text:
CIRA Financial Statements and Required Supplementary Information
Rutledge, Marilyn Z., The CPA Journal
Several years of study have resulted in an AICPA guide which sell new requirements for this important and growing industry. Information about future replacements and repairs is called for even if not susceptible to audit. This is the first time that such supplementary data is required to be included in statements of nonpublic companies. The guide is effective for financial statements beginning after September 15, 1991. Earlier application may make sense.
In September 1991 the AICPA issued an audit and accounting guide, Audits of Common Interest Realty Associations. The guide provides, for the first time, authoritative accounting, auditing, and compilation and review guidance specifically for common interest realty associations (CIRAs), that include condominium associations, homeowners' associations, and cooperative housing corporations. The guide was issued after more than 10 years of deliberation and is considered a milestone for the industry. Yet, some of its provisions are controversial and represent major changes from existing practice. A significant provision of the guide is its requirement that all CIRAs present certain unaudited information about future major repairs and replacements of their common property as supplementary information outside the basic financial statements. In the past, the FASB has required certain publicly held companies to present unaudited information outside the basic financial statements--for example, oil and gas reserve information. However, the issuance of the guide marks the first time that nonpublic entities must deal with the issue. The guide requires CIRAs to disclose the following supplementary information about future major repairs and replacements outside the basic financial statements:
* Estimates of current or future costs of future major repairs and replacements of all existing components, such as roofs, including the following:
a. Estimated amounts required; b. Methods used to determine the costs; c. Basis for calculations, including assumptions, if any, about interest and inflation rates; d. Sources used; and e. Dates of studies made for that purpose, if any.
* A presentation of components to be repaired and replaced that includes the following:
a. Estimates of the remaining useful lives of the components; b. Estimates of current or future replacement costs; and c. Amount of funds accumulated for each component, designated by the CIRA's board of directors.
Figure 1 and 2 illustrate two alternative presentations of required supplementary information. (Figures 1 and 2 omitted)
When required supplementary information is presented with audited financial statements in auditor-submitted documents, SAS 29 at AU Sec. 551.15 and SAS 52 at AU Sec. 558 apply.
* AU Sec. 558 requires auditors to apply certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information; and * AU Sec. 551.15 requires auditors to disclaim an opinion on required supplementary information unless they have been engaged to audit and express an opinion on it.
The auditors' responsibilities for required supplementary information are summarized in the flowchart in Figure 3. (Figure 3 omitted)
APPLYING LIMITED PROCEDURES
Required supplementary information differs from voluntary presentations of information outside the basic financial statements because standard-setting bodies such as the AICPA's AcSEC or the FASB consider the information an essential part of the financial reporting of certain entities and because authoritative guidelines for presentation of the information have been established. Thus, AU Sec. 558 requires auditors to apply certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information whenever it is included in the same document with audited financial statements, even though the required supplementary information is unaudited and auditors disclaim an opinion on it. The limited proceedures are described in AU Sec. …


Names of the Week
Fact of the Week
Crocodiles never outgrow their enclosure. More
Birdie Meaning
What does Birdie mean?
The name Birdie is of English and American origin.
The meaning of Birdie is "little bird, birdlike".
Birdie is generally used as a girl's name.
The Given Name Birdie
A simple name, Birdie possesses great character.
A creative name, that may be just right for you.
Birdie falls into the bird name category.
Birdie Popularity
In the U.S. in 2015, it ranked 2,761 in baby name popularity for girls with 63 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name.
In contrast, the year before it ranked 3,714 in baby name popularity for girls with 41 occurrences. Less than 5 boys were given the name.
Birdie Related Names
Variants of the name Birdie include Birdena, Birdine.
Famous Birdies
 Birdie Numerology
 Birdie Name Fun
 Then just follow the diagram below.
 Be creative with the name Birdie.


the Polity thingy, browsed sundry blog posts by El Primo Doctrinal Mover and Shaker, CJ–you know, the one where he doesn't allow comments–to see what I could find.
All writers want something–implicit or explicit–from you, except me, of course. Today I am the definitive altruist, exercising the ultimate expression of Kantian disinterest. My motives are utterly empty and selfless or maybe they are chicks and money like always.
If one can find what the writer wants, it is easy to understand why they write what they write. Sometimes the writer tells you what they want, sometimes their real wants are unstated, and sometimes they tell you but come at it from an angle.
So, what does SGM really want? Well, since Dave wrote the Polity thingy, the question should technically be what does Dave want? However, nothing comes out of SGM that isn't reflective of El Primo Doctrinal Mover and Shaker, CJ Mahaney (and sundry Hommies) thoughts on the subject. So, Dave is SGM and SGM is Dave.
What does Dave want? Well, that isn't easy to ferret out. He does want to give a "Biblical" theology of Polity.
He does want to offer up an apologetic (read: defense) of SGM collective "wisdom" the leaders have arrived at over the decades of leadership.
The Sovereign Grace Ministries apologetic stands upon a tripod of principles that lift and support our local-church government:
 1. The Principle of Plurality among Elders
 2. The Principle of the Presiding Pastor
 3. The Principle of Partnership with Apostolic Ministry (page 2)
He does want to illustrate why, in a non-hierarchical body of Christ, there are those who are "First Among Equals" (9)in a pyramid of authority.
"Thus, we begin with an assertion that will ground and guide this entire document. Local-church leadership in the New Testament was a shared endeavor. (page 3)"
And further on addressing the same point:
"The presiding pastor, or senior pastor, is a role drawn generally from the broad pattern of order resonant in Scripture…"
"While neither the pattern nor the application carries in itself sufficient force to sustain an apologetic for senior pastors, they unite to bring greater understanding of the role. Central to this understanding is the fact that the role of presiding pastor must always be based on the foundation of plurality." (page 6)
He does want to give explanation to his "Reformed Brethren" why the polity structure of SGM is as viable as what they practice. Dave touches this theme on page 4, and then on page 8 he furthers the thought with this:
"Within the Sovereign Grace churches it was not uncommon, early in our history, for local-church polity to follow the Reformed model of coequal plurality, i.e. elderships unadorned with senior pastors. This was an instructive season, and has built in us a respect for all churches that endeavor to exalt Christ through a coequal eldership. Our experience, however, was less than God-exalting, and our "polity postmortem" resulted in the following conclusions: …"
Dave goes on to detail six effective departures from the traditional Reformed Practice related to SGM learned wisdom from said post mortem.
He does not want the official SGM take on Polity to be considered an essential.
"At the outset it must be said that the form of church government is not a major doctrine like the Trinity, the deity of Christ, substitutionary atonement, or the authority of Scripture…
"And church history attests that several different forms of government have worked fairly well for several centuries…" (page 2)
These are Dave's stated wants for his Polity thingy. I didn't notice that these ideas flowed from one to the next in any particular order. They just are. His Systematic Theology is full of the catastrophic flaws that come with using that academic practice for reading Bible.
If it matters, I have a degree in Systematic Theology. And while I had a real love for the practice, I've come to believe it has fatal flaws. And those flaws are at the heart of Christian tyrannies over the centuries.
I contend that Systematic Theology is a cross between academic proof texting and biblical shamanism. Wave a handful of verses that kind of sort of mention the idea you want to promote and Alakazam! Poof! We have a "Biblical Doctrine." We have an AUTHORITATIVE idea. I know, that was a cynical comment, but it was really good.
Bible VERSES are a disembodied collection of words. It seems strange that I should have to point this out, but … whatever. Just because a couple of numbers sit in the margin to reference six, eight, or twenty words does not mean the words are remotely related to a Systematic doctrine. Nor does a paragraph necessarily represent the original author's intent or principle teaching. And even more important, nor do those disembodied words represent overarching themes or broad stroke teachings throughout Cannon. Taking disembodied statements from book to book and compiling them like so many Legos to build whatever authoritative doctrinal point is fraught with all manner of intellectual pitfalls.
And Mr. Harvey's Polity thingy demonstrates some WHOPPERS! As I read his Polity thingy I kept humming the Burger King theme song: "Have it your way… at SGM now…"
But Dave Harvey is safe from any mass criticism. His arguments are a study in uninspired historical academic regurgitation. For most readers, he is close enough to the land mass of Protestant tradition as to not raise an eyebrow. Which he is quick to point out: "There is little originality in Sovereign Grace Ministries; …" (page 8) Oh, the irony in this sentence.
Dave is marginally creative in arguing the foundations of Protestant Papacy, but he comes at this governmental FORM at a sufficiently obtuse angle; citing enough other sources to successfully distribute the blame or credit. And he certainly never calls the doctrine Protestant Papacy, so if one is not really paying attention to the logical conclusion… >shrug< who is going to object?
Mr. Harvey doesn't say anything scandalous, hedging against critical review by appealing to Non-essentialness — there "might" be other ways to govern a church. In the pursuit of the SGM Polity, Dave comes off as endlessly magnanimous.
So, what is the big deal? Is this a quibble over theological hairsplitting? Am I forcing you into the Theology Dentist Chair? Who cares? Many preachers crack open the Bible and identify similar assumptions from the book and teach some variation of these themes.
What is the big deal?
Here it is: SGM doesn't govern–they don't FORCE with a magnanimous bone in their body. By frog-boiling increments, these men expand the definition of what is an essential doctrine by implicit or explicit demand to adhere to their considered judgments. (Mandatory Date nights? Husbands ordering food for their wives to demonstrate leadership? It is sin to have a Junk drawer because it is a sign of laziness? There is a punch line here, right?)
A massive disconnect exists between the veneer of their magnanimous scholasticism and the direct manifestation of their practice. So, this means something is lurking under the surface. Something is driving the interaction that ultimately skews the outworking: something implicit, some oblique assumption that folks really haven't caught on.
Most folks believe that the problem resides in the SGM's Charismatic papacy. CJ, at pyramid pinnacle passing out feudal favors to his spiritual henchmen, is the driving power of the problem.
While that may enable the tyranny, that is not the source of the tyranny. And here is the distinction: Government forms–congregational, presbytery, et al.–are only structures for philosophical outcomes. What does it matter if you have one man at the top of the pyramid or 20 "First Among Equals" or a mob of congregants if what they are GOVERNING doesn't change?
And what is government? Force. So the sentence could also read, "What does it matter if you have one man, a bunch of men, or a mob if what they are FORCING doesn't change?"
The biggest reason the blog conversation doesn't really pass the "so what?" test is the difference between REFORM and RESTRUCTURE. A different form of government won't change the governmental objectives. The Monarchies of France and the French Revolution still used the Guillotine with equal passion. The form of government changed, the governing PHILOSOPHY did not. Bookmark this too because I will say more about this in a minute.
Sovereign Grace Ministries fancy themselves the best of the Orthodox and the best of the Charismatic. They have long since decided that the blend effect is what gives them their unique place. They have long since demonstrated the willingness to depart from the logical extension of their "orthodoxy" as it suits them. No academic debate exists. No logical debate exists. So, evaluating "Biblical" polity (FORCE) remains a debate about who has the "authority" to establish "authority." Since they have decided they are uniquely authoritated to define authority … it seems strange to believe one can out-authority them or out-FORCE them.
Even if they changed the form of government, they would still be governing toward


text:
Reshaping Curves with the Subselection Tool
The subselection tool lets you manipulate a point's Bézier handles to modify the slope and depth of the curve. You can add and delete points and convert existing curve points to corner points, or vice versa, with the pen tool (see "Converting, Removing, and Adding Points," later in this chapter).
One way to reshape a curve is to change the location of the anchor points that define the curve.
To move a curve point:
- In the Toolbar, choose the subselection tool.
- Click a path to select it. Flash highlights the entire path of the selected element.
- Position the pointer over a curve point. The anchor-point modifier appears.
- Click and drag the point to a new location.
Flash previews the new curve as you drag (
Figure 3.38 One way to modify a curved path is to reposition anchor points with the subselection tool.
After you move a curve point, the path remains selected, and the Bézier control handles of the point you moved become active so that you can further manipulate the curve.
To reshape a curve with the Bézier handles:
- With the subselection tool, click the curve you want to modify.
- Click one of the anchor points that define the curve you want to modify. Bézier handles appear.
- Click and drag one of the Bézier handles. The pointer changes to an arrowhead.
- To modify the curve, do one or more of the following:
- To make the curve more pronounced, position the Bézier handle farther from the curve in the direction in which the curve bulges.
- To make the curve flatter, position the Bézier handle closer to the curve.
- To make the curve bulge in the opposite direction, move the Bézier handle past the existing curve, in the opposite direction from the current bulge.
- To make the curve deeper, position the Bézier handle farther from the anchor point.
- To make the curve shallower, position the Bézier handle closer to the anchor point.
Flash previews the new curve as you manipulate the Bézier handle (
Figure 3.39 When you select anchor points, their Bézier handles appear (A). Leaning a Bézier handle away from a curve (B) makes that curve segment more pronounced (C). Leaning the handle toward the curve flattens that part of the curve. Dragging the Bézier handle away from its anchor point (D) makes the curve deeper (E); dragging the handle toward the anchor point makes the curve shallower.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Trends in Poverty and Social Indicators: An Update, PRCPB Working Paper No. 16
This paper provides an update of the changes that Bangladesh has undergone in terms of its poverty and social indicators over the last one and a half decades. Several key social and human development indicators have been considered which provides an analysis of the trends at both the national as well as the district levels.
The paper observes that Bangladesh has achieved notable progress in terms of poverty and social indicators over the past one and half decades. There are, however, significant variations between regions (districts) with respect to these achievements. The paper also pointed out that the country's health and nutrition programs, particularly those targeted towards mothers and children underwent some problems after 2000. As a result, the improvements in child and maternal health have slowed down. Therefore unless attention is paid to these matters, Bangladesh's progress on the MDG goals may seriously be hindered in these respects.
Trends in Poverty and Social Indicators:An Update, PRCPB Working Paper No. 16, Programme for Research on Chronic Poverty in Bangladesh (PRCPB)/ Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Manchester, UK, 37 pp.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The temperature has dropped, the roads are wet and the nights are drawing in more and more each day: Autumn has arrived and you're going to know about it.
With autumn comes plenty of rainfall, wet leaves and low sun, which can cause drivers difficulties on the road, especially when you're travelling begins and ends in the dark.
In order to help with your battle against the conditions we are offering advice on how to prepare your car for the upcoming months. Read on for our tips to keep right during the next couple of months.
1. Windscreen wipers
You will be relying a lot on your windscreen wipers for now, so make sure that the blades are wiped clean and working properly. Lift the blades off of the window in order to remove any dirt that could infringe movement. Also, make sure to turn the windscreen wiper blades off before switching on the ignition as this could blow a fuse if there has been overnight frost.
2. Watch out for leaves
With autumn comes a lot of leaves, and leaves tend to block areas on your car that could lead to damage. Clean your car thoroughly before setting off, especially under your bonnet where water can be stored if leaves get in the way of the plenum chamber. Driving through wet leaves can also cause your car to lose friction, so always reduce speed if you need to drive through them.
3. Slippery roads
Whether it's because of rain or ice, the roads will become significantly more slippery meaning there is no better time than now to be consistently checking your tyre pressures and their condition. The legal tread depth is 1.6mm, but 3mm is recommended for increased traction.
4. Clear the condensation
Condensation will build up on the windows and lights when the car isn't running, which if left alone will cause problems with visibility and lead to glare. LED light bulbs are usually not powerful enough to evaporate water on light covers, so remember to clean these too.
5. Sunglasses
As the days become shorter the sun gets lower, unfortunately for drivers this tends to happen around 5pm when most people are leaving work. Avoid being dazzled by the sun by keeping a pair of sunglasses on hand in your car.
6. Check your battery
Breakdown is most common during the colder months, and although it is always important to keep on top of how your battery is coping, it is particularly necessary in autumn/winter. If the battery is more than five years own it may be a good idea to renew it in order to avoid a failure while on the road.
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text:
Thinking my blog followers might like to learn about the interesting connection between a microorganism found in Yellowstone Park and a notorious criminal trial twenty years ago—recent enough that some of you will have followed that trial—I'll repeat here something I wrote last spring for another website.
– – – – –
One thing leads to another. So let's play Connect Initials and Years. Specifically, let's examine how a microbe found in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) related to evidence from a sample of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the most famous criminal trial of the late twentieth century.
1966: Indiana University professor Thomas D. Brock (TDB) and undergraduate assistant Hudson Freeze collect a tiny organism from 73ºC Mushroom Pool in YNP. The bacterium, named Thermus aquaticus (TAQ), is subsequently found to thrive in the laboratory even in boiling water and is deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
[Photo of Brock at Mushroom Pool by Janet Chapple, 1996]
1975 and 1977: Doctor Frederick Sanger of Cambridge University and colleagues publish two papers that made DNA sequencing in the lab much less laborious than it had been previously—and for which he won his second Nobel Prize (in 1980).
1983–84: Researcher Kary Mullis and team at Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA, buy a sample of TAQ for thirty-five dollars from the ATCC. From this they purify an enzyme known as Taq polymerase. It proves to be so stable, even when repeatedly heated and cooled, that it can be used to conduct repeated reactions and produce a large amount of DNA from a minuscule example, a technique called a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
For demonstrating this improved PCR technique, Mullis shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Cetus and later their successor company Hoffmann–LaRoche made hundreds of millions of dollars in patent rights and licenses.
[Computer-rendered view of a random DNA double-helix by Geoff Hutchison
From Creative Commons.Freely shared with attribution; no derivatives.
from Creative Commons]
1986–96: DNA sequencing becomes more and more important in several fields of endeavor, among them archaeological research, proof of paternity, prenatal health, the origins of species—and forensics. DNA evidence was used for the first time in a U.S. criminal court in 1987. However, note here that not until 1996 did the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) announce the reliability of DNA evidence.
1994: A National Institutes of Health (NIH) website points out that "The DNA Identification Act of 1994 authorized the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to expand a pilot project into a national DNA database, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), as a tool for solving violent crimes." Thus, this national database had just been authorized in 1994 and was not fully functioning until 1998.
1994–95: Football star O. J. Simpson (OJS) [from Wikipedia Commons, 1990]
is the defendant in a widely televised eleven-month-long trial for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her companion Ronald Lyle Goldman. The prosecution presented DNA evidence to the jury. However, (quoting the Crime Museum website): "A major hurdle that the prosecution team failed to overcome was the lack of knowledge and understanding regarding forensic science, specifically DNA." And, "This inability to understand key evidence made the evidence essentially useless; even some seasoned lawyers found the scientific testimonies to be incomprehensible. It is reported that the DNA evidence showed that the chance that some of the blood found near the bodies came from anyone but Simpson was one in 170 million. The chance that blood found on Simpson's sock could be from someone other than Nicole Brown was one in 21 billion."
The trial verdict was Not Guilty.
At the time of this high-profile trial even such responsible entities as the NAS and the FBI were unsure or did not yet fully appreciate the implications of DNA evidence. Thus, a murderer was not convicted.
Early 2000s: Taq polymerase becomes only one among a number of DNA polymerases that are used in sequencing reactions.
2014: Twenty years after the OJS trial, would a jury decide differently?


text: As per 2011 Census, the total population is 3.19 lakh, which includes 1.69 lakh male population and 1.50 lakh female population in the District. The sex ratio is 886(10th lowest). The urban population is of 0.54 lakh and the rural population figures at 2.25 lakh souls i.e. 83.07% of the population of the District. The density of the population is 353 per sq km(7th highest).The literacy rate of the district is 82.48%. The schedule castes represent 28.84% of the population while schedule tribes i. e. Gujjar and Bakerwals represent about 5.64% only of the total population of the District. The main stay of the population of the districts is agriculture and service in defence.


Using MsBuild tasks to build SSIS packages
In a previous blog post, I explained how to recompile the MsBuild task for SSIS 2016. Now that we've this task, we'll see how to use it.
First,let define a new file (here named Build.proj) in our SSIS solution
Then, we'll need to define our headers and namespaces:
The last attribute DefaultTargets is defining the part of the xml file that will be used when this file will be executed. In our case we'll just have one version of the Target but it's better to already correctly define it.
We also have to specify to MsBuild that an external assembly will be used (the community tasks to build SSIS packages).
It's now time to create a kind of variable to host the name/path of our SSIS project. Within MsBuild you achieve this task by using the following syntax:

SSISProjPath is the name of the variable and the value is defined in the Include attribute.
Now, let's focus on the Target itself. The target is named SSISBuild and will display a message before using the task to compile the SSIS project. The second step is performed by invoking the task DeploymentFileCompilerTask

The first parameter of DeploymentFileCompilerTask is the name of your project, you can safely use your variable by specifying the @() syntax. The second parameter is the configuration, personnaly I never change it and use Development but up-to-you. The protection level will override the corresponding property of your project.
If you want to compile, your project you can call MsBuild and specify Build.proj as the parameter, it will do the job! But it's more interesting if you can include this in your build steps. I'll just show you how you can include this in your TeamCity configuration:
 1. Create a build step
 2. Define the runner type as MsBuild
 3. Specify the MSBuild property for version as Microsoft Build Tools 2015 and ToolsVersion as 14.0
 4. Don't forget to specify the name of your target
 as SSISBuild
Once you've this setup in place, you can trigger your TeamCity project to get the following message and your build ready.
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TY - JOUR T1 - THe assessment of social disability AU - Ruesch J Y1 - 1969/12/01 N1 - 10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740240015003 JO - Archives of General Psychiatry SP - 655 EP - 664 VL - 21 IS - 6 N2 - TWO developments have significantly altered the assessment of deviant behavior: the introduction of computers and the emphasis on social rather than psychological functioning. The computer has become indispensable for the modern scientist. He relies on it for medical literature analysis and retrieval,1 for the establishment of electronic data banks for use in clinical medicine, for computer-based recordings of physician's findings and comments,2 and for self-administered screening systems for newly admitted patients.3,4 In the narrower field of psychiatry, there exist computer-based methods for the initial psychiatric interview,5 recording systems for all psychiatric data,6 and programs for arriving at differential diagnosis.7,8 An attempt to simulate the verbal behavior of physician and patient led to the substitution of computers for living persons.9 Man-machine interaction thus can be expected in the future to play a greater role in the SN - 0003-990X M3 - doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740240015003 UR - _URL_ ER -


text:
Old English slāw'slow-witted, sluggish', of Germanic origin
The word slow is normally used as an adjective (a slow learner; the journey was slow). It is also used as an adverb in certain specific contexts, including compounds such as slow-acting and slow-moving and in the expression go slow. Other adverbial use is informal and usually regarded as nonstandard, as in he drives too slow and go as slow as you can. In such contexts, standard English uses slowly instead. The use of slow and slowly in this respect contrasts with the use of fast, which is completely standard in use as both an adjective and an adverb; there is no word 'fastly'.


How To Keep An Erection For Longer Without Pills!
keep an erection for longerIt's true that when you know how to keep an erection for longer you can satisfy your partner by making love for more time and increasing her chances of reaching a shuddering orgasm.
Obviously, you have to know how to keep your erection hard.
A soft erection is generally not very pleasurable during sex and gives you little chance of making your partner climax. It's also very embarrassing.
First Things First
Before we get to boosting your erections naturally, I advise you to first read my free guide on how to avoid foods that kill erections in order to be 100% certain you are not sabotaging your own erections by eating the wrong foods.
Please watch the video below to understand more about this important topic.
Go here to download your 2 free ebooks about foods that cause impotence in men
Here are 5 techniques that help to keep an erection hard for longer.
1. Herbs For Increasing Male Libido
Many herbs exist that stimulate male libido, giving hard erections and helping you stay hard for longer.
Some of them help to boost testosterone levels, others improve blood circulation in the penis and others increase levels of nitric oxide in your blood, which relaxes muscles above the penis.
For most men, all of these herbal remedies lead to harder erections that stay hard for longer.
Technique for optimizing herbal erection stimulants
Rather than using only one herbal stimulant, use several different ones instead. There are many types of herb that increase male libido, and they all have different functions.
It's advisable to vary the supplements you take rather than using the same one every day.
Start off by using decent natural supplement which combines several potent erection-boosting herbs and pleasure enhancing aphrodisiacs for long, powerful erections.
2. Penile Massage For Increase Blood Circulation
You probably already know that your penis depends on good blood circulation in order to become fully erect.
As the blood vessels that transport the blood to your sexual organs are fairly small in size, they can become less efficient as the years pass and they accumulate tiny plaques which restrict blood flow.
This is where penile massage and penis exercises can help.
Using natural manual techniques, you can massage your penile area successfully to help disperse plaques in your blood vessels and actually expand the capillaries that cause your penis to become erect.
This allows you to maintain harder erections for longer periods of time and if done properly, can actually increase your girth.
Find out how to master the techniques of penile massage
2. Deeper Sleep For Harder Erections
Poor quality sleep and high stress levels have a negative impact on erection quality.
Male hormones that are important to a healthy sex drive are mainly produced during deep sleep. If you fail to reach the deepest levels of sleep, the essential sex hormones will be present only in low quantity in your body.
Ideally, you should be naturally increasing your testosterone levels by reaching deep sleep yourself.
Could it be that you never reach deep sleep? You may not actually know. If you're not sleeping as deeply as you could be, or if you're affected by stress (without realizing it) then you should address the issue.
ZMA about 20 minutes before bedtime helps you reach the deeper levels of sleep that you'll need to optimize testosterone production.
3. A Calm Mind For Harder Erections
This is especially relevant where stress is involved.
In order to keep an erection hard for longer, you need to have moved on fully from past disturbances, traumas and anything that may interrupt the process of love making and cause you to lose your erection.
It is indeed possible that your body is in perfect condition, but that your mind is holding you back and causing you to lose erections.
Sexual anxiety, unintentionally thinking of a former lover, worrying about work and other factors can disrupt your sexual desire.
This is far more complex and requires more expert treatment.
One technique that many people report as successful is hypnosis.
Every man has at one point had his concentration broken and lost his erection due to a concern or worry on his mind. Don't be overly concerned. There are solutions to help you to relax and be at ease with what you're doing without being distracted.
Self hypnosis could be worth trying if you are lacking in confidence.
You can actually consider yourself fortunate that you're in good physical condition and that if all goes well, hypnosis to enhance sexual performance will help you regain confidence and concentration for improved sexual performance.
4. Practice Maintaing Erections For Longer
You are allowed to practice on your own in order to develop your ability to maintain erections for longer.
This is yet another technique that works well for many men.
Masturbating for long periods without reaching orgasm can boost natural free testosterone levels and improve blood circulation in your penile area.
Make sure you are relaxed and alone when doing this for best results.
What worked for me has now been compiled into a program including all the natural erection exercises and penile massage techniques to improve erection quality in a dedicated program.
This was especially useful and helped me to maintain erections for much longer.
5. Erection exercises to keep erect
Exercises to improve erection quality have been proven to increase erection quality and strength.
When using along with testosterone boosting supplements pelvic floor exercises are especially benefical.
These are also known as Kegel workouts, named after the doctor who first started recommending them.
An offical medical study is proof that muscles around the penile area improve erection quality and can even cure erectile dysfunction.
This also means they can help you to stay harder for longer in bed.
Flexing your penile muscles (the same ones used to urinate) about 100 times per day is recommended to be able to keep an erection harder for longer.


What was the first sport in Australia?
Sport arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788. None of the officers and convicts were familiar and comfortable with the sporting traditions of that era – horseracing, cricket, boxing, pedestrianism and sports involving animals, such as cockfighting.
What is the oldest sport in Australia?
Sport is an important part of Australia that dates back to the early colonial period. Cricket, Australian rules football, rugby league, rugby union, soccer and tennis are among the earliest organised sports in Australia.
What sport was invented in Australia?
Co-author of Rugby and the South African Nation and Making Men: Rugby and Masculine Identity. Australian rules football, a football sport distinctive to Australia that predates other modern football games as the first to create an official code of play.
What sport started first?
The Mesoamerican ballgame originated over three thousand years ago. The Mayan ballgame of Pitz is believed to be the first ball sport, as it was first played around 2500 BCE. There are artifacts and structures that suggest that the Chinese engaged in sporting activities as early as 2000 BCE.
IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: Can I sponsor my cousin to Australia?
Who brought soccer to Australia?
The latest AusPlay survey released by Sport Australia has confirmed football's position as the number one organised sport in Australia, with more than 1.76 million participants.
What is the most played sport in the world?
The Most Popular Sports In The World
Rank Sport Estimated Global Following
1 Soccer (Association Football) 4.0 Billion
2 Cricket 2.5 Billion
3 Hockey (Ice and Field) 2 Billion
4 Tennis 1 Billion
How did Aussie Rules Start?
Australian Rules football evolved in Melbourne in the mid-19th century. Both Gaelic football and an Aboriginal game (commonly referred to as 'marngrook') have been cited as inspiration, but the game really emerged from the football played in English public (that is, private) schools.
Who is the oldest football club in Australia?
The Melbourne Football Club is the oldest football club in Australia and is one of the founding clubs of the Australian Football League. The origin of the team dates back to 1858 when members of the Victoria cricket team formed a loosely organized football team.
How did AFL start in Australia?
The first match The AFL Commission identified as a direct precursor to the codification of Australian football was organised and umpired by Tom Wills and contested on 31 July 1858 between Melbourne Grammar School Football Club and Scotch College, adjacent to the Melbourne Cricket Ground at the Richmond Paddock.
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What is the oldest team sport in the world?
What is the oldest American sport?
Lacrosse may be the oldest organized sport in America, but the sport is in its infancy in Montgomery County. The sport originated in 1636, when a Jesuit missionary in North America observed Huron Indians playing a game with a hide-covered ball carried and hurled from a curved stick with a pouch at the top.
Who started sports?
With the first Olympic Games in 776 BC—which included events such as foot and chariot races, wrestling, jumping, and discus and javelin throwing—the Ancient Greeks introduced formal sports to the world.
What is soccer called in Australia?
As is the case in the United States and Canada, association football is most commonly referred to in Australia as soccer. Historically, the sport has been referred to as British association rules and British football.
Has Australia ever won a World Cup?
They have won four Nations Cup titles, in 1980, 1996, 2000 and 2004 and one Asian Cup in 2015. However, they have never made it to the final of the FIFA World Cup, having their best performance being in the Round of 16 in 2006.
Is soccer growing in Australia?
Ultimately, soccer within Australia is only likely to increase in popularity in the coming years following the successes of many of the country's athletes in both domestic and international soccer.
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Going to Sydney


text:
Global Warming Book for Seventh-Graders Recalled by Michigan Math and Science Center
A progressive children's book lauding Al Gore as an "eco-hero," and offers kids suggestions on global warming activism, has been recalled by the Battle Creek Area Math and Science Center — but only after the book had been included in science kits marketed to 35 Michigan school districts for use in their seventh-grade curriculum.
"This book makes sweeping statements" unfounded in science, BCAMSC Director Connie Duncan said Thursday. "We want to be sure the information we send out is 100 percent correct to the best of our knowledge."
But doesn't a book titled, "A Hot Planet Needs Cool Kids," that urges children to become activists, raise doubt about its bias and factual accuracy in the first place? Why would such material be distributed to Michigan seventh-graders at all?
The author is Washington State resident Julie Hall, a self-described poet and co-founder of ProgressiveKids, "a planet-friendly" online company.
The book holds up Al Gore as an "eco-hero;" promotes organizations such as Greenpeace and Rainforest Alliance; urges children to persuade their parents to "Vote Green" and buy organic; cautions against new-home construction, the plastics industry and conventional agriculture, and notes "many people believe that it is best for the earth for families to have no more than one child."
As reported in the Kalamazoo Gazette Sunday, the Michigan Farm Bureau complained a few weeks ago that the 88-page book, "A Hot Planet needs Cool Kids," pushes an inaccurate take on modern agriculture, both by including erroneous information based on opinion rather than science and by failing to include information about ways that agricultural practices can help combat climate change.
Now BCAMSC is contacting schools and teachers, "any way we could get hold of them," regarding the dubious material included in the seventh-grade kits intended to teach children about climate change.
"We wouldn't have pulled the book" just because Farm Bureau objected, Duncan said, "but we will review (a book) because someone disagrees with it."
Duncan stated the review of A Hot Planet revealed that, although "this book has some wonderful things in it, it also has some things in it that are not appropriate. There are some other pieces in there that are not based on fact."
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text:
Bused, bussed, and bust are commonly confused words that are pronounced in the same way but are spelled differently and have different meanings, which makes them homophones. We will examine the different meanings of the homophonic words bused, bussed and bust, the word origins of the terms, and some examples of their English usage in sentences.
Bused is the past tense of the verb, bus, meaning to transport on a large vehicle known as a bus. Bused is also used in North America to mean cleared the dirty dishes from a table in a restaurant. The word bused appears as though it should rhyme with the word fused; however, it does not. For this reason, some spell the past tense of bused with two s's, as in bussed–which is a word that will be discussed later in this article. Related words are bus, buses, busing. The word bus is an abbreviation of the word omnibus; it came into use in the 1830s to describe a steam-powered mode of public transportation.
Bussed is the past tense of the verb, buss, which is a word that means to kiss. However, some spell the past tense of the verb bus with two s's; this is considered a secondary, acceptable spelling that follows the English convention of doubling the consonant after a short vowel when conjugating a verb. The Oxford English Dictionary lists the verb buss as a North American word; however, it also lists the origin as dating to the 16th century, from the Middle English word, bass.
Bust is used as a noun to mean the chest or upper torso; a sculpture that includes the shoulders and head of the subject. It also refers to the chest measurement of a woman; or an arrest of a criminal, especially one involved in drugs. Bust is used informally as a verb to mean to break or burst; related words are busted, busting. The word bust has evolved over time. First, bust came into use in the late 1600s to mean a sculpture that includes the head and shoulders of the subject, from the Latin word, bustum, meaning funeral monument. In the mid-1700s, bust also came to mean a live, human torso. Finally, at the turn of the 19th century, bust came to mean to break or burst; the term was a variant of the word, burst.
About 150 kids from Tijuana were bused to the Mexican consulate in San Diego on Thursday where county nurses administered the Pfizer vaccine. (AP News)
It comes amid concern about asylum seekers being bussed from Dover to a detention centre in Scotland. (Daily Record)
Once safely across the street, I watched as Jennifer bussed the table for two young girls with flawless skin and short skirts. (Los Angeles Magazine)
An Elvis Presley bust that was swiped from a central Illinois bar has been returned after the story of its theft attracted international attention. (Boston Herald)
"Make sure they're secured in the trunk where nobody has easy access and they can't bust a window or anything to get to them," he said. (Exponent Telegram)


text:
Are you searching for an effective nutrient solution to enhance your plant growth? Look no further! At Grow Your Own, your ultimate destination for gardening supplies, we proudly present you with the top-rated product - Grow More Water Soluble 30-10-10.
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Whether you have fruiting plants, vegetables, or ornamentals, this water-soluble fertilizer will provide them with the essential macronutrients needed for vigorous growth, lush foliage, and abundant blooms or harvests.
The Science Behind the Formula
Grow More Water Soluble 30-10-10 contains a balanced ratio of Nitrogen (30%), Phosphorous (10%), and Potassium (10%) - commonly known as NPK. These primary macronutrients play vital roles in supporting different aspects of plant development and overall health.
Nitrogen (N) is responsible for promoting leaf and stem growth, as well as enhancing the plant's overall green coloration. It helps in protein synthesis, making it an essential nutrient for boosting plant vitality.
Phosphorous (P) aids in root development, flower formation, and seed production. It enhances the transfer of energy within the plant, encouraging strong root systems for better nutrient absorption and increased blooming.
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Pour the prepared solution directly onto the soil around the base of your plants, avoiding foliage contact. For foliar application, use a sprayer and thoroughly coat the leaves, ensuring full coverage.
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Small Rodent Basics
Rats should be kept in large wire cages that allow them to climb and run around. A cage 50cm x 50cm x 30cm is suitable for one rat. The cage should be placed in a draft free, dry environment with access to natural light but not direct sunlight. The cage should include items for them to climb in/on e.g. plastic tubes and ropes, they also enjoy comfortable bedding areas so a wooden box with a lift able lid should be provided filled with hay.
Mice and Gerbils ideally should be kept in medium sized aquarium with multi-levels and a wire mess lid. A cage of 45cm x 30cm x 20cm is ideal for 2-3 mice/gerbils. The cage should contain plenty of hidey holes in the form of wooden boxes and cardboard tubes.
Always remember a bigger cage is better, these sizes are a minimum size for comfort.
Rats, Mice and Gerbils like to have plenty of substrate within the cage to allow for digging and tunnelling behaviours. A good substrate is wood shavings and in the case of the rat some straw or hay to make a bedding area with.
The cage should be cleaned out on a regular basis of once to twice a week depending on the number of animals in the enclosure.
Rats, Mice and Gerbils are omnivores which means they like to eat a variety of different foods from fruit and vegetables to titbits of meat e.g. chicken. Ideally feed your small furry on a commercial complete food with additions of fruit, vegetable and meat titbits in moderation but try to avoid high fat seeds like sun-flower seeds, as they can be prone to obesity. Water should be available at all times and can be given in a water bottle or ceramic dish. Bottles are generally cleaner than ceramic dishes.
Rats, Mice and Gerbils are social creatures and enjoy the company of others of the same species. Ideally they should be kept in same sex pairs or same sex groups as they have a high reproduction rate, meaning two animals can become 10-20 in only a matter of a year!
Rats can be kept on their own but prefer to have company.
Common Diseases
Rats and Mice are prone to viral pneumonia. The best way to help avoid them getting Pneumonia is to ensure their cage is clean and the cage is in an appropriate place – draft free, dry place with access to natural light but not direct sunlight and that adequate ventilation provided eg wire mesh cage or wire mesh top to the glass cage. Clinical signs included distressed breathing, sneezing, lack of appetite, and loss of weight.
Wet Tail
Gerbils are prone to wet tail. Wet tail is caused by a number of factors including stress, environment, and possibly diet. Therefore it is important to ensure the environment is clean and an appropriate diet maintained. Clinical signs include very watery diarrhoea which will stain the anus and tail, lethargy and loss of appetite.
Tumours are a common problem in all small animals. Unfortunately they grow fast and often affect more than one body system meaning and are most often seen in animals over 2 years of age. In some cases the tumours can be removed but more often than not it is a matter of keeping the animal comfortable.
Dental Problems
Rats, Mice and Gerbils have open rooted teeth which means they are growing all the time which means if they are not provided with enough material to chew on their teeth become too large making it hard to eat. Items that are good for chewing on include wooden blocks, cardboard and rope toys.
Malocclusion occurs as a deformity and as a result of bar chewing. Regular clipping at the vets is required to keep the teeth short.
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Karapan Sapi, Indonesian Traditional Bull Racing
Karapan sapi is a bull racing festival held in a small island of Madura, Indonesia. It is an ancient tradition still widely celebrated by the Maduran. It is also a main tourist attraction on the island. This article will discuss the history, the rule of the game and also the controversy sorrounding this unusual sport.
Instead of the more common horse racing, the people of Madura Island, Indonesia prefer to ride bull in a race. This folk sport is a popular tourist attraction. People from around the world come to this small island to witness this unusual sport. Karapan sapi, literally means the race of the bulls, brings plenty of excitement on the island. This highly-valued tradition also plays fundamental part in the life of the local people.
The Island of Madura
Madura is a rustic island located just across the Madura Strait to the northeast of Java Island. The island is famous for its natural beauty, salt commodities, exotic dishes, traditional colorful fabric, distinct culture and its people's emotional characters. The island is inhabited by more than five thousand people, mostly farmers. Following the completion of a bridge across Madura Strait, the island has now become more accessible than ever. One of the most celebrated festivals on the island is the "karapan sapi" or bull racing. Besides its cultural importance, the event significantly supports the economy of the island.
Image credit
History of bull racing
Bull racing in Madura Island had its root well laid centuries ago. It is one of the oldest native sports in the world. The game was originally conducted on rice fields. It was designed as a fun way to plow rice field and prove the strengths of the animals. Karapan sapi was further popularized by Prince Kantadur from local kingdom of Sumenep in the 13th century. In the 1930s the Dutch ruler started to organize and promote the sport all over the island and in nearby East Java Province.
Image credit
The Maduran takes this race seriously. Decades ago, Maduran living outside the island will readily take a long journey home only to attend karapan sapi festival. Originally the sport was held during plowing season as the racing bulls were actually racing on paddy field and literally plowing the field. Now it was more often held in post-harvest time, usually in the months of July to October. The winners of minor races will compete for Presidential Trophy in Pamekasan, the island's capital city in late September or early October.
The bull
Image credit
The bulls employed in the race are reddish or creamy brown, humped-neck, long-tailed, fleshy and have short horns. The species raised on Madura Island is considered better than its Javan cousin. The best racing bulls come from Sapudi Island, an islet near Madura Island. They are fed with high quality grass, corn leaves, honey, eggs and special mixture of secret herbs to make their necks and muscles strong. One bull needs more than forty eggs a day. The bull is also given regular massage. Raising a strong and fast racing bull is an expensive business for Maduran farmer. The cost of raising a single bull can reach 300 US dollar a month. It is a huge amount compared to the potential prize money. For the owner of the bull, the cost is a fair exchange for the respect and glory that he will get when his bull wins the race.
The rule of the game
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A day before the race, the bulls are cleaned, combed, decorated in rich clothing and flowery ribbons. Sheltered with colorful parasols, the bulls parade through the town's major street. Each bull is accompanied by a group of musicians busily playing their flutes and drums. Besides the musician, a group of handlers and supporters also faithfully march behind the bull. When traditional percussion orchestra called saronen begins to play, the riders or local school children will dance a traditional "Pecot Dance". "Pecot" is the local word for whip. When the race is about to begin, the bulls are stripped off their fine costumes. They are then dressed in practical racing attire.
Image credit
Two bulls are hitched together to a plow-like contraption. A rider, usually a young boy called jockey perches on the contraption. The contraption on which the jockey stands is actually only a simple piece of sled. Once the flag drops, the jockey starts jabbing the bulls in a rump with sharpened bamboo while trying as hard as he can to keep his balance and clinging on for dear life. The bulls run for one hundred meters like crazy, partly because of the pains. On the average, one pair of bull can finish the distance in less than 10 seconds. The first bull whose forelegs cross the finish line first wins the race and the owner takes all the praise. In most circumstances, it is the jury who decide which one is the winner. The race is conducted in a series of elimination heats.
Image credit
The bull runs slower than horse but riding it in such a way is no less dangerous. Furthermore, the bulls are running in pain and rage. Should a jockey fall; he will surely suffer serious injury. Frequently, after crossing the finish line, a raging bull continues running and chasing after spectators standing around the finish line. To avoid any unwanted incidents, a particular person called "tukang nyandak" will try to catch and hold the still-running bull.
The controversy
The sport, fun as it is, also draws controversy. Some animal activists have raised their concern in respect of the animal welfare. The bulls do not enjoy the race as much as the people. The bamboo sticks held by the jockey hit them in their most tender regions. Occasionally (and illegally) the jockey use iron spikes instead of bamboo stick to jab the bulls, thus causing more pain to them. Due to fierce competition and the sum of money at stake, some jockeys sometimes do heartless things to make the bulls run faster such as dabbing the animal's eyes with chilies or hot balm, scratching the bull's bottom using sharp nails just before the race and then put on hot balm or chilies on the wounds. As if those were not enough, the bulls are forced to drink traditional liquor called "arak". The jockeys believe that the more uncomfortable the bull is, the faster it will run. It is a painful sport for the bulls. Indonesian government had forbidden these practices, but so far, they are still occurring. In addition; the game invites local people, mostly farmers to bet. Not infrequently a farmer loses his months of earning on their favorite bulls. Apart from the negative side of karapan sapi, its role in enlivening the island's economy is unquestionable.
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Comments (11)
Thank you Yovita for this. Voted. Thanks for support.
Ranked #3 in Popular Culture
Never seen this before, have seen ostrich racing, not quite the same of course, An interesting read.
Nice post! Very interesting and informative. Thanks
Interesting and impressive share. thanks
very interesting article
Ranked #10 in Popular Culture
Yes indeed very interesting, getting to know Indonesian culture from your expertise, well done.
You have done a superlative job in this article.thank you.
Glad you pointed out the cruelty involved too. Better regulations and harsh fines for those who are cruel should be in place.
interesting tradition..we also have a similar festival about bull racing
WoW! A real stopper....enjoyed every bit of this artlce. In Nigeria here, am aware of the camel race nd horse race among the hausa which attracts thousands of tourists. I believe in cultural heritage, however, this animals shold not be treated with cruelty. Thanks for this contribution.
Sounds interesting!


text:
Through the power of education, employment, and enterprise support, we've helped inspiring individuals break the cycle of poverty, boost micro-economies, and improve the quality of life in their communities.
This is the singular impact Cufa strives to achieve through the provision of the right tools, facilities, and resources. Our focus is on addressing generational poverty and injustice at the grassroots level and delivering sustainable change, which these communities can benefit from and pass down to the next generation.
At Cufa, we believe in providing a leg-up, instead of a handout. We empower people through financial literacy, financial independence, education, skills-building, and entrepreneurship through our funded programmes. We do not make standalone donations that do little to improve the long-term prospects of the beneficiaries we work with.
Our work focusses on long-term quality of life improvement.
We ensure that the impact we have on these communities isn't restricted by gender, ability, ethnicity or mobility. We believe in providing an equal platform for all and helping people in a way that's both practical and uplifting.


text:
PSN-L Email List Message
Subject: Re: spike problem
From: John Popelish jpopelish@........
Date: Sun, 04 Jun 2006 14:13:43 -0400
J=F3n Fr=EDmann wrote:
>>This difficulty in doing this may be that it is already grounded at=20
>>some other point (say, through the computer power plug), so that=20
>>adding this second ground contact will produce what is called a
> I hope that doesn't happen. The shield is not connected to the amp boar=
> it self or to the geophone.
But that means that the cable shield (that is intended to keep any=20
external electric fields from driving capacitive current signals into=20
any of the shielded conductors) is not necessarily grounded to a=20
potential that the amplifiers consider to be zero volts. The=20
instantaneous potential to one point on the Earth can be quite=20
different than the potential at some other point, since atmospheric,=20
subterranean and the electrical power system dump current into various=20
points on the Earth at any particular moment, and those currents drop=20
voltage as they spread out in the Earth.
The only way a cable shield keeps external signals out of the shielded=20
conductors is if the shield is held at whatever potential the=20
receiving electronics considers to be zero volts. You need to find=20
the signal common (zero volts as far as the electronics sees the=20
universe) and tie the shield to that. If the geophone has a shield=20
connection, it also should be tied to that potential through the cable=20
shield, or a spare conductor running through that shield.
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rpn-expression that defines the formula. Consolidation functions are then applied normally to the PDPs of the COMPUTE data source (that is the rpn-expression is only applied to generate PDPs). In database software, such data sets are referred to as "virtual" or "computed" columns.
heartbeat defines the maximum number of seconds that may pass between two updates of this data source before the value of the data source is assumed to be *UNKNOWN*.
min and max define the expected range values for data supplied by a data source. If min and/or max are specified any value outside the defined range will be regarded as *UNKNOWN*. If you do not know or care about min and max, set them to U for unknown. Note that min and max always refer to the processed values of the DS. For a traffic-COUNTER type DS this would be the maximum and minimum data-rate expected from the device.
If information on minimal/maximal expected values is available, always set the min and/or max properties. This will help RRDtool in doing a simple sanity check on the data supplied when running update.
rpn-expression defines the formula used to compute the PDPs of a COMPUTE data source from other data sources in the same . It is similar to defining a CDEF argument for the graph command. Please refer to that manual page for a list and description of RPN operations supported. For COMPUTE data sources, the following RPN operations are not supported: COUNT, PREV, TIME, and LTIME. In addition, in defining the RPN expression, the COMPUTE data source may only refer to the names of data source listed previously in the create command. This is similar to the restriction that CDEFs must refer only to DEFs and CDEFs previously defined in the same graph command.
When pre-filling the new RRD file using one or more source RRDs, the DS specification may hold an optional mapping after the DS name. This takes the form of an equal sign followed by a mapped-to DS name and an optional source index enclosed in square brackets.
For example, the DS
specifies that the DS named a should be pre-filled from the DS named b in the second listed source file (source indices are 1-based).
RRA:CF:cf arguments
The purpose of an RRD is to store data in the round robin archives (RRA). An archive consists of a number of data values or statistics for each of the defined data-sources (DS) and is defined with an RRA line.
When data is entered into an RRD, it is first fit into time slots of the length defined with the -s option, thus becoming a primary data point.
The data is also processed with the consolidation function (CF) of the archive. There are several consolidation functions that consolidate primary data points via an aggregate function: AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, LAST.
the average of the data points is stored.
the smallest of the data points is stored.
the largest of the data points is stored.
the last data points is used.
Note that data aggregation inevitably leads to loss of precision and information. The trick is to pick the aggregate function such that the interesting properties of your data is kept across the aggregation process.
The format of RRA line for these consolidation functions is:
RRA:{AVERAGE | MIN | MAX | LAST}:xff:steps:rows
xff The xfiles factor defines what part of a consolidation interval may be made up from *UNKNOWN* data while the consolidated value is still regarded as known. It is given as the ratio of allowed *UNKNOWN* PDPs to the number of PDPs in the interval. Thus, it ranges from 0 to 1 (exclusive).
steps defines how many of these primary data points are used to build a consolidated data point which then goes into the archive. See also "STEP, HEARTBEAT, and Rows As Durations".
rows defines how many generations of data values are kept in an RRA. Obviously, this has to be greater than zero. See also "STEP, HEARTBEAT, and Rows As Durations".
Aberrant Behavior Detection with Holt-Winters Forecasting
In addition to the aggregate functions, there are a set of specialized functions that enable RRDtool to provide data smoothing (via the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm), confidence bands, and the flagging aberrant behavior in the data source time series:
These RRAs differ from the true consolidation functions in several ways. First, each of the RRAs is updated once for every primary data point. Second, these RRAs are interdependent. To generate real-time confidence bounds, a matched set of SEASONAL, DEVSEASONAL, DEVPREDICT, and either HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT must exist. Generating smoothed values of the primary data points requires a SEASONAL RRA and either an HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT RRA. Aberrant behavior detection requires FAILURES, DEVSEASONAL, SEASONAL, and either HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT.
The predicted, or smoothed, values are stored in the HWPREDICT or MHWPREDICT RRA. HWPREDICT and MHWPREDICT are actually two variations on the Holt-Winters method. They are interchangeable. Both attempt to decompose data into three components: a baseline, a trend, and a seasonal coefficient. HWPREDICT adds its seasonal coefficient to the baseline to form a prediction, whereas MHWPREDICT multiplies its seasonal coefficient by the baseline to form a prediction. The difference is noticeable when the baseline changes significantly in the course of a season; HWPREDICT will predict the seasonality to stay constant as the baseline changes, but MHWPREDICT will predict the seasonality to grow or shrink in proportion to the baseline. The proper choice of method depends on the thing being modeled. For simplicity, the rest of this discussion will refer to HWPREDICT, but MHWPREDICT may be substituted in its place.
The predicted deviations are stored in DEVPREDICT (think a standard deviation which can be scaled to yield a confidence band). The FAILURES RRA stores binary indicators. A 1 marks the indexed observation as failure; that is, the number of confidence bounds violations in the preceding window of observations met or exceeded a specified threshold. An example of using these RRAs to graph confidence bounds and failures appears in rrdgraph.
The SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL RRAs store the seasonal coefficients for the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm and the seasonal deviations, respectively. There is one entry per observation time point in the seasonal cycle. For example, if primary data points are generated every five minutes and the seasonal cycle is 1 day, both SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL will have 288 rows.
In order to simplify the creation for the novice user, in addition to supporting explicit creation of the HWPREDICT, SEASONAL, DEVPREDICT, DEVSEASONAL, and FAILURES RRAs, the RRDtool create command supports implicit creation of the other four when HWPREDICT is specified alone and the final argument rra-num is omitted.
rows specifies the length of the RRA prior to wrap around. Remember that there is a one-to-one correspondence between primary data points and entries in these RRAs. For the HWPREDICT CF, rows should be larger than the seasonal period. If the DEVPREDICT RRA is implicitly created, the default number of rows is the same as the HWPREDICT rows argument. If the FAILURES RRA is implicitly created, rows will be set to the seasonal period argument of the HWPREDICT RRA. Of course, the RRDtool resize command is available if these defaults are not sufficient and the creator wishes to avoid explicit creations of the other specialized function RRAs.
seasonal period specifies the number of primary data points in a seasonal cycle. If SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL are implicitly created, this argument for those RRAs is set automatically to the value specified by HWPREDICT. If they are explicitly created, the creator should verify that all three seasonal period arguments agree.
alpha is the adaption parameter of the intercept (or baseline) coefficient in the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm. See rrdtool for a description of this algorithm. alpha must lie between 0 and 1. A value closer to 1 means that more recent observations carry greater weight in predicting the baseline component of the forecast. A value closer to 0 means that past history carries greater weight in predicting the baseline component.
beta is the adaption parameter of the slope (or linear trend) coefficient in the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm. beta must lie between 0 and 1 and plays the same role as alpha with respect to the predicted linear trend.
gamma is the adaption parameter of the seasonal coefficients in the Holt-Winters forecasting algorithm (HWPREDICT) or the adaption parameter in the exponential smoothing update of the seasonal deviations. It must lie between 0 and 1. If the SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL RRAs are created implicitly, they will both have the same value for gamma: the value specified for the HWPREDICT alpha argument. Note that because there is one seasonal coefficient (or deviation) for each time point during the seasonal cycle, the adaptation rate is much slower than the baseline. Each seasonal coefficient is only updated (or adapts) when the observed value occurs at the offset in the seasonal cycle corresponding to that coefficient.
If SEASONAL and DEVSEASONAL RRAs are created explicitly, gamma need not be the same for both. Note that gamma can also be changed via the RRDtool tune command.
smoothing-window specifies


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Lewis' Insights on Negotiating With People Around the World
|Young businessman. Photo: Graphicstock|
A world traveler who speaks ten languages, British linguist Richard Lewis decided he was qualified to plot the world's cultures on a chart.
He did so while acknowledging the dangers of stereotypes.
"Determining national characteristics is treading a minefield of inaccurate assessment and surprising exception," Lewis wrote. "There is, however, such a thing as a national norm."
Many people think he nailed it, as his book " When Cultures Collide," now in its third edition, has sold more than one million copies since it was first published in 1996 and was called "an authoritative roadmap to navigating the world's economy," by the Wall Street Journal.
Lewis plots countries in relation to three categories:
Linear-actives — those who plan, schedule, organize, pursue action chains, do one thing at a time. Germans and Swiss are in this group.
Multi-actives — those lively, loquacious peoples who do many things at once, planning their priorities not according to a time schedule, but according to the relative thrill or importance that each appointment brings with it. Italians, Latin Americans and Arabs are members of this group.
Reactives — those cultures that prioritize courtesy and respect, listening quietly and calmly to their interlocutors and reacting carefully to the other side's proposals. Chinese, Japanese and Finns are in this group.
He says that this categorization of national norms does not change significantly over time:
The behavior of people of different cultures is not something willy-nilly. There exist clear trends, sequences and traditions. Reactions of Americans, Europeans, and Asians alike can be forecasted, usually justified and in the majority of cases managed. Even in countries where political and economic change is currently rapid or sweeping (Russia, China, Hungary, Poland, Korea, Malaysia, etc.) deeply rooted attitudes and beliefs will resist a sudden transformation of values when pressured by reformists, governments or multinational conglomerates.
Here's the chart that explains the world:
Lewis' insights on negotiating with people around the world.
- Americans lay their cards on the table and resolve disagreements quickly with one or both sides making concessions.
- Canadians are inclined to seek harmony but are similar to Americans in their directness.
- People in the UK tend to avoid confrontation in an understated, mannered, and humorous style that can be either powerful or inefficient.
- Germans rely on logic but "tend to amass more evidence and labor their points more than either the British or the French."
- When meeting with the French, be prepared for a vigorous, logical debate.
- Italians "regard their languages as instruments of eloquence" and take a verbose, flexible approach to negotiations.
- Like Italians, Spaniards will "pull out every stop if need be to achieve greater expressiveness."
- Among the Nordic countries, Swedes often have the most wide-ranging discussions.
- Finns tend to value concision.
- Most Norwegians fall somewhere in between Swedes and Finns.
- Danes are sly negotiators - skilled at discretely getting their way.
- The Swiss tend to be straightforward, nonaggressive negotiators. They obtain concessions by expressing confidence in the quality and value of their goods and services.
- Hungarians value eloquence over logic and are unafraid to talk over each other.
- The Dutch are focused on facts and figures but "are also great talkers and rarely make final decisions without a long 'Dutch' debate, sometimes approaching the danger zone of over-analysis."
- The Chinese tend to be more direct than the Japanese and some other East Asians. However, meetings are principally for information gathering, with the real decisions made elsewhere.
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These bus terminals eliminate the need for small stepper motors up to 200 W to have remote amplifiers. With a size of only 12 mm, the KL2531 Bus Terminal is designed for simple integration into a 24-Vdc control-voltage system. Its peak current is 1.5 A/phase. KL2541 modules offer higher performance comparable to that of small servodrives. They provide a peak current of 5 A to generate a torque of 5 Nm in conjunction with a standard stepper motor. The supply voltage of up to 50 Vdc enables high speeds with torque. The KL2541 has an integrated incremental encoderinterface. Both stepper-motor terminals provide two controlled sine/cosine currents. A 25-kHz current-control enables smooth current output without resonance. The current resolution is 64 steps per period: 64-fold microstepping. A standard motor with a 1.8° step angle runs smoothly and can be set to up to 12,800 electronic positions per turn.
Beckhoff Automation LLC
12204 Nicollet Ave. S
Burnsville, MN 55337
_PHONE_


behaviour to save_file_dialog - if
 a non existing file is entered, it reports an error.
 message_dialog(string, string)
 Brings up a message dialog with the given title and message.
 error_dialog(string, string)
 Brings up an error dialog with the given title and message.
 int query_dialog(string, string, string, ...)
 Brings up a query dialog. Takes a header, a prompt and a number
 of alternative buttons. Returns the button number or -1 on canSets the status line of the current editor. The status line will
 return to its usual when a key is pressed. This can be used with
 getkey() to inform the user of possible key presses.
 string status_input(string, string)
 Sets the status line to an entry widget with the first argument
 as the prompt string, and the second argument as the default
 text. Returns the entered text or None if Esc is pressed.
 (string, int) get_key()
 This blocks waiting for a key press, and grabs the application.
 It returns the string equivalent of the key press as in the X
 Window header file keysymdef.h without the XK_ prefix. It also
 returns the current state of the keyboard modifiers, being the
 inclusive or of ShiftMask ... etc. as listed above.
 The following function allows display of shell output as those in the
 Scripts menu.
 int shell_output(string, string, string)
 This displays the output of a shell command continuously in its
 own window in the background. As always, clicking on file:line
 type messages will cause the editor to jump to that file and
 line number.
 The arguments are: the title of the output dialog, the shell
 program (which should begin with #!/bin/sh or similar), and a
 unique descriptive magic string that identifies the dialog. An
 example of a magic string is FindfIlEmAgiC used by the find file
 dialog - if you use the same magic string, then a new window
 will not be created if the find file display window exists.
 The following functions manipulate editor windows:
 (string, ...) get_editors()
 Returns a tuple with an entry for each editor window. These are
 the full path names of the open files.
 Sets the current editor with the full path name. This allows manipulation of a different edit buffer, but does not set input to
 that buffer.
 Raises and the current editor window and sets the input focus to
 the current editor.
 Close the current edit window. If a non-zero value is passed,
 then this forces a close, regardless of whether the buffer is
 modified or not.
 Create a new editor window with no text in it.
 Load a file into the current window. This will replace any text
 in the current edit window.
 The following are further miscellaneous commands:
 Executes an arbitrary editor command. These are listed in the
 Define Keys dialog.
 After the edit buffer has been modified, the window must refresh. Usually just the current line is redrawn. If you have
 made changes which may reflect a different display on other
 lines, then call redraw_page() before returning to ensure that
 the entire screen displays correctly.
 string file_type([string])
 Forces the current file type as though you had selected it from
 the Options, Syntax highlighting... menu item. Forcing the type
 disables automatic file type selection for this window thereafter. The old file type is returned.
 If no arguments are passed, file_type just returns the current
 file type. This is useful for creating actions specific to the
 type of text being edited.
 New syntax rule sets are being added all the time, but the
 passed and returns string is least one of:
 Unified Diff Output
 Context Diff Output
 LSM File
 Shell Script
 Perl Program
 Python Program
 NROFF Source
 HTML File
 Pascal Program
 Ada Program
 LaTeX 2.09 Document
 Texinfo Document
 C/C++ Program
 SWIG Source
 Java Program
 SmallTalk Program
 ML Program
 GNU Distribution ChangeLog File
 Mail folder
 Syntax Highlighting definitions
 As of version 3.6.0, cooledit has syntax highlighting. This means that
 highlighted in different colours. The following section explains the
 format of the file ~/.cedit/syntax.
 The file ~/.cedit/Syntax is rescanned on opening of any new editor
 file. It contains a list of file types and how to identify what rule
 set the text you are editing belongs to. The file token dictates how to
 match up your text. On the same line as a file token must appear a regular expression to match the filename, a string to be displayed on the
 left of the editor window for description purposes, and a regular expression to match the first line of the file. If either of the regular
 expressions match, the file is deemed to have the particular type. For
 file..\*\\.(py|PY])$ Python\sProgram ^#!\s\*/.\*/python
 Will cause a file to be labelled as Python Program if it contains say,
 #!/usr/bin/python, on the first line OR of it ends in say.py.
 Note that *, + and \ have to be escaped with a \, and space must be
 presented with a \s.
 After the file keyword may come the include keyword. The include keyword says to load a rule set from a separate file, and is the preferred
 way of adding new rule sets. The path from where it loads defaults to
 cooledit/syntax/ under the lib/ directory where you installed Cooledit.
 See the examples in your own Syntax file and in this directory.
 Each rule set is divided into contexts, and each context contains keyword definitions. A context is a scope within the text that a particular set of keywords applies to. For instance, the region within a C
 style quote (i.e. between " quotations) has its own separate colour and
 hence its own separate context. Within it, the normal C tokens, like if
 and while, will not apply, but %d should be highlighted in a different
 colour. Contexts are usually for when you have something that must be
 coloured across multiple lines. The default context contains the list
 of keywords to fall back on should there be no other applicable context. This is usually normal programming code.
 A trivial C programming rule set might look like this:
 wholechars abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_
 # default colors
 context default
 keyword whole if yellow/24
 keyword whole else yellow/24
 keyword whole for yellow/24
 keyword whole while yellow/24
 keyword whole do yellow/24
 keyword whole switch yellow/24
 keyword whole case yellow/24
 keyword whole static yellow/24
 keyword whole extern yellow/24
 keyword { brightcyan/14
 keyword } brightcyan/14
 keyword '*' green/6
 # C comments
 context /\* \*/ brown/22
 # C preprocessor directives
 context linestart # \n brightred/18
 keyword \\\n yellow/24
 # C string constants
 context " " green/6
 keyword %d yellow/24
 keyword %s yellow/24
 keyword %c yellow/24
 keyword \\" yellow/24
 Each context starts with a line of the form:
 [linestart] delim [foreground] [background]
 One exception is the first context. It must start with the command
 context default [foreground] [background]
 or else cooledit will return an error.
 The linestart option dictates that delim must start at the beginning of
 a line.
 The whole option tells that delim must be a whole word. What constitutes a whole word are a set of characters that can be changed at any
 point in the file with the wholechars command. The wholechars command
 at the top just sets the set exactly to its default and could therefore
 have been omitted. To


Why Are There Mysterious Pac-Men on Saturn's Moons?S
After discovering Pac-Man on the Death Staraka Mimas—NASA has discovered a new Pac-Man in Tethys. And they still don't know why the hell this shape appears, but they have a theory:
Scientists theorize that the Pac-Man thermal shape on the Saturnian moons occurs because high-energy electrons bombard low latitudes on the side of the moon that faces forward as it orbits around Saturn, turning a fluffy surface into hard-packed ice. As a result, the altered surface does not heat as rapidly in the sunshine or cool down as quickly at night as the rest of the surface, similar to how a boardwalk at the beach feels cooler during the day but warmer at night than the nearby sand.
The most surprising thing about the Tethys Pac-Man is that it also appears on visible-light images, not only thermal analysis. I can't wait till the discover Mario jumping on Titan. [NASA]


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Each year more than 4 million homeless pets are killed as a result of overpopulation, but families who adopt from animal shelters or rescue groups can help preserve these lives and support the growing trend of socially responsible holiday shopping. Best Friends Animal Society encourages families this holiday season to give the precious gift of life by adopting homeless pets rather than buying from breeders, pet stores or online retailers.
Also, resist the urge to surprise a friend or family member with a living gift. Choosing the right pet is an extremely personal decision, one that should be made carefully by the adults who will be caring for the animal for its 15- to 20-year lifetime. Instead, offer an adoption gift certificate paired with a basket of pet care items or stuffed animal for the holiday itself, and then let the person or family choose the actual pet that feels right to them.
Once you've decided to adopt, keep in mind that welcoming a pet into your life is a big decision and requires important preparation. Best Friends offers tips and advice to help make a smooth transition at home:
* Determine roles and responsibilities – Before bringing home a new pet, discuss what roles and responsibilities each family member will take on. Who will be in charge of feeding, walks, changing the litter box and taking your pet for regular visits to the vet? Giving each family member a specific task will help everyone feel involved, especially young children.
* Prep the house – Adding a pet to the house means adding new items to your shopping lists. For dogs, the basics are a collar and leash, chew toys, a kennel and dog bed. Cats need a litter box and litter, a scratching post and a carrying crate for transportation. Also don't forget food and toys.
* Have your pet spayed/neutered – Spaying or neutering is one of the greatest gifts you can provide your pet and community. It not only helps control the overabundance of pets, but can also help prevent medical and behavioral problems from developing. Most shelters include this with the adoption package or can recommend a local veterinarian in your area, so check with the staff at the shelter before you leave.
* Research community rules and resources – Do a little research on what identification (tags, microchips, etc.) you might need for your pet. Scout out the local dog parks and runs for future outdoor fun, and make sure you know where emergency vet clinics or animal hospitals are located.
* Set limits – Having pre-determined rules will create consistency in training and help make the home a pleasant environment for you and your pet. Will your pet be allowed to snuggle with you in bed or curl up with you on your furniture? Will treats be limited to one a day? It's important to discuss these questions as a family before your new family member arrives.
An estimated 17 million people will be adding pets to their families this year, so this season, help bring some holiday cheer to a homeless pet by adopting your newest companion.


The centrepiece of the Jewish Heritage Centre's exhibition is our recreated mid 19th century Eastern European rural village. Known as a "shtetl", the village was the centre of Jewish life in Europe and Russia from medieval times until World War II.
The village showcases the rich variety of Jewish festivals and traditions utilising videos and stimulating the senses with hands-on activities.
Come and explore the Scribe's House where parchments and feather quills, scrolls and prayer boxes can all be handled.
See how preparations were made for the Jewish New Year in the Village Shop.
Sit inside a Succah (temporary shelter), or light the Chanukah Menorah (candelabra) in the Candle Store.
Dress up as a villager and take a walk along the cobbled street.
Discover the special ark where the holy Sefer Torah Scrolls (The Bible) are kept in the Village Synagogue and learn how the villagers kept the Sabbath in bygone days in the Village House.
There's something for everyone in our Village Tour and plenty of opportunities to ask questions and handle objects.
Step into the present and see how the kosher dietary laws are kept in our Kosher Discovery Kitchen. With separate areas for dairy and meat visitors can cook up a make believe meaty or milky meal using realistic food props and real cutlery and dishes.
As well as having fun shopping in the Kosher Supermarket shoppers learn how to identify kosher products by identifying labels on packages and looking for kosher "signs". Fill up your shopping basket and pay at the till, but make sure to cook your foods with the correct pots & pans when you unpack your groceries in the kitchen.
In addition to the Kosher Discovery area children can learn about the special foods that Jewish people eat on Passover. Sit down on the giant Seder plate and identify the symbolic foods and why they are eaten. There's a giant onion and boiled egg, lettuce leaves and a chicken bone!
With helpful guides and clear informative posters we welcome all your questions.
"The children were still buzzing on their journey back to school….saying how much they enjoyed it and how much they'd learnt. Absolutely fantastic! "
Rothwell Victoria Junior School
Village 3
Village 4
Village 5
Modern day 8
Village 2
Village 1
Modern day 7
Modern day 6
Modern day 5
Modern day 4
Modern day 3
Modern day 2
Modern day 1
Modern day small
The synagoge
© Jewish Heritage Centre for Children
Modern day 1


text:
Literally, a Sealant is a viscous material which becomes solid after application.
The main uses of a sealant are either to form a protection barrier, to seal
two substrates together, or to fill gaps or holes. Basically this
is a material which has the adhesive and cohesive properties to form a seal.
Sealants form a "bridge" between the surfaces and offer several advantages like versatility, chemical
resistance, and weather resistance. Main market applications are building
and construction, transportation and Do-It-Yourself.
Sealants are classified according to their physical properties: Elastic sealants
have high recovery (over 70%), plastic sealants display only slight or no
recovery at all (up to 20%) and Elasto-plastic and plasto-elastic sealants
with properties in between.


Review your most oft-used UNIX commands
IBM author Michael Stutz lists several ways UNIX users can benchmark and increase their productivity at the command line. One is to use the built in history tool to review what programs you use the most, using this command:
The result will be a list of commands you've issued ordered by frequency. This is a fabulous way to identify what commands could use a shorter alias; for example, if I type ssh 20 times a day, it's worth setting up an alias like sshg to get that done in fewer keystrokes. What commands show up the most in your history? Let us know in the comments.


text:
How to Make an Overhand Knot
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The OH is the most commonly used knot on the planet. You probably use it everyday without knowing it.
Step by Step
Step 1: Take your cord and make a loop as in Fig. 1. (The red end is the cord end)
Step 2: Take the end of the cord and slide it under the loop, and through the hole of the loop to make a pretzel shape as in Fig. 2
Step 3: Pull tight, and you're done!
Using an OH to Make a Loop
If you need to make a loop at the beginning of a hemp bracelet or necklace, follow these instructions:
- Take your cords (usually there are two long lengths), and fold them in half.
- Take the folded end in your dominant hand, and make the same loop as in Fig. 1, only instead of just one piece of cord, you have the two folded cord ends.
- Slip the folded end under and through the loop.
Pull tight. Your finished loop should look something like Fig. 4 below.
Tip: If the loop doesn't look nice and neat, try holding the end tightly in one hand, and gently but firmly pull each strand one by one until you are pleased with your handiwork :)
Did you enjoy this article? Please give it a "like" to let us know ~Christine
Related Books and Supplies
Here are some great books to check out if you're interested in learning more about how to make friendship bracelets. We've set you up with some tools of the trade, too! ;)
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Return from How to Make an Overhand Knot to How to Make Jewelry Home


text:
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Valley of the Kings (Egypt)
The royal necropolis (burial site) of the Valley of the Kings is located on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes. It was used as the burial place for the kings of the New Kingdom (about _PHONE_ BC) from as early as the reign of Thutmose I (about _PHONE_ BC). The last tomb to be constructed was that of Ramesses XI (about _PHONE_ BC), but it is likely that the tomb was not used and that he was buried near Piramesse, the Ramesside capital. The tombs consisted of a series of rock cut corridors and chambers and were decorated with images of the king being accepted into the company of the gods, as well as with scenes from various funerary books.
The Valley of the Kings is actually two valleys. The East Valley is the main cemetery of the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasty (that is, about _PHONE_ BC). The tomb of Tutankhamun is the most famous and was discovered almost intact by Howard Carter in 1922. The larger West Valley was used for only two royal tombs, those of Amenhotep III and Ay. Because the Valley of the Kings was systematically looted during the Twenty-first Dynasty (about 1070-945 BC), the bodies of many of the kings of the New Kingdom were gathered together and hidden in a tomb at Deir el-Bahari. Others were cached in the tomb of Amenhotep II.