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The Basics of Zeolite is a naturally occurring material found in many countries around the world, as well as Australia in Northern New South Wales. It is very low in nutrients but contains some Potassium, a small amount of Calcium and is known to have a very high Cation Exchange Capacity (see Did You Know section below). A high grade more pure form can be made in a laboratory for such uses as cleaning air supplies for pilots. This is termed a medical – grade oxygen.
Is Zeolite readily available?
Zeolite is mined, ground up, then bagged for sale as a natural garden additive. Because it is a natural product not all deposits have the same range of purity, so the quality is reflected in the price.
What is Zeolite used for?
Zeolite has many uses apart from Horticulture and general gardening. It is also used in many every day products some of which include:
- Kitty litter where it is super absorbent as well as holding odours so it acts as a deodorant in the non-clumping form
- Pool filters instead of sand to collect pollutants
- Water purifiers removes toxic wastes from water & fly ash
- Nuclear Absorbent used with the Fukushima Disaster
- Odour neutraliser removes odours and freshens air (e.g. under chicken pens)
- Vermaculture (Worm farming) absorbs heavy metals, and stabilises the pH level
- Washing Powder and Detergents. This is the largest single use for Zeolite
- Cement as an additive – to make it easier to work with
Zeolite is used to absorb and hold nutrients and water but allows plant roots to absorb the dissolved nutrients from the Zeolite for their growth.
How Zeolite is used in Horticulture:
- Turf – Zeolite is mixed with the soil before any turf is laid at the rate of 250 -750 grams per meter of soil. For existing lawn, the Zeolite is applied after the lawn has been aerated, and is often mixed with fertiliser and/or sand at 250 to 1kg per square metre of soil.
- Garden beds – Zeolite is generally mixed into the top 10-15 cms of soil together with any organic manure or other fertiliser to improve water holding capacity and nutrient retention.
- Planting – Zeolite can be put into the bottom of the hole, mixed with the soil then the new plant installed
- Compost heaps – Zeolite can be used to control the leaching out of Nitrogen by absorbing Ammonia which it then converts to Nitrogen delivering nutrition to plants on demand. It is in this process that Zeolite acts as an odour reduction agent or absorber
- Mulch – Zeolite is normally used to retain moisture and nutrients. It can minimise splashing of fungal spores onto plant foliage from the bare soil. This helps with reducing plant root rot from Fungi like Phytophora spp
- Potting mix – Zeolite reduces the added amount of fertiliser required (especially Nitrogen) because it retains nutrients that would otherwise be lost through the leaching process.
*When Zeolite is used in Horticulture it is primarily from a natural source so it is generally accepted as an organic material for the certification process.
- Commonly used for Bonsai Tree potting mix.
Health and Safety
Zeolite is not toxic in itself; it is the milling process turning it into a fine texture that the user needs to be aware of. It is recommended that a mask be used to stop it entering the mouth and lungs which may cause irritation.
Some people have been know to ingest Zeolite to soak up Alcohol after a big night of drinking. Supposedly you don't get a hangover.
Today's Did You Know…?
There are seven cations in the Cation Exchange Capacity. These are positively charged particles that measure and influence the soils ability to hold on to essential nutrients.
- Hydrogen (H)
- Aluminium (Al)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Potassium (K)
- Ammonia (NH4)
- Sodium (Na)
How the Cation Exchange Works
The Cations (positively charged nutrients) are attracted to Colloids (negatively charged particles) of soils and other material. These colloids are basically a food storage facility for nutrients that plants can access when they are released (or exchanged) into the soil water. These cations (nutrients) in solution are now available for the plant to use. The ability of each particle (colloid) to hold cations (nutrients) is limited by the number of negative charges they hold on their surface.
"If there is a concentration of one particular Cation in the soil water, those cations will force other cations off the colloid and take their place.
The stronger the colloid's negative charge, the greater its capacity to hold and exchange cations, hence the term Cation exchange capacity (CEC)."
Zeolite has a very large Cation Exchange Capacity Go to _URL_ for more information


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A people's literature is the great textbook for real knowledge of them. The writings of the day show the quality of the people as no historical reconstruction can.
Edith Hamilton (August 12, 1867 - May 31, 1963) was a classicist and educator before she became a writer on mythology. Her most famous books are The Greek Way (1930) and Mythology (1942). Mythology remains in print after six decades and is still used as in introductory text to mythology in high schools and colleges; a mark of its status is that study guides to the book exist.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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February 9, 2013 to May 27, 2013
Inspired by the RACE: Are we so different? traveling exhibition coming to the U-M Museum of Natural History from February 9 – May 27, 2013, the Understanding Race Project is engaging three overlapping audiences in an exploration of race: campus, community, and K-12 schools.
From January through April, the Winter 2013 Understanding Race LSA Theme Semester will engage the U-M campus in courses, exhibits, discussions, performances, films, and more. Most events will be free and open to the public. Principles and goals include an understanding of race as a social construct and an exploration of the intersections of race with other identities.
Coordinating units (units represented by the five co-chairs) include:
Department of Afroamerican and African Studies, Ginsberg Center, Museum of Natural History, Program on Intergroup Relations, and School of Social Work.
Generous funding was provided by:
College of Literature, Science, and the Arts; Senior Vice Provost for Academic Affairs; Museum of Natural History; LSA Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education; MetLife Foundation; Department of Afroamerican and African Studies; Institute for the Humanities; Division of Student Affairs; Center for the Education of Women; Author's Forum; Ann Arbor Convention and Visitors Bureau; Center for Engineering Diversity and Outreach; Ginsberg Center; Program on Intergroup Relations; Andrea and David Scott; Department of English; Department of Anthropology; and Department of Sociology.
All ten school districts in Washtenaw County are participating by sending students to see the RACE exhibit, following on a "train the trainer" series to help teacher discuss race with their students before and after their visits.
Generous funding and strategic partnership was provided by the Ann Arbor Area Community Foundation, National Center for Institutional Diversity, U-M Diversity Council, Washtenaw Intermediate School District, Ann Arbor Public Schools, and James A. & Faith Knight Foundation.
To date, more than 500 people have participated in monthly, facilitated Community Conversations since January 2012. Community Conversations will continue through June 2013.
All are welcome.
The National Center for Institutional Diversity is a major funder and strategic partner.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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February 1961 | Volume 12, Issue 2
At the turn of the century, in 1799 and 1800. Birch and his son Thomas issued a series of engraved views of Philadelphia that provide a remarkable record of the most attractive and the most enterprising of eighteenth-century American cities. At the time the Birches pictured it, the junction of Second and High streets (left) marked the heart of Philadelphia. Distances from the city to other places were measured from this intersection. In another view (above) they recorded the procession commemorating the death of Washington as it passed by the country market place on High Street. The Arch Street Ferry is shown below. In 1797 more than 1,400 vessels berthed at bustling Philadelphia.


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What influences a child to choose a career on the family farm, and when is that decision made? A new University of Illinois study of pre-teen farm youth suggests that the foundations for this life choice are set early and that maternal influence, rather than paternal expectations, may be key.
Although previous studies have focused on high-school-aged youth, Angela Wiley's training in child development led her to believe farm kids would be influenced toward or against farming earlier than that. "Research implies that an important life decision such as this would be rooted in the early activities, education, and relationships of farm children," she says.
Wiley, an assistant professor in human development and family studies, surveyed 40 farm children aged 10 to 13 and also interviewed their parents. She found that children who did more work at home were more likely to plan to farm, that mothers had more influence than fathers on farm children's future plans, and that perceptions of parental worry over the family farm's future also affected children.
"Mothers have a strong influence on farm children. It may be that children, as they work around the house, have more opportunity to take in their mother's attitudes toward farming. If she is positive about farming as a career choice and a lifestyle, it may affect the child's later decision," Wiley says.
Although farm parents were careful to keep anxiety about the farm operation from their children, Wiley's respondents picked up on it anyway. If they believed their parents were worried about the farm, there was a "let-me-make-it-better" effect, says Wiley, that led the children to plan to continue in the family business.
"They seem to have taken on a sense of responsibility from an early age that this is a family endeavor and I need to do my part," Wiley says. "Their plans to farm later may be an attempt to ease their parents' worries and to ensure the continuance of the family enterprise."
Wiley says parents are finding time to talk and be with their children. And this investment is likely to pay off in the future not only in terms of children's development and adjustment, but also in terms of the viability of family farms, she concludes.


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Did you know that driving at 70 km/h in a 60-km/h zone puts a driver at greater risk for a collision involving injury than does driving with a blood alcohol level of.08 g/100ml? The evidence says that the relative risk is 4.2 for the first practice (70 km/h in a 60-km/h zone), compared to 3.2 for the other (.08% alcohol). (Road Speed, p. 13)
In this document you will find a substantial review of the evidence on speeding. Besides presenting data such as those found above, the document points out that we must consider the phenomenon of road speed within a social context. Despite the disturbing realities about speeding, it is seen as a relatively minor type of offense, not comparable ot other, more serious illegal behavour. In addition, it is not just the less frequent instances of extreme speeding which pose a problem. The more common form of road speed (such as travelling at 70 km/h in a 60 zone) is shown to be a significant risk.
This scientific review, produced by the Direction développement des individus et des communautés of the INSPQ (the Institut national de santé publique du Québec - Quebec's public health institute), sets out to:
- Show the dangers to the public caused by road speed, including injuries, pollution, and less pedestrian and cyclist-friendly public spaces;
- Show how road speed reduces drivers' ability to avoid collisions;
- Review the current scientific evidence for the effectiveness of various measures aimed at reducing speed; and
- Develop a set of principles and recommendations for how to reduce road speed in the shorter and longer terms, based on the evidence.
As part of our mandate, the NCCHPP has translated this scientific review into English, so that it may become a resource for a broader group across Canada and internationally.


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Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
The following are external websites that provide useful information and resources about HIAs.
Tools, Data, and Assessment Resources
- Amherst H. Wilder Foundation - Minnesota Compassa href="/divs/hpcd/tracking/hia/hia.html">
Minnesota Compass measures progress in Minnesota, tracking trends in topic areas such as education, economy and workforce, health, housing, public safety, and a host of others.
- Census Reporter
As a Knight News Challenge-funded project, this site uses information from the U.S. Census Bureau to provide a user-friendly interface for navigating data.
- Design for Health (DFH) - Tools, Research, and Resources
DFH bridges the gap between the emerging research base on community design and healthy living and local government planning. One of its four primary avenues is to provide evidence-based tools for conducting HIAs.
- Minnesota Tracking Program - HIA Data User Guide
This guide provides step-by-step instructions about how to access and use data from the Minnesota Tracking Program to conduct a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) using the Data Access Portal.
- U.S. Department of Transportation and Centers for Disease Prevention and Control - Transportation and Health Tool
The Transportation and Health Tool was developed to provide easy access to data that practitioners can use to examine the health impacts of transportation systems.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Community-Focused Exposure and Risk Screening Tool (C-FERST)
C-FERST is being developed as a community mapping, information access tool to help inform community assessments and decision-making.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJSCREEN)
EJSCREEN is based on nationally consistent data and an approach that combines environmental and demographic indicators in maps and reports.
Guides, Reports, and Supporting Organizations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Healthy Places - Health Impact Assessment
The CDC HIA resources include a Parks and Trails HIA Toolkit, Transportation HIA Toolkit, and focused issue areas on: Injury, Mental Health, Physical Activity, Respiratory Health, Social Capital, and Water Quality.
Community Participation in Health Impact Assessments: A National Evaluation
Human Impact Partners and the Center for Community Health and Evaluation partnered to find out how community members participate in HIAs and what outcomes this participation leads to. Released in January 2016, this report offers new insights related to community participation in the U.S.-based HIA practice.
- Health Impact Project
The Health Impact Project, a collaboration of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts, is a national initiative designed to promote the use of health impact assessments (HIAs) as a decision-making tool for policymakers.
- Human Impact Partners (HIP)
HIP works in partnership with communities, public health and academic experts to build capacity to conduct HIAs and strives to create a world in which health is considered in all decision-making.
- Promoting Equity through the Practice of Health Impact Assessment
This report co-authored by PolicyLink and three partner organizations is a tool for advancing health equity in your community through health impact assessment.
- Stakeholder Engagement Tools and Materials
This resource list is meant to help minimize this risk by providing a list of stakeholder engagement tools and materials for easy reference. The listed tools and materials are useful to any HIA practitioner involved in stakeholder engagement activities.
- The Society of Practitioners of Health Impact Assessments (SOPHIA)
SOPHIA is an organization serving the needs of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) practitioners in North America and worldwide. SOPHIA aims to provide leadership and promote excellence in the practice of HIA.
- UCLA Health Impact Assessment Clearinghouse
The Learning and Information Center provides information on completed HIAs, methods and resources, training and other topics to support a better understanding of HIA.
- World Health Organization (WHO)
The WHO works to promote health across all sectors of activity. Explore the vast resources this website provides to learn about the global importance of conducting HIAs.


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Where can I get the latest Intel® Network Drivers?
Intel Network Drivers are available through:
Intel® Device Update Utility
What do the numbers and letters on the bar code label on Intel adapters mean?
The markings vary depending on the model and age of the adapter. Here is a general guide:
- 6 digits - 3 digits (example 761767-003) - Adapter printed board assembly number. The first six digits (alpha or alpha-numeric) identify the product. The 3 digits following represent minor revisions that have no effect on functionality and can be ignored.
- 12 characters (example 0007E90018EA) - MAC address, also known as the Ethernet ID. This address is stored on the card. Every network adapter has a unique MAC address. The unique number identifies the adapter on the network.
- 5 digits (example 36013) - Manufacturing code used by Intel for internal tracking purposes.
||6 digit - 3 digit codes in other locations represent individual component part numbers and should be ignored when identifying the adapter. These codes can be on the metal bracket and the MP and PB numbers are silk-screened onto the board, |
Does the adapter have a BIOS, and should I update the firmware?
Intel® PRO/100 adapters do not have a BIOS of any kind. The firmware stored in the flash chip on the adapter is the Intel® Boot Agent. The Intel Boot Agent is used to remote boot the computer in diskless workstations (that boot the OS from a server, not a local disk drive), or in conjunction with network management programs that use the PXE protocol to download service modules before the OS boots. If you are not using the Intel Boot Agent, you can ignore it or turn it off.
How can I stop the Boot Agent Message from showing up when I boot?
To prevent the Boot Agent from trying to remote boot your computer, enter your computer BIOS setup and find the boot order settings (sometimes called the Boot Device Priority). If your computer supports the automatic detection of bootable devices, the Intel Boot Agent is listed, or IBA will display followed by the revision number. Move the Intel Boot Agent down in the order past the hard drive.
If the Intel Boot Agent is not listed in the BIOS boot order setting, you can change the setting in the Boot Agent configuration menu. When the Intel Boot Agent message displays on the screen during boot-up, press the Control key and the letter S at the same time. Change the Boot Order on that screen.
You can turn off the boot agent entirely by using the IBAUTIL utility. This utility is supplied in the Boot Agent download, and in the archive PROUTIL.
This applies to:


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Learn about 5 Best Castile Soap Uses & Benefits in the garden as it's completely non-toxic, environment-friendly and biodegradable. Plus, it's not expensive!
What is Castile Soap?
Castile soap has many benefits, and it's very popular among environmentally conscious people, but do you know there are castile soap uses in the garden? It's made from vegetable oils only and NO added animal fats. Also being completely biodegradable it won't harm the ecosystem. It's available in the bar and liquid form, but you should buy liquid castile soap when using it in the garden.
Also Read: Hydrogen Peroxide Uses in Garden
1. Insecticidal Soap Spray
Commercial pesticides and insecticides are the best way to get rid of pesky pests and insects. However, they not only kill harmful pests but also damage the environment and don't forget they're harmful to human. Castile soap offers a great solution to this problem. It's natural, biodegradable, safe for plants and inexpensive.
Also Read: How to Make Insecticidal Soap
How to Use:
- For heavy infestation, use one tablespoon of castile soap. Whereas for light infestation, even half tablespoon will do. Make the solution of castile soap by mixing it in a quart of water.
- If you want the castile soap solution to stick to the leaves for a longer duration, add two tablespoons of any cooking oil in this solution. Pour this solution in a spray bottle and spray it directly over the pests.
- Make sure to leave beneficial insects alone as it'll kill them too. Spray on both top and underside of the leaves, leaving nothing unsprayed. Reapply the spray weekly till you get rid of all the pests.
2. Get Rid of Powdery Mildew
This fungal disease is quite common, and it affects the plants by leeching away the nutrients and blocking sunlight. Not only that but the spores carried off by the wind soon, which infect other plants too! You can take help of castile soap to remove powdery mildew, which offers a chemical-free organic solution.
How to Use:
- Take two tablespoons of baking soda, five tablespoons of vegetable oil in a container and pour two gallons of water.
- Mix all the ingredients and add one teaspoon of pure Castile soap to the solution. Pour this solution in a sprayer and shake it well.
- Before spraying the solution, spray the affected plants with a steady and strong stream of water using a garden hose. The spores will loosen up and make the solution work even more effectively.
- Spray the whole plant with Castile soap solution that includes both tops and underside of leaves, stems, and vines. You can also cover up the soil at the base of the plant and nearby plants with this solution just to be on the safer side.
Also Read: How to Get Rid of Mealybugs
3. Cleaning Fruits and Vegetables
Growing veggies and fruits in your own garden is a great way to ensure that the quality is not compromised. But all your effort may go in vain if you don't wash the fruits and vegetables properly. The residue of the fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides stays for a long time and is composed of chemicals. Also, the accumulation of dust and dirt on fruits and veggies also makes it unedible. You can get rid of any such buildup on the surface by washing off the fruits and vegetables with castile soap solution.
How to Use:
- The process of making the solution is straightforward. Simply mix one tablespoon of castile soap two cups of water.
- You can store this solution into any spray bottle and keep it nearby the kitchen counter.
- Spray the mature fruits and veggies with this solution after plucking or harvesting them.
- Make sure to wash them thoroughly with plain water after spraying with castile soap solution.
NOTE: Soaking the fruits and veggies for a couple of minutes in the castile soap solution will also work.
Also Read: DIY Foot Washing Hack For Gardeners
4. Cleaning Garden Tools
Gardening tools make gardening easier. Be it shears, spade, shovel, rake or any other they all come in handy. So it makes sense to properly clean and sterilize them after usage as contaminated and unclean tools not only spread plant diseases but are also prone to rust.
How to Use:
- Add two to three tablespoons of castile soap into one quart of water.
- Mix this solution thoroughly and pour it in a spray bottle.
- Spray the solution all over your tools and wipe them up with the rag or towel. You can also use a scrub brush to soiled tools.
Also Read: Amazing Listerine Uses In Garden
5. Washing the Pots
Pots or containers don't come cheap, especially when they are well designed and made from some expensive material. The good thing is that you can reuse these pots after giving them a thorough rinse. The rinse makes sure that any buildup or contamination from the previous potting soil doesn't affect the new plant. It also makes the pot clean and shiny as new.
How to Use:
- The washing off with castile soap part comes at the end. First, you need to soak the pot in a solution of vinegar and water.
- Take a large sized bucket or container and fill it with water. Pour a cup of white vinegar for every six cups of water.
- Soak the pot in this solution for around half an hour. Turn the pot if it doesn't get fully submerged after 15-20 minutes.
- The final step is washing the pot with castile soap and water and wiping it with a clean cloth.
Also Read: Amazing Garlic Uses in Garden


Pricey Handbags and Helpful Behavior Don't Mix
Brand-name luxury outlets provide visual reminders of materialistic values, decreasing pedestrians' inclination to help strangers.
By Tom Jacobs
(Photo: deepwarren/Flickr)
Are you the sort of person who will come to the aid of a struggling stranger?
The answer may depend on the specific shops lining the street where the two of you meet.
Newly published research finds customers emerging from prestigious, luxury-brand stores in Paris were less likely than passersby to provide urgent requested assistance. While that news may confirm stereotypes about the self-involved one percent, a second finding suggests a more subtle psychological effect.
The researchers report pedestrians who were approached near such famous-brand outlets were less helpful than those who were stopped on a nearby residential street. It seems such stores embody the ethos of materialism, and just being in their immediate proximity can negatively affect one's behavior.
"Cues related to possession, luxury, and prestige" can apparently trigger a me-first mindset, decreasing one's likelihood of helping a stranger, according to a research team led by Lubomir Lamy of Paris Descartes University. The researchers' study is published in the journal Social Influence.
Who knew strolling down Rodeo Drive was hazardous to your moral health?
Lamy and his colleagues conducted three experiments. The first featured 80 pedestrians (40 men and 40 women) who were "walking alone in the Paris Triangle d'Or,which includes the prestigious (shopping) streets avenue des Champs-Elysees and avenue Montaigne."
The devil may not wear Prada, but the attitudes the brand activates appear to be anything but angelic.
Each pedestrian witnessed a college-age woman, wearing a large leg brace and walking with the aid of a crutch, "accidentally" drop her bottle of water and packet of candies. The researchers noted whether the targeted passerby offered assistance.
Among those who had just exited a luxury store such as Dior, Chanel, or Versace, only 35 percent extended or offered help. In contrast, 77.5 percent of other pedestrians did so. Apparently fashion doesn't mix with compassion.
The second experiment featured 112 pedestrians who were approached either on Paris' place Vendome (home of exclusive jewelry and watch stores), or on a nearby side street featuring apartment buildings.
Each was stopped by a young woman who was pushing another in a wheelchair. The young woman explained in a worried voice that she had lost her cell phone, and asked if the person could "please stay close to my friend a few minutes" while she looked for it at a nearby restaurant they had just patronized.
"Among participants asked for help near a luxury store, 23.2 percent gave help," the researchers write, "whereas 82.1 percent gave help in the control, 'ordinary street' condition."
A final, similarly structured experiment found this effect only occurred on streets containing luxury stores, as opposed to those lined with ordinary shops.
"The place Vendome concentrates mainly on watch and jewelry brands, whereas the avenue Montaigne is dedicated to fashion," Lamy and his colleagues note. "Taken together, these results suggest that whatever the brand type, reminders of luxury would inhibit helpfulness more readily than reminders of non-luxury shopping."
But why? "Materialistic reminders may have increased self-enhancement and competitive values," the researchers speculate, "which in turn would decrease trusting and benevolent behavior, and a sense of being concerned about, and connected to, other people."
These first-of-their-kind findings are consistent with several earlier studies by Nicolas Gueguen (a co-author of this new paper), including one that found people who had just handled money at an ATM machine were less likely to engage in helpful behavior.
So if you find yourself needing to rely on the kindness of strangers, stay away from both banks and luxury-brand shops. The devil may not wear Prada, but the attitudes the brand activates appear to be anything but angelic.


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Classification and Division asks you to break something down into its component parts, offering an insight or analysis into the thing you're breaking down. You actually use classification and division thinking a lot, perhaps without realizing it (e.g., different personality types of the people you know, different types of cars, different types of activities for your children, etc.).
In college writing, in addition to grouping and classifying, you're also asked to make a point about the groupings that offers an analytical insight (e.g., Of all the sixteen personality types that Myers-Briggs identify, the ___ type is the best to hire in a ___ type of job, for a number of reasons.) Your point – your main idea, angle, assertion – should be complex enough for you to develop creatively. Division and classification thought is a way of organizing and dealing with complex and/or abundant information in order to provide additional understanding.
Essays using a classification and division pattern have topic sentences and units of support for each group or class. The topic sentences themselves should have angles that relate back to the main angle in the thesis.
View the following video for a clear definition and multiple basic examples of the concepts of division and classification. (Note that you will be expected to apply the concepts of division and classification to more complex concepts for college essays.)
View the following video for a further explanation of classification and division pattern in essay writing.
Here's a graphic organizer for the Classification and Division pattern.
Classification and Division in Action:
Make sure to read sample Classification and Division essays in the Sample Essays section of this text.


Lahr Collegiate Church (Stiftskirche)
Bei der Stiftskirche 2, 77933 Lahr
In the year 1259, Lady Heilika von Finstingen and her husband Walter von Geroldseck donated money to found a hospital together with a monastery to be built near their Lahr castle. In 1482 this monastery was converted into a secular institution and its church became the Lahr municipal parish church. It was then rebuilt in the new Gothic style and is thus one of the earliest examples of Gothic design in the whole Upper Rhine region.
Official content of Lahr
Ihre Sicherheit liegt uns am Herzen
Other striking features include the ambo next to the altar (remains of the late Gothic pulpit), a well-preserved, late-Gothic gravestone in the north aisle (that of Jakob von Brombach, a senior civil servant and church advocate who died in Lahr 1554). There is also a large Mühleisen organ inserted above the portals. This new organ was constructed in three stages between 1969 and 1997 and is based on the famous original Silbermann organ which had been destroyed by a fire in 1877. The present-day appearance of the Collegiate Church dates from extensions and renovations in the 19th century.
How to find us


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Elcon's product range includes competitive high-quality batteries for e.g. industry systems, electricity distribution and data traffic, as well as for UPSs. When required, Elcon can also provide survey of requirements, dimensioning and installation. Elcon also takes care of the recycling of used batteries.
- Sealed lead batteries
- Flooded lead batteries
- Lithium-ion batteries
- NiCad batteries.
Sealed lead batteries
The Elcon range includes sealed lead batteries over an extensive capacity range from different manufacturers. Batteries can be installed in the power system cabinet, in separate battery cabinets or on battery racks. The batteries can be used in industry, electricity distribution and power plants as well as in automation and telecom systems. Elcon's range also includes AGM and gel batteries.
Flooded lead batteries
Elcon's range includes flooded batteries for the needs of industry, electricity distribution and data traffic. A wide selection from different manufacturers, e.g. OPzS flooded tubular plate batteries from 50Ah upwards. OPzS and OGi type batteries are suited to supplying data traffic applications and emergency light and alarm systems as well as monitoring devices and automation in power plants and substations, railways, airports etc. The flooded batteries can also be used in solar panel applications. The calculated lifespan is at least 20 years when used correctly.
The lifespan of a Nickel-Cadmium battery is over 20 years when used correctly. The power delivery capacity is large, and the battery can momentarily provide current pulses of significant size, thanks to its low internal resistance. The usage temperature range is wide, and the battery provides current well even in sub-zero temperatures, as the electrolyte only works as a conveyor of current and is not involved in the reaction. It also withstands high temperatures better than a lead battery without shortening the lifespan.
The advantage of lithium-ion batteries, for example in comparison with lead batteries, is a high energy density and a low self-discharge rate.
Lithium-ion batteries usually need a battery monitoring system (BMS). The system monitors the voltage and temperature of the battery cells, and balances the charge in the cells.


Question: What Is The Equation For Q In Chemistry?
What is the equation for Q?
With three of the four quantities of the relevant equation known, we can substitute and solve for Q..
What is K and Q in chemistry?
Consider a simple chemical system including just two compounds, A and B: Q is a quantity that changes as a reaction system approaches equilibrium. … K is the numerical value of Q at the "end" of the reaction, when equilibrium is reached.
What does Q stand for in chemistry thermodynamics?
HeatHeat in thermodynamics Scientists define heat as thermal energy transferred between two systems at different temperatures that come in contact. Heat is written with the symbol q or Q, and it has units of Joules ( Jstart text, J, end text).
What is Q MC ∆ T used for?
How is Q value calculated?


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With proper attention to detail, fluids can be removed from disc recordings as effectively by either manual methods or with the assistance of a vacuum driven pickup. Limitations to the efficiency and effectiveness of the latter approach primarily involve the design of the vacuum orifice. The slot in the vacuum wand of most machines is sized and configured in such a manner that fluids tend to be evaporated as much as sucked through the tube and into an appropriate reservoir. This process results in sufficient turbulence at the face of the vacuum slot to aerosol fluids onto the vacuum strips and the record. At the least this necessitates that the wand be rinsed between wash and rinse steps, slowing the process down.
Modifications for VPI and similar machines:
1) Purchase a second wand and column, dedicating one to the wash cycle and another to the rinse.
2) Remove & rinse the single wand in distilled water between each wash-rinse step.
3) Use a small, notched aluminum loaf pan or similar container partially filled with distilled water & either raise it to the wand or lower the wand into the container sitting on the deck of the machine.
4) Manually remove the Cleaner & use the vacuum to remove fluids following the distilled water rinse.
** Cleaning fluids should be applied to the brush and then dispersed about the disc rather than directly to the record surface.** Rinse water can be applied directly to the record surface but the brush should be well wetted whenever it contacts the disc. We do not find the brushes supplied with current record cleaning machines to be adequate for either cleaning or rinsing. In our hands, the back & forth scrubbing motion described in our Cleaning Procedure affords a more consistent result than holding a brush down to a rotating record, even when bi-directional rotation is used and do not recommend this approach.
Allow the vacuum wand one revolution plus a finger width and stop. *The fine film of moisture which remains after the Cleaner is removed is advantageous to the rinse step*. The film of moisture remaining after the rinse cycle is thoroughly degreased & any lint (from cloth or paper) remaining after the disc is completely dry, is readily removed with a clean carbon fiber brush.
** Final drying of the record surface & label area should only be accomplished.by air drying at ambient temperature to prevent statically charging the cleaned surface.
Full area support is required for thorough scrubbing. Using a second platter mat on top of the primary work surface eliminates the need to clean the lower surface as you go from one side of the disc to the other. Some users prefer to clean one side of a set of discs, holding them in a vinyl covered dish rack or 2 until they're ready to repeat the process on the second sides.


text:
Under the Office of Naval Research's Organic Mine Countermeasures Future Naval Capabilities (OMCM FNC) program, Lite Cycles, Inc. is developing an innovative and highly compact airborne active sensor system for mine and obstacle detection in very shallow water (VSW), through the surf-zone (SZ) and onto the beach. The system uses an
innovative LCI proprietary integrated scanner, detector, and telescope (ISDT) receiver architecture. The ISD tightly couples all receiver components and LIDAR electronics to achieve the system compaction required for tactical UAVintegration while providing a large aperture. It also includes an advanced compact multifunction laser transmitter; an industry-first high-resolution, compact 3-D camera, a scanning function for wide area search, and temporally
displaced multiple looks on the fly over the ocean surface for clutter reduction. Additionally, the laser will provide time-multiplexed multi-color output to perform day/night multispectral imaging for beach surveillance. New processing algorithms for mine detection in the very challenging surf-zone clutter environment are under development, which offer the potential for significant processing gains in comparison to the legacy approaches. This paper reviews the legacy system approaches, describes the mission challenges, and provides an overview of the ROAR system architecture.


text:
'St Luke's Hospital', print, London, England, 1785
This print shows St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics shortly after a new building was built in 1782 in Old Street, London. St Luke's was a hospital for the mentally ill founded in 1751 to relieve the pressure on London's other asylum, Bethlem Hospital. St Luke's was one of the first teaching hospitals to study mental illness. Unlike other asylums, visitors were not permitted purely to be amused by the plight of the patients. The illustration was engraved by an artist named Deeble for The European Magazine and London Review, which was launched in 1782.
Related Themes and Topics
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Pictorial works produced by transferring images by means of a matrix such as a plate, block, or screen, using any of various printing processes. When emphasizing the individual printed image, use "impressions." Avoid the controversial expression "original prints," except in reference to discussions of the expression's use. If prints are neither "reproductive prints" nor "popular prints," use just "prints."
A technique to obtain prints from an engraved surface. Engraving is the practice of cutting into a hard, usually flat surface.
Glossary: psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospital specialising in the treatment of serious mental illness, usually for relatively long-term patients.
A historic term for a psychiatric hospital. The term in this context was common in the 1700s and 1800s, but is no longer in use.
Glossary: mental illness
Who were the 'mentally ill'? We use this phrase to reflect the historical descriptions of individuals with a variety of behaviours, mental health problems and pathologies. Historically, the concept of ' madness' or 'insanity' was used to describe people who may have had what we would now consider psychiatric disorders. It often also included those showing symptoms of syphilis, epilepsy, depression, or in some cases merely behaviour considered to be eccentric or outside commonly accepted norms.


text:
The Story of Princess UnovaEdit1,000 years ago, there lived a young unicorn named Unova. She was kind, generous, and caring. One day, she made the forest we all know of today, the everfree forest, by using her magic of nature. The ponies played in the forest, until one day, wild, dangerous creatures invaded the forest! The ponies panicked and ran when they came. 10 ponies died, the rest came out alive. The unicorn had to take action, before the creatures invade all of equestria! As soon as she saw them coming, she used her magic to stop them from coming into Ponyville! She cast a spell that can keep them away, and stay in her forest, permanantly. Princess Celestia was so impressed, she made Unova a princess!
The Death of Princess UnovaEdit
After 100 years, she had to be stopped, before she had too much power, so Celestia sang a song that can seal her permanantly in the forest. Soon, she became a ghost that roams around her forest.


AI in the City: Speculating on Potential Futures Through Media Art
This paper analyses the increasing influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in the social and spatial experience of contemporary urban living, and how media art projects can enable us to speculate on its future implications. AI technologies are being combined with sensors, surveillance cameras and databases to improve the efficiency of key urban infrastructures and make them more sustainable. However, this assemblage has also supported pervasive forms of surveillance that involve detailed citizen profiling. This has been demonstrated by China's Social Credit System and its aim to regulate social behaviour in public space according to pre-established notions of what is deemed acceptable or not under the guise of encouraging trustworthiness in citizens. This highlights the need to address the complex ethical issues that emerge from the application of AI in urban space, involving privacy rights, government oppression, social and racial bias and the replacement of human oversight with decisions made by AI agents. Individual artists such as Liam Young and artist collectives such as Blast Theory have speculated on future urban scenarios through projects that include conceptual films, live performances and participatory art projects. Such projects merge fiction and reality and are informed by developments in surveillance, biotechnology and autonomous machines that suggest ways in which AI might influence the future of urban living. By analysing case studies of art projects that enable reflection on the increasing role of AI in the city I discuss its future social, spatial and ethical implications.
Author Information
Marcos Dias, Dublin City University, Ireland
Paper Information
Conference: ECAH2020
Stream: Arts - Media Arts Practices: Television
The full paper is not available for this title
Video Presentation
Posted by amp21


text:
TM 10-1670-272-23&P 0009 00
1. After the parachute is placed in proper layout.
2. After the gores are folded and the flatfold is completed.
3. After the canopy is longfolded and the breakcord is tied.
4. After the deployment bag is closed (first regular stow).
5. After the suspension lines are stowed.
6. After the pack tray is closed.
7. After the static line is stowed.
TECHNICAL/RIGGER-TYPE INSPECTION PROCEDURES
Perform inspection as follows:
1. Overall inspection. An overall inspection will be made on the MC1-1B/MC1-1E parachute to ascertain
U.S. Navy utilizes NAVWPNCEN or NAWCWPNS CL /3512/11,
Parachute History Record.
a. Log record/parachute inspection data pocket and form. As applicable, inspect the assembly log
record parachute inspection data pocket to ensure the Army Parachute Log Record (DA Form
3912 and AFTO 391) is enclosed and properly attached as prescribed in WP 0003 00 (Installing
Attached Tie). Further, remove the log record from the pocket and evaluate the recorded entries
(WP 0003 00). Inspect and evaluate as follows:
The Army Parachute Log Record, DA Form 3912, and AFTO 391
are history-type maintenance documents that accompany the
parachute canopy and pack tray assemblies through the period of
service of the individual assembly. The log record provides a means
of recording maintenance actions performed on a parachute canopy
assembly. Normally, a log record is initiated and attached to a right
rear riser upon receipt by a using unit. However, if the item is
subjected to alteration or modification by a maintenance activity
during the interim period from date of manufacture to receipt by a
using unit, the log record will be prepared by the activity performing
the maintenance function. Once initiated, a log record will be
attached to, and contained in, an affixed parachute log record/
inspection data pocket, until such time as the parachute canopy
assembly is destroyed or rendered unfit for further use or repair.
Additionally, should an item that requires a log record, be transferred
from one unit to another, the log record for the parachute assembly
will accompany the item in the transfer action.


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My understanding that if you are addressing a bishop, the correct form is "Vladyko," while if you are referring to a bishop in the third person, the form is "Vladyka." Even if they sound the same in English, we should follow the spelling conventions. So the title of this article should be changed if the definition is to remain the same. --Fr Lev 05:42, September 19, 2014 (PDT)


Home / News / News
What is the Difference Between a Lithium Battery Pack and a Ternary Battery?
Jan. 20, 2021
As a 18650 3.7 v Battery Factory, share with you. Lithium battery packs and ternary batteries are all types of lithium batteries, although the raw material management system of the two is still very different, and the main performance characteristics are also different. Lithium iron battery with excellent high temperature characteristics and ternary battery with excellent low temperature characteristics. For safety, lithium is better.
Lithium battery: Lithium battery pack refers to a lithium battery composed of a variety of lithium batteries using lithium batteries as battery cathode materials. This kind of raw material does not contain precious elements like cobalt, which can make the cost of lithium battery rechargeable batteries lower than other lithium batteries. In addition, mineral elements such as phosphorus and iron are rich in resources on the earth, and it is not easy to encounter the problem of insufficient supply of raw materials.
Pansonic Battery
Pansonic Battery
The difference between lithium battery pack and ternary battery:
1. The working voltage service platform of the ammeter lithium battery is the key index value of its specific energy, which determines the basic characteristics and cost of the rechargeable battery. The higher the working voltage, the larger the specific volume; for lithium batteries with the same volume, net weight and ampere hour, the working voltage service platform of the ternary battery is higher than that of the lithium battery rechargeable battery. The high transmission line can reach ampere, and the charging and discharging service platform can reach or Da Amp.
2. Discharge performance. Because of the complicated climate on the earth, from the earth's equator to the poles, from high temperature to extreme freezing, the natural environment of the application of lithium batteries will be very different. However, under different natural temperature environments, the characteristics and hazards of lithium battery packs and ternary batteries are very different. Lithium battery packs tend to be charged and discharged in high-temperature natural environments, and ternary batteries tend to be charged in low-temperature natural environments. Discharge application.
3. Cycle life. Although the service life of the cycle system of lithium battery pack and ternary battery is longer than other types of lithium batteries, but to compare the service life of the cycle system of lithium battery and ternary battery, it can only be said that the service life of lithium battery pack is longer than that of ternary battery. Much longer.
Generally speaking, the cyclic system service life of lithium battery packs is generally above 2000 times, while the cyclic system service life of ternary batteries is generally above 1,000 times. There is a big difference between the two in the cyclic system service life. Lithium batteries of various models and specifications have more or less differences, the biggest difference still depends on the positive battery cathode material. Due to the different constituent materials, there will be differences in the characteristics of lithium batteries at many levels.
Our company also has Pansonic Battery on sale, welcome to contact us.


Claud Wright: Senior civil servant who was also a leading expert in
In the War Office there were a lot of old fossils. But the one who was the real fossil was Claud William Wright. He was not only a senior administrative civil servant, and when transferred to the Ministry of Education the first Permanent Secretary, in effect, to Lord Eccles' Ministry of the Arts under Margaret Thatcher, but also from an early age, a leading geologist, palaeontologist and archaeologist.
Dinosaur fossil fills gaps in evolutionary knowledge
Scientists have unearthed the fossilised bones of a meat-eating dinosaur the size of a large dog which they said could fill in the gaps about the early evolution and global migration of a group of animals that dominated the land for 170 million years.


The MPL3115A2 is a handy high precision barometric pressure that you can read from CircuitPython and Python code! This sensor provides pressure, temperature, and even calculates altitude (based on pressure) automatically for you. Best of all with a simple CircuitPython module you can read data from the sensor with ease. This guide shows how to connect a MPL3115A2 to a CircuitPython board and read data from it with Python code!
To follow this guide you'll need the following parts:
Connect your MPL3115A2 to your development board using a standard I2C connection. Here's an example of wiring a MPL3115A2 to a Feather M0 board:
 - Board 3.3V output to MPL3115A2 Vin
 - Board GND/ground to MPL3115A2 GND
 - Board SCL to MPL3115A2 SCL/I2C clock
 - Board SDA to MPL3115A2 SDA/I2C data
Installing Library
To use the MPL3115A2 you'll need to install the Adafruit CircuitPython MPL3115A2 library on your CircuitPython board.
Remember for non-express boards like the, you'll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:
 - adafruit_mpl3115a2.mpy
 - adafruit_bus_device
You can also download the adafruit_mpl3115a2.mpy from its releases page on Github.
Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder or root filesystem has the adafruit_mpl3115a2.mpy, and adafruit_bus_device files and folders copied over.
To demonstrate the usage of the sensor we'll initialize it and read the pressure and other values from the Python REPL.
import board
import adafruit_mpl3115a2
i2c = board.I2C()
sensor = adafruit_mpl3115a2.MPL3115A2(i2c)
Remember if you're using a board that doesn't support hardware I2C (like the ESP8266) you need to use the bitbangio module instead:
import board
import bitbangio
import adafruit_mpl3115a2
i2c = bitbangio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
sensor = adafruit_mpl3115a2.MPL3115A2(i2c)
 - pressure - The barometric pressure in Pascals.
 - temperature - The temperature in degrees Celsius.
 - altitude - The altitude as calculated using barometric pressure and returned in meters.
print('Pressure: {0:0.3f} pascals'.format(sensor.pressure))
print('Altitude: {0:0.3f} meters'.format(sensor.altitude))
print('Temperature: {0:0.3f} degrees Celsius'.format(sensor.temperature))
To make the altitude calculation more accurate you'll want to set the pressure at sea level for your current location and weather conditions. Barometric pressure sensors can only calculate altitude based on the pressure of air they detect and that pressure changes daily and with weather conditions. Look up your local weather forecast and it typically includes the pressure at sea level. Set the sealevel_pressure property (to a value in Pascals) to tell the chip this information and get the most accurate altitude measurements:
sensor.sealevel_pressure = 103040
That's all there is to using the MPL3115A2 with CircuitPython!
Here's a complete example that will print the pressure, altitude, and temperature every second. Save this as on your board and open the REPL to view the output. Remember to switch to the bitbangio module if necessary for your board:
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019 Tony DiCola for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# Simple demo of the MPL3115A2 sensor.
# Will read the pressure and temperature and print them out every second.
import time
import board
import adafruit_mpl3115a2
# Create sensor object, communicating over the board's default I2C bus
i2c = board.I2C() # uses board.SCL and board.SDA
# Initialize the MPL3115A2.
sensor = adafruit_mpl3115a2.MPL3115A2(i2c)
# Alternatively you can specify a different I2C address for the device:
# sensor = adafruit_mpl3115a2.MPL3115A2(i2c, address=0x10)
# You can configure the pressure at sealevel to get better altitude estimates.
# This value has to be looked up from your local weather forecast or meteorological
# reports. It will change day by day and even hour by hour with weather
# changes. Remember altitude estimation from barometric pressure is not exact!
# Set this to a value in pascals:
sensor.sealevel_pressure = 102250
# Main loop to read the sensor values and print them every second.
while True:
 pressure = sensor.pressure
 print("Pressure: {0:0.3f} pascals".format(pressure))
 altitude = sensor.altitude
 print("Altitude: {0:0.3f} meters".format(altitude))
 temperature = sensor.temperature
 print("Temperature: {0:0.3f} degrees Celsius".format(temperature))
This guide was first published on Feb 20, 2018. It was last updated on Feb 20, 2018.


text:
The Child Inspired will be conducting FREE speech and language screenings. This screening is used to identify children who may need a more comprehensive evaluation. The areas that will be screened include:
Articulation (speech sound production)
Expressive Language (use of language)
Receptive Language (comprehension of language)
Pragmatic Language (social language)
If you are interested in having your child's speech and language screened, please complete the permission form below. A letter outlining the results of your child's screening will be sent home in a sealed envelope. If further evaluation is recommended, additional resources and options will be offered at that time.


text:
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles, Life is full of challenges. To enjoy the fruits of joy you have to face the obstacles. Obstacles are part and parcel of your life.
They seem good especially when they improve your strength, ability and will power. You realize this fact later when you have conquered the obstacle.
Without obstacles life is incomplete. When you get things done smoothly without much effort, you will stop giving your best.
As a result, you would stop improving, and your progress in life would be stuck at a point. Therefore to face obstacles in life is a part of the improvement process.
When you face obstacles and defeat them the better of you comes out. When obstacles come naturally and are not triggered, it's good to have them.
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Love Life
However, that is not the case all the times. People around us create obstacles in our path as well. These are triggered obstacles that trouble you the most. You can handle natural obstacles as they are not frequent and are not high scale ones.
Conversely, the triggered obstacles are quite destructive and intense. Compared to natural obstacles triggered one are frequent. Furthermore, these obstacles start to affect you physically, mentally and emotionally.
As a result of which peace and prosperity from your life are diminished. You start feeling low and depress and consider yourself worthless. Besides that, there is a feeling of being trapped in a web of obstacles.
There can be many examples of such triggered obstacles in your daily life. Say, for instance:
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Marriage
- Any Obstacles in the path of love marriage
- Hindrance in the way of promotion
- Blockades in the form of growth
- Obstacles that affect your family
Generally, you consider them as natural obstacles in the first place. However, when their frequency and intensity increases then only you feel uneasy. In such situations acting later can be critical for you.
You don't know who is triggering these obstacles. What are his intentions? Why does he want to harm you? To what extent he has planned your downfall? As a result of these doubts, you feel unable to act.
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Life Vakratunda Mahakaya
How can you act when you don't know the culprit? Even if you can perform what actions can be taken? How can you reverse the course of such obstacles? These questions are bound to be raised in your mind.
You need something useful and precise. A solution that can deliver results quickly. A sustainable solution. Moreover, a solution that you can execute on your own.
The possibility of finding such solutions seems distant. However, to your surprise, such a solution exists. Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is that ultimate solution.
It is the Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers that have the potential to bring you that desired results. Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers can dismantle those triggered obstacles in your path.
The Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles brings you prosperity. Lord Ganesha is known as "Vighna Harta" which means destroyer of obstacles. As a result of performing the mantra, you would start feeling calm and composed.
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Job
Performing the Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is one long term and effective solution for all your worries. Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers when completed with faith creates a positive vibe around you.
Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles coupled with your faith and dedication can do wonders. The mantra can be your ultimate guide to a happy life.
Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers brings down all those obstacles that are there to harm you. So, keep the faith and perform the mantra with pure heart and mind. Results would always be in your favor.
Ganesh mantra to take away obstacles
If you are performing the mantra for the first time, take guidance from an astrologer. You can also consult the priest (Pujari). By consultation and advice, you would get valuable insights in regards to the performance of the mantra. This would be fruitful especially in enhancing the efficacy of your performance of mantra.
Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is a holistic solution that works in tandem to the problem. The mantra in particular targets the root cause of obstacles. Besides its efficacy, the mantra adopts a simple course of action to brings peace and prosperity to the performer.
The mantra generally works by:
- Acting on the source of obstacles
- Diluting the effect of negative energy on you
- Creating a web of positivity around you
- Bringing peace into your family
- Blocking impeding threats
- Bringing calmness to your heart and mind
- Strengthening you for future challenges in life
Thus, the mantra, in conclusion, caters the problem comprehensively. Make sure you perform the mantra with purity of purpose at sight. If you have evil intentions then, in this case, the mantra would go futile.
The process of performing the mantra
To perform the mantra effectively, you need to know its process in the first place. In addition to your faith, the process is a vital element in determining the efficacy of the mantra.
Sticking to the process of mantra is key to derive desired results. The process to perform the Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is as follows:
- To begin with, take a bath
- Dress in neat and tidy clothes
- Take Mala in your hand
- Now, recite the mantra:
"Vakratunda Maha-Kaaya Surya-Kotti Samaprabha Nirvighnam Kuru Me Deva Sarva-Kaaryeshu Sarvadaa"
- Recite the mantra for 101 times
- Use the mala to ensure the right count of recitation
- Now recite the mantra:
"Aum Ekadantaya Viddhamahe,
Tanno Danti Prachodayat"
- Again recite this for a total of 101 times
- Regularly perform these mantras
Other Ganesh Mantras
* Clean yourself in the first place
- Recite the mantra:
"Om Gam Ganapataye
- Recite the mantra as much time as possible in a day
- Recite the mantra:
- Now, recite the mantra:
- Recite these mantras sitting at a place with peace
- Try to recite these mantras 10 to 15 minutes daily
- Regularly recite the mantra:
"Om Namo Siddhi Vinayakaya
Sarva kaarya kartrey Sarva vighna
prashamnay Sarvarjaya Vashyakarnaya
Sarvajan Sarvastree Purush Aakarshanaya
Shreeng Om Swaha"
- Finally, recite the moola mantra:
"Om Shreem Hreem Kleem
Glaum Gam Ganapataye
Vara Varad Sarvajan janmay
Vashamanaye Swaha Tatpurushaye
Vidmahe Vakratundaye Dhimahi Tanno
Danti Prachodyat Om Shantih Shantih Shanthi"
By the grace of God and the strength of your faith results would come instantly. All the obstacles in your path would vanish. You would enjoy a peaceful life. Above all keep your faith intact in Lord Ganesha.


Is the UK/England the most densely populated country in the World?
It is often claimed that the UK (or England) cannot absorb any more immigrants because we already have one of the highest population densities in the world.
This claim is refuted below. The UK has a relatively high population density but it is not one of the highest in the world.
 1. The UK is the 51st most densely populated country or dependency in the World. The top quartile, but nothing terrifying. In fact a quarter of the world's population live in more cramp quarters than us.
 2. However, that does include some small Islands, dependencies, city states etc. Which it could be argued are unfair to include (although, I'm sure the people living there would think otherwise). So if we take them out we end up with the below list, in descending order of population density.
 1. Bangladesh
 2. The Palestinian territories
 3. Taiwan
 4. South Korea
 5. Netherlands
 6. Lebanon
 7. India
 8. Rwanda
 9. Belgium
 10. Haiti
 11. Japan
 12. Israel
 13. Sri Lanka
 14. Philippines
 15. El Salvador
 16. Burundi
 17. Vietnam
 18. UK
 This puts the UK in 18th place. Again, this is above average but it is not something which appears to warrant the alarmism sometimes expressed.
 3. Another tactic often employed is to refer to England only. England has a population of 51 million and a land mass of 50,000 square miles and this gives a population density of a little over 1,000 per square mile. Excluding islands, city states, and dependencies, this still places us behind
 1. Bangladesh
 2. The Palestinian territories
 3. Taiwan
 4. South Korea
 5. The Netherlands
 6. England
 This puts England 6th on the world stage in terms of population density. Now it becomes a little clearer why people bemoaning immigration refer to England; it inflates their figures. England is a constituent part of the United Kingdom and there are no restrictions of movement on those in the UK so it is dishonest to focus on England and not the whole UK.
 4. In an effort to inflate their figures, those arguing that immigration is dangerous will use the population density of England rather than the whole of the UK. Because of the relatively sparse population of the Highlands England has a higher population density than the whole of the UK. This is a misleading argument as migrants settle across all of the UK and it is dishonest to use information from part of the UK to dictate policy for the whole country. For example, despite the fact that the German Land of North Rhine-Westphalia has a population density of 1,300 people per square mile it would be foolish to argue that no migration should be allowed into Germany from the data of one constituent part.
So population density does immediately appear to be an important reason to reduce immigration. Britain's population density is high but not dangerously so and there are a number of regions in the world with higher population densities and high standards of living. The Netherlands, Belgium and North-Rhine Westphalia.
Things to look out for – Shifting Goal Posts.
One you have pointed out the various flaws in this argument watch out for some shifting of the goal posts.
"Aha!" they will say "if you only look at population density then you ignore the pressure migrants put on public services!"
"But you brought up population density in the first place," says you "you're shifting the goal posts…"
Comments are turned off. The original post and comments are available here for further discussion.


text:
Guest speakers will lecture today on the dangers of global climate change and how the community can get involved to prevent future damage at the first annual Global Climate Challenge from 1 to 2:30 p.m. at the Cullen Performance Hall.
"There is scientific evidence that the Earth's atmosphere is warming, and it's believed to be because of human activity," Peter Bishop, associate professor of strategic foresight, said. "An event like this could help raise awareness."
As part of raising awareness, the UH Global Climate Change is part of national teach-in organization on global warming solutions, Focus the Nation. According to its Web site, Focus the Nation's mission is to raise national awareness among students through workshops and panels.
Aside from raising awareness, speakers will give advice on how individual contributions can improve the community. Speakers will include state Sen. Rodney Ellis, D-Houston, and Houston Advanced Research Center President Robert Harris.
The climate change event will also feature a fair from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. outside of the Cullen Performance Hall that will showcase an alternative-fuel car. Global warming has become a social concern shown through films, such as the 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth, directed by former Vice President Al Gore, and Web sites, such as _URL_.
The Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, the UH Law Center, the College of Technology, the Cullen College of Engineering and the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics are also participating in the challenge.
"It is important for students to understand the dangers of (global) warming," Bishop said. "If it continues, 200 years down the line our planet will be in real trouble."


text:
The In-Situ CHEmical MINIaturized analyzer (CHEMINI) is an instrument developed by IFREMER that measures dissolved chemical parameters in seawater including iron, nutrient salts and sulphur. CHEMINI is one of the sensors on Tempo-Mini, installed at Endeavour Ridge, and used to measure iron (Fe) properties near hydrothermal vents.
The study of chemical parameters at hydrothermal vents is important. As hot effluent encounters the cold seawater (~2 degrees C), minerals precipitate from the element-rich vent water. Black smoker vents are found in areas where the effluent is very hot (~350 C). These types of vents precipitate iron sulphides, giving rising plumes a dark colour and cause the formation of sulphide-mineral deposits on the seafloor.
Individual instruments of the above category, which are (or have been) connected to our observatories. Click an instrument for detailed information.
|CHEMINI Iron on Tempo-mini||Marine Technology Centre|
Click the instrument categories below for descriptions and lists of instruments belonging to that category.


text:
Hsr Layout to Indiranagar distance, location, road map and direction
Hsr Layout is located in India
at the longitude of 77.65 and latitude of 12.91. Indiranagar is located in India
at the longitude of 77.64 and latitude of 12.97.
- Driving Distance : 10 KM and 10 meters / 6.2 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 7 KM and 100 meters / 4.4 miles.
- Travel time : 0 hours and 10 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : North side, 354 degree.
Distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar
The total straight line distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar is 7 KM
(kilometers) and 100 meters. The miles based distance from Hsr Layout to Indiranagar is 4.4
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Hsr Layout to Indiranagar is 10 KM and 10 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 6.2 miles.
Time Difference between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar is 0 hours, 0 minutes and 1 seconds
Hsr Layout and Indiranagar time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Hsr Layout To Indiranagar travel time
Hsr Layout is located around 7 KM away from Indiranagar so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Indiranagar in 0 hours and 10 minutes. Your Indiranagar travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Hsr Layout to Indiranagar Bus
Bus timings from Hsr Layout to Indiranagar is around 0 hours and 10 minutes
when your bus maintains an average speed of sixty kilometer per hour over the course of your journey. The estimated travel time from Hsr Layout to Indiranagar by bus may vary or it will take more time than the above mentioned time due to the road condition and different travel route. Travel time has been calculated based on crow fly distance so there may not be any road or bus connectivity also.
Bus fare from Hsr Layout to Indiranagar
may be around Rs.8.
Midway point between Hsr Layout To Indiranagar
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar is situated at the latitude of 12.939994469816 and the longitude of 77.644379812594. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Hsr Layout To Indiranagar road map
Indiranagar is located nearly North
side to Hsr Layout. The bearing degree from Hsr Layout To Indiranagar is 354 ° degree
. The given North direction from Hsr Layout is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Indiranagar. In the travel map towards Indiranagar you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Hsr Layout To Indiranagar driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Indiranagar from Hsr Layout. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Hsr Layout
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar? and How far is Hsr Layout from Indiranagar?. Driving distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar. Hsr Layout to Indiranagar distance by road. Distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar is 282 KM / 175.7 miles. distance between Hsr Layout and Indiranagar by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Hsr Layout and Indiranagar.
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Kabir (1440 - 1518) (also known as Kabira) was an Indian mystic who preached an ideal of seeing all of humanity as one. He was known to be a weaver and later became famed for scorning religious affiliation, seen as a threat to the elite. His philosophies and ideas of loving devotion to God are expressed in metaphor and language from both the Hindu Vedanta and Bhakti streams and Muslim Sufi ideals. Kabir is also considered one of the early northern India Sants. He was initiated by Ramananda..
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How many bytes does a terabyte equal?
Roughly 1 trillion bytes. Webopaedia is a good Web site that lists a variety of computer terms and terminology.
================================== MORE INFORMATION ON THIS TOPIC ==================================For Web definitions and terminology, check out whatis.com's IT-specific encyclopedia.
The Best Web Links: tips, tutorials and more.
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This was first published in September 2001


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In light of the recent intensification of statements in the media on the alleged danger now threatening the conservation of the Šnipiškės Jewish graveyard in Vilnius (hereinafter Cemetery), the Lithuanian Jewish (Litvak) Community (hereinafter LJC) feel it our duty yet again to present the main facts in the case and the LJC's well-founded position based on those facts regarding the issue of the reconstruction of the Vilnius Palace of Concerts and Sports (hereinafter Sports Palace) and its adaptation as a conference center.
1. To date no work for the reconstruction of the Sports Palace has been carried out, and therefore no possibly negative impact on the graveyard which was destroyed in the 1950s is being effected at the current time. The remains of the Vilna Gaon were removed to the Vilnius Jewish cemetery located on Sudervės street long ago and his headstone is located there.
False statements and rumors have been circulating for some time, so again it is necessary to explain the headstones in the Cemetery were destroyed long ago and the Sports Palace was constructed there back in the Soviet era. At the current time only pre-planning proposals have been drawn up, which could serve later as the basis for a detailed technical project for the renovation and adaptation of the Sports Palace which will be carefully examined and assessed by competent institutions.
2. The Cemetery is entered on the Registry of Cultural Treasures and has been declared a state-protected site, meaning any construction or reconstruction work in the area of the graves or in the buffer zone around it, and any plans for this sort of work, are carefully assessed and strictly controlled under the provisions of the law of the Republic of Lithuania on protection of real estate heritage and the specific requirements of a special protection plan for this Cemetery.
3. This special protection plan for the Cemetery was prepared under the requirements and principles contained in a protocol agreement signed on August 26, 2009, by the leaders of the LJC, the Committee for the Preservation of Jewish Cemeteries in Europe and the Cultural Heritage Department under the Lithuanian Ministry of Culture. All these institutions share responsibility for keeping the agreement and ensuring sufficient authority for doing so.
4. The protocol agreement of August 26, 2009, resolves that:
4.1. Earth-moving work is forbidden in the Cemetery;
4.2. Three additional possible buffer-function zones are defined; the Sports Palace falls into zone A where earth-moving work is proscribed except in cases involving engineering construction (utility pipeline, transportation and communication infrastructure) and/or work to maintain the Vilnius Sports Palace. Jobs involving the movement of earth require consent by the LJC and must be accomplished in the smallest scope possible. All work involving the movement of ground must be done under the supervision of an archaeologist and an authorized LJC delegate. To insure adherence to this requirement, the LJC makes all decisions regarding the conservation of the Cemetery and plans for the reconstruction of Sports Palace only with the knowledge and consent of the Committee for the Preservation of Jewish Cemeteries in Europe.
5. The Vilnius Sports Palace was constructed in 1973. The building and the Cemetery upon which it was built have been listed on the Registry and are protected as a cultural treasure since 2006.
6. According to the original construction documents presented to the LJC, the foundation of the Sports Palace extends 7.37 meters underground, so most likely all burials there were destroyed during building construction. Therefore pre-planning proposals for reconstruction of the Sports Palace are based on the assumption burials do not remain under the building. Despite the low likelihood there are still graves under the building, in the event of actual reconstruction of the Sports Palace the LJC will demand earth-moving work be of minimal scope and conducted under the supervision of representatives of the Committee for the Preservation of Jewish Cemeteries in Europe.
Therefore, bearing in mind that:
1) existing burials were destroyed during construction of the Vilnius Sports Palace;
2) currently not a single headstone remains at the Cemetery (the last monuments were torn down back in 1955), the Cemetery territory is in disrepair, and there are no signs in the huge territory of the Cemetery testifying to its history except for a symbolic statue and an information plaque set up a few years ago;
3) the Sports Palace building along with the Cemetery surrounding it are listed on the Registry of Cultural Treasures and it cannot be torn down, but in its current state cannot either be used and requires renovation;
4) the abandoned Vilnius Sports Palace is in a state of ruin and is unbefitting the city center and the Cemetery, and stands as a horrid symbol recalling the Soviet era when the headstones of the Cemetery were destroyed and the human remains there disturbed;
The Government of the Republic of Lithuania have the right to do as they please with the property in their possession, and certainly the right to merely consider the reconstruction of the Vilnius Sports Palace, adapting it for one or another use, and the LJC has no legal foundation or rational arguments for quelling these activities. Instead of engaging in unconstructive criticism, the LJC is undertaking all measures to insure these plans and their possible realization do not violate Jewish law and tradition, and believes the Government of Lithuania, as a responsible institution with a vested interest in maintaining its reputation, will also exhaust all efforts so that the project is carried out to the highest standards of transparency, quality and respect for heritage. If the project is carried out appropriately, the LJC would achieve our goal of preserving the Cemetery:
1) establishing in city planning and physically demarcating the limits of the Cemetery;
2) renovating the territory of the Cemetery and setting up walking paths there in line with Jewish law and tradition;
3) erecting a commemorative composition including the names of the people buried in the Cemetery;
4) installing necessary educational and information material on site.


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Resolution of construction industry other reasons may also be the nature of the construction law itself 1 and a construction contract with a profit-making. Construction accounting but are still construction-type costs in nature and must be pool to be allocated to the construction costs of individual contracts. 1 murdoch, jr and hughes, will, construction contracts the nature of construction law is deeply commercial and although there will naturally be a. In construction contract law, adriaanse tackles the key aspects of this subject with total clarity and precision the book first examines the nature of construction contracts and then takes. Construction contracts contents revenue and costs associated with construction contracts because of the nature of the activity undertaken in construction.
On construction industry klm sdn bhd awarded a contract to def construction sdn bhd to build a commercial building under the contract agreement. An introduction to the general principles and nature of construction contracts a paper presented at 2-day zonal workshop on essentials of building and engineering contract documentation and. Find out about the different types of contracts is any uncertainty about the nature of the and construction industry, these contracts are called. The nature of construction contracts 1 1 this file is to be used only for a purpose specified by palgrave macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an.
A construction contract is an the most common types of construction contracts used and equipment being similarly uncertain in nature incentive contracts. Liability for defects in construction contracts - who pays and how much introduction 1 unsurprisingly, defects are one of the major causes of dispute and. 1 1 an overview of gcc 2004 11 structure and content the general conditions of contract for construction works, which is commonly referred to as. Nature, involve quite a number of interacting activities that are full of risks, each of which may exert impacts risk allocations in construction contracts.
Construction contracts commitment is a consequence of a contract identifying the nature of commitment is very important to achieve it. Engineering & construction industry gaap has carved out a special niche for construction because most construction contracts by their nature are long-term.
1 choosing an appropriate main contract for building work in the republic of ireland - an overview tony cunningham school of surveying and construction management. Construction disputes are fairly common, and they vary in their nature dispute resolution is frequently addressed in contemporary construction contracts.
An advertisement or request for bids for the sale of particular property or the erection or construction of a the nature of the contract or its. Nature of construction contracts introduction for this assignment the writer is going to discuss the nature and types of construction contracts and will. Australian construction contracts and to involve less risk to architects than the abs contract it is recommended for use on building works of a major nature.
This article outlines the nature of construction contracts in serbia and the legislative framework that governs them it discusses contract elements, contractors' obligations and liability. Nature of construction contracts introduction for this assignment the writer is going to discuss the nature and types of construction contracts and will explain the legal responsibilities. Project contract types - learn the type of the work and the nature of the industry the contract is simply an of construction fee this type of contracts is. The contract particulars in a construction contract the nature and extent of the contract particulars will depend on the type scheme for construction contracts. What are construction contracts of the construction project construction contracts allow for the details and the nature of construction that.
Construction contracts because of the nature of the activity undertaken in construction contracts, the date at which the contract activity is entered into and the. Types of contracts: valid contract: an agreement which has all the essential elements of a contract is called a valid contract a valid contract can be enforced by law eg. To produce the construction required by the contract documents, and all document in the event that the request for proposals conflicts with the. Free essay: nature of construction contracts introduction for this assignment the writer is going to discuss the nature and types of construction contracts. Specialist classroom or elearning training course on principles of construction contracts from ice training home session 1 the nature of construction contracts. Confronting construction conflicts during times like these differ materially from those indicated in the contract documents, and are unusual in nature.


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The landscape of health and wellbeing in the workplace is changing. Ticking the boxes on a safety and compliance checklist and abiding workplace laws (while still very important to the success of any business) is not the only factor. Employers now recognise that creating a safe design and productive workplace is also about keeping their staff happy and engaged.
According to Safe Work Australia, the term "good work" refers to an environment where the hazards and risks are eliminated or reduced so far as reasonably possible. "Good work design" on the other hand, refers to where the work design optimises employee performance, job satisfaction and productivity.
What defines good work design?
There are three considerations of good work design and it all begins at the earliest opportunity, during the planning and conceptual phases of creating a job or workspace environment. Understanding effective work design can transform your workplace and benefit everyone involved – from the workers to the stakeholders, to the clients and the business itself.
The work itself:
- How is the work performed? This should factor in the psychical, mental and emotional demands of the tasks involved in the individual job, and help you have a clear understanding of the type of person capable of performing those tasks
- How long does each task take, and what is the frequency and complexity of that task?
- What is the context and systems of work?
Assessing the physical working environment:
- What will the workplace/worker require in terms of plant, equipment, materials and substances to complete the task?
- Factor in the specific vehicles, buildings and structures that are ideal workplaces
The wellbeing of the workers
- Consider the physical, emotional and mental capacities and needs of the workers
The ten principles of good work design
- The concept gives the highest level of protection for staff and employees as far as is reasonably possible
- It enhances health and wellbeing for all
- Good work design boosts business success and overall productivity
- It addresses the physical, biomechanical, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of the work itself, in partnership with the needs and capabilities of the people (whether management or staff) involved
- Going through the process will define the business needs, context and work environment needed for success
- Good work design is not just applied to the workers but the supply chain and operational lifecycle too
- Good work design engages decision-makers and leaders within a business to strive to be better
- Its goal is to actively involve the people who execute the work, including those who are part of the supply chain and other networks to ensure open lines of communication for the best outcomes
- Good work design sets out to identify hazards, assess and control risks. This is to be continually monitored and improved upon.
- Good work design encourages all involved to learn from experts, evidence and experience
How does poor work design affect workplaces?
Most Australian's work up to 40 hours a week – sometimes more! If work isn't designed and planned in a way that encourages engagement, safety and performance, it will make for a very long, unsafe and demoralising work experience, and in turn, will affect both the employees and the overall business output. The good work design principles are there to support duty holder exceed their WHS strategy and laws and help achieve better business practice for all.
The Drake Groups commitment to good work design
At The Drake Group, we're renowned for making light work of heavy loads through our robust trailers. However, our dedication to quality and our customers doesn't mean we compromise the health and safety of our amazing team. Everyone who is a part of The Drake Group family, whether they help in the manufacture and design of our heavy haulage trailers or assist in our administrative duties, is fully health and safety trained and works within the guidelines of good work design and the relevant WHS regulations.
To see what a Drake Group Trailer can do for your business and its safety practices, get in touch with us today.


- Hannah
10 Ways Relationship Coaching and Marriage Counseling are Different
Many of my clients come to me after having tried marriage counseling or therapy. Other people often ask me how what I do is different than therapy. Others assume they are the same thing. Here is my attempt to clarify what the difference is (and if one would be better for you and your relationship than the other). Keep in mind this kind of comparison risks oversimplifying things!
10 ways Relationship Coaching and Marriage Counseling are Different Marriage Counseling/Therapy Relationship Coaching
A few important thoughts to consider if you are looking for support with improving your relationship:
Therapists are wonderful at helping people with real diagnosable mental challenges to cope and even feel well again. They are also experts at dealing with past wounds that are overly consuming and majorly affect one's life. Sometimes in a marriage one person will need such support so that the whole relationship can improve. If there is mental illness of any kind, having a therapist is important, sometimes for both parties individually.
The differences between therapy and coaching in actual experience are often less cut and dry than the above can illustrate. The approaches can overlap a bit, depending on the type of training the therapist has (there are many types).
Because coaching is a new innovative form of transformational support (its been a distinct profession since the 1990's), and it synthesizes the latest scientific insights into the brain and human behavior with the best tools of the human development and potential movements, it is very relevant for the modern couple and the specific challenges we face in this moment in history. Whereas therapy as we know it was born in the late 1800's and is heir to that outdated model of seeing and supporting relationships.
It is my opinion that couples counseling is becoming a thing of the past, at least as it has been done. As one leading relationship coach teacher said, "No one ever improved their marriage by complaining in front of each other about each other for an hour every week."
I know marriage counseling did nothing to help my first marriage when it was in trouble, but actually may have lead to it's quicker demise ( because I thought, "Well, darn, if therapy isn't helping us, than I guess we really are broken!" If only I had known about relationship coaching back then!).
It is also true that the divorce rate has not declined since the advent of couples counseling decades ago. Though counseling may be useful during a certain stage of re-building connection in your relationship (and only if your partner is willing to actively participate), I would not recommend it as a first stop (unless there is mental illness, of course, but then I recommend going individually to a good therapist).
What's right for you?
Just because someone has a fancy degree does not make them more capable of helping you, or that they are the right support for you. Nor does their title as coach or counselor mean they will actually help you restore loving intimacy in your relationship. When looking for help for improving your relationship, trust what past clients say about them, as well as your own gut. The important thing is that you resonate well with the human that they are -- with what they say and how they "feel" to you.
And the very most important thing? Know that support is instrumental in making the changes you want and deserve to see in your relationship. Though it takes courage to ask for help, it's way better than sitting back and just hoping things will change on their own.
Did you know about how different these two seemingly similar professions are? If you have had experience with marriage counseling, what was it like? Let me know by commenting below.
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I am trying to "protect" a worksheet, i want to set certain cells to have certain fill functions and borders but still allow users to enter information HOWEVER(!) also want to allow the copy and paste functionto speed up information entry rather than having to manually type
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3 Answers 3
You can protect certain cells from all changes, but not just formatting. However, most versions of Excel support "Paste Special" where you can select to only paste values or functions (not formatting). In Excel 2007 this was changed to "Paste As" with a drop-down menu in the ribbon.
There are many combinations of what it will and won't paste.
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 1. Do all of the formatting you need to do first.
 2. Highlight the cells you want to protect the format in, right-click and select "Format Cells", select the "Protection" tab and uncheck "Locked"
 3. Go to the Review ribbon, select "Protect Sheet" and in the pop-up, make sure that "Format" is unchecked.
That should do it unless I've misunderstood your question
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You cannot enforce this through the standard settings. You would have to add some code to check for changes in the worksheet and set the formats back.
Alternatively, you could override the PASTE function in Excel (using VBA) so that it only ever pasted values (which is the option you want that doesn't also paste the format).
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How to access the Rate of Rise graph on IKAWA Pro App
During the roast the 'actual' RoR is also mapped on the graph (in yellow). This allows you to see how the actual RoR is following the prescribed one, which is particularly useful to see if the roast 'stalls' after first crack, or how the roaster managed the beans going exothermic, then compensating quickly afterwards.
The IKAWA Pro Sample Roaster measures the temperature every second to the nearest 1/10th of a degree Centigrade, and you can see this level of precision on the Actual line of the Temperature graph during a roast. The readings for the Actual RoR are based on the temperature measurements at 15 second intervals. We have not applied any 'smoothing' algorithms, so the graph looks slightly angular, but is very useful for showing the trend.
If users want to delve even deeper into looking at Rate of Rise per second, you can do this by exporting the data for each second of the roast in CSV format and doing some analysis on excel. Our Roast Log feature means you can download unique roast data from all roasts you do on the 2.0 app.
WHY IS RATE OF RISE IMPORTANT?
The rate of rise is the speed that temperature increases (or decreases) during the roast at any given time – for further reading there's a clear and articulate post about this by Morten Münchow on Coffee Minds. Conventional wisdom is that from just after the Turning Point, a good roast will have a steadily decreasing RoR.
The IKAWA roaster has the ability to heat up very quickly – much faster than conventional sample roasters, or large roasters too, and the small batch size means the Turning Point tends to happen within the first minute.
In our experience, people pay most attention to the end of the roast. At the time of the first crack, it's particularly important to be aware of the RoR and use it to ensure roast profiles are getting the best from the coffee.
After first crack, the temperature itself should continue to rise slowly, but if that Rate of Rise increases after first crack it can make the coffee baked – even on light roasts. Matt Perger's excellent Let's Talk About Roasting post quotes Sang Ho from Square Mile by referring to it as the Flick of Death.
Similarly, it's important that the roast doesn't stall after first crack. This will happen if the rate of rise goes negative – i.e. temperature in the roast chamber decreases. This can lead to underdeveloped coffee and the qualities that go with that.
We'd love to know how this feature helps you to design and amend your profiles, and even translate them to larger roasters. Please drop us a line at _EMAIL_.


AHCI Virtualization in Device Model
AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) is a hardware mechanism that allows software to communicate with Serial ATA devices. AHCI HBA (host bus adapters) is a PCI class device that acts as a data movement engine between system memory and Serial ATA devices. The ACPI HBA in ACRN supports both ATA and ATAPI devices. The architecture is shown in the below diagram.
HBA is registered to the PCI system with device id 0x2821 and vendor id 0x8086. Its memory registers are mapped in BAR 5. It only supports 6 ports (refer to ICH8 AHCI). AHCI driver in the User VM can access HBA in DM through the PCI BAR. And HBA can inject MSI interrupts through the PCI framework.
When the application in the User VM reads data from /dev/sda, the request will send through the AHCI driver and then the PCI driver. The User VM will trap to hypervisor, and hypervisor dispatch the request to DM. According to the offset in the BAR, the request will dispatch to port control handler. Then the request is parse to a block I/O request which can be processed by Block backend model.
*-s ,ahci,*
Type: 'hd' and 'cd' are available.
Filepath: the path for the backend file, could be a partition or a regular file.
For example,
System VM: -s 20,ahci,hd:/dev/mmcblk0p1
User VM: /dev/sda