How to Take Care and Maintain the Food Pan
Written by admin
It is important to follow a regular cleaning routine for your pan to make sure you protect your investment. Here are the ways to take care of your quality food pan.
How to clean the tough stains?
 1. Clean the scorches or crust
If the food pan has food crusts, soak it in water preferably soapy water overnight. In the morning drain the water, and then scrub forcefully with a scrub pad. This will remove the most accumulated food layer.
Avoid using steel wool scrubs or copper based scrubbers as they will scratch the surface of your pan.
 1. Clean the burn Marks
If your cookware has heat burns, you may clean it by using baking soda. Make sure that it is completely dry, then sprinkle a small amount baking soda onto the burned surface. Rub the baking soda around the cookware thoroughly with a sponge.
You can also make a paste by adding little amount of water to the baking soda.
 1. Clean the water spots
Remove the water spots which are actually caused by the minerals in the water. You can clean it by soaking the pan in vinegar, then normally clean it as usual with a mild detergent.
Tips to maintain the pan
 1. Follow a regular routine to clean the pan and use quality materials that prevent the spots from forming during the cooking.
 2. Clean immediately after cooking as once they dry, they form the coating. Use a soft scrub to clean the cookware.
 3. Always wipe your cookware after washing to avoid the water spots to be formed on them.
 4. Avoid the use of dishwasher not only to increase their lifespan but also the bright appearance.
 5. Pour a small amount of oil or butter or fat etc. on a cold pan before you turn on the flame, and distribute it evenly on the pan. The idea is to maintain the layer over the nonstick surface.
 6. Try to use only wooden or plastic utensils to avoid the scratches on the surface of the cookware. Don't use a metal spoon or utensil as it will form scratches on the surface of the cookware.
 7. Maintain the nonstick surface of the cookware by not washing it with dish soap.
 8. Always try to heat the cookware on the burner with medium high heat only till it becomes hot for 1 to 2 minutes only.
Follow these methods and tips to increase the life span of your pan and hassle free cooking.
About the author


Brian Tracy Selling Higher Priced Products Against Lower Priced Competition
Why Brian Tracy Is A Pioneer In The Motivational Industry!
1. A well-known writer,Brian Tracy is an American-based motivational speaker and prolific writer. Tracy is the author of more than 70 publications that have all been highly praised in international media. His latest books are designed for those who seek an improved professional and personal life. This means that Brian Tracy one of the most sought-after keynote presenters and authors of the moment.
2. Reading Ease,The majority of Tracy's works on self-development are focused on how you can make the most of your abilities and gifts. Some of these suggestions and tips directly assist you in your personal growth efforts as well as others indirectly. Tracy advises, for instance that you concentrate first on your strengths prior to attempting to endeavor to achieve success in any endeavor. Tracy further suggests to start by determining your passions and continue to pursue it until have mastered it; this helps you reach your objectives.
3. Perseverance and focus are essential.He also suggests that you make a point of putting aside some time each day to concentrate on a small number of tasks instead of trying to accomplish a variety of similar tasks. This will allow you to be more productive and less conscious of the amount of time you have. You'll be able complete tasks with greater efficiency and less effort if you focus your attention on less tasks. This will result in greater productivity, and eventually, greater happiness and success.
4. Lot's of Advice,Brian Tracy has another piece of advice for those looking to achieve success at work. Instead of being caught up in the many distractions in the workplace that could prevent you from getting task done, set your mind to do only one thing at a time. You can do this by simply recording everything you'll need to accomplish and then focusing your mind and energy on completing this one task. It will help you stay focused by writing down your tasks list.
5. Set goals.In addition, you can take the time to record any goals or important tasks that seem urgent or appealing to you. You'll be able to stay focused and achieve your goals when you write down the tasks you have to complete. You can apply Brian Tracy's Law of Three: when you are determined to do something, you first need to accomplish it. The first step towards accomplishing your goal is by initiating an action or getting started. It is important to first determine what you want to do and then take the steps to reach it. So, when you start to delegate or place other tasks off, do it because you recognize that this task is very crucial.
6. Drawing BoardAnother thing that Brian Tracy would recommend is that you continue to go back to your drawing board, or the task you have created. If you want to continue working with your drawing boards, you should ensure that your focus is on the drawing board and you keep looking at the drawing board each day. This will help you create the concentration required to meet your goals. And once you have created the necessary focus, you can begin the process of realizing your goals. It's easier to remain focus and get the job accomplished if you're more determined and enthusiastic about the work.
7. How to Get SmartFourthly, the final component of selling techniques that are included in Brian Tracy's "Learn How to Get Smart and Profit From Home" series is preparation. This means that you should prepare a plan of action when you set up your day. You should also create an action plan before you're ready to sleep. That means that you must to establish a strategy. When you do this you'll be on your way to earning income from home and will be able to find the way to be free.
8. Strive To Achieve Your Goals,The fifth and the final installment of Brian Tracy's "Learn How to Get Smart and Start Profiting From home" series is the last step in achieving your goals. It is the most important section for most people. It's the final step in achieving your goals. It is a requirement to push yourself past your boundaries. Tracy does a very good job of showing people how to push themselves beyond their limits and he does an extremely effective job at making it look easy. But, it is essential to push yourself beyond your limits to get the maximum benefits from the program. this is what makes Brian Tracy's "Learn how to become smart and Start Profiting From at Home" series so helpful.
Brian Tracy Selling Higher Priced Products Against Lower Priced Competition
Hello, I Am Brian, Tracy.


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- Make Sweet & Scary Hands
- Wash your hands with soap and water!
- Put one candy corn into the tip of each finger of a clear plastic glove.
- Fill the glove with popped popcorn & tie off with a ribbon.
- Play "What is it?" … my 3-year-old loves playing this over and over!!
- Fill a bowl or small box with random objects around the house.
- Cover with a cloth & let the kids reach in and try to guess what the object is by feeling with their hands.
- Freeze water in a plastic glove to make a hand ice cube.
- Trace your hands on a piece of paper.
- Sing "Sticky Hands"
- Tell the kids that your hands are very sticky. Stand with your hands on your hips and pretend they are stuck there!
- With hands stuck, sing the song below. Then "unstick" your hands with exaggerated motions and "accidentally" get them stuck somewhere else.
- Sing the song again, remove your sticky hands as before and repeat!
Oh, my hands are sticky, sticky as can be.
Now my sticky, sticky hands are stuck on me!
Oh, whatever should I do
To get rid of all this goo?
So my hands will not be stuck - they will be free.
*Sung to "If You're Happy and You Know It"
- Use your hands to read several touch & feel books
- Make your own Touchy Feely Pages
- Draw a simple fish, bird, & bear shape on a piece of paper.
- Have the kids color the animals, then use glue to put sequins (scales) on the fish, craft feathers on the bird, and brown felt (fur) on the bear.
- Feel them!
Snack idea: Sweet & Scary hands (see above)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
The PCI Data Security Standard _URL_ forbid storing Credit Card info in the transaction log
3.2.1 For a sample of system components, examine data sources, including but not limited to the following, and verify that the full contents of any track from the magnetic stripe on the back of card or equivalent data on a chip are not stored under any circumstance: Incoming transaction data
 - All logs (for example, transaction, history, debugging, error)
 - History files
 - Trace files
 - Several database schemas
 - Database contents
Could anybody with read access to the log or log backup file be able to read CC number? It is not in a clear text. Still, is it possible to decript it? Is it enough to restrict user access to the log and log backup files?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
This means text logs, such as those from Log4net.
Not database redo/undo/transaction files
PCI says that Credit card numbers (PAN) should be sent and stored as encrypted in the database, which means only the encrypted value will appear in any database log file (whether an error log or the actual redo/undo/transaction log file). See Page 8 and item 3.4 of your document for this.
Edit, after _USER_'s observation
 - The database doesn't do encryption/decryption: only storage, no processing
 - The sending/receiving application does encryption/decryption: only processing, no storage
share|improve this answer
+1 great answer. So you're saying that by this standard the database doesn't even worry about encrypting/decrypting? It's up to the sending and receiving application to do the encryption/decryption? Do I have that right? – Thomas Stringer Jun 14 '12 at 14:11
_USER_: correct. And of course no persistence in the client code. So processing and persistence never happen in the same place. – gbn Jun 14 '12 at 14:14
Your Answer


How Do Rabbits Sleep?
Some rabbits sleep with their eyes open. You will only know they are asleep by the lack of nose twitching, or the twitching of the body. Others sleep with their eyes closed, in an almost comatose state.
1 Additional Answer Answer for: how do rabbits sleep
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Lagomorpha Family: Leporidae
Rabbits are herbivorous mammals of the Family Leporidae, which also includes hares. There are about 20 different rabbit species, in 7 genera. They live on nearly all continents, except Antarctica.
Other matches:
Q&A Related to "How Do Rabbits Sleep"
Although their behavior in the evening may appear as though they skip sleep entirely, it is normal for rabbits to take their rest in the daylight hours. Rabbits are crepuscular -
rabbits should have a wooden box that they can run into. put some newspaper inside and make sure it's flat,then put some hay in.you can swap paper for wood shavings but it's easyer
Rabbits are generally awake in the early morning, sleep all afternoon, wake up
I also had a pet bunny, he lived in my room. I did catch him sleeping. I was sleeping on my floor one night and I realized I was awake so I did not move a muscle, I very slowly opened
Explore this Topic
Rabbits normally sleep with their eyes open. It is therefore hard to tell whether they are sleeping or not. Rabbits mostly sleep during the day and they are always...
Rabbits do not always sleep with their eyes closed. This in turn makes it impossible to tell if they are sleeping or not. However, other rabbits will close their...
Rabbits sleep for about 8.4 hours a day. They are nocturnal animals therefore they sleep during the day. Some sleep with their eyes open thus making it hard to...


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Revisiting trends in Australian pan evaporation
Evaporation pans measure atmospheric evaporative demand and are used to estimate water loss from storages such as dams and to provide inputs to hydrologic models and drought indices. In the late 20th century, a surprising trend was found: although temperatures were increasing, pan evaporation was generally decreasing in many parts of the world, including Australia. Pan evaporation responds to four key drivers: net radiation, air temperature, wind speed and vapour pressure deficit. Earlier research, such as that by the Australian National University and the Queensland Government, showed that declining wind speeds ("stilling") were chiefly responsible for the declining trend in Australia.
We revisited the conclusions of these studies using an additional 12 years of observations. Interestingly, we found that many previously decreasing pan evaporation trends in western and southern Australia are now increasing. The opposite behaviour was observed in central Australia, where previously increasing trends are now decreasing (Figure a). On average, the inflections in pan evaporation occurred in the early 1990s.
Following Australian researchers at the CSIRO and Australian National University, we used the PenPan model to attribute the observed changes to climatic drivers. The modelled PenPan evaporation showed similar behaviour to the observed pan evaporation (Figure b). A flexible regression technique was applied to locate inflections in the PenPan results and linear regression was applied over appropriate subsets of the data to quantify contributions of different drivers. We showed that the recent increases in pan evaporation in western and southern Australia were due to increasing air temperature driving greater vapour pressure deficits. Possible reasons for increasing air temperatures include anthropogenic climate change and/or a period of drought (2000s) in Australia; both of these factors likely contributed to the increasing pan evaporation trends. In central Australia, wind speed changes were the most common driver of trends in pan evaporation both before and after the inflections, with substantial contributions from vapour pressure deficit in some cases. The switch from decreasing to increasing atmospheric evaporative demand in many populated and agricultural areas may reduce water security due to greater evaporative losses from water storages. We also highlight the need for primary observational networks to be better supported: of the 37 evaporation pans considered in this study, nine have closed since 2004, with substantial parts of the country (including Queensland, the Northern Territory and South Australia) having very limited long-term pan evaporation observations available (Figure a).
Reference: Stephens, C. M., McVicar, T. R., Johnson, F. M., & Marshall, L. A. (2018). Revisiting pan evaporation trends in Australia a decade on. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(20), 11,164–11,172. _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Sep. 29, 2007 Shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) catch their food at food-rich spots and subsequently eat it elsewhere. With this take-out strategy the crabs maximise their food uptake and keep competing crabs at a distance, says Dutch researcher Isabel Smallegange.
Food is not available everywhere in the Wadden Sea so you have to search for it. Yet if you do not have much time then where is the best place to go? Initially the food rich spots always seem to be the first choice. But there you can find other animals of course and that gives rise to food competition. With plenty of competitors there is little time left to consume the prey caught.
Experiments revealed that shore crabs always first attempt to catch their prey at the richest food spot. However, the shore crabs do not consume their prey there. Instead, they take these with them to a nearby food poor spot where there are fewer competitors who want to share the meal.
With this take-out meal strategy shore crabs are ensured of their dinner and they avoid greedy comrades. Field observations in the Wadden Sea suggest that shore crabs take both factors into account in their final choice of food spot when the alternatives are far away from each other.
The research into strategies in food searches was done using behavioural models and behavioural experiments with food searching shore crabs in experimental set ups in climate chambers at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ).
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become immune once you have been infected, and can become re-infected if exposed again. This may happen if you have a family member who has an asymptomatic parasitic infection, such as giardiasis. They can continue to re-infect you until they are treated.
Why shouldn't I take an over the counter anti-diarrhoea medicine?
You should only take this on the advice of your doctor. Diarrhoea is one of the methods your body uses to help rid itself of the infection. If you slow down or prevent this from happening by taking anti-diarrhoea medication you can prolong the amount of time that you are ill and sometimes make your infection worse.


1. Check that your microphone is not muted.
2. If there is any background noise, move to a quieter area.
3. Check if the issue is happening with a specific phone number on outgoing or incoming calls.
4. Connect a compatible wired headphone that has a microphone. If the headphone works, remove them to continue troubleshooting the internal microphones.
5. Restart your phone and test your phone's microphone and speakers with any free Voice Recorder application available from Nokia Store. Record an audio clip and play the recording. If you can hear the recording, your microphone is working.
6. If the problem persists, locate your phone's microphones and check that openings are not blocked. To find the microphone openings, see your phone's user guide or search online to find the chapter: Explore the keys and parts of your phone.


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Julie Wileman. Hide and Seek: The Archaeology of Childhood. Stroud: Tempus, 2005. x + 192 pp. $45.00 (paper), ISBN 978-0-7524-3462-9.
Reviewed by Jane Eva Baxter (DePaul University)
Published on H-Childhood (February, 2008)
Seeking and Finding Children in the Past
The archaeology of childhood has grown over the past decade and a half as a vibrant field of specialized interest within archaeology as a whole. Theoretical developments and methodological innovations are integral features of this continually evolving body of literature, and conversations about childhood are taking place among an ever diversifying pool of scholars in the discipline.
Julie Wileman enters into these conversations seeking to redress the lack of children in archaeological interpretations, and to debunk the all too common notion that children's imprints on the archaeological record are either minor, hard to interpret, or too difficult to disentangle from those of adults. The stated goal of Hide and Seek is "to examine the evidence for children in the past, and to try to encourage others to bear in mind … that every society had children, that children would have been present at almost every site, and that the roles of those children in their societies would have been significant in a number of ways" (p. 7). The theme of archaeologists needing to redress the previous omission of children from archaeological interpretations is one of the most prevalent among works on the subject, and as such Hide and Seek represents a significant contribution to the field.
Hide and Seek is best characterized as a descriptive work that reports evidence relating to children in ancient societies around the globe, with occasional references to more contemporary, anthropological studies of childhood that have implications for our understandings of children in the past. The anecdotal accounts of children in the past that comprise Hide and Seek are well researched and engagingly presented, and derive from published archaeological, ethnographic, and historical studies of childhood. The book is organized around a series of thematic chapters, which engage readily identified Western conceptions of childhood, including care and nurture, education and training, death, burial, and commemoration, children in rituals, children as victims, and definitions of childhood. This thematic presentation, as well as the style of writing, make this book readily accessible to popular audiences.
The predominant cases drawn upon in this text relate to ancient states with relatively well-understood systems of writing and symbolic expression, including Egyptian, Aztec, Maya, and Inca civilizations. Even more frequent are presentations of childhood in medieval, Roman, and Anglo-Saxon Europe. The tendency to favor cultural groups that loom large in popular consciousness or bear an ancestral relationship to contemporary Britain means that the evidence collected for this work does not represent a systematic treatment of childhood across cultures. These principle cases are balanced somewhat, however, by a comprehensive synthesis of the more accessible archaeological research on children to date, which offers a broader coverage of world areas and time periods, including prehistory.
Hide and Seek can be seen as highly successful in meeting the author's stated goals for the work, and as a collection of evidence relating to children in the past it provides a powerful case for archaeologists to consider children as important actors in past social groups. The highly descriptive nature of the work, however, limits its contributions to scholarly dialogues about childhood in archaeology, and the work does not engage critical issues of method and theory that typify the majority of the literature on this topic. As such, this work is of limited use for scholars interested in the archaeology of childhood as the case studies presented will already be familiar, and there is no new theoretical or methodological development involving these published cases.
Perhaps of greatest concern is that Hide and Seek itself falls victim to another, significant critique of many archaeological and anthropological discussions of childhood. This widely leveled critique notes that archaeologists tend to rely heavily on their own contemporary, Western understandings of childhood, which in turn limit their ability to recognize specific and unique constructions of childhood that existed only in the past. The choice of case studies that are easily analogous to contemporary ideas of childhood, and the decision to use titles and headings that reinforce culturally normative ideas of childhood, including the title "Hide and Seek" and chapter headings such as "Little Darlings" and "Suffer the Children," tends to naturalize the experience of contemporary childhood, rather than pointing to the diverse ways that childhood may have been culturally constructed in the past. More theoretical discussions on the archaeology of childhood have actively engaged the importance of de-naturalizing our own experiences of childhood, and have emphasized the need to seek emic constructions of childhood through the material record. The very nature of Hide and Seek works against this important trend in the overall literature.
In sum, Julie Wileman offers a readily accessible synthesis of published evidence for children in the past. The descriptive nature of the work and the comfortable writing style make this work particularly well suited for a popular audience, or individuals seeking illustrative material about children in the past. These strengths as a descriptive work limit its contributions to scholarly dialogues on the archaeology of childhood, and Hide and Seek does not offer readers a well-developed introduction to current theoretical and methodological conversations in the discipline.
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the list discussion logs at: _URL_
Jane Eva Baxter. Review of Wileman, Julie, Hide and Seek: The Archaeology of Childhood.
H-Childhood, H-Net Reviews.
Copyright © 2008 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact the Reviews editorial staff at _EMAIL_.


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This video gives basic information on Using the HALT "Halt Program of Task" instruction in the Do-more Designer software. It presents information that is commonly missed by users. This WILL NOT be a complete tutorial for the instruction but rather a supplement to the help file and customer experience.
Our FREE Practical Guide to Programmable Logic Controllers eBook: _URL_
This instruction is used to Halt the operation of a Program or Task code block. Typically this instruction is used by some type of supervisory code that would terminate the execution of another Program or TASK. Now I do say Task, here, and this instruction can work for task but a non-yielding Task only runs for one scan, so it would make more since to just not execute Task instead of using a Halt instruction on it. Now the Halt instruction cannot halt the operation of the Main Program.


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Researchers have found a gene in the plant Arabidopsis that could protect soybeans from diseases, like sudden death syndrome, that plague the plant.
"We think we may find that multiple genes working together will build the resistance levels…"
Madan Bhattacharyya, a professor of agronomy at Iowa State University and lead author of the study, says his current research points toward several Arabidopsis genes that could act in concert to help soybeans fight off sudden death syndrome, a disease that has caused millions of dollars in crop losses for Iowa farmers.
"We've started to map many of these genes, and we think there are many different mechanisms that work together to create resistance of Arabidopsis against two soybean pathogens," Bhattacharyya says. "We're testing a hypothesis that putting a combination of these Arabidopsis genes into soybeans confers a high level of disease resistance."
Bhattacharyya says all complex organisms, whether plants or animals, demonstrate resistance to most of the potential pathogens they encounter in their environment. Arabidopsis, a small flowering plant that serves as a good model plant in experimental settings, shows resistance to two soybean pathogens that cause sudden death syndrome and root rot, respectively.
So Bhattacharyya and his colleagues have spent years combing the genome of Arabidopsis to identify genes that might contribute to that resistance. He then uses transgenic techniques to insert likely genes into soybean plants at Iowa State's Plant Transformation Facility.
The study identifies one of those genes, called PSS1, as a means of improving soybean resistance. The transgenic soybean plants carrying this gene showed enhanced SDS resistance in two consecutive years under field conditions, Bhattacharyya says. The SDS resistance encoded by this gene will complement the natural SDS resistance, which is encoded by 40 or so genes each conditioning small amounts of resistance.
He expects incorporation of additional PSS genes together with natural SDS-resistance genes will provide soybeans robust and durable resistance. Finding the optimal combination of those genes is the current research goal of his lab, he says.
"We're hoping in the next few years to test how combinations of PSS genes affect SDS resistance," Bhattacharyya says. "We think we may find that multiple genes working together will build the resistance levels."
The Iowa Soybean Association and Consortium of Plant Biotechnology Research funded much of the early research dating as far back as 2004, Bhattacharyya says. Currently, a grant through the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the US Department of Agriculture's National Institutes of Food and Agriculture, as well as the United Soybean Board and the Iowa State agronomy department, provide funding.
The researchers report their findings in the journal Plant Physiology.
Source: Iowa State University


Department of Arabic
Department aims at promoting Arabic language and literature as it is the language of Quran and source of Muslim unity.
Its mission is to help the students develop their vision and interest; expand their understanding of the role of Arabic in their daily life and society.
So the mission of the department is to contribute effectively in the preservation of the heritage and the language of the Arab world, and introducing it to scholars in its best form. It seeks to be one of the leading Arabic language and literature departments in the Arab world.


Gifts and Donations Policy
 1. Belk Library will accept donations of books and other materials from individuals or organizations.
 2. Belk Library reserves the right to determine the disposition of any gift materials which it receives.
 3. Materials appropriate to the various collections held by the Library will be placed in those collections.
 4. Other materials will be held for the on-going book sale or be disposed of in an appropriate manner.
 5. Belk Library cannot give evaluations on donations for income tax purposes.


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Solving technical challenges to build fuel cells of the future
The STFC Hartree Centre has provided SME ACAL Energy with the supercomputing capability they required to gain a better insight into their fuel cell technology, enabling them to solve a technical performance problem.
Fuel cells are a leading contender in the battle to find green, emissions-free power sources. As a fuel, hydrogen can power almost anything, from cars to data centres. The competition with conventional engines, however, is fierce – especially when it comes to price, performance and durability.
ACAL Energy is a British chemical engineering firm with a novel patented technology that replaces most of the costly platinum catalyst used inside every PEM fuel cell. ACAL Energy's liquid catalyst is not only much cheaper than using platinum; it vastly improves the fuel cell's overall durability. This means fuel cells can now be a practical, affordable option for mass-market adoption.
At the time of the project, ACAL Energy wanted to investigate some catalyst materials' capability to react with oxygen, to see if there was an opportunity for performance improvement. With standard experimental methods in a laboratory, it would have been costly, time-consuming and difficult to evaluate a broad range of materials.
When ACAL Energy was in its R&D phase, the company collaborated with the Hartree Centre over a three–year period to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes controlling the performance of candidate catalyst materials. The aim was to reduce the number of molecules the company needed to synthesise and test as potential catalysts.
The Hartree Centre's highly-sophisticated computational simulations, which model results on an atomic scale not possible in a lab, enabled ACAL Energy to understand the in-depth chemistry involved in fuel cell performance. ACAL Energy was able to calculate redox properties of intermediate reactive stages of the chemical reactions for a range of candidate material types. This provided the company with useful insights into key properties and the reaction mechanism features that can affect the performance of their fuel cells.
ACAL Energy has made significant savings on R&D, thanks to the Hartree Centre's capabilities, which allowed the company to simulate and predict the properties of candidate catalyst molecules. As a result, ACAL Energy was able to eliminate a range of potential catalysts based on the results, and finalise the structure of FlowCath®, the company's patented liquid catalyst, in the company's own laboratory.
The added understanding ACAL Energy gained through the project is also helping the business spot potential future performance opportunities earlier than is ordinarily possible. This helped shorten the time to market for the exciting new technology, maintaining a competitive edge at a lower overall cost.
Provide your details to receive regular updates from the STFC Hartree Centre.


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(Santa Ana, CA)—When Rancho Santiago Community College District (RSCCD) Trustees visits the Santa Ana College Early Childhood Education Center on December 15, they will read aloud to children, who are students at the lab school. Following the reading, they will visit classrooms and present a gift book to each child. Included with that book will be a card which includes the following tips for reading aloud to children for parents:
- Read to children from birth-short board books are best for babies.
- Take children to the library or store to choose a book.
- Find a quiet comfortable place to read-make sure your child can see the pictures.
- Select books with great pictures and rhyming words to engage children.
- Read a variety of books, but repeat favorites.
- Use enthusiasm and expression when reading-use sounds and gestures.
- Explain some new words that your child may not have heard before.
- Alter stories by putting in your child's name.
- Read slowly to allow children to build a mental picture of the story.
- Encourage children to turn the pages of the book.
- Ask question and have children make predictions about the story.
- Limit the amount of time your children watch television; read to a child instead.
- Read every day to children—make reading a habit!
These additional resources will also be provided for parents:
For more information, please contact Janneth Linnell, RSCCD director of Child Development Services at _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_.
About Rancho Santiago Community College District
Santa Ana College and Santiago Canyon College are public community colleges of the Rancho Santiago Community College District, which serves the residents of Anaheim Hills, Orange, Santa Ana, Villa Park, and portions of Anaheim, Costa Mesa, Irvine, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, and Tustin. Both colleges provide education for academic transfer and careers, courses for personal and professional development, and customized training for business and industry.
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This article follows our article on the game theory of litigation and its "signaling events".
One such signal is unique to a party that utilises a litigation funder and discloses its presence to their opponent.
It is common in high-stakes litigation for an opportunistic defendant to adopt a dilatory strategy to frustrate the legal process and wear down a claimant through depletion of his financial resources.
They create frivolous "side shows" in the dispute that aim to obstruct the main dispute's path to court. It puts pressure on the claimant to end the litigation and accept a settlement far below the claim's true value because the main dispute becomes too expensive in time and costs to prosecute.
This strategy, however, is not a default defense. It is executed by a defendant who senses that the claimant's financial or commercial position could not sustain such attrition. It expensive to execute but its value is that it can result in a very favorable settlement.
Litigants constantly abandon or prematurely settle their litigation owing to this strategy. Individuals, SMEs, and even corporates, do not have unlimited budgets, time, and resilience to litigate against a Defendant employing a dilatory strategy. They simply cannot afford to slay this type of dragon.
To overcome such a defense, a litigant needs a funded steadfast attorney and counsel who can intelligently navigate through a series of both sophisticated and obvious traps that aim to obfuscate and delay the real issues coming to court.
Unfortunately, contesting this strategy does not come cheap and that is why such a defense is often successful.
A litigation funder brings a war chest of weapons to thwart such a defense, regardless of whether or not their presence is disclosed.
However, disclosing the funder's presence shifts the claimant's paradigm and dramatically affects how the defendant views his opponent. For this reasons, a litigant would be well served in disclosing the fact that he has a litigation funder staking his claim, although such disclosure is not mandatory in law.
The funder is an independent entity that has objectively examined the claim, determined its value and prospects, and is willing to risk its own money on the outcome of the litigation and is not concerned with its duration. A defendant's strategy to delay and frustrate now seems a futile exercise when the presence of a third-party litigation funder is disclosed.
Therefore, the veracity of disclosing a litigation funder is hugely valuable and exponentially increases the prospect of a favourable settlement.


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The Colombia: The Nature of Culture program at the 2011 Smithsonian Folklife Festival invited visitors to journey through the rich bio-cultural diversity of Colombia and explore how Colombian cultural expressions are inextricably connected to their distinctive environments.
The program highlighted six ecosystems and the urban centers of Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali. One hundred Colombian artists participated. They sang, danced, juggled, prepared food, and told stories. They wove ruanas, baskets, hats, hammocks; crafted sculptures, pots, canoes. And they demonstrated a variety of occupational processes and the ways in which their practices supported environmental sustainability. The program offered audiences a window into the country's unique cultural traditions in order to learn more about the creativity and vitality of Colombia's diverse population.
An itinerary for the journey
The journey through the Festival site was designed to begin in the (1) Andean Highlands of the eastern mountain range. Descending into the valley of the Magdalena River and the central mountain range, we traveled through the (2) Coffee Triangle. Heading north to the (3) Momposino Depression, we arrived in the lowlands of the Magdalena River, the cradle of the country's Caribbean culture. After crossing a third mountain range, we entered the (4) Pacific Rainforest, predominantly inhabited by people of African descent. A long journey to the east through the (5) Southeastern Plains took us to the ranching cultural frontier. Finally, we entered into the (6) Amazonian tropical rainforest where we explored a richly bio-diverse region inhabited by diverse indigenous communities. In Bogota, Medellín, and Cali, we examined the confluence of the primarily rural ecosystems in a Metropolitan setting.
Curator Olivia Cadaval gives an overview of the Colombia: The Nature of Culture program. Video shot and edited by Charles Weber.
Click for a detailed map of each region


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To find the x-intercepts and asymptotes of secant, cosecant, and cotangent, rewrite them in terms of sine and cosine. Notice that since secant and cosecant have 1 in the numerator and a trig function in the denominator, they can never equal zero; they do not have x-intercepts. The vertical asymptotes of the three functions are whenever the denominators are zero.
I want to talk abut the asymptotes of the reciprocal trig functions secant, cosecant and cotangent recall the identities secant equals 1 over cosine, cosecant equals 1 over sine and cotangent equals cosine over sine these will help us identify the asymptotes. Let's start with secant, notice that secant is going to be undefined when cosine equals 0 and cosines equals 0 when theta equals for example pi over 2, 3 pi over 2, 5 pi over 2 and so on. But it's also 0 at negative pi over 2, negative 3 pi over 2 and so on.
How can we say this more briefly how can we say this more efficiently? Well we could say theta equals pi over 2 plus n pi plus any integer multiple of pi. This is pi over 2 plus pi, this is pi over 2 plus 2 pi, this is pi over 2 minus 1 pi etc. So that means that secant theta is going to have vertical asymptotes when theta equals pi over 2 plus n pi. So y equals secant theta, these would be the vertical asymptotes, now what about cosecant and cotangent, notice they both have sine and in the denominator and that means they're both going to have vertical asymptotes in exactly the same places when sine theta equals 0. And of course that happens when theta equals 0 pi, 2 pi et cetera but it also happens at negative pi, negative 2 pi and so on.
And these numbers are all just integer multiples of pi so I can express this more briefly as n pi where n is an integer, and this describes the vertical asymptotes of both y equals cosecant theta and y equals cotangent theta these are the vertical asymptotes. So very important you remember when especially when you're graphing but you might be asked a question about the asymptotes just by itself. The asymptotes of cosecant and cotangent are the integers multiples of pi, the asymptotes of secant are at pi over 2 plus the integers multiples of pi.


Might and Magic Wiki
Skill levels
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Heroes IEdit
In Heroes I, there are no skills, and as such, no skill levels.
Heroes IIEdit
 1. Basic (least powerful)
 2. Advanced
 3. Expert (most powerful)
In Heroes II, all skills are unrelated.
Heroes IIIEdit
 1. Basic (least powerful)
 2. Advanced
 3. Expert (most powerful)
In Heroes III, all skills are unrelated.
Heroes IVEdit
There are 5 skill levels in Heroes IV:
 1. Basic (least powerful)
 2. Advanced
 3. Expert
 4. Master
 5. Grandmaster (most powerful)
During each level-up, player can upgrade an existing skills, or take Basic level of new skill.
There are skills with only numeric difference between levels. For example, Basic spirituality gives +20% power to Life magic spells, Advanced spirituality gives +40%, Expert spirituality gives +60% etc.
Other skills can give a hero unique abilities when developed to certain level. For example, Grandmaster melee gives a hero an additional melee attack, Grandmaster necromancy allows raising vampires from slain enemies after battle, Advanced archery gives "Ignore obstacles" ability etc.
It's not easy to develop certain skill to highest level. Skills can depend on each other, and if you want to develop one skill, you often need to develop other skills first.
Heroes VEdit
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How To Write A Fugue
A fugue is a piece of music of contrapuntal texture which is predominantly based on one theme called the subject. It's important to note that a fugue isn't really a form, it is a way of presenting a contrapuntal texture.
Consider picking up The Study of Fugue if you want the definitive comprehensive guide.
A fugue has three main sections, the Exposition, the Middle Section (sometimes referred to as the modulating section) and the Final Section. The sections in a fugue refer to contrasts in key rather than theme.
 - The exposition begins the fugue and a single voice plays the subject establishing the tonic key. Another voice enters with the answer which is the subject transposed up a perfect 5th (or down a perfect 4th) into the dominant key. As the second voice plays the answer the first voice can play either a free part against it or a counter-subject.
 - The middle section consists of entries of subject and answer in keys other than the tonic separated by episodes. An episode is a modulating link between the entries of the subject and answer to make a change from continual reiteration of the subject. They are usually based on a figure from the subject or counter-subject.
 - The final section begins where the subject or answer returns in the tonic key. The section will contain at least one entry of the subject in the tonic and will usually end with a coda (which can vary from a few notes to a few bars).
Here is an example of a fugue structure:
Fugue Infograph
During the middle and final sections, various "fugal devices" may appear. They are:
 - Stretto
 - Augmentation of the subject
 - Diminution of the subject
 - Inverse movement
Stretto occurs when entries of subject and answer overlap each other, the second beginning before the first is finished. A close stretto is one in which the overlapping is considerable.
Augmentation of the subject means statement of it in notes of greater value, usually double.
Diminution of the subject means statement of it in notes of smaller value, usually half.
Inverse movement means statement of the subject upside-down, upward intervals become downwards ones and vice versa. This is sometimes called "Inversion" but "Inverse Movement" is a preferable term since it avoids any possible confusion with inversion of subject and counter-subject.
These devices can be used in combination, e.g. the subject can appear simultaneously in Augmentation and Inverse movement (its notes are twice as long and upside-down).
Utilizing the techniques above and the example structure you'll be on your way to writing your first Fugue. In the future we'll be giving a step by step guide to writing your fugue beginning with constructing your subject. Stay tuned!
Learn anything? Please share!


Is 452 a prime number? What are the divisors of 452?
Parity of 452
452 is an even number, because it is evenly divisible by 2: 452 / 2 = 226.
Find out more:
Is 452 a perfect square number?
Thus, the square root of 452 is not an integer, and therefore 452 is not a square number.
What is the square number of 452?
The square of a number (here 452) is the result of the product of this number (452) by itself (i.e., 452 × 452); the square of 452 is sometimes called "raising 452 to the power 2", or "452 squared".
The square of 452 is 204 304 because 452 × 452 = 4522 = 204 304.
As a consequence, 452 is the square root of 204 304.
Number of digits of 452
452 is a number with 3 digits.
What are the multiples of 452?
The multiples of 452 are all integers evenly divisible by 452, that is all numbers such that the remainder of the division by 452 is zero. There are infinitely many multiples of 452. The smallest multiples of 452 are:
How to determine whether an integer is a prime number?
To determine the primality of a number, several algorithms can be used. The most naive technique is to test all divisors strictly smaller to the number of which we want to determine the primality (here 452). First, we can eliminate all even numbers greater than 2 (and hence 4, 6, 8…). Then, we can stop this check when we reach the square root of the number of which we want to determine the primality (here the square root is about 21.260). Historically, the sieve of Eratosthenes (dating from the Greek mathematics) implements this technique in a relatively efficient manner.
Numbers near 452
 - Preceding numbers: …450, 451
 - Following numbers: 453, 454
Nearest numbers from 452
 - Preceding prime number: 449
 - Following prime number: 457
Find out whether some integer is a prime number


text:
Syntactic Complexity; Grammar Theory; Interface Syntax; Clausal Embedding
The paper is organised as follows. In order to establish which kinds of parentheses should be considered 'anchored', I present a global overview in §2. This is followed by a discussion of the core properties of anchored parentheses, focusing on the relation between anchor and parenthesis, and their 'specificational' interpretation. §3discusses anchored parenthesis in the domain of parallel construal, and shows why the Kosterian colon phrase is not sufficient to account for them. In §4, I elaborate onthe structural independence of parentheticals in the context of De Vries' syntactic approach, suggesting a parenthetical version of the colon phrase to account for anchored parenthesis. §5 is a brief discussion of two implications (or: complications) of this analysis. §6 concludes the paper.


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Eccentric vs Concentric
Eccentric and Concentric are two words that are often confused in terms of their meanings and connotations. The two words are related to the contractions of the muscle. They are both types of isotonic contraction. When the muscle shortens to move a load then the muscle undergoes concentric contraction.
A bicep curl is one of the best examples of a concentric contraction. While holding a weight too, a man has to bend his elbow thereby, resulting in what is called concentric contraction. In other words, concentric contraction is all about muscular movement. The forearm gets pulled along with the weight in the case of concentric contraction.
The biceps brach would shorten its movement during the course of concentric contraction. Inefficient muscle use results in the other type of isotonic contraction called as the eccentric contraction. In short, it can be said that both concentric and eccentric type of muscle contraction is tried and practiced by the weight lifter during his workouts at the gym during body building exercises.
Hence, both these terms are associated with body building and weight lifting. If the muscle lengthens under contraction it amounts to eccentric contraction. Hence, eccentric contraction is exactly the opposite of concentric contraction. If the weight is too heavy to hold then the weight lifter feels that it is beginning to fall under control. This results in eccentric contraction.
It is important to note that the brachialis and biceps begin to contract trying to hold the extra weight. On the other hand, although the biceps try to hold the extra weight, they are unable to produce the extra force to hold the weight long, and hence, they give way resulting in eccentric contraction. These are the differences between the two words that are associated with body building and weight lifting, namely, eccentric and concentric.


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Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the East Neuk of Fife in Scotland was one of the major areas in Europe for witch trials and executions. Over 5,000 recorded trials resulted in at least 1,500 executions, an outrageous amount for a small country. Hundreds of years of conflict and natural disasters gradually took their toll on villages of the East Neuk, particularly between Edinburgh and St. Andrews. The fear of raiding Scandinavians from the east, ongoing warfare and disputes with the English in the south, and severe climatic events resulted in starvation and extreme poverty in many places, breeding intra-village paranoia, hatred, suspicion, and jealousy amongst desperate populations.
It took very little to be considered a witch; a ruined crop field, a petty argument over money, a spurned lover, or maybe the fisherman's catch was poor. What better way to gain the upper hand over another person or family than to accuse them of witchcraft?
Using an Ordnance Survey map I selected five separate grid squares within daily travel distance of the village of Pittenweem. Through a process of forensic investigation involving archival research and oral histories I uncovered witch murders within each of the squares and set out by foot, walking along and amongst the grid lines, to explore and document their gloomy tales.
Please click here for a pop-out flipbook.


Hanging wallpaper border near ceiling
If you want to get creative when updating a room, try adding wall borders as an accent. Decorative stencils or papered borders are a clever and inexpensive way to give your walls a new look.
Create a Border with Paint
Painting solid border in middle of wall
Step 1: Plan Out Your Design
There are a couple of ways to paint a border. You can paint the wall with solid colors or use stencils to create a border design.
For solid borders, there are two common approaches. If you don't have crown molding, a border can look good where the wall meets the ceiling, creating a nuanced division between the two. Borders are also often painted at, or a little higher or lower than, the middle of the wall. This creates a two-tone wall effect and can look similar to wainscoting. How you create your border though is a matter of your personal taste and imagination.
Whether you're adding a border to an existing paint color or repainting an entire wall with a border in mind, learn how to use different colors to create the effect you want. It's common to choose two shades of the same color, but you don't have to limit yourself. For a bolder effect, try contrasting colors that complement one another.
Your local True Value hardware store's Certified Color Experts can answer any questions you have about paint color and point you in the right direction, based on your preferences. Pick up a Custom Mixed Color Sample to try out different colors on your walls. You can also pick up one of our helpful Idea Cards or Trend Cards to help you choose your palette.
Stencils are typically available at decorating and craft stores or for a more custom design, you can create your own following these steps. First, find a design you like from a design or wallpaper sample book. Using a copy machine, enlarge or reduce the design as needed. Then, using a marking pen, trace the design onto a 7-mil Mylar® sheet or clear plastic or use the copier to transfer your design onto clear acetate. Because acetate and Mylar stencils are transparent, they enable you to see the previously applied colors. This makes it easier to align the pattern as you move the stencil along the surface.
Make extra copies if you are making a separate stencil for each color. This will also let you bend or cut the stencil as needed at corners. Use a craft knife to carefully cut out the image to create a template. Stack the stencils together and use a hole punch to create registration marks (see Step 4) in each corner of the stencil. These act as a guide to keep your design consistent.
Cutting custom stencil with knife blade
Helpful Tip
Bring room measurements and fabric samples with you while shopping for stencils and paints. This will keep your interior design consistent and ensure that your colors and pattern complements your existing décor.
Step 2: Outline the Border
To mark where you want the border to be placed you'll need a yardstick, a level and a pencil. If you are creating a border along the middle of the wall, measure up from the floor about 36" to 40" and place a mark on the wall. With one hand, hold the yardstick horizontally against that mark. Use your other hand to place a level along the yardstick. Adjust the yardstick until it's level, and trace a line with your pencil along the top of the yardstick. Continue creating this line in the same way across the length of the wall. A typical border at the wall/ceiling joint will be 6" to 12" wide.
Place painter's tape along your pencil lines. Score the outer edge of the tape with your fingernail or the dull edge of a small knife so the paint will not bleed under the tape.
If you're using a stencil, follow a similar process. By aligning your stencil on a guideline, you'll keep your lines straight and parallel to the ceiling and trim. If, for example, you want the bottom of the stencil border to be 12" below the ceiling line, measure down 12" from each corner and make a mark. Make additional marks on the wall as needed, and use a pencil, yardstick and level to very lightly make a guideline. Apply painter's tape outside the line, or below where the bottom of your stencil will be.
Safety Alert!
If you're working near the ceiling, use a sturdy ladder, stepstool or low scaffold. Do not use chairs or other potentially unstable structures.
Step 3: Prepare the Room
Clean the walls with warm, soapy water and a cloth. Let the surface dry for at least an hour before painting. It's best to move furniture out of the room, but if you can't, just move it away from the walls and cover with canvas drop cloths or tarps.
Helpful Tip
Canvas drop cloths stay in place better than plastic ones.
Lay drop cloths below the walls you're painting. Use masking tape to attach them to the baseboard or bottom of the wall so that they don't shift around while you're painting — this will reduce the chance of getting paint on your floor. Remove any fixtures and hardware on the walls.
Safety Alerts!
Always paint in a well-ventilated area. Open the windows to make sure you'll have proper ventilation.
Wear goggles, protective gloves and protective clothing when painting.
Step 4: Paint
If you're painting a solid-color border, start by using a large paintbrush or small roller and apply a coat of EasyCare® Ultra Premium Interior Paint within the lines of painter's tape, taking care not to paint over the tape too much. Use a small, angled paintbrush for any detail work or near corners. Allow the paint to dry completely for at least 24 hours. Apply a second coat if needed.
If working with stencils, spray mounting adhesive onto the back of the stencil and carefully align it with the guide marks you made. Place a small piece of masking tape on the surface under the registration marks. With continuous designs, you can start in any corner. If you're using a non-continuous design, plan each wall separately so the pattern stops equidistant from the ends. Center the first stencil or place it to the left or right of the centerline, whichever produces the best result.
You need to plan carefully if you are bordering a window or door. The design will need to be mitered (cut at a 45-degree angle), just like the corner of a picture frame. You want this "cut" to be made in a relatively open area in the design so any mismatch is less noticeable. Test your plan by tracing it on paper.
Using a small paintbrush with firm bristles, hold your stencil brush close to the head. Dip the brush bristles in paint and then dab or swirl it on a paper towel to evenly distribute the paint across the tips of the bristles. You don't want to overload your brush, so use minimal paint. Start from the outside and work in toward the center of the design. Do not paint outward, as this could cause your brush to catch the edge and push paint underneath the stencil. Stay vigilant about keeping the stencil's bottom side clean. Clean your stencils between placements with a damp cloth so you don't smudge your design.
Helpful Tip
If you want solid colors, consider using a mini foam paint roller, rolling out a little of the paint on paper before you roll the surface.
Carefully peel the stencil off the wall and clean off any paint. Reposition the stencil on your guideline so that the registration mark aligns with the previous registration mark. If you move to the left, the right-hand registration marks will align with the left-hand registration marks.
Border with Wallpaper
Hanging wallpaper border near ceiling
Step 1: Prepare the Room
As with painting, you need to prepare the room before you start applying a wallpaper border. Any furniture in the room should be removed or moved to the center of the room and covered with drop cloths. Cover flooring with drop cloths for protection from spills. Remove any fixtures and hardware on the walls. Also, remove any existing wallpaper from your walls using a wallpaper scraper tool and a liquid wallpaper stripper.
Step 2: Take Measurements
Measure the perimeter of your room with a tape measure first to see how much border you will need. Using a ruler or a yardstick, measure down from the ceiling to where you want the top of the border to be and place a pencil mark on the wall. Then hold up a level to this mark and trace a horizontal line along the wall. Continue this process, around the room to create a guideline. This will ensure that you hang the paper level and straight.
Step 3: Prepare the Border
Helpful Tip
Step 4: Apply Wallpaper Border
Use a stepladder to reach the ceiling. If you have a pattern that needs to be matched up, begin hanging your border in a corner. Hold the wallpaper at the horizontal line you drew and when it is centered, press the paper down. Smooth the rest of the paper onto the wall, using a smoothing brush or smoothing knife. Start from the ceiling down and from the center out. This will force out any air bubbles.
Wipe the wallpaper border with a clean damp sponge to remove any glue residue and to continue to remove any air bubbles. Make sure you rinse the sponge after each wipe. If you don't rinse it thoroughly, you could spread glue along the wallpaper. Glue spots are quite noticeable when they dry and difficult to remove.
To make your border fit crisply and evenly in corners, smooth the paper into each corner with a smoothing knife. Then, carefully


Tag "Perinaldo"
Perinaldo, the small village in the Verbone valley behind Vallecrosia, is mainly known as the birthplace of Giovanni "Gian" Domenico Cassini, a great XVII century astronomer who was chosen by "le Roi-Soleil" to supervise the Paris observatory. He was the
In the hinterland of West Liguria, 572 metres above sea level, stands Perinaldo, an ancient medieval town steeped in history and science in addition to legends balanced between magic and esotericism, the sacred and the profane. Born around the year


Worst practice in selenium automation
I have been starting to learn selenium automation in java this week. Frist I have learned how to setup selenium with eclipse I have leave my note in following link My First Selenium Project setup in java. This is not a tutorials, it is like point out something important in my way of learning. Point out related links, videos, content etc.
When I have try to read about selenium into their official website Selenium Documentation. I try to point out what is worst practice to do in automation journey. Therefor I am trying to point out the points what selenium docs said 🙂
Captchas is designed to prevent automation. Therefore do not try to automated Captchas. Hence, there are two way to avoid captchas in application
 1. Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment
 2. Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA
Two Factor Authentication
Two Factor Authentication shortly know as 2FA is a authorization mechanism where One Time Password(OTP) is generated using "Authenticator" mobile apps such as "Google Authenticator", "Microsoft Authenticator" etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate.
Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not secured as well. So, you can avoid automating 2FA.
There are few options to get around 2FA checks:
 - Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation.
 - Disable 2FA in your test environment.
 - Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.
File downloads
What is libcurl? Libcurl is the multiprotocol file transfer library.
HTTP response codes
For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.
Selenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user. This is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test's failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.
The browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to "fail fast" when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser's error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.
Checking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver's ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user's view of the website.
If you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behavior of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.
Gmail, email and Facebook logins
For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.
The ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change, whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.
Logging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.
WebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant (how well) also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.
Denial-of-service attackIn computing, a denial-of-service attack is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.
Test dependency
A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.
Performance testing
Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable, but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.
It may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.
The other potential attraction is "saving time" — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.
To improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript), in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, that provide reporting and analysis, and can even make improvement suggestions.
Example (open source) packages to use are: JMeter
What can I do with JMeter?
Link spidering
Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice. Not because it cannot be done, but because WebDriver is definitely not the most ideal tool for this. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds, up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.
Instead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods do not rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tones of time by not using WebDriver for this task.
Beautiful Soup is a Python package for parsing HTML and XML documents. It creates a parse tree for parsed pages that can be used to extract data from HTML, which is useful for web scraping.
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The Secrets To Why Diversity in Friendships Matters
We Should all Strive for Diversity in our Friendships
Female friends from different backgrounds from Unsplash
I am a big advocate for diversity, whether it's who you are around at your place of employment, or the ones you spend your time with socially. It can be easy to develop groups of friends, that consist of people who are very similar to us such as gender, race, religion, culture, and much more. All with a sense of unawareness. However, there are so many benefits to having a diverse group of friends.
Friends make great teachers. You can learn different languages, other cultures, a variety of experiences that people of different races and religions may encounter, different traditions, and differing viewpoints, just by spending quality time with someone from a different background. Even more, you can teach them things as well. All it takes is one discussion with a friend, and you can gain so much information on a specific culture.
When you make friends with people from different cultures or religions you will soon see, many stereotypes actually proved to be false.
Having a diverse group of friends can teach you how to accept people who have different views than you and to learn to seek out different ideas. Having friends from different backgrounds will also teach you to love people for who they are. You will become aware of your own subconscious prejudices and be forced to address them. In addition, you will develop a connection to people who have different struggles of their own. When it is a friend that has faced discrimination, you are more likely to become aware of how the discrimination affects them on a deeper level. You will have a personal connection to it and be more invested in solving issues than others.
There are many ways to diversify your group of friends, especially if you live in an area that is a melting pot. Try reaching out to people from different races, religions, and countries. You can do so, either in person or via social media, by simply finding others that you share similar interests or hobbies with and start a conversation.
When you start doing that, you will find that you and your friends complement each other and that you have similar, if not the same goals and values. Even if your continents are apart more often than not. You'll start to think we're not so different, and the differences that we do have are good because it helps us to grow.
Another reason for having a diverse friend group inside and outside of work is that it will help you perform better at work. You will be more likely to value diversity in the workplace as well as, studies have shown that diversity in the workplace improves productivity and improves employee problem-solving abilities.
It is for this reason, that I started the Multicultural Sisters Society. It is a group I started on Facebook consisting of women 18-30 years-old from all backgrounds. Connecting them to each other, to provide networking, mentoring, and community building opportunities all over the globe. We support each other and share experiences with each other as friends.
If you get a chance to join a club or organization that focuses on connecting with different backgrounds, I highly recommend it for the opportunity to diversify your friend group. It's never boring.
You might also like...
Solving Conflicts Around Race and Ethnicity in the Workplace
by Linda Devonish-Mills CMA, CPA, CAE, MBA
Lived Experience Creates More Effective Boards of Directors
by Amy Neumann
Diversity and Inclusion, Building Ideas and Growing From Within. A Brief Review.
by Roberta Pryor


French Word of the Day: Croque-mort
French Word of the Day: Croque-mort
The word croque-mort may be one of the most off-putting in the French language, and no one seems to agree on its origins. Since its case is yet to be settled, here is everything you need to know to choose your side.
What do I need to know croque-mort?
Being a croque-mort is a job like any other else and you may have to call upon one someday. Behind this ill-omened term, stories on how it was born continue to have French people debating.
So what does it mean?
A croque-mort is another word for employé des pompes funèbres – undertaker, or literally translating to 'dead-biter'. Il est croque-mort, ça doit être déprimant comme métier. – He is an undertaker; it must be such a depressing job.
The term is slightly casual, so if you were talking to someone recently bereaved about funeral arrangements it might be better to use the more formal employé des pompes funèbres, but you won't insult someone if you use this to describe their work.
The most commonly spread legend on the origin of the word is also regarded as the least accurate of all.
A long time ago – possibly starting from the Middle Ages but no one knows for sure – undertakers supposedly had to bite the dead person's big toe to make sure they really were deceased. If there was no reaction, then the person could be buried.
Other possible origins
While this quirky story is very popular among the French, two more plausible explanations have surfaced.
During the plague epidemics of the Middle Ages, survivors would use un croc de boucher – a meat hook – to drag bodies towards mass graves. The ending c is usually silent, but if pronounced, croc will sound like croque. This could have easily led to the creation of a word such as croque-mort.
Even the Académie Française, acting as the official guardian of the French language, has its take on the subject. According to the official body, the misunderstanding comes from the double meaning of the verb croquer.
Though little used in this sense, croquer can also mean'steal' or'make something disappear'. Sa soeur a croqué tout l'héritage! – Her sister stole the entire inheritance!
The word croque-mort would then simply take its origins on the image of someone'stealing' people in the fashion of the Reaper, or making them disappear by burying them.
For more French words or expressions, head to our French word of the day section.
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Vocalisation has been recognised as one of the important modes of animal communication. In one anabantoid fish, the croaking gourami Trichopsis vittata, both sexes produce loud, croaking sounds during agonistic encounters and courtship. It is known that sound emission of this fish is mostly involved with the ritualised portion of the contest, which is likely to convey information between the opponents about their respective strength and status. The sound is produced by a complex mechanism that involves two modified tendons, located behind each pectoral fin. Due to the external position of these soft structures, parasites, sickness, or injury from fights can easily damage the tendons, leading to muteness. Reduction or even loss of the croaking ability may result in a substantial decreasing of the overall fitness. Experiments were designed to test whether or not croaking gouramis can repair damaged tendons and regain fully functional sound producing organs, as well as to evaluate the effect of muting and recovery on the outcomes of agonistic interactions. Fishes were muted by surgically cutting one or both the tendons that connect the "sonic'' muscle with the fin rays. The occurrence and timing of recovery was evaluated for 30 specimens of T. vittata after surgical muting. Croaking sounds produced by the fish were recorded during staged contests after recovery. Sound from each specimen was previously recorded before and after muting as well, for comparison. The elapsed time of reconnection of each tendon to the relative fin ray was also recorded. Some fishes were found to recover completely within less than 30 days, while others needed up to three months. However, evidence for the beginning of the recovery process was noticed as early as 4 days after operation. Behavioural performance after recovery was normal. Details of sounds produced and changes of behavioural repertoires are discussed (supported by National Organization for Hearing Research, NIMH-58198, Institute of Museum and Library Service-LL90187).
Nicola Novarini, Tomonari Akamatsu & Hong Y. Yan (2002). Effects of muting and recovery on sound production in the croaking gourami Trichopsis vittata (Pisces: Anabantoidei) [abstract]. Bioacoustics 13(2): 202-203


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LOCAL 12 - Search Results
Social Media Used to Send Positive Message: _TAG_
BETHEL, Ohio (Adam Clements) -- Social Media can be a source of negativity and vicious bullying.
But now tri-state schools hope to use that same social media to spread positive messages to students. Local 12's Adam Clements gives us a look at a special initiative from the coalition for a drug free greater Cincinnati called, Your Live, Your Choice."
Ten years ago, if you got caught in class with a cell phone it usually meant a one way ticket to the principals office. In today's tech savvy world things like iPads and cell phones are actually encouraged, when they can be used for good.
Principal Susen Arn says it's a perfect way to reach her students in a language they can all understand.
Each day students at Bethel Tate High School will be given a message like this one, Be yourself, an original is worth more than a copy. They're encouraged to share that message on Facebook and twitter with the hashtag, _TAG_
Topics range from drugs and alcohol to how the students treat one another. A school administrator can only preach positivity so much. Susen says when her students hear the message from their peers, that's when she knows it's working.
Students who repost the positive message with the hashtag _TAG_ can actually win cash prizes. The program lasts through next Friday.
Watch video HERE
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of calcium carbonate, in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.-In zoology:...
An epiphragm is a temporary structure which can be created by many species of shelled, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. It can also be created by freshwater snails when temporary pools dry up....
in order to seal the opening of the shell.
This species is listed in IUCN red list
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, founded in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species...
as Least Concern. It is found at _URL_
is threatened by continuous habitat destructions and drainage, usually less threatened by commercial collections. There were many unsuccessful attempts to establish the species in various parts of England, Scotland and Ireland; it only survived in natural habitats in southern England, and is threatened by intensive farming and habitat destruction. It is of lower concern in Switzerland and Austria, but in many regions there are restrictions on commercial collecting.
In popular culture
In the 2005 film What Is It?
What Is It? is the name of a 2005 dramatic film written, starring, funded and directed by Crispin Hellion Glover. It is described by IMDb as "The adventures of a young man whose principal interests are snails, salt, a pipe, and how to get home...
several of these snails appear: some die by crushing, others by salting.
Roumyantseva E. G. & Dedkov V. P. (2006). "Reproductive properties of the Roman snail Helix pomatia
L. in the Kaliningrad Region, Russia". Ruthenica 15
: 131-138. abstract


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Teaching Associate Professor, Biology
Kansas State University
Featured faculty for the following modules:
Dr. Rhodes is featured in ACUE's modules: Using Concept Maps and Other Visualization Tools and Using Student Achievement and Feedback to Improve Your Teaching.
As a multidisciplinarian, Rhodes teaches both introductory and senior-level Biology and Physiology courses at Kansas State University while simultaneously investigating the impacts different curricular methods have on learning and retention within these STEM subjects. Her research specifically focuses on methods to improve course experiences for low prior knowledge learners as well as students who are less likely to pursue and remain in STEM degree fields. In addition, Rhodes works with other educators in a variety of settings to help them improve their pedagogical approaches in ways that are most effective for their students.


From the Wikipedia page on the trolley problem:
enter image description here
What are the legal aspects of finding yourself in a train yard in the United States when this happens? Is it a crime to pull the lever? Is it a crime to not pull the lever? Does it depend on if you're professionally qualified to pull the lever?
 - Note that the situation is highly artificial both in the assumed omniscience (there will be n1 vs. n2 deaths) and in the assumed dichotomy of options. How about: since you are anyways (almost) omniscient and able to act correctly under great stress, you pull the lever at exactly the right time to derail the trolley. Or, you pull the other lever that puts in the safety derail. Or, you get scared stiff and are anyways unable to do anything. As soon as you are able again to act, you call rescue. Aug 4 '20 at 9:44
Doing nothing is legally safer than doing something, but you're not without hope if you pull the lever. Although you'll likely have committed murder or at least manslaughter, case law is littered with lenience in exigent circumstances, even where convictions have been affirmed.
Because this is a philosophical problem, there are plenty of opinions from that perspective, but not so many from a legal standpoint.
Let's assume that you're an innocent bystander, (not an employee of the railway company or the train company, etc) and have no duty to act.
If you do nothing, then it is unlikely that you would be charged with a crime - you had no duty to fulfill, and therefore not negligent. There's little doubt that not pulling the lever is the safer option.
More interesting is when you choose to pull the lever - then it's probable that you would have charges of murder, or at least manslaughter, brought against you by the state. What defenses does the law offer?
Let's assume that you are aware that pulling the lever will kill a person.
The primary defence is a legal principle of necessity: where your criminal actions are not protected or excluded by some other statute or principle, the fact that you were obliged to take this action in order to prevent some greater harm may safeguard you from penalties.
There are certain elements of necessity:
 1. That you did not create the danger that caused you to commit the crime;
 2. That you ceased the criminal activity as soon as practicably possible;
 3. That you had no reasonable alternative; and
 4. The harm that you prevented was greater than the harm that you caused.
I see such a defense only possibly falling over on (4), where the prevented and caused harm, in the case of human lives, are inherently very subjective.
Unfortunately, each state has different rulings regarding the threshold for evidence of this defense.
One of the most famous cases where necessity was attempted as a defense to murder, with remarkable parallels to this hypothetical, is that of R v Dudley and Stephens:
 - A crew of four found themselves on a lifeboat at sea with no food and no water, and with no prospect of rescue.
 - One of them was a child (Parker) and was nearing death and unconscious.
 - Two of them (Dudley and Stephens), after some discussion over drawing lots, decided that the child would be killed before his natural death, in order that his blood be better preserved for drinking.
 The last crew member, Brooks, was silent on the matter.
 - After killing Parker, Dudley, Stephens and Brooks fed on Parker's body.
 - During the trial, the matter of necessity as a defense to murder was considered.
 - The judges found that there was no common law defence of necessity to murder, and Dudley and Stephens were sentenced to death with a recommendation for mercy.
 - The Home Secretary commuted their sentences to six months' imprisonment.
This case concerns essentially the choice you're making in the trolley problem: either the four crew members were going to die, or one of them would definitely die and the others might live. It's easy to say that they should have just waited, but they didn't have the benefit of hindsight.
It's also a great example of a situation where although the law says one thing, it doesn't align with our morals and ethics, and while it's a UK case, I would wager that almost every lawyer in common law countries would have heard about it.
 - Note: in some (most? all?) states, intentional homicide can never be justified under necessity.
 – cpast
 Aug 5 '15 at 3:06
 - _USER_ I'm aware that necessity isn't a defense to murder, but even manslaughter? Also, do you mean intentional as "deliberate" or "premeditated"?
 – jimsug
 Aug 5 '15 at 3:15
 - _USER_ I think manslaughter is state-by-state, but I'm not so sure throwing the switch would be manslaughter. "Intentional" means "some actual statutes say 'intentional,'" but I think they mean "deliberate" (i.e. murder)
 – cpast
 Aug 5 '15 at 3:21
 - 3
 Interesting. I mean, clearly law and ethics aren't always on the same page. For instance, consider R v Dudley and Stephens - the accused were convicted and sentenced to death, in spite of their necessity defence; their sentences were commuted. Similarly in U.S. v Holmes, the court substituted manslaughter for murder as a result of a defence that included necessity.
 – jimsug
 Aug 5 '15 at 4:23
 - 1
 The R v Dudley and Stephens is very interesting and relevant. You should add a brief a description to the answer or at least a wiki link. I'll propose an edit at some point but I need to eat and get some other stuff done so you might beat me to it. Aug 7 '15 at 2:20
A perspective for the Czech Republic:
You are probably safe either way.
If you don't pull the lever, you might be guilty of Failure to provide help, but that requires you to be able to "provide help without any danger for self or another". Clearly, helping here endangers somebody, so you are not required to help.
If you pull the lever, you might be guilty of Murder, but the qualifications for dire need state that: If you commit a crime in order to prevent a danger, you are not guilty as long as you didn't cause a harm of the same magnitude or greater than the one you prevented. Regardless of philosophical discussions, I believe the law considers the death of multiple persons a worse outcome than the death of a single person (we can infer this from the fact that a more serious penalty is prescribed for a man who kills two people simultaneously than for a man who kills only a single person). Because pulling the lever kills one and prevents the death of five, you are causing lesser harm than would have occurred initially.
It doesn't matter whether you're professionally qualified to pull the lever. What might matter is whether you knew what pulling the lever would cause as you pulled it.
 - the law clearly considers the death of multiple persons a worse outcome than the death of a single person I would query this assertion. I'm not aware of any criminal system where someone can be convicted of multi-murder, rather than X acts/counts of murder. Although the outcome might be the same, the premise for your assertion just doesn't exist in the latter case. I could be wrong, though.
 – jimsug
 Aug 10 '15 at 6:58
 - Behold the Czech penal code: "Murder. (1) Who kills another person [...] will be punished by ten to eighteen years in prison. [...]" and "(3a) By imprisonment for fifteen to twenty years shall be punished whoever commits the crime described in (1) or (2) on two or more persons." The killing of multiple persons is a single crime, albeit a more serious one. Aug 10 '15 at 19:04
 - Wait, so if you kill three people your total sentence is less than that of three people who killed one person each? That makes it seem a lot like multiple lives are less valued.
 – jimsug
 Aug 10 '15 at 20:24
 - There's a range and other factors are taken into consideration. But you're right that the inference that multiple lives are more valued is not clear. I'll reword my answer. Aug 11 '15 at 8:09
You're better off from a legal perspective to do nothing.
My answer is solely based on this Wikipedia article I found.
Which says:
The details of good Samaritan laws/acts vary by jurisdiction, including who is protected from liability and under what circumstances.[23] Not all jurisdictions provide protection to laypersons, instead protecting only trained personnel, such as doctors or nurses and perhaps also emergency services personnel such as trained police, fire and EMS workers.
Common features: In some jurisdictions, unless a caretaker relationship (such as a parent-child or doctor-patient relationship) exists prior to the illness or injury, or the "good Samaritan" is responsible for the existence of the illness or injury, no person is required to give aid of any sort to a victim.
Ethics, morality and law usually comport. But not always.
I think you have successfully recognized a scenario in which the law, if followed to the letter, results in a suboptimal moral outcome. Maybe one could argue one


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Our uniform consists of royal blue sweatshirt, jumper or cardigan - this should be bought from the academy or direct from one of our named suppliers (Uniformity in Norton or Motif-8 in Stockton) - and the following:
- Grey or black skirt, trousers or shorts
- White or pale blue polo shirt, shirt or blouse
- Summer dress of blue and white checks
- No jeans or track suits and no polo shirts or trousers in other colours
- All school clothing must be named
- Please ensure that children wear black sensible shoes, which are safe to run around the playground in (not trainers)
All children must have a PE Kit in school on those days when their class are due to take a PE lesson. All classes display the days when they have PE. The PE kit includes:
- a Frederick Nattrass blue T-shirt;
- dark plain shorts;
- and gym shoes for indoor or trainers for outdoor.
As part of the school Health & Safety Policy children are only allowed to wear stud earrings. A watch is permitted.
Other jewellery such as bracelets, necklaces, and other earrings are not permitted. The school is not responsible for any jewellery lost, stolen or damaged on school property. This includes watches.


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Canada, Mexico, United States Consider Energy Efficiency Cooperation Plan
North America may work together towards a new energy efficiency plan.
In 2001, the North American Energy Work Group (NAEWG) was formed, then in 2006 the North American Energy Security Initiative (NAESI) followed, now government officials are talking about a new level of intra-continental cooperation.
The plan, put forward by NAEWG, will focus on energy efficiency, as it is one of the easiest and least expensive ways to reduce energy use, while at the same time reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
NAEWG's plan calls for cooperation between Mexico, the United States and Canada and this month the discussions among the group embers are expected to increase.
"This will make life easier for manufacturers of appliances, lighting products and electrical equipment," an U.S. Energy Department official said.
The U.S. Energy Star
program will be one of the principal focuses of this new plan. Energy Star is a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy that is designed to save money and protect the environment through energy efficient products and practices.
Other focuses are, sharing vehicle fuel-economy and other transportation-efficiency technologies among the three countries and integrating all three energy systems to increase savings, new technology and trade.
Biofuels, hydrogen, clean coal and carbon capture and storage will also be under consideration by NAEWG.
Does this sound like an effective approach to global climate change to you? Or does it sound like a way to move product? Or another approach to free trade within North America?


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Discolored Leaves of Peace Lily
My peace lily is not doing well. The leaves are discolored and the plant just doesn't seem to be getting bigger. Any ideas?
Peace lilies are very intolerant of dry soil. Make sure the soil stays moist but not soggy wet. Once allowed to go dry the plant will wilt, recover when watered and do this several times before showing signs of stress. Moisture stressed plants have yellow and brown leaf edges and sometimes spots.
On the other extreme, overwatering can lead to leaf spot fungal disease. This often happens when plants are allowed to sit in water that collects in the saucer or when plants are moved to a much larger container. The increased soil volume holds more moisture and can increase the risk of root rot. This fungal disease not only kills roots but can cause brown spots to develop on the leaves with minimal or no browning on the leaf edges. Adjust your watering frequency and solve either one of these problems..
Spider mite feeding starts as a bronzing that can eventually lead to wilting and browning of the leaves. A strong blast of water will help dislodge these. Several weekly applications of insecticidal soap will help control these pests. Just make sure this is the problem before treating.


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Why Now? - If the Occoquan Dam has been there for 50 years, why are you just now installing a siren system?
Great question! We have installed the sirens for two reasons. First, because of changing regulatory requirements, our regulatory agency - the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission - has suggested that we install a sound-related system to inform people downstream of the dam in the extremely unlikely event of a dam structural failure. The second reason is that when we worked with the communities closest to the dam, namely the Town of Occoquan, it was the Town's feeling that a siren system would be the most effective and desired form of communication to alert people to the extremely unlikely event of a dam failure.
How strong is the dam?
Very strong. The structural integrity of the Occoquan Dam is very sound. In fact, through rigorous maintenance and improvements, it is even stronger today than when it was constructed. The dam is approximately 72 feet tall and 70 feet wide at its widest point. It is anchored to the bedrock below the bottom of the dam and to the sides of the reservoir. It contains more than 100,000 cubic yards of reinforced concrete. That is equivalent to:
What does the siren sound like?
You can hear what the siren sounds like by clicking here.
What if I have other questions that I can not find the answer to here?
You can direct any further questions you may have to Fairfax Water's Public Affairs Department by email. Please click here to submit a question.