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Lyra Heartstrings id
Amethyst Star and Lyra Heartstrings, two unicorn ponies in Canterlot
Unicorns are one of several kinds of ponies that live in Equestria. They are characterized by their horns and their ability to perform magic.
Unicorns were introduced after Earth ponies in the original My Little Pony toy line. In previous animated series, they had the ability to teleport magically or "wink out", but did not ordinarily have any other magical abilities.
Unicorns originate from the writings of Helenistic Period of Greek history. They were considered to be part of India's native fauna. During the Middle Ages, unicorns were linked to several animals, among them the rhinoceros, the oryx and the mammoth. Medieval legends relate that unicorns permitted virgins to ride on their backs, while subsequently killing imposters. In modern times unicorns have become associated with magic and beauty. Monoceros (Latin: Unicorn) is a constellation in the celestial equator, and one of the 88 modern constellations.
Depiction in the series
Unicorn banner S2E11
Unicorn tribe banner, seen in the episode Hearth's Warming Eve.
Main article: Alicorns
Faust intended Princess Celestia and Princess Luna to be the only Alicorns.[1] They are called unicorns in the prologue in Friendship is Magic, part 1, and Luna is called a "Pegasus unicorn" on Hasbro's My Little Pony Facebook page.[2] On merchandise, the princesses are called "Pony Princesses," including Princess Cadance; in A Canterlot Wedding - Part 1, Twilight Sparkle contrasts Cadance being a "princess" with herself being a "regular old unicorn"; the script for A Canterlot Wedding - Part 2, when naming Queen Chrysalis for the first time, refers to her as a "pegacorn". Despite these other terms, storyboard artist Sabrina Alberghetti calls the princesses "alicorns".[3][note 1] In Magic Duel, the word "Alicorn" is used for the first time in reference to an amulet depicting a Pegasus unicorn. Twilight Sparkle's transformation and subsequent reappearance to her friends in Magical Mystery Cure is the first time any character is directly referred to as an Alicorn in the show.
Unicorn magic
Twilight unleashes her magic S1E06
Twilight Sparkle exerting herself to manipulate large objects over a long distance with telekinesis.
Lauren Faust has stated that Earth ponies and Pegasi have passive forms of magic, but unicorns can actively perform magic.[4] In a retelling of the history of Equestria in Hearth's Warming Eve, unicorns controlled the sun and moon before the rule of Celestia and Luna.
A common ability among unicorns is using telekinesis to levitate or move objects, as seen with Twilight Sparkle, Rarity, Trixie, and various background unicorn ponies. The ability to cast other spells varies widely and sometimes depends on the unicorn's special talent. Unicorn magic requires concentration and effort, as Twilight explains to Spike in Feeling Pinkie Keen and to Apple Bloom in Call of the Cutie. In Lesson Zero, Twilight says she needs a line of sight with an object to undo the spell she cast on it.
Colors of magic auras
 - Twilight Sparkle's magic aura is magenta, the color of the large star in her cutie mark.
 - Rarity's magic aura is blue, matching both her eyes and her cutie mark, though her aura is a lighter shade.
 - Flim and Flam's magic auras are both colored green, matching their eyes and not their cutie marks.
However, some characters' magical aura matches neither their eyes nor their cutie mark. This is the case with Trixie, whose magic aura is pink while her eyes are purple and her cutie mark is mostly blue or blue-gray.
During season one, the colors of individual characters' magic auras were often inconsistent from episode to episode; for example, Princess Celestia's magical glow varies throughout season one but is consistently yellow in Lesson Zero and A Canterlot Wedding - Part 2 as well as in season four's new opening sequence. Rarity's aura is blue in most of her appearances, but it is pink in Look Before You Sleep.
Baby unicorn magic
Pumpkin Cake chewing the toy 1 S02E13
Pumpkin Cake using magic.
The episode Baby Cakes features a little baby unicorn named Pumpkin Cake, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cake, who uses her magic unexpectedly when Pinkie babysits her and her Pegasus twin brother, Pound Cake. Rarity cautions the other ponies at the beginning of the episode that "baby unicorns get strange magic surges that come and go," and Pumpkin Cake experiences these surges when she's able to use her magic to teleport, walk through solid objects, levitate herself and other objects, and break the locks and chains that Pinkie put around the toy chest.
See also
 2. Comment on Hasbro's My Little Pony Facebook page (2011-05-19). Retrieved on 2012 December 20.
 3. deviantArt comment page screenshot of Sabrina Alberghetti calling Celestia and Luna alicorns
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How to Help a Ghost Pass Over
How to Help a Ghost Pass Over
May 27, 2021 Ghost Hunting Our Blog 0
In general, ghosts will move on when their purpose is fulfilled. But sometimes a ghost needs specific help to move on and this can be provided by a witch.
There are different ways you can help a ghost pass over: gathering personal objects, performing an Ascension ceremony, or calling in the assistance of an experienced witch.
A witch will perform a ritual to call in the spirit of the ghost. The purpose of the ritual is to draw the spirit back into its body by using personal objects, and then to find out what it wants and needs from you. For example, if the ghost's greatest need is forgiveness, the witch will organize a church service and perform a ceremony while asking God for forgiveness on behalf of the ghost so that it may move on. If no church is available at that time, then a prayer in your home can also be performed in order to ask for forgiveness.
If the ghost needs to pass on more quickly, then a ceremony can be performed to help the ghost ascend. In this ceremony, you will be guided in creating an energy vortex in your home that can help the ghost move on.
The following is one of many ways to perform a ritual to call in the spirit of the ghost. You may also find additional rituals online or create your own based on your need:
1) Find out when the ghost was born and what his/her birth number is (day, month, year). You may search for his or her information through an online genealogy site. For example, and genealogy records are some of the most useful resources to find your family history.
2) Find out about the type of person or animal that this ghost was. For example, if the ghost is a bird, then you will need to find out what type of bird it was so that you can use that knowledge in your ritual.
3) Collect everything from the person's life and store them in a satchel for use during the ceremony. You should have at least one item from each phase of his/her life such as: his/her childhood picture books or toys; toys from ages 1 to 7; high school yearbooks; college yearbooks; graduation gifts etc.. You can also use photos of the person. A satchel is a small cloth bag that will help you to carry all of the objects and pictures.
4) Make a list of images, objects, or any other personal information that the ghost may need to pass over. It could be something as simple as leftover perfumes or toiletries that had been used during life time by the ghost. It could also be a specific object such as a ring, watch, or necklace that was very important to the person during life time.
5) Connect with the ghost on an emotional level and give it your understanding about its purpose in your life.
6) Tell the ghost that you will help it pass over. You may want to include in your ritual a letter of forgiveness from the family for any wrongdoing that took place during life time. Your desire to help also needs to be conveyed to the ghost. Use a pen and paper so that you can personally write down your wishes. Leave the paper where you think the ghost can see it.
7) Decide when and where you will do your ritual. In order for it to be successful, you will need a secluded area with no interruptions or distractions so that no one can hear what is being said during the ceremony or how long it may take.
When you start your ritual, you will need to first find a quiet spot and then you can go about looking for the ghost. Use an object that belonged to the ghost such as a perfume or watch and ask it to come around.
1) Set up an altar with photos of the person or animal that is being called back, any objects that he/she had during life time such as his/her childhood toys, a picture of him/her when he/she was young etc.. If you don't have a picture of the person, use pictures of his favorite movie star or a character from his favorite book.
2) Next, light your candles and incense. The incense is used to help center you and the candles are used to represent the energy that will be focused in your home during the ceremony.
3) Place on the altar other objects such as a rose or a flower that represents love. Give these gifts to the ghost of its lover or family member who have passed on in order to help convince it that you will accept him/her back into your life.
4) Any personal items collected from his/her life can also be placed on the altar such as his favorite stuffed animal or something else that he loved so much during his life time. 5) You can also include a picture of his/her family and friends so that he/she knows that they are still around him. These pictures will help to convince the ghost that he is not alone and that his loved ones miss him.
5) By placing all these items on the altar, you are opening up your heart to the ghost and connecting with it in a way that you want to help it move on to its next journey.
6) In order for this ritual to be successful, you need to stay vigilant during your ceremony. You may want to start off with a short period of meditation where you clear your mind of any other concerns or distractions in order for you focus on the ritual. You can also use written meditation that help to guide the energy to focus solely on the ceremony. After, you can break off for a short period of time to gather your thoughts and then continue with the ritual as shown in the following pictures.
7) Using your sacred objects such as photos, objects and papers, get down on your knees so that you are in a position where you are facing the altar and not anyone else present. Start out by taking a couple of deep breaths in an effort to center yourself.
8) Now that you are in a position to do your ritual, you will want to verbally call out the ghost and ask it to come back into your life.
9) Start off by stating what you want from the ghost.
10) Most importantly, tell him/her that when he/she is finished visiting with you, he must return back to where he came from.
11) Now that you have given the ghost an order, there is no reason to stop, so keep at it until the ritual is complete.


text: The Discover 4 Yourself Inductive Bible Studies for Kids teach children how to find out for themselves what the Bible is all about, and gives them fun and exciting ways to do it! In order to solve The Mystery of How to Study the Bible students must go through inductive detective training. Max, Molly, and their beagle Sam come along to help them examine the scene (context), interpret clues (who, what, when, where, why, & how), unscramble secret messages (memory verses), and use their walkie-talkies (prayer). Many important interpretive skills are covered, even using a concordance and expository dictionary. Recommended for ages 9 to 12.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
LBNL Report Number
We review the relationship between energy efficiency improvement measures and productivity in industry. We review over 70 industrial case studies from widely available published databases, followed by an analysis of the representation of productivity benefits in energy modeling. We propose a method to include productivity benefits in the economic assessment of the potential for energy efficiency improvement. The case-study review suggests that energy efficiency investments can provide a significant boost to overall productivity within industry. If this relationship holds, the description of energy-efficient technologies as opportunities for larger productivity improvements has significant implications for conventional economic assessments. The paper explores the implications this change in perspective on the evaluation of energy-efficient technologies for a study of the iron and steel industry in the US. This examination shows that including productivity benefits explicitly in the modeling parameters would double the cost-effective potential for energy efficiency improvement, compared to an analysis excluding those benefits. We provide suggestions for future research in this important area.


text:
HOW TO MAKE AN INDEX
Having made an index for several different nonfiction print books over the years, I have a set of suggestions for how to create an index.
I prefer to do this manually. When I use the search tool that comes with an online article (or an eBook), I'm often disappointed. It easily pulls up every match of the word, which isn't always helpful. If the word is used 200 times, I must then sort out which of the 200 are most relevant.
Also, search tools are sometimes too literal. For example, if I want to find information in a book relating to the moon, when I type the word "moon" in the search, it won't show me pages where the author wrote the word "lunar" (unless the author also happened to write the word "moon" on the same page).
A manual index has the potential to be much more helpful than an automatically created one.
- I get out a blank spiralbound notebook with at least 26 leafs.
- Write the letter A at the top of the first leaf, B at the top of the second leaf, etc. (A book consists of leafs. Each leaf has two pages, one on the front and one on the back of each leaf.)
- If you might have several terms starting with a common letter (I always get a ton of I's, P's, and S's, for example), you might save an extra leaf for these, just in case.
- I open the PDF for my print book's interior on my computer and set my blank spiralbound notebook on my desk in front of my computer monitor.
- With fresh, relaxed eyes (which requires several short breaks to maintain), I go through my PDF file slowly, one page at a time.
- For each page of my PDF, there are typically a variety of keywords that I wish to include in my index.
- I write each keyword down in my spiralbound notebook on the leaf corresponding to its first letter. This helps me sort out the keywords, and helps me find repeated keywords easily.
- Next to the keyword, I write down the page number. Some keywords may show up on several pages. For my most popular keywords, I may need 2-3 lines in my notebook to record all of the relevant page numbers.
- I go page by page through my PDF, writing down keywords and corresponding page numbers in my notebook.
- When deciding on keywords, try to think in practical terms. Which keywords will readers want to search for in your index? Is there enough content on the page relating to that keyword to include that page in the index for that term?
- What other words or phrases might readers search for? It's kind of like word association. For example, one reader might search for "left alignment" in the index, while another might search for "ragged right," where both readers are actually looking for the same topic. An index works well when customers can find what they're looking for easily.
- On a related note, consider that a single term sometimes has different meanings. For example, the word "sale" could refer to the purchase of a product (we had a lot of sales today) or it could mean that the price is reduced (that t.v. is on sale). Some readers might look for "sales" in an index hoping to find pages that will show how to improve sales (that is, to sell more products), while other readers might look for "sales" hoping to learn about promotional pricing. One set of readers will be disappointed unless the index has separate entries for both (like "sales, selling" versus "sales, discounts").
- Write down the page numbers carefully. Double-check each one after you write it.
- Once I've written down all of the terms in my notebook, I type them in a blank Excel file on my computer. Excel is handy for this as it can quickly alphabetize the entries for you.
- I type the keywords in the left column. I type the corresponding page numbers in the second column.
- Be very careful when typing the page numbers for each term. If a customer searches for a term on page 57, for example, and the term isn't there, this will create a frustrating customer experience. Take your time and keep your eyes rested and fresh (with plenty of short breaks).
- When a keyword appears on consecutive pages, you can consolidate the page numbering, like 38-44. An alternative is to write ff for forth-following, but I prefer to list the starting and ending pages. As a reader, I like to know when the last page comes, so there isn't any detective work needed from the reader's end. (Also, keep in mind that not all readers will know what the ff stands for.)
- What if a keyword appears on several pages, but one of the pages is likely the most relevant match? You could put this page number in boldface, for example, so that it stands out.
- If there is a figure or table corresponding to a keyword and you feel that this will be helpful for the reader, you could write something like 48(fig) or 48(tab), or even just 48(f) or 48(t), though in the latter case, fewer readers will realize what you mean.
- If a page has a definition for a word, you might write something like 32(def).
- If a keyword appears in a footnote, you might write 124(fn), but beware of the potential ambiguity. Readers may wonder whether you mean page 124 in a footnote, or footnote 124 (on some other page), unless you write something like 124(fn 15).
- Once my index is typed up, I let Excel sort the data for me. Highlight the columns. Click on the Data tab. Click on the Sort icon. Adjust the Sort By column if necessary. (If it doesn't come out right, press the Undo button.)
- Actually, back up a step. I recommend that you copy and paste all of your information into a new Excel file before you sort it. This way, if you later discover some issue with the sorting that you didn't notice right away, you have your original to fall back on.
- I copy and paste the table into Word (or whatever software you're using). You might prefer to do this as plain text and then reformat it. I usually prefer to format my index as two columns.
- As you can see in the picture for my post, I type each letter of the alphabet at the top of the list of keywords that start with that letter.
- Browse through the index sections of a variety of traditionally published print books. This will help you see the different design possibilities, and will help you adopt your own unique style.
- Test your index out before you publish your book.
This seems like more work than it is. The hardest part is just to get started. I usually spend a few days on it, though only a couple of hours per day, so that I can keep my eyes fresh and stay focused. After spending months writing the book, a few days for the index isn't much.
Note that an eBook ordinarily doesn't include an index. That's because eReaders have a Search tool (though I mentioned earlier that this isn't foolproof).
Write happy, be happy. 🙂
Copyright © 2018
- Kindle Formatting Magic (new release)
- A Detailed Guide to Self-Publishing with Amazon (also part of a Boxed Set)
- The Improve Your Math Fluency series of workbooks (algebra, fractions, arithmetic, trig, long division, and more)


text:
The Effect of Annealing Parameter on Corrosion Resistance of Zircaloy-2
The effects of equal ∑Ai for different combinations of the annealing temperature and annealing time on corrosion resistance and evolution of precipitates of Zircaloy-2 were investigated.Nodular corrosion resistance in the out-of-pile corrosion test was degraded with increasing ∑Ai only when it was increased by extending the annealing time at 894K but did not depend on ∑Ai which was increased by raising the annealing temperature for a constant annealing time of 2.5h. Extensive observation and micro-analysis of precipitates by analytical electron microscope (AEM) suggested the cause of degradation of nodular corrosion resistance to be the remarkable increase in volume fraction of Si-containing precipitates such as Zr3Si and Zr2Si, which were observed more frequently in large ∑Ai only when it was increased by extending the annealing time at 894K.On the other hand, uniform corrosion resistance was improved with increasing ∑Ai irrespective of the annealing conditions, but was slightly better when ∑Ai was increased by extending the annealing time under constant annealing temperature at 894K. This behavior can be understood from the reduction in content of alloying elements such as Fe, Cr and Ni which remained as solutes in the matrix at large ∑Ai.
- Journal of nuclear science and technology
Journal of nuclear science and technology 32(11), _PHONE_, 1995-11-25
Atomic Energy Society of Japan


text:
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geospatial Engineering
This paper is devoted to the introduction of physicochemical, filler size, and distribution effect in micromechanical predictions of the overall viscoelastic properties of asphalt mastic. In order to account for the three effects, the morphologically representative pattern (MRP) approach was employed. The MRP model was improved due to the arduous practical use of equivalent modulus formula solution. Then, a homogeneous morphologically representative model (H-MRP) with the explicit solution was established based on the homogenization theory. Asphalt mastic is regarded as a composite material consisting of filler particles coated structural asphalt and free asphalt considering the physicochemical effect. An additional interphase surrounding particles was introduced in the H-MRP model. Thus, a modified H-MRP model was established. Using the proposed model, a viscoelastic equation was derived to predict the complex modulus and subsequently the dynamic modulus of asphalt mastic based on the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle. The dynamic shear rheological tests were conducted to verify the prediction model. The results show that the predicted modulus presents an acceptable precision for asphalt mastic mixed with 10% and 20% fillers volume fraction, as compared to the measured ones. The predicted modulus agrees reasonably well with the measured ones at high frequencies for asphalt mastic mixed with 30% and 40% fillers volume fraction. However, it exhibits underestimated modulus at low frequencies. The reasons for the discrepancy between predicted and measured dynamic shear modulus and the factors affecting the dynamic shear modulus were also explored in the paper.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Micromechanical Prediction Model of Viscoelastic Properties for Asphalt Mastic Based on Morphologically Representative Pattern Approach.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,
Retrieved from: _URL_
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


text:
The Gram-Schmidt Process
Now that we have a real or complex inner product, we have notions of length and angle. This lets us define what it means for a collection of vectors to be "orthonormal": each pair of distinct vectors is perpendicular, and each vector has unit length. In formulas, we say that the collection is orthonormal if. These can be useful things to have, but how do we get our hands on them?
It turns out that if we have a linearly independent collection of vectors then we can come up with an orthonormal collection spanning the same subspace of. Even better, we can pick it so that the first vectors span the same subspace as. The method goes back to Laplace and Cauchy, but gets its name from Jørgen Gram and Erhard Schmidt.
We proceed by induction on the number of vectors in the collection. If, then we simply set
This "normalizes" the vector to have unit length, but doesn't change its direction. It spans the same one-dimensional subspace, and since it's alone it forms an orthonormal collection.
Now, lets assume the procedure works for collections of size and start out with a linearly independent collection of vectors. First, we can orthonormalize the first vectors using our inductive hypothesis. This gives a collection which spans the same subspace as (and so on down, as noted above). But isn't in the subspace spanned by the first vectors (or else the original collection wouldn't have been linearly independent). So it points at least somewhat in a new direction.
To find this new direction, we define
This vector will be orthogonal to all the vectors from to, since for any such we can check
where we use the orthonormality of the collection to show that most of these inner products come out to be zero.
So we've got a vector orthogonal to all the ones we collected so far, but it might not have unit length. So we normalize it:
and we're done.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Easter Basket Scene
SUPPLIES & TOOLS:
- Cricut Expression® 2 Electronic Cutting Machine
- Cricut® Everyday Cartridge, Create a Critter 2
- Cardstock: yellow, orange, gray, light blue, blue pattern, white pattern, cream pattern
- Easter basket
- Shredded paper
- Black marker
- Hole punch
1. Place foam in basket. Cover with shredded paper.
2. Create chick. Using Create a Critter 2 cartridge and yellow cardstock, cut two 3" . Using orange cardstock, select Layer feature, press Shift, and cut one 3" . Discard stripes. Adhere beak to one chick. Use black marker to create eyes. Adhere dowel between chicks. Place dowel in foam.
3. Create eggs. Using blue pattern cardstock, select Shadow/Icon Shadow feature, press Shift, and cut one 2" . Using white pattern cardstock, select Shadow/Icon Shadow feature, press Shift, and cut one 1-1/2" . Adhere dowels between eggs. Place dowels in foam.
4. Create banner. Using white pattern cardstock, select Accessory feature, press Shift, and cut one 2" . Repeat cut using blue pattern and cream pattern cardstock. Punch holes in top corners of triangles. Thread triangles on string and tie to basket handle.
5. Create cloud and phrase. Using gray cardstock, select Phrase feature and cut two 2-1/2" . Using light blue cardstock, select Phrase feature and cut one 1-1/4" . Adhere phrase to one cloud. Adhere dowel between clouds. Place dowel in foam.
6. Embellish as desired.


Important! Please read this blog post
How do I disable the date or time element
How do I format...; How do I add seconds; etc.
The picker uses the format option to decide what components to show. Set format to LT, LTS or another valid MomentJs format string to display certain components
How do I change the language/locale
The picker uses MomentJs to determine the language string. You can use moment-with-locales or you can include whatever local file you need. Set the picker's locale option to de or whatever the locale string is.
How do I change the styles? The picker closes.
Set debug:true which will force the picker to stay open, even onBlur. You can hide the picker manually by calling hide()
How do I change the start of the week?
Start of the week is based on the locale provided. This is defined by moment's locales. If you want to change it, create your own locale file or override. See moment's docs.
How I use the picker as birthday picker?
Use the viewMode option to 'years'


text:
Tiny phytoplankton in the oceans of the Northern Hemisphere had far larger extinction rates during the mass extinction event 65 million years ago than those living in the Southern Hemisphere, according to a paper published online this week in Nature Geoscience. The recovery of the Northern Hemisphere phytoplankton also occurred significantly later than recovery in the southern oceans.
Populations of phytoplankton smaller than 20 micrometres were decimated during the Cretaceous/Tertiary mass extinction, which is linked to an impact event. Timothy Bralower and colleagues propose that the clouds of debris from the impact ― which would have blocked the sunlight that these phytoplankton needed to grow, and poisoned them as the metal-laden dust fell to the ocean surface ― were concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to the higher extinction rates. The team also suggests that the recovery of marine diversity in the north may have been hindered by the phytoplankton's slower start in this region.


text:
Applying a scale factor to text and dimensions was quite common in the days before AutoDesk introduced paper space layouts and viewports and everything was done in model space. For example, let's say we were drawing a plan view of a house and ultimately it would be plotted at a scale of 1/4"=1'-0". The scale factor for our text and dimension heights would be 48 (1/4 * 12 or 4*12/1 = 48 ) So if we wanted our text to plot at a height of 1/8" it would have to be given a height of 6" in our drawing. (.125 * 48 = 6 ).
Is it possible you were thinking of viewport scale factors? There is a way to assign a scale to a viewport via the Zoom command utilizing the Scale option. It is referred to as the n/XP scale factor. As an example to assign the scale of 1/4"=1'-0" to a viewport the scale factor would be expressed as 1/48xp. Another example: a scale of 1/8"=1'-0" assigned to a viewport would be expressed as 1/96xp.
While many older users might remember and even use this method AutoCAD now makes it easier to assign a scale to a viewport by selecting it directly from a Scalelist.
Are you using metric or imperial units?
What scale or scales were you planning on using for your drawing?


text:
There is one source of traffic that you shouldn't overlook. It is question and answer websites. Those websites can be an effective source of traffic for your landing page. However, you can't just put your link to those websites, because they are so strict with their linking rules. Although the traffic from Q&A websites is highly targeted, you have to drive traffic from them systematically. Here are 3 simple tips to drive traffic from Q&A websites:
1. Build your reputation first
You can't just begin answering question and placing your link to your answer in the day when you sign up. That would be against the rules. The best method is to build your reputation first, before you begin to place your link to your answer. After you sign up, begin answering questions that you can answer, and do this to build good reputation and track record for your account. For example, on Yahoo Answers, there are points that you will get when you answer a question. You'll get more points if your answer is chosen as best answer. Then, in order to increase your level, you have to collect certain points. During the first few weeks working with Yahoo Answers, you should dedicate your time to collect points in order to boost your level and reputation there.
2. Do not place your link in every answer
Once you've build a good reputation in Q&A websites, you can begin to insert your link in your answers. However, do this with caution as non-relevant links will be considered spam by the websites, and you will risk your account getting banned very quickly. So, the best method is not to place your link in every answer that you give. Moreover, once you decide to put your link, make sure that it is highly relevant with your answer and the link destination should not be filled with advertisement. So, here are the rules of placing your link:
- Place your link occasionally.
- Make sure that your link is highly relevant with your answer.
- Make sure that the link contains high quality information, not advertisements.
3. Give detailed answer
When answering any question, make sure to give good information in your answer. You don't want to post a one sentence answer to the questioner. This will hurt your reputation. Your answer must be helpful and detailed. You don't need to answer with full article, either. But, your answer must be detailed enough so that the questioner can be satisfied with your answer. Answer that will only clutter the page will usually be regarded as spam, and if you are giving this kind of answer frequently, your reputation will go down quickly. People will not follow your link if you have bad reputation.
Those are 3 simple tips to drive traffic to Q&A websites. Question and answer websites such as Yahoo Answers and others are your goldmine to boost your website popularity. If you don't use them properly, you are missing a good source of highly targeted traffic for your website.
This is an original article published on SEO Desk with exclusivity.
Popularity: 1% [?]


Map of CanadaCITE has Sections that provide localized services to members. With your ITE membership, you are automatically a member of a District (CITE) and an associated Section, depending on where you live. The number of activities in each Section varies according to the Section leadership, and distribution of its members. Some Sections have a large geographic area yet a small number of members spread over that large area, whereas conversely, other Sections have a large membership confined within a relatively small geographic area.
For those Sections with a large membership, the option exists to form Chapters in order to better meet the specific needs of members within their area. However, the formation of these Chapters is only possible if enough members are prepared to take on the leadership role.
Another type of Chapter that also exists within the structure of ITE is specific to student members, and is usually tied to an educational institution such as a university. Again, there must be enough students prepared to take on the leadership roles required to operate a Student Chapter, and there must also be a member of faculty prepared to step into the role of Student Advisor.
Both forms of Chapters are responsible directly to the Section where they are geographically located.


A Dad Invents An Application That Requires Children To Answer Calls And Sms From Their Parents
Nowadays, it is more and more difficult to draw children's attention to something other than the screen of their phones. Yet, they seem to become blind when their parents are trying to contact them. According to an article relayed by our colleagues at the Mirror, Nick Herbert, father frustrated, would have created a Smartphone application that would force children to answer their parents!
In this new digital age, it is almost impossible to live without a phone. The world is moving at such a speed that the human being needs a means that allows him to be connected to these changes. No more appointments that are scheduled in person, where it was enough to have a date and a meeting place to meet.
Today, text messages are multiplying at the speed of light. The phone is not only a means of communication, it also keeps you informed about what is happening around us. Once in our hands, we can not let go. Indeed, the phone and smartphone especially, contains dozens of mobile applications with extremely varied goals. Depending on the needs of the user, the Smartphone has become an indispensable tool for everyone's life.
Application That Requires Children
Children and the phone
The more years pass, the more the use of smartphones intensifies. According to an article published by Forbes magazine, many studies have tried to identify the consequences of what is considered an addiction among young people today. Indeed, researchers in France have conducted an experiment on students, the goal being that they spend a day without their phones. They observed their reactions before and during this day, and noted that in addition to anxiety about being deprived of their phones, they did not know how to occupy their time anymore.
Given these results, it would seem that children, young or old, can no longer do without their phone. In this case, the question that arises is: If they are so taped to their screens, why are they unable to answer their parents?
Nick Herbert, a dad who does not stop at nothing
This is the same question that Nick Herbert, from West Wickham in London, asked about his son Ben. Having found no answer, this dad decides to take things in hand.
In 2017, Nick Herbert launches ReplyAsap. This application is based on a simple but effective concept. When a parent calls their child, ReplyAsap takes control of their screen and makes a shrill noise that stops only when the child responds or responds to the received message. His stroke of genius? She even walks when the phone is silent!
The story of this dad makes us smile, indeed, his frustration with his son is such that he decided to create a mobile application to successfully contact him. As Nick explains,
 "When Ben went to college, I decided to buy him a Smartphone so that we could join in case of need. What I did not realize was that Ben was going to use this Smartphone for everything except to communicate with me.
Indeed, Nick realizes that his son often puts his phone in silence to be able to watch videos or play games. Even though some apps show if the message was open and the time it was read, Nick never really knows if his son actually saw the message or just opened it automatically without checking its content. He says on his site, "sometimes I have urgent things to say to him but he has no way of knowing if he ignores my messages, that's why ReplyAsap is the solution to my problems."
Thanks to this concept, Nick solves his problem and that of thousands of parents. Since its creation, ReplyAsap has been downloaded more than 75,000 times and has been rated 3.1 / 5. Downloadable on Android, ReplyAsap could also soon be launched on iOS.
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A Working Paper by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has established that the Caribbean is "particularly sensitive" to external shocks because of the region's size and dependence on large trading partners.
The IMF Working Paper applied the case studies of changing international oil prices and an increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States to make its conclusions.
It confirmed that countries within the region tend to benefit positively from a reduction in oil prices and an increase in the GDP of the US once variables such as a fluctuating exchange rate and overall price changes are taken into account.
"Notwithstanding, a strong degree of integration poses additional risks to small open economies that may suffer disproportionately from shifting economic conditions in the largest economies of the globe…"– IMF Working Paper
The paper, prepared by Mauricio Vargas and Daniela Hess, uses data from the period 1980 to 2017 and was published for feedback and discussion, not as the official views of the IMF.
Caribbean countries are acutely exposed to global spillovers, the paper noted, citing their lean towards open trade and financial liberalisation, which can be beneficial but also have negative impacts. "Notwithstanding, a strong degree of integration poses additional risks to small open economies that may suffer disproportionately from shifting economic conditions in the largest economies of the globe, as they are less able to diversify away from the sectors in which they have comparative advantages," said Vargas and Hess.
They note that the region is primarily integrated into the global economy through their dependence on tourism and exports. The paper categorised most of the region as "tourism dependent" but noted some are further affected by external conditions because of the size of their trade in goods.
"Within our sample of 15 Caribbean economies, we classify Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, and St Vincent and the Grenadines as tourism-dependent countries, while Haiti, Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago are classified as goods exporters."
To combat the ill-effects of the world's largest economies on the Caribbean, the paper suggests that the region could benefit from suggested preventative measures "such as increasing competitiveness, diversifying their economies and reducing their dependence on critical commodities and services, namely, oil-based energy and tourism. These policies might reduce exposure to external imbalances and, at the same time, promote economic growth."


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Hardangerfjord as seen from Odda.
Hardangerfjord south and east of Bergen
With a length of 179 km (111 mi), the Hardangerfjord in the county of Hordaland in Norway is the third largest fjord in the world and the second largest in Norway. The surrounding district is called Hardanger.
The Hardangerfjord starts at the Atlantic Ocean just south of Bergen (SW Norway). Here the fjord penetrates in a north easterly direction until it meets the grand mountain plateau of Hardangervidda. The longest branch of the Hardangerfjord is Sørfjorden which cuts south about 50 km from the main fjord. Its maximum depth is more than 800 m (2,624 ft) just outside Norheimsund in the middle of the fjord.
Norway's third largest glacier is found on the Folgefonn peninsula, a part of the Hardangerfjord. With its three parts, the Folgefonn glacier covers an area of 220 km2 (85 sq mi), and is an area which in 2005 became protected as a national park.
The history of the fjord goes far beyond its Viking history, back to the time of hunters on the surrounding mountains, and later on, farming along this fertile area which today is considered the fruit orchard of Norway. Later the fjord became the birthplace for a large tourism influx to Norway, and in 1875 Thomas Cook started weekly cruise departures from London to the Hardangerfjord, due to its spectacular nature, glaciers and grand waterfalls. Soon after this many of the major waterfalls became the power source for large industries in fjord settlements such as Odda.
Today the Hardangerfjord is witness to a renaissance in tourism and new infrastructure for travellers has once again become an industry for the local communities along the fjord.
The fjord has good conditions for fish farming. Fish farms yearly produce more than 40.000 tons of salmon and rainbow trout (2002) and makes the Hardangerfjord one of four major fish farming regions in the world.
The contemporary fjord is divided among the 13 municipalities Bømlo, Eidfjord, Etne, Granvin, Jondal, Kvam, Kvinnherad, Odda, Sund, Sveio, Tysnes, Ullensvang and Ulvik. The total number of inhabitants for all these municipalities is only a bit more than 70 thousand - on a total area of 8,471 km².
Side fjords which connect with Hardangerfjord[edit]
Hardangerfjord sunset
From west to east:
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
 - Svein Ulvund's collection (Beautiful pictures, not exclusively from the Hardangerfjord, but also from nearby places. Daily updated! Please note the search feature, to be used, e.g., with Hardanger and 2007.)


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Graduate Degree: MIT, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
The satellite cities can also gain by cooperating rather than competing for economic development. Compared to large cities like Boston, the GBSCs have few resources to devote towards attracting new employers. Since they offer very similar environments to prospective businesses, they are frequently competing with one another by giving away tax incentives. The winning city often gains very little. If GBSCs work together they could market themselves as a group to industry groups. Sharing their resources would allow them to design more sophisticated sales strategies and promote a more unified image of the advantages of the region's medium-sized cities.
GBSCs can also turn the fact that they have been abandoned by industry into an advantage. The GBSCs are relatively clean and quiet urban environments. They can market this advantage by creating "Green" campaigns. The cities could work together to tailor environmental plans that would generate energy and cost savings for the cities and their residents. These plans could be created by officials from each city working with students studying environmental planning at local universities. Greater Boston is an increasingly expensive area to live and do business. The danger is that the region will suffer as firms seek less expensive business environments.
Fortunately there is an alternative vision. The recent recovery of inner-city neighborhoods in places like Boston, Cambridge and Somerville demonstrates that there is demand for dense urban living – demand that far exceeds the available supply. Medium-sized older historic cities offer vital attractive living environments to families and new dense nodes of activity to growing businesses. In order to achieve this vision, local leaders from GBSCs must cooperate and convince powerbrokers beyond their borders that their cities can become ideal destinations.


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Report waste crime
Dumping or burning waste where it's not allowed, or allowing others to do so, is a criminal offence. Find out more about waste crime and how you can report it.
What is waste crime?
Waste crime is the illegal management of waste and it is becoming an increasing problem in Northern Ireland. The dumping of fuel laundering waste, in particular, is an issue.
Fuel laundering is an illegal process whereby marker dyes are removed from red and green diesel, which is then sold to motorists or fuel retailers. This process produces waste. The waste is typically disposed of in industrial bulk containers, which are big plastic cubes with metal cages around them. The laundered waste looks like a dark reddish brown sludge with dark coloured water on top and is very hazardous.
Criminals are involved in illegal waste activities – from waste collection and the provision of skips to illegal landfilling and burning of the waste to get rid of it. Their motive is making money. They usually charge the legal going rate to collect and transport waste and then dispose of it illegally and pocket the profits.
Why does it matter?
If it is not handled properly waste can cause serious pollution of the environment – air, land and water – and this can be harmful to our health.
Criminal waste activity also has an economic impact on legitimate businesses involved in waste disposal. These companies are unable to compete effectively in the waste industry because they are undercut by criminals.
It affects us all because there are huge costs involved in 'cleaning up' illegal waste, which means that less money is available for things like hospitals and schools.
What are the penalties?
The Department of the Environment (DOE) takes waste crime very seriously. Criminals involved in waste management can receive very substantial fines of up to £50,000 and be sentenced to six months imprisonment per charge.
At Crown Court level the fines are unlimited and criminals can be sentenced to up to five years imprisonment per charge and be required to pay back the profits they have made.
What can you do?
If you need to dispose of waste, either from your home or business, remember to ask the provider of the service lots of questions about where your waste will be taken and what records you will receive to show it was managed legally.
How can you report illegal waste management?
You can report illegal waste management to Crimestoppers or to the Northern Ireland Environment Agency's Environmental Crime Unit.
What you should do:
- visually try to work out what sort of waste it is and how much of it there is
- make a note of the dates and times you saw any waste being tipped and its exact location
- make a note of how many people were involved if you saw them tipping waste or working on the site
- make a note of the details of any vehicles you saw – make, model, colour, registration number and any livery
- touch waste – it may contain syringes, toxic substances or asbestos
- disturb the site – there may be evidence there that will assist an investigation
- put yourself at risk by tackling anyone you think is involved or by taking photographs or making yourself obvious
For more information about waste crime you can download the following leaflet
Contact Crimestoppers anonymously
- you can call Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111
- or complete the online form on the Crimestoppers website
- Crimestoppers (contacts section)
Contact Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)
You can either contact NIEA anonymously or leave your details:
- you can call NIEA's Environmental Crime Unit on _PHONE_ 9453
- or email _EMAIL_


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Blue Hills Nuclear Power Plant
The Blue Hills Nuclear Power Plant was a proposed commercial nuclear power plant 20 miles northeast of Jasper, Texas.Coordinates: 31°9′N 93°42′W / 31.150°N 93.700°W It was proposed in the 1970s by the Gulf States Utilities Company. One 918 MWe pressurized water reactor was ordered in 1973, and an additional 918 MWe reactor was ordered in 1974 from Combustion Engineering. The two unit power plant proposal was canceled in 1978.
- List of books about nuclear issues
- Nuclear power debate
- Nuclear power in the United States
- List of canceled nuclear plants in the United States
- D. F. Cope; H. F. Bauman (November 1977). Expansion Potential for Existing Nuclear Power Station Sites (PDF) (Report). National Technical Information Service. pp. 16–21. ORNL/TM-5927. Retrieved December 2014 – via Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Check date values in:
- Fred A Heddleson (June 1976). Design Data and Safety Features of Commercial Nuclear Power Plants (PDF) (Report). National Safety Information Center. p. 67. ORNL/NSIC-96. Retrieved December 2014 – via Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Check date values in:
- Nuclear Power Generation and Fuel Cycle Report 1997 Archived October 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. pp. 61-62.


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CME Article: Assessment of the Need for Immediate Trauma Team Presence for Infants Presenting in Cardiac Arrest
AbstractObjectives: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is rare in infants, with the cause of arrest often unknown upon presentation. Nonaccidental trauma is a potential etiology of OHCA among infants, but its occult presentation makes this etiology challenging to diagnose. In the absence of apparent injuries, identifying the need for trauma team activation is difficult during the initial resuscitation of infants with OHCA.
Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of infants younger than 1 year old who presented to Children's National Health System from 2012 to 2016 with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in progress. Medical records and the trauma registry were reviewed for relevant resuscitation information. Autopsy records provided the cause and manner of death, contributing factors to death, and evidence of injury.
Results: Among 592 infants undergoing resuscitation during the study period, 34 infants (5.7%) presented in cardiac arrest. The average age on presentation was 101.2 days (standard deviation 78.7). Most of the patients (n = 32, 94.1%) died in the emergency department, with none surviving to discharge. Among the 32 infants for whom autopsy records were available, the cause of death was nonaccidental trauma in one patient (3.1%).
Conclusions: Infant OHCA had poor outcomes, with trauma as a rare etiology. In the absence of external signs of injury or known injury mechanism, immediate trauma team presence was not beneficial for these infants during the initial resuscitation phase.
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Professor Dr. Michael Ristow's team along with Japanese colleagues from universities in Oita and Hiroshima demonstrated the physiological function of lithium.
To test their theory, the scientists examined the impact of lithium in a concentration that is regularly found in ordinary tap water.
"We found that the mortality rate was considerably lower in those municipalities with more lithium in the drinking water," said Ristow.
In a second experiment, the Jena scientists examined exactly this range of concentration in the model organism C. elegans.
"The average longevity of the worms is higher after they have been treated with lithium at this dosage", Ristow added.
The team also suggested using low-dose lithium as a potential dietary supplement in the future.
"From previous studies we know already that a higher uptake of lithium through drinking water is associated with an improvement of psychological well-being and with decreased suicide rates," Ristow said.
While low-dose lithium uptake on the basis of the new data is clearly thought to be beneficial, more studies will be necessary to thoroughly recommend such a supplementation, the scientists concluded.
The results appear in the online edition of the scientific publication European Journal of Nutrition. (ANI)


- GeneralOpen or Close
 What is CrowdANALYTIX?
 CrowdANALYTIX is an advanced analytics platform that enables data-driven decisions using the wisdom of a global community of data scientists, statisticians and experts on advanced analytics. CrowdANALYTIX solvers enjoy being part of a global community and some of the benefits are:
 1) fun and interesting problem to work
 2) opportunity to challenge yourself and learn new things
 3) network with new people
 4) opportunity to be celebrated personally
 5) freedom to choose what projects, contests and assignments to do
 6) to be a Lead Analyst
 It is a form of social network of people with a common interest - advanced analytics and all its variations. You can send private messages. You can form teams with other solvers. Over time, its features will evolve to address more needs.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX MODELING Challenge?
 Modeling challenges or competitions are defined as problems where processed or raw data is given to the community to build models to predict an outcome variable based on the business objective. Solvers are encouraged to build different varieties of models or features and submit their predicted output for the test data, which is then evaluated based on an evaluation metric like RMSE etc. The scores are then reflected on the public leaderboard for all submissions. Modeling challenges usually run for a period of 3 weeks. Different variations of modeling contests are organized based on the problem definition.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX IDEATION Challenge?
 Ideation challenges are defined as contests where a sample data is provided and solvers are asked to come up with possible solutions and ways to use the data for modeling purposes. The main goal of these contests are to come with solution reports for following: how to most effectively use the data and modeling process for business problem in hand, among others. In some cases, there is no sample data, in which it becomes a reporting problem explaining how the problem can be tackled using analytics.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX VISUALIZATION Challenge?
 Visualization contests are organized for mostly RAW data exploration and to gain actionable insights from the data which can then be presented to the client in a quick and effective manner. It is more visual analytics than pure data visualization. We encourage solvers to come up with statistical insights from raw data and then present in an intuitive and creative manner for the user to base their decisions.
 What is a CrowdANALYTIX LEARNING Challenge?
 Learning challenges form part of contests which are organized for community learning. They might be free or paid depending on the level of problem and are mostly held in collaboration with universities etc. Many times these contests are private contests so individual attention can be given to each participant and help them learn the concepts being covered in the course.
 How do I become a Lead Analyst at CrowdANALYTIX?
 We expect Lead Analysts to have prior experience and expertise in performing similar roles and good domain expertise. They need to be hands-on in the use of relevant tools, and need to have relevant industry experience. Experience on the CrowdANALYTIX platform is a huge positive. Email us to know more.
 I own a boutique company doing advanced analytics. Can my company be a Solver or a Lead Analyst?
 Absolutely. About 10% of the members of our community represent a boutique company. You are welcome to play Lead Analyst roles assuming you have the right levels of experience and expertise.
 - SolverOpen or Close
 How do I register and what information is needed?
 You can register for new account at: _URL_ Please enter a valid email address which is needed for all future communications and account verification. Username, full name and timezone are the only requirements to create a new solver account.
 Where can I change the time zone settings or password?
 Go to Account Settings after logging in and under "Password" tab, there is option to change the timezone. Select your timezone and click change. This would not affect your password. For change of password, enter old and new password to change password.
 How can I delete my account?
 Go to Account Settings after logging in and Click on "Delete Account" tab. Please specify the reason you want to delete the account and we would process your request within the next 24 to 48 hrs.
 How can I update my profile?
 Go to Profile and click "Edit Profile" on right hand side. Here you can update information about your profile like work experience, education etc. and we also encourage you to add tags to describe your skills and domain expertise.
 Why am I being asked for identity information?
 As with any organization, we need a solid handle on who is working on our projects. Some client projects may require additional background and reference checks. Esp. for private contests. Public profile information will also help others users to contact similar users based on interests and improve your network and to form teams for contests.
 How to send private message to another user?
 Messages can be sent via 2 ways.
 A) Go to your inbox (top bar) and click new message. Enter username of user who you want to send message. If you don't know the username, typing few alphabets will give you suggestions for usernames. Select the username you want to send message and enter your message.
 B) Go to a user profile and click on send message on right hand side. This opens a pop up window to send private message.
 - Competitions/ContestsOpen or Close
 How do I submit a response to a contest?
 Contest responses can be submitted only after you "Join" an open contest. After joining the contest, please click on the "Entries" tab on the contest main page. Click "Add an Entry" button. Only pdf, csv, excel, word and zip files are allowed as submissions. Please check the contest description for type of file format to be submitted. Modeling contests only accept csv format. Contest once closed, cannot be participated and hence no responses can be submitted after the deadline.
 How I can participate in private contests?
 Private contests have pre-approved list of participants for learning and university competitions. For some private contests, you can request for an invite. After which a CA manager will contact you and based on the contest requirements, can approve or reject your request. These are handled on a contest by contest basis for each user request. For some private contests: only selected, known solvers, who have signed confidentiality, NDA and other agreements can participate in the contests. Please send an email if you have any queries about private contests.
 After I submit a solution, how much time does it take to be notified of the results?
 For automated leaderboard modeling contests, the resulting score will be emailed to you within 1 or 2 minutes provided your submission file is in the right format. For manual leaderboard modeling contests, the score will be evaluated once or twice a day and an email will be sent to you informing the same. This usually takes maximum of 6 to 8 hours on weekday.
 I cannot see the leaderboard?
 Public leaderboard is only visible for modeling contests to contest participants.
 Is public leaderboard updated for submissions submitted just before the contest deadline?
 Yes. For leaderboard based modeling contests, public leaderboard is updated once after the contest has closed for submissions which have been submitted at the very last minute. You are encouraged to submit response until the last minute. Those responses will be evaluated and scores will be updated on leaderboard. This is valid for both manual and auto-leaderboard.
 How does the public contest leaderboard works?
 The leaderboard for modeling contests can be either automatic or manual. For automatic leaderboard, the system first checks the validity of the response format i.e. correct no. of columns, csv format and no. of rows should be match the submission response format file. If the response file format is not correct-the response is rejected and notification is sent to participant to submit the file again in correct format. The response file submission format is always given as contest document. After the response file format has been checked, the system calculates the response based on the evaluation metric set and the score is updated on the leaderboard (please refresh the page, if you don't see your score on the leaderboard). An email informing the score is also sent to the participant. If the score is greater (or smaller based on contest evaluation criterion) than one already on leaderboard, leaderboard will not be update, only a notification email with score will be sent to the user. This process usually take less than 5 minutes. For manual leaderboard, the responses are evaluated by CA and this usually is done once or twice a day.
 Can I use the competition data for my school projects?
 Please contact us, if you want to use the data for school or university projects. This is evaluated on a cases by case basis based on the data privacy rules for the contest data. Some of the contests are client sponsored and hence the data cannot be used without their explicit permission.
 Can I use the competition data for commercial solutions?
 The CA contest data cannot be used for any commercial use. Please contact us for any enquires.
 Where to download data for open contests?
 The data files for the contest can be downloaded only after you have joined the contest. Go to "Information" tab and click on "Data" tab, from here you can download the contest data files.
 What documents do I need to submit after winning the contests?
 The following documents are needed after you have been declared a contest winner and your code and model has been evaluated by CA:
 A) Passport Copy / Govt. Issued Identity Card
 B) Tax


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Abstract: This animation expresses a meaningful story with the combination of different camera angles to capture the action of stop-motion animation and 2D animation characters.This story suggests that the ultimate damage to the environment is to destroy human beings themselves and to protect the environment, we should start from the care about plants around us.
Project Description:At the beginning of the story, a clay puppet is created to represent human beings, and the puppet deliberately destroys plants as it moves forward. In this part of the story, all the clay characters are recorded by stop-motion animation. Unfortunately, however, the clay puppet later encounters some poisonous flower, and he picks it up with curiosity. The virus infects the puppet quickly, and the virus enters its body. From this moment, all parts of the virus are recorded by 2D animation. The task of the virus is to destroy the red blood cells and the immune system inside the puppet's body. The virus explores in the body and finally meets the immune system and red blood cells, and successfully defeats them. The camera switches to stop-motion animation again then. The clay man slowly changes color as the virus in his body wins. Then it turns into a pool of mud, on which there grow many poisonous flowers.
This story has a typical surreal style, and it is about the fight between the virus and the immune system. I want to use stop-motion animation is that I want to use 3D objects that can be touched as our real world.I used dragon frame to shoot the start and the end of my animation.
The focus of my project is my entire animation is made by hand drawing, including background moving, coloring, and some luminous effects..Because I think that people's hand-painted than the final product made with a lot of software more feel some.In the end i combines procreate, After Effects, and Premiere Pro for machining my final animation.


Question: Why Do Clowns Have Red Noses?
What does the clown emoji mean?
Clown Face was approved as part of Unicode 9.0 in 2016 and added to Emoji 3.0 in 2016..
Who was the first clown ever?
What does being called a clown mean?
1 : farmer, countryman. 2 : a rude ill-bred person : boor. 3a : a fool, jester, or comedian in an entertainment (such as a play) specifically : a grotesquely dressed comedy performer in a circus. b : a person who habitually jokes and plays the buffoon.
When did clowns become scary?
1981Clown sightings First reported in 1981 in Brookline, Massachusetts, children said that men dressed up as clowns had attempted to lure them into a van. The panic spread throughout the US in the Midwest and Northeast.
Why are many clowns referred to as Joey's?
Grimaldi's popularity changed the balance of the evening's entertainment, so that the first, relatively serious, section of the pantomime soon dwindled to "little more than a pretext for determining the characters who were to be transformed into those of the harlequinade." He became so dominant in the harlequinade that …
What does Jester mean?
noun. a person who is given to witticisms, jokes, and pranks. a professional fool or clown, especially at a medieval court.
Why do we wear red noses on Red Nose Day?
The basic answer to this is because Comic Relief runs a charity night every other year called Red Nose Day. These red noses are therefore a symbol to celebrate this event. … They were on the hunt for a charity symbol that was bold and fun but also simple – and it had to be something you could wear.
Who runs Red Nose Day?
Red Nose Day in the United States is a program of Comic Relief US, a U.S. 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Comic Relief US harnesses the power of entertainment to drive positive change to help those who need it most in America and around the world.
Who is the most famous clown ever?
Here's a look at pop culture's most famous clowns.Ronald McDonald.Bozo the Clown.Krusty the Clown.Pennywise the Dancing Clown, a.k.a. It.The Joker.Twisty the Clown.John Wayne Gacy, a.k.a. Pogo the Clown, a.k.a. The Killer Clown.Happy Slappy.More items…•
Who was the first female clown?
Silvia Christoff, "The World's Only Female Clown (1867); and Ada Isaacs (1869) were the toast of Europe for over a decade. By the end of the 19th century, women were proving that they could indeed tell a joke.
Why do clowns wear white makeup?
WHITE-FACE CLOWNS The use of white-face dates back to comic actors featured in ancient Greek plays. In these seminal theatrical extravaganzas, white-face enabled performers to project facial expressions to the back rows of cavernous amphitheatres.
What do clowns wear on their nose?
While Belling's story frames the iconic clown image as a happy accident, many regard the tale as more legend than truth. The exact origin of the clown nose is uncertain, but its role in pop culture is much more assured. Clowns and their signature red noses are as much a symbol of the circus as the tents themselves.
What is a female clown called?
cluntWhat do you call a female clown? A. A clunt.
How did Red Nose Day start?
Red Nose Day history Comic Relief was launched live on Noel Edmonds' Late, Late Breakfast Show on BBC1, on Christmas Day 1985 from a refugee camp in Sudan. … On 8 February 1988, Lenny Henry went to Ethiopia and celebrated the very first Red Nose Day Telethon. Over 150 celebrities and comedians participated.
Who is on Red Nose Day 2020?
The fun kicks off on NBC at 8/7c with a spectacularly over-the-top "Celebrity Escape Room," featuring Ben Stiller, Jack Black, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, and Adam Scott.
What are sad clowns called?
The defining characteristic of Pierrot is his naïveté: he is seen as a fool, often the butt of pranks, yet nonetheless trusting. … Much of that mythic quality ("I'm Pierrot," said David Bowie: "I'm Everyman") still adheres to the "sad clown" of the postmodern era.
Is Joker a clown?
Joker is 100% a clown. … He's a clown in clown makeup wearing a clown costume.
Why do clowns wear makeup?
He asked visitors to put a hand to each cheek, feeling the individual movements of the facial muscles while talking, smiling, or frowning. These micro movements help convey expressions, he explained, and the paint is meant to highlight them. It's different for everyone, as is finding one's "inner clown."
What does the red clown nose mean?
(CNN) You've probably noticed a lot of photos lately of celebrities wearing red clown noses. It's all part of an effort to bring attention to "Red Nose Day," which started in Britain in 1988 to raise money for poverty-stricken children in the UK and Africa.
What is the origin of clowns?
Origin. The clown character developed out of the zanni rustic fool characters of the early modern commedia dell'arte, which were themselves directly based on the rustic fool characters of ancient Greek and Roman theatre. … The harlequinade developed in England in the 17th century, inspired by the commedia dell'arte.
What are the 4 types of clowns?
6 commentsThere are 4 types of clown the whiteface clown,tramp clown,auguste clown and the character clown. It would be easier for people like me who are looking for information if the character clown was included. … There are 4 types of clown the whiteface clown,tramp clown,auguste clown and the character clown.


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IMBISA Bishops call on Leaders of the Member States of the Southern African Development Community, SADC, to respond to the Challenge of Migration caused by Economic Hardships and Conflicts in the Region
The Bishops of the Interregional Meeting of Bishops in Southern Africa, IMBISA, have written a letter to the leaders of the countries that make up the Southern African Development Community, SADC, to give more attention to the economic challenges and conflicts in the region. They note that many people in the region are migrating for economic reasons and going to neighbouring countries in search of survival while others are forced to leave their homes and countries by conflicts. Mention is given of the economic situation in Zimbabwe which has forced thousands of Zimbabweans to migrate to other countries as economic refugees. Another example is Mozambique where the conflict between the government and RENAMO forces has forced hundreds to flee their homes. The Bishops encourage the home countries of the refugees and the host nations to work together to find solutions. They point out that the protection of the lives of the refugees and their families is of paramount importance to the church. They appeal to the SADC leaders not to wait until the situation is out of hand, when foreign powers will come and act as policemen, which is so humiliating for Africa. IMBISA is an association of Catholic Bishops Conferences comprising Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Sao Tome e Principe, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe. Most of the economic refugees in these countries are attracted to go to Botswana and South Africa which are the regional big economies.


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Surprising results in the first genome sequencing of a crustacean
There are many different kinds of crustaceans, ranging from the shellfish Swedish people eat at traditional crayfish parties every August to tiny relatives found in their millions in both freshwater and saltwater. One of the latter, Daphnia pulex, is the first crustacean to have its genome sequenced. A researcher from the University of Gothenburg has made a surprising discovery.
The sequencing has been done in an international research network known as the Daphnia Genomics Consortium. The Swedish contribution the discovery that the genome of Daphnia contains neurotrophins surprisingly shows that the nervous system of crustaceans is more complex than previously believed.
"In mammals, neurotrophins play a role in learning, memory and development of the nervous system. For a long time researchers considered neurotrophins and their receptors to be characteristic of vertebrates, but that is not the case," says Karen Wilson at the Department of Marine Ecology, University of Gothenburg, who is a member of the consortium.
The neurotrophins and their receptors in mammals are known to be sensitive to oxygen deficiency, environmental degradation and toxins. This may mean that the neurotrophins in crustacea are equally exposed.
"This is an important finding, as climate change, acidification and pollution may affect behaviour in crustaceans in both freshwater and marine environments."
Daphnia pulex is a crustacean species half a centimetre in size found in several parts of the world. In Sweden it lives both in lakes, ponds and coastal waters.
Crustaceans represent a highly variable group of animals found in both freshwater and marine environments. Because of their diversity and worldwide distribution, they play an important ecological role. They are also of great economic significance. Some crustacean species are directly consumed by humans (prawns, crayfish, lobster), while others serve as an indirect source of food when crustaceans in the larval stage are eaten by others. Other crustaceans are the cause of costs, such as the salmon louse, a fish parasite that attacks salmonids, and the barnacle, which causes fouling of man-made structures in the sea.


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The US Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a paper—Potential Roles of Ammonia in a Hydrogen Economy: A Study of Issues Related to the Use of Ammonia for On-Board Vehicular Hydrogen Storage—to identify, evaluate, and summarize the key issues and advantages and disadvantages associated with ammonia for on-board vehicular hydrogen storage. DOE is now seeking public comment on the document.
Ammonia has a high capacity for hydrogen storage—17.6 wt.%—based on its molecular structure. The release of hydrogen from ammonia on-board a light duty vehicle, however, is problematic given a number of factors, including energy input requirements, reactor size, slow start-up time, safety and toxicity issues, and the incompatibility of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells in the presence of even trace levels of ammonia (> 0.1ppm).
Simply stated, most of the performance parameters of ammonia reactors would need at least two orders-of-magnitude improvements in order to be used on-board commercially viable hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles.
Due to the above reasons, DOE does not plan to fund R&D to improve ammonia fuel processing technologies for use on board light weight vehicles at the present time. However, a distinction may be made between conventional fuel processing of ammonia (e.g. high temperature, low efficiency, slow start-up/time response crackers) versus novel approaches to store ammonia and release its hydrogen content under conditions available on-board PEM fuel cell vehicles.
As DOE's current portfolio in hydrogen storage evolves, breakthrough approaches that allow the safe, efficient and cost effective use of ammonia-based storage may be considered at a future date.
Ammonia (NH3) is normally produced by the catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen, according to the following basic reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
Ammonia synthesis is usually coupled with hydrogen production from natural gas to increase efficiency. Other hydrocarbon feedstocks can be gasified to form synthesis gas (CO and H2), which can then be reacted with water and nitrogen to produce ammonia.
According to the DOE, current ammonia production based on natural gas as the feedstock produces ammonia with an energy input as low as 6.8 Gcal (LHV)/Mt.
Given the energy content of ammonia, conversion of natural gas to ammonia then is about 60-65% energy efficient; that is, 60-65% of the energy input to the process (mostly methane) is contained in the ammonia product. As stated earlier, ammonia can be produced from other feedstocks, although production is not expected to be as efficient or as cheap as natural gas-based production.
Ammonia decomposition (cracking) is simply the reverse of the synthesis reaction.
NH3(g) → 1/2 N2(g) + 3/2 H2(g)
The reaction is endothermic, with the temperature required for efficient cracking depending upon the catalyst, but typically above 650ºC—well above PEM fuel cell operating temperatures.
Were the DOE to fund research on ammonia at this time, it would focus on the following priorities:
High Efficiency Cracking Catalysts &Reactors;
Purification Systems Coupled to Reactor Designs;
Failsafe Ammonia Tank Designs; and


Mystery object – Frimley Sanatorium
Mystery object 1: an illustration by a patient in a letter sent to the Lady Almoner at Frimley Sanatorium in 1952. Image source: Royal London Hospital Archives & Museum: RLHBH/AL/3/27/9
Mystery object 2: an image from the Wellcome Trust library that is related to Mystery object 1. Image Source: Wellcome Image Library.
Both the illustration and above object performed the same function.
Can anyone name them?
Answer to be published on Friday 17th July.
*** Update. See below for the answer ***
Mystery object 1 is an illustration of an object written by patient WA, a recovered tuberculosis patient, to the Lady Almoner at Frimley Sanatorium. WA refers to it colloquially as a 'Brompton Muzzle' that 'were in common use to ease restricted breathing'.
His illustration features an area for an absorbant sponge along the same lines as the absorbant sponge at the bottom of mystery object 2 which is an illustration of a Burney Yeo mask.
The Lady Almoner contacts the Dispensary in regards to the patient's enquiry, and notes the following:
'Dispensary say that they have a Burney Yeo's improved inhaler which is a different shape but appears to fit over the mouth and nose and is on the same principle. Dispensary say that there should be no difficulty in obtaining this mask. It is in use in most hospitals'.
The Almoner replies, 'I have made enquires in our Dispensary and I find that we have a small mask which serves the purpose that you describe. It is on the same principle, but is a square shape and much smaller.
The 'Burney Yeo' appears to be several iterations of a type mask used in the treatment of tuberculosis in which the patient inhaled an antiseptic liquid via an absorbant material.
If anyone knows of any other examples of the Burney Yeo mask or what the 'solution' that the patient inhaled might have been, please do comment below.
Images submitted by Dr Flora Malein.
Sources used:
The Royal London Hospital Archives and Museum
Wellcome Trust Library


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Cassandra stores replicas on multiple nodes to ensure reliability and fault tolerance. A replication strategy determines the nodes where replicas are placed.
The total number of replicas across the cluster is referred to as the replication factor. A replication factor of 1 means that there is only one copy of each row on one node. A replication factor of 2 means two copies of each row, where each copy is on a different node. All replicas are equally important; there is no primary or master replica. As a general rule, the replication factor should not exceed the number of nodes in the cluster. However, you can increase the replication factor and then add the desired number of nodes later. When replication factor exceeds the number of nodes, writes are rejected, but reads are served as long as the desired consistency level can be met.
Two replication strategies are available:
- SimpleStrategy: Use for a single data center only. If you ever intend more than one data center, use the NetworkTopologyStrategy.
- NetworkTopologyStrategy: Highly recommended for most deployments because it is much easier to expand to multiple data centers when required by future expansion.
- Use only for a single data center. SimpleStrategy places the first replica on a node determined by the partitioner. Additional replicas are placed on the next nodes clockwise in the ring without considering topology (rack or data center location).
- Use NetworkTopologyStrategy when you have (or plan to have) your cluster deployed across
multiple data centers. This strategy specifies how many replicas you want in each data
NetworkTopologyStrategy places replicas in the same data center by walking the ring clockwise until reaching the first node in another rack. NetworkTopologyStrategy attempts to place replicas on distinct racks because nodes in the same rack (or similar physical grouping) often fail at the same time due to power, cooling, or network issues.
When deciding how many replicas to configure in each data center, the two primary considerations are (1) being able to satisfy reads locally, without incurring cross data-center latency, and (2) failure scenarios. The two most common ways to configure multiple data center clusters are:
- Two replicas in each data center: This configuration tolerates the failure of a single node per replication group and still allows local reads at a consistency level of ONE.
- Three replicas in each data center: This configuration tolerates either the failure of a one node per replication group at a strong consistency level of LOCAL_QUORUM or multiple node failures per data center using consistency level ONE.
Asymmetrical replication groupings are also possible. For example, you can have three replicas per data center to serve real-time application requests and use a single replica for running analytics.


Resources for Co-design at POP CoE
CUDA - Compute Unified Device Architecture is a general purpose parallel computing platform and scalable programming model for NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs). It allows C/C++ and Fortran developers to design specific device functions called kernels that are executed in parallel by groups of threads and thus efficiently utilize a large number of CUDA cores available on current GPUs. The CUDA programming model comprises a hierarchy of thread groups, a hierarchy of shared/private memories with separate memory space and synchronization mechanisms. These abstractions provide fine-grained data and thread parallelism, nested within coarse-grained data and task parallelism, e.g. a problem can be partitioned into coarse sub-problems that can be solved independently in parallel by blocks of threads, and each sub-problem can be further divided into finer pieces that can be solved cooperatively in parallel by all threads within the block.
The following programs are implemented using this programming model:


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When implementing a WLAN, the concepts generally associated with network
management come into a whole new light.With a traditional wired LAN, most
network management can be done through configuration of switches, routers,
and the layout of the physical cable plant. Monitoring takes place through management
tools that watch the network through the devices and statistics or networkrelated information can be gathered through these tools.
In a WLAN, it has been difficult to port these types of management tools and
procedures over to a whole new network infrastructure. Most of the existing tools
are not designed to handle WLANs, and the tools that are designed for WLANs
are not necessarily designed to interface well with existing network tools.This has
led to difficulty in WLANs being adopted into corporate environments where network
management is a critical and necessary part of daily operations.
As the wireless technologies improve, more and more tools are available to
help integrate WLANs into an existing wired LAN infrastructure. Obviously, one
of these tools is the subject of this book, the Cisco Wireless-Aware LAN.This
concept is covered later in this chapter and throughout the remainder of the
book.The important point to remember is that wireless technologies evolve almost daily and as time goes on, the integration of WLANs and wired LANs
will become easier to administer and control.


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There are many ways of categorizing umbrellas, with one of them being the number of folding keels supporting the cloth. This keel is also known as the umbrella's skeleton, and we have one (straight), two, three, and five folding umbrellas based on this classification. In this article, we'll examine the differences between 2 fold umbrellas and 3 fold umbrellas.
2 fold umbrellas
A two folding umbrella is one in which the umbrella's skeleton can be folded into two sections. With their durable structures, two folding umbrellas are portable tools for rainy and sunny days.
3 fold umbrellas
A somewhat more common type of folding umbrellas is the three folding one. As its name implies, it is an umbrella with three folding keels, which means it can be folded three times. These umbrellas usually have buttons to close and open them automatically and are classic rain gear to carry around.
Differences between 2fold umbrella and 3 fold umbrella
Based on the structure, 2 fold umbrellas are compact, firm, and made from top quality materials. Furthermore, the rib sizes of two folding umbrellas vary, with the norm being that the first rib is slightly longer than the second rib.
3 fold umbrellas are just as compact and firmly structured as their two folding counterparts. They are of moderate weights and lengths, with the first rib usually being the shortest. Three folding umbrellas are widely used and made of good quality as well.
Another difference between two folding and three folding umbrellas is how they are styled. The former is of European style, which is usually high-grade. Even after folding them, they are generally quite large.
On the other hand, three folding umbrellas are of both European and mainstream styles. They are characterized by being light, pencil-like, and thin, after they are folded.
Based on their function, two folding umbrellas sport the windproof functionality of long handle umbrellas, which makes them much easier to carry around than straight umbrellas. Many manufacturers make this type of umbrellas to be rainproof and also sun-protecting. The slight setback of two folding umbrellas is that you'll need to take off the bones piece by piece when closing the umbrella.
Three folding umbrellas are small and easy to carry around. But when it comes to their function in resisting winds and heavy rains, they are inferior to two folding and long, straight umbrellas.
Generally speaking, two folding umbrellas are middle to high-grade umbrellas with excellent workmanship and materials, including embroidery, printing, lace. Because of these top-notch designs and craft, two folding umbrellas are usually high-priced.
The more common alternative is three folding umbrellas. They are middle to low-end umbrellas and are of many types. Three folding umbrellas are usually less expensive than their two folding counterparts.
On the differences in their use, two folding umbrellas are more suitable for heavy and windy rainy weather. Three folding umbrellas are not so good in resisting this type of weather, even though they are easy to carry about.
How to choose an excellent folding umbrella
Now, let's look at some of the things that'll influence the folding umbrella you get.
- The cloth: The first thing that'll attract you to any umbrella you pick up is its cloth. They are indispensable and the main parts of the umbrella, because they provide the shade or protection we need. There are many types of umbrella clothes, so before you get one, make sure you've had a good look at the alternatives. Your goal should be to get a folding umbrella with a durable cloth that'll withstand heavy winds and rain.
- The handle: The next factor that should influence the folding umbrella you get is the umbrella's handle. Remember that this is the part you'll be holding, for the most part, so make sure it is very comfortable to grasp. Usually, folding umbrellas have plastic handles that act as insulators during thunderstorms. Folding umbrellas' handles have two major designs: the straight and curved handle designs. The curved one allows for more grip and is comfortable to hold for an extended period. However, they are usually not found in high-priced umbrellas. So, be sure to test both designs of folding umbrella handles before you get one.
- The shaft: The shaft is located just above the handle. It is the part of the umbrella that holds the entire framework in place. So, if you see a firm folding umbrella, chances are that the shaft is rigid. When getting a folding umbrella, ensure that you give the shaft a good shake. If the umbrella parts don't come loose, then the umbrella framework is as firm as it should be. This means that the folding umbrella will withstand wind and rain better, with its firm structure.
- The size: Finally, the size of a folding umbrella should play a decisive role in which you eventually go for. Folding umbrellas have several sizes, so you'll have lots of options to pick from. But the size of the one you choose should fit your lifestyle and what you intend to use it for. If you'll be commuting, then there's no need to get a large folding umbrella. It'll probably be better to get something light and easy to carry about. Don't forget to consider the folding umbrella's size when closed too.
There are quite a lot of folding umbrellas, but the two folding and three folding ones are some of the most common. At first glance, it doesn't seem that there is much to distinguish between the two types of umbrellas. But a closer look at its skeleton will reveal the fundamental difference between two folding and three folding umbrellas.
In this guide, we've differentiated the two common types of folding umbrellas thoroughly. We've also had a look at some factors that should influence your decision on which one to get. With these, you should have all you need to spot the two types of folding umbrellas and know which is best suited for your lifestyle.


text: The high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) observation was carried out to investigate the microstructure of precipitates in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. In the early stage of aging at 423K, monoatomic layers were observed along the (1 1 00)Mg plane. After 64h aging at 423K, the contrast of β" phase based on ordered D019 hexagonal super lattice structure was appeared. The monoatomic layers, two layers spaced by (1 1 00) Mg planes and β' phase based on bco-structure were observed in the specimen aged for 128h. In the peakaged specimen, the β' phase and monoatomic layers were observed.


March 27, 2013
Under California Penal Code section 261, rape is defined as an act of sexual intercourse with someone other than your spouse that is accomplished with the use of force, threat or fraud.
Prosecution for Rape in Ventura
To secure a conviction against you for rape in Ventura, the prosecutor must prove the following:
1. You had sexual intercourse with the victim;
2. You were not married to the victim at the time of intercourse;
3. The victim did not consent to the intercourse; AND
4. You accomplished the intercourse with the use of force, threat or fraud.
Sentencing and Punishment for Rape in Ventura
The sentencing for a rape conviction in Ventura can be severe. Under California law, rape is a felony, punishable by a prison term of up to eight years in state prison. If the victim sustains great bodily injury as a result of the rape, the judge may impose an additional prison term of up to five years. If convicted, you will likely be required to register as a sex offender under PC 290 (link).
Defenses to Rape in Ventura
Fortunately, your Ventura Wallin & Klarich Rape Defense Attorneys can obtain the best possible outcome in your case by using a variety of defenses, including:
False Accusations
An accuser may have falsely claimed rape due to jealousy or anger towards you. Your Ventura Wallin & Klarich Rape Defense Attorneys can search emails, voicemails, and other communications between you and your accuser (or even the accuser and a third party) to help reveal his or her dishonest motives. In addition, your Wallin & Klarich Attorneys will carefully examine the victim's history of allegations to determine whether a suspicious pattern of false accusations exists.
Mistaken Identity
If a victim was unable to properly and correctly identify his or her attacker, this defense applies. For example, the victim may have had difficulty accurately identifying his or her attacker if:
- The act took place under dim lighting;
- The attacker was wearing a physical disguise;
- The victim was intoxicated at the time of the act; or
- The victim was involved in a prejudicial police line-up.
If you reasonably believed that the victim consented to intercourse, then you have a complete defense to rape. The jury will examine the circumstances surrounding the incident and determine whether your belief that the victim consented was reasonable.
If the victim initially consented to the intercourse, but later withdrew his or her consent, you can still be charged with rape if:
1. The victim communicated to you that she objects to the intercourse and wishes to stop;
2. The victim communicated his or her objection through words or actions that a reasonable person would understand as lack of consent; AND
3. You forcibly continued the act of intercourse despite the objections.
Ventura Rape Defense Attorneys at Wallin & Klarich
If you are being accused of rape in Ventura, Wallin & Klarich can help. With offices in Orange County, Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Victorville, West Covina, Torrance, and Sherman Oaks, our highly skilled and professional Ventura Rape Defense Attorneys have over 30 years of experience successfully defending clients against rape charges.
Call us today at _PHONE_ or fill out our confidential form online. We will be there when you call.
Author:Stephen D. Klarich
Contact Us


Common Name: Pine Moth or Pine Lappet Moth
Latin Name: Dendrolimus pini
Main Host(s): Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), occasionally other conifers such as Fir (Abies), Spruce (Picea) and Larch (Larix).
Life Cycle
The Pine Moth generally produces one generation a year, although some individuals can require two years to complete development. After overwintering in the litter on the forest floor, the young larvae move into the forest canopy in the early spring (March-April) and resume feeding on the foliage. The larvae molt several times in June-July, and then pupate in bark crevices, or on needles and branches. A month later, the adult moths emerge and begin their evening mating flights. The female lays approximately 200 eggs, in groups of 20 to 100 eggs, on twigs, needles and the bark of host trees. Less than a month later, the eggs hatch from the spindle-shaped pupae and the young larvae start to migrate and feed. Pine Moth larvae are covered with long bristles and are easily dispersed by the wind to colonize new host trees. The larvae first feed on their egg shell then move onto needles until mid-late autumn (October-November), when they move to the ground to overwinter in the litter as mid-instar larvae.
Impact & Damage
The Pine Moth is a native European insect that feeds mostly upon Scots Pine but it can defoliate other Pine species as well as conifers (Larch, Fir, and Spruce). It is found throughout Europe, ranging from Western Asia and south to North Africa where it may be found at higher elevations.
In Poland, the Pine Moth has proven to be a significant defoliator of Scot Pine and it is a periodic but significant defoliator in Germany and some of the other northern European countries.
Extensive defoliation can cause significant impact on individual tree and forest health. As with many defoliators, even one year of defoliation can cause a reduction in growth and yield. Several years of defoliation can cause significant tree and stand mortality.The genus Dendrolimus counts around 30 species that can cause serious damage to conifer trees. One of the most common in this genus is Dendrolimus sibirius, the Siberian Moth, which is a widespread pest on the Asian continent. It is similar to D. pini, except that it usually requires two years to complete its life cycle. Similarly, the Siberian Moth can also severely damage large area of coniferous forests.
References & Sources:
European Plant Protection Organization
Forestry Images
Purdue University
Larval Stage Source: Hannes Lemme,
Pupal Stage Source: Hammes Lemme,
Egg Stage Source: Hammes Lemme,
Product Literature


A module to re-export most of the functionality of the diagrams core and standard library.
Core library
The core definitions of transformations, diagrams, backends, and so on.
Standard library
Attributes (color, line style, etc.) and styles.
General alignment of diagrams.
Combining multiple diagrams into one.
Linear and cubic bezier segments.
Trails and paths.
Some additional transformation-related functions, like conjugation of transformations.
Convenient definitions and
A wide range of things (shapes, transformations, combinators) specific to creating two-dimensional diagrams.
Various utility definitions.
Convenience re-exports
A large list of color names.
Monoids show up all over the place, so things from Data.Monoid often come in handy.
For computing with vectors.
For computing with points and vectors.