text:
- Poster presentation
- Open Access
Incidence of rapid increase of plasma sodium during liver transplantation and ITS effect on outcome
© Yoh et al.; 2015
- Published: 1 October 2015
- Liver Transplantation
- Neurological Complication
- Cerebral Edema
- Sodium Concentration
- Acute Liver Failure
Rapid correction of hyponatremia can cause pontine myelinolysis and should be corrected by less than 10 mM/L within 24 hours. Hepatic cirrhosis is often associated with hyponatremia due to fluid retention and ascites. During liver transplantation, sodium may increase because of fluid administration and blood transfusions. Little is known regarding the frequency of rapid sodium increases during liver transplantation and whether such rapid corrections carry detrimental effects.
To determine the incidence of rapid plasma sodium correction in liver transplants and their effect on outcome.
We retrospectively analyzed data from 607 liver transplants at a single institution. Rapid correction of sodium was defined as an increase of serum sodium by more than 10 mM/L within 24 hours after the start of liver transplantation when compared to preoperative sodium levels. Primary endpoint was 90-day mortality or graft failure requiring re-transplantation.
Perioperative rapid increases of sodium above what is recommended for correction of hyponatremia occurred in over 6% of all cases with only one case of severe neurological complication that was not consistent with pontine myelinolysis. Perioperative increases of plasma may be less dangerous than previously thought if it is not associated with abrupt changes of plasma osmolality. The neurological complication (cerebral edema, not pontine myelinolysis) of the patient described above are more likely attributable to her preoperative acute liver failure than rapid increase of sodium concentrations.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Usage of Heavy machinery and tools in loco sheds and their functionalities
Transportation plays a constructive role in the development of the nation. Various transportation means are available today, and it can depend on the choice of the people and their comfortability to choose the means of their travel. For travelling the long distances, people prefer trains of planes. But unfortunately, the plane journey is much expensive for the ordinary citizens as they cannot afford it. So most of the people choose trains as their travelling sources.
People are aware that the trains can be very helpful in making their journeys comfortable, but they are not aware of their manufacturing.Very few loco sheds are available all around the world, and it can be a tough task to manufacture a train. It is a multiple phase project which includes various stages which can begin with:
- The contract to start the manufacturing process
- Designing the locomotive
- Collection of materials and parts
- Manufacturing process
- Assembling process
- Test and delivery process
The authorities have to import various parts essential for building from different companies and then have to assemble all of them. Senior and experienced technical staffs have to work continuously along with their associates to make it ready in time. The loco shed consists of rail construction equipment which is more expensive and rarely available. They can be very helpful in rail building as without them the trains cannot come on track. The rails are the two parallel iron bars on which the train can move smoothly. In case if there is any problem with the rail track, the checking team have to verify, identify and rectify the issue immediately.
The main functionalities of the loco sheds and the staff working in the sheds include manufacturing the body building parts and assembling them, supervising the final track functions so that they can deliver and test the train successfully. The staff working in these loco sheds should have technical skills along with the experience of working with heavy machinery. The architects and the system engineers need to work jointly in the designing phase and have to make it implement in manufacturing process. Many people involve in the manufacturing process of the train and it is very complex.
The railway department need to approve the design and the working process of manufacturing and then only the companies can start the further process as it can be very expensive. When all the parts of the train gets ready, the assembling work starts with the under frame and it can include the parts like runners, bolsters, transoms and sole bars etc. Series of jigs are used in moving the under frame on to the welding place. All these things are carried out by the railway maintenance team and can help the technical team to assemble the entire bogies along with the engine. It can take much time to complete all the process and make it ready to board on the track.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
OTR4013 - Developing a Missional Church
A study of the principles and strategies required to develop a healthy congregation that fulfills the great commission as a missionary church within our diverse cultural context. Prerequisite: Introduction to Christian Service.
The following intended learning outcomes will be achieved by this course:
- The student will be able to demonstrate by discussion and dialog a basic understanding of the trends of modern culture and its impact on the church in the postmodern world.
- The student will be able to articulate the components that are evidenced in a missional church.
- The student will explore the differences between being a sending church and being a sent church, in the context of Mission USA/Canada, and the Wesleyan-Arminian tradition.
- The student will be able to explain possible options to be used in bringing the truth of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to address the trends of the relativistic, pluralistic society, and the individual caught up in that society.
The following are Competencies for Ministry as outlined in the Sourcebook on Ordination USA that will be addressed in this course:
- CP7 Ability to lead evangelistically through preaching, modeling and equipping others.
- CP8 Ability to lead in discipling and assimilating new converts into the Church.
- CX1 Ability to understand, appreciate, and work sensitively with cultures and sub-cultures.
- CX2 Ability to identify and apply the principles of cross -cultural communications.
- CX3 Ability to discern sociological dynamics, (including the power dynamics of gender, age and ethnicity) and to apply that information to specific ministry settings.
- CX4 Ability to analyze and describe congregations and communities.
Introduction to Christian Service.


text:
Crowfoot Hodgkin Nobel Lecture
- Figure 7a
Fig. 7a. Electron density peaks from eI
calculated for cobyric acid, factor VIa. The contours are
at intervals of I e/A3, starting with the
2 electron contour. The I-electron contour is dotted where necessary to define
an atomic position.
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Why do we say that an obscene joke is "off-color"? Is a G-rated joke "on-color"? What color? When and how did this idiomatic expression come from?
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4 Answers 4
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The first definition in the OED is specific to diamond mining, where an off-colour diamond is neither pure white or another colour, which makes it of inferior value (there are quotations using the phrase from 1860 - 1968).
The next definition is more general and has two sub-definitions. The first means of a colour that's either darker, lighter, not natural, proper or acceptable (quoted 1873 - 2000). The second is to be slightly unwell, or not up to the mark, or out of order (1876 - 1997).
Finally, the third is what we're after:
Of questionable taste, disreputable; improper, vulgar; spec. (of language, jokes, etc.) slightly indecent or obscene. Cf. dirty adj. 2.
The first quotation:
1875 J. G. Holland Sevenoaks in Scribner's Monthly Mar. 582/1 Everybody invited her, and yet every body, without any definite reason, considered her a little 'off color'.
Searching Google Books, I found some antedatings. First for diamond mining:
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction - Volume 5 - Page 15 - John Timbs - 1825:
The smallest flaw, or foul (as it is called) greatly diminishes the price of the diamond; and if it be tinged with yellow, brown, &c., a fault characterised by the technical term off colour, its value falls very considerably, and is frequently reduced from a third to one half.
Next, for a general use (though I'm not sure if this means "unwell" or "of questionable taste"):
Paris in '67: Or, The Great Exposition, Its Side-shows and Excursions - Page 87 - Henry Morford - 1867:
... and yet, though I have no doubt that the lady has been a little 'off color,' and though Mazeppa and the French Spy may not be exactly the thing in which we should like our sisters to'show themselves' — yet, do you know, I am not only in love,...
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I've sent these antedating to the OED. – Hugo Jun 8 '13 at 8:42
I have no concrete evidence to suggest so, but I feel as though my following reasoning might help you. In the world of comedy there is a certain genre called "black comedy", this genre focuses on making satirical humor based on actual events that one might consider not funny. One example is the movie "Dr. Strangelove" a black comedy that was satire to the cold war. In the movie there is a scene where a man is forced to ride an atomic bomb down to its detonation, he does this on purpose because otherwise it wouldn't detach from its loading dock. The comedic part is that as he rides it he rides it similar to a cowboy and a bull, making fun of the fact that only an American would be so silly as to make fun out of big explosions. But the "black" aspect is the actuality that the American is conveying the death of millions and ensuring "mutually ensured destruction" for both the soviets and the US in nuclear war. Therefore one can assume that when a joke is "off color" it is not pure, it has a tinge of controversial meaning that some might find offensive.
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Welcome to EL&U Jason. Can you include some cited source(s) with your answer? – Kristina Lopez Jun 6 '13 at 20:06
Here is the definition of off color in Chapman & Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, Third Edition (1995):
off color adj phr by 1875 Somewhat salacious; risqué; =BLUE: a couple of off-color jokes/ Some of his observations were a bit off color.
That same reference reports that blue in the sense of "lewd, rude, suggestive" appeared in American English by 1840.
The same sense of blue appears in England, too. Thus, Farmer & Henley, Slang and Its Analogues (1890) has this entry:
blueness subs. (common) —Indecency. Smutty talk is described as BLUE, sense 2.
Carlyle, Diderot [1840]. "The occasional blueness of both [writings] shall not altogether affright us."
And for blue sense 2, Farmer & Henley says this:
Indecent; smutty; obscene. This may be derived from the blue dress of harlots—although Hotten suggests it as coming from the French Bibliotheque Bleu, a series of books of questionable character. Books of an entirely opposite nature are said to be brown or Quakerish.
From About.com's definition of blue humor (_URL_
The alternative term for clean humor seems to have been white at one time. Wentworth & Flexner, Dictionary of American Slang (1960) offers this item under its entry for blue:
3 Risque; vulgar; suggesting the obscene. 1930: "...Blue gags = jokes in questionable taste." Variety. 1953: "In burlesque [comedian Red] Buttons has a reputation for being, if not lily white, at least no bluer than..." G. Millstein in NY Times Mag., Feb 22.
So putting all of this together, we have the idea that off color refers to blue, which means crude, lewd, or indecent; but white or brown indicate clean (or boring). I especially like the idea from Farmer & Henley that blue may have gotten its unsavory connotation from a particular edition of smutty French literature.
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Which brings up a similar related question - why blue? For what reason is the color blue associated with vulgar humor? – Darrel Hoffman Jun 7 '13 at 3:02
If you believe my 1890 source (and I'm by no means sure that I do), blue was the dress favored by harlots—or the book jacket color of a famous French series of "books of questionable character." – Sven Yargs Jun 7 '13 at 3:26
Hmm, I would've thought "red" for harlot-fashion, but I guess sensibilities change over time. The book jacket theory may have some validity, but I'd imagine there'd be plenty of non-vulgar books with blue jackets - it's a pretty common color for old books, from what I've seen. (In places like Japan, the color pink seems to play that role, but that makes a lot more sense if you think about it.) – Darrel Hoffman Jun 7 '13 at 3:51
Blue is also the colour of lust, if I recall correctly. – user867 Jun 7 '13 at 6:15
As no-one has really emphasised the following meaning I feel justified in offering little more than anecdote: off-colour most definitely means "unwell" where I am from (though it is a little archaic). The "colour" in question being the colour of one's skin.
In the case of a joke, I would see it as a synonym for "sick", meaning distasteful. I'm unsure of the connection between taste and wellness, but if you read things like Frankenstein, one might be led to believe the connection between beauty (i.e. notions of taste) and wellness was far more explicit than today.
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This from all the others convinces me! I was going to suggest blue being a typical colour associated with porn, and a joke being very rude but then I got stuck on "off colour"! – Mari-Lou A Jun 8 '13 at 8:50
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A model of the relationship between crime and the resources employed in its detection and punishment by the criminal justice system. In this model the agents of the criminal justice system (the law makers and law enforcers in particular) are thought to operate like fishers: they can use nets of varying dimensions or with varying sizes of mesh and the 'net' will determine how much crime is caught. This model tends to be favoured by critical criminologists as they are interested in understanding how the state can use the criminal justice system to support particular interest groups in society or to legitimize the political and economic arrangements of the society. Like the crime model it reflects realist assumptions about crime. Crime is assumed to exist objectively and the net simply determines what quantity of it will be revealed. Symbolic interactionists and ethnomethodologists would reject this model and insist that crimes are only those events which are recognized, identified or categorized as crime. See: CRIME FUNNEL / NET WIDENING /.
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text: The distinguished French composer, Jean-Baptiste Breval was a cello student of Jean-Baptiste Cupis. In 1778, Breval made his first public appearance with Concert Spirituel playing his own sonatas. This concert made Breval famous overnight. A prolific composer, Breval wrote music for many genres:symphonies, concertos, chamber and instrumental music, sonatas. Breval composed an opéra-comique, Ines et Leonore, performed in Versailles in 1788 to great success.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Comprehensive Infomation About How to Find New Hampshire Public Records
New Hampshire was the 9th to become a U.S. state on June 21, 1788. It was one of the original colonies and its name is derived from Hampshire County, England. There were only 5 counties formed for the entire state in its early statehood. In 1840 the last two counties Belknap and Carroll were formed bringing the present number to 10 counties. County governments are formed as a branch of New Hampshire's state government. The elected delegation and the 3 member county commissioners of the executive branch oversee county affairs, finances and operations.
Freedom of Information and Open Records Statutes are enacted by state law makers to give New Hampshire citizens a transparent government. Records and meetings from N.H. state and local agencies are open to any member of the public. Anyone can request information from government agencies and companies contracted by the government. Residents and companies make their requests for various purposes. Other than uncovering government abuses and oversight of operations, many search public records for personal reasons.
Searching for records to conduct New Hampshire background checks requires retrieving many public records. Criminal records are a large part of most background searches. The New Hampshire state police Criminal Records Unit is the central criminal history repository where record checks can be obtained. Many individuals would like to search and view what future possible employers can see. Look into convictions, felonies and misdemeanors occurring in New Hampshire. Conduct instant searches of outstanding warrants, registered offenders, most wanted and inmates incarcerated online from the same site. Access the New Hampshire judicial branch and look into how to obtain court records. Where to order filings of divorces and other lawsuits, criminal trial details, transcripts and view current dockets of upcoming trials. Bankruptcy cases can be accessed with the PACER system where you can see lists of assets and liabilities and other file details.
Looking up records in efforts to locate assets held by an individual can be accomplished with the access to property deed information, business filings and other documents recorded by the state. The County registry of deeds maintain information regarding land and property ownership. Names of owners, dates and real estate details can be viewed with direct query of the recorder's database. An instant free online business entity look up will list results from the Secretary of State database of New Hampshire registered business names. The uniform commercial code division of the Secretary of State allows the public to search for U.C.C. filings online as a free service.
Many requests for New Hampshire records are for personal needs. Persons born in New Hampshire may need to request birth records for identification purposes when applying for a passport. Official certified marriage and death records are often requested for documentation requirements. Databases offered by states agencies allow for license verification of professionals such as attorneys, accountants, medical staff, contractors and many more instantly online.
Starting a search with a list of the most current New Hampshire sources to locate and request records will offer advantages over browsing aimlessly online. A New Hampshire public record web portal will index best found sites containing free information, how-to guidance and forms. Find new sources to expand your search for more comprehensive results.
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text:
Introduction Lung function testing by spirometry has remained unchanged for over 50 years, despite limitations including patient technique, discomfort, cost and training. Non-invasive, remote lung volume measurement is an alternative approach. This has been explored in the past using structured light, accelerometers and impedance pneumography, but these have often been costly and of limited validity.
We use a novel approach to remote assessment (~2 metres) using a 3D time-of-flight depth camera – similar to those found in many home gaming consoles. This pilot developmental data was generated from patients in a clinical setting.
Methods Patients were recruited from a general respiratory physiology laboratory. Spirometry was performed according to ATS/ERS standards using an unmodified pneumotachograph (nSpire Health, Longmont, CO, USA). A Kinect V2 time-of-flight depth sensor (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) was used to reconstruct 3D models of the subject's thorax to estimate volume-time and flow-time curves for both Forced and Slow Vital Capacity and their associated measurements (Figure 1, technical details in1).
These results were correlated with simultaneous recordings from the pneumotachograph, and error values calculated to assess the accuracy of the technique.
Results Data were available from 53 patients, with 40 having usable data. Mean age 62.8 yrs (SD 16.2), BMI of 26.8 (SD 5.5). 41.5% male. 54.7% of patients had obstructive lung diseases, and 28.4% fibrotic lung disease. Mean FVC was 91.3% predicted (SD 26.4%), Mean FEV1 83.1% (SD 28.9%).
The model estimates were highly correlated with spirometric values for FVC (λ = 0.999), FEV1 (λ = 0.947), VC (λ = 0.999), IC (λ = 0.997) and TV (λ = 0.962).
Univariate analysis demonstrated no patient characteristics predictive of discrepancy from spirometric values for FVC or VC.
Conclusions We describe a pilot data from the initial development of a new technique for non-invasively assessing lung volume and pulmonary function measurements. It correlates to within 30 ml for FVC and 10 ml for VC. This has a wide range of potential applications, including screening, home monitoring of respiratory disease, assessment of lung function in those unable to complete pneumotachygraphy and gating controls for radiological imaging techniques.
Reference 1 Soleimani V, Mirmehdi M, Damen D, et al. Remote pulmonary function testing using a depth sensor. Biocas 2015


text:
Çıkarma tarihi ile LEEPolimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi-Yüksek Lisans'a göz atma
Sayfa başına sonuç
ÖgeHigh internal phase emulsion template method for fast and selective mercury adsorption(Graduate School, 2022-01-06) Yıldırım, Melis Şeval ; Yavuz, Erdem ; 515171009 ; Polymer Science and Technology ; Polimer Bilim ve TeknolojisiThere are many template methods for designing porous polymers. Porous polymers have become highly preferred in the industry due to their easy processability and properties. In this study, it was polymerized using a high internal phase emulsion template (HIPE). HIPE is named by looking at the ratio of the external phase volume to the total volume. If this ratio is greater than 0.74, it can be called HIPE.Macroporous polymers prepared by the HIPE method were used. The main disadvantage of PolyHIPE polymers is that they have a low high area (SBET ~9 m2g-1). To overcome this disadvantage, a hypercrosslinking reaction was performed. High surface area polymers were obtained with the Fiedel Crafts reaction (SBET ~ 594 m2g-1). After the hypercrosslinked polymer was obtained, three different functionalization steps were applied. These are respectively; aldehyde, carboxylic acid and amide functionalization. The main purpose of this study is to obtain a selective, fast adsorbent on mercury. It is amide groups that provide selectivity to mercury. The -CONR2 group was obtained from the -Cl groups. In this study, amide group was obtained from carboxylic acid by using four different amides as propylamine, ethanolamine, aniline, diethylamine and DIC/NHS. With the emulsion templating strategy, hypercrosslinking polymers with different hyper-crosslinking times (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 22 hours) were obtained, increased to amide groups and adsorption studies were carried out. While the main product, HXL-30min-PHP-CONR2, adsorbs 28 mg/g mercury in the first 2 minutes, it is 40.5 mg/g in the 180th minute when it reaches equilibrium. For these studies, different pH ranges were tried (pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, pH 7) and the optimum pH was found to be 7.Isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRadushkevich) and kinetic (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion) models were made for HXL-30min-PHP-CONR2. Window and void diameter were calculated by using SEM images with Imagej program. Reuse studies were performed for HXL-PHP-CONR2 using 0.1 M HNO3, and 90% capacity was observed up to the 5th cycle.
ÖgeProduction of special resins for use in polyurethane(Graduate School, 2022-01-18) Hüten, Tibet ; Kızılcan, Nilgün ; 515191015 ; Polymer Science and Technology ; Polimer Bilim ve TeknolojisiPolyurethane prepolymers, generally reaction products of diols and diisocyanates, are considered an important part of polyurethane chemistry due to their direct contribution to final properties. Isocyanate and polyol react and form a strong, reinforcing urethane bond. Prepolymers are generally prepared with a 2/1 ratio of isocyanates to polyols to ensure an NCO (isocyanate) terminated structure. NCO terminated structure later reacts with chain extenders and crosslinkers to produce polyurethane structure with larger molecular weight. In prepolymer chemistry, isocyanate is considered a reactive component of the reaction medium. Apart from their role as a reactive component, they also arrange the mechanical properties of polyurethane. Therefore, a proper type of isocyanate should be considered for its application. In microcellular elastomeric shoe sole polyurethane chemistry, diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) has high consumption. Crude 4,4'- MDI has been chosen as the core of formulation for its highly reactive para-positioned NCO groups to form more reinforcing urethane bonds. However, a phenomenon called dimerization creates a dilemma on its high consumption in prepolymers. The reactivity of isocyanate is proportional to its rate of dimerization. Since crude MDI is a highly reactive material it has more tendency for dimerization. Dimerization is a phenomenon occupying a reaction between two isocyanates. The formation of dimers in the reaction medium reduces the free isocyanate components to react with polyols, creating a different reaction profile. Remaining free isocyanates in the reaction medium will react with a polyol to form a polyurethane structure with less frequent reinforcing urethane bonds. Therefore, fewer urethane bonds result in weaker mechanical properties. Changes in mechanical properties and reaction profiles are known symptoms of dimerization. Apart from these symptoms, dimers are known for their high melting and freezing points. According to this phenomenon, optimal operation and storage temperature of prepolymer will be in a more narrow spectrum. Prepolymer with a higher melting point will take a longer time to melt. Therefore, a more complicated pathway of processing should be considered. Storage conditions of prepolymers are also affected by dimerization. Dimerization rate is faster in 5 to 40 °C and above 50 °C. Therefore, prepolymers should be stored under 0 °C to evade dimerization. When the freezing point of a prepolymer is high and closer to the dimerization area, its stability during storage will dropdown. Freezing temperature is a key element to observing the storage stability of prepolymers. Isomers of crude MDI (2,4'- MDI and 2,2'- MDI) can be mixed with crude MDI to lower its melting and freezing temperatures for better operation and storage temperatures. Today, two forms of isocyanates named OP50 (50% - 50% mixture of 2,4'- and 4,4'- MDI) and carbodiimide modified MDI used for storage stabilization and improvement on melting of the prepolymer. Isomers of crude MDI have orto positioned NCO groups with low reactivity due to steric hindrance and show less tendency to dimerization. In literature, there is no concise study on the effect of OP50 and carbodiimide modified MDI in both melting and freezing points of prepolymers. Our study aims to investigate the effects of change in isocyanate and polyol components on freezing and melting points of prepolymers while preventing a dramatic change in mechanical properties. Prepolymers with carbodiimide modified MDI in 7-12 % show the lowest freezing temperature, the starting point of freezing, melting temperature, the starting point of melting. Its projections on mechanical properties in polyurethane (PU2) show improvement on elongation at break, tensile strength. Modulus shows a decrease due to loss of crystallinity. Besides from the best formulation, the mechanical properties of polyurethanes made from the other two best prepolymers are also investigated. PU3 which was made from PREP5 did not show a significant loss in mechanical properties same as the PU2. However, PU4 where PREP6 was used, show losses in compression set and tear resistance due to a lower amount of hydrogen and urethane bonding. It has the highest elongation at break value for its low level of crystalline hydrogen bonds. From shelf life observations in jars at 21 °C, found formula withstand freezing for 38 days while reference formula withstands for 19 days. Freezing showed a faster propagation in PREP1 than PREP4. At the end of 150 days, PREP1 completely frozen while PREP4 stayed in liquid form. For this reason, the formulation was found successful to be used in standard polyurethane applications and increasing the shelf life of prepolymers.


istic Inference come to mind).
There is a risk of stressing students out if they do the math, of course. A few quick presses on a keyboard or calculator should reveal that, say, a 96/137 is just about 70 percent. However, one has to be fairly deliberate about doing such calculations, as 137 is a rather awkward number to mentally calculate percentages with. If you asked me to estimate what a mark out of 137 corresponded to in a 100-point scale, I would probably engage in some kind of iterative search algorithm where I added 13.7s, and then 1.4s. However, apparently people are generally lazy enough that they won't bother with computing the percentage of their raw score. They'd simply look at the grade itself (which largely depends on where the raw score stands in relation to others, not so much on its absolute value).
Would this system be applicable or useful in the UK? I'll acknowledge it was indeed a very clever solution in a US context, though I'm not sure it's necessarily as useful in the UK. This mainly stems from the fact that grades in the UK are generally numerically lower; an A (a First) typically starts at 70 percent rather than 90. There's thus already quite a fair bit of room to separate students that have merely learned the material from those that have engaged and understood it. Thaler mentions that students scored an average of 72 out of 100 on his initial exam (which caused an uproar among his students); that's on the high side in the UK! Typically, exams at Imperial would have a fairly difficult 'tail end' for the last 30 percent; I could see a case for a really hard 'last stretch' (10 percent) which tended to occur in some of the programming tests, but I think most exams have had enough discriminatory power. Generally, you'd want to use research projects and other forms of work over longer periods of time to sift out the top students (as those are probably more similar to both industry and postgraduate academia).
Another difference is that UK universities typically aggregate course grades by a percentage system, rather than by GPA. This does make sense; I would generally consider a student scoring 90 and 65 in two modules (77.5 average) to be far superior to one scoring a pair of 72s, while the GPA system would say otherwise. I'd be inclined to think I'd prefer the 90/65 student to one with a pair of 78s, even. This is not a problem for using a raw limit of 137, as they can always be translated (non-linearly, if need be) to percentage grades.
One benefit of this system is psychological; even if the raw score might well be just 60 percent, scoring an 82 sounds much better. However, at Imperial at least, exam scripts generally aren't returned to students. Also, this relies on most exams being graded out of 100 points (or less); if one is accustomed to 200-point exams, then being confronted with a score in the 80s might feel terrible (even though it is percentage-wise better than a 110 in a 200-point exam!)
There is also one minor objection I have, speaking more generally. Unless the exam being set is really, really hard, it's likely that some students are likely to score above 100. Thaler claims this "(generated) a reaction approaching ecstasy" – I'm not sure I'd feel the same way as it would once again become front and center that the raw score is not a percentage, unlike most exams! The illusion would be clearly broken. Nonetheless, these students can probably take comfort in the fact (if they need to) that they're probably well ahead of the rest of the class.
In general, I think grading out of 137 (in raw scoring terms) can be pretty useful if (1) existing mandated grade boundaries or expectations are too high, so that one can't distinguish students' command of material; (2) one can control how raw scores are actually translated into grades that the students receive; (3) students get to view the raw scores, and (4) most exams are graded out of 100 (or possibly less).
All four appear to be true in the US system. While (2), (4) and maybe (1) are true at Imperial at least, (3) was not – and I'd say without (3) it probably wouldn't be worth the effort.
On Teaching and Teaching Assistants
I read an article in the Guardian a few days ago on the Finnish education system which is often cited in the western world as one example of a successful education system (in spite of some rather angry bold negative deltas in PISA 2015 – however reliable said tests are as a form of assessment). I've been through the table-topping Singapore education system, and while it certainly is rigorous (especially in mathematics – I recently looked at an A level Thinking Skills problem-solving question that, chillingly, wouldn't be too out of place on the Mathematics PSLE in Singapore) there are valid concerns regarding excessive stress levels, teaching not being perceived as a high-profile job and a lack of time for students to explore things on their own. I would certainly understand a desire not to bring some of these elements into an education system.
The headline message being trust your teachers is something I can appreciate to some extent, even though I was never explicitly a teacher, at least in terms of profession. I had the privilege of being an undergraduate teaching assistant during my third and fourth years at Imperial, and I like to think that the professors and lecturers who were supervising me placed a lot of trust in me; they certainly gave me a fair bit of latitude in the content I could cover (perhaps not the "unfettered flexibility" mentioned in the article, but I was supposed to teach rather specific modules – Logic, Discrete Mathematics, Reasoning about Programs, and Data Structures and Algorithms).
I was given high ability groups in both years, and this resulted in advanced tutorials that introduced students to various slightly more advanced topics they would see soon (concurrency, temporal logics, optimisation algorithms), as well as stretched their abilities in applying the concepts and knowledge learnt (okay, you know what a loop invariant is – how can we extend it to nested loops? Functions containing loops that could be recursive?). I believe these were appreciated, and did collect feedback on them (though, of course, it's difficult to be sure how much negative feedback was swept under the rug with these kinds of questionnaires).
Unfortunately, I did also indulge in some "teaching to the test", explaining strategies for tackling the various exams that were certainly not a part of the syllabus. Thankfully, Imperial's examinations don't have too much exploitability here, as far as I can recall; I think much effort was spent identifying common pitfalls and explaining how to avoid them (e.g. unnecessary quantifier movement in Logic, and telling students to clearly demonstrate their thought processes even if they couldn't answer the question). Some of this was certainly backed by popular demand, and it did pay off in that my students did win multiple prizes. I certainly wasn't in a position to change the assessment system at Imperial!
I did encounter minimal bureaucracy, mainly around marking the attendance of students (some of this is part of the Home Office's "expected contacts" requirement for non-EU students). I can't remember if a DBS check was necessary, though I already had one from year 1, in any case. Thankfully, there was nothing along the scale of what was being described in the article:
Contrast this with the UK, where schools have data managers, where some teachers are told which colour pens to use for marking, and where books are periodically checked to ensure that learning intentions are neatly stuck in place.
Not necessarily sure that the existence of data managers is a bad thing (after all, I do work for a company that helps others make data-driven decisions!) – but that said, drawing conclusions from data that doesn't truly reflect students' abilities (if that is what is going on) is very unlikely to be effective ("garbage in, garbage out" springs to mind).
I did do a stint as a volunteer student helper with a few schools near Imperial as part of the Pimlico Connection programme. Although I didn't witness said book checks, I certainly did notice teachers explicitly reference curricular objectives and the level system (this was pre-September 2014 changes). Obviously, I'm not sure how representative this is in schools in general, though. I think the only time I recall encountering this in Singapore was when preparing for the Computer Science IB HL exams.
The article concludes with an expansion of this notion of trusting individual teachers to societal trends towards trust in general, though not much evidence or data is presented on this. I guess some connections can be drawn to a point raised earlier on relative economic homogeneity. Looking at an issue of trust in the UK in specific, there is interestingly a series of studies that attempt to collect data on this. Slide 19 on the linked page suggests that 55% of British people trust the British people to "do the right thing", whatever that entails.
In terms of trusting individual teachers, I'd probably be comfortable with that only if there was a good process for selecting teachers. That's a difficult problem – simply going for the "best and brightest" in terms of students' academic results certainly isn't enough, as the Finnish process acknowledges. We did do that at Imperial, though in some sense the stakes are lower there as there is a supervisor monitoring the process and it is, still, one of the "least worst" indicators


Digestive disorders
How are digestive disorders related to bipolar disorder?
People with bipolar disorder may show increased rates of co-occurring conditions. These can include digestive system disorders such as appendicitis, gastric ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac (or coeliac) disease.
What is the evidence for digestive disorders?
High quality evidence suggests a medium-sized increased rate of bipolar disorder in people with irritable bowel syndrome compared to people without irritable bowel syndrome. Moderate quality evidence found no difference in the rate of bipolar disorder between people with or without celiac disease.
April 2020
Last updated at: 2:07 am, 28th April 2020
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Orange - Topic summary is being compiled.
Red - Topic summary has no current systematic review available.


She never won a Nobel prize. But today this pioneering physicist is getting her face on a stamp
Chien-Shiung Wu grew up in China and immigrated to the United States in 1936 where she completed her Ph.D. studies at the University of California at Berkeley, then went on to teach at Smith College and Princeton University. By Catherine E. Shoichet, CNN
(CNN) -- Chien-Shiung Wu isn't a household name, but the pioneering physicist's portrait could be coming soon to a mailbox near you.
Her face is the latest image on a US Postal Service stamp issued on Thursday.
And the timing is no coincidence.
It's the International Day of Women and Girls in Science.
Jada Yuan, Wu's granddaughter, says issuing the stamp that day sends a powerful message.
"She believed in women and girls being in science, and achieving in any field that they put their minds to," Yuan says. "And I think it means a lot that because she's on a stamp, people will learn her story."
Wu got her Ph.D., became a professor and made landmark discoveries in physics at a time when relatively few women in the United States were even going to college.
The Chinese immigrant's work garnered her nicknames like "the queen of physics," and she won numerous accolades. But Wu never won a Nobel prize. And some speculate her gender may have been one reason she was passed over.
'She radically changed our view of the universe'
The stamp featuring Wu's portrait is one of three issued by the USPS this year to honor the achievements and culture of Asian Americans.
Postal officials say they selected Wu, who died in 1997, because she was one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century.
"During a career that spanned more than 40 years in a field dominated by men, she established herself as the authority on conducting precise and accurate research to test fundamental theories of physics," USPS says in its description of the stamp.
The discovery she's most known for: a 1956 experiment disproving conservation of parity, a law of physics that had become an accepted part of quantum mechanics.
"She radically changed our view of the universe," says Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University.
Scientists had long assumed the universe was symmetric and didn't distinguish between left and right. But Wu's experiment showed that wasn't the case, he said.
"The achievement opens the way to a whole new set of explanations of the atom, the world and the cosmos," the New York Herald Tribune reported at the time, comparing its significance to Einstein's discovery of the theory of relativity.
"Her work, you now see it integrated into what is called the Standard Model of particle physics. This is our deepest understanding of nature's ingredients," Greene says. "And Madame Wu's result is written all over those equations."
An immigrant's journey
Wu grew up in China and immigrated to the United States in 1936. She completed her Ph.D. studies at the University of California at Berkeley, then went on to teach at Smith College and Princeton University.
She took a job at Columbia University and joined the Manhattan Project in 1944, where her research included "improving Geiger counters for the detection of radiation and the enrichment of uranium in large quantities," according to a National Park Service profile of her.
She became a full professor at Columbia in 1958 and earned numerous awards for her work, including the Comstock Prize and the Wolf Prize. An asteroid was named after her in 1990.
The stamp featuring her face has been years in the making. Anyone can submit suggestions for "stamp subjects that celebrate the American experience." And the postal service says it gets about 30,000 nominations every year.
Immigrants have appeared on US stamps a number of times before, though the postal service told CNN it doesn't consider immigration status when it's evaluating who to put on a stamp or track how many immigrants have been featured. Fellow physicists like Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi have also appeared on stamps, and they were immigrants, too.
For Wu's granddaughter, a reporter at The Washington Post who's been promoting the stamp on her social media accounts, highlighting her grandmother's immigrant experience is an important part of the story.
"When my grandma immigrated, it was on a boat from China. For people of her generation, they got out just before the [Second] Sino-Japanese War, and then more war, and then Maoism. She never saw her parents alive after she left. Their tombs were desecrated when she went back,"Jada Yuan says. "There was a very a small community of Chinese intellectual expats who became really close, and sort of shared that experience of being separated from their homeland."
Vincent Yuan, a nuclear scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Wu's son, says his mother kept a book close at hand throughout her career: "From Immigrant to Inventor." In the Pulitzer-winning autobiography, Serbian-American physicist Michael Pupin detailed how he came to the United States with 5 cents in his pocket and just one set of clothes.
"She identified with him," Vincent Yuan says, "in the sense that she was an immigrant, too, and came over without a whole lot of wealth. And he also was concerned about a lot of things she was concerning science education."
The prize she didn't get
Missing out on the Nobel prize wasn't something Wu discussed with her family, according to her son and granddaughter.
But the issue has been a topic of debate in scientific circles for decades, with some speculating that sexism may have been the reason she was passed over even as other scientists studying the same things were honored.
"Chien-Shiung Wu is widely considered one of the most influential scientists in history, but her achievements were not widely acknowledged due to her gender and race," the American Association of University Women says on its website.
Vincent Yuan says being honored and respected by others in her field meant more to his mother than any prize.
"She wasn't about personal awards.... She looked towards what things she could do things about, but whatever's in the past was in the past."
Among the issues that most concerned her: equity for women in science.
He suspects his mother would be pleased to see how the field has changed. But to really evaluate, she'd take a hard look at the evidence and turn to the statistics, just like she always did.
"I'm pretty sure she wouldn't think the battle is over," he says.
Wu's family hopes her image on the new stamp will help inspire a new generation of would-be scientists to keep fighting.
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text:
ttytime - calculate length of ttyrec files
ttytime [-c ]
Outputs the length in seconds of each
ttyrec file given as input. For instance:
$ ttytime *.ttyrec 1234 foo.ttyrec 23425 bar.ttyrec
Set the maximum delay between any two frames in the ttyrec. If unset, there is no maximum.
Jesse Luehrs
This software is copyright (c) 2012 by Jesse Luehrs.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.


▼ Email Programs
▼ Webmail Providers
▼ General Tutorials
Free Email TutorialsGmailDelete an email message in Gmail
Delete an email message in Gmail
Unlike other popular webmail services like Windows Live Hotmail or Yahoo Mail, Gmail doesn't support email folders in the traditional sense: this means that unless you regularly archive your email messages (a topic we'll cover in depth in another tutorial), your Gmail inbox quickly starts overflowing with old emails you no longer need. Like other email providers though, Gmail offers a "Trash" folder where you can put messages you no longer want to keep. This tutorial explains how to delete emails in Gmail.
Delete emails from Gmail (in a web browser)
Follow these steps to delete an email or an entire conversation's worth of messages in your Gmail account: note that this tutorial explain how to do this inside a browser, not for the special case where you are checking your Gmail account from an email program (in which case you would delete your messages as is done inside that particular email client).
Caution: emails you delete in your Gmail account will be moved to the Trash, and remain there for about 30 days. After that point, deleted messages will be completely erased, and become unrecoverable. To restore delete emails before that 30-days period is up, please read the following tutorial: "Recover deleted emails in Gmail: restore / undelete messages from the Trash".
Tip: you can also delete an email message when you are inside it, reading its content. To do so, click on the "Reply" dropdown menu, and choose "Delete this message".
Delete the current email message in Gmail
If you don't like deleting emails while reading them, Gmail also lets you delete multiple emails at the same time.


This is silent, raw Kodachrome stock footage from the Coronet educational film company that they would use in their films. To use this footage from this film in your project, please contact us at footage@avgeeks.
1950s, adjusting, aeronautics, antenna, array, astronomy, biology, blip, boat, branches, breeze, bright, bucket, building, burning, buttons, captain, check, cherry cliff, climbing, clouds, color, communication, communications, computer, computers, computing, continents, control, controls, country, crops, data, demonstration, denim, desert, dials, dirt, disc, dish, disk, display, earth, electronics, engineering, examining, eyeglasses, farm, farmall, farmer, fashion, fast feeling, fern, field, flame, flannel, flash, flowing, footage, forest, gauges, gentle, globe, graph, grass, gravity, ground, hat, hazmat headset, helmet, horizon, horn, inspecting, jeans, laboratory, lakes, land, launch leaves, lens, lever light, lines, listening, looking, machinery, man, marble, mic, microphone, model, monitor, moss, mountain, mountains, mountainside, moving, nature, observing, ocean, orbit, orbiting, pad, panel, panels, paper, picker, pilot, plaid, plane, planet, plant, plants, prairie, printer, printing, printout, processing, processor, pull, rapids, readout, reel, reels, retro, ribbon, rocket, rocks, rocky, rolling, root roots, rotate, rotating, rural, rushing, rustling, sailor, satellite, scaffolding, scale, science, screen, ship, sky, smoke, smoking, solar space, speaking, spinning, spokes, stock suit, surveying, sway, swaying, sweating, system, talking, tape, technology, telescope, tendrils, topographical, touching, tower, tractor, trees, turning, typewriter, typing, underground, uniform, vehicle, vintage, walking, water, waterfall, wheat, wheel, wiping, woman, woods,
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Wellbeing in New Zealand: a reliability and validity study of the New Zealand Sovereign Wellbeing Index
Reid, Amanda Kate
MetadataShow full metadata
Background Measurement tools that evaluate personal, social and occupational life domain wellbeing are increasingly being used to measure how people are feeling and flourishing. The New Zealand Sovereign Wellbeing Index (NZSWI) is a measure specifically developed to evaluate the wellbeing of New Zealanders, and to track how their wellbeing is changing over time. Best practice in psychometric measurement requires sound assessment in order to be useful for those interpreting and utilising the results of wellbeing measures, and the NZSWI's reliability and validity has yet to have been investigated. The aim of this research was to determine the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the NZSWI. Methods The aim of this research was to determine the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the New Zealand Sovereign Wellbeing Index. Seventy-one adults aged 18 years and over completed a survey battery, including the New Zealand Sovereign Wellbeing Index and additional validated wellbeing measures at two time points, one week apart. Test-retest reliability between the two time points was analysed by calculating an intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was assessed at time point 1 using a Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient. Construct validity, both convergent and discriminant, was evaluated against validated psychometric tools using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results With regard to test-retest reliability, 78 items (89%) displayed substantial reliability (Cronbach's coefficients between 0.61 and 1.0). Ten items (11%) had moderate reliability (coefficients between 0.41 and 0.60). For internal consistency, five of the twenty total topic headings (25%) had coefficient alphas above 0.70, eleven (55%) had coefficient alphas between 0.50 and 0.69, two (10%) had alphas between 0.40 and 0.49, and two (10%) had coefficient alphas under 0.25. With regard to convergent validity, all items measured within the 15 topic tables displayed strong validity with Spearman's coefficients above 0.50. For discriminant validity, one topic (11%) returned a small correlation, six topics (67%) returned medium correlations, and 3 two topics (22%) returned strong correlations, therefore demonstrating variable validity in this aspect. Conclusion On the whole these results suggest that the New Zealand Sovereign Wellbeing Index is a reliable and valid psychometric measurement tool for assessing wellbeing constructs in a New Zealand adult population.


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… two thirds of the world's population suffers from moderate to severe water shortage by 2025?
- 90 percent of fresh water consumed is used in agriculture.
- In arid regions agricultural and human consumption are in stiff competition. As a result, currently at least 500 million people suffer from fresh water shortages.
- There is an urgent need to reduce water used in protein production in affected areas.
- Supplementing animal feed with Evonik amino acids leads to a reduction in the required amount of vegetable protein sources, eg. soya and corn: fewer vegetable protein sources means a smaller water footprint of production.
- Feeding animals with healthy, Evonik amino-acid-balanced feed eliminates their need to metabolize and excrete superfluous protein: less excretion means a smaller water footprint of production.
We help lower water use in animal protein production.


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Nov. 8, 2004 CT with multiplanar reconstruction provides a clear multi-dimensional view of tibial triplane fractures of the ankle--a view that alters what is found in many medical textbooks and changes the way physicians understand these complex fractures, a new study shows.
The study included 51 young people, ranging in age from 10 to 17 years old. Triplane fractures, (fracture lines occur in three planes of the ankle) account for about 6%-10% of ankle fractures in young people, says Stephen D. Brown, MD, instructor in radiology at Harvard Medical School in Boston. They are generally sports-related injuries, he added.
All 51 cases showed bone separation along the front part of the growth plate of the tibia. There were 33 "classic" two-fragment fractures as seen in medical textbooks, but the "classic" three fragment fracture (which involves a separation at Kump's bump) "was not seen in this series," said Dr. Brown, lead author of the study. Three fragment fractures were seen, but they involved different fracture patterns than what has been previously described as most common, said Dr. Brown. In fact, the study found that fully half of the triplane fracture patterns described in the literature – some of which have been described as quite common - likely occur only very rarely or never at all. This is explained by the characteristic pattern of closure of the growth plate. In addition, "the medial malleolar variety of triplane fracture previously considered rare, was very common," he said. "In one-fourth of the patients in our cohort, fractures involved the medial malleolus, but spared the plafond," he said.
This new information clarifies the anatomy of these complex multidimensional fractures allows physicians to describe these fractures more uniformly, and will help facilitate the partnership between radiologists who diagnose these fractures and the orthopedic surgeons who treat them, Dr. Brown said. The study proposes using a common classification scheme – the Salter-Harris system – to help describe the appearance of these fractures in each different dimension as depicted by CT with multiplanar reconstruction.
"This is the largest published series on these types of fractures to date, and is the first one in which all fractures were imaged and analyzed using multiplanar CT," said Dr. Brown. The study is published in the November issue of the American Journal of Roentgenology.
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Health workers' incentives in post-conflict settings – a review of the literature and framework for research
Health worker attraction, retention and performance are arguably the most critical factors affecting the performance of a health system. In post-conflict settings, where health systems and health worker livelihoods have been disrupted, the challenges facing the establishment of the right incentive environment are particularly important, and the contextual dynamics around them especially important to understand and incorporate sensitively into policy measures.
This paper aims to identify research gaps in relation to health worker incentives in post-conflict contexts. It was conducted as a background review for a ReBUILD research project on this topic. It starts with a discussion of key definitions. It then draws on a literature review to highlight what is known about health worker incentives in post-conflict areas. Based on this, a framework for future research is developed and discussed.
You can download the full report here.
The review highlights a rich though limited stock of studies on health worker incentives in post-conflict areas. Building on the literature and the conceptual framework, ReBUILD has developed research in selected post-conflict countries to understand how their incentive environments evolved in the shift away from conflict, what influenced the trajectory, what the reform objectives and mechanisms have been, and what have been their effects (intended and unintended). These aim to generate lessons on design, implementation, and suitability to context of different policy measures within and across countries.
To complement existing studies, there is a need to focus on the longer term reconstruction post-conflict and also on incorporating the experiences of health workers themselves – how they experienced the conflict, how they coped, and what legacy there is for their expectations and willingness to work post-conflict. Personal factors are understandably absent from the studies commissioned in urgent conditions in the immediate post-conflict phase, but merit more in-depth studies.


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Solutions of type IIB supergravity which preserve half of the supersymmetries have a dual description in terms of free fermions, as elucidated by the ''bubbling AdS" construction of Lin, Lunin and Maldacena. In this paper we study the half-BPS geometry associated with a gas of free fermions in thermodynamic equilibrium obeying the Fermi-Dirac distribution. We consider both regimes of low and high temperature. In the former case, we present a detailed computation of the ADM mass of the supergravity solution and find agreement with the thermal energy of the fermions. The solution has a naked null singularity and, by general arguments, is expected to develop a finite area horizon once stringy corrections are included. By introducing a stretched horizon, we propose a way to match the entropy of the fermions with the entropy of the geometry in the low temperature regime. In the opposite limit of high temperature, the solution resembles a dilute gas of D3 branes. Also in this case the ADM mass of the geometry agrees with the thermal energy of the fermions.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics
- AdS-CFT correspondence
- Black holes in string theory
- Supergravity models


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Learn something new every day More Info... by email
The best hand-eye coordination exercises are those that engage the whole body and the eyes in completing a task. Playing sports, for example, requires one to use a whole combination of hand-eye coordination skills, and also improves balance and coordination over the whole body. Some designated hand-eye coordination exercises such as playing catch or juggling can be great ways to improve the skill as well.
Children learn hand-eye coordination skills naturally through play. As some people age, however, they may find that coordination drops, or that they are frequently dropping things or making simple mistakes. In this instance, performing hand-eye coordination exercises can help to regain lost skills, or improve existing skills. Teachers will frequently turn coordination exercises into a game for younger students.
Playing different forms of catch with a ball is one of the most recommended hand-eye coordination exercises. Playing a simple game of catch and throwing the ball back and forth is a great way to improve hand-eye coordination. Others suggest writing a series of letters on the ball, and then attempting to see which letter is closest right before the ball is caught. One may also play this game independently, by throwing the ball up in the air and trying to see the letters.
Juggling is another one of the best hand-eye coordination exercises. One may even just start with two tennis balls to practice, and then increase the amount as skill improves. Of course, playing sports such as tennis, soccer, baseball, or football are all great ways to build coordination as well, and these will improve coordination for the entire body. Many communities have fitness clubs or events for adults where they can join an informal sports team to meet new people, get some exercise, and improve coordination and balance skills.
All hand-eye coordination exercises need not be physical. Computer games or video games can help with both hand-eye coordination and reaction time, even games that are not specifically designed to do so. There are some computer games that are designed to improve coordination, however; these may be used for kids who are having trouble developing the skill, or people who are in occupational therapy. It is important to regularly practice hand-eye coordination exercises to keep skills sharp; some people make it a regular part of a daily routine, such as a regular exercise program for physical fitness.
I think that video games improve hand eye coordination really well. You really have to act quickly and your reaction time tends to improve over time. I also think that tennis or other racquet sports are also great for hand eye coordination exercises.


How we work
Continuous and long-term presence
We get compromised with the communities we work with, once that a single project during 2 or 3 years isn't enough to improve the people lives in a sustainable way. The continuity of relationships with these people strengthens trust between the two parts involved and helps the implementation of the projects. Poverty eradication takes a lot of time and work together.
Integrated projects
First of all, our projects are based on the implementation of specific activities to fulfill the basic needs of the communities.
After a considerable time of permanence with the beneficiaries, required for them to share their real problems, VIDA starts integrated projects that include complementary activities in their implementation, essential for people's full development. For example, in order to raise the productivity of a family farming field, VIDA promotes activities such as agriculture training and capacitation, the access to demonstration fields with adapted varieties or new types of crops, the access to seeds, the construction of water boreholes, by promoting the communication between the peasant and the rural extension services or even by raising awareness among people, throught sensibilization activities of the most common diseases which prevent people from working.
Communitary Participation
The projects that VIDA implement are carried out with the participation of all of the beneficiaries. First, we need a joint reflection about the current situation so that we can start to search for the causes and design new solutions.
Not listening to the beneficiaries, troughout the design and implementation of the project, would be ignoring their interests, ambitions and needs, which are the key to eradicate poverty.
Adapted and Sustainable Tecnologies
VIDA's projects adopt adapted tecnologies to the local reality that take into account the actual conditions. Also, it allows people to use them autonomously. This prevents the creation of unsustainable dependence systems.
Partnership work and with local agents
There are 2 types of partnership created in the countries we work:
– The first one, tries to implement projects in a more effective way, through local partners and teams, once they have a complete knowledge about the reality, making easier to implement the process and the resources management.
– The second one are partnerships with organizations or institutions specialized in specific areas, such as health or agriculture, which participate sporadically in some activities or give their contribution to the project in an integrated way.


Definición de petit mal en inglés:
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petit mal
Pronunciación: /ˈpɛti ˈmal/
[mass noun]
1A mild form of epilepsy characterized by brief spells of unconsciousness without loss of posture. Compare with grand mal.
Oraciones de ejemplo
 - This led in particular to a more detailed differentiation and classification of epilepsy, including terms still in use today, such as grand mal, petit mal, absence seizures, and status epilepticus.
 - Doctors dispelled the depression as an extensive form of epilepsy, petit mal.
 - The terms seizure and convulsion include grand mal, petit mal, absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, and focal motor seizures and signs.
1.1 [count noun] A petit mal epileptic fit: he wasn't out of his petit mal yet
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - I myself had pediatric petit mal epilepsy (It cleared as I went through puberty), and when I had my first long lasting seizure it was actually pretty undramatic.
 - We're not too sure whether James had a petit mal seizure, (he suffers from epilepsy), on the bus on the way home from his post school option program.
 - A is epileptic; he had daily petit mal seizures as a child which would case memory loss, so he is an unreliable witness.
Late 19th century: from French, literally 'little sickness'.
Palabras que riman con petit mal
For editors and proofreaders
Saltos de línea: petit mal
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Given $n$ points in the plane, there are a finite number of ways of connecting them in to a loop. Note that each loop has a finite total length. Suppose we begin with a loop $X$ which has a crossing. Let a crossing of $X$ be the line segments $[a,b]$ and $[c,d]$. We can replace the loop $X$ by two other graphs $X'$ and $X''$ given by removing the line segments above and replacing them with $[a,c]$ and $[b,d]$ for $X'$ and with $[a,d]$ and $[b,c]$ for $X''$. Precisely one of $X'$ and $X''$ will be a loop.
WLOG suppose it is $X'$ which is a loop. It should be clear (but you can prove this using the triangle inequality) that by 'uncrossing' two crossed segments as was done above, the total length of the loop has been decreased. There are now two possible cases for the state of $X'$. Either $X'$ now has no crossings, in which case we are done as we have shown that $X$, with crossings, did not have minimal length, or $X'$ still has crossings (possibly new ones added in by the uncrossing). In the second case, simply repeat the above to get a new loop with shorter total length. After each repetition, the total length is reduced, and there are only a finite number of total lengths that a loop can have. It follows that we will eventually reach a loop with 0 crossings which has total length less than the original loop with a crossing.


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Mermaid Reef Marine National Nature Reserve has been renamed Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve and forms part of the North-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network. Interim management arrangements apply until the management plan for the North-west Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network comes into effect.
The Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve is located about 150 nautical miles (290 km) north-west of Broome, Western Australia, near the edge of Australia's continental slope and is surrounded by waters that extend to a depth of over 500 metres. Mermaid Reef is the most north-easterly of three reef systems forming the Rowley Shoals. It is totally submerged at high tide and therefore falls under Australian Government jurisdiction. The other two reefs of the Rowley Shoals, Clerke Reef and Imperieuse Reef, are managed by the Western Australian Government as part of the Rowley Shoals Marine Park.
Mermaid Reef is listed on Australia's Commonwealth Heritage List.
|Name||Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve (renamed)|
|Date of Proclamation||21 March 1991, now renamed Mermaid Reef Commonwealth Marine Reserve|
|Depth range||15-500 m (approx.)|
|Types of zoning||IUCN Category Ia - Strict Nature Reserve|
Major conservation values
- Mermaid Reef has national and international significance due to its pristine character, coral formations, geomorphic features and diverse marine life.
- Key area for over 200 species of hard corals and 12 classes of soft corals with coral formations in pristine condition
- Important areas for sharks including the grey reef shark, the whitetip reef shark and the silvertip whaler
- Important foraging area for marine turtles
- Important area for toothed whales, dolphins, tuna and billfish
- Important resting and feeding sites for migratory seabirds
- The reserve, along with nearby Rowley Shoals Marine Park, provides the best geological example of shelf atolls in Australia
- Examples of the seafloor habitats and communities of the Northwest Transition.


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We recently covered how the new Illinois Enhanced Physical Education (PE) Standards are leading the nation in focusing on improved fitness in children as a way to increase academic achievement. While the standards don't take effect until next school year, school districts are developing their programs, policies, and curricula now. Here are six frequently asked questions about Enhanced PE and how you can be involved.
What is Enhanced PE?
The Center for Disease Control's Guide to Community Preventive Services explains that Enhanced PE involves making classes longer or having students be more active during existing classes to increase the amount of time students spend doing moderate to vigorous physical activity.
How is Enhanced PE different from regular PE?
Regular PE generally emphasized the skills and rules to play team games, focused on competition, and often had periods of time where some students were primarily standing and watching. Enhanced PE focuses on:
- Small groups with active participation for all
- Health-related fitness components of PE
- Students designing their own individual program based on their personal fitness goals
- Students monitoring their performance with pedometers, heart rate monitors, and other fitness technology
The Illinois Enhance PE Task Force final report provided a summary page that includes more changes with Enhanced PE.
If students are spending more time in PE class with Enhanced PE, won't that hurt learning in other classes?
Longer PE classes are only one way to implement Enhanced PE; it can also be implemented by changing the PE curriculum to increase student activity and minimize "downtime" or by including "Brain Breaks" that integrate physical activity throughout the school day. The research-based benefits of Enhanced PE suggest that there will be an increase student learning even if there is a decrease in instruction time.
What are the benefits of Enhanced PE?
There are numerous studies that show that increased physical activity results in students having improved attention, enhanced coping ability, less fidgeting, and improved working memory as well as other effects that enhance academic achievement. Students with higher activity levels also report more satisfaction with life and have higher attendance rates as well.
What can I or my PTA do to support Enhanced PE at my child's school?
- Ask your principal or school board if parents are being included in the implementation of Enhanced PE in the school or district. If not, ask to be included in the process.
- Share information with your parents about what Enhanced PE is and how it will be implemented in your district and at your school.
- Ask your child's teacher if "Brain Breaks" are happening in the classroom.
- Work with your school to create an Enhanced PE Activity Night. Provide hands-on opportunities to participate in some sample activities.
What resources are available on Enhanced PE?
- Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) Enhanced PE page
- Illinois Enhanced Physical Education Strategic Plan
- ISBE Enhanced PE Fact Sheet
- ISBE and Illinois Department of Public Health Enhanced PE Resource Guide
- Illinois Public Health Institute Get Fit & Flourish Enhanced Physical Activity Manual
- The Presidential Youth Fitness Program and its Parent Resource Guide


text:
It is now December and the warm days might get to 50 but are not very inviting for kayaking. Ice is forming in the swamps on the cold nights and then melting under the sun and temperatures in the 30s and 40s. The birds have mostly gone so there isn't much activity on the lake, fishing contests don't seem to be occurring…..
At the same time, there is always something to see around the shores. The colors are now limited to the greens of the evergreens, the grey of the rocks and the browns of the leaves and bushes. At the same time, when the sun shines it is an enjoyable sight.
In the swamps and in some of the wet places, Winterberry is showing its color. The red berries hide behind the leaves before the leaves fall but now they are the one bright color that is seen around the lake.
In the swamps, where the ice is freezing and melting, there are sometimes some pretty amazing patterns that form as the ice freezes. The patterns are probably related to the fact that there are some chemicals from the swamps that slightly affect the freezing point so the ice doesn't freeze uniformly. The picture below is sort of an abstract art piece.
Along the beach, there are also some interesting patterns that show up. One night, there was a bit of rain and then it went below freezing. Then there was a slight breeze and the patterns in the sand were very telling. In one picture, a few leaves must have sheltered the sand from the rain so they were dry and then the leaves blew away. Likewise, bird tracks left interesting patterns of dry and wet sand.
Oh, and of course there are the rocks that will get ice on them when the waves breaking against them and then the sun melts the ice from one side of the rock, leaving one side bare and the other side coated in ice.
Yes, there is always something to see at the lake. If you spend time on the lake shore or even out on the lake, make sure you dress for it. It is December.


Definitions for "Jib"
A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibs; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.
One that jibs, or balks; a jibber.
To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk.
Keywords: bonk, snowboard, rail, slide, tricks
Riding which closely resembles street skating. "Jibbers" commonly slide rails, bonk trees and perform flatland tricks.
The act of riding on something other than snow, i.e. rails, trees, garbage cans, logs.
Describes a type of riding that most closely resembles street skateboarding. "Jibbers" commonly slide rails, bonk trees, and perform flatground tricks.
The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended.
An extension section attached to the end of a crane boom.
Projecting from the main body of a crane, this arm can be swiveled around to reach and move loads.
Keywords: dude, tease, dialect, peculiar, english
Multi functional word (see DUDE); typically used to indicate a piece of or the use of terrain park equipment but may also be used as a replacement for the English words give, pass and tease.
A dialect of the English language peculiar to certain peoples of African heritage.
Keywords: jejunoileal, bypass
Jejunoileal Bypass
A stationary condition; a standstill.
Keywords: gib, version, smaller
apparently a smaller version of gib
Keywords: dolly, camera, backwards, arm, dynamic
a camera arm used to achieve dynamic camera motion.
The arm on the dolly that allows the camera to move out to the side, as well as forwards and backwards.
Keywords: dod, personnel, joint, affairs, bureau
JOINT INFORMATION BUREAU. A news media center set up and operated by public affairs personnel of more than one DOD component. JIB personnel may include personnel from other federal agencies.
Joint Interest Billing
Keywords: refuse, comply
refuse to comply


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Composition Vector Method Based on Maximum Entropy Principle for Sequence Comparison
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4 Author(s)
Chan, R.H. ; Dept. of Math., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Chan, T.H. ; Hau Man Yeung ; Wang, R.W.
The composition vector (CV) method is an alignment-free method for sequence comparison. Because of its simplicity when compared with multiple sequence alignment methods, the method has been widely discussed lately; and some formulas based on probabilistic models, like Hao's and Yu's formulas, have been proposed. In this paper, we improve these formulas by using the entropy principle which can quantify the nonrandomness occurrence of patterns in the sequences. More precisely, existing formulas are used to generate a set of possible formulas from which we choose the one that maximizes the entropy. We give the closed-form solution to the resulting optimization problem. Hence, from any given CV formula, we can find the corresponding one that maximizes the entropy. In particular, we show that Hao's formula is itself maximizing the entropy and we derive a new entropy-maximizing formula from Yu's formula. We illustrate the accuracy of our new formula by using both simulated and experimental data sets. For the simulated data sets, our new formula gives the best consensus and significant values for three different kinds of evolution models. For the data set of tetrapod 18S rRNA sequences, our new formula groups the clades of bird and reptile together correctly, where Hao's and Yu's formulas failed. Using real data sets with different sizes, we show that our formula is more accurate than Hao's and Yu's formulas even for small data sets.
Published in:
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, IEEE/ACM Transactions on (Volume:9, Issue: 1 )


text:
What's in the Air? The Chemistry and Impact of Volcanic Smog (VOG)
The following "Reef Talk" program will be held at the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park Visitor Center on Thursday, January 24th from 6:30 pm—8:00 pm:
Presented by: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Students
In this presentation, a team of undergraduates from MIT's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering will discuss their recent measurements of the chemical composition of volcanic smog ("vog"). These students will be visiting the Big Island as part of an annual MIT class, "Traveling Research Environmental Experiences" (TREX), aimed at providing undergraduates with hands-on experience carrying out environmental fieldwork. The past two TREX trips (in January 2012 and January 2013) have focused on measuring two of the most noxious components of vog, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM), using both ground-based instruments and sensors onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Here the students will present their results from these studies, as well an overview of the chemical composition and impact of vog.
For more information about this project click here


text: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been used to spur healing in regenerative medicine research in past years. Here researchers are investigating its use in bone regrowth: scientists are "concentrating on the creation of new bone tissue with the aid of a biomolecule called BMP-2, which is a protein that makes bones grow. The problem with BMP-2 is that it breaks down in the body in just a few minutes.... What's new, and what I show in my dissertation, is that by having a gel-like substance carry the protein, a so-called hydrogel, you can control both how and where the new bone is to grow... This hydrogel can be injected and is moreover made from a type of sugar (hyaluronic acid). It occurs naturally in the body in humans and animals and is otherwise used in cosmetic products for treating wrinkles. This offers major advantages.... On the one hand, you avoid open surgery and the risk of complications and infections that entails, and, on the other hand, there is no risk that the body will reject it.... Applications in healthcare include both healing complicated bone fractures and growing bone tissue where there is too little or none at all. This involves defects following bone fractures and cancer or when the jawbone is too weak to support a tooth implant. Clinical testing is already underway.... The tests show that it's working well, but the problem we need to solve is how to determine the optimal dosage of the protein. Otherwise inflammations can occur in surrounding tissue."


When Fredrick Masury moved to Brookfield Township in 1903 to build a factory to make explosives for the coal mining industry, coal mining was already on its way out in the township.
"He was a little late for that here," said Lois Werner, archivist for the Brookfield Historical Society. "Coal mining died in the 1890s."
Maybe that explains why Masury only stayed in Brookfield until 1914. In any event, the Masury name stuck.
A Columbia University graduate and former Dupont employee, Masury built the Masurite Explosive Co. in the southeastern part of the township. He and his wife, Olive, lived in Petroleum, just down the road in Hubbard Township, Werner said.
Once Masurite Explosive was established, other industries followed, including Standard Tank and General American.
"That's when Masury exploded, you might say," Werner said. "The Brookfield part remained pretty rural."
Masury became a player in local politics and community development, and was a deputy sheriff, but began dismantling his operation in 1911. He eventually moved in California, where he was an explosives consultant for the Army.
Largely upon the efforts of Olive Masury, the burgeoning industrial section of Brookfield and the "mill village" that sprouted up around it became known as Masury, Werner said.
"She was very much involved in recognizing her husband," Werner said of Olive Masury.


text: Imagine the delicious aromas that must have wafted from the kitchen when Johanna Raudaschl cooked for the Trapp family. The finest soups, roasts and sweet buns were daily fare in the Salzburg villa. Johanna Raudaschl lived there almost as part of the family, as she recalls vividly in her memoirs. She began collecting her recipes - for both food and life - where she grew up, an illegitimate child, in the modest rural surroundings of the Salzkammergut [Austria's lake district]. Her grandmother taught her the secrets of cooking and baking. During her apprentice years she refined her culinary skills, and the Trapp family then benefited from her resourcefulness in the kitchen. She handed down her treasured recipes to her grand-daughter Irmgard Wohrl, who tried them out and now, together with journalist and biographer Caroline Kleibel, reveals them in the context of the moving story of Johanna Raudaschl's life. The grandmother of the author Irmgard Wohrl became close with the singing family known from the worldwide renowned Musical Sound of Music. This book reveals stories about the Trapp-Family that were never told before.


text:
COSC 2415 - Data Structures and
ITSE 2445 Data Structures
Bob Comer, Professor of Computer Studies
Program 4 - Translating Infix to Postfix Notation
Be sure to read through Chapter 7 of the textbook before starting this assignment.
Do Programming Project 9 at the end of Chapter 7 of the Main and Savitch textbook (page 387).
I just want you to implement the basic algorithm described in "Translating Infix to Postfix Notation" from page 375 of your textbook and Figure 7.11. The input expression should be fully parenthesized (that is, you do not have to worry about operator precedence). You must include all error-checking described in Figure 7.11, including checking for missing parentheses. If an error is detected, print an appropriate error message and ask the user to re-enter the expression.
You can assume that numbers are non-negative and begin with a digit or decimal point.
You can assume that variable names are delimited by whitespace and begin with a character.
You do not need to do the last part of the assignment in the book, where it says "For a more difficult assignment, enhance your program so that the expression need not be well formed...".
You should use the stack template from the author's web site or from the C++ STL.
Return to Data Structures homepage
Return to ACC Homepage


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Related Articles: Treating Common Illnesses of the Red Ear Slider (& other Emydid Turtles) by Darrel Barton, Red Eared Slider Care by Darrel Barton, Turtle eye diseases; Recognising and treating eye diseases in pet turtles by Neale Monks, Freshwater Livestock
So your turtle has the Flu?
Recognizing and treating respiratory infections in pet turtles
© Neale Monks 2007, Wet Web Media
Respiratory tract infections (often abbreviated to RI or RTI by hobbyists and vets) are quite commonly observed in pet turtles exposed to cold air. The symptoms are distinctive, so that identifying a respiratory tract infection is generally not difficult. Treatment is only possible using systemic antibiotics administered by a veterinarian surgeon. Prevention is not difficult and depends largely on providing pet turtles with adequately warm living conditions.
Several different symptoms are typically associated with respiratory tract infections.
Laboured breathing, with audible wheezing in advanced cases.
Mouth kept open and the head held upwards.
Runny nose: excessive mucous production from the nose (rhinitis).
Mucous leaks from the mouth, sometimes forming bubbles when the turtle is on dry land.
Sneezing and coughing.
In addition, turtles suffering from a respiratory tract infection will also show the following symptoms:
Lack of appetite, eventually followed by weight loss.
Unusual activity patterns; often lethargy, but also listlessness.
Aquatic turtles lose balance while swimming.
Any turtle showing signs of respiratory distress such as wheezing or rhinitis should be taken to a vet for examination. The diagnosis is usually confirmed using a choanal swab to sample the mucous that collects at the back of the mouth. This will also allow the vet to determine the best treatment, which will depend on the causative pathogen.
Similar diseases
The flu-like symptoms of respiratory tract infections in turtles are very distinctive and not easily confused with any other common reptile disease. However, poisoning may sometimes cause similar symptoms.
Bacteria in the lungs, trachea and nose are most commonly found in respiratory tract infections, in particular Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. Other bacteria can also be present as can, in rare case, fungi. The sample taken by the choanal swab will be used to determine the pathogen (or mix of pathogens) involved and from that the vet will choose the most appropriate medication.
The fluid that collects in the lungs as a result of the infection causes respiratory distress. Infected turtles find it difficult to breathe. The fluid in the lungs also makes it difficult for aquatic turtles to swim properly because their buoyancy is altered.
Left untreated, respiratory tract infections can lead to septicaemia. Initially mild respiratory tract infections can also develop into potentially very serious pneumonia. Always remember that untreated respiratory tract infections are usually fatal, particularly where small turtles are concerned.
Causative factors
Respiratory tract infections are most frequently caused by cold air or chilling. Respiratory tract infections are particularly common when turtles are kept in unheated or draughty vivaria.
Other prime causes of respiratory tract infections include insufficient Vitamin A in the diet (hypovitaminosis A), chronic malnutrition, and unhygienic living conditions. Respiratory tract infections can also develop concurrently with other infections.
Treatment consists of improving living conditions while administering a systemic antibiotic. There are no off-the-shelf treatments for respiratory tract infections. The antibiotics most often use are aminoglycoside antibiotics such as amikacin, but this will vary depending on the precise diagnosis. Antibiotics may be administered parenterally (i.e., by injection, typically intramuscularly) and/or with a nebuliser (i.e., as a vapour through the nose).
While the turtle is being treated it is normal to elevate the temperature of the living enclosure to the high end of the preferred range for the species in question. This serves two purposes. Firstly, it stimulates the immune system, helping the turtle fight off the infection. Secondly, it keeps the mucous within the respiratory system more mobile, reducing the congestion and making it easier for the turtle to get rid of excess mucous by sneezing or coughing.
It is very important to ensure that the turtle's nose and mouth are kept clean. Mucous and saliva should be wiped away using a damp tissue or swab.
Living conditions must be optimised as well. Ensure that the turtle has access to a basking site with a UV-B lamp, a balanced diet with lots of vitamin-rich green foods, and clean water. Vitamin supplements are highly recommended. Some vets will administer vitamin supplements as part of the treatment.
Some turtles may go off their food when sick, in which case force-feeding will be required if the turtle has already lose a substantial amount of body weight. Force-feeding animals is never easy and done clumsily can cause more harm than good. Discuss a suitable method and what foods to use with your vet. Do not improvise!
Since hobbyists can do nothing to treat respiratory tract infections without veterinary help, prevention is critically important. By far the most common cause of respiratory tract infections in pet turtles is cold, either though not being in a warmed enclosure at all, or else by being exposed to cold draughts that blow through the otherwise adequately heated vivarium.
All turtle vivaria should have a secure hood that keeps out draughts but still lets in sufficient air for proper ventilation of the living space underneath. Open-topped vivaria are not an option where air temperature is below the optimum living conditions of the turtle being kept.
LCD thermometers are a cheap and convenient way to ensure your turtles are adequately warm. Place one against the watery side of the vivarium below the waterline, and another nearer the top of the tank above the waterline. These will measure the water and air temperatures respectively. Obviously terrestrial turtles (tortoises) will only need a single thermometer that measures air temperature.
Though the optimal temperature range will vary with the species being kept, the popular red-ear slider Trachemys scripta elegans needs a water temperature of about 25-28Ë°C/77-82Ë°F and an air temperature of not less than 20Ë°C/68Ë°F. Terrestrial turtles typically need air temperatures between 20-25Ë°C/68-77Ë°F.
Vitamin A is critically important to the health of captive turtles. A well balanced diet should provide adequate levels of Vitamin A, but there are also many different types of commercially available supplement that can be used as necessary.
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