Training's Impact on Mental Performance
Training's Impact on Mental Performance
Cycling training doesn't just fatigue your legs — it can also tire out your brain. Knowing the impact that training has on subsequent mental awareness can help you anticipate the cognitive demands of training and racing.
Mental Energy and Training
It might not always be apparent, but training actually demands a lot from your brain. Any time you're pushing the pedals, you're also managing the internal and external workloads that come with it. This management takes a toll on your mind and can ultimately affect how sharp you feel before and after exercise.
In part, this happens because your brain uses fuel for energy, just like the rest of your system. During a race or a training ride, your brain will use its resources and can grow fatigued. When mental fatigue increases, you may experience an increase in the rate of perceived exertion or that your internal management system isn't as sharp.
Not all rides are equally taxing, and some workouts will be tougher on your mind than others. In general, though, the higher the intensity and the more challenging the internal and external variables, the more tired you'll probably feel. Uncomfortable and stressful aspects of training are obvious examples of things that demand cognitive resources. Simply put, internal feelings (muscle pain, physical discomfort, self-doubt) and external variables (hot riding conditions, avoiding obstacles, and riding in a group) take up processing power on the road.
Training Takes a Toll on the Mind
The relationship between cognition and exercise performance is demonstrated in a number of studies. One study, in particular, shows that your cognitive load during a workout does have an effect on physical performance. To conduct this study, this research group used a group of athletes pedaling at 60% of their threshold while completing cognitive tasks, a group pedaling at the same rate while watching a movie, and a group doing the same without any stimulus. The results showed that the group completing cognitive tasks while training experienced a higher heart rate, perceived rate of exertion, and markers of stress as the workout progressed.
Because your cognitive load going into a workout can influence how you feel during your workout, this effect is relevant for all athletes. For example, if you do a threshold workout immediately after a demanding day at work, you may notice that the rate of perceived exertion is higher than it normally is. The same can happen when the order is reversed. If you did a tough workout in the morning before work, you might find that your focus is less sharp during the day.
Mental energy is key to staying motivated and feeling good during your challenging workouts. Similarly, life's commitments may not always afford you the leeway to be mentally drained during the day. Luckily, you have more control over your brain's performance than it may seem. You can assist your cognitive functions with proper nutrition and hydration. Additionally, because not all workouts are draining, you can use timing to mitigate training's impact on your day-to-day life.
Hydration and Fueling
Like your muscles, your brain needs plenty of fuel. Ensuring that you're well-hydrated and getting plenty of fuel throughout the day (this includes before, during, and after your training sessions) is a proactive way to help your brain during training.
Dehydration degrades cognitive performance. This can be especially apparent indoors where you have insufficient cooling and lack of airflow. The best prevention is to stay on top of your hydration before, during, and after training.
The same goes for fuel. Your brain uses glucose, depleting liver glycogen and blood glucose to fuel cognitive tasks. This is why one symptom of the dreaded bonk is confusion. You can help stay on top of your brain's demand for fuel by giving your nutrition and fueling the extra attention it needs.
Timing Your Workouts
While hydrating and fueling mitigate training's effect on cognitive function, it doesn't eliminate mental fatigue entirely. In fact, when you know that you have a mentally taxing event or a day on the calendar, you might want to adjust your training schedule proactively.
For example, if Wednesdays are stressful personal days, put your recovery ride on Wednesday and your interval workout on Thursday or Friday instead. Moving the challenging workouts onto low-stress days can be enough to preserve the important tasks in your day without missing any of the workouts in your training plan.
Improvements and Positive Effects
With time your ability to manage cognitive load during training may improve. In a study conducted with elite-level athletes, the subjects demonstrated that they were better at resisting mental fatigue through narrow focus. Essentially, the professional cyclists were better at filtering out noise and irrelevant external and internal information to save mental energy. As was noted earlier, endurance competitions and workouts require inhibition of some feelings (muscle pain, heat, stress, and the urge to quit.) As you get better at filtering out these adverse feelings, it will help your brain.
In other good news, training's tax on your brain comes with its own set of benefits. Research suggests that exercise modulates genes that can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain. These structural improvements are shown to lead to improvements in both cognitive and emotional well-being.
Training isn't always detrimental to focus, either. Anecdotally, some athletes find that after training, their focus actually increases. This study demonstrated that lower intensity workouts can actually result in increased acute cognitive performance. So, there is a line where exercise improves cognitive performance instead of hurting it.
Working Around Mental Fatigue
All in all, some mental fatigue is unavoidable. After a hard race, a high-intensity workout, or a demanding group ride, you just might not feel as sharp as you did before training. What you can do is continue to nourish yourself, hydrate, get plenty of rest, and listen to your body's signals. If your brain is too tired for VO2-Max intervals, that's reason enough to swap your intervals for a recovery session instead. Similarly, when you know you have an unavoidable stressful day coming up, you can move your challenging workouts accordingly. It takes time to find out where your threshold lies, but it's another way to ensure that your training remains a rewarding process.
References and Further Reading
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China to get world's first man-made moon by 2020
China to launch world's first artificial moon
China is aiming towards a unique accomplishment in the field of space technology. Chinese space industry is planning to launch its own artificial moon to light up the night sky. Expected to launch in 2020, the world's first man-made moon will replace street lights in urban areas and will save millions of dollars annually. The artificial moon basically will be an illumination satellite which will be put into orbit above Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province. Adorned with a reflective coating, the man-made moon will deflect sunlight back to Earth similarly to moon.
China to launch world's first artificial moon
As per predictions, the artificial moon will be eight times brighter than our original moon as its planned orbit is only 500 kilometers above Earth much less than moon's distance from the Earth. However, its brightness will be only one-fifth of the standard streetlights. The mirrors of this fake moon can be adjusted for radiance, and if required can be completely turned off.
China to launch world's first man-made moon
Designed to conserve energy, the artificial moon is expected to save about 1.2 billion yuan ($174 million) a year in electricity when illuminating an urban area of 50 sq km. Besides that, the satellite can be used in disaster zones during blackouts. According to Wu Chunfeng, head of Tian Fu New Area Science Society in Chengdu, the launch of the world's first artificial moon will be mostly experimental. However, if it turns out to be successful three more such satellites will be launched in 2022.
The artificial moon project was announced on October 10 by Wu Chunfeng at an innovation and entrepreneurship conference in Chengdu.
Via: Chinadaily
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Sunil Chandel


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The Rhetoric of Art and Commerce
A guide to resources for PWR 2JP: The Rhetoric of Art and Commerce. Course topics include: how consumer culture influences the work of the artist-and vice versa; how art and a market economy overlap; aesthetics, communication, sex, violence, and selling out. This research guide broadly covers the research process from researching refernce materials for broad subject reading to database searching for articles.
Listed below are Library of Congress subject terms, which search only the subject field(s) of the Searchworks catalogue. You can refine your results by using the limiting facets with the left frame. Narrow by SUL (Stanford University Libraries) location, publication year, language, etc.
- Advertising - Psychological Aspects
- Art (Media OR Consumer OR Advertising OR Marketing)/Social Sciences
- Body Language
- Commerce United States
- Consumer Behavior
- Consumption Economics
- Discourse Analysis
- Internet Marketing
- Nonverbal Communication
- Popular Culture
- Persuasion (Psychology)
- Persuasive Communication

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The "reconstruction" of traffic accidents has traditionally involved relatively simple momentum and energy based calculations using evidence of vehicle collision and post-impact travel. This evidence is used to estimate the "initial conditions" present at the beginning of the accident sequence. Those lacking training, knowledge, or ethical restraint may often employ faulty data in developing an unproven "model" or opinion regarding how the accident happened. The scientific method requires a logical application of the laws of physics to the careful examination of evidence, thus arriving at a hypothetical model of how the collision occurred. Yet the scientific method has not been fully satisfied until that model has been tested.
Actual testing of an accident model by the controlled crashing testing of vehicles is seldom practical. However, the reconstruction model of the accident can often be tested and refined through the use of computer simulations. Not every accident can be effectively modeled by computer simulation, due to both program and evidence limitations. However, if an accident reconstructionist has not tested his hypothetical model, he has not fully satisfied the requirements of the scientific method.


how much is a food dehydrator Signs and Symptoms of Tannin Allergy
by：IKE 2019-06-13
Depending on the severity of Danic acid allergy, symptoms may vary from mild headache to lifeThreats like breathing problemsThis healthy article lists some common symptoms of Danic acid allergy.
The astringency of tea, red wine, and even fruits such as apples and pomegranates is due to the presence of Danic acid.Although green tea is known for its high antioxidant value, it may be harmful to health.Well, for those of you who are allergic to one of the antioxidants found in green tea-Danic acid, this is true.In short, people with Danic acid allergies will be advised to avoid beverages and foods that contain Danic acid or Danic acid.Therefore, although Danic acid has antioxidant activity, it can damage the health of patients with Danic acid allergy.
The severity of the symptoms will vary depending on the sensitivity of the person to substances belonging to Danin.For example, people who are allergic to Danic acid can increase the risk of a fatal immune response.
A slight allergic reaction to Danic acid or its compound is not a concern and does not require medical care.Therefore, when drinking coffee or tea containing Danic acid, mild allergic symptoms can be expressed as a controlled feeling of headache, anxiety and tension. Or nervous.Therefore, the reaction of Danic acid may upset you.
Ignore the slight allergic reaction and continue the person with Danic acid-The underlying product may end up with a mild response, triggering severe headaches, including migraine and cluster headaches that can last more than a day.In some cases, Danic acid reactions can cause nausea, intestinal dysfunction (diarrhea), and stomach discomfort, resulting in abdominal pain, indigestion, and hiccups.Symptoms such as pollen fever may also occur immediately after exposure to allergies, including runny nose, nasal congestion, itchy eyes and wateryCausing Daning.
In some cases, people who are moderately allergic to Danic acid do not have a headache, but are dizzy, tired and weak.After taking Danic acid, hot flashes, a feeling of heart beat faster has also been reportedbased products.
Severe allergic reactions caused by Danic acid exposure, although rare, may be lifelongthreatening.Also known as allergy-Like a reaction, it happens quickly within seconds of touching the allergen.Allergies to Danic acid can cause a lot of immune response, which may be lifeThreat within minutesTherefore, urgent medical care is required to address this fatal immune response.
This adverse reaction exposed to Danic acid can cause airway stenosis and cause serious respiratory problems.Obstruction of the airway can cause tension in the throat, resulting in inability to speak normally.Apart from breathing problems, the lips, tongue and face can suddenly swell.All of this occurs within a few seconds and can have catastrophic consequences if treatment is delayed.
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Diet and Nutrition Q&A by Betty Kovacs
Because ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease affect the digestive tract many people believe that their diet has something to do with causing them. While the actual cause of these two diseases remains unknown, there has been some research that has shown an association between specific dietary habits and UC and Crohn's disease. These studies are done retrospectively (looking back) by examining the food records of people before being diagnosed with UC or Crohn's and comparing them with people who do not have either disease. The limitation to this is that there is a great deal of inaccuracy when people self-report their dietary intake, and when studies are done retrospectively, you can't say for sure that the specific food causes the disease. There could be factors outside of their diet that are the actual cause but were not part of the study. The only way to know for sure would be to perform studies where the only difference between the people with and without the disease is the specific food being studied.
Until more comprehensive research is done, it may be beneficial to know what the retrospective studies have shown:
Ulcerative colitis (UC):
Crohn's disease (CD):
The consistent trend throughout each of the studies follows the advice found in the dietary guidelines for all healthy Americans. The best diet to follow is one that is balanced with foods from each of the food groups and limited in sugar and fat.
Thank you for your question.
Last Editorial Review: 1/3/2007
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Blacklisted: Why Are There No African Americans In The US Senate?
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As a young African-American man who aspires to one day serve my state in the United States Senate, it would seem, much to my chagrin, that all the odds are not in my favor. The 112th Congress (2011-2013) did not have a single African-American Senator, and the incoming 113th Congress, which will serve from 2013-2015 will be African-American-less as well. The United States Senate has failed to have a African-American Senator since Roland Burris (who replaced Barack Obama when he assumed the office of President in 2009). And, before the people of the great state of Illinois sent Barack Obama to the Senate in 2004, there hadn't been an African-American in that body since 1999. Only six African-Americans have served in the United States Senate since the inception of that body in April of 1789.
Historical Nature
Once the stains of slavery were wiped from the nation's conscience and Reconstruction was instituted, a glimpse of hope could be seen in regards to our union being further perfected and African Americans who had only recently been property– now being able to run and be chosen for statewide and national office. The reason I say chosen is clear in the profiles of two men, both from the state of Mississippi: Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce. Not until 1913 were U.S. Senators directly elected by the population, rather they were chosen by their respective state legislatures. Hiram Revels was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate (and U.S. Congress overall) when on February 23, 1870 the Mississippi Senate voted 81-15 to send him as their Senator to Washington.
However, the oppugnant Democratic party opposed on the grounds that Revels, even though a citizen under the 14th amendment, could not take his seat because he had not met the nine-year citizen requirement of the United States Constitution. Revels and the Republicans would counter saying that he was born a free man and had been a citizen all his life (he was of mixed black and white ancestry). Thus, he was seated as the first African American Senator on February 25, 1870 after the body voted 48-8. Revels would hold his seat for one year until 1871 and chose not to seek reelection.
Not until March of 1875 did another African-American serve in the United States Senate, and his name was Blache Kelso Bruce. Bruce, like Revels was of mixed ancestry, and Republican who represented the state of Mississippi. Bruce holds the distinction of being the first former slave and African-American to preside over the United States Senate, a feat he accomplished in February of 1879. The next year he also became the first African-American to receive votes at the Republican National Convention when eight delegates cast ballots for him as Vice President to serve on the ticket with James Blaine. He retired from the Senate when President James A. Garfield named him as Registrar of the United States Treasury, where he holds the distinct honor of being the first African-American to have his signature on paper currency.
With the retirement of Bruce, the Senate would not have another African-American to grace its halls for 86 years until 1967 when Massachusetts elected Edward Brooke, who held that seat until 1979. Once Brooke was defeated, the Senate would be African-American-less until 1993 when Illinois elected Carolyn-Mosley Braun who became the first and to date only African American woman to hold a seat in the United States Senate. When Roland Burris chose not to run for reelection in 2010, the Senate lost the only African-American to grace its chamber.
Difficult Task?
There seems to be a major problem when the nation is rapidly becoming more diverse but its chief lawmaking body, well at least one chamber, is not reflective of that diversity. According to data by Politico, "if the United States Senate were representative of the United States population, then 16 of the 100 members would be African-American." As stated before, this incoming class of United States Senators, will have zero African-Americans. This is a serious problem. It is almost insane to think that a nation with such an influential population can't seem to get at least one African-American elected from across 50 states. Why is it such an arduous task to elect an African-American to statewide office when we have been able to elect one to the Presidency not once, but now twice? I for one know that there are plenty of talented, ambitious and worthy candidates who would be awesome individuals to serve as not only Senators, but also Governors and Attorneys General.
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 - B. Brown
 I'm barely functioning at the moment, but I did want to leave a quick response…
 …there's one small phrase that tells a majority of the story: the fact that there's one African-American governor. Gubernatorial elections are subject to the same voters as senatorial elections. We can throw out quite a few of states which we know will never elect an African-American to a statewide position, probably half of them. We can eliminate quite a few others off the fact that there isn't enough of an African-American population to help elect an African-American. I'd say (without deep thought) that maybe ten states are even slightly possible locations from which an African-American senator can develop. There's also the fact that many senatorial elections occur in midterm years, when African-Americans are less likely to vote. That's before we even get into the issues discussed in the piece such as financing.
 Okay, my time's about up. I'll finish by saying these don't make the task impossible (obviously), but they are limitations that any African-American senatorial candidate would have to address throughout – or preferably, long before – they start campaigning.
 My recent post My Five Favorite Sitcoms Of All Time
 - niksmit
 Wait, my brain doesn't really get going before noon. Did I read the first paragraph correctly? Neither house will have any African American representation? Not one among the hundreds in the lower house???
 - Darrk Gable
 James Clyburn is still in the House of Reps. and Keith Ellison as well. There are a few other black representatives, but not many.
 - A.D. Fields
 No I state in the article that there are 43 blacks who serve in the house.
 - AfterMath
 The senate (and governor) is an entirely different race than running for say a House seat. The demographics are entirely different, which is why I'd argue that many of those who are beloved by their districts in the house choose not to run statewide, just a more difficult sale.
 Also, many of the Black politicians run on primarily Black issues. This is cool in terms of city and county races, but when doing state races where there isn't one state where Blacks are a majority, its a much more difficult task. in Mass, Patrick ran on a more middle class agenda similar to what Barack ran on. Many in our community don't see the benefit of such a campaign as its not centered around Black issues though.
 But as the demographics of America (and thus states) change to a majority minority population, we're likely to see the primary interests of voters change and the set of candidates running for statewide offices more diverse.
 My recent post Learn About "the Other" Algebra
 - Darrk Gable
 It seems like more black folk are less interested in running for political office at all, unless there is a high concentration of African-Americans in their respective district. Getting elected is hard, even if the area in which your running knows your face. But to run for a Senate seat, where you have to be elected by a whole state? That seems to be an insurmountable mountain at this point.
 I'm more on the side of the Obama effect has been negative. The racial tensions in the country have ratcheted up, and as long as one of us is in charge, there will be no more advancement for another.
 - InsomniaPoet
 This article is just sad. Very true but sad. I think part of the problem is that the average American (black, white or other) doesn't really understand how politics work. Most people don't know who their Senators are, more or less when to vote for them, or how to campaign for them etc. Most of my friends only vote in Presidential elections (or when they were gonna start selling alcohol on Sundays). Half of my friends who do vote for something other than President don't even know who the candidates are and will literally call me on the way to vote asking me who they should or shouldn't vote for. I don't really know how you can convince people to care but I think that's where it has to start.
 - Bree
 "The House, however, has the exclusive power to initiate bills for raising revenue"
 Hate to pull the race card but I believe this is the reality. Caucasians will Always control the money in this country in some way, shape, or form. Regardless of who is the president, in the Senate or the house.
 Even though we have a black president, the Republicans have control of the House. To a certain extent, even though the Republicans lost the presidency, they won where it counts.
 "The major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that affects the entire country."
 Point is, the House of representative has more power than the Senate. I believe "they" knew exactly what


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Eyenalyze uses four Hubs to house the various functions needed to manage a restaurant. Each Hub are represented by a color coded tab. Sales is represented by blue, Inventory is yellow, Labor is red, and Profit is green. These colors are consistent throughout the platform.
The Dashboard automatically opens up with Sales. Navigating the tabs changes the color and data appearing on the Dashboard. Each Hub has its own personalized set of charts and graphs used to present data for a restaurant. Each Hub also has its own menu of functions, called the Fuse Panel, that can be reached by clicking the header for each Hub.
Eyenalyze contains a date range function that is present throughout the platform allowing users to manipulate data by time.
To navigate the date range box, select a predetermined date range, or manually define a start and end date by selecting the desired dates on the calendars. When changing a date range, data throughout Eyenalyze will update to present the selected date range.
Users can use this to view a restaurants data for any specific day, week, month, or year.
At the top of every page in Eyenalyze a user can quickly access the Dashboard, or a specific Hub, by selecting the respective quick link located below the restaurant name.
The first symbol is for the Dashboard, then Sales Hub, Inventory Hub, Labor Hub, and Profit Hub, respectively.
Various pages in Eyenalyze have a wrench icon, called the Edit Menu, that allows users to further edit or use the platform. The Edit Menu is always located next to the title of the page.
Each Hub on the Dashboard has a chevron symbol on the right hand side that acts as a drop down menu allowing users to quickly access a specific Fuse within the Hub.
There are two ways to switch between restaurants using the Eyenalyze platform:
- In the top right menu, select "Restaurants" and options for available restaurants will appear.
- Select the restaurant name on the page and the option to search or scroll to a new restaurant will appear.
The Eyenalyze platform is centered around data tables for users to view information. Most tables with information in Eyenalyze are a data table, and can be sorted by each vertical category available. Simply click the header and the table will sort "A to Z" or "Z to A" respectively.


the very alteration itself is perceivable, is this a bad thing? Does this type of perception alteration take away from the experience and act of that specific communion? Does it add a layer of falsity to the communion?
In my mind, I am trying to make a juxtaposition between drugs or natural substances that alter experience in a state of "perceivable awareness" as opposed to altering awareness in an imperceivable way. So instead of completely changing our awareness through drugs like mushrooms, salvia, or DMT, making us observers with totally different glasses on, we can become an observer observing the observer through the "perceivable awareness" of an alteration of perception by consuming substances like marijuana, sugar, caffeine, etc.
These are just some things I have been thinking about as of late, and I was hoping that you, and others, would be able to share their insights, thoughts and intuitions on some of these ideas.
Thanks for your time
I've been thinking heavily on the concept of communion with the Self as one of many tools for increasing: vibrational levels. Everything is one, everything is you when you commune with nature, the Self, you step inside the oneness that you truly are. I think this communion is possible in many ways, from rolling on the grass, to grazing through a pasture or touching a tree and a deep way.
I believe the consumption, or partaking, of nature also gives us a path to this communion with the self. Whether it be eating a piece of fruit, smelling a certain fragrance, or perhaps consuming a natural substance that alters our awareness and perception in a perceivable way.
I agree 100% that there are no short-cuts. However, I think our expanded awareness can truly benefit from such communions. And awareness is the key here: perception, experience, and integration of thought and consciousness with those perceptions and experiences of awareness.
Chris and Trinity, I would be really curious to hear your feedback on these thoughts.
After reading the article I felt just wondering why would somebody want to shortcut his spiritual evolution? Is it not about the journey itself actually?
To me it doesn't make any sense to see a "movie" with just an opening and end :) Personally, even that I am boohooing sometimes when the times are somewhat challenging, but I wouldn't want to miss the travelling itself, all the wonderful things on my way, all the challenges and the empowerments and learnings, all the people I've met, all the experiences and self-discoveries :( Why? It is hard for me to understand what's the joy in trying to jump... and where exactly?...
It seems to me that people have some idea that spiritual evolution has some final stop, but in my view, there is always a place to grow, to keep going, evolving, individually, collectively and on the universal scale, so where are people 'hurrying'? Where do they think they are going to get? And if they knew, are they sure they would want to get there at all?
And what I see here is just another symptom of this general misconception what is there "beyond the veil", what is spirituality? People take DMT, they get to the 4th dimension, and then they "don't like it". What did they think they will find there? Some rosy pinky world where they can be in constant bliss?
So as I see it, a lot of confusion is going on around... So putting it in some "shortcutted' way, I would say that, in my view, spirituality is not somewhere there outside, some other 'fun world', it is actually inside.
So if you don't 'like' the way you are now, and can't accept and work with what you have now, then at least one side effect will occur as a result of any kind of shortcutting: it is getting to see more of what you have now, in a more deep and intense way, without having the tools to deal with it, without having 'the muscles to lift the weight'. And from this place two things can happen: 1) lifting it anyway, and then it is tougher, harder and much more unbearable, i.e. you're going to have to 'walk' it anyway, but without proper preparation; 2) 'cracking', in all kinds of ways.
So I would say that the first thing to ask is what are these people exactly after when they are taking these things?
I did psychedelic drugs (mainly mushrooms and LSD) quite intensely and for quite some time. I never had negative experiences myself but many of my friends did. One killed himself, two never recovered psychologically. Many are still in the loop or very depressive.
While it should be very clear that drugs can only have you look out of the window, but never actually walk out the door, it is also a question how much you are willing to pay for that glance at a wider reality. The idea of spiritual progress though drugs is just a lie in my view. So yes, it might inspire you to walk a spiritual path, to then aquire these states in a natural way. But at what cost?
With me it did so seriously mess up my energy that I do belive that I am still cleaning up the mess now, more then 10 years later. I had several meetings with masters and clairvoyants in my journey who just looked at my energy when I walked through the door and stated "Jesus, what have you been doing? LSD?" I can't see energy like that myself but it became quite clear to me, that these substances really come with a strong "spiritual health warning" and the way they are used and glorified in the spiritual scence is nothing short of naive.
Taking drugs is really violence towards your own energy and being. There is an organic path that we are invited to walk. A path where chakras and energy open when they are ready to open, when the nervous system and brain are ready for the energy and when the personality is in a place to digest the change in perspective and identity. It is the smoothest and the fastest way I see.
In spiritual terms a shortcut might easily turn out as the longest distance between two points... There is no cheating, not by taking drugs, not by powerful guru-initiations, not by energy transmissions, dikshas or the like.
And why would you mistrust the natural flow anyway?
I took magic mushrooms when I went to Amsterdam with some old friends. I found the experience so amazing I took them again the next day and then again. But then experiences started to get more dark and then things didn't start to feel so good, being in the middle of Amsterdam certainly didn't help.
The exploration and experiences triggered a period of depression that stayed with me for years.
Looking back now, I get a clearer energetic perspective of what was going on when I took the drugs. I certainly went into a very expanded state of awareness. I was more open to seeing and feeling things I had never felt before. It felt amazing. This was the part that I really enjoyed and wanted to get back.
As I went on taking them, darker energies got stirred. Fears, emotions and really unpleasant feelings started to consume me and not only affected me mentally but energetically and physically. At the time they related to my life then, but now having seen the patterns, I feel relate to karma.
Because I wasn't in a position to see what was going on or deal with what I was feeling, they largely consumed me, and my physical and mental health really suffered.
I spent years visiting doctors, having tests, referred here, referred there and no one could actually diagnose what was wrong with me. And then one day my Doctor suggested that I was depressed and it might be worth trying anti-depressants.
That was a turning point for me. There was no way I was going to start plastering over the cracks by taking anti-depressants, and my inner and spiritual journey began.
I never took Magic mushrooms for anything other than to try the experience. It certainly opened me up to the world of psychedelics. In terms of them being used for spiritual growth I see them actually being more of a hindrance. For me it's about working with what you are feeling now, there is all the growth and experience you need in that.


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Distributed algorithms for delay bounded minimum energy wireless broadcasting
Çiftlikli, Serkan and Öztoprak, Figen and Erçetin, Özgür and Bülbül, Kerem (2007) Distributed algorithms for delay bounded minimum energy wireless broadcasting. [Working Paper / Technical Report] Sabanci University ID:SU_FENS_2007/0006
In many network applications, broadcasting is an important part of the operation where data generated by a source is disseminated to all users in the network. Judicious use of limited energy resources in wireless networks typically requires routing packets along the branches of a tree spanning the source and the destination nodes. In addition, networks that support real-time traffic are also required to provide certain quality of service (QoS) guarantees in terms of the end-to-end delay along the individual paths from the source to each of the destination nodes. Therefore, in this paper we focus on constructing a minimum power broadcast tree with a maximum depth D which corresponds to the maximum tolerable end-to-end delay in the network. We investigate two different distributed algorithms for this purpose: Distributed Tree Expansion (DTE) and Distributed Link Substitution (DLS). DTE is based on an implementation of a distributed minimum spanning tree algorithm in which the tree grows at each iteration by adding a node that can cover the maximum number of currently uncovered nodes in the network with minimum incremental transmission power and without violating the delay constraint. In DLS, we begin with a feasible broadcast tree, and then improve that solution by replacing expensive transmissions by transmissions at lower power levels while preserving the feasibility of the tree with respect to the delay bound. Hence, DTE is constructive in nature while DLS is an improvement algorithm. Although DTE increases the message complexity to O(n^3) from O(n^2) in a network of size n, it provides up to 50% improvement in total expended power compared to DLS.
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Life under COVID-19: Role of nature for mental and physical well-being
Aiming to stop the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, governments across Europe are advising – or requiring – people to stay indoors unless absolutely necessary.
According to the World Health Organization, the lockdown measures will have a negative impact on people's mental health, but just how important is access to the outdoors for one's overall well-being?
In 2017, IEEP produced a briefing that explores the links between access to nature and health. The evidence collected by our researchers shows that access to nature is vital for good mental and physical health at all ages.
The briefing note presents key insights, practical examples of how nature access contributes to better health and equity, and identifies possible solutions for stakeholders. It builds on earlier work by IEEP on the health and social benefits of nature.


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Legal & Law Programs ►Homeland Security Specialist Certification & Externship Program
Program includes National Certification & an Externship Opportunity
The Homeland Security Specialist
The Homeland Security Specialist Program
This program is designed to prepare successful students to work in various Homeland Security agencies at a local, state or federal level. Specifically for those students whose career-focus is in counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence, national security or government security, this program is a great way to examine new and different subject areas within this growing field. The program provides an overview of the elements involved in the homeland security function, as well as the challenges critical infrastructure managers in government and industry can/will face while maintaining mission operations and staff accountability in the midst of multiple overlapping roles and responsibilities in our rapidly changing world.
Program Objectives
 - Pre- / post-9/11 and the formation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
 - Describe the purpose and organization of the DHS, critical infrastructure and resources
 - Explain the concept of terrorism, the use and analysis of intelligence
 - Examine the effects of terrorism on public health or cyber terrorism
 - Describe the U.S. approach to emergency management
 - Describe the Incident Command System (ICS) and incident response situations
 - Write a response plan to an emergency situation
 - Describe communication and ethical considerations involved in homeland security
 - Describe the use of communication technologies in emergency situations
 - Use Microsoft Office
 - Describe how national security policy was viewed and reported prior to 9/11
 - Compare approaches to national security before and after the 9/11 attacks
 - Examine the circumstances leading to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
 - Describe the Patriot Act and its impact on national security policy
 - List the six critical mission areas of the National Strategy for Homeland Security (NSHS)
 - State the mission of the DHS
 - Describe how the DHS relates to the three branches of government
 - List the agencies brought under the umbrella of the Department of Homeland Security
 - Identify the five directorates and their responsibilities
 - Identify the relationship between homeland security and national security functions
 - Describe common definitions of terrorism
 - Describe the historical perspective of terrorism
 - Identify common components associated with terrorism
 - List the types and tactics of terrorism
 - Describe the difference between antiterrorism efforts and counterterrorism tactics
 - Differentiate between intelligence and information
 - Differentiate between strategic, operational, and tactical intelligence
 - Compare how the law enforcement community and the intelligence community define and use intelligence
 - Describe the purpose and steps of the intelligence cycle
 - Describe the types and phases of intelligence briefings
 - Analyze intelligence for reporting in an intelligence brief
 - Define the terms critical infrastructure and key resources
 - Explain the relationship between the public and private sectors in the context of homeland security
 - Describe behavioral profiling
 - Describe the applications of proactive terror threat assessment
 - Describe critical infrastructure and key resources from a U.S. historical perspective
 - Describe the rationale for post-incident investigations
 - Describe ways in which cyber terrorists use technology
 - Discuss the negative consequences of cyber terrorism
 - Identify the tools used by cyber terrorists
 - Describe the difference between cyber crime and cyber terrorism
 - Examine measures to identify and remedy cyber vulnerabilities
 - Identify the principle federal agencies involved in providing security for transportation systems
 - Describe the principle hazards and vulnerabilities faced by the various modes of transportation
 - Identify the local, national, and international interconnections among various modes of mass transportation
 - Research the initiatives being implemented to improve security for transportation systems in the United States
 - Define the term pandemic
 - Identify historical examples of flu pandemics
 - Describe the role of vaccines during a pandemic
 - Examine the use of biological agents as weapons
 - Differentiate among the categories of biological priority agents
 - Examine the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
 - Describe future goals for federal public health preparedness
 - Describe the difference among catastrophic events, emergencies, and disasters
 - Identify how catastrophic events are measured
 - Describe how human encroachment upon the natural environment has affected human exposure to natural hazards
 - Describe the difference between technological disasters and natural disasters
 - Describe the impact terrorism has had on the types of threats that emergency managers must confront
 - Explain the factors that have contributed to an increasing salience of emergency management in American society
 - Describe the history of the federal emergency management organizations in the United States
 - Identify pre-impact conditions and various physical and social vulnerabilities
 - Define the elements of a response protocol
 - Define Incident Command System (ICS)
 - Explain the rationale for the ICS and the benefits it provides
 - Describe the purpose of the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)
 - Identify the role of the Incident Commander (IC)
 - Describe the importance of comprehensive resource management
 - Identify the role of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) in disaster management
 - Identify areas in which the NYPD's response to the 9/11 attacks indicated good prior planning or showed the need for more thorough planning
 - Describe the purpose and function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
 - Describe the all-hazards approach to emergency management
 - Describe how multiple responding agencies are coordinated
 - Identify the organizational structure for an Incident Command System (ICS) disaster response
 - Identify the purpose of an Incident Action Plan (IAP)
 - Describe the difference between the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the ICS
 - Write an emergency plan and response
 - Describe the philosophical perspective on ethics
 - Discuss the practice of torture by proxy
 - Identify the leadership selection process in the war on terror
 - Explain norms in relation to ethical considerations
 - Describe the issue of looting after a disaster
 - Identify the common and alternative systems and technologies used in emergencies
 - Discuss the lessons learned from past communications mistakes
 - Describe the evolution of communications technology in the context of incident response
 - Describe how technology can be used for emergency planning, participation, and response
 - Write a response plan to a hypothetical emergency situation
 - Examine security protection and incident response for medical facilities
 - Examine security protection and incident response for businesses
 - Examine security protection and incident response for public utility workers
 - Examine security protection and incident response for emergency responders
 - Examine security protection and incident response for social service providers
 - Describe the role of education in homeland security
Education and National Certifications
 - Microsoft Office Specialist (MOS) Certification Exam
National Certification
Externship / Hands on Training / Practicum


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Swipe to navigate through the chapters of this book
Starting from the problem to define the tangent to the graph of a function, we introduce the derivative of a function. Two points on the graph can always be joined by a secant, which is a good model for the tangent whenever these points are close to each other. In a limiting process, the secant (discrete model) is replaced by the tangent (continuous model). Differential calculus, which is based on this limiting process, has become one of the most important building blocks of mathematical modelling.
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- The Derivative of a Function
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- Chapter 7


Chrome-Vs Nickel Vs Zinc Plating For Metal Parts
Chrome VS. Nickel VS. Zinc Plating for Metal Parts?
July 29th, 2021
A part can experience a range of stresses when used in an application. It can experience corrosion from other components, chemicals, solvents, or from the environment. A part may also wear out faster as it may experience abrasion or friction while in operation.
To prolong the life of the part and to prevent corrosion, the part may be plated with another metal material. This plating process is called electroplating. With the use of electrolysis, a thin layer of another metal is electrically attached to the surface of the part. In addition to providing corrosion resistance and increased wear protection, the electroplating can enhance the properties of the part to make it more conducive or to improve the appearance of the part.
Many types of metals can be used for the electroplating process. Nickel, chrome, and zinc are widely used depending on the industry that the part is used in and the application. Each type of metal has its advantages and disadvantages. Let's take a look at these differences between nickel plating, chrome plating, and zinc plating.
Nickel Plating
Nickel plating is a hard material that offers good corrosion resistance. It is often plated onto copper to increase copper's natural corrosion resistance. Nickel is also highly reflective and is used for decorative purposes. This metal can enhance the appearance of metal and offer wear resistance. Nickel is a porous metal, so it must be applied to multiple layers onto other metals to provide protection.
Chrome Plating
Chrome is a very stable metal when exposed to certain acids, carbonate sulfide, alkali, and humid climates. The metal has high heat resistance, good wear resistance, and a good hardness. Chrome plating can provide good wear resistance to parts and provide light reflection benefits. However, the metal is very brittle and porous. On its own, chrome does not offer good anti-corrosion protection. However, when it is combined with copper and nickel, the plating can be used on parts in corrosive environments.
Zinc Plating
Zinc plating has excellent corrosion properties except against alkalis, sulfides, and acids. This metal also has good mechanical strength. It is often used in humid and hot environments as it is a stable metal. Due to the metal being abundant and can be easily worked, it is low in cost. Yet keep in mind that zinc plating is not a good metal for parts that will experience high amounts of friction. It is often used in many applications to prevent parts from rusting.
In addition to these metals, cadmium, copper, and tin plating may also be used on industrial parts. Precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum may also be used to plate parts. Gold is a common plating used for semiconductors and connectors in the electronics and electrical industries.
When it comes to selecting a metal plating for your part, consider how the part will be used in the application and whether it will interact with the environment. Then select a plating that offers the appropriate benefits. To learn more about metal plating and the electroplating process, contact Impro.
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You believe in Jesus. Now what?
Find out the answer to that question in Starting Point: A Disciple's First Steps. Pastor Ron Jones developed this discipleship coaching experience to help you get started in your journey with Jesus and encourage your spiritual growth.
Starting Point is not just for new Christians; it's for any believer that wants to learn how to follow Jesus better. It's also a tool for those that want to make disciples of Jesus, helping us fulfill our mission to "glorify God by making disciples of Jesus Christ who go and make disciples." Your discipleship coaching experiences include:
- Growing Up to Be Like Jesus
- What Is the Gospel?
- The Assurance of Your Salvation
- Going Public With Your Faith
- The Disciplines of a Disciple: Mind, Body, Heart, Soul
- More Disciplines of a Disciple: Time, Money, Will, Relationships
- The Holy Spirit in You
The coaching experiences are available on demand. Access them anytime and anywhere on your smart phone, tablet, laptop, or desktop computer. Even though Starting Point is written to complete in seven weeks, you can go at your own pace. Each session works the same way.
- Download and print the notes.
- Watch the video coaching experience led by Dr. Ron Jones.
- Download and complete the study guide.
- Connect with a discipleship coach. We encourage you to meet with a more mature follower of Jesus to discuss what you are learning.
So, what are you waiting for? You have nothing to lose and everything to gain.
It's easy to register for Starting Point and takes less than five minutes. But if you need some help, follow these simple steps to set up your account and access the discipleship coaching experiences.


Home » Food Preservation » Freezing » Can English Muffins Be Frozen?
Can English Muffins Be Frozen?
Maria Foster
Last Updated on
by Maria Foster
Can you freeze English muffins if you can't eat them right away? Yes, but the way you store them will affect how they taste after you reheat them.
English muffins
How To Freeze English Muffins
While you can throw an entire unopened package of English muffins straight into the freezer, this isn't as effective as storing them properly.
Here's how to do that:
The first step is pre-slicing the English muffins. Use a fork for this instead of a knife. Pulling them apart with a fork helps retain their internal structure, where the air bubbles are good for cupping honey, jam, or other fillings. This works similarly to waffles. Separating English muffins this way makes it easier to reheat them later and will not lower their quality.
Next, wrap each set of halves separately. Many people use aluminum foil for bread, but you can also use plastic wrap or similar storage material. The goal here is to minimize the air that flows over the product, which will ultimately lead to damage and freezer burn.
Pick a Proper Container
After that, find a proper freezer bag. If you bought the muffins from a store, the plastic wrapping them is usually too thin to work correctly in a freezer. It's better to use a resealable plastic bag designed for freezers because it's thicker and much less likely to get damaged over time.
If you're using a bag, squeeze out as much air as you can before sealing the bag. This will reduce the amount of freezer burn your food experiences.
Alternatively, you can store your English muffins in a large, sealed container. Some people use a large plastic container to rotate bread through as needed, which provides even more protection. However, it also wastes some space in the freezer, so it's not a good choice for every family.
Finally, decide where you want to store your muffins. The best place is in the coldest part of the freezer, which is always somewhere in the back and usually lower in the freezer. The temperature is closest to constant there, which helps prevent freezer burn. Things near the front are more likely to experience changes.
You can put your English muffins closer to the front if you're using a thick plastic container. These containers don't change their temperature quickly enough when you open the door to hurt your food, so they provide added flexibility in storing food while maintaining quality.
Finally, regardless of where you store your English muffins, try to keep them away from anything with a strong odor. They might adopt those smells as part of their flavor, which can ruin the experience of eating them.
How Long Do English Muffins Last In The Freezer?
English muffins maintain most of their quality for three months. However, this is only true if you're storing them unheated and by themselves. If you're assembling meals out of them, such as freezing breakfast sandwiches, their lifespan is determined by the other ingredients in that meal and could range from a few days to a few weeks.
Can you freeze English muffins any longer than three months, you ask? Yes, you can.
While you should eat them within three months for the best quality, they'll last for up to six months if you need to keep them any longer. Past this point, they're likely to start suffering damage even if you stored them well.
Everything eventually dehydrates and experiences freezer burn, so make sure you have a plan to use the muffins and try to eat the oldest ones first.
What Is The Best Way To Store English Muffins?
As bread products, English muffins thaw considerably better than some other foods. You can use a toaster, an oven, or even your countertop (for a slower thaw) if needed
Storing them this way means you don't have to half-defrost them to separate them later, which makes them considerably easier to use.
For more information on storing English muffins and other types of food, make sure you familiarize yourself with the USDA guidelines.
How To Thaw English Muffins
For faster results, start by heating them for 20-30 seconds in your microwave. The time you'll need depends on the power of your microwave, so experiment a little and figure out what works best for you.
Optionally, you can put a paper towel around the muffins while you're microwaving them. This will help keep their remaining moisture in and stop them from drying out too much while you're reheating them.
You don't need to completely thaw them here. In fact, it's okay even if part of the muffin still feels cold and frozen. The goal of using a microwave this way is softening the muffins up a little and turning them from frozen solid to a more room-temperature setting.
Once they're partially thawed this way, you can put them in a toaster or toaster oven and finish heating them. They should end up near their normal toasting temperature and taste just fine. Bread is one of the more durable products you can put in the freezer, so you may not even notice the difference as long as you eat them within a few months of freezing.
English Muffin From Microwave
Advanced Toasting
Suppose you're going to heat English muffins in a toaster oven after thawing them. In that case, you can add ingredients after microwaving them (as described above) but before putting them into the toaster.
This is a great opportunity to add wetter toppings like pesto, meats, cheeses, or anything else you want to add that can be warmed up. However, the density of your toppings makes a large difference here. If you pile things on too thickly, the heat won't get all the way to the muffin and some parts will still be cold.
To mitigate this, try to avoid having the toppings be any thicker than the muffin itself. Similarly, experiment a little with your specific toppings and with different settings on your toaster oven to see what heats the best.
In many cases, toasting a little above the halfway point works out well for English muffins. While that might be too much for them normally, the extra ingredients will absorb most of the heat and help provide a consistent temperature for the final result.
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/G (Optimize for Processor) Options
Tells the compiler to optimize code generation for the specified processor.
/G is available in all editions of Visual C++, but the compiler can perform more optimizations when /G is used with one of the /O compiler options. However, /O is not available in the Visual C++ standard edition.
To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment
Open the project's Property Pages dialog box. For details, see.
Click the C/C++ folder.
Click the Command Line property page.
Type the compiler option in the Additional Options box.
To set this compiler option programmatically


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1848 - Albert I was born in Paris, France on November 13, 1948.
1865 - Joined the Spanish Navy and later joined the French Navy where he was awarded the Legion of Honor.
1869 - Married Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton on September 21, 1869.
1870 - Became interested in oceanography and recorded numerous oceanographic studies, maps and charts.
1889 - Became King of Monaco on September 10, 1889 and married the dowager duchess Marie Alice Heine.
1909 - Became a member of the British Academy of Science.
1911 - Granted Monaco an Constitution and was suspended by the Prince at the start of WWI.
1920 - Received the Gold Medal Award from the American Academy of Science for his achievements.
1922 - Died in Paris, France on June 26, 1922.
Page last updated: 6:18pm, 28


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This is the central key in this series of linked Keys to Australian
Aquatic Macro-Invertebrates. The
key is designed to identify any specimen to a level corresponding approximately
to Phylum or Class.
For most major invertebrate groups this key points directly to a
family-level subkey. For arthropod
taxa, it points to a Key to Arthropoda as an intermediate-level key.
Groups for which no subkey is provided can be identified further using
the notes and illustrations given against the relevant terminating taxon in this
key. In most cases, these notes allow identification to family
level, but a few taxa, namely rotifers, gastrotrichs and nematodes, are taken
only to ordinal level.
This set of keys was prepared mainly from the primary and secondary
taxonomic literature and from existing dichotomous keys.
Expert advice and assistance was sought in some cases.
References and acknowledgments with respect to each key are given in the
text which accompanies that key.
These keys cover the free-living macroscopic invertebrate taxa known to
occur in Australian inland waters, including introduced taxa.
Taxa represented in fresh or saline, running or still, permanent or
ephemeral inland waters are included, but wholly marine taxa which may extend
into upper estuarine habitats, and wholly terrestrial taxa some species of which
extend into intermittently wet habitats, have generally been omitted from the
The aim has been to key free-living organisms to family level.
Only higher-level identification is provided for (i) taxa in which all
species are obligate parasites, (ii) taxa mainly comprised of organisms too
small to be retained by a 250mm mesh sorting sieve, and (iii) semi-aquatic,
damp-soil and semi-marine (upper estuarine) taxa.
Some taxa are not taken to family level because the taxa are poorly
known. For these the key runs to
whatever level can be achieved on current knowledge. For example, phylum Nematoda is taken only to order (and then
only by way of taxon notes) and part of Platyhelminthes is taken only to
Our aim has been to cover the whole of Australia, but not all source
documents specify whether offshore territories, etc, are included.
Thus, coverage of tropical/subtropical island territories, and
Antarctic/sub-antarctic territories may not be complete for some taxonomic
Our aim has been to cover all inland waters: fresh or salt, flowing or
still, including marshlands and temporary waters. The dividing line between riverine and estuarine habitats is
hazy, as are also the line between marine littoral and coastal saltmarsh and
that between wetlands generally and damp terrestrial environments.
At genus or species level the decision what to include or exclude could
be problematic, but at family level it is less so. For the most part, families which are strongly represented in
marginally-aquatic environments also include one or more truly aquatic species,
and thus are included in the keys. Where
this is not the case we err on the side of including taxa which might be found
in aquatic samples. Where sources
differ as to whether a family has aquatic members we treat it as if it has.
The idea behind an interactive key is to identify a specimen by
eliminating all the taxa to which it cannot belong. Identificatory characters may be taken in any order
convenient to the user. The first
character in the present key (character one when the characters are listed in
Lucid natural order) exemplifies the method but is somewhat unusual in
that it asks for a first impression (gestalt) of the specimen.
Most other characters are more specific. Some specimens can be identified to a single taxon on the
basis of gestalt but most cannot. For
example, medusoid jellyfish are instantly recognisable as such, but
flatworm-like animals occur in many phyla apart from Platyhelminthes.
By selecting 'jellyfish' all taxa except Cnidaria would be eliminated; by
selecting 'flatworm' taxa such as Bryozoa and Porifera would be eliminated, but
further characters would be needed to reduce the list which remains.
Throughout these keys, character codings have been written so as to
retain every taxon which has, looks as if it has, or might reasonably be
mistaken as having the attribute in question.
For this reason it would be inappropriate to take the attribute
codings from these keys and to read them as if they represented a true
description of the taxon. Identificatory
character attributes are not character states in the conventional sense.
They deal with specimens not taxa. Their
totality is not a valid description of the taxon to which an identified specimen
Errors in and omissions from these keys should be referred to Peter
Cranston (_EMAIL_) but most of the blame lies with John Trueman (_EMAIL_).
Keys prepared at CSIRO Division of Entomology, Black Mountain
Laboratories, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA
by Ben M. Gunn, John W.H. Trueman, Sophia Dimitriadis and Peter S.
Cranston, with funding from the Land and Water Resources Research and
Development Corporation, Inc.
Lucid Software developed by
at the The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Qld 4072.


text:
Fact Sheets - Controlling Starling Damage at Feedlots
European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were introduced into
the United States in the late 1800's, and have since
increased their range from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts and from southern Canada to northern Mexico. There are
well over 160 million starlings in the US, and they are found in rural, suburban and urban areas in a variety of habitats. They consume seeds and fruits of wild and cultivated plants, insects and other invertebrates, livestock (feed) grains, and garbage. On dairy farms and cattle feedlots, starling damage occurs in several forms:
1. Consumption of cattle feed can cause considerable economic losses, since starlings can consume up to 50% of their body weight in grain each day. Flocks in the tens or hundreds of thousands staying for several months can be a significant economic hardship to producers.
2. Fecal contamination of cattle feed and drinking water can create disease hazards for cattle, especially calves and pregnant cows.
3. Fecal contamination, nesting materials and bird carcasses on and in structures and farm equipment such as dispenser pumps, grinder/mixers, augers, and vehicle engines, can hamper farm operation, and cause costly property damage.
To request the full version of this fact sheet contact us.


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F is for Fox. A friendly fox can be made using a circle as a head, and topped with two small triangles for ears. A triangle makes the fox's snout, finished by a small circle to indicate its nose. Children can draw in the fox's eyes, and some children may also chose to draw whiskers emanating from its snout.
I've also guided the children to create the F page of their dictionaries by making a flag. Most flags can be made very simply with just a few Euclidian solids. For example, the flag of Greece can be made placing five long blue rectangles and four small blue squares over a white piece of paper:


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Linking nutrition programs with Safe Routes to School's focus on physical activity is enabling schools in Orange County, Fla., to target school wellness with a holistic approach designed to reduce childhood obesity.
Orange County Public Schools, the 11th largest school district in the nation, requires that each of its schools form a Healthy School Team. Dr. Toni Moody, founder of the non-profit Health Masters Club, viewed Safe Routes to School as the physical activity component of health promotion among schoolchildren. She used SRTS to complement the Team Nutrition Initiative, a U.S. Department of Agriculture's program. Her efforts resulted in the Health Masters Club Step Up to School TM wellness program.
Moody, a pediatrician, founded Health Master's Club in 2003 with the primary goal of reducing childhood obesity. In 2007, the Florida Department of Health and Health Masters Club applied for a SRTS grant that would complement the existing school wellness curriculum.
The Florida Department of Health was awarded a $50,000 non-infrastructure grant from the Florida Department of Transportation to pilot the Step Up To School TM wellness initiative at Ivey Lane Elementary School and Wheatley Elementary School, both of which serve about 400 children each from pre-kindergarten to fifth grade. Health Masters Club has a contract with the Orange County Health Department, which reimburses costs for some of the services offered under agreement with Health Masters Club.
"A key factor in the success of our program was establishing linkages with the Florida Department of Health and Orange County Health Department to promote Safe Routes to School as a gateway to making communities healthier," Moody says.
Before beginning the program, the Healthy School teams surveyed parents to identify the top three reasons why they did not allow their children to walk to school. The primary cause was concerns about neighborhood safety. Teachers conducted in-class hand tallies at Wheatley Elementary and Ivey Lane Elementary to determine how many students walked to school both before the program began and at the end of the program's first year. In addition, as part of on-going childhood obesity studies sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, staff and students from a local university measured the Body Mass Index (BMI) of Wheatley Elementary students.
Health Masters Club coordinated a comprehensive education plan at four schools (Ivey Lane Elementary, Wheatley Elementary, Lake Silver Elementary and Apopka Elementary) to promote physical activity among students and to encourage parents' support for walking and bicycling to school. Activities included PTA presentations, letters to families from principals, Wellness Wednesdays on Wheels, a 10-day countdown to Walk to School Day, safety lessons for students and other school arrival options for parents such as "Park and Walk" locations and walking school buses. A 10-lesson safety curriculum was provided to secondand fourth-graders, and Epilepsy Foundation of Central Florida provided bike helmets for every student who completed a bike safety and helmet-fitting module. Healthy School Team teachers were provided mini-grants to become certified in Florida SRTS Case Study: Orange County, Florida SRTS: A Natural Link to School Nutrition Program For more resources and information on Safe Routes to School, please visit the National Center for Safe Routes to School Web site at _URL_. SRTS: A Natural Link to School Nutrition Program Elementary Traffic Safety Education.
To address parents' concerns about neighborhood safety, the Healthy School team reached out to community partners to involve them in the efforts. A county-wide mapping assessment completed by the Orange County Traffic and Engineering Department identified potential minor infrastructure improvements, such as signage and flashers, and a Pedestrian Safety Committee was formed to link the health, transportation and neighborhood stakeholders. Parents participated in a letter-writing campaign to request the safety improvements.
Results from the in-class tallies showed a 37 percent increase in students walking to school at Ivey Lane Elementary and an 18 percent increase at Wheatley Elementary during the program's first year. Crossing guards help keep count of students who walk or bicycle to school. The number of Orange County schools participating in Team Nutrition Challenge has tripled.
"The mission of the SRTS program awesomely complements those of Team Nutrition," Moody says. "It was a good fit to incorporate and promote the healthy eating message along with the importance of physical activity by walking and biking to school."
For these Central Florida communities, combining Safe Routes to School and Team Nutrition has opened new paths to wellness.
"We can do so much more (for obesity prevention)," Moody says. "And the best way to begin, of course, is in your own back yard."
Dr. Toni Moody
Pediatrician and Founder of Health Masters Club
_PHONE_ (cell)


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Your windshield wiper system helps you maintain visibility of the road, yet the integral system is so often overlooked. Your windshield wipers:
- Clear snow and ice from your windshield
- Remove rain from the windshield glass
- Clean dirt and bugs from the windshield
- Wipe away tree sap and bird droppings that can etch your glass
All too often it seems that your wiper blades aren't doing a good job of clearing the windshield. The wiper blade may have torn or nicked rubber, which can happen when debris builds up on the windshield, when the wipers are operated while they are frozen to the windshield, or the rubber has simply deteriorated due to environmental elements.
What happens when wiper blades deteriorate
When wiper blades are in less than perfect condition, they can leave small streaks on the windshield or wide swaths of their path can remain dirty or uncleared. You can have a torn rubber edge that causes this which is often evident by a thin rubber strip that hangs from the end of the wiper blade.
The lifespan of wiper blades
The average useful life of wiper blades is six months to a year, so it is recommended that you replace your wiper blades annually or sooner if the need arises. It may not seem like a very long time but the fine rubber edge of the wiper blade is exposed to harsh environmental elements that can dry it out and cause it to crack. It can also easily nick from dirt and small stones that may end up on the windshield.
You can extend the life of your wiper blades by regularly washing your car, removing the dirt that can cause your wiper blades' rubber edges to nick. You can also wipe down the blade rubber with a clean rag that has been wetted with washer fluid. This cleans off any dirt that accumulates on the blade itself and can protect it from drying out.


text:
Get out the microscope, because we're going through this poem line-by-line.
That the clownfaced woodpecker probing the dead sculpted trunk
of that black birch is, by his presence,
some tragic falling off from a first world
of undivided light.
- Now, we've got this idea that the world of individual things, particulars, is somehow not as good as the world of ideas.
- The world of the particular seems "fallen" – in the sense of Adam, Eve, and apples – from the spiritual world.
- How does Hass show this? The clever man puts a line break between "clown-" and "faced," so that the "particular" of the woodpecker literally "falls off" the line that talks about the general idea.
- These lines are all about showing an image of a "particular" thing: a thing which exists in only one place, at one time. It's not just any woodpecker; it's that woodpecker.
- To pound the point home, Hass makes the image of the woodpecker as specific as possible, telling us about its clownish face and the "dead sculpted trunk of that black birch" that it pecks.
- The word that is the kicker. It acts like a finger pointing at the object. "Look! Over there! (Pointing.) That black birch!"
- But, poor woodpecker, it doesn't know that its life is a "tragic."
- By its mere "presence," the woodpecker reminds us that it's not, alas, the one and only true woodpecker – the idea of the woodpecker – which lives in the perfect "first world of undivided light." (More fun with line breaks: "undivided light" is actually "divided" from the "first world" by the break.)
- Does this sound ridiculous yet? Good, because that's what Hass thinks, too. It may be tragic to Plato-reading Westerners, but the woodpecker probably doesn't give a hoot one way or the other.
Or the other notion that,
because there is in this world no one thing
to which the bramble of blackberry corresponds,
a word is elegy to what it signifies.
- This one's a bit harder, but the key phrase is: "A word is elegy to what it signifies."
- An "elegy" is a poem which mourns the death or loss of something. If a word is an "elegy," it means that the word reminds us that the thing which it refers to, or signifies, is lost.
- The speaker gives the example of the blackberry bush. According to this notion of loss, we can't find the single, perfect example of "blackberry" anywhere in the world. Therefore, when we use the word "blackberry," it's like we mourn the idea of some original blackberry which exists only in our minds. (To quote Homer Simpson, with the tongue lolling out of the mouth, "Mmmm...blaaackbeerrrry.")
- This is the "other" notion of loss, but it's pretty close to Plato's notion. Both ideas have less to do with the nature of real things, and more to do with the way words and language trick us into thinking that a more perfect world exists out there.
- So far, the discussion is very head-in-the-clouds and philosophical, but, even in these lines, the speaker already uses language to undercut the philosophical arguments that he raises.
- Notice how he uses the word "bramble" to refer not to a blackberry bush, but to the word "blackberry." It's the kind of word that you would have a hard time saying really fast a bunch of times in a row, so "bramble" is a pretty good metaphor for how the word sounds.
- But, calling it a "bramble" also makes the word seem less like some lofty idea, and more like a real, everyday thing – a particular noise vibrating in the air.
- Keep an eye out for how Hass turns "words" into "things" for the rest of the poem.


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Frequency Analysis of Flood Damage
Additional Document Info
Determination of flood damage frequencies constitutes a fundamental component of any comprehensive flood-risk methodology. A time series of flood damage may contain zero values. Therefore, the probability distribution of damage should be derived taking into consideration these zero values. This distribution was derived using the total probability theorem (in conjunction with gamma, log-normal and Weibull distributions), order statistics, kinematic diffusion (KD) model, and the Box-Cox transformation. Flood damage frequencies determined using these methods were compared with those determined empirically for Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas in the United States. For the four southern states studied, it is found that of all three different analysis methods, the method based on the total probability theorem gave the best results for the flood damage analysis containing zero-damage, and the KD model method is not suitable for the flood damage analysis. ASCE.


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Being Canadian, I didn't grow up on Mister Roger's Neighborhood. Yet not long after I moved to the United States, I had heard many praises of both the show and the man behind the screen. His positive legacy is that strong. And so, I felt curious to read Let's Talk About It: Adoption by Fred Rogers.
According to the preface, Fred Roger's sister "was adopted into our family when I was eleven years old". Her adoption knocked him out of the elite position of being an only child. "Understanding all of that came very gradually for me–and for my sister." Hence, the book Let's Talk About It: Adoption, in which Fred Rogers invites parents and their children to talk about adoption.
Now something you need to keep in mind is that Mister Roger's Neighborhood was aimed at young children from ages two to five. This is also about the age I'd consider appropriate for Let's Talk About It: Adoption. Most pages have one sentence or sometimes or even only half a sentence. The page with the most text has only four sentences. The phrasing is simple and gentle: "Everyone has lots of feelings about being in a family. There are times when you feel happy. And there are times when you don't feel happy." Anyone who grew up with fond memories of Mister Roger's Neighborhood, or simply want a safe book with which to start a discussion about adoption, will appreciate the calm and comforting style of Let's Talk About It: Adoption.
Through this book, children will learn that everyone needs a family, being in a family means belonging, and one can belong to family by being born into or by being adopted. Rogers refers to adoption as "a special kind of love story" where the parents needed and wanted a child to love and the child needed parents to love and care for him. Rogers assures his young readers that ALL families have good and bad times; being angry doesn't mean that love will go away. He tells them that the reasons they can't stay with their birth parents all have to do with adult reasons, not with anything they did. He also says that if they have questions, it helps to talk.
Let's Talk About It: Adoption would make a good book to start with for younger readers. If you're looking for a book for older readers, I'd encourage you to turn to other books in my round-up. Many of them will also appeal to a broader range of ages. They will also will provide a more concrete overview of the process.
PS Being Canadian, I grew up on Mr. Dressup instead of Mister Rogers. In doing author research for this review, I found it interesting to learn that Rogers was friends with Ernie Coombs, the creator of Mr. Dressup, which is considered similar in many ways to Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Mr. Dressup also used some of the songs that were later featured on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
My rating? Read it: Borrow from your library or a friend. It's worth your time.
Américas Award for Children's & Young Adult Literature
CLASP founded the Américas Award in 1993 to encourage and commend authors, illustrators and publishers who produce quality children's and young adult books that portray Latin America, the Caribbean, or Latinos in the United States.
The Caldecott Medal was named in honor of nineteenth-century English illustrator Randolph Caldecott. It is awarded annually to the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children.
The Carnegie Medal is awarded annually to the writer of an outstanding book for children. It was established by in 1936, in memory of the great Scottish-born philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie.
The Christy Awards are awarded each year to recognize novels of excellence written from a Christian worldview.
Coretta Scott King Award
The Coretta Scott King Book Award titles promote understanding and appreciation of the culture of all peoples. It is given to African American authors and illustrator.
children and young adult blogger literacy awards
Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award
The Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award was initiated in 2000 to recognize authors, illustrators, and publishers of high quality fictional and biographical children, intermediate, and young adult books that appropriately portray individuals with deve
Hans Christian Anderson Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards is given to a living author and illustrator whose complete works have made a lasting contribution to children's literature. The award is the highest international recognition an author can receive.
Kate Greenaway Medal
The Kate Greenaway Medal was established in 1955, for distinguished illustration in a book for children. It is named after the popular nineteenth century artist known for her fine children's illustrations and designs.
Middle East Book Award
The Middle East Book Award recognizes quality books for children and young adults that contribute meaningfully to an understanding of the Middle East and its component societies and cultures.
Mythopoeic Fantasy Award
Honors fantasy books for younger readers, in the tradition of The Hobbit or The Chronicles of Narnia
Newbery Medal Award
The Newbery Medal was named for eighteenth-century British bookseller John Newbery. It is awarded annually to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children.
Pura Belpré Award
The award is named after Pura Belpré, the first Latina librarian at the New York Public Library. It is presented annually to a Latino/Latina writer and illustrator whose work best portrays, affirms, and celebrates the Latino experience.
Red House Book Award
The Red House Children's Book Award is a series of literary prizes for works of children's literature published during the previous year in England.
Sydney Taylor Award
The Sydney Taylor Book Award is presented annually to outstanding books for children and teens that authentically portray the Jewish experience.


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State Fire Marshal - Fireworks Safety
After Action Report
Class C Prohibited Fireworks
Fireworks can be an exciting way to celebrate. Fireworks need to be treated with respect and care. Consider attending a professional fireworks display in place of lighting personal fireworks.
In Utah, some fireworks are illegal. Generally, if they are sold in Utah, the are legal to use in Utah. If you could not purchase the firework in Utah, it is not legal to light that firework in Utah at any time.
When conditions make the risk of wildfire extremely high, many areas will not allow firework use of any kind. Check for local restrictions before lighting fireworks.
Here are a few safety tips from the National Council on Fireworks Safety
- Use fireworks outdoors only.
- Obey local laws. If fireworks are not legal where you live, do not use them!
- Always have water handy (a hose or buckets of water).
- Only use fireworks as intended. DO NOT try to alter them or combine them.
- Never re-light a "dud" firework (wait 20 minutes and then soak it in a bucket of water).
- Use common sensewhen using fireworks. Spectators should keep a safe distance from the fireworks. The person lighting the fireworks should wear safety glasses.
- Alcohol and fireworks do not mix! Have a "designated" person light fireworks.
- Only persons over age 12 should be allowed to handle sparklers of any type.
- DO NOT ever use homemade fireworks or illegal explosives; they can kill you! Report illegal explosives to the fire or police department in your community.


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Taylor Branch is one of the country's preeminent authorities on American history during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-63, the first book of Branch's King Years trilogy, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1989. His latest work, The King Years: Historic Moments in the Civil Rights Movement, looks once again at that tumultuous time period, identifying and analyzing 18 landmark moments of the struggle. Branch joins AARP Radio host Mike Cuthbert to talk about some of the most important events in King's life and in the civil rights movement as a whole.
Also of Interest
- 10 tax tips you absolutely need to know
- What the'sequester' could mean for you
- Find great volunteer opportunities in your community
See the AARP home page for deals, savings tips, trivia and more


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Random Tower Packing
- Random tower packing simply pours the filtration media into the tower.
- The uneven distribution and orientation of the parts increase the surface area and enhance the transfer of mass between two fluids.
- The benefits of random packing media comes from narrow tower without ready access.
- In some instances, random packing material may augment existing material to increase a tower's capacity.
Plastic Packings are used in corrosive applications with low to moderate operating temperatures and can offer an economic advantage over metal materials. Where temperature permits, plastic tower packings are better than ceramic packings. Plastic Packings are mainly used in the absorption, scrubbing, stripping, and heat transfer services.
- CO2 Absorption
- SO2, HCl & HF Absorption Or Stripping
- Chlorine Absorption In Water Or Caustic
- Chlorine Dioxide Absorption
- Hydrogen Sulphide & Mercaptan Removal
- Air Pollution Control Scrubbers
- VOC Removal
- Wastewater Treatment
- Drinking Water Preparation
- Fish Farming
- Direct contact cooler
- Water Chiller
- Relatively InexpensiveCompared to structured packing, random packings provide a more cost-effective method of filling a tower. The design, material and amount you choose will ultimately determine the final cost.
- High strength-to-weight ratioThe individual pieces, especially those made from more durable materials, have a high ratio of strength-to-weight. Overall, the random packing media can physically endure mechanical stress well, especially in relation to their lightweight construction.
- Ease of use in difficult-to-access sitesRandom packing materials have an easy to install method that does not require frequent servicing as trays do. For narrow towers with hard-to-reach openings, using random packing material will provide a better option.
When choosing random packing materials, several factors will narrow down the options available for your application. Ask yourself the following questions:
- Is the material a direct replacement of the existing packing you use?
- Do you know the type of packing and performance you require?
- Does the media work with your process?
To help you decide if a media works with your process, consider its surface area, wetting area, friction, and other performance factors to find the ideal option to use in your tower.
- Surface Area
Increase efficiency by choosing random packings with a greater surface area. The more surface area per volume of the packing, the higher the vapor-liquid contact. The surface area you get from your media depends on multiple other factors, including the size and shape of the pieces.
- Wetting Rate
Each material has an inherent wetting rate. If the liquid load drops below the wetting rate, the surfaces of the packings will dry out. The effects of liquids dropping below the wetting rate for the given material include decreased efficiency.
- Uniformity of Distribution
The benefit of random packing is the lack of structure the material creates. When pieces interlock, they can create paths for fluid flow. When fluids have the chance to move along channels, the system loses efficiency.
- Uniform Spreading Surface
How the surfaces of the media spread fluids determine their efficiency. While surface area plays an important part in how efficiently the system operates, when pieces have a uniform spreading surface to allow more vapor-liquid contact, the packing works better.
- Package Voidage
Increasing the amount of void space as much as possible reduces the chances the media will slow down the upward movement of vapor through the system. Due to more void space inside the parts, the capacity of a tower will rise when using larger random packing pieces.
Lower friction for packing media opens spaces between the pieces and inside them. With more space, the tower has a greater capacity and operates more efficiently.
- Packing Strength
The mechanical strength of the material should withstand compression and other damage from typical use in a tower. Resisting corrosion and thermal damage also contributes to the overall strength of a packing media.
- Packing Material
The materials available include Plastics, Ceramics, Carbon, Glass & PTFE.


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The third word of our motto is Act. We run monthly Challenges that guide and motivate students to make an impact on the issues that are explored in accompanying Baatcheet sessions. This is a collaborative exercise that promotes behaviour change and a glimpse of the potential that each student has in changing the world for the better.
1. Implement a Change Project in your community with Design for Change
2. Media and Storytelling with Youth ki Awaaz
3. Social Enterprise Challenge
4. Research Paper on an issue your city faces with City as Lab
5. Environmental projects in your city
6. The Artists' expression


Asked by: Kiowa Eyre
healthy living weight loss
How long is grapefruit good in the refrigerator?
Last Updated: 13th April, 2020
Storing a grapefruit:
Store it at room temperature if you plan to eatthefruit soon, because citrus fruits are always juicierwhenslightly warm. If planning to store grapefruit for alongerperiod, place the fruit in a plastic bag and store inyourfridge crisper. Stored this way, grapefruitswilllast up to 6 weeks.
Click to see full answer.
Besides, can Grapefruit go bad in the fridge?
Grapefruit will generally keep well atroomtemperature for about one week; longer storage at roomtemperaturecan cause the grapefruit to shrivel andlose flavor.Properly stored, grapefruit will usually keepwell for about3 to 4 weeks in the fridge.
One may also ask, what happens if you eat old grapefruit? Grapefruits Are The "Brain Food" WeAllDeserve, But They Do Spoil Quickly. Here's What To LookOutFor. If you can get past its bitter taste, youwillreap the many benefits, which include a high dose of vitaminC,better hydration (grapefruit is 92 percent water),andlowered blood pressure.
Keeping this in consideration, how do you tell if a grapefruit is spoiled?
Some common traits of bad grapefruit are asofttexture and some discoloration of the skin. The soft spotthenbecomes moist and can develops mold, usually white in coloratfirst, and the grapefruit should thenbetossed.
How long can you leave grapefruit on the tree?
The grapefruit takes 6 months to a year toripen,and can last on the tree a long timebeforebeing harvested without affecting the fruitquality.
Related Question Answers
Kwaku Baldovin
Why grapefruit is bad for you?
Grapefruit is a tropical citrus fruit knownforits sweet and somewhat sour taste. It's rich innutrients,antioxidants and fiber, making it one of the healthiestcitrusfruits you can eat. Research shows that it may havesomepowerful health benefits, including weight loss and a reducedriskof heart disease.
Jiajie Chicot
Does grapefruit juice go bad?
Grapefruit juice that has beencontinuouslyrefrigerated will keep for about 7 to 10 days afteropening. Thebest way is to smell and look at the grapefruitjuice: ifthe grapefruit juice develops an off odor,flavor orappearance, or if mold appears, it shouldbediscarded.
Badri Lanzi
Can Grapefruit kill you?
How Grapefruit Can Kill You. If youlovegrapefruit and are on certain medications, thinktwice!Anthony shows us how it could kill you. Today,Anthonyexplains why medications with very specific uses cancauseserious complications and more importantly,death.
Farah Espartal
Is it OK to eat a grapefruit everyday?
While the pith of grapefruit can have more ofabitter taste than say, oranges, it's worth eating alongwiththe fruit (if you can). Fiber is a good thing, and canhelplower blood sugar, cholesterol, and possibly even coloncancerrisk.
Aynoa Mahonin
Can you freeze grapefruit slices?
You can even store grapefruit inthefreezer. Peel them and freeze them whole, or cut themapartand freeze the sections. Freeze grapefruitsectionsin a single layer on parchment paper. When it isfrozen,transfer the sections into Ziploc freezer bags, labeledanddated.
Ursicina Frontela
What color should grapefruit be?
Grapefruit should be harvested when at leasthalfof the peel has started to turn yellow or pink.Maturegrapefruit may still be green in color, but abetterbet is to wait until the fruit turns hue. Remember, thelonger thefruit stays on the tree, the sweeter it becomes; sobepatient.
Syuzanna Arrimar
How do you store grapefruit and oranges?
If you plan to keep your grapefruit forupto 3-4 weeks, be sure to store them in alow-humiditycrisper drawer. Similar to oranges,grapefruit shouldbe placed into a mesh or otherwisewell-ventilated storagebag.
Houssame Uribaster
How can I buy grapefruit?
It should feel plump and heavy, as if it's about toburstwith sweet grapefruit juice. In general, ripe citruswillhave smooth, thin skin. Give the grapefruit a nicesqueeze tosee if it's firm. Firm all the way around is agoodsign.
Abdelhanin Verbeet
Do oranges go bad in the fridge?
As the Florida Department of Citrus pointsout,oranges don't ripen any further once they've been pickedandthe refrigerator is the best place for maximimizingtheirshelf life. At room temperature, oranges usually keepfor upto one week — in your fridge, they'll generallystayfresh for three to four weeks.
Macario Weissleder
Can old fruit make you sick?
Most of us don't intentionally eat moldy produce, butitcan happen without realizing. Most people won'tgetsick from eating moldy foods. Of course, some people aremoresensitive than others. If you develop symptoms orifyou became ill, for most people, any illness atallwould be temporary.
Janet Boyd
Can old grapes make you sick?
Grapes. However, as grapes are highinfructose, a natural sugar that can cause gas, andalsocontain a lot of tannins that can lead to stomachupset,grapes might be giving you nausea anddiarrhoea. Ifthis is the case, try swapping grapes for otherfruits richin resveratrol such as blueberries.
Karamo Borstell
Does one moldy orange ruin the rest?
Eating this mold could make you ill. If it'sasmall soft or moldy spot, just cut it away and enjoytherest. If a large portion of the fruit is toosoft,mold has invaded all the way through and you're betteroffskipping it. With tomatoes, if you see brown spots on theoutsideor brown seeds inside, throw it away.
Marquita Abdulrahmanov
How do you store grapefruit at home?
Storing whole grapefruit: Storewholegrapefruit at room temperature up to a week, or for 2to 3weeks in the refrigerator. Tip: You'll find grapefruitto bejuicier and sweeter if you return it to room temperaturerightbefore serving.
Zhilin Jorajuria
What happens if you eat spoiled fruit?
"If you do eat a food past theexpirationdate [and the food] is spoiled, you coulddevelopsymptoms of food poisoning," said registered dietitiannutritionistSummer Yule, MS. The symptoms of foodborne illness canincludefever, chills, stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea,andvomiting.
Rodayna Oroz
Columba Yasser
Can a bad orange make you sick?
When oranges are beginning to spoil, theywillbecome soft at first, and then develop a white mold. Themoldwill quickly spread and turn green. Oranges shouldbediscarded as soon as they start to become soft. Any sour, rottenorfermented smells indicate spoilage, and the orangeshouldnot be consumed.
Nellie Sanchez Pastor
Do clementines go bad?
Clementines will generally keep well atroomtemperature for about one week; longer storage at roomtemperaturecan cause the clementines to shrivel and loseflavor.Properly stored, clementines will usually keep wellforabout 1 to 2 weeks in the fridge.
Adalberto Scharfchen
Which is the healthiest fruit?
Here are the 20 healthiest fruits on earth.
 1. Grapefruit. Share on Pinterest.
 2. Pineapple. Among the tropical fruits, pineapple is anutritionsuperstar.
 3. Avocado. Avocado is different from most other fruits.
 4. Blueberries. Blueberries have powerful health benefits.
 5. Apples.
 6. Pomegranate.
 7. Mango.
 8. Strawberries.
Rahhal Mend
Is grapefruit good for your skin?
The antioxidant vitamin C can help to fightskindamage caused by the sun and pollution, reduce wrinkles,andimprove overall skin texture when eaten in food orappliedto the skin. Regular hydration and vitamin A arealsocrucial for healthy-looking skin. Grapefruitprovidesboth of these.


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The Importance of Bulla in Ancient Rome
Children wore a special locket around their neck, given to them at birth, called a bulla. It contained an amulet as a protection against evil and was worn on a chain, cord, or strap.
Girls wore their bulla until the eve of their wedding day, when their bulla was set aside with other childhood things, like her toys.
Boys wore their bulla until they day they became a citizen. A Roman boy became a citizen when he was around 16 or 17. There was a special ceremony on that day. Becoming a citizen was a big deal! Boys' bullas were put aside and carefully saved. The owner could wear his bulla again if he won special honors. For example, if he became a successful general, and won the honor of triumph, he would wear his bulla in ceremonial parades, to protect him from the evil jealously of men or gods.