text:
Go to the BuildPreview and then go to the Starting Ignore Actor collapsed node in the On Spawned collapsed node. Create a new "Get all actors of class" node and set the class to "VoxelTerrainActor"
or the class of your voxel actor. Then create a new then create a new array of "VoxelTerrainActor" and connect that to the get all actors of class output. Example image below.
Then find and right click the landscape actors array and find references.
Then just copy the same things the landscape actors variable is being used for and do the same for the "VoxelTerrainActor" that you created. Example image below.
Last if you go to the BuildPreview then go to the Placement function and add a pin to this Or node and connect up a new == node and set the class to "VoxelTerrainActor", it should work.
(Node you need to add the node highlighted node and set its class to Voxelterrainactor)


text:
Avoiding False Alarms Due To Chemical Fogging
Some of the reputed industries spray chemical fog for prevention of mosquitoes. In such cases the installed fire detection & alarm system within the factory/plant/warehouse, detects the smoke and indicates the smoke alarm on panel. The respective area hooter cum strobes start sounding the alarm/alert.
What is a chemical fog?
Chemical fog is an obscuring haze of dust or smoke.
FINDINGS OF ALARM:
During chemical fogging, the Beam detectors installed above 7mtr elevation height and smoke detector (multi-sensor) installed below 7mtr elevation height detects alarm on main fire alarm panel.
Beam Detector: Smoke cuts the IR rays between Transceivers & Reflector or between transmitter and receiver, which indicates the alarm condition on main fire alarm panel.
Multi sensor detector: Once smoke enters the detector, the multi sensor detector consisting of optical smoke and thermistor temperature sensors which gives a combined signal (Smoke & heat), also separate signal of heat detection to main control panel.
To resolve such issues below listed options can be useful:
- Disarm the Particular loop or zone for entire duration of fogging. This disarm can be preprogramed or scheduled based on timer, so there is no need to Arm-Disarm the system manually on daily basis. This would avoid generating any false alarm or main alarm during fogging in the plant/factory. But the main drawback is that during this period if any accidental FIRE occurs, then it will not raise the Alarm on fire alarm panel.
- Use the Video Based Smoke & Fire Detector (VSFD) cameras which can be installed in low level height tentatively at 3 to 4mtr from floor. The camera can detect the smoke & fire as well as it can be useful for regular CCTV monitoring of focused area. How does it distinguish Flame & Smoke?
- Open Area Smoke Imaging Detector (OSID) utilizes an extensive technology designed for open areas in factory or warehouses where smoke & fire detection present unique challenges. Detector consists of two wavelength detection technics, by using duel wavelengths of light to detect the particles of smoke/dust/fog. The system has ability to distinguish by size of the particle, like longer Infrared (IR) wavelength is affected mostly by large size only, however shorter Ultraviolet (UV) wavelength interacts strongly with both size (small & large). Both wavelength path loss measurements allow OSID to give repeatable smoke obscuration, while dismissing the availability of dust as well as solid obstacles.
OSID is deemed to be a viable solution comprising of an Imager and seven numbers of emitters, which will replace the originally installed detection system. It delivers confirmed results, including unsurpassed resistance to reflections, condensation, dust, fog, steam and other obstacles like flying pigeon, also high tolerance to vibrations and any movement.
BENEFITS OF VSFD OVER OSID:
- VSFD price is 3 times higher than OSID detector.
- OSID can be integrate with any existing installed FDAS system with help of addressable monitor module, for VSFD monitor module and recording server controller or Video Management Server software need to install in any one workstation within the site.
BENEFITS OF VSFD OVER OSID:
- VSFD mounting is very easy & at accessable height, no need to mount at roof height level like OSID.
- Because of low mounting height the detection will be quicker than OSID

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Open Space Technology
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Open Space Technology (OST) is an approach to purpose-driven leadership,[1] including a way for hosting meetings, conferences, corporate-style retreats, symposiums, and community summit events, focused on a specific and important purpose or task — but beginning without any formal agenda, beyond the overall purpose or theme.
Open Space is the only process that focuses on expanding time and space for the force of self-organisation to do its thing. Although one can't predict specific outcomes, it's always highly productive for whatever issue people want to attend to. Some of the inspiring side effects that are regularly noted are laughter, hard work which feels like play, surprising results and fascinating new questions.[2][3]
Open Space meeting at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Seen by proponents as especially scalable and adaptable, the OST event format has been used in meetings of 5 to 2,100 people (in self-discovery work for smaller groups or even individuals).[4] The approach is characterized by a few basic mechanisms:
 1. a broad, open invitation which articulates the purpose of the meeting;
 2. participants' chairs arranged in a circle;
 4. a "marketplace" with many break-out spaces that participants move freely between, learning and contributing as they "shop" for information and ideas;
Hundreds of Open Space meetings have been documented.[6][7] Harrison Owen explains that this approach works best when these conditions are present,[5] namely high levels of
 1. Complexity, in terms of the tasks to be done or outcomes achieved;
Origin and ownership[edit]
In the spring of 1982, Harrison Owen and David Belisle wrote a paper on what he called "organization transformation". He presented this paper at a traditional management conference, the Boston regional ODN conference. It was well enough received and resonated with enough people that Owen and several others were able to organize a conference to specifically address the issues and opportunities he identified in his paper.[9][10] Owen hosted the first annual Symposium on Organization Transformation in 1983, in a traditional conference format, in Monterey, California.[11] The second annual symposium (OT-2) one year later, but still in a traditional conference format.
Because the agenda of an Open Space meeting is emergent, it is impossible to know exactly what is going to be addressed during the meeting. That said, there are several important outcomes that always happen, because they are specifically built into the process, and some other outcomes that can be built in:[15]
 1. All of the issues that are most important to those attending will be raised and included in the agenda.
 2. All of the issues raised will be addressed by the participants best capable of getting something done about them.
 4. When the purpose requires, and time is allowed for it, the group can prioritize the issues addressed in the report.
 5. When the purpose requires, and time is allowed for it, the group can draft action plans for the highest priority issues.
Ideal initial conditions[edit]
According to Open Space Technology: A User's Guide[5] and other books by Harrison Owen, open space technology works best when these conditions are present:
 1. A real business issue that people care about,[16] that it is something worth talking about.
 3. High levels of or much diversity, in terms of the skills and people required for a successful resolution (far-reaching, boundless)
 4. Much passion and real or potential conflict,[17] which implies that people genuinely care about the issue
 1. without a real business issue, nobody cares.
In a different text[18] he talks about preconditions for open space
The essential preconditions are:
 1. A relatively safe neutral environment.
 5. Sparsity of connections.
Typical event process[edit]
The full form of Open Space Technology includes the following (but if some part is missing, then it is not Open Space Technology, only something similar).[20]
 1. Opening Circle (agenda co-creation process at the start, without the facilitator helping / synthesizing / suggesting / reducing topics)
 2. Facilitator's explanation of principles and law (calling them guidelines, invitations, whatever)
 3. Multiple conversations ideally happening around the same big space, ideally several discussion sessions across time (without the facilitator helping those groups)
 4. Closing Circle (comment and reflection)
At the beginning of an open space the participants sit in a circle,[21] or in concentric circles for large groups (300 to 2000 people and more).
Small groups might create agendas of only a few issues. Very large groups have generated as many as 234 sessions[8] running concurrently over the course of a day and longer meetings may establish priorities and set up working-groups for follow-up.
Guiding principles and one law[edit]
 3. Wherever it is, is the right place...reminds participants that space is opening everywhere all the time. Please be conscious and aware. – Tahrir Square is one famous example. (Wherever is the new one, just added[24][25]
 4. Whatever happens is the only thing that could have, be prepared to be surprised!...reminds participants that once something has happened, it's done—and no amount of fretting, complaining or otherwise rehashing can change that. Move on. The second part reminds us that it is all good.[26][27]
 5. When it's over, it's over (within this session)...reminds participants that we never know how long it will take to resolve an issue, once raised, but that whenever the issue or work or conversation is finished, move on to the next thing. Don't keep rehashing just because there's 30 minutes left in the session. Do the work, not the time.
Law of two feet[edit]
Criteria making a topic inappropriate for OST[edit]
Tackling a topic using Open Space is inappropriate and simply won't work when:[28]
 1. There is no real question/uncertainty about how to do the work, (e.g. setting up an accounting system)
 2. Leaders and/or sponsors believe they already know the answer(s) and are looking for ways to sell or impose those ideas on the rest of the organization
 3. Leaders and/or sponsors believe that they are the only ones responsible for, or really necessary for, the organization to do its best work
 4. Leaders and/or sponsors are seeking the appearance of participation, but are unwilling or unable to deal openly and directly with high passion or concern, increasing complexity, real diversity of people or opinions, and/or the urgent need to make decisions and take action.
 5. "There is a very thin line between a facilitator and a space invader"Michael M Pannwitz in No silence in opening
Tips for running a productive session[edit]
Running an Open Space Technology session well is important if results for the topic are important, since OST's "one session (only) per topic" structure means this one session is the only chance to tackle it.
For running a productive session, consider the following suggestions:
 1. Scope. A topic that's too broad may not be tractable.
 2. Let people come. Hold the session in a room that's easy to find, and try to avoid holding sessions at the same time if they'll appeal to the same set of attendees.
 3. Let participants contribute.
 1. Try to keep the group small enough so those who want to can speak up.
 2. Remind Moderator to protect the session from becoming dominated by its facilitator or by another participant expressing strong views.
 4. Let participants' contributions count. Remind Notetaker to write down all major points made, not just a favored subset.
 5. Grow connections. At the end of a session, nurture the opportunity for ongoing collaboration by making time for and encouraging synergistic participants to connect with each other.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "OpenSpaceWorld.ORG". OpenSpaceWorld.ORG.
 2. ^ "Open Space Elevator Speeches". OpenSpaceWorld.ORG.
 3. ^ "[OSList] What is Open Space?".
 4. ^ "[OSList] Circle of One (was OSList Digest, Vol 19, Issue 5)".
 6. ^ a b "OpenSpaceWorld.ORG". OpenSpaceWorld.ORG.
 7. ^
 10. ^ Adams, John. "The Story of the Organization Transformation Symposia".
 12. ^ "Open Space World Map".
 13. ^
 14. ^
 15. ^ "What Is Open Space Technology?". OpenSpaceWorld.ORG.
 16. ^ "[OSList] Structure -- Heavy, lite, whatever....".
 17. ^ "users guide".
 18. ^ Emerging Order in Open Space by Harrison Owen
 20. ^ "[OSList] What is Open Space?".
 21. ^ "The shortest open space how-to that could possibly work".
 22. ^ Reflections of Brian Bainbridge Part 3. YouTube. 22 June 2010.
 24. ^ "[OSList] The 5th Principle / Sardinia".
 25. ^


ISO publishes standard for navigation programming (API)
ISO 17267:2009, Intelligent transport systems – Navigation systems – Application programming interface (API), will help facilitate the interoperability between navigation systems and map databases by providing an interface that will make information accessible and retrievable as well as assist developers of navigation systems.
The new standard describes what data may be retrieved from a database, defines the interface for access and specifies a set of navigation function calls. It also describes the design of the API and gives examples of its intended use. Furthermore, it specifies the criteria used to determine if a data access library is in accordance with the standard.
ISO 17267:2009 is applicable to the following functional categories of navigation applications:
* positioning;
* route planning;
* route guidance;
* map display;
* address location;
* services and point of interest (POI) information access.
"Having an API that defines the methods that navigation system software developers may use to select a travel destination, request a route to a destination, display the planned path, and guide a traveler to a destination will improve the efficiency of the development of navigation systems," said Carl Stephen Smyth, Project Leader of the group in ISO technical committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems, that developed the new standard.
While ISO 17267:2009 is primarily targeted at self-contained in-vehicle systems, it is expected to be usable by other applications that use map data results in essentially the same way. For example, it may be usable in a client/server environment and/or by distributed navigation systems and location-based services without further specialization.
ISO 17267:2009 is not restricted to physical media and is independent of any underlying physical storage format.
Source: ISO.
Banner space


A different proposal for XO upgrade.
C. Scott Ananian cscott at laptop.org
Mon Jun 25 17:51:19 EDT 2007
As food for discussion, here's a counter proposal for an XO upgrade
mechanism, focusing on the network side.
Design goals:
 - minimize round-trips necessary for successful upgrade
 - minimize size of upgrades
Software versions are assigned sequential integers. Version 1, 2,
etc. We assume that every machine should discover an available
upgrade within a day, on average. The constants below can be tweaked
to adjust this interval.
Upgrades consist of a number of messages U_0 through U_N with a
maximum size Umax. The maximum size is chosen either so that a) each
U_i fits in a single network packet, or b) each U_i can fits into a
reserved storage area on the XO (to allow it to be shared with
neighbors). Upgrade messages are independent. It may be worthwhile
for upgrade messages to be applied in any order, but for simplicity
we'll constrain the order of application to be sequential. U_i is
authenticated and self-labeling: it contains a signature as well as a
field specifying the version # of the upgrade as well as i, the
sequence number of the upgrade message.
Part 1: discovering an upgrade.
 Every hour, the XO looks to see how many mesh neighbors it has,
 counting itself. Call this number N. N is always at least 1.
 It then generates a random number in [0, N*24). If the number is
 0, does a DNS lookup on update.laptop.org to check for a new
 version. (Note that the DNS lookup may be cached by the mesh portal
 or school server.)
 XOs which have version V of the base system also listen to the
 multicast address xxxx:yyyy:zzzz::
Part 2: announcing the upgrade.
 If you are the person to discover a new version V', you are the
 Upgrade Leader. While the version on your laptop (V) is less than V' do
 the following:
 a) Set i=0. Stop listening to the multicast address.
 b) download U_i for (V+1) via http from update.laptop.org (again,
 these queries are often cached by a school server). Apply it
 to our local copy (using COW techniques to prevent the
 application from being globally visible until the upgrade is complete)
 c) Broadcast U_i to the multicast address xxxx:yyyy:zzzz::.
 d) If U_i is not the last upgrade message, increment i, and repeat
 from step b)
 e) Otherwise, atomically make our updates visible to the system,
 increment V, and restart part 2 if necessary.
 f) Start listening to the multicast address xxxx:yyyy:zzzz::
Part 3: casual bystanders.
 If you hear a piece of the upgrade U_i on the multicast address
 a) If there is a piece U_j between U_0 and U_i which you have not
 already heard, ignore this packet.
 b) Otherwise, apply U_i and (re)set the Upgrade Timer to expire
 some random time in the future (some 10s of minutes).
 c) If U_i was the last upgrade message, atomically make the
 updates visible, delete the Upgrade timer, increment our local
 version, and rebind our multicast listening address to
 xxxx:yyyy:zzzz:: for our new version V.
 d) If the Upgrade Timer expires, become a new Upgrade Leader:
 set i = the smallest i such that we don't have U_i,
 and jump to Part 2 step b.
Structure of upgrade messages:
1 or more of:

We might keep a git-style manifest for system, patching this like any
other file. This can be used like fsck to sanity-check/verify the
Further, although the 'from' version and 'to' version are separated by
exactly 1 in typical usage, a sequence of upgrade messages can be used
to perform any desired amount of up/down grade. I would propose
keeping 'up-by-one' and 'down-by-one' upgrade message sequences on
update.laptop.org, so that the user can downgrade to any chosen
revision. We might either store'skip-by-N' sequences on the server
(for N=1,2,4,8,16,32,...) or generate upgrade messages on the fly if
we want faster/further upgrades/downgrades.
 a) the school server can trigger updates on all machines by becoming
 an Upgrade Leader and broadcasting bits.
 b) Upgrades are distributed very efficiently over the air if
 mesh broadcast is working (ie, not too many nodes drop packets). It
 could be even more efficient if we were allowed to cache entire
 upgrade message sequences on the XO and/or apply upgrade messages
 c) The Upgrade Timer timeout should probably depend on the number of
 messages in the upgrade and the # of the message you lost.
 d) Although I've described the process above as an automatic
 upgrade, once the sequence of upgrades has been applied, the actual
 atomic swap of current-tree to upgraded-tree could be deferred until
 some point in the future.
 e) Limiting the size of the upgrade messages U_i is primarily done
 by limiting the # of files patched by a particular message.
 However, we can also split bsdiff patches: bsdiff messages
 consist of a control block specifying a # of operations to
 perform on the input file to create the output file. We can
 split the control block into pieces to create multiple smaller bsdiffs
 from a monolithic diff. This is where it would be tricky to
 allow upgrade messages to be applied in any order.
 f) If we distribute any gzipped files (do we?) we should be sure to
 use the --rsyncable option to gzip to ensure efficient binary
 ( _URL_ )
More information about the Devel mailing list


text:
Micellar Cleansing Lotion.
This milky water is specially formulated to cleanse all types of skin, even the most sensitive, with or without rinsing. It softens and removes even waterproof make-up. It is easy to use, well-tolerated and can be safely used for facial hygiene, and can also be used for infants and children.Benefits :
- Leaves skin soft, clean and soothed
- Eliminates impurities
- Apply using cotton wool.
- Massage gently, remove excess if necessary.
- With or without rinsing.
- Adults, children and infants.
- Physiological pH
- Gentle cleansing agents 5%: delicately eliminate impurities, respecting the hydro-lipid layer
- Omega 3 + Emollients: protect the epidermis


National Allied Health Professions Week celebrated
NEMG recognized its approximately 50 allied health professionals during National Allied Health Professions Week, Nov. 2-6. Allied health professionals make up nearly 60 percent of the healthcare workforce and include physical, occupation and respiratory therapists; medical laboratory scientists; emergency medical personnel; imaging specialists; audiologists and speech-language pathologists; and nutritionists and dietitians.
Allied health professionals identify, evaluate and treat acute and chronic diseases and disorders; deliver dietary and nutrition services; provide rehabilitation services; and manage and operate health systems.


text:
Good advertising work isn't simply a matter of recreating an object in 3D. In the real world, photographers use the intensity and direction of light to reveal the properties of their subject matter: its texture, form, weight, colour, or even translucency. If we, as 3D artists, are to create photorealism in our renders, we must employ the same photographic principles.
In this tutorial, we'll be exploring the process of lighting and rendering product images for print. This will be done by deconstructing how the image on the right - an unbranded shampoo bottle - was created, and examining how the virtual set-up mirrors that of a real-world photo studio.
To avoid distracting edges in the background of a shot, studios often photograph their subjects against a curved backdrop. We'll be simulating this by creating and texturing a suitable piece of background geometry.
In order to get a realistic look, we'll be using area lights with raytraced shadows to produce physically accurate soft shadows, similar to real soft boxes. By using Aim constraints, we can ensure that the lights can be moved around the product, without having to worry about whether they're pointing in the right direction. This will also enable us to ensure that the reflections of the lights appear exactly where we want them.
We'll also create a piece of geometry similar to a photographer's reflector behind each light, to which we can assign any chosen texture map. This will give us a visible light source, which will offer more. exibility in setting up lights, and will help achieve optimal re. ections in the product itself.
You can find the scene file for the tutorial in the supporting files. By modifying it to suit your own needs, you should be able to create template set-ups suitable for lighting any product.


text:
Supporting workers, volunteers and contractors
- The Diocese has adopted a general code of behaviour called 'Being Together' which includes our commitment to treat people with respect and dignity, irrespective of ability, gender, sexuality, race, age or contribution to the church.
- The Diocese has adopted a code of conduct for clergy and church workers called "Faithfulness in Service" which sets out the standards expected by all engaged in Christian ministry. See the standards here.
- The Diocese has adopted minimum guidelines for ministry with children See the guidelines here.
- The Incumbent of every parish is responsible for ensuring that people are familiar with the expectations of "Being Together" and "Faithfulness in Service"
- The Diocese has adopted a Model Code of Conduct for governing bodies (see here).
- The Incumbent of every parish is responsible for ensuring that every person engaged in work with children and young people is informed about the minimum guidelines for ministry with children, is supported and supervised in their work, and has their ministry reviewed at least annually.
- The Diocese has adopted a Professional Standards process for dealing complaints of child abuse, sexual misconduct and criminal behaviour which operates alongside a Clergy Discipline Process.
- The Incumbent of every parish is responsible for advising other clergy and church workers in their parish about this process.
- The Diocese has adopted a complaints and grievance process for dealing with other complaints and grievances You can review the grievance process here.
- The Diocese also has a Ministry Issues process for responding to pastoral breakdown in a ministry context, clergy sick leave and other issues affecting the ministry setting.
- The Diocese will promote access to the Professional Standards Office and the Kids Helpline. You can review the contact information here.
- Every member of the clergy having a licence or permission to undertake ministry (except for a limited permission to officiate) and every lay person working in a child related role including teaching Special Religious Education is required to complete a full unit of Safe Ministry Training within six months of appointment and then complete a Safe Ministry Refresher Unit every three years. The Bishop may approve education completed in another Diocese as equivalent training. The normative form of education in the Diocese is the online training via _URL_
Policy updated – 10 May 2021


text:
Trainees will understand the elements of successfully planning for and responding to a poultry disease outbreak, including state and local policies, indemnification agreements, incident command management structures, required animal diagnostic laboratory infrastructure, media relations, and multi-jurisdictional cooperation.
Trainees will fully understand the personnel requirements to successfully respond to poultry disease outbreaks.
Trainees will understand the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements for all personnel responding to an outbreak.
Trainees will understand the options available to cull sick flocks (CO2, foam, etc.).
Trainees will understand about the options to dispose of culled flocks including in-house composting.
Trainees will learn the techniques to clean and disinfect a poultry house to get it back into production as quickly as possible.
Funding for the Emergency Poultry Disease Certificate course in 2009 and 2010 was provided by the USDA Avian Influenza Combined Agriculture Project
titled "Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in the U.S." (AICAP
2). Additional information on the AICAP 2 project is available at _URL_.
University of Delaware • College of Agriculture & Natural Resources • Newark, DE 19716 • Phone: _PHONE_ •

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Zhou, Z., 2012. Development of bond strength in hydraulic lime mortared brickwork. Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Bath.
The first recorded use of hydraulic lime in construction can be traced back to at least two thousand years ago. Hydraulic lime, produced through either adding pozzolanic materials or calcining clay containing limestone, unlike air lime, can set and harden under water, developing strength through initial hydration reaction and subsequent carbonation. After WWII Portland cement mortars had almost completely replaced lime based mortars in modern construction. However, through conservation and specialist construction the benefits of hydraulic lime are becoming increasingly recognised. To support wider usage of these mortars there is a need for systematic study on the mortar properties and structural performance of lime mortared masonry. This thesis presents findings from a research programme conducted to develop understanding of the mechanical properties of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortared brickwork. The work focussed on the flexural strength of NHL mortared brickwork. A variety of material and environmental factors, including lime grade and supplier, mix proportion, sand type and age, have been investigated. In addition the research has completed an in-depth study on the influence of brick absorption characteristics on bond development. The two methods of flexural wall panel and bond wrench testing to establish flexural strength have been compared. In addition to flexural strength, initial shear strength and compressive strength of brickwork has also been investigated. A greater understanding of NHL mortared brickwork performance has been developed through this work. Performance of the brickwork has been related to properties of constituent materials and environmental factors. Recommendations for design performance of materials have been provided.
|Item Type ||Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD))|
|Uncontrolled Keywords||bond strength, brickwork, hydraulic lime mortar|
|Departments||Faculty of Engineering & Design > Architecture & Civil Engineering|
|Publisher Statement||UnivBath_PhD_2012_Z.Zhou.doc: © The Author; UnivBath_PhD_2012_Z.Zhou.pdf: © The Author; UnivBath_PhD_2012_Z.Zhou_appendix.pdf: © The Author|
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Re: Collecting all values with shift
by erikharrison (Deacon)
on Aug 30, 2002 at 04:27 UTC ( #193998=note: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
in reply to Collecting all values with shift
If you are not sure of the number of args, just assign to an array
sub foo { my (_USER_) = _USER_; }
Why not use _USER_ directly, you may ask? Well, first, _USER_ has magical powers. Second, it's less readable.
In fact, ask yourself why the sub has a variable number of args - is it trying to do to much? If so, then maybe you ought to consider breaking the function down into smaller bits with more clearly defined purposes
If the function has a clear need for multiple args, it may still be true that the first couple of args have a defined purpose and the remainder of the args define a variable length additional data. In that case, consider naming those important initial args in a useful way, leaving the remainder in a list.
sub foo_which_processes_a_list { my ( $employee_name, _USER_) = _USER_; }
This has the added benefit of promoting useful information out of the collection of the list to a more important looking scalar
Comment on Re: Collecting all values with shift
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Mandatory life sentences for cop killers
James Leaver
New South Wales
On 23 June, the Crimes Amendment (Murder of Police Officers) Act 2011 (NSW) commenced, inserting a new s 19B into the Crimes Act 1900. Section 19B(1) of that Act now provides that a court must impose a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for the murder of a police officer if the murder was committed:
(a) while the police officer was executing his or her duty, or
(b) as a consequence of, or in retaliation for, actions undertaken by that or any other police officer in the execution of his or her duty,
 and if the person convicted of the murder:
(c) knew or ought reasonably to have known that the person killed was a police officer, and
(d) intended to kill the police officer or was engaged in criminal activity that risked serious harm to police officers.
The provision does not apply to offenders under 18 years of age or suffering a significant cognitive impairment (not being temporary self induced impairment) at the time of the murder.
There was strong opposition to the introduction of the legislation, with the NSW Bar Association and Law Society both purportedly rejecting it. These positions were outlined by Paul Lynch MP in debate in the Legislative Assembly on 2 June 2011, where he described the scheme would lead to unjust outcomes, breach basic principles of justice, that it removed any incentive for offenders to plead guilty and for co-accused to cooperate with police. The Law Society further argued the Bill may cause suspects to take desperate steps to avoid apprehension.
The government's stated reason for introducing the legislation was an apparent need to provide a greater deterrent to people who may consider harming a police officer.
It is questionable whether such a deterrent is necessary, given the pre-existing scheme. Under s 19A(1) of the Crimes Act 1900, people convicted of murder are already liable for life imprisonment, and pursuant to s 61(1) of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999, that sentence is mandatory where the court is satisfied that the level of culpability in the commission of the offence is so extreme that the community interest in retribution, punishment, community protection and deterrence can only be met through the imposition of that sentence.
Further, the same act already provided for a 25-year standard non-parole period for murder of a police officer (Part 4, Division 1A) and provides that where a victim of an offence is a police officer that is an aggravating factor to be taken into account on sentence (s 21A(2)(a)).
If the proper and sole function of our criminal justice system is to deal harsh penalties to people who transgress the bounds of acceptable behaviour, then mandatory sentencing would do that well. Our criminal justice system, however, does not aspire to such a draconian regime. In Palling v Corfield (1970) 123 CLR 52 at 58 Barwick CJ said:
It is both unusual and in general, in my opinion, undesirable that the court should not have a discretion in the imposition of penalties and sentences, for circumstances alter cases and it is a traditional function of a court of justice to endeavour to make the punishment appropriate to the circumstances as well as to the nature of the crime.
NSW has removed the ability of the Court to make that endeavour for people convicted of a very serious crime.
JAMES LEAVER studies law at the University of Technology, Sydney, though he is more often found on Twitter masquerading as _USER_.
(2011) 36(3) AltLJ 207
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text:
kind of treatment.
Evaluation of Aversion therapy.
Aversion therapy is used for some individuals who have serious behavioural problems.
-It can be extremely unpleasant for the person who has the treatment. -Ethical issues: balanced against the possible benefits to the person.
It is not always sucessful overtime. People find that it reduces it for a period, unless they have additional support, they are likely to go back to their addictive behaviour once the treatment stops.
Token Economy programmes.
There are many things that can act as rewards or positive reinforcers.
Primary Reinforcer: a reward, such as Food and Water - ESSENTIAL.
Secondary Reinforcer: a reward such as Money or a token - something that someone can exchange for a primary reinforcer.
Evaluation of token economy programmes
-improvements in the behaviour and self care of patients who have been in hospital for a long time.
-criticised: patients focus on the rewards rather than wanting there own behaviour to improve, change may not last in the outside world.
-if the reward is not immediate then the association between the reward and action is lost, which means that the behaviour is not being reinforced.


Let define the $(3,2)_s$ SAT problem : Given $F_3$, a satisfiable 3-CNF formula, and $F_2$, a 2-CNF formula ($F_3$ and $F_2$ are defined on the same variables). Is $F_3 \wedge F_2$ satisfiable?
What is the complexity of this problem? (Has it been studied before?)
This problem is NP-complete.
Let $\varphi$ be an arbitrary CNF formula (an instance of SAT). Consider $\varphi \lor y$, where $y$ is a fresh variable; obviously, this formula is satisfiable (you can simply set $y$ to true). Now convert $\varphi \lor y$ to 3-CNF, using any standard method, and let $\psi$ denote the result. Note that $\psi$ is a satisfiable 3-CNF formula, so we can let $F_3 = \psi$. Now, let $F_2 = \neg y$. Notice that $F_3 \land F_2$ is satisfiable if and only if $\varphi$ is. Therefore, the $(3,2)_s$ SAT problem is at least as hard as SAT. Also, it is clearly no harder than SAT. Therefore, it is exactly as difficult as SAT.
 - $\begingroup$ Tks _USER_.W, quite convincing. $\endgroup$ – Xavier Labouze Jul 15 '13 at 18:15
 - $\begingroup$ You should just reduce from 3SAT instead of from SAT. $\endgroup$ – Tyson Williams Jul 15 '13 at 20:35
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ _USER_, yup, sure, we could do that too. Is there any sense in which reducing from 3SAT would be better? It doesn't seem to make any significant difference either way, as far as I can see. Reducing from 3SAT doesn't seem to make the reduction any simpler. Even if $\varphi$ is a 3-CNF formula, $\varphi \lor y$ won't be, so you still need to convert to 3-CNF either way. $\endgroup$ – D.W. Jul 16 '13 at 0:30
 - $\begingroup$ Ah, yes. Good point. $\endgroup$ – Tyson Williams Jul 18 '13 at 18:46
Here is a paper by Porshen and Speckenmayer : Satisfiability of mixed Horn formulas which shows that even when $F_3$ is Horn, the problem of deciding the satisfiability of $F_3 \wedge F_2$ is NP-complete.
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Robertus de Bailly
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Robertus de Bailly
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Verrazano Globe, 1530
Gilded copper
Diameter 5 1/2 inches (133mm)
Purchased by Pierpont Morgan, 1912
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One of the earliest dated globes, this gilded sphere depicts the world as known from the explorations of Giovanni da Verrazano, who journeyed to the New World in 1524. He sailed along the coast from South Carolina to Newfoundland, becoming the first European since the Norse colonizers of ca. 1000 to visit New York and Narragansett Bay. The globe, executed by sculptor Robertus de Bailly in 1530, was based on a 1529 map by Verrazano's brother, Girolamo. Like the map, it identifies the newly charted North American continent as Verrazana.


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Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never directly observed or found in isolation; they can be found only within baryons or mesons.
This sentence makes me very nervous: Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement
This sentence is Like I want to prove something spurious to save the subject (quark).
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5 Answers 5
It is believed for good reason that confinement isn't just some made up thing. The good reason is from Lattice QCD. While it is not analytic proof, simulations of QCD show that QCD is indeed confining naturally. That is, confinement is already hidden inside QCD and happens naturally. Furthermore, for high enough temperatures QCD is deconfining, and the result is a quark-gluon plasma, where the two run around like a plasma. It is unfortunate that as of yet little experimental evidence exists for a deconfining phase of QCD, at least to my knowledge. But computational work on QCD sheds a great deal of insight into the genuine physics of QCD. As a note, deep inelastic scattering provides evidence for quarks, as the experiment resembles Rutherford scattering, which phenomenologically helped develop an accurate model of the atom eventually. Funny enough the "planet model" of the atom is an inaccurate interpretations in certain circumstances.
That being said, our interpretations of physics and physical systems changes (period). So almost inevitably, while quarks will probably stick around, how we view them will change.
If you are interested in constraints put on QCD by computational simulations look into Lattice QCD and Gauge Fields on a Lattice. It has been an important step in tapping into non-perturbative QCD.
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A question for you: is anyone approaching the continuous confinement problem from the perspective of conformal limits of lattices a la Stanislav Smirnov's approach to percolation and other problems? – Ryan Thorngren Sep 10 '12 at 23:14
_USER_: Everybody is doing that, that's the only approach. – Ron Maimon Sep 10 '12 at 23:40
_USER_ Haha, thank you. I admit I cannot imagine any other way to tackle it. – Ryan Thorngren Sep 11 '12 at 0:25
_USER_ if you consider the atom as a little solar system with electrons orbiting the nucleus, then you end up having a continuum of energy states for any energy greater than the rest mass of the nucleus. This isn't the case, since we know that electrons in atoms only orbit at select energies. In other words there is gap in the energy an atom has where there is no electron orbiting the nucleus, and the lowest possible energy observed with an electron orbiting the nucleus, i.e. there are "orbitals". Schrodingers equation predicts these energy levels. – kηives Sep 16 '12 at 23:01
_USER_ Most circumstances. But, famously, if you fire electrons at an atom, sometimes it just goes through, and other times it scatters, and scatters backwards sometimes. This demonstrated that the charge distributions in the atom are not smeared uniformly everywhere, since the electron is affected differently for each shot. This clumping of charge distribution is attributed to the idea that the atom is built up of constituents, each of which has a charge or is neutral. – kηives Sep 16 '12 at 23:40
Your position on quarks, that they are made-up constituents, was the mainstream view in physics from 1964, when Zweig and Gell-Mann independently proposed quarks, to November 1974, when the charm quark was discovered and everyone else decided it was the right idea. In this intermediate time, the idea of a permanently confined particle was considered suspect, so the theories of the strong interaction were not allowed to speak about hypothetical pointlike consituents. The quark model was still very strongly supported by indirect evidence, but in a sense it is good that strong interaction community rejected these ideas, otherwise we might never have string theory.
The phenomenon of confinement is not so mysterious, it was already understood on 1 dimension by Schwinger in the early 1960s. In 1 dimension of space, the electric force doesn't spread out as it does in 3 dimensions, and the force doesn't get weaker with distance. This means if you pull apart an electron and an anti-electron in 1d, at some point, you do enough work to make new electron anti-electron pair from the vacuum, and this pair-production neutralizes the two particles. This means that the only finite energy states are neutral composites. This was extended to the non-abelian case by 'tHooft, and the notion of confinement is completely understood in 1+1 dimensions.
The idea Gell-Mann indirectly promoted, and which was established by many people in the 1970s, is that something like this happens with quarks, that they are linked by a flux-string that makes the force constant, as if it were effectively 1 dimensional. This flux-tube idea was not well established in the 1970s, but you can't reject it anymore. Aside from lattice simulations, which show the flux tube in static-force calculations (the force between two quarks is constant with distance when they are far apart, just as in 1 dimension), there are also known exact dualities between string theories of infinitesimal flux lines and certain gauge theories that are similar enough to QCD that one can get a handle on how confinement qualitatively happens.
So the basic answer to your question is "no". It is as impossible for quarks to be wrong as it is for there to be no such thing as an antiproton. The evidence for quarks now comes from heavy-quark physics, where we can see spectroscopically the heavy quarks bound in non-relativistic bound-states with other heavy quarks. These charm-charm, bottom-bottom systems behave in just the way expected from nonrelativistic particles bound by a gauge force.
There is separate routine evidence from high-energy inclusive scattering. When you smash protons, you see jets, which are showers of particles in certain directions, and the jet emissions are correlated, so if you see three jets emerging, you can figure out the momentum of the objects which came from the collision point, and the probability distribution of the jet energy and angle can be calculated from QCD. The QCD calculations are in complete accord with experimental data, so much so that one has to go to high order of peturbations to match the distributions in complex multi TeV-energy scattering.
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Ron, would you say that confinement in higher dimensions is due to the very same mechanism as in 1+1 dimensions, but acting within the flux-tube? – Mitchell Porter Sep 11 '12 at 3:28
_USER_: This is well accepted. The problem is showing how the strong field gets squeezed into 1 dimension. The basic idea is 'tHooft's, that the strong vacuum can't sustain a weak chromoelectric flux, like a superconductor can't sustain a weak magnetic flux. In a superconductor you squeeze flux into a flux line. If you have a weak chromoelectric flux, it orders the vacuum too much, the strong field is Euclidean random at large distances, so instead of adding a small bias over all space, you compress the bias into a flux line. This is the standard idea, but it's not quantitative yet. – Ron Maimon Sep 11 '12 at 3:59
... but it can't be wrong, because you can see the flux tube emerge in lattice QCD, and it's also completely clear from the long-distance independent randomization that this is what happens. – Ron Maimon Sep 11 '12 at 4:00
_USER_ Thank you for these insights into the dimensional aspects. I wonder if you might be able to take a look into my open question. Perhaps I could draw an understanding of the lattice structures interactions. – Garet Claborn Sep 16 '12 at 22:59
_USER_: It's not an open question--- it's a nonsensical question. The Higgs field doesn't have a "shape" and it is no more top anti-top as bottom anti-bottom or up anti-up. It's not a quark bilinear, this is clear, but it might be a bilinear of something else. The quarks have direct strong interactions, while the Higgs gets strong interactions only through loops. I don't have any more to contribute to the answer, because "shape of the Higgs" doesn't make sense. – Ron Maimon Sep 17 '12 at 7:34
This question can be answered by analogies:
Thermodynamics was the pinnacle of the mathematical formulation of physics for a long time. Then statistical mechanics was experimentally discovered to hold, due to the particulate nature of matter with a whole new tool box for calculations. Did this make thermodynamics "false"?
The quark model and its theoretical formulation is based on solid experimental evidence, as Ron Maimon points out in his answer. If, and it is a big if by itself, an underlying theory is ever found which will be necessary to explain new, unknown to us now, data, which may change the way physicists explain the Standard Model accumulation of data


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
For other meanings, see bug.
Bugs Bunny is a fictional street-smart gray rabbit appearing in the Looney Tunes series of cartoons, and is one of the most recognizable characters, real or imaginary, in the world. According to his bio, he was "born" in 1940 in Brooklyn, New York. But according to Mel Blanc, his voice actor, his accent is an equal blend of someone from the Bronx and someone from Brooklyn. He soon wound up on the Warner Brothers studio lot.
He is noted for his signature line of "Eh, what's up, doc?" and his feuds with Elmer Fudd, Yosemite Sam, Marvin the Martian, Daffy Duck, and even Wile E. Coyote, who usually takes on the Road Runner. Almost invariably, Bugs comes out the winner in these conflicts, because that is in his nature. This is especially obvious in films directed by Chuck Jones, who liked to pit "winners" against "losers". Worrying that audiences would lose sympathy for an aggressor who always won, Jones found the perfect way to make Bugs sympathetic in the films by having the antagonist repeatedly bully, cheat or threaten Bugs in some way. Thus offended, (usually three times) Bugs would often state "Of course, you realize this means war" (a line which Jones noted was taken from Groucho Marx) and the audience gives Bugs silent permission to inflict his havoc, having earned his right to retaliate and/or defend himself. Other directors like Friz Freleng had Bugs go out of his way to help others in trouble, again creating an acceptable circumstance for his mischief. When Bugs meets other characters who are also "winners", however, like Cecil the Turtle in Tortoise Beats Hare, or, in WWII, the Gremlin of Falling Hare, his record is rather dismal; his overconfidence tends to work against him.
Bugs Bunny is a modern equivalent of the mythological trickster figure.
Bugs's real name (according to a comic book) is George Washington Bunny.
A suggested early influence
A number of animation historians believe Bugs to have been infuenced by an earlier Disney character called Max Hare. Max first appeared in the Silly Symphony The Tortoise and the Hare, directed by Wilfred Jackson and animated by Larry Clemons, Dick Huemer, Hamilton Luske and Ward Kimball. The story was based on a fable by Aesop and cast Max against Toby Tortoise. Max was designed by Charlie Thorsen.
His own film had a sequel: Toby Tortoise Returns, again directed by Wilfred Jackson and first released on August 22, 1936. The title characters would not make a reappearance until Mickey's Christmas Carol (October 20, 1983).
The only solid connection between Max and Bugs however is Charlie Thorsen. He was also responsible for the redesign of Bugs from a white to a gray rabbit for his third appearance Hare-um Scare-um (see below). Thus the similarity in design.
Bugs Bunny first appeared in the cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt, first released on April 30, 1938. The short was co-directed by Cal Dalton and Joseph Benson Hardaway, the latter better known as Ben Hardaway and nick-named "Bugs". The cartoon had an almost identical theme to an early cartoon Porky's Duck Hunt, first released on July 7,1937, directed by Tex Avery and introducing Daffy Duck. Following this earlier film, the short cast Porky Pig as a hunter against an equally nutty prey, who was more interested in driving his hunter insane than running away. But instead of a black duck, his current prey was a tiny, white rabbit. This unnamed new character, with Mel Blanc already acting as his voice actor, would hardly be recognizable to today's audiences. And his introductory words were "Jiggers, fellers!" Perhaps more characteristically he quoted Groucho Marx in saying "Of course, you know, this means war." Porky was the first of Bugs' opponents to end up hospitalized. This rabbit was known as "Bugs' Bunny", as it had been Bugs Hardaway who came up with the rabbit and drew his model sheet; "Bugs Bunny" (with no possessive apostrophe) as the formal name of the character would not come until 1940. This is the first Bugs Bunny short as figured by Chuck Jones. Also, in this cartoon, the rabbit's laugh served as the prototype of the Woody Woodpecker cartoons.
His second appearance was in Prest-O Change-O, first released on March 25, 1939, directed by Chuck Jones. There he serves as the pet rabbit of Sham-Fu the Magician, an unseen character. When two dogs enter the house of his absent master while seeking refuge from a storm, the rabbit starts harassing them. Bugs kisses one of the dogs twice. This is considered the first time where Bugs kisses his antagonist in order to confuse him. This is also the first time where his antagonist manages to defeat him.
His third appearance was in Hare-um Scare-um, first released in August 12, 1939, again directed by Dalton and Hardaway. Gil Turner, the animator for this short, was the first to give a name to the character. He had written "Bugs' Bunny" on his model sheet, meaning he considered the character to be Hardaway's. This short was also the first where Bugs was depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one. He was redesigned by Charlie Thorsen (see above). The plot of the short was simple, Bugs was confronting another hunter and his hunting dog. But the short is notable as featuring Bugs' first singing role and also the first time where he dresses in drag to seduce his antagonist. Following this short he was given the name "Bugs" by the Termite Terrace animators in honor of his creator, Ben "Bugs" Hardaway.
His fourth appearance was in Elmer's Candid Camera by Chuck Jones, first released on March 2, 1940. There both Bugs and Elmer Fudd were redesigned to the appearances that would become familiar to audiences. It was the first meeting of the two characters. Elmer is just interested in taking photos of the country landscape but Bugs has found him a convenient victim to harass, just for the fun of it. Bugs' true personality would then emerge in Tex Avery's A Wild Hare, first released on July 27, 1940. It was in this cartoon that he first emerged from his rabbit hole to ask Elmer Fudd, now a hunter, "What's up, Doc?" It is considered the first fully developed appearance of the character. Animation historian Joe Adamson counts A Wild Hare as the first Bugs Bunny short, with the previous shorts being different one-off bunnies bearing only coincidental resemblance to Bugs.
Bugs then made a cameo in Robert Clampett's Patient Porky, first released on September 14, 1940 to announce the birth of 260 rabbits. His seventh appearance finally introduced the audience to the name Bugs Bunny which up till then was only used among the Termite Terrace. It was Chuck Jones' Elmer's Pet Rabbit, first released on January 4, 1941. It was also the first short where he got top billing. He would soon become the most prominent of the Looney Tunes characters as his calm, flippant insouciance endeared him to American audiences during and after World War II.
Bugs would appear in five more shorts during 1941. The first of them was Tex Avery's Tortoise Beats Hare, first released on March 22, 1941. It was based on a tale of Aesop, where a hare challenges a turtle to a race and loses due to his own overconfidence. But in this short Bugs was simply outwitted by his rival Cecil Turtle. The latter had placed identical-looking relatives of his all over the course of the race to convince Bugs that he had outrun him. It was the first short where Bugs found himself at the receiving end of a plan aiming at the humiliation of an antagonist.Tex Avery would later re-use the idea of a large number of identical-looking relatives acting like a single person in his shorts starring Droopy Dog.
The second of them was Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt, first released on June 7, 1941. There Bugs found himself being hunted by "Little Hiawatha", a small version of Hiawatha. The short makes several references to "The Song of Hiawatha", an epic poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt was the first short to have Bugs facing a Native American. Perhaps more importantly it was the first of Bugs' shorts to be directed by Friz Freleng.
The third was Tex Avery's The Heckling Hare, first released on July 12, 1941. In this case he faced not another hunter but instead a hound called Willoughby. In style that was at the time becoming typical of the character Bugs easily outwitted and tormented his antagonist through the short and there was only one thing puzzling him: "Let's see...what can I do to this guy next?"
Avery also directed the next of Bugs' shorts, All This and Rabbit Stew, first released on September 20, 1941. Bugs faces yet another hunter but this time he is an African American caricature, based on the tradition of Blackface performance. After outwitting, tormenting and humiliating his opponent Bugs convinces him to decide the outcome of their confrontation by throwing dice


text:
This garden features plants that can grow naturally to form a specific shape or that can be trimmed to create a specific shape.
Shapes in this garden include rounded, pyramidal, and columnar shapes. Shape, or form, is a very important feature in garden design. The selection of plant shape in a design can define whether a garden draws the observer's eye to the ground or to the sky. Repeating forms in the garden can also bring unity and harmony to a garden design.
A prominent plant used in the Shape Garden is dwarf yaupon (llex vomitoria 'Nana'). As the scientific name suggests, this native evergreen holly has toxic berries, though birds can eat them with no ill effects. Native Americans also used various parts of the plant for medicinal purposes. A tea made with the leaves of yaupon has a high caffeine content. When planted spaciously and left alone, the dwarf yaupon will form nicely rounded masses that lend themselves to be pruned.


React Native Camera – Libraries Comparison
Dawid Przydróżny
Sep 14, 2021 • 8 min read
For a long time in the RN environment, not much has happened in the field of libraries to support the camera.
We all used React Native Camera (RNCamera) because it was the most polished and recommended by the React Native community, but it seems that it is standing still and does not plan any active development. Fortunately, a new library has emerged from around the corner that could patch the hole of useful camera libraries in the RN environment: RN Vision Camera.
What is React Native Camera?
React Native Camera (RN Camera) is probably the most well-known camera library in the RN environment. We shouldn't be surprised because the start date for this library was just after React Native's release. It grew up with RN and has fulfilled its role through the years. The library was promoted and recommended by React Native for a long time, so the community that uses it is substantial. It's still a good library for using the camera in your app, just install React Native Camera and enjoy the cross-platform camera module with photo and video recording functionality. At this point, you may start wondering why this article was written at all when this library is mature, useful, and has a great community. There are a few problems with RN Camera: it has stopped developing and improving, there is a problem with maintainers, and finally, with better and better cameras in our smartphones we need more functionality and a better API to get the most out of the camera on our device — in summary, the library has become a bit rusty.
React Native camera libraries comparison
At the moment there are only three sensible libraries for using the phone's camera in RN apps, these are:
- Large community, mature product.
- Easy setup with just one additional step (permissions).
- Can be used with Expo.
- Good documentation with recipes.
- Valuable props to set autofocus, flash, ratio, white balance, exposure, zoom, and video quality.
- It is possible to switch between front and back cameras.
- Additional features like face detection, barcode detection, and text recognition.
- Library is actively looking for maintainers, which means it could be unsupported soon.
- Can't switch between all of the available camera lenses.
- There is no built-in UI, so everything must be implemented e.g. snap button.
RN Vision Camera
- Library is rapidly gaining popularity.
- Nice lifecycle mechanism that will keep the camera session if the app is in the background or the user is navigating to a different screen.
- The strongest point of the library — it can detect all device camera lenses and you can switch between them in the way you want.
- Each lens returns all possible formats you can use and additional props like min zoom, max zoom, it has torch, has flash, supports focus, supports raw capture, etc.
- There are some available presets that can be used (you can get lost with formats, it is usually around 60 of them available for each lens).
- It can take snapshots.
- Available frame processors — for example, it's possible to detect objects with the camera.
- Good documentation.
- Some additional installation steps needed like raise min iOS version, raise target Android SDK version, etc.
- Quite a fresh tool in the market, it will probably need some time to mature and release a really stable version.
- There is no built-in UI.
RN Image Picker
- Mature, popular, and maintained with a strong community.
- Simple to install and use.
- Can be used to pick already taken photos from the device.
- Can take a photo or even record video.
- Has a bunch of helpful props like max width, max height, media type, video quality, and duration limit.
- Only semi-good documentation.
- Limited possibilities for taking photos and recording video (but of course it's not the main purpose of this library).
Which RN camera library should you use?
For a simple app that will only use the camera to take a photo for a user avatar or record a short movie using default settings, the react-native-camera will be more than enough.
If you are building an app where the camera plays a bigger role and you need to get the most out of it, then go with react-native-vision-camera.
To select already taken photos that are stored in the phone's gallery, use the react-native-image-picker.
A strong point for react-native-vision-camera is the fact that react-native-camera is looking for maintainers, this will possibly make RN Vision Camera the default choice when it comes to a camera library for RN.
RN Vision Camera - implementation example (tutorial)
Below is an example of using the RN Vision Camera with basic tools to take a picture.
import React, { useRef, useState } from'react';
import { StyleSheet, Alert } from'react-native';
import { Camera, useCameraDevices } from'react-native-vision-camera';
import BottomButtons from './components/BottomButtons/BottomButtons';
import ImagePreview from './components/ImagePreview/ImagePreview';
import TopButtons from './components/TopButtons/TopButtons';
function App() {
 const camera = useRef(null);
 const [previewImage, setPreviewImage] = useState(null);
 const [showPreview, setShowPreview] = useState(false);
 const [torchActive, setTorchActive] = useState(false);
 const [frontCamera, setFrontCamera] = useState(false);
 /* Here we use hook provided by library to take available devices (lenses) */
 const availableDevices = useCameraDevices();
 /* useCameraDevices hook returns an object with front/back properties,
 that you can use to switch between back and front camera */
 const currentDevice =
 frontCamera && availableDevices?.front? availableDevices.front : availableDevices?.back;
 const takePhoto = async () => {
 try {
 const result = await camera.current?.takePhoto();
 if (result?.path) setPreviewImage(result.path);
 } catch (e) {
 Alert.alert('Error: ${e}');
 const flipCamera = () => setFrontCamera((prevState) =>!prevState);
 const toggleTorch = () => setTorchActive((prevState) =>!prevState);
 /* There is an additional check to prevent errors.
 Camera component needs a valid device prop,
 we need to stop rendering if the device is falsy value. */
 if (!currentDevice) return null;
 if (previewImage && showPreview) {
 return setShowPreview(false)} />;
} return (
torch={torchActive? 'on' : 'off'}
showPreview={() => setShowPreview(true)}
); } export default App;
Is it hard to create a UI in RN Vision Camera?
As we can see, not that much effort is needed to create a well-known standard camera UI in your app. With a minimal amount of code we have added the following buttons on the screen:
- Capture (center)
- Preview latest photo (left)
- Switch to front camera and vice versa (right)
- Flash (top-right)
This is only a small piece of the functionality that RN Vision Camera offers. There are a lot more options that can be used like zooming, recording, switching to wide-angle and telephoto lens, selecting photo/video format, setting video frame rate, and more.
React Native Vision Camera – my opinion
RN Vision Camera is really impressive when it comes to the possibilities it offers.
I can recommend it if you are looking for a functional camera library to use in your application.
This will be my choice for the camera library in my next project.
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Dawid Przydróżny
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There seems to be quite an amount of confusion over whether or not it's necessary to follow the manuals and fill up with 87 gasolene even at an elevation where 86 and 85 petrol is being sold as Regular.
When the discussion comes to whether there's any benefit to use Midgrade/Plus 89 or Premium/Supreme 91 in place of Regular 87, when the car manufacturer specifies 87, the consensus is that going with the higher graded fuel is simply a waste of money in most circumstances.
However, when it comes to 85 and 86, the picture is not as clear cut. Some claim that there was a major benefit of 85/86 many decades ago, whereas modern cars don't get any actual benefit. Others claim that it's actually detrimental for modern cars to not have the spec'ed 87 — the computer could still adjust, but you're going to lose fuel economy and power in the end.
What's going on?
As a starting point, this is what I found in regards to 85 vs. 87 in Colorado:
Research several years ago from the American Petroleum Institute showed that lower air pressure at higher altitudes allows vehicles to perform as well with 85 octane as they would with 87 at lower altitudes.
But a 2001 study by the Colorado Legislative Council, the state legislature's research arm, concluded that the altitude difference may apply only to older cars.
"Research findings indicate that newer vehicles manufactured in and after 1984 are equipped with sophisticated electronic control systems that minimize this altitude effect and may perform better using higher-octane gasolines," the report said.
I couldn't find the original report, but, frankly, after going back to the 87 and 89 debate, isn't the whole and only reason to use 89 is that it provides "more power"?! Is such loss of power with the use of 85 the only consequence that they've found?
However, this is what _URL_ says, although no specific sources are cited for the very claim w/r/t/ the effects of the elevation:
The sale of 85 octane fuel was originally allowed in high-elevation regions—where the barometric pressure is lower—because it was cheaper and because most carbureted engines tolerated it fairly well. This is not true for modern gasoline engines. So, unless you have an older vehicle with a carbureted engine, you should use the manufacturer-recommended fuel for your vehicle, even where 85 octane fuel is available.
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A definite description is an expression beginning with the word 'the' and intended to refer to a single entity. Examples are 'the book on that table', 'the Dalai Lama', 'the positive square root of two', and 'the Man in the Moon'. In Gottlob Frege's system of logic these were regarded as singular referring expressions, akin to proper names like 'Venus', 'Mount Everest', or 'Madame de Pompadour'. Bertrand Russell showed in his 1905 paper 'On Denoting' that this analysis was untenable: they need to be regarded as complex components of the proposition they're part of. They are quantified expressions, with 'the table' acting like 'all tables' or'some tables'.
Russell's analysis is still regarded as correct for at least some definite descriptions, and modern debate has been about whether there are any that actually do behave as referential devices.
Problems with a referential analysis
Problems with treating them as references include what happens with nonexistence and substitution. There is no present King of France, so how do we assess 'The present King of France is bald'? True, false, or indeterminate? It clearly means something: the meaning is quite straightforward; so the denotation, or what it refers to out there in the world, is not in this case determined by the meaning. Many people feel this is neither true nor false; but you can make a clearly true statement about a non-existent referent: 'The Tooth Fairy does not exist'. Meinong got around nonexistence by saying that they subsist, i.e. sort of exist for talking about but sort of don't exist, thus giving rise to Meinong's jungle.
One problem of substitution is that 'The Morning Star is the Evening Star' is informative in a way that 'The Morning Star is the Morning Star' is not. Another is that intensional contexts (after verbs of saying or thinking) are opaque to substitution: 'Arnold believes the Morning Star is visible only in the morning' does not have the same truth value as the sentence formed by substituting another name, 'the Evening Star', for the same referent. (Although in a de re sense he does believe this too, but this is not what we would normally say.)
Russell's analysis
In 'On Denoting', and later formalized in Principia Mathematica, Russell said that definite descriptions contain both an existential and an implicational claim. In saying 'the X has property P' we are saying that there is one and only one thing that satisfies description X, and if anything satisfies description X then it has property P. So there is one present King of France, and there is no more than one present King of France, and whoever is present King of France is bald. This is a conjunction: it is false if any of its parts is false, and since there is no present King of France, it follows that 'The present King of France is bald' is false in Russellian terms (rather than indeterminate).
Under this analysis there is nothing in the logical structure that corresponds to 'the X': the grammar has been distributed across several logical components.
There are at least three things Russell avoided talking about: plurals, anaphors, and incompletely specified or abbreviated descriptions. With plurals, surely a description that picks out exactly two or five individuals is amenable to the same treatment as for one; while those like 'the citizens of Mongolia' that pick out some unspecified number might need to be treated as universal quantifications. Anaphora is when a word doesn't have a reference of its own but picks it up from a previous mention: typically pronouns like'she' or 'herself', but it is possible to use definite nouns anaphorically: 'I told John I was an astronaut and the fool believed me.' And there is a uniqueness problem in in
Criticisms and refinements
P.F. Strawson picked up on the incomplete descriptions: we routinely say 'the book' and 'the table', and on a literal reading of Russell's theory these should imply there is only one book and one table in the world. In fact of course the context of the utterance makes clear that the uniqueness claimed is within a delimited domain. Strawson also thought Russell had the wrong intuition about non-existents: 'The present King of France is bald' is not false, but fails to work because the presupposition it contains is not met.
Strawson distinguished between the sentence and its use, the utterance of it being a speaker's act of using the sentence to make a claim. Throughout the history of France people have been able to speak about 'the present King of France', sometimes making true statements about Louis XIV, or false statements about Louis XV; it is not the sentence itself that contains the reference or the truth conditions, but the occasion of a particular utterance of it. Uttered at a certain time, it may successfully refer to Louis XV, but at other times the presupposition that there is such a king will fail.
Keith Donnellan drew a distinction between referential and attributive uses of definite descriptions. He said that sometimes a description was just used as a way of picking out a particular individual, and its precise content was not essential to the truth or reference of the utterance. He contrasted this referential use with an attributive one, where we are using the contents of the description as essential, and saying that whatever satisfies that attribute is the thing we mean.
One of his examples was 'the man drinking a martini'. You can point someone out at a party, making clear who you mean by indicating the one with a drink in a martini glass. You mean him, a certain man with a certain name: and if it turns out he's only got mineral water in his martini glass, you still meant him, not someone else. If unbeknownst to you another man is actually drinking a martini, you certainly didn't mean that other man. So in this case 'the man drinking a martini' refers to an individual. But if at a temperance society meeting it is rumoured that someone was seen drinking a martini, the chairperson might ask for the man drinking a martini to stand up and confess: they don't know in this case who the person was, or even if there is one, but they mean anyone who fits that attribute.
Saul Kripke criticizes this distinction, saying that it belongs to pragmatics, the way we understand what speakers mean in particular circumstances. At the party, 'the man drinking a martini' does not mean the teetotaller Smith, even though the speaker intended to refer to Smith, and is probably understood as referring to Smith. He points out that you need a pragmatic explanation of misdescription for proper names anyway. Suppose you see Smith raking up the leaves, but you mistake him for Jones, and say 'Jones is raking up the leaves'. You have referred to Smith by calling him 'Jones', and a hearer would probably understand you as doing so, depending on the context. So there is a semantic reference to one individual, and a speaker's reference to another. It is then unnecessary to posit a systematic ambiguity in the word 'the'.
See my essay 'Logic and Pragmatics of Attributive and Referential' for a lot more detailed discussion of this.
Russell, B. 1905. 'On Denoting', in Mind 14.
Strawson, P.F. 1950. 'On Referring', in Mind 59.
Donnellan, K. 1966. 'Reference and Definite Descriptions', in Philosophical Review 75.
Kripke, S. 1979. 'Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference', in French et al. (eds), Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language.
All the above and many other important readings are collected in:
Ostertag, G. (ed.) 1998. Definite Descriptions: A Reader, MIT.


text:
How was your experience with Glycerol?
Uses of Glycerol
Glycerol is used in the treatment of:
Glycerol is used in the prevention of:
This medication may be prescribed for other uses. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Glycerol Brand Names
Glycerol may be found in some form under the following brand names:
Glycerol Drug Class
This is not a complete list of Glyceroldrug interactions. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Glycerol and Pregnancy
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
The FDA categorizes medications based on safety for use during pregnancy. Five categories - A, B, C, D, and X, are used to classify the possible risks to an unborn baby when a medication is taken during pregnancy.
Glycerin falls into category C:
In animal studies, pregnant animals were given this medication and had some babies born with problems. No well-controlled studies have been done in humans, though. Therefore, this medication may be used if the potential benefits to the mother outweigh the potential risks to the unborn child.
There are no well-controlled studies that have been done in pregnant women. Glycerin should be used during pregnancy only if the possible benefit outweighs the possible risk to the unborn baby.
No studies have been done in animals, and no well-controlled studies have been done in pregnant women. Glycerin should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Take glycerol exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully.
The Glycerol dose your doctor recommends will be based on the following (use any or all that apply):
- the condition being treated
- other medical conditions you have
- other medications you are taking
- how you respond to this medication
- your weight
- your height
- your age
- your gender
Glycerol is available in the following doses:
- Glycerin 50% Oral Solution
- Glycerin Adult Rectal Suppository
- Glycerin Compounding Liquid
- Glycerin Infant Rectal Enema
- Glycerin Infant Rectal Suppository
- Glycerin Maximum Strength Rectal Suppository
- Glycerin Ophthalmic Ophthalmic Solution
- Glycerin Otic 5%-95% Otic Solution
- Glycerin Pediatric Rectal Suppository
- Glycerin Topical 3%-0.75% Irrigation Solution
- Glycerin Topical 3%-0.75% Nasal Spray
- Glycerin-phenol Topical Mucous Membrane Solution
- Glycerin-witch Hazel Topical 50% Topical Gel
- Glycerin-witch Hazel Topical 50% Topical Pad
- Naphazoline Ophthalmic 0.012% With Glycerin Ophthalmic Solution
- Parenteral Nutrition Solution W/electrolytes Amino Acids 3% And Glycerin 3% With Electrolytes (procalamine) Intravenous Solution
- Pramoxine Topical 12%-1% Topical Pad
Forms of Medication
Glycerol is available in the following forms:
- Injectable Solution
- Injectable Suspension
- Irrigation Solution
- Medicated Bar Soap
- Mucosal Spray
- Mucous Membrane Topical Solution
- Nasal Solution
- Ophthalmic Gel
- Ophthalmic Solution
- Oral Gel
- Oral Solution
- Oral Spray
- Otic Solution
- Rectal Cream
- Rectal Suppository
- Topical Cream
- Topical Gel
- Topical Lotion
- Topical Ointment
- Topical Solution
- Topical Spray


text:
Gamification Design for Teaching Numeracy to Slow Learners
Nur Rahmah Zulkifli1, Nor Azan Mat Zin2, Rosadah Abd Majid3
1Nur Rahmah Zulkifli, Department of Kulliyyah Management Sciences, University Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia.
2Nor Azan Mat Zin, Department of Information Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Rosadah Abd Majid, Department of Education, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor.
Manuscript received on 05 June 2019 | Revised Manuscript received on 12 June 2019 | Manuscript Published on 19 June 2019 | PP: 215-220 | Volume-8 Issue-8S June 2019 | Retrieval Number: H10350688S19/19©BEIESP
Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (_URL_
Abstract: Slow learners in school are students who have difficulty in learning due of their limited cognitive abilities. Most of these students have difficulty in literacy and numeracy. There is an existing debate on how to motivate them to learn and become literate. This paper discusses the use of gamification approach in the development of an application for delivering numeracy content to slow learners in primary schools to motivate them to learn numeracy and improve their numeracy understanding in a fun and enjoyable manner. The NUMERATica application is designed using digital game-based learning instructional design (DGBL-ID) method. The development starts with requirements gathering from users and stakeholders, followed by interface and content design, development, and evaluation of the prototype. The application consists of three modules; learning, play and exercise module. Gamification is applied in each module to increase user motivation and engagement. This application can help motivate learning and promote understanding of numeracy for slow learners and gamification approach may help students with special needs and thus can help decrease the number of students in remedial classes.
Keywords: Gamification, Games, Numeracy, Primary school, Remedial students, Slow learner.
Scope of the Article: Computer Science and Its Applications


text:
Dual Purpose Cutting Head
This coke-cutting procedure involves the use of a combination coke-cutting/drilling tool made by Pacific Pumps (Dresser Industries), as shown in Figure 2-12. This cutting head is currently in use in a large minority of U.S. cokers. The Worthington dual-purpose cutting head was found to be impractical and is no longer available.
The head permits switching from the pilot bit mode to the cutting mode, using the same head. Switching is a five-minute manual operation.
The tool design has jet nozzles that create a tighter stream of water that maintains its energy at the wall of large-diameter coke drums. The nozzle concentrates the power from the jet pump and provides a sharper hydraulic jet of water to more effectively cut the coke.
One operator reported that the combination head reduced the cutting time (time from completion of pilot drilling to the time the jet pump is stopped) from 2.5 hours using another bit design, to about 1.6 hours with the combination bit.
When cutting soft, fuel-grade coke or shot coke from a large-diameter drum, and utilizing a high-discharge-pressure jet pump, the main impediment to rapid coke cutting is coke cave-in which can bind the drill stem.
The following drilling and cutting procedure is designed to be used with the combination cutting head to help reduce the cave-in problem and increase the speed with which the coke can be removed from the drum:
- Drill the pilot hole while gradually lowering the stem at a rate of approximately 10 ft/min. A maximum drill stem rotational speed of 15-20 rpm is recommended to create a pilot hole diameter of about 2.5 ft at the top of the coke bed. Do not cut coke out of the bottom cone.
- After the pilot hole is completed, stop the drilling unit and oil the pneumatic motor.
- Withdraw the drill stem with the flow of cutting water stopped. Remember that the top 5-10 ft of the coke bed is like sand and can easily collapse, jamming the drill stem. This can be prevented by careful removal of the stem and by avoiding undercutting the soft coke layer. Undercutting can be prevented by carefully enlarging the pilot hole by running the cutting head down again.
- Switch the combination cutting tool from the pilot drilling mode to the cutting mode by applying air pressure to a fitting on the combination tool and observing the position of a 1 -in. steel pin (refer to manufacturer's instructions).
- Open a 3- or 4-in. water connection located under the drum-relief valve to allow quench water to suppress the evolution of steam from the top head of the drum. This will improve the operator's visibility when the tool mode is switched.
- Adjust the drill stem motor to rotate at a rate of 8-10 rpm and begin coke cutting.
- As cutting progresses, observe the size of the coke lumps leaving the drum. Control the vertical speed of the drill stem so that the lumps leaving the drum are about fist size. Increase the vertical speed if the lump size increases, and decrease the speed if the lumps get smaller. Controlling the lump size is important to avoid cave-ins that result in bottom-head plugging.
- The first pass of the cutting head should enlarge the pilot hole to 4-5 ft in diameter at the top of the coke bed (with water flowing on both the downstroke and the upstroke).
- Make two more passes with the drill stem turning at 8-10 rpm. After the third pass, the level of coke in the drum will be reduced by about 20 ft. This means that, to save time, the cutting head should not be raised to the original starting point after each pass. Gauging the residual level of coke in the drum can be done by observing the evolution of steam from the top head. If no coke is being cut and no coke is falling through the drum, steam evolution will increase. Experienced operators can also note the sound of water striking the metal sides of the drum, indicating coke has been removed from that level in the drum.
- The fourth and subsequent passes should be made with the drill stem readjusted to rotate at 6-8 rpm. Reducing the head rotation speed keeps the tangential velocity of the water jet at the coke interface at a relatively constant value as the coke wall approaches the drum wall.
- In a typical operation, four to six more passes will be required to fully remove the remaining coke. Each of these remaining passes will take about 10-12 minutes.
- After the last cutting pass, a tough ring of coke, several feet high and several feet above the bottom of the drum, will adhere to the drum wall. This can be removed using the high-energy jets of the combination tool. This generally takes only a few minutes. With other head types, this layer has to be removed by grinding.
The procedure depends on a good source of clarified water supply to the cutting head and frequent inspection of the cutting nozzles for wear.
The procedure will reduce cutting time for large coke drums making primarily fuel-grade coke. Field experience indicates that the procedure can decoke drums containing up to 1,000 tons of green coke in about two hours.
Categories: Process Troubleshooting | Tags: coke-cutting | Leave a comment


text:
Several oral history collections at the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History pertain to various aspects of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. Topics range from interviews about life under segregation and the desegregation of education to interviews with prominent civil rights activists. These collections explore the collective struggle to end legal segregation as well as discuss individual acts of resistance that normally, without oral history, would not make it into the historical record.
You can browse specific oral history subjects below or click on the Collections tab and browse collections related to the Civil Rights Movement. This guide is also searchable.
The Nunn Center
The Robert Penn Warren Civil Rights Oral History Project is a collection of interviews concerning the Civil Rights movement and the socioeconomic, cultural, and political struggles of African Americans. Conducted in 1964 by Kentucky native, author, and first poet laureate of the United States, Robert Penn Warren, these interviews constituted part of Warren's research for his book, Who Speaks for the Negro?


What is the difference between an AUV and an ROV?
An AUV operates independently from the ship and has no connecting cables, whereas ROVs are connected to an operator on the ship.
VIDEO: What's the difference between an AUV and an ROV? Here's what you need to know in one minute. Transcript
AUV stands for autonomous underwater vehicle and is commonly known as uncrewed underwater vehicle. AUVs can be used for underwater survey missions such as detecting and mapping submerged wrecks, rocks, and obstructions that can be a hazard to navigation for commercial and recreational vessels.
An AUV conducts its survey mission without operator intervention. When a mission is complete, the AUV will return to a pre-programmed location where the data can be downloaded and processed.
A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is an unoccupied underwater robot that is connected to a ship by a series of cables. These cables transmit command and control signals between the operator and the ROV, allowing remote navigation of the vehicle. An ROV may include a video camera, lights, sonar systems, and an articulating arm. The articulating arm is used for retrieving small objects, cutting lines, or attaching lifting hooks to larger objects.
While there are many uses for ROVs, some of the most common hydrographic applications include object identification (for submerged navigation hazards) and vessel hull inspections. An ROV is not intended to be a replacement for hydrographic diver investigations, but could serve as a substitute if divers are not available or diver safety is in question.
Video Transcript
Here are two uncrewed ocean explorers. Can you spot the difference between the two? One, an AUV or Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, explores ocean depths without any attached cables. Researchers drop an AUV in the ocean pick it up at a pre-selected position. Like an AUV, a Remotely Operated Vehicle is unmanned. The difference is that an ROV is connected to a ship by cables. A person on the ship "drives" it around. ROVs are often used when diving by humans is either impractical or dangerous, such as working in deep water or investigating submerged hazards. ROVs and AUVs carry equipment like video cameras, lights, robotic arms to grab things. By going where humans can't go, these underwater robots help us safely study the ocean.
Error processing SSI file


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From: _EMAIL_ (Michael Current)
Subject: Boolean Logic in BASIC
Posted-By: xx004 (aa700 - Michael Current)
Reply-To: _EMAIL_ (Michael Current)
Date: Tue Jan 28 22:39:37 1992
 Boolean Logic in BASIC
Boolean logic is a very useful, but
often unused, function of most
BASIC languages. Boolean logic is
a true/false comparison operation.
Because it only returns a true or
false value, it returns a 1 or a 0.
If you enter PRINT 1=1 the computer
will print "1" on the screen. Why?
Because 1=1 is a true statement.
The value 1 does equal the value 1.
A true statement is identified by
a 1. If you enter PRINT 2=3 the
computer will print a "0" on the
screen. This is becase 2=3 is NOT
a true statement. A false
comparison will return a value of
You can also make variable
assignments with boolean logic. If
you say A=1=1 then A=1 because 1=1
would return a 1. A short table
might be helpful at this point:
Statement Result
A=1=1 A=1
A=1=2 A=0
A=2=1 A=0
A=2=2 A=1
This alone is useful in programming
but we are allowed to use even more
complex boolean logic. Right now
we can say A=B=C. But what about
A=B=C=D? Or A=B=C=D=E? How does
that work? DOES it work? The
answer is yes, it does work.
Long boolean operations such as
this can be confusing unless you
break it down. So that is what we
will do. A=B=C=D is the same as
A=B=(C=D). Lets try a few:
B=1, C=1, D=0: A=1=(1=0) so
 A=1=(0) so A=1=0 so A=0
B=0, C=0, D=0: A=0=(0=0) so
 A=0=(1) so A=0=1 so A=0
B=0, C=0, D=1: A=0=(0=1) so
 A=0=(0) so A=0=0 so A=1
It is really simple. Just evaluate
the comparison within the
paranthesese first, just like a
normal problem. In the last
example, the comparison in the
parans is (0=1). This is a false
statement so we can put a 0 in the
place of the parans. Still quite
easy, right?
Now how about A=B=C=D=E? Getting a
bit more complex here. What this
amounts to is A=B=(C=(D=E)). Let's
try a few:
B=1, C=0, D=1, E=0: A=1=(0=(1=0))so
 A=1=(0=0) so A=1=(1) so A=1=1 so
B=0, C=1, D=0, E=1: A=0=(1=(0=1))so
 A=0=(1=0) so A=0=(0) so A=0=0 so
As you can see, it is a little more
complex but the idea is the same.
Just do the parans first and then
work out to the next set of parans.
Again, just like normal math
operations: Parans come first.
So it is very simple:
Statement Equivalent To
A=B=C=D A=B=(C=D)
A=B=C=D=E A=B=(C=(D=E))
A=B=C=D=E=F A=B=(C=(D=(E=F)))
A=B=C=D=E=F=G A=B=(C=(D=(E=(F=G))))
I think you can see the pattern
It should be noted that while
simple boolean logic like A=B=C is
useful, complex boolean logic like
A=B=C=D=E=F is really too complex
to be useful in a real programming
enviroment. In most cases there
would be an easier, more memory
efficient way to accomplish the
same thing. But knowing how to use
boolean logic will be very useful.
Once you have completely mastered
it you will find yourself using it
 --Craig Steiner
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text:
Dilithium, also known as radan, was an element, a member of the hypersonic series, mostly occurring as crystalline mineral. It was used to power the warp drive systems of many starships. Dilithium regulated the matter/antimatter reaction in a ship's warp core because of its ability to be rendered porous to light-element antimatter when exposed to high temperatures and electro-magnetic pressures. It controls the amount of power generated in the reaction chamber, channeling the energy released by mutual annihilation into a stream of electro-plasma.
Under certain rare circumstances, dilithium deposits could form in such a way that the crystals grow into perfectly aligned lattices. If enough dilithium is present, it begins to form "generator strata". A piezoelectric effect occurred when the crystals took the radiant heat of the planet and converted it into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy could increase tectonic stresses in a planet's crust to the point where the planet literally tears itself apart. This phenomenon was responsible for the destruction of a number of planets in the Selcundi Drema sector.
One method of detecting the potential presence of dilithium deposits during a geological survey was by studying UV absorption patterns. Certain characteristic patterns tended to indicate the presence of traker deposits, which were commonly formed along with the dilithium ore. An ico-spectrogram could then be run to confirm the ore's presence. (TNG: "Pen Pals")
Dilithium could be found on only a few planets in the galaxy, and was therefore a rare and valuable substance. On Troyius, where dilithium was known as radan, it had a variety of different uses, including jewelry. (TOS: "Elaan of Troyius") In 2267, the Federation attempted to open negotiations with the Halkans to allow the Federation to mine dilithium from their planet, but they refused out of fear that the Federation would one day use their materials for acts of violence. (TOS: "Mirror, Mirror")
While the early Earth starships of the NX-class utilized a dilithium matrix in their warp core, (ENT: "Affliction") Constitution-class starships used crystallized lithium until the mid-2260s, before switching to dilithium. Housed in a dilithium crystal converter assembly, the crystals were used as a power source as well as a regulator. Dependency on that power meant the starships risked losing the ability to maintain an orbit, let alone use of their warp drive, when a number of dilithium crystals were drained of their power or became fused in their assembly. In some circumstances, crystals could be re-amplified to provide continued service, rather than replaced. (TOS: "Mudd's Women", "The Alternative Factor", "Elaan of Troyius")
One of the reasons why dilithium was so valuable before the late 23rd century was because dilithium gradually decrystalizes during use, and there existed no practical means of inducing recrystallization. However, during a time travel mission to 1986, Spock and Scotty developed a method of recrystallizing dilithium through exposure to gamma radiation.
By the 2360s, it was possible to recrystallize dilithium while it was still enclosed in the warp core's dilithium articulation frame using a theta-matrix compositor. (Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home; TNG: "Relics"; VOY: "Innocence")
Dozaria was rich in dilithium, which attracted the Breen to the planet. In 2366, they forced the Ravinok to crash on the planet and put the survivors to work in the dilithium mine. (DS9: "Indiscretion")
In 2372, the USS Voyager discovered a new form of dilithium in the Delta Quadrant that remained stable at much higher reaction rates, allowing a vessel to travel more efficiently at much higher speeds. This dilithium was installed aboard the shuttlecraft Cochrane to test an experimental warp 10 flight. (VOY: "Threshold")
Dukat and Damar were able to trick Captain K'Temang into believing the Groumall was carrying refined dilithium crystals by modifying the Cardassian freighter's subspace transceiver array to emit a false dilithium signal. (DS9: "Return to Grace")
Lyndsay Ballard said that dilithium extraction was always one of B'Elanna Torres' specialties. (VOY: "Ashes to Ashes") Torres helped Neelix prepare for a mining operation by giving him material to study on dilithium geophysics. (VOY: "Phage")
Mentioned dilithium sources Edit
- Coridan (ENT: "Shadows of P'Jem"; TOS: "Journey to Babel"; DS9: "One Little Ship")
- Dozaria (DS9: "Indiscretion")
- Elas (TOS: "Elaan of Troyius")
- Halkan homeworld (TOS: "Mirror, Mirror")
- Remus (Star Trek Nemesis)
- Rura Penthe (Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country)
- Selcundi Drema sector (TNG: "Pen Pals")
- Troyius (TOS: "Elaan of Troyius")
|Elements:||Kryptonite • Stoogeium • Stoogeian • Purseronite • Princessium • Tngonian • Estonianium • Dilithium • Curly • Poi|
|Other series:||Gamma series • Omega series • World series • Transonic series • Mega series|
See also Edit
Background information Edit
Scientifically, use of the prefix "di-" denotes two atoms, suggesting dilithium consists of two atoms of lithium. However, lithium, being a metal, should not be able to exist in this state, as metals cannot form diatomic molecules. "Real" dilithium (two lithium atoms in a covalent bond) is only currently known to exist as a gas.
According to Star Trek Encyclopedia, originally, lithium was said to be used to control the warp reaction, but it was quickly realized that since lithium was a real element, with known properties, it would not be able to do some of the things the writers wanted it to do.
Star Trek Online introduced dilithium as a currency in its fifth season, "Call to Arms".


text:
The SPECTROMAXx stationary metal analyzer is used mainly for material testing in foundries and for incoming and outgoing inspections in the metal industry around the world. It determines all of the elements used in the metal industry, including trace analysis of carbon, phosphorous, sulfur, and nitrogen.
The third generation of the SPECTROMAXx features improved operation with the use of toolbar buttons, a user management system, and separation of operation from the instrument.
The measurement is no longer controlled through the menu, but with symbols and toolbar buttons. Once a procedure has been started, only the functions that are logical at that point in time are active in the control software – all other commands are hidden.
With the new application profiles, customer-specific information can be set before beginning operation, relieving laboratory technicians of administrative activities.
The SPECTROMAXx independently monitors all operating parameters. It dynamically determines the measurement time required based on the given sample properties and even shows when the spark stand needs to be cleaned depending on the type of samples being examined.
- Metal manufacturing
- Metal processing
- Analysis of precious metals
- Detection and Analysis of Inclusions
- Uncompromising; developed for high-analytical performance and low operating costs with minimal maintenance requirements
- Precise excitation with a complete digital plasma generator
- A robust special optic with a high-performance readout system
- Records the complete spectrum in the available wavelength range
- Small part adapter with ready to analyze calibrations
- zero consumption during long work breaks
- Diagnosis system with innovative visualization functions