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Comments not showing on YouTube can take your video-viewing experience down a few notches. We use this section to gather all 'behind the scenes' information while others visit it to determine if the content is worth watching or not.
Regardless of the reason you scroll down to YouTube's comment section, it's safe to state they hold significant importance to the users. Unfortunately, this section is often inaccessible due to certain errors or glitches, particularly in the Chrome browser.
YouTube comments not loading is, in fact, among the most vexing matters users face on this entertainment website. On the brighter side, this article contains a step-by-step guide on how to fix it. So, if your YouTube comments won't load, here is what you need to do.
How To Fix YouTube Comments Not Loading?
One of the basic ways to enable YouTube comments is to run a rudimentary troubleshooting routine. Don't know how to do it? It's easy: just follow the below-mentioned steps.
Reload the entire page: Oftentimes, a simple reload can remove basic glitches on the page, thereby making the comments visible again.
Be patient: Maybe you're not at fault here. The bug could be on the other end of the table (from YouTube), and it may resolve itself after a few minutes.
Restart Your Router
If your YouTube comments don't load even after reloading the page or patiently waiting, then you may have an issue with your internet connection. To resolve this, restart your router by doing the following:
- Turn off your router through the dedicated switch on it (recommended), or remove its power cable. Note:
- Turn off your CPU (or your smartphone, if that's where the problem has occurred)
- Wait for a few minutes before restarting both the router and the CPU.
This drill usually works in the case of minor bugs, but if you still can't see comments on the YouTube app or desktop, then you'd have to dig deeper into the root cause.
Perform A Hard Refresh
Do not confuse this with formatting your device. Hard refresh means clearing your entire browsing data, cookies, and cache. These are bits of information that your device gathers to make your experience even more seamless. However, sometimes it backfires as the cache may hinder basic YouTube functionalities, including YouTube comments not showing.
Here is how to perform a hard refresh on Windows and Mac devices:
- Windows: Press the F5 and Control (Ctrl) button simultaneously to clean browsing data, cookies, and cache.
- Mac: Press Option, Command, and simultaneously to remove the abovementioned data.
Clear Browser Data
The constant accumulation of browser data is disruptive and sometimes interrupts your browsing or causes other technical issues, including the error "YouTube Comments not Showing."
In simple words, this means that you need to regularly delete this data which includes data history and cookies. You may do this by performing a hard refresh on your PC, which will reload the YouTube page and clear your browser data, or you can clear all of your browsing data.
Here is how to clear your browsing data on Windows and Mac devices:
From Chrome (Windows)
- Select 'Settings' from the three-dotted menu symbol in the top-right corner of the browser (next to the address bar).
- Click on 'Clear browsing data' after selecting 'privacy and security.'
- Choose whether you wish to erase the browser's data for the last 24 hours, seven days, the entire month, or All-Time from the Time range drop-down menu.
- Examine all of the browsing data options before pressing the Clear data button.
- Refresh the page and check if you see comments.
From Safari (Mac)
- Open Safari, click on 'safari', and then select 'preferences'.
- Select 'Advanced' from the bar and click on the box next to 'show develop in menu bar'.
- Select 'Empty caches' after clicking on 'develop' from the menu bar.
- Click on Safari from the menu bar to select 'clear history' to delete cookies and other browsing data.
- Click 'clear'.
Clear YouTube App Cache
If you have tried loading comments on your phone and they are still not showing up, you should try clearing the YouTube App cache as it is one of the most effective methods.
Here is how to clear App cache on android and IOS devices:
- Go to settings.
- Select 'Apps and notifications'.
- Press' YouTube'.
- Select storage, and from there, press on 'clear data' and 'clear cache'.
- Simply uninstall the app to clear all the App cache.
- Reset Chrome Setting
So you've discovered that a specific web browser is generating the "YouTube comments not showing" bug. After resetting your chrome settings, your web browser will revert back to its default settings.
This is a good troubleshooting option for a variety of issues that impair the browser's functionality and the performance of various websites.
Reset Chrome Settings On Windows And Mac?
From Chrome (windows)
- Select 'settings' from the drop-down menu after clicking on the three dots.
- Click 'reset and clean up' from 'advanced'.
- Choose 'Restore settings to their original defaults.'
- Click 'reset settings' in the new window pop-up.
From Safari (mac)
- Open Safari, click 'safari' from the menu bar, and click 'preferences'.
- Click 'manage website data' after selecting 'privacy'.
- Select 'remove all' and then select 'remove now'.
- Disable Adblocker/extension
Adblockers and other extensions sometimes interfere with elements of a website that could even include the YouTube comments not showing error.
With that information, we recommend that you disable any adblockers or extensions and reload YouTube to check if this is the problem.
Disabling Adblockers/Extensions On Windows And Mac
- Click the three dots on the upper right corner and hover over 'more tools'.
- Click extensions.
- Turn the switches off and reload YouTube to see if this was the cause.
- Open Safari, click 'safari' from the menu bar, and click 'preferences'.
- Click on 'extensions'.
- Uncheck the box next to all the extensions and reload YouTube to see if this was the cause.
Disable Proxy/VPN Settings
Using a proxy server on your computer may cause troubles with YouTube video comments and other Chrome connectivity issues. If your computer uses a proxy connection, turn it off and see if the problem goes away.
Here is how to disable proxy/VPN settings on Windows and Mac devices.
- Click on the 'advanced' drop-down button after launching chrome settings.
- Select 'open your computer's proxy settings.
- This will take you to the network settings page on your computer, where you can disable any active proxy connections. Disable all of them.
- Open the Apple menu and click 'system preferences'.
- Select 'network'.
- Select a Wi-Fi network and click 'advanced'.
- Select 'proxies' and deselect all the boxes under 'select a protocol to configure'.
- Click 'ok'.
Check Incognito Mode
When you use the incognito mode, there are no plugins used or browser data collected. This can help you solve your issue.
Here is how to use incognito mode on Windows, Mac, and the app:
- Press Ctrl, shift, and N buttons simultaneously.
- From Safari
- Press Command, shift, and N buttons simultaneously.
- Tap on your profile and select 'turn on incognito'.
- Try on a different browser
Sometimes chrome also malfunctions. Thus, using other browsers such as Firefox or Opera may be the solution to your problem. Try using other preinstalled browsers and see if YouTube comments are loading accurately.
Update Chrome Browser
Ensure that your browser is up to date. To update it, type 'chrome://settings/help' in the address bar and press enter. The browser will check the updates and ask you to download one if there are any. However, be sure to re-launch the browser.
Wait For The Update
If nothing seems to work in your favor, it is possible that there is a bug in the app itself. It is possible that the app developers of YouTube and resolving the issue. For this reason, we advise you to wait for a few days and check if there is an update.
- How to Hide YouTube Bar When Paused?
- How to Flip a YouTube Video Horizontally?
- What Is Unlisted vs Private on YouTube?
Mentioned above are a few quick fixes for you in case if YouTube comments are not loading for you. We hope that you were able to find a solution and fix your problem with our easy guide and are now viewing those YouTube comments.


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Changing Combinations - The Passback
The challenge lies in the potential for teams to quickly convert a losing combination to a winning one by a simple Passback, slowing an opponent so that a teammate moves ahead. Slowing techniques may be accomplished by luffing or Ragging on an opponent or Pinning her beyond the layline and forcing her to sail a longer distance, helping a team mate to move ahead. Simply described, a passback is a technique used by a competitor to cause an opponent to lose one or more positions and effectively bring a teammate ahead one or more positions.
An upwind passback or is performed by a competitor to weather of an opponent luffing her jib on the leeward opponent so that they both slow down. Meanwhile, a teammate to leeward of both boats goes fast and moves ahead of the opponent to weather. The passback becomes more challenging when the opponent in the middle effectively luffs and slows the third boat to leeward. With all this luffing going on, two team mates are going slowly while only one of the other team is going slowly. This means that the two other opponents may be going fast elsewhere on the race course. Obviously, a passback quickly accomplished is desirable for the team dedicating two boats. This is demonstrated in Figure 1.
At times, with the three boat set up described above, it is more advantageous to execute a Speed Passback. This would be the case when the opponent in the middle has a poor position on your teammate to leeward. With a speed passback, just the bad air from the weather teammate would be enough to slow the opponent in the middle, pass her back, and bring the leeward teammate ahead. A speed passback does not require luffing and would be best utilized when speed is vital and the weather teammate does not want to lose her position in the race by luffing and slowing.
Another form of passback is accomplished when a teammate forces an opponent beyond a layline, making both of them travel a further distance while a teammate who was behind goes the shorter distance and passes a mark ahead of both. A mark passing passback is demonstrated in Figure 11 and Figure 14.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Pages 3 (753 words)
Name: Institution: Course: Date: "First" American Music The history of American music can be traced back to early 17th century which was associated with Indian Americans. During this time, music was mostly sung in places of warship. However, the industry has witnessed tremendous growth since then.
The objective of this paper is to explore the "First" American music written by Charles Ives, Antonin Dvorak and Louis M. Gottschalk. It will then recommend who among the three composers deserves the most credit for writing a distinctive American sound. Charles Ives Charles Edward Ives was an American modernist composer born in 1874 and later died in 1954. He is one among the first American composers of international renown. However, at the beginning, his music was not received well among the people until late when his work came to be regarded as "American Original." He trained in music at Yale. In tailoring himself to the audience, through music and in person, Ives appeals to the experiences he share with them. He composed several mature and appealing pieces which focused on shared experiences. Through art songs, chamber songs, sonatas, and symphonic works among them being Classic-Romantic traditions, Ives pieces of work introduce elements from other traditions of Native America (Burkholder 21). His pieces of compositions suggest extra musical meanings be it those pertaining to programs or those suggesting a certain character....
Not exactly what you need?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In the United States, traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of injury-related deaths. Sedra Davis '14 and Claudia D'Adamo '13, along with Assistant Professor of Computer Science Tom Armstrong, are hoping to change that. Through the use of technology, they are working to improve the chances for recovery in critically injured patients.
The three are examining vital-signs data to find common patterns across patients. These patterns will be used to alert health care providers about the need for medical intervention and to predict patient outcomes.
"Computing is changing the way that other disciplines approach asking and answering questions," says Armstrong. "Opportunities like this provide experiences that will be useful regardless of the path Sedra and Claudia choose: graduate education, professional education, or industry."


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Konotop (Конотоп) is a city in northern Ukraine within the Sumy Oblast. Konotop is the center of the Konotop Raion (district), and is located about 129km from Sumy, the Oblast capital. It is host to Konotop air base.
During the beginning of the 17th Century
, Ukrainian Cossacks
were first based in that area. The settlement was first mentioned in 1635
in various documents as Novoselitsa
. In 1642
a Polish fortress was built in that place named after the river Konotopka
. Probably the river disappeared, and another one was created, Yezuch. The fortification became a key point in the struggle against the Moscow state. Some historians suppose that Konotop was inhabited even before the Tatar-Mongolian invasion. A legend says that during the Tatar cavalry movement in this region many horses and warriors drowned in the swamps, that's why the area was named "Konotop" - a swampy land or a horse-ford where horses drowned.
There is another legend about the origination of the name. According to it, there was an accident with tsaritsa (queen), whose carriage and escort got stuck and drowned in this swampy land. The tsaritsa was rescued, but her possessions and guards were lost. She asked, "what is this place, where horses drown?" So it was called Konotop.
In 1659 the Battle of Konotop took place near the city, in which Poles, Crimean Tatars, and Ukrainian Cossacks lead by Ivan Vyhovsky defeated Russian-Ukrainian forces. In 1782 Konotop was granted municipal rights.
Economy and Transport
Konotop is an important mechanical engineering center, food production center, and an important transportation center. Various railroad connections from Konotop are: Bakhmach
, and Bryansk
. The city has a tramway
, which is the smallest city in the country with its own tram system.


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In This Section:
Some information in this chapter applies only to block storage databases and is not relevant to aggregate storage databases.
To create an application and database:
See Creating a Database.
An Essbase application is a management structure that contains one or more Essbase databases and related files. Essbase applications and databases reside on an Essbase Server. The server computer can store multiple applications.
An Essbase database is a data repository that contains a multidimensional data storage array. A multidimensional database supports multiple views of data so that users can analyze the data and make meaningful business decisions. See Understanding Multidimensional Databases and Storage Allocation.
Files that are related to databases are called artifacts (or objects). Database artifacts perform actions against one or more Essbase databases, such as defining calculations or reporting against data. By default, artifacts are stored in their associated database folder on the Essbase Server, and can also be saved to a client computer or to other available network directories. You cannot, however, load data or calculate data on a client computer.
Some of these artifacts are optional, such as calculation scripts and LROs. See Application and Database File Types.
Database outlines define the structure of a multidimensional database, including all the dimensions, members, aliases, properties, types, consolidations, and mathematical relationships. The structure defined in the outline determines how data is stored in the database.
When a database is created, Essbase creates an outline for that database automatically. The outline has the same name as the database (dbname.otl). For example, when the Basic database is created within the Sample application, an outline is created in the following directory:
An Essbase database contains no data when it is created. Data load rules files are sets of operations that Essbase performs on data from an external data source file as the data is loaded, or copied, into the Essbase database. Dimension build rules files create or modify the dimensions and members in an outline dynamically based on data in an external data source. Rules files are typically associated with a particular database, but you can define rules for use with multiple databases. One rules file can be used for both data loads and dimension builds. Rules files have a.rul extension.
Calculation scripts are text files that contain sets of instructions telling Essbase how to calculate data in the database. Calculation scripts perform calculations different from the consolidations and mathematical operations that are defined in the database outline. Because calculation scripts perform specific mathematical operations on members, they are typically associated with a particular database. You can, however, define a calculation script for use with multiple databases. Calculation scripts files have a.csc extension.
Report scripts are text files that contain data retrieval, formatting, and output instructions to create a report from the database. Report scripts are typically associated with a particular database, but you can define a report script for use with multiple databases. Report scripts have a.rep extension.
Essbase provides a comprehensive system for managing access to applications, databases, and other artifacts. Each application and database contains its own security definitions that restrict user access.
Within Spreadsheet Add-in, users can create and save queries using Query Designer (EQD). Users with access to the query can access it later. Query files created using Query Designer have a.eqd extension.
The triggers feature enables efficient monitoring of data changes in a database. If data breaks rules that you specify in a trigger, Essbase logs relevant information in a file or, for some triggers, sends an e-mail alert; for example, to notify the sales manager if, in the Western region, sales for a month fall below sales for the equivalent month in the previous year.
When you create an application on the Essbase Server, Essbase creates a subdirectory for the application on the Essbase Server in the ARBORPATH/app directory. The new subdirectory has the same name as the application; for example, ARBORPATH/app/app1. In Administration Services Console, applications and databases are displayed in a tree structure in Enterprise View.
Before naming the application, see Naming Restrictions for Applications and Databases.
You can also create an application that is a copy of an existing application. See Copying or Migrating Applications.
When you create a database, Essbase creates a subdirectory for the database within the application directory. The new subdirectory has the same name as the database; for example, ARBORPATH/app/app1/dbname1. In Administration Services Console, applications and databases are displayed in a tree structure in Enterprise View.
You can create normal databases or currency databases. See Designing and Building Currency Conversion Applications.
Before naming the database, see Naming Restrictions for Applications and Databases.
To create a database, use a tool:
Except for databases requiring use of the Currency Conversion option, creating one database per application is recommended.
A database note can provide useful information when you need to broadcast messages to users about the status of a database, deadlines for updates, and so on. Users can view database notes in Spreadsheet Add-in.
For example, many reports depend on reporting periods; if you generate a report based on the current month, you must update the report script manually every month. With a substitution variable, such as CurMnth, set on the server, you can change the assigned value each month to the appropriate time period. When you use the variable name in a report script, the information is dynamically updated when you run the final report.
See Using MDX Formulas.
See these Oracle Essbase Administration Services Online Help topics: "Setting Headers in the Rules File" and "Mapping Field Names."
See Oracle Essbase SQL Interface Guide.
See Oracle Essbase SQL Interface Guide.
See the Oracle Essbase Spreadsheet Add-in User's Guide.
The substitution variable name must comprise alphanumeric characters or underscores ( _ ) and cannot exceed the limit specified in Limits.
The substitution variable name cannot include nonalphanumeric characters, such as hyphens (-), asterisks (*), and slashes (/). Do not use spaces, punctuation marks, or brackets ([ ]) in substitution variable names used in MDX.
If substitution variables with the same name exist at server, application, and database levels, the order of precedence for the variables: a database-level substitution variable supersedes an application-level variable, which supersedes a server-level variable.
The substitution variable value may contain any character except a leading ampersand (&). The substitution variable value cannot exceed the limit specified in Limits.
To set a substitution variable value to a duplicate member name, use the qualified member name enclosed in double quotation marks; for example, a value for &Period could be ".[Qtr1]".
If a substitution variable value is a member name that begins with a numeral or contains spaces or any of the special characters listed in Naming Restrictions in Calculation Scripts, Report Scripts, Formulas, Filters, and Substitution and Environment Variable Values, different rules apply for how you enter the variable:
If it is not used in MDX statements, enclose a substitution variable value in quotation marks; for example, if the variable name is Month, and its corresponding value is 01 (corresponding to January), place quotation marks around 01 ("01"). Substitution variables usually are used with block storage databases; they are not used in MDX statements.
If a substitution variable value is numeric or a member name starting with a numeral or containing the special characters referred to above is to be used both in MDX and non-MDX situations, create two substitution variables, one without the value enclosed in quotation marks and one with the value in quotation marks.
You can set substitution variables on the Essbase Server at the server, application, or database level. Before setting a substitution variable, see Rules for Setting Substitution Variable Names and Values.
To set a substitution variable, use a tool:
To ensure that a new substitution variable value is available in formulas, partition definitions, and security filters, stop and restart the application. All other uses of substitution variables are dynamically resolved when used.
To delete a substitution variable, use a tool:
You can modify or update existing substitution variables. Before updating a substitution variable, see Rules for Setting Substitution Variable Names and Values.
To update a substitution variable, use a tool:
A location alias is a descriptor for a data source. A location alias maps an alias name for a database to the location of that database. A location alias is set at the database level and specifies an alias, a server, an application, a database, a user name, and a password. Set the location alias on the database on which the calculation script is run.
You can use location aliases only with the _USER_ and _USER_ functions. With _USER_, you can retrieve a data value from another database to include in a calculation on the current database. In this case, the location alias points to the database from which the value is to be retrieved. With _USER_, you can write values to another Essbase database, or to the same database. See the Oracle Essbase Technical Reference.
The following considerations apply when using location aliases in secure (SSL) mode:
To enable Essbase to use SSL connectivity, you must set ENABLESECUREMODE to TRUE.
If the location alias is being set up to a secure port, you must append :secure to the server name specification. For example, using MaxL,
create location alias EasternDB from Sample.Basic to East.Sales at Easthost:6423:secure as User1 identified by password1;
To edit or delete a location alias, use a tool:


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J Cancer 2011; 2:425-434. doi:10.7150/jca.2.425
A Meta-Analysis of the Shortand Long-Term Results of Randomized Controlled Trials That Compared Laparoscopy-Assisted and Conventional Open Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
1. Department of Surgery, Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital
2. Department of Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital
3. Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the shortand long-term results of laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCRS) and conventional open surgery (OCRS) for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods: We searched relevant papers published between January 1990 and May 2011. We analyzed the outcomes of each type of surgery over the shortand long-term periods.
Results: In the short-term period, we found no significant differences in overall perioperative complications and anastomotic leakage between LCRS and OCRS groups. We found no significant differences in overall, distant, local and wound-site recurrence, overall mortality, 3 and 5 year disease-free survival rate, and cancer-related mortality between the 2 groups.
Conclusions: LCRS has the benefits of reducing intraoperative blood loss, earlier resumption of oral intake, and shorter duration of hospital stay in the short-term. The long-term outcomes of LCRS seem to be similar to those of OCRS.
Keywords: meta-analysis, laparoscopy-assisted colorectal surgery, colorectal cancer
Ohtani H, Tamamori Y, Arimoto Y, Nishiguchi Y, Maeda K, Hirakawa K. A Meta-Analysis of the Shortand Long-Term Results of Randomized Controlled Trials That Compared Laparoscopy-Assisted and Conventional Open Surgery for Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2011; 2:425-434. doi:10.7150/jca.2.425. Available from _URL_


Site Map
Writting a business introductory letter
The difference between you clinching an order following a sales lead is the introductory letter you send to an importer. Indeed an introductory letter is like a job application letter – it needs to grab the reader by their neck within the first few sentences or it will end up at the bottom of the waste paper basket.
This letter is basically an overview of your business that is designed to seize your target consumers' attention and hopefully have them walking through your shop door, dialling your number or e-mailing you.
Introduction letters are generally the first interaction you have with the potential buyer. In essence it is your sales person and should be able to attract instant attention.
An introductory business letter has one purpose; to quickly communicate information from you to the potential buyer and elicit response from the reader.
The letter must be brief and concise, written in a friendly tone. It should be smooth flowing and easily understood. The following are major factors to be observed when developing a successful introductory letter.
 1. Layout (changing text colours, spacing and size can work to draw attention to your letter if used appropriately and in moderation). For example font "Times New Romans" is good at size 12. Avoid fancy fonts or graphics done in a fancy style.
 2. Formatting. Ensure that your letter is justified to make it look neat.
Contents of a Business Introductory Letter
A good business introductory letter that will attract response from a potential buyer should be maximum one (1) page and contain the following;
Upper heading: - The exporters official contact address. (Note, if you use Letter Head with your company logo, the upper heading is not required)
Lower heading: - Importer's/buyer's official contact address.
The body of the business letter should be laid out as follows;
Greetings/ salutation: Dear Sir/ Madam…..Body of the letter maximum ½ page of two paragraphs
Brief introduction of the company.
Brief response to the business enquiry.
Include website address in the letter to draw the attention of the client
Include important certificates/permits which you have for exporting e.g. Exporter Code Number, HCDA Export Permit, Phytosanitary Certificate, KEBs Analysis Certificate, Certificate of Origin, Membership Certificate to an exporting association, etc. These serve to enhance your credibility.
Signoff the letter: Write your names and your title
Attachments to Accompany the Business Introductory Letter
Company profile detailing the business
Product Brochure (Soft copy to be attached on the email)
Have clear pictures of the products your company offers
Clearly describe the products, code them and include price list
Links to your website (if you have one)
This is a good alternative to Product Brochure & Business Card.
Include the website address in the business letter
Testimonials including certificates, buyers commendation, licences, etc.
Email address (Do not use general emails e.g. yahoo, hotmail, gmail etc.).
To create a business email, you can contact internet service providers such as Wananchi Online, KenyaWeb, Access Kenya, Karibu Telkom, UUNET, Dotsavvy
Other documents checklist at the time of exporting - Refer to product-specific procedures for exporting which are available from the EPC / CBIK Offices


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Etching of the north face, circa 1880, with Jefferson statue set up by President James Polk (The Pictorial History of the United States 1882)
The south face, circa 1870, with the large conservatories on the west side (Library of Congress - moderately restored)
"Steamboat Gothic" and Tiffany Glass
In 1873, US Grant converted the White House to a high Victorian style called "pure Greek" by some but openly mocked by others as "steamboat gothic." Most of the rooms were given a large-scale geometric pattern from floor to ceiling in panels, and the Andrew Jackson chandeliers were replaced by more elaborate chandeliers.
This was further enhanced by Louis Comfort Tiffany with Tiffany glass windows, gaslight fixtures, and other ornamentation in the 1882. Densely-patterned wallpaper dominated in most rooms, and the East Room in particular was turned into something of an enormous parlor, with sofas, chairs, and potted plants all around.
Electric lights were introduced in 1891 (by Edison electrician Ike Hoover, who stayed on to eventually become chief usher) and replaced gaslights entirely in 1901. And the White House had its first hydraulic elevator installed in 1881, its first electric elevator in 1898.
Throughout the Gilded Age, first families sought ways to enlarge the White House to remove the government offices from the family residence. First Lady Caroline Harrison, in particular, championed an extensive expansion plan that would have tripled the size of the mansion by adding virtual duplicates of the Residence on the east and west sides and moving the conservatories to the south side.
In his memoirs, Chief Usher Ike Hoover described what the ground floor when he first came to the White House in 1891 to install electrical lighting:
When Mrs. Harrison's plan for a new executive mansion at the head of Sixteenth Street failed to gain support, Hoover wrote:
Return to the Residence Overview
The East Room, circa 1894, during the Benjamin Harrison administration (Benjamin Harrison Home)
Grover Cleveland's State Dining Room, with Tiffany glass, in 1890, looking southwest (Library of Congress - Frances Benjamin Johnston)
The old west staircase before the remodeling under Theodore Roosevelt, looking west, circa 1890
The Red Room with Tiffany decor for Arthur, circa 1883 (Library of Congress)
The Entrance Hall in 1882, with the new Tiffany glass screen
(White House Historical Association [Library of Congress] - Frances Benjamin Johnston)
The north face in mourning, following the assassination of President Garfield, 1881 (Library of Congress)
First floor plan of the White House around 1880
Second floor plan of the White House around 1880
Computer reconstruction of the Blue Room, circa 1886
(Nick Buccalo, The Drawing Studio magazine; featured in Nest magazine, fall 2000 — original flopped left-right)
The Green Room, circa 1883 (Library of Congress)
Green Room during the Hayes administration, circa 1876 (Marchand Collection)
Grant's high Victorian redecoration of the East Room in 1873 (White House Historical Association)
The Blue Room in the early 1870s (White House Historical Association)
The White House Kitchen, looking northeast, circa 1892;
in the upper left is the old kitchen in the Jackson era; upper right is Chester Arthur's Chef Hugo Ziemann (White House)
Dolly Johnson in the old White House Scullery, or "small kitchen," circa 1892, looking south (Library of Congress - Frances Benjamin Johnston)


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Its formation was initiated by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MŠMT) following the example of other EU countries, to fulfil the shared European Union vision in the Digital skills and jobs coalition. It represents one of the ten key initiatives proposed under the new Skills agenda for Europe and aims to support digital skills that are quickly becoming a basic requirement for the performance of most occupations in line with the requirements of Industry 4.0.
The formation of the DIGI coalition fulfils one of the goals of the Digital education strategy of the Czech Republic up to 2020. The Coalition seeks to support, connect and inspire organisations whose ambition is to foster digital education for the labour market through synergies of cooperating organisations, their targeted activities, and specific commitments of individual members. Its 67 members include representatives of state institutions, entrepreneurs and the non-profit sector. Coalition members have made several commitments, including providing one obligatory semester of practical training at a faculty of informatics and setting up a digital education centre focused on elderly citizens. In municipalities, local employers and representatives of schools aim to encourage foreign language acquisition and digital education through purchases of IT equipment for schools and provision of internships in companies.
The coalition organises panel discussions, roundtables, workshops and other joint meetings to create space to debate and discuss selected topics. It provides support for conferences, seminars and campaigns promoting IT fields and digital skills.
The DIGI coalition faces multiple challenges that require agreement of various parties: preparing learners in formal and non-formal education for a digital world; teacher training; the impact of digitalisation on interpersonal relationships; how to address digital literacy and computational thinking in primary and secondary schools curricula; big data in education; and the need for pedagogical research on use of digital technologies in teaching or the position of network administrators in schools.
While the current way of teaching in general education focuses primarily on the user's approach to technology, future emphasis should be given to the development of computational thinking. Digital literacy should become an integrative part of all other disciplines. MŠMT has announced projects, under the ESF, with the participation of pedagogical faculties in developing teaching materials for the new approaches and topics to be incorporated into current updating of 10 year-old curricula. In 2017, the ministry also provided support to tertiary professional schools that will be engaged in the development of digital teaching material of foreign languages and vocational subjects and creation of massive open online courses (MOOC). A key priority of Czech digital education is to promote greater applicability of creative commons' licences in education, particularly for resources and teaching materials paid from public sources. At regional level, the goal is to create and build human resources – lecturers, network administrators and ICT professionals – to avoid the need buy in digital support.


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What is the main mineral type that continental plates are made up of?
What is the main mineral type that continental plates are made up of?Submitted: 1496 days ago
Continental Crust (SIAL)
Forms continents and their shelves
Up to 70 km thick in mountain ranges
Age-up to 3700
Rich in silicon and Aluminium
REMEMBER: OBESE COMPUTER NERD â€" less dense [nerd], thick [fat], older
Oceanic Crust (SIMA)
Forms deep sea [ocean] floor
Average thickness of 6 km
Age-up to 220
Rich in silicon and Magnesium
REMEMBER: Anorexic BABY â€" dense[dumb], young, thin â€" babies say â€˜maâ€™ for MAgnesium and siMA. Begins with the letter B â€"basaltic crust
So to answer your question in brief, it's silicon, then aluminium
It's definitely not granite!
Yes, well actually its silicon compounds, which are called silicates
are you doing the pangea project that every person i know in middle school is doing? because everybody always has the same questions as me. well mine is due tmrw & i just found the anwer to your question so i'll tell you.
Continental plates are mainly made up of granite rock and also has some aluminum and silica in it too.
Granite is not a mineral; it's a rock. A rock that is made of feldspars, which are the most common minerals in continental crust.
|1. What is the main mineral type that continental plates are made up of?||Science & Math||554 days ago|
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Non-skid tapes are a form of adhesive traction products designed to provide slip resistance on countless types of surfaces. Applying this safety product to areas within a commercial building or manufacturing facility supplies further resistance to counteract accident prone locations. Tape of this nature is required by law in certain geographical locations and left as an option to building owners in other scenarios. Regardless of the legal aspects of application, non-skid tapes protect companies from expensive incidents where employees or visitors become injured due to a fall. Traction materials are applicable in these traffic areas to provide increased resistance:
- Hand Rails
- Around Equipment
- On Vehicle Foot Rails
- Loading Areas
- Kitchen Facilities
A commercial structure requires these materials in the above locations to provide a safe environment for both workers and individuals maneuvering through the building. Factory atmospheres have a high risk of injury due to the various types of equipment in operation. Maintenance workers are capable of spilling grease, oil, or cleaning materials in locations where a fall is unavoidable without non-skid materials in place. Workers carrying heavy items with smooth shoes can easily lose their balance. Outside weather conditions are capable of increasing the risk of a fall as snow or rain makes ramps and stairs extremely slick. Non-skid tapes offer a low cost solution for improving surface traction to companies desiring to take every measure of prevention.
Manufacturers Offer a Diverse Line of Sizes, Colors, and Styles
Non-skid tape has one side with grit for supplying necessary traction and another with adhesive material for dependable placement. Industrial grade products offer a variety of options for any business or individual desiring to implement this safety measure. While grit is the most popular traction supplying item, countless additional choices are available to consumers. Classic designs are black in color to blend with common application areas; however, colored versions can be purchased to meet specific needs. Colored products are often necessary to meet compliance guidelines and photoluminescent products make a great addition to egress points throughout a commercial or work environment. Self-luminous choices offer the benefit of visibility in situations of low lighting to prevent hazards. Industrial grade non-skid products have extremely tough and durable adhesives. These adhesives work on surfaces such as:
- Flexible Substrates
They remain effective in the most harsh weather conditions long after initial placement. The grit material has the capability of causing skin abrasions if an individual directly falls on it; however, the aftereffects of such an occurrence are less costly than an accident due to neglecting this measure. Non-skid tape is sold in rolls and can be applied to any location where a fall is possible. Ladder rungs, stairs, decks, ramps, and walkways are beneficial locations within a commercial building or work environment. Additional areas may need to be accommodated depending on the nature of a building or work space. Traction tapes promote safety within or outside of a structure, provide the resistance necessary to prevent falls, and limit injury costs by reducing the likelihood of an accident.


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System# is a.NET library intended for the description of real-time embedded systems. It comes with a built-in simulator kernel and a code transformation engine that converts a design into synthesizable VHDL. The main focus is currently the development of FPGA designs. System# not only supports register-transfer-level (RTL) descriptions whose translation to VHDL is straightforward, but is also capable of converting clocked threads with wait statements to a synthesizable VHDL state machine. Furthermore, System# introduces synthesizable transaction-level modeling features. From a technological point of view, it uses reflection and assembly code (CIL) decompilation to reconstruct an abstract syntax tree (AST) from the system design. The AST conforms to SysDOM, a document object model for describing component-based reactive systems. An unparsing stage converts the AST to VHDL. The decompilation process can be instrumented in various ways by attribute-based programming. Furthermore, transformations of the AST itself are possible. This enables implementation of advanced features such as converting clocked threads to finite state machines.
BlueSense SDK is a software development kit for communicating with BlueSense equipment. It allows you to read out sensors or control actuators. A user-space USB driver for all platforms is included. Examples for all modules are also included. For Java and Mono/C#, there is an object-oriented interface, and for C, there is a function based interface.


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Tanzania secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated, hence face a number of problems in getting learning materials resulting in poor performance in National examinations.
E-learning as defined to be the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for supporting the educational processes has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education system.
There has been effort to improve secondary school education using ICT through several projects. ICT for e-learning to Tanzania rural secondary school is one of the research projects conceived by the University of Dar-es-Salaam through its College of Engineering and Technology. The main objective of the project is to develop a tool to enable ICT support rural secondary school.
The project is comprehensive with a number of components, one being development of e-learning management system (e-LMS) for Tanzania secondary schools.
This paper presents strategies of developing e-LMS. It shows the importance of integrating action research methodology with the modeling methods as presented by model driven architecture (MDA) and the usefulness of Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the issue of modeling.
The benefit of MDA will go along with the development based on software development life cycle (SDLC) process, from analysis and requirement phase through design and implementation stages as employed by object oriented system analysis and design approach.
The paper also explains the employment of open source code reuse from open source learning platforms for the context sensitive development of the e-LMS for Tanzania secondary schools.


ittites flourished from about _PHONE_ BC) symbolizing a god's favor in the "spread-eagle" form. In Syria it is shown on a seal from the Mitani civilization (_PHONE_ BC).
it appears in Persian art. The graphic evolution from the "spread-eagle" is evident in the stylized Assyrian version of the design, where the bird's legs are abstracted into wavy streamers on either side of the disc which end either in "claws" or in scrolls, as they do in the Persian design.
By the time of the Achaemenid kings (dynasty flourished from about 600 BC to 330 BC), the design that would become the Faravahar had already been in use for at least 1000 years, from Egypt to Syria and then to Assyria. The early Achaemenid conquered Mesopotamian lands in the 6th century BC, and re-patriated all the peoples subject to Babylonian rule, the Jews among them (Cyrus The Great freed 42,000 Jews from the slavery of Babylon). These same Achaemenids also adopted Assyrian and Babylonian motifs for their monumental art, including the winged symbols.
The Persian Faravahar is carved on the rock-cut tombs of the Achaemenid kings at Bistun in Iran, and varies from one carving to the other. In one it is very much like the Assyrian version, with squared-off "wavy" wings, but it is in the carvings of Persepolis, center of the Achaemenid dynasty, that the Faravahar reaches its most elaborate and finely wrought perfection. The Faravahar of Persepolis is the one that has been adopted by Zoroastrians as their symbol. It appears in more than one form at Persepolis. When it must fit a horizontal, narrow space, the winged disc is depicted without the human figure in the disc, but when there is enough space, the Faravahar is shown in all of its glory, with kingly figure, disc, streamers, and many-feathered wings and as it had done throughout history, from Egypt to Mitani to Assyria, it represents the divine favor hovering above the king.
Scholars disagree about just what the symbolism of the Persian faravahar indicates. Is it a symbolic image of Ahura Mazda, the Zoroastrian name for the One God, the "Wise Lord?" If it represented Assur for the Assyrians, is it is Ahura Mazda for the Persians? Many scholarly writings on the image still identify it as such. But in the Zoroastrian faith, Ahura Mazda is abstract and transcendent. God has no image and so cannot be represented in any form. (The only exceptions are during the later Persian Empire, in the Sassanian era, when Lord Mazda was represented as a divine, kingly figure handing a diadem (Ring of Power) to the Persian Emperor and this was not used in worship.
For more information read:
Persian Mythology, Gods and Goddesses
The human figure above the disc, though possibly he was borrowed from a pagan Assyrian god-image, has no specific identification, nor is there any evidence, as some folk beliefs have it, that he is the Prophet Zarathushtra. More recent scholarship has given the Persian Faravahar a more precise meaning. The winged disc as depicted by the Persians above the image of the King represents the Royal Glory, which is known in ancient Iranian (Avestan) as khvarenah, or "Radiant Glory." After the Achaemenids the image of the Faravahar disappears from Persian art. There is no evidence for it in the remaining art of the Parthian period, and it is absent in the art of the Sassanian period, the resurgent Persian empire of about 250-650 AD; However, Sassanian art does echo some of the individual features of the Faravahar. One of the main symbols of the Sassanian monarchy and its divine protection was the crescent in a circle, with ribbons streaming from either side. The ring (Ring of Power) which is held in the Achaemenid Faravahar's hand is still used in Sassanian art to depict the royal diadem, which is handed to the new King by the symbolic representation of Ahura Mazda himself or by the yazata (guardian spirit) of Waters, Anahita.
The spread wings, though in a somewhat different configuration, adorn the crown of a 6th or 7th century AD Sassanian king. After the Arab conquest, the winged disc, the winged crown, and the ring of kingship fade into obscurity, though ironically the crescent became the prime symbol for the new religion, Islam!
So what does the Faravahar represents? The Faravahar is of great antiquity, as we have seen. But what does it mean? Is it just a royal insignia, or does it have deeper significance? Now we will explain some of the philosophical and spiritual meaning of this rich and beautiful symbol.
This myth of the khvarenah is present in the story of the mythical Iranian King, Yima or Jamshid. He was the greatest of the prehistoric kings of Iran (Pishdadiyan and Kianian eras), and possessed the glorious khvarenah. But he became too proud and arrogant. Some stories say that he even called himself a god. Because of his pretension and pride, Yima lost the khvarenah. This myth is alluded to in the Gathas of Zarathushtra, in Yasna 32. In the later scriptures of Zoroastrianism, this myth is retold in the Zamyad Yasht, the prayersong to the spirit of the Earth: "But when he (Yima) began to find delight in words of falsehood and untruth, the Glory was seen to fly away from him in the shape of a bird." (Yasht 19, 34) Thus in both word and image, Glory has wings. In the Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, the Glory is also referred to as the "Glory of the Auspicious Bird," which hovers over the heads of royal or princely personages. The Glory was symbolized on the battlefield by an eagle feather in the King's crown, which served as standard and inspiration to the warriors of Iran. In Sassanian art, where the Winged Disc is no longer used, the khvarenah is depicted as a circular halo around the head of the King, a halo very similar to that of Christian saints.
In the Zoroastrian tradition the khvarenah is not just the Glory of the king, but has a wider range, as can be seen in the Avesta. The Zamyad Yasht praises the glory not only of the ancient Kings of Iran, but of the whole Aryan people, its mountainous land, and its Prophet, Zarathushtra. In the Atash Nyayesh, the Zoroastrian prayer to Fire, the khvarenah is identified with the light of the Sacred Fire. The revelation of Zarathushtra from the beginning has been associated with light. The Gathas are filled with light and sun imagery; light is not only physical, but metaphysical, the prime symbol for Goodness and God. Thus the khvarenah in Zoroastrian teaching, though specified to the glory of the King, also has a much more universal meaning.
Now let us talk about the Folk interpretations of the Faravahar. Once the Winged Disc had been adopted as a symbol of Zoroastrianism, it entered into the community not only as a graphic symbol but as a folk motif. The Zoroastrian faravahar was "standardized" to the Persepolis model, though, as we have seen, even in Persepolis there are many variants of the Faravahar. The "standard" Faravahar is now the one which you can see all over this website, which appears over the heads of the Persian kings on the walls of Persepolis. It is this emblem which identifies Zoroastrian publications and decorates Zoroastrian fire temples and gathering places, which has also been made into forms of jewelry for men and women, woven into wall-hangings, carved into marble and semiprecious stones, glazed onto ceramic heirlooms, and even made into paper and plastic stickers. Not only Zoroastrians, but patriotic Iranians of all creeds use the Faravahar, and various simplified versions of the Persepolis standard appear in carpet stores, restaurants, advertisements, and other Iranian concerns all around the world.
Along with the widespread use of the faravahar as a heraldic and decorative motif have come many interpretations of the symbol and its components, which have little or nothing to do with the actual historical meaning of the symbol. None of these interpretations of the Faravahar design are found in any extant Zoroastrian scripture. But Zoroastrian priests and elders now use the Faravahar as a visual tool to illustrate the basic elements of the religion, especially when they are teaching children.
Symbolic Meaning of Faravahar
Faravahar body art by Martin Armand
The bottom line and my belief is that according to the original Zoroastrian Doctrine, Faravahar consists of both Ahura and Ahreemanic symbolism


The Doubtful History of "Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire"
The only certainty regarding the origin of the phrase "Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire" is a mystery and, ironically, mistruths and lies.
'I don't care, I don't care, I can buy another pair.' is apparently, (should you ever need to use it) the recommended response to the well-known childhood taunt, 'Liar, liar pants on fire.' Sadly I only learned this earlier this year while watching children's television with a friend's five-year-old. It would have come in handy if I'd known it years ago when my older brother used to accuse me of having pants on fire on a fairly regular basis. This was not necessarily because I am in the habit of telling frequent lies, but it was used to indicate that I might have been exaggerating some of the things we did. It is not a taunt that is generally used for severe misdemeanors.
It is a little ironic that such a familiar saying about lying is shrouded in mystery and untruths. Many different versions of the rhyme exist, with no one knowing what the definitive version is or its origins. Probably the most commonly known version of the verse is the one which has the third line, 'Your nose is stuck to the telephone wire.' Even then, there are records of several variations on this theme, such as: 'Your nose is as long as a telephone wire' or versions which replace the nose with the much more painful appendage, 'tongue.'
Read more: What is Vegan Leather Anyway?
What does it mean when your pants are on fire?
No matter which of these tag lines you opt for, it does help us find some indication of when this rhyme may have been coined. The invention of the telephone in the mid-nineteenth century is relatively recent and seems to correspond with claims that the saying has been around since the 1840s. However, it does not give us any insight into what the rhyme is referring to, and its meaning is not at all clear. There seems to be no logical explanation for why telling a lie should result in the conflagration of your pants. Neither does it proffer any reason why or how it should also result in parts of your anatomy being attached to telephone wires. It seems a severe consequence for telling a lie.
Read more: Walking Corpse Syndrome: Walking Dead Comes to Life
The origins of liar liar
All of this suggests that the rhyme we know is perhaps a modern corruption of a much older one. Records show that people were bandying around verses as far back as the 1400s, calling people out as a 'liar liar.' At this stage, however, it did not involve burning trousers. Indeed the use of the word 'pants' did not come into the English language until the early 1600s, with the shortening of the name for a new garment known as pantaloons. There is even a possibility that the expression was imported from a well-known Georgian folk tale wherein a thief could always be identified because his hat will catch on fire.
Yet another version of the saying is an old seaman's verse from the 1840s, which introduces the link between liar and fire.
'Liar liar lick spit
Turn about the candlestick.
What's good for a liar?
Brimstone and fire.'
This has led to the suggestion that the link between liars and fire is not just a good rhyme but that the rhyme could come from the threat that punishment for a liar would be to burn in hell. Incorrect.
The lies behind liar liar pants on fire
Bizarrely, one of the most convincing suggestions about the saying's origin appears to be a massive untruth. It has commonly been suggested that it was derived from a poem written by William Blake in 1810. The opening of this poem, called 'The Liar' is remarkably similar to the household saying,
'Deceiver, dissembler
Your trousers are alight
From what pole or gallows
Shall they dangle in the night?'
However, it is claimed that this Blake poem is merely a 21st century fake and was written as a parody of both the common saying and Blake's famous poem, 'The Tyger.' As the trousers of liars do not burst into flames, we may never get to the truth behind any of this.
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Waiting to go up in smoke
|By Tom Kilcer|
Taking time and effort to prevent hay fires has never made more sense.
Many bales of expensive hay in big stacks is a recipe for financial disaster that is present to some degree on every dairy in the West.
But it is a risk that doesn't have to exist, says University of Idaho extension forage specialist Glenn Shewmaker, who has 11 strategies for dairies to reduce the risk of hay fires. They don't center around buying expensive equipment, but making time to take samples frequently, keeping records and learning what to look for.
In recent years, the price of top quality milk cow hay has often been more than $300 per ton. Any price remotely close to that means a fire, no matter how small or how quickly it is put out, will cause thousands of dollars of losses. Tens or even hundreds of thousands is much more likely, however, and not just because of hay that is destroyed outright. Cattle often refuse to eat nearby bales that are heat and smoke-damaged, which is a loss that is difficult to quantify.
Ironically, it is water in the form of plant moisture that is the key to preventing many hay fires. That's why adequate drying time for cut alfalfa in the field and proper moisture content at baling are so crucial.
Shewmaker explains that heat is generated in hay bales when microbial growth uses carbohydrates as an energy source. Plant and microbial respiration convert carbohydrates and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and heat, which results in both weight loss (dry matter yield) and increased bale temperature.
Big bales have more risk
He says large square-ended bales are susceptible to greater storage losses and risk of spontaneous heating than small square-ended bales formed at the same moisture, mainly because of reduced surface area per unit of forage dry matter, or greater density in the bale. Water is one of the end products of microbial respiration, so the higher the moisture content of hay the higher the microbial respiration and subsequent moisture production in hay after baling.
"With moisture levels that are considered to be safe for the specific forage and bale type, bales will "sweat" and heat gradually from several degrees above ambient air temperature initially, to about 140ºF after 3 to 7 days of storage," says Shewmaker. "Hay will gradually cool back to ambient air temperature within 21 to 28 days after baling. The longer it takes, the more damage is done to hay and the more likely a fire may result."
Hay fires from spontaneous heating usually occur within six weeks after baling, but may also occur in cured hay when external moisture is added or when more oxygen is allowed inside the stack.
"The moisture content of a bale shouldn't be higher than 18 to 22 percent for small rectangular bales, 14 to 18 percent for large round bales or 14 to 16 percent for large rectangular bales," he warns. "However, these are not absolute numbers because other factors affect spontaneous heating."
If the moisture level of hay at baling is greater than what is recommended for storage, Shewmaker advises checking the moisture and temperature at least twice per day for abnormal heating.
"If hay temperature reaches 130ºF you could be on the way to a hay fire, so close attention needs to occur," he warns. "The best option is to arrange for someone to feed those bales as soon as possible. They could also be placed to allow increased air circulation and cooling.
"If hay is stacked tightly or in a barn and the temperature climbs to 150ºF or greater, call the fire department and be prepared to inject water to cool any hot spots before moving the hay. Don't move the hay without fire suppression equipment if it is smoking, if you can see charred centers in bales, or if you can smell a strong odor. If additional oxygen reaches areas near high-temperature hay it can burst into flames."
Shewmaker says hay producers, brokers and buyers need to avoid situations that raise the risk of hay fires and take necessary precautions. The following are 11 strategies to minimize the potential of heat-damaged hay and spontaneous heating:
Fire prevention strategies
1. Record day(s) of cutting and drying conditions in a journal.
2. Monitor hay moisture before raking, tedding and baling. Use a tactile (feel) method to evaluate hay moisture. If a single-probe electronic meter is used, use a windrow sampling tool appropriate to simulate the bale density that electronic moisture probes are designed to operate.
3. Record the day of raking, tedding and inversion, as well as baling and drying conditions.
4. Test the first three bales from a field with a hand-held electronic moisture probe in two places on each side or ends of the bale (a total of 12 readings) and note the low, high and average. If average moisture is below the maximum for the type of bale and forage, continue baling.
5. Observe the baler moisture meter if available and/or the bale pressure indicator. When anything changes, get out and retest more bales as in strategy No. 4.
6. Record the date, time, weather conditions and moisture average and range at baling in your journal.
7. Mark any bales with higher moisture than desired and notify the person stacking the hay to separate them from dry bales with space between bales to facilitate air movement and drying. Try to feed those bales as soon as possible. Do not store any bales with moisture over the recommended level for that bale type in a large stack or hay shed.
8. Review and comply with your insurance carrier's requirements for fire insurance coverage.
9. If moisture is marginal, stack large bales in a single column with no more than 500 tons per stack. Under these circumstances, allow at least 100 feet of separation to the nearest adjacent stack. Lay out the stack so it can be quickly broken apart with a loader. Avoid mixing different lots of hay because of marketing and hay fire issues. If bale moisture is marginal, monitor moisture and temperature in the stack at about 20 random or systematic locations.
10. Obtain a bale core sample, double sack the core sample in two ziplock plastic bags, and promptly submit it to a National Forage Testing Association certified lab for moisture and forage quality analysis.
11. Protect stored hay from external weather and water by elevating the base and having adequate rain gutters to direct the flow of water away from the stack.


Botanical Garden
Address: St. Petersburg, ul. Professora Popova, 2
Metro: Petrogradskaya
St. Petersburg Botanical Garden
Petersburgers have always suffered from a lack of greenery and bright colors. That is why sovereign Peter I, in 1714, ordered the Aptekarsky garden/Aptekarsky Ogorod to be broken up on Voronim Island, which became one of the first botanical gardens in the Russian Empire.
"Aptekarskim" was called because there they grew not only ornamental, but also medicinal plants. By the time of Catherine II, the garden area, together with the arboretum, reached 27 hectares. In the park was built a large house, given to the family of Professor of Botany. The scientist was assigned to monitor the garden.
During the years of its existence, the Botanichesky garden/Botanichesky Sad experienced periods of prosperity and decline. For example, in 1823, due to low funding, the object was almost closed. Many rare plants died, greenhouses became overgrown with weeds. This continued until Emperor Alexander I did not pay attention to the deplorable state of the garden. The king assigned a new name to the object - the Imperial Botanical Garden/Imperatorsky Botanichesky Sad and allocated a huge amount of state treasury for its improvement.
Since then, the main activity of the garden has become a science. The largest library of biological and zoological books in the empire was built on the territory of the park. In the greenhouses gardeners planted hundreds of names of rare plants and flowers. Petersburg botany students came to the garden for practical exercises. The financial condition of the Botanichesky Sad has improved so much that the institution was able to equip its own expeditions to different countries of the world.
The development of the garden continued in the 20th century, after the Soviet government transferred the object to the Komarov Botanical Institute.
The years of the Great Patriotic War were one of the most glorious pages in the history of the Botanical Sad of the BIN RAN. The staff of the institution showed genuine heroism: in a brutal winter, under constant German bombing, she saved the rarest plants from destruction. After the Second World War began a large-scale reconstruction of the garden.
In our time, the Botanichesky Sad of the BIN RAN is one of the most important scientific, educational and cultural institutions of St. Petersburg. The total area of greenhouses is 1 hectare, arboretum - 16 hectares.
Tourists will be able to see plants from various parts of the world in the garden: tropical flowers, Mexican cacti as large as human growth, dwarf subarctic birch trees, etc.
South American water lilies swim in the pond on the territory of the arboretum: they are so huge and durable that they can bear the weight of a child.
In the days of flowering of camellias, it is a great pleasure for guests to take a walk through a subtropical greenhouse.
Botanichesky Sad BIN RAN - a venue for exhibitions, lectures, master classes, theater performances and concerts.
One of the most important events of the Botanichesky Sad of the BIN RAN is the "Blockade Week". From January 20 to January 31, tourists coming to the park will be able to find out how the hungry garden staff, themselves on the verge of life and death, saved the plants from death. Silent witnesses of those events - cacti, palm trees, rare bushes - have survived to our times.
In winter, hundreds of Petersburgers come here to celebrate Christmas in a tropical setting. Interesting events are held in the Botanichesky Sad and on St. Valentine's Day, and on the Museum Night, the Botanichesky Sad is one of the leaders in terms of the number of visitors. But the most popular among tourists are flower exhibitions: tulips, succulents, snowdrops, lilies, phloxes, peonies, gladioli.
Every year from May 14 to 15, the Sakura Festival takes place in the Botanichesky Sad. Tourists waiting for the clouds of white, red and pink flowers, the incredible smell of cherry pollen, concerts, theatrical performances in the Japanese style.
In total, the park has five main zones: a garden of tropical plants, a garden of subtropical plants, an arboretum, palm tree greenhouse, aquatic plant greenhouse.
St. Petersburg Botanical Garden can be visited as a part of a city tour.
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text:
, common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...
s the Burgundy snail
, Roman snail
, edible snail
or escargot, is a species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of large, edible, air-breathing land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...
, a terrestrial
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land, as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water, or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...
pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae
The Helicidae, sometimes known as the typical snails, are a taxonomic family of small to large, air-breathing, land snails. In other words, they are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
. It is a European
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
This species is frequently farmed
Heliciculture, or snail farming is the process of farming or raising land snails specifically for human consumption, and more recently, to obtain snail slime for cosmetics use....
, and is called by the French name escargot when it is used in cooking.
Distribution of Helix pomatia
south-eastern and central Europe:
- Germany - Listed as a specially protected species in annex 1 of the Bundesartenschutzverordnung.
- Czech Republic - least concern species (LC). Its conservation status in 2004-2006 is favourable (FV) in the report for the European commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
in accordance with the Habitats Directive.
- In south-western Bulgaria up to an altitude of more than 1600 m.
- north and central Balkans
Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
- Republic Of Macedonia
- Great Britain: in the west and south of England in southern areas on chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Calcite is calcium carbonate or CaCO3. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed from micro-organisms called coccolithophores....
soils. Its common name in the UK is "Roman snail" because it was introduced to the island by the Romans during the Roman period
Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire from AD 43 until ca. AD 410.The Romans referred to the imperial province as Britannia, which eventually comprised all of the island of Great Britain south of the fluid frontier with Caledonia...
(AD 43-410). In England only (not the rest of the UK) the Roman snail is a protected species under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom and was implemented to comply with the Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds...
, making it illegal to kill, injure, collect or sell these snails.
- central France
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
- Listed as a protected species.
- south Sweden
- In central and southern parts of Sweden, Norway and Finland, there are isolated and relatively small populations. It is not native to these countries, but is likely to have been imported by monks from Southern Europe during medieval times.
- western Belarus
- western Ukraine (Uzhgorod)
- Russia: introduced to Moscow, Kursk
Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was site of a turning point in the Russian-German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history...
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
: introduced to Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
The gastropod shell is a shell which is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, one kind of mollusc. The gastropod shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton, which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage...
is creamy white to light brownish, often with indistinct brown colour bands. The shell has 5-6 whorls
A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the...
. The aperture
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....
is large. The apertural margin is white and slightly reflected in adult snails. The umbilicus is narrow and partly covered by the reflected columellar margin.
The width of the shell is 30–50 mm. The height of the shell is 30–45 mm.
In south-eastern Europe Helix pomatia
lives in forests and open habitats, gardens, vineyards, especially along rivers, confined to calcareous substrate. In central Europe in open forests and shrubland on calcareous substrate. It prefers high humidity and lower temperatures, needs loose soil to burrow in order to hibernate and lay its eggs. It lives up to 2100 m in the Alps, usually below 2000 m. In south England it is restricted to undisturbed grassy or bushy wastelands, usually not in gardens, with a low reproduction rate and low powers of dispersal.
Average distance of migration reaches 3.5–6 m.
This snail is hermaphroditic
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...
. Reproduction in central Europe occurs from end of May onwards.
Eggs are laid in June and July, in clutches of 40-65 eggs. The size of the egg is 5.5-6.5 mm or 8.6 × 7.2 mm. Juveniles hatch after 3–4 weeks, and may consume their siblings under unfavourable climate conditions. Maturity is reached after 2–5 years. The life span is up to 20 years. 10 year-old individuals are probably not uncommon in natural populations. The maximum lifespan is 35 years.
Aestivation is a state of animal dormancy, characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions...
Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate. Hibernating animals conserve food, especially during winter when food supplies are limited, tapping energy reserves, body fat, at a slow rate...
, this species creates a calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning mostly or partly composed


text:
Every year in San Bartolome de Pinares, west of Madrid, during the celebration of the patron saint of animals of St. Anthony Abeda, professional Spanish riders jump through flaming fires, defying death itself.
Before the sparks horse blessed the priest and the ritual has been going on for 500 years.
St. Anthony Abed Egyptian origin was recognized as the patron saint of animals from the Middle Ages
Anthony the Great or Antony the Great (c. 251–356), also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius (?????????????), and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers. He is celebrated in many churches on his feast days: 17 January in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Western churches; and Tobi 22, (January 30) in the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church.
The biography of Anthony's life by Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of monasticism, particularly in Western Europe through Latin translations. He is often erroneously considered the first monk, but as his biography and other sources make clear, there were many ascetics before him. Anthony was, however, the first known ascetic going into the wilderness, a geographical shift that seems to have contributed to his renown.
Anthony is appealed to against infectious diseases, particularly skin diseases. "Saint Anthony's fire" has described different afflictions including ergotism, erysipelas and shingles.


, spacers are optimized for life in space, and hybrids were an attempt at making supersoldiers.
 - True-Breeding Hybrid: Both Silvas and Cats can breed true, and have done so.
 - Underwater City: Several, given the setting, generally in domes.
 - United Nations Is a Superpower: Not the UN itself, but the GEO that it created to handle the Blight. The actual UN is trying to rein it in, unsuccessfully.
 - Uplifted Animal: Dolphins and orcas have been uplifted and are full partners on Poseidon.
 - U.S. Marshal: The GEO Marshals are the highest level of GEO law enforcement, acting similarly to the historical US Marshals. There are 12 of them on Poseidon, and each one of them is a certified badass.
 - Wide Open Sandbox: One criticism of the earlier versions of the game - they provided a fantastic world to play in, but little guidance on how to build a campaign in it.
How well does it match the trope?
Example of:
Media sources:


Topic Categories:
Overview of Disability
Disability Back Pay
Requirements for Disability
Applications for disability
Tips and Advice for Disability Claims
How long does Disability take?
Winning Disability Benefits
Common Mistakes after a Denial
Mental Disability Benefits
Denials for Disability
Appeals for denied claims
Disability Benefits from SSA
SSI Benefits
Child Disability Benefits
Qualifications and How to Qualify
Working and Disability
Disability Awards and Notices
Disability Lawyers, Hiring Attorneys
Social Security List of Conditions
What Social Security considers disabling
Medical Evidence and Disability
Filing for Disability Benefits
Eligibility for Disability Benefits
SSD SSI Definitions
Ask a question, get an answer
When you file for disability and have both Mental and Physical Conditions
An anonymous commenter recently stated that they had communicated with the disability examiner who was working on their case and that the examiner had advised that they were done with the physical part of the claim and were now working on the mental part of the claim. The commenter stated "if they had found me disabled physically then why would they waste time and money on the mental? I feel sure I am about to be denied".
My response: Anonymous, I would not worry about this too much. The disability examiner is obligated to pursue development on your case for both a mental disability as well as physical impairments. This is because they have no way of knowing whether or not you will be found to be disabled for either impairment. And even if you were considered to be disabled on the basis of BOTH your physical and mental impairments, it might be that the medical evidence for one or both impairments might support an earlier onset date that would provide for more back pay.
For example, let's pretend that your medical evidence for your physical condition meets the definition of disability and that you could expect to be approved on the basis of this alone. How far back you will be awarded disability benefits will depend on the available evidence for your physical condition.
Let's further speculate that your mental condition likewise meets the definition of disability. Well, if the medical evidence for the mental condition supports an even earlier onset date (when your condition is considered to have become disabling in the way that the social security administration considers a person to be disabled), then it would definitely be to your advantage to have the mental aspect of your case evaluated because the further back the onset date is, the more you can receive in disability back pay.
Additionally, if your case is for title II social security disability benefits (versus title 16 SSI disability benefits), then having the earliest possible onset date for your claim can make a real difference as to when your eligibility for medicare benefits will begin.
In summation, it is completely to your advantage for the disability examiner to fully develop (another way of saying consider all the evidence) both the physical and mental aspects of your claim. This is for two reasons:
1. You may be found disabled for one type of impairment but not the other.
2. Even if you are found to be disabled for both the mental and physical aspects of your case, it may be that one of your impairments (mental or physical) has medical evidence that allows for an earlier and more advantageous onset date. And, as we've said, this can have an impact on how much back pay benefits you may receive as well as on how soon you can receive your medicare benefits (assuming you file for social security disability--SSI applicants are not eligible for medicare but can receive medicaid instead).
Related pages:
Can I Qualify For Disability and Receive Benefits based on Depression?
When you file for disability and have both Mental and Physical Conditions
What kind of Mental Problems Qualify for Disability?
Are SSI and Social Security Disability Requirements Tougher For Mental Claims?
Social Security Disability, SSI, Mental Disorders, and Functional Limitations
Can you draw Social Security Disability on a spouse's Social Security earnings record?
How to Prove you are disabled and qualify to win disability benefits
Social Security Disability SSI - Eligibility Requirements and Qualifications Criteria


text:
Bonneville Flood Walters Bar Area
suggested grade levels: 9-12
view Idaho achievement standards for this lesson
View the map and answer the following questions:
1. Determine the maximum water level height of the Bonneville Flood at high water stand.
2. Locate the pendant bar on Walters Bar. How did the pendant bar form and the resulting Jensen Lake?
3. Provide an explanation for the thick deposits of sand on the north side of Walters Bar.
4. Use the following photographs: * wb#4wabu.jpg * wb#5wabu.jpg * wb#9wabu.jpg
to determine the height of the boulders that were deposited on Walters bar by the Bonneville Flood. (Use Sara for scale, height = 5'5" Note you will need to convert feet to meters.) Click here for some useful conversion tables.
5. Use Hjulströms diagram to determine velocity of water needed to move boulders that were deposited on Walters Bar. Note: You may have to extrapolate on the Hjulströms diagram to determine the velocity.
6. Conduct a survey of boulder size on Walters Bar demonstrating water velocity decreased from proximal to distal portion of bar. (note: may want to incorporate the boulder size database).
7. Measure the width of the canyon at the Can-Ada Counties border. Measure the width of the canyon on the western most portion of the map near Walters Ferry. What is the difference between these two measurements? How did the canyon width control flood water flow and how does this relate to the production of the resultant features?
8. See figures wb#2wabu and wb#3wabu. Define festoon crossbedding. How are festoon cross stratification formed? Determine the relative thickness of the entire gravel unit and also the thickness of one cross bed. (You can use Sara once again for scale) Describe the flood mechanism that formed this deposit. Determine the velocity of the flood water that deposited such a thick series of cross stratification.


text:
Audits Offer Fix for Poor Coding Compliance, Lagging Reimbursement
THE EVER-INCREASING complexity of healthcare is driving the need for coding quality and compliance programs. Given the transition to ICD-10, advancements in treatments and procedures, a move to quality reporting, and evolving regulations with potentially lofty penalties, the lost reimbursement at stake as the result of poor coding is driving more providers to intensify their coding audit programs.
The trend among large providers is a wave of both random and targeted audits at varying stages of the revenue cycle—from pre-bill to post-bill analysis of key issues ranging from denials to specifics such as transfer DRGs.
Audits help uncover potential problems and issues, such as coder knowledge deficiencies and workflow and documentation hiccups, which could be quietly chipping away at reimbursement and patient care.
Random and targeted audits certainly have their place. Identifying the purpose or goal of the audit is key to determining the most effective approach. Random audits offer a strong, unbiased approach to evaluating where general weaknesses and educational needs exist and may identify new issues each time they are conducted.
Data analysis of random audits, Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) findings, PEPPER reports, and denials allow for targeted audits of both coders and specific DRGs to truly improve overall compliance and coding accuracy. Unfortunately, finding time and resources to coordinate the random sampling of records is a big enough challenge for many providers. Addressing issues raised in a random audit with an education program, and then measuring the effectiveness of the remedy through a targeted re-audit effort, requires even more resources and commitment.
Considering how much is riding on coding in today's complex healthcare market, however, it is hard to justify not investing in audits and education to boost accuracy and compliance. Coding provides a window into a healthcare organization's operation. No longer just a mechanism for mining data or patient population studies, coding is the primary tool for measuring current and even future reimbursement, with many providers eyeing compliance goals beyond the traditional target of 95-98 percent. Audits and education programs vary as much as the healthcare systems conducting them. Let's explore some examples of organizations that have embraced compliance.
Embracing Compliance to Drive Excellence
Dekalb Medical, a hospital system based outside Atlanta, GA, is evolving their coding compliance program to drive excellence. Dekalb's internal compliance team recently worked with a vendor to complete a baseline review of the accounts coded by hospitalists and clinic physicians. Initial audit results were reviewed with providers in individual and group educational sessions aimed at improving the hospitalists' and physicians' ability to accurately code.
Physicians will often say, "I'm here to treat patients, not to do paperwork." But the hospitalists and doctors at Dekalb Medical, like the vast majority of physicians across the US, are very engaged in stepping up their documentation.
Conducting coding audits will unveil provider coding trends. For example, providers assign E/M codes based upon three components: the exam, patient history, and medical decision-making. Hospitalists tend to under-document patient history during exams. Because they see a patient every day of their hospital stay, they may leave out history details and other documentation. Often it's as simple as noting the patient history has not changed from the day before. Any overor under-reporting, as it relates to the exam or the physician's medical decision-making, can have a negative impact on charges by as much as two or more levels of service.
The results of baseline audits of Dekalb Medical's 37 hospitalists demonstrated similar tendencies. Subsequent audits reflected improvements in documentation and coding following the initial educational sessions. While the baseline review revealed that Dekalb Medical's hospitalists and physicians were coding at various levels of compliance, the first round of education improved accuracy and overall compliance by an average of 15 percent.
Of the providers who started out with scores below the national goal of 95-98 percent coding accuracy, one has achieved 100 percent compliance and several are over the 95 percent mark, while others are consistently in the 90-94 percent range and continue to improve because of monthly reviews.
Another recent example involves a leading organization that worked with a vendor to conduct a coding professional performance improvement program. Performance-based audits focus on gaining insight into key areas of risk and opportunity through frequent, intensive reviews using a more concurrent approach. This approach ensures findings can be addressed quickly in the coding process.
Baseline audits were completed on every coding professional to identify current quality levels and performance challenges. Based upon the initial audits, coding professionals received feedback and targeted education. Focused audits followed, helping to ensure that coding professionals retained the information and applied it in production coding. The ongoing cycle of audit, education, and assessment resulted in significantly higher performance levels across the entire team. It is an approach that often results in education being delivered far more cost effectively because the primary focus is on individual coaching and development. Group education is only conducted when there is an identified trend among the entire team.
While still early in this engagement, DRG accuracy improved from 92.8 percent to 95.5 percent, and it resulted in an immediate impact on reimbursement by reducing both overand under-coding. Additionally, the capture of MCC/ CCs demonstrated improvements from 87.1 percent to 93.2 percent and 87.3 percent to 94.9 percent, respectively. Improvement was noted in all other areas of the audit as well, including diagnoses, procedures, and hospital-acquired conditions. This type of improvement impacts not only the financial well-being of an organization, but data quality and reporting as well.
Beyond the numbers, perhaps the biggest takeaway from health systems focused on compliance is that education makes a significant difference in the audit process.
What Nine Out of 10 Organizations are Missing from an Audit Program
Many organizations complete audits and review the findings, but they are unable to accomplish more due to competing priorities and limited resources. Often, results are just shy of the 95 percent goal of coding accuracy, allowing the organization to focus on more critical priorities with the expectation of focusing on the audit later. But then it's suddenly time for the next quarterly or annual audit, for example, and the previous audit has still not been addressed. New issues may be identified while old issues remain, and though coding quality may not be worse overall, it likely hasn't improved, resulting in lost revenue and continued compliance risks.
Often, audits demonstrate significant opportunities for the improvement of coding professionals' performance and the optimization of reimbursement. For instance, a random two percent sample of inpatient records at a large hospital system found recurring DRG errors that reflected $74,000 in lost revenue in a single quarter. Audit findings reflected repeated errors of incorrect principal diagnosis or procedure, as well as a lapse in capturing all comorbid conditions, which resulted in underweighted DRGs and costly underpayments.
Coding performance and documentation accuracy have never been more important and critical to an organization's compliance and financial health. Organizations that invest in compliance audits can improve their return on that investment by adding education and focused audits that can result in better data and optimized revenue capture.
Resource constraints can certainly be a hurdle to compliance improvements. Given the risks of taking zero action, however, even small steps toward a performance-based program will have a positive impact on an organization's overall coding quality and compliance. As these programs progress, organizations may consider taking even more creative and cutting-edge steps in compliance, such as implementing pre-bill audits for high-risk DRGs and automation of the pre-bill scrubbing process. Until then, leading organizations are arming their coders with inventive tools, such as tip sheets and targeted education, to boost knowledge and accuracy.
There is often a fine line between successful audits and missed opportunities on the heels of audits, but the difference can have a major impact on reimbursement and overall patient care.


text:
hlw Keeble Hawson helps Leeds employers get compliant in GDPR countdown
With just one week to go before the May 25th deadline of the new general data protection regulation (GDPR), hlw Keeble Hawson is offering Leeds businesses an 'Employer GDPR Pack' to help them comply with their obligations.
Lauren Pickard, senior associate at the firm says a significantly raised standard for consent when it comes to collecting; storing and processing personal data lies at the heart of the new legislation.
She said: "Under GDPR, data cannot be processed without a 'lawful basis for processing' such as consent. If consent is relied upon, every employee will have to give informed, explicit consent for personal information to be taken and they will have the right to expect total transparency about how that information is used."
Lauren recommends that employers conduct a simple internal data-mapping exercise to establish key facts which include what information is collected, who is collecting it, how and why it is being collected – as well as how information will be used, how long it will be retained and why.
"Being equipped with vital information and facts such as with whom information will be shared; how it effects individuals concerned and whether the intended use is likely to cause individuals to object or complain – will enable employers to draw up a picture of how data flows through their organisation," she added.
"Helping companies to understand what constitutes personal data and exactly what happens to that data, this mini audit will enable them to draw up what is known as a privacy notice – a key document setting out agreed protocols for handling different types of information within the business. The importance of a robust privacy notice cannot be underestimated and it is worth seeking expert advice to ensure it is constructed in accordance with the expectations of GDPR."
Fines of up to €20,000,000 or 4% of a firm's annual turnover can be imposed for non-compliance. hlw Keeble Hawson's Employer GDPR Pack contains the following information:
- Letter of advice about employer GDPR obligations;
- GDPR Data Protection Privacy Notice;
- GDPR Data Protection Policy;
- Information Security Policy;
- Subject Access Requests Policy;
- Criminal Records Information Policy;
- Record Retention Policy;
- Data Mapping Advice;
- Letter to issue to staff to notify them of the new policies and privacy notice; and
- Privacy notice and letter specific to job applicants.
If you would like to purchase our pack or for more advice please contact Lauren Pickard on 0114 _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_


Open Access Open Badges Nano Express
Biocompatibility of hydrophilic silica-coated CdTe quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles
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Citation and License
Published: 6 April 2011
Fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles exhibit great application prospects in biomedical engineering. Herein, we reported the effects of hydrophilic silica-coated CdTe quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and mice with the aim of investigating their biocompatibility. FMNPs with 150 nm in diameter were prepared, and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectra and magnetometer. HEK293 cells were cultured with different doses of FMNPs (20, 50, and 100μ g/ml) for 1-4 days. Cell viability and adhesion ability were analyzed by CCK8 method and Western blotting. 30 mice were randomly divided into three groups, and were, respectively, injected via tail vein with 20, 60, and 100 μg FMNPs, and then were, respectively, raised for 1, 7, and 30 days, then their lifespan, important organs, and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed. Results show that the prepared water-soluble FMNPs had high fluorescent and magnetic properties, less than 50 μg/ml of FMNPs exhibited good biocompatibility to HEK293 cells, the cell viability, and adhesion ability were similar to the control HEK293 cells. FMNPs primarily accumulated in those organs such as lung, liver, and spleen. Lung exposed to FMNPs displayed a dose-dependent inflammatory response, blood biochemical parameters such as white blood cell count (WBC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), displayed significant increase when the FMNPs were injected into mice at dose of 100μg. In conclusion, FMNPs exhibit good biocompatibility to cells under the dose of less than 50 μg/ml, and to mice under the dose of less than 2mg/kg body weight. The FMNPs' biocompatibility must be considered when FMNPs are used for in vivo diagnosis and therapy.