text:
occurs commonly during recovery process, with studies showing relapse rates for
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in the range of 35-60%. Relapse is defined as returning to
a level of disordered eating after a period of full or partial remission from
those behaviors. In particular:
Studies indicate the highest risk for relapse is 6-7 months following partial symptom remission, and that if a full year can be reached relapse chances are reduced. Relapse may be often confused with less severe lapses or setbacks. But because it is impossible to tell the difference when such periods begin, it is vital for parents to be ready for immediate action if signs of a relapse appear.
Keywords: define Relapse, definition Relapse, definition of Relapse, meaning Relapse, dictionary Relapse, what is Relapse
If you came to the F.E.A.S.T. Eating Disorders Glossary from a page on the F.E.A.S.T site, click the "go back" button in your internet browser to return to that page; if not, we welcome you to visit the FEAST home page for a wealth of information on evidence-based treatment for eating disorders, support for parents and families, the latest eating disorders research, a forum for parents and caregivers, useful books, etc.


text:
In 1999 the average disposable income of Dutch households was nearly 23,500 euro. In terms of purchasing power this was 1.3% more than in the previous year, equalling the growth rate of purchasing power in the period _PHONE_. In 1998 it rose more strongly (2.8%), mainly because of a new form of tax relief for the over-65's.
Disposable household income by source of income
The improvement in purchasing power was largest for employee households. On average households who received their main income from wages had 2.5% more to spend in 1999 than in 1998. Some of these households received a social benefit or pension instead of wages in 1999. For households with income from wages in both 1998 and 1999, purchasing power rose more strongly, namely by 2.7%.
Annual change in purchasing power by source of income
In households which had to depend on a benefit in 1998, purchasing power rose by 1.6%. Naturally, it mainly increased for households who were no longer dependent on a social benefit in 1999. Purchasing power rose by less for households receiving a benefit in both years.
The increase in purchasing power for pensioners was on average 0.6%, about the same as in the preceding years, except 1998, when pensioners benefited from a tax deduction.
Hans de Kleijn

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Authors: Daniele Sasso
The gravitational theory is the most accredited theory for explaining black holes. In this paper we present a new interpretation based on the relativistic theory that explains black holes as a consequence of the relativistic speed of departure between the speed of celestial system and the speed of both light and quantum rays at very high energy, calculated with respect to the observer.
Comments: 5 Pages.
[v1] 2012-01-03 10:39:44
Unique-IP document downloads: 51 times
Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.


Simple logging with Winston and Universe
Wigos brings together Universe and winston to make project logging a snap.
In other words: Winston Goes to Outer Space!
Basic usage is as follows:
var wigos = require('wigos');
var log = wigos('access');
log.info('GET /foobar');
The logger returned is a regular winston logger. Wigos keeps track of loggers by name, returning the same object every time, and centrally manages transports on all loggers.
By default, logging is enabled to the console with level info, and to files in the project's log directory with level verbose. Log files are given the.log extension.
The default transports can be toggled on-the-fly:
Custom transports can also be added or removed from all loggers:
wigos.addTransport(MyTransport, { level: 'info' });
Note that addTransport doesn't take transport instances, only constructor functions, unlike winston's Logger#add. This is because an instance needs to be created for every wigos logger.
Rather than an options hash, you may also provide a function. The function takes as its only argument the logger name requested. For example, the default file logger is created roughly as follows:
wigos.addTransport(winston.transports.File, function(basename) {
 return {
 dirname: universe.log,
 filename: basename + '.log',
 /* … */


text:
Newport Representatives Review Plant's Status
by Allen Chatt '07
January 20, 2005
In the modern world of terrorist fears and weapons of mass destruction few college students may realize one of the nation's largest stockpiles of the VX nerve agent is kept down the road in Newport, Ind. The 7,000-acre facility that houses the storage and disposal site is a closed and guarded facility that can be scary and comforting.
Wabash's Women on Campus Committee hosted two representatives Jan. 19 of the Newport Chemical Agent Disposal Facility to discuss the facility and its storage and planned disposal of the VX Nerve Agent.
The Newport Chemical Weapons Depot was opened in 1941 as the Wabash River Ordinance Works to produce a variety of explosive munitions. In 1958 it was dedicated to the production of the VX nerve agent.
After the construction of the VX production facility was completed in 1961, the agent was produced until 1969 when a moratorium was placed on the production of the agent and its shipment across state lines. The final two batches of the agent, consisting of a couple million gallons of the agent, produced have been stored at the site since.
In 1997, the United States ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention. The international treaty called for the disposal of the US stockpiles of Mustard gas and the Sarin and VX nerve agents, and the procedures for the destruction of the various agents was undertaken at the stockpile sites. At the Newport site, the construction of the Chemical Agent Disposal facility was begun in 2000 and completed in 2003.
"The VX agent is tightly guarded and each drop is accounted for," Dr. Debbie Lander said, a chemist working at the Newport facility. "There's an enormous amount of paperwork covering everything." The agent is stored as a viscous liquid in ton containers made with four inch thick walls of steel in hardened "igloos" made of concrete and steel.
The handling of the containers and safety are well practiced as the staff has undergone some 120,000 training hours with 13,000 hours dedicated to drill and exercise programs preparing for emergency response.
"Its always a relief when people learn its not a nerve gas that can spread so easily, and realize the amount of training the people working with it have to prevent accidents," Susan Gilman said. "The main purpose of the outreach office is to serve as a link between the Army and the community to help dispel the myths and rumors the public has about the facility, since it is a closed facility." Gilman, the director of the outreach office at the Newport facility, discussed many of the myths related to the agent and the construction of the disposal facility.
"Awareness is important," Lander said. "Awareness is what we're looking for because the public doesn't fully understand the neutralization process the agent undergoes and all the safety procedures in place." Lander participated in the presentation explaining some of the more technical aspects of the neutralization process and the chemical structure of VX.
The neutralization of the chemical agent is done by mixing the agent with water and Sodium hydroxide in an 8 percent agent to neutralizer ratio in the neutralization reactor.
Once the process has happened, the VX agent ceases to be and is left in a variety of chemical parts, the most dangerous of which is the remaining waste water, which is to be shipped to Maryland for further neutralization at facilities there. The disposal of the Nerve Agent itself is at a standstill for the moment as politics have halted the move forward, but disposal of the existing stock pile is expected to get underway in the early part of this year.
"I suggested to the Women on Campus Committee that we invite Newport after John Culley heard a presentation at Crawfordsville Kiwanis and said that it was very interesting," Terri Fyffe, a member of the committee, said. "I had read some articles in the newspaper about the facility and was concerned that such hazardous agents were stored so close to our homes in such times as we live."
"Having heard the presentation, I feel more at ease that the facility is safe and not a hazard to those of us living in West Central Indiana," Fyffe said. "The precautions taken seem pretty good, and the containers the VX is stored in along with the 'igloos' they built makes for much better security."
The Women on Campus meets the third Wednesday of each month to discuss issues ranging from public interest issues like the Newport facility, Identity theft and events and projects in the Crawfordsville community. The participants are generally the women working on campus or connected to the campus, with some of their programs open to the public.
Chatt is a Wabash College sophomore who writes for the Bachelor, the College's student newspaper.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Buddha, Buddhism, emptiness, empty, Enlightenment, final goal, illusion, master, Meditation, Mind, One, Practice, Religion, root, true self, Truth, Uncategorized, Zen
Q262. The phrase 'Striving to reach London while staying in London' doesn't make any sense to me. What does it mean?
A. The purpose of Zen meditation is to experience emptiness in person. London is a symbol of emptiness and reaching London means to experience emptiness. It means, in other words, that we are trying to experience emptiness while being emptiness itself. Reaching emptiness is realising the truth that we ourselves are emptiness, not reaching it by moving towards it.
In order to see whether you grasp these words clearly, ask yourself the following question.
Student: "How do you feel when you realise emptiness?"
Master: "I'll be wrong if I answer your question."
©Boo Ahm
All writing ©Boo Ahm. All images ©Simon Hathaway
Leave a Reply
WordPress.com Logo
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s


iard balls, it will bounce back. Okay, I don't have a design.
1shminux9yIt sure will, after imparting some momentum to the wall. My point is that I do not know how to construct a gate out of components interacting only through repulsive forces. I am not saying that it is impossible, I just do not see how it can be done.
0DanielVarga9yHow much momentum will it lose before it bounces back? If a large enough wall can make this arbitrarily small, then I think the Fredkin and Toffoli billiard gates [] can be built out of a thick wall of billiard balls. Lucky thing, in this model there is no friction, so gates can be arbitrarily large. Sure, the system might start to misbehave after the walls move by epsilon, but this doesn't seem like a serious problem. In the worst case, we can use throw-away gates that are abandoned after one use. That model is still as strong as Boolean circuits.
3Dreaded_Anomaly9yThe difference I see between photons and your example with billiard balls is that billiard balls have a rest frame. In other words, you can set them up so that they have no preexisting motion relative to you, and any change in their positions is due to your inputs. You can't do this with photons in a vacuum; they are massless, and must always move at c. Photon-photon scattering is also a rare process in quantum electrodynamics. If you look at the Feynman diagram: It has four vertices. Each vertex gives the cross-section of the process another factor of the fine structure constant α, which is a small number, about 1/137. A process like electron-electron or electron-positron scattering, on the other hand, has diagrams with only two vertices, so only two factors of α. (Of course, cross-sections also depend on mass, momentum, and so forth, but this gives a very simple heuristic for comparing processes.) The additional factor of α² ~ 0.00005 makes the cross section tiny compared to common QED processes. If you want to use photons for computing, photonic crystals are your best bet, although the technology is still in early stages of development.
1DanielVarga9yI don't know much about photon-photon scattering, but I do know that the cross section is very small. I see this as something that does not make a difference from a strictly theoretical point of view, but that might be because I don't understand the issues. Photonic crystals are not really relevant for my thought experiments, because you definitely can't build computers out of them that expand with the asymptotic speed of light. Maybe if you can turn regular material into photonic crystal by bombarding it with photons.
1Dreaded_Anomaly9yIf two billiard balls come to occupy an overlapping volume in space at the same time, they will collide with probability (1 - ε) for ε about as small as we can imagine. However, photons will only scatter off each other rarely. Photons are bosons, so the vast majority of the time, they will just pass right through each other. That doesn't give you a dependable logic gate.
1DanielVarga9yMaybe you are right, but it is not immediately obvious to me that small cross-section is a deadly problem. You shouldn't look at one isolated photon-photon encounter as a logic gate. Even an ordinary electronic transistor would not work without error correction. Using error correction, you can build complex systems that seem like magic when you attempt to understand them at the level of individual electrons.
When I read about quantum mechanics they always talk about "observation" as if it meant something concrete. Can you give me an experimental condition in which a waveform does collapse and another where it does not collapse, and explain the difference in the conditions? E.g. in the two slit experiment, when exactly does the alleged "observation" happen?
'Observation' is a shorthand (for historical reasons) for 'interaction with a different system', for example a detector or a human; but a rock will do as well. I would actually suggest you read the Quantum Mechanics Sequence on this point, Eliezer's explanation is quite good.
1Ezekiel9yEliezer's explanation hinges on the MWI being correct, which I understand is currently the minority opinion. Are we to understand that you're with the minority on this one?
Well, yes. But if you don't like MWI, you can postulate that the collapse occurs when the mass of the superposed system grows large enough; in other words, that the explanation is somewhere in the as-yet-unknown unification of QM and GR. Of course, every time someone succeeds in maintaining a superposition of a larger system, you should reduce your probability for this explanation. I think we are now up to objects that are actually visible with the naked eye.
1witzvo9yWhen I hear the phrase "many worlds interpretation," I cringe. This is not because I know something about the science (I know nothing about the science), it's because of confusing things I've heard in science popularizations. This reaction has kept me from reading Eliezer's sequence thus far, but I pledge to give it a fair shot soon. Above you gave me a substitute phrase to use when I hear "observation." Is there a similar substitute phrase to use for MWI? Should I, for example, think "probability distribution over a Hilbert space" when I hear "many worlds", or is it something else? Edit: Generally, can anyone suggest a lexicon that translates QM terminology into probability terminology?
I'm not sure I'm addressing your question, but I advocate in place of "many worlds interpretation" the phrase "no collapse interpretation."
2witzvo9yThat's very helpful. It will help me read the sequence without being prejudiced by other things I've heard. If all we're talking about here is the wavefunction evolving according to Schr\:odinger's equation, I've got no problems, and I would call the "many worlds" terminology extremely distracting. (e.g. to me it implies a probability distribution over some kind of "multiverse", whatever that is).
-1shminux9yPersonally, I advocate "no interpretation", in a sense "no ontology should be assigned to a mere interpretation".
1Viliam_Bur9yI am curious how exactly would this aproach work outside of quantum physics, specifically in areas more simple or more close to our intuition. I think we should be use the same basic cognitive algorithms for thinking about all knowledge, not make quantum physics a "separate magisterium". So if the "no interpretation" approach is correct, seems to me that it should be correct everywhere. I would like to see it applied to a simple physics or even mathematics (perhaps even such as 2+2=4, but I don't want to construct a strawman example here).
2shminux9yI was describing instrumentalism in my comment, and so far it has been working well for me in other areas as well. In mathematics, I would avoid arguing whether a theorem that is unprovable in a certain framework is true or false. In condensed matter physics, I would avoid arguing whether pseudo-particles, such as holes and phonons, are "real". In general, when people talk about a "description of reality" they implicitly assume the map-territory model, without admitting that it is only a (convenient and useful) model. It is possible to talk about observable phenomena without using this model. Specifically, one can describe research in natural science as building a hierarchy of models, each more powerful than the one before, without mentioning the world "reality" even once. In this approach all models of the same power (known in QM as interpretations) are equivalent.
1witzvo9yCan you elaborate on this? (I'm not voting it down, yet anyway; but it has -3 right now) I'm guessing that your point is that seeing and thinking about experimental results for Themselves is more important than telling stories about them, yes?
6Grognor9yYou could go with what Everett wanted to call it in the first place, the relative state interpretation. To answer your "Edit" question, no, the relative state interpretation does not include probabilities as fundamental.
2witzvo9yThanks! Getting back to original sources has always been good for me. Is that "Relative state" formulation of quantum mechanics []?
5RolfAndreassen9yI think it is necessary to exercise some care in demanding probabilities from QM. Note that the fundamental thing is the wave function, and the development of the wave function is perfectly deterministic. Probabilities, although they are the thing that everyone takes away from QM, only appear after decoherence, or after collapse if you prefer that terminology; and we Do Not Know how the particular Born probabilities arise. This is one of the genuine mysteries of modern physics.
3witzvo9yI was reflecting on this, and considering how statistics might look to a pure mathematician: "Probability distribution, I know. Real number, I know. But what is this 'rolling a die'/'sampling' that you are speaking about?" Honest answer: Everybody knows what it means (come on man, it's a die!), but nobody knows what it means mathematically. It has to do with how we interpret/model the data that we see that comes to us from experiments, and the most philosophically defensible way to give these models meaning involves subjective probability. "Ah so you belong to that minority


theatre has flourished prior to the Syrian revolution, while the Kurdish theatre declined due to the oppression imposed over the Kurdish actors at that time in reign of the Baath regime. After the Syrian revolution, things went the opposite way, the Arabic theatre's role ceased and the Kurdish theatre flourished."
Despite the differences between the Kurdish and Arabic theatres before and now, as Shivzan believes, however he calls "all of the components existing on the Syrian Jazeera to work together on one stage, in spite of the circumstances that we are facing."
Artist 'Bahaa Sheikho', brother of the late Kurdish artist and singer 'Mohammad Sheikho', who sang in different languages especially in Arabic, says "art was found in the area of the Syrian Jazeera with the existence of the people of different components on its land. My brother sang in the standard Arabic for many artists like, Farid Al-Atrash and Abdel Halim."
Sheikho agrees with Mohammad Abed that "the circumstances of the Syrian revolution have slightly affected art in general, just like any kind of institution that would be affected by such events, especially after a large number of Arab and Kurdish artists have migrated abroad due to the ongoing war in the area and its surrounding, something that specified these works but did not limit them to a single component without the other."
However, the theatrical artist, Ali Osman, of the city of Qamishli, believes that "despite the fact that the siege and the circumstances imposed by the Syrian revolution on the area of Jazeera and its cities, have significantly affected the artists in general, yet the revolution has brought artists of the different existing components closer together, creating a united art work or singing work, since the enemy is the same for everyone."
Kurdish artists leaving an imprint in the Syrian art
Prior to the Syrian revolution, the Syrian drama experienced its most beautiful glory, as it presented a performance rising from the rank of acting to the phase of reality, with the participation of many Arab and Kurd artists, leaving a beautiful imprint on the Syrian art platform.
All different kinds of former Syrian art works contained an elite of Kurdish artists, some of which died, leaving behind a living memory, while others are still adding a touch that would extend through the art ages.
Late Artist "Abdul Rahman Al Rashi"
Artist Abdul Rahman Al Rashi
Artist Abdul Rahman Al Rashi
The Syrian artists' elder and the Syrian drama's veteran, the artist missed by the Syrian screens, who enriched the Syrian art with his creative roles.
The late artist had memorable roles that will always live in the memories of the Syrian people, among which is "Azraq" in the TV series "the Desert's wrath", the "port's chief" in the TV series "the end of a brave man", as well as "Jenkees Khan" in the series "Hulagu".
Al Rashi is considered one of the most prominent stars in the sky of the Damascene environment, who provided the drama with what no one else did, some of those roles are; "Zaim Abu Saleh" in the first and second parts of "Bab Al Hara", "Abu Jawad" in "Khawali", "Abu Boutros Zakarti" in "Good old Men", in addition to his roles in "Al Hoot", "People of Raya" and others.
Artist Al Rashi died in April 2014, concluding a rich artistic journey of 50 years, during which he presented dozens of theatrical, film, radio, as well as TV works.
The late artist was famous for his distinctive voice and his special character that left an impact in the memories of the Arab viewers.
Late Artist "Khaled Taja"
Artist Khaled Taja
Artist Khaled Taja
Poet Mahmoud Darweesh called him "the Arab Antony Quinn".
The late artist worked in theatre since he was young, participating with senior theatrical artists at that time, such as Abdul Latif Fathi and Hikmet Mohsen.
Taja was born in Rukn al-Din neighborhood of Damascus in 1939. He participated in diverse drama and comedian works and in different artistic styles and environments. He was famous for identifying himself with the role and his keenness to always present his best. He has a tremendous number of diverse artworks.
The artist played many roles in TV works that embody the Damascene environment, such as "Assad Al-Warraq", "Damascene Days", "Damascene's sour grapes", "Abu Khalil Kabbani", as well as other historical works, like "Khaled Ibn Al-Walid", "Kings of Taifa", "the spring of Cordoba", "Salah Deen Ayoubi", and even comedian roles in "spot light", "the four seasons", "Diary of a general manager" and "Childhood days", in addition to contemporary social works.
The Syrian artist died in Damascus at the age of 72, after struggling with disease. The consolation of his lovers lie in the hundreds of diversified artistic works that are brimming in creativity, which he embodied in his early life, as well as the last years of his work.
Late artist and director Talhat Hamdi
Artist Talhat Hamdi
Artist Talhat Hamdi
Talhat Hamdi (Talhat Hamdi Kaka) was born in Damascus in 1941, commencing his youth in the theatrical work that flourished in Damascus and the Syrian provinces through civil bands and clubs between the thirties of the twentieth century and the end of the fifties, when official theatrical bands were established.
His first appearances was in "Oriental Club" band founded by "Nihad Kalai" in 1958, presenting their famous play "the Price of Freedom" in Damascus and Cairo during the Unity time. The play was praised by the critic Dr. Mohammad Mandour.
The late artist was known to be one of the white and black artists. He was also one of the contemporary Syrian Drama stars presenting special roles that no one but him can master.
Hamdi was a veteran actor, one of those who enriched the theatrical movement by founding the preliminary theatre. He was one of the first participating in the National Theatre bands, founded in 1960.
Hamdi commenced his artistic career in the series "Sari" by Aladdin Kokesh, after that he achieved a sparkling career in more than one work, such as "Heras" and "Rammah" in the "Desert Wrath", "Mr. Muwaffaq" in "the circle of fire", then he received a wide acceptance in the role "Shawqat Kanadili" in the Damascene series "Kishani Hamam".
Hamdi died in Jordan in 2012, after leaving Syria with his family, taken by a sudden heart attack, leaving a huge space since he has been kept away off the Syrian art for a number of years.
The young artist Mohammad Owusu
Artist Mohammad Owusu
Artist Mohammad Owusu
Young Mohammad Owusu comes from the Rukn al-Din neighborhood of Damascus, of an ancient Kurdish family.
He is considered to be one of the brightest stars in the comedy field in Syria. He won first prize in Damascus Festival for Syrian TV series for his role in "Bokra Ahla/Tomorrow is better", which was his first to take him to the fame world. After that, he participated in many series, most notably "Kaser Khawater/Breaking the thoughts".
Owusu is one of the artists supporting the Syrian revolution since its beginning. He participated in many protests calling to overthrow the regime in the neighborhood of Rukn al-Din in Damascus, repeating the words "No Arab, no Kurdish…we want national unity", which were echoed by the crowds behind him.
Owusu was arrested many times by the forces of the Syrian regime at the beginning of the peaceful Revolutionary movement in Syria. Many false rumors spread about news of his death in torture prisons.
Work of Arts is a real elevating tool for forming the combining National Syrian identity
Hussein Bero
Hussein Bero
Hussein Bero
Einstein says "If I were not a physicist, I probably would have become a musician, I often think about music. My daydreaming is about music, and I look at my life in terms of music. The most beautiful times for me is when I am playing the violin."
What Einstein said, provides us with a clear indication of the importance of arts, as one of the most important tools that contributed in forming the human civilization throughout ages. In fact, many of these civilizations have disappeared, but their arts still exist, reminding of those civilizations, providing a historical discoveries about the people's lives and their cultures.
Art is a global language that everyone uses, away from obstacles of language, nationalism or religion, to the point where we can say that art is the most important ambassador among people. It constitutes the basic material for cultural and civilized dialogue that contributes in creating a state of coexistence, rapprochement and understanding among peoples.
The civilized act resulting from arts, does not result from a political decision, or directives of a party or a government, it is rather an instinctive state, generated by the desire of the beauty creator to express himself within his surrounding, thus, art rises above being a mouthpiece or contents in programs of political and partisan forces. The worst art samples ever are those presented as a plan to achieve a goal by some powers, whether it be political, cultural or social. Of course, this active role of arts does not include that of psychiatric treatment and support, since there is no room to talk about that in here.
In Qamish


text:
The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service formally proposed the Jollyville Plateau salamander, Austin blind salamander, Georgetown salamander, and Salado salamander as endangered species. The proposed listing opens a 60-day comment period and triggers a 12 month deadline for making a final listing decision. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that decisions to list species as "threatened" or "endangered" be made solely on the best available commercial and scientific information.
The SOS Alliance filed a fully documented, science-based petition to list the Jollyville Plateau salamander as endangered in June 2005. Had the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service followed Endangered Species Act listing deadlines, the species would have been listed endangered by the end of 2007. Although slow in coming, the proposed listings recognize that these Edwards aquifer and spring dwelling species are at grave risk of near-term extinction as a result of increasing pollution and groundwater pumping from development in Travis, Williamson, and Bell counties.
The Austin blind salamander is found only at Barton Springs. The other three species are found in springs flowing from the northern Edwards Aquifer, located north of the Colorado River. Development and groundwater pumping in Williamson County is virtually unregulated.
The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's proposed listing rule, and the basis for the proposed listings, is available HERE.
SOS Alliance will be supplementing the scientific record with updated information on the proliferation of unregulated groundwater pumping and minimally-regulated land development across the range of these salamander species.
Protecting the northern Edwards Aquifer habitats of these species will protect the water for human use and enjoyment as well. As we like to say, "may salamanders forever swim in your water supply."


205: Candy Button Paper
Explain xkcd: It's 'cause you're dumb.
Jump to: navigation, search
Candy Button Paper
Nonrewriteable tape?
Title text: Nonrewriteable tape?
[edit] Explanation
This comic refers to Candy Buttons, a type of candy sold by Necco in the U.S. since 1980. Because of the resemblance of the strips of paper to the tape of a Turing Machine, a small minority of children pretended to be a Turing Machine by creating rules and executing them upon the tape of candy exactly like a real Turing Machine would do.
The title text refers to the fact that, although it would be hypothetically possible to create a Turing Machine that can only delete symbols, the information density of the tape would be greatly reduced, and the original Turing Machine could read and write from the tape it operated on.
[edit] Transcript
When it came to eating strips of candy buttons, there were two main strategies. Some kids carefully removed each bead, checking closely for paper residue before eating.
Others tore the candy off haphazardly, swallowing large scraps of paper as they ate.
Then there were the lonely few of us who moved back and forth on the strip, eating rows of beads here and there, pretending we were Turing machines.
It is possible to run a Turing machine on a candy belt:
Marvin Minsky (1967), Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. In particular see p. 262ff (italics in original): "We can now demonstrate the remarkable fact, first shown by Wang [1957], that for any Turing machine T there is an equivalent Turing machine TN that never changes a once-written symbol! In fact, we will construct a two-symbol machine TN that can only change blank squares on its tape to 1's but can not change a 1 back to a blank." Minsky then offers a proof of this. -- Kopa Leo 16:01, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
In my opinion, intuitively, when writing is demanded, a turing machine just have to copy those symbols to a new location, minding the symbol that needs to be written. It can have a start-of-data mark so this would be transparent to other operations 05:45, 27 July 2014 (UTC)
so I'm the only one that put them in a loop, then moved it one button down on one side? (talk) (please sign your comments with ~~~~)
Candy button paper was around long before 1980. I remember it from the 1950s. 17:59, 2 October 2016 (UTC)
Personal tools


text:
StatusThe thesis was presented on the 17 September, 2010
Approved by NCAA on the 4 November, 2010
Abstract– 0.95 Mb / in romanian
In the present thesis are presented complemented results of the analysis of the structure of optical, photoelectrical and luminescent properties of two representatives of the layered class materials of type AIIIBVI-GaSe and InSe, doped and un-doped with elements from te groups I-VII. Based on the measurements of structure with help of diffraction of X rays and of the FTIR spectrums in a large domain of number of waives it was determined that the initial GaSe crystals are of polyphase type. It is shown that that phase transactions ε-γ and ε-δ are happening as a result of mechanical action on the crystals and at their splitting. Introduction of the low concentration of the impurity atoms of the impurity (Sn, Cu) atoms leads to the growth of the parameter „a" and to the low decreasing of the „c" parameter for the hexagonal grating of the ε-GaSe crystals. Cd (Cu) impurities with quantities of 0.50% even more leads to the formation of the CdGa2Se4 clusters. Are determined the wave numbers of the optical fundamental phonons for impurities from these crystals.
Study of the absorption, reflection and photoluminescence optical spectrums are showing that the red margin of the fundamental absorption band of the doped and un-doped crystals with impurities from the groups I-VII is formed of excitons of big radius. Are determined the parameters of the excitons (binding energy, effective mass, localization energy of the excitons) as well as the type of the optical transaction of the studied compounds. Red wing of the exciton band is formed of the interaction of the excitons with the phonons. In the work was also determined the constants of these interactions. Optical absorption bands are formed of impurity elements (Li, K, Cu, Cd, Zn, Sn, Bi, Mn) and are directly adjoining with exciton bands. From the analysis of the optical absorption spectrums of the photoluminescence is determined the energy of the acceptor levels created by impurities inside interdicted of GaSe and InSe.
Introduction of the Cu, Cd, Sn in GaSe and InSe impurities leads to the increase by 2-3 orders of the concentration of the majoritary charge carriers. This way, the doping of the GaSe with 0.05 % at. Cd leads to the growth of the concentration of the holes at the normal temperature from 3•1012 cm-3to 4•1015 cm-3. At the same time the increase of the concentration of the Cd atoms from 0.01 % at. till 0.05 % at. leads to change of the type of the majority charge caries from n to p for the InSe. From the analysis of the dependency of the electrical conductivity of the temperature in the interval from 80K to 300K are determined the energy levels created by Cu, Cd and Sn impurity atoms localized in the interdicted band of GaSe and InSe. Levels created by the impurity atoms are determining also the photoelectical properties of the crystals. This way the increase of the concentration of the Cu atoms till 0.20 % at. leads to the growth by 100 times f the photosensibility of the ε-GaSe crystals at the room temperature. Further increase of the Cu atoms concentration leads to the formation of the localized states on the surfaces of the layered packets by which intensively are recombining the charge non-equilibrium carriers.
From the spectral analysis of the of the photoluminescence, its thermal extinguishing and the termically stimulated luminescence are determined the recombinatory levels created by the proper defects in the ε-GaSe and γ- InSe un-doped crystals and respectively of the levels created by the impurity atoms (Cu, Cd, Sn) in these crystals.
Using the method of termic oxidation of the thin layers of the metal were created heterojonctions In2O3, SnO2, ZnO, CdO, TiO2, Bi2O3-ε-GaSe and In2O3, SnO2-γ-InSe and studied the mecanisms of passing of the current through the heterojonction as well as their photoelectrical properties. From the analysis of the relaxation curves of the photocurrent, spectral distribution of photovoltage and optical absorption were determined the types of relaxation for these structures corresponding to the high photosensibility in the UV domain of the spectrum and respectively the average free run of the non-equilibrium charge carriers at the transition band.
Main results are published in 91 scientific works. Thesis is written in Romanian language, contains 292 text pages, 160 figures, 27 tables and 346 bibliographical references.


text:
A 3D numerical study of the bubble generation process into a bubble T-junction generator and its comparison with experimental data: part I
Document typeConference report
Rights accessOpen Access
This work presents a 3D numerical study of the bubble generation process into a bubble generator obtained with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics solver ANSYS Fluent v15.0.7, and its comparison with experimental data reproducing the same conditions. The bubble generator is formed by two perpendicular capillaries in which liquid and gas are injected at perpendicular directions into a 1 mm internal diameter capillary T-junction with a total length of 10 mm. The fluids used in experiments and CFD simulations are air and water, both of them considered incompressible and isothermal, at a room temperature of 25. A total of 23 different cases are studied for different injection conditions, and results between numerical simulations and experiments are compared. In this first part of the analysis, we focus on the flow pattern regimes and the dynamics of the bubble generation process. In addition to the new numerical simulations presented here, a new model has been used to predict the bubble generation frequency and tested with both experimental and numerical data. Results on bubble generation frequency are also presented by means of the non-dimensional Strouhal number. Same types of patterns, bubble and slug flow regimes, are obtained in simulations and experiments. In order to perform an exhaustive validation and comparison of numerical simulations with experimental data, several parameters have been selected: bubble velocity, volumetric void fraction, bubble generation frequency, Strouhal number and bubble equivalent diameter. Numerical simulations agree qualitatively, but not always quantitatively, with experimental results. 772
CitationArias, S., Montlaur, A. A 3D numerical study of the bubble generation process into a bubble T-junction generator and its comparison with experimental data: part I. A: European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering. "ECCOMAS 2016: proceedings, June 5-10 2016, Crete, Greece". Crete: 2016, p. 772-787.


text:
That which is entailed.
- To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence: The investment entailed a high risk. The proposition X is a rose entails the proposition X is a flower because all roses are flowers.
- To limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs.
- To bestow or impose on a person or a specified succession of heirs.
- The act of entailing, especially property.
- The state of being entailed.
- An entailed estate.
- A predetermined order of succession, as to an estate or to an office.
- Something transmitted as if by unalterable inheritance.


text:
Department of Mathematics, Science & Computer
Department of Mathematics, Science and Computer (JMSK) which was formerly known as Mathematics and Science Unit was built since 1993.
In June 2002, JMSK has moved to a new building which has computer labs facilities and a server room for Campus Information Network System Politeknik Port Dickson.
JMSK plays important role in coordinating the teaching of Mathematics in Engineering, Technical Science and Computer Application for all departments. JMSK is also responsible to manage all classrooms, science lab and computer lab so that the usage among departments is coordinated.
At the moment, JMSK has 31 lecturers who have skills in various disciplines such as Mathematics and Science, Information Technology, Computer Science, Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering and a lab assistant. In January 2009 session, a number of 4174 students have enrolled in all courses under JMSK management.
Starting in July 2006 session, JMSK was the first to create Work Quality Group in Politeknik Port Dickson. The pioneer group focused on failure causes of Technician Science course. Workshops of techniques answering final examination questions were organized and exercise book was produced. The main target was the course repeated students. In addition, a lot of activities were conducted. Final examination analysis showed result where number of repeating students who pass increased. From there on, some KMK in JMSK is formed.
The groups focus on courses with low pass percentage. A number of JMSK lecturers have also organized KMK course to other Politeknik Port Dickson staffs. It is to encourage more KMK group to be formed in Politeknik Port Dickson.
In January 2009 session, there was a lot of PnP activities successfully organized and was well received by the students. A motivational talk entitled "Say No" has been organized for students who repeated Engineering Mathematics 1, Engineering Mathematics 2, Technicians Science and Computer Application. Other activities such as CSL Learning, Mentor-mentee, workshop on examination answering techniques and Revising Workshop were also organized. JMSK will continue in conducting activities that may help students.
- ACAD Lab 1 and 2
- General Computer Lab 1
- General Computer Lab 2
- General Computer Lab 3
- General Computer Lab 4
- General Computer Lab 5
- Technician Science Lab 1 and 2
- Class Hall
Engineering Mathematics 1
The course gives students exposure on algebra theory especially in standard form, index and logarithm, geometry and measurement, coordinate geometry and graft. The course also explains the basic concept of trigonometry and its usage in solving problems.
Engineering Mathematics 2
The course gives students exposure about complex number which explains real number and imaginary number. Calculus and its usage are also pointed out in the course.
Engineering Mathematics 3
The course gives students exposure on statistic concept and its usage in interpreting data and approximating area and volume under unwell-shaped bend. It also introduces progression usage and basic matrix concept to solve simultaneous equation with inverted matrix and Cramer tips. Numerical method enable students solve linear simultaneous equation and non-linear simultaneous equation.
Engineering Mathematics 4
The course covers Binomial expansion and series also vector, scale and half fission. It introduces Laplace manifestation topic and its usage in solving problem of advance calculus. Geometry analikti is also discussed.
Engineering Mathematics 5
The course gives students exposure on hyperbola and inverted trigonometry function. It also introduces advance calculus to master differentiation and integration. Differentiation equation topic is included to assist students understanding methods in solving differentiation equation.
This course gives knowledge and exposure about applied science via theory and practical study so that students may apply it in engineering domain. It also stressed on Unit and Measurement, Force, Linear Motion, Work, Energy and Power, Solid and Fluids, Temperature and Heat and Basic of Electricity.
The course gives students knowledge about several kinds of computer system and application especially in hardware and software. It also exposes students to word processor, spreadsheet, presentation and internet software.
Contact Us: 06-_PHONE_


text:
Jorge Luis Borges: Poems of the Night (2010)
Group 2: Peer Reviews.
Group 2: poems returned, with corrections and provisional grades.
Distribute Group 3 poems.
Poetry Exercise 4: "Every word is a dead metaphor"
According to Jorge Luis Borges, traditional Chinese poets called the world "the ten thousand things." He goes on to speculate:if we accept the number ten thousand, and if we think that all metaphors are made by linking two different things together, then, had we time enough, we might work out an almost unimaginable sum of possible metaphors. I have forgotten my algebra, but I think the sum should be 10,000 multiplied by 9,999, multiplied by 9,998, and so on.That's a lot of metaphors. Our exercise today is to add to their number:- J. L. Borges, This Craft of Verse (2000): 21-22.
- Write down a list of things you've seen today, as a series of brief nouns or noun phrases without commentary: "the face of my phone / a plate of breakfast / my steering wheel / snarled-up traffic / the coffee cart").
- Keep going till you have (at least) fourteen such items.
- Write a set of brief, factual descriptions of the things of the day so far: "The sky is overcast / the rain falls vertically / my friend is frowning."
- Keep going till you have another fourteen (or more).
- Match first to last: "the face of my phone is frowning / my plate of breakfast falls vertically / the steering wheel is overcast."
- Play with the results some more - cutting and pruning - until you have a set of lines you think convey something of the character of your morning.
- Group 4: Workshop Poems Due. Bring enough copies for the whole class
- Group 3: Peer Reviews


text:
The readers of this guide are likely required to write the Language Proficiency Index™ (LPI™) to demonstrate their reading and writing proficiency in the English language for a post-secondary educational institution, a professional association, or an employer. These organizations want to know how well a person is able to function in English on demand—how well a person can write about a topic without having time to prepare or extensively revise their writing. Such organizations want to count on the general level of a person's English language writing skills and to be able to generally predict how this person will perform in an educational or work setting.
Paragon Testing Enterprises, a subsidiary of The University of British Columbia, develops and administers the LPI Test. The scores from this test can provide any of the types of organizations listed above with a means of evaluating a person's English language skills. The LPI Test provides a consistent and standardized measure of English language proficiency in two skill areas: reading and writing. The LPI Test is a 2.5-hour test and has four parts. Each part of the test assesses a different area: Part I, knowledge of sentence structure; Part II, knowledge of English usage; Part III, reading comprehension and writing summaries; and Part IV, ability to write a clear and coherent argumentative essay.
This guide focuses on the writing tasks in the LPI Test: the essay (Part IV) and the summaries (Part III, Section B). Section I of this guide provides information about the essay for LPI writers who have English as a Second Language (ESL). Section II contains information about the essay for LPI writers who have English as their Native Language (ENL). Both of these sections provide samples of LPI essays that are developed from Level 3 to Level 5. These sections also contain comments about the sample essay in its assigned level, which allows readers to compare the differences between one essay level and the next. Section III provides brief information on writing summaries. LPI summaries are important because they can provide the LPI markers with additional information about a person's writing abilities, especially in cases where a person's LPI essay contains mixed levels of writing. Three appendices follow Section III: Appendix A: Test-Taking Tips (for before the test and during the test); Appendix B: Sample Essays for Levels 1, 2, and 6; and Appendix C: LPI Essay Instructions. A brief glossary is found at the end of the guide.
Table of Contents
|WHAT THIS GUIDE CAN DO FOR YOU||
|ABOUT THE LPI TEST: Format, Preparation, and Scoring|
|Overview of the LPI Essay Format||
|Preparing Your LPI Essay||
|Scoring Criteria for the LPI Essay||
|SECTION I: LPI Writers Who Have English as a Second Language (ESL)|
|Common ESL Writing Errors||
|Sample LPI Essays: ESL Writing||
|SECTION II: LPI Writers Who have English as Their Native Language (ENL)|
|Common ENL Writing Errors||
|Sample LPI Essays: ENL Writing||
|SECTION III: Writing LPI Summaries|
|Your Writing and the Summaries||
|APPENDIX A: Test-Taking Tips||
|APPENDIX B: Level 1, 2, and 6 Sample Essays||
|APPENDIX C: LPI Essay Instructions||
|GLOSSARY OF TERMS||


text:
This is by far the most famous
of all Greek superstitions with very old roots in Hellenic culture from the
time of paganism. Paintings of Greek triremes over two thousand years
ago have an eye painted at the front of the trireme in an attempt to ward
off the Evil Eye. The Evil Eye is known widely throughout Greece and
the Greek Islands. The Evil Eye is said to be able to strike
anywhere without notice and no one can be the wiser.
Think back to a time when
someone complemented you on how nice you looked only for you to have a
painful headache immediately after. Happenings such as this are attributed
to the Evil Eye.
To ward off the Evil Eye several
things can be done. An eye is painted into the middle of a blue charm,
this charm is then worn as a necklace or as a bracelet. Blue beads can
also be worn instead of the eye charm in the form of a necklace or
bracelet. The reason the color blue and the painted eye are used is that
both are thought to ward off the evil of the eye. Unfortunately people
who have blue eyes are thought to be exceptional givers of it. In such,
believers of the Evil Eye are weary of compliments received from a blue eyed
It is also said that a clove of
garlic has the ability to ward of the evil eye. Many people keep the
clove of garlic in their clothes or in their pockets.
It is customary for Greeks to
spit towards someone if they pay them a compliment. Sometimes they will spit
three times, a symbolism of the using of the Holy Trinity to defend against
the eye. This custom of spitting has its roots in the Evil Eye.
The spitting is an attempt to ward of the evil of the eye.
The Greek Orthodox Church also
believes in the evil eye, and they refer to it as "Vaskania".
There are people who are said to know how to remove the eye from someone who
is affected. The Greek Orthodox church strictly forbids this.
The church sees this as dangerous ground, and only a priest has the power to
read a person in an attempt to remove the eye. However, Greeks openly
practice the removing off the eye against the wishes of the Church.
The church fears that attempts to remove the eye can result in possession.
Believers of the evil eye should understand that the person who is
attempting to remove the eye should be using the method that the
church uses, and not some custom that has been passed down generation to
generation. Many of the readings that are passed down have their roots in
paganism and do not adhere to Orthodoxy, the church attempts to guard
against these readings.
Watch out for that Evil Eye!


Documentation Center
 - 評価版
 - 製品アップデート
Create Custom Blocks
You can create custom Receive and Transmit blocks to use with hardware currently not supported by the Vehicle Network Toolbox™.
Vehicle Network Toolbox blocks use a custom CAN data type. To use the blocks you create with other Vehicle Network Toolbox blocks, register this custom CAN data type.
To use the custom data type defined in the Vehicle Network Toolbox, write a C++ S-function.
 Note: You must use a C++ file type S-function (.cpp) to create custom blocks. Using a C-file type S-function (.c) may cause linker errors.
To register and use the custom CAN data type, in your S-function:
 1. Define the IMPORT_SCANUTIL identifier that imports the required symbols when you compile the S-function:
 2. Include the can_datatype.h header located in[MATLABROOT]\toolbox\vnt\vntblks\include\candatatype at the top of the S-function:
 _TAG_ "can_datatype.h"
 Note: The header can_message.h included by can_datatype.h is located in [MATLABROOT]\toolbox\shared\can\src\scanutil\.
 3. Link your S-function during build to the scanutil.lib located in the [MATLABROOT]\toolbox\vnt\vntblks\lib\ directory. The shared library scanutil.dll, is located in the [MATLABROOT]\bin\
 4. Call this function in mdlInitializeSizes to initialize the custom CAN data type:
 5. Get custom data type ID using ssGetDataTypeId:
 dataTypeID = ssGetDataTypeId(S,SL_CAN_MESSAGE_DTYPE_NAME);
 6. Do one of the following:
 - To create a receive block, set output port data type to CAN_MESSAGE:
 ssSetOutputPortDataType(S, portID, dataTypeID );
 - To create a transmit block, set the input port to CAN_MESSAGE:
 ssSetInputPortDataType(S, portID, dataTypeID );
For more information on S-functions, see S-Function Basics.
Was this topic helpful?


text:
The proposed computer engineering curriculum for the YLFI-Emilio Aguinaldo College: A response towards global competitiveness
College of Computer Studies
This paper describes the proposed Computer Engineering Curriculum for the YLFI-Emilio Aguinaldo College conceptualized and developed by the College of Engineering and Technology Committee on Instruction. The enhancement made is geared towards developing a greater number of competent computer engineers and increasing the population of the college. The enhancement of the present curriculum of the Computer Engineering course was made by considering the Commission on Higher Education's mandate for the course; the (TESDA) ladderization program; the needs of the industry; and the 2004 Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Computer Society (IEEECS). It is hope that this proposed curriculum would help produce computer engineers who are not only globally competent but also responsive to the needs of the academe, industry and research.
Obra, E. C., Bacani, A. L., Ballera, M. A., Cruz, E. T., Franco, G. L., Joaquin, M. P., Reintar, N. M., Sadia, M. C., & Sison, A. M. (2007). The proposed computer engineering curriculum for the YLFI-Emilio Aguinaldo College: A response towards global competitiveness. CET Review, 1, 1-20. Retrieved from _URL_
Computer engineering—Study and teaching—Philippines


text:
Browse our Culture Dictionary Alphabetically
Some terms acquire new meaning faster than a typical dictionary can capture the change. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy includes contemporary word usage as well as essential and classic terms from the Bible, mythology, philosophy, literature, world history, geography, anthropology, psychology, and sociology. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy is a wonderful alternative for learning the meaning of important words and ideas.
« Back to Home Page


Project Management
Meeting the Challenge of Log Management for Unix and Linux Systems
Free registration required
Executive Summary
UNIX and Linux generate a wide array of audit logs. Modern versions of Linux and UNIX provide a formal audit system that creates a detailed audit trail of security activity across all of the operating system's components. When combined with legacy text-based and syslog-based audit trails, each Linux and UNIX system can provide a wealth of audit data. However, UNIX and Linux audit logs vary greatly in terms of format, content and reliability, even within one flavor of UNIX or distribution of Linux. Also, UNIX and Linux auditing provides only some rudimentary log rotation and aggregation capabilities.
 - Format: PDF
 - Size: 1798.2 KB


text:
In the Fresh-r, heat recovery runs via the copper, which conducts heat 1000x better than plastic, resulting in a thermal yield of 90 % at 60 m³ per hour, 87% at 80 m³ per hour and 84% at 120 m³ per hour.
The Fresh-r ventilation is balanced. This means that the same amount of air is blown into your residence as is blown out. These air flows do not touch each other. But they do go through the same heat exchanger. That heat exchanger contains a mat of fine woven copper wire. If the air is warmer than the copper wire, then the heat from that air flows through the copper. If the air is colder than the copper wire, then the heat flows from the copper to the air. If it's 20° inside and 0° outside, then the air blown into the interior is 18°. And this efficiency does not decrease as the heat exchanger gets older because the copper wire is coated.


text:
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Thursday, May 23, 2013
Injury Prevention and Safety
which color bruise is considered to be the worst?
Health professionals used to rely on bruise color to estimate how recently an injury occurred. However, it is well known now that bruise color is not at all a reliable measure of how bad a bruise is or when the injury occurred.
Large bruises over the abdomen and pelvis that may signal that serious damage has been done to the organs underlying the bruise. The bruise itself is deceptive because you can't see the underlying damage that is far more serious than the visible discoloration. This can be deadly, especially if organs rich in blood supply such as the liver and spleen are damaged and the person bleeds to death internally.
Of course, bruises over the bone can mean that a hemorrhage occurs under the bony covering called the periosteum and also may lead to a fracture of the bone underneath. These are certainly painful but do not lead to death very often. They can look worse because of the impact of the blood vessels onto the bone as compared to soft tissue bruising over the abdomen. Bruises around the eyes and ears can damage vision and hearing if the force of the injury was significant.
The bottom line is that color is not what is so important. It is much more important what the force of the injury was and what parts of the body are underneath the force of the injury. I hope this answers your question.
Mary M Gottesman, PhD, RN, CPNP, FAAN
Professor of Clinical Nursing
College of Nursing
The Ohio State University


text: We assessed trends in the relative prevalences of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/HIV-2 infection in 10,321 women attending outpatient clinics in Senegal between 1990 and 2009. The relative prevalence of HIV-1 (defined as the proportion of seropositive subjects having HIV-1) rose sharply from 38% in 1990 until 1993 (P < 0.001), whereupon it continued to rise, but at a slower rate, reaching 72% of HIV infections in 2009. As compared with HIV-1, the relative prevalence of HIV-2 decreased sharply from 54% in 1990 until 1993 (P < 0.001) and continued to decrease at a slower rate through 2009. The relative prevalence of dual infection, as compared with HIV-1, was stable from 1990 to 1993, but decreased slightly thereafter (P < 0.001). These study findings indicate that during the early 1990s, the relative prevalence of HIV-1 increased markedly, while the relative prevalence of HIV-2 decreased and the relative prevalence of dual infection remained stable in Senegal. From 1993 to 2009, the relative prevalence of HIV-1 increased at a slower rate, while the relative prevalences of HIV-2 and dual infection decreased. These results confirm trends in HIV prevalence observed in other West African populations and provide a critical update on HIV transmission risk among women in Senegal.


Save time, money, energy, and eat great
By Philip Brewer on 12 September 2007 (Updated 20 August 2013) 21 comments
Depending on how old you are, your mother or grandmother probably had one of these: a pressure cooker. (She probably also had a story of one exploding, which may be why they're not so common any more.) They're great tools, though, for quick home cooking. And they don't blow up any more. (See also: The 5 Best Pressure Cookers)
This summer I talked my wife into getting a pressure cooker. (She'd heard stories of them exploding from her grandmother as well, so it took a few years.) We ended up getting a Kuhn Rikon Duromatic 3.7-Quart Pressure Cooker, which seemed to have a couple of extra safety features, although I'm sure any modern one would be safe.
I'd wanted one just because I'm a midwestern boy and like my green beans thoroughly cooked, which takes a long time in a pan but only about three minutes in a pressure cooker. Since it was hot this summer, my wife went ahead and used the pressure cooker for a few other dishes--it cooks so quickly, it doesn't heat the kitchen up as much--and we were surprised to find the food turned out better. That prompted me to do a bit of research on pressure cookers.
Quick Physics Lesson
Remember from science class when they mentioned that the boiling point of water was 212°F at sea level? They had to mention the bit about sea level, because the boiling point of water depends on the air pressure. Inside a pressure cooker the pressure doubles, which raises the boiling point to 250°F. Higher temperature equals faster cooking.
Not Just Faster Cooking
A pressure cooker cuts the cooking time by two-thirds to three-quarters, saving time, money, and energy. They also make cheaper food taste great--they even make it healthier.
Save money
Besides the energy savings, you can also save money on ingredients. The heat and pressure combine to soften the fibers in foods, so tough cuts of meat come out wonderfully tender.
Save energy
The energy savings isn't much on a per-meal basis--not enough to balance the energy cost of making a large metal pot--but the cooker is an investment in energy savings. Cook with it day after day, week after week, and the energy savings add up. And there's no reason a pressure cooker can't last a generation or two. This is the sort of thing I was talking about last month when I suggested that you fix energy in tangible form.
As I mentioned, you also don't heat up the kitchen so much on hot days, which saves energy--and money--on air conditioning.
Great food
Ever noticed how some foods--stews, sauces, and the like--taste better as leftovers than when they were first served? The flavors just meld better after they're chilled and then reheated. Well, the pressure cooker gives you that flavor for the first serving. The pressure and the higher heat get the melding to happen faster.
Food cooked in a pressure cooker is also more nutritious. It's cooked with less liquid, which helps. Also, sealed in the cooker, it's less exposed to oxygen, so less of the vitamins and healthful pigments are lost in cooking.
My mom and grandmother both had stories of pressure cookers blowing up. Their stories were of accidents of the messy rather than dangerous variety, but they still gave one pause. Happily, the safety of pressure cookers has been considerably improved. (You never hear of them blowing up any more, and it's not just because hardly anyone uses them any more.) They have better valves, backup valves, and the seals are designed to let excess pressure escape rather than hold it in until there's an explosion.
There are plenty of good books on cooking with pressure cookers (and a new pressure cooker will come with a recipe book to get you started), but just a little experience using the pressure cooker will let you easily adapt your own favorite recipes for pressure cooking: Use a little less liquid, use cheaper cuts of meat, don't cook as long, and expect tender, flavorful food.
Average: 5 (1 vote)
Your rating: None
21 discussions
Add New Comment
This test helps prevent automated spam submissions.
Guest's picture
I got one for Christmas last year, and it can save you a few bills if you cook beans often. Most kinds of dry beans take less than half an hour to cook instead of a couple hours, so you can buy them in bulk instead of pre-cooked in cans.
I've also done a lot of canning this summer, and a pressure cooker/canner is necessary if you want to do any vegetables. Mine's a bit small and will only do pints, but so far I've got me some canned corn, beans, beets, and carrots.
Myscha Theriault's picture
I've always been intimidated by the explosion stories myself. Although I admit, I've secretly wanted to try one for years, despite that fact, for many of the reasons you listed above.
Glad to hear someone is having success with one.
Julie Rains's picture
I have a new pressure cooker that is unused (a Christmas present from my parents who bought it at some grand, once-a-year cookware sale). I remember all the rocking and shaking associated with them from my childhood and am intimidated by it. The recipe book that came with it is European and the ingredients specified are not widely available. If you have a simple recipe to share (a nice chicken stew perhaps or but green beans will do) with step by step instructions, I would most appreciate it.
Philip Brewer's picture
My wife fixed this chicken dish with the pressure cooker recently, when she happened upon some cheap frozen chicken breasts:
 - 1 teaspoon olive oil (just enough to saute things)
 - 2 chicken breasts, thawed just enough to cut up into bite-sized pieces
 - 1 onion, chopped
 - 3 or 4 cloves of garlic
 - 1 cup chicken stock (more if your cooker has a larger minimum)
 - 4 or 5 medium pototoes, cut into largish chunks
 - 2 carrots, cut into largish chunks
 - 1 celery stalk, cut up however you like your celery
In the pressure cooker, saute the chicken, onion, and mashed garlic cloves in a little olive oil.
Add the chicken stock.
If you put the potatoes or carrots on the bottom of the pan, they're prone to scorch, so put them on top of the chicken pieces. You want them cut up into fairly large pieces, or else they'll overcook in the pressure cooker.
Put on the pressure cooker lid and bring up to high pressure on high heat, then reduce heat to whatever will maintain the pressure (medium or thereabouts). This takes a bit of practice to do smoothly, but doing it unsmoothly doesn't make any difference to the result. Basically, turn the heat down and see if the pressure stays up. If it doesn't, bring the cooker back up to pressure and then turn it down less next time. If it does, try turning it down a bit more. Basically, you're looking for the lowest setting that maintains the thing at high pressure.
Cook at high pressure for 15 minutes.
Turn off the heat, but leave the cooker on the burner. (If it's a gas stove, maybe leave it cooking at pressure for an extra half minute.) Allow the pressure to release naturally. (That is, wait until the pressure gauge goes down (if it has one), or until it has quit hissing for a while. There are also "quick" pressure release, where you press a button to release the pressure (on some pressure cookers), or run cold water over the lid until the pressure comes down. It continues to cook while the pressure releases, though, so if you're going to do any of the quick release methods, you need to cook it at pressure for a little longer. I figure the natural pressure release method is the most energy efficient, even if it takes a few minutes longer.)
Remove the lid. Season to taste. (One of the cookbooks warned that dried herbs didn't do well in the pressure cooker--the heat and pressure blasts the flavor out of them--and said to add any dried herbs at the end.) I think we just added pepper and maybe a little thyme.
Makes about 4 servings.
The website of the company that made our pressure cooker has a recipes page.
Guest's picture
A former neighbor used to make the best pinto beans in hers. We have been trying to eat more beans, lentils and rice. We purchased a rice steamer recently and love it. Rice can be prepped in the morning and timed to start cooking so it is ready to eat when you get home. We do lentils and split peas in our also. Supposedly you can do veggies or soups in it also.
We certainly would eat more things with beans if we could avoid the soaking and hours of cooking.
Julie Rains's picture
Thanks for the preesure cooker recipe; I'll try it within the week. I've got all the ingredients for the chicken stew so that should work well.
Guest's picture
I have been using pressure cookers all my life, so did my mother and for all I know my grandmother. My first was my mother's and eventually I couldnt get the gaskets for it any more. I have had one large pressure cooker (I cook for 8) for 30 years and the smaller one for


Skip to definition.
Noun: Falkland Islands
 1. A group of over 100 islands in the southern Atlantic off the coast of Argentina; a British Crown Colony
Type of: island
Part of: Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean
Encyclopedia: Falkland Islands


Lesson 16b
Lisa does London: New verb tenses!
Level: Pre-Intermediate
Lesson 16 portrait where we see Dennis the Interviewer in the middle, Lisa the interviewee on the left, and my French wife Valerie on the right
Lesson contents:
 - Introduction to the near future.
 - How long for lengths of time.
 - The use of you guys as the plural of "you" for both men & women.
Always watch the video several times without subtitles first. Train your ears! Your pronunciation will be much better if you follow this simple rule.
Exercises for this lesson:
How to do the lessons:
 1. Watch the video without subtitles.
 2. Do all the Exercises.
 3. Come back to this page.
Problems? See general support or ask your question here.
Lisa does London
Watch this video, then click on Exercise 1
Same video with Precise Subtitles
Lisa tells us that she and her friend Andrea actually wanted to go to Paris (not London) on their vacation, but their friends in New York told them that the French don't like Americans. This is why we titled this lesson 16b because it follows lesson 16 concerning the French.
Our filming team during this trip to the UK included a French woman, so the interviewer gets a direct French opinion on the matter, with Lisa, in the video.
This is Lisa's first trip outside of the USA. She's from Staten Island, one of the 5 boroughs of New York City, and has a typical New York City accent.
As you will see, she's really funny.
What does Lisa do back home in New York? She works in Andrea's nail shop.
The expression 'Fingernail art' is a way to explain the best work done in decorating mostly female finger nails as we see here.


You have searched the English word "Into" meaning in Urdu "میں" mein. Into meaning has been search 14242 (fourteen thousand two hundred and forty-two) times till 8/2/2015. You can also find Into meaning and Translation in Urdu, Arabic, Hindi, Spanish, French and other languages.
Into Meaning in Urdu
Roman Urdu
mein, Kehna میں٬ کہنا
Na Qabel-e-Bardasht ناقابل برداشت
Definition & Synonyms
- Into
 1. (prep.) To the inside of; within. It is used in a variety of applications.
 2. (prep.) Expressing entrance, or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts; -- following verbs expressing motion; as, come into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into another; water enters into the fine vessels of plants.
 3. (prep.) Expressing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to the inside, or contents; as, to look into a letter or book; to look into an apartment.
 4. (prep.) Indicating the passing of a thing from one form, condition, or state to another; as, compound substances may be resolved into others which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into vapor; men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance; we may reduce many distinct substances into one mass; men are led by evidence into belief of truth, and are often enticed into the commission of crimesinto; she burst into tears; children are sometimes frightened into fits; all persons are liable to be seduced into error and folly.
 5. (prep.) Indicating insertion; as, to infuse more spirit or animation into a composition.
 6. (prep.) Denoting inclusion; as, put these ideas into other words.
- Intolerantly
 1. (adv.) In an intolerant manner.
- Intolerated
 1. (a.) Not tolerated.


text:
Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease affecting millions of people world wide. Standard treatment is failing to achieve required correction of blood glucose in many patients. Therefore, there is a need for investigating potential hypoglycemic drugs or herbs to improve glycemic control in diabetic patients. Nigella sativa seeds were used as an adjuvant therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 added to their anti-diabetic medications. A total of 94 patient were recruited and divided randomly into three dose groups. Capsules containing Nigella sativa were administered orally in a dose of 1, 2 and 3 gm/day for three months. The effect of Nigella sativa on the glycemic control was assessed through measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood glucose level 2 hours postprandially (2 hPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Serum C-peptide and changes in body weight were also measured. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated usin the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2). Nigella sativa at a dose of 2 gm/day caused significant reductions in FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1 without significant change in body weight. Fasting blood glucose was reduced by an average of 45, 62 and 56 mg/dl at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. HbAlC was reduced by 1.52% at the end of the 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.0001). Insulin resistance calculated by HOMA2 was reduced significantly (P<0.01), while B-cell function was increased (P<0.02) at 12 weeks of treatment. The use of Nigella sativa in a dose of 1 gm/day also showed trends in improvement in all the measured parameters but it was not statistically significant from the baseline. However, no further increment in the beneficial response was observed with the 3 gm/day dose. The three doses of Nigella sativa used in the study did not adversely affect either renal functions or hepatic functions of the diabetic patients throughout the study period.
In conclusion: the results of this study indicate that a dose of 2 gm/ day of Nigella sativa might be a beneficial adjuvant to oral hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetic patients.


You got this.
Image credit: Gpointstudio | Getty Images
Entrepreneur's New Year's Guide
Staff Writer. Covers leadership, media, technology and culture.
5 min read
Few things are more stress-inducing than job interviews. You know you can do the job, you just have to make a good impression and show the hiring manager and the people you'll be reporting to that you have what it takes to be a great team player.
So what can you do to calm your mind and make sure that nerves don't get in the way of a potential opportunity?
1. Know the basics.
"Know the company, know the job, know the job description. Have a five-minute elevator pitch for when they say, 'tell me about yourself,'" says career coach and counselor Eileen Sharaga. "The best way to mitigate anxiety is to be prepared, to understand do you really want this job? Are you qualified for this job? Is it a real stretch for you?"
Knowing that will help you anticipate what the person on the other side of the table will ask.
2. Practice, practice, practice.
"What we know is that practice helps to support the neural connections in our brain that are associated with [a given] behavior so that your responses sort of become a habit," says career coach and counselor Dr. Cicely Horsham-Brathwaite. "When you are in a situation that has higher stress, i.e., an interview, you are able to more easily respond because you strengthened those neural connections and toward that behavior."
3. Take a step back.
Sharaga says that as much as you might want the job, don't let a sense of desperation creep into your interactions. And if it becomes evident that something is actually a good fit, approach it with care. You don't want to have job hunt again in six months because you didn't listen to your gut.
"Operate like a consultant. You're interviewing them as much as they're interviewing you," Sharaga says. "You want to make sure this is the right fit, that this is the right environment."
4. Self-efficacy is everything.
In psychology, self-efficacy is essentially a person's belief that they are capable and can execute on and accomplish the goal in front of them. Horsham-Brathwaite says that this internal drive can sometimes get lost in the job hunt shuffle, but it's important to hold onto it.
"Be clear about your skill set and abilities. Particularly if you're interviewing for a position that is outside of what you have specifically done before, [have a clear] sense of your transferable job skills," Horsham-Brathwaite says. "Having a deeper sense of confidence helps people to go into the interview being able to communicate that they are a good match and that they belong in that environment."
5. Don't twist yourself into knots.
If all goes well, it's entirely possible that before the process is over you may have interviewed with multiple people at the company over three or four sessions. But if you're finding it to be a slog and having a hard time maintaining the same level of enthusiasm, listen to yourself and try to figure out why.
"When people put everything on a resume, they want to be all things to all people, but it doesn't work that way. Or they want the job so badly they'll play themselves down and say they'll take a lesser salary or lesser job," Sharaga says. "You have to be authentic. You can't fake it."
6. Put your game face on.
You've made it to the big show: in the office, wearing your interview best, going to meet the big decision-makers. Even if you're thrilled about the prospect of joining the company, it can be a long and tiring process. But there are a few simple tricks you can use to stay fresh.
"Utilize the moments of downtime to your benefit. That can be while you're walking from one session to the next and taking some deep, meditative breaths that no one has to [know about to] help calm and center yourself," Horsham-Brathwaite says. "[Remember that] not only are they evaluating you, but you're evaluating them. Are they people that you feel energized around? Or are they people that that may not feel so comfortable and may in fact be draining."
7. Treat every opportunity seriously.
While an informational interview could be just that, three weeks or three months down the line, a real job could materialize. Horsham-Braithwaite recommends approaching that coffee with as much seriousness as a last-round interview. "Interviews at all levels are opportunities for interpersonal engagement and connection."
More from Entrepreneur
Latest on Entrepreneur


text:
North Berwick High School's Health Web.
The pages on
this site contain a range of interesting tasks designed
to help pupils increase their understanding of health and wellbeing.
are used by a variety of subjects across the school to enhance work in the classroom and at home.
our Bodyzone for a wide range of tasks to help you learn how
your body works.
You will also discover what you should and should not do
to take proper care of your body.
After all, it's
the only one you've got!
Our school Health Web includes
a number of Health Challenges on A4 worksheets.
They cover important matters of health and wellbeing and
capture the interest of pupils by the use of quiz-based
exercises in a variety of styles. Click
below to try some out:
above to open the file. If your browser is Google Chrome
you may need to right
click and use 'Save link as' to download
Health care is very important in Britain.
But how much do you know about health care and the
National Health Service?
Your teacher may display the Health Alphabet above on a
Alternatively, you can click on the image to open up the
sheet on this computer. The answers are listed at
Are you easily
you touch a wasp? Even a dead one?
The feeling of disgust plays an important role in
keeping us healthy. Find out how by completing an
online BBC experiment. Click the picture and
follow the instructions carefully.


Sohan's Blog
Things I'm Learning
Are You Still Parsing HTML Element Ids?
To render a list, often times we use repeated HTML elements with a similar template. For example, the search results in is a list of divs, each containing different data in the same template. In a server side, this rendering code is somewhat similar to this:
If you noticed, a product with it's database id = 123 will be rendered inside a div with id="product_123", and similarly div id="product_456" will contain the product with id = 456.
With such ids, we can write JavaScript code that can extract the database id of a selected product to do interesting things, for example:
This is a useful and a common technique. However, in this era of HTML5, we can make use of its custom attributes feature to write a clean JavaScript event handler without the help of parsing. Here's an example:
I will never parse my HTML element Id again. What about you?
nice!, I didt know this function, tks for sharing!


You may also like
problem icon
Just Rolling Round
problem icon
Coke Machine
problem icon
Rotating Triangle
Tilting Triangles
A right-angled isosceles triangle whose two equal sides are 2 units in length is attached at its right-angled vertex to the centre of a square of side 2 units and rotated about this centre point.
This text is usually replaced by the Flash movie.
What can you say about the area of the part of the square covered by the triangle as it rotates?
What happens to this area if the triangle is reduced in size so that its two equal sides are $ \sqrt 2 $ units?
What happens if the triangle is further reduced in size?


oceanography >
Cefas sea temperature and salinity time series
Long-term temperature and salinity observations at 38 coastal stations and a ferry route from Harwich to Rotterdam more information>>
ICES oceanographic data
Temperature, salinity, depth, nutrients, pH, oxygen, chlorophyll for the North Atlantic. Earliest record 1909 more information>>
The mapping of marine seabed landscapes and water column features of UK seas (UKSeaMap)
Coarse resolution maps and data on bathymetry, temperature, salinity, areas of stratification/mixing around the UK more information>>
Channel Coastal Observatory
Wave, tide, topography, hydrography mapping and data for the UK south coast region more information>>
National Oceanographic Database
Global oceanographic data concentrated around the UK mainland more information>>
Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory
Irish Sea oceanographic and nutrient data with the emphasis on the (near) real time more information>>
The North of Ireland Joint Agency Coastal Monitoring Programme
Currently under development but will provide chlorophyll, salinity, temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen data for 14 sites around Northern Ireland's coast more information>>
European Ferry Box
Temperature, salinity, fluorescence, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, collected by an instrumented ferry between Portsmouth, UK and Bilbao, Spain more information>>
System of 'Smart Buoys' instrumented for monitoring a range of physicochemical and environmental variables more information>>
Temperature and salinity data from the globally distributed UK ARGO floats more information>>
Four deep sea moorings collecting temperature, salinity, pressure, current, chlorophyll, sediment trap, nitrate and carbon dioxide data more information>>


is removed from the system and sent to the fluid manufacturer for reprocessing. Low boilers and high boilers are separated by distillation and the recovered heat transfer fluid is sent back to the original user. Reprocessed fluid will usually meet new fluid specifications. Partial fluid volumes can be drained from the system and sent in for reprocessing, allowing continuous operation and eliminating a system shut-down. Reprocessing costs are based on the total quantity shipped and offer significant savings over the purchase of a new charge. Fluid Filtration. The formation of hard carbon or coke particles can lead to the fouling of heat transfer surfaces. By using portable filtration units brought on site, a service team from a fluid manufacturer can remove these particles either while the system is in operation or during a shut-down. On-site filtration saves transportation costs and fluid drainage time and expense. Partial Fluid Change-Out. Replacement of a percentage of the initial fluid charge with new fluid can improve performance by diluting degradation by-products and/or contaminates to within acceptable limits. Often the off-spec fluid that was removed from the system can be returned to the fluid manufacturer for credit, or can be reprocessed, returned, and kept on-site for future make-up requirements. These options can save system downtime and reduce overall heat transfer fluid costs, while maximizing system performance.
Slipstream Thermal Design
By: Gerard Bernaldo, BSME Fluid Specialist Engineer & Michael Damiani, Product Manager – MIL Spec Fluids
HTF System Filter Recommendation
For most heat transfer fluid systems, Radco recommends a slipstream filter configuration. Compared to a direct "in-line" filter system, a slipstream unit does not require complete system shutdown and cooling for general maintenance. Since most heat transfer systems do not have a filter system installed during initial construction, residual inorganics may be present and/or high levels of carbon (or "coke") may have accumulated over time. The initial start up of the filter unit will require continuous monitoring and frequent changing of filter cartridges/bags, making the "in-line" filter system impractical. The slipstream filter design offers an inexpensive and a maintenancefriendly alternative to scheduled fluid replacement or reprocessing. The installation of a slipstream filter unit for preventative maintenance will also save system wear and tear on system components and greatly extend the operating life of the heat transfer fluid. Particulates in heat transfer fluids are caused either by polymerization of degradation/oxidation by-products, or are introduced during system construction and consist of inorganic material such as pipe slag, grit, sand, etc. All heat transfer fluids degrade over time due to thermal stress. These degradation by-products, referred to by most fluid manufacturers as "high boilers" and "low boilers", are molecular fragments formed when the heat transfer fluid's molecular bonds are broken. These fragments can polymerize with other fragments, creating extremely large molecules which in turn lead to the formation of high molecular weight carbon particulates. These particulates are commonly referred to "coke" or "sludge". High and low boilers, carbon particulates, and inorganics have very little of the heat transfer efficiency of the original heat transfer fluid. The presence of high levels of carbonized and inorganic material can cause mechanical problems in the system such as seal and gasket leakage and/or failure, heater tube fouling (decreasing the amount of BTUs transferred to the fluid), and increased pressure drop (due to coking on pipe surfaces). Carbonization in the fluid also specifically affects the fluid's heat transfer properties such as viscosity and density, lowering the heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, the elimination and/or reduction of carbon and organics in the heat transfer fluid will lead to longer periods of time between fluid change-outs, higher fluid efficiency, and decreased downtime required for system maintenance.
Filter Piping Design/Placement
A basic slipstream filter design essentially is a side loop to and from the main heat transfer fluid system return line containing the filter unit. The filter unit (or housing) contains either cartridge-type filter elements or a bag-type filter element. The filter is isolated from the return line by two gate valves, one between the return line and the intake side of the filter, and the other between the downstream side of the filter and the main return line. Located on the main return line, between the filter loop gate valves is a pressure gauge and a throttle valve. A typical filter housing with clean cartridges/bag will create approximately 5 psi system pressure drop. Most "dirty" filter elements create close to 20 psi pressure drop. To maintain consistent fluid flow rates, set the throttle valve to the acceptable level of pressure drop (in this case 20 psi). The filter element should be replaced before the return line pressure gauge reads the maximum acceptable level of pressure, assuring adequate flow through the filter. The slipstream filter unit should be located between the main circulating pump and the heater. This placement will assure adequate pressure and consistent fluid flow through the filter unit. The bulk fluid temperature will be at the lowest temperature at this location, decreasing cooling time required before the filter elements can be replaced. Piping to and from the filter unit should be consistent with the intake and discharge of the filter housing. Most filter housings designed for use in liquid phase high temperature (400oF-600oF) heat transfer systems utilize 1 1/2″ or 2″ flanges. The slipstream unit should be designed to handle from 1% – 5% of the main return line flow. The filter housing and the filter elements should be capable of handling the appropriate system's maximum bulk fluid temperature, even though actual fluid temperature on the pre-heater, post-heat exchanger will be substantially lower. This will assure adequate filter housing/element safety should a temperature excursion occur. We recommend that initially cartridges or bags of 150-200 micron size should be used, gradually reducing to 10-20 microns as conditions permit.
Recommended Filter Suppliers/Manufacturers
Parker Hannifin Corporation 6640 Intech Blvd Indianapolis, IN 46278 Tel: _PHONE_ Liquid Process Systems, Inc. 1025-A Technology Dr. Indian Trail, NC 28079 Tel: _PHONE_
Filtration Systems Division of Mechanical Mfg. Corporation 10304 NW 50th Street, Sunrise, FL 33351 Tel: _PHONE_ / Fax: _PHONE_ Mid-States Engineering & Sales, Inc. 5001 Chase Ave. Downers Grove, IL 60515
Thermal Fluid System Expansion Tank Design
By Robert A. Damiani, Technical Director, Radco Industries An essential component of thermal systems utilizing liquid phase thermal fluids is an expansion tank. This type of thermal system requires an expansion tank for two reasons. First, the expansion tank serves as the safe outlet for the increase in thermal fluid volume due to thermal expansion. Second, the expansion tank provides a mechanism for venting water, incondensibles, degradation by-products and entrained air during startup and operation. Of equal concern in thermal systems operating at 300°F or above is a design that will maintain the temperature of the thermal fluid/atmosphere interface below 300°F to minimize fluid oxidation. In liquid phase thermal systems there are three types of expansion tank designs: 1. Baffled tanks 2. Straight Leg Tanks 3. Flow Through (or "Surge" Tanks)Surge tank designs essentially are tanks serving as a receiver for thermal fluid from the user with the main circulating pump drawing thermal fluid from the bottom of the tank for return to the heater. This design offers no oxidation protection and in fact increases oxidation due to the aeration of the thermal fluid in the tank itself. This is a poor design for extended thermal fluid use but does provide excellent thermal system venting capabilities during startup and extended operation.The baffled tank has three chambers or baffles. As the thermal fluid is heated, expansion of the fluid occurs from the first chamber into the second, and then into the main tank. In a properly sized expansion tank, when a thermal system is properly filled with cold thermal fluid there will be a significant level of fluid in the main baffle. With this type of design, thermal fluid in the main baffle rarely, if ever, co-mingles with hot fluid in the primary thermal system heat transfer loop because of inherent system fluid pressures. The fluid in the main baffle is significantly cooler than in the other baffles, forming a thermal blanket over the fluid in the primary thermal system heat transfer loop materially decreasing degradation of the thermal fluid due to oxidation. As a general rule, in liquid phase thermal systems the expansion tank volumes should be approximately 26% – 30% of the total estimated volume of thermal fluid in the thermal system. The properly sized expansion tank should be approximately 1/4 full at startup temperatures and 3/4 full at operating temperatures.As the thermal system is brought up to operating temperature, the straight leg design allows the expanded thermal fluid to enter directly into the bottom of the main expansion tank by means of a small diameter pipe bypassing the flow-through valves under the expansion tank on the pump suction side of the tank Since the expansion tank is located at the highest point of the thermal system, the bulk of the thermal fluid will flow directly to the heater. Similar inherent fluid pressures as seen in the baffled tank keep thermal fluid in the expansion tank from co-mingling freely with fluid in the primary thermal system heat transfer loop. This type of design does not offer the same oxidation protection as the baffled design and, depending on system temperatures, an inert gas blanket may be required. Excellent thermal system venting may be accomplished by configuring the main line tank bypass valving to run through the expansion tank.
Selecting a Pump for Your Heat Transfer System
By Gerard Bernaldo


text:
The Shadow Patterns course covers:
The three classes of shadow:
- Split ego states
- How each class of shadow must be worked with differently
- The sequential evolutionary steps to resolving shadow issues
- The best techniques to use for each class of shadow and the specific steps in your healing process
- How using a technique that works well for one class of shadow may actually be harmful in working with another class
Every shadow healing technique is usually adaptive to only one class of shadow. In addition, each technique is generally only sufficient for one or two steps along the path of shadow resolution. That path is:
- Aware of symptoms
- Aware of external triggers
- Aware of one's internal process*
- Conscious conceptualization*
Each step has substeps to it and specific ways that help and /or hinder it. The intersection between classes of shadow issues and the sequential evolutionary pattern will give you a comprehensive map for understanding what to do and when to do it in the process of discovering and resolving your shadow.
The recordings of Shadow Patterns include:
- Video and audio recordings of the five teaching sessions and a Q&A session held at the end of the course
- Transcripts of all sessions in PDF format
The price for the recordings is $349. After your purchase is completed you will receive an email with links to download the recordings to your computer. (We don't recommend downloading to a phone or tablet, as they usually don't have enough storage space.)
You'll find it most helpful if you review the recordings before the Shadow Craft course begins, but you can purchase them at any time during the course.
Privacy Notice: This offer is only for participants in the Shadow Craft course who have NOT taken the Shadow Patterns course so please do not share it. Thanks for your support.
Please contact us at _EMAIL_ if you have questions or need assistance purchasing.


text:
When Sense Alerts is enabled, push notifications will be sent to your device whenever the system detects motion. You can enable these notifications to send at all times or only while nobody is at home using the Smart Activation feature.
You need to assign a Primary device to everyone to ensure Sense can properly determine if everyone has left and also enable the People notifications.
- Tap on the Sense icon on the home screen.
- Scroll down to the bottom of the page and open Sense Settings.
- Under Modes and Alerts, slide the Smart Activation toggle to the right if you do not wish to receive alerts while you are home.
- Under the Alerts section, you can set the minimum Time between alerts to either 1 Mins, 2 Mins, 3 Mins, or 5 Mins. This prevents you from getting too many notifications if a motion alert gets triggered immediately after another one.
- Scroll back up to the top of the screen to turn Sense alerts from ON to OFF.
- Open the main menu from the home screen and choose Sense.
- Ensure Motion Detection is on and then tap on the Smart Activation button at the bottom of the screen.
- Slide the Smart Activation toggle to the right if you do not wish to receive motion alerts while you are home.
- Go back to the home screen and tap on the Sense icon.
- Tap on the ellipses next to Sense Alerts and tap On to turn on alerts or Off to turn off alerts.
When are Sense Alert push notifications triggered?
Sense alerts will only be triggered if:
- Sense motion detection is enabled.
- Sense Alerts are enabled.
- If the Smart Activation of alerts has been enabled, everyone has left your home. (all assigned primary devices have been disconnected for 15 minutes or more)
- The motion being detected occurs for at least 2 seconds (5 seconds if pet mode is enabled), within an approximate 10'-13' radius from a motion detection device or SuperPod.
- The minimum time interval since the last alert has been met.