text:
For more than 200 years, buried deep within Thomas Jefferson's correspondence and papers, there lay a mysterious cipher -- a coded message that appears to have remained unsolved. Until now.
The cryptic message was sent to President Jefferson in December 1801 by his friend and frequent correspondent, Robert Patterson, a mathematics professor at the University of Pennsylvania. President Jefferson and Mr. Patterson were both officials at the American Philosophical Society -- a group that promoted scholarly research in the sciences and humanities -- and were enthusiasts of ciphers and other codes, regularly exchanging letters about them.
In this message, Mr. Patterson set out to show the president and primary author of the Declaration of Independence what he deemed to be a nearly flawless cipher. "The art of secret writing," or writing in cipher, has "engaged the attention both of the states-man & philosopher for many ages," Mr. Patterson wrote. But, he added, most ciphers fall "far short of perfection."
Well worth reading the whole thing.


- Reading
 Book Review: The Gods Themselves
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 The Gods Themselves - Isaac Asimov
 The Gods Themselves
 Hugo, Nebula Awards for 1973
 So I'm torn when it comes to this story. I liked it, more or less, but I don't really get why it won any awards, much less both a Hugo and a Nebula, other than perhaps the author's name.
 Let's back up a bit.
 This is one story, but it's really also three (which I believe is how it was originally published). The first is about the discovery of a "magic" device that basically functions as an energy pump between two parallel universes with slightly different physical laws. It mixes in academic and some real-world politics, and convincingly builds up frustration and tension for the main character, as well as predicting.
 The second takes place in the alternate universe, focusing on the family unit of a slowly dying out tri-gendered species, one member of which is very loosely part of the research project that produced the energy pump, or at least is the student of one of its important members. Here, we get a species faced with the knowledge of its own slow extinction and the drive to survive at any cost with the moral quandaries that go along with it.
 The third story is almost more an exploration of what kind of society might develop if the moon was colonized solely by humanity's best and brightest. But this is where we fix the problem, or the original protagonist does, decades later, more or less by realizing there are more than two universes.
 At its heart, The Gods Themselves is an idea story, a what if story, a gadget story. Or three of them fitting together into a loose single storyline. And it's a good one, just not a great one.
 I don't find the tri-gendered species as convincing as I would like. Arguably, aliens were not Asimov's specialty, but their reproductive cycle seems to only just provide for replacements. Eventual extinction is guaranteed, even if their universe isn't winding down. We also learn that they don't much care about the inhabitants of the other universe (ours) providing the energy to forestall the slow death of their universe. Well, one of them does, but she is certainly an exceptional member of the species.
 The characters are a little on the two-dimensional side without a lot of growth for almost all of them and the stories themselves are actually a little on the dull side. There's not really all that much action, and the stress and tension is either intensely personal or background and affecting the entire universe without much to tie the two levels together and missing the entire ground in between.
 Overall rating: 2.5 stars. It's not a bad read, but it's not really a good read, either. Only one of the characters really showed some major change due to events and actions affecting them. Sadly, the general sexism infusing things isn't made up for that one character being female and completely integral to the way that particular chunk of story plays out. Written with the maturity Asimov should have had at this point, with a clear view of the 1960s and women as actual human beings behind him, I expected more.
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text:
The Women's Rights National Historic Park District is composed of four discontinuous units that are thematically linked to the early 19th century Women's Rights Movement in the United States and to the First Women's Rights Convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. The four units are the Wesleyan Chapel/Visitor Center and the Elizabeth Cady Stanton House in Seneca Falls, as well as the M'Clintock House, and the Hunt House which are in Waterloo, New York. A small group of women developed the idea and wrote the call for the convention at the Hunt House in Waterloo. Members of the M'Clintock family met with Elizabeth Cady Stanton to draft the Declaration of Sentiments at the M'Clintock House in Waterloo. The Elizabeth Cady Stanton House, historic for its association with Stanton, who became a national leader of the Women's Rights Movement, was also a home base for 14 years after the convention, used for the continued development of the Women's Rights Movement. These two towns, which became the birthplace of women's rights in the United States, were strategically located in the center of the groundswell of religious and reform movements occurring in central New York in the first half of the 19th century. During the 1830s and 1840s, women's active roles in anti-slavery and legal reform efforts (on the latter case, specifically with regard to married women's property rights) informed a growing concern for women's rights on a broader scale.
The Women's Rights National Historic Park was established by the US Congress in December 1980 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 12/28/1980. Since that time the National Park Service has purchased several historic lots around the Stanton House and acquired three additional resources: the Visitors Center, the Chamberlain House, and the Young House, which have extended the boundaries of the original site.
full file on the Women's Rights National Historic Park (Boundary Increase)
To see more photographs of National Register properties go
to our photostream on Flickr.
See our Weekly List
(with previous highlights)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Example sentences for: jararaca
How can you use "jararaca" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - While proteases, phospholipase A 2 and nucleotidases are responsible for the haemorrhagic lesions induced by Bothrops jararaca venom, most crotalid myotoxins are phospholipases and some exhibit proteolytic activities [ 12 ]. Crotalid snakes have a wide geographical distribution, this may contribute to differences in their venom composition [ 8 ]. Differences in venom composition may play a role in the effectiveness of the medicinal plants used for snakebites.
 - The in vitro myotoxicity of the crotalid venoms venoms ( Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu and Lachesis muta ) and myotoxins (bothropstoxin, bothropasin and crotoxin) was neutralised by simultaneous exposure of isolated skeletal muscles to an aqueous extract of Eclipta prostrata or to wedelolactone, stigmaterol and sitosterol.
 - Ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata (Asteraceae) neutralised the lethal activity of the venom of South American rattlesnake ( Crotalus durissus terrificus ), as well as the myotoxic and haemorrhagic effects of B. jararaca, B. jararacussu and Lachesis muta snake venoms when mixed in vitro before i.p.
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Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force (GCERTF)
As a result of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, President Obama commissioned Secretary of the Navy, Ray Mabus to develop recommendations for full restoration of the Gulf Coast. As a result of the report, the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force was established through Executive Order 13554 and tasked with defining ecosystem restoration goals, coordinating government policies, proposing additional actions (where necessary), and identifying monitoring, assessment, research and restoration gaps.
The Task Force is chaired by EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson, co-chaired by Garrett Graves who also serves as chair of the Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority and contains representatives from each of the other Gulf States as well as ten other Federal agencies. Many members of the Alliance sit on the Task Force itself or on the variety of Coordination Teams.
To gather information necessary for development of a Gulf-wide restoration plan, the Task Force held more than 40 public meetings Throughout the Gulf to listen to the concerns of the public. The result was the Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy that was officially released on December 5, 2011.
To review the Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy or learn more about the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, visit _URL_
To sign up to receive automatic updates on Task Force activities and announcements, please email _EMAIL_.
For questions concerning the web _EMAIL_


text:
The word spatchcocking refers to the process of removing the backbone and breaking the breastbone of a bird. The partially boned fowl can then be spread open and flattened for cooking. While similar to butterflying, the process of spatchcocking implies the use of whole poultry rather than a single cut of meat. It is believed that the word is derived from the term "dispatch the cock."
Spatchcocking a turkey, chicken, or any other poultry results in a bird that takes up less oven space, cooks more evenly and quickly, and is easier to carve.
Source: Flickr User thebittenword.com


text:
Article reproduced with permission: Department of Environment & Conservation (NSW)
Weblink: NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
Where can you go to see whales?
During their northern migration, most whales come within 3 km of the NSW coast of Australia. Headlands and lookouts in national parks can be the perfect place to see them. Below are links to some of the popular national parks along the New South Wales coastline where you might see whales.
(the links open a new window on the NPWS website):
Whale Watching in NSW Australia
Whale Watching in the NSW National Parks
1. Cape Byron State Conservation Area
2. Bundjalung National Park (Iluka Bluff)
3. Yuraygir National Park (Angourie Point)
4. Muttonbird Island Nature Reserve
5. Hat Head National Park (Smoky Head)
6. Kattang Nature Reserve
7. Tomaree National Park (Tomaree Head)
8. Wyrrabalong National Park(Crackneck Lookout)
9. Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park Barrenjoey Headland)
10.Sydney Harbour National Park (North Head)
11. Botany Bay National Park (Cape Solander & Cape Banks)
12. NSW Jervis Bay National Park
13. Eurobodalla National Park (Moruya Head)
14. Ben Boyd National Park (Red Point)
Late morning and early afternoon are reasonably good times of the day to whale watch from most vantage points, as the glare off the water doesn't make sighting the tell-tale "blow" too difficult to see. Early morning can also be a good time as the "blow" is often highlighted by the backlight of the morning sun.
Keeping your distance
Vessel-based whale watching is popular in NSW. Unlike Hervey Bay in Queensland, where whales are resting with new-born calves, most humpback whales in NSW waters are actively migrating. Any disturbance by vessels has the potential to affect these animals.
Whales require 'personal space', and harassment may severely stress them – possibly causing accidents both for humans and whales if the whales feel threatened. This is especially important in the case of the adults with calves, which may be either resting or suckling. Research has shown that whales are highly sensitive to engine noises. You should also be aware that during the mating season, males competing for females may engage in rough physical contact.
Whales are protected animals, and if you go out on the water, you should follow the regulations below. They've been designed to make whale watching enjoyable and safe, without interference to the whales.
- Abandon all contact with whales at any sign that they are disturbed or alarmed.
- Do not separate or scatter a group of whales.
- Do not attempt to feed whales or throw rubbish into the water.
- Avoid loud disturbing noises near whales.
- Observe general boating and aircraft regulations and restrictions
Swimmers and divers
It is recommended that swimmers and divers do not enter the water near whales because of the possibility of being injured. However if you are in the water and a whale approaches, do not go closer than 30 m.
Powered and unpowered vessels
- Do not approach whales closer than 100 m.
- Within 300 metres of a whale move at a constant slow speed, no faster than the slowest whale or at idle, "no wake" speed.
- Approach whales from a direction parallel and slightly to the rear of the animal.
- Avoid sudden or repeated changes in speed or direction.
- When stopping to watch whales, either place your engines in neutral or allow the motor to idle for short period of one minute before switching off.
- No more than three vessels should attempt to watch a whale or pod of whales at one time.
- When attempting to watch whales, do not "box" the whales in, cut off their path or prevent them from leaving, particularly when more than one vessel is present.
- Do not attempt to approach mothers with young calves, closer than 300 m. When leaving the whales, move off slowly at idle "no wake" speed until at least 300 m away from the closest whale, before picking up speed.
Whalewatching rules boats approach to whales
Illustration showing whale watching rules for boats.
"no waiting" and "no approach" zones; slow speed from 300m; only approach to 200m if calf is present (100m if only an adult is present). Image © NPWS
Do not operate any aircraft, including ultralights and hang gliders, less than 300 m (1,000 ft) above or near a whale. The use of helicopters is restricted to 400 m and should be avoided: they can cause distress to whales because of the loud noise and down-draft.
The NPWS is responsible for managing marine animals in NSW. Please report any unusual whale sightings to us. For further information please contact your nearest NPWS office.
Australian whale watching rules
Illustration showing how far you must keep away from a whale.
Planes: 300m. Helicopters: 400m. Boats and other water craft, including surfers: at least 100m. Swimmers: 30m. Image © NPWS

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Protective Eyewear in Pharmaceuticals
Article Cited from Bolle Safety
Despite being one of the biggest employers in the world, the pharmaceutical industry is keeping significant occupational health hazard issues under wraps. Accurate figures on the frequency and severity of workplace injuries are hard to come by, raising suspicion in health and safety circles.
"Little is known about the health risks of working in the pharmaceutical industry. On the surface, the industry looks clean. The production of medicinals demands a carefully maintained and sterile working environment and the white lab coats worn by workers add to the illusion of safety," claim Bhusnure et al. in their 2018 paper entitled Chemical hazards and safety management in pharmaceutical industry.
"The appearances are deceptive, though producing drugs and other medicinals may involve exposure to toxic industrial chemicals. And while the finished products may be lifesaving medications for sick people, they can be dangerous to workers who are inhaling or absorbing them during the production process," the paper continuous.
Working in environments where drugs are developed and manufactured put workers at high risk of coming into contact with dangerous substances. Often colorless and odorless, these invisible and potentially toxic substances can affect workers acutely, from one exposure, or chronically, from regular exposure. Airborne substances may be inhaled, where they can affect the lungs or enter the bloodstream.
"Direct contact of the skin and eyes by hazardous substances is another important route of exposure," warns Bhusnure et al. (2018). "The eye is particularly vulnerable because airborne chemicals can dissolve in its moist surface and be carried to the rest of the body through the bloodstream (capillaries are very close to the surface of the eye)."
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is fundamental to maintain a protective barrier around the worker while in environments where dangerous substances are present. Wearing protective eyewear is just one element for keeping the eyes safe from chemicals in pharmaceutical environments. Workers are advised to minimize contact with liquid and solid chemicals and also keep their hands away from the face until they are sterilized. Workers should also avoid wearing contact lenses as they may trap chemicals against the eye surface.
Creating a barrier between the workers and the pharmaceutical environment is not just about protecting people but also the product. For most drugs, vitamins and other pharmaceutical products, it is essential to avoid contamination. That includes human skin, hair, eyelashes or bodily fluids that may be carrying germs, bacteria or other potentially harmful substances.
"People are the biggest source of potential contamination to a sterile cleanroom, so sterile clothing is crucial. As a basic requirement, sterile clothing must help maintain a cleanroom's cleanliness while people are working in the area, by ensuring that particle and microbiological levels are kept below the limits for the chosen grade of the area," says Jaime Cassar, cleanroom category manager at Kimberly-Clark Professional Europe.
In many pharmaceutical environments, protecting the product from the worker is often a higher priority than protecting the worker from the product. Some drugs may have limited harmful effects on the worker but one cough or sneeze could make an entire batch of products unsafe to sell. Therefore, creating a barrier between the worker and the product could save millions of dollars in lost production.
- Dale Bennet


text:
This presentation explores the role of socialist property institutions for the current commercial transformation of the Chinese agriculture. The concurrent existence of collective ownership of farmland and a rapid transformation of the Chinese agriculture from one dominated by smallholding to increasingly commercial and industrialized economies of scale is puzzling. How can commercial investors in agriculture secure the necessary farmland for their operations if they are unable to own, buy and sell land? How has the Chinese solution - and there has to be one since we see a thriving commercial agriculture - been affected by the continuing existence of the underlying socialist property regime? The central argument presented here is that that the transformation of Chinese agriculture toward commercial and industrialized production takes place not despite socialist property institutions but is, in fact, enabled by them.
The presentation first introduces the path-dependent transformation of the Chinese rural property regime based upon collective ownership of farmland and the Household Responsibility System (HRS) since the beginning of the reforms in agriculture in the early 1980s. It describes how new ideas about the purpose and future of agriculture and smallholding triggered a step-by-step transformation of the HRS to allow market-like transfer of farmland for agricultural usage. The rural practice of these market-like structures is then investigated using data from fieldwork in Shandong, Sichuan, Guizhou an Gansu Province conducted between 2008 and 2016.
Dr. René Trappel is a political scientist with a regional focus on China and East Asia. He completed his PhD thesis at Duisburg-Essen University in 2013 and now works as lecturer at the Institute of Chinese Studies at the University of Freiburg. His main research interests include agrarian change, local governance and urbanization.


text:
Few supply chain executives expect to see strategic benefits from compliance. To them, compliance is purely a cost of doing business. These same supply chain executives tend to view global trade management software systems as a technology that enables their supply chains by automating export and import compliance processes.
Export processes managed by global trade management software include:
- screening against sanctioned party lists,
- managing export licenses,
- performing embargo checks,
- sending electronic communications to customs,
- maintaining export classification, and
- driving outbound trade finance services such as letters of credit.
Import processes managed by global trade management software include:
- managing classification codes,
- producing import documents,
- calculating landed costs,
- managing open letters of credit, and
- ensuring import controls.
A company that deploys a global trade management software system can reduce the costs, risks and delays associated with manual compliance and tracking efforts. In addition, the records generated by such a system can easily pass the audit of a government or external agency.
Global trade management software systems deliver five advantages to companies by increasing supply chain efficiency. These benefits include streamlined screening of export orders; the elimination of order processing delays; visibility into landed costs; the reduction of inbound delays; and the streamlining of financial trade. Let's look at these advantages in more detail.
Advantage #1 -- streamlined screening of export orders: Organizations that do not have a global trade management software system must manually screen every sales order from an international customer to ensure that the customer and associated parties are not on the sanctioned party lists published by various government agencies.
Such organizations must also manually check the sales order for compliance with export license requirements. When such manual screening is performed in a high-volume sales environment, it delays the acknowledgement of the sales order and the determination of the ship date to the customer. Such delays can add days to a company's order-to-cash cycle time, affect cash flow and impact revenue.
But consider the company that has a global trade management software system fully integrated with its sales order management system. As soon as a sales order is entered into the system, the system either instantly clears the sales order for shipment or flags it for export compliance issues. This capability eliminates bottlenecks from a manual compliance testing process and frees the company to focus on manually evaluating only that small percentage of export orders that are flagged for possible violations. The international customers of such an organization enjoy fast turnaround on communication around commit dates and experience fewer delays in order delivery.
Advantage #2 -- elimination of order processing delays: Once the export order is ready to be shipped, the organization must still ensure that all required export documentation is completed and that any filing, such as Shipper's Export Declaration, is done correctly. Furthermore, last-minute surprises such as additional license requirements can delay shipments.
Research shows that over 10% of sales orders to international customers get delayed due to documentation or license requirement errors. Such delays hurt customer loyalty and impact future revenue. The delays can also lead to cancellation of outstanding orders. Such cancellations can be very expensive in today's economic environment.
A global trade management software system ensures that all such activities are done correctly and quickly, so that shipments can be delivered on time. In addition, these systems ensure that any customers whose shipments will be delayed due to export violations can be notified in a timely manner. Finally, these systems also ensure that potential fines due to non-compliance are avoided.
Advantage #3 -- visibility into landed costs: Organizations that lack a global trade management software system must compute landed costs manually. Since manually tracking and determining landed costs is a time-intensive and error-prone process, most organizations lack clear visibility into actual landed costs for a shipment.
As a result, actual costs do not always get factored into decisions on product pricing, rebates and discounts. This means that an organization could be losing money on a product it thinks is profitable.
Clear visibility into landed costs can also help a company design an economically efficient supply chain by locating plants and assembly sites in countries where landed cost is lower due to smaller import duties on components. A global trade management software system provides clear visibility into landed costs for a product and improves the organization's ability to make business decisions.
Advantage #4 -- reduction of inbound delays: An import shipment that lacks accurate paperwork can be significantly delayed at customs. If an organization experiences such delays frequently, it is forced to either carry excess inventory or incur more stock-outs. Delays in inbound shipments are particularly expensive for companies in industries where product life cycles are extremely short, such as high tech or fashion.
Advantage #5 -- streamlining financial trade: Letters of credit are critical to doing business with an international customer. However, recent studies have shown that up to 70% of all Letter of Credit documents submitted to the bank for payment are rejected upon first presentation due to incorrectly issued documentation. This leads to payment delays and additional fees.
With working capital so hard to raise in today's tight credit environment, any delay in collecting cash from international shipments due to incorrect or incomplete documentation against a letter of credit can be expensive. A global trade management software system streamlines the process for collecting and filing such documentation and ensures that the set of papers is correct and complete every time.
About the author: Jessie Chimni is vice president of North America Consulting Services for Bristlecone, a leading supply chain consulting firm. Bristlecone brings expertise across the entire spectrum of supply chain, including demand and supply planning, network collaboration, sourcing, eProcurement, global trade management, spend analytics and supply chain performance management.


text:
The Krishi Vignana Kendra of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) has developed a precision farming module for bitter gourd cultivation with a view to lowering pesticide contamination and ensuring increased availability of locally produced bitter gourd in the market.
The process involves 'fertigation,' through which water-soluble nutrients and organic compounds are supplied to the root zone through drip irrigation. The Venturi system is connected to drip irrigation pipes to mix water-soluble nutrients and organic compounds with water.
Plastic mulching is used to cover planting beds, which in turn helps conserve moisture and control weeds. The method helps prevent nutrient loss and reduce the labour required for weed management. Water-soluble nutrients are supplied through drip irrigation tubes every three days in 30-35 split doses, whereas in traditional farming it is applied in 3-4 split doses.
'Pheromone traps' are used for controlling fruit fly and 'yellow sticky traps' are used against white flies. Neem oil spray is also done as an organic pest repellent.
Nutrient-rich bitter gourd is effective in preventing lifestyle diseases. Since bitter gourd is very much susceptible to diseases and pests, there is indiscriminate use of pesticides, particularly in commercial farming.
CMFRI develops module involving fertigation
Pesticides widely used in farming of bitter gourd


Question: How Many Planes Are In The Air Right Now Map?
Do pilots wear diapers?
Why do planes fly over water instead of land?
At lower levels, being over sea would typically offer less turbulence, in part because as the ground warms you can encounter rising air thermals. Generally, airliners fly whatever route provides the shortest time, which is not always the shortest distance, often called the Great Circle route.
What do pilots say before landing?
Before, or during the descent, the Captain will usually make an announcement with local time and temperature at the destination airport, and time left until arrival. It is followed by an announcement from the flight attendant. … "Cabin crew, please take your seats for landing."
Do military planes show up on flight radar?
Operators of private or sensitive aircraft may request their tracking details be restricted or not displayed. Generally, aircraft requesting that they not be displayed on Flightradar24 are military aircraft. Some military aircraft, such as various transport aircraft, are visible.
How many planes are there in the air at any one time?
9,728 planesFurthermore, aviation data companies such as FlightAware keep track of all of the aircrafts in the sky. According to their statistics last year (2017) there were an average of 9,728 planes in the sky at any given time, responsible for carry about 1,270,406 people. Over a million people in the sky at one time!
Why are more planes flying over my house?
Why am I suddenly getting more aircraft going over my house than previously? Aircraft take off and land into the wind, or with minimal tail wind. As a result, the wind direction dictates the selection of runway(s) in use at any time. This in turn determines which flight paths are used.
Do pilots get scared of flying?
However, pilots can also be afraid while flying, an aviator has revealed. Pilot Patrick Smith revealed the part of commanding a plane that fills him with the most dread. He explained in his book Cockpit Confidential that it's all about how much control a pilot has.
Do planes fly lower at night?
2 Many pilots plan for a higher cruising altitude at night, simply because suitable emergency landing sites may be fewer and farther between. The difference between cruise at 8,500 and 10,500 feet may not seem like much until you have to glide back to Earth at 800-900 fpm without power.
Why are planes flying so low?
Why are the airplanes flying so low over my house? Aircraft are limited in the direction they fly because they must land into the wind. Therefore, the flexibility of air traffic is dependant on the wind patterns of the day or, even, the hour, as winds can change rapidly.
Do pilots sleep while flying?
Why do airplanes fly in circles?
Why? Answer: The maneuver you describe is usually either a 360 degree turn issued by the air traffic controller to increase spacing between your flight and another airplane, or it was one turn in a holding pattern. The one turn in a holding can occur when the expected hold time is reduced, requiring only a single turn.
Which airline has the most planes?
Do police helicopters show on flight radar?
How do you find out what planes are flying overhead?
Zoom into your location. Place two fingers on the screen and move them away from each other to zoom into your specific area. This will allow you to clearly see which planes are flying overhead, especially useful when there are several plane icons crowding the map.
What are the blue planes on flight radar?
Why are some aircraft shown as blue on the map? Aircraft displayed as blue icons are currently being tracked via satellite. Satellites are collecting the ADS-B signals from aircraft and transmitting them to the Flightradar24 network.
Is it unhealthy to live under a flight path?
Exposure to loud noise from living under a flight path over a long period of time may increase the risk of developing high blood pressure or having a stroke, a new study suggests.
How many planes crashed in 2019?
In 2019 there were 86 accidents involving large commercial planes, including eight fatal incidents, resulting in 257 fatalities, Dutch aviation consultancy To70 said. The 157 people killed in a crash involving Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 in March accounted for more than half of those deaths.
How many planes have crashed?
Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)YearDeathsNumber of incidents2016629102201739910120181,040113201957812547 more rows
How many planes in the sky right now?
Can Siri tell you what planes are overhead?
Since then, Apple has streamlined the command along the way. The next time you see planes overhead and are curious where it's heading, activate Siri and ask "What planes are overhead?" That's it. A few seconds later a chart detailing the airline, flight number, altitude, and degrees off the horizon will show up.
Can you track Air Force 1?


Take the 2-minute tour ×
On some websites, there are fixed mini contact forms on the bottom corner of a web page. An example website is Olark.
I couldn't find out the name of this kind of form apps.
Does anybody know what they are called and is there any ready made component or tutorial how to implement them?
Contact form minimized on the corner
Contact form expanded
Note: There is a similar widget question here as well: What is the online survey/feedback widget that looks like "[+]" (a crosshair) in the bottom right
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1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
This is simply DOM manipulation using - more often than not using a JavaScript library like or similar.
The HTML containing the form (or whatever content) is hidden until the action element is clicked revealing the hidden content (either immediately or with a transition).
Some examples can be found here:
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.NET Installer that automatically installs MSDE
By, 26 Jul 2008
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Often programmers want to build a single installer package that can install the application along with prerequisites and database. Fortunately for database, programmers can use MSDE which can be distributed along with your application, but MSDE lacks user interface so to configure it often we need to use command line.
This is the scenario:
 1. A programmer wants a single package that automatically installs.NET Framework and then installs MSDE and uses the database for the application that a programmer writes.
 2. In this tutorial, the installation will create a new database instance, with a name specified by the programmer, and it can detect whether this instance exists and as for removal, so for safety programmer just create a unique database instance name.
 3. The library then automatically attaches the database to this newly installed database instance. First I have written two projects which are required to be included in your solution. First is JohnKenedy.DataAccess and second is JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule. This is because the installation code is coming along with this library.
 4. The goal of this project is, user gets the installation files, double clicks the EXE, and clicks next and next following the instruction without the need to understand how to connect database, the database name, username, password and so on, user just clicks next and next, the application will install the.NET prerequisites, the database, and attach the database that programmer has created all automatically, and the application that programmer writes, runs and connects to the database without user knowing how to configure them. What user needs to know is only how to use the application that the programmer writes.
 1. Download the sample code I attach and extract it to D:\Software Pekerjaan\Makanan (I use for this example.)
 2. Assume the MenuMakanan project is the Windows Application project that you are creating and which is going to be deployed. From this project, add reference to library named JohnKenedy.DataAccess.
 3. Download MSDE by clicking here. Double click the.exe and by default it will extract to your C:\sql2ksp3. Copy the extracted contents to MenuMakanan project bin\debug\MSDE2000 folder.
 4. Detach your application's database to become MDF file, and copy the MDF file only to MenuMakanan project bin\debug\MSDE2000 folder. For this example, it is Food_Data.MDF which is contained in the download for example.
 5. In your application (MenuMakanan), add an Application Configuration file or app.config (in this sample, it already exists), and create two new keys in AppSettings section, read App.Config in sample for more information. Remember to set IsInstall=0, and IsRestart=0 as follows, because this will tell your application to install before running, IsRestart will be 1 if it is finished installing and requires to restart your computer so that the newly installed MSDE service is running.

 6. In your startup Form or form that is first run when application starts in this example is Login.cs, in the constructor after InitialilzeComponent, add codes that look like this:
 public Login()
 Installation _ins = new Installation(
 "Food", "JOHN", "MenuMakanan", "Food",
 if (_ins.IsDone == false) _ins.ShowDialog();
 if (_ins.IsRestart == true)
 3. Third is MenuMakanan, which is the new database instance that will be installed, this is similar with (local)\SQLExpress database instance that Microsoft installed when we install VS 2005, though this one is MSDE one. This name must be unique, and this database instance will only contain one database name which will be defined in the fourth parameter, and be used by your application only.
 5. Fifth is JOHNKENEDYDAL, which is the sa password for the newly installed MSDE, this password is required when you use Enterprise Manager (SQL 2000) to connect to the database instance.
 6. Food_Data.MDF is your MDF file name, that is stored in MenuMakanan project bin\debug\MSDE2000 folder. You can change this as it suits you.
Create Setup and Deployment Package
 1. Create a new Setup and Deployment project, in this sample it already exists with name SetupMakanan.
 2. In the application folder, create a new folder name MSDE2000, and inside this folder create three folder names Msi, MSM, and Setup. Then inside MSM folder, create a folder names 1033. This structure is the same with the MSDE extracted folder earlier in Step 3, we then add files to these folders MSDE2000, Msi, MSM, 1033, and Setup folder according to the MSDE extracted folders.
 3. Add Food_Data.MDF to MSDE2000 folder, because the Installation class will look for the filename in this folder. After step two and three, it will look like:
 Click here for a bigger image
 5. And then select the second radio button. Download prerequisites from the same location in my application. Click OK, and save.
 6. Build your whole solution, and then build SetupMakanan project, and you will see in SetupMakanan project debug folder Setup.exe SetupMakanan.msi, and two new folders, one is Windows Installer 3_1 and another is DotNetFX35 which are the.NET prerequisites.
This library is not fully for Installation, instead the library has Data Access feature, which article can be found here.
Installation is one of the features in the library I developed recently. I have tested the Setup package in a computer that never had.NET and database installed, and it did successfully install.NET and MSDE and run the application smoothly.
About the Author
John Kenedy S.Kom
Software Developer (Senior)
Singapore Singapore
Comments and Discussions
GeneralAbout Setup Pinmemberrentcoder20-Mar-09 0:48
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QuestionWhy MSDE? PinmemberPaul Conrad27-Jul-08 10:31
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HAND-HELD computers have many uses -- but who would have thought they could take art home from a museum?
That is just what is happening at the current Biennial exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. At a special kiosk, visitors can download ''Tap,'' a digital artwork by James Buckhouse, into electronic organizers equipped with the Palm operating system, and with that download, receive their own digital dancer (male or female, the viewer picks). The dancer practices, learns from other dancers and gives recitals.
Technology in museums, especially the artistic kind, has traditionally meant audio guides. This was not a deliberate oversight; many museums began testing an array of Jetsons-style gadgetry a few years ago, but the dot-com bust and the economic downturn have delayed progress. Museums are now slowly recapturing their momentum. Many are experimenting with the latest technology, and soon their galleries may be wired (or go wireless) for the Internet, allowing visitors to use their hand-held computers to download information about an entire collection or a single object, to explore a museum's hidden archives or bookmark Web pages.
The Exploratorium, a science and art museum in San Francisco, is developing the Electronic Guidebook Project, which will not only allow visitors to download additional material on their hand-held computers, but also create a password-protected personal Web page, meaning people can revisit their own selection of the museum's collections from any computer.
The American Museum of the Moving Image in New York is testing eDocent, a wireless network in its galleries that will allow visitors to download information into their hand-held computers and bookmark Web pages. The network may also give audiences viewings of what they cannot see in the gallery. Like many museums, the Museum of the Moving Image can display only a small percentage of its collection, 1,200 of 90,000 objects. When eDocent becomes a reality, which is not expected until 2003, audiences could see much of this hidden collection.
''Because our collection is so extensive, we have a huge amount of material to link,'' said Rochelle Slovin, the museum's director. ''The ultimate goal of eDocent is for the information to be so rich and extensive that you could go deeper and deeper into the layers.''
The Walker Art Center in Minneapolis is preparing for a $90 million renovation and expansion project, which will break ground in 2003. Central to the renovation is a wireless network that will provide visitors with more information about objects in the museum, said Andrew Blauvelt, the museum's design director.
He thinks that hand-held computers will not be the only way to download material. Indeed, Mr. Blauvelt is interested in what he calls ''social computing,'' which is a shared or collaborative computer experience. This could involve a group sitting at a ''smart'' table, where touch screens embedded in the tabletop would allow many users to tap into Walker's collections and resources, and simultaneously interact and discuss the information with others. To explore other social computing possibilities, Mr. Blauvelt has invited more than 30 artists, designers and architects to submit ideas.
He is also interested in futuristic options, like wearable computer guides. ''Technically, the iPAQ is wearable,'' he said, referring to Compaq's hand-held device. ''This is more radical, where circuitry is stitched into a fabric or a scarf.''
Many museums hope that the new technology lures younger audiences. ''We have an entire generation coming up speaking digital as a first language,'' said Leonard Steinbach, a program creator at the Cleveland Museum of Art.


how can i make my own firesteel?
is there any way i can make a small firesteel keyring and if there is can you post a link to instructions for it!!! thanks!!!
How to make the stick itself? You can't. It's patented. Flint is just as good. Magnesium and flint is better. Go to the camping section and buy a magnesium fire starter+flint for $3.
jonjones484 years ago
fire-steel is actually not easy to make. fire steel is an "pyrophoric. usually fire-steel is made by extruding an alloy of: A) cadmium-iron-carbon B) boron-phporus-iron-carbon C) boron-manganese-iron-carbon and so on... they're steel rods softened by an additive and/or have increased flamabily from another additive.
haulbag4 years ago
I once had a "Mountain Man" at a Boy Scout encampment show us how to make fire steel. First, he had taken an old garage door spring, heated it, and let the high-carbon steel slowly cool to take the temper out of it. He then heated it and straightened it out while it was hot. Then, he cut it into 8 to 10 inch sections. Next, he heated coal in about a 24 inch diameter metal bowl-like contraption used for blacksmithing. He threw the rods of steel into the coal and heated it with a bellows until the steel pieces glowed red. We then used tongs to pull out a piece and shaped it with hammers and pliers into a semi-flattened, C-like shape that would fit around the knuckles of your hand and grip your index and pinky fingers. Then we reheated the metal to glowing red. Next, we took out the steel piece and dropped it into cold water to temper it.
To use it to light charcloth, you put the steel around your fist and strike it on something hard and sharp-edged, like a chipped piece of flint. Here's an excellent article about making charcloth:
I suppose this would also work if you just left the steel in the shape of a straight rod and scraped it with a sharp knife or other hard and sharp-edged implement. It is the burning bits of steel, and not the flint, that makes the spark.


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 1. Writing مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی واحد توانمند سازی زبان انگلیسی
 2. 1. Why Write
 3. 1.1. Writing to Work With computers now a part of almost every job, word processing and e-mailing are essential skills. Getting and keeping a job these days usually involves good writing skills. You will need writing in your job in these forms: • Letters of application and Resume • Memos and Reports (office works) • Letters • Records and Orders (health-care professional) • Legal Briefs (lawyer)
 4. 1.2. Writing to Learn All the students need to know writing techniques to: • Take Notes • Write Essays & Reports • Answer Examination Questions • Be able to write letters & E-mails
 5. 1.3. Writing to Communicate All of us need writing to be able to communicate using: • Email • Text Messages (SMS language or textese) • Personal Letter
 6. 2. The Writing Process
 7. No two writers approach writing in exactly the same way. But they do tend to follow a series of actions that look something like this: • Exploring Ideas • Prewriting • Organizing • Writing a First Draft • Revising the Draft • Producing the Final Copy
 8. 2.1. Step 1: Exploring Ideas Remember that writing is like speech, and speaking includes discovering ideas as you say them. This is the first step of writing. SO Before you sit down to write, let your mind speak freely. When inspiration happens, capture it by writing on what ever you can: Napkins, Piece of paper, back of your hand.
 9. In order to have your exploration systematic you need to bare three items in your mind: • Something to say • Reason for saying • Someone to say it to So Never forget the three fundamental questions: • What is my subject? • What is my purpose? • Who is my audience?
 10. 2.1.1. Your Subject While choosing your subjects keep these issues in mind: • Choose the most interesting subjects to your audience • Choose the subjects about which you care • Choose the subjects about which you know You must select and then narrow your subject
 11. Example: Suppose you are asked to describe a job you know well. Ask yourelf thgese questions: • What jobs have I done or do now? • What do I know about these jobs? • Which jobs (or parts of one job) do I feel strongly about? What do I hate? What parts make me angry or happy? • What tools or materials do I use in my job? • How do I perform each task? • Which tasks are most interesting or boring? • What examples or little stories best illustrate these points?
 12. 2.1.2. Your Purpose What do you want to do with your writing? You can: • Inform (your classmates about some procedures at your job) • Persuade (your classmates that they should find or avoid a job like you) • Entertain ( your classmates with examples of odd incidents you have experienced at your job) • All these three
 13. Exercise: Read each sentence and write the purpose of the paragraph. Then choose one of the sentences and revise it so that it begins a different paragraph. • Before November 18, 1883, when the railroads instituted the Standard Time and time zones, the time of day varied from city to city and town to town……………… • There must be better ways to resolve differences than going to war……............ • The history behind the naming of months of the calendar is fascinating…………. • The Roman emperors Julius and Augustus Caesar each added a month to the year, and named them,of course, after themselves………………
 14. 2.1.3. Your Audiance Who is your audience? The answer to this question may help you: • Determine the content of your writing • Determine the purpose of your writing • The amount of needed explanation • The amount of needed evidence to persuade
 15. Exercise: For each of the following topic, list two or three points you would include if your were writing to a different audiences specified. • Example: Topic: The benefits of controlled diets Audience: Overweight adults: better health, better appearance, feeling of well being • Topic: The role of personal web sites on the internet like My Space Audience: People between the age of 12-30 Audience: People between the age of 40-70 2. Topic: The reasons for requiring helmets for motorcycle riders Audience: Riders of motorcycles Audience: Motor cycle manufacturers
 16. Exercise: Read the text and answer questions
 17. What's the writer's main purpose: to inform, persuade or entertain? Or is it a combination of these purposes? • Who's the audience for this article? Would you expect to find it in a college textbook, a newspaper or a popular magazine? Write your reasons. • What point or points is the writer making? • What's the writer's attitude toward his son? Does he have more than one attitude? How do you know?
 18. 2.2. Step 2: Prewriting The second step of writing process involves capturing your thoughts on a piece of paper or on the computer screen. This step is called prewriting in which you jot down whatever comes to your mind without any worrying about spelling or punctuation. There are three techniques regarding this step 1. Brainstorming 2. Clustering 3. Freewriting
 19. 2.2.1. Brainstorming One way to capture your thoughts is by Brainstorming Or listing thoughts as they come to you Here is an example from a student who has been asked to describe a job:
 20. 2.2.2. Clustering In this technique you put your topic in a circle in the middle of the page and then add related ideas as they occur to you. These related ideas are called Branches In the following example the topic is a job description my job delivering pizza
 21. 2.2.3. Freewriting In this technique you simply start writing about your topic without worrying about sentence structure, spelling, logic, and grammar. Here the only difference is that your pieces of information is not in the form of single words but sentences. Use abbreviations and shortcuts so you can get your ideas down fast. Don't think of your freewriting as disorganized. Just let your ideas flow. You can expand it, change it or omit some parts
 22. Here we have the same example of a job description
 23. 2.3. Step 3: Organizing Now that you captured your ideas you can select from and organize them: • Underline or highlight the most promising ideas in your brainstorming list. Then rewrite the list. You can add more ideas to your list. • Choose the part of clustering diagram that seems most promising. You can even do a second clustering diagram. • Highlight the most promising parts of your freewriting. You can narrow your subject or add more details.
 24. 2.3.1. Selecting Now you have narrowed your focus And Generate more ideas The next step is to choose one of those ideas that fits your purpose and audience. Example: Your topic is the "pizza delivery as a job". Your Purpose is toentertainwho have part time job and to show that your job is not that bad. So You willkeepthe most humorous information: Fuzzy Ms. Fritzy, Wobbly Wally, and the Fraternity boys You will omit the unimportant parts such as the ones about your cell phone, and working hours
 25. 2.3.2. Outlining An outline is a great way to organize your thoughts and research if you're pree. To write an outline, follow these guidelines. • Choose a topic • Determine the larger purpose of your work • Gather supporting materials • Decide how to generally order your supporting evidence so that it supports your larger purpose • Decide whether to write a topic outline or a sentence outline. • Identify your main categories. • Think of at least two points for each category. • Expand upon your points with sub-points if necessary.
 26. Example
 27. After deciding on the focus of the customers, the pizza delivery writer can make a rough outline:
 28. 2.4. Step 4: Writing a First Draft In the prewriting stage you have: • Select your best ideas • Arrange them in some reasonable order Now Begin writing your first draft and:
 29. Don't worry about writing something perfect. Write fast as if speaking your words aloud. Leave wide margins. If new ideas occur to you write them on the margin. Double-space so there will be enough room for changes Use only one side of the paper so you can cut and paste the changes. Tape or staple additions where you want them to go. Say something loud before you write it. Circle the words you think you misspelled or will want to change later
 30. Example: Here is the example of description pizza delivery as job
 31. 2.5. Step 5: Revising the Draft After completing your first draft, set it aside. Give yourself a chance to see it with fresh eyes


text:
- Provides excellent continuous power sources to your device by this Alkaline Button Cell Battery
- This Alkaline Cell Battery is suitable for use with toys, calculators, cameras, watches, games and other electronic appliances
- Good Button Cell Battery in low and high temperature operations
- High energy density, long life Button Cell Battery
- Voltage: 1.5V
- This Alkaline Button Cell Battery can be used in small electronic devices like cameras and calculators and watches
- The Alkaline Cell Battery is a necessity in small electronics such as television remote controls, toys or flash lights and they produce about 1.5 volts per cell
- 10 pieces of LR1130 cell battery in a package. Excellent continuous power sources to your device by these cell battery
- This Button Cell Battery provides extensive long power life and work effectively in both low and high temperature. They are safe for the environment
- Excellent continuous power sources to your device by these cell battery. For use with toys, calculators, watches, games and other electronic appliances
Button Battery Types:
- Button batteries, also known as button cell batteries, are small, flat, round batteries designed for use in wristwatches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, cameras, TV remote controls and other electronic devices. Most button batteries have an anode (the negative part of the battery through which electrical current flows) a separator (the material that contains electrolyte, which is an electrical conductor) and a cathode (the positive part of the battery).
- Alkaline Batteries: Alkaline batteries, or alkaline cells, are mainly used because they are inexpensive. They are similar to lithium cells but are used in devices that are inexpensive, such as a cheap watch as compared to an expensive one. They are inexpensive to manufacture and are safe for the environment. However, alkaline batteries only have about half the energy capacity of silver oxide batteries, voltage that is not constant and a short shelf life. They are best used in devices such as in quartz watches, miniature flashlights and laser pointers.
- Mercury Batteries: Mercury batteries, also known as mercury cells, are no longer used in many countries because they are known to contaminate water and food sources when they are disposed of. The mercury that leaks from these batteries is highly toxic to living organisms, including humans. These batteries have a long life and can be stored, unused, for up to three years. Mercury batteries were used in almost all devices that required small, constant voltage such as watches, hearing aids and calculators.
- Silver Oxide Batteries: Silver oxide batteries, or silver oxide cells, are constructed similarly to mercury cells and are the successor of mercury batteries. They are better than mercury batteries because they have a higher energy capacity and do not contain any chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Like mercury batteries, silver oxide batteries have a long life. The only disadvantage is that silver oxide batteries have about half the shelf life as mercury batteries. This type of battery is mainly used for watches.
- Lithium Batteries: Lithium batteries, or lithium cells, are also called coin cells because of their shape. Lithium-manganese dioxide and lithium-thionyl chloride are the two types of lithium batteries. Lithium-manganese dioxide cells are used in watches while lithium-thionyl chloride cells are not intended for use in watches. They both have a constant voltage and, like silver oxide batteries, don't contain any chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Lithium batteries have an especially long shelf life of up to 10 years and are suitable for devices such as quartz watches, digital cameras and remote controls.
- Zinc-air Batteries: Zinc-air batteries, or zinc-air cells, have the highest energy capacity of all button batteries. They are activated when a seal is pulled off, which allows air to enter the battery through small holes, thereby allowing oxidation of zinc. They are inexpensive, have a constant voltage output and are environmentally safe. Zinc-air batteries have a considerably shorter shelf life than mercury batteries but a longer shelf life than alkaline and silver oxide batteries. This type of battery is not meant to be used in watches but rather in hearing aids.
How to Recycle an Alkaline Battery:
- Alkaline batteries are a necessity in small electronics such as television remote controls, toys or flash lights and they produce about 1.5 volts per cell. The larger cell batteries such as C and D batteries can deliver more currents. The recharging of alkaline batteries is possible but very uncommon creating the need for recycling of these alkaline batteries. Many areas have started or put into effect safe recycling projects.
- Determine if there are rules for recycling alkaline batteries. In some states and counties alkaline batteries can be disposed of in your regular trash. In the state of California this would be illegal.
- Contact your local grocery store and ask if they have a drop off area for alkaline batteries. Some grocery food chains collect batteries in large bins right outside the store door. Ask the manager if there are any special rules or if you can just toss your used batteries in the bin.
- Recycle alkaline batteries at your local dump. Most local dumps will accept alkaline batteries.
- Purchase a recycle container for your used batteries. There are many local companies that sell these containers in several sizes. You fill the container with your used batteries and return the container to the company for recycling.
Tips & Warnings:
- Avoid exposure to high temperatures and do not dispose of alkaline batteries in fire.
- Do not misuse your battery; it can result in the battery leakage.
- 10 x Button Cell Batteries
If the order has not been shipped; please contact DinoDirect Live Support for order cancellation.You will get your refund within 24 hours.
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If the item is defective, please contact DinoDirect Live Support and send an email to us at _EMAIL_ attached an image or video file clearly showing the defect of the product. And we will give you a response within 24 hours whether we will resend the item or refund the payment to you for compensation.
For customization, please consider carefully before ordering.Because we do not accept return and replacement.
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text:
oscillatory. Waves in the underlying vacuum foam or froth of activity, then, will propagate and interfere in at least metaphorically familiar ways.
The Action. Feynman's postulate proposes that the phases of such activity are related to a property of the underlying vacuum activity called the Langrangian (Aitchison & Hey, 1989; Kaku, 1988, 1993; Ryder, 1985; Townsend, 1992; Ward & Wells, 1990; ). When waves of activity come together, then, the constructive and destructive interferences among the waves involved will depend on the Langrangian. The result of this relationship is that the overall dynamics of the system satisfies a constraint on the integral of this Langrangian over space-time -- over those dynamics -- called the action, such that the action of the resultant dynamics is necessarily stationary.
Invariances of the Action. The Langrangian, thus the action, and thus the dynamics, are invariant with respect to a number of possible changes that could be made. These invariances, in turn, require certain conserved quantities and currents. A classic example is the invariance of the dynamics with respect to changes in spatial reference frame. The conserved quantity resulting from this spatial or translational invariance is called momentum.
Invariances and Reference Frames. An invariance of the action constitutes an impossibility of the existence of a privileged zero point of a class of reference frames (Lee, 1988) -- here is yet another constraint. If the action were not invariant with respect to position, for example, if space-time were not dynamically homogeneous, then some location could be differentiated as an absolute zero of location. There would be a dynamically privileged spatial reference frame, and space would not be dynamically homogeneous. Invariances of the action, then, constitute various forms of dynamic homogeneity with respect to the relevant fields.
Gauge Fields. There are similar conserved quantities for other invariances with respect to other global changes to the Langrangian -- temporal dynamic homogeneity, for example, yields energy conservation. And there are also conserved quantities for Langrangian invariances in which the variations themselves can smoothly vary -- a non-zero metavariation -- across the field involved. Such "local" metavariational invariances of the Langrangian involve shifts in the phases of underlying activity that vary across that activity, and, thus, themselves form a field of variations. In order for the Langrangian, and thus the dynamics, to remain unchanged from such alterations in how the phases of activity are defined, there must again be a compensating field. Such fields are called gauge fields; the conservation of electric charge is a classic example of conservation necessitated by invariance with respect to phase frames for the underlying electromagnetic field (Aitchison & Hey, 1989; Kaku, 1993; Ryder, 1985; Nakahara, 1992).
Invariance Constraints and Indeterminancies. Such conservations, in turn, constrain the overall vacuum fluctuations; the vacuum activity cannot violate those conservations without violating the relevant invariances of the action. But those conservations can constrain the vacuum activity only insofar as the properties to which the conservations apply are themselves well defined. Momentum, for example, is a property of wavelength, and wavelength and position are involved in an indeterminancy with respect to each other. When the momentum conservation is imposed up to the limit of this indeterminancy, the familiar position-momentum uncertainty principle results. When the time dimension of space-time is selected instead of a spatial dimension, the general indeterminancy combines with the invariance constraint on the action to yield the energy-time uncertainty principle: energy must be conserved if time shifts are to leave the dynamics unchanged, and energy is also a property of waveform. (The action can be formulated in such a way that it is relativistically invariant itself, and, thus, does not differentiate in such an absolute manner between spatial and temporal dimensions. Deriving momentum-position or energy-time uncertainties, then, involves specifying reference frames in which these dimensions can be differentiated out of the basic indeterminancy at the level of the oscillatory action principle per se.)
The invariances to which the action of wave processes are subject impose conservation constraints on the vacuum activities, and those constraints apply only up to the limits of the intrinsic constraint on the joint determinancies of position and waveforms of oscillatory processes. Together, these two sources of constraint yield the classic uncertainty principles. Quantum field theory, then, explores crucial constraints imposed on vacuum activity: those constraints yield most of contemporary foundational physics.
Reversibility and Irreversibility. There is still another sense in which principles of variation and selection are involved in this story. Basic vacuum activity is temporally reversible, except when certain conditions are satisfied. When these conditions occur, the underlying oscillatory wave processes irreversibly collapse into a new state -- from which vacuum oscillatory wave processes again proceed. Measurements, for example, produce such irreversible changes. The nature of the conditions that yield irreversibility, however, and the reasons for it, constitute a major lacuna in quantum theory. There are proposals, but there is no clear answer.
The relevance of this point is as follows. Not only do vacuum activities violate the conservations within the constraints of the uncertainty principles (so that the uncertainty relationships act as selections on what vacuum activity can proceed), so also do the irreversibility conditions (whatever they may be) irreversibly select conditions of underlying reversible processes. These selections of states from which further vacuum activity can proceed are also subject to the conservation constraints. It is even possible that the constraints that give rise to the uncertainty relations and the constraints that generate irreversibility are one and the same constraints. In any case, we find here a relatively chaotic vacuum activity upon which several kinds of intrinsic constraint are imposed. The constraints function as selection principles for eliminating, forbidding, activity that violates the constraints.
We have carefully avoided a number of issues involved in quantum field theory. For example, the collapse of the wave processes (in measurements, for example) poses difficult questions of how spatially separated parts of the wave processes can jointly and "simultaneously" honor the various conservation constraints without violating the limitation of the speed of light of special relativity -- how does one part of the wave process "know" what the other part is doing? Another avoided issue concerns the relationships between space-time itself and vacuum activities: space-time is, on the one hand, the setting in which vacuum activity takes place, yet, on the other hand, it too must be involved in such activity -- space-time is itself dynamic. It is not clear that the perspectives presented could be consistently developed with respect to these issues. But, in fact, there is as yet no consistent model that can capture all of these properties and aspects of quantum processes (see, however, Bohm & Hiley, 1991; Hiley, 1991). Our goal has not been to present an overall ontology for quantum field theory, but, rather, to illustrate that notions of variation and selection and constraint can participate in exploring these phenomena:
Birrell, N. D., Davies, P. C. W. (1982). Quantum Fields in Curved Space. Cambridge.
Bohm, D., Hiley, B. J. (1991). The Undivided Universe: an Ontological Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Routledge.
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Finkelstein, D. (1991). Theory of Vacuum. In Saunders, H. R. Brown (Eds.) The Philosophy of Vacuum. (251-274) Oxford: Clarendon.
Hiley, B. J. (1991). Vacuum or Holomovement. In Saunders, H. R. Brown (Eds.) The Philosophy of Vacuum. (217-249) Oxford: Clarendon.
Kaku, M. (1988). Introduction to Superstrings. Springer-Verlag.
Kaku, M. (1993). Quantum Field Theory. Oxford.
Körner, T. W. (1988). Fourier Analysis. Cambridge.
Lee, T. D. (1988). Symmetries, Asymmetries, and the World of Particles. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Misner, C W., Thorne, K. S., Wheeler, J. A. (1973). Gravitation. Freeman.
Nakahara, M. (1992). Geometry, Topology, and Physics. Institute of Physics Publishing.
Ryder, L. H. (1985). Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge.
Saunders, S., Brown, H. R. (1991). The Philosophy of Vacuum. Oxford: Clarendon.
Sciama, D. W. (1991). The Physical Significance of the Vacuum State of a Quantum Field. In S. Saunders, H. R. Brown (Eds.) The Philosophy of Vacuum. (137-158) Oxford: Clarendon.
Sudbery, A. (1986). Quantum Mechanics and the Particles of Nature. Cambridge.
Teller, P. (1990). Prolegomenon to a proper interpretation of quantum field theory. Philosophy of Science, 57, 594


Riemann–Siegel theta function
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In mathematics, the Riemann–Siegel theta function is defined in terms of the Gamma function as
\theta(t) = \arg \left(
- \frac{\log \pi}{2} t
for real values of t. Here the argument is chosen in such a way that a continuous function is obtained and \theta(0)=0 holds, i.e., in the same way that the principal branch of the log Gamma function is defined.
It has an asymptotic expansion
\theta(t) \sim \frac{t}{2}\log \frac{t}{2\pi} - \frac{t}{2} - \frac{\pi}{8}+\frac{1}{48t}+ \frac{7}{5760t^3}+\cdots
which is not convergent, but whose first few terms give a good approximation for t \gg 1. Its Taylor-series at 0 which converges for |t| < 1/2 is
\theta(t) = -\frac{t}{2} \log \pi + \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^k \psi^{(2k)}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right) }{(2k+1)!} \left(\frac{t}{2}\right)^{2k+1}
where \psi^{(2k)} denotes the Polygamma function of order 2k. The Riemann–Siegel theta function is of interest in studying the Riemann zeta function, since it can rotate the Riemann zeta function such that it becomes the totally real valued Z function on the critical line s = 1/2 + i t.
Curve discussion[edit]
The Riemann–Siegel theta function is an odd real analytic function for real values of t. It has 3 roots at 0 and \pm 17._PHONE_\ldots and it is an increasing function for values |t| > 6.29, because it has exactly one minima and one maxima at \pm 6.289835988\ldots with absolute value
3.530972829\ldots. Lastly it has a unique inflection point at t=0 with \theta^\prime(0)= -\frac{\ln \pi + \gamma + \pi/2 + 3 \ln 2}{2} = -2._PHONE_\ldots where the theta function has its derivation minimum.
Theta as a function of a complex variable[edit]
We have an infinite series expression for the log Gamma function
\log \Gamma \left(z\right) = -\gamma z -\log z
+ \sum_{n=1}^\infty
\left(\frac{z}{n} - \log \left(1+\frac{z}{n}\right)\right),
where γ is Euler's constant. Substituting (2it+1)/4 for z and taking the imaginary part termwise gives the following series for θ(t)
\theta(t) = -\frac{\gamma + \log \pi}{2}t - \arctan 2t
+ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(\frac{t}{2n}
- \arctan\left(\frac{2t}{4n+1}\right)\right).
For values with imaginary part between -1 and 1, the arctangent function is holomorphic, and it is easily seen that the series converges uniformly on compact sets in the region with imaginary part between -1/2 and 1/2, leading to a holomorphic function on this domain. It follows that the Z function is also holomorphic in this region, which is the critical strip.
We may use the identities
\arg z = \frac{\log z - \log\bar z}{2i}\quad\text{and}\quad\overline{\Gamma(z)}=\Gamma(\bar z)
to obtain the closed-form expression
\theta(t) = \frac{\log\Gamma\left(\frac{2it+1}{4}\right)-\log\Gamma\left(\frac{-2it+1}{4}\right)}{2i} - \frac{\log \pi}{2} t,
which extends our original definition to a holomorphic function of t. Since the principal branch of log Γ has a single branch cut along the negative real axis, θ(t) in this definition inherits branch cuts along the imaginary axis above i/2 and below -i/2.
Riemann–Siegel theta function in the complex plane
Riemann Siegel Theta 1.jpg
Riemann Siegel Theta 2.jpg
Riemann Siegel Theta 3.jpg
 -1 < \Re(t) < 1
 -5 < \Re(t) < 5
 -40 < \Re(t) < 40
Gram points[edit]
The Riemann zeta function on the critical line can be written
\zeta\left(\frac{1}{2}+it\right) = e^{-i \theta(t)}Z(t),
Z(t) = e^{i \theta(t)} \zeta\left(\frac{1}{2}+it\right).
If t is a real number, then the Z function Z\left(t\right) returns real values.
Hence the zeta function on the critical line will be real when \sin\left(\,\theta(t)\,\right)=0. Positive real values of t where this occurs are called Gram points, after J. P. Gram, and can of course also be described as the points where \frac{\theta(t)}{\pi} is an integer.
A Gram point is a solution g_{n} of
\theta\left(g_{n}\right) = n\pi.
Here are the smallest non negative Gram points
n g_{n} \theta(g_{n})
-3 0 0
-2 3._PHONE_...
-1 9._PHONE_...
0 17._PHONE_... 0
1 23._PHONE_... π
2 27._PHONE_...
3 31._PHONE_...
4 35._PHONE_...
5 38._PHONE_...
6 42._PHONE_...
7 45._PHONE_...
8 48._PHONE_...
9 51._PHONE_...
10 54._PHONE_... 10π
11 57._PHONE_... 11π
12 60._PHONE_... 12π
13 63._PHONE_... 13π
14 65._PHONE_... 14π
15 68._PHONE_... 15π
The choice of the index n is a bit crude. It is historically chosen in such a way that the index is 0 at the first value which is larger than the smallest positive zero (at imaginary part 14._PHONE_...) of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. Notice, this \theta-function oscillates for absolute-small real arguments and therefore is not uniquely invertible in the interval [-24,24]! Thus the odd theta-function has its symmetric Gram point with value 0 at index -3. Gram points are useful when computing the zeros of Z\left(t\right). At a Gram point g_{n},
\zeta\left(\frac{1}{2}+ig_n\right) = \cos(\theta(g_n))Z(g_n) = (-1)^n Z(g_n),
and if this is positive at two successive Gram points, Z\left(t\right) must have a zero in the interval.
According to Gram's law, the real part is usually positive while the imaginary part alternates with the gram points, between positive and negative values at somewhat regular intervals.
(-1)^n \, Z\left(g_{n}\right) > 0
The number of roots, N\left(T\right), in the strip from 0 to T, can be found by
N\left(T\right) = \frac{\theta(T)}{\pi} + 1+S(T),
where S(T) is an error term which grows asymptotically like \log T.
Only if g_{n} would obey Gram's law, then finding the number of roots in the strip simply becomes
N\left(g_{n}\right) = n + 1.
Today we know, that in the long run, Gram's law fails for about 1/4 of all Gram-intervals to contain exactly 1 zero of the Riemann zeta-function. Gram was afraid that it may fail for larger indices (the first miss is at index 126 before the 127th zero) and thus claimed this only for not too high indices. Later Hutchinson coined the phrase Gram's law for the (false) statement that all zeroes on the critical line would be separated by Gram points.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


text:
In this part we would configure chef workstation that we created in Part 1 to provision nodes on the Rackspace cloud provider.
Before we go over details of how to provision a Rackspace VM, lets review the chef terminology so that we have some common vocabulary
- Nodes: Servers, VMs or physical machines or cloud instances.
- Cookbook: A cookbook is a collection of recipes, attributes, and templates that Chef uses to package, distribute, and share configuration details. A chef repository can have many cookbooks and typically a cookbook configures only one service.
- Roles: Roles are a way to group nodes by the function. Each role is associated with a run_list i.e. a set of cookbook/recipies that need to execute in given sequence for configuring the node. Nodes can have multiple roles.
- Environments: In chef different nodes could belong to different environments like dev, stage, prod, etc. Like roles environments also have a run_list.
- Data Bags: Data bags are like cookbook attributes but are used to store sensitive information like passwords, api keys, secrets, etc.


How to Measure the Uncertainty of Stock Prices around Earnings Announcement Days?
Stock prices often respond drastically to the information firms release to the market on quarterly earnings announcement dates (EADs) (see Figure 1). For instance, almost 20% of Google's total annual volatility is accumulated on EADs. Estimating the stock market risk ex ante (before the news release) is difficult as each of these announcements is unique. Our paper proposes a new way of measuring the uncertainty of stock returns around EADs using option price data.
The economic reason for the importance of EADs is related to the large amount of valuation relevant information and past company performance that is released to the market. Since this information is not known to investors before the earnings release, stock market uncertainty around EADs is particularly large. The main contribution of the paper is to develop a theoretical framework and practical estimators which capture the uncertainty around Earnings Announcement Days. We develop an option pricing theory which provides academics and practitioner alike with a new tool to study the risk around corporate events such as EADs.
After developing and introducing a new EAD uncertainty measure, we study how it may help forecasting stock market risk around EADs. First, we find that our measure produces accurate risk predictions and improves over widely used risk measures such as the dispersion in analyst forecasts. Second, our measure is robust and very easy to implement and is therefore straightforward to be applied in practice without the need for complicated mathematical or computational machinery. Fourth, we show that our proposed model taking into account EADs improves option pricing performance of between 15-20%.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
This question is inspired by this one. In that thread, it's established that there are uncountably many cube-free infinite binary strings (where $x \in 2^{\omega}$ is cube-free iff $\forall \sigma \subset x,\ \sigma \sigma \sigma \not \subset x$). Here $\subset$ denotes "substring" which should be distinguished from "initial segment" which I'll denote by $\sqsubset$ if the need arises.
So let $C \subset 2^{\omega}$ be the subset of Cantor space consisting of all cube-free sequences. It's uncountable, and easily seen to be closed, hence it contains a perfect set.
Question 1. Is $C$ perfect?
Let's define:
$T_C = \{ \sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\exists x \in C)(\sigma \sqsubset x)\}$
$\ \ \ \ \ = \{ \sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\forall n > |\sigma|)( \exists \tau \in 2^n )(\sigma \sqsubset \tau,\ \tau$ cube-free$)\}$
$T_P = \{\sigma \in 2^{<\omega} : (\forall \tau \sqsupset \sigma, \tau \in T_C)(\exists \rho_1, \rho_2 \sqsupset \tau$ both in $T_C)(\rho_1 \perp \rho_2)\}$
Question 2. $T_C$ is evidently $\Pi ^0 _1$, but is it in fact recursive?
If we let $P$ denote the maximal perfect subset of $C$ obtained by iteratively removing isolated points of $C$ until this procedure stabilizes (taking intersections at limit stages), then $P$ determines a tree which I believe would be the tree $T_P$ defined above.
Question 3. What is the complexity of the tree determined by $P$?
If $T_P$ is indeed the tree determined by $P$, then the tree determined by $P$ is at worst $\Pi ^0 _3$, but can we do better?
UPDATE: The answers are:
 1. Yes
 2. Yes
 3. Since $C$ is perfect, $P = C$ and so by the answers to 1 and 2, the tree determined by $P$ is just the tree determined by $C$, which is recursive.
I've learnt this after discussing it with Robert Shelton, one of the authors of the paper Gjergji linked to in his response below. In fact, what I've gathered is that there's a function $f$, better than being on the order of $n^2$, such that to determine whether an arbitrary finite string $\sigma$ has a cube-free infinite extension, it suffices to check whether it has one of length $f(|\sigma|)$ (where $|\sigma|$ is the length of $\sigma$). I suppose this would mean furthermore that the tree $T_C$ is not merely recursive, i.e. $\Delta_1$, but in fact $\Delta_0$.
share|improve this question
This will also be a question in dynamics. One can also ask what is the entropy of C? – Nishant Chandgotia Apr 15 '11 at 7:09
I added the symbolic dynamics tag. – Gjergji Zaimi Apr 15 '11 at 7:26
1 Answer 1
up vote 12 down vote accepted
I found an article of J.D. Currie and R.O. Shelton that answers the first question. "The set of k-power free words over Σ is empty or perfect".
Added: Note that Currie has a number of papers on power free words, and many of them are on the arxiv.
share|improve this answer
Thanks. The article actually seems to answer all the questions I asked (possibly). Since $C$ is perfect, $T_C = T_P$ so questions 2 and 3 are equivalent. And Theorem 3.3 claims that we can effectively determine whether a finite binary string has an infinite cube-free extension. It's not clear whether this effective procedure is uniform however, and the proof of this theorem along with the definitions of some key terms appear to be in some other papers, so rather than chasing papers I emailed the authors and asked. I'll post an update if I get a response. – Amit Kumar Gupta Apr 15 '11 at 15:12
After a fruitful back-and-forth with Robert Shelton, I've understood that yes, the tree $T_C$ is recursive. – Amit Kumar Gupta Apr 19 '11 at 14:53
Your Answer


Off-the-Wall: ToCs, Indexes and Bibliographies in OOo Writer
A new way of thinking about and tagging a document's table of contents and other supporting features makes sense and is more convenient.
Indexes and tables is the phrase that Writer uses for tables of contents (ToCs), indexes and bibliographies. The term also covers ToC variants, such as lists of illustrations or tables. At first, the need for the phrase seems momentarily puzzling. If you're like most people, you probably are used to thinking of ToCs, indexes and bibliographies as separate pieces with no relation to one another. That's how most word processors treat them. Roughly half the time, that's how the Writer interface treats them, too.
However, the term exists because Writer doesn't distinguish between these pieces of contents. Lists of figures, tables of contents, indexes, bibliographies--in Writer, all indexes and tables are treated as variations on the same structure. No matter what particular type you are creating, the procedure is identical:
 - Tag contents in the body of a document for inclusion.
 - Format the index or table.
 - Move the cursor to the position for the index or table and create it.
Each step has variations, depending on the type you are creating and, at times, your own preferences. But in each case, the basic procedure is the same.
Tagging Contents
The first step in creating an index or table in an OOo Writer document is to tag its content in the body of the document. The includes titles that appear in a ToC, the words that appear in an index or the scholarly references that appear in the bibliography. In each case, entries can be tagged automatically or manually.
If a document uses styles throughout, then tagging contents for a ToC is easy. By default, Writer ToCs treat all of the outline levels defined in Tools -> Outline Numbering as tagged content. You can select additional styles to be tagged automatically on the Styles tab of Insert -> Indexes and Tables -> Indexes and Tables. Lists of figures and similar ToC variants also have options on the Index/Table tab, many of which also also based on styles. As always, Writer pays dividends to those who use styles. You don't have to use styles to create a ToC, but doing so is by far the simplest choice.
If a document doesn't use styles or if you have a particular style you want to use for a List of Figures or Tables, ToC entries can be tagged manually by selecting Insert -> Indexes and Tables -> Entry. This is the same technique used to add words manually to an index. The main difference is the type you select from the Index field of the dialogue box. Whether you're doing the grunt work for a ToC or an index, you still need to provide the text for the entry, which is the text in the actual body of the document. This entry can be added by selecting text before opening the dialogue box or by typing within the box. You also can select the level of the entry and whether all entries with the same text also should be tagged.
For index tags, you can make the entry a sub-entry. For example, if you already had tagged GNU/Linux, you could make Debian a subentry beneath GNU/Linux. Index contents also can be automated by selecting Alphabetical Index as the Type when you select Insert -> Indexes and Tables -> Indexes and Tables -> Index/Table. From there, select the Concordance file option. A concordance is a list of key words to tag automatically. Setting up a concordance in a manner that is useful takes more planning than you might think at first, but it is an ideal way to index a long project.
Bibliographical entries are added by selecting Insert -> Indexes and Tables -> Bibliography Entry. A bibliographical entry, however, is the citation that appears in the text. For instance, in the APA citation style, the entry in the body of the document might be (Smith: 1999). Unfortunately, the sample bibliographical database that comes with Writer offers misleading examples, but this citation is the short name for the item. Other information can be filled in according to the citation style and whether the source is a book, journal item or some other medium. You don't need to use--and in many cases, can't use--all the fields available for a bibliographical entry. This information can be stored within the document or within a separate bibliographical database.
-- Bruce Byfield (nanday)
Comment viewing options
Reopen the file........... all changes gone
faisal's picture
i craated a ToC with a level upto 3
The ToC get updated
Now i saved the document
But when re opened the same
again the ToC is been evaluavted upto level 9
Why this?
multiple indexes?
Anonymous's picture
If i add one index, and the an index for images only, i get everything messed up. as soon as i edit the second index, the first one gets shitted all over.
i tried creating one of "user specific" type instead of "table of content", but then, i'd need at least three user specific categories, since i have images, tables and graphics. and OO only fives me one.
deleting entries
David Paenson's picture
I find your explanations very helpful.
I do however have a question: Is there a way of deleting all the entries in the text body itself in one go?
Plaese help.
For a better write up on OOo Writer
Ed Matthews's picture
To read a book written by a writer for writers, check out a resources page by Jean Hollis Weber, of Australia. Her book on OOo Writer gives you a great how-to on using the advanced features of OOo described in this article.
Just wanted to clarify "bette
Ed Matthews's picture
Just wanted to clarify "better".
First, I'm very glad to see an article about these features in something besides MS Office Word, b/c while there are a lot of features in MS Word, they are pretty darn kludgy.
Jean's book is just that, a book, a bit more complete and structured than the article. My use of "Better" just means more in depth, a good jumping off place if this article has piqued your interest. Thanks for helping spread the word about OOo.
cheers. no offense meant.
Anonymous's picture
I love these OpenOffice articles to death, and hope they keep coming, but this one needed some serious proofreading something fierce.
pretty unhelpful
Anonymous's picture
As someone with experience beyond the beginner's level using computers and word processors, I would never guess I could find an article on using a word processor so confusing. Is this an example of the notion that *any* documentation is better than none, regardless of how unhelpful it may be? Too bad the apparently useful features of this program cannot be better disambiguated than this. I really, really need to learn better how to use OOo Writer and its advanced features, but articles like this make me just throw up my hands in exasperation. It's almost as if I read nothing at all.
pretty unhelpful: How, specifically?
Randy Kramer's picture
I found the article quite readable but possibly because I was very familiar with the (very) similar features in Word (97 for example).
You would do a lot of us a service if you could go into more detail about what was difficult to understand, and, if possible, why.
Aside: Some articles I find difficult to understand because a lot of time is spent on the details without enough time on the overall pieces and how they fit together. I thought this author did an adequate overview in the first section of the article.
Besides: If you have specific things you don't understand, maybe someone can help you.
Just for the heck of it, here's how I'd summarize a few of the high spots of the article:
* OOWriter can create TOCs, indexes, tables of figures, etc.
* The approach is to go through the document and tag what you want to be included in those tables, then do some processing to create the tables. (Except that headings can automatically be included in the TOC (did it say or am I guessing:) by virtue of an attribute in the styles for various level headings.
* There are no built-in styles for the resulting tables--you have to do some amount of formatting of the tables, especially if you want a result different than the default.
Then there are some detailed instructions of how to do at least some of those steps in the document.
What more could you want?
Try the other way
Anonymous's picture
If you complain about the explaination that someone FOR FREE gives you, and you're not forced to read it, then I suggest you to try the other way: learn it by yourself and write a bettere article... :)
Then you'll acquire the right to complain, but NOT before... :)
Terrible response
Anonymous's picture
That is the most ludicrous, bullshit reasoning I think I've ever heard. If something is crap, then it's crap. Free has nothing to do with it. If your logic is that if you think the article is shit then you should write a better one defeats both the language of criticism and the fact if you don't know how to do something just how are you going to write it? What your saying is that because something is free negates criticism is the key reason free software will never be taken seriously.
I thought it was me, but afte
Anonymous's picture
I thought it was me, but after I read you response, I felt much better.
The author just learned this


text:
This lesson tests both your vocabulary and your spelling. All the stems (the starts of words) below can have '-able' or '-ible' added to them. Can you decide whether they need able or ible? Once you have decided, try to match the word to the correct sentence. Good luck and let us know how you get on.
-able and -ible are both suffixes, groups of letters that are added to a word to change its meaning or use. When -able and -ible are added to words it generally means 'capable of being' e.g. Enjoyable: can enjoy.
-able When the root word looks like a whole word then you should be able to add able:
Enjoy + able = Enjoyable
When the stem word ends with 'e', drop the 'e' and add '-able'.
Value + able = Valuable
-ible when the full root word is not a whole word you can add ible.
Ed + ible = Edible
Because English has plenty of irregular words, sometimes this 'drop the e rule' does not apply. All you can do is try to remember the irregular words. Many of them have a c or g before the e e.g. noticeable, changeable.
Use -ible or -able with a root word to complete each sentence. Only use each stem word once: