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Website Detail Page
written by David McIntyre
Spins is an interactive computer program that simulates Stern-Gerlach measurements on spin 1/2 and spin 1 particles. This software is used as part of the "Paradigms in Physics" curriculum. This can be used as an example to study general problems in quantum measurement and time dependence.
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SPINS Java Homepage:
Is Required By PH425: Spin and Quantum Measurement
The SPINS Java software is the foundation of the PH425 course.relation by Bruce Mason
Is Based On A computer-simulated Stern–Gerlach laboratory
The SPINS Java software is based on an earlier application written for the Macintosh computer.relation by Bruce Mason
Is the Basis For QM Spins Program
The SPINS program is the basis for the QM Spins program.relation by Mario Belloni
References The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 - Otto Stern
The SPINS Java software can be used to build virtual experiments based on the work initially done by Stern and Gerlach.relation by Bruce Mason
Covers the Same Topic As Quantum Physics Online: Spin 1/2
"Spin 1/2" explores the dynamics of a single spin in static and time-dependent magnetic fields.relation by Bruce Mason
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Is Required By


GPB's new Content Analysis Tool
We are delighted to announce the completion of the first phase of development of our new online Scientific Content Analysis tool. It is now ready to use, and is available to the public for free, and can be found at
The purpose of this Tool is to help our clients (and anyone else who finds it useful) a measurement of their content so that they can see exactly where it needs to develop. We measure Numerical, Readability and Rhetorical metrics.Once you have made the changes, the improved scores on their various metrics will tell you that you have better content. For example, if you have an average number of words per sentence of 24, then that is longer than ideal length, which research suggests should be well below 20 words per sentence.
In our first phase we set ourselves the task of creating a content analysis tool that would be able to measure all the metrics used by all the other online tools. On other sites (and on some Microsoft software such as Word) you can see a range of metrics displayed. On the various sites you can find between 5 and 15 metrics, but the list of metrics varies, and is inconsistent. So we set out to have all the programmable metrics in one place.
The second task we set was top make our measurement more accurate than the other sites. This was because we noticed that when you copied text into each existing site, the results you got varied. For some metrics this can be explained by having different definitions for the metrics, where the definitions of these metrics has not been universally agreed. But that should not be the case for things like word per sentence count, and number of quotes or questions.
The GPB Content Analysis tool has the following metrics:
Numerical metrics
Number of: characters, sentences, words and syllables
Number of unique and repeated words
Average number of characters and syllables per word
Average number of words per sentence
Total number of polysyllabic words (3 or more syllables)
Readability metrics
Gunning-Fog, Coleman-Liau, Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Automated Readability indices
SMOG (Simple measure of Gobbledygook) Index
Flesh Reading Ease
Rhetorical metrics
Total number of rhetorical questions
Total number of quotations
Press, Research |,,


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Effective theories for multilayered plates (Ph.D. thesis)
We derive by $Γ$-convergence a family of effective plate theories for multilayered materials with internal misfit for scaling laws ranging from Kirchhoff's theory to linearised von Kármán. The main addition is the central role played by an intermediate von Kármán-like theory, where a new parameter interpolates between the adjacent regimes. We also prove the $Γ$-convergence of this limiting regime to the other two as well as the relevant compactness results and we characterise some minimising configurations for the scalings considered. Finally, we numerically investigate the interpolating regime employing the open source toolkit FEniCS to implement a discrete gradient flow. This provides empirical evidence for the existence of a critical value of the parameter around which minimisers are of different nature. We show $Γ$-convergence of the discretisation and compactness as the mesh size goes to zero.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Michael Schober, Frederick G. Conrad, and Scott S. Fricker (1999) "When and How Should Survey Interviewers Clarify Question Meaning?" Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, 1999. American Statistical Association.
Conversational interviewing, in which interviewers and respondents work together to make sure questions are understood as intended, can help respondents answer more accurately than strictly standardized interviewing. It takes longer and can be costly. Here we measured response accuracy and interview length for three kinds of partially conversational interviewing, which resemble current practice in some organizations. Census Bureau interviewers telephoned paid laboratory respondents, who answered factual questions from ongoing government surveys on the basis of fictional scenarios. Interviewers either (1) read scripted definitions of question concepts when respondents explicitly asked for clarification; (2) used their own words to present official definitions of question concepts when respondents explicitly asked for clarification; (3) presented scripted definitions whenever they deemed it necessary, even if respondents hadn't explicitly requested clarification. For all three partially conversational techniques responses were reliably more accurate than for strictly standardized interviews, and interviews took reliably longer; compared to more fully conversational interviews (in which interviewers could present definitions in their own words whenever they thought this might help) responses were less accurate and interviews shorter. Results suggest that response accuracy improves whenever respondents get help, whether or not they ask for it explicitly; but if it is left only up to respondents to ask for help, they often won't.
Last Modified Date: July 19, 2008

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Ever since humans began to live together in settlements they have felt the need to organize some kind of defense against potentially hostile neighbors. Many of the earliest city states were built as walled towns, and during the medieval era, stone castles were built both as symbols of the defenders' strength and as protection against potential attack. The advent of cannon prompted fortifications to become lower, denser, and more complex, and the forts of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries could appear like snowflakes in their complexity and beautiful geometry. Without forts, the history of America could have taken a very different course, pirates could have sailed the seas unchecked, and Britain itself could have been successfully invaded.
This book explains the history of human fortifications, and is beautifully illustrated using photographs, plans, drawings, and maps to explain why they were built, their various functions, and their immense historical legacy in laying the foundations of empire.


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Diabetes is really five different diseases, a study looking at nearly 9,000 people with diabetes in Sweden and Finland suggests.
Based on their results, they came up with 5 sub-types or clusters of diabetes. Cluster 1 corresponds to what could be called classic type 1 diabetes, while clusters 4 and 5 correspond to type 2 diabetes. Clusters 3 and 4 can be thought of as falling between the two extremes.
5 Clusters Of Symptoms
The study has value for improving our understanding of diabetes. For example, the researchers found that people who had cluster 3 or 4 diabetes had a higher risk of kidney disease or vision problems (retinopathy) than people in the other clusters.
But the diagnosis and management of diabetes isn't going to change overnight. Further research is needed to see whether these 5 clusters hold true for non-Scandinavian populations.
The study, conducted by researchers from Lund University, Uppsala University and the University of Gothenburg in Sweden; and Vaasa Health Centre and the University of Helsinki in Finland, analysed several cohorts and registries of people with diabetes from Sweden and Finland to look at the characteristics of people newly diagnosed with the disease.
Traditionally, diabetes has been understood to have two main forms. In type 1, the body's immune cells attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The person is completely unable to produce insulin and relies on lifelong insulin.
Type 2, however, has always been a bit more of a mixed condition. People either don't produce enough insulin or their body's cells don't respond to it, with varying degrees of severity. Management ranges from dietary control or medication through to daily insulin injections.
The researchers felt refining the classification to recognise other types of diabetes could help to personalise treatment and identify those who may be at higher risk of specific complications.
5 Cohort Studies
The researchers looked at data from 5 cohort studies.
The first study – All New Diabetics in Scania (ANDIS) – recruited 14,625 people newly diagnosed with diabetes from across 177 general practices in Scania County, Sweden, between 2008 and 2016. They were followed up after an average of 4 years.
The Scania Diabetes Registry (SDR) study recruited 7,400 people with diabetes from Scania County between 1996 and 2009, following them up after an average of 12 years.
All New Diabetics in Uppsala (ANDIU) was a similar project to ANDIS but was carried out in the Uppsala region of Sweden. It included 844 people.
Diabetes Registry Vaasa (DIREVA) included 5,107 people with diabetes recruited in western Finland between 2009 and 2014.
Finally, the Malmö Diet and Cancer CardioVascular Arm (MDC-CVA) study included 3,330 people randomly selected from the larger Malmö Diet and Cancer study.
In the ANDIS study, blood samples were taken from people at registration, allowing the researchers to analyse their DNA and blood chemistry.
They also looked at various patient characteristics, complication rates – such as kidney and diabetic eye problems – and use of medications. People were clustered according to 6 main characteristics:
- age at diagnosis
- body mass index (BMI)
- glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) – a long-term indication of blood sugar control
- function of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
- level of insulin resistance – a measurement of how effectively, if at all, cells respond to insulin
- presence of glutamate decarboxylase antibodies (GADA)
GADAs are antibodies linked with what is known as late-onset autoimmune diabetes (LADA). LADA is often mistaken for type 2 diabetes because of its similar symptoms, but it needs to be treated in the same way as type 1 diabetes.
The other cohorts were analysed in a similar way, but the researchers did not have the additional information on DNA and blood chemistry that they did for ANDIS.
Researchers identified 5 main disease clusters.
Severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID): this tended to start at a younger age, in people with a relatively low BMI, poor blood sugar control, insulin deficiency and GADA. About 6% of the people in the ANDIS study had SAID.
Severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD): GADA-negative but otherwise similar to SAID. Identified in 18% of the people in ANDIS.
Severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD): characterised by insulin resistance and high BMI. Identified in 15% of the people in ANDIS.
Mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD): characterised by obesity but not insulin resistance. Identified in 22% of the people in ANDIS.
Mild age-related diabetes (MARD): people were generally older than those in other clusters and had only mild problems with glucose control, similar to MOD. Identified in 39% of the people in ANDIS.
The researchers observed that people in cluster 3 had a higher risk of kidney disease, while those in cluster 2 had higher risk of diabetic eye disease than people in other clusters.
"This new sub-stratification might eventually help to tailor and target early treatment to patients who would benefit most, thereby representing a first step towards precision medicine in diabetes,"
the study concludes.
This is a worthwhile study that suggests the diagnosis of diabetes may not be as simple as just types 1 and 2. It's already come to light that some people with late-developing diabetes, who are often presumed to have type 2 diabetes, may actually have LADA.
Improved understanding may allow necessarily treatment to be tailored and help us recognise which patients are more likely to develop complications.
However, this study alone is not sufficient to lead to changes in diabetes treatment guidelines, as it was only based on groups of diabetes patients in Scandinavia. The clusters and associated complications will need to be verified in other populations, including other ethnicities that may have a different risk of diabetes, such as Asian populations.
Funding for the work was provided by the Swedish Research Council, European Research Council, Vinnova, the Academy of Finland, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Scania University Hospital, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, the European Union Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking, Vaasa Hospital, Jakobstadsnejden Heart Foundation, Folkhälsan Research Foundation, the Ollqvist Foundation and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research.
Ahlqvist, Emma et al.
Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, DOI: _URL_


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Hellenic Republic
Ministry of National Economy
General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece (NSSG)
Population and Housing Census:
Basic instructions for completing census forms
March 18th 2001
 - All forms should be completed with a black pencil Faber (2b)
 - Fields colored pink should not be completed
One questionnaire will be completed per dwelling. The Population-Housing Census Form consists of an Instruction Sheet and Forms P-1.l, P- 1.2a, P-l2b, P- 1.2c and P-1.3. If a household has more than three members, the corresponding number of P-1.2 or P-1.3a forms will be completed. For each vacant dwelling, only the separate P- 1.1 form will be completed.
Form M P-1.1
The geographical characteristics of the dwelling are recorded in this form. The municipality or commune is indicated in accordance with the "I. Kapodistrias" Law. The geographical code, sector, section, block number, etc. are specified in the relevant columns. The dwelling numbers (serial number or S/N of dwelling) will be continuous within each section and will be given by the enumerator in the order in which dwellings are enumerated (following the order in which buildings are registered in the list O-1). In the block column, dwellings located outside the Locality will be indicated by means of 4 dashes (----). The total number of respondents in a dwelling will be completed after the dwelling's enumeration.
Part A. Housing data
Question 1: Items 3, 4 and 5 will be completed only if there are residents in the dwelling on the census day.
Question 4: The period of construction or extensive reconstruction of the dwelling, and its total surface. If larger than 1000 square meters, write 998.
Question 5: Indicate the number of rooms in the dwelling, except the kitchen, including rooms that are used exclusively for professional purposes. Bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, staff rooms, regular attics or cellars, etc. should be counted, but not bathrooms, corridors, verandas, toilets, etc.
Question 6: Indicate whether the dwelling has a kitchen and whether it meets the requirements of a regular room (i.e., Is its area at least 4 square meters? Are the walls at least 2 meters high? Is there space for one bed?). If the kitchen area is part of the living room, the dwelling is classified as having a kitchen, but question 6b should be answered 2 (No).
Part B. Information pertaining to the householder, etc.
Question 4: Write down the number of rooms available for the household. If more than one household shares the dwelling, the rooms will be proportionately distributed among the households. If more than one household lives together in one room, all of these persons should be considered members of one household. If more than 5 persons unrelated to each other live in a dwelling, this will be considered a collective residence.
Question 5: Item 3 refers to cases where the use of a dwelling is transferred to another party without payment, arbitrary occupation (squatting), etc.
Question 6: To be completed after the enumeration of the household.
Part C. Household data
(relating to the members of the Household - forms p-1.2a, p-1.7-b. P-1.2c)
Fill in the serial number - S/N - of the household of which the respondent is a member.
Question 1: Write in block letters the surname and the first name of the father (or the husband for married or widowed women) of all persons who spent the night of 17th to 18th March in the household. In the case of children who do not yet have a name, write the word "unchristened". The household members should be listed in the following order: head (householder), spouse or cohabitant, unmarried children of the couple ranked in descending order by age, unmarried children with a cohabiting partner, married children ranked in descending order by age together with their spouses and children, the couple's parents, household help, boarders, and others. First list the household members, currently present or temporarily absent, and then list the house guests.
Question 4: Indicate if the respondent is a household member, present or temporarily absent, or a houseguest. If a member is temporarily absent (for a short period, due to holidays, hospitalization, professional obligations, detention, etc.) note the reason for his/her absence. Any person who spent the night in this household on census day is considered as being present. Even if a person is absent at the time of the enumerator's visit to the household, having gone to work, to church, to the coffee shop, to visit relatives or anywhere else, he/she will be registered as present. In addition, persons who on the previous night, were on duty, out having fun, working in the fields, or traveling within the country and were not registered in another place and will be returning in the morning, shall also be registered as present.
Question 5: Indicate the kinship or other relationship of the householder to persons 2 and next (e.g. spouse, child, father, etc.). All children (natural, adopted, stepchildren, either married or not) are considered children - excluding foster ones.
Question 7: This question refers to the legal marital status of persons.
Question 9: The citizenship may be ascertained by official documents such as identity card, passport, etc. Item 5 refers to persons whose citizenship is not resolved (due to unification or separation of the countries they come from). If an answer from 2-5 is given and the respondent resides in Greece, the Form P-13/Part D should be completed.
Question 10: Write down the municipality/commune where the respondent is registered, in accordance with the "I. Kapodistrias" Law. Not to be addressed to persons with citizenship other than Greek. It is not advisable to extract information from identity cards - they are not always reliable.
Question 11: Place of usual residence is the place where the household is settled. If the household uses two dwellings in different places, note the one where they reside most of the
Question 12: Not to be answered by children aged 12 months or less.
Question 13: Not to be answered by children born after December 31st, 1995.
Question 14: Only one answer, corresponding to the highest level of studies completed by the respondent. Post-secondary education comprises schools not belonging to Higher Education (Universities) for which secondary education certificate is required (e.g. Vocational Training Institutes / Centers, Colleges etc.). Not to be answered by children born later than 1-1-1995.
Question 15: An answer is required for respondents that have checked any item from 1-4 in question 14 and refers to the University or Technical Education Degree (items 3-4) they have attained. Supposing that the respondent has a PhD or Master's done in the University of Athens, he/she should note only the basic (University) degree, that is: a) Educational institution: University of Thessalonica, b) School: Sciences, c) Department: Chemistry, d) City: Thessalonica. If the degree was obtained abroad, the foreign country has to be noted.
Question 16: Working is any person that was working during the week prior to the census (12-17 March, 2001) even for one hour only, for money or without payment in the family business. The same answer applies also to persons who were absent from work because of illness, leave etc. Persons that started to work recently are considered as working, but not those who stopped working recently and have no intention of working in the future.
Question 19: Employer is a person who employs at least one person, excluding members of the household contributing in the family business without payment.
Question 20: Write down the actual number of hours worked. Overtime should be included, but not the hours lost due to strike, leave, illness or weather conditions.
Question 21: "Local unit" of an enterprise is the building or buildings located in one particular place. If the respondent is working in more than one location or at home, as "local unit" is considered the Administrative Department of the establishment.
Question 22: It refers to the respondent's occupation during the past 12 months, regardless of whether he/she was working at census time.
Question 23: Write down the hours usually worked, including usual overtime, in the main occupation.
Question 24: Item 1 refers to people moving continually, not presenting themselves in a certain place. When they present themselves in a particular place, item 3 or 4 is applied accordingly.
Question 25: Write down the total number of live births regardless of a woman's marital status. If she hasn't any live-born children, put dashes (--).
Question 26: Write down the total duration of marriage(s), excluding the period of widowhood, or the years between marriages.
Part D. Immigration data
Question 1: Write down the month only if the respondent has settled in Greece in 1998, 1999 or 2000. In case that the person left the country and came back again, take account of the most recent settlement, except for the case that the absence did not exceed three months.


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Ok, you probably won't hear that one around the lab (taste-testing the nano-gold is a strict no-no), but researchers have discovered a way to replace the toxic chemicals typically used to make gold nanoparticles with cinnamon.
"The procedure we have developed is non-toxic," Kannan said. "No chemicals are used in the generation of gold nanoparticles, except gold salts. It is a true 'green' process."
The cinnamon takes the place of the toxic agents that remove the gold particles from gold salts, explains Popular Science:
There are several ways to produce gold particles, but most involve dissolving chloroauric acid, also called gold salts, in liquid and adding chemicals to precipitate gold atoms. Common mixtures include sodium citrates, sodium borohydride (also used to bleach wood pulp) and ammonium compounds.


Learning New Technology In Stratford
Bunnell High School, Stratford CT
 As a child growing everybody loved to play in the sandbox. In Stratford, Connecticut at the public library adults have an opportunity to join the fun in the sandbox.
The Technology sandbox is a program that helps adults to understand and learn about E-readers, laptops, smart phones, tablet computers, MP3 players, iPods, or any mobile device. It's designed to help adults to understand modern technology.
Ms. Janice Lewis, a former teacher, said, "I taught at Bunnell for 35 years and I left the year my grades would have to be submitted on a computer, technology has never been much of my friend."
The Sandbox is a place for adults to play with new technology, to try new applications, and learn how to work them. Adults are eager to learn how to use the technology that their kids use. This will help them to understand and achieve jobs of the future.
Director Barbra Blosveren said, "People get them as gifts and they really don't understand the process of how they work or why they work, and the purpose of doing these programs here at the library is to help individuals with their technology needs."
Everyone who took part in this class came out knowing not only how to use the few devices they learned about, but also how to figure out and comprehend the new ones they may encounter in the future.
Copyright © 2017, Hartford Courant


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UNESCO Global Forum: Uses and misuses of university rankings
Are university rankings a good measure for comparing institutions of higher education? Are the criteria used in ranking systems relevant to students everywhere? Do they wield too much influence on policies of universities? These questions will be at the heart of an international forum, organised by UNESCO, the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to be held at UNESCO, 16-17 May (Room 2).
The Forum – "Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses" – will be opened by UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova. Participants include Qian Tang, Assistant UNESCO Director-General for Education, Jamil Salmi, the World Bank's Tertiary Education Coordinator, and Barbara Ischinger, the OECD's Director for Education, along with representatives of the world's leading rankings systems, policy-makers, experts, researchers, students, representatives of international organizations, the media and higher education establishments from around the world.
First used as an information tool aimed at satisfying public demand for transparency, international university rankings have come to be regarded as measure of quality, and spurred intense competition between establishments. In a globalized world, where higher education has become a major export industry and where student mobility is increasing exponentially, they have been transformed into policy-instruments that influence the decisions of institutions, academic staff, researchers, students and policy-makers.
The Forum will serve as an opportunity to clarify the methodology underpinning the many rankings available today, to question why they have such influence, and examine their impact on institutions' policies. Participants will also look beyond rankings at existing and developing accountability tools for higher education.


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5 Ups and Downs of Special Education Labels
Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of special education labels.
Advantage #1: Identifying a Disability Helps You Help Your Student
Accurately and properly identifying the learning difficulty is an essential first step. Universal interventions help all, but individualized interventions are BETTER. Labeling can be a responsible and necessary step to find specific interventions and supports that target students' specialized needs.
Disadvantage #1: Teachers Can Stereotype Students Based on the Label
Teachers can stereotype students based on the label. Classifying a student with a particular label can cause others to mistake that all traits in the given category apply to the student. School officials need to understand that categories are abstract classifications that are not the be all and end all of the student's abilities.
Advantage #2: By Law, Kids With Labels Have Access to Special Services
Labels are required by educational code for students to receive special education services. Special education classifications given to students make teachers and schools legally responsible for providing services and supports to students.
Disadvantage #2: Special Education Services May Be Costly
Oftentimes the label comes too late. A preventative approach can help students with mild learning problems early on, which may reduce the number of students needing special education. This can also decrease money spent on special education and the stigma of a label.
Advantage #3: Categories Can Help Researchers Find New Solutions
Each category conveys a general idea about learning styles and characteristics. Classifying learning needs with a label helps professionals offer research-based interventions, accommodations, and modifications that are proven to help children with similar learning needs.
Disadvantage # 3: Labeling May Create a Self-Fulfilling Prophesy
Labels shape teacher expectations for the student. This may cause teachers to have lowered standards for the student. Treating students differently based on their special education classifications can inhibit the rate and kind of material students learn. Students may not be challenged to accomplish their full potential.
The set is continued below.
Advantage # 4: Labels May Help Teachers and Peers Be More Understanding
Classifying students for special education can cause teachers and peers to better tolerate and accept these students for their differences. A label can protect students from ridicule or scolding that would otherwise cause greater blame to those students without a label.
Disadvantage # 4: Labels Can Create a Lasting Stigma
While a label can protect, it can also stigmatize. Special education labels often hinder a child's self-esteem. Special education categories usually focus on what the child cannot do, rather than which skills the child may be able to strengthen or learn.
Advantage # 5: Labeling Helps Spread Advocacy and Awareness
Special education labels highlight the concern for the public. Funding and resources for research are often geared toward helping difficulties grouped together under a common category. Disability-specific advocacy groups (e.g., parents of children with autism) causes individuals to come together to promote certain programs and trigger legislative change.
Disadvantage # 5: There Are Lapses and Loopholes with Labeling
Not all students are accurately labeled. There is an over-representation of minority groups and language learners in special education. Since different states have different eligibility criteria, a student can be diagnosed with a learning disability in one state and denied of special services in another.


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. The story weaves its way through 175 years of history and many notable geographic areas and people of Maryland and Washington, D.C. Its culmination is the 1927 graduation from Harvard of Robert Turner Ford, whose lineage is traced to Yarrow through his wife's family.
Johnston has admirably sought to connect the dots of the family's history while also providing parallels to the larger story of slavery and emancipation in colonial America. His 2012 book stands apart for giving readers the depth and unity of a family story of rising fortunes in its 310 pages with 25 black and white illustrations.
Meet Johnson at the Annapolis Book Festival on April 13 at Key School, Annapolis.


-A A +A
We study the problem of magnetization and heat currents and their associated thermodynamic forces in a magnetic system by focusing on the magnetization transport in ferromagnetic insulators like YIG. The resulting theory is applied to the longitudinal spin Seebeck and spin Peltier effects. By focusing on the specific geometry with one Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) layer and one Pt layer, we obtain the optimal conditions for generating large magnetization currents into Pt or large temperature effects in YIG. The theoretical predictions are compared with experiments from the literature permitting to derive the values of the thermomagnetic coefficients of YIG: the magnetization diffusion length l M∼ 0.4 μ m and the absolute thermomagnetic power coefficient ε M∼ 10− 2 TK− 1.
American Physical Society
Publication date:
18 May 2016
Vittorio Basso, Elena Ferraro, Alessandro Magni, Alessandro Sola, Michaela Kuepferling, Massimo Pasquale
Biblio References:
Volume: 93 Issue: 18 Pages: 184421
Physical Review B


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Utilisation of waste material for environmental applications: calcination of mussel shells for waste water treatment
Jones, M. I., Wang, L. Y., Abeynaike, A. and Patterson, D. A., 2011. Utilisation of waste material for environmental applications: calcination of mussel shells for waste water treatment. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 110 (5), pp. 280-286.
Related documents:This repository does not currently have the full-text of this item.
You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided below. (Contact Author)
Waste mussel shells from the New Zealand aquaculture industry have been investigated as a potential source of lime for use in waste water treatment. The calcination of raw mussel shells to lime was studied as a function of particle size, temperature, heating rate, treatment time and atmosphere. Lime formation went through a maximum with respect to particle size for all heating conditions, as a result of competition between increased surface area and a tendency for particle to form necks resulting in caking. Optimised heat treatment conditions resulted in transformations of more than 95%. Preliminary experiments to investigate removal of phosphates from model waste water solutions showed that raw shells had limited ability due to a mechanism that relies on adsorption only. For these raw materials the finer particle sizes removed more phosphate due to increased surface area. The heat treated mussel shells on the other hand were shown to remove greater than 95% of the phosphates for both fine and coarse size ranges due to a precipitation mechanism of phosphate removal. This work demonstrates the potential for using mussels as an alternative to limestone for phosphate removal, at the same time overcoming the expensive and problematic issues of waste disposal.
|Creators||Jones, M. I., Wang, L. Y., Abeynaike, A. and Patterson, D. A.|
|Departments||Faculty of Engineering & Design > Chemical Engineering|
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When it comes to taking images of a high-quality, having a DSLR sensor that is clean is really necessary. Over time, grit, dust, and other particles can collect on the sensor, which can cause blotches and other imperfections to appear on the photographs you take. Cleaning your camera's sensor on a regular basis is required to preserve the functionality of your photographic equipment and provide the highest possible image quality. In this post, we will walk you through the steps necessary to successfully clean the sensor of your DSLR camera and offer advice on how to maintain your camera equipment clean.
Being Aware of the Significance of Keeping Your DSLR Sensor Clean
The image-capture mechanism of your DSLR camera revolves around the sensor, which serves as its brain. It is made up of millions of extremely small pixels, each of which can detect light and capture a picture. The quality of your images may suffer if there are any dust particles, smudges, or debris on the sensor. This may manifest as apparent spots or imperfections in the captured image. Consequently, maintaining a clean sensor in your DSLR is essential if you want to produce photographs that are crisp and error-free.
Making Preparations for the Cleaning of Sensors
It is crucial to make some preparations before beginning the process of cleaning the sensor, including the following:
- Completely charge your camera's battery to guarantee that it will continue to work normally throughout the cleaning procedure.
- Find a location that is free of dust and debris, ideally one that is inside, to reduce the likelihood that further dust particles may congregate on the sensor.
- Take off any lenses that are attached to the camera, then put the cap on the body of the camera to keep the sensor safe.
Selecting Appropriate Cleaning Equipment and Supplies
You will want the following equipment in order to clean the sensor on your DSLR camera successfully:
- A blower, sometimes known as a blower bulb or an air blower, is a device that may be used to clean a sensor without directly touching it.
- Cleaning Swabs for Sensors These specialist swabs are meant for wet cleaning and removing stubborn dirt or smudges from the sensor. They are available in a variety of different colors.
- Sensor Cleaning Solution In addition to the cleaning swabs, a sensor cleaning solution is utilized in order to dissolve and eliminate any oily residues that may be present on the sensor surface.
Cleaning Methods for Digital Single Lens Reflex Cameras
Dry cleaning and wet cleaning are the two processes that are most frequently utilized for the cleaning of DSLR sensors. Let's go through each approach in further detail:
The technique of Dry Cleaning
When it comes to eliminating stray dust particles from the sensor, the dry cleaning approach is an effective choice. Proceed in the following manner:
- Follow the instructions that came with your camera to activate the mode that cleans the sensor of the camera. This mode prevents the user from adjusting the mirror and exposes the sensor so it may be cleaned.
- Make use of a blower bulb to direct air onto the surface of the sensor. Hold the camera so that the lens mount is pointing downwards. This will enable any dust that has been loosened to fall out of the camera.
- If required, carry out the procedure a few more times, taking care not to contact the sensor surface or use an excessive amount of force.
Wet Cleaning Method
When dry cleaning alone is not enough to get the job done, wet cleaning is the approach that is employed. The following is a guide for performing wet cleaning:
- Make sure that you are in an area that is sanitized and under control.
- Apply a few drops of sensor cleaning solution on a cleaning swab, and use it to moisten the swab. It is important to avoid getting the swab too wet.
- Swipe the cotton swab across the surface of the sensor in a single, consistent path, avoiding any lateral motions as much as possible. To avoid spreading bacteria from one area to another, you should start each swipe with a clean swab.
- If necessary, carry out the procedure once more, this time using clean swabs each time.
- Before reattaching the lens, you should give the sensor sufficient time to thoroughly dry.
Carrying out the Procedure for Cleaning the Sensors
Now, let's go through the process of cleaning the sensor on your DSLR in a step-by-step fashion:
First, ensure that the environment is spotless and free of any dust.
When doing the sensor cleaning, select a location that is well-lit, clean, and free of dust. Steer clear of places where there is a lot of air movement or where there could be sources of dust.
Step 2: Take the Lens Out of the Camera.
You may remove the lens from your camera by pushing the button labeled "lens release" and turning the lens in the opposite direction of the clock. Put on the camera body cap to keep any dirt or debris from entering the camera.
Step 3: Activate the Mode for Cleaning the Sensors
Find the option to clean the sensor by consulting the instruction booklet that came with your camera. Putting this option into action will disable the mirror, exposing the sensor so that it may be cleaned.
Step 4: Conduct an Examination of the Sensor
Utilize a sensor loupe or a source of strong light to examine the sensor in order to identify any apparent dust or dirt. Make a mental note of any obvious messes that need to be cleaned.
The fifth step is dry cleaning.
To remove any loose dust particles from the sensor surface, use a blower bulb to blow air onto the surface of the sensor gently. Take care not to contact the sensor with the blower, and avoid using too much power when you do so.
Wet Cleaning (If Necessary) is Step 6 in this Process.
Proceed with the procedure of wet cleaning that was explained before in the event that dry cleaning does not remove all of the stains. Utilize the proper cleaning solution in conjunction with the sensor cleaning swabs.
Reattach the Lens as the Seventh Step
After you have finished the cleaning procedure, reattach the lens to your camera in a cautious manner. Verify that the alignment is correct, and then secure it by turning it in a clockwise direction until it clicks into place.
Suggestions for the Avoidance of Sensor Dust
In addition to doing routine sensor cleaning, the following are some other things you can do to reduce the amount of dust that accumulates on the sensor of your DSLR:
- Always keep your lenses and camera body covered with caps while they are not in use to prevent dust from accumulating on them and causing damage. Caps can be purchased separately for both the lens and the camera body.
- Changing Lenses in Dusty Environments Should Be Avoided If at all feasible, you should avoid changing lenses in situations that are dusty or windy. Find somewhere that is tidy and out of the wind to change your lenses.
- Leave the Time Spent with the Camera Sensor Exposed to a Minimum When switching lenses; you should leave the camera sensor exposed for the smallest amount of time feasible to minimize the risk of dust getting into the camera.
- Maintain a Tidy Appearance in Your Camera Bag: It is important to clean your camera bag on a regular basis in order to eliminate any dust or dirt that can end up on your equipment.
- Ensure That Your Equipment Is Properly Stored: When you are not using your camera and lenses, ensure that they are kept in a spotless and dust-free environment by using a camera bag or a dry cabinet.
It is essential to regularly clean the sensor on your DSLR camera in order to preserve the image quality and achieve optimum performance. You can maintain the cleanliness of your photographic equipment and keep it free from unsightly smudges and blemishes if you take the necessary preventative steps and follow the recommended cleaning procedures. Always remember to treat your equipment with care, and if you need any particular instructions, consult the handbook that came with your camera.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The old part of Ptuj
The old part of Ptuj
Coat of arms of Ptuj
Coat of arms
Ptuj is located in Slovenia
Location of the city of Ptuj in Slovenia
Coordinates: 46°25′10″N 15°52′10″E / 46.41944°N 15.86944°E / 46.41944; 15.86944Coordinates: 46°25′10″N 15°52′10″E / 46.41944°N 15.86944°E / 46.41944; 15.86944
Country Slovenia
Traditional region Styria
Statistical region Drava
Municipality Ptuj
 - Mayor Štefan Čelan (LDS)
 - Total 25.6 km2 (9.9 sq mi)
Population (2013)
 - Total 17,972
 - Density 701/km2 (1,820/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+01)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+02)
Website Official site
Ptuj (pronounced [ˈptuːi̯] ( ); German: Pettau; Latin: Poetovium) is a town in northeastern Slovenia. Traditionally the area was part of the Styria region.
Ouroboros in a wall of the castle of Ptuj
Ptuj is the oldest city in Slovenia. There is evidence that the area was settled in the Stone Age. In the Late Iron Age it was settled by Celts.[2] By the 1st century BC, the settlement was controlled by Ancient Rome. In 69 AD, Vespasian was elected Roman Emperor by the Danubian legions in Ptuj, and the first written mention of the city of Ptuj is from the same year. The city of Poetovio was the base-camp of Legio XIII Gemina in Pannonia. The name originated in the times of Emperor Trajan, who granted the settlement city status and named it Colonia Ulpia Traiana Poetovio in 103. The city had 40,000 inhabitants until it was plundered by the Huns in 450.[2]
In 570 the city was occupied by Eurasian Avars and Slavic tribes.[2] Ptuj became part of the Frankish Empire[2] after the fall of Avar state at the end of 8th century. Between 840 and 874 it belonged to the Slavic Balaton Principality of Pribina and Kocelj. Between 874 and 890 Ptuj gradually came under the influence of the Archbishopric of Salzburg;[2] city rights passed in 1376 began an economic upswing for the settlement. As Pettau, it was incorporated into the Duchy of Styria in 1555.[2]
Ptuj as seen from the castle
Pettau was a battleground during the Ottoman wars in Europe and suffered from fires in 1684, 1705, 1710, and 1744.[2] Its population and importance began to decline in the 19th century, however, after the completion of the Vienna-Trieste route of the Austrian Southern Railway, as the line went through Marburg (Maribor) instead.
According to the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, 86% of the population of Pettau's Old Town was German-speaking, while the population of the surrounding villages predominantly spoke Slovene. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, Pettau was included in the short-lived Republic of German Austria, but after the military intervention of the Slovenian general Rudolf Maister, the entire territory of Lower Styria was included into the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Yugoslavia). During the interwar period, the number and the percentage of those identifying as Germans in the city, which was renamed Ptuj, decreased rapidly, although a relatively strong ethnic German minority remained.
After the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Ptuj was occupied by Nazi Germany. From 1941 to 1944 the town's Slovenian population was dispossessed and deported. Their homes were taken over by German speakers from South Tyrol and the Gottschee County, who had themselves been evicted according to an agreement between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. These German immigrants, along with the native German Pettauer, were expelled to Austria in 1945; many later settled in North America.
Since 1945 Ptuj has been populated almost completely by Slovenians.
Neighborhood Population
Center 3681
Breg–Turnišče 3743
Ljudski Vrt 5903
Jezero 1581
Panorama 2072
Rogoznica 3867
Grajena 2390
Spuhlja 872
Ptuj Town Hall
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint George and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It is a three-naved Gothic building from the 13th and early 14th century, but the structure incorporates parts of a much earlier structure, dating to the mid-9th century.[3]
The Kurent or Korant Carnival[edit]
Kurenti in Ptuj
Ptuj is the center place of a ten-day-long carnival in the spring, an ancient Slavic pagan rite of spring and fertility, called Kurentovanje or Korantovanje. Kurent is believed to be the name of an ancient god of hedonism - the Slavic counterpart of the Greek Priapos, although there are no written records.
Kurenti or Koranti (singular: Kurent or Korant) are figures dressed in sheep skin who go about the town wearing masks, a long red tongue, cow bells, and multi-colored ribbons on the head. The Kurenti from Ptuj and the adjoining villages also wear feathers, while those from the Haloze and Lancova vas wear horns. Organized in groups, Kurents go through town, from house to house, making noise with their bells and wooden sticks, to symbolically scare off evil spirits and the winter.
The nearest airports are Ptuj Sport Airfield (Moškanjci), which is seven kilometers (4.3 miles) away, and Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport, which is eighteen kilometers (11 miles) away.
International relations[edit]
Twin towns — sister cities[edit]
Ptuj is twinned with:
 1. ^ "Ptuj, Ptuj". Place Names. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
 2. ^ a b c d e f g "The History of Ptuj". Accessed November 8, 2006.
 3. ^ Slovenian Ministry of Culture register of national heritage reference number ešd 582
External links[edit]


text:
The theory of species was originally conceived by Andre Joyal and is used to analyze combinatorial structures in terms of their generating functions. In my talk on Friday I showed how the theory of species can be developed from a functional programming perspective with a view towards using them to analyze datatypes. I am diverging a bit from the classical definitions in defining a generalisation of species which matches with a specialisation of the notion of a container.
A generalized species is given by a family, the idea is that is the set of structures which have positions. E.g. consider the species of leaf-labelled binary trees : is the set of the two binary trees, which have leafs (insert picture here). Given a species we assign a functor by. The definition corresponds to the generating function, but this is a function on the reals not on sets (see my recent posting on sets and numbers). Note that is just where we identify a natural number with the set of numbers smaller than it (usually called Fin in dependently typed programming).
Category question: If species are the objects, what are the morphisms? Let's define a category. Given species, a morphism is given by a triple [math](f,g,h)[/math]:
Calculating the numbers of positions.
Calculating the new shape.
Assigning source positions to target positions.
I leave it as an exercise to define identity and composition of those morphisms.
The definition of morphisms hopefully becomes clear when we give their interpretation as natural transformations, i.e. to every species morphism we assign a natural transformation :
Operations on species: Given species :
- Coproducts are easy:
- Products are a bit more involved:
- Composition is also interesting:
Given a species we can construct its initial algebra.
to be continued


text:
Chromosome 21 is the smallest human chromosome, the long arm
of which comprises 34 MB of DNA sequence. The completion of its nucleotide
sequence revealed 225 genes. It is associated with a number of human pathologies such as Down syndrome, as well as several monogenic
and complex genetic disorders.
Here we present a comprehensive cSNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within cDNA sequences)
database and map which was generated using a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches (see methods),
using the complete DNA sequence and the large amount of ESTs present in the public databases.
The cSNPs will undoubtedly become important tools in genetic
epidemiology studies for the dissection of complex disorders.


Recommended Viewing
Documentary Films
Jewish American Soldiers: Stories from WWII, 2017, 56 minutes
Jewish American Soldiers: Stories from WWII is a documentary focusing on the life stories of Jewish American World War II veterans. The film explores their unique experiences of being Jewish soldiers during a time of extreme Anti-Semitism both abroad, and in America.
GI Jews: Jewish Americans in World War II, 2018, 86 minutes
Tells the story of the 550,000 Jewish Americans who fought in World War II. In their own words, veterans both famous and unknown bring their war experiences to life: how they fought for their nation and their people, struggled with anti-Semitism within their ranks, and emerged transformed.
Jewish Soldiers in Blue and Gray, 2011, 86 minutes
Explores the little known history of the Civil War Jews who fought on both sides of the battlefield—7,000 for the Union and 3,000 for the Confederacy.
Ritchie Boys, 2004, 90 minutes
Young Jewish German immigrants trained at Camp Ritchie, Maryland for a unique brand of warfare against World War II.
From Philadelphia to the Front, 2005, 37 minutes
This film focuses on six Philadelphia veterans in their 80's, and their individual experiences during the war and a bittersweet reunion they share in their old age.
About Face: The Story of the Jewish Refugee Soldiers of World War II, 2015,
The film tells the stories of young Jewish men who escaped certain danger at the hands of the Nazis and returned to fight them in Europe and North Africa.
Berga: Soldiers of Another War, 2003, 85 minutes
Reveals the story of 350 American prisoners of war caught in the tragedy of the Holocaust.
Hitler's Hat, 2003, 47 minutes
On April 29, 1945, Jewish American GI Richard Marowitz and his I&R unit of the 42nd Rainbow Division take part in the liberation of Dachau. The next day, they sweep through Munich, and in one particular apartment, Rich finds Adolph Hitler's ceremonial top hat, stomps on it, and brings it home as war souvenir, where it stays buried in the magic trick closet in his Albany, NY basement for the next 50 years.
YouTube and around the Web


Bark at Me
Pet Expert Q&A
By Donna Chicone
The 4th of July is a fun holiday to celebrate. However, many dogs do not enjoy the loud noises that accompany fireworks. Dogs can startle and run away. July 4 is the day the most dogs are identified as lost. Some dogs will escape the noise by hiding under beds or a space that feels safe. They may tremble in fear and anxiousness. Thunderstorms any time of year can also be distressing for dogs.
 Pet Parent Question
"My dog physically shakes and hides under the chair when he hears any loud noise. What can I do to help him?"
Answer: Many dogs react to loud noises. Close the windows and doors and play soothing music, or watch TV to mask the noise outside. Give your dog a food toy with treats to occupy him. You can purchase a Thundershirt, in most pet stores, that swaddles your dog.
T-Touch is a form of touch and stroking that can be of comfort. If necessary, contact your veterinarian for help and possible medication. Acknowledging that this is a real issue for your dog and doing what you can to help him is the most important thing.
Bathing and grooming our dogs can be costly, but it is important for their overall health. Dogs need their ears cleaned and nails trimmed regularly. If a dog does not shed, it means he has hair (not fur), and if the hair is not washed and brushed it will matt and cause discomfort. If a dog sheds, regular grooming with designated products can help reduce shedding.
Bathing a dog outside with cold water from the hose is not a good idea. Use warm water and only shampoo products designed for dogs.
Pet Parent Question:
"I know my dog needs a bath, but how often should I bathe him?"
Answer: You can determine how often to groom your dog with input from your groomer and your pocketbook. Every 4 to 6 weeks is a good starting frequency.
Most dogs do not like to be bathed. Try to make it a fun experience for your dog. Be sure to rinse thoroughly so soap does not build up on the skin and cause itchiness. Dogs can air-dry in warmer weather. Those with hair should be dried with a doggie dryer so their hair does not mat.
Reward your dog with a fun treat for being a good dog during his bath. A clean dog often means a happy pet parent.
Woofs & Smiles!
Donna Chicone is an award-winning author, TEDx speaker and advocate for dogs. She is a former nurse, family and addictions counselor, 23-year corporate America professional, and host of Jazz and Jive's TV Show. She is a devoted pet parent to her two Portuguese water dogs, Jazz and Jive, and is an advocate for the humane treatment of animals. She lives in Minnesota with her husband. When she is not writing or speaking about dogs, she's engaged in pet assisted therapy work and K9 Nosework with Jazz and Jive.


text:
A SOFTWARE TOOL FOR ADVANCED RELIABILITY AND SAFETY ANALYSIS
A knowledge based approach has been presented for the safety and reliability analysis of complex systems allowing to identify critical events and event sequences and to model the causes of these events or sequences in fault trees. It has been shown that, in addition to topological information about the system to be modelled, it is necessary also to consider process related information. The elicitation of this process related information is performed by a computer assisted qualitative analysis, making use of knowledge bases containing system/unit knowledge and an event driven reasoning process. The construction of fault trees is then performed by using generic component knowledge (in the form of rules in first order logic and frames), together with process specific knowledge (in the form of rules in zero order logic) into a goal driven reasoning process. The approach will be implemented into an intelligent software tool (STARS: Software Tool for Advanced Reliability and Safety) in which windowing, menus and graphics will be used to obtain an advanced user-interface, and in which analysis capabilities are included.
Bibliographic Reference: 8TH SYMPOSIUM OF THE SOCIETY OF RELIABILITY ENGINEERS, HELSINGOR/DK, OCT. 5-7, 1987, AVAILABILITY: CEC-LUXEMBOURG, DG XIII/A2, BP 1907, MENTIONING PAPER ORA 33642 E
Availability: Can be ordered online
Record Number: 1989126065800 / Last updated on: 1989-05-01
Available languages: en


text:
INDUSTRY, TEXAS. Industry, on State Highway 159 in northwest Austin County, was the first permanent German settlement in Texas. Its first residents were Johann Friedrich Ernst and his family, who had come from Germany, briefly resided in New York, and en route to Missouri learned about free land available in Texas. The Mexican government granted Ernst a league of land on April 16, 1831, and Charles Fordtran, who had accompanied the family to Texas, received a quarter of it as payment for surveying the entire tract. Ernst established his home on the eastern part of his league near the main road from San Felipe to Bastrop. "Ernst's Place" established a reputation as a resting place for immigrants and travelers. Ernst planted fruit trees and began to grow crops, including tobacco, which he made into cigars and sold in San Felipe, Houston, and Galveston. Early residents were described as very industrious, and the cigar industry is purported to be the source for the name of the town. In December 1837 the Republic of Texas authorized a post office. In 1838 Ernst laid out lots on his land for the town of Industry and advertised them for sale. Between 1846 and 1850 Ernst F. G. Knolle and his brother Frederick purchased 3,000 acres of the John F. Pettus league, adjacent to and southeast of the Ernst league. By the time Friedrich Ernst died in 1848, Industry was experiencing modest growth. By the 1850s cotton was the area's major crop. In 1857 Knolle, aided by Andreas Buenger, built the town's first cotton gin, and by the 1890s twelve gins were in operation in the vicinity. Germans, Czechs, and African Americans steadily settled the Industry area from the 1850s until the 1890s, although growth slowed briefly during the Civil War. Between the late 1920s and the 1960s the population declined. Farming and cotton production were the major sources of income in the Industry area until the 1950s. After that, ranching dominated the economy. In 1985 churches, clubs, and civic organizations remained active. The town had a school, a post office, a bank, a public park, twenty-seven businesses, and a population of 600. A substantial number of residents commuted to jobs outside the town. In 1990 the population was 475.
Rudolph L. Biesele, The History of the German Settlements in Texas, 1831–1861 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones, 1930; rpt. 1964). Terry G. Jordan, German Seed in Texas Soil: Immigrant Farmers in Nineteenth-Century Texas (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1966). Ann and James Lindemann, eds., Historical Accounts of Industry, Texas (New Ulm, Texas, 1986).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.James and Ann Lindemann, "INDUSTRY, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 23, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


Smelling aid
From The Infosphere, the Futurama Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Smelling aid
Smelling aid.png
InventorProfessor Farnsworth
Owner(s)Professor Farnsworth
First appearanceBender's Game
The smelling aid was invented by Professor Farnsworth. It helps him to smell things better. It is stuck into the nose and has two little satellite dishes turning around and bleeping all the time. He used it to find the anti-backwards crystal by sniffing for the odour it produces when a device is activated. It essentially is a portable version of the Smell-O-Scope.
Additional Info[edit]
See also[edit]


text:
ITS Strategies for Commercial Vehicles at Grade Crossings
This project, part of a larger R&D initiative launched by Transport Canada under Direction 2006, deals with the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) strategies at public grade crossings involving commercial vehicles as defined by the National Safety Code (i.e., vehicles over 4,500 kg). This report describes possible ITS solutions for both the rail and the road modes of transport in the context of at-grade crossings, and outlines a set of design principles and requirements for the deployment of ITS solutions at highway-railway crossings. Human factors and its role in this issue are also discussed at length.
- Record URL:
Montreal, Quebec Canada H3B 2X1
- Tardif, LP
- Publication Date: 2004
- Media Type: Print
- Pagination: 89 p.
- TRT Terms: Intelligent transportation systems; Railroad grade crossings; Research reports; Trucks
- Geographic Terms: Canada
- Subject Areas: Motor Carriers; Operations and Traffic Management; Planning and Forecasting; Railroads; I72: Traffic and Transport Planning; I73: Traffic Control;
- Accession Number: 01046994
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: Transportation Association of Canada (TAC)
- Files: TAC
- Created Date: Mar 26 2007 10:56AM


text:
YUMA, Ariz. - It is one of the world's largest desalination plants, big enough to provide water to 500,000 people. But since 1993, the Yuma Desalting Plant has stood idle at the edge of this quiet agricultural community.
Now, for the first time in 14 years, the $250 million reverse-osmosis facility is back in operation for a three-month test run. And that is prompting a key question: How would this affect the Cienega de Santa Clara, a wetland 30 miles south in Mexico? What could have flared into a bitter dispute between environmentalists intent on saving the cienega and water managers searching for a new supply has turned into an cooperative venture. Both sides hope to set an example for avoiding conflict and learning to share an increasingly scarce supply of Colorado River water.
"In this little region of California, Arizona, Mexico, we're all confronted with the same issues," said Sid Wilson, general manager of the Central Arizona Project, a water district that serves 1.5 million users. "How do you deal with growing demands for water by people, declining natural supply and trying to sustain environmental values?"
The Yuma Desalting Plant, he said, "provides the key as to how we might better manage resources at the end of the system."
The Cienega de Santa Clara is a 15,000-acre cattail marsh that is a prime habitat for endangered species and waterfowl, the largest such place in the Sonoran Desert. It was created inadvertently three decades ago by runoff from southern Arizona farms that was sent to Mexico, and has survived largely because until now, no one has decided to run the desalination plant.
Today, "it's a super important stop on the Pacific Flyway," a major route for migratory birds, said Osvel Hinojosa, a wildlife ecologist with Mexico's largest environmental group, Pronatura. For Hinojosa and other conservationists intent on preserving the cienega, its existence offers proof of nature's resilience and hope that other parts of the Colorado River Delta can be brought back to life.
The flow to the cienega began in the mid-1970s with the construction of a drainage canal to divert the agricultural runoff before it got into the Colorado River. During the 1960s, Mexican farmers had complained that when the untreated runoff made its way into the Colorado, it raised the salinity level of their river water and harmed their crops.
But the canal was only meant to be a temporary measure until a desalination facility could be built to treat the water in the United States. The Yuma Desalting Plant was completed in 1992, but for years, high water levels on the Colorado River made the plant's operation - which costs about $30 million a year - unnecessary. With drought and growing populations, Arizona water districts began pressing to start the plant up again.
Conservationists feared operating the desalting plant would cut off the cienega's main lifeline and braced for a battle to keep the water flowing.
"You mentioned the Yuma Desalting Plant and the environmental community saw the imminent doom for the Cienega de Santa Clara," said Jennifer Pitt, a research analyst with Environmental Defense. "There was no dialogue happening; it was just a push-button issue."
Until a few years ago, Wilson of the Central Arizona Project cared little about the wetland. "My view was the cienega isn't natural," he said. "But when you go down there, you recognize that artificial or not, it has some real environmental value."
Wilson also saw some practical reasons for engaging with conservationists: avoiding a fight over the water.
Seeing the potential for conflict, Wilson formed a group to discuss the options for the cienega and the desalting plant. Participants included the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which owns and operates the facility, the Arizona Department of Water Resources and the city of Yuma, as well as U.S. environmental groups that have studied the delta, including Environmental Defense, the Tucson-based Sonoran Institute and the Oakland-based Pacific Institute.
In April 2005, they came up possible alternatives that included treating poor-quality Yuma groundwater at the plant and allowing the agricultural runoff to continue flowing to the cienega. The report also included a proposal for a voluntary program in which farmers are paid not to grow crops.
The group "is a model for how we should resolve border environmental and water disputes," said participant Peter Culp, an attorney for the Sonoran Institute.
As the Bureau of Reclamation's area manager, Jim Cherry oversees the desalination plant and also participated in discussions.
"This is something we've found common ground on," Cherry said. "It's good to be working cooperatively with these groups, because historically, we've sat down at the table and argued."
The potential for conflict can be seen just west of Yuma on the California border, where a plan to stop cross-border seepage by lining a portion of the All-American Canal has led to litigation and a standoff between the U.S. and Mexican governments.
In Arizona, the Bureau of Reclamation has made no final decisions on the plant's operation. Staff members are studying options and are hoping to gather information by operating the plant at 10 percent capacity for a three-month period that ends in June.
"We're concerned about the environmental impacts associated with operating the plant," Robert Johnson, the bureau's commissioner, said during a visit to the plant Tuesday. "We don't have an obligation to do this, but if we can avoid the impact on that environmental resource, no matter where it is, we want to take that into consideration."
The bureau is also following the results of a separate scientific study of how the plant's partial operation will affect the cienega, hoping to understand how sensitive it is to a reduction in the flow of the Arizona agricultural water. The Central Arizona Project is funding the $80,000 study, conducted by the University of Arizona and two Mexican groups, Pronatura and the Center for Investigation in Nutrition and Development.
Karl Flessa, a conservation biologist at the University of Arizona, is encouraged by the interest in the study's outcome. "It's an acknowledgment that how we manage water on this side affects environmental quality on the other side of the border. It's a recognition that it's all one river."


udt4twisted An UDT4 integration package for twisted. ========= Summary ========= This package provides integration of udt as a transport protocol in twisted. It works by replacing the default epoll reactor with a modified one. Also, it provides top-level api(taken mostly from tcp.py) for listening and connecting to udt transports. ======= Usage ======= #) Basically use it like you will use TCP in twisted, but all sockets will be in SOCK_DGRAM mode only. Also :code:'write()' has ttl and inorder options. #) Check examples/ #) When using twistd or trial, put: -r udtepoll =============== Prerequisites =============== #) PyUDT #) twisted ======= Notes ======= #) Tests from twisted pass only in internet/ and protocol/, for the others they just seem to "hang" (something to do with flags, probably) #) More options related purely to udt should be included.(e.g. controlling socket creation, buffers, timeouts) #) UDT does not provide separate error events, instead these will be catched on an attempt read or write. This means that connectionLost will NOT be called as soon as the connection is lost for example. #) It is highly recommended to use the latest revision at the udt-git repo _URL_ (if it doesn't break compatibility with PyUDT). _URL_ Martin N. Gergov 903a65e94b782205b368d626e48ef1c4155dbd33 0.2.5


Home Tips & More Best Ways To Taste Dab
Best Ways To Taste Dab
Top Ways To Taste Dab. Dab bottle.
Best Ways To Taste Dab
Top Ways To Taste Dab. Dab bottle.
Best Ways To Taste Dab
If you don't know about the dabbing process, when you finish reading this article, you will be more informed. One of the ideal things that many recreational users have come to find out is best ways to taste dab. It has a sensational taste, but may not be for everyone. Dab is a tiny dose of marijuana concentrate and dabbing is the process to which dab is made. The process involves putting a dose of marijuana concentrate on a heated dab nail, after which you would inhale it to reach that high. The dab nail looks like a water pipe attachment.
Tiny Rig
If you wanted to reach a certain flavor during your session of inhaling the dab, it is best to choose a dab rig that has a tiny chamber and joint size. Generally, the dab rig should be as small as possible to improve the flavor. It traps the flavor and saves it or you would say, it preserves the dab taste. It also regulates the air flow. This helps the user to have a longer inhale in one breath. It is suggested taht you use an oil right that has minimum diffusion since it maximizes the competence and minimizes the compression of the oil inside the dab rig. When the joints are smaller, they also provide sustained and smoother inhalation in comparison to the chugging that the user might experience as a large dab rig is cleared.
Adding the Quartz Insert or Quartz Nail
Your dab nail is crucial to the dabbing procedure, allowing for one of the best ways to taste dab. The process heats up the dab nail with the use of a coil or torch. The torch material is usually made of quartz, titanium or ceramic. Each of these materials has their own advantages and disadvantages. It is recommended that you use quartz since it improves the flavor. It could be either a quartz insert or quartz nail. What is most important is that you use a surface that is quartz.
The Temperature
Your temperature when you are dabbing should be low and consistent. This is true if you are seeking the maximum flavor each time you carry out the dabbing process. It would be better to ue an electric nail instead of a torch, if you want to manage and maintain the desired flavor. When you use the e-nail or electric nail, it also heats the surface where the dabbing process takes place, but you are able to manage its temperature in a specific manner; thereby allowing you to perfect the desired temperature. Set your temperature between 550-650°Fahrenheit. That is where the sweet spot seems to be.
Refined Concentrate
Your next step to taste dab that is of the highest quality would be to use refined concentrate. If you are going to ingest concentrate from solvent, then you should make sure that the oil has no contaminate, residue from the solvent or plant matter. It would be better to use live resin instead. Extracts without the use of solvent tend to give an enhanced flavor because it preserves the terpenes. The reason could be the fact that it consists of heads of isolated glandular trichome, which have a lot of terpenes in them.
Final Thoughts
One of the ideal ways to taste dab without the high presence of THC would be to dab CBD. This is an effective way as it relates to dab consumption. If you are not privy to cannabis concentrate for your dabbing process, you can make it for yourself using rosin. This can be done safely from your home. You should give this a try soon!
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As far as I've seen, this expression is almost always used in relation to gene expression profiling. Unfortunately, I have no background in this area. Can someone please explain this in layman terms?
Although each cell of your body essentially contains the same DNA and the same genes, cells in different tissues express (turn on) different genes under different conditions. Measuring differential gene expression involves looking at the amount of expression for a gene (or set of genes) in two contrasting scenarios. The contrast could be across different times, different tissues, different conditions, different related species, etc.
When, you say a gene is "differentially expressed", this is very context-specific. The phrase means nothing by itself, and it is only useful in terms of the applicable contrast. For example, the statement "gene A is differentially expressed" is uninformative, while the statement "gene A is differentially expressed in liver and muscle tissue" is descriptive--it tells you that liver tissues and muscle tissues have a significantly different level of gene A products. Often the terms "up-regulated" and "down-regulated" are also used to provide additional detail. In the context of the previous example, the statement "gene A is up-regulated in muscle tissues" tells you that the level of gene A products is higher in muscle tissues than in liver tissues.


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Automatic Inputting And Output Hydraulic Die Cutting Machine
|Range between the working tables||60—170mm|
|Size of the upper pressing board|
|Size of the pressing board|
Suitable for forming die cutter cutting all kinds of paper, paper
money, uppers, soles, leather, plastic, cloth, leather bags, toys,
hats, spongy floss pieces, floor materials, soft film and various
needs with knife mold cutting out.
- This machine adopts the computer control system, the touchscreen
display screen, the operation is simple, quick and accurate.
- Double oil cylinder, four-column automatic balance connecting rod
structure, ensure that each cutting position is the same.
- It can automatically control the feeding device with single side or
double side, which can increase the production efficiency of the
whole machine by two to three times.
- When the cutting plate is under pressure, the cutting is automatic,
so that the upper and lower parts of the cutting board have no size
- Special setting structure, with cutting knife and cutting height,
make the adjustment simple and accurate.
- The automatic lubrication system ensures the precision of the
machine and the machine durability.


Researchers from Purdue University are on the cusp on creating a new type of mobile technology that not only coverts non-potable water into drinking water, but also extracts hydrogen to generate electricity. The technology revolves around an aluminium alloy that the team believes could bring both water and power to poor villages around the world.
Purdue University, jerry woodall, drinking water, portable drinking technology, aluminium alloy, hydrogen gas, hydrogen power, drinking water
Leading the team is Jerry Woodall, a Purdue University distinguished professor of electrical and computer engineering. Speaking to Science Daily, he stated that by immersing the new alloy (which contains aluminum, gallium, indium and tin) into water, you can create a spontaneous reaction that splits the water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. The hydrogen can then be used to fuel power cells, while clean drinking water is produced in the form of steam.
"The steam would kill any bacteria contained in the water, and then it would condense to purified water," Woodall said. "So, you are converting undrinkable water to drinking water."
The technology even works with saltwater, which means it could be utilised on boats and marine vessels around the world to providing drinking water to sailors. A prototype has yet to be created and a patent is pending, but Woodall believes the portable technology could transform villages that aren't connected to a power grid.
"There is a big need for this sort of technology in places lacking connectivity to a power grid and where potable water is in short supply," he said. "Because aluminum is a low-cost, non-hazardous metal that is the third-most abundant metal on Earth, this technology promises to enable a global-scale potable water and power technology, especially for off-grid and remote locations."
It would be cheap too, as water could be produced for about $1 per gallon, while electricity could be generated for about 35 cents per kilowatt hour of energy. "There is no other technology to compare it against, economically, but it's obvious that 34 cents per kilowatt hour is cheap compared to building a power plant and installing power lines, especially in remote areas," Woodall said. "You could drop the alloy, a small reaction vessel and a fuel cell into a remote area via parachute. Then the reactor could be assembled along with the fuel cell. The polluted water or the seawater would be added to the reactor and the reaction converts the aluminum and water into aluminum hydroxide, heat and hydrogen gas on demand."
Simple! And as aluminum hydroxide waste is non-toxic it can be disposed of in a landfill.
+ Purdue University
Via Science Daily


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I supervise graduation theses on subjects related either to some of the specific courses I teach in the undergraduate or graduate program, or to the broader field "Sociology of the Arts and Mass Communication".
In any case, the suggested subject / topic / theme must concern the relation between the arts and the mass communication phenomena, the cultural (or creative) industries, the production or the consumption of culture seen in a sociological perspective.
- The thesis may be:
- Theoretical or empirical research, or a combination of both.
- Presentation and critical analysis of a given approach (theoretical or methodological), or of a given work included in the specified fields.
- Critical analysis and presentation of empirical research, related to the acceptable subjects.
- Literature review of a given issue/topic/subject.
- Empirical research (mainly, but not exclusively for graduate students).
- The successful examination on at least one of the elected courses on the broader field "Sociology of the Arts and Mass Communication" with a minimum grade of eight out of ten or - alternatively - an average at least of seven in more than one courses of the field (for undergraduate students).
- The submission - after consultation and discussion - of a written proposal presenting briefly (up to 500 words):
a) The subject of the thesis
b) The main research questions related to the thesis
c) Any thoughts and/or suggestions about the research method(s)
d) Any previous experience on the subject or relevant projects
e) A rough schedule of the project (it does not need to be detailed and accurate)
The exact title is specified in consultation with the supervisor. It is possible to submit more than one alternative proposals. Consultations and preliminary discussions are carried out regardless of the formal deadlines defined by the Secretariat and the Study Guide.


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Embracing Diveristy through Cultural Education
The African American Heritage Museum Of Southern New Jersey brings to life the African American experience of the 20th Century as it documents the struggle of one group of Americans to carve their own place in the wider cultural landscape.
With a permanent home in the heart of Southern New Jersey, and a
traveling museum with access to over 3,000 historical and cultural artifacts, the museum offers a unique opportunity to open a window to the mindset of successive generations of African Americans and provides an understanding to its cultural evolution.
Bridging the Gaps in Our Collective American Experience
The African American Heritage Museum boasts an impressive collection of items, including graphics, drawings, paintings, advertisements, household and decorative items, all depicting blacks in a historical context.
In a decade-by-decade account, from Aunt Jemima to Tiger Woods, the museum provides a visual and visceral understanding of how the African American culture has evolved and changed, each item providing the proverbial "thousand words."
"...committed to bringing its
resources directly to the community."


Frequency to Voltage Converter
In these applications, a pulse input at Fin is differentiated by a C-R network and the negative-going edge at pin 6 causes the input comparator to trigger the timer circuit. Just as with a V-to-F converter, the average current flowing out of pin 1 is Iaverage = i x (1.1 R1C1) x f. In this simple circuit, this current is filtered in the network RL = 100 k ohm and 1mF. The ripple will be less than 10 mV peak, but the response will be slow, with a 0.1 second time constant, and settling of 0.7 second to 0.1%.
Click para ampliar
Frequency to Voltage Converter - Circuitos de Electronica


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LP-600A Automatic Modified Atmosphere Packaging Machine
use: Suitable for packaging cold fresh meat, cooked stewed food, box lunch, bread and pastry, etc. The modified atmosphere packaged food can better maintain the original taste, color, shape and nutrition of the food, and at the same time, combined with its own food technology, it can achieve a longer shelf life. This machine is suitable for box packaging of all kinds of foods. It continuously and automatically completes vacuuming, filling with mixed fresh-keeping gas (usually a mixed gas of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen), sealing packaging, cutting, and discharging of packaged products (assembly line: connectable Metal detection, weighing, labeling system) characteristic: 1. This machine adopts the Omron PLC control program, and the programmable logic controller (PLC) cooperates with the touch screen to realize the man-machine interface dialogue. Each part of the action and control parameters can be set and modified by the PLC. Using Panasonic servo drive to control the operation action, the operation is accurate and the performance is stable. 2. The whole machine is made of SUS304 food grade stainless steel material and acid-proof aluminum alloy, and the surface of the equipment is easy to clean; it meets the national food hygiene selection equipment standard. 3. Parameters such as sealing pressure, temperature and time can be precisely controlled (0.01 second) to ensure that the sealing of products with different packaging materials achieves the desired effect. 4. The shape of the mold can be customized according to the packaging box style selected by the customer. 5. The maximum width of the roll film: 750mm, the maximum diameter of the roll film: 280mm
LP-103 Automatic Quantitative Weighing Packaging Machine
use: It is suitable for quantitative weighing of various granular, strip, block and irregular shaped materials, such as washing and cutting processed fruits and vegetables, puffed food, beans, cereals, quick-frozen food, pet food, various snack foods, etc. characteristic: 1. The perfect combination of high precision and high speed, the best combination is instantaneously optimized from a wealth of weight combinations through computer calculations. 2. Using high-precision digital weighing sensor for accurate measurement, Chinese/English/Korean/Western and other languages LCD display operating systems are available for selection. 3. It has super-strong fault self-diagnosis ability, thus effectively reducing the mechanical failure rate. 4. Equipped with a powerful help menu, allowing you to operate more easily. 5. Powerful automatic data statistics function, record the total weight, total number of packages, qualification rate and other indicators of each batch of production. 6. With the function of counting grains, it can fulfill your needs in more aspects.
LP-102 Double Chamber Vacuum Packaging Machine
use: It is suitable for vacuum packaging of various food materials to prevent oxidation, discoloration, and mildew of the product, and moisture-proof to achieve the purpose of extending the storage period of the product. characteristic: 1. The appearance design of the machine is reasonable and beautiful. 2. Adopt high-quality vacuum pump system, the number of vacuum pumps can be configured up to 3, with better performance and higher efficiency. 3. The selection of electrical components is standardized, and the safety, reliability and durability of the product are guaranteed. 4. The use of materials for the vacuum chamber body meets food-grade hygiene requirements, and exceeds the standard thickness and strength requirements, ensuring the requirements for frequent use of the equipment. 5. The enlarged and deepened trough can be specially customized to facilitate the packaging of large materials.
LP-450 Semi-Automatic Modified Atmosphere Packaging Machine
use: Suitable for packaging fresh meat, fruits, vegetables (clean vegetables), box lunches, breads, etc. Modified atmosphere packaged foods better maintain the original taste, color, shape and nutrition of the food, and at the same time, combined with its own food technology, it can achieve a longer shelf life. characteristic: 1. According to the different packaging materials, the vacuum pump can be used to replace the goods and the vacuum generator can be used to vacuum and inflate the product to keep fresh packaging; 2. Non-standard customized equipment can be made according to the actual packaging shape and output requirements; 3. The packaging mold can be customized according to different needs, made of aluminum alloy material, which meets the requirements of food hygiene. 4. The maximum width of the roll film: 420mm, the maximum diameter of the roll film: 380mm.


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Creating a Distributed Wireless Monitoring System for Aircraft Noise
"During the hardware evaluation process, we decided to use NI products because of their high measurement quality, ruggedness, and reliability compared to lower cost sound-level meters."
- Luis Fernández,
National Polytechnic Institute
Developing an autonomous, distributed wireless monitoring system to measure aircraft noise levels and stream the data back for analysis at a control center.
Using NI LabVIEW software, the NI Sound and Vibration Toolkit, and an NI USB-9234 dynamic signal acquisition module (DSA) to acquire and analyze reliable, high-quality data from various aircraft.
Noise levels from heavy automobile and aircraft traffic during morning and evening rush hours in Mexico City could potentially cause hearing loss. The Committee of Aerial Transport has proposed a new aircraft classification system in which the aircraft operator would pay a fee based on noise production, not weight or aircraft type. As a result, we put together a novel computational model that not only measures noise production, but also identifies an aircraft based on the noise it generates.
Each node in our wireless monitoring system contains a half-inch prepolarized microphone, a data acquisition card that measures noise level, an industrial computer, and a wireless Internet connection using Wi-Fi or 3G. Each microphone is in a weatherproof case mounted 4 meters above the ground. The node measures noise levels every 30 seconds and streams the data back to the control center every 5 minutes.
Figure 1. Distributed Wireless Monitoring System Diagram
Identifying an aircraft based on the noise spectrum characteristics it generates is complicated in the real world because background noise, the weather, takeoff speed, and the aircraft's load can interfere with analysis. Recently, measurement equipment that uses neural networks to identify noise has appeared on the market, but it can only distinguish between jet aircrafts, propeller aircrafts, helicopters, and background noise. We decided to create a computational model to measure and interpret noise. Using only the noise created during the 24 seconds after takeoff, our system can correctly identify the aircraft.
Using a wireless topology reduces costs and provides flexibility in setting up a monitoring system. Each monitoring node is based on a headless industrial PC running Windows XP with a Wi-Fi adapter and an NI USB-9234. During the hardware evaluation process, we decided to use NI products because of their high measurement quality, ruggedness, and reliability compared to lower cost sound-level meters.
Even though each node is connected to the city's electrical system, we use an uninterruptible power supply to prevent data loss. The node measures noise levels every 30 seconds and the system can collect data locally for up to 14 days. The government plans to use our data to identify the times and locations in Mexico City with the highest noise level, create noise maps, and implement regulatory actions to control the noise and promote a healthier environment for its citizens.
Our system can record traditional metrics used for road traffic noise, such as continuous equivalent sound level (Leq), and it can also record fractional octave analysis and measure prominent tones. In addition, the system can transfer WAV files to a central server to study transient signals that may trigger alarms, which helps identify isolated sound sources that interfere with accurate measurements.
Figure 2. Noise Patterns From Two Weeks in the City Square México City.
We originally planned to use the public Wi-Fi that the government installed in 2008, but some nodes had to be converted to a slower 3G system provided by a wireless carrier. Although we can use speech and data services simultaneously on the 3G network, it has significantly slower data transfer rates.
Communicating via TCP/IP
Our control center has a static IP address. Each node has a dynamic address assigned by a DHCP server. To simplify, the control center is similar to a server, and the nodes are similar to a client. The nodes attempt to open a TCP connection, and if the control center receives this connection request and the node's validation key, it accepts the connection.
Figure 3. Control Center Central Server Interface
Figure 4. Signal Analysis of Audio That Exceeds Thresholds
Figure 5. Noise Level, Time, and Date, and Amplitude Measured in dBA
Figure 6. 3D Noise Map Displaying Noise Level, Time, Date, and Amplitude
Below is the system block diagram we created for pattern generation and recognition. We considered takeoff noise a nonstationary transient signal because it starts and ends at a zero level and has a finite duration. As Figure 8 shows, most of the signal's energy is below 2 kHz. In this case, we notice the background noise more strongly at the ends of the signal because the aircraft-generated noise masks it in the middle portion.
Figure 7. System Block Diagram for Pttern Generation and Recognition
Figure 8. Typical Noise Signal and Spectrum of a Boeng 747 Taking Off
For all aircraft noise, we observed the typical form of the amplitude spectrum from 0 to 5,000 Hz. We chose to use a sampling frequency of 11,025 Hz in order to reduce the number of samples taken in 24 seconds to 264,600 samples. In other aircraft noise analyses, the recommended sampling frequency is 25 kS/s and D-, C- and A-weighting filters.
Reducing Spectral Resolution
We decided to reduce the spectral resolution because the amplitude spectrum has 132,300 harmonics, which would result in very complex processing. In addition, we were only interested in gathering data about the spectral form.
We present the following hypotheses:
- Any method to reduce spectral resolution introduces a tolerance in the initial and final times within the measurement interval of aircraft noise. For example, a feedforward neural network is trained with one noise pattern, which was acquired from zero seconds from the aircraft takeoff until 24 seconds later. In run time, if the aircraft takeoff noise is acquired from 5 seconds until 24 seconds, this 5 second time displacement will have little effect on the spectral form if its spectral resolution has been reduced.
- A median filter (moving average filter) creates a typical form of the aircraft's takeoff noise spectrums.
- The decimation of average spectrum, with a rate X, conserves the spectral form of an aircraft's takeoff noises.
Our 10-node system successfully measures the noise produced during takeoff by airplanes at the International Airport of Mexico. The system makes many different types of spectral analyses and obtains the most-used statistical indicators for noise measurement, expressed in dB(A) or dB(C). We can store the data collected by our system and later come back to perform more in-depth analysis. We can determine potential health risks from this noise, and gain an idea of how noise levels fluctuate throughout the day.
In the future, we would like to measure the differences of the yield when applying this technique after segmenting the original signal. We also plan to test new parameters to create the neural network.
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text:
Pump. This interactivity allows you to observe the
operation of the sodium/potassium pump and its role in maintaining the
balance of sodium and potassium inside and outside the neuron. (straight
To be able to function, the brain have a way of changing differences in
stimulation or thoughts into different patterns of firing in the brain.
This is called neural coding. This interactivity introduces a few
basic types of neural coding. (straight


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Introduction Developer's Guide General Remarks
The Design of Sketch
Sketch is written almost completely in Python, an object oriented interpreted programming language. Python can easily be extended by modules written in C to increase performance and Sketch uses this fact to implement some time critical functions and Python objects in C.
The source code of Sketch can be divided roughly into these parts:
User Interface
Sketch currently uses the Tk Toolkit via the Tkinter module from the standard Python library. Sketch only uses some generic widgets like buttons, menus and scrollbars and none of the more sophisticated widgets like Tk's Text or Canvas widgets. The main widget where the drawing is displayed is a Tk widget that is almost entirely implemented in Python using a C-module that provides GCs, Pixmaps, Fonts etc as Python objects (This module is heavily based on the Xt module).
Sketch also has some classes that provide a more abstract interface to generic GUI elements like buttons and menus that hopefully make it relatively simple to switch to another toolkit. In fact I already switched toolkits once, from Xt/Athena to Tk, which was simpler than I had expected...
Graphics Devices
Sketch defines several classes for drawing into a window or into a PostScript file that share a common, generic interface. This allows us to use the same code for drawing on the screen and for printing.
Documentand Graphics Objects
These objects represent entire documents and the parts thereof in an abstract way. This representation is independent of any particular output device or operating system.
File IO
Sketch has classes and functions for reading drawings in several formats (well, just three as of this writing). Sketch of course defines its own special format and can read and write this. In addition, there is currently partial support for reading XFig files and Adobe Illustrator (AI) files. Many common drawing programs for MS Windows can export drawings in Illustrator format. Two examples of this file format can also be found in ghostscript's examples directory as and (Sketch can read these).
For reading bitmap graphics Sketch uses the Python Imaging Library so that it should be able to read everything that this library can read.
There are some modules that provide objects representing 2D points/vectors, rectangles, affine transformations, fonts and font-metrics, etc.
Sketch uses a variation of the model/view/controller concept. The document and graphics object classes form the model which represents the drawing in a device independent way and which can be manipulated through a specific set of methods. The class SketchCanvas serves both as the main view and controller. It manages a window graphics device that is used to display that drawing and it accepts user input in the form of mouse and keyboard events and translates them into method invocations on the document object.
Introduction Developer's Guide General Remarks
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