- Stock: XYZ on NYSE
 - Buy CAD/USD Exchange: 1.41 (on day of buy trade)
 - Buy CAD: $1,410
 - Sell CAD/USD: 1.43 (on day of sell trade)
 - Sell CAD: $2,145
 - Capital Gain: $730 minus commissions
 - Capital Gains Tax: ($730 minus commissions) x 50% x marginal tax rate
Personally, to keep things simple, I hold US securities in registered accounts. As per my article on portfolio allocation, US dividends stocks are kept in an RRSP to avoid the withholding tax on the dividends and the occasional USD trade may be made within my TFSA.
Reduce your Investing Taxes by Claiming your Capital Loss
What is a capital loss?
It's simply where you sell a stock in your non-registered portfolio for a loss.
From here, it just seems like a loss, but there is a bright side. Unlike investments within your RRSP (or TFSA), capital losses within a non-registered portfolio can be claimed against your capital gains for the year (or previous years).
Here are some important facts about capital losses:
 1. Capital losses can only be claimed on investments within taxable investment accounts (also known as non-registered accounts).
 2. Only 50% of capital losses can be claimed.
 3. Capital losses can be claimed against capital gains in the current year, up to 3 previous years or carried forward indefinitely. However, it can be claimed against income on the year of the taxpayer's death (comforting hey?).
 4. Tax loss selling must be made before December 24 of that year as it takes 3 days to settle the trade.
How Tax Loss Selling Works – An Example
Say for example Jim (@ 40% marginal tax rate) had $10,000 in capital gains in 2020, but also $4,000 in capital losses. What is the resulting tax payable?
There are two ways to calculate this, both of which turn out with the same result:
 1. $10,000 – $4,000 = $6,000 x 50% x 40% = $1,200 tax payable
 2. $10,000 x 50% X 40% = $2,000 capital gains tax; $4,000 X 50% X 40% = $800 capital loss claim; result = $1,200 tax payable.
The last question is why would you sell for a tax loss? The main reason for this, is that sometimes at the end of the year, you realize that you've made some bad stock picks that have a low probability of recovering. Why not dump the losers, claim the tax deduction and move on?
What about tax-loss selling or tax-loss harvesting for index investors?
Keep in mind that tax-loss selling primarily applies to investors that pick individual stocks within a taxable account.
It doesn't apply as much to index investors since as an index investor, you are buying and holding the entire index long-term. You don't have any "losers" per se, since you aren't actually trying to pick the winning stocks and avoid the losing stocks (i.e. as an index investor, you are just buying all the winners and the losers).
If an index experienced losses in the year, then you also have to be careful about the superficial loss rule mentioned earlier.
For example, if the S&P/TSX index (the main Canadian index) fell in a given year, you can't just sell that ETF to claim a capital loss, and then buy it again immediately.
It also looks highly suspicious to the CRA if you sell an index from one provider (ex. Vanguard) and then buy the same index ETF through another provider like iShares. In that case, you are still technically re-buying the same index, and so I seriously doubt that the CRA would rule in your favour as it clearly appears that you are doing this just to minimize taxes.
What you can do (and the CRA has not spoken out against this to the best of my knowledge) is buy a similar ETF to the one that you just sold – then 30 days later, sell that ETF and buy the one that you really want (and had originally). There is no reason to over-complicate your life with stuff like this unless your overall portfolio is large enough that the loss that you experienced represents a decent tax write off. If you are sticking to investing only in your RRSP and/or TFSA, then obviously this strategy doesn't apply to you.
Here's how it would look in a possible 2020 scenario:
 - I start 2020 owning 1,000 shares of VCN at $34.00 per share.
 - December 20th rolls around and VCN is now trading at $26.00 per share. (No, this is not a prediction!)
 - I have lost $8.00-worth of value for each share that I own – totalling an $8,000 loss – which can be used to offset any gains.
 - I login to my Questrade account to sell my shares, and "book" the loss.
 - I take the $26,000 that I received in my discount brokerage account when I sold the 1,000 shares, and I use it to purchase XIC (which is a similar holding, but actually invests in a few dozen less small-cap stocks).
 - I could also just sell it and take the risk that the market is going to go anywhere for 30 days, then re-buy my original VCN shares back again.
 - I then sell my XIC shares 30 days later, and buy my VCN shares back.
To summarize, tax-loss selling is a strategy that can be great for investors who at one point picked an individual stock(s) or ETF that they thought would do well, yet after some time realized that they made a mistake, and would now like to sell it and move on. It's also worth mentioning that for investors that want to keep their life super-simple, our Wealthsimple Review explains how Canada's #1 robo advisor will actually complete this "tax loss harvesting" on your behalf once you have $100,000 in assets with the company.
However, the strategy can also be used effectively by index investors who have a large enough portfolio and a large enough loss in any given tax year to justify "booking" or "making real" a paper loss in their non-registered account in order to reduce their taxes owing. Our all in one ETFs article shows some excellent options for folks that like the idea of claiming a tax loss in their non-registered account, but also value overall simplicity. That said, remember to read the fine print when booking a transaction like this.
This guide was originally written by Frugal Trader, and updated for 2020 by Kornel Szrejber and Kyle Prevost.
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helen dakin
3 years ago
10 months ago
Reply to helen dakin
In Canada, your friend is correct in using the average cost principle. That's how my brokerage provides it to me for tax purposes. No protest from CRA and been doing that for many years.
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Thanks FT,
Thank you.


text:
Go west, young man, and eat deviled ham: A story of innovation, war, and spicy meat.
The Underwood brand began selling preserved foods in 1822. Ketchup, Mustard, Cranberries… You know, the basics. As time went on, the offerings expanded to include seafood. This was important for all those folks in the USA moving west in the 1840s-1860's. Because no matter how inspired you were by Horace Greeley, you still had to eat. And a lot of these settlers had very little experience with farming/food production. So a can of oysters would come in handy.
As the United States government was giving away land that didn't belong to it, another storm was brewing, the Civil War. And as always, the problem of getting food to soldiers was a pressing one. The Underwood company stepped in and sold its canned goods to Union and Confederate soldiers alike. (Capitalism!) And as those soldiers were eating cans of mackerel, so were the Southern folks at home. Their food supplies had been choked by blockades, and canned fish became a staple.
Deviled Ham surfaced after the war, in 1868. It was a spicy ground ham spread, and folks loved it. (Deviling, by the way, is just making foods spicier. And the logo for Deviled Ham is the devil. Because hell is hot. Obviously.) Deviled Ham was a huge success because it was delicious, they spent a ton of money on advertising, and it could be used in a boatload of ways. Keep in mind that canned foods were special. They were not second best to fresh foods, but a novel invention that let people enjoy foods that they otherwise wouldn't have access to.
Speaking of inventions, the canned good was not without its flaws. Often the cans would bulge and explode, resulting in a tremendous amount of food waste. And injuries, I assume. So in 1895, the grandson of old Underwood went to the biology department of MIT and was like, "Let's get to the bottom of this." The worked on it every afternoon, and eventually discovered a time/temperature formula that would work to stabilize foods.
Sometimes a canned good takes us from the American West, to the halls of MIT. From a wartime encampment, to a suburban sandwich. It is a messy history that is bigger even than Deviled Ham.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


FAQs about the Cardiology Recertification Exam
Here are some common questions that we are asked about taking the Cardiology MOC Exam:
How much does the exam cost?
The cost of the exam is included in a candidate's 10-year MOC program fee. The fee covers one examination for every specialty area a candidate chooses to maintain. The 10-year fee is $1940 for internal medicine, $2060 for internal medicine with a focused practice in hospital medicine, and $2560 for any subspecialty.
How long does the exam last?
The exam lasts one day.
What is the format for the exam?
The exam consists of multiple choice with a single best answer. There are multiple editions, or forms, of the exam, each of which consists of a different set of questions. The questions primarily focus on patient scenarios, while some require interpretation of visual materials. The exam will likely mirror your day to practice as it is meant to be a clinically focused exam.
What does the exam cover?
The exam covers the following topics:
 - Arrhythmias: 13%
 - Congestive Heart Failure: 13%
 - Coronary Artery Disease: 12.5%
 - Acute Coronary Syndromes and Acute Myocardial Infarction: 12%
 - Valvular Disorders: 12%
 - Congenital Disorders: 5%
 - Pericardial Disease: 4%
 - Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Disease: 9%
 - Hypertension and Pulmonary: 7%
 - Physiology and Biochemistry: 6%
 - Pharmacology: 5%
 - Miscellaneous 1.5%
How is the exam scored?
The exam is pass-fail, based on the candidate's performance on the entirety of the test. Questions left unanswered are scored as incorrect, therefore candidates are encouraged to guess if they are unsure of the answer to a question.
How long will it take to receive my results?
Candidates will receive their results in the mail approximately three months after the last exam given in the candidate's testing area.
How should I prepare for the exam?
The American Board of Internal Medicine offers a preparation tutorial for the examination. There are many books on the market to help test takers prepare, such as the bestselling Cardiology Intensive Board Review guide from the Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic also hosts an annual symposium each summer to help candidates prepare. You may also prepare by reviewing reference materials or completing a practice self-assessment independently. We suggest taking the Board Vitals Cardiology MOC question set at least once in timed mode.


Equity Carve-Outs
In an equity carve-out, also known as an IPO carve-out or a subsidiary IPO, the parent company (ParentCo) sells a portion or all of its interest in a subsidiary (SubCo) to the public in an initial public offering. The carve-out creates a new legal entity with its own management team and board of directors, and provides a cash infusion with proceeds distributed to the parent, subsidiary, or both.
Strategic Rationale
In addition to the strategic rationale for corporate restructuring outlined in our lesson on spin-offs and split-offs, equity carve-outs can be used to achieve the following additional strategic objectives:
 - Cash infusion – Cash proceeds can be distributed to ParentCo, SubCo, or both
 - Preparation for complete separation – Establish a public market valuation for SubCo in preparation for a subsequent spin-off or split-off of ParentCo's remaining interest
Transaction Structure
ParentCo's stake in SubCo sold in a carve-out may consist of primary and/or secondary shares. Primary shares are issued by SubCo, and secondary shares are sold by ParentCo. Although secondary shares are sometimes sold alongside primary shares in a carve-out, they usually represent a small portion of the total shares sold in the transaction.
Similar to monetization techniques employed in spin-offs and split-offs, ParentCo may push down debt to SubCo prior to the IPO, and/or extract a special tax-free dividend from SubCo up to ParentCo's outside basis in SubCo's stock. Cash proceeds from the stock sale might be distributed to ParentCo to pay down debt, to SubCo for growth capital, and/or used by SubCo to repay an intercompany loan from ParentCo, for example.
Equity carve-outs are commonly followed by a tax-free spin-off or split-off of ParentCo's remaining interest in SubCo.
Tax Implications
Whether primary or secondary shares are sold in the carve-out has tax implications. If ParentCo sells secondary shares of SubCo, it recognizes a capital gain or loss equal to the cash proceeds less its outside tax basis in SubCo's stock. However, if primary shares are issued, the transaction is considered a non-taxable event to raise capital. Therefore, selling primary shares is generally preferable to selling secondary shares.
Carve-out do not usually exceed 20% of ParentCo's equity interest in SubCo for several reasons:
 - If ParentCo divests more than 20% of its voting interest in the subsidiary, ParentCo would lose tax control of SubCo and any subsequent spin-off would fail to qualify for tax-free treatment under IRC Section 355.
 - So long as ParentCo retains at least 80% of SubCo, dividends from SubCo to ParentCo are tax-free under the Dividends Received Deduction.
 - If more than 20% of ParentCo's voting interest in SubCo is sold, ParentCo may no longer consolidate SubCo for tax purposes. Tax deconsolidation may result in a tax liability to ParentCo to the extent of any negative basis in SubCo.
By using a dual-class stock structure, however, ParentCo may be able to divest greater than 20% of the value of SubCo, while still retaining at least 80% of its voting interest in the subsidiary.
Accounting for Equity Carve-Outs
The accounting treatment of a carve-out depends on whether or not ParentCo maintains legal control of SubCo following the carve-out, where legal control is generally defined as ownership of at least 50% of SubCo's voting common stock. If ParentCo does not lose legal control, as is most often the case, the accounting gain or loss from the carve-out is recorded either on the consolidated income statement or as additional paid-in capital (APIC) on the balance sheet, depending on whether primary or secondary shares are issued. If secondary shares are sold for an amount exceeding ParentCo's book basis in the shares and ParentCo maintains legal control, ParentCo makes the following journal entry to record the carve-out:
ParentCo Sells Secondary Shares
dr. Cash
cr. Minority interest
cr. Gain on carve-out
If primary shares are sold for an amount exceeding ParentCo's book basis in the shares, ParentCo makes the following journal entry:
SubCo Sells Primary Shares
dr. Cash
cr. Minority interest
cr. Additional paid-in capital (APIC)
If ParentCo does lose legal control of SubCo, it recognizes a gain or loss on its consolidated income statement regardless of whether primary or secondary shares are issued. Also, ParentCo will be required to account for its investment in SubCo using the equity method of accounting rather than the consolidation method:
ParentCo Loses Legal Control of SubCo
dr. Equity investment in SubCo
dr. Minority interest
cr. Net assets of SubCo
cr. Gain on carve-out
Note that when primary shares are sold, regardless of whether or not ParentCo loses legal control, ParentCo recognizes a gain or loss for accounting purposes, but not for tax purposes. This temporary difference gives rise to a deferred tax liability (DTL) that reverses when ParentCo ultimately sells its secondary shares. On the other hand, if ParentCo sells the shares, a gain or loss is recognized for both accounting and tax purposes and no DTL is created. ParentCo makes additional journal entries when SubCo sells primary shares as follows:
Accounting for Tax Effects
dr. Income tax expense
cr. DTL
Timing Considerations
Like a regular IPO, the equity carve-out must be prepared, filed with the SEC, marketed to investors, and priced. The entire process typically takes approximately 4 to 6 months to complete.
Equity Carve-Out vs. Spin-Off
An equity carve-out achieves separation of a subsidiary without losing complete control, and is especially useful when a capital infusion is desired. When SubCo operates in a thriving industry, such as the Internet sector in the late 1990s, it may be preferable to monetize a portion of SubCo in a carve-out transaction to take advantage of high market valuations. However, equity carve-outs are mechanically complex suffer from a lower degree of execution certainty relative to a spin-offs.
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Miscellaneous Topics
Taking vaccines against diseases
Taking vaccines against diseases 1
Are vaccines allowed in Islam? Some scholars in Pakistan are inciting the people against getting their children vaccinated for polio. They say that according to the Shariah we are commanded not to go to a place where disease exists and quote evidence from the Hadeeth "Flee from the leper as you would flee the lion", but are not allowed to use medicine before an ailment has occurred. Many people accept their verdict and this is affecting the eradication of polio from Pakistan, as parents no longer allow the government sent doctors to vaccinate their children. Please give a clear verdict on this.
It is permissible to take vaccinations against diseases and that it is a kind of seeking treatment. Going to vaccination places is not exposing oneself to contagious diseases and this is not contradicting the Prophetic narration which reads: Run away from the leprous as you run from the lion.[Al-Bukhari] Rather, the narration proves that seeking protection against the disease is legislated. Ibn Al-Qayyim said: The Prophet permitted seeking protection against contagious diseases.
Vaccinating against some diseases is seeking protection against them, so it is permissible. Therefore, one should not refrain from vaccinating unless it is proven by trustworthy doctors that a given vaccination has more disadvantages than benefits, as in this case it is not permissible to vaccinate because the Prophet said: There should be no harm and no reciprocal harm.[Ahmad and Ibn Maajah]
Allaah Knows best.


text:
Fused genes tackle deadly Pierce's disease in grapevines
- A gene fusion research project led by a UC Davis plant scientist delivers a one-two punch to Pierce's disease, a deadly threat to California's world-renowned wine industry.
A gene fusion research project led by a UC Davis plant scientist delivers a one-two punch to Pierce's disease, a deadly threat to California's world-renowned wine industry. The study was published in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"Many disease-causing microbes can evade one defensive action by a host plant, but we believe that most microbes would have difficulty overcoming a combination of two immune-system defenses," said UC Davis plant sciences professor Abhaya Dandekar, the lead researcher. He and his colleagues tested this hypothesis on Xylella fastidiosa, the bacteria responsible for Pierce's disease in grapevines. Strains of the bacteria also attack and damage other host plants, including citrus, stone fruits, almonds, oleander, and certain shade trees, such as oaks, elms, maples and sycamores.
The findings further strengthen UC Davis' standing as a world leader in the science of plant improvement through advances in genetics, genomics, plant breeding and biodiversity. First noted in California near Anaheim around 1884, Pierce's disease in grapevines is now known to exist in 28 California counties. From 1994 to 2000, the disease destroyed more than 1,000 acres of northern California grapevines, causing $30 million in damages. There is currently no known cure for Pierce's disease. In grapevines, Xylella fastidiosa is carried from plant to plant by half-inch-long insects known as sharpshooters. The bacteria infect and clog the plant's water-transporting tissue, or xylem. Grapevines with Pierce's disease develop yellow and brown leaves and die within a few years.
To block such infections, the researchers engineered a hybrid gene by fusing together two genes that are responsible for two key functions of the plant's innate immune response: recognizing Xylella fastidiosa as a bacterial invader and destroying its outer membranes, causing the bacteria to die. The researchers then inserted this hybrid gene into grapevines. They found that sap from plants genetically engineered with the hybrid gene effectively killed Xylella fastidiosa in the laboratory. And grapevines engineered to carry the hybrid gene had significantly less leaf scorching and xylem clogging, indicating resistance to Pierce's disease.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture collaborated on the project. Funding came from the state Department of Food and Agriculture's Pierce's Disease Program, the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


On Writing: Ernest Hemingway
Hemingway Writing For Whom the Bell Tolls
Little Foxes
Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines [have] tender grapes—Song of Solomon 2:15, KJV
Do we have "little foxes" that spoil an otherwise well-written piece of prose? Let me rephrase. Do we have too many "little foxes"? All of us writers have them. They often pop out on our pages while we're writing. Oftentimes, we're unaware of their presence.
Little wordy foxes are words we tend to overuse, words such as so and that. Every author has his/her own foxes, and we must be careful not to overdo ours. Many times, we don't need them.
Let's look at the word that.
 1. John thought that Billy played golf yesterday.
 2. John thought Billy played golf yesterday.
In the second example, I deleted that because the sentence is clear without it. A good way to identify when this word is unnecessary is when it follows a verb. In such cases, the word usually isn't needed. Read your that sentences without using it. Is your writing still clear? If it is, delete that.
Let's look at the word so.
 1. So, John sees you can cook.
 2. John sees Mary can cook.
 3. He lifted the bucket so he could dump out its contents.
The first example is acceptable in dialogue, but if we use lots of sentences starting with so in our narrative, write it like the second example. Example three is fine as well because it's used as a conjunction.
Do use these little verbal foxes, but use them correctly. Also, take care not to overdo them because if too many sneak in, they'll spoil our writing.
Till next week, friends!


Men Who Pay For Sex Also In Debt To Society
For example, significantly fewer sex buyers, 47 percent against 70 percent, reported that they were taught about respect for women in sex education classes.
What's interesting about this study isn't that it found that men who buy sex are more likely to commit crimes; it seems like a redundant no-brainer that men committing a crimepaying for sex from a prostitutewere more likely to commit a crime. This also far from implies that every single man who has ever bought a lap dance is a Patrick Bateman-in-waiting, either. It seems that willful blindness to the plight of exploited sex workers is a symptom of a deeply seated problem in our society, and that there's no clear solution to eradicating the sexism at the root of it.
Men who buy sex tend to commit more crimes, survey says [Reuters]


text:
Tskhouk-Karckar VulkanTskhouk-Karckar volcano is a group of 8 Holocene cinder cones in the central Siunik volcanic ridge along the Armenia/Azerbaijan border about 60 km SE of Lake Sevan.
The last activity took place about 5000 years ago, and built a cone which erupted lava flows. These flows overly older human settlement traces and were used for gravesites in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC.
Beschreibung:The Tskhouk-Karckar volcano group was constructed within offset segments of the major Pambak-Sevan strike-slip fault trending SE from Lake Sevan. 8 pyroclastic cones produced 3 generations of Holocene lava flows.
Human traces dated are found on the 2 older generation lava flows, including many petroglyphs, burial kurgans, and masonry walls. No such traces have been found on the youngest flows, suggesting they erupted later than these early settlements and human activities.
Some lava flows overlie petroglyphs dated to the end of the 4th millennium and beginning of the 3rd millennium BC and were themselves used in gravesites dated at 4720 +/- 140 yrs ago. Following these eruptions, the area was not repopulated until the Middle Ages.
(adapted from: GVP / Smithsonian Institution)
Karakhanian, A et al (2002) "Holocene-historical volcanism and active faults as natural risk factors for Armenia and adjacent countries", J Volc Geotherm Res, v. 113, pp. 319-344


text:
I was teaching adj. and adv. and how we form the adv. from the adj. Also, that the adj. tells us something about the noun and the adv. about the verb.
Later on in the class, and not related to the above, the student had to make a sentence with: Sally/felt/really happy/to be / winner. So the student said Sally felt really happily to be the winner.
I corrected her to happy, and she said why? She felt happily tells us something about the verb felt.
Can you explain this to me so that I can pass it on to her?
- For Teachers


Sheri Sheri - 5 months ago 46
C Question
How to run multiple copies of another program - C
I have 2 files file1.c and file2.c
I want to run multiple copies of file1.c From My main file file2.c
Check the system calls fork() and exec(). A fork allows to copy the current process and all its memory. An exec call allows to replace to code to execute for the current process.
Basically, from your main process, you would fork multiple times. If the result of fork is 0, call exec with the command line for your child process.
int i;
 // fork() returns 0 for the child process,
 // and the actual pid of the new process for the parent process.
 pid_t pid = fork();
 if (!pid) {
 // This if will be executed only by the child process.
 // execvp() first argument is the executable file,
 // the second argument is a varargs for each arguments of the command line.
However, for this to work, both c files must be compiled into executables.


text:
How to write plugins
Write a Plugin!
The plugin system for EPrints 3 has been developed to make it easy and share the most common extensions to the code without having to hack the core system (and causing yourself problems with upgrades etc.)
When the system loads, it automatically loads all modules in the perl_lib/EPrints/Plugin/ directory, so for simple plugins you just drop them in that directory and you're done!
When a plugin is loaded it has a registration method which is called which tells the core EPrints system what this plugin does. EPrints then makes it available as appropriate.
Clever plugins can detect features they need and adapt to use the tools available, or disable themselves if they are missing required tools (rather than crash the system). Some specialised plugins are disabled in their default state and must be enabled in the repository configuration.
Another cool thing is that plugins are Perl Objects, which means you can subclass them. Here's an real-world example: We have a research group which uses BibTeX but over the years standardised within the group on an extra field. This is not a valid bibtex field, but are essential to their working because they have ancient and essential scripts which depend on it. To handle this we can subclass the default BibTeX Export plugin and override a single method (the data mapping one). We then just call the original parent plugins mapping method to do all the heavy lifting, then just add our non-standard extra field. Total code required: less than one screen. Number of happy researchers: none (they are never satisfied and will just demand the moon on the stick because you've already given them this nice new feature), but number of researchers able to get their work done: lots. Don't believe me? look here!
- See also Extension Packages for how to add configuration and resource files to plugins.
Types of Plugin
There are a number of different kinds of plugin for EPrints...
These are used to export the data in a variety of formats. A number of tutorials have been created to help you create your own export plugins:
- Export Plugin Tutorial 1: "Hello, World!"
- Export Plugin Tutorial 2: List handling
- Export Plugin Tutorial 3: HTML
- Export Plugin Tutorial 4: Excel
- Export Plugin Tutorial 5: Zip
These are used to import data into a repository. They can take datafiles directly, or they can take an ID of a record that can be retrieved in a known way, or a URL of a file, or... whatever.
These are a bit trickier to write than export plugins as parsing data is harder than just "print"ing it, but they are still reasonably straight forward.
These handle (almost) all the user interface screens. Pages like "Review" and "Profile" are just built-in plugins. You can add your own very easily.
Examples you could create...
- Birds Eye View - a view of various statistics on the database, all in one page.
- Spellchecking Tab - an additional tab in the item control page which checks the spelling on certain fields.
- Bulk Delete tool - a tool which takes a list of eprintid's and deletes them all in a fell swoop.
Look at the existing Screen Plugins for an idea of how they work. They can be very simple.
Input Component Plugin
These handle how the workflow components are rendered. Built in components include the default (one field) component, the multiple fields component, the upload component, the subject component (which does pretty things to a field of type "subject") and the XHTML component. You can add your own or sub-class existing ones.
These are used for two things, currently.
- Converting the full text of documents into utf-8 text for search indexing
- Converting images and pdfs into thumbnails and previews
Some examples you could create:
- RTF to utf-8 to allow rich text documents to be indexed.
- Powerpoint to Thumbnail to allow thumbnail and previews of powerpoint slides
- Video to Thumbnail/Preview to make a still preview of a video file.


text:
You'd probably still complain, and many people don't really understand percentage chance.
What does a 80% chance of rain mean to you? 80% of the region getting rain, it raining for 80% of the day, or it raining on 8 days out of 10 that they forecast an 80% chance of rain?
I can tell you that it is the latter, but I suspect that you had to read it twice to understand it. If you asked the readership of the Daily Mail this question, you would get most of them saying they don't know, and many of the rest just guessing one of the three.
And on the 2 out of 10 days that the chance says that it won't rain will still be wrong according to the media, even though the chances were correct. The media is fickle that way.
And if you remember your O Level or GCSC maths, you have to allow for short term anomalies. If you remember, when you toss a coin, over a larger number of tosses, you will get close to 50% heads and 50% tails, with some freak occurrences of it landing on it's edge. But that would not mean that you could not get 5 or even 10 heads in a row. It's unlikely, but it will happen sometimes. This is why it is never safe to bet on averages on a roulette wheel or any other game of chance.
The Met Office already do the analysis of predicted vs. actual weather. This is what they do to refine the model(s) to try to make them more accurate. But as I understand it, snow is particularly difficult to forecast, because very minor changes in the boundaries between the air layers can cause either rain, hail, sleet or snow.
The UK is caught between three major weather systems. You have the Arctic, that is cold air that attempts to push south, Europe that is fairly static, and at this time of year mostly cold, and the Atlantic which is very turbulent but quite wet and warm. As a result you have a three way battle, and I believe that it is one of the most difficult weather systems to predict in the world.
Precipitation is caused when warm moist air meets cold air in some way. The warm air moves up over the cold air, and as it gets higher and cooler, has to drop it's moisture. Depending on the temperature gradient, and the speed of air movement, and the turbulence at the air boundaries, the water droplets will coalesce and maybe freeze in different ways, leading to all of the possible outcomes.
Sometimes the forecast is easy, and sometimes it is not. Sometimes the warm air is kept south, leading to cold weather with no precipitation. Sometimes it just rolls straight off the Atlantic, leading to wet but warm weather spreading from west to east, and sometimes it diverts north, and then is carried back down south by the Arctic air, leading often to snow. And sometimes cold and warm air meet over the UK, and under these circumstances it is difficult to predict.
It is generally acknowledged that none of the current models give reliable results more than 10-14 days into the future. This means that the short term forecast will be based on modelling, and the seasonal forecast will be based on longer term cycles which can be identified by trend analysis of the of the past several years of actual weather rather than the air condition models. This makes a huge difference in the way that the forecasts should be used. You would not use the seasonal forecast to try to predict the weather for Christmas day, but you might use it to give an indication of what December in general may be like.
This is my schoolboy geography view of the weather, and no doubt somebody will pick holes in it. I do not claim to be a weather forecaster, but I believe what I've said is mostly correct.
I'm waiting for a maths or geography teacher to pull me up, so I've used the pedantic grammar alert icon!


text: Ivory clapper in the form of a right hand of the type used in Hathor rituals. Incised detail on the fingers, thumb and wrist. Cross hatching at the wrist for a braclet and pierced at elbow. Tip of the thumb is missing. Clappers or hand wands such as this one were used by dancers who clapped them together. They also had protective significance as the noise produced by clacking the wands together was believed to keep evil spirits away during critical moments such as childbirth or puberty rituals. Their protective power also accompanied the ritual renewal of the king's vigour during the Heb Sed Festival and assisted in the rebirth of a deceased person into the afterlife.


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We present a method for performing face recognition based on the fractal neighbor distance (FND). The FND has previously been used for face recognition. What distinguishes our method from others is that we incorporate the use of localized weights with the FND. In a local-to-global feature matching approach, a set of localized weights is used with an algorithm based on the FND that searches for local features. A global score is then derived from each localized score. This set of weights is designed to concentrate around the eyes and nose region of the face, because they contain more discriminating features.


- Children inspired by yoga
Volcano Pose
If your child is about 4 years old or younger, they will learn new movements by looking at and copying others. Therefore it is best to do Volcano pose with your child or toddler so they can see what to do.
Volcano pose will give your own shoulders and chest a wonderful stretch too.
How to do volcano pose
 1. Find a clear space and encourage your toddler or child to stand opposite you.
 2. Together, curl up really small on the floor, as a 'sleeping volcano'.
 3. Sleep for a few seconds "1, 2, 3…" (count out loud with your child)
 4. Then, suddenly, ERUPT! Come up onto your knees and spread your arms out wide!
 5. Move from one knee to the other or gently twist from side to side to as your volcano continues to shower it's lava everywhere!
The benefits of volcano pose
1. Strengthen arm, leg & core muscles
The movements of this pose promote whole-body strength.
2. Improve balance skills
As you get up quickly up from the floor in volcano pose, you will challenge your balance skills, through stimulating your body senses i.e. your proprioceptive and your vestibular sense. These balance reactions are important not only for sporting activities like football or dance but also for sitting in a good position to write. Children develop mature balance skills at about seven years of age. If your child is younger they will largely be using their sight to keep their balance. It is by moving around and quickly changing position that children progress their abilities so they need not have to rely on looking so much to keep their balance. Unfortunately our own sense of balance slowly deteriorates as we age. We can help to control this by doing activities such as Volcano pose.
3. Gently stretch chest, shoulder & arm muscles
Volcano pose will give you both an opportunity to stretch out your arm, shoulder and chest muscles, just like our growing flower pose last week. Remember this type of pose is great for your child after they have been sitting down for a while.
4. Let off steam!
The explosive movement of volcano pose allows your child to express their emotions. Hence this activity will make a great 'movement break' if your child is getting frustrated with a complex task or problem. Be careful though, do not do the pose too many times as then your child may then find it hard to calm down!
5. Develop imagination & creativity
As your child imagines what shape and colour their volcano will be, they will use their imagination & develop their creative skills. You might ask some questions to help fire their imagination further:
 1. What is the weather like at the top of your volcano today?
 2. Can you see the horizon from up there? What is the landscape around your volcano?
A more challenging volcano pose
If your child is older, guide them to start by squatting on the balls of their feet as a 'sleeping volcano'. Then quickly come up into standing to erupt!
Try to encourage your child to do this without putting their hands on the ground to further refine their balance skills.
Calming down after volcano pose
Volcano is an energising pose! Sometimes children can find it difficult to calm down after their volcano has 'erupted'. Help counteract this by suggesting that your volcano goes back to sleep.
 1. Show your child how to use their hands to push/stroke firmly downwards along their body & limbs as 'flowing lava'. This will provide a calming and regulating deep touch, stimulating their proprioceptive sense.
 2. Move slowly from a high, volcano pose back down into a curled-up, dormant volcano pose (similar to mouse pose).
 3. Suggest to your child that their dormant volcano is now being squashed under a heavy rock and encourage them to imagine this by squeezing themselves into a tight ball.
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text:
Two related things I have heard/know of are,
(1) That there exists a polynomial algorithm to find a cover of the vertices by $k$ vertex disjoint cycles. (Can someone give a reference for this?)
(2) That its NP-complete to decide if $k$ vertex disjoint paths can cover all the vertices of a graph.
Are there edge analogues of these results?
Does using the dual graph translate these results into their edge versions?
If the line graph is a edge-to-vertex-dual then is there a vertex-to-edge-dual? (which will may be convert the question of finding a vertex cover by k vertex disjoint paths into a question of finding an edge cover by $k$ edge disjoint paths?)


text:
Field codes in a word processor are an extremely powerful tool, often used completely in the background to:
- set auto numbering
- create bulleted lists
- insert the date and time or page number
- perform a number of additional tasks that are normally transparent to the user.
All of these tasks can be done manually as well by hand-editing the field codes, and there are a number of documents devoted to explaining this process. There are a few processes, however, that are not easily done without using field codes manually, and this document will explain one of these: how to create special combined characters (i.e. one character above another) in Microsoft Word that are not available in the normal character sets.
Things You'll Need
- Any recent version of Microsoft Word. Almost all versions of Word ever published support field codes, but only the versions from Word 97 and onward use the same syntax. Some other word processors support field codes, but syntax and capabilities can vary dramatically.
1Start with Word open and the cursor in the position where the new symbol is to be inserted.
2Hit Ctrl-F9 (PC) or cmd-F9 (Mac) to insert a new field code. Curly braces will appear.
3Between the curly braces, type EQ \o(X1,X2). In place of X1, type the letter/number/character that will appear on the bottom in the new symbol, and in place of X2 type the letter/number/character that will appear on the top.
4Remove any extra spaces! The only space between the curly braces should be between EQ and \o. Word inputs extra spaces that will have to be deleted manually.
5Press Shift-F9 (both PC and Mac) to update the field code and display the new symbol.
- You must either have the entire field code highlighted or be clicked into the field code for this to work.
- If there are any problems, just highlight the character (or error message, or blank space, etc.) and press Shift-F9 to display the field code again. Proceed to edit it as needed.
- See the Troubleshooting Tips below for more information about problems you may encounter here.
Editing a Symbol's Height or Size
If a symbol isn't in the right place (too high or too low,) edit the position using the following steps. The image shows an overline that is through the middle of the character.
Note: these steps are for PC only, steps on a Mac might be slightly different.
1Expand the field code by highlighting and pressing Shift-F9.
2Highlight the symbol that needs to be changed, then right-click on it and click Font.
3Go to the "Character Spacing" tab across the top.
4Edit the "Position" field. It can be raised or lowered. Try 1 pt increments to start, and keep trying until the symbol is positioned exactly where desired. You can also type in a number, including decimals (i.e. 1.5,) for the amount of change in position.
5When done, click "OK" and then Shift-F9 to view the updated symbol. The one pictured below is a bit too high, as it is raised 5 points from normal.
In addition to adjusting the position of the character, adjust the size if needed (it's called "Scaling" in the Font properties box.) Select an option from the list or type in a percentage (up to 600%.)
Stacked Field Codes
Field codes can be stacked! One field can be put inside another. The image below shows a field code and the result as an example of this. The x is raised 3 pts, the degree symbol is raised 6 pts, and the z is lowered 3 pts.
- Remove extra spaces in the field code! Leaving an extra space can make the result look abnormal, or generate an error message.
- Check for missing or extra parentheses: ( or ). Make sure you have them all in the proper place.
- Check for extra spaces within the field code, this can cause problems with left-right centering. This is usually caused by (for example) an extra space after the comma (i.e. \o(x, ^) instead of \o(x,^).
- Edit the position of the character if you need. Some fonts work better than others; for instance, Times New Roman has a high macron (the overline character,) but Calibri has a low one. You can change fonts, or edit the position of the character as outlined in the Editing a Symbol's Height or Size section.
- It is better and safer to separate the letter (Q) and the symbol (macron) in this case with a semicolon (;) than by a comma Works every time!
- Use this method to create virtually any symbol, including letters stacked on top of each other, as well as the more standard symbols.
- If you want to create multiple characters in a row, you can do this all in one field code. Each character after the comma will show up above the corresponding character before the comma (see image below for an example.)


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How do criminal groups organize, operate, and govern in Denmark? We argue that organized crime groups face governance challenges in the form of principal-agent problems and transaction costs. Based on interviews with law enforcement officers, former gang members, and prisoners, we provide evidence for how people involved in crime respond to these organizational dilemmas. We find that the more severe the principal-agent problem, the more gangs vet possible members during recruitment. We also find that as transaction costs rise, people who are engaged in illicit activities that are more complicated will rely more on internal structure and centralization. Our findings support existing rational choice theories of criminal organizations.
Bibliographical notePublished online: 10 March 2021.
- Organized crime groups
- Outlaw motorcycle gangs
- Rational choice theory


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POWERING USB DEVICES
This section covers both bus-powered devices and self-powered devices.
- A bus-powered device draws all of its power from the bus. It may draw up to 500 mA, if permitted to do so by the host.
- A self-powered device does not draw the bulk of its power from the bus, but rather from an external power supply.
Any USB device (or hub) can consume current from the bus only from its upstream port.
1-3-1 BUS-POWERED DEVICES
USB provides a power supply of between 4.75 and 5.25 volts and up to 500 milliAmperes to any device plugged into the port.
- Supply voltage can fall to a minimum of 4.35V at the device.
- When other devices are being plugged in, there can be transients lowering the supply voltage by 0.4V.
- Devices can be classified as bus-powered, self-powered, or hybrid-powered.
A USB device specifies its power consumption in units of 2 mA in the configuration descriptor. A device cannot increase its power consumption to a value that is greater than what it specifies during enumeration.
There are two classes of bus-powered functions:
- Low-power functions draw power from the VBus, and cannot draw any more than one unit load. The USB specification defines a unit load as 100mA. Low-power functions must also be designed to work down to a VBus voltage of 4.40V and up to a maximum voltage of 5.25V as measured at the upsteam plug of the device. For many 3.3V devices, LDO regulators are mandatory.
- High-power functions draw power from the VBus, and cannot draw more than one unit load until it has been configured, after which it can then draw up to five unit loads (500mA Max), provided this is specified in the descriptor. High-power functions must be capable of being detected and enumerated at a minimum 4.40V. When operating at a full unit load, the VBus provides a minimum of 4.75V and a maximum of 5.25V. Once again, these measurements are taken at the upstream plug.
A device which has been suspended, as a result of no bus activity, must reduce its current consumption to 0.5 mA or less. If a device is configured for high power (up to 500 mA), and has its remote wakeup feature enabled, it is allowed to draw up to 2.5 mA during suspend.
1-3-2 SELF-POWERED DEVICES
Self-powered functions are devices that require more than 500 mA of current. These devices may draw up to one unit load (100 mA) from the bus, and must derive the rest of its power from an external source. Should this external source fail, the device must have provisions in place to draw no more than one unit load from the bus.
The one unit load from the bus allows devices to be detected and enumerated without requiring external power.
Powered USB (also known as Retail USB, USB Plus Power, and USB + Power) is a proprietary variant of USB that adds new powering modes to the USB specification.
Powered USB uses standard USB signaling, but with the addition of extra power lines. it is commonly used for point-of-sale terminals. IBM owns the intellectual rights to Powered USB and charges a licensing fee for its use.
Powered USB can provide:
- +5 volts DC at up to 6 amps per connector (up to 30 watts)
- +12 volts DC at up to 6 amps per connector (up to 72 watts)
- +24 volts DC at up to 6 amps per connector (up to 144 watts)
1-4 BUS STATES
As there are two data lines, there are a variety of different conditions that can be signaled.
When no device is plugged in, the host will see both data lines low, as its 15 kohm resistors are pulling each data line low.
When the device is plugged in to the host, the host will see either D+ or D- go to a '1' level, and will know that a device has been plugged in. The '1' level will be on D- for a low speed device, and D+ for a full (or high) speed device.
The state of the data lines when the pulled up line is high, and the other line is low, is called the idle state. This is the state of the lines before and after a packet is sent.


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Changing or replacing the nozzle
To replace the Olsson Ruby nozzle, follow the instructions on the official 3DVERKSTAN website. Otherwise, you could damage it!
How to change or replace the nozzle
Before you start:
- CAUTION: Heated parts can cause severe burns!
- Make sure no filament is left in the hotend before proceeding
- Preheat the nozzle to 250-270°C (LCD Menu - Settings - Temperature - Nozzle). Heating the nozzle is essential for this process
- Be extra careful around the hotend thermistor leads. You can break them off easily
- Gain better access to the nozzle by moving the extruder axis as high as possible: Go to LCD Menu - Settings - Move Axis - Move Z. Use the Knob to set the height.
- Unscrew the screw on the fan mouthpiece and the two screws on the print fan. Remove both parts (Pict. part 1).
- Remove the two front screws on the nozzle fan (Pict. part 2).
- Unscrew the two screws holding the extruder cover (Pict. part 3). Even though the nozzle itself is accessible directly, we recommend taking the extruder cover off to get better access to the heating block.
- Now the whole nozzle body is accessible (Pict. part 4).
- Hold the heater block with a 17mm spanner (M10) and unscrew the nozzle (Pict. part 5) using supplied pliers, or preferably use a 7mm spanner (M4). Be careful, the nozzle is still hot!
- Make sure that the set temperatures (250-270°C) didn't change. Carefully screw the new nozzle in and tighten it. Don't forget to use a spanner to hold the heater block. Reassemble the extruder, insert the filament and you are ready to print.
Do not hesitate to contact us at _EMAIL_ if you have any questions.


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People go meat-free for a variety of reasons, ranging from environmental causes to health concerns. Another reason might be a genetically determined tendency to dislike the smell of meat, according to a recent study.
Researchers from Duke University Medical Center and colleagues in Norway found that about 70% of people have two functional copies of a gene linked to an odor receptor called OR7D4, which detects androstenone, a compound similar to testosterone that is found in male mammals, commonly in pork.
People with one or no functional copies of the gene can tolerate the scent of androstenone much better than people with two copies can. Reactions to androstenone vary broadly from person to person, the study found, with some comparing it to urine or sweat, while others saying it smelled sweet like vanilla. Some people have no reaction to it at all, and others who are highly sensitive think it's repulsive.
Lead study author Dr. Hiroaki Matsunami, an associate professor of molecular genetics and microbiology at Duke, had identified the gene for the OR7D4 odor receptor in his previous research. Then, scientists in Norway contacted him to take a closer look at how certain genotypes might influence people's perception of the smell of pork.
The Norwegians' interest in the study was piqued because the European Union was considering a ban on castration of male pigs due to animal welfare concerns. Castration drastically reduces the amount of androstenone in pork, so the researchers were concerned about whether consumers would still find meat palatable if the ban were approved.
The researchers looked at a total of 23 participants. Thirteen were consumers and 10 were professional sensory assessors — people with sensitive noses who can successfully differentiate certain smells. Both groups smelled and tasted pork with varying levels of androstenone and were asked whether or not they liked it. Based on their reactions, the subjects were divided into sensitive and insensitive groups.
The study showed that all of the androstenone-sensitive participants had two functional copies of the OR7D4 gene, while those who were better able to tolerate the smell of pork had only one or no copies. "The data raise the possibility that more consumers will dislike male meat as a result of a castration ban," the authors wrote in the study.
"It was surprising how this one gene could have such a clear influence on the preference of the food," says Matsunami. "Taste is a complex mixture of taste, smell, texture and temperature. They combine to create a taste image in the brain. The olfactory component that plays the greatest role in whether you like the pork or not is determined by this gene."
Matsunami says the findings are likely the first of many that will be discovered in the future. Perhaps studies can reveal how odor receptor genes function in populations such as vegetarians or those in the Middle East or near the Arctic, who do not eat pork or other similar meats. Further research could also be useful to product developers, who would probably like to know which receptors correspond to which flavors.
"We do not know all of the genetic components involved in preference, but we may find this in other kinds of food — even vegetables and fruit — and we can address the question, What is the genetic influence behind food preference?" says Matsunami.
The study was published online in the journal PLoS ONE.


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Drugs, Detectives and DNA
|Content Area:||Chemistry, Biotechnology, Forensics|
|Content Area:||Chemistry, Biotechnology, Forensics|
Lesson Plan 1 (Day 1)
Lesson Plan 2 (Day 2)
Lesson Plan 3 (Day 3)
Resources and References:
Unit I Videos:
Websites of Interest:
Many substances that historically have been used for murder, magic and folk medicine are currently clinically acceptable drugs. Synthetic chemistry started in the 1930's but Mother Nature has been working for over 3.5 billion years.
Now, scientists hang by ropes in the Rain Forests to collect spiders, dive below ice caps for fish to obtain antifreeze that preserves organs for transplantation and search the desert for viper poison for high blood pressure medicine.
In his book, "Medicine Quest, In search of Nature's Healing Secrets", Marc Plotkin pleads with a shaman to treat a woman collapsed in the jungle with diabetic symptoms. The shaman finally makes a thick red liquid potion to treat the woman. He gives her two teaspoons a day and after three days, the woman was working in her garden and the gangrene was healing.
Marc Plotkin is an ethnobotanist, a plant hunter, and a shaman's apprentice in search of natural compounds to treat diseases.
1. "Nature distributed medicine everywhere. - Pliny the Elder circa A.D. 77 Plotkin, Mark J. "Medicine Ques, In search of Nature's Healing Secrets " p. xi (read first paragraph)
2. "The difference between a deadly poison and a life-saving medicine can be very small; in fact, it is sometimes merely a question of dosage: Dr. R.E. Schultes, 1980 died 2001 from p. 3 Plotkin, Mark J. "Medicine Quest, In search of Nature's Healing Secrets"
3. Remember that "The dose is the poison" Paracelsus – the Grandfather of Pharmacology Levine, Ruth R. "Pharmacology, Drug Actions and Reactions." p. 8,9.
I. Pharmacology is the study of chemical agents (xenobiotics – drugs substances foreign to the body) and living organisms (different cell types) and all aspects of their interactions i.e. a biological response. These xenobiotics may include: pollutants, food additives, contaminants and DRUGS.
A. These substances can be:
B. Primitive man identified edible and poisonous plants and animals that were:
C. Physicians used drugs as therapeutic agents
D. Interest and concerns: take drugs over long time
E. Medicines as old as human race combat illnesses/plants around them ease pain:
F. Poisonshelped provide valuable discoveries –
G. Examples of uses for Toxins or Poisons currently being investigated for medicinal purposes: can be man-made or natural products
H. Toxins work by:
I. Other Toxin Examples
J. Rainforest: 22 years
Marc Plotkin asks these questions:
More Resources to answer some questions:
.Unit 1 (continued) History of Pharmacology
(Medicines and Religions have been intertwined over the years, "If we want to see ahead, we must look back" -Albert Szent-Gyorgyi years (pg. 1Levine, Ruth R. "Pharmacology, Drug Actions and Reactions.")
I. Egypt and Babylonia 1600 B.C. Papyrus listing and characterizing 700 diseases
A. Egyptians used mythology for their welfare
B. Materia Medica (p.458, Levine, Ruth R. "Pharmacology, Drug Actions and Reactions."): remedies for disease, sources, nature and preparation of drugs
C. Babylonians believed the world was full of hostile demons
D. India: Sushruta (500B.C.) Hindu Prof. Of medicine:
II. India and Greece
A. medicine and religion are a close alliance until the Code of Hammurabi.
B. Greece: medicinal pharmacy "History of Plants" 300 B.C.
1st ethics Hippocrates 400B.C. : freed medicine from mysticism and philosophy "Father of Medicine" with emphasis on medical ethics.
C. Dioscorides: Nero's surgeon described 600 plants This was the chief source of pharmacological knowledge till 16th century "Father of Materia Medica" (later in Europe)
D. Anatomy & Physiology
Sensory and motor nerves
E. Erasistratus 0 AD antiquity, function of arteries – physiologist
Herophilus: anatomist 19 centuries before Harvey "Circulation of Blood"
F. Roman Era: Galen "described humors" blood phlegm yellow and black bile and earth air fire, water
G. Middle Ages: no significant developments in Europe till 1500 AD Paracelsus
H. Greeks (B.C./A.D.)
I. Many advances were made with Arabs and Jews
J. Crusades later brought these discoveries to Europe
A. Arabs made many contributions: precision in observation, control in experimentation meticulous record keeping. They developed The Experimental Method
B. Moslems: 1st apothecary shop, 1st pharmacy school, 1st standards regulations of drugs.
C. 15th century alchemy of Arabs – Europe relatively pure substances for medical use Sulfur, Iron, Arsenic and Laudanum "tincture of opium" (the active part morphine), Mercury was used to treat syphilis.
D. Standards established, storage and preparation of drugs was standardized, 1st consumer protection punished by law if deceptive practices occurred.
IV. 13th century medicinals come to Europe
Paracelsus: "Grandfather of Pharmacology"
"the dose is the poison"
A. Rise of Pharmacology:
Humans concerned with digestive organs specifically bowels
17th cent. England – bimonthly purging for good health, many substances used for murder, magic, and folk
Notes for unit I Introduction and History of Pharmacology are based on


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text:
Almost everybody loves having plants in their house or office. Sadly, only a few of us know how to take care of them well. Most of us are really not equipped with the nuances of gardening and end up with dead or wilted plants because we haven't been able to pay enough attention to them and do not know how much water, nutrients or light they need. To take the guesswork out of gardening, Switzerland-based company Koubachi has created this amazing Wi-Fi Plant Sensor. The sensor is designed to measure the amount of light, temperature and moisture that your plants need and can give the user precise feedback on how to keep their plants healthy.
To use, the Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor needs to be placed in a plant for a fortnight to gather the necessary data. The system can then provide accurate instructions for all the plants placed in the area. Next, the system sends alarms and care instructions to the user's email or smartphone via Wi-Fi allowing users to respond to the plants' needs in real time.
All the data gathered by the sensors is also stored in cloud storage for free. The system is designed to make gardening an accurate science for people who have little or no experience in taking care of plants. The Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor retails at a price of approximately $104.


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Alternative name: Madeiran Storm-Petrel
- Oceanodroma castro
- Sooty-brown plumage
- Narrow, rectangular, white rump patch
- Slightly forked tail
- Dark bill with tube on top.
 Similar Species
Breeds on the Azores and Madeira in the Atlantic, and the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific. Otherwise pelagic.
As treated here, this taxon is monotypic.
Cape Verde Storm Petrel and Monteiro's Storm Petrel have been split from this species recently.
Additionally, there may be two additional taxons waiting to be described.
Quick wing beats between glides on bowed wings.
It nests in colonies close to the sea in rock crevices and lays a single white egg. Nests are visited only at night.
The diet includes invertebrates, small vertebrates and sometimes carrion.
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-_PHONE_. Spreadsheet available at _URL_
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
 External Links


text:
Submitted to: Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety
Publication Type: Review Article
Publication Acceptance Date: October 1, 1997
Publication Date: N/A
Interpretive Summary: Review article, interpretive summary not required.
Technical Abstract: This chapter describes the production of bales of high quality cotton fiber. Many factors ranging from soil preparation to bale packaging play a key role in providing the consumer with good quality fiber. Cotton production practices including soil preparation, variety selection, seed and plant diseases, insect and weed control, defoliation, harvesting, and seed cotton storage, as well as cotton cleaning, drying, ginning, and packaging are described with specific emphasis on fiber quality. Recommended gin machinery sequences and preferred ginning procedures are also addressed. The safety and health of gin employees, regulations, and recommended safety programs that are important factors in efficient operations are also described.


Reply To: Tip: simulate post grid (for specific pages)
Jason Bobich
This is sort of tough to do from the custom query option because in all ways (that I know of anyway) to specify specific pages would not be possible within a single string.
I can think of two ways where actually feeding pages through to the post grid would be possible the way things are setup.
1) Take the pages you want to be in the post grid and set them as Child pages to some Parent page. Then in your custom query string you'd do this:
Where "123" is the numerical post ID for the Parent page, to which you want the child pages below it to show. Note that by using the custom query string in any post grid, you're overriding the number of posts normally generated for you based on the columns/rows. So, you need to specify that, as well.
2) Now, this is super hacky, but an interesting thing I just thought of. Internally, there is a filter on the query string every time a post grid is generated. But there's no way to really identify this filter with a specific post grid instance.
In your instance of the Post grid, you could use the "query" option to pass in some unique identifier to use as a "catch" from your PHP function that you're going to attach to the filter for all post grid queries.
So, for example, setup a post grid and for the query option write something like:
Now from your Child theme's functions.php you can filter onto the query string for all post grids and use that identifier to trigger some custom query string.
 * Custom query for post lists/post grids
function my_custom_posts_query( $query, $args ){
 if( $args['query'] =='my_unique_key' ){
 $query = array(
 'post_type' => 'page',
 'post__in' => array( 1, 2, 3, 4 ) // ID's for any pages you want to include
 return $query;
add_filter( 'themeblvd_posts_args','my_custom_posts_query', 10, 2 );


Proverbs 4:23: Above all else, guard your heart, for everything you do flows from it.
Holm Cultram Abbey is a nurturing, Christian, family orientated school where every child is valued and their unique and special gifts are celebrated.
We work hard to ensure our children are educated to the highest of standards as well as being offered a wealth of exciting and inspiring opportunities to prepare them for our wide and varied global world.
Within the context of our Christian belief and practice, we ensure the school's core values of love, trust and respect underpin all the work we do. Teaching these values help to deepen our children's understanding of what being a good and caring citizen means and supports them to become a well-rounded and inspirational human being.
We enjoy working in partnership with parents to ensure children find school a positive and rewarding experience. We strongly believe achievement and enjoyment go hand in hand and we welcome parents into school on many occasions to share the children's successes and achievements.
Our school team have chosen the privileged position of working with children because we want to make sure every day counts in their precious lives. This includes striving to solve any problems they may have as quickly as possible. If you have any concerns or worries please notify us as soon as possible and we will work hand in hand to ensure a
solution is found.
Most importantly we want each and every child at Holm Cultram
Abbey to love 'school' as much as we do. Making happy memories is
so important and we want our children to be immersed in fun and
laughter, to love themselves, achieve what they desire and do so
with the support of a great team of people.
Jemma Nicholson BA (Hons) NPQH
Head Teacher
Welcome to Holm Cultram Abbey CE School!
T: 01697361261 A: Holm Cultram Abbey l Abbeytown l Wigton l CA7 4RU E: T: _USER_
Describe your image


text:
Definitions of brittle:
- noun: caramelized sugar cooled in thin sheets
- adjective: (of metal or glass) not annealed and consequently easily cracked or fractured
- adjective: lacking warmth and generosity of spirit
Example: "A brittle and calculating woman"
- adjective: having little elasticity; hence easily cracked or fractured or snapped
Example: "Brittle bones"
- name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #27934)
Search for brittle at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
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text:
An intriguing suggestion from the structure of β2
AR was the ability of cholesterol and palmitate to act in concert to mediate GPCR dimer formation [3
]. It is possible that this effect was largely observed due to crystal packing conditions but such an arrangement could influence GPCR activity in vivo
The recent study by Zheng et al
] systematically investigates the effects of cholesterol and palmitoylation on OPRM1 dimerization and G protein coupling using a variety of colocalization techniques. Cholesterol can be depleted by statins and Zheng et al
. used the synthetic statin simvastatin to probe the effects of cholesterol on OPRM1. Simvastatin reduced the amount of cholesterol associated with OPRM1 but also decreased receptor dimerization and receptor-G protein interactions. The authors also demonstrate that mutagenesis of the palmitoylated cysteine residue in OPRM1 has no effect on ligand binding but does decrease signaling efficiency, probably by impairing GPCR-G protein association. The same mutant had significantly reduced dimerization, and it was proposed that this was responsible for the reduced G protein coupling. Although it has been suggested that a G protein heterotrimer is too large to signal via a monomeric GPCR, monomeric receptors have been shown to signal efficiently [8
], although this ability may be receptor-specific. Finally, Zheng et al
. demonstrate that the palmitate-free mutant associated more weakly with cholesterol [4
], suggesting a functional interaction between the palmitate group and cholesterol.
It is interesting to note that, in contrast to the β2
AR crystal structure [3
], the palmitate group on OPRM1 is not located on the carboxy-terminal tail but instead on the intracellular side of transmembrane domain (TM) 3 [4
]. In β2
AR, the dimer interface involves TM1 and helix 8 (in the carboxy-terminal tail) whereas the OPRM1 dimer interface is predicted to be between TM4 of each protomer, with the palmitate bound to the carboxy-terminal side of TM3. This difference in receptor interface may be driven by the location of palmitoylation and it is possible that regulation of palmitoylation states could dynamically influence the dimerization interfaces of GPCRs. A model of the OPRM1 dimer in which cholesterol and palmitate pack together to facilitate receptor dimerization reveals that cholesterol interactions contribute approximately 25% of the total interaction energy at the homodimer interface [4
]. Dimerization of OPRM1 appears to be regulated by palmitate, which recruits cholesterol to stabilize the dimer. Most GPCR dimers are transient, and anything that affects the weak association between protomers may have dramatic effects on the population of dimers at equilibrium.
The complex interplay between receptor, cholesterol and palmitate illustrated by Zheng et al
] lends support to the model suggested by the crystal structure of β2
] by demonstrating a role for sterols and lipids in GPCR dimerization in vivo
. It remains to be seen if other GPCRs require such modulation to support dimerization. For example, neurotensin receptor 1 can dimerize in artificial lipid membranes even in the absence of palmitoylation [9
] and also in low concentrations of detergent (no lipid bilayer) [10
]. An interesting discussion remains - what truly constitutes a GPCR dimer? How close do the receptors have to be to functionally interact? If a dimer is required solely to provide sufficient surface area for G protein coupling, then the proximity provided by such a lipid bridge seems sufficient, but if allosteric regulation by protomers within the dimer is to occur, more direct protein-protein interactions may be required.
These studies remind us that it is vital to consider membrane proteins in the context of their environment. They do not exist in isolation and are heavily influenced by lipids, sterols and other proteins. Cholesterol and palmitoylation can affect all aspects of GPCR activity and their precise roles are likely to be receptor-dependent, although only with more data can we hope to determine any consensus. Membrane environments are challenging to control and probe, but such studies are vital if we are to gain a complete understanding of GPCR function.


text:
Two parallel rings 50cm apart, suspended from a cable and straps and held, one in each hand, for a series of exercises in men's artistic gymnastics particularly requiring stillness of the body; also called the "rings".
An apparatus in women's artistic gymnastics with a top bar 2.4m above the floor and a lower bar 1.6m high, used for a continuous series of grip changes, releases, new grasps and other complex moves.
A bar standing 2.75 metres high, used in men's artistic gymnastics; also called the "horizontal bar".
Parallel bars (Artistic)
An apparatus consisting of two wooden rails on uprights, adjustable in height and used for swinging, vaulting and balancing exercises in men's artistic gymnastics.
A solid apparatus 115 centimetres high with two handles, or pommels, on top that men in artistic gymnastics use for a series of manoeuvres defined by complex hand placements and body positions while holding themselves above the apparatus.
An imaginary surface where moves are performed, i.e. lateral, frontal, horizontal or diagonal.
An imaginary surface at less than a 90-degree angle to the floor, where moves are performed.
An imaginary surface, level with the ground, where moves are performed.
An imaginary surface to the side of, and parallel to, the body, where moves are performed.
A large, thick mat that sits on the floor at each end of the trampoline to cushion the impact if anyone falls from the apparatus.
A solid apparatus similar to the pommel horse, but lacking handles, and used in men's and women's artistic gymnastics for a variety of handsprings from a running approach.
The springboard used in the men's and women's vault.


text:
Pegasus, in Greek mythology, winged horse that carries the thunderbolt of Zeus. He sprang full-grown from the neck of the dying Gorgon Medusa. With a slash of his hoof, he created the Hippocrene, a sacred spring of the Muses on Mt. Helicon. Hence, he has often been associated with the arts, especially poetry. Pegasus was captured by Bellerophon, who rode him through many adventures. His name indicates a pre-Greek origin.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Folklore and Mythology


text:
Easy Sepia Tone Effects
Take sepia toning, for example. Say you wanted to get a sepia tone image from
a color shot, made on negative film, like this one from a war camp reenactment.
In olden times here's what you'd have to do, depending on what
you exposed the image on in the first place:
1) From slides: Make an internegative, which meant you'd have to expose or contact print the slide onto a sheet of film. This would create a negative image from which you could print. You'd then have to develop that film.
2) From a color negative: Make a print on a special (Panalure) paper that would render, the a certain extent, the colors on the negative to s decent range of tonal values on the print. The print would have to developed under special safelights, as the Panalure paper would fog under normal safelight conditions.
3) From a black and white negative: Make a print.
Once that was done you'd have to mix a metallic toner bath, composed mostly of sulphides, which, frankly, stunk like rotten eggs. This stuff attacked your sinuses and made everyone within sniffing range upset at your weird alchemical practices. Sepia toner consisted of two baths--one to bleach the print (composed of potassium ferricyanide, nasty stuff indeed) and then the other, the sulphide bath, in which you then "redeveloped" the image back with a golden, sepia tone. And getting the bleach/redevelop ratio right took some practice. You then had to dry the print, etc. Total time for all this: about two hours, with cleanup.
Well, the results were very nice, and the print, being protected by the metallic toner, was indeed long-lasting. But consider what you can do now with a digitized image, or digital image made with a digicam to create the same image effect. We'll use Photoshop Elements 3 here, but other image manipulation programs offer similar methods.
1) Open the image in the software.
2) Choose Enhance>Remove Color
3) Once that's done you have a monochrome image.
4) Open Enhance>Adjust Color>Adjust Hue/Saturation.
5) Click ON the colorize box and then just slide the Hue adjustment until you get just the tone you want, and then the Saturation and Lightness slider to taste.
Here's the final result.
Total time: about 20 seconds. Then make a print, which might take from a minute to more, depending on your printer and the size you print. No chemicals to mix and clean up, and no rotten eggs smell wafting around your house or apartment.


text: Abstract Ventilator-dependent children are surviving longer and increasing in number. This qualitative study was undertaken to describe the impact of a ventilator-dependent child on 10 families and to describe the management styles used by the parents. In five families, the child remained hospitalized due to the disability while in the other five the child primarily lived at home. Three major themes in managing were elicited: barriers, resources, and parenting. Parents believed they should try to normalize their child's experiences, that interactions with health care professionals required negotiation and assertiveness, and that they needed some support person(s) outside of the family.


text:
Adrien Semin develops mathematical models to describe the propagation of sound waves. He is postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Berlin.
»If nature could be written in equations, there would be no more surprises«
Why do we need mathematical models to study natural phenomena?
Modelling and simulations are often less time-consuming and expensive than real experiments. And in some cases, it would simply not be feasible to conduct a real experiment and make observations. For example, if we wanted to understand the aerodynamics of an aeroplane in flight, it would be very difficult to see or measure air behaviour in a real experiment. The same applies to sound waves, which is what I am trying to model. I am working on a Navier–Stokes equation that describes acoustic waves in the presence of fluids. My goal is to understand how waves are propagated at different length scales. I'll give you an example: if we have a turbine chamber which is one metre long with small holes of one millimetre in diameter, there will be perturbations near these small holes. But they will not happen in the same way on a larger scale, if the holes are ten times that size, for example. The patterns will be different. Our idea is to derive a mathematical model that fits both scales.
What about wave type? Does it make a difference in simulations?
When mathematicians think about wave propagation, it makes no difference whether we are talking about water waves, sound waves, or light waves. The theoretical models, the geometry, and even our observations can vary, but the mathematics behind them always stays the same. So the techniques we use to develop the model also remain relatively constant.
How close do models come to real phenomena?
Not especially close, I would have to say. To describe a complex physical phenomenon like the flow of water in a turbine chamber, we have to break it up into a series of different mathematical problems. We start with simplified equations that only include a limited number of parameters, for example the size of the turbine chamber. We cannot create a complete model that accounts for all possible parameters of the phenomenon we are studying. That would be mathematically impossible. Our models can offer little more than approximations. This is fine, as long as we apply a given model within our explicit range of parameters. However, we will start to have problems when we try to transfer a model to a new set of parameters. Reality is far too complex to be described in mathematical terms. On the other hand, if nature could be written in equations, there would be no more surprises. That would make my job as a scientist far less exciting.
This page will not be updated after the end of the fellowship.


text:
Teachers either lead their students on a field trip to a
local pond, river, etc. or bring fresh water samples to
This project is simply an enhanced method of presenting a traditional class
experiment since many classes analyze water samples each
Students from New Jersey took photos from their field trip to collect water samples.
Take a look:
Photos can be taken with a digital or ordinary camera
and digitally processed or scanned and then placed online.


text:
Summary: In our study, we undertake a relative efficiency analysis of hospitals providing inpatient care, which play a key role in the Hungarian health care system. According to the Competitiveness Report 2020 of the Hungarian National Bank, the Hungarian health care system has a number of reserves, and the sustainability of the system can be improved by using these reserves. In the 2015-2019 period, particular attention has been paid to the identification of achievable and meaningful indicators in the sector under review. The relative effectiveness analysis (DEA) method can be used to address this challenge. The units of our analysis are state-owned institutions in Hungary, typologised by the total number of beds. General profile hospitals with a bed count between 600 and 1200 beds were included in the analysis. The results of running the programme have clearly shown that there are some institutions that do not operate as efficiently as the majority of the organisations included in the study, but further research and refinement of the indicators is needed to determine the practical application of the pilot studies.
Keywords: hospital, effectiveness analysis, DEA method
JEL codes: I14, H11
Download full text here! (pdf)


Docking financial aid based on attendance makes for unfair policy
Illustration by:
The implementation of a new policy regulating financial aid based on attendance is illogical and could result in unfair reductions to student grant money.
According to a Sept. 12 University Star article, Pell Grant, Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grant and TEACH Grant recipients who do not attend classes they are enrolled in and receiving aid for may have their grants docked accordingly. If students are recorded as "absent" in a course on the 12th class day, they will now be assumed to have not attended class at all, and will have aid partially withdrawn.
Chris Murr, director of Financial Aid and Scholarship, said this is not a new regulation, but one the university will now follow in an effort to comply with federal rules. While it is commendable the university is now following federal rules—and somewhat concerning that they weren't being followed in the first place—this regulation is unreasonable.
The problem is the new policy only monitors attendance one day out of an entire semester. Students aware of the policy can easily mark their calendars and set plans to attend the one class day that matters, completely circumventing the policy's point.
Conversely, if grant-receiving students have no choice but to miss the 12th day because of injury or illness, it could result in unfair deductions or at the very least create unnecessary struggles for those attempting to explain their absence.
If federal officials want to regulate aid disbursement based on attendance, the least they could do is dock aid based on class attendance policies over the course of an entire semester instead of the arbitrary method currently in place. As long as students stay within course guidelines for attendance, their aid should not be reduced.
However, good attendance is not a guarantee students will do well in a class. Students may be more likely to do well in a class if they have attended a few lectures, but not necessarily. Many core-level classes are basically common sense and require no more than a small degree of life experience and intellect to pass.
Because some students are able to do well in a class without attending, aid should not be dependent upon just showing up. Instead, federal agencies and officials should consider a policy where aid is conditional upon the grade a student earns. If students fail their classes, then aid is docked—simple as that.
Many of the students who receive these grants depend upon them to continue attending college. The aid they receive should therefore not be cut without good reason. As long as students are passing classes in a timely fashion, they are moving towards a degree. Attendance record is irrelevant.
There are dozens of other ways federal aid can be more effectively regulated. The implementation of a policy based around attendance is inane and unfair, and should be reconsidered in order to create a more logical and efficient system to monitor aid money.
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What Data Does WalkMe Collect?
Updated on December 17, 2020 Download PDFDownload as PDF
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Brief Overview
WalkMe allows you to gain insights about user behavior around your WalkMe content and on your website itself. To provide this insight, WalkMe collects information such as which Walk-Thrus are completed and which WalkMe widgets are opened.
Does WalkMe Collect Sensitive Information?
By default, WalkMe does not collect personally identifiable information (PII) other than IP addresses in logs for security purposes, end users' approximate geolocation (country and city in which they are located) and masked IP addresses for the ongoing operation of the WalkMe system. WalkMe assigns collected metadata to anonymous random GUID.
The user identifier, which can also contain PII, is collected and sent according to the end-user identification settings configured for the account. (See our Unique User Settings support article). When the end-user ID provider you configured in settings is not available (for instance, if the user is not logged in), the WalkMe anonymous generated ID is sent.
Additionally, WalkMe collects and transfers environment properties such as browser and OS, page URL and title. The collection of page URL and page title can be prevented upon customer request.
Higher tracking levels, which collect more information, can be defined upon customer request.
Example Analytics Parameters
Below is an example of an event sent by WalkMe's data recorder for WalkMe Engagement Analytics purposes:
 "oName":"Log in",
 "string":"Chrome 72.0.3626.121"
 "title":"Pink Alligator - ShopMe"
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