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, SVG, and so on) that will be included in a profile. A PIM is a high-level abstraction that does not consider implementation specifics, but rather expresses only the intent of what is being modeled. PIMs can take many forms, such as W3C XML Schema, RELAX NG, Schematron, MOF, or UML models. Once the PIM models for all the profile schemas are created, they can be transformed to Platform Specific Models (PSMs), all of the same normative type. For example, the PSMs might all be XML Schema, UML models, or EMF ECore models. Next, the profile is realized by creating cross-model references between the models, representing the places where tags from one namespace may be referenced by, or inserted under, another. For example, a profile for XHTML+XForms would need to define that an
 tag can be inserted under the
 tag. Figure 3 shows this PSM XHTML+XForms profile annotation as a UML aggregation relationship between the head class from the XHTML PIM model and the model class from the XForms PIM model.
Figure 3. PSM cross-model relationship in UML
You can transform the PSMs into EMF ECore models, which can be created from UML models or XML Schemas using EMF-provided tooling. In the example in Figure 3, the aggregation relationship becomes an EReference in the PSM ECore model. Creating these models and realizing the profiles as references across these models is the role of the compound document schema architect. These PSM models that realize the compound document profile are then used to drive a directed editor, which the instance document creator uses to create and edit instances that adhere to the profile. Figure 4 is a profile for XHTML+XForms+XML Events from PIM to PSM to serialized instance documents.
Figure 4. Model-driven compound document editor profile creation
A model-driven approach is an efficient way to create functional PIMs of specific namespaces that can be used to create PSMs of combinations of namespaces to represent profiles. You can reuse PIM models many times in different combinations to form as many profiles as required. Using Eclipse EMF ECore models is an ideal way to get directed editing and serialization for the creation of an instance document in a Compound XML Document Editor.
The Compound XML Document Editor (available at IBM alphaWorks) is a dynamic editor framework that uses ECore models to drive model-based compound document construction.
You can add any type whose instances are serialized to XML to the Compound XML Document Editor framework without the need to write any Java code. The Compound XML Document Editor uses model repositories, in which ECore models are stored. Once you drop an ECore model into a Compound XML Document Editor model repository and start the Compound XML Document Editor, you can create or dynamically edit instance documents from these ECore models. You can create model repositories to accommodate as many models and compound document profiles as necessary.
You can swap out individual models, or you can switch out entire model repositories at runtime. Furthermore, you can make changes to ECore models on the fly that are immediately reflected in the editor and in serialized instance documents.
The Compound XML Document Editor comes with ECore models for XHTML, XForms, XML Events, SVG, SMIL, VoiceXML, XUL, MathML, and XLink. Figure 5 shows the available profile combinations in the default model repository with XHTML as the root document; it includes a profile that allows inclusion of elements and attributes from several other namespaces.
Figure 5. Default model repository
The Compound XML Document Editor uses the underlying EMF models to provide a directed editing experience by restricting the allowable right-click options for tag insertion. This is illustrated in Figure 6: The profile is honored by an EMF editor that interrogates the PSM model and allows only valid entries in accordance with that compound document profile. Element attributes are represented as properties in a property sheet.
Figure 6. Directed editing
Once you have created a document, you can render it directly from configurable right-click menu options for browsers that support the compound document profile used in the document (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. Rendering options
Figure 8 shows an insurance form for Automobile Loss Reporting based on ACORD schemas rendered in the X-Smiles browser.
Figure 8. X-Smiles rendered XForm
The Compound XML Document Editor is a standards-based, model-driven, compound document development framework that supports dynamic compound document creation and serialization. The Compound XML Document Editor utilizes Model Driven Development concepts with Eclipse EMF to help develop flexible compound documents and the profiles that define them.
Acknowledgements: Thanks to Simon Johnston and Steve Speicher.
- Learn more about Eclipse and the Eclipse Modeling Framework at eclipse.org.
- Stay current on the latest developments with the W3C's Compound Document Formats (CDF) Working Group, which grew out of a Web Applications and Compound Documents Workshop.
- The W3C is also home to many of the specifications mentioned in this article, such as:
- Visit the Object Management Group (OMG) site where you'll find more information on these technologies:
- Confused by all the XML standards out there? Uche Ogbuji's developerWorks article series on XML standards can help you sort through it all:
- Part 1 -- The core standards (January 2004)
- Part 2 -- XML processing standards (February 2004)
- Part 3 -- The most important vocabularies (February 2004)
- Part 4 -- Detailed cross-reference of the most important XML standards (March 2004)
- Read more about XML User Interface Language (XUL) on Mozilla.org.
- Visit the home page for the RELAX NG schema language.
- Schematron is a language for making assertions about patterns found in XML documents.
- Find hundreds more XML resources on the developerWorks XML zone.
- Learn how you can become an IBM Certified Developer in XML and related technologies.
Get products and technologies
- Download the Eclipse-based Compound XML Document Editor from IBM alphaWorks.
- Check out the Unified Modeling Language (UML) site for more information on this popular modeling tool. You can also find more UML-related resources at the developerWorks Rational area.
Kevin E. Kelly is a Senior Software Engineer with the IBM Corporation working on Software Standards. Kevin is a member of the W3C XForms Working Group as well as the W3C Compound Document Format Working Group. His focus is on the client technology and evolving open standards-based technologies for faster, more efficient standards adoption through XML-based and model-driven approaches. Before joining IBM, Kevin spent eight years at Rational Software working on UML modeling and Java technologies. Kevin holds a B.S. from Mercer University, and a M.S. from the University of Montana.
Jan Joseph Kratky is the lead developer for the Compound XML Document Editor and XML Forms Generator. Currently a software engineer with IBM Emerging Software Standards in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, he holds a B.A. from Cornell University and an M.S. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. A Sun Certified Java Programmer and Sun Certified Web Component Developer, Jan has worked with Java technologies since 1997, and with Eclipse technologies since 2001.


Resampling Validation of a Fitted Model's Indexes of Fit
The validate function when used on an object created by one of the rms series does resampling validation of a regression model, with or without backward step-down variable deletion.
models, methods, regression, survival
# fit <- fitting.function(formula=response ~ terms, x=TRUE, y=TRUE)
validate(fit, method="boot", B=40,
 bw=FALSE, rule="aic", type="residual", sls=0.05, aics=0,
 force=NULL, estimates=TRUE, pr=FALSE, …)
# S3 method for validate
print(x, digits=4, B=Inf, …)
# S3 method for validate
latex(object, digits=4, B=Inf, file='', append=FALSE,
 caption=NULL, table.env=FALSE,
 size='normalsize', extracolsize=size, …)
# S3 method for validate
html(object, digits=4, B=Inf, caption=NULL, …)
a fit derived by e.g. lrm, cph, psm, ols. The options x=TRUE and y=TRUE must have been specified.
may be "crossvalidation", "boot" (the default), ".632", or "randomization". See predab.resample for details. Can abbreviate, e.g. "cross", "b", ".6".
number of repetitions. For method="crossvalidation", is the number of groups of omitted observations. For print.validate, latex.validate, and html.validate, B is an upper limit on the number of resamples for which information is printed about which variables were selected in each model re-fit. Specify zero to suppress printing. Default is to print all re-samples.
TRUE to do fast step-down using the fastbw function, for both the overall model and for each repetition. fastbw keeps parameters together that represent the same factor.
Applies if bw=TRUE. "aic" to use Akaike's information criterion as a stopping rule (i.e., a factor is deleted if the \(\chi^2\) falls below twice its degrees of freedom), or "p" to use \(P\)-values.
"residual" or "individual" - stopping rule is for individual factors or for the residual \(\chi^2\) for all variables deleted
significance level for a factor to be kept in a model, or for judging the residual \(\chi^2\).
cutoff on AIC when rule="aic".
see fastbw
see print.fastbw
TRUE to print results of each repetition
parameters for each specific validate function, and parameters to pass to predab.resample (note especially the group, cluster, amd subset parameters). For latex, optional arguments to latex.default. Ignored for html.validate.
For psm, you can pass the maxiter parameter here (passed to survreg.control, default is 15 iterations) as well as a tol parameter for judging matrix singularity in solvet (default is 1e-12) and a rel.tolerance parameter that is passed to survreg.control (default is 1e-5).
For print.validate … is ignored.
an object produced by one of the validate functions
number of decimal places to print
file to write LaTeX output. Default is standard output.
set to TRUE to append LaTeX output to an existing file
title, caption, table.env, extracolsize
see latex.default. If table.env is FALSE and caption is given, the character string contained in caption will be placed before the table, centered.
size of LaTeX output. Default is 'normalsize'. Must be a defined LaTeX size when prepended by double slash.
It provides bias-corrected indexes that are specific to each type of model. For validate.cph and validate.psm, see validate.lrm, which is similar. For validate.cph and validate.psm, there is an extra argument dxy, which if TRUE causes the dxy.cens function to be invoked to compute the Somers' \(D_{xy}\) rank correlation to be computed at each resample. The values corresponding to the row \(D_{xy}\) are equal to \(2 * (C - 0.5)\) where C is the C-index or concordance probability.
For validate.cph with dxy=TRUE, you must specify an argument u if the model is stratified, since survival curves can then cross and \(X\beta\) is not 1-1 with predicted survival. There is also validate method for tree, which only does cross-validation and which has a different list of arguments.
a matrix with rows corresponding to the statistical indexes and columns for columns for the original index, resample estimates, indexes applied to the whole or omitted sample using the model derived from the resample, average optimism, corrected index, and number of successful re-samples.
Side Effects
prints a summary, and optionally statistics for each re-fit
See Also
validate.ols, validate.cph, validate.lrm, validate.rpart, predab.resample, fastbw, rms, rms.trans, calibrate, dxy.cens, survConcordance
 - validate
 - print.validate
 - latex.validate
 - html.validate
# See examples for validate.cph, validate.lrm, validate.ols
# Example of validating a parametric survival model:
n <- 1000
age <- 50 + 12*rnorm(n)
label(age) <- "Age"
sex <- factor(sample(c('Male','Female'), n, TRUE))
cens <- 15*runif(n)
h <-.02*exp(.04*(age-50)+.8*(sex=='Female'))
dt <- -log(runif(n))/h
e <- ifelse(dt <= cens,1,0)
dt <- pmin(dt, cens)
units(dt) <- "Year"
S <- Surv(dt,e)
f <- psm(S ~ age*sex, x=TRUE, y=TRUE) # Weibull model
# Validate full model fit
validate(f, B=10) # usually B=150
# Validate stepwise model with typical (not so good) stopping rule
# bw=TRUE does not preserve hierarchy of terms at present
validate(f, B=10, bw=TRUE, rule="p", sls=.1, type="individual")
# }
Documentation reproduced from package rms, version 5.1-3.1, License: GPL (>= 2)
Community examples
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The Invention Of A Handheld Electric Mixer
1889 Words8 Pages
In the beginning of time mixers were not electrical like they are now a days really easy for people to use. The egg beaters were hand cranked, Hand cranks don't require electricity, there is a handle you hold it with and a little knob that you twist so it could mix the ingredients together. In 1856, a Maryland Tinner named Ralph Collier was the man who invented hand cranked egg beaters. The hand cranked egg beaters were used by hand nothing electrical in them, but a more years went by people started inventing so much more mixers and they were electrical of different kind. A handheld electric mixer is basically an electrical mixer that has a handle and someone holds it while the mixer is mixing the eggs and other things. Mixers are of course something used in the kitchen and only the kitchen. People or chiefs use it for baking because it makes the dough in a better smoother texture than if it was hand mixed. A classical American mixer brand is Dover stamping company, the company bought the patent egg beaters in 1859. An American man named Rufus Eastman invented the first mixer which was in 1885. The first man to invent electric mixer was named Herbert Johnson that was in 1908. His whole idea started from basically watching television, there was a baker who was making dough with a spoon that is how his idea was formed. There were electrical mixers before but they were hand mixers that used electricity. The electric mixes he made were mostly for bakers with experience and
 More about The Invention Of A Handheld Electric Mixer
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VENUS IN VISIBLE AND ULTRAVIOLET
This image of Venus is comprised of visible and ultraviolet light data detected by instruments on board the Venus Express spacecraft during its first orbit around the planet on 19 April 2006. In the illuminated region (blue colour) it is possible to see interesting stripe-like structures in the planet's atmosphere. These may be due to the presence of dust and aerosols in the atmosphere, but their true nature is still unexplained.
Credit: ESA / VIRTIS / INAF-IASF / Obs.de Paris-LESIA.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Metaflex Tutorial about thermal breaks
When using a freezer door, you want it to work properly. This means, for example, no energy or cold will be lost. To prevent this thermal bridge a thermal break is applied. This saves you the unpleasant consequences such as wear-and-tear on the door rubbers and extends the life of your freezer door. But what exactly is a thermal break and how is it applied? In this tutorial we explain it to you!
Do you want to reread the information? Please download the summary below!
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Answer the question referring to each photograph above the question.
To find the answer, pass the cursor over the photo to see the "title" of the photo.
1. Identify the number of chomatids in this cell during this stage of mitosis
2. Identify the structure indicated by the arrow:
B) Zona Occludens
C) Junctional complex
D) Mitotic Cell
E) Terminal web
3. Identify the stage of cell division in this photograph.
A) Prophase of mitosis
B) Anaphase I of meiosis
C) Metaphase II of meiosis
D) Anaphase of mitosis
4. In this section through the testes, what is the C amount of DNA in the nucleus of the cell noted by the arrow?
5) In this section through the testes, what is the stage of cell division of the cell noted by the arrow:
A) Anaphase of Meiosis
B) Metaphase of Mitosis
C) Prophase of Mitosis
D) Metaphase of Meiosis
E) Prophase of Meiosis
6) Identify the process shown by the arrowhead
A) Gap junction formation
C) Desmosome formation
D) Spindle apparatus formation
E) Formation of the nuclear membrane
7. Identify the structures noted by the horizontal arrows:
A) Nuclear pore complex
C) Gap junctions
D) Zonula occludens
8. Identify the structures supporting and moving the chromosomes.
A) Actin filaments
D) Intermediate filaments


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Chapter Effectiveness Award
The Chapter Effectiveness Award recognizes an individual chapter for its outstanding achievements in advocacy to influence action and support for the credit union movement. This chapter illustrates the importance of advocacy, collaboration and teamwork. They are removing barriers, not only for their chapter, but also on a statewide and national level. This chapter reflects the importance of grassroots organization and the goals achieved by working together.
This chapter has demonstrated a yearlong effort to affect positive change for their region, their state and the credit union movement.
(One award winner per year)
The Chapter Effectiveness Award is presented for achievement in leadership, mentoring, advocacy and collaboration. Distinction in these categories can be demonstrated through:
- Supporting the next generation of credit union leaders through education, training and mentoring activities, as well as encouraging participation on the chapter executive committee
- Measurable impact to the chapter and movement as a whole
- Supporting key legislative initiatives such as: PAC fundraising, legislative events, etc.
- Supports Michigan Credit Union Foundation
- Supporting key cooperative initiatives such as: CU Link, CMS support, etc.
- Consistent record of teamwork through multi-chapter functions
- Nomination letter and letters of recommendation
- NOMINATION LETTER: A nomination letter must describe and elaborate in detail upon how the award criteria were met
- LETTERS OF SUPPORT: A minimum of 2, maximum of 5, letters of support must be sent and are expected to address the author's first-hand knowledge of the nominee with relation to all of the award criteria

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Shark-infested spelling makes an irresistible learning game for kids age 6 and up! Word Pirates combines spelling and logic in a game fun for adults and kids. To play, each pirate takes a turn rolling letter dice and making a word out of the letters. The goal is to build a pathway of words from the starting point to the center of the board containing pirate treasure--without getting eaten by a shark. The game is similar to Scrabble®, in that players can build off of each other's words. Players practice strategy-making, because they can plot to block their enemies' paths with rock walls.
One reviewer says award-winning Word Pirates is great for a family game night, because the "randomness of the letters rolled levels the playing field between adults and children."
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD--Small parts. Not for children younger than three years.


text:
by A.M. Reinhorn, R.E. Valles-Mattox and S.K. Kunnath
The Loss Assessment of Memphis Buildings (LAMB) project is one of the major research projects funded by NCEER. The immediate goal of the project is to assess probable losses and risk levels for specific building types in the Memphis area. However, the long term goal of the project is to develop a unified methodology that can be used for other building types, in other geographical regions. This project studies the response of non-ductile reinforced concrete buildings and unreinforced masonry buildings. The LAMB project integrates research efforts in structures and systems, seismic hazard and ground motions, geotechnical engineering, risk and reliability, and socioeconomic aspects. Questions and comments should be directed to Andrei Reinhorn, University at Buffalo, at _PHONE_; email: _EMAIL_.
In this article, the performance of a four story building, designed without seismic provisions, is studied when subjected to different intensities of ground motion. The seismic demand in the structure is determined in two ways:
The latter technique was recently developed by the authors (Reinhorn et al., 1996). The deformation demands imposed by the earthquakes are compared to the ultimate deformation capacities, to translate response quantities to damage indices, and the latter to damage states.
The structure described herein was selected as a typical low-rise reinforced concrete building for the Memphis area. The structure, part of the University of Memphis campus, was designed in the mid 1960's without seismic provision, as were most buildings in the area. The four story reinforced concrete structure is used as a classroom building. Plan dimensions, typical at all floors, are 197 feet by 95 feet (60 m x 29 m), with a typical story height of 12 feet (3.66 m) as shown in figure 1. The structural system consists of a ribbed slab supported by columns and shear walls.
Typical column dimensions used in the building are 2 ft. 6 in. (76 mm) by 1 ft. (30.5 mm) columns closely spaced in the perimeter of the building, and 18 in. by 18 in. (46 x 46 mm) in the interior. Similarly, two beam types can be identified: one for the exterior frames, and a second one for the interior frames. All beams, or " slab bands" as referred to in the initial design, are 17 in. (43 mm) deep. The shear walls, delineating the elevator and stairs, have a constant thickness of 1 ft. (30.5 mm) throughout the height of the building. Figure 2 shows elevations of the three frame types identified in the longitudinal (north-south) direction. For a more detailed description of the building, see Valles et al. (1996a).
|Table 1: Story heights and weights for half of the case study building|
To evaluate the seismic response of the building, the computer program IDARC (version 4.0) was used (Valles et al., 1996b). A two dimensional model for the structure was used since no significant torsional amplifications were expected due to the symmetry of the building. Furthermore, only half of the building was modeled in either direction, thus, all results reported consider only half of the actual building. The story weights and story heights for half the building are summarized in table 1.
The lateral loads in the system are mostly carried by the shear walls, due to their higher stiffness, as compared to the column-beam frame action. Nevertheless, the model includes the other frames to ensure that the imposed displacement profile will not threaten the vertical load capacity of the structure. Since the limit state in the building can be reached either by a high force demand in the shear walls, or a significant displacement demand in the moment resisting frames, all structural elements were included. The moment-curvature capacity curves for each structural element were automatically generated by IDARC (Valles et al., 1996b), using the fiber model capabilities.
The Memphis metropolitan area is located in the Mississippi embayment, near the epicenters of the New Madrid series of earthquakes. Attenuation relations for the area have been developed by Nuttli and Hermann (1984). Ground motions for the site, corresponding to different earthquake magnitudes, stress drop, and epicentral distances, were generated by the seismic hazard and geotechnical task group of the LAMB project. The records were generated by combining a deterministic and a probabilistic approach (Horton, 1994). A total of 200 records were generated for the area, out of which five were selected to represent five ground motion intensities, with peak ground accelerations (PGA) of 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.3g, 0.4g, and 0.5g.
Time-History Analysis Response
The structure was subjected to the five earthquake motion accelerations selected. Figure 3 presents the maximum displacements, interstory drifts, and story shears experienced by the structure (NS direction), and for each earthquake intensity. The integration time step for the 0.4g and 0.5g accelerations had to be reduced, since the motion induced significant inelastic excursions in the structural elements.
The nonlinear pushover analysis, or collapse mode analysis, is a simple and efficient technique to study the response of a building. The pushover analysis is carried out by incrementally applying lateral loads, or displacements to the structure. The sequence of component cracking, yielding, and failure, as well as the history of deformations and shears in the structure, can be traced as the lateral loads (or displacements) are monotonically increased (see figure 4). Furthermore, strength and service limit states, such as the failure of an element, the formation of a collapse mechanism, etc., can be identified.
The results from pushover analyses are often presented in graphs that describe the variation of the story shear versus story drift, for an inter-story description of the capacity, and base shear versus top displacement, for a global description. The capacity curve determined from a pushover analysis is influenced by the lateral force (displacement) distribution used to load the structure. The force distribution for pushover analysis was determined as follows:
where VB is the base shear, m is the story mass, is the mass-normalized mode shape, is the participation factor, srss is the root sum of squares superposition, are spectral ratios which can be approximated (see Reinhorn et al., 1996). The same distribution can be simply approximated by the design code distribution:
where h is the height to the story weight, and W and k are a power to simulate the complex behavior described by Equation 1.
Figure 5 shows the overall capacity curves for a constant (k=0), linear (k=1), and parabolic (k=2) distribution. The first shear wall failure, as well as the response obtained from time-history analyses, are shown in figure 4. The capacity curve for k=1 (linear) was found to capture the results from the time history analyses in the deformation range before the first shear wall failure.
Simplified Elastic and Inelastic Response Evaluations
In the simplified design or evaluation process, the capacity of a structure is estimated, and compared to the demand loads. The response is estimated at the intersection of a capacity and a demand curve. The method is an extension of the capacity spectrum method proposed by Freeman (1994). The force deformation capacity curves are determined from pushover analysis. The elastic demand curve is determined from an elastic spectral analysis, modified to account for the hysteretic energy dissipation.
The elastic response evaluation method considers the use of an equivalent linear system to estimate the nonlinear response along with an equivalent damping ratio representing the hysteretic behavior (see figure 6). A summary of different methods to determine the equivalent damping ratio is presented by Iwan and Gates (1979). The average stiffness and energy method seems to give the smallest percentage of error for various ductility ratios (Iwan and Gates, 1979). For this method, the critical damping ratios are defined according to:
The idealized bilinear pushover capacity curve is superimposed with the equivalent linear demand curves. The point where the ductility along the capacity curve coincides with the equivalent ductility of the intersecting demand curves yields an estimate of the inelastic response.
For the inelastic response evaluation method, inelastic spectral curves are generated using a bilinear model for the structure (Reinhorn et al., 1996). The response of the bilinear single-degree-of-freedom system is obtained for a given value of the post-yielding stiffness (), and for different values of the force reduction factor, R, defined as the ratio of the elastic, Ve, to the yield, Vy, force capacity of the system. The point where the demand curve, corresponding to the actual value for R, intersects the capacity curve, is the actual inelastic response of the bilinear structure (figure 7).
The procedure described for an SDOF system can be extended to multi-story buildings by modifying the capacity curve to an equivalent SDOF system. The response can be evaluated considering the overall building response, or the interstory response. In the former case, the top displacement versus base shear is used to characterize the capacity, while in the latter case, the story drift versus story shears are used. Both evaluations are important, since the overall response provides an estimate of the global performance, while the story evaluation will detect undesirable weak stories. Actual overall pushover results (T and Vb) are modified to an equivalent


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SOCKet Secure (SOCKS) is an Internet protocol that routes network packets between a client and server through a proxy server. SOCKS5 additionally provides authentication so only authorized users may access a server. Practically, a SOCKS server will proxy TCP connections to an arbitrary IP address as well as providing a means for UDP packets to be forwarded.
As SOCKS (as it was already marked above) transfers all data from a client to a server, nothing adding from itself, from the point of view of a web-server, a socks proxy is a client. Therefore anonymity of this type of proxy servers is really always absolute.
In this article we'll see how to use redsocks to achieve a SOCKS proxy.


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- November 15th, 2008
- Derek Robertson
- Comments: 7 Comments »Tags: Consolarium, Endless Ocean, games based learning, Wii
Endless Ocean for the Nintendo Wii was one of those games that immediately caught my eye. A wonderful world in which the player can become immersed in a rich, vibrant and somewhat hypnotically therapeutic underwater world. I've written about how I thought it might be used to drive learning before but my initial ideas have been put into place and extended beyond recognition by some really creative teachers.
Last week I went with Margaret Cassidy from Stirling Council to Cowie PS to see a teacher that was using Endless Ocean with her class:
Mrs Bullivant and her class of P.6 children treated me to an afternoon of sheer joy. I walked in to a class that had been turned into an underwater world that was awash with a tide of enthusiastic and industrious learnning.
- Streamers of various shades of blue were hung from two lines that criss-crossed the class.From these lines also hung starfish, sharks and other underwater creatures that the children had made.
- The Wii was hooked up to the whiteboard and the gameplay was integral to the learning.
- The children were divided into 'dive teams' and their 'dive leader' had to manage certain aspects of how the children worked together.
- Children were engaged with a teacher led leson that investigated buoyancy.
- Children were searching the web to find out more about some of the creatures that they discovered in the game.
- A spreadsheet activity detailing the range of creatures that they had discovered was in place.
- A shipwreck (created by the janitor) was sitting in the class. This helped drive much of the creative writing work.
- The children created treasure maps and were using these to look at grid references.
- Mermaids were created in art and design and very lifelike they were too!
- Reference books were in great demand when I was in the class and the initial stimulus of the game appeared to drive a real interest for what could be found in the complementary resource that was the book.
- Children actively encouraged to measure exactly how long 7 metres is as a result of finding out that that was how long a Great White Shark was.
This was just a wonderful visit and an example of what learning in class can be. Yes we need creative teachers to lead this but isn't that what we are meant to be. The work that was in evidence in this class was delightful to witness and further cemented my ideas of the possibilities of sandbox games such as Endless Ocean.
Categories Stirling Council


Example 1.3
Displaying Classes in a Layer
By using non-spatial attribute information in the data, we can create a map like this:
MapFile Structure
This is what the mapfile looks like: Example1-3.map.
The mapfile structure, by objects, looks like this:
(states_poly) LAYER----------|---------LAYER (states_line)
 | |
(land) CLASS---|---CLASS (water) |-CLASS
 | | |
 STYLE-| |-STYLE |-STYLE
Our mapfile still only has two layers but the polygon layer has been broken down into two classes. Let's have a look at the additional parameters:
This keyword is used to specify what attribute to use in separating the class objects. In this example that attribute is "CLASS". If you open the database file associated with this layer's shapefile, you'll see that there's a column (attribute) called "CLASS".
How do we know which attribute to use? It is recommended to use ogrinfo to display basic attribute info in your vector data--look back at example 1.1 (the last few lines after "Layer SRS WKT:" show the attribute names and types). In this case, since database records in shapefiles are stored in DBF files, we can also open it in a spreadsheet program such as LibreOffice, or in desktop software such as QGIS. If your data came with a metadata (and it should!), you can skim through through that metadata file for attribute information.
For each class, we specify what attribute value to use. This is the simplest form of EXPRESSION. EXPRESSIONs can be even more complex than this, allowing one to evaluate regular or logical expressions. Please look at Expressions in the mapfile reference to see what you can do with EXPRESSION.
Back to Example 1.2 | Proceed to Example 1.4


The Commentary
The Capping Verse
Within darkness there is light;
within light there is darkness.
When the dharma wheel turns,
it always goes in both directions.
The unconditioned eye is the eye of a student. It's open, innocent, and wild. It is the eye of a beginner—uninformed and constantly searching. Every possibility is present and nothing is excluded. Seeing the universe and the self like this means seeing them in a way that is fresh, new, and original. On the other hand, the conditioned eye is the eye of the expert—informed, sophisticated, cultivated. It is not wild. It's experienced, accomplished. Needless to say, there is a big difference between these two ways of seeing and therefore the way in which we'll understand what we see.


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< > Glossary & References / Book List / B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases / Text Sections:
Chapter 1 - Recording and submitting specimen history data
Author: J. Christian Franson
RECORDING AND SUBMITTING SPECIMEN HISTORY DATA
History can be defined as a chronological record of significantevents. In wildlife disease investigations, determining the history or background of a problem is the first significant step toward establishing a diagnosis. The diagnostic process is often greatly expedited by a thorough history accompanying specimens submitted for laboratory evaluation. This information is also important for understanding the natural history or epizootiology of disease outbreaks, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain the history after the outbreak has occurred. Detailed field observations during the course of a die-off and an investigation of significant events preceding it also provide valuable information on which to base corrective actions. The most helpful information is that which is obtained at the time of the die-off event by a perceptive observer.
What Information Should Be Collected
What seems irrelevant in the field may be the key to a diagnosis; therefore, be as thorough as possible. Avoid preconceptions that limit the information collected and that may imperceptibly bias the investigation. A sample specimen history form, which lists some categories of information that are helpful, is in Appendix A. A good description of unusual behavior or appearance, if any, an accurate list of what species were affected, and the number of animals that died are critical pieces of information. Send specimens and the written history to the laboratory as soon as possible. Photographs can be helpful if they convey specific information, such as environmental conditions during a die-off and the appearance of sick wildlife or gross lesions. (Figs 1.1, 1.2)
The following basic information is helpful for diagnosing the cause and assessing the severity of a waterfowl health problem.
Determine if the start of mortality coincided with any unusual event. Environmental changes such as storms, precipitation, and abrupt temperature changes are potential sources of stress that can contribute to disease outbreaks. A food shortage may degrade the condition of birds and increase their susceptibility to disease. Water-level changes in an area may concentrate or disperse birds, alter the accessibility of toxins in food or water, or cause an invertebrate die-off that could lead to an avian botulism (Avian Botulism) outbreak. Attempt to determine whether or not biting insect populations have increased or if such insects are present, because some insects are carriers of blood-borne infections in waterfowl.
The quality of the water used as a source for an impoundment may contribute to disease or mortality; for example, poor water quality may contribute to avian botulism (Avian Botulism) or may be a primary cause of mortality if water contamination by toxic materials and substances such as oil (oil), which can affect the integrity of feathers, is severe. Record recent pesticide applications and other habitat or crop management practices as well as previous disease problems in the area.
Estimating Disease Onset
When estimating the onset of disease, consider: (1) the earliest date when on-site activities could have resulted in the detection of sick or dead birds, if they were present, and the actual date when diseased birds were first seen, and (2) the proportion of fresh carcasses compared with the number of scavenged and decomposed carcasses. The abundance and types of scavengers and predators can be used to predict how long carcasses remain in the area. Other useful information about the onset of mortality can be gained from noting any differences in plumage, including stage of molt, if present, between live and dead birds. Size differences between live and dead nestlings and fledglings may also provide useful information for comparison with known growth rates. Also, air, water, and soil temperatures will affect the speed of decomposition and they should be considered in assessing how long birds have been dead. Include these observations in the history.
Much can be learned by knowing what species are dying. Those species present but unaffected are especially important to note, because some diseases infect a narrow host range and others infect a wide variety of species. For example, duck plague (Duck Plague) affects only ducks, geese, and swans (anseriformes), but avian cholera (Avian Cholera) affects many additional species of water birds as well. Species with similar feeding habits may be dying as a result of exposure to toxins, while birds with different food requirements remain unaffected.
Some disease agents may kill young birds but leave adults unaffected because of age related disease resistance; other diseases kill birds of all ages, although young or old birds may be more susceptible because of additional stress placed on these age groups. When toxins are involved, differences in food habits may result in exposure of young birds, but not of adult birds, or vice versa.
Sex differences in mortality may be apparent in colonial nesters where females are incubating eggs, or in other situations where the sexes are segregated.
Number Sick/Number Dead
The longer a disease takes to kill, the more likely it is that significant numbers of sick birds will be found. For example, more sick birds will probably be observed during an avian botulism (Botulism) die-off than during an outbreak of a more acute disease such as avian cholera.
When observing sick birds, describe the clinical signs in as much detail as possible. Include any abnormal physical features and describe unusual behaviors, such as a sick birds response to being approached. Photographs (Fig. 1.2) of various behaviors or conditions associated with a disease can be especially useful and should be included with the history.
Population At Risk
Try to determine what species, and in what numbers, are in the vicinity of the die-off. This information can provide clues about the transmissibility of disease, and it may be useful during control efforts.
Record recent changes in the number of birds in the area, as well as the species present. In particular note the presence of endangered species. If bird numbers have increased, try to determine where they came from; if bird numbers have decreased, attempt to determine where they have gone. This can often be accomplished when population movements are being monitored for census, hunting forecasts, and other purposes. State, Federal, and private refuge personnel and other natural resources managers are good primary sources of information.
Specific Features Of Problem Areas
Describe the location of a die-off so that a relatively specific area can be identified on a road map. Also include any available precise location data, such as global positioning information or data that will facilitate entering of specific locations into geographical information system databases. Describe the problem area in terms that are sufficiently graphic so that someone with no knowledge of it can visualize its major characteristics, such as topography, soil, vegetation, climate, water conditions, and animal and human use.
Identify where sick and dead birds are found. Especially note the locations of groups of dead birds and any differences of habitat where dead and sick birds are found. Birds found in agricultural fields may be dying of pesticide exposure, birds with more chronic toxicoses usually seek dense cover, and birds dying of acute diseases may be found in a variety of situations. Check any relation between specific bird use of the area and the location of affected birds, such as roost sites, loafing areas, and feeding sites.
If followup investigations are conducted after specimens have been submitted, summarize the findings and observations of those investigations in a supplemental report to the original history. Maintain a copy of the new report in station files, and provide a copy to the diagnostic laboratory where the specimens were sent. Both reports should contain the dates of the investigations, whether air or ground searches were performed, the number of investigators and the time spent on the investigation, the weather conditions, and the time of day when the site was investigated.
The insight provided by good specimen history data and by field observations is invaluable to disease specialists. This information enhances understanding of the ecology of disease, thereby serving as a basis for developing ways to prevent future die-offs or to reduce the magnitude of losses that might otherwise occur.
J. Christian Franson
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Statistical Analysis Using MS Excel
Minimalist Statistical Analysis Using MS Excel Training Manuals
This hands on, experiential, student based manual uses a highly visual step by step approach to create and analyze statistical examples. It assumes that the student has no experience or background with either MS Excel software or statistics.
The manual is for learning to use MS Excel software proficiently, to understand how statistical analysis is done and to interpret what the answers from the calculations mean in regards to the real world. We suggest that anyone teaching Statistics start with MS Excel software. You will see that within 10 hours students are quite competent with the software and with the basic concepts of statistical analysis. This synergistic effect will free you, the instructor, up, to go into greater depth and detail with statistical concepts.
The topics covered are those typically covered in an introductory statistics course and take you through introductory, intermediate, and some advanced Excel. Many statistical functions in MS Excel will be introduced and utilized alongside the actual statistical calculations so comparisons may be readily seen and understood by the student.
For a listing of topics, please see the table of contents in the sample that is provided:
The manual is incredibly directed, resulting in students working through the materials and coming out with an in-depth knowledge of both the MS Excel software and statistical analysis in the shortest time period possible! Far faster than any traditional approach and with a deeper understanding of both MS Excel and Statistics.
Distance delivery and e-learning classes are greatly enhanced with the use of these materials as questions are answered by working through the materials. Each project takes an average of one – half hour to complete. The book is designed for an 51 hour course but students would be finished in one – half of that time leaving ample time to reinforce statistical theory, or possibly go into further advanced topics.


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Although the Church welfare plan was not yet formalized, the early Saints recognized the importance of living a self-reliant life, caring for the poor and needy, and serving others. The Prophet Joseph Smith stated, "A man filled with the love of God, is not content with blessing his family alone, but ranges through the whole world, anxious to bless the whole human race."
Not long after the Church was established, small bishops' storehouses and tithing offices were erected to help the needy. Joseph Smith instituted the gathering of fast offerings in Kirtland, Ohio, during the 1830s. The principle of tithing was also introduced during this period (see D&C 119). Tithing and fast offerings were paid in the form of labor, produce, and other commodities. Bishops and branch presidents oversaw the distribution of these resources as they do today.
Many of the early Saints struggled to support themselves. To combat idleness, Church leaders and members united to find ways to create sustainable livelihoods. Some found work constructing Church buildings and completing public works projects. Others farmed and sold goods to provide for themselves and their families. As they labored together, the Saints were blessed with enough to meet their needs.
While the challenges of our time are different, Latter-day Saints continue to provide for themselves and care for the poor and needy by following the teachings of the Savior and the example set by previous generations.
"When we fast, … we feel hunger. And for a short time, we literally put ourselves in the position of the hungry and needy. As we do so, we have greater understanding of the deprivations they might feel. When we give to the bishop an offering to relieve the suffering of others, we not only do something sublime for others, but we do something wonderful for ourselves as well."
—Elder Joseph B. Wirthlin
Continue to the next pageCatching the Vision of Self-Reliance
- J. Reuben Clark, Jr., in Conference Report, April 1937.
- Spencer W. Kimball, "Welfare Services: The Gospel in Action," October 1977 general conference.
- Marion G. Romney, "The Role of a Bishop in the Church Welfare Program," October 1979 general conference.
- L. Tom Perry, "The Role of the Stake Bishops Council in Welfare Services," April 1977 general conference.
- Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith (2007), 330–31.
- See Howard W. Hunter, "Fast Day," October 1985 general conference.
- See Glen L. Rudd, Pure Religion (1995), 2, 4.


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Toymakers at Hasbro, Inc. of Pawtucket, Rhode Island are delighted with the "ups and downs" of a product that benefited from NASA expertise. Toy designers at the firm set their sights on creating a foam glider, one that a child could fly with little knowledge of aeronautics.
But early in its development, the Aero Nerf® gliders had one critical problem: they didn't fly so well! For toy gliders, that can surely dampen commercial sales.
Through the expertise of Don Steinman of NASA's Northeast Regional Technology Transfer Center, members of a Hasbro team were linked with aeronautical experts at Langley Research Center in Virginia. As glider hobbyists them selves, the NASA engineers provided essential information about how wing design and shape are integral to a glider's performance.
At issue was improving the overall flying distances and the loop-to-loop stunt qualities of Hasbro's prototype gliders. Langley's Gaudy Bezos-O'Connor, an experimental aerodynamicist by training and a technology transfer specialist, took on the challenge. So too did Ray Whipple, a wind tunnel manager at Langley and specialist in testing model airplanes. Two retirees from Langley, Dave Robelin and Hewitt Phillips, also brought their aeronautical know -how to the project, rounding out the NASA team.
The benefit of the NASA and Hasbro partnership was indeed an uplifting experience, in more ways than one. The toy company is intent on becoming an aggressive force in the toy glider market, part of the highly competitive, multi -billion dollar toy industry. As a step toward that objective, Hasbro's senior design director, Todd W. Wise, perhaps put it best, "Who knows better how to make things fly than NASA."
Elegant but simple was the rule of the day. The gliders had to fly and perform on the basis of their shape, without benefit of changes in any control surface. Propulsion for the glider had to come from a toss of the hand, without the aid of a sling shot or other device.
The Hasbro designers received from NASA not only technical guidance but a hands-on tutorial on the physics of designing and flying gliders. Where to place the wings on a glider's fuselage and the correct angle for its tail surfaces proved critical in the foam toy's make-over. With a better understanding of flight and how to shape the foam, Hasbro designers went back to their drawing boards. The final products, quite literally, "soared" beyond the design team's expectations.
The result? Several versions of a Nerf glider were realized from the collaboration. For instance, the Super Soaring Glider™ can make long-range, high-performance flights. The Ultra Stunt Glider™ is ideal for performing aerial acrobatics. It can execute thrilling loops and turns, all from a simple throw.
NASA has long shared its imaginative approaches in designing aircraft, teaming with aviation and aerospace companies. The Aero Nerf gliders meant leveraging decades of aeronautical skill honed at Langley in scale-model, low -speed, aircraft design research and wind tunnel testing.
A real toy story come true!
® Aero Nerf is a registered
trademark of Hasbro, Inc.


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docs.oracle.com wrote: public void print(String s)
Print a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
s - The String to be printed
Ritesh raushan wrote:but i did'nt undestand...this is has-A relationship but where the object of PrintStream class is creating.
What is there, you did not understand? It simply says that the System class has an object "out" of PrintStream class. You have already shown the code there. If you are worried about the initialization of "out",then


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OpenZFS – What Makes OpenZFS the Ideal Storage Solution for University Environments
As commercial storage becomes increasingly expensive, more and more of the Education vertical is looking at Open Source solutions for storage. This article series will focus on providing a better understanding of why OpenZFS is a cost-optimal, future-workload ready solution for Schools and Universities and will take a deeper dive into the demands of HPC (High Performance Computing) and how to best leverage OpenZFS in that context.
Let's Starting at the Beginning – What is OpenZFS
If you're new to our article series, you might not have been acquainted yet with OpenZFS. Check out our other technical introductory write-ups such as Basics of ZFS Snapshots and Introduction to ZFS Replication to dive deeper into the topic.
OpenZFS is an open-source file system and volume manager renowned for its advanced data management and protection features. With its robust capabilities, OpenZFS emerges as an excellent choice for university infrastructures. The unique requirements of educational institutions, such as managing large volumes of data, ensuring data integrity, and facilitating collaboration, align perfectly with the strengths of OpenZFS.
By harnessing its power, commercial users such as universities can optimize their data storage and management, safeguard critical information, promote seamless collaboration, and achieve cost-effective solutions. What we'll do in this article, is explore the reasons why OpenZFS stands out as a compelling candidate for university infrastructures.
Did you know?
Designing an OpenZFS environment that is resilient to attacks, disk failures and human error is not easy.
Our engineers have the experience, track record and passion to get you where you need to be, as safely as possible.
The Challenge of Storing Data in University Environments
Universities have diverse storage requirements due to the wide range of activities they engage in. This also means some very unique challenges that regular users might not encounter on a regular basis just because of the dynamic environment.
So what are some of the key use cases and challenges that universities are faced with?
- Research Data: Universities are centers of research, and they generate and store massive volumes of research data. This can include experimental data, scientific simulations, genomic data, training sets, and other data-intensive research outputs.
- Student Information: Most academia, schools and universities are tasked to handle vast amounts of student information, including academic records, enrollment data, grades, and personal details. This data needs to be securely stored and easily accessible for administrative purposes, student services, and compliance with privacy regulations.
- Multimedia Content: Universities often produce and store multimedia content, including lecture recordings, video tutorials, virtual labs, and multimedia presentations. These resources require significant storage space and efficient retrieval mechanisms to support distance learning initiatives and provide educational materials to students.
- Institutional Archives: Universities maintain institutional archives to preserve historical records, publications, manuscripts, and other valuable intellectual property. These archives require long-term storage solutions that ensure data integrity, accessibility, and preservation over extended periods.
- Collaboration and File Sharing: Universities foster collaboration among researchers, faculty, and students. Hence, storage systems must support easy and secure sharing of files and data sets, enabling efficient collaboration, version control, and synchronization across multiple users and locations.
- Data Protection and Disaster Recovery: Universities handle critical and sensitive data, necessitating robust data protection mechanisms. Storage solutions should include features such as data redundancy, snapshotting, backup, and disaster recovery capabilities to minimize the risk of data loss and ensure business continuity.
- Compliance and Security: Universities need to adhere to data protection regulations, privacy laws, and security standards. Storage solutions should provide encryption options, access controls, auditing capabilities, and compliance features to meet these requirements and safeguard sensitive information.
Addressing these storage requirements effectively is crucial for universities to support their academic, research, and administrative activities. OpenZFS provides a comprehensive set of features that align with these needs, making it a suitable choice for university infrastructures. We'll explore this in our next session.
Should Universities Choose Open Source or Commercial Storage Solutions?
The answer is definitely a predictable one: "It depends". Infrastructure solutions are often a function of budget availability, knowledge, flexibility and just general interest. Knowing how your organization deals with technology will tell you more about which one is the right one for your use case.
While commercial storage solutions may offer certain benefits such as dedicated support and specialized features, the cost-effectiveness, flexibility, transparency, community collaboration, and expertise utilization offered by open source solutions like OpenZFS make them highly suitable storage solutions for universities. These factors align well with the budget constraints and diverse expertise found within university environments, enabling them to optimize their storage infrastructure while focusing on their core academic and research objectives.
Open source solutions like OpenZFS can put the user in the driver's seat by essentially being a lot more customizable, at a far lower cost. But let's take a step back and look at all the advantages it provides:
- Cost-Effectiveness: Budget considerations play a significant role in IT decision making at universities, and open source solutions can be more cost-effective than commercial alternatives. OpenZFS, being open source, is free to use and doesn't require costly licensing fees. Importantly, this advantage is linear, the more storage connected to OpenZFS, the more budget is saved on licensing. This allows universities to allocate their limited resources to other critical areas, such as research, teaching, and infrastructure development.
- Flexibility and Customizability: Open source solutions provide the flexibility and freedom to tailor the storage system to specific university requirements. Universities often have unique storage needs due to the diverse range of academic disciplines and research areas they cater to. OpenZFS, as an open-source platform, allows for extensive customization and integration with existing infrastructure, making it easier to adapt to evolving storage demands.
- Community and Collaboration: Open source projects foster vibrant communities of developers, contributors, and users. The collaborative nature of these communities ensures continuous improvement, bug fixes, and knowledge sharing. Universities we some of the founding members of the open source movement and can continue to benefit from this active community by accessing support forums, documentation, and engaging with experts who can provide valuable insights and assistance. The collaborative environment promotes innovation and ensures that the storage solution remains up-to-date with the latest technologies and best practices.
- Transparency and Security: Open source solutions provide transparency in terms of their source code, allowing universities to audit and verify the security and integrity of the system. This transparency helps identify and rectify vulnerabilities promptly, ensuring a higher level of security for sensitive university data. Additionally, open source software benefits from the collective efforts of a large community, which enhances its overall security through rigorous testing and peer review.
- Expertise and Knowledge Sharing: Universities often have a pool of skilled IT professionals and researchers who can contribute to and benefit from open source solutions. OpenZFS allows universities to leverage the expertise of their own staff members and encourages knowledge sharing within the institution. This collaborative environment promotes professional growth, fosters a culture of innovation, and empowers universities to actively participate in the development and improvement of the storage solution.
OpenZFS And High Performance Computing (HPC)
Universities rely on HPC primarily for advanced scientific research. HPC allows researchers to conduct groundbreaking studies in fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, climate science, and computational mathematics. These disciplines often involve complex simulations, data analysis, and modeling that require significant computational power. HPC enables researchers to tackle large-scale problems, perform intricate calculations, and explore scientific phenomena that would be otherwise impractical or impossible.
Looking at this graph, we can easily see HPC plays a crucial role in driving innovation and technological advancements in every field, however academia has a strong reason to rely on it. It supports the development of new algorithms, data analysis techniques, and simulation methods. Universities can leverage HPC to pioneer new research methodologies, explore interdisciplinary collaborations, and push the boundaries of knowledge in various domains.
So how does OpenZFS play in the HPC market? Let's go over the advantages a bit.
OpenZFS prioritizes data integrity and reliability by employing advanced checksumming techniques. This ensures the accuracy and consistency of stored data, which is vital for HPC applications that depend on precise data for accurate research outcomes.
OpenZFS efficiently handles large-scale data storage. It supports scalable storage pools, allowing universities to seamlessly expand their storage infrastructure as data volumes increase. Its extensible storage configurations maximize performance and capacity, meeting the demanding requirements of HPC workloads.
The flexibility of OpenZFS is another advantage. It offers features like caching, compression, and deduplication, optimizing storage utilization, improving performance, and reducing costs. Snapshotting and cloning capabilities enable researchers to create reproducible experiments and efficiently manage multiple versions of datasets at a lower cost of storage.
OpenZFS ensures high availability through fault tolerance mechanisms. Software-based RAID (RAID-Z) safeguards data against drive failures, and hot-swapping of drives minimizes downtime during hardware replacements, ensuring uninterrupted cluster operations.
In one of the next articles in this series, we will dive deeper into what it means to deploy OpenZFS for HPC clusters and what some of the technical limitations are.
OpenZFS emerges as the ideal solution for university infrastructures, even in the context of High-Performance Computing (HPC). Its technical prowess and unique features make it well-suited for the complex requirements of university environments.
OpenZFS shines in its ability to customize and optimize storage resources. With features such as transparent compression, adaptive caching, and strong checksumming, it optimizes storage utilization, enhances performance, and reduces costs. The Copy-on-Write nature of ZFS ensures data integrity and efficient data management, both of which are critical for research activities in universities.
Did you know?
Our OpenZFS Support team can help your business investigate how OpenZFS is performing in your environment.


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In 1654 the Bristol City Council passed an ordinance requiring that a register of servants destined for the colonies be kept, the purpose being to prevent the practice of dumping innocent youths into servitude. The registers, covering the period 1654 to 1686, are the largest body of indenture records known, and they also are a unique record of English emigration to the American colonies.
Of the total of 10,000 servants in these registers, almost all came from the West Country, the West Midlands, or from Wales. Most entries give the name of the servant, his place of origin (until 1661), length of service, destination (usually Virginia, Maryland, or the West Indies), name of master, and, after 1670, the name of the ship. Four indexes have been included, one each for servants, masters, places of origin, and ships.


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In the end of May, Susan Kozel presented the paper "Somatic Archiving" at Transvaluation: Making the World Matter – International symposium searching for alternative making of values through and in research, Gothenburg, Sweden. Here's the abstract.
ABSTRACT – This paper is anchored in an interdisciplinary research project called Living Archives. The thoughts emerge directly from artistic and philosophical research into performance, archiving and mobile technologies, but rather than discuss the content and methods of a particular research project the topics of value and knowledge are handled more experimentally by means of a triangulation of somatic practices, William Empson's Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930), and the novel by Don DeLillo entitled The Body Artist (2001).
The peculiar tensions between a current bodily practice, an early 20th century formulation of ambiguity from literary criticism that informed early approaches to encryption, and a contemporary work of fiction permit a more fluid set of questions to emerge. Two orientations to the topic of transvaluation are offered: a slippage between internal and external, and the affective power of ambiguity as a constructive or destructive force.
» Introduction to the somatic archiving concept: Somatic Archiving – The Memories of Our Bodies


%0 Trabajo de grado (Bachelor Thesis) %A Torres Saez, Javier Eduardo %D 2017 %G Desconocido (Unknown) %T Case study: ib diploma programme during the procurement of university access and successful experience in further university studies = Estudio de caso: el programa ib diploma en la consecución de acceso a la universidad y experiencia exitosa en los estudios universitarios %U _URL_ %X With the combination of intensive and extensive methods in accordance with the critical realism approach, this case study constitutes an attempt to reveal the generative mechanisms involved when procuring the two promises of the Diploma Programme: as pathway to higher or tertiary education and its subsequent success during further university studies. These generative mechanisms are not observable in the empirical domain, but reachable in the real and actual domain. In this sense, the IB candidates possesses casual powers derived from the Diploma Programme that can remain unexercised or are actualized during the interaction with other entities, in this case the application to university and the consequent further university studies. Sixteen questionnaires and interviews were developed to unveil what mechanisms come at work during these two phases. Participants involved in the case study were pupils undertaking the Diploma Programme in order to see how this is being conceived and consumed, teachers to gain deeper perspective of this curriculum and finally IB graduates enrolled at least in one university course to complement and obtain rich insights about these causal powers. A qualitative analysis of both methods was carried out to identify demi regularities in the questionnaires and recurrent themes in the interviews to confirm and broaden the former ones. The case study concludes revealing and highlighting those most important elements that comprise the rationale of this curriculum choice in relation to the pursuit of university admission process and success during the experience of further university studies.


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Answer: Even better! A lot of ag research stations have investigated the application of chemicals through irrigation systems. Typically they find that fertigation provides the following advantages compared to ground application:
Question: What about chemicals other than fertilizers?
Answer: Most of the above advantages extend to pesticide injection. In addition, researchers report:
Question: How does all this fit together with some of the newer irrigation technologies?
Answer: Two technological advances offer us examples of the perfect fit between injectors and irrigation systems:
Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) heads make pivots even more effective as application devices. LEPA heads are usually arranged to deliver water beneath the crop foliage canopy. Several LEPA head designs have multiple operating modes including the capability to convert between down-spray and up-spray. This feature further improves the flexibility of chemical application by center pivots.
Sub-surface drip irrigation is a technology that couldn't exist without injectors. All crop nutrients are delivered directly to the plant roots through the irrigation lines while the search continues for new systemic pesticides that are well-suited for root uptake. Chemicals must also be injected to keep irrigation lines free of slime that would plug the drip emitters.
This article is reprinted from ChemIndustrial Systems, Inc.; CSI INFO/UPDATE #8 Oct 21, 1994


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Those entitled to relief must be:
- Resident within the parish in which application is submitted for enrolment.
- Wholly destitute of means of subsistence.
- Unable to work and earn a living due to mental and physical causes or both.
- In need of temporary relief due to drought, epidemic disease, fire, flood or other disaster.
- Anyone in or out of the parish who has emergency needs which he cannot meet. This assistance is usually refundable.
Any citizen who, due to circumstances beyond his / her control, finds himself in need of assistance can apply to the nearest Poor Relief Office for temporary assistance. The individual must undertake to repay the Poor Relief Department as soon as he/she is able.


According to Rule 5 of Central Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017 as passed by Lok Sabha :
 1. The person exercising the option to pay tax under section 10 shall comply with the following conditions, namely:-
 1. he is neither a casual taxable person nor a non-resident taxable person;
 2. the goods held in stock by him on the appointed day have not been purchased in the course of inter-State trade or commerce or imported from a place outside India or received from his branch situated outside the State or from his agent or principal outside the State, where the option is exercised under sub-rule (1) of rule 3;
 3. the goods held in stock by him have not been purchased from an unregistered supplier and where purchased, he pays the tax under sub-section (4) of section 9;
 5. he was not engaged in the manufacture of goods as notified under clause (e) of sub-section (2) of section 10, during the preceding financial year;
 2. The registered person paying tax under section 10 may not file a fresh intimation every year and he may continue to pay tax under the said section subject to the provisions of the Act and these rules.
 1. GST Acts and Rules
About the Author
CA Maninder Singh


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Odd Pair Sudoku puzzles add extra constraints to regular Sudoku by labelling some pairs of neighbouring squares which contain values that sum to an odd value. Put another way, some pairs of squares where one value is odd and the other is even are indicated.
How to solve Odd Pair Sudoku puzzles
A Odd Pair Sudoku puzzle consists of a standard Sudoku grid with the addition of "odd pair 'o' markers" between some squares. These indicate that these pairs of squares contain values which sum to an odd number.
Unlike some other Sudoku variants, not all odd pairs are necessarily marked. So if there is no marker between two squares then these squares may or may not sum to an odd pair - you just don't know. The reason for this is that if I was to mark all odd pairs then you could immediately label all squares as either odd or even, at which point you'd have two smaller separate puzzles that happen to overlap!
To solve an Odd Pair Sudoku puzzle you must place 1 to 9, or 1 to whatever the size of the puzzle is, once each into every row, column and bold-lined rectangle while also obeying the odd pair markers.
Odd Pair Sudoku exampleLook at the top-right bold-lined 2x3 box in the solved puzzle on the left. The 6 and 5 form an odd pair, since 6+5=11 and 11 is odd. Also 6 and 1 form an odd pair, since 6+1 = 7 is an odd total. As mentioned above, in other words wherever there is an odd pair marker than one square in the pair contains an even number and the other contains an odd number.
Odd Pair Sudoku puzzles on puzzlemix appear at a wide range of sizes and difficulties. Usually they are 6x6, 8x8 or 9x9, in which case you must place 1-6, 1-8 or 1-9 once each into every row, column and bold-lined rectangle. These bold-lined rectangles are 2x3 for 6x6 puzzles, 4x2 for 8x8 puzzles and they are 3x3 for 9x9 puzzles.
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(Setting system-wide locale: merged from systemd#Locale)
(Remove duplication. Already said in Enabling necessary locales section.)
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See {{ic|man 1 localectl}} and {{ic|man 5 locale.conf}} for details.
To use them, the locales need to be specified in {{ic|locale.gen}} and generated using the {{ic|locale-gen}} command:
en_AU.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_DK.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8}}
# locale-gen
They will take effect after rebooting the system and will be set for individual sessions at login.
Revision as of 01:23, 8 May 2013
Locale names are defined using the following format:
Enabling necessary locales
$ locale -a
To enable a locale, uncomment the name of the locale in the file /etc/locale.gen. This file contains all the available locales that can be used on the system. Revert the process to disable a locale. After the necessary locales are enabled, the system needs to be updated with the new locales:
# locale-gen
To display the locales now currently in use, use:
$ locale
Tip: Though it's most likely that just one language is used use on your computer, it can be helpful or even necessary to enable other locales as well. If you're running a multi-user system with users that do not speak en_US, their individual locale should at least be supported by your system.
US English example
First uncomment the following locales in /etc/locale.gen:
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
Then update the system as root:
# locale-gen
Setting system-wide locale
To define the system-wide locale used on the system, set LANG in /etc/locale.conf.
locale.conf contains a new-line separated list of environment variable assignments: besides LANG, it supports all the LC_* variables, with the exception of LC_ALL.
Note: /etc/locale.conf does not exist by default and must be created manually.
Tip: If the output of locale is to your liking during installation, you can save a little time by doing: # locale > /etc/locale.conf while chrooted.
An advanced example configuration would be:
# Enable UTF-8 with Australian settings.
# Keep the default sort order (e.g. files starting with a '.'
# should appear at the start of a directory listing.)
# Set the short date to YYYY-MM-DD (test with "date +%c")
You can set the default locale in locale.conf also using localectl, for example:
# localectl set-locale LANG="de_DE.utf8"
See man 1 localectl and man 5 locale.conf for details.
Setting fallback locales
Programs which use gettext for translations respect the LANGUAGE option in addition to the usual variables. This allows users to specify a list of locales that will be used in that order. If a translation for the preferred locale is unavailable, another from a similar locale will be used instead of the default. For example, an Australian user might want to fall back to British rather than US spelling:
export LANGUAGE="en_AU:en_GB:en"
or system-wide
Setting per user locale
As we mentioned earlier, some users might want to define a different locale than the system-wide locale. To do this, export the variable LANG with the specified locale in the ~/.bashrc file. For example, to use the en_AU.UTF-8 locale:
export LANG=en_AU.UTF-8
The locales will be updated next time ~/.bashrc is sourced. To update, either re-login or source it manually:
$ source ~/.bashrc
Setting collation
Collation, or sorting, is a little different. Sorting is a goofy beast and different locales do things differently. To get around potential issues, Arch used to set LC_COLLATE="C" in /etc/profile. However, this method is now deprecated. To enable this behavior, simply add the following to /etc/locale.conf:
Now the ls command will sort dotfiles first, followed by uppercase and lowercase filenames. Note that without a LC_COLLATE setting, locale aware apps sort by LC_ALL or LANG, but LC_COLLATE settings will be overridden if LC_ALL is set. If this is a problem, ensure that LC_ALL is not set by adding the following to /etc/profile instead:
export LC_ALL=
Note that LC_ALL is the only LC variable which cannot be set in /etc/locale.conf.
Setting the first day of the week
In many countries the first day of the week is Monday. To adjust this, change or add the following lines in the LC_TIME section in /usr/share/i18n/locales/:
week 7;_PHONE_;5
first_weekday 2
first_workday 2
And then update the system:
# locale-gen
My terminal doesn't support UTF-8
Unfortunately some terminals do not support UTF-8. In this case, you have to use a different terminal. Here are some terminals that have support for UTF-8:
 - vte-based terminals
 - gnustep-terminal
 - konsole
 - mlterm
 - rxvt-unicode
 - xterm
Xterm doesn't support UTF-8
Gnome-terminal or rxvt-unicode doesn't support UTF-8
You need to launch these applications from a UTF-8 locale or they will drop UTF-8 support. Enable the en_US.UTF-8 locale (or your local UTF-8 alternative) per the instructions above and set it as the default locale, then reboot.
See also


text:
Last name: Ackerman
This long-established surname is of Anglo-Saxon origin, and is a status name for a bond tenant who was employed as a ploughman for a manor. The derivation is from the Olde English pre 7th Century "aecermann", a compound of "aecer", field, ploughed land, cognate with the Old Norse "akr", and "mann", man. On many medieval manors there were separate tenements held by "acremen" in return for ploughing service, and a quotation from "Lay le Freine" reads, "The foules up, and song on bough, And acremen yeld to the plough". Early examples of the surname include: Robert le Akerman (Essex, 1233); Roger le Acreman (Oxfordshire, 1273); and Hugh Akerman (Cambridgeshire, 1273). The "Historical English Dictionary", dated 1389, tells us that "both prestis and knightis mosten bicome acremen and heerdis". In the modern idiom the surname has four spelling variations: Ackerman(n), Akerman and Acreman. On August 15th 1568, Anna Ackerman and John Habet were married at St. Dionis Backchurch, London. A notable namebearer mentioned in the "National Biography" was Rudolph Ackermann who, in 1801, patented a method for making articles waterproof, and established art lithography in England (1817). A Coat of Arms granted to the Ackerman family in 1761 is described thus: Quarterly per fesse indented first and fourth gules, in chief a maunch argent, in base an acorn sprig or, second and 3rd or, three dragons' heads couped of the first. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of William Acreman, which was dated 1100, in the "Chartulary of Ramsey Abbey", Huntingdonshire, during the reign of King Henry 1, known as "The Lion of Justice", 1100 - 1135. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research _URL_ 1980 - 2013


text:
The central government allocated 23.5 billion yuan to actively promote energy conservation and emission reduction. The Ministry of Finance conscientiously implemented the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress and the instructions and requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on doing a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction. In 2007, it allocated 23.5 billion yuan of special funds to actively promote energy conservation and emission reduction and achieved remarkable results. Recently, the Ministry of Finance held a national conference on fiscal energy conservation and emission reduction, overturning people's previous impression of difficult degradation and high pollution, and conducting in-depth research and comprehensive deployment of fiscal support for energy conservation and emission reduction
promoting energy conservation and emission reduction is an important measure to solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution in China. It is of great significance to promote the transformation of economic development mode, achieve sound and rapid economic development, and build a socialist harmonious society. The general guiding ideology of financial support for energy conservation and emission reduction is to change the concept of financial management under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, give full play to the leverage of fiscal policies and financial funds through institutional innovation and mechanism improvement, promote governments at all levels, enterprises and the whole society to pay attention to energy conservation and emission reduction in development ideas and behaviors, and promote the transformation of economic development mode and consumption mode, Promoting the formulation and revision of the "ten corresponding standards" must also keep up with the realization of the energy conservation and emission reduction goals of the "first five year plan"
in the coming period, financial departments at all levels should take promoting energy conservation and emission reduction as an important task, and earnestly do the following work according to the working idea of "consolidating the foundation, clarifying, innovating the mechanism, increasing investment and creating the environment": first, support the ten key energy-saving projects, establish a new mechanism of "replacing subsidies with awards", and adopt the way of linking financial incentives with energy conservation, Support the technological transformation of energy conservation in enterprises and energy conservation in buildings. Second, support the construction of supporting pipes for sewage treatment facilities in central and western cities, and determine incentive funds according to local new pipe mileage, sewage treatment capacity, COD reduction and other factors, so as to mobilize local investment enthusiasm. Third, support the economically underdeveloped regions to eliminate the backward production capacity following the development of IOT, implement the local government responsibility system, and the central government adopts special transfer payment to reward the elimination of backward production capacity in 13 industries in the central and western regions, such as power, steel, paper and so on. Fourth, support the establishment of energy-saving reports, audit systems, energy efficiency standards, and labeling systems. 5 Jaso t 203 (2) 005 motorcycle light alloy wheels, and do a good job in the basic work of energy conservation. Fifth, we should support the construction of environmental supervision capacity and accelerate the construction of "three systems" for monitoring, indicators and assessment of major pollutant emissions. Sixth, support the water pollution control of the "three rivers and three lakes" and the Songhua River and other key river basins. Seventh, explore the establishment of a market-based mechanism for energy conservation and emission reduction, accelerate the establishment of an effective sewage treatment and sewage charging mechanism, explore the establishment of a paid use and trading mechanism for sewage, as well as a trans basin and trans regional ecological compensation mechanism. Eighth, create a good policy environment for energy conservation and emission reduction, pay close attention to the study and introduction of tax and charging policies to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and actively and steadily promote the price reform of energy and resource products


The 40 ft Shipping Container. How Are Australians Using Them?
20ft_gp_new_greenRead about the 40ft shipping container and how it is used in Australia. We look at the types of 40 ft container and the different ways in which they are used and re-purposed.
Shipping containers come in several different sizes. The standard cargo container sizes are 10ft, 20ft and 40ft. Among the different size variations, the 40ft shipping container is considered the most cost-effective as it allows users to carry significantly more cargo while only adding about 15-25% more to what you would pay for a 20ft cargo container.
A 40ft container can carry double the volume of a 20ft cargo container and about 3,000kg more than its smaller counterpart making it the ideal choice for users who want to move large-volume cargo by land or sea.
Jump To:
What are the types of 40ft containers?
How are 40ft shipping containers used?
What determines the cost of shipping containers?
What Are The Types of 40ft containers?
types of 40ft containersSimilar to the 20ft container, the 40ft container also does come in a number of variations to make it more suitable for carrying different types of cargo. The different types of 40ft containers are:
 - General purpose. These are the normal standard types with no additional modifications. These are used for shipping dry goods that do not require any special storage.
 - Temperature controlled/reefers. These are either refrigerated, insulated or heated and are used for shipping sensitive cargo that needs to be stored in a temperature specific environment. The added insulation does, however, eat into the interior space making temperature controlled 40ft containers to have smaller internal dimensions as compared to the general purpose 40ft container.
 - High cube. This is a slightly taller (by a foot) variation of the 40ft container. The extra height provides more room for bulky cargo without adding to the containers base footprint. High cubes are available both as temperature controlled and general-purpose containers.
 - Flat rack. These look like the flatbed of a truck and are used for the transportation of out-of-gauge cargo such as processed timber, machinery or semi-finished goods.
All these containers share similar dimensions in terms of length and width. It's only the height and internal dimensions that vary among the different types; thus, they all retain the standard base footprint of a 40ft container.
How Are 40ft Shipping Containers Used?
While clearly a winner at shipping, the 40ft container is not limited to one trick. The larger shipping container is being used by Aussies for a myriad other purpose with their size providing the versatility needed for container conversions.
Here are some of the more popular ways Australians are putting these large steel boxes to use for both their businesses and domestic needs:
Houses and accommodation
The cargo container has long been used for providing quick and affordable accommodation the world over. Australians are, however, going a step further by modifying these containers to become comfortable and luxurious houses for themselves and their families.
Because of its larger size, the 40ft container makes container house construction easier by reducing the number of containers you will need to join together when larger housing units are desired.
For smaller housing units such as granny flats and tiny apartments, the larger container unit is particularly popular as it provides adequate room to include all the amenities people have come to expect from a modern accommodation facility without making things too cramped for comfortable living.
Using 40ft shipping containers for building accommodation units also keeps costs low as a single container can provide living space equal to two 20ft containers at a lesser price.
Office construction
Need affordable premises for your business operations? The 40ft shipping container can easily be converted into a single large office building or subdivided to create several smaller offices.
The weatherproof construction of the shipping container and its robust build ensures that your property is kept safe from both the weather elements and burglars even when situated in remote areas. And when you need to move to a new location, all you'll need to do is load up your container office on a flatbed and move it wherever you want which makes them perfect for on-site use such as in mining and construction.
Australians looking to expand their storage facilities have found the 40ft shipping container to be particularly useful as it provides a quick storage solution that is both cheap and secure. General purpose shipping containers can be used for storing all sorts of items from office files and paperwork to furniture for home and office evacuations.
Furthermore, refrigerated containers (or reefers) are being used by hoteliers and caterers for the storage of perishable goods where they work just as well as a regular cold-room.
Car storage is also another area where the container is getting a lot of use with the 40ft container having the ability to store up to 4 cars of average size.
Ablution units
The 40ft container has also proved a popular choice for the construction of ablution blocks. Their large size enables constructors to fit a clean water tank as well as a septic tank for the waste making this kind of units completely self-contained and perfect for off-the-grid use.
Ablution blocks constructed using this large container can be used as portable washroom facilities for parties, large gatherings and even in remote worksites where decent washrooms are hard to come by.
At 12.192 m, the 40ft container is pretty long which makes it ideal for constructing bridges over creeks and canals. For bridge construction, you can either use a general-purpose 40ft container or the 40ft flat rack depending on the kind of vehicles that will be using it.
Container bridges are cheaper and faster to put up than regular bridges and can be removed just as easily as well.
Popup shops and restaurants
These are quite common in Australia. The 40ft container with its extra capacity provides the perfect space for pop up shops and restaurants. The extra space can be used for a sitting area or for storing inventory for the operation.
Being based on the intermodal shipping container, these types of restaurants and shops can be moved easily making them perfect for events, promotions and exhibitions.
Another area where the 40ft container is being utilised is in the construction of kitchens. The container can be easily modified and fitted out with all the kitchen appliances and facilities you're accustomed to in a modern kitchen.
These kinds of kitchens are mobile (of course) and can be used for both commercial and domestic purposes. A shipping container kitchen can be especially useful when you're looking to clear out your kitchen for remodelling.
While these are the most popular 40ft container conversions around, there are numerous other uses for these versatile items. Most container suppliers will provide customisation options to help you modify your 40ft shipping container to suit your specific needs.
With the added capacity and comparatively lower cost of purchase (as compared to buying two 20ft containers), the 40ft shipping container has established itself as one of the top picks for Australians looking to undertake a container conversion project.
What determines the cost of shipping containers?
What Determines The Cost Of Shipping Containers?
Image source: Tiger Containers
Tiger Containers Supplies 40ft Shipping Containers In Australia
tiger containers
guide to buying shipping containers in aussie blogpost
Infographic by:
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text:
Salt of Hartshorn, also known as baker's ammonia, is a leavening agent that was originally made from hartshorn oil. Nowadays, salt of hartshorn is chemically produced. It contains ammonium carbonate.
Salt of Hartshorn is used as a leavening agent in baking pastries, especially in some traditional recepies.
Other tips for use:
– Starting a new aquarim
– Protecting berry bushes from birds:
One sachet (30 g) of ammonium carbonate is divided into three 0,5 l bottles filled with water. Bottles are then digged in the ground between the berry bushes so that the liquid can evaporate freely from the bottle. Evaporating liquid with its odor keeps the birds away from berry bushes. Human cannot smell the odor.
Chemically produced, not of animal origin. Store at room temperature, tightly closed.
Sachet 30 g