Back pressure
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Back pressure refers to pressure opposed to the desired flow of gasses in confined places such as a pipe. It is often caused by obstructions or tight bends in a confined space such as an exhaust pipe.
Because of air resistance, friction between molecules, the term back pressure is misleading as the pressure remains and causes flow in the same direction, but the flow is reduced due to resistance. For example,a stock car exhaust system with a particularly high number of twists, bends, turns and right angles could cause lots of back pressure to the gasses escaping the car's engine therefore reducing the flow of the gasses.[1]
Back pressure in automotive (four-stroke engine) exhaust[edit]
Back pressure in two-stroke engine exhaust[edit]
In a piston-ported two-stroke engine however, the situation is more complicated due to the need to prevent unburned fuel/air mixture from passing right through the cylinders into the exhaust. During the exhaust phase of the cycle, back pressure is even more undesirable than in a four-stroke engine due to the shorter time available for exhaust and the lack of pumping action from the piston to force the exhaust out of the cylinder. However, since the exhaust port necessarily remains open for a time after scavenging is completed, unburned mixture can follow the exhaust out of the cylinder, wasting fuel and increasing pollution, and this can only be prevented if the pressure at the exhaust port is greater than that in the cylinder.
These conflicting requirements are reconciled by constructing the exhaust pipe with diverging and converging conical sections to create pressure wave reflections which travel back up the pipe and are presented at the exhaust port. The exhaust port opens while there is still significant pressure in the cylinder, which drives the initial outflow of exhaust. As the pressure wave from the pulse of exhaust gas travels down the pipe, it encounters a diverging conical section; this causes a wave of negative pressure to be reflected back up the pipe, which arrives at the exhaust port towards the end of the exhaust phase, when the cylinder pressure has fallen to a low level, and helps to draw the remaining exhaust gas out of the cylinder. Further along the exhaust pipe, the exhaust pressure wave encounters a converging conical section, and this reflects a positive pressure wave back up the pipe. This wave is timed to arrive at the exhaust port after scavenging is completed, thereby "plugging" the exhaust port to prevent spillage of fresh charge, and indeed may also push back into the cylinder any charge which has already spilled.
Since the timing of this process is determined mainly by exhaust system geometry, which is extremely difficult to make variable, correct timing and therefore optimum engine efficiency can typically only be achieved over a small part of the engine's range of operating speed.
For an extremely detailed description of these phenomena see Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines (1996), by Prof. Gordon Blair of Queen's University Belfast, pub. SAE International, ISBN 978-1-56091-685-7.
Back pressure in information technology[edit]
The term is also used analogously in the field of information technology to describe the build-up of data behind an I/O switch if the buffers are full and incapable of receiving any more data; the transmitting device halts the sending of data packets until the buffers have been emptied and are once more capable of storing information. It also refers to an algorithm for routing data according to congestion gradients (see backpressure routing).[2][3]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Muffler at How Stuff Works
 2. ^ L. Tassiulas and A. Ephremides, "Stability Properties of Constrained Queueing Systems and Scheduling Policies for Maximum Throughput in Multihop Radio Networks, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. _PHONE_, Dec. 1992.


text:
User Instructions for CLENQT.FOR
These instructions are written to help users run the program CLENQT.FOR. This program requires an input file called EGM180.NOR which contains the WGS 84 n=m=180, normalized, geopotential coefficients. The source code for CLENQT.FOR is in FORTRAN 77 and it has been developed for use with MS-DOS commands.
This is an ASCII file containing the defree (n), order (m), and normalized geopotential coefficients (Cnm, Snm) in the following format:
These coefficients were developed using surface gravity, satellite altimetry, and elevation data.
The user can run CLENQT.FOR with EGM180.NOR to compute the following gravimetric quantities, here shown with the corresponding output term and unit:
- point free-air gravity anomaly (DELTA G) (mgal),
- point geoid height (N) (m),
- point north-south and east-west components of the deflection of the vertical (XI, ETA) (both in arcsec),
- point total deflection of the vertical (THETA) (arcsec),
- point radial component of the gravity disturbance vector (DIST R) (mgal), and
- point north-south and east-west components of the gravity disturbance vector (DIST NS, DIST EW) (both in mgal).
To load and execute the program, type the following sequence of commands:
- Copy both CLENQT.FOR and EGM180.NOR to the same directory.
- If the.FOR suffix is not compatible with your system's compiler, rename the file to CLENQT.F. then run the program through a FORTRAN compiler. If using a Lahey compiler, type the following commands to create an executable file (.EXE):
- f77l3 clenqt.for (This creates CLENQT.OBJ)
- 386link clenqt.obj (This creates CLENQT.EXE)
- Type this command to execute: clenqt.exe
- The message "READING COEFFICIENT FILE" will appear on the screen indicating that the program is running.
- The user is then prompted to enter the latitude, longitude, and the geodetic height (height above ellipsoid) for the point of interest. The latitude and longitude values must be in decimal degrees and the geodetic height must be in meters
- After the point is entered, the computer will then calculate the gravimetric quantities and display them on the screen in the following format:
PHI LAMBDA HT N DELTA G DIST R DIST NS DIST EW XI ETA THETA
- The program prompts the user to enter a "1" to continue or a "0" to stop.
- The data will go to the screen only; there is no output file.
phone _PHONE_, DSN _PHONE_
Document last modified April 29, 2013

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Japanese Art and the Andon: There is a Light That Never Goes Out
The outstanding feature of the andon is its portability. Noted for their elegance and restrained design, they were developed in the early edo where interiors were sparsely furnished and the few objects that there were all conformed to a certain design aesthetic. The paper shades were very probably a development of the shoji: paper lined sliding doors that allowed diffused sunlight to enter rooms during the day. The type illustrated here is a kaku-andon, the commonest, portable version. Maru-andon, popular in Osaka were cylindrical versions and there were smaller versions, like bedside lights that were called ariake-andon or daybreak lanterns. Yoshitoshi borrowed the device of the lantern and much else in his own version of the story of Jirozaemon illustrated above.
Lanterns – light, shadow, silhouette – these had superstitious meaning to the Edo Japanese. Ghosts and demons were commonly thought to be revealed by a cast light, a shadow or a shape seen through a shade or a shoji. The illustration above left of a print by Kunichika of the cat demon of Okazaki illustrates how the hand of the demon is revealed as a paw by the paper shade of a kaku-andon and the print of the geisha Otoyo (above right), possessed by the spirit of a vampire cat shows the same relationship, this time drawn in the shadow of a sliding shoji, thrown by a hanging andon. The andon is used to great effect in the print of the 24 Paragons of Filial Piety by Chikanobu. In this case a beautiful example of a high quality lantern is shown being held by a faithless wife in the act of profaning the statue of her mother-in-law. The supernatural subject matter and eerie setting is heightened by the storm outside and the light cast by the portable andon.
Of course there were no real demons exposed by the ghostly light of these shadow makers, but there were countless tragedies caused by the careless use of andon. The structures were tall, top heavy and fragile. The construction of thin, dry wood and lacquered paper, tinder dry, were highly flammable as were the traditional timber houses of old Edo. Devastating fire was commonplace throughout the city, even despite the highly organised guilds of firemen, watch towers and alarm bells. There were 1798 recorded major fires in 267 years, 49 of which levelled all or parts of the city (still known as City of Fires). It is not known how many of these were caused by the spilling of lanterns, but it is a reasonable guess that many people died as a result of these elegant paper lanterns.
Please visit _URL_ for more articles and information.
Please visit _URL_ - On our site you will see a wonderful selection of Japanese woodblock prints for sale. Ukiyo-e (the Japanese name for woodblock prints of the 18th and 19thcenturies) are beautiful, collectible and a sound financial investment
Stunning art at Toshidama Gallery


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Your company is planning an expansionbuilding a new process unit or constructing an entire new plant. Regardless of the scope, the facility staff will specify project requirements, complete the process design, and, ultimately, operate and maintain the equipment. As the project takes shape, project engineers will talk with process engineers about the facilitys water systems. But project engineers and process engineers have different responsibilities, and sometimes they dont speak the same language.
Bridging the gap
Here are some ways to bridge the gap between these two groups:
Define the design basis. In water treatment, the design basis describes the range of sustained operating conditions; these are not startup, shutdown or transient conditions. The design basis should include:
Worst case raw water quality; it should reflect seasonal, drought and flood conditions
Range of flowrates, pressures and water temperatures throughout the pretreatment system
Predicted effluent quality from each pretreatment unit that reflect the effects of aging of consumables, e.g., the projected permeate quality from three-year-old reverse osmosis (RO) membranes (per the manufacturers specification).
The best information sources to construct the design basis are plant personnel who have experience operating the utility water systems. Current and former utility process engineers and service representatives from the water-treatment vendor can also provide good information. The water authority for the local watershed, or the industrial or potable water supply, is an excellent source of historical raw water quality.
For example, the Delaware River Basin Authority, a joint state agency, maintains a historical record of selected water quality parameters from numerous monitoring sites on its website. Obtaining water quality information for well water is more difficult. Your water-treatment supplier may have information from wells at nearby plants that can serve as a first approximation for your design basis.
Understand the total cost of ownership. Project engineers are responsible for accurately estimating the capital costs for equipment. But typically they do not evaluate or assign a relative ranking for the operating cost or complexity. Process engineers can assist with the qualitative analysis of the cost and site-specific complexity.
A good example is choosing between a batch-process technology (ion exchange) and a continuous-process technology (RO) to meet varying demands for treated water. Ion-exchange units operate in a batch mode and require frequent idle time for regeneration. Conversely, RO units must run continuously for reliable operation. Choosing RO units for a highly variable flow demand requires either a treated-water storage tank with a sufficiently large working capacity or a complex operating scheme to sequence units for in-service and idle conditions. Idling RO units is not a best practices, it irreversibly compromises the performance and service life of the membranes.
Properly analyze trade-offs. Selection of alternative technologies always involves a judgment of intangible attributes. For example, cold-lime softening creates a larger waste stream than polymer clarification, but the reduction in total hardness in cold-lime-softened water has benefits: smaller downstream ion-exchange equipment and/or a reduction of wastewater (concentrate) from the downstream RO unit. Project engineers should identify and analyze cases for several alternative technologies to understand these trade-offs.
Dont forget about integration issues. Project engineers in existing plants sometimes focus too narrowly on the plot planhow to fit the new equipment into an existing facility, ignoring other issues such as integration of controls, dual-train operating considerations, and man-machine interface issues.
For example, installing a cold-lime softener in parallel with a polymer clarifier and mixing their effluent streams will require pretreatment of the lime-softened water with acid or carbon dioxide prior to mixing to prevent scaling of the blended-water transfer line from post-precipitation.1
Environmental issues. Most environmental issues create constraints for production and wastewater quality; however, occasionally, there are exceptions. Some plants on the lower Mississippi River are allowed to discharge blowdown from cold-lime softeners directly into their outfall to the river, eliminating the cost and constraint of managing this waste stream and changing the balance of trade-offs with alternative technologies.
The discussion continues. Project and process engineerings vet operability issues and new technology before finalizing a water treatment system designs. HP
1 Post-precipitation is the result of excess lime reacting with the calcium hardness and precipitating calcium carbonate in situ.
|The author |
Loraine A. Huchler is president of MarTech Systems, Inc., a consulting firm that provides technical advisory services to manage risk and optimize energy and water-related systems including steam, cooling and wastewater in refineries and petrochemical plants. She holds a BS degree in chemical engineering, along with professional engineering licenses in New Jersey and Maryland, and is a certified management consultant. She can be reached at _EMAIL_.


, let me explain it.
Let me use $R_n$ to denote the coinvariant algebra. Since as an ungraded algebra, $R_n$ is the regular representation of $S_n$, we have $R_n \simeq \bigoplus_{\lambda \vdash n} V_{\lambda}^{f^{\lambda}}$, where $V_{\lambda}$ is the $S_n$-irrep indexed by the partition $\lambda$, and $f^{\lambda} := \mathrm{dim}(V_{\lambda})$. Recall that also $f^{\lambda} = \#$ Standard Young Tableaux (SYTs) of shape $\lambda$, and that we have the famous hook-length formula $f^{\lambda} = \frac{n!}{\prod_{u\in \lambda}h(u)}$, where $h(u)$ is the hook-length of the box $u\in \lambda$.
But we again get more by considering the grading on $R_n$. Namely, for a partition $\lambda\vdash n$, define the fake degree polynomial $f^{\lambda}(q)$ by $$f^{\lambda}(q) := \sum_{i \geq 0} \# \textrm{ (copies of $V_{\lambda}$ in the degree $i$ component of $R_n$)} \cdot q^i.$$ Note that $f^{\lambda}(q)$ is a $q$-analog of $f^{\lambda}$. Stanley (see Section 4 of the paper cited below and Enumerative Combinatorics, Vol. 2, 7.21.5) proved a $q$-analog of the hook-length formula: $f^{\lambda}(q) = q^{b(\lambda)} \frac{[n]!_q}{\prod_{u\in \lambda}[h(u)]}$, where $b(\lambda) := 0\lambda_1 + 1\lambda_2 + 2\lambda_3 + \cdots$. Furthermore, Lusztig gave a statistical formula for $f^{\lambda}(q)$. Namely, for an SYT $T$, a descent of $T$ is an entry $i$ for which $i+1$ is in a strictly lower row, and the major index of $T$, denoted $\mathrm{maj}(T)$, is a sum over all descents $i$ of $T$ of the value $i$. Then in unpublished work (again see Stanley's paper cited below), Lusztig showed that $f^{\lambda}(q) = \sum_{\substack{T \textrm{ a SYT}, \\ \mathrm{sh}(T) =\lambda}}q^{\mathrm{maj}(T)}$.
Now note that the decomposition $R_n \simeq \bigoplus_{\lambda \vdash n} V_{\lambda}^{f^{\lambda}}$ implies $[n]!_q = \sum_{\lambda\vdash n}f^{\lambda} \cdot f^{\lambda}(q)$, and hence due to Lusztig's result that the coefficient of $q^i$ in $[n]!_q$ is the sum over all SYT $T$ with $n$ boxes and with $\mathrm{maj}(T)=i$ of $f^{\mathrm{sh}(T)}$.
Here's where the connection to RSK comes in. Recall that the usual Robinson-Schensted (no Knuth!) algorithm is a bijection between permutations $w \in S_n$ and pairs $(P,Q)$ of n-boxed SYTs of the same shape. Usually $P$ is called the insertion tableau and $Q$ the recording tableau. It is not hard to see from the usual "insertion and bumping" description of R-S that the descents of $w$ are exactly the same as the descents of its recording tableau $Q$. In particular, their major indices are the same. Thus R-S proves bijectively that $$ \sum_{w \in S_n} q^{\mathrm{maj}(w)} = \sum_{\substack{T \textrm{ a SYT} \\ \textrm{with $n$ boxes}}} f^{\mathrm{sh}(T)} \cdot q^{\mathrm{maj}(T)},$$ where the RHS is the interpretation of $[n]!_q$ we just mentioned, and the LHS is the well-known one due to MacMahon mentioned in the original question.
Stanley, Richard P., Invariants of finite groups and their applications to combinatorics, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 1, 475-511 (1979). ZBL0497.20002.
 - $\begingroup$ Please could you add some details so that this becomes an explicit interpretation of the coefficients of the polynomial? $\endgroup$ – Mark Wildon Dec 28 '19 at 18:30
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: edited. $\endgroup$ – Sam Hopkins Dec 28 '19 at 18:45
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_: I added some info about how this coinvariant algebra stuff is somewhat connected to RSK. $\endgroup$ – Sam Hopkins Dec 29 '19 at 15:39
 - $\begingroup$ Very nice: I like the bijective proof of the identity using the major index of the recording tableaux. I've already upvoted you, but your answer deserves more. $\endgroup$ – Mark Wildon Dec 29 '19 at 18:01
For a simple but noncombinatorial proof of the unimodality of the coefficients of $[n]!_q$, see George E. Andrews, A theorem on reciprocal polynomials with applications to permutations and compositions. Amer. Math. Monthly 82 (1975), no. 8, 830–833.
 - $\begingroup$ For an even simpler proof (in my opinion, at least), see Enumerative Combinatorics, vol. 1, second ed., Exercise 1.50(c). $\endgroup$ – Richard Stanley May 14 '20 at 1:48
After posting the question, I remembered an interpretation using formal characters of representations of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ that gives the shortest proof I know that $[n]!_q$ is unimodal.
Write $1+q+\cdots + q^{j-1}$ as $q^{(j-1)/2}(q^{-(j-1)/2} + q^{-(j-3)/2} + \cdots + q^{(j-1)/2})$ and substitute $q= Q^2$ to get $Q^{j-1}(Q^{-(j-1)} + Q^{-(j-3)} + \cdots + Q^{j-1})$. Hence
$$[n]!_q = Q^{\binom{n}{2}}( Q^{-1} + Q) ( Q^{-2} + 1 + Q^2) \ldots (Q^{-(n-1)} + Q^{-(n-3)} + \cdots + Q^{n-1}).$$
Up to the power of $Q$, the right-hand side is the formal character of the tensor product of the (unique) irreducible representations of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ of dimensions $2, 3, \ldots, n$. Since any formal character is a sum of the characters of irreducible representations, and each irreducible representation has a unimodal character, this proves that $[n!]_q$ is unimodal in $Q$, and hence in $q$.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Each irreducible character is unimodal, but the sum may be non-unimodal. For example $V=V(2)+V(3)+V(3)$. Here dim$V_1=2$, dim$V_0=1=$ dim $V_2$. The even and odd parts of sum of unimodal characters would be unimodal. $\endgroup$ – ArB Oct 19 '20 at 13:20
There is a nice generalization to Catalan objects as follows.
Acyclic orientations of unit-interval graphs
Note that for the complete graph on $n$ vertices, the number of acyclic orientations weighted by ascents (edges oriented from smaller to larger label) is given by $[n]_q!$. Now, there are a Catalan number of unit interval graphs, which can be indexed by area sequences. The complete graph has area sequence $(0,1,2,\dotsc,n-1)$. The weighted sum over acyclic orientations of an unit interval graph with area sequence $(a_1,\dotsc,a_n)$ is given by the product $[a_1+1]_q\dotsb [a_n+1]_q$.
Summing all these polynomials over all $(n+1)^{-1}\binom{2n}{n}$ area sequences of length $n$ gives the $n$th Touchard-Riordan polynomial, which is defined as the sum over all perfect matchings of $2n$ vertices on a circle, weighted by


Apex Contruct
Apex Construct
Number of Players: 1
Length: Longer than your session
Difficulty: Easy to Hard
Ages: All Ages
Activity Level: Average to Moderate
Additional Notes: This has puzzles and action, the initial tutorial phase takes about 10 or so minutes.
Apex Construct is a story-driven, single player action/adventure made exclusively for VR. Wield an upgradable cyber bow & shield combination to battle enemy robots while exploring a shattered world, gradually realizing what led to the extinction of mankind.
Don't copy text!


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White, Stanford, 1853–1906, American architect, b. New York City; son of Richard Grant White. In 1872 he entered the office of Gambrill and Richardson in Boston, at the time when H. H. Richardson was at the peak of his fame. There White worked upon the design for Trinity Church, Boston. After studying in Europe, he entered (1879) into partnership with C. F. McKim and W. R. Mead, a firm that was to affect the course of American architecture over a long period. White had a passionate love of beauty; his special talents were for the decorative elements of a building and for its interior design and furnishing. He also possessed a wide knowledge of antiques. Among the buildings executed by the firm, those that are commonly ascribed as his individual accomplishments include the second Madison Square Garden, Madison Square Presbyterian Church, the New York Herald Building, Washington Arch, and the Century Club, all in New York City; only the last two still stand. These buildings illustrated his characteristic concentration upon rich and graceful effects and especially upon beautifully sculptured Renaissance ornament. White was shot and killed in Madison Square Roof Garden by Harry K. Thaw because of his love affair with Thaw's wife, Evelyn Nesbit Thaw. After his death the firm continued to design buildings in his style that later were erroneously attributed to White himself, e.g., the Harvard Club, New York City.
See biography by C. C. Baldwin (1931, repr. 1971); P. Baker, Stanny (1990); M. Broderick, Triumvirate: McKim, Mead &White (2011).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Stanford White from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Architecture: Biographies


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Overview | English Oak | Chestnut-leaved Oak | Holm Oak | The Lucombe Oak | Turner's Oak | Indian Horse Chestnut | Sweet Chestnut | Corsican Pine | Stone Pine | North American Tulip Tree | Caucasian Elm | False Acacia | Maidenhair Tree | Oriental Plane | Pagoda Tree
The false acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia, also known as the black locust tree, is an 'Old Lion' of Kew Gardens, being one of the original trees planted in the original arboretum in 1762.
The species was first introduced into the country in the 1640s by John Tradescant the Younger, a great and famous plant hunter from a very respected and recognised family. A native of the southeastern United States, it is now found widely throughout Europe, Asia and Southern Africa. Its title of false acacia may come from the thorns found at the base of young leaves, reaching close to an inch (2cm) in length. Also the leaves have a tendency to droop at night, appearing to close, similar to the acacia.
Despite its name of black locust tree, this tree has nothing to do with insects. The word locust in this case means the seed pod of the tree, which is said to resemble the grasshopper of the same name. John the Baptist, the prophet and cousin to Jesus Christ, was said to have lived in the desert on locusts and wild honey. In that case the locusts were probably the seeds of the Carob tree - Ceratonia siliqua. According to Kew Gardens' literature, the black locust tree provided John the Baptist's main nutrition while in the wilderness, but this cannot be true, as the tree was at that time confined to North America. Nevertheless, its seeds are similar to those that the hermit prophet would have eaten.
Kew's specimen tree was planted, with others, around the Temple of the Sun in the original botanic garden by the mother of George III, Princess Augusta, in 1759. It is situated close to the Princess of Wales Conservatory and, as can be guessed from its Old Lion status, is in close proximity to the other Lions, close to the maidenhair tree. It is heavily bound in iron hoops around its very distinguished trunk. The bark has the appearance of many trunks being fused together, being so deeply furrowed and gnarled. It also leans at a slight angle, a little like a dowager bent by her age. It is well suited to dry conditions and needs little moisture. Its leaves are well adapted to ensure the tree's survival, even if many of the leaves have drooped or fallen from the tree. It is a member of the Fabaceae or Legume1 family, with a height of 70 feet (52m) and a trunk of 6 feet (1.6m).
The tree is not so popular now, but in the early 1900s it was commonly used in shipbuilding, as recorded by William Cobbett, author of 'The English Gardener'. The change to iron in the shipbuilding industry seriously reduced the forestry trade, hastening the demise of this plant, amongst many others.
However, it is still prized as firewood for wood-burning stoves, as it burns slowly with little in the way of smoke or flame, but a high heat content.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Modernizing the Weather Underground website with cloud object storage
This is part 2 of the Serverless approach to Weather Underground series, describing our team's steps over the past year to modernize our Weather Underground website.
Previously, I wrote in Part 1: A serverless approach to Weather Underground about the process of creating cloud functions to modernize our Radar Map products in order to move away from legacy backend code and APIs. The next phase of this migration effort is to generate and write all resulting assets to IBM Cloud Object Storage instead of AWS S3.
This article assumes that you have working experience with JavaScript and have some familiarity with cloud terminology. To understand the context, and the serverless architecture that object storage works with, read Part 1 of this series.
Estimated time
Take 20 minutes to read the sections of this article and consider some of the tools and approaches that we used at Weather Underground. Invest more time if you want to try to work with cloud object storage in your own environment.
Using IBM Cloud Object Storage with IBM Cloud Functions
To be able to read and write files to IBM Cloud Object Storage, you need to provision Object Storage as a service at Here are the steps to create the resource:
 1. At, click Create resource.
 2. Click Storage and select Object Storage.
 3. Give service an unique name, and click Create.
Here's an example of the "Weather Labs" service that I created:
screen capture of the object storage service in resource list
Then, after you have Object Storage provisioned, you need to create a bucket. A bucket is where files are stored. In the following example, you can see that I created a bucket for each of our environments (production, development, and staging):
screen capture of buckets for the object storage service
So you have the proper permissions to read and write to the Object Storage service, you need to go to Service credential and click New credential. Here's an example of what I did:
screen capture of credentials for the object storage service
You also need to update your /.aws/ credential file with your newly created access_key_id and secret_access_key like I did in the following example:
screen capture of credential file
Now that your Cloud Object Storage is set up, you can use the ibm-cos-sdk library to refactor Cloud Functions to work with it. This library is a fork of the AWS S3 SDK, and its API is fairly compatible and similar.
Run the following command to install ibm-cos-sdk to your project:
npm install --save ibm-cos-sdk
To initialize the Cloud Object Storage client, you need to provide additional configuration info (the endpoint, the ibmAuthEndpoint, and the serviceInstanceId) like the following example:
object storage configuration
Moving vanilla JavaScript serverless functions to TypeScript
While I was porting the cloud functions code to work with cloud object storage, I found it tedious that each action was a separate project and that I couldn't share code between them. I have been itching to move the existing code to TypeScript, and this issue gives me a very good reason to do so.
I decided to refactor the ES6 code to use TypeScript instead, for better code reuse and smaller bundle file sizes. I was inspired by Van Staub's post: Building IBM Cloud Functions with TypeScript. This section describes my experience learning how to use TypeScript for Cloud Functions and the benefits.
Because node-canvas, one of the dependent libraries, does not have TypeScript support yet, I am in a holding pattern for converting one of the actions to TypeScript until TypeScript support is added for that dependent library. Hopefully, that won't be long – it looks like that PR for node-canvas is about to be merged.
First, consider the reason for moving to TypeScript. Currently, I have each of the cloud functions written in ES6, and they are housed in a separate project, which makes reusing code difficult. To deploy the function, I basically zip up the entire project and push it up to the cloud. I use the following commands:
zip -r * && bx wsk action update ${package}/intellicast-animate-action - kind nodejs:8 - memory 2048 - timeout 280000
The project structure looks something like the following example:
project structure
You can see this is a standard node application structure, and the code and packages are repeated in each project. I want to move to TypeScript for the following reasons:
 - To take advantage of TypeScript features
 - To catch issues early in development and build time
 - To leverage tools and editors (such as autocomplete and intellisense)
 - To write safer, more efficient, and reusable code
Porting cloud functions to TypeScript
By porting the existing cloud functions to TypeScript, I was able to house all of the actions and share the same cos-client.ts library file among all the actions in a single project, as you can see in the following screen capture:
project structure with TypeScript
With the following webpack.config.js file, the number of entries depends on the number actions compiled and bundled:
const path = require('path');
const CopyPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin');
const dist = 'dist'; // be aware 'dist' folder is also used for tsconfig output
module.exports = {
 entry: {
 'intellicast-action': './src/intellicast-action.ts',
 'intellicast-purge-action': './src/intellicast-purge-action.ts'
 output: {
 path: path.resolve(__dirname, dist),
 filename: '[name].js',
 module: {
 rules: [{
 test: /\.tsx?$/,
 use: 'ts-loader',
 exclude: /node_modules/
 test: /\.node$/,
 loader: "native-ext-loader"
 plugins: [
 new CopyPlugin([
 from: 'dist/cos-client.js',
 to: '../intellicast-animate-action/cos-client.js',
 toType: 'file',
 from: 'dist/params.js',
 to: '../intellicast-animate-action/params.js',
 toType: 'file',
 from: 'dist/messenger.js',
 to: '../intellicast-animate-action/messenger.js',
 toType: 'file',
 from: 'dist/intellicast-animate-action.js',
 to: '../intellicast-animate-action/index.js',
 toType: 'file',
 resolve: {
 extensions: ['.js', '.ts', '.tsx', '.json']
 mode: 'production',
 target: 'node',
 node: {
 __dirname: true
 externals: [{
 // pre-defined modules computed below
TypeScript not only helps produce a smaller codebase – it also generates a much smaller output bundle as a result of code reuse and tree shaking.
Here is the comparison between the two output file sizes:
output file sizes
Consider the TypeScript version of intellicast-action. After transpiling with tsc and bundling with Webpack magic, the output of intellicast-action.js is about 368k, as opposed to 2.8mb for the ES6 compressed version It's quite a difference in size.
Ease of deployment with manifest.yaml
I also adopted manifest.yaml for deploying the actions rather than using command lines as I have previously employed. Here is an example of my manifest.yaml file:
manifest.yaml file
Within manifest.yaml, there are references to environment variables (denoted by ${...}) for any sensitive data that the development team wants to hide from the public. I created an npm script to set up the necessary environment variables before running the deployment process with manifest.yaml. See the following example of the deploy.js script:
deploy.js script
The package.json scripts section contains the following code:
package.json scripts
If you run the following command, you see a result like the screen capture of weather-stage.
npm deploy
weather-stage actions screen capture
Benefits of typescript
If you're like me, after so many years of coding in JavaScript, sometimes it's hard to move away from it because it just feels so natural. That's why I wrote the cloud functions in JavaScript when I started working on this migration project for our Intellicast Radar Maps. As the code base grows in size, I started to feel the pain, and now I find myself repeating code because JavaScript doesn't naturally come with concept of classes, interfaces, and abstractions.
Of course, I can keep coding my cloud functions in JavaScript, but it requires a certain level of discipline as a developer to keep the code well structured and clean. More importantly, to ensure our code base remains pristine, other team members need to share the same discipline and adhere to the design pattern. Ultimately, someone needs to lay down some rules and be the gatekeeper. Otherwise the code base quickly gets out of control. I'm pretty sure we all have been there more than once throughout our programming careers!
TypeScript is a strictly typed language that serves as a guard rail by providing encapsulation and abstraction to reduce the number of common errors or bugs that get introduced by developers. We all should use unit testing, but it usually falls by the wayside due to our busy schedules. Since TypeScript is strictly typed, tools like editors can help us catch those errors (such as syntax and misspelling) early – either at development time or at build time – to avoid runtime bugs. Editors can also provide autocomplete and intellisense to help us to be more productive and efficient.
Cloud Object Storage APIs are compatible with the AWS SDK. I found that after I made the configuration and code changes that I described in this section, my Cloud Functions were able to read and write to Cloud Object Storage, and they worked as expected.
Overall, the transition from AWS S3 to


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What do science educators from Sweden, a college professor from Spain, a biology doctoral student from Portugal, business school instructors from Switzerland and the U.K., an entrepreneur from Bulgaria, architects from Turkey, and the founder of a biomimicry organization in Japan all have in common? They recently completed a one-week workshop with Biomimicry 3.8 Institute educators at Findhorn Foundation College in Forres, Scotland, and are eager to use their skills, knowledge, and enthusiasm to promote biomimicry education at their institutions and beyond.
Using an experiential learning process, participants braved frequent Scottish showers to learn some basic tools and techniques of biomimetic design, such as learning to observe nature closely, identifying functional needs, translating biological principles into design terms, and using Life's Principles to evaluate technologies and systems. The educators also shared an enormous amount of information and techniques with each other, building on the group's collective knowledge.
Our Biomimicry Educator Training workshops emphasize action, and each educator began developing plans to implement what they learned into their own curricula, programs, and organizations immediately upon their return. Following the workshop, participants have already adapted their syllabi, scheduled internal biomimicry training workshops, taught biomimicry concepts to kids at public museums, and begun work on developing biomimicry toolkits for children.
If your interest is piqued, please consider joining us for one of our next training events. We will conduct a one-day biomimicry training in Boston, MA, in June 2013, prior to our annual Biomimicry Education Summit, and are partnering with Iberoamericana University, one of our Affiliates, to conduct a Biomimicry & Design Workshop in Veracruz State, Mexico, in July 2013.


The International Society for Subterranean Biology (ISSB - SIBIOS) will provide five travel grants worth 500 euros each for attendance at the 25th ICSB. The money is intended to fund student attendance, although other young participants without other sources of funding may be considered.
The criteria for selection are:
 1. Applicants should be currently registered graduate students, recently graduated MSc or PhD students.
 2. Applications should send a letter of application to the organizers of the 25th ICSB (
 3. The application should include:
 1. An explanation of the significance of the applicant's poster or oral talk to the field of subterranean biology
 2. The title and abstract of the applicant's poster or oral talk, in any format, or the format found at
 3. A Curriculum Vitae.
The applications will be reviewed using the following criteria :
 1. Scientific quality of the poster or oral talk as shown by the abstract and the explanation of its significance
 2. Funding situation of the applicant's university or home institution
 3. Balanced geographic representation, with some preference given to more remote applicants.
© 2023 by The Green Conference. Proudly created with


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Researchers at the Monash University, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSRIO) in Australia have discovered a brand new material that can be used to efficiently capture, store, and release carbon dioxide emissions using sunlight.
The discovered material is a photosensitive metal organic framework (MOF) which can absorb large amounts of carbon, as much as one litre of gas in just one gram of the material, and then release it instantly when it is exposed to sunlight in technique known as dynamic photo-switching.
Related article: China's Smog Becoming an International Issue
The head of the research team at CSIRO, Dr Matthew Hill, describes the dynamic photo-switching technique rather like a sponge, in the way that a sponge can soak up lots of water, and then easily release it as it is squeezed out.
Existing methods for carbon capture use liquid absorbers to capture the gas. These are then heated up in order to release the captured gas where upon it is sent into storage. The whole process can use as much as 30% of the power plants production capacity.
Dr Hill describes the new technology as "an exciting development for carbon capture because concentrated solar energy can be used instead of further coal-based energy to drive the process."
By. Joao Peixe
Be the first to comment on this article.


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Here we provide NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 11 – The Ant and the Cricket (Poem), Which will very helpful for every student in their exams. Students can download the latest NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 11 pdf. Now you will get step by step solution to each question.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English Chapter 11 – The Ant and the Cricket (Poem)
The cricket says, "Oh! What will become of me?" When does he say it, and why?
The cricket said the given line when it found that its cupboard was empty and winter had arrived. It could not find a single crumb to eat on the snow covered ground and there were no flowers or leaves on the tree. It wondered what would become of it because it was getting cold and since there was nothing to eat, it would starve and die.
(i) Find in the poem the lines that mean the same as "Neither a borrower nor a lender be" (Shakespeare).
(i) The lines in the poem that mean the same as "Neither a borrower nor a lender be" are 'But we ants never borrow; we ants never lend.'
The ant tells the cricket to "dance the winter away". Do you think the word 'dance' is appropriate here? If so, why?
The ant told the cricket to "dance the winter away" because when it asked the cricket what it did in the summers and why it had not stored any food for summers, the cricket answered that it sang through the warm and sunny months of summers. Therefore, in reply to this, the ant asked the cricket to "dance" the winter away just like it "sang" all through the summers and did not bother to store food for winters.
(i) Which lines in the poem express the poet's comment? Read them aloud.
(ii) Write the comment in your own words.
(i) The lines in the poem that express the poet's comment are "Folks call this a fable. I'll warrant it true."
(ii) This comment by the poet means that this poem is indeed a fable as it had a moral behind it. The cricket did not have anything to eat during the winters because it did not bother to store some food during summers. It was negligent and sang all through the summers. The ant, on the other hand, had built a nice home for itself and had stored food so that it would not starve during winters. It worked hard during summers to achieve this. Thus, the moral of the poem is to be prepared for the adverse times and always work hard instead of being negligent.
All Chapter NCERT Solutions For Class 8 English
All Subject NCERT Solutions For Class 8
I think you got complete solutions for this chapter. If You have any queries regarding this chapter, please comment on the below section our subject teacher will answer you. We tried our best to give complete solutions so you got good marks in your exam.


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BackgroundThe shell application, which is typically Progman.exe, runs under the Domain\User security context. Most processes that start from the shell process inherit the same security context.
When you set up Windows NT services, you choose a security context for the service to be started under (because these services are typically not started by a user). To check the security being used by a service:
- Click Start, click Run, type control panel, and then double click Services.
- Select a service, and then click Startup.
Services Using The System AccountServices that use the system account start in the system context (without credentials). In Windows NT 3.5 and later, Windows NT services with no credentials (no domain name, user name, or password) that attempt to connect to network resources are denied access because they have no credentials and they are using a null session.
For additional information, click the article number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
A null session is only established when there are no credentials for a process to start under (no user name or password). Typically, only the operating system itself runs as system.
On the local computer, the operating system is known as:
Default Owner: Administrators local group
User: System pseudo group - local group scope
Groups: Administrators local group
Everyone pseudo group - local group scope
When this context is used to access the network, a null session is used. This produces the following context on remote computers:
Default Owner: Everyone
Groups: AnonymousLogon pseudo group - local group scope
Network pseudo group - local group scope
Only three identifiers can provide the null session access (Everyone, AnonymousLogon, and Network). The local system context and null session context have only the identifier Everyone in common. To configure Windows NT so that a service can access objects on its own computer directly, as well as over the network, use the Everyone identifier.
The default owners of these two contexts (as well as their default DACLs) are different. Any files you created in these contexts will be owned by Administrators. Any files you create through a null session will be owned by Everyone.
ID do Artigo: 132679 - Última Revisão: 31/10/2006 - Revisão: 1


Landing Platform Helicopter
USS Iwo Jima (LPH-2)
Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) is the hull classification used by a number of the world's navies to designate a type of amphibious warfare ship designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of helicopter carrier.
Under the NATO Standardisation Agreement (STANAG) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the Royal Navy, LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the United States Navy referred to its vessels within this classification as "Amphibious Assault Ships". Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.
The Royal Navy also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. The RN now operates one vessel that it classifies as an LPH, HMS Ocean. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its Harrier aircraft at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier HMS Illustrious also performed this role, but has now been decommissioned.
The LPH classification was used by the United States Navy for the amphibious assault ships of the Iwo Jima class, a converted Casablanca-class escort carrier and three converted Essex-class aircraft carriers. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the United States Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault ships.
Ships classified as LPH
Royal Navy
Royal Navy "Commando Carriers and "Amphibious Helicopter Carrier"s
United States Navy
Republic of Korea Navy
ROKS Dokdo
See also


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The Tix (Tk Interface Extension) module provides an additional rich set of widgets. Although the standard Tk library has many useful widgets, they are far from complete. The Tix library provides most of the commonly needed widgets that are missing from standard Tk: HList, ComboBox, Control (a.k.a. SpinBox) and an assortment of scrollable widgets. Tix also includes many more widgets that are generally useful in a wide range of applications: NoteBook, FileEntry, PanedWindow, etc; there are more than 40 of them.
With all these new widgets, you can introduce new interaction techniques into applications, creating more useful and more intuitive user interfaces. You can design your application by choosing the most appropriate widgets to match the special needs of your application and users.
Toplevel widget of Tix which represents mostly the main window of an application. It has an associated Tcl interpreter.
Classes in the Tix module subclasses the classes in the Tkinter module. The former imports the latter, so to use Tix with Tkinter, all you need to do is to import one module. In general, you can just import Tix, and replace the toplevel call to Tkinter.Tk with Tix.Tk:
import Tix from Tkconstants import * root = Tix.Tk()
import Tix root = Tix.Tk() root.tk.eval('package require Tix')
If this fails, you have a Tk installation problem which must be resolved before proceeding. Use the environment variable TIX_LIBRARY to point to the installed Tix library directory, and make sure you have the dynamic object library (tix8183.dll or libtix8183.so) in the same directory that contains your Tk dynamic object library (tk8183.dll or libtk8183.so). The directory with the dynamic object library should also have a file called pkgIndex.tcl (case sensitive), which contains the line:
package ifneeded Tix 8.1 [list load "[file join $dir tix8183.dll]" Tix]
A Balloon that pops up over a widget to provide help. When the user moves the cursor inside a widget to which a Balloon widget has been bound, a small pop-up window with a descriptive message will be shown on the screen.
The ButtonBox widget creates a box of buttons, such as is commonly used for Ok Cancel.
The ComboBox widget is similar to the combo box control in MS Windows. The user can select a choice by either typing in the entry subwdget or selecting from the listbox subwidget.
The Control widget is also known as the SpinBox widget. The user can adjust the value by pressing the two arrow buttons or by entering the value directly into the entry. The new value will be checked against the user-defined upper and lower limits.
The LabelEntry widget packages an entry widget and a label into one mega widget. It can be used be used to simplify the creation of "entry-form" type of interface.
The LabelFrame widget packages a frame widget and a label into one mega widget. To create widgets inside a LabelFrame widget, one creates the new widgets relative to the frame subwidget and manage them inside the frame subwidget.
The Meter widget can be used to show the progress of a background job which may take a long time to execute.
The Select widget is a container of button subwidgets. It can be used to provide radio-box or check-box style of selection options for the user.
The DirList widget displays a list view of a directory, its previous directories and its sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in the list or change to another directory.
The DirTree widget displays a tree view of a directory, its previous directories and its sub-directories. The user can choose one of the directories displayed in the list or change to another directory.
The DirSelectDialog widget presents the directories in the file system in a dialog window. The user can use this dialog window to navigate through the file system to select the desired directory.
The DirSelectBox is similar to the standard Motif(TM) directory-selection box. It is generally used for the user to choose a directory. DirSelectBox stores the directories mostly recently selected into a ComboBox widget so that they can be quickly selected again.
The ExFileSelectBox widget is usually embedded in a tixExFileSelectDialog widget. It provides an convenient method for the user to select files. The style of the ExFileSelectBox widget is very similar to the standard file dialog on MS Windows 3.1.
The FileSelectBox is similar to the standard Motif(TM) file-selection box. It is generally used for the user to choose a file. FileSelectBox stores the files mostly recently selected into a ComboBox widget so that they can be quickly selected again.
The HList widget can be used to display any data that have a hierarchical structure, for example, file system directory trees. The list entries are indented and connected by branch lines according to their places in the hierarchy.
The CheckList widget displays a list of items to be selected by the user. CheckList acts similarly to the Tk checkbutton or radiobutton widgets, except it is capable of handling many more items than checkbuttons or radiobuttons.
The TList widget can be used to display data in a tabular format. The list entries of a TList widget are similar to the entries in the Tk listbox widget. The main differences are (1) the TList widget can display the list entries in a two dimensional format and (2) you can use graphical images as well as multiple colors and fonts for the list entries.
The PanedWindow widget allows the user to interactively manipulate the sizes of several panes. The panes can be arranged either vertically or horizontally. The user changes the sizes of the panes by dragging the resize handle between two panes.
The ListNoteBook widget is very similar to the TixNoteBook widget: it can be used to display many windows in a limited space using a notebook metaphor. The notebook is divided into a stack of pages (windows). At one time only one of these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by choosing the name of the desired page in the hlist subwidget.
The NoteBook widget can be used to display many windows in a limited space using a notebook metaphor. The notebook is divided into a stack of pages. At one time only one of these pages can be shown. The user can navigate through these pages by choosing the visual "tabs" at the top of the NoteBook widget.
The Tix module adds:
The tix commands provide access to miscellaneous elements of Tix's internal state and the Tix application context. Most of the information manipulated by these methods pertains to the application as a whole, or to a screen or display, rather than to a particular window.
To view the current settings, the common usage is:
import Tix root = Tix.Tk() print root.tix_configure()
Query or modify the configuration options of the Tix application context. If no option is specified, returns a dictionary all of the available options. If option is specified with no value, then the method returns a list describing the one named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no option is specified). If one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the method modifies the given option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the method returns an empty string. Option may be any of the configuration options.
Returns the current value of the configuration option given by option. Option may be any of the configuration options.
Locates a bitmap file of the name name.xpm or name in one of the bitmap directories (see the tix_addbitmapdir() method). By using tix_getbitmap(), you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the bitmap files in your application. When successful, it returns the complete pathname of the bitmap file, prefixed with the character @. The returned value can be used to configure the bitmap option of the Tk and Tix widgets.
Tix maintains a list of directories under which the tix_getimage() and tix_getbitmap() methods will search for image files. The standard bitmap directory is $TIX_LIBRARY/bitmaps. The tix_addbitmapdir() method adds directory into this list. By using this method, the image files of an applications can also be located using the tix_getimage() or tix_getbitmap() method.
Returns the file selection dialog that may be shared among different calls from this application. This method will create a file selection dialog widget when it is called the first time. This dialog will be returned by all subsequent calls to tix_filedialog(). An optional dlgclass parameter can be passed as a string to specified what type of file selection dialog widget is desired. Possible options are tix, FileSelectDialog or tixExFileSelectDialog.
Locates an image file of the name name.xpm, name.xbm or name.ppm in one of the bitmap directories (see the tix_addbitmapdir() method above). If more than one file with the same name (but different extensions) exist, then the image type is chosen according to the depth of the X display: xbm images are chosen on monochrome displays and color images are chosen on color displays. By using tix_getimage(), you can avoid hard coding the pathnames of the image files in your application. When successful, this method returns the name of the newly created image, which can be used to configure the image option of the Tk and Tix widgets.
Gets the options maintained by the Tix scheme mechanism.
Resets the scheme and fontset of the Tix application to newScheme and newFontSet, respectively. This affects only those widgets created after this


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Walden Woods is the 2,680-acre landscape 18 miles west of Boston that inspired Henry David Thoreau. Even if you never visit Walden Woods, you can sense the importance of protecting the place that cradled Thoreau's philosophies and led to the American land ethic, the modern conservation movement, and our national parks system.
Conserving that landscape is a fundamental mission of the Walden Woods Project. We manage nearly 170 acres within Walden Woods and work to ensure that this national treasure remains a model of preservation and conservation to inspire an international ethic of environmental stewardship for generations to come. We believe that every community has a "Walden."


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Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me
Though many restaurants offer vegetarian options, finding a true blue vegetarian restaurant can make all the difference in finding a variety of meals that can suit your lifestyle and beliefs. Some individuals choose the vegetarian way of life for health reasons, while others adopt the diet due to moral beliefs or religions. Whatever the reason, it's a great lifestyle that has many health and ecological benefits.
Are you interested in finding a vegetarian restaurant near you? Simply browse vegetarian restaurants near me on the map below and find a list of vegetarian restaurants located in close proximity to your current location. Need a bit more information on vegetarian restaurants? Read on for interesting facts, trivia, and more!
Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me – Find it on the Map
Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me – Vegetarian Restaurants Trivia
When did vegetarianism start?
In the present day, it's not unusual for someone to adopt a vegetarian or vegan diet. In fact, it's one of the most popular food related lifestyle changes that many individuals choose to make. The question is, when did vegetarianism first start and for what reasons? Did the ideals of early vegetarians match the ideas of those in the modern day? Consider these facts as you search vegetarian restaurants near me. According to many historians, vegetarianism first found favor with many great figures of the classical world in 500 BCE. Most notably was renowned vegetarian and mathematician, Pythagoras. Pythagoras was a known independent thinker who formed his own ideas and opinions rather than caving to public pressures or popular opinion. He was the first to argue that women were on equal ground intellectually and the first to to teach openly that all animals should be treated as kindred spirits. In his teachings of animal kindness, Pythagoras asked that people abstain from eating meat. This concept partly mirrored the traditions of earlier civilizations such as Babylonia and Egypt. The vegetarian ideology was practiced among many religious groups in Egypt around 3,200 BCE, with many abstaining from flesh or wearing animal derived clothing. This was due to a karmic believe in reincarnation.
Which religion has always included vegetarianism?
Many religions have always involved some degree of vegetarianism, due to a belief in reincarnation and the soul's cycle of on this plane and in many others. One religion where vegetarianism has always been prominent is Buddhism. In Buddhism, compassion for all living creatures is a central belief. It is believed that all souls are equal, but not necessarily eternal. They believe that both humans and animals possess a Buddha-nature, therefore each of the potential to become enlightened. Buddhists believe that reincarnation holds for both humans and animals. All creatures are on a path to purification and enlightenment. Because of this regard for animal life and the sacred nature of the soul itself, Buddhists abstain from eating any kind of animal flesh.As you search vegetarian restaurants near me, consider why you decided to adopt the vegetarian lifestyle. Was it a moral choice or a way to adopt better eating habits?
Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me – Vegetarian Restaurants Facts
A Healthy Choice
Though many vegetarians adopt the diet out of moral beliefs and religion, many also adopt vegetarianism out of a desire to lead a healthier life. According to some doctors, a vegetarian diet has the potential to increase the body's metabolism. This can help the body to burn fat calories a whopping sixteen percent faster than the body of someone who consumes meat at every meal or on a daily basis. Many vegetarians also consume a greater amount of vegetables that are high in vitamins and minerals that can help give your body a healthy boost. The only vitamin that many vegetarians don't garner enough of in their diet is B12. This is one of the few nutrients that comes only from animal sources. Vitamin B12 deficiency can be tied to weakening bones, drops in energy, and hormonal imbalances. Of course, you can always supplement your vegetarian diet with B12 supplements or ask a doctor about receiving weekly B12 shots or a prescription strength vitamin. When you first start your vegetarian diet, make sure you are eating balanced meals that included some kind of protein (even in the form of tofu or soy), fiber, and a blend of vegetables, fruits or grains. If you're searching vegetarian restaurants near me, know that many vegetarian meals are curated to meet nutritional needs, though this isn't true of restaurants that are are not strictly vegetarian but offer a few vegetarian dishes.
An IQ Link To Vegetarianism?
While searching vegetarian restaurants near me, you likely aren't too inclined to consider just how your IQ might affect your dietary choices. However, some researchers are saying there most certainly is a link. British researchers have found that a children's IQ can predict their likelihood of becoming vegetarians as adults and young adults. This can also lower their risk for a cardiovascular disease in the process. According to the study, the higher a child's IQ was, the more likely they were to become a vegetarian later in life. Those with lower IQs were less apt to adopt a vegetarian diet or to even peer into the lifestyle choice. The connection could possibly be linked to an individual's ability to logic and reason, as well as their interest and education on social causes. All of these factors likely contribute to why one would adopt a vegetarian lifestyle given a higher IQ.


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As an art form, street art has had a stylistic resurgence during the past decade, but art as the signification of communication over public space is hardly a new idea, especially in Latino communities (Davillla 95). In looking beyond the aesthetic nature of graffiti and public murals, and by looking at its communicative attributes, graffiti and public art space can be analyzed as site-specific literacies that are read and written within the social contexts of the communities that surround them.
Public art has a strong cultural backbone in Latino communities, one that has translated into East Harlem or "El Barrio's" rich history in public murals. These murals offer a platform for public discourse, and of course, one representation of the mural is the memorial mural that was once a common sight in El Barrio. In Martha Cooper's and Joseph Sciorra's book, RIP Memorial Wall Art, they write, "Latino artists play a predominant role in the development of the New York memorial tradition… the strong Latino presence reveals a historic precedent for the memorial tradition. The walls are updated version of roadside crosses" (Cooper and Sciorra 10).
This project is an exploration of the public dialogues that are negotiated by murals in East Harlem, NYC. Data was collected by walking the neighborhood, and by documenting the information as it was laid out for me. By looking at the mural as a mode of negotiated space within the community, and the discrepancies between the dialogues that surround them, one can begin to see the inkling of networks across institutions, places, and personal perceptions and memories that help lay out both the physical landscape of East Harlem, and the perceptions of the community that inhabits it.
Cooper, Martha and Joseph Sciorra. RIP: Memorial Wall Art. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1992. Print.
Davila, Arlene. "The Marketable Neighborhood: Commercial Latinidad in New York's East Harlem". MediaSpace: place, scale, and culture in a media age. Psychology Press, 2004. Print.


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Posted on: March 19th, 2019 | By Candy, WayKen Marketing Manager
New product development phase often requires small quantities of trial production and production solutions for design verification, market evaluation. This demand may be dozens, or only one part of the demand.
Automotive development is one typical example in which small initial quantities are needed for validation procedures. There is no doubt that this critical requirement has been a great challenge for parts manufacturers. When the client comes to order a few dozen pieces, it's often hard to respond, which is why auto suppliers frequently have to turn to custom machined solutions. The clients are in demand of manufacturers who are specialized in custom machining services.
Though traditional, long-lived tools are expensive and are generally not viable for small batch production situations that require only low-volume demands. Professional rapid prototyping companies tend to be the fastest to understand the needs of designers and provide customized machining services to meet the needs of small quantities or even a single part.
Custom Machining Methods and Strategies
Rapid manufacturing technologies are developed to shorten the development cycle of new products at low cost.
1. CNC machining
CNC machining is a CNC machine tool by number of the program with a piece of engraving and milling. CNC milling machine is specially used to process some square, irregular objects, while the lathe is a round object. CNC can process some large workpieces. The maximum can reach 1800*900*600. CNC machining can be a relatively high precision product samples, applied materials mainly include ABS, PC, PMMA, PP, aluminum, copper, etc., often used in making fixture products such as bakelite and aluminum alloy; CNC machining advantage: good toughness, high tension, low cost, and wide selectivity.
When you need to hold tight tolerance(±0.05mm), and when you must have your parts in a specific material, such as metal or the CNC plastic, the services of CNC prototyping are ideal.
2. Vacuum casting
Vacuum casting is wildly used for custom machined parts. The silicone mold has good toughness, there is no draft consideration for silicon mold as it is one of the simplest ways in the rapid tools, with good flexibility and replication performance. It is suitable for low volume trial system to meet certain functional requirements during product development.
Using CNC prototype, silicone mold was produced under the vacuum state, and casting in vacuum by using PU materials, compared to the original sample the casting parts can own a high-temperature resistance, strength, hardness and good copy. If the customer requests a few sets or dozens of sets, it is appropriate to use this method, which greatly reduces the production cost and production cycle.
Vacuum casting parts usually have the feature of shrinkage, generally ±0.25mm/100mm. The cost of casting parts usually is lower than that of CNC machined parts.
3. Rapid tooling for injection molding low volume costumed parts
Rapid injection mold materials are mainly soft steel (for example, P-20) and aluminum (such as 7075 T-6 Aerospace grade aluminum). Compare with hard steel, it can increase the processing speed by 15% to 30%, and the polishing time can be lifted up 3 to 10 times faster with lighter weight, so as to reduce the cost of making mold and shortens the cycle. In addition, rapid aluminum tool facilitates temperature control, allowing faster cycle times and eliminating plastic stress. These materials can be milled to final shape rather than being ground, which cut time and save money as a result. Aluminum has different thermal properties than steel, which must be taken into consideration, but this feature can also cuts costs by eliminating the need for cooling galleries.
Compared with ordinary steel mold, the two materials make almost the same surface quality. The lifespan of aluminum mold is related to the complexity of the product, although far lower than the steel mold, but also can achieve no less than 1000 times of service life, which is more than enough for the initial loading test.
4. SLA / SLS
SLA Prototyping/SLS Prototyping is also known as solid free form fabrication, an additive layering process. A three-dimensional computer model of a part is sliced into layers by the computer program, each slice is fed to a processor in turning laser directs in X and Y axis directions, mean time controlling the beam output power, and cure or sinter through either UV laser (SLA) or CO2 laser (SLS). After the slice is completed the system's build mechanism vertically reposition incrementally (Z vector), usually between 0.1 mm per layer. This process is repeated until the vertical height of the part is completed. Building time can range from one hour to many hours depending upon the part volume and height.
Post Finish used for Customed Machined Parts
Post finish is one important process for customed machined parts which need rich experiences, including includes manual handling, spray painting (high-gloss, matt, metal paint, rubber paint, pearlescent paint, etc.), silk printing, sandblasting, polishing, electroplating (vacuum plating, water plating), etc.
Manual processing: Polish and fit the samples made, and assemble the parts into a finished product.
Spraypaint: Spray color according to customer's requirement.
Silk-screen: Print a word or pattern on a sample.
Plating: To make the product more eye-catching, apply the color of the product, which must be very smooth and without impurities, and then soak in the potion. Water - plated features: not easy to scratch, not easy to fade, not bright, the materials needed to withstand high temperature. Vacuum plating features: very bright, and easy to scratch and fade.
Anodizing: The surface of aluminum is oxidized, forming a layer of film, not easy to scratch, not easy to corrode.
UV: Spray a layer of transparent oil on the surface of the sample and dry it with ultraviolet light. The product is brighter and not easy to scratch.
Sanding and polishing: Remove product defects such as a burr, machine line and adhesive mark from the product surface.
Why you Choose CNC Rapid Prototyping Technology?
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) prototype machining is optimal for one-off custom parts and is available in cutting virtually any block material directly according to 3D CAD data. The CNC machined parts can either do certain functional testing or simulate the final product form, including the function form, surface morphology, etc. With a certain intensity of material (such as ABS, PC, etc.), finally it can produce contained the internal structure of the functional model, to test the product structure is reasonable, wall thickness is in accordance with the requirements, the moving parts is smooth, etc.
When you need to hold tight tolerance (±0.05mm), or when you must have your parts in a specific material, such as metal or the CNC plastic, CNC prototyping services are great ideal.
Automotive lighting is the industry widely use CNC rapid prototyping. CNC headlamp prototype machining is characterized as high precision, fast response and short cycle (1-2 weeks of delivery), which makes it possible to machine complex shapes in one piece of material. Usually, in concept stage (conceptual stage) and engineering stage (engineering design stage), it is necessary to make an appearance or function model for a part of the headlight, such as a light pipe or a reflector cup. This demand often requires the ability to produce high-precision prototypes in the shortest cycles with real materials, and CNC is the best choice.
Due to the complicated structure of the lamp, there are many optical details and undercuts, and even high-precision 5-axis CNC can't process the whole part all at once. CNC programming engineers, who have rich experience in prototype lamp manufacturing, need to analyze the feasibility of machining after obtaining the drawings of the lamp design. For those parts that can't be processed integrally, they need to provide the solution for disassembly processing, especially for critical surfaces.
In the later stage of prototype production, deburring, polishing, bonding and painting, and other handmade post-processing work is particularly important, will directly determine the final appearance.


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Moving beyond superheroes to tell his people's story.
Artist and writer Will Eisner did not invent the graphic novel, but he was among the first to apply the convention of comics to novel-length stories.
Eisner was born in Brooklyn in 1917, the son of Austrian Jewish immigrants.
His father, a renowned church painter in Europe, first painted sets for theatres after moving to New York. Eventually, to better provide for his family, he opened a retail store.
When that business prospered, the Eisners moved to the quieter, more affluent, and relatively more suburban Bronx. They left a neighborhood that was nearly all Jewish, and moved into an area with a more varied ethnic makeup of Irish, Italian, and Eastern European presences.
Eisner's experiences from his youth created a tableau for many of the recurring themes in his work: new immigrants, crooked landlords and store-owners, salesmen with wandering eyes, and housewives with wandering affections. Eisner watched these seedy characters, absorbed their stories, and used them later in life to paint vivid character portraits.
Even as a child, Eisner was a gifted artist. At a young age, his father took Will to drawing lessons at an inexpensive art school. When the school turned out to be a fraud -- the "school" was a machine that was attached to the student's arm in order to draw shapes -- the senior Eisner didn't give up. He was determined to find a suitable place for Will to develop his skill.
That "suitable place" ended up being their apartment. Self-taught, Will sold his first cartoon in 1936 to Wow What a Magazine. Soon thereafter, he joined one of the many assembly-line comic art studios springing up all over lower Manhattan. There, he met and collaborated with many of the era's finest talents--among them, Jack Kirby (co-creator of Spider-Man and The Eternals) and Max Gaines (Wonder Woman, Famous Funnies).
Eisner became so successful that he and cartoonist Jerry Iger created their own studio in 1936. They hired a new team and began to produce high quality work, quickly. In 1939, the two had an amicable split. Eisner ended up selling his half of the studio and started work on his own ventures.
Though the overwhelming majority of early comic book creators were Jewish, anti-Semitism still persisted in the industry. Eisner had experienced anti-Semitism in his youth--the kind that provoked street fights in his neighborhood. In the workplace, Eisner encountered people who tried to stop him and other Jews from getting ahead.
When Eisner didn't give Bob Powell, creator of Sheena, Queen of the Jungle, permission to leave his company, Powell accused Eisner of pulling a "Jew trick." In his early career, Eisner also did business with several publishers and businessmen who, seeing him as an uneducated child of immigrants, attempted to steal his creations and claim them as their property.


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11. Doppler's Effect
When a car at rest on a road sounds its high frequency horn and you are also standing on the road near by, you'll hear the sound of same frequency it is sounding but when the car approaches you with its horn sounding, the pitch (frequency) of its sound seems to drop as the car passes. This phenomenon was first described by an Australian Scientist Christian Doppler, is called the Doppler effect, He explained that when a source of sound and a listener are in motion relative to each other, the frequency of the sound heard by the listener is not the same as the source frequency. Lets discuss the Doppler effect in detail for different cases.
11.1 Stationary Source and Stationary Observer
Figure shown a stationary sources of frequency n0 which produces sound waves in air of wavelength l0 given as
[v = speed of sound in air]
Although sound waves are longitudinal, here we represent sound weaves by the transverse displacement curve as shown in figure to understand the concept in a better way. As source produces waves, these waves travel towards, stationary observer O in the medium (air) with speed v and wavelength l0. As observer is at rest here it will observe the same wavelength l0 is approaching it with speed v so it will listen the frequency n given as
[same as that of source]...(1)
This is why when a stationary observer list ends the sound from a stationary source of sound, it detects the same frequency sound which the source is producting. Thus no Doppler effect takes place if there is no relative motion between source and observer.
11.2 Stationary Source and Moving Observer
Figure shown the case when a stationary sources of frequency n0 produces sound waves which have wavelength in air given as
These waves travel toward moving observer with velocity v0 towards, the source. When sound waves approach observer, it will receive the waves of wavelength l0 with speed v v0 (relative speed). Thus the frequency of sound heard by observer can be given as
Apparent frequency nap =
Similarly we can say that if the observer is receding away from the source the apparent frequency heard by the observer will be given as
11.3 Moving Source and Stationary Observer
Figure shows the situation when a moving source S of frequency n0 produces sound waves in medium (air) and the waves travel toward observer with velocity v.
Here if we carefully look at the initial situation when source starts moving with velocity vs as well as it starts producting waves. The period of one oscillation is sec and in this duration source emits one wavelength l0 in the direction of propagation of waves with speed v, but in this duration the source will also move forward by a distance vs. Thus the effective wavelength of emitted sound in air is slightly compressed by this distance as shown in figure. This is termed as apparent wavelength of sound in medium (air) by the moving source. This is given as
Apparent wavelength...(1)
Now this wavelength will approach observer with speed v ( O is at rest). Thus the frequency of sound heard by observer can be given as
= =...(2)
Similarly if source is receding away from observer, the apparent wavelength emitted by source in air toward observer will be slightly expanded and the apparent frequency heard by the stationary observer can be given as
11.4 Moving Source and Moving Observer
Let us consider the situation when both source and observer are moving in same direction as shown in figure at speeds vs and v0 respectively.
In this case the apparent wavelength emitted by the source behind it is given as
Now this wavelength will approach the observer at relative speed v v0 thus the apparent frequency of sound heard by the observer is given as
By looking at the expression of apparent frequency given by equation, we can easily develop a general relation for finding the apparent frequency heard by a moving observer due to a moving source as
Here + and - signs are chosen according to the direction of motion of source and observer. The sign convention related to the motion direction can be stated as :
(i) For both source and observer v0 and vs are taken in equation with -ve sign if they are moving in the direction of i.e. the direction of propagation of sound from source to observer.
(ii) For both source and observer v0 and vs are taken in equation (2) with ve sign if they are moving in the direction opposite to i.e. opposite to the direction of propagation of sound from source to observer.
11.5 Doppler Effect in Reflected Sound
When a car is moving toward a stationary wall as shown in figure. If the car sounds a horn, wave travels towards the wall and is reflected from the wall. When the reflected wave is heard by the driver, it appears to be of relatively high pitch. If we wish to measure the frequency of reflected sound then the problem must be handled in two steps.
First we treat the stationary wall as stationary observer and car as a moving source of sound of frequency n0. In this case the frequency received by the wall is given as
Now wall reflects this frequency and behaves like a stationary source of sound of frequency n1 and car (driver) behave like a moving observer with velocity vc. Here the apparent frequency heard by the car driver can be given as
= = (2)
Same problem can also be solved in a different manner by using method of sound images. In this procedure we assume the image of the sound source behind the reflector. In previous example we can explain this by situation shown in figure.
Here we assume that the sound which is reflected by the stationary wall is coming from the image of car which is at the back of it and coming toward it with velocity vc. Now the frequency of sound heard by car driver can directly be given as
nap = n0...(3)
This method of images for solving problems of Doppler effect is very convenient but is used only for velocities of source and observer which are very small compared to the speed of sound and it should not be used frequently when the reflector of sound is moving.
11.6 Doppler's Effect for Accelerated Motion
For the case of a moving source and a moving observer, we known the apparent frequency observer can be given as
Here v is the velocity of sound and v0 and vs are the velocity of observer and source respectively.
When a source of observer has accelerated or retarded motion then in equation (4) we use that value of v0 at which observer receives the sound and for source, we use that value of vs at which it has emitted the wave.
The alternative method of solving this case is by the traditional method of compressing or expending wavelength of sound by motion of source and using relative velocity of sound with respect to observer
11.7 Doppler's Effect when Source and Observer are not in Same Line of Motion
Consider the situation shown in figure. Two cars 1 and 2 are moving along perpendicular roads at speed v1 and v2. When car - 1 sound a horn of frequency n0, it emits sound in all directions and say car - 2 is at the position, shown in figure. when it receives the sound. In such cases we use velocity components of the cars along the line joining the source and observer thus the apparent frequency of sound heard by car-2 can be given as


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Nov. 10, 2010 Researchers at the University of Derby and colleagues at the University of Cambridge believe they have found which species has the largest testicles in relation to body weight on the planet -- and why!
Yet the research team also discovered that large testes did not necessarily relate to a larger amount of sperm produced -- which goes against traditional thinking in the science world.
Biologists at the University of Derby, which led the research project, say that the Tuberous Bushcricket (Platycleis affinis) produces testes which are 14% of the male body mass, according to research published November 9 in Biology Letters, a Royal Society Journal.
It compares to a species of fruit fly (Drosophila bifurca), whose testes to body weight ratio has been recorded as 10.6%.
Lead researcher Dr Karim Vahed, Reader in Behavioural Ecology at the University of Derby, said: "We couldn't believe the size of these organs, they seemed to fill the entire abdomen.
"We are also interested in the reason why they are so large. An almost universal evolutionary rule appears to be that such variation in relative testes size is linked to female mating behaviour; testes tend to be larger in species where females are more promiscuous, as has been demonstrated in various species in fish, birds, insects and mammals.
"But at least two hypotheses could account for this pattern -- sperm competition on the one hand and male mating rate on the other.
"Yet our study appears to be the first study to show that, in the case of the Tuberous Bushcricket, bigger testes don't necessarily produce more sperm per ejaculate."
As part of the Derby-led study, Dr Vahed, Darren Parker (a recent Derby Biology graduate now studying a PhD at St Andrews University) and Dr James Gilbert at the University of Cambridge, compared relative testes size across 21 species of bushcricket. As with other studies, they found testes were proportionately larger in species where females mated with more males -- female Tuberous bushcrickets mate with up to 23 different males in their two-month adult life.
However, the surprise was that the Tuberous Bushcricket did not produce more sperm: in fact they produced less voluminous ejaculates.
Dr Gilbert said: "Traditionally it has been pretty safe to assume that when females are promiscuous, males use monstrously-sized testicles to deliver huge numbers of sperm to swamp the competition -- even in primates. Our study shows that we have to rethink this assumption. It looks as though the testes may be that big simply to allow males to mate repeatedly without their sperm reserves being exhausted."
Dr Vahed said: "This strongly suggests that extra large testes in bushcrickets allow males to transfer relatively small ejaculates to a greater number of females. Males don't put all their eggs (or rather sperm!) in one basket."
Traditionally, the assumption is that larger testes produce more sperm per ejaculate and thereby provide males with an advantage in sperm competition (when males are vying for the fertilisation of the female's eggs).
Sperm competition is most intense when the female of the species mates with many males; the male that has produced the most sperm is often assumed to be at an advantage, hence the development of larger testes in such species.
But more promiscuous females also increase the number of mating opportunities available for the male. It is therefore possible that larger testes have evolved in more polyandrous species because they allow an increased rate of ejaculate production, enabling the male to engage in a greater number of successive matings, as indicated by this latest study.
The researchers suggest these findings offer food for thought about the links between endowment, promiscuity and reproduction within insects in the biological world.
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A type of grammar that represents a sentence as a series of states and possible continuations, augmented with rules for such matters as word agreement.
More example sentences
- The approach adopted is to establish a relationship between this grammar and the augmented transition network, which is known to be as powerful as a Turing machine.
- These augmented transition networks have already been successfully used since the 1970s for automatic language generation.
- An abstract semantic model called augmented transition network to model multimedia presentations is proposed.


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Chinese geologist Fan Xiao links the recent Ya'an earthquake in China to the massive Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, which may have been induced by the filling of the Zipingpu reservoir. Now scientists warn that more earthquakes can be expected in this seismically active region, and that the government's large dams plans may contribute to these disasters.
On March 22 – World Water Day – a Ngäbe-Bugle indigenous man named Onesimo Rodriguez was found murdered, his body left in a nearby stream, after attending a protest rally against the 28.84 MW Barro Blanco Hydroelectric Project in western Panama. Tensions have been mounting in recent years as the dam draws closer to completion, despite the unresolved issues around the dam's impacts and the poor stakeholder consultation processes led by the project's proponents.
Photojournalist Rick Gerharter visited the Ngäbe-Buglé communities in Panama in February. His delegation documented their stories and the potential impacts of the Barro Blanco Dam, which if completed, would flood the lands and threaten the livelihoods of over 5,000 indigenous inhabitants. Last Friday, a member of the Ngobe community was murdered and one left seriously injured after a protest against the dam and its human rights violations.
The Amur-Heilong River is one of the world's ten largest rivers. It is also one of the last free-flowing rivers left on the planet. While few have heard of it, the Amur has incredible global significance. It traverses a diverse range of forest, grassland and taiga ecosystems that support at least 2,800 plant and 500 animal species on the Russian side alone.
In 2003, a group of brave NGO activists, journalists and academics set out to protect one of Asia's last largely free-flowing river – the Nujiang (or the "Angry River," also known as the Salween) – from 13 planned dams. Dr. Yu Xiaogang, Goldman Prize winner and director of the Yunnan-based Green Watershed, was one of them.
After years of overfishing and rampant dam-building, a senior fisheries expert with the Chinese Academy of Sciences has spoken out against the ecological threats facing the Yangtze River by calling for a 10-year fishing moratorium and joining environmentalists in decrying the proposed Xiaonanhai Dam.
In less than a week, world leaders, government negotiators, industry and civil society will converge on Doha, Qatar for COP18 to discuss how the global community can get ourselves out of the current climate mess. A new Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) policy brief argues that the Clean Development Mechanism should not be one of those solutions.
The High-Level Panel for the Clean Development Mechanism presented its final recommendations on Sept 10. Despite an oversupply of credits and waning confidence in the CDM, the report presented an optimistic view of the CDM's future, while failing to recommend concrete solutions to address some of its fundamental flaws.
The Gibe III Dam (now about half complete) is being built with Chinese support and financing. International Rivers released the story to our Chinese audiences to raise their awareness of the global footprint of their country's dam builders and financial institutions. Meanwhile, Chinese audiences may see many similarities between the Ethiopian dam and development projects within China.
The theme for this year's World Water Week is Water and Food Security, which means that many – particularly within the dam industry – will be calling for more dams to provide water storage and energy. Dams, and particularly multi-purpose dams (which are meant to provide some combination of electricity, water supply and flood control), are "back in fashion"
While scientists have known for decades that tropical reservoirs are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, new research from Washington State University-Vancouver has revealed that temperate reservoirs can produce a significant surge in emissions during certain times in their operation.
Over a dozen World Heritage Sites threatened by planned or existing dams were reviewed at this year's World Heritage Committee meeting, held in St. Petersburg, Russia. While the Committee's decisions showed clear recognition of the threat that dam building poses to the natural and cultural heritage embodied by these sites, it failed to protect one of the most dam-threatened properties: Lake Turkana in Kenya.
As the last of the turbines at China's Three Gorges Dam was connected to the grid on Wednesday, a dams debate rages over the fate of the Upper Yangtze River and its main western tributary, the Jinsha River.
China's largest and the world's third largest river, the Yangtze, is home to some of China's most important freshwater species. The Yangtze used to contribute to 70% of China's freshwater catch annually. However, aggressive hydropower development has reduced the size and degraded the quality of this aquatic haven.
What started as an international effort to save Ramesses II's Abu Simbel temple from the waters of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt – by relocating the temple piece by piece – is now a UN convention that seeks to prevent the destruction of precious cultural and natural heritage sites before it starts. 40 years later, local groups are closely monitoring the World Heritage Convention, and how far its stakeholders are willing to go to address serious threats to these sites like large dam development.
Researchers argue that tropical reservoirs in Brazil are a "methane factory, continuously removing carbon from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and returning it as methane, with a much greater impact on global warming."
Scientists in China have discovered the world's fifth species of snub-nosed monkey in the Nu River Valley. More widely known as the Myanmar Snub-nosed Monkey since it was first discovered in northeast Burma, this rare species has been dubbed the "Nu River snub-nosed monkey" in Chinese by scientists, who confirmed their relation to the Burmese species through a DNA analysis of their excrement collected near the Nu River in Yunnan province. However, only 300 individuals may be left. Among the threats to their habitats are poaching, logging, road construction, and other intrusive human activities. While nature reserves protect many of its natural habitats, they have not entirely dissuaded both public and private enterprises from developing in this fragile region.
Children by the Salween River in Thailand, International Day of Action for Rivers 2012Hundreds of kilometers downstream from where I was this time last year, on this International Day of Action for Rivers it became clear to me that a major reason why communities in Burma and Thailand are opposed to dam building on the Salween River is because of their children.Half of those gathered on March 14 along the Salween's banks in a small village in Thailand were kids. Dressed in traditional attire, they danced and sang for an audience of over 200 villagers, artists, activists, journalists, and experts from Thailand, Burma and China. They lit candles that formed a river in the sand. They prayed with Buddhist monks. For me, the abstract phrase "rivers for the future" suddenly became grounded in real concerns: Where would the children go to school if they were displaced by the proposed Salween dams? What jobs could children fleeing the conflict spurred by these dams in Burma get if they lived undocumented in Thailand? Would they have land to farm and fish to catch? What is truly lost when they lose their ties to their birthplace?
Mount Kawagebohttp://nomadchina.wordpress.comMount Kawagebo (or Kawagarbo) rises 6,740 meters above sea level – the tallest peak in Yunnan Province, China. Its eastern side is part of the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Area UNESCO World Heritage Site (whose rivers – the Nu, Lancang, and Jinsha – are under threat by a number of proposed dam and mining projects). It is one of the most sacred mountains in Tibetan Buddhism and is visited by 20,000 pilgrims each year. To the local people, who also act as stewards of the sacred mountain, any destruction of the mountain body is unthinkable.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is meant to catalyze climate-friendly and sustainable projects in low-income countries. Instead, it's provided massive subsidies to hydropower developers while increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Through deception and abuse of the system, at least two-thirds of all CDM projects are likely not additional, and more are slipping in each year. In an attempt to cure its ills during the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, the CDM Executive Board has initiated a year-long policy dialogue. Having failed to reach any decisions about reform at Durban, the CDM policy panel members will examine unresolved issues ranging from stronger rules for public participation to an appeals procedure. Of particular concern to the global movement for rivers is ensuring that the CDM imposes greater limitations on large hydropower projects, which are more likely to create enormous environmental and social problems for local communities than smaller community-driven decentralized projects.
EU demonstrationknowledge.allianz.comDurban is over, the delegates have all either gone home or are enjoying the sunny South African weather, and serious actions to curb rising emissions have again been shunted down the road. (You can read more about the results at Durban on our colleague Payal Parekh's blog.) However, progress is being made on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – albeit slowly – to address some of its most serious flaws, including how to deal with non-additional, "hot air" projects in the world's largest emissions trading scheme, the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS).
Increase of credits from large hydro expected by 2020A new study released in time for the climate negotiations in Durban confirms that over 20% of all carbon credits under the UN's offsetting scheme, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), could come


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anced group consisting of three peer nodes: A, B, and C. At some specified interval, such as every 30 seconds, the forwarder switches the data stream to another node in the group, selected at random. So, the forwarder might switch from node B to node A to node C, and so on. If one node is down, the forwarder immediately switches to another.
Note: To expand on this a bit, each of the forwarder's inputs has its own data stream. At the specified interval, the forwarder switches the data stream to the newly selected node, if it's safe to do so. If it cannot safely switch the data stream to the new node, it keeps the connection to the previous node open and continues to send the data stream to that node until it has been safely sent.
Load balancing, in conjunction with indexer acknowledgment, is of key importance in a clustered deployment because it helps ensure that you don't lose any data in case of node failure. If a forwarder does not receive indexer acknowledgment from the node it is sending data to, it resends the data to the next available node in the load-balanced group.
For more information on forwarder load balancing, read "Set up load balancing" in the Forwarding Data manual. For information on how load balancing works with indexer acknowledgment, read "Protect against loss of in-flight data" in the Forwarding Data manual.
Configure inputs directly on the peers
If you decide not to use forwarders to handle your data inputs, you can set up inputs on each peer in the usual fashion; for example, by editing
inputs.conf. For information on configuring inputs, read "Configure your inputs" in the Getting Data In Manual.
Prepare the peers for index replication
Use clusters to scale indexing
This documentation applies to the following versions of Splunk® Enterprise: 6.0, 6.0.1, 6.0.2, 6.0.3, 6.0.4, 6.0.5, 6.0.6, 6.0.7, 6.0.8, 6.0.9, 6.0.10, 6.0.11, 6.0.12, 6.0.13, 6.0.14, 6.0.15