text:
A Quote by James Keller on cities, confidence, courage, depression, gloom, and individuality
An old Arabian fable tells of a prince imprisoned in a castle which had thirteen windows. Twelve of these windows overlooked lovely scenes, while the thirteenth looked down on the black ash heaps of the city. Ignoring the twelve windows, the prince always looked out through the thirteenth. It is so often true that whether a person carries with him an atmosphere of gloom and depression or one of confidence and courage depends on his individual outlook.
Source: Three Minutes by James Keller, M. M., 1950
Contributed by: Zaady


Music and Healthcare: The Sync Project from Boston
It is widely known that Herbert von Karajan was involved in various music technology innovations, most notably in the development of the Compact Disc (CD). But few people know that he also had a deep interest in the effects of music on the human psyche and body.
To better understand how musical performances move human beings is perhaps the most fundamental question that any professional musician could ask. Herbert von Karajan, as was so often the case with him, went one step further and established a research institute for experimental music psychology at the University of Salzburg in 1968 to investigate this topic from a scientific perspective. In doing so, he helped propel a new kind of research, one that is focused on the intersection of neurology, medicine and music.
Today, there are quite a few start-ups who are applying this knowledge to innovative products and services.
One of these young companies is "The Sync Project" from Boston. Co-founded by MIT Director's Fellow Marko Ahtisaari, the company is building a system for music as a precision medicine.
We are very excited that Marko will join us for a panel discussion. You will also be able to experience The Sync Project in our Innovation Lab.


text:
How to find a missing number in a sequence
- Determine if the order of numbers is ascending (getting larger in value) or descending (becoming smaller
- Find the difference between numbers that are next to each other.
- Use the difference between numbers to find the missing number.
Example: Find the missing number: 21, 17,?, 9
- The order of numbers is going down or descending.
- The difference between numbers is 21 - 17 = 4
- Since the order is descending subtract 4 from 17. The missing number may be 13.
- The missing number is 13 since it is 4 more than the last number 9.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Icosahedron: symbol of Divine connection, the Soul
The Icosahedron has twenty faces, being created by 20 equilateral triangles with 30 edges. This shape is finely cut and polished in clear quartz with mirror planes.
It is associated with the water element and it symbolizes emotions, dreams and intuition.
Its facets and symmetries compel our eyes and hearts to observe life more deeply. Astrologically, it is associated with the water signs Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces.
To contemplate the Icosahedron is to engage in meditation upon the Divine.
- Element: Spirit/Ether
- Symbolic attributes: Divine connection, Spirit, Soul
- Sense: Hearing
- In Nature: Space, the Heavens
- In Astrology: The full zodiac
More Sacred Geometry Shapes

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


selector is set
to the highest current ranges. The jack for the
"hot" probe that
you use for all other measurements is rendered
ineffective in the
"current" modes.
Transistor Beta--
Then comes the position for checking
beta, designated as h, with the subscript FE.
As mentioned
previously, taking a measurement in this mode is
really more
trouble than it's worth. The socket is the
culprit. The holes
that accept the leads are too large, and there
are a lot of
them--eight, to be precise. There is a separate
semicircle of
four holes each for NPN and PNP transistors.
The manual does not
make it clear as to how to use these four holes.
It further
states that bipolar transistors, not of the
power variety, are
the only ones for which the meter is designed to
check the gain.
Logic Levels--
The next position on the selector is for
determining logic levels. The display reads
"ready" when this
mode is first selected. Connect the test probes
to the minus and
plus power supply voltages of the circuit
containing the logic
levels to be tested. Then, press the "rel"
button and start your
search with the hot probe. If the point in
question is at 70% of
the power supply's voltage or greater, the
display reads "high"
and a continuous tone is emitted. If the point
is 30% of this
voltage or less, the reading is "lo" and no
audible indication is
given. If the voltage is between these two
references, the word
"float" appears.
Clockwise from the logic mode is a
capacitance section. The progression is 2000pF,
2000nF, and
20uF. An overflow condition emits a continuous
Lastly, there is a two-range frequency meter.
first range extends to 20kHz, and the second, is
200kHz. I have
gotten a reliable reading with a signal as low
as 20 millivolts
at 1kHz. The manual advises that you not
measure a frequency
whose voltage exceeds 250 volts RMS. Here,
also, a tone is
emitted when the frequency range is exceeded.
Data Presentation Modes--
Once you have selected a function, you
have some choices as to how data is presented.
Fortunately, the
meter defaults to the conventional mode when it
"powers up." The
two buttons below the right-hand end of the
display accomplish
most of these. The left-most button toggles
through four modes:
Pressing it once initiates "data-hold"; this
causes the meter to
retain the most recent reading. Pressing it a
second time causes
the meter to display the minimum reading
observed. Pressing the
button again displays the maximum reading. The
meter updates both
maximum and minimum readings when monitoring
either parameter, so
when you change from displaying the minimum to
maximum, the latter has already been held in
memory. These data
are erased with any further change of function
or when the
meter's turned off. Pressing it the fourth time
makes it give
current readings, which is the default.
Selecting the "Relative" Function--
The right-most button toggles
between "normal" and "relative." This function
is used when
determining logic levels and in situations where
you wish to set
a numerical value as a "zero" reference, such as
a particular
voltage. For example, you may want to observe
the fluctuations
of your household a.c. voltage during peak
periods. You can
start monitoring it at 5:00 p.m., press the
"rel" button which
causes the meter to read that voltage as "0."
From there on, the
meter reads the "difference"; you can take
readings and the
display will indicate their fluctuations either
side of zero.
Pressing the button again returns the meter to
The "Comm" Function--
The rectangular button located between the
capacitor sockets and the panel that contains
the test probe
sockets toggles this function on and off. When
active, it sends
data continuously through the meter's serial
port. When
inactive, you must update the reading on your
computer with a
command from the keyboard. This function is
useful if you choose
to read the meter with your telecommunications
software. It
should not be used with either the software that
comes with the
meter or the software we have developed because
the accumulated
readings will clog the buffers quickly. These
programs can be
set to perform the same function.
Reading the Meter via your
In addition to the test probes and the cable
that connects the
meter to the serial port, the meter comes with a
3.5 inch disk
that contains three programs and a "readme.txt"
file. The
programs are: Dmm.exe, Metdemo.exe, and
The program called "dmm.exe" displays the
readings from the meter
using graphics and is not accessible. On a
computer with a
monochrome display, it merely prompts you to hit
"enter" and then
displays an "illegal function" message and
prompts you to "press
any key to return to the system."
The programs called "metdemo.exe" and
"metdemo.bas" are source
code and compiled versions of the same program.
They will send
continuously updated readings to the screen.
The ".bas" file is
written in interpreted basic such as the common
which comes with many versions of "dos". To run
such programs,
make sure that a program such as "gwbasic.exe"
is in your search
path. Then type "gwbasic" followed by the name
of the program
as, in this instance, "metdemo.bas."
In addition, Susan Fowle has created some
programs in Basic that
tailor the readings for access by speech and
Braille. These
programs are public domain, so you may share
them, but they
should not be sold. We have included them on
the disk along with
this article. A brief description of each
program follows.
In order to run programs with the.bas
extension, type "gwbasic"
followed by the name of the program and follow
the prompts.
Brtdmm.bas takes one reading with each
keystroke. The cursor
remains on the same line as the reading, making
this easy to use
with either a Braille display or a speech
program. With speech,
you will want to set a window for this line.
Focdmm.bas was designed to run with the Covox
"Speech Thing"
synthesizer, but it can be easily modified to
run with a speech
synthesizer that is driven as a DOS device,
(that is, a standalone unit hooked to a serial or parallel port).
By "digital
focus" we mean that the program can be set to
present selected
portions of the reading to such a speech
synthesizer, even though
the entire reading appears on the screen.
Rptdmm.bas is also designed to work well with
a Braille display.
It continuously accesses the meter and is thus
akin to reading
the meter with the "comm" function. Pressing
any key stops the
Finally, Stdmm.bas is another program
designed to work with the
Speech Thing, but will work with other
synthesizers. It has an
option that allows each character to be spoken
Specifications for Writing your Own
The following
communication parameters are required: 1200
baud, 7 bit ASCII;
no parity; 2 stop bits.
Data Format--
Each reading consists of fourteen bytes
numbered in
the hexidecimal standard 1 through 9, and A
through E. In the
following two examples, a byte that is occupied
by a blank space
will be shown as an equals sign (for sign).
Note that byte E is
always a carriage return (
 - Example 1: dc-1.9999=v
 - Example 2:
Command Structure--
 1. The meter must receive the D command to
 activate data transmission,
 2. the computer must give the meter
 the C command to clear its memory, and
 3. the computer must give
 the meter the M command (memory call) to
 transmit data from the
 meter's memory to the software).
Cable Formats--
Since the demons of disorder dictated the
arrangement of pins in the DB9 plug so that they
bear no
discernible relationship to those in a DB25, we
present them here
in Table I. Table II shows the relationship of
the 5-pin plug
that enters the meter to the DB9 socket on the
other end of the
Table I. DB9 to DB25 pins:
 - 1-8 (Receive-Line Signal
 - 2-3 (Received Data)
 - 3-2 (Transmitted Data)
 - 4-20 (Data Terminal
 - 5-7 (Signal Ground)
 - 6-6 (Data Set Ready)
 - 7-4 (Request to Send)
 -


to ensure that their application is rendering at the 'native' size for the device. To do this the developer can query the scale factor that should be passed during layer creation with the XRWebGLLayer.getNativeFramebufferScaleFactor() function. (Note that in some cases the native scale may actually be less than the recommended scale of 1.0 if the system is configured to render "superscaled" by default.)
function setupNativeScaleWebGLLayer() {
 return gl.makeXRCompatible().then(() => {
 // Create a WebGL layer that matches the device's native resolution.
 let nativeScaleFactor = XRWebGLLayer.getNativeFramebufferScaleFactor(xrSession);
 let glLayer = new XRWebGLLayer(xrSession, gl, { framebufferScaleFactor: nativeScaleFactor });
 xrSession.updateRenderState({ baseLayer: glLayer });
This technique should be used carefully, since the native resolution on some headsets may be higher than the system is capable of rendering at a stable framerate without use of additional techniques such as foveated rendering. Also note that the UA's scale clamping is allowed to prevent the allocation of native resolution framebuffers if it deems it necessary to maintain acceptable performance.
Framebuffer scaling is typically configured once per session, but can be changed during a session by creating a new XRWebGLLayer and updating the render state to apply that on the next frame:
function rescaleWebGLLayer(scale) {
 let glLayer = new XRWebGLLayer(xrSession, gl, { framebufferScaleFactor: scale });
 xrSession.updateRenderState({ baseLayer: glLayer });
Rescaling the framebuffer may involve reallocating render buffers and should only be done rarely, for example when transitioning from a game mode to a text-heavy menu mode or similar. See Dynamic viewport scaling for an alternative if your application needs more frequent adjustments.
Dynamic viewport scaling
Dynamic viewport scaling allows applications to only use a subset of the available framebuffer. This is intended for fine-grained performance tuning where the desired render resolution changes frequently, and can be adjusted on a frame-by-frame basis. A typical use case would be rendering scenes with highly variable complexity, for example where the user may move their viewpoint to closely examine a model with a complex shader. (If an application wanted to keep this constant for a session, it should use framebufferScaleFactor instead, see Controlling rendering quality.)
This is an opt-in feature for applications, it is activated by calling requestViewportScale(scale) on an XRView, followed by a call to getViewport() which applies the change and returns the updated viewport:
for (let view of pose.views) {
 let viewport = glLayer.getViewport(view);
 gl.viewport(viewport.x, viewport.y, viewport.width, viewport.height);
NOTE: Dynamic viewport scaling is a recent addition to WebXR, and implementations may not provide the API yet. For compatibility, consider adding a if (view.requestViewportScale) check to ensure that the API exists.
The feature may not be available on all systems since it depends on driver support. If it is unsupported, the system will ignore the requested scale and continue using the full-sized viewport. If necessary, the application can compare the sizes returned by getViewport() across animation frames to confirm if the feature is active, for example if it would want to use an alternate performance tuning method such as reducing scene complexity as a fallback.
For consistency, the getViewport() result for any given view is always fixed for the duration of an animation frame. If requestViewportScale() is used before the first getViewport() call, the change applies immediately for the current animation frame. Otherwise, the change is deferred until getViewport() is called again in a future animation frame.
User agents can optionally provide a recommendedViewportScale attribute on an XRView with a suggested value based on internal performance heuristics. This attribute is null if the user agent doesn't provide a recommendation. A requestViewportScale(null) call has no effect, so applications could use the following code to apply the heuristic only if it exists:
Alternatively, applications could modify the recommended scale, i.e. clamping it to a minimum scale to avoid text becoming unreadable, or use their own heuristic based on data such as current visible scene complexity and recent framerate average.
Controlling depth precision
The projection matrices given by the XRViews take into account not only the field of view of presentation medium but also the depth range for the scene, defined as a near and far plane. WebGL fragments rendered closer than the near plane or further than the far plane are discarded. By default the near plane is 0.1 meters away from the user's viewpoint and the far plane is 1000 meters away.
Some scenes may benefit from changing that range to better fit the scene's content. For example, if all of the visible content in a scene is expected to remain within 100 meters of the user's viewpoint, and all content is expected to appear at least 1 meter away, reducing the range of the near and far plane to [1, 100] will lead to more accurate depth precision. This reduces the occurrence of z fighting (or aliasing), an artifact which manifests as a flickery, shifting pattern when closely overlapping surfaces are rendered. Conversely, if the visible scene extends for long distances you'd want to set the far plane far enough away to cover the entire visible range to prevent clipping, with the tradeoff being that further draw distances increase the occurrence of z fighting artifacts. The best practice is to always set the near and far planes to as tight of a range as your content will allow.
To adjust the near and far plane distance, depthNear and depthFar values can be given in meters when calling updateRenderState().
// This reduces the depth range of the scene to [1, 100] meters.
// The change will take effect on the next XRSession requestAnimationFrame callback.
 depthNear: 1.0,
 depthFar: 100.0,
Preventing the compositor from using the depth buffer
By default the depth attachment of an XRWebGLLayer's framebuffer, if present, may be used to assist the XR compositor. For example, the scene's depth values may be used by advanced reprojection techniques or to help avoid depth conflicts when rendering platform/UA interfaces. This assumes, of course, that the values in the depth buffer are representative of the scene content.
Some applications may violate that assumption, such as when using certain deferred rendering techniques or rendering stereo video. In those cases if the depth buffer's values are used by the compositor it may result in objectionable artifacts. To avoid this, the compositor can be instructed to ignore the depth values of an XRWebGLLayer by setting the ignoreDepthValues option to true at layer creation time:
let webglLayer = new XRWebGLLayer(xrSession, gl, { ignoreDepthValues: true });
If ignoreDepthValues is not set to true the The UA is allowed (but not required) to use depth buffer as it sees fit. As a result, barring compositor access to the depth buffer in this way may lead to certain platform or UA features being unavailable or less robust. To detect if the depth buffer is being used by the compositor, check the ignoreDepthValues attribute of the XRWebGLLayer after the layer is created. A value of true indicates that the depth buffer will not be utilized by the compositor even if ignoreDepthValues was set to false during layer creation.
Changing the Field of View for inline sessions
Whenever possible the matrices given by XRView's projectionMatrix attribute should make use of physical properties, such as the headset optics or camera lens, to determine the field of view to use. Most inline content, however, won't have any physically based values from which to infer a field of view. In order to provide a unified render pipeline for inline content an arbitrary field of view must be selected.
By default a vertical field of view of 0.5π radians (90 degrees) is used for inline sessions. The horizontal field of view can be computed from the vertical field of view based on the width/height ratio of the XRWebGLLayer's associated canvas.
If a different default field of view is desired, it can be specified by passing a new inlineVerticalFieldOfView value, in radians, to the updateRenderState method:
// This changes the default vertical field of view for an inline session to
// 0.4 pi radians (72 degrees).
 inlineVerticalFieldOfView: 0.4 * Math.PI,
The UA is allowed to clamp the value, and if a physically-based field of view is available it must always be used in favor of the default value.
Attempting to set a inlineVerticalFieldOfView value on an immersive session will cause updateRenderState() to throw an InvalidStateError. XRRenderState.inlineVerticalFieldOfView must return null on immersive sessions.
Appendix A: I don't understand why this is a new API. Why can't we use…
DeviceOrientation Events
The data provided by an XRViewerPose instance is similar to the data provided by the non-standard DeviceOrientationEvent, with some key differences:
It should be noted that DeviceOrientation events have not been standardized, have behavioral differences between browser, and there are ongoing efforts to change or remove the API. This makes it difficult for developers to rely on for a use case where accurate tracking is necessary to prevent user discomfort.
The DeviceOrientation events specification is superceded by Orientation Sensor specification that defines the RelativeOrientationSensor and AbsoluteOrientationSensor interfaces. This next generation API is purpose-built for WebXR Device API polyfill. It represents orientation data in WebGL-compatible formats (quaternion, rotation matrix), satisfies stricter latency requirements, and addresses known interoperability issues that plagued DeviceOrientation events by explicitly defining which low-level motion sensors are


text:
Probably each of us sooner or later comes up with the question of when, under what circumstances and with whom to get married. Those deliberations might bring to the chain of questions about arranged and not arranged marriages: which is considered to be more long lasting, correct and sensing? To answer those questions lets have a look and explain why women from different cultures have bigger positive attitude towards arranged marriages and other's are rather disposed to take the opposite side.
As to me, first and most considerable difference is based on religion. When we think of the dominating religions in China and Muslim countries (Buddhism and Islam) – they have different attitudes towards marriage and the place and role of women in the family. When this or other person is raised from the very childhood in specific religious environment it is rather expected that the young lady from Muslim world will accept arranged marriage as a normal and logical sequence of events.
According to my observations, structure and type of society is also an explanation of why women are accepting arranged marriages. In contrast to Western or Chinese societies, Muslim countries are the one where each person is treated less individually; women have also fewer rights than men and consequently fewer possibilities for personal point of view and self-improvement. Therefore they are more likely to accept the decision of the male family members (which are taking decision about the marriage) and that is why are more disposable towards arranged marriages.
My last argument is coming out from the above arguments and is discussing cultural differences. As culture in China and Muslim countries are based not only on different religion, but also on various believes, myths and traditions – it becomes clear why different approaches towards arranged marriages arise in those countries. Of course, cultural, religious and social differences are not the only explanations to the question of acceptance or non-acceptance of arranged marriages, but it might help to keep eye open and answer the other questions raised above.


text:
From DD-WRT Wiki
A router in Client Mode connects to another wireless Access Point (the host router). It uses its wireless connection as the WAN interface, and shares the internet connection only to the LAN ports. It is not seen as an access point by laptops or other computers scanning for AP's and does not accept wireless connections from client devices. The AP is not required to be running DD-WRT firmware.
The main router and secondary router (DD-WRT client mode) are on separate subnets. NAT is used between the routers. Thus, when port forwarding is needed it must be configured at both routers — not just on the main (host) router.
The router in Client Mode must use its own DHCP server to give out IP numbers, Gateway and DNS server to the devices connected to its LAN ports.
To have computers connected to both routers (main and secondary) and co-exist in the same subnet, set up DD-WRT as a Client Bridge, Repeater Bridge or use WDS. Further explanation of bridging modes is in the Glossary.
Client Mode Setup
Previously there were overly complex instructions that have been removed. If you would like to see them then use the wiki's page history. This new guide is simpler also fits the needs on devices with only 1 LAN port (e.g. EOC-, Fonera, NS/PS,...) which would lose connectivity when hit apply with the wrong settings. That is why we hit "save" and not "apply" most of the time!
The Router/AP that you are trying to connect to is the primary router. The Router you are configuring is the client router. You don't need to worry about the primary router as long as you set your client LAN IP address to a different subnet. What this means is, if the primary router has an IP of 192.168.A.x, you need to set the client router to an IP of 192.168.B.x. Most primary routers will be at 192.168.1.1, or 192.168.0.1. So, when you are configuring your client router, set it to 192.168.2.x.
With that in mind, here is how to configure it:
- Download the current recommended build for your router. Check the forum for your chipset to find recommended builds and general information related to your hardware. If you are using a Broadcom based router, read the peacock thread prior to starting.
- Do a HARD reset on your router.
- Connect a cable from your computer to the LAN port on your router.
- Set your computer to a static IP address of e.g. 192.168.1.7
- Open a web browser and connect to 192.168.1.1 to view the DD-WRT GUI.
- You should be asked to change your password and username. Carefully type these in. If you aren't asked for a password and username, do a hard reset, this time doing it properly! Hit change password.
- Go FIRST to wireless -> wireless security and enter the security type and key that matches your primary router.
- Hit SAVE (not apply)
- Go to the wireless basic settings page and change the wireless mode to Client.
- Set the wireless network name to exactly the same as your primary router. Make sure spelling and capitalization match.
- (Optional) Set the correct ack timing in meters.
- Hit SAVE (not apply)
- Go to Setup -> Basic Setup and set the WAN port protocol to what you need for the AP (mostly static, dhcp or pppoe). This is the setting that is bonded to the Wifi interface. Fill in the needed info provided by your ISP if this AP is externally managed.
- (Optional) Set Static DNS servers in the Network Address Server Settings section if your WAN type does not provide them or you want to use different ones than the AP provides.
- Change the router LAN IP to 192.168.2.1 (Your LAN subnet MUST differ from the WAN subnet!).
- (Optional) Check "Assign Wan" port to a switch if you want to be able to use it as another LAN port.
- (Recommended) Change your Time Zone and DST to match where you are.
- (Optional) Set a NTP server address (it will use a hidden default server if you leave it blank).
- Hit SAVE (not apply)
- (Optional) Go to Security -> Firewall. Disable the SPI firewall if you do not need to worry about security between the AP and Client router.
- Hit Apply.
- Set your computer back to auto IP and auto DNS if you like. You will get a DHCP address from the router.
You are done and the Client router should connect to the AP within a minute or so. After you ensure that it does connect and work properly then you may configure any other settings you wish to.
- ROUTER refers to a linksys wrt54g with stock/original firmware. Any other should work as well.
- ROUTER internal ip = 192.168.1.1
- ROUTER subnet mask = 255.255.255.0
- ROUTER DNS Server 1 = aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd (replace by actual ip)
- ROUTER DNS Server 2 = aaa.bbb.ccc.eee (replace by actual ip)
- ROUTER has wireless enabled with SSID = SUBSTITUTE_YOUR_ROUTER_SSID
- ROUTER as security enabled using 64 bit WEP encryption with key = SUBSTITUTE_YOUR_ROUTER_WEP_KEY
- CLIENT refers to a router with dd-wrt firmware.
- X > Y = Click on first level menu on the top labelled X and then click on submenu or tab labelled Y
- A.B = Value of a field labelled B in the section labelled A on a page. Section names appear vertically on the left of the page with black background.
- Validate or obtain the above information about the ROUTER. As long as you have access to it one way or another it shouldn't be an issue, e.g. on windows, you can run a ipconfig /all command in the command prompt to obtain the info above. Whatever the values, please use those values instead of the above.
- Also figure out an ip address on the ROUTER that is outside the dynamic ip address assignment range. Most routers come pre-configured with dynamic ip assignments starting from *.*.*.100 or *.*.*.50 onwards. So a low ip like 192.168.1.2 should work in our scenario. This will be used to assign the ROUTER facing ip to the CLIENT later on.
- These steps assume that you are starting with a clean slate. So if you have messed around with the settings, undo it by restoring the defaults. Any settings not outlined in the steps are to remain at the default values!
If you are not able to ping the ROUTER from a computer connected to the CLIENT, then you may have MAC address filtering enabled on the ROUTER and your security settings may be incorrect. For the former problem, make sure that you add the MAC address of the CLIENT as well as the MAC address of the computer connected to the CLIENT to the MAC filter list. In fact, the best thing to do right now is to temporarily turn off MAC address filtering.
- Do not use the MAC Address located on the bottom of the unit. Connect to the CLIENT, Goto Status>Router and use the MAC Address provided here.
Also, at this stage since the CLIENT and all devices/computers hooked up to it are on the 192.168.2.* subnet while your ROUTER is on the 192.168.1.* subnet, you will most likely not be able to ping the CLIENT or any computer connected to the CLIENT. In order to fix that, you need to setup a static route to the 192.168.2.* network so your ROUTER knows how to forward traffic to that network.
- Connect to the ROUTER's admin app, 192.168.1.1 typically
- Select Setup > Advanced Routing
- Set Advanced Routing.Operating Mode = Gateway
- Set Advanced Routing.Select Set Number = 1
- Set Advanced Routing.Enter Route Name = BRIDGE (or any name you fancy)
- Set Advanced Routing.Destination LAN IP = 192.168.2.0 (the last octet must be 0 and the third octet must be the same as your CLIENT's local IP's third octet)
- Set Advanced Routing.Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
- Set Advanced Routing.Default Gateway = 192.168.1.2 (same as your CLIENT's ROUTER facing IP, i.e. Client setup Step 3, #3 above)
- Set Advanced Routing.Interface = LAN & WLAN
- Click Save Settings button
- Click on Show Routing Table button and it should look something like:
Destination LAN IP, Subnet Mask, Gateway, Interface YOUR_EXT_IP, 255.255.255.255, 0.0.0.0, WAN (Internet) 192.168.2.0, 255.255.255.0, 192.168.1.2, LAN & Wireless 192.168.1.0, 255.255.255.0, 0.0.0.0, LAN & Wireless 0.0.0.0, 0.0.0.0, YOUR_EXT_IP, WAN (Internet)
- Select Wireless > Basic Settings tab
- Set Wireless Network.Wireless Mode = Client
- Set Wireless Network.Wireless Network Mode = Mixed (or if all your cards and ROUTER support G, then set it to G-Only)
- Set Wireless Network.Wireless Network Name


text:
Charcoal is an amazing substance. It adsorbs more poisons than any other substance known to mankind. It is the highly absorbent gritty black material commonly found in air and water filters and has the well-earned reputation of being a universal antidote. It can adsorb most organic chemicals, many inorganic chemicals and countless poisonous substances before they can cause harm.
Although activated charcoal can be used as an antidote in poisoning from most drugs and chemicals, it will not be effective against the following: cyanide, alcohol, caustic alkalies (such as lye), mineral acids, or boric acids. Strong alkaline and acid poisons need to be treated with solutions with the opposite pH. For example, until the ambulance arrives, calcium powder in water will help offset acids and vinegar will help offset alkalies. Consult a Poison Control Center (phone numbers are in the front of your phone book) or a doctor immediately, for instructions and information in any poisoning emergency.
When mixed with water and swallowed to counteract poisoning, charcoal adsorbs the poison or drug, inactivating it. It then carries it inert through the entire length of the digestive tract and out of the body. Charcoal is not absorbed, neutralized, nor metabolized by the body.
In a poisoning emergency, if the victim is conscious, first induce vomiting (unless he has swallowed an acid) if it can be done quickly. Induced vomiting will bring up about 30% of the poison from the stomach. Do not give charcoal before giving an emetic (to get him to vomit), because the charcoal will neutralize the emetic. Remember that charcoal will not work in cases of poisoning by strong acids or alkalies. Then give the charcoal to help inactivate the remaining 70%. Larger doses will be needed if the person has eaten a meal recently.
Never give charcoal, or anything else, to an unconscious person to swallow. Contact a physician or ambulance immediately.
How well activated charcoal really works in practical situations depends on several different factors:
1. The type of toxicant (its chemical structure and physical properties)
2. The amount and type of charcoal ingested.
3. The length of time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal ingestion.
4. The contents of your intestinal fluids and intestinal transport efficiency.
As a general rule, a single large dose of activated charcoal should be taken as soon as possible after ingesting a poison. The amount of activated charcoal should exceed the toxic substance by a factor of eight (a ratio of 8:1). In other words, if you're poisoned with 5 grams of a chemical, you need to take at least 40 grams of activated charcoal. Some recommend ingesting a minimum of 50 grams of activated charcoal as a counter-poison, because ingesting large amounts of activated charcoal is harmless, and taking too little is ineffective. The actual effectiveness of the activated charcoal will vary, so take more than you think you require.
Activated charcoal should be taken within 30 minutes of ingesting the poison. The longer the delay, the less effective activated charcoal will be. On some poisons delaying more than 30 minutes decreases the effectiveness of the activated charcoal as an antidote by up to 60%. The bottom line is plain and simple. Keeping activated charcoal in your medicine cabinet and taking it if you are poisoned could save your life and your money too.
Charcoal can do these various things because of its ability to attract other substances to its surface and hold them there. This is called 'adsorption' (not absorption). Charcoal can adsorb thousands of times its own weight in harmful substances.
Nowadays, activated charcoal is often used to clear drugs and intoxicants that can enter the body through the intestinal tract, and even by injection and other routes. The systemic clearance of toxic substances or detoxification by activated charcoal is accomplished by taking multiple daily doses. Activated charcoal detoxifies the body in several manners:
1. Purifies the 6-8 liters of digestive fluids that are secreted daily which in turn helps remove foreign substances from the blood.
2. Absorbs the intoxicant substance and its metabolites that are excreted into the small intestine from the biliary (bile) tract, preventing their reabsorption.
3. Absorbs drugs that diffuse back into the stomach and intestines.
4. Decreases the detoxification work load of the liver.
Activated charcoal shortens the time it takes an intoxicant to leave the system and decreases the duration and intensity of symptoms. People who take activated charcoal after drinking alcohol or taking recreational drugs such as cocaine or amphetamines recover quicker. For that reason, some recommend taking activated charcoal as part of a drug recovery program to ease withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug craving.
Very few health practitioners realize that activated charcoal is the best single supplement for enhancing detoxification. Detoxification is an on-going biological process that prevents toxins (from infectious agents, food, air, water, and substances that contact the skin) from destroying health. Chronic exposure to toxins produces cellular damage, diverse diseases, allergic like reactions, compromised immunity and premature aging.
Studies have also discovered that activated charcoal is a potent life-extending agent. It normalizes cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The regular use of activated charcoal improves the adaptive functioning of essential organs (the liver, kidneys, and adrenals). That translates into better defense mechanisms. So the cumulative effects from activated charcoal are longer life and improved overall health.
You can help your heart and circulatory system by taking activated charcoal. Activated charcoal lowers the concentration of total lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood serum, liver, heart and brain. In one study that was reported in the British journal, Lancet, on patients with high cholesterol, 8 gm of activated charcoal taken three times a day lowered total cholesterol 25%, lowered LDL cholesterol 41% and doubled their HDL/LDL (high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol ratio. Microscopic tissue examination studies have shown that a daily dose of activated charcoal may prevent sclerotic changes in the heart and coronary blood vessels.
Activated charcoal reduces the activity of some viruses. So if you catch a cold or the flu, try activated charcoal. You may suffer less and heal faster. Activated charcoal also prevents the poisonous activity of many harmful bacteria in the human body by adsorbing the toxins and enzymes that they generate. Studies have shown that activated charcoal is an effective treatment for dysentery, cholera, and many infectious conditions of the digestive tract.
Activated charcoal can be an effective companion to any regimen for the treatment of systemic Candida albicans infections. Activated charcoal adsorbs much of the toxins that Candida produces that otherwise would be absorbed by the blood and carried throughout the body. These toxins produce pathological changes in tissues and organs and interfere with proper immune function. Candida toxins cause allergic reactions and are responsible for the debilitating symptoms of Candidiasis. It can also suppress the growth of intestinal-based yeasts and can alleviate the symptoms of yeast die-off so people can continue treatment and not suffer. Do not take required medications within 2 hours of taking activated charcoal.
Activated charcoal has been used by physicians since the last century to treat various intestinal complaints. Abdominal distension (bloating) and flatulence respond favorably to treatment with activated charcoal. Diarrhea caused by food poisoning, bacteria, nervousness and other factors is usually alleviated by taking activated charcoal. Some physicians have used activated charcoal to stop bleeding from ulcerative colitis and calm spastic colons. Activated charcoal is the best intestinal deodorant available. Taking activated charcoal counteracts decomposition products from food (such as beans) that cause flatulence and diarrhea. Travelers to foreign countries would be wise to pack activated charcoal. In my opinion, activated charcoal is the most practical way to effectively counteract food poisoning.
Studies have proven that activated charcoal is basically harmless. Ingesting high dosages does not interfere with sleep, appetite or well being--or cause major problems. There are several undesirable effects of using activated charcoal that can be avoided by complying with the following directions. Activated charcoal is highly adsorbent; when it is ingested at the same time as medication, supplements and foods it may decrease their absorption and utilization. Therefore, always allow 2 hours before and wait 2 hours after using activated charcoal to eat, take supplements or swallow medication. Activated charcoal has a natural tendency to cause constipation. That can be counteracted by taking a mild herbal laxative with the activated charcoal. Finally activated charcoal harmlessly blackens your stools.
Because of the large volume of charcoal that is needed, it is easiest to take liquid preparation of charcoal powder. For example, to take 30 grams of charcoal a day in capsules would require that you swallow about 60 capsules. Furthermore, activated charcoal tablets are not effective. They take too long to disintegrate and release the activated charcoal.
Unfortunately, a simple water and charcoal mixture is unpalatable and messy. It tastes like a charcoal briquette, and blackens your teeth, gums and tongue. These problems can be avoided by ingesting a powdered activated charcoal complex that contains a thickening agent like Bentonite, with added flavors and mild sweeteners.
Studies have shown that the addition of bentonite significantly improved the palatability of an activated charcoal and water slurry. Bentonite acts as thickening agent that reduces powdery mouth-feel and improves the taste without reducing the efficacy of activated charcoal. In fact, Bentonite is an enterosorption agent and a poison antidote in its own right. For example, bentonite has been shown to bind and reduce the poison paraquat.
Experts advise that if you are using powdered charcoal then mix it with a tall glass of water and drink it with a straw. This


_TAG_ scribble/doc @(require scribble/manual) _USER_{Annotated Code Boxes} @(author+email "Jordan Johnson" "_EMAIL_") This package implements annotated code chunks in DrScheme. It allows you to write an expression, annotate it, and hide the code so that your expression is visually represented by a box containing only the annotation. _USER_{Creating Annotated Code} Installing this package adds two items to the DrScheme menu system, allowing you to insert annotated-code boxes and annotate selected code. _USER_{Inserting Annotated Code Boxes} On the _USER_{Insert} menu, this package adds an item _USER_{Insert Annotated Code Box}, which inserts a box at the current cursor position. _USER_{Annotating Existing Code} On the _USER_{Scheme} menu, this package adds an item _USER_{Annotate this Code}, which behaves as follows: _USER_{ _USER_{If text is currently selected (highlighted) in the active editor, the selected text will be replaced by an annotated-code box containing the text in its upper editor (the code editor).} _USER_{Otherwise, if the cursor is inside an S-expression, the enclosing S-expression will be replaced by an annotated-code box containing the expression in its code editor.} } _USER_{Manipulating Annotated Code} Once created, an annotated-code box behaves somewhat similarly to a comment box. It will be evaluated as an expression in the context of the surrounding code, and the Tab and Shift-Tab keystrokes allow movement between the two fields. At the left side of each annotated-code box the word "expr" appears. If the last edit inside the box left one or more complete expressions in the box's code editor, "expr" will be blue; if not, it will be red. Right-clicking this "expr" produces a menu that allows hiding and showing the code editor, and converting the annotated-code box to plain Scheme source text (with or without including the annotation as a Scheme comment).


text: Professional and organizational attention in recent years to what ethnographers can and cannot disclose as part of their research accounts has extended the range and relevance of concerns pertaining to the relation between investigators and those they study. When researchers are working under conditions characterised by secrecy and a limited access to information, then the difficulties faced in offering accounts are all the more acute. This presentation examines the political, ethical, and epistemological challenges associated with how we manage what is missing within our writing. The argument is based on an ethnographic-type engagement over a five-year period. I want to consider the representational implications of the disclosure rules, confidentiality agreements, informal arrangements, etc. associated with contemporary research; in particular their implications for how knowledge claims are substantiated and reproduced. I also want to go further though to ask what novel writing strategies and methods could enable us to undertake a critical and evocative engagement with the worlds we study, while also respecting the limitations on what can be communicated. My basic orientation has been to seek forms of writing that exemplify the negotiation of disclosure and concealment between investigators and those they study in the relation between authors and their readers. In doing so, a goal has been to determine how limits to what can be said could figure as a productive part of our research accounts.


text:
GDP per person
Comparisons of economic output on a purchasing-power parity (PPP) basis take account of the variations in prices of the same goods in different countries. Unlike comparisons at market exchange rates, PPP reflects the real purchasing power of each country's residents. In PPP terms, Japan's output per person is about three-quarters of America's. Output in Poland is $11,400 in PPP terms, compared with $5,700 at market exchange rates. India's output per person in PPP terms is $2,800, which is about 7% of per-person output in America, and around half of China's.


text:
What is Learning Style?
Learning style refers to the process of efficient acquiring, storing and managing information through learning and teaching based on the individual's style of preference.
Learning style definition
Learning style refers to a process of efficient acquiring, storing and managing information through learning and teaching based on an individual's style of preference.
Learning styles emerged from four different actions: having an experience, reviewing the experience, drawing conclusions from the experience and planning the next steps based on the experience.
Learning style models
1. Converger: for individuals who are prone to abstract concepts, experimentation, practical application of ideas and deductive reasoning.
2. Diverger: includes reflective observation and concrete evidence or experience for individuals who are good at seeing things from a different angle and creative endeavors.
3. Assimilator: for individuals who are good with abstract concepts and reflective observation, inductive reasoning and the use of theoretical models.
4. Accommodator: for individuals who prefer concrete experience and experimentation through engaging with the world to learn rather than study theory.


Sign up ×
I've searched and searched for a solution today but haven't found one.
I have a Camera with Vector3 and also the camera has an angle.
If I use this:
hero.position.x += speedX;
hero.position.z += speedZ;
works great but as soon as I rotate the camera the "hero" still goes in the same direction. So if I press button W I want the hero to go the way the camera is looking.
I've also tried:
hero.position.x += Math.sin(hero.rotation*3.1415/180) * speedX;
hero.position.z += Math.cos(hero.rotation*3.1415/180) * speedZ;
But it wont work and I just can walk in a line.
So how do I move in 3D space in first person mode?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 0 down vote accepted
You need to find a vector that points in the direction the camera is looking and then multiply this vector by your forward movement speed.
So you need to create a Matrix that rotates a Vector x-degrees around the Y-axis. Now I don't know what framework you're using (it just says java in your tags) so I'll just give some sample code that you need to adapt:
float degrees = 90; //degrees your camera is rotated along the y-axis
Vector3 forward = new Vector(0,0,-1);
forward = Vector3.Transform(forward, Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(degrees)));
Moving your player can now be done using the above forward vector
player.X += speed * forward.Z;
player.Y += speed * forward.Y;
player.Z += speed * forward.Z
Now if you're making a FPS you might also want to add strafing, this can be done easily by taking the forward vector, and rotating it another 90 degrees, you then have the 'left' vector which you can add as above the player's position where speed is 1 when'strafe-left' is pressed, -1 when'strafe-right' is pressed and 0 when nothing is pressed
You can also get the left vector by using the cross vector of the forward vector and the up vector (0,1,0).
In my example x is left-right, y is up-down, z+ screen to you z- screen to 'inside' of screen.
Edit: important note, you should always calculate a new forward vector every frame, don't re-use it and apply new rotations to the forward vector since small errors, that eventually become large errors, will creep in.
share|improve this answer
or if he have access to the direction as a Quaternion orientation;, just: forward = orientation * new Vector3(0, 0, -1); backward = -forward; left = orientation * new Vector3(-1, 0, 0); right = -left; :D – Gustavo Maciel May 4 '12 at 18:18
Do you have a vector to the "look" point?
If so, just increase the player position by a vector speed*(eyePositionToLookPoint)
eyePositionToLookPoint = look - eye ;
eyePositionToLookPoint.normalize() ;
playerPos += speed*eyePositionToLookPoint ;
Be sure to normalize()!
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013)|
|Federal Agency for Technical Relief
Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk
|Common name||Technisches Hilfswerk|
|Main logo of the THW|
|Formed||August 22, 1950|
|Preceding agency||Technische Nothilfe (Technical Emergency Relief)|
|Annual budget||EUR 176.000.000 (2010)|
|Legal personality||Governmental: Government agency|
|Constituting instrument||Law on German Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW Law)|
|Agency executive||Albrecht Broemme, President|
The Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk (Federal Agency for Technical Relief, THW) is a civil protection organisation controlled by the German federal government. 99% of its 83,807 members (January 2010) are volunteers.
The tasks of the THW are described in a law called THW-Gesetz. These tasks are:
- technical relief in Germany as part of national civil protection measures
- technical or humanitarian relief in foreign countries, as assigned by the government
- technical and logistical support for other (German) GOs, NGOs or other authorities like fire brigades, police or the custom authorities.
After World War II the Technisches Hilfswerk was founded in 1950, by order of the minister of the interior. The first president of the THW was Otto Lumitzsch, who already had founded the THW's predecessor, the Technische Nothilfe, in 1919. The main purpose of the THW was civil defense in the event of war. This has changed during the decades; today the THW is a capable helper in a wide spectrum of disasters, such as traffic accidents, industrial disasters, or earthquakes.
The largest disaster control action took place in August 2002 after the severe flooding of the Elbe river in eastern Germany. All in all, about 24,000 THW members participated in the operation, with up to 10,000 people helping simultaneously along the Elbe and its tributaries.
The largest engagement outside Germany was in France in 2000, after storms Lothar and Martin had destroyed much of the overhead electrical overland wires and overturned trees blocked many streets from December 26 to 28, 1999. The main contribution was supplying temporary electrical power for hospitals and other important institutions and rebuilding parts of the electrical system.
The organisation has also been active in many disaster relief operations abroad, for example after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake (for both relief operations and medium-term rebuilding), Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, in 2010 during the flooding in Poland, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
As a federal authority which is part of the Federal Ministry of the Interior the THW is headed by the president of the THW administration together with its board. The current president, from 16 May 2006, is Dipl.-Ing Albrecht Broemme. He previously served as national director of the Fire Chief Berlin Fire Department. The headquarters of the THW administration and management (THW-Leitung) are in Bonn-Lengsdorf, together with the Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe (BBK) (Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance).
Structure of the THW: It consists of 668 THW local chapters, 66 offices, 8 regional associations and the THW administration in Bonn.
THW administration - based in Bonn is subject to the THW-President and assist the latter in his daily official business. It consists of the management staff, the representative for the volunteer and the two departments work with the units E1 principle, E2 abroad, E3 competence development, E4 logistics and E5 technology and Division Central Services with the units Z1 helpers and staff, Z2 organization, Finance Z3, Z4 and Z5 right information and communication.
The THW-Logistikzentrum (THW logistics center) has its office in Heiligenhaus and is via its attachment to the Logistics Unit E4 part of the THW administration.
Field organisation
The THW is stationed all over Germany in 668 local chapters, called Ortsverbände. Some 80,000 people are active in this organisation including about 15,000 young volunteers (members of the THW-Jugend). The majority of those are volunteers, while about 800 work full-time in its administration. Each local chapter (Ortsverband) maintains one or more Technische Züge (technical platoons), each consisting of one Zugtrupp (command squad), comprising four volunteers, two Bergungsgruppen (rescue units) comprising nine (first unit) to twelve (second unit) volunteers, and one to three Fachgruppen (Technical Units), comprising four to eighteen volunteers.
The main type of THW unit (about two out of three) is one of two Bergungsgruppe (1st and 2nd Rescue Groups), equipped with heavy tools like hydraulic cutting devices, chain saws, and pneumatic hammers. Their Vehicles are the Gerätekraftwagen 1 (GKW 1) for the 1st Rescue Group and the Mehrzweckkraftwagen (MzKW) or the older Gerätekraftwagen 2 (GKW 2) - which is scheduled to phased out - is for the 2nd Rescue Group.
The Fachgruppen (Technical Units) include:
- Infrastruktur (Infrastructure),
- Räumen (Debris Clearance),
- Sprengen (Demolition/Blasting),
- Elektroversorgung (Electricity Supply),
- Beleuchtung (Illumination),
- Wasserschaden / Pumpen (Water Damage / Pumps),
- Wassergefahren (Water Hazards),
- Logistik (Logistics),
- Ölschaden (Oil Pollution),
- Trinkwasserversorgung (Water Supply and Treatment),
- Brückenbau (Bridge Building),
- Führung und Kommunikation (Command, Control and Communication), and
- Ortung (Search and Detection).
For relief in foreign countries, there are four Schnelleinsatzeinheiten Bergung Ausland or SEEBA (Rapid Deployment Unit Search and Rescue Abroad) units, able to go airborne within six hours, and five Schnelleinsatzeinheiten Wasserversorgung Ausland or SEEWA (Rapid Deployment Unit Water Supply and Treatment Abroad) units.
Services Provided
Technical Threat Prevention
- Search and rescue, and salvage
- Clearing and blasting
- Water Rescue
- Combat flooding and inundation
- Area Lighting
Infrastructure Technical Support
- Electric supply
- Drinking water supply
- Waste water disposal
- Emergency Bridge work
Command and Communication, Logistics
- Command center Establishment and operation
- Command support
- Creation of temporary telecommunication systems
- Establishment and operation of logistic bases
- Catering and care of operational staff
- Maintenance of material, repair and maintenance work for mission equipment
- Transportation of consumer goods for mission demands
Technical Support in the Protection of the Environment
- Fight against oil damage
- Water analysis
Provision of the Population
- Electricity and drinking water provision
- Waste water disposal
- Establishment and equipment of emergency accommodation and collecting points with matching infrastructure
- Technical help on traffic routes
- Rescue from heights
- Makeshift road works
- Maintenance of civil protection facilities such as emergency wells and shelters.
Heads of THW
- 1952–1955: Otto Lummitzsch
- 1955–1958: Alexander Löfken
- 1958–1962: Rudolf Schmidt
- 1962–1977: Hans Zielinski
- 1977–1985: Hermann Ahrens
- 1985/1986: Helmut Meier
- 1986–2002: Gerd Jürgen Henkel
- 2002–2006: Georg Thiel
- since 2006: Albrecht Broemme
See also Conscription in Germany
In Germany, military service was mandatory for adult males until 2011. Instead of joining the military for six months full-time, one of the alternatives was to join a non-combatant volunteer organisation within the German Katastrophenschutz (disaster relief) or Zivilschutz (civil defense) for a minimum of four years (this is calculated so that although serving far less time every week, in the end the number of served hours was about the same). The THW was one of those organisations, as well as volunteer fire brigades and various organisations engaged in emergency medical service.
The THW-Jugend (THW Youth) is the youth organization of the Technical Relief. It has set itself the target to introduce boys and girls from the age of ten in a playful way to the work of the THWs. The THW-Jugend is not part of the Federal Agency for Technical Relief, but is an independently registered charity. This arrangement was made in order to avoid maintaining a state youth organization.
See also
- "THW-Gesetz - Gesetz ueber das Technische Hilfswerk". Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- "Technical and Humanitarian Assistance Worldwide". Retrieved 2008-04-29.
- "Erdbeben in Japan: THW setzt Hilfe fort". Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- "The SEEBA Special Unit


text:
Helper for you to write cheque in English, Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese
Background: Writing cheque needs wording in order to prevent other people to change the number. However, someone may have difficulty on remembering either English or Chinese.
Objective: To have a software to help users to write cheque. It will translate the number to be wording (English or Chinese)
Converting number to English description
Converting number to simplified chinese description
Converting number to traditional chinese description


text:
We were apes before we were humans. But humans were the onetime apes who ultimately mastered fire and cooked.
Primatologist and anthropologist Richard Wrangham says that in evolutionary terms, that made all the difference. And not just because it put flambé on the menu.
Fire meant proto-humans could cook. Cooking, he says, meant they could get dense, empowering nourishment. Then came bigger brains, a different body and — voila! — homo sapiens. Complete, he says, with a social structure built around that fire.


A molecular photoionic AND gate based on fluorescent signalling
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
961 Citations (Scopus)
MOLECULES that perform logic operations are prerequisites for molecular information processing and computation. We and others have previously reported receptor molecules that can be considered to perform simple logic operations by coupling ionic bonding or more complex molecular-recognition processes with photonic (fluorescence) signals: in these systems, chemical binding (the 'input') results in a change in fluorescence intensity (the 'output') from the receptor. Here we describe a receptor (molecule (1) in Fig. 1) that operates as a logic device with two input channels: the fluorescence signal depends on whether the molecule binds hydrogen ions, sodium ions or both. The input/output characteristics of this molecular device correspond to those of an AND gate.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)42-44
Number of pages3
Issue number6432
Publication statusPublished - 01 Jul 1993
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A molecular photoionic AND gate based on fluorescent signalling'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


" % [End of Act Three. Time: 21:07] % % The closing credits appear over a police badge, and the theme music is % march-like, with a rhythmic bass line and lots of trumpets. =============================================================================== > Contributors =============================================================================== {ag} Andy Gough {ddg} Don Del Grande {th} Tony Hill {rl} Ricardo Lafaurie {ar} Andrew Ross =============================================================================== This episode summary is Copyright 1996 by James A. Cherry. Not to be redistributed in a public forum without permission. (The quotes themselves, of course, remain the property of The Simpsons, and the reproduced articles remain the property of the original authors. I'm just taking credit for the compilation.)


text:
Estimated reading time:
Configuration as code
decK can be, or rather should be, used in a CI pipeline to push out configuration
It is advisable to store configuration of Kong in a Git repository (or any other
Version Control System, or VCS) and then perform GitOps on Kong's configuration:
- Any time a change needs to be performed, ask the developer to open a
Pull or Merge Request, which can be reviewed by other humans.
You should use
deck validate and
deck diff commands in the CI to validate
and see if the target changes will be performed or not.
Although unlikely, it is possible that a
deck sync command might fail
even if the above two pass. If this happens, a human has to intervene and
resolve the conflict or error manually.
- Once the configuration change is merged in, the CI should execute
again (to have a log of what is changing), followed by
You should also have a
cronjob in your CI or any other system, which verifies
if the source of truth, meaning Kong's database is in the exact same state as
you want it to be (the state file in VCS repository).
Unless you do this step, you do not have a truly declarative configuration
as your are configure Kong but are never verifying. The system could be
out of sync and can go undetected until another change is performed.
Any time you use decK within an automated environment, including a
deck ping command in the beginning of your script can ease debugging
in the future, as it usually rules out connectivity issues between decK and Kong.


text:
By Robin Lawless on This Dish Is Veg
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) announced last week that China and Russia have agreed to create a protected area on their shared border to use as a habitat for the endangered Siberian tiger. The transboundary protected area will double the range the tigers roam.
The Siberian tiger, also know as the Amur tiger, is the largest of the tiger subspecies and is highly endangered with an estimated population of only 500.
"Since both countries play a crucial role in terms of global tiger recovery, a future transboundary network would represent a big step in WWF's global tiger conservation effort," said Dr. Sergey Aramilev, the biodiversity coordinator for the Amur Branch of WWF-Russia.
The agreement marks a great achievement during the Chinese Year of the Tiger.
Earlier this year, WWF launched the TX2 campaign to double the number of wild tigers by the next Year of the Tiger, which occurs in 2022.
The agreed upon transboundary area will also be a protected habitat for other endangered species like the Far East leopard, musk deer and goral.


text:
Some wonderful things can be done once we get rid of the pesky atmosphere we live in. Feathers drop like rocks. Bells go silent. Water boils at room temperature. Balloons inflate themselves. Frozen foods dry out but keep their shape.
Sometimes all you need is a little bit of vacuum to help dry something out, or move a liquid through a tube, or remove gasses from a liquid.
In this project, we will make a vacuum pump from common inexpensive plumbing parts. We will then use it to inflate marshmallows to twice their size, remove the air from them, and then shrink them down to a wrinkled, rubbery candy with the density of a gumdrop.
If all of the materials are at hand, the pump goes together in about a half hour.
To see how the pump works, look at the drawing below.
The pump consists of a small diameter pipe (called the piston) inserted into a larger diameter pipe (called the cylinder).
The drawing shows the pump at two points during its operation. The top drawing shows air being drawn into the pipe by pulling out the piston. The bottom drawing shows air exiting the pipe when the piston is pushed back in. At the right end of the pipe is a commercially bought one-way valve. This valve lets air into the pipe, but will not let air out of the pipe.
At the end of the piston is a home-made one-way valve.
The home-made one-way valve is made using a rubber "O" ring that slides up or down on the piston. A hole is drilled into the piston, and two "stops" are attached, so the "O" ring cannot slide past them.
When the piston is being pushed into the cylinder, the "O" ring slides back, letting the air in the cylinder exit through the drilled hole, and out through the hollow piston.
When the piston is pulled out of the cylinder, the "O" ring slides towards the stop at the end of the piston, and blocks the air from getting to the drilled hole. The right end of the piston is closed off (the pipe is sealed). The left end is open, to let the air escape.
This will all become easier to understand as you see the parts go together in the photos below.
The first step is to make the piston. We start by adding the stops that keep the "O" ring from sliding. These stops are made from short pieces of the thin-walled ¾ inch tubing. We cut slots along the length of the thin-wall tuning to allow it to be compressed onto the ½ inch piston tube.
Using liberal amounts of PVC cement, we glue the stops onto the piston, compressing them into place with rubber bands. The stops should be about ¾ inches apart.
In the center of the space between the stops, we drill holes in the ½ inch pipe. Here you see we have drilled three holes, spaced at roughly equal distances around the pipe.
The photo below shows several simple steps all completed.
The commercial one-way valve has been cemented onto the 1 inch cylinder pipe. Make sure that the arrow on the valve is pointing towards the cylinder.
A short length of 1 inch pipe is cemented into the other end of the commercial one-way valve, and some reducing fittings are cemented to that so that we end up with a hose barb at the end. I found it convenient to use a right angle reducing fitting, followed by a gray threaded pipe, and a gray hose barb that threads onto the gray pipe. Be sure to cement any threaded parts, to ensure a vacuum tight seal.
We also cemented on a ½ inch "T" fitting onto the far left end of the piston pipe, to act as a convenient handle.
The next step is to make a thin plastic disk to close off the right end of the piston pipe.
We make the thin disk by flattening a small piece of the thin-walled ¾ inch pipe, and then cutting a circle out of it.
To flatten the pipe, cut a slot in it lengthwise, and then heat it over a stove to soften the plastic.
When the plastic is soft, it can be flattened by pressing it against a heat resistant surface such as a tile countertop, or concrete floor. We used pliers, but fingers inside leather gloves (to prevent being burned) will also do the trick. Placing the bottom of a drinking glass onto the plastic will flatten it and cool it at the same time.
Draw a circle on the flat plastic by tracing around a piece of ½ inch pipe.
Cut the circle out of the plastic using tin snips or some other strong cutting tool.
Now glue the disk onto the end of the piston pipe. Be generous with the glue.
Allow the glue to dry, and then remove the rubber bands.
Next we slip the "O" ring over the stop at the end of the piston, and into the space between the stops, where the holes were drilled. We add a generous amount of petroleum jelly to lubricate the "O" ring and ensure a vacuum tight seal.
The piston can now be placed into the cylinder. It should be somewhat of a tight fit getting the "O" ring into the cylinder, but the petroleum jelly should help lubricate it as it slides down in.
The hose can now be attached to the hose barb. To make this easier, place the end of the hose into a cup of very hot water for a few minutes to soften it. It will now fit easily onto the barb, and shrink to fit very tightly.
The completed pump is shown below, attached to a vacuum gauge from an automotive parts store. The gauge is showing 23 inches of mercury, although with more pumping we can get up to 26 inches of mercury with this pump.
Next, we will make a "bell jar". This is a jar that we will connect to the pump using the hose. We can put things into the jar, and then pump the air out of the jar. Canning jars are best, since they are made to withstand a vacuum.
To make the bell jar, we drill a hole in the center of the jar lid, and attach a hose barb. In the photo we used a brass hose barb, and soldered it into the hole. You can use a plastic hose barb if you like, and use epoxy to attach it to the jar lid.
The photo above shows a pair of marshmallows we placed in the jar before screwing the top on. When the air is pumped out of the jar, the marshmallows grow to twice their normal size. Then they gradually shrink, as the air leaks out of the marshmallow, into the evacuated jar. When we later remove the hose from the jar, air rushes into the jar, and the marshmallows shrink into dense, wrinkled candy with the density of a gumdrop. They feel heavy compared to normal marshmallows, although they weigh the same (in air).
The next pump is actually simpler to build (but more expensive because it uses two factory made one-way valves, and that was the most expensive part of the first pump).
This pump can draw a vacuum like the first, but it can also inflate beach toys and air mattresses, or pump water. Whether pumping water or air, the stuff goes in one end and out the other, instead of travelling through a hollow piston like the first pump.
To make it a little less expensive, we use ¾ inch valves instead of 1 inch valves.
We start by drilling a hole in the end of the wooden dowel just a bit smaller than the wood screw. We also drill a hole in the rubber stopper. We then screw the rubber stopper onto the end of the dowel, as shown below.
We can control the thickness of the rubber stopper by tightening the screw to make it fatter if necessary. The stopper must completely block the pipe, yet still be able to slide in and out when lubricated with petroleum jelly.
The next step is to glue the PVC pieces together. Make sure that the arrows on both one-way valves are going in the same direction!
Here is a closeup of the one-way valve before gluing. On this valve, the arrow is molded into the plastic to the left of the label.
When the glue has dried, liberally grease the stopper with petroleum jelly, and slide it into the pipe. As you slide the stopper in, you will hear air coming out of the valve whose arrow points away from the pump. As you then pull the stopper back out, you will hear air entering through the other valve.
This pump is very effective for pumping water.
The inside diameter of the pipe is 0.8 inches.
With each 36 inch stroke of the piston, the amount of water pumped is
36 π (0.4)2 = 18 cubic inches.
That's about 10 fluid ounces, or 0.3 liters.
Next: A Classic Propellor Toy Del.icio.us


text:
Scientists believe in an evolutionary reason behind cuteness. Cute babies are healthy babies and cute babies get more attention from mom. Let's say someone has a set of fraternal twins; whoever has the most symmetrical face, the biggest eyes, and the nicest smile is going to get more attention. Same with animals. Endangered species that are considered cute have a better chance of surviving than more homely species simply because more people will care (Leonard 2007).
In order to understand why cats are so cute, it's important to explain what makes a baby anything so appealing in the first place.
In terms of evolution, there are certain subtle characteristics about a person that indicate just how healthy it is. It's not that there's some checklist or anything, it's simply that the bigger a human baby's eyes or the smaller it's mouth, the more healthy it is (healthy meaning fewer genetic mutations). Symmetry is also a big factor; it plays a role in not just how we react to babies, but how we find mates attractive, as well.
Large and symmetrical heads, big eyes, and a small mouth and nose make babies very appealing to us. These traits also apply to cats - and to the extreme. Proportionate to size their bodies, cats have the biggest eyes of any land mammal. Include soft fur and you excessive cuteness stuffed into a small, purry package. The cuter something is, the more we want it in our homes and on our laps.
And you know what? They know it's our weakness and they use it against us. A kitten could go into a store and demand that you put all the tuna into the duffel bag and nobody gets hurt and you'd be all like "Okie-dokie, but only if you let me rub your little tummy-wummy first!"
Cats don't just manipulate us in appearance, though. Oh, no - cats have learned to work us into a puddle of obedient mush with meowing and purring. A study by behavioral ecologist Karen McComb found that, as with babies, humans can distinguish between the different kinds of purrs from a cat. We know the difference between a hungry/whining (pleading) purr and one of content (Peeples 2009). To persuade us to fulfill their desires, cats can also employ a high-frequency meow that is incredibly similar to the cry of a human baby.
Have you fallen victim to feline adorability?


ThunderEase for Cats helps to calm your cats, and resolve many different issues you may be having. If you've asked yourself any of the following questions, we have the solution for you!
"How to get my cat to stop spraying?"
"How do I get my cat to stop peeing outside the litter box?"
"How to stop my cat from scratching?"
"How do I get my cats get along and stop fighting?"
"How do I calm my cat during travel?"
"How do I get my cat to stop hiding?"
ThunderEase for Cats mimics a cat's natural pheromones, helping them to feel calm and comfortable, and therefore helps to reduce stress-related problems, like scratching, spraying, and hiding. Pheromones can also help cats to bond with each other, therefore helping to reduce fighting, and improve relationships when welcoming a new member to the family. What are pheromones? Great question!
Pheromones are a type of chemical communication that cats use to interact with each other, and the world around them. All cats can understand pheromone signals, no matter the breed, or how old they are! These messages are released by special glands all around their body (face, chin, paws, etc.) – so if you've seen your cat rubbing their face on a wall / furniture, they are releasing their facial pheromones, and marking the area. They can be doing the same thing when they scratch as well. Different pheromones send different messages to other cats.
ThunderEase for cats comes in the form of a calming diffuser kit, or a calming spray. The diffuser kit should be used for at home issues, and the spray is very useful if you want to reduce anxiety while traveling.
ThunderEase mimics a cat's natural facial pheromone, which helps the cats to feel calm and confident in their environment. Stress is a common trigger for your cat to start scratching or spraying, so by reducing stress and helping them to feel calmer, it helps to stop the unwanted behaviors. ThunderEase for Cats is clinically proven to reduce peeing outside the litter box, or scratching, in 90% of cats.
ThunderEase Multi-Cat mimics a cat's maternal nursing pheromone, which helps to send "harmony messages" among cats. ThunderEase Multi-Cat is clinically proven to reduce fighting among cats.
Our cat pheromone diffusers could be the answer to your problems. We offer a 100% satisfaction guarantee, so give them a try today!


text:
Project FlashDeath is a top-secret biological weapon project developed by the Galactic Empire during the reign of Emperor Palpatine. FlashDeath serves as a major plot device in the Rayzur's Edge Audio drama Second Strike.
Project FlashDeath (alternatively "the FlashDeath Project") began shortly after the Imperial takeover of Ferri'sol. Acting under orders from Emperor Palpatine himself, Imperial Intelligence began funneling scientists and researchers from the Empire's publicly-funded science academies to Ferri'sol, under the guise of tourists. They set up shop in a high-end prefabricated warehouse in the capital city of Pri'gorod, where the facility would remain until just over five years after the Battle of Endor.
The goal of the project was to create an "ultimate pathogen," a virus that would be airborne, species-jumping, and 100% contagious to all forms of life, sentient and otherwise. The intent was to use this biological weapon not for pacification but for the complete annihilation of life on a target world without causing damage to infrastructure or natural mineral deposits on ore-rich worlds, particularly in the Expansion Region, of which Ferri'sol itself is part.
Utilizing the pinnacle of Imperial genetic science, researchers, including the ill-fated Dr. Lom Darus, worked for over five years on the project with only the slightest hint of their work ever making it off-world. What little information did leak into the outside world came only in the form of the project's name, recovered by the Rebel vessel Stallion after the deaths of a Rebel team (Traiven Kova, Skyben Lokan, and Triina Asante) sent to capture information about the project during its early development, approximately one year after the Battle of Yavin.
The project continued in secret, oblivious to the failed Rebel mission. As of the time of the New Republic Intelligence mission to remove Lom Darus from the world, the project was not yet finished, but optimistic estimates, based on their progress to that point, would have put the final completion of the virus at perhaps one year from the time of the Intel mission.
According to computer files recovered by Jaren Valkan, Kristara Eri'lur, and Tathan Aldric after the liberation of Ferri'sol, the virus would have lived up to Imperial expectations. The virus (more accurately described as a metaviral agent) would have been capable of being inserted into a biosphere, where it would spread through air, water, and physical contact from one lifeform to another, mutating with deadly efficiency to continue its path of destruction across species lines. One small vial of the pathogen (the size of a vibroblade handle) would have been able to distribute the agent across the surface of a Coruscant-sized planet (12,000 – 12,500 km diameter) within a timeframe of approximately twenty hours.
The metaviral agent, in theory, would act by attacking not specific DNA sequences, but the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA themselves, causing those nucleotides to become, in effect, biological time bombs. This instability would eventually effect the metavirus' own components, causing it to break down within a week of exposure to a planetary atmosphere.
The specifics of how the agent would cause these changes in nucleotides were not yet pinned down at the time of Ferri'sol's liberation, and details inside recovered computer files were so sketchy and so far beyond common Imperial or New Republic scientific knowledge, that it has been speculated that the reason the FlashDeath scientists remained so oblivious to their research's true future application was that the scientists were not the primary architects of the pathogen at all. The true architects, at least based on speculation over the years since the end of the project, were most likely a group of rogue Chiss bio-engineers.
The similarity of the virus to other more recent discoveries during the war with the Yuuzhan Vong, however, have put some doubt to this theory, suggesting that much of the pathogen's structure was somehow tied into captured Yuuzhan Vong or Sekotan biotechnology, neither of which should have been available to the Empire at the time of the project's inception.
One can only wonder how many such secrets Emperor Palpatine took to his grave.


Ruckman (Australian rules football)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
General ruck play in an Australian Football League game. Adelaide Crow Matthew Clarke leaps high over Melbourne Football Club opponent Mark Jamar to tap the ball to his fellow midfielders. The man in the green guernsey is the main officiating field umpire.
A ruck contest after an umpire ball-up. Players surround the contest, waiting for the tap.
In Australian rules football, a ruckman is typically a tall and athletic player who contests at centre bounces and stoppages (such as boundary throw-ins and ball-ups). The ruckman is one of the most important players on the field. They are often key to coaching strategy and winning centre clearances which result in the most goal kicking opportunities (inside 50s).
The role of the ruckman in Australian rules is similar to a lock in rugby union contesting a line-out. The key differences are that with the exception of boundary throw-ins, the ball is almost always thrown straight up high into the air rather than horizontally, so in this respect, the ruckman is similar to a basketball centre. The ruckman needs to be able to control the ball by palm tap or fist with outstretched arms. Unlike rugby, the ruckman must rely on his vertical leap and is not assisted by teammates and Australian football rucking often involves vigorous mid-air collisions with the opposing ruckman.
With no offside or knock on rules, the ruckman can tap the ball in any direction. Before a bounce down or ball up, ruckmen confer with the onballers (rovers and ruck-rovers) to pre-determine the direction of the tap so that they can position themselves to best receive it to the team's advantage.
The ruckman is typically the tallest player on either team. A typical professional Australian Football League ruckman is over 200 cm or 6'7.
When a ruckman beats his opponent by contacting the ball, it is called a hit out and measured as a statistic and performance indicator of effective ruckwork. Although the ruckman is the primary player to score hit-outs, sometimes tall key position players fill in for the ruckman around the ground if the ruckman cannot run to make the contest in time.
Rucking is one of the most physically demanding positions on the ground, both in terms of fitness and body contact. As a result of the high level of physical contact of clashing with opponents in the air, many ruckmen have large physiques or bulk up to prevent injury. As well, due to the use of knees when jumping, many ruckmen wear protective thigh and shin padding, whereas players in other positions rarely do. Coaches often field more than one ruckman and rotate them due to the physical pressure of the position and the endurance of having to run to ruck contests around the ground.
Ruck Styles[edit]
Two ruckmen contest the bounce in a suburban western Sydney AFL game between the East Coast Eagles AFC and Campbelltown Kangaroos AFC
Darren Jolly (red and white) taps the ball to the rover Adam Goodes (37) after beating Patty Ryder in the Ruck duel, while Jobe Watson (4) and Mark McVeigh block Luke Ablett and Brett Kirk (31)from the contest.
Ruckmen are sometimes classified by their style of play, although many players alternate styles during a game based on strategy, the style of an opponent, their physical attributes and versatility.
A tap ruckman (or palm ruckman) is the most skillful and high jumping of styles. Players using this style will deftly palm the ball directly down to the advantage of a smaller teammate or rover, often making their hitouts the most effective. WAFL and VFL great Polly Farmer is considered to be one of the best all-time ruckmen of this style.[1] The AFL's Aaron Sandilands is a good current example.[2]
A mobile ruckman (or mobile bigman) often describes a ruckman that covers a lot of ground. Sometime this type of ruckman is not as tall, as big, or effective at hit outs, but may possess a high leap and a greater athletic endurance. Against less mobile ruckman, this type of player can compensate with an ability to take more marks around the ground playing effectively as a tall ruck rover and sometimes with the additional ability to kick goals while playing from the midfield or drop back into defence when required. Jim Stynes was one of the first modern ruckmen in this mould,[3] while John Barnes with a shorter stature combined endurance with athleticism and high leap successfully in the late 1980s.[citation needed] The AFL's Drew Petrie[citation needed], Adam Goodes. Dean Cox is considered one of a new breed of tall ruckmen with exceptional endurance and field coverage.[citation needed]
A thump ruckman practices a more physical style of rucking. Typically, the player is of a larger and/or taller build and uses brute force (and a style often referred to as crash and bash) to take their opponent out of the contest and punch the ball forward, typically going for distance and penetration into their attacking zone. These players are typically slower around the ground, as such are sometimes referred to as dinosaurs and sometimes criticised for a lack of skill around the ground. This type of ruckwork is rarer in the modern game, more so at its highest level. At the beginning of 2003, the AFL rules were changed so that ruckman must stand at opposite sides and run towards each other. This change affected thump ruckmen especially.
The physical style can often wear down or even injure their opponents during a game, creating a greater advantage, though the style can also make them more susceptible to long term injuries themselves. A well timed thump can sometimes gain as much distance as a kick, so their hitouts can be highly effective, although more often results in a contest at ground level than always to the advantage of a teammate. Also their hitouts also tend to get negated by mobile rucking opponents who are more dominant around the ground. However some players still use this style well. In the AFL, Dean Brogan[citation needed], Ivan Maric[citation needed] and Jamie Charman[citation needed] are such ruckmen.[citation needed]
Strategies using Ruckmen[edit]
Ruckmen are often used by coaches strategically.
Attacking Strategies[edit]
A Western Bulldogs player rises over the top of the two designated ruckman to employ a tandem ruckwork strategy in an AFL match at the Telstra Dome in Melbourne.
Using tandem ruckmen, often known as third man up, is a tactic often employed around the ground as a set play strategy. As only one ruckman from each side can be used at centre bounces, this tactic is restricted to boundary throw-ins and bounces. It involves a second tall or high jumping player from one of the sides contesting the ruck, typically when the taller ruckmen are wrestling at ground level or consistently ineffective in getting a clear tap away. Tandem rucking is not seen frequently. It often results in a thump forward to keep the ball moving towards goal, as it is difficult for the often shorter player contesting the ruck to aim a tap. This is because they are not able to be assisted by lifting and can often be put off balance in the air when jumping over the top of ruckmen. Additionally, by committing an extra player to the ruck contest, there is one less player from that team around the contest - though this can also have the effect of opening up space for more creative roving players. Some key position players are designated secondary ruckmen for boundary throw-ins and will sometimes be used in tandem ruckwork.
During kick-ins the ruckman can sometimes be a designated target. With extra height it is difficult for opposition players to take marks against them and they are an easier target to spot in a cluster.
In a contested situation, the ruckman may be instructed to bring the ball to ground, so that the smaller rovers or crumbers on their team know to attack the ball from front and square position to gain possession.
Ruckmen are sometimes dropped into the goal square during an attack on goals from outside scoring distance. This way they become a tall marking target if a player decides to bomb a kick into the goal square. The term resting ruckman is used when a ruckman is played in the forward line between stints in the ruck. As the ruck requires almost constant running, resting in the forward line gives the ruckman much needed breaks and with their heights they do not need to run or lead as much into space to contest marks when the ball does reach the forward line.
Defensive Strategies[edit]
Some coaches instruct ruckmen to drop back into the hole, which effectively is the open space in which a full-forward might lead. This way the tall player can cut off a low pass designed to hit a full-forward. Standing in the road of a large forward leading out at full speed requires a lot of courage.
Ruckmen will sometimes be designated to stand the mark when an opposition takes a kick on goal. The extra height of the ruckman means that the player has to kick higher, meaning more chance of missing, dropping short or even the possibility of actually kicking into the man on the mark (called a smother).
When an opposition player is having a set shot at goal, particularly from a long distance or on an acute angle, the ruckman may be instructed to run all


text:
Paper: Entrepreneurialism and Affectivity: Selling Poverty and Childhood in Cusco
Cusco, Peru is one of Latin Americaâ€™s leading tourist destinations. With Machu Picchu and other nearby Inca ruins as the main attractions, tourism has become the principal economic and development strategy for the city. This is apparent not just through numerous public and private investments in tourism infrastructure, and the popularity of guiding as a profession, but also because of the many families who participate in an informal street economy, vending souvenirs and artisanal products to tourists. Local children compose an active group of the most successful vendors, often because of the entrepreneurial strategies they have developed for engaging their clients. Child vendors creatively draw on their own discourses of poverty and childhood to encourage both cultural and economic exchanges, with the affectivity of children enabling them to earn as much asâ€"or more thanâ€"their parents. This dissertation project investigates the interactions between children and tourists in Cusco in a number of spaces, including the streets and in aid centers. Focusing on interactions in this first space, this paper will explore several of the strategies that children use, including their development, how they are passed on between vendors, and their success. The economic roles that children play within their families, and the motivations children offer as to why they sell, will also be discussed. This project contributes to anthropological and interdisciplinary studies of childhood, poverty, and tourism, by exploring the economic and cultural exchanges that occur between local children and foreign tourists. In focusing on the childrenâ€™s perspectives on their own labor and viewing their strategies as entrepreneurially supportive of their families, the project allows a nuanced understanding of child labor as both a global phenomenon and a real issue that many different actors are negotiating in Cusco.


text:
Spring and summer 1995: Geologists from the Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois state geological surveys working on a project in western Kentucky found several large blocks of sandstone containing skeletal material. Further examination indicated that the fossil was an embolomere amphibian from late Chesterian (Mississippian) strata. The Kentucky Geological Survey is coordinating research on the specimen, which has been transferred temporarily to a vertebrate paleontologist who will be preparing the fossil for the next year and a half. After preparation and initial examination, a press conference will be held at the Kentucky Geological Survey at the University of Kentucky. The specimen will eventually be housed in the Kentucky Museum of Natural History.313-million-year-old insect fossil found in eastern Kentucky
November 1993: A scientific paper was published on the first insect fossil found in Kentucky. The insect wing, belonging to a spilapterid (Palaeodictyoptera: extinct) insect, was found near Manchester, Ky.. The wing showed traces of original color patterns. Sheltoweeptera redbirdi, the new genus and species, will be part of the Kentucky Museum of Natural History collection. For further information, see Neu Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paleontologie, 1993, v. 11, p. 641-647.
January 1994: The Journal of Paleontology published a paper on a fossil trackway made by a small reptile approximately 320 million years ago, making this the oldest-known reptile fossil in North America. The trackway was found on a sandstone block in McCreary County, Ky. by Mr. Roy Hines. The trackway, referred to as ichnotaxa (trace fossil taxa) Notalacerta missouriensis, showed a straight tail drag mark and hindfoot (pes) and forefoot (manus) impressions made when the animal walked across a small muddy deposit. The specimen is currently at the Geological Sciences Department at the University of Kentucky. Reprints of the Journal of Paleontology article are for sale at the Kentucky Geological Survey, _PHONE_; ask for Reprint 41.
World-famous fossil coral site in Kentucky opens to public
January 1994: The Falls of the Ohio Interpretive Center, part of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, has opened across the Ohio River from Louisville, Ky. The historically famous outcrop of Devonian (375 to 380 million years ago) coral-bearing limestone occurs in the Ohio River within the Commonwealth of Kentucky and is protected as a National Conservation Area. Access is best on the Indiana side of the river. The Interpretive Center offers a museum, bathrooms, parking, picnic tables, and easy access to the outcrops; guides are available. Call _PHONE_ for more information about the Interpretive Center. The illustrated booklet,"Fossil Beds of the Falls of the Ohio" (KGS Special Publication 19) is for sale at the Kentucky Geological Survey, _PHONE_.
Scientists examine Pleistocene (Ice-Age) animal fossils from Big Bone Lick, Ky.
Winter 1995: Two scientists from the University of Kentucky examined mammal fossils originally from Big Bone Lick, Ky., but now held at the University of Nebraska. The fossils were collected on Commonwealth of Kentucky property in the 1960's. Original correspondence between Kentucky and Nebraska officials stated that part of the collection would be returned to Kentucky after studies had been completed. Kentucky is now seeking return of the specimens so that they can be placed in a museum in Kentucky.
Big Bone Lick was one of the first paleontological sites discovered in North America; specimens were collected there by Major Charles LeMoyne de Longueuil in 1739, and Thomas Jefferson authorized a dig there by Captain William Clark, of Lewis and Clark fame, in 1807. Specimens collected by them now reside in the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de France, the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, and at Monticello, Jefferson's home.


text:
Title of project: Identification, characterization and utilization of source of tolerance to drought and high temperature stress in maize
Project funding: Institute
Total approved cost of the project:
- Identification of sources of tolerance to drought and high temperature stress
- Characterization of morpho-physiological traits associated with drought and high temperature stress tolerance
- Utilization of promising lines in hybrid breeding program
Project team: Ishwar Singh, Sain Dass, ML jat and RP Singh
Based on the field and control environment studies source of tolerance to following abiotic stresses identified.
- Drought: LM 14, LM 16, HKI 335, HKI 577, HKI 1532, CM 139, CML 69 and BLSB_RIL-8
- High Temperature: HKI 170 (1+2), HKI 325-17AN, HKI 335, LM 12, LM 17 and CA 14514.
Morpho-physiological traits associated with drought and high temperature stress tolerance in maize identified.
- Drought: Leaf senescence, stay green character, root length, ASI and grain yield
- Heat-stress: Leaf firing, tassel blasting, ASI, Pollen viability and grain yield
Ten experimental hybrids were developed using identified source of tolerance to drought and high temperature