text:
Develop or Perish
When J.R. Smallwood's Liberal government took office, it immediately announced that the central item on its agenda was to develop, diversify, and modernize the economy of Newfoundland and Labrador.
"We must develop or perish," said Smallwood in July, 1949. "We must develop or our people will go in the thousands to other parts of Canada. We must create new jobs.... Develop, develop, develop — that's been my slogan and that will remain my slogan."
Photographer unknown. Reproduced by the permission of the Archives and Manuscripts Division (J.R. Smallwood Collection 075, 5.04.241), Queen Elizabeth II Library, Memorial University, St.John's, Newfoundland.
Thus there was to be a break with a past characterized by poverty, uncertainty and backwardness. Under the new dispensation, the province was to be brought into the mainstream of the 20th century world, using large amounts of government money. This was to be a programme of forced growth, with the government subsidizing, encouraging and working with private business.
Smallwood did not have a well-defined plan, already developed and in place, and does not seem to have consulted the reconstruction plan presented in 1944 by the Commission of Government. Impatient for results and impetuous by nature, Smallwood threw himself and his inexperienced government into a frenzy of activity. The pace was extraordinary, with decisions being taken on several fronts at the same time. Nevertheless, the broad outlines of the government's approach can be described.
First, the modernization of the fishing industry, already under way, had to continue. In practice this meant that priority was given to developing the offshore trawler fishery, with the catch being processed in newly-built fish plants, frozen, and marketed mainly in the United States. The shipyard created by the government at Marystown in the late 1960s was designed to service the offshore fleet. The traditional inshore, small-boat salt fishery gradually declined into insignificance, and the Labrador schooner fishery disappeared.
Second, the government wanted to diversify the provincial economy by encouraging the establishment of new industries. At first, this programme was associated with the Latvian émigré Alfred Valdmanis, who Smallwood hired as Director General of Economic Development in 1950. Using the financial surplus left by the Commission of Government and provincial government loans, and exploiting Valdmanis' business contacts in Germany, the government oversaw the establishment of sixteen new industries on the west coast and on the Avalon Peninsula between 1950 and 1957. Few of these "new industries" lasted more than a few years, and only two survive today.
Third, Smallwood wanted to stimulate the development of the province's natural resources - its forests, minerals and hydro power. The government's first step in this direction was to establish the Newfoundland and Labrador Corporation (NALCO) in 1951, and vest it with extensive exploration and development rights on the island and in Labrador. NALCO proved unable to raise the necessary capital, and most of its rights were transferred to the British Newfoundland Corporation (BRINCO), which was formally established in 1953. BRINCO was not a Crown corporation like NALCO, but a private consortium of British and Canadian banks and other businesses prepared to invest in natural resource development.
BRINCO became closely associated with the development of hydro power at Churchill Falls (begun in 1966), through its subsidiary the Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation (CFL Co). Smallwood saw in cheap and plentiful electricity an important key to the province's future prosperity, above all because it would attract industry. Churchill Falls was a part of this strategy, as was the large-scale power development at Bay d'Espoir (begun in 1965). It was the availability of cheap power that lay behind the phosphorous plant at Long Harbour, where construction began in 1968, and schemes for an industrial complex at Come by Chance, which in time led to the construction of an oil refinery there by the American promoter, John Shaheen. It opened in 1976.
Another American businessman with whom Smallwood had close (and equally controversial) ties was John C. Doyle. In 1953 his firm, Canadian Javelin, bought NALCO shares, and acquired mining rights in Labrador. He then went on to establish an iron mining operation at Wabush in the early 1960s, not far from the Iron Ore Company of Canada's site at what was to become Labrador City. Smallwood had always wanted a third paper mill in the province, and Doyle obliged by forming Labrador Linerboard Ltd., which began construction of a heavily-subsidized mill at Stephenville in 1971.
The government understood that if industry was to come to the province, and if its people were to be employed in the sector, then improved educational facilities were vital, as well as roads and air fields. As a result, the government invested heavily in these areas, relying to a considerable extent on federal funds. At the same time, the government encouraged the resettlement of small, isolated communities to that basic services, like education and health, could be more readily provided.
Reviewing the province's record in 1980, the Economic Council of Canada concluded that the "new industries"scheme of the 1950s had been an expensive failure, and with reference to natural resource development, wrote that in many cases, "— the government largely overlooked the concept of economic rent - the fact that natural resources normally have an intrinsic market value over and above the costs of exploiting them. Such rents might have been tapped more carefully for government revenues.... Newfoundland is already left with the fact that benefits in mining and forestry, and in hydro-electric generation, have been foregone." (Economic Council of Canada, 7). In the rush to attract industry and generate jobs, the government had failed to gather the revenues that it might and should have obtained, in spite of sometimes massive subsidization. Much the same applied to large industrial developments such as Long Harbour and Stephenville, where the return on huge government investment seemed to have been limited.
By the time Smallwood left office in 1972, he could point to some dramatic changes in the economy and society of Newfoundland and of Labrador. The population had increased by over 40 percent to 522,000, per capita income by almost 300 percent, and there was no question that the average standard of living had improved significantly. Yet per capita income was only 50 percent of the Canadian average, and there was still a heavy outflow of people to mainland Canada and elsewhere - an average of almost 4,000 a year by the late 1960s - since for all its efforts and expenditures, the government had not been able to create enough jobs to meet the demands of an expanding, youthful population. The unemployment rate remained stubbornly high, and the provincial government reliant on federal transfer payments. In a real sense, the province was still undeveloped.
Article by Jim Hiller with Melanie Martin. ©2006, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site


text:
A Perfect Day In Spring, from Songs For EVERY Spring Assembly, celebrates the fresh beauty of springtime and is great fun to sing! This cheerful song encourages a multi-sensory appreciation of the natural world and energizes the senses.
The feel-good factor of this song goes beyond the joyful lyrics and bright melody. Singing A Perfect Day In Spring also creates a great opportunity for practising mindfulness and gratitude by taking time to notice and appreciate nature. The benefits of this are widely reported: research shows that gratitude reduces anxiety and that cultivating an ongoing attitude of thankfulness can protect and stabilize good mental health in young minds; mindfulness is the intentional act of focussing on the present in a gentle and non-judgemental way, with numerous studies showing that this can help with stress, anxiety and depression. Exercising the senses is a great way of practising mindfulness and makes this concept accessible for children of all ages.
You could use this song to introduce the idea of mindfulness and gratitude, then get the children outside for a multi-sensory exercise. Taking cues from the lyrics, children can be guided through the ways that we can experience spring through our senses:
Start with a simple breathing exercise to calm busy minds and bodies. Ask the children to draw a figure of eight (on its side) slowly with their finger. On the first loop, breathe in; on the second loop, breathe out. Repeat five times.
Ask the children to take three deep breaths and really notice what they can smell. After hearing some of their answers aloud, repeat this exercise and see if they can notice a new scent that someone else has mentioned.
Use a percussion instrument such as a triangle or miniature symbol to indicate the start and end of a time of listening that is an achievable length for the age group you are working with. Find out what the children heard during this time and talk about these sounds.
Ask the children to find a space and look around them for a moment. Can they come up with three things that they can see in nature and describe the colours?
Find some flowers, trees or even grass that the children can touch. Ask them to describe how these things feel – are they rough or smooth, cold or warm, strong or soft? Can they spot a detail that they've never noticed before?
Ask the children to notice how they are feeling after this mindfulness exercise. Can they name one thing they are grateful for?
Pausing to recognize what the senses are experiencing is an exercise that children can do anywhere at any time. It equips them with a powerful tool to combat stress and anxiety – a tool that they can continue using throughout their lives. It teaches them that making time to stop and check in with their bodies, thoughts and feelings is valuable, and that connecting with the natural world around us feels good.
As an expansion activity, children could have a go at these spring-themed painted pebbles. This pebble could become a prop for mindfulness exercises. Holding a pebble provides a tangible item to focus on, bringing attention to the senses, starting with touch. Having the pebbles in the classroom or at home can also act as a physical reminder to practise mindfulness.
Even without these mindfulness exercises, simply singing A Perfect Day In Spring combines the stress-busting power of gratitude, the mood-boosting effects of nature and the feel-good factor of singing together, releasing endorphins that are sure to lift the spirits of children and adults alike!Find out more about our Songs For EVERY Spring Assembly here.
Keep up to date with all the latest from Out of the Ark Music by signing up to our eNewsletter and subscribing to our blog here.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


iptables - Rate-limit incoming connections
Using "recent" match option in iptables we can match recent connections, and perform simple throttling operation on incoming connections i.e. we can create simple firewall rules which will deny access from remote clients who attempt to connect "too many" times.
"recent" dynamically creates a list of IP addresses and then match against that list. The functionality of "recent" match option is simple, a list of IP addresses are created dynamically, which can be used in the future to test connection attempts against.
NOTE: CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_RECENT flag should be enabled in Linux Kernel to use "recent" option.
Following 2 rules will limit incoming connections to destination port 22 not more than 3 in a minute and more than that will be dropped:
-m recent --set
-m recent --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 3 -j DROP
"--state NEW" – To make sure that only new connections are managed.
The second rule is where the actual magic happens.
"—update" flag tests whether the source IP address is in the list of recent connections, in our case each new tcp connection to destination port 22 will be in the list because we used the "--set" flag to add it in the preceeding rule.
"--seconds" flag is used to make sure that the source IP address is only going to match if the last connection was within the timeframe given.
"--hitcount" flag matches only if the given count of connection attempts is greater than or equal to the number given.
The second rule will DROP an incoming connection if:
 - The IP address has sent more than 3 packets in total.
Let use see another example where we try to limit ICMP echo requests to not more than 30 in a minute:
iptables -I INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request \
-m recent --set
-m recent --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 30 -j DROP
In above rules we dont use "--state NEW" since it is not needed in rate limiting number of ICMP echo requests.
NOTE: In the above rules we are trying to automatically limit number of connections from each user. So it is something like 3 attempts from each user in 1 minute.
What if we want to limit number of certain packets from all users? Then "limit" match option comes to rescue.
"limit" option specifies the maximum average number of matches to allow per second. We can specify time intervals in the format /second, /minute, /hour, or /day, or you can use abbreviations so that 3/second is the same as 3/s.
NOTE: CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LIMIT flag should be enabled in Linux Kernel to use "limit" option.
Let us see how to limit number of ICMP echo requests not more than 3 per second and drop rest of them.
-m limit!--limit 3/s -j ACCEPT
When tuned correctly, this feature allows us to filter unusually high volumes of traffic that characterize denial of service (DOS) attacks and Internet worms.
But take care: When tuned incorrectly, this feature does the opposite: Helping any attacker in denial of service attacks. Instead of having to initiate enough connections to bring the whole server down, it then may be sufficient to just start enough connections to activate the firewall rules.
1. Debian Administration
2. man iptables
 1. how do i enable the CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_RECENT flag on linux kernel? can i use this limit connections on port 80 as well?
 2. on centos you can look in a config file in /boot.
 you may have to add this and set it to "y"
Your comments are moderated


Understanding Conversion Disorder And Hysterical Blindness As Seen In Kriti Garg's Raahu
In Subbu Veddula's Raahu, the protagonist played by Kriti Garg suffers from conversion disorder. We dug deeper to know about it.
A still from Raahu trailer
Debutant director Subbu Veddula's thriller film, Raahu features Kriti Garg and Aberaam Varma. The film incorporates many concepts that we are familiar with, like an eclipse. He also incorporates newer ideas like conversion disorder and hysterical blindness into the plot seamlessly. The protagonist of the film finds out that her stress levels escalate upon seeing blood. And this escalation causes her to become temporarily blind. Let's dig a little deeper into this phenomenon.
Watch the trailer of Raahu here:
Conversion disorder is a border term which acts as an umbrella for several conditions. These conditions include hysterical blindness, paralysis, seizures, hallucination, etc. What sets them apart from the regular medical conditions is the fact that they occur without permanent damage to our nervous system. These events occur in a fraction, and then our body quickly slips into its normalcy again. Which is why Bhanu could recover from her blindness in a few moments.
A Still from Raahu Trailer
Bhanu in Raahu
Despite being advanced with our technologies, there has been no concrete reason or cause behind conversion disorder. Some believe that these events are the body's way of suppressing physical or psychological stressors. And others also feel that these events occur from a trigger of the same physical or psychological stressors. While it may sound scary, it is proven that no single gene is responsible for such behaviour. And is not inheritable.
Bhanu in Raahu
Bhanu in Raahu
Counselling, psychotherapy, hypnosis, physical therapy, occupational therapy are some of the more common ways to treat conversion disorder. The symptoms can be noticed in people as early as their adolescent stages. So, you might want to track your patterns and stay safe.
You can watch the full film on ZEE5, streaming now.


Definitions for scalper
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word scalper
Princeton's WordNetRate this definition:(0.00 / 0 votes)
 1. scalper(noun)
 "he got theater tickets through a scalper"
WiktionaryRate this definition:(0.00 / 0 votes)
 1. scalper(Noun)
 One who scalps tickets to popular entertainment events: buying them in advance and then selling them (e.g. online or just outside the venue of the event), often at inflated prices
 We could see three different scalpers moving through the crowd outside the arena, each muttering the characteristic refrain: u201CNeed any tickets?u201D
 2. scalper(Noun)
 A person on an open outcry exchange trading floor who buys and sells rapidly for his or her own account, aiming to buy from a seller and a little later sell to a buyer, making a small profit from the difference (roughly the amount of the bid/offer spread, or less).
Webster DictionaryRate this definition:(0.00 / 0 votes)
 1. Scalper(noun)
 one who, or that which, scalps
 2. Scalper(noun)
 same as Scalping iron, under Scalping
 3. Scalper(noun)
 a broker who, dealing on his own account, tries to get a small and quick profit from slight fluctuations of the market
 4. Scalper(noun)
 a person who buys and sells the unused parts of railroad tickets
 5. Scalper(noun)
 a person who buys tickets for entertainment or sports events and sells them at a profit, often at a much higher price. Also, ticket scalper
FreebaseRate this definition:(0.00 / 0 votes)
 1. Scalper
 Scalper, is a London-bred rapper, producer and songwriter of Pakistani descent, who is now based in Auckland, New Zealand.
Anagrams of scalper »
 1. carpels
 2. parcels
 3. clasper
 4. reclasp
 5. placers
Translations for scalper
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oldest words
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"Who you two? I five … "
And with this, a five year old catapulted back in time, say 10,000 years in West Asia or Southern Europe, encountering two people, would make perfectly intelligible sentence that wold be understood by all. Assuming all the people who were listening were at least reasonably savvy about language and a little patient. This is because…


J3/02-232r1 To: J3/INTERP Subject: Interpretation request on STAT= variable requirements in ALLOCATE From: Malcolm Cohen. Date: 2002-08-13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER: 000099 TITLE: STAT= variable requirements in ALLOCATE KEYWORDS: ALLOCATE, STAT= DEFECT TYPE: STATUS: J3 consideration in progress QUESTION: [79:40-41] says "The shall not appear in a bound in the same ALLOCATE statement." This requirement appears, on the face of it, to apply to the syntax, not to whichever actual variable is identified by the syntax. Question 1: Given INTEGER :: A(10) = (/ (i,i=1,10) /) POINTER P(:) READ *,I,J ALLOCATE(P(A(I)),STAT=A(J)) Is the ALLOCATE standard-conforming, or does it depend on the relative values of I and J? From the quoted text, it would appear that it is always conforming, even when I==J. Question 2: Similarly, given: EQUIVALENCE(I,J) POINTER P(:) I = 5 ALLOCATE(P(I),STAT=J) is the ALLOCATE conforming? Question 3: Similarly, given: POINTER P(:) INTRINSIC DIGITS I = 5 ALLOCATE(P(DIGITS(I)),STAT=I) is the ALLOCATE conforming? From the quoted text, it would appear not to be conforming, despite the non-dependence of the array bound on the value of the STAT= variable. ANSWER: The intent was that the restriction should apply to the actual variable being used for the STAT= variable, not to the syntax. Thus, (1) The ALLOCATE statement is only standard-conforming if I and J are not equal. (2) The ALLOCATE statement is not standard-conforming. (3) The ALLOCATE statement is standard-conforming. Edits to the standard are supplied to clarify this. EDITS: [79:40-41] Delete "The... statement." [80:6] Append to paragraph "No array bound in an ALLOCATE statement shall depend on the value of the." SUBMITTED BY: Malcolm Cohen. HISTORY: 02-232 m162 Submitted 02-232r1 m162 Revised, passed by J3 meeting. ----------------------------------------------------------------------


in this way: host$ virsh start --console vsockguest ncat like It's possible to use socat like ncat, transferring stdin and stdout via VSOCK. Guest listening In this example we start socat in the guest listening on port 1234: guest$ socat - VSOCK-LISTEN:1234 Then we connect from the host using the CID 42 assigned to the VM: host$ socat - VSOCK-CONNECT:42:1234 At this point we can exchange characters between guest and host, since stdin and stdout are linked through the VSOCK socket. Host listening In this example we do the opposite, starting socat in the host listening on port 1234: host$ socat - VSOCK-LISTEN:1234 Then, in the guest, we connect to the host using the well defined CID 2. It's always used to reach the host: guest$ socat - VSOCK-CONNECT:2:1234 ssh over VSOCK The coolest feature of socat is to concatenate sockets of different address families, so in this example we redirect ssh traffic through VSOCK socket exposed by the VM. This example could be useful if the VM doesn't have any NIC attached and we want to provide some network connectivity, like the ssh access. First of all, in the guest we start socat linking the VSOCK socket listening on port 22, to a TCP socket which will connect to the local TCP port 22 where the ssh server is listening: guest$ socat VSOCK-LISTEN:22,reuseaddr,fork TCP:localhost:22 On the host we link a TCP socket listening on a port of our choice (e.g. 4321) to the guest port 22 just opened using VSOCK: host$ socat TCP4-LISTEN:4321,reuseaddr,fork VSOCK-CONNECT:42:22 Finally from the host we can connect to the guest using ssh on the local port 4321, where socat is listening: host$ ssh -p 4321 root@localhost socat redirects all the traffic between the sockets and allow us to use ssh over VSOCK to reach the guest. Fri, 22 Jan 2021 14:16:04 +0000 (Stefano Garzarella) QEMU project: Configuring virtio-blk and virtio-scsi Devices The previous article in this series introduced QEMU storage concepts. Now we move on to look at the two most popular emulated storage controllers for virtualization: virtio-blk and virtio-scsi. This post provides recommendations for configuring virtio-blk and virtio-scsi and how to choose between the two devices. The recommendations provide good performance in a wide range of use cases and are suitable as default settings in tools that use QEMU. Virtio storage devices Key points Prefer virtio storage devices over other emulated storage controllers. Use the latest virtio drivers. Virtio devices are recommended over other emulated storage controllers as they are generally the most performant and fully-featured storage controllers in QEMU. Unlike emulations of hardware storage controllers, virtio-blk and virtio-scsi are specifically designed and optimized for virtualization. The details of how they work are published for driver and device implementors in the VIRTIO specification. Virtio drivers are available for Linux, Windows, and other operating systems. Installing the latest version is recommended for the latest bug fixes and performance enhancements. If virtio drivers are not available, the AHCI (SATA) device is widely supported by modern x86 operating systems and can be used as a fallback. On non-x86 guests the default storage controller can be used as a fallback. Comparing virtio-blk and virtio-scsi Key points Prefer virtio-blk in performance-critical use cases. Prefer virtio-scsi for attaching more than 28 disks or for full SCSI support. With virtio-scsi, use scsi-block for SCSI passthrough and otherwise use scsi-hd. Two virtio storage controllers are available: virtio-blk and virtio-scsi. virtio-blk The virtio-blk device presents a block device to the virtual machine. Each virtio-blk device appears as a disk inside the guest. virtio-blk was available before virtio-scsi and is the most widely deployed virtio storage controller. The virtio-blk device offers high performance thanks to a thin software stack and is therefore a good choice when performance is a priority. It does not support non-disk devices such as CD-ROM drives. CD-ROMs and in general any application that sends SCSI commands are better served by the virtio-scsi device, which has full SCSI support. SCSI passthrough was removed from the Linux virtio-blk driver in v5.6 in favor of using virtio-scsi. Virtual machines that require access to many disks can hit limits based on availability of PCI slots, which are under contention with other devices exposed to the guest, such as NICs. For example a typical i440fx machine type default configuration allows for about 28 disks. It is possible to use multi-function devices to pack multiple virtio-blk devices into a single PCI slot at the cost of losing hotplug support, or additional PCI busses can be defined. Generally though it is simpler to use a single virtio-scsi PCI adapter instead. virtio-scsi The virtio-scsi device presents a SCSI Host Bus Adapter to the virtual machine. SCSI offers a richer command set than virtio-blk and supports more use cases. Each device supports up to 16,383 LUNs (disks) per target and up to 255 targets. This allows a single virtio-scsi device to handle all disks in a virtual machine, although defining more virtio-scsi devices makes it possible to tune for NUMA topology as we will see in a later blog post. Emulated LUNs can be exposed as hard disk drives or CD-ROMs. Physical SCSI devices can be passed through into the virtual machine, including CD-ROM drives, tapes, and other devices besides hard disk drives. Clustering software that uses SCSI Persistent Reservations is supported by virtio-scsi, but not by virtio-blk. Performance of virtio-scsi may be lower than virtio-blk due to a thicker software stack, but in many use cases, this is not a significant factor. The following graph compares 4KB random read performance at various queue depths:


How To Scatter Ashes
While you can choose to scatter cremated remains however you like, there are a few traditional ways that might appeal to you or inspire you.
Casting Ashes Or Scattering Ashes
Casting or scattering ashes is what most people think of when they think of scattering: throwing the ashes into the wind. Casting ashes can be done in nearly any location.
If you're considering casting or scattering ashes, be aware that cremated remains are much heavier than what most people think of as "ashes." This means that, while some of the remains may float away in the air, some of the remains may simply fall to the ground. Because some of the remains will become airborne, it's a good idea to have any guests stand upwind, so they don't accidentally get in the ashes' path.
At a casting or scattering, one person can be responsible for scattering the ashes, or everyone present can have a portion of ashes that they scatter.
Trenching Ashes
When ashes are "trenched," a small trench (a long, narrow hole) is dug in the ground, and the ashes are placed in the hole. The trench can then be covered with soil. You can also place the cremated remains in a biodegradable urn and place the urn in the trench. If you'd like, you can mark the place with natural elements (such as plantings or special stones), a small statue, or other objects.
Trenching can also take place on a beach. You can dig a shallow trench in the sand near the water's edge and fill the trench with the cremated remains. You can leave the ashes uncovered in the trench, or you can cover them with sand. As the tide comes in, the ashes will be swept out to sea. If you're thinking about trenching ashes on the beach, you might want to check the tidal schedule to make sure that you're at the beach when the tide is coming in. (If the tide is going out, the water will not come up to reach the trench.)
Raking Ashes
Raking ashes is the process of scattering ashes in a garden or in the soil and then using a rake (such as a garden rake) to incorporate the cremated remains into the earth. Raking can be done in a garden at your home, at a meaningful spot or on a meaningful piece of land, or in another location.
At a raking, one person can be responsible for raking the ashes, or everyone present can take turns raking the ashes into the soil.
If you're thinking about raking ashes in a public place, such as in a park, make sure that you have the legal right to do so in that place.
Scattering Over Water
Ashes can be scattered over water in a number of ways. You can scatter ashes over a river, a lake, a pond, or the ocean. If you'll be scattering the ashes over a large body of water, you might want to take a boat out onto the water and scatter the ashes from the boat. If you don't own a boat or have access to a boat, there are many companies that can either rent you a boat or can scatter the ashes over water on your behalf.
You can scatter the ashes over water as you would when casting or scattering ashes over land, by simply tossing the ashes over the water. If you're thinking about doing this, be aware of the direction of the wind; make sure that the wind is blowing away from the boat and anyone on the boat.
You can also scatter ashes over water using a water-soluble "scattering urn." With a water-soluble scattering urn, the cremated remains are placed in the urn and then the urn is dropped in the water, where it will dissolve, leaving the ashes in the water.
Funeral Planning


text:
Navigating the social world is often a challenge for the students we support. We believe this is a challenge that each of our students can learn to overcome. Black Mountain Academy is a safe place to build friendship, work through social difficulty, and grow relationally.
Through supportive coaching, self-reflection, practice, and authentic social experiences we help students develop greater confidence and competence to manage the complexities of the social world. Our approach is to foster our students' inherent relational strengths while also guiding them at moments where they may become lost or overwhelmed in a relationship.
Research suggests that the more exposure one can have in a range of novel contexts, the greater the likelihood of generalizability back into different domains of life. Coaching, consistency, predictability, and routine help form the basis for self-regulation and greater self-awareness. As our students better understand themselves, they are able to set and achieve goals that improve their social lives and personal fulfillment.
Integrating Social Skills:
- In the moment social coaching
- Supportive peer, staff, and therapist feedback
- Formal social skills lessons
- Role Modeling from staff and peers
- Intentional social dialogue
- Practice and refinement
- Co-regulation training
- Emotional communication and self-regulation skills training
- Mindfulness practices aimed at increasing self-awareness
- Exercises to improve self-reflection


text:
|We have collected a compendium of 50 experimentally determined miRNA taregt genes (22 independent studies, 41 unique miRNAs) from transcriptome profiles where the expression of a miRNA was perturbed and the resultnant differentially expressed genes were identified. The miRNAs perturbed include:
We used this compendium to assess the performance of methods to infer miRNA mediated regulation. The compendium can be donwloaded as a comma separated file (CSV) file:
The CSV file contians 5,129 entries with three columns:
This file is provided in the CSV format to facilitate the use of Microsoft Excel or a comparable spreadsheet application to sort and filter the entries.
- miRNA - the perturbed miRNA name.
- PMID - the PubMed ID for the publication describing the exeriment.
- Entrez Gene ID - the NCBI Entrez Gene identifier for the gene experimentally demonstrated to be regulated by the miRNA.


text:
Effective Time Management
June 25, 2020 - 4:00 P.M. CDT
Laura Ann Hatch, MS, FAADOM
Following this session, the attendee should be able to:
- Identify the why and the purpose of time management in the dental practice.
- Recognize the importance of morning huddles and meetings.
- Describe the keys and Identify the barriers to effective time management.
Understanding the why and the purpose behind time management is the first step to keeping your practice organized and efficient. Learning and implementing good time management skills can increase practice productivity and helps to create a productive and positive work environment. A practice that is well organized and team members that balance their time well, will have better communication among the team and work more efficiently. Having time management and organization skills are key to creating an environment that team members thrive and patients appreciate, allowing for a less stressful work environment the ability to offer the best care for patients.
Biography: Laura Hatch, MS, FAADOM is known internationally as the Leader in Dental Front Office Solutions and Training. A keynote speaker, author, and coach, Laura is best known as the founder of Front Office Rocks™, a virtual training platform for dental teams. Laura is a best-selling author of her book "Step Away from the Drill", a member of the NSA, SCN, ADMC, a Fellow of the AADOM & was named one of DPR's Top 25 Women in Dentistry.


text:
Objective: To identify collaborative instances and hindrances and to produce a model of collaborative practice.
Methods: A 12 month (2005–6) mixed methods clinical case study in a large UK ambulance trust. Collaboration was measured through direct observational ratings of communication skills, teamwork and leadership with 24 multiprofessional emergency care practitioners (ECPs); interviews with 45 ECPs and stakeholders; and an audit of 611 patients.
Results: Quantitative observational ratings indicated that the higher the leadership rating the greater the communication ability (p⩽0.001) and teamwork (p⩽0.001), and the higher grade ECPs were rated more highly on their leadership performance. From the patient audit, influences and outputs of collaborative practice are revealed: mean time on scene was 47 mins; 62% were not conveyed; 38% were referred, mainly to accident and emergency; ECPs claimed to make the referral decision in 87% of cases with a successful referral in 96% of cases; and in 66% of cases ECPs claimed that their intervention prevented an acute trust admission. The qualitative interview findings, final collaborative model and recommendations are reported in another paper.
Conclusions: The collaborative performance of ECPs varies, but the ECPs' role does appear to have an impact on collaborative practices and patient care. Final recommendations are reported with the qualitative results elsewhere.
- CCQ, Communication Competence Questionnaire
- ETD, Emergency Team Dynamics
- ECP, emergency care practitioner
- LBDQ, Leadership Behaviour Description Questionnaire
- WAST, Westcountry Ambulance Service NHS Trust
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Funding: Burdett Trust for Nursing
Competing interests: None


text: I dont think anyone in class understands it, we went over it so quick. The only thing I seem to get is that uv - (integral) vdu = (integral) udv. You are supposed to assign u, v, dv and du, but how do you know which is u and which is v? What is the difference between du and dv? Are you integrating the variable in front of du and integrating the unit in front of dv? How do you know which is which? Why does dv sometimes have one of the variables in it and sometimes another? Beyond that there seem to be so many exceptions and substitutions that I can't begin to get a good handle on it. Is there a website that has basic info for lost people like me?


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Camera industry in Dresden
Camera distributors in Dresden
Camera industry in Freital
Beier | Pouva | Thowe | Welta
KW is a German manufacturer, founded in 1919 by Paul Guthe and Benno Thorsch. KW stands for Kamera Werkstätten Guthe & Thorsch.
The company was successor of the camera factory Guthe had founded in 1915. The innovative, compact Patent Etui cameras were introduced in 1920 and continued in production until 1938. The case - or Etui - of these cameras was slim enough to allow them to be slipped into a pocket.
In 1931 KW introduced the Pilot: the first TLR for 3x4cm negatives on 127 film. This was followed in 1932 by the Pilot Box: a 6x9cm 120 roll-film SLR; then in 1936 the Pilot 6, a 6x6cm 120 SLR[1].
In 1937 Paul Guthe emigrated to Switzerland; as a Jew he no longer felt safe in Germany. Benno Thorsch emigrated to the USA in 1938, for the same reason. Benno had already met Charles A. Noble of Detroit (who was of German origin) while Noble was on a visit to Germany[2]. Thorsch had suggested selling KW in exchange for Charles' Detroit Photographic business.
The sale went ahead and Charles moved to Germany with his family. Charles soon realised that the company's future was in making 35mm SLR cameras.
The new company Kamera-Werkstaetten Charles A. Noble is mostly known for the Praktiflex 35mm SLR, developed by Benno Thorsch and Alois Hoheisel. The company moved to a larger factory building in the Bismarckstrasse and launched the new camera in 1939, that became the Praktica after the war.
KW was situated in the Eastern part of Germany, in the suburb of Niedersedlitz, in Dresden, the centre of German photo-optical manufacture. It was nationalised in 1945 by the East German post-war Soviet controlled regime. Charles A. Noble and his 23 year old son Henry H. Noble were arrested and imprisoned later they were sent to a Soviet Special prison, formerly Buchenwald, Charles was released in 1952 and returned to the USA, but in 1950 John was sentenced to 15 years in a Soviet work camp in Siberia and was only released after President Eisenhower's personal intervention in 1955.
The company launched the innovative Praktina in 1952, and was renamed as Kamera Werk Niedersedlitz. In 1956 it launched the Praktisix 6x6 SLR and took over the production of Zeiss Ikon's Contax F/Pentacon F.
In 1959 it was merged with the East German part of Zeiss Ikon into VEB Kameraund Kinowerke. In 1964 the merged company became VEB Pentacon, while continuing the production of Praktica models.
After the reunification of Germany in 1990 John H. Noble tried to get back the factory and camera brand. He got back his father's old factory in the Bismarckstrasse and named it Kamera Werk Dresden. Today it makes the Noblex panorama cameras, carrying on the Noble name. John H. Noble died on the 17th November 2007.
The Praktica brand stayed in the hands of Pentacon, used for the last Praktica SLRs up until 2001, and for OEM-made compact cameras and compact digicams which are produced in East Asia.
35mm film cameras
See Praktica
Contax F
120 film cameras
See Pentacon.
127 film cameras
Plate cameras
 1. The first model of the Pilot 6 had a fixed lens, and from 1938 onwards it had interchangeable lenses.
 2. A devout Christian, Charles A. Noble had worked as a missionary in the USA before settling in Detroit, Michigan, after the birth of his son John in 1923. He had later taken over an ailing photo-finishing business that his wife worked for and turned it around into one of the largest in the USA.
In English:
In French:
In German:
Personal tools


text:
By default SSHD will try to resolve the DNS name for any clients that are connecting. You'll notice that it hangs for a bit while its connecting. While could be many things, more often than not its caused by DNS. This is because SSHD looks up the reverse DNS entries of any connection clients in order to improve its logging. If your SSH server runs in an environment where the connecting client might not have a DNS name, or the DNS server is slow to respond you will want to disable this lookup.
In this article we present a practical use of strace. shred is a tool used to securely delete files by overwriting them with random data several times. The theory is that when erasing files normally a ghost of the data is left behind. Overwriting the file several times is supposed to clear this ghost, and render the file unrecoverable. Of course today we have logging filesystems, SSDs and backup systems that all may retain data of the file, so shred is not that useful.
strace is a utility available on Linux that allows you to display all of the calls between a userspace program and the kernel, called system calls. System calls are used by userspace applications when they need to do something that requires the kernel. This covers pretty much and data entering or leaving the application, requests for more memory, libraries getting loaded, and more. strace is similar to other utilities from other systems such as ktrace on BSD/OSX and truss on Solaris/FreeBSD.
When there are a lot of paths, URLs or other strings to keep track of in a role it can get really messy. Especially if the some of them contain variables and are used in multiple places. Often to make roles easier to work with, I place a task at the tops of the role that calculates the variables so that they can easily be referred to later. It important to note that the set_fact role can set multiple facts at the same time.
This pattern is used to provide a quick way to include multiple roles at once. For example if you have a group of things that every server needs, you could use a meta role to include those things with one line. So lets say you have three roles for every machine named users, ssh and logs_to_syslog_server. You can include them all by making a role named common. In that common role you make a file named meta/main.
Often in Ansible I find myself needing to download an artifact. Whether it is a piece of software from GitHub or a build of some internal application that needs to be installed. One thing that is often important in these cases is speed of rollback. If something goes wrong with a new version I want the rollback to be fast, and preferable using preexisting files, and not downloading everything again.


text:
Research Tips and Resources
Step One: Collect Background Information
Do your homework! Nothing is more disappointing than to come to the Hebrides looking for ancestors and relatives, only to find that necessary information is lacking - and available at home!
Before you turn to research resources in the Hebrides, try to establish for a fact that your ancestors came from the islands. The obvious requirement is to know the name of the original emigrant (your ancestor that was born in the Hebrides but emigrated from the islands to the mainland or overseas.) If this is John MacDonald or Donald MacLeod, it is not very helpful - there are far so many people of these names on the islands! If the emigrant was married before leaving the Hebrides, a note of the spouse's name makes success in identification much more likely. It can also be helpful to have the names of the first generation of children, in order to try to establish a family naming pattern.
It can be very useful to know where the emigrant settled first after leaving the Hebrides. There are definite patterns in emigration, so in Cape Breton, for example, settlement in Mira or Gabarus suggests a North Uist origin, while settlement in Iona or Christmas Island makes a Barra origin almost certain.
Dates can also be useful, even if only approximate - dates of birth, or marriage, or of emigration can all help to isolate a particular person among others of the same name. Church allegiance, if known, can also be useful, since Lewis, Harris and North Uist were Protestant and South Uist and Barra Roman Catholic.
Step Two: Make Use of Research Resources in Scotland and in the Islands
Having amassed as much background information as possible, what should you do next? You may like to call in to General Register House in Edinburgh, or visit theorigins.net site on the Web, or perhaps browse through the microfiche IGI (International Genealogical Index) compiled by the Church of Latter Day Saints. However, there is a problem with island families - all these sources are compilations of information from written registers - Civil Registers post-1855 and Old Parochial Registers (OPR) prior to that date - but in the Hebrides the OPR can be very late in commencing and poor in coverage. The fact that there is only one John Morrison recorded in a given year does not mean that there were not many more unrecorded!
The census returns post-1851 give full information on households and the parish of birth of members, but it has to be remembered that this information is only as accurate as the information given to the census-taker, and can be very approximate, especially with regard to ages. There is an earlier census in 1841, but it gives much less information, and is more useful as a check than as a source.
Of course, if there are birth, marriage or death certificates available, these are the most useful data of all, though even these can be wrong in a surprising number of cases, especially in the earlier years!
For more recent emigrants, a note of the village of origin, or even better, a croft address, will make identification almost certain.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Goqlath Castle was an ancient structure in Kol'Vat, which was the site of a famous Klingon battle. According to legend, the hero, Krim, slit the throats of the castle guards and led his forces into the fortress and captured it. Some believe it was in the stories of Goqlath Castle that the saying "four thousand throats may be cut in a single night by a running man" originated, though scholars believed the saying predated the conflict, and also that Goqlath Castle was not large enough to accomodate 40,000.
Goqlath Castle is also the name of a Klingon opera which relates the story of this battle. The opera is traditionally attributed to Emperor Sompek, and included the song "The Campaign at Kol'Vat". (TNG novel: Diplomatic Implausibility; KE novel: A Burning House)
the planet Qo'noS
landmarks and institutions Combat Testing CenterDu'HurghFederation Embassy on Qo'noSFlame Cliffs of KutabiGoqlath CastleGreat Domes of Qo'noSGreat HallHall of HeroesHall of HonorKilgore Landing BayKlingon Defense Force Command HeadquartersLukara EdificeMuseum of Military Triumph and ConquestOrion outpostPalace of KahlessPlace of HonorTactical CollegeTaklar TempleTemple of MolgarTemple of RogaxTengchaH JavThree Turn BridgeTlhIng Veng laboratoryR'kalla SquareVulcan Cuisine
nations and provinces KethaKhlaruMekro'vak


text:
Founded in 1660, the Granary is the third oldest burying ground in Boston proper. In 1737, when grain was stored where the present Park Street Church stands, the burying ground was renamed the Granary. Along with Massachussetts Governors, Clergymen, and Mayors, three signers of the Declaration of Independence, Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Robert Treat Paine, are buried here.
Approximately 5000 people are buried at Granary even though there are only 2300 headstones. Since funerals were expensive, there would be one headstone per family. Each grave contains at least 20 bodies.
|Hours||Daily 9AM - 5PM|
|Tours||Self-Guided; or provided by the Freedom Trail Foundation|
|Notes||More Information via the Freedom Trail Foundation|
|Attribution||Content provided by the Freedom Trail Foundation|


text:
A three-level series for young learners of English which is based on the syllabus of the Cambridge Young Learners English tests. There is an emphasis on speaking and listening, with reading and writing introduced in natural progression.
Delta Young Learners English is an activity based course for young learners of English in the 7 to 13 age range. Based on the syllabus of the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests, it is designed to ensure successful learning in children preparing for the tests.
Mighty Movers is an activity-based course suitable for 9 to 11 year olds.
Further class practice, home or individual work,
Games, puzzles and other practical activities,
Includes activities reflecting the YLE Tests,
Self assessment check in each unit.


text:
Source: Dang TD, Tang M, Choo S, et al Increasing the accuracy of peanut allergy diagnosis by using Ara h 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(4):_PHONE_; doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.056. See AAP Grand Rounds commentary by Dr. Sai Nimmagadda (subscription required).
Question: Among infants, does Ara h 2 antigen testing accurately diagnose peanut allergy?
Question type: Diagnosis
Study design: Randomized controlled
I just finished a handful of peanuts (roasted, unsalted of course) and count myself among the lucky folks who don't have peanut allergy. For those that might have allergy, diagnosis has long been plagued by lack of an easy, accurate means of diagnosis. The gold standard is an oral food challenge (OFC), but this is a costly and prolonged process that carries a risk of anaphylaxis. This study of 200 children, half with OFC-positive peanut allergy and half without, found that measurement of serum Ara h 2-specific IgE antibody was better than measurement of serum whole peanut-specific IgE antibody (sIgE). When cutoff values were set for equal specificities of 98% for both assays, the Ara h 2 antibody was 60% sensitive (95% CI 50-70%), compared to 26% (18-36%) for the sIgE. That's an improvement, but very far from what is needed to replace OFC. A screening test for a serious illness needs to achieve high sensitivity, to avoid missing any cases, accepting a few more false positive results as a tradeoff.
As noted by Dr. Nimmagadda in his commentary, Ara h 2 is the predominant peanut allergen in Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia, but Ara h 9 predominates in Spain. It's clearly not a simple problem to be solved.
On a final note, this study was performed by the HealthNuts study group in Australia. Normally I'm a bit nonplussed with cute names for study groups, but this one seems to hit an appropriate, nice tone.


Main Content
Bootstrapping a Default Probability Curve
This example shows how to bootstrap default probabilities from CDS market quotes. To bootstrap default probabilities from bond market data, see bondDefaultBootstrap. In a typical workflow, pricing a new CDS contract involves first estimating a default probability term structure using cdsbootstrap. This requires market quotes of existing CDS contracts, or quotes of CDS indices (e.g., iTraxx). The estimated default probability curve is then used as input to cdsspread or cdsprice. If the default probability information is already known, cdsbootstrap can be bypassed and cdsspread or cdsprice can be called directly.
The market information in this example is provided in the form of running spreads of CDS contracts maturing on the CDS standard payment dates closest to 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years from the valuation date.
Settle = '17-Jul-2009'; % valuation date for the CDS
MarketDates = datenum({'20-Sep-10','20-Sep-11','20-Sep-12','20-Sep-14',...
MarketSpreads = [140 175 210 265 310]';
MarketData = [MarketDates MarketSpreads];
ZeroDates = datenum({'17-Jan-10','17-Jul-10','17-Jul-11','17-Jul-12',...
ZeroRates = [1.35 1.43 1.9 2.47 2.936 3.311]'/100;
ZeroData = [ZeroDates ZeroRates];
[ProbData,HazData] = cdsbootstrap(ZeroData,MarketData,Settle);
The bootstrapped default probability curve is plotted against time, in years, from the valuation date.
ProbTimes = yearfrac(Settle,ProbData(:,1));
plot([0; ProbTimes],[0; ProbData(:,2)])
grid on
axis([0 ProbTimes(end,1) 0 ProbData(end,2)])
xlabel('Time (years)')
ylabel('Cumulative Default Probability')
title('Bootstrapped Default Probability Curve')
The associated hazard rates are returned as an optional output. The convention is that the first hazard rate applies from the settlement date to the first market date, the second hazard rate from the first to the second market date, and so on, and the last hazard rate applies from the second-to-last market date onwards. The following plot displays the bootstrapped hazard rates, plotted against time, in years, from the valuation date:
HazTimes = yearfrac(Settle,HazData(:,1));
stairs([0; HazTimes(1:end-1,1); HazTimes(end,1)+1],...
grid on
axis([0 HazTimes(end,1)+1 0.9*HazData(1,2) 1.1*HazData(end,2)])
xlabel('Time (years)')
ylabel('Hazard Rate')
title('Bootstrapped Hazard Rates')
See Also
| | | |
Related Topics


text:
Once again we bring to you a new 3D scale model of a space exploration related object. Our most recent creation is the famous Ariane 5, ESA's most powerful rocket currently in service. The model not only has fine details but it's also detachable into the different stages.
There are different types of Ariane 5 rockets, for this project we have chosen to recreate Ariane 5 ECA:
Arianespace's Ariane 5 ECA is the world reference for heavy-lift launch vehicles. It has a GTO (Geostationary Transfer Orbit) launch capacity of 9.1 tons for dual payloads or 9.6 tons for a single payload. Ariane 5 ECA rockets have accumulated 64 launches with one single failure (the first one), yielding an incredicle success rate. They were used in iconic missions such as Herschel and Plank, making it one of the most famous launch vehicles ever.
Their main structure is the following:
Solid boosters (EAP): Attached to the sides of the EPC are two solid rocket boosters. Each one contains about 240 tons of solid propellant, a mix of ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) (68%), aluminum fuel (18%) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) (14%). The Solid Propellant Motor (MPS) burns out the fuel in about two minutes, supplying a lift-off boost of 7,080 kilonewtons (in vacuum). After they run out of fuel, they separate from the main structure and are usually allowed to sink to the bottom of the ocean, however they can be recovered with parachutes for post-flight analysis. (Boosters are never reused.)
Cryogenic Main Core Stage (EPC): The EPC is the biggest stage of Ariane 5 ECA. It has two main components: A huge 24 metres high tank with two fuel compartments, one for liquid oxygen (LOX) and one for liquid hydrogen (LH2); and an improved Vulcan II engine at the base that burns the 170 tons of fuel in no more than 9 minutes, providing a thrust of 1,390 kilonewtons (in vacuum). Once the boosters separate (about two minutes after lift-off) the EPC is the only thrust source. After the main cryogenic stage runs out of fuel, it can re-enter the atmosphere too, for an ocean splashdown.
Cryogenic Upper Stage: The Cryogenic Upper Stage is on top of the main stage and below the payload. In this stage a HM7B engine is fueled by 14 tons of liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) mixture, providing a final thrust once both the EAP and EPC run out of fuel.
Fairing: On top of everything, after the four engines and tons of fuel, is the fairing. The fairing is used for aerodynamic stability and protection from heating, it covers the top of the second stage and the payload. Once sufficient altitude has been reached (typically above 100 km) the fairing as no more use and is jettisoned.
Our model of the Ariane 5 ECA is precise and detachable, the four main structures are recreated in detail and can be separated from the rocket to examine them. Moreover we offer the possibility of adding satellite scale models as payload, for example, Plank and Herschel.
Bigger Images © Arianespace


Modulation of the trigeminofacial pathway during syllabic speech
Meredith Estep, Steven M. Barlow
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
10 Scopus citations
The human orofacial system is richly endowed with low-threshold, slowly adapting mechanoreceptors that respond to self-generated movements and external loads. The functional linkage between these afferents and the recruitment of motor units in the lower face during the dynamics of speech is unknown. Mechanically evoked activity in the orbicularis oris muscles was studied in young human female adults (N = 10) during a lip force recruitment task associated with the repetition of the nonsense speech utterance "ah-wah." This speech task involved the recruitment of perioral motor units against an elastic load. A skin contactor probe coupled to a servo-controlled linear motor delivered punctate ipsilateral mechanical inputs (25 ms duration, 1800 μm displacement) to the glabrous surface of the upper lip in order to index the modulation and specificity of the compound trigeminofacial response as a function of speech force recruitment threshold (Ft). Modulation of the early (Ft = 0.2 N) and later (Ft = 1.0 N) components of the evoked perioral response was found at the two force thresholds. Beginning at approximately 60 ms post-stimulus, a significant suppression response was found among lower lip EMG recording sites and its magnitude was greatest when the mechanical perturbation occurred during the early phase of lip force recruitment. Variation in the lip force trajectories was manifest by a greater difference in net interangle force associated with lip perturbations indexed to the early Ft. This was interpreted to reflect the operation of a feedforward mechanism which may play a more significant role during an evolving speech action. Thus, the application of servo-controlled mechanosensory inputs effectively indexed the excitability of the facial motor nucleus during production of a simple speech phrase. Future studies are needed to explore mechanisms of short-term adaptation and trigeminofacial modulation during propositional speech in health and disease.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)67-74
Number of pages8
JournalBrain Research
Issue number1
StatePublished - Sep 26 2007
Externally publishedYes
 - Active force
 - Compound perioral response
 - Electromyography
 - Mechanical stimulation
 - Orbicularis oris
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Neuroscience(all)
 - Molecular Biology
 - Clinical Neurology
 - Developmental Biology
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Arjan Scherpenisse
Arjan Scherpenisse
Technical co-founder
The Elixir parser under the microscope
The Elixir parser can be used for purposes other than compiling code. For example, to transform the AST into SQL fragments. Even a basic, interpreted "Elixir-ish" programming language is easy to build, in a few hundred lines of code. However, using the built in parser also has its drawbacks: it creates atoms, and the AST is non-reversible. In this talk, we will zoom in on the inner workings of the Elixir parser and Arjan's efforts to create a non-destructive, "atom-safe" Elixir parser.
Arjan Scherpenisse is an experienced Elixir and Erlang developer. After freelancing as a backend developer for several years, he founded his startup Botsquad, an Elixir-powered chatbot platform, on which he now works full-time. Besides coding, he really enjoys teaching and transferring his knowledge to the next generation of software developers.
Github: arjan
Twitter: _USER_


text: The aim of this study was to compare MRI of the breast with (18)F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with suspected local or regional breast cancer recurrence or suspected contralateral breast cancer. Thirty-two patients (mean age 57.2 years, age range 32-76 years) with suspected loco-regional recurrence ( n=19), chest wall recurrence ( n=5), and suspected secondary tumor of the contralateral breast ( n=8) underwent MRI of the breast and FDG PET of the whole body and breast region. Cytology/histology ( n=17) or a clinical follow-up examination ( n=15) with additional imaging served as the standard of reference. A McNemar test was performed to compare PET and MRI, and kappa was determined to quantify agreement of both methods. Sensitivity was 79 and 100%, specificity was 94 and 72%, and accuracy was 88 and 84% for MRI and PET, respectively. Additional metastases outside the field of view of MRI were found in PET in 5 patients. In this study both imaging methods had comparable accuracy. The detection of distant metastases with whole-body PET imaging can influence patient management.


text:
Order custom Harvard Business Case Study Analysis & Solution. Starting just $19
Turnaround of Food and Civil Supplies Department in Telangana Government Change Management Analysis & Solution
HBR Change Management Solutions
Organizational Development Case Study | S. Ramnarayan, Sunita Mehta
Case Study Description
CV Anand, a senior officer of the Indian Police Service (IPS) was assigned to lead the Food and Civil Supplies Department in the state of Telangana, India by the Chief Minister - the top political executive of the state. Since the role involved policy making and implementation relating to procurement and processing of grains, transportation and distribution to the poorer sections of the society, this was a highly unusual role assignment for an IPS officer. The organization had the responsibility of procuring food grains from farmers at minimum support price, and then after rice milling, arranging distribution to lower income population needing rice at subsidized rates. Anand observed a culture of ritualistic decision making, political power plays, and shortage of talent leading to the neglect of key aspects. The funds crisis had arisen due to non-receipt of dues and there were mounting interest charges. Certain parties were exploiting the system and getting away with it. There were archaic procedures, and corruption at different levels. Anand initiated multiple initiatives in the areas of: organizational aspects, technology and systems. He made conscious efforts to mobilize support. With passion, persistence and hard work, different stakeholders were influenced. Time, energy and commitment were allocated to high leverage activities. Within a year of assuming leadership, the result of turnaround was evident - the funds crisis had eased, bulk of leakages had been plugged and the system had become responsive to the needs of its key stakeholders - the farmers and the needy beneficiaries. Anand knew that he was on a short-term deputation and that he would be transferred to another assignment in the following six to eight months. He was concerned about what he should do in the remaining months to ensure that the changes stick and are not leader-dependent for their continuation.
Change Management, Communication, Conflict, Crisis management, Influence, Leadership, Organizational culture, Case Study Solution, Term Papers
What is Change Management Definition & Process? Why transformation efforts fail? What are the Change Management Issues in Turnaround of Food and Civil Supplies Department in Telangana Government case study?
According to John P. Kotter – Change Management efforts are the major initiatives an organization undertakes to either boost productivity, increase product quality, improve the organizational culture, or reverse the present downward spiral that the company is going through.
Sooner or later every organization requires change management efforts because without reinventing itself organization tends to lose out in the competitive market environment. The competitors catch up with it in products and service delivery, disruptors take away the lucrative and niche market positioning, or management ends up sitting on its own laurels thus missing out on the new trends, opportunities and developments in the industry.
What are the John P. Kotter - 8 Steps of Change Management?
Eight Steps of Kotter's Change Management Execution are -
- 1. Establish a Sense of Urgency
- 2. Form a Powerful Guiding Coalition
- 3. Create a Vision
- 4. Communicate the Vision
- 5. Empower Others to Act on the Vision
- 6. Plan for and Create Short Term Wins
- 7. Consolidate Improvements and Produce More Change
- 8. Institutionalize New Approaches
Are Change Management efforts easy to implement? What are the challenges in implementing change management processes?
According to authorlist Change management efforts are absolutely essential for the surviving and thriving of the organization but they are also extremely difficult to implement. Some of the biggest obstacles in implementing change efforts are –
- Change efforts create an environment of uncertainty in the organization that impacts not only the productivity in the organization but also the level of trust in the organization.
- Change efforts are often targeted at making fundamental aspects in the business – operations and culture. Change management disrupts are status quo thus face opposition from both within and outside the organization.
- Change efforts are often made by new leaders because they are chosen by board to do so. These leaders often have less trust among the workforce compare to the people with whom they were already working with over the years.
- Change management efforts are made when the organization is in dire need and have fewer resources. This creates silos protection mentality within the organization.
- Change management is often a lengthy, time consuming, and resource consuming process. Managements try to avoid them because they reflect negatively on the short term financial balance sheet of the organization.
How you can apply Change Management Principles to Turnaround of Food and Civil Supplies Department in Telangana Government case study?
Leaders can implement Change Management efforts in the organization by following the "Eight Steps Method of Change Management" by John P. Kotter.
Step 1 - Establish a sense of urgency
What are areas that require urgent change management efforts in the " Turnaround of Food and Civil Supplies Department in Telangana Government " case study. Some of the areas that require urgent changes are – organizing sales force to meet competitive realities, building new organizational structure to enter new markets or explore new opportunities. The leader needs to convince the managers that the status quo is far more dangerous than the change efforts.
Step 2 - Form a powerful guiding coalition
As mentioned earlier in the paper, most change efforts are undertaken by new management which has far less trust in the bank compare to the people with whom the organization staff has worked for long period of time. New leaders need to tap in the talent of the existing managers and integrate them in the change management efforts. This will for a powerful guiding coalition that not only understands the urgency of the situation but also has the trust of the employees in the organization. If the team able to explain at the grass roots level what went wrong, why organization need change, and what will be the outcomes of the change efforts then there will be a far more positive sentiment about change efforts among the rank and file.
Step 3 - Create a vision
The most critical role of the leader who is leading the change efforts is – creating and communicating a vision that can have a broader buy-in among employees throughout the organization. The vision should not only talk about broader objectives but also about how every little change can add up to the improvement in the overall organization.
Step 4 - Communicating the vision
Leaders need to use every vehicle to communicate the desired outcomes of the change efforts and how each employee impacted by it can contribute to achieve the desired change. Secondly the communication efforts need to answer a simple question for employees – "What it is in for the them". If the vision doesn't provide answer to this question then the change efforts are bound to fail because it won't have buy-in from the required stakeholders of the organization.
Step 5 -Empower other to act on the vision
Once the vision is set and communicated, change management leadership should empower people at every level to take decisions regarding the change efforts. The empowerment should follow two key principles – it shouldn't be too structured that it takes away improvisation capabilities of the managers who are working on the fronts. Secondly it shouldn't be too loosely defined that people at the execution level can take it away from the desired vision and objectives.
Step 6 - Plan for and create short term wins
Initially the change efforts will bring more disruption then positive change because it is transforming the status quo. For example new training to increase productivity initially will lead to decrease in level of current productivity because workers are learning new skills and way of doing things. It can demotivate the employees regarding change efforts. To overcome such scenarios the change management leadership should focus on short term wins within the long term transformation. They should carefully craft short term goals, reward employees for achieving short term wins, and provide a comprehensive understanding of how these short term wins fit into the overall vision and objectives of the change management efforts.
Step 7 - Consolidate improvements and produce more change
Short term wins lead to renewed enthusiasm among the employees to implement change efforts. Management should go ahead to put a framework where the improvements made so far are consolidated and more change efforts can be built on the top of the present change efforts.
Step 8 - Institutionalize new approaches
Once the improvements are consolidated, leadership needs to take steps to institutionalize the processes and changes that are made. It needs to stress how the change efforts have delivered success in the desired manner. It should highlight the connection between corporate success and new behaviour. Finally organization management needs to create organizational structure, leadership, and performance plans consistent with the new approach.
Is change management a process or event?
What many leaders and managers at the Anand Telangana fails to recognize is that – Change Management is a deliberate and detail oriented process rather than an event where the management declares that the changes it needs to make in the organization to thrive. Change management not only impact the operational processes of the organization but also the cultural and integral values of the organization.
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South-south research consortium looks at the use of governance indicators
How are governance indicators actually used to strengthen democratic governance at the country level? A research consortium of African think tanks is now set to explore this question. Looking at Ghana, Mozambique and Rwanda, the consortium will explore specific cases of how governance indicators and evidence are used to influence policy. It is expected that answers will provide guidance to national stakeholders and donors alike on how best to strengthen national capacity for assessing governance reforms.
The research project calls for more attention to the use of governance indicators: Which national actors are using indicators successfully in pushing for democratic reform? There have been concerted efforts to increase the supply and quality of governance statistics over the past decade including the Third Roundtable on Managing for Development Results in 2007. The work of Paris 21, Metagora and the Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity Building (TFSCB) also focuses on the capacity for supplying statistics, including on governance issues. There have not, however, been equal efforts to strengthening the usage and application of statistical information.
By and large externally-driven governance assessments are not used by domestic actors to hold Governments to account. This is not because of a lack of political demand for reform from citizens at the country level. Rather, it is suggested that external assessments, such as donor assessments, lack ownership. These indicators are primarily used in negotiations between donors and the executive branch of the recipient country. For other national actors, such as parliament and civil society, these indicators are typically viewed as less relevant.
Similarly, indicators aligned with national policy processes that lack ownership seem to suffer the same fate. In countries where national development plans and poverty reduction strategy papers are not adequately owned, indicators aligned to these strategies fail to be used effectively by national actorsfor demanding reform and accountability.
The starting point for the consortium is therefore an understanding of the roles and political incentives of various national institutions and organisations, and how governance statistics can be used strategically in a national context to effectively push for reform. Based on a political economy analysis, recommendations to donors and national actors will be developed. Recommendations will seek to provide guidance on how country-led approaches to governance assessments can be strengthened to increase usage.
The country studies will provide examples of how governance evidence is used effectively by parliamentarians in legislation and or oversight, by civil society for advocacy, and by Government in monitoring of national plans. The use of APRM indicators will also be looked at, in addition to other country specific examples.
The consortium is led by the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) and include the Institute for Democratic Governance (IDEG) in Ghana, Institute for Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP) in Rwanda and the Centre for Studies on Democracy and Development (CEDE) in Mozambique. The Consortium is supported by the European Commission (EC) and UNDP in partnership.


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Inductive argument proceeds from
Free Practice With Testbook Mock Tests
 1. Universal to Particular
 2. Particular to Universal
 3. Universal to Universal
 4. Particular to Particular
Correct Answer: Option 2 (Solution Below)
This question was previously asked in
Official Paper 21: Held on 24th June 2019 Shift 2
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An argument is a unit of reasoning that attempts to prove that a certain idea is true by citing other ideas as evidence. Each argument has only one ultimate conclusion. Ideas that the argument uses as pieces of evidence for the ultimate conclusion are called premises.
The Two Main Types of Arguments are:
The inductive argument follows the "bottom-up" approach.
The deductive argument follows the "top-down" approach.
The argument that proceeds from 'Particular to Universal' is termed an inductive argument.
The argument that proceeds from the 'Universal to Particular' is termed a deductive argument.
Here, we make use of known facts to produce general laws.
Here, we reason from a general idea or set of facts to particular examples.
For instance, each of the things bought from the Supermarket is cheaper than what we get at other stores. We can, therefore, say that most items at the Supermarket are cheaper than elsewhere.
For instance, the Supermarket items are cheaper than the same items elsewhere. I bought this coffee powder at the Supermarket, so it must be cheaper than other coffee powders of the same quality at other stores.
In the above statement, specific examples have been used in support of a general statement.
In the given example, we have used deductive reasoning, i.e. we move from general to the particular.
Hence, it can be concluded from the given table that inductive argument proceeds from 'Particular to Universal'.
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More Structure of Arguments Questions


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Worksheets and lesson ideas to challenge students aged 11 to 16 to think hard about bacteria (GCSE and Key Stage 3)
You are composed of more bacterial cells than human cells. Your energy-producing organelles were once free-living bacteria. There are more bacteria in one gram of soil than people on earth. Yet we can grow less than 1% of bacterial species in the lab. Bacteria are amazing! The resources below will help your students appreciate this incredible group of small but very significant microbes.
Why are bacteria so successful?
GCSE and A Level worksheet on Bacteria. This provides students with information about bacteria. They answer some challenging questions to consider why this group of organisms has been so incredibly successful. (PDF)
Bacterial cell division
GCSE worksheet and activity for students to understand why bacterial growth is so dangerous. Students calculate how many bacteria are produced from one bacterium after 24 hours. They calculate the new mass of the patient and bacteria and consider why in reality this does not happen. This is a useful resource to help teach standard form and introduce the concept of limiting factors. (PDF)


Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and Nevis is a small island country in the Caribbean Sea.
St. Kitts and Nevis, a country of the West Indies. It consists of two of the Leeward Islands situated about 1 mile (1.6 km) apart. The total area is 104 square miles (269 km 2 ). St. Kitts, or St. Christopher, is a volcanic island covering 68 square miles (176 km 2 ) with mountains up to about 3,800 feet (1,158 m) above sea level. Nevis, the smaller of the two islands, also is volcanic and reaches a maximum elevation of 3,232 feet (985 m). The country has an agricultural economy and produces mainly sugar and cotton for export, and yams and other foods for local consumption. There is some light manufacturing. The tourist trade, which greatly expanded during the 1980's, is also important. The country's basic currency unit is the East Caribbean dollar.
Most of the islanders are of African descent; their language is English. The population is about 44,000. Basseterre, on St. Kitts, is the capital. The country is a member of the British Commonwealth.
St. Kitts was reputedly discovered by Columbus in 1493, and Nevis was sighted on the same voyage. The first British colony in the West Indies was established on St. Kitts in 1623. Nevis was settled by the British in 1628. France founded a colony on St. Kitts in 1624 and the island remained divided between the two nations until France ceded its part to Great Britain by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713. France captured the island in 1782 but returned it to Britain by the Treaty of Paris the following year.
In 1967 St. Kitts and Nevis became St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, a self-governing state associated with Britain. Anguilla withdrew later that same year. The associated state become independent in 1983. A 1998 referendum on secession by Nevis was defeated.


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The Joseph S. Rumbaugh Historical Oration Contest
The National Association of Secondary School Principals has placed this program on the NASSP National Advisory List of Contests and Activities for 2012-2013.
NASSP Student Contests and Activities Page
The Joseph S. Rumbaugh Historical Oration Contest is open to all students attending home schools, public, parochial, or private high schools who are in their freshman, sophomore, junior or senior (grades 9 through 12) year of study.
History of The Joseph S. Rumbaugh Oration Contest
In 1945 an Ohio SAR member, Douglass G. High, originated this creative exercise in a Cincinnati Senior High. Two years later the NSSAR assumed National sponsorship. Douglass G. High passed away in 1952. In 1953 the National Society attached his name to the contest title as a memorial. He was the first Chairman on the NSSAR Oration Committee, serving in this capacity for five years.
In honor of a Florida SAR member, this Oratorical event was renamed the Joseph S. Rumbaugh Oration Contest. For many years this Compatriot has shown an active interest in the welfare of youth and has been a creative promoter of this contest. The contest is designed to explore the influence of the Revolutionary war on present day America.
Purpose Of The National Contest
- To support historical research in our high schools by promoting oratorical presentations related to our Revolutionary War period _PHONE_.
- To emphasize American History to the high school student and focus on and intelligent relationship between the past and the present.
- To place a positive emphasis on the plans of our founding fathers.
The preliminary rounds of the contest are held by Chapters and/or State Societies of the Sons of the American Revolution to select one winner from each participating state. In regions (SAR Districts) where no State Society sponsors an entrant, an SAR District entry is permitted. Prizes may be awarded to winners of Chapter and State Society (or District) competitions. The State or District sponsor is responsible for informing the contestant how expenses of competing at the National Level will be made. For example, travel, hotel for two evenings and meal expense.
The National Society competition between State Society winners is held during the NSSAR's National Congress in June/July.
The National Rumbaugh Orations Committee is currently attempting to raise the level of scholarship awards for our national winners. Please consider contributing to the Orations endowment by accessing the fillable form "The Dr. Joseph Warren Medal". Our youth thank you for giving them this increased opportunity for education. You can download the form here.
Rules of the Rumbaugh Oration Contest
For further information about the contest, do one of the following
- Call, write, or Email the contact in a nearby Chapter or State Society
- Email to NSSAR National Chairman at goebeltaconic [dot] net (National Chairman)
- Write -- making sure to enclose a number 10, business size, self-addressed envelope -- to the
Chairman of the Rumbaugh Oration Contest c/o NSSAR Headquarters 1000 South Fourth Street Louisville, KY 40203-3208
Official Rules of the The Joseph S. Rumbaugh Historical Oration Contest
- The contest will be held in preliminary round(s) by state societies and/or chapters of the Sons of the American Revolution to select one winner from each participating state. In districts where no state society sponsors an entrant, a district entry is permitted. Each participating state society or district should provide information regarding the contest to senior high school, parochial, private and home-schooled speech and/or history teachers and principals or counselors as early as possible.
- The contest is open to all students of the freshman, sophomore, junior and senior classes (Grades 9 - 12) in the public, parochial, private and home schools within the jurisdiction of the sponsoring state society or district.
- The oration must be original of not less than five minutes or more than six minutes. The subject shall deal with an event, personality, or document pertaining to the Revolutionary War and show a relationship to America today. The oration must be essentially the same as the submitted manuscript. Notes and props (including military uniforms) may not be used in the presentation.
- The state society or district establishes the date and deadlines for its contest allowing adequate time to submit its winner as an entrant in the national competition. (Four weeks before the start of NSSAR Congress) Form A & B, which can be found below, (National) must be received by the National Chairman by the deadline.
- Before the chapter winner competes in the state contest, a copy of the oration, a photograph and biographical sketch of the entrant, and the completed Form B should be mailed to the state chairman following the chapter contest. Form A (State) will be sent by the Chapter Chairman to the State Chairman.
- At Congress the NSSAR will furnish awards and give recognition to all orators who participate in the national preliminary and final contests.
- Expenses involving lodging, meals, and transportation to, at, and from the NSSAR Congress may be borne by the sponsoring state society or district. Chaperon for the entrant may be provided by the state society or district.
- During the presentation of orations at chapter, state-district, or national contest, no applause is permitted until all orators have finished speaking.
- During the contest, no private videotaping or flash picture taking will be allowed.
- By action of the 1985 Congress, all judges in the Joseph S. Rumbaugh Historical Oration Contest must be members of the SAR. The judges will select the winners by the following criteria: A. Composition; B. Delivery; C. Significance; D. History. Time allocated for delivery is between 5 and 6 minutes. (A penalty is applied for going outside the time allocations.)
- The contestants must agree that the interpretation of rules and the decisions of the NSSAR and its judges shall govern without reservation. The judging sheets and notes are the property of the SAR.
- The first place winner at the national level of the Joseph S. Rumbaugh Historical Oration Contest may not compete in its future competitions.
- The first place National winner is expected to attend the youth awards luncheon the day after the final competition.
NATIONAL SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS:
Third Place…………………………………………. $1,000
The above winners also receive an Olympic-size medal
All other finalists…………………………………… $300
All other national Contestants……….……… $200
The winner of the state or district contest may receive expenses toward their trip to compete in the national contest. The state society or district may give a cash award and/or an Olympic-size medal.
The Joseph S. Rumbaugh Historical Oration Contest Procedures
Insofar as possible the chapter, state or district contest should follow the procedures of the NSSAR Congress contest. These procedures are known to the majority of our chairmen, but new chairmen may be unfamiliar with them. The national procedures are as follows:
- At the beginning of the program the rules are explained to the orators and the audience.
- Before the contest begins, preferably in private conference with the chairman, the orators draw numbers to determine the speaking order.
- All orators are introduced only by number
- In giving the oration, at no time may the orator use notes or props.
- There are at least three judges, all of whom are SARs in accordance with the 1985 NSSAR Congress action. Prior to the contest, the chairman discusses the rules, procedures and judging sheets with the judges. The judges are seated throughout the audience with their location unknown to the speakers. The chairman acts neither as coach nor judge.
- Before the first orator comes before the audience, the timer is introduced. For the benefit of the orator, the signals to indicate five minutes and six minutes are described to the orators and the audience. If the orator announces a title, timing does not begin until the oration itself begins. The orator at the end of six minutes may complete his/her sentence. If the orator begins the next sentence and/or continues, the timer records the excess time. If the oration is less than five minutes, the timer records the time not used.
- The chairman follows the manuscript. The changing of a word or a sentence is understood, but if a substantial portion of the oration deviates from the manuscript, the chairman indicates this on the record. The timer and chairman are seated together for recording purposes. The one who is following the manuscript can and should prompt. The timer notes these promptings on his record.
- When the contest is over the judges and timer have retired, the chairman introduces each orator either by name or number and asks the individual to comment on his/her activities, school, future plans, and any family members or support group persons that may be with them at the contest.
- When the judges return, they are introduced. The judging sheets and notes are the property of the SAR. The winners are announced and presented with monetary awards and Olympic-size medals. Some chapter, states, and districts give monetary awards along with Olympic-size medal for first place. The medal is available for chapters, states and districts and can be purchased from the NSSAR Merchandise Department. Check the merchandise catalog for details.


some load to a compartment of your kayak. Experts recommend keeping the kayak as light as possible and correctly position the weight when taking it out into the water.
If your boat is bow-heavy, place some weight near the stern so that your kayak evens out in water. If your boat is stern-heavy, place some weight near the bow.
By positioning the weight correctly, you can actually minimize the amount of weight needed.
Using safety gear, like a kayak repair kit, a first aid kit, dry clothing in a waterproof bag, food, and a water bottle are good options that can also add weight to your boat.
Regardless of whether your boat needs a weight adjustment, this gear should always be in your kayak.
Another way to add weight to your boat is with water. Water weight is recommended since it is dense and does not require a lot of space. Additionally, it will remain buoyant even when submerged.
How to Maintain Balance at a Higher Speed?
Maintaining a balance in a kayak going at high speed usually involves the kayaker.
Pro kayakers or racer, when choosing a kayak, place stability of the craft as last in their list of priorities, because they know that when you are going on high speed or making tight turns, it is actually the stability of the paddler that matters, rather than boat.
So, kayaker beginners should know that when they see a fast kayak going by, the paddler is working very hard on his bracing skills to keep his boat upright in the water. In fact, speed can actually help stabilize your boat more.
Another thing to keep in mind when your boat capsizes and you are cursing the manufacturer is that if you have bought the kayak from a good-quality manufacturer, it is already stabilized.
Only the flimsiest kayaks are not stable. So buy a good quality vessel and maintain your balance while on it.
Balancing Your Kayak
A kayak is a narrow vessel and it is designed so that you can easily move in the water. But it also means you need to keep it balanced. Here's what you need to do for that:
Keep your body upright by using your core muscles and keeping your lower back and stomach to relax.
The water current will move the kayak on it own so let it move freely. Don't jerk your vessel one way or the other.
If you feel like your kayak is tipping dangerously, slap the water surface sharply with your paddle blade.
This can give you a second to recover your balance. Keep your eyes on the horizon to get your bearings.
Do not look at the bow of the boat. If your boat is tipping, don't panic and grab on to it. This may make your kayak roll right over.
Bottom Line
Kayaking is a fun hobby and kayaking beginners can easily learn if they pay attention to a few tips and tricks.
Hopefully, this guide will provide you with the few basic and necessary steps to get your boat out into the water.
Remember that kayaking is all about improving your physical fitness and exploring the waters.
If you follow the rules, you will definitely have an excellent kayaking experience.
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Definitions For Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration
For purposes of implementing the Great Lakes Water Conservation and Management Act, the following definitions are applicable for registering water withdrawals and losses.
- Facility is one or more pieces of water withdrawal equipment at the same site, including but not limited to any place of business, farm, factory, industrial or commercial site, institution, structure, open land, vessel, or rolling stock, where water is withdrawn for any purpose.
- Agriculture is the practice of farming on a farm for crops, plants, vines and trees; and the keeping, grazing or feeding of livestock for sale as livestock or livestock products.
- Farm is an agricultural business that may be composed of up to 25 non-contiguous parcels of land within a radius of 40 miles that are under the ownership or control of the same person.
- Water withdrawal is a withdrawal of surface or ground water from the Great Lakes Basin of 100,000 gallons per day averaged over 30 consecutive days.
- Water loss means the consumptive use of Great Lakes water, or the diversion of water out of the Great Lakes Basin, or both.
- Consumptive use is a use of water that results in a failure to return any portion of the amount withdrawn to the Great Lakes Basin.
- Interbasin diversion is a transfer of water out of the Great Lakes Basin through any mechanism such as a pipe or canal and including a change in ground water flow caused by pumping.
- Great Lakes Basin is shown in a map along with a list of basin communities in Appendix A of the Great Lakes Water Withdrawal Registration Program Handbook.


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About the project
Have you ever been walking in your local park and wondered what's actually living around you? Ever wondered why it sounds so quiet, no sign of native animals and birds? Well, the world, and Australia is rapidly urbanising, and with this often comes a loss of biodiversity as the environments and homes that native animals and birds share with humans are rapidly disappearing.
It turns out that these native animals, and birds in particular are really good indicators of your local biodiversity – if they disappear then you know your local area is suffering. Biodiversity is really important because it underpins everything we do.
Ever wondered what we can do about this?
The answer is 'What Lives Here?'
Councils and non-government organisations are worried about local biodiversity as well and are installing nesting boxes for possums and birds at great cost. Nesting boxes can provide homes to these animals to try and make up for the disappearing tree hollows that they need. But, how do know if these nesting boxes are being used and exactly who is using them? How do we know we have we installed the boxes in the best places?
With What Lives Here you can find out if your local nesting boxes are being used, and who might be living in them. We use sensors and technology to monitor the boxes, and work out how often they are being used. This data will help inform about how and where the nesting boxes should be set up in the future. Added to local biodiversity data from official databases like CSIRO's Atlas of Living Australia we can work out who's living in the area and make sure that we have accounted for them.
To ensure that nesting boxes are doing their job, we will use software, databases and hardware technology like:
- Bluetooth beacons
- wireless networks
- Raspberry Pi
Anyone can be involved with 'What Lives Here?' some examples are:
- You see if animals are using the nesting boxes in parks, urban environments - and in their own back yards.
- You freely use data collected from the nesting boxes in your own projects, learning - or just out of sheer curiosity and fun.
- Scientists and citizen science projects use the data to inform and plan their projects.
- Schools use the nesting boxes and resulting data for projects and learning - for example, in science, mathematics, geography, technology studies.
Nesting boxes are only the first part of the story.
In tandem with this project, we are looking at setting up an Adelaide LowRaWAN™ network (The Things Network). The advantage of this technology for Maker and citizen science projects is that it allows 'things' to talk to the internet without 3G or WiFi - no WiFi codes and no mobile subscriptions - meaning that if a box is located in a remote area; data can still be obtained on who is living there, on conditions, effectiveness... or whatever it is you are measuring/monitoring.
All the sensor data is linked to the cloud and a 'Buddy' visual interface to that anyone can see what's living here, right now.
Soon we will be adding small self-contained weather stations on the nesting boxes to help determine heat island affects across the city (meshed with BOM data), and measure local air quality to add to the official EPA data.
Basically, whatever sensors we can hang in, on or off a nesting box we could give it a go on What Lives Here?
Humans need to connect with nature
When all is said and done, What Lives Here? Is not just about the technical stuff, its about people and their local environment – something often called biophilia.
Biophilia refers to a deep connection that many humans need to interact with nature. Rather than using technology to disconnect, we are using it to satisfy and strengthen connections of human with nature.
The data collected from all the nesting box sensors:
- will be mashed up with a range of open data, such as animals that have been found in the local area already from the Atlas of Living Australia, and add to that existing data
- added to existing data on street trees from Adelaide City Council and the City of Prospect, so that people can monitor not just the nesting boxes, but the condition of the trees that are attached to
- can be added to existing official EPA Air Quality data to help fill in some of the gaps between major monitoring stations
What Lives Here? is about making smart cities really, really smart AND sustainable as well.
- Hackerspace - Unleashed SA, Adelaide, Gov Hack: _URL_-lives-here