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Pine nut oil is a natural substance that is popular for its varied benefits for humans. Read and know more about this natural oil.
What is Pine Nut Oil?
It is a kind of pressed vegetable oil. It is extracted from the kernels or seeds (commonly known as pine nuts) of various species of pines. It is extracted only from the edible seeds of pine. It is also known as Pine Seed Oil or Cedar Nut Oil. This oil is distinguished from other curative oils because of the wide range of benefits it has to offer.
There are various species of pine nuts like the European variety (also known as Pignoli) and the American variety (also known as pifiions). The quality of the oil extracted from pine seeds depend on the species of the pine nut it is made from. It is highly believed that the Siberian pine nut oil is superior in quality than other varieties of this oil.
Pine Nut Oil History
This oil has been used by people for many centuries to cure and heal illnesses and also to cook food.
During Great Lent, before the revolution of 1917, it was the main oil used for cooking in Russian homes. At that time, ten percent of the total hard currency of this country was based on the trade of this oil. The trade of this oil was mainly done with France. In France, this oil has been traditionally used for cooking.
Pine Nut Oil Composition
This oil is rich in various vitamins and fatty acids. It contains:
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Significant quantity of fat-dissolving vitamins E and F
- Phosphatidic phosphorous
It also contains the following vitally important micro-elements:
There is up to 5% nitrogenous substances in the contents of this oil. 90% of these nitrogenous substances are amino acids and 70% are indispensable acids. This fact testifies to the high physiological value of the pine nut oil.
Pine Nut Oil – Triglyceride composition
The triglyceride composition of pine nut oil is as follows:
- Linoleic acid: 49.0% ± 2.3
- Oleic acid: 23.8% ± 2.1
- Pinolenic acid: 17.1% ± 2.0
- Palmitic acid: 6.3% ± 2.2
- Stearic acid: 2.5% ± 0.1
Pine Nut Oil Properties
- This oil is biologically active. Due to this, it is used in body massages and cosmetic facials.
- It has high curative properties.
- It has a very low smoke point.
- There is a high concentration of radical scavengers in this natural substance.
Pine Nut Oil Benefits
A wide range of benefits can be derived from this oil. The oil is used for the treatment of various sicknesses. Its usefulness is varied in range. This oil is rich in proteins, vitamins and fatty acids. Pine nut oil is a widely used natural medicine. It is used in the field of medicines, cooking, cosmetology and many more. The principal benefits of using this oil are mentioned below:
- Pine nuts are rich in amino acids. As a result, the pine nut oil is a great source of nutrition.
- This oil can also help in weight loss.
- This oil is a great source for vitamins B1, B2, B3 and E. Also there are zinc, magnesium, copper manganese etc. All these vitamins and minerals are excellent for health.
- The amino acids in this oil are highly beneficial to the development of a growing organ. This is the reason why pine nut oil is very healthy in the diet of teenagers, children and pregnant women.
- It is rich in Pinolenic Acid, which is a very powerful anti-inflammatory substance.
- It normalizes the lipid spectrum of blood. In this way, the pine nut oil helps to fight high blood pressure.
- The Department of Agricultural Chemistry at the College of Life & Environmental Sciences at Korea University has proved that pine nut oil can lower the cholesterol level in human body.
- This oil also has natural healing abilities. Pine nut oil is very efficient in healing peptic ulcer and gastritis.
- The oil works to alleviate various other digestive problems and stomach disorders.
- It is also believed to have the ability to increase mental energy and clarity.
Uses of Pine Nut Oil in Diet
Pine nut oil can help in fighting obesity. Scientists have proved that pine nuts can work as an appetite suppressant and curb the desire to eat. As a result it stops people from taking the extra food that causes obesity. Once it was proved, the scientists started to think of using pine nuts as dietary supplement. Pine nut oil was extracted so that it could be easily used for the purpose. Later, pine nut capsules were created so that using pine nut oil in a diet became easier. People can swallow the capsule without having to taste the material.
Pine Nut Oil in the Kitchen
The oil also has wide range of uses in the kitchen. It is a frequently used ingredient and there are various delicious recipes of pine nut oil. But it is not used in cooking like other nut oils. This is because it has a very low smoke point. In other words, it burns and starts to smoke at a very low temperature. This makes pine nut oil unfit to be used in cooking over a high temperature. So, pine nut oil is principally used as a "finishing" ingredient to add flavor to the food.
Pine nut oil can be a very effective preservative for bread. A small amount of the oil needs to be added to the dough.
Pine Nut Oil Side Effects
- The oil is very concentrated in nature. As a result it can cause skin irritation in case of sensitive skin. So, it is always advisable to dilute the substance before applying it to your skin.
- The pine nut oil may cause allergy in people who have allergies to other nuts (peanuts etc). The Department of Alergologia e Inmunologia Clinica at the Clinical University of Navarra, Spain has proved that people who are allergic to nuts have a tendency to have an allergy in pine nut oil.
- It smokes and burns at a very low temperature as it has a very low smoke point. Because of this property, it cannot be used in cooking at high temperatures.
- Pine nut oil causes a lack of appetite in people who ingest it. This may result in low amount of food intake and hence may cause health problems.
Buy Pine Nut Oil
If you are interested to buy and use pine nut oil, there are many stores where you can get this product. It is available for online shoppers too. There are many companies selling quality pine nut oil online.
Pine nut oil is a substance having endless natural qualities. It has a long history of being used for diverse reasons by generations past. It can also be said that pine nut oil will be successfully used by generations to come.


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I love holidays, and chemistry and I really like to find connections between the two. There is magic (or chemistry) in your Thanksgiving meal preparation. Let's look at how a materials testing firm like NSL Analytical Services provides a safer Thanksgiving experience for so many Americans.
The turkey enjoys star billing in most thanksgiving feasts. Recently, a new method became popular for making moist, tender turkeys: Brining. Brining involves soaking the turkey in a cold salty solution for prolonged period prior to baking. The chemical process that makes this bath so successfully tasty is called osmosis.
How do you know when your turkey is safely, and thoroughly cooked? Behold the itty bitty plastic popup timer that comes in most Turkeys from your supermarkets today. These little devices consist of a pop up stick with a spring. The spring is held in place with a small piece of metal solder. As the turkey cooks the solder melts. Melting point is reached when the turkey's interior temperature and the popup solder are heated to 185 degrees Fahrenheit. As a result, the pop up stick is released, and bakers everywhere can check and see the turkey's interior is thoroughly cooked to a safe edible temperature.
And how do you know that your pop up timer is likely to work? Before manufacturing, even this simple design needed to be tested for material components, proper consistent melting temperature, and the least amount of solder that will still deliver those results.
And with that perfectly cooked turkey, many homes prepare a popular side dish of mashed potatoes. But Diane Bunce asked in a video produced by the American Chemical Society, "Why do people eat mashed potatoes?" "Why does the flavor of mashed potatoes change as we chew our food?"
The glucose molecules are attached by an alpha linkage. A series of enzymes in humans break down alpha linkages and release the glucose molecules that our bodies use. That breakdown starts with amylase enzyme in saliva. Amylase breaks the carbohydrate down into Maltose, and ultimately, from Maltose, into glucose.
Had too much to eat?
Thanksgiving is a great holiday for foodies, but it also is prime time for antacid sales. Antacids go through material testing procedures too. The measures of efficacy are tested by combining a single dose of the antacid with a determined quantity of acid. The time for reaction is observed, measured and noted. The chemical mixture is then tested for chemical composition, as is the gas that is released from the chemical reaction. Ahh. Feel better?
And then the Dinnerware
Fine china for some makes the thanksgiving meal more festive, but others prefer disposable plates to cut down on clean up time so they can either visit with family or sneak out to start Christmas shopping early.
Fine china rarely contains lead. The only ways to test the dinnerware for this is with an XRF instrument or to pulverize the dishes. The pulverized dishes are then immersed in acid or incinerated. The resulting material is analyzed to determine the total lead content. Because the surface area of a dish is the part that is in contact with the food, the XRF is a better determinant of the dish level of lead. The majority of lead may be found in a dish's deteriorating painted surface regardless of whether rest of the dish is lead free, and the pulverizing method may return results of negligible lead content.
If paper plates are your Thanksgiving feast preference, then the important question is really, how leakproof and strong will a loaded plate remain. After all, you want to eat your Thanksgiving meal, not wear it. But there are other considerations as well. Recently, a chemical known as PFAS(per/poly fluoroalkyl substances) was found on some disposable dinnerware in the water and grease resistance coating. PFAS chemicals are linked with health issues such as obesity, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, learning and growth impairment in children, increased cholesterol levels, increased cancer risk, immunity reduction and more. And did we mention VOCS? The EPA has determined Volatile organic compounds found on paper plates can contribute to headaches, damage to your liver, kidney and central nervous system. VOCS can harm the lungs, blood flow and more. The good news is that CEH.org provides a list of the safest disposable dinnerware brands to use.
Before disposable dinnerware is produced, conscientious manufacturers can have a materials testing firm such as NSL Analytical Services, conduct product testing to determine the safety and viability of the dinnerware, make any corrections before mass producing, and stock the stores full of safe, reliable convenient plates for your feast, or like some this year, your Thanksgiving picnic. If you have products to be tested, visit _URL_ for available tests and quotes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Argument from silence
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Cogito ergo sum
Logic and rhetoric
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General logic
Bad logic
Not to be confused with Absence of evidence.
An argument from silence is an informal fallacy that occurs when someone interprets someone's or something's silence as anything other than silence, typically claiming that the silence was in fact communicating agreement or disagreement.
The fallacy is an argument from ignorance and an informal fallacy.
 - argumentum ex silentio
 - silence implies consent
Neither of two people involved in an example of this fallacy may extrapolate anything more from the silence of the silent person than it being just that, a choice of remaining silent in that particular situation. The "vocal" person may thus not argue that the silence of the silent person "allowed" for any number of things on which the other person remained silent, but conversely, the silent person may not argue that their act of remaining silent "disallowed" any number of things on which they were being silent (which would essentially amount to the Nuremberg defense).
Keeping in mind that there is no non-choicemaking, including even the choice of whether to remain silent or not, it differs from situations where silence is inferred but not consciously provided by an unaware person (i.e., if someone remains quiet "in reply" to a question they didn't hear).
The same applies, for instance, if you were to ask a person (who only speaks a language you don't understand) a question in a language they in turn don't understand. While the person is not unaware of your presence, and clearly infers that you are trying to communicate with them, their reaction (and thus "reply") cannot be treated as equal to the reply given from a person who actually understood what you were trying to say (and was able to provide an answer that you could understand), rather than — correctly — treating it as the reply of a person who only understood that you were trying to say something.
If there's evidence that someone would have said something (e.g., if they hadn't gotten cut off by the end of the news broadcast), then their attempt to break their silence is clearly something other than pure silence.
Active silence[edit]
If some group or person actively chooses to present no response to an ongoing issue (i.e., ordering that they should not criticize something going on) then it may be seen as tacit support of said issue.
For example, Putin's Russia has done little to stop right-wing extremist "Cossacks" from vigilantism and harassment targeted at gays, immigrants, and liberals (who almost always oppose Putin's rule). This lack of punishment allows this violence to flourish.[1]
Pleading the Fifth[edit]
See the main article on this topic: Fifth Amendment
The fallacy differs from situations where silence is encouraged or discouraged, such as utilizing one's right to remain silent (although it should be noted that one has to expressly state that they are invoking said right[2]), or being threatened or coercedWikipedia into silence, just as statements forced out of people at gunpoint aren't assumed to necessarily represent their own views or opinions. This fallacy pertains to anyone, regardless if they are describing their own silence or the silence of someone else, trying to make that silence out to have been, in that situation, something other than silence.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


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Pauline Nyiramasuhuk, who was the Rwandan government's minister of family and women's affairs during the 1994 ethnic war, was found guilty by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda of charges of direct, public incitement to commit genocide and of rape as part of a widespread and systematic attack against a civilian population on political, ethnic and racial grounds.
She is the first woman convicted of genocide by the tribunal.
Also convicted is Nyiramasuhuk's son, Arsene Shalom Ntahobali. Ntahobali was a militia leader during the genocide. He was charged with crimes against humanity, which included rape and war crimes. Both Ntahobali and his mother have been sentenced to life in prison.
The court alleged that the mother and son helped to organize the massacres in the Butare region of Rwanda. They were both implicit in the abduction of hundreds of Tutsis who would eventually be executed. Both have been in the court's custody since 2001.
Many were physically assaulted, raped and taken away to various places in Butare, where they were killed. During the course of these repeated attacks on vulnerable civilians, both Nyiramasuhuko and Ntahobali ordered killings. They also ordered rapes. Ntahobali further committed rapes and Nyiramasuhuko aided and abetted rapes, said the judgment read out by presiding Judge William Sekule.
Along with Nyiramasuhuk, four other local government officials were indicted of genocide. They will serve between 25 years to life in prison.
The 1994 genocide in Rwanda saw a 100-day government-led ethnic cleansing offensive against the Tutsi people. Around 800,000 people were killed.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was specially established by the United Nations in November, 1994.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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MySQL Training & Certification (Administrator)
MySQL Administrator is a powerful visual administration console that enables a user to easily administer the MySQL environment and gain significant visibility into how relational databases operate. MySQL Administrator now integrates database management and maintenance into a single, seamless environment, complete with a clear and intuitive graphical user interface.
Our systematic and planned MySQL Administrator training with real time exposure provides students the required knowledge to handle a complex data base environment.
The MySQL Administrator training course is designed to explain the MySQL administrator tasks, such as configuring and monitoring the MySQL Data base server, managing user connections and configuring backups and the restore process. It also teaches a number of other administrative tasks.
Prior Knowledge of students
The students must be familiar and comfortable with the basic SQL queries and understanding of the RDBMS concept.
MySQL Administrator Course Coverage :
- Introduction and installation of MySQL
Features of MySQL, Downloading MySQL, Installing MySQL on WINDOWS and LINUX environment
- MySQL configuration
Runtime MySQL configuration, loading time zone tables, Security related configuration,Upgrading MySQL
- Storage engines
The MyISAM, The MERGE, The InnoDB, The MEMORY, The FEDERATED
- Table Maintenance
Table maintenance operations, SQL statements for table maintenance, Client and utility programs, Repairing InnoDB tables, Enabling MyISAM Auto-Repair
- MySQL database administration
Introduction, User administration, User accounts
- Server Logs
Logging, Activating binary update logging, Error log, General query log, Slow query log
- Optimising performance
Optimising performance, Performance tuning, setting system variable, Commands for Optimisation
- Backup and Recovery
Backup Project, Schedule, Recovery, Restore, the General Tab, Restore Content
Related Open Source Training Courses:


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The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O'Higgins at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula is a dual purpose facility for earth observation and has existed for more than 20 years. It serves as a satellite ground station for payload data downlink and telecommanding of remote sensing satellites as well as a geodetic observatory for global reference systems and global change. Both applications use the same 9 m diameter radio antenna. Major outcomes of this usage are summarised in this paper.
The satellite ground station O'Higgins (OHG) is part of the global ground station network of the German Remote Sensing Data Centre (DFD) operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). It was established in 1991 to provide remote sensing data downlink support within the missions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2. These missions provided valuable insights into the changes of the Antarctic ice shield. Especially after the failure of the on-board data recorder, OHG became an essential downlink station for ERS-2 real-time data transmission. Since 2010, OHG is manned during the entire year, specifically to support the TanDEM-X mission. OHG is a main dump station for payload data, monitoring and telecommanding of the German TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites.
For space geodesy and astrometry the radio antenna O'Higgins significantly improves coverage over the southern hemisphere and plays an essential role within the global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network. In particular the determination of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and the sky coverage of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) benefit from the location at a high southern latitude. Further, the resolution of VLBI images of active galactic nuclei (AGN), cosmic radio sources defining the ICRF, improves significantly when O'Higgins is included in the network. The various geodetic instrumentation and the long time series at O'Higgins allow a reliable determination of crustal motions. VLBI station velocities, continuous GNSS measurements and campaign-wise absolute gravity measurements consistently document a vertical rate of about 5 mm/a. This crustal uplift is interpreted as an elastic rebound due to ice loss as a consequence of the ice shelf disintegration in the Prince Gustav Channel in the late 1990s.
The outstanding location on the Antarctic continent and its year-around operation make GARS O'Higgins in future increasingly attractive for polar orbiting satellite missions and a vitally important station for the global VLBI network. Future plans call for the development of an observatory for environmentally relevant research. That means that the portfolio of the station will be expanded including the expansion of the infrastructure and the construction and operation of new scientific instruments suitable for long-term measurements and satellite ground truthing.


KARATAY DIET >Karatay: Insulin resistance reason behind uncontrolled weight gain
ISTANBUL - Hürriyet Daily News
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 According to Dr. Canan Karatay, the reason behind uncontrolled weight gain is insulin resistance, which is a direct result of the constant circulation of leptin and insulin in the bloodstream. The constant circulation of these hormones is in turn due to frequent eating, which is advised by a majority of diets for weight loss.
 "Every time we eat our blood sugar level rises, and this triggers the rise of insulin in the blood. As long as we have the habit of eating frequently, we will maintain high insulin levels. Insulin works to store excess blood sugar as triglycerides (fat), and a constant high level of insulin in the blood means constant storage of fat in the liver. Therefore, it is highly improbable that we will lose weight as long as we continue to eat frequently. This is the reason why those following a diet that recommends frequent eating quickly gain back the weight they lose after they quit the diet," Karatay says in her book.
 Karatay advises consuming low glycemic index (GI) foods at long intervals. The glycemic index is calculated according to the amount of carbohydrates a food contains. High carbohydrate foods push up insulin levels, while low carbohydrate foods do not. In short, a "low GI" food is a low-carbohydrate food. While high sugar levels in the blood cause the release of insulin, low blood-sugar levels cause the release of leptin. This hormone works to convert triglycerides into blood sugar to provide immediate fuel for the body, or in other words it helps to burn body fat. The Karatay diet recommends low-carbohydrate foods such as proteins to keep leptin levels high.
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Meteor is a skill located in the Mages Guild (which can be found in the Guild skill tree). Meteor is an ultimate. Meteor is a base skill, and can be morphed into Ice Comet
or Shooting Star
Meteor deals the following types of damage: Flame Damage. Which means that it gets buffed by the following blue champion point trees: Elemental Expert, Elf Born, Master at Arms, Spell Erosion, Thaumaturge. Also the following red champion point trees protect against this skill: Elemental Defender, Iron Clad, Thick Skinned.


by email
in reader
The restitution laws of the Bible are much superior to the penalties for theft today. If the thief is penalized at all, the payment goes to the state. The man robbed gets nothing, but has to pay taxes year after year to put the thief up in prison (there are no prisons in Scripture). If the thief cannot make the required restitution, he is sold into slavery to raise the necessary money. The provisions of the sabbath year [Deut. 15:12] and Jubilee [Lev. 25:39-55], which freed Hebrew slaves, would not apply to the thief, for obvious reasons: This would be arbitrary justice, and would give the thief an incentive to steal as the years of release approached. Such a man forfeits his right to the consideration given other Hebrews who wind up in slavery. Jesus says that the man sold to pay for his theft will not come out of the prisonhouse of slavery until he has paid it all (Matt. 5:26; and cf. Matt. 18:23ff.). The slave contract for the thief would be for as many years as were needed to pay his debt.
- James Jordan, The Law of the Covenant 136 (1984), at _URL_ HTML, DjVu.


Question: Can Dogs Tell If You'Re Scared?
What happens when dogs smell fear?
Indeed, it has been shown that dogs experience an increased heart-rate and show signs of stress when they sniff the sweat of fearful humans.
So, it seems fairly clear that dogs can smell fear..
Do dogs smell different when scared?
These sacs are full of specialized sweat glands that produce an unpleasant smelling secretion that acts as a scent marker for your dog. … Dogs also "express" their anal sacs when they are scared, which is perfectly normal, if a bit odorous. Anal gland secretions have a distinct smell that many people describe as fishy.
How do I tell my dog I love him?
Can dogs get turned on by humans?
"(But even) when people hug one another or dance, the dog will get excited, so when people are flouncing around, it might easily arouse a dog," because dogs just like being a part of things, Houpt said. Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist Dr. … "Cats could care less, but dogs are impossible. The dog has to be gone."
Do dogs need anals expressed?
Dogs normally express (empty) a small amount of anal gland secretion when they defecate. Some dogs will also express their anal glands when they are nervous or excited. Some dogs have a problem expressing their anal glands normally and need to have them expressed for them.
Why does my dogs VAG smell like fish?
Your female dog has normal bacterial flora that live in the vagina but a foul odor that smells like fish (or worse) could be a sign of a medical condition. … The uterus of the female dog can also get infected causing a white-yellowish discharge to exude from the vagina. An infection of the uterus is called pyometra.
Can animals sense fear in humans?
The ability to either sense fear or project fear plays a large part in the predator/prey relationship. … The "other animals" are not the only ones who can and do sense fear. Humans do it, as well. Granted, our level of fear-sensing is not as acute as most other vertebrates.
Can dogs smell period blood?
Can dogs sense when your sad?
Why do dogs lick you?
Does my dog know how much I love him?
Why do dogs smell people's privates?
Do dogs cry tears?
It's easy to assume that the dog is crying, but those tears are actually caused by something other than emotions. … Like humans, dogs have tear ducts to help keep their eyes functioning properly. However, a dog's tear ducts drain the liquid back towards the throat and nose area instead of spilling out.
Can dogs smell anxiety?
Dogs also sense fear and anxiety via their noses. When we are stressed or scared, we secrete the fight-or-flight hormone, adrenaline, which dogs detect even though we can't smell it.


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July 6, 2011 24 Comments
It was common in Husserl's era to encounter not only the skeptical relativism as espoused by the empircists, but also their concomitant nominalism. Husserl viewed nominalism as equally destructive to the project of pure logic as a foundation of the sciences, as he did the skepticism he so vehemently railed against. This is due to the fact that in order for science to operate coherently, it must have a pure, a priori foundation based upon ideal entities. In other words, logic itself, as grounding scientific discourse, must be grounded theoretically in an a prioristic theory of meanings and universals. The purpose of this paper is to present and defend Husserl's arguments for universals and his critique of nominalism—which appear just as relevant today as did his critique of skeptical relativism.
Nominalism is the theory, arising in the Late Middle Ages, which opposed the ancient/traditional view that universals had some kind of "real" existence (whether mental or ontological). Nominalists posited instead that universals were merely names, arguing that only specific, individual things existed.1 Nominalism as an epistemic theory would achieve the upper hand following upon the Enlightenment and its philosophic notables Locke, Berkeley and Hume. By Husserl's day (the early 20th century), nominalism was still the predominate view and, in Husserl's estimation, called for a definitive refutation.


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As a native Marylander, I've had many discussions with friends about whether we can call it a Southern state. You could say it's in "Dixie," which (according to one historical interpretation from this Civil War fact book) means south of the Mason-Dixon Line. One could also argue that because it fought for the North in the Civil War, Maryland should be considered a Northern state. However, we can't forget that Maryland was a slave state that was chock full of Southern sympathizers during the war.
For evidence, just look up the official state song that remains on the books. You might be surprised (or perhaps offended) at the lyrics. According to this NPR story, a group of active fourth-graders were certainly offended when Linda Tuck, a school library "media specialist," led their study and discussion of the song. Here are some of the lines seen as offensive:
"The despot's heel is on thy shore, Maryland!"
"Huzza! She spurns the Northern scum!"
By the way, that "despot" refers to the revered Abraham Lincoln. James Ryder Randall wrote the poem in 1861, after riots in Baltimore led to the deaths of a few civilians, according to Dissonance by David Detzer.
Tuck took a vote and found that the school children wanted to see the lyrics changed. They then wrote letters to state delegates, and now a bill is in the works. Delegate Pamela Beidle, who introduced the bill, wants to use a different poem written in 1894 for the lyrics of the song.
According to a local news article, the bill does have its critics, who say that the song's a reminder of a part of Maryland's history that is too often forgotten. Others would simply rather leave it up to voters.


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Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a bone tumor of unknown cellular origin that affects children and young adults.
The protein CD99 is highly expressed in most cases of EWS, but its function in the disease is unknown. Now, Katia Scotlandi and colleagues, at SSN Emilia Romagna Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli IRCCS, Bologna, Italy, have identified a crucial role for CD99 in the development of EWS and suggest that targeting CD99 or its downstream molecular pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for EWS.
In the study, decreasing CD99 expression in human EWS cell lines reduced their ability to form tumors xenografted into mice. In vitro, it increased expression of H-neurofilament, a marker of neuronal differentiation. Consistent with this, an inverse correlation between CD99 expression and H-neurofilament expression, neural differentiation, and oncogenic transformation was observed in patient-derived EWS cells.
The authors therefore conclude that CD99 prevents neural differentiation and suggest that blocking it might provide a new approach to treating EWS.
Explore further: Now we know why old scizophrenia medicine works on antibiotics-resistant bacteria
More information: CD99 inhibits neural differentiation of human Ewing sarcoma cells and thereby contributes to oncogenesis. View this article at: _URL_


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No accidents, No harm to people, No damage to the environment
These are MACCHI goals in all its operations and activities.
To reach HSSE targets, MACCHI is daily committed to:
- manage its activities in compliance with International Standards (i.e. UNI EN ISO 9001 – OHSAS 18001 – UNI EN ISO 14001);
- share and promote its principles and goals among its employees, shareholders, suppliers, …;
- assure that responsibilities and operating procedures are clearly defined, communicated and understood;
- support and promote technologies aiming to the excellence;
- use its resources responsibly achieving sustainable growth;
- asses work injuries risks and occupational diseases in order to eliminate and/or minimise them;
- check continuously the environmental impact of its activities in order to avoid possible negative effects.


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This fun activity pack will help keep your children busy this summer!
The pack includes the following activities:
1. Invent a friend for Maji the Elephant and write a story featuring them together.
2. Crack Sam's secret code and invent your own special code.
3. Invent a new type of ice cream animal for the Night Zoo.
4. Draw a magical place that you'd like to visit.
Plus much more!
Join our online summer camp!
If your child doesn't already have a Night Zookeeper account, then you can sign up for our summer camp using the appropriate link below:


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Consider a large population of families with three children each. If the genders of children in any family are independent of one another, the number of male children in any family will have a binomial distribution based on three trials. Suppose a random sample of 160 families yields the following results. test significance level 0.05
# of children 0 1 2 3
Frequency 14 66 64 16
The solution provides step by step method for the calculation of chi square test statistic for goodness of fit for binomial distribution. Formula for the calculation and Interpretations of the results are also included.


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August 18, 2020
Uncategorized No Comments
The Gig Economy
What is a Gig Economy?
The Gig Economy is the new trending global economy. It is the underground economy that is now becoming the dominant economy, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gigs are the new temporary jobs that suit the anti-nine-to-five work preference.
Check out an excerpt from a Fortunly article, written in 2020, which discusses the Gig Economy and it's evolution since the 1980s.
The gig economy is taking over the world, and the United States is no exception. An increasing number of American businesses and workers are opting for the gig model, primarily because of more flexible working conditions. Younger generations are leading the way, although there's a significant number of gig workers who were born well before the 1980s.
There are many factors influencing the growth of the gig economy. Companies are turning to freelancers to do jobs that are not directly related to their industry (such as marketing, design or content creation) in a cost-effective way.
A growing number of online platforms offer excellent earning opportunities, and with a decreasing need for physical presence in the workplace, it's easier than ever to work for multiple employers simultaneously.
Still, being a gig economy worker comes at a price. Gig workers enjoy a flexible lifestyle and the freedom of being their own boss, but many sacrifice their financial security and income predictability.
According to one study, the freelance economy is growing three times faster than the traditional workforce in the United States. What was once considered a fringe employment model has now become mainstream…
This is a link to the article for your reference:


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Picture books have been recognized as an effective aid for language education because they contain beautiful illustrations, rich language, and authentic culture. Reading these Chinese picture books not only help immerse children in a Chinese language environment, but also help them understand the Chinese culture.
Our children's books are designed to provide both
teachers and parents with authentic Chinese language and culture materials to help children learn the language and culture in a kid-friendly way. There are two categories of our bilingual books: culture books and language books.


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|FUGUE 1: Birds||3:11|
|FUGUE 2: Insects and paper airplanes (scherzo)||3:41|
|FUGUE 3: Stars||5:08|
|FUGUE 4: Langley (scherzo)||1:30|
|FUGUE 5: Swings||1:58|
|FUGUE 6: Daedalus and Icarus
String Quartet No. 2: Flight conflates two definitions of the word fugue: the musical composition and the idea of flight itself. Each of the six movements uses fugal procedures; each also focuses on a specific aspect of flying.
flight \ n 1: an act of passing through the air by the use of wings 2: an unrestrained exercise or display of imagination
fugue \ n [fr. Latin: fuga flight] a polyphonic composition in which one or two subjects are imitated by successively entering voices in a continuously interweaving contrapuntal texture
FUGUE 1: Birds
Although many compositions throughout the ages have imitated bird song, the flight of birds has seldom been captured in music. To launch themselves into the air, birds use their leg muscles in conjunction with flapping their wings. On each downstroke, the tips of the wings twist forward while the rest of the wing remains level. Once airborne, most birds alternate the flapping of their wings with soaring, or riding the prevailing air currents.
Creating a musical equivalent to bird flight required a novel approach to fugue-writing. The subject, rather than being played by a single instrument, is a gesture that results from the blending of all four instruments. As the subject passes through different key centers, "countersubjects" are added in the form of solo figures stated by individual instruments.
The natural kinship between a wing and a bow arm finds expression in the coda, in which each instrument relaxes into a gentle swaying motion between two double-stops.
FUGUE 2: Insects and paper airplanes (scherzo)
The darting, buzzing flight of insects is the subject of this scherzo, which is marked "Very fast and a little obnoxious." By contrast, the trio section is a whimsical enactment of paper airplane flight: lazy, chaotic, and ultimately doomed. The insects return with renewed fervor, only to be summarily dispatched by the cellist.
FUGUE 4: Langley (scherzo)
In 1903, the US Army gave Samuel Pierpont Langley an enormous sum of money to build a steam-powered aerodrome. Huge crowds of onlookers and reporters gathered at the launching site: a tall scaffolding mounted on a houseboat. The engine gradually built up tremendous power, creating an increasingly deafening sound — before the aerodrome dropped off its perch and fell straight down into the Potomac River.
A few days later, the Wright brothers made their first successful flight on the North Carolina coast — and nobody noticed.
After a hundred years have gone by, it's comforting to know that the mismanagement of government funds and the obtuseness of the media are not inventions of our own time.
FUGUE 5: Swings
The fifth fugue, an evocation of playground swingsets, is a tribute to flights of fancy, especially the peacefully unselfconscious dreams of children. It segues directly into the sixth and final movement.
FUGUE 6: Daedalus and Icarus
The quartet concludes in a double-fugue with contrasting subjects: first Daedalus, the creative muse of flight, followed by Icarus, the ambitious, aggressive manipulator of flight. The movement culminates in a coda inspired by Orville Wright's tragically uncomprehending words after the first aircraft had been perfected: "This is an invention which will make further wars practically impossible!"
ORDER STRING QUARTET NO. 2: FLIGHT:


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How and where was the Reigate cache discovered?
Left: The Reigate doublet in a purpose made mount and a replica now displayed at J. Stoneman and Sons showroom
The Reigate cache of two concealed objects was discovered in 1990, in a shop in Reigate. The funeral directors and monumental stonemasons, J.Stoneman and Sons own the shop. The shop was undergoing a re-fit at the time the cache was found concealed: a doublet and an inkwell.
The cache was located above the ingle-nook fireplace behind the main beam, between the ground floor and first floor. The fireplace is a common location for concealed objects to be found. When found the doublet was crumpled and dirty; it was first thought to be a sack, but recognised as a garment because of the buttons.
What reaction did the discovery of the cache provoke?
The owner luckily recognised that the doublet and inkwell may be of some significance and took them to curator Kay Staniland of the Museum of London for identification. The Textile Conservation Centre was contacted by the Museum of London for advice. Conservator Dinah Eastop examined the doublet and later took the doublet on as a student research project. The interest in the doublet was primarily founded on the fact that it appeared to be an item of working class dress, of which there are very few surviving examples. In the area above the ingle-nook fireplace the doublet would have been protected from some of the environmental conditions that cause textiles to decay; the area would have been dark and dry and the surrounding stone and wood, would have buffered temperature changes.
Susan Stanton undertook the research project at The Textile Conservation Centre from _PHONE_. Examination of the materials and construction of the doublet confirmed the preliminary dating to the early 17th century. Research into the age of the building in which the doublet was found supports this conclusion. Despite the doublet's crumpled, dirty and degraded state, careful research was able to identify that it was made of three layers of linen; an outer, an interlining and a lining, all of a brown/grey colour.
Where is the cache kept now?
The doublet and the inkwell are currently displayed in the J.Stoneman and Sons shop in Reigate where they were discovered. When deciding how she would approach the treatment of the doublet it was important for Susan Stanton to consider how and where it would be displayed, and how the object's history and context could be represented. To preserve the fragile doublet and support it in the best possible way, some of the dust and dirt was carefully removed and it was placed in a custom-made, fully supportive mount. It was not unfolded and placed on a mannequin, although this may have made it easier to recognise the doublet's original shape and construction, because it was too delicate. Instead Stanton constructed a replica, after taking careful measurements from the original. The replica is display alongside the doublet and inkwell.


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An exploration in consumer behaviours, mechanisms and motivations
The Challenge: Develop the right research methodology, from ethnographic interviews to focus groups, to better understand consumers motives.
Ethnoexplo: An immersion in consumer reality
The Challenge: Diving deeply into the lives of target consumers to understand more than simply practices of a category of people, taking inspiration from their anecdotes, and understanding the deeper mechanisms of how they function.
We get their vote of confidence: Heineken, L'Oréal, Mondelez, Lesieur
OnlineExplo: Consumers' experiences instantly captured
The Challenge: Using digital means (blogs or applications) to accompany the consumer in their everyday life, from when they get up to when they go to bed, and encouraging immediate feedback.
We get their vote of confidence: Heineken, BPCE, Blini
GroupExplo: Collective investigation of specific issues
The Challenge: Gathering consumers in order to compare points of view and facilitate brainstorming, which allows for better understanding of certain issues.
We get their vote of confidence: LNUF, Heineken, BPCE, L'Oréal, MW Brands
deskExplo: Analysing documentary resources
The Challenge: Investigating a corpus of existing documentary resources (journals, internet, open data, GNPD database…) to enlighten us on an issue.
We get their vote of confidence: Heineken, Nestlé CPW
Each Monday we spot and analyse consumer "low signals"
The Challenge: Registering the slightest shifts in consumption, distribution, and more generally lifestyles and attitudes in order to predict upcoming trends, with the possibility of customising the approach to the needs of the customers.
Our consumption trendwatching tool
The Challenge: Deciphering the attitudes and behaviours of consumers through low-signal analysis, in order to draw inspiration for future strategies (positioning, innovation, communication).
Semiotic mapping of a specific theme
The Challenge: Identifying the main conceptual clusters within a territory and the underlying brand opportunities that they contain, through a cross-referenced analysis of consumption, distribution, cinema, arts, design, etc... These clusters are ultimately translated into mood boards.
Experts ready to explore your issues
The Challenge : To consult expert opinions to clarify highly-specialised issues.
Consumer trends at arm's reach
The Challenge: Let consumers play the role of a reporter, via a smartphone application (collecting words and pictures). The collected data is systematically combined with our trend findings, for an efficient insight detection system.


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Shihe Ren, Xueming Zhu, Marie Drevillon, Hui Wang, Yunfei Zhang, Ziqing Zu, and Ang Li
A frontal detection algorithm is developed with the capability of detecting significant frontal segments of sea surface temperature (SST) in the high-resolution South China Sea Operational Forecasting System (SCSOFS). To effectively obtain frontal information, a gradient-based Canny edge detection algorithm is improved with postprocessing designed for high-resolution numerical models, aiming at extracting primary ocean fronts while ensuring the balance of frontal continuity and positioning accuracy. Metrics of frontal probability and strength are used to measure the robustness of the results in terms of mean state and seasonal variability of frontal activities in the South China Sea (SCS). Most fronts are found in the nearshore and form a strip shape extending from the Taiwan Strait to the coast of Vietnam. The SCSOFS is found to reproduce strong seasonal signals dominating the variability of the frontal strength and occurrence probability in the SCS. We implement the algorithm on the daily averaged SST derived from two other SST analyses for intercomparison in the SCS.
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Connecticut's Students Learning English Perform Poorly Compared To Nation
When Brian Gonzalez, an eighth-grader at Windham Middle School, arrived last year from Puerto Rico, he knew very little English. He was pulled out of the classroom for one period a day, he says, to work with a teacher who helped him learn English and to understand his assignments, but it wasn't enough. When the fall arrived, Brian's English language skills were weak enough that he was placed in a class for "new arrivals" with a bilingual teacher who provided more assistance with his developing English and with understanding his work. "It was great," Brian said through a translator. But a few months into the semester, Gonzalez's English was rated good...


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a. Nonwood alternatives
b. Paper conservation at home, school and during the holidays
c. Woodwise mail, books and magazines, and clothing
d. Woodwise homes
Individual Reading and Preparation:
*You are going to present an argument in a small group. You will argue that the other students take certain actions as consumers to promote forest conservation. Consumer actions can include what you buy, how you use it and what you do with it when you are done using it. This will be based on your selected article. To prepare:
1. Read selected article
2. Use one piece of notebook paper to create a visual aid for your presentation:
Include the following:
a. Seven - ten consumer actions (buying, using and/or disposing of products)
Use your own words based on tips in reading. Organize actions into different sections (e.g. in reading B- home, school and holidays)
c. Two - three diagrams, pictures or graphics to illustrate key points
d. One - three statistics on the state of our forests or wood consumption to support your argument to change consumer actions.
**Be PREPARED to explain not just what actions but also WHY those actions.
Jigsaw Groups will listen to one another and carefully consider all the consumer options.
As presenter, you will:
a. introduce your areas/approach to wood/forest conservation
b. justify why these actions are important for forest conservation (try to show why these actions may be more important than other actions)
c. carefully explain recommended consumer actions referring to all parts of visual aid
As listener, you will:
a. ask questions to better understand presenters' ideas
b. after each presentation, write down 2 consumer actions you feel would be effective to conserve forests and would consider doing
c. after all presentations, choose 3 actions you feel would be most effective and write them down with an explanation as to why you feel these are the best actions to pursue as a consumer to promote forest conservation (1/2 page)
Can you think of other approaches consumers can take to promote forest conservation?
What are the obstacles to changing consumer habits? using less wood?


Ensembles apply to trajectories, not frames
It is common to initially think of ensembles as applying on a frame-by-frame basis. However, ensembles are only valid on trajectories, not individual frames. To explain this, let's consider a couple simple common misconceptions.
Combining volume ensembles doesn't combine volumes
It might seem like Ensemble(volume_A) & Ensemble(volume_B) should be the same as Ensemble(volume_A & volume_B). But this is absolutely not the case. We can see this easily by using PartOutXEnsemble as the example ensemble. PartOutXEnsemble(volume) creates an ensemble in which at least one frame must be outside of volume. So the difference between and-ing together the two ensembles vs. and-ing together the two volumes can be described like this:
 - PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A) & PartOutXEnsemble(volume_B): there is at least one frame in the trajectory outside of volume_A, and at least one frame outside of volume_B. These two frames do not need to be the same frame.
 - PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A & volume_B): there is at least one frame which is outside of volume_A & volume_B, which is the intersection of volume_A and volume_B.
Note that the second case does NOT mean that a single frame is simultaneously outside of both volume_A and volume_B: it is outside the intersection, not the union. If what you want is a ensemble of trajectories which contain at least one frame that is simultaneously outside of volume_A and outside of volume_B, you can write that as PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A | volume_B).
A trajectory in 'PartOutXEnsemble(volumeA & volumeB)' but not in 'PartOutXEnsemble(volumeA) & PartOutXEnsemble(volumeB)'
The above trajectory is in PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A & volume_B) but not in PartOutXEnsemble(volume_A) & PartOutXEnsemble(volume_B). To be in that ensemble, it would need to have a frame in the red area, or the outside both volumes in the white area. The volume given by volume_A & volume_B is the purple area, and some frames are outside of that.
Complementary frames do not generate the logical inverse ensemble
Another case where your intuition can lead you astray is when thinking about complementary and inverse ensembles. For example, since InXEnsemble(volume) consists of frames inside of volume and OutXEnsemble(volume) consists of frames outside of volume, you might mistakenly think that InXEnsemble(volume) | OutXEnsemble(volume) allows all trajectories.
However, if you think about the whole trajectory, you'll see this is not the case. InXEnsemble requires that all frames be in the given volume; OutXEnsemble requires that all frames be outside the given volume. A trajectory tested with InXEnsemble(volume) | OutXEnsemble(volume) must satisfy one of the two ensembles: either all frames inside or all frames outside. It can not include a transition across edge of the volume.
OutXEnsemble is complementary to InXEnsemble in the sense that OutXEnsemble(volume) == InXEnsemble(~volume), but OutXEnsemble(volume)!= ~InXEnsemble(volume). This again comes back to the statement in the previous section that combining volume ensembles does not combine volumes, because InXEnsemble(volume) | InXEnsemble(~volume)!= InXEnsemble(volume | ~volume).
To find the actual logical inverse of an ensemble, we should return to its set-theoretic definition. For InXEnsemble, this is:
\[\forall t; x[t] \in V_x\]
where \(t\) is the time (frame number), \(x\) is the order parameter function which defines the volume, and \(V_x\) is the extent of the volume. To take the logical not of that, we apply the standard rules that \(\forall\) becomes \(\exists\) and \(\in\) becomes \(\notin\), giving us:
\[\exists t\ | \ x[t] \notin V_x\]
This is, of course, the definition for a PartOutXEnsemble. And if we think about this in words, it makes perfect sense: if the ensemble requires that all frames be in some volume, then the set of all trajectories which do not satisfy that ensemble would have at least one frame outside that volume.


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 PeterDobias.com / Blog / Supplements & Diet
 Synthetic supplements for dogs can cause serious problems
 By Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM
 It is very apparent from nature that living organisms are extremely capable of selecting nutrients that they need and throwing away the ones that are in excess. The body does it without any outside regulation and with ease.
 synthetic vitamins
 How many supplements are too many?
 The problem of excess nutrients only arises when synthetic chemicals are offered instead of food-based concentrates and supplements. These supplements including synthetic vitamins and minerals can correct symptoms of severe deficiency - for example scurvy - Vitamin C deficiency and Beriberi vitamin B1 hypovitaminosis.
 However, synthetic non-food based supplements can create severe excesses and overdoses. Good examples are fat soluble vitamins ADEK or overdoses of minerals in chemically manufactured mineral supplements. I frequently see this in dogs' hair mineral test results.
 The body needs real food!
 The body is designed to process food-based nutrients and not chemicals which can easily create a state of excess often expressed in agitation, heat production and digestive problems. These are the main reasons why I only recommend naturally-fermented vitamins, probioticsplant-based minerals and naturally sourced omega oils that are powerful, yet gentle and can be managed by the body well.
 A simple example is the difference between taking a cheap synthetic multivitamin that commonly causes stomach upset when taken on an empty stomach and a naturally fermented multivitamin that usually does not cause such symptoms.
 Nature never measures the exact amounts of vitamins and nutrients in food. It just provides nutrients that are natural and non-synthetic.
 There are two major and very common problems in nutrition and the origin of premature ageing and chronic disease:
 1. Deficiency of nutrients and vitamins that result from soil and food depletion.
 2. Supplementing them in artificial forms.
 It is not a question of whether supplements are needed but what forms to give and which ones to avoid.
 Additional recommended reading:
 How many supplements are too many for dogs and which ones to give
 © Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM
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Projects per year
A numerical model is developed for a TLP configuration of a floating offshore wind turbine. The platform dynamics and hydrodynamic forces are derived and implemented in an advanced aero-elastic code, Flex5, to compute the hydro-aero-servo-elastic loads and responses on the floater and the wind turbine. This is achieved through three steps. In the first step, an independent 2D code with fourteen degrees of freedom (DOFs) is developed and the responses are verified for load cases concerning steady and spatially coherent turbulent wind with regular and irregular waves. In the second step, the 2D code is augmented with three more DOFs. A three-dimensional wave model with directional spreading is derived and implemented to obtain 3D code. Comparison of the 3D responses with that of the 2D shows a good agreement. The 3D code is tested for load cases using steady and turbulent wind with 3D irregular waves. In addition, the effect of wind-wave misalignment is investigated. Further, in the third step, the 3D platform dynamics and wave loading are implemented into Flex5, resulting in a fully coupled hydro-aero-servo-elastic code. The implementation is tested to make the model reliable and robust. In addition, the responses are compared to that of the 3D code responses, which shows a good agreement, in general. The extended Flex5 code is used to carry out a parametric study to investigate the influence of various configurations on the responses when subjected to different sea states and a potential configuration is recommended. The potential configuration is subjected to sea states with more narrow wave spectrum with collinear and oblique wave heading and a swell case. The responses are compared with that of the baseline configuration and recommendations are suggested for future work.
|Place of Publication||Kgs. Lyngby|
|Publisher||Technical University of Denmark|
|Number of pages||231|
|Publication status||Published - 2013|


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Distance and Risk Measures for the Analysis of Spatial Data: A Study of Childhood Cancers
This work compares distance and risk measures as ways to detect spatial clusters of disease associated with a point source exposure. Also included is an application of these two approaches to childhood cancer data for the city of San Francisco (1973-88). The distributions of incident cases of leukemia (51 cases), brain cancer (35 cases) and lymphatic cancer (35 cases) among individuals less than 21 years of age are described using three statistical measures: distance on a geopolitical map, distance on a density equalized transformed map, and relative risk. The point source of exposure investigated is a large microwave tower located southwest of the center of the city (Sutro Tower). These three statistical methods are contrasted to explore the advantages and disadvantages of using distance and risk measures in the analysis of spatial data. All three measures of spatial clustering are shown to perform similarly when a specific area of exposure can be defined. Tests based on the normal distribution and simulation methods are used to analyze the spatial distribution of the cancer incidence data. Both analytic approaches indicate that the pattern of the major childhood cancers is essentially random with respect to the point source.
Disease Modeling | Statistical Methodology | Statistical Theory
Selvin, Steve; Schulman, Jane; and Merrill, Deane W., "Distance and Risk Measures for the Analysis of Spatial Data: A Study of Childhood Cancers" (January 1991). U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series. Working Paper 20.
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people of color | WAMC
people of color
Book cover for "Black Girl, Call Home"
It is National Poetry Month and we talk this morning with poet Jasmine Mans about her new collection: "Black Girl, Call Home." The collection explores the intersection of race, feminism, and queer identity. It is a deeply emotional and personal ode to the places we come from, and a piercing meditation on identity.
Mans caused a stir when a video of her performing her poem "Footnotes for Kanye" went viral on YouTube. Since then, she has continued to build a following through her live performances at venues like the Kennedy Center and Broadway's New Amsterdam Theater and on stages across the country,
Her new book "Black Girl, Call Home" is inspired and informed by her own life and offers an important perspective on the world we live in. Poems from the collection have been featured by Elle and O, The Oprah Magazine, part of the national dialogue about issues and events that deeply affect people of color.
The new book "400 Souls" is a unique one volume community history of African Americans. The editors Ibram X. Kendi and Keyshia Blaine have assembled 90 brilliant writers, each of whom takes on a five year period of that 400 year span.
The writers explore their periods through a variety of techniques: historical essays, short stories, personal vignettes, and fiery polemics. They approach history from various perspectives. Through the eyes of towering historical icons are the untold stories of ordinary people through places laws and objects.


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Nashwa H Ali Abd El-Sameaa
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN EGYPT, AN ATTRACTIVE EXPELLING ENVIRONMENT FOR FDI: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
This study's focus is to provide a model that would facilitate assessing and analyzing business environment in developing countries. Chapter one presents an overview of the research topic, the research problem, the research importance, the research objectives, and the research questions, it also provides the outline of the thesis structure.
Since each city in Egypt differs in their way of living, beliefs, culture, traditions and customs, future research can benefit from focusing on the country as a whole rather than choosing certain regions. When collecting data from different cities, the researcher will be assured that almost all viewpoints, perceptions, perspectives, and evaluations are covered. Thus, this data collection method will help obtain representative information that can be generalized to Egypt. It is also highly recommended that future studies should be replicated in different regions in Egypt to compare different results and to apply it in different countries for cross-cultural analysis. These outcomes that will be developed accordingly will help foreign investors to know which city in Egypt is the most attractive city for profit and operation success.|


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Data visualization with machine embroidery
Materials for a 90 min. crash course targeting a technical audience.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Motivation for using embroidery in education
- 3 Prior to the workshop / downloads
- 4 Workflow(s) of computerized embroidery
- 5 Typology of embroidery stitch types
- 6 Embroidery machines and physical constraints (resolution, layers, tissue, size, etc.)
- 7 Hands-on: Using InkStitch (a free extension to the free Inscape program)
- 8 Hands-on: Generating, importing and adopting appropriate SVG graphics
- 9 Links
This page was prepared by Daniel K. Schneider for a 75 min workshop at the Dagstuhl Seminar 18441 on DataPhysicalization October 28 – November 2 2018. This technical workshop introduced participants to principles of computerized embroidery and we discussed its potential for data physicalization. At the end of the workshop, most participants created a (very simple) data visualization that could be stitched with any low or high-end embroidery machine. We also found out that installing InkScape on a Mac is a fairly difficult task. We may reuse this page for other crash courses.
- Participants should install beforehand (1) Inkscape (an open source drawing program) and (2) the the InkStitch Extension. Installation prior workshops is particularly recommended for Mac users, since the installation is a bit more difficult.
- Workflow(s) of computerized embroidery (10 min)
- Typology of embroidery stitch types (5min)
- Physical constraints (resolution, layers, tissue, size, etc.) (5 min)
- Hands-on: Using InkStitch (a free extension to the free Inscape program) (40 min)
- Hands-on: Generating, importing and adopting appropriate SVG graphics (30 min)
2 Motivation for using embroidery in education
Affordances (for me)
- Medium to teach: programming (Brady, 2017), vector drawing, mathematics, art, environmental issues, etc. (STEAM)
- "Doing" stimulates problem solving, planning, cooperation, and develops metacognitive skills (Blikstein, 2013).
- There is a demand for design thinking, design skills (Barlex, 2011).
- Teachers (maybe) can create or adapt constructionist learning objects (Zuckerman, 2006, Schneider et al, 2017).
- It motivates because it leads to a product (Kostakis, 2015)
- It is an expressive medium for conveying ideas (e.g. data physicalisation)
- Machine embroidery is working technology (since the 19th century)
- It does not pollute much
- People like it and seem to like learning it. Data from a science faire outreach event:
- N=78 (M_age=18.10, SD_age=14.18, 47 F).
- On a 7-point scale, mean interest of embroidery activity = 6,91 SD=0.29.
My experience so far
- One class with the topic of "embroidery for change" (list of student-projects)
- Several outreach events (> 500 of participant-drawn badges made). In one, data collected on expected and experienced difficulty, plus interest.
- Online manuals created
- Two extended abstracts on embroidery in education directory with slides/papers
3 Prior to the workshop / downloads
- Participants should install beforehand:
Installation prior to the workshop is particularly recommended for Mac users, since the installation of Inkscape is a bit more difficult, i.e. you may have to install X. Make very sure to read the instructions at the bottom of this download page after you confirmed downloading InkScape. Do not install it, before you installed XQuartz (an X Windows implementation for the Mac).
4 Workflow(s) of computerized embroidery
A typical "workflow" for creating an embroidery includes the following steps.
- Create a drawing (by hand or with a drawing software) or download an image
- Import the drawing into an embroidery software
- Convert to editable vector drawing format, if the drawing is in raster format
- Adapt the drawing to the constraints of the embroidery (eliminate the fine details, reduce the colors)
- Transform the drawing into "embroidery objects". An embroidery object defines an area for which embroidery stitches will be generated, according to various parameters
- Adjust / re-adjust these embroidery objects (embroidery types, stitch density, patterns, embroidery order, etc.)
- Convert to executable format for a machine brand (.pes,.art,.jef,.dst etc.)
- Stabilize and hoop the fabric.
- Stitch the design (load it into a machine)
5 Typology of embroidery stitch types
We could distinguish five main stitch types:
- Manual stitches, mostly used to fix some automatically generated stitches
- Running stitches, mostly used for stitching lines or outlines
- Satin stitches are used to stitch wider lines and so-called columns (narrow areas). Typically, a dense zigzag stitch is used.
- Fill stitches, based on a regular pattern are used to fill in larger areas, i.e. polygons that may have holes
- Programmable or specialty stitches can define any sort of imaginable filling strategy, e.g. cross-stitches, radial stitches, little stars...
In addition there some auxiliary stitches:
- Jump stitches (i.e. no stitches), to get from one point to another. Those can be manually cut away once the machine has embroidered the pattern.
- Lock stitches should be used at the end of all elements (in particular columns and fills)
6 Embroidery machines and physical constraints (resolution, layers, tissue, size, etc.)
- A tissue is fixed within a frame that moves in X/Y direction while a needle goes up and down (same needle mechanism as a sewing machine)
- Size of embroidery is limited to size of embroidery frames, e.g. 14.0 x 20.0 cm on a smaller machine. Semi-professional machines can do more, e.g. 36.0 x 20.0cm, but large embroidery is very time-consuming and tricky.
- Smallest resolution is about 1/4 mm, i.e. a typical sating stitch or fill pattern uses 4-5 threads / mm.
- Tiny letters are ugly
- Most fabrics need to be stabilized during embroidery
- T-shirts and other elastic tissues are difficult (need a permanent stabilizer)
- You should not stitch more than three layers. Even two layers is too much most of the times.
- You cannot fill large surfaces. Use some programmable stitch for that.
7 Hands-on: Using InkStitch (a free extension to the free Inscape program)
7.1 Basic use
(1) Draw an object, e.g. a circle
(2) Keep either stroke or path (not both).
Menu Object -> Fill and Stroke. Look at the tabs (fill, stroke paint, stroke type)!
- If you need both fill and stroke, duplicate the object and keep the fill of one and the stroke of the other
(3) Transform the object to an SVG path object (InkStitch only can deal with
Menu Path -> Object to Path
(4) Adapt / parametrize the object (see below for details)
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Params
(5) Simulate, print or create a stitch file
- Simulation: Menu
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Simulate
- PDF file with visualisation: Menu
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Print
- Create a stitch file: Menu
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Embroidery. Alternatively, you also can use
menu file -> Save a copy
- Tip: after using the embroidery command, you will have to unhide drawing layers. In the same way, do not create an InkStitch file from the Stitch Plan
7.2 Create running stitches
- Use or draw a line
- Make it dotted (
Object->Fill and stroke; Stroke style tab -> Dashes)
- Select this object and parametrize (e.g. multiply the stitches)
7.3 Create fills
- Use any fill area (again: we suggest removing the stroke). Make sure to translate to path.
- Select this object and parametrize:
Extensions -> Ink/Stitch -> English -> Params.
- Set angle (direction of stitched lines)¨
- Define an underlay (tick the box in the tab)
7.4 Satin stitch principles
Satin stitches are the "essence " of embroidery. Unfortunately a little bit more difficult to do.
- Default zigzag stitch for fat strokes is ugly. Avoid using it.
A satin column is defined by:
- A single SVG path, also called rail
- Containing two sub-path lines that go in the same direction
- The two sub-paths must have either an identical number of nodes or rungs
Getting such a path can be a bit difficult, in particular if you start from a polygon contour. In these cases, convert the stroke to path, remove the fill, adjust stroke size, cut the lines, and reverse the direction of one of the rails. So let's do something simpler, i.e. create a satin stitch from a line.
7.5 Create a satin stitch from a line
- Draw a line that has a good width for satin stitches, e.g. between 2 and 6mm. Also, the line cannot have overlaps. E.g.
Draw freehand line(F6) Icon in the toolbar to the left
- Smooth it: CTRL-L
- Adapt thickness (Fill and Stroke, Stroke style tab)
- Select this object (verify


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REDEMPTION AND THE SACRIFICE
In order to redeem the people and at the same time reveal how deeply He loved them, Kinoingan sacrificed His own beloved daughter Ponompuan. It was a painful decision but it was necessary in order that the people will never again forget how much He loves them, and that they will be reminded even while they toil, plant, harvest, eat and drink, that He is always with them.
In the Kadazandusun story of redemption, Kinoingan sacrificed His only daughter Ponompuan and planted the various parts of her body in the fields as though they were seeds. The people who came to ask Kinoingan for crop seeds could not understand why Kinoingan killed His beloved Daughter, cutting her body into pieces and planting them.
They could only watch and ponder. Upon leaving Kinoingan did not utter a word and no seeds were given to the people fro planting. So they all went back puzzled.
In another version of the story, Ponompuan entreated her Father's mercy upon the dying earth, conveying to him the peoples' act of repentance.
Kinoingan thus took Ponompuan for a walk before He unfolded to Her His plan to redeem the dying world, and His wish that Ponompulan be the symbolic sacrifice of the greatest love of all. For the love of Her Father and the world, Ponompulan thus willingly became the Saviour of the world. Through the miraculous power of her Mother Sumundu, Ponompuan's wishes were granted — that her body parts be transformed into the food resources of the world and that her Spirit be the Bambarayon spirit of the staple food rice.


Definition: A seed that due to social trauma stays consciously dormant not out of oppression, but rather due to a deep intuition which senses not to seed until it finds itself in a fertile, fecund environment.
Usage: Swati was hesitant to invite her college friends to her parents' home for dinner, as it was custom for Swati's grandmother to tell deeply personal family stories and histories. Grandmother's wisdom was like a quieseed, and Swati knew she would be cautious to reveal pieces of the story with strangers in the room.
Origin: Ash Arder, Detroit, Michigan + Heidi Quante, California, November 2017.
Quiescent (Latin) meaning 'being still', from the Latin verb quies 'quiet' meaning marked by inactivity or repose.
Seed (Old English sǣd, of Germanic origin Saat) meaning a flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another plant. A propagative plant structure (such as a spore or small dry fruit).
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changes to %home trigger stateful updates. Files in other desks can be built, but not installed into the system. This might be relaxed in the future.
The process of updating varies by layer. The Hoon and Zuse layers are stateless, so their newly rebuilt cores (Nock executables) must be stored (somewhere in the system's Nock tree, in memory; remember, Urbit is a single-level store), but they have no state that would need to be migrated. The Arvo kernel, vanes, and userspace agents are all live, stateful programs, so in order to update one of those, the system must extract the state from the old program, pass that data into the newly built program, then discard the old program and store the new one. Arvo and agent state injection routines can emit effects, but vane updates cannot.
To work around this limitation, Gall has a two-phase update process. First it enters a dormant "pupal" phase that stores not running agent cores, but only the agent states that the old Gall had extracted from its agents. When Clay notifies Gall that its agents have been rebuilt, Gall "molts" back into normal functionality by loading the agent cores from Clay and then running their +on-load routines to inject the old state.
If there's a change to files in /sys on the %home desk, Clay asks Arvo to update kernelspace. Clay sends a sequence of moves (effects) to Arvo to ask Arvo to perform any necessary updates to hoon, the kernel, Zuse, and vanes. This sequence is terminated by an extra move back to Clay itself, which will be received by the updated version of Clay after migrating its state. The rebuilt Clay can then use the newly rebuilt version of Zuse to rebuild userspace and notify clients of the update. One client is Gall, which molts when Clay notifies it.
Clay triggers updates, but the Arvo kernel is responsible for performing updates to all kernelspace layers, and Gall is responsible for updating userspace agents. Agents are stored in Gall's state, but all other layers are stored directly in the Arvo core's state, so the Arvo kernel contains the routines that reload Hoon, the kernel itself, Zuse, and the vanes.
The Arvo kernel reloads itself by receiving its new source code as a %lyra move from Clay, compiling this source into a core with empty state, then calling the new core's +load routine with the relevant parts of the old state. The state passed to the new Arvo now includes not just the vane cores and their states, but also the Arvo "duct" call stack, which maintains a stack of queues of moves to be passed from one vane to another, and a list of effects to emit to Unix at the end of the current Arvo event. If needed, Arvo could migrate the outstanding moves themselves -- if, say, the duct datatype changes.
Passing the Arvo call stack state to new Arvo allows a kernel update to happen in the middle of a more complex event without disturbing other sequences of processing steps happening concurrently in the vanes.
This entire update process happens in one Arvo event and doesn't break event-dispatching semantics. This not only provides atomic rollback, but allows the update to be combined with other actions into a larger transaction -- for example, to stage complex changes, user code could trigger two kernel updates in a row, both in the same event.
Note that this is the opposite situation from the entropically leaking asynchronicity described earlier. Now the guarantees don't deteriorate; they can be composed into stronger guarantees.
How Clay Validates a Desk
A desk is Urbit's answer to a git branch. It's almost identical, except all files are typed and validated, and whenever a commit becomes the equivalent of git's 'HEAD', it's assigned a semantically meaningful revision number, and all files are typed and validated.
If Clay has been asked to perform a commit, it needs to validate all the files in this desk and notify all subscribers to live queries of this desk's data. Gall, for example, maintains live queries on builds of its live agents. Validation uses the Ford build system, which as of this update is no longer a standalone vane but a core within Clay.
A Clay commit, like a git commit, is specified as the current value of all its changed files (and, separately, references its parent commits by hash), not as the diff from a parent commit. Unlike git, Clay is typed, and every file must be validated according to its "mark". A mark is named like a file extension, e.g. %txt, %png, or %noun, and Clay maintains a mapping from that name to behaviors of values of that type under various operations. The last segment of any Clay path specifies the mark to use for operations on that file, including validation.
Mark operations include conversion to and from other marks (such as converting %json to %txt), revision control operations (diff, patch, and merge), and validating an untyped noun. Operations for mark %foo-bar are defined by a core built using the source code at /mar/foo-bar/hoon, or if that doesn't exist, at /mar/foo/bar/hoon.
Consider a file at /web/foo/json. In order to validate this file, Clay must load the mark definition core and use its validation routine to ensure the untyped value of /web/foo/json is in fact valid JSON. To obtain this core, Clay must build the file at /mar/json/hoon from source and then process the resulting raw mark core using some mild metaprogramming to get a standard interface core for dealing with marks, called a $dais, whose type is defined in Zuse.
Since building a source file only makes sense if the file has been validated as a %hoon file, but mark definitions themselves must be built from source, there's a logical dependency cycle -- who validates the validators? To break this cycle, Clay hard-codes the validation of %hoon files. This allows mark definitions to be built from source, and in fact any file can depend on any other file of any mark as long as there are no cycles. As of Ford Fusion, Ford performs a cycle check to ensure acyclicity.
Since building a file is a pure function, Clay memoizes the results of all builds, including builds of marks, mark conversions, and hoon source files. These memoization results are stored along with the desk and are used by later revisions of that desk. Future work should allow merge commits to pull memoized builds from all parents, but for now only the previous revision of the current desk is used. This is a major simplification of previous Ford architectures, which maintained much more complex caches with less clear eviction semantics. Now on every commit, we just throw away any unused memoized builds from the previous revision's Ford cache.
Once Clay has validated every file in this new revision of a desk, it constructs and sends updates to any subscriptions that other vanes or agents have requested. More Ford builds may be run to fulfill these requests, including builds for any running agents whose dependencies changed in this commit.
When Gall receives a newly rebuilt agent from Clay, it calls the gate produced by the +on-load arm of the new agent with the state extracted from the old agent. If there is a crash in any +on-load calls or in the handling of any effects they emit (which can include more agent activations), then the whole event crashes, canceling the commit. This effectively gives any agent the ability to abort a commit by crashing.
It is a bit counterintuitive that an app reload failure could prevent a kernel update. The reason is that we don't want the system to update itself into a broken state. An Urbit can be rendered practically unusable by the presence of broken agents, even if the kernel hasn't lost integrity, so it's kinder to the user not to break their agents by installing an incompatible kernel update. This also puts virtuous pressure on kernel developers not to "break userspace", the importance of which has been insisted on for decades by Linus Torvalds, among others.
If an agent does crash a commit event that included a kernel update, the attempted commit is now trivially rolled back, and the system can deliver an error message to the user. This does not leave the system in an inconsistent or stuck state, so the user could modify the failing agent and try the kernel update again later. Supporting better workflows for keeping third-party agents up-to-date will be an important aspect of Urbit's upcoming software distribution work.
Ford Build Semantics
The Three Types of Ford Builds: Files, Marks, and Casts
The Ford build semantics have been simplified. There are now three kinds of builds that Ford can perform: files, marks, and casts, all of which happen synchronously as function calls inside Clay and are available (without memoization) as scry interfaces.
File Builds
A file build takes in a filepath containing Ford runes and Hoon source, runs the Ford runes to perform imports, and then compiles the source, producing a $vase, a noun tagged with its Hoon type.
Clay exposes file builds into the scry namespace with %ca: as an example,.^(vase %ca /~zod/home/3/lib/sole/hoon) will build the sole library.
Mark Builds
A mark build produces a $dais mark-interface core. It first performs a file build on the Hoon file in /mar that defines the mark core, then it does some metaprogramming to make the operations more convenient to use. If the raw mark core delegated revision control operations to another mark core


text:
One of the most useful colors in an artist's palette is one of the last colors anyone else would think. Only its spooky name would incline your attention towards it. Caput mortuum, which means dead head or death head, is made of haematite–iron oxide (in fact there are several extremely similar colors made of the same pigment but with slightly different hues and names–particularly mars violet and Indian red—but we will stick to talking about caput mortuum because that's the variation I use). This unpromising rust color possesses a protean mutability–it could be red, brown, orange, or violet depending on the context. Although it can stand on its own as a focus of attention, caput mortuum is very easy to paint into a network of subtle shadows: many painters use it for shadowed flesh or as land cast in darkness (after all a person's flesh and the red clay of a landscape both take their ruddiness from iron).
Though not a flashy color, caput mortuum has a dignity and a beauty to it. In the middle ages and Renaissance, painters used it to paint the robes and clothing of eminent monastic religious figures and of patrons & donors (ie the people actually paying for the painting). Oftentimes when looking at a religious painting, a viewer will notice that Jesus, Mary, and Saint Peter–resplendent in gold, white, blue, and red—are joined by an unknown pair of merchants wearing caput mortuum. These two often have the most realistic and beautifully painted faces in the painting–it is difficult to say what Jesus really looked like but even the most money grubbing burgher knows his own face!
Although there is something somber about the deep color of caput mortuum, its name does not come from an obvious association with blood and corpses. In addition to meaning "dead head" the Latin phrase also means "worthless remains" and it was used by alchemists to describe the inert residue left over from a chemical reaction. Apparently this by-product was often a rusty violet color. Alchemists used a (very) stylized skull to denote the oxidized left-overs.
However it's more evocative to imagine the pigment being named after a death's head. The concept lends art a much needed touch of operatic dark magic.


Stanford Research Communication Program
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The Logic of Make-Believe
Grant A. Marler
Department of Philosophy
Claremont Graduate University
March 2002
Readers of the Sherlock Holmes stories would surely deny that Holmes lived at 221A Baker Street, for according to the stories he lived at 221B. But is it true to say that Holmes lived at 221B, since there never was such a person as Sherlock Holmes? My research in the philosophy of language centers on whether it is appropriate to speak of 'truth-in-fiction', and how this truth fits with the ways people actually talk, both inside fictions and when talking about them. I focus on 'pretense theory', which is concerned with the language and actions we engage in once we pretend that something is true. I hope to strengthen the theory by pairing it with new tools for modeling the logic of fiction.
My research in the philosophy of language is an attempt to understand the nature of fiction. By fiction I mean not only works of literature--novels, poems, dramas--but also those visual arts, scientific and mathematical hypotheses, children's games, and other statements, practices, and art forms that are not based solely on fact. The concern here is not with grasping the philosophical or poetic meanings of fictional works, but rather with understanding what fictional characters and things supposedly do when they exist, talk, act, etc. A related question is, "How do we talk about fiction?" I am especially interested in whether it makes sense to say that there is 'truth-in-fiction'.
Philosophers who study language have been puzzled by fiction for over 125 years. The first task of my research is thus to provide a much needed historical survey of the problems and proposed solutions. What puzzles are posed by fiction? The main difficulty is that it appears to raise contradictions. For example, does Sherlock Holmes live at 221B Baker Street? According to the story he does. But things get sticky when we ask whether "Sherlock Holmes lives at 221B Baker Street" is really true. Here philosophers take widely divergent views. Some claim that any sentence that contains a fictional name must be literally false. Others claim that such sentences may be true because fictional things really exist--though only as abstractions. Still others claim that the question is incomplete unless it is understood as beginning with the prefix "in this world." It is important to understand how these puzzles and their many proposed solutions have been influenced by, and have themselves influenced, general theories in the philosophy of language.
Among current theories, the viewpoint I adopt is known as pretense theory. Like children's games of make-believe, it is concerned with what we do and say once we agree that something is true. After setting up the pretense, we may pretend to say, pretend to question, and pretend to act in certain ways, all in accordance with that pretense. In such games, anything may act as a 'prop' for make-believe: the words in a book, a costume, completely unrelated objects, etc. Pretenses need not have an author, though many do.
Pretense theory is useful for describing the similarities and differences between fiction and reality, but it lacks the rigor that philosophers demand. The second stage of my research is to provide this rigor by pairing pretense theory with model theory, the branch of mathematics that studies logical structure in sets of sentences. Just like a pretense, a'model' sets up an interpretation of objects and relations between them so that certain sentences come out true in that model. The combination of pretense and model theories will be called'model-theoretic pretense'.
When trying to understand how any structure works, it often helps to build a model of it. In model-theoretic pretense, we say that a sentence 'works' in a model when it is true in that model. To understand the relations between true sentences, we build a'model' in which those sentences are all true. These logical models are like Legos for the mind. Given certain objects and certain ways of connecting them, we show the logical structure of a pretense. With other pieces and other ways of connecting them, we build other structures, and so on. We can then see which structures 'work' and how they work.
Model-theoretic pretense does more than address narrow logical problems; it changes, perhaps enriches, the way we look at fiction. Using this tool, we can evaluate and compare competing theories of fiction. In addition to philosophers, I hope the new methods will interest literary theorists, linguists, logicians, and mathematicians.


255 : B);
 pix[index] = 0xff000000 | (R << 16) | (G << 8) | B;
Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(mPhotoWidth, mPhotoHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
bm.setPixels(pix, 0, mPhotoWidth, 0, 0, mPhotoWidth, mPhotoHeight);
if (null!= mBitmap) {
mBitmap = bm;
// Put the updated bitmap into the main view
pix = null;
Figure 2 shows the result after a user touches the screen.
Android Image Processing
Figure 2: Result After Touching the Screen
Putting All the Pieces Together
The previous sections explained how to import and export an image file, create a view for it, and process each pixel in the image. One thing you should add is a simple user interaction so that a sequence of events can happen in response to the user's input. OnTouchEvent() allows you to handle the screen touches that are key to the modern devices. The software is set to wait for the end of the screen touch event. When the touch is released, the picture will be tinted by a color angle of 60 degrees and its result will be saved onto an external storage file.
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
 switch (event.getAction()) {
 case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
 // Perform the tinting operation
 // Display a short message on screen
 Toast.makeText(TutorialOnImages.this, "Picture was tinted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 // Save the result
 return (true);
 case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
 return super.onTouchEvent(event);
Some Advice for Android Image Processing
Before you jump into image Android image processing, here are some pointers to keep in mind:
 - If it takes too long to process all the image pixels (approximately five seconds), you could get a popup dialog called Application Not Responding or ANR. You should create a child thread and do the complicated calculation there. That should keep the main thread running without interruption.
 - If the child thread needs to change the main view (called UI thread), you should use a message handler in the main thread to listen for the notification from the child thread and then update the view accordingly. A child thread cannot modify the view in the main UI thread directly.
 - Some enhancements can be made. For example, it can be modified to read the image file from browsing the folders or from a URL. Image animation can be done carefully through multi-threading and message handling along with rectangle clipping to produce smooth transition effects.
Hopefully, the information provided here has given you a rough idea of how Android image processing works. I hope you develop a neat image application for the Android platform with your own unique style. From Eclipse, you can create a new Android project by selecting "Creating project from existing source" and browse to the folder where the sample project is decompressed to.
 1. Download and save the entire software project
 2. Android Developers at:
 3. Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1994
About the Author
Chunyen Liu has been a software professional for many years. Some of his applications were among winners at programming contests administered by SUN, ACM and IBM. He has also co-authored U.S. patents, written articles, and reviewed books for various publishers. He holds advanced degrees in Computer Science and has written numerous hobby apps at Androidlet and The J Maker. On the non-technical side, he is a tournament-ranked table tennis player, certified umpire, and certified coach of USA Table Tennis.
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text:
Demonslayer is a famed two-handed sword, its primary function as clear as its name. It was brought down to Exile in the First Expedition, wielded by Karzoth (whose name literally means "Demon-Slayer" in a debased version of Soruharva). When the First Visitation failed, Karzoth was slain by a Haakai, and Demonslayer broke into three parts. The hilt was taken by the Nepharim, the blade by the Dark Slithzerikai, and the tip by the lich Drath to his crypt in the west. After the Kingdom of Avernum was established, the three pieces were eventually found again by Hawthorne's Assassins and reforged by Boutell. It was used by adventurers to defeat Adze-Haakai and to finally banish the power of Grah-Hoth. It also figured in a prominent role in both the assault on Garzahd during the Empire-Avernum War and the assault on Rentar-Ihrno during the Vahnatai retribution.
In the first Avernum game, Efram in Silvar (Or, alternatively, his wife, Anastasia, who will tell you to speak to him about it), will tell you about the existance of this sword, and how it was taken by a group of adventurers, and that noone knows the location of this sword anymore.


We have actually expanded familiar with seeing them hanging from rear-view mirrors everywhere, however couple of individuals have actually thought exactly how and also why the now-iconic evergreen air freshener happened.
The beginnings of this vehicle component can in fact be mapped right back to 1952, when it became the creation of a German-Jewish drug store called Julius Sämann.
To prevent mistreatment throughout the Holocaust, Sämann left his home town of Uffenheim, Germany, for Canada, where he examined the fragrant substances discovered in the yearn needles of Canada's evergreens for 5 years.
At some point, he found out exactly how to draw out vital oils from these evergreen and also had the ability to catch their fragrance making use of an unique sort of blotting paper.
Therefore, in 1952 when a milkman from Watertown, New york city, whined to Sämann that his delivery van given off sour milk after a spill, the drug store was stimulated right into activity.
Integrating the vital oils from the evergreen with his specialised blotting paper, Sämann made both right into the air freshener as we understand it today.
According to Arnold Clark, Sämann submitted a license in 1954 for paper instilled with "odour-destroying, air-perfuming materials," that held on a string and also can be found in a cellophane wrapper.
Naturally, it can be found in the form of an evergreen, in a nod to the Canadian woodlands Sämann invested a lot of his life researching.
To today, the initial evergreen air freshener is marketed by the business Sämann started, Little Trees, which is still headquartered in the community that began all of it: Watertown, New York City.
When it initially released, the only scents supplied were Royal Pine, Seasoning, and also Arrangement, however the variety has actually considering that encompassed consist of over 60 fragrances.
Little Trees currently exports its items around the globe– in Europe, they are marketed under the Wunder-Baum brand name or the Arbre Magique brand name.
Nonetheless, the precise elements of the air fresheners continue to be a carefully safeguarded trick, with Stuart Watson, Sales and also Advertising Supervisor for Little Trees Europe, informing Arnold Clark: " All the elements naturally are of the best to make certain efficiency and also safety and security."
Sämann himself died in 1999 at the age of 88. According to a 2015 NPR record, Little Trees offers approximately USD$ 100 million well worth of item internationally yearly.
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