text:
In our River Sounding project, Bill Fontana has produced a work in response to the river Thames, and sounds associated with it. I thought I'd take a look through the Bmic collection and see how other artists have made work based on this iconic river...
The River Thames once flowed into and alongside Somerset House, the home of Sound and Music, with ships sailing in through the Great Arch. River Sounding is a new installation with sound artist Bill Fontana that returns the Thames to the building, taking you on an acoustic journey in which the river once again flows through the Great Arch and into the underground Lightwells surrounding the courtyard, immersing you in airborne and underwater sounds and revealing contemporary and historical connections.
Bill Fontana is neither the first, or the last to be inspired by the great river. This gathering of scores, found in Sound and Music's 'The Collection' explore the beauty and menace of London's muse – the Thames.
Nigel Hess – Thames Journey (1991)
In this work Hess looks at the entire length of the river, with the piece beginning with a trickle from the Thames' source in Kemble, Wiltshire; flowing though Oxfordshire, Berkshire and finally through London and into the North Sea. However there are not only references to the geography but also history of those areas; the main theme of the piece is an 18th Century Wiltshire melody; 'Through the Groves'. There are other references in the journey, including other local folk tunes, ancient plainsong, the world pooh sticks championship and Gustav Holst as the river flows past his house in Barnes, West London.
Elizabeth Maconchy – Proud Thames (1953)
The piece, an orchestral overture again follows the course of the river geographically. However it relies less on direct references and more on musical development as the river flows and gains momentum. Proud Thames won a competition in 1953 to become the Coronation overture for Queen Elizabeth II.
Andrzej Panufnik (words: Camilla Jessel) – Thames Pageant (1970)
A cantata for young players and singers, this piece focuses entirely on the history of the river going all the way back to the Roman invasion. Other events covered are the signing of the Magna Carta at Runnymede and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race.
Full Score is available from Boosey and Hawkes
Jonathan Dove – Fanfares Across the Thames (1999)
Exactly what it says in the title, written for the Dedication Ceremony for London's Millenium Bridge. Instead of looking at the historical and geographical context of the riverit's used as a setting for a live performance of the piece. Brass and percussion fire salvoes to each other from either side of the river whilst a woodwind section and brass section is introduced in the second section floating on a barge in the middle of the river.
Full score available from Edition Peters


Documentation Center
 - Trial Software
 - Product Updates
Specify LMI System at the Command Line
The following tutorial example is used to illustrate the specification of LMI systems with the LMI Lab tools.
Specifying LMI System
Consider a stable transfer function
with four inputs, four outputs, and six states, and consider the set of input/output scaling matrices D with block-diagonal structure
The following problem arises in the robust stability analysis of systems with time-varying uncertainty [4]:
Find, if any, a scaling D of structure (Equation 4-5) such that the largest gain across frequency of D G(s) D–1 is less than one.
This problem has a simple LMI formulation: there exists an adequate scaling D if the following feasibility problem has solutions:
Find two symmetric matrices XR6×6 and S = DT DR4×4 such that
The LMI system (Equation 4-6, Equation 4-7, and Equation 4-8) can be described with the LMI Editor as outlined below. Alternatively, its internal description can be generated with lmivar and lmiterm commands as follows:
X=lmivar(1,[6 1])
S=lmivar(1,[2 0;2 1])
% 1st LMI
lmiterm([1 1 1 X],1,A,'s')
lmiterm([1 1 1 S],C',C)
lmiterm([1 1 2 X],1,B)
lmiterm([1 2 2 S],-1,1)
% 2nd LMI
lmiterm([-2 1 1 X],1,1)
% 3rd LMI
lmiterm([-3 1 1 S],1,1)
lmiterm([3 1 1 0],1)
LMISYS = getlmis
Here the lmivar commands define the two matrix variables X and S while the lmiterm commands describe the various terms in each LMI. Upon completion, getlmis returns the internal representation LMISYS of this LMI system. The following subsections give more details on the syntax and usage of these various commands:
More information on how the internal representation is updated by lmivar/lmiterm can also be found in How lmivar and lmiterm Manage LMI Representation.
Initializing the LMI System
The description of an LMI system should begin with setlmis and end with getlmis. The function setlmis initializes the LMI system description. When specifying a new system, type
To add on to an existing LMI system with internal representation LMIS0, type
Specifying the LMI Variables
The matrix variables are declared one at a time with lmivar and are characterized by their structure. To facilitate the specification of this structure, the LMI Lab offers two predefined structure types along with the means to describe more general structures:
Type 1
Symmetric block diagonal structure. This corresponds to matrix variables of the form
where each diagonal block Dj is square and is either zero, a full symmetric matrix, or a scalar matrix
Dj= d × IdR
This type encompasses ordinary symmetric matrices (single block) and scalar variables (one block of size one).
Type 2
Rectangular structure. This corresponds to arbitrary rectangular matrices without any particular structure.
Type 3
General structures. This third type is used to describe more sophisticated structures and/or correlations between the matrix variables. The principle is as follows: each entry of X is specified independently as either 0, xn, or –xn where xn denotes the n-th decision variable in the problem. For details on how to use Type 3, see Structured Matrix Variables as well as the lmivar entry in the reference pages.
In Specifying LMI System, the matrix variables X and S are of Type 1. Indeed, both are symmetric and S inherits the block-diagonal structure from Equation 4-5 of D. Specifically, S is of the form
After initializing the description with the command setlmis([]), these two matrix variables are declared by
lmivar(1,[6 1]) % X
lmivar(1,[2 0;2 1]) % S
In both commands, the first input specifies the structure type and the second input contains additional information about the structure of the variable:
 - For a matrix variable X of Type 1, this second input is a matrix with two columns and as many rows as diagonal blocks in X. The first column lists the sizes of the diagonal blocks and the second column specifies their nature with the following convention:
 1: full symmetric block
 0: scalar block
 –1: zero block
 In the second command, for instance,[2 0;2 1] means that S has two diagonal blocks, the first one being a 2-by-2 scalar block and the second one a 2-by-2 full block.
 - For matrix variables of Type 2, the second input of lmivar is a two-entry vector listing the row and column dimensions of the variable. For instance, a 3-by-5 rectangular matrix variable would be defined by
 lmivar(2,[3 5])
For convenience, lmivar also returns a "tag" that identifies the matrix variable for subsequent reference. For instance, X and S in Specifying LMI System could be defined by
X = lmivar(1,[6 1])
S = lmivar(1,[2 0;2 1])
The identifiers X and S are integers corresponding to the ranking of X and S in the list of matrix variables (in the order of declaration). Here their values would be X=1 and S=2. Note that these identifiers still point to X and S after deletion or instantiation of some of the matrix variables. Finally, lmivar can also return the total number of decision variables allocated so far as well as the entry-wise dependence of the matrix variable on these decision variables (see the lmivar entry in the reference pages for more details).
Specifying Individual LMIs
After declaring the matrix variables with lmivar, we are left with specifying the term content of each LMI. Recall that LMI terms fall into three categories:
 - The constant terms, i.e., fixed matrices like I in the left side of the LMI S > I
 - The variable terms, i.e., terms involving a matrix variable. For instance, ATX and CTSC in Equation 4-6. Variable terms are of the form PXQ where X is a variable and P, Q are given matrices called the left and right coefficients, respectively.
 - The outer factors
The following rule should be kept in mind when describing the term content of an LMI:
 Note: Specify only the terms in the blocks on or above the diagonal. The inner factors being symmetric, this is sufficient to specify the entire LMI. Specifying all blocks results in the duplication of off-diagonal terms, hence in the creation of a different LMI. Alternatively, you can describe the blocks on or below the diagonal.
LMI terms are specified one at a time with lmiterm. For instance, the LMI
is described by
lmiterm([1 1 1 1],1,A,'s')
lmiterm([1 1 1 2],C',C)
lmiterm([1 1 2 1],1,B)
lmiterm([1 2 2 2],-1,1)
These commands successively declare the terms ATX + XA, CTSC, XB, and –S. In each command, the first argument is a four-entry vector listing the term characteristics as follows:
 - The first entry indicates to which LMI the term belongs. The value m means "left side of the m-th LMI," and −m means "right side of the m-th LMI."
 - The second and third entries identify the block to which the term belongs. For instance, the vector [1 1 2 1] indicates that the term is attached to the (1, 2) block.
 - The last entry indicates which matrix variable is involved in the term. This entry is 0 for constant terms, k for terms involving the k-th matrix variable Xk, and −k for terms involving (here X and S are first and second variables in the order of declaration).
Finally, the second and third arguments of lmiterm contain the numerical data (values of the constant term, outer factor, or matrix coefficients P and Q for variable terms PXQ or PXTQ). These arguments must refer to existing MATLAB® variables and be real-valued. See Complex-Valued LMIs for the specification of LMIs with complex-valued coefficients.
Some shorthand is provided to simplify term specification. First, blocks are zero by default. Second, in diagonal blocks the extra argument's' allows you to specify the conjugated expression AXB + BTXTAT with a single lmiterm command. For instance, the first command specifies ATX + XA as the "symmetrization" of XA. Finally, scalar values are allowed as shorthand for scalar matrices, i.e., matrices of the form αI with α scalar. Thus, a constant term of the form αI can be specified as the "scalar" α. This also applies to the coefficients P and Q of variable terms. The dimensions of scalar matrices are inferred from the context and set to 1 by default. For instance, the third LMI S > I in Example


text:
An acoustical mesh network is a decentralized communication system that transmits data by using sound to connect computers.
This relatively unknown network type was first used to enable robust underwater communication. More recently, the method has been used in proof-of-concept (POC) trials for acoustical infections as a method of communication among air-gapped computers. Air gapping is an extreme measure used to secure extremely sensitive data against exfiltration.
There are both legitimate and unscrupulous uses for acoustical mesh networks. Hackers can modify software designed for underwater networking to enable air-based and covert communication and use acoustical mesh networks for covert communication with infected systems. Due to their already limited bandwidth (20bits/s), these types of mesh networks commonly use a partial mesh network, in which communication is conducted through the fastest points rather than connecting all endpoints. The networks often use ultrasonic sound outside or at the edge of the range of human hearing. The use of sound beyond the range of human hearing means that malware can stealthily send data without an Internet connection.
POC trials have demonstrated acoustical infections and all elements of the attack have been demonstrated in the real world, strongly suggesting that malware can infect through acoustic channels. BadBIOS, a stealth infection discovered by Dragos Ruiu, is one of the first malwares suspected to create acoustical mesh networks. Ruiu, a security researcher, reported that the malware infected the firmware of the machine, communicating with and comproming other nearby computers through sound.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
From: _EMAIL_ [_EMAIL_]On
Behalf Of Dick Fischer
Sent: Sunday, February 17, 2002 3:14
Modern fruit trees, critics point out, certainly were not in existence
before fishes. That seems to be true, but these verses say nothing about
"modern" fruit trees. In English, fruit trees bear edible fruit; apples,
pears, cherries, and so forth. The Hebrew term includes seed-bearing trees,
and shade trees that do not bear edible fruit. 5
Apple trees, for example, do not date to the Upper Silurian, but the
"fruit" of any plant is its yield. Conifers were among the first land-based
vegetation, and calling them "fruit trees" is consistent with the Hebrew.
Dick, As I documented, conifers are NOT among the first land life forms.
Conifers do not appear until the Carboniferous which is about 300 myr ago.
Simply repeating the false claim, this time from your book, does nothing to
make the claim true. Cite a single paleontology article in which conifers
are found in the upper Ordovician (which is older than the Silurian) which
is where fish are first found.
for lots of creation/evolution information
personal stories of struggle
This archive was generated by hypermail 2b29 : Mon Feb 18 2002 - 01:09:27 EST


text:
Educators are busy. Our work is demanding physically and mentally. In a 10 month school year, it's easy to get caught up in a routine and 'take days off' cognitively. Let's not get in the habit of doing this because our kids deserve the best 'us' we can give everyday.
'Each day of our lives we make deposits in the memory banks of our children (C. Swindoll)'
Despite the length of an entire school year, we need to bring our 'A' games each day. Reflection can help us with this task. Here are 3 reflective questions to ask yourself daily:
- What worked today?
- How do I know it worked?
- What are my next steps?
Being reflective puts you in a continuous cycle of learning and improvement. Reflection assesses your knowledge, attitude, behavior, and skills as it relates to content and kids.
We ask students to monitor their learning and self-assess, so we should do the same.


text: Food is an important energy source for our survival. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that every year about 76 million people in the United States become ill from pathogens in food. Of these, up to 5,000 die. Thus, pathogenic bacteria have threatened our health and even life. Therefore, the detection and precaution of contamination by pathogenic bacteria is very important issue. Conventional method for detection of pathogenic bacteria has used culture in the selective media and characterization using identification kit. Because this method takes 3-4 days, precaution of food poisoning is impossible. To overcome this time limits, the rapid detection method using polymerize chain reaction (PCR) or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) have developed. Although precaution is possible because these methods take several hours, these methods have the limitation of high-throughput analysis for precise and simultaneous detection. Here, DNA microarray is rapid, precise and high-throughput methods. This technology makes possible to get the data thousand to million experiments by an experiment of DNA microarray. Here, we checked double specific capture probes and quantitative analysis of combinatorial oligonucleotide microarray for ten pathogenic bacteria detection using 16S rDNA as detection principle. In spite of nonspecific binding, the combinatorial oligonucleotide microarray discriminated the subtype of pathogenic bacteria. Nowadays, we focused other detection principles for DNA probe, quantitative analysis and non-labeling detection using other detection system like microcantilever.


text:
Skills to Grow Other Leaders
Grow Other Leaders
Skills to Grow Other Leaders
April 12, 2018
Skills to Grow Other Leaders—one of the recommended leadership development competencies—include:
- A generosity of spirit and collegiality in identifying and mentoring potential leaders.
- A commitment to shared ministry.
- Identifying and developing training experiences.
- Supporting the development and participation of new leaders.
We are committed to in the "priesthood" and "prophethood" of all believers. We have covenanted to encourage one another to spiritual growth.
- Create a clear path to leadership in your congregation.
- Identify potential leaders and inviting them into discernment about their skills, gifts and passions in service of the congregation's mission.
- Provide opportunities for new and seasoned leaders to learn and develop.
- Foster a culture of vulnerability-based trust.
- Help match people to service opportunities based on their passions.
- Provide opportunities for ongoing discernment and assessment of:
- Their personal growth and development.
- How well the mission of the congregation is being served.
- The Surprising Truth about What Motivates Us (YouTube, 10:48)—RSA Animate Video
- Gordon Dragt's 16 Tips for Turning Your Congregation Around (YouTube) (from 2012 Unitarian Universalist Mosiac Makers Conference)
- Sticky Teams (YouTube, 1:13): Keeping Your Leadership Team and Staff on the Same Page, Larry Osborne
- Everyday Leadership (Video, 6:21) by Drew Dudley on TED talks—Drew Dudley believes leadership is not a characteristic reserved for the extraordinary; he works to help people discover the leader within themselves
- Multipliers (Video, 10:32) (to take their quiz, visit the Multipliers Book website)
- How to Recruit Leaders in Your Volunteer Organization by Karin Hurt
- Learning New Dance Steps as a Leader by Jim Ladoux, Vibrant Faith
- Want to Develop Leaders? Stop Training Them! by Rev. Renee Ruchotzke
- The Art of Being Mentored: 7 Things to Make the Most of Your Relationship by Cortney E. Martin
- Shared Ministry is Good for All Congregations by Alban Institute author Judith A. Urban
- 10 Ways to Create a Leadership Culture in Your Church—Churches that excel at developing leaders move well beyond a a few training classes and pay attention to the leadership culture; here are a few simple ideas for creating a leadership culture...
- Reclaiming Krypton: Why a generation that grew up with Buffy and the Power Rangers will demand a different Unitarian Universalism by Doug Muder
- A bit of humor: The Top Ten People Who Should Not Serve on Your Board
- Emerging Nonprofit Leaders: "More Feedback, Please" by David Simms
- Passing the Baton: Transitions and Continuity in Leadership (1:14:22) with Mark Bernstein, Bill Clontz and Connie Goodbread. (GA 2015) Congregational leaders often feel as though their institutions operate not on the basis of "20 years of institutional experience," but on the basis of "1 year of experience, 20 times over." Congregations can take two paths to break this cycle: long-term, multidiscipline planning for leader development and effective leadership transitions.
- Habits of Humility: Congregational Teams as Learning Communities by Patricia Infante, Lori Stone Sirtosky and Renee Ruchotzke. Our faith communities need to develop habits of humility to be able to engage with a changing world. Religious professionals and lay leaders who both learn and serve together can create agile congregations. Learn how your church can share ministry by creating learning opportunities that include both established leaders and those at the margins.
- From New Member to Committed Leader (YouTube) by Renee Ruchotzke How might you provide paths to leadership in your congregation? How do you identify potential leaders and equip them for service in your congregation? This webinar will address these questions and others related to best practices in leadership development.
- Beyond Contentment: Motivating Members to Do More by Mark Bernstein The commitment of members to be active and contributing partners in congregational life is one of the characteristics of a strong, vital and growing congregation. Yet many congregations find this commitment lacking. This webinar draws on various motivational theories to discuss the factors that merely eliminate dissatisfaction (but don't provide motivation) and to uncover the factors that compel members to get and stay involved.
- The Teachable Heart: Lay Leadership Formation by Renee Ruchotzke To fulfill its mission, a congregation needs skilled and well-grounded lay leaders to partner with clergy and staff. We'll share two different models of lay leadership development and credentialing being used in the Central East Region (CERG). These frameworks both emphasize learning, serving and covenantal accountability.
- From New Member to Committed Leader by Renee Ruchotzke How might you provide paths to leadership in your congregation? How do you identify potential leaders and equip them for service in your congregation?
- Conversations in Leadership Featuring Liz Wiseman discussing her book, Multipliers. Multipliersextract people's full capabilities, getting twice the performance from their teams. You'll get practical techniques you can put into action.
- Harvest the Power Tapestry of Faith Full Curriculum 12 parts
- If you have potential Youth or Young Adult Leaders of Color, consider sending them to UU Multicultural Leadership School!
- Liberating Structures: Including and Unleashing Everyone offers an alternative way to approach and design how people work together. It provides a menu of thirty-three Liberating Structures to replace or complement conventional practices.
- Online Leadership School: The UU Leadership Institute
- Regional Residential Leadership Schools:
- Mobilizing Congregations: How Teams Can Motivate Members and Get Things Done by John W. Wimberly Jr.
- Connect: How to Double Your Number of Volunteers by Nelson Searcy and Jennifer Dykes Henson
- The New Breed - Second Edition: Understanding and Equipping the 21st Century Volunteer by Jonathan McKee and Thomas W. McKee
- Transform Your Church with Ministry Teams by E. Stanley Ott
- Sticky Teams: Keeping Your Leadership Team and Staff on the Same Page by Larry Osborne
- Protégé: Developing Your Next Generation of Church Leaders by Steve Saccone
- The Mentor's Guide: Facilitating Effective Learning Relationships by Lois J. Zachary
- Multipliers: How the Best Leaders Make Everyone Smarter by Liz Wiseman


text:
Standing dead trees may appear to be useless eyesores, but a state wildlife biologist says actually they are important components of wildlife habitat and frequently in short supply.
"That ugly snag may provide a secure home for many kinds of animals and a virtual smorgasbord of insect food," said Laurel Barnhill, wildlife biologist with the S.C. Department of Natural Resources (DNR). "Downy, hairy, red-bellied, pileated and red-headed woodpeckers all feed heavily on wood-boring larvae of beetles and other insects and invertebrates found in snags."
Print out a wildlife management guide (Pdf file) on snags and downed logs or call the Columbia DNR office at _PHONE_.
Woodpeckers are also the primary excavators of nesting cavities in snags, Barnhill said. These cavities are later used by other species. Bluebirds, wrens, titmice, crested flycatchers, chickadees, nuthatches, barred owls, screech owls and kestrels all depend on cavities for successful nesting.
Mammals such as bats, squirrels, flying squirrels and raccoons also use cavities in snag trees. A single snag tree may contain many cavities useful to several different species, as well as providing a food supply.
"The value of snags to both wildlife and people are countless," Barnhill said. "Many snag-dependent species control insects and pests, and birds of prey prefer the vantage point snags afford for hunting rodents. The woodpecker's diet is filled with many insects that can be harmful to our interests."
There are two kinds of snags, according to Barnhill. A "hard" snag may be only partially dead, with many limbs remaining and sound wood. This kind of snag will be beneficial for many years. A "soft" snag is more decayed, with no limbs left and advanced heart rot. Wildlife species make use of both kinds of snags, but larger snags have more value.
In woodlots, at least four to five snags per acre should be maintained, according to Barnhill. Snags left in open areas over water will also provide hunting perches for flycatchers, bluebirds, hawks and kingfishers. Osprey may nest in large snags near open water.
DNR protects and manages South Carolina's natural resources by making wise and balanced decisions for the benefit of the state's natural resources and its people.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Waters of Minnesota Documentary on Watersheds
University of Minnesota - Bell Museum
Overall Project Outcome and Results
The documentary film that resulted from this project, Troubled Waters: A Mississippi River Story, examines our relationship to the Mississippi River and its surrounding watershed through the competing interests of food, fuel, and environment. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus, fertilizers essential to the growth of plants, are contaminating the nation's rivers, lakes, and aquifers at the same time as precious soils wash away. The film tells the complex story of these troubled waters, both here in Minnesota and downstream as far away as the Gulf of Mexico, and highlights innovative solutions, such as high-tech farmers that practice precision agriculture and conservation farming methods; cattle farming while maintaining perennial cover on the landscape; and new technologies that hold water back on the land. Farmers, scientists, and entrepreneurs offer new ideas for meeting the goals of an ambitious, food-producing nation while ensuring the long-term health and sustainability of one of its most precious resources: the Mississippi River and its watershed.
Engaging, serious, and hopeful documentary video has proven to be an innovative and effective environmental education tool that reaches a broad audience of students and adults. Following the successful model of the recent Emmy award-winning television series Minnesota: A History of the Land, this new documentary will be broadcast on public television and be available in DVD format for local distribution.
Project Results Use and Dissemination
Troubled Waters: A Mississippi River Story will be broadcast on Twin Cities Public Television. Subsequent broadcasts are planned for the Minnesota Channel. Public television stations along the length of the Mississippi River will have the opportunity to air the film. A public premiere screening event is planned for October 3, 2010. The documentary is available in professional quality DVD format for educational uses. The DVD will be distributed to Mississippi River venues (e.g. the National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium and Mississippi National River and Recreation Area Interpretive Center).
For more information, visit _URL_


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An open source (FreeBSD license) screen space reflections implementation for Unity3D 5. Features GPU DDA for screen space ray casting (derived from Morgan McGuire & Mike Mara's work), backface depth buffer for per-pixel geometry thickness, distance attenuated pixel stride, rough/smooth surface reflection blurring, fully customizable for quality/speed and more.
Read more on implementation:
Add the SSR component to a Camera, see properties section below for details. Requires deferred rendering path and a scene made up of Standard Shader materials.
Currently tested and optimized for OSX & Windows. Physically correct handling of specular is faked for now.
Each of the 3 main passes can be optionally downsampled to trade quality for performance.
 - Backface Depth: The backface depth pass is used to calculate the 'thickness' of the current pixel by subtracting the frontface depth value. The frontface depth texture is always full resolution so downsampling the backface depth pass tends to only cause artifacts on object edges. Depending on scene depth range this can potentially be pushed pretty high with little affect on quality.
 - SSR: Downsampling the SSR ray cast pass drastically reduces the number of rays but obviously results in lower resolution reflections. For scenes with high roughness/low specularity this may be acceptable.
 - Blur: Downsampling the blur pass will increase the likelihood of halo artifacts but can be used to increase performance if needed.
For every pixel in the SSR pass a ray is cast. For every step of a ray the frontface and backface depth textures are sampled and ray intersection tests performed. This is the most demanding pass of the shader and so minimizing the number of steps per ray will have the biggest positive impact on performance. Depending on the scene it is possible to get acceptable results with a surprisingly small number of steps (less than 10 steps in some cases).
 - Iterations: The maximum allowed steps per ray. As this is a screen space ray cast, iterations can be thought of in pixels (iterations x pixel stride = maximum distance a ray can travel in pixels). Thus downsampling the SSR pass reduces the number of iterations required for a ray to travel the same distance in world space.
 - Binary Search Iterations: The number of iterations of binary search refinement to conduct on the final step of a ray cast. If pixel stride is set to 1 this is ignored. For higher pixel strides this can generally be set to around 1-5 with good results.
 - Pixel Stride: The number of pixels to jump each step of a ray cast. Higher values will result in less accurate reflections but allow rays to travel further for less iterations.
 - Pixel Stride Z Cuttoff: Pixel stride is attenuated based on surface distance from camera. This value is the distance from the camera at which point pixel stride becomes 1. For scenes with wide depth range (such as long shots of terrain) this allows for a large pixel stride to be used without affecting distant reflections.
 - Pixel Z Size Offset: This value is added to the calculated pixel "thickness" and can help mitigate artifacts caused by thin geometry or a downsampled backface depth pass. Generally this should be set to a low 0-1 range but depending on scene/settings may need to be set higher.
 - Max Ray Distance: The maximum distance a ray can travel in world space.
Reflection Fading:
Since SSR is a screen space effect, we rely on depth and normal passes for geometry information. This means that any geometry not rendered to the screen can not be reflected. To minimize the obviousness of this deficiency we can detect and smoothly fade these reflections.
 - Screen Edge Fade Start: A value between 0-1 that controls when reflections who's rays reach the screen edges will start to fade. 0 = center of screen, 1 = edge of screen. Values closer to 1 will result in a more abrupt fade, values closer to 0 will result in smoother fading. Generally 0.75 is a good value.
 - Eye Fade Start: The ray direction's Z value where reflections begin to fade. Reflections will be smoothly faded between this and the Z value set for Eye Fade End.
 - Eye Fade End: The ray direction's Z value where reflections are completely transparent.
Generally speaking, in PBR roughness/smoothness controls how sharp reflections appear. This is faked in the kode80SSR shader by using the roughness channel of the GBuffer to control the per-pixel radius of a bilateral blur pass.
 - Max Blur Radius: This value is the maximum radius allowed by the blur pass and is multiplied by the per-pixel roughness value from the Unity GBuffer. Setting this to 0 means reflection blurring is disabled regardless of roughness values.
 - Blur Quality: This value define the quality of the reflection blur. It depend from Max Blur Radius value.
An open source screen space reflections implementation for Unity3D 5.
No releases published
No packages published


text:
Int J Esthet Dent 10 (2015), No. 3 15. July 2015
Int J Esthet Dent 10 (2015), No. 3 (15.07.2015)
Page 468-485, PubMed:26171448
Wear behavior of zirconia substrates against different antagonist materials
Aldegheishem, Alhanoof / Alfaer, Ali / Brezavšček, Miha / Vach, Kirstin / Eliades, George / Att, Wael
Objective: This study assessed the wear behavior of different zirconia substrates with distinct surface roughness against different antagonist materials.
Method: Hemisphere-shaped specimens (diameter 5 mm) made out of different materials (VM9, Vintage ZR, IPS e.max Press, and human enamel) were used as antagonists against plates of three zirconia materials (P-NANOZr, Cercon HT, and Zenostar) with different surface roughness (smooth [Ra = 0.01], moderate [Ra = 0.1], and rough [Ra = 1]). Each group (n = 7) was exposed to thermomechanical fatigue in a mastication simulator to simulate 5 years of clinical service. All specimens were scanned using a laser scanner and volumetric loss was quantified. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate wear pattern, while Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the crystalline property of zirconia specimens.
Results: For zirconia, the smallest volumetric loss was recorded with smooth P-NANOZR against enamel antagonists (0.002 ± 0.002 mm3), whereas the greatest loss was observed with rough Cercon HT against Vintage antagonists (0.37 ± 0.14 mm3). For antagonists, smooth Zenostar against enamel antagonists yielded the smallest volumetric loss (0.03 ± 0.02 mm3), whereas the greatest loss values were recorded with rough Zenostar against VM9 antagonists (2.67 ± 0.35 mm3). A positive correlation was found between surface roughness of zirconia specimens and volume loss of base and antagonist specimens. PNANOZR showed less wear compared to other zirconia materials. The wear pattern was comparable among different specimens. Artificial aging did not influence the levels of tetragonal and monoclinic phases of different zirconia materials.
Conclusion: While microstructure shows a relatively smaller effect, surface roughness of zirconia has the greatest effect on its wear and on the wear of antagonists.


text:
Chapter 7: Understanding Excel Files
In This Chapter
Creating a new workbook
Opening an existing workbook
Saving and closing workbooks
Sharing workbooks with people who use an older version of Excel
This chapter describes the operations that you perform with workbook files: opening, saving, closing, and so on. It discusses how Excel uses files and provides an overview of the various types of files. Most of the file operations discussed here occur in the Backstage view, the screen that you see when you click the File button above the Excel Ribbon.
Creating a New Workbook
When you start Excel 2013, it displays a Start Screen that lists recently used files and shows templates that you can use as the basis for a new workbook. One of the template options is "Blank workbook," which gives you an empty workbook.
The Start Screen is new to Excel 2013. If you prefer to skip the Start Screen and always start with an empty workbook, choose File ⇒ Options. In the Excel Options dialog box, click the General tab and remove the check mark from the option labeled Show the Start Screen When This Application Starts.
After you start Excel, the empty workbook is called Book1. This workbook exists only in memory and hasn't been saved to disk. By default, this workbook contains one worksheet named Sheet1. If you're starting a project from scratch, you can use this blank workbook.
While you're working in Excel, you can create a new (empty) workbook at any time. Excel provides two ways...


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Nothing disturbs your rest quite like an intensive sweating session. There are, after all, few things more uncomfortable than waking up drenched despite a comfortable mattress, a cozy comforter, and pleasant dreams. And if it's happening with any sort of frequency, it can be a little bit alarming too. You may be wondering, why do I sweat in my sleep?
Generally speaking, night sweats are the result of relatively harmless and easy-to-fix issues, like the temperature of your bedroom or the material of your pajamas. And temperature fluctuation while you're resting is very normal. "The body's core temperature is typically between 97 and 99 degrees Fahrenheit, but it decreases during the nocturnal sleep phase, usually by 1.5 to 2 degrees," explains Peter Polos, M.D., Ph.D., a sleep medicine specialist and sleep expert for Sleep Number. This is essential for quality sleep, as a decrease in core temperature is one of the triggers that make you sleepy.
If that isn't happening, you may begin sweating profusely, which could be symptomatic of an underlying condition, says Neomi Shah, M.D., an associate professor of pulmonary and sleep medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
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It's also important to keep in mind that for women, night sweats could really be hot flashes. "Hot flashes may be difficult to distinguish from night sweats," says Juan J. Remos, M.D., the chief medical advisor and an internist for Gentera Center for Regenerative Medicine. "Hot flashes may begin with an unpleasant heat sensation in the chest, neck, or abdomen. A sudden warmth and visible skin redness in the chest, head, and neck follows."
With hot flashes, the sensation of warmth can last anywhere from three to four minutes to 20 or 30 minutes, and is typically followed by sweating in the same areas. Hot flashes at night are typically described by women as night sweats, but they are different—hot flashes can occur at any time and likely won't only come on at night, says Remos.
As a rule of thumb, if you're finding that your night sweats are consistent over the course of two to three months, it's worth paying a visit to your doctor, who can help diagnose the issue (if there is one). But before you panic, check out the most common causes of night sweats and how you can address them.
1. Your room is just too hot
What's the temperature of your bedroom right now? If it's anything other than 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, it's probably too hot, says W. Christopher Winter, M.D., a sleep specialist and the author of The Sleep Solution: Why Your Sleep Is Broken and How To Fix It.
Less breathable fabrics (like your flannel pajamas) can also contribute to your sweaty sleep woes. Breathable cotton is a better option for both your PJs and sheets.
Feeling hot can also impede your ability to actually fall asleep. In the process of drifting off, your body temperature should drop one to two degrees below normal, and it can't do that in a warm room.
2. You have hyperhidrosis, an excessive sweating disorder
Yes, that's a thing, and it essentially happens when a person sweats more than necessary (yes, including while they're sleeping), according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD).
One big difference between hyperhidrosis and run-of-the-mill sweating: Hyperhidrosis typically affects specific body parts, per the AAD, like your palms, feet, underarms, and head. Keep in mind, though, this is excessive sweating—the AAD describes hyperhidrosis as excessive sweating that interferes with daily activities (like opening doorknobs or using computers) in those who have it.
If you think you have hyperhidrosis, talk to your dermatologist—they can prescribe specific deodorants or other methods of treatment, like Botox injections to block sweat glands, per the AAD.
3. You're having nightmares
This is probably the simplest explanation for those sweats. Anything that causes "a sympathetic surge" (also known as a fight-or-flight response) can lead to sweating, per Shah. If you're having ongoing, persistent nightmares, see your doctor to find out what might be causing it (stress is often a culprit).
4. Your body's going through hormonal changes, like those related to menopause
One of the most common causes of night sweats for women is fluctuating estrogen levels. "Menopause is associated with hot flashes, so it's not uncommon for patients to report sweating even during their sleep," Shah says. But again, these may occur at other times during the day as well.
If a women is pregnant or on their period, those hormone fluctuations could lead to night sweats too. However, menopause tends to cause the most persistent sweats, and if it's truly affecting your quality of life or sleep, it's worth talking to your doctor. "Sweating from menopause is unpredictable, but if you talk to your ob-gyn about hormone replacement therapy, it could help keep your temperatures under control," says Shah.
5. You're anxious
Your stress can follow you into bed, and that can manifest in excessive sweating. "Increased sweating can be a physical symptom of anxiety, which is caused by an activated fight-or-flight response," explains Caroline Cederquist, M.D., a bariatric physician with a specialization in nutrition and metabolism and the founder of BistroMD. "The associated stress hormones increase energy expenditure and sweat is released to cool down body temperature."
If you find yourself feeling restless or tense before bed, or experiencing a rapid heart rate and rapid breathing, you can try to alleviate some of these feelings of stress through pre-bedtime meditation, limiting screen time, and setting aside a period (30 minutes or so) for winding down before bed.
6. You're exercising close to bedtime
When you exercise close to your bedtime, you can increase your metabolic rate, explains Polos. This, in turn, can result in your feeling warmer in the evening, especially if you're a hot sleeper to begin with.
"Try to squeeze your workout in about two hours before you plan to go to bed," Dr. Polos recommends.
7. You're taking antidepressants
Patients taking antidepressants can definitely see an uptick in night sweats, Shah says, as certain classes of medications can cause an adrenergic reaction, which has to do with your adrenaline levels and leads to sweating. If you're taking venlafaxine (or Effexor) or bupropion (or Wellbutrin, Zyban, or Aplenzin), you may experience more night sweats, Shah says.
But there's good news if you don't want to switch your antidepressant, as there are drugs docs can prescribe to calm down the adrenergic output, which won't counteract your mental health care.
8. Your body's fighting off an infection, like tuberculosis
"Infections in general are related to changes in temperature because they come with fevers that will break, and that is obviously a common reason to sweat," Shah says.
One rare infection that's commonly associated with night sweats: tuberculosis, which can infect any part of your body but is well known for its effect on your lungs. People with an immunocompromised condition, like HIV, can develop tuberculosis more easily, Shah says. You might start sweating in your sleep before you even start coughing or realize something is wrong, Shah says, so see a doc stat if the symptoms persist.
9. You have undiagnosed lymphoma
Lymphoma—a cancer of part of the immune system, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM)—can cause multiple symptoms like fever, weight loss, and, yes, night sweats, says Shah. Essentially, your body recognizes lymphoma as something it needs to fight off and raises its temperature to try to do so.
While these "soaking sweats," per the NLM, happen at night, heavy sweating might occur during the day too, so get to your M.D. if you're experiencing any other symptoms and they can test you for the condition, says Dr. Shah.
10. You're experiencing hypoglycemia related to your diabetes medication
Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop too low, and can cause a variety of symptoms including confusion, dizziness, and in some cases, night sweats. When your blood sugar level dips below a certain point, your body will use hormones, like cortisol, to try to preserve normal blood glucose levels and organ function, therefore activating the autonomic nervous system, which is in charge of your glands, explains Remos.
That activation can cause profuse sweating. Sometimes these sweats can come on suddenly and, when paired with confusion, may require the administration of glucose orally or intravenously, says Remos.
11. You have undiagnosed hyperthyroidism
Those with hyperthyroidism have an overactive thyroid that produces more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Thyroid hormone can affect the way the body uses energy, and some symptoms of it include muscle weakness, mood swings, and trouble tolerating heat, according to the NLM,
If you're experiencing night sweats related to hyperthyroidism, they may happen on a consistent schedule as opposed to randomly and will usually appear with other symptoms of the condition, says Remos.
12. You have a rare tumor in the adrenal gland known as a pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytomas are rare, usually benign tumors that start in the


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Knowledge is power
Applied knowledge creates change
Understanding and managing resources will be one of the major challenges in the future. At TAICT we believe that we have a responsibility to equip our children with suitable knowledge to face these threats. For this purpose we have come out with a series called TRASHONOMICS, which is a play on the words "Trash" and "Economics". The first booklet is a study of solid waste and its environmental, health and financial impact. Children are the best change-makers and this school program aims to empower them to lead the change by redefining the recent narrative on waste as something to be thrown away. Traditionally India has always been a recycling society, however fast growth and consumerism have completely debilitated these old traditions. We need to revive them and bring them into modern context. The second booklet is on liquid waste management, which concerns water consumption and management.


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This morning Amazon announced the support for a Virtual Private Cloud:
"We are excited to announce the limited beta of Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), a secure and seamless bridge between your existing IT infrastructure and the AWS cloud. Amazon VPC enables you to connect your existing infrastructure to a set of isolated AWS compute resources via a Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection, and to extend your existing management capabilities such as security services, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems to include your AWS resources. Amazon VPC integrates today with Amazon EC2 compute resources, and we will integrate Amazon VPC with other AWS services in the future."Amazon's VPC functionality:
- Create a Virtual Private Cloud on AWS's scalable infrastructure, and specify its private IP address range from any block you choose.
- Divide your VPC's private IP address range into one or more subnets in a manner convenient for managing applications and services you run in your VPC.
- Bridge together your VPC and your IT infrastructure via an encrypted VPN connection.
- Add AWS resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances, to your VPC.
- Route traffic between your VPC and the Internet over the VPN connection so that it can be examined by your existing security and networking assets before heading to the public Internet.
- Extend your existing security and management policies within your IT infrastructure to your VPC as if they were running within your infrastructure.


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Who's it for? What's it for?
CHIMACTIV covers the field of chemical analysis, with special emphasis on complex matrices such as foods or drugs. Bearing in mind that the laboratory is a complex environment for learning, we have produced resources with different degrees of complexity.
The more accessible sections cover basic aspects related to safety in the lab as well as descriptions of common equipment and tasks (some content is accessible for high school students). Sections related to food and drug analyses are of a higher degree of complexity, and therefore, concrete applications are presented with detailed experimental procedures, extensively illustrated by short videos. The highest level of complexity is associated with sections dedicated to methodological aspects, which are of great importance in master's degrees.


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April 12, 2011 5:43 AM
Kathryn Hobgood Ray
Imagine a future where buildings are smart enough to "talk" — at least to tell you when you are wasting precious natural resources and need to adjust temperature, water consumption, power or lighting. The Tulane University School of Architecture has teamed up with IBM to launch a pilot program to do just that, by uniting computer technology with green building practices.
Richardson Memorial Hall, the home of the School of Architecture, will be the first Tulane building to go online in the pilot program, officially called "Smart Building Solutions." Technology is being installed in the building now, with an eye toward a future renovation project.
"Richardson Memorial will undergo a major renovation starting in a few years," says architecture dean Kenneth Schwartz. "The challenge for us is to take a structure that's over 100 years old and make it smarter, more efficient and effective in the way it operates."
According to Schwartz, Tulane's opportunity to participate in the program came about thanks to Randall Dalia, an IBM executive who is an alumnus of the architecture school and the A. B. Freeman School of Business.
Two Tulane departments are involved in the project — technology services will oversee the computer programming and databases, while facilities services will manage the building. "We're operating under the mantra, 'If you can't measure it, you can't manage it,"' says Charlie McMahon, Tulane's chief technology officer. "We'll be able to collect data about usage and incorporate what we learn into the renovation project so we can have a more energy efficient building when we are done."
McMahon says that Richardson Memorial will serve as a "living laboratory" for the architecture faculty and students to see firsthand the impact of building energy management techniques into a historic structure. Says McMahon, "They'll learn about what works and doesn't work in energy management in an older building like Richardson."
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 _PHONE_ _EMAIL_


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Telemonitoring is offered to high-risk patients in an effort to easily monitor their health and key vital signs. The equipment is simple for patients to use, and readings are automatically transmitted through telephone lines.
Telehealth is a device installed in the homes of patients with chronic health conditions. It automatically measures and transmits vital-sign readings daily. The service is effective for those with congestive heart failure, diabetes, or high blood pressure.
A visiting nurse will set up the equipment in the home and explain its use. The machine is pre-programmed with information about each person. Daily monitoring is painless and takes only a few minutes. It requires the person to step onto a scale and attach a monitoring cuff to the arm. Daily readings will be compared to standards for such variables as weight, blood pressure, or pulse. If there is a problem, the current day's readings will automatically be transmitted to the nurse and primary care physician for action. The nurse will coordinate the necessary care with the primary care physician.


Dough You Love Me: A Laminated Pastry Dough FAQ and a Daring Bakers Challenge
Danish Pastry Time
It's late June, and high time for another Daring Bakers Challenge. This month's challenge? A Danish Braid. What, never heard of Danish Braid? Well, neither had we, but let us tell you, it's one doozy of a recipe (check it out here), prominently featuring laminated dough--a component which can strike fear into the hearts of even accomplished bakers. OK, to be fair though, perhaps it's not so much difficult as it is time consuming and trying on one's patience, what with its multiple between-step chillings and wait periods. However, rather than using these lag times to say, watch Law & Order or to read In Touch Weekly we instead took it upon ourselves to become better acquainted with the world of laminated doughs--here's a bit of what we learned:
You say that Danish Dough is a laminated dough. What precisely does that mean?
According to, "Laminated Dough" is made by encasing butter in dough, and taking it through a series of folds, rolling and turns to produce layers of butter in between sheets of dough. The leavening in these doughs is mainly derived from the steam generated by the moisture from the butter--the laminated fat traps water vapor and carbon dioxide formed during baking, and as steam expands in the oven, it lifts and separates the individual layers.
One of the more famous types of laminated dough is Puff Pastry (which makes mille-fueilles), which rises solely on the steam and has a bit more butter; however, Danish dough, its close laminated cousin, gets an added lift (literally) from yeast.
Additionally, as smart and cute Cakespy reader E-Dizzle clarifies:
There are three basic laminated doughs: Puff pastry has no yeast, and is used to make yummy things like palmiers, cheese twists and any sort of super-flaky tart or crust. The dough itself isn't sweet, so it can be used for sweet or savory pastries.
Croissant dough and danish dough are very similar, both containing yeast. But croissant doughs are considered very "lean" (crazy, I know) because the detrempe (which I just call "the doughy bit") has only flour, salt, water and yeast. Danish dough, however, is considered "rich" because it contains eggs and dairy, and sometimes sugar.
In the recipe, there's a term called "détrempe". What is that?
We think we figured it out though: détrempe refers to the dough part of the pastry, before the second part, the "beurrage"--the butter part--is added, which is what "laminates" it (in shiny buttery deliciousness).
Croissants at Belle Epicurean at their stand in the University MarketHello, Carbohydrates! layman's terms, what is the difference between Danish Dough and Puff Pastry (two of the laminated doughs cited above)?
Puff Pastry has more butter and no yeast--the resulting pastry is flaky and melt-in-your-mouth buttery. Danish dough contains yeast, which we find gives it a slightly chewier and less flaky texture.
Carbohydrates!If they were to have a faceoff, which would win--puff pastry or danish dough?
Really, would you ask us to choose between a flaky puff pastry or a delicious Danish? Apples and oranges, we tell you. Surely here's enough room in the world for all sorts of dough. Vive le carbohydrate!
What are some examples of pastries made with Danish Dough?
Well, the Danish, naturally--but pinwheels, envelopes and turnovers are frequently made using this type of dough. Also, though not always, a lot of kolache recipes call for a Danish-y dough.
Kolaches, Great Harvest Bread, Ballard, SeattleWhoa, sidebar: what's a kolache?
According to Wikipedia, Kolache (also spelled kolace, kolach, or kolacky, from the Czech and Slovak plural koláče) are a type of pastry consisting of fillings ranging from fruits to cheeses inside a bread roll. Originally only a sweet dessert from Central Europe, they have become popular in parts of the United States (strangely, they seem to have a big concentration in the American midwest, with kolache havens occurring in Oklahoma and Texas, which both boast annual Kolache festivals; however, Montgomery MN cites itself as the "Kolacky Capital of the World". Fighting words, anyone?). A picture of a kolache we found in Seattle at the Great Harvest Bread Company's Ballard location, is pictured left.
Can puff pastry and Danish Dough be used interchangeably?Columbia City Bakery Fruit and Cream Danish
We can't say for sure since we haven't tried, and really there would be nothing wrong with the flavor combinations per se--in fact, we've even seen Danish that has had the distinct look of puff pastry (see left, photo of a cream-and-fruit Danish from the Columbia City Bakery in Seattle). Will we be making this leap in the future though? Don't look out for it--our fear of ruining a delicious recipe is too great. Though perhaps this just means we're pastry prudes who badly need to take a walk on the wild side.
Why does it take so long to make my own dough?
Well, they say that Rome wasn't built in a day, and similarly, good Danish Dough must not be rushed. While the waiting periods (a half hour here to chill, another half hour there) may seem fussy, we advise that you wait it out--the taste of your baked goods will reward you at the end. And plus, all of those waiting periods leave you so much time to find cool stuff on the internet or even to drop by the nearest bakery to pick up an appetizer sweet.
Why are so many laminated doughs braided, slit or otherwise disfigured on top?
Though this can add visual appeal, it is mainly to let excess steam out while baking.
...speaking of which, shouldn't you be checking on your Danish braid about now?
#$%! Be right back.
Pastry Time!
(Several moments pass; we return to our questioning, with the slightest bit of sugary glaze and fruit filling still clinging around the corners of our mouths--see left).
It's clear your mind is on other things now. So...where can I learn more about laminated doughs?
Well, we recently saw a great show by Alton Brown explaining all about Puff Pastry (and boy is he cute!), or you could also turn to, a site operated by Pepperidge Farms which has recipes, forums and information on laminated doughs; for more information on all things laminated dough (both Puff Pastry and Danish Dough), also visit!
Postscript: The chewing resumes, the light dims, and yes--our spies realize that really and truly, homemade Danish Dough--especially when filled with fresh preserves (we chose cherry)--is a thing of beauty.


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Definitions of pod:
- noun: a detachable container of fuel on an airplane
- noun: a group of aquatic mammals
- noun: a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant
- noun: the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)
- verb: produce pods, of plants
- verb: take something out of its shell or pod
Example: "Pod peas or beans"
- name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #79710)
Search for pod at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


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When to Allow the Male Dog to See His Puppies?by Naomi Millburn
"Mom handles all my basic needs."
Female dogs have intense maternal drives, and generally do whatever they can to nurture and protect their litters of puppies. When it comes to parenting, male dogs don't come close to the females. Male dogs, for the most part, don't display any fatherly behaviors toward their offspring.
Wait a Few Weeks
Mother dogs are extremely busy after they give birth. They have a lot on their plates, from nursing to cleaning their helpless young puppies. Because of this, they usually prefer the fathers being away in the beginning, typically for the initial four weeks, indicates California-based veterinarian Glenn Craft. Mother dogs sometimes find the males to be nuisances when they're tending to their newborn babies. Mother dogs also might be wary that the males will be too rough with the delicate puppies. If you're looking after a litter of pups, consider letting the father see them when they hit the 4-week mark. Mother dogs are usually starting to wean their puppies at this time.
Canine Fatherly Presence
While male dogs aren't usually the most natural parents, their presence can sometimes be helpful for puppies. The father can help set examples for the little ones, especially when it comes to canine social etiquette and playtime. He can also help the wee pups learn about social ranking in the doggie world. Status is a big component of life as a dog, and this harks back to their wild "pack" origins. It isn't uncommon to see puppies copy their father's actions. With your careful supervision, you can consider letting the father play with the little ones, as long as they're fully weaned. Puppies are typically totally weaned by between 7 and 8 weeks old.
When you introduce the male dog to his puppies, you can do so by bringing them directly to him -- sans mom. If you opt for the father to come to the puppies himself, gently hold the mother back at first to avoid a potential confrontation. It's important to never let the mother dog feel in any way threatened by the father. She's extremely defensive of her puppies, after all. Make sure the mother knows that she's still the one in charge. If you sense that the father is envious in any way, remove him from the area immediately. Envious male dogs sometimes hurt their youngsters. Always supervise encounters between a male dog and his puppies, especially in the beginning when you're not certain how they'll act together.
Aggression is Rare
Although envy can sometimes make male dogs behave aggressively toward their offspring, it's not at all the norm. Male dogs rarely behave fiercely with their puppies, notes author Gino Pugnetti. They tend to display positive intentions toward their puppies. If they feel that their puppies are in danger, they often even defend them.
Video of the Day
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Paama or Paamese is an Austronesian language spoken by about 7,000 people in Paama island, a part of Malampa Province in Northern Vanuatu, and in others parts of Vanuatu. It is a member of the Oceanic branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and is closely related to Southeastern Ambrym, though the two languages are not mutually intelligible.
Paama alphabet and pronunciation
Paama alphabet and pronunciation
Tower of Babel in Paama
Information about Paama language
Malayo-Polynesian languages
Other languages written with the Latin alphabet
Learn Chinese Characters with the Omniglot Chinese app | Language Jobs at
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balustradeArticle Free Pass
balustrade, low screen formed by railings of stone, wood, metal, glass, or other materials and designed to prevent falls from roofs, balconies, terraces, stairways, and other elevated architectural elements.
The classic Renaissance balustrade consisted of a broad, molded handrail supported by a series of miniature columns of freely adapted traditional form. On building exteriors it was made of stone; in interiors, often of wood. These supporting columns are known as balusters and may be of shaped wood or metal and either decorated or not. In modern balustrades the uprights are frequently of metal and placed far apart to support horizontal rails of wood or panels of glass or plastic.
The pulpit balustrade in Siena Cathedral, Italy, and the parapet of the Pitti Palace, Florence, constitute good examples of classic balustrades.
What made you want to look up "balustrade"? Please share what surprised you most...


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Microsoft Word/Word 2010 Banded Table w/ Simple Watermark
Hello and thank you for fielding my question. I am making a songbook with a watermark on each page. It seemed simple enough. The songbook consists of a three column table in word. Each page has a heading, Song Title-Artist-NUM. As you can guess, it's a karaoke songbook for our basement setup. The kids love it. We do, too. Anyway, we want a watermark hovering over the table, but a banded table always steps on the watermark. The banded rows won't allow the watermark to "come to front" or whatever it's called. I was successful by putting the desired watermark design, let's call it ENNUI--on top of the textual banded table. I will attach examples for you.
What I wish to do is make the entire document--which will be around 340 pages--with the same graphic on every page, essentially a watermark--just as in example 3. Is this possible? I'm trying to figure out how to do this without having to make and format the table, then go to each page, paste and format the photo. I've tried making a.dotx, and other stuff, but nothing quite works. Can you help me?
Very best regards,
It's a known problem that watermarks and tables don't play well together. In this instance, I don't think there is any alternative to what you're doing. A watermark is just a washed-out graphic anchored to the header and formatted as Behind Text. The only way to get any content to repeat on every page is to put it in (or anchored to) the header or footer, but, even if you format the watermark as In Front of Text, it won't be in front of the text in the document body. You'll have to decide whether having the watermark is important enough to you to justify the effort of putting it on every page. Consider also that this will hugely increase the file size.
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PATHFINDER is the all new diagnostic system specifically designed and released for the introduction of the following vehicles.Land Rover:
- Range Rover L405 (17MY)
- Range Rover Sport L494 (17MY)
- New Discovery L462 (17MY)
- F-TYPE X152 (18MY)
- F-PACE X761 (18MY)
- XE X760 (18MY)
- XF X260 (18MY)
These vehicles have been designed to communicate with new high speed communication protocols. This allows faster software download, programming and communication, making it faster to use and saving valuable time.
These vehicles can ONLY communicate with the all new PATHFINDER diagnostic software using the new Diagnostics over Internet Protocol (DoIP) Vehicle Communication Interface (VCI) unit which conforms to the new communication protocol.
There are no products in this section


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Market Garden City
What is Market Garden City?
Market Garden City is an emerging planning concept from the 2014 Wolfson Prize Essay by Gary Young & Hannah Smart.
"Our Wolfson essay argued that both historic towns and new towns have evolved over time to become staunch guardians of their inherited and imperfect gardens and green belts. This has become the accepted status quo without understanding the loss of real'market gardens' which could produce food locally, giving access to open space and sustaining the community".
The essay title stems from the practice of market gardening, a common and essential balance of rural and urban living until the mid 20th century. Local growers provided fresh food delivered daily to markets in towns or cities feeding the local urban population. Market Garden City is a planning concept put forward by landscape architects and urban designers to illustrate how this balance could be recreated as a new type of 21st Century garden city. The concept creates a plan from the small scale and specific to the universal, providing a role at the beginning for either individuals or small group.
The plan describes how the measurement of space available to grow food can be correlated to a potential for calories and hence a daily supply of nutrition. Starting from an understanding of how an individual could effectively grow a percentage of their own food, the plan would then support and develop skills to up-scale to a larger self-sufficient community using, food-share hubs, knowledge-share, innovative food growing technologies and delivery. The spatial plan would ensure sufficient open space, building surfaces or interiors and distribution hubs are available fro growing food to meet demand locally, expanding from this group capability towards an entirely sustainable local population.
"Where an individual could start one day with an area of just 1m2 to supply food and sustain themselves for the equivalent of 1 day, then, over time, learn to grow the idea collectively at local level to achieve sustainable food for themselves and others over 365 days a year".
Has this approach been considered before and why is it especially relevant today?
The Market Garden City has existed before, where localised food production has enabled cities to prosper and survive for centuries before globalisation, yet its importance has been forgotten during the 20th century. This is not because the Market Garden City is impossible to achieve, rather because local food production for local people has not been seen as a long term investment, has not been valued highly enough, or given incentives to compete with alternative global economies. The scientific facts demonstrating human impact on the planet are clear and require urgent action. Continuing irreversible environmental damage, "the do nothing scenario" and hoping for unproven planet scale technical fixes is not a plausible alternative. The consequences of inaction are no longer just science fiction.
In addition to man made climate change, a wide mixture of global trends affecting food self-sufficiency: historic patterns of capital and land ownership, trade tariffs, depletion of natural resources, increasing prosperity for some and poverty for others. Rapid changes and efficiency gains have convinced that large scale agricultural practice and global transportation are better than local, however these methods are heavily dependent on fossil fuels.
Food supply is affected by a growing population with economic pressure to leave rural areas resulting in the need to spend more time commuting longer distances to work in urban areas. Combined with the demand generated by media for luxury foods, this has resulted in widespread consumption of prepackaged and non seasonal food. Together with lack of available land this has culminated in communities and businesses being unwilling, deskilled or not able to afford time or money to select or provide food from local sources for self-sufficiency.
We require the land area equivalent to three times our planet earth through human exploitation of earths resources beyond sustainable levels. This includes food production and lifestyle and is adversely affecting all species. However, a growing number of champions are protecting the environment, understanding the science and advocating ethical choices. There is hope that young people could be leaders of a sustainable future. This momentum inspired our publication of Market Garden City, providing a reasoned planning approach to support food grown locally.
Does Market Garden City have a wide application or is it just relevant to the UK?
The Market Garden City concept started by understanding the UKs specific food growing conditions and a recent history of market gardens. The concept of sustainable food growing would be adaptable more widely with proper consideration of local soil, climate, external or internal space available, local economies and food growing opportunities. Each approach would then create benchmarks from the calories required for a population to be generated from food produced in the available local areas. Taking into account the specific local conditions, monitoring the food produced, the plan would balance the available areas and demonstrate needs for further progress towards sustainability. The local spatial plan would demonstrate how food production would be integrated within and around villages, towns and cities.
There are positive conclusions from Market Garden City. Sufficient amounts of good quality land could be available. The awareness and value of local food is growing. Incremental plans could be scaled up to build cohesion. A growing web based community can provide real information on why, how and what can be done. The instincts of a sociable population can influence and direct to such an extent that vast untapped community resources makes local food production a reality.
A "Market garden city....without limits: the truly green ecumenopolis".
This concept has potential, it is not science fiction, it would sustain an entire planet, providing local food for all its species, human, flora and fauna.
How can Market Garden City concept begin to influence individuals and communities?
The Market Garden City concept demonstrates how the daily amount of calories required by a typically active person can have a spatial dimension established from reviewed metrics to estimate the area needed to grow a range of foods for sustenance. The examples show the amount of space required for food one day or a year for a range of produce, predominantly vegetable and fruit with some eggs and dairy. For example in the UK potatoes are the most effective food grown to create maximum calories from minimum space, however will need more variety to provide a suitable mixed diet. Although meat as a food source has higher calorific return per kg, it is not considered in this concept for two reasons: the areas required would be between 10 to 30 times the examples shown, exceeding areas which are viable for the concept. Equally, the Market Garden City concept aims to promote small scale local horticulture for self sufficiency, which is the opposite of large scale agriculture, and emphasises how scaling up from an individual to a whole community is feasible and desirable.
Illustrations from Market Garden City explaining some detail of the idea:
Minimum = 365m 2 per person
(equal to 1m 2 per day of each year). This would consist of a diet providing maximum food energy from potatoes with little variation.
Standard = 730m 2 per person
(equal to 2m 2 per day of each year). This would consist of a diet on mainly potatoes with some veg etable and fruit variation.
Variety = 1095m 2 per person
(equal to 3m 2 per day of each year). With a diet consisting of potatoes with some vegetables, fruit, dairy and eggs.


text:
Kinematic singularity avoidance for robot manipulators using set-based manipulability tasks
MetadataShow full item record
This paper proposes a novel method for kinematic singularity avoidance for robot manipulators. Using set-based singularity avoidance tasks within the singularity-robust multiple task priority framework, avoidance of kinematic singularities is guaranteed without interfering with the convergence of compatible equality tasks. Non-compatible equality tasks will still be fulfilled to the extent possible. In addition, the method can be used to reconfigure the robot into a more dexterous configuration. The proposed method is applicable to both redundant and nonredundant robots, with both fixed base and floating base. The implementation is generic and independent of the type and number of tasks. Although also applicable for non-redundant fixed base robot manipulators, this novel approach is particularly well suited for highly redundant and/or floating base manipulators, since the robot configuration can be changed to improve the dexterity of the manipulator arm. We demonstrate the method by applying it to an underwater swimming manipulator, which is an innovative and highly redundant underwater floating base manipulator. Furthermore, simulation results are presented that illustrate and validate the proposed method.


text:
Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths
Who is STEM Learning?
STEM Learning is an organisation devoted to enrich academically-minded students all the way from Primary School to Higher Education at Universities. Not only does STEM Learning develop students, they also support teachers and other educators, in order to further influence the power of their education across schools to colleges.
Furthermore, STEM Learning are also responsible for enabling individuals with the wish to inspire to become STEM Ambassadors and host STEM Clubs. By setting up a STEM account, you could be on the way to massively upstart your professional career.
Who are the STEM Ambassadors?
At the University of Greenwich Engineering Society, all of the founding members are certified STEM Ambassadors. STEM Ambassadors are simply those who are willing to give up their free time, in order to engage their audience with the wide range of STEM appliances, from 3D printers, drones and much more.
Currently, the STEM Ambassadors that are within the Engineering Society are:
- Richard Blair
- Lauren Aves
- Nathan Arnold
- Brett Wade
- Rob Gladwell
Thanks to the opportunities and resources provided by STEM Learning, the University of Greenwich Engineering Society are dedicated to enhancing the engagement towards STEM-related fields, towards younger pupils, whilst providing a fantastic opportunity to develop, or even kick-start your professional career for the future.


Tuesday Jan 29, 2013
Defining Essbase Security using Metaread Filter
Defining security in multidimensional databases like Essbase is a subject that some administrators would rather prefer to get around. Anyway it's no rocket science and follows a clear logic, how read, write or no access should be applied to applications, databases or numbers in the database, by using filters, in order to achieve the respective settings for making data available to users – or even not available. But there is another, fourth setting available in Essbase filters, which some administrators are not yet aware of, or at least not aware of how to apply it correctly: the so called Metaread access setting. So let's have a look at this very useful option and shed some light on its efficient use.
Not only giving or denying access to the data and figures in an Essbase database is frequently required, but also in some cases blocking the user's ability to see members and hierarchy, in other words parts of the metadata. This is what the Metaread filter addresses. But Metaread in various ways is different from the other three filter options, None, Read and Write. First of all, as it does not apply to the data/numbers in the database like all the others, but to metadata, where it limits visibility of members and parts of the hierarchy. Also it doesn't know an AND logic, but only OR. And finally it overrides definitions made with Read or Write in the way, that even granted Read or Write data access on given members or member combinations cannot be executed, when Metaread definitions exclude these members from being seen at all by the user.
So how does it work in detail: Usually users can display all metadata, meaning they can see all members in the hierarchy, even if no Read or Write data access is given to them on these members. Metaread now adds another layer to existing filter definitions and enforces them by removing certain members or branches from the user's view. It only allows users to see the explicitly defined members and their ancestors in the hierarchy, where for the ancestors only the hierarchy/member names are visible, while for the declared members always at least read access for the respective data is granted. In the case that data Write access would be given at the same time for the members defined in Metaread, this access would be maintained as Write and not reduced to read-only. Siblings of the defined Metaread members are not visible at all. This is illustrated in the example below.
essbase screenshot
For all other cells not being specified in the Metaread filter, unless not defined differently in another filter, the minimum database access applies, first the one defined at the user access level, or with second priority the setting from the global database access level, like this would be also the case with the common filter definitions.
Of course, also for Metaread, overlapping definitions might occur, but here we have to watch out as they are again treated in a different way, like the following example referring to the hierarchy seen above shows:
essbase screenshot
This definition, unlike for None, Read or Write, would not grant data access to California and West. Instead it would allow data access only to California, but not to its parent West, for which only the hierarchy would be shown. In order to avoid these conflicting settings for Metaread, it is recommended to define all members from the same dimension in one single filter row, hence the correct way to define data access on both members would be:
essbase screenshot
So as you can see, Metaread is a bit special, but not that complicated to use. And it adds another helpful option to the common None, Read and Write settings in Essbase security filters.
Want to learn more?
Please drop me a note directly if you have any questions: _EMAIL_.
About the Author:
Angela Chandler
« November 2015


CD Statistics Howto
This article details how the CD statistics are generated on this site.
Firstly it is fairly obvious that the CD's need to be in some file format on a server. I have all my CD's stored in MP3 format although Squeezecenter can handle other formats (e.g. flac). This allows a decent quality and for them to be easily loaded onto portable players. The format of the files doesn't matter for the purposes of this article.
Squeezebox 2
I run a Linux server hosting a number of services, not least this web site!
The audio files are handled by a piece of software called Squeezecenter (formally Squeezebox server) which allows the files to be streamed to audio devices. I currently have two squeezebox players in the house.
The Squeezecenter software stores all the information about the audio files in a database. by default this database is SqLite although it is possible to configure it to use MySQL.
In order to get the detailed playing statistics about the various files it is necessary to add the TrackStat plugin to Squeezecenter. This adds extra tables to the database to hold play information about the tracks.
Then it is simply a matter of using the appropriate SQL queries to retrieve the information from the database and format it appropriately for the web page.
I use php to do this.
For example the SQL query to get the top ten tracks played is:
select t1.title, sum(t4.playcount) as f, t2.contributor, from tracks as t1,
contributor_track as t2, contributors as t3, track_statistics as t4 where = t2.track
and t1.url = t4.url and t2.contributor = and t2.role=1 and t4.playcount > 0
group by order by f desc, title limit 10
This will return 10 rows ordered by the play count descending.
It is then a simple matter of formatting the output of this into a table.
The php code I use to produce a table of this information is:
$result = $conn->query($query);
print "";
print "Top 10 Albums";
print "AlbumTracks Played\n";
while( $row = $result->fetcharray()) {
 print "$row[0]";
 if( $row[3] == 1 ) {
 print "Various Artists";
 else {
 print "$row[2]";
 print "";
 $count = $row[1];
 print "$count\n";
 print "";
Note that when using SqLite the main database is in the squeezecenter cache directory and is called library.db. The track play count data used by the trackstat plugin is in a file called persist.db. To get the data, both files need to be open.
Another thing to be aware of is that Squeezecenter by default has the file permissions set so that ordinary users cannot access them. As the web server runs as user apache (on my system) then this user cannot access the files.
This requires the file permissions to be changed to allow read access to the world. Be aware that this will obviously compromise security on shared systems. The web user only needs read access.
A slight complication is that Squeezecenter will reset the file permissions when it is restarted. This is annoying because after a system restart (normally due to updates being applied) the web user cannot access the database files and hence displays nothing.
I overcame this by adding a line in rc.local in /etc (a file which is executed at the end of the boot procedure) to change the file permissions.


text: Welcome to the Teacher Zone of the Understanding Canadian Diversity in Alberta Edukit. Informatics, Multimedia, and the Activities section contain all the material that you and your students will need to use the instructional plans. In the Teacher: Elementary Zone is the lesson plan for Grade 4 which has Students create ethnocultural displays and present them at a Mini Heritage Days Festival. Contained in the Teacher: Secondary Zone are the lesson plans for grades 7, 9, and 10. These plans address Human Rights, Immigration, and Rights and Responsibilities.


Nigeria, Eq. Guinea sign oil fields deal
2002-04-03 17:34
Abuja - Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea on Wednesday signed an agreement for the unitisation of oil fields along their common maritime boundary.
Signing the agreement in Abuja, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo and his Equatorial Guinea counterpart Obang Mbasogo said it was a testimony of the two countries' determination to solve all bilateral issues and encourage co-operation.
Obasanjo and Mbasogo called on officials of both countries and operators of Nigeria's TotalFinaElf fields and Equatorial Guinea's Exxon Mobil fields to ensure the smooth implementation of the protocol.
In his speech Obasanjo said that the agreements on the unitisation of the oil fields showed the determination of both countries to establish effective border management regime.
Such a regime, he added, would ensure a systematic approach to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon resources along the two countries' maritime boundary line.
He said that they could work together to protect the economic and strategic interests in the Gulf of Guinea and added that the financial benefits would be used to improve the lives of citizens of both countries.
They also called on other African leaders to emulate their example and settle all boundary problems amicably.
Political analysts, however, question the timing of the agreement. They say that Nigeria is trying to refute neighbouring Cameroon's claims to the oil-rich Bakassi peninsula because it is a bigger country.
Nigeria and Cameroon concluded their five-week appearance at the International Court at the Hague last week, where they both stated their cases on the ownership of Bakassi. - Sapa-DPA


Cat Sudden Coughing Fit
It may also be a sign of congestive heart failure, which be diagnosed with an ultrasound or electrocardiogram. Realizing your cat is coughing and bringing him to the veterinarian early is the best way to keep your cat healthy.
Catscher TShirt Things to sell, Cats, Mens tops
There are a few things you can do to help keep your kitty cough free:
Cat sudden coughing fit. Cats often get sick when. A cat that is coughing, even occasionally, for two weeks or more likely has a chronic medical issue that needs attention, even if he is not experiencing other symptoms of illness. This can cause us great anxiety, but usually the wheezing fit calms down after a short time.
Coughing is not commonly associated with heart disease in cats although it is a frequent clinical sign in dogs and humans. Henry steinman + 2 years ago. Paroxysmal coughing is commonly caused by bordetella pertussis bacterium.
Vomiting after coughing could be a gag reflex as you mentioned. This should be the first thing you check when your cat is coughing. There could be several reasons why a cat starts coughing incessantly, bearing in mind that the act of coughing in an automatic, involuntary behaviour which happens when a cat's airways need to be unblocked.
What are the causes of a cat sneezing fit? This bacterium infects your respiratory tract (your nose, throat, windpipe, and lungs) and causes whooping cough. Let's delve into a few.
This will elicit an immediate sneezing response in a sensitive cat. If a cough persists for more than 24 hours or if something seems to be stuck in your cat's mouth or throat and you cannot remove it, take your cat to the veterinarian. For coughs caused by simple matters such as hairballs, then fixing your cat's diet should prevent any reoccurrences.
See also Ct Scan Near Me Cost
If a cat has what appears to be the wet form of the disease, laboratory analysis of some of the fluid can support a diagnosis of fip. (130847 views) test for cushings? The other is continued fits of coughing.
Cigarette smoke is among the most common allergens. Be sure to consult with your veterinarian if your cat is coughing excessively or if the cough is accompanied by other signs. If her collar feels tight, loosen it a bit and see if the coughing.
Another possibility coudl be that she is trying to cough up a hairball. How to treat cat coughing. However, it's not usually a cause for concern.
Coughing is one of the most powerful reflexes in the body and is essential for keeping airways free of accumulated secretions and foreign material. Coughing may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as runny nose or eyes and fever. Learn about the illnesses that could be making your cat sneeze here.
A 1994 study reported that cats with signs suggestive of fip, who also had a high coronavirus antibody level, reduced numbers of lymphocytes and high levels of globulins in the bloodstream, had an 88.9 percent. As such, any breed of cat at any stage of their lives might start coughing which in medical. Acid reflux (also known as gerd) is a common cause of coughing after eating.
The rising stomach acid reaches the. It can be very upsetting to see your cat have a seizure. Pressure on your cat's windpipe can cause damage and lead to a cough.
Unfortunately, the difference between a cat wheezing and a cat coughing up a hairball can be hard to tell, but if you don't notice anything coming up, it's probably wheezing. Make life sweeter for a coughing cat. Learn more about the causes and treatments of the condition here.
See also Cat Swollen Red Bottom Lip
The medical term for coughing is tussis, and this condition can be found in cats of all ages and breeds. Coughing may accompany upper respiratory tract disease when irritation or inflammation affects the larynx or trachea, or a disease in the nose that results in excessive secretions draining into the larynx and trachea. The treatment for cat coughing depends on the type of cough and the causes behind it.
Have you ever noticed your cat sneezing? But it could also spell trouble. Prognosis of coughing in cats the likelihood of treatments being successful vary with the diagnosis.
Seizures happen when abnormal electrochemical activity occurs in the brain. Along with the wheezing, towards the end of an asthmatic fit, the cat may make a weird noise which sounds like gurgling. Fortunately a single seizure is usually of short duration, and your cat is unconscious while convulsing.
A cat sneezing once in a while is normal. My dog is breathing rapidly, about 60 times per minute, night and day, but otherwise. They can occur as a single event, as a cluster of seizures over a short period, or on a recurring basis every few weeks or months.
As coughing is rare in cats, it can be simple to get rid of it once the cause has been determined. Few months ago, there is a small tiny transparent bubble grow under the skin below. There are various reasons your cat may be coughing a lot.
Coughing in cats is a symptom of a problem, rather than a problem in its own right. Allergens like pollen, mold, cat litter, dust and cigarette smoke might trigger asthma. (6361 views) black lump under cat's eye.
See also Lilac Merle French Bulldog For Sale Near Me
While we have all heard of sudden death from heart disease in people, it is not commonly known that animals can have sudden heart problems that can also lead to death. Sometimes, it's as simple as a tight collar restricting your cat's breathing. When the cough receptors in the larynx (the area at the back of the throat), the trachea (windpipe) or the bronchial tree (smaller airways), are stimulated or irritated a cough will result.
Following are some of the common causes of coughing after eating: This will likely be accompanied by watery eyes. One of them is a brief cough to clear the throat.
Cats can be allergic to anything in their environment. Common causes of cat coughing tight collars. If your cat has received treatment, you should still keep a watch in case the cough returns.
Coughing while eating or after eating can be of two types. If no hair comes up, then it is possible that there is an accumulation of hair in the small intestine that is too far distal to be brought up. If your cat has started sneezing all of a sudden, think about the home environment.
It sometimes may seem like your cat keeps coughing but nothing comes up.
Mew York TShirt Cat theme, Cat lovers, Cat clothes
Awe..Dixie so pretty Pretty, Griffons
This is sudden bm Gan l 'call vou mommy. iFunny
「My Lovely TAMA」おしゃれまとめの人気アイデア｜Pinterest｜jijibaba
Everyone knows that cats like to play with yarn, but did
A cough is a sudden and often repetitively occurring
Pin on dogs
America's Most Unwanted Pet Health Conditions Kennel
Everyone knows that cats like to play with yarn, but did
Pin on healthy and fit
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text:
Q: It's spring and I can hear the peepers once again, which raises a question. Where on earth did the words "tadpole" and "pollywog" come from? They seem to mean the same thing, but they don't seem to have anything in common linguistically, except perhaps for "pole" and "poll."
A: You're onto something there.
The larvae of frogs and toads—known popularly as "tadpoles" and "pollywogs"—have big round heads. And the old noggin sense of the word "poll" is very likely the key to the etymologies of those common names.
"Poll" probably came into English from the Middle Dutch word pol (top, summit), and there are similar words in other Germanic languages. Beyond this, the word's etymology is uncertain, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
The term has been in English in one form or another since around 1300, and it has various meanings relating to the head.
Among other things, it can mean the crown, the scalp, the area where hair grows, and, in the words of the OED, "the prominent or visible part of a head in a crowd."
That last sense of "poll" has given us many extended meanings related to counting, voting, taxing ("poll tax"), surveying ("opinion poll"), and so on.
But back at the pond, those wiggly big-headed larvae got the name "tadpole" sometime in the Middle Ages. The word is a compound of the Middle English tade or tadde (toad) and, apparently, the noun "poll" (head or roundhead), Oxford says.
The word was first recorded in writing—as "taddepol"—in the 1400s, and its spelling took several centuries to settle down.
Shakespeare, for example, spelled it "tod pole" in King Lear (1608): "Poore Tom, that eats the swimming frog, the tode, the tod pole."
The modern spelling had become established by the time Oliver Goldsmith wrote An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature (1774): "The egg, or little black globe, which produces a tadpole."
(An aside: as we wrote in a blog entry earlier this year, the word "tad" for something small, as in "a tad bit," may be derived from "tadpole.")
The word "pollywog" came along at roughly the same time as "tadpole" but it took longer to develop its modern spelling.
Its earliest appearance in writing—spelled "polwygle"—is from 1440, the OED says. That very odd-looking word was originally derived, Oxford says, from "poll" plus "wiggle." In other words, the creature looked like a wiggly head!
It wasn't until the late 18th century, the OED explains, that a vowel sound crept in between the first two elements of the word, which became "pollywig." The modern form, "pollywog" followed in the 19th century.
Check out our books about the English language


How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities
Braisby, Rose (2021) How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities. MRes thesis, University of Lincoln.
How Radio Can Improve Lives in Minority Communities
Braisby Rose e-copy submission 11.02.21.pdf - Whole Document
Item Type:Thesis (MRes)
Item Status:Live Archive
This thesis will draw upon radio production, specifically community radio, to examine how the participation of the audience can empower participants and offer a voice to the voiceless. By embedding the values of community radio into community/rehabilitation projects, can radio improve lives for those participating in the production?
This research will explore what is meant by the term minority community, and how those within a minority community can be better represented through the medium of radio. Radio produced 'by the prisoner for the prisoner' is beginning to draw academic interest as a means to help prisoners with their rehabilitation process. This thesis will explore the nature of the media within minority communities, and will specifically examine how radio production can be used to connect with the more challenging to reach communities such as prisoners and patients within a high-secure hospital. Are prisoners a minority community? If so, what defines them as such? By focusing on one element of minority communities; those who are incarcerated, this body of work examines the broader implications for other minority communities.
It is necessary to examine the impact that radio has on the producer to analyse how radio can improve lives. By drawing on the theory and practice of media production, as well as the impact on participants, a conclusion can be made on how the lives of those involved are improved.
The DiGi DBT (Digital Dialectical Behavioural Therapy) project will act as a case study to test the theory that radio production can improve lives. Through an observational research approach, the project will look specifically at patients diagnosed with personality disorders, living in a high-secure hospital. By encouraging patients to engage with community radiobased projects, can they be empowered? If empowerment takes place, can this aid the patients' rehabilitation process?
DiGi DBT was initially a two-year project, funded by Knowledge Transformation Partnerships (KTP), which was later extended to three years. DiGi DBT was observed first-hand by the researcher and author of this thesis, while being employed as the Media and Therapy Developer responsible for leading the programme. The project saw the University of Lincoln and Rampton High Secure Hospital come together to use radio as a medium to help patients diagnosed with personality disorder redesign Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) for future patients through radio production. This thesis uses ethnographic, observational and qualitative research techniques to evaluate the success of the project, the project aims and how this project can be used as a case study to evidence how radio can improve lives in minority communities
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Deposited On:04 Mar 2021 12:51
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