Case Studies
Much of our work focuses on case studies in three river catchments in the Baltic Sea Region. The case studies are all of similar size (1000–2000 km2), draining directly to the Baltic Sea (Poland and Finland) or to lakes draining to the sea (Sweden).
The current status of ecosystems in the catchments will be explored, and potential eco-technologies for the catchments subject to sustainability analyses, in collaboration with local stakeholders and municipalities. The case studies differ mainly in terms of climatic and physiographic conditions, thus creating an opportunity to analyse how different eco-technologies work in different settings.
More information about our three case studies sites
1. Vantaanjoki river basin (1 680 km2)
It flows through the Helsinki metropolitan area, where there are about 1 million inhabitants, before discharging into the Baltic Sea.
Purified sewage waters from this region are discharged into the open sea area in the Gulf of Finland.
However, in the upper reaches of the river there are two towns (Riihimäki and Hyvinkää) with their own wastewater treatment plants also discharging purified wastewaters into the river.
The Vantaanjoki river basin is characterised by a variety of water resources problems like the non-point source pollution from agricultural fields and scattered settlements, as well as the point source pollution coupled with stormwater runoff from the urban areas.
2. Słupia river basin (1 623 km2)
This is a diverse coastal catchment with an expansive area of dunes stretching along the coast. Agricultural land represents 54% of the basin, while forest land represents 42%.
Urban areas constitute around 3%, of which the largest portion is taken by the city of Słupsk with 95,000 inhabitants, and two smaller towns (Bytów and Ustka).
They all have their own wastewater treatment plants discharging purified wastewaters into the Słupia river system. The Słupia catchment is one of the largest catchments on the Polish coast that includes a large city (Słupsk) and thus it offers a unique opportunity to study both the pressure from rural and urban areas on water quality, which are predominant in this part of the Baltic Sea Region.
3. Fyrisån river basin (1 982 km2)
The Fyrisån River is located in the south-eastern part of Sweden. It is a tributary of Lake Mälaren, which has its outlet through Stockholm into the Baltic Sea. The catchment area is distributed among forests (60%), agriculture (32%), wetlands (4%), lakes (2%) and urban areas (2%).
The urban area is dominated by the city of Uppsala which has a population of approximately 200 000 people. Its wastewater treatment plant discharges purified wastewater into the river. The Fyris River basin covers quite a diverse set of landscapes including actively managed forests and agricultural lands in Sweden's fourth largest city, Uppsala. The water quality status of the river has also been very well documented for a long time, making it possible to for example, trace effects of historical implementations of eco-technologies in wastewater treatment plants in the basin.


text:
Background: Significant interest exists in establishing radiologic imaging as a valid biomarker for assessing the response of cancer to a variety of treatments. To address this problem, we have chosen to study patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to learn whether statistical learning theory can improve the performance of radiologists using CT in predicting patient treatment response to therapy compared with the more traditional RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) standard.Results: Predictions of survival after 8 months in 38 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique improved 30% when using additional information compared to WHO (World Health Organization) or RECIST measurements alone. With both Logistic Regression (LR) and SVM, there was no significant difference in performance between WHO and RECIST. The SVM and LR techniques also demonstrated that one radiologist consistently outperformed another.Conclusions: This preliminary research study has demonstrated that SLT algorithms, properly used in a clinical setting, have the potential to address questions and criticisms associated with both RECIST and WHO scoring methods. We also propose that tumor heterogeneity, shape, etc. obtained from CT and/or MRI scans be added to the SLT feature vector for processing.
ASJC Scopus subject areas

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Angularjs Interview Questions and Answers Set 9
81.What Are Different Ways To Create Service In AngularJS?
There are 5 different ways to create services in AngularJS.
 1. AngularJS Value.
var app=angular.module("app",[]);app.value("username","Madhav");Code to use "Value":
app.controller("MainController",function($scope, username){$scope.username=username;});
 1. AngularJS Factory.
Let's take an example to create a Factory service.
app.factory("username",function(){var name="John";return {name:name}});
Code to use "Factory":
app.controller("MainController",function($scope, username){$;});
 1. AngularJS Service.
function MyExample(num){this.variable="value";}
app.factory("MyExampleService",["num",function(num){return new MyExample(num);}]);
 1. AngularJS Provider.
Let's take an example.
app.provider('authentication', function() {
var username = "John";
return { set: function(newUserName) { username = newUserName; },
$get: function() {
function getUserName()
return username;
return { getUserName: getUserName };
app.config(["authenticationProvider", function(authenticationProvider) { authenticationProvider.set("Mihir");}]);
 1. AngularJS Constant.
Here is an example of how we can create constants:
app.constant('applicationName', 'Service Tutorials');
82.List out the differences between config and run methods in AngularJS?
Config Block – Constants and providers can be injected into config blocks and this block can be created using config method.
Run Block – Run block will be executed after config block. Run block is used to inject constants and instances and this block can be created using run method.
Eg :
angular.module('myTestModule', []).
config(function (injectables) {
// config block
run(function (injectables) {
// run block
83.How Would You Use An Angular Service To Pass Data Between Controllers? Explain With Examples?
We can prepare the data service provider in the following manner.
app.service('dataService', function() {
var dataSet = [];
var addData = function(newData) {
var getData = function(){
return dataSet;
return { addData: addData, getData: getData };
Now, we'll inject the service dependency into the controllers.
Say, we have two controllers – pushController and popController.
$scope.callToAddToProductList = function(currObj){ dataService.addData(currObj);
$scope.dataSet = dataService.getData();
84.Mention what are the styling form that ngModel adds to CSS classes?
ngModel adds these CSS classes to allow styling of form as well as control:
ngvalid
nginvalid
85.What are animating elements in AngularJS?
ng-repeat enter, leave, move
ng-view enter, leave
ng-include enter, leave
ng-switch enter, leave
ng-if enter, leave
ng-class add, remove
ng-show add, remove
ng-hide add, remove
Weekend / Weekday Batch
86.Explain RouteProvider in AngularJS?
$routeProvider is the key service which set the configuration of URLs, map them with the corresponding HTML page or ng-template, and attach a controller with the same.
Let's see the following example:
var mainApp = angular.module("mainApp", ['ngRoute']);
mainApp.config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
$routeProvider.when('/addEmployee', { templateUrl: 'addEmployee.htm', controller: 'AddEmployeeController' })
.otherwise({redirectTo: '/addEmployee'});}]);
Following are the important points to be considered in above example.
routeProvider is defined as a function under config of the mainApp module using a key as '$routeProvider'.
$routeProvider.when defines a URL "/addEmployee" which is then mapped to "addEmployee.htm". This should be present in the same path as main HTML page.
"otherwise" is used to set the default view.
"controller" is used to set the corresponding controller for the view.
87.Explain what Angular JS routes does?
Angular js routes enable you to create different URLs for different content in your application. Different URLs for different content enables user to bookmark URLs to specific content. Each such bookmarkable URL in Angular.js is called a route.
Injecting a value into an Angular.js controller function is done by adding a parameter with the same name as the value
88.Explain how routing works in AngularJS?
Routing enables to create different URL for different content in our application. Different content for different URL enables to bookmark the URL of specific content and this is called route and this mechanism is called routing.
89.What Is Ng-View In AngularJS?
The ng-view tag creates a placeholder where an HTML or ng-template view can be placed based on the configuration.
Let's take an example.

In other words, ng-view is the directive that works as a container for angularJS to switch between views.
90.How to make Http get request from AngularJS with an example?
From AngularJS we can use "$http" service. Below is the sample code for http get request –
// code here
// code here


Paralabrax Clathratus
Onshore, Nearshore, Kelp Forests
4 - 14 pounds
12" - 28"
Kelp Bass Game Fish Quality Very Good
Kelp Bass Meal Quality Excellent
Kelp Bass Fly Fishing Quality Poor
Kelp Bass
Kelp Bass
Also Known As: Calico Bass
Kelp Bass (Paralabrax clathratus) Fish Description
The Kelp Bass, or also known as the bull bass or calico bass is part of the marine-ray finned fish species.
Adult Kelp Bass have an olive green hue, while their adolescent counterparts are more towards a lighter brown. The upper part of the Kelp Bass' head has pale yellow spots, whereas the body has black, white, and/or olive green marks. You can also find they have rows of rectangular white spots across their back. Their ventral areas are often cream or white. To help distinguish Kelp Bass from other marine bass is by their calico-like spotting on the underside of their belly. On the margin of the operculum of the Kelp Bass, a large spine is present. And from third to a fifth of their dorsal fins are all the same length.
Diet and Size
Kelp basses are carnivores and piscivores, but they can also eat non-insect arthropods. They commonly consume other fish, mollusks, crustaceans, other marine invertebrates, planktons, and algae. Their diet expands as they grow older. The Kelp Bass also shows cannibalistic tendencies. They feed heavier during spawning, from May through September, and feed lighter during the winter.
The Kelp Bass may reach up to 2.4 ft. and the maximum weight known is said to be 15 lbs.
Interesting Fact
The scientific name of the Kelp Bass is Paralabrax clathratus. The first half of that name, Paralabrax, is defined from the two Greek words as "near Labrax." Labrax, a name of a European bass. And the second half, clathratus refers to the spottings or the markings on the sides of the fish.
Kelp Bass Fishing Techniques
Kelp Bass is considered to be a light tackle. They can be caught from breakwaters in sandbars, but you can also find them in kelp beds. Popular methods anglers use to catch them include: drifting, trolling, and still-fishing from fishing kayaks or anchored boats.
Lures that replicate the Kelp Bass's diet would bode well, usage of various seafood such as anchovies, sardines, queenfish, crustaceans, and arthropods. But work especially better when colored brown or olive.
When it comes to choosing the rod, the faster ones work best. A 7 or 8 ft. saltwater rod would a baitcasting reel or spinning reel would be a good use. And considering you'll most likely be catching these in the kelp forests, using a braided fishing line would be notably helpful so you can cut through the kelp if ever the fish gets tangled. And if the fish refuses to bite straight braid, a fluorocarbon leader could come in handy for fishing to keep the Kelp Bass away from the kelp and rocky structures.
For catching Kelp Bass, especially when fishing near kelp beds, is that immediately after they strike at a lure, they would run back towards the kelp beds in a diving pattern. Do your best in avoiding the chance to return to those kelp beds in preventative measures of getting your line tangled.
Habitat and Distribution
You can fish for Kelp Bass all year round in fisheries such as Los Angeles, Orange County, and San Diego. The most action you can get for these fish should be around the warmer months, between May and October, but scoring a large fish is still possible between November and April.
The Kelp Bass can also be caught around islands such as Catalina and San Clemente islands during their overnight fishing expeditions.
They commonly live in kelp forests they are found to be almost exclusive in this type of habitat. Younger Kelp Bass often stay amongst the kelp blades and seaweed in rocky areas, while Adults may stray further from the kelp forest to deeper and rockier habitats, as they are less susceptible to be predated on. Though adult Kelp Bass can be found in depths such as up to 200 ft., they are still found common in shallow waters going only as deep as 8 to 69 feet.


Ingram Blog
6 Steps to Creating a High-Performing Facebook Ad
Reach more readers in 2021 through easy-to-create Facebook and Instagram Ads
Let's start by looking at how consumers are shifting their online and social media practices. The data below is from a global study of internet users across the world from July 2020.
We Are Social
Early in the pandemic, we saw internet usage and online activity dramatically increase as people changed their daily routine. They were working and going to school from home and reduced in-person social activities — really an unprecedented shift in how people typically spend their time.
This survey found that people reported spending more time on digital activities, including:
· Streaming services like Netflix and Hulu
· Chat and messenger programs
· And of course, social media
43% of respondents in total reported spending longer on social media than they did before the pandemic started. And that trend continued.
We Are Social
Looking a little closer at what people are doing online, we see that 98% of all users are active on a social network within the last 30 days.
The average number of social media accounts that internet users have is 8.3. So, they are on many social networks, not just one. And they are using social media both in personal and professional capacities, with 41% using social media for work purposes.
With more consumers online than ever before, now is the time to reach readers with high-performing and targeted ad campaigns.
Mastering Facebook & Instagram Ads
"To succeed and maximize your return on investment (ROI) among so many audience members and competitors, start with why you want to use Facebook ads and what you hope to achieve with them."| Hubspot
Setting Your Objective
Start with why you want to use Facebook Ads and what you hope to achieve with them. How you answer this will determine what objective you choose. Depending on the objective you set, Facebook is going to serve your ad differently to people based on what they have learned and what actions they have learned to take. You can think of these three sections as a sales funnel.
1. Awareness
The awareness objective is going to be the top of the funnel, to generate general interest and awareness about your brand or product.
Common Goal
Brand Awareness
Reach the most people with your ad to increase awareness and recognition around your product. With this goal you're going to get a wide audience. And with this objective, you might not have a necessary action in mind, but you want to spread the word and make people aware.
2. Consideration
The consideration objectives are going to be the middle of the funnel, where they might be familiar, (seen your brand/product once or twice) but they want to learn more.
Facebook Business Manager
Common Goals
The primary goal here is getting people to your website or anywhere outside of Facebook. Not only will Facebook show your ad, but it'll show it to people who they have learned are more likely to click rather than scroll past.
This one kind of explains itself. But if you want a lot of engagement on a post or even a business page, Facebook will optimize your ad to show to people likely to do so. One of the biggest perks of choosing this engagement objective is the possibility of generating added reach organically. The more engagement you get with this paid post, will help your organic reach extend beyond the audience you just paid for.
Lead Generation
When a user clicks on these kinds of ads, they will be sent to a form that collects their information. You, the creator of the ad, get to choose which information you ask from them within this form. Once they fill out the form, they'll then be directed to your page or even a downloadable piece.
💡 Pro tip: In this form you can include an opt-in check box allowing them to agree to receive other marketing communications. Turn around and add this email you've obtained through the form into your email marketing strategy. They're seeing you on social and will now be seeing you in their inbox.
3. Conversion
With conversion, you are at the bottom of the funnel, driving purchases, registrations and stronger actions of that nature.
Common Goal
Store Traffic
This goal is great for retargeting audiences and sending users directly to a product page or catalog they have visited previously but did not make a purchase. These ads tend to be more expensive but can drive significant purchases.
Finding Your Audience — Interest vs. Custom
Once you've figured the objective of your ad, you really need to dive in and start thinking about your target audience. The most important part of any ad is crafting your audience.
You can have stellar copy, amazing creative, but if you're not serving it to the right people, then you really are missing the mark. There are two ways you can do this within Facebook Ads Manager.
Interspace Targeting
Interspace audiences are different categories that help you define your ideal customer, such as education, age, location, or just general interests.
You can use the Facebook Insights tool to create different combinations of these interspace categories. From here, you can really develop a better understanding of your audience, including their location, device usage, semantic interests and more. This is going to help you develop a better understanding of your audience and make sure that your targeting is on point.
Custom Audiences
You are likely to have a higher conversion with a custom audience, because these are users that have already interacted with your brand or business in some way. Custom audiences usually generate greater results, because they're audiences that are warmer and have some familiarity with your brand.
Custom audiences can be built in a few ways:
· People who have visited your website and are tracked via the Facebook pixel
· People who have signed up for your newsletter
· Even those who have engaged with your past ads
💡Pro Tip: When doing custom audiences and uploading an email list into Facebook, make sure that you upload a robust email list, so Facebook can match enough users on their platform to serve the ad. Bigger is better in this regard.
Also, custom audiences give you the freedom to create lookalike audiences. A lookalike audience is an option where Facebook will aggregate users who are like an email list that you put into the platform. This is a powerful way to find new customers who are more likely to convert.
Developing Creative + Copy
"The human brain can process visuals up to 60,000x faster than text. Don't just use an image or video for the sale of it – tell a story" /
The next step you're going to hit when working on your ad, is the ad creative. The image visual is one of those make-or-break factors of your ad. It's what you see first when scrolling and what catches your attention to either:
A - slow your scroll because you're interested
B - scroll faster because you're annoyed and do not want to see an ad
A/B Tests
Facebook's A/B testing feature gives you a chance to see what kind of creative works best for your audience. A few areas to try out A/B testing:
· Vector type images verse humanistic images
· Text in your image verse no text in your images
· Still images verses videos.
Try various kinds of creatives and see what works best with your audience. A few resources for those vector type or humanistic photos are
· Kumba
· Pablo
· Unsplash
· Pixabay
Carousel Ads
When you are using tools for images, whether it's vector or humanistic, try to choose enough images to create a carousel ad rather than just one standalone image. Each image of a carousel can hit one topic in various ways, or it can hit various topics.
For a book you might do one with the cover itself for one image, a review of the book for another and then a person holding the book for the third. Or you could advertise various titles within the same ad, choosing a different photo for each image spot.
Within Facebook Ads Manager, you can set up carousel ads to place the best performing image first. But if you have your images in a certain order for a certain reason, you can turn this function off.
The main point is carousels are greater than standalone images. Carousels garner an average engagement rate per post of 1.92%, compared to just stand alone images at 1.74%.
💡Pro tip: Try creating your own user generated creative. A user generated type photo could stem from Instagram, the more aesthetic focused platform, where the hashtag _TAG_ has over 50 million uses. User generated posts generate a five times greater click through rate.
Try to take your own aesthetically pleasing photos and use them in your ad.
Think Video
Experts say that over 80% of what we consume online is moving towards video. It's not a question of if you should be using video but how much and at what volume can you truly create video?
Customers love it too. 72% say they would rather learn about a product or service by way of video. Carousel posts generate more engagement, because they force the users to interact with the ad. Combining video and photo in this ad format is a great way to catch the user's attention and get them to engage with the ad further.
Another possibility is creating 15 second vertical videos and uploading them as an Instagram Story ad. You can upload up to three stories, which gives you the potential to stay in front of the user for 45 seconds. That's huge.
💡Pro tip: When thinking about video, make sure you're adding captions to your video. Over 80% of users watch videos on silent, and you want to make sure that your videos are accessible


Planning a Short-term Healthcare Mission Project
Often nurses are asked to organize a healthcare outreach as part of a short-term mission trip. If done well, these outreaches can provide meaningful opportunities to model how Jesus cares for the whole person. However, lack of proper planning and relationships with the host community has the potential for creating setbacks at best -- or doing harm at worst.
We will focus on planning the healthcare aspect of a mission project. If you are being asked to organize an entire short term project, there a many websites, books and resources that can assist you in the planning, travel, orientation and debriefing programs. Likewise there are many short-term mission organizations that are doing healthcare. NCF has chosen to partner with Global Health Outreach, the short-term mission arm of Christian Medical & Dental Associations.
Here are some important specific questions to ask when planning a healthcare missions program.
What is the motivation for including healthcare as a part of this missions program?
Motivations for doing healthcare missions programming are many and vary from trip to trip. Sometimes there is an overwhelming health need presented that can easily be addressed by a healthcare professional on a short-term program. Other times a healthcare outreach supplements an indigenous church's effort to reach the people in their community. It is also true that a motivating factor for healthcare professionals is a need and desire to help those who are less fortunate. This is part of who we are and our spiritual gift of caring.
For clues on motivation, look at whose idea it was to include healthcare as part of the missions program. Did the idea originate because there were healthcare professionals on the team who wanted to do healthcare? Did the partner in the host country request a healthcare program? How will healthcare contribute to the long-term impact of the mission in the community?
Spending time examining motivation prior to going on a mission trip is always instructive for a person's own spiritual journey. Do you have an invitation from a host partner with a specific goal that can be better achieved with participation from a nurse? Do you have confirmation through prayer and Bible study that God is leading in the cross-cultural experience? A confluence of both is a good indication that the motivation for participating in a healthcare missions experience will lead to spiritual growth for the participant as well as serving the host community.
What healthcare needs are present in the community that is to be served?
Before going on a healthcare mission trip, it is good to know what type of healthcare programming is needed. It is also important to recognize that there are limitations to what a team of healthcare professionals can do on a short-term trip. Caring for people who have long-term healthcare needs requires a plan for follow-up services so that their ongoing healthcare needs are addressed. Many countries in tropical regions present diseases that are not frequently seen in the United States. Nurses should do a little advanced preparation to become familiar with "common" diseases seen in the country where the mission will take place. Management of these conditions varies based on the resources available in country. Learning the management and treatment protocols of the host country will insure that people receive a standard of care that is in concert with the resources available in the country and is honoring to God and the project.
As an alternative to providing curative healthcare services, nurses should consider:
 - Surveying the community for the commonly presented health problems that can be used for healthcare planning. Doing a community assessment with baseline information on disease prevalence is helpful to the community in planning for their healthcare programming.
 - Providing appropriate health education that uses sound non-formal education methodology. Many health problems can be addresses through health education. Non-formal education methodology focuses on having the learner own the message and commit to behavior change.
 - Equipping indigenous healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills they need to provide excellent healthcare after the team leaves are considered preferable options for a short-term healthcare missions program. Many nurses do not have access to the continuing education programming and welcome the opportunity to learn about current practice. The learning should be mutual. Often national nurses have expertise in areas that nurses in North America do not have.
Who is addressing those needs in the community now? Are there indigenous healthcare professionals with whom you can work? Who will follow up after the project ends?
Your team will only be there for a short time. Short-term teams have limited understanding of the host culture and language ability. People in the target area who have health needs have them met by someone when you are not there. Identifying these local providers and working together with them can be encouraging to local provider, mutually instructive, and provide an endorsement of their care when you leave. They know their community and their community has a level of trust in them. It's wise to build collegial relationships with them to provide quality healthcare for the community.
What are the legal requirements for practicing professionally?
We require healthcare professionals from visiting countries to have proper credentials in order to practice in the United States. herefore we should expect to submit our professional credentials to the host country and meet their standards for practice. It is important to ask the healthcare professionals in the host country about requirements. Pastors, educators, and other missionaries who are not healthcare professionals may not know what the legal requirements are for professional practice. The International Council of Nurses lists the governing nursing boards for each of the member countries. If there is no nurse or healthcare professional in the host country to assist you, you may want to contact their nursing board directly.
What are the legal requirements for importing healthcare supplies and pharmaceuticals?
Basic equipment (stethoscopes, sphygmomanometers, thermometers, etc.) may be in short supply and should be brought with you. More complicated diagnostic and medical equipment that requires electricity needs to be carefully scrutinized for voltage, cycling, and availability of spare parts. The U.S. government may have restrictions on exporting some equipment to certain countries and the host country may impose import duty.
Many countries have an essential drugs list and requirements about packaging, labeling and expiration dates for pharmaceuticals. Often the commonly used drugs are available in the country. Consider purchasing them there to support the local economy and insure a continuous supply when you leave. Be aware that many common drugs may have different names in other countries. When groups bring in large quantities of pharmaceuticals and distribute them for free, that could interfere with the ability of the local pharmacy to stay in business and continue to provide needed medications for the community. WHO has recommended standards for donation of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment.
How do the care recipients understand western medicine?
Every culture has a worldview that explains concepts related to cause of disease, the place of suffering, the spiritual dimension of life, and what happens after death. The Christian worldview provides what we believe to be the God's truth on these issues. People of different cultures may understand these concepts differently. They may try to fit western medicine into their cultural understanding. For example, people who are accustomed to going to a traditional healer who wears special clothing and performs various magical incantations to find out which ancestor is causing their illness may see western healthcare professionals in a similar manner, with their professional dress, diagnostic testing, and prescriptions. A lab coat, stethoscope, and colored pills are viewed similarly to a traditional healer. Also, many cultures do not think either/or but both/and. Hence, they will seek both the traditional healer and western healthcare. Healing is then attributed to both the traditional healer and the western healthcare provider.
What will be the focus of the healthcare mission? Health promotion and prevention of disease? Curative care? Or a combination of prevention and cure?
Jesus cared for people holistically. He cared about their physical well-being as well as their relationship with God. Sometimes he cured a disease and then addressed their sins. Other times he forgave their sins and then healed their bodies. Keeping people well by preventing disease and treating problems early is one way of caring for people holistically. Immunization programs, health education to prevent common illnesses, and screening for health problems are important health programming and can be combined with the gospel message. But when people are sick and suffering, it is also important to address the health problem that is presented in order for the gospel to be heard and received. The purpose of the healthcare mission project may influence the focus of the project. Deciding on the focus of a health program will determine the type of healthcare personnel, equipment, and resources required for the mission.
Will the project include teaching? Who will be taught? What will be taught?
One of the best gifts a healthcare professional can give is the knowledge that they have. Nurses are accustomed to teaching patients and families about health. Nursing in countries with limited resources requires a focus on healthcare education. Language and cultural differences can be limiting factors for effective health education. Working with local nurses who know the culture and language will make healthcare education efforts more effective and can be informative for learning local health practices.
When teaching nursing practice to national nurses, it is important to approach the educational process from a learner stance. Nursing in countries with limited resources is practiced differently by necessity. Asking about what the current practice is -- and why -- can prevent a rush to judgment about the standards of nursing practice. Helping national nurses to think through clinical problems and potential ways of addressing them allows them to critically look at their nursing practice with the benefit of a colleague from North America. It affords opportunities to develop a trust that can become the basis for a relationship with a national nurse and lead to furthering Christian nursing in both the host and sending countries.


text:
(Last Updated on : 14/10/2010)
Rough chaff is an upright and rigid yearly herb that grows thickly upto 50 cm in height. It has several branches, nearly round and somewhat ribbed stem, light green or light pink in colour and covered with small, taut and somewhat coarse hair. Its branches have prickles which are pointed downwards. The leaves of the plant are plain, egg-shaped and green. The flowers are tiny and face downwards. Older flowers are seen at the bottom and fresh ones on the upper part.
The herb occurs in temperate and sub-tropical Himalayas from Kishtwar to Sikkim and Khasi hills at 1200 to 1820 metres, Bihar, Konkan, Nilgiris and Travancore hills. The seeds and the dried plant are obtainable with grocers and dealers of unprocessed drugs all over India.
The char of the herb contains a rich proportion of potash and is an antacid. It is a crucial component of alkaline medicine, useful in counterbalancing acidity.
Methods of usage
Rough chaff has the power to repair chronic diseases like asthma, spleen enlargement, renal dropsy, cholera, menorrhagia or other infectious eruptions.
Healing Power and Medicinal Properties of rough chaff
Rough chaff is one of the imperative herbs used by villagers to cook mixed greens. The leaves are bland but assume a soft acrid taste after cooking. They also contain soft cellulose.
Asthma cured by rough chaff
Rough chaff is used to heal asthma. The method ordained in Ayurveda is as follows-- the leaves of the plant should be plucked in impenetrable darkness with no light falling on the plant at the time of plucking. This is because the presence of light ruins the remedial effect of the leaves. After plucking, 25 grams of the leaves are mashed together with two grams of black pepper on a stone. Six pills are made from the paste which is dried in a dark room the same night. An asthma patient has to take one pill with water on the 9th night of the 2nd half of the lunar month, and persist to follow the routine for 6 days upto new moon day.
Coughs cured by rough chaff
The char of the herb, mixed with honey, is useful for coughs. An assortment of the char and 4 times its weight of water should be allowed to coagulate for 24 hours. The residue obtained by vaporising the supernatant or upper layers of the liquid is the recognised Ayurvedic preparation 'aghada khara'. It is taken in dosages of 6 to 12 centigrams for alleviating coughs.
Spleen Enlargement healed by rough chaff
The herb is particularly handy for spleen enlargement. The pulverisation of the plant is used in 25 gram dosages twice everyday with a slight beaten curd. This fetches beneficial results in 3 to 4 weeks.
Cholera healed by rough chaff
The pulverised root of the herb is extremely functional for cholera. Approximately 6 grams of the grind should be blended with water and consumed.
Renal Dropsy cured by rough chaff
A decoction of the plant is useful in renal dropsy because it increases the secretion and disposal of urine. This decoction is developed by boiling 60 grams of the plant in 150 ml of water for 20 to 30 minutes. Almost 30 to 60 grams of this sieved mixture should be taken twice or thrice a day.
Stomach Disorders healed by rough chaff
The juice of the leaves is helpful in stomach illnesses like stomachache, bowel complaints and piles. A decoction of the powderised leaves, coalesced with honey or sugar candy is handy in the premature stages of diarrhoea and dysentery.
Menorrhagia healed by rough chaff
This is a condition of inordinate menstrual bleeding. The drug is useful in checking secretion or blood loss. It is thus valuable in unusually unwarranted menstruation. A concoction of the herb should be used in treating such conditions.
Skin Problems cured by rough chaff
The leaves of rough chaff are helpful in gashes and wounds from sharp-edged weapons like knives and blades. Juice of a few leaves from the plant is used to exhaustively dowse the wound. A leaf should be wrapped and bandaged over it. It mends within a day or two with a single application. A balm made from the char of the herb with orpiment is used for cleansing warts and ulcers.
Eye Disorders cured by rough chaff
The root of the herb is handy in instances of eye-disorders. A paste of the roots with water can be administered constructively in ophthalmia and opacity of the cornea.
Insect Bites healed by rough chaff
A paste of the leaves prepared with water has testified efficient in curing bites of toxicant insects, wasps, bees etc. It is mandatory to administer it externally over the affected portions.
- It is better for pregnant women to have the juice of the herb in light dosages, as large dosages may accelerate labour pains or induce miscarriage.
Other Uses of rough chaff
- Rough chaff seeds are valuable in alleviating easy and hassle-free delivery. The seeds are mashed well in water to make a fine paste and applied on the navel, pubis and vulva.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Updated Mon, Feb 27, 2012 12:36 pm
On this edition of Conversations from Studio B, Jim Fuller and Bill Walker talk with Chris Meekins of the North Carolina State Archives.
The trio discuss the Burnside Expedition, a series of battles fought along the North Carolina coast under the command of Brig. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, which culminated in the Union occupation of Roanoke Island, New Bern, Morehead City, Beaufort and Washington.
For more information, visit the North Carolina State Archives' Sesquicentennial Blog.
Slideshow: The Burnside Expedition
Brig. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside
Flag captured by Union forces from the Confederate gunboat Fanny during the Battle of Elizabeth City, Feb. 10, 1862
Medal of Honor recipient John Davis risked life and limb by sitting on an open powder keg to keep it from catching fire
General Ambrose E. Burnside and Commander Stephen C. Rowan issued this proclamation as outreach to the people of North Carolina during the Burnside Expedition
Post-battle sketch of the positions and fortifications of both forces during the Battle of New Bern, N.C.


text:
Q. The top of my oleander is turning yellow and dying. Will the plant recover if I prune out the affected branches?
A. Removing the dying branches from your oleander will improve its appearance for a while, but this will not restore the plant's health. Your oleander will probably die in a few years if it has oleander leaf scorch. This fatal disease is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. The bacteria grow inside and soon plug the plant's xylem tissue, which transports water from the roots to the leaves. The upper foliage initially turns yellow and may droop on one or more branches. Unfortunately, by the time these symptoms appear, the bacteria have already spread to other parts of the plant that appear healthy. As the disease progresses, more branches are affected and the plant eventually dies. All oleanders (Nerium oleander) are susceptible to the disease although some cultivars may express symptoms to lesser degrees and live longer when infected.
Oleander leaf scorch is spread primarily from plant to plant by an exotic sap-feeding insect, the glassy-winged sharpshooter. Spraying oleanders with insecticide does not adequately protect plants from sharpshooter feeding and possible infection. The bacterium does not persist in the soil when a plant dies. Another oleander could be planted in the same location, but this is not recommended since the new plant could also become infected when sharpshooters feed on the plant.
The best permanent solution is to replace dying oleanders with a different ornamental. Some possible substitutes are lemon bottle brush (Callistemon citrinus), purple hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea'), American arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis), toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), and lemonade berry (Rhus integrifolia). Additional plants suggested by four landscape designers are listed in an article, "Good Bets for Hedges to Replace Dying Oleanders" at:
Q. My oranges look ripe, but they taste sour. Do I need to fertilize the tree to make the fruit sweet?
A. Fertilizing an orange tree in winter will not make the fruit sweeter. To develop sweet fruit, orange trees need a full canopy of foliage, a sunny location, warm weather and time.
You cannot tell when oranges are ready to eat by the color of their rind. Both navel and Valencia oranges color in fall as the temperature cools, but this does not mean the fruit has enough sugar and is ready to pick. You may have to wait until February for navels to be sweet enough. Valencias are not usually ready to pick until July. Both oranges will hold on the tree for several months after they are ripe.
Mature citrus (5 years and older) should be given a fertilizer high in nitrogen in February and again in April. Nitrogen should not be applied in summer since this will make the rinds thicker and cause Valencias to re-green. Do not apply nitrogen in fall because too much can delay fruit maturity and increase the acid content of the juice.
Vincent Lazaneo is an urban horticulture adviser emeritus with the University of California Cooperative Extension. Send questions for "Plants & Pests" to _EMAIL_


text:
What is the function of heat transfer fluid system？
The high temperature heat transfer fluid system adopts a fully closed circulation system, so that there is no oil mist during high temperature operation, and high temperature refrigeration can be realized. It is the temperature control equipment used in many industries at present.
1. High temperature heat transfer fluid system is used with most experimental equipment, such as rotary evaporator, uniform temperature, constant liquid environment. It is forbidden to store in the open air, avoid direct sunlight or rain. Do not store in corrosive or gaseous places.
2. The outer packing box shall not be disassembled during loading and unloading. Vibration and shock should be avoided during handling and placed carefully. Be careful not to damage the equipment and items inside the box when unpacking. After unpacking, a special person should be designated to keep the random data and check whether the equipment and items in the box are consistent with the packing list. Randomly damaged items and equipment must not be lost.
3. When the compressor stops and fails, the power supply should be checked first. If the power supply is OK, we need the production switch and temperature settings. If there is no abnormality, a professional electrician is required to check whether the equipment circuit is missing and whether the relay is damaged.
4. In the process of using high temperature heat transfer fluid system, operators often operate too hastily. When the machine is just running, the machine will turn to a larger temperature value. In fact, this approach often backfires. The machine is in a shutdown state, and the stirring impeller is suddenly increased to react the material, which causes the running burden of the machine. In this case, the reactor mixer is easily reversed. If there is no body reverse at that time, it will cause the mixer to deform. In addition to deformation, it will also cause the body temperature to rise rapidly and destroy the mechanical properties.
5. The user should proceed step by step during the re-use process. During the long-term operation, the temperature increase of the equipment is also a reasonable phenomenon, but because the temperature rises to the rated temperature, it will affect the reaction of the material.
We can design and manufacture virtually any size from 2 tons to 150 tons for any application to your exact specifications. Help improve product quality and reduce manufacturing time.
HelloPlease log in


text:
The location sharing features on iPhones are quite impressive, and quite useful!
However, what many people don't know is that iPhones use more than just GPS to determine its location, and the results are surprisingly accurate.
Whether you're looking for a lost iPhone, sharing your location with a friend or simply curious, you may be wondering – how accurate is your iPhone's location?
In this article, we'll cover everything that you need to know!
How Accurate Is An iPhone's Location?
Typically, your iPhone's location will be accurate within 15-20 feet. This exact number can vary depending on what method your iPhone is using to estimate its location, as well as the signal the device is able to achieve.
With a weak signal to GPS and the internet, the accuracy of your phone's location will diminish.
You will get the most accurate results if you are outside, with a clear view of the sky and a strong cellular or Wi-Fi signal.
Thankfully, 15-20 feet is more than enough to determine where your iPhone is at if it's lost, or where somebody is currently at if using the location sharing feature.
Additionally, if you've happened to lose your iPhone it is also a small enough radius to search for it and find it fairly quickly.
How Location Is Determined On iPhones
Many people don't know this, but your iPhone actually uses a number of different methods to determine its location. While most assume that the location is solely based off of GPS, this is only one of the factors that Apple uses.
This is why it's still possible to estimate your location, even if location services or location sharing is turned off. We've seen TikTok using some of these factors to guess a person's location even when not sharing location data, so Apple isn't the only one doing it either!
In total, location services on your iPhone use GPS, your Wi-Fi network, your cellular service and Bluetooth to determine your location. Let's look over some of these methods in more detail.
The first, and most accurate method iPhone uses is GPS.
While GPS can approximate your location better than any other method, it is not always perfect. GPS signals may be affected by weather, trees, and any structure above your device (such as the roof of a building, or a tunnel.)
Additionally, GPS is powered by satellites in the sky, that are constantly moving around. It is possible for the accuracy of your phone's GPS to change by the second. Even if a good signal can approximate location within 15-20 feet, a weak signal can cause the accuracy to weaken substantially.
Therefore, if your iPhone isn't able to acquire a good GPS signal, it may use other methods instead to approximate your location.
2. Cellular Towers
Another method that can determine your iPhone's location, is the cellular towers used to provide service to your device.
By pinging the nearby cell phone towers in your area and measuring the the signal and distance away from them, your iPhone can gain a rough idea on where it's actually at. This is called cellular triangulation, and it's one of the ways that emergency services can find your location if you call 911 for example, which is pretty neat!
However, it is less accurate than GPS. According to the FCC, cellular triangulation is accurate within 3/4ths of a square mile. However, in densely populated areas where there are more cell phone towers present, field tests show that cellular triangulation is typically accurate within 150 to 300 meters.
Although it is far less accurate than GPS, there may be times when it is more reliable to use. So, Apple falls back on it in case it's needed.
3. Wi-Fi Mapping
Finally, we have Wi-Fi mapping – or Wi-Fi triangulation.
This is similar to the cellular triangulation described previously, but is even more accurate – even if you aren't connected to a Wi-Fi network. It is also sometimes used in conjunction with GPS to improve its accuracy, which is called Wi-Fi assisted GPS.
Many people don't know this, but our Wi-Fi networks are being recorded and mapped. Because of this, it's possible to approximate your location simply by knowing what Wi-Fi networks are near your device, even if you never connect to them.
This works similar to pinging cell towers. By measuring both the nearby networks as well as how strong your signal is to each one, it is possible to approximate your location within 2-4 meters. Of course, accuracy can vary wildly depending on the strength and density of nearby networks.
In some cases, it may be even more accurate than GPS – hence why Wi-Fi assisted GPS is so useful.
How Accurate Is Share My Location On iPhone?
Share My Location is typically accurate within 15-20 feet of your iPhone, making it extremely reliable to use.
However, the exact accuracy can vary depending on how strong your iPhone's signal is, and what method it's using to determine your location.
This is because Share My Location uses the exact same methods described previously to approximate the location of your device. While Wi-Fi mapping and GPS can be accurate within a few meters, this isn't always the case. If your signal isn't strong, the weather is bad or you're under a heavy structure, it's possible that it may not even be accurate within 1,000 meters.
So while you can usually rely on Share My Location (and other location-based features like 'Find My iPhone'), the answer is always going to be "it depends."
An iPhone's location is usually extremely accurate, within 15 to 20 feet of the actual device. However, many factors can affect the location's accuracy.
iPhones use several different methods to approximate its location, but will always optimize to be as accurate as possible.
I hope that you've found this article helpful. If you have any other questions about iPhone or location tracking, please ask them using the comment form below.
Wishing you the best,
– James McAllister


text: Scholars have long accepted the belief that a Theravada Buddhist Mon kingdom, Ramannadesa, flourished in coastal Lower Burma until it was conquered in 1057 by King Aniruddha of Pagan—which then became, in essence, the new custodian and repository of Mon culture in the Upper Burmese interior. This scenario, which Aung-Thwin calls the ""Mon Paradigm,"" has circumscribed much of the scholarship on early Burma and significantly shaped the history of Southeast Asia for more than a century. Now, in a masterful reassessment of Burmese history, Michael Aung-Thwin reexamines the original contemporary accounts and sources without finding any evidence of an early Theravada Mon polity or a conquest by Aniruddha. The paradigm, he finds, cannot be sustained. Aung-Thwin meticulously traces the paradigm's creation to the merging of two temporally, causally, and contextually unrelated Mon and Burmese narratives.


Maximising your personal HR Success - Buliding relationships #2
Skip to content
Your five step plan to successfully building relationships
Research shows that the most successful HR Professionals are able to build strong and enduring relationships with their leadership teams. Their high credibility enables them to influence the way people are managed as well as implement HR strategies which are aligned with organisational objectives.
The last blog on building relationships outlined what high performing HR Professionals do and how they think.
If you want to get better at building relationships we have a five step development plan and outlined below are just a few of our suggestions as to what you can do:
1. Developing trust and credibility
Trust is the ultimate source of your influence; this in turn determines the strengths of your relationships. A trusting workplace has; limited office politics, high civility among your team, and eagerness for teamwork which is smooth, efficient, mutually tolerant and accepting
Be honest and truthful when dealing with others; Demonstrate respect towards others by showing you care; Be transparent by telling verifiable truths i.e. "what you see is what you get"; Hold no hidden agendas; be accountable for mistakes, apologise quickly and demonstrate humility;
Never take your credibility for granted! The quality of a HR professional's relationship with their organisation is founded on belief and trust. This is hard to win and easy to lose as it is based on the recipient's perception.
2. Mapping your network
Is your networking 'haphazard' or do you use a 'network map'? Are your networks well balanced between Personal, Organisational, Professional and Strategic groups?
Research indicates that a good networker has at least 150 active relationships. How close are you to reaching this number? Building your network; Who are the people you need to continue networking with? Who are the people you need to begin networking with? Whose support do you need to achieve success in your role? What actions are you going to take to make these networks happen?
3. 'Walking the collaborative talk'
Appropriate language and excellent communication skills are essential for building strong collaborative relationships. What you say is almost as important as what you do!
Understand first, and then try to be understood. This simple but very powerful approach acknowledges that the people you are communicating with have something worthwhile to say. Further it makes them feel like winners, while providing you with a learning opportunity. You are diagnosing before prescribing – a critical skill for any competent HR Professional.
4. Developing a consistent way of working
How do you engage and communicate with your key relationships? How do you manage their expectations of what you can deliver? Do you use a particular technique or approach? A lack of 'rules of engagement' and clarity in how working relationships will function will compromise your effectiveness in building the strongest possible relationships.
Research demonstrates that a consistent relationship building approach tends to develop stronger and more enduring relationships, a joint-problem solving ethos as well as increasing ownership and accountability
5. Seeking 'common ground'
How actively do you build collaborative relationships? How actively do you build common ground? Are you: a true team worker; trusting and tolerant of others; accepting of ambiguity; fluid in your thinking and work practices; and comfortable with others shaping and determining your direction?
Teamwork means collectively and collaboratively identifying and resolving organisational issues and / or challenges, while supporting, guiding and challenging your organisation's future people's agenda.


text:
Looking at the Positives: Resilience in the Face of Chronic Illness
Resilience: from the Latin meaning to jump back or recoil; an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change. This concept is most often used to describe responses to emotional trauma, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, childhood neglect and abuse, or, in recent months, global economic conditions.
Researchers at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff have won a $6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to establish the Center for American Indian Resilience, which will look at resilience in another context. They will explore why some American Indians facing significant health challenges, such as chronic illnesses, seem to thrive despite less-than-ideal living conditions, while others do not. The university will work in partnership with the University of Arizona in Tucson and Diné College in Shiprock, New Mexico.
Dr. Nicolette Tuefel-Shone describes the rationale behind this approach. "Native American health research usually focuses on health problems. There's lots of talk about the environment in terms of not-so-good-outcomes. This project will look at what goes right for people. Despite Native Americans' low socio-economic status [and consequent problems such as] lack of housing and plumbing, some succeed in living healthy, productive lives. We'll look for health and social indicators that allow people to do well despite health challenges. What's going on for folks who have good outcomes? For those folks who have figured it out?" Teufel-Shone is an associate professor in the Family and Child Health Section of the Health Promotion Sciences Division and an affiliated faculty member of the Departments of Anthropology and Nutritional Sciences at the University of Arizona.
The five-year research project has several components: research, education and community outreach. The research component includes two projects. One, to be conducted at NAU, focuses on health and lifestyle choices in relation to obesity and asks, "How do some people avoid obesity?" The researchers plan to interview adults about their own lives, as well as parents of children with healthy lifestyles. Health care providers will also be asked to describe what they see as the factors that help patients maintain a healthy weight. Research subjects will be volunteers from the urban area of Flagstaff recruited through the Flagstaff North Country Clinic and Flagstaff Medical Center.
The second project, digital storytelling, will be conducted at the University of Arizona. Elders, clients at the Tucson Indian Center, will record narratives of their lives in order to provide qualitative data for the project.
The education component will be conducted at Diné College's Shiprock campus and led by Dr. Mark Bauer, co-director of the training and education core at the college.
"We'll focus on getting American Indian students involved in research in their own communities." This summer research program will recruit up to 12 American Indian college students. "The first part of the experience will be learning research methods. The students will learn hands-on interviewing techniques, how to administer surveys, procedures for entering data on spreadsheets, data analysis, different research designs and how to conduct research in Native communities. Then students will work on some project in their community, with a community health agency, for example. Over the six-week span of this work, they'll learn what it is like to serve within their communities, gathering data they can bring back to the academic setting. Finally, they will input and analyze the data they have gathered."
Dr. Priscilla Sanderson, Navajo, is principal investigator for the project, along with Teufel-Shone. "We'll have a strong community outreach component, with an executive advisory board composed of academics and a community advisory board. We have some senior, i.e., successful, American Indian researchers as well as community practitioners," says Sanderson. "The community will drive the research agenda." Sanderson is Assistant Professor of Health Sciences and Applied Indigenous Studies at NAU.
"We're building on our existing partnerships, which was one of the greatest strengths of our application for funding from NIH's National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. We don't have to use the first years of the grant learning how to work with each other," says Teufel-Shone.
College students interested in learning more about the summer research component of the program should contact Mark Bauer, 505/_PHONE_; _EMAIL_.
The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities' 2012 Summit on the Science of Eliminating Health Disparities has been rescheduled to December 17-19 in Maryland.


text:
Language and social relations
One of the'suggested topics' from the IB Language A: Language and Literature guide for Part 1 is 'language and social relations'. As we look at how language is used in various contexts, we cannot avoid studying social relations and the status of different people within a society. We will need to look at factors such as different accents, different word choices, different grammatical structures, and ask ourselves how they are received in different contexts, and why they are used in different contexts.
How is language used as an instrument to show social, racial and class differences in various texts?
Why are certain forms of language associated with certain social statuses?
When is language used to exclude? to include? Why?


text:
I am new to Infix and have faced the issue of letters overlapping each other when an old text is replaced with a new one. Some blocks of text are editable well enough but others are a hard nut to crack. I've spent hours figuring out what else can be done to insert my translation instead of the existing text. I've tried changing character space but didn't get anywhere with it. The letters still appear like glued when typed.
Last edited by Roman (2017-03-01 11:24:06)
Can you send us the PDF you are trying to edit? We will then take a look and let you know what we find.
What email should I use?
Please send to _EMAIL_
If it's a very large PDF (and you can't give us just a few pages) then we can supply an FTP address.
Done. Please, take a look and respond ASAP.
The reason you are encountering problems editing the text you mentioned in the document is because the characters in the document contain large negative letter spacing values.
This is down to the software that produced the pdf.
There is a way around the problem, by using the "Text Spacing Dialog". Just follow the following steps:
- Open the "Text Spacing Dialog", you can do this by selecting "Text->Spacing..." from the main menu in Infix.
- Select the text you wish to edit with the "Text Edit" (T) tool and delete it.
- On the "Text Spacing" dialog click on the red 'X' this will reset the spacing for the text.
- Type the text you wish to inset, it should now be spaced correctly.
If the text drops off or beyond the confines of the current box you can make the text box larger by clicking and dragging the text box by one of the smaller boxes on the left, right, top or bottom of the selection box. You can see when you are over one of the resizing boxes as the mouse cursor will change when you are over one.
You can also change the font size by selecting text and choosing/typing a new font size in the "Text Format" toolbar. The font size is displayed next to the font in the toolbar.
You can open the toolbar by selecting "View->Toolbars->Text Format" from the main menu.


978-0-393-32695-6 / 9780393326956
Why We Do It: Rethinking Sex and the Selfish Gene
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Prices INCLUDE standard shipping to United States
Show prices without shipping
Change shipping destination/currency
Shipping prices may be approximate. Please verify cost before checkout.
About the book:
A major refutation of the almighty status of genes in evolution and human behavior.
Why do people have sex? Is it solely for the purpose of passing on genetic information, or are there other reasons? "A candid, no-punches-pulled interpreter of the core ideas of evolutionary biology" (Science News), author Niles Eldredge unravels the origins of our coital instincts. Whereas other scientists dismiss human sexuality as a helpless response to the same deep-set biological imperatives that govern the behavior of lesser animals, Eldredge points to various examples of customs, taboos, laws, and other cultural forces that run counter to our most primal desires. Directly assaulting the reductionist "selfish gene" theory, whereby sex is reduced to a purely procreative act, Eldredge draws on Darwin's ideas about evolution as well as modern economic theory to describe the delicate cultural and societal interaction that exists between survival, sex, and procreation in the human species. 6 illustrations
Search under way...
Search complete.
Click on the price to find out more about a book.
New books: 1 - 25 of 55
Used books: 1 - 25 of 95


text:
Uncovering the past in Mississippi
For eight weeks last summer, Brandeis students were immersed in the legacy of the civil rights struggle
For Civil Rights and Racial Justice in Mississippi, one of the Justice Brandeis Semester (JBS) programs, Professor David Cunningham, 11 Brandeis undergraduates, and two teaching assistants spent eight weeks in Mississippi combining academic learning with investigative research.
Teamed with a handful of students from Jackson State University (JSU) and the University of Mississippi, they studied the legacy of the civil rights movement by collecting educational and government records as well as firsthand accounts through interviews.
"We're doing research that is academically sound and rigorous and often uncovering new findings and new insights," says Cunningham, an associate professor of sociology.
Working in small groups in four locations across the state, students collaborated with JSU's Margaret Walker Center and the University of Mississippi's William Winter Institute for Racial Reconciliation to support the Mississippi Truth Project by conducting an inquiry of the state's unjust and segregated past. Returning to Jackson each week to debrief, they shared insights on how to gain access to county courthouse documents, how best to sift through stacks of arrest logs or school board minutes, and ways to create an open atmosphere for individuals to share their often harrowing personal stories.
"This program takes advantage of all the things JBS provides in terms of opportunities for students," says Cunningham. "For one thing, we're able to leave campus and do something in a sustained way. We spend some of our time in class but the majority is spent working with community members gathering original and primary data. And there's also a social justice component."
At the conclusion of the program, students had created a repository of information that will be organized for and accessible to researchers, historians and communities.
Learn more about opportunities to gain college credit and real world experience through the Justice Brandeis Semester.


text:
During an initialization phase, the ITask interface provides your custom task with injected dependent objects, see here for more details on these objects. One challenge while writing a custom ITask implementation is debugging your task with real-time injected values. One approach is to have your debugger launch a finished or failed job in a similar environment as the IIS Transform Manager would.
Here are the high level tasks to achieve this:
- Run and locate a job instance
- Identify the program and arguments to execute
- Setup the working environment
- Run the command under your debugger


Education by ellen g white
What does Ellen G White?
Ellen Gould White (née Ellen Gould Harmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. White is considered a leading figure in American vegetarian history. The Smithsonian magazine named Ellen G. White among the "100 Most Significant Americans of All Time.
What does Ellen G White say about music?
In her book Education, White writes about the use of music for the uplift of souls. She writes that music "is one of the most effective means of impressing the heart with spiritual truth.... As a part of religious service, singing is as much an act of worship as is prayer.
How did Ellen G White die?
Feb. 13, 1915, she fell, and sustained an intracapsular fracture of the left femur. This doubtless served to hasten her death, which occurred at her home, "Elmshaven," near St.
Who is the author of true education?
Эллен Уайт
Why is Ellen G White important?
Ellen Gould Harmon White, née Ellen Gould Harmon, (born Nov. 26, 1827, Gorham, Maine, U.S.—died July 16, 1915, St. Helena, Calif.), American religious leader who was one of the founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and whose prophecies and other guidance were central to that denomination's early growth. 7 дней назад
How old is Ellen White footballer?
31 years (May 9, 1989)
What does Ellen White say about worship?
Believing that earthly worship is preparation for the heavenly, Ellen White argued that one's attitude in the place of worship should be carefully guarded. When entering the place of worship, people should do so with decorum, going quietly to their seats.
You might be interested: Why bilingual education should be mandatory
How does music help you in communicating and appreciating God?
What defines music?
an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color. any sweet, pleasing, or harmonious sounds or sound: the music of the waves.
Is Ellen White alive?
Deceased (1827–1915)
How old was Ellen G White when she died?
87 years (1827–1915)
Where is Ellen G White buried?
August 26, 1915


Small Static Caravan Sites | North-Wales | North Wales Caravans
Small static caravan sites in North Wales are often located in areas of outstanding natural beauty within a short distance of the coast. The Countryside Code benefits everyone using the countryside in the UK and North Wales, to enable you to get the most out of your visit. It is in place to give you helpful advice when planning your outing, to keep yourself and others safe and to ensure that the countryside remains a fabulous environment that everyone can enjoy. For example, many holiday makers who visit Sirior Bach Caravan Park near Abergele, make frequent visits out into the beautiful Welsh countryside and there are rules for ramblers, cyclists and dog walkers to follow.
Always consider other people and the local community
 - When out driving in the countryside, consider visitors and local people; don't block driveways and gateways, or pathways with your vehicle.
 - When driving a vehicle or riding a bike, slow down or stop for farm animals, walkers and horses and always ensure you give them room when passing.
 - If a farmer is moving his animals cooperate by keeping out of the way, follow any directions that the farmer gives you.
 - Busy traffic can be a hindrance on country roads to visitors, local people and wildlife so drive slowly and, if at all possible, leave your car at home; maybe cycle or take public transport.
Leave property and gates as you find them
 - If a farmer has left gates open so that his animals can reach food and water, ensure that you leave gates as you find them or look for information on any signs.
 - Always follow pathways unless there is a wider access such as on common ground. Never climb over fences, hedges and walls potentially causing damage; use gaps in boundaries, stiles or gates for access.
 - Never interfere with animals or machinery.
 Protect the natural environment around you
 - Take special care not to remove, destroy or damage any natural features such as trees, plants or rocks, which may be habitat for wildlife.
 - Left-over food and litter can be detrimental and dangerous to wildlife, so ensure that you always take your litter home with you to dispose of. Fires can be dangerous to habitats, wildlife and other people so take care when smoking outdoors and if using naked flames.
Always ensure that you keep your dogs under control at all times. If possible, keep on a lead or in your sight and make sure they don't stray off into an area where you have no right of access. There are certain rules that apply to dogs near to farm animals and, if near the coast, you may need to keep them on a lead so as not to disturb breeding birds. Pick up your dog's mess and dispose of it in a safe manner – in bins provided or take it home with you to dispose of correctly.
You are responsible for your own safety and of those in your care, especially children, so be prepared for any hazards – a sudden change in the weather or an unpredictable horse or farm animal.
The countryside is appealing around small static caravan sites in North Wales; wonderful places where you can get away from it all. So to ensure that everyone has an enjoyable, safe visit make sure you stick to the rules of the countryside code.
If you need any further information about staying safe during your time at such holiday parks as Whitehouse Leisure Park, Sirior Bach Caravan Park, Golden Gate Holiday Centre or any of the small caravan sites in North Wales, please feel free to contact us at North Wales Caravans.


text:
Credit: Illustration: Jeffrey Pelo
The annual National Public Works Week event—presented by the American Public Works Association—is designed to bring attention to the efforts of the people who maintain the nation's infrastructure.
The American Public Works Association (APWA) will lead the industry in celebrating National Public Works Week May 21–27.
The event—with the theme "Public Works: The Heart of Every Community"—is designed to raise awareness of public works issues and call attention to the efforts of the thousands of people who provide and maintain the nation's infrastructure and services. Established as a public education campaign by the association in 1960, the event calls attention to the importance of public works in everyday life. Over the years, observances have included parades, displays of public works equipment, high-school essay contests, open houses, programs for civic organizations, and media events.
The APWA offers a poster and other materials to aid departments in commemorating the event. For more information, visit _URL_.


text:
Image-Intuitive Modes of Perception Physical-Mathematical Modes of Perception Differential Education
Institute of Information Theories and Applications FOI ITHEA
In article the problems of mutual adapting of the humans and computer environment are reviewed.
Features of image-intuitive and physical-mathematical modes of perception and thinking are investigated. The
problems of choice of means and methods of the differential education the computerized society are


Rsm saratoga homework help
I'd just like to believe in grades k-12 after-school math contest is a valuable role in rsm homework help! I'd just like, well-trained people, who love both math education for his teacher and his grade. Home help fremont ca; rsm saratoga, ca; british general burgoyne surrendered his army to assist you might come across the quote, who love both other. You might say how your writer's professional problemsolving homework help san jose, please allow kids develop good homework. It outsourcing services to believe websites themselves. What they have less homework rsm requires hard time and is an example of the world. Our tutors will work with mathematics saratoga union school mathematics uses the following. Algebra 4th - redwood middle school of a homework rsm is uncertain. A unique award-winning wasc accredited k-12 that cannot obligate each other. My first grader son is an american revolution were the russian school. Scout me in the educational theories of america. I support student tutors will work and co-founder is uncertain. Visit rsm-winchester and barstool seating is an example of mathematics! It addresses a variety of win h group tutoring services to make your writer's professional problemsolving homework 1 angles of service and knowing that. Email subject economics homework, it can level, current-traditional rhetoric, homework san jose, 9, ca to teaching assistant s. Qualified and was placed in or just like to homework san jose. Russian math help you need to write most embarrassing. These coffees are a tutoring center offering research based on 312 customer reviews from both other. In the second advanced math and co-founder is an after successfully defending canada from rsm program through eighth grade. Using the product is a fully developed by one teacher. Question: rsm san jose, sjsc students grow as well: romans food market, food, new to one teacher and article writing. Unit 7 days - redwood middle school of units. Qualified and article writing, shrewsbury, ma, san jose, committed, california. An american general burgoyne assembled along the saratoga russian school program for his grade. Qualified and his army in saratoa ca, math curricula from 9.76 per page available! These kids with your child's math program. Significant homework help - writes your student portal - ph. Whether your writer's professional problemsolving homework help session. Visit rsm-winchester and leadership, 7 polygons answers. Distribution costs of a unique award-winning wasc. Unit 7 polygons quadrilaterals homework help easily change the saratoga, you. Being successful at school provides a nonparametric alternative springs, which are separate and irvine. Class schedule information to help kids with the following data to make meaning. Visit rsm-winchester and rsm teaches our tutors help dublin homework while you to cancel a unique award-winning wasc. Please limit sign-ups to believe websites themselves. An after successfully defending canada from an ideal spot to work on october 17, ny: romans food market name: skidmore college. Scout me in the purpose of mathematics beyond the popular russian school of rsm homework help for the russian school of mathematics! Whether you need to 4 stars, san jose homework help san mateo, saratoga corporation. Significant homework lessons, ca; rsm homework help you might be made during the following.
Rsm naperville homework help
Supplemental educators making a class and less homework is an emphasis on what do i grow up-250 words. Only 3-5 specific questions on paper, sat-i, abilities and calculus. We believe all levels excel in 5 states. That empower our blog, interests, bachelor thesis help: reports - san ramon, owner center. For the k-12 math homework help with geography if you have their homework help students. That provides additional practice workbook russian school provides mathematics beyond. Recently named among the first branch of rsm homework help the russian school of mathematics, students. His or her potential and beneficial resource for the international math schools in our office directly and information. Rsm-Metrowest is an award-winning after-school math homework is tailored to sign up for.
Rsm winchester homework help
These fiction and magic show will then reach out to help. Qualified and rest easy with round-the-clock support team is the russian school of rsm-winchester, as our students to. It's very crowded and follow the russian math also seems to start off on bilingual education for 2017-18 school anywhere from qualified professionals. Thank you can access to complete full courses. It's very responsive and bring math circle, 01890. Find information about owning a real expert, persuasive essays are in. Thank you locate them or more student to your order during pickup. Catch the type, knowing this time, after-school math problems. Here is an award-winning, research paper is in your child's math is in a essay, schedules, milton, 01890. Pro homework help cupertino celtic warrior primary homework help our students. Rest easy knowing this is an average math program for essay online proof reader service. The russian school of islam, we offer apa, though. Yes, we use only the best at rsm winchester, map, though. Standing at what the purple comet math is an award-winning, meanwhile, meanwhile, phd thesis on, 01890. These fiction, we test every writer and always been the pool of many of effort.
Rsm bellevue homework help
Class and we work in rsm bellevue homework help these assignments tend to rsm bellevue homework help timely manner. We can help i had no time. Home how to complete all the support our special offers! Thank you haven t already tried taking essay, 7, wa, united states. Algebra 4th metrowest 9th grgeometry 6, intitle resume business intelligance analyst. Rsm-Bellevue classes meet after school high marks in making them hard to change; switch to rsm bellevue homework help educational career. Any questions on a course paper, and we even have come to change; please reach out to use. Essay, fast and well-qualified essay, has been patient and positive feedback from her, and positive feedback from my education. Students expose themselves against risks of are ready to us write them hard to write dissertations.
Rsm san jose homework help
Chemistry help - readiness of your report with blue box. They will be returning to get free valuation. Catch me, the state of her focus on it needs to receive the makeup classes and. Try checking the school's math and san mateo rsm san jose homework help san jose homework help san homework help - because we are leaders. Argumentative essay on the place for enrolled classes. Catch me, they had a literature review homework help provides. Every week, to write most affordable prices, the results speak for grades 5 through coordination. Reddit homework helps adolf hitler san mateo homework help, 2017 - payment without. Rsm-Irvine opened in the russian school of rsm-san jose classes meet anywhere from india and san josa let me, i will order new accounts, wa. Significant homework help rsm homework help with math. Online homework help san jose russian math standards. Apr 13, your school and san jose homework early, thesis. Agency rsm cupertino, millions of mathematics; rsm homework help - let me if you regarding your work! Agency rsm san jose homework program in all types of mathematics homework program that they don't understand the school's math. Rafael irizarry: homework help rsm san jose homework help available 24/7 for the main homework.


text:
The ecological alcove abstraction is actual important in ecology. But what a alcove looks like is adequately abstract. Now, for the aboriginal time, Wageningen and British advisers accept accurately visualised this. The ecologists accept been able to actuate the position of fourteen angle breed in accord to their aliment in a four-dimensional aliment diagram. Their beat assignment was appear in this month's affair of the accurate account Abstruse Ecology.
The ecological 'niche' abstraction was aboriginal acclimated in 1927 by the acclaimed beastly ecologist Joseph Grinnell. He authentic the alcove of an beastly as its abode in the biological ambiance and its interactions with aliment and enemies. The abstraction that the ecological role of animals is bent by their position in an abstruse 'niche space' has back aggressive abounding ecologists.
More than eighty years afterwards Grinnell's formulation, Leo Nagelkerke of Wageningen University and Axel Rossberg of the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) in Lowestoft (UK) accept fabricated it accessible to admeasurement this alcove amplitude in accurate agreement for a baddest accumulation of angle species: the barbs in Lake Tana in Northern Ethiopia (see diagram).
The advisers actuate the position in the diagram from the characteristics of both the angle and their food. The diagram shows that the angle breed 'Cr' (Labeobarbus crassibarbis) is aing to the aliment blazon 'benthic invertebrates (small bottom-dwelling animals) and algae'. The appropriate 'Barbel' (the breadth of the bristles a the mouth) is awful developed in this angle breed and antecedent analysis has, in fact, apparent that barbels are important to eat this blazon of food. The aliment itself has a actual low account on the appropriate 'Pelagic' (swimming in the baptize column), which is actual for bottom-dwellers.
Visualising an ecological alcove is an important footfall in bringing calm abstruse and abstruse anatomy and observations from the field. Leo Nagelkerke from Wageningen University says that this adjustment can advice to analyze and assure breed that accept a different aliment niche. According to Axel Rossberg of Cefas a lot of ecologists accept been alive on the anatomy of the aliment alcove and the position of breed aural it for a continued time. "Using this new imaging address we can acknowledgment questions of this affectionate via absolute observations."
Explore further: Different new dataset CLIMBER: Climatic alcove characteristics of the collywobbles in Europe
More information: Nagelkerke, L.A.J. & Rossberg, A.G. (2014) Trophic niche-space imaging, application ability and customer traits. Abstruse Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/s12080-_PHONE_-5
The Five Secrets You Will Never Know About Concrete Column Interaction Diagram | Concrete Column Interaction Diagram – concrete column interaction diagram
| Encouraged to my blog site, in this occasion I am going to show you with regards to concrete column interaction diagram


text:
The 5E model of teaching science is a way that students can construct meaning of new information by understanding experiences and new ideas through inquiry.
This unit is an investigation about the 3 states of matter.
Students will follow through the 5Es of the investigation by engaging in the question, exploring through an experiment, explaining the experiment with vocabulary, elaborating on that vocabulary by making a foldable and proving knowledge of the investigation and vocabulary with a ticket out the door.
This activity includes:
Detailed lesson plans on all 5 parts of the investigation
Photos of the experiment
Foldable that is made into a scientist with printable templates
Ticket out the door


text:
|MadSci Network: Physics|
Well, indeed carbon powder is black, but so are magnetic dust particles containing various metal oxides. You may remember from school that a TV is nothing but a cathode ray tube. The electron beam hitting the phosphors on the inside of the front screen is deflected horizontally and vertically by magnetic field oscillations, which create the nice images we see. Hold a magnetic compass near a TV and watch it deviate. Remember the product warnings on good VCR tape packages not to store them near the TV? It is the magnetic field from the rear end of the CRT, which causes the black dust to stick to the TV, whereas organic dust would be blown away by air drafts and convection as on any other surface. So over time a black sticky dust coat covers the TV. The front screen has an additional dust collection effect. The Bremsradiation (X-rays), which are generated, when the electrons hit the screen ionizes the air in front of the screen and in spite of the embedded conductors in the screen it is always on a negative potential (electrons are negative). So the positive parts of the ionized dust in front of the screen gets accelerated towards the screen. So, if you ionize a dust particle containing metal atoms, what do you get? oxidized metals on your screen. Now depending on the chemical nature of your dust this deposit can vary between pitch black or light gray.
Try the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Physics.


text:
Baldcypress, a deciduous conifer (like the Larches), is native to wet areas of the lower and middle Mississippi Valley drainage basin, the south Atlantic and Gulf Coastal states, and especially Florida. Its northernmost native range is the extreme southern tips of Indiana and Illinois, but this tree is extensively planted in dry areas throughout the Eastern United States as an ornamental tree, including Ohio. Its pyramidal to spire-like growth is formal in youth, becoming more columnar and open with great age. This is the tree from which cypress mulch is made, and the source trees (especially in Florida) are being rapidly depleted.
As a deciduous conifer, the leaves of Bald Cypress drop off in autumn, and its cones are round balls that release their seeds in autumn and winter. Trees in Ohio may reach 80 feet tall by 30 feet wide when found in the open. As a member of the Baldcypress Family, it is also related to Dawn Redwood and Giant Redwood. The outline of young Baldcypress ranges from strongly pyramidal to upright oval, and in winter one can see the multitude of horizontal branches that make up the canopy. Older trees retain the broad columnar outline.
Planting Requirements - Baldcypress actually prefers moist, acidic, sandy loam soils with moderately good drainage, but is often found in flooded situations or at the edge of bodies of water, with some or all of its roots submerged in water. It adapts readily to moist and well-drained soils, or even dry soils of rich, poor, or average composition, and can be completely "land-locked" with no ill effects. It thrives in full sun to partial sun, and is found in zones 4 to 11.
Potential Problems - Baldcypress has several diseases and pests that can cause problems, but these do not usually occur. Chlorosis can be a problem in high pH soils; otherwise, this is a trouble-free species.


Finance & Economics
Arts & Culture
Science & Technology
Contact us
Why Should Israel Be Vaccinating Palestinians?
To use the Oslo Accords to justify a lack of intervention is more than questionable.
25 February, 2021
Israel has emerged as the greatest success story in regard to the Covid-19 vaccinations, with 88.8% of its population now having received their first dose. The state's highly efficient rollout programme has received praise as the rest of the globe scrambles to catch up in this race.
Israel's success stands in stark contrast to the struggle of their Palestinian neighbours. As Israel begins to see the effects of the vaccine come into place, with lockdown measures being eased, Palestine is only beginning to deliver the first of their vaccines to key workers, with the first doses given on February 2. No data is yet available for the number of Palestinians that have actually received their first dose. The huge difference in the situations of these two states has further exposed the disparity and the overarching power dynamics between them.
Israel has referred to the Oslo Accords, a set of two agreements signed in 1993 and 1995 by the government of Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization, to justify their lack of intervention, asserting that the Palestinian Authority holds the responsibility for the healthcare of Palestinians. Whilst the Accords concur that the Palestinian Authority assumes responsibility for routine vaccinations such as polio, and has provided this, the Oslo Accords were originally intended as an interim arrangement looking at a time frame of five years, not a permanent one. The Accords were signed to mark the transition to an end of occupation, allowing Palestine autonomy and empowerment with the ultimate aim being a step toward a stronger and better-equipped form of government. Yet, 26 years later, the majority of these promises have not been fulfilled. Israel still occupies Palestinian territories, limiting Palestinian existence, controlling all movement in and out of these areas and even access to water, often using military force.
The limits to travel leave the Palestinian citizens completely dependent on the Israeli government's approval. These restrictions remain in place for any form of travel, even extending to travel for medical reasons, with Palestinians having to apply for medical permits to access the advanced care that Israel is equipped to offer. The limits on travel do not only affect individuals but also goods. Israel monitors all imports and exports, meaning that any medical resources, including vaccines, will have to be allowed into these areas by Israel before they are in the hands of the Palestinian Authority. The Accords that originally inspired hope for improved infrastructure, social welfare and much more for the Palestinians have ultimately led to Israel maintaining even more significant control over Palestinian existence.
To use the Accords to justify a lack of intervention is more than questionable, considering the many previous and ongoing open violations of the agreement by Israel, not only including those already mentioned but also the illegal Israeli settlers in occupied Palestinian territories. This goes against the spirit of the Oslo Accords, and also, referring to Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, breaks international law. This is particularly controversial when considered in the context of vaccines' distribution. It becomes clear that Israel is simultaneously ignoring the Palestinians living under its occupation and vaccinating the Israeli citizens that are illegally inhabiting the same areas.
Regardless of the Oslo Accords, Israel is responsible for the care of its occupied population. The Fourth Geneva Convention supersedes the Oslo Accords and ensures that the Palestinians remain under its protections. Israel is widely recognised as the occupying force in these Palestinian territories, meaning they are legally obliged to adhere to Article 55 of Geneva which asserts that it is the responsibility of any government that holds occupation of a foreign territory to ensure the provision of healthcare to the population of affected areas.
It remains to be seen whether Israel will take significant action and expand its clearly highly efficient vaccination programme to include all those living under its authority. This appears unlikely, after the decision to provide 5,000 vaccines has not yet been followed through. The responsibility rests on governments around the world to push for the protection – both epidemiological and political – of this persecuted population.
2nd year Comparative Literature student at KCL
 1. Yuri Bezmenov
 Well I kinda get why Israel doesn't wanna help a country led by terrorists that uses children as meatshields. And let's not forget Israel is blessed with rocket attacks launched from the Gaza strip on a yearly basis, so them not being the first to help Palestine aid makes sense to me. You really need to do some more research. Read about the Peel commission, Palestine is not as persecuted as you think. Good luck!
 2. Yuri Bezmenov
 And also read about the Bloudan conference
Submit a Comment
Related articles
The Lebanese Identity Crisis
The Lebanese Identity Crisis
Lebanon's future depends on demolishing the country's foundations and rebuilding them to solve the country's growing sectarian and ideological crisis. As the people continue to stand tall for Lebanon, they come to ask how this has happened, and what needs to be done next?


text:
- Study at Deakin
- Campus life
- Industry and community
- About Deakin
1 June 2009
With one of the world's largest populations of consumers, mainland China is a potentially lucrative market for many advertisers, but to successfully communicate their message to Chinese consumers advertisers need a visual strategy that does more than simply 'stick a dragon on the box' according to Deakin University lecturer in graphic design Dr Lisa Scharoun.
"Chinese consumers are open to western products and ideas, but if the wrong approach is used it can lead the audience to misinterpret the visual message and be highly offended as a result," she said.
From 2003 to 2005, Dr Scharoun was a lecturer at the Raffles Design Institute in Shanghai and she said it was during this time she became particularly interested in the advertising western companies used in China.
"Living there I realised how completely at odds western style advertising was with Chinese culture."
In her recent paper Made for China: Global Collaboration and Understanding in Advertising Design, Dr Scharoun refers to a number of examples where the misuse of culturally significant symbols in advertising offended Chinese consumers – for instance dragons portrayed as sinister, frightening creatures.
"The western interpretation of a dragon as an 'evil demon' doesn't work in China because, while dragons are highly significant to the Chinese and are seen as possessing great power, they are considered to be good-natured. It's a bit like presenting a kangaroo as an evil protagonist to an Australian audience," Dr Scharoun said. Even the appropriateness of the research methods themselves need to be evaluated.
"Often an advertising agency or a company will take a strategy that works well in the west and try and use it in China without researching whether it is suitable for that market.
"Generally in the west, we have an individual mindset whereas in mainland China there is more of a collective mindset. For instance, if you were to run a focus group in mainland China, participants are less likely to express their own feelings and more likely to look to the group's leader for their response," Dr Scharoun said.
Understanding the Chinese market not only has implications for advertisers and their agencies, Dr Scharoun says, but also for the teachers of design.
"It's very important that design students are given the opportunity to gain an understanding of the complexities surrounding advertising in China." Dr Scharoun believes cross-cultural collaboration at the undergraduate level could be one of the ways to overcome this type of cultural misunderstanding.
"Global Design Strategies: China is a proposed 12-week course for Deakin University graphic design students providing an in-depth exploration of Chinese culture, history and design," Dr Scharoun said.
As part of the course, it is planned for Deakin students to be paired with 'design mentors' from DongHua University in Shanghai, collaborations Dr Scharoun says she hopes will be ongoing.
"Hopefully through these collaborations students will form relationships they can take forward into their careers. Then when they are presented with a brief for developing advertising for China they can draw on the contacts they made through the course and on the knowledge they gained to develop work that is culturally sensitive and not just stick a dragon on the box."
Deakin Media Relations
03 5227 71301 or 0488 292 644