of the singers and piano player.
As it turned out, I framed the static camera too tightly on the pianist and the singer, and paid the price several times when the singer moved off camera. Since HDV captures at 1920x1080 resolution, and I was outputting to DV at 720x480, as the theory goes, I could have framed the stage much more loosely and then zoomed in without losing image quality because the extra resolution is there, waiting to be harvested. You can't do this with video shot in DV without losing quality, because the acquisition and output resolutions are the same.
To test this theory, I zoomed into the test videos with Premiere Pro's motion controls, essentially reframing the video from the HDV and DV camcorders around identical regions in the scenes. This would be analogous to a situation where you framed a stage loosely during shooting, then zoomed in during editing.
Here the results clearly favor the FX1, with the image on the right noticeably clearer. How did this translate in real world tests? Figure 6 shows some results with live footage that confirm the resolution chart tests: the FX1 images are noticeably sharper and produced significantly fewer artifacts.
For example, note the frizziness of the hair in the DV camcorder shot, and the macro blocks in the coat and yellow paper on the right. We also noted many fewer interlacing artifacts in the FX1 footage. Overall, when zooming into the video, the DV camcorder produced artifacts that would likely be noticed by viewers, even if there were no side-by-side comparisons with higher native-resolution source material.
What's interesting about these findings is the realization that when shooting in HDV for SD output, your image gets clearer as you zoom into the image during editing. This means there is no penalty for framing loosely during shooting, and no premium on zooming in to get close-ups, which sounds easy but can be hard to do, especially when your subject is moving around.
When shooting the opera singer, for example, many of my tightly framed close-ups were ruined when the singer stepped out of the framed shot (and we all know how fast opera singers move). If I were shooting in HDV, I could frame more loosely, and then zoom in later in post, actually improving the quality of the video as I zoomed in.
Traditionalists no doubt will argue that you should frame the shot you want, and pay attention to what you're doing. To a certain degree, I can't argue with that. "I can always fix it in post" is textbook videographer hubris. In real-world shoots, however--multiple-camera productions especially--you simply can't be everywhere at once, and shots can get lost or under-maximized. In these instances, the FX1 and HDV can fix many common shooting problems with no loss in visual quality.
Test 3: Chromakey
We tested chromakey for two reasons. First, we wondered if MPEG-2 artifacts in the stream would make a clean chromakey difficult. Second, since fine detail is important to successful chromakeying, we suspected that performing a chromakey at higher resolution might produce better results.
In the center is the HDV clip in CineForm AVI format at 1920x1040 resolution, which produced almost a perfect chromakey. On the right, the FX1 image output in MPEG-2 shows slight jaggies on the face, but nowhere near as much as the DV camcorder footage on the left. Thus it appears that HDV's extra resolution can boost chromakey quality as well.
Interestingly, this is one area where we had to experiment to produce optimal results. For example, you might notice that the shirt on the right looks gray, while the shirt in the middle, from the same source footage, looks blue. That's because we color-corrected the shirt before chromakeying for the full-resolution shot in the middle.
However, color-correcting before chromakeying and outputting at our 16:9 NTSC resolution made the entire image a bit blurry; the blurriness went away when we dropped the color correction. There probably is a workaround to get good color correction at 16:9, but since this wasn't the main goal of our story, we moved on. I'm guessing that the first time I do a real shoot in HDV I'll run into dozens of these idiosyncrasies, and so should you.
Note also that we performed these tests in Premiere Pro, which appears to perform the chromakey on the high-resolution input before scaling and compressing for SD output. While this seems logical, this workflow may vary by editor, so it's impossible to say that all editors will produce better results with HDV footage than with original DV footage.
Test 4: Low Light
In low-light tests, the DV camcorder produced a brighter image than the FX1 in both HDV and DV modes, though it does look a bit faded. Note that we tested the FX1 in a number of low-light situations, including a night shoot of a Christmas parade here in politically incorrect Galax, Virginia. For the test footage compared in this article we used the traditional Ozer Video Lab Lance-Armstrong-Picture-Under-the-Desk diagnostic exercise, with interesting results.
Overall, both the FX1 and the HDV video it produced performed remarkably well, degrading gracefully and exhibiting neither gain noise nor MPEG macro blocks. Thus it appears that there is nothing inherent to HDV (as manifested in Sony's FX1) that produces poor-quality images in low light.
The state of HDV workflow remains primitive. None of the editors we tested could control the HDV camcorder, bucking bronco that it is, which left us to capture live like the good old analog days. Since our testing was mostly for SD output, we did not test writing back to the HDV camcorder, which is also performed in let 'er rip mode without machine control.
Beyond capture, we experienced aspect ratio issues with all SD video produced during our initial tests, which turned circles into ovals and squares into rectangles. With Pinnacle Liquid Edition, the solution was choosing the right presets for both the timeline sequences and the video clips; you can get it working if you make the right selections.
Premiere Pro was equally frustrating until we downloaded Aspect HD from CineForm, which provided both a capture utility and Premiere Pro project preset. Without the preset, you probably won't be able to get your projects working; you can probably get a free download at _URL_. In addition, Adobe has announced a licensing deal for CineForm technology that should lead to a more seamless working environment in the short term.
By the time you read this story, editing in both Edition and Premiere Pro should be better-documented, and more of the workflow pieces securely in place. However, don't assume your editor can capture and/or edit HDV properly until specific support for the format is announced by the vendor.
We tested extensively on Edition, which edits natively in Long GOP MPEG-2, and in Premiere Pro using the CineForm AVI codec, which converts to a more easily edited format (see Stephen Nathans' "From HDV to DVD," _URL_ We'll withhold specific quality and performance results for later stories involving more direct comparison testing, when we'll be more confident that the working conditions we report at press time will look like the ones you'll find when the magazine comes out. That said, I found little difference in either quality or workflow with either system, though our tests were primitive, involving only trimming and chromakey, and differences may emerge under more comprehensive testing.
Once we had figured out the aspect ratio issues, both products worked pretty much as expected. Significantly, we edited both HDV and DV on both Edition and Premiere, and at least from a timeline responsiveness standpoint, found little difference between editing HDV and DV in either program.
Just for the record, we tested Premiere Pro/CineForm on a dual 3.06GHz Xeon Dell Precision 650 workstation while our Edition test station was a dual 3.6GHz Xeon Dell Precision 670 workstation. Both computers were running Windows XP SP2 with 2GB RAM.
Overall, the net/net on the FX1 is that it's an absolute darling of a camcorder. It performed wonderfully in the DV tests we reported in January, and the HDV output created in the testing for this article was remarkable. Once we got over our initial production hurdles with HDV, our tests confirmed many of the marketing claims made by camera and tools vendors.
Though our initial conclusion was to recommend the FX1 primarily as a DV camera, our recent experience with HDV production indicates that the time to move to HDV is now. While the difference won't be as dramatic as the sea change from Hi-8 to DV, the benefits in the short term are very real. When HD-DVD or Blu-ray comes along (which one doesn't matter so much as when), the advantages of HDV will be even greater. Even now, in the SD delivery era, if you're shooting for 16:9 output with the FX1, there really is no reason not to start shooting in HDV mode.
Companies Mentioned in this Article
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A machine learning algorithm to predict crime rates in different parts of the city. The data used is from the San Francisco police department.
Checkout this video:
Crime prediction is a field of machine learning that deals with the use of historical data to predict future criminal activity. This is a relatively new field, and as such there is a lack of standardization in terms of methods and evaluation metrics. This guide provides an overview of the different approaches to crime prediction using machine learning, as well as some tips on choosing the right method for your data.
What is crime prediction?
Crime prediction is the use of machine learning algorithms to predict criminal activity. This can be used for law enforcement purposes, to help prevent crime, or to identify areas that are more likely to experience crime.
How can machine learning be used for crime prediction?
Crime prediction is a complex problem that has traditionally been tackled using human expertise and intuition. However, with the advent of powerful machine learning algorithms, it has become possible to use these methods to automatically detect patterns in data and make predictions about future events.
There are a number of different machine learning approaches that can be used for crime prediction, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. In this article, we will explore some of the most popular methods and discuss how they can be applied to real-world datasets.
What are the benefits of using machine learning for crime prediction?
There are many potential benefits of using machine learning for crime prediction. Machine learning algorithms can analyze large amounts of data more quickly and accurately than humans, so they have the potential to identify patterns that may be difficult for humans to spot. Machine learning can also be used to build models that make predictions about future crime rates, which can help police departments allocate resources more efficiently. In addition, machine learning-based crime prediction systems can offer real-time alerts to law enforcement officials when a crime is about to occur, which could help prevent crimes from happening in the first place.
What are the challenges of using machine learning for crime prediction?
There are a number of challenges that must be considered when using machine learning for crime prediction. First, it is important to have accurate and reliable data. This can be difficult to obtain, especially in areas where crime is prevalent. Second, the data must be cleaned and processed in order to train the machine learning model. This can be time-consuming and difficult, particularly if the data is large and complex. Finally, the machine learning model must be constantly updated and trained on new data in order to remain accurate.
How accurate is machine learning for crime prediction?
How accurate is machine learning for crime prediction?
This is a difficult question to answer, as there is no definitive answer. Machine learning is constantly evolving, and so its accuracy for crime prediction is also constantly changing. That being said, machine learning can be quite accurate for crime prediction if it is used correctly. In general, machine learning algorithms are able to learn from data and identify patterns that humans would not be able to identify on their own. This can make machine learning a powerful tool for crime prediction.
However, it is important to remember that machine learning is not perfect. There are always going to be some inaccuracies when using machine learning for crime prediction. This is why it is important to use other methods (such as human expertise) in conjunction with machine learning. Additionally, it is important to keep in mind that the accuracy of machine learning for crime prediction can vary depending on the specific dataset that is being used.
What are the limitations of machine learning for crime prediction?
There are several potential limitations to using machine learning for crime prediction. One is that machine learning algorithms may not be able to accurately identify all relevant patterns in the data. Another is that the predictions made by the algorithm may not be completely accurate, and may sometimes be biased. Finally, machine learning-based predictions may not be completely reliable, as they can change over time as the underlying data changes.
What are the future directions for machine learning for crime prediction?
The future directions for machine learning for crime prediction are still being explored. Some possible directions include:
-Developing more sophisticated algorithms that can take into account a wider range of factors
-Improving data collection methods to get more accurate and timely data
– Better understanding how machine learning can be used in conjunction with other methods, such as traditional statistical methods
-Expanding the use of machine learning to other types of crime, such as white collar crime
In conclusion, machine learning is a powerful tool that can be used for crime prediction. However, it is important to remember that no prediction is perfect, and that machine learning should be used alongside other methods (such as police work) to help keep communities safe.
In this section, we will provide a list of resources that will be useful in understanding the basics of machine learning for crime prediction.
-Dewey, D. (2017). Introduction to machine learning for criminal justice. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
-Wong, J., & Berglund, J. (2016). A machine learning approach to crime prediction and prevention. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1737. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01737
-Chang, K., & Woo, Y. (2018). Machine learning for crime prevention and detection: A review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(1), 39-64. doi:10.1177/1548088217696009

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Improvising Blues Saxophone
Nick Beston
Item price $29.95 Bk CD:
Improvising Blues Saxophone A practical guide designed intermediate or advanced to enter the world of improvisation. Players will gain more enjoyment from their sax playing, the book demonstrates how to develop improvisational style and learn some of the more advanced techniques Key techniques and styles explained include: basic blues harmony, improvising with scales, chords, rhythms and riffs, sax effects such as glissando, slurps and bends, falls, growling, mutes and harmonics, bebop blues, phrasing, minor blues.


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This article was originally distributed via PRWeb. PRWeb, WorldNow and this Site make no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
SOURCE: ChildCare Education Institute
Online child care training course on Technology and Digital Media in Early Childhood recommends proper media usage and presents ways in which digital devices are reshaping modern childhood education.
Duluth, GA (PRWEB) March 08, 2013
ChildCare Education Institute (CCEI), an online child care training institution, announces the addition of its newest course, The Child's Digital Universe: Technology and Digital Media in Early Childhood to the CCEI online child care training course catalog.
CCEI's new Digital Universe course presents the latest research and recommendations regarding the ever-evolving world of technology and digital media usage, and the ways in which digital devices are reshaping modern childhood and early childhood education.
This course presents top findings and statistical trends regarding children's habits and effects of media usage on development, health, and behavior. Course participants will learn recommended practices from child development experts regarding media usage in the classroom and key NAEYC recommendations regarding technology users in the early childhood environment. Upon successful completion of this course, participants will gain an understanding of the developmental differences affecting young children's responses to media compared to those of older children or adults, what it means to be a good "digital citizen," and appropriate uses of various technologies, and the so-called "digital divide" between various socio-economic groups.
"As we become an ever increasingly technological society, it is important to consider the effects of technology on early childhood development," says Maria C. Taylor, President and CEO of CCEI. "Technology is a great thing that has helped us to advance in many ways. But, it also takes away opportunities to use critical thinking skills and encourages a less active lifestyle. By understanding the technology trends and the effects they have on our children, we can be proactive and create a good technology plan for our children.
CHD103, a three-hour, intermediate level course, is available for purchase through online training enrollment now. Current individual or center-based subscription account holders can enroll in this course at no additional cost.
For more information on ChildCare Education Institute, visit _URL_ or call _PHONE_, Monday – Friday, 8 am – 5pm ET.
ChildCare Education Institute provides high-quality, online professional development courses and programs for educators in a range of child care settings, including family child care, preschool centers, prekindergarten, nanny care, and more. Over 100 English and Spanish child care training courses are available to meet licensing, recognition program, and Head Start training requirements online. Additionally, CCEI offers online certificate programs, such as the Online Child Development Associate (CDA), Online Director Credentials, Early Childhood Credential, state-specific certificates, and more. CCEI is nationally accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC), approved by the International Association for Continuing Education and Training to award IACET Continuing Education Units (CEUs), and authorized under the Nonpublic Postsecondary Educational Institutions Act of 1990, license number 837.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


^n): \operatorname{Supp}(f) \subset M_n^+ \}
Finally let 𝒮 +̲\underline{ \mathcal{S}^+ } the space of all sequences f̲=(f i) iB\underline{f} = (f_i)_{i \in B} with f i𝒮 n +f_i \in \mathcal{S}_n^+ fpr iB 0 ni \in B_0^n with only finitely many entries 0\ne 0.
Axiom 3
reflection positivity
There is a map
*:B 0B 0 *: B_0 \to B_0
with * 2=id B 0*^2 = id_{B_0} that extends to a map
*:BB *: B \to B
*:ii * *: i \mapsto i^*
so that
 1. G i(z)=G i *(θ(z))=G i *(z¯)G_i(z) = G_{i^*}(\theta(z)) = G_{i^*}(- \overline{z})
 2. f̲,f̲0\langle \underline{f}, \underline{f} \rangle \ge 0 for all f̲𝒮 +̲\underline{f} \in \underline{\mathcal{S}^+}
The scalar product f̲,f̲\langle \underline{f}, \underline{f} \rangle is defined as
i,jB,m,n M n+mG i *j(θ(z 1),...,θ(z n),w 1,...,w n)f i(z)¯f j(w)d nzd mw \sum_{i, j \in B, m, n \in \mathbb{N} } \int_{M_{n+m}} G_{i^* j} (\theta(z_1),...,\theta(z_n), w_1,..., w_n) \overline{f_i(z)} f_j(w) d^n z d^m w
Both a Hilbert space and the field operators of the theory can be (re-) constructed from axioms 1, 2 and 3.
TODO: Details
Axiom 4
scaling covariance
The correlation functions satisfy the covariance condition also for dilatations w(z)=e t(t),tw(z) = e^t (t), t \in \mathbb{R}.
Explicitly, the last condition says that
G i(z 1,...,z n)=(e t) h 1+h 1¯+...+h n+h n¯G i(e t(z 1),...,e t(z n)) G_i(z_1,..., z_n) = (e^t)^{h_1 + \overline{h_1} +...+ h_n + \overline{h_n}} G_i(e^t(z_1),..., e^t(z_n))
Given axioms 1-4, the 2-point functions can be fully classified, see below.
Axiom 5
existence of the energy-momentum tensor
There are four fields T μ,ν,μ.ν{0,1}T_{\mu, \nu}, \mu. \nu \in \{0, 1\} with the following properties:
T μ,ν=T ν,μ,T μ,ν(z) *=T ν,μ(θ(z)) T_{\mu, \nu} = T_{\nu, \mu}, \; T_{\mu, \nu}(z)^* = T_{\nu, \mu}(\theta (z))
tT μ,0+ yT μ,1=0 \partial_t T_{\mu, 0} + \partial_y T_{\mu, 1} = 0
T μ,νT_{\mu, \nu} has scaling dimension 2 and the conformal spin ss is restricted by
s(T 00T 11±2iT 01)=±2 s(T_{00} - T_{11} \pm 2i \; T_{01}) = \pm 2
The energy momentum tensor allows us to define two densly defined operators L n,L n¯L_{-n}, \overline{L_{-n}} that both define unitary representations of the Virasoro algebra.
T is holomorphic. Therefore, the operators
L n:=12πi |ζ|=1T(ζ)ζ n+1dζ L_{-n} := \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \oint_{| \zeta | = 1} \frac{T(\zeta)}{\zeta^{n+1}} d\zeta
L n¯:=12πi |ζ|=1T¯(ζ)ζ n+1dζ \overline{L_{-n}} := \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \oint_{| \zeta | = 1} \frac{\overline{T}(\zeta)}{\zeta^{n+1}} d\zeta
are well defined and satisfy the commutation relations of two commuting Virasoro algebras with the same central charge.
primary field
A conformal field ψ i,iB 0\psi_i, i \in B_0, is called a primary field if
[L n,ψ i]=z n+1 zψ i(z)+h i(n+1)z nψ i(z) [L_n, \psi_i] = z^{n+1} \partial_z \psi_i(z) + h_i (n+1) z^n \psi_i(z)
and likewise for z¯\overline{z}.
So, primary fields are the fields whose correlation functions are covariant "infinitesimally" with respect to all holomorphic functions, the "infinitesimal symmetry" expressed in the definition.
The fields are operator valued distributions and cannot be multiplied in general. The possibility of multiplication of fields evaluated at different points and some control of the singularities of this product are part of the axioms of conformal field theory:
operator product expansion
An operator product expansion (OPE) for a family of fields means that there is for all fields and all z 1z 2z_1 \neq \z_2 a relation of the form
ψ i(z 1)ψ j(z 2) kB 0C ijk(z 1z 2) h kh ih jψ k(z 2) \psi_i(z_1) \psi_j(z_2) \sim \sum_{k \in B_0} C_{ijk} (z_1 - z_2)^{h_k - h_i - h_j} \psi_k(z_2)
Here \sim means modulo regular functions.
Axiom 6
existence of associative operator product expansion
The primary fields have an associative OPE.
Many formal calculations of physicists in CFT involving OPE can be justified by using vertex operator algebras, so that vertex operator algebras have become a standard way to formulate CFT.
Any 2-point function satisfying axioms 1-4 has the following form:
G ij(z 1,z 2)=C ij(z 1z 2) (h i+h j)(z 1¯z 2¯) (h i¯+h j¯) G_{ij}(z_1, z_2) = C_{ij} (z_1 - z_2)^{-(h_i + h_j)} (\overline{z_1} - \overline{z_2})^{-(\overline{h_i} + \overline{h_j})}
with some constant C ijC_{ij} \in \mathbb{C}.
2d CFT on surfaces or arbitrary genus
Conformal anomaly
The Liouville cocycle appears when one moves from genuine representations of 2-dimensional conformal cobordisms to projective representations. The obstruction for such a projective representation to be a genuine representation is precisely given by the central charge cc; when c0c\neq 0, one says that the conformal field theory has a conformal anomaly.
CFT in AQFT language
In AQFT conformal field theory is modeled in terms of local nets that are conformal nets.
Full versus chiral CFT
some discussion of full vs. chiral CFT goes here… then:
The following result establishes which pairs of vertex operator algebras can appear as the left and right chiral parts of a full field algebra in the sense of (Huang-Kong 05), etc. (see vertex operator algebra).
Two modular tensor categories CC and DD are said to have the same Witt class if there exist two spherical categories SS and TT such that we have an equivalence of ribbon categories
C𝒵(S)D𝒵(T) C \boxtimes \mathcal{Z}(S) \simeq D \boxtimes \mathcal{Z}(T)
Here 𝒵(S)\mathcal{Z}(S) is the category whose objects are pairs (Z,z)(Z, z) consisting of an object ZSZ \in S and a natural isomorphism z X:ZXXZz_X : Z \otimes X \stackrel{\simeq}{\to}


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|Projects in Scientific Computing: New Understanding of Life and Its Processes|
What do umpires and pathologists have in common? An umpire calls balls and strikes, and a pathologist makes the call on biopsies looking through a microscope at slivers of tissue to decide whether they're malignant or benign. With a good umpire, a pitch off the outside corner is a ball. But the next at bat, even with the same ump, it might be strike three, you're out.
We like to think pathology is different, more of a science, but there's considerable research showing what should come as no surprise: Pathologists are human. The differences between malignant and benign tissue can be subtle. Interpretations are often subjective. A recent study at Johns Hopkins, for instance, found that 2 to 3 percent of diagnoses are either wrong misreading malignant tissue as benign or vice-versa or could have been more accurate, potentially leading to unnecessary or inappropriate treatment.
Can computers help? It's a question that occurred several years ago to Dr. Michael Becich, a pathologist at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. What if you could build a database of accurately diagnosed tissue and do a computerized search to find close matches for an undiagnosed sample? He took his questions to the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center and, a few years later, the progeny of this PSC-UPMC partnership is a still-evolving software method called Computer-Based Image Retrieval. CBIR does essentially what pathologists do when they flip through the pages of a reference book, but objectively, more comprehensively and in a matter of seconds.
"We've developed a tool," says Becich, director of genitourinary pathology and informatics at UPMC, "that allows pathologists to classify microscopic images on the basis of image content. Instead of using text, where you'd go to a database and say show me your images of prostate cancer, for instance, CBIR uses computerized image-classification to create image signatures. For an unknown sample, the image signature then acts as the search key."
The image-search algorithms are computationally intense and require high-performance computing. The aim, emphasizes PSC scientist Art Wetzel, who developed the image-analysis and signature-matching software, is not to replace the training and skill of doctors, but to use technology to provide more information in a more objective manner: "When pathologists get stumped, they go to their shelf and look for examples in a book, but a book has a couple hundred pictures at most. It can't cover the range of examples we can build into a database. Nor is it easy to find matches in a hurry if it's a tough case. We're trying to save search time and broaden the potential choices. There are many situations where a dollar of computing can save much more than a dollar of pathologist's time."
The PSC-UPMC team, which includes pathologists John Gilbertson and Rebecca Crowley and grad student Lei Zheng, who created a web-based user interface, has built an archive of about 120,000 images, representing a wide range of tissue categories muscular, glandular, gastrointestinal, etc. This archive, which is still expanding, is itself an invaluable resource for research and teaching. The images along with associated signatures occupy about a half terabyte (a trillion bytes) in PSC's archival storage, where it shifts as needed between on-line disk and low-cost tape. Using this data, CBIR has shown impressive ability at matching unknown samples to the correct tissue category.
In going beyond classification to diagnosis, the research team has focused so far on prostate tissue, a specialty of Becich. Although grading prostate tissue is notoriously subject to interpretation, CBIR has matched up well with grading by pathologists and has shown its potential to become a widely used tool.
As the most frequently occurring non-skin cancer in American men, prostate cancer is an apt candidate for improved diagnosis. Recent data indicates more than 200,000 new cases each year and more than 40,000 deaths, second only to lung cancer for cancer-related mortality in U.S. males.
Gleason grading, named for the doctor who developed it in the 1970s, is the best available method for evaluating severity and long-term prognosis of prostate cancer. Pathologists examine the tissue under a microscope and assign a number from one through five, one being least severe according to the structural patterns they observe. By adding the two most predominant Gleason grades in a sample, the tissue gets a score between two and 10.
This score is a major factor in treatment planning. The problem, however, explains Becich, is its inherent subjectivity, with research showing a 20 to 40 percent variation when the same samples are scored by different pathologists. Most of this variability comes into play in the range of scores between five and eight, a range often decisive in choosing between surgical removal of the prostate gland or, in more advanced cases, hormonal and chemotherapy.
With CBIR, the major challenge for Wetzel has been to create signatures that define images in a medically useful way. To do this, he implemented a series of image-classification algorithms, some based on coloration, others on mathematical methods which allow the computer to discern image features that often aren't visually apparent. For prostate grading, he turned to a method called "spanning trees" by which, in effect, the software draws lines connecting cell nuclei. The distribution of lengths and angles of these lines correlates to the Gleason grade.
Using this method on tissue samples where pathologists have identified a region of interest within the sample, CBIR achieves 80 percent agreement with Gleason grading by UPMC pathologists, and most disagreements are confined to one grade level. It's difficult to gauge what this means with respect to accurate diagnosis, says Becich, due to the inherent variability in human grading, which means there's no standard: "It's hard to know if we're doing better or worse, until we develop a new, objective scale, but it's clear since pathologists have this 20 percent variability that CBIR can do as well as humans."
"Part of what CBIR offers with prostate grading," says Wetzel, "is putting a stake in the ground and getting an objective evaluation of where the boundaries are between grades. It's not so much that there's always a right or wrong answer; it's that we need a consistent answer."
Wetzel emphasizes that CBIR's ability at Gleason grading at this stage is confined to cases in which a human picks out the region of interest. Though relatively easy for pathologists to do, it's a challenging software problem, and one of the directions of future work: "How do you know which parts of a slide are important? How do you ignore artifacts like torn edges, poor staining, things that people can look at and know immediately to ignore? The things human vision can do automatically are hard to program. We need to move into some of these areas."
With prostate grading, Becich is tracking the results of cases in which CBIR picks out matches using signatures unrelated to the structural patterns of Gleason grading. "We're currently looking at a large number of prostate cases in which we have clinical follow-up to see if CBIR picks out high-grade, poor prognosis tumors better than human grading. One of the possible outcomes is we may be able to provide a grading system that supercedes Gleason at being able to identify more prognostic information."
The PSC-UPMC team sees CBIR as a resource that will eventually work with high-performance networking to provide "telemicroscopy" for pathologists at remote locations, to save time and improve diagnoses. A "differential diagnosis" provided via CBIR would rank matches from a CBIR search to provide a range of choices. "That's the way medicine works," says Becich. "When you get a set of symptoms and signs on a patient, you want to know not only the conditions it most likely represents but also others that may be less likely. Things aren't always what they seem. When you broaden the range of choice, you improve the ability to arrive at correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment."
An Objective View of Cancer
Art Wetzel, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Michael Becich, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
on the Web
Intel Internet Health Division: Dr. Michael Becich.
Advancing Pathology Informatics, Imaging and the Internet.
UPMC Department of Pathology
|References||Arthur W. Wetzel,
"Computational Aspects of Pathology Image Classification
and Retrieval," Journal of Supercomputing 11:
A.W. Wetzel, R. Crowley, S.J. Kim, R. Dawson, L. Zheng, Y.M. Joo, Y. Yagi, J. Gilbertson, C. Gadd, D.W. Deerfield, M.J. Becich, "Evaluation of prostate tumor grades by content based image retrieval," 27th AIPR Workshop: Advances in Computer Assisted Recognition, Washington D.C., Oct. 16, 1998, SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3584, 244-252.
HTML Layout/Coding: R. Sean Fulton
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Revised: August 18,


text: Korean era Wang Xizh's calligraphy books have the largest numbers and the greatest impact. In this paper, I take Korean literatis' inscriptions of Wang Xizhi' calligraphy books as the research object and organize his calligraphy books in terms of the works category. I change the previous practice of just taking inscriptions as the scholars criticized theoretical research evidence, while I start from the inscription to observe the cognition on Wang Xizhi's calligraphy books of Korean literati and literary characteristics of Korean literatis' inscriptions. Out of a kind of "cultural consciousness", Korean literatis recognized the drawback of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy books, which is "can not get the true". Based on this kind of cognition, Korean scholars deeply reflect on its causes and make innovations and efforts in many aspects of theory and practice. According to the Korean literatis' overall investigation of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy books, there are three characteristics which include quoting more, poem instead of inscription, and confucian style. I take inscriptions of Wang Xizh's calligraphy book as an opportunity to observe Korean literatis' cognition of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy books and characteristics of inscriptions. It is very important significance for studying the characteristics of Korean literatis' inscriptions and the calligraphy cultural exchange between China and Korea.


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Analysis on Structural & Material Waterproof
Dec 22, 2020
Technical Analysis on Structural & Material Waterproofing of outdoor LED Lights
About material waterproofing
Material waterproof design of lamps, the use of filler filling glue to insulate waterproof, the use of sealant bonding between the closed structure between the seams, so that electrical components are completely airtight, to achieve the role of outdoor lamp waterproofing.
1) Fill the glue
With the development of waterproof material technology, various types and brands of lamp-specific potted glue constantly appear, for example, modified epoxy resin, modified polyurethane resin, modified silicone and so on. The chemical formula is different, the elasticity, molecular structure stability, adhesion, anti-uV, heat resistance, low temperature resistance, water repugnance, insulation performance and other physical and chemical performance indicators are different.
Elasticity: the collate is soft, the elastic module is small, then the adaptability is better. Among them, modified silicone elastic module is the smallest.
Molecular structure stability: Under the long-term action of UV, air and high and low temperature, the chemical structure of the material is stable, not aging and not cracking. Among them, modified silicone is the most stable.
Adhesion: strong adhesion is not easy to peel, of which modified epoxy resin adhesion is the strongest, but the chemical structure stability is poor, easy to aging cracking.
Water repugnant: indicates the collage's ability to resist water seepage. Among them, modified silicone silicone water repugnant is better.
Insulation: insulation related to product safety indicators, the above several materials of special filling glue are good materials of special potted glue are good.
From the above comprehensive physicolic performance, the performance of modified silicone materials is the best.
2) Seal the adhesive
Sealants are usually tying packaging, suitable for adhesive construction, generally used for wire ends, shell structural parts indirect seam bonding and sealing. Commonly used single-group dispenser, at room temperature and air vapor reaction, natural solidification.
Special attention: some lamp production plants use building neutral curtain wall glue, rather than professional electronic sealant, easy to break down harmful substances, damage lamps.
Certain types of potting gels and sealants in the gel process, will break down a small amount of chemical liquid or gas, such as the lamp beads next to the colloidal decomposition of the lamp beads damage to the lamp beads fluorescent powder, resulting in color temperature drift, or infringe led chip, or decomposition with transparent PC plastic chemical reaction, damage to the PC structure of the substance, and so on. This is a potential hazard in collate applications and must be designed with the colleant manufacturer fully understood of its chemical and physical properties and tested for verification.
Sealant in the lamp shell structure of the bonding seal, the most affected by heat expansion cold shrinkage, especially large lamps, different materials of the line expansion coefficient difference is large, hot expansion cold shrink constantly pulled, very easy to appear cracks. Therefore, the waterproofing ability of the material waterproof design mainly depends on the circuit board filling.
Material waterproof production process is long, 1 irrigation gel solidification cycle needs 24 h, some product design is more complex, even need 2 to 3 irrigation cycle, resulting in a longer shipping cycle, a large number of occupation of production sites, and the production environment is dirty. After colloidal solidification, the product repair is very troublesome.
The structural design of the material waterproof lamp does not need to be too precise, as long as the design reserves the collage potted area, the liquid does not leak, its waterproof performance is very intuitive. Therefore, the material waterproofing process is more suitable for small outdoor lamps, indoor moisture-proof lamps. It is commonly used in low-end and inexpensive public-mode products. Such as soft light belt, small bar lamps, buried lights and other small lamps.
In sum, whether the structure is waterproof or the material is waterproof, for outdoor lamps long-term work stability, low failure rate needs, a single waterproof design is difficult to achieve very high reliability, the potential hidden dangers of water seepage still exist.
Therefore, the design of high-end outdoor LED luminaires, it is recommended to use waterproof technology flexibly, the structural waterproofing and material waterproofing technology to combine the advantages of long-term and short,to ensure the long-term stability of LED circuit work. If the material waterproof design, can be added to the respirator to eliminate negative pressure. And the structure waterproof design, can also consider increasing potted, double waterproof protection, improve the stability of long-term use of outdoor lamps, reduce the rate of moisture failure.


text:
Theories of Altruism
Hedonism: acts of altruism are really selfish acts that benefit the actor
- Emotional satisfaction
- Reduction of negative feelings in the actor
Reciprocal altruism: natural selection favors animals that are altruistic
if the benefit to each is greater than the cost of altruism
- The bystander effect (BE) is a well studied, phenomenon (Darley and Latane and colleagues)
- BE is that people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone.
- Reviews of studies on over 6,000 subjects in a variety of helping situations indicate that subjects who are alone help about 75% of the time, while subjects in the presence of others help about 53% of the time.
- The bystander effect is believed to occur because of diffusion of responsibility – when the responsibility is divided among many, everyone thinks that someone else will help.
Myers, D. G. (2001). Social Psychology (Ch. 18). In D. G. Myers (2001). Psychology (6th ed.) (pp. 643-688). New York: Worth.
Westen, D., Burton, L., & Kowalski, R. (2006). Psychology. Australian and New Zealand Edition. Queensland: Wiley.


1. What's her story? Known as the Enron Whistleblower; Sherron speaks on ethics and leadership around the globe, teaching others how to prevent or spot the next Enron. She'll also tell you what to expect after you speak truth to power. Life after the loaded label, whistleblower, can be very interesting.
 1. What's my best advice now? Why is truth so important? Find out at the Insufferable Truth Blog.
 1. Sherron Watkins testifying in the U.S. House of Representatives on Enron; and speaking around the globe on ethics, leadership and courage.


CANCELLED: Harry Potter tour at the Ashmolean
harry potter
Image as: WA1898.18 Anonymous British, John Dee (1527 - 1608) Image © Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford
What does a real crystal ball look like? Why might you slip a love potion into Gillywater? What is the alchemical meaning behind the names of Albus Dumbledore, Rubeus Hagrid and Sirius Black? Did Elias Ashmole really believe that he could make the Philosopher's Stone?
If you have ever wondered about the history behind the Hogwarts adventures, then this is the tour for you. J.K. Rowling's imagination was fired by the historical myths and magic and on this tour we will look some of the Ashmolean's treasures which illuminate the real-world sources of her ideas. We will look at classical and Renaissance objects to explore some of the ways in which Harry Potter works its magic on the stories and material culture of the past.
This tour will be led by Dr Beatrice Groves, Research Fellow and Lecturer in Renaissance literature at Trinity College, and author of Literary Allusion in Harry Potter.
Free. Booking is essential.


San Diego State Aztecs
This post is part of the APUSH Gameday series.
San Diego State University "Leadership Starts Here" San Diego State University (SDSU, San Diego State) is a public research university in San Diego, California, and is the largest and oldest higher education institution in San Diego County. Founded in 1897 as San Diego Normal School, it is the third-oldest university in the 23-member California State University.
After the athletic teams were established in 1921, media referred to the teams as "Staters" or "professors". The school newspaper tried to encourage "Wampus Cats" during its coverage of the 1923-24 school year. In the fall of 1924, Athletic Director C.E. Peterson urged the students to select a nickname and the school newspaper, The Paper Lantern, invited suggestions. Over the next few issues, names such as Panthers, Balboans and Thoroughbreds were suggested and submitted to a committee of Dean Al Peterson, C.E. Peterson and a student. In 1925, student leaders chose the nickname "Aztecs" over such other suggestions as "Balboans". They felt the terminology was more representative of a southwest image and the selection met with no dissent. In February of 1925, President Hardy gave his formal approval to the "Aztec" nickname and teams adopted that identity within a week.
aztec.png (687×627)
I work the San Diego State Aztecs into my course when I cover the following topics:
From Pangaea to Paradise – The Americas Before European Conquest [1491] Pre-Columbian indigenous populations were not sparsely settled in a pristine wilderness, rather, a vastly more populous and sophisticated civilizations that actively shaped and influenced the land around them .
The Spanish Mission System – "A Wealth of Souls to Harvest"The Spanish clergy, particularly Jesuits and Franciscans, played a critical role in settling the Southwest using the mission system.Over the centuries, this became the most effective means of "civilizing" natives.
APUSH Gameday
This year I decided to work my favorite TV show into my Advanced Placement United States History course. College Football Gameday goes on location Every week the crew from Gameday typically broadcasts from the campus of the team hosting a featured game being played that day and features news and analysis of the day's upcoming games.
While on they were hosting from campus of James Madison University I thought I could have some fun weaving a college's history (founding mascots, and notable alumni) into my curriculum. So it began, I ordered a bunch of College Polo's from using money I made selling resources on my TeachersPayTeachers site. I will be posting info about the colleges I choose to incorporate into my course as we move through the semester.
Gilder Lehrman Study Guides
AP US History Exam Prep
Start building your Toolbox now!
Review the scope of US history with the Gilder-Lehrman online AP US History Study Guide, which follows the AP US History course from 1692 to the present
Watch videos for detailed tips on how to answer the various question formats (multiple choice, short answer, document-based essay question, long essay) and get tips on how to think like a historian.
US History Mission Statement
Here is a fantastic mission statement for an Advanced Placement U.S. History course. These are the words of award winning documentary film maker Ken Burns. I first heard the following quote on a National Constitution Center podcast about Mr. Burn's film Prohibition.
"I am in the business of history. It is the avocation I have chosen to practice my craft of film making. Over the many years of practicing, I have come to the realization that history is a not a fixed thing, a collection of precise dates, facts and events that add up to a quantifiable, certain, confidently known, truth. It is an inscrutable and mysterious and malleable thing. Each generation rediscovers and re-examines that part of its past that gives its present, and most important, its future new meaning and new possibilities.
I am interested in that mysterious power of history, and I am interested in its many varied voices. Not just the voices of the old top-down version of our past, which would try to convince us that American history is only the story of Great Men. And not just those pessimistic voices that have recently entered our studies, voices which seem to suggest that our history is merely a catalog of white crime. I am interested in listening to the voices of a true, honest, complicated past that is unafraid of controversy and tragedy, but equally drawn to those voices, those stories and moments, that suggest an abiding faith in the human spirit and particularly the unique role this remarkable and sometimes dysfunctional Republic seems to play in the positive progress of mankind. That, quite simply, has been my creed, my mantra, the lens through which I have tried to see our shared past, to understand its stories, for more than 30 years". Source Link
Additional U.S. History Resources
Prepare and Perform with History 360
Why History?
I plan on using the following post by Professor Jennifer Burns to get my students thinking about why we study History.
Professor Jennifer Burns
As a history professor, I hope students love my classes so much they decide to declare a major or minor in the subject. Yet if I succeed, I know my students will hear the inevitable question: "History, huh. What are you gonna do with that?"
So I suggest three ways they might respond: a simple answer, a complicated answer and a philosophical answer.
Each lecture, I explain, I will throw a huge amount of information at my students: dates, faces, names of legislation, battles, books economic statistics, etc. Their job will be to sort through this overload and use it to construct meaningful arguments about what mattered most, and why. I will teach them to question their sources, so they are not blind consumers of dubious Internet wisdom. And I will test them on their ability to assess, evaluate and construct interpretations of the past.
All of these skills translate directly into professional competencies. Would you like to be a diplomat? I ask. If you get through the first Foreign Service exam—which will be full of questions about global history and geography—you will be placed in a room with a huge stack of reports, and will have a few hours to reduce these hundreds of pages to a concise several pages. If you've taken a history course, you will already have done this for the research paper and final exam. Do you want to go into business, be a consultant or an analyst? Again, you're going to find yourself with a stack of reports, or an entire industry to research and a summary due. And you'll be promoted based on the boss believing she or he can trust you to have selected out the most important information, overlooking nothing relevant, yet presenting it all in a pithy and readable format.
All the data are clear on this point: history majors earn comfortable salaries, with most closing the gap with professional majors by peak earning years. History majors are actually more likely get into medical school than science majors. And they emerge as leaders in their fields because they are comfortable with the big-picture thinking and long-term vision that the study of history cultivates.
Not sure what kind of job you want? This is where the more complicated answer comes in, for a history major is training for jobs that do not yet exist. The simple fact is that most Stanford students will end up crafting their own roles and responsibilities in the workplace, rather than fitting themselves in like cogs to a machine. To do this, they'll need boldness, creativity and imagination. And they can foster those habits of mind and being by thinking deeply about change, continuity and the radical instability of the present moment.
Studying history underscores the way the future unfolds out of the past. It teaches students to sense possibilities where they can't yet be seen, and in so doing makes it possible to chart a path into the unknown. Looking at history, you'll understand how new industries emerge and will be able to craft a career path that intersects with the emerging economy of tomorrow.
History also teaches students to appreciate and navigate complexity and change. Studying the past helps students develop judgment, for it puts before them a panoply of human folly and achievement that can help guide them in unfamiliar terrain. Young people learn that the best laid plans often go awry; that human emotions can prove the driving force of history; that unintended consequences are the rule more than the exception; and that injustice is both real and terrible and can be changed by the actions of a dedicated few. All of this creates a supple intellect that can respond to new situations with ease, confidence, and creativity. And it is superb preparation for the customized careers students will craft out of an unknown future.
And then there is the philosophical answer to "why history?": that historical knowledge is a good unto itself, and we don't need to "do" anything with it, other than to use it to see the world in a different way, to appreciate its richness and variety. That is particularly true in courses on modern America, where we do a slow slide into the present. In the last few weeks of the course, I tell students, things will start looking more and more familiar. But they will also look different, because now they'll know where everyday features of the present—from the vote to the personal computer—came from, and thus understand their true meaning and significance.
I turn to T.S. Eliot for a concluding coda


text: Energy prices, supply uncertainties, and environmental concerns are driving the United States to look towards renewable resources for energy needs. One U.S. Department of Energy campaign is to expand wind energy to meet 20% of U.S. energy needs. To reach this level, wind farms will continue to be integrated into the landscape. Wind farms convert wind's kinetic energy into electricity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) altering the flux of momentum, moisture, energy, and mass. The increased turbulence mixes air aloft to the surface altering near surface meteorology and surface fluxes. The removal of kinetic energy from the wind field alters the way boundaries, which are driven by the winds, propagate in and near winds farms. Boundaries approaching wind farms experience decreased convergence ahead of the boundary allowing them to advance more quickly. Likewise, boundaries moving away from wind farms are slowed due to the decrease of winds behind the boundary.


The Grammarphobia Blog
Bullies and bulldogs
Q: I came across someone who wonders if "bullying" has something to do with "bulldogs." Is there anything to this? Or is it just bull?
A: It's just bull, though the paths of the two words did cross at least once (more on this later).
"Bullying" and "bulldogs" aren't etymologically related. In fact, the word "bully" had nothing to do with what we now think of as "bullying" when it entered English in the 1500s.
The noun "bully" was originally "a term of endearment and familiarity" similar to "sweetheart" or "darling," according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Although it was initially used for both men and women, the OED says, it was "later applied to men only, implying friendly admiration: good friend, fine fellow, 'gallant.' "
The origins of the word are fuzzy, but the dictionary suggests that it might have come from boel or buole, Dutch or Middle High German terms for a lover.
The earliest Oxford citation for the usage is from A Comedy Concernynge Thre Lawes, of Nature Moses, & Christ, Corrupted by the Sodomytes, Pharysees and Papystes (circa 1548), a morality play by John Bale, an Anglican bishop:
"The woman hath a wytt, / And by her gere can sytt, / Though she be sumwhat olde. / It is myne owne swete bullye, / My muskyne and my mullye." ("Muskyne" and "mullye" are obsolete terms of endearment.)
Here are a few examples from Shakespeare's plays:
"From my hart strings I loue the louely bully." (Henry V, c. 1600.)
"What saiest thou, bully, Bottome?" (A Midsummer Night's Dream, c. 1600.)
"Blesse thee my bully doctor." (The Merry Wives of Windsor, c. 1602.)
In the late 1600s, the term "bully" came to mean a "blustering gallant" or a "swashbuckler," according to the OED, though it now generally means "a tyrannical coward who makes himself a terror to the weak."
It's impossible to tell from the dictionary's examples when the swashbuckling sense of the noun evolved into the tyrannical sense.
But the verb "bully," which showed up in the early 1700s, was initially used in both the blustering and tyrannical senses—or, as the OED defines it, "to act the bully towards; to treat in an overbearing manner; to intimidate, overawe."
The OED's earliest example for the verb is from Samuel Palmer's Moral Essays on Some of the Most Curious and Significant English, Scotch and Foreign Proverbs (1710): "His poor neighbour is bully'd by his big appearance."
And here's an example in Google Books of the noun used in the tyrannical sense, from Tobias Smollett's 1775 novel The Expedition of Humphry Clinker:
"Then, it must be owned, he wants courage, otherwise he would never allow himself to be cowed by the great political bully, for whose understanding he has justly a very great contempt."
As for the noun "bulldog," it first showed up in the mid-1700s. (The OED has a questionable 1518 citation that refers to "two bolddogges," but it's unclear whether the animals were actually bulldogs.)
The dictionary defines the noun, which it hyphenates, as "a dog of a bold and fierce breed, with large bull-head, short muzzle, strong muscular body of medium height, and short smooth hair."
Oxford says the name of the dog is derived from the words "bull" and "dog." Why a bull? Because the dog was once used in bull-baiting—a "sport" in which a dog would lock its teeth onto the snout of a tethered bull.
The first clear "bulldog" citation in the OED is from a 1752 essay by David Hume: "The courage of bull-dogs and game-cocks seems peculiar to England."
The adjective "bully" (meaning admirable) showed up in the late 1600s. We discussed this usage in a blog post several years ago about the term "bully pulpit."
In the late 1800s, the adjective was also used to describe someone who looked like a bulldog—this is where the paths of "bully" and "bulldog" crossed.
The OED's sole example of the adjective used this way is from Mary Elizabeth Braddon's 1883 novel Phantom Fortune: "Angelina is bully about the muzzle." (Angelina is a fox terrier.)
Although the usage hasn't made it into the OED or standard dictionaries, many dog rescue groups use the term "bully breeds" to refer to such breeds as the American Staffordshire terrier, bull terrier, bulldog, and bullmastiff.
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thus recalling effects without having to reconstruct them.
- add the ability to name and save configured tools, and the user will have a cross-document, visual and lexical record of unique ways a tool has been constructed and applied.
Relational concepts can be extended to a program's forms.
Page layout programs that handle picture frame and text frame placement must deal with various offset parameters. Pictured are two approaches to establishing a runaround and a margin (frame offsets established from the outside-in and inside-out respectively).
PageMaker's15 icon based dialog box approach is simple and intuitive. It portrays the interrelationship between runaround and margin. Pick the right runaround icon, and the available margin icons show up.
PageMaker's icon based runaround dialog box.
Quark XPress' more versatile runaround tool is simple and clean. However, it does not relate runaround to frame margins. Frame margins are established elsewhere.
Quark's runaround dialog box.
What are the disadvantages of these forms?
- Both approaches are modal (each form covers the document, can't be moved, and must be dismissed before you can see the results), both take up a lot of room. Neither can easily be extended to other offset features, such as frame-specific traps/spreads, which may be built into future product versions.
- Neither allows the user to affect multiple selected objects, to change unit measures individually, to incrementally modify one or all object offsets by a specific amount, to check to see if more than one objects have the same offset, to reset offsets to the same amount, in short to view and change offsets contextually.
Relational Forms
Quark XPress 3.0's Measurements Palette;, is a relational portent of forms to come. An interactive form, the palette reflects the characteristics of the currently chosen object(s). Nonmodal, its horizontal profile can be unobtrusively placed beneath highlighted objects.
Quark's Measurements Palette: An interesting testament to the relational approach is that users introduced to page layout through XPress 3.0 tend to rely on this form exclusively (and not go to the menu to access its modal object modification forms).
FrameMaker's16 Character Format and Paragraph Format dialog boxes provide similar functionality.
Applying similar principles to a runaround and margin offset form might result in the following. A modular form of this sort could easily be extended to show chokes and spreads.
This relational form permits the software designer to add interactive modules as more capabilities are added. The user can display selected extensions or portions of each extension (Show & Margins All Sides) on the document using colored guidelines. Within the form, the user can change selected dimensions, change unit measures, and lock or incrementally change dimensions (notice the arrows replacing the locks). (Note: the question mark indicates a dimensional disagreement among the selected set of objects. A more verbose form might show a range of dimensions.)
Tied to an interactive set of colored guidelines surrounding selected text frames this approach gives the user the option of changing attributes to each frame individually directly on the active page or absolutely/incrementally en-masse through the relational form.
Other Relational Forms
Nisus' search/replace form permits the user to set and view character attributes directly on the form.
Nisus search/replace function includes relational facilities ("or") and permits the user to incorporate different type styles, sizes, colors, and modes directly on the form. The word "time" appears jaggy because it connotes "any font."
Graphic relational forms include Digital Darkroom's form suite. Its Paste Control form interactively affects combined images as they are being applied and teach as well as demonstrate the complex interaction of selected colors and feather and dissolve settings as they apply to replace, blend, darken and lighten procedures.
Menus--once single level multi-button pulldowns permanently attached to menu bars--now can appear beneath dialog box buttons, application tools, and window widgets and borders; can cascade into sub-sub items; and can tear away to coexist on-screen as non-modal forms. Sensitive to screen edges and limited in cascadable depth, Apple-approved menu functionality is designed to be easy to understand and ergonomically stable enough to easily operate.
Depending on the application, menus, or menu pulldowns may change depending on currently selected objects and tools. Menus that change in unexpected ways can be disarming to the inexperienced operator.
Menu items tend to be recalled often. If those items are at the end of a long dropdown or hanging off a long cascading menu branching up from the long dropdown they can be difficult to repeatedly access. Menu entries calling up complex dialog boxes could allow entry sets to be named and cascaded from that menu item. A macro could assign a keycode to the item but that might require recoding another keyboard assignment or remembering an obtuse code. Relational menus could position recent selections on a new menu or alternate the existing menu configurations by stacking items based on frequency of use or last-up top-of-stack fashion. Of course, restacking could destroy a carefully designed and sorted menu. But if the interface split each menu item into a left, center, and right button area the user could have the choice of:
- left: accessing past menu choices (or past named dialog boxes),
- center: selecting a default entry, (or the standard dialog box) or
- right: selecting from the expected arrangement of sub-menu items (or the full set of named dialog boxes).
Digital Darkroom's visually consistent set of interactive forms affect the window image or selected image areas to preview visual effects.
The cascading "Font" menu reflects the full range of choices to the right and a chronological font selection to the left. The center could be used to select a default entry (indicated by the "*" next to Times)
The "Type" menu allows access to the standard dialog box or to a sub-menu of named Type designations.
Notice the horizontal lines next to Geneva and Palatino fonts. This is the relational device Apple's System 7.0 uses to designate multiple selections within the currently active area.
Relational menus could shrink the main menu to include only designated and previous choices or provide the user with a limited set of options that related directly to the task at hand. Such menus, could make menuing more efficient by reflecting what had been done to date.
Command Line Descriptions
As programs and environments get more complex, they are employing command line descriptions of some sort. Either tied to the cursor or appearing on a specified screen position these context sensitive titles, descriptions, and instructions serve to alert, name, describe, or instruct relative to currently active items. Apple's System 7.0 has added context sensitive Help bubbles to explain any item you point to with the cursor.
MiniCAD's smart cursor is a relational tool that describes and suggests.
The Sensitive and the Sensual
A graphical interface can communicate through digital or analog means.
If you consider interface a means of conveyance--a way of getting from here to there--and you compare interface tools to a railroad, digital is to analog as each staccato rail tie is to the source-to-destination rail line. Specifically, digital is how you construct, reconstruct, and remember--it's the parts that eventually make up the whole. Analog is how you enjoy--it's the whole expressed in parts. Walk alongside the tracks, dissecting every step of the journey and you're concentrated on the digital; travel the tracks by train and your senses are immersed in the analog.
Computers define reality digitally, using on/off logic. Software that emphasizes input by the numbers, numerical increments, ±, <, >, extend this digital logic to their interface. But showing a digital face is as much a matter of choice as using numbers rather than hands on an electronic watch. Interfacewise, digital and analog are two sides of the same coin.
Digital interfaces subtly affect the way we relate to reality. Digital interface provides precision and accuracy at the expense of contextual richness and relative understanding. Its effects aren't limited to the computer. Listeners can lose hard to find stations when they're forced to step through frequencies rather than tune-in stations. The implied message "It's just about quitting time" loses some of its timbre when your digital watch indicates "4:43" rather than showing a "about quarter of..." minute hand creeping toward the appointed hour. Gas pumpers trying to get the best of their local oil conglomerate no longer can get that tiny feeling of accomplishment by inching the gas meter up to the hairline below $5.01.
But the digital approach also has its advantages. The touch tone telephone takes less effort, is faster, provides more feedback, is more personal and secure, and is easier to build and customize than the dial model.
Analog interface alternatives have a more relational feel. And relational interfaces, because they relate to wholes rather than sift through parts--have a distinctly more sensual feel. They communicate a flow. Analog devices provide the tactile undercurrent that makes a friendly looking interface a friendly feeling interface.
As construction devices, interfaces that show objects with handles that can be stretched and shrunk may not be as precise as their key-in counterparts but relate much better to the person doing the constructing. Analog progress indicators include animated expanding and shrinking windows, turning balls, filling/emptying gauges, scrolling bars, etc. These devices move to indicate something is happening, and fill to indicate--in relative terms--the process is moving toward a goal, and it's approaching completion. Their digital counterparts--word lists, number countdowns, percentage readouts, -- may be the real grist of the mill, but are often as irrelevant to the task at hand as continually counting our heartbeats is to staying alive.
Which is not to say that--in the proper context--digital readouts can't be valuable adjuncts or


text:
Life is strange at the moment. Most of us are stuck inside, twiddling our thumbs waiting for something to do. One could, in theory, find something very exciting to do like learning a new skill or doing a puzzle with family. Those things do get boring after a while, so here are five mundane things to do when you get tired from all the excitement.
- Watch Paint Dry
A tried and true classic! If you have walls that need to be painted, or even if you don't, find a wall and paint it. Once you're finished grab your favorite chair, set it in front of your freshly painted wall, and sit in silence as you watch your wall slowly dry. You could, if you wish, think about all the good times you had back before you were stuck in self-isolation. You could also think about why you're sitting in front of a wall watching paint dry, but I recommend not going down that path.
- Watch Grass Grow
This activity is almost the same thing as watching paint dry, but now you're outside! Go to your backyard, or your front yard if you're feeling saucy, lay down and watch those green plants grow. I do not recommend doing this after it has rained for obvious reasons. If you don't have grass you can watch a house plant. While doing this you can think about times when you could go places that weren't the grocery store. You could also, much like watching paint dry, think about why you're staring at grass, but again I do not recommend it.
3. Over Analyze Your Favorite Movies
Why watch something new when you can watch and judge the same movies you've watched for years? With all the streaming services available, the selection of movies is almost endless, but don't let that stop you from watching the Star Wars movies for the millionth time. After watching these movies numerous times you start to notice plot holes and things that just don't quite make sense. You could write down your overanalyzations in a notebook, keeping track of the things you have already noticed and adding new things until you potentially ruin the movie. Once this has been accomplished, you can move on to your next favorite movie and start the process over again. If you wish to fill up the notebook faster you can watch movies that you hate.
4. Remember Every Embarrassing Thing You've Ever Done
Everybody has done at least one embarrassing thing in their life, so why not reminisce on the things that make you blush or openly sigh. It can be difficult, but the options for fun activities are slim, so why not take a trip down an awkward memory lane. You can even share them with your friends and make a game out of it or you can lay in bed at night and think about how you didn't learn how to ride a bike until high school. That is just an example, and definitely not a true fact that keeps me awake at night.
5. Sit In Awkward Silence with Family Members
This one is for those college students who had to abruptly move home. In some cases, you don't really know what to talk about. You probably can't tell them stories about all of the fun nights out you had. So, you sit there in silence, waiting for one of your family members to say something, anything to fill the void of silence. You can try talking about how each other's days went, but it will likely be the same answer they gave yesterday. Eventually, the conversation fades and the room is sucked back into silence. If you're feeling adventurous, you can try to ignore the silence by thinking about all of the embarrassing things you've done.


Leicester attacked by Prince Rupert
(71 words)
Historical Context Note
Prince Rupert of the Rhine, King Charles' nephew, made his attack on Leicester at the end of May 1645 primarily as a divisionary tactic. The Parliamentarians had attacked Oxford, one of Charles's strongholds, and Rupert decided to attack the Midlands town of Leicester to draw forces away from Oxford. The Royalists used their artillery to bombard the city walls, and after successfully breaching the walls, they took the city with little difficulty.
Related Groups
 1. English Civil War


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In chemical manufacturing, explosive atmospheres that contain flammable gases, mists, vapors, or combustible dust are common. A sufficient concentration of these substances, mixed with air and an ignition source can cause an explosion. Nilfisk ATEX-certified industrial vacuum cleaners are highly valued by companies dealing with this type of hazard.
They can be an important part of compliance with EEC Directive 89/391 (1989) on the implementation of measures to improve health and safety at work and they reduce the risk of explosions.
Benefits & Advantages
- Total safety
- Top efficiency
Collecting explosive dust
ATEX-certified machines for explosive dust
Nilfisk produces a wide range of ATEX-certified industrial vacuum cleaners, high-powered vacuum cleaners, pneumatic conveyors and
centralized vacuum systems designed to meet the strictest safety standards.
.In the presence of gas, Nilfisk ATEX-certified vacuum cleaners trap dangerous dust and expel the gas from the outlet. (The user should consider whether it is appropriate to install ducts to pipe gas from the outlet out of the environment.)


1.2. What's technically possible
GNUstep GUI framework permits to have basic icons support. More complex GNUstep icons support is based on the IconKit framework. IconKit handles icons either vectorial or bitmapped (with size varying from 16*16 to 64*64) with eight bits alpha channel, and by using antialiasing and interpolation IconKit is able to scale icons smoothly. IconKit permits other advanced things like on the fly icons badging/compositing.
It is advised to use the IconKit framework, as it will help you creating your icons and managing them.


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The Waxman-Markey Bill is pretty bad, but it could have been a lot worse:
The citizen suit provision was set forth in Section 336 of the discussion draft version of ACES [Waxman-Markey], and it would have given environmental groups and other activists standing under the Clean Air Act to "commence an action" when someone has "suffered, or reasonably expects to suffer, a harm attributable, in whole or in part, to a violation or failure to act referred to in subsection (a)." Harm under this section was defined as: "For purposes of this section, the term "˜harm' includes any effect of air pollution (including climate change), currently occurring or at risk of occurring, and the incremental exacerbation of any such effect or risk that is associated with a small incremental emission of any air pollutant (including any greenhouse gas defined in Title VII), whether or not the risk is widely shared."
Wow, would this create an absolute litigation circus or what? By current anthropogenic greenhouse gas theory and under the actual text above, one could get sued for breathing. (via Overlawyered)


Relationship between alcohol drinking and erectile dysfunction
relationship between alcohol
relationship between alcohol
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The relationship between alcohol drinking and erectile dysfunction is scientifically proven.
All scientific studies have shown that all men will one day have erectile dysfunction; this can be due to many factors. Usually, these are age-related problems and a drop in testosterone levels. but they can also result from prostate disease, for example.
If you are looking for a common way to treat erectile dysfunction
It is usually a sexual breakdown in younger men due to stress or factors such as diet, smoking, or alcohol. We must be cautious with alcoholic beverages that can have a disinhibiting effect, but which have dire consequences in the medium and long term on the quality of erections. Therefore it may be interesting to find solutions to combat these disorders.
testosterone levels
testosterone levels
Also Read :- Effects of drugs on pregnancy
The real impact of alcohol on male sexuality.
According to the World Health Organization, more than 50% of erectile dysfunction is cause by excessive alcohol consumption. However, young men tend to think that this will make it easier for them to have sex. as they are less anxious because the effect of alcohol makes it easier to feel more relaxed with their partner.
The problem is that you regularly drink too much alcohol
which, like tobacco, will affect your liver and all the nerves and arteries that supply your sex during erection. Also your semen's quality will suffer, and you will produce less sperm, resulting in weak and pressureless ejaculations.
Erectile Dysfunction: What it Is and How to Start with Treatment Super p Force himsedpills This is due to a decrease in testosterone levels due to regular alcohol consumption. Beyond these physical symptoms, erectile dysfunction patients often experience loss of self-confidence and, in some cases, severe depression.
ALSO READ How to Maintain a Good Hygiene During Summer
TheOneSpy Protecting Lives & Removing Social Dangers
Solutions to avoid erectile dysfunction problems when drinking alcohol.
First of all, as with any problem, it can be easily solved when taken on time. So if a man under 30 wants to avoid more frequent sexual crises. it is enough to reduce his alcohol consumption and avoid excesses in this area. especially if this is combin with smoking or cannabis smoking.
This will be much more difficult if alcohol consumption is regular, and the patient suffers from alcoholism. This pathology must necessarily be treat with the consultation of a doctor specializing in addictions and. above all, try not to aggravate the situation. People in their 30s, due to alcohol. already have erections equivalent to those of a 70-year-old man.
It may be interesting to take some herbal supplements (Tribulus Terrestris and Tongkat Ali) to help you regain a good erection and maintain it for longer. Viagra or Spedra pills can also help but require a prescription.
If you are still young or of a certain age, consider maintaining your health balance. It is essential to know that sexuality can be good until the age of 90 if you learn to respect specific rules and to lead a healthy lifestyle. Avoid alcohol and tobacco abuse and exercise regularly, avoiding being too passive.
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Question: Do Saltwater Crocodiles Eat Sharks?
Can a lion kill a crocodile?
The protective females instinctively leapt into action to fend off the aggressive predator..
What animal can kill an elephant?
Do sharks attack saltwater crocodiles?
Nifong also scoured the literature for accounts of sharks clashing with other crocodilians. … But in many cases the crocodilians were the prey, from great white sharks preying on American crocodiles in Colombia, to tiger sharks eating estuarine crocodiles in Australia.
Why do crocodiles eat humans?
Which animal can kill tiger?
Why do crocodiles cry?
Can a crocodile kill an elephant?
Although elephants are very unusual prey for Nile crocodiles, the 20-foot-long (6-meter-long) reptiles will occasionally ambush and take down large animals—including dozens of people annually, experts say. (Related: "Ancient Horned Crocodile Found—Ate Early Humans?")
Can a killer whale kill a great white shark?
In October 1997, tourists in a whale-watching boat off the Farallon Islands, near San Francisco, witnessed two killer whales attack a great white shark and consume its liver. It was, at that time, the first documented sighting of killer whales eating white sharks.
Do crocodiles swim in the ocean?
Although the crocodiles spend most of their life in salt water, they are not considered marine animals as they rely on land for food and water.
Do saltwater crocodiles eat humans?
What animal kills the most humans per year?
Is it safe to swim with alligators?
How do you kill a crocodile?
Can a great white shark kill a saltwater crocodile?
Keep in mind, the bull sharks are significantly smaller than the crocodiles, and live closer to land. A similar sized Great White would be a much harder prey in deeper water, and combined with its speed and bite, the Shark may even kill the Crocodile instantly. Therefore, Shark wins, at parity.
Can a crocodile kill a tiger?
What is the deadliest animal in the world?
How do Crocodiles kill humans?
Historically, crocodile attacks are 100 times deadlier than shark attacks—and far more frequent—ranging from harrowing individual confrontations to a mass attack on World War II soldiers. A crocodile's jaw crushes down on its victim with 3,700 pounds per square inch of force.
Are Crocodiles worse than sharks?
But according to wildlife ecologist James Perran Ross of the University of Florida, officials estimate that crocs kill about 1,000 people per year — 100 times more than the 10 people sharks kill per year. Here's why crocodiles are much deadlier than sharks. … Crocodiles attack to kill and will pretty much eat anything.
Are there saltwater crocodiles in America?
What animals eat humans?
Do saltwater crocodiles have any predators?
Though they have few natural predators, saltwater crocodiles have been hunted for many decades by people. Their eggs and meat are eaten, and their skin is particularly valuable for use as a material for bags, shoes, and other goods.


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Besides obscuring the stars, light pollution can also disrupt the reproduction of light-sensitive animals. French scientists have shown that light pollution can override the natural reproductive cycle of some animals, making them sexually active out of season.
"The natural light/dark cycle allows living organisms to time a variety of behavioural and physiological rhythms, including migration, accumulation of reserves, dormancy and reproduction" explains Thomas Le Tallec (PhD Student, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France), who led the study. "We postulate that chronic exposure to light pollution could impact the human reproductive function as well. Night work and artificial light are associated with menstrual irregularities, decreased fertility, spontaneous abortions and pre-term births. However, this is only a hypothesis and rigorous studies are needed."
Mouse lemurs were chosen for the study as their reproductive cycle is highly sensitive to day length. In winter, male lemurs are sexually inactive and the testes are not visible. In summer, when there is light for more than 12 hours each day, the males become sexually active, with fully functioning gonads. Over five weeks in midwinter, the researchers placed sexually inactive male lemurs inside special climate chambers, where the level of light was controlled by fluorescent lamps. In the control group, the level of light at night was set to only equal that of the full moon. The second group were exposed to yellow LED lights to mimic streetlights. After only two weeks, the light-pollution group had considerably larger testes and higher levels of testosterone than the control group.
These effects are thought to be caused by melatonin, a light-sensitive hormone which regulates mammalian reproduction. Melatonin can only be produced in darkness so that in long-day breeders, such as mouse lemurs, high melatonin levels in winter normally repress sexual activity. When darkness is broken by light pollution, however, melatonin production is inhibited. Consequently, the lemurs subjected to light pollution showed significantly lower concentrations of melatonin. Similar observations have been seen in female mouse lemurs, where light pollution caused sexually-inactive individuals to enter the oestrus cycle. Besides this, light pollution also affected the lemurs' daily activity pattern. As nocturnal animals, lemurs normally become active at night, however light pollution caused this to be delayed and for the animals to be active for much shorter periods.
Anthropogenic light pollution could potentially be mitigated by using directional light sources and low-reflective coatings. Thomas Le Tallec adds that "By reducing air pollution we can reduce the scattering of light in the atmosphere and thus reduce light pollution."
This research was presented at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Meeting 2014 held at Manchester University, UK, from the 1st - 4th of July.
Materials provided by Society for Experimental Biology. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Cite This Page:


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The Old Ursuline Convent
The Old Ursuline Convent is the oldest building in the Mississippi Valley. Constructed by French Colonial Engineers under the auspices of the crown, the convent was designed in 1745 and completed in _PHONE_. Over the centuries, this building has been a convent for the Ursuline nuns, a school, an archbishop's residence, the archdiocesan central office, and a meeting place for the Louisiana Legislature. Later it served as a residence for priests serving mainly the Italian community. and then housed the Archdiocesan Archives. Today, together with the St. Louis Cathedral, it forms the Catholic Cultural Heritage Center of the Archdiocese of New Orleans.
Visit us on


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The issue of teacher preparation continues to occupy academic discourse relating to student outcomes and student achievement (Stronge, Ward & Grant, 2011). Research has supported the view that there is an inextricable connection between student outcomes, quality of teaching and teachers, and teacher preparation (Darling-Hammond 2005; Grover 2002). Similarly, theories about students' self efficacy beliefs (e.g. Bandura, 1977; Dweck, 2000) and Institutional Habitus (Bourdieu, 1977) have been advanced in relation to students' study experience, motivation and coping mechanisms. Using data from a focus group comprising 30 third year students enrolled in a four year teacher training pogramme in Jamaica, this paper discusses student-teachers' concerns about their training. The main findings from this small scale exploratory study indicated that student teachers' concerns were about the quality of teaching and teachers, curriculum organisation, content and delivery, and resources.
Roofe, C. G.,
& Miller, P.
"Miss, I Am Not Being Fully Prepared": Student - Teachers' Concerns About Their Preparation at a Teacher Training Institution in Jamaica.
Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(5).


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Early research by Julian Leff at the Institute of Psychiatry and David Goldberg at UCLA on schizophrenia focused on the role of "expressed emotion" in families. They coined this term to essentially describe a negative and critical communication style that appeared to characterize many of the families who had members suffering from schizophrenia.
The results from their early studies were indeed impressive. Patients who lived with family members who were overly critical of them and had a negative communication style relapsed more often and quicker.
These results have been replicated across almost all major mental disorders (except one)*, and of course bipolar disorder. Patients with bipolar disorder actually have the highest sensitivity levels to expressed emotion/criticism.
Interestingly enough, other research by Elizabeth Kuipers at the Institute of Psychiatry has indicated that the levels of expressed emotion are best predicted by the degree of "perceived responsibility" of the person who is most critical. In other words, people who may care most about you may also be the people who will cause the most pain.
More research by David Miklowitz at UCLA has also indicated that at least in bipolar disorder it's not just the presence of expressed emotion that is most harmful, but the lack of positive communication. In other words, you may be mean to each other, but if you try to have some positive interactions, things may not be as harmful to you.
Of course the burden one experiences and also their own levels of anxiety and depression are the culprits here, but at the same time developing an overly critical communication style is a learned process that can be changed with psychotherapy.
What's your experience of expressed emotion and criticism in your family and relationship?
How do you handle this?
What helps and what makes things worse?
* there is one disorder that research has indicated that high levels of expressed emotion may even have a protective role and another disorder that research has found that high levels of expressed emotion may lead to marital infidelity. If you find any of the two disorders we will be happy to offer to you a free Mood-pulse session!
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Last reviewed: 6 Jun 2012


How To Start A Blog
Have you been thinking about starting your own blog?
There are 5 main steps to start your own blog.
1. Pick Your Blog Name, Domain, and Niche
2. Choose a Host Provider
3. Choose a Theme and Design Your Blog
4. Create Your Essential Pages (About, Contact, Hire)
5. Create a Plan to Publish Regularly
Those 5 steps help you set up the blog of your dreams!
These steps are very simple to create your own blog. However if you are in need of assistance you can always look into contacting me and I will walk you through the steps to start your own blog!
Have a great day!
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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Differential psychology is concerned with the study of individual differences in humans. The science of psychology studies people at three levels of focus captured by the well known quote: "Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men, (b) like some other men, (c) like no other man" (Murray, H.A. & C. Kluckhohn, 1953). Differential psychology focuses on this second level of study.
For example, think of a group of students taking a typing test. Some students will work very slowly, typing fewer sentences, but making few errors. Other students will work very quickly, typing much more while making more errors. This is an example of an individual difference in speed/accuracy tradeoffs. Some individuals will work fast with lots of errors and others will work slowly with few errors, even when they are given the same instructions.
Typical areas of study in differential psychology are personality, motivation, intelligence and ability, interests, values, self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem (to name just a few). There are few remaining "differential psychology" programs in the United States, although research in this area is very active. Current researchers are found in a variety of programs, including educational psychology, industrial psychology, and social psychology programs.
Prominent differential psychologists: Phillip Ackerman, Cyril Burt, Raymond Cattell, Lee Cronbach, John B. Carroll, J.P. Guilford, Lloyd Humphreys, Arthur Jensen, Richard Lynn, Richard Snow, Robert J. Sternberg, L.L. Thurstone.
References & BibliographyEdit
- Buss, D.M., & Greiling, H. (1999). Adaptive Individual Differences. Journal of Personality, 67, 209-243. Full text
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


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2. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth; rich earth. Give him a little earth for charity. (Shak)
4. Earth is used either adjectively or in combination to form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple; earth metal or earth-metal; earth closet or earth-closet. Adamic earth, bitter earth, bog earth, Chian earth, etc. See Adamic, bitter, etc. Alkaline earths. See alkaline. Earth apple.


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AISE: Redirected from...
The name you typed was found in the Diskery database but there is no article under that name; the history of that artist is included in the article now on your screen - Diskery knows that and sent you here instead. It knows this because it encountered what we call a 'Stubby Record'. The process is automatic and you cannot override it.
AISE: A modification was placed on your search request
Diskery recognized what you typed and sent you to the article under that artist's official name as archived in Diskery. Often band names are abbreviated or known under a different name or are commonly misspelled and since it is inefficient to store a separate record for each variation, Diskery links all variations to one article. You typed one of the known variations into the search box and Diskery corrected it.
AISE: modified your entry to compute the closest match
You entered garbled text into the search box, perhaps transposed letters or put a space in the wrong spot, etc. The Diskery AI algorithm (AISE) detected this and attempted to correct the text to match an entry in the database; if multiple entries found, if offers a choice. You must have entered the true letters used and the correct amount else it will not be sure and simply say that it could not find a match.
What is a Stubby Record?
A 'Stubby Record' is any record to which a redirection is used instead of a description. The redirection occurs because the information relating to this artist/band is contained within the description of another act or under another name in the database. They were used quite commonly in the original RRCA database and we inherited the process from them. Stubby Records are needed as they act as placeholders when artists have performed during their lives under many names/bands. The latest versions of Diskery still have these 'Stubby Records' but it redirects you automatically from them when they are encountered.
File record #: 38


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Joined: 16 Mar 2004
|Posted: Mon Nov 27, 2006 11:42 am Post subject: High-Definition TV from your Cell Phone
|New MEMS technology could lead to dime-sized, high-resolution projectors. A silicon mirror suspended by carbon fibers can vibrate very quickly, scanning a laser across a surface fast enough to draw high-resolution images.
A cell phone that can project a high-definition television image could soon be possible, say researchers at Cornell University who have developed a new microelectromechanical system (MEMS) for rapidly scanning wide areas with a laser. A projector based on the device would be about the size of dime and could cast a meter-wide image on a surface only half a meter away.
The key is a small mirror, about half a millimeter across, suspended by carbon fibers -- rolled-up sheets of crystalline carbon commonly used to reinforce materials. The fibers amplify the vibrations of a piezoelectric motor, moving the mirror. This movement deflects a laser at different angles, causing it to sweep back and forth across a surface. While the current device only moves the laser side to side, the researches say it can be easily mounted on a stage that tilts up and down to allow the device to sequentially draw each line of an image, using complex electronics that turn the laser on and off as it is directed across the screen to create the light and dark pixels. A full-color display would mix light from red, green, and blue lasers.
MEMS-based displays already exist in commercial products. Texas Instruments, based in Dallas, TX, for example, has developed a chip that uses millions of tiny mirrors, each of which turns pixels on and off by either turning toward or away from a light source (see "May the Micro Force Be with You"). This chip is now used in a variety of televisions and movie projectors. Another company, Microvision, in Redmond, WA, uses a single mirror MEMS device more like the one being developed at Cornell, but without the carbon fibers. The company is developing a full-color display.
The Cornell researchers say what sets their device apart is the high scanning speed of the mirror, combined with its ability to scan over a wide angle. The wide angle of the system is made possible, says Michael Thompson, a materials science and engineering professor and one of the researchers on the project, because the carbon fibers can bend sharply without breaking, giving the mirror a wide-range of movement. The fibers are also very stiff, which allows them to spring back and forth very quickly. High-speed vibrations are essential to creating high-resolution images. The researchers report mirror vibration frequencies of 35,000 cycles per second -- enough, they say, to scan an image with a resolution of about 1280 by 768 pixels about 60 times a second. They say this resolution is comparable to some high-definition televisions, although this refresh rate can -- under some conditions -- show a detectable flicker.
Ming Wu, an electrical engineering and computer science professor at the University of California, Berkeley, says that in addition to high scanning speeds, the resolution of an image depends on the size of the mirror used. In the past, he says, mirrors large enough to produce high-quality images, on the scale of a few millimeters across, have been a challenge: it's difficult to make the mirrors vibrate fast enough without breaking the apparatus. Thompson says the tough carbon fibers have allowed them to use a mirror half a millimeter across, already about the size-scale needed. He adds that by using more carbon fibers, the Cornell researchers expect to be able to increase the size even more.
A key challenge for the fiber-based systems will be keeping manufacturing costs down. In the past, researchers have typically tried to make such devices purely out of silicon to take advantage of inexpensive manufacturing.
Adding carbon fibers to the mix could increase costs. With this in mind, Thompson and Shayaan Desai, a doctoral student at Cornell who was key to creating the device, developed a manufacturing method that uses traditional silicon fabrication until the final steps, introducing the carbon fibers only at the end of the process.
Still, the process is not yet reliable enough for large-scale manufacturing. (In the demonstration system they placed the fibers manually). Wu says success will depend on how much new infrastructure manufacturers have to install to incorporate the fibers.
Thompson says a prototype projector should be ready within a year, with commercial products, developed by their startup, Mesmeriz, in Ithaca, NY, likely possible in three to five years.
First posted 1st Sept 2006


This is a continuation of yesterday post.
In this post we discuss a study that claims a PageRank-Rank correlation. The study was criticized by many SEOs on the grounds that it was flawed.
They were right, but none of them provided a statistical analysis assessment, which prompted back then our post.
The study seems to perpetuate SEO myths regarding ranking results.
If you look at the study, the reported slopes were very small, indicating that variables were almost orthogonal (independent), despite the correlation coefficients.
Second, no t-test confidence analysis on the correlation coefficents or slopes were provided.
Third, no transparency in the data sampling process was provided.
This is an example of how not to do stat analysis.