text: Carlos Cruz-Diez is one of the founding fathers of the Op Art movement, and his revolutionary sculptures and paintings push the boundaries of light and space through their kinetic qualities. Cruz-Diez was born in Caracas, Venezuela in 1923. He began his formal training at the School of Applied and Plastic Arts in 1940 and received his degree as a professor of applied arts in 1945. The following year, Cruz-Diez became the advertising director of the agency McCann-Erickson. In 1947, the first exhibit of his work was on display at the Instituto Venezolano-Americano. Cruz-Diez traveled to Paris in 1955 and was struck by the Le Movement exhibit of Op Art at Galerie Denise René. In 1960, Cruz-Diez relocated to Paris with his family. And five years later, Cruz-Diez's art was featured in the influential exhibit The Responsive Eye at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The influential, and controversial, show included the work of Bridget Reilly, Ellsworth Kelly, Josef Albers, and Max Bill among others.


Artist Panel | Saturday, November 16 | 5 – 7pm
Returning to the RAC for a second year, Art(ists) On The Verge 10 (AOV10) showcases art experimentally practiced at the intersection of art, technology, and digital culture, created out of a mentor-based fellowship program for five emerging Minnesota-based artists. From the subtleties of atmosphere to a journey through a mind-palace that seamlessly melds art and technology, AOV10 explores themes of surveillance and conformity, algorithms as AI and time travel.
Art(ists) on the Verge is an annual exhibition program that mentors artists to incorporate more technology into their art practice with the intention of fostering increased audience engagement and participation with their work. In this exhibition art does not sit on the walls but is activated by the viewer. Across all five installations, the art is interactive, immersive, and requires the viewer to engage in order to function as an artwork. RAC and Northern Lights are proud to share these innovative works with Southeastern Minnesota and the surrounding community.
Included in AOV10:
Lindsy Halleckson's You Are Sky is an exploration of atmosphere, space, and the illusionary boundaries created by us. Three complimentary sections offering interpretations of sight, sound, and temperature all serve to explore our perceptions of where feeling and places end and begin.
Thoughts and Prayers by Essma Imady transports the viewer into a space to consider the problematics of "group think" that is perpetuated under totalitarian regimes, similar to Syria, where she grew up. Reflecting both the joy and energy of belonging and the shock and terror of being forced by the group, the viewer is prompted to seek others to join them by making an image whole and moving through rituals.
The narrative thread of Kathy McTavish's Swarm begins with her background in mathematics. An algorithm becomes a maze of light and sound bathes the viewer in a code that envelops their senses and questions the relationship between man and machine. The algorithm in its entirety is then patterned unto quilts, further disguising the union of the machine and the hand.
Chris Rackley's childhood informs Does Your Shoe Have a Boy Inside? Viewers peek, play and climb inside the imaginary world a boy stuck in a back storeroom of his father's shoe shop. From the miniature to the gigantic, shoe boxes as large as a room and as small as a dollhouse toy provoke the viewer to consider how memory works and how these memories shape us.
Khadijah Muse's work encourages the movement and exchange of both ideas and knowledge. Within the work, people move through sections filled with questions, shapes and art in a quest to connect to one another throughout the process of participating. Having migrated from Kenya as a child, Muse creates a space to consider what is gained and what is lost when moving to a new country no matter where the viewer is from.
Art(ists) on the Verge is produced by Northern and codirected by Piotr Szyhalski, Steve Dietz, and Mike Hoyt.


Average Weather Data for Littlefork, Minnesota
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 16° 23° 35° 52° 65° 73° 78° 76° 66° 52° 34° 20°
Average Monthly low in °F: 12° 27° 40° 49° 54° 52° 42° 31° 17°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Littlefork? 49.2 °F
What's the Average Low in Littlefork? 25.9 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Littlefork? 37.55 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Littlefork get? 26.26 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Littlefork? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Littlefork (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Littlefork? 55 inches
Littlefork Temperature and Rain Graphs
Average high in °F
Average low in °F
Average precipitation in inches


text:
I understand that a water heater element is basically just adding energy to the mass of water in the container. So does that mean that the heater element only has to keep adding energy while the water around it becomes hotter than the element itself? Or does the element warm up together with the water until both reach 100C?
The water will not warm up, if the heater has the same temperature as the water. It needs to be hotter than the current water temperature. You can not "add" thermal energy to the water by connecting an object that is in thermal equilibrium with the water.
In practice the element will get very hot without any water cooling it and it will eventually switch off to prevent any damage. If you add water this process is slowed down a lot, as the water has a high heat capacity but until the heater switches off it will always be warmer than the water.
The amount of heat flowing per time depends on the temperature difference as stated by Fourier's law: $$\partial Q \propto \Delta T$$

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Homework Questions? Ask a Tutor for Answers ASAP
1.Design a Boolean function named isPrime, which takes an integer as an argument and returns True if the argument is a prime number or false otherwise. Use the function in a program that prompts the user to enter a number and then displays a message indicating whether the number is XXXXX
2. Write a program that asks the user to enter five tests scores. The program should display a letter grade for each score and the average test score.
Design the following functions in the program:
a. calcAverage – This function should accept five test scores as arguments and return the average of the scores.
b. determineGrade – This function should accept a test score as an argument and return a letter for the score ( as a string), based on the following grading scale.
They are due in 12 hours.
This lookes much better; what does this "
& vbCrLf" mean? Its a new expression to me.
What is it saying?
Thank you. Hopefully this is the last clarification task...
Thank you so much for your help, and quick response.
Sure anytime..look me up next time you need help and please rate my answer

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Tricky Diels–Alder reactions or Mukaiyama aldol additions – a bulky chiral catalyst can do them all by squeezing substrates into its chiral pocket
A catalyst, designed to mimic an enzyme, squeezes molecules into shape for tricky-to-do asymmetric reactions. The chunky acid's chiral pocket has, for the first time, made it possible to do Diels–Alder reactions with esters1 and aldol additions with acetaldehyde.2
The Mukaiyama variant of the aldol reaction pairs a silyl enol ether with an aldehyde. However, it is prone to producing oligomers since the addition products are just as reactive as the starting materials. The problem is exacerbated when using the simplest of the enolates, acetaldehyde enolate. In Diels–Alder reactions, this reactivity problem is reversed when it comes to unsaturated esters – as dienophiles, they are almost completely unreactive.
Now, Benjamin List's team from the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim, Germany, has taken a lesson from nature and designed enzyme-like catalysts to tackle these tricky transformations; making them possible in the first place while also producing almost entirely single enantiomer products.
'The idea behind these catalysts was to mimic an enzyme's active site,' List explains. His imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) with its enormous Binol backbone looks almost too bulky to be reactive. But the team fine-tuned the cavity to fit the substrates perfectly as computer modelled 3D structures have shown.
'We created a confined space, a cavity that is only accessible to substrates in certain conformations,' says List, which helps explain both the reactivity control and the catalyst's stereoselectivity. In some cases this perfect fit limits the reactions' scope: Diels–Alder cycloadditions only work with methyl esters, not the slightly bigger ethyl esters. Nevertheless, 'their system can do a variety of substrates within a class whereas normally an enzyme would be very specific for one reaction with one substrate,' says organic chemist Louis Morrill from Cardiff University, UK.
Morrill praises the extremely low catalyst loadings: just 0.5mol% IDPi in some cases. 'In addition, [the Diels–Alder reaction] can be scaled-up and the catalyst recovered without loss of selectivity over several runs,' adds Silvina Pellegrinet, organic chemist at the National University of Rosario, Argentina.
However, 'the highly specialised nature of the catalysts, which require multi-step synthesis, may inhibit the general uptake of this approach,' Morrill comments. Pellegrinet agrees: 'If the chiral catalysts were readily accessible, I would use it in my lab.'
'In the longer run, we think we have the right type of system to make other acid-catalysed reactions enantioselective,' says List. He explains that one of the biggest challenges in asymmetric catalysis is to do polyene cyclisation. 'For example, converting squalene into steroids is something that still only enzymes can do.'
This story was edited on 17 October 2018 to add extra comments from Silvina Pellegrinet


Language: Node definitions
A node definition or node statement is a block of Puppet code that will only be included in matching nodes' catalogs. This feature allows you to assign specific configurations to specific nodes.
Node statements are an optional feature of Puppet. They can be replaced by or combined with an external node classifier, or you can eschew both and use conditional statements with facts to classify nodes.
Unlike more general conditional structures, node statements only match nodes by name. By default, the name of a node is its certname (which defaults to the node's fully qualified domain name).
Node definitions should go in the main manifest. The main manifest can be a single file, or a directory containing many files.
# /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/manifests/site.pp
node '' {
 include common
 include apache
 include squid
node '' {
 include common
 include mysql
In the example above, only would receive the apache and squid classes, and only would receive the mysql class.
 - The node keyword
 - The name(s) of the node(s), separated by commas (with an optional final trailing comma)
 - An opening curly brace
 - A closing curly brace
Aside: Best practices
Although node statements can contain almost any Puppet code, we recommend that you only use them to set variables and declare classes. Avoid using resource declarations, collectors, conditional statements, chaining relationships, and functions in them; all of these belong in classes or defined types.
This will make it easier to switch between node definitions and an ENC.
Node statements match nodes by name. A node's name is its unique identifier; by default, this is its certname setting, which in turn defaults to the node's fully qualified domain name.
Note on Non-Certname Node Names
A node statement's name must be one of the following:
 - A regular expression.
 - The bare word default.
You may not create two node statements with the same name.
Multiple names
You can use a comma-separated list of names to create a group of nodes with a single node statement:
node '', '', '' {
 include common
 include apache, squid
This example creates three identical nodes:,, and
The default node
The name default (without quotes) is a special value for node names. If no node statement matching a given node can be found, the default node will be used. See Behavior below.
Regular expression names
Regular expressions (regexes) can be used as node names. This is another method for writing a single node statement that matches multiple nodes.
Note: Make sure all of your node regexes match non-overlapping sets of node names. If a node's name matches more than one regex, Puppet makes no guarantee about which matching definition it will get.
node /^www\d+$/ {
 include common
The above example would match www1, www13, and any other node whose name consisted of www and one or more digits.
node /^(foo|bar)\.example\.com$/ {
 include common
The above example would match and, but no other nodes.
If the main manifest contains at least one node definition, it must have one for every node; compilation for a node will fail if one cannot be found. (Hence the usefulness of the default node.) If the main manifest contains no node definitions, this requirement is dropped.
A given node will only get the contents of one node definition, even if two node statements could match a node's name. Puppet will do the following checks in order when deciding which definition to use:
 1. If there is a node definition with the node's exact name, Puppet will use it.
 2. If there is a regular expression node statement that matches the node's name, Puppet will use it. (If more than one regex node matches, Puppet will use one of them, with no guarantee as to which.)
 3. If the node's name looks like a fully qualified domain name (i.e. multiple period-separated groups of letters, numbers, underscores and dashes), Puppet will chop off the final group and start again at step 1. (That is, if a definition for isn't found, Puppet will look for a definition matching www01.example.)
 4. Puppet will use the default node.
Thus, for the node, Puppet would try the following, in order:
 - A regex that matches
 - www01.example
 - A regex that matches www01.example
 - www01
 - A regex that matches www01
 - default
You can turn off this fuzzy name matching by changing the Puppet master's strict_hostname_checking setting to true. This will cause Puppet to skip step 3 and only use the node's full name before resorting to default.
Regex capture variables
Regex node definitions will set numbered regex capture variables ($1, $2, etc.) within the body of the node definition. This is similar to the behavior of conditional statements that use regexes.
Code outside node statements
Puppet code that is outside any node statement will be compiled for every node. That is, a given node will get both the code in its node definition and the code outside any node definition.
Node scope
Node definitions create a new anonymous scope that can override variables and defaults from top scope. See the section on node scope for details.
Merging with ENC data
Node definitions and external node classifiers can co-exist. Puppet merges their data as follows:
 - Variables from an ENC are set at top scope and can thus be overridden by variables in a node definition.
 - Classes from an ENC are declared at node scope, which means they will be affected by any variables set in the node definition.
Although ENCs and node definitions can work together, we recommend that most users pick one or the other.
Inheritance is not allowed
In earlier versions of the Puppet language, nodes could inherit from other nodes using the inherits keyword. We removed that feature, and this version of the language will raise an error if you try to use it.
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text:
Floating Point Rounding
From Erlang Community
You need to round a floating-point number to an integer.
Use one of the functions round/1, ceiling/1, floor/1 and trunc/1. Note, the standard Erlang distribution does not come with either floor/1 or ceiling/1, but they can be easily implemented in terms of trunc/1
floor(X) when X < 0 -> T = trunc(X), case X - T == 0 of true -> T; false -> T - 1 end; floor(X) -> trunc(X). ceiling(X) when X < 0 -> trunc(X); ceiling(X) -> T = trunc(X), case X - T == 0 of true -> T; false -> T + 1 end. 1> floor(-4.3). -5 2> ceiling(-4.3). -4 3> trunc(-4.3). -4 4> round(-4.3). -4 5> floor(3.5). 3 6> ceiling(3.5). 4 7> trunc(3.5). 3 8> round(3.5). 4 9> round(7). 7
The procedures all return integers.
round/1 returns the closest integer to x, rounding to even when x is halfway between two integers. trunc/1 returns the integer closest to x whose absolute value is not larger than the absolute value of x. floor/1 returns the largest integer not larger than x. ceiling/1 returns the smallest integer not smaller than x.
For the floor and ceiling functions implemented above, T will always be less than or equal to X. We just need to check if there is a difference between the two in which case we will either increase or decrease the truncation depending if we want to floor or ceiling X.
(Correction to floor/1 and ceiling/1 to check for negative or positive values. 2009-11-21 seetho)
Further general information on math and rounding is available from:
MathWorld definition of the Floor Function. MathWorld definition of the Ceiling Function


IBM Support
Floating license behavior when multiple Rational products are installed in the same Eclipse shell
Technote (FAQ)
If an individual installs multiple Rational products in the same Eclipse shell, and if the floating license for one of them is not available, can the other products, or the base Eclipse, or both another product and the base Eclipse be used?
No, all licenses need to be available at product launch for both Eclipse and the products to be used. This document explains the basic current behavior, along with the workaround if the user prefers the old behavior (that is, running a disabled product without a license).
There is a common misunderstanding about the licensing behavior when multiple products are installed into the same Eclipse shell. It is wrongly believed that only when a product is used will it consume a license.
For example, a customer reported when Rational Software Architect v7.0 and Rational Data Architect v7.0 are installed in the same shell, they see licensing errors when starting Rational Data Architect 7.0 by clicking on the shortcut to run Rational Data Architect v7.0. The customer is running Rational Software Architect v7.0 and Rational Data Architect v7.0 and does not have a license for Rational Software Architect. So Rational Software Architect plugins will not run. This is by design for all products and why there is licensing enforcement in the first place. There are multiple reasons it could be requiring a Software Architect license, such as startup plugins, builders, etc. It is incorrect to believe that a product in a shell sharing situation can be completely separate and you cannot load it by loading "knowing" plugins which are product specific. So the Rational Software Architect license failures should be no surprise.
The key to this is the following statement by the customer, "Since no Rational Software Architect specific functionality is apparently being invoked this surprised me." This implies the assumption that Rational Software Architect functionality is somehow separate enough and partitioned to specific perspectives and views. This is a false assumption and is not how Eclipse works. Eclipse loads plugins as needed. If a request for a Software Architect plugin happens underneath the covers (for example Rational Data Architect having an optional plugin dependency on Rational Software Architect to provide enhanced function and Data Architect proceeding to request that plugin get loaded since it was installed) then a Rational Software Architect license will get consumed.
The particular set of errors in version 7.0 prompted a change to the startup behavior in products such as Rational Software Architect v7.5 and Rational Performance Tester v8.0, based on the following four points:
1. If there is no license for one product in the shell then the choice is to remove the product or license it.
2. It is impossible to have two products sharing the same shell and being able to know that licensed content will not be loaded and what will.
3. IMPORTANT: Customers can install two products into the same shell and only when a product is used will it consume a license. This is correct in the sense that only when a product is used will it consume a license. It is incorrect to think running one product in the shell will not consume a license of the other product in the same shell, because once products are installed in the same shell, there is no guarantee it will not consume a license because what action in the user interface or build or gesture could trigger a license to be needed cannot be guaranteed. Shell sharing products are intimately connected. It will require all the products to change their architecture in order to enable this behavior. That kind of architecture will remove the seamless nature of the product integrations that now occur since it requires that products be logically separate and not integrate with each other.
4. Shell sharing products are basically running as a single unified product from the perspective of Eclipse. In order to not have continual errors and random dialogs asking for licenses to pop up all the required licenses to run, the content in that shell needs to be available upon product start.
Thus, in products releases since v7.0, the launch of a product, including Eclipse, will be blocked if it cannot acquire a license for all the products running in the shell.
Most of the issues around the added complexity are related to customers not wanting to consume a license when two products are installed together. The products are not architected for that scenario. They are architected to install two products together to get the combined function of the two products in a seamless scenario. Therefore you need two licenses for two products running in the same shell.
Licensing block workaround
Note: this is not recommended; use it only as last resort.
A product such as Rational Software Architect 7.5 or Rational Performance Tester v8.0 will block the launch of a product if it cannot acquire a license for all the products running in the shell. To work around this blocking behavior:
Add a line to existing \configuration\config.ini:
These changes were made
In the presence of this system property, the "License Cannot Be Found" error dialog now provides an "Ignore" button which will allow users to continue execution of the product.
Licensed plugins will still fail to load and potentially display further error dialogs (that is, if they load sometime after startup).
There is now a "Done" button in the "Manage Licenses" dialog (when there is a license error and where Exit Workbench formerly was the only choice):
There now is a "Manage Licenses" toolbar button with an error icon when executing in unlicensed mode (similar to Manage Licenses toolbar button with warning icon added during last 14 days of a trial license, except this uses an error icon):
Document information
More support for: Rational License Key Server
Software version: 7.0, 7.1, 7.5, 8.0
Operating system(s): Linux, Windows
Reference #: _PHONE_
Modified date: 2009-11-03


text:
An aspect of this that isn't covered by the other answers is the following: you say "we are assuming that an externally applied force is pulling the wall out. It's not the gas that is pushing the wall out." But imagine for a moment that the wall is not moving. The gas is pushing on the wall, so in order for it to remain stationary there must be another force pushing in the other direction.
Now, if we suddenly removed this pushing force and started pulling on the wall, it would move very rapidly, because our pull would be added to the gas's push. If we want the wall to move slowly then we shouldn't stop the force that's pushing the wall inwards, but just reduce it very slightly, and allow the gas to do the work of pushing the wall outwards.
So if the wall is moving slowly then it really is the gas that's doing the work of moving it, and not a pulling force from somewhere else. That's why energy can be lost from the gas in this situation without violating the conservation of energy.
Update to address a comment
Russ comments comments that if the wall wasn't moving then no work would be done. The question, then, is what makes the case of a moving wall different?
The short answer is that work $=$ force $\times$ distance, so if the wall does not move then distance $=0$ and so no work is done, whereas if it does move then the distance is greater than $0$ and so the work is positive.
However, that might not be very enlightening, so let's do a little thought experiment. Let's replace the wall with a piston. We won't assume this piston has an infinite mass. Let's say that the piston is rigid (held together by electromagnetic forces, as Russ says). We'll say that it's not moving right now and is held in place just by being a very tight fit to its mantle. ("Mantle" being the technical term for the cylindrical sleeve that a piston fits into.) Outside of the piston is a vacuum, just so that there's nothing else pushing on it.
This is the same situation as the box - the piston is held in place by its rigidity and its connection to the sides - it's just that making it into a piston makes the next bit easier to explain.
Now let's imagine that the gas starts to push the piston outwards very slowly. In this case the pushing force of the gas is almost, but not completely, balanced by the friction of the piston against the mantle walls. We know there must be friction because if there wasn't then the gas would push the piston out very rapidly.
Now, since there is friction there must be heat generated as the piston rubs against the mantle. Heat is a form of energy, so the question to ask yourself is, where is that energy coming from? There's nothing touching the piston other than the mantle and the gas, so the only place it really can come from is the kinetic energy of the gas molecules. The total amount of heat produced is equal to the force the gas exerts on the piston, multiplied by the distance it moves.
If you understand this example it might help you to see why the case where you remove a sequence of stationary walls is different. In this case there is nothing moving against a frictional force, so there's no heat being generated, and there's nowhere else that the molecules' kinetic energy can go. This is why the energy of a gas does not change when it expands into a vacuum but does change when it pushes against a moving wall.
Finally, it's worth commenting on the difference in approach between this answer and the other ones. In the other answers, the wall was assumed to move slowly not because there was an opposing force but because the wall was infinitely heavy. If there is no opposing force and the wall is not very heavy then the pressure of the gas will accelerate it until it is not travelling slowly any more. The "heavy wall" approach allows you to do the kinematic calculations to see how the energy is lost from individual particles, whereas the "opposing force" picture allows you to see what's happening to the energy on a more macroscopic level. But the same amount of energy will be lost from the gas in either case (the gas can't "know" whether there's a heavy wall or an opposing force), and understanding both cases helps you to get a more complete picture of what's going on.


text:
Keywords: lock, lock up, key, ignition
Found 1 variant for this sign (click on video to enlarge):
As a Noun
[Often the movement is repeated] the part of a door, a drawer, or a suitcase which you use to keep it shut and to prevent other people from opening it. To open it, you must first put a key in it and turn it. English = lock.
[Often the movement is repeated] a specially shaped piece of metal which you place in a lock and turn in order to open or lock a door, a drawer, or a suitcase; a specially shaped piece of metal that you turn, for example to wind up a clock. English = key.
[Often the movement is repeated] the keyhole in the dashboard of a car in which you insert a key in order to start the engine. English = ignition.
As a Verb or Adjective
To put a key into a lock and turn it so that it cannot be opened. English = lock.
To make sure all the doors and windows of a building are properly closed and locked so that burglars cannot get in. English = lock up.
To insert a key into the ignition of a car and turn it so that the engine starts.


text:
College, technical or professional training are tools you may use to launch your children or grandchildren into a future life of independence. After all, in a knowledge-based economy like ours, what your children know and can contribute can be of substantial value to different employers and therefore generate higher pay for them.
There are three ways to pay for the training - beforehand, during and afterwards.
1. Beforehand means putting money aside from income or assets into an account that will be available to pay tuition, books, room and board, and other expenses when the time comes to pay the bills. This approach has time working for you; the money you have contributed into your account may earn interest and dividends and even grow.
2. During means using your income to pay the bills directly while your (grand)children are in school. This approach can work great, but with current high educational expenses you need to have substantial discretionary income to find enough money.


text:
Explore the rich artistic legacy of the ancient Costa Ricans in this exhibition of vessels and figures that helps us trace relationships between the peoples of Costa Rica and their neighbors north and south. In ancient Costa Rican cultures, these objects were used to teach about mythology, religion, and the environment. Today, they help archaeologists reconstruct ancient paths of trade and distribution, revealing that thousands of years ago Costa Rica was, in effect, already regionally "globalized." The exhibition is guest curated by Fred Lange, and archaeologist of Central American cultures.
This exhibition was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously funded by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. Hall Fund. Fred Lange's residency at the museum was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
To read the full press release, click here.


text:
- a partially or mostly burned piece of coal, wood, etc.
- any residue of combustion; ashes.
- Geology.coarse scoriae erupted by volcanoes.
- a live, flameless coal; ember.
- slag1(def 1).
- a mixture of ashes and slag.
- to spread cinders on: The highway department salted and cindered the icy roads.
- Archaic. to reduce to cinders.
- to spread cinders on a surface, as a road or sidewalk: My neighbor began cindering as soon as the first snowflake fell.
Origin of cinder
Examples from the Web for cinderous
A worthy companion portrait to that of cinderous Mr. Toodles, the stoker, familiar to the readers of Dombey.Charles Dickens as a Reader
- a piece of incombustible material left after the combustion of coal, coke, etc; clinker
- a piece of charred material that burns without flames; ember
- Also called: sinter any solid waste from smelting or refining
- (plural) fragments of volcanic lava; scoriae
- (tr) rare to burn to cinders
Word Origin and History for cinderous
Old English sinder "dross of iron, slag," from Proto-Germanic *sendra- "slag" (cf. Old Saxon sinder "slag, dross," Old Norse sindr, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch sinder, Dutch sintel, Old High German sintar, German Sinter), from PIE root *sendhro- "coagulating fluid" (cf. Old Church Slavonic sedra "cinder").
Initial s- changed to c- under influence of unrelated French cendre "ashes," from Latin cinerem (nominative cinis) "ashes," from or related to Greek konis "dust" (see incinerate). The French word also apparently shifted the sense of the English one to "small piece of burnt coal" (16c.). Volcanic cinder cone is recorded from 1849.
Idioms and Phrases with cinderous
see burned to a cinder.


text:
A survey on corporate turnround response by financially distressed companies quoted at the Nairobi stock exchange.
Firms that are experiencing financial distress take one action or another in order to turn around their performance. This study sought to find out what turnaround strategies are taken by companies hen faced by financial distress. The financially distressed companies generally take actions that are aimed at reducing costs e.g. laying off employees, asset sales and dividend cuts or take actions that are aimed at increasing revenue generation e.g. asset acquisitions in order to improve efficiency. In severe cases of financial distress a company may opt or be forced into liquidation through bankruptcy proceedings. The Kenyan economy under the period of review had mixed results of growing and declining presumably as a result of among others, the global economic crises, the post election violence, loss of investor confidence at the NSE and increased inflation. Thus the need to establish the restructuring strategies the financially distressed companies took in order to turnaround their performance. This study carried out a survey of the companies that were listed for the entire period of the study(2002-2008). Performance of the companies was established by conducting the Z score analysis on each of the companies. The Z score analysis identified 8 companies has having been financially distressed at one year or another during the period of the study. The survey found out that employee layoff was the most preferred course of action being carried out by 63% by the companies. Asset restructuring was the second most preferred turnaround strategy being carried out by 50% of the companies. Debt restructuring and top management change were the least preferred turn around strategies each one of them being taken by one company each. The study also found out that, in the year of distress the restructuring strategies are more intensified and are carried out less intensively in the subsequent years after distress. This may is presumably because of reducing the immediate liquidity problems being faced by the firm.


text:
Image: Flesh fly - Adult
Flesh fly - Family Sarcophagidae
- Richard Major
- © Australian Museum
Flesh flies - Family Sarcophagidae
Flesh flies are stripey-backed or chequered flies, often with bright red eyes. They arrive at corpses slightly later than the pioneer blowflies, but the eggs hatch in the uterus of the female, before she lays them, with the result that the larvae are deposited directly on the body. This allows them to catch up on the blowflies, whose eggs take around 24 hours to hatch.
Adult flesh flies still sometimes find themselves in competition with blowflies, as they fight for the best laying sites. When several flies attempt to lay in the same site, flesh flies can often be observed using their legs to kick other flies that stray too close.
Flesh fly pupae can remain dormant for long periods. Maggots of some Sarcophaga species hibernate as pupae in autumn and do not emerge as adult flies until late spring. Flesh flies often emerge in people's houses after feeding on dead possums in their ceiling.


plugin.xml file, and a descriptor file is created to describe new projects.
Step 2: Creating a new CProject
The CDT provides a full extensible wizard structure for creating CDT resources. The New Project Wizard is particularly powerful, allowing you to configure every aspect of the project's build process, from the environmental variables to source indexing. When you complete the wizard, it and the Core plug-in perform four main tasks:
 1. Create and open an IProject at the given path
 2. Build an IProjectDescription to hold the IProject's general information
 3. Construct a CDescriptor to hold the CDT-specific information
 4. Give the IProject a CNature or CCNature, depending on the content type
The first and second steps are common for the creation of any IProject. In the second task, the IProjectDescription stores information that the workbench uses to define the project. This data is persisted in XML format within the.project file in the project's top-level directory. Two important elements are , which lists the build commands for the project, and , which marks the project as having characteristics beyond those of a regular IProject.
The CDescriptor in the third step is similar to the IProjectDescription. The main difference is that it contains data specific to the CDT and inserts this information within a separate.cdtproject file, which contains profiles for different tools used in the build process and specifies configuration parameters for each. This file uses an XML format similar to the IProjectDescription. Listing 1 shows an example of a.cdtproject profile declaration.
Listing 1. Profile information in the.cdtproject file

The last step involves tagging the project as a C or C++ project. The Core plug-in does this by adding either the CNature or CCNature to the IProjectDescription. These classes do nothing interesting by themselves, but when the DeltaProcessor recognizes the nature of a new project, it tells the CModelManager to create a CProject corresponding to the project resource and adds it to the CDT model hierarchy.
Step 3: Creating a new TranslationUnit and WorkingCopy
Unlike the CProject, the TranslationUnit isn't immediately constructed when its underlying IFile appears. Instead, it's created after the file is activated and the editor opens. To explain how this works, I'll start with the central class of the CDT editing process: the CEditor.
Essentially, the CEditor is a StyledText widget that fits into the workbench and gets content from an IEditorInput instance. In keeping with the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, the Eclipse Text Editor API only uses this widget to provide the View aspect. The editor's information is encapsulated within an instance of IDocument. A SourceViewer acts as the controller, and the CSourceViewer manages access to the CDT document.
In the Core plug-in, plugin.xml holds contentType extensions for the different types of C/C++ files and associates each contentType with a file suffix. In the UI plug-in, plugin.xml associates the CEditor with these contentTypes. The BBCDT recognizes files with.bbc,.bbcpp,.bbh, and.bbhpp suffixes. When you create or double-click one of these files, the workbench converts the IFile to IEditorInput and uses it to initialize the CEditor.
As the editor is initialized, the CDocumentProvider performs three important tasks:
 1. It uses the input's IFile to create TranslationUnit and TranslationUnitInfo objects.
 2. It creates an IDocument for the editor with the information in the IEditorInput.
 3. It constructs the WorkingCopy for the TranslationUnit and its buffer.
To create the new CDT elements, the provider calls the CoreModel, which calls the CModelManager. These workspace operations, such as the CreateWorkingCopyOperation and DestroyWorkingCopyOperation, all implement the IWorkspaceRunnable interface. They run asynchronously and tell the workspace to prevent other operations from interfering with the resource modification.
Like a CProject, each TranslationUnit has its own configuration information, such as its annotations. However, the provider doesn't create a separate CDescriptor. Instead, it persists the data inside the IEditorInput's FileInfo object. This way, the next time the input is activated, the provider can access the unit's information without starting from scratch.
Running the BBCDT
I've provided the BBCDT as a plug-in and a plug-in project. Because the tool's main purpose is to provide a basis for further work, I recommend importing the project, instead of adding its capability to your Eclipse installation.
To keep the BBCDT as simple as possible, I left out the PathEntryManager, which means that the tool doesn't use SourceEntry objects or even SourceRoots. Therefore, you must add source files (.bbc,.bbh,.bbcc, and.bbhh files) directly to the project. To create BBCDT resources, I've created a new set of wizard/page classes in the org.dworks.bbcdt.ui.wizards package. To create a project, click File > New > Project and choose either the C or C++ option. To create a file, click New > Other and choose either the C or C++ option. Figure 3 shows what the BBCDT project and editor look like.
Figure 3. The BBCDT
If you've accessed IFiles and IProjects in your Java code, the elements of the CDT model shouldn't present a problem. The CModel contains CProjects, which contain CSourceRoots. Each TranslationUnit corresponds to a single C/C++ source file, so the editor interacts with the CDT model by accessing and altering these elements.
With great power comes great complexity. This treatment may seem overly detailed, but you'll find it helpful if you start building your own C/C++ editor. You can get a much better idea of the CDT's mechanics by looking through the BBCDT source code. I recommend that you add, remove, and modify code to experiment with its operation.
The CDT model should also become clearer in subsequent articles, as I discuss the many ways the TranslationUnit and WorkingCopy interact with the CEditor and its UI classes. Part 2 goes further into how Documents manage events, how partitioning takes place, and how this partitioning provides for syntax coloring.
Part 1 source codeos-ecl-cdt1.zip574KB
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ArticleTitle=Building a CDT-based editor, Part 1: The C/C++ Development Tooling model


following:
 CD->might_have(liner_notes => 'LinerNotes', undef, {
 proxy => [ qw/notes/ ],
Then, assuming LinerNotes has an accessor named notes, you can do:
 my $cd = CD->find(1);
 # set notes -- LinerNotes object is created if it doesn't exist
 $cd->notes('Notes go here');
Specifies the type of accessor that should be created for the relationship. Valid values are single (for when there is only a single related object), multi (when there can be many), and filter (for when there is a single related object, but you also want the relationship accessor to double as a column accessor). For multi accessors, an add_to_* method is also created, which calls create_related for the relationship.
Throws an exception if the condition is improperly supplied, or cannot be resolved.
Arguments: none
Return Value: _USER_
 my _USER_ = $source->relationships();
Returns all relationship names for this source.
Arguments: $rel_name
Return Value: \%rel_data
Returns a hash of relationship information for the specified relationship name. The keys/values are as specified for "add_relationship" in DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base.
Arguments: $rel_name
Return Value: 1/0 (true/false)
Returns true if the source has a relationship of this name, false otherwise.
Arguments: $rel_name
Return Value: \%rel_data
Looks through all the relationships on the source this relationship points to, looking for one whose condition is the reverse of the condition on this relationship.
A common use of this is to find the name of the belongs_to relation opposing a has_many relation. For definition of these look in DBIx::Class::Relationship.
The returned hashref is keyed by the name of the opposing relationship, and contains its data in the same manner as "relationship_info".
Arguments: $rel_name
Return Value: $source
Returns the result source object for the given relationship.
Arguments: $rel_name
Return Value: $classname
Returns the class name for objects in the given relationship.
Arguments: none
Return Value: $source_handle
Obtain a new result source handle instance for this source. Used as a serializable pointer to this resultsource, as it is not easy (nor advisable) to serialize CODErefs which may very well be present in e.g. relationship definitions.
Stores a hashref of per-source metadata. No specific key names have yet been standardized, the examples below are purely hypothetical and don't actually accomplish anything on their own:
 "_tablespace" => 'fast_disk_array_3',
 "_engine" => 'InnoDB',
 $class->new({attribute_name => value});
Creates a new ResultSource object. Not normally called directly by end users.
Arguments: 1/0 (default: 0)
Return Value: 1/0
Enables the on-demand automatic loading of the above column metadata from storage as necessary. This is *deprecated*, and should not be used. It will be removed before 1.0.
syntax highlighting:


text:
Self-Care Activity: Writing & Receiving What You Need Through Letters. Self-care activities for people affected by bipolar disorder.
team THRIVE! Doing this self-nurture once is like removing one brick from a wall…the wall is still there.
To be successful at nurturing ourselves, we must consistently and persistently work at it brick by brick.
Directions for this self-nurture activity:
You are to write two letters:
Letter # 1: Write a letter to someone who:
- Hurt you
- Disappointed you
- Who you want to forgive
- Someone who passed away
This letter is FOR YOU…for your own healing.
Letter #2: Write a letter to yourself responding as if you are the person you wrote the first letter to.
In this letter, share with him both what you need and needed from him and how not having it affects and effected your life.
Self-nurture comes from taking responsibility for how we respond to our loss, disappointment and hurt.
It empowers us to be our best.
Do NOT blame, shame, or judge the person you are writing to…even if they were horrible, it will not help you heal…here's a reminder why.
Have compassion and empathy for who they are.
[box type="warning"] Note: This form of letter is NOT to be used for someone who VIOLATED you.
If you are writing this letter to a perpetrator…skip the directions above and write freely whatever you need to say.[/box]
Here are ideas to help guide you:
- To bring compassion into your heart, focus on what they did RIGHT by you and in your life…how they enhanced your life….what you learned from them…how they helped you overcome something. Focus on what you appreciate. WRITE this down first.
- To bring empathy into your heart, think about what their life was like. What challenges, struggles and losses did they experience growing up. Was their something they did not get that they needed as a child and adult, as a result they could not give it to you.
- Acknowledge and take ownership of your needs, desires and expectations…how you need/deserve to be treated etc.
- Take ownership of your disappointment and hurt from not getting your needs met…this takes the place of blaming, shaming and guilt….which only adds poison to wounds, these actions do NOT heal wounds.
- How did not getting what you need affect you?
- How did disappointment affect you?
- Share with them how your pain. Let them know that their choices and actions hurt you.
- Acknowledge that you are able to recognize that they did their best with the resources they had available at the time…even though their best was not good enough for you.
- Forgiveness. Forgiveness can mean many things:
- Acceptance of what happened and there is nothing you can do to change what happened…but you can change your response
- Letting them off the hook. No longer holding them responsible for the things that went wrong in your life because of their actions and choices. Taking responsibility for your own life.
- "Letting go of the hope that the past could have been any different." – Oprah
Write this letter to you, from your the person you wrote your first letter to.
Write the letter as though you are them…put yourself in their shoes.
In this letter give yourself what you need to receive from them.
NOW…YOU DON'T HAVE TO GIVE THE LETTERS TO THIS PERSON,
but if you are able to and feel safe doing so,
your relationship with him may be better as a result.
team THRIVE! You are welcome to share your letters here by posting them in the comments section or submitting them by email: _EMAIL_ and they will be posted in "Our Stories"


text:
Water and sediment testing
EPA is currently collecting and analyzing water and sediment samples to help states and other federal agencies understand the immediate and long-term impacts of oil contamination along the Gulf coast. The results and the interpretation of all data collected by EPA will be posted to _URL_
Water and sediment samples are being taken prior to oil reaching the area to determine water quality and sediment conditions that are typical of selected bays and beaches in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida panhandle. This data will be used to supplement existing data generated from previous water quality surveys conducted by states, EPA, and others.
Water sampling will continue once the oil reaches the shore; periodic samples will be collected to document water quality changes. EPA will make data publicly available as quickly as possible. Other state and federal agencies make beach closure and seafood harvesting and consumption determinations, but the data generated by EPA will assist in their evaluations.
Why is EPA sampling and monitoring the water?
EPA is tracking the prevalence of potentially harmful chemicals in the water as a result of this spill to determine the level of risk posed to fish and other wildlife. While these chemicals can impact ecosystems, drinking water supplies are not expected to be affected.
The oil itself can cause direct effects on fish and wildlife, for example when it coats the feathers of waterfowl and other types of birds. In addition, other chemical compounds can have detrimental effects. Monitoring information allows EPA to estimate the amount of these compounds that may reach ecological systems. When combined with available information on the toxicity of these compounds, EPA scientists can estimate the likely magnitude of effects on fish, wildlife, and human health.
To Learn More:


Hypotonic vs Isotonic vs Hypertonic: Which Performance Solution is Right for You?
Aqualyte Solution 25g
There are lots of different performance drinks on the market and they use different solutions for varying results. Here at Aussie Natural, we understand that you sometimes need a little more than just water to get your hydration levels up and we carry Aqualyte for quick hydration. Today, we're looking at the various sports drink solutions on the market so you know which one is right for you!
Most people have heard about isotonic drinks. They're designed both to deliver hydration and energy to the body and are often used during endurance sports. Isotonic drinks are around the same concentration as human blood. Isotonic drinks generally have around 6-8% carbohydrates and tend to be most useful during short, high intensity exercise. While isotonic drinks are low in sodium, a lot of isotonic drinks are high in sugar and can also upset the stomach in large quantities which can have a dehydrating effect.
While other performance solutions are focussed on hydration, hypertonic solutions have a focus on providing energy. Although they do offer hydration, this is secondary to energy delivery. Hypertonic drinks have a higher concentration than your blood and have plenty of carbohydrates to help fuel intensive activities. Because hypertonic drinks are more focussed on giving the body carbohydrates through salt and sugar, they don't offer the thirst quenching benefits of other solutions if you're dehydrated. Hypertonic solutions are often used as a recovery drink and it's important to remember that if you're using this option while exercising, you also need a drink which combats dehydration. Because their purpose is to delivery energy, they're also comparatively high in salt and sugar so should be used in moderation.
If you need quick hydration, hypotonic solutions are the way to go. These drinks are a lower concentration than your blood and deliver fast hydration for the body due to their ability to be absorbed quickly into the bloodstream. They're low in both sugar because their purpose is to quench thirst rather than provide energy. Hypotonic drinks help replace fluid lost through sweat and are great at preventing dehydration during exercise or when working outside. This performance solution is also gentle on the stomach so you're less likely to experience bloating which can occur when fluid isn't absorbed properly.
At Aussie Natural, we carry a range of Aqualyte supplements to help ensure you stay hydrated. Aqualyte is an electrolyte and hypotonic solution which helps your body replace fluids lost through sweat to prevent dehydration. Aqualyte is low in sugar, gluten free and is available in a range of delicious flavours. We offer tubs or sachets for the ultimate in convenience.
To find out more about Aqualyte solutions, contact Aussie Natural today on 1300 360 332.
Aussie Natural


Union of Sets | Calculate A U B | Calculators4U
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Union of Sets - A U B
In the set operations, let's calculate union of sets A U B. The union of two sets A and B is the set that contains exactly all the elements that are in either A or B (or in both).
Union of Sets


text:
Whitworth Home Page > Physics Department >
Annual Pumpkin-Launch Contest
This the culmination of the students' efforts to apply basic physics and engineering principles to design simple machines that throw pumpkins as far as possible using only mechanical means, such as counterweights and springs. Students are not allowed to use compressed gases, chemical reactions or electrical power in their designs.
Click here to view a Quicktime video taken during the 2004 pumpkin launch.
Students use the laws of physics to predict the potential altitude of rockets they build, and then test the accuracy of their predictions with an electronic altimeter on board the rockets.
Students apply their knowledge of electronics to design unique interfaces to a robot to enable it to tackle problems such as finding and extinguishing a fire, climbing a staircase, or even crossing a chasm.
Whitworth Student Science Club
The Whitworth Science Club is a group of students that have set out to help each other achieve their educational, spiritual, and social goals. Our goal is to build a sense of community in the science department in order to aid the learning process. We will provide a way for students to discuss their goals, and help them plan for the years spent at Whitworth. By working closely with the science faculty we hope to produce a more dynamic educational experience here at Whitworth.


Personal Law
Changes To Civil Partnership Laws – How are heterosexual couples affected?
October 9, 2018
The Supreme Court has recently decided that mixed-sex, heterosexual, couples have the right to choose whether they wish to marry, or be civil partners.
This right had previously only been available to same-sex couples and the Supreme Court has decided that this goes against the European Convention of Human Rights. Therefore, the Civil Partnership Act 2004, will need to be amended to allow mixed-sex couples the option of being in a Civil Partnership. But what does this mean in reality?
What is a Civil Partnership?
Civil Partnerships were created under the Civil Partnership Act 2004, and gave same-sex couples, who were not legally allowed to wed at the time, the right to enjoy similar legal and financial protection as those couples who could marry. Subsequent legislation has been created allowing for same-sex couples to marry, but Civil Partnerships remained unavailable to heterosexual couples. This is now set to change.
Why do heterosexual couples want this right?
Many women feel as though marriage as an institution doesn't reflect their equal relationship due to the roots it has in traditional gender roles. Some women feel as though the idea of marriage means that they are treated as property and therefore the idea of a Civil Partnership will ensure they are treated as equals.
Coupled with this there are around 3.3 million co-habiting couples in the UK, and many of these people believe they have similar rights to those who are married. This is not the case. People who are co-habiting have fewer inheritance, property and pension rights than married couples. Therefore, should they wish, they can now become Civil Partners and receive the above benefits, without having, or feeling the need, to get married.
However, the main thing to remember is that this law has yet to be implemented and will be brought into effect in the near future. Therefore, if you wish to enter into a Civil Partnership in the future, you will need to bear all of the above in mind, and ensure the documentation is drafted correctly, before doing so.
What to do next
If you are thinking of entering into a marriage, but now think you would rather enter into a Civil Partnership, or are unsure of your rights as a married couple, or are possibly looking at pre-nuptial or cohabitation agreements, then please contact us on 01795 472291 to discuss the benefits of a Civil Partnership.
If you are currently co-habiting with your partner, but have not taken any steps to either get married or form a Cohabitation Agreement or Civil Partnership, act now to ensure your inheritance, property and pension rights are protected.
Gordon Johnson


What is a price floor? Examples of binding and non-binding price floors.
Price floors are common government tools used in regulating. A price floor means that the price of a good or service cannot go lower than the regulated floor. A minimum wage law is the most common and easily recognizable example of a price floor.
To intuitively understand a price floor, imagine dropping a rock in your house. The rock cannot go lower than the floor because it will hit it and stop. The same concept holds with prices and a price floor. The price cannot go lower than the price floor. Where this gets tricky is that a BINDING price floor occurs ABOVE the equilibrium price. It may be confusing to have a floor above something, but if you think it through it makes sense. If a rock wants to fall from an altitude of 50 meters to an altitude of 20 meters, than the floor must be above 20 meters in order to be effective. If the floor is at 10 meters, the rock (price) can fall to 20 meters with no problem.
Economics classes want students to be able to recognize the difference between binding and non binding price floors. Consider the example of a minimum wage law in California. Imagine the minimum wage is $8.00 per hour. If a company wants to pay someone $10.00 per hour, than there is no problem because this price is above the floor. However, if a company wants to pay an employee $6.00 per hour, than the there is a problem because this amount is below the price floor. The latter example would be a binding price floor, while the former would not be binding.
Note that the price floor is below the equilibrium price so that anything price ABOVE the floor is feasible. Another way to think about this is to start at a price of 100, and go down until you the price floor price or the equilibrium price. If you hit the price floor first, it is binding. However, if you hit the equilibrium price first, the price floor is not binding is not.
Since our original price floor of $4.00 was ineffective, what happens if we increase the price floor to $10.00? This will raise the price floor line on the graph above the equilibrium price level. You can now see that the equilibrium price is BELOW the price floor, so it is not possible for the equilibrium price to be attained. This means that suppliers (labor) are willing to supply a higher quantity than originally supplied (because of the higher price) and consumers (firms) are going to demand a lower quantity than originally demanded. This results in a surplus (unemployment) because quantity supplied is higher than quantity demanded. As long as the price floor is present, there will be a surplus in the market, and some of the suppliers that are willing and supply their labor will not be able to find a job (a firm willing and able to hire them at the price floor price).
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text: We describe the synthesis of four water-soluble aryl-extended calixpyrrole receptors and report their binding properties with multiple neutral polar guests in water. The prepared receptors present different functionalization at their upper rims and have in common the placement of water solubilizing pyridinium groups at their lower rims. We investigate the interaction of the receptors with a guest series in water solution using 1H NMR titrations and ITC experiments. Despite the known competitive nature of water for hydrogen-bonding interactions, we demonstrate the formation of thermodynamically highly stable 1 : 1 inclusion complexes stabilized by hydrogen-bonding interactions. We show that increasing the hydrogen-bond acceptor character of the guest has a positive impact on binding affinity. This result suggests that the receptor's cavity is indeed a better hydrogen-bond donor to interact with the guests than water molecules. We also assess the important contribution of the hydrophobic effect to binding by comparing the binding affinities of analogous inclusion complexes in water and chloroform solutions. The more polar guests are bound with similar affinities in the two solvents. We compare the binding properties of the different complexes in order to derive general trends.


text:
In recent years, many legal services organisations have developed innovative ways for using legal processes to help disadvantaged groups have more secure rights over their land. The approaches, tools and methods used vary widely across contexts - from legal literacy training to paralegals programmes; from participatory methodologies to helping local groups register their lands or negotiate with government or the private sector, through to legal representation and strategic use of public interest litigation.
While some of this experience has been documented, much of it has not. Only a very limited part of this experience has fed into international debates, and there have been few opportunities for lesson-sharing and cross-fertilisation among practitioners.
In March 2008, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, the International Institute for Environment and Development, and the Faculty of Law of the University of Ghana jointly organised an international workshop to promote exchange of experience among practitioners. Over the two days of the workshop, some 25 practitioners from different parts of Africa, together with a few practitioners and researchers from international institutions and from Europe, shared lessons and learned from each others' experiences with legal empowerment. This report captures the highlights of workshop discussions.
More information here:
Download complete text in PDF format (1,473k) from _URL_


text:
Purpose. The calculation of the angular fields of view (FOVs) of Galilean telescopes generally necessitates the calculation of the pupils and ports. This, in turn, requires knowledge of the optical design of the telescope, in particular, the focal lengths or powers of the objective and ocular lenses. Equations for finding the FOV that obviate the need to calculate pupils and ports, or even to know the lens powers of the telescope, are presented in this article. The equations can be used to find the FOVs in image space of real Galilean telescopes of known magnification, merely by measuring the distance between the objective and ocular lenses and the diameter of the objective lens. The equations include the effects of eye pupil diameter and eye relief. Linear FOVs (LFOVs) of Galilean telemicroscopes are similarly determined.
Methods. Two image space angular FOV equations were derived: (1) an equation to determine the angular FOVs of a telescope with various amounts of vignetting and eye relief; and (2) an equivalent equation for the LFOVs of telescopes fitted with lens caps for near vision.
Results. The FOV increases linearly with increasing vignetting. Increasing the eye relief results in a nonlinear decrease in the FOV, shown as a fraction of the normalized value for zero eye relief. Decrements in the FOVs with increasing eye relief as a fraction of the normalized field angle when the eye relief = 0 are shown to be constant regardless of the vignetting level. A transition of the objective lens from field stop to aperture stop occurs when the eye pupil diameter exceeds the diameter of the objective lens divided by the magnification.
Conclusions. Equations have been derived for Galilean telescopes and telemicroscopes that make it unnecessary to find pupils and ports, or to know the powers of the lenses. They provide a direct and simple evaluation of angular and LFOVs as functions of magnification, objective lens diameter, eye pupil diameter, eye relief, and vignetting, and enable comparisons of actual telescopes.


text:
I've shared several product ideas for Silhouette Cameo and Cricut small businesses: Paper portraits, wood grain ornaments, tooth fairy dishes, and more. Today, let's look at another one: paper cuts. You can think of paper cuts as a paper collage of shapes. I love paper cuts because the supply costs are low and the results can be stunning. I'm giving you a step-by-step to create custom paper cuts below.
- 2 sheets of cardstock – any color. You'll need one to cut and one for a background.
- Shadow box frame – any size. I picked up one on Amazon, but your local craft store and IKEA have cheap shadow boxes.
- Commercial use clipart pack (Optional – you can draw your own if you'd like, or purchase from the Silhouette Design Store.)
Custom Paper Cut Tutorial (Silhouette Version)
- In Silhouette Studio, draw a square (or whatever shape your frame is) the same size as your frame.
- Using the Offset tool, do an internal offset to make your square into a frame. The size of your offset will vary depending on the size of your frame.
- Select both squares and divide them so that you are left with a frame. ("Modify", then "Divide".) Delete the inner solid square.
- Next, open a graphic from your clip art pack ("File", "Open"). I'm using an Autumn commercial use download I picked up on Creative Market a few weeks ago for free.
- Using the trace tool, trace the clipart. (Go to "Object", then "Trace".)
- Copy and paste your traced clipart into your frame. You'll want to make sure that it overlaps your frame slightly.
- Repeat steps 3 to 5 to fill in your frame completely. Be sure to overlap each shape onto all the shapes beside it.
- Once your frame is completely filled, select everything ("Edit", then "Select All") and weld it (Right click, then "Weld"). Your shapes will become one piece.
- Cut your design on cardstock.
- Cut a square the same size as your frame to use as a background and frame it. My finished paper cut is below.
Tips and Tricks for Paper Cuts
- Use a worn mat that isn't too sticky. Overly sticky mats will make the paper cut hard to remove.
- Remember to peel away the mat from paper, not the paper from the mat. This will prevent any paper curling.
- I used spray adhesive to mount my paper cut on the background.
- The possibilities are endless with paper cuts! You could make custom ones for birth or wedding announcements or gifts, add vinyl to the outside of the frame, or use specialty cardstock.
Interested in doing this with a Cricut in Design Space? Check back tomorrow for the step-by-step tutorial and see the baby themed paper cut I created.
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Education Dept. Rule Limits How Schools Can Spend Vital Aid Money
In April, U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos issued guidance suggesting private schools should benefit from a representative share of federal coronavirus aid money.
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In a new rule announced Thursday, U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos signaled she is standing firm on her intention to reroute millions of dollars in coronavirus aid money to K-12 private school students. The CARES Act rescue package included more than $13 billion to help public schools cover pandemic-related costs.
The move comes nearly two months after the Education Department issued controversial guidance, suggesting that private schools should benefit from a representative share of the emergency aid. Lawmakers from both parties countered that the aid was intended to be distributed based on how many vulnerable, low-income students a district serves.
While that guidance was nonbinding, Thursday's rule is enforceable by law.
"The CARES Act is a special, pandemic-related appropriation to benefit all American students, teachers, and families impacted by coronavirus," DeVos said in a statement. "There is nothing in the law Congress passed that would allow districts to discriminate against children and teachers based on private school attendance and employment."
The new rule gives school districts two choices about how to spend their aid money:
Option 1: If a district wants to spend the money on interventions that will reach all students — not just low-income students — it must also pay for "equitable services," such as tutoring or transportation, for all private school students in that district.
This is a hotly disputed interpretation of the CARES Act that would force public schools to put hundreds of millions of dollars toward private school services. According to an analysis by the Learning Policy Institute, this reading of the law would increase private schools' share of CARES Act dollars from $127 million to $1.5 billion.
Option 2: A district can instead choose to focus its share of CARES Act money on low-income students. In this case, it would only need to provide equitable services for private schools based on how many low-income students those schools serve.
While the second option appears to favor low-income students, public school advocates say this alternative is onerous and unworkable for many districts. Some under-resourced schools would be left out, they say, because under the new rule, the money can only go to schools that received federal Title I dollars in the 2019-20 school year. But not all schools that are eligible for Title I aid ultimately receive it, due to funding limitations.
Advocates also say that the rule's additional restrictions would severely limit how the money could be spent. For example, under the second option, the money can only go toward helping low-income students. That means it can't be used to, say, clean and disinfect all of a district's schools because not only low-income students would benefit, says Sheara Krvaric, a partner with Federal Education Group, a law and consulting firm that helps states and school districts understand federal education policy.
"You couldn't use the money to pay existing staff," Krvaric says. "You couldn't do anything district-wide.... So it would be a real constraint."
Daniel A. Domenech, executive director of the School Superintendents Association (AASA) said in a statement, "AASA is deeply disappointed in U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos' doubling down on her flawed guidance." He called the new rule "an opportunistic money grab, using the pandemic environment to advance the privatization agenda."
In announcing the rule, the Education Department lamented that "Most private schools serving lowand middle-income communities are under great financial strain due to COVID-19" and that "more than 100 private schools have already announced they will not be able to reopen following the pandemic, and hundreds more are facing a similar fate."
Rep. Bobby Scott, the Democratic chairman of the House education committee, warned that this new rule "will create more confusion at a time when schools are already facing unprecedented challenges."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit _URL_.


Are you Flying after Diving?
It is recommended that you do not fly immediately after diving.
When a diver breathes compressed air from a scuba tank, the surrounding pressure causes the nitrogen to enter the body which is then stored in the tissues. The longer and deeper the dive, the more nitrogen is absorbed.
Using a safe ascent rate (the speed at which you go up towards the surface) allows the nitrogen to leave the tissues safely after a dive.
When you leave the water, you will begin to off-gas (get rid of excess nitrogen by exhalation). The longer you stay on the surface (ie. not under water but at sea level / one atmosphere of pressure) the more you continue to off-gas until you are rid of any nitrogen.
Going to altitude or flying very soon after diving is the same as ascending too quickly from a dive because the pressure surrounding you decreases. Which means any residual nitrogen still dissolved in your bloodstream may come out of solution as bubbles if the pressure reduction is not slow enough for your body to off-gas safely. These bubbles are what causes Decompression Sickness.
Staying at ground level before flying is akin to doing an in-water decompression stop (waiting at a prescribed depth for a length of time to allow off-gassing). Deeper and longer dives mean there will be more residual nitrogen in your body, thus requiring a longer surface interval before flying.
How long should I wait before flying?
The time you should wait depends on the diving you have done.
The Divers Alert Network (a non-profit medical and research organisation dedicated to the safety and health of recreational scuba divers) recommends a surface interval of 24 hours or more before flying after diving.
This allows for any unexpected problems such as loss of cabin pressure during a flight.
Alternatively, you can follow the minimum guidelines established by DAN and the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society for flying in commercial pressurised aircraft (Sheffield and Vann 2004):
- A single dive within the no-decompression limits: 12 hours
- Repetitive dives of multiple days of diving: 18 hours
- Decompression dives (planned or unplanned): substantially greater than 18 hours
It is important to remember:
- Planning conservatively is a good way to stay out of trouble.
- Recommended pre-flight surface intervals do not guarantee avoidance of DCS. Longer surface intervals will reduce DCS risk further.
- These guidelines apply to divers who have not experienced any DCS symptoms. If you have experienced DCS symptoms, you should be medically evaluated, if possible, before flying.
- If you are diving on holiday your insurance policy may include a restriction and your holiday dive centre or liveaboard may enforce it but ultimately it is your responsibility.
If you are diving with Red Duck Diving, you must inform us if you are flying in the 48 hours following your dive.


1. Add the PushipNotification.js script to the assets/www folder and include it to the index.html file
 2. Add the following code to the OnDeviceReady method:
 Puship.PushipAppId = puship_id; // an example of puship_id might be: "h1mCVGaP9dtGnwG"
 var serverUrl = ""; // the url of production or development provided by blackberry
 var appId = "396-577a13e9r57070Mnn75549ii0ch2r9l41808"; // this appid is provided by blackberry with the url
 var port = 32200;
 Puship.BPNS.Register(port, serverUrl, appId,
 successCallback: function (pushipresult){
 navigator.notification.alert("device registered with DeviceId:" + pushipresult.DeviceId);
 failCallback: function (pushipresult){
 navigator.notification.alert("error during registration: "+ JSON.stringify(pushipresult));
 3. Add these permission to config.xml:
 4. Create a new folder in the www one and name it resources. Once done it copy into it this icon (note that can be overwritten with a custom one).
 5. In case you didn't have the serverUrl and the appId, follow this guide and replace the example values in the previous script.
 6. Create a new application using the Puship Manager to get the Puship App ID and replace all the occurrences of "puship_id" with the actual one.
It's now possible to connect to the Puship Manager and start sending push notification to your devices!
Download a complete example using the link below to better understand the whole process
Adding tags, geolocations management and all the other api are described in the guide common to all the platform that can be consulted at the following link:


text:
Students will have only one username and password for use with MyRCC / E-Learning and Pharos. Email and Moodle will have the same username but the password will be different. We are working toward only one username and password for everything.
Student Username Format
Student username will be first initial, middle initial (if applicable), last name. Your username will be used to log in to MyRCC, Pharos, email, and Moodle.Student Username are made up of the first initial followed by middle initial (if provided) and then last name
- example: John J. Smith = jjsmith (all lower case and nospaces)
- example: Jane J. Smith = jjsmith1 (in case of duplicate, a number will be added incrementally)
- example: Jane Smith = jsmith (if no middle initial provided)
There is a default password to be used the first time you log in to your MyRCC account. The default password is:
- The first 4 digits of your student number
- The last 2 digits of your birth year
- The first initial of your first name (upper case)
- The first initial of your last name (lower case)
example: John J. Smith
student ID #: 118123
birth year: 1987
password = 118187Js
Password Reset Tool
RCC MyID is a web-based application which enables you to reset your Network password or unlock your account for the following systems on campus:
- MyRCC / E-Learning
To access RCC MyID:
- Go to RCC MyID at _URL_
- Using the link above, log in with your RCC username and password.
- You will be asked to enroll, this process must be completed to be able to reset password or unlock account.
- When you choose to reset your password your MyRCC, Pharos and E-Learning password will be reset.
Student Email and Moodle passwords are not available through the RCC MyID web-based application.
Please Note: For new students it will take 24-48 hours after you are admitted to generate/ display your login information. RCC MyID Enroll process consists of choosing security questions.


text:
As much as they may try, some people just don't "get" art. Understanding pieces by even the most famous masters of the genre elude them. Now computer scientists from Rutgers University are taking the guesswork out of understanding art by using an algorithm to determine the most creative paintings, according to a study recently published in the arxiv.
The study authors define creativity as "the originality of the product and its influential value." But creative art only exists in the context of other pieces of art, so the researchers needed to compare paintings over time based on their visual elements, such as the naturalness of their shapes, the scenes they depict, the vividness of their color, and the intricacy of the patterns in them.
The researchers used thousands of these measures on two datasets each containing 62,000 paintings. Such large datasets enabled the algorithm to draw connections between the paintings based on their artistic features as well as their time period.
A chart ranking paintings' creativity over time.
The paintings at the bottom of this chart are less creative (read: more mediocre) while those further up are more creative. Among the most creative for their time: Roy Lichtenstein's "Yellow Still Life," Edvard Munch's "The Scream," and Monet's "Haystacks." Classics by Ingres and Rodin didn't do so well. The authors probably chose to pick out those pieces in particular because they are well known and can provide art lovers with good context for understanding the algorithm's results.
Part of the problem with this type of work, the researchers admit, is that it's impossible to confirm or deny the results—they just are what they are. Though it would be interesting to see if art historians or critics dispute any of the algorithm's creative hierarchy. The researchers say that the algorithm could be tweaked to address other forms of art, like literature or music, in the near future.


Let's suppose that a flight is being conducted under 14 CFR 135. The airplane is certified for single pilot operations, but two pilots who are both rated as PIC on the 135 certificate occupy the pilot seats. One of the pilots is a CFI. Does anything in 14 CFR 135 prevent the CFI from giving dual given time to the PIC while he flies?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Sounds like a 135 operator conducting type transition training to me... $\endgroup$ – UnrecognizedFallingObject Dec 18 '15 at 4:58
 - $\begingroup$ I'm not asking the question in that specific context, but that would apply. I'm asking if anything prevents instruction from being given during operations with passengers or cargo while operating under 14 CFR 135. $\endgroup$ – ryan1618 Dec 18 '15 at 14:15
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ feel free to make that kind of edit yourself too... $\endgroup$ – Bret Copeland Jan 1 '16 at 21:51
It took me a little bit to figure out the underlying reason for asking this question and it has to do with logging flight time. For example, in a single pilot operation with an autopilot, the second pilot is not required and therefore cannot log the flight time at all even though their company may want them there. The FARs don't allow the second pilot to log the time.
The regulation that governs logging of flight time is 61.51.
61.51(h) Logging training time. (1) A person may log training time when that person receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device. (2) The training time must be logged in a logbook and must: (i) Be endorsed in a legible manner by the authorized instructor; and (ii) Include a description of the training given, the length of the training lesson, and the authorized instructor's signature, certificate number, and certificate expiration date.
So the question becomes what training was given during the revenue Part 135 flight and were you an authorized instructor?
The term Authorized Instructor is only found in Part 61.
61.1. Authorized instructor means— (i) A person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with §61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate; (ii) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with §61.197, when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor certificate; or (iii) A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground training or flight training under part 61, 121, 135, or 142 of this chapter when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with that authority.
Since it is a Part 135 revenue flight I would believe the CFI would have to comply with section 135.338 and 135.340.
135.340(a) No certificate holder may use a person nor may any person serve as a flight instructor unless— (1) That person has satisfactorily completed initial or transition flight instructor training; and (2) Within the preceding 24 calendar months, that person satisfactorily conducts instruction under the observation of an FAA inspector, an operator check airman, or an aircrew designated examiner employed by the operator.
If the authorized instructor has complied with 135.338 and 135.340 they are also bound to the training program for the 135 company. If that training stipulates you can give dual given during revenue flights than you are more than welcome to do so. If there is no provision in the training program to provide instruction during revenue flight then it should not be done.
The best option is to request a legal interpretation on the validity of what you are wanting to do.
Short answer: NO
Long answer: In a flight where the CFI is certificated to provide instruction and the two are sitting in pilot seats then the PIC may log any part of that flight as dual instruction. It does not require the CFI to actually say a word in order for it to count as dual; even if he's merely observing, if something bad happens he'll open his mouth or take controls.
Part 135 is more about requirements for operations; it does not affect flight instruction, which is a part 91 regulated activity.
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Nothing here gives any explanation why "no" is the correct answer to the question "Can instruction be given during a {Part 135 flight}?" Are you answering the question "does anything in Part 135 prevent..."? $\endgroup$ – Ralph J Jan 1 '16 at 2:00
 - $\begingroup$ You can't log training time unless a CFI endorses your logbook, per 61.51(h), so there's more to it than just being in the aircraft together (related question). And I assume that in your last sentence you meant to say that flight instruction is regulated by part 61 (not part 91)? $\endgroup$ – Pondlife Jan 2 '16 at 1:54
Your Answer


is not really a mathematical paradox. In particular, what does it mean to be "described?"
But in recursion theory, we can define what we mean by "described" and the size of a statement.
If we could solve the halting problem, we could write a program that computes, for any $N$ the smallest natural number that is not equal to $\phi_n(m)$ for $n,m\leq 2^{N}$. Essentially, we would, for each $n,m<2^N$, ask the halting program whether $\phi_n(m)$ halts, and, if so, compute the value and exclude it.
Say this program computes $\rho(N)$. Assuming the halting problem has a solution, then $\rho$ is recursive, so there is an $n_0$ such that $\rho=\phi_{n_0}$. But then $\rho(n_0)=\phi_{n_0}(n_0)$. This yields your contradiction. $\rho(n_0)$ cannot be the output of any $\phi_n(m)$ with $m,n<2^{n_0}$. But $\rho(n_0)=\phi_{n}(m)$ with $m=n=n_0<2^{n_0}$.
For some reason, I like starting with this informal paradox, and then working from there to try to formalize it, and seeing that, in formalizing it, we've gotten to showing that the halting problem has no solution.
As others have noted, I doubt you can avoid diagonalization at some point. In particular, you are talking about programs that analyze programs, so the "I am lying" paradox is always a risk in such a system.
You might, however, be able to talk about other unsolvable problems. Hilbert's 10th problem, seeking a program that takes a diophantine equation and returns whether it has a solution, would be easy to solve with a really limited subset of the halting problem.
You might also try to find limited subsets of the recursive functions for which you can solve the halting problem.
share|cite|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Translated from article on: Sai Gon Times Online
Investing in urban green infrastructure is a growing trend in many of the world's cities. Cities in Vietnam are also beginning to talk about investing in green infrastructure, which is considered as a multi-purpose solution to their existing urban concerns.
Can Tho City is taking its first steps in urban green infrastructure development. In the "Community training workshop on green infrastructure development" event organized in Can Tho on October 12, Mr Tran Van Giai Phong from ISET-Vietnam emphasized that green infrastructure has a significant role in promoting sustainable development in a city, especially in the context of adverse climate change and environmental pollution impacts.
Mr Phong shared that he had worked with stakeholders in Can Tho from April to September this year to conduct a research on the shocks and stresses faced by the city. The first and foremost shock and stress issue for Can Tho City is flooding, which originates from various causes, including tidal surges, urban development and local rainfall.
Although Can Tho had extended various efforts in addressing flooding issues, especially through projects funded by the World Bank, such as those to build river embankments, roads and drainage culverts to reduce the pressure of flooding. However, as Mr Phong stated, it is critical to develop more integrated measures, ones that can address multiple objectives at the same time.
Besides flooding, Can Tho is also experiencing stress from both water and air pollution. "We had seen a large number of urban drainage infrastructures in Can Tho City, and find that they are often built to fulfil only one particular objective. For example, existing drainage channels only contribute to addressing drainage issues, and the objective of reducing environment pollution has not been integrated," said Mr Phong, who also added that green infrastructure and green space development is an opportunity for environment pollution reduction objectives to be integrated.
Another type of stress of growing concern in Can Tho City as well as other Cuu Long Delta provinces is riverbank erosion. According to Mr Phong, "When we build hard embankment structures along riverbanks, much of the natural landscape value will be lost. Therefore, in many cities, people have tried to develop technical measures to integrate biological elements into hard structures to 'soften' them and to improve local the landscape."
Above: Mr. Tran Van Gian Phong, representative from ISET-Vietnam presenting at the workshop on October 12. Photo: Trung Chánh
Mr Phong also added that urban green infrastructure is not only about the area of trees planted, but also about how green trees can be incorporated in structural measures to at the same time alleviate water pollution and reduce runoff, flooding and erosion. "These are necessary considerations in new green infrastructure projects in Can Tho," Mr Phong emphasized.
Another expert, Mr Nguyen Nguyen Minh, representative from the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) shared that green infrastructure can help to address many practical problems in Vietnam cities. Specifically, green infrastructure will improve the landscape, air quality, reduce noise, promote biodiversity and boost economic development. "Regarding biodiversity, the fact is that in cities such as Ho Chi Minh or Can Tho, there are much less birds today than there were before," Mr Minh provided an example.
According to Mr Minh, CSIRO's calculations revealed that if green infrastructure is promoted further in Australia, it could help to reduce energy use by 20%, and reduce local temperature by 2-8oC, depending on the specific location and time.
Another benefit of green infrastructure development, according to Mr Minh, is that it helps to increase the quality of urban life, thus increasing real estate prices and promoting investment, tourism and trade. "People prefer areas with green coverage. In Australia, people are willing to pay a premium for houses in a greener area."


text:
, but it becomes quicker at night when foraging for food, and when being blown by the wind, the origin of the Thai name "Ling Lom". When startled, it will cover its face with its arms, the origin of another Thai name, "Nang Ai". It is not often that they show themselves in Khao Yai National Park.
Scientific Name : Arctictis binturong
This carnivore is a viverrid in the same family as civets and genets. Its face resembles a bear and it is sometimes called a "bearcat", in Thai "Meekhor". It has a thick coat of coarse black hair. The tail is bushy like a squirrel, earning another Thai name, "Mee-krarork". The tail is prehensile and able to grip branches. The ears are rounded and terminated by tufts of black hair. Hair on the head is grey, but some binturongs have white hair on their face. They mostly forage at night and rest by day in tree hollows or bushes. Usually solitary, it is possible to sometimes to see a small group, such as a mother with a pup. Its diet is fruit, insects and small reptiles. It is an exceptional tree-climber with its prehensile tail gripping one branch after another. It can also swim well. Like the loris, it is rather rare in Khao Yai National Park.


text:
You have always heard that in ancient times salt was like gold, but why is that? Salt is the original preserving mean. Meat cured in salt doesn't spoil, cheese soaked in brine lasts longer, and those foods could then be stored for long travels, colder months, or times of famine. Cervia, a small town on the Adriatic coast of Italy whose main trade has traditionally been in salt, has always been considered a prized domain by the Pope State exactly for this reason.
Salt has been for a very long time a state monopoly in Italy, so all production was sent to be repackaged at a central government facility. Only in the past five years the salt monopoly has been lifted, allowing salt producing facilities to brand their products. So, instead of getting whatever salt you can get at the Sali e Tabacchi store (the designated monopoly outlet where you buy all tobacco products and lottery ticketsand where you used to buy salt as well!) you can pick a local salt, from a given salt pond. Since Cervia is about 2 miles from my hometown, smack in the heart of Romagna, I am partial to Cervia's salt!
The salt ponds in Cervia are fortunately alive and well. They survived modernization and mechanization, and some of the ponds are still harvested by hand, making for an extraordinary open air museum of salt heritage! Sal Fiore (flower salt, the same fleur de sel of French celebrity) is a fine sea salt, still called sale del papa (Pope's salt), as traditionally the first harvested salt was delivered to Rome to be used on the Pope's table. Given this important historic background, the salt producers in Cervia decided to brand their salt as Sale Dei Papi, the Popes' salt. An important name!
In 2004, Slow Food recognized Salina Camillone (a salt pond, pictured above) as a Presidia, to preserve the production, harvesting methods and the quality of the product. Two salts are then recognized as the diamond head of Cervia's production: the Salina Camillone salt and the Salfiore di Romagna, the Popes' Salt.
Both Salina Camillone salt and Sal Fiore are completely natural: they dry by sunlight, and no additivies or anti-caking agents are added to the final productnot even iodine, as sea salt naturally has it! Sal Fiore is a fine salt, the first one to be harvested in the traditional method, and it's a perfect finishing salt, as its crunchy texture and sharp sea taste make for an interesting touch on salads and steamed vegetables. The salt from Salina Camillone is instead very coarse, harvested by hand in limited uquantities every day, from June till September. The Camillone salt pond has been harvested in the same way since Roman times, and the salt it produces is somewhat more humid than other sea salts, making for a terrific ingredient in salt crust recipes.
Cervia's salt is still an artisanal product, not widely available on the shelveseven in Italy! You can find it mainly online, at the official website of the Saline di Cervia, or at this other small online shop, based on the East Coast, Olive Nation. Corti Brothers also carries it online, and the website carries an extensive history of the product!
Filed under: Traditional Foods