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Transforming and animating shapes
EaselJS First Look
with Ray Villalobos
Video: Transforming and animating shapes
Transforming and animating shapes provides you with in-depth training on Web. Taught by Ray Villalobos as part of the EaselJS First Look
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Watch the Online Video Course EaselJS First Look
Video Duration: 8m 24s1h 28m Beginner Sep 21, 2012
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View Course Description
EaselJS is a free JavaScript library that makes creating interactive web content for HTML5 more straightforward and intuitive. This course transitions web designers, animators, and content creators who may be used to working with Adobe Flash and ActionScript to this new open web standard. Author Ray Villalobos first explains the capabilities of the EaselJS framework and the HTML5 Canvas element, and what they mean for web design. The rest of the course shows how to use EaselJS's helper classes and hierarchal display list to load images, draw, animate, and handle mouse input from visitors.
Topics include:
 - Installing EaselJS
 - Understanding how Canvas draws and animates
 - Drawing lines and strokes
 - Drawing with graphic primitives
 - Using the chaining and compacting commands
 - Animating shapes
 - Working with text
 - Importing bitmaps and vector graphics
 - Working with sprite sheets
 - Handling mouse events
CreateJS EaselJS
Ray Villalobos
Transforming and animating shapes
Transforming shapes with EaselJS is done through a class called the DisplayObject. However, you don't actually access that class directly. Instead, you work with DisplayObject subclasses, like Text, Bitmap, and Shape. When you use one of these subclasses, you have access to a variety of traditional transformations, like Rotation, Scaling, et cetera. So let's take a look. So I'm starting off with a basic HTML template. If you haven't already, make sure you watch the video on Creating a Template and Installing EaselJS.
If we go to our script file, we notice that I have a canvas object, as well as a stage and a shape. There's already a shape in the canvas, so if you need to review how to draw graphics, make sure you check out the chapter on Drawing Graphics. So after you have a shape, you can apply some additional transformations to that shape by just calling the different DisplayObject methods. So I can do shape.rotation=, and I can use degrees for rotations, so let me type in 30, and I'll Refresh, and you can see that it's rotated; however, it may not be what you expected.
Like with canvas, rotation is done against a registration point, and that registration point is always by default at the top left of the stage. Now we can easily move that registration point with the regX and regY properties of DisplayObjects. Before I do that, though, transformations are more easily seen in an animation, so I'm going to add an animation. If you want to review how that's done, make sure you check out the video on Comparing Canvas versus EaselJS. So I'm going to rotate this object eight times through each tick, and then I'm going to update the stage.
So I don't need this stage.update right here, because the stage is going to be updated 30 times per second. I also don't need this rotation anymore, because I'm changing the rotation in every tick. So I'm going to Save and then Refresh, and you can more clearly see that, that rectangle is rotated around this point of origin right here, or this registration point. By making the origin of this object when we drew it, 50 and 50, we've actually moved the object 50 pixels from the left and 50 pixels from the top. So that object is already down a little bit into the stage.
So in order to fix this animation so that it happens around the center, we need to move the registration point of this object. So we're going to move the registration point to 100x100. So let me go ahead and Save. Now it is rotating around the center of the object. Let's go ahead and move this to another position in the stage. So you can see that we can reposition this object wherever we want just by changing the X and Y property. Now why was the registration set to 100x100? When we drew this object, we drew it at a position that was 50 pixels from the left and 50 pixels from the top, and then we told EaselJS that we wanted this object to be 100 pixels by 100 pixels.
Because we had already moved it, to make the registration point in the center of the object, we have to go 50 pixels in, plus half of the width of the object, so that's 50, plus another 50, so that's 100x100. Sometimes this notation can be a little confusing, so you've got a couple of options. Number one, you could set the original position of the object at the top left of the stage. If you do this, we'll Refresh, now the object is rotating around this point, because we've told it to go in 100x100 pixels.
You can come over here and change that to 50, 50, and this is half of the width of the object, the width and height are 100 right now, and if we Save that, then that works really well. If you don't want to use registration at all, you can just delete these two registration points, then automatically position the object so that it's centered already at the 00 point. That means the object will be at -50, -50, and be 100 pixels wide by 100 pixels tall. If I Save that, now the object rotates around the center and we don't need to use the registration commands.
So that's pretty cool! You can actually animate all the different kinds of properties of the DisplayObject, so make sure you check this documentation right here for some of the other options. You see that you have alpha; you also have stuff like regX and regY, the rotation is right here, plus you have a scale factor that you can adjust, as well as skewing and other things. So if you're used to using something like Adobe Flash, these properties will be very familiar to you. Let's go ahead and try some of them. So let's go ahead and move this object horizontally by 1 pixel every grain.
So I'll Save this and Refresh, you can see now the object is moving very slowly. So plus plus in programming languages means that you're going to increment this by 1 every time. So this is the same thing as writing shape.x = shape.x + 1. If you want to do more than one, then you can use +=, just like rotation, do += 5 pixels every time you would do that, so that's moving a lot faster. And the same thing for the Y. So just adjust the Y position by 5 pixels and rotate, and now you could see it moving diagonally.
Now you can also scale things in the X and Y direction by using scaleX and scaleY. A scale of.5 is half the size of the original object and a scale of 2 times is twice the size. So watch how you scale these. Let's go ahead and try some of those. I'll get rid of the position adjustment, so that's in the same place. Then I can come over here and say shape.scaleX = 2. Let's see what that does, and now the object is twice the width.
And I can do the same thing for Y with scaleY, and now the object is twice as big in every dimension. You can also do.5 to make it half as big, and you can tell that everything that EaselJS draws is in vectors, so it doesn't matter what size we make that object, it scales very nicely. You can animate that if you want to. So we could do something like multiply this by 1.1, and I'm going to Refresh, and you could see that it's growing a little bit through every frame of the ticker.
So another useful transformation is alpha. Let me go ahead and get rid of this, Save this, and Refresh. You can set the alpha of a shape by typing in the alpha property and sending it to a number from 0-1. So if we say.5, then the alpha will be 50% of whatever the color of the object was before. If we say 0, then the object will be completely invisible; and 1, completely opaque. So of course you can animate the alpha just like you can any other property. We can do something like times =.8, refresh that, and you can see the object kind of disappear.
So let's get rid of that so we can see our object. You can also skew a shape, and skewing is really an amount you want to skew an object by. So it's not a number from 1-0, like scale and alpha. You usually have to skew by a significant amount. So let's do shape.skewX = 200, and we could see that, that object is kind of skewed over to the side by 200 pixels. Let's go ahead and stop the rotation here, let's comment that out. And you can do the same thing in the Y direction. So if I wanted to animate that, I would do something


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By Jason Chalmers
In recent decades, 'the Holocaust' has become a freefloating symbolic signifier that can be applied to a variety of subjects regardless of their (dis)similarity to the Nazi persecution of European Jewry. This means that, while the ostensible purpose of Holocaust commemoration is to honour the dead, a community's decision to remember the Holocaust is compelled by a variety of interests. In 2011, the federal government of Canada announced that it would construct its own national memorial to the Holocaust – the National Holocaust Monument (NHM) – thereby raising the question of what interests have provoked this memorial. In the present study, I analyse the discourse surrounding this memorial to understand some of the primary motivations underlying the NHM. After establishing a theoretical framework for the study of Holocaust memorials, I discuss two major themes that have emerged from the discourse: the ethical and the global. Both themes frame the monument as an embodiment of 'Canadian' values, but each does so for a different audience; in one instance the NHM acts as a mirror that reflects Canadian values towards Canadians, while the other is a beacon that projects these values to global society. Based on these related functions, I argue that Holocaust memory and the NHM are being used to broadcast Canadian values in multiple directions in an attempt to shape the nation's domestic and international identities.
This article by Jason Chalmers was originally published in Amsterdam Social Science Volume 7 Issue 1(2016). Click here for the full article

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Google today is celebrating the 182nd birthday of Eadweard Muybridge, an English photographer of the Dutch ancestry who is famously know for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip.
Eadweard Muybridge was born in Kingston upon Thames, England in the year 1830. He moved to the US in 1855 and started his careers as a publisher's agent and bookseller. After a stagecoach accident in which he received severe head injuries, he returned back to England for a few years. While recovering from the accident, he showed keen interest in photography and learned the wet-collodion technique.
Later in 1866, he moved back to the US and became a successful photographer, primarily focusing on landscapes and architectural subjects. His photographs were sold by various photographic entrepreneurs on Montgomery Street.
In the year 1872, former Governor of California Leland Stanford and a race-horse owner was looking for an answer to the question he had asked – "whether all four of a horse's hooves are off the ground at the same time during the trot." In order to get an answer to this, Standford sought out Muybridge and hired him to settle the question.
Five years later in 1877, Muybridge settled Stanford's question with a single photographic negative showing Stanford's Standardbred trotting horse Occident airborne at the trot. That is, he proved that the horse's hooves were off the ground at the same time during the trot.
The Sallie Gardner at a Gallop or The Horse in Motion shows that the hooves do all leave the ground simultaneously. This was directed by Eadweard Muybridge and consists of 24 photographs, which shows in fast-motion that horses who are galloping lift all four hooves completely off the ground.
Eadweard Muybridge died on 8 May 1904 in Kingston upon Thames.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Iodine-stabilised HeNe lasers are used in many national standards laboratories and measurement institutes for the practical implementation of the SI unit of length, the metre. Such systems offer an accurate and effective means of delivering traceability for length and dimensional measurement within the precision engineering and manufacturing industries. NPL has long-standing research and development experience of iodine-stabilised lasers, going back over 30 years, and operates a number of systems in house as the UK national standard of length.
One of the recommended radiations is the 633 nm light from an iodine-stabilised HeNe laser, to which is currently assigned an overall uncertainty of 10 kHz (≈2 parts in 1011). The NPL system shown above can approach a reproducibility of 1 part in 1011.
The 633 nm system comprises a cavity within which is a plasma tube and iodine cell. The plasma tube provides gain over a frequency region of around 1 GHz and the iodine cell introduces a loss since there is a Doppler-limited absorption coincident with the neon transition. However, when the laser is tuned to the centre of an iodine hyperfine transition, there is a small reduction in absorption, and this causes a slight increase in the output power of the laser. This can be detected by modulating the laser at a frequency f and synchronously detecting the output power change at a frequency 3f. An example of iodine components at 633 nm detected in this way is shown below. These signals can be used for frequency control of the laser.
NPL also has a green iodine-stabilised HeNe laser at 543 nm, although this system has the iodine cell outside the cavity. A photograph of a green (543 nm) iodine stabilised laser is shown below.
HeNe wavelengths other than 633 nm and 543 nm can be calibrated using the NPL femtosecond comb facilities.
Please note that the information will not be divulged to third parties, or used without your permission


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Martha and Four Friends
Date: 09/17/2001 at 07:30:12 From: vidya Subject: Combinations permutations Martha and four friends go to a movie. How many different ways can they sit together with Martha always between two friends? My answer is 72, whereas the solutions gives the answer to the question as 24. Thanking you in anticipation, Vidya
Date: 09/17/2001 at 09:56:06 From: Doctor Ian Subject: Re: Combinations permutations Hi Vidya, I get the same answer you do. The total number of ways that they can sit together is 5! = 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 120 The total number of ways that Martha can sit on the left end is 4! = 24 The total number of ways that she can sit on the right end is 4! = 24 So the total number of ways that she can sit in the middle must be 120 - 24 - 24 = 72 I'm guessing that the person who said that 24 is the answer reasoned this way: There are 3*2*1 = 6 ways that Martha can sit with two of her friends on the inside. Then there are 4 ways to choose the person on the left; which leaves just 1 way to choose the person on the right; for a total of 4*3*2*1*1 = 24 ways for the friends to sit together. However, this is incorrect, since it doesn't take into account the ways that the inner and outer groups can be chosen. But as I said, I'm just guessing. But in problems like this - assuming they are small enough - there is always a way to settle a question definitively, which is to enumerate all the possibilities. To generate them systematically, I'm going to use the notation '-- ---', in which the left side represents choices that have been made, and the right side represents the unchosen elements. And let's say that Martha is 'a', and mark each permutation in which she doesn't appear on either end. a bcde -> ab cde -> abc de -> abcde abced abd ce -> abdce abdec abe cd -> abecd abedc ac bde -> acb de -> acbde acbed acd be -> acdbe acdeb ace bd -> acebd acedb ad bce -> adb ce -> adbce adbec adc be -> adcbe adceb ade bc -> adebc adecb ae bcd -> aeb cd -> aebcd aebdc aec bd -> aecbd aecdb aed bc -> aedbc aedcb b acde -> ba cde -> bac de -> bacde * baced * bad ce -> badce * badec * bae cd -> baecd * baedc * bc ade -> bca de -> bcade * bcaed * bcd ae -> bcdae * bcdea bce ad -> bcead * bceda bd ace -> bda ce -> bdace * bdaec * bdc ae -> bdcae * bdcea bde ac -> bdeac * bdeca be acd -> bea cd -> beacd * beadc * bec ad -> becad * becda bed ac -> bedac * bedca c abde -> ca bde -> cab de -> cabde * cabed * cad be -> cadbe * cadeb * cae bd -> caebd * caedb * cb ade -> cba de -> cbade * cbaed * cbd ae -> cbdae * cbdea cbe ad -> cbead * cbeda cd abe -> cda be -> cdabe * cdaeb * cdb ae -> cdbae * cdbea cde ab -> cdeab * cdeba ce abd -> cea bd -> ceabd * ceadb * ceb ad -> cebad * cebda ced ab -> cedab * cedba d abce -> da bce -> dab ce -> dabce * dabec * dac be -> dacbe * daceb * dae bc -> daebc * daecb * db ace -> dba ce -> dbace * dbaec * dbc ae -> dbcae * dbcea dbe ac -> dbeac * dbeca dc abe -> dca be -> dcabe * dcaeb * dcb ae -> dcbae * dcbea dce ab -> dceab * decba de abc -> dea bc -> deabc * deacb * deb ac -> debac * debca dec ab -> decab * decba e abcd -> ea bcd -> eab cd -> eabcd * eabdc * eac bd -> eacbd * eacdb * ead bc -> eadbc * eadcb * eb acd -> eba cd -> ebacd * ebadc * ebc ad -> ebcad * ebcda ebd ac -> ebdac * ebdca ec abd -> eca bd -> ecabd * ecadb * ecb ad -> ecbad * ecbda ecd ab -> ecdab * ecdba ed abc -> eda bc -> edabc * edacb * edb ac -> edbac * edbca edc ab -> edcab * edcba I count 72 different ways for them to sit together with Martha in the middle. Does this help? - Doctor Ian, The Math Forum _URL_
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General Laborer - Construction Job in Mandeville, LA
Location: Mandeville, LA
Job Type: Temp
Job Ref Code: 25-32-4447
Are you a quick learner who's good at performing a variety of tasks? Can you be ready to work at a different worksite from one day to the next? Do you prioritize the safety of your co-workers and yourself? Well if you have any of these skills, interests, and abilities in you, then we'd love to talk to you about a great opportunity as a General Laborer.
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- Using a variety of tools and equipment such as blowtorches, forklifts, levels, lifts, power drills, grinders, saws, pressure washers, and water spraying equipment.
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- Working outdoors in all kinds of weather or indoors without heating or air conditioning.
- Safety training and certification for handling dangerous substances, like lead, asbestos, and other chemicals.
- Completing on-the-job training programs, working with a mentor, and learning basic job and safety principles.
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- Wear protective equipment/gear as necessary (glove, eye-wear, hard-hat, steel-toes, etc.)
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- Staying active — This job will keep you busy and constantly moving throughout the day.
- Communication skills — provide information and coordinating with supervisors, co-workers, and external partners to carry out job logistics and daily responsibilities.
- Learning opportunity — a chance to pick up a wide variety of useful skills.
- Teaching & mentoring skills — helping train and prepare new employees for the job.
- Rewarding career — opportunities for advancement to supervisory or management roles.


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to my special friend who offered me the source of these facts.
The following information was gathered from "Zalmoxis, The Vanishing God" by Mircea Eliade. The book was originally published in 1970 as "De Zalmoxis a Gengis-Khan: Etudes comparatives sur le religions et le folklore de la Dacie et de l'Europe Orientel". The purpose is to present the essential from the religion of Geto-Dacians.
|Table of Contents:Religious Meanings Of Ethnic Names|
This page changes weekly.
If you like it and want to know more about Dacians and their rituals, check
back periodically, or enter your email address below and you will receive
an email letting you know when it changes.
MEANINGS OF ETHNIC NAMES
According to Strabo, the original name of the Dacians was daoi. A tradition preserved by Hesychius informs us that daos was the Phrygian word for "wolf.' P. Kretschmer had explained daos by the root *dhäu, "to press, to squeeze, to strangle."' Among the words derived from this root we may note the Lydian Kandaules, the name of the Thracian war god, Kandaon, the Illyrian dhaunos (wolf), the god Daunus, and so on. The city of Daous-dava, in Lower Moesia, between the Danube and Mount Haemus, literally meant "village of wolves. Formerly, then, the Dacians called themselves "wolves" or "those who are like wolves," who resemble wolves. Still according to Strabo, certain nomadic Scythians to the east of the Caspian Sea were also called daoi. The Latin authors called them Daliae, and some Greek historians daai. In all probability their ethnic name was derived from Iranian (Saka) dahae, "wolf." But similar names were not unusual among the IndoEuropeans. South of the Caspian Sea lay Hyrcania, that is, in Eastern Iranian "Vehrkana," in Western Iranian "Varkana," literally the "country of wolves" (from the Iranian root vehrka, "wolf'). The nomadic tribes that inhabited it were called Hyrkanoi, "the wolves," by Greco-Latin authors. In Phrygia there was the tribe of the Orka (Orkoi).
We may further cite the Lycaones of Arcadia, and Lycaonia or Lucaonia in Asia Minor, and especially the Arcadian Zeus Lykaios" and Apollo Lykagenes; the latter surname has been explained as "he of the she-wolf," "he born of the she-wolf," that is, born of Leto in the shape of a she-wolf. According to Heraclides Ponticus (Fragm. Hist. Gr. 218), the name of the Samnite tribe of the Lucani came from Lykos, "wolf." Their neighbors, the Hirpini, took their name from hirpus, the Samnite word for "wolf." At the foot of Mount Soracte lived the Hirpi Sorani, the "wolves of Sora" (the Volscian city). According to the tradition transmitted by Servius, an oracle had advised the Hirpi Sorani to live "like wolves," that is, by rapine. And in fact they were exempt from taxes and from military service, for their biennial rite-which consisted in walking barefoot over burning coals-was believed to ensure the fertility of the country. Both this shamanic rite and their living "like wolves" reflect religious concepts of considerable antiquity. There is no need to cite other examples. We will note only that tribes with wolf names are documented in places as distant as Spain (Loukentioi and Lucenses in Celtiberian Calaecia), Ireland, and England. Nor, indeed, is the phenomenon confined to the IndoEuropeans.
The fact that a people takes
its ethnic name from the name of an animal always has a religious meaning.
More precisely, the fact cannot be understood except as the expression
of an archaic religious concept. In the case with which we are concerned,
several hypotheses can be considered. First, we may suppose that the people
derives its name from a god or mythical ancestor in the shape of a wolf
or who manifested himself lycomorphically. The myth of a supernatural wolf
coupling with a princess, who gives birth either to a people or a dynasty,
occurs in various forms in Central Asia. But we have no testimony to its
existence among the Dacians.
a) adolescents who, during their initiatory probation, had to hide far from their villages and live by rapine;During his probation the Lacedaemonian kouros led the life of a wolf for an entire year: hidden in the mountains, he lived on what he could steal, taking care that no one saw him. Among a number of lndo-European peoples, emigrants, exiles, and fugitives were called "wolves." The Hittite laws already said of a proscribed man that he had "become a wolf.'' And in the laws of Edward the Confessor (ca. AD. 1000), the proscribed man had to wear a wolf headed mask (wolfhede). The wolf was the symbol of the fugitive, and many gods who protected exiles and outlaws had wolf deities or attributes. Examples are Zeus Lykoreius or Apollo Lykeios, Romulus and Remus, sons of the wolf-god Mars and suckled by the she-wolf of the Capitol, had been "fugitives." According to the legend, Romulus established a place of refuge for exiles and outlaws on the Capitol. Servius informs us that this asylum was under the protection of the god Lucoris. And Lucoris was identified with Lykoreus of Delphi, himself a wolfgod. Finally, a third hypothesis that may explain the name of the Dacians centers on the ability to change into a wolf by the power of certain rituals. Such a transformation may be connected with lycanthropy properly speaking-an extremely widespread phenomenon, but more especially documented in the BalkanoCarpathian region-or with a ritual imitation of the behavior and outward appearance of the wolf. Ritual imitation of the wolf is a specific characteristic of military initiations and hence of the Männerbünde, the secret brotherhoods of warriors. There are reasons to think that such rites and beliefs, bound up with a martial ideology, are what made it possible to assimilate fugitives, exiles, and proscribed men to wolves. To subsist, all these outlaws behaved like bands of young warriors, that is, like real "wolves."
INITIATIONS: RITUAL TRANSFORMATION INTO A PREDATORY ANIMAL
The studies made by Lily Weiser, Otto Höfler, Stig Wikander, C. Widengren, H. Jeanmaire, and Georges Dumézil have markedly advanced our knowledge of the Indo-European military brotherhoods, and especially of their religious ideology and initiatory rituals. In the Germanic world these brotherhoods still existed at the end of the Volkerwandernng. Among the Iranians they are documented in the period of Zarathustra, but since a tart of the vocabulary typical of the Männerbflnde is also found in Vedic texts, there is no doubt that associations of young warriors already existed in the Indo-Iranian period. G. Dumnézil has demonstrated the survival of certain military initiations among the Celts and the Romans, and H. Jeanmaire has discovered vestiges of initiatory rituals among the Lacedaemonians. So it appears that the Indo-Europeans shared a common system of beliefs and rituals pertaining to young warriors.
Now the essential part of the military initiation consisted in ritually transforming the young warrior into some species of predatory wild animal. It was not solely a matter of courage, physical strength, or endurance, but "of a magico-religious experience that radically changed the young warriors mode of being. He had to transmute his humanity by an access of aggressive and terrifying fury that made him like a raging carnivore.'' Among the ancient Germans the predator-warriors were called berserkir, literally "warriors in the body-covering [serkrj] of a bear." They were also known as itqkedhnar, "wolf-skin men." The bronze plaque from Torslunda shows a warrior disguised as a wolf. From all this, two facts emerge:
1. A young man became a redoubtable warrior by magically assimilating the behavior of a carnivore, especially a wolf;What is important for our investigation is the fact that the young warrior accomplished his transformation into a wolf by the ritual donning of a wolf-skin, an operation preceded or followed by a radical change in behavior. As long as he was wrapped in the animal's skin, he ceased to be a man, he was the carnivore itself: not only was he a ferocious and invincible warrior, possessed by the furor heroicus, he had cast off all humanity; in short, he no longer felt bound by the laws and customs of men. And in fact young warriors, not satisfied with claiming the right to commit rapine and terrorize the community during their ritual meetings, were able to behave like carnivores in eating, for example, human flesh. Beliefs in ritual or ecstatic lycanthropy are documented


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ActionScript 2.0 Best Practices
ActionScript 2.0 Best Practices
ActionScript coding conventions are very important for Macromedia Flash designers and developers to ensure that code and applications are structured in a way that is intuitive and beneficial to themselves as well as other people working on the same project. This is particularly important with long code files. When you follow coding conventions, everyone on the design and development team can understand the code and can work more efficiently. This document helps formalize the ActionScript coding process.
The following guidelines encourage consistency for people learning how to write ActionScript code. Adopt best practices at all times, whether you are a designer or developer, or working alone or as part of a team:
 - When you work on ActionScript documents: Adopting consistent and efficient practices helps you speed up your workflow. Additionally, your code is often more portable within the framework of a larger project, and easier to reuse.
 - When you share AS files: Other people editing the document can quickly find and understand ActionScript and consistently modify the code.
 - When you work on applications: Multiple authors can work on an application with fewer conflicts and greater efficiency.
 - When you are learning or teaching ActionScript: Following coding conventions reduces the need to relearn particular methodologies. If students learning ActionScript practice consistent and better ways to structure code, they might learn the language more quickly and with less frustration.
These guidelines relate to the following software:
Flash Professional 8


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The Superhero Database Classification number, or SHDB Class, is a number that represents the overall 'power' of a character. All traits of a character are used for calculating the Classification.
What it DOESN'T mean
This doesn't mean that a higher class would always beat a lower class character. But the bigger the difference in Class is, the more obvious it is who'll win in a fight.
How is this calculated
( INT^1.3 + (STR*0.5 )^2 + (SPE*0.5)^2 + DUR^1.6 + (POW + (SPS*SPL))^2 + COM^1.8 ) ^ TIER
Super Power Score and Level
Every Super Power has a score (SPS) that is used to calculate the Class. Each Super Power also has 3 levels (SPL). The level is set when connecting that Super Power to a character. The level determines the final score, of the Super Power, being used in the calculation.


Archived:Why Won't My WSN Node Connect to the Network?
Updated May 4, 2021
National Instruments does not actively maintain this document.
Reported In
 - Analog Input Node for WSN
 - Strain/Bridge Node for WSN
 - Serial Interface Node for WSN
 - Thermocouple Input Node for WSN
 - WSN-9791
 - WSN-9792
 - RT Controller with Integrated Gateway for WSN
 - NI-WSN
Issue Details
I have a wireless sensor network (WSN) node that is consistently indicating that it is trying to connect to a network and is not returning any data. Why won't the node connect to the network?
A node may fail to connect to the network for a variety of reasons. Use the following guide to help troubleshoot this problem:
 1. Make sure that the node has been added to the gateway.
In order for a node to connect to a network, the gateway must expect it to be a member. It is possible that the node has not been properly added to the gateway in MAX. Also check that your configuration settings have been applied. For more information on how to add a node to the gateway, refer to Start»All Programs»National Instruments»Wireless SensorNetwork 1.0»Configuring WSN in MAX.
 1. Verify that the node is in communication range of an available gateway or router.
It is possible that the node is simply not able to communicate with the gateway or any routers. The node's outdoor range is up to 300 m for American models. Europe/Asia models have an outdoor range up to 150 m. Make sure that the node is within this distance to its desired parent. Also keep in mind that even though the nodes have this listed specification, it is possible for sources of interference to significantly limit this range. If possible, first place the node close to its parent and allow it to connect, then move it to its desired location and see if it can maintain its connection.
 1. Verify that your network configuration properly avoids the possibility for a stranded node.
Gateways and routers can only facilitate the communication of 8 end nodes at a time. If your network contains more than 8 end nodes, it is possible for some of them to become stranded and fail to join. For more information on how to prevent stranded nodes, refer to pg. 15 the NI WSN-9791 Ethernet Gateway user manual or page 22 of the NI 9792 WSN Real-Time Gateway user manual.
 1. Make sure the node is not searching on the wrong channel.
If a node was previously connected to a network on a different communication channel it may still be attempting to join on that channel. To ensure that this is not an issue, hold the Communication Button on the node for at least 5 seconds to allow it to restart the connection process.
 1. Check that the node is not simply asleep.
After failing to join a network, an end node will sleep before trying to reconnect. This is done to help conserve power. The node will sleep an increased amount of time between failed attempts. The nodes use the Fibonacci sequence (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55) to determine wait times. The nodes can wait up to 55 minutes between connection attempts. As result the end node may simply be asleep and may not be actively trying to join the network. To force joining attempts from the node, either hold down the Communication Button on the node for at least 5 seconds or press the Reset button.
 1. Check that other nodes that have not been added to the gateway are not currently trying to connect.
Connection problems can occur if multiple nodes are attempting to connect to the network but are not being allowed by the gateway because they have not been added in MAX. When this happens, there is a chance that nodes that are permitted to join will not be able to. This problem should resolve itself eventually on its own. However, the best way to prevent this behavior is to ensure that all of your nodes have either been added to the gateway in MAX or have been powered down.
 1. If after verifying the above the node still will not connect, it may have incompatible or corrupt firmware.
It is possible that the node firmware is incompatible with the gateway or is corrupt. It is also possible for a user-created program running on the node to prevent the node from communicating regularly. This will cause the node to drop from the network and can prevent it from rejoining. To resolve this problem, reset the node to its factory firmware by pressing and holding the Reset button for at least 5 seconds. The node should then reconnect and allow the appropriate firmware to be reinstalled.


Lowestoft Beach, Suffolk, John Salmon
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Patrick Nasmyth (_PHONE_)
He was a Scottish landscape painter. He was the eldest son of the famous artist Alexander Nasmyth, whilst his younger brother, James, was a prominent engineer who gained notoriety as the inventor of the steam hammer.
Nasmyth was born in Edinburgh and was named after his father's patron, Patrick Miller. He developed an affinity for art at an early age and, on seeing this, his father took a keen interest in developing his son's talent. As a teenager Nasmyth lost the use of his right hand following an accident, forcing him to learn how to paint with his left. He also lost most of his hearing through illness.
Much of Nasmyth's work, a great deal of which is undated, depicts his native Scotland, which he continued to paint even after moving to London in 1810. Like his father, he was heavily influenced by the Dutch masters of the 17th century, particularly Meindert Hobbema and Jacob van Ruysdael.
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Water Released To Farmers In Klamath Basin
DATE: July 25, 2001
BACKGROUND: Interior Secretary Gale Norton announced July 24, 2001 that the federal government would release 75,000 acre feet of water from Upper Klamath Lake to farmers in the Klamath Basin Project. According to Norton, the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) has determined that the water level in the lake is higher than expected and therefore the extra water will be released as early as July 25. BOR had shut off water to the irrigation ditches earlier this spring to save the endangered sucker fish and threatened coho salmon.
TEN SECOND RESPONSE: It's nice to see the administration recognizing the importance of family farms in the scheme of the Endangered Species Act.
THIRTY SECOND RESPONSE: While the release of water may be too late for most farmers for this season, it shows that the administration recognizes the importance of the livelihood of its citizens in balance with nature. Now we need to take steps to amend the Endangered Species Act so people are considered as important as wildlife.
DISCUSSION: The amount of water to be released is about one sixth of the amount available to farmers during a normal season. Approximately 10,000 acre feet of water will be needed just to prime the canal system. (One acre foot of water covers one acre of land with water one foot deep.) Although the late release of water will not help most row crop farmers, it should provide enough moisture to livestock and wells and perhaps save alfalfa and hay crops, according to Norton.
Norton said that none of this water would make it downstream to the wildlife refuge where about 1,000 bald eagles over-winter.
by Gretchen Randall, Director of Energy & Regulatory Affairs, The National Center for Public Policy Research
Contact the author at: _PHONE_ or [email protected]
The National Center for Public Policy Research, Chicago office
3712 North Broadway - PMB 279
Chicago, IL 60613


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other early dance pioneers, Shawn sought to create an American dance style. But he distinguished his mission from that of his female peers (and former students) by arguing for a purely masculine form. In an essay entitled "Dancing for Men," included in one of his many publications, Shawn detailed the differences between characteristically masculine and feminine movements, exhibiting the sexist biases of his time: Men, he felt, should demonstrate a stance with a "forward thrust," move in a full-bodied manner and extend into space, while women should display enclosed "movement of a small range" and "concave receptivity." His translation of these principles into motion demonstrated, as one critic put it, that "dance is an art-form for men in action."
Author Julia Foulkes has in fact argued that by advocating for masculine movements that were virile, athletic and strong, Shawn was suggesting invincibility, heroism and nationalism, which won over even the most conservative of audiences. Furthermore, at a time when homosexual men were believed to be effeminate, he succeeded in dispelling conventional notions that male dancers were effete.
While critics championing emerging modern dance often responded negatively to St. Denis' and Shawn's work, the duo's contributions to American dance singly and together—as artists, teachers and visionaries—is undeniable. As Shawn wrote, "We intended to experiment with dance techniques of the past, to recognize dance movements of all ages and lands and to adapt new dance styles as they emerged. We could not have foreseen that our creative achievements would leave an indelible imprint on the history of American dance." DT
Rebecca Rossen, PhD, is a dance historian and choreographer working in Chicago.


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The need for a robust pumping system capable of operating in the challenging conditions presented in geothermal production wells has been identified as a critical piece of equipment for the advancement of geothermal energy utilization. In typical geothermal operations, establishing and maintaining a high production rate at high temperatures is critical to the economic viability of the project. Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) have significant advantages over other commonly used pumping systems in geothermal operations, and have the potential to enhance the production of geothermal wells.
ESP systems are currently available that are capable of handling high operating temperatures;however, these systems are limited in their power output, reliability, and production rate.Conversely, higher power ESP systems are available; although, their allowable operating
temperatures are significantly lower than their high temperature counterparts. There appears to be a technology gap marrying high operating temperatures with high power outputs that limits the value of ESPs in the geothermal industry. The design of an ESP system capable of meeting these requirements may be a significant market opportunity, and may spur the advancement of geothermal energy utilization. Many of the challenges posed by the high temperature conditions experienced in a geothermal production well have also been faced by ESP manufacturers designing systems for thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR).
This paper summarizes the current state of available high temperature ESPs, the typical artificial lift requirements for geothermal operations, and the ideal economic and technical parameters of ESP systems for use in geothermal operations. Using this information, existing gaps in ESP capabilities for widespread adaption to the geothermal industry have also been highlighted.
Author: Curkan, B., Klaczek, W., Reede, C.
Publisher: Geothermal Research Council
Purchase URL: Purchase this paper


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SUMMARY OF INFLUENCES AND RESPONSES THAT SHAPE THE CHARACTER OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Flat landforms with gently rolling hills.
Hot, humid summers.
Rapidly changing weather with
thunderstorms, hurricanes, and
Humidity, intense summer sun, and
presence of insects, such as termites,
that quickly decay building materials.
Dense vegetation with a high canopy of trees.
Forests of pine with hardwoods in drainages.
Plants that grow quickly.
Sandy coastal soils.
Rivers that take the form of slow-running
estuaries with dark waters.
Many marshes, swamps, and other wetlands.
Abundant wildlife, from insects to alligators.
Figure of Coastal - Low Wetlands with
Pine Oak and Hemlock
Figures of Coastal pine forests and Lower Piedmont with
Hardwood Live oak and Pines.
Settled by Europeans for 400 years;
has deep historical roots.
Developed and altered landscape bisected
by roads; no forest lands are more than a
few miles from a road, and all are within a
short drive of urban areas.
Made up of an unconsolidated patchwork of
private and public lands and forest lands.
Contains a rich architectural history that
includes huts, slave cabins, and smokehouses
as well as grand lodges and the estates and
plantations of the aristocracy.
Provides timber building material.
Draws tourists to historic, as well as
Provides water for boating, fishing, and
Figures of Culturally influenced buildings such as
French Creole cottage


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What the root of evil has to do with a summer in 1971 and the untapped capacity for good.
Psychologist Philip Zimbardo is best-known for the infamous Stanford Prison Study, one of modern psychology's most unsettling experiments on human nature. (Insights from which are distilled in Zimbardo's excellent The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil — an absolutely essential text of social psychology, timeless and all the more timely in today's global atmosphere of increasing social and political unrest.)
Zimbardo's latest project, however, approaches the good/evil dichotomy of the human condition from precisely the opposite angle. The Heroic Imagination Project is an inspired nonprofit that aims to advance everyday heroism though programs designed to harness people's inherent, extraordinary and often untapped potential for good within.
At HIP, we believe everyone has the potential to transform the private virtue of compassion into the civic virtue of heroic action, and we are dedicated to helping individuals internalize and express their 'heroic imagination' in service to humanity."
In this excellent TEDU talk, Zimbardo delivers a compelling primer for the project:
If you've found your moral imagination tickled by the project, there are three ways to get involved and take action: You can take the hero pledge, take the hero challenge and/or join the HIP community on Facebook and Twitter.
via TED Blog


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Nitrogen split applications
The efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer use can be improved by monitoring leaf color at 7- to 10-day intervals with the leaf color chart (LCC) and only applying N fertilizer as needed by the crop (see LCC fact sheet).
An alternative approach to N fertilizer timing and management is presented here for cases when it is not feasible for farmers to visit their fields on 7- to 10-day intervals.
What is the N splitting pattern approach
The splitting pattern approach provides a recommendation for the total N fertilizer requirement (kg/ha) and a plan for the splitting and timing of applications in accordance with crop growth stage, cropping season, variety used, and crop establishment method. LCC can be used to adjust individual topdressings. Estimate the required total amount of fertilizer N and develop a splitting pattern. Use the LCC at critical growth stages to adjust predetermined fertilizer N rates.
How to estimate the total fertilizer N requirement
Establish minus fertilizer (–F) plots in farmers' fields (see Fact Sheet Nutrient Omission Plots). Compare yield from the –F plot, which represents the N-limited yield, to a target yield for the site, based on knowledge of attainable yield with the anticipated crop and fertilizer management. The difference between the target yield and N-limited yield represents the anticipated response of rice to N fertilizer.
Determine the total fertilizer N requirement based on a need of 40 to 50 kg N/ha per ton of anticipated response to N. As a general principle 40 kg N per ton N response is appropriate in high yielding seasons, and 50 kg N per ton response is appropriate in lower yielding seasons. A high N requirement of 60 kg N per ton response is observed at sub-optimal N management or when target yield is near potential yield providing a low N response (< 2 t/ha).
How to use the LCC in the splitting pattern approach
Use the critical LCC values given in the Fact Sheet Leaf Color Chart to adjust the amount of split N rates based on crop demand and plant N status. For example, if 30±10 kg N per ha is recommended for a certain growth stage,
- apply 40 kg N/ha, if the leaf color is below the critical value
- apply the standard rate of 30 kg N/ha if the leaf color is equal to the critical value
- postpone the fertilizer application and apply a lower rate of 20 kg N/ha if the leaf color is above the critical LCC value.
How to develop a splitting pattern
Use the tables on the right to look up splitting patterns for fertilizer N for the recommendation domain. Further adaptation to local conditions with farmers' participation may be required.


text:
ITEMS IN FPM ON TOPIC:
Clinical process improvement
The author explains how "systems thinking" can help family physicians improve their care across six dimensions: safety, timeliness, efficiency, effectiveness, equity and patient-centeredness.
The article describes how one family practice uses a "today's visit" form to help patients focus on what they really want out of the current visit, leaving them more satisfied with their care and less likely to call with follow-up questions.
In addition to providing step-by-step instructions for launching group visits, the authors lay out the rationale for group visits and how to code for them.
The article gathers best practices in tracking patients' test results to ensure they don't fall through the cracks.
This article reviews two kinds of prescription-based medication errors? distractions and distortions? and suggests simple techniques to help physicians prevent such errors.
The author, a family physician, contributes her thoughts on patient safety and error reduction as a doctor and as the daughter of a sick parent who received suboptimal care.
The article presents a patient handout, developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, that explains to patients how they can help their doctors provide better care.
Argues that most practices are shot through with errors that can be prevented -- or at least be prevented from having adverse consequences -- by systematization.
FPM's medical editor writes about research to identify sources of error in family practice.


Kirov Islands
The Kirov Islands or Sergey Kirov Islands (Russian: Острова Кирова, Ostrova Kirova or Aрхипелаг Сергея Кирова, Archipelag Sergeya Kirova) is an island group in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation. It is an archipelago of small islands covered with tundra vegetation located about 140 km from the coast of Siberia and 100 km to the northwest of the Nordenskiöld Archipelago.
Kirov Islands
Russian: Острова Кирова
Location of the island group in the Kara Sea
LocationKara Sea
Coordinates77°36′N 91°55′E
Total islands8
Major islandsIsachenko Island
Area280 km2 (110 sq mi)
Highest elevation57 m (187 ft)
Highest pointIsachenko HP
This archipelago, as well as Kirov Island, its northernmost island which is located at the northeastern end somewhat detached from the main island cluster,[1] is named after Joseph Stalin's politburo member Sergey Kirov. All islands are quite flat, mostly with sandy spits and coastal lagoons in their shores.
The group's largest island is Isachenko (Russian: Остров Исаченко),[2] named after Boris Lavrent'evich Isachenko Russian microbiologist and botanist of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. It has a surface of 180.6 km² and the highest point in the archipelago.[3] There is an experiment station (Polyarnaya Stantsiya) on Isachenko Island.
The sea surrounding the Kirov Islands is covered with pack ice with some polynias in the winter and there are many ice floes even in the summer. The strait between Isachenko and Slozhnyy Island is known as Proliv Aeros"yëmki.[4]
This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of the Russian Federation. They are also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve (Russian: Большой Арктический государственный природный заповедник), the largest nature reserve of the Russian Federation.[5]
The Kirov Archipelago is not to be confused with Kirovskiye Ostrova (Russian: Кировские Острова), a historic district of Saint Petersburg formed by a group of three coastal islands in the Gulf of Finland north of the Neva river delta.[6]
See also
 1. "Ostrov Kirova". Mapcarta. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
 2. "Ostrov Isachenko". Mapcarta. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
 3. UNEP Islands
 4. "Proliv Aeros"yëmki". Mapcarta. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
 5. Nature Reserve Archived 2007-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
 6. "Kirovskiye Ostrova". Mapcarta. Retrieved 21 September 2016.


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Yue Daiyun established the new discipline of comparative literature and comparative culture in the early 1980s when China introduced the household responsibility economic reform. As the world becomes more unstable and the global situation is getting more tense, Yue Daiyun advocates the Chinese philosophy of "cooperation and harmony" as a critique of the increasing unfairness and injustices of globalization, and to protest against unilateralism, wars and violence in the world.
Since adolescence, Professor Yue Daiyun (70) has been a liberal, has cared for grassroots communities and has participated actively in the struggle for social reforms. In the early 1950s she joined the Chinese Language Department at Beijing University as a teacher, being a distinguished young scholar and a founding member and organizer of the Chinese International Youth Peace Alliance. For 23 years she was called a "rightist," and was subjected to various kinds of social injustice and discrimination. Yet, she kept her optimism and proactive spirit, continuing to study foreign languages and show concern for society even while working as a cleaner. In the early 1980s, Yue Daiyun established the new discipline of comparative literature and comparative culture in Beijing University. Her efforts have led to comparative studies becoming the most vigorous and critical academic discipline in the China of the 1980s. It has been recognized by the State Council as one of the four principle strands of Chinese literature studies. As a result of her endeavors, comparative studies has changed the conservative and closed academic environment. More importantly, the Eurocentric comparative studies scene has been shaken, and a Chinese perspective has now been incorporated. Yue is especially concerned about globalization of economy and technology, and ways in which literature can promote diversification of culture, and communication and understanding of different cultures. She opposes cultural hegemony and annexation. As the world becomes more unstable and tense, Yue advocates the Chinese philosophy of "cooperation and harmony" as a critique of increasing injustices of globalization, and to protest against unilateralism, wars and violence.
Modern Literature and Comparative Literature of Beijing University


text:
Why is Colditz so famous?
The current situation
Description of the Castle
Getting to Colditz
About this Website
British Declaration of War
Help to support this website
Return to main Index
Post-War history and the current situation at Colditz.
After the end of the Second World War, Colditz town and Castle found themselves located in the Eastern Zone of Germany; for those readers who are too young to remember the division of Germany, it was also known as the German Democratic Republic or DDR, or simply as East Germany. This part of the country was under the rule of what was called the 'Eastern Bloc', countries under Communist control and effectively overseen by the Soviet Union.
The world-view of the ruling powers at that time [read: the Soviets] was such that they wanted to demolish both Colditz Castle and the nearby Podelwitz Castle, because they were symbols of a more 'decadent' era or some similar Communist excuse (such excuse probably also including the cliche word 'bourgeoise'). However the two castles were saved from this fate, but only because Podelwitz Castle was being used to house orphans and other homeless children, and Colditz Castle was being used as a hospital. The Castle, although still being used as a hospital, was allowed to fall into a state of general disrepair, and up until recently was actually quite dilapidated. [This lack of maintenance was not unusual in Eastern Bloc countries and evidence of this kind of neglect is still visible in parts across the former East Germany to this day]. Furthermore, Allied prisoners of war [POWs] had supposedly introduced several forms of slow damage-inducing pests into the Castle timbers, such as dry rot and woodworm; these too would have to be treated in any refurbishment project.
Nowadays, the Castle is owned and maintained by the local government of the State of Saxony - sort of like a county council in the UK. Under their aegis, part of the former Kommandantur buildings have been converted into a modern Youth Hostel, stripping out all of the former rooms and completely renovating that part of the Castle. None of the original character of the rooms has been preserved, if indeed any of the original rooms in the Youth Hostel area have been preserved at all. However, parts of the Kommandantur are still as they were during the War, especially the buildings on the South side of the outer courtyard. The external building that housed the Married Quarters during the War [at the Eastern end of the dry moat] has been demolished; this was historically important as it was the scene of both successful and unsuccessful escape attempts. Other buildings, such as the former German kitchens and store rooms in the Kommandantur courtyard, and the lower buildings which were situated along the'seam' at the south side of the inner [prisoners'] courtyard have been demolished. These were the buildings that constituted parts of the Canteen, the Evidenz Zimmer [interview room] and part of the prisoners' kitchen. Many of these buildings had to be taken down because they had become unsafe. Oddly, the Castle holds little interest for most of the local people; quite understandably, they would like to see the money spent on local facilities. This seems unfortunately to be a carry-over of attitude from that of the Eastern Bloc era, but surely the money brought in by an influx of tourists would rejuvenate Colditz's economy?
Colditz town itself is a beautiful, quiet town of great character. The locals are friendly and understanding about tourists tramping all over the place. I was surprised to note that only 15-20 percent or the people speak English; perhaps this is another legacy of the Eastern Bloc era. One of the nicest people of the local populace that I met was a council worker chap who was most helpful and spoke wonderful English, telling us that the Park was going to close at six o'clock and he didn't want us to get locked in. [Not that that event would keep the British in of course!] In any event, the town is clean and well looked-after; there is very little trouble and best of all there are no Chavs. At all. Anywhere. Not even at night. The buildings are mainly well-kept and painted nicely. However, there are a few derelict buildings too; these are houses vacated by the 2,000 or so people who have left the town over the last five years. The biggest problem is chronic unemployment, last quoted to me as being at the 40 percent level. We already have seen that the tourist industry could indeed revitalise the economy; Colditz is hardly a ghost town but it does need a bit of a boost in my opinion!
There has been, in recent years, an extensive programme of renovation in progress at the Castle, which at the time of writing is still in progress. The Castle has been re-roofed, many of the old chimneys have been removed, and the most obvious thing is that most of the buildings have been repainted in white with the corner stonework picked out in cream paint. Although the Castle no longer looks as grim as it did when it was that dirty brown colour in some of the older photos, I do appreciate that if you want a building to stay standing, you do need to repaint it every so often!
The big tragedy about the renovations, however, is the eradication of much that is of historical importance. Please allow me to explain. Most of the tourists that go to Colditz Castle are British or Commonwealth. They are there for the World War Two POW history stuff. It's almost as if, as has been said elsewhere, a part of Britain is'marooned' in Saxony. It's almost as if the British feel that they 'own' it; it's such a part of our national heritage and of our history. Because of this, and in order to maintain greater interest for British visitors, the POW-era features need to be retained in the Castle as far as possible. However, the renovation program, if it goes ahead as planned, will eradicate much of the historically important material in the interests of good intentions. I can understand what the Saxony authorities want to do, but I [and many other of my Colditz-interested friends] would like to see the preservation of the historically important areas and the opening up of more areas to controlled public viewing. For more details on the situation, see Gavin Worrell's page about the Colditz Preservation Trust here.
Recently, the access to 'extra' [normally 'off-limits'] places to visit during the guided tours has been curtailed by the Saxony authorities. Interestingly, the Castle tour guides are in something of a difficult position; although they are employed by Saxony, they understand as well as we do the sheer passion and interest that the British visitors have. They know that we would like to see more of the Castle but they are hamstrung by restrictions placed on them by Saxony. I got the distinct impression that the tour guide staff are genuinely proud of their Castle and would like nothing better than to show all the areas that we want to see. Unfortunately, at the time of my visit, the privilege of visiting the Theatre, as an 'extra' to the usual tour, had been suspended, seemingly in'reprisal' for some recent events involving British visitors, although the official line is to deny this. To me, that rings 65-year-old bells in my mind, since the Theatre was available for viewing, before that event, if you asked nicely... Anyway, it appears that access to the glider loft has also ceased - and it is clear that it is not the fault of the Tour Guides at all. However, the guided tour is still a fascinating experience and is really excellent. We got to see the Chapel, the wine cellar where the Chapel Tunnel began, and the West Terrace too. Certain rooms are always open, such as a good part of the Saalhaus [theatre block], which is open for general wandering around up to the first floor level, the Dentist's rooms and 'Prominente' cells [now with museum-style displays], and the Park is sometimes open too. Access to the Guard House is also available as that's where the escape museum is now housed.
However, the awful fact remains that we are in great danger of losing much of the irreplaceable heritage contained in Colditz Castle, which would be a colossal shame in anyone's book. This is one of the reasons I am doing this website - to raise awareness of the plight of Colditz Castle. I would suggest that if you yourself feel strongly about these issues, then please do take a look at the Colditz Preservation Society at Gavin Worrell's site. The former concentration camp at Auschwitz is, quite rightly, designated as a UN world heritage site with over 1 million visitors a year; the grounds and buildings have all been preserved for future generations. Even the remains of the gas chambers which the Nazis tried to destroy in early 1945 are still there; whereas Colditz is fighting for survival. Colditz was a symbol of the struggle against insurmountable odds agains the same evil that created Auschwitz; it is only right that this legacy too is preserved for the future.
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Most collisions are caused by driver error. Less than two
percent of collisions are the result of a mechanical problem with a
The Collision Investigation Unit is on hand to investigate any
fatal road traffic collisions or ones in which a person has
When the unit is called to a collision, they will seal off the
scene and start to investigate.
"We are trained to look for specific evidence such as tyre and
scratch marks on the road surface, but there is an abundance of
information that can be collected at the scene," explains PC Mike
Baddeley from the Collision Investigation Unit. Officers rely on
maths and physics and the laws of motion to make their calculations
and must undergo special training in these areas to join the
"The evidence is interpreted and used to reconstruct the
collision. We can often show how a vehicle was moving – was it
swerving, had the driver control of the vehicle? In addition, we
can often calculate the speeds of vehicles at the time of the
collision quite accurately"
All marks are photographed and the scene surveyed using the
latest techniques and equipment. A scale plan is produced using a
CAD software package. The plan and photographs are referred to in
the report so others can visualise the scene.
Some stored information can be extracted from the car's Engine
Control Unit which controls all sorts of systems on a modern
vehicle. This information can show what certain systems, such as
the traction control or ABS, were doing at the time of the
collision giving the Investigators more evidence for their
"Physical evidence at a scene can be a lot more helpful than eye
witnesses," Mike explained. "A collision takes only a few seconds.
It is difficult for a witness to a very traumatic event to take in
and process a lot of information in such a short period of
All this evidence is used to help prepare an unbiased report on
the circumstances and cause of the collision.
Sometimes these reports prompt the Highways Agency and local
councils to alter the layout of a road or a junction to help
prevent further collisions.
The Collision Investigation Unit attends about 200 collisions in
a year, mostly on the main roads through the county, despite
Cheshire having a very extensive motorway network the Unit only
spends about 5% of its time investigating motorway collisions.
"We compile a report for every fatal collision and a few very
serious ones. Our reports are passed to the Crown Prosecution
Service (CPS) and the Coroner. The CPS then decide whether any of
the drivers involved have committed an offence and whether they
should be prosecuted. Our evidence is pivotal in many cases." Mike
said. "Personally I hope our reports help the families of the
collision victims understand what happened and help them come to
terms with their loss."


Conservation of Energy Demonstration
based on 3 ratings
Author: Christopher Crockett
Topics: Sixth Grade, Physics
Ever notice that a conventional roller coaster never goes higher than its first hill? Roller coasters always have to end lower than where they started because of a fundamental idea called the conservation of energy—energy is never created or destroyed, it only changes forms. Put another way, you'll never end up with more energy than you start with.
In this project, you're going to explore the conservation of energy. Rather than build a roller coaster, though, you're going to use a simple pendulum as a stand-in. And, just to test your intuition, you're even going to place the safety of your nose in the hands of physics!
Problem: How high does a pendulum swing after being released?
 - Bowling ball, dumbbell, concrete block, or other large mass that can be supported by a rope
 - Rope that is strong enough to hold the mass
 - Ceiling beam, tree limb, or anything else sturdy enough to support both the rope and mass
 1. Securely tie the rope to the ceiling beam (or whatever else you're using); tie it high enough so the rope can swing freely without hitting the ground.
 2. Tie the other end to the mass. Give it a few tugs to make sure it's good and secure!
 3. Taking hold of the mass, step back until you can touch the mass to the tip of your nose while keeping the rope taut.
 4. Now for the fun part: let go of the mass! Don't push the mass, just let it go!
 5. Stand perfectly still while the mass swings away and starts to swing back towards you. Did you need to jump out of the way? Did it touch your nose again? Roughly how close did it come to your face?
 6. Let it swing back and forth half a dozen times or so. Notice how close it comes to your face each time. What changes do you notice? Does the distance to your face stay the same? Does it change?
*Note: If you really don't trust physics just yet, replace yourself with a vase, a book, even a wall. Once you've tried it a couple of times with something else, try jumping in and seeing if you can keep yourself from flinching!
Assuming you don't add any acceleration to the ball and keep perfectly still, the mass will not touch your face. With every swing, it will get farther and farther away. Eventually, it will just stop.
When you release the weight, it has all the energy it's going to have. Specifically, it's loaded up with a form of energy called potential energy, or stored energy. As soon as you let go, gravity pulls the weight down and the potential energy starts converting to another type called kinetic energy, the energy of motion. At the bottom of the swing, all potential energy is fully transformed into kinetic energy. As it climbs up the other side, the kinetic energy starts changing back into potential energy. This repeats over and over: potential turns to kinetic, kinetic turns to potential.
But the transformation between potential and kinetic energy isn't perfect. Friction from the air and the rope steals some of the energy during every swing. That energy goes into heating up—very slightly—the air, the rope, and the support beam. When the weight is coming back to your face, it has less energy than it started with and can't climb as high. Your nose is perfectly safe!
That's why it's important not to push the ball away. When you do that, you're adding more energy to the pendulum. If you add more energy than friction takes away, it can climb higher than its starting point and…whack!
The conservation of energy is also why roller coasters can't go higher than their starting point. After being dragged up the first hill, they have all the energy they're going to have—just like the weight right before you let go. Every hill after that has to be lower because it doesn't have enough energy to go higher. The only way around that is to carry it up another hill and let go again; the same thing will happen if you catch the bowling ball in mid-swing and pull it back up to your nose.
Going Further
Try releasing the weight from different heights and see if that has any effect. Try releasing it with a push and see what happens—though don't use your nose for that test. Put something else in the way that can be easily knocked over without breaking (a book standing up on the edge of a table, for example). What happens now? If the conservation of energy is true, where does the energy come from that lets the mass climb higher?
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drug commonly used to treat depression and anxiety may improve a stress-related heart condition in people with stable coronary heart disease, according to researchers at Duke Medicine.
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Australian scientists have charted the path of insulin action in cells in precise detail like never before. This provides a comprehensive blueprint for understanding what goes wrong in diabetes.
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view is that this finding will be a valuable building-block in helping to direct a cancer-education message that will get people to engage in efforts that could be helpful in the long-run."
A second study, also published in the August issue of Cancer, further explored the potential benefits of melanoma education interventions.
A team of Australian researchers found that men over the age of 50 are more likely to get screened for the disease if they are fully informed about major risk factors and are encouraged by their doctor.
The authors, led by Joanne Aitken of the Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control at the Queensland Cancer Fund in Brisbane, focused on the screening habits of 3,355 men over the age of 50 who were exposed to a melanoma education effort targeted at people over the age of 30.
Although the intervention boosted screening generally, clinic data revealed that the strongest rise occurred among men over 50.
Aitken and her colleagues noted that among males 50 and over, self-exams doubled by the end of the program, while physician-led screenings increased four-fold.
Phone surveys revealed that the screening increases among the men were linked to a better recognition of their own risk factors, a more positive outlook on screening, and concern over an existing mole or having undergone a prior removal of a mole.
Increased awareness is important among this group, the researchers said, because men over 50 currently account for almost half of all melanoma deaths in developed countries.
By Alan Mozes, HealthDay News, July 12, 2006


A study of the selfie phenomenon
The project investigates the seemingly mundane topic of selfies with a mix of techniques, ranging from theory over quantitive analysis to visualization and artistic expression. In this highly interdisciplinary project, I had the creative lead for design, data visualization and data analysis.
Produced in collaboration with Lev Manovich, Dominikus Baur, Daniel Goddemeyer, Daniel Mehrdad et al.
Exploring selfies as a cultural phenomenon
Selfiecity investigates how people photograph themselves with mobile phones in five cities around the world. The project analyzes 3200 Instagram selfies shared in New York, Moscow, Berlin, Bangkok, and Sao Paulo (640 from each city).
Selfies were already subject of many discussions in popular media. However, if we simply scan images tagged as selfie on Instagram, or observe people around us taking self-portraits, it's hard to quantify patterns, or systematically compare selfies from multiple cities taken by people who differ in age and gender. Are all selfies taken by young people? Do men take many selfies? Are we all trying to copy celebrities in choosing how we represent ourselves? Are there any significant differences between selfies shared in New York and Moscow, or Berlin and Bangkok? Selfiecity is the first project which investigates such questions systematically, using carefully assembled large sample of selfies photos and tools of statistics, data science and data visualization.
The selfexploratory
The interactive selfiexploratory allows you to navigate the whole set of 3200 photos from five cities from around the world.
Rich media visualizations (imageplots) assemble thousands of photos to reveal interesting patterns.
We also present new findings about the demographics of people taking selfies, their poses and expressions.
Video montages
Video montages assemble hundreds of images into a dynamic, morphing "aggregate city face".
Read a few more of my thoughts on the projects over at well-formed data


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Browse on keywords: fertility nitrogen water use
Search results on 01/21/18
1608. Doneen, L.D.. 1934. Nitrogen in relation to composition, growth and yield of wheat.. WA Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. #296.
On soil with adequate N, adding sodium nitrate retarded wheat growth. The carbohydrate - N ratio of plant tissue was not affected by fertilizer treatment or variety. Under extreme conditions (e.g. variations in N or moisture) there were considerable differences in varietal adaptations. The addition of N after normal tillering caused production of new tillers and increased yields. Fall fertilization led to higher water use and spring moisture deficit. T: many tables. e.g.: Composition of total sugar, non-coagulate nitrogen, amino N, and nitrate on wheat grown under various soil treatments. Yield of grain and straw of wheat treated with sodium N. N removed from soil by grain and straw of wheat treated with different amounts of sodium N/ac. Yield of grain and straw of wheat treated with 500 lb. sodium N/ac.
7850. Koala, S.. 1982. Adaptation of Australian ley farming to Montana dryland cereal production.. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Plant and Soil Sci., Montana St. Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717.
This study examined the potential to adapt the ley farming system used in Australia to dryland cereal production in Montana. The ley system alternates a grain crop with a self-seeding forage legume. The legumes tested in this study included 5 Australian medics, 7 subclovers, 2 lupins, fababean, and a native Montana black medic. One full cycle of the system was completed. All grain yields (spring wheat) were higher after the legumes than after fallow. Soil water to 120 cm was similar in all plots at wheat planting. The black medic treatment had the highest water use efficiency (100 kg grain/cm) and fallow the lowest (55 kg grain/cm). There were higher levels of soil nitrate after the legumes than after fallow. Re-establishment of the legumes after wheat ranged from 3 to 93% ground cover, with black medic being the highest. Overall, black medic from Montana performed best in this study.


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virt-format(1) Virtualization Support virt-format(1)
virt-format - Erase and make a blank disk
 virt-format [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img...]
Virt-format takes an existing disk file (or it can be a host partition, LV etc), erases all data on it, and formats it as a blank disk. It can optionally create partition tables, empty filesystems, logical volumes and more.
To create a disk containing data, you may be better to use virt-make-fs(1). If you are creating a blank disk to use in guestfish(1), you should instead use the guestfish -N option.
Normal usage would be something like this:
 virt-format -a disk.qcow
or this:
 virt-format -a /dev/VG/LV
disk.qcow or /dev/VG/LV must exist already. Any data on these disks will be erased by these commands. These commands will create a single empty partition covering the whole disk, with no filesystem inside it.
Additional parameters can be used to control the creation of partitions, filesystems, etc. The most commonly used options are:
Create an empty filesystem ("ext3", "ntfs" etc) inside the partition.
Create a Linux LVM2 logical volume on the disk. When used with --filesystem, the filesystem is created inside the LV.
For more information about these and other options, see "OPTIONS" below.
The format of the disk is normally auto-detected, but you can also force it by using the --format option (q.v.). In situations where you do not trust the existing content of the disk, then it is advisable to use this option to avoid possible exploits.
Display brief help.
-a file
--add file
Add file, a disk image, host partition, LV, external USB disk, etc.
Any existing data on the disk is erased.
-a URI
--add URI
This parameter sets the sector size of the disk image. It affects all explicitly added subsequent disks after this parameter. Using --blocksize with no argument switches the disk sector size to the default value which is usually 512 bytes. See also "guestfs_add_drive_opts" in guestfs(3).
Create an empty filesystem of the specified type. Many filesystem types are supported by libguestfs.
Create no filesystem. This is the default.
For example:
 virt-format --format=raw -a disk.img
forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img.
 virt-format --format=raw -a disk.img --format -a another.img
Set the filesystem label.
Create a Linux LVM2 logical volume called /dev/VG/LV. You can change the name of the volume group and logical volume.
Create a Linux LVM2 logical volume with the default name (/dev/VG/LV).
Create no logical volume. This is the default.
Create either an MBR or GPT partition covering the whole disk. MBR is chosen if the disk size is < 2 TB, GPT if ≥ 2 TB.
This is the default.
Create a GPT partition.
Create an MBR partition.
Create no partition table. Note that Windows may not be able to see these disks.
Enable verbose messages for debugging.
Display version number and exit.
Normally virt-format does not wipe data from the disk (because that takes a long time). Thus if there is data on the disk, it is only hidden and partially overwritten by virt-format, and it might be recovered by disk editing tools.
If you use this option, virt-format writes zeroes over the whole disk so that previous data is not recoverable.
Enable tracing of libguestfs API calls.
This program returns 0 on success, or 1 on failure.
guestfs(3), guestfish(1), virt-filesystems(1), virt-make-fs(1), virt-rescue(1), virt-resize(1),
Richard W.M. Jones
Copyright (C) 2012 Red Hat Inc.
To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link:
When reporting a bug, please supply:
 - The version of libguestfs.
2020-03-09 libguestfs-1.42.0


text:
Surprisingly, the maximum intensity one can obtain from a light source does not depend on the distance to the light source nor on the distance between the light source and the imaging equipment. Instead, it depends on the distance between the imaging equipment and the object being heated (assuming that the imaging system is designed to be the best possible for these distances). What you want to do is "refract as close as possible" to the object being heated.
By thermodynamics, it's not possible for the light emitted by an object to heat up another that is already hotter than the first. For example, this means that we can't use an imaging system (or a non imaging power concentrating system such as a collection of mirrors) to use sunlight to heat a spot on the earth to a temperature higher than that of the sun.
So when you use an imaging system to magnify the effect of the sun, you do not get an image that is hotter than the sun. The best you can do is to make the image of the sun appear larger. And indeed, this is what a magnifying glass does. If you look through one (from the distance appropriate to frying an ant), you will see that objects in the direction of the image appear larger than they actually are. So when you apply a magnifying glass to an ant, what the ant sees is that the sun has increased in size.
The best you can do is to make the sun appear over all the sky, plus, with a mirror, to appear in the direction of the ground as well. Alternatively, you can arrange for the bottom side of the ant to be an insulator. (Uh, even concrete is a pretty good insulator if you try this at home.) This will heat the ant up until it approaches the temperature of the sun (with optimum optics and insulation). At that time the ant will radiate as much heat back to the sun as the sun radiates to the ant. And so the heat flows will balance and the ant will cease heating up. (All this assumes black body type radiation which is generally an okay approximation for this sort of thing.)


mother is inherited, but it is not identical to her. Normal eggs of the mother become fertilised, without sperm, and development proceeds normally. This occurs naturally in several species and may be induced in others through a chemical or electrical stimulus. In 2004, Japanese researchers led by Tomohiro Kono succeeded after 457 attempts to merge the ovums of two mice, the result of which developed normally into a mouse. This was achieved by blocking certain proteins that would normally prevent the possibility.[3][4]
See also
Notes and references
 1. ^ Friedman, W. E. & J. H. Williams (2003). Modularity of the angiosperm female gametophyte and its bearing on the early evolution of endosperm in flowering plants. Evolution 57 (2): 216-30.
 3. ^ The End of Males? Mouse Made to Reproduce Without Sperm
 4. ^ Mice created without fathers
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Fertilisation". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.


Question: Is Debt A Debenture?
What is Debenture simple words?
Both corporations and governments frequently issue debentures to raise capital or funds..
What is the purpose of a debenture?
A debenture is a loan agreement in writing between a borrower and a lender that is registered at Companies House. It gives the lender security over the borrower's assets. Typically, a debenture is used by a bank, factoring company or invoice discounter to take security for their loans.
Why do companies issue debentures?
Why do company issue debentures, when they can borrow money from Bank. … When bank lend money they generally place restriction on how that money can be used. exborrowed fund can be used only for capital expenditure or they limit companies ability to raise additional funds till this loan is repaid. etc.
Are debentures high risk?
What some investors don't realise is that, unlike fixed-term deposits that carry virtually no risk, debentures come with a high level of risk. Unfortunately, there's no such thing as a free lunch with fixed interest securities such as debentures. The market is quite efficient at pricing a risk premium into the return.
Is debenture a long term debt?
What is an example of a debenture?
Is a debenture an asset?
The debenture is sometimes called a 'floating charge debenture' and includes all company assets. … The debenture secures the assets for the lender should the company fail and in liquidation, the charge becomes 'fixed' on the asset's value at that point in time.
Are debentures current liabilities?
Noncurrent liabilities include debentures, long-term loans, bonds payable, deferred tax liabilities, long-term lease obligations, and pension benefit obligations. The portion of a bond liability that will not be paid within the upcoming year is classified as a noncurrent liability.
What are the advantages of issuing debentures?
The following are the advantages of debentures:Secured investments. Debentures provide greatest security to the investors. … Fixed return. Debentures guarantee a fixed rate of interest.Stable prices. … Non-interference in management. … Economical. … Availability of funds. … Regular source of income.
How do I buy debentures?
Do debentures pay dividends?
SharesDebenturesPayment of returnDividends can be paid to the shareholders out of profits earned by the company.Interest can be paid to the debenture holders, regardless of if the company has earned profits.Voting rightsShareholders possess voting rights.Debenture holders possess any right for voting.12 more rows
How do you cash a debenture?
Debenture can be redeemed in various ways by a company. It can pay a lump sum on the date of maturity or may pay in annual installments. A company can also purchase it from the open market or convert to an equity share in case of convertible debentures. Innovative ways like call or put option can also be utilized.
How do debentures work?
Put simply, a debenture is the document that grants lenders a charge over a borrower's assets, giving them a means of collecting debt if the borrower defaults. Debentures are commonly used by traditional lenders, such as banks, when providing high-value funding to larger companies.
How many types of debentures are there?
What is a floating debenture?
With a floating debenture, the company would still be able to produce its products, use its inventory, and sell its stock even though the inventory was signed over to the creditor. The company would regain control over its inventory with the full repayment of the note.
What happens if current ratio is too high?
The current ratio is an indication of a firm's liquidity. … If the company's current ratio is too high it may indicate that the company is not efficiently using its current assets or its short-term financing facilities. If current liabilities exceed current assets the current ratio will be less than 1.
What is the difference between loan and debenture?
In debenture, the public lends its money to the company in return for a certificate promising a fixed rate of interest. In loans, the lending institutions are banks and other financial institutions.
Are debentures safe?
After paying interest for some years, the company regularly defaulted in meeting its obligation towards the debenture-holders. … Hence, the moral of the story is that, an investor should not be misled by the fact that when a debenture is secured against the assets of the company means it is a safe and secure investment.
What are liabilities examples?
Examples of liabilities are – Bank debt. Mortgage debt. Money owed to suppliers (accounts payable) Wages owed. Taxes owed.
Can loan be converted into debentures?
Sub-section (3) of section 62 under the companies act 2013 states that "Nothing in this section shall apply to the increase of the subscribed capital of a company caused by the exercise of an option as a term attached to the debentures issued or loan raised by the company to convert such debentures or loans into shares …
Where are debentures shown in balance sheet?
Liabilities are shown on the balance sheet as either current liabilities or long-term liabilities. Long-term liabilities are debts that are not required to be repaid within one year. Because debenture bonds fall into this category, they are placed on the balance sheet in the long-term liabilities section.


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Universitaires de France, 1952. (FHL book EUROPE REF 020.5 Ar25 v. 38.)
In addition, you can find a complete list of archives and their hours, services, and fees on the Internet. For more information about useful Internet sites, see the "Computer Networks and Bulletin Boards" portion of Italy Archives and Libraries.
You may also find archive inventories that describe the record keeping systems and available civil registration records in Italy. These and other guides are found in the Family History Library Catalog under:
ITALYARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES
ITALY, [PROVINCE]- ARCHIVES AND LIBRARIES
After you have determined what office has jurisdiction over the records you need, write a brief request to the proper office. Send the following:
- Cashier's check or international money order (in local currency) or the search fee.
- Full name and the sex of the person sought.
- Names of the parents, if known.
- Approximate date and place of the event.
- Your relationship to the person.
- Reason for the request (family history or medical).
- Request for a complete extract of the record
- International reply coupon, available from large post offices (optional).
If your request is unsuccessful, search for duplicate records that may have been filed in other archives or church registers.
- Italian Genealogy
- Italian Vital Records($)
- Birth Records, Marriage Records & Military Records for Italian Citizenship - My Italian Family($)
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