Become a Public Procurement Professional
Working in Public Procurement
What is Public Procurement?
 - Public procurement refers to the purchase of any goods or services required to sustain communities.
 - Public procurement professionals are public servants who work everyday to make life better for people in their communities–whether it's a small township, a county, a major metro area, or an entire state or province.
Think about this: How do roads become roads? How are public parks, schools, libraries, and water treatment facilities established and maintained? How is water and electricity provided to commercial buildings and private residences? How does a community provide for emergency response to a natural or man-made catastrophe?
The answer to all these questions is the same: through public procurement.
Public procurement operates at every level of society and within every government entity, from the local level to the federal level.
Where Can I Direct Additional Questions?
We're excited about your interest in pursuing a career in public procurement and would be happy to answer any additional questions you may have. Simply email or give us a call at _PHONE_.
Why Choose a Career in Public Procurement?
Having the ability to serve your community and influence its direction are two primary reasons people choose a career in public procurement. In addition, procurement professionals experience a wide variety of opportunities and are faced with unique challenges that require them to build and develop an array of skills, from technical skills to business and strategic thinking skills, to leadership and influencing skills. It's a career like no other.
Public procurement is rarely boring because there are so many different projects that you can handle throughout your career. Over the course of a procurement career, you may have the opportunity to purchase everything from IT infrastructure and mass transit systems to syringes for injecting giraffes and elephants with vital medicine. You'll be exposed to business operations and market segments across the economic spectrum that you may have otherwise never heard of, much less engaged with directly.
To excel in public procurement, you need to develop a broad base of skills and knowledge, and then work diligently to strengthen your abilities. In your role as a government procurement agent you will wear many hats. You will have the opportunity to be a strategic business person, establishing contractual relationships that leverage your buying power; a shrewd negotiator who understands how to achieve win-win solutions for both the agency and the supplier; a money manager who ensures that public funds are used in the best way possible; a visionary who creates meaningful change for the good of the community now and in the years to come; and a champion of the public you serve, ensuring that tax dollars are spent responsibly and in the best interest of the community.
Public Service
The majority of people who go into public procurement do so because they want to serve the best interests of the public. Public procurement professionals are custodians of public trust. They champion and protect the taxpayer at all times. In order to be a successful public procurement professional you must be dedicated to ethical practices and believe that government can make a positive difference in the communities they govern through best practices.
Public procurement professionals are uniquely positioned to influence the way that government works to meet the goals of the community through the political process. While politicians may approve the building of roads, procurement professionals have influence on how the road is built. For example, they may identify that the road should be constructed using recycled materials and opt to install eco-friendly lighting or solar powered traffic signals in order to best meet the needs of the communities they serve.
There are over 130,000 individual federal, state, and local governments agencies.
There are job opportunities available at every level of public procurement.
Special Districts
What is the Benefit of Being Certified in Procurement?
Obtaining procurement certification is vital for all agencies across the country. Becoming a well-trained certified procurement professional ensures that you are able to maximize value for the entity you serve, which can give you an edge when you are applying for an open position or being considered for a promotion.
Are There a Lot of Jobs in the Public Procurement Sector?
The short answer is yes. In December 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) workforce projections report projected that the 2012–2022 period would experience 3.9 million more people leaving the work force than during the previous 10 year period. That increase is largely due to aging and retirement, which will open up opportunities for individuals who want to start a career in procurement.
What Skills and Knowledge Do I Need to Begin a Successful Career in Public Procurement?
In order to be successful as a public procurement professional, you should have the following skills and knowledge:
 - Strong problem solving skills
 - A commitment to ethical practice and personal integrity
 - An eagerness to serve, be challenged, and grow professionally
 - An ability to work collaboratively to find new solutions to community challenges
 - An undergraduate degree in business, public administration, or related course of study


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You can't be at a loss for words in "Family Alias" and everyone takes a turn explaining their selected words using synonyms, opposites or clues so their partner can guess as many words as possible until the timer runs out. Two stacks of cards–Family Cards and Adult Cards-allow children to explain or guess easier words making this a level playing field. Kids love the "Wild Cards" which are only options for adults, thus making their turn a bit zany such as use "a very squeaky voice," "pronounce all T's as D's" or "sound like a robot" when explaining. We had fun giving clues for "shoelace," "lawn" and "grade" as explainers had to get more specific in their clues from "shoe" to "tie" to "string," using deductive reasoning to and association to tell about their word. Lots of descriptive language skills are exercised by both the explainer and the guesser as they combine the clues to arrive at the correct word.
Available at Amazon: Click here

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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If you're willing to trust musical theater as legitimate evidence, the lives of orphans often turn out pretty well. Oliver Twist might have learned to steal, but he bonds with poor-yet-loving Nancy and walks into the sunset with his biological grandfather. Little Orphan Annie might have developed an ear-splitting belt, but she lives happily into adulthood with (Sugar) Daddy Warbucks and his secretary.
But only the most foolish of fools trusts musical theater. In reality, children who grow up without loving parents are often unable to form relationships with a new caregiver. A team of researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has the hormonal evidence to prove it.
According to a study published on November 21st in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, children who begin life deprived of close personal care tend to have lower levels of oxytocin and vasopressin, hormones that regulate social functioning.
"These results suggest that a failure to receive species-typical caregiving disrupts the development of [oxytocin and vasopressin] systems in children," said Alison Wismer Fries, the study's lead author, via email. "They give us a clue as to one possible reason that these adopted children are at increased risk for social and attachment difficulties."
Wismer Fries said that while there have been many studies on rodents and one on monkeys showing similar effects, this is the first study in humans to link childhood neglect to low hormone levels.
"There has been a great deal of research in non-human primates and rodents showing that [oxytocin and vasopressin] are involved in the emergence of social bonding, parental care, stress reduction, social communication and emotional reactivity," Wismer Fries said. "These hormones rise in response to pleasant touch and smell. As these hormones rise, animals increase their positive social interactions and display selective infant-parent attachment."
The team examined 18 children who spent the first months of their lives in Russian and Romanian orphanages before being adopted by parents in Wisconsin. On average, they had lived with their adoptive families for three years. The comparison group consisted of 21 children from Madison who live with their birth parents. The two groups were matched in age and socioeconomic status. All subjects were free of birth defects and developmental disabilities.
To measure oxytocin and vasopressin levels, the researchers used a novel method of urine analysis developed by coauthor Toni Ziegler, senior scientist at the National Primate Research Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. They soon noticed that baseline vasopressin levels were significantly higher in the comparison group than in the neglect group.
The researchers had each child play an interactive computer game on separate occasions: once with the child's mother and once with an unfamiliar female adult. The game, which the child played on the adult's lap, encouraged friendly touching between the players. After the children played with their mothers, the kids in the non-neglected group showed much higher levels of oxytocin than the neglected kids.
Wismer Fries emphasized that while the adopted kids had a lower average level of these peptides, researchers observed significant individual variation. She also noted that children may be able to overcome these deficiencies.
"It is not the case that neuropeptides are destiny," she said. "We do not have any evidence that a change in rearing environment cannot, over time, change or that children cannot find other ways to form close relationships."
Apparently, the scientists are not ready to label all adopted children sociopaths or to halt the adoption process for parents who want to raise healthy children.
"We definitely don't want anyone to reach the conclusion that they should not adopt a child from overseas," Wismer Fries said. "If there is one thing we have learned, it is that the best thing we can do for kids is get them out of institutions and into families."
Originally published November 21, 2005

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Summary: Believe it or not, the story of the toilet rat is not such an uncommon occurence. Finding their way from the street sewer line into your household plumbing is a fairly simple task for a rat.
It's like the old Psycho shower scene. Nobody wants to think about Norman Bates sneaking into their bathroom while showering, but after you're seen that movie you can't help but think about it.
The same lingering fear holds true for stories about rats coming into toilet bowls while we're sitting there minding our business. However, before you give up the convenience of indoor plumbing and start digging latrine holes in your backyard, please read on.
***image1***How do rats actually get into the toilet? Well, let's assume it did, in fact, come from the inside of the toilet and that it didn't arrive there from other entry points and jump into the toilet looking for a drink. (Rats require water everyday.) One entry point to consider are the vent pipes on the roof. Rats are terrific climbers and jumpers. Placing a vent cap or mesh wire over the vent pipe is not unreasonable especially if you have a lot of over-hanging trees on your property. Rats can easily navigate the trees and jump to your rooftop.
First floor toilets are probably more susceptible to rat invasions than upper level toilets especially if the toilet soil pipe runs horizontally or at a very shallow angle to the sewer. Rats are good underwater swimmers. (They can swim one-half mile in open water and can tread water for up to three days.) It's totally possible for a rat to walk up a horizontal soil pipe from the sewer, swim through the water-filled piping inside the toilet, and surface in the toilet bowl. However, if the soil pipe runs vertically for five or more feet the rat will have difficulty climbing the inside of the slick, wet pipe.
***image3***Most toilets have traps that hold enough water in the connecting pipe to discourage the rats from coming in. However, in unused guest bathrooms and abandoned houses trap water can evaporate.
If a rat actually does happen to get into your toilet, the first thing you should do is shut the lid. They can jump out. With the lid closed, squirt liquid dishwashing soap into the bowl between the opening of the seat and the rim of the toilet. The dishwashing soap makes the bowl and the pipe below it slippery, making it hard for the rat to get any traction. Then flush the toilet. Usually the rat goes down and doesn't come back. Then, call the City and demand that they bait the sewers. Probably wouldn't hurt to call a pest control professional, too.


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There are a lot of misconceptions about the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. It is often used as an excuse as to why we shouldn't post videos of student learning or start a class twitter account. It is good to understand your jurisdiction's FOIP Consent form in order to know what parents are permitting you to do with their child's information. This is all the more relevant in today's digitally connected society where the internet is a ubiquitous public space that we frequently utilize for teaching and learning.
Before we look at the FOIP form, it is important to note that the form is only the one step in the process. You must inform parents on how you are using their child's information on the internet. You don't need a new form every time, but if you decide halfway through the year to do a project that will go on YouTube, you need to let the parents know. Nobody likes surprises, and informing them gives them the option to back out, which is their prerogative.
Here are the elements of the FOIP form from Edmonton Public School that deal with posting information online:
"[School] is requesting your permission to use your child's personal information (i.e., image, grade and/or name, etc.) in public venues or on the internet where the general public may have access to the information in order to communicate with parents, the community and the general public."
Notice that this statement says that images and/or names can be used on the internet to communicate to the general public. Further to this point, it also states on the form:
"Examples might include, but not limited to:
-posting pictures, videos, podcasts or presentations online
-accessing and posting information to public websites or social media applications (e.g., Facebook, Flickr, YouTube, Twitter and other emerging technologies)"
Just because you can, doesn't mean you should. It is imperative that you know the purpose for posting online. You could have students make videos of themselves reading stories and post it on YouTube. But why use YouTube? If the video's intended audience is just you and the parent, it may be better to upload it to a Drive folder. If your class has a message for the community, then YouTube may be the best medium.
And this has to be stated again. You need to let parents know if you are using web apps or posting anything will use the student's information. This can be done through a newsletter, class blog, Schoolzone (in EPSB) or any other medium that you use to communicate with parents.
Here is a great video to recap (and the acting is fantastic):
The FOIP Consent form ensures that we are abiding by Alberta's FOIP Act. The Act isn't preventative legislation. It instructs us on what we need to do when we need to use personal information in order to do our duties as teachers in today's connected, online world. The Act and our FOIP Consent form ensure that we, as a public institution, are being responsible with the information parents are giving us.
If you really want some good reading, check out the full Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act.


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Available from Canada;
match price or beat it by 10% *
Each gets $35, no limit
Find out if you're eligible!
Banzel, also known as rufinamide, is a medication used to prevent control seizures that occur due to epilepsy or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Rufinamide is an anticonvulsant that works by acting on the sodium channels of the brain. This drug reacts with these channels to prevent excessive electrical charges that cause seizures.
Make sure to always read the patient information and instructions before using this medication. Always follow your doctor's directions.
Tell your doctor and pharmacist:
You should also know:
Common side effects of Banzel include but are not limited to:
Get medical help if you have any of the following side effects of rufinamide.
What happens if I miss a dose of my medication?
It is important to take Banzel as soon as you remember, but skip the dose if it is close to the time of your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time. Always get your prescription refilled before you run out completely.


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In order to specifically target stubborn, unwanted areas of fat that are resistant to even the most aggressive diets and exercise programs, we utilize an FDA-registered, Class 1 Photobiomodulation device. This device emits 635 nm wavelengths of light which quickly and painlessly pass through the skin and stimulate the adipocytes (fat cells) to release their contents. This ultimately results in reduction of the size of your abdominal region, "love handles" or any other area to which the therapy is applied.
To explain further, overweight individuals do NOT have an increased number of fat cells in their bodies compared to normal weight individuals. In fact, the number of fat cells in our bodies is genetically pre-determined and remains constant throughout or lifetime. It is the SIZE of the fat cells that differs between normal weight and overweight people. When you are overweight, your fat cells are the size of grapes. However, the fat cells of normal weight individuals are the size of raisins. Photobiomodulation therapy causes the fat cells to empty their contents, thereby reducing their size. This results in size reduction of the area targeted by the therapy because each of the fat cells in that area now contains less fat inside of it.


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You just about have your answer right in the question. The short answer is that moving eastward seems to relate to exile, while moving westward is a return to the garden and the presence of God.
The long answer:
The garden is planted in the east of Eden
The garden is the primeval meeting place between God and man. It is the first sanctuary, where man is placed to work (serve) and keep (guard) (Gen 2:15). These are the same tasks of the priests and Levites with regard to the tabernacle (cf. Num 18:1-7).
Cherubim are stationed on the east side of the Garden of Eden
When Adam and Eve are exiled from the presence of God and from access to the tree of life, they are sent out eastward. To re-enter the garden, they would have to travel west and pass the cherubim and flaming sword. Also, after Cain murders his brother, he is driven even further east, further from the garden. By implication, the cherubim are also guarding the way into Eden itself, which is higher up and further west than the garden. I'll come back to this.
Parts of the burnt offering are to be thrown to the east side of the altar
This is part of the fowl Ascension ritual. It is the 'crop', which is somehow associated with the tail feathers. So, the rear of the bird is thrown to the east, while the head and body move westward, into the fiery presence of God.
The tabernacle's entrance faces east
This implies that the tabernacle is a new, more glorified garden sanctuary. Armed priests and Levites guard the tabernacle (Num 18:4) just like the cherubim who guarded the entrance of the garden. They also wield the flaming sword. In order for a worshiper to draw near to God, he would have to pass through the knife and the fire. He can't do this without dying, so he leans his hand on the head of an animal to commission it to go as his representative (cf. Num 8:10-18, 27:18-23). The animal passes through the knife and fire, moving westward and upward into the presence of God (it is "burned up" Lev 1:13 - lit. transformed into smoke, thus joining the glory cloud over the tabernacle)
In Ezekiel's vision God's glory comes from the east and enters the temple from the east.
Earlier (ch 10), we see the glory of God depart from the temple, traveling eastward to join the exiles in Babylon. Here, in chapter 43, Ezekiel sees a restored, more glorious temple, and the glory of God moves back in.
The same temple faces east with a river flowing east from it
This goes all the way back to the garden. A river flowed out of Eden - that is, from higher up and further west - through the garden and then out to the outlying lands. This seems to imply that moving west into the land of Eden would be desirable and would be moving closer to the throne of God (at least symbolically). Solomon's temple was also a garden sanctuary, with carvings of trees and fruit on the walls (cf. 1 Kings 6). It had a great bronze sea and bronze water chariots, which lined the north and south sides of the courtyard (1 Kings 7:23-39). The chariots with wheels imply a flow of water and correspond to the river that flowed through the garden. This is expanded further in Ezekiel's vision in chapter 47 to an increasingly deep and wide river coming from the temple and flowing to the outlying lands. This is picked up again in Revelation 22, where an angel shows John a vision of the New Jerusalem, the Church, the City-Bride of Christ, and "the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb through the middle of the street of the city; also, on either side of the river, the tree of life with its twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit each month. The leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations."


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Finding earthworms is easy! Even a simple back garden can yield a diverse range of species. Different species of earthworms inhabit different microhabitats so there are a number of sampling techniques available for collecting earthworms. The National Earthworm Recording Scheme (NERS) standard protocol outlined below is great for collecting high quality data that can be compared and analysed across sites. However, non-standardised recording methods still provide valuable species data and we welcome any and all records of earthworm species. It's worth remembering that even common species of earthworm have never been recorded in some counties so even a casual record of a common species may be a very important record! Earthworm recording can be simply turning over logs or looking under pots in your back garden.
Sampling Standard Protocol
Our sampling standard protocol has been designed in a standardised manner so that the data collected is comparable across sites. It consists of soil pit sampling and microhabitat searches as outlined below. A downloadable version of this guidance is included in the ESB Earthworm Recorder Pack.
Soil Pit Sampling
Step 1 - Planning
A map of your sample site is useful to mark where you will take your samples, or for identifying different habitats in which to take samples. Look for areas that have no current records. New records on sites that have been previously sampled are still useful as you may get different results. Remember that if you do not own the land where you are sampling you will need permission from the landowner first.
Step 2 - Equipment
You will need the following:
- A spade (to dig the pits)
- 5 plastic tubes of 80% ethanol (to store and preserve earthworms)
- A sorting tray (to place the soil on in order to sort through and look for earthworms, alternatives include pots or bin bags)
- Labels and alcohol resistant pen/pencil (to label your samples and ensure they don't get mixed up)
- Notebook and map (to make note of the location, habitat and other important factors)
- Pointed non-serrated forceps (optional but useful)
- Gloves (to keep your hands clean)
Identification is made easier if you undertake the optional sixth step of relaxing
your earthworms as they will be better preserved:
- A plastic take away container with lid (to relax and align your earthworms)
- A bottle of 30% ethanol (to relax your earthworms)
Step 3 - Digging
A spade can now be used to dig a soil pit. The standard pit size for the National Earthworm Recording Scheme is 25cm by 25cm, to a depth of 10cm.
Step 4 - Sorting
The soil from the pit should be placed on the sorting tray/bin bag/pot and sort through it with your hands.
Step 5 - Earthworms
Any earthworms that are found in the soil should be removed and collected into a container.
Step 6 - Relaxing (optional)
In order to stop the earthworms being preserved in awkward positions, the earthworms can be relaxed and straightened. This will make identification of the specimens much easier.
- Place the earthworms in a container of 30% ethanol.
- Leave for about 5 minutes to relax the earthworms.
- Straighten out the earthworms in the grooves of the lid.
- Pour 80% ethanol onto the earthworms.
- Leave for 5-10 minutes before placing the earthworms in the plastic tube containing a label and 80% ethanol.
Any earthworms that are found in the soil should be removed and collected into a container.
Step 7 - Preservation and Labeling
All the earthworms that have been collected from the pit should be placed in a tube of 80% ethanol. The size/number of tubes used will depend on how many earthworms were collected. Sometimes a pit can yield over 100 earthworms! The 80% ethanol will act as a killing agent and preserve the earthworms. However, earthworms contain a lot of fluid and will release this fluid when they are placed in the ethanol. This will dilute the ethanol and cause the earthworms to deteriorate, so the alcohol should be changed following sampling to prevent this. A label should also be placed in the tube to identify the pit and site that the sample belongs to.
Step 8 - Replication
The standard number of pits is 5 per site for the National Earthworm Recording Scheme. This is important to get a standardised sample of the site. Pits need only be a couple of metres apart (see guidance for planning your soil pits below).
Step 9 - Recording
(See our guidance for Creating and Submitting Earthworm Records for further details.)
- Site details should be recorded on site where possible:
- Who (the recorder and any helpers)
- Where (using GPS to gain latitude/longitude or a grid reference obtained from an OS map/online tool, as well as the site name and county)
- When (record the date)
- Sampling method (either enter ESB soil pit sampling standard protocol or give the pit size and number of pits if different)
- Habitat (the general habitat is useful, but also other details such plant species present and any other habitat comments that may be relevant)
- Substrate (for soil pits this will always be soil/sand)
Step 10 - Identification
All you need to do now is identify your earthworms under the microscope. The Key to the Earthworms of the UK & Ireland by Sherlock (second edition) is available from the FSC website. For beginners at earthworm ID we run earthworm ID courses which are advertised on our website and facebook page. Earthworm ID is straightforward in most cases, but when you are starting of it's a good idea to get an experienced eartworm surveyor to check your ID's so you know you are correct and to improve your skills. If you have identified some earthworms and want to check them please email us to let us know before you send them.
Planning your soil pits
When planning your 5 soil pits it is important that all of your five soil pits fall within the habitat you are sampling. Please note that the distances provided in the following examples do not need to be exact and are given to provide approximate guidance so that it is clear that soil pits should not be spaced a great distance apart.
Large patches of habitat
If you are sampling a habitat that covers a big enough area, soil pits can be arranged in a square formation, with one pit in each corner (for example between 5 and 10 metres apart) and one in the centre. Examples of this type of habitat may include open fields, gardens, woodland and parks.
Some habitats are linear and, in these cases a linear transect should be used with pits spaced evenly apart (for example between 2 and 5 metres). Linear transects may not necessarily be in a straight line and may be curved. Examples of this type of habitat may include hedgerows, riverbanks, pond edges and tree lines.
In some cases neither of these arrangements will be suitable and the arrangement will need to be adapted to suit the habitat you are sampling. If the habitat is patchy, soil pits should be planned in patches of the same habitat.
Soil pit sampling allows a standardised quantitative method of sampling a site for earthworms. However, earthworm inhabit substrates other than soil so it is good practice to search any microhabitats present at each site to improve the likelihood of recording species that are less likely to be encountered in soil pits. It is advisable to only take adult earthworms (not juveniles) as this method of surveying is not quantitative.
There is no exhaustive list of habitats and microhabitats that may be present, but some examples are provided below:
Deadwood - search under deadwood (both the surface of the deadwood and the substrate it is resting on) by turning it over. Also check for earthworms under the bark and within the deadwood. When sampling deadwood destructively please ensure a minimal amount of deadwood is destroyed to maintain the microhabitat in within the ecosystem.
Dung - dung contains rich organic matter and earthworms may be found within/beneath the dung or in the top layer of soil beneath the dung.
Turnover - turning over items can often yield earthworms. Example objects to turnover would include any item resting on soil and items such as plant pots, wooden boards and bin bags on any substrate.
Leaf Litter - leaf litter can be searched by hand or sieved. Some earthworms may be found within the very top layer of the soil, whereas others may be found on the surface beneath the litter.
Hedgerows - some earthworms are thought to be associated with hedgerows and may be found in the top layer of soil beneath hedgerows.
Compost - compost heaps/bins are often home to dense populations of earthworms. They can usually be found by simply searching the top layer of the compost.
Please record the earthworms you find in microhabitats separately from those you find within the soil pits (even if a species occurs in both). Recording the presence of a species in multiple habitats or microhabitats helps us learn more about the ecology of different earthworm species and their associations with specific conditions.
On some sites it may not be possible to get permission to dig. An alternative method of getting earthworms out of the ground is to pour a mustard solution on the ground. To make the mustard solution, add 25 ml volume of mustard powder to 0.75 litre of tap water and shake well. Keep checking the area where you poured the solution (and surrounding area) for ten minutes to


Tiger's Eye Meaning and Healing Properties
Tigers eye smooth stone
If you're an avid collector of gemstones or simply like to pick up a crystal here and there, the tiger's eye stone is one item you'll want to add to your collection. With its gold, brown, and black color tones laid out in exquisite patterns, the tiger's eye stone is a unique one you'll want to collect.
Known for its powerful wealth and success components, the tiger's eye stone is used for many other reasons as well.
What Is Tiger's Eye?
Tiger's eye is formed by altering crocidolite when quartz dissolves it. As for the color, iron oxide is what gives it the signature color that makes it easy to identify this stone.
This gemstone is found in areas where heat and dry air are readily present. Some of the locations where tiger's eye is mined include India, Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Brazil, Spain, and the United States, to name a few.
Tiger's eye has a smooth luster to it and is a 6.5-7 on the Mohs hardness scale.
three smooth and polished tigers eye stones
History of Tiger's Eye
Tiger's eye has a unique history. The ancient Egyptians adored the stone for its eye-catching color scheme. These individuals said the stone equated with divine vision and used it for the eyes of their deity statues. The Egyptians also used the tiger's eye in jewelry for its protective qualities.
The Romans favored tiger's eye gemstones for its protective attributes as well. The gemstone was put to good use as protection when heading into battle.
Meaning of Tiger's Eye
As you might have gathered, tiger's eye is a protective stone that has strength as a main characteristic. As with the tiger who rules the jungle, the tiger's eye stone represents courage and the wearer can embrace this meaning. The different colors also symbolize strength in varying degrees.
The tiger's eye stone has a watchful eye and mystical quality to it. These qualities both work together with the overall strength characteristic of the tiger's eye.
Tiger's eye is also helpful with balancing and clearing emotions. If you want a mind that's calm or a disposition full of peaceful qualities, tiger's eye is your go-to stone.
Healing Properties of Tiger's Eye
Gemstones and crystals are known for their healing properties and tiger's eye is no different. With its strength components, you can use tiger's eye to heal you of the things that bother you and affect you in different ways.
Here are some ways the tiger's eye stone can be used for healing purposes:
- Offering insight into difficult situations
- Providing focus
- Protection from negative energies
- Offering good luck
- Deepening one's state of meditation
- Help with grounding and centering one's energy
- Mental clarity
- Freedom from fear
With all these healing properties, it's no wonder that the tiger's eye stone is a popular healing item. Add in the fact it has a vibrant and unique color and you have a gemstone that everyone wants in their collection.
How to Use Tiger's Eye
Tiger's eye can be put to good use in many ways. From wearing it as a pendant around your neck to keeping the stone in your pocket, you can embrace the powerful healing components of the tiger's eye stone.
If you want to have your tiger's eye stone on you wherever you go, wearing it in a piece of jewelry is an easy way to do so. You can buy tiger's eye pendants, tiger's eye rings, tiger's eye bracelets, and many other unique jewelry pieces adorned with this stone.
Feng Shui
Feng shui is the practice of using space and the layout of your home or office to create a balanced energy environment. This can be done by using gemstones and crystals in the practice of feng shui. Tiger's eye is an especially useful stone for feng shui purposes.
The tiger's eye gemstone can be used to keep moods grounded, make fears dissipate, and attract good luck. Overall, it's an excellent stone for providing a safe environment to your home or office. With its protective qualities you can see why tiger's eye gemstones are often used for the purpose of feng shui.
If you want to tap into the protective attributes of a tiger's eye stone, place it by your front door or by a window. This will add a feeling of security to your home and be an essential part of your feng shui layout.
The tiger's eye stone can also be used for meditation purposes. When you meditate, use your tiger's eye gemstone to help you connect to your purpose and path. As you meditate, hold the stone in your hand and let the healing powers and focus be the result of using the tiger's eye with your meditation.
You can also wear your tiger's eye as jewelry or place a tiger's eye gemstone on the table next to you as you meditate to let its powerful energy guide you in your spiritual meditations.
Chakra Cleansing
The tiger's eye gemstone is used in conjunction with the root, solar plexus, and sacral chakras. Tiger's eye can be used to dispel negative energy when used with the root chakra. When used with all three chakras, a tiger's eye gem will help to provide safety and strength to the holder as well as enable them to feel grounded.
This gemstone can also be used with the third eye chakra for enhancing psychic abilities as it's known for its mystical qualities.
Use the tiger's eye gemstone when engaging in a chakra cleansing and you will feel better in many different ways and reap the benefits listed above.
Table Displays
Sometimes you might want to display your tiger's eye gemstone right out in the open. With a larger tiger's eye gemstone, you can display this beautiful item in your home or office for all to see.
You can place the gemstone on a table by itself or add a few other crystals and gemstones to the collection for a decor item with an added powerful energy.
Carry the Loose Stones
You might find that keeping a tiger's eye stone in your pocket or purse as you go about your day is an ideal notion. By doing so, you can carry this good luck, focus-oriented stone with you wherever you go.
If you need some added energy throughout the day, simply take out your tiger's eye and hold it for a minute or so to recharge your strength.
single tigers eye stone
How to Care For Tiger's Eye
When you purchase your new tiger's eye gemstone, you want to be sure to keep it looking as lovely as possible.
Caring for your stone is easy as can be. Simply let it sit in water with a little bit of soap for a short while. Then, rinse off your tiger's eye stone and you'll find that it's clean, recharged, and ready to be put back to good use.
For a more in depth energy cleansing, place your tiger's stone outside at night every so often and let the moonlight cleanse your beloved gemstone. This will provide excellent recharging qualities for your stone.
When you want to put your tiger's eye aside, such as safely storing a piece of tiger's eye jewelry, make sure to place it in a small felt bag or separate jewelry box compartment so it doesn't get damaged if put in with other items. You want your tiger's eye to be in the best shape possible for years to come.
Pursue Success with Tiger's Eye By Your Side
Tiger's eye is a gemstone with an excellent meaning and wonderful healing qualities. When you have a tiger's eye necklace or loose tiger's eye gem to take with you wherever you go, you'll feel confident and protected as you face each day.
When it's time to buy a tiger's eye gemstone, consider the following:
- Do I want to wear it or carry it?
- Do I want a small stone or larger display?
- What color scheme am I looking for, more yellow or more brown?
- What jewelry items do I often wear that I could add a tiger's eye stone to?
- What is my gemstone budget?
- Do I want to collect other stones to display beside my tiger's eye gemstone?
As you consider these items, you'll be able to choose the right type of tiger's eye gemstone to add to your stone collection. You might even want to collect a few different types of tiger's eye stones, especially if you're really interested in this type of gemstone.
When you buy your tiger's eye gemstone, think of the many ways you can use your new item. You can take up meditation or engage in chakra cleansing and watch the tiger's eye work its powerful energy magic. You'll find that having this gemstone by your side gives a new outlook and helps you in various areas of your life to achieve what you've been looking to do all along.
Explore the tiger's eye products and choose the one that is most suited for your lifestyle. You'll find that adding this lovely stone to your collection is not only a good idea for its powerful energy but lovely aesthetics as well.


text:
As you probably know, the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and other authorities have specified standard values for resistors. It can be referred as the Preferred Value system.
The preferred value system has its origins in the early years of the last century at a time when most resistors were carbon-graphite with relatively poor manufacturing tolerances.
The E series specify the preferred values for various tolerances. The number following the E specifies the number of logarithmic steps per decade.
This is not really a calculator, but a very handy tool if, like me, you can't remember what values of resistor are available "from stock".
Enter the value of resistor you would like in the box and the available values from the different series and the difference (as a percentage) from the required value is displayed below. This is a rolling calculation and does not require clearing, just alter the value in the box.


7 Important Rules of Journalistic Writing
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A good author needs to understand the audience and the goal of a piece a person is writing. Based on that, an author might use different styles that vary from journalistic writing to an academic one.
Each style has its nuances and templates. Because of that, one might be good at academic writing but struggle to create a journalistic piece. A lot of people learn the essential principles of academic writing during their university studies, but not so many of them get a chance to learn how to write like a journalist. This article provides 7 tips to improve your journalistic writing.
Tip 1: Answer the 5W1H Questions.
Like its counterpart styles, journalistic writing presents information to the audience. The difference is, however, in the order in which an article is structured. In academic writing, necessary facts can be spread across the piece and then repeated at the conclusion. For news pieces, in comparison, it is vital to provide all the essential information in the first paragraphs. To separate more relevant information from a less urgent one, a journalist needs to answer the 5W1H (who, what, where, when, why, and how) questions. So, instead of putting a conclusion at the end, a journalist writes it as the introduction.
Tip 2: Use an Inverted Pyramid.
An atypical journalistic writing structure of news pieces can be represented by an inverted pyramid. According to its shape, after presenting the conclusion at the beginning of an article, a story should reveal background information to familiarize the audience with less essential, but still significant, materials. After that, a story might finish with less necessary details so that if a reader does not finish reading an article, the general understanding of the piece remains intact..
Another outstanding point of journalistic style is the pace with which information gets presented. While in academic writing, researchers mostly use complex sentences with a humongous number of details allowing authors to develop each point, journalistic style, in contrast, does not have such an option.
Tip 3: Use Fast-Paced Writing.
Journalists use fast-paced writing. They avoid complex sentences and long paragraphs. Understanding that a viewer might stop reading an article, content creators have to keep the audience's attention. While some researchers might compose full-page paragraphs, journalists are likely to write paragraphs compiled of just one sentence. In doing so, journalists replace quantity with quality.
While crafting sentences, content creators, often disregarding their vocabulary, are likely to prioritize simple, robust words over complicated academic ones. This tendency again comes from the fact that content creators avoid distracting the audience from reading the article.
Tip 4: Use Active Voice.
Besides engaging the storytelling structure from an unusual perspective, content creators also approach writing from a different angle when working on sentence structure. As an example, authors use active voice whenever it is possible. Such a decision usually comes from the necessity of the industry to be newsworthy. Thus, it is not enough to just say that "the bill was passed" because the audience does not know the person who passed the bill. Instead, a journalist would more likely write: "The Congress passed the bill."
Tip 5: Use Memorable Words.
Journalistic writing also includes the use of memorable words at the end of paragraphs. Like with TV shows and their cliffhangers, authors need to excite the audience to continue reading. That is why writers might structure their last sentences to finish with either a powerful verb or a surprising disclosure.
In comparison to researchers, journalists are strictly framed in terms of the order of presenting facts. However, media writers have more freedom when using direct quotes.
Tip 6: Use Quotes.
The use of quotes in journalism not only reveal additional information, but they often provide the most interesting part of an article. Having this in mind, media writers select only a limited number of quotes to highlight the importance of a particular moment. However, young authors tend to mistakenly use quotes that just repeat a journalist's point without telling any new information.
Quotes should emphasize the previous point, but they should be more than just an affirmation of it.
Tip 7: Complement Your Photos With Words.
Even when using photos in an article, media writers should think about their impact and originality to the piece. If a reader sees a picture of a president playing with kids, the sentence before the picture should not sound like: "The president was playing with kids." If one writes such a sentence, it does not bring anything new to the article. It only diminishes the importance of the picture.
There are many more rules and pieces of advice that each professional journalist follows while writing an article. Growing through experience, authors learn how to become engaging inside the frames of the industry or how to subvert these limitations in an appealing manner.
Not all the mentioned rules might apply. It mostly depends on the type of a written piece. While news articles might be called the most fundamental and limited type of journalism, there are many other forms of journalistic stories that allow authors to experiment with both the structure and information.
If you like what you read, check out more articles on writing advice in our blog where we offer micro-guides on semicolons, commas, and typos.
If you already have a written piece and want it to be edited, check out our services. Best Edit offers different editing and proofreading assistance because we care about your growth and improvement as a writer.
More to explore
using data in writing
How to Use Data in Your Writing
"According to statistics – eighty percent of statistics are made up." Maybe, you have even heard that provocative statement. However, have you
Semicolon guide
Semicolons: A Micro-Guide
It's not a comma and it's not a period. It definitely isn't a colon! So, what is a semicolon, what does it
Page: 1 of 6
Words: 243
English (U.S.)


text:
Containers in dotCMS allow you to specify both what types of Content can be added to a Page and how content of each of those Content Types is displayed. Specifically, Containers allow you to perform the following important functions:
- Determine which Content Types a user can add to a Page.
- A user can not add content of a given Content Type to a Page unless the Page's Template includes a Container that accepts content of that type.
- Create blocks of code which are re-usable on multiple Templates.
- Containers (and especially Zero Content Containers) can contain code, which can then be shared among Templates and Pages by including the Container in multiple different Templates.
- Specify different and re-usable formatting and styling for each different Content Type that can be displayed in the Container.
- Individual content items are placed inside Containers, Containers are placed inside Templates, and Templates are placed inside Pages. So individual content items are ultimately displayed (and formatted) in Pages via Containers.
- You can also create different Containers that format and display the same Content Type in different ways (such as a summary view and a detailed view), allowing you to select how a Content Type is displayed in different Templates just by choosing the appropriate Container.
- Content Type Formatting
- Container Types
Content Type Formatting
Properly created containers control how the fields of each Content Type display on the Page (including whether or not each field of the Content Type is displayed at all). This ensures that content contributors don't have to worry about coding or CSS styling, and that all content of the same Content Type is displayed in the same way (even on multiple different pages). Content contributors simply contribute content by filling out each field available on the Content Type, and when the content is added to a Page it displays with the appropriate styling and selected fields for that Content Type.
Note: A given Container can only appear once in each Template, but each Container can be used on multiple different Templates (once in each Template).
There are two basic types of containers in dotCMS:
- Zero Content Containers do not have Content Types assigned to them.
- Content Containers allow content creators to add Content of certain Content Types to them.
Zero Content Containers (Headers, Footers, Side Navigation, etc.)
Zero Content Containers do not have Content Types assigned to them. The Max Contents property of the Container must be set to 0, and content contributors will not be able to add content to them.
Content Containers allow content creators to add individual content items to them. Content Container properties define all of the following:
- Which Content Types can be contributed to the Container.
- You may add one or more Content Types to the Container, and individual content items of all the added Content Types can be added to the Container.
- How content of each allowable Content Type should be formatted when added to the page (e.g. which fields of the Content Type should be shown and how they should be displayed).
- How many pieces of content can be contributed to the Container on a single Page.
- The total number of individual content items of all allowable Content Types that can be added to the container.
- Whether the content can edited through the inline editing mode.
- Which users have Permission to contribute content to the Container.
If the Max. Contents property is set to any number higher than zero, then the following Container properties can be set on a Content Container:


goal is to create a kernel with only a few additional patches
and you don't want to be bothered with using the git repository, there
is an easier way.
The kernel-source SRPM ships with two empty archives that can be be
filled and automatically expanded when building the kernel. You can use
these to add your own patches and config options without disturbing the
rest of the kernel package. This is useful if you are using the openSUSE
Build Service and link to the main kernel-source project instead of
creating your own branch. The advantage to this is that your project
will automatically receive all the changes that go into the main project
without any further effort.
To add a patch using this mechanism, just add it to the
patches.addon.tar.bz2 archive and add an entry to the series.conf file.
The archive will be expanded automatically with the other kernel patches
when the source tree is constructed.
Some patches may add new Kconfig options. The config.addon.tar.bz2
archive contains the same hierarchy as config.tar.bz2, but is under
config.addon. You can add your new config options to files named after
their config/ counterparts.
For example, the file used to configure the i386 default kernel is named
config/i386/default. To add config options to that kernel, you would
create a new file called _URL_ with the options as
formatted in a normal Linux kernel.config file. This is important
because the kernel build is non-interactive and will fail if it
encounters new config options without entries in the config file.
Modules that belong to a specific kernel release are installed in
kernel package release number. Modules from KMPs must be installed
updates/ have priority over other modules.
When KMPs contain modules that are compatible between multiple installed
kernels, symlinks are used to make those modules available to those
compatible kernels like this:
Modules in the weak-updates directory have lower priority than modules
 Documentation in the kernel source tree.
 Linux Documentation Project,
 Linux Weekly News,
 Rusty's Remarkably Unreliable Guides (Kernel Hacking
 and Kernel Locking guides),
 Kernel newbies,
Loadable Kernel Modules
 Peter Jay Salzman and Ori Pomerantz: Linux Kernel Module
 Programming Guide, Version 2.4, April 2003,
Kernel Module Packages
 Andreas Gruenbacher: Kernel Module Packages Manual.
 Versions for CODE9 (SLES9, SUSE LINUX 10.0) and CODE10
 (SUSE Linux 10.1, SLES10),
openSUSE Build Service is sponsored by


text:
The two rock circles at this site were connected by a 25 foot
line of rocks. One circle is 8 foot and the opposite circle is 4 foot
wide. A pole with a red rope marked the spot and is what attracted
Michelle to investigate. Who constructed the rings? Do the rings cause the
sound phenomenon or where they placed there because of it? What about the
sacrificial placement of a heart and liver. How did these escape
decomposing in the desert sun? Bones and feathers adorned the site, as
Michelle is seeking an answer..


text:
If a recipe calls for barley, should you use hulled or pearl? Can you substitute one for the other? What's the difference?
Hulled barley, also known as barley groats, is the whole grain form of barley, with only the outermost hull removed. Chewy and rich in fiber, it's the healthiest kind of barley. However, it takes longer to cook than pearl barley, about an hour or more.
Pearl barley is the most common form of barley. It's still chewy and nutritious, but less so than hulled barley because the outer husk and bran layers have been removed. The polished grains are also softer and take less time to cook, about 40 minutes.
Most recipes call for pearl barley or intend for cooks to use this type even if they don't specify. However, it is usually fine to substitute hulled barley. Just be aware that you may need to adjust the recipe cooking time.
Here are a few recipes from the Kitchn archives:
Related: Good Question: How Do I Cook Barley?
(Image: Emily Ho)


text: An interference microscope is used to measure the precise optical properties of materials (e.g., birefringence) and study minute variations in surface morphology. The interference microscope is based on a Michelson interferometer, which splits a monochromatic beam of light (a single wavelength of light from the visible spectrum) into two beams, a beam that passes through the sample and reference beam. As the sample beam passes through the sample, it is slowed down relative to the reference beam. After the sample, the light waves in the two beams recombine; but in recombination, the waves interfere, either constructively or destructively, creating light regions in former case or dark regions in the latter. From the resulting bands of light and dark that make up an interferogram, we can quantitatively and qualitatively characterize optical properties and surface characteristics.


The Pedigree of Qest4
As well as the technical evolution of the system, the understanding of what energetic testing is and is not also progresses. In the early days the process was seen as a direct analogue of a laboratory test for the presence or absence of an item, or a measurement of the state of tissue, way to establish physiological reactivity to something like an allergy, the modern view is more nuanced. There is recognition that responses to the signal output are mediated by the consciousness of the individual, which is in relationship with the practitioner, and that the journey of healing brings up things at the time they are ready to be processed. This means that the training and community interaction are a vital part of th strenght of the Qest4, to learn how to use it to its best potential in your practice.T
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How does complexity thinking interact with policy analysis? Last for today from Professor Paul Cairney.
Paul Cairney: Politics & Public Policy
Presentation to 'A jurisprudence of complexity? Rethinking the relationship between law and society', University of Lancaster, 25th September 2015
It is customary to describe complexity theory as new, exciting, and interdisciplinary. Its advocates suggest that it offers a new way of seeing the world, a scientific paradigm to replace 'reductionism', a way for many academic disciplines to use the same language to explain key processes, and the potential for an impressively broad and rich empirical base. Robert Geyer and I explore these themes in the introduction and conclusion to our edited Handbook on Complexity and Public Policy.
In this short discussion, I present a more critical discussion of these high expectations, examining how they translate into something new for political and policy science, and asking: what does complexity theory offer policy studies? I suggest that its focus on greater interdisciplinarity is potentially misleading, that its theoretical appeal…
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Guest Post: Primer #5: The Role Of Demographics In Canada's Coming Housing Bust
Tyler Durden's picture
Submitted by Ben Rabidoux of Financial Insights
Primer #5: The role of demographics in Canada's coming housing bust
I'd like to reiterate that the point of these primers is to explain
the big-picture factors that have shaped my opinion on the direction of
the economy in general, and housing in particular. So far we have
seen that deflation
and not inflation will be the dominant force over the next several
years as we have reached a point of peak credit and peak consumption in
the Western world. Beyond that is anyone's guess, and the inflationists
and hyperinflationists may yet be proven right. But it won't be in the
next few years, at least not in Canada. We've seen that real estate in
Canada absolutely is in bubble territory
when the data is considered rationally and compared to widely accepted
measures of fundamental value. We've seen that the two big drivers of
this bubble growth have been mass psychology
(how many times have you heard, "real estate only goes up," despite all
the contrary evidence just south of our border) and also by the
erroneous and self-defeating policies of CMHC.
We're once again looking at one of the macro factors that will exert
significant downward pressure on real estate prices over the next
several years: demographics.
Let's start by noting that Canada has a population pyramid similar in many ways to other mature economies. The population of Canada is aging: the median age in Canada increased from 35.2 years old in 1996 to 39.3 years old in 2008
This results in a larger share of the population getting closer to
retirement. This is largely caused by the most notable feature on the
graph below, and the one we are particularly interested in: the bulge in
the middle of the pyramid.
I'm sure most of my readers are quite familiarized with this bulge
and with the name given to the group of people who make up this
anomaly: The Baby Boomers.
Baby Boomers is the name given to a group of people born between 1946
and 1965. Some simple math tells us that if you are currently between
the ages of 45 and 64, you have a lifetime membership in this club.
Right off the bat, let's identify two important facts about the ages
of 45 and 64. Next year the oldest Baby Boomers turn 65, marking the
traditional end of their working years, and with it a shift away from
spending earned income to spending a retirement income that is usually
significantly less. Also next year, the youngest Baby Boomer turns 46.
During the typical working life, spending increases throughout the
early working years until…..age 46. At this point spending begins to
decline while saving and debt repayment accelerates.
The effects of an aging population and this housing life-cycle can be seen in the following charts from CMHC.
Note that 59% of homeowners currently live in larger houses that
their previous house, while 32% of home purchasers in 2009 indicated
that they purchased their home because they wanted a larger home. This
would be expected as a population ages and approaches its peak interest
in large homes. There is also a sociological element to all of this, as
average home sizes have moved higher across all age groups over the
past several decades. Nevertheless, I believe the era of the McMansion
is over, as you will see below.
As we noted in our first primer, because of the nature of our
fractional reserve banking system, we need a continually-expanding debt
base to service existing debt, as that debt must be repaid with
interest. When demand for debt diminishes and when that diminishing
demand is coupled with increased savings, it causes deflationary
pressure as both the monetary aggregate and velocity of money decline.
The impact of deflationary pressures on housing prices have been
described ad nauseum on this blog. So we'll leave it at that for now.
But keep that in the back of your mind as that is the macro picture that
will be working behind the scenes here in Canada over the next several
As of early 2010, real estate provided 48% of the net worth
of Canadian households, the highest it had been in 20 years. I would
bet that number is quite likely north of 50% today, though I can't
prove it. Below is a chart taken from the October 2009 Moneysense
magazine, in which they profiled the net worth of Canadian households.
Net worth was measured as assets minus liabilities, where assets
included home equity; financial assets such as stocks, bonds, and mutual
funds; savings and bank accounts; and accrued pension benfits. What I
want you to notice is that net worth for the 55-64 age group peaks at
roughly age 60. The median net worth at this time is a little over
$420,000. At closer to 65, net worth drops below 400K.
Some simple math tells us that well over 50% of Canadian households
between the ages of 55 and 64 have a net worth of less than 400K.
Putting that fact together with the one above, it implies that there are
50% of households in Canada facing retirement with an asset allocation
of approximately $200,000 or less in home equity and $200,000 or less in
financial assets. The picture may be even bleaker depending on the
methodology used in the Moneysense wealth test. If they included such
non-financial depreciating 'assets' such as a car or household items,
the numbers could be even lower. Here's the point: A massive group of
Canadians are nearing retirement and are completely unprepared for it
Let me put it another way. In 2009, this cohort of 55 to 64 year old individuals represented a total population of over 4 million, or over 12%
of Canada's total population. Accounting for some one-adult
households, this represents over 2 million Canadian households. Since
the median line represents the 50th percentile, it means that there are
over 1 million households facing retirement in the next few years and
evidently planning on having less than 200K sustain two people for the
next 20 years. Given the extremely low interest rate environment, that
won't throw off much, perhaps 10K per year if you're willing to take a
bit of risk. I don't know what that lifestyle will buy exactly, but it
will certainly involve significantly less discretionary spending and/or
an acquired taste for Purina in a can.
Not only are they not prepared in terms of liquid financial assets,
but increasingly, people are entering retirement years with significant
debt. Since the early 90s, the rate of insolvency among Canadians
over 55 has shot up by more than 500%. The fact that more and more
Canadians are reaching the end of their working lives encumbered by
debt is a worrisome trend. It seems that as the boomer generation edges
into their 60s, a significant number are finding themselves
unprepared for retirement.
It should be obvious that there are many boomers expecting to free up
the equity in their home to finance their retirement. Currently,
nearly 75% of people in the 55-64 age group own their home, meaning that
based on my crude calculations, we are looking at approximately 750,000
households faced with the option of either freeing up home equity or
significantly delaying their retirement plans. If someone can find hard
stats that either support or refute my crude analysis, I would love to
see them.
There are several ways to free up home equity:
1) A reverse mortgage. In Canada, CMHC will provide these mortgages through the Canadian Home Income Plan
It will give you up to 40% of your home equity as a loan. The
principal and accrued interest are payable either upon the death of the
mortgage holder or upon sale of the residence. I have no doubt that
this option will become an increasingly popular way to free up home
equity. Between 2004 and 2008 compound annual growth at Toronto-based
HomEquity Bank, Canada's leader in reverse mortgages, was 12%.
This approach to freeing up equity should have the least impact on the
housing market. However, the total number of homeowners opting for this
approach is still tiny; In the past 20 years, CHIP has issued
approximately $770 million in reverse mortgage loans to to only 12,500
clients. If my math above is correct and there will be over 750,000
households that need to free up this equity, this will represent a drop
in the bucket!
2) Sell and rent. Given that the notion of housing being the 'safest investment' is heavily ingrained in the Canadian boomer psyche, I think it is a fair assumption that only a small percentage of boomers will opt for this.
3) Downsize.


text:
Records were made to be broken, but some will prove awfully hard to bust. In the world of dogs, you may not want to try – unless you're keen on buying enough food to feed a 300-pound dog.
Here are some all-time, never-been-broken records set by dogs and cats. These records have stood the test of time – and heaven help us if they are ever broken. The tallest dog ever recorded stood at a towering 42 inches at the shoulder. Standing on hind legs, the dog reached 6 foot 9 inches. From nose to tail, he was just under 8 feet. The dog was a Great Dane from Great Britain, who lived from 1975 to 1984.
The smallest dog also hailed from Great Britain. The Yorkshire terrier was just 2.5 inches tall from the shoulder and weighed just 4 ounces. The little dog did not survive to his second birthday; he died in 1945.
The world's oldest dog lived to the ripe old age of 29 years and 5 months. Born in 1910, Bluey, an Australian cattle dog, faithfully herded cattle for more than 20 years before retiring. He died in 1939. (Bluey's longevity is reliably documented; other claims have not been verified.)
The world's strongest dog is reputed to be Lobo, an Alaskan malamute. The 165-pound dog pulled a 10,000-pound truck/trailer 20 feet in the early 1970s.
The most prolific mother award goes to Lena, an American foxhound who gave birth to 23 puppies in June 1944, in Ambler, Pa. The little miracles, black and white spotted puppies, all lived and reached maturity.
Other Interesting Pet Facts
The world of pets is full of little-known but interesting facts. Here are just a few:
The bloodhound is the only animal whose evidence is admissible in a U.S. court of law.
Two dogs survived the Titanic disaster – a Pomeranian and a Pekingese.
The first commercially available dog food was available in 1870 in Great Britain. The product was called Spratt's Patent Meal Fibrine Dog Cakes.
Each year, Americans spend more on dog food than baby food.
Mutt is short for the word "muttonhead," which was slang for dimwit. Somehow the word was applied to dogs in the 20th century, and then to dogs of mixed breeds.
The phrase "dog days of summer" was originally a reference to the constellations. It refers to the period between July and September, when the "dog star" Sirius rises early with the sun.


text: The Damascus Room is a residential winter reception chamber (qa'a) typical of the late Ottoman period in Damascus, Syria. Among the earliest extant, nearly complete interiors of its kind, the room's large scale and refined decoration suggest that it was part of the house of an important, affluent family. Poetry inscribed on its walls indicates that the patron was Muslim and possibly a member of the religious elite who were believed to have descended from the Prophet Muhammad.The Damascus Room, like most winter reception rooms (qa'as) of its time, is divided into two areas: a raised, square seating area (tazar) and a small antechamber ('ataba) entered through a doorway from a courtyard. The opening from which visitors view the room today would originally have been a wall with a cupboard. (The cupboard doors are now mounted in the passageway leading to the room.) Wealthy Damascene homeowners periodically refurbished reception rooms in accordance with shifting trends and tastes in interior decoration. Therefore, houses in the old city of Damascus as well as their interiors rarely date to a single building phase. Although the inscription dates most of the woodwork elements in the room to A.D. 1707, alterations were made to the room in the subsequent three centuries.The woodwork's relief decoration is made of gesso covered with gold leaf, tin leaf with tinted glazes, and bright egg tempera paint. Known as 'ajami, this characteristic Ottoman-Syrian technique and style creates a rich texture with varied surfaces that are responsive to changes in light. The palette of the 'ajami decoration was originally much more colorful and more varied than it appears today. Periodically the surfaces were coated with a layer of varnish as a form of maintenance. Over time, subsequent coats of varnish have darkened, muting the colorful surfaces in the Damascus Room.The Damascus Room is decorated with forty stanzas of poetry.


How Do You Spell 265 In Words Perfectly Without Mistakes
Spelling of 265 in words
How do you spell 265 in words :
Two hundred sixty-five
Convert 265 dollars in words (USD) :
Two hundred sixty-five dollars
265 spelling in British Pound amount (GBP) :
Two hundred sixty-five pounds
How to write 265 Canadian Dollar in letters (CAD) :
Two hundred sixty-five canadian dollars
How to write numbers in words similar to 265 :
Reminder of the spelling rules to write the number 265 in letters :
Here are basic rules for spelling out 265 and other cardinal numbers :
- To write the number 265 in dollar amount, the currency symbol is placed before the number, with no spaces : $265.
If spelled out in words, the currency symbol is removed : Two hundred sixty-five dollars dollars.
- Decimals should be separated by periods and thousands by commas.
- Numbers from 21 to 99 are written with a hyphen : Eighty, Eighty-one
More information about the number 265 :
265 is the number following 264 and preceding 266.
The number 265 is included in the list of numbers 0 to 1000
265 is an Odd number
The square root of 265 is : 16._PHONE_
Its square is : 70225
It is not a prime number
The divisors of the number 265 are : 1, 5, 53, 265


Encyclopedia of Sport: Every sport from around the world
Spongee is an outdoor winter team sport, played on an ice rink, between two teams with six players on each team. The sport originated from Ice Hockey, the aim to enable players who were not good at skating to play hockey. Later, several modifications were adopted to make spongee a unique sport.
Winnipeg in Canada, where spongee originated, is currently the only place where the sport is played. The city has several spongee leagues with a few thousand players.
The objective of the sport is similar to that of ice hockey, where teams try to score more goals than the opposition within a fixed time duration. But that's where the similarity ends. Some of the major differences between Spongee and ice hockey are:
Spongee is considered as an underground sport in mainstream society, and was subject to criticism when a documentary, "Spongee: Checks Lies and Videotape", about a controversy was aired.
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How do fish separate oxygen from H20 & consume it? Do they break the water molecule and absorb the oxygen only?
The answer to this, I recon, is that they don't.
They use molecular oxygen (O2) dissolved in the water for respiration, where is acts as a terminal electron acceptor, just as we use molecular oxygen in the air for respiration. We can speak of the water as being oxygenated.
What is split in photosynthesis, where reducing equivalents from water are used to reduce NADP+ (giving NADPH).
One of the great discoveries of biology, IMO, is that the oxygen formed in green-plant photosynthesis comes from water, not CO2.
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Rant
Despite claims to the contrary, most infamously by Racker (1976, pp 28 - 29) and Wieser (1980), but also by Madeira (1988) and Mego (1986) for example, water is not split in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs Cycle). Banfalvi (1991) also sails pretty close to the wind on this one.
That is, reducing equivalents from water are not passed down the respiratory chain, or in any way used to make ATP, or are in any way a'source' of free energy. Such claims, IMO, are nonsense.
The definitive answers to the Wieser (1980) paper are given by Atkinson (1981) and Herreros & Garcia-Sancho (1981). Both of these articles are models of clarity, and categorically refute the claims of Wieser (1980). Nevertheless, as shown by the references above, the controversy surfaces periodically.
The only source of reducing equivalents in the TCA cycle are carbon compounds, and the only electrons passed down the respiratory chain are those 'held' in C-H and C-C bonds (Herreros & Garcia-Sancho, 1981). An ionization is neither an oxidation nor a reduction (see Atkinson, 1981) and neither is a hydration. Adding water to (say) a double bond does not make the compound any more oxidized or reduced. As far as oxygen and electrons are concerned, and to generalize from a biological point of view, what is has it holds - except in photosynthesis.
As you may have guessed, the splitting of the water in the TCA cycle is a pet rant of mine. Thanks for the opportunity of airing my views!
Found this one when searching Google (Brière et al, 2006). In an invited review for the American Journal of Physiology (Cell Physiology) at that!
So now the TCA cycle is producing oxygen from water. Wonders will never cease!
In air-saturated buffer at 25oC the concentration of oxygen (O2 molecules) is about 0.24 mM (0.24 umoles/ml, or about 0.474 ug-atoms of oxygen per ml). [Chappell (1964)]. This figure decreases with increasing temperature.
Great question, BTW.
(Apologies for the incomplete Atkinson and Herreros & Garcia-Sancho references. I have a photocopy of these papers but have been unable to trace the full source. They are both in the 'Letters to the Editor' section of the February 1981 edition of Trends in Biochemical Sciences. They do not appear to be in Pubmed, or anywhere else on-line. Has anyone ever seen these references quoted, or can provide me with a full source?. I'll update if I find anything)


Why Physical Verification Is Only Getting Tougher With Advanced Nodes
April 14, 2021 by Antonio Anzaldua Jr.
In the nanometer era, IC complexity grows faster than die areas. EDA companies are stepping up with tools to streamline physical verification.
IC designers are all too familiar with the pressure of verification deadlines prior to manufacturing. Factors that can slow down that physical verification process include complex designs, overlapped wiring, and intricate metal layouts—not to mention the addition of billions of transistors.
While it is easier to go from hardware to EDA, verifying and validating the hardware itself can take much longer
While it is easier to go from hardware to EDA, verifying and validating the hardware itself can take much longer. Image used courtesy of ACM Digital Library
These setbacks are only compounded as technology moves into more advanced nodes. Recently, Synopsys, a leading developer of EDA tools, released an IC validator to address time spent during EDA workflows. The company has partnered with Samsung and Microsoft with a new approach: utilizing the cloud. This IC validator is said to offer cloud-based access to physical verification, increasing productivity and design closure time.
When it comes to physical verification, what are the challenges of scaled-down nodes? And how else are electronic design automation (EDA) companies helping to streamline the process?
Design Rule Checking (DRC) and Layout Versus Schematic (LVS)
First, it's important to understand two important steps that occur during the verification process: design rule checking (DRC) and layout versus schematic (LVS). DRC verifies whether a specific design meets the constraints imposed by a layout before manufacturing a physical product. LVS checks whether the designed IC matches up with the original schematic.
Depiction of layout versus schematic (LVS) works. Image used courtesy of Synopsys
In the past, following standard procedures in physical verification (namely, with processes like DRC and LVS) did not slow down project timelines. However, as the EDA industry encounters more advanced space, power, and performance requirements, traditional DRC and LVS may ultimately delay designers.
Electrical Effects on Nanometer-scale Technology
In the nanometer era, IC complexity grows faster than die areas. This makes the process for physical verification extend past scheduled timelines since there is a larger layout to check. Even after reviewing a layout, a design may still experience post-verification, electrical side effects.
These complications cause functionality issues that can include:
 - Reduced wire
 - Lower power supply
 - Smaller threshold voltage
 - Higher power consumption
A leading problem is behavioral delays, which include signal integrity (SI) and an IR (voltage) drop. The voltage drop is nearly inevitable: as feature size decreases, resistance increases. Most analysis tools will overlook these issues, which leads to irreversible chip-level functionality issues.
With challenges and electrical effects awaiting each design, how are these instances handled? Designers often look to silicon design and verification solutions from leading developers for solutions.
Synopsys' IC Validator
Synopsys has focused on a cloud-based solution to address design complexity in deep learning, autonomous automation, and mobility in 5G networks.
When discussing physical verification, Synopsys advises to "clean as you go," (PDF) an approach that suggests designers should run DRC at each design stage to avoid potential failures that usually don't appear until the design phase has been completed. The company says its IC validator allows faster DRC flows and provides feedback for debugging hundreds of cores, which can take designers multiple hours or days to go through.
DRC checking
"Clean as you go" DRC checking. Image used courtesy of Synopsys (PDF)
Synopsys also says its IC validator is able to deliver smart memory-aware load scheduling on Samsung's SAFE cloud design platform and Microsoft Azure.
Cadence's Physical Verification System
Cadence is another EDA company that recently showcased its Physical Verification System (PVS). According to the company, this system is able to improve distributed processing performance for advanced nodes. Cadence claims the PVS will improve the debugging process that leads up to advanced node design signoff.
PVS interactive suite
Cadence says its PVS interactive suite will lead designers to a faster path to the final sign-off. Image used courtesy of Cadence
Industry-standard DRC runs require prepped data and can take layout designers days to verify each phase. Alternatively, Cadence's PVS is equipped with real-time mode for the model to edit as the design complies to sign off.
Since electrical shorts are difficult to debug in conventional practices, Cadence's PVS offers an interactive short locator tool that is initiated during the first DRC run to quickly detect power shorts.
Siemens' Calibre nmDRC
Another option comes from Siemens, which aims to address time spent on advanced nodes with equation-based DRC to multi-patterning, machine learning, and EDA in the cloud. One of the major value claims of Siemens' Calibre tool suite is that it can handle "any design, at any node, at any foundry."
Calibre nmDRC tool
Key characteristics of the Calibre nmDRC tool. Image used courtesy of Siemens
Siemens' Calibre nmDRC is said to help designers verify all nodes—not only the advanced ones—providing strong debugging and verification throughout this process. Siemens asserts its software suite can be implemented into any existing system, giving designers flexibility for node mitigation.
What holdups have you encountered with physical verification as nodes have become more advanced? Share your experiences in the comments below.


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be itself." The first form of this conscious despair is "In despair not to will or want to be oneself." This becomes further subdivided into three categories: the one already mentioned, the despair not to will to be a self, and lowest, the despair to wish for a new self. These three divisions are mostly the self-worth the person has and the amount to which they understand their own despair. The despair to not be oneself is pretty straightforward. A person sees themself as unworthy and as such does not see themself as worthy before something they do not understand. The despair not to be a self is deeper, because to not wish to be a self is to wish to not have a relation to God or at the very least see one's relation to God as unworthy, and thus shrink from it. The lowest form of this group, however, is the desire to be a new self. This is logically the deepest form as it assumes the deepest understanding of one's despair. Once in despair, without a complete relation to God one will always be in despair, so to be in this level one understands the permanence of the despair. The despair in this group arises from the nature of sensate things and physical desires. These three sub groups are also grouped under the heading "Despair over the earthly."
The second level of conscious despair under the heading "Despair over the eternal." Someone in this level views themself in light of their own weakness. Unlike in the upper level, this weakness is understood and as such, instead of turning to faith and humbling oneself before God, they despair in their own weakness and unworthiness. In this sense, they despair over the eternal and refuse to be comforted by the light of God.
The last and lowest form of despair is the desire "In despair to will to be oneself." This last form of despair is also referred to by Kierkegaard as "demonic despair" (Note that the term demonic is used in the Classical Greek Sense, not the modern sense). In this form of despair, the individual finds him or herself in despair, understands they are in despair, seeks some way to alleviate it, and yet no help is forthcoming. As a result, the self becomes hardened against any form of help and "Even if God in heaven and all the angels offered him aid, he would not want it." At this level of despair the individual revels in their own despair and sees their own pain as lifting them up above the base nature of other humans who do not find themselves in this state. This is the least common form of despair and Kierkegaard claims it is mostly found in true poets. This despair can also be called the despair of defiance, as it is the despair that strikes out against all that is eternal. One last note is that as one travels further down the forms of despair, the number of people in each group becomes fewer.
Many philosophers who initially read Kierkegaard, especially Johannes de Silentio's Fear and Trembling, often come to the conclusion that Kierkegaard supports a divine command law of ethics. The divine command theory is a metaethical theory which claims moral values are whatever is commanded by a god or gods. However, Kierkegaard (through his pseudonym Johannes de Silentio) is not arguing that morality is created by God; instead, he would argue that a divine command from God transcends ethics. This distinction means that God does not necessarily create human morality: it is up to us as individuals to create our own morals and values. But any religious person must be prepared for the event of a divine command from God that would take precedence over all moral and rational obligations. Kierkegaard called this event the teleological suspension of the ethical. Abraham, the knight of faith, chose to obey God unconditionally, and was rewarded with his son, his faith, and the title of Father of Faith. Abraham transcended ethics and leaped into faith.
But there is no valid logical argument one can make to claim that morality ought to be or can be suspended in any given circumstance, or ever. Thus, Silentio believes ethics and faith are separate stages of consciousness. The choice to obey God unconditionally is a true existential 'either/or' decision faced by the individual. Either one chooses to live in faith (the religious stage) or to live ethically (the ethical stage).
In Either/Or, Kierkegaard insists that the single individual has ethical responsibility of his life. However, everyone wants to enjoy themselves and ethics gets in the way of a person's enjoyment of life if taken to extremes. This results in a battle between those who want to live for pleasure and those who demand an ethical existence. But Kierkegaard always points toward the religious goal, an "eternal happiness", or the salvation of the soul as the highest good. He says, be whatever you want, but remember that your soul belongs to God, not to the world.
By now you have easily seen that in his life the ethical individual goes through stages we previously set forth as separate stages. He is going to develop in his life the personal, the civic, the religious virtues, and his life advances through his continually translating himself from one stage to another. As soon as a person thinks that one of these stages is adequate and that he dares to concentrate on it one-sidedly, he has not chosen himself ethically but has failed to see the significance of either isolation or continuity and above all has not grasped that the truth lies in the identity of the two. The person who has ethically chosen and found himself possess himself defined in his entire concretion. He then possesses himself as an individual who has these capacities, these passions, these inclinations, these habits, who is subject to these external influences, who is influenced in one direction thus and in another thus. Here he then possesses himself as a task in such a way that it is chiefly to order, shape, temper, inflame, control-in short, to produce an evenness in the soul, a harmony, which is the fruit of the personal virtues. Either/Or Part 2, Hong p. 262
Resignation has made the individual face or has seen to it that he face toward an eternal happiness as the τέλος. This τέλος is not an element among other elements. Thus the both-and of mediation is not much better, even though less naïve, than the previously described jovial chatter that includes everything. At the moment of resignation, of collecting oneself, of choice the individual is allowed to salute the absolute τέλος-but then, then comes the mediation. So, too, a dog can be taught to walk on two legs for a moment but then, then comes the mediation, and the dog walks on four legs – mediation also does that. Spiritually understood, a human being's upright walk is his absolute respect for the absolute τέλος, otherwise he walks on all fours. When it is a matter of relative elements mediation has its significance (that they are all equal before mediation), but when it is a matter of the absolute end or goal, mediation means that the absolute τέλος is reduced to a relative τέλος. It is not true, either, that the absolute τέλος becomes concrete in the relative ends, because resignation's absolute distinction will at every moment safeguard the absolute τέλος against all fraternizing. It is true that the individual oriented toward the absolute τέλος, is in the relative ends, but he is not in them in such a way that the absolute τέλος is exhausted in them. It is true that before God and before the absolute τέλος we are all equal, but it is not true that God or the absolute τέλος is equal with everything else for me or for a particular individual. It may be very commendable for a particular individual to be a councilor of justice, a good worker in the office, no.1 lover in the society, almost a virtuoso on the flute, caption of the popinjay shooting club, superintendent of the orphanage, a noble and respected father-in short, a devil of a fellow who can both-and and has time for everything. But let the councilor take care that he does not become too much a devil of a fellow and proceed to do both all this and have time to direct his life toward the absolute τέλος. In other words, this both-and means that the absolute τέλος is on the same level with everything else. But the absolute τέλος has the remarkable quality of wanting to be the absolute τέλος at every moment. If, then, at the moment of resignation, of collecting oneself, of choice, an individual has understood this, it surely cannot mean that he is supposed to have forgotten it the next moment. Therefore, as I said before, resignation remains in the individual and the task is so far from getting the absolute τέλος mediated into all sorts of both-and that, on the contrary, it is to aim at the form of existence that permanently has the pathos of the great moment Concluding Unscientific Postscript, Hong, p. 400-401
For Kierkegaard, true individuality is called selfhood. Becoming aware of our true self is our true task and endeavor in life—it is an ethical imperative, as well as preparatory to a true religious understanding. Individuals can exist at a level that is less than true selfhood. We can live, for example, simply in terms of our pleasures—our immediate satisfaction of desires, propensities, or distractions. In this way, we glide through life without direction or purpose. To have a direction, we must have a purpose that defines for us the meaning of our lives. Kierkegaard puts it this way in Either/Or,
Here, then, I have your view of life,


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The definition of a stickler is someone who adheres tightly to a set of rules or principles.(adjective)
A teacher who gives you detention if you are even a minute late is an example of someone who is a stickler for tardiness.
See stickler in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: see stickle
See stickler in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Learn more about stickler


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I'm sure you have heard by now that AutoCAD 2007 has gotten a major overhaul in its 3D Modeling capabilities. These changes wouldn't make much difference if they didn't improve lighting, materials and rendering as well. In this posting I take a look at some of the new lighting improvements at a very basic level.
AutoCAD 2007 supports 4 different types of light sources (5 if you are going to count default lighting). The four different types of lights are Point, Spotlight, Distant and Sun light. Point, Spotlight, and Distant lights were all available in previous releases of AutoCAD that supported rendering (all the way back to R13). Point lights are lights that emit light in all directions, and are similar to a candle or a common household light bulb and as the light moves further away from the source it gets dimmer. A spotlight, would be similar to a flash light as it emits in a specific direction and as the light gets further away from the source it gets dimmer.
- Point light
- Distant light
Distant lights are lights that emit light along a specified vector, but the light does not get dimmer the further away from the source that it gets. A distant light would be similar to the sun, the angle and direction affects how the light is emitted. Sunlight is really a specific distant light that allows you to control the time and day of the sun, and its position through longitudinal and latitudinal values. All lights can be selected in the model using the Lights in Model palette or in some cases light with the point and spotlights can be selected and manipulated directly in the model using grips.
That is about all the time I have for now on lights, until next time.


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How do you solve _TAG_ = 3x + 12# and _TAG_ = x^2 + 2x - 18#?
The points of intersections are:
We are looking for the intersection of a line and a parabola. In other words, we want the points where if we put the same
which we can simplify to
Now we can use the quadratic equation to find the roots of our new quadratic where
To find the corresponding
So the points of intersections are:


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Most in the lighting world are aware of CRI, also known as Color Rendering Index. It can best be described as the quantitative measure of the ability of a given light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source. The higher the CRI value of a light source, the more accurate the color appearance of a given object.
CIE Ra's ability to predict color appearance has been criticized in favor of measures based on color appearance models, such as CIECAM02 and the CIE metamerism index for daylight simulators. CRI is not a good indicator for use in the visual assessment of light sources, especially for sources below 5000 kelvin (K). New standards, such as the IES TM-30, resolve these issues and have begun replacing the usage of CRI among professional lighting designers. However, CRI is still typical among household lighting products.
TM30-15 Contains 3 Main Components
- Rf: Analogous to CIE Ra (CRI). Characterizes the average color shift of the 99 CES to characterize the overall level of similarity between the test source and reference illuminant. Values range from 0 to 100.
- Rg: Compares the area enclosed by the average chromaticity coordinates in each of 16 hue bins to characterize the average saturation level of the test source compared to the reference illuminant. A neutral score is 100, with values greater than 100 indicating an increase in saturation and values less than 100 indicating a decrease in saturation. The range in values grows as fidelity decreases.
- A graphical representation of Rg to visually represent which colors are washed out or more vivid due to the light source. It contains Color Vector Graphic, Color Saturation Graphic.
Color Vector Graphic: Provides a visual representation of hue and saturation changes based on the average rendering in each hue bin, relative to the reference. The graphic provides a quick understanding of how different hues are rendered in different ways.
Color Saturation Graphic: Provides a simplified visual representation of only saturation changes based on the average performance in each hue bin.
CRI VS TM-30-15
|CIE 13.3-1995 (CRI)
|Year of Issuance
|1965, 1974 (Revision), 1995
|CIE 1964 UVW*
|Number of Color Samples
|8 general (for Ra) plus 6 special (for Ris)
|Color Volume Coverage
|Full and equal
|Munsell samples only (limited pigments)
|Variety of real objects
|Sample Spectral Uniformity
|Blackbody radiation, CIE D series
|Blackbody radiation, CIE D series
|Sharp at 5000 K
|Blended between 4500 K and 5500 K
|General index, Ra (fidelity)
6 special indices, Ri (fidelity)
|Fidelity Index, Rf
Gamut Index, Rg
Color Vector/Saturation Graphics
16 hue-based fidelity indices
16 hue-based chroma indices
1 skin-specific fidelity index
99 individual fidelity values
|Max 100 with no lower limit, variable scaling
|0 to 100, consistent scaling
Why is TM30-15 important?
- CRI can be found on lamps everywhere today and is not going away right now. The IES is still waiting for feedback and will most likely adjust to TM30-15 before replacing CRI.
- TM30-15 will most likely be used sporadically, especially in applications where color rendering is a prime concern (specifiers, retail shops, etc.).
- Related to TM30-15, CRI can be cheated, as it only compares 9 to the 99 colors TM30-15 corresponds. So if you engineer your product's output to those 9 colors, you can inflate your score without improving the quality of the light source.
- TM-30-15 is an approved method. Use it and provide feedback to help it reach maturity.
- Choosing a "better" light source may be more challenging but also more rewarding.
Below are some visuals that detail the changes as you alter the various metrics listed above, such as Rf, Rg, and CRI, and comparisons of color vector graphs.
LEDYi manufactures high-quality LED strips and LED neon flex. All of our products go through high-tech laboratories to ensure the utmost quality. Besides, we offer customizable options on our LED strips and neon flex. So, for premium LED strip and LED neon flex, contact LEDYi ASAP!