Transition Into Educational Consulting
6 steps to getting started as a fullor part-time educational consultant: learn how to share your teaching expertise and get paid for it!
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If you've read my article Becoming an Educational Consultant and are asking yourself, "How do I get started?" then the advice here is exactly what you need.
I'm Angela. I've been an educational consultant since 2009, conducting workshops and instructional coaching in schools, publishing teaching books, and creating curriculum resources. Check out the About Angela page for more info.
6 steps for transitioning into consulting
I've created an 18 module online course which includes a 100 minutes of video, a transcript, note-taking guide, and an audio-only version so you can listen and re-listen while exercising, driving, or getting things done around the house. In these resources, I share:
 - 6 steps for transitioning into fullor part-time educational consulting
 - How consulting and instructional coaching can go hand in hand
 - Your first actionable step which you should start today
 - How to build your social media presence (even if you're working from scratch)
 - Strategies for networking and growing your following
 - Ways to create passive income so you get paid even when you're not consulting
What this course is (and isn't)
Keep in mind: Consulting is a VERY personal journey, and everyone's path is different. You will need to follow your own vision as you go through each of these steps.You will also need to do your own research to put the steps into practice. For example, one of the steps is creating a blog/website. I can't walk you through the process of creating a blog: that would take hours, and there's a ton of information that has already been shared about that online.
What I CAN do through this course is tell you all the stuff that ISN'T all over the web: when in this journey you will need the blog, why you need the blog, and how to use your blog to establish yourself as an expert in your niche, sell your products/services, and book more clients. The steps are a framework to help you get your business game plan together. As you reach each step, you will need to rely on your own independent, entrepreneurial spirit to determine how the step will fit into YOUR unique business model.
Your questions answered!
After explaining the six steps for becoming a consultant/coach, I spend the last 50 minutes of the course answering frequently-asked questions, including:
 - How to find freelance work for an existing educational consulting or coaching firm
 - How much to charge for coaching and educational consulting services*
 - How to figure out if there's a demand for your expertise & whether your services are valuable
 - How to "do it all" and what it really means to be an entrepreneur
*I also share how much I charge for my services and the going rates in the industry—this is information you cannot find anywhere online. Trust me, I've looked!
Eh, I like free stuff. Why pay for a course?
This is NOT a formal training program. This is simply a video of me sharing my experience and advice with you. The tone and format is casual: it's exactly what you'd hear if we sat down for a cup of coffee in my living room and you asked to pick my brain for awhile.
So why pay for something so simple? Because everything I am sharing in this course is information that took me years to figure out through experience and networking with other consultants. This is not advice that you can just Google. It's information that many educational consultants aren't willing to talk about publicly online: I had to learn just about everything the hard way, through trial and error.
So, you are not paying for a COURSE: you are paying for the VALUE you will get from it. That's a foundational principle of consulting (and the reason why consultants get paid so much): people are never compensating you for your time, they are paying for the value you will add to their organization. It might take ten seconds for a consultant to share a piece of information that inspires transformative practices or nets thousands in sales.
This course provides real value. I am confident of that. The information I am sharing here will save you an immeasurable amount of time, energy, and anxiety over whether you can actually monetize your passion and propel your work to the next level. This information will help you work full or part time in educational consulting where you can earn tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars.
If you are serious about making the transition into educational consulting/instructional coaching or you feel like you need to know what's really involved before you pursue that career, you have to be willing to invest in your business and yourself. This is the information that will help you devise your game plan and make the transition. Take the leap and start sharing your message with the world!
What you get with this course
You can buy a single user license (i.e. unlimited personal use of) the following resources. You will receive:
 - An 18 module online course with a total of 1 hour and 40 minutes of video
 - A streamable and downloadable 1 hour 40 minute audio-only version (MP3, playable in iTunes)
 - A 31 page PDF transcript so you can easily skim and reference the information shared
 - An 8 page note-taking guide to organize your thoughts and questions as you watch
 - Links to resources mentioned in the video
Your access to these resources will never expire. If you have any difficulty playing the video or audio on your devices, you can contact me via email for support, and I will work with you until you're able to access them.
Your Instructor
Angela Watson
Angela Watson
As founder of Due Season Press and Educational Services, she works as an instructional coach and speaker/presenter. She has been sharing teaching ideas on The Cornerstone For Teachers blog since 2003 (reaching over 8 million visits each year), and hosts Angela Watson's Truth for Teachers podcast, where she provides weekly encouragement and inspiration to teachers around the world.
Angela also creates curriculum resources and five books for teachers, including the best selling title "Unshakeable: 20 Ways to Enjoy Teaching Every Day...No Matter What."
Her most recent venture is the The 40 Hour Teacher Workweek Club, a subscription-based service that is currently helping over 30,000 teachers achieve work/life balance.
Frequently Asked Questions
When does the course start and finish?
How long do I have access to the course?
What if I am unhappy with the course?
Here's what teachers are saying:
"You have made me feel encouraged and inspired. I wasn't sure if consulting was something I would be able to do, but you really helped me see what my strengths are and how I can utilize them in my business." –Gary, Marietta, GA
"We are selling more teaching products than ever before! Thank you SO much for showing us how to spread the word about our resources. You made it sound like a really simple and mangeable process and it actually has been! I can't tell you what a big difference this has made in our website traffic, too. Thank you again!" –Kristy, Philadelphia, PA
"Your transitioning into educational consulting video was so inspirational. It made me feel like I can definitely do this. I am excited to begin my journey!" --Jennifer, Spokane, WA
Get started now!


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Emotions play a significant role in our decision-making. It goes beyond intuition as an emotional state when deciding also contributes to the final verdict given. We let go when we are happy and often get super annoyed over little things when we are already stressed out. Emotions reflect in our behaviors and actions, thus the need to trigger the right emotions.
Let's face it straight away – every graphic designer experiences emotional burnout at some point in his/her career. As a matter of fact, it's a widespread problem that affects professionals in all fields of work.
What does it mean to create a design that satisfies a person on an emotional level? That is a pretty loaded question, yet fair enough for those that are aiming to improve on the quality of their project outputs. Some would say it is the aesthetic factor that reels people in. Others would counter that by saying the emotional effect is due more to the way the website works. The truth would be a mixture of both. Read on to find out some Tips To Create Emotionally Satisfying UX Designs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Ireland Facts: Irish Words and Meanings Explained
Search Ireland Fun Facts:
Lots of modern expressions originated in old Ireland. Here's an explanation of where some of them came from, and some modern words that related to very old Gaelic words.
Handfasting is an ancient Celtic custom, once practiced in Ireland and Scotland, where a bride and groom came together at the start of their marriage. Their hands (their wrists, actually) were literally tied together. The term "tying the knot" as a description of getting married traces to this custom.
- Some historians believe the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas" originated in 16th century Ireland and England. It was supposedly designed to help young Christians remember Church teachings, at a time when Catholicism was strictly outlawed in both countries. The "partridge in a pear tree" represents Jesus, the "two turtle doves" represent the old and new
testaments, and the twelve days are the days between Christmas and the Epiphany. Some argue, however, that the song originated in France.
- IRELAND FACTS: WHERE TO DRINK IN PRIVATE..."The Snug" is a small private room in older, traditional Irish pubs, often favored by ladies.
- The term "Emerald Isle" first appeared in a poem called "Erin," written in 1795 by William Drennan.
"Sean-Nos" is a highly ornamental style of a capella (no instrumental accompaniment) singing that came mainly from the west Galway region, and which is still practiced by many Celtic singers today. Sean Nos translates, literally, into "old style."
- In the 17th century, a command to "Hang the harpers wherever found" was given by Queen Elizabeth, who wanted to extinguish all aspects of Irish culture.
"Hibernia" is the name ancient Romans called Ireland. It may come from the word "hibernus," which simply translates as "wintry." Some, however, say it comes "Ivernia," a latin version of "Erin," Ireland's mythological name. The Romans never managed to make Ireland a part of their empire.
Irish Naming Patterns
In case you're wondering which relative to name your kids after, here are the traditional naming patterns from old Ireland:
1st son: Named after father's father / 1st daughter after mother's
2nd son: named after mother's father / 2nd daughter after father's mother
3rd son: named after the father / 3rd daughter after the mother
4th son: named after father's eldest brother / 4th daughter after mother's eldest
- Though it's only one of many theories, there are those who believe the term "put the kabash" on something comes from an old Irish phrase "cie bais," which means "cap of death."
- IRELAND FACT: DEADLY CASTLES...Irish castles and town houses often have a lobby inside the front door called a "murder hole," with an opening in the ceiling that defenders could use to shoot at or pour hot liquids onto unwanted guests.
The term "hillbilly" was first used in America to describe the immigrants from Northern Ireland, mostly Presbyterian, who came in the 18th century. The name had been attached to them back in Ireland since the 1600's, when southern Irish catholics started calling Protestant supporters of King William "hillbillys" or "billy boys."
The Phrase "by hook or by crook" allegedly comes from a military campaign by English bad guy Oliver Cromwell, who in 1649 planned to attack Waterford by taking ships around Hook Head or marching through the village of Crooke. Some say Richard DeClare, Earl of Pembroke first used the expression to describe his invasion way back in 1170. Cromwell failed,
while DeClare succeeded in capturing Waterford.
- "Fianna Fail," the name of Ireland's ruling party, means "Soldiers of Destiny" in English.
- A jaunting car is a traditional Irish horse-drawn vehicle with two wheels, which can carry four passengers and is driven by a man called a "jarvey."
- A "planxty" is a song composed for a specific patron.
"English follows the roads" (leanann an Bearla an tearr) was a popular expression in Ireland's rural west during the early 1800's. It referred to the large-scale building of new roads (and whole towns) in the countryside, which brought more English-speaking people to areas where only Irish language had been spoken previously.
- "Beyond the pale," an expression used to describe outrageous behavior, originated in Ireland in the 14th century. The Pale was the area of Ireland under heavy British control. People living in areas outside it were considered wild and outlandish.
- A "Slane" is a long, slim blade used for cutting turf.
"Black Irish" people, who have black hair and swarthy skin, are thought to descend from sailors of the Spanish Armada, who came ashore when two of their ships were wrecked off Spanish Point (County Clare) in 1588. Read "Solitude on Spanish Point
- The word "slogan" comes from the Irish sluagh-ghairm, which means "war cry."
- The ball used in the game of hurling is called a sliothar (slit-or). The stick players carry is called a "hurl," or "hurley" and the wide part at the top of the stick is called the "boss." Carrying the sliothar on the boss while running along is called "soloing." Read "An American Goes Hurling
The common prefixes of "Mac" and "O" in Irish family names translate, respectively, into "son of..." and "grandson of..." in Gaelic.
- The word "galore" comes from the Irish go leor, which means "enough" or "plenty."
The Gaelic way of saying "Merry Christmas" is "Nollaig Shona Duit." The pronounciation is "null-ig hun-a dit."
- The rocky region in County Clare known as "The Burren" is one of few "karst" areas (a limestone area covered with caves, fissures and underground streams), so named for a similar area in Slovenia. The Burren is famous for its explosion of windflowers in springtime.
- Until recent times, Irish farmers called a young pig a "bonnif," a term also used by farmers in Newfoundland.
Good, low-cost online degree programs

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


1. Math
 2. Advanced Math
 3. x tx1 x1 2...
Question: x tx1 x1 2...
Question details
For which initial value problems can the Fundamental Existence and Uniqueness Theorem 1.1 be applied and for which can it not be applied? Explain your answer. In each case, what do you conclude about the initial value problem?x' = (t-x)-1, x(-1) = 2
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Sunday, 5 August 2007
Victoria's Riflebird, Ptiloris victoriae, (named for Queen Victoria) is one of three Riflebirds occurring in Australia. They are so named because it is said the "call", such as it is, sounds like a discharging rifle. To me it sounds more like a loud squawk of the Spotted Catbird. The birds are primarily fruit-eaters and visit the bird feeder often where they eat bananas, raisins and other fruits in season. The decurved beak is used to pry insects from tight places. Adult males are spectacular with their black iridescent plumage that glistens metallic green and blue when they fly. The feathers produce a peculiar sound when they fly reminiscent of the crumpling of cellophane. Their courtship displays are elaborate as are those of their northern cousins and they sometimes display in the vegetation adjacent to the feeder. The birds are not monogamous. The nest is a small bowl and is often decorated with snake skins. Females and subadult males are brown streaked. These photos were taken at our feeder by noted wildlife photographer Gary Wilson.
Everett, M. 1987. Birds of Paradise. Chartwell Books, Secausus, New Jersey (Reprinted). 144 Pp.


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The town's history
Although written differently, Tölz was mentioned for the first time in the records of 1180. In 1331, it was granted extensive "Marktrechte", e.g. the right to hold a market. In the 13th and 14th century many workshops (e.g. limeburners and raftsmen) settled in this area. A great fire destroyed large parts of the town in 1453, but with generous noble support reconstruction soon began. Thanks to the location at the river Isar, the rafting and also brewery trade the town soon flourished. 22 breweries could be counted in 1721. Tölz became also famous for arts and crafts with the beautiful coloured chests, cases and beds. In 1845, iodine was found close to Tölz. Therefore, market town Markt Tölz became Bad (= the German word for spa resorts) in 1899. In 1906, it was recognized as town and in 1969 it got the rating "Heilklimatischer Kurort", which means that its climate is beneficial to health. What is more, in 2005, it also got the title "Moorheilbad", that means it is acknowledged as mineral and medicinal mud-bath spa.
The town's coat of arms
The town's coat of arms.
The town's flag with the colours black and gold.


How is sacred sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening happening on the planet affecting women in business? The following video addresses the connection between the trinity of sacred sexuality, spirituality, and business connected through the Divine Feminine:
Sacred Sexuality and the Divine Feminine Awakening in Business
How does the Divine Feminine impact yourself as an entrepreneur?
How does sacred sexuality and Twin Flame impact your biz?
Dr Amanda Noelle


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Overview - CONNECTIONS IN THE WORKPLACE TEACHER GUIDE
Give Transitioning Students a Head Start on Workplace Social Skills.
Explore relevant on-the-job social situations in an illustrated short story format.
The 216-page, full-color book has 35 stories that follow the on-the-job experiences of characters Maria and Jerome. Each four-page story is followed by a student activity page and vocabulary exercises. Topics cover cell phone etiquette, social behavior, and more.
The 155-page, black-and-white book provides additional worksheets that assess comprehension, vocabulary, and understanding of the social skills. Features multiple activity pages for each story. Includes printable PDFs on CD.
Reads the stories aloud while text is highlighted. A test at the end of each story provides speech support and an optional hint feature that directs students to the page that addresses each question.
Connections in the Workplace Complete Set
Includes: 1 Student Reader, 1 Teacher Guide, and 1 Student Reader Software (Win CD).
Compatible with mouse, touch screen, IntelliKeys, or single switch.
Reading Level 3.0.


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The current study examined the lingual kinematic and acoustic effects of bite blocks on vowels in a sentence context. Twenty adult native English speakers (10 male, 10 female) with no speech, language, or hearing deficits participated in the study. The corner vowels found in the sentence, The blue spot is on the black key again (i.e., /u/, /É'/, /Ã¦/, /i/), were measured kinematically and acoustically immediately before and after bite block insertion. The participants' speech was audio-recorded and their lingual articulatory movements were measured with a Northern Digital Instruments Wave electromagnetic articulograph. The sensor coils were attached to three different parts on the tongue (back, middle, and front). Acoustic analysis of the vowel formants revealed that the vowel articulation index and vowel space area decreased significantly following bite block insertion. Kinematic analysis of the sensors on the tongue revealed that the kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. Thus, adjustments to the position of the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the bite block perturbation, while the same measures for the back and middle of the tongue were significantly affected. This was likely due to the relative independence in the movement of the front of the tongue, given its distance from the posterior point of attachment between the tongue and mandible. These findings suggest that the effects of articulatory perturbation can be more fully understood when kinematic and acoustic measures are considered together.
College and Department
David O. McKay School of Education; Communication Disorders
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Low, Tanner Keith, "Kinematic and Acoustic Vowel Changes in Adult Bite Block Speech" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 7495.
kinematics, acoustics, bite block, perturbation, compensation, vowels


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She cuts her eyes to the looking glass.
The girl stares back—
the changeling in utero remains unseen:
a petrified baby girl
with her snatch of hair and single tooth—
so wee and still in her fetal state.
The unknown lithopedion calcifies
into intricate stonework.
Mirror Girl is the mummy of the mummified,
a living coffin,
a closed casket.
The lub-dubs of Mirror Girl's heart bleat a lullaby
for this lambkin in limbo,
her ribcage a home for the little bird
without voice or personhood.
Her womb is a tomb,
from which no thing will rise
nor rapidly form.
*a lithopedion is rare, medical phenomenon in which an unborn child dies during gestation, and calcifies within the mother's body.


Quick Answer: What Was The First Spanish Settlement In America?
What land did Spain claim in North America?
Why didn't Spain conquer North America?
Spain was the first Empire to colonize North America, but they lost control over it because they settled it for short-term gains, not for long-term growth. … Under order of the Pope, the Spanish Empire was allowed to colonize North America, however they needed to convert the Native population to Christianity as well.
What were the three types of Spanish settlements in the Americas?
Spanish law called for three kinds of settlements in the Americas—pueblos, missions, and presidios. Pueblos (PWEH • blohz), or towns, were centers of trade.
What is America's oldest city?
Who was in America before the British?
The Vikings were probably the first white people to reach America. A band of these venturesome seafarers is believed to have explored part of the east coast of North America about 1,000 years ago. However, the exploration and settlement of America by Europeans did not begin for another 500 years.
Who came first in America?
How did Spain get to America?
Beginning with Columbus in 1492 and continuing for nearly 350 years, Spain conquered and settled most of South America, the Caribbean, and the American Southwest. … Christopher Columbus and his crew arrived in 1492 after sailing the ocean blue in a quest to find a faster trade route to Asia.
What parts of North America did Spain control?
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and gaining control over more territory for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America.
What was the first settlement in America?
When did the Spanish first come to America?
1492The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) in 1492. This was the first part of the European colonization of the Americas.
What is oldest city in North America?
CholulaFounded by: Unknown Considered to be North America's oldest city (and with good reason!), Cholula is believed to have been founded by the arrival of Toltec refugees to the area following the fall of Tula in 1000 CE.


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JACKSON, Tenn. – Dec. 3, 2002– In a classroom on Union's campus, a biology professor is teaching students on the various types of insects found in the West Tennessee region. Down the hall, another class is learning about the different forms of bacteria that exist in the area. Still another class is learning how to put it all together in the form of genetic engineering – learning how to control insect populations with various bacterial methods while conserving the resources around us. Research biologists are being born.
Science, seen and unseen, plays a huge part in how we eat, work, travel, the clothes we wear, and even the furniture we sit on. In an increasing technological age that demands our dependence on the sciences, Union University is building for the future – designing a high-tech new science building that will serve the needs of future research chemists, pharmacists, nurses, doctors and engineers for decades to come and in turn, serve the West Tennessee community and beyond.
In a recent meeting in November with the university's newly formed Board of Regents and science building advisors, the university announced the projected design of the new building which is the final piece of the first phase of Union's campus master plan set in motion back in 1997. The groundbreaking, which will occur Friday, Dec. 6 across from the new performing arts building, Jennings Hall, is a significant event representing two years of hard work and thought which went into the initial planning of this important building.
Made initially possible by a $2 million gift from Roy White, $500,000 from Jackson-General Hospital and an anonymous pledge of $1.4 million, the two-story science building will house biology on the first floor and chemistry on the second – with other science areas such as physics, engineering and computer science to be added later. Project completion is scheduled for 2005 with classes to begin in the new building in August of that year.
"The sciences as much as anything else we do at Union symbolize the university's commitment to excellence," said Union President David S. Dockery at the meeting. "We are very excited about where this process is going and we are very hopeful for the next two years."
According to TLM Associates, who were awarded the architectural and engineering aspects of the campus master plan, a science building is one of the more difficult buildings to design due to the complexity of the laboratories and the ventilation challenges. Union science faculty and administrators have spent many hours visiting other science facilities on other university campuses, and a nationally known consultant was hired who specializes in designing science buildings.
"We want to provide a space where serious learning can take place among science majors as well as an appropriate place for Union students who are taking the required science core classes," said Union Provost Carla Sanderson.
Barbara McMillin, dean of Union's College of Arts and Sciences, spoke highly of the work that the science faculty in particular has done so far in planning the building to meet class and curriculum specifications
"I cannot estimate the number of hours that this faculty has invested in getting us to this point," said McMillin.
Thinking ahead for the future has also been an important part of the process, examining what equipment will be needed both now and later.
"If it's a piece of equipment that sits on a counter, we need to know so that we will have the counter space for later down the road when we finally obtain that particular piece of equipment," explained McMillin, pointing out the complicated details that must each be thought through one by one.
Special features of the 42,000 square foot building include a green house for the biology area, bulk storage areas for hazardous chemicals, large state-of-the-art lecture rooms, a microbiology/immunology lab, as well as lab areas for physiology and human gross anatomy, with storage for human cadavers that are used by the human gross anatomy class in the summer. The roof also has unique features for the special ventilation needs of the chemistry labs.
"Union has always been good as an academic resource and as an important part of this community," said Madison County Mayor Jerry Gist. "Any addition can only serve to benefit West Tennessee. The latest figures, particularly showing the university's economic impact on this region rang loud and clear – we're looking forward to great things."
Sara B. Horn,


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INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, cilt.12, ss.209-220, 2013 (SCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi)
Pinus brutia Ten., Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus pinea L. and Pinus sylvestris L. forests cover approximately 10.91 million hectares area in Turkey. Since there are a lot of settlements inside or near these wide Pinus forest lands, the usages of Pinus species are very common among local people. Within this paper, 130 ethnobotanical and traditional medicinal studies published up to 2011 which were dealed different areas of Turkey are examined and the usages of Pinus species are compiled from 54 of them. It has 269 records that are to be proof of the wide range of ethnobotanical usages of pines. Due P. halepensis has a narrow distribution, the records about ethnobotanical usage of it does not exist in the investigated literature.


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Perhaps the bit is simply approaching the end of its useful life earlier than anticipated through unexpectedly high wear – in which case, at what point does it become less economic to continue drilling at low ROP and so POOH to pick up a new bit instead? The decision to POOH to change a bit that is perceived to be under-performing can be costly if the bit is subsequently found to be in workable condition and the trip was therefore premature. Unnecessary trips are a major source of non-productive time (NPT), so any trusted source of indicative information on bit condition adds valuable context and confidence to operational decision-making. Conversely, in some markets such as US land, there is a healthy market in redressing used bits which allows operators in relatively low-cost operations to recoup a notable portion of their bit expenditure; there is therefore commercial incentive to avoid running a bit until it is damaged beyond repair.
An additional consideration is the potential secondary NPT and financial risk caused by bit wear and loss of cutters: reduced ability to resolve incremental vibration potentially leading to costly damage to BHA components, reduced directional control leading to increased wellbore tortuosity, under-gauge hole and suboptimal well placement, and junk in hole.
So what real time metric can be used to inform decision-makers of the 'tipping point' at which objective commercial factors support pulling a dull bit, mitigating invisible lost time (ILT) through excessive prolongation of an ineffectual dulled bit run against reducing the risk of its potentially catastrophic failure? It is this last dilemma that the methodology described in this article will address.
When a new PDC bit is drilling efficiently, the energy imparted into the well construction process – in the form of WOB and RPM – is transferred effectively into rock destruction through the crushing action of the PDC cutters. Over time the cutters inevitably erode so that the wearflat area increases, which in turn increases the total contact area between bit and formation and therefore the rotational friction. This effect is further exacerbated if cutters wear to such an extent that the bit body matrix starts to come into direct contact with formation.
Rotational friction of such a worn PDC bit generates considerable heat at the bit face – industry research through modelling and test bench measurement shows that 800 - 1000°C is not unusual. At these temperatures, the hydrocarbon content of oil-based or synthetic-based drilling fluids, even hydrocarbon-based additives in water-based fluids, can be instantaneously thermally cracked in-situ as they transit this very localised high temperature (and high pressure) environment. The thermal decomposition of the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons that make up diesel and other mineral oil components of drilling fluid produces fewer complex hydrocarbons, including simple alkene gases such as ethylene and propylene.
It is worth noting that at such temperatures, physical failure of PDC bit becomes a concern. The standard metallic flux used to braze PDC cutters into the circular pockets in the tungsten carbide body of a bit has a melting point of ~550°C, while the maximum thermal operating temperature for standard PDC cutters is ~750°C limited by the differential thermal expansion between the sintered binder and diamond table. Typical observations associated with such thermal failure of a PDC bit are loss of cutters, leaving empty circular recesses in the bit body, and 'heat-checking' on PDC cutter faces.
Alkenes are never observed as formation gases as they are not geological in origin; their presence is always as an artefact of the thermal breakdown of drilling fluid components described above, and therefore qualitatively proportional to the degree of thermal cracking taking place at bit – one product of so-called drill-bit-metamorphism – which in turn is proportional to the degree of bit wear generating thermal energy through friction. In short, alkenes can be used as a direct indicator of bit condition while drilling.
Standard surface logging equipment is used to extract a steady flow, at constant volume and temperature, of sampled gas from the return flow line. Traditionally, alkenes have been considered an unwanted contaminant of the formation-derived alkanes which are of interest for geological interpretation purposes. As ethene/ethane and propene/propane are of similar molecular weights, their peak response on standard field chromatograph cycles appear very closely, leading to potentially falsely elevated alkane readings unless the alkenes are properly and wholly removed from the gas sample stream by scrubbing filters prior to analysis.
However, when alkenes are of interest, a gas distribution manifold passes a separate raw sample gas stream to a second dedicated flame-ionisation detector (FID) chromatograph with modified columns that slow the mobile phase, thus allowing complete dissociation of alkenes from their respective alkane counterparts (as alkenes peak slightly earlier). A complete methane to propane cycle with full alkene separation is conducted every 240s with 5 ppm resolution, allowing for practically seamless realtime correlation with drilling parameters.
Figure 1. Real-time processing of alkene gases at rigsite from acquisition through measurement to monitoring.
This is part one of a two-part article. Part two will be available shortly.
Written by Matt Regan, GEOLOG International.
Read the article online at: _URL_


Grassy Narrows: Forty years later
Grassy Narrows in focus ⬿
Grassy Narrows: Forty years later
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John Ahni Schertow
May 14, 2011
CBC video journalist Peter Wall returns to Grassy Narrows, 40 years after the community was poisoned with Mercury.
Forty years after Dryden Chemical Company dumped 20,000 pounds of mercury into the Wabigoon River, with the Ontario government's expressed consent, the people of Grassy Narrows continue to suffer the effects of mercury poisoning.
Dryden Chemical Company, a chloralkali process plant, supplied both sodium hydroxide and chlorine for the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company. Dryden Chemical company discharged their effluent into the Wabigoon-English River system. 20,000 pounds of mercury was dumped into the river between 1962 and 1970.
In 1970, the government of Canada stepped in, informing commercial fishermen and tourist-lodge owners along the English-Wabigoon River that fish were testing for extremely high levels of mercury.
After the warning was made public, the Ontario government told the people of Grassy Narrows, Wabaseemoong, and Wabauskang First Nations to stop eating the fish– their main food staple–and further advised Grassy Narrows to shut down its commercial fishery. In the blink of an eye, Grassy Narrows' economy was devastated.
The government, however, claimed that it would only take a few months for the mercury to wash out of the river system. Yet, forty years later, the effects are still being revealed.
For more information on Grassy Narrows and their struggle, please visit:
Further Reading
We're fighting for our lives
independent uncompromising indigenous


text:
the Processed=0 predicate. Alternatively, with FORCED parametrization, SQL Server parametrizes the query using the parameter in the Processed=_USER_ predicate. Therefore, it cannot cache the plan with the filtered index because it would not be valid for the case when a query selects processed (Processed=1) rows. SQL Server generated the execution plan with a Clustered Index Scan, which is far less efficient in this case.
The workaround in this case is using SIMPLE parametrization for the database, or forcing it on query level with plan guide (more on it later). In some cases, you would also need to rewrite the query and use one of the constructs that prevent parametrization in SIMPLE parametrization mode, such as IN, TOP, DISTINCT, JOIN, UNION, subqueries and quite a few others.
Plan caching and plan reuse are the great features that help to reduce CPU load on the server. However, they introduce several side effects you need to be aware of and keep them in mind when you write queries and stored procedures.
Source code is available for download


text:
The Burren in County Clare is a region that encompasses 360km2 of gently inclined plateau with a further 200km2 of lowland to the east of the plateau.
The limestone also has a landscape in miniature etched into exposed slabs of rock. The bare surfaces are fretted with hollows and channels where acidic rainwater has selectively dissolved the rock. An extreme example of these micro landforms occurs on the coast.
Often described as a natural landscape, the Burren has been profoundly influenced by human activities. Early removal of the natural woodland induced soil erosion, enlarging the exposure of the underlying limestone. Ecological diversity is one of the great attractions of the Burren, a remarkable profusion that is now under intense pressure.
More than 700 different flowering plants and ferns have been recorded in the Burren. Thus, although the Burren represents only 1% of the land-mass of Ireland, 75% of the Irish native species are contained in the area.
The Burren is a region of outstanding significance in an international context in terms of its geology, geomorphology, natural history and archaeology. Most of the area has been designated as a Special Area of Conservation under the EU Habitats Directive.
The people of the Burren welcome visitors to Ireland''s most extraordinary landscape. The Burren may look rugged, but it is also a fragile place and is always under threat from increased human activity. The limestone pavement, flora and built heritage are the resources on which tourism in The Burren thrives. Respecting and conserving this resource is extremely important.
There is a Burren Code, and by following it, visitors can help protect the limestone pavement, plants and built heritage of this irreplaceable 'fertile rock'.


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3 %
4 % Copyright (c) 2003-2008 by University of Queensland
5 % Earth Systems Science Computational Center (ESSCC)
6 % _URL_
7 %
8 % Primary Business: Queensland, Australia
9 % Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
11 %
15 \section{Rayleigh-Taylor Instability}
16 \label{LEVELSET CHAP}
18 In this chapter we will implement the Level Set Method in Escript for tracking the interface between two fluids for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
19 Normally in Earth science problems two or more fluids in a system with different properties are of interest. For example, lava dome growth in volcanology, with the contrast of the two mediums as being lava and air. The interface between the two mediums is often referred to as a free surface (free boundary value problem); the problem arises due to the large differences in densities between the lava and air, with their ratio being around 2000, and so the interface between the two fluids move with respect to each other.
20 %and so the lava with the much higher density is able to move independently with respect to the air, and the interface between the two fluids is not constrained.
21 There are a number of numerical techniques to define and track the free surfaces. One of these methods, which is conceptually the simplest, is to construct a Lagrangian grid which moves with the fluid, and so it tracks the free surface. The limitation of this method is that it cannot track surfaces that break apart or intersect. Another limitation is that the elements in the grid can become severely distorted, resulting in numerical instability. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method for CFD in moving domains is used to overcome this problem by remeshing, but there is an overhead in computational time, and it results in a loss of accuracy due to the process of mapping the state variables every remesh by interpolation.
23 There is a technique to overcome these limitations called the Level Set Method, for tracking interfaces between two fluids. The advantages of the method is that CFD can be performed on a fixed Cartesian mesh, and therefore problems with remeshing can be avoided. The field equations for calculating variables such as velocity and pressure are solved on the the same mesh. The Level Set Method is based upon the implicit representation of the interface by a continuous function. The function takes the form as a signed distance function, $\phi(x)$, of the interface in a Eulerian coordinate system. For example, the zero isocontour of the unit circle $\phi(x)=x^2 + y^2 -1$ is the set of all points where $\phi(x)=0$.
24 %
25 \begin{figure}
26 \center
27 \scalebox{0.5}{\includegraphics{figures/unitcircle.eps}}
28 \caption{Implicit representation of the curve $x^2 + y^2 = 1$.}
29 \label{UNITCIRCLE}
30 \end{figure}
31 %
32 The implicit representation can be used to define the interior and exterior of a fluid region. Since the isocontour at $\phi(x)=0$ has been defined as the interface, a point in the domain can be determined if its inside or outside of the interface, by looking at the local sign of $\phi(x)$. A point is inside the interface when $\phi(x)<0$, and outside the interface when $\phi(x)>0$. Parameters values such as density and viscosity can then be defined for two different mediums, depending on which side of the interface they are located. The displacement of the interface at the zero isocontour of $\phi(x)$ is calculated each time step by using the velocity field. This is achieved my solving the advection equation:
34 \begin{equation}
35 \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} + \vec{v} \cdot \nabla \phi = 0,
36 \label{ADVECTION}
37 \end{equation}
39 where $\vec{v}$ is the velocity field. The advection equation is solved using a mid-point method, which is a two step procedure:
41 Firstly, $\phi^{1/2}$ is calculated solving:
43 \begin{equation}
44 \frac{\phi^{1/2} - \phi^{-}}{dt/2} + \vec{v} \cdot \nabla \phi^{-} = 0.
45 \label{MIDPOINT FIST}
46 \end{equation}
48 Secondly, using $\phi^{1/2}$, $\phi^{+}$ is calculated solving:
50 \begin{equation}
51 \frac{\phi^{+} - \phi^{-}}{dt} + \vec{v} \cdot \nabla \phi^{1/2} = 0.
53 \end{equation}
55 For more details on the mid-point procedure see reference \cite{BOURGOUIN2006}. In certain situations the mid-point procedure has been shown to produce artifacts in the numerical solutions. A more robust procedure is to use the Taylor-Galerkin scheme with the presence of diffusion, which gives more stable solutions. The expression is derived by either inserting Equation (\ref{MIDPOINT FIST}) into Equation (\ref{MIDPOINT SECOND}), or by expanding $\phi$ into a Taylor series:
57 \begin{equation}
58 \phi^{+} \simeq \phi^{-} + dt\frac{\partial \phi^{-}}{\partial t} + \frac{dt^2}{2}\frac{\partial^{2}\phi^{-}}{\partial t^{2}},
60 \end{equation}
62 by inserting
64 \begin{equation}
65 \frac{\partial \phi^{-}}{\partial t} = - \vec{v} \cdot \nabla \phi^{-},
67 \end{equation}
69 and
71 \begin{equation}
72 \frac{\partial^{2} \phi^{-}}{\partial t^{2}} = \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(-\vec{v} \cdot \nabla \phi^{-}) = \vec{v}\cdot \nabla (\vec{v}\cdot \nabla \phi^{-}),
73 \label{SECOND ORDER}
74 \end{equation}
76 into Equation \ref{TAYLOR EXPANSION}
78 \begin{equation}
79 \phi^{+} = \phi^{-} - dt\vec{v}\cdot \nabla \phi^{-} + \frac{dt^2}{2}\vec{v}\cdot \nabla (\vec{v}\cdot \nabla \phi^{-}).
81 \end{equation}
84 The fluid dynamics is governed by the Stokes equations. In geophysical problems the velocity of fluids are low; that is, the inertial forces are small compared with the viscous forces, therefore the inertial terms in the Navier-Stokes equations can be ignored. For a body force $f$ the governing equations are given by:
86 \begin{equation}
87 \nabla \cdot (\eta(\nabla \vec{v} + \nabla^{T} \vec{v})) - \nabla p = -f,
89 \end{equation}
91 with the incompressibility condition
93 \begin{equation}
94 \nabla \cdot \vec{v} = 0.
96 \end{equation}
98 where $p$, $\eta$ and $f$ are the pressure, viscosity and body forces, respectively.
99 Alternatively, the Stokes equations can be represented in Einstein summation tensor notation (compact notation):
101 \begin{equation}
102 -(\eta(v\hackscore{i,j} + v\hackscore{j,i})),\hackscore{j} - p,\hackscore{i} = f\hackscore{i},
104 \end{equation}
106 with the incompressibility condition
108 \begin{equation}
109 -v\hackscore{i,i} = 0.
111 \end{equation}
113 The subscript $,i$ denotes the derivative of the function with respect to $x\hackscore{i}$. A linear relationship between the deviatoric stress $\sigma^{'}\hackscore{ij}$ and the stretching $D\hackscore{ij} = \frac{1}{2}(v\hackscore{i,j} + v\hackscore{j,i})$ is defined as \cite{GROSS2006}:
115 \begin{equation}
116 \sigma^{'}\hackscore{ij} = 2\eta D^{'}\hackscore{ij},
117 \label{STRESS}
118 \end{equation}
120 where the deviatoric stretching $D^{'}\hackscore{ij}$ is defined as
122 \begin{equation}
123 D^{'}\hackscore{ij} = D^{'}\hackscore{ij} - \frac{1}{3}D


text:
The association between use of electronic media and prevalence of headache in adolescents: results from a population-based cross-sectional study
1 Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Heiglhofstrasse 63, 81377 Munich, Germany
2 Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Unit for Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology & NetTeaching, Hospital of the University Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
3 Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Hospital of the University Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
BMC Neurology 2010, 10:12 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-12Published: 9 February 2010
Use of electronic media, i.e. mobile phones, computers, television, game consoles or listening to music, is very common, especially amongst adolescents. There is currently a debate about whether frequent use of these media might have adverse effects on health, especially on headaches, which are among the most-reported health complaints in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess associations between frequent use of electronic media and the prevalence of different types of headache in adolescents.
Data were derived from a population-based sample (n = 1,025, ages 13-17 years). Type of headache (i.e. migraine, tension-type headache, unclassifiable headache) was ascertained by standardized questionnaires for subjects reporting headache episodes at least once per month during the last six months. Duration of electronic media use was assessed during personal interviews. Associations were estimated with logistic regression models adjusted for age group, sex, family condition and socio-economic status.
Most of the adolescents used computers (85%), watched television (90%) or listened to music (90%) daily, otherwise only 23% of the participants used their mobile phones and only 25% played with game consoles on a daily basis. A statistically significant association between listening to music and any headache (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.1 for 30 minutes per day, 2.1; 1.2-3.7 for 1 to 2 hours per day; 2.0; 1.2-3.5 for 3 hours and longer listening to music per day) was observed. When stratifying for type of headache, no statistically significant association was seen.
Apart from an association between listening to music on a daily basis and overall headache, no consistent associations between the use of electronic media and different types of headache were observed.


text: KRASNOYARSK, a town of eastern Siberia, capital of the extensive province of Yeniseisk, which stretches as a long strip from the Chinese frontier formed by the Sayan mountains to the shores of the Arctic Ocean. It is situated on the left bank of Yenisei river, at its confluence with the Kateha, and on the highway from Moscow to Irkutsk, 66'2 miles west-north-west from the latter. It was founded by Cossacks in 1628, and during the early years of its existence it was more than once besieged by the Tartars and Kirghiz. It became the capital of the province in 1822, and is now the seat of the provincial administration. Its commercial importance depends entirely upon the gold•washings of the Yeniseisk district, supplies for which are sent from Krasnoyarsk. The climate is very cold, but dry, so that in the steppe which surrounds the town there is but little snow, even in mid-winter. The Yenisei river is frozen for one hundred and sixty days at Krasnoyarsk. Population, 13,000.


text:
Changes to Visitor Service due to Sequestration
Due to mandatory, across-the-board budget cuts, some visitor services in this park have changed. Please check the Plan Your Visit section for more information.
Balloons, Hot Coals, and the Earth
People gather at parks to have a good time, share a meal, play, and relax. They have a right to expect the National Park Service to address hazards and enforce regulations to minimize damage to parks and neighboring areas. Some of these hazards may not be apparent to the average visitor.
In the 1980s marine animals stranded on beaches were found to be starving with stomachs full of plastics. Biologists found these whales, turtles, and other animals were eating balloons, bags, and other plastic debris, washed from land to the ocean, mistaking the plastics for food. Helium filled balloons have been found hundreds of miles from their release sites, sometimes drifting over water or near water on the wind. The National Park Service responded to this threat to marine life with legislation prohibiting helium filled balloons in parks to prevent injury and death to marine animals. Please leave balloons at home, inside, where they can not escape to become deadly.
Grass and wood (trees) are fuel for fires. Hot coals kill grass and trees when dumped on the grass and the base of trees. Take responsibility for proper disposal of coals in a park grill or in a closed, fire proof container when you leave. Leave the trees and grass alive. Likewise, keep hot coals away from structures and play areas where a breeze could blow a cinder to dry grass and start a wildfire where people are gathered.
If you enjoy sea food from the Chesapeake Bay, you may want to pay close attention to protecting that grass and those trees from damage by soil compaction from heavy foot traffic or other threats. These park areas are filters for a host of chemicals that come from the roads and neighborhoods and flow right into the Anacostia River and on to the Chesapeake Bay. Each blade of grass, each tree, no matter how small, is a part of a green defense that encourages clean water in the Chesapeake Bay, and sea food for years to come.
Did You Know?
Washington DC is is the middle of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Trash and balloons from the neighborhood or park go from the streets to the Bay and oceans where it may kill marine life. Do your part to keep litter in its place. More...


Longmen Caves China
Longmen Caves China carved by human hands for 634 years. They are located next to the ancient capital Luoyang. The city has a population of over 7 million and has several attractions. One is the caves with rock frescoes, which were started in 493. Longmen Caves are visible if you are sailing on the Yi River. They are part of China's world cultural heritage. Such rock complexes of similar size are still in three places.
The Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, the Yungang Caves in Datong and the Dazu Caves in Chongqing, which I have already published. The caves are located in the valley of the Yihe River between the fragrant mountain and Longmen mountain. The construction of the caves began in the Northern Wei dynasty and lasted about 400 years until the Tang dynasty. There are a total of 2345 niches, over 100,000 Buddha statues and more than 2,800 inscriptions.
The largest statue is the 17-meter Vairocana Buddha and the smallest micro-engraving figure of the Buddha is only 2 inches high. Hundreds of thousands of stonemasons have carved into the nearby rocks. Most of the statues are well preserved, or at least the ones I saw.
It is amazing how they are preserved or protected from the weather (rain and wind). The panoramic tour is well done, but be prepared to climb over 800 steps and as many more to descend to see the main part of the statues. Bookmark and Share
Longmen Caves China biggest statues 15
Longmen Caves China Grottoes Buddha 14
Longmen Caves China Grottoes 13
Longmen Caves China pagoda 12
Longmen Caves China panorama 11
Longmen Caves China photogallery
Longmen Caves China the biggest Buddha 6
Longmen Caves China Xiangshan pagodas 7
Longmen Caves China Xiangshan Temple 8
Longmen Caves China Xiangshan 9
Longmen Caves China Xiangshan 10
What are Longmen Caves China
 - Longmen Grottoes
 - Xiangshan Temple
 - White Park South Gate
 - Kanjingsi
I must also write that on both sides of the Yihe River you can see everything down to the smallest statue. Quite a laborious job if you ask me. I saw a similar scale of figures carved into the rocks in the mystical stone city Petra.
There are carved stairs next to each statue in the rocks, but unfortunately they are not accessible to tourists for obvious reasons. There are small holes in which small statues of Buddha are carved.
Across the river is the Xiangshan Temple Buddhist Complex opposite the Longmen Caves, the Grottoes of the Dragon Gate, in Luoyang City with its characteristic curved, colorful pagoda roofs. The influence of Indian culture is felt here. If you buy a ticket you can visit everything in this attraction.
It is much cheaper than just exploring the Longmen Caves of China. The whole complex is a pedestrian zone, which is a great advantage for tourists. Everything is very well maintained, not to mention the cleanliness. In general, in China you need a lifetime to look at everything properly. We hope we have been helpful to you. In this city of Luoyang, I had the kindest welcome at the hotel where I was staying.
As usual the only foreigner. I guess they even gave me a more expensive room than the one I had booked. Every day they wrote to me on a note that I was a valuable guest, they left a plate with bananas, cherry tomatoes and yogurt in the room, which they then told me was normal for a very valuable (respected) guest. They offered extra free mineral water and in the end they even took me to the station in a company car. I'm not sure why I was so served.
Also, in this city I went to eat at a market next to a fenced neighborhood (closed ghetto), where they cooked very tasty and it was very cheap and I was very happy to eat among ordinary people.
eXTReMe Tracker


Muonionalusta Meteorite Slice MM006
 - Stone of Growth, Strength and Protection
 - Known as the 'Iron-Nickel Meteorite', it would have to travel in space for 4 billion years before it landed on Earth, making it the same age if not greater age than our solar system
 - The "Widmanstatten Pattern" is the crystallised structure of nickel and iron composition under a special freezing process that happened in the outer space which cannot be copied on Earth, therefore making this the best way to distinguish real meteorite from fake
 - "Outer space" meteor contains very strong energy, please handle with care and is advised to not hold or put near bedside for long period of time as it triggers mental activities and may cause over activity or make one feel less grounded (spaced out) with prolong use
 - Helps to promote and enhance vital energy circulation and clear away unnecessary energy
 - A very strong protective stone that protect one against psychic attacks and harm
 You are purchasing the EXACT piece shown
 - Measurement: Approx. 2.8 x 2.8cm
 Weight: Approx. 12.3g
 Country of origin: Sweden
 Chakra(s) Representation: All
 - DO NOT WASH. Keep dry
Related Items


text:
This paper studies the characteristics of Mai Jia's spy fiction. Placing it under the global map of spy fiction as a genre, this paper evaluates the uniqueness and contribution of Mai Jia to this genre. It identifies two themes of Mai Jia's works: The truth of history does not necessarily have the only answer, and individual's growth may not develop through a rational way. The main characteristics of Mai Jia include that he provides different perspective of certain event through various methods such as letters and interview; The unexpected ending of the story creates a dramatic effect of the uncertainty of life; The texts deconstruct the holy revolutionary discourse with the vernacular emotion and everyday practices. Through these methods, Mai Jia succeeds in overthrowing the tradition of Chinese spy fiction in the 1950s.
|Original language||Chinese (Simplified)|
|Number of pages||10|
|Publication status||Published - 2017|


text:
Two things I've learned over the years that I've worked with LGBT students at the American Civil Liberties Union are that many school administrators and teachers don't have the slightest clue about what their students' legal rights are, and that a lot of the ones who do know go right ahead and violate students' rights anyway because they think they can get away with it.
The only way to be sure that your school will respect and uphold your legal rights is for YOU to educate yourself about what your rights are and hold your school to its responsibility to protect and enforce them.
That's never more true than during Day of Silence, an annual event designed to bring attention to the bullying, harassment, and name-calling LGBT students often experience in school. Here are four things you need to know about your rights as you mark Day of Silence this year on Friday, April 16.
- You DO have a right to participate in Day of Silence and other expressions of your opinion at a public school during non-instructional time: the breaks between classes, before and after the school day, lunchtime, and any other free times during your day. If your principal or a teacher tells you otherwise, you should contact our office or the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network.
- You do NOT have a right to remain silent during class time if a teacher asks you to speak. If you want to stay quiet during class on Day of Silence, we recommend that you talk with your teachers ahead of time, tell them that you plan to participate in Day of Silence and why it's important to you, and ask them if it would be okay for you to communicate in class on that day in writing. Most teachers will probably say yes.
- Your school is NOT required to "sponsor" Day of Silence. But Day of Silence is rarely a school-sponsored activity to begin with — it's almost always an activity led by students. So don't be confused - just because your school isn't officially sponsoring or participating in Day of Silence doesn't mean that you can't participate.
- Students who oppose Day of Silence DO have the right to express their views, too. Like you, they must do so in a civil, peaceful way and they only have a right to do so during noninstructional time. For example, they don't have a right to skip school on Day of Silence without any consequences, just as you don't have a right to skip school just because you don't like what they think or say.
If you're concerned that your school might forbid you from participating in Day of Silence, you might want to print out the ACLU's "Letter to Educators about the Day of Silence" and give it to your school administrators. Tell them they should show the letter to the school's lawyer. The letter explains what schools' responsibilities are regarding Day of Silence.
And for more information on your rights in public schools, check out the ACLU's website.


text:
Animal Care Staff use positive reinforcement techniques to shape animal behaviors that improve daily care. One example of a practical behavior is "shifting," or moving the animals on or off exhibit so that they are out for guests to observe. Several animals in the collection voluntarily participate in advanced medical training; for example they may present various body parts for veterinary examinations and even permit voluntary medical procedures. These procedures may include nail trims (similar to pets at home) on species ranging from monitor lizards to bears, voluntary injections or blood draws (annual vaccinations, medical treatment of conditions like diabetes), ultrasounds and even superficial wound treatment. Unlike with pets at home, staff cannot go into enclosures with most animals for safety reasons. These advanced techniques permit staff to interact with the animals in rewarding situations and improve our ability to care for the collection. Training for daily care is cognitively stimulating as it promotes thinking and social interaction and builds trust between the animals and their caregivers.
Animal training and enrichment are part of routine daily animal care around the Zoo. The Behavioral Husbandry department's goal and philosophy are to constantly evolve and improve our resources and management techniques to provide the animals with world class care and provide our valued visitors the best Zoo experience possible.


Page top
Lead Contents
FAQ00389 of Photoelectric Sensors FAQ
FAQ No. FAQ00389
Primary Contents
Is the serial connection possible in a Photoelectric Sensor?
No, it is not.
When photoelectric sensor 1 is turned on, the voltage is supplied to photoelectric sensor 2 in above figure.
At this time, inrush current I2 when the power supply of photoelectric sensor 2 is turned on flows to the output of photoelectric sensor 1. (It is about 0.5 to 1A instantaneously in charging current of capacitor.)
The output short-cut protection circuit* of a photoelectric sensor works by this inrush current I2, and the output of photoelectric sensor 1 is turned off.
As a result, the voltage is not supplied between power supplies of photoelectric sensor 2 and cannot be operated. Therefore, the serial connection cannot be connected.
*Output short-cut protection circuit:
It is the circuit that turns off output detecting the current and protects transistor, when overcurrent (above rated load current) flows to output.
Please use the serial connection by the combination with the sensor controller.


text:
Welcome to About Bookbinding your resource
for FREE bookbinding information.
|The Art of Bookbinding
by Joseph W. Zaehnsdorf
3rd Edition Published in London 1897
The cover is to be prepared and sprinkled in the same manner
as stated in marbling; the boards, however, must be bent a
little and a little water applied by a sponge in the centre of each
board to give the necessary flow of water; when the water is
thrown on, it will flow towards the centre or lowest part of the
boards, and when the sprinkle is thrown on, a tree, as it were,
will be formed. The centre being white forms the stem, and
from it branches will be formed by the gradual flow of the
streams of water as they run down.
For marbling, every thing must be ready at hand before any
water is thrown on, so that the water may not have time to run
off before the colour is applied. The water must run at the
same time that the spray is falling, or a failure will be the result.
It has been said that the marbling has discovered by an
accident; that a country bookbinder was sprinkling some books,
|when a bird, which was hung up in the shop, threw or splashed some water down on his books; the water running, took
some of the colour with it and formed veins. Liking the form it gave, the workman improved upon it and thus invented
marbling. There is, however, no doubt that it had its origin in Germany.
Tree calf seems to be coming into general use again, and to meet the demand for cheapness, a word block has been
cut resembling as closely as possible one done by the water process, and blocked in black on the calf; but, as might
have been expected, it has not found much favour.
This is a process with a sponge, charged with the black or the brown liquid, dabbed on the calf either all over the cover
or in successive order. Give the proper preparation to the calf, and be very careful that the ground tint of brown be
very even. Take a sponge of an open nature, so that the grain is pleasant to the eye; fill it with black and squeeze out
again, now dab it carefully over the calf. Repeat the operation with another sponge charged with brown. Cat's paw,
French dab, and other various named operations all emanate from the sponge. When done properly this has a very
good effect, and give great relief to the eye when placed with a number of other books.
All these marbles and sprinkles require practice, so that a first failure must not be regarded with discouragement.
When one's hand has got into the method with these two or three colours it is astonishing how many different styles
may be produced. In all this manipulation a better effect is obtained if a yellow tint be washed over the leather after
the sprinkle or marble has been produced. Again, by taking coloured calf and treating it the same manner as white,
some very pleasant effects are brought out; and when the colours are well chosen the result is very good. Take for
instance a green calf and marble a tree upon it, or take a light slate colour and dab it all over the black and brown.
In all operations with the copperas care must be taken that it does not get on the clothes, as it leaves an iron stain
that cannot be easily got rid of. Keep a basin for each colour, and when done with wash it out with clean water. The
same with the sponges: keep them as clean as possible; have a sponge for each colour, and use it only for that
colour. A piece of glass to put the sponges on will be of great use, and prevent the work-table or board from catching
any of the colour. A damp book or damp paper laid on a board that has been so stained will most probably be
damaged, even though it has waste paper between the work-board and book. No amount of washing will ever take
away such a stain.
When the book has been coloured, the edges and inside are to be blacked or browned according to taste, or in
keeping with the outside. The book is then ready for finishing.
Some very good results may be obtained if the binder, using coloured calf of a light brown, treats it as if it were white
calf, marbling with the usual colours; or a yellow calf, splashing it all over the salts of tartar only, the boards being
placed in a slanting direction to allow the colour to gently run down.
Or the whole of a cover may be blacked with tartar and copperas, then with a diluted solution of acid it may be
sprinkled this will give grey-white spots on black or slate ground: if, after, washing the cover be sponged over with the
same colouring liquid, such as aniline dyes, the spot will be of the colour used.
I do not give many methods or receipts for producing colours for calf, because, as before stated, the introduction of
fancy calf has rendered obsolete the old-fashioned way of boiling and preparing the different woods for making
colours, and the above will be found useful for colouring calf in many different ways.
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|Copyright © 2005 - 2006 aboutbookbinding.com


text:
Having tests that verify only one thing makes troubleshooting easier. It's not to say you shouldn't also have tests that do test multiple things, or multiple tests that share the same setup/teardown.
Here should be an illustrative example. Let's say that you have a stack class with queries:
and methods to mutate the stack
Now, consider the following test case for it (I'm using Python like pseudo-code for this example.)
self.stack = new Stack()
assert stack.top() == 1, "top() isn't showing correct object"
assert stack.getSize() == 1, "getSize() call failed"
From this test case, you can determine if something is wrong, but not whether it is isolated to the
pop() implementations, or the queries that return values:
If we add individual test cases for each method and its behavior, things become much easier to diagnose. Also, by doing fresh setup for each test case, we can guarantee that the problem is completely within the methods that the failing test method called.
assert stack.getSize() == 0
assert stack.top() == 1, "top returns wrong object after push"
assert stack.getSize() == 1, "getSize wrong after push"
assert stack.getSize() == 0, "getSize wrong after push"
As far as test-driven development is concerned. I personally write larger "functional tests" that end up testing multiple methods at first, and then create unit tests as I start to implement individual pieces.
Another way to look at it is unit tests verify the contract of each individual method, while larger tests verify the contract that the objects and the system as a whole must follow.
I'm still using three method calls in
test_push, however both
getSize() are queries that are tested by separate test methods.
You could get similar functionality by adding more asserts to the single test, but then later assertion failures would be hidden.


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The Connection Between Asking Deeper Questions and Impacting Your Business
Every training initiative is the culmination of a series of questions that usually begin with the basic, "How can we improve our sales?", "Are employees meeting performance standards?" or "Are we in compliance?" The questions then escalate from there into more complex and probing queries.
Edward Hodnett wrote, "If you do not ask the right questions, you do not get the right answers. A question asked in the right way often points to its own answer. Asking questions is the A-B-C of diagnosis. Only the inquiring mind solves problems."
The days of "order-taking" or blind hope corporate training initiatives has gone the way of the floppy disk. Today's learning officers need laser-focused training solutions able to meet tight budgets and even tighter ROI expectations from senior management. This takes detailed planning, and planning requires answering the right questions.
The difference between asking the right questions and the wrong questions is the difference between a course that is widely utilized or withers on the network vine; a course that is relevant and engaging or has low completion rates; a course that produces long-term change or one that just gives employees a very expensive break.
According to Susan Barksdale and Teri Lund, "If these questions are not answered up front and quickly, the potential exists for wasting your time in needless activities or getting bogged down in useless detail resulting in a protracted, rather than rapid, analysis."
If the turnout at our ANSWER Analysis presentations at the eLearning Guild and ISPI conferences is a reliable indicator, then the rapid needs analysis we're talking about is becoming quite a popular topic among corporate learning officers. ANSWER is our proven formula for compiling available data for determining what questions need asking before proceeding.
As a result of using ANSWER to ask the impactful questions, learning officers are able to construct a clear blue print for the initiative's objectives, strategies, outcomes and the all-important ROI. And that will keep your CEO from asking bad questions like "why are we spending money on training".


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largely come as by-products of various decay channels in the mass region near 39 units.
For low-Z targets like hydrocarbons, the projectile energy dependence of the electron impact ionization process is very commonly known to peak at about 70–100 eV and at higher energy, the cross section varies as. Interestingly, the acetylene loss channel that shows a distinctly different behavior, as seen from Figure 7 except that all the channels considered here follow a similar trend.
Thus, we have considered the following decay channels for our analysis.
The loss of one or more H atom from the intact mono-cation is not shown explicitly in the list but is one of the most important channels. As observed by Gotkis et al., the primary decay channel for naphthalene is either H loss or acetylene loss. It should be noted that the loss of multiple H and acetylene fragments are the prominent statistical decay modes for PAHs and therefore they can be very useful in understanding the dynamics of the internal degrees of freedom in PAHs. Acetylene loss is clearly the most useful channel to study from the data we present here. Higher order ionizations like double and triple ionization are low impact parameter processes and thus a detailed direct coulomb interaction model is more relevant in such cases. In this study our main goal is to explore the plasmon excitation which is a large impact parameter process and it is known to produce singly charged cations for the case of PAHs. We expect strong dynamical and statistical effects in the singly charged naphthalene ions and the associated evaporation products like single and double acetylene loss in our case. Various decay channels are referred in the manuscript according to the numbers given in the list above.
Jochims et al. are discussed the reaction sequence for acetylene loss and the formation of phenyl-acetylene from in detail. An intermediate is formed by the breaking of the transannular bond accompanied by the migration of H in the naphthalene cation and this is followed by the successive cleavage of C-C bond with a loss of molecule and the formation of polyacetylene cation.
The first six decay channels are considered here with mono-cations and the rest may come from very energetic mono-cation or di-cation. Thus the processes governing the production of the latter decay channels can be treated as low impact parameter and high internal energy channels. And subsequently these decay channels are expected to have substantially large decay rates compared to the decay rates for mono-cations leading to decay channels ii and iii. This unique behavior is evident as shown in Figure 8a–c in which plot the relative intensity of all the decay channels at 250, 500 and 1000 eV electron impact energies. The very first clear observation is that the decay channels ii evolve very differently compared to the rest of the channels as a function of extraction delay and this can be seen in Figure 9a, b. The diacetylene loss channel show an increase in the yield fraction followed by a steady population or a slight decrease up to 5 s extraction delay on the other hand, the last five decay channels show a clear decrease from the zero delay onwards. This decay behaviors indicates that the last five reactions have decay rates that are much larger than and assuming these arise from the statistical dissociation.
The interaction energy for the formation of larger sized fragments according to reactions iv - viii needs to be well above 22 eV as discussed by Ruhl et al.. The plasmon excitation is expected to peak at about 17 eV. In the data for each beam energy, we observe that compared to the acetylene loss the decay channel iii peak shows a faster rate of change and this can be understood from the fact that the decay rate of channel iii is marginally higher than that of the acetylene loss channel. Interestingly we see a gradual decrease in the relative intensity of all the daughter channels as a function of projectile energy. We can assign two major possibly for the decay channel iii: neutral acetylene evaporation from mono-cation and the dissociation of fragment. Moreover, this could also be the fragment but it is not resolved well in our spectra. The population of evaporative products grows substantially in earlier times and after about 3 s, it starts to drop again and behavior is seen even at 500 and 1000 eV beam energies. This suggesting that the first increase comes due to plasmon excitation and reduces its contribution as we go to higher beam energies and this observation is in complete agreement with the behavior seen in decay channel ii. On the other hand, the rest of the channels, show gradual and continuous decrease in yield with extraction delay time. In the case of decay channel ii, the scales are longer than that for channel ii is seen. The decay channel iv to viii represents more energetic processes and hence show a decrease in population fraction. These channels from the zero delay time, indicating sufficiently fast decay accompanied by sufficient kinetic energy release to cause fast dispersion of daughter ions from the interaction volume.
For PAHs in general and for naphthalene in particular a strong influence of the plasmon resonance excitation is known to be present. This effect has recently gained importance due to its possible role in the formation of molecular hydrogen and acetylene molecules in ISM and has been under investigation using far-UV photo-excitation as well as heavy ion-induced excitation. In this work, we have shown the effect of plasmon excitation under by high energy electron impact excitation. The time evolution of the acetylene evaporation, which is known to be a by-product of the plasmon excitation process, is measured for this study. A pulsed electron source along with the pulsed extraction of recoil ions using fast high voltage pulses is implemented and varying the extraction delay we observe the parent and daughter ion yields of naphthalene molecule is observed.
The most dominant low energy channels commensurating with the excitation energy, in range of 7–8 eV leading to a total energy loss of 15–16 eV range is the decay channels leading to loss of acetylene and the loss of diacetylene. Acetylene loss shows much weaker energy dependence compared to the other channels which again is a well-known property of plasmon excitation. In the case of acetylene evaporation processes the time scales of few microseconds are seen and yields of acetylene evaporation population grow by about 20as the delay is varied from 0 to 5 s. Importantly, this work demonstrates that the relatively simple and well-known technique of delayed extraction time-of-flight mass spectrometry can be very useful in certain circumstances like broader energy loss mechanisms i. e, plasmon excitation in charged particle interaction with PAHs. The time evolution of a group of statistical decay channels that could otherwise be inaccessible due to the large range of decay constants can be probed using this unique technique.


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Comparing Opening Patterns of Chain vs Community Establishments During COVID-19
Social learning shows community establishments follow decisions that nearby chain establishments make
As places where people congregate, business firms have a decent amount of power and influence on how people interact during situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Even under government regulations and health guidelines, these firms have considerable control over keeping their establishment open or closed.
In their recent paper, Mathijs de Vaan, Saqib Mumtaz, Abhishek Nagaraj, and Sameer B. Srivastava take this premise and examine the role social learning has on the decisions these establishments make. More specifically, they focus on how chain establishments' decisions to remain open or close impact community establishments (that are independently owned and operated) in the same industries.
Accurate, detailed SafeGraph point of interest (POI) data about chain and community establishments (by industry) enabled this study, as researchers could plot these locations and analyze mobility patterns. As you can see above, detailed POI data lets them map chain and community establishments, as well as distinguish between which ones were open and closed at different times.
A number of factors had to be considered during the course of their study, which are tracked in the table above. This includes whether the location was open or not and the key independent variable, the proportion of chain establishments that are open in the same zip code and industry as the focal community establishment. They also accounted for a lag in social learning, expecting these community establishments to be behind the chain counterparts in adopting policies.
Make sure you check out the full research paper:
Social Learning in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Community Establishments' Closure Decisions Follow Those of Nearby Chain Establishments
Mathijs de Vaan, Saqib Mumtaz, Abhishek Nagaraj, and Sameer B. Srivastava.
This research was made possible with Placekey's universal location identifier and SafeGraph's mobility datasets that allow you to analyze movement patterns. To learn what others using these solutions are doing, join the SafeGraph community!


Listen to Interview here
Let's start by shifting the focus away from this impacted landholder, it could be any landholder with coal exploration bores on their property; and it is important not to make this seem like it's an aberrant occurrence. Every day landholders are facing iniquitous issues such as this and they will not come forward if they feel they will be harassed. Don't focus on this landholder. We need to focus on the circumstances of which Origin are not being entirely truthful. When the seeps originally occurred in the Condamine River, those living in the area were traumatised by the invasion of their privacy. So let's turn the focus to where it belongs, on the government and the industry and let's get some answers.
Origin Energy and the Queensland Government have been aware of this latest incident for several weeks. SUBSURFACE water and gas spurting from coal exploration drilling holes and coal seam gas has been bubbling in areas of the Condamine River catchment where it's never been seen before since July 23, 2020.
The public including farmers in the immediate vicinity only became aware of the incident via a sensational news article.
This is not about the individual property and family impacted this time, this is about what this incident represents.
 1. It is an example of an unidentified, unmanaged, unmitigated collateral offsite impact(s) – once again the neighbours to the industry are the ones that are left out of the conversation. This issue was identified in the Queensland Audit Office Report into CSG management, the failure to consider and properly manage offsite impacts
 2. The fallacy of the insistence by industry and the government that only those with infrastructure on their property are impacted, and that the impacts adhere to cadastral boundaries. This is something that those in the next gas development area – Arrow in Cecil Plains – must consider with the issue of deviated drilling
 3. When asked if recent CSG development in the Chinchilla area had caused the issue to arise, the Origin spokesman said "there is no gas development on this property and no fracking has occurred in this area". In fact, Origin has just recently drilled a number of wells in the immediate vicinity of this incident and has been conducting pressure testing of the system. Origin's vague statement is misleading.
 1. Origin also stated "While we aren't responsible for the ongoing management of these old coal exploration bores, we are prepared to work with our landowners and government on a case-by-case basis to remediate from an environmental and safety perspective." Actually, historically this has been raised as a serious concern by other stakeholders including the Basin Sustainability Alliance as early as 2012.
Additionally, this map from Origin Energy's own report (Condamine River Gas Seep Investigation: Technical Report by Norwest) shows that while the coal exploration holes do not show up on Qld Globe, Origin know of the location of many coal exploration holes in the area and knew of the risks they posed.
Norwest Report Coal Exploration Bores
Norwest Report Coal Exploration Bores
In 2014 when the original seeps in the Condamine River occurred the Norwest Report was written. In that report, it was detailed: "…there are known to be coal exploration bores in the area that are not always recorded, and generally these bores were not plugged. These bores are likely to remain open or partially open, potentially allowing fluids from different formations to mix and to migrate." The recommendations in that report included: Priority and recommendation 8 of 15 : …to implement systematic and ongoing monitoring of…coal exploration bores…plug and abandon coal bores…increases in methane at coal exploration bores increase risk of fire and explosion
 1. The questions that should be asked include:
 - is this another impact that is triggered as a result of this industry and therefore is the responsibility of the industry to address?
 - Why were these recommendations in the Norwest Report not addressed? Why is there not a remediation project in place via the government and the industry to proactively plug and abandon these pathways to reduce landholder impacts?
 - Why was this incident not foreseen and prepared for when both the government and the industry have had at least 6 if not 8 years to put this on project status similar to the make good process of water bores impacted by the industry?
 - Why is the government and the industry incapable of giving the landholders expected to live with the gas industry the respect of communicating openly and transparently about impacts and properly characterising them? How about a transparent description of what is happening technically underground in the area instead of vague statements of nothing to see here?
 - Why are the Gasfield Commission and other 'hierarchical representative community consultation groups' stuck in board rooms and on webinars and incapable of addressing the real lived experience of the people on the ground?
 - While water and methane coming to the surface provide a very visible flag of the looming problem, what about the even greater uncertainties for landowners that these abandoned exploration holes together with gas industry depressurisation of one strata, provide pathways for water, methane and anything else to travel to other aquifers important for food production that could result in a myriad of problems.
This incident represents a circumstance of constant evolution in Queensland, the powers that be are happy for us to face an industry that leaves the host farmers, appallingly little statutory protection now and into the future.


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09 Dec 2008:
NASA Satellite Technology Can Monitor Natural Oil Seepage
Scientists are using NASA satellites to track natural oil slicks seeping to the surface of the world's oceans
, providing better leads on potential sources of greenhouse gas emissions as the slicks break up and release carbon dioxide. Such natural seepage accounts for almost half of the oil that enters the earth's oceans, according to a report in New Scientist
. While typical satellite radar images enable scientists to monitor seepage spots every 8 to 16 days, new techniques of analyzing NASA's MODIS images can
detect a broader spectrum of wavelengths, including the visual range, allowing a scan of the surface of the earth daily. That is particularly significant since the sheen of an oil slick can disintegrate within two days. One research team used MODIS to monitor the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, and the image of a naturally occurring slick can be seen, at left. Scientists say monitoring areas of persistent seabed oil seepage provides an opportunity to study the unique seafloor ecosystems that have evolved near seepage vents, potentially leading to the development of new ways to clean up man-made oil spills.
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January 21, 2000 FCC CHAIRMAN KENNARD APPLAUDS INDUSTRY DECISION TO PROVIDE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACCESS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES The deadline for mounting a legal challenge to our Section 255 rules which provide access for people with disabilities to telecommunications in the information age passed, with no challenges being filed. I am pleased that the industry is focusing its considerable talents on implementing the rules rather than on challenging them. I welcome the industry's willingness to focus on increasing access to people with disabilities, rather than on litigation, is a testament to the enormous amount of work industry representatives put into developing these rules. It proves that collaborative problem solving yields the best result. -FCC-


How to Find Underground Water Pipes
Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story.
If you're planning on digging up your yard for any reason, you're going to want to know where your water pipes are. Performing any kind of construction without this knowledge runs the risk of damaging the pipes, which can flood your yard or your entire home and end up costing a lot of money. You can find underground water pipes in your front or back yard in a very specific way.
Step 1
Purchase a pipe locator device that is capable of finding both metal and plastic pipes. Depending on exactly where you're looking for your underground water pipes, as well as the area in which you live, they could potentially be made of either type of material. For the most accurate reading possible, you need a locator device capable of finding plastic and metal.
Step 2
Set up your pipe locator as directed. How you do this will depend on what type of locator you own. For example, certain pipe locators make a noise (typically with headphones) when a pipe is found. Others display an indication that you're standing above a pipe on a built-in screen.
Step 3
Walk through your yard, aiming the sensor on the pipe locator at the ground as you walk. Your pipe locator will indicate (either visually or audibly) when you're standing above an underground water pipe. You can then mark the position of the pipe according to your own preferences.
Stephen Lilley


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The First 100 Days
Even presidents have to worry about making the grade! Discover the history behind the "First 100 Days" and its impact on the American presidency with this new lesson plan that includes extension ideas and media literacy moments. Students will evaluate the fairness of judging presidents based on this somewhat arbitrary time period.
- Explain the origin of the concept of the president's first 100 days
- Identify and explain what may impact the success of the president's first 100 days
- Analyze presidential quotations to determine attitude towards the expectations of the first 100 days
- Define the term "mandate" as it applies to presidential terms


Britain to limit funding for new power-only biomass plants
Thu Jul 18, 2013 2:15pm EDT
* New biomass plants to get subsidy only if they harness heat too
* Subsidy for new plants to apply only up to 400 MW capacity
* State funding for all biomass plants to be phased out by 2027
By John McGarrity
LONDON, July 18 (Reuters) - New standalone biomass power plants in Britain will not be eligible for some subsidies unless they generate heat at the same time, under new government proposals, meaning many new plants could be cancelled, an industry lobby said.
Britain's government said on Wednesday it aimed to deny public money via guaranteed minimum power prices to dedicated biomass plants that do not generate both heat and electricity.
"The lack of a strike price for new build biomass means support for this important technology has effectively come to an end, and we urge the Government to reconsider," said Gaynor Hartnell, chief executive with the Renewable Energy Association (REA).
She said that as heat output, known as combined heat and power (CHP) could not easily be built into projects that had already been approved, many would be scrapped:
"Developers cannot simply add CHP to these projects retrospectively, so they will most likely be cancelled."
CHP is seen as much more efficient as the heat from power generation is used to warm homes and businesses.
The government is steering a landmark energy bill through parliament that aims to unlock 110 billion pounds ($168 billion) of new energy investment to replace ageing capacity and lower carbon emissions.
Policymakers also plan to restrict subsidies for biomass to 400 megawatts per plant through a different type of subsidy called the Renewables Obligation, as also outlined on Wednesday.
Restrictions on this form of subsidy will only apply to new projects and not conversions from coal-fired power planned by companies such as Drax, Britain's biggest power station.
"It is new, so-called dedicated biomass power stations that will have a cap on subsidies, and not those plants that are switching to wood from coal," a spokeswoman for Drax said.
This means that large scale, controversial imports of wood pellets to Britain will continue.
On Wednesday, Edward Davey, Britain's Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, told BBC Radio that importing wood and burning it as biomass was not the long-term answer to the country's energy needs, leading to suggestions that the government was reversing its previously policy of support.
Drax and other large generators switching to biomass from coal will have subsidies phased out by 2027, meaning they will then have to pay all the costs of burning wood instead of the highly-polluting fossil fuel.
"This is something we already knew and does not mark a change in government policy," the Drax spokeswoman added.
Britain's energy ministry said in a statement that it had always been clear that biomass is a transitional technology, "to be replaced by other, lower carbon forms of renewable energy in the medium to long term".
Drax has already converted 660-megawatts of output to biomass, and plans to switch two similar sized units to wood pellets by 2017.
Green groups are concerned that growth in Britain's bioenergy industry will mean the felling of virgin forests for fuel, a practice that was commonplace in Europe and North America before coal was used to power the industrial revolution.
They say that carbon footprint of harvesting trees and shipping wood pellets across the Atlantic is much higher than power companies estimate.
Drax said the fuel it imports has cut emissions in converted units by 80 percent compared with burning seaborne coal, and that the wood used, much of which is sourced in the southern United States, is certified as sustainable.
But not all plants that have switched to biomass have decided to maintain power generation.
Last week, RWE npower said it would close a newly converted 750-megawatt biomass plant at Tilbury by July 21 because of a forecast drop in UK power prices and lack of capital from the Germany-based parent RWE.
Last year Drax scrapped plans to build a new dedicated biomass plant on its site in North Yorkshire, citing the need for better government support.


A reliable risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) for the general population remains to be defined.
We propose the omega-3 index, defined as the combined percentage of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in red blood cell membranes. It reflects the EPA + DHA status of a given individual. It can be determined by a standardised and reproducible laboratory procedure.
Several lines of evidence support the omega-3 index as a risk factor for SCD: in epidemiological studies, a steep dependence of risk for SCD and the omega-3 index has been observed between 6.5% (risk 0.1) and 3.3% (risk 1.0). EPA + DHA are antiarrhythmic on the supraventricular and ventricular levels. Dietary EPA + DHA reduce the incidence of SCD.
Cardiac societies recommend EPA + DHA for prevention of SCD. The omega-3 index can assess risk for SCD and monitor therapy with EPA + DHA. Moreover, it compares very favourably with other risk factors for SCD.


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From the AlphaZero paper, the caption of Table S1 (p. 13)
Table S1: Input features used by AlphaZero in Go, Chess and Shogi respectively. The first set of features are repeated for each position in a $T = 8$-step history. Counts are represented by a single real-valued input; other input features are represented by a one-hot encoding using the specified number of binary input planes. The current player is denoted by P1 and the opponent by P2.
I wanted to get some clarification on which features are represented by single real-valued inputs, and which "other input features" are represented by one-hot encodings.
I'm also not sure what the line
other input features are represented by a one-hot encoding using the specified number of binary input planes
For Chess, specifically, we have the following features): P1 Piece, P2 Piece, Repetitions, Colour, Total move count, P1 Castling, P2 Castling, No-progress count.
I think I understand P1 Piece and P2 Piece, these are just 6 binary planes, one for each piece type, that denotes whether a piece exists for each of the 64 squares on the board. Correct me if I'm wrong.
Repetitions, Colour, total move count, P1 Castling, P2 Castling, and No-progress count - are these all represented by "single real-valued input"? For example, if it's White's turn to move, and white is represented as 1, does this mean the plane for color is an 8x8 matrix of 1s? Another example: if the move count is 114, then the input plane for this feature is an 8x8 matrix of 114s...is this correct?
Follow up question: why are there 2 planes for repetitions?