant information.
A Letter Written on an Employee's Behalf
A proof of income letter written on an employee's behalf should be on company letterhead. Although it's not always necessary, a letter for a bank or mortgage lender may also require a company seal or a notary public stamp. The only information it should contain is the person's name, employment status -- full-time or part-time -- current job title, base annual salary and a statement as to whether the person is a permanent or temporary employee. The letter should end with the date, title and signature of the company representative issuing the letter.
Video of the Day
A Self-Written Letter
Except for a few modifications, a self-written proof of income letter has the same requirements as a letter written by an employer. As a self-employed person, use letterhead and include a statement as to how long you've been in business. A personal letter written to verify supplemental income should identify your income sources and attach any required verification documents such as tax returns, bank statements, or a Social Security, child support or worker's compensation award letter. Depending on the requestor's requirements, you may also need to specify how long you expect the income to continue and have the letter notarized.


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Sep. 21, 2011 Trends in the concentrations of nearly sixty atmospheric pollutants have been studied using the data collected in Finland at the Pallas-Sodankylä Observatory from 1996 to 2009. Concentrations of pollutants in Lapland are very low, typically about one tenth of the background concentrations in Southern Finland. Many of the concentrations studied remained unchanged over the long term and nearly half showed a decreasing trend.
Lower concentrations were measured for many pollutants hazardous to ecosystems and humans, such as sulphur dioxide, heavy metals and some polyaromatic hydrocarbons transported from the Kola Peninsula. Long-range transports of sulphates and stable organic compounds have also been decreasing in Pallas. With respect to pollutants from transport (nitrogen compounds, volatile hydrocarbons and ozone), however, the situation remained more or less unchanged.
Climate change affects the dispersion of pollutants
Using results from nine climate models, the project assessed how the transport of pollutants might evolve in the future. It is predicted that, with global warming, southwestern and western winds will become more common, while eastern winds will become rarer. In consequence, concentrations of pollutants carried by southwestern air currents will rise in Lapland. This group includes, for instance, nitrogen dioxide from transport. On the other hand, less pollution, such as sulphur dioxide and black carbon, will reach Lapland from the east. However, according to forecasts obtained with climate models, the changes in wind directions are so slight that the resulting changes in concentrations will be at most a couple of per cent by the year 2100.
Indirect impacts the most important
In consequence of climate change, the pollution loads in northern regions may increase because of growing emissions. By 2050, the Arctic Ocean may be totally free of ice in summer. Should this be the case, increasing ship traffic may cause pollution levels in Lapland to rise as well. The global efforts currently in progress to limit sulphur emissions from marine transport will probably prevent sulphur emissions from rising, but in the worst of cases the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and particles may double from the present level.
Research findings will be presented to the authorities at a seminar to be held in Muonio on 21 and 22 September. The study is a part of the project "Vulnerability Assessment of Ecosystem Services for Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (VACCIA)" coordinated by the Finnish Environment Institute.
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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


portfolio image
The use of Drones in cinematography, allows filmmakers to carry us to unique vantage points to provide audiences with an overlaid perspective. High-end visual effects help convey the emotional message of their story by removing the audience from themselves and providing a voyeuristic view of the world.
These remotely piloted aircraft systems provide a cost-effective means of delivering technically difficult shots to achieve a director's vision through smooth and stable camera movement using virtually any camera or lens. When off the shelf solutions are not enough, our team will design and build a custom air mobility cinematic solution to carry the heavier payloads for multiple cameras and large lens packages.
Feature effects:
 - Tracking Shot is achieved by matching the speed and maintaining focus while following or tracking the subject.
 - Reveal Shot provides an intro, outro or wow effect by starting out of view and then moving into view
 - Pedestal Shot provides creative freedom as the drone flys up or down without moving the camera.
 - Aerial Pan Shot provides stunning visual effects through gimbal-mounted, moving or hovering camera drones.
 - Fly Over Shot provides a geographical perspective illustrating the scale of an object or landscape with the camera focused on one subject while the drone passes overhead.
LENGTH: From single flights to long-term agreements


10 Top Reasons Why Customers Choose Cloudian
On-premises, S3-compatible object storage provides cloud flexibility and multiple data protection options
Are you weighing the benefits of cloud vs on-premises storage?
If so, the right answer might be to use both — a mix of on-premises and public cloud services with data mobility between the two platforms. Here are the top 10 reasons why customers choose Cloudian HyperStore:
1. S3 Enabled
s3 iconSimple Storage Service (S3), pioneered by Amazon, has become the "de facto" standard for object storage in the cloud. Companies and developers implementing S3 apps that may run on-premises, or in hybrid/private cloud should consider Cloudian HyperStore® as it is fully native S3. Unlike other S3 compatible solutions, there is no gateway or access layer. It even reports the same error codes as AWS. Customers' existing HTTP S3 applications are guaranteed to work and can even use the same AWS S3 SDK for building S3 apps.
2. Multi-Tenancy & Self Service
multi-tenancy iconCloudian HyperStore allows multiple users on a single, shared infrastructure without compromising security. Data for each user is logically separated from other users' data and cannot be accessed by any other user unless access permission is explicitly granted. Cloudian HyperStore gives role-based access to system and group administrators and to users. Users can select and provision storage services on-demand from a service catalog, all done via a self-service portal.
3. QoS & Quotas
quality of service iconCloudian HyperStore administrators can set usage rate limits and storage quotas on a per-group and peruser basis. Group administrators can set rate controls and quotas for individual members of the group, allowing prioritization and ensuring preferred access to resources for select users within a group. This level of granular control also ensures that resource consumption (BW, capacity) does not go beyond the limits of the Cloudian HyperStore storage system.
4. Protect & Distribute Data with Storage Policies
storage policies iconCloudian HyperStore provides storage policies (administrator selectable) for implementing data protection based on the value of the data. Users can choose which preconfigured storage policy to effect in order to protect the data. Customers can protect and distribute data using Replication or Erasure Coding.
 - With Replication, a configurable number of copies of each data object are maintained in the system, and each copy is stored on a different node. Copies can exist at various sites if desired.
 - With Erasure Coding, each object is encoded into a configurable number of data fragments plus a configurable number of redundant parity fragments. Each fragment is stored on a different node, and the object can be decoded from any number of fragments.
Storage policies also provide fine grain control of data placement across data centers, taking into consideration factors such as cost efficiency, security levels, and proximity.
5. Scale Out with Low-Cost Commodity Hardware
scale out iconRunning on off-the-shelf commodity hardware, a Cloudian HyperStore system can scale up to thousands of nodes across multiple data centers, supporting millions of users and hundreds of petabytes of data. New nodes — heterogeneous if desired — can be added without service interruption. Performance, capacity, and resiliency also increase in the process. Each node is an S3 server and can provide data access across the cluster, resulting in a true peer-to-peer platform with no single point of failure or bottleneck.
object storage appliance
Hybrid cloud storage lets organizations manage storage resources on-prem and an in the public cloud within a single namespace. Integrated tools let you manage, replicate, and migrate data, so you have information where you need it.
6. Hybrid Cloud Tiering
Tier to Other S3 Platforms
With Cloudian HyperStore, you can define a tiering policy per bucket. Objects in that bucket can be tiered to Amazon S3 or Glacier, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, a different HyperStore cluster, or an S3-compatible off-line storage system such as tape. Warm data can be stored on Cloudian, cold data can be stored on tape, etc.
7. Charge Back & Accounting
Cloudian HyperStore provides system-wide, detailed reporting for a group or individual rate of consumption, such as storage size, data transfer (in and out), number of object get and put operations, and number of metadata get and put operations. The first step is to define a rating plan, where a price is associated with a particular metric. For example, consumption of storage up to 100GB would be $.1/GB per mo. Automatically, statistics are recorded about the users' and groups' consumption. At the end of the billing cycle, a report can be generated calculating the bill for each of group or user based on usage rates.
8. Tunable Consistency Levels
HyperStore also provides the ability to configure the level of data consistency when using replication or EC to protect objects across sites. For example, the default consistency requirement for read and write operations can be defined as "quorum," meaning that a read or write operation must succeed on a quorum (or majority) before a success response is returned to the client application. For mission-critical data objects, the system can wait until an acknowledgment is received from ALL nodes across a single or multiple data center locations.
9. One Platform for Objects & Files
Cloudian HyperStore Connect for Files (CHCF) allows file services on top of Cloudian HyperStore object storage using industry standard protocols like NFS, CIFS, and FTP. File-based environments can gain tremendous benefits from the rich feature set intrinsic to Cloudian HyperStore object storage, such as high durability and availability, geo dispersal, multi-tenancy, and low cost.
10. Object Lifecycle Management
With Cloudian HyperStore, you can configure expiration for objects through Object Lifecycle Management. For example, you can impose a policy on an object so that after a year the object will be deleted (expired) automatically. Through object publishing, you can make an object available and accessible via the Web. You can publish it through a URL, allow a number of downloads against the object, and place an expiration. URL access will vanish accordingly.


\(10^{5}\) -6.82
Example 1.4
What is \(\Delta{G}^{o}\) for isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
If at equilibrium, we have \(K_{eq} = 0.0475\) at 298 K and pH 7. We can calculate:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303\;RT log_{10} K_{eq}= (-2.303) * (1.98 * 10^{-3}) * 298 * (log_{10} 0.0475) = 1.8 \;kcal/mol\]
 - The initial concentration of dihydroxyacetone phosphate = \(2 \times 10^{-4}\; M\)
 - The initial concentration of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = \(3 \times 10^{-6}\; M\)
From equation 2:
\(\Delta{G}\) = 1.8 kcal/mol + 2.303 RT log10(3*10-6 M/2*10-4 M) = -0.7 kcal/mol
Under non-standard conditions (which is essential all reactions), the spontaneity of reaction is determined by \(\Delta{G}\), not \(\Delta{G}^{o'}\).
Gibbs Energy in Electrochemistry
The Nernst equation relates the standard-state cell potential with the cell potential of the cell at any moment in time:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.18}\]
 - \(E\) = cell potential in volts (joules per coulomb)
 - \(n\) = moles of electrons
 - \(F\) = Faraday's constant: 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons
 By rearranging this equation we obtain:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.19} \]
multiply the entire equation by \(nF\)
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.20}\]
which is similar to:
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.21}\]
By juxtaposing these two equations:
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.22}\]
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.23}\]
it can be concluded that:
\[ \Delta G = -nFE \tag{1.24}\]
\[ \Delta G^o = -nFE^o \tag{1.25}\]
Some remarks on the Gibbs "Free" Energy
 - Free Energy is not even "real": G differs from the thermodynamic quantities H and S in another significant way: it has no physical reality as a property of matter, whereas H and S can be related to the quantity and distribution of energy in a collection of molecules (e.g., the third law of thermodynamics). The free energy is simply a useful construct that serves as a criterion for change and makes calculations easier.
 1. Chang, Raymond. Physical Chemistry for the Biosciences. Sansalito, CA: University Sciences, 2005.
 2. Atkins, Peter and de Paula, Julio. Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company, 2006. Page 153-163, 286.
 3. Stryer, Lubert. Biochemistry (Third Edition). New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1988. Page 181-184.
 - Cathy Doan (UC Davis), Han Le (UC Davis)
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Structural studies of trans-N2S2 copper macrocycles
Trotter, K.D. and Reglinski, J. and Robertson, K. and Forgie, J.C. and Parkinson, J.A. and Kennedy, A.R. and Armstrong, D.R. and Sowden, R.J. and Spickett, C.M. (2009) Structural studies of trans-N2S2 copper macrocycles. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 362 (11). pp. 4065-4072. ISSN 0020-1693
The X-ray crystal structures of two related trans-N2S2 copper macrocycles are reported. One was isolated with the copper in the divalent form and the other with copper in its univalent form affording a valuable insight into the changes of geometry and metrical parameters that occur during redox processes in macrocyclic copper complexes. A variable temperature NMR study of the copper(I) complex is reported, indicative of a chair-boat conformational change within the alkyl chain backbone of the macrocycle. It was possible to extract the relevant kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG‡, 57.8 kJ mol−1; ΔH‡, 52.1 kJ mol−1; ΔS‡, −19.2 J K−1 mol−1) for this process at 298 K. DFT molecular orbital calculations were used to confirm these observations and to calculate the energy difference (26.2 kJmol−1) between the copper(I) macrocycle in a planar and a distorted tetrahedral disposition.
Trotter, K.D., Reglinski, J. ORCID logoORCID:, Robertson, K., Forgie, J.C., Parkinson, J.A. ORCID logoORCID:, Kennedy, A.R. ORCID logoORCID:, Armstrong, D.R., Sowden, R.J. and Spickett, C.M.;