text:
Angola Flag Description:
The Angolan flag is divided into two halves - the top half is red and the bottom half is black. In the middle of the flag is a yellow emblem consisting of a partial cog wheel, a machete and a star.
Angola Flag Meaning:
The red in the flag represents the blood shed by Angolans during oppression, the national liberation struggle and the defense of the country. The black represents the Continent of Africa. The emblem's cogwheel represents the laborers, and industrial production, and the machete represents peasants, agricultural production and the country's armed struggle. The star symbolizes international solidarity and progress while the color yellow represents the wealth of Angola.
Angola Flag History:
The current Angola flag was adopted on November 11th 1975 after Angola became independent from Portugal. Angola was discovered in 1483 by a Portuguese mariner and was one of the last African colonies to gain independence. There was a flag proposed for Portuguese Angola during 1967 but it never materialized.
Interesting Angola Flag Facts:
The emblem on the Angola flag is similar to the hammer and sickle emblem on the flag of the former Soviet Union, which is a symbol of Communism.
In 2003, a new flag was proposed for Angola, but it hasn't yet been ratified or formally adopted. The proposed Angola flag is extremely different in design and symbolism.


Sign up ×
I am trying to get cd to accept a directory name redirected to it from another command. Neither of these methods work:
$ echo $HOME | cd
$ echo $HOME | xargs cd
This does work:
$ cd $(echo $HOME)
Why does the first set of commands not work, and are there others that also fail this way?
share|improve this question
By others are you referring to other commands or other methods to use cd that fail this way? – David Kohen Oct 5 '12 at 15:46
_USER_ I refer to other commands – Jhonathan Oct 5 '12 at 16:49
Some notable examples are ulimit, umask, popd, pushd, set, export and read. – David Kohen Oct 7 '12 at 8:10
6 Answers 6
up vote 31 down vote accepted
cd is not an external command - it is a shell builtin function. It runs in the context of the current shell, and not, as external commands do, in a fork/exec'd context as a separate process.
Your third example works, because the shell expands the variable and the command substitution before calling the cd builtin, so that cd receives the value of ${HOME} as its argument.
POSIX systems do have a binary cd - on my FreeBSD machine, it's at /usr/bin/cd, but it doesn't do what you think. Calling the binary cd causes the shell to fork/exec the binary, which does indeed change its working directory to the name you pass. However, as soon as it does so, the binary exits, and the forked/exec'd process disappears, returning you to your shell, which is still in the directory it was in before you started.
share|improve this answer
Which makes one wonder What is the point of the external cd command? – kojiro Oct 5 '12 at 20:09
cd does not read standard input. That is why your first example does not work.
xargs needs a command name, that is, a name of an independant executable. cd needs to be a shell built-in command and would have no effect (other than verifying that you can change to that directory and the potential side effects it may have like for automountable directories) if it were an executable. That is why your second example does not work.
share|improve this answer
In addition to the existing good answer, it is also worth mentioning that a pipe forks a new process, which has its own separate working directory. Therefore, trying to do this, won't work:
echo test | cd /
Thus, you won't be in the / folder after the shell returns from this command.
share|improve this answer
All the commands in a pipeline run in different processes, so in a | b, even if a and b are builtin, at least one then doesn't run in the shell process, but there's no guarantee which which one it is. For instance in AT&T ksh, zsh or bash -O lastpipe, b is run in the current shell process, so your code would take you to / there. – Stéphane Chazelas Jun 22 '13 at 21:01
In addition to the correct answers already given: If you run bash and want to find out what a "command" like cd is you can use type
$ type cd
cd is a shell builtin
or why not:
$ type time
time is a shell keyword
while for example gnu time normally is included in your favorite distribution already:
$ which time
Okey okey you get the idea, then what the heck is type?
$ type type
type is a shell builtin
Here's a bash manual snippet:
 type [-aftpP] name [name...]
 command name. If the -t option is used, type prints a string which is one of
 alias, keyword, function, builtin, or file if name is an alias, shell
 reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the name is
 not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is returned.
 If the -p option is used, type either returns the name of the disk file that
 would be executed if name were specified as a command name, or nothing if
 ''type -t name'' would not return file. The -P option forces a PATH search
 for each name, even if ''type -t name'' would not return file. If a command
 is hashed, -p and -P print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that
 appears first in PATH. If the -a option is used, type prints all of the
 places that contain an executable named name. This includes aliases and
 functions, if and only if the -p option is not also used. The table of
 hashed commands is not consulted when using -a. The -f option suppresses
 shell function lookup, as with the command builtin. type returns true if any
 of the arguments are found, false if none are found.
share|improve this answer
As others have said, it won't work because cd is a shell builtin command, not an external program, so it doesn't have any standard input you can pipe anything into.
But, even if it worked, it wouldn't do what you wish: a pipe spawns a new process and redirects the standard output of the first command into the standard input of the second one, thus only the new process would change its current working directory; this couldn't affect the first process in any way.
share|improve this answer
Your second paragraph is right. But re the first paragraph: why do you assume that shell builtins have no stdin? read is usually (always?) a shell builtin. It is true that cd ignores stdin, but this isn't due to its being a builtin. – dubiousjim Oct 6 '12 at 22:46
Another option are backticks, which place the stdout of one command as a command line argument of a second command, and are more portable than $(...). For example:
cd 'echo $HOME'
or more generally;
cd 'anycommand -and whatever args'
Note that the use of backticks depends on the shell for executing the command and substituting the output on the command line. Most shells support it.
share|improve this answer
The OP already stated, in his/her question, that $(...) works. I don't think it's good advice to recommend backticks instead, since they have much more convoluted quoting rules and are generally more error-prone. (See §3.5.4 "Command Substitution" in the Bash Reference Manual.) – ruakh Oct 5 '12 at 17:01
$() is nice where supported, but backticks are more widely supported across different shells and systems. But I should rephrase this as "another option". – Seth Noble Oct 5 '12 at 17:07
Different shells, yes; but different "systems"? Are there really any shells that will support $(...) on one system but not on another?? – ruakh Oct 5 '12 at 17:14
-1, it does not answer the question at all. – Bernhard Oct 5 '12 at 17:17
_USER_ &Seth: All POSIX shells support $(…). Systems without a POSIX shell (i.e. with a genuine Bourne shell) would be extremely old. Even systems where /bin/sh is a Bourne shell and you need another path such as /usr/xpg4/bin/sh to get a POSIX shell are rare nowadays. Recommending backticks to anyone who doesn't administer ancient unix boxen professionally is doing them a disservice. – Gilles Oct 5 '12 at 18:21
Your Answer


text:
Pharmacists in all practice settings are subjected to numerous drug-drug interaction alerts. Here are some potential solutions.
Alert fatigue continues to be a significant problem for users of clinical decision support software designed to identify drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Many DDI alerts are of questionable significance. For example, a recent paper describing drug interactions in a hospital setting detailed over 1100 potential DDIs.1 The alerts included interactions between aspirin and clopidogrel (nearly everyone prescribed clopidogrel also receives aspirin for its therapeutic benefit), atorvastatin and clopidogrel (an interaction shown not to occur), aspirin and insulin (many diabetics are treated with antiplatelet drugs due to their increased cardiovascular risk, and the risk of hypoglycemia due to the combination appears to be small), and several interactions based on metronidazole inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 substrates (metronidazole does not appear to be an inhibitor of CYP3A4).
Pharmacists in all practice settings are subjected to numerous DDI alerts. At the University of Washington, DDI alerts are issued by our computer system at a rate exceeding 60 alerts/patient/day.2 Because outpatients usually receive fewer drugs, the rate of alerts for an individual patient will be less, but many patients taking more than 5 drugs will have at least 1 DDI alert. Unfortunately, this barrage of alerts causes alert fatigue and a tendency to ignore all alerts.3-5
Several potential solutions to alert fatigue have been suggested; limiting the number of alerts is the most common. This can be done using several distinct approaches. Although no definitive data exist, perhaps the most common method of reducing the number of alerts is to simply prevent certain interactions from alerting. For example, several software programs that categorize interactions based on perceived severity allow users to suppress the alerts for less severe interactions. Although this seems like a
reasonable approach, alerts for interactions that could cause patient harm may be suppressed. For example, if only the most "severe" interactions are selected from a popular DDI database to trigger an alert, certain interactions will not alert (Table).
Individualization of the database to meet the needs of your practice site is the preferred approach. Customizing the DDI database would avoid the problem of misassigning important interactions while reducing the number of alerts from potential DDIs that do not meet risk criteria. Using predefined alert classification criteria in our own system, we have attempted to isolate those interactions where some intervention is required to prevent patient harm.2 These interactions are considered to pose greater risk to the patient than the benefit gained from the combined use of the drugs. Intervention could involve substitution of either the object or precipitant drug involved in the interaction or establishment of a monitoring plan to identify and react to any evidence of untoward patient response to the interaction. Interactions with less risk of patient harm are reduced to lower severity levels.
Using this approach to modify several DDI databases has resulted in a reduction in the number of DDIs categorized at the highest severity by 60% to 70%.2 Certainly this will reduce the number of alerts; however, that is not the primary goal. Rather, we are attempting to reduce inappropriate alerts without removing alerts that are important for patient safety.
User frustration with DDI alert fatigue has led to attempts to fix the problem, usually by employing unsophisticated ways to remove alerts. Lacking a clear goal for the final content of the customized database and the tools to do a credible job of DDI assessment, these efforts, although reducing the number of alerts, often miss alerts that could be modified. This may well increase the risk of harm to patients from missed alerts. Customization requires careful evaluation of an interaction's potential for harm and an understanding of the various options available to mitigate that risk.
Drs. Horn and Hansten are both professors of pharmacy at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy. For an electronic version of this article, including references, if any, visit _URL_.
1. Smithburger PL, Kane-Gill SL, Seybert AL. Drug-drug interactions in cardiac and cardiothoracic intensive care units: an analysis of patients in an academic medical centre in the US. Drug Saf. 2010;33:879-888.
2. Horn JR, et al. Customizing clinical decision support to prevent excessive drug-drug interaction alerts. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2011;68:662-664.
3. Cash JJ. Alert fatigue. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2009;66:2098-2101.
4. Weingart SN, Toth M, Sands DZ, Aronson MD, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Physician's decisions to override computerized drug alerts in primary care. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2625-2631.
5. Issac T, Weissman JS, Davis RB. Overrides of medication alerts in ambulatory care. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:305-311.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


LED, CFL light bulbs compared for energy use, price
September 3, 2012 12:00:00 AM PDT
Nearly 75 percent of Americans use compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Light emitting diode (LED) bulbs use far less energy but can cost several times the price of CFL bulbs. So how do these bulbs stack up against each other?
Many energy-efficient light bulbs come with a steep price, but does spending those extra dollars pay off in the long run? Deciding which light bulb to buy has gotten a lot tougher, and many consumers are confused. Consumer Reports has some bright answers.
Consumer Reports tested both CFL and LED bulbs and say LEDs have some real advantages.
In a test, light bulbs were turned on and off every two minutes. Some CFLs burned out, but all the LEDs went on strong after 200,000 cycles.
Also, unlike CFLs, some LEDs can be dimmed as low as an incandescent bulb. Another plus is that they come to full brightness instantly.
Consumer Reports also tested light bulbs' brightness and color temperature in a sphere and a computer analyzed the results.
"We found that some LEDs have the same warm glow as incandescents," said Dan DiClerico with Consumer Reports.
But not all LED bulbs are stellar. The Miracle LED claims to be equivalent to a 60-watt incandescent. However, it's not as bright as a 40-watt bulb. While it's long lasting, it gives off a strange bluish-white light.
With all LEDs, the big disadvantage is the price. Many cost $20 or more per bulb.
"LEDs are more expensive, but they're designed to last so long - 23 years or more - that you'll likely save about $130 over their lifetime," said DiClerico.
So which LEDs are best? Among 60-watt equivalents, Consumer Reports top-rated two bulbs: the EcoSmart from Home Depot that produces a white light and a 12.5-watt Philips that has a warmer, yellower light. Both cost around $25.
Consumer Reports says prices of LEDs are coming down and are expected to continue to drop even more. Also, unlike CFLs, LEDs don't contain any mercury. That means cleanup is easier if a bulb happens to break.
Load Comments


text:
The Ashy-faced Owl is similar in size and appearance to the North American Barn Owl, but overall darker, grayer, and with a distinctly ashy-gray facial disk. It was once thought to be a subspecies of the Barn Owl, but is now recognized as a separate species endemic to the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Data on the species is still somewhat limited, but it is thought to favour open woodlands, forests, and scrub, including areas around towns and villages.
Ashy-faced Owls prey primarily on small mammals and birds, but also hunt tree frogs and lizards. The population of these owls is declining, largely due to habitat loss, which in turn is a consequence of the rapid growth of the Dominican Republic's human population from less than 2.5 million in 1950 to over 8 million just half a century later. The Ashy-faced Owl is more dependant on forests than the somewhat larger Barn Owl; as a result, deforestation has benefited the Barn Owl at the expense of the Ashy-faced Owl.
The Ashy-faced Owl was first bred in captivity in Germany about ten years ago. In 1997 the Dominican National Zoo (ZOODOM) and the Society for the Conservation and Research of Owls (S.C.R.O.) signed an agreement to cooperate on a breeding project for the conservation of this species in the Dominican Republic. In March 2001, two chicks were hatched in captivity for the first time in the Americas, and seven additional chicks have hatched since.
LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES:
Dominican Republic Owl Conservation Project
Owl Trust - Ashy-faced Owl
| Return to Raptor Index |
RETURN TO COMPLETE SITE INDEX
(or choose from selected popular links below)
| Home | News | Talon Tales | Search |
| Membership | Adopt a Peregrine | Gift Shop |
| About CPF | CPF Projects | Project Track-'em | Education Program |
| Webcams | Photo Galleries | Sightings | Identification Tips |
| Peregrine information | Owls | Other Raptors | Links |
© Canadian Peregrine Foundation

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: Which Is Better Rogaine Foam Or Liquid?
Can Rogaine make you gain weight?
Your hands, feet, ankles, stomach, or face can swell as a result of salt and water retention caused when taking minoxidil.
Water retention may cause a sudden weight gain of five pounds or more..
Does anything regrow hair?
Minoxidil is available as Rogaine or Theroxidil, or in generic form. It's sold as a liquid or foam and in two strengths: 2% and 5%. Effectiveness: Minoxidil works for about 2 out of 3 men. It's most effective if you're under age 40 and have only recently started to lose your hair.
Why should a woman not use men's Rogaine?
The risk is lower for women who use the 2 percent concentration of the drug, as opposed to the 5 percent concentration that's designed for men. It can cause more hair loss at first. You may notice an increase in hair loss during the first two to four weeks of using minoxidil, Yang says.
Can Rogaine make hair loss worse?
Which form of Rogaine works best?
The foam and liquid versions of minoxidil are both effective at treating hair loss and stimulating hair growth. Because the foam version of minoxidil doesn't contain any propylene glycol, it may be a better choice if you often experience irritation, redness or other side effects from the liquid version of minoxidil.
What happens if you use Rogaine and don't need it?
It may have prevented it from getting as bad. If you want to quit using it, you will have hair fall at first. Eventually your hair will just do what it would have done without the use of Minoxidil. You could slowly reduce using it so the hair won't all fall out at once.
Is Minoxidil bad for the heart?
What happens if you use too much Rogaine?
There are also side effects of minoxidil that can occur from excessive use of the medication. In most cases, these side effects occur when too much minoxidil is applied at once, resulting in an overly high level of minoxidil being absorbed into the body. These side effects include: Dizziness.
What is the difference between Rogaine foam and topical solution?
In Conclusion As stated above, Minoxidil Foam is less likely to cause some mild irritation in those with a hypersensitivity to propylene glycol, or with generally sensitive skin. Topical Liquid is a physically smaller product and is applied with a dropper, allowing for more precise application.
Will baldness be cured by 2020?
In Conclusion. Currently, there's no cure for male pattern baldness. However, medications like finasteride and minoxidil can help you keep the hair you have and, in some cases, potentially regrow some of the hair you've lost due to male pattern baldness.
Do you have to use minoxidil forever?
If the patient has androgenetic alopecia (male balding and female thinning), he or she will need to use minoxidil forever. If minoxidil is stopped, the hair will return to the way it once was and progressively get worse. In fact, all treatments for androgenetic alopecia are the same – use is forever.
Will Rogaine thicken my hair?
Rogaine is considered a vasodilator. While the exact mechanism of action for minoxidil (the active ingredient) isn't actually clear, it's believed to work by partially enlarging hair follicles and elongating the growth phase of hair. With more follicles in the growth phase, you'll see more hair coverage on your scalp.
Should you rub in minoxidil?
NEVER MASSAGE OR RUB THE MINOXIDIL INTO THE SCALP, because hair acts like a sponge and absorbs the minoxidil off your scalp. … The propylene glycol in the minoxidil solution will make the minoxidil penetrate the scalp and spread out evenly.
Can I use Rogaine foam and liquid at the same time?
It is ok to switch from foam to liquid. You are using the same strength of Minoxidil, so it should not change the effectiveness of Minoxidil.
What is the most effective minoxidil?
Below, explore the best hair growth products that are fortified with minoxidil for maximum results.Keranique Hair Regrowth Treatment.Women's Rogaine 5% Minoxidil Foam.GoodSense Hair Regrowth Treatment for Men.Nioxin Minoxidil Hair Regrowth Treatment for Women.Shapiro MD Minoxidil Topical Solution.Jan 21, 2021
Which is better Kirkland or Rogaine?
Ultimately, since they use the same active ingredient, and both brands offer it at the higher approved concentration (although Rogaine also offers a 2% concentration which Kirkland does not) it is up to you and what your comfort level is which product you want to use.
Why Minoxidil is bad?
Minoxidil was originally developed by scientists at Upjohn as an oral treatment for high blood pressure. But it had an undesirable side effect: it stimulated the growth of hair all over the body. Researchers reasoned that if hair growth could somehow be confined to the head, the drug might work as a baldness cure.
Do you have to wash your hair everyday when using Rogaine?
Not at all – it is not necessary to shampoo each time prior to applying minoxidil. Washing your hair with a normal frequency is fine but it needs to be more than once per week and even twice a week may not be sufficient whilst you are using hair loss treatment if you have a Caucasian or Asian hair type.


Substation Automation
Achieving operational efficiencies by minimising human intervention
Substation automation involves the integration of operations-related activities like system protection, control and data acquisition into a unified control system. The objective of automating substations is to reduce overall costs and eliminate redundant equipment and database by minimising human intervention. A unified control system in an automated substation includes control of substation systems from one screen; comprehensive protection management; compact system designs; decentralised system structure; no conventional mimic board; numerical protection and control, self interlocking and supervision; modern man-machine interface; operator guidance and maintenance support.
There are many benefits associated with an automated substation. These include less use of hardware and panels, reduced maintenance costs, minimum outages, integration of third-party equipment, lower cabling and installation costs, reduced testing and commission costs, less space and civil works requirement, easy customisation and use, operational efficiency with minimum errors, lower risks, and better power quality.
Functions of automated substations
The prerequisites for selecting an automation system while designing a new substation include a reliable system that is compatible with the vendor's hardware; it should incorporate distributed infrastructure to minimise wiring requirements, it should be flexible and easy to set up, and the substation unit must have a computer to store data and pre-process information.
Automated substations are required to perform some basic functions such as control of bay-level devices and personal computers from a remote control station. They should be able to perform software interlocking, synchronisation checks for circuit breaker operations, on-load tap changer operations, runtime supervision, double command lock out, as well as communication with local and remote control stations. Some of the enhanced control function requirements pertain to sequential switching, automatic changeover of bus bars, parallel operation of transformers, auxiliary services, and control and monitoring. Automated substations are also required to provide global positioning system time synchronisation and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850-protocol support.
The analysis and diagnostic functional requirements of automated substations include relay parameterisation, fault location and records, asset management, failure analysis, sequence of event analysis, automatically generated fault reports, disturbance evaluation, alarm statistics and station-wide data storage.
IEC 61850 communication standard
Ethernet-based IEC 61850 is the first real global communication standard for substation automation systems. It is a part of the IEC Technical Committee 57 (TC57) reference architecture for electric power systems. All the upcoming substations of Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, are planned to be equipped with substation automation systems based on IEC 61850.
The IEC 61850 standard specifies expandable data models and services. It also provides the substation configuration description language, and supports comprehensive and consistent system engineering. For communication, the IEC 61850 uses Ethernet, transmission control protocol and internet protocol. The standard is also open for future communication concepts.
The main objective of the IEC 61850 standard is to ensure interoperability, free configuration and long-term stability in the system. Interoperability refers to the ability of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from different vendors to exchange and use information over a common communications media. Meanwhile, free configuration implies that the standard will support different philosophies and thus allow a free allocation of functions. Long-term stability emphasises that the standard will be future proof, which means that it must be able to keep pace with the progress in communications technology as well as evolving system requirements.
The most important objective of the standard is to reduce overall costs by ensuring interoperability and open IED description, allowing communication closer to power apparatus, and reducing conventional wiring by using LAN.
In sum, modern substation automation technology and the new IEC 61850 standard significantly reduce the amount of manual effort needed in substation operations. According to industry experts, with the introduction of new technology, communication redundancy for substation automation is possible at a reasonable cost. However, there is still scope for investment in research and development to bring down costs and promote extensive deployment of automation technologies.
Enter your email address


Motivate Clients
Organic Facebook Course
9 Chapters 18 Lessons Intermediate
About this course
This course teaches you all about the psychology behind Facebook, how to leverage human behaviour to create engaging content that sells, how to get your posts seen by more people, how to construct a post that will convert, and finally a content creation strategy you can use over AND over again.
Complete the Chapters in the order listed. This Course builds. Skipping to the last chapter will only waste your time as you will need to go back and learn what I refer to in previous chapters.
Course Structure
What is Organic Facebook? 1 Lesson
What is Organic Facebook
What do we cover?
What is organic reach
Why does organic reach matter
How do you grow your organic reach
This chapter has homework and I ask that you upload yours into the Facebook Group Post "What is Organic Reach" for feedback.
Understand your Facebook Audience - according to Facebook 3 Lessons
Understanding your Audience
What do we cover?
What kind of posts people want
When your clients are on Facebook
What kind of posts people want
BONUS: Find your Facebook Insights
Find out the demographics and other insights of your page.
What drives your Facebook Audience? 3 Lessons
What really drives people to do what they do?
What do we cover?
Why people do what they do
Why that matters
How I have gotten that to work in business
BONUS: Deep dive into the Drivers of Behaviour
Access this bonus training on what drives our behaviour - online and offline.
BONUS: How understanding drivers changed a business
Learn how understanding what drove people helped me turn an underperforming business unit around in 3 months with zero additional resources.
Understanding your Benefits and how to use this on Facebook 1 Lesson
Work out what the benefits are and how to align your business with your ideal client
What do we cover?
Ideal customer
What benefits are
Getting you aligned
Reviews, Testimonials & Social Proof - Why it's necessary on Facebook 2 Lessons
Understand the what, why, and how to get and use great social proof on Facebook.
What do we cover?
What types of testimonials exist,
what makes people give testimonials,
what makes a good testimonial,
how to use testimonials on Facebook
Highjacking Reach for your Facebook Page 2 Lessons
Highjack the Facebook Algorithm so your Posts Reach more people
Learn how you can still highjack appearing in the Facebook Newsfeed by understanding how it works and what motivates people to interact.
BONUS: Sharing saved posts
Use these instructions to share saved posts
The Psychology behind when YOU should post for maximum Organic Facebook Reach 2 Lessons
Why timing is crucial
The key outcome of this lesson is to teach the human behaviour around what we use Facebook for at various times of the day.
BONUS: Making the most of the time
I promise you can make time.
Crafting the Perfect Facebook Post 2 Lessons
Crafting THE perfect Facebook Post
This module is to tie everything together and have you writing posts that sell. It's to teach you what to put in the post and where. Use this knowledge with your understanding of when your fans are online to schedule your selling posts along with those testimonial posts and the posts which hijack the Facebook Reach.
BONUS 1: Boosting a post back into the feed without Ads
Learn how to keep your posts being seen in the Newsfeed
Bonus 2: 12 Month Business Activity Plan
So you've got all the pieces, now it's time to plan out your social media.
Powered by Thrive Apprentice


text:
Have you ever made a paper airplane?
Did you learn how to make it from a book? Or maybe it was from the kid you shared a desk with in the third grade?
I fall into the second camp, learning from my friends in school. And for all of the hundreds of airplanes we made, not one of them truly soared the way I expected it to.
How to make a paper airplane
Well guess what? Today I'm sharing links to instructions for making paper airplanes that actually work, along with some ideas on how to help kids invent their own paper airplane designs.
So let's get started with How to Make Paper Airplanes while building Design Skills…
- A few sets of instructions for making paper airplanes. You can get these from a book or download instructions from the internet. Our favorite was The Eagle, and we also tried High Glider and Fancy Flier. I found these by doing an image search for "Make Paper Airplane."
- Copy paper. Thinner paper is easier for children to fold.
- Markers (optional)
- Scissors (optional)
- A clear table
Step One: Select a Design
We looked through all of our designs, picked one to start with, and my daughter and I sat down and followed the directions for the first airplane. If you've ever made origami, it's the same approach. Most of the steps were easy enough for her four-year old hands and mind, but I had to help her with a few of the trickier folds.
If you find instructions that are too complicated for you, then skip them and find another plane to make.
Step Two: Teach someone else how to make a plane
Once we got the hang of it, N thought our six-year old neighbor would enjoy this project and we invited him over to join us. Either that or misery loves company.
We each started with another sheet of paper and while we folded, the kids educated each other on hamburger and hot dog folds. If you don't have a neighbor to teach, teach a parent, babysitter, or grandparent. This step does wonders for building confidence.
Step Three: Iterate and Invent New Planes
Once that first airplane was complete, it was interesting to see where the kids took the project next. My daughter, a designer to the core, got busy decorating her plane with markers. Her friend, a tinkerer at heart who has a soft spot for Legos, began iterating on the design to improve it!
As we folded, he asked me questions like, "On your Eagle, how did you make the wing tips?" And then he proceeded to invent his own series of planes with pointed noses, flat noses, and wing tips.
When my daughter jumped in to help him, I commented that they were iterating. I actually said, "Hey you guys are iterating! Do you know that word? It means that you're building a lot of planes to test new ideas and in order to figure out how to make it better. Can you say 'iterate?'" And then of course, they obliged me.
I swear, the teacher thing will probably never leave my soul! Do you ever find yourself in that mode?
Step Four: Take it outdoors
They tested their planes in the house and once they amassed a small fleet of planes, I heard, "Let's have an airplane show!!" So we took it outdoors to see what the planes could do.
Our friend guessed that the pointy-nosed planes would get more distance and said he was "amazed that the flat-nosed Eagle flew the best."
All in all, we spent a good hour on this project, and in the end not only did these kids have fun bonding and playing together, but they came away with some new design skills, tools for developing an innovator's mindset, and good ol' fine motor skill practice.
A question for you…
Did you ever make paper airplanes as a child? Where did you learn how to make them? And how did they fly?


Since the output can be spend only once, I am confused by transactions containing multiple recipients. For example, if Alice transfers 5 BTC to Bob and 5 BTC to David in the same transactions. In the future, Bob refers to the Alice's transaction, also David can refer to the same transaction. I understand that outputs are numbered in Alice's transaction to Bob and Eve. Therefore the output number and transaction id Tx id uniquely determines whether there is double spend happening or not.
Am I correct? Is the UTXO associated with output and Tx id?
Each transaction draws on a set of [1..n] Unspent Transaction Outputs to spend. These we call the inputs of a transaction.
The transaction then assigns the total value of the inputs to [0..n] new Unspent Transaction Outputs. Each UTXO is associated with the creating transaction and uniquely numbered among that set. The most common script that makes up a UTXO is "pay-to-pubkeyhash", where an UTXO can only be spent in combination with a valid signature by it's recipient.
The value of the outputs must be smaller or equal to the value of the inputs. The difference of those two totals can be claimed by the miner as transaction fee.
To come back to your example:
Transaction A1:
Alice -> 5BTC -> Bob (Transaction A1, output 0)
Alice -> 5BTC -> David (Transaction A1, output 1)
(Alice needs to put in at least 10BTC for that transaction.)
Bob wants to spend his money:
Bob -> spend(Transaction A1, output 0, signature) -> new recipient.
Since each UTXO is uniquely identifiable, they cannot both try to access the same UTXO.
Is the UTXO associated with output and Tx id?
Yes, you're exactly right, each UTXO is basically just a tuple (txid, output_index). Then when that output is going to be spent, you refer to it by listing the tuple as an input.
Essentially, that's why they're called "Unspent Transaction Outputs" (UTXOs), not "Unspent Transactions".
For example, look at this random transaction output I pulled of of the block chain:
txid: 564bb87efc20751dde182b678e848ceaa75ac54fd2eab33808842f40e953f7e6
output: 1
scriptPubKey: 76a9148ab215e3d638357551f5e6e7e3384b56bb355a6c88ac
(Note that 1 is the index, meaning it's actually the second output)
Then when the transaction is spent, the input references this previously unspent transaction output.
ID of spending TX: 57149f629790e61a5fbab9e27041858ada6348aa17323c15b9da9659b90717bb
 "txid" : "564bb87efc20751dde182b678e848ceaa75ac54fd2eab33808842f40e953f7e6",
 "vout" : 1,
 "scriptSig": 48304502205b6d49f0e473e5b6134c9ba55dcfdd9e010a226fb29f89e9f4ff1a2b568a1d4c022100af290372ed889ffff948662d7a5b1f2d6eb29dbdcad260ab53f99aba6b6e46e50121020f4db25f5bd35cb2c541ecdbcdb0e7c0be890cb4e25895612f8a1cbb32216ff0
Your Answer


Skip to content
Definition of LMAO
 1. It is an acronym that comes from the English phrase Laughing My Ass Off and its meaning in Spanish is "Me cago de la risa". This expression is used when indicating that something is very funny. For example: I saw a movie and the whole time I was LMAO.
 2. By extension, it is used as a synonym that something is funny or causes laughter regardless of its intensity.
The acronym LMAO comes from the English phrase laughing my ass off, which literally means "breaking my ass." From that perspective, other possible translations would be "I'm shit laughing" or "I'm dying of laughter". This term began to be used on the internet to mean something that is very funny.
This abbreviation is part of internet jargon and is clearly rude. However, the expansion of its use has led to it being used as a synonym for something that is funny without the need to refer to its literal meaning.
 1. A more vulgar derivation of LMAO is the acronym LMFAO which means "laughing until my fucking ass falls off". In this case, it is a direct use of foul vocabulary.
 2. LMFAO was an American electro pop duo that ran from 2006 to 2012. Some of the group's achievements were, for example, making their two albums among the top three dance albums in America.


ISSUE 90
24 January 2019
Article of the Month Around the World
DNA cryptography in cloud computing
Secure data transmission or sharing data through internet without exposing data to threats is a main concern of modern era. We share data over internet in formats like text, pictures and videos. While transferring data, we have to be sure that data we sent are not exposed to unauthorized threats and integrity of the content is not harmed.
To achieve this purpose many ciphering techniques or cryptographic methods are being used these days, we use these methods to hide or scramble data we share in a way that only the receiver will be able to access the content. One of the futuristic cryptographic methods that can be used is DNA Cryptography. DNA Cryptography uses molecular science and biotechnology to create safer, robust and efficient environment for data transmission. DNA cryptography can be seen in mobile networking and cloud computing.
IIn 2002, LeonardMax Adleman introduced DNA computing to the world. DNA cryptographic algorithms uses one-time pad and the key is obtained by using DNA bases.in order to increase security of the cipher text, DNA look up tables were also established.
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, stores all the information about body features of any organism. DNA is unique for each individual. The bases and bonding in DNA structure plays an important role in DNA computing and cryptography.
In DNA cryptography the data is secured either inside the DNA (in DNA microdots) or using DNA sequences to create encrypted texts which can only be broken if the correct sequence of DNA bases is known.
DNA cryptography solves weak spots problems in storing ciphers and helps to solve some primary NP problems giving hope in creating an unbreakable algorithm.
Cloud computing allows computer programs and stand-alone data to be transferred to a virtual server or the Web for easy user access. Cloud computing is considered a next-generation technology that has revolutionized the computer industry. Cloud computing provides users with a massive infrastructure to perform their tasks and store data. Cloud computing consists of two types of models, the service model (PaaS, SaaS, IaaS) and the deployment model (public, private, hybrid). Normally the cloud client does not want to work with a single cloud provider in due to compatibility issues availability problem and sometimes insider problem. They therefore use several cloud services according to their request. In the area of IT and computer security, application and service security is a more promising area of research. Cloud users transfer their applications and data to the cloud environment. It is therefore necessary that the security methods used in the cloud be better than the traditional methods because of the high security risks and issues. Unauthorized access to data, network and applications by an unauthorized person is the cause of the lack of security and protection of the cloud environment, which affects the productivity and growth of the organization. Determining the level of risk sustainability and focusing on reducing these risks is one of the most important parts of the cloud that cannot be disregarded by the cloud service provider. Cloud computing has some important features that surpass the functionality of traditional services and contribute to the growth of the contemporary IT sector.
As we all know today, data on the Internet is growing unlimitedly. Several serious problems are raised due to that and must be treated with care. Out of these, safety is one of the main concerns. Many organizations and individuals are now using cloud storage technology to back up and share their data over the Internet. Cloud systems are secured using various cryptographic technologies such as RSA, AES or HCC, etc. However, these technologies may breakdown in the future when the data to be encrypted is huge and bulky. DNA Computing can become practical when it is necessary to solve such huge data encryption problems, as DNA has been proven to be one of the hearty encryption data storage devices created by Mother Nature, which effectively provides information to our body and brain on various activities, etc. We will discuss here one of the possible ways to implement DNA-based cryptographic technique to encrypt cloud data, increase accuracy and reduce processing time.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a kind of genetic material that helps to transfer information contained in living organisms, such as small organisms (viruses) to the complex (human). DNA is a double helix structure proposed by Watson and Crick. This DNA structure is made by a long chain of polymer called nucleotides. Each nucleotide composed of three essential components are nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate. Nitrogen bases consist essentially of two types of pyrimidine and purine bases (cytosine, adenine, guanine and thymine).
Advances in technology and the increasing use of the Internet are improving the storage capacity of data as standalone storage devices or virtual storage devices. But this progress also poses some problems mainly related to data security. In cloud computing, we process a quantity of data tints stored in remote locations (virtual servers). Security is therefore a more important concern of cloud computing. Here we are working with a new idea to secure data on the cloud with the help of DNA cryptography.
Data security is a more promising area of the computer industry. Unlimited use of the Internet and the new technological invention are forcing people to think about the security of data or Internet data. In this article, a new approach to DNA cryptography to secure data in the cloud is discussed. However, less research has been done in the field of DNA cryptography.
Sammani Rajapaksha
is an undergraduate of the Sri Lanka Institute of information technology who is currently following Bachelor of Information Technology specializing in Cyber Security, currently, she is working as an Intern - Information Security Engineer at Sri Lanka CERT|CC
1 Statistics on the Internet growth in Sri Lanka
2.The Dragon Research Group (DRG)
4.Shadowserver Foundation
5. Team Cymru
 Beware of Apple Support Phishing Scams
"...Phishing phone calls pretending to be from Apple are on the rise, KrebsOnSecurity reports.
The scam starts with an automated phone call, disguised with the company's logo, address and phone number.
The call will warn of a security breach and ask the victim to call back using a 1-866 phone number, different from the number the call appears to be coming from..."
Windows 7 users get fix for latest updating woe
"...The latest problem occurred on 8 January when enterprise users running Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 with a Key Management Service (KMS) started complaining on Microsoft�s TechNet forums and Reddit that they were seeing two errors, the first relating to licensing, the second networking....."
Intel reported to have a new 5GHz chip that�s literally priceless
'..If the $1,979 Core i9-9980XE isn't enough processor for you, Anandtech reports that Intel will soon have an even more expensive Core i9 processor: the i9-9990XE. But you won't be able to buy it, and Intel won't even have a price for the thing.....'
How was a credit card skimmer used to steal data from Newegg?
'...Security researchers claim the hackers behind last year's attack on British Airways, which affected 380,000 customers, also stole credit card data from online retailer Newegg using a credit card skimmer. How did the Magecart threat actors pull off this attack?..'
Paul Bankhead, director of product management at Google, has told programmers that apps in the Play Store that want access to SMS or Call Logs will start being removed unless the ad-slinger has OK'd the given developer's justification.........'
Month in Brief
Facebook Incidents Reported to Sri Lanka CERT|CC in December 2018
 Statistics - Sri Lanka CERT|CC
Ransomware attack comes with malicious ransom note
'..MalwareHunterTeam discovered the ransomware and the fact the malicious actors kindly offer several forms of payment to obtain the decrytption key, including PayPal. However, if the victim chooses PayPal and follows the link provided they will end up on a phishing page where their account login credentials are stolen. When the target hits send a clue becomes evident that something is amiss. Instead of going to PayPal the payment goes to _URL_ which is one of the few clues that something is amiss....'
Google Keep cheat sheet
"...Google Keep lets you create notes and to-do lists that sync across your computer and phone or tablet. It's remarkably handy in a variety of ways. You can tag and search all your notes so they�re easy to find later. You can share your notes with other users and collaborate on them....."
The cyber-attack that sent an Alaskan community back in time
�..In 2018, a remote Alaskan community�s infrastructure was hit by a malware attack which forced it offline. It was only then they realised how much they depended on computers.
Mozilla Kills Default Support for Adobe Flash in Firefox 69
."..Mozilla is disabling default support for Adobe�s Flash Player plugin in the latest upcoming version of its FireFox browser, marking the latest step in end-of-life for the infamous plugin......"
Notice Board
Training and Awareness Programmes - January 2019
Brought to you by:


Alex Haley's Queen Forums
CBS (Mini-Series 1993)
What caused Queen's mental breakdown?
 - Avatar of boom-moo
 [1]Nov 8, 2008
 - member since: 02/05/07
 - level: 75
 - rank: Rowdy Roddy Piper
 - posts: 135,688
 The reason for Queen's nervous breakdown is not clearly stated in the miniseries. Critics usually claim that she had a fear of fire, which could actually make sense.
 1- Once the war was over, the Yankee captain ordered for the Jackson's cotton to be burnt, putting at end to their way of life. It was the beginning of the end for Queen, since she had no place in the plantation anymore.
 2-Then she witnessed a fire when she was first on her own and sought the help of a group of free slaves, who mocked her. Fate made her be hidden when the Ku Klux Klan members arrived and burned them all.
 3-Later on, when Davis was lynched, he was also burnt and Queen found his body.
 4-Finally, her gown caught fire when her sons were to live the family house.
 However, I think that there is much more to it than a simple fear of fire:the most important thing about those fires is their causes and consequences.
 1-She was asked away of the only home and the only way of life she had ever known, of the place where she belonged, of the family that was her own. In her own words: This was my home. My growin up, my life, my dreams and my nightmares. However, she wasn't loved, she didn't fit. Her mixed race condition got in the way, she was deprived of an identity, she didn't fit.
 2- When she was free and on her own, she found out that the free slaves didn't recognize her as their own either, she wasn't wanted or allowed to stay, to join them, to seek for and give protection, to identify as a group. She wasn't comprehended. Her mixed race condition got in the way. She didn't fit. They fed her like an animal which ultimately saved her life.
 3- Her first love was lynched because of the colour of his skin, and her child was endangered in the process. Mr. and Mrs. Benson didn't consider her an equal and used her to get to Davis. Her mixed race condition got in the way for her to fight to keep her child. She didn't fit.
 4- Despite finally having found a place she could call a home, her sons wanted to leave the house. She was ok with Simon leaving so he could carry on studying and better himself, but she wasn't ready to let Abner go, she didn't want him to go through what she had to: starvation, fear, abuse and whatnot. In her words: He going for a purpose, for a reason. What are you gonna do? End up on the street like half of the nig-gers that go up north? Abner, you my first born, and I love you. But you ain't got no idea of what is like out there.
 In sum, the departure of Abner and the accidental little fire, reminded her of all those other fires (and their causes and consequences) in her life. Causes that were never forgotten: I know I got a few demons in me, and I suppose they won't ever go away, but I ain't dangerous to nobody, except me..Consequences that made her grieve to the point of almost losing her mind. The constant struggle to find her place in the world, to fit, to be loved.
 You must be registered and logged in to post a message.


text:
Philosophy and Religion
Dante's Commedia derives its form and content from the philosophy of St.Thomas Aquinas. It is a philosophical poemthat allegorically examines medieval moral theory, articulated in Aquinas' Summa Theologiae, in order to morally instruct the medieval layperson. This paper focuses mostly around the capital sin of pride due to its important place throughout the work and its efficacy in illustrating the link between Aquinas and Alighieri. The discussion of the sin involves providing Thomas' definition of pride and its opposite virtue, humility, in comparison with Dante's artistic representations. The overall goal is to present Dante's Commedia as an intricately philosophical work of literature that adopts both the ideas and techniques of medieval syncretism as embodied by Thomas Aquinas.
Muller, Frank, "Dante's Thomistic Vision: The Commedia" (2002). Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 162.


Philosophy Of Law: Midterm 1
First Midterm For Philosophy Of Law. Probably The Worst Course I've Taken.
Flashcard Set Preview
Side ASide B
Meaning: Ratio Decedendi
The part of a decision that is binding.The part that is binding is the reason for the decision.
Meaning: Obiter Dicta
Everything in a decision that is not binding. Things said "by the way."
Difference between "a law" and "the law."
A law is one rule.The law is the entire body of state-enforced or legal rules.
Common Law
Often described as judge-made law, because it is a set of principles that judges, over time, have been developed collectively, when they have decided particular cases.
Meaning: Stare Decisis
Latin term meaning the decision stands. The system developed from common law and case precedent. The rule of law from a similar case is binding on the later judge.
Difference between statute law and common law.
Statute law is enforced by the government. Statute law and common law are interpreted and applied by the courts.
Majority Decision
The decision of the court that determines the outcome of the case.
Concurring Opinion
Judges concur, or agree, with the result. But, they may add their own reasoning as to how they came to the same conclusion.
Dissenting Opinion
Disagrees with both the reasons and outcome of the majority decision. The dissent does not determine the outcome.
Tort Law
The private law of actionable wrongs.Tort law requires fault in order to impose liability
"Actionable" definition
Recognized at law as something you can sue for.
Difference in standard of proof at civil law and criminal law.
Criminal case: standard of proof has to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Civil case: Plaintiff only has to prove its case on the standard called the balance of probabilities...
"Per se" meaning
In itself, or intrinsically
Intentional Torts
Are "actionable per se."Examples: Trespass, slander, assault, battery, unlawful confinement, conversion, etc. Purposeful intentional act; inherently wrong (whether anyone is harmed...
Unintentional Torts
The fault or wrongfulness of conduct is based not on what defender knew, but what he ought to have known. Not actionable per so, harm/injury is a necessary element.
Elements of Negligence
1. Duty of Care2. Standard of Care3. Breach of Standard of Care4. Causation5. Damages
Meaning: Loss Spreading
U.S. ModelSociety can bare the cost of a certain injury
Meaning: Loss Fixing
Canadian ModelMeaning "finding where the fault lies."- Identify or locate liability; it sticks to principle
Pecuniary Loss
Monetary Lossie. What are the value of my lost wages?
Non-pecuniary Loss
Non-monetary LossIncludes pain and suffering
Factors of "standard of care"
- How likely it is that someone will be injuredThe severity of the injuryThe social utility; how important is itThe cost of avoidance
Rescue Principles (4)
- No duty to rescue (unless currently working a position it is your duty). - If started rescue, you don't have to complete (unless leaving would worsen their situation)- Rescue...
Meaning: Nunc pro tunc
"Let's just presume it was properly filed."
Meaning: A priori
Derived prior to experienceThe law is not a set of a priori principles.
Insurance Argument
Plaintiff is in best position to know how much money they're going to lose; they know how to assess the risk
Loss Spreading Argument
The loss should be spread out amongst everyone.
Contractual Allocation of Risk
Focuses on the ability of person who stand to suffer economic loss due to damage to the property of another, to allocate the risk within their contracts effectively.
Collateral Benefits
Judge does not care where money comes from (insurance, charity welfare), it ought not to reduce the liability of the defendant. - Collateral benefits are not to be used to assist...
Non-pecuniary loss: Conceptual Approach
Treats each faculty as a proprietary asset with an objective value. Bot or tariff system ($12,000 for little finger).
Non-pecuniary loss: Personal Approach
Values the injury in terms of the loss of human happiness by each particular victim.
Non-pecuniary loss: Functional Approach
Accepts the personal premise of the personal approach, plus attempts to compensate to provide "reasonable solace for misfortune."
When is economic loss recoverable:
- if there is knowledge of the person likely to suffer.- If there is foreseeability of nature of loss. - If there is sufficient proximity.
- Connection between defendant's conduct and plaintiff's loss. - Controls unlimited liabilityVarious forms of closenessIncludes a duty to warnDoes not indicate liability
2 factors determining gravity/magnitude of risk:
Seriousness of injury. Likelihood of injury.
Upgrade and get a lot more done!


text:
example, undoped conjugated polymers such as polyacetylene may increase from 10−10 to 10−8 S/cm to around 0.1 S/cm upon doping. The frontrunner in the conductivity performance of conducting polymers is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which, when doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) or tosylate (Tos), may achieve conductivities of up to 3000 S/cm.
2.2.2. Polymer Concentration
Hiroshige et al. showed that the electrical conductivity of poly (2,5-dimethoxy phenylenevinylene) (PMeOPV) increases with increasing monomer content of (methoxy phenylene vinylene) MeOPV whilst the Seebeck coefficient remains the same regardless of the monomer concentration. In their research, a relatively high Seebeck coefficient PMeOPV was observed at 39.1 μV/K. To date, the thermal conductivity data and of this material are not available. As the (methoxy phenylene vinylene) MeOPV content in the monomer feed is increased from 0 to 100 mol%, the conductivity increases from about 10−3 to 101 S/cm. Figure 2 shows the relationship of conductivity and monomer content. In the case of PEDOT : PSS blend, the trend is the same as the one described earlier. At high PSS content, PSS is the dominating factor and it is responsible for limiting the carrier transport within itself. But as the PSS content reduces, the distance between PEDOT : PSS cores effectively reduces as well and this affects the charge carrier mobility instead of affecting the charge carrier density. This is confirmed by the constant Seebeck coefficient even after reducing the PSS content. Similar observation has also been observed elsewhere.
2.2.3. Polymer Molecular Weight and Chain Length
It is found that the molecular weights of the polymers have a substantial effect on the electron mobility and consequently affect the electrical conductivity. Kline et al. found that an increase in chain length/molecular weight leads to the increase in electron mobility due to the fundamental mechanism of electrical conductivity in polymers, through electron hopping along the polymer backbone. A high molecular weight polymer will promote the charge carriers to move longer distances before hopping to another chain, and because longer chains give carriers more opportunities for hopping to neighboring chains. The decrease in the hopping could result in an increased mobility. Figure 3 shows the polymer samples and their molecular weights which can be correlated with the electron mobility. Also, the thermal conductivity of polymer increases with the increase of polymer chain length as has been shown by Zhao et al. [51, 52].
As a semiconducting polymers, the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature [19, 53, 54]. This is because when the temperature increases, the electrons that are charge carriers in the conductor will gain energy and jump up into higher energy levels. However, these energy levels are all still in the valence band. So the number of charge carriers will not change for a conductor with an increase in the temperature. On the other hand, the charge on each carrier and the electric field strength are not dependent on the temperature. Figure 4 shows the temperature dependence of electrical conductivities of different types of polymers.
Thermoelectric properties of conductive polymers tend to change with humidity. When humidity is high, the polymer forms carriers from the chemical dopants to result in high electrical conductivity. However, this also causes a corresponding decrease in the Seebeck coefficient. Thus, the improvement of the overall is not significant. This demonstrates the difficulty in optimization of the ; that is, an increase in one parameter may actually cause a corresponding decrease in another parameter. Figure 5 shows the effect of humidity (60%) on the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient.
2.2.6. Alignment of Polymer Chains
Alignment of the polymer chains is also known to increase the electrical conductivity of conductive polymers and thus increasing the value [56, 57]. Toshima found that the value increased with increasing drawing ratio. Formation of a cast polymer is achieved through extrusion of a molten polymer through a flat die, onto a chill roll. Drawing ratio is defined as the velocity of the chill roll to the velocity of the polymer exiting the die onto an X-ray diffraction patterns and UV-Vis near IR spectra of a (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-doped stretched polyaniline films suggested that the increase in value can be attributed to the extended coil-like conformation that induced the alignment of polyaniline chains which increases the carrier mobility. It is also found that the stretching can increase the electrical conductivity parallel to the stretched direction twice that of the perpendicular. Similarly, the Seebeck coefficient of the parallel stretched sample is also higher than that of the perpendicularly stretched sample, as shown in Figure 6.
3. Strategies for Improvement of the Thermoelectric Performance
The electric conductivity can be improved by doping the polymers with a sufficient amount of suitable dopants. However, an increase in dopants leads to the decrease in the Seebeck coefficient. As the number of charge carriers increases, the Fermi energy is forced deep inside the conduction band. Some examples of doping agents are iodine (), Fe(III) Chloride (FeCl3), molybdenum(V) chloride (MoCl5), and so forth. It is found that an increase in the conductivity decreases the Seebeck coefficient [31, 62, 63]. Figure 7 shows the effect of doping on the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity.
In 2011, Bubnova et al. optimized a PEDOT : Tos mixture to achieve a maximum of 0.25 at room temperature. PEDOT : PSS is one of the most investigated organic semiconductor, having been extensively investigated for organic photovoltaic (OPV) and organic light emitting diode (OLED) applications, given its stability in air and high electrical conductivity. However, the performance of the PEDOT : PSS is somewhat hindered by the unionised portion of the dopants—typically the PSS dopant has a small ionization fraction, and the unionised portion reduces the carrier mobility and hence the overall thermoelectric power. Kim et al. recently have optimized the of the PEDOT : PSS mixture by removing the portion of unionized PSS dopant using a choice of solvents, thus achieving a record value of for an organic thermoelectric polymer.
3.2. Addition of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
CNTs are known to have a stable one-dimensional nanostructure and excellent electrical and mechanical properties. When it is incorporated into a polymer matrix, the thermoelectric properties of the materials are affected. Kim et al. found that PEDOT : PSS particles are spread on the surface of CNTs bridging tube-tube junction and allowing electrons to travel through the composite and thus increasing the electrical conductivity. On the other hand, heat transport in this system is suppressed due to differences in vibrational spectra between CNT and PEDOT : PSS. The highest achieved was 0.02 when 35 wt% CNT was added to the polymer matrix. The addition of CNT as a dopant beyond a certain threshold also resulted in the decrease of both electrical and the Seebeck coefficient [67, 68]. This is due to the fact that CNTs act as impurities within the material and thus preventing the connection of adjacent particles which in turn greatly reduces the mean free path of the charge carriers. Also, an increase in CNT concentration will lead to the increase in the thermal conductivity. Figure 8 shows the effect of CNT doping on the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient.
3.3. Polymer Composite
Unlike CNTs, the addition of inorganic materials such as Te nanorods, Bi2Te3, and Ca3Co4O9 powders shows different effects. These materials basically have high Seebeck coefficient values. A research by See et al. showed that by adding Te nanorods into a polymer matrix, the electrical conductivity increased, whereas the thermal conductivity decreased. Due to the Seebeck coefficient being positive and significantly higher than pristine polymer, it is thought that the holes were solely responsible for charge transport and that the transport did not occur exclusively through the polymer. The highest achieved was ~0.1 at room temperature.
3.4. Addition of Semiconducting Stabilizer
CNT is hydrophobic and tends to entangle in water which hinders complete dispersion and/or exfoliation in water [73, 74]. Stabilizing agents have been added to water-based composites containing CNT to make the composites more stable. Various types of stabilizers have been used to disperse CNT in water such as surfactants [75, 76], polymers [77, 78], and inorganic particles [79, 80]. The use of conductive polymer stabilizers especially can greatly improve the electrical conductivity and hence increase thermopower.
According to Moriarty et al., the addition of stabilizers such as sodium deoxycholate (DOC) or meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) to CNT-polymer suspension suppresses the thermal conductivity by blocking tube-to-tube junctions which hinders phonon transport. The stabilizer also acts as phonon scattering centers since it is embedded in the composite alongside the CNT. The diameter and length of the tube, morphology of the CNTs, gaps between adjacent tubes


text:
Do you ever dream of being able to fly? The good news is, you probably can! The bad news is, you cannot fly very high or stay up very long.
HOW HIGH CAN YOU FLY?
- Large sheet of paper
- Dirt or stamp pad
- Ruler or meter stick
How high do you think you can you jump? Get some of your friends together to find out.
- Tape a large piece of paper to the wall. (Brown wrapping paper or sheets of newspaper will do.) The shortest person in your group should be able to reach the bottom of the paper without standing on tiptoes.
- Dip one finger in dirt or ink. While standing with your feet flat on the floor, stretch your arm as far as you can and mark the highest point you can reach on the paper.
- Now jump and mark the paper by touching it at the top of your jump. Try it a few times and challenge your friends to jump higher. (Label each person's standing and jumping marks with initials or have each person use a different color of ink or dirt.)
- Use a ruler or meter stick to measure the vertical difference in height between your standing and jumping marks. This is how high you can jump. Surprised?


text:
Translate reward | into French | into German | into Italian | into Spanish
Definition of reward
a thing given in recognition of one's service, effort, or achievement:the holiday was a reward for 40 years' service with the company he's reaping the rewards of his hard work and perseverance figurativethe emotional rewards of being a parent a fair return for good or bad behavior:a slap on the face was his reward for his impudence a sum offered for the detection of a criminal, the restoration of lost property, or the giving of information.
verb [with object]
make a gift of something to (someone) in recognition of their services, efforts, or achievements:the engineer who supervised the work was rewarded with a bonus show one's appreciation of (an action or quality) by making a gift:an effective organization recognizes and rewards creativity and initiative
) receive what one deserves:their hard work was rewarded by the winning of a five-year contract


text:
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dr. K.M.D. Dunbabin
The 'La Ghorfa' stelae from Roman Africa offer a unique opportunity to study the social and cultural identity of an unusual cult, one that combined aspects of the Punic, Roman, and indigenous cultures. The context and origins of the votive stelae were not recorded upon excavation, but stylistic and iconographic parallels suggest that they come from a part of central Africa Proconsularis known as the pagus Thuscae (Chapter IV), and that they date between the second half of the first century and the first part of the second century A.C. (Chapter V). The pagus Thuscae was a geographic contact point for various cultures in Antiquity, and the 'La Ghorfa' stelae demonstrate that these cultures each contributed to the language, artistry, and religion of the region's inhabitants. Punic, Roman, and indigenous elements appear in the sculptural and epigraphic zones of the stelae, including in the depictions and names of the dedicants (Chapters II and III). Unlike their Punic and Roman predecessors, the dedicants of these ex-votos did not place much significance upon inscriptions; only about one-quarter of the stelae are inscribed, as preserved. Some dedicants portray themselves in the guise of a togate Roman, although only in one instance does the nomenclature in the inscriptions clearly belong to a Roman citizen. In addition, the inscriptions do not name the god or gods to whom these stelae were dedicated, although the sculptural reliefs show a complex combination of gods. The dedicants and their cult come from a stratum of society not normally attested in the archaeological or written record.
Moore, Jennifer P., "Cultural identity in Roman Africa: The 'La Ghorfa' stelae" (2000). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1674.


Cause of the Week: Medical Research
 Web banner of medical sign with words "Medical research"Cause sub-categories: Cancer Research (National Breast Cancer Awareness Month), Disease Treatment and Eradication, Vaccine Development, Disease Eradication (World Polio Day, Oct. 24), Pediatric Cancer Research
"Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought." - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Good health can be fleeting, and negative health diagnoses can come without warning. Worldwide, diseases lower the quality of life for patients, their families, and entire communities.
Recent medical advances have improved cancer survivability rates, helped those infected with HIV manage the disease, and find vaccines and treatments effective against new, emerging diseases. Although scientific advancements have greatly improved medical treatments and protocols with research, there is more to be done.
Health professionals, scientists, and medical researchers are working hard to find cures and better treatment methods for known diseases such as cancer, age-related illnesses, and cardio-vascular disease, as well as understanding new viruses and ways to prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
CFC charities run programs to help fund and assist these professionals in ongoing search for the cure to improve lives of the affected and their loved ones.


text:
The pericentriolar recycling endosome is a fascinating organelle. It localizes within the centriolar regions of an animal cell where it does its job of degrading and recycling cell debris, including bacterial remnants. The location of this activity is reminescent of a model for animal mitotic evolution that is shown in this blog. In this model, a primitive cytopharnyx is used to capture bacterial prey by attaching "microtubules" to it that are then pulled back into the cytopharnyx along with the bacteria for consumption by the cell.
On a random note, if eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, there should be evidence for microtubules in at least some bacteria, right? Click here.


text:
Wondering about the number of letters in Belarusian and Bengali alphabets? When you compare Belarusian vs Bengali alphabets you will understand the number of alphabets in both the languages. Because lesser the number of alphabets, faster the language to learn, find all the Easiest Languages to Learn. Belarusian and Bengali Alphabets are collection of symbols or letters used for writing. Belarusian alphabets contain 48 letters and Bengali Alphabets contain 51 letters. The writing direction of Belarusian is Not Available whereas the writing direction of Bengali is Left-To-Right, Horizontal. Belarusian and Bengali Alphabets are the basics of Belarusian and Bengali languages. Check the detailed comparison of Belarusian and Bengali.
Compare Belarusian and Bengali alphabets and find out scripts used by Belarusian and Bengali language. Belarusian and Bengali scripts are the methodology and rules for writing. Scripts used by Belarusian and Bengali languages are Cyrillic and Bengali, Brahmic family and derivatives respectively. After learning alphabets in Belarusian and Bengali you can also learn useful Belarusian greetings vs Bengali greetings.
If you are comparing Belarusian and Bengali alphabets then you need to find out Belarusian vowels vs Bengali vowels too. The number of vowels and consonants in Belarusian are 6 and 39 and number of vowels and consonants in Bengali are 11 and 40. Language codes are unique and are two or three letter codes assigned to each language. Check out all the language codes of Belarusian and Bengali language codes.
Is Belarusian harder than Bengali? No language is hard or easy to learn as it depends on individual interest and efforts for learning that language. When you decide to learn any language, you need to find out time required to learn that language and levels in that language. As mentioned above, while comparing Belarusian and Bengali Alphabets the number of alphabets in any language decides hardness in learning that language.
It's important to know Belarusian and Bengali alphabets because for learning these languages, alphabets are the starting point. There are no levels in Belarusian language. And time taken to learn Belarusian language is Not Available. While the levels in Bengali language are 2. And time taken to learn Bengali language is 44 weeks.
© 2015-2023. A softUsvista venture!


text:
HILMY, YOESRY (2010) PENDUGAAN KARBON TERSIMPAN DI ATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH DI BLOK PERLINDUNGAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG BAUNG PASURUAN - JAWA TIMUR. Other thesis, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Download (87Kb) | Preview
The research aimed to assess the potential of carbon placed on land surface, exactly in standing plants, lower plants and necromass in protection blok of "Gunung Baung" Natural Tourism Park Pasuruan. Data collection was done by collecting primary data, or direct data taken from the field which would be calculated in alometric equation. Measurement in big plot with 20m x 100m dimension or 2000m2 to measure trees with >30 cm diameter, sub plot with dimension 5m x 40m or 200m² to measure tree with size 5- 30 cm, 6 plot measured 0,5m x 0,5m or 0.25m to measure understory (understory), and necro-mass in box 20m x 100m or 2000m² for necro-mass with size >30 cm, necro-mass 5m x 40m or 200m² for necro-mass with size <5 cm. From the research done in "Gunung Baung" Natural Tourism Park Pasuruan assessed biomass stock on the land surface. They were wood biomass ± 9.196,4 understory ± 556,77 and necro-mass ± 271,46. so the total assessment of biomass was ± 10.024,63 Mg haˉ¹ with width 195,5 ha, carbon (C) amount was ± 4.611.32 Mg haˉ¹, and carbon dioxyde (CO2) 17.338,56 Mg haˉ¹ or 17.338,56 Ton. Carbon assessment in "Gunung Baung" Natural Tourism Park Pasuruan conservation blok was ± 4.611,32 Mg haˉ¹ or 4.611,32 ton, vegetation in "Gunung Baung" Natural Tourism Park area had large carbon absorption with value ± 17.338,56 Mg haˉ¹ or 17.338,56 ton with width 138,5 ha area. There suggested further research of carbon assessment in limited usage for 20 ha, intensive usage blok 10 ha, and rehabilitation blok with 27 ha width completing data of carbon assessment in "Gunung Baung" Natural Tourism Park. There needed socialization to the society around "Gunung Baung" Natural Tourism Park area about the importance of forest as carbon savings and forest as toxic absorption element like carbon dioxyde (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxyde (N2O) to decrease quality and contaminate air and environment.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Other)|
|Subjects:||S Agriculture > SD Forestry|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry > Department of Forestry|
|Depositing User:||Rayi Tegar Pamungkas|
|Date Deposited:||17 Apr 2012 06:25|
|Last Modified:||17 Apr 2012 06:25|
Actions (login required)


_USER_{NBERw10241, title = "Bureaucrats or Politicians?", author = "Alberto Alesina and Guido Tabellini", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "10241", year = "2004", month = "January", URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Policies are typically chosen by politicians and bureaucrats. This paper investigates the e fficiency criteria for allocating policy tasks to elected policymakers (politicians) or non elected bureaucrats. Politicians are more efficient for tasks that do not involve too much specific technical ability relative to effort; there is uncertainty about ex post preferences of the public and flexibility is valuable; time inconsistency is not an issue; small but powerful vested interests do not have large stakes in the policy outcome; effective decisions over policies require taking into account policy complementarities and compensating the losers. We then compare this benchmark with the case in which politicians choose when to delegate and we show that the two generally differ.}, }


Contents - Index
Master Pitch Range, Pitch Tab
User Level: Basic, Advanced
MIDI File Usage: Playback, Notate
Normally, you should try to restrict the pitch range to the smallest possible range that contains all notes present in the audio file, but not beyond. This will improve both conversion speed and accuracy. You can use the Auto Detect feature to help set this range. You can in theory specify a pitch range from C0 up to G10 (MIDI note numbers 0 through 127, if the sample rate of the audio file is 44100 Hz), assuming Middle C is C5 (MIDI note number 60), but we don't recommend it. A larger range also requires more memory. For comparison, a piano has a pitch range of A1 to C9. The default range changes based on the range of the Audio Instrument you select. Generally, a 4 octave range is sufficient. Be especially careful not to set the Low note too high; if the created MIDI file contains many wrong notes, try lowering the Low note by an octave. (If you have the Ensemble Edition of intelliScore and you are using an ensemble that contains multiple pitch ranges, the pitch range on the Pitch tab sets the overall range; pitches outside the overall range are ignored even if one or more of the ensembles pitch ranges include them. The pitch range on the Pitch tab is duplicated as the Master Pitch Range in the Ensemble Editor; changes to one affect the other.) You can specify the pitch range by using the slider, or by typing the note value in the High and Low boxes. To set the low note using the slider, drag the slider knob down to the desired value. The value you select is displayed in the Low box. To set the high note, drag the slider knob up to the desired value while pressing the key. The value you select is displayed in the High box.
The first example has a pitch range of E5 - G5. The second example has a pitch range of E5 - E6.


text:
In 1532, when Francisco Pizarro met Incan emperor Atahualpa in what would later become modern-day Peru, Atahualpa's men outnumbered him 476 to one. And yet Pizarro captured him within minutes. He held Atahualpa prisoner for eight months, persuaded the Incas to give him enough gold to fill an entire room to the ceiling and then, when he had what he needed, executed the monarch and took over the empire. How did the Spanish manage to annihilate an entire civilization? The answer is in the title of UCLA professor Jared Diamond's 1997 book: guns, germs and steel. (Also horses: Incan warriors fought on foot while the Spanish rode on horseback.) According to Diamond, the history of civilizations isn't a simple history of "savage" cultures being dominated by more advanced peoples. It is a slow, evolutionary process that results in one part of the world's developing a set of tools that just happen to be more effective than those developed by another.
Next Nickel and Dimed


Filed Under:,
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Retender'
The sale of a delivery notice for the underlying asset in a futures contract. A retender (also spelled re-tender) occurs when the buyer of a futures contract doesn't want to receive the underlying asset, which could be a complicated commodity such as corn or oil. By retendering the delivery, or tender, notice, they assure that the assets get delivered to the buyer of the notice instead.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Retender'
Many traders of futures contracts want to bet on the direction in which they think the price of a particular commodity is going to move. They do not want to actually buy or receive the tangible asset that the contract is based on. Not all futures contracts allow for retendering, and some provide for cash settlement.
Articles Of Interest
 1. Are Derivatives Safe For Retail Investors?
 2. Commodities: The Portfolio Hedge
 3. Interpreting Volume For The Futures Market
 4. How Companies Use Derivatives To Hedge Risk
 5. Futures Fundamentals
 6. Top ETFs And What They Track: A Tutorial
 7. Introduction To Trading Eurodollar Futures
 8. A Fresh Look At The Financial Markets
 9. Introduction To Single Stock Futures
 10. Introduction to Stock Trader Types
comments powered by Disqus
Hot Definitions
 1. Ease Of Movement
 2. Dangling Debit
 3. Cabinet Crowd
 4. Backdating
 5. Abnormal Spoilage
 6. "Just Say No" Defense
Trading Center


Step 8 - Preparing for the Shoot
A few simple considerations will make the production experience easier for all:
 1. Residents, businesses and others who may be impacted by the shoot and any related disruptions should be communicated to in writing within 2 - 5 days in advance.
 2. Detailed photographic representation of the current state of a location should be documented to ensure the property can be restored to its original state after filming is completed.
 3. Those directly impacted by production activities should be contacted to address any concerns. The location manager should speak directly to neighbours next door and across the street.
 4. The location manager must ensure that all relevant permits and permissions are in place.
 5. The location manager must ensure that all parking, unit base camp, access, staging, toilet, security, power, recycling and waste removal requirements have been met.


OJS Vol.7 No.4, August 2017
Sparse Additive Gaussian Process with Soft Interactions
Abstract: This paper presents a novel variable selection method in additive nonparametric regression model. This work is motivated by the need to select the number of nonparametric components and number of variables within each nonparametric component. The proposed method uses a combination of hard and soft shrinkages to separately control the number of additive components and the variables within each component. An efficient algorithm is developed to select the importance of variables and estimate the interaction network. Excellent performance is obtained in simulated and real data examples.
1. Introduction
Variable selection has played a pivotal role in scientific and engineering applications, such as biochemical analysis [1], bioinformatics [2] and text mining [3], among other areas. A significant portion of existing variable selection methods are only applicable to linear parametric models. Despite the linearity and additivity assumption, variable selection in linear regression models has been popular since 1970, referring to Akaike information criterion (AIC; [4] ); Bayesian information criterion (BIC; [5] ) and Risk inflation criterion (RIC; [6] ).
Popular classical sparse-regression methods such as Least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO [7] [8] ), and related penalization methods [9] [10] [11] [12] have gained popularity over the last decade due to their simplicity, computational scalability and efficiency in prediction when the underlying relation between the response and the predictors can be adequately described by parametric models. Bayesian methods [13] [14] [15] with sparsity inducing priors offer greater applicability beyond parametric models and are a convenient alternative when the underlying goal is in inference and uncertainty quantification. However, there is still a limited amount of literature which seriously considers relaxing the linearity assumption, particularly when the dimension of the predictors is high. Moreover, when the focus is on learning the interactions between the variables, parametric models are often restrictive since they require very many parameters to capture the higher-order interaction terms.
Smoothing based non-additive nonparametric regression methods [16] [17] [18] [19] can accommodate a wide range of relationships between predictors and response leading to excellent predictive performance. Such methods have been adapted for different methods of functional component selection with nonlinear interaction terms: component selection and smoothing operator (COSSO; [20] ), sparse addictive model (SAMS; [21] ) and variable selection using adaptive nonlinear interaction structure in high dimensions (VANISH; [22] ). However, when the number of variables is large and their interaction network is complex, modeling each functional component is highly expensive.
Nonparametric variable selection based on kernel methods is increasingly becoming popular over the last few years. Liu et al. [23] provided a connection between the least square kernel machine (LKM) and the linear mixed models. Zou et al. [24], Savitsky et al. [25] introduced Gaussian process with dimensionspecific scalings for simultaneous variable selection and prediction. Yang et al. [26] argued that a single Gaussian process with variable bandwidths can achieve the optimal rate in estimation when the true number of covariates s O ( l o g n ). However, when the true number of covariates is relatively high, the suitability of using a single Gaussian process is questionable. Moreover, such an approach is not convenient to recover the interaction among variables. Fang et al. [27] used the nonnegative Garotte kernel to select variables and capture interaction. Though these methods can successfully perform variable selection and capture the interaction, non-additive nonparametric models are not sufficiently scalable when the dimension of the relevant predictors is even moderately high. [27] claimed that extensions to additive models may cause over-fitting issues in capturing the interaction between variables (i.e. capture more interacting variables than the ones which are influential).
To circumvent this bottleneck, Yang et al. [26], Qamar and Tokdar [28] introduced the additive Gaussian process with sparsity inducing priors for both the number of components and variables within each component. The additive Gaussian process captures interactions among variables, can scale up to moderately high dimensions and are suitable for low sparse regression functions. However, the use of two component sparsity inducing prior forced them to develop a tedious Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample from the posterior distribution.
To overcome the computational challenge facing in Yang et al. [26], Qamar and Tokdar [28], we propose a novel method, called the additive Gaussian process with soft interactions. More specifically, we decompose the unknown regression function F into k components, such as F = ϕ 1 f 1 + ϕ 2 f 2 + + ϕ k f k, for k hard shrinkage parameters ϕ l, l = 1,, k, k 1. Each component f l is independent. Each of them is assigned to a Gaussian process prior. To induce sparsity within each Gaussian process, we introduce an additional level of soft shrinkage parameters. The combination of hard and soft shrinkage priors makes our approach very straightforward to implement and computationally efficient, while retaining all the advantages of the additive Gaussian process proposed by Qamar and Tokdar [28]. We propose a combination of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and the Least Angle Regression algorithm (LARS) to select the Gaussian process components and variables within each component.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the additive Gaussian process model. Section 3 describes the two-level regularization and the prior specifications. The posterior computation is detailed in Section 4 and the variable selection and interaction recovery approach are presented in Section 5. The simulation study results are presented in Section 6. A couple of real data examples are considered in Section 7. We conclude with a discussion in Section 8.
2. Additive Gaussian Process
For observed predictor-response pairs ( x i, y i ) p ×, where i = 1, 2,, n (i.e. n is the sample size and p is the dimension of the predictors), an additive nonparametric regression model can be expressed as
y i = F ( x i ) + ϵ i, ϵ i ~ Ν ( 0, σ 2 ) F ( x i ) = ϕ 1 f 1 ( x i ) + ϕ 2 f 2 ( x i ) + + ϕ k f k ( x i ). (1)
The regression function F in (1) is a sum of k regression functions, with the relative importance of each function controlled by the set of non-negative parameters ϕ = ( ϕ 1, ϕ 2,, ϕ k ) T. Typically the unknown parameter ϕ is assumed to be sparse to prevent F from over-fitting the data.
Gaussian process (GP) [29] provides a flexible prior for each of the component functions in { f l, l = 1,, k }. GP defines a prior on the space of all continuous functions, denoted f ~ GP ( μ, c ) for a fixed function μ : p and a positive definite function c defined on p × p such that for any finite collection of points { x i, i = 1,, L }, the distribution of { f ( x 1 ),, f ( x L ) } is multivariate Gaussian with mean { μ ( x 1 ),, μ ( x L ) } and variance-covariance matrix Σ = { c ( x i, x i ) } 1, i, i L. The choice of the covariance kernel is crucial to ensure the sample path realizations of the Gaussian process are appropriately smooth. A squared exponential covariance kernel c ( x, x ) = e x p ( κ x x 2 ) with an Gamma hyperprior assigned to the inverse-bandwidth parameter κ ensures optimal estimation of an isotropic regression function [30] even when a single component function is used ( k = 1 ). When the dimension of the covariates is high, it is natural to assume that the underlying regression function is not isotropic. In that case, Bhattacharya et al. [31] showed that a single bandwidth parameter might be inadequate and dimension specific scalings with appropriate shrinkage priors are required to ensure that the posterior distribution can adapt to the unknown dimensionality. However, Yang et al. [26] showed that single Gaussian process might not be appropriate to capture interacting variables and also does not scale well with the true dimension of the predictor space. In that case, an additive Gaussian process is a more effective alternative which also leads to interaction recovery as a bi-product. In this article, we work with the additive representation in (1) with dimension specific scalings (inverse-bandwidth parameters) κ l j along dimension j for the lth Gaussian process component, j = 1,, p and l = 1,, k.
We assume that the response vector y = ( y 1, y 2,, y n ) in (1) is centered and scaled. Let f l ~ GP ( 0, c l ) with
c l ( x, x ) = exp { j = 1 p κ l j ( x j x j ) 2 }. (2)
In the next section, we discuss appropriate regularization on ϕ and { κ l j, l = 1,, k ; j = 1,, p }. A shrinkage prior on the { κ l j, j = 1,, p } facilitates the selection of variables within component l and allows adaptive


text:
gives an image in which each pixel represents a sum of all pixels below and to the left of that pixel in image.
- ImageAccumulate[image] pads the image with one row of zeros at the bottom and one column of zeros on the left of the image after accumulating the pixels and returns an image whose dimensions are 1+ImageDimensions[image].
- ImageAccumulate operates separately on each channel in an image.
- ImageAccumulate gives an image of a real type.
- ImageAccumulate[image,Method->"CompensatedSummation"] uses compensated summation to reduce numerical error in the result.
- ImageAccumulate also works with Image3D objects.
Introduced in 2012
(9.0)| Updated in 2014


text:
Executive Assistant to the Spokesperson
Taku River Tlingit First Nation
Posted On: Jan 1, 2023
Advertised Until: Mar 1, 2023
Hours: 72hr pay period
Wage: $25-$35 hourly
Availability: Full Time
Location: Atlin, BC
Contact Name: Taku River Tlingit First Nation
Apply With: Resume
By Email: _EMAIL_
POSITION: Executive Assistant to the Spokesperson
- Provides comprehensive and confidential administrative support to the Spokesperson.
- Oversees the arrangement and scheduling of the Spokesperson's calendar.
- Coordination and planning of all internal and external meetings for Spokesperson
- Prepares all meeting agendas, supporting documents, and records meeting minutes and subsequent decisions for any meetings involving the Spokesperson such as the Joint Clan, CDC, Community and Manager's meetings, etc.
- Books all travel for Spokesperson aligned with organizational policies.
- Post-travel reconciliation of expenses with receipts and submits to Finance for processing and reimbursement.
- Design, prepare, edit, and format internal and external communication, including newsletters, memos, emails, presentations, etc.
- Conducts data analysis and prepares weekly and monthly reports as directed.
- Setup remote calls/virtual meetings through audio-visual tools such as Zoom and TRTFN's teleconferencing system.
- Answers inquiries from members and the public, providing appropriate information and forwarding to the applicable department.
EDUCATION, SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE:
- Post-secondary education in Business Administration or related field
- Minimum 3 years of experience in an office administrator position in a First Nations environment
- Experience and knowledge of First Nation culture and working with First Nations and citizens is essential.
- Excellent interpersonal, communication, and presentation skills
- Intermediate to advanced proficiency in MS Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Publisher)
- The capability to foster and maintain strong relationships both internally and externally.
- Proven experience in project management, with the ability to complete assignments on time, high standard, and within budget.
- Able to work independently with minimal day-to-day supervision as well as working within a collaborative team framework.
- Critical thinking and problem-solving skills
- Ability to maintain a high level of accuracy preparing and editing letters, notices, minutes, reports, etc.
- Class 5 driver's license
- Satisfactory Criminal Record Check
- Work is performed primarily indoors in an office environment.
- Flexibility to work evenings to attend Council and Community Meetings
- Occasional travel is required to attend meetings or training.
- Included after 3 months of probationary period.
- Benefits include extended medical, eyewear, dental coverage as well as an RRSP matching plan.


text:
Stems move air: Phragmites australis
Dead stems of Phragmites australis move air to shoot and root meristems by use of differential air pressure.
|Biomimetic Application Ideas|
|Passive way to move air through buildings, mines.|
> Visit strategy page
From Fig. 4.8: "A. Differential air pressure caused by wind blowing across dead culms sucks air into the lower culms through the rhizomes and into the taller culms. B. Pressurization of new culms due to a build up of vapour pressure or higher temperatures causes mass flow of gasses [sic] down the culms into the rhizome and up into more porous older culms. The movement of oxygen from the rhizomes into the roots and out of the roots into the soil is due to diffusion. (Redrawn from Colmer 2003)" (van der Valk 2006: 64-65)
"Internal transport of gases is crucial for vascular plants inhabiting aquatic, wetland or flood-prone environments. Diffusivity of gases in water is approximately 10 000 times slower than in air; thus direct exchange of gases between submerged tissues and the environment is strongly impeded. Aerenchyma provides a low-resistance internal pathway for gas transport between shoot and root extremities. By this pathway, O2 is supplied to the roots and rhizosphere, while CO2, ethylene, and methane move from the soil to the shoots and atmosphere. Diffusion is the mechanism by which gases move within roots of all plant species, but significant pressurized through-flow occurs in stems and rhizomes of several emergent and floating-leaved wetland plants. Through-flows can raise O2 concentrations in the rhizomes close to ambient levels. In general, rates of flow are determined by plant characteristics such as capacity to generate positive pressures in shoot tissues, and resistance to flow in the aerenchyma, as well as environmental conditions affecting leaf-to-air gradients in humidity and temperature. O2 diffusion in roots is influenced by anatomical, morphological and physiological characteristics, and environmental conditions. Roots of many (but not all) wetland species contain large volumes of aerenchyma (e.g. root porosity can reach 55%), while a barrier impermeable to radial O2 loss (ROL) often occurs in basal zones. These traits act synergistically to enhance the amount of O2 diffusing to the root apex and enable the development of an aerobic rhizosphere around the root tip, which enhances root penetration into anaerobic substrates. The barrier to ROL in roots of some species is induced by growth in stagnant conditions, whereas it is constitutive in others. An inducible change in the resistance to O2 across the hypodermislexodermis is hypothesized to be of adaptive significance to plants inhabiting transiently waterlogged soils. Knowledge on the anatomical basis of the barrier to ROL in various species is scant. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that the barrier may also impede influx of: (i) soilderived gases, such as CO2, methane, and ethylene; (ii) potentially toxic substances (e.g. reduced metal ions) often present in waterlogged soils; and (iii) nutrients and water. Lateral roots, that remain permeable to O2, may be the main surface for exchange of substances between the roots and rhizosphere in wetland species. Further work is required to determine whether diversity in structure and function in roots of wetland species can be related to various niche habitats. (Colmer 2003:17)
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
[Roseau cane, Roseau, Reed grass, Phragmites, Giant reedgrass, Giant reed, Ditch reed, Cane]
Some organism data provided by: ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Organism/taxonomy data provided by:
Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist
Application Ideas: Passive way to move air through buildings, mines.
Industrial Sector(s) interested in this strategy: ConstructionVibro-Wind - Wind harvesting
Timothy Colmer John S. Pate (Emeritus)
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia