Herp Everted Hemipenis
Can you help me? I have a male leopard gecko, and yesterday while feeding him, I noticed that he has a large bump on his underside near where the tail connects to his body. It was somewhat off-center to his left and has sand stuck to it, so it must be wet. It is not red. I saw him try to lick it and he did not eat. I'm hoping he ate later. I fed him about 10 minutes before turning in for the night. I have another leopard gecko in the same tank, and she looks fine and is eating. Should I separate them? What is the large bump? Do I need to go to a vet? What can I do? I can send pictures if necessary.
My suspicion is that your male leopard gecko has an everted hemipenis that has chronically prolapsed. Males have two copulatory organs. Each one called a hemipenis (together they are called hemipenes), and normally, they are tucked into two pouches. In many lizard and snake species, you can see the two bulges behind the cloaca on the underside of the tail.
If the hemipenis is used for copulation, it will usually retract afterward with no unfortunate effects. However, in your case, something happened after the hemipenis was everted, and it got "stuck" out. For example, an everted hemipenis dragged through the sand and cage substrate, will swell, making retraction through the cloaca impossible.
At home, you can clean the area with warm soapy water, or better yet, saline. You can use the contact lens saline, which is available for about a dollar a bottle. Once it is clean, you will need to make an appointment with a herp vet who can assess the situation and decide the proper course of therapy.
If the hemipenis is damaged beyond repair, it might be necessary to have the tissue amputated. A male leopard gecko can still copulate and successfully breed with a female if he has one functioning hemipenis, so amputation of the injured one won't hurt his breeding capacity. In some cases, using a hygroscopic agent (such as sugar) to draw the fluid reduces the tissue swelling, so the hemipenis can be cleaned, disinfected and replaced in the sac inside the cloaca. Often, a purse-string suture is used to help hold the hemipenis in place during healing, but the lizard can still pass droppings normally. This suture is usually removed in 3 to 5 days.
Of course, I am making an educated guess as to what your leopard gecko's problem is. For a clear diagnosis, you will need to have a herp veterinarian examine your lizard. Please make an appointment today.
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Congress on Human Unity
- 8, August, 2022
- 1:16 pm read
We are calling for an open and transparent World Congress on Human Unity, where to exercice and fix human inclusive decision making.
Here we start with its organization by openly deciding how it should look like, therefore we would like you to consider and let us know your view on the following questions:
A. Topics and Aims of the Congress. We propose the following topics or areas of discussion to be addressed there: 1. Communication 2. Education and Humanities 3. Development 4. Security 5.Technologies. The aim of this area is to propose a world common and shared technologies development. We propose the following areas 5.1. Food 5.2. Health 5.3. Environment 5.4. Energy 5.5. Manufacturing 5.6. Mobility and Infrastructures
B. Who shall participate in the Congress?
We think of about 50 participants by area, but the Congress is to be broadcasted live all over the world and all specialists in the world are welcome to be connected to their respective areas of work.
C. What city can be trusted to organize the Congress? Why?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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High Kräusen is a German term, also widely used in English, which refers to the large, billowing, unkempt head of foam that forms on the surface of beer at the peak of fermentation. It refers not only to the foam itself but also to this phase of fermentation; when wort reaches the peak of its fermentation, it is often said to be at high kräusen.
The name comes from the German Hochkräusen or hohe Kräusen, which has the same definition and likely originates from kräus, an adjective denoting "wrinkled," "furrowed," or "frizzy." This word is often used in reference to a disorderly mane of curly hair (its infinitive kräuseln means to wrinkle, ruffle, curl, etc.).
In a traditional fermentation cellar, beer ferments in open vessels that allow the brewer to visually control different stages of fermentation. Low kräusen, the prior stage, has a dense, creamlike, and relatively uniform head of foam. Though white at first, copious amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) bubbles congregate particulates from the wort, causing the foam to develop yellowish-brown tips. Metabolizing yeast lowers the pH and causes unisomerized hop bitter compounds and resins to precipitate, along with tannins, denatured proteins, melanoidins, and other coloring agents from both hops and malt. This layer continues to grow, lose density (due to maximum CO2 production), and darken until it reaches its maximum height during peak fermentation, that is, the high kräusen.
During high kräusen the foam on top of the fermenting beer is intensively bitter and very adhesive. Its appearance depends in part on the composition and concentration of the wort, amount of hops, type, and amount of yeast, fermentation temperature profile, and rate of CO2 produced. Many of these intensely bitter compounds, some of them carrying coarse flavors, will adhere to the walls of the fermenting vessels during a vigorous fermentation, thus removing them from the beer.


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Hawaii Teacher Requirements for Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists
The following information summarizes the requirements currently necessary to begin work in the public school system as an audiologist or speech-language pathologist.
This information has been collected by researching individual state department of education regulations and policy documents, state administrative code provisions and by contacting each state department of education. Please be advised that regulations and policy may change at any time, so always check with your state department of education for the most up-to-date information.
- Master's degree or its equivalent from an educational institution recognized by the Board of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists
- Evidence of eligibility for meeting the requirements of ASHA Certificate of Clinical Competence
- Passage of a written examination
Continuing Education Requirement
The information contained herein was collected and summarized annually. For detailed information on teacher certification requirements, contact the state department of education and visit these websites:
Board of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
Department of Education
Questions regarding state advocacy issues? Call ASHA at _PHONE_ and ask for the State Advocacy Team.


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Beans are an all-time favorite, and the majority among us take delight in cooking them. There are hundreds of beans variety and that many recipes. However, there are common procedures involved in cooking the beans, such as soaking, heating e.t.c. People might think soaking the beans unnecessary. But there is critical logic behind this method.
In this article, we will delineate why beans soaking water should be discarded? What are the health impacts of the usage of bean soaking water? And how can we utilize bean's water in an effective way? These are the areas of the article which we will discuss.
Why Discard Bean That Are Soaking Water?
Why Should We Throw Away Beans Soaking Water?
There is undeniable evidence present that soaking beans is an effective method to cook the beans. It helps beans in rehydration and provides aid in cooking. Without soaking the beans, you will require a maximum amount of time because water makes them soft and easy to cook. However, we suggest you should not use the water of beans because it carries all the dirt and adulterations.
A profound study suggests that beans carry a certain kind of sugar, due to which people face the gas problem (Farting). You know how big the gas problem is, especially when you are in the office or with your family and friends. Therefore, you should discard the soaking water from beans and add clean water during cooking.
What Are The Bad Health Impacts Of Consuming Beans Soaking Water?
If you are not consuming beans soaking water then, it is more than acceptable. But if you are cooking beans in soaking water and consuming it, you might face some health issues. The primary consequence is the gas problem which we have mentioned above. But the second repercussion of the consumption of beans water is the digesting problem.
Yes, water reduces sugar and enhances nutritional availability. Using the bean's soaking water will lead you towards constipation due to indigestion of the beans in the stomach. Therefore, discard the bean soaking water because it has acquired the sugar and other elements present in the beans. And if you use the same water, it will concentrate your meal with these elements.
Can I Use Bean Soaking Water For Other Purposes?
Of course, you can use beans soaking water for many alternative purposes, but we suggest using the water in the plants. The reason behind using water in plants is because the beans soaking water contains sugar and other pro plant minerals. Therefore, by doing this method, you can discard the beans soaking water, and it will be helpful in plant growth.
In a nutshell, we have explained all the necessary reasons behind discarding beans soaking water. Besides, we have developed your knowledge about why bean soaking water is not suitable for normal human consumption. And in the last, we have given you the right way to through away soaking water. We will be overwhelmed if you write to us in the comment section, and we will answer your queries in the forum in a short interval of time.


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Recognizing septicemia in goldfish is difficult because more often than not, little or no symptoms occur to indicate infection. It is one of the fish diseases that causes harm from within.
What is Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Goldfish?
- Most common indication of septicemia in koi and goldfish are Blood Streaks
- While it is not a communicable fish disease, the chances of it spreading is high if an infected fish shares the same tank with healthy fishes.
- The most probable cause for such disease is the buildup of nitrite in the tank due to the remaining excrement of fishes in the water. Overfeeding and overstocking have also been included as reasons.
Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Septicemia
- It is difficult to recognize septicemia symptoms. There are only few significant signs that can guide the aquarist. To be sure about the diagnosis, it is best to consult a veterinarian.
- Some of the most widely reported symptoms include skin ulcers, deteriorating fins, bulging eyes, lethargy, staying on the surface or corners of the tank and anemia.
- The cause of septicemia has been traced to many factors such as:
- Stressful conditions
- Poor water quality
- Improper handling of the fish
- The remedy for septicemia is treating the infection as quickly as possible. The pet owner should feed the fish with triple-strength antibiotic food and nothing else.
- The infected fish undergoing treatment must be kept within a warm environment above 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Salt solution added to the treatment tank can help heal the scales back to their natural texture.
- Water quality should be kept in excellent conditions to prevent further complications.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Includes PRINTABLE and DIGITAL VERSIONS for Distance Learning, In-Person, and Virtual Learning Classrooms!
Comprehension and analysis questions by chapter for Touching Spirit Bear by Ben Mikaelsen. Questions have been divided by chapter (28 chapters total). Two different printable versions - one with no spaces between questions, another printable version allowing for space for students to write on their answer document. Interactive PDF and Google version gives space for students to type the answers to each question below the question. Super versatile for any classroom setting! Includes Answer Key.


HTML5 Curation
From Flashpoint Database
Revision as of 06:35, 16 January 2021 by Nosamu (talk | contribs)
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HTML5 games are not nearly as endangered as Flash games, and are in fact often cited as replacing the Flash medium. However, they still pose a risk of disappearing at some point in time, and therefore should be considered for curation just like other web game formats.
The following page is a tutorial on how to curate HTML5 games to add to Flashpoint.
Before You Start
Identifying HTML5 Games
If a web game doesn't ask to enable Adobe Flash Player and there's no sign or mention of any of the other Platforms, it is very likely an HTML5 game. Some use game engines as their base, the most prominent example being UnityWebGL, which replaced the previous Unity NPAPI implementation that no longer works.
To confirm this, press F12 to open the Developer Tools of your browser, click on the Inspect Element button and click on the game area. This will show you in the Elements tab the iframe the game is located in, and there you'll find the link for the main file of the game. You can also look for a.html file, likely with the filename index.html.
Copy the file's link and go to it. If it plays an unobstructed version of the game, you've found the source of your Launch Command. Keep in mind that not all games should be divorced from the page they are found in, such as individual games outside of webgame websites.
Make sure to always use http:// instead of https:// to make sure Flashpoint grabs files from the fake Internet instead of the real one!
Grabbing The Game From The Internet
Some games have one or more image files that act as sprite sheets, others will have each unique texture as an individual file, so make sure to get them all.
Create a new curation in the Curate tab of Flashpoint Core and fill it out with as much information as you can, including the Launch Command you found earlier. The Platform should be HTML5, and the Application Path should be FPSoftware\Basilisk-Portable\Basilisk-Portable.exe, referring to the Basilisk browser used for HTML5 games.
After inputting the launch command, use Run with MAD4FP, and start playing the game. MAD4FP will download any assets automatically as you play and make progress.
REMEMBER, ALWAYS TEST THE GAME 100%, NO MATTER HOW BIG OR SMALL! This is true for all games, but especially HTML5, as nearly none are single-asset, you are almost guaranteed to find a multi-asset. Because of how it works, most games will only call assets when needed, so make sure to navigate all the menus, click all the buttons, and play the game as thoroughly as possible. This may include hidden collectables, unique voice lines, downloadables, completion bonuses, etc.
Wayback will not save these missing assets on a normal capture, and computers/browsers tend to clear cache much more frequently for optimization, making cache dumps unlikely to yield anything, so once it's gone, it's likely gone for good. Better to catch everything first try and make sure it's not lost. for more information on multi-assets in general, go here.
After making sure you got the whole game, test it again, this time without using MAD4FP pressing the Run button.
Responsive Design Mode and Mobile Elements
Some games will have mobile controls, loading different assets.
Unlike traditional plugins, HTML5 allows games to be played on both Desktop and Mobile. This means that some games will implement Responsive Design elements so games work better on mobile platforms. This can load new assets such as the pages, scripts, elements, images, etc.
To check whether a game has these elements, play the game both in desktop and Responsive mode. On Basilisk in the developer console, enable Responsive Design Mode, then on the Responsive menu enable Touch Events, and make sure to reload the page as these elements might not have been loaded on Desktop mode. Use the Rotate button to test, as some games do not allow you to play in a certain orientation and will load warning messages.
Make sure to skim through the entire game where these elements might show up, like parts with game controls or menus.
https removal
, because there are an extremely low number of HTML5 games that are single-asset. Your curation is almost guaranteed to be multi-asset. From here, you have two main options, both of which are described here
Don't be surprised if it doesn't work at first, HTML5 games are relatively stable and mostly work, but a common occurrence is the game refusing to load assets. This most likely is because of https requests inside the code of the game calling for files on the live web and failing, instead of http which calls local files. You will need to find and replace all instances of https with http in the game files. You might need to repeat this step multiple times for different parts of the game. This is a really common form of modification for HTML5 games, but it is minor enough that games with altered https requests don't really need to be marked as Hacked. Note that this rule only applies to text files (such as HTML and JS files); you must always mark a game as Hacked if you edit binary files (such as SWFs).
Missing assets
Alternatively, if MAD4FP isn't able to download a certain file, or Basilisk is having trouble running the application, you can Use cURLsDownloader. Simply copy & paste the URLs you wish to download, open cURLsDownloader, paste in the URL, and hit Enter.
Copy the contents of the Downloads folder outputted by cURLsDownloader, select the Open Folder button on your curation in the Curate tab, and paste the folder into the content folder of your curation.
Clean-up of junk Files
Since MAD4FP downloads every file requested by the game that still exists on the live web, you can get a lot of files that are unnecessary for the game to work. Be careful not to enter pages outside of the game as it will download them too, best way to prevent this is by knowing where this happens inside the game.
Even with these precautions, you will download junk form other services the website uses outside of the game. After deleting them, make sure the games still work without them.
Broken or non-functional games
Some games might require a certain browser we do not support or newer features not available on the 32bit version of Basilisk, which will no longer receive updates. This version is used to ensure compatibility with 32bit machines, and also because it houses most NPAPI plugins. Staff is working on implementing a replacement browser for these newer HTML5 titles. Make sure to ask staff if this is really the problem.
If yes, although unable to be played on the current version of Flashpoint being used, it should still be saved, as these features are likely to be supported in the future and the game work as a result.
For this situation, download the Brwoser Mode Launcher Extension, and type :browser-mode: in the application path field. This will use Flashpoint's built in Browser, which is more feature complete. This will fix most compatibility issues, you can still use MAD4FP with it.
Make sure to write a note explaining that the game does not currently run in flashpoint:
Game only currently works with the :browser-mode: application path extension as of Flashpoint version X.X, please test once a new version is released and remove this sentence if it's able to work without it.
If it still doesn't work, the best option is to run the game on the live web with the network tab open, and playing the game as if you were curating it as normal. After finishing, copy all cURLs, create a.txt file, paste and save. Next, drag & drop the file onto cURLsDownloader.bat. Copy the contents of the Downloads folder outputted by cURLsDownloader, select the Open Folder button on your curation in the Curate tab, and paste the folder into the content folder of your curation.
Upload this curation to _TAG_-lounge on our Discord server for safekeeping, as it might be able to work in the future.
Wrapping It Up
Follow the proper Curation Format, just like with any curation.
Click on Export button at the bottom of your Curation, this will create a single.7z file containing the entire curation, which can be found by clicking Exported Curations on the Curate tab, which opens the folder. Once you have the file, submit it to the _TAG_-game-curations channel of the Flashpoint Discord, typing the name of the game and using the HTML5 emoji when submitting. If the file is too large for discord, upload it to, and type the name with the emoji in the Discord channel.


of my screen, while opening the generated log file on the right (don't pay too much attention to the colors, the discoloration is due to how the alpha channel is being dumped):
It is then usually a rather straightforward task to find a suitable hash code by following these steps:
 - Find the point in the image dump where the first HUD elements appear. In our case, this happens when going from "dump113" to "dump114".
 - Use text search to find the corresponding line in the log file.
 - Continue on downwards to the first call of "SetPixelShader." The second parameter to this call is the hash code we are looking for.
One complication you might notice is that the HUD is already displayed in "dump111". This can happen in many games if a framebuffer used in a previous frame is not cleared. A more solid guideline for (1) in such cases would be "find the last point in the frame dump where no HUD elements are visible", but a bit of experimentation might be required even so.
Creating a Game Profile
In order to use our newly gained hash code, all that remains is creating a game profile for Mass Effect 3. This means creating a subdirectory in the "config" path of the GeDoSaTo installation named after the game executable—that is, as we figured out for the whitelist entry in the beginning, "MassEffect3"—and putting a "GeDoSaTo.ini" file into it. We can then use the built-in editor of GeDoSaToTool to edit it and add the hash code, like so:
We could also add more settings which we only want to apply for Mass Effect 3. Additionally, by placing a "post.fx" shader file in the same directory we can arbitrarily change the post-processing shader used for the game. As a small demonstration that our targeted injection is working, I created a shader which turns the image into a grayscale rendering:
As you can see, only the 3D rendered parts of the game are affected, while the HUD elements still retain their color. In addition to targeted postprocessing, we can now also use the "takeHUDlessScreenshot" keybinding in Mass Effect 3.
While its main purpose is still high-quality downsampling, the current version of GeDoSaTo can also be used as an alternative to SweetFX for the injection of post-processing effects. It goes beyond the scope of similar tools as, with a bit more effort, it can be tuned to apply only where you really want it to, without affecting HUD or UI elements.
If you find some hashes or create good profiles for games which are not yet supported, please do take a moment to contribute them to the project at Github, so that all users of GeDoSaTo can benefit from your efforts. Github offers an easy to use interface and plenty of documentation for how to set up pull requests, which are the best way to contribute—and of course your contribution will be immortalized in the GeDoSaTo version history!


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4 The Coordinate Plane Axes – two perpendicular number lines. Origin – where the axes intersect at their zero points.X-axes – The horizontal number line.Y-axis – The vertical number line.Coordinate plane – the plane containing the x and y axes.12345-1-2-3-4-5yx12345-1-2-3-4-5Origin (0,0)
5 Quadrants12345-1-2-3-4-5yQuadrants – the x-axis and y-axis separate the coordinate plane into four regions.Notice which quadrants contain positive and negative x and y coordinates.III(–,+)(+,+)x12345-1-2-3-4-5IIIIV(–, –)(+, –)
6 Coordinates (2, 3) (2, 3) (0, 0) origin move right 2 units 12345-1-2-3-4-5yTo plot an ordered pair, begin at the origin, the point (0, 0), which is the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis.(2, 3)(0, 0)xThe first coordinate tells how many units to move left or right; the second coordinate tells how many units to move up or down.12345-1-2-3-4-5originmove right 2 units(2, 3)move up 3 unitsx-coordinate move right or lefty-coordinate move up or downTo graph an ordered pair means to draw a dot at the point on the coordinate plane that corresponds to the ordered pair.
8 Vocabulary Transformation – movements of geometric figures Preimage – the position of the figure before the transformationImage – the position of the figure after the transformation.Reflection – a figure is flipped over a line (like holding a mirror on it's edge against something)Translation – a figure is slid in any direction (like moving a checker on a checkerboard)Dilation – a figure is enlarged or reduced.Rotation – a figure is turned about a point.
17 VocabularyEquation in two variables – an equation that has two variablesSolution – in the context of an equation with two variables, an ordered pair that results in a true statement when substituted into the equation.
18 Different Ways to Solve Solving using a replacement set – a variation of guess and check. You start with an equation and several ordered pairs. You plug each ordered pair into the equation to determine which ones are solutions.Solving Using a Given Domain – Start with an equation and a set of numbers for one variable only. You then substitute each number in for the variable it replaces, and solve for the unknown variable. This gives you a set of ordered pairs that are solutions.
19 Dependent VariablesWhen you solve an equation for one variable, the variable you solve for becomes a "Dependent Variable". It depends on the values of the other variable.Dependent VariableIndependent VariableThe values of "y" depend on what the value of "x" is.
21 Vocabulary Linear equation – the equation of a line Standard form – Ax + By = C where A, B, and C are integers whose greatest common factor is 1, A is greater than or equal to 0, and A and B are both not zero.X-intercept – The X coordinate of the point at which the line crosses the x-axis (Y is equal to 0)Y-intercept – the Y coordinate of the point at which the line crosses the y-axis (X is equal to 0)
22 Methods of Graphing Make a table – Use the Intercepts – Solve the equation for y.Pick at least 3 values for x and solve the equation for the 3 values of y that make the equation true.Graph the resulting x and y (ordered pair) on a coordinate plane.Draw a line that includes all points.Use the Intercepts –Make X equal to zero.Solve for Y.Make Y equal to zero.Solve for X.Graph the two coordinate pairs: (0,Y) and (X,0)Draw a line that includes both points.
24 VocabularyFunction – a relation in which each element of the domain is paired with exactly one element of the range (for each value of x there is a value for y, but each value of y cannot have more than one value of x)Vertical line test – if no vertical line can be drawn so that it intersects the graph in more than one place, the graph is a functionFunction notation – f(x) replaces y in the equation.


text:
The communication/gaming major and/or minor concentrates on developing both the technical production skills and the communication strategies necessary for the successful implementation of digital interactive media. Students will learn to analyze and assess the quality and meaning of a variety of digital messages, including games, websites, web video, and interactive video and audio, employing these skills to create and deliver their own content while ensuring that the audience or user is able to understand, absorb, and utilize this content as intended.
Classes in the communication/gaming thread provide an opportunity for students to gain expertise in audio, video, writing for the new web, and games/ interactivity. Students learn how to build strong interfaces, compose storyboards, conduct usability assessments, and manage large-scale projects. Theory classes focus on the role of games in developing culture and communicating messages, intersections and interactions between audio and video, and approaches for the optimization of social media. Video games are evaluated as a cultural phenomenon equivalent to film, television, and radio. Practicum courses provide real-world opportunities for students to hone their skills in web video production, motion graphics, composition/scoring, producing, production management, advanced web development, public relations, marketing, and entrepreneurial business development for the new web. With a combination of practical experience and theoretical knowledge, the communication/gaming student will prepare for careers that focus on the successful implementation of a variety of media, with expertise including website design and construction, interaction and interface development, casual/serious/educational/mobile game design and development, interactive video and audio, usability testing, game media production, game theory, game analysis, writing for games, and game design documents.
Gaming/Communication Career Opportunities
- Website developer/designer
- Flash site developer/designer
- Serious game developer
- Interface designer
- Usability engineer
- Game producer


text:
In this study, the experimental and theoretical vibrational frequencies of a newly synthesized tert-Butyl N-(thiophen-2yl)carbamate have been investigated. The experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) spectrum of the molecule in the solid phase have been recorded. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) have been calculated by using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP: Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) and DFT/M06-2X (the highly parametrized, empirical exchange correlation function) quantum chemical methods with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09W software, for the first time. The vibrational frequencies have been assigned using potential energy distribution (PED) analysis by using VEDA 4 software. The computational optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies have been found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, and with related literature results. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies and the other related molecular energy values have been calculated and are depicted.
Keywords: FT-IR spectra; HOMO–LUMO; Thiophene; Vibrational study.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


text:
An introduction to the history linked with the Ss Mary & John churchyard
Map references, e.g. F57, refer to the area and grave number given on the maps of the churchyard produced by the Oxfordshire Family History Society in 2003 and reproduced from their CD-ROM with permission.
East Oxford started to become a suburb of Oxford City in the mid-nineteenth century when the area was being developed by a number of new landowners. Previously the area had been orchards and fields. People were moving to live in cities as generally more opportunities for work existed in urban, rather than rural, areas. Father Benson had been appointed as the vicar of St James in Cowley in 1850 and his parish included the developing east Oxford area (some early residents from east Oxford were buried in Cowley St James churchyard). Father Benson saw the need to develop services for this increasing local population and eventually moved to live on the Iffley Road. One of his first projects was to establish the "Iron Church" in Stockmore Street in October 1859. Ten years later in 1869 he became the first vicar of the newly established Cowley St John parish.
Ss Mary & John Churchyard was consecrated on the 1st October 1878 by the Lord Bishop of the Diocese. His address is described in the parish magazine published later in the month. The following extract refers to the problems of burial space, and to the hopes vested in the churchyard that it would become a special place for local people - a place of thankfulness and remembrance.
Aerial view of east Oxford
[The Bishop referred to the]". many differences and controversies about burial grounds,... which divided men, and caused a good deal of bitterness and discontent all over the country.... But everything had been done to obviate all the difficulties of that question here, for there was an ample piece of ground for those who desired to make use of it, and yet were outside the church, and no person could complain that he had been neglected. Then as there had been difficulties hitherto about church grounds, it had been provided that the care and control of this churchyard should be in the hands of persons who could deal with every case according to its needs, and who would not be fettered by conditions and circumstances which applied to the older burying places. In fact, provision had been made, thoughtfully and carefully made, to meet all the difficulties on one side and on the other, which had grown up about this burials question.
He was also very glad that the ground... was laid out with so much care and taste,... [so that] those who lived about it [could] make it a place of resort. By and bye they would wish to visit the graves of those who were buried there, not in a spirit of gloominess, but in a spirit of thankfulness, not of cheerfulness, perhaps, but with thankful, happy, and quiet remembrance of the departed, and hope for the future. He hoped to see the ground laid out, with flowers and shrubs all in their order, so that they may go in the summer time and walk up and down there, and enjoy themselves with many happy thoughts, amid all the memories of the past. It seemed to him that a well-kept churchyard was one of the best outward proofs of the cultivation and good feeling of the people of the place."
Ss Mary & John Church in 1883, 1903 and 2007
The churchyard was a crucial facility for the people of east Oxford. We can gain an insight into the way people lived in the nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies by investigating the inscriptions on the memorials and grave markers. Those buried in the graves are representative of the local population and the inscriptions give a clue as to personal contributions to the life of the community, personal circumstances, organizations and occupations. There is a separate section (H) in the churchyard for non-conformists.
Four TABLES of memorials are available. Details of each inscription are on the CD-ROM obtainable from the Oxfordshire Family History Society.
1. A selection of the people buried in the churchyard
The Cowley Fathers Memorial
Amongst significant individuals are Father Benson, the founder of the Society of St John the Evangelist; John Irving, the first headmaster of Ss Mary & John School; Thomas Gray, a local builder; Alfred Mardon Mowbray, the architect who designed the church; George Wildon Pieritz, a former rabbi who became a priest and missionary; and Henry Woodward, tailor and outfitter, co-founder of Shepherd and Woodward Ltd on the High Street.
Examples of organizations represented are: The Sisters of the Holy Childhood; All Saints Sisters of the Poor; the Society of St John the Evangelist; local schools; the workhouse - Edwin Cole and Lucinda Stedham were the workhouse master and matron, and the workhouse chaplain is also buried in the churchyard; and Bartlemas house and chapel, formerly a medieval leper hospital, which is linked by the inscription on Annie Miller's gravestone (died 1883, aged 34) which indicates that she had leprosy – also a link to the public health issues in the area.
The occupations and trades in the area ranged from professional to manual workers and reflect the circumstances of the time. Many local people worked in the university as college servants, others worked in the building trade, and there are librarians, bakers, grocers and nurses. Other interesting occupations include: paviour (a person who laid paving), printer's compositor, tailor journeyman, sub-conductor of Bengal Ordinance Department. Occupations such as coachmaker, whitesmith and blacksmith have disappeared from the area. Yet some have probably been re-named, such as Inspector of Nuisances, now under the auspices of environmental health. Similarly, lunatic asylum attendants would now be considered mental health nurses.
2. Priests and members of religious orders
There are a large number of priests and members of religious orders buried in the churchyard. Some were not directly associated with the area.
3. War-associated and military graves
Most of those listed in this table were killed on active service, or died later from their wounds during the First and Second World Wars. However, other military personnel are also included.
4. Children's graves
There are areas in the churchyard where there is a concentration of children's graves from different historical periods, for example: west of the church towards Leopold Street (F57-192), alongside the woodchip path parallel to the central path (D2A-D23A) and next to the church on its south side (A240-244). Some children are buried with their families in other parts of the churchyard.
FACT SHEETS have been compiled on the following topics to give background information and direction to other sources:
1. History of Ss Mary & John Churchyard
This Fact Sheet describes the history of Ss Mary & John Churchyard from its inception in 1869 when Father Richard Benson became vicar of the newly established parish of Cowley St John. The churchyard was consecrated in 1878 and its geometrical arrangement is unchanged since it was originally constructed. The Fact Sheet also describes some of the memorial inscriptions which have been recorded by the Oxfordshire Family History Society, and which reveal a wide variety of people buried in the churchyard. The range of professions represented can be seen in a selection of memorials. Other lists of memorials contain: memorials to priests and members of religious orders; memorials to children; memorials to members of the armed services.
2. Father Richard Meux Benson, 1824–1915
This Fact Sheet describes the life and works of Richard Benson, the first vicar of the Parish of Cowley St John. It outlines his early life, his education at Christ Church, Oxford, and ordination into the Church of England. It then describes his work as a Parish Priest and founder of the Society St John the Evangelist and lists the social projects that he started in east Oxford. Father Benson is buried in the churchyard of Ss Mary and John where the memorial to the Society of St John the Evangelist now stands. He is also commemorated on the octagonal plinth of the tall memorial cross that stands in the churchyard.
3. Schools in the parish of Cowley St John, nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
This Fact Sheet describes the schools in the parish, concentrating on those founded by the church and their subsequent development. Ss Mary & John School still stands on its original site, and John Irving, its founding headmaster, is buried in the churchyard.
4. The Workhouse
In 1865 a workhouse for 330 inmates was completed on the Cowley Road. This Fact Sheet traces its development and its links with people buried in the churchyard.
5. Public Health
This Fact Sheet describes the development of Public Health in east Oxford during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It explains how changes in legislation and medical understanding of infection and disease coincided with the development of east Oxford as a residential area. It also describes what medical services were available to the less well off in east Oxford before the introduction of the National Health Service.
6. Religious Orders
This Fact Sheet describes the origins of the various religious orders residing in the parish during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They were: the Society of St John the Evangelist; the Community of St John the Baptist; the Sisterhood of the Holy Childhood; All Saints Sisters of the Poor; the Community of St Peter; and the Sisterhood of the Compassion. Of these, only All


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Perhaps the Ichetucknee's greatest historical treasure is the Mission de San Martin de Timucua. This Spanish/ Native American village was one of the major interior missions serving the important Spanish settlement of St. Augustine. The mission, built in 1608 flourished through most of that century. The river and springs were used consistently by even earlier cultures of Native Americans, dating back thousands of years. During the 1800s, early travelers on the historic Bellamy Road often stopped at Ichetucknee Springs to quench their thirst. Later that century, a gristmill and general store were located at Mill Pond Spring. With high quantities of limestone at or just below the ground surface, the area became early headquarters for North Florida's phosphate industry in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Small surface mines are still visible throughout the park. Continuing through the 1940s, cypress and longleaf pine forests were harvested by the local timber and naval stores industries. Ichetucknee Springs State Park was purchased by the State of Florida in 1970 from the Loncala Corporation to preserve one of the state's outstanding natural wonders. In 1972, the U.S. Department of the Interior declared the Ichetucknee Spring a National Natural Landmark.
Immediately after the Civil War, northern Florida received a great influx of settlers. The area around Fort White was still considered wild frontier when the small community was incorporated in 1870. Soon after, the nearby town of Ichetucknee sprang up along the banks of Mill Pond Spring. By 1884, Ichetucknee had its own post office, grist mill, and smithy. The Ichetucknee River was the lifeblood of the communities and settlers such as the Dampier Family came frequently to the river banks to swim, bathe, hunt, fish and worship. Before devastating hurricanes, severe winters and a boll weevil infestation ravaged Fort White in the early 1900s, industries included phosphate-mining, citrus, cotton, and railroad commerce. During its heyday, Fort White boasted more than 2,000 residents.
Phosphate mining in the park covered two major periods. Exploration mining began prior to the turn of the 20th century, consisting of mule and wheelbarrow-assisted excavation in nearby sinkholes and depressions. Later, the mine used boilers, pumps and steam shovels for ore extraction. A series of narrow-gauge railroads were installed to cart the ore out to local railroad lines. This early phase of mining was never as intrusive as our present-day methods, but many pits were left in the park and are still present today, especially around the Head Spring area. Another relic of the phosphate era is the series of 'tram beds' crisscrossing the park, left behind from the railroad conveyances.
During the early 1900s, the towns of Ichetucknee and Fort White began dwindling under the strain of economic hardship. Saw mills and turpentine operations were established to replace the old industries, and forests throughout the area suffered. Most of the original longleaf pine stands in the park were cleared for lumber and turpentine production. Old catface 'whiskers' and the remnants of clay collecting pots can still be seen near some of the ancient snags and stumps. Along the lower river, near the Head Spring, cedar trees were harvested and shipped to local pencil factories.
Although tubing the river is a relatively recent innovation, for many decades the springs of the Ichetucknee have been prized by locals as favorite gathering spots. In the days before automobiles, people used to endure hours on dusty, bumpy back roads by horseback or wagon to enjoy the cool waters. The Head Spring in particular was popular for family reunions, baptisms, picnics and camping. Old timers tell stories of chilling watermelons in the small feeder springs around the Head Spring. Women used to tie up their skirts to go fishing, trapping their catch bare-handed against logs and throwing them up on shore.
Loncala Phosphate Company owned the land surrounding Ichetucknee Springs during the 1950s and 1960s. It was during this time that folks discovered tubing and droves of college students from the Gainesville area crowded into the river and springs to partake of this popular summer ritual. Loncala allowed recreational usage of the river, but the high volume of visitors soon overwhelmed the company and the natural resources. In 1970, Loncala, concerned for the protection of this fragile spring-run ecosystem, sold the property to the state of Florida for development as a state park. The state cleaned up the river and built facilities, and in 1972 the river and springs were declared a National Natural Landmark. The tubing experience is still enjoyed by thousands each year, and the Ichetucknee River remains one of the most pristine bodies of water in the state.


Backstroke basics and drills
Backstroke is a great workout, a quick and elegant stroke, and can even be a 'take it easy' gentle pace Sunday glide. But getting it right takes time and effort. So let's get to grip with some backstroke basics and drills.
Teething problems
Before we start on technique, first let's address the two common worries with backstroke – hitting other people from veering off in a random direction and hitting your head on the wall at the end of the pool. While they're both perfectly legitimate complaints, there's a simple fix for both.
 1. To swim in a straight line, keep your eyes open (wear goggles so unexpected waves don't distract you) and follow a fixed point on the ceiling throughout the length. If there are lane ropes, steal a sly glance in their direction now and again as well to make sure you're sticking a similar distance from it.
 2. To avoid hitting your head on the end of the pool mid-stroke, find a point on the ceiling between five and 10 metres from the wall (admittedly this can prove tricky if you're in a lido). Before you start your session, swim back and count how many strokes it takes to reach the wall. Then, when you pass this point during your swim, you will know how many strokes it will take before you touch.
Backstroke Technique Tips
View our full range of backstroke technique tips as a free Just Swim member – find out more on our Members site.
Whether you already subscribe to the wonders of backstroke or not, there are a few common mistakes which many swimmers fall into.
Mistake 1. Lack of rotation
Body position is one of the backstroke basics. It is vital to backstroke and many put undue strain on their muscles by keeping their body and legs in the same position.
Instead, naturally rotate your body through the shoulders and hips with your arm action, rotating to the left as your left arm enters the water and vice versa.
Body balance drill
 - Do not use arms at all in the initial stages of this drill simply lie flat on the water's surface with your arms down by your side, facing the ceiling, and rock your body from left to right keeping your core body tight and hips high in the water.
 - When you feel confident enough, rock to the left and raise your right arm up out of the water (ensuring you keep your elbows locked out) and place it back in the water close to your right ear. Whilst this motion is happening, slowly rock your body over to the right side as you have practised.
 - Once you have completed this entire movement you should be lying on the water's surface, right arm outstretched with your body rotated over to your right side. Remember to keep your head facing the ceiling throughout this drill.
Mistake 2. The Chin Tuck
The more you tuck your chin and raise your head, the more your hips and legs lower into the water. As well as causing dangerous strain on the neck, dropping your legs and body like this reduces the efficiency of your stroke as you're kicking down rather than flat.
Relax your head and your neck – it should stay completely still with your eyes looking up at the ceiling while your body rotates with the stroke.
Cup challenge drill
 - balance a half full plastic cup of water on your forehead and swim 25m without it falling off! If there are no plastic cups to hand, try it with your goggles.
 - The important thing is to start slowly and concentrate on relaxing your neck and keeping your head still.
Mistake 3. The straight arm
Once your arm has entered the water resist the temptation to keep it straight through the catch. If you're pushing water down your body will naturally move up and bob in the water and cause resistance.
The only direction you should be pushing water is towards your feet, so bend your arm at the elbow and sweep the arm and hand alongside your body.
The half keyhole drill
This is simple. Imagine you are following the outside line of a keyhole down the side of your body. This will help you get your arm action working properly.


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Nucciarelli, Alberto Sadowski, Bert M. Ruhle, Ernst-Olav
Year of Publication:
23rd European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunication Society, Vienna, Austria, 1-4 July 2012
The review of the Universal Service Obligation (USO) has recently been debated in the European Union (EU). Under discussion there was the extension of the current universal service definition to include broadband access, for which some theoretical and empirical support exists. In fact the determinants of information access, which are modified by market liberalization and technological developments, challenge the traditional definition of universal service and question whether there are new frontiers for the USO in the EU. This paper looks at the origins, the theoretical arguments for, and the empirical basis of the USO in the light of the ongoing debate in the EU, and links these arguments to technological development and changing demand conditions in European broadband markets. The authors predict the inclusion of a wider set of services based on Next Generation Access networks in the EU's new regulatory approach, although in November 2011 the European Union has denied this inclusion.
European Union universal service obligation next generation access networks


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Breast cancer incidence after the introduction of mammography screening: what should be expected?
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
BACKGROUND: A prevalence peak is expected in breast cancer incidence when mammography screening begins, but afterward the incidence still may be elevated compared with prescreening levels. It is important to determine whether this is due to overdiagnosis (ie, the detection of asymptomatic disease that would otherwise not have arisen clinically). In the current study, the authors examined breast cancer incidence after the introduction of mammography screening in Denmark. METHODS: Denmark has 2 regional screening programs targeting women ages 50 years to 69 years. The programs were initiated in 1991 and 1993, respectively. No screening takes place in the 13 other Danish regions. Data regarding incident breast cancers detected between 1979 and 2001 were retrieved from the Danish Cancer Registry for each screening region and for the rest of Denmark, and time trends in rates for women ages 50 years to 69 years were compared. From 1 program, individual screening data were used to analyze breast cancer incidence in women who were never screened, those who were screened for the first time, or those who previously were screened. RESULTS: The incidence of breast cancer was found to have increased regardless of screening. In the screening regions, a marked prevalence peak was observed, and the incidence hereafter was compatible with the level indicated by the 95% confidence limits for the regression curves for the rates in the prescreening period, taking into account the artificial ageing in the program, the influx of newcomers, and variations in the data. Women who had undergone previous screening were found to have the same incidence of breast cancer as women who were never screened. CONCLUSIONS: The data from the current study do not provide evidence of overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer in the 2 Danish screening programs or, if overdiagnosis was found to occur, it was only of limited magnitude.
|Number of pages||7|
|Publication status||Published - 2006|
Keywords: Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Denmark; Female; Humans; Incidence; Mammography; Middle Aged; Time Factors


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This 30 minute documentary is a collection of young Sri Lankan voices, speaking on their experiences of conflict and their ideas for moving forward. It is from the first phase of an ongoing project carried out by the Poverty and Conflict (PAC) programme at the Centre for Poverty Analysis.
With over 25 years of civil war coming to a close, an entire generation of young people now has the chance to experience relative peace. But what does this mean for people who have grown up only knowing war? Sri Lanka's conflict has defined their lives, resulting in lost childhoods, disrupted education, restricted freedom, heightened insecurity, and a narrowing of aspirations.
In its first part, the project focuses on more urban youth voices, and in the second, the project will speak to youth from more rural communities in Sri Lanka. The third stage of the project will focus on the comparison between the views of these groups and reflections by the production team on the process of making these documentaries.
Through this reflexive and evolving process it is hoped that different narratives of the conflict and its impacts will be given a voice, and that they will feed into Sri Lanka's wider social discourse following the end of the war.
"Do we really want to live like this?
Duration 30 mins.
Feature: Historical roots and contemporary causes of conflict in Sri Lanka
Feature: Assassination of an activist
Feature: 18th anniversary of expulsion of northern Muslims by LTTE
Feature: "Black July", 1983


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My Friend Is Talking About Running Away: What Should I Do?
Many people who decide to run away think they'll find a life that's free of the troubles they have at home, only to discover they're faced with different, bigger problems. Life for runaway teens is hard. They often end up homeless, stealing, or even selling drugs or sex in an effort to make money. Every year in the United States, lots of runaway teens die, often because they are attacked, become ill, or take their own lives.
People tend to run away for a lot of reasons: abuse (whether it's physical, emotional, or sexual), family troubles, or problems with school, bullying, or friends. Some teens run away because of alcohol or drug problems — their own or a family member's. Others run away to be with someone.
If a friend is thinking about running away, talk about why. Try to work together to help your friend find solutions to his or her problems. At the same time, speak with an adult you trust as soon as possible. Tell that adult that your friend is talking seriously about running away. If you don't feel comfortable telling your parents, ask another relative, a teacher, coach, school counselor, your family doctor, or a religious leader for help.
A trusted adult might be able to help your friend understand that there are better alternatives to running away. If your friend is still serious, though, make sure he or she has the number of the National Runaway Safeline: (800) RUNAWAY, or _PHONE_. This service for teens in need is open 24 hours a day, every day of the year. The safeline can help teens find food, shelter, and medical care, as well as provide counseling for homeless teens in crisis. The service will even help runaway teens contact people back home by providing a message service and setting up conference phone calls. Your friend doesn't need to be a runaway to call and ask their advice: Many of the teens who contact the safeline call from home or a friend's house before running away.
If your friend does run away, or if you haven't seen him or her in a few days and you think that's what's happened, take action immediately. Talk to a trusted adult and explain that you believe your friend ran away. Don't be shy about sharing any information about where your friend might be going, and don't wait in hopes that he or she might come back after a few days. Your friend's life could depend on it — the sooner it is reported, the more likely your friend will be found safe.


Skip to definition.
Verb: ensure en'shûr or in'shûr [N. Amer], en'shor or in'shor or en'shûr [Brit]
 1. Make certain in the future
 - guarantee, insure, assure, secure
 2. Be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
 "ensure that the curtains are closed";
 - see, check, insure, see to it, control, ascertain, assure
Sounds like: elusive, illusive, allusivee, insure, inshor
Derived forms: ensured, ensures, ensuring
Type of: verify
Encyclopedia: Ensure


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Long Jump Technique
The Long Jump Landing
Long Jump Landing - Preparation
Preparation for a good landing position starts at take-off with the body moving forward and up, this is called displacement. The displacement occurs on the take off, when the long jumper moves the body past the take off leg.
During the long jump, the jumper will try to overcome the forward rotation of the body with the technical style in the air: the most common styles are the stride technique, hang technique and hitch-kick technique for the long jump.
Peak Height of The Long Jump
During the peak height of the jump, the upper body should be tall with a flat back.
The long jumper must focus on staying tall during the jump the peak height of the jump.
At the peak of flight the jumper will start the landing preparation. The long jumper should bring both arms up, the upper body will be tall with the arms fully extended over the head at the peak of the jump. The knees are brought up as the jumper descends. Then, after the knee are brought up, the legs extend out, this moves the center of mass away from the body.
Next, the long jumper extends the arms out as the feet are extend forward. The action of the hands moving forward and feet coming up will help slow down forward rotation, resulting in more time in the air and longer jumps.
The jumper will try and maintain a tall posture with minimal forward lean before impacting the sand.
Long Jump Landing – Impact and Finish
When the long jumper hits the sand, the legs are flexed allowing the hips to move forward, the hips will slide into the impact area created by the feet. The hips moving forward optimize the jumping distance because the hips do not add to the marks from the feet in the sand. Some advanced jumpers turn to the side (opposite the take off leg) on impact to lessen the stress on the lower body.
LSU Coach Todd Lane explains the long jump landing in this video-


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A question that pops up from time to time, we recommend that you never use a bar of soap for your face, here's why...
- Your skin generally has a pH of around 5 whereas soap's pH ranges from 8-10, this instantly changes your skin's acid balance stripping it of moisture and creating dryness and dehydration which can create and accentuate enlarged pores and wrinkles.
- What about oily skin? When you strip the skin of its natural moisture it then compensates for what you have just removed by producing even more, this can lead to sebum build up and blocked pores.
- Your skins acid mantel carries out important protective functions such as warding off harmful bacteria, irritants, and allergens. When you remove this, you leave your skin vulnerable to infection which is harmful to the health of your skin.
- Bar soap is often heavily scented and sometimes dyed. These manufactured synthetics often spell trouble for your skin, creating hypersensitivity issues.
- Bar soap can breed bacteria, especially if multiple people are using it to wash their hands.
We recommend that you use a true facial cleanser that suits your skins needs. See our Cleansers - Your skin will thank you!
If you would like personalised advice please get in touch, we are dedicated to helping you feel happy and confident with your skin both now and in the future.


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JSI Tip 2964. DCpromo does NOT warn you if the DNS server it creates uses a dynamic IP address?
Windows 2000 does NOT require that a DNS, or WINS, server use a static IP address, but it is highly recommended.
If the IP address of a DNS or WINS server changes, you can experience client connectivity problems and increased network traffic.
If you manually create a DNS server using the Control Panel applet, you are warned that the DNS service should have a static IP address.
When you use DCpromo to create the DNS server, you are NOT warned when the server uses DHCP to acquire an IP address.
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Author(s): Glenis Heath; Heather McKenzie; Laurel Tully
The fourth edition of Food Solutions: Food Studies Units 1 & 2 has been re-written specifically for the new Food Studies VCE Study Design. The trusted author team has added exciting new dishes from around the world to complement existing much-loved recipes, each accompanied by nutritional information to reflect the increased focus on enabling students to understand and own their food decisions. Featuring fully updated case studies and activities, designed to increase students' understanding and awareness of the issues surrounding food supply and consumption, Food Solutions builds a foundation of learning for students to live better and pursue further training and employment in food-related industries. *Complimentary access to NelsonNet is available to teachers who use the accompanying student book as a core resource in their classroom. Contact your education consultant for access codes and conditions.


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Empowerment for newly arrived communities and second-generation youth
When we talk empowerment within Exuli project, we tackle it within the framework of social and educational work where empowerment is identified as the process of enhancing an individual's perception of one's own capacities to make decisions and to overcome one's own challenges.
In this project, our beneficiaries are young migrants that they were in most of the cases obliged to leave their homeland seeking for a new hope and a new life.
Most of them find themselves in a common situation: they have to build or rebuild themselves in a territory that has its own conditions, language, codes and morals different from the ones of their own culture. This situation may distort the image and conviction they have in their own competences and abilities.
Through the ateliers proposed in this project, our aim is to give back to those young migrants confidence in their abilities, to overcome the condition of vulnerability that some migrants have due to learning a new language, lacking of self-esteem, or other emotional, social and economic challenges. It aims also making these people pass from a status of receiver to the status of holder of the knowledge, through a process of empowerment.
The combination of the Lacanian psychoanalytical practice with the non-formal education one, has the aim to promote an integrated approach that makes the empowerment of young migrants in the heart of their hosting strategy in the different countries.


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Any client can download packages from a repository that is configured to serve packages over HTTP. In some cases, you need to restrict access. One way to restrict access to the repository is to run the depot server behind an SSL-enabled Apache instance that supports client certificates.
Using SSL provides the following benefits:
Ensures encrypted transfer of package data between the client and the server
Enables you to grant access to repositories based on the certificate the client presents to the server
To set up a secure repository server, you must create a custom certificate chain:
Create a certificate authority (CA), which is the head of the certificate chain.
Issue certificates from this CA to the clients that are allowed to access the repository.
One copy of the CA is stored on the repository server. Whenever a client presents a certificate to the server, that client certificate is verified against the CA on the server to determine whether to grant access.
This section describes the following steps to create the certificate chain and configure the Apache front end to verify client certificates:
Create a keystore
Create a certificate authority for client certificates
Add SSL configuration to the Apache configuration file
Create a self-signed server certificate authority
Create a PKCS12 keystore
For information about Apache web server privileges in Oracle Solaris, see Locking Down Resources by Using Extended Privileges in Securing Users and Processes in Oracle Solaris 11.2.


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If you're anything at all like this writer, you don't spend a lot of time inspecting brownies past the initial object identification phase, preferring to insert them directly into the mouth post-haste. But those with more of an aesthetic focus take great care to produce brownies with a glossy, attractive skin. [Adam Ragusea] decided to find out what it takes to get a perfect brownie skin, time after time.
After many, many trays of brownies, [Adam], with the assistance of [Dr. Pia Sörensen], determined that the key seems to be making a brownie mixture with very finely dissolved sugar, in sucrose form, with a carefully controlled amount of water in the mixture. This produces a thick mixture which can hold together against the gases bubbling out during the cooking process, and produces a nice glossy skin. Too much water, and the mixture isn't viscous enough to hold up, leading to brownies full of pock marks, while alternative sugars like fructose and glucose likely disrupt the ordered structure of sucrose molecules necessary for a shiny surface.
Together, [Adam] and [Pia] do a great job of exploring the molecular chemistry behind the process, as well as ruling out several myths that have been perpetuated in the viciously insular brownie subculture. All they're missing is a set of standardised reflectivity tests executed with an Arduino and some photodiodes, but we'll assume that was just cut for time. We've seen other hacks in the realm of molecular gastronomy before, like this homebrew kitchen centrifuge. Video after the break.
Continue reading "How To Bake Brownies With A Perfect Glossy Skin"
After multiple iterations [Keef] has nailed down the fabrication process for an unusual component. Using only a heater water bath, some silicone and easily available reagents, [Keef] demonstrate how he manufactures a gastronomic enigma: the long egg.
The similarities between [Keef's] process and the typical hacker iteration cycle are eggceptional. He starts out with a goal and iterates, modifying his methods until he gets the perfect long egg. Sound familiar? Cooking can be as much of a science as it is an art.
In his quest, [Keef] utilizes sausage casing, plastic bags, sticky tape, "lots of sweat and almost some tears" to hold eggs for cooking via an Anova Precision Cooker immersion circulator. However, [Keef] notes, the Anova is normally used for sous vide cooking so you might not have one sitting around. In that case, you can use a regular pan on a stovetop along with a digital thermometer, but you'll have to be quite vigilant to keep the temperature steady.
But wait. Why would one want a long egg in the first place? I'll leave this explanation to [Keef]. "Well, the main use is in a Gala Pie (a long pork pie baked in a loaf tin and often cut into slices for picnics). Or you could just slice the egg and lay it out on a platter and amaze your friends with how every slice is exactly the same size."
Go check out [Keef's] two videos. He has two, one that chronicles the eggciting initial attempts, and another that describes his final method. With [Keef's] help, the number of long eggs outside of Denmark may substantially increase. But, if you'd rather have some pizza, we won't be offended.
If you have not heard of the sous-vide method of cooking you are not alone. This method uses a low temperature water bath to cook food in airtight plastic bags. Because the temperatures are much lower than normal the cooking time must be much longer and the actual temperature is very critical. The advantage is that the food is heated evenly without overcooking the outside. Since the food is bagged, it also retains moisture.
[Brian] put together a sous-vide control system to automatically maintain the correct temperature of a rice cooker. A temperature control unit was sourced on eBay for about $15. This is not a bad deal considering it has an LED display, control buttons, built-in relay and thermometer input. The control unit is mounted inside a project box with a few other components. The 120 volt AC line comes into the box where the neutral and ground are connected to the control unit and a standard outlet. The hot wire is connected directly to the control unit which determines if the hot wire is or isn't connected to the outlet by using its built-in relay.
Continue reading "Precision Temperatures For Cooking Or Whatever"
Turkey day is fast approaching and for those of us not cool enough to be rocking the deep-fried turkey this year we'll have to suffer though a potentially dry oven-roasted bird. Chef [Justin] came up with a great way to prevent dried out white meat on a turkey using ice of all things.
The enemy of moist and tender breast meat is heat. Cooking meat for too long will dry it out. There's a problem, though: the breast is the thickest part of the bird which means it will take longer than the legs or thighs to reach the necessary 160 degrees. [Justin] figured that if he could cool down the breast with ice, it will take longer to cook and both the white and dark meat will come out perfectly.
[Justin] set up a test with two 15-pound birds. Both turkeys were allowed to come up to room temperature, then ice packs were put on the breast of one bird for 15 minutes. This lowered the temperature of the experimental breast by a few degrees. Both birds were then thrown into the oven.
After coming out of the oven, both birds looked great. The bird treated with ice packs appeared to be more tender and moist. Sounds like the perfect thing to pull out of our bag of tricks next week.


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Promoting the support of public television and volunteerism, the National Friends of Public Broadcasting is an autonomous and independent national organization for volunteers in public broadcasting. It was born out of a series of meetings held in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The first of these occurred in May 1969, at WNDT (Channel 13) in New York; it was attended by representatives of seven major public television stations, and chaired by Frances Schuman, who at that time was the Chairman of the Friends of 13, the volunteer group at WNDT. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss the potential establishment of a national organization for volunteers in public television; the consequence was the creation of the Committee for the Formation of the National Friends of Public Television. Subsequently, additional formal meetings of the organizing committee took place in 1969 and 1970, resulting in the formation of the National Friends of Public Broadcasting in May 1970, with Frances Schuman as chair. During these developmental stages, an ad hoc committee helped to solve initial problems by writing a statement of purpose and draft by-laws; the basic organizational structure, such as the Board of Trustees, officers, and various committees, were also established during this period. Frances Schuman resigned as the group's chair in 1975.
On July 27, 1970, after initial support from Channel 13, NFPB was officially incorporated, therefore receiving non-profit and tax-exempt status. Also, during this period, the organization obtained in-kind support, including working facilities, such as secretarial support and office space, from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. In October 1970, a grant was received from the Carnegie Corporation of New York for the amount of $281,000, which was distributed over a three year period. In its fourth year, the group received grants from the Markle and Rockefeller Foundations, in addition to continuing support from the Carnegie Corporation. Circa 1974/1975, stations were asked to contribute financially for the first time. Later, after the loss of external funding, NFPB depended solely upon money raised from membership dues (both group and individual) and annual conferences, and occasional in-kind support from stations. Currently, all officers are non-paid.
The purposes of NFPB are several. It helps local volunteer groups organize and existing groups to solve difficulties. It encourages community involvement and support for public television, and it creates an informed national constituency of lay people to represent concerned citizens, as well as the needs and problems of public television. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role and importance of the volunteer by aiding the establishment and development of local volunteer groups and by promoting volunteer activities at the station level. NFPB also promotes cooperation between station management and volunteers, the exchange of ideas among local volunteer groups, volunteer efforts to raise funds and increase membership, and the effective use of volunteers. To fulfill these objectives, the organization holds annual and regional conferences; publishes a newsletter; maintains a communications network among station volunteer representatives, station managers, the media, national organizations dedicated to public broadcasting, and the public; and has founded a speakers bureau. NFPB's goals and purpose have essentially remained the same over time.
NFPB holds a conference each year in conjunction with the annual meeting of Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)/Association of America's Public Television Stations (APTS). The first of these occurred in May 1971, in New York City. During these conferences, a series of awards is presented to deserving individuals or groups with multiple winners in each of three major categories, including awards for outstanding public broadcasting volunteers and for community development and fund raising efforts. Finally, the uniqueness of this group lies in its support of both public radio and television, its purpose, and its officers, particularly the fact that the group was established and led by women which continues today.


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fully inundated. The result is less resistance to flow and greater potential for extreme storm flooding.
To evaluate potential future flooding due to a specific hurricane, ADCIRC inputs are modified to reflect future conditions and then storm simulations are repeated. In this manner, a wide range of potential future scenarios may be evaluated. Properly representing "future conditions" is more than simply increasing water depths to account for additional water volume in oceans. In addition to increasing water levels, many coastal regions are experiencing significant subsidence. Rising seas combined with lowering land can result in very large variations in Relative Sea Level Rise (RSLR) along the coast. Moreover, RSLR induces changes to vegetation at the coastal margin. As vegetation adjusts to changing salinity and water level, so too will the frictional resistance that vegetation has on flood waters. When vegetation is thick and healthy, flood levels can be partially attenuated. As marshes and other forms of coastal habitat retreat due to RSLR, flood waters can more easily penetrate inland. ADCIRC uses a Manning's n formulation to account for frictional resistance. The loss of vegetation can add considerably to increased flood risk.
View Larger Image – © Credit: John Atkinson, Arcadis U.S., Inc.
A map of hurricane flooding risk illustrates the Maximum Envelope of Water (MEOW) from many hurricane surge model simulations in southern Louisiana under present day conditions in 2011. The MEOW is useful in revealing areas of extreme flooding that may arise from possible hurricane scenarios. These simulations are based upon present day sea level and present day frictional characteristics.
View Larger Image – © Credit: John Atkinson, Arcadis U.S., Inc.
A 2075 map of hurricane flooding risk illustrates the MEOW from the same set of hurricane storm conditions, but under a 5 ft. increase in sea level and the diminished frictional characteristics. A comparison of the 2011 and 2075 MEOW shows that maximum flooding potential has doubled the height of storm water surge in some areas.
As with sea level rise itself, morphological changes and vegetation changes occur slowly overtime. Models such as SLAMM and ADCIRC can be used to evaluate cumulative effect of these changes. Often, a future scenario is evaluated by simulating a representative set of hypothetical storm and hurricane events and deriving a statistical flood level for the scenario, or generating a Maximum Envelope Of Water (MEOW). MEOW indicates maximum flood at each location, which occurred during all simulations. An example MEOW is provided in the accompanying figures for which the region of interest is between New Orleans and
Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Note that maximum flood levels are not simply 5 ft. higher than present day values. In fact, flood increase is as much as twice the RSLR amount. This behavior is in part a result of decreased vegetation and ability of deeper water to support larger waves, which bring energy further inland. Note also that flood level increase varies throughout the region. This suggests a complexity to predicting future conditions, which makes the use of computer simulation very valuable.
One of the most powerful benefits of using computer models is to explore a range of likely scenarios in order to define limits of potential flood risks. Future RSLR forecasting contains significant uncertainty, and there are a range of RSLR rates suggested by the IPCC. The range of IPCC estimates are not associated with statistics to identify which RSLR scenario is most likely. In addition, storm events are drivers of extreme events, but much uncertainty exists in predictions of how storm frequency and magnitude will change as climate changes. Thus, while the increasing severity of a particular extreme event for a future SLR scenario can be demonstrated, it cannot be known if that event will also occur more often. Modeling is an ideal tool to wrestle with these uncertainties and should be used to identify and to prioritize the most vulnerable regions of coastline.
Planners are faced with a complacent public who readily dismiss sea level rise as irrelevant based upon conflicting and uncertain scenarios presented by the scientific community, and based upon the seemingly small annual rate of increase. However, sea level rise has more visible impact on extreme events than on daily events. Modeling reveals that extreme events are susceptible to increases much greater than just simple addition of the sea level rise amount. This is an important finding that planners and government agencies must communicate to the public. Despite uncertainties in climate forecasts, models can provide insight to the range of possible future risks, which can then be used to inform planning decisions and to build adaptive resiliency into new infrastructure development.
No individual Federal or state conservation program can address sea level adaptation and mitigation on the scale needed by individual installations or regional commands. One approach is to create innovative, actionable, multi-party implementation plans to address complex land use and ecological challenges on behalf of DoD. These would include developing landscape-scale, multi-stakeholder issue identification forums and solutions to climate change impacts on DoD installations. This could also include implementation strategies to acquire new training land to offset DoD land made unusable by sea level rise, to create off base conservation banks to replace critical habitat on base lost to climate change
and to develop multi-party programs to acquire sea level rise buffers around DoD land. Other implementation strategies include using "natural defenses" to sea level rise, such as creation and protection of wetlands, restoration and protection of submerged aquatic vegetation and oyster reefs, restoration and protection of shorelines, stabilization of streambanks, creation and protection of riparian forest buffers, reforestation and beneficial use of dredged material for shoreline and habitat restoration. The goal is a comprehensive regional sea level rise management strategy to address impacts of critical habitat loss and low-level military training routes. This plan would provide installation commanders a range of implementation options and a set of recommendations on engaging appropriate stakeholders to achieve common objectives. The implementation phase of this sea level rise adaptation strategy is based on the premise that military operations must be protected from future sea level rise impacts. And, it will take a coordinated effort by military leaders, Federal, state and local agencies, and private conservation organizations to achieve this goal in a realistic, affordable, environmentally sensitive manner.Issue No. 12, 2011
Photo by Carolyn Currin, NOAA
Protecting shorelines by monitoring increases in land elevation through increased soil accretion rates as a result
of increased productivity of marsh grasslands.
Robert Mickler is a Program Manager with Alion Science and Technology, Inc. He has spent 12 years as part of the U.S. Global Change Research Program and authored a Legacy Natural Resource Program project report on the impacts of sea level rise to DoD coastal installations in North Carolina (_URL_ Mickler has been an advocate for DoD science-based planning and implementation of sea level rise risk assessments and adaptation strategies. (See livebetter Jan/Feb 2011 issue, The Strategic Implications of Sea Level Rise.) For more information, contact Mickler at _EMAIL_.
John Atkinson, PhD, provides technical leadership to the Hydrodynamic Modeling Group at ARCADIS. He specializes in using computational tools to predict circulation and flooding in rivers and coastal regions for a variety of projects for both public and industrial clients. ARCADIS has a legacy of successful projects with Federal agencies, which includes leadership in the largest water restoration and flood control program in U.S. history with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in New Orleans. In addition, ARCADIS has provided assistance to the U.S. Department of Defense throughout the world with base closures and innovative remediation programs that remove risk and uncertainty. For more information, contact Atkinson at _EMAIL_.


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The law of Ireland consists of constitutional, statute and common law. The highest law in the State is the Constitution of Ireland, from which all other law derives its authority. The Republic has a common-law legal system with a written constitution that provides for a parliamentary democracy based on the British parliamentary system, albeit with a popularly elected president, a separation of powers, a developed system of constitutional rights and judicial review of primary legislation.
- Constitutional law
- Statute law
- Secondary legislation
- Common law
- European Union law
- International law
The sources of Irish law reflect Irish history and the various parliaments whose law affected the country down through the ages. Notable omissions from the list include laws passed by the first and second Dáil, and the Brehon Laws which were traditional Celtic laws, the practice of which was only finally wiped out during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. These latter laws are void of legal significance and are of historical interest only.
The Irish Constitution was enacted by a popular plebiscite held on 1 July 1937, and came into force on 29 December of the same year. The Constitution is the cornerstone of the Irish legal system and is held to be the source of power exercised by the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government. The Irish Supreme Court and High Court exercise judicial review over all legislation and may strike down laws if they are inconsistent with the constitution.
The Constitution can only be amended by referendum. A proposal to amend the Constitution is introduced into Dáil Éireann (the lower house of parliament) as a bill and if passed by the Dáil, and passed or deemed to have been passed by the Senate (the upper house), is put to the people. Only Irish citizens resident in the state may vote. There is no threshold for such referendums and a simple majority of voters is sufficient for a proposal to be passed. Once passed by the people the President signs the referendum bill into law. As of November 2011, there have been 33 such referendums: 23 of which were approved by the people and 10 of which were rejected. The constitution was also amended twice during an initial transitional period of three years following the election of the first President of Ireland, when amendments could be made without recourse to the people.
Modern-day statute law is made by the bicameral National Parliament — more commonly known by its Irish name, the Oireachtas. Acts of the Oireachtas are split into sequentially numbered sections and may be cited by using a short title which gives the act a title roughly based on its subject matter and the year in which it was enacted. While the Oireachtas is bicameral, the upper house, the Senate, has little power which at most allows the Senate to delay rather than veto legislation, something that has only happened twice since 1937.
Article 50 of the Constitution of Ireland carried over all laws that had been in force in the Irish Free State prior to its coming into force on 29 December 1937. A similar function had been fulfilled by Article 73 of the Constitution of the Irish Free State, which carried over all legislation that had in force in Southern Ireland. As a result, while the Irish state has been in existence for less than one hundred years, the statute book stretches back in excess of 800 years. By virtue of the Statute Law Revision Act 2007, the oldest Act currently in force in Ireland is the Fairs Act 1204. The statute law of Ireland includes law passed by the following:
Notwithstanding the declaration in the 1937 constitution that the Oireachtas is to be "the sole and exclusive" legislature, it has long been held that it is permissible for the Oireachtas to delegate its law-making power(s) to other bodies as long as such delegated legislation does not exceed the "principles and policies" set out in the relevant authorising statute.
All instances of delegated legislation in the Republic are known as statutory instruments, although only a small sub-set of these are numbered as statutory instruments and published by the Stationery Office. This latter subset is composed of statutory instruments which are required to be laid before the Oireachtas or which are of general application.
In addition, a body of charters, statutory rules and orders and other secondary legislation made prior to independence in 1922 continues to be in force in Ireland insofar as such legislation has not been revoked or otherwise ceased to be in force.
Ireland was the subject of the first extension of England's common law legal system outside England. While in England the creation of the common law was largely the result of the assimilation of existing customary law, in Ireland the common law was imported from England supplanting the customary law of the Irish. This, however, was a gradual process which went hand-in-hand with English (and later, British) influence in Ireland.
As with any common-law system, the Irish courts are bound by the doctrine of stare decisis to apply clear precedents set by higher courts and courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction. The main exception to this rule being that the Supreme Court has declared itself not to be bound by its own previous decisions.
While the doctrine clearly means that the present High Court is bound by decision of the present Supreme Court, it is not altogether clear whether the decisions of courts which previously performed the function of courts of last final appeal in Ireland – such as the British House of Lords – bind the present High Court. In Irish Shell v. Elm Motors, Mr. Justice McCarthy doubted that decisions of pre-independence courts bound the courts of the state, stating that "[i]n no sense are our Courts a continuation of, or successors to, the British courts." However the other two judges on the panel hearing the case declined to express an opinion on the matter as it had not been argued at the hearing of appeal.
Post-independence judgments of the British courts, and all judgments of the American and Commonwealth courts are of persuasive value only and do not bind the Irish courts.
European Union law
The European Communities Act 1972, as amended, provides that treaties of the European Union are part of Irish law, along with directly effective measures adopted under those treaties. It also provides that government ministers may adopt statutory instruments to implement European Union law and that as an exception to the general rule such statutory instruments have effect as if they were primary legislation.
Ireland is a dualist state and treaties are not part of Irish domestic law unless incorporated by the Oireachtas. An exception to this rule might well be the provision in the constitution which says that "Ireland accepts the generally recognised principles of international law as its rule of conduct in its relations with other States." However while this provision has been held to assimilate the doctrine of sovereign immunity into domestic law, the Supreme Court have held that the provision is not capable of conferring rights on individuals.
The dualist approach in international law contained in the Irish Constitution allows the state to sign and ratify treaties without incorporating them into domestic law. Thus while Ireland was one of the first states in Europe to ratify the European Convention on Human Rights it was one of the last to incorporate the Convention into domestic law. And when done it was not directly incorporated into Irish law but given indirect, sub-constitutional, interpretative incorporation.
In Crotty v. An Taoiseach, the Irish Supreme Court asserted a power to review the constitutionality of treaties signed by the state, such that the government could be prevented from signing up to international agreements which would be contrary to the constitution. A ruling which has resulted in ad hoc amendments to the constitution to permit the state to ratify treaties that might otherwise have been contrary to the constitution.


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pangram [pan-gruh m, -gram, pang-]
1. a sentence, verse, etc., that includes all the letters of the alphabet: the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Origin: First recorded in 1930-35; pan- + -gram
Now YOU come up with a sentence (or fic? or graphic?) that best illustrates the word.


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Investigating Motivations and Expectations of Asking a Question in Social Q&A
Social Q&A (SQA) has rapidly grown in popularity, impacting people's information seeking behaviors. Although previous research has examined how people seek and share information within SQA, fundamental questions of user motivations and expectations for information seeking remain. This paper applies the theoretical framework of uses and gratification theory to investigate the motivations for SQA use, and adapts relevance criteria from library and information science (LIS) literature to investigate expectations with regard to evaluation of content within SQA site Yahoo! Answers. A total of 75 Yahoo! Answers users participated in a survey that asked them about reasons, methods, and expectations relating to asking questions within the SQA site. Findings indicate the importance of motivations and expectations in fulfilling both cognitive and socio–affective needs based upon the type of task performed. These findings provide encouraging evidence that understanding the interrelationship between the motivations behind and expectations of asking a question can inform a more holistic framework to assess information.
Published in First Monday, Volume 19, Issue 3, Spring 2014.
© First Monday 2014, University of Illinois at Chicago Library
Choi, E., Kitzie, V., & Shah, C. (2014). Investigating motivations and expectations of asking a question in social Q and A. First Monday, 19(3).


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Over-the-Counter Livestock Antibiotics are moving to Prescription only on June 2023
Starting June, 2023, all currently available over-the-counter antibiotics for livestock will be available only as prescription medications. This new rule will impact all livestock species. Over-the-counter antibiotics are moving to prescription only to provide more veterinary oversight. Similar to the Veterinary Feed Directive, placing antibiotics under the supervision of veterinarians should result in more judicious use and less antibiotic resistance.
This change includes but is not limited to the following: Penicillin, Oxytetracycline, Sulfa antibiotics and Mastitis tubes. Some medications are not considered crucial for human medicine and will remain over-the-counter. This includes the following: Ionophores including Rumensin and Bovatec, Parasiticides, such as Ivermectin, Oral pre/pro/postbiotics, and topical non-antibiotic treatments.
Livestock producers must have a valid Veterinary-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR) in place before they can be prescribed antibiotics by a veterinarian. A VCPR is a working relationship between a veterinarian (veterinary clinic) and a client. Ideally, a VCPR is a documented agreement between both parties that includes a dedicated visit to the animal location(s) the client operates. This visit and documentation must occur at least once every year to maintain the VCPR.
Source : umn.edu
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