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"The purpose of war within Judaism is to restore peace."[i] While this statement is one potential description of the stance Judaism takes on war, it is by no means the only approach. Within Judaism, the laws of war are very complicated, with authorities disagreeing on what types of war are justified, and what is permitted during war. Rabbi J.D. Bleich points out that in Halakhah, "War is sanctioned only when commanded by God, i.e. when divine wisdom dictates that such a course of action is necessary for fulfillment of human destiny."[ii] This limitation, that a war must be permitted by God, results in a complex treatment of war within Halakhah, causing disagreement about what exactly this instruction implies. This article will examine some of the halakhic restrictions on war and takes the perspective that Halakhah sees war as a necessary tool for achieving peace but wants to minimize warfare as much as possible.
According to Rambam, war is classified as either a milhemet mitsvah (obligatory war) or a milhemet reshut (permissible or voluntary war).[iii] A milhemet mitsvah is a war that the king is allowed to wage because God has commanded him to do so, such as war against Amalek or the seven Canaanite nations, or a war in which other nations attacked Benei Yisra'el. A milhemet reshut is a war that the king starts, with the approval of beit din, in order to widen the borders of Erets Yisra'el or to increase his own honor. Not included in either of these two categories, however, is a war of pre-emptive self-defense, a war that Israel may start in order to prevent a forthcoming attack by an opposing nation. According to Jewish tradition, states R. Michael Broyde, this type of war "is not considered to be war," but is simply an extension of the law allowing self-defense against a rodef (pursuer), and therefore does not need to be explicitly mentioned.[iv] However, wars that are not "based on self-defense needs," and do not fall under the other permitted categories, are illegal in Jewish law, such that any killings that would take place during such wars would be considered murder.[v] Perhaps the reason for this limitation on war is the great value that Halakhah places on human life. Judaism's understanding of the worth of each living human is evident from the fact that Jews are required to do everything they can to save a life, with the exception of breaking the three cardinal sins of idolatry, adultery, and murder. The emphasis that Judaism places on the value of life creates a tension when it comes to war, but perhaps this tension explains why the codified laws of war are so detailed and well thought out.
War involves not only manpower and strategy, but weaponry as well. While certain weapons, like guns or swords, are permitted for use in war by Jewish law, the utilization of nuclear weapons is not as clear-cut. Using nuclear weapons would be halakhically unacceptable if it were clear that such usage would cause "large scale destruction of human life on the earth as it currently exists."[vi] This notion is based on a Gemara[vii] that "explicitly prohibits the waging of war in a situation where the casualty rate exceeds a sixth of the population."[viii] As nuclear weapons have the potential to destroy vast expanses of land and kill millions of people, they may fall under this category in certain cases. Lord Jakobovits, former Chief Rabbi of England, notes that "it would appear that a defensive war likely to endanger the survival of the attacking and the defending nations alike, if not indeed the entire human race, can never be justified. On this assumption, then, that the choice posed by a threatened nuclear attack would be either complete destruction or surrender, only the second may be morally vindicated."[ix]
While some authorities prohibit the use of nuclear weapons that have the power to cause large-scale destruction, questions still arise about whether countries are allowed to possess the weapons even if they do not ever plan on using them. Are countries permitted to possess nuclear weapons as a deterrent from attacks, or would ownership itself be prohibited by dint of the fact that such weapons can never be used? If such ownership is, in fact, forbidden, would ownership of nuclear weapons that could be used for small-scale attacks in which the death toll would be less than one-sixth of your population be permitted, even if the owner never plans on using the weapons? Does deterrence through the possession of nuclear weapons, which have the potential to cause mass destruction, actually have the ability to promote life if this deterrence successfully discourages war?
Rabbi Michael Broyde analyzes the halakhic aspect of this issue by comparing nuclear armament to lying in order to save a person's life. Rabbi Broyde explains that just as "lying to save an innocent person's life is permissible," so too "lying to save one's own life" is justifiable as well.[x] Similarly, threatening to harm another party in order to save lives, even without ever intending to harm that party, would be permissible. Since nuclear armament as deterrence is a type of threat that is employed to save lives, possessing nuclear weapons as a deterrent should, by extension, be permitted by Jewish law.
During the Cold War, two Orthodox rabbis, Rabbi Maurice Lamm, a former YU professor and communal leader, and Lord Jakobovits debated whether Western powers should collect nuclear arms as a deterrent to forestall attacks from the Soviet Union, which was building up its own arms at the time. Rabbi Lamm felt it was permissible and even necessary, while Lord Jakobovits felt that it was improper to even begin to collect arms, since nuclear weapons can never be used. Elliot Dorff, rector at the American Jewish University, points out that the response of Lord Jakobovits hints to pacificism "as an undercurrent within Judaism," and that Jakobovits's feeling is an indicator of the way many Jews approach the idea of war between nations.[xi]
Arthur Waskow, a leader of the Jewish Renewal movement and founder of the Shalom Center (an organization that discourages nuclear armament), offers further insight into the reasons behind the anti-armament approach. Waskow argues that armament for the purpose of intimidation alone is not enough of a justification for compiling nuclear arms, as such intimidation "is not a good means for self defense." Waskow's argument seems to be that stockpiling weapons merely for the purposes of intimidation may lead to a reality in which the arms are actually needed for self-defense, but the government will not want to use them. He further claims that possession of these weapons will inevitably lead to destruction when saber-rattling gives way to actual deployment of warheads, making it irresponsible to even begin to collect nuclear weapons.[xii] Thus, according to Waskow, the justification for possessing nuclear arms based on self-defense fails.
The issue of nuclear weapons is not only a halakhic issue, but a moral one. As such, every major demonination within Judaism is represented strongly by different leaders who have expressed moral concerns with nuclear armament. For example, Reform Rabbi David Saperstein, Reconstructionist spokesperson Arthur Waskow, Conservative Rabbi Samuel Dresner, and Orthodox Rabbi Walter Wurzberger all came out strongly against armament because of the threat that nuclear arms hold to the human race.[xiii] As Moshe Lichtenstein points out when discussing nuclear wars in reference to the war of Gog U'Magog, that in a nuclear war, "even the… winners lose."[xiv] That these four rabbis, though they do not have the same views on Halakhah, still had similar opinions on using nuclear weapons points to the moral element of the question. It is a question about the chances people should take with technologies that could potentially do major damage to the world.
Many scientists who played a role in developing nuclear bombs, including numerous prominent Jews, advocated for disarmament later in their lives.[xv] Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity that paved the way for the invention of the atom bomb, strongly urged President Roosevelt to build a bomb before Nazi Germany would. Later, however, he discouraged the use of nuclear weapons. Leo Szilard helped conduct the first nuclear chain reaction; he too later demanded the curbing of atomic weapons. Joseph Rotblat, a scientist who worked on the Manhattan Project (the secret government-sponsored research program which developed the first nuclear weapons), quit the project in 1944, and in 1955 joined Einstein in discouraging armament. J. Robert Oppenheimer headed the Manhattan Project, but three months after his team detonated the first hydrogen bomb, he resigned and discouraged further development of nuclear weaponry. This tendency of scientists working on a nuclear project to turn their backs on it perhaps stemmed from a feeling that while nuclear weapons can be helpful as deterrents, the risks involved in possessing and maintaining them are too great. With their informed perspective, they fully understood the destructive capabilities of nuclear weapons if used inappropriately, and therefore warned against their development.
This question has particular relevance to the State of Israel and its quest to defend itself against the very real threats posed by hostile countries who are in the process of developing nuclear weapons, such as Iran. In the late 1950s, Shimon Peres launched the Israeli nuclear program in Dimona, and it is well-known that Israel has been developing its nuclear program ever since. (This is evident from the case in 1992 where forty-four employees sued the plant for


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Scatterplots are special graphs showing the relationship, or correlation, between two different variables. Scatterplots are very similar to line graphs, except the data points shown are not necessarily spaced consistently and are not connected by a line. Consider the scatterplot shown below. What does it tell us?
This scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, or factors: height and shoe size. There is not a perfect relationship between the two variables, which means we are unable to predict with certainty a person's shoe size from simply knowing his or her weight. Let's consider a specific portion of the scatterplot: heights that related to size 5 shoes. Individuals of three different heights (54, 56, and 57 inches) each wear size 5 shoes. If we look even closer, we can see that second person with a height of 57 inches wears size 6 shoes instead of size 5 shoes. This highlights, again our inability to use a scatterplot to form a definite prediction for the value of one variable based on the value of another.
So, if we cannot use scatterplots to predict specific outcome values, what is the benefit of using a scatterplot? Let's look a little bit closer at the entire scatterplot. We have already discussed that a range of heights are related to wearing size 5 shoes. Does this hold true in all sizes? Look closely at shoe sizes 6, 7.5, and 8. In all shoe sizes, we see that shoe size is related to a variation in height.
Now, let's broaden our focus to look at the entire scatterplot. Do you see any trends? Is there an overall relationship between height and shoe size? Yes! When we look at the entire graph, we can see that as height increases, shoe size generally increases as well. Does this information fit with your existing knowledge of height and shoe size? Sure it does!
By simply looking at one example scatterplot, we have learned that scatterplots can help us identify the relationship between two variables.
Scatterplots Practice Quiz
True or false: Scatterplots allow you to accurately predict the value of one variable from another.
A. True
B. False
The correct answer here would be B, false! Because the relationship between the two variables is not consistent, scatterplots do not allow you to predict the exact value of one variable from a given value of another variable. Scatterplots do, however, allow you to see trends and hypothesize an approximate prediction of one variable based on the other.
True or false: The points on a scatterplot should be connected by lines.
A. True
B. False
The correct answer here would be B, false! We can only use lines to connect data points if we can predict all of the values between the data points. Since the relationship between variables in a scatterplot is not consistent, we cannot connect the points.


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Advantages of Comic Book
It is basic for a man to have the musings that will push them to make a book. An individual must have the goals that they have to achieve when they have made a book. It is essential for a man to ensure that they have advanced toward most of the activities they will understand with the objective for them to be in a condition to achieve their principal mission and be able to get the tips that they need to use in their lives and read more here. Right when a man has picked what the book is about they should start to make it. It is fundamental for a man to have a base all around requested word checks objective with the objective that they can work to achieve it. A man ought to continually guarantee that they have gone to the base word check that they have set for reliably. Likewise it is basic for a man to put time to wear out their book each day. It is fundamental for one to allot time that they will work for their book each day so they can have the capacity to finish it inside the due date that they will have set. When one works for their book every day at the time they will have set they will constantly drive their consistency and it will be principal for them to wrap up their book. An individual ought to have a place where they will work from dependably. It is crucial for one to ensure that the place is beguiling with the objective that the general open can move a solid exertion.
It is vital for a man to guarantee that they have met the without fall flat word check with the target that they can accomplish their reliably due dates. It is thus essential for a man to guarantee that they have been dynamic in the midst of the time with the goal for them to be able to accomplish what they have set. The experts of the book should empower it to various individuals who have formed the book the book beginning at now so they can get some examination which will draw in them to survey the region that won't be made in a favored way. It is essential for one to get an early examination with the target that they can be able to complete their book on time. One should dependably guarantee that they have put the vast majority of the contemplations in the book so the customers can be a bundle to profit by the book when they inspected it.

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--- DISCONTINUED. (Verified 08/2012) RETAINED IN DATABASE FOR REFERENCE. --- Focus in Mathematics, model 1-08280-00, is an activity-based program in mathematics designed for use by teachers of students who are blind or deaf blind, or who have low vision or multiple disabilities including blindness or low vision. The program emphasizes the fundamental operations, properties, and structures of math. It includes 177 activities with over 400 manipulative items, designed to be easily handled and to offer tactile and visual contrast. Concepts include sorting, matching, counting, addition, subtraction, fractions, graphs, times, and money. The Academic Program Complete Kit, model 1-8280-00, includes a teacher's manual for general use, including activities for students who are blind or have low vision. Separate teacher's manuals are available that provide activites for students who are deaf blind (model 7-42710-00) or multihandicapped (model 7-42720-00). OPTIONS: The general academic manual is also available separately.
Notes: Claim effectiveness in residential and public school programs in a variety of instructional settings: regular class, self-contained, resource, itinerant, and home-based programs.
Price: 280.00 to 50.00.
This product record was updated on August 24, 2012.
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American Printing House for the Blind, Inc.PO Box 6085
1839 Frankfort Avenue
Louisville, Kentucky 40206-0085
Telephone: _PHONE_ or _PHONE_.
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In the late 1930s, the Great Depression was in full swing. Many families raised rabbits in pens in their backyards to supplement the backyard garden or meager grocery budget. They would gather grass or spent vegetables to feed their rabbits. As we can learn from our parents and Grandparents, rabbits can be a good source of protein for your family during tough times. They multiply quickly, don't need much space, don't eat much food, produce excellent manure, and are easy to handle and butcher.
Rabbits are one animal that most anyone can start raising right now, and keeping them with worms adds a double punch to your preps. A rabbit-worm combo cage give you several advantages. Not only does it mean less cage cleaning, but it makes a complete ecosystem. The rabbits feed the worms, the worms feed the garden, and the garden feeds the rabbits. You can be built a rabbit-worm cage out of inexpensive wood or even pvp pipe.
Building The Cages & Care
A generously sized rabbit pen is two feet square. The rabbit hutch should be positioned at least 3 foot above the ground and use ½ inch wire mesh floor so rabbit droppings can fall through easily but their legs cannot get stuck. You will need at least two pens. One for the male rabbit (buck) and one for the female (doe) and her babies as adult rabbits are extremely territorial and will kill each other in defense of their territory. If you live in the south make sure you place your cages in a shady spot in the back yard. They can stand cold temperatures fairly well, but will die quikly trapped in a cage in the hot sun on a summer day.
Underneath your small rabbit hutchs build an inexpensive wood frame worm bed about 12 inches deep. Add bedding material to the bed: Good bedding can be any combination of carbon: shredded paper products, decomposing leaves, hay, straw, peat moss etc. Start with a 3 to 4 inch layer on the bottom for your worm bed. Moisten the bedding with water and let your rabbits do their thing until the surface is covered with 1 to 2 inches layer of rabbit manure.
Mix the rabbit manure and bedding material together and wet it down thoroughly. Also note that the worms cannot eat dry, piled-up rabbit manure. Maintain moisture levels so that you can squeeze one to two drops of water out of a handful of bedding. Be sure to keep your rabbits dry when wetting down the beds or they could get sick.
Breedin', Feedin', And Eatin'
Rabbits are very fast and heavy breeders. A doe can produce five to six (five being more common) litters a year. An average litter is seven to eight bunnies. Expect 35-40 rabbits per doe per year. Butcher the bunnies at eight weeks old, after that the food-to-meat ratio drops and the meat gets tougher.
Most people feed rabbits commercial pellets as they are convenient and fairly inexpensive to feed. But in tough times you will have to raise your rabbits on forage alone. Remember the rabbit-worm-garden ecosystem I was talking about eariler? The problem is, today's rabbits have been bred to thrive on a pellet diet. You'll have to grow or forage a few extras for your rabbits to make up for this - weeds, green twigs cut from safe trees, garden refuse, grains and hay are all good for your herd.
Remember that a diet of rabbit meat alone will cause diarrhea, due to its leanness. Be sure to balance your diet with fresh vegetables, chickens, or other sources of fats and nutrients to avoid "rabbit starvation" (also known as protein poisoning), which can cause death in less than a week. Also eating excessive protein forces your body to use more water than usual, which can lead to dehydration. Make sure you have plenty of water and fats avaliable if you choose to make rabbit one of your survival meats.
Related Post: Butchering Homegrown Rabbits For Meat
What are you going to do when your pmedicinal preps run out, or you come upon a sickness you have not though of? I included the below guide to help you better understand herbs and how to use them. There's no feeling like knowing how to find and grow your own medicine. This article is only a basic primer, there's sooo much more that needs to be said but it just cannot be explained online because of size limitations. You need at least two good books on herbal medicines (to compare the two together before proceding). By far the two books I go to most ofen in my medicinal hobby/preparations are Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs and The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook.
Wild Herbs You Can Find
These herbs occur naturally in the wild and are readily avaliable if you know what you're looking for.
Honeysuckle Honeysuckle makes a great substitute for Elderberry (see below). Honeysuckle can be used as an external wash for boils, infected wounds, swelling, scabies, tumors, and rheumatism. The flowers are traditionally used for bacterial dysentery, urinary disorders, eliminating toxins from the body, colds, fevers, flu, asthma, coughs, chest congestion, and laryngitis. The flowers have components that help to lower blood cholesterol, as well as being anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-tuberculostatic.
How to use it: You can make a tea from the flowers. The berries, however, are toxic. So stay away from those. The leaves are fine as well, however the flowers are much more potent.
Tincture: Fill a mason jar with flowers, cover with brandy. Shake once a day, keeping in a cool, dark place, for around 5-6 weeks. Strain though a cheesecloth or a T-shirt.
Syrup: The same way as the elderberry syrup, only fill the entire jar with flowers.
Red Clover Red Clover relaxes the nerves, and the entire nervous system. Can be used as a sedative. It has also been used quite successfully to fight cancer. It is a marvelous preventative for health problems, and a great wash for sores. It is especially good for whooping cough, and it can be consumed freely. It is also wonderful externally for burns, sore, athlete's foot, and ulcers. An anti-spasmodic and expectorant, also good for asthma.
How to use it: Tea: made from the blossoms. Place 4-5 blossoms in a cup of hot water. Steep for 20 minutes. Sweeten if desired.
Tincture: Fill a mason jar with only the blossoms (the other parts are not harmful, however, it is the blossoms that are the most potent), cover with vodka. Let sit in cool, dark spot for 4-6 weeks, shaking daily. Strain through cheesecloth or old T-shirt.
Preserve the flowers by drying.
Mullein Mullein grows throughout the Northern tier and Eastern half of the United States. It is a strong, self-sowing biennial. Dr. Christopher states that it is the "only herb known to man that has remarkable narcotic properties without being poisonous or harmful. Great painkiller and nervous soporific, calming and quieting all inflamed and irritated tissues."
Like most herbs, each part of the Mullein plant has different uses.
- The leaves are used for asthma, allergies, bronchitis, coughs, croup, pulmonary diseases, mild sedative, antihistamine, swelling, pain, and the list goes on.
- The seeds rapidly pass through the intestines and have been used successfully in intestinal obstructions. However, some say that with repeated use they can be toxic. They have a pretty strong narcotic effect as well. They are also used in asthma and infantile convulsions.
- The Flowers are excellent for earaches and ear infections.
How to use it: Poultice from the leaves. Tear a few leaves pretty finely, pour just enough hot water to barely wet. When it cools enough to touch, apply to affected area.
Tea: Put one or two leaves in hot water and allow to steep for around 20 minutes. Remove the leaves, and sweeten if you need to.
Infusion: For the flowers – gather the flowers every day (there will be new buds each day) and place in olive oil. Place in a warm spot, but not to where the sunlight is hitting it directly. What I do is place it either in the sun under a cardboard box, or in my car under a blanket or cardboard box. Shake daily and allow to infuse for about 3-4 weeks. Strain though a cheesecloth or old T-shirt. This is what you use for ear infections. Works like a charm!
Preserve the leaves by allowing to dry. Just KEEP THEM OUT OF SUNLIGHT. I cannot emphasize this enough. It applies to all herbs, but mullein especially. It is very important because the sun creates oxidation, which eventually leeches out all the minerals and nutrients in the herb.
Blackberry Blackberry is well known for stopping gastric bleeding and is known to prevent fluid loss during dysentery. Regular consumption of the berries (can make a tincture) can aid in killing off the free radicals that are linked with the development or heart disease and cancer. Blackberry is an astringent, tonic, alterative, anti-emetic, hemostatic, anti-abortive, parturient (leaves). However, the leaves and roots are useful too.


Can Cats Eat Sugar? What You Need To Know
(Last Updated On: June 13, 2020)
As humans, most of us love sugar. We tend to put it in everything from cookies to breads, or minimally in coffee or tea.
It's easy for humans to eat sugar, but as you dig into something sweet or add a little sugar to your cooking, you might be wondering if your cat can enjoy sugar as much as you do.
At the very least, you might want to know if it's detrimental for their health, which is why we're here to answer the question of whether cats can eat sugar.
Can Cats Eat Sugar?
As a cat owner, you might already know that your cat cannot simply eat the same food that you eat.
They simply cannot metabolize food like we do, which is why certain human foods make cats very sick. Sugar, thankfully, is not one of those foods, meaning that yes, cats can eat sugar.
It would be best to avoid it whenever possible though for the sake of your cat's long-term health.
Sugar is not actually poisonous to cats, so if yours happens to have some sweet cereal or a bit of something like syrup or frosting, you don't have to worry about rushing off to your vet.
It isn't great for the long-term health of your cat though, since it is still a junk food. In the end, you should minimize sugars in your cat's diet wherever possible.
Tasting Sugar
Believe it or not, cats actually cannot taste sugar anyway. They won't taste the sweetness that we enjoy, meaning that there's no real reason for you to give your cat sugar anyway.
This doesn't mean that your cat won't eat something sweet though. There may be another ingredient in the food that they're attracted to that implores them to take a bite.
For instance, think of chocolate. We all know that chocolate is dangerous to cats, not necessarily because of the sugar, but because of other ingredients.
Cats still eat it though which is why it's important to always keep it out of reach.
Existing Health Conditions
Like humans, cats can deal with diseases like diabetes. This would make sugar very detrimental to their health if they happen to have it.
They may not be able to taste the sugar, but that doesn't mean it won't be harmful. Especially in this case, your cat cannot have sugar at all for the sake of their health.
If your cat does happen to have diabetes, remember to give them their insulin shot after they've eaten. This type of treatment will prevent your cat from experiencing worse health problems like a damaged liver.
Only Good Sugars
You shouldn't give your cat sweet sugar that we use for baking, but like humans, cats do need certain types of sugars to function.
They need sugars from high-end, high-protein cat food rather than the ordinary table one.
Can cats eat marshmallow?
These are the types they can metabolize and use for cellular energy, although there still shouldn't be large amounts of sugar in your cat's food.
This is why the total sugar content of your cat's food should be less than one percent. Ultimately, if there is glucose and fructose in urine, then that means that your cat has too much in their diet.
Long-Term Issues
Ordinary table sugar is completely lacking in nutrition, providing calories without giving your cat what they need for their health.
Since adult cats only need a few hundred calories a day, the empty calories from sugar add up quickly, potentially leading to obesity and other health issues.
Obesity inhibits the ability of your cat to lead a happy life, since they're unable to enjoy exercise like they used to. This reduces the quality of their life and may lead to other health issues as well.
An obese cat is more likely to have conditions like osteoarthritis, insulin resistance, type two diabetes, and some cancers.
It can lead to diabetes in particular, while obesity increases the chances of a heart attack or stroke. If your cat is already obese, they certainly shouldn't be having any in their diet.
Oral Health
There have been conflicting opinions on whether sugar has negative results on your cat's oral health, but like humans, it's likely that too much sugar is able to damage your cat's oral health.
Giving your cat sugar may increase their chances of cavities, gingivitis, and other types of oral infections.
If bacteria then enters into the bloodstream, it can travel throughout your cat's body to infect their liver, kidneys, and heart.
Especially if you do not brush your cat's teeth on a daily basis, as many of us do not, you should try to protect your cat's teeth in other ways.
This includes giving your cat as little sugar as possible to avoid future problems.
Talk to Your Vet
If you think that your cat has had too much sugar, or you are unsure about your cat's diet, it's always best to chat with your vet.
They will be able to go over your cat's diet with you to keep them healthy long-term.
The occasional amount of sugar will not kill your cat, as it is not toxic or poisonous.
If your cat happens to like it, it's okay to just give them a little bit here and there. But it's important not to give them too much.
Even though it isn't toxic or poisonous, too much of it can lead to health problems in the future. This includes oral health problems, obesity, and diabetes.
In order to keep your cat healthy, it's best to give them as little as possible. Since they can't even taste it, it's likely that they won't mind nearly as much as some of us would!
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Reduce data transfer time with Basic Redirected Folders
With the Basic Redirected Folders setup in Windows, admins can build OUs to reduce data upload and download wait time for employees.
Creating the Secure Managed Desktop
By Jeremy Moskowitz
Basic Redirected Folders works best in two situations:
 - Smaller environments -- such as a doctor's office or storefront -- where all employees sit under one roof
 - In an organization's OU structure that was designed such that similar people are not only in the same OU but are also in the same physical location
The reason these simple scenarios make a good fit with the basic option is that such situations let you redirect the users affected by the policy setting to a server that's close to them. That way, if they do roam within their location, the wait time is minimal to download and upload the data back and forth to the server and their workstation.
In the following example, I've created an OU called LikeUsers who are all using the same local server, DC01. Setting up a basic Redirected Folders for My Documents is a snap. It's a three-step process:
 1. Create a shared folder to store the data.
 2. Set the security on the shared folder.
 3. Create a new GPO and edit it to contain a policy setting to redirect the Documents/MyDocuments folder.
To create and share a folder to store redirected Documents/My Documents data, follow these steps:
 1. Log onto DC01 as Administrator.
 2. From the Desktop, double-click My Computer to open the My Computer folder.
 3. Find a place to create a users folder. In this example, we'll use D:DATA. Once you're inside the D: drive, right-click D: and select the Folder command from the New menu, then type in Data for the name.
 4. Right-click the newly created Data folder, and choose "Share…" which opens the Properties of the folder, focused on the Sharing tab. Pull down the drop-down menu and select Everyone, and then click Add. Note that Windows Server 2003 and 2008 will default such that the share is Everyone:Read. Click "Share" and ensure that the share is set so that Everyone has Coowner permissions, as seen in Figure 3.3. Keep the rest of the defaults, and click OK. (Note that Co-owner rights are almost the same as the "Full Control" rights of yore.)
Figure 3.3
Click to see larger image
You can substitute any name for Data. Some use DOCS, MYDOCS, or REDIRDOCS. Some administrators like to use hidden shares, such as Data$, MYDOCS$, or MYDOCUMENTS$. This works well, too.
Be sure that the NTFS permissions allow write access for the users you want, as well. In other words, both the Share level and NTFS permissions must allow the user to write.
This was first published in October 2008
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Each Monday this semester, we will post part of our new Crossing Kids Family Devotional: "The Image of the Invisible God." This devotional is designed to help families read through the book of John in 21 weeks and correlates with our elementary Sunday morning curriculum that also focuses on the same book of the Bible. You can also pick up a copy along with the sticker page at the Crossing Kids Welcome Center or download a printable version.
Each week, your family will read one chapter, discuss a few questions, and discover what the Bible has to say about who Jesus is. One unique feature of this Gospel is that John uses word pictures to help us understand the nature and character of Jesus. As you work through this devotional, you will have the opportunity to keep track of these images in the "Making it Stick" portion. Consider trying this before, during, or after a meal or right before bed on a designated night.


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One Hundred Twenty-Two Years of Essential Work
It required a considerable number of people to manage, maintain, and support the Bowen households. Information about the essential workers at Roseland Cottage when it was a residence is sparse. There are documents, like the U. S. Census beginning in 1850, that provide insight. A handful of photographs exist. Individuals or positions are mentioned occasionally in journal entries and letters. Most important for our understanding are the existing spaces and the objects at Roseland Cottage. Every room or space provides information about work accomplished or a service provided. Much like putting a jigsaw puzzle together, the pieces of information can be assembled to create a picture of the often overlooked hard work that contributed to the public success of the Bowen family.
The Written Record
Letters, Journals, and the Census
Surviving family letters, Clarence Bowen's records, and the United States Census provide additional information about the men and women employed in the Bowen household over the years. The 1850 census for Brooklyn, New York sheds light on a young household with four children and four women listed as servants. Three of the women are from Ireland, one from Scotland. Jane Stewart appears in the list, aged twenty-two, along with Elizabeth Stewart, aged thirteen. Their relationship is not stated. Jane is found in subsequent records, sometimes in New York, sometimes in Woodstock. In the 1900 census, Ellen Bowen is head of the household in Woodstock and Jane Stewart's occupation is seamstress.
Lucy Bowen's letters provide additional insight into the household. In a letter to a friend she writes that "I now have a professed Cook...She cooks beautifully, makes ice creams.. " In 1854, Lucy writes to staff member Jane Miller that "Lizzie we shall keep too, we need two up stairs now, as Clare requires some constancy with him."
Further information is found in Clarence Bowen's journals and scrapbooks. A newspaper clipping from 1889 states that "Mr. H. C. Bowen's employees have stored two hundred tons of ice in anticipation of a warm summer."
Image courtesy of the National Archives


text:
, 1035, as will be explained subsequently.
FIG. 1B shows an embodiment of a tunneling frame format built by frame builder 1012, 1032. A first frame control field is provided that conforms to the current state of the new 802.11n standard under development. The first frame control field may provide a protocol version field to specify the applicable standard. A type field specifies whether the frame is a management, control or data frame. In the present case, for transmission of HTC, the type is control. Also, there is a subtype field to specify the function of the frame. In the present case, the subtype is tunnel. The duration field that follows the first frame control field specifies the duration of this transmission. The address field specifies the address of the intended receiver or receivers for this transmission.
Following the address field is a second frame control field 1015, 1035. FIG. 1C shows a more detailed view of a second frame control field. The second frame control field comprises a byte count field that enables early detection of error in transmission. The following field is a subtype field which specifies the functionality of the frame. A subtype may be, for example, an ACK (acknowledgement), RTS, CTS, BA (block acknowledgement), or other subtype. Following the subtype field is an HTC enable field. When this field is enabled (logic level 1, for example), the HTC field will immediately follow. Subsequent to the second frame control field is a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) that comprises a 32 bit cyclic redundancy sequence used to determine if the frame is received correctly.
FIG. 1D shows an example of a frame for transmitting the HTC used for channel estimation by a receiver of the frame. A first frame control is of type control and of subtype tunnel. Following the first frame control is the duration and address fields. In this example, the byte count field of the second frame control is 20. The subtype is ACK and HTC enable is enabled. Following the second frame control is the HTC field, followed by the Frame Check Sequence (FCS). FIG. 1E depicts a frame for when the subtype of the second frame control is BA (Block Acknowledgement) and the HTC enable field is disabled. This demonstrates that the second frame control field may be used for multiple purposes already defined and yet to be defined in 802.11n. In this example, the BA field within the second frame control field provides agreement between the transmitter and receiver to transmit blocks of data frames. The BA control field provides an identity of this agreement. The address2 field contains the transmitter address. The SSN (Starting Sequence Number) field is the sequence number of the first data frame for which the BA is sent. The Bitmap field is a sequence of bits, one for each frame sent in the block. When set to 1, a bit of the bitmap field indicates that the corresponding data frame is received successfully. When set to 0, this indicates that the corresponding frame is lost.
Embodiments thus provide a method for frame tunneling with backward compatibility with legacy systems and with High Throughput Control for systems comprising digital beam forming. This tunneling approach can deliver Network Allocation Vectors (NAV) using transmission rates and waveforms already used by existing legacy systems, as well as delivering NAVs using rates and waveforms of high throughput networks such as those for 802.11n. One subtype is used to deliver different frames, thereby preserving the limited range of applicable subtypes. Thus, different frames can be submitted that include modified frames already defined in the current state of 802.11n, as well as new frames. Including a byte count field increases the level of reliability of the frame at early stages of decoding. Embodiments further allow one to submit frames with one address field with low overhead because the second frame control field follows the address field.
Note that the methodology of frame tunneling described herein applies not only to frames that are of type "control" but of type "data" and "management" as well as other types that may be defined by an applicable standard. Note also that apart from announcing a sounding frame and a type of channel estimation feedback, the HTC field may comprise other information instead or as well. For example, the HTC field may comprise a field that requests from a receiving station a modulation and code scheme. The HTC field may comprise a field that requests from a receiving station antenna selection information to select certain elements of the antenna array of the transmitting station for transmission to the receiving station. The HTC field may comprise a reverse direction field that allows the transmitter to temporarily delegate its transmitter rights to a receiving station for better utilization of link capacity. Also note that the second frame control field may comprise, in addition to or instead of, the byte count field, a transmission rate field specifying a data transmission rate for early error detection by the receiving station.
Accordingly, present embodiments provide a communication device, comprising a frame builder to provide a medium access frame comprising a frame control field and a high throughput control (HTC) field. The HTC field announces a subsequent transmission of a sounding frame and the type of feedback expected from a receiver of the sounding frame. The frame builder may be implemented in hardware by an application specific integrated circuit, or may be implemented in firmware. Embodiments further provide a transceiver with a digital beam former and an array of antennas to transmit the frame and a sounding frame through a spatial channel to a receiving communication device.
FIG. 2 shows a more detailed view of a general flow of example signal processing in a transceiver 200. Transceiver 200 comprises a receiver 204 and a transmitter 206. Transmitter 206 may comprise one or more of an encoder 208, a modulator 210, an OFDM 212, and a DBF 214. Receiver 204 may comprise one or more of a DBF 220, an OFDM 222, a demodulator 224 and a decoder 226. Each of these components of transceiver 200 and their functions will now be described.
Encoder 208 of transmitter 206 receives data destined for transmission from a processor core 202. Processor core 202 may present data to transceiver 200 in blocks such as bytes of data. In particular, processor core 202 comprises a frame builder to construct and send to the transceiver medium access frames. Encoder 208 encodes the data using any one of a number of algorithms now known or to be developed. Encoding may be done to achieve one or more of a plurality of different purposes. For example, coding may be performed to decrease the average number of bits that must be sent to transfer each symbol of information to be transmitted. Coding may be performed to decrease a probability of error in symbol detection at the receiver. Thus, an encoder may introduce redundancy to the data stream. Adding redundancy increases the channel bandwidth required to transmit the information, but results in less error, and enables the signal to be transmitted at lower power. Encoding may also comprise encryption for security.
One type of encoding is block encoding. In block encoding, the encoder encodes a block of k information bits into corresponding blocks of n code bits, where n is greater than k. Each block of n bits from the encoder constitutes a code word in a set of N=2k possible code words. An example of a block encoder that can be implemented is a Reed-Solomon encoder, known by those skilled in the art of encoding. Another type of encoding is linear convolutional encoding. The convolutional encoder may be viewed as a linear finite-state shift register with an output sequence comprising a set of linear combinations of the input sequence. The number of output bits from the shift register for each input bit is a measure of the redundancy in the code. Thus, different embodiments may implement different encoding algorithms.
Modulator 210 of transmitter 206 receives data from encoder 208. A purpose of modulator 210 is to transform each block of binary data received from encoder 208 into a unique continuous-time waveform that can be transmitted by an antenna upon up-conversion and amplification. Modulator 210 impresses the received data blocks onto a sinusoid of a selected frequency. More specifically, modulator 210 maps the data blocks into a corresponding set of discrete amplitudes of the sinusoid, or a set of discrete phases of the sinusoid, or a set of discrete frequency shifts relative to the frequency of the sinusoid. The output of modulator 210 is a band pass signal.
In one embodiment, modulator 210 maps a sequence of binary digits into a set of discrete amplitudes of a carrier frequency. This is called Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is attained by impressing two separate k-bit symbols from the information sequence onto two quadrature frequencies, cos(2πθt) and sin(2πƒt).
In another embodiment, modulator 210 maps the blocks of data received from encoder 208 into a set of discrete phases of the carrier to produce a Phase-Shift Keyed (PSK) signal. An N-phase PSK signal is generated by mapping blocks of k=log2 N binary digits of an input sequence into one of N corresponding phases θ=2π(n−1)/n for n a positive integer less than or equal to N. A resulting equivalent low pass signal may be represented as
where g(t−nT) is a basic pulse whose shape may be optimized to increase the probability of accurate detection at a receiver by, for example, reducing inter-symbol interference. Inter-symbol interference results when the channel distorts the pulses. When this occurs adjacent pulses are smeared to the point that individual pulses are difficult to distinguish. A pulse shape may therefore be selected to reduce the probability of symbol


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E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
An epic in Latin hexameters by Lucan. The battle of Pharsalia was between Pompey and Cæsar. Pompey had 45,000 legionaries, 7,000 cavalry, and a large number of auxiliaries; Cæsar had 22,000 legionaries and 1,000 cavalry. Pompeys battle-cry was Hercules invictus; that of Cæsar was Venus victrix. On this occasion Cæsar won the battle.


Practise managing workplace challenges
Practise managing workplace challenges
From the creative to education sector, there are a variety of industries that are fast-paced, rewarding and exciting. These workplace practice activities will help you gain insight into the kind of skills the roles of a graphic designer or primary school teacher may require through a virtual work experience project.
The Practise managing workplace challenges workbook contains practice tasks similar to ones you would be likely to complete on a work experience placement, so you can get a feel for the kind of tasks you might be set in these roles. Each brief takes between 1-3 hours to complete and you can use the interactive fields to type out your ideas including the research you need, and then consider how you will present it to persuade others to take your idea forward.
How will these activities prepare you for the future workplace?
Practising answering briefs can help you develop core transferable skills that are essential in the workplace. In the downloadable workbook you'll choose from a couple of projects across different industries that highlight transferable skills, and we will be adding projects from more industries soon. This enables you to practise the skills you already have, and work on the ones you want to develop, by working through each task in as much detail as possible.
Choose from the below work experience briefs:
The Practise meeting challenges Guidance tips document contains examples of how each element of the workbook could be completed to meet the briefs and can be downloaded if you need some inspiration or are stuck for ideas. Remember though, these are just some of the ways they can be done so try and think creatively to come up with your own ideas.
You can also hear from young people in different job roles, including a teacher and graphic designer, to find out how they got into their role, their day-to-day tasks and some of the challenges and opportunities they encounter by watching the BBC Bitesize career films here.
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Take the following definition: "A parabolic subgroup of a linear algebraic group defined over $\mathbb{C}$ is a subgroup, closed in the Zariski topology, for which the quotient space is a projective algebraic variety."
My questions are:
(i) Why include closed in the definition?
(ii) What is an example of a projective algebraic variety that is the quotient of a linear algebraic group by a non-Zariski-closed subgroup?
(iii) What is an example of a quotient by a parabolic subgroup that is not a flag manifold?
(iv) Elliptic curves cannot be described as quotients of linear algebraic groups. What are other examples of families of varieties that cannot be expressed in this form?
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Apart from the topological motivation that for Hausdorff topological gp $G$ and subgp $H$ the quotient $G/H$ is Hausdorff precisely when $H$ is closed in $G$, perhaps (i) may sound better in view of the following fact: if $f:H \rightarrow G$ is a homomorphism between finite type group schemes over a field $k$ and $\ker f = 1$ in the scheme-theoretic sense (i.e., $f$ is injective on $R$-valued points for all $k$-algebras $R$, or $f$ is a functorial monomorphism) then $f$ is necessarily a closed immersion. Thus, (ii) is essentially meaningless in any reasonable algebro-geometric sense. – BCnrd May 30 '10 at 23:33
4 Answers 4
up vote 7 down vote accepted
If $G={\mathbb C}$ is the additive group and $L\subset G$ is a lattice, then $L$ is not Zariski closed, $G/L$ exists (in a sense of analytic geometry) and is projective. But of course $L$ is not a parabolic subgroup of $G$.
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Great illustration of importance of paying attention to terminology (here: meaning of "quotient")! – Victor Protsak May 31 '10 at 4:24
i)-ii) If the subgroup isn't closed, there's no reason in general for the quotient space to even be an algebraic variety. So for the definition to even make sense, there has to be some guarantee that $G/P$ is a variety. A standard result says that if $H \subset G$ is a closed subgroup of a linear algebraic group, then the quotient $G/H$ is a quasi-projective variety. You can find these results, for example, in Borel's text on linear algebraic groups. I don't know of an example of a non-closed subgroups whose quotient both exists and is not complete.
(iii) Pretty much by definition, $G/P$ is what's known as a partial flag variety. For the classical groups, you can directly verify that you get flag-like objects in this way, and for more general groups this is taken as the definition. However, if by flag variety you mean the full flag variety, then just pick any parabolic subgroup which is not a Borel subgroup. The simplest example occurs for $G = GL_3$ where you have parabolic subgroups corresponding the variety of lines in $\mathbb{C}^3$ (i.e., $\mathbb{P}^2$) and its dual, the variety of planes in $\mathbb{C}^3.$
(iv) I'm not sure exactly what you're asking for here. Just examples of varieties that aren't quotients of linear algebraic groups?
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(iii) So all quotients of complex linear algebraic groups by subgroups containing the Borel subgroup are of the form $U(n)/U(k_1) \times \cdots \times U(k_m)$? When the quotient is by the Borel subgroup, is this reflected in some simplification of $U(k_1) \times \cdots \times U(k_m)$? (iv) Hopefully this is not too bad practice, but I'm going to generalise my last question and ask: What are examples (besides elliptic curves) of complex projective varieties that aren't quotients of comapct semi-simple complex Lie groups by compact subgroups? – Jean Delinez Feb 8 '10 at 18:21
All quotients of parabolics are of the form you list in the case of $G = U(n),$ but in general there is no "flag-like" description of partial flag-varieties for general $G.$ For the classical groups, however, there are flag-like descriptions, and it's fun finding the Borels and parabolics that they correspond to. As to your last question, there should be lots of examples. You mention elliptic curves, and higher genus curves should also fall into this category. Also, as far as I know, the Schubert subvarieties of flag varieties aren't a quotient of linear algebraic groups. – Mike Skirvin Feb 8 '10 at 21:47
I'm not sure if I understand. $G/P$ isn't a group, so I don't know what is meant by its Lie algebra. Perhaps I misunderstood the question? – Mike Skirvin Feb 8 '10 at 22:15
Let me try again: For a general semi-simple compact Lie group $G$ with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, and a parabolic subgroup $P$ with corresponding Lie subalgebra $\mathfrak{p}$, is there a nice description of the algebra of continuous functions of $G$ in terms of $\mathfrak{g}$ or $\mathbb{p}$, or both? – Jean Delinez Feb 9 '10 at 3:38
Mike Skirvin has sorted out some of the main issues here, but the language used in the original question tends to confuse matters. The framework is the Borel-Chevalley structure theory of linear algebraic groups over an arbitrary algebraically closed field. Nothing special here about $\mathbb{C}$. Starting with $G$ (which can be assumed connected), define a parabolic subgroup to be a closed subgroup $H$ for which the quotient variety $G/H$ is projective. By analogy with some classical examples, this variety is usually referred to as a "partial flag variety". Note that the construction of a quotient variety in this setting involves a morphism $G \rightarrow G/H$ whose fibers are $H$ and its other left cosets. Thus $H$ must be closed in order for $G/H$ to make sense as a variety. The language of manifolds doesn't come in unless this picture is compared with the Lie group picture for $\mathbb{C}$, where fortunately everything translates well for reductive groups.
In the structure theory, it is shown that $H$ is parabolic precisely when it contains some Borel subgroup, then that $H$ is connected and self-normalizing, etc. All of this is most interesting when $G$ is reductive (and has a nontrivial semisimple derived group).
share|improve this answer
(iv) Theorem (Borel-Hirzebruch 1958, maybe?) A projective variety in characteristic zero with a transitive action of a connected linear algebraic group is smooth and Fano, i.e., its anticanonical bundle is ample.
This means "most" varieties don't arise as quotients by parabolic subgroups. In particular, curves of positive genus, and smooth hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^n$ of degree at least $n+1$ make good examples.
share|improve this answer
I guess this theorem comes from the two-part paper by Borel and Hirzebruch on homogeneous spaces and characteristic classes published in 1958-59? In any case, smooth projective varieties (or compact complex manifolds) of the form $G/P$ are scarce thanks to the Borel-Chevalley structure theory and the associated root system data. Even for smooth Schubert varieties, I'd expect few other than flag varieties to be of this form but can't quantify this. – Jim Humphreys May 30 '10 at 22:07
That sounds like a correct reference, although I have never read the paper itself. I'm inclined to agree that the class of Fano varieties is itself far larger than the class of varieties of the form G/P, but I don't know any more adjectives (except "homogeneous" which is cheating) that narrow things down correctly. – S. Carnahan May 31 '10 at 0:20
Two important properties that $G/P$ homogeneous spaces have are (1) they are defined over $\mathbb{Z}$ and (2) they have good reduction everywhere (possibly, with modulo assumptions on the center of $G$). Already for del Pezzo surfaces obtained by blowing up a few points on $\mathbb{P}^2$, (2) fails. – Victor Protsak May 31 '10 at 4:22
Victor, nice observation! The coset space $G/P$ always descends to a smooth proper scheme over the entirety of $\mathbf{Z}$, no hypotheses


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From dinosaurs to Darwin
The Natural History Museum exhibits one of the most important and astonishing natural collections in the world - just wait until you come face to face (or face to foot) with the giant reconstructed skeleton of a brontosaurus as you enter the building!
Don't miss the latest addition to museum – the state-of-the-art Darwin Centre, a high-tech science and collections facility. The displays here are interactive and animated using the entire surface of the spectacular building. Specimens collected by Charles Darwin on his original Beagle voyage - where he first developed the theory of evolution - are among the zoological treasures on display.
In the Darwin Centre Tank Room you can see the giant squid, Architeuthis dux, nicknamed 'Archie'. The squid is 8.62 metres long and was caught off the coast of the Falklands Islands in 2004. The giant squid is the second largest living invertebrate, and has eyes the size of footballs, a powerful beak, thick tentacles and dangerous-looking teeth-filled suckers.
Check the Natural History Museum website for details of temporary exhibitions, lectures, special night openings and behind-the-scenes tours.


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How To Empower Your Family with DNA Testing
By Promotions 19 June 2017
Safe, Secure, Accurate, Actionable DNA Testing
Advanced Genomic Solutions (AGS) empowers its clients with its unique genetic information to make healthier lifestyle choices.
Have you ever wondered why you're unable to effectively lose weight, despite practicing a strict diet and exercising regularly? Ever wonder why you constantly crave certain foods? Or why you don't respond well to your training regimen? Little do most of us know that all of these answers are hidden in our genes. DNA is the genetic material that determines your traits and influences how your body functions. This information can help you understand crucial aspects of yourself such as how your body responds to exercise and how it metabolises sugars and fats. At AGS, the personalised health and wellness genetic test is used to help you understand your unique genetic makeup in order to make healthier lifestyle choices. This information will then form the foundation to create optimal diet plans, exercise routines, and lifestyle structures.
So How Does it Work?
It all starts with a quick and painless cheek swab. This sample of your DNA will be tested and processed in AGS's very own laboratory in Hong Kong, which utilises U.S.-based technology. Within 7 to 10 days, your results will be delivered and your complimentary consultation will be scheduled, where you will learn everything you need to know about your unique genetic makeup!
Is Genetic Testing the Right Thing for You?
Many people see the AGS health and wellness genetic test as an asset for athletes or individuals who exercise regularly or want to lose weight. However, this test is actually beneficial and useful to absolutely everyone. It is a test that will provide you with a lifetime of knowledge and understanding of your own body. This can be clearly demonstrated through the example of the everyday lifestyle of a regular family. Let's start with dad - A father, over-worked and running on a lack of sleep, still tries to build muscle to stay in good physical shape. Going to the gym at least two times per week is already a hassle, but in addition to that, not seeing any obvious progress after weeks of exercise brings his motivation down to new lows. After seeing an advertisement for the AGS health and wellness genetic test, he decides to take the test as it would present the reasons as to why his exercise regimen hasn't been very effective. The test displays that he has more slow-twitching muscles and better cardiac response, which means he should be more focused on endurance rather than power training. With this new knowledge, he is now able to train more efficiently, allowing himself to live a healthier lifestyle. What about mum? A mother, struggling between handling the lives of her children and keeping her busy schedule on track, decides to go on the trendy low carb diet to see if she could lose some weight. Most of her friends have gone on this diet and have seen incredible results, so why not give it a try? One month into the diet she notices almost no physical changes, despite being obedient and taking the diet very seriously. Besides that, she is also experiencing increased cravings for carb based foods. A friend of hers recommends the AGS health and wellness genetic test to understand why the low carb diet isn't showing any progress for her body, but is for the rest of her friends. The test showed that her body is actually not sensitive to carbs, but monounsaturated fats (MUFA). Having too much of the MUFAs like olive oil and avocado, which she thought it was good for her health, could easily increase her weight. Since everyone has a unique genetic makeup, it is important to understand the foods that function best in your body and create a personalised diet to maximise the potential of reaching your goals. Last but not least, the little ones - A child, only eight years old has a difficult time concentrating in school, complaining that he is chronically sleepy. His parents are concerned, wondering what his diagnosis may be. Their first step was giving him a well-rounded number of vitamins and mineral supplements, but mum is starting to be exhausted with the number and types of supplements tried and doesn't want to overfeed her child with these ''nutrition tablets''. After minimal improvement, they were advised to go forth with the health and wellness genetic test to see if there is any issue foreseen in his genes. The test results proved that extra iron and a special form of folate, the methylfolate, were highly necessary for the child, as the lack of them show clear side effects such as fatigue. This child will now understand that for the rest of his life, iron and folate in the form of methylfolate are the main vitamins-of-focus for his best function in daily life. Instead of overusing various different types of supplements in desperation to find a cure, AGS can help you immediately identify the issue and provide you with a comprehensive explanation on how to solve the problem.
Understand Your DNA
And there you have it! If you were having doubts about whether genetic testing would be of any use to you or not, you shouldn't be now. Understanding one's own genetic make-up can be of use to anybody anywhere. There are countless reasons why you should take a deeper look into your DNA and countless benefits you can gain from being more knowledgeable about your body. And in honour of all the ways AGS can help everyone in your family, they have launched a family package, saving you and your loved ones up to $1,000 upon booking for three or more family members. Find out more here or go ahead and make a booking by calling +852 26182591!
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I've been trying to figure this thing out for weeks now, but with no luck.So, I am creating this program in WindowsForms and Xna, that allows users to create a 3D room. By draging and customizing diffrent.fbx models, they can "build" a room or whatever and then look at it in 3D.Everything worked nicely so far, untill I got to a point that involves scaling a model. A model is usually made up of multiple meshes, and each mesh has a class that contains information about that mesh such as, position,rotation,name,mesh,scaleFactor... This class also contains a list called ScalableAxes which contains strings of the axes name, in which this mesh can be scalled.
I have also included a parent-child relationship, when a user imports a.fbx model, there is also a custom.pdn file which contains information about parenting. Usually every mesh in the.fbx model becomes a child of a "empty mesh"(just a class, with no mesh or bone assigned to it).
Now lets say this "empty mesh" name is Body and it contains few meshes(childs) such as left side, right side, top side, bottom side, top door, bottom door. Lets say I scale Body on Y axis by a factor of 2. Since Body has no Mesh in his class assigned, it would skip this and loop thru his children. If a children has a mesh, then it would look to ScalableAxes list and if it contains Y(in this case) it would go on to scaling part.
The problem start here. Lets say I come to Left side, left side can be scaled on Y axis, but neither top nor bottom side CANT be scalled on Y axis. So scaling it this way would lead to gaps between left side and top and bottom side*. Also there can be whole variaty of diffrent models, and meshes. For example: one has only one door, other has sides between top and bottom, and so on...
EDIT: For example: left side is 964 on Y axis, top and bottom side are each 18 on Y axis, so combined is 1000 on Y axis. I scale whole Body by 2 on Y axis(meaning new size on Y should be 1000*2 = 2000). If I were to use scaling by 2 on Y axis on all meshes(that can be scaled on Y axis), then left side would be 1928, top and bottom would stay the same so, 18 each on Y axis. This would lead to 1928+18+18, 1964 size on Y axis instead of 2000.
EDIT2: This program is all about arranging/making furniture in 3D. So lets say you got this night stand in your project made with this program. And you find the size of it to small, and you want to scale it verticaly. When you would scale it the "thickness" of all of the elements(meshes that made up this model) should stay the same since you want to make it bigger not "thicker". Only the length and width should change. So the left and right side would get scalled vertically, but top and bottom side wouldn't since that vertical direction is their "thickness". And if you would want to scale the model horizontally(make it wider), the top and bottom sides would get scalled, but left and right would stay the same since that direction is their "thickness"(they would only have to get moved to the right positions).
Thats why in my previous picture I said that top and bottom side cant be scalled on Y axis, since that was their "thickness".
EDIT 3: bummzack, your method works great and all, but what if I have a furniture that has, 3 or more doors. How would I be able to scale all of the doors equally?
Any help is greately appreciated!


Turtle nests: a total of 320 hatchlings this season
Miguela Xuereb
Seven turtle nests around Malta and Gozo have yielded a total of 320 hatchlings during this nesting season, the Environment and Resources Authority said on Friday, noting that this was the most successful turtle nesting season in local recorded history.
On Friday, officials dug up the last known turtle nest at Għadira Bay following a successful incubation period.
This nest yielded a further 10 hatchlings thus bringing the nest's total to 71 hatchlings and bringing this year's turtle nesting season to a successful close.
Out of the seven nests, three went unreported up until the time of hatching.
ERA explained the reasons behind the unsuccessful nests found at St Thomas Bay, Marsaskala and the first reported nest at Għadira Bay.
The low success rate in the case of St Thomas Bay was due to the nest being located in a central part of the beach and thus being exposed to heavy foot traffic.
ERA remarked that this situation showed clearly what can occur if a turtle nest is not properly protected through legal and physical on-site measures such as cordoning. In this instance protection was not given to the nest as it was not reported, hence proper measures could not have been put in place.
In the case of the first reported nest at Għadira Bay, the low success rate can be attributed to the heavy rainfall which was experienced towards the end of the incubation period. ERA noted that the location of the nest was susceptible to flooding due to its elevation and its proximity to the path through which rainwater is discharged to the sea.
The environmental watchdog said that while mitigation measures were implemented through the use of sandbags and gullies, the nest ultimately yielded a total of 17 hatchlings.
ERA thanked Nature Trust Malta, the Environment Ministry, and all the volunteers who contributed their time.


text: Now that your team of explorers feels comfortable with cities and maps, and knows the rules of safe travel, let them tour the country... without you. In the meantime, grab some iced tea, put your feet up, and enjoy their trip as they send you postcards from every state. This is what young Emily does in Wish You Were Here: Emily's Guide to the 50 States. Kathleen Krull's witty text and illustrations by award-winning Amy Schwartz celebrate the fascinating idiosyncrasies of each state in our nation. Schwartz's illustrations accurately accent Emily's observations. In a tone that a teen would respect and a little one could understand, Emily and her grandmother wind their way around the country and entice readers with their findings: "Pennsylvania is the world's mushroom capital, the place where crayons come from, and the state where I learned why the Fourth of July is so important." Emily's frequent allusions to relevant literature and a thorough index of resources offer curious readers a way to pursue their interests as well as valuable information for reports in school. Reviewed by Anna Claire Straughan.


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article and give my opinion on possible impact of software technology in smuggling of message in the society today. Moreover, I will research for two other articles that relates to the same technology and provide supplementary information that the article highlights for the same technology. Mazurczyk et al. introduces the article using one of the crimes committed by Russian spies in the United States using computer's software. However, United States people assumed the Russians to be ordinary US residents but turned out to be spies of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. Mazurczyk indicated that the spies' mission was to gather information about the United States policies and programs (2013). Thus, for many years, the spies prevented discovery by hiding secret communication on apparently acquitted pictures posted on public websites. Thus, the spies encoded and decoded the information gathered using personalized software. However, the United States Department of Justice detected the spies' schemes, helping the United States build a case against Russian spies. Thus, in June 2010, the federal government in United States arrested ten suspected spies who owned up to the act of smuggling information....
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Electrical engineers are continuously putting their efforts to improve communication between people by designing easy to use communication technologies, such as, cell phones and notebooks. Electrical engineering not only facilitates long distance communication but also serves the world in many other areas related to technology. Therefore, we can say that electrical engineering is one of the major…
4 pages (1004 words)
the Engineering Disciplines
4 pages (1004 words)
nanotechnologyemergence on electrical engineering
3 pages (753 words)
electrical engineering
This was not difficult as I was in love with and excelled in mathematics and physics; I was not very strong in the arts so I opted to major mostly in technical fields. After I graduated from high school, I secured a place in college where I was advised that if I hope to become an electrical engineer, I should minor in chemistry or a management subject. I am hoping to graduate in with a GPA high…
3 pages (753 words)
Advanced Computer Engineering
The information prompts execution of certain functions as defined by the code developers. The source code enables programmers to understand the functioning of various applications through the written text. These codes are commonly utilised in differentiating various computer applications, performing similar functions. These applications are differentiated through the various commands required to…
4 pages (1004 words)
Engineering disciplines offered at the University of New Brunswick
These include chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, Software Engineering, Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Geological Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Forest Engineering (University of New Brunswick, 2013). …
2 pages (502 words)


text:
Danger On The Web
Study finds use of social networking sites increases risky behavior in teens.
Could social network websites lead to drinking and drug use among teens?
A new study suggests it's possible.
70-percent of teens say they venture onto social networking sites every day, and what they see isn't always innocent.
"More than half of them see pictures of kids drunk passed out, and using drugs," says Joseph Califano of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse.
Experts say repeatedly viewing those images takes the shock value out of what really should be shocking to kids.
"You look to your peer group really as a way to figure out what's normal, what's abnormal, and the more that you see these images, it just becomes more so what's normal in other kids your age," explains Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital's Dr. Harsh Trivedi.
That may be the reason behind one finding of a new study from the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University.
It shows kids who visit social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter every day are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol and use drugs than kids whose friendships are exclusively off-line.
Child psychiatrists who weren't involved with the study aren't surprised.
"It's a study that makes a lot of sense. It is clinically what I see in my office all the time," says Dr. Trivedi.
Study authors also found viewing sexually suggestive TV shows increased those drug and alcohol risks, along with parents who don't warn their children about the dangers of drug use.
Experts say parents must take the lead in policing kids' online habits.
The study found half of those teens who saw photos of kids drunk or using drugs on social websites first saw them before age 13.


text:
Attempts to relay mail by issuing a predefined combination of SMTP commands. The goal of this script is to tell if a SMTP server is vulnerable to mail relaying.
An SMTP server that works as an open relay, is a email server that does not verify if the user is authorised to send email from the specified email address. Therefore, users would be able to send email originating from any third-party email address that they want.
The checks are done based in combinations of MAIL FROM and RCPT TO commands. The list is hardcoded in the source file. The script will output all the working combinations that the server allows if nmap is in verbose mode otherwise the script will print the number of successful tests. The script will not output if the server requires authentication.
If debug is enabled and an error occurrs while testing the target host, the error will be printed with the list of any combinations that were found prior to the error.
Use this to change the IP address to be used (default is the target IP address)
Define the destination email address to be used (without the domain, default is relaytest)
or smtp-open-relay.domain Define the domain to be used in the anti-spam tests and EHLO command (default is nmap.scanme.org)
Define the source email address to be used (without the domain, default is antispam)
smbdomain, smbhash, smbnoguest, smbpassword, smbtype, smbusernameSee the documentation for the smbauth library.
nmap --script smtp-open-relay.nse [--script-args smtp-open-relay.domain=,smtp-open-relay.ip=,...] -p 25,465,587
Host script results: | smtp-open-relay: Server is an open relay (1/16 tests) |_MAIL FROM: -> RCPT TO:
Author: Arturo 'Buanzo' Busleiman
License: Same as Nmap--See _URL_


Skip to main content
How to run downhill (safely...and fast)
running downhill
Running downhill should feel relaxed and flowing (Image credit: Getty Images)
We have all seen the top runners seemingly plummet effortlessly from the top of a mountain or hill to the base in no time at all. But how do they achieve such speed and look so relaxed?
When most people try to run downhill it feel slows, laborious, painful, and fraught with danger of tripping or slipping. But if you take part in races with hills and mountains, or you simply want to become more efficient when out for a long off-road run, learning to run fast downhill will be a big benefit.
The easier you can run downhill, the less taxing you will find the overall outing. Here are our expert tips to help you to be able to run more efficiently and smoothly downhill.
How to run faster downhill
Running downhill is good for you
It might feel like downhill running is painful and bad for your knees (see: Trail running injuries), but if you do it properly it can have benefits. Running down a slope should activate and engage stabilising muscles in and around the knee, which in turn will help to strengthen them. Stronger knees means more powerful running.
As well as physical advantages, there is a huge sense of freedom and joy that comes with being able to run more easily downhill and at speed.
Lean forwards
Your natural instinct when running downhill is to lean back because you usually feel the need to slow down and put on a bit of a brake. However, leaning forwards is the best method for more efficient running downhill and it means you will not overly tire muscles.
Try to think hard about relaxing and learning forwards as you go. A good tip is to aim to align your shoulders in front of you with your knees and you run downhill.
Stride out
It can be tempting to shorten your stride when running downhill but longer strides are what the top athletes do. You will cover more ground more quickly and it's easier to lean forward when taking longer steps.
Legs should be bent and you should try to push yourself forwards, leading with your chest, with each step, rather than letting gravity alone pull you down the hill.
More technical and steeper slopes will require a shorter, more accurate step to avoid injury so keep the long strides for the gentler gradients. Also watch how the experts take side steps, too, to maintain momentum and balance.
Land on your midfoot
The best runners head downhill with almost flat feet. It's not a good idea to hit the ground with your forefoot or your heel. Hitting the middle of the fort gives the greatest balance and bounce and the best control.
run downhill
Runners benefit fom learning how to run downhill faster and more efficiently (Image credit: Getty Images )
More tips for running downhill on trails
Use your arms
To maintain balance and to aid the forward motion, use your arms like mini windmills by your side. The aim is to do small, rounded movements with your hands and arms.
Look ahead
It is tempting to look at your feet the whole time, but you should be looking ahead and at least 10 metres/30 feet in front of you. If you do this your brain will be able to more easily assess what is coming on the trail or the hillside.
If you look down close to your feet you will be more likely to slough and this is not good for downhill speed. Look up and ahead.
Empty your mind
It's fear and anxiety that will slow you down on descents. Trust your body's capabilities and your instincts and simply let your worries go.
The right footwear
Running downhlll, especially on tracks, trails and hill paths requires the right trail running footwear. For more on this, check out our best mud running shoes and best trail running shoes, and our guide on how to choose trail running shoes
With practice, the fine art of running downhill at speed should come to you.
Fiona Russell


The question is about the interaction of magma and water, and ensuing changes in topography. The DF wiki says that when magma is mixed with water you end up with steam and some obsidian from the interaction; it also states that volcanoes will always refill themselves.
enter image description here
What you have here is a volcano at ground level and I didn't pay attention when digging the moat around the fortress entrance, so there was a cave-in and I decided to channel the river to the volcano instead, dedicating the fortress to geological "science". Since the dwarves deconstructed the trade depot twice when the elves came (next time I'm building an ashery next to the depot, blocks of coal and oak wood goblets), the wealth must have triggered a megabeast attack so our tribute was in blood. The idea to build an ever-lasting sauna platform atop the volcano came to mind, but safety first, so we dug a channel to bring the joy of magma to the caves below.
To summarize, you have the river going into the volcano and the volcano emptying itself some 15 layers below into the caves. The water is on top of slowly receding magma. My issue is whether a floor will entirely form itself out. As you can see top left or center only a few tiles seem to connect to the underlying magma at this point and this is barely 3-4 levels below the surface.
I'm trying to gain insight and analyze possible outcomes.
 - Should I increase the magma flow in the caves to prevent such a floor from forming or is it unavoidable?
 - How many tiles of magma flow are required to "fend off" (stop floors from forming) a 3-tile(x2) water flow on top of it?
 - Is it possible to control the process to steer how the topography gets shaped?
 - Generally, had I not channeled the volcano into the caves, would a floor have formed immediately on the surface where the water meets the magma, or do you end up with unlimited steam; can you have a water flow that is little enough to not generate floors (only steam)?
 - 2
 Add more magma and water and enjoy the!science! – Studoku Sep 25 '15 at 8:58
 - 1
 Well, it's worst than I had expected, many dwarves are turning into were-weasels; worst, I dug a room many levels below all the setup described above, hoping to magma forge bolts and statues from all the hematite laying all over. So I channel a line like I usually do... the line overflows into the room. I lost a steel anvil because I couldn't dump it in time. This happened twice. The flow is altered; is it because of the water on top or simply because of the flow of magma to the caves... the magma forge was below all that... enter the magma safe pump and all... but the dwarves can do anything. – user76919 Sep 25 '15 at 13:21
You raise multiple questions, but it all does boil down to how does magma react with water.
1.There will always be a surface of obsidian forming where water and magma meet. In your case that means that a surface of obsidian is unavoidable. From what I can see, this may have already happened. (I do not see an indication that the water can currently reach the magma anymore)
2.In order to for magma to 'fend off' the water, the water essentially needs to evaporate before reaching the open magma. When that happens depends upon the height of the water in your channels, and the temperature. At higher temperatures, water can evaporate at greater heights (not just 1/7). Temperature here will initially be based of the climate (Temperate, Warm, etc) and Season (summer/dry). However, once some obsidian has formed, additional water must flow over it to reach magma. The temperature of the obsidian is raised by the magma, which in turn allows water to evaporate more readily.
3.The position of the magma as it gets hit by water creates the topography. Normally this creates a relatively level surface of obsidian, because the magma should be fairly level in a magma pool. Diverting magma (channels, cave-ins) and choosing where it touches water (controlled flooding) will be the only way to steer the process.
4.Mostly answered with point 1, diverting water into a volcano will always cause an obsidian'surface', but according to the wiki only steam (no surface) forms when rain hits magma, but as rain does not cause 1/7 water on open ground, it may be less water than can normally be moved.
As a *fun* note, your volcano will continuously attempt to fill (with magma) up to its original height, which will flood your caverns up to the height of the volcano if it can't flow off the edge of the map.
 - Thank you! An insightful and clear answer ; indeed the water doesn't seem to be reaching the magma anymore and your note explains what I said in the comments i.e. overflow! So we're not out of harm's way... – user76919 Sep 25 '15 at 20:32
Your Answer


text:
The results are presented concerning the experimental studies of noise and vibration spectra during abrasive treatment of welded joints of the body and rod structures. Welding is related to one of the most popular technologies for joining metal structures. One of the mandatory steps after welding operations is the weld dressing. Mechanical grinding of the weld after welding due to its accessibility is very popular. The studies were carried out both at manual abrasive treatment of the welds, and on the flat-grinding machines in the open space, and in the conditions of industrial premises. In the course of experimental studies, dangerous and harmful production factors arising during welded structures processing were established. The spectral composition of the acoustic characteristics was identified. Based on the results of measurements, the empirical dependence was obtained related to the vibration reduction depending on the distance to the source on the rod elements and body structures. The obtained data are confirmed by the correctness of theoretical conclusions on the regularities of the formation of noise and vibration spectra, as well as the contribution of noise sources to the sound field at the operator workplace. The results of the research allow to confirm the appropriateness of the theoretical approach to the description of the regularities of the noise and vibration process.
The established regularities in the formation of noise spectra, as well as the fact that the difference in the calculated and experimental sound pressure levels actually correspond to the measurement errors, allow to perform acoustic noise protection systems at the design stage of similar technological processes in accordance with the sanitary noise norms at the operator workplaces.


Home Forums Myth Becomes History Myth Becomes History Reply To: Myth Becomes History
Tamara Toy
While both Sir Arthur Evans and Heinrich Schliemann did a lot of damage as amateur archaeologists, I feel that Schliemann's actions were worse than Evans. Given the idea that he altered the Mask of Agamemnon is devastating as to think about, as we now have no idea what the mask looked like before he 'restored' the mask. Even though we now know that this mask predates Agamemnon bu around 300 years, the name still sticks to this piece. The seems to be other events of similar issues, although not as altering as the mask, at least as far as we know, all in the name of publicity. Schliemann's desire to tie this to Homer as changed the way many people look at Mycenaean culture and art.
As for Evans, he did much the same as far as referring to the Complex at Knossos as a palace, although his atrocities are not as severe as we have no proof, at least as far as Evans altering a find. Still, his grand scheme of the grand royal palace, when it most likely was an aristocrat's home paints Minoan culture and art with a romantic brush to most people. He most likely did so with other finds, all to fit his idea of what this wonderful archeological find was.


August 2015
Minitrucks are sold as off-road vehicles for farms and construction sites and are far smaller than conventional small trucks sold for on-the-road use. These vehicles go by many names, including Japanese minitruck, Kei truck, microtruck, and utility transportation vehicle. Minitrucks have the capacity to reach top speeds of 55 mph or more, but many are sold with devices that limit their speed to 25 mph.
Federal safety standards don't apply to minitrucks because they are sold as off-road vehicles, even though they are permitted on public roads in some states. Twenty-one states now allow minitrucks on specific portions of public roads. In Illinois and Missouri, minitrucks are allowed only by local ordinance. Minitrucks must comply with federal safety standards for low-speed vehicles in five states (Illinois, Kansas, Maine, New Hampshire and Tennessee).
The table and map below describe state laws that specifically address the use of minitrucks on public roads. In states without those laws, there may be provisions in other state laws, such as those permitting incidental use of off-road vehicles on public roads, that allow the limited use of minitrucks on public roads.
Hover over map for more detail.


text:
One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
A chord containing a number of closely adjacent notes.Also called tone cluster
- 'For any vocalization to be regarded as a note cluster, we had to be able to detect at least two notes ranging from 300 Hz to 1400 Hz (low-voice notes) and two notes ranging from 1500 Hz to 13000 Hz (high-voice notes).'
- 'The harmonies are loose, ambiguous; sometimes sunny, major tonalities peek through to be subverted by dense note clusters that flirt with dissonance.'
- 'Students must learn to listen 'horizontally' in order to follow melody or rhythm, and 'vertically' so as to separate mentally the various sounds that combine to form a chord or note cluster.'
- 'Yet I have to say that its rigorous and intransigent atonal style with a preponderance of chromatic note clusters and major seventh and minor ninth intervals now seems outworn, its initial impact long dissipated.'
- 'The crunchy note clusters suddenly sound lovely and discordant (and quite heavy for me, actually) and the higher break part suddenly takes on a strange shimmer.'
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


text:
ADVISOR TO PUBLIC TASK FORCE
Opinion No. 86 (1986)
QUESTION: May judges serve in an advisory capacity to a public board
or task force, where in all probability they will later preside over cases arising out of
the crisis or problem for which the board or task force was created to solve?
ANSWER: Judges should regulate their activities to minimize the risk of conflict with the proper performance of their judicial duties. Canon 4 applies this admonition to judges' activities to improve the law, the legal system, and the administration of justice. Canons 5A, 5B, and 5D apply this same admonition to judges' extra-judicial activities. Canon 3 states, "The judicial duties of a judge take precedence over all his other activities."
A majority of the Committee is of the opinion that it would be a violation of the Code
of Judicial Conduct for judges knowingly to agree to serve on or to continue to serve on
such a board or task force, if in serving, a conflict with the proper performance of their
judicial duties probably would arise or does arise. One judge dissented.