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Religion, Racism, Rights: Landmarks in the History of Modern Anglo-American Law (Paperback)
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Short Description for Religion, Racism, Rights The book highlights the interconnections between three framing concepts in the development of modern western law: religion, race, and rights.
- Published: 21 May 2010
- Format: Paperback 332 pages
- ISBN 13: 9781841137292 ISBN 10: _PHONE_
- Sales rank: 810,964
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Full description for Religion, Racism, Rights
The book highlights the interconnections between three framing concepts in the development of modern western law: religion, race, and rights. The author challenges the assumption that law is an objective, rational and secular enterprise by showing that the rule of law is historically grounded and linked to the particularities of Christian morality, the forces of capitalism dependent upon exploitation of minorities, and specific conceptions of individualism that surfaced with the Reformation in the sixteenth century, and rapidly developed in the Enlightenment in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Drawing upon landmark legal decisions and historical events, the book emphasizes that justice is not blind because our concept of justice changes over time and is linked to economic power, social values, and moral sensibilities that are neither universal nor apolitical. Highlighting the historical interconnections between religion, race and rights aids our understanding of contemporary socio-legal issues. In the twenty-first century, the economic might of the USA and the west often leads toward a myopic vision of law and a belief in its universal application. This ignores the cultural specificity of western legal concepts, and prevents us from appreciating that, analogous to past colonial periods, in a global political economy Anglo-American law is not always transportable, transferable, or translatable across political landscapes and religious communities. 'Darian-Smith's new book is an example of what is most exciting about new scholarship in the humanities. It works across disciplinary and methodological boundaries in its attempt to deal with one of our most pressing current social problems - determining the consequences of the sometimes violent interaction of race, religion and law in times of social crisis. Darian-Smith explodes the myth of secularism in modern society, and the illusion of post-racialism, in her unblinking analysis of present dilemmas. Once you read this book you will never again think that the western concept of individual rights is sufficient to resolve the contradictions of modern existence. This is a genuinely important step forward in western scholarship' - Stanley Katz, President Emeritus of the American Council of Learned Societies and Professor, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. 'Eve Darian-Smith takes us on an amazing journey covering four centuries that brilliantly illuminates the continuously evolving interplay of law, religion, and race in the Anglo-American experience. This wonderfully readable book is imaginatively organized around a series of eight landmark 'law moments' that ingeniously show how legal rights are always being subtly shaped by culturally prevailing ideas about religion and race, a process that still goes on in our supposedly 21st century secular world that claims to be free of racism' - Richard Falk, Albert G. Milbank Professor of International Law Emeritus, Princeton University. 'In this volume, Eve Darian-Smith offers a passionate, wide-ranging analysis of the complex, historically-vexed relations among religion, race, and rights over the past four plus centuries. The book begins, in 1571, with Martin Luther and ends, at the dawn of the new century, with the discriminatory labor practices of Walmart, the recent crusades of George Bush and his theocons, and the resurgence of religious faith. By way of a well-chosen sequence of 'legal landmarks' - each an historical drama in its own right, each a piece of theater in which judicial processes take center stage - Darian-Smith develops a compelling, complex critique of the law, of its inherent ambiguities, its violence, its possibilities. And its historical entailment in political, economic, social and ethical forces well beyond itself, forces that, repeatedly, have opened up a yawning gap between its ideological (self)representation and the realities of its everyday practice. This is an ambitious work of scholarship, one which, by virtue of brush strokes at once deft and broad, challenges us to understand the legal underpinnings of our world in new ways' - Jon Comaroff, University of Chicago.


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Quilt, Australian AIDS Memorial Quilt, various makers and places of manufacture, Australia / United States of America, _PHONE_
The Australian AIDS Memorial Quilt, of which this eight-panel quilt forms a part, is an evocative record of those who were lost to HIV, many of them in their 20s and 30s. The visual diversity of the panels is marked, capturing as they do the character and individuality of the person who died. In the 1980s and 90s, at the onset of AIDS and in the following decade, societal attitudes were often homophobic. The Quilt records memories of those vibrant young people who faced their death in times of ignorance, often with no help, no friends (many had died already), family denial and discrimination. Some panels are anonymous, while many are now supported by documentation such as written descriptions by the maker, photographs and eulogies. As a result, the AIDS Quilt tells us a great deal about social change and changing attitudes to safe sex, gay culture and death in the late twentieth century in western societies.
The quilts are important ¬?so there is a record of that person existing, whereas with a lot of people with AIDS that (record) is not there. There¬?s a whole generation of people - unless we tell their stories, they are not there¬?. (Interview with Libby Woodhams, Sydney QuiltProject Convenor 2010). In most western societies, mourning is a fairly private and restrained affair in which depths of emotion are kept out of the public eye. Given the prejudices surrounding the AIDS epidemic, one can understand how difficult it is for those who are mourning their AIDS victims to express their grief fully and openly. The AIDS Quilt is remarkable because it combined an opportunity to share in the mourning process with a celebration of the life of the deceased.
First diagnosed in 1981, HIV/AIDS is the major infectious epidemic of the late 20th century. The first Australian death from AIDS was recorded in Melbourne in 1983. Subsequently, public programs undertaken by community organisations and government departments in Australia have educated people about the disease and its transmission. The Australian AIDS Memorial Quilt Project, then comprising 35 panels, was formally launched in Sydney on 1 December 1988 (World AIDS Day), by Ita Buttrose, Chairperson of the National Advisory Committee on AIDS (NACAIDS). While the Quilt began as a memorial, it has become one of the nation¬?s most valuable resources for promoting a compassionate and educational dialogue about AIDS within Australian communities. Its non-threatening nature and artistic and creative approach enables accessibility to the content and allows people from all walks of life to learn about the AIDS epidemic from its human side.
UK quilt website _URL_
Anni Turnbull, Curatorial Design & Society, 2011
This quilt was made by various people in Sydney, New South Wales; Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and New York, United States of America, between 1989 - 1994.
In the documentation, 'panel' refers to a single memorial piece; several panels stitched together form one 'quilt'; many individual quilts make up the Australian AIDS Memorial Quilt.
Typically very personalized, individual quilt panels were created by the loved ones of someone who died of AIDS-related causes. Each panel is roughly the size of a human grave; the panels were given to the Australian Quilt Project, where they were grouped with other similar panels to form a quilt. Quilts like this were often the only opportunity people had to remember and celebrate their loved ones' lives.
This quilt was created as part of the Australian AIDS Memorial Quilt Project, which was founded in September 1988 by Andrew Carter OAM and Richard Johnson in Sydney. It was formally launched on World AIDS Day, 1 December 1988 by Ms Ita Buttrose. The founding 35 memorial panels were displayed that day in Sydney with visiting panels from the American Names Project.
Australian traveller Andrew Carter saw the American Quilt during its 1988 US National Tour, and upon his return home he was inspired to found the Australian Quilt with Richard Johnson. Andrew Carter was later awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in recognition of this work. The Australian Quilt remains the largest outside the USA. Local groups of the Quilt now exist in States and Territories across Australia.
In 2007 the Quilt Project Sydney, which became the custodian of the Australian AIDS Memorial Quilt in 2000 offered the Quilt to the Powerhouse Museum for acquisition into the collection. A lengthy collaborative process ensued, in order to ensure that both the families of those commemorated and the makers of the quilts were in agreement with this proposal. At the same time, photography and documentation of the quilts, together with purpose-designed storage were carried out.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Vertically Challenged Part 2
By Andrew S. Bruce, LDO, ABOM
Release Date: March 1, 2014
Expiration Date: March 18, 2016
To update the ECP on changes and adoption practices for a lens material that is capable of being the overall lens platform including:
- Have a knowledge and understanding of slab-off/reverse slab-off, its use in correcting for vertical imbalance and how it is verified.
- Use a power cross to determine meridian powers.
- Determine meridian powers when dealing with oblique axes.
Andrew Bruce graduated from Wigan College of Technology in England as a photography major in 1986 and worked as a professional photographer for 13 years. Following a career change, he graduated from the opticianry program administered by the National Academy of Opticianry in 2001. After completing a three-year apprenticeship and successfully passing the Washington State Boards, he became a LDO in 2005. He received his Master in Ophthalmic Optics in June 2009 and is currently the optical manager for a private optometric practice in Battle Ground, Wash. He holds multiple black belt degrees in Tae Kwon Do, which he also teaches on a part-time basis.
This course is approved for one (1) hour of CE credit by the American Board of Opticianry (ABO). Course STJHI026-2
Part 2 (visit Part 1 at _URL_
continues the discussion and explores
a third option to correct for vertical
imbalance: slab-off. It also covers how
to calculate power in oblique meridians and demonstrate the use of the
power cross when calculating vertical
SLAB-OFF/REVERSE SLABOFF/BI-CENTRIC GRINDING
The most common way of correcting vertical imbalance is to induce a vertical prismatic effect in the lower half of one lens. This type of correction is referred to as bi-centric grinding or slab-off. It can be used to correct for imbalance amounts ranging from 1.5D to 6D. Slab-off provides base up (BU) prism and is applied to the most minus, or least plus lens in the vertical meridian to offset excessive base down (BD) induced by the opposite lens. Slab-off can be incorporated into either a glass or plastic lens, although each is manufactured in a different way. The main difference is that a glass lens has the slab-off ground on the front surface since the bifocal is fused into the lens, and a plastic lens has it ground on the back surface due to the presence of the molded bifocal segment on the front.
Reverse slab-off lenses are molded, or cast with base down prism in the lower segment area, rather than having base up prism generated using bi-centric grinding. The advantage here is that reverse slab-off lenses can be kept in inventory by the lab as semi-finished lenses facilitating normal surfacing techniques, resulting in faster delivery time. Because reverse slab-off provides BD prism instead of BU, it is always used on the most plus or least minus lens in the vertical meridian to offset excessive BU induced by its partner.
In a situation where large amounts of vertical imbalance are present, for example, greater than 6D, consider using slab-off for one eye and reverse slab for the other.
RECOMMENDED STEPS FOR ORDERING
Calculate how much vertical imbalance is induced by the distance lenses and determine if it will create visual discomfort for the patient.
Using Table 1, apply slab-off or reverse slab to the appropriate lens.
Order the slab line placement at the appropriate position based on the multi-focal style being used as indicated in Table 2.
Occasionally, the prescribing doctor will indicate the need for slab off. However, the optician must always be on the alert for its need since ultimately it is the optician's responsibility.
LENS DETERMINATION FOR SLAB-OFF/REVERSE SLAB
The following table illustrates on which lens to place the slab-off/reverse slab depending on the lens combination being utilized. A simple way to remember the rule is to visualize the slab for what it is and what it provides to the optical system:
Slab-off provides base up prism so it will always be applied to the lower part of the lens that is naturally inducing the most base down, or least base up prism when viewing through a position below the distance OC. Hence, the most minus or least plus.
THE SLAB-OFF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
(Modified from "Clinical Optics" by Fannin and Grosvenor)
A slab-off lens is made using a procedure called bi-centric grinding. After the front surface
of the lens is finished in the usual manner, a dummy or cover lens manufactured
to match the base curve of the required lens is then cemented onto the front surface.
The front surface is then reground using the tool originally used for that surface, but
ground in a way that the dummy is ground away in the upper portion while leaving
it attached to the lower portion. The back surface is then finished with the remaining
dummy considered as an integral part of the blank. The blank is now an equal thickness
at the top and bottom unless the prescription calls for prism in the distance.
When the lens is finished, the remaining dummy on the lower portion is removed.
The dummy is base down prism resulting in the addition of base up prism in the
lower portion of the lens.
This procedure also results in an upward displacement of the center of curvature of
the front surface of the lens in the lower portion, resulting in the front surface having
two centers of curvature, one for the upper portion and for the lower, but both having
the same curvature. This produces a unique optical axis for each of the two portions
of the lens.
Bi-centric grinding can be done on either the front surface in the case of a fused lens
such as a glass flat top bifocal, or on the back surface in the case of a lens where the
multifocal segment results in a wedge on the front surface such as a plastic bifocal.
Conversely, reverse slab provides base down prism so it will always be applied to the lower part of the lens that is naturally inducing the most base up or least base down prism when viewing through a position below the distance OC. Therefore, the most plus or least minus.
It should be noted that although slab-off can be used on any lens, cosmetically it works best on a flat top bifocal due to the slab line forming a continuation of the top of the segment. In addition, the wider the bifocal used, the less noticeable the slab line will be.
Note: When working with a progressive lens, your lab can often offer the best recommendation for the location of the slab placement depending on the progressive being used. Some patients wearing progressive lenses will experience less vertical imbalance than with a lined multi-focal due to the moving optical center in a progressive from distance to near. For this reason, it may not always be necessary to correct for moderate amounts of vertical imbalance.
EVALUATING FOR VERTICAL IMBALANCE IN A SPHERO-CYLINDER LENS
Determining lens power in the vertical meridian of a spherical lens is very straightforward since it is the same in both meridians. However, with a sphero-cylinder lens, this is not the case; the sphere and cylinder powers are ground at 90 degrees to one another. All the cylinder power is effective at 90 degrees to the cylinder axis, and only the sphere power is effective along the cylinder axis. When evaluating for lateral or horizontal prism, the effective power in the horizontal or 180-degree meridian is the one to use for calculation purposes. When determining vertical prism or vertical imbalance, the effective power in the vertical or 90-degree meridian is the one to be considered. The following examples will demonstrate how to calculate vertical imbalance when presented with a variety of different prescriptions.
- Example 1:
OD: PL -2.00 x 090 ADD +2.50
OD: PL SPH ADD +2.50
At first glance, the prescription for both eyes appears notably different. Assuming this prescription would need correcting for vertical imbalance based on the numbers alone would be an easy mistake to make. However, before jumping to any conclusions, it is important to closely dissect the prescriptions. The simplest way to do this is using a power cross. A power cross is used to illustrate the effective power in each meridian separated by 90 degrees. It is beneficial for the optician to become familiar with using a power cross since the process is also used when determining vertexed power modifications with toric contact lenses.
Remember, for vertical imbalance we are concerned only with the lens power in the vertical or 90-degree meridian. Also, remember all the cylinder power is present in a lens at 90 degrees to the axis, and only the sphere power is effective along the meridian in line with the cylinder axis.
For the right eye, the axis is 090 so all the cylinder power is present in the hori zontal or 180-degree meridian. In the vertical or 90-degree meridian, the total power is plano. For the left eye, the lens is plano in both horizontal and vertical meridians. Let's plot this out:
The effective power in the vertical meridians for both eyes is plano. Therefore, regardless of the reading position, because there is effectively no power in the vertical meridian, using the Prentice rule, we can determine there will be no induced prism and consequently no vertical imbalance at the reading level in this scenario.
- Example 2:
OD: +2.50 - 1.00 x 045 ADD +2

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Multilevel factor analysis models are widely used in the social sciences to account for heterogeneity in mean structures. In this paper we extend previous work on multilevel models to account for general forms of heterogeneity in confirmatory factor analysis models. We specify various models of mean and covariance heterogeneity in confirmatory factor analysis and develop Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedures to perform Bayesian inference, model checking, and model comparison.
We test our methodology using synthetic data and data from a consumption emotion study. The results from synthetic data show that our Bayesian model perform well in recovering the true parameters and selecting the appropriate model. More importantly, the results clearly illustrate the consequences of ignoring heterogeneity. Specifically, we find that ignoring heterogeneity can lead to sign reversals of the factor covariances, inflation of factor variances and underappreciation of uncertainty in parameter estimates. The results from the emotion study show that subjects vary both in means and covariances. Thus traditional psychometric methods cannot fully capture the heterogeneity in our data.
Ansari, Asim, Kamel Jedidi, and Laurette Dube. "Heterogeneous Factor Analysis Models: A Bayesian Approach." Psychometrika 67, no. 1 (March 2002): 49-78.
Each author name for a Columbia Business School faculty member is linked to a faculty research page, which lists additional publications by that faculty member.
Each topic is linked to an index of publications on that topic.


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We require a simple example of a VB2010 program that creates one or more pivot tables based on entries in a worksheet. The attachment includes [url removed, login to view] containing a worksheet, IPROF, of some financial transactions. Also a shell VB2010 program is attached which calls generatepivot. The project is to write generatepivot.
The is a simple project (probably under 75 lines of code) with anyone familiar with pivot tables, VB2010, etc. Fuller details are given in the attachment including an example copied from elsewhere
The test of whether it works will be:
1 Enabling VB2010 to drive this
2 Testing by changing generatepivot parameters.
3 A compiled version which we can re build from source


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Thoughts on native mobile development on Microsoft platforms
Monday, October 26, 2009
HOWTO: Implement a text ticker
Here's the answer to yet another question asked on the Windows Mobile Developer Center Forums: How to implement a text ticker. The request implied for a flicker-free implementation, so a memory bitmap is required. This bitmap is generated whenever the screen changes size (CTextTickerView::OnSize) or when the text itself changes (CTextTickerView::SetTickerText). To calculate the text size when printed with the given font, a call is made to CDC::GetTextExtent which returns both the height and the width of the text in pixels. The off-screen is then created using the screen width and the text height plus a few padding pixels (CTextTickerView::ResizeBitmap).
Scrolling of the ticker is achieved through a timer that shifts the ticker printing position every 100 ms. The ticker is painted by invalidating its own rectangle and the whole painting process is performed on CTextTickerView::OnPaint. Note how the ticker text gets painted a second time tailing the first instance in order to give a continuous feel. Also note how the x offset is incremented by the timer handler. Go and have a look at the code!


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Replica of Phoenician Ship Attempts Reenactment
A 70 foot long replica of a Phoenician ship is attempting to recreate the first circumnavigation of Africa, believed to have been accomplished by Phoenician mariners 2600 years ago.
The Phoenicia left Syria in August 2008. The plan was to travel through the Suez Canal, down the east coast of Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope, up the west coast of Africa and back to the Mediterranean, then make another voyage to the United Kingdom summer of 2009. In total the voyages project to 17,000 miles and 12 months at sea. Teams of 16 multinationals crew the Phoenicia through various legs of the journey.
But the lastest update we can find is by checking in on the Phoenicia Blog. The most recent entry reads: "After 12 and a half days bobbing on the ocean, Phoenicia docked safely in Salalah, southern Oman late on Friday evening 11th." (That's September 11th, 2009.) It seems the boat made it through the Suez Canel, worked along the Yemini coast, spent some time in Port Sudan, and made it to Oman. Apparently they are moving up the coast of the Saudi Peninsula before attempting the circumnavigation. (See Google area map)
From around 1200 BC the Phoenicians thrived in the Mediterranean. Based originally on the coast of Syria, Lebanon and Palestine, they spread throughout the Mediterranean. The Phoenician civilization lasted nearly a thousand years.
The replica ship was built at Arwad Island, an ancient Phoenician city state off the Syrian coast, using traditional Phoenician construction materials and methods. The design specs were created using evidence from shipwrecks and archaeological finds, as well as advice from scholars and shipwrights. (We're are guessing the original Phoenician in 600 BC didn't have the diesel engine the replica is using, however.)
Some wonderful artwork, including photos and a series of sketches and painting by Danielle, an expedition artist, can be seen at _URL_ We suggest you start at the bottom of the page.
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Water Returns to the San Joaquin
On October 1, water started to flow down two stretches of the San Joaquin River in California for the first time since Truman was President. This is part of an ambitious restoration program to return chinook to the once salmon-rich river. The sections of river have been dry, except for flooding in very wet years, since Friant Dam diverted most of the river into two giant irrigation canals.
The increased flow will continue for six weeks. It is the first of several years of test releases to study the effect of restoring year-round flows to a river that has been completely dry over a 60-mile stretch.
Pivoting Steel Levy Bridge, San Joaquin Delta
The Water Issue with Solar Power
Renewable energy production takes a lot of water. With droughts and shortages in many areas, the limited supply could crimp the ability of renewable energy providers to create green energy. To illlustrate, a water war is breaking out in the dry Southwest over the dozens of large-scale solar power plants planned for the region. Depending on the technology used, some solar farms can consume more than a billion gallons of water a year in regions that receive three or four inches of rain annually.
The drought in the Southeast US that lasted from 2005 to 2007 resulted from random weather events, not global warming, Columbia University researchers have concluded. They say the severe water shortages were a result of population growth.


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Working out and exercising is fantastic and brings great benefits to the body, however one should not walk right into a gym and start lifting anything they want to. It's quite common to see people start lifting weights without knowing that their form is incorrect. Even people who have been going to the gym for years may not realize that they have been using an improper form the entire time. What is proper form and why is it so important? The type of exercise you are doing will determine what the proper form should be, but generally you should research the proper positioning/alignment of your body to preform the exercise, as well as the range of motion of that particular exercise. These are so key because improper form can lead to serious injuries, or even worse, spinal damage.
One of the most important things to consider is your back. The spinal column is very prone to injury and proper back alignment is extremely important. For example, consider a barbell curl–if your elbows are in front of your shoulders then you are putting work on to the anterior deltoids. This is causing the tensions to move from the biceps to your shoulders. If you keep the elbows pulled back by to your sides and under the shoulders then you ensure that your biceps perform most of the work. In short, there are many things to keep in mind while exercising to prevent injury and see good progress, so if you are not sure about something, we highly urge you to ask a trainer. If you have any questions or if you are interested in having a personal trainer contact us today.


text: This paper partitioned five major coal mining areas respectively in central, southern and eastern Jilin Province for case study based on current situation of exploitation and distribution of coal resources through artificial neural network(ANN) and the 3S technology to gain soil erosion loss mass. On the basis of RUSLE equation, BP neural network is fused to gain the rainfall erosion index of higher precision than those of traditional method. By extracting of indices and raster calculation on the platform of ERDAS and ArcGIS software, we made predication of soil erosion loss of the coal mining areas. After verification, the precision of rainfall erosion index is high, and thus improved the predicting accuracy of soil erosion. Comparative analysis shows that the soil erosion in central section of Jilin Province has much lower intensity, and high degree erosion occurred in the east and south mostly.


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UK scientists have detected a huge dome of fresh water that is developing in the western Arctic Ocean.
The bulge is some 8,000 cubic km in size and has risen by about 15cm since 2002.
The team thinks it may be the result of strong winds whipping up a great clockwise current in the northern polar region called the Beaufort Gyre.
This would force the water together, raising sea surface height, the group tells the journal Nature Geoscience.
"In the western Arctic, the Beaufort Gyre is driven by a permanent anti-cyclonic wind circulation. It drives the water, forcing it to pile up in the centre of the gyre, and this domes the sea surface," explained lead author Dr Katharine Giles from the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM) at University College London.
"In our data, we see the trend being biggest in the centre of the gyre and less around the edges," she told BBC News.
Dr Giles and colleagues made their discovery using radar satellites belonging to the European Space Agency (Esa).
These spacecraft can measure sea-surface height even when there is widespread ice cover because they are adept at picking out the cracks, or leads, that frequently appear in the frozen floes.
The data (_PHONE_) indicates a significant swelling of water in the Beaufort Gyre, particularly since the early part of the 2000s. The rising trend has been running at 2cm per year.Model prediction
A lot of research from buoys and other in-situ sampling had already indicated that water in this region of the Arctic had been freshening.
This fresh water is coming in large part from the rivers running off the Eurasian (Russian) side of the Arctic basin.
Winds and currents have transported this fresh water around the ocean until it has been pulled into the gyre. The volume currently held in the circulation probably represents about 10% of all the fresh water in the Arctic.
Of interest to future observations is what might happen if the anticyclonic winds, which have been whipping up the bulge, change behaviour.
"What we have seen occurring is precisely what the climate models had predicted," said Dr Giles.
"When you have clockwise rotation - the fresh water is stored. If the wind goes the other way - and that has happened in the past - then the fresh water can be pushed to the margins of the Arctic Ocean.
"If the spin-up starts to spin down, the fresh water could be released. It could go to the rest of the Arctic Ocean or even leave the Arctic Ocean."
If the fresh water were to enter the North Atlantic in large volumes, the concern would be that it might disturb the currents that have such a great influence on European weather patterns. These currents draw warm waters up from the tropics, maintaining milder temperatures in winter than would ordinarily be expected at northern European latitudes.
The creation of the Beaufort Gyre bulge is not a continuous development throughout the 15-year data-set, and only becomes a dominant feature in the latter half of the study period.
This may indicate a change in the relationship between the wind and the ocean in the Arctic brought about by the recent rapid decline in sea-ice cover, the CPOM team argues in its Nature Geoscience paper.
It is possible that the wind is now imparting momentum to the water in ways that were not possible when the sea-ice was thicker and more extensive.
"The ice is now much freer to move around," said Dr Giles.
"So, as the wind acts on the ice, it's able to pull the water around with it. Depending on how ridged the surface of ice is or how smooth the bottom of the ice is - this will all affect the drag on the water. If you have more leads, this also might provide more vertical ice surfaces for the wind to blow against."
One consequence of less sea-ice in the region is the possibility that winds could now initiate greater mixing of the different layers in the Arctic Ocean.
Scientists are aware that there is a lot of warm water at depth.
At present, this deep water's energy is unable to influence the sea-ice because of a buffer of colder, less dense water lying between it and the floes above.
But if this warm water were made to well up because of wind-driven changes at the surface, it could further accelerate the loss of seasonal ice cover.
The CPOM team is now investigating the likelihood of this happening with Cryosat-2, Esa's first radar satellite dedicated to the study of the polar regions.
"We now have the means to measure not only the ice thickness but also to monitor how the ocean under the ice is changing," says Dr Seymour Laxon, director of CPOM and co-author of the study, "and with CryoSat-2, we can now do so over the entire Arctic Ocean."


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The work proposed here is based on new developments in the field of grating-based interferometers allowing to obtain a signature of the bone microstructure from their scattering signal. The obtained information is thus fundamentally different from classical medical imaging methods; this method was identified as extremely relevant for the diagnosis of bone diseases implying structural changes like osteoporosis, which is the main target of this study. The brilliance of the BRIX – and later SPECTRE – source will ensure the success of the technique as preliminary experiments at large scale synchrotron facilities could demonstrate.
The development of an osteoporosis diagnosis tool based on grating-based dark-field imaging implies both theoretical and pre-clinical studies. First an appropriate mathematical framework needs to be developed in order to reconstruct the relevant bone structural information from their scattering signal (à la CT). Secondly, pre-clinical studies must be performed in order to develop a quantitative analysis tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In this frame several trials on clinically relevant samples will be performed and the effect of the micro-structural changes between healthy and pathological samples on the dark field signal will be quantitatively and systematically investigated using BRIX.
A systematic comparison with gold standard methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and histology will be performed. A complete simulation tool of the dark field signal formation in bones will also be developed. High-resolution CT measurement of the samples used as input to the simulation tool will enable a direct cross checking of the experimental and simulation results, thus allowing for a refinement of the measurement method.


Stitches: A Memoir by David Small
Title: Stitches: A Memoir.
Writer(s): David Small.
Illustrator(s)David Small.
Publisher: McClelland & Stewart.
Format: Hardcover.
Release Date: September 14th 2010 (first published September 8th 2009).
Pages: 336.
Genre(s): Comics, Non-Fiction.
ISBN13: 9780771081125.
My Overall Rating: ★★★★☆.
It doesn't take much for a child to dive deep into the dark recesses of his imagination looking for answers, and at other times, looking for refuge. Too young to understand their surrounding, too young to fix everyone's problems and too young to think about anything but their own place in the world, it's during those early teenage years that they are at their most vulnerable and life has no mercy for anyone who finds themselves between a rock and a hard place. How exactly do you cope with the issues you face and seek the mental peace that everyone struggles to attain when the resources aren't within arm's reach? That's where your mind tells you that it's okay to jump into the rabbit's hole and enjoy the freedom that it allows you to explore. But what about the freedom within the real world to know what you should know, to do what you want to do, and to say what you want to say?
Stitches: A Memoir is a graphic memoir of the author David Small. Unequivocally a frightening, stunning and poignant story that brings readers back to his disheartening childhood, David Small gives us a glimpse into how much his voice was a crucial element to his struggles in life, but also the source of inspiration to what he turned out to be today. Bringing us back to Detroit in the 1950s, the story follows fourteen year old David Small and the heavy atmosphere that accompanies the tension within his family, as his mother is emotionally withdrawn, and his father is shoulder-deep into his work as a radiologist. If anything, the household was nothing but inadequate for a child to find any opportunity to fully blossom.
Drawing upon his iconic artwork style, David Small delivers a grayscale dialogue-light story where his childhood-self ironically has a voice much more powerful than the one he was stripped away from as a teenager. The sketches he uses to represent key actors from his life easily convey their personality at the mere sight of them, but their actions speak louder than words, and that's what David Small maximizes to bravely share what was probably one of the toughest periods of his life. By playing upon the silence that he was inflicted through a revelation that forced everyone to acknowledge his new reality, David Small seemed so small that he walked around feeling nonexistent as he became a voiceless child.
While he had to live through these dark times regardless of what others would have wished for him, the process he went through remains one that forced him to understand things that are much bigger than him, much bigger than life itself. What is truly mesmerizing in this unforgettable story is that it doesn't only convey David Small's struggles during that era, it also gives us an exhaustive view of every other person who was present in his life to the point where it became clear that everyone had their own personal struggles, struggles that forged them into the person they are, and for some, the person they wanted to be.
Stitches: A Memoir is an uncomfortable and relatively tragic story that highlights a dark time in David Small's life. It not only brings us to reflect on the horrors that pervaded his childhood, but also on issues related to medicine, to identity, but most importantly, to the gift that is our voice.
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text:
Give the main theme or central idea of the poem 'Small Pain in My Chest' written by Michael Mack. / What is the poem Small Pain in My Chest all about? / What is the poet's message here?
The poem A Small Pain in My Chest begins with a soldier boy calling the narrator and asking his help. The narrator approaches the injured soldier boy and extends his help by offering him some water. After that that two have a conversation about how the boy got injured in war last night. The soldier boy expresses his feelings and thoughts in the course of the chat. But he could not survive his injuries that he calls "a small pain" in his chest, and finally died. The narrator was shocked at his death.
So, the poem is all about a soldier's confessions, thoughts and feelings before death, and the narrator's feelings at his death. Through this poem, the poet actually wants to evoke the pity of war in our minds and raise a war against war. The poem is an anti-war poem.


text:
Water bridge (5mm length, 1mm diameter) between two glasses filled with heavy water, under a voltage of 15 kV.
In 1893 Sir William Armstrong reported a remarkable experiment: if a high voltage is established between two wine-glasses filled to the brim with pure water and connected by a cotton thread, a rope of water is formed and remains suspended between the lips of the two glasses. This "water bridge" can subsist for a few seconds even once the thread has been removed.
Recently, a group of physicists from Graz University, Austria succeeded on establishing a bridge (without any thread!) between the two glasses under a voltage of 20 kV. The length of the bridge may reach values larger than 1 cm, its diameter is of the order of a few mm and the lifetime currently exceeds 1 hour. Under the effect of the electrical field, the local temperature increases and reaches 60° C, a temperature sufficient to break the bridge. More...
Voir aussi le fait marquant :
/ See also the IRAMIS highlight:
Maj : 30/08/2011 (1601)


You are here
The Game of Cops and Robbers in Graphs
Anthony Bonato and Richard J. Nowakowski
American Mathematical Society
Publication Date:
Number of Pages:
Student Mathematical Library 61
BLL Rating:
[Reviewed by
Darren Glass
, on
As the title suggests, The Game of Cops and Robbers on Graphs is a book about a game that you play on graphs. In the basic version of the game there is a single robber that is on one vertex of the graph and a collection of cops on other vertices of the graph. The cops and robbers take turns moving, and on a given turn they can move to any adjacent vertex. Can the robber stay alive forever, outrunning all of the cops, or can the cops corner the robber eventually?
A little thought will convince you that it depends on the graph, on the number of cops, and on the starting positions of the various players, which means that the question leads to some interesting mathematics. A typical question is to fix a connected graph with n vertices, allow the cops to choose their starting positions, and ask whether there is any place that the robber can choose to start so that he will be able to outrun the cops. Clearly if there are n–1 cops then the answer is no — the robber must start in a place connected to cops at all edges and therefore he is dead in the water. It is also clear that if there are no cops then the robber is home free.
So one natural question to ask is what is the minimum number of cops so that wherever they start the robber can evade capture — this number is defined to be the cop number of a graph. It turns out that it is not too complicated to classify those graphs for which a robber can always evade a single cop, but with more than one cop the strategies become increasingly complicated, and calculating this number turns out to be an interesting problem. As the authors write, "all robust fields of mathematics need at least one easy to state but tough to solve problem." Meyniel's conjecture, stating that the cop number of a graph is on the order of the square root of the number of vertices, is their example for this field.
Bonato and Nowakaski discuss the question in general and also analyze what happens in special cases — what if the graph is a product of other graphs? What if the graph has an infinite number of vertices? What can one say about the theory as it applies to random graphs? What types of algorithms can one develop to calculate the cop number in specific cases, and what is the complexity of these algorithms? What happens if you consider other variations, where maybe the cops have only partial information about the location of the robber, or the different players move at different speeds? The authors draw you in to these questions giving many concrete examples and exercises to play with. Throughout the book, they do a nice job of explaining what is known and also what is unknown, keeping the reader abreast of developments in the theory as recent as last year.
The authors do a wonderful job of keeping the exposition lively and engaging, while still covering some deep mathematics and introducing some fascinating ideas. The technical background required to read the book is relatively low, and the authors do a good job of introducing the relevant background as needed. For these reasons, as well as the fact that the subject is itself engaging, this is a book that I would happily hand to an undergraduate math major for an independent study, capstone project, or even just to read for fun! But it is also a book that I think any mathematician could pick up and quickly learn something new and interesting. And I cannot think of a higher compliment to give than that.
Darren Glass is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at Gettysburg College. He can be reached at
 - Introduction
 - Characterizations
 - Meyniel's conjecture
 - Graph products and classes
 - Algorithms
 - Random graphs
 - Infinite graphs
 - Variants of Cops and Robbers
 - Good guys versus bad guys
 - Bibliography
 - Index


When writing a program, sometimes we need to do different things depending on the context: "if this happens, go this way; if that happens, go that way; if none of the above, go this other way".
The conditional statements if, elif (else if) and else allow us to branch the control flow of a program.
The 'if' statement
The if statement allows us to run a certain piece of code only if a certain condition is met. A simple example:
isRaining = True
if isRaining:
 print("take your rain coat")
Here we are using the if statement to check if the variable is set to True; if it is, we print out some text; otherwise, nothing happens.
The expression after if can be anything: a comparison, a membership test, a function, an object, etc.
age = 16
if age < 18:
 print('you cannot get a driver license yet')
The 'if … else' statement
The else statement allows us to run a different piece of code when the condition defined in the if statement is not met:
>>> userName = input("user name: ")
>>> if userName:
... 'hello'+ userName
... else:
... 'error (no name given)'
The example script above will first prompt the user for a name. If one is given, the program will return a greeting; if the question is escaped (by pressing Enter), it will return an error message.
The 'if … elif … else' statement
If we need to handle more than just two conditions, we can use one or more elif (else if) statements between if and else:
hour = 13
if 0 < hour < 12:
 print("good morning")
elif 12 <= hour <= 17:
 print("good afternoon")
 print("good evening")
Nested conditionals
Conditionals can be nested and combined with other expressions into larger compound statements:
if font:
 if font.selectedGlyphs:
 for glyph in font.selectedGlyphs:
 print('no glyphs selected')
 print('no font selected')
Conditional expressions
Conditional expressions or ternary operators are a condensed form of conditional statements. They can be used inline to choose one value or another depending on the evaluation of a statement.
When used well, conditional expressions can help to reduce code size and enhance readability. Here's an example:
sky = 'blue'
value = 10 if sky is 'blue' else 100
The corresponding code using if … else statements would take four lines:
sky = 'blue'
if sky is 'blue':
 value = 10
 value = 100
Last edited on 02/06/2020


text:
Secretary of the Navy Donald Winter announced today the names of four new Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo/ammunition ships (T-AKE) as Matthew Perry, Charles Drew, Washington Chambers and William McLean. All of the Lewis and Clark ships are named in honor of American explorers and pioneers and are being built by General Dynamics NASSCO shipyard in San Diego, Calif.
The selection of Matthew Perry, designated T-AKE 9, honors Navy Commodore Matthew C. Perry (_PHONE_), who led a squadron of ships to Japan in 1853 with the aim of opening that nation to trade. He served during the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War, and was sent to suppress piracy and the slave trade in the West Indies.
The selection of Charles Drew, designated T-AKE 10, honors Dr. Charles R. Drew (_PHONE_), a physician and medical researcher whose pioneering work in the late 1930s and early 1940s led to the discovery that blood could be separated into plasma. The model for blood and plasma storage developed by Drew has saved untold lives and is the same process used today by the Red Cross. In 1943, he became the first African-American surgeon to serve as an examiner on the American Board of Surgery. T-AKE 10 will be the first Navy ship named after Drew.
The selection of Washington Chambers, designated T-AKE 11, honors Navy Capt. Washington Irving Chambers (_PHONE_), a pioneer in naval aviation. Responsible for the Navy's nascent aviation activities, Chambers arranged the world's first airplane flight from a warship. The Nov. 14, 1910, flight by aviator Eugene Ely on the light cruiser the USS Birmingham (CL-2) confirmed the potential of carrier-based naval aviation. T-AKE 11 will be the first Navy ship named after Chambers.
The selection of William McLean, designated T-AKE 12, honors William Burdette McLean (_PHONE_), who conceived and developed the heat-seeking Sidewinder air-to-air missile while serving as a physicist for the Navy. During World War II, McLean worked on ordnance equipment and testing at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C. Following the war, he moved to the Naval Ordnance Test Station in China Lake, Calif., where he led the project team developing the Sidewinder missile. T-AKE 12 will be the first Navy ship named after McLean.
The T-AKEs are 689 feet in length, have an overall beam of 106 feet, a navigational draft of 30 feet and displace approximately 42,000 tons. Powered by single-shaft diesel-electric propulsion systems, the T-AKEs can reach a speed of 20 knots. As part of the Military Sealift Command's (MSC) Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force, the T-AKEs are designated United States Naval Ship (USNS). Unlike their United States Ship (USS) counterparts, the T-AKEs are crewed by 124 civil service mariners working for MSC, as well as 11 sailors who provide supply coordination. When needed, the T-AKEs can also carry a helicopter detachment.


text:
The mandiblard family(ヒメアギト科?, lit.: "Princess Jaw family") consists of seven known species, two of which demonstrate a degree of sexual dimorphism not uncommon to insects. On a whole they have little vitality and are not especially dangerous, but like the Cloaking Burrow-nit, they are infamous for tearing apart nearby stick bridges which Pikmin have built. In the main games, due to their general inability to present any danger, these enemies are usually found in groups of three or more, and are nearly always buried in the ground, appearing only when a leader or Pikmin approaches close by. In Hey! Pikmin, most of them are found constantly outside of the ground. This game also introduces four members of the family, making about half the members exclusive to Hey! Pikmin. In the first two games, members of the mandiblard family will gradually lose health while in water.
Sheargrubs, Shearwigs, and Sporegrubs in this family are in the Himeagea genus, Shearblugs are in the Rotundus genus, Speargrubs are in the Dentefaber genus, and Queen Shearwigs are in the Turbulens genus, revealing they are completely different from normal Shearwigs. All enemies that are known not to have Himeagea as a genus name, instead have it as a species name. This is likely a mistake, since arguably every enemy in the family is supposed to be under Himeagea, and these enemies's genus names should actually be their species. This has not been confirmed, however.
List of members
Female Sheargrubs are a much lighter color than the males and have significantly smaller mandibles, making them unable to cause direct harm to a leader or any Pikmin, though they are still a menace to bridges. They can be ignored in most situations, perhaps only useful as a means of easy-access nectar, which they will produce if killed while petrified.
Male Sheargrubs have a dark purple shell and large mandibles. They are capable of attacking leaders and the Pikmin, but are not a serious threat, as they can only eat one Pikmin at a time. In Pikmin, when a Male Sheargrub has a Pikmin in its mouth, it is invulnerable to most attacks and can only be defeated either after it has eaten its prey, or if another Pikmin is thrown directly onto its back. This was fixed in Pikmin 2, allowing players to kill them by any method even if they have a Pikmin in their jaws.
The Queen Shearwig is a large mandiblard, and leader of a swarm of Shearwigs in a boss battle. It rarely attacks directly, instead choosing to send its army of Shearwigs to attack Captain Olimar and the Winged Pikmin with him. The Shearwigs also serve as protection to their queen, which can only be reached once the Shearwigs in the way are cleared.
The Shearblug is an amphibious enemy encountered in Hey! Pikmin. It resembles a Female Sheargrub with a longer, more grub-like body and spots on its sides. It attacks by curling into a ball, forcing spikes to emerge from its back, then rolling toward Olimar. It can be defeated by throwing a single Pikmin onto it when its spikes are retracted.
Shearwigs are enemies in all Pikmin games. The females of this species are never seen, as they spend nearly their entire life underground. The males have a dark green shell, sporting simple wings and large, sickle-shaped mouthparts. They are slightly more aggressive than Male Sheargrubs and will fly to safety when their health reaches half; up in the air, they regain health. One well-aimed Pikmin will bring a flying Shearwig down for good. Both Sheargrubs and Shearwigs will drown quickly in water, so luring them into a pool is an alternative strategy. Shearwigs deal the most damage to leaders out of any enemy in Pikmin 2.
Speargrubs are a type of mandiblard encountered in Hey! Pikmin. They are green in color, with a small, teal mouth and spikes lining their back. They emerge from holes in walls against the background, and slowly crawl down until they duck into another hole, where they will return to the first hole and repeat at regular intervals. They do not actively pursue Pikmin, but are still hazardous due to the spikes, so they should be treated as an obstacle. Rock Pikmin cannot be hurt by the spikes, and throwing one at a Speargrub will cause it to freeze in place for a few seconds. However, they cannot be defeated and must simply be avoided.
Sporegrubs are a type of mandiblard found in Hey! Pikmin. Unlike other members of the mandiblard family, Sporegrubs have no visible mouths. Their heads are dark brown with bright green eyes, and their bodies are purple with pink spots. Two rows of spikes line their backs, though these are just for show and don't harm the Pikmin. They also have six tiny legs, making them the only mandiblard to have visible limbs. When approached, Sporegrubs attack by expelling poisonous gas that will instantly kill Pikmin. They crawl along set paths against the back wall that they appear from. They can be defeated by a single Pikmin thrown onto them.
Official family unknown
Swarming Sheargrubs are a green subspecies of the mandiblard family, quite similar to the Female Sheargrub. They are found only in Pikmin 3, usually in groups of six to eight. They can drink nectar to increase in size and weigh objects down. When attacked, the entire group goes into a panic and scatters. Swarming Sheargrubs can't attack the player or Pikmin, making it the second member of this family to be completely harmless. It is unknown if they can eat stick bridges since the bridges in Pikmin 3 are made of clay Fragments. Their mandibles are shorter and stubbier than a Female Sheargrub's, but only by a little bit. Although they have many similarities to the Female Sheargrubs, they do not have a known gender.
The family's name comes from the word "mandible". The names of the members derive from the word "shear", given that the sound they make when chomping down bridges sounds strikingly similar to a real world pair of shears closing. The Sheargrubs' names also derive from the word "grub", since they're like real life worms. Their Japanese names use the term ウジンコ?, in which ウジ? means "maggot", and インコ? means "parrot". The "parrot" part might reference their mouth, which looks like the beak of a parakeet, but also their ability to destroy bridges since parakeets are known for digging holes in wood to make their nests. The genus name of this family's members is Himeagea, whose meaning is unknown. However in the Japanese games their Japanese name and family name is ヒメアギト? which is where Himeagea probably derived from.
In Pikmin, all mandiblards share the same internal name,
Names in other languages


text:
Sandra asked: How can I get rid of a horrible smell in my carpet? A big storm went through and knocked out our power for a couple of days. I took all the meat out of the deep freeze, but didn't even think about it defrosting until it was too late. In the middle of the night, the water ran out of the freezer and onto the floor. The deep freeze is in the laundry room, so there was no problem cleaning the floor there. However, the laundry room sits next to my closet wall, and the water ran under the wall into the closet carpet. I have steam cleaned the carpet, put baking soda on it and let it set overnight. The smell is better, but it still stinks! Any suggestions?
Carpet seems to capture odors and hold onto them for dear life. These odors can be removed, and the time and effort will depend largely on the type and intensity of the odor. If the odor is strong, be prepared to use several applications and repeat the ones that work. Persistence is key. When possible, adding fresh air always helps to expedite the process. Below are several different applications, all of which will battle odors. Try each one until the odor is removed or lessened. When you find one that is effective for your particular odor type, repeat the applications until the smell is gone.
You Will Need:
- Baking Soda
- White vinegar
- Spray bottle
- Soft cloths
Steps to Remove the Odor:
- Baking soda is well known for removing odors. It's easy to use and effective for removing odors from carpeting.
- Sprinkle the area liberally with baking soda. For odors that go beyond the surface, brush the area lightly with a broom to work the baking soda down into the fibers.
- Sprinkle an additional layer of baking soda on top of the carpet. Thin layers of baking soda will not work as effectively. Do not be afraid to use enough to get rid of the odor.
- Allow the baking soda to set at least overnight on the affected area. Two days is even better, if possible.
- After 1-2 days have passed, sweep the top layer of baking soda into the dustpan with a stiff broom. If the baking soda was placed on a rug, it can be shaken off outdoors.
- Vacuum the remaining baking soda from the carpet with a strong vacuum. Do not vacuum the top layer first, as this can damage the vacuum.
- Smell the area to see if there is improvement. If there is, reapply another layer of baking soda and repeat the process. Baking soda does not damage the carpeting, so the process can be repeated as often as necessary.
- If the odor is not removed, vinegar can be applied to the carpet. It can be sprayed on the surface or blotted on with a soft cloth. If the odor is from a liquid that has been absorbed by the carpet, it will be necessary to apply enough vinegar to reach the source of the odor (keep in mind that it may have soaked into the padding as well), but avoid saturating the carpet.
- Allow the vinegar to set on the carpet for 15 minutes or so. The acid in the vinegar can work through the odor-causing bacteria in the carpet.
- Blot with a clean cloth to remove.
- Rinse by spraying and/or blotting the area with clean water.
- Press with a clean cloth to absorb any remaining water.
- Allow to air dry completely.
- Repeat as necessary until the stain is removed.
Additional Tips and Ideas
- Hydrogen peroxide can also be applied to odor-filled areas. Check a small area first to ensure there is no damage to the color of the carpet.
- If the rug is small enough that it can be placed in the washing machine, it may be fastest and easiest to wash it as normal. Adding a cup of vinegar to the wash cycle will offer additional odor-fighting power.
- Steam cleaners can be rented at most grocery and department stores and can be used to clean the carpets more deeply than blotting. There are also odor-fighting cleaning solutions that can be added to the water for extra cleaning.
Cut down a bit of stomach fat every day by never eating these 5 foods


text:
Dietary and Lifestyle Considerations
Several epidemiological studies have analyzed associations between dietary factors and fibroid development. Women who consume greater quantities of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products appear to have a decreased risk of developing fibroids (He 2013; Wise 2011; Wise 2010) whereas women who consume more beef, ham, or other red meats may have an increased risk of developing fibroids (Trivedi 2009; Chiaffarino 1999).
Glycemic index is a measure of a food's ability to increase blood glucose levels compared to a carbohydrate such as glucose or white bread. Glycemic load is a measure arrived at by multiplying the glycemic index of a serving of food by the grams of carbohydrates it contains. An analysis of over 21 000 African-American women reported that those with a higher dietary glycemic index or glycemic load may have a slightly increased risk of developing fibroids. Additional analysis found that African-American women under the age of 35 years with a high glycemic load diet also had an increased risk of uterine fibroids (Radin 2010).
Women who exercise appear to have a reduced risk of developing fibroids (Elsevier BV 2011). A dose-response pattern is apparent, such that women who exercise seven hours or more per week reduce their risk more than women who exercise two hours or less per week (Baird 2007). The effects of exercise on fibroid growth may be due to loss of body fat. Studies have shown that women who exercise and reduce their body fat by more than 2% have reduced levels of the sex hormones testosterone, estrone, and estradiol (Brown 2012). Exercise also reduces levels of insulin and IGFs (Aarnio 2001). These combined effects may decrease a woman's risk of developing uterine fibroids (Elsevier BV 2011).


All about tapioca pearl that might surprise you
Tapioca is essentially a starch that is synthesized from the root of the cassava plant, scientifically termed Manihot esculenta. It is often processed into little round particles that look like pearls and is a popular ingredient in many South American and Asian recipes such as bubble tea, puddings, jams, jellies, and desserts.
How Are Tapioca Pearls Made?
The roots of cassava are finely ground, to extract the starchy liquid. Following this, the inherent water content is allowed to evaporate and the end-product is a fine white powder. Finally, this powder is made to undergo manufacturing processes, including sieving under high pressure, to produce bright white, translucent spheres that resemble pearls, therefore giving the name of tapioca pearls.
What Are Tapioca Pearls Used For?
Tapioca pearl is traditionally added in Indian cooking, particularly in recipes prepared during festivals like Navratri, Diwali and Varalakshmi Vrat, as these dishes are consumed following a fast. These fluffy circular gems are a time-tested Ayurvedic remedy for cooling the body post fasting for several hours and also effectively regulate the stomach acids, thereby aiding in smooth digestion. Also, being an instant source of calories, Tapioca pearls help in combating fatigue.
How Nutritious Are Tapioca Pearls?
Tapioca pearls primarily contain starch, a simple carbohydrate that is easily digested and is also a direct source of energy. However, this is not the only nutritious benefit offered by Tapioca pearl, although it is comparatively less wholesome when compared with other fiber-rich grains such as wheat and oats. It is low in sodium content, practically has no cholesterol and comprises significant quantities of calcium, for strengthening bones. In addition, Tapioca pearl also provides iron for blood synthesis and transport, manganese for optimal metabolism and folate for ensuring proper DNA synthesis and cell division in all the bodily tissues.
Today, Tapioca pearl is incorporated in a wide variety of dishes all over the world, as its beneficial use in low-sodium, cholesterol-free restricted diets is well-recognized. It is used immensely to prevent the risk of chronic diseases like muscular atrophy, boost metabolism and enhance overall well-being.
How to cook tapioca pearls
 1. Helps In Weight Gain
Tapioca pearl is a vegetarian food and a rich source of the purest and simplest forms of carbohydrates and starches. This aids in building essential fat tissues to protect internal organs, as well as ensures uniform lipid distribution across the body and is hence very useful for those who are underweight.
 1. Ideal For Restricted Diets
Being naturally gluten-free, nut-free and grain-free, Tapioca pearl is a perfect ingredient that can be routinely added in the diet of people suffering from food allergies and gluten sensitivity. Gluten is a protein intrinsically present in some whole grains such as wheat, barley and rye which triggers a severe reaction in some people whose bodies are averse to this component.
 1. Promotes Strong Muscle Growth
Tapioca pearl abounds in essential amino acids and is a good source of vegetarian protein, both of which are crucial for many enzymatic reactions in cells and tissues in the body, to maintain proper functioning of all the organs. Moreover, it adds muscle mass and improves the tensile strength of connective tissues, thereby fostering muscular development.
 1. Regulates Proper Digestive Function
As Tapioca pearl is an unprocessed food, the simple sugars and starches it contains will promptly be assimilated in the body and broken down in the stomach, to provide a source of energy. Furthermore, Tapioca pearl also helps in eliminating blockages in the gut passage upon digestion and hence prevents constipation and irritable bowel syndrome
 1. Combats Neural Tube Defects
Tapioca pearl can be taken by expecting mothers, as it has profuse amounts of folate, that plays a vital role in the normal development of the foetus, avoiding any chances of neural tube defects and other birth abnormalities in the newborn. Folate also enhances red blood cell synthesis, required for transporting nutrients to vital organs in the body.
Tapioca pearl, when taken in moderation, is extremely beneficial for easing the digestive process, promoting strong bones and muscles, gaining weight and boosting energy levels when feeling exhausted and tired. Consume this cholesterol-free grain variant after properly softening it by soaking in water, to procure the wonderful rewards it offers for complete wellness.


text:
(A) Date of entry.
(1) If an opt-in source provided monthly data under rule 3745-103-33 of the Administrative Code, the opt-in source's opt-in permit may become effective at the beginning of a calendar quarter as of January first, April first, July first, or October first.
(B) Prorating by calendar quarter. Where a combustion source's opt-in permit becomes effective on April first, July first, or October first of a given year, the USEPA will prorate the allowance allocation for that first year by the calendar quarters remaining in the year as follows:
Allowances for the first year
(1) For combustion sources that commenced operations before January 1, 1985,
(2) For combustion sources that commenced operations after January 1, 1985,
(3) Under paragraphs (B)(1) and (B)(2) of this rule,
(a) "Remaining calendar quarters" shall be the calendar quarters in the first year for which the opt-in permit will be effective.
(b) Fuel consumption for remaining calendar quarters =
Where unit conversion = 2 for coal
= 0.001 for oil
= 1 for gas
For other fuels, the combustion source must specify unit conversion;
And where starting month = April, if effective date is April first;
= July, if effective date is July first
= October, if effective date is October first


text:
Hands, it has often been said, denote a person's character almost as much as the face.
Study your sitter's hands, give them something to do, so that they do not look as though they have been left lying there in the lap.
Remember to construct them well, arrange them so that they don't appear stiff, so that they form a pleasant shape in themselves, and above all don't skimp the amount of work you expend on them.
A good deal of valuable knowledge can be gained by drawing your own hand in different positions and in front of a mirror.
Continue to How to Show Age and Character
HOW TO DRAW PEOPLE:
Introduction to Drawing People
Materials Needed to Draw People
The Essentials of Drawing People
Posing the Sitter for a Portrait
Composition for a Portrait
How to Draw Hands
How to Show Age and Character
How to Convey Emotions
Using Planes to Render People
Using Humor to Show Character
Examples of Portraits: Mother
Examples of Portraits: Brother
Examples of Portraits: Little Brother
Examples of Portraits: Uncle
Drawing Groups of People
Line Drawings of People
Watercolors of People


Pythia8 Generation of Z' Processes
The download and installation of Pythia8 can be found here. If the user does not have any experience with Pythia8 then it is recommended to follow the Pythia8 installation on that page in order to gain general familiarity with the event generator.
The production of Z\x92 decays within the context of the E6 models is a fairly straightforward process since Pythia8 includes the Z\x92 inherently within the standalone package. In order to generate the Z\x92 decays Pythia8 requires the setting of a number of parameters and hopefully this twiki page should guide the user towards successful generation.
The Pythia8 Online Manual is linked and the Z\x92 documentation can be found within the New Gauge Bosons section of the Process Select category.
Parameter Specification
This section will describe the parameters that need to be set in order for Pythia8 to do its job. The parameters included within this section must be modified before event generation and must be included in the generation code through the command:
where value is the parameter to be modified. In order to start the generation of Z\x92 decays the user must include:
NewGaugeBoson::ffbar2gmZZprime = on
which will set the process for the generation. Next the user should specify the final state particles that they would want in their event. If the user wants only a single type of particle, for example electron/positron final states, two commands must be in place:
32:onMode = off
32:onIfAny = 11
where the first command switched off all decay modes for the Z\x92, which has an ID of 32, and the second command then switched on the decay mode for only electron/positron final states. This twiki will assume electron/positron final states but the same could be done for muons where the user should input the muon ID into the string.
The mass of the Z\x92 that Pythia8 uses is set at 500 GeV by default. The way to modify the mass of the Z\x92 is with:
32:m0 = 1500
which will produce a 1500 GeV Z\x92 and can obviously be changed to any mass value.
Next up is to select the mode that the user wants to run the generation in. This will specify which of the particles: photon/Z/Z\x92 contribute to the event and will impact various distributions. For example, if Z/Z\x92 is being used then in the invariant mass of the final state particles there will be two peaks: one for the Z and one for the Z\x92.
Regardless of what is specified here the ID of the intermediary particle will always be assigned a value of 32 and the possible decay channels are specified by the decay channels that are allowed for the Z\x92.
The various modes are:
0: photon/Z/Z\x92 with interference
1: pure photon
2: pure Z
3: pure Z\x92
4: photon/Z with interference
5: photon/Z\x92 with interference
6: Z/Z\x92 with interference
And the argument that needs to be included is:
Zprime:gmZmode = 0
Forward-Backward Asymmetry Note: If you are planning on looking at AFB then it is going to be necessary to run with additional interference from the photon. If the user ran with strictly Z\x92 then the AFB will be approximately zero. When I ran my generation with photon/Z/Z' interference the correct AFB plot would eventually be produced.
Finally we get to the couplings for the Z\x92 which will define which of the E6 models the user is generating. Pythia8 allows for the specification of the axial and vector couplings to all the quarks and leptons in the Standard Model but the more general setting has the user specifying the couplings for the first generation and then assuming they are the same for the others. In order to accomplish this the user should add to their code:
Zprime:universality = on
So that now the only couplings that need to be specified are the ones for the first generation and Pythia will use these values for the other generations. It should be noted that Pythia8 uses its own convention for the Z\x92 couplings. Thus the user will not be able to take the couplings from a theory paper and directly place them into their code. If the user wishes to see the Pythia8 convention and how it compares with other conventions the relevant paper can be found here which will contain the expressions for each of the couplings as a function of the mixing angle on page 6.
And to set the couplings for the various particles the arguments are:
Zprime:vd = 0
Zprime:ad = 0.5055
Zprime:vu = 0
Zprime:au = 0.5055
Zprime:ve = 0
Zprime:ae = 0.5055
Zprime:vnue = 0.2527
Zprime:anue = 0.2527
where the values presented are for the E6 Psi model. Additionally the Z\x92 couplings for various E6 models within the Pythia convention already in decimal form can be found here: LINK.
An example of a Pythia8.cc file that generates Z\x92 decays is located here. This file will generate 10,000 events for Z\x92 -> e- e+ with photon/Z/Z\x92 interference within the E6 Psi model and saves it to a LHE file. The LHE file can then be converted to a root n-tuple using ExRootAnalysis.
Radiation and the Event Record
The next modification that the user may wish to do is to allow leptons the ability to radiate photons. By default Pythia8 has this option turned off and the LHEF initialization should be:
LHAupFromPYTHIA8 myLHA(&pythia.process, &;
If the user wanted to change the default so that leptons could radiate photons the string that must be included is:
TimeShower:QEDshowerByL = on
and the LHEF initialization must also be changed to:
LHAupFromPYTHIA8 myLHA(&pythia.event, &;
so that the event record will contain the radiated photons and their corresponding decays. If the LHEF initialization is not modified then the event record may be incomplete and the kinematics might not reflect the changes caused by the radiation.
Once the two changes are in place Pythia8 will generate your events with radiation and produce the correct LHE file. This file will contain thousands of particles for each event due to the radiation of photons and their corresponding decays. Since the photons will decay into electron/positron states there may be multiple pairs of final state electrons and the challenge becomes finding the pair that decayed from the intermediary Z and not the photons. This is complicated because of how Pythia8 handles radiation and how it modifies the particle record. In order to radiate photons Pythia8 will create a chain of the same type of particle with small changes in momentum between them (i.e. electron -> electron -> electron and the same can be true for the Z/Z'/positron). The differences in momentum between the electrons in the chain will correspond to the momentum of a photon in your event which was radiated by the electron. These chains of particles will prevent the user from looking at the first mother of the electron as it may return another electron and not the intermediary boson.
The simplest method of determining the electron pair that had decayed from the intermediary boson is to select the highest pt electron and positron. This will work the majority of the time and is a useful method when looking at particles that have went through a detector simulation.
However if the user wants to find only the electrons coming off of the boson then they will need to exploit the mother and child relationshipos. When converting the LHE file to a root n-tuple using ExRootAnalysis the user will be given two additional variables: Mother1 and Mother2. These designate the position in the particle index where the mother is stored and can be used to find the correct final state particles. There is one caveat: the particle index starts at 0 while the index in Mother1 and Mother2 start at 1. In order to determine the mother's ID of the current final state particle the user should write the following into their code:
int RealMotherIndex = Particle_Mother1[i] -1;
int MotherID = Particle_PID[RealMotherIndex];
where "i" is the index being looped over within the particle loop.
-- AaronVermeersch - 10 Jul 2013
Topic attachments
I Attachment Action Size DateSorted ascending Who Comment
E6_Zprime_Generation.cccc manage 2 K 09 Jul 2013 - 16:27 AaronVermeersch Example of a Script to Generate Z' Processes in E6 Psi Models
E6Parameters.shsh manage 836 bytes 09 Jul 2013 - 16:30 AaronVermeersch Calculated Z' Couplings for Various Models
Topic revision: r6 - 13 Aug 2013, AaronVermeersch
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text:
Topology Based Optimization of Suspension and Steering Mechanisms of Automobiles
MetadataShow full item record
This thesis proposes a kinematic based optimization of the characteristics of suspension and steering systems by focusing on their dynamics interaction. Two of the most important suspension mechanisms are modeled. A new approach based on combining transformation matrix and vector analysis is used resulting in less time and memory consumption during optimization. Modelling is verified by comparing the results with multi-body dynamics software. Further, the steering importance and its effects on the suspension are discussed, along with modelling and analysis of the rack and pinion steering mechanism. The optimization aims at the road holding and vehicle stability considering the effects of steering mechanism on the suspension. Therefore, the cost function is defined based on both steering and wheel travel. Moreover, the effect of wheel travel in different steering angles is shown to be important and has been considered in the cost function. In regards to some behaviors of the suspension, static constraints are defined and their importance is discussed. Lastly, case studies are presented to provide analysis and optimization of the suspension characteristics including steering error and track alterations. Optimization is performed to design suspensions for particular vehicle classification, such as, family cars and SUVs. The results show that optimization can be used to arrive at desired behaviors when the steering and suspension interaction is considered in the optimization.
Cite this version of the work
Reza Atashrazm (2015). Topology Based Optimization of Suspension and Steering Mechanisms of Automobiles. UWSpace. _URL_


Quick Answer: What Does It Mean I'Ll PM You?
How can you tell if someone has a secret conversation on Messenger?
You are able to have both a normal Facebook messenger conversation as well as a Secret Conversation with the same person.
How can I send a private message?
Is 11 59 pm noon or midnight?
12-hour clock12-hour24-hour11:00 p.m.23:0011:59 p.m.23:59Midnight (end of day) or shown as start of next day24:00^ Jump up to: a b See: §Confusion at noon and midnight8 more rows
What does DM mean in slang?
direct messageDM stands for direct message, or a private message with a person on social media, especially Twitter.
Is PM on Facebook the same as messenger?
There are times when you are using Facebook that you might want to send a message directly to one or more of your friends. This is often known as DM (direct message) or PM (Private Message) as it goes directly to the person (or persons) you address it to and not onto your timeline.
Can you PM someone on facebook without being friends?
You can send a message to anyone on Facebook, regardless of friend status or privacy settings. The only exception applies to members you've blocked and those who've blocked you. Filtering preferences may inadvertently cause messages to go unseen, even though they have been delivered.
What is BBJ?
BBJ stands for "Bare Blow Job"
How do I send a private text message?
Texting anonymouslyGo to the anonymoustext.com website.Choose how you want the sender to appear on the recipient's device. … Type in the phone number of the recipient. … Enter the message you wish to send.Select whether you want to send it now or at a later date.Click continue.Pay for your text.
What does it mean to PM someone?
A personal message, private message (PM), direct message (DM), or personal chat (PC) is a private communication channel between users on any given platform.
What does pm stand for sexually?
Definitions include: Private Pee Message means someone that is Private Messaging a person, but they are not being serious with the person they are Private Messaging. Example: privates.
How do I read a PM on Facebook?
Is it am or am grammar?
What does I'll pm you mean?
I will private message you"I will private message you" "pmprivate message.
What is a PM on Facebook?
in Facebook, Marketing & Tech, Social media. You've probably seen people using the abbreviation term PM to define personal or private messages. It's a quick mode to interact with other people, and this type of communication results in the transmission of a message only the recipient can read.
What does 39 mean sexually?
Are messages on messenger private?
What is full name of PM?
The full form of PM is Post Meridiem. PM denotes post-midday period. It is another unit of the convention time which is associated with the 12-hour clock.
How do I know AM or PM?
What's the difference between DM and PM?
DM stands for direct message. PM stands for private message. … You can send a direct message to someone that you aren't friends with, but it will go into a separate section of their message box—making it more likely that they won't even see it—let alone read it.
What is PM short for?
PM or pm (also written P.M. or p.m.) is an abbreviation for Latin post meridiem, meaning "after noon" in the 12-hour clock.


text:
The dry, barren prairie around Drumheller was once a lush and subtropical forest on the shores of a large inland sea, with loads of wetlands inhabited by dinosaurs, turtles, crocodiles and small mammals.
But that changed about 71 million years ago, according to a new study by researchers Annie Quinney and Darla Zelenitsky in paleontology at the University of Calgary. The researchers' calculations show drastic climate change occurred during a five-million-year period in Alberta's badlands. At this time, the wetlands dried up and the warm humid climate was interrupted by a sudden cool, drying spell.
The study of ancient climate change is important as it helps researchers understand the impact sudden heating and cooling may have had on plants and animals.
"This was a time of change in Alberta, the wetlands disappeared as the inland sea retreated and the climate cooled," says Quinney, a former master's student in the Department of Geoscience. She led the study recently published in the journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, which was part of her master's degree in the Department of Geoscience.
Dramatic climate change was previously proposed to be responsible for the disappearance of turtles 71 million years ago, because they were considered to be "climate-sensitive" animals. Results of this research, however, show that the disappearance of turtles came before the climate cooled and instead closely corresponds to habitat disturbances — the disappearance of wetlands.
"The big surprise is that some animals, for example turtles, appeared to be more sensitive to habitat disturbances than to climate changes. Therefore, even if climatic conditions are 'ideal,' turtles may disappear or may not recover unless habitats are just right," says Quinney.
Quinney and supervisors Zelenitsky, assistant professor in the Department of Geoscience, and François Therrien of the Royal Tyrrell Museum in Drumheller studied ancient soils preserved in the rocks in the Red Deer River valley near Drumheller. The soils were deposited 72 to 67 million years ago, recording information about the past climate and environments.
Researchers calculated precipitation and temperature levels over a five-million-year interval. During a period of a few thousand years, the temperature and precipitation dropped, producing a cooler interval lasting for 500,000 years.
"By studying the structure and chemistry of ancient soils, we were able to estimate the ancient temperature and rainfall that prevailed when those soils formed millions of years ago," says Quinney, who is now completing a PhD at Monash University in Australia on a full scholarship.
The study is published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology


November 16, 2020
Transportation Week Night Quiz (11-16-2020)
by Chompers
Background show artwork for Chompers
Do YOU know which train goes the fastest? Find out the answer to our quiz tonight on Chompers!
>> Rachel: Welcome back to Chompers, your morning and night toothbrushing show. Ready to find out the answer to today's quiz?
>> KIDS: Yeah!
>> Rachel: Well then we better start brushing! Get your toothbrush ready and start on the top of your mouth on one side, and don't brush too hard!
>> KIDS: 3, 2, 1 brush!
>> Rachel: In this morning's quiz, we wanted to know:
Which of these trains is as fast as some airplanes?
When you hear the answer you picked, raise your hand way up high!
A steam engine train (SFX TOOT TOOT)
A subway train (SFX SUBWAY )
A Maglev train (SFX HOVERING)
The answer is (SFX DRUMROLL) … a Maglev train can go almost 400 miles an hour, which is faster than some airplanes! (SFX KIDS WOW)
Switch your brushing to the other side of the top of your mouth and make sure to brush the inside, outside and the chewing side of each tooth.
This morning we learned Maglev trains are powered by MAGNETS
So MAGLEV trains use the power of magnets to "levitate." Which means to is to float in the air.
Magnets can either snap together, or push apart!
But how do magnets really work?
What makes magnets stick together or push apart is a part of the magnet called the POLE.
Switch your brushing to the bottom of your mouth, and keep brushing in small circles all around your teeth.
All magnets have TWO poles. A North Pole (SFX D NOTE), and a South Pole (SFX C NOTE).
If you take two magnets and try to put their NORTH poles together, those magnets will PUSH away from each other (SFX WRONG BUZZER). They won't stick together no matter what you try!
The same thing happens if you try to put the south pole side of two magnets together. They'll push away! (WRONG BUZZER)
Switch your brushing to the other side of the bottom of your mouth and make sure to brush all the way back to those molars!
So how DO magnets stick?
Well, if you put one magnet's north pole (SFX D NOTE) against another magnet's south pole (SFX C NOTE)
Bingo! (SFX DING-DONG) Those magnets will pull together. (SFX DING-DONG)
Alright you're all done brushing for today. Come back tomorrow for more Chompers and to learn about airplanes on Transportation Week. Get some good sleep, and don't forget to
>> KIDS: 3, 2, 1 spit!


Primer for SPTA Officers
By Lisa Grossman, JD, PhD, ABPP, & David White, MPA, CAE
The purpose of this primer is to identify five basic key responsibilities and five of the most significant skill sets necessary to make effective leaders for each officer position in state, provincial and territorial associations. Division 31 sent out a survey to executive directors of SPTAs asking that they be filled out by current association officers and returned to Division 31. What follows are the results of this survey. Division 31 would like to thank all those SPTA leaders who took the time to fill out the survey. Division 31 would also like to express its appreciation to Dr. Jeff Barnett and Dr. Margy Heldring for their helpful suggestions in making this primer possible.
Of the surveys returned, almost half of the responses stated that there were no specific job descriptions for any particular officer position. And, if a job description existed, several people noted that the description was either vague or too general to be helpful.
Based on these survey results, Division 31 recommends the following approaches that would benefit psychological association leadership. Each SPTA may wish to:
 1. Develop a detailed position description for the positions noted;
 2. Use the survey results for guidance and add their own components that are relevant to the needs and demands of the position in their particular SPTA;
 3. Create timelines for each position that specifies tasks that require periodic completion, and deadlines for each task completion;
 4. Create a guidebook for each position that can be added to by each person serving in that position when they are leaving, so that emerging lessons can lead to the delineation of tips that the next person can deploy;
 5. Create brief training manuals and procedures for all officers and committee chairs;
 6. Ensure that all leadership members know parliamentary procedure, each SPTA can use the Abridged Guidelines for Parliamentary Procedure (PDF, 101KB) written by Dr. Jeff Barnett.
 7. Charge each leader to prepare the pipeline by thinking of who will be replacing them and serving in their roles in years to come. Officers need to always be actively working on bringing in, mentoring and nurturing new leaders. Officers need to keep this in mind when making committee and task force appointments;
 8. Prompt each leader to serve as an ambassador of their association and always be working to bring in new members.
Survey Results
Key Responsibilities
 1. Review bank statements and expenditures
 2. Develop budget
 3. Report to board and membership
 4. Keep accurate records
 5. Develop polices to ensure financial health of the organization and work with the board to develop a budget that addresses strategic priorities
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Helpful to know how to use a spreadsheet on a computer
 2. Experience with budgets and accounting
 3. Knowledge of the operations of your psychological association
 4. Overall fiscal knowledge of business practices
 5. Organizational skills
Key Responsibilities
 1. Take minutes of all meetings including Executive Committee, board meetings, annual membership meetings
 2. Prepare minutes by condensing information into a concise, readable format
 3. Distribute minutes in a timely fashion
 4. Attend all meetings
 5. Focus and listen attentively at all meetings for threads from earlier meetings that may require revisiting
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Skill at gathering and defining detail into accurate summary statements rather than just writing down pages of discussions.
 2. Knowledge of the operations and organization of the psychological association.
 3. Adequate written language skills
 4. Ability to organize, focus, listen and write quickly
 5. Fundamental understanding of parliamentary procedures
Past President
Key Responsibilities
 1. Coordinate award nominations and presentations
 2. Support the president's agenda
 3. Continue special projects began in presidency
 4. Communicate with membership, Executive Director and leaders
 5. Provide continuity for board meetings/agenda by remembering prior detail
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Ability to foster, respect and tolerate diversity of opinions
 2. Attendance at APA State Leadership Conference as President-Elect and President
 3. Willingness to assist with several leadership projects as the majority of the membership will not be active
 4. Assertion of direction and education based upon knowledge amassed at various APA and SPTA leadership events
 5. Skill at developing knowledge of the membership needs, issues facing psychology in the SPTA and accessing greater community connections
Key Responsibilities
 1. Provide leadership to guide the association towards it goals and missions
 2. Preside over all board and Executive Committee meetings and acting as official spokesperson for the association
 3. Implement presidential initiatives and agenda
 4. Make committee and task force appointments and help coordinate their work
 5. Help increase membership and encourage current members to become more active in association affairs
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Developed knowledge of the operations of the association: its history, culture, personnel issues, financial issues
 2. Engagement with the current issues in psychology, politically and professionally
 3. Organizational, management, interpersonal, communication abilities that permit tracking multiple issues/projects simultaneously
 4. Promotion of team rather than micromanaged work
 5. Mediation of conflicting views and consensus building skills
Key Responsibilities
 1. Serve in the absence of the president
 2. Work closely with the president on his/her agenda and association issues
 3. Participate actively in all association business and activities
 4. Develop focus, agenda and priorities for presidential year
 5. Attend APA State Leadership Conference
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Developed knowledge of the operations of the association, how it is organized, how it functions and how to work with the various staff and officers
 2. Knowledgeable about the political process at the SPTA level as well as the state licensing board
 3. Good interpersonal and communicative skills
 4. Developed vision for the future of psychology
Board Member
Key Responsibilities
 1. Participate in board governance concerning the association
 2. Chair and/or serve on committees or task forces
 3. Attend board meetings
 4. Engage in consistent communication with association members and officers
 5. Volunteer to work on projects of interest and follow-up with further initiatives based upon project results
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Good leadership and brainstorming skills
 2. Basic management knowledge
 3. High level of energy and commitment
 4. Knowledge of business, marketing or recruiting skills
 5. Interest and enthusiasm
APA Council of Representatives
Key Responsibilities
 1. Attend SPTA Board meetings, vote on issues, assist in the formulation and implementation of policy for the operation of the SPTA
 2. Attend APA council meetings and inform the association membership of relevant APA issues, events and activities by distributing APA reports at the association board meetings, publishing special reports in the association newsletter and communicating with the President and other association Board members about SPTA initiatives that emerge from other SPTAs
 3. Encourage interest and participation of SPTA members in APA issues and governance. Refer members to appropriate APA offices and members
 4. Serve as liaison between the SPTA and APA
 5. Write columns for the SPTA newsletter
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Previous attendance at APA State Leadership Conference to gain an understanding of how APA and the association can work together effectively
 2. Being able to see the big picture
 3. Some knowledge of parliamentary procedure
 4. Ability to understand system dynamics
 5. Knowledge of national psychological issues on the political and professional level
Several SPTA officers have agreed to serve as mentors for future SPTA Officers. If you would like to contact a mentor, please contact Andy Benjamin.


text:
A neutral grievance procedure allows a member of the union to file a grievance if any part of the contract is not being enforced. The grievance procedure would ensure a fair process for PARs to have their grievance heard and addressed by the University in a timely manner. If the grievance is not resolved, a PAR would have the ability to go to arbitration, in which a neutral third party would resolve the dispute. A fair grievance procedure will make our contract stronger and more enforceable, e.g. by providing PARs with stronger recourse against discrimination, sexual harassment and bullying. At UConn, for example, graduate assistants have used their grievance process to successfully resolve instances of harassment.
- Why have postdoctoral researchers formed a union?
- Do I automatically become a member if I signed an authorization card at some point during our campaign?


text:
Balance Performance and Manufacturability
Simulation offers greater insight into how the modification of manufacturing process parameters may affect component material behavior.
Modern injection molding enables product quality control to ensure part manufacturability during the design process. Engineers can analyze and modify part design while optimizing for form, fit and function.
With Altair's manufacturing simulation tools, users can analyze mold and feed system designs, single and multi-cavity family mold layouts. They can also improve sprue, runner, and gate position to influence fiber orientations and avoid weakening weld lines.


Blank canvas reveals its art when you snap a picture of it
Imagine a gallery full of blank canvasses, that instantly turn into art when you take a picture of them. That's the idea behind this art project called Take A Picture,
The turns out that the art is actually under the canvas, where an array of infrared LEDs are arranged to form the picture which could be anything from a winking smiley face to abstract geometric patterns. The trick is that infrared light is invisible to the human eye, but a digital camera's image sensor picks it up and records it as something you can see.
There are no current plans for a gallery show of Take A Picture art, but it would be interesting to see people's reactions when then enter a show full of seemingly blank canvasses.
Take A Picture, via Make