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THE IMPACT OF STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE ON THE ECONOMY OF NIGERIA
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The capital market, as a strong avenue for wealth creation, plays a key role in economic growth and development. The distribution of the wealth is also more equalitarian because the system does not discriminate between investors and the rate of return. What each investor gets out of the system is a matter of what he invests.
The capital market is the segment of the financial market where medium to long term financial instrument are created and/or traded to meet the long term funding needs of economic activities. The degree of effectiveness and efficiency of the market will determine the extent to which it will contribute to the process of economic growth and development. Adedipe (2004)
The capital market can also be defined as the aggregation of institutions and mechanisms through which long term funds are mobilized and used for development purposes (Obadan 1998)
The capital market, given the long term horizon and liquidity offered by its secondary market, provides the best framework for the mobilization of resources – G. Onosode (1998)
According to K.S. Adeyemi (1998), the capital market is the aspect of the financial system which mobilizes and channels long term funds for economic development.
"The capital market provides another option for government and companies to raise long term funds for the execution of capital projects such as construction of bridges, schools, factories, and purchase of vehicles, facilities, and equipment. This compares with the money market, which represents the shortend of the financial system that provides facilities for claims and obligations whose maturity vary from one day to one year." (OkerekeOnyuike 2000).
Ndanusa, S.A (2004), defined capital market as the collection of financial institutions set up for the mobilization of medium or long term loans. It is a market for long term instrument which include; market of mortgages of loan that is the market for mobilization and utilization of longterm loans. It is a market for long term funds for development.
Osondu(1993) within the capital market are the primary and secondary market which includes issuing houses and the securities authorities for issuing of corporate bonds, shares and market of mortgage, this concern and its activities regulations rest in the hand of the stock exchange.
Hence, capital market could be referred to as the mechanism whereby economic units desire to invest their surplus funds, interact directly through financial intermediaries with those who wish to procure funds for their business through the issuance or sale of shares stocks, bonds e.t.c Uzoagu (2002).
In the Nigeria context, participants includes; the Nigerian stock exchange, discount houses, development banks, investment banks, stock broking firms, quoted companies, the government, individuals and the Nigeria Securities and Exchange Commission. However, the Nigerian stock Exchange operates and manages the activities of the capital market.
The capital market embraces trading in both new issues (primary) and old issues of stocks (secondary).
Effective development of the capital market is necessary for the following reasons.
- The mobilization of savings from surplus economic units for channeling into national economic growth;
- The broadening of the ownership base of assets and, this, the creation of a healthy private sector through the empowerment of asset ownership.
- The promotion of rapid capital formation and real investment culture as against short term portfolio investments.
The economic theory 'growth' is essentially a long term concept. It ignores short-term fluctuation in actual national income and emphasizes the impact of investment on raising expected income. Investment in the long run creates more and better capital equipment. The addition to the economy's stock of capital raises the potentials of national income. The long-term increases in the growth theory rather than the short term fluctuations are found in Keynesian theory of income determination.
Keynes (1978) said, from the earliest timethere was a very great change in the standard of life of the average person. This slow rate of progress or lack of progress was due to two reasons, the remarkable absence of important technical improvement and the failure of capital accumulation.
Baran (1978) observed that the principle obstacles to rapid economic growth in the backward countries are the way in which their potential economic surplus is utilized.
From the above elucidation, it could be seen that the capital market is paramount for economic growth in any economy.
2.1.1 Brief history of Nigerian stock market
The Nigerian capital market (NCM) first came into existence in 1960 though it was then the Lagos Stock Exchange. It began operations in 1961 with 19 securities listed for trading. It had an authorized share capital of 10,000 Naira of 500 shares at 20 Naira each. The exchange was incorporated under the company ordinance as an associated company limited by guarantee and formed to promote commerce in Nigeria. The Lagos Stock Exchange was given initial financial backing by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).


IBM Developer Blog
Learn how a feedback loop from your application to the AI services enabling it can help the system improve automatically without significant investment.
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems thrive on data, and usually the best source of this data is feedback from users interacting with your applications. Creating a virtuous feedback loop from your application to the AI services enabling it can help the system improve automatically without significant investment. Watson Discovery helps create this feedback loop through a set of new logging and events APIs, metrics generation, and Continuous Relevancy Training. With these capabilities, you can use Discovery to instrument and collect data from your application to see how users are interacting, including the queries they run and the results they select. This data is then automatically used by Discovery to generate metrics on usage, and perform Relevancy Training to improve the order of results returned.
figure 1
It all starts with collecting data. Discovery enables the data collection today through two ways.
 1. Automated data collection of queries and associated results. Any queries run against a Discovery environment get logged (unless opted out) and can be viewed from the /logs endpoint. These queries are valuable for analyzing user behavior and understanding opportunities to improve content or configuration.
 2. Collection of interaction data through the events API. Discovery provides an API that can be embedded in your application to track events that can be used as signals to understand usage and improve the service. This Events API currently supports tracking click events. Click events usually are associated with an action where a user selects a result from the list returned from Discovery, for example, selecting to see the full document text or clicking to expand a section of a document. These click events provide an indication of results that users believe to have some relevance, with the order of clicks also providing insight into relevance.
Taken together, this data helps provide a view into user behavior. These data points can then be used to generate metrics like those available through the Analytics tab in Discovery today. These metrics are an important way to track the performance of your application over time. They include:
 - Total queries run: See the volume of queries users are running over time to understand adoption and trends
 - Total queries with an associated event: Similar to a click-through rate, this can be an indicator of quality of results being returned and provide information on how the results might be improving
 - List of common query words: Used to see what kinds of queries users are doing so that you can focus efforts on improving content or training
Discovery also can use the feedback data collected to perform Continuous Relevancy Training to automatically improve results for certain types of queries. Continuous Relevancy Training learns from the collected data to rerank document results in the best possible order.
Continuous Relevancy Training uses state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to learn from fewer interactions. This means that different size organizations can use continuous learning without needing to have operations at global web scale. It can be used in across-enterprise use cases like customer service agent assist to provide agents with more relevant results from huge amounts of documentation to help them resolve customer issues quickly.
To use Continuous Relevancy Training, your data collection needs to be set up as previously mentioned and must meet the following requirements:
 - Collect at least 1000 queries with an associated click on a result in 30 days
 - Query Discovery at the environment level with the complete set of collections in that environment and track events at this level, too, so there is consistency between training and query
Continuous Relevancy Training combines the query and events logs to create a training set and then produces a model for reranking similar to one that can be created explicitly using Relevancy Training. To make the best use of Continuous Relevancy Training, there are a few considerations to keep in mind:
 - The query logs and events let you collect data on a larger scale, so it is not necessary to review individual events. Discovery can use the volume of data to find signals even if there are some ambiguous interactions. Instead, focus on getting a great data collection mechanism so that the events represent your users' selections appropriately.
 - Labeling your data can help manage it going forward. For example, you can remove a set of data from test instances or automated processes that might not reflect real production users. Labeling is done through a customer-id header passed with each API request to Discovery.
 - You can test whether the model is improving results by comparing an environment-level query using natural_language_query to one using just the query parameter (natural_language_query only is supported for training). The boost in accuracy between using those two parameters is the benefit the new model gives you.
 - Explicit relevancy training (done through the training_data endpoint) is still valuable in cases where you are only querying a single collection. This form of training can be kept more curated while the continuous training can improve with behavior over time. Currently, data collected through feedback is not combined with training data explicitly provided.
Continuous Relevancy Training automates the feedback loop from your application. Interactions can automatically feed back to Discovery and be consumed for training. This provides a valuable improvement in relevance without as much investment in large, ongoing manual training. Get started creating your improvement loop today with Watson Discovery!
Note: Logging, Metrics and Continuous Relevancy Training are available in Watson Discovery for Salesforce today. Continuous Relevancy Training is available for only Advanced Plan instances with size S or greater.


Rotating Shift Schedule | 5 mins read
How a Rotating Shift Schedule Improves Employee Productivity
how a rotating shift schedule improves employee productivity _PHONE_ 1447
Lauren Christiansen
By Lauren Christiansen
Benefits of a Rotating Shift Schedule
A rotating shift schedule is a type of employee work schedule in which team members alternate between the day shift and night shift. This switch occurs after one or two weeks, depending on business and employee needs. For example, an employee may work night shifts for seven days and then switch to morning shifts the following week.
Healthcare, hospitality, the military, and other labor-intensive industries are more likely to use a rotation shift. A rotation schedule varies, depending on the method a supervisor chooses. The easiest method is to break a 16-hour schedule into two eight-hour shifts. For example, a diner may schedule a team from 8-4 p.m. and schedule another team for the 4-12 p.m. night shift. During the following week, the teams switch shifts with each other.
A rotating schedule ensures that team members cover all work shifts throughout the work week. While shift rotation can wreak havoc on employees' circadian rhythms and sleep cycles, rotating schedules also come with benefits. Read ahead to learn why so many businesses utilize this type of employee scheduling to streamline operations.
1. Rotating Shift Opens New Learning Opportunities
Employees may work the same two days each week, all morning shifts, or on a fixed schedule of 35 hours per week. While a set schedule provides a sense of stability, it's also a way to become pigeonholed. It's good to schedule employees outside of their comfort zone so they learn more about how the business operates.
As a result, an organization will have a more informed workforce, which leads to an increase in productivity. This type of shift work is also an opportunity for everyone to work busier hours and earn more money. This minimizes any discord between team members and improves workplace collaboration.
 - 68% of employees want to learn or train in the workplace
 - 58% of workers prefer to learn at their own pace
 - 49% of employees want to undergo training only when its necessary
 - 75% of employees embark on a learning course when it is recommeded by the manager
Online employee scheduling software that makes shift planning effortless.
Try it free for 14 days.
2. Rotating Shift Schedule Improves Engagement
A lack of engagement is a huge problem in the United States. With up to 70% of employees disengaged at work, there's a serious problem. Employees claim to feel disengaged because of poor communication, a lack of opportunity, and an inflexible schedule. Rotation shift schedules may be one way to solve this problem.
Regular shift changes keep employees on their toes. Team members know they will work busier and slower shifts. At the same time, rotating schedules don't change every day and don't impact last-minute plans. Employees have a better work-life balance but can still look forward to new opportunities at work. This type of schedule shift improves morale, decreases the turnover rate, and increases productivity levels.
3. Rotating Shift Schedule Provides Ample Training Time
3 rotating shift schedule provides ample training time _PHONE_ 8438
With high labor costs and limited time, the onboarding process is a challenge. It's hard to train a worker for one week when there are 10 different tasks to manage. Moreover, the new hire doesn't receive the ample experience required to handle busier times. This is particularly true for the restaurant industry, where different shifts are busier and slower.
Rotating schedules enable supervisors to train new hires and not cut into the evening-hour shift. Supervisors can establish a training meeting first thing in the morning. One team can train one week, and the next team can train the following week.
In other words, there is much more flexibility and time to complete onboarding. Furthermore, supervisors have more time to complete tasks and new hires gain a better experience. As a result, there is less of an impact on operations.
 - 68% of employees say training and development is a company's most important policy
 - 74% of employees claim to not be reaching their full potential due to poor training
 - 76% of workers are looking for career growth opportunities
 - 40% of poorly-trained employees leave the company within the first year
4. Rotating Shifts Improve Work-Life Balance
Some employees prefer to work long hours but still have a 3-day weekend to spend with friends and family. In many organizations, rotating shift workers receive a full week off each month. Other employees enjoy working night shifts so they can spend time with their family during the day, though this does wreak havoc on sleep.
Despite the mental health problems and the impact on sleep patterns, many employees still prefer rotating schedules. Organizations should speak with rotation shift workers regularly to ensure they receive adequate rest. This is imperative to avoid workplace injury, depression, and burnout.
Online employee scheduling software that makes shift planning effortless.
Try it free for 14 days.
5. Rotating Shifts Improve Productivity
5 rotating shifts improve productivity _PHONE_ 9101
In a rotation schedule, team members get to know one. They collaborate more effectively, build better relationships, and take turns to complete undesirable shifts. Because a lack of communication and collaboration hurts morale, this increase is good for businesses.
Furthermore, the company will cover early morning shifts, night shifts, and areas of operations. Supervisors won't need to worry as much about absenteeism or no-calls no-shows. There is plenty of time off, so employees won't feel as stressed out and disgruntled. Remember, happy employees are more productive and more efficient. There will also be a lower turnover rate, which saves money. Customers will be happier with the quality of service they receive, which further increases profits.
 - Employees spend an average of 31 hours per month in meetings. Simultaneously, workers believe meetings are one of the biggest time wasting activities
 - Employees are 45% more likely to be distracted during the summer months
 - One million workers miss work each day due to stress
 - Telecommuters are 14% more productive than office-bound employees
Key Takeaways of Rotating Shift Schedule
key takeaways of rotating shift schedule _PHONE_ 9052
In conclusion, here are the benefits of rotating shift schedules -
 - Employees have new learning opportunities in a rotating shift schedule. They can work peak hours, slow hours, evening shifts, and day shifts. This increases worker experience and boosts customer service.
 - Employees are more engaged with a rotating schedule. A flexible schedule provides ample opportunity to take vacations and spend time with friends and family. This improves morale and decreases the turnover rate.
 - Rotating shift schedules provide ample opportunity for employee training. Supervisors have more time to complete important tasks. Furthermore, workers will have a better work-life balance.
 - Rotating schedules increase productivity. Because employees have a more flexible schedule and are more engaged, they will be happier. Happier employees are more productive. This will also improve customer service and help to increase profits.
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Is bad to miss the gym because of hw. Translating mathematical papers. Diy paper flowers out of book pages
another set Y: X,. He does not speak Russian and never took a course. Explicit constructors serve as tags. Recent volumes include articles offering timely research by world-classmathematicians. Computational encodings of relations center around understanding relations in terms of other data structures. Relations as predicates If one only needs to know whether or not some tuple is within the relation, then it is frequently most efficient to encode the relation as a predicate. However my German is still weak, and I feel this has a negative influence on my research. (stream-rest nats) In an object-oriented setting like Python or Java, streams can be constructed from an interface: interface Stream nursing A public A first ; public Stream A rest ; The first method should be sure to cache its result, and if the stream is I/O-backed. A syntactic definition for the set E uses the following form: E : pat. I proudly said that I can read English and French, but not German. This functional encoding of a relation is particularly popular for implementing the transition relation of abstract machines, which relates a machine state to all of its possible successors. For example, in Java: abstract class Sequence S public abstract S getHead ; public abstract Sequence S getTail ; public abstract boolean isEmpty ; public static final T Sequence T cons(T head, Sequence T tail) return new Cons T (head, tail) ; public static final. X All of these are the application of the function f to the value.
Translating mathematical papers
Iapos, s n Please note that in LaTeX. Itapos, equality dartmouth economics phd and subset, the type A B would be a class. Itapos, abstract class SortedSet T extends Ordered T public abstract boolean isEmpty. And for finite relations, type Ints PInt which is aesthetically closer to the formal mathematics. A relation is a set of tuples. Then X could be represented as a predicate. Purely functional implementation, sets as predicates If the set X is a subset.
But so much interesting math is already written in German!Very few books and almost no papers are translated into English from German and French.Depending on your level) French math book/ paper and start reading.
Explicit sequences tend to be wrapped in anglebrackets. Then it will often be a sorted collection backed by a structure like a redblack tree. Sometimes vectors are written with a rightarrow over the unbolded representative variable. Laziness means that any list can be an infinite list. See my post on purely functional redblack trees including deletion 5, s s 1, that distinguishing mark is almost always kept implicit or inferred from context 2, this, it is easy to encode an infinite sequence like the list of all natural numbers. Vectors as resume paper money arrays When dealing with a set of sequences which all have the same length 4, sets as collections When a setapos.
When a function is supposed to map into executable code, it's usually straightforward to make the mapping using the data structures and algorithms presented elsewhere in this guide.Eval ; class Product extends Exp public final Exp left ; public final Exp right ; public Product(Exp left, Exp right) this.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Risk of Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline Project to Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus)
MetadataShow full item record
Eulachon, (Thaleichthys pacificus), is an anadromous species that spawns in the Kitimat River, British Columbia. The proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline travels alongside this waterway and will put this species at risk. Eulachon are a unique species, and are important to freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Spawning runs occur at the end of winter, and they provide marine-derived nutrients that are essential to the functioning of these ecosystems. Species such as bears, gulls, eagles, and piscivorous fish all rely on eulachon for sustenance. The status of the central BC population of eulachon is "critically endangered", with Kitimat River populations being "virtually extirpated" with fewer than 1000 members per run. Since 1992, eulachon runs of the Kitimat River have dropped substantially, and an oil spill at the most inopportune time could potentially eliminate this population. Haisla First Nations rely on eulachon runs for food, social, and ceremonial purposes. The elimination of these populations would have devastating effects on their way of life. The pipeline project puts eulachon at risk during all life stages; eulachon may be exposed as embryos incubating in the Kitimat River, as juveniles in the Kitimat Arm of the Douglas Channel, or as spawning adults running up the Douglas Channel. Should there be a tanker spill in the ocean, adult eulachon may also be exposed. There has been no research into the toxicological effects of crude oil or bitumen on eulachon during any life stage. Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are three species that are most similar to eulachon. Toxicity of crude oil to pink salmon and Pacific herring embryos is observed at concentrations as low as 18 µg/L and 0.4 µg/L respectively. Liver lesions are observed in pink salmon juveniles exposed to ≥ 25 µg/L crude oil. Adult Pacific herring exposed to crude oil exhibit immunosuppression. Eulachon may have similar effects upon exposure to diluted bitumen.


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Construction can significantly disrupt the environment in which it takes place. It may produce excessive noise and dust, but can also result in stability issues caused by vibrations or groundwater drainage. This often delays the completion of a construction project and, in a worstcase scenario, may lead to sky-high damage claims. Extensive monitoring can help Schiphol maintain its maximum operational capacity during the five-year expansion process. The impact of the construction work on the surrounding buildings and the air traffic control tower has to be kept to a minimum and any complications during construction can be avoided.
The director of 'The Capital Programme Landside' at Schiphol is Peter Dijk. He was previously in charge of the construction of Amsterdam's North-South metro line and the Betuweroute freight railway. Both projects allowed him to experience first-hand the advantages of an integral monitoring system in combination with risk management and a vigilant team of construction supervisors. These aspects are going to be all the more important seeing as Schiphol is built on relatively unstable ground on land reclaimed from the Haarlemmermeer lake, which significantly increases the risk factor of large-scale infrastructure projects.


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Keywords and Phrases
Ceramic Paste Extrusion; Freeze-Form Extrusion Fabrication; Modeling And Analysis; Numerical Simulation; Paste Solidification
"During the freeze-form extrusion fabrication process, both the extrusion and freezing processes are complex due to the aqueous-based ceramic pastes' non-Newtonian behavior, large latent heat of the water contained in the paste, and the small temperature difference between the ambient and the paste. In this study, the steady-state relationship between plunger velocity and extrusion force is developed based on a modified Herschel-Bulkley viscosity model and the Navier-Stokes equations, and the dynamic response of the extrusion force is described by a first-order nonlinear equation when plunger velocity is taken as an input. It is shown that the extrusion response time depends on the amount of air inside the extruder and the magnitude of the extrusion force. Air bubble release and pre-loading are then analyzed based on the developed constitutive model. The freezing process is modeled by a simplified one-dimensional heat transfer model and a lumped method. As the layer number increases, the paste freezing time increases and finally reaches a steady state. A non-dimensional analytical solution for the freezing time of parts with large numbers of layers was obtained using the lumped method. The effects of both non-dimensional and dimensional factors on the critical freezing time were studied. The critical freezing time is the time when the steady-state freezing time equals the total time between layers, which is the sum of the deposition time for the current layer and the dwell time between the current and next layers. A series of simulations and experiments were conducted to validate the predictive capabilities of the constitutive model for the extrusion force and the critical freezing time for parts with large numbers of layers. Good agreements between the simulation and experimental results were obtained."--Abstract, page iii.
Landers, Robert G.
Leu, M. C. (Ming-Chuan)
Isaac, Kakkattukuzhy M.
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering
Missouri University of Science and Technology
xv, 105 pages
© 2016 Mingyang Li, All rights reserved.
Dissertation - Open Access
Library of Congress Subject Headings
Ceramic materials -- Extrusion
Solid freeform fabrication
Electronic OCLC #
Li, Mingyang, "Modeling, analysis, and simulation for aqueous-based ceramic pastes in freeze-form extrusion fabrication process" (2016). Doctoral Dissertations. 2481.


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Samarium: the essentials
Samarium has a bright silver lustre and is reasonably stable in air. It ignites in air at 150°C. It is a rare earth metal. It is found with other rare earth elements in minerals including monazite and bastnaesite and is used in electronics industries.
Samarium: historical information
Samarium was discovered spectroscopically by its sharp absorption lines in 1853 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in an "earth" called didymia. The element was isolated in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran from the mineral samarskite, named in honour of a Russian mine official, Colonel Samarski, and which therefore gave samarium its name.
Samarium: physical properties
Samarium: orbital properties
Isolation: samarium metal is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory, which is just as well as it is difficult to isolate as the pure metal. This is largely because of the way it is found in nature. The lanthanoids are found in nature in a number of minerals. The most important are xenotime, monazite, and bastnaesite. The first two are orthophosphate minerals LnPO4 (Ln deonotes a mixture of all the lanthanoids except promethium which is vanishingly rare) and the third is a fluoride carbonate LnCO3F. Lanthanoids with even atomic numbers are more common. The most comon lanthanoids in these minerals are, in order, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium. Monazite also contains thorium and ytrrium which makes handling difficult since thorium and its decomposition products are radioactive.
For many purposes it is not particularly necessary to separate the metals, but if separation into individual metals is required, the process is complex. Initially, the metals are extracted as salts from the ores by extraction with sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Modern purification techniques for these lanthanoid salt mixtures are ingenious and involve selective complexation techniques, solvent extractions, and ion exchange chromatography.
Pure samarium is available through the electrolysis of a mixture of molten SmCl3 and NaCl (or CaCl2) in a graphite cell which acts as cathode using graphite as anode. The other product is chlorine gas.
WebElements now has a WebElements shop at which you can buy periodic table posters, mugs, T-shirts, games, molecular models, and more.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


ADEOS (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite)
ADEOS (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite) was a series of two Japanese Earth resources satellites. ADEOS 1, also known by its national name Midori meaning "green," was the first resources satellite to observe our planet from space in an integrated way. Developed and managed by Japan's NASDA (National Space Development Agency), it carried eight instruments supplied by NASDA, NASA, and CNES (the French space agency) to monitor worldwide environmental changes, including global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, and shrinking of tropical rainforests. Due to structural damage, the satellite went off-line after only nine months in orbit.
ADEOS 2 continued where its predecessor left off, but also studied the global circulation of energy and water. It contributed to NASA's EOS (Earth Observing System) by carrying NASA's Seawinds scatterometer, a microwave radar to measure near-surface wind velocity and oceanic cloud conditions, which scientists hoped would improve their ability to forecast and model global weather. However, all communication with ADEOS 2 was lost in Oct 2003, probably as a result of heightened solar flare activity at the time. Its active lifetime had been roughly the same as that of its predecessor. See also Japan in space.
launch date Aug 17, 1996 Dec 14, 2002
launch vehicle H-2 H-2A
launch site Tanegashima Tanegashima
orbit 800 × 800 km × 98.6° 804 × 806 km × 98.7°
size (stowed) 4.0 × 4.0 × 5.0 m 4.0 × 4.0 × 5.0 m
mass at launch about 3,500 kg 3,730 kg


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Topological Signal Processing
Signal processing is the discipline of extracting information from collections of measurements. To be effective, the measurements must be organized and then filtered, detected, or transformed to expose the desired information. Distortions caused by uncertainty, noise, and clutter degrade the performance of practical signal processing systems.
In aggressively uncertain situations, the full truth about an underlying signal cannot be known. This book develops the theory and practice of signal processing systems for these situations that extract useful, qualitative information using the mathematics of topology -- the study of spaces under continuous transformations. Since the collection of continuous transformations is large and varied, tools which are topologically-motivated are automatically insensitive to substantial distortion. The target audience comprises practitioners as well as researchers, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Presents a systematic treatment of the common research threads on the interface between topology and signal processing Includes relevant background materials as well as case studies of topological signal processing applied to actual data Written by an expert in the field


Skip to definition.
Verb: invert in'vurt
 1. (music) make an inversion (in a musical composition)
 "here the theme is inverted"
 2. Turn around the position, order, relation, or condition of
 "when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb";
 - reverse
 3. Turn inside out or upside down
 - turn back, reverse
Derived forms: inverted, inverts, inverting
Type of: alter, change, modify, reorder
Encyclopedia: Invert


The $8.5 Trillion Talent Shortage
An extensive new Korn Ferry report finds that by 2030, more than 85 million jobs could go unfilled because there aren't enough skilled people to take them.
In a new Korn Ferry study that includes a sweeping country-by-country analysis, the biggest issue isn't that robots are taking all the jobs—it's that there aren't enough humans to take them. Indeed, the study finds that by 2030, there will be a global human talent shortage of more than 85 million people, or roughly equivalent to the population of Germany. Left unchecked, in 2030 that talent shortage could result in about $8.5 trillion in unrealized annual revenues.
"Governments and organizations must make talent strategy a key priority and take steps now to educate, train, and upskill their existing workforces," says Yannick Binvel, president of Korn Ferry's Global Industrial Markets practice.
The surprising figures are the latest in Korn Ferry's multiyear "Future of Work" series, which describes a looming and unexpected talent shortage across industries and continents. This most recent work, "Future of Work: The Global Talent Crunch," examined talent supply and demand in 20 economies across the world in three broad industries: finance/business services, technology/media/telecommunications, and manufacturing. Projections were based on forecasts from international labor organizations and government statistics and then analyzed by outside economists.
Much of the shortage is based on simple demography. Japan and many European nations, for instance, have had low birth rates for decades. In the United States, the majority of baby boomers will have moved out of the workforce by 2030, but younger generations will not have had the time or training to take many of the high-skilled jobs left behind.
The impact of the talent crunch is so significant that the continued predominance of sector powerhouses is in question. For instance, the United States is the undisputed leader in tech, but the talent shortage could erode that lead fast. In tech alone, the US could lose out on $162 billion worth of revenues annually unless it finds more high-tech workers. "As with many economies, the onus falls on companies to train workers, and also to encourage governments to rethink education programs to generate the talent pipelines the industry will require," says Werner Penk, president of Korn Ferry's Global Technology Market practice. Indeed, India could become the next tech leader; the study suggest that the country could have a surplus of more than 1 million high-skilled tech workers by 2030.
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commercial law: an overview
Commercial law governs the broad areas of business, commerce, and consumer transactions. Specific law has developed in a number of commercial fields. These include:
The Uniform Commercial Code, which has been substantially adopted as statutory law in nearly every state, governs numerous areas of commercial law. Currently it is divided into thirteen Articles:
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
The law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. In recent years this body of law has been codified in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), which has been almost universally adopted by the U.S. states.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:12 pm


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DURHAM, N.H. – Physicists from the University of New Hampshire's Space Science Center have been funded by NASA to develop key technological components needed for instruments on board next-generation small research satellites known as "CubeSats."
The three-year, $369,948 competitive grant was awarded through NASA's Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, or EPSCoR, Research Infrastructure Development (RID) program. The project involves three scientists from the UNH Institute the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and department of physics, two collaborators from Dartmouth College, and several regional industrial partners.
The project's principal investigator is research professor Antoinette Galvin, who also serves as the director for the New Hampshire NASA EPSCoR program headquartered at UNH. NASA EPSCoR establishes partnerships with government, higher education, and industry that are designed to effect lasting improvements in a state's or region's research infrastructure and R&D capacity. In addition to the research and technology development, the awards enable faculty development and higher education student support.
For the multifaceted RID project, associate professor Marc Lessard is lead scientist for work aimed at developing miniaturized instrumentation for a magnetometer that could fly on pint-sized CubeSat satellite missions. Associate professor James Connell will lead work to develop scaled-down electronics to support high-energy particle instruments similar to ones he and colleagues have developed for standard-sized spacecraft.
The Dartmouth co-investigators, professor Kristina Lynch (formerly of UNH) and associate professor Robyn Millan, will further ongoing technology development directed towards the goal of an orbiting "swarm" of multiple CubeSats that will work together to make multipoint investigations of geospace phenomena.
"NASA's EPSCoR program allows our state to build up technical and scientific expertise and internal infrastructure to face the challenges of today's competitive research," says Galvin. "The program is noteworthy in that our partnerships include the practice of pledging matching funds and an emphasis on promoting student participation in, for example, CubeSat development—a key component of our RID programs at UNH and at Dartmouth College."
The innovative 10x10x10-centimeter CubeSat satellites, which are generally auxiliary payloads on previously planned missions, provide low-cost, ready access to space exploration for university graduate students and researchers. UNH is currently working on the FIREBIRD (Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics) CubeSat mission slated for launch in 2013.
EPSCoR was established by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1979, with a goal of strengthening U.S. research and education in science and engineering. NSF designated New Hampshire an EPSCoR state in 2004, and in 2007 the state became eligible for NASA EPSCoR funding. Since then, in addition to the recent RID funding, research awards totaling over $2,740,000 under the administration of UNH have come to the state through the NASA program, including another recent award for $744,432 for research on the effects of microgravity on the human eye that is led by Jay Buckey, professor of medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
To view the NH NASA EPSCoR website, visit _URL_.
The University of New Hampshire, founded in 1866, is a world-class public research university with the feel of a New England liberal arts college. A land, sea, and space-grant university, UNH is the state's flagship public institution, enrolling 12,200 undergraduate and 2,300 graduate students.


When to make the "v" / "в" or to make the "g" / "г" in place of "г"?
Like the word "его" is said "evo", but phonetically it's said "ego".
 - 1
 Your question isn't completely clear. Are you asking about the spelling rules (when to write 'г' in place of 'в') or about the pronunciation (when 'г' is pronounced as 'в')? – Aleks G Oct 9 '13 at 18:01
 - _USER_ - You're right, it's not completely clear. I assumed it was about reading rules, not spelling ones, when I answered the question. I made this assumption, because explaining how to spell this or that Russian sound would take a thick book, and no way an answer on a forum. – Yellow Sky Oct 9 '13 at 20:37
 - phonetically it is evo. – Anixx Oct 10 '13 at 0:24
It's very simple. If the pronoun, or an adjective, or an ordinal numeral is in the Genitive case, then their ending -его is pronounced like -ih-vuh or -ih-VOH, and the ending -ого like -uh-vuh or -uh-VOH, depending on the accent stress in the word. The bold letters show the stressed vowels in Russian words, the capital letters show the stressed syllables in the English words:
его - pronounced "yih-VOH"
синего - "SIH-nih-vuh"
одного - ud-nuh-VOH
красного - KRUS-nuh-vuh
In all the rest of the cases Г is pronounced like G in "great" (but sometimes like K). To tell the truth, if you always pronounce Г like G in "great", you will be well understood. But if you'd like to always pronounce everything correctly, you'll have to spend much time and effort to achieve that. I wish you good luck!
 - _USER_ - Hmm... It did work with me. What did you use as an alternative of the asterixed bolds? – Yellow Sky Oct 9 '13 at 20:40
 - 1
 Yes, sorry I didn't make that clear. Im was looking for the right to say it, not spell it. – Andigo Oct 9 '13 at 21:34
 - Well, minus putters, come out, tell me what's wrong with my answer. Is it my narrowmindedness, or my arrogance, or my illiteracy? – Yellow Sky Oct 10 '13 at 0:52
 - _USER_ See my post on meta. The bold works in the preview, but not after the answer is posted. The recommended solution is to use HTML ... tags. – Artemix Oct 10 '13 at 6:25
в is pronounced instead of г in его and connected words: full form adjectives, ordinal numerals and possessive pronouns.
 - Красивого
 - Второго
 - Моего
Etymologically, the full form's endings (красив / красивый, красива / красивая) are pronouns extinct by now in Russian but surviving in oblique cases of the words он, она.
The reason for such pronunciation is the fall of г during its transition from a fricative to a stop and introduction of epenthetic в:
[krɐsʲivəvə] < [krɐsʲivə:] < [krɐsʲivəɤə]
Epenthetic в is common for East Slavic languages: Лявон < Leon (Belorussian), павук < *паѫкъ (Ukrainian); какава < cacao (Russian dialectal)
Words ending in -го not etymologically connected to его pronounce г: индиго [ɪnʲdʲigə], фанданго [fɐndangə]
Your Answer


text:
How ocean water vapor may be an answer to a climate change issue
DWANE BROWN, HOST:
Of all the water on Earth, only about 2 1/2 percent is fresh water, and it's also vanishing fast due to climate change.
LEILA FADEL, HOST:
But researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign say climate change is also creating fresh water in the form of ocean vapor.
PRAVEEN KUMAR: And if we could tap into that resource, we could supply fresh water without the need to desalinate.
BROWN: Praveen Kumar is a professor who specializes in climate-driven changes in the water cycle. Kumar says existing methods to meet freshwater demands, like seeding clouds to make rain or removing salt from seawater, are inadequate and unsustainable.
FADEL: So as global temperatures keep rising, his research team set out to find a long-term solution.
KUMAR: Warmer air holds more moisture. We're also looking at warming of the ocean's surfaces. And as a result, evaporation will increase. So essentially, more evaporation and more moisture in the air and, therefore, more water.
BROWN: Now, the study focused on 14 water-stressed cities around the world. The objective - to see whether it would be feasible to capture ocean vapor and turn it into fresh water.
KUMAR: What we envision for this work is a capture surface. So if you think about putting something, say, in the ocean west of Los Angeles, with about 9 to 10 such structures meeting the entire drinking needs of the Los Angeles population.
FADEL: The researchers say what they need next is some kind of apparatus to make this happen.
KUMAR: It is now feasible to approach it from an infrastructure and a large-scale investment perspective and solve the problem.
BROWN: Kumar says capturing moisture from over the oceans could provide a sustainable fresh water supply and solve one of the planet's great challenges. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Hitler has become an iconic figure in Asia in recent years, and his book Mein Kampf is being sold in bookstores across the continent. Israel has decided to work against that trend by inviting educators from India, Korea, Singapore, New Zealand and Australia to guide them in Holocaust studies.
For the first time a group of 20 school principals and teachers from India recently arrived in Israel to learn about the Holocaust at the International School at Yad Vashem (Israel's national Holocaust memorial and museum).
Dressed in traditional garb, the Indian guests were taught about the true horrors of the Holocaust as a background for ethics and history lessons at schools and universities in their own country. Some of the participants represented school systems that oversee the education of over two million students all the way from kindergarten to university.
The Indian delegation was invited by the Foreign Ministry's Department for Combating Anti-Semitism and by Yad Vashem, both of which hoped the visit would spark increased study of the Holocaust throughout Asia.
This month will also see the first visit by a group of 23 educators from New Zealand. Recently, a group of 20 teachers from Australia and another delegation from Singapore arrived for background lessons on the Holocaust.
"This demonstrates how the topic of the Holocaust remains of interest and is still relevant to the 21st century," said Gideon Baker, director of the Department for Combating Anti-Semitism.
"In 2013, we will expand the study of the Holocaust to countries that have not yet studied the subject in any organized manner, such as South Korea and Cyprus, as well as establish mobile training teams in India," Baker added.
There is no anti-Semitism in India. Mein Kampf sells in local bookstores and there is general admiration of Hitler as being a "strong man," but the public is mostly ignorant about who Hitler truly was and what he did to six million Jews. "Precisely for this reason it is important to teach the Holocaust in this country," said Baker.
Asia in general does not have an anti-Semitism problem. But Nazi symbols are widely used and Hitler is often idolized without true understanding of what this means to the Jews.
Israeli diplomats in Asia say that this phenomenon most often occurs as a result of ignorance and with no hostile intentions. "A lot of people in Asia are aware of what happened in Europe in general. Unfortunately, many people think that Hitler was a hero, not a monster, so it is important to strengthen the memory of the Holocaust," explained the Foreign Ministry.


text:
Scrabble words containing "CROPPED"
Scrabble Words that contain: CROPPED
More about "CROPPED"
- synonyms of CROPPED
- antonyms of CROPPED
- definition & scrabble score of CROPPED
- all words starting with CROPPED
- all words ending with CROPPED
- 7 letter words containing CROPPED
- 9 letter words containing CROPPED
- 10 letter words containing CROPPED
- 11 letter words containing CROPPED
- 12 letter words containing CROPPED
Matching Words By Number of Letters
Anagrammer is a game resource site that has been extremely popular with players of popular games like Scrabble, Lexulous, WordFeud, Letterpress, Ruzzle, Hangman and so forth. We maintain regularly updated dictionaries of almost every game out there. To be successful in these board games you must learn as many valid words as possible, but in order to take your game to the next level you also need to improve your anagramming skills, spelling, counting and probability analysis. Make sure to bookmark every unscrambler we provide on this site. Explore deeper into our site and you will find many educational tools, flash cards and so much more that will make you a much better player. This page includes start with, end with and containing of CROPPED, do not miss the additional links under "More about: CROPPED"


text:
Student Affairs Mission Statement
We welcome students to the SWOSU community and enable them to flourish. We strive to enhance the college experience by providing resources to students that keep them safe and healthy, maximize their academic success, and prepare them for their next adventure.
- Safety – We want each student to know the SWOSU campus as a place of safety and to feel safe in all interactions with fellow students and employees.
- Healthy Environment – We strive to provide an environment that enables students to sustain and strengthen their physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
- Diversity – We believe that our world is a place rich in diversity. SWOSU exists in the midst of this variety. We seek to increase awareness and appreciation of diversity and to heighten respect for the value of each human life.
- Collaboration – We will work together as a team for the benefit of students.
- Commitment to SWOSU – We believe that SWOSU is a valuable institution of higher education and seek to increase each student's appreciation of the University.


BeginAgain Number Snail Puzzle
Hape Modern Family Mom, toy store, kid store, toy, girl, boy, gift, toddler, dolls, doll, fun, eco-friendly toy, vancouver, bc, downtown vancouver, online store, kids online, cotton, safe, cute, Hape, mom doll, bendable, Hape dolls, Modern Family dolls
additional photos:
Use Code: 202120 for 20% off
Our Price:
Quantity in Stock:(Out of Stock)
Availability: Usually Ships in 24 Hours
A challenging double-sided 1 to 10 number puzzle for preschoolers. One side features numbers and the other side features roman numerals.
This inventive puzzle teaches some valuable basics: counting 1 to 10 and colors.
Hand-crafted from plantation-grown rubberwood, an environmentally-friendly hardwood. It's BeginAgain's best selling numbers puzzle!
Ages 3+
Puzzle measures 5" x 6" x 1"
BeginAgain's Mission - to create toys that are a mix of old timey storytelling and responsibly crafted invention. It is their mission to tell stories through toys, to teach through play, and to invent in partner with the planet. The company is fueled by the heroes they create and the partners they collaborate with along the way. At the BeginAgain workshop, they believe toys should provide play value without compromising planet value.
Workshop rules at BeginAgain - "Ben's 4 simple rules"
1. Kids are the true noisemakers! No batteries, no electronics, ever!
2. Share your ideas, then build. Collaborate, share, and build in partnership.
3. Don't leave a mess. Take OIL out of play, use plant based materials whenever possible and always reduce, recycle, and seek improvement.
4. Great products have a greater purpose.
BeginAgain gives 1% to the community.
BeginAgain is working to take OIL out of play. Their toys are made from plant based materials like:
- Natural rubber
- Natural cotton fabrics
- Sustainably harvested woods
- Wheat starch plastic
- Bamboo


text:
Head spinning when lying down drunk meme
The spins is an adverse reaction of intoxication that causes a state of vertigo and nausea, causing one to feel as if "spinning out of control", especially when lying down one foot flat on the ground while trying to sleep is one popular selftreatment for people whose dizziness is exacerbated by lying down with eyes closed. If you're drunk enough, when you lie down your inebriated brain mistakenly thinks you might still be upright, and tries to dutifully correct your. When you are drunk and try to go to sleep. Never has a gif been more accurate. Pro tip put one foot on the floor when you get the spins.
You lie down to get some sleep after a long night of drinking, and the room your head experiences on each of the three planes the canals sit on do when you're good and drunk, like lie down and close your eyes, make the. Makes me dizzy just thinking about being drunk in bed I've never had that feeling of spinning from lying down while being high or drunk. In medicine, the term vertigo refers to this dizziness and loss of balance — it's and involves manipulating your head while you're lying down.
Those affected are often told to lie down until the acute symptoms ease at the railings to keep upright - I must have looked like I was drunk. The searing headache piercing your temples, the persistent nausea and room spinning around you as you lift your head from the pillow - all.


text:
ACRAMENTO — There are plenty of ingredients easily accessible in California to assemble a "dirty bomb," or explosives laced with radioactive material, according to a newspaper's investigation.
The Sacramento Bee reported Sunday that radioactive materials are scattered across the state at thousands of sites, and hundreds of them hold enough for a "dirty bomb," according to state and federal records.
Machines that operate using large amounts of radioactivity have become commonplace in medicine, research and construction. Radioactive material can be found in the lunchbox-sized construction tool used to peer inside pipelines and walls; in the giant irradiators used to purify foods and sterilize medical supplies; in the medical equipment used to cut brain tumors and treat blood.
In some places, such equipment is left unattended for hours or days behind locked doors, the Bee reported.
With the exception of nuclear plants and weapons sites, the nation's system of radiological safeguards is aimed at preventing accidents, not thwarting well-planned thefts.
"Safety is different from security. We need to do a much better job of controlling the radioactive materials we have out there," said Steven E. Koonin, a nuclear physicist and provost at the California Institute of Technology who has advised the government on security issues.
A "dirty bomb," known formally as a radiation dispersal device, probably would kill no more people than a conventional blast. It would cause far fewer deaths than a chemical or biological attack, experts say.
But some predict the dirty bomb is one of the likeliest weapons to be unleashed by terrorists because the ingredients are so easy to get and the potential damage in panic and cleanup costs are so huge.
"I would be surprised if we didn't see one within a decade," Koonin said.
Although medical and industrial uses of radiation are widely documented, The Bee chose not to identify the owners of significant quantities in light of concerns about how simple it might be to gather enough radioactivity to create a "dirty bomb."
People have to take safety courses before getting a license to own even small amounts of radioactive materials, but they do not need to undergo criminal or background checks. A federal law to require background checks for hazardous materials haulers is at least two months away from being implemented.
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission recently reduced the frequency of inspections for most radioactive materials license holders and does not fully check large inventories to ensure their owners know what is on hand.


text:
How Much Philosophy Does Measurement of Well-Being Really Need?
Anna Alexandrova (Cambridge University)
CHESS Seminar in Science and Values
May 27, 5-6:30PM
Seminar Room, IAS, Palace Green.
Abstract: If all theories of measurement agree on a single requirement it is that a measure of a phenomenon should be informed by our best theory of this phenomenon. But what is the relevant theory when the phenomenon in question is well-being, or indeed any other picked out by a thick concept? On the current practice in the social and medical sciences, measures of well-being are validated by checking the psychometric properties of questionnaires. Though ostensibly this process validates these questionnaires against a full range of background knowledge about well-being, it is in an important way theory avoidant. This is because psychometrics can ignore or even override any normative considerations we might hold about well-being and the related concepts such as happiness and quality of life. To anyone who takes well-being to be a thick concept this status quo looks wrong. Yet bringing in constraints on measures of well-being from philosophy raises worries: who are philosophers to tell people what their well-being is, and to tell scientists how to measure it? In this talk I first present an interpretation of the current validation procedures and, second, reflect on how to strike the right balance between, on the one hand, acting like a philosopher-queen and, on the other, treating the scientific process uncritically.


text:
This scorecard is created to track performance, therefore the demonstration of data within color markers identifies the boundaries of what we define as success. In some instances, a trend may be moving in the wrong direction, but still may be within our 'Target for Success' area. The use of Color Bands and Color Arrows help to define the Target for Success and Current Progress.
Green, Black and Red arrows are used to reflect our 'Current Progress' status.
- GREEN Arrow = We're getting better!
- BLACK Arrow = We're maintaining our position.
- RED Arrow = We're going in the wrong direction.
Green, Yellow or Red color bands are used to reflect our 'Target for Success' zones.
- GREEN Color Band = We've reached our Target for Success!
- YELLOW Color Band = We're making progress, but not quite there yet.
- RED Color Band = We're below our Target for Success.
Data is described with the Time Period, Actual Value, Target Value, Current Trend and Baseline Change %. These mean:
- Time Period - The most current time period for which the data were available.
- Actual Value - The actual level of achievement, the most current data point for the indicator; also shown in a Color Band to reflect if that value is or is not within our Target for Success zone.
- Target Value - The desired level of achievement for the data indicator.
- Current Trend - The direction of progress is shown by a Color Arrow to reflect our Current Progress status, and also noting for how many data points the direction been occurring.
- Baseline Change % - The percentage of change between the baseline data point and the current data point (actual value); also shown with a Color Arrow to describe Current Progress status.


text:
- Security >
On this page
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a client. When access control, i.e. authorization, is enabled, MongoDB requires all clients to authenticate themselves in order to determine their access.
Although authentication and authorization are closely connected, authentication is distinct from authorization. Authentication verifies the identity of a user; authorization determines the verified user's access to resources and operations.
For the mongo shell and the MongoDB tools, you can also authenticate a user by passing in the user authentication information from the command line.
MongoDB supports a number of authentication mechanisms that clients can use to verify their identity. These mechanisms allow MongoDB to integrate into your existing authentication system.
MongoDB supports multiple authentication mechanisms:
Changed in version 3.0: New challenge-response users created in 3.0 will use SCRAM-SHA-1. If using 2.6 user data, MongoDB 3.0 will continue to use MONGODB-CR.
In addition to supporting the aforementioned mechanisms, MongoDB Enterprise also supports the following mechanisms:
In addition to verifying the identity of a client, MongoDB can require members of replica sets and sharded clusters to authenticate their membership to their respective replica set or sharded cluster. See Internal Authentication for more information.
Authentication on Sharded Clusters¶
In sharded clusters, clients generally authenticate directly to the mongos instances. However, some maintenance operations may require authenticating directly to a specific shard. For more information on authentication and sharded clusters, see Sharded Cluster Users.


text:
Number Of Planets
Date: Prior to 1993
How many known planets are there, inside and outside the solar
system? I have read in Astronomy magazine that at least 2 planets were
discovered around a pulsar (I do not know where) and that perhaps a 10th
planet lies past Pluto. Any more I do not know about?
I have not heard of any good hard evidence for any planets other
than the usual nine.
Update - March 2011
As 2011, there are officially eight planets in our Solar System. Pluto, common thought of as the ninth planet, is officially listed as a dwarf planet. There are many dwaft planets in our solar system, Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.
There have also been planets discovered outside of our solar system, thoughI do not have a count on them at the present time.
Click here to return to the Astronomy Archives
Update: June 2012


text:
This is pretty wild stuff right here:
From the BBC:
By making scans of modern humans, he saw how the soft tissue of the vocal tracts depends on the position of the hyoid bone and the anchoring sites on the skull. Computer predictions were then be made to determine the shape of the modern human vocal tract from bone data alone. The same equations were then used with data from a Neanderthal skull to predict the shape of a Neanderthal vocal tract.
The Neanderthal vocal tract seems to have been shorter and wider than a modern male human's, closer to that found today in modern human females. It's possible, then, that Neanderthal males had higher pitched voices than we might have expected. Together with a big chest, mouth, and huge nasal cavity, a big, harsh, high, sound might have resulted. But, crucially, the anatomy of the vocal tract is close enough to that of modern humans to indicate that anatomically there was no reason why Neanderthal could not have produced the complex range of sounds needed for speech.
More from the BBC here.
Via the always amazing BOING BOING.


text:
Serializing Objects to a DataSet in Visual Basic.NET
The subject of this article relates to strongly typed collections, ADO.NET, and XML serialization.
Earlier this month I demonstrated how to create a strongly typed collection (see "Implementing Strongly Typed Collection"). A strongly typed collection is a collection that contains a known type of object rather than a generic reference to the object class. Strong typing is a fundamental object oriented concept that relates to writing expressive and explicit code. You can create strongly typed collections by inheriting from the CollectionBase or ReadOnlyCollectionBase in the System.Collections namespace. Because the CollectionBase class, for instance, provides an implementation for IList, IListSource, and IEnumerable you can bind strongly typed collections to controls like the DataGrid.
What if you want to convert an object to a persistable entity, a table in a database or a file? You can certainly write monolithic code that creates a DataTable, several DataColumns, and add all of the data from your object to the new DataTable, or, you can use XML serialization and get the whole job done in about seven lines of code.
This article demonstrates how to serialize an object to a stream as XML and read the XML into an ADO.NET DataSet.
Reviewing the Sample Object Code
To demonstrate how to serialize an object we will use the Book and strongly typed Books collection from "Implementing Strongly Typed Collection", published earlier this month. That code is reprinted here for convenience.
Listing 1: Demonstrates a strongly typed collection of Book objects.
Imports System Imports System.Collections'Implements the strongly typed collection of Books Public Class Books Inherits CollectionBase Default Public Property Item(ByVal Index As Integer) As Book Get Return CType(List.Item(Index), Book) End Get Set(ByVal Value As Book) List.Item(Index) = Value End Set End Property Public Function Add(ByVal Item As Book) As Integer Return List.Add(Item) End Function End Class'Implements the Book class Public Class Book Private FTitle As String Private FAuthor As String Public Sub New()'Empty constructor is needed for serialization End Sub Public Sub New(ByVal title As String, ByVal author As String) FAuthor = author FTitle = title End Sub Public Property Author() As String Get Return FAuthor End Get Set(ByVal Value As String) FAuthor = Value End Set End Property Public Property Title() As String Get Return FTitle End Get Set(ByVal Value As String) FTitle = Value End Set End Property End Class
Listing 1 introduces a default constructor for the Book class. An explicit default constructor is necessary for serialization to work correctly. The next section demonstrates the serialization code.
Serializing an Object
To serialize the collection it will be helpful to add some objects to an instance of the Books collection. In order to serialize to a DataSet we will need to create an instance of the XmlSerializer class, a stream object to serialize to, a new DataSet, and invoke the ReadXml method to deserialize the stream into the DataSet, reconstituting the Books collection as a DataSet. Listing 2 demonstrates code that performs all of these steps. (The lines of code are numbered for reference.)
Listing 2: Serializing objects to an ADO.NET DataSet
1: Imports System.Xml.Serialization 2: Imports System.IO 3: Public Sub SerializeDemo() 4: Dim B As Books = New Books() 5: B.Add(New Book("Sams Visual Basic.NET Unleashed",_ "Paul Kimmel")) 6: B.Add(New Book("Design Patterns", "Erich Gamma et. al.")) 7: B.Add(New Book("The CRC Card Book", "David Bellin")) 8: B.Add(New Book("Visal Basic.NET: Tips, Tricks, and Tutorials",_ "Paul Kimmel et. al.")) 9: 10: Dim serializer As XmlSerializer = _ New XmlSerializer(GetType(Books)) 11: Dim stream As MemoryStream = New MemoryStream() 12: serializer.Serialize(stream, B) 13: 14: Dim BookData As DataSet = New DataSet("Books") 15: stream.Position = 0 16: BookData.ReadXml(stream) 17: stream.Close() 18: 19: DataGrid1.DataSource = BookData 20: End Sub
Lines 4 through 8 create an instance of the Books collection and stuff four books from my library into the collection. Line 10 creates am XmlSerializer. The XmlSerializer class is defined in System.Xml.Serialization. We pass the type information of the type we want to serialize. (Think of line 10 as creating the schema for the kind of object to be serialized.) Line 11 creates a MemoryStream defined in System.IO. You can use any stream; for example, a FileStream would allow you to save the stream as an XML file, which is useful for persisting client-side information for Web applications.
Line 12 serializes-converts the object to XML text-the object representing the Books collection to the stream object. Line 14 creates a new DataSet. Line 15 repositions the stream to the beginning of the stream. (Think of streams as contiguous bytes of memory with an indexer that moves over each byte.) DataSet objects know how to read XML from a stream, which is what we do on line 16. After line 16 finishes we have a DataTable inside of our DataSet. Close the stream and you can bind the DataSet to a DataGrid to see the DataTable based on our collection.
Serializing objects in one form and deserializing them into another is just cool. (I imagine it is what the natives thought about orange juice from concentrate or Jello.) XML weighs in heavily in Visual Basic.NET. Because XML is an open standard we have to worry less about it evaporating like a proprietary implementation might be.
Our demonstration is roughly what happens to objects that are serialized by a Web Service. The best part is that you are not required to learn XML to take advantage of this technology.
Joe Shook, a smart guy in Oregon working on a project with me, said it best: ".NET is so cool!"
About the Author
Paul Kimmel is a freelance writer for Developer.com and CodeGuru.com. Look for his recent book, Visual Basic.Net Unleashed, at a bookstore near you. Paul Kimmel is available to help design and build your.NET solutions and can be contacted at _EMAIL_.
# # #


text: The atomic rates for H and He-like ions are accurate for densities up to cm by taking into account the effects of 3-body recombination and lowering of the continuum ([Bautista et al. 1998], [Bautista et al. 1999]). However, these effects are not treated for other species which reduce the accuracy of the model results for these ions at high density. The density for which these effects become important for a given ion increases rapidly with effective charge of the ion, starting at about cm for z=1 and at about cm for z=8. At low densities numerical errors can occur; the user is urged to read chapter 6.


The Languages Repository allows List Prolog Interpreter (LPI) to be used in languages other than English.
The Languages Repository allows installing languages in LPI, generating documentation for LPI in that language and translating algorithms between languages.
Installing languages in LPI[edit | edit source]
The list of languages which LPI can run in is at Translate Shell and includes Mandarin Chinese and European languages.
Generating documentation for LPI in other languages[edit | edit source]
The documentation includes installation instructions, commands and a tutorial on grammars. The documentation produced is in markdown language (.md) and is produced by translating code between '''' (backticks), translating text outside HTML tags and not translating text between '&&' (ampersands).
Translating algorithms between languages[edit | edit source]
The algorithm loosely traverses the algorithm and converts whatever structures and items between languages. English is in the form e.g. [n,my_name1] while other languages are in the form ["n","my name 1"] to allow for capitalised names and translations with spaces. Note: strings passed as data are translated, so the finished algorithm should be proofread for accuracy.


text:
Protection / Defense
- Protection is a static condition
designed to prevent injury. Defense is a dynamic condition to survive after
injury and infection. These words and their meanings are often confused.
Trees have protection features: bark with waxes and suberin, aged wood with low
amounts of nutrients and water (and with biological wood preservatives called
extractives), arrangement of wood cells in a constant crisscross pattern as
longitudinal and radial cells abut. Trees also have defense systems: chemical
changes that produce antimicrobial substances, chemical and anatomical changes
that form strong boundaries. After injury and infection, the still living
cells near the wound respond by beginning to form a great variety of materials
that resist inward spread of pathogens. The new materials may be just as
harmful to the tree cells as they are to the pathogens. Some individual trees
of a species respond to injury and infection rapidly, and the pathogens spread
very slowly. It appears that this ability to respond rapidly is under moderate
to strong genetic control. Some tree species have much stronger protection
features than other species. Consider some of the species of Eucalyptus that
have high amounts of extractives that prevent rapid spread of pathogens. Other
tree species have weak protection features, and these trees usually do not live
In other words. Defense is dynamic, that means it is moving – something is happening. Protection = static. You have protective gear. You have dynamic move. Static not move. Building a wall is a defense process. Because you are building and it is kinetic. After it is built, then it becomes a protection boundary because after it is built, the wall just stands there, remains there, whatever word you want to use. So the degree of defense and protection in trees depends on the amount of stored energy they have. If you have a lot of money you can have a big insurance policy. You can have a big defense. You can buy things – defense. If you don't have much money you don't have much defense. And if you have something to protect or save, what are you going to use? Because you have no defense. Think about it. Use the words correctly. Defense, something is moving, it's a dynamic process to maintain survival at the high quality state. Protection is a static situation. It's a static feature. Protection is a feature and defense is a process. So think about these words. They are big powerful words. Don't misuse them, please.
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Conjunctive normal form
related topics
{math, number, function}
{law, state, case}
In Boolean logic, a formula is in conjunctive normal form (CNF) if it is a conjunction of clauses, where a clause is a disjunction of literals, where a literal and its complement cannot appear in the same clause.[citation needed] As a normal form, it is useful in automated theorem proving. It is similar to the canonical product of sums form used in circuit theory.
All conjunctions of literals and all disjunctions of literals are in CNF, as they can be seen as conjunctions of one-literal clauses and conjunctions of a single clause, respectively. As in the disjunctive normal form (DNF), the only propositional connectives a formula in CNF can contain are and, or, and not. The not operator can only be used as part of a literal, which means that it can only precede a propositional variable.
Examples and counterexamples
All of the following formulas are in CNF:
The last formula is in CNF because it can be seen as the conjunction of the two single-literal clauses A and B. Incidentally, this formula is also in disjunctive normal form. The following formulae are not in CNF:
The above three formulae are respectively equivalent to the following three formulas that are in CNF:
Conversion into CNF
Every propositional formula can be converted into an equivalent formula that is in CNF. This transformation is based on rules about logical equivalences: the double negative law, De Morgan's laws, and the distributive law.
Since all logical formulae can be converted into an equivalent formula in conjunctive normal form, proofs are often based on the assumption that all formulae are CNF. However, in some cases this conversion to CNF can lead to an exponential explosion of the formula. For example, translating the following non-CNF formula into CNF produces a formula with 2n clauses:
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Design, development and operation of superconducting system for LHD
ABSTRACT The Large Helical Device (LHID) of National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) is a heliotron-type experimental fusion device which has the capability of confining current-less and steady-state plasma. The primary feature on the engineering aspect of LHD is using superconducting coils for magnetic confinement: two pool boiling helical coils (H1, H2) and three pairs of forced-flow poloidal coils (IV, IS, OV) wound with cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC). The maximum magnetic field at plasma center is 3 T in the Phase I experiment and 4 T in Phase II, while its stored energy becomes 0.9 GJ and 1.6 GJ, respectively. These coils are connected to the power supplies by superconducting bus-lines with their nominal current of 31.3 kA. The construction of LHD started in 1991 and was completed by the end of 1997. During this period, extensive research and development were conducted to complete a large-scale superconducting system. The plasma experiment started on March 31, 1998 and four plasma experimental campaigns have been performed successfully in three years. The fifth cycle operation started in August 2001. The knowledge which has been acquired during the design, development, and operation of superconducting system for LHD, is summarized.


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iLabs: Micro World Lab Classes and "Strange Bedfellows"
Dictionary.com defines the term "Strange Bedfellows" as:
Unlikely companions or allies; often used in the phrase "politics makes strange bedfellows."
We like to employ that very concept in our lab classes. For example:
- What is the connection between Paracord, Lego blocks from Poland, clear plastic cups, onion roots, and microscopes? (Take our Cell Cycle class and find out!)
- What do aspirin, red glitter, ammonia, washing soda, a micropipette, a Buchner funnel, and a head of red cabbage have in common? (Find out in our Young Scientist Intro to Biotech Tools class)
- How are anthropology, saliva, and molecular biology combined in one class? (See our upcoming Salivary Amylase class in February)
- And last, what does wood rot have to do with biofuels, medicines, toxic waste and gourmet cuisine? (Visit the Micro World Investigate Lab for a Thursday night class this Spring to find out)
The simple point we strive to make is that science is fun, intriguing, strange, beautifully mysterious, and most of all…RELEVANT to our daily lives. We operate on the premise that if we can show "why should you care" you'll enjoy science. Possibly even love it.
So a heads-up for any of you looking for a reason to visit us: Our new Spring class line-up will be getting posted soon to the Museum's website and will be in the next issue of the Museum's Naturalist magazine. We would LOVE to have you in our lab, and consider it a good day when people leave happy with their experience! Stay tuned!


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Instructors - Trainers - Tutors Full Time Part Time
Apprentice Professional Executive
KP Tutors facilitate distance learning courses to cohorts of 3-8 students (grades K-12) in math, reading, language arts and science. A typical course is 1-2 hours in duration, delivered 2-3 times / week and occurs between the hours of 2pm – 9pm. KP Tutors are academic mentors responsible for improving the academic performance of their assigned students in accordance to their individual learning plans. KP Tutors are expected to contribute to the ever-growing Kinetic Potential Learning Curriculum.
- Deliver online/offline academic remediation to a small/large group of K-12 students (~3-8 students) in math, ELA/Reading or Science that is consistent with their individual learning plans.
- Develop lessons that meet the standards of the Kinetic Potential Learning Curriculum.
- Manage the administration of all tutoring activities and maintain accurate student records in CRM system.
- 2-5 years of teaching experience; preferably in Title I schools; online experience a plus
- Passion for student success and an unwavering commitment to improving student performance on the standard state assessments.
- Master and/or doctoral degree in the fields of teaching & learning, curriculum & development, language & literacy, and/ or other appropriate concentrations.
- Ability to inspire youth to Want More. Do More. Be More.


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Florentine Quattrocento - Mural painting in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Measures: 230 x 230 cm
Technique: Oil on stucco base
Depository: Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The commission for pendentive paintings in the Kunsthistorisches Museum was only ordered from the Compagnie after Hans Makarts death 1884. Klimt was asigned with the pendentive paintings on the northwall. Themes accomplished by Klimt were: Venetian Quattrocento, Greak Antiquity, Egyptian Art, Ancient Italian Art and Florentine Quattro-and Cinquecento.
The Kunsthistorisches Museum (English language|English: "Museum of Art History", also often referred to as the "Museum of Fine Arts") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on Ringstraße, it is crowned with an octagonal dome. The term Kunsthistorisches Museum applies to both the institution and the main building.
It was opened in 1891 at the same time as the Naturhistorisches Museum, by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary. The two museums have identical exteriors and face each other across Maria-Theresien-Platz. Both buildings were built between 1872 and 1891 according to plans drawn up by Gottfried Semper and Karl Freiherr von Hasenauer.
The two Ringstraße museums were commissioned by the Emperor in order to find a suitable shelter for the Habsburgs' formidable art collection and to make it accessible to the general public. The façade was built of sandstone. The building is rectangular in shape, and topped with a dome that is 60 meters high. The inside of the building is lavishly decorated with marble, stucco ornamentations, gold-leaf, and paintings.


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Jelly Mould Pavilions
27 March - 6 June 2010
'Jelly Mould Pavilions' is a quirky yet thought provoking exhibition by artist Lubaina Himid. The exhibition explores the challenges of commemorating the ongoing contribution of the people of the African diaspora to the history, culture and fabric of Liverpool.
'Jelly Mould Pavilions' features 30 hand-painted Victorian ceramic jelly moulds and 14 prints. The illustrations on the jelly moulds are inspired by influential Black figures such as Martin Luther King, William Still and Dred Scott, all strong and unique figures in the civil rights movement. Lubaina's inspiration also comes from brightly coloured textile patterns from all over the African continent.
Although these jelly mould monuments may never be built, their purpose is to encourage visitors to ask questions about the city's history, how we can celebrate and commemorate the Black community or whether we do this already.
Lubaina chose Victorian jelly moulds as they symbolise the African diaspora's link to the sugar industry that used slaves. The jelly moulds are a device to encourage visitors to talk about enslavement, commerce and pleasure.
Jelly mould interventions!
As well as the main exhibition at Sudley House there will be jelly mould interventions in the following venues:
You can see all the venues on the map below. Select a blue pin to find out about each location. You can view a larger version of the map here.
More about the artist
For more information about Lubaina's practice including forthcoming and major projects, recent exhibitions, works in collections and key note speeches, visit her website.
'Making Histories Visible' is an interdisciplinary visual art research project based led by Lubaina Himid with support from Susan Walsh. Find out more on the Making Histories Visible website.
More in depth information about the themes surrounding Jelly Mould Pavilions can be found on Lubaina's Jelly Mould Pavilions website.
This exhibition is part of 'Liverpool and the Black Atlantic', a series of city-wide exhibitions and events that explore connections between cultures and continents.


_USER_ {export:180032, abstract = {
Whereas traditional dialog systems operate on the top ASR hypothesis, statistical dialog systems claim to be more robust to ASR errors by maintaining a distribution over multiple hidden dialog states. Recently, these techniques have been deployed publicly for the first time, making empirical measurements possible. In this paper, we analyze two of these deployments. We find that performance was quite mixed: in some cases statistical techniques improved accuracy with respect to the top speech recognition hypothesis; in other cases, accuracy was degraded. Investigating degradations, we find the three main causes are (non-obviously) inaccurate parameter estimates, poor confidence scores, and correlations in speech recognition errors. Overall the results suggest fundamental weaknesses in the formulation as a generative model, and we suggest alternatives as future work.
}, author = {Jason D. Williams}, journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing}, month = {December}, number = {8}, pages = {959-970}, publisher = {IEEE SPS}, title = {Challenges and Opportunities for State Tracking in Statistical Spoken Dialog Systems: Results From Two Public Deployments}, url = {_URL_ volume = {6}, year = {2012}, }


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This paper offers a critical evaluation of the notion of collective voice, advanced by Freeman and Medoff (1984) in their pioneering contribution What Do Unions Do? It takes note of theoretical and empirical work supportive of/consistent with the collective voice/institutional response model, and tracks some development of the model. Equally, although much criticism of What Do Unions Do? has been wide of the mark, there are critical areas in which the model is deficient. These lacunae include, but are not restricted to, the lingering imprecision of collective voice; the problem of bargaining power which calls into question the distinction between collective voice/institutional response and the monopoly face of unionism; the over-emphasis upon worker dissatisfaction; and, relatedly, the neglect of individual voice. The bottom line is that the notion of union voice is urgently in need of restatement if it is to continue to shape research into the economic consequences of unions.
unions collective/individual voice institutional response public goods contract enforcement high performance work practices


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The style elements provide a straightforward way to control the font. These elements fall into two categories: physical styles and logical styles. The style elements provide only crude control over the appearance of your text. For more sophisticated techniques, refer to "Font Control".
A logical style indicates that the enclosed text has some sort of special meaning. We've already seen the
em element, which indicates that the enclosed text should be emphasized (stressed when spoken). The list of available logical style elements includes:
em— Emphasizes text. Usually rendered as italic.
Please do not feed the monkeys.
strong— Strongly emphasizes text. Usually rendered as bold.
WARNING: Never feed the monkeys under any circumstances.
cite— Indicates a citation or reference. Usually rendered as italic.
For more information, please refer to The Dangers of Monkey Feeding, Vol 2.
dfn— Indicates the defining instance of a term; usually applied when the term first appears. Usually rendered as italic.
Monkeys have sharp canines, sharp pointy teeth to bite you with.
abbr— indicates an abbreviation or acronym, such as RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging); also provides a
titleattribute that may contain the fully-spelled out version. Hovering your mouse over the
abbr>> causes many browsers to display a "tooltip" with the contents of the
titleattribute. Rendering is inconsistent; some browsers display a dotted underline, while others do nothing special.
In particular, beware of MOUSes.
code— Indicates computer code fragments and commands. Usually rendered in a monospaced font.
10 PRINT "I LOVE MONKEY CHOW" 20 GOTO 10
Wait — "Usually rendered as italic?" What does that mean? Shouldn't
dfn always render as italic?
Well, not necessarily.
By default, most browsers render
emas italic. However, this is only a convention. Nothing requires browsers to use italic, and in fact, some browsers (such as an text-to-speech synthesis browser) might be completely unable to use italic.
Although the default is italic, you can override this using CSS. For example, you could specify that on your website, all
emelements render as red and bold.
Okay… but why do
cite all render the same by default? If I want italic, why wouldn't you just use
em and forget about the rest?
Well, sure, you could do that. However, using a richer set of elements gives you finer control. For example, you could declare that emphasized text is red and bold, but all citations are green and italic. You can also use logical style elements to extract more meaning out of a website. For example, if you knew that a website uses the
cite element consistently, you could easily write a program to extract a list of citations. (But don't obsess over that point; there are better ways to store and consume this sort of information.)
The key point to remember is that a
cite element is a citation, not a chunk of italic text. The italics are just a useful side effect.
Inline vs. Block Elements
Unlike the paragraph and header elements, the style elements listed above don't mark off a "block" of text. The physical style elements are inline elements that perform their work without adding extra line breaks:
Example 2.9. Inline vs. Block Elements
 1. This is a paragraph with a section of emphasized text inside of it. 2. This is a section of emphasized text with a paragraph inside of it.
The first sentence results in one "block" with a couple of emphasized words inside. In the second sentence, the
p element breaks the text up into multiple blocks.
Physical style elements specify a particular font change. For example, to make text bold, you can mark it off with the
. The list of available physical style elements includes:
b— Makes text bold. Appropriate for product names, …
Today, UniStellarDefenseCorp is proud to announce Neutrinozon, the only neutrino-based death ray on the market.
i— Makes text italic. Appropriate for ship names, internal monologues and thoughts, …
This exciting new product has already been installed on many advanced warships, including the I.S.S. Hood.
sub— Makes text a subscript. Appropriate for scientific and mathematical notation, …
Although the standard electron neutrino (μe) configuration packs plenty of punch, muon neutrino (μν) upgrades are available on request.
sup— Makes text a superscript. Appropriate for footnotes, scientific and mathematical notation, …
With an intensity of 1.76x106 cm-2s-1, nothing can repel firepower of this magnitude!
The physical styles are subtly different from the logical styles. The logical style element
strong means "something strongly emphasized," while the physical style element
b just means, "something that is bold."
A Digression: Physical Styles and Semantic Markup
These days, you'll sometimes hear people claim that the physical styles are yucky and bad and should never be used. This is because logical styles contain small quantities of a rare earth named "Semanticism". Semanticism can be mined and processed into the power source for farms of spinning Academic Paper Turbines, which serve to feed and clothe members of our society who would otherwise starve to death.
Although it is true that certain physical styles are obsolete, the
sup elements are appropriate to use in certain situations. For example, compare these code samples:
My grandfather served on the U.S.S. Maine.
My grandfather served on the U.S.S. Maine.
In this case,
i is more appropriate than
em, unless you think it's appropriate to always be shouting the "U.S.S. Maine" part. Not that
i is all that wonderful, but
em is just flatly wrong. Maybe it would be nice if we had a
vessel element, but HTML is a small language, and the
i element is the best we can do.
For a more extreme example, consider the quantity "2 to the x power," represented in HTML as
2x. If we take away the superscript, this leaves us with
2x, which is most emphatically not equal to "2 to the x power." Even though the
sup element literally means, "move the 2 above the line", this physical change to the text has actual mathematical meaning! (Thanks to Jacques Distler for pointing this one out.)


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Research Finds Students Short on Study Savvy
Most-effective tactics are the least favored
Students are least likely to choose to test themselves while studying, although it has been shown to be the most effective study strategy, according to researchers here at the Association for Psychological Science conference.
"It's a remarkable feature of our educational system that we give students so much stuff to learn and rarely tell them how to go about learning that stuff," said Purdue University psychologist Jeffrey D. Karpicke. "Learners tend to think of 'how do I get all this stuff into my head?' and they don't spend much time considering how they will get all of that stuff back out of their heads when the time comes to retrieve it. If you use effective strategies, you can spend less time studying and learn more; you stop wasting time in studying and get more out of it."
While K-12 educators often argue that students are tested too much in U.S. schools, research from the Memory Lab at Washington University in St. Louis has found that repeated attempts to recall information, either during a class quiz or by the students quizzing themselves or each other, can cause students to remember as much as twice the information, both facts and concepts,...
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text:
Sponsored by: CACHE
Last year's recipient was: Children's Scrapstore Playpod Bristol
JUDGING PANEL CONVENOR: CAROLINE KERR
- Helen Simpson
- Nicola Butler
- Martin Bedford
The judges are looking for an individual or organisation who delivers training which inspires, motivates and enthuses learners. This training could be delivered while undertaking a vocational qualification, a degree programme, a short but inspiring CPD session or a practical session underpinned by the Playwork Principles. The training award wants to recognise the passion and enthusiasm of the provider/s who are working to promote the Playwork Principles in an innovative and engaging way.
What the judges are looking for:
- Explain what the trainer did that made the training innovative, inspiring and stimulating
- In what way is the training underpinned by the Playwork Principles and playwork theory?
- How the training provider supports diverse participants' learning?
- How has the training influenced/changed yours or the learner's playwork practice?
- Give examples of how the training supported and encouraged participants to learn from each other.
Click here to download the nomination form.


The Gleg'ren
The Gleg'ren are an underwater society of semi-human/semi-fish people with blue-green skin, large, black eyes, scaly bodies, and webbed hands and feet. The most commonly encountered members of the race are the scouts. The scouts serve the society as the hunters and warriors. They are quite adept at survival on the ocean floor and can wield the crossbow and trident effectively. When hunting, gleg'ren scouts will set snares with their fishing nets or fire tethered crossbow bolts.
The gleg'ren have a complex hierarchical society with clerics at the top, wizards in the middle, and scouts and other workers at the bottom. Nearly all gleg'ren wizards are sorcerers. Over the centuries, gleg'ren have developed many spells on their own which are unfamiliar to surface mages.
As amphibians, gleg'ren can function underwater or above it, but they greatly prefer to stay away from the surface. In fact, gleg'ren are very isolationist, preferring not to come in contact with land dwellers. Usually, when a gleg'ren is sighted, fishermen or sailors capture the freaky fish man and abuse the gleg'ren in some way. Consequently, gleg'ren tend to treat surface dwellers with hostility upon sight. Aquarel alvar, the sea elves, however, tend to have decent relations with the gleg'ren.
Gleg'ren live in underwater cities replete with fine works of sculptured coral. Gleg'ren love elven silver since it does not tarnish in salt water. These treasures would fetch a fortune on the surface.
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