text:
Off-campus UMass Amherst users: To download campus access dissertations, please use the following link to log into our proxy server with your UMass Amherst user name and password.
Non-UMass Amherst users: Please talk to your librarian about requesting this dissertation through interlibrary loan.
Dissertations that have an embargo placed on them will not be available to anyone until the embargo expires.
Author ORCID Identifier
Open Access Dissertation
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Year Degree Awarded
Month Degree Awarded
Agricultural and Resource Economics | Behavioral Economics | Econometrics
%!TEX root =../degeest2017dissertation.tex
Environmental protection often relies on cooperation between individuals in uncoordinated groups. In cases such as the management of common-pool resources, individuals must not only monitor and enforce behavior within their group to prevent over-exploitation. They must also contend with external threats on the resource like poaching. This dissertation studies how individuals cooperate to manage shared resources and deter shared threats.
The first chapter, "Deterring poaching of a common-pool resource", considers the problem of deterring a threat that cannot be perfectly observed. I present results from common pool resource experiments designed to examine the ability of a group of resource users, called insiders, to simultaneously manage their own exploitation and defend their resource from encroachment by outsiders. The insiders can use communication, peer monitoring and sanctions to coordinate their decisions. In addition, they can sanction any outsiders they observe. I vary the insiders' ability to observe and sanction the outsiders from no observability to partial and full observability. I find a striking non-monotonicity between observability of the outsiders and levels of poaching. Poaching was higher under partial monitoring than zero monitoring, and was lower and more stable under full monitoring. Although full observability allowed the insiders to better coordinate their own harvests, they were unable to fully deter poaching because their sanctions were far too low and they were unwilling to punish low levels of poaching.
The second chapter, "Defending public goods and common-pool resources", studies cooperation and deterrence of a shared threat in different strategic environments. In many real-world social dilemmas, groups of individuals must cooperate to create surplus and defend it from theft. Theft can either foster or discourage collective action. On the one hand, a shared threat can align individual incentives. On the other hand, surplus creation may decrease if individuals are unsure how group members will contribute towards defense. Moreover, there is literature that suggests cooperation is sensitive to whether individual actions confer positive externalities (public goods, PG) or negative externalities (common-pool resources, CPR) on group members -- the "cooperation divergence". To examine the relationship between cooperation and defense in different externality settings, I conduct an experiment in which a group of insiders providing a public good or conserving a common-pool resource must coordinate to deter outsiders from stealing the value of their surplus. Our theory predicts that theft will have no different effect on behavior across externality settings. However, I find that it does. Surplus creation is significantly higher in the CPR treatment, while surplus defense is significantly higher in the PG treatment. Across both treatments, I find that the shared threat increases variation within groups, but the effect is more dramatic in the PG treatment.
Finally, the third chaper, "Enforcement networks in social dilemmas", studies how enforcement emerges and evolves in the first chapter. Sanctions can increase cooperation in social dilemmas, but they impose a high social cost until a credible threat to non-cooperative behavior is established. Moreover, credible threats depend on enforcement structure. For example, small sanctions implemented by many subjects may have a different impact on behavior than the same volume of sanctions meted out by a single subject. In order to understand how credible threats to deviant behavior emerge, it is therefore necessary to study how enforcement structure emerges and evolves in groups. I study enforcement structure by taking a network approach to data from a social dilemma experiment with peer punishment. The exchange of sanctions between subjects can be framed as a directed, weighted network that evolves, enabling us to use tools from network structure to summarize, predict and simulate behavior. I first visualize and summarize the structure of these networks and show that enforcement structure is non-random and tends to cluster around a few individuals. I then model network formation and network efficiency using an empirical framework that separately considers edge formation (a binary sanctioning event) from edge weight (sanction size) and find that subjects respond more to the act of being sanctioned rather than the volume of sanctions. Finally, I recover the underlying Markov process governing enforcement structure and simulate expected long-run behavior. I conclude with a discussion of how my approach can be used to study generalized exchange networks.
Geest, Lawrence, "Three Essays on Defending Common-Pool Resources" (2017). Doctoral Dissertations. 1083.


Starfinder Acrobatics Skill
Acrobatics (Dex; Armor Check Penalty)
Acrobatics Skill
Key Ability Dexterity
Use Untrained Yes
Armor Check Penalty Yes
Class Skill For Envoy, Operative, Solarian, Soldier
You can keep your balance while traversing narrow or treacherous surfaces, escape from restraints, and tumble to avoid attacks. You also use Acrobatics to determine the success of difficult maneuvers while flying.
As part of a move action, you can use Acrobatics to move across narrow surfaces and uneven ground without falling. A successful check allows you to move at half your land speed across such a surface. While balancing, you are flat-footed. If you fail the Acrobatics check to begin moving across a narrow surface or uneven ground, your move action ends at the point just before you'd need to begin balancing. If you fail the check while already balancing (having succeeded on a previous turn), you fall prone and the GM may rule that you start falling, depending on the type of surface you are moving across.
If you take damage while balancing, you must immediately attempt an Acrobatics check at the initial DC. On a success, you remain balancing (and can continue to move if it is your turn). If you fail, you fall prone and, depending on the type of surface you are balancing upon, the GM can rule that you start falling. You can't take 20 on Acrobatics checks to balance.
The DCs for Acrobatics checks to balance are based on the width of the surface you are traversing, but can also be adjusted based on environmental circumstances such as slope and surface conditions. Such modifiers are cumulative; use all that apply.
Surface WidthDC
Greater than 3 feet wide*0
3–1 feet wide*5
11–7 inches wide10
6-2 inches wide15
Less than 2 inches wide20
*No Acrobatics check is needed to move across these surfaces unless a DC modifier (see the table below) increases the DC to 10 or higher.
Circumstance*DC Modifier
Slightly obstructed (gravel, sand)+2
Severely obstructed (cavern, rubble)+5
Slightly slippery (wet)+2
Severely slippery (icy)+5
Slightly sloped (<45 degrees)+2
Severely sloped (>45 degrees)+5
Slightly unsteady (rough space ight)+2
Moderately unsteady (jostled spacecraft)+5
verely unsteady (earthquake)+10
* These circumstances apply to the balance and tumble tasks of Acrobatics and the jump task of Athletics.
You can use Acrobatics to escape from grapples, pins, and restraints. Attempting to escape from a grapple or pin is a standard action. On a success, you free yourself from the grapple or pin and no longer have the grappled or pinned condition. The DC to escape a grapple or pin is typically 10 + the grappler's Kinetic Armor Class. Escaping from restraints can take 1 minute or more, depending on the type of restraint. The DC to escape from restraints is based on the nature of the restraints and sometimes the CR of the creature that did the binding (see the table below). You can take 20 on Acrobatics checks to escape from most restraints, but not on checks to escape grapples.
Grappled or pinned10 + grappler's KAC
Restrained by bindings/rope20 + 1-1/2 × opponent's CR
Restrained by manacles30
The basic rules for flight and how to move while flying are found at Movement and Position. Generally, you need to attempt an Acrobatics check while flying only if you attempt a difficult maneuver or are in dangerous wind conditions. Usually, these checks are attempted as part of a move action while flying. You receive a bonus or penalty to Acrobatics checks to fly depending on your maneuverability: a –8 penalty for clumsy maneuverability, no bonus for average maneuverability, or a +8 bonus for perfect maneuverability.
The following situations require Acrobatics checks and have consequences for failure. The DCs for such checks are based on the current wind and air conditions and other factors determined by the GM. You can't take 20 on Acrobatics checks to fly.
The DCs for Acrobatics checks to fly are based on the prevailing wind conditions. The following chart provides the base DCs for air conditions, whether an Acrobatics check is required to fly in those air conditions, and whether a creature can take 10 on an Acrobatics check to fly. These wind conditions typically represent fairly clear skies and consistent wind speeds. The DC increases by as much as 5 for choppy wind or airborne debris, or 10 for both.
Wind ConditionsDCCheck Required?Take 10?
Light to moderate (0-20 mph)15NoYes
Strong (21-30 mph)17NoYes
Severe (31-50 mph)19NoYes
Windstorm (51-74 mph)27YesNo
Hurricane Force (75-174 mph)33YesNo
Tornado Force (175+ mph)39YesNo
As long as you do not have the encumbered or overburdened condition, you can use Acrobatics to move through a space threatened by an enemy or enemies without provoking attacks of opportunity from them. Tumbling is a move action, and you move at half speed. The DC to move through an opponent's threatened area is 15 + 1-1/2 × the opponent's CR. If multiple opponents are threatening the same space, you attempt one check with a DC based on the opponent with the highest CR, and the DC increases by 2 for each additional opponent beyond the first.
You can also tumble directly through an opponent's space; the DC is 20 + 1-1/2 × the opponent's CR. If you fail this check, you stop moving adjacent to your opponent and provoke an attack of opportunity.
If you attempt to move through multiple threatened spaces or opponents' spaces during the same round, you must succeed at a check for each space, and the DC of each check beyond the first increases by 2. For example, if you tumble through a space threatened by two CR 1 creatures and a CR 2 creature, the DC = 15+3+2+2=22.Ifyouthentumblethroughthespaceofthe CR 2 creature, the DC = 20 + 3 + 2 = 25.
In all of these cases, the DC is modified by the same environmental circumstances that apply to the balance task of Acrobatics. If you fail the check, you provoke attacks of opportunity as normal. If you want to move at full speed while tumbling, you take a –10 penalty to the check. You can use Acrobatics to tumble while prone, but you can move only 5 feet as a full action and take a –5 penalty to the check.
Use the following base DCs for Acrobatics checks to tumble.
Move through a threatened area15 + 1-1/2 × opponent's CR
Move through an enemy's space20 + 1-1/2 × opponent's CR
* The DC increases by 2 for each additional threatened space or opponent's space you move through in 1 round.
Section 15: Copyright Notice


Downloading the Recovery Package
You must download an updated copy of the Recovery Package file before and after making grid topology changes to the StorageGRID Webscale system and before and after upgrading the software. The Recovery Package file allows you to restore the system if a failure occurs.
Before you begin
 1. Select Maintenance > Recovery Package.
 2. Enter the provisioning passphrase, and click Start Download.
 The download starts immediately.
 3. When the download completes:
 1. Open the.zip file.
 3. Extract the inner.zip file.
 4. Confirm you can open the Passwords.txt file.


text:
Ukrainian meteorologists will be able to share hydrometeorological observation data and forecasts with foreign services.
In the long run, this should contribute to the implementation of high-quality hydrometeorological observations and observations of the level of environmental pollution. It is planned that in Ukraine the efficiency of forecasting will increase in general.
Hydrometeorological information and forecasts play a significant role for Ukrainian society. The World Meteorological Organization notes that the vast majority of material and human losses are caused by natural disasters on Earth. In turn, the UN reports that almost 90% of natural disasters are related to weather and climate. Therefore, the improvement of hydrometeorology in the country will allow us to respond more effectively to the challenges caused by changes in nature.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Cooling Tower Rentals
Cooling Towers are used with water-cooled chillers to condense the refrigerant and remove the refrigerant heat. Cooling towers are used to absorb heat and reject heat which is extracted from chiller systems, they use water or evaporation of water as a medium to remove this heat. La Brea Air has both Direct and Indirect Cooling Towers
Direct or Evaporative Cooling Towers remove heat from the condenser water loop by allow the air to come in contact and rely on the evaporation of the water to further cool the water. Fluid Cooler (Indirect or Closed Loop) cooling tower rentals have a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid the water and air never come in contact. La Brea Air rents both types of Cooling Towers (Evporative and Indirect or Fluid Cooler). There are two types of cooling tower rentals, you may rent one to supplement or replace your existing cooling tower that my be down for repair, maintenance or you may rent on along with one of our water-cooled chillers or packaged units. These cooling towers come in various sizes from 10 to 300 tons and they come on carts, skids or trailers. These cooling towers come complete with fused disconnects, condenser pump, a reasonable amount of cam lock hose and power cables to provide a fully operation cooling system. Some of the advantages of using a water-cooled cooling system are better efficiency an, lower power requirements. For instance a water cooled vs a air cooled chiller would use less KW to operate and use less power and draw less power than an air-coooled DX system
Large Indirect Fluid Cooler - 150 Ton
Emergency 150 Ton Large Indirect Fluid Cooler


Board Game – Ocean
This activity is only for Subscribers. Please visit to subscribe.
1. Pick the number of players.
2. Assign appropriate deck(s) for each player, then click Next.
3. Maximize/minimize your screen in the top right corner.
4. Pick a card from the black Holistic Learning card deck for that student.
5. Spin the wheel.
6. Move the appropriate spaces.
7. Repeat step 4+ for the next player(s).
echo '';


text:
Just about every pasture or horse property on the planet has undesirable plants or weeds on it. What weeds, trees, and shrubs are poisonous to your horses? What do you do if your horse has eaten one of them? How can you get rid of those weeds?
About the Experts
Anthony P. Knight, BVSc, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, is a professor of large animal medicine in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University. He received his veterinary degree from the University of Nairobi, Kenya, in 1968. After completing a master's degree at Colorado State University, he joined the faculty in 1974. His current professional interests include livestock heath, foreign animal diseases, emergency management, and plant toxicology. He has written two books on poisonous plants of animals in North America, and maintains a poisonous plants website for use by anyone wanting poisonous plant information.
- Alternative Fiber Sources for Horses
- Study Evaluates Horses' Voluntary Consumption of Teff Hay
- Rotational Grazing: Time it Right for Optimal Pastures
- Drought, Heat Push Horse Feed Costs Skyward
- Keeping Pastured Horses Safe during Drought
- Managing Horses During Drought
- Help Sick Horses Heal with Nutrition
- Grazing Management During Drought
- Understanding Hay Analysis Results
- Spring Turnout Tips for Horses

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Finding a diagnosis is an important step in managing and treating rare diseases. But for many people it can take years: the average time it takes a patient to get a rare disease diagnosis is 3.9 years.
Genetic testing can help you reach a diagnosis, faster.
The benefits of genetic testing include:
We can help you find a genetics provider in your area or connect you to a telemedicine provider.
Talk to your healthcare provider about diagnostic genetic testing with Invitae. This letter can help start the conversation.
Identifying at-risk family members is one of the most important benefits of genetic testing. If you have a genetic variant, your immediate family members have up to a 50% chance of having the same variant. Other relatives may also be at risk.
Invitae is dedicated to ensuring that both you and your family understand your risk. If you receive a positive test result from Invitae, we can test your blood relatives for that same genetic variant under our family follow-up testing program.
You don't have to figure it out alone. Genetics experts are available to guide you through the testing process, help you make sense of your results, and plan a path forward.
Our resource center offers:
Exome testing looks at the pieces of your DNA that provide instructions for making proteins ("exons"). Exome testing may be right for you (or your child) if:
This test is ordered through your (or your child's) healthcare provider. Results are typically available in 6 to 8 weeks after you provide a blood or saliva sample.
1 As defined by the National Institute of Health (NIH).
2 Gandomi SK and Esplin ED. Rare Disease Diagnosis Obstacles: Patient Perspective and Physician Findings; Presented at the ACMG Annual Meeting, 2016 (Abstract #443).


text: A unified apparent resistivity equation is derived encompassing eight electrode configurations for Straightforward Inversion Scheme (SIS) on Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data. Suitable parameters are worked out to convert unified equation to a particular configuration viz. Wenner, Pole-Pole, Schlumberger, Pole-Dipole, Radial Dipole, Perpendicular Dipole, Parallel Dipole and Azimuthal Dipole. The derived equation is validated by forward computations of VES data for a 5-layer earth model that compares well with that of VES data obtained using existing individual equations for a particular configuration. SIS scheme is briefly described and a Schlumberger synthetic sounding data is generated using the unified equation over model riddled with equivalence /suppression and subsequently inverted using SIS to show the resolving power of the scheme via-a-vis low resistivity contrast between the layers. Two examples of field Schlumberger soundings from known lithology on a paleochannel in Mario Island in Northern Brazil are also included and the inverted continuous resistivity variation is presented to show the efficacy of the scheme.


text:
Livestock in the Cold
Cold weather can be hard on livestock, who need extra care to stay warm when they're outside. Ranchers say, taking care of their animals in the cold is just part of doing their job in North Dakota. Feeding them high quality feed helps to ensure that they have enough calories to stay warm. And making sure they have a place to escape the wind is vital.
"It's wind protection, plenty of feed, and just some bedding, something to lay in to get them out of the snow," said Menoken rancher Andrew Ennen.
Animals are also affected by the wind chill, just like humans are.
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text:
What OP Stands for?
What Does OP Mean: "OP" means "Original Poster" or "Original Post". While these two terms are widely used on message boards and Internet forums, they have different meanings. The original poster is the person who initiates the discussion thread, forum topic, or Reddit post.
They often start conversations or ask questions. If they are seeking advice about a specific situation, they reply to comments or messages in that thread. When others refer to the person who started the thread, they type "OP" instead of their username.
The "original post" first appears when you open the thread created by the original poster. This is a less common use of both. It is used when the post contains a lot of information, such as "megatrends," or guides that contain many important links, updates, and images.
What does OP stand for in gaming?
OP – OP means Over Powered or more power. This phrase is commonly used when a player defeats an enemy with relative ease. GG – GG stands for Good Game and is usually said after completing a match, showing gratitude to teammates, and thanking them.
What does OP stand for in Minecraft?
OP stands for Operator. The term is commonly used only in LANs or multiplayer servers. When using a plug-in or mod, you can normally rank the player; However, in vanilla Minecraft, it means "being allowed to use the command"
What is op on Instagram?
"OP means 'original poster', which means the person who started and is responsible for the particular conversation, not just on Instagram, it is very much used everywhere on the Internet. Just to clarify things." For, on Instagram, OP would be the person who posted the image/video that people are commenting on. "


actress Azia Mira Dungey made headlines with the popular web series "Ask a Slave"; and The Underground—a series about runaway slaves and abolitionists—was a hit for its network WGN America. With less than one year of operation, the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History, which devotes several galleries to the history of slavery, has had more than one million visitors.
The elephant that sits at the center of our history is coming into focus. American slavery happened—we are still living with its consequences. I believe we are finally ready to face it, learn about it and acknowledge its significance to American history.
Daina Ramey Berry is associate professor of history and African and African diaspora studies at University of Texas at Austin.
The Conversation


text:
Selective cutting in miombo woodland
Together with Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam,
we developed several satellite derived deforestation and dedradation measures
for miombo woodland during a University colloboration project
'Agricultural and Ecological
Consequences of Deforestation and Afforestation in Tanzania and Zambia
based on Satellite Remote Sensing'.
Landsat data used to spot degradation areas around Mbeya
Town in South Western Tanzania.
The miombo woodland
eco-environment is comparable more stable than the West-African Sudano zone,
which open up for biomass measures of miombo. By calibartion of annual images it
was possible to measure general increase or decrease in biomass in miombo
woodland. The study confessed that the Ujamaa villagisation was a prime course
to deforestation and degradation. The above example show decrease in wood
resources around the town Mbeya - most of the degradation was coursed by cutting
for fuel wood.
The results have
implications for biomass accounting and REDD.
ENRECA programme 1991-94.


text:
Closes an open object handle.
- hObject [in]
A valid handle to an open object.
If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
If the application is running under a debugger, the function will throw an exception if it receives either a handle value that is not valid or a pseudo-handle value. This can happen if you close a handle twice, or if you call CloseHandle on a handle returned by the FindFirstFile function instead of calling the FindClose function.
The CloseHandle function closes handles to the following objects:
- Access token
- Communications device
- Console input
- Console screen buffer
- File mapping
- I/O completion port
- Memory resource notification
- Named pipe
- Waitable timer
The documentation for the functions that create these objects indicates that CloseHandle should be used when you are finished with the object, and what happens to pending operations on the object after the handle is closed. In general, CloseHandle invalidates the specified object handle, decrements the object's handle count, and performs object retention checks. After the last handle to an object is closed, the object is removed from the system. For a summary of the creator functions for these objects, see Kernel Objects.
Generally, an application should call CloseHandle once for each handle it opens. It is usually not necessary to call CloseHandle if a function that uses a handle fails with ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE, because this error usually indicates that the handle is already invalidated. However, some functions use ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE to indicate that the object itself is no longer valid. For example, a function that attempts to use a handle to a file on a network might fail with ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE if the network connection is severed, because the file object is no longer available. In this case, the application should close the handle.
If a handle is transacted, all handles bound to a transaction should be closed before the transaction is committed. If a transacted handle was opened by calling CreateFileTransacted with the FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE flag, the file is not deleted until the application closes the handle and calls CommitTransaction. For more information about transacted objects, see Working With Transactions.
Closing a thread handle does not terminate the associated thread or remove the thread object. Closing a process handle does not terminate the associated process or remove the process object. To remove a thread object, you must terminate the thread, then close all handles to the thread. For more information, see Terminating a Thread. To remove a process object, you must terminate the process, then close all handles to the process. For more information, see Terminating a Process.
Closing a handle to a file mapping can succeed even when there are file views that are still open. For more information, see Closing a File Mapping Object.
Do not use the CloseHandle function to close a socket. Instead, use the closesocket function, which releases all resources associated with the socket including the handle to the socket object. For more information, see Socket Closure.
Windows Phone 8: This API is supported.
For an example, see Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes.
Minimum supported client
|Windows 2000 Professional [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]|
Minimum supported server
|Windows 2000 Server [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]|
- Handle and Object Functions
- Kernel Objects
- Object Interface
Build date: 10/26/2012


Initiative for global liability
30 August 2013
The prospect of a worldwide regime to give compensation in case of a nuclear accident with cross-border impacts may be more feasible with cooperation from France and the USA.
The two important nuclear nations committed to encourage other countries to adhere to current treaties, and to bring into force the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC) - the treaty specially designed to bring about a global regime. This requires at least five countries with a total of 400,000 MWt nuclear capacity to have signed and ratified. The USA is already a member and France joining would fulfil both criteria.
France and the USA had previously held fundamentally incompatible views, each championing a favoured existing treaty as the basis for an expanded regime. Now the nations will urge other countries to adopt national laws that make sure sufficient funds will be available to compensate all victims, even in countries without nuclear power plants; that compensation is available in the event that an accident is the direct result of a natural disaster; and that compensation for latent injuries is available for 30 years. They said their aim was to "create the worldwide trust necessary for the development of nuclear energy and associated industrial activities."
Conventional wisdom
Early users of nuclear power recognised that an accident could have cross-border impacts and various treaties have been drawn up over time to facilitate compensation for people affected by an accident in another country. All existing treaties already channel all liability for an accident to the operator of a nuclear power plant and ensure certain funds are always available.
The OECD-sponsored Paris Convention and Brussels Convention are popular in Western Europe and favoured by France, while the IAEA-sponsored Vienna convention is popular in Eastern Europe and elsewhere around the world. Some countries have signed a Joint Protocol to link those two treaties. The Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC) was designed to become a global regime and is open to countries without nuclear power plants. This has been signed and ratified by a few countries, notably the USA which says it is the only treaty it can support.
Countries not party to any treaty include Canada, China, Japan and South Korea, while India has signed the CSC but it is not clear if it is compatible with its new domestic liability laws. The European Commission is currently carrying out a public consultation on potential common rules at EU level on insurance and compensation for nuclear accidents.
Researched and written
by World Nuclear News


text:
Hostile Takeovers : The Power of the Prey
Takeovers are used as a mean for companies to grow and gain entry to new markets. Hos-tile takeovers, apart from the friendly takeovers, is when an acquirer tries to takeover a corporation against the will of management, shareholders and board of directors of the target company. All listed companies run the risk of being a target for a hostile takeover, and to-day many companies are trying to involve actions protecting them from possible threats. Lacking protection can evolve into a costly defense program with actions with fictitious names such as White knight, Pac-man and Poison pills. The purpose with this thesis is to describe and analyze hostile takeovers and hostile takeover attempts in Sweden, and the defense tactics involved in the process.In this thesis a deductive approach will be used, where theories are used as guidance when searching for explanations. On the basis of the defense tactics described in the theory empirical data has been gathered with the purpose of seeing if the expectations reflect reality, and conclusions about their efficiency. The thesis has used a quantitative research method where the focus is on what, where and when. The aim of the thesis is to classify targeted features and count them, with the intent to construct statistical models with an underlying purpose of explaining what is observed.The most frequently used defense tactic used by the target company in a hostile takeover in the Swedish market is to attack the logic of the bid. Around 56 percent of the targets in a hostile takeover or a hostile takeover attempt have used this defense tactic to avoid a hos-tile takeover. The aim with an implemented defense tactic is to avoid a hostile bid or making it impossible for the hostile bidder to proceed with the bid and close the deal. The White knight and White squire defense tactic is the most successful defense tactic when it comes to not finalizing the hostile bid, in 90 percent of the cases the deal is not closed if the target chooses to use a White knight as a defense tactic. A secondary objective with a defense tactic is to force the hostile bidder to increase the bid and pay more for the target company. In the Swedish market, the use of Corporate restructuring as a defense tactic has made the hostile bidder to increase the bid in 67 percent of the cases and the use of Positive public information has forced the hostile bidder to increase the bid in more than half of the cases.The question why these defense tactics are the most frequently used strategies, is explained by two variables. The first one is the cost and simplicity variable, where Attack the logic of the bid and Public information ends up. These defense tactics are cost efficient and can be seen as natural step for the target company when deciding not to approve of the offer made by the acquirer. The second variable is the proven efficiency, where the target knows if implementing this defense tactic the risk of being acquired by the hostile bidder is relatively low, a good example of this is the White knight defense.
School:Högskolan i Jönköping
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:hostile takeover defense tactics acquisition
Date of Publication:06/24/2008


Rails and Sidekiq logs contain fields starting with meta. with this context information.
Entry points can be seen at:
Adding attributes
When adding new attributes, make sure they're exposed within the context of the entry points above and:
 - Pass them within the hash to the with_context (or push) method (make sure to pass a Proc if the method or variable shouldn't be evaluated right away)
 - Change Gitlab::ApplicationContext to accept these new values
 - Make sure the new attributes are accepted at Labkit::Context
See our HOWTO: Use Sidekiq metadata logs for further knowledge on creating visualizations in Kibana.
The fields of the context are currently only logged for Sidekiq jobs triggered through web requests. See the follow-up work for more information.
Logging context metadata (through workers)
Additional metadata can be attached to a worker through the use of the ApplicationWorker#log_extra_metadata_on_done method. Using this method adds metadata that is later logged to Kibana with the done job payload.
class MyExampleWorker
 include ApplicationWorker
 def perform(*args)
 # Worker performs work
 #...
 # The contents of value will appear in Kibana under 'json.extra.my_example_worker.my_key'
 log_extra_metadata_on_done(:my_key, value)
Please see this example which logs a count of how many artifacts are destroyed per run of the ExpireArtifactsWorker.
Exception Handling
It often happens that you catch the exception and want to track it.
It should be noted that manual logging of exceptions is not allowed, as:
 1. Manual logged exceptions can leak confidential data,
 2. Manual logged exception very often require to clean backtrace which reduces the boilerplate,
 3. Very often manually logged exception needs to be tracked to Sentry as well,
 4. Manually logged exceptions does not use correlation_id, which makes hard to pin them to request, user and context in which this exception was raised,
 5. Manually logged exceptions often end up across multiple files, which increases burden scraping all logging files.
To avoid duplicating and having consistent behavior the Gitlab::ErrorTracking provides helper methods to track exceptions:
 1. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_exception: this method logs, sends exception to Sentry (if configured) and re-raises the exception,
 2. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_exception: this method only logs and sends exception to Sentry (if configured),
 3. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.log_exception: this method only logs the exception, and DOES NOT send the exception to Sentry,
 4. Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_for_dev_exception: this method logs, sends exception to Sentry (if configured) and re-raises the exception for development and test environments.
It is advised to only use Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_exception and Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_exception as presented on below examples.
Consider adding additional extra parameters to provide more context for each tracked exception.
class MyService < ::BaseService
 def execute
 rescue => e
 Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_exception(e, project_id:
 error('Exception occurred')
class MyService < ::BaseService
 def execute
 rescue => e
 Gitlab::ErrorTracking.track_and_raise_exception(e, project_id:
Additional steps with new log files
 1. Consider log retention settings. By default, Omnibus rotates any logs in /var/log/gitlab/gitlab-rails/*.log every hour and keep at most 30 compressed files. On, that setting is only 6 compressed files. These settings should suffice for most users, but you may need to tweak them in Omnibus GitLab.
 2. If you add a new file, submit an issue to the production tracker or a merge request to the gitlab_fluentd project. See this example.
 3. Be sure to update the GitLab CE/EE documentation and the runbooks.


of more use to one party than the other, but heads of terms can help to avoid misunderstandings and provide a useful map of the steps to be taken on the way to signing the formal agreement. If, however, negotiation of the heads of terms stalls over points of unnecessary detail (which in reality should properly be addressed at a later stage in the process) this can delay preparation of the definitive documents and increase the length and cost of the negotiations.
Heads of terms are used for a number of purposes:
 - As written confirmation of the main terms agreed in principle.
 - To outline the timetable and obligations of the parties during the negotiations.
 - As a framework for certain preliminary legally binding clauses, such as an exclusivity (or lock-out) agreement.
Heads of terms are commonly entered into at the beginning of a transaction, once preliminary terms have been agreed and before commencement of detailed due diligence and the drafting of definitive agreements (which is where the parties will begin to incur significant legal costs). The parties may enter into a series of heads of terms throughout the negotiations, particularly when negotiations are prolonged.
What goes in Heads of Terms?
As a general rule, the heads of terms should cover the commercial deal points, rather than legal drafting ones, and important deal points rather than routine ones. Inevitably, the distinctions blur, but it is in the interests of both sides not to turn the negotiation of the heads into a full dress rehearsal for the final agreement. Time spent negotiating the heads of terms should be confined to discussing the commercial deal in principle. Arguments over the fine print should be reserved for negotiating the final agreements.
Below are some examples of suggested principles to be applied to heads of terms:
 - State the exception and defer the rule - If it is fundamental that, for example, certain sellers will not join in the giving of warranties and indemnities, or that only very limited warranties will be given, the heads should say so. If not, it should be sufficient to indicate that the final agreement is expected to include warranties, indemnities (and limitations on them) appropriate to a transaction of this type.
 - State the principle and defer the detail - Unless an issue is very complicated or unusual, the heads of terms should state the principle underlying the issue and leave the detail for the formal agreement. For example, if there is to be a post-completion audit and balancing payment based on net asset value, that is probably all that needs to be said in the heads of terms. Timing, agreed adjustments to the accounts and accountants that prepare the initial version can be dealt with later. If, however, the parties have agreed a specific unusual formula for calculating the net asset value this may need to be set out in the heads of terms to avoid any later disagreement.
 - Consider carefully, and take professional advice, before making significant concessions - If one side wants the agreement to be governed by foreign law, the other party should understand how this may affect its rights before making this concession. Similarly, both parties should take advice on the tax consequences of the basic deal structure. Such issues highlight the importance of taking appropriate advice or at least including reservations to the extent this has not yet been possible.
Are Heads of Terms legally binding?
Heads of terms may be fully binding or partly binding or not binding at all. Typically, however, they are not legally binding apart from sections dealing with confidentiality (where the parties agree to keep their discussions confidential) and exclusivity (where the seller agrees not to talk with any other potential buyer for an agreed period while the buyer carries out due diligence and hopefully concludes the purchase). Where the heads of terms include provisions that are intended to be binding, these must be clearly identified and the legal requirements for creation of a valid contract must be satisfied. Among other things, under English law:
 - The terms must be sufficiently certain to be enforceable. An "agreement" to continue negotiations in good faith, for example, is nothing more than an "agreement to agree" and normally unenforceable (Walford v Miles). Much depends on the facts however.
 - Unless the heads of terms are executed as a deed, there must be consideration moving from the party benefiting from the agreement to the other party, either in the form of a promise in return, or a payment, action or forbearance. Where there is no actual consideration, however, and execution as a deed alone is relied upon, specific performance is unlikely to be available. For more information on the specific formalities relating to the execution of deed by a company, see section 46 Companies Act 2006.
Third parties
Regard should also be had to the implications of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. If a term expressly provides that a third party has the right to enforce that term, or if the term purports to confer a benefit on a third party, then that term may give the third party directly enforceable rights. For example, a parent company, or another group subsidiary of a party to the heads of terms may wish to benefit from the confidentiality provisions. Where there is more than one prospective buyer, the seller may intend the successful buyer to have the benefit of confidentiality undertakings given by the others. On the other hand, if there is a risk that a term may be enforceable by a third party and the parties do not wish to create any third party rights, then an express exclusion should be included to that effect.
Reasons for using Heads of Terms
Whether or not the parties draw up heads of terms is purely a matter of choice: there are both advantages and disadvantages. The perceived advantages of using heads of terms are:
 - Moral commitment. Heads of terms are usually considered to confirm a moral commitment on both sides to observe the terms agreed (which can be an advantage or disadvantage depending on the circumstances).
 - Complex transactions. Where a transaction is complex, heads of terms can help focus the negotiations, bring out any misunderstandings and, by highlighting major issues at an early stage, prevent the parties wasting time and money if those issues cannot be resolved at this stage.
 - Framework for binding commitments. Heads of terms frequently contain a binding exclusivity agreement, a confidentiality agreement and, in some cases, provide for payment of costs and break fees in the event of negotiations breaking down. Obtaining exclusivity for a limited period, and some protection against wasted costs, should enable the buyer to proceed with more confidence.
 - Third parties. Where a deal has to be explained and sold in advance to persons not directly involved in the negotiations, the heads of terms can provide a useful statement of the key terms of the proposed deal.
 - Basis for clearance submissions. Heads of terms can provide the basis of a joint submission for clearance or guidance from the relevant competition authorities and might assist in the preparation of tax clearance applications.
 - Basis for instructing advisers. Draft heads of terms can sometimes be a helpful tool for the parties to instruct their respective advisers.
 - Provide seller with a tactical advantage. Because heads of terms are normally prepared early in the transaction process, before the buyer has commenced detailed due diligence, the seller will know considerably more about the business being sold than the buyer.
Reasons against using heads of terms
 - Limit room for manoeuvre. Heads of terms carry strong force, so they can limit room for manoeuvre in the subsequent negotiations. They should therefore be approached with caution, especially on the part of a buyer, who at this stage normally has much less information than the other side. If the buyer is required to sign heads of terms, then consideration should be given to inserting into the document the key assumptions on which the buyer is relying. This was illustrated by the ill-fated acquisition of PRB by Astra Holdings PLC in 1989. PRB went into liquidation a year after the acquisition and the Department of Trade and Industry (now BEIS) launched an investigation into the matter. In their report, the inspectors mentioned the fact that Astra had, before taking legal advice, entered into heads of terms which included certain unfavourable terms (the acquisition agreement was to be drafted by the seller's lawyers, governed by Belgian law and was to contain only limited warranties). Although it was not legally binding, it severely tied Astra's hands in the subsequent negotiations. It was the seller's "firm view that the [heads of terms] had set the agreed goal posts, and they did not want them moved".
 - Create legal relations inadvertently. In some jurisdictions, heads of terms can create a legally binding agreement between the parties unless an express term is included to the effect that there is no intent to create legal relations.
 - Accelerate need for public announcement of deal. Where either party is a listed company, an AIM company or otherwise has financial instruments that bring the company within the Market Abuse Regulation (596/2014/EU) it will need to consider whether one effect of negotiating and signing heads of terms may be to precipitate an early announcement of the deal.
 - Adverse tax consequences. In the UK, the heads of terms


text:
Under a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Maryland State Department of Education receives funding to build the capacity of local school systems to deliver HIV/AIDS Prevention Education Programs. Funded program activities include strengthening coordinated school health programs at the local school system level to deliver training in HIV/AIDS prevention and developing policy and procedures.
The CDC has identified promising and research based practices in HIV/AIDS prevention education. For more information and a list of the identified programs to be delivered within a coordinated school health model visit the CDC website.
For a summary of Maryland laws and regulations relating to Health Education, HIV/AIDS and Teen Pregnancy Prevention education visit nasbe survey.pdf
The 2004 School Health Education Profile (SHEP) assesses the status of HIV prevention efforts within high schools health education curriculum in Maryland schools. Maryland results are linked below:
Principal Results in pdf format mdPrincipal04a.pdf
Principal Results in PowerPoint MDPrincipal04a.ppt
Teacher Results in pdf format mdTeacher04a.pdf
Teacher Results in


text:
8:00 AM – 2:55 PM, Monday – Friday
- Kinder – 1 book in fall, 2 books in spring
- 1st/2nd – 2 books
- 3rd-5th – 3 books
Library Schedule Rotation
- Monday: 2nd Grade & Communications
- Tuesday: 1st Grade
- Wednesday: Kindergarten
- Thursday: 3rd & 5th Grade
- Friday: 3rd & 4th Grade
(Pre-K Scheduled in the Spring)
There are no fines for overdue books; however, students may not check out new books until the old books are returned. Students are responsible for paying for lost or damaged books.
Here are ways you can care for your library books:
- Keep books clean and dry.
- Store books in your backpack when you are not reading them.
- Keep books away from pets and babies.
- Read books with clean hands.
- Keep books away from food and drinks.
- Do not write, color, or draw in books.
- Be careful turning pages.
- Always use a bookmark to save your place.
- Return books on time so others can enjoy them too!


text:
AfriGeneas Military Research Forum Archive
Re: Civil War Pension Question
In Response To: Civil War Pension Question ()
In the pension application files, there are numerous cases of men with the same last name, and equally numerous cases of men who served under more than one name. So, you will see files with Jones, Washington/Demus, Abraham W.....or similar. In some of the Black units especially, there were several men with the same name. As you can imagine-the George Washingtons, Thomas Jeffersons, Smiths, Jones, Black, etc were frequent occurrences. It was frustrating for both the officers and men. In one regiment alone, there could be more than thirty men with the same name.
Yet another problem was in the contested pensions-where a man had left more than one widow/family who claimed to be his heirs. I know of at least one case, where four women claimed to be the spouse, and quite possibly were.
What exactly did the message you received say? It might be a clue as to why there was a problem. Small details like mispellings in the records-or changes over time within the family, uses of initials, nicknames or middle names used as given name, location of enlistment, regiment/company, etc. all will complicate your efforts.


text:
CONGRESS OF THE ODD
CHARLES TRIPP – The Armless Wonder
During his time, Charles Tripp was not only the most well known armless wonder, he was also one of the most famous Canadian entertainers of his era. Born in Woodstock, Ontario on July 6, 1855 Charles Tripp owed much of his fame to his performance partner and dear friend Eli Bowen.
Charles Tripp was born without arms. But, as a young boy, he quickly adapted and became phenomenally adept at using his legs and feet as competently as a fully formed man would use their arms and hands. He was never exhibited during his youth but was well known locally for performing rather mundane daily tasks in extraordinary ways.
As a young man, Charles Tripp grew restless in his small hometown. As fortune would have it, at the age of seventeen, Charles heard of a showman in New York who exhibited special people with unusual talents. Seeing this as his opportunity for fame and fortune Charles Tripp packed his bags and headed to New York determined to meet the showman.All he had was a name, but that proved to be more than enough. The showman was P.T. Barnum.
Upon his arrival in New York, Tripp located Barnum's office and marched in unannounced. Barefoot, he demonstrated his morning routine by combing his hair, folding his clothes and putting his socks on. Barnum hired Tripp immediately. His career would last more than fifty years.
Tripp performed many feats during his various exhibitions. Initially, most were of the daily mundane variety. His daily shave was always a crowd pleaser.But as Tripp grew into a learned and well traveled man his repertoire reflected his maturity. Eventually Tripp became well known for his elegant penmanship, woodcarving, paper crafts, painting and photography.
Charles Tripp spent the bulk of his career touring with Barnum and eventually Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey shows. Tripp was able to command as much as $200 a week during these tours, a figure supplemented by sales of his autographed cabinet cards.
It was during his partnership with Eli Bowen that Charles Tripp was truly able to attract public attention. Pairing an armless man with a legless one was surely a stroke of showman brilliance but it was a moment of jovial playfulness that would cement Tripp and Bowen into history. While the pair posed for promotional photographs one of them spotted a tandem bicycle. In no time at all the two gents not only mounted the bicycle-built-for-two, but rode off together laughing as boys would. The photographer quickly snapped the pair mid-ride and the resulting surreal photograph still draws perplexed smiles.
Tripp married late in life, in his early seventies. Following the marriage he limited his touring to North American dates. Aided by his wife, Charles Tripp toured until the day he died. In January of 1930 Tripp passed away due to asthma in Salisbury, North Carolina.
He was seventy-four years old.
image: Photo of Charles Tripp circa early 1890′s by Eisenmann. Signature on reverse.
image: Eli Bowen and Charles Tripp's famous tandem bicycle photograph.
© 2008 – 2012, J Tithonus Pednaud. All rights reserved.
J Tithonus Pednaud has dedicated this site to highlighting the remarkable lives of those born exceedingly different. These so-called freaks and human oddities stand as uplifting testaments to human spirit and serve as inspiring examples of human tenacity.


text: Cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis) are cleared rapidly in vivo by phagocytes without inducing inflammation. Here we show that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked plasma-membrane glycoprotein CD14 on the surface of human macrophages is important for the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. CD14 can also act as a receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggering inflammatory responses. Overstimulation of CD14 by LPS can cause the often fatal toxic-shock syndrome. Here we show that apoptotic cells interact with CD14, triggering phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells. This interaction depends on a region of CD14 that is identical to, or at least closely associated with, a region known to bind LPS. However, apoptotic cells, unlike LPS, do not provoke the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. These results indicate that clearance of apoptotic cells is mediated by a receptor whose interactions with 'non-self' components (LPS) and'self' components (apoptotic cells) produce distinct macrophage responses.


text:
Background: The dysbindin-1 gene (DTNBP1: dystrobrevin binding protein 1) is a promising schizophrenia susceptibility gene, known to localize almost exclusively to neurons in the brain, and participates in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, membrane-surface receptor expression, and synaptic plasticity. Sandy mice, with spontaneous Dtnbp1 deletion, display behavioral abnormalities relevant to symptoms of schizophrenia. However, it remains unknown if dysbindin-1 gain-of-function is beneficial or detrimental. Results: To answer this question and gain further insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of dysbindin-1, we developed transgenic mice expressing human DTNBP1 (Dys1A-Tg) and analyzed their behavioral phenotypes. Dys1A-Tg mice were born viable in the expected Mendelian ratios, apparently normal and fertile. Primary screening of behavior and function showed a marginal change in limb grasping in Dys1A-Tg mice. In addition, Dys1A-Tg mice exhibited increased hyperlocomotion after methamphetamine injection. Transcriptomic analysis identified several up-And down-regulated genes, including the immediate-early genes Arc and Egr2, in the prefrontal cortex of Dys1A-Tg mice. Conclusions: The present findings in Dys1A-Tg mice support the role of dysbindin-1 in psychiatric disorders. The fact that either overexpression (Dys1A-Tg) or underexpression (Sandy) of dysbindin-1 leads to behavioral alterations in mice highlights the functional importance of dysbindin-1 in vivo.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience


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 Carmelite Constitutions (No. 82)
Lectio: 30th Sunday of ordinary time (B)
Sunday, October 28, 2012 - 18
Jesus heals Bartimaeus, the blind man from Jericho
The blind see! Let those who see not be deceived!
Mark 10:46-52
1. Opening prayer
2. Reading
a) A key to the reading:
This Sunday's Gospel tells the story of the healing of Bartimaeus, the blind man from Jericho (Mk 10:46-52). This story includes a long instruction from Jesus to his disciples (Mk 8:22 to 10:52). Mark places the healing of the anonymous blind man at the beginning of this instruction (Mk 8:22-26), then, at the end, he tells us of the healing of the blind man from Jericho. As we shall see, the two healings are symbols of what went on between Jesus and his disciples. They point to the process and purpose of the slow learning by the disciples. They describe a starting point (the anonymous blind man) and an end point (Bartimaeus) of Jesus' instruction to his disciples and to all of us.
As we read, we shall try to look at the attitudes of Jesus, the blind Bartimaeus and the people of Jericho, and to all that each of them says and does. As you read and meditate the text, think that you are looking into a mirror. Which image is it reflecting of you: that of Jesus, of the blind Bartimaeus, of the people?
Mark 10:46: The description of the context of the episode
Mark 10:47: The cry of the poor
Mark 10:51-52: The conversation between Jesus and the blind man and his healing
c) Text:
46 They reached Jericho; and as he left Jericho with his disciples and a great crowd, Bartimaeus -- that is, the son of Timaeus -- a blind beggar, was sitting at the side of the road. 47 When he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to shout and cry out, 'Son of David, Jesus, have pity on me.' 48 And many of them scolded him Mark 10:46-52 and told him to keep quiet, but he only shouted all the louder, 'Son of David, have pity on me.'
49 Jesus stopped and said, 'Call him here.' So they called the blind man over. 'Courage,' they said, 'get up; he is calling you.' 50 So throwing off his cloak, he jumped up and went to Jesus. 51 Then Jesus spoke, 'What do you want me to do for you?' The blind man said to him, 'Rabbuni, let me see again.' 52 Jesus said to him, 'Go; your faith has saved you.' And at once his sight returned and he followed him along the road.
3. A moment of prayerful silence
4. Some questions
to help us in our personal reflection.
a) What pleased you most in this text? Why?
b) What is Jesus' attitude: what does he say and do?
c) What is the attitude of the people of Jericho: what do they say and do?
d) What is the attitude of the blind Bartimaeus: what does he say and do?
e) What lesson can we learn from the healing of the blind Bartimaeus?
5. For those who wish to go deeper into the theme
a) The context of Jesus' long instruction to his disciples:
b) A commentary on the text:
Jesus asks: "What do you want me to do for you?" It is not enough to shout. One must know what one is shouting for! The blind man answers: "Rabbuni! Let me see again!" Bartimaeus addressed Jesus in a manner not at all common, even, as we have seen, with the title "Son of David" that Jesus did not like (Mk 12:35-37). But Bartimaeus has more faith in Jesus than in the ideas and titles concerning Jesus. Not so the others present. They do not see what is necessary, like Peter (Mk 8:32). Bartimaeus knows how to give his life by accepting Jesus without any conditions. Jesus says to him: "Go! Your faith has saved you!" At once his sight was restored. He leaves everything and follows Jesus (Mk 10:52). His healing is the result of his faith in Jesus (Mk 10:46-52). Now healed, Bartimaeus follows Jesus and goes with him up to Jerusalem and to Calvary! He becomes a model disciple for Peter and for all of us: to put our faith more in Jesus than in our ideas about Jesus!
c) Further information:
The context of the journey to Jerusalem
Jesus and his disciples are on the way to Jerusalem (Mk 10:32). Jesus goes before them. He is in a hurry. He knows that they will kill him. The prophet Isaiah had foretold this (Is 50:4-6; 53:1-10). His death is not something that will come about through blind destiny or an established plan, but as a consequence of an assumed duty, of a mission received from the Father together with those excluded of his time. Jesus warns the disciples three times concerning the torture and death that await him in Jerusalem (Mk 8:31; 9:31; 10:33). The disciple must follow his master, even to suffering with him (Mk 8:34-35). The disciples are taken aback and go with him full of fear (Mk 9:32). They do not understand what is happening. Suffering was not part of the idea they had of the Messiah (Mk 8:32-33; Mt 16:22). Not only did some of them not understand, but they kept on cherishing personal ambitions. James and John ask for a place in the glory of his Kingdom, one on the right hand and one on the left of Jesus (Mk 10:35-37). They want to go above Peter! They do not understand Jesus' plan. They are only concerned with their own interests. This reflects the fights and tensions that existed in the communities of Mark's time and that exist even now in our communities. Jesus reacts decisively: "You do not know what you are asking!" (Mk 10:38) He asks them if they are capable of drinking the cup that he will drink and receive the baptism that he will receive. The cup is the cup of suffering, and the baptism is the baptism of blood. Jesus wants to know whether rather than a place of honour they will be willing to give their lives even to death. They answer: "We can" (Mk 8:39). This seems to be an answer that comes from their lips because a few days later they abandon Jesus and leave him alone at the hour of suffering (Mk 14:50). They have but a little critical conscience, they do not see his personal reality. In his instruction to the disciples, Jesus stresses the exercise of authority (cf. Mk 9:33-35). In those days, those who held power paid no attention to the people. They acted according to their ideas (cf. Mk 6:17-29). The Roman Empire controlled the world and kept it submissive by force and thus, by means of tributes, taxes and customs, was able to concentrate the wealth of the people in the hands of a few in Rome. Society was characterized by the exercise of repression and the abuse of power. Jesus thinks otherwise. He says: "Among you this is not to happen. No, anyone who wants to become great among you must be your servant!" (Mk 10:43). He tells them to avoid privileges and rivalry. He turns the system upside-down and stresses service as a means of overcoming personal ambition. Finally he gives his own life in witness of what he said: "The Son of man himself came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many" (Mk 10:45).
Faith is a force that transforms people
The Good News of the Kingdom says that Jesus is like a fertilizer. He makes the seed of life grow in people, a seed hidden like fire under the embers of observance, lifeless. Jesus blows on the embers and the fire glows, the Kingdom is revealed and people rejoice. The condition is always the same: faith in Jesus.
When fear takes hold of a person, faith disappears and hope is extinguished. During his moment of torment, Jesus scolds his disciples for their lack of faith (Mk 4:40). They do not believe, because they are afraid (Mk 4:41). Jesus could not work miracles in Nazareth because people there did not believe (Mk 6:6). They did not believe because Jesus did not measure up to their ideas of how he should be (Mk 6:2-3). It is precisely lack of faith that prevents the disciples from driving out the "dumb spirit" who ill-treats a sick child (Mk 9:17). Jesus criticizes them: "Faithless generation!" (Mk 9:19). Then he tells them how to re-enkindle faith: "This is the kind


text:
few inches above the other end. Blow as hard as you can, simultaneously releasing the ball. Instead of being blown away as you might expect, it remains suspended in mid-air. The harder you blow, the higher it floats above the straw. Can you tell the reason for it?
The explanation: When air is in rapid motion, its pressure is lowered. In this trick, the ball is actually imprisoned by the column of upward rushing air. As soon as it wobbles a bit to one side, the greater pressure outside the 'jet stream' forces the ball back into it again.
Unpepper The Salt
This is an amusing dinner-table trick to show friends on dry winter days when static electricity is easy to produce. Shake a pile of salt on the tablecloth; flatten it with your finger, then shake some pepper on top of it. The problem is to remove the pepper from the salt,
Just put a static charge on a pocket comb by running it a few times through your hair. Bring one end of the comb to about an inch above the salt. The grains of pepper, which are lighter than salt grains, will jump to the comb.
The Magic Window
Ask someone to jot down any three-digit number in which the first and last digits differ by at least 2. Suppose he writes 317. Tell him to reverse the digits and subtract the smaller number from the larger (713 minus 317 leaves 396). Finally, he must reverse the digits in this answer and add them to the answer (693 plus 396 equals 1089). 'Now if you will please breathe on that windowpane,' you say to him, pointing to one of the windows in the room, 'you'll see your final answer on the glass.' When he breathes on the glass, the number 1089 magically appear on the misted pale!
The secret is quite simple: the answer is always 1089. Before doing the trick, mix some detergent in a glass of water, dip your finger in the liquid, and write 1089 with the tip of your finger on the windowpane. The writing is invisible when dry, but when dry, but when someone breathes on the glass the area touched by your finger will not fog.
A healthy diet! Confirm this slogan by replacing each different letter by a different digit to form a correct sum.
First, cut out a piece of paper or cardboard of the shape shown in the illustration. It will be seen at once that the proportions are simply those of a square attached to half of another similar square, divided diagonally. The puzzle is to cut it into four pieces all of precisely the same size and shape.
The solution to this puzzle is shown in the illustration. Divide the figure up into twelve equal triangles, and it is easy to discover the directions of the cuts, as indicated by the dark lines.
Two's Enough! Can you find a way of colouring in twelve of the small squares of the 6x6 board so that there are two coloured squares in each row and each column, and no more than two on any diagonal line?
Lift that Cube A single ice cube is floating in a glass of water. You hold a piece of string about four inches long. Problem: without touching the ice with your fingers, lift the cube out of the glass with the string.
Lay the string across the cube, as shown in the figure. Sprinkle salt on top of the ice. The ice around the string will start to melt. But in doing so, it will take in heat from the surrounding water which will refreeze about the string. After a minute or two, lift the string. The cube will adhere tightly to it!
Through the hole Place a halfpenny on a small square of paper, and trace a circle around it with a pencil. Cut out this circle as shown in the figure 1. Now can a penny be pushed through this hole without tearing the paper?
The surprising answer is yes. Fold the paper across the hole, with the penny inside Figure 2. It is now a simple matter to push the coin through the hole, as shown in Figure 3. For the trick to work it is only necessary for the circumference of the hole to be slightly more than twice the diameter if the coin to be passed through it.
Magic Dice Turn your back while someone tosses three dice. Ask him to: (1) add all the uppermost faces; (2) pick up one of the dice and add the bottom face to the former total; (3) roll this same dice again and add the number it shows on top to the previous total. Turn around and point out that you have absolutely no way of knowing which of the three dice was used for the second roll. Pick up the dice, shake them in your hand a moment, and then announce the correct total!
How do you know? Simple. Merely total the top faces of the three dice before you pick them up, and add seven. The fact used up here is that opposite sides of a dice always totals seven.
The two Aeroplanes A man recently bought two aeroplanes, but afterwards found that they would not answer the purpose for which he wanted them. So he sold them for $600 each, making a loss of 20% on one machine and a profit of 20% on the other. Did he make a profit on the whole transaction, or a loss? And how much?
The man must have paid $500 and $700 for the two machines, making together $1, 250; but as he sold them for only $1, 200, he lost $50 by the transaction.
The Cyclists' Tour Two cyclists were consulting a road map in preparation for a little tour together. The circles represent towns, and all the good roads are represented by lines. They are starting from the town with a star, and must complete their tour at E. But there arriving there they want to visit every other town once, and only once. That is the difficulty. Mr. Spicer said, 'I am certain we can find a way of doing it;' but Mr. Maggs replied, 'No way, I'm sure.' Now, which of them was correct? Take your pencil and see if you can find any way of doing it. Of course you must keep to the roads indicated.
When Mr. Maggs replied, "No way, I'm sure," he was not saying that the thing was impossible, but was really giving the actual route by which the problem can be solved. Starting from the star, if you visit the towns in the order, NO WAY, I'M SURE, you will visit every town once, and only once, and end at E. So both men were correct. This was the little joke of the puzzle which is not by any means difficult.
Dancing coin Can you make a coin to dance around the rim of an empty but still cold bottle?
When the bottle is empty but still cold, put a coin on the opening as shown in the figure. Dip your finger in water and let a drop or two fall around the edge of the coin to seal the opening. Now place both hands around the bottle, holding it firmly for about fifteen seconds. The coin will start to click up and down mysteriously. The fact behind this trick is the property of air that air expands when heated. The cold air inside the bottle is warmed by the heat from your palms. The expanding air escapes around the rim of the coin causing it to flutter.
Arrange twolve coins to form a square as shown. Now rearrange them to leave the square intact, but so that each side contains five coins instead of four.
Put four of the squares on top of one another and cut through them from one corner to the middle of an opposite edge. Then arrange the pieces as shown to form the large square
Back-Packing! A mule and a donkey were walking along laden with sacks of corn. The mule said to the donkey, 'If you gave me one of your sacks, I would be carrying twice as much as you. But if I gave you one, we would both be carrying equal burdens.' How many sacks of corn were they each carrying?
The mule was carrying seven sacks of corn, and the donkey y sacks, then the mule's statements are equivalent to the equations: x + 1 = 2(y -1) x - 1= y + 1 These can easily be solved be solved simultaneously.
Romantic? From six you take nine And from nine you take ten Then from forty take fifty And six will remain.
Extrapolating from five seconds! (a) A clock strikes six in five seconds. How long does it take to strike twelve? (b) If five ladybirds devour five greenfly in five seconds, how many lady birds are required to devour a hundred greenly in a hundred seconds?
A Family Party A certain family party considered of 1 grandfather, 1 grandmother, 2 fathers, 2 mothers, 4 children, 3 grandchildren, 1 brother, 2 sisters, 2 sons, 2 daughters, 1 father-in-law, 1 mother-in-law, and 1 daughter-in-law. Twenty-three people, you will say. No; there were only seven persons present. Can you show how this might be?
The party consisted of two little girls and a boy, their father and mother, and their father's father and mother.
Mamma's Age Tommy: 'How old are you, mamma?' Mamma: 'Let think me, Tommy. Well, our three ages add up to exactly seventy years.' Tommy: 'That's a lot, isn't it? And how old are you, papa?' Papa: 'Just six times as old as you


ClayMetrics is new, but it is based on several well-established disciplines. Collection and analysis of clay shooting process and results can yield huge benefits by focusing practice time where it will be most useful. Deriving improved measures and analysis of performance are two more links in the success chain. That's the physical side.
It is generally recognized that top athletes perform at their peak when "in the Zone". First difficulty is recognizing when you are in the zone and when you are not. Second step is learning techniques to get in the Zone on demand and return to it as needed.
ClayMetrics is the scientific study of clay target shooting both physical and mental.
Want to Get Involved?
I don't want your money.
I'm looking to partner with others who take seriously the idea that science can assist them to prove the effectiveness of training, ideas, hardware, software and any other approach to improving your performance. I'm the statistician, I'm the researcher. Our research can be anonymous or not; your choice not mine. Let's talk.
Robert Petersen, Ph.D.
The Scientific Study of Clay Target Shooting


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The engine that drives NodeJS. Embeddable.
Learning V8 project
V8 Dev Blog:
- Oilpan is a standalone garbage collection library for C++ hosted by the V8 project.
- WebAssembly topics:
- Up to 4GB of memory: Thanks to recent work in Chrome and Emscripten, you can now use up to 4GB of memory in WebAssembly applications. That's up from the previous limit of 2GB.
wasm-decompile: wasm-decompile produces output that tries to look like a "very average programming language" while still staying close to the Wasm it represents.
- Emscripten and the LLVM WebAssembly backend: WebAssembly is normally compiled from a source language, which means that developers need tools to use it. Because of that, the V8 team works on relevant open-source projects like LLVM, Emscripten, Binaryen, and WABT. This post describes some of the work we've been doing on Emscripten and LLVM, which will soon allow Emscripten to switch to the LLVM WebAssembly backend by default — please test it and report any issues!
- Short builtin calls: we've realized that function calls between embedded builtins and JIT compiled code can come at a considerable performance penalty. This cost depends on the microarchitecture of the CPU. In this post we'll explain why this is happening, what the performance looks like, and what we're planning to do to resolve this long-term.
- Super fast property access: The super keyword can be used for accessing properties and functions on an object's parent.
- An additional non-backtracking RegExp engine: V8 ships with a new experimental non-backtracking RegExp engine (in addition to the existing Irregexp engine) which guarantees execution in linear time with respect to the size of the subject string.
- Indicium: This system analyzer is a unified web interface to trace, debug and analyse patterns of how Inline Caches (ICs) and Maps are created and modified in real-world applications. V8 already has a tracing infrastructure for ICs and Maps which can process and analyse IC events using the IC Explorer and Map events using Map Processor. However, previous tools didn't allow us to analyze maps and ICs holistically and this is now possible with system analyzer.
- Slack tracking: Slack tracking is a way to give new objects an initial size that is larger than what they may actually use, so they can have new properties added quickly. And then, after some period of time, to magically return that unused space to the system. Neat, huh?
- Understanding the ECMAScript spec: Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4
- Blazingly-fast parsing: Part 1: the scanner | Part 2: lazy parsing
- Pointer compression in V8: There is a constant battle between memory and performance. As users, we would like things to be fast as well as consume as little memory as possible. Unfortunately, usually improving performance comes at a cost of memory consumption (and vice versa).
- Improving V8 regular expressions: In its default configuration, V8 compiles regular expressions to native code upon the first execution. As part of our work on JIT-less V8, we introduced an interpreter for regular expressions. Interpreting regular expressions has the advantage of using less memory, but it comes with a performance penalty. In this blog post we describe how we take advantage of the upsides of interpreting regular expressions while mitigating the downsides.
- A lighter V8: In late 2018 we started a project called V8 Lite, aimed at dramatically reducing V8's memory usage. Initially this project was envisioned as a separate Lite mode of V8 specifically aimed at low-memory mobile devices or embedder use-cases that care more about reduced memory usage than throughput execution speed. However, in the process of this work, we realized that many of the memory optimizations we had made for this Lite mode could be brought over to regular V8 thereby benefiting all users of V8.
(Lots more posts there, sorted by category as well: internals ECMAScript spec WebAssembly memory)
v8-android: Example Android Studio project that embeds v8 (plus some notes on compiling v8 for android)
Last modified 06 April 2022


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To demonstrate the potential for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) incorporation of thin-film photovoltaics, commercially available quantum dots (QDs) have been deposited, as part of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite film, on a cadmium telluride (CdTe) micro-module. This resulted in an increase in photocurrent generation through the luminescent down-shifting (LDS) process. The optical properties of these films were characterized through UV–vis spectroscopy.
The impact of the film on the micro-module was studied through current–voltage (I–V) and external quantum efficiency measurements. Further layers were added to the initial single-layer LDS film, however no additional improvement to the micro-module were observed. Additionally, a range of emission wavelengths have been explored. The majority of these films, when tested on a CdTe device, were shown to improve the photocurrent generation whilst also visually displaying the vivid colour palette provided by quantum confined materials. The future feasibility of using QD based LDS films for large scale BIPV-based power generation has also been discussed.
Hodgson, S.D., Kartopu, G., Rugen-Hankey, S.L., Clayton, A.J., Barrioz, V. and Irvine, S.J.C., 2015. Accessing the quantum palette: quantum-dot spectral conversion towards the BIPV application of thin-film micro-modules. Journal of Optics, 17(10), p.105905.
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Categories: Solar & Photovoltaics


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An example character
used in elucidating problems (and their solutions
) in the Structure and Interpration of Computer Programs
course (MIT 6.001
), as well as other, Scheme
Alyssa P. Hacker (a pun on "A LISP hacker") is used to demonstrate the correct approach to solving problems, while her counterpart, Ben Bitdiddle, is used to demonstrate flawed designs. Sometimes, very rarely, Alyssa will be seen in the company of Alice and Bob, of cryptographic fame.


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Fruit and Vegetable Printing
- Various fruit and vegetables
- Paring knife
- Print pad or stamp pad
- Cut fruits and vegetables into halves, quarters, circles, or any other shapes, dip into tempera paints or on a print or stamp pad, and then press onto plain or colored paper.
- Apples cut in half will have a star design in the middle (where the seeds are), while green peppers make a great shamrock design.
- Cut a potato in half and use a small paring knife to create a relief design: circles, squares, hearts, and so on.
- If you make letters, don't forget to carve them backwards so they will print correctly.
More on: Activities for Preschoolers
Copyright Â© 1998 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Preschooler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


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Voices was created to address the unique needs of adolescent girls and young women. It encourages them to seek and celebrate their "true selves" by providing a safe space, encouragement, structure, and the support they need to embrace their journeys of self-discovery. The program includes modules on self, connecting with others, healthy living, and the journey ahead. It is used in many settings (e.g., outpatient and residential substance abuse treatment, schools, juvenile justice, and private practice).
Adolescent and young girls aged 12-18 years old, multiple settings outpatient and residential substance abuse treatment, schools, juvenile justice, and private practice.


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Decomposing the Left Regular Representation
Let's take the left regular representation of a finite group on its group algebra and decompose it into irreducible representations.
Our first step is to compute the character of as a left -module. The nice thing here is that it's a permutation representation, and that means we have a shortcut to calculating its character: is the number of fixed point of the action of on the standard basis of. That is, it counts the number of with. But this can only happen if is the group identity, and in that case every element is a fixed point. Thus we conclude
where in the last line we use the fact that evaluating the character of any representation at the identity element gives the degree of that representation.
So, what does this tell us? Every irreducible representation shows up in with a multiplicity equal to its degree. In particular, it must show up at least once. That is, the left regular representation contains all the irreducible representations.
Thus if are the irreducible representations of, we have a decomposition.
Taking dimensions on either side, we find


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Howard B. Keck; Oil Magnate, Philanthropist
Howard B. Keck, an oil magnate and philanthropist who was chairman and president of the Superior Oil Co. and the W.M. Keck Foundation, has died. He was 83.
Keck, who had retired from active work on the foundation a year ago, died Saturday in Santa Monica.
The scion of Superior founder W.M. Keck Sr., Howard Keck worked from an early age in California oil fields along with his brother William and their father. Howard Keck succeeded his father as chairman of the independent oil and gas company in 1964.
He was known particularly for pioneering offshore drilling along the Gulf Coast. When court squabbling over his father's fortune sparked the sale of Superior in 1984, Keck led shareholders in securing the sale to Mobil Corp. for $5.7 billion.
Keck turned his energies to the foundation, which he headed from 1964 to 1995. The sole trustee of his father's charitable trust, he became particularly identified with the W.M. Keck Observatory on Hawaii's Mauna Kea.
During his tenure, the family's charitable trust grew from $250 million to $1.2 billion. In that period, the trust and foundation awarded $550 million in grants to science, medicine, higher education and the arts.
Keck was a trustee of Caltech when he became personally engrossed in the Keck Observatory and its internationally known Keck Telescope. The huge telescope was conceived by the University of California. But Caltech was brought into the project on the condition that Caltech raise some funding.
The self-educated Keck stepped in, offering to fully fund the telescope--but only if Caltech rather than UC controlled the project.
After months of negotiation, Keck agreed to a joint project with UC and Caltech sharing 90% of the telescope's viewing time.
Other Keck projects included use of free-electron laser technology in surgery, molecular studies to improve pharmaceuticals, precision measurement and observation of the ocean environment and studies in genetics.
Keck also bred and raced Thoroughbred horses. His stables produced Ferdinand, the 1986 winner of the Kentucky Derby.
Los Angeles Times Articles


Some Background About Greyhounds
Animal anthropologists generally agree that the Greyhound-type dog is one of the seminal canine breeds from which virtually all domestic dogs descend. They can be traced back over 8,000 years to early cave drawings and decorative artifacts. The distinguishable modern Greyhounds are descendants of an ancient identifiable breed that goes back to the Egyptians and Celts. The Egyptians worshipped Greyhounds as a god and frequently showed them on murals in the tombs of kings. In old England "You could tell a gentleman by his horses and his Greyhounds." Old paintings and tapestries showing hunting feasts frequently included Greyhounds.
Legend has it that Cleopatra had coursing Greyhounds, and they are the goddess Diana's hunting hounds. Modern history has been replete with famous Greyhound owners including Frederick the Great, Prince Albert, and Generals Von Steuben and Custer.
penni-diThe derivation of the term Greyhound is unknown, but has nothing to do with color. One possibility is that it is from old English gre-hundr, meaning dog hunter or high order of rank. Over the centuries, Greyhounds have traveled with explorers and generals, adorned the suites of kings and queens, appeared in fine art and literature, and been the focus of major industries in both Europe and the United States.
The English Waterloo Cup is one of the oldest open field Greyhound coursing events in the world dating to the 19th century. Master McGrath, one of the most famous winners of the Cup, travelled by private train for an audience with Queen Victoria who was a devoted dog lover.
In the U.S. the Greyhound Hall of Fame features famous American racing Greyhounds at the National Greyhound Association in Abilene, Kansas.
The Retired Greyhound
retired greyhoundThe Greyhounds placed by adoption organizations are generally retired, trained athletes. Although organizations may very infrequently have Greyhound puppies or dogs that have never been trained for the track, these are much more the exception than the rule.
Greyhounds are generally bred by professional breeders who look for speed, endurance and even temperament. Most are bred on "farms" located throughout the country where the breeders pay close attention to the physical soundness and emotional disposition of the puppies. As a result, hereditary physical and temperament problems have been avoided in the breed.
For the first year of their lives Greyhound puppies live together with their litter mates and are handled frequently by the breeders and other staff associated with the breeding "farm," but they are not exposed to other breeds of dogs. Consequently, they are surprisingly socialized to people and strangers but not to other breeds of dog.
Things to Know Before you Adopt
Top 10 Reasons to Adopt a Greyhound!


The Backhouse Solicitors Simple Guide to Redundancies
As Christmas approaches, here at Backhouse Solicitors we enter one of our busiest times of the year. For businesses, New Year's Eve isn't just about drinking a bit too much and resolving to start going to the gym. December 31st is the end of the financial year for many companies in the UK. This means that as these employers look at their accounts for November, they often realise that they need to make some cutbacks in order to have a clean slate for the new financial year. This process frequently leads to employees being made redundant.
So what is redundancy?
When an employee has been made redundant, it means that the reason for their dismissal is not linked to their job performance in any way, but is largely attributable to their employer. Generally, redundancy is caused by companies downsizing their workforce, closing their workplace, or ceasing to carry out a certain area of business.
It is vital for employers to be aware of the standard procedure for redundancy, and for employees to understand their rights. This helps to make the process as easy and fair as possible for all concerned.
If you are an employer looking to make redundancies, it is your duty to identify an appropriate group of employees for selection, and consult with them. The criteria you use to select which employees to make redundant should be fair and objective, without any kind of discrimination. You must also notify the Secretary of State if more than 20 redundancies are taking place.
You should keep your staff informed about the proceedings, both during consultation meetings and in writing. Discuss ways to avoid and reduce redundancies, and if possible, consider finding them suitable alternative positions. Make sure you explain why the redundancies are taking place, and go through the package with them.
Your employees are entitled to paid notice, and usually to a redundancy payment. If you don't follow the necessary procedure, redundant employees may have grounds to claim unfair dismissal. Redundancy can be extremely stressful for both employers and employees, and any support and communication you can give to your employees will be appreciated.
If you are an employee facing redundancy, you may be entitled to a statutory redundancy payment. The amount you could be paid will be based on your age, pay rate, and length of service. If your employer refuses or is unable to make this payment, you may also write to the Secretary of State for a redundancy payment out of the National Insurance Fund. You will always have the right to contractual notice, and you could also be entitled to time off to look for work.
Furthermore, you have the right to appeal against your redundancy. You might be able to challenge your termination as an unfair dismissal; for example, if it is based on age or pregnancy, if you have acted as a Trade Union representative, or asserted your right to the National Minimum Wage.
There are many situations in which your dismissal would automatically qualify as unfair, and it is important for you to know if you are eligible to make this claim.
What can we do for you?
Here at Backhouse Solicitors, we have expert knowledge of redundancy procedures. We have been providing specialist advice to both employers and employees for many years, so we really do understand both sides of the situation.
We appreciate the difficulties of redundancy both as a legal procedure, and as something very personal which has an impact on your career. Whether you are an employer needing to make a redundancy or an employee facing one, our team of friendly and experienced professionals can help.
Whichever side of the redundancy procedure you are facing, please don't hesitate to contact us today. You can:
- call our office on 01245 893400
- email us at [email protected]
- or visit our Contact Backhouse page and fill in an enquiry form
We look forward to helping you,
The Backhouse Solicitors team.


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UW scientists have provided fresh insight into an issue that has vexed civilization since the beginning: how to keep a drink cold on a hot day. It turns out that condensation on the outside of a canned beverage can provide more heat than the surrounding air, meaning your drink would warm more than twice as much in humid weather as in dry heat.
"Probably the most important thing a beer koozie does is not simply insulate the can, but keep condensation from forming on the outside of it," explains Dale Durran, UW professor of atmospheric sciences. Durran is co-author of results published in Physics Today that give the exact warming for a range of plausible summer temperatures and humidity levels. For example, on the hottest, most humid day in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, condensation alone would warm a can from near-freezing temperature to 48 degrees Fahrenheit in just five minutes.
The phenomenon at work—latent heat of condensation—has implications beyond keeping you refreshed on a summer day. The concept is central to research on water vapor, heat transfer and global climate change being conducted by co-author Dargan Frierson, UW associate professor of atmospheric sciences. "We expect a much moister atmosphere with global warming because warmer air can hold a lot more water vapor," Frierson reports.


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Synopses & Reviews
Super Science Matter and Materials Experiments is bursting with 10 great experiments for little scientists
- Photographic step-by-step guide to each experiment.
- Key scientific concepts explained and put to the test.
- Notes for parents, teachers and helpers on support and safety.
With 10 fantastic experiments covering matter and materials, children can get to grips with scientific theories with ease.
# A detailed list of the everyday materials needed is given at the beginning of the book, alongside a helpful guidance section for parents, helpers or teachers.
_TAG_ clear step-by-step instructions for each experiment are accompanied by fantastic photographs.
# These fun experiments give kids a hands-on experience of learning and they can even record their findings, just like a real scientist.
# This book is ideal for kids aged 7+..
One of the science experiments books that every kid should have to understand how to put scientific ideas into practice
Fun experiments featured in Super Science Matter and Materials Experiments:
# Can you mix it? Using two different materials, can you mix them together or do they repel each other?
# Colour separation: Discover how colour pigments move at different distances up wet paper
# Electric bubble maker: Send electricity through two pencils using a battery to create a bubble maker


text: History can be studied at Buckingham as a Major. This means that you study two-thirds History and one-third Economics (or English Literature, Journalism or Politics). This is not a pick-and-mix degree; the minor subjects are designed to integrate with the History modules. The History Major is a new programme. It has been carefully designed and fine-tuned by Buckingham's team of experienced and high-calibre historians. The History Major offers outline and conceptual modules which concentrate on the period from 1800 to the present day – though we do study some earlier periods too. Students progress to study the history of history and to reflect on historical method. In the last part of the course we study historical documents and texts, and develop research and writing skills through a long essay and a dissertation. So the programme not only teaches history; it also teaches you to think historically and to research and write history. History is one of the five most popular subjects among UK university students, and with good reason. Having a historical perspective enables people to make sense of today's rapidly changing world. Employers like it, because history teaches you to think for yourself, to work under pressure, and to construct a coherent argument from the evidence. Historical research has never been more exciting than it is today, with the Internet making available so many treasures from the archives. The Economics modules examine decision-making in the context of a market economy, and the institutional supports for such an economy to operate effectively. They deal with cutting-edge issues, such as the problems of achieving macroeconomic and exchange-rate stability, and also issues from the wider economic field: the allocation of resources to health, and raising environmental quality, for example.