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Like Brussels and Luxembourg, Strasbourg is mainly known as headquarters of the institutions European Union. But this French city has so much more to offer.
Strasbourg has a magnificent old town, which is completely enclosed by water. The most striking building is the Notre-Dame Cathedral. This magnificent Gothic cathedral was mainly built between the 11th and 15th centuries. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is 103 metres long and has the shape of a Latin cross. The most important attraction in the cathedral is the Astronomic Clock.
A number of European Union institutions are based in Strasbourg. If you follow the "Palais de l'Europe" arrows, you can view the buildings of the European Union from the outside. You can only visit the debating chambers and the hemicycle on the invitation of a Member of the European Parliament. In the vicinity of this complex of EU buildings, there is also a new building devoted to human rights, the Palais des Droits de l'Homme, which is an architectural marvel.


Home Blog Counselors as Social Justice Advocates
Counselors as Social Justice Advocates
22 May
Counselors SJ Advocates
By Laura Pignato
Laura Pignato, MS, is a third-year doctoral student (PhD in Counselor Education & Supervision) at William & Mary.
Why is social justice important in counseling?
Counselors are trained to understand the importance of addressing and preventing trauma symptomology, as well as the impact traumatic events can have on the well-being of individuals and communities. Moreover, if counselors are to practice culturally responsive, trauma-informed care with the attention such needed practice deserves, then counselors must also address the historical and sociocultural contextual factors that maintain social inequity and generational trauma, marginalization of the most vulnerable individuals, and continued disenfranchisement of communities and diverse groups, both nationally and internationally.
Mental health inequities have become increasingly apparent, as illustrated by the deleterious effects of racism, sexism, ethnocentrism on individual mental and physical health outcomes, impeded access to culturally responsive mental health services that address the above inequity, and disproportionate rates of trauma symptoms reported by culturally diverse groups and underserved communities. Furthermore, systemic oppression and related generational trauma deteriorates potential for optimal growth in both individuals and communities, which affects the ability to create sustained change for an improved quality of living.
Counselors, as helping professionals and agents of social change with an understanding of life span issues and intercultural communication skills needed in an evolving pluralistic society, have a professional role and ability to address mental health disparities rooted in oppression and societal inequities. In addition, counselors are in a unique position to advocate for sustained change within communities by dismantling barriers that impede individuals' optimal growth and community resilience. Counselors can provide necessary connections within the community, access to resources, and cultivation of resistance strategies aligned with diverse client needs and local values by acting as collaborative allies and practicing social justice counseling as the norm.
What is social justice in the counseling profession?
Social justice counseling has been referenced as the "fifth force" in counseling (Ratts, 2009).1 Such a worldview requires counselors to act as change agents through collaborative efforts in a multilevel framework and active engagement with the local community to achieve a more just world. Moreover, counseling professionals have defined social justice in counseling as both an ongoing process and goal actualized through culturally appropriate advocacy strategies that extend the social justice worldview into everyday practices. These practices must strive to enable empowerment on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional levels based on a historical and contextualized understanding of current issues affecting individuals within the surrounding community.2 3
Furthermore, a social justice orientation implies counselors need to embody the mandated multicultural and social justice counseling competencies through reflexivity and liberatory practices.4 Importantly, counselors embodying a liberation or "humanization" mindset recognize the inherent strengths within all individuals and communities, and engage in a participatory democratic process with clients that affirms an individual's power and agency while struggling for personal and collective freedom limited by the dominant status quo.5 6
What are the current social justice and advocacy standards for counselors?
Since the late 1970s, when counseling professionals first called for action and implementation of a social justice education program within counselor education, social justice advocates and leaders in the counseling profession have taken substantial strides to integrate a social justice worldview into the counseling field and governing ethical standards.
For example, the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics indicates counselors have an ethical obligation to dismantle potential barriers and obstacles that inhibit a client's positive development and potential for growth.7 Similarly, the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) defines advocacy as a necessary component in the Ethical Standards for School Counselors.8 In these standards, ASCA emphasizes school counselors' role as collaborators with and for students in achieving educational equity by dismantling perceived barriers to access and opportunities.
Additionally, social justice and advocacy processes are described in the accreditation standards set forth by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). CACREP noted all accredited programs and individuals working within or graduating from these counseling programs have the responsibility for engaging and modeling "advocacy processes needed to address institutional and social barriers that [impede] access, equity, and success for clients."9
These standards echo similar sentiments for the need to understand how power and privilege influence the counselor and client in their everyday lives and the therapeutic relationship. Counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators need to engage in strategies that identify and dismantle barriers, prejudice, and processes that maintain systemic oppression. These standards recognize the need for education and understanding of a multicultural perspective and knowledge of pluralistic characteristics within and among diverse groups, as well as the importance of social justice counseling and advocacy as a norm infused throughout programs, rather than regulated into a single class.
How do social justice and advocacy relate to counseling competencies?
Beyond adhering to the above ethical and accreditation standards in relation to social justice and advocacy by demonstrating foundational knowledge and infusing social justice principles throughout counseling programs, counselors must be social justice advocates within and beyond the office through an active commitment to personal awareness, lifelong learning, and assessing their counseling competencies.
Current counseling competencies imperative to social justice counseling include the multicultural and social justice counseling competencies4 and the recently updated ACA advocacy competencies.10 Counselors are encouraged to build an ever-evolving "toolbox" or resources that reflect social justice and advocacy counseling competencies and continuous exploration for understanding and incorporating more emancipatory and culturally responsive systemic frameworks into research, training, and clinical practice.
Resources Toolbox for the Social Justice Advocate
We Put Social Justice at the Heart of Counseling
If you are an aspiring counselor with a strong passion for social justice, explore William & Mary's Online Master of Education (M.Ed.) in Counseling. Whether you want to pursue, Clinical Mental Health Counseling, Military and Veterans Counseling or School Counseling, this program is designed to prepare culturally responsive social justice advocates ready to serve any population with empathy and professionalism.
1. Ratts, M. J. (2009). Social justice counseling: Toward the development of a "fifth force" among counseling paradigms. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 48. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
2. Adams, M., Bell, L. A., & Griffin, P. (Eds.). (2007). Teaching for diversity and social justice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
3. Ratts, M. J., Toporek, R. L., & Lewis, J. A. (2010). ACA Advocacy Competencies: A social justice framework for counselors. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
4. Retrieved on May 6, 2019, from _URL_-source/competencies/multicultural-and-social-justice-counseling-competencies.pdf?sfvrsn=20
5. Goodman, R. D., & Gorski, P. (2014). Decolonizing "multicultural" counseling through social justice / edited by Rachael D. Goodman, Paul C. Gorski. (International and cultural psychology series).
6. Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed / Paulo Freire; translated by Myra Bergman Ramos; with an introduction by Donald Macedo. (30th-anniversary ed.). New York: Continuum.
7. American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
8. Retrieved on May 6, 2019, from schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf
9. Retrieved on May 6, 2019, from _URL_-content/uploads/2017/08/2016-Standards-with-citations.pdf
10. Retrieved on May 6, 2019, from _URL_-source/competencies/aca-2018-advocacy-competencies.pdf?sfvrsn=1dca552
11. Retrieved on May 6, 2019, from _URL_-center/competencies
Questions? Let's Connect.


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Ethnic Networks and Educational Achievement over the Life Course
The role of ethnic networks for the structural integration of immigrants' children is of crucial importance for integration strategies and policies. The issue is, however, under heavy scientific dispute. While some scholars reason that reliance on ethnic ties constrains the advancement of young immigrants, others argue that ties to co-ethnics can compensate for structural disadvantage. Empirically, there is evidence for both kinds of arguments, referring not only to rather diverse immigrant groups in diverse receiving countries but also to very different steps within educational careers; whether ethnic networks have positive or negative effects seems to depend, amongst others, heavily on the life-course. This project aims to integrate these seemingly conflicting views by a more comprehensive model of intergenerational integration across the life-span. Our theoretical starting points are social capital theory, on the one hand, and the model of frame-selection (MFS), on the other hand, that overcomes limits of standard Rational-Choice-Theories by emphasizing the role of cultural norms and values. Our aim is to explain why the precise role of ethnic networks depends crucially on specific characteristics of immigrant groups, on a specific stage of educational careers, and on specific indicators of educational success. To test respective hypotheses we will rely on data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) that provide a unique chance to test particular hypotheses, as it contains rich information on ethnic networks and social capital of children and their parents at several educational stages.
A review on the state of research has been published as a MZES working paper. The role of ethnic networks for differences in competencies in 9th-graders of various immigrant groups has been analysed. Another study investigating decisions of immigrant parents whether to use childcare facilities has been conducted. An exhibit which pictures the role of social capital for the labour market integration was presented within an exhibition organized for the German Year of Sciences. Results have also been presented at international conferences. One article is under review for publication in an international journal, two further ones are prepared.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Estimating Irrigation Water Quantity and Qualityby Otto J. Helweg, (M.ASCE), Assoc. Prof.; Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.,
Desi Alvarez, (A.M.ASCE), Engr.; Tetra Tech, Pasadena, Calif.,
Serial Information: Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 1980, Vol. 106, Issue 3, Pg. 175-188
Document Type: Journal Paper
Abstract: The value of water quantity and quality is shown by its demand curve (surface). But because the market for water is imperfect, the demand surface must be derived by other means. This paper shows a theoretical process for determining the derived demand surface for both water quantity and quality, using data for citrus crops in California. The results show that for the relevant price range, the demand for water quantity is relatively inelastic, indicating that pricing is not an attractive mechanism for controlling water distribution; however, the demand for water quality is relatively elastic which makes pricing a possible means for managing water quality. The results also support the claim that the value of water is considerably more than most irrigators pay for it.
Subject Headings: Water quality | Water demand | Irrigation water | Pricing | Data processing | Quality control | Curvature | Surface water | North America | California | United States
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Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector
SAGE Publications Inc
Jane C. Wei-Skillern
Publication Date :
1 Jan 2007
Written for students and practitioners of social entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector is about the opportunity and challenge of applying leadership skills and entrepreneurial talents creatively and appropriately to create social value. This book spans a range of social enterprise activity, using international examples from nonprofit-making to social purpose for-profits settings, with a primary focus on the social entrepreneurial process itself. This casebook is designed to develop knowledge and skills for creating, leading, or supporting social purpose organizations and to achieving maximum impact through social entrepreneurship.


Awhile back I had mentioned how the embrace of certain programs that promise to grow the church or be more intentional to reaching out into the community can in fact create what I called the "Lazy Preacher." That is, when a pastor is struggling because he no longer sees the progress he had hoped for in some sort of measurable means (usually butts in pews) then he goes begging. He looks for some other magic formula produced by an "expert" that will produce the result.
The result of this is not that the pastor is lazy in toto, usually these programs take a lot of work and are quite involved bending a pastors time and creativity to the task. Rather, the tendency is to be lazy in the preaching task. Since the answer isn't found in the proclamation then the efforts are focused elsewhere. The preaching becomes lazy, it becomes of secondary (at best) importance to the way in which one views the office of the ministry.
This is, I think, the great battle that is constantly waged within our pastors. The temptation to have as primary importance something other than preaching. For as the pendulum swings the other way, when special programs recede and high-church symbolism emerges the same temptation comes forward. The lazy preacher is not just found in the contemporary congregations with the latest and greatest programs, he is found also hiding behind the liturgy and smells and bells of ancient customs. If the conduct of the service becomes of primary importance allowing proclamation to be displaced then things have gone awry and the preacher has again gone begging.
Preaching is the defining task of a pastor, it is his craft to hone and polish year after year, sermon after sermon. Let us dare to be lazy in our programs and even lazy in our conduct of the service if it means that we are never lazy in proclamation!
luther preaching


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Producing living young, and not external eggs, is a form of birth that could date back to 280 million years ago or even earlier, a new study suggests.
Called viviparity, this form of birth is used by humans, but clearly we were far from being the first to evolve it.
The study, published in the December issue of Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, focuses on mesosaurs, which were among the world's first aquatic reptiles. They lived in what are now South America and South Africa at a time when these two landmasses were united and part of the giant supercontinent Pangaea.
Mesosaurs, and even their earlier ancestors, possibly "were not able to produce hard-shelled eggs, at least for the first several million years of their evolution," lead author Graciela Piñeiro, a paleontologist at Uruguay's Facultad de Ciencias, told Discovery News. "After the recent discovery of mesosaur embryos, we can state with a high degree of confidence that embryo retention developed early in amniote evolution, given that mesosaurs are among the basal-most reptiles and that they date from the Early Permian around 280 million years ago."
Piñeiro and colleagues Jorge Ferigolo, Melitta Meneghel and Michel Laurin recently discovered the exceptionally well-preserved mesosaur embryos at sites in Uruguay and Brazil. The environmental conditions at the locations allowed for the preservation of soft tissues, nerves and blood vessels, she said.
Giving birth in this manner and laying eggs each come with advantages and disadvantages. Eggs with hard, mineralized shells, such as those associated with today's chicken eggs or those of dinosaurs, are believed to help reproduction on dry land. But many terrestrial animals, including humans, do not lay eggs, so there must be other benefits to viviparity.
"We think that the retention of the eggs may have appeared in amniotes as a useful strategy to avoid predation and increase survivorship chances for the embryos," Piñeiro said.
Parental care often then follows. There is even some evidence that mesosaurs provided such care, because adults and juveniles have been associated together in the fossil record.
At least some mesosaurs even had the added challenge of giving birth and raising young in extremely salty water.
"In Uruguay, mesosaurs may have first colonized the shallow water environment of the Mangrullo Formation, which under the establishment of arid climatic conditions that increased evaporation became like a salty marsh where just a few opportunistic organisms could tolerate the anoxic bottom conditions generated by the accumulation of high amounts of organic matter," Piñeiro explained.
Science news from NBCNews.com
When infant mesosaurs entered the world, they possibly even had a salt gland and other anatomical adaptations already in place, allowing them to survive the otherwise challenging conditions.
There is also compelling evidence that giant, carnivorous, four-flippered reptiles known as plesiosaurs gave birth to live young as well. Robin O'Keefe of Marshall University and team discovered a big embryonic marine reptile contained in the fossil of its 15.4-foot-long mother, which lived 78 million years ago.
"The embryo is very large in comparison to the mother," O'Keefe said, "much larger than one would expect in comparison with other reptiles. Many of the animals alive today that give birth to large, single young are social and have maternal care. We speculate that plesiosaurs may have exhibited similar behaviors, making their social lives more similar to those of modern dolphins than other reptiles."
There is one disturbing side-note to such prehistoric pothering: cannibalism.
"Intriguingly, cannibalism is more frequently found in reptiles that are viviparous and develop parental care and social behavior," Piñeiro said.
She and her colleagues are continuing to study viviparity in the fossil record. A paper touching on the connection between mesosaurs and terrestrial animals is forthcoming.
© 2012 Discovery Channel

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Navigate within a table
Maintain Ctrl pressed and use the arrow keys to go to the last non empty cell in the desired direction.
In this example, first go to the Values cell, then will pressing Ctrl, press down, right, up and left.
Select a range
Maintain Shift pressed and use the arrow keys to select the range.
In this example, starting from the Values cell, maintain the Shift key and press down, down, right, right, right.
Select a table
Maintain both the Ctrl and the Shift keys pressed and use the arrow keys to select a table.
In this example, starting from the Values cell, maintain both the Shift and the Ctrl keys and press down, right.
Insert a row or a column
Select a column (row), then press Ctrl, Shift and +, a column (row) will be inserted on its left (above).
Delete a row or a column
Select a column (row), then press Ctrl and -.
Lock a cell, a row or a column
When copying and pasting formulas, you may want to lock cells that refer to constants that apply to all subsequent cells.
Excel allows you to do that using the $ sign:
Lock the cell: $ sign before and after the letter of the cell ($A$1)
Lock the row: $ sign after the letter of the cell (A$1)
Lock the column: $ sign before the letter of the cell ($A1)
By pressing the F4 key in your keyboard when selecting the reference to lock, you can add the $ signs automatically:
Press once: lock the cell
Press twice: lock the row
Press three times: lock the column
Lock the cell
Lock the row
Lock the column
Switch between spreadsheets
To move quickly from the current spreadsheet to the previous or the next one, hold down Ctrl and Press either Page Up (for next) or Page Down (for previous).


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Pragmatism and Modern Architecture
About the Book
Architecture is not origami. A drawing cannot be folded in a clever way to make a real building. A picture of a building is no more architecture than a drawing of a sculpture is the sculpture. To exist, the building must be built. A building is the outcome of an idea.
Pragmatism is the philosophy that connects an idea with its result. It measures the success of the idea by its its function, its appearance and its contribution to the environment in which it exists.
This work examines the relationship between the methods of modern architecture and the philosophy of pragmatism. It discusses how modern architecture and pragmatism developed during the nineteenth century and offers examples of pragmatism within the work and writings of predominant practitioners and theorists of modern architecture.
About the Author(s)
William G. Ramroth, Jr.
Format: softcover (7 x 10)
Bibliographic Info: 43 photos, notes, bibliography, index
Copyright Date: 2006
Table of Contents
1. A Clean Slate 7
2. A Whirlwind Tour of Traditional Architecture 14
3. A Brief History of Common Sense 37
4. Pragmatism in a Nutshell 52
5. Pragmatism and the Design Process 66
6. Early Theorists of Modern Architecture 83
7. The Pragmatism of the Chicago School 98
8. The Columbian Exhibition of 1893 116
9. Pragmatism and Building Codes 129
10. Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier 142
11. The Bauhaus School and the International Style 156
12. Postmodernism and the Art of Remaking 167
Chapter Notes 189


Insurance Agent Certification and Licensing Information
Essential Information
Insurance agents sell policies to individuals, groups and companies. They also help clients file claims. Types of insurance include life, health, product and property, disability, long-term care and casualty insurance. Some agents work for insurance companies, while others are independent and sell the policies of several insurers. Insurance agent certification and licensing standards vary by state and the type of insurance product.
Required Education High school diploma or equivalent
Required Skills Customer service, analytical and communicative skills
Exam Requirements Completion of pre-licensing coursework (for most states), passing score on licensing exam
Projected Job Growth (2012-2022) 10%*
Median Salary (2014) $47,860*
'Source: *Bureau of Labor Statistics
Certification for Insurance Agents
The American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (AICPCU) and the Insurance Institute of America (IIA) jointly offer several certification and designation programs. The most well known program is the Certificate in General Insurance, which covers fundamental insurance principles and types of coverage. Other certifications offered by these organizations include Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU), Associate in Claims (AIC), Associate in Insurance Services (AIS), Associate in Personal Insurance (API) and Accredited Advisor in Insurance (AAI).
Licensing Information
Each state requires insurance agents to hold a license to sell policies. Most states require separate licenses to sell property and casualty insurance versus life and health insurance. The majority of states also require licensed insurance agents to complete continuing education programs every two years. Agents may take continuing education courses to learn more about various policies or to keep up with changing tax laws and government regulations that impact the insurance industry.
Licensing Requirements
Most states require prospective insurance agents to complete pre-licensing coursework before taking state licensing exams. States typically require a specific number of pre-licensing class hours for each type of insurance. In many states, applicants who hold certain certifications from other states or specific professional designations may be exempt from some pre-licensing requirements. There is no requirement that insurance agents hold a college degree to obtain a license, but most employers prefer to hire applicants who hold an associate's or bachelor's degree in fields such as business, accounting, economics, math or finance.
Education for Licensing
Pre-licensing training courses that prepare individuals for state certification exams are offered by special schools for insurance agents and some insurance companies. Additionally, the AICPCU, IIA and the National Alliance for Insurance Education and Research (NAIER) provide pre-licensing courses and seminars. The curriculum for insurance agent certification and licensing courses includes commercial insurance, property and casualty, life and health, liability and government regulations.
Employment Outlook
Due to the growing diversity of the United States, there is an increasing need for insurance agents who can speak languages other than English. The burgeoning elderly population is also expected to spur growth in some insurance products, including long-term-care and health insurance. College graduates with good people skills and knowledge of several insurance and financial products will have an edge in the job market. The number of insurance sales jobs is expected to grow 10% between 2012-2022, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ( Insurance agents earned a median annual salary of $47,860 in May 2014.
Related to Insurance Agent Certification
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Tuesday, June 26, 2012
Running in the woods twice as good as running in a gym for mental health
The study showed that the positive effect on people's mental health was 50 per cent more than they might expect from going to the gym. The researchers at Glasgow University found that being around trees and grass lowered brain stress levels.
The study, led by Prof Richard Mitchell, polled nearly 2000 physically active people. In an interview, Prof Mitchell said he was "surprised" by the scale of the results, adding: "There was around a 50 per cent improvement in people's mental health if they were physically active in the natural environment, compared to those who weren't. These aren't serious mental health issues, more struggles in general life, things like mild depression, not being able to sleep, high stress levels or just feelings of not being able to cope. It seems that woodland and forest seem to have the biggest effect on helping to lower mental health problems. That makes sense with what we thought we knew. That is, the brain likes to be in the natural environment and it reacts to being there by turning down our stress response.
Being in areas that have lots of trees and grassy areas help to calm us down, and obviously a forest has this. I wasn't surprised by the findings that exercise in natural environments is good for your mental health, but I was surprised by just how much better it is for your mental health to exercise in a green place like a forest, than in other places like the gym. The message to doctors, planners and policy makers is that these places need protecting and promoting."
He added that taking a decision to exercise in a natural environment once a week could be enough to gain some benefit, and any additional use could have a bigger effect.
Posted by John Desmond at Tuesday, June 26, 2012


Integral Review
Posts Tagged 'Steiner'
Jennifer Gidley
Abstract: In this article I aim to broaden and deepen the evolution of consciousness discourse by integrating the integral theoretic narratives of Rudolf Steiner, Jean Gebser, and Ken Wilber, who each point to the emergence of new ways of thinking that could address the complex, critical challenges of our planetary moment. I undertake a wide scan of the evolution discourse, noting it is dominantly limited to biology-based notions of human origins that are grounded in scientific materialism. I then broaden the discourse by introducing integral evolutionary theories using a transdisciplinary epistemology to work between, across and beyond diverse disciplines. I note the conceptual breadth of Wilber's integral evolutionary narrative in transcending both scientism and epistemological isolationism. I also draw attention to some limitations of Wilber's integral project, notably his undervaluing of Gebser's actual text, and the substantial omission of the pioneering contribution of Steiner, who, as early as 1904 wrote extensively about the evolution of consciousness, including the imminent emergence of a new stage. I enact a deepening of integral evolutionary theory by honoring the significant yet undervalued theoretic components of participation/enactment and aesthetics/artistry via Steiner and Gebser, as a complement to Wilber. To this end, I undertake an in-depth hermeneutic dialogue between their writings utilizing theoretic bricolage, a multi-mode methodology that weaves between and within diverse and overlapping perspectives. The hermeneutic methodology emphasizes interpretive textual analysis with the aim of deepening understanding of the individual works and the relationships among them. This analysis is embedded in an epic but pluralistic narrative that spans the entire human story through various previous movements of consciousness, arriving at a new emergence at the present time. I also discuss the relationship between these narratives and contemporary academic literature, culminating in a substantial consideration of research that identifies and/or enacts new stage(s) or movements of consciousness. In particular, I highlight the extensive adult developmental psychology research that identifies several stages of postformal thinking, and recent critical, ecological and philosophical literature that identifies an emerging planetary consciousness. In summary, my research reveals an interpretation of scientific and other evidence that points beyond the formal, modernist worldview to an emerging postformal-integral-planetary consciousness. I posit that a broader academic consideration of such an integration of integral theoretic narratives could potentially broaden the general evolution discourse beyond its current biological bias. The article concludes with a rewinding of narrative threads, reflecting on the narrators, the journey, and the language of the discourse. Appendixes A and B explore the theoretical implications of the emergence of postformal-integral-planetary consciousness for a reframing of modernist conceptions of time and space. Appendix C holds an aesthetic lens to the evolution of consciousness through examples from the genealogy of writing.
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Tag: borders
Sinkholes without Borders: Geology, Hydrology, and Conflict Around the Dead Sea
In a heavily air-conditioned room in the suburbs of Tel Aviv, Israeli, I spent two days drinking instant coffee and taking notes at a "transboundary" water conference on the Jordan River Watershed. Israeli, American, and Western European scholars and development consultants had come together to seek solutions for a variety of environmental crises plaguing the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, sinkholes chief among them. A single Jordanian policymaker attended, opening the event with an introductory speech, but heading immediately for the door when he finished his presentation. In the hours that followed, workshop participants argued about the trustworthiness of Palestinian water consumers (none of whom were present), the merits of international river commissions, and game theory-based water conservation strategies. One common perspective prevailed: as an American hydrologist put it, "we water people think at the level of the watershed, not the nation." But what happens when contested national borders create barriers to the production of scientific knowledge about hydrologic and geologic phenomena? In the context of ongoing struggles for self-determination and national recognition, the Dead Sea sinkhole problem—and the different approaches to it—highlight fraught political complexities of the conflict over land in Palestine and Israel. (read more...)


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As a mark of their friendship, Stone Age besties may have given and wore bits of ornate slate rings. According to recent study, these ornaments might have been intentionally shattered and presented as a mark of a social tie, similar to modern-day friendship bracelets or broken heart BFF necklaces. Nothing screams friendship like a bit of shattered rock, after all. The 5,000-year-old rings were discovered in Finland, and their discovery was the subject of a paper published in the Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory.
The rings were widely created and shared by hunter-gatherer cultures in north-eastern Europe as early as the 4th millennium BCE. Because the rings are composed of slate or tuffs, both of which are fragile and easily broken, it's common to suppose that they were shattered due to natural wear and tear. The latest study, on the other hand, shows differently. The rings were never meant to be entire, according to the writers. Instead, they were made to be broken apart and turned into pendants, which were most likely meant to represent individual and community social interactions.
A considerable percentage of the rings – one-third – were determined to have come from Lake Onega in Russia, hundreds of kilometers away from the discovery site in Finland. Some of the fragments may indicate social interactions developed within this network, as they were carried across Europe as part of a large trade network. The scientists from the University of Helsinki and the University of Turku were able to verify the rings were purposefully shattered and subsequently worn as personal decorations after methodically fitting the shards back together, examining their geochemical makeup, and looking for evidence of wear. At the ends of shards, they discovered indications of tool use, as well as finishing elements such as fixing holes.
Fragments from the same ring were frequently discovered in two separate places and had distinct finishes, suggesting that they were worn by two different persons, maybe a pair of long-distance friends. "These bits of the same thing might reveal two people's handprints and preferences." "Perhaps they wore the pendants as a symbol of an established bond," lead author Dr. Marja Ahola said in a statement.
And it's possible that the rings were designed to commemorate more than simply personal ties. Fragments were found in abundance in major, central settlement sites — presumably meeting locations for social events. The authors speculate that tokens were provided to both the venues and the guests of such meetings, explaining their popularity in these places.
The scientists also discovered evidence that the fragments were utilized to build a link between the living and the dead. One piece was discovered at the settlement site, while another was discovered at a nearby burial site, not from the same ring but fashioned from the same stone and using the same manufacturing procedure.
"What we're seeing here might be one method to keep the living and the dead connected." This is also the first time a definite material link has been established between a specific dwelling and a burial location. To put it another way, the folks who lived there most likely buried their deceased nearby," Ahola added. Much has changed in the previous 5,000 years, yet our urge to demonstrate our ties with others via jewelry has been constant, from Stone Age slate to 21st-century baubles.


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As mentioned previously (here and here), I have been doing some experiments on standing still in silence. One thing is to do it, another is to talk (or write) about it. Then I need to have words describing what I have been doing.
To start with the simple; the word silence seems to be quite clearly defined as the "lack of sound", and is similar to the Norwegian word stillhet. There is also the broader concept of stille, which, in addition to quiet, also covers metaphorical uses of the term, e.g. calm, but I do not want to get into more trouble by using that word.
Things do not seem to be as simple when talking about the act of standing still. In Norwegian the word stillstand quite literally means "standing still", and is clearly (and only?) describing the act of not moving. But what is the best English word to describe this? I don't think the words inactive or immobile cover what I want to describe. So I have for the last few months used the word stillness to describe the act of standing still. However I have recently learned that this would be more of a metaphorical use of the word. For example, Wiktionary defines stillness as
- The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.
- Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.
and The Free Dictionary has an even broader definition:
- stillness – (poetic) tranquil silence; "the still of the night"
silence, quiet – the absence of sound; "he needed silence in order to sleep"; "the street was quiet"
poesy, poetry, verse – literature in metrical form
- stillness – calmness without winds
calmness – an absence of strong winds or rain
- stillness – a state of no motion or movement; "the utter motionlessness of a marble statue"
state – the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
fixedness, immobility, stationariness – remaining in place
This is also supported by the Oxford dictionary, which suggests that the adjective still means "not moving or making a sound". Thus, stillness seems to be too broad for my needs.
On my search in the different dictionaries I have come to realise that the word standstill might be the obvious solution to my problem. I am mainly used to this word in the context of e.g. cars standing still, but it might work also for describing human standstill. A quick search on Google Scholar mainly reveals medical or engineering papers using the word standstill, but that does not mean that it cannot be used to describe lack of human motion. In fact, searching for "standstill biomechanics" gives more than 1000 hits.
So I think my best solution is to use the words silence and standstill to describe the lack of sound and motion, respectively, and to use stillness when referring to both.
Please let me know if you have other interpretations of these words.


text:
Seminole & Apalachicola Indian records & miscellaneous
(This page was last updated Oct. 7, 2002.)
This is a transcription of a few smaller Seminole & Apalachicola Indian Emigration muster rolls and letters from National Archives microfilm series M234, rolls 290, 291, 806 and 807. Series M234 reproduces letters received by the Office of Indian Affairs. Rolls 806 and 807 contains correspondence relating to Seminole Emigration from 1827 to 1859. Rolls 290 and 291 contains correspondence relating to Florida Superintendency Emigration from 1828 to 1853. Many of these are very hard to read and there are no doubt mistakes in the transcriptions. More background information regarding the transcribed records below can usually be found in the letters preceeding and following the record, on the microfilm.
The Indians were usually collected at Tampa Bay, Florida and from there taken to New Orleans, Louisianna and then to Fort Gibson, Indian Territory where they were officially recorded as having arrived.
[* Information from the Arkansas Gazette]
- A list of 459 Seminoles and 165 Negroes captured at Fort Jupiter, East Florida, by the Troops, from February to March 1838.
- A list of 132 Negroes and 5 Seminoles sent from Fort Jupiter, Florida to Tampa Bay, Florida for emigration.
- A letter regarding 878 Seminoles and 257 Negroes being emigrated in May-June 1838. 31 of the Negro slaves were detained in New Orleans, see letter.
- About 700 Seminoles arrived in Arkansas in June 1838 on board the steamboat "South Alabama". This group arrived in Fort Gibson on board the steamboats "Liverpool" and "Itasca". "Near one third of the party are negroes"
* June 2, 1838.
- About 400 Seminoles passed Little Rock, Arkansas in June 1838 on board the steam boat "Livingston".
* June 27, 1838.
- A summary muster roll of Seminoles who arrived if June 1838. Lists only the number of emigrants.
- A muster roll of 115 Seminoles and 2 Negroes who arrived June 19, 1838.
- A muster roll of 292 Seminoles and 29 Negroes who arrived June 28, 1838.
- A muster roll of 34 Seminoles about to emigrate in July 1838.
- A muster roll of 67 Seminoles who arrived August 5, 1838. This roll is the same as a muster roll of 65 "Creeks" and 35 Negroes who arrived August 5, 1838 on board the steam boat Itasca.
- About 60 to 70 Seminoles passed through Arkansas in July 1838 on board the steamboat "Itasca".
* July 25, 1838.
The following 4 groups were emigrated together. This party left Pensacola, Florida on Oct. 29, 1838 and arrived at New Orleans on Nov. 2, 1838. They arrived at Little Rock, Arkansas on board the steam boat "Rodney" in November 1838. They were conveyed to Fort Gibson on board the steam boat "North St. Louis" but the boat ran a ground near Cadron, Arkansas. This group finally arrived on January 10, 1839. * November 28, 1838.
- A letter from Daniel Boyd, Nov. 11, 1838.
- A muster roll of 32 Apalachicola Indians belonging to Blunts Tribe
- A muster roll of 126 Apalachicola Indians belonging to Walker's town.
- A muster roll of 81 Apalachicola Indians belonging to Econ chatta Micco's town.
- A muster roll of 37 Apalachicola Indians received from Lt. Berrian at Dog Island.
- A muster roll of 272 Seminoles who arrived January 10, 1839. Many of the persons appear on the list of claims below.
- A letter from John G. Reynolds to T. Hartley Crawford, March 10, 1839.
- A muster roll of 163 Seminoles and 42 Negroes who arrived April 13, 1839 on board the Steam Boat "Buckeye".
- A muster roll of 48 Seminoles who arrived at Fort Gibson, Dec. 23, 1839.
- A party of 205 Seminoles and 6 Negroes embarked from Tampa Bay, Florida on March 20, 1841 for New Orleans and arrived March 29, 1841. They then embarked from the New Orleans Barracks for Fort Gibson on April 4, 1841 on board the steamboat "President" under the direction of Maj. Belknap with Lieut. Sprague, and Asst. Surgeon Barnes. They arrived at Fort Gibson on April 19, 1841. See the next four letters and muster roll:
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, March 19, 1841.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, April 4, 1841.
- A letter from J. Clarke to T. Hartley Crawford, April 14, 1841.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, April 20, 1841.
- A muster roll of Seminoles who arrived April 19, 1841.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, Aug. 27, 1841.
- A muster roll of 199 "Florida Indians" who left New Orleans Oct. 20, 1841 on board the steam boat "Little Rock".
- A muster roll of 197 of "Florida Indians" who arrived at Fort Gibson, Nov. 12, 1841 on board the steamboat "Little Rock".
- A muster roll of 226 "Florida Indians" about to emigrate in February 1842.
- A letter from L. G. Capers to T. Hartley Crawford, March 19, 1842.
- A muster roll of 91 Seminoles and 3 Negroes about to emigrate April 1842.
- A muster roll of 278 Seminoles and 3 Negroes who arrived June 14, 1842.
- An account of provisions issued to 591 Emigrant Seminoles, 18 Negroes, and 3 Euchees for June-Oct. 1842.
- A muster roll of 5 Seminoles and 13 Negroes about to Emigrate from New Orleans, Louisianna to Fort Gibson, July 1842. Also two letters. 84 others not listed.
- A muster roll of 83 Seminoles and 4 Euchees who arrived September 5, 1842. See also letter from E.R.S. Cauby to T. Hartley Crawford, Sept. 16, 1842.
- A muster roll of 96 "Florida Indians" and 3 Negroes about to Emigrate from New Orleans, Louisianna to Fort Gibson, January 1843.
- A muster roll of 51"Florida Indians" about to Emigrate to Fort Gibson, January 1843.
- A muster roll of 59 "Florida Indians" and 3 Negroes about to Emigrate from New Orleans to Fort Gibson, February 1843.
- An account of provisions issued to Emigrant Seminoles for April-June 1850. 12 heads of families are listed. Presumably these are Seminoles who recently emigrated and this is a record of their government subsistence for the first year after Emigration.
- See also records of Negroes in the Seminole Nation.
- "Observations on the Seminole Indians" - 1823 by Horatio S. Dexter.
- An 1842 census of Seminoles in the West.
- A letter from John C. Casey regarding Seminoles remaining in Florida, February 1851.
- Two letters regarding Seminoles in the Creek Nation and the payment of their Seminole annuities, 1855. Also a census of the Seminoles in the Creek Nation.
- Treaty with the Appalachicola band, Oct. 11, 1832 @ Oklahoma State University
- Treaty with the Appalachicola band, June 18, 1833 @ Oklahoma State University
- 1833 Census of the Apalachicola Indians:
- Page 1 - Spane Watka, or Davy's, or Cochrane's Town
- Page 2 - Choconicla Town
- Page 3 - Totointha Town
- Page 4 - Attapulgus, or Emathchee Town
- Page 5 - Iola, or Blunt's Town
- Page 6 - recapitulation (print in landscape setting)
- A letter from Archibald Smith regarding Creek Indians taken captive by the Apalachicola Indians, Jan. 4, 1838.
- John Blount/Blunt and others migrated to east Texas, see an 1870 report.
- A list of claims of "Apalachicola" Indians for the value of their improvements abandoned.


People are placing coins on military tombstones, when you learn why you'll pull out your change
As a nation, Americans show utmost respect for the military men and women who fight for our country and our freedom. The need of paying respect to these service officers grows even bigger on Memorial Day, the day when we remember those who lost their life for the country.
People now found a unique way to pay their tribute to the fallen soldiers by placing coins on their tombstones. So in case you see any, please don't touch them, but put one yourself.
The coins serve the purpose of the soldiers' families to know that someone had visited the grave and is thankful for the sacrifice their loved ones made.
The value of the coins depends on how close the person visiting the grave was to the fallen soldier. Seeing those shiny coins means the world to the families because they know people still remember the brave servicemen and women who we own our freedom to.
This is both emotional and comforting.
If you see a penny, it means the person who placed it only wanted to thank a fallen soldier whom he or she never met. Nickels shows that the deceased person and the one visiting the grave were at boot camp together. Dimes stand for soldiers who worked together, and quarters means the person was present when the soldier died.
From time to time, cemetery workers collect the money which are later used to pay for the burial costs of veterans.
Dave Taylor, a Vietnam War veteran, never misses a chance to place coins on the tombstones of his fellow combat friends. He feels like that way he's keeping the memory of the deceased military members alive.


text:
Long Range Transportation Plan
Major investments in roads, bridges and other transportation infrastructure often occurs over the course of years or even decades. Shifts in land use patterns, demographics, technology, and other factors that affect transportation trends evolve over a similar timescale. Consequently, it's important that, as a region, we take a long-term perspective when planning for the future of our transportation system.
SWRPC's long-range transportation planning activities are guided by Southwest Connects: Southwest Region Transportation Plan 2014-2035. Updated on a cycle of about every five years, Southwest Connects serves as a resource to our member municipalities and other partners who want to coordinate local transportation planning activities with those occurring across a wider, regional context. The plan is organized using a corridor-based approach, intended to help highlight transportation trends, challenges and progress along our transportation system's major roadways.
Contents of the plan include:
Regional transportation vision, goals and objectives that establish a strategic direction of regional transportation planning activities.
The Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP), which identifies specific transportation projects of regional significance.
A primer on transportation context and concepts, and how they apply to the Monadnock Region.
Data and maps that highlight transportation-related trends along each corridor.
If you have questions about Southwest Connects, plans for future updates, or how its content might be applied to local transportation planning activities, don't hesitate to contact us.


Recent Activity for P90X - Nutrition Plan
 How To Follow P90X - Nutrition Plan:
 by member Viktor
Former Swede living in Kansas. Active in competitive sports when younger but been sitting on the couch for the last 10 years.
member since: 29 Aug 07
More P90X - Nutrition Plan Info
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About / History
P90X was released in 2004 and has continued to have great success since it's initial launch. As of this moment P90X has helped over 2 million people get into the absolute best shape they have ever been in, and continues to offer incredible fitness results to those who take on the challenge. How did P90X get started?
It all began with the Power 90, an immensely popular 90 day program that continues to have a huge following. The goal was to create a program for those who wanted more. It was about taking the Power 90 and turning up the flames to create a truly extreme workout program, the Power 90 Extreme, better known as the P90X! Heading it up is fitness extraordinaire Tony Horton of course! Nearly 2 years worth of hard work was poured into the research and development of P90X. With leading fitness experts designing and testing the routines, little by little the program began to take shape. The system focuses on the training science of Muscle Confusion. The technique of constantly changing up the routines you do, which prevents your body form adapting, and promotes continuous results. It's called a training science for a reason.
 Why choose "P90X - Nutrition Plan"?
 Promotes long term weight loss
 Promotes rapid weight loss
 Maintain your goal weight
 A healthy living alternative
 Targets body toning weight loss
 A body "detox"
 Teaches sustainable weight loss skills
 Provides an energy boost
 Improves mood and outlook
 Reduces the risks of diet-related diseases
 A roadmap for a healthier lifestyle
features in a nutshell


text:
Mosque (in Spanish "mosque" in Arabic مسجد "Masjid") is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Cordoba, Spain. It was originally designed as a warehouse / temple / lighthouse. Later, he became the second largest mosque in the world.
Construction of the mosque began in about the sixth century after Christ as Christian church Visigoths. Later, Mezquita (Mosque originally Aljama) was more than two centuries to restore the mosque in 784 AD, under the leadership of the first Muslim Emir Abd ar-Rahman I, which uses it as a supplement to his palace and named in honor of his wife. Land was purchased the Amir of the previous owners. It is anticipated that the Visigoths site includes the Cathedral of San Vicente. If the forces of Tariq ibn Ziyad first occupied Cordoba in the year 711, Christian cathedral was suppressed.
Several explanations have been proposed to explain the unorthodox indication of the mosque. Some believe that Mihrab faces south, because the foundation of the mosque, were from the ancient Romans and Visigoths building. Others argue that Abd al-Rahman Mihrab sent to the south, as if he was still in the Ummayyad capital of Damascus, not in exile.


factual-api-0.1.2: A driver for the Factual API
Safe HaskellSafe-Infered
This module exports functions which are used to execute queries and handle the OAuth authentication process.
API functions
makeRequest :: Query query => Token -> query -> IO ResponseSource
This function takes an OAuth token and a query (which is member of the Query typeclass and returns an IO action which will fetch a response from the Factual API.
generateToken :: Credentials -> TokenSource
This function takes a set of credentials and returns an OAuth token that can be used to make requests.
The hoauth Token type
data Token
The OAuth Token.
This token is used to perform 2 legged OAuth requests.
The service provider has granted you the request token but the user has not yet authorized your application. You need to exchange this token by a proper AccessToken, but this may only happen after user has granted you permission to do so.
This is a proper 3 legged OAuth. The difference between this and ReqToken is that user has authorized your application and you can perform requests on behalf of that user.


text:
On June 4, 2016 at the 2016 New Mexico STEM Symposium, Fractal Foundation representatives Jonathan Wolfe (founder and Board President) and Emma Eckert (Education Director) inspired teachers from all over the state to incorporate fractal activities into their curriculum. The teachers participated in an informative presentation highlighting the key components of fractals and how fractals are SMART – Science, Math, and ART! Following the presentation, the teachers were led through hands-on 'fractivities', examples of the fantastic resources available for free on the Fractal Foundation's website,_URL_. (Pictured here are two variations on the fractal cut-out card activity, a great way to show how the complex patterns seen in fractals are made by repeating a simple process over and over – in this case, by cutting, folding, and inverting. One of the Special Education instructors in attendance also remarked that in addition to learning about fractals, it is a great activity for honing fine motor skills.)
The response to the Fractal Foundation's program at the STEM Symposium was wholly positive. Everyone was engrossed in creating their own unique fractal artwork and found the introductory presentation relevant to today's students and helpful in enhancing the current STEM curriculum. Our group of educators were happy to learn about fractals and how to utilize them to teach math, science, and art concepts in the classroom. The teachers went away feeling inspired, with the seeds of fractal knowledge planted and ready to grow!


text:
Fast Matrix Products and Other Amazing Results
Some amazing mathematical results
Volker Strassen has won many prizes for his terrific work in computational complexity—including the Cantor medal, the Paris Kanellakis Award, and most recently the Knuth Prize. He is perhaps most famous for this brilliant work on matrix multiplication, but he has done so many important things—others may have their own favorites.
Today I plan on talking about some amazing results. Two are classic results due to Strassen, and the third is a recent result related to boolean matrix products.
I will have to do another longer discussion on "Amazing Mathematical Results." I need to think, first, how I would define them—for today I will just give three examples.
Fast Matrix Product
Strassen's 1969 result Gaussian Elimination is not Optimal shows, of course, a way to multiply two matrices in time order instead of the classic cubic method. This is certainly an amazing result—it came as a shock to everyone that the classic method was not optimal. Strassen's fast matrix algorithm launched a thousand results; today many of the best algorithms for X are obtained by reducing X to matrix products. As a consequence, it is quite common to see algorithms which run in time, for instance, where is the exponent of the fastest known matrix multiplication algorithm.
The current best matrix product algorithm is now due to Don Coppersmith and Shmuel Winograd, and runs in time. I must mention the brilliant work of Henry Cohn, Robert Kleinberg, Balázs Szegedy and Christopher Umans who can reduce the search for faster matrix algorithms to certain group theory questions. I will discuss their work another time.
There is a story—I believe is true—how Strassen found his terrific algorithm. He was trying to prove that the naive cubic algorithm is optimal. A natural idea was to try and prove first the case of two by two matrices—one by one matrices are trivial. One day he suddenly realized, if there was a way to multiply two by two matrices with multiplications rather than, there would be a sub-cubic recursive method for by. He immediately sat down and quickly discovered his now famous formulas. At least this is the story.
All For The Price of One
Strassen also has another amazing result, in my opinion, on arithmetic circuits—this is joint work with Walter Baur. They have used this result to get some tight lower bounds on arithmetic computations. In 1983 they proved their result about the arithmetic straight-line complexity of polynomials: let denote the minimum number of basic arithmetic operations needed to compute the multi-variate polynomial, and let
denote the minimum number of operations needed to compute the polynomials,,, and so on, all at the same time. As usual is the partial derivative of with respect to the variable. The amazing result they prove is:
Theorem: For any polynomial,
Thus, the cost of computing is almost the same as the cost of computing and all of its first order partial derivatives. Getting functions for the "price" of one seems surprising to me.
This result has been used to get lower bounds: this was why Baur and Strassen proved their result. The general method is this:
- Argue the cost of computing is.
- Then, reduce computing these polynomials to computing and all its partial derivatives, for some.
- This implies by Baur-Strassen's theorem, the cost of must be at least.
The critical point is proving a lower bound on the cost of one polynomial may be hard, but proving a lower bound on the cost of polynomials may be possible. This is the magic of their method.
Virginia Vassilevska Williams and Ryan Williams have proved a number of surprising results about various matrix products and triangle detection.
One of the long standing open questions is what is the complexity of determining if a graph has a triangle? That is does the graph have three distinct vertices so that
One way to detect this is to use matrix product—invoke Strassen, now Coppersmith-Winograd. Another approach is combinatorial. It is easy to see that there is an algorithm that runs in time order
Of course, this can be as large as cubic in the number of vertices.
What Williams and Williams consider is the following question: is there a relationship between detecting triangles and computing boolean matrix products? They also consider the same type of question between boolean matrix verification and boolean matrix products.
The surprise is that the ability to detect triangles or the ability to verify boolean products, can also be used to compute boolean matrix products. What is so surprising about this is these both return a single bit, while matrix product computes many bits. How can a single bit help compute many bits? The simple answer is that it cannot—not without some additional insight. Their insight is that the algorithms can be used over and over, and in this manner be used to speedup the naive boolean matrix product.
One Bit, Two Bits, Three Bits, Bits
Let me give a bit more details on what they prove, not on how they prove it. See their paper for the full details. Since they prove many theorems, I will state just one.
Theorem: Suppose Boolean matrix product verification can be done in time for some. Then graph triangle detection on -node graphs can be done in time.
Note, matrix product verification is simple with randomness, but boolean matrix product seems much harder to check. Recall, to check that for by matrices, pick a random vector. Then, check
This can be done in time.
The main open problems are of course to finally resolve the exponent on matrix product—is it possible to multiply in? Also the Williams results show there are very interesting connections between checking and computing. I think more can be proved in this direction.


Chance find recalls pox worry
A CHANCE discovery in 2010 in Kingswood of glass slides containing smallpox vaccine from 1841 opened a window on Australia's earliest public health campaigns.
"It shows efforts to prevent infectious diseases in Australia have been with us since the early days of colonisation," said James Branley, a microbiologist and infectious diseases physician at Nepean Hospital.
The slides were found in the Kingswood archives of the State Records Authority.
Dr Branley examined the slides to ensure there were no active traces of smallpox or other dangerous pathogens lying dormant.
"The specimen between the two slides was pus sent to the then NSW governor George Gipps as evidence they had vaccine," Dr Branley said.
"The pus was taken from a female convict's arm — we don't know who she was — at the Female Factory in Parramatta, now the site of Cumberland Hospital."
He said the serum most likely was derived from a smallpox-related virus.
"Smallpox was a much-feared disease but you could protect people against it with a vaccine."
Remarkably, the medical profession of the day did not know about germs or how vaccines worked. "Germ theory would only come some 30 years later but it was understood if you took some infected material from one person you could inoculate another."
He said many diseases had been banished over the past 170 years. "But we have other infectious diseases, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria."
Tablet - Narrow
Tablet - Wide


Let N be interger greater than 1 and consider the statement " A:2^n - 1 prime is necessary for n to be prime " Write A as an implication, Write A in the form "p is sufficient for q", write the converse of A as an implication. and Determine whether the converse of A is true or false..


text:
There are four main detector types used for combustible gas analyzers:
- flame ionization
- flame temperature
Although several different types of sensors are employed as LFL monitors, each has an appropriate application to which it is best suited. Other types of detectors, for example electrochemical and tin-oxide semiconductor types, are generally inappropriate.


Origami Boat
Make a boat from a paper absolutely simple if you follow the simple instructions in the picture. Let's start to do origami boat.
1. You need to start with rectangular piece of paper, colored side up.
Hide in half and then open it.
2. Now fold the sheet in half down.
3. Сurrently bend the angles to center line as shown in the picture.
4. Hide the top layer up and do the same to the back. At the same time, remember that you need to bend well.
5. Now pull the side and press down.
6. Fold front layer up to top, then do the same at the back.
7. Pull apart from one another as shown in the picture and press down well.
8. The last thing you need to do is carefully pull the top part of the model outward, making the shape of a boat.
You only will it straighten in order to add stability.
Origami Boat
Our origami boat completed. Good job.


text: Why might markets tend toward and remain near equilibrium prices? In an effort to shed light on this question from an algorithmic perspective, this paper formalizes the setting of Ongoing Markets, by contrast with the classic market scenario, which we term One-Time Markets. The Ongoing Market allows trade at non-equilibrium prices, and, as its name suggests, continues over time. As such, it appears to be a more plausible model of actual markets. For both market settings, this paper defines and analyzes variants of a simple tatonnement algorithm that differs from previous algorithms that have been subject to asymptotic analysis in three significant respects: the price update for a good depends only on the price, demand, and supply for that good, and on no other information; the price update for each good occurs distributively and asynchronously; the algorithms work (and the analyses hold) from an arbitrary starting point. Our algorithm introduces a new and natural update rule. We show that this update rule leads to fast convergence toward equilibrium prices in a broad class of markets that satisfy the weak gross substitutes property. These are the first analyses for computationally and informationally distributed algorithms that demonstrate polynomial convergence. Our analysis identifies three parameters characterizing the markets, which govern the rate of convergence of our protocols. These parameters are, broadly speaking: 1. A bound on the fractional rate of change of demand for each good with respect to fractional changes in its price. 2. A bound on the fractional rate of change of demand for each good with respect to fractional changes in wealth. 3. The closeness of the market to a Fisher market (a market with buyers starting with money alone). We give two types of protocols. The first type assumes global knowledge of only (an upper bound on) the first parameter. For this protocol, we also provide a matching lower bound in terms of these parameters for the One-Time Market. Our second protocol, which is analyzed for the One-Time Market only, assumes no global knowledge whatsoever.


- GTCF Blog
 You're at a college fair, waiting to talk to a certain college rep. You've been in line for what feels like ages, and you're finally at the front of the pack. The college rep looks at you, smiles, and waits for you to say your piece. But wait—what is it you wanted to ask???
 Here are five key questions that, should you draw a blank, will always help you learn what you want to know about a school (which is, of course, 1. Will I be happy there? and 2. Will they accept me?)
 1. What do students like most about your school? The answer to this question can be very insightful. For instance, if the college rep cites academic well-roundedness, but you're looking for an in-depth biomedical engineering program, this school might not be quite the right fit. Also, a fantastic follow-up question to "what do student like most" is: What is the biggest complaint from current students?
 2. What kinds of students are happiest at your school? Here, you're looking to find out whether you'll fit in. Obviously you can't ask the college rep whether you will be happy at their school, but if the description they provide sounds a lot like you, that's a good sign that you, too, will be happy attending this college.
 3. Do admissions officers make decisions based on numbers, or do other activities really matter? This might sound like a fairly blunt question, but for any school that might be a reach, it's worth asking to avoid wasting your time (and money) applying if they'll never look past an SAT score or GPA that doesn't meet their standard.
 4. How does your career planning department compare to other colleges/universities? This question accomplishes two goals. First, it shows the college rep that you are already thinking about life after college—which is good for them, because it means you're there to be successful and prepare for a career! But second, their answer will tell you what level of priority that school places on placing students in jobs after they graduate. The more resources they cite, the better your chances of getting assistance and guidance when you begin the process of making your post-college plans.
 5. Can you give me the names of a few students whom I could talk to about their experience at your school? This question is a little tricky, because college reps can't give you the names and contact details of just anyone at the school. However, there are often student ambassadors who volunteer to talk to prospective students (and sometimes host them for an overnight visit!), or alumni who are happy to tell you about their experience. If the rep is unwilling to connect you with anyone, that's probably a bad sign... so don't take no for an answer!
 By Holly Lazzaro
 October 21, 2019


text:
The ER membrane protein complex is a transmembrane domain insertase.
Guna A., Volkmar N., Christianson JC., Hegde RS.
Insertion of proteins into membranes is an essential cellular process. The extensive biophysical and topological diversity of membrane proteins necessitates multiple insertion pathways that remain incompletely defined. Here we found that known membrane insertion pathways fail to effectively engage tail-anchored membrane proteins with moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domains. These proteins are instead shielded in the cytosol by calmodulin. Dynamic release from calmodulin allowed sampling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the conserved ER membrane protein complex (EMC) was shown to be essential for efficient insertion in vitro and in cells. Purified EMC in synthetic liposomes catalyzed the insertion of its substrates in a reconstituted system. Thus, EMC is a transmembrane domain insertase, a function that may explain its widely pleiotropic membrane-associated phenotypes across organisms.


10 Things You Didn't Know About Steven Chu
Steven Chu is President-elect Obama's pick for energy secretary.
Steven Chu
1. Steven Chu was born Feb. 28, 1948, in St. Louis.
2. Chu spent most of his childhood in Garden City, N.Y., where his family was one of very few of Chinese descent. Chu's father had emigrated from China to study at MIT in 1943, and his mother did the same two years later.
3. Chu has said that he was not an outstanding student in high school. While he enjoyed a few subjects like geometry and physics, he found most of his classes "a chore." Although he graduated with an A-minus average, he thought of himself as the "academic black sheep" of his family: Many of his relatives hold graduate degrees from prestigious schools.
4. Chu attended the University of Rochester, where he graduated in 1970 with bachelor's degrees in physics and mathematics.
5. Continuing his education in physics, Chu did graduate work at UC-Berkeley. He received his doctorate from there in 1976.
6. After finishing a postdoctoral fellowship, Chu was offered a position as an assistant professor at Berkeley. He decided to take a leave of absence to work at Bell Laboratories, and he stayed there until 1987, eventually becoming head of the quantum electronics research department.
7. While he worked at Bell Labs, Chu was part of a team that won the Nobel Prize in 1997. The research involved using lasers to trap individual atoms by supercooling them.
8. Chu returned to academia in 1987 to teach physics and applied physics at Stanford University. He later became chair of the physics department there.
9. In 2004, Chu was named director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (As a national laboratory, its work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy.) While there, he has made combating global warming and researching renewable energy sources top priorities.
10. Chu's wife, Jean, is also a physicist and a former professor. Chu has two adult sons from an earlier marriage.


kids encyclopedia robot
Silverleaf oak facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Silverleaf oak
Quercus hypoleucoides - Flickr - aspidoscelis (1).jpg
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Quercus hypoleucoides range map 1.png
Natural range of Quercus hypoleucoides
 - Quercus confertifolia Torr.
 - Quercus hypoleuca Engelm.
Quercus hypoleucoides, the silverleaf oak or the whiteleaf oak is a North American species of trees or shrubs in the beech family. It grows in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Quercus hypoleucoides, though usually seen as a shrub, can be found to be a full-sized tree, 30 feet (9 meters) tall in areas where it receives sufficient water. Quercus hypoleucoides can be distinguished from other oaks by its lanceolate leaves which are dark green on top but silver white on the lower surface.
 - Leaves: Are alternate, evergreen, simple, and narrowly oblong to lanceolate. They are usually 2 to 4 inches (5–10 cm) long, with edges revolute. Occasionally there are a few shallow teeth, a narrow pointed tip, and a leathery texture. They are usually a shiny yellow-green on top and white or silvery on the bottom.
 - Fruits: Oblong acorn that is 1/2 to 3/4 inch long. The cap is scaly bowl-shaped and covers 1/3 of the nut which ripens in 1 (or 2 seasons), maturing in early fall.
 - Flowers: Quercus hypoleucoides is a monoecious plant and therefore both male and female flowers grow on the same plant. This is opposed to dioecious plants where male flowers and female flowers grow on separate trees. The male flowers form long drooping catkins that are yellow-green in color. The female flowers have very small spikes in leaf axils that appear with the leaves.
 - Form: Though usually found as a shrub, given enough moisture it can become a medium-sized tree that reaches up to 60 feet (18 meters) tall with a spreading round crown.
Fire ecology
Quercus hypoleucoides is a vigorous post-fire resprouter and will form a multi-stem shrub in areas of repeated fire.
Quercus hypoleucoides resprouting following fire
Quercus hypoleucoides resprouting following fire
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Silverleaf oak Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


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Panera Bread has become a well-known restaurant that provides quality food and service. Access the following resources then answer the questions below.
- TV ad "So Much More than Green"
- TV Ad "Made the Right Way"
- Panera Bread YouTube Channel
- Panera Bread Website
- Panera Bread Facebook
- Panera Bread Twitter
- Panera Bread Pinterest
- After watching the television ads, discuss each component of attitude formation and how the ads approach each. Which attitude component sequence is most dominant? Explain why.
- Look at the consumer values listed in the chapter. Which consumer values do you see promoted in the television ads? Explain.
- In selecting a restaurant, which of the three evaluation alternatives is used most frequently by consumers? Explain how Panera Bread approaches the evaluation of alternatives in its television ads as well as the YouTube channel.
- What information and videos are on Panera Bread's YouTube channel? Discuss why you believe Panera Bread places these items on the YouTube channel.
- Examine Panera Bread's website, Facebook page, Pinterest page and Twitter page. What common elements do you see? What differences do you see? How well does Panera Bread integrate these digital sources with its YouTube channel and television ads? Explain.
- Examine the consumer buyer behavior trends presented in the chapter. Which trends does Panera Bread seem to utilize in its marketing communications? Explain with specific examples from their resources listed.


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This article was reprinted with permission from Liz Day's personal home page. Our thanks to Liz for this fine article.
CARE OF SATURNIID MOTHS Beginner-level info for rearing Polyphemus, Luna, Cynthia, Cecropia, Promethea, Io, Regal, and Imperial moths. (The first 3 species are the easiest to rear.) by Liz Day (see acknowledgments at end) N.B. This info is free, but it's also COPYRIGHTED 1998. You can make as many copies, hard or cyber, as you want, and give them to whomever you want, as long as you don't do so for profit, and as long as my name as author and this notice stay intact here at the top. If I find this piece floating around without attribution, I will hunt you down, and you will wish I hadn't. Thanks. Eggs Keep the eggs in a small container with the lid closed, so the larvae don't escape when they hatch. If the air is very dry, mist the eggs occasionally. Never put leaves in with the eggs - the leaves give off CO2 and the eggs may suffocate. For the same reason, the container should not be totally airtight. Things to see: Often the newly-hatched larva eats its egg shell for protein. Young larvae The main problems with just-hatched larvae are that they sometimes crawl off their food before they begin to eat, and they can dry up and die quickly. To prevent these problems, I keep them in a Tupperware-type plastic container with the lid closed. Put a sheet of damp paper towel on the bottom and lay the leaves on it. Use leaves that are mature, but not old and leathery; do not use young new leaves. This arrangement makes it easy to keep track of the caterpillars, and keeps them close to their food. The humid air keeps the leaves alive and the larvae from drying out when they are very small. Once a day (twice is better): empty the container and rinse it, replace the paper towel with a new one, rinse or knock off any droppings stuck to the leaves or the larvae, and replace errant larvae on the leaves. (Never pull larvae off the paper towel, though - instead cut out the little piece they're on.) Adjust the amount of water you leave in the towel, so that when you close the lid, the environment inside the container will be humid but not wet. Make sure the larvae themselves are not wet. Excessive dampness promotes disease. I keep larvae in this container until they have molted at least once. You can tell if they've molted because in most species they change color and appearance with each molt, and because the head capsule is much larger at each new stage ("instar"). You may want them to switch to another food plant species partway through their development. Sometimes this can be done, and other times they will refuse to switch. Put them on the new kind of food, replace them if they walk away, and watch closely to be sure they're eating it. An ideal time to switch foods is right after a larva has molted, before it gets started on the old food again. At this time it hasn't eaten in a few days and is ravenous. Things to see: In some species, young larvae cluster together on the leaf. This may keep anyone from being isolated on a leaf edge where it could fall off when another larva chews through the leaf closer to the base; or perhaps clustering has some anti-predator effect. Larger larvae Wild saturniid caterpillars live up in trees, where they are surrounded with free-moving, warm, humid, summer air. Avoid air conditioning, which is cold and dry; it will slow their growth and dehydrate them. Don't keep larvae closed up inside a container where the air will get excessively damp and stagnant. (When small larvae live in plastic containers, I open and clean the containers every day. I don't keep larger larvae closed up like this.) In the wild, their droppings fall to the ground far away. Thus, don't let them sit in old leaves and frass (droppings). Larvae are susceptible to many fungal diseases, and to a virus that kills them just before they pupate. The virus has no cure, but many diseases are transmitted by one larva eating or being in contact with the droppings of another, by the rearer handling sick larvae, by dripping water/excess dampness, and by fungal spores that grow in damp droppings. If you see a sick caterpillar, get it away from the others; if you see one with droppings sticking to it, rinse it clean under the faucet. Knock or rinse any droppings off the leaves. (Please note that sooner or later, you will surely lose some or all of a brood to disease. Every rearer experiences this, no matter how well they care for their larvae. Luna and polyphemus seem to be the least prone to illness, but no species is immune. Don't beat yourself up if some die.) In the wild, saturniid larvae get some amount of sunlight. They apparently need natural light or its equivalent to survive, but no one knows exactly what kind of light or how much. Mine have done well in summer shade. Be careful with direct sun - it's hot! I keep my larvae either outdoors, or indoors by an open window. They live on branches stuck in a vase of water. If they are outdoors, all this is enclosed in nylon bridal mesh (buy at fabric stores). The mesh keeps predators out and the caterpillars from walking away. You can also put them out on tree branches inside mesh sleeves. I remove frass every day. Plug the mouth of the water jar with a wad of paper towel so the larvae can't crawl down into the water and drown. The keys to success are cleanliness and fresh, abundant food. Don't let them run out of food. They eat (intermittently) 24 hours a day, especially at night. Larvae can drink water, but they obtain most of the water they need from their food. They will reject leaves that are drying up. I cut the stems twice a day, because otherwise the cut end seals up and the leaves dry out. Avoid crowding them - they interfere with each other, which will stunt their growth. Crowding also lets diseases spread. Saturniid caterpillars are not cannibalistic, but might inadvertently bite each other. One caterpillar per leaf is about right. When handling, don't pull a caterpillar off a surface - the body will break open before the legs let go. Injured caterpillars die. Instead, cut off the whole leaf the larva is sitting on, and move that to where you want it. When giving them fresh leaves, I just lay the old leaves, stems, larvae and all, onto the fresh ones and let the caterpillars crawl to the new food. When a caterpillar molts, it steps out of its skin. However, first it must attach the outer skin to something so it won't fall off the plant. Before shedding, the larva spins a silk pad, and hooks its feet to it. Sometimes you can see the pad, or you may just see the caterpillar sitting there motionless with its head curled under. They sit this way for about 2 days before shedding. You can tell if one is stuck by squeezing its rear end; if stuck, it won't start to walk. You can also see the head capsule becoming detached from the face; this is the first stage of molting. Don't disturb them when they're like this. Just cut the whole leaf if you need to move it. Sometimes you will see a caterpillar that has not completely shed its skin - part of the old skin remains wrapped around its middle like a belt. This is probably caused by it having been moved while in the process of shedding. If this happens, try to carefully tear or break off the belt of old skin. After shedding, they will be very soft. Avoid handling their bodies then, just hold their leaf. They are vulnerable to attack by ants at this time, especially if they get wet or fall on the ground. I lost many larvae during a rain when they were molting. Yellowjackets will attack the caterpillars and kill them if they aren't screened out. Tiny Braconid wasps (like those that make cocoons on the bodies of tomato worms) and large Ichneumon wasps are parasites of Saturniids, but the mesh will usually keep them out. Predatory bugs occasionally stab them through the mesh if the caterpillar is sitting right on the inside of the mesh where it can be reached. Birds haven't been a problem so far for me; I think they don't see the pillars under the mesh. Ants seem to bother larvae under some conditions and not others. Some friends report that if ants gain access to their larvae, the larvae are all devoured; whereas I have watched predatory ants walk right over larvae every day day for weeks and ignore them. Watch your situation carefully to see what is happening and whether you need to keep ants out. When larvae are ready to pupate, they will get what looks like diarrhea - they are emptying their gut to be ready for the next stage. They evacuate their gut in one or two big messes. They also start to wander; in the wild, some species would crawl down off their tree and walk away. At this point you must enclose them so you don't lose them. (Cautionary stories of escaped pillars turning up in funny places omitted). Things to see: A caterpillar's eyes are


C# Length Function in ASP.Net
C# String Length function returns the total number of characters in the specified string. C# length function proves itself as very useful one when it is used with some other C# string functions such as remove or insert. You can apply a simple logic for that for example to remove last 2 character from the string just pass "object.Length - 2" as start index parameter of the C# Remove string function. Try the sample below:
Enter String:


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Free Nursery Education Funding Entitlement for 2 year olds
Central Bedfordshire Council gives childcare providers the opportunity to offer 2 year old funding for up to 15 hours for eligible children.
Children will be eligible for the funding the term following their second birthday subject to the funding dates set by Central Bedfordshire Council. These can be found in the Central Bedfordshire Council's local agreement for providers offering Early Years Provision for 2, 3 and 4 year olds.
Funding is available for up to 15 hours of childcare per week for 2 year olds whose families meet one of the following criteria:
- Income Support,
- Income based Jobseekers Allowance,
- Income related Employment and Support Allowance,
- Child Tax Credits or Working Tax Credits and have an annual gross earnings of no more than £16,190,
- The guarantee element of State Pension Credit
- Support under part VI of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999
Or they have a two year old child who
- Has a current statement of SEN or an Education, Health Care Plan,
- Receives Disability Living Allowance,
- Has left care through special guardianship or through an adoption or residence order
- Is a looked after Child
Children Centres are responsible for completing applications for 2 year old funding and have details of the eligibility criteria. Any parent who contacts you for 2 year old funding without an eligibility letter should be referred to their local Children's Centre (link opens in new window).
For full information on the guidance for providers please familiarise yourself with the following documents:


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Very Low Reading Level Nonfiction
Nonfiction trade books with Lexile levels up to 499 (K-2). If the book is in print, ISBN numbers and prices follow. P=paperback. To be listed here, the list price of the book must be under $20.00.
070.4 – The Furry News: How to Make a Newspaper* by Loreen Leedy (Holiday House 1990 – 9780823407934 $17.95) LEXILE: 440
Big Bear, Rabbit, and the other animals work hard to write, edit, and print their newspaper, "The Furry News." Includes tips for making your own newspaper and defines a number of newspaper terms.
133.52 – Cat and Rat: The Legend of the Chinese Zodiac by Ed Young (Henry Holt 1995 – 9780805060492 P $8.99) LEXILE: 430
Introduces the Chinese zodiac and relates how each of its twelve signs was named for an animal selected by the Jade Emperor. Includes a table showing the signs for the years 1900 through 2007, and the character traits of each sign.
155.2 – People* by Peter Spier (Doubleday 1980) LEXILE: 440
Emphasizes the differences among the four billion people on earth.
158.25 – How to be a Friend: A Guide to Making Friends and Keeping Them* by Laurene Krasny Brown (Little, Brown 1998 – 9780316111539 P $6.99) Lexile: 140
Dinosaur characters illustrate the value of friends, how to make friends, and what characteristics make one a good friend.
222.11 – The Ark* by Arthur Geisert (Houghton Mifflin 1988 – 9780618006083 P $8.95) LEXILE: 380
Retells the familiar Bible story, using etchings as illustrations, and vividly depicting life inside the ark.
222.11 – Noah's Ark* by Jerry Pinkney (SeaStar 2002 – 9781587172014 $16.99) LEXILE: 350
Retells the biblical story of the great flood and how Noah and his family faithfully responded to God's call to save life on earth.
232.901 – Jesus by Brian Wildsmith (Eerdmans 2000 – 9780802852120 $20.00) LEXILE: 430
Traces the life of Jesus in words and gold-framed illustrations.
428.2 – Behind the Mask: A Book About Prepositions by Ruth Heller (Grosset & Dunlap 1995 – 9780698116986 P $7.99) LEXILE: 170
Explores through rhyming text the subject of prepositions and how they're used. Also by Heller – Mine, All Mine: A Book About Pronouns (480), Up, Up and Away: A Book About Adverbs (480),
428.2 – Eats, Shoots & Leaves: Why, Commas Really Do Make a Difference! by Lynne Truss (Putnam's 2006 – 9780399244919 $15.99) Lexile: 380
See how using (or not using) a comma can change the meaning of a sentence.
512.7 – Anno's Mysterious Multiplying Jar* by Anno (Philomel 1983 – 9780399209512 $20.99) LEXILE: 380
Simple text and pictures introduce the mathematical concept of factorials.
513.211 – How Many, How Many, How Many* by Rick Walton (Candlewick 1993 – 9781564026569 P $6.99) LEXILE: 370
The reader counts from one to twelve while guessing the answers to questions about nursery rhymes, names of the seasons, players on a football team, and other basic information.
513.211 – 12 Ways to Get to 11 by Eve Merriam (Simon & Schuster 1993) LEXILE: 60
Uses ordinary experiences to present twelve combinations of numbers that add up to eleven. Example: At the circus, six peanut shells and five pieces of popcorn.
513.213 – The Best of Times: Math Strategies That Multiply* by Greg Tang (Scholastic 2002 – 9780439210447 $16.95) LEXILE: 130
Simple rhymes offer hints on how to multiply any number by zero through ten without memorizing the multiplication tables.
513.26 – Fraction Action by Loreen Leedy (Holiday House 1994 – 9780823411092 $17.95) LEXILE: 330
Miss Prime and her animal students explore fractions by finding many examples in the world around them.
513.26 – Apple Fractions* by Jerry Pallotta (Scholastic 2002 – 9780439389013 P $5.99) LEXILE: 490
Describes a variety of apples and uses them to introduce fractions.
515.24 – Beep Beep, Vroom Vroom! by Stuart J. Murphy (HarperCollins 2000 – 9780064467285 P $5.99) LEXILE: 360
Teaches readers how to recognize patterns through a story about Molly, who loves to play with her big brother's toy cars. (MathStart series)
523.802 – The Big Dipper* by Franklin Mansfield Branley (HarperCollins 1991 – 9780060205119 $13.95) LEXILE: 460
Explains basic facts about the Big Dipper, including which stars make up the constellation, how its position changes in the sky, and how it points to the North Star.
530.8 – Millions to Measure* by David M. Schwartz (HarperCollins 2003 – 9780688129163 $17.99) LEXILE: 470
Marvelosissimo the Magician explains the development of standard units of measure, and shows the simplicity of calculating length, height, weight, and volume using the metric system.
551.5 – Air is All Around You by Franklyn Mansfield Branley (HarperCollins 2006 – 9780060594138) LEXILE: 330
Describes the various properties of air and shows how to prove that air takes up space and that there is air dissolved in water.
551.576 – Clouds by Marion Dane Bauer (Aladdin 2004 – 9780689854415 P $3.99) LEXILE: 240
Illustrations and simple text explain three types of clouds, stratus, cumulus, and cirrus. (Ready-to-read)
553.7 – I Am Water by Jean Marzollo (Scholastic 1996 – 9780590265874 P $3.99) LEXILE: 30
Simple text and colorful cutout pictures describe the many uses of water. (Hello science reader! Level 1)
567.9 – Dinosaur Bones* by Bob Barner (Chronicle 2001 – 9780811831581 $16.99) LEXILE: 350
Presents a poem about dinosaur bones with paper collage illustrations, and includes facts about dinosaurs on each page.
567.91 – Digging Up Dinosaurs* by Aliki (HarperCollins 1988 – 9780690047165 $17.89) LEXILE: 490
Briefly introduces various types of dinosaurs, explaining how scientists find, preserve, and reassemble the giant dinosaur skeletons seen in museums. (Let's-read-and-find-out science)
567.91 – Dinosaur Bones* by Aliki (HarperCollins 1988 – 9780064450775 P $5.99) LEXILE: 460
Discusses how scientists, studying fossil remains, provide information on how dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. (Let's-read-and-find-out science)
567.91 – Dinosaur Babies by Lucile Recht Penner (Random House 1991 – 9780679812074 P $3.99) LEXILE: 280
Describes the characteristics and behavior of baby dinosaurs. (Step into reading. Step 1)
577.16 – Hungry Animals: My First Look at a Food Chain by Pamela M. Hickman (Kids Can Press 1997 – 9781550742046 P $6.95) LEXILE: 480
Introduces how a food chain works, tracing the connection between a wildflower in a field and a snake caught by a mother owl for her owlets. Lift-up flaps offer facts about the plant or animal featured on each page.
581.48 – I Am a Leaf by Jean Marzollo (Scholastic 1998 – 9780590641203 P $3.99) LEXILE: 70
A simple introduction to the life cycle and functions of a leaf. (Hello science reader! Level 1)
582.016 – How a Seed Grows* by Helene J. Jordan (HarperCollins 1992 – 9780064451079 P $5.99) LEXILE: 400
Uses observations of bean seeds planted in eggshells to demonstrate the growth of seeds into plants. (Let's-read-and-find-out science. Stage 1)
582.16 – A Grand Old Tree by Mary Newell DePalma (Scholastic 200


Keichu's Wheel
Getsuan said to this students: 'Keichu, the first wheel-maker of China, made two wheels of fifty spokes each. Now, suppose you removed the nave uniting the spokes. What would become of the wheel? And had Keichu done thism could he be called the master wheel-maker?'
When the hubless wheel turns,
Master or no master can stop it.
It turns above heaven and below earth,
South, north, east and west.


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Don't let the challenges of Jewish genealogy unravel your roots research. Use these seven strategies to strengthen your connection to your family's past.
If you've started researching your Jewish ancestors, you might've heard that all the records were destroyed, or that Ellis Island clerks changed your family's surnames, essentially cutting you off at the genealogical pass.
Don't believe the rumors. In reality, there's not a single documented case of an Ellis Island official changing an immigrant's surname (learn the truth behind this common mistake
). Archives hold impressive collections of records. And a wealth of online resources can help you fulfill the goals you probably share with every Jewish family historian: to learn the fate of lost branches, create memorials for relatives without resting places and connect with distant kin around the world.
That's not to say Jewish genealogy is easy. Cultural differences, language barriers, religious persecution, forced conversion and genocide have created black holes in every Jewish family's history. But those roadblocks needn't stop you from discovering and honoring your past. With these seven research strategies to guide your genealogical journey, you'll find that your family's ties are stronger than any outside forces.


In the US, Hibistat (chlorhexidine topical) is a member of the following drug classes: antiseptic and germicides, mouth and throat products and is used to treat Skin Disinfection, Preoperative.
US matches:
Ingredient matches for Hibistat
Chlorhexidine digluconate (a derivative of Chlorhexidine) is reported as an ingredient of Hibistat in the following countries:
 - United States
International Drug Name Search


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A New Power: Photography in Britain 1800–1850
The announcement of photography's invention in January 1839, first in Paris and then in London, introduced a 'new power' into British life. This new power – derived from photography's capacity to automatically capture the images created in a camera – was soon being used for every conceivable purpose.
A New Power: Photography and Britain _PHONE_ explores the early history of photography, starting with the invention of the medium and the earliest dissemination of photographic images in Britain and ending with the famous Great Exhibition of 1851. It examines the broad range of uses that photography would quickly come to fill, from documenting the invention of celebrity to the very first 'travel photography' and how this helped to shore up colonial sensibilities.
By showing how photography intersected with all aspects of a nascent modernity, A New Power reveals photography's crucial role in making Britain the society it is today.