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How has the changing nature of society and communal values resulted in law reform?
As societies and social values evolve, law reform is implemented to ensure that the legal system is parallel to changing communal values. In the aspect of family law, law reforms have been initiated in a range of aspects such as parental responsibility, alternate family relationships, surrogacy, birth technologies and more.
Alternate family relationships:
Whilst previously the general idea of family was a married couple with children, changes in social and communal values have resulted in alternate family arrangements. To mirror this change, the legal system has implemented reform to recognise these alternate arrangements. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Customary marriages:
Previously, ATS customary marriages were not recognised under the Australian legal system as they did not fulfil all of the requirements of the Marriages Act however over time the legal system has recognised that this has resulted in unfair treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in many instances such as taxation, superannuation, compensation, property and children. Thus, the government now recognises ATS marriages albeit to a limited extent. They are given the same rights as de facto relationships in aspects such as legitimacy of children, adoption, fostering and child welfare laws, distribution of property, intestacy, compensation, superannuation (covered by Social Security Act) and tax rebate. De Facto Couples:
Whilst earlier, society frowned upon couples living together in a bona fide relationship prior to marriage, this has become a common aspect of modern society with a large percentage of couples living together in a de facto relationship prior to marriage and some even opting to not get married. To accommodate for this evolution of communal ideals, reform was implemented through the Property (relationships) Act 1984, providing legal recognition for de facto relationships given...
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Direct torque control (DTC) is one of the most excellent control strategies of torque control in induction machine. It is considered as an alternative to the field oriented control (FOC) or vector control technique. These two control strategies are different on the operation principle but their objectives are the same. They aim to control effectively the torque and flux. Torque control of an induction machine based on DTC strategy has been developed and a comprehensive study is present in this research. The performance of this control method has been demonstrated by simulations performed using a versatile simulation package, Matlab/Simulink. Several numerical simulations have been carried out in a steady state and transient operation on a speed control mode.
1. Direct torque control
2. Induction machine
3. Vector control
Fig.1 Direct torque control of induction machine
Fig. 2: Developed model of direct torque control of induction machine
EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:
(a)Estimated torque (b) Rotor speed
(c) Stator flux magnitude (d) Stator flux magnitude constrained in hysteresis band
(e) Locus of the stator flux (f) D-axis and q-axis stator current
(G) Stator current
Fig. 3: a-g: DTC behaviour during start-up with no load
Fig. 4: Steady state response of rotor speed with no load
Fig. 5: Dynamic behaviour of DTC during a load Torque step command from +20 Nm to -20 Nm
Fig. 6: The effect of flux hysteresis band on the DTC performance
The work carried out in this paper is aimed and focused to develop a direct torque control simulink model. The DTC architecture allows the independent and decoupled control of torque and stator flux. The implementation of the DTC model has been deeply described and justified its realization. In order to show the effectiveness of the model, a numerical simulation has been performed on a 7.5 kW induction machine fed by an IGBT PWM inverter. The feasibility and the validity of the developed DTC model, based on switching table technique, have been proved by simulation results obtained in the torque control mode.
1. Casadei, D., G. Gandi, G. Serra and A. Tani, 1994. Effect of flux and torque hysteresis band amplitude in direct torque control of Induction Machine. Proc. IECON'94, Bologna, Italy, 299-304.
2. Casadei, D., F. Profumo, G. Serra and A. Tani, 2002. FOC and DTC: two viable schemes for induction motors torque control. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 17(5): 779-787.
3. 3. Chapuis, Y.A. and D. Roye, 1998. Direct torque control and current limitation method in start up of an induction machine. IEEE Conf. Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives, 451-455
4. 4. Takahashi, I. and Y. Ohmori, 1989. High Performace direct torque control of induction motor. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 25 (2): 257-264.
5. Vas, P., 1990. Vector Control of a.c. machines.Oxford University Press.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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If your home was built before 1975, you probably have cast iron drains. The high quality cast iron pipes are sanitary approved and are still in use today. However, imported steel arrived in the United States about 50 years ago.
In most cases, cast-iron sewer pipes in households should last 75-100 years. In commercial applications, the service life of cast iron hydraulic pipes is 3050 years.
Since all cast iron sewer pipes need to be replaced, it is highly recommended to replace cast iron pipes under a concrete slab, not to repair them.
Clay is one of the oldest pipe materials in the world and is still used in some places. In the United States, the material was chosen between 1880 and 1900. Like bricks and tiles, clay pipes are heavy and difficult to transport, so many cities had their own clay pipes.
Potential Dangers of Cast Iron Pipes
When cast iron exhaust pipes fail, it is usually due to internal corrosion. Hydrogen sulfide gas can form as a result of passing through drains. This can oxidize and produce sulfuric acid, which corrodes the cast iron. Your pipes are probably original and therefore as old as the year your house was built.
The original problem: Corroded cast iron pipes
- Shut off the water supply to the hose.
- Clean the repair area by removing the rust with a wire brush and dusting off the dirt with a clean rag.
- Fill the leak with a cast iron repair compound applied with a putty knife.
- Let the area dry before draining any water or waste through the hose.
Cost of replacing cast iron hydraulic pipes. Tubing replacement can cost anywhere from $ 200 to $ 15,000. This range depends on the size of the project, the materials used and the amount of work required. Some jobs require a lot of wall or floor sawing, which can significantly increase your working hours.
50 to 60 years
In addition to simply replacing the battery for prevention, there are more immediate signs that a battery needs to be replaced. First, if the pile has stones, i.e., crusty rust spots, this can be a sign that the pile is starting to rot and become brittle from the inside out.
It is still widely used in public sewer systems. In modern installations, the pipes are lined with clay to protect them from root penetration and landslide damage. You might be surprised to learn that some working clay pipe systems were installed in America more than 100 years ago.
Enameled sewer pipe
About Cast Iron Pipes
Glazed Clay Tubes (VCPs) are tubes made from a mixture of clay and slate that have been subjected to high temperatures to create vitrification, creating a hard, inert ceramic.
How to find a sound sewer pipe
If there are cast iron pipes in the piping system, do the following to check if they need to be replaced.


Minh Quang Chau*
Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
*Corresponding Author Email: _EMAIL_
When machining a 3D surface with a variable curved profile, we will have to use a ball-end milling cutter. With this type of cutter, depending on the position of the tool's contact with the machining surface, the size and direction of the cutting force, cutting speed, cutting temperature, etc. will be different. The cutting speed varies from maximum to zero at the tip, so in the vicinity of the workpiece material is not cut but destroyed by deformation. This causes the deformation of the cutting tool to constantly change, greatly affecting the machining accuracy as well as the surface quality of the part. This error is a big problem for mechanical manufacturers because there are no specific studies so that they can make appropriate adjustments to the process of compiling the processing program. Therefore, there should be further studies on deformation of cutting tools. The research method is to use mathematical tools and calculation software to establish the relationship between shear force, surface roughness, transform the cutting tool's position with technological parameters and machining surface geometry parameters. The paper focuses on building the cutting section model when milling 3D surfaces with the ball-end milling cutters. Simultaneously assess the parameters of cutting force and machining surface error when milling the 3D surface with a milling cutter.


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DescriptionOver the last decade the analytical toolset of an ecologist studying species communities has undergone major evolution. In response to the widespread understanding that analyzing species jointly rather than one-by-one provides a more in-depth insight on the community structure, many statistical approaches for joint modelling have been published, enabling coherent and rigid testing of various ecological hypotheses. Furthermore, many of such models are accompanied with documented software implementations that greatly facilitate their reusability by other researchers.
However, alongside the increasing expressiveness and complexity of joint species models, the associated model fitting computational costs have also dramatically increased. Thus, analyzing even moderate-sized community datasets with existing packages can take days to obtain a single reliable model fit.
In this work we seek to alleviate such computational load for Bayesian inference in a flexible class of joint species distribution models (JSDM), titled Hierarchical Model of Species Communities (HMSC), which principally encapsulates several other popular JSDMs. We ground our approach in latent Gaussian representation of HMSC combined with several techniques from probabilistic machine learning domain. First, we analytically exploit the specific HMSC-imposed structure for the marginal Gaussian form and blend it together with the Expectation Propagation technique to accommodate non-Gaussian observation models. Next, we consider three strategies for learning the analytically intractable parameters: Maximum Posterior estimate, Variational Inference and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. We demonstrate our approach using simulated and real datasets and compare its performance to two JSDM R packages representing the extremes on the current model fitting techniques gradient – Hmsc and gllvm.
|Aikajakso||22 kesäkuuta 2020 → 26 kesäkuuta 2020|
|Tapahtuman otsikko||International Statistical Ecology Conference|
Tähän liittyvä sisältö


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Back to all Dark circles under the eyes Cases And
The Connection Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function
People living in social isolation often lack regular interactions with others and may predominantly live alone. Recent data reveals that approximately 19% of elderly Australians experience this kind of isolation.
A staggering figure suggests that loneliness affects over five million Australians. Globally, countries such as the UK are proactively introducing measures to tackle the escalating "loneliness epidemic", which depicts an increasing number of individuals feeling more isolated and lonely than before. The pivotal questions arise: How detrimental is the sensation of loneliness, and to what extent are its effects influenced by personal perceptions?
The review of current literature led to the identification of 90 significant articles exploring the ties between social isolation, loneliness, and various health outcomes, representing over two million individuals.
These studies encompassed diverse topics, with some probing into the specific relationship between loneliness and severe health conditions such as heart disease or cancer. A considerable portion (29) of these studies came from the US, yet the data set provided a broad representation of countries, primarily those at a development level akin to Australia.
From the data, the team deduced that both factors – social isolation and feelings of loneliness – were associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes and notably, cancer.
Moreover, individuals experiencing social isolation presented a higher likelihood of succumbing to cardiovascular diseases. However, understanding the nuanced relationship between social isolation and loneliness proved somewhat elusive.
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The Queensland Government's announcement today to permanently protect the Cooper's Creek, Georgina, and Diamantina rivers is momentous for western Queensland, said the Western Rivers Alliance, a coalition of regional organisations, graziers, and conservation groups.
Declared Wild Rivers under the government's Wild Rivers Act, this designation will create confidence for graziers over water supplies and deliver long-term benefits for the region's natural environment, such as filling Lake Eyre.
Ten million acres in western Queensland will be protected as a result of this designation, along with the prohibition of coal seam gas development in the region's rivers and floodplains, the creation of ten new Indigenous conservation ranger jobs, and the delivery of a support package for local government and catchment groups to control weeds and feral animals.
"Protection of these rivers is ground-breaking and a great reassurance to graziers," said Angus Emmott with the Australian Floodplain Association, and a third generation grazier from Noonbah Station in western Queensland.
"These systems are dry desert rivers, but when they flood, some of the best beef country anywhere in Australia is created. Living and working out here, our greatest fear is from mining. Protection under the Wild Rivers Act means new mining and coal seam gas is now prohibited from our waterways and vast floodplains," said Mr Emmott.
Cooper's Creek, Georgina, and Diamantina rivers are great Australian icons–immortalised by Bush poet Banjo Patterson, and the site of the tragic deaths of explorers Burke and Wills. They form one of the last near-natural desert river systems left in the world.
The area transforms during wet times from an arid environment to one bursting with fish, birds, wildflowers, and lush green grasses, as masses of water travel hundreds of kilometers from the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in North Queensland to South Australia's Lake Eyre.
"In the 1990s, we as a community had to fight tremendously hard to keep cotton irrigators from killing Cooper's Creek. The main threat now is from mining and coal seam gas. Having our river protected under the Wild Rivers Act sends a signal to the mining industry to keep away from our rivers and floodplains, so we can manage them for future generations," said Bob Morrish, chairman of the Cooper's Creek Protection Group.
The declaration follows almost three years of extensive, local negotiations, the majority of it driven and shaped by the leadership within western Queensland's local governments.
"What we have experienced with Cooper's Creek, Georgina, and Diamantina rivers in western Queensland is some of the most successful consensus-driven community policy development Australia has seen. Traditional Owners, catchment and natural resource management groups, mayors, and conservation and producer organisations came together in a spirit of cooperation.
The result has fulfilled the promise of the Wild Rivers Act and provided the protection needed for these globally significant rivers in the Channel Country," said Barry Traill, director of the Pew Environment Group's Australia program.
"The Bligh Government has shown strong environmental leadership here, putting the long-term protection of this important river system ahead of short-term mining and irrigation interests. It is critical that LNP leader Campbell Newman now unreservedly supports this move, so we have genuine bipartisan commitment to the protection of this wonderful natural icon," said Glenn Walker, Wild Rivers campaigner for The Wilderness Society.
To learn more about these Wild Rivers protections, read the Queensland Government's statement.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Eye on the States: Will California Abolish the Death Penalty?
With the presidential election fast approaching, California is gearing up for another landmark vote; on November 6th citizens of the Golden State will cast their ballot on Proposition 34. Known as the SAFE California Act, the proposition aims to abolish the state's death penalty and replace it with a life-sentence without the chance of parole. What makes Proposition 34 so important is that it will not only influence California's own policy, it will also set an example for the nation.
The Reform Jewish Movement has been vocal in our opposition to capital punishment. In 1959 the Union for Reform Judaism proclaimed:
We believe that in the light of modern scientific knowledge and concepts of humanity, the resort to our continuation of capital punishment either by a state or by the national government is no longer morally justifiable.
We believe there is no crime for which the taking of human life by society is justified, and that it is the obligation of society to evolve other methods in dealing with crime. We pledge ourselves to join with like-minded Americans in trying to prevent crime by removal of its causes, and to foster modern methods of rehabilitation of the wrongdoer in the spirit of the Jewish tradition of tshuva (repentance).
Proposition 34 does more than just abolish the state death penalty. One clause would require any person found guilty of murder to work while in prison, allocating their wages to victim restitution fines. Additionally, the act would create a $100 million fund that would aid law enforcement agencies in their effort to solve homicide and rape cases. Although not stipulated in the proposition, if passed, the act is predicted to save California $130 million a year because of the high costs currently incurred by capital punishment and death row.
For both practical and moral reasons, we must act to ensure the passage of the SAFE California Act. If we are to advocate for the advancement of our values, and if we are to realize our ideals it is incumbent upon us to support Proposition 34 and to encourage our friends and family in California to work toward and vote for its passage.
For more information about how you can get involved, check the official campaign website.
Image courtesy of SAFE California
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Mikey Pasek
About Mikey Pasek
Mikey Pasek is an Eisendrath Legislative Assistant. He is from Philadelphia, PA, and is a graduate of Bates College. Follow Mikey on twitter _USER_ and on the web at _URL_
3 Responses to "Eye on the States: Will California Abolish the Death Penalty?"
 1. Mikey Pasek
 Thank you all for your comments,I encourage you to look at our issue page on the Death Penalty, which provides links to organizations through which we informed our perspective at _URL_
 2. Prop. 34 proponents are perpetuating a huge FRAUD against California voters, knowing that with the millions of out-of-state dollars they can repeat their lies enough times that voters will begin to accept them. A Study by Judicial Watch concludes that Prop. 34 is "both disingenuous and deceptive." Three former CA governors and every major law enforcement group in CA OPPOSE Pro. 34.
 Pro. 34 is dangerous, will cost taxpayers more, and was poorly thought through.
 Prop. 34 will NOT save money, but instead COST TAXPAYERS BILLIONS of dollars more in additional trials, prison changes, and escalating health care costs.
 Claims that Prop. 34 will save money are based upon a paper written by a former judge who has been advocating for abolishing the death penalty for decades (biased and inaccurate). A review of these numbers by the Legislative Analyst's Office concludes that the assumptions supporting these claimed savings "may well be wrong." Michael Genest, former State Of California Finance Director, found that these "savings claims are grossly exaggerated." Also, the loss of the threat of the death penalty will substantially increase the total number of murder trials by taking away a major incentive for murderers to plead guilty.
 Prop. 34 ignores the escalating costs of medical care for life-time inmates. Prop. 34 will cost CA taxpayers billions more over the next several years. (It is these huge medical costs that are fueling the attack on life sentences under 3-strikes under Prop. 36.)
 Prop. 34 is DANGEROUS. Experts conclude that Pro. 34 will increase the number of murders in California. Criminals will be more brazen in their crimes without the death penalty. Also, there will be no deterrent for the 34,000 inmates already serving life from killing a guard or an inmate. They are already serving the maximum penalty.
 One of the key methods for "saving" money under Prop. 34 is to move death row inmates into the general population and house them from single-person cells with other inmates. One strong proponent of Prop. 34 admits this is unworkable– the risk of danger posed by mixing the prison population is too great, and would increase costs associated with such an arrangement.
 Life without parole is means they WILL GET OUT. Efforts are already being pursued by the same people supporting anti-punishment ballots and legislation to get rid of life sentences. (Human Rights Watch, Old Behind Bars, 2012.) On 9/30/12, Brown passed the first step, signing a bill to allow 309 inmates with life sentences for murder to be paroled after serving 25 years. Someone who has committed a brutal murder at age 20 could get out by age 45! Governors are also notorious for releasing inmates who should never be released. Convicted killers get out and kill again, such as Darryl Thomas Kemp, Kenneth Allen McDuff, and Bennie Demps.
 ARGUMENTS OF INNOCENCE BOGUS. Proponents can't identify one innocent person executed in CA. They can't identify one person on CA's death row who has exhausted his appeals and has a plausible claim of innocence. Quite simply, CA's appellate process, designed by the very same people promoting Prop. 34, is 100% effective in weeding out the innocent. Every person Prop. 34 proponents refer to are either non-death-penalty cases or out-of-state cases where defendants do not get the benefit of CA's appellate process.
 Don't get fooled by the bombardment of lies. See cadeathpenalty.webs. com and voteno34. org for more facts explaining why you should NOT SUPPORT Prop. 34.
 3. A jury of 12 people and a judge confirmed for each of these inmates that their crimes were so atrocious and they were so dangerous that they not only did not deserve to live, but they were so dangerous that the only safe recourse was the death penalty. Recognizing how dangerous these killers are, the prison houses them one person to a cell and does not provide them with work, leaving them locked in their cells most of the day.
 Prop. 34 wants to ignore all of this and save money by placing these killers in less-restrictive prisons where they share cells with other inmates. They also want to provide them opportunities for work, where they have more freedom, access to other inmates and guards, and more chances to manufacture weapons.
 Prop. 34 will also destroy any incentive for the 34,000 inmates already serving life without parole to kill again. There would be no death penalty under Prop. 34 and they are already serving a life sentence, so why not get a name for yourself killing another inmate or a guard?
 And they refer to Prop. 34 as the SAFE Act!
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A modern derivative of its cousin, the drunk dial, this involves sending text messages via cell phone to friends, girlfriends, sluts, just friends, etc., usually while in a drunken stupor.
That grease monkey sends her drunk text every weekend at 2am.
by DougCrow January 04, 2006
A drunk text is commonly mistaken by adults as a text sent while drunk, while it truly means to send a thoughtful, loving text to a dear friend.
It became known as a "drunk text" due to the sincerity one may have while under the influence of alcohol.
Sam sends drunk texts to his friends quite often even though he is always sober.
by you better thank me for this June 01, 2010
by Mitch Gorski November 21, 2005
Free Daily Email


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Why are the seeds of this species difficult? The seeds may have physiological dormancy, which can be overcome by mimicking the seasonal patterns of the species' native habitat.
Email your image to _EMAIL_
This species has Orthodox seeds - dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20ºC, or as cool as possible.
The seeds of this species may be Physiologically Dormant (based on members of same family). If germination is low, overcome dormancy by mimicking the seasonal patterns of the species' native habitat. Use a moist pre-chill or pre-heat treatment (depending on local climatic conditions) or a dry after-ripening treatment, before germinating the seeds on agar, germination paper or sand at their optimum temperature. If this does not work, you can perform delicate surgery to enable the embryo to grow. Excise the tissue near the root tip.
Accepted name: Maesobotrya barteri (Baill.) Hutch.
Synonyms: Baccaurea barteri (Baill.) Müll. Arg.
References and Links
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (1994). Genebank Standards. FAO/IPGRI, Rome, Italy.
- AFPD (African Flowering Plants Database) - Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Switzerland, and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA: Maesobotrya barteri.
- SID (Seed Information Database) - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK: Maesobotrya barteri.
- Tropicos - Missouri Botanical Garden, USA: Maesobotrya barteri.


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By Cindy Mindell ~
FAIRFIELD – This year marks the 150th anniversary of the start of the Civil War. In recognition of the sesquicentennial, the Bennett Center for Judaic Studies at Fairfield University will present Civil War historian Adam Mendelsohn as its annual Adolf and Ruth Schnurmacher Lecture in Judaic Studies.
In his talk "Beyond the Battlefield, Jews and the Civil War," Mendelsohn will reassess the impact and importance of the war for the American Jewish community. Mendelsohn has been a member of the Jewish Studies program at the College of Charleston since 2008, where much of his teaching and research focuses on Jews of the American South. He is co-editor, with Prof. Jonathan Sarna of Brandeis University, "Jews and the Civil War: A Reader" (New York University Press, May 2010). He is actively involved in the Jewish Historical Society of South Carolina and the Southern Jewish Historical Society.
Mendelsohn spoke with the Ledger about Jewish involvement in the Civil War, and how the war helped shape the American Jewish community.
What got you interested in the Jews of the American South?
A: As a native of South Africa, American Jewry seemed exotic, very different from the relatively small Anglophile community in Cape Town which I grew up in. Although I had relatives in the U.S. – the South African Jewish community has its own substantial diaspora of example-pats living abroad – I knew next to nothing about the history of Jewish life in America. I stumbled on to the field during graduate school. My interest was first piqued when I chose to compare the experience of Jews in South Africa living in a deeply racially divided society with those elsewhere. The Southern Jewish struggle with segregation seemed like a natural analogue for comparison. One thing led to another, and I was soon at Brandeis University working on a doctorate in American Jewish history with Jonathan D. Sarna. Out of serendipity I've made a career studying American Jews. They're less exotic to me than they once were, but no less interesting.
Although my work has taken me away from only studying Southern Jews – I'm now working on a book about Jewish involvement in the garment industry, the "shmata" business, in the decades before the Civil War – I continue to teach extensively about the subject, including a class this semester on Jews, slavery, and the Civil War.
What are some of the myths and misperceptions about Jews and the Civil War?
A: I argue that for far too long Jews have adopted an apologetic tone when writing about Jewish war service. For decades, Jewish historians sought to prove that Jews fought for the Union and Confederacy in numbers proportional to their presence in the broader society. I think this is a silly question that reflects a defensiveness on the part of Jews about this subject.
As our starting point we should take it for granted that Jews participated like all other groups in this extraordinary war. Rather than focusing on bravery and heroism – something we again can take for granted – we should focus on the challenges and opportunities that the war presented to a population that for the most part had only recently arrived in the U.S.
It is far more interesting to discover why these immigrants fought for causes that may have seemed foreign to them at the time than how they fought. My talk tries to do exactly this – shift the focus away from battlefield exploits toward a subject that has been little studied: the extraordinary role played by Jews in supplying the armies of the Union and Confederacy. This is arguably the one area that Jews had a significant impact on the war, and certainly the area in which the war had the most important consequence for Jews.
How did Jews contribute to the Civil War?
A: The vast majority of Jews living in the United States in 1860 were immigrants from central Europe. There were around 15,000 Jews in America in 1840 and more than 125,000 20 years later. The Jewish population had more than doubled over the previous decade. The vast majority came in search of prosperity and equality. The United States' internal quarrel over slavery versus free soil must have seemed remote to them. And yet so many young Jewish men chose to enlist in both armies. Several rose from the rank of private to that of colonel commanding a regiment. Several fought with distinction: seven Jews were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. This should be unsurprising. Shot and shell winnowed the ranks of both armies, offering ample opportunity for rapid advancement and heroism. More interesting is the question of why these men fought – why put life and limb on the line for a cause far removed from their origins as central European immigrants?
In essence, I argue that the focus on the battlefield exploits of Jews conceals more than it reveals. Although more than 8,000 Jews fought for the Union and Confederacy, this wartime role left only a limited legacy and had only a very limited impact on the war itself. Not so, I argue, the legacy of the Jews who stitched and sewed hundreds of thousands of uniforms for both armies. Not only did Jewish entrepreneurs play a key role in clothing the Confederacy and Union, but their wartime experience had important implications for American Jewish history.
My talk focuses on the role played by Jews in supplying both armies. While Jews were relatively inconspicuous in the ranks, many of the largest suppliers of uniforms to the Union were Jewish firms. The war provided a huge and important boost to Jews involved in the clothing trade not only during war time, but also in the decades after the conflict was over.
What was among the more surprising findings in your research for "Jews and the Civil War?"
A: My largest surprise in working on this book was both how little and how much we know about certain subjects. Very little has been written about Jewish involvement in Reconstruction, although several historians recently have begun to focus on the topic. Again for a long time this was an uncomfortable topic – Jews were often identified as being carpetbaggers. Now that the subject is sufficiently distant, we feel comfortable enough to ask tough and revealing questions. By contrast, I was very pleasantly surprised to discover how much we know about other topics. There are, for example, several wonderful diaries and memoirs written by southern Jewish women during the war. Several historians have used these to great effect to write about the experience of Jewish women on the home front. Then again, while we now know a fair amount about southern Jewish women, the opposite is true of the experience of Jewish women in the North during the war.
Prof. Adam Mendelsohn will speak Thursday, Nov. 17, 7:30 p.m., Fairfield University, Charles F. Dolan School of Business, 1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield. The lecture is free, but reservations are requested. For more information call _PHONE_, ext. 2066 or _EMAIL_.


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Problem 286Published on Saturday, 3rd April 2010, 05:00 am; Solved by 1034
Barbara is a mathematician and a basketball player. She has found that the probability of scoring a point when shooting from a distance x is exactly (1 - x/q), where q is a real constant greater than 50.
During each practice run, she takes shots from distances x = 1, x = 2,..., x = 50 and, according to her records, she has precisely a 2 % chance to score a total of exactly 20 points.
Find q and give your answer rounded to 10 decimal places.


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In this assignment, you will explore the dynamics of the small-group theory. You will learn the competing views of the small-group theory, understand the similarities and differences within the small-group theory, and identify these differences and similarities in your own group interactions.
Using the Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, read more about group dynamics and the small-group theory. Based on your research, in a minimum of 400 words, respond to the following points:
- Compare and contrast the competing views of the small-group theory and provide the most relevant information based on your research.
- Analyze how your current research on the small-group theory supports a past group experience of your own, especially in the area of human services, voluntary service, or otherwise.


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Red's friends would love to try some of her delicious apples, but Red wants to keep them all for herself! The Super Readers venture into the story of the Goose and the Golden Eggs to visit an old man who is as protective of his special eggs as Red is of her delicious fruit. This old man must learn his lesson, before his golden goose flies the coop! And Red needs to find out how share with her friends. Educational Objectives: To learn about giving to friends, sing the alphabet and identify the letters M-O-R-E. Kids will practice the magic of spelling and find that the power to read can change the story.
Visit the Website: _URL_
Episode #130 / Length: 30 minutes


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is spreading, it is very bad to be one of the first people to get it (because doctors have not worked out a treatment yet).
Loosely speaking, betweenness centrality is defined as the number of geodesic paths that pass through a node. It is the number of "times" that any node needs go through a given node to reach any other node by the shortest path.
More precisely, if gij is the number of geodesic paths from i to j and gikj is the number of paths from i to j that pass through k, then gikj/gij is the proportion of geodesic paths from i to j that pass through k. The sum ck = gikj/gij for all i,j pairs is betweenness centrality.
In a diffusion process, a node that has betweenness can control the flow of information, acting as a gatekeeper. This is the classic role played by the executive secretary, who can acquire a great deal of unofficial power this way.
In a network of friendship relations, say, among top players in the personal computer field, the node with high betweennness can serve as a liaison between disparate regions of the network. For example, Bill Gates, head of Microsoft, is part of a certain circle of friends. Larry Ellison, head of Oracle, is part of a different circle of friends. Bill and Larry violently do not get along. Whenever cooperation is needed between Microsoft and Oracle, as in developing standards for network computers, it has to be arranged by a third party that has ties with both camps.
We can think of betweenness as a measure of the extent to which a node is in a position to exploit many structural holes. A structural hole is a gap in a network: a lack of connection between two nodes. A third party that is connected to the two unconnected nodes can sometimes exploit the situation.
Ego bridges hole between alter1 and alter2
There are two generic benefits to being in the middle. One is the information benefit from being plugged into different camps or regions of the network. If all your ties are to one group of persons who are all interconnected (a "clique"), all you ever hear is the same information being recirculated. The other is the control benefit of being able to play one person against the other. For example, if ego is a woman that alter1 and alter2 are courting, ego can let alter1 know that alter2 is buying her an expensive ring for her birthday. This may lead to alter1 trying to top that with an even better gift.
|Copyright ©1996 Stephen P. Borgatti||Revised: October 08, 1997||Go to Home page|


text:
Writing characters that feel realistic can be a challenge. In today's video I give tips on how to make your character seem realistic within the context of your novel. I also provide a list of personality traits and physical traits that are commonly seen as unrealistic by readers.
- When characters don't feel realistic, it's normally because they have an overabundance of positive traits.
- Characters don't have to seem realistic in the sense that they could exist in reality. They just need to seem realistic or possible within the world of your novel.
- Internal consistency is another way to make characters feel more realistic. When the character traits, flaw, and motivation all work together, they create a cohesive and realistic whole.
Traits Commonly Seen as Unrealistic
It's okay to use some of these unrealistic traits so long as they are serving a function in the novel and are not included purely for the purpose of making the character seem better or idealistic.
Using several of these character traits could cause readers to dislike your character and could be seen as a red flag to agents and editors that a writer is an amateur. Of course this depends on how the traits are executed within the novel.
Character traits to use sparingly:
- An unusual appearance
- An extremely attractive appearance
- High contrast between the hair and skin (such as white skin and black hair, or black skin and blond hair)
- Unusual or unnatural eye colors, especially purple eyes.
- A normal appearance that is unnaturally mesmerizing
- Extreme skills or unique skills in a wide variety of areas
- Skills that were not learned
- Uselessness (no skills) yet is treated as valuable by other characters in a group
- An idealistic lifestyle (dates models, drives fast cars, lives in a mansion)
Questions to Ask About Your Novel
1.Does you protagonist have any unrealistic traits?
It's important for the character to seem realistic within the context of your novel. So long as your character has traits that he or she could have realistically learned, acquired, or been born with, then it's okay to have a unique or unusual character. But it's a good idea to avoid giving your character purple eyes or supermodel girlfriends just because it's cool.
2. Does your protagonist have any traits that could be better justified?
If your main character is a whiz with computers, where did he or she learn that skill? It can be very helpful to provide backstory that explains where skills came from. It's okay for the character to be highly skilled just because a topic interests them, but make sure to plant those seeds in the reader's mind early on. A character who suddenly busts out karate moves during the climax is not going to feel realistic.
If you have any questions about writing a realistic character, please post it in the comments below.
Comment Question: Have you read any characters that seemed too unrealistic to believe? What about them made them so unrealistic?
Workshop #1 critiques will be posted later today and every day next week. If you didn't get a chance to submit last week, the submission form is still open!
Want to connect with other Novel Boot Camp Participants?
For more writing tips, follow or subscribe:


text:
Cubic inches to cubic centimeters conversion table shows the most common values for the quick reference. Alternatively, you may use the converter below to convert any other values.
1 Cubic Inch = 16.387064 Cubic Centimeters
Cubic inch is an imperial, u.s. customary unit and defined as a cube with sides are one inch in length. Several symbols are used as abbreviation for this unit, but mostly "cu in" and "in3" are used.
Cubic centimeter is a metric volume unit and defined as a cube with sides are one centimeter in length. It equals to one milliliter and replaced by milliliter in many fields except automotive industry in united states. It is abbreviated as "cm3" in metric system and also as "cc" or "ccm" in non metric systems.
For other volume unit conversions, please go to Volume Conversion


Take the 2-minute tour ×
When identical twins marry identical twins, the children of the couples will be full genetic siblings but why are they not genetically identical?
share|improve this question
I think we need more information. What is the evidence for your assertion? – kmm Oct 5 '12 at 2:54
Apparently this phenomenon (twins marrying twins) is called "quaternary marriage." Useful to know because (1) you can change the title of your question to be more precise (and maybe get better answers to your question); and (2) you now have a starting point to dig around to find answers. – Steve Lianoglou Oct 5 '12 at 3:16
1 Answer 1
They are not identical for the same reason full siblings are not identical.
A simplistic Mendelian setup would be the following:
X1/X2 = Mothers
X3/Y = Fathers
That means the children could be:
So children born to two married couples composed of identical twins only have a 50/50 shot at being the same gender, much less have the exact same set of genes and express them in the same way.
Now, the simplistic view above only concerns 4 alleles - but the human genome is composed of thousands. By the end, the chances of genetically identical offspring from a set of identical twins is still very, very low.
And you haven't even began to include epigenetic variations, which often arise as a response to the environment! One cousin might be shorter due to their diet as an infant, one might have allergies the other does not depending on if they played outside as a child, and for non-Mendelian traits (incomplete dominance, co-dominance, phenotypes that rely on more than one allele [especially hair, eye, and skin color]) there's even more opportunity to introduce differences!
share|improve this answer
Exactly. And then there is crossing over that will produce even more variability. – terdon Oct 5 '12 at 3:42
Let's not forget possible environmental influences on development. – rwst Oct 5 '12 at 15:06
Your Answer


text:
An archaeological expedition to unearth clues about Nate
Harrison, a Palomar Mountain homesteader who is generally
considered the county's first permanent black resident, has
answered some questions about his life —— and possibly raised new
Last summer, San Diego State University students dug up more
than 6,100 artifacts at the old homestead site on Nate Harrison
Grade, a rocky, treacherous road named for the former slave who
fled Kentucky in the mid-1800s to find freedom in California.
Professor Seth Mallios, who led a dozen summer-school students
on the dig for three weeks, will present the findings in a lecture
at 11 a.m. Saturday at the San Diego Archaeological Center in
Escondido, 16666 San Pasqual Valley Road.
Artifacts from the dig, now stored at SDSU, have been catalogued
and researched nonstop since the dig ended in June 2004.
When Nate Harrison fell ill and left Palomar Mountain in 1920,
he left behind a legacy riddled with questions.
"He's a legend for the county —— and I mean that in the good
ways and the bad ways," Mallios said.
Mallios said Harrison was a remarkable man who made friends in
many communities —— the neighboring Pauma American Indians, the
white frontiersmen and other black settlers. But many of the
stories that follow Harrison are too fantastic, Mallios said.
"I feel like maybe it was he who chopped down his father's
cherry tree and could not tell a lie," Mallios said. Some tales
tell of Harrison killing a mountain lion or mixing lizards into his
That's why Mallios set out to conduct the first-ever dig on
Harrison's former homestead —— about 15 acres in size, according to
an 1896 survey map. Mallios said the property's current owners,
Jamey and Hannah Kirby, were happy to host an excavation. They
built a shower and latrine for the students to use while they
camped on the side of the mountain.
One thing the diggers discovered is that Harrison had a
fascination with keeping time, Mallios said. They found three clock
gears, a clock back and a fob and chain for a pocket watch.
Harrison is often seen with a pocket watch in old photographs.
Why would an isolated man on a mountain care about time?
Mallios said the fascination was nationwide. By the late 1800s,
railroads had revolutionized transportation in the United States ——
and Americans saw the standardization of time zones.
For graduate student Sarah Stroud, the timepieces were very
exciting finds. The students found the wooden mouthpiece for a
tobacco pipe, too, which also appears in those old photographs.
"These are all very personal possessions that he would have
used, treasured," Stroud said.
The students also found remains of Harrison's house, including
parts of stone footings and a wooden shake-shingle roof.
Stroud said her favorite find is a piece of pencil lead. She
immediately wondered if it belonged to Harrison, which could be a
clue to his literacy.
For a black man who already defied the odds —— finding freedom
and integrating into a new community —— the ability to write would
be a major feat.


text: The accolade elm is a hybrid of the species Ulmus japonica and Ulmus wilsoniana. The hybrid was introduced to take place of the American elm, whose population saw a huge decline with the introduction of Dutch elm disease. The species branching mimics the graceful arches found in the American elm. The species' leaves are elliptical in shape and are between 2-4 inches; they are arranged alternately and have pinnate venation. The leaves have serrated edges and are forest green color. The fruit is brown, dry and oval.


text:
|June 3, 2003|
Embargoed: 11:30 AM (AEST)
Rural, Regional and Community trends shown in latest national snapshot
Australian Social Trends, 2003, released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provides new insights into the complex nature of our changing society.
The analysis is based on the most recent ABS data, as well as data from other sources. Among many different topics, the publication examines the slower population growth in rural and remote areas and the extent to which this is influenced by young people migrating to the cities looking for educational and work opportunities. The report also notes the increased number of lone parents and couples living without children, while the number of couples with children has remained relatively stable since 1986.
Rural and regional themes
Families and communities themes
- Between 1991 and 2001, the fastest population growth was in major cities (13%) and in inner regional areas (14%), while the growth in more remote areas was less than 5%.
- Between 1986 and 2001, farming families decreased by 22%, from 145,000 to 112,800.
- Young people are one of the most mobile groups in the population. In the five years to August 2001, half of all people aged 15-24 years moved residence. Almost three times as many young people left country areas than arrived in these areas (226 net departures per 1,000 young people). Nearly two thirds of the net outflow of these young people was to capital cities.
- School completion rates and attendance at secondary school declined with increasing remoteness. In major cities, 82% of males aged 16 years, and 87% of females aged 16 years were attending a secondary school, while only 38% of males, and 45% of females in this age group in very remote areas were attending a secondary school.
- In 2001, 93,000 people lived in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities across Australia, with most of these communities having access to essential services. However, of the larger remote communities, 68% had bore water as the main source of drinking water, 85% had experienced electricity interruptions, and 49% had experienced sewage system faults in the previous year.
More detail from the articles which appear in Australian Social Trends, 2003 (cat. no. 4102.0) is available in the "Australia Now" section on this site.
ATTENTION: Feature Editors, Program Producers
- While couple families with children remain the most common type of family in Australia, between 1986 and 2001, one-parent families increased by 53%, while couple families with children increased by only 3%.
- In 1999, just over half (53%) of all families with young children and at least one parent employed used some form of flexible working arrangement, such as flexible working hours or permanent part-time work, to care for children. In 1999, one-parent families where the parent was employed were the most likely to make use of formal child care.
- In the past two decades, average working hours of full-time workers increased from 42 hours per week in 1982 to 44 hours per week in 2002. This largely reflects an increase in the proportion of full-time workers working between 50 and 59 hours per week - up from 10% in 1982 to 16% in 2002.
- In 2001–02 there were 30,500 substantiated reports of child neglect or abuse made to state or territory community service departments.
- Between 1989–90 and 2001, the proportion of Australian adults who smoked declined. At the same time, adults increased the amount of deliberate exercise they undertook. However, despite the rise in deliberate physical activity, the adult population on average became more overweight or obese. In 2001, 24% of the adult population were current smokers, 32% were physically inactive, and 46% were overweight or obese.
- Between 1991 and 2001, higher density dwellings increased by 37%, compared with an 18% increase in separate houses.
- In 2001, young adults aged 15-24 years experienced the highest levels of crime victimisation across a range of offence categories, including homicide, assault, sexual assault and robbery. Older Australians aged 65 years and over experienced the lowest. However, older people are more likely than young people to report feeling unsafe in a variety of situations.
AUSTRALIAN SOCIAL TRENDS PRESENTS MANY TOPICAL STORIES CONTAINING NEW ANALYSIS
POPULATION (pp 1-25)
Population characteristics and remoteness* (pp 7-11)
FAMILY AND COMMUNITY (pp 27-59)
Ancestry of Australia's population (pp 12-16)
People in institutional settings (pp 17-21)
Youth migration within Australia (pp 22-25)
Changing families (pp 35-39)
HEALTH (pp 61-82)
Balancing family and work (pp 40-44)
Farming families* (pp 45-49)
Child protection (pp 50-54)
Services in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities (pp 55-59)
Medical practitioners (pp 69-73)
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (pp 83-109)
Health risk factors among adults (pp 74-78)
Injuries (pp 79-82)
Regional differences in education and outcomes (pp 91-95)
WORK (pp 111- 143)
Pathways from school to work (pp 96-100)
School teachers (pp 101-104)
Work-related training (pp 105-109)
Longer working hours (pp 119-123)
ECONOMIC RESOURCES (pp 146-164)
Geographic distribution of unemployment* (pp 124-128)
Underutilised labour (pp 129-133)
Changes in labour force participation across generations (pp 134-138)
Multiple spells of looking for work (pp 139-143)
The geography of income distribution* (pp 153-157)
HOUSING (pp 165-184)
Taxes and government benefits: the effect on household income (pp 158-161)
Community services sector (pp 162-164)
First home buyers* (pp 171-174)
FEATURES (pp 185-197)
Changes in Australian housing (pp 175-179)
Home ownership across Australia* (pp 180-184)
Crime victimisation and feelings of safety (pp 187-189)
Children's out-of-school activities (pp 190-193)
Household use of computers and the Internet (pp 194-197)
(* contains some State/Territory comparison)
This page last updated 8 December 2006


text:
|— Barrio —|
|ARA Uruguay, recycled warehouses made into elegant houses and businesses, the Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve and the Puente de la Mujer.|
|Autonomous City||Buenos Aires|
|• Total||2.1 km2 (0.8 sq mi)|
|• Density||3,200/km2 ( 8,200/sq mi)|
|Time zone||ART (UTC-3)|
Puerto Madero, also known within the urban planning community as the Puerto Madero Waterfront, is a barrio (district) of the Argentine capital at Buenos Aires CBD, occupying a significant portion of the Río de la Plata riverbank and representing the latest architectural trends in the city of Buenos Aires.
19th century
From its inception, the city of Buenos Aires had a problem accommodating large cargo ships because the shallow river did not allow for direct docking. Instead ships were moored away from the shore and passengers and merchandise were unloaded onto barges and ferries for transport to the pier.
In 1882 the national government contracted the local businessman Eduardo Madero to take charge of the construction of a new port which would solve these problems. Madero's project, designed by British engineer Sir John Hawkshaw, was chosen from among numerous others.
Construction began in 1887 and was completed in 1897, although the installed fittings had been partially operative some years before completion of the port. It was a costly project and although an engineering landmark at the time, ten years after its completion the appearance of larger cargo ships made Puerto Madero obsolete.
The government had to then face the construction of a new port, this time contracting engineer Luis Huergo, whose plans for a port of staggered docks which would open directly onto the river was among those rejected in the 1880s. His plans resulted in the "Puerto Nuevo" (New Port), still operating today, whose first section opened in 1911.
20th century: from neglect to recovery
The New Port of Buenos Aires was completed in 1926, making the existing Madero docks superfluous. Though these continued to serve in ancillary port functions, the zone gradually decayed, becoming one of the city's most degraded areas, a mixture of warehouses and large tracts of undeveloped land. In 1925, 1940, 1960, 1969, 1971, 1981 and 1985, successive proposals were put forth with the intent of urbanizing the old port, or to demolish it outright; none of these plans came to fruition, however.
On November 15, 1989, the Ministry of Works and Public Services, the Department of the Interior and the City of Buenos Aires signed the acts of incorporation of a joint-stock company denominated "Corporación Antiguo Puerto Madero" ("Old Puerto Madero Corporation"). Having as objective the urbanization of the area, the federal and city governments participated as egalitarian partners.
The 170 hectares of the place had overlapping jurisdictions: the General Administration of Ports, Argentine railroads and the "Junta Nacional de Granos" (National Grain Meeting) had interests in the zone. The signed agreement implied the transference of the totality of the area to the Old Puerto Madero Corporation S.A., whereas the government of the city remained in charge of the urban development regulations.
21st century
In the 1990s, local and foreign investment led to a massive regeneration effort, recycling and refurbishing the west side warehouses into elegant houses, offices, lofts, private universities, luxurious hotels and restaurants that conform to a gallery of options for this new district in a city that grew up turning its back to the river. Led by the 1999 opening of the Buenos Aires Hilton, luxurious hotels, state-of-the-art multiplex cinemas, theatres, cultural centres, and office and corporate buildings are located mostly in the east side
Puerto Madero has been redeveloped with international flair, drawing interest from renown architects such as Santiago Calatrava, Norman Foster, César Pelli and Philippe Starck, among others. Today one of the trendiest boroughs in Buenos Aires, it has become the preferred address for growing numbers of young professionals and retirees, alike. Increasing property prices have also generated interest in the area as a destination for foreign buyers, particularly those in the market for premium investment properties.
The neighborhood's road network has been entirely rebuilt, especially in the east side. The layout of the east side consists currently of three wide boulevards running east-west crossed by the east side's main street, Juana Manso Avenue. The layout is completed with some other avenues and minor streets, running both east-west and north-south, and by several pedestrianised streets.
Every street in Puerto Madero is named after women. The Puente de la Mujer (Women's Bridge), by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, is the newest link between the east and west docks of Puerto Madero; a museum inaugurated in 2008, the Fortabat Art Collection, itself resulted from an initiative by Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat (the wealthiest woman in Argentina).
Puerto Madero currently represents the largest urban renewal project in the city of Buenos Aires. Having undergone an impressive revival in merely a decade, it is one of the most successful recent waterfront renewal projects in the world.
At Puerto Madero Dock 2 (between Azucena Villaflor and Rosario Vera Peñaloza - teacher and La Rioja educator) buildings belonging to the Universidad Católica Argentina stand successively to the west, and the Faena Hotel + Universe (first hotel designed by Philip Starck in South America) is located to the east of Dock 2. Located on the corner of Aimé Painé (Mapuche Princess and indigenous rights activist) and Rosario Vera Peñaloza, the modern Iglesia Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza was inaugurated in 1996 and is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, who under the title of Stella Maris, or "Star of the Sea", is the patron saint of the Argentine Coast Guard. The docks aligned with Dique 2, between 1400 and 1500 of Avenida Moreau de Justo, are mostly occupied by various apartment buildings and offices of the Universidad Católica Argentina and its Pabellón de las Artes (Arts Pavilion), a space for art showings with access from the pedestrian side of the dock. Here, there are some bars and coffee shops.
New high-rise construction
Numerous new residential high-rises of up to 50 stories have been built facing the Rio de la Plata since 2000. These include El Mirador of Puerto Madero Towers, Renoir Towers, El Faro Towers, Chateau Tower of Puerto Madero and Mulieris Towers amongst others. Many other high-rises that have recently[when?] been inaugurated include the Le Parc Tower and Hilton and River View Towers. Office and hotel high-rises are also being built such as the Repsol YPF Headquarters and the Conrad Buenos Aires Hotel & Resort, whose construction is slated to begin at the end of 2008 and completion scheduled for late 2010.
Additionally a St. Regis Starwood Hotel is being built in the first dique, where the famous nightclub Opera Bay was formerly located, and is scheduled to open in 2013. A large Jumeirah Polo resort will also feature a hotel in Puerto Madero, working conjointly with polo fields outside Buenos Aires.
The 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) Tranvía del Este, inaugurated in 2007, serves the area running parallel to Alicia Moreau de Justo Avenue, along the barrio's western side; however, the neighborhood is still not well-connected to the city's transit network. Few bus routes run through Puerto Madero, no subway line reaches it and there are currently no official plans to extend the subway network to the neighborhood despite planned further extensions of the tramway slated to link the Retiro and Constitución train stations.
Expressway controversy
An expressway connecting the north and the south of the city through Puerto Madero has long been in the planning stage. Several alternatives have been considered, including elevated, groundlevel, underground, and even an underwater proposal by private developer Julio Torcello, which would have run under the four docks this last proposal was dismissed as impossible to build. All proposals have been criticised: the elevated and ground level options because they would constitute a barrier between Puerto Madero and the rest of the city, and the underground scheme because of the cost and the negative impact during construction. Placing the expressway between Puerto Madero and the Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve has also been considered, but has been strongly opposed by environmentalists.[who?]
Visual index to buildings, monuments, and attractions
Puerto Madero from Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve
- "The emblems of the 48 barrios of Buenos Aires were presented" (Spanish) by ámbito.com August 29, 2011
- Ann Breen and Dick Rigby, The New Waterfront: A Worldwide Urban Success Story – McGraw-Hill Professional
- Conrad Buenos Aires to debut in popular Puerto Madero area
- Rossi, Antonio (2007). "Proyectan Tranvía de Retiro a Constitución". La Nación. Retrieved 2007-07-13. (Spanish)
- Baccaro, Diana / Brunstein, Carolina (1999). "Polémica por la futura autopista ribereña". Clarín. Retrieved 2008-01-08. (Spanish)
- "Estudian


text:
- RODEO (7) (remove)
- Manipulating Deformable Linear Objects: Characteristics in Force Signals for Detecting Contact State Transitions (2001)
- This paper deals with the handling of deformable linear objects (DLOs), such as hoses, wires or leaf springs. It investigates the a priori knowledge about the 6-dimensional force/torque signal for a changing contact situation between a DLO and a rigid polyhedral obstacle. The result is a complete list, containing for each contact change the most significant combination of force/torque signal components together with a description of the expected signal curve. This knowledge enables the reliable detection of changes in the DLO contact situation and with it the implementation of sensor-based manipulation skills for all possible contact changes.
- Manipulating Deformable Linear Objects: Attachable Adjustment-Motions for Vibration Reduction (2001)
- This paper addresses the problem of handling deformable linear objects (DLOs) in a suitable way to avoid acute vibration. Different types of adjustment-motions that eliminate vibration of deformable objects and can be attached to the end of an arbitrary end-effector trajectory are presented. For describing the dynamics of deformable linear objects, the finite element method is used to derive the dynamic differential equations. Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal adjustment motion for each simulation example. Experiments are conducted to verify the presented manipulating method.
- Trajectory Planning in joint space for flexible robots with kinematics redundancy (2001)
- The paper focuses on the problem of trajectory planning of flexible redundant robot manipulators (FRM) in joint space. Compared to irredundant flexible manipulators, FRMs present additional possibilities in trajectory planning due to their kinematics redundancy. A trajectory planning method to minimize vibration of FRMs is presented based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Kinematics redundancy is integrated into the presented method as a planning variable. Quadrinomial and quintic polynomials are used to describe the segments which connect the initial, intermediate, and final points in joint space. The trajectory planning of FRMs is formulated as a problem of optimization with constraints. A planar FRM with three flexible links is used in simulation. A case study shows that the method is applicable.
- Point-to-Point Trajectory Planning of Flexible Redundant Robot Manipulators Using Genetic Algorithms (2001)
- The paper focuses on the problem of point-to-point trajectory planning for flexible redundant robot manipulators (FRM) in joint space. Compared with irredundant flexible manipulators, a FRM possesses additional possibilities during point-to-point trajectory planning due to its kinematics redundancy. A trajectory planning method to minimize vibration and/or executing time of a point-to-point motion is presented for FRM based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Kinematics redundancy is integrated into the presented method as planning variables. Quadrinomial and quintic polynomial are used to describe the segments that connect the initial, intermediate, and final points in joint space. The trajectory planning of FRM is formulated as a problem of optimization with constraints. A planar FRM with three flexible links is used in simulation. Case studies show that the method is applicable.
- Handhabung deformierbarer linearer Objekte: Programmierung mit verschiedenen Manipulation-Skills (2002)
- Diese Arbeit beschreibt verschiedene Bewegungsprimitive zur Lösung einiger häufig auftre-tender Probleme bei der Handhabung von deformierbaren linearen Objekten. Anhand der beispielhaften Montage einer Feder wird die Nützlichkeit der verschiedenen Manipulation-Skills im einzelnen, aber auch deren Kombination dargestellt.
- Manipulating Deformable Linear Objects: Manipulation Skill for Active Damping of Oscillations (2002)
- While handling deformable linear objects (DLOs), such as hoses, wires or leaf springs, with an industrial robot at high speed, unintended and undesired oscillations that delay further operations may occur. This paper analyzes oscillations based on a simple model with one degree of freedom (DOF) and presents a method for active open-loop damping. Different ways to interpret an oscillating DLO as a system with 1 DOF lead to translational and rotational adjustment motions. Both were implemented as a manipulation skill with a sepa-rate program that can be executed immediately after any robot motion. We showed how these manipulation skills can generate the needed adjustment motions automatically based on the readings of a wrist-mounted force/torque sensor. Experiments demonstrated the effectiveness under various conditions.
- Manipulating Deformable Linear Objects: Programming using Different Manipulation Skills (2003)
- This paper describes motion primitives which solve some common recurrent problems encountered when manipulating deformable linear objects. As one example for the usefulness of these manipulations skills, the mounting of a leaf spring is presented here.


Exercise - List connections in a tenant
In this exercise, you will connect to Power Apps and Power Automate PowerShell cmdlets to list all connections that are in your tenant. You can use this information to determine which users are making connections through different connectors.
 1. Launch Windows PowerShell and select Run as Administrator.
 Run as Administrator
 2. Import the required modules by using the following commands:
 Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerApps.Administration.PowerShell
 Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerApps.PowerShell-AllowClobber
 3. If you are prompted to accept the change to the InstallationPolicy value of the repository, accept this change for all modules by entering A and then pressing Enter for each module.
 4. List all connections by using the Get-AdminPowerAppConnection command.
 5. At this point, you should be prompted for credentials. Enter your credentials while accounting for the prerequisites that were discussed at the beginning of this module.
 6. After you have entered your credentials, the cmdlet will run and all of the connections will be returned. Data that is returned includes the name of the connector, who created the connection, the environment, and its current status.
 Returned data


Luxurious Eco-Tourism in Bolivian Amazon is Saving Rainforest and Supporting Indigenous Community
Sara Shahriari
The rainforest is alive, from the humid, black earth underfoot to the peaks of the tallest trees. Leaf-cutter ants scurry along narrow dirt paths, squirrel monkeys jump from branch to branch, and high above, toucans pipe their haunting note amongst the treetops. It's a dense, green world where the fast-forward struggle for survival dominates everything. Plants strategize to beat out their neighbors for minutes of precious sun, caymans lurk in shallow waters stalking their next meal, and everything that dies decays in the blink of an eye, circling back into the life-cycle of this extraordinary ecosystem.
Bolivia is home to large stretches of Amazon rainforest and more than a dozen national parks. One of the most diverse is Madidi National Park and Natural Integrated Management Area—a tract nearly as big as the state of New Jersey—that descends from high mountain peaks to the Amazon basin. The park, which is threatened by illegal logging, agriculture and plans for a hydroelectric damn, has found what many hope is a sustainable future in environmentally-conscious tourism. The most famous example of eco-tourism in Madidi is Chalalan, a business run by the indigenous Quechua Tacana people, whose territory stretches over part of the park. Chalalan employs people from the community, and it also provides much-needed money for projects in the Quechua Tacana town of San Jose de Uchupiamonas (San Jose), which is upstream from the lodge.
"Everything has to interrelate with what the community wants and its culture," says Yhovani Valdez Cuqui, a guide, of the relationship between San Jose and Chalalan. He explains that the lodge helps the community maintain its culture and its historic practices because caring for the rainforest is now a top priority and offers a viable future. "Chalalan lets us go into the past, retrieve things and bring them back to use in the present."
Guarding the Land
People in San Jose began to think of eco-tourism as an alternative to the growing logging industry in the early '90s, as more and more visitors came to the area's closest major town, Rurrenabaque. Finding funding for a community project in the middle of the rainforest was not an easy task, but in 1995 San Jose partnered with the NGO Conservation International. With more than $1 million in funds from the Inter-American Development Bank, work began on an eco-lodge that has its own water and sewage treatment systems. According to Conservation International, residents of San Jose who wanted to be part of Chalalan worked a minimum of 20 days building it.
San Jose is several miles upstream from Chalalan, but both sit on a tract of land within Madidi that is called an Original Communal Territory, or by its Spanish acronym, a TCO. TCOs are collective land titles granted by the Bolivian government to indigenous communities to ensure they have legal rights to their ancestral lands. The people of San Jose are a mix of highland Quechua Indians who moved into the area hundreds of years ago and Tacana Indians who have historically inhabited several lowland regions. Today it's a town of around 650 permanent residents, plus many more who live outside the community.
For an isolated group whose members spoke Quechua and Spanish, the decision to host international tourists meant many adjustments. "Most people didn't really know what eco-tourism was," recalls Valdez Cuqui. Everything about the project—including what the lodge's mostly international visitors like to eat, what they want to do, and what languages they speak—was a journey into foreign cultures for the people of San Jose. In addition, people from the community needed to learn accounting and business administration so that Conservation International and the Inter-American Development Bank could transfer management to them. That happened in 2002.
A stay at Chalalan is expensive compared to many other tours offered in Rurrenebaque, but its mission is also different. Half the profits from Chalalan are invested in San Jose according to the wishes of the whole town, helping to sustain a middle school, healthcare, and a water supply system, resources that small, isolated communities in Bolivia often lack. The lodge also provides jobs to dozens of community members each year.
Guarding the Deep Green Sea
Seen from above, the vast, rolling green expanse of treetops that surrounds Chalalan is like the open sea. Beneath that thick green canopy small dappled patches of sunlight reach the rainforest floor, and to the inexperienced mind the dense, humid world is filled with confusing sounds and strange movements. But the guides from Chalalan turn every birdcall and rustle in the undergrowth into something tangible and extraordinary.
"The Amazon always has this mystic air surrounding it, but to be there, in one of the best-preserved parks in the Amazon, with all the trees and the smells and the birds and the monkeys, was almost like going into a dream," says Emma Donlan, who works in Bolivia and visited Chalalan with her family. "The cabins are beautiful, there are white linens on the bed—it's in a different league than a lot of the other tourism I've done in Bolivia, which is geared toward backpackers. To me it was unprecedented."
Chalalan is home to a multitude of squirrel monkeys, little golden-furred animals that travel in large groups searching for fruits, bugs and flowers. Mothers cart babies on their backs through the treetops and large packs comb the forest floor for food. They often travel with larger Capuchin monkeys, who move higher in the trees and bring some sense of security to their tiny relations.
Of course there are many things in the rainforest visitors may consider less adorable than a squirrel monkey. Night walks with guides reveal plump velvet-black tarantulas, snakes like vines with glowing eyes hanging from tree branches and whip spiders, large spiders with scorpion-like front claws. The lakes and streams are another marvel, where caymans, large frogs and sleeping fish are easily revealed in a flashlight's beam.
Even the trees in Chalalan fascinate. From the ceiba tree (which grows menacing, inch-long spikes from its trunk) to the Palo Santo (swarming with fire ants), every living thing has survival strategies and complex relationships with its neighbors.
Guarding the Future
Chalalan is part of the strategy the people of San Jose have developed to keep both the rainforest and their community intact. One might think that an influx of outsiders threatens the Quechua-Tacana culture, which was already in danger due to migration because of the lack of educational and economic opportunities in the area. But Valdez Cuqui says that instead interest in their almost extinct Tacana language has been revived, and the economic opportunities Chalalan affords have brought people back to San Jose.
"A lot of people thought Chalalan would be a good way to better their lives and the lives of their children," says Cuqui. "For example, I didn't make Chalalan, I'm the son of someone who did, and someday I'd like to have a son who is a guide. I want Chalalan to be a foundation of our community for many years to come."
Bring light, long-sleeved shirts to protect your skin from mosquitos on long walks. Also, nights are chilly at Chalalan at certain times of year. Consider taking a good pair of binoculars to fully appreciate the many species of birds in Madidi National Park. Leave extra time for travel to and from Rurrenebaque. Flight schedules are notoriously unreliable and overland travel can be rough.
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text:
The first question I ask my clients when they meet with me online, in person or by phone for their appointment is "What are your daily habits?"
The average client cannot answer this question.
Can you answer that question with accurate detail?
Do you remember exactly what you ate for the past week, how many hours you slept, what herbs or remedies you consumed exactly and how much exercise you got?
Most people will not be able to remember these things in detail but they are key to unraveling the reasons behind why you are feeling ill and essential to finding your path to better health and well-being.
Keeping a chart like this (download our free chart below) cuts down on consulting time with your health care professional and can provide them with much more accurate data than they can usually gain in an appointment. Having accurate data means:
- You need fewer appointments to solve your problem
- You pay for fewer consulting or appointments
- You save time
- You avoid potentially harmful contraindications in treatment
- You receive more personalized treatment options
- You can often solve problems without assistance
In fact, many clients have reported that once they started keeping a daily chart they were able to solve many of these "mysteries" on their own – without outside help.
Clients have reported being able to accurately pinpoint their allergies, food and environmental sensitivities, their ideal diet, ideal sleep times and hours, and even answer questions for themselves like: "Why does my stomach hurt?" or "Why do I often get headaches?"
With all these benefits you might assume that keeping daily data will take a large commitment on your part. You may have even tried out one of those health-bands or apps that help you track your daily data. But many people report that their bands and apps are too "expensive","high maintenance", "too confusing" or "provide too much data".
Keeping a simple chart takes only 5-10 minutes a day and is actually more effective and useful.
How? The secret is:
- Know what to put on the chart
- Keep chart descriptions detailed so your daily record keeping is reduced
- Keep printable charts ready or keep one on your smartphone or tablet
- Keep the chart in a location that is easy to access
- Keep filling in the chart even if you miss a day
- Keeping the data simple allows it to stay manageable and easy to interpret
- If additional data is needed after initial analysis you can personalize your chart
- Does not require batteries, expensive wristbands, a smart phone or an app
To get you started I am going to share with you the chart that I give to my clients – for free! The dietary information can be adapted to your needs. You can download the PDF or the editable document below…Health Record Chart
Health Record Chart EDITABLE


Most Colorful Trippy Dippy Places in the World!
Sedona, Arizona (above) is certainly colorful, but there are places in the world that are so colorful that if you don't have a camera with you, you may weep.
Russian abandoned salt mine
Russia has an abandoned salt mine that is very psychedelic!
Blue Canyon, Death Valley
Death Valley may look barren and very rocky and dead, but the geology in the area shows some extraordinary colors.
Coyote Buttes, Utah
Grand Prismatic Spring, Wyoming
This is the largest hot spring in the US and third largest in the world. It contains the colors of the rainbow. Pigmented archae along the edges of the mineral-rich water create a color prism.
YuanYang Terraces, China
These man-made rice terraces are flooded with water, change colors depending on the season and growing.
Antelope Canyon, Arizona
The Navajo name for this canyon is place where water runs through rock.
Dallol, Ethiopia
Potash, sylvite and salt mining was done here on large scale.
Lake Retba, Senegal
The high salt content in this lake attracts a saline algae that turns the water pink.
Fly Geyser, Nevada
This geothermal geyser. It is partly natural and partly not so, as some attempted well drilling created a situation combined with geothermal to create this colorful and interesting place.
Zhangye Danxia Landform - China
Sandstone and minerals combined for 24,000,000 years to create this amazing scenic and colorful place.
What makes these places so colorful and unusual? Some are artificial, like the terraces in China or the salt mines that were dug in Russia. Others have minerals, geothermal, and geologic oddities to give them life.
These are surely out of this world places worth visiting and please, don't forget the camera!


any case).
You can control how an application reacts to a parameter modification by subscribing RoleEnvironment.Changing event, if you want to restart the whole role when a parameter change you can simply set Cancel=true inside Changing event:
RoleEnvironment.Changing += (s, e) =>
e.Cancel = true;
in this case, when application's.cscfg file content change, the role is shut down then restarted so that new parameters can be properly reloaded. If you don't want to restart the role but handle modifications yourself you can handle Changes parameter passed to RoleEnvironment.Changing event.
How can you test this logic when your app runs inside Azure local compute emulator? here are basic step:
 - Run you app locally and read what is current development id by opening compute emulator UI and reading what between parenthesis (2103 in following example) following deploymentXX label:
 - Run Windows Azure Command Prompt and navigate to the folder that contains your configuration file ServiceConfiguration.cscfg and run this command:
 csrun /update:[id];ServiceConfiguration.cscfg
And you'll see your role reacting to configuration change appropriately.
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author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ venerdì 20 aprile 2012 15.28 | Feedback (1)
Copying and moving styles using Expression Blend for HTML
Here's a couple of Blend tricks I'd like to share:
Let's say you have this HTML fragment:
 Content goes here
by looking at Blend's css properties pane you can see that, it has some css rules automatically applied:
you can copy the applied rule and paste it into another stylesheet by right clicking the highlighted row into selecting copy:
Now go to the Styles pane and click the "+" button shown in the picture below to add a new stylesheet:
then right click new file and select paste from context menu to paste the selector.
If you already have the same selector inside target file the properties will be merged (you'll see Paste properties instead of Paste menu) of course you can also right click the selector inside source file and copy/paste from there but in this case you will copy all selectors not just applied one.
Let's now suppose you change h1's background color:
this results in this inline style:
 Content goes here
how do I move the inline style to h1's selector inside my test.css? select Inline Style on Blend's pane and select Copy from context menu:
then select target stylesheet, target rule (if any), right click and then Paste properties from context menu:
to have properties added to selected file or rule.
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author: Corrado Cavalli | posted @ lunedì 16 aprile 2012 7.57 | Feedback (0)
Fragment loading and Navigation in HTML5 Metro applications
Navigation is one of the core concepts of any Metro application, in this post I'll show how can you implement it in a HTML based Metro application.
The easiest way is to use the same common approach used by millions of HTML pages: using an hyperlink.
Assuming you are in default.html page and wish to navigate to page2.html all you need to do is add something like:
 1:
 2:
 3:
 4:
 5: DemoNavigation
 7:
 8:
 9:
 12:
 13:
 14:
 15:
 16:
 17: Click here to navigate to Page 2
 18:
 19:
When you run the app and click the hyperlink you move straight to page2.html.
This is approach is quite common, works fine (of course) but has a main drawback: you loose state when you move from default.html to page2.html, so if you need to maintain state, something that's quite common in client application Smile, you're on your own.
The problem is the same in web application that's why technologies like ajax or single page applications are gaining more and more momentum.
Let's now briefly see how you can embed an HTML fragment into default.html using WinJS's HtmlControl, here's the html you need to add to default.html page:
 1:
 2:
 3: This is a html fragment
 4:
 1:
 2: This is main page
 3:
 5:
Launching the app you'll see exactly what expected but with some limitations:
the fragment can't reference any css nor javascript file, and you are not informed when the fragment is loaded, luckily there's a way to get some javascript code executed when fragment is loaded into the DOM: WinJS.Pages.define.
Let's assume we wish to dynamically change the text of the fragment after it has been loaded so let's add a new pagedefine.js file (just for better understanding and separation) to our solution:
 1: ///
 3: (function () {
 4: 'use strict';
 6: WinJS.UI.Pages.define("../fragments/pageFragment.html",
 7: {
 8: ready:function(element,options)
 9: {
 10: var text = document.getElementById("txt");
 11: text.innerText = new Date().toLocaleString();
 12: }
 13: });
 16: }());
 1:
 5:
The define method available on Pages object accept the uri that uniquely identifies the page that is going to be loaded and an object exposing a set of properties, among these, ready is the function that will be called when page has been loaded into DOM, then the code just changes element content with current date:
we're now in a state where we can load a HTML fragment and run some code after it has been loades, before going further I need to point out that HmlControl can only load local html, if you need to load external content iFrame is your friend.
Problem now is: what if I need to load the fragment programmatically? (e.g. on a button click), let's remove HtmlControl from default.html and let's inject the fragment with a little help from WinJS:
 1:
 2:
 3:
 4:
 5: DemoNavigation
 7:
 13:
 14:
 15:
 16:
 17:
 19: Load fragment
 20:
 21:
 22:
 1: //default.js
 2: (function () {
 3: "use strict";
 4: var app = WinJS.Application;
 5: app.onactivated = function (eventObject) {
 6: if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) {
 7: if (eventObject.detail.previousExecutionState!== Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ApplicationExecutionState.terminated) {
 8: // TODO: This application has been newly launched. Initialize
 9: // your application here.
 10: } else {
 11: // TODO: This application has been reactivated from suspension.
 12: // Restore application state here.
 13: }
 14: WinJS.UI.processAll().then(function (e) {
 15: "btnLoad").listen("click", function (e) {
 16: //Load fragment
 17: var"contentHost")[0];
 18: WinJS.UI.Pages.render("../fragments/pageFragment.html", host, { data: 'data2share' });


I'm stuck at array's question
Answer the following question regarding an array called dArray (for part a,b,c).
(a) Declare a two-dimensional array named darray of 6 rows and 8 columns of type double.
(b) Initialize the array darray to 0.0. (using loop).
(c) Print the array darray in one column per line.
Hi there,
Forum Rules wrote:
Don't post homework questions
Please give more specifics about what it is you don't get.
Additionally, you can find more information on arrays here: _URL_
All the best,
Last edited on
Topic archived. No new replies allowed.


Les Halles
Les Halles is a suburb in. Les Halles is situated nearby to.
Notable Places in the Area
Arts centre
The Centre Pompidou, also known as the Pompidou Centre in English, is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of the, near, rue Montorgueil, and the Marais. Photo: Zairon, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Railway station
is a major train hub in and one of the largest underground stations in the world. Photo: Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 2.5.
The Musée d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the of the. is situated 1½ km west of Les Halles. Photo: DXR, CC BY-SA 3.0.
de Paris, referred to simply as, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the in the. Photo: P e z i, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Localities in the Area
Photo: Mbzt, CC BY-SA 3.0.
is a neighbourhood in the which has been known historically as a multicultural textile and garment manufacturing district.
The of Paris is one of the financial centres of Europe, being home to the Bourse and thus the CAC 40 index you hear about in world financial news. Photo: Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0.
Les Halles
Let's improve OpenStreetMap together.
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In the Area
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without borders
Escape to a Random Place


SAP Knowledge Base Article - Public
_PHONE_ - SAC number out of range error message even when correcting the amount in SAP Analytics Cloud (SAC) - 2020.14.21
In a story table, when entering a value with more than 7 decimal places the system throws an error message:
"The number you are entering is out of range"
The problem is that when the user now enters a correct value (with less than 7 decimal places) still the error message is displayed. The user has no chance then to revert back the planning figures.
 - SAP Analytics Cloud (Enterprise) 2020.14.21
Reproducing the Issue
 1. Open your story table
 2. Enter a value with more than 7 decimal
 3. Get the error message
 4. Enter a correct amount
 5. Still the error message is displayed.
This is a product defect.
This fix is delivered in 2020.21.
 1. Enter a value with more than 7 decimal, you will get the error message
 2. Enter a correct amount still the error message is displayed
 3. Change the cell and enter a valid value you can retype the same amount add just 0 at the end of the decimal part
 4. Go back to the cell of step 3. and enter your correct value, the error will not appear.
See Also
Your feedback is important to help us improve our knowledge base.
SAP Analytics Cloud 1.0


text:
In her sculpture work, Anne Mondro has designed a metaphor for the close-knit relationships between medical patients and their caregivers. The artist practices a crochet hook and tinned copper wire to create realistic 3D models of the heart, depicting the human pulse—both literal and physical—within the healthcare system.
Over the ensuing years, Mondro has seen many tender relationships between the memory loss patients and their caregivers, and she tells,
"When you care for a loved one, the two of you become intertwined. You take on their vulnerabilities but also their strengths. As I thought about that relationship, it was important that these forms be tied together somehow."
The project's influence dates back to 2006 when Monroe first developed a course named Retaining Identity as a professor at the University of Michigan's Stamps School of Art and Design. The class matched students with persons with dementia via the U-M Geriatric Center, encouraging the artists to recognize the ways that creativity might provide an empowering, enlivening balm during times of illness.


text: Departing from Schneider and Barron (2008), representing the emerging field of Variational Pragmatics, this volume examines pragmatic variation focusing on methods utilized to collect and analyze data in a variety of first (L1) and second (L2) language contexts. The objectives are to: (1) examine variation in such areas of pragmatics as speech acts, conventional expressions, metapragmatics, stance, frames, mitigation, communicative action, (im)politeness, and implicature; and (2) critically review central methodological concerns relevant for research in pragmatic variation, such as coding, ethical issues, qualitative and quantitative methods, and individual variation. Theoretical frameworks vary from variationist and interactional sociolinguistics, to variational pragmatics. This collection contains eleven chapters by leading scholars, including two state-of-the art chapters on key methodological issues of pragmatic variation study. Given the theoretical perspectives, methodological focus, and analyses, the book will be of interest to those who study pragmatics, discourse analysis, second language acquisition, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, and language variation.


text:
In 2008, the authors published a review that highlighted an emerging trend for medical schools to change their names to those of wealthy donors. Since 2008, the names of ten benefactors have been added to the medical schools receiving their gifts. Twenty-three of the 141 U.S. medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education are currently named after donors. Large donations have the potential to positively affect all stakeholders by improving the resources that are available for research, teaching, and clinical care, but the rapid increase in the naming of medical schools after wealthy benefactors raises important concerns for those same stakeholders. In this perspective, the authors explore such concerns and identify mitigating strategies that institutions facing these issues in the future can use to ensure that the benefit associated with a gift outweighs any adverse impact. The authors argue for a strong presumption of impropriety when a donor possesses a conflict of interest with the potential to affect clinicians' judgment. They go on to assess how donors' control of funds may have an impact on institutional mission and research agenda, and analyze the right of an organization to remove a benefactor's name for alleged wrongdoing. The perspective considers how renaming may negatively affect brand recognition and the associated impact on students, residents, faculty, and alumni. Finally, it concludes with an analysis of taxpayer-funded organizations and the concern that educational renaming will lead to a slippery slope in which other public goods are effectively purchased by wealthy donors.
(C) 2014 by the Association of American Medical Colleges


text:
the computerized glucose management system. The computerized system achieved target concentrations in greater than 75% of all readings while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. The prevalence of hypoglycemia (BG < 70 mg/dL) with the use of the computer glucose management system was well under 1%.
Medicine, Issue 64, Physiology, Computerized glucose management, Endotool, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes, IV insulin, paper protocol, glucose control
Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
Institutions: University of Washington, Iowa State University, North Carolina A&T University, Iowa Geological and Water Survey.
Finding the cost-efficient (i.e.
, lowest-cost) ways of targeting conservation practice investments for the achievement of specific water quality goals across the landscape is of primary importance in watershed management. Traditional economics methods of finding the lowest-cost solution in the watershed context (e.g.
) assume that off-site impacts can be accurately described as a proportion of on-site pollution generated. Such approaches are unlikely to be representative of the actual pollution process in a watershed, where the impacts of polluting sources are often determined by complex biophysical processes. The use of modern physically-based, spatially distributed hydrologic simulation models allows for a greater degree of realism in terms of process representation but requires a development of a simulation-optimization framework where the model becomes an integral part of optimization.
Evolutionary algorithms appear to be a particularly useful optimization tool, able to deal with the combinatorial nature of a watershed simulation-optimization problem and allowing the use of the full water quality model. Evolutionary algorithms treat a particular spatial allocation of conservation practices in a watershed as a candidate solution and utilize sets (populations) of candidate solutions iteratively applying stochastic operators of selection, recombination, and mutation to find improvements with respect to the optimization objectives. The optimization objectives in this case are to minimize nonpoint-source pollution in the watershed, simultaneously minimizing the cost of conservation practices. A recent and expanding set of research is attempting to use similar methods and integrates water quality models with broadly defined evolutionary optimization methods3,4,9,10,13-15,17-19,22,23,25
. In this application, we demonstrate a program which follows Rabotyagov et al.'s approach and integrates a modern and commonly used SWAT water quality model7
with a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm SPEA226
, and user-specified set of conservation practices and their costs to search for the complete tradeoff frontiers between costs of conservation practices and user-specified water quality objectives. The frontiers quantify the tradeoffs faced by the watershed managers by presenting the full range of costs associated with various water quality improvement goals. The program allows for a selection of watershed configurations achieving specified water quality improvement goals and a production of maps of optimized placement of conservation practices.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 70, Plant Biology, Civil Engineering, Forest Sciences, Water quality, multiobjective optimization, evolutionary algorithms, cost efficiency, agriculture, development