text:
Once built and deployed, enterprise-level software systems start the endless chase for the ever changing business requirements. With business and technologies constantly evolving, the software needs to be updated to match the new reality.
After two-three years of continuous improvements the system reaches the stage where the future development is constrained by the original design; adding new features takes a prohibitively long time, performance degrades while the number of inconsistencies grows dramatically. At this point the business has two paths to choose from: either build a brand new system based on new requirements or redesign the existing one. The second path is known as software reengineering.
Despite all the advantages that a new system might bring, reengineering provides the following benefits:
- Low cost compared to a new build
- Business continuity
Software reengineering is the right solution when:
- System performance has to be improved
- Data schema needs to be changed/extended
- The system has to be ported to a different platform
DataArt's methodology and expertise allow for reengineering of complex systems even in situations when the documentation is scarce or lacking.


text:
The 3 Best Dehumidifiers for Greenhouses
There's a vast tendency to have high moisture content in the greenhouse during the day. In the greenhouse, it's due to high temperature, whereas, at night, the condensation rate of the moisture in the air gets high. For this reason, condensate figures on the cooler surface, making a conducive environment for fungi and mildew such botrytis, which in turn dents the yield.
So, in this situation, you need a dehumidifier for your greenhouse. Only the dehumidifiers can provide you the fresh air in the greenhouse. They allow growers to control the climate in the greenhouse as it is insulated. So, install the best dehumidifier for a greenhouse for polluting free. We have come up with a list below.
ECO Farm 138L Portable Commercial Dehumidifier For Greenhouse
- ECO Farm's large-capacity dehumidifier has a built-in eight-liter large water tank with a large dehumidification capacity.
- Really large 1.5P dry experience, 3520W large cooling capacity, the greater the cooling capacity, the better the dehumidification effect.
- Highly equipped dehumidification, strong power, from good core, cold and high temperature resistance, stable performance, overload protection.
- Ultra-large centrifugal fan, matched with volute air duct, large air volume, enhance air circulation, and dehumidify stronger.
- Humanized functional design: Humidity housekeeper can accurately control humidity with simple operations. Time steward, 24-hour timer switch machine setting. With intelligent memory, the machine will automatically generate an operating mode based on the user's 90-day usage habits. The fault manager, the screen displays the cause of the fault, the display "E1" is the defrost sensor failure, and the display "E2" is the temperature and humidity sensor failure.
- The external drainage pipe can be directly discharged into the underground pipe to avoid the trouble of frequent water pouring.
- All copper two vessels, plus hydrophilic aluminum foil treatment process, condensing water is more efficient.
- Thickened and hardened metal shell, strong and wear-resistant, high-strength sheet metal material, the surface is sprayed, and has the characteristics of anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion.
ECO Farm Dehumidifier Machine For Greenhouse With 1200 CFM
1. World famous brand compressor, 3 minutes delay protection
2. Ambient humidity LCD display timely
3. Humidity control set freely, accuracy to ±1%
4. Continously drainage by external soft tube
5. Automatic defrosting when the ambient temperature is below 18℃
6. Timed shut down setting
7. Humidity sensor malfunction alert
8. High efficiency, energy saving
ECO Farm 90L Dehumidifier Machine System For Commercial Greenhouse
- High efficiency, low noise, energy saving
- Advanced user-friendly control panel and LED display
- Direct drainage for convenient control
- Double-rotor compressor, high efficiency and energy saving, high efficiency dehumidification
- The intelligent control system, automatic memory, fault self-checking, and automatic frost make the machine work smarter and more worry-free.
- Turbocharged fan, high air volume and low noise
- Full sheet metal structure, portable and more durable
- Multi-row copper pipes with internal thread, larger water condensing area, greatly improving dehumidification efficiency.
- It adopts Japan's Shenrong humidity sensor, high-precision measurement and control, the humidity controllable range is RH10%~99%, and the humidity control accuracy is ±3%RH.
- Three-Minute automatic delay for protecting the compressor.
- The bottom have universal wheels, in all directions, no dead angle, free movement
If you are also want to buy other grow equipments, welcome to visit our website: ecofarm.ca
Our emails address is: _EMAIL_
WhatsApp: _PHONE_
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The tsB5 isolate of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) enters host cells more rapidly than does KOS, an independent isolate of HSV-1, and this rate-of-entry determinant is located between prototypic map coordinates 0.350 and 0.360 (1). The nucleotide sequence of strain tsB5 has now been determined between prototypic map coordinates 0.347 and 0.360. Comparison of the tsB5 sequence to the homologous KOS sequence revealed that the rate-of-entry difference between these two HSV-1 strains may be due to the single amino acid difference observed within these sequences (0.350 to 0.360). A cell fusion determinant in tsB5 is located between coordinates 0.345 and 0.355 and to the left of the rate-of-entry determinant (1). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a second amino acid difference between tsB5 and KOS at coordinate 0.349. The cell fusion determinant was tentatively assigned to this location.


DetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 def validate_age(self, age):
 if age < 0:
 raise serializers.ValidationError('Age must be a positive number.')
 return age
 class Meta:
Complex validations
Sometimes you need to define a more complex validation inside the serializer class. An example is validating constraints between fields. A good way to do that is with the validate function: validate(self, data).
In summary, serializers are a good way to validate incoming data. In the previous example, PersonDetailSerializer is attached to the Person model. So by default, it does basic validation related to the model. For example, if the incoming name length is bigger than 50 characters, then the serializer raises an exception, because the maximum length was defined in the model. You don't need to make that explicit in the serializer. With Django, you can also define serializers that aren't attached to models, nest serializers and relationships between them, and more. Serializers are very powerful.
Finally, let's talk about templates. As I mentioned, they're great for generating dynamic code in Django. For example, template files can be used by the project frontend or to send emails.
Tip: Be aware of the order of apps defined in the project configuration, INSTALLED_APPS list.
It's important to take order into account because it's common for several apps to provide different versions of the same resource like a template or static file. If that happens, Django's default behavior is to first check in the templates folder of the first app in the list. But that can cause problems. Order matters. By knowing this, we can change the order of the INSTALLED_APPS according to our needs. Or we can just explicitly define the desired paths for specific resources. For a configuration example, read the Django docs.
Session management
Most web applications have users and authentication methods. In the spirit of don't reinvent the wheel, I recommend using an existing customizable solution for session management: django-rest-auth. You can easily integrate this set of REST API endpoints with your project. It resolves user registration, sign in, and sign out, as well as social account integration. Just use the provided endpoints and customize the models and functions to adapt them to your needs. For more information, see the Django REST authentication docs.
Create efficient programs
No matter what technology you use, it's always a good practice to create efficient programs.
Django has a database-abstraction API to makes queries easily. As an example, let's take another look at our Person model. First, we query the database for instances of people who are over 18 years old with this code:
over_18_people = Person.objects.filter(age__gte=18)
As its name suggests, the filter function filters the query according to our criteria. __gte means greater than or equal to.
Now imagine that we also have people's pets in our database:
from django.db import models
from applications.people.models import Person
class Pet(models.Model):
 owner = models.ForeignKey(Person, related_name='pets', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
ForeignKey defines a relationship between Person and Pet. A pet can belong to one person, and one person can have many pets. We might want to print the name of each person and the information about each person's pets for everyone in the system. This example shows an intuitive way to do that:
for person in Person.objects.all():
 print('pets info:')
 for pet in person.pets.all():
This solution works well, but how many times do the queries have to run? The answer is N + 1 times: once to get all the people and N times to get each person's pets, assuming N is the number of people in the database. If the value of N is very large, that makes a lot of queries.
Let's look at another solution to the same problem:
for person in Person.objects.all().prefetch_related('pets'):
 print('pets info:')
 for pet in person.pets:
This code also solves the problem, but the number of times it accesses the database is 1. That's a big difference.
Tip: Minimize the number of queries.
Finally, let's imagine your database is in another server, and a single query takes 1 ms to run. If there are 10,000 people in it, then the solution in the first example solution would take about 10 seconds to get things done. That's much longer than the 1 ms it would take with second example.
To save time and resources, write code that minimizes the number of accesses to the database. The Django API has lots of functions that do the exact same thing in lots of different ways. Choose the ones that minimize the number of queries because it's always faster to work in memory. Learn to write efficient code by exploring Django's documentation about attributes and functions.
The importance of testing
I won't say that testing is a good practice because it's way more than that. Testing is essential for every project. Every application needs testing, and I take that for granted.
Tip: Use Factory boy and Faker.
In most of the cases, you'll need to generate initial data for testing. So a programmer might run tests that have an "initial system" with previously loaded instances and relationships between them. This improves the quality, maintainability, and velocity of testing.
You can load initial data with Django, using fixtures, migrations, and other functionalities. Now let's look at a JSON fixture that takes the Person class:
 "model": "applications.person",
 "pk": 1,
 "fields": {
 "name": "Rick Sanchez",
 "age": 70
 "model": "applications.person",
 "pk": 2,
 "fields": {
 "name": "Summer Smith",
 "age": 17
By defining this fixture, we provide two instances at the beginning of the tests, and we generate new test cases with this as starting point. What if we want to test a bigger list of people? It would be cumbersome to enter info for each person manually, and the fixture file would need a huge number of lines. Fortunately, we don't have to do that because the named tool Factory boy gives us a better way.
Factory boy
With Factory boy, you can generate test data with a just few lines, which improves maintainability. You can also define classes attached to the model classes. So at the same time that you run tests, you can easily create instances in memory or in the database and also replace any static hard-to-maintain fixtures. This example is related to the Person class:
import factory
from applications.people.models import Person
class PersonFactory(factory.DjangoModelFactory):
 name = factory.Sequence(lambda n: 'John Doe{0}'.format(n))
 age = 25
 class Meta:
 model = Person
To generate 100 instances of people for my tests with this definition, I run this command:
As you can see, it's very simple. Whit the name defined as Sequence(lambda n: 'John Doe{0}'.format(n)), the tool generates users with the names John Doe0, John Doe1, John Doe2, and so on.
The Faker tool is a package that generates fake random and realistic data. When you integrate it with Factory boy, it generates more significant tests with more realistic initial data. To see this integration in action, let's change the factory class:
import factory
from applications.people.models import Person
class PersonFactory(factory.Factory):
 name = factory.Faker('name')
 age = 25
 class Meta:
 model = Person
Now, if we execute the create_batch(100) function, we generate 100 people with realistic random names. Faker has a pyint function that generates random integers for age. To learn more about this package, read the Faker docs.
Tip: Use tools to replace static fixtures.
Define good initial data for testing and keep it maintainable. For more ways to integrate these tools with Django, take a look at the common recipes in the Factory boy documentation.
What to avoid
Excessive use of signals
Django and Django REST have many tools and methods to attack several problems in a lot of ways. Signals are a good tool but they can cause problems if they're used the wrong way.
Signals implement the observer design pattern, and it's important to understand these concepts:
 - A Signal is an element that corresponds to an event. A signal can send notifications about the related event to it. In the observer pattern, the signal corresponds to the subject.
 - Receivers are the callables connected to a given signal. In the observer pattern, they correspond to the observer. After the associated event occurs and triggers the signal, each receiver is notified by that signal.
With the signals tool, you can send a notification after some predefined event. Some examples are when a new object in a model is created or destroyed, or a change is made in a relationship between models. To explore all the functionalities of signals, read the Django signal documentation.
Tip: Be careful with signals.
Overuse of signals often generates mysterious side effects that degrade maintainability. These problems happen because signals are triggered after selected events. Programmers who forget that or simply don't know it sometimes run unwanted code in the wrong places.
Whenever you change something about the events that trigger a signal, you might need to make changes in the corresponding signals. It's easy to forget to check that because these signals are defined in other files.
To save time and effort, avoid the overuse of signals. For example, you might have two apps A and B, where


text:
In a typical fossil fuel power plant the chemical energy stored in fossil fuels (such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas or oil shale) and oxygen in the air is converted into thermal energy. This is used to heat water in a boiler, producing steam that drives a turbine connected to the electrical generator, which in turn produces electricity. Each fossil fuel power plant is a highly complex, custom-designed system, designed on a large scale for continuous operation.
Whether it is in yesterday's subcritical, today's supercritical, or tomorrow's ultra-supercritical plants, Flowserve has the products and experience needed to keep power plants running at peak efficiency.
Research and development is ongoing to commercialize ultra-supercritical steam plants. Their "clean coal" technology would push efficiency rates higher and CO2 and particulate emissions lower, compared to supercritical steam plants. With alternative forms of energy becoming more competitive, the push to drive fossil-fuel steam plant efficiency higher will continue into the foreseeable future.
Flowserve is playing a key role in developing the products and materials to provide reliable and long-lived performance in harsh operating parameters with projected temperatures of 760°C (1400°F) and boiler feed discharge pressure from 330 bar (4785 psi) to 420 bar (6090 psi). And with its dedicated focus on deploying new products leveraging advanced metallurgy and technologies, Flowserve will continue to be the preferred solution for steam-powered electrical generation in decades to come.
Operating beyond the critical pressure of steam (3705 psi) and at temperatures approaching 1150°F (620°C), "clean coal" supercritical steam plants offer many advantages: significant improvement in plant efficiency and reduced fuel costs; significant emissions reductions and full integration with existing CO2 capture technology.
But these punishing operating conditions severely test equipment design and materials of construction. For more than a half century, Flowserve has successfully met these challenges as a proven partner in reliable supercritical steam plant operation.
Supercritical power stations are also known as "once-through plants" because boiler water does not circulate multiple times. This requires additional water purification procedures in the form of high pressure ion exchange units or condensate polishers located between the steam condenser and feedwater heaters. In turn, this requires reliable and often precise fluid motion and control equipment.
Flowserve is a market leader in supplying fluid motion and control products for fossil fuel power generating stations. Few companies can match the our systems' knowledge, hydraulic expertise or application know-how. Flowserve expertise extends to steam control, conditioning and isolation with our valve products while our pump products handle demanding boiler feed, condensate and circulation applications. Flowserve is also well positioned to handle challenging Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems and to Balance of Plant (BOP) requirements. And as these plants age, Flowserve Technical Services engineers are available to restore and even improve plant efficiency and availability.
Flowserve Technical Services helps power station operators optimize unit performance and maximize profitability. Utilizing comprehensive system assessments and sophisticated modeling techniques, Flowserve engineers can help:
- Reduce energy usage of major systems and critical components
- Diagnose and address root cause equipment failure or underperformance, regardless of OEM
- Solve "bad actor" equipment problems
- Improve operator safety issues

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Kids need to play. We built a program that caters to their natural instincts.
Children learn better when they are active. We view our playgrounds, playing fields, and gymnasiums as extensions of the classroom. Our program also teaches students essential health and wellness strategies that will last a lifetime.
Physical Fitness Is a Wellness Goal
As you travel the wellness path, you'll strive to spend time building physical strength, flexibility, and endurance while also taking safety precautions so you may navigate your path successfully. Some of the many tangible benefits of physical fitness are enhanced self-esteem, self-control, determination, and a sense of direction and purpose. BE _TAG_
Rippowam Cisqua School
439 Cantitoe Street
Bedford, NY 10506
phone: _PHONE_


text:
When an electron collides with an atom or ion, there is a small probability that the electron kicks out another electron, leaving the ion in the next highest charge state (charge q increased by +1). This is called electron-impact ionization and is the dominant process by which atoms and ions become more highly charged. The rate equation is given by:
e- + A(q) e- + e- + A(q+1).
From energy conservation, it is clear that the initial energy of the incident electron must be larger than the ionization potential of the electron being removed.
Theorists have found electron impact ionization cross sections difficult to calculate from first principles, even for relatively simple systems like hydrogen-like (one electron) and helium-like (two electron) ions. There has been recent progress in developing a phenomenological theory by Dr. Yong-Ki Kim here at NIST.
A simple empirical formula for calculating electron impact ionization cross sections was developed by W. Lotz over 25 years ago. It is not very accurate, but it does give experimentalists a useful qualitative picture.
Radiative recombination is a process which takes place when a positively charged ion captures an electron to one of its bound orbits with a simultaneous emission of a photon:
e- + A(q+) A(q-1) + photon
In the dielectronic recombination process the energy which becomes available during the capture process is carried away by the promotion of a bound electron to another bound orbit:
e- + A(q+) A(q-1)** A(q-1) + photon
In the second step of the dielectronic recombination process a photon is emitted characteristic to the doubly excited state (**) of the q-1 times ionized ion. The dielectronic recombination is a resonant process, because of the discrete energy nature of the bound electron orbits.
Both radiative and the dielectronic recombination are important capture processes which play a dominant role in determining the charge state balance of highly ionized astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
In a recent investigation carried out with our EBIT, scandium-like and titanium-like barium ions were created, trapped, and excited. X-ray peaks arising from both radiative recombination and dielectronic recombination were studied simultaneously. In the DR process a 2p electron was promoted to the 3d orbital. One of the M-shell electrons of the recombined ion subsequently decayed radiatively to the 2p vacancy, and emitted an x-ray of energy almost twice the incident kinetic energy of the projectile electron. Comparison with theoretical estimates showed a favorable agreement with the data. The theoretical calculations were carried out by the theory group of the University of Connecticut (McLaughlin and Hahn).
The measurement of excited-state lifetimes is complementary to measuring transition wavelengths as a way of studying atomic structure. Although the lifetimes are determined by the same wavefunctions as the energy levels the measurements of the atomic decays carry different information since they are sensitive to the long-range behavior of the wavefunctions. The knowledge of the lifetimes also has important practical applications. They are critical in the density diagnostics of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
The principle of measuring lifetimes with an EBIT lies in the periodic fast switching of different voltages in the machine. Since the ions are created and excited with the same beam of electrons, by changing the electron beam energy one can selectively exclude certain levels from being excited. This can simply be done by setting the electron beam energy below the excitation threshold of the level to be excluded. Without further excitation the time dependence of the emitted photon signal carries the information about the lifetime of the level. After a certain period of time (determined by the lifetime of the level) the electron beam energy is set to be above the excitation threshold to repopulate the level and repeat the sequence. An alternative method for measuring lifetimes with an EBIT is to switch off the electron beam completely, take data, and turn the beam back again to re-excite the ions in the trap. While the electron beam is off, the ions remain trapped by the magnetic field. The lifetime range that can be measured with an EBIT is determined by the capabilities for the fast switching of voltages. In principle the 10 ns to 10 ms lifetime range can be addressed by this method. Since this lifetime range is only partially covered by other methods the EBIT is a unique tool for measuring the lifetime of long living metastable levels.
In a recent experiment we have measured the lifetime of a visible light emitting metastable level. The transition takes places within the ground state configuration of titanium-like ions. The measured lifetimes fall into the millisecond range.


Entries / Stachek Square
Stachek Square
Categories / City Topography/Urban Network/Squares
STACHEK SQUARE, known as Narvskaya Square until 1923, at the intersection of Stachek Avenue, Narvsky Avenue and Staro-Petergofsky Avenue. The square assumed the present-day name in commemoration of the strike movement (the name of the square literally translates as "Square of Strikes") of the workers of Narvskaya Zastava. The square was built in the 18th century. In 1813, it was the place where St. Petersburgers followed the coffin with M.I. Kutuzov's body. In 1814, a wooden triumphal arch was built on the square to greet the guard regiments returning to St. Petersburg after taking part in the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns of 1813 and 1814 across Europe. In 1827-34, the Narva Triumphal Gate was erected to become the compositional focus of the square. On January 9 1905, the square was the scene of a massacre: the imperial troops together with the police fired on a peaceful demonstration of workers of Narvskaya Zastava on the square (see Bloody Sunday). In 1924, architect L.A. Ilyin developed a plan for the reconstruction of this district, which provided for the formation of a single town-planning complex, divided into two centres based on a utilitarian principle: the cultural, educational and commercial centre was to be set on Stachek Square, while Kirovskaya Square was to accommodate the administrative centre. In 1925-27 Moskovsko-Narvsky Cultural Centre was built on Stachek Square (house No. 4, later called Gorky Recreation Centre) (architects A.I. Gegello, D.L. Krichevsky, engineer V.F. Raylyan); in 1929-30, a mechanised canteen and the Kirovsky Department Store were constructed (house No. 9/3, architects A.K. Barutchev, A.I. Gilter, I.A. Meerzon, Y.O. Rubanchik, engineer A.G. Dzhorogov). All these structures serve as striking architectural examples of constructivism. In 1955, the hall of Narvskaya Metro Station was built here in the manner of Stalinist "Socialist Classicism" (architects A.V. Vasilyev, D.S. Goldgor, S.B. Speransky). The limits of Stachek Square also extend over the school building of the Tenth Anniversary of October 1917 School (No. 11, 1925-27, architects A.S. Nikolsky, A.V. Krestin), shaped as sickle and hammer in the plan, and house No. 1/3 (1970s, architects V.A. Kamensky, G.L. Ashparyan). Both buildings are located at the beginning of Stachek Avenue, where it runs off from Stachek Square.
References: Левитан И. И. Площадь Стачек. Л., 1987.
O. A. Chekanova.
Ashrapyan Galina Leonovna
Barutchev Armen Konstantinovich
Dzhorogov A.G.
Gegello Alexander Ivanovich
Gilter Isidor Albertovich
Goldgor David Semenovich
Gorky Maxim (Alexey Maximovich Peshkov)
Ilyin Lev Alexandrovich
Kamensky Valentin Alexandrovich
Krestin Alexander Vasilievich
Krichevsky David (Daniil) Lvovich
Kutuzov (Golenishchev-Kutuzov) Mikhail Illarionovich, Gracious Prince
Meerzon Iosif Alexandrovich
Nikolsky Alexander Sergeevich
Raylyan Vladimir Fomich
Rubanchik Yakov Osipovich (Iosifovich)
Speransky Sergey Borisovich
Vasilyev Alexander Viktorovich
Kirovskaya Square/Saint Petersburg, city
Stachek Ave/Saint Petersburg, city
Stachek Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 9/3
Stachek Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 11
Stachek Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 4
Stachek Ave/Saint Petersburg, city
Staro-Petergofsky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city
Левитан И. И. Площадь Стачек. Л., 1987
The subject Index
Narva Triumphal Arch


text:
A comprehensive full-color anatomical atlas designed specifically for the anesthesiologist and pain physician
A clear understanding of relevant anatomy is essential for physicians who wish to master ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. Although ultrasound images may help visualize the nerve to be blocked, the images still present a grainy and incomplete picture. Physicians looking to master US-guided nerve blocks are best served by becoming anatomical experts -- and this innovative resource is an invaluable learning tool to doing just that.
In addition to 2D and 3D ultrasound images, Atlas of Sonoanatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine includes high-resolution CTs, MRIs, cadaver anatomy images, and anatomical illustrations to give physicians a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the neck, upper and lower extremity, trunk, thorax, thoracic spine, sacral spine, lumbar paravertebral region, and thoracic paravertebral region that are relevant to ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.
- Bulleted pearls impart how to obtain optimal ultrasound images at each site
- More than 600 full-color photographs and illustrations throughout
- Essential for anesthesiologists and pain physicians, and is also of value to musculoskeletal sonographers, radiologists, and emergency medicine physicians
-Enables you to learn and see, through full-color illustrations, the relevant anatomy for administering successful nerve blocks
- Includes CT and MRI correlations to ultrasound images, plus corresponding anatomical illustrations, cadaver anatomy, and photos of probe placement on the patient.
Although other texts may provide some of the imaging information contained in this unique atlas, this is the first resource to systematically and comprehensively gather all the imaging modalities for side-by-side comparison under one cover.


text:
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text:
From a thing that showed up in the very late Middle Ages, called the "Letter of Lentulus," which was presented as being a report from a Roman official (with a known historical name) to Tiberius, about the appearance and habits of Jesus. The letter was taken as eyewitness testimony by many, and the letter in some versions described Jesus' hair and beard as "fair" and his face as "the color of wheat." (Although other versions described His hair and beard as "the color of a ripe hazelnut", ie, those things on the Nutella jar that are light brown and not at all fair. They also described His complexion as "reddish," which had the symbolic meaning of someone optimistic, energetic — and honest enough to be able to blush.) So it wasn't racism, so much as popular scholarship and Biblical fanfic (aka "pseudoepigrapha"), that led to blonde Jesuses.
The appearance of blonde or white-haired Jesuses in previous Christian art had always represented the Jesus of the Book of Revelation, Apocalyptic Jesus, Whose hair represents Him as ancient and eternal, or transfigured in light, and Who is dressed for His office as the eternal High Priest. Also, scary and impressive. Either way, His Divinity becoming as visible as His Humanity, rather than how He looked in His life normally on earth.
Most Western art follows the tradition of a bearded, dark Jesus because that's how the Mandylion of Edessa looked. Ditto the Shroud of Turin and the byssus veil thing. Pictures and relics should generally outweigh literary descriptions; but the Lentulus letter was popular in Germany, a fur piece over the mountains from the Shroud and the byssus veil.


text:
The definition of metabolize is when an organism undergoes an organic or chemical process that is necessary for life.(verb)
An example of metabolize is for the body to use up the calories in foods.
See metabolize in Webster's New World College Dictionary
See metabolize in American Heritage Dictionary 4
verb me·tab·o·lized, me·tab·o·liz·ing, me·tab·o·liz·es verb, transitive
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Easier access to scientific data
Brought to you by NOAA NMFS SWFSC ERD
The EDDTableFromEML and EDDTableFromEMLBatch Options in GenerateDatasetsXml
[This web page will only be of interest to ERDDAP administrators who work with EML files.
This document was originally created in 2016. It was last edited on 2020-11-30. ]
ERDDAP is a data server that gives users a simple, consistent way to download subsets of gridded and tabular scientific datasets in common file formats and make graphs and maps. ERDDAP works with a given dataset as either a group of multidimensional gridded variables (e.g., satellite or model data) or as a database-like table (with a column for each type of information and a row for each observation). ERDDAP is Free and Open Source Software, so anyone can download and install ERDDAP to serve their data.
To add a dataset to an ERDDAP installation, the ERDDAP administrator must add a chunk of XML describing the dataset to a file called datasets.xml. (There is thorough documentation for datasets.xml.) Although it is possible to generate the chunk of XML for datasets.xml entirely by hand, ERDDAP comes with a tool called GenerateDatasetsXml which can generate the rough draft of the chunk of XML needed for a given dataset based on some source of information about the dataset.
The first thing GenerateDatasetsXml asks is what type of dataset you want to create. GenerateDatasetsXml has a special option, EDDTableFromEML, which uses the information in an Ecological Metadata Language (EML) (external link) XML file to generate the chunk of XML for datasets.xml to create an EDDTableFromAsciiFiles dataset from each data table in an EML file. This works very well for most EML files, mostly because EML files do an excellent job of storing all of the needed metadata for a dataset in an easy-to-work-with format. The information that GenerateDatasetsXml needs to create the datasets is in the EML file, including the URL for the data file, which GenerateDatasetsXml downloads, parses, and compares to the description in the EML file. (Many groups would do well to switch to EML, which is a great system for documenting any tabular scientific dataset, not just ecological data. And many groups that create XML schemas would do well to use EML as a case study for XML schema that are clear, to the point, not excessively deep (i.e., too many levels), and easy for humans and computers to work with.)
Here are all the questions GenerateDatasetsXml will ask, with comments about how you should answer if you want to process just one EML file or a batch of EML files:
EML plus ERDDAP is a great combination, since ERDDAP can give users more direct access to the wealth of Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity (KNB) (external link) and Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) (external link) data and help those projects meet the US government's Public Access to Research Results (PARR) requirements by making the data available via a web service. Also, EML plus ERDDAP seems like a great bridge between scientists in the academic / NSF-funded realm and scientists in the federal agency (NOAA, NASA, USGS) realm.
If you have questions, comments, suggestions, or need help, please send an email to bob dot simons at noaa dot gov.
Design Details
Here are the design details of the EDDTableFromEML option in GenerateDatasetsXml.
Some are related to differences in how EML and ERDDAP do things and how GenerateDatasetsXml deals with these problems.
Issues with the EML Files
There are some issues/problems with the EML files that cause problems when a software client (such as the EDDTableFromEML option in GenerateDatasetsXML) tries to interpret/process the EML files. Here are the issues:
Questions, comments, suggestions? Please send an email to bob dot simons at noaa dot gov.
ERDDAP, Version 2.10
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الگوریتم برنامه ریزی پویا برای برش بهینه مستطیل های مساوی
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|24900||2005||14 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Applied Mathematical Modelling, Volume 29, Issue 11, November 2005, Pages 1040–1053
This paper presents dynamic programming algorithms for generating optimal guillotine-cutting patterns of equal rectangles. The algorithms are applicable for solving the unconstrained problem where the blank demand is unconstrained, the constrained problem where the demand is exact, the unconstrained problem with blade length constraint, and the constrained problem with blade length constraint. The algorithms are able to generate the simplest optimal patterns to simplify the cutting process. When the sheet length is longer than the blade length of the guillotine shear used, the dynamic programming algorithm is applied to generate optimal layouts on segments of lengths no longer than the blade length, and the knapsack algorithm is employed to find the optimal layout of the segments on the sheet. The computational results indicate that the algorithms presented are more efficient than the branch-and-bound algorithms, which are the best algorithms so far that can guarantee the simplest patterns.
The rectangular cutting stock problem occurs when rectangular sheets in stock are to be cut into smaller rectangles or blanks, to meet a customer's demand,, and. Where the blank area must be no larger than the sheet area, some trim loss is expected. Some customers may need blanks of different sizes. Those involved in mass production may want a large number of blanks of the same size. In the former case, nested layouts are often used and blanks of different sizes may appear in the same layout. In the latter case, only blanks of the same size can appear in a layout. This paper refers to the cutting stock problem of equal rectangles as the CSPER, where guillotine shear is used to cut the sheet into blanks. This type of cutting stock problem is also identified as the guillotine-cutting problem and, or the guillotine pallet loading problem, and is denoted 2/B/O/C of guillotine type. The CSPER in this paper includes four types of problems: the unconstrained problem where the blank demand is unconstrained, the constrained problem where the blank demand must be met exactly, the unconstrained problem with blade length constraint, and the constrained problem with blade length constraint. Several algorithms have been published for the CSPER,,, and. Agrawal presented a branch-and-bound algorithm (BBA) for the unconstrained problem. In reference, the BBA was extended to solve the constrained problem, and the unconstrained problem with blade length constraint. If the memory of the computer used to perform the algorithm is not large enough, the BBA will not guarantee the optimality of the solution. This will be further discussed in presenting the computational results. A polynomial time algorithm was introduced in for the unconstrained problem. The time efficiency of the algorithm is high. The patterns generated are slightly difficult to cut since they are often not the simplest ones. Arslanov constructed a linear time algorithm for the unconstrained problem in. The algorithm has the highest time efficiency. Similarly it does not guarantee that the patterns generated are the simplest ones for cutting. The dynamic programming algorithm was applied to solve the unconstrained problem in. It does not consider the blade length constraint, and neither guarantees the simplicity of the cutting process. This paper presents dynamic programming algorithms to solve the four types of problems mentioned above. First the dynamic programming algorithm for the unconstrained problem is constructed, which can generate the simplest optimal pattern. Then the algorithm is extended to solve the constrained problem. Another two algorithms are introduced to deal with the blade length constraint, one for the unconstrained problem, and the other for the constrained problem. Computations are performed to compare the algorithms with the branch-and-bound algorithms, which are the best so far that can guarantee the simplest optimal patterns. The results indicate that the algorithms of this paper are more efficient.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
Four algorithms based on dynamic programming are presented, which are capable of dealing with four types of problems often encountered in practice: the unconstrained problem, the constrained problem, the unconstrained problem with blade length constraint, the constrained problem with blade length constraint. Algorithm A is the basis of the others. It may generate the simplest optimal patterns, with the cutting process being simplified. This is important to practical applications. Another advantage of the DPA is the easiness to design and understand. Even the engineers may realize the algorithms to solve the CSPER of their factories. Although linear time algorithm exists for the CSPER, it does not guarantee that the pattern generated is the simplest optimal pattern. If the simplest optimal patterns are wanted, the BBA is the best so far. The computational results indicate that for problems of larger scale (such as the test problems of this paper), the DPA is much more time efficient than the BBA.


New Study Sheds Light On How T-Rex Arms Were Used
A new study takes a close look at how Tyrannosaurus Rex's arms would have functioned, a question that has been hotly debated for years. By studying the limbs of two distant modern relatives of the extinct theropod, the researchers found that its tiny limbs were far more flexible than previously believed. The research was presented at a recent meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.
T-Rex roamed the Earth between 65 million and 80 million years ago. It's tiny limbs with sharp claws has baffled scientists pondering their function and usefulness. Some believed that their arms didn't do much of anything. The new research disputes this.
This latest study researched the range of movement to determine the usefulness of the arms. For comparison, the researchers studied the limbs of the American alligator and the domestic turkey. The study suggested that complex elbow joints allowed for a range of motion far greater than a mammal could achieve.
The scientists used a technique called X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) to examine the ulna and humerus of the modern animals. This allowed them to analyze the movements made possible by soft tissues, which are often lost in the fossilization process.
The researchers said that it was surprising to see how much the forearm bones could rock side to side at the elbow. That is not a range of movement generally seen in mammals. This expanded movement at the elbow would allow alligators and turkeys to turn the palm of the hand inward and upward like we do.
The team concluded the T-Rex most likely used its arms to hold prey in place or pull it closer. Its arms could have been used to keep prey at the perfect biting distance for its powerful jaws.
Members of the team commented in an interview, "They may have been able to rotate the palm of the hand inward and upward in such a way that the palm would face the chest when the elbow was flexed. We might speculate that such a movement could allow some theropods to bring prey in close for a bite."


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Ever since the college entrance exam was resumed in 1977, more than 60-million students have been admitted to universities by taking the exam. For most of them, the exam offers a golden chance to change their fate.
Mike Weber tells us more about the development of this fate-defining exam and how it is adapting to this fast changing world.
The thirst for better education is strong for most Chinese.
Thanks to the decision of Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, the college entrance exam was resumed in 1977 after a halt of ten years.
In December that year, 5.7 million students took the exam, but only 5-percent of them were admitted to universities.
Mr. Gong Ke is one of the lucky ones.
Being the headmaster of one of China's prestigious universities, he has a deeper understanding of the exam.
Gong Ke, Exam Taker in 1977, said, "Despite the existing problems, I think the college entrance exam is very important and has great value. It is a relatively fair way to test all students."
As past exam takers grow up to become parents, their children are now taking the same path.
The only difference is that students nowadays are receiving more support from their parents and society as a whole.
Father of Exam Taker, said, "Nowadays, everything seems to have been adjusted to make way for the exam takers, including those from the traffic control center and the medical staff."
The development of the exam is also reflected by the content itself.
The national standardized test was introduced in 1990, and Chinese universities began recruiting more enrollees nine years later, giving more students the chance to receive a higher education.
With the educational reform going deeper, new requirements for the exam takers are also being established.
Liu Guoheng, Teacher of Beijing 12th High School, said, "One of the purposes of the college entrance exam is to enable students to learn what the mainstream views of the society are and what responsibilities they should take."
Knowledge is power, and knowledge also changes people's fate.
The college entrance exam takers understand that more than most.
Many hope more reforms will be conducted in the future to make the exam better adaptable to this rapidly changing world.
(CNTV June 9, 2011)


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of oxalic acid. Kale has lower amounts though and can be used in place of spinach.
- Collard greens. Collard greens are rich in vitamins and minerals making them excellent replacements for spinach. Their oxalate content is also not as concerning as that of spinach.
- Arugula. Another healthy dark leafy vegetable that has a nutrition profile very similar to that of spinach without the downsides.
- Green beans. These are very nutritious and packed with vitamin C, vitamin K, and manganese. They are also special because they contain more protein than most vegetables.
- Cabbage. It has a slightly different nutrient profile as it is not a dark leafy vegetable but it is still loaded with lots of nutrients like antioxidants, vitamin C, and fiber.
Our Final Thoughts
In conclusion, your dog can enjoy spinach and all its health benefits. It should however be given with caution because of its high oxalic acid content. Oxalic acid can combine with calcium and magnesium in the body making them less available for use. Oxalic acid can also form calcium oxalate in the kidneys resulting in kidney stones.
Spinach should be given in small amounts. It shouldn't be a part of a dog's daily diet. It can be given on alternating days or once to twice a week. Dogs with kidney disease should be given spinach with extra precaution. It is highly advisable to speak to your vet before starting your dog on spinach to reduce the likelihood of health complications.
Frequently Asked Questions
What leafy greens are good for dogs?
Some of the leafy greens you can give your dog include spinach, kale, arugula, swiss chard, and collard greens. Spinach and kale should be given in small amounts due to their high content of oxalic acid.
What vegetables are bad for dogs?
Vegetables that should not be given to dogs include onions, garlic, and tomatoes. Some vegetables are safe for dogs but should be given with extra precaution and these include spinach, kale, radishes, mushrooms, and cabbage.
Does spinach give dogs diarrhea?
If given properly to a healthy dog, spinach is safe for dogs. It can cause diarrhea in dogs if given in excess, unwashed, or raw.
What vegetables are good for dogs to eat?
There is a wide variety of vegetables your dog can enjoy for example cabbage, arugula, kale, collard greens, and lettuce.
Are there any health benefits of spinach in dogs?
Yes, despite its weaknesses, spinach is a very nutritious food with many health benefits. Some of the health benefits spinach can give your dog include better heart health, vitamins, and minerals, boosted immunity, and reduced inflammation.


Study Looks Into Healthcare Inequality in the U.S. and the Netherlands
Healthcare InequalityA new study published in the journal Health Affairs explains how different countries deal with healthcare inequality. According to UNICEF, the Netherlands spends less on healthcare per person than the U.S., yet children in the Netherlands are some of the healthiest in the developed world. In contrast, American children are considered some of the unhealthiest.
The study found that American children who could afford to visit doctors were the ones who went more. In the Netherlands, the opposite was true. Poorer children visited the doctor more often and they visited the dentist at the same frequency as richer children.
National surveys from both countries show that the Dutch are twice as likely to visit a doctor and a dentist as American children. The poorest American children under 10-years-old visit the doctor two times a year compared to three times a year for the richest children in the same age group. In the Netherlands, the poorest children under 10-years of age visit the doctor five times a year compared to 3.7 times for the richest children.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that preventative care is not being given to millions of American children, which can lead to more problems down the line when these children become adults.
Dougal Hargreaves, a pediatrician and the study's lead author, said: "We know healthcare in childhood and adolescence can have an especially big impact, both at the time, and on health outcomes later in life."
From analyzing the study's patterns, Hargreaves and his colleagues suggested that the U.S. and the Netherlands are opposites when it comes to health care.
"This study reminds us that we need to continue to look for ways to improve [US] children's access to health care and to assure that the care they receive is high quality," wrote Mark Schuster, chief of general paediatrics at Boston Children's Hospital, in an email statement.
Source for Today's Article:
"Health gap: In America, rich kids see the doctor more, while in the Netherlands, poor kids do," South China Morning Post, last updated December 30, 2015;, last accessed December 30, 2015.


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As part of The Globe's new series "Reinventing Parliament," we decided to investigate how often Members of Parliament voted against the majority of their party. The undertaking took weeks of number crunching, programming and visualizing to put together. The end product shows a clear trend: MPs rarely break ranks, with most voting along party lines more than 97 per cent of the time. But Conservative MPs are overwhelmingly more likely to break rank than members from other parties.
The project began by scraping 600 pages of parliamentary voting data. We designed a scraper in Python that trudged through these pages, scraping the MP's name, party, riding and vote. All told, we had 162,280 votes between June 2, 2011 and Jan. 28, 2013.
The next step was determining whether the MP voted with or against their party. We first believed we could check this against the whip's vote. But we ran into trouble when we realized the party whip was sometimes (unsurprisingly) absent. We decided to measure each MP's vote against the majority of their party instead — a measure of 50 per cent plus one.
This was a two-step process. First, we ran another Python script on our scraped data to count the number of yeas and nays on each vote. We ran the resulting spreadsheet through another Python script to compare each MP's vote. The script added a column to the original dataset indicating whether they voted the "same" as or "different" from the party.
This spreadsheet gave us the first usable data to measure party unity. We used Microsoft Access to run queries, starting by calculating the number of times an MP voted differently from their party. We ran another query to find the total number of votes for each MP. (While there are 600 votes total, each MP has a different attendance record.) Combined, we had a percentage score for party unity.
At each step of the process, we spot-checked and confirmed our results against the original raw data to ensure there were no irregularities. We found a few errors along the way and re-designed our queries or adjusted the Python scripts until we were confident the final data set had no errors.
Then we began the analysis. We started with a few questions. What was the most contentious vote? (It was No. 466, a motion to study the beginnings of life.) Who broke ranks most often? (By percentage, it was former NDP MP Bruce Hyer, who later became an independent MP. By raw total, it was Conservative MP James Bezan.) Did votes change with party leadership? (A few NDP MPs voted against the party before Thomas Mulcair became leader. Afterward, there were no dissenting votes.)
We supplemented this analysis with more parliamentary data. We scraped the information on each motion, which gave us more context like the purpose of the motion or who sponsored it. This made it easier to cross-reference party unity scores and explain the outliers. We also scraped information on all sitting MPs to add information like riding and title.
Finally, we created a short Python script for scraping MP photos from the Parliament website for use in the interactive. An arduous element of this step was correcting the file names for each MP, since they had to match MP names stored in the dataset so they could be dynamically added to the page when needed.
Then the process of visualizing the data began. We had three main goals with the visualization: 1) showing how many Conservatives voted against the majority of their party compared to MPs from other parties; 2) showing the high levels of party unity, despite the occasional dissenting vote; 3) allowing readers to see more detail about each motion or bill that the MP dissented on.
D3 is a powerful library but it comes with one major caveat: its more advanced animations don't display in Internet Explorer, which remains a pervasive browser among our readers. Other news organizations like the New York Times have previously not supported IE for these visualizations.
The end product is hopefully an engaging example of data journalism, which lets readers explore the data and become more informed about the inner workings of Parliament.
What did you think of this project? Was there anything else you would like to see from the data? Let us know in the comments and we will reply.


american history audiobooks
The Chattanooga Campaign
My Father's War
The CIA in Hollywood
The Evolution of American Investigative Journalism
minimum width for cell
Until You Are Dead, Dead, Dead
Better Angels of Our Nature
The Long Shadow of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
Building the Empire StateBuilding the Empire State
Political Economy in the Early Republic
Brian Phillips Murphy
Narrated by Douglas R. Pratt
Available from Audible
Book published by University of Pennsylvania Press
p>Building the Empire State examines the origins of American capitalism by tracing how and why business corporations were first introduced into the economy of the early republic. Brian Phillips Murphy follows the collaborations between political leaders and a group of unelected political entrepreneurs, including Robert R. Livingston and Alexander Hamilton, who persuaded legislative powers to grant monopolies corporate status in order to finance and manage civic institutions. Murphy shows how American capitalism grew out of the convergence of political and economic interests, wherein political culture was shaped by business strategies and institutions as much as the reverse.
Focusing on the state of New York, a onetime mercantile colony that became home to the first American banks, utilities, canals, and transportation infrastructure projects, Building the Empire State surveys the changing institutional ecology during the first five decades following the American Revolution. Through sustained attention to the Manhattan Company, the steamboat monopoly, the Erie Canal, and the New York & Erie Railroad, Murphy traces the ways entrepreneurs marshaled political and financial capital to sway legislators to support their private plans and interests. By playing a central role in the creation and regulation of institutions that facilitated private commercial transactions, New York State's political officials created formal and informal precedents for the political economy throughout the northeastern United States and toward the expanding westward frontier. The political, economic, and legal consequences organizing the marketplace in this way continue to be felt in the vast influence and privileged position held by corporations in the present day.
Brian Phillips Murphy teaches history at Baruch College.
"In Building the Empire State, Brian Murphy deftly revisits the founding of New York State, in the process revising our understanding of how the political economy of the early republic operated in practice. Rather than a strict separation between the public obligations of the state and the private interests of for-profit corporations, Murphy finds a much more integrated, reciprocal relationship that organically emerged from the experiences of the late colonial and Revolutionary periods. His fresh approach and sophisticated argument make a significant contribution to several fields, including political history, business history, and the history of capitalism more broadly."
—Sharon Murphy, Providence College
All titles are published by:
University Press Audiobooks
an imprint of Redwood Audiobooks
University Press Audiobooks


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Cha-Ching! Finally a new and exciting resource to help reinforce counting money, one of the most useful skills a child can learn!
Cha-Cha-Ching! is a variation of the old card game, "Snip Snap Snorem", a game I recently discovered. Players take turns counting, matching, and putting down money cards, while proclaiming, "Cha!" or "Ching!". Each player tries to be the first to match and put down all of the cards in his/her "hand"! ( A match is two or more cards with the same value of money displayed on them).
Cha-Cha-Ching! contains two different decks of cards. The blue deck is for the basic level of the game in which kiddos will match cards displaying "basic" denominations of money ($0.25, $0.50, $0.60, $0.75, $1.00, $1.25, $2.00, $2.75, $5.00, $5.50, $10.00, $15.00, and $20.00). The yellow deck is for the challenging level of the game in which students will match cards displaying more "challenging" denominations of money ($0.30, $0.85, $0.93, $1.54, $1.78, $3.42, $4.17, $6.62, $7.03, $11.29, $13.21, $16.39, $20.15, and $21.74).
This product includes the following:
-TWO decks of Cha-Cha-Ching! Money Cards (1 "basic" level, 1 "challenging" level)
-Examples of Game Rounds
-Cha-Cha-Ching! Recording Sheet on which students will record some of the values of money from the game in standard form and picture form, as well as record a NEW matching picture form that was NOT used in the game.
Money, Counting Money, Money Game, Money Cards, Matching Money Game, Coin Facts


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Copyright © 2004 Emma Smith
Editor(s): Emma Smith
Published Online: 21 APR 2008
Print ISBN: 9780631220077
Online ISBN: 9780470775769
About this Book
About The Product
This Guide steers students through four centuries of critical writing on Shakespeare's history plays, enhancing their enjoyment and broadening their critical repertoire.
- Guides students through four centuries of critical writing on Shakespeare's history plays.
- Covers both significant early views and recent critical interventions.
- Substantial editorial material links the articles and places them in context.
- Annotated suggestions for further reading allow students to investigate further.


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Xcel Energy's summer energy-saving tips
Although Xcel Energy's generation resources are sufficient to meet increased demand anticipated from another hot summer, customers are encouraged to find ways to reduce electricity usage, especially on hot days. This reduces potential strain on the regional power grid and helps customers save money and lessen their environmental impact.
Recent news about potential power shortages within Electric Reliability Council of Texas, the power grid serving downstate Texas, has elevated concerns about system reliability among Xcel Energy customers and stakeholders. Xcel Energy's Texas and New Mexico service areas are part of the Southwest Power Pool in the eastern electrical grid, which is a separate electrical grid from ERCOT, according to a news release from Xcel.
Tips on conserving power can be found at xcelenergy.com. Those tips include:
■ Raise the thermostat setting from 72 to 78 degrees, providing a savings of up to $25 per month.
■ Turn off unnecessary lighting and install compact fluorescent light bulbs. CFLs use 75 percent less energy than traditional bulbs, they last longer, and can save up to $55 over the life of the bulb.
■ Run washing machines, dishwashers and clothes dryers with full loads.
■ Change air conditioning filters.
■ Use ceiling fans to cool the home.
■ Use a whole-house or attic fan to draw in cool nighttime air and push out hot air during the day.
■ Plant trees for shade. Shading the home with deciduous trees can save up to 8 percent on cooling costs.


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Duplication; Disclaimer | Inquiry Unlimited | Looney Lobster | Eureka | Westward Expansion
as part of Westward Expansion from Eureka!
a constantly changing URL database with content relevant to elementary school curricula
1817 - Erie Canal
- Research the Erie Canal taking notes while using a URL site, an encyclopedia and a picture book.
- As a character along the canal or working on the canal, use the notes to create an illustrated journal containing 6 - 7 entries which reveal important incidents and discoveries.
- Organize a focused narrative which:
- includes background information about how and why the canal came about
- contains information of what happened during the building and use of the canal
- uses supporting details to explain how the success of creating the canal affected the growth history of the United States!
- Create an artifact packet (use a gallon plastic bag) which includes primary source documents, miniature props, and a descriptive index of the contents related to the Erie Canal.
- 1817 - Images of the Erie Canal
- How a lock works on the Erie Canal
- Harness, Cheryl. The Amazing Impossible Erie Canal
- Spier, Peter. The Story of the Erie Canal.
- Stein, R. Conrad. The Story of the Erie Canal
As of December 4, 2003, you are visitor to explore the Erie Canal.
[Return to: Westward Expansion | Inquiry Unlimited | USA songs | Boston area and global links]
Eureka! Inquiry Unlimited is a work in progress originating from the Inquiry Unlimited
Copyright © 1999 Marjorie Duby All Rights Reserved.
Last modified: May 19, 2008
Unless otherwise indicated, this website and its contents are the property of Marjorie Duby and are protected, without limitation pursuant to United States and foreign copyright laws. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer: The staff of Inquiry Unlimited attempts to provide appropriate, informative educational links. We check and update links frequently. We cannot be responsible for the content, use of, or quality of materials on any website other than our own. To the best of our knowledge, graphics on this site are public domain. If you find otherwise, please notify us and we will remove them immediately.


A Morse Code typo lights city skyline
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An evening view of the city's Downtown skyline offers more than just a beautiful blend of old and new architecture towering over glistening moonlit rivers.
If you look high atop the 33-story Grant Building, you see the red neon lights flashing, in International Morse Code, a one-word message:
Wait, that's not right, said Tom Stepleton, as he decoded the message while waiting to see the city's Fourth of July fireworks show with friends at the Brew House on the South Side.
"I was looking at it, and I saw the letter 'K,' which is [dash-dot-dash]," Mr. Stepleton said. "I remembered 'K' because my sister's name starts with 'K.' And I knew that wasn't supposed to be there."
Mr. Stepleton, 29, of Squirrel Hill, a graduate student pursuing a degree in computer sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, knew from past viewing that the code should spell "Pittsburgh." He learned Morse code as a teenager, when he became a ham radio operator.
Of course, it's not like it's a secret. The flashing beacon atop the Grant Building has been famous for spelling out "Pittsburgh" since they flipped the switch during a dedication in March 1929.
The Grant Building, located on Grant Street between Third and Fourth avenues, was designed by architect Henry Hornbostel and stood as the tallest building between New York and Cleveland when it was built in 1928. Pittsburgh's first skyscraper, it cost $8.5 million to build.
The radio tower erected atop the 500-foot structure served KDKA Radio, which then was housed in the Grant Building.
But skyscrapers weren't the only thing new at the time. Commercial air travel was still a novelty and regular air mail service was just a year-old experiment. Newspapers at the time said it was decided that the tower should have an aerial beacon flashing on it "to comply with the recent request of Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, so that aviators might recognize the city."
Red neon was chosen because it was the color best visible through fog.
It was reported that W.J. Strassburger, president of the Grant Building Inc. and its principal backer, suggested that since the tower beacon had to flash, it might as well flash something worthwhile.
The word "Pittsburgh," transmitted via 3.25 million candlepower, could be seen by pilots from 75 to 125 miles away, depending upon conditions, and was registered with the Bureau of Lighthouses in the Division of Aeronautics.
Through the decades, the tower was replaced by a smaller version, but the word "Pittsburgh" has been flashing pretty steadily from dusk to dawn.
The letters, as any sailor could tell you, are "dot-dash-dash-dot, dot-dot, dash, dash, dot-dot-dot, dash-dot-dot-dot, dot-dot-dash, dot-dash-dot, dash-dash-dot, and dot-dot-dot-dot." Following the four flashing dots for the letter "H," there is a short pause, and then the series repeats.
Until recently, that is.
Representatives of McKnight Property Management, the building's current owners, could not say how long the code has been off or how and when the lights might be reset. But the company is aware of the flawed flashes.
Mr. Stepleton, a recreational pilot, spelled out where the errors are. First, there is a stray flash -- which could be construed as a dot representing the letter "E" -- between the two dashes that represent the two "Ts" in Pittsburgh.
Then there is a dash that should be a dot at the start of the seventh letter, turning what ought to be a "U" into a "K."
Finally, there is a dot that should be a dash at the start of the ninth letter, changing the "G" into another "R."
Mr. Stepleton thought the brilliant typo interesting enough to record and upload onto Youtube.com. Then, believing that someone might want to correct it, he contacted the Post-Gazette.
Apparently, he knows how seriously the newspaper takes misspelled words.
Create a free PG account.
Already have an account?


text:
AbstractTobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and, while anti-tobacco movements have implemented many policies and regulations to prevent smoking uptake, every year approximately 207,000 teenagers in the UK start smoking. Much has been written on youth smoking initiation, but examining the perspectives of young people through their Twitter persona has thus far been under-researched.
The Twitter engagement of the smoking cessation organisation The Filter Wales is used as the basis of this study. This organisation is a leading youth-focussed tobacco control initiative in Wales. Through a Twitter collection program, 4.8 million tweets from 2180 sample members were collected. Novel big data methods are combined with traditional methods such as content analysis and analysis of discourse to determine the reach of smoking cessation programs and provide a better understanding of the social meaning of smoking and its association with other health risks.
Results show that the tweets and Twitter profiles can illustrate social inequalities between sample members and that the Filter has reached their target audience. The results further illustrate that the majority of tweets concern tobacco smoking and that for young people tobacco and e-cigarettes relate to personal behaviour while marijuana and shisha are more common in a social context. Important for the Filter Wales, the knowledge of smoking (and unhealthy co-behaviours) is present, but for young people, the positive short-term effects of unhealthy behaviour outweigh the long-term gains of a healthy lifestyle.
This thesis extends the large body of work by approaching smoking from a data-driven perspective which has not been done to this extent before. This thesis demonstrates how tweets provide unadjusted perceptions of smoking and uniquely shows how these young people can be better understood in their smoking habit.
|Date of Award||Jan 2018|
|Supervisor||Liz Twigg (Supervisor) & Carol Ekinsmyth (Supervisor)|


text:
In this What Works Scotland seminar, Briege Nugent presented findings from a qualitative study of young people living in poverty, providing unique insight into their lives.
The research set out to explore:
- how young people end contact (successfully or not) with services
- their experiences and views of the 'transition to adulthood',
- and also what triggered, helped and hindered those who were trying to desist from offending.
The participants were met through Includem's unique Transitional Support set up in Scotland to provide emotional and practical help for those vulnerable in this age group. Over the course of the research, a small number never left the service, and for the majority who did, it was found that they had limited to no other support in their lives but were reluctant to ask for help, even when they were in real need.
They were all acutely aware of their precarious situation and in many ways had accepted or blamed themselves for their unequal position. This study, although small, shows the impact of what the Christie Commission refers to as 'the cycle of deprivation and low aspiration' that has been allowed to persist. We are living in a society, where a population of what should be aspiring young adults have little to no expectations of what they are entitled to, what they can expect and what the future holds.
In many ways, for them social justice simply does not exist. Briege Nugent called for renewed hope so that inaction and continued poverty and inequality are not rendered inevitable.
Her presentation was followed by reflections from Karen McCulloch from Includem, and open discussion on key issues.
- Briege Nugent from the University of Edinburgh
- Karen McCulloch from Includem
Hosted by Oliver Escobar from What Works Scotland
Briege's presentation was followed by reflections from Karen McCulloch from Includem, and open discussion on key issues.
Date: 7 June 2016


» » Robo-Real: Board Game to PC Game
Robo-Real: Board Game to PC Game
posted in: Studio 0
Download Game: _URL_
In the beginning there was a plan: to develop one of "GAMES magazine's Top 100 board games for 1995" 8, Robo Rally, into a computer game. With this goal, several problems were revealed. Not only was there a need to justify programming an analog game into a digital format, but for the most part developing an equally entertaining game for only one player. As most board games make evident, "it takes two" 1 to tango. In order to produce a single player digital version of an analog multi-player game, it became necessary to investigate other digital adaptations of analog games. The emulation of board games into the digital world opens up new and exciting possibilities in the way of human interaction with games. Real-Time Robo-Rally© was thus designed to emulate and modify the board game Robo Rally so that it could be played by one person on a computer.
Real Time Robo Rally (RTRR) was designed as an adaptation of the original board game. As with every adaptation, RTRR faced practical logistic questions.
"Generally, you expect a classic board game adaptation to fall into one of two categories. Either it's so completely untrue to the original that you wonder why they named it after the game in the first place, or it's such a painstaking duplication that you might as well just break out the actual board game." 2
In order to escape these common results of board game adaptation, it was necessary to define the goals of RTRR. The objective of the original Robo Rally is to trigger the interaction of at least two players. The goal of the game is to reach a destination on a square matrix game board. There are obstacles such as lasers, holes, walls, and conveyer belts that provide an element of chance and risk. If the cards are played right, given the obstacles are overcome, one player will reach the destination first and win the game. The objective of the board game is, to instigate interactivity with other players who are all competing to arrive at the same goal. In the case of RTRR the objective is similar, in that the player is trying to get to a predefined location on a matrix, but the interaction is with a computer. The original board game objectives change because victory is gained as a result of a personal aspiration and there is only one competitor.
To develop a single player game, other digitally adopted single player games were examined. Most single player games developed in flash, such as Galactic Tennis 3, are based on hand eye coordination. The Microsoft Windows game Solitaire 4 was studied as it is a turn based strategic single player game. Solitaire uses both an element of chance, playing cards, and a single goal achieved by one player. Each move must be calculated based on the last move and the games' narrative is constructed 'on the fly'. Similarly, the narrative in RTRR is developed in a linear fashion and each move depends on the last move. "There is a lot of strategy in it, although it might not be obvious until you reach level 3." 5 The most entertaining factor then becomes the element of chance. The player does not know what card to expect and therefore is not able to predetermine the next move. The challenge is to use the limited selection of cards to move a player to a final destination. As such, solitaire was a model for the adaptation of Robo Rally into RTRR.
After considering the element of adaptation from the original game, the real question becomes; 'why make the game digital?' "This involves such questions as how the original work is changed to allow for interactivity and the completion of an objective..." 6 The answer is in the extensive window of opportunity to add new and relevant media elements. RTRR uses sound, animation, and music that is not available in the analog version. All of these components allow for a stage set that adds to interactive enjoyment of the game. The sounds used give the player a sense of space. The animations suggest a virtual course of action. The music sets a relaxed setting and an ambient atmosphere. All of these elements make relevant the addition of new media types in the adaptation of the original game. In the original game, each move is signified by an analog action of moving the game piece according to the card selected. In RTRR, an animation represents the movement of a playing piece. Therefore, the user is immersed in the character of the game piece. The audio cues and sounds that react to the player's clicks give a robotic-like feel to the character further developing a connection with the user and the playing piece.
 "You could do everything... you had your sound which you could modify and the graphics corresponded well with the user and the game... so the environment was totally connected and the player was connected to the environment." 7
This connection between the player and the game also makes it easy to develop other interactive elements.
An important interactive element RTRR has, that is obviously not available in the analog version, is the ability of the player to modify the environment. The game offers a pop-up menu that lists several ambient atmospheric music samples. The player can also turn the background audio off. This may seem like a small feature to the digital version but the implications are enormous. The user now has the power to select different mood settings and thus further interact with the game. It is through this interaction and the immersion of the player into the gaming interface that allows for a more enjoyable gaming experience.
The adaptation of Robo Rally into Real Time Robo Rally©, as with the adaptation of any board game into a video game, involved many questions. Why make the game digital; why change elements of the original game, and what does the new game offer in addition to the old game's structure? Analyzing other adaptations, understanding digital media and interaction provides some of the answers. The adaptation of board games into computer games provides the user with new and more involving experiences that challenge the gamer even further.
Works and Sources Sighted:
1. _URL_
2. Crowe, Greg. "Risk II." _URL_: Noble Order Press Enterprises Inc. 2000.
3. _URL_
4. Microsoft Windows. "Solitaire" (video game).
5. Eskandar, Remon. Usability Tester. March, 2003.
6. Wolf, Mark J. P. Genre and the Video Game. Texas: University of Texas Press, 2000.
7. Rauscher, Sarah. Usability Tester. March, 2003.
8. _URL_


text:
Luce Foundation Center for American Art
Painting: Pre-18th century: Festive Scene
Jan Miense Molenaer
(born Haarlem, Holland about 1610 -- died Haarlem, Holland 1668)
Jan Miense Molenaer captured the lively households and bawdy taverns of seventeenth-century Holland. These images gave a comic spin to the familiar morality tales, and were as appealing to American patrons of the nineteenth century as they were in their own time. Molenaer learned his craft in the lively art community of Haarlem, where he married the respected painter Judith Leyster in 1636. Not long after, the courts ordered his property confiscated to pay debts, forcing Molenaer and his bride to flee to Amsterdam. There, his financial situation improved with important commissions and his wife's inheritance. After twelve years in Amsterdam, Molenaer purchased a house in Heemstede, but he continued to accrue debt and sold his paintings to settle accounts. A strong-willed and colorful character, Molenaer was arrested more than once for public brawling.
Image Credits: Painter in his studio by Jan Miense Molenaer. Courtesy Museum Bredius.


text:
A Child's Book of Values
Estsve Pujol i Pons
Number of pages: 112
A Child's Book of Values is a collection of stories from different cultures around the world,each story illustrating a different virtue.
"Fairy tales, fables, parables, examples, stories, epigrams, epic poems, ballads—all havetransmitted the science of life from generation to generation since the remotest times.They not only educate the individual but mold the thoughts of a people."
The twenty-six stories come from many cultures, but as the case with most good liter-ature, they are universal. With engaging full-color illustrations and clever design elements,this is a book to pick up and read to little ones and to give to middle schoolers to readthemselves. School libraries will find this a wonderful addition to their collection.
Among the stories readers will find:
- George Washington and the Cherry Tree(Story from the U.S.A.): Honesty
- The Elves and the Shoemaker(Brothers Grimm): Justice
- In the Sand and on the Rock(Arab Folk Tale): Peace
- The Emperor's New Clothes (Hans Christian Andersen): Sincerity
- Now We Will See What Time Brings Us(Chinese Folk Tale): Hope
- The Clever Girl (Polish Folk Tale): Creativity


text:
Griffin Hospital and the Valley School Districts (Shelton, Ansonia, Derby, Oxford, and Seymour schools, including Emmett O'Brien Technical), are committed to promoting the health of the Valley community and to combating childhood obesity. The Valley Initiative to Advance Health & Learning in Schools (VITAHLS) brings together Griffin Hospital, the Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, and the 5 Valley school districts to develop, implement, evaluate, and sustain a Valley-wide school-based childhood obesity prevention program to reduce the prevalence of obesity in students in grades Pre-K – 12.
- To reduce the prevalence of obesity and to promote the health, wellbeing, and academic readiness of students enrolled in the 5 Valley school districts.
- To develop a comprehensive and sustainable obesity prevention initiative that focuses on nutrition and physical activity for children in grades Pre-K – 12.
- To extend the health promotion efforts to include parents/family and school staff.
Objectives of the VITAHLS initiative
- To create an obesity prevention initiative designed to increase nutrition knowledge and healthy eating and increase physical activity within and outside of the school day
- To create and support a health promoting environment within the school setting.
- To create programs/activities that can be easily incorporated into, and with minimal disruption, to the school day
- To include policy, environmental/structural and educational components
- To create programs/activities that are sustainable over time with little to no budget impact on schools, and/or
- To secure funding to support any program related costs
- To include and encourage participation at all levels – students, parents, family, teachers, staff
- To increase community awareness of obesity and health related risks
- Be communicated and promoted effectively
- To evaluate the impact of the VITAHLS initiative
- To demonstrate improvement in the health of students by
- Reducing the prevalence of obesity
- Reducing the average number of sick days per student
Griffin Gala 2012: Dr. David Katz
Dr. Katz talks about the desperate need for the VITAHLS program, and what needs to be done to combat the childhood obesity epidemic.
Examples of ABC for Fitness© (Activity Bursts in the Classroom)
Mrs. Card's ABC for Fitness© (Activity Bursts in the Classroom)
Todd Howes' Sports Galore ABC for Fitness© (Activity Bursts in the Classroom)


Version 7 (modified by benl, 5 years ago)
< Overview
Regions and the Class System
In short, two pieces of data are in different regions if they are never substituted for each other. This property, or lack thereof, is sometimes called aliasing.
In the "extended" version of a type, data type constructors have a region annotation as their first argument, which indicates what region they're in. Due to type elaboration, we usually don't see the region annotations, but we can write them in signatures if we want to:
succ :: forall %r1 %r2. Int %r1 -> Int %r2
succ x = x + 1
sameInt :: forall %r1. Int %r1 -> Int %r1
sameInt x = x
pi :: Float %r1
pi = 3._PHONE_
Region variables can be quantified with forall just like type variables. If a region variable in the return type of a function is quantified it means the region is fresh, ie the data was allocated by the function itself.
Notice that in the type of succ, both %r1 and %r2 are quantified, this means that succ accepts data from any region and returns a freshly allocated Int.
sameInt just passes its data though, so the same region is on both argument and return types.
pi is just static Float and not a function that does allocation, so it doesn't have a forall.
Region classes
In Haskell we use type classes on type variables to restrict how these variables can be instantiated. For example, we can write:
(==) :: forall a. Eq a => a -> a -> Bool
Here, the Eq a context restricts forall a to just the types that support equality.
In Disciple, we can do a similar thing with regions:
csucc :: forall %r1 %r2
 . Int %r1 -> Int %r2
 :- Const %r1
The region class constraint Const %r1 restricts csucc so that it only accepts arguments that are constant. Data in Const regions is guaranteed by the type system never to be destructively updated. In Disciple we write the class constraints at the end of the type for clarity, though there is a plan to allow the standard Haskell syntax as well.
The opposite of Const is Mutable and we can explicitly define data values to have this property.
counter :: Int %r1 :- Mutable %r1
counter = 0
Any Int that is passed to csucc is required to be Const. If you try and pass a Mutable Int instead it will be caught by the type system.
main () = putStr $ show $ succ counter
 Conflicting region constraints.
 constraint: Base.Mutable %1
 from the use of: counter
 at:./Main.ds:...
 conflicts with,
 constraint: Base.Const %2
 from the use of: succ
 at:./Main.ds:...
Effect purification
Besides manually added annotations, the main source of Const constraints in a Disciple program is the use of laziness. Remember from EvaluationOrder that the suspension operator (@) maps onto a set of primitive suspend functions.
If we wanted a lazy version of succ that only incremented its argument when the result was demanded, then we could write it like this:
lazySucc x = (+) @ x 1
this is desugared to:
lazySucc x = suspend2 (+) x 1
where suspend2 has the following extended type:
 :: forall a b c!e1!e2
 . (a -(!e1)> b -(!e2)> c) -> a -> b -> c
 , Pure !e1
 , Pure !e2
Now the addition function (+) for Int has this extended type:
(+) :: forall %r1 %r2 %r3!e1
 . Int %r1 -> Int %r2 -(!e1)> Int %r3
 :-!e1 =!{!Read %r1;!Read %r2 }
Which says it reads the two arguments and returns a freshly allocated Int
When we pass (+) as the first argument of suspend2 the type system encounters the effect class constraint Pure!{!Read %r1;!Read %r2;} which it satisfies by forcing %r1 and %r2 to be Const. If a value is in a Const region then it is guaranteed never to be destructively updated. This means that it doesn't matter when we read it, so the operation is pure.
To say this another way, when a function application is suspended the type system purifies its visible Read effects by requiring the data being read to be Const.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a general question, and then the specific version of that question I need for research. All vector spaces over $\mathbb{C}$.
Grassmanians of planes
The $(2,n)$-Grassmannian, denoted $Gr(2,n)$, is the space of all 2 dimensional subspaces of $n$ dimensional space. This is naturally a complete complex variety. Its variety structure is usually realized through the Plucker embedding
$$Gr(2,n)\hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^{\binom{n}{2}}$$
This starts with a space $V\subset \mathbb{C}^n$, chooses basis vectors $v_1,v_2$, and then maps $V$ to the point in $\mathbb{P}^{\binom{n}{2}}$ with homogenous coordinate given by all $2\times 2$-minors of the $2\times n$ matrix with rows $v_1,v_2$.
For $i,j\in [n]$, the Plucker coordinates $x_{ij}$ is the $\{i,j\}$th homogeneous coordinate on $\mathbb{P}^{\binom{n}{2}}$; therefore, the composition with the Plucker embedding corresponds to the $ij$th minor. The image of this map is defined by the homogeneous Plucker relations. For all, $i5$. The singular locus consists of the $2$-planes that lie in the codimension $4$ subspace that consists of $0$ plus the vectors $v$ such that pairing $v$ with any linearly independent vector generates a $2$-plane that still lies in the hypersurface.
The way to think about this more geometrically is this: Take any nonzero $2$-form $\Omega$ on $\mathbb{C}^n$. Consider the set $Z_\Omega\subset Gr(2,n)$ that consists of the $2$-planes on which $\Omega$ vanishes. This is a hypersurface in $Gr(2,n)$ of exactly the kind you are considering in your specific problem. Let $N\subset\mathbb{C}^n$ be the null space of $\Omega$, i.e., the subspace consisting of the vectors $v\in\mathbb{C}^n$ such that $\Omega(v,w) = 0$ for all $w\in\mathbb{C}^n$. Then a $2$-plane $V$ is a singular point of $Z_\Omega$ if and only if $V$ is a subspace of $N$.
In your particular case, $\Omega = dz^i\wedge dz^j - dz^k\wedge dz^l$, so $N$ is the subspace defined by $z^i = z^j = z^k = z^l = 0$.
In the more general case, the codimension of $N$ is twice the largest integer $\rho$ such that $\Omega^\rho\not=0$.
These claims are easily verified in a chart on $Gr(2,n)$.
Addendum: I forgot to answer the question about whether the hypersurface $Z_\Omega$ is irreducible. It is. The reason is that the smooth locus is connected, as follows without too much difficulty from the above description.
Also, you asked whether the intersection of a number of these 'linear' hypersurfaces is always connected. The answer to this is 'no'. For a simple example, take the locus defined by $x_{13}=x_{14}=x_{23}=x_{24}=0$ in $Gr(2,4)$. This consists of two points, a pair of 2-planes in general position in $\mathbb{C}^4$.
In general, deciding whether such an intersection is smooth or connected (or even nonempty) is not easy. In the theory of exterior differential systems, there is a criterion that is sufficient for a point in $Gr(2,n)$ to be smooth that is often useful, even though it is far from necessary. I'll describe it briefly here, but you can get more information in our book Exterior Differential Systems.
For notational simplicity, let me denote $\mathbb{C}^n$ by $W$. Let $\Sigma\subset \Lambda^2(W^\ast)$ be a linear subspace, and let $Z_\Sigma\subset Gr(2,W)$ denote the set of $2$-planes $V\subset W$ such that all of the elements of $\Sigma$ vanish on $V$. I want to define the locus $Z^o_\Sigma\subset Z_\Sigma$ of ordinary elements, and these will be smooth points of $Z_\Sigma$. To do this, for each $w\in W$, consider the vector space $H(w)\subset W$ consisting of all the vectors $v\in W$ such that $\Omega(v,w)=0$ for all $\Omega\in\Sigma$. Say that $w$ is $\Sigma$-regular if the dimension of $H(w)$ is minimal among all $w\in W$. (The $\Sigma$-regular elements in $W$ form a Zariski-open subset of $W$.) Say that $V\in Z_\Sigma$ is $\Sigma$-ordinary if $V$ contains a $\Sigma$-regular vector.
It is not hard to show that the set $Z^o_\Sigma\subset Z_\Sigma$ consisting of $\Sigma$-ordinary elements consists of smooth points of $Z_\Sigma$, and its closure is an irreducible component of $Z_\Sigma$. However, $Z^o_\Sigma$ might well be empty, even though $Z_\Sigma$ is nonempty (and could even be smooth). For the purposes of exterior differential systems, though, $Z^o_\Sigma$ turns out to be the most interesting part of $Z_\Sigma$ (when it is nonempty).
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For Grassmannians and more generally for homogeneous spaces, it is sometimes far easier to check if a subvariety is smooth by checking on each chart since all the charts are affine space (of much smaller dimension).
Take local equations defining your variety on each chart and use the Jacobian criterion on each of those sets of equations.
To get local equations from global equations (for the Grassmannian), recall that a chart is where a given particular Pluecker coordinate $p_I$ does not vanish, and the chart itself is affine space with coordinates $p_J/p_I$ where


Why can't I delete my phone number's address?
If you own a phone number with an address requirement, you will not be able to delete that address. To resolve this, you can add a new address that satisfies the requirements, or you can release the phone number which requires the address. You can see which phone numbers require the address by navigating to that address in the Twilio Console or by using the DependentPhoneNumbers resource in the API.
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text:
Geographical Location :
Western ghats are the continuous range of mountains, rising up from the
India's Malabar Coast. The average elevation of the western ghats is
approximately 1200 meters. Starting at south of Tapti
(near the border of Gujrat and Maharastra), Western Ghats cover
1600 Km, and pass through states like Maharastra, Goa
Kerala, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. The mountain range of Western Ghats end at
Kanyakumari, which is the southern end of India.
It is very important to know about the climatic conditions, as it helps in
understanding the proper ecology of the region. The elevated region of the
western ghats records the temperate climate while the climate is tropical
and humid in the lower parts. The temperature ranges from 20oC in the south
to 24oC in the north Although the climate is largely modified by the
seasonal winds. During the summer season they are responsible for bringing
the monsoon and in winters the winds provide the cool and serene atmosphere.
Western Ghats forests and eco regions :
The landscape comprises of variety of eco-systems
ranging from lush green to moist evergreen forests. Numerous hills in
the mountain range of Western Ghats are continuous and have higher peaks.
Many of peaks and hills, such as Kalsubai, Mahabalehwar, Taramati,
Harishchandragad, Mullayanagiri, Nilgiri and Biligirirangans are house to
plenteous dense forests. In fact, the Western Ghats prepare the largest
forest area in the South India. The major vegetation types are tropical
evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, scrub jungles, sholas, savannas
including the high rainfall savannas. The highly dense forest has several
wildlife parks including the Silent Valley National Park which is considered
to be the only virgin forest in the country.
Western Ghats Floral System :
Western ghats are known for the 56 genera of flowering plants, which are
considered as endemic. Apart from this there are four thousand species of
flowering plants that are known from the western ghats includingCycas
circinalis (Cycadales), Decussocarpus wallichianus (Coniferales ), and
Gnetum ula and G. contractum (Gnetales). Amongst the lower plants 320
species of pteridophytes, 200 species of bryophytes, 300 species of algae
and 800 species of lichens are known.
Western Ghats Wildlife :
These ghats are the home to some of the rarest and endangered faunal
species on earth like lion tailed macaques, claw less otters, Nilgiri
langurs, Nilgiri Tahr are few such examples. Apart from these Western ghats
boost of very rich species of amphibians, which includes 117 species of
frogs, toads and caecilians.
There are several wildlife sanctuaries and evergreen forests such as
Nagarhole National Park, Bandipur
, Wayanad National Park and Mudumalai National Parks that
are located in this Ghat. The filthily well off dense forsets in shelter
numerous of wild animals. Karnataka Ghats alone are home to over 6,000
elephants. Besides, a large number of Tigers, Gaurs, Butterfly and hundreds
of species of Birds are found here. Than there are around 218 species of
freshwater fishes, out of which 53% in the western ghats are considered as