The level 9 spell imprisonment states that
But the spell does not state if this creature can be injured or killed during this state.
Does this mean if a wizard decides to imprison a creature, another creature can kill or whittle away at the imprisoned creature?
By RAW - yes, but it depends on the form of imprisonment
Firstly, rules-as-written describe the spell Imprisonment fundamentally as a restraint, not something that grants immunity to damage or death:
Given the context of the forms of imprisonment (burial, chaining, hedge prison, etc.) it's clear that the purpose of removing the requirement to eat, breathe and age is to keep the prisoner alive in the context of the prison itself. This doesn't necessarily mean the prisoner can't be harmed by other means. (Just like a "regular" prisoner, who is sustained by the infrastructure of the prison, can still be beaten up or killed by the wardens or fellow inmates).
Form of Imprisonment
That being said, the ability to actually access the prisoner in order to do them harm depends heavily on which form of the Imprisonment spell you choose to use:
Slumber and Chaining keep the prisoner easily accessible, and within the reach of a convenient beating/smackdown. These are essentially souped up versions of Sleep and Hold Person.
Burial, Hedged Prison and Minimus Containment specify quite explicitly that it is near-impossible to physically access the prisoner (perhaps not without a Wish spell and some generous DM-ruling).
 - \$\begingroup\$ Could the hedged prison in & of itself be damaging to the creature(s) so imprisoned? (a water creature being imprisoned in a demiplane of fire, lacking an air supply, drains the level of those contained therein, etc). In terms of the minimus containment, would the gem be able to be used for another purpose (casting a spell, which would consume the gem in the process). Also, the terms of the imprisonment breaking could be creative, such that the moment it ended, it would spell death for the creature so contained (lava, deep underwater, far above the clouds & have them drop to their death!) \$\endgroup\$ – Jesse Cohoon Aug 7 '16 at 18:37
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ That is a different question (possibly two or three different questions) from the question here, which is about whether others can physically attack an imprisoned creatures. Since those are different questions, the answer shouldn't be expected to or prodded to answer them. You should ask them as a separate question(s). \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Aug 8 '16 at 16:37
Your Answer


text:
Garbage in, Garden Out, The Recycling Gardner Discusses Carbon
Two Basic Laws
John: OK Professor, I like the garden, everything seems to operate well, but you are a scientist, how do you reduce the garden into simple laws that explain things?
RN: Hmm, how about just two? There are two laws to understanding your soil, plants, and almost everything else. You know them, they are really simple, and really important but most people tend to apply them only to the field they are familiar with. You are a teacher, you should understand they apply to most things if not everything that happens. The good news is you cannot violate them, they are laws of nature you already know.
John: You mean the first and second laws of thermodynamics?
RN: Yes, the very foundation of all science and all laws of science. Let's state them formally. The first one is this: Matter is not currently being created or destroyed. This is called the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Why is that helpful to my gardening?
Assume for a second that you need potassium in your soil to help your plants grow. Plants need potassium. Every cell of a plant needs potassium, so, when you peel a cantaloupe or watermelon, think about the potassium that is in the rind.
Right, there is potassium there! But what if I put it in the garden, say, in the compost or in the ground. This is where that really simple rule applies. The potassium, being a mineral, or a metal, isn't going to vaporize, it will remain in the compost or in the ground where you put it.
Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen are different of course because they can turn into gasses and return to the atmosphere. But again, if they are in a plant of animal breaking down in the soil, most of it will stay in the ground until it is released by bacteria, fungi, or taken up in a plant. The soils do not give up carbon easily, but it does do so slowly, neither does water, nature seems to have a law that keeps as much carbon in the soil or water as possible because life forms need it.
John: OK, so much for the first law....
Orchid Cactus, Epiphyllum, or Nopalxochia, or Disocactus
The Second Law
RN: Here is the Second Law: Things are constantly reorganized, specifically they become less organized. This is always true.
Complex things like plants die and break down into simple things, unless it is alive and then a lot of energy is used to build it up into a complex item, but this still applies because the overall system is less organized simple because it takes a lot of energy to do this. This energy often comes from the sun where that disorganization took place and the heat left the sun as a very small percent of it reaches us on the earth. So the law holds.
I use this in the garden both for things like making humates or making compost where you start out with very complex plants (again, which used energy from the sun to build their complex structures) and then break down into thousands of slightly less complex things, then millions of even less complex things. In other words, things tend to get less organized unless something alive organizes them.
Humans are intelligent so I can organize my garden into something that looks nice, but if I leave it alone, it will degrade into something much less appealing. OK, this explains you kid's bedroom, but how about the my garden?
John: I was just about to ask that.
RN: So the question is asked, is nature perfect, or the highest order of things or can intelligent life like ourselves create something prettier, more useful, or in other ways improve what is there? Well, let me talk you through three photos I have taken. One of a desert terminal basin that is, where water flows in but only evaporates as a way of escape. Salt is left in the soil (the law of conservation, again) and the only life is the occasional flying bug transiting the basin. The second is a rain forest in Sought Eastern Alaska where the trees live, then die and decay feeding the ground, and every few yards there is a shrub or bush, tree or fern. Lastly, and you ought to look up photos of this on the web, Butchart Gardens on Victoria Island, an incredibly beautiful garden.
Whether you like it or not, we do live in a world with natural hierarchies. By that I mean some things are better than others, just as some school are better than others, some boxers are better than others, and so forth. Having visited these three areas, I can say definitively that Butchart is by far the best place to be, followed in this example by the rain forest, and lastly, if you mush, the least attractive is the desert location. If you don't like flowers or trees and do like dune buggies you are free to disagree, but that simply means you have a slightly different value applied to each, there is still a hierarchy.
So, can man improve on nature? Oh, yes we can, at points.
Can we help nature, as well as hurt it? Yes, we can.
So humans are not listless and helpless in the world, we can choose to improve things, but I digress, back to the second law...
Well, I was outside trimming a vine a while ago and a garden ornamental plastic frog fell off the small shelf and very rapidly disorganized. What was previously a frog ornament is now just so much trash. It took someone a fairly long time to make it, or to make the molds and plastics that were used to make it, and to paint it, then to ship it, sell it, and so on. It only took a second to make it less useful. Disorganization can at times happen swiftly.
There are lots of more helpful applications of this law in the garden besides my ornamental frog, or the compost or the garbage you plant in the soils. You see, even when a plant is using the sun's energy to build up, it is still throwing off things it does not need. One of these is oxygen, but some plants give off leaves, twigs, even branches while they are growing.
Deciduous plants, of course, give off all their leaves every year, and all of this can be useful in the soil or on the soil as it breaks down and back to the soil it goes.
So here are two rules, actually scientific laws that help you understand how the garden works. And, yes, those rules apply all the time and every time a molecule breaks apart into a simpler molecule releasing (disorganizing) energy, and every time a growing plant uses the sun's energy to build something into a larger molecule or a structure, energy is lost in the process, it always applies.
John: Now wait just a second, science? Back the truck up.
RN: This is really easy science. These laws actually explain how all physical things work at their most basic. All other scientific laws are based primarily on these two laws and one other which is less useful as long as there is any measureable heat and someone to measure it. I promise to tie this back to my garden. If you will just indulge me for a minute longer.
John: Sure, go right ahead.
RN: You see in the entire physical universe from the largest of things to the smallest things, everything functions by these two laws. There are others, but these are the big two.
Again, no matter is being made or destroyed right now, and things that are highly organized are becoming less organized.
These really are the two basic laws that all science is based on. Formally they are called the first and second laws of thermodynamics, that is, heat, or energy movement laws. They are really simple, but also very profound.
Later we will talk about how nature tries to preserve carbon compounds using these laws. Carbon is made into very highly complex molecules by plants, then, when it breaks down, there are really thousands of useful compounds produced, used, reused, broken down even further, made into new compounds, and so on and so forth. Carbon is biologically expensive and uses sunlight to be made into these even more expensive compounds, so try not to waste them.
John: In the garden you mean?
RN: Yes, of course. A plant uses the energy it gets from the sun, adds water and carbon from both the air and from the ground to make sugars which are then made into these very complex carbon molecules. If the plant doesn't have enough, the energy is simply lost. So carbon in the air and ground is very important to your plants and you can help by putting it in the ground which really needs a lot more than it is getting, at east in your yard.
Carbon is continuously being exchanged in the atmosphere, geology (carbonates), water (bicarbonates and carboxylates) and in living things (all categories of carbon).
Let's look at the cycles for a second. Realize also cycles happen with every element, but especially carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
How is carbon removed from the atmosphere? The primary producers of complex compounds made from carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are green plants and green bacteria called (wrongly) blue-green algae. All of these are classified as photoautotrophs, meaning the feed themselves automatically via the sun and their removal of CO2 from the atmosphere is constant and the very basis for most life on earth through photosynthesis.
Bacterial fungi, and animals that consume plants in all forms, that is, degrade them, consume plants that are degrading, or eat the whole plant whether fresh, or

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Speaking Concretely: Sharing is Caring
Coordinating construction-industry projects can be tough. Effectively sharing valuable information makes things a lot easier.
As a project manager in the construction industry, it can be hard to know who is working on what. Coordinating between your team, your subcontractors, your suppliers and the various people on site can be very challenging. This can see you firing off emails in different directions just to get on top of things, instead of being able to focus on the construction design itself or in getting the project done. Does this sound familiar? Well, you are not alone.
Destroying silos and building communication
Construction projects typically involve many people who work for different companies, each of which has a specific set of tasks to fulfill on site. Unfortunately, working as a single team to achieve the same goal can sometimes be harder than creating a building itself!
If the different parties work in silos, the risk of poor communication is high. Silos mean people lack the information they need to do their job properly, and make it harder for the company managing the project to achieve peak performance during the construction process.
Contractors and subcontractors are the ones who typically have access to the data that everyone onsite needs. However, those who are onsite might be using a lot of time looking at some outdated 2D drawings guessing what need to be done next. Finding the right way to share this information and drive the right actions is the key to success in construction.
Sharing information to create one source of truth, a constructible model
Having a unique source of information within which people can share their plans, know-how, and change requests can also help to build a strong bond between the different people working on the same project. People are more likely to collaborate and be innovative when they're all using the same source of information, even more if they are participating in creating it.
Critical decisions are also likely to be better when information flows freely and it is available for all the parties involved in a project, and at every stage of the construction process. Communicative collaboration has a positive effect on work quality by reducing mistakes and misunderstandings, too.
Sharing 3D model information with all parties during the entire construction process
Whether you are at the office or onsite, 3D models help everyone to quickly and easily understand their work requirements. Having the information you need to do your job removes any guesswork, significantly reduces RFIs and other unproductive work, and lowers the potential for error. It's also easier to ensure that construction work progresses on schedule.
Sharing information, collaborating, and creating a constructible 3D model together will save your time and money, and definitely transform the way you do business.
Learn how 3D modeling improves collaboration between the project stakeholders and enhances communication between the field and the office
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Speaking Concretely: Modeling Collaboration
Speaking Concretely: Modeling Collaboration
How creating a source of truth, a 3D model, helps increase collaboration in your concrete construction proj...
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How Automation Improves Concrete Construction Project Profitability
Technology is making it possible to automate a ton of things in the construction workflow that used to only...


What is Ocean Protocol? (OCEAN)
The Beginner's Guide
Built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, the Ocean protocol uses 'datatokens' to gate access to data sets. The tokens are then redeemed by users who need access to the information.
Ocean is seeking to make the data sets on its platform available to startups and researchers, without the data having to leave the hands of those who store it.
Ocean's software is built to facilitate this data exchange, linking users who need data or do not have resources to store it, with those who have resources to spare. In return for their work, providers are awarded OCEAN, Ocean's native cryptocurrency.
The OCEAN token (sometimes referred to as OCEAN coin or OCEAN crypto) is designed to be multipurpose, and is used to validate the best datatokens and to allow users to both participate in governance and buy and sell data.
Further, Ocean enables marketplaces to implement its protocol to connect parties and facilitate transactions between them. For example, Ocean Market, created by the Ocean team, is a place where datatokens are publicly available for trade.
For more regular updates from the Ocean Protocol team, you can bookmark the Ocean Protocol Blog, which includes product details, new releases and project integrations.
What is ocean protocol
Who created Ocean Protocol?
Ocean Protocol was founded in 2017 by Bruce Pon and AI researcher Trent McConaghy, who previously founded BigChainDB, a blockchain database software company.
The project is supported by the Ocean Protocol Foundation, a non-profit based in Singapore, and OceanDAO, a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO).
The Ocean Protocol Foundation raised a total of $26.8 million through several rounds of token offerings, releasing roughly 160 million OCEAN tokens.
How does Ocean Protocol work?
The Ocean Protocol uses custom programs called smart contracts to ensure each datatoken can be exchangeable across Ethereum's blockchain and within its decentralized applications.
To make the system work, Ocean operates through three main components:
 - Providers – Mint datatokens and sell the right to access off-chain data sets
 - Consumers – Purchase datatokens and redeem access to datasets
 - Marketplaces – Connect providers and consumers and facilitate transactions
Ocean Market
The Ocean Market is an automated market maker (AMM) that was built to facilitate the minting and exchange of datatokens.
In contrast to traditional orderbook style trading that matches the 'bids' and 'asks' of participating parties, automated market makers use a collection of liquidity pools, similar to Uniswap and Balancer, that allow each trade to settle through a set of smart contracts.
When a provider seeks to mint and publish a datatoken, they specify several fields to inform consumers about their product, including a title, description, price, and a URL where the data can be found, which is then encrypted and stored on Ethereum.
Ultimately, when consumers decide to redeem a datatoken, the data is decrypted and subsequently downloadable directly from the wallet connected to the marketplace.
Compute-to-Data is Ocean's feature that allows data sharing while preserving user privacy.
Using this method, datatokens allow consumers to leverage certain portions of a dataset to run specific computing jobs, thus supporting the development of research or artificial intelligence, while keeping certain user information private.
Providers can therefore keep datasets on their own servers, and sell portions of it to specific parties, or for particular use cases.
Why does OCEAN have value?
Ocean Protocol's cryptocurrency, OCEAN allows users to buy and sell datatokens, participate in governance, or stake in the Ocean Market.
OCEAN's main use case is its ability to be the unit of exchange for datatokens. Of note, as a token that abides by Ethereum's standards, OCEAN and datatokens are also transferable for other ERC-20 tokens such as ETH, DAI, and many others.
Users who stake OCEAN also help govern the protocol, voting on network upgrade proposals to determine which initiatives to push forward.
Given Ocean Market operates as a marketplace, OCEAN holders may also stake their tokens and provide liquidity to the marketplace. In return, these liquidity providers can earn a percentage of the transaction fees paid by traders that utilize liquidity pools.
Lastly, OCEAN is also critical to OceanDAO operations, as it grants owners the ability to vote on which proposals to fund and guide the future of the project.
Why use OCEAN?
Users may find Ocean Protocol appealing if they wish to monetize a dataset or access data beneficial in research, AI modeling, or general analysis.
The Ocean project may also be interesting to developers who wish to implement tokenized data exchange in a marketplace.
Investors may also seek to add OCEAN to their portfolio should they believe in the future and demand for AI and data sharing markets.
Start buying Cryptocurrency
We don't yet offer OCEAN on Kraken, but check out our entire selection here and signup for an account!


We have often heard that there is a divine power in silence. Many say silence is more powerful than speech. Spiritualists resort to silent meditation as a spiritual practice for achieving perfection. Some take stringent vows of silence during certain periods, if not for the rest of their lives.
If you ask me a question and I answer it by remaining silent, will the purpose be solved? Of course not, as we may be silent with our mouth, unlike our mind which is not very silent. When we try to sit in silent meditation, we realize what happens in our mind. There are so many voices and things which appear. Real silence is when the mind is quiet.
Scriptures describe silence in different ways. On the one hand is material silence, which is achieved by keeping our mouths shut. On the other hand, when we chant God's names and speak about God, it also amounts to silence, because we're not speaking things that bind us to this material existence. We're not gossiping or fault finding. We're not talking just about political matters or of the mundane things of this world. Silence meansno material vibration. Spiritual sound is material silence.
If a small child in school just keeps yelling and disrupting the class, the teacher orders the child to sit in the corner and keep quiet. It's better to be silent in the corner of the room than to be disrupting the whole class. But is that perfection? Perfection is to participate in the class in a constructive way. It's better to do nothing than to be destructive. But better than doing nothing is to be constructive.
So similarly the scriptures talk about silence. They advise us not to speak things that agitate our and others' minds. The perfection of silence however is to be absorbed in loving remembrance of God, and the easiest most powerful way of being thus absorbed, is to chant His holy names:
Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare
Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare
The chanting of God's Holy names and purifying our consciousness through spiritual sound vibration is the perfection of silence!


Image folder contains no images
Apprentice: My Life in the Kitchen (Pepin) - Discussion Questions
Discussion Questions
How to Discuss a Book (helpful discussion tips)
Generic Discussion Questions—Fiction and Nonfiction
Read-Think-Talk (a guided reading chart)
Also, consider these LitLovers talking points to help get a discussion started for The Apprentice:
1. What personal and professional qualities does it take to become a top chef? How difficult is the road to earn the title "chef"? What would you say has made Jacques Pepin so successful?
2. Why does Pepin turn down a job as White House chef to stay with Howard Johnson? What does it say about the kind of person Pepin is? And what does the experience working at HoJo's gain him—what does he learn?
3. Why does Pepin turn to teaching and writing? What does he hope to achieve in the classroom or through books?
4. What has The Apprentice taught you about the different approaches to cooking? Have you learned any new culinary techniques that could be useful in your own kitchen?
5. Pepin shares part of the insider's world of cooking personalities. Talk about some of those culinary figures and some of the anecdotes.
6. For book clubs, have members cook and serve some of the recipes found in the book. Talk about which ones you like best.
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text:
Editor's note: Jonathan Bhalla is research manager for Africa Research Institute, a London based think-tank. Its stated mission is to draw attention to ideas that have worked in Africa and identify new ideas where needed. All its publications are free to download from _URL_
(CNN) -- Political systems in Africa are habitually characterised as nascent, highly personalized and fractious. Elections are portrayed as democracy at an embryonic stage. As Sierra Leoneans head to the polls for the third time since the end of the civil war in 2002, a different narrative is unfolding -- one of innovation and cutting-edge technology.
An often overlooked aspect of the current electoral cycle in Sierra Leone is the use of biometric technology to capture thumb prints and facial features in the registration of voters.
"Credible elections start with credible voter registration," remarked Christiana Thorpe, chief commissioner of Sierra Leone's National Electoral Commission, during a presentation at Africa Research Institute in London in July 2011. For Thorpe, a bloated or inaccurate voter register always has a negative effect on the electoral process.
The optical mark reader system used to register voters in Sierra Leone's 2002 and 2007 elections was manual and only catered for one-off registration. Voter identification cards, which relied on Polaroid photographs and a cold laminate seal, were vulnerable to tampering.
Biometric systems allow for the creation of a permanent electronic register which can be updated as new voters become eligible or existing ones die. They capture data unique to an individual, in addition to biographical information, and can identify whether someone has registered more than once by centrally matching fingerprints.
In Sierra Leone, the system allows for people to move to a different electoral constituency without the need to re-register. Biometric technology has been adopted to help address electoral fraud and increase the transparency, and credibility, of the electoral process.
Biometric voter registration in Sierra Leone follows a regional trend. In 2005, "La Commission Electorale Indépendante" in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) used biometric technology to register more than 25 million voters ahead of the country's first democratic elections in four decades.
In Nigeria, some 65 million people had their pictures taken and fingerprints scanned in preparation for presidential and legislative elections in 2011. Ghana registered more than 12 million voters using biometrics in 2012. In Kenya, after protracted disputes over procurement, 15,000 biometric registration kits have arrived ahead of the elections scheduled for March 2013. Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal and Somaliland have also used biometric technology to register voters.
Technology is only as good as the way it is deployed. In order to identify multiple registrations -- the principal merit of the system -- clean data must be submitted. Finger prints and photographs must be clear and unsullied, which requires trained and capable staff.
For African countries conducting elections with strict -- and limited -- budgets, sophisticated technology is not always the best option. In the DRC, it is questionable whether the advantages of a biometric over a manual registration system justified the cost -- a staggering $58 million.
In Sierra Leone, the integrity of the electoral register has still been questioned by opposition parties who accuse the government of covertly registering individuals under the legal voting age and foreign nationals. Acceptance of the voter roll ultimately depends on the political circumstances in the country.
The greatest limitation of biometric voter registration is that it only counters the symptoms -- not the causes -- of electoral fraud.
In Sierra Leone, there is no historical evidence of a deliberate strategy by any political party to rig elections through multiple registrations. All previous electoral registers have erroneously contained names of the deceased, the under-age and foreign nationals. But the most significant type of electoral misdemeanor has been physical stuffing of ballots and false recording of results by temporary election workers.
Both the All People's Congress and Sierra Leone People's Party, when in power, have at times used their position to fund political campaigns and buy voters. This practice remains widespread. Political parties continue to organize and condone the intimidation of voters, often perpetrated by their youth wings. Biometric technology offers little scope to tackle these transgressions.
Where electoral management is weak, manipulation of polls persists, regardless of the accuracy of the voter register.
In Kenya's 2007 elections, incumbent president Mwai Kibaki defeated his main rival, Raila Odinga, by a margin of 230,000 votes. The result contradicted opinion polls and the parliamentary ballot. Allegations of systematic fraud and dysfunction, particularly within the Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK), further discredited the elections.
In the months leading up to the vote, President Kibaki replaced 15 of the 22-person ECK with new commissioners considered to be his close allies -- none of whom had experience running an election.
In the immediate aftermath of the vote, election observers were barred from entering tallying centers for 48 hours. Election officials announced results from constituencies without supporting documentation from polling stations. Deficiencies with the tabulation of votes were so great that Samuel Kivuitu, chairman of the ECK, subsequently conceded that he "did not know who won the election."
Expectations about technology's role in elections must be realistic. Biometric voter registration is not a "silver bullet" for eliminating fraud and electoral malfeasance. Where institutions are weak, and perpetrators of electoral crimes are not prosecuted, politicians can find ways to achieve undemocratic ends. Elections are more than just a technical exercise.
The opinions in this commentary are solely those of Jonathan Bhalla.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Feed The Beast Wiki
Feed The Beast Wiki
This page was originally created by Whizzball1 - [1].
Mystcraft is a mod that provides you with the ability to create new dimensions to play in, known as Ages. At first the Ages you visit will be random, but as you continue you'll gain the ability to shape these new worlds to your desires.
Ages can vary wildly in appearance. They can be similar or near-identical to the Overworld, or somewhat similar to the Nether, or sky islands similar in style to the End; or they can be completely alien, with strange crystals or tendrils, brightly coloured skies and too many suns.
Safely using Mystcraft requires knowing how to make Linking Books and Descriptive Books, as well as what to keep in your hotbar. It is possible to get stuck in an age, and be unable to return to the Overworld, or any other dimension, without cheating. This is both known, and intentional; this mimics the source material the mod is based on.
Setting Up
In order to start creating new ages you will need:
 - A steady supply of sugarcane for paper
 - A large supply of cows or leather for books
 - A nearby water source capable of spawning squids for ink sacs
 - A couple of glass bottles for Ink Vials
Main article: Linking Book
Linking Books allow you to teleport from anywhere in any dimension to the location where that Linking Book was linked. This is the first type of Mystcraft book that you will want to create. The other type are Descriptive Books, sometimes called Age books, which allow you to create and travel to a new Age. Linking Books are how you get back out of an Age, and are often the only way to return: If you die in an Age, you will respawn in that Age.
To make a Linking Book, you need an Ink Mixer, in which you can use Paper and Ink Vials to create Link Panels. Combine a Link Panel with a piece of Leather to make an Unlinked Link Book. Take it to the location you wish to link to, and face in the direction you want to come out facing in, then right click with the book to create the link.
Warning to server operators: Linking books permit extremely cheap and almost unrestricted teleportation between any place your players have been to. If you want to restrict the free teleportation, look into Linking Tweaks.
Bookstands and Lecterns
Bookstands and Lecterns serve to hold books in safety. Both are identical in function, differing only in their aesthetic appearance.
When you travel through a book, the book you use will stay behind. If you use a book from your inventory, you will drop it as you teleport. Dropped books appear as an entity, not as an item, and can take damage; a book that gets wet, including on the ground when it rains, will take damage, and will eventually be destroyed. A book that is placed in a Lectern or Bookstand will never take damage.
New Ages
Main article: Age Creation
Once you have Linking Books which link back to your home, you can begin to consider going to new Ages. A random Age can be made by putting a linking panel and leather into a Book Binder. Additional pages can be added if you want to influence the resultant world, but are not needed.
For safety, you want to bring at least the following items with you to the new Age:
 1. Three return linking books home. Two in the hotbar, one in inventory.
 2. Two bookstands or lecterns, in hotbar.
 3. A chest, in hotbar.
 4. Some light sources (such as torches, glowstone, etc.), in hotbar.
 5. Recommended: A Potion of Night Vision. Your new age may be a Cave World, which have a similar terrain generation to the Nether, but lacking the natural background lighting and glowstone.
 6. Recommended: Backup weapons, tools and armor. If you die, these might come in handy.
On arrival, plan to do the following:
 1. Immediately place one bookstand/lectern, and place one of the books from your hotbar into it. This is your primary way home. Place down some lighting around it.
 2. Look around. Assess the immediate area, and see what's in the distance. If the world appears to be highly unstable, you can use the book you just placed down to escape.
 3. If you plan to stay for any length of time, then move a short distance away, place down the chest, and into it put the spare linkbook and spare bookstand/lectern from your inventory.
 4. If you brought any backup weapons/tools/armor, leave those in the chest as well. If you die, you'll respawn where you entered, close to this chest.
 5. The third linking book remains in your hotbar at all times. This is your emergency exit, so keep it available!
If you die in this new Age, you will respawn in the Age at the location where you first entered. Upon respawning, the very first thing you should do before anything else is retrieve the backup book from the chest, and place it on your hotbar. Don't forget to replace the book in the chest once you're able to! Alternatively, you may wish to immediately leave the Age using the primary book on the stand/lectern, and retrieve tools/weapons/armor and a new linking book from your home base before returning.
Never remove the last return home linkbook from your hotbar. Keep it available at all times. Regard this as the number one rule of Mystcraft in all cases.
Further reading
There are several topics you can look at to do more with this mod.
The Writing Desk will let you make copies of symbols, and is useful as a place for storing and organising notebooks.
You can use a Notebook to store pages; these can be placed in the writing desk, or used to transfer pages to and from the book binder. (In later versions, the Notebook has been replaced with the very similar Collation Folder and the Symbol Portfolio.)
Archivist villagers can be found in approximately half of the villages generated, and will trade you symbol pages.
Libraries are found in every Mystcraft age. These always have some wood, and stone, as well as lecterns. You will often find Pages in Libraries; this is the main way in which you'll locate new symbols. The wood and stone will always give you access to basic tools, even if the world you are in has no trees or stone ground to work with. Furthermore, if you destroy the book cases there will be a chest in one of the corners; this chest contains pages and sometimes a notebook. Note that in some cases, you might not be able to reach the Libraries.
Crystal blocks can be found in some ages. These glowstone-like blocks can be used to make portals, that a linking book can be placed into. Such a portal can be almost any size (limited by loaded chunks), and will permit arbitrary entities to pass though -- including minecarts (chest, hopper, etc). Some mods, such as RotaryCraft, permit interactions across these portals.
Getting Home Without Linking Books
If you get into trouble, this is what you want to know.
Without Cheats
Every Age has a roughly one in ten chance of containing a Star Fissure, which appears as an irregular-shaped hole located close to the Age's spawn point which passes all the way down through the bedrock into the void. Jumping into a Star Fissure will return you to the Overworld, near spawn - this is the in-game mechanism for getting home, without cheating. You may also be able to find a page for a Star Fissure in a library; if so, you can use that in a book binder to create an Age that is guaranteed to have one.
If you are playing in multiplayer, you may be able to get a friend to enter the Age you are in and bring linking books for you both to leave again.
Using Cheats
If you need to cheat to get home (for example, if you are trapped in a rapidly decaying or otherwise deadly Age), the command to use is "/tpx 0". If you are in single player, and cannot normally use cheats, you can "Open to LAN", and enable cheats there.
If a server op needs to get someone else home, then "/tpx playername 0" will work.
Main article: Instability (Mystcraft)
Instability affects some Ages and manifests itself in various ways; the effects of instability can range from non-stop lightning and detrimental potion effects, to sunlight so intense that it will light you on fire. At its most extreme, the terrain of the Age can be torn apart and consumed by the spread of Decay.
There are two main sources of instability which a player will typically encounter.
Worlds whose symbols cause them to generate extra resources will be unstable. This is often the result of the Dense Ores symbol being used, or a result of a particular terrain feature being made out of a valuable block or liquid. The more valuable the resource, as well as how abundant it is, will determine the amount of instability. The most frequent source of instability tends to be oceans of some mod-added liquid -- Ages with these will generally be so unstable that the Age will need to be abandoned.
The second, usually lesser source of instability is badly written worlds (if you are using the book binder to make customized worlds). If symbols are included in the


text:
Source: C.Michael Hogan
Quercus durata Jeps. (1909)
The Leather Oak, a California endemic, occurs primarily in the California interior chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. It is a species with strong affinity for ultramafic soils, a geochemical class of high magnesium, low calcium and nutrient deficient media. In appearance this is a shrub-like tree whose leathery leaves reveal its common name and obvious membership in the sclerophyll vegetation category, a morphological class of hard leaved species that may occur in such diverse places as Australia, Southern Africa, the Chilean Matorral and the Mediterranean Basin as well as the California Floristic Province.
Q durata has two recognized varieties:
* var. durata, occurs at elevation 150 to 1500 m in the California North and South Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay Area and northern Sierra Nevada foothills. Upper leaf sufaces of this variety are severely convex
* var. gabrielensis occurs at elevation 450 to 1000 m as a limited distribution taxon in the San Gabriel Mountains within San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties
Q. durata manifests as an evergreen shrub typically ranging from 100 to 300 cm in height at maturity, (Jepson) although it can not uncommonly reach 600 cm in height in circumstances where no burn has occurred for 30 to 50 yearsl Yellowish or gray twigs are generally tomentose, and the convex oval to elliptic leaves have spiny apexes and enrolled toothed margins. These leaves typically measure 1.5 to 3.0 cm and are dull puberulent above and short hairy pale green below; leaf petioles are approximately one to five mm; secondary leaf veins are conspicuous. The ovoid to cylindric nuts are 1.5 to 2.5 cm in size. The acorn cap is turbinate in shape and covers approximately one third to one half of the nut.
Sonoma Co. Calif. Source: C.Michael Hogan
Plant associations and distribution
Q. durata is considered highly tolerant of ultramafic soils, (Kruckeberg) those that are high in magnesium and low in calcium and also characteristically high in nickel and chromium content. These soils are often reddish soils are also typically nutrient poor. (Biedleman and Kozloff) Raiche has correctly pointed out that the botanical literature on Q. durata overstates the species reliance on ultramafic substrates, when, in fact, this oak is found on a variety of volcanic and other non-serpentine soils within the California Floristic Province. (Raiche. 2010)
Q durata is the dominant shrub in Sargent Cypress (Hesperocyparis sargentii) woodlands, which occur in coastal portions of Mendocino, Sonoma, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties as well as portions of the San Francisco Bay region. The Cedars in Sonoma County is an example of a Sargent Cypress coastal site. In more protected inland locales this woodland type may extend into a riparian zone where summer fogs persist. (Barbour et al.) Grey Pine (Pinus sabiniana) may occur with Sargent Cypress in northern California, while Coulter Pine (P. coulteri) is a common associate in central and southern California. MacNab Cypress (Hesperocyparis macnabiana) woodlands are a somewhat less common ultramafic plant association where the Leather Oak may be a dominant shrub.
Ultramafic chaparral is another common plant community that is found below elevation 500 meters from Santa Barbara County north through the North Coast Ranges and also within the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and portions of the California Central Valley. Here co-dominant shrubs are Chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), Coffeeberry (Frangula californica), Interior Silktassel (Garrya congdonii). Buckthorn (Rhamnus crocea) and Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia). Scattered taller occurrences of California Bay Laurel (Umbellularia californica), Canyon Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis) and Coast Live Oak (Q agrifolia) are also found here.
Q durata is found outside of serpentine environments (Alexander) such as within the Vaca Mountains of Solano and Napa Counties or Hale Ridge of Lake County. In these cases Leather oaks typically occur as isolated individuals within a backdrop of plant associations dominated by California Scrub Oak (Quercus berberidifolia) and Interior Live Oak (Q. wislizeni).
In the case of Q durata gabrielensis, this variety is commonly found in association with California Ash (Fraxinus dipetala), Chaparral Honeysuckle (Lonicera interrupta), Indian Warrior (Pedicularis densiflora), Silver Puffs (Uropappus lindleyi), Sand Fringepod (Thysanocarpus curvipes), Pinon Wormwood (Artemisia dracunculus) and Succulent Lupine (Lupinus succulentus)
Q. durata and a number of other California oaks have difficulty in re-establishing stands after forest clearing or in colonization of grassland at a chaparral-prairie boundary. This difficulty is not due to germination rates, but rather relates to the harsh environment of high solar insolation, summer aridity and herbivory in the grassland environment, based upon controlled studies at Jasper Ridge and other sites. (Williams et al.)
Q durata is sometimes afflicted by rust fungi of the genus cronartium.(Amer. Phytopathological Soc.) The Leather Oak is a host to other parasitic species such as Cynips washingtonensis, who construct spherical galls on Q durata as well as Valley Oak (Q lobata) and Coastal Sage Scrub Oak (Q dumosa). These young galls appear in early spring and can be quite numerously attached to twigs; this gall is typically engulfed in a mass of velvety hairs. The parasite Andricus crystallinus forms irregularly shaped pallidasal galls that agglomerate into masses on the leaves of Q durata, with individual galls being approximately eight to nine mm in length. The gall wasp Neuroterus saltarorius forms a small one mm subspherical gall on the Q durata leaf as documented in collected specimens from Brentwood, Marysville and Stockton, California.
Native American peoples utilized the Leather Oak as a source of food and medicine.After tannins were leached from the acorns, the resulting product was mashed and made into a nutritious mush, which in concert with other oak species was a culinary staple; one of the chief leaching methods was to place raw acorns in a cloth bag and leave this assembly in a stream for several weeks. Certain of the galls found on Q. durata galls are quite astringent, and their extracts were used by California tribes for treatment of dysentery, hemorrhage and diarrhea.
In modern times the leaf mulch from the Leather Oak is applied to gardens for its efficacy in repelling slugs and grubs. After pupation the gall extracts are utilized for tannins and dyes. (Grieve) Modern day uses also include a coffee product and a thickener for soups and stews.
- Jepson Manual. 1993. Quercus durata, University of California, Berkeley
- Linda H. Biedleman and Eugene N. Kozloff. 2003. Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region: Mendocino to Monterey, 503 pages
- Arthur R. Kruckeberg. 2004. Geology and plant life: the effects of landforms and rock types on plants, page 194
- Michael G. Barbour, Todd Keeler-Wolf, Allan A. Schoenherr. 2007. Terrestrial vegetation of California. page 95
- Earl B. Alexander. 2007. Serpentine geoecology of western North America: geology, soils, and vegetation, 512 pages
- Roger Raiche. 2010. personal communication
- Kimberlyn Williams, Stephen D. Davis, Barbara L. Gartner and Steffan Karlsson, Factors Limiting the Establishment of a Chaparral Oak, Quercus durata Jeps., in Grassland, Symposium on Oak Woodlands and Hardwood Rangeland Management, Oct 31, 1990, Davis, California
- American Phytopathological Society. 1916. Phytopathology, Volume 6, page 229
- M. Grieve. 1984. A Modern Herbal. Penguin Books, Middlesex, England ISBN 014-046-440-9


text:
Think you know a lot about paint, painting, and color? See how many of the following facts you knew before reading them here. Be honest, now! If you know two or more of these facts, you're at the top of the class. Also, be sure to check out Part 1 of this article series; it was so well received that we decided to publish this sequel.
2. Barber poles are painted red and white because in medieval times, barbers were also surgeons. The red and white stripes were used to symbolize clean and bloody bandages.
4. Vincent Van Gogh, who today is regarded as one of the world's greatest artists, sold only one painting during his lifetime.
photo credit: jan.tito
5. In the 1860s, a painted house was a sign of great wealth. Average Americans, who often could not afford to paint their homes, kept up appearances by nailing cedar clapboard to them.
6. After painting London's Blackfriar Bridge green, a color known to be calming and soothing, suicides from the bridge dropped by 34%.
photo credit: Taz etc.
9. Many classical Greek and Roman statues that we see today as plain white marble were originally painted in various colors to make them look more realistic. The paint simply wore away over the centuries.


text:
Date of this Version
The present study is an attempt towards identification, systematization and critical examination of the research literature on the concepts of cloud computing prevalent among the Library and Information professionals. The study is based on an exhaustive review of the published literature in the field of cloud computing and library and information science. For the review, a conceptual framework was developed in order to demarcate the flow of available information. Available strategies, models, frameworks and existing practises of adoption of cloud computing in library practises have been exclusively dealt. Based on the review the study proposes several gaps in the existing literature which needs to be worked out in the future researches. The study will provide a theoretical background for the study of cloud computing with a slant to library and information science discipline.


DML triggers are used to enforce business rules when data is modified and to extend the integrity checking logic of Microsoft SQL Server constraints, defaults, and rules. Which of the following is FALSE regarding DML triggers
 Posted by Bandi on 7/30/2014 | Category: Sql Server Interview questions | Views: 1607 | Points: 40
Select from following answers:
 1. A DML trigger cannot reference objects outside of the current database
 2. You can create a DML trigger only in the current database
 3. A DML trigger cannot be created on a temporary or system table
 4. The WRITETEXT statement does not cause the INSERT or UPDATE triggers to fire.
 5. All Above
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text:
Ultra Low Power
Logic Design with Quantum Cells
One of the most promising nanotechnologies which can replace
the present transistor based CMOS technology is the Quantum-Dot
Cellular Automata. The major advantages of this technology
are lesser power dissipation, improved speed and dense structures.
Currently all logic gates are based on CMOS technology.
With the current pace of scaling CMOS technology is set
to hit a roadblock in the next few years, where it cannot
be further scaled down due to several reasons like tunnel
currents, quantum effects, subthreshold leakage, short channel
effects, fabrication costs and interconnect delay etc. Logic
Design with Quantum Dots is one of the most recent technologies
being researched which allows scaling to continue to atomistic
dimensions. In this particular logic design approach Quantum
Cells are arranged in particular fashion to define the logic.
Each Quantum Cell consists of 4 Quantum Dots. Owing to electron
repulsion and Coulomb blockade electrons are aligned automatically
such that the energy of the system is minimum.
QCA Cell and Operation:
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is based on field coupled
computing. States of a cell change due to mutual interactions
of either electrostatic or magnetic fields. QCA Cell is
the fundamental component of QCA Logic. Each QCA cell is
made of four quantum dots in which two mobile electrons
can be trapped which can tunnel between the dots. Due to
the repulsion between the electrons, two electrons always
take up the diagonal positions. Binary levels are represented
by the positions of the electrons inside the cell unlike
the voltage or current levels as in the CMOS. Figure 1 show
the structures of quantum cell with two different polarizations
(electrons are shown with black filled circular dots).
Majority gate and Inverter are the two basic logic devices
of QCA. Fig.2 shows the structure of the majority gate with
3 inputs, driver cell and output cell. Computation starts
by driving the driver cell to the lowest energy state. Input
cell changes its state by the signal which arrives towards
the driver cell. Driver cell always gets the binary value
of majority of input signals since it is where the repulsion
for the mobile electrons in driver cell is at minimum and
output follows the state of driver cell.
Fig.2 Majority Gate
The logic function for the majority gate is given by M(a,b,c)
= ab+bc+ca with a, b, c as boolean variables. In this way
two input AND, OR gates can be designed by keeping the third
variable as either 0 or 1 respectively.
Inverter is the other basic logic device of QCA. If cells
are placed diagonally to each other then they will have
opposite polarizations. QCA Inverter is designed by this
characteristic, such as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig.3. QCA Inverter
In the case of QCA, the clock signal modulates the inter
dot barrier. QCA designs rely on a set of 4 clocks, phase
shifted with respect to each other. Clock is used to.push.
information from inputs to the output by modifying the cell
tunneling energy.QCA circuits have a four phase clock as
against the CMOS which has only two states high and low
and all the four phases have a phase shift of 90°, as shown
in Fig. 4. Power to the QCA circuit comes from the clock
itself unlike external power supply in case of CMOS. To
assign the clock, the QCA circuit is divided into four sub
arrays and a single potential modulates the inter-dot barriers
in all the cells present in given array. Clock feature allows
the sub array to perform a certain calculation at which
it does not have influence from its successor and it acts
as input to the next sub array, adding the feature of pipelining.
The four phases of clock correspond to switch, hold, release,
and relax. In Switch phase, the barriers are raised and
the QCA cells become polarized according to the state of
input drivers. In the Hold phase, the barriers are kept
high so that the cells in that sub array retain their values.
During the Release phase, the barriers are lowered and the
cells are allowed to relax to unpolarised state. In the
final relax phase the barriers kept on low and the cells
Power Dissipation in QCA:
Unlike computation mechanisms that involve the transfer
of electrons, as in CMOS gates, QCA computation does not
involve electron transfer between adjacent QCA cells. Hence
power dissipation is very less in circuits designed with
QCA cells. Since only few electrons are involved in QCA
computations, it is susceptible to thermal issues. Therefore
it is important to consider power as an important parameter
during the QCA design process. The power loss in clocked
QCA circuits are classified as switching power and leakage
power. Leakage power loss is independent of input states
and occurs when the clock energy is raised or lowered to
polarize or depolarize a cell. Switching power dependents
on input data and occurs when the cell changes the state.
Total power loss can be controlled by varying the rate of
change of transitions in the clocking function.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm working on a Hangman game in Python and I need user validation for the input, which I have made an attempt at, but I don't know why its not working.
My task was to have "error" messages for 1. empty input, 2. non-integer, non-empty input, 3. index out of range input. By index out of range, I mean that I am asking the user for an integer from 0-9 to select a word from the list already in the program.
def getLetterFromUser(totalGuesses):
 while True:
 userInput = input("\nPlease enter the letter you guess:")
 if userInput == '' or userInput =='':
 print("Empty input.")
 elif userInput in totalGuesses:
 print("You have already guessed that letter. Try again.")
 elif userInput not in 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz':
 print("You must enter an alphabetic character.")
 return userInput
For clarity's sake, the subsequent call to getLetterFromUser is in a while loop so that it repeatedly checks these conditions.
EDIT: I took out what didn't belong. Thank you. My problem, however, is that it still tells me the input isn't in alphabet, when it is. And the length of the input(a single char) is 2, which doesn't make sense unless it counts the null character.
share|improve this question
What problem or error are you experiencing? – Mr E Feb 15 '12 at 0:44
Why are you having the user select the word, and why is that option in the "Guess a letter" prompt loop? – Edwin Feb 15 '12 at 0:46
_USER_ My apologies, that if got pasted in there unknowingly. Disregard it, as it goes elsewhere. To others: the error I'm receiving is that no matter what I input, its never right. It usually says "You must enter an alphabetic character", to which I do. Also, I was curious so I checked the length of the input(a single character) and its ALWAYS 2. I don't know why. – trainreq Feb 15 '12 at 0:48
Your question seems related to How to handle both integer and string from raw_input? take look at it :) (obviously what was raw_input in python-2.x is now input in python-3.x) – Rik Poggi Feb 15 '12 at 0:55
In response to your edit, try print(repr(userInput)) to see what's really in there (it won't be a NUL character, those don't work the same way in Python as they do in C - in Python NUL is just another perfectly valid character). – Greg Hewgill Feb 15 '12 at 3:18
4 Answers 4
your problem is that some validation rules should take precedence over others. for example, if userInput is an empty string, what do you expect userInput < 0 to return? what if it's not empty but also not a number?
think about which conditions should be checked first. some functions you might want to read about and use:
"123".isdigit() # checks if a string represents an integer number
" 123 ".strip() # removes whitespaces at the beginning and end.
len("") # returns the length of a string
int("123") # converts a string to an int
share|improve this answer
Here are two things to start with:
what is the purpose of the line
userInput = userInput.lower()
If you are assuming the userInput is an integer.. You should try userInput=int(userInput). Integers have no.lower() method.
the next line
if 0 > userInput or userInput > 9
this assumes userInput is an integer (you are comparing to 0 and 9, not "0" and "9")
the following looks nicer:
if not 0<=userInput<=9
share|improve this answer
You say you want integer answers, but you are not casting the input to an int, but then you say that if the input is not in the alphabet, it should return an error message. You're asking for two different things.
Do you want the user to enter an integer or a character?
share|improve this answer
This may help you:
>>> int(" 33 \n")
>>> int(" 33a asfd")
Traceback (most recent call last):
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '33a asfd'
>>> try:
... int("adsf")
... except ValueError:
... print "invalid input is not a number"
invalid input is not a number
share|improve this answer
I must ask, how do you enter multiline commands in the CLI? – trainreq Feb 15 '12 at 1:00
I was in pyscripter which is an IDE for python. You just press enter to go to the next line. stackoverflow.com/questions/81584/what-ide-to-use-for-python – robert king Feb 15 '12 at 1:17
Your Answer


text:
| || Colour printing: Today and tomorrow
Author :Bedi, D.S.;Aggarwal, K.R.
Source: DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology :12(2) ; 1992 ; pp.3-9
Abstract : Printing high quality colour at a low cost on plain paper may seem like a pipe-dream, but it is not. Over the past several years, a lot of R&D effort has been put in by various companies into colour printer technologies, and the next few years will certainly see some of these come to fruition as products. Colour printing is available now and will be commonplace tomorrow. The challenges and problems inherent in colour printing are discussed. The basic colour printing technologies, viz., dot matrix, ink-jet, thermal transfer, and laser are elaborated. The advent of ink-jet and thermal transfer printers are considered as instrumental in increasing the quality and at the same rate lowering the cost. The predominance of true colour laser printers and other technologies, giving photographic quality printing at desktop, is predicted.
Keywords : Colour printing technology;Printing technology;Printing


When was the last time you beat yourself up for a parenting failure?
Perhaps your daughter got a D+ on the math test—and you regret some harsh words. Maybe you're telling yourself that you bungled advice to your fifth-grader about how to handle an annoying classmate. You couldn't keep your promise to attend your son's music recital—and there's a voice in your head telling you that you're a terrible parent.
But there's an alternative to that harsh self-talk: self-compassion. According to researcher Kristin Neff, "self-compassion provides an island of calm, a refuge from the stormy seas of endless positive and negative self-judgment." As she defines it, self-compassion entails three components:
 - "First, it requires self-kindness, that we be gentle and understanding with ourselves rather than harshly critical and judgmental."
 - "Third, it requires mindfulness—that we hold our experience in balanced awareness, rather than ignoring our pain or exaggerating it."
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How is self-compassion related to parenting? A recent study found that self-compassionate parents of adult children with developmental disabilities tend to have lower levels of stress and depression. In a 2015 study of parents of kids with autism, self-compassion is linked to more life satisfaction, hope, and re-engagement with life goals. Another study found that self-compassion may act as a shield against internalizing stigma—the negative evaluations and feelings others have about parenting children with autism.
A new study by Amy Mitchell and colleagues provided Australian mothers with self-compassion resources and exercises, such as imagining how you would support someone else, remembering that you are not alone, and giving yourself a small act of kindness. Mothers who used the resources reported feeling more self-compassionate compared to mothers who did not—and they were less stressed and more satisfied with breastfeeding after the intervention.
Taken together, these studies suggest self-compassion may be a resource for resiliency and a protective buffer against both internal and external criticism. Can parents learn to be more self-compassionate? Of course. Here are three steps you can take to build compassion for yourself.
1. Take routine self-compassion breaks
During the exhaustion and confusion of being a first-time parent, you may wonder how they even let you leave the hospital with the baby! Why isn't breastfeeding magically easy? Where did you put the diapers? I stink! When am I going to be able to take another shower?
Those are the moments when you might try to take a self-compassion break. What does that look like?
First, accept the moment of suffering with a statement like, "This hurts." Next, acknowledge that other first-time parents have felt this way—probably every first-time parent in the history of world! Last, offer yourself kindness, such as by saying, "May I give myself the compassion that I need as I try to care for my baby."
 - Self-Compassion Break
 Self-Compassion Break
 Take a moment to treat yourself with understanding.
 Try It Now
Of course, it's not always possible to take a break when you're struggling to calm a weeping toddler. In that case, take a moment after the crisis has passed to give yourself a few kind words. Neff also recommends putting your hand over your heart, as a gesture of comfort toward yourself, or even giving yourself a hug. That might sound strange—but try it. See if it helps.
2. Practice loving-kindness meditation
It's Monday. You're trying to leave the house with your child so that you can get her to preschool and yourself to work for a 9:00 am meeting. She's oblivious to the fact that even a five-minute delay would lead to a 15-minute difference in your commute time. She wants to put on her shoes and socks by herself. That takes a long time; you get impatient. Pretty soon, both you and your child are having a meltdown. After the meeting, you beat up on yourself for losing it.
This is where a preemptive, early-morning loving-kindness meditation can help. The idea is quite simple:
 - Think of a person close to you who loves you very much. Imagine that person sending you wishes for your safety, for your well-being and happiness. Feel the warm wishes and love coming from that person towards you.
 - Send your love back to that person. You and this person are similar. Just like you, this person wishes to be happy.
 - Next, think of an acquaintance, someone you don't know very well. You and this person are alike in your wish to have a good life.
 - Then expand your awareness and picture the whole globe in front of you as a little ball. Send warm wishes to all living beings on the globe, who, like you, want to be happy.
In a recent study, Australian researchers James Kirby and Sarah Baldwin randomly assigned over 60 parents, mostly mothers in their mid-30s, to listen to either a 15-minute loving-kindness meditation or a focused imagery recording (a control condition). Before and after listening to the recordings, parents completed questionnaires on self-compassion and compassion motivation, and they provided their emotional responses to common parenting scenarios, such as children insisting on and crying loudly about having a candy bar during a shopping trip.
 - Loving-Kindness Meditation
 Loving-Kindness Meditation
 Strengthen feelings of kindness and connection toward others.
 Try It Now
The results? Parents in the loving-kindness meditation group were more self-compassionate, more calm and sympathetic, and less angry and frustrated compared to the focused imagery control group. Kirby and Baldwin suggest that loving-kindness meditation "might help to support parents' well-being, their capacity to be less reactive in responding to child distress, and their capacity to cultivate compassionate responses to their child."
3. Visualize the presence of someone important to you when you need parenting support
Is there anything worse than an airplane meltdown? When your young child is crying about needing to sit still for hours on end, the glares of other people from the seats around you can make you feel very alone and despondent.
Try this: Displace those glares by visualizing a dear friend, partner, parent by your side, giving you support and help.
A 2015 study by Christopher Pepping and colleagues randomly assigned college freshmen to one of two groups. Students in the control group focused on reflecting on interpersonal skills that did not include security or compassion. The researchers asked students in the "attachment security priming group" to call to mind a person they are close to, that they could rely on to help them if they were in need. Perhaps not surprisingly, those students felt more self-compassion afterward than their counterparts in the control group.
I often call to mind the warmth of my own mom's voice when I've struggled with parenting. I even use her nicknames and endearments in my self-compassion self-talk to marshal the power of her (and my own) tenderness to sustain me when I'm overwhelmed. Her presence in my mind's eye reassures me even though she may not be physically beside me.
Indeed, our capacity for self-compassion is often formed by our relationship with our own parents. The 2015 study by Pepping and colleagues also found that college students who remembered parents as cold and rejecting were more likely to feel anxious about their close relationships, and in turn, tended to have lower levels of self-compassion.
 - Feeling Supported
 Feeling Supported
 Think about the people you turn to when you're distressed.
 Try It Now
Even if you didn't grow up with good models of compassion, try to remember that self-compassion is a skill you can develop through practice. When you feel self-criticism rising in your head, put your hand on your heart—and talk to yourself as you would a dear friend who is suffering.
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text:
With the DOM, you can access every node in an XML document.
Access a node using its index number in a node list
This example uses the getElementsByTagname() method to get the third element in "books.xml"
Loop through nodes using the length property
This example uses the length property to loop through all elements in "books.xml"
See the node type of an element
This example uses the nodeType property to get node type of the root element in "books.xml".
Loop through element nodes
This example uses the nodeType property to only process element nodes in "books.xml".
element nodes using node relationships
This example uses the nodeType property and the nextSibling property to process element nodes in "books.xml".
You can access a node in three ways:
1. By using the getElementsByTagName() method
2. By looping through (traversing) the nodes tree.
3. By navigating the node tree, using the node relationships.
getElementsByTagName() returns all elements with a specified tag name.
The following example returns all elements under the x element:
Note that the example above only returns elements under the x node. To return all elements in the XML document use:
where xmlDoc is the document itself (document node).
The getElementsByTagName() method returns a node list. A node list is an array of nodes.
The elements in x can be accessed by index number. To access the third you can write::
Note: The index starts at 0.
You will learn more about node lists in a later chapter of this tutorial.
The length property defines the length of a node list (the number of nodes).
You can loop through a node list by using the length property:
The documentElement property of the XML document is the root node.
The nodeName property of a node is the name of the node.
The nodeType property of a node is the type of the node.
You will learn more about the node properties in the next chapter of this tutorial.
The following code loops through the child nodes, that are also element nodes, of the root node:
The following code navigates the node tree using the node relationships:
Your message has been sent to W3Schools.


Best activities for conditioning heart and lungs
Amber Smith By Amber Smith The Post-Standard
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on January 04, 2011 at 12:36 AM
2010-01-09-gw-skiing142.JPGJerry Oberst, Oswego, cross country skis at Winona State Forest, Lacona, NY.
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute says some activities can improve the condition of your heart and lungs if they are brisk, sustained and regular. Though low-intensity activities can be good for your overall health, they do not condition the heart and lungs much.
These activities condition the heart and lungs and are especially helpful when done on a regular basis:
* aerobic dancing
* bicycling
* cross-country skiing
* hiking
* ice hockey
* jogging
* jumping rope
* rowing
* running in place
* stair-climbing
* stationary cycling
* swimming
* walking briskly
These activities can be good choices when done briskly for 30 minutes or longer, three or four times per week:
* downhill skiing
* basketball
* field hockey
* calisthenics
* handball
* racquetball
* soccer
* tennis (singles)
* volleyball
* walking moderately
These may improve coordination or muscle tone, relieve tension and burn some calories, and if done on a daily basis, can help lower your risk of heart disease:
* badminton
* baseball
* bowling
* croquet
* football
* gardening
* golf
* housework
* ping-pong
* shuffleboard
* social dancing
* softball
* a leisurely walk


text:
On an animal study, scientists found that eating yogurt can have positive effects to one's health particularly in controlling weight gain and improving sexual vigour.
In an effort to find whether yogurt is helpful in fighting obesity, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology conducted an experiment which involved feeding a total of 80 mice (40 males and 40 females) with vanilla-flavoured yogurt. One group of mice was fed with junk food diet (high-fat and low-fibre) while another group was fed with the regular mouse food. Half of each group were then provided with vanilla-flavoured yogurt.
Slimmer and Sexier Mice
Researchers were surprised of the results. They found that mice that were fed with vanilla-flavoured yogurt had shinier fur. Furthermore, male mice developed larger testicles which create a 'swagger' effect on them, as described by ABC News. These benefits were observed even among the mice that were fed with junk food diet. But, the effects were more significant to those that had their regular diet. In the first group, scientists only found 5% increase in the weight of their testicles while those that are on a regular diet had 15% increase. This effect boosts their sexual abilities. In the said experiment, it was also shown that male mice inseminated their partners quicker and produced more offspring.
According to Professor Susan Erdman, one of the researchers, they started the study only to find out whether the probiotic organisms in yogurt has an effect to age-related weight gain and other diseases such as cancer. To their surprise, this popular dairy product has also shown to boost the sexual appeal of mice (particularly the male ones) due to the increase in the size of their testicles. "It's similar to how men at the top of their game carry themselves differently. We see that sort of sexy swagger in the yogurt-eating male mice. In general, these were shiny, sexy mice." added Erdman.
It is not only the male mice that benefited from eating yogurt. The researchers noticed that yogurt-fed female mice became 'better mothers' and have higher chances of raising their babies well. They're still trying to find out what caused this effect. Their theory was that a yogurt diet is associated with reduced stress levels in mice.
Does it have the Same Effects on Humans?
So does that mean yogurt can make humans slimmer and sexier too? Researchers suggest that eating yogurt can have many potential health benefits. They cited one published study showing humans who regularly eat yogurt are slimmer while another group of researchers are investigating the effects of yogurt-rich diet to fertility.
Some experts however pointed out that it's quite hard to draw a conclusion from this study as there are several things that are yet to be considered like whether the yogurt should be organic or not. Nonetheless, they all agree that yogurt is good for the health. Stephanie Clarke and Willow Jarosh, registered nutritionists and dieticians and co-founders of C&J Nutrition explained that yogurt is a good source of protein, magnesium, and calcium. The probiotics contained in this delicious snack were also found to aid in digestive problems like diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. It also lowers the risk of gall bladder cancer.
Sources of this article:


text: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of a game called Star Power to teach professional skills to mechanical engineering undergraduates. The game was conducted as an activity in a final year Professional Practice unit. A survey in the form of a questionnaire was administered to participating students in the following semester of studies after a summer break. The survey showed that the majority of the students believed they had improved their professional skills from playing Star Power. Although the game is typically used in the teaching of sociology, this study demonstrated that the game can provide a rich and versatile setting in which different elements of professional skills that are important to an engineer can be incorporated and developed.


text: Genetic structure of 142 parent lines of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was analyzed using model-based approach based on SSR markers. Forty-one selected from 103 SSR markers were used to analyze the parent lines, which generated 189 alleles revealed by each marker ranging from 2 to 11 with an average of 4.6 per marker. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.543 with a range of 0.089 to 0.850. All the parent lines were assigned to 7 subgroups, named Kafir, Kaoliang, Feterita, Shallu, Hegari, Milo and Durra. Parent lines without clear pedigree record were clustered into their corresponding groups, and genetic components of each line were estimated by Q-values. Information of this study would be useful for breeders to conclude their genetic background and select appropriate parents for germplasm improvement and hybrid breeding, and thus improve the efficiency of breeding programs.


text:
Lessons and resources for college readiness
Online learning tools for students in the areas of
math, science and social studies developed to
increase student performance on EOC assessments
leading to a higher degree of College and Career
All learning tools are developed within TEA's
Project Share platform and are available,
without a fee, to all students and teachers in Texas.


is always safe to include brackets. For example, if you want to state that a VP can have zero or more sequences of PP followed by ADVP in it (e.g. V PP ADVP PP ADVP), the rule would be:
VP --> V [PP ADVP]*.
If instead you had:
VP --> V PP* ADVP*.
this would be interpreted as zero or more PPs followed by zero or more ADVPs.
disjunction or union
{ p1 | p2 |... | pn }
This predicate is satisfied by any string meeting the conditions of at least one of the individual pi predicates. For example:
NP --> { DET | DEMON | POSSP } N.
( p )
This predicate indicates that a substring satisfying p may or may not be present. The predicate is equivalent to the disjunction {p|e} and the repetition p#0#1. For example, the VP rule might state that the verb is optionally followed by an NP:
VP --> V (NP).
conjunction or intersection
p1 & p2
This predicate is satisfied by any string of items meeting the conditions of both p1 and p2. An example of using intersection for ID/LP rules is seen in the section on regular expression macros.
negation or complementation
This predicate is satisfied by any string that does not satisfy the predicate p. For example, the predicate ~[NP:(^ SUBJ)=!; VP] will match any string of nodes provided that it does not consist of a subject NP followed by a VP. The meaning of complementation is quite obvious when the predicate p contains no functional annotations: it denotes just the set of all strings not in the regular language specified by p. When schemata are attached, the predicate denotes the complement of the set of strings whose categorial requirements and associated schemata are both satisfied. This includes all the node-sequences that belong to the unannotated complement (such as VP NP, NP NP VP, VP NP NP) but also includes all strings that satisfy
NP:(^ SUBJ)~=!; VP
The f-structures defined by an annotated complementation predicate may have unexpected properties because of the nonconstructive meaning that LFG assigns to negative functional schemata. Also to avoid confusion, in the scope of a complementation predicate terms without!-containing schemata are not interpreted as containing ^=!.
relative complementation
p1 - p2
This predicate is satisfied by any string that satisfies p1 but does not satisfy p2. It is exactly equivalent to p1 & ~p2. As an equivalence going the other way, note that ~p denotes the same strings as?*-p. Note that the schemata in p2 may be assigned negative, nonconstructive meanings and any intended ^=! interpretations must be stated explicitly. For example, you might want a VP rule in which the verb has to be followed by some constituent; that is, it cannot contain just a V. This could be captured by:
VP --> [ V (NP) PP* ADVP* ] - V.
term complementation
\ p
The term complement is any single category-schemata combination that does not satisfy the requirements of p. This is the same as?-p in contrast to the?*-p of the usual complement. The term-complement of an unannotated category is simply the disjunction of all the other categories that appear in the same rule: \NP is the disjunction {VP|AP} if VP and AP are mentioned elsewhere in the rule. Given De Morgan's laws, the predicate \NP:(^ SUBJ)=!; is equivalent to the disjunction { NP:(^ SUBJ)~=!| VP | AP}. Note also that \p* is equivalent to ~[?* p?*] in the special case where p is a primitive term. As for the other complementation predicates, any ^=! interpretations intended in p must be stated explicitly.
ignore or insert
p1 / p2
This predicate denotes strings that satisfy p1 when substrings satisfying p2 are freely removed or ignored. Alternatively, it denotes strings formed from the language of p1 by arbitrarily inserting strings from the language of p2. For example, the following rule expresses the generalization that adverbs can be freely inserted after the object of English VP's:
VP --> V (NP:(^ OBJ)=!)
[(NP:(^ OBJ2)=!) PP*:(^ XCOMP)=!] / ADV:! $ (^ ADJ).
Without this special notation, an ADV* with its schemata would have to be repeated several times and the generalization would be lost.
linear precedence
p1 < p2
p1 > p2
These predicates impose a linear ordering on strings. p1 < p2 is satisfied by any string in which there is no substring satisfying p1 in front of a substring satisfying p2. This is equivalent to ~[?* p2?* p1?*], which reduces to [\p2]*[\p1]* if p1 are p2 are primitive terms. The opposite ordering restriction is expressed by the p1 > p2 predicate. Thus the rule
S --> [NP:(^ SUBJ)=!, VP] & NP < VP.
is equivalent to the more familiar rule
S --> NP:(^ SUBJ)=!; VP.
but expresses a different set of generalizations. Since the linear precedence predicates are defined in terms of complementation, the general caveats about schemata in negative contexts apply.
p1, p2
This predicate is satisfied by any string that can be formed by 'shuffling' together the elements of strings satisfying p1 and p2. That is, the elements that satisfy p1 must come in their p1-determined relative order and similarly for the elements satisfying p2, but elements satisfying those two predicates can be freely intermixed (provided they maintain their prescribed relative order). Thus, [A B],[X Y] is satisfied by any of the strings
As other examples, NP:(^ SUBJ)=!, VP is satisfied by strings containing one subject NP and one VP in either order, and NP#2#4,VP#3 would be satisfied by strings containing three VP's intermixed with between two and four NP's. Note, however, that the underlying finite-state machine can become quite large as the number of different elements being shuffled grows. This is because the shuffle operator is producing all possible orders, and there are a factorial number of different orders. This means that a rule that shuffles more than ten different items will make the grammar slow to load.
XLE's shuffle predicate provides a regular generalization of the immediate dominance (ID) specifications of other syntactic theories, such as GPSG (Gazdar et al., 1985).
" any string of characters "
Character strings enclosed in double-quotes are treated as invisible comments and assigned no other interpretation. They may appear anywhere inside a regular predicate expression except between the characters of what you intend to be an atomic category symbol. This allows you to embed justifications, explanations, or other annotations at the most appropriate positions.
 any string of characters
Character strings enclosed in ... are comments just like character strings enclosed in double-quotes except that they allow double-quotes and other ... strings to be embedded inside of them. This makes them useful for commenting out large sections of a grammar even if the sections have comments in them.
 and are also acceptable.
Scope of Predicates
When these predicates are put together in a complicated formula, the meaning of the combined expression depends on the relative scope that is assigned to the different operators. If you are ever in doubt about the relative scope of operators, you can always include grouping brackets to make your intended meaning clear. Without explicit grouping brackets, the precedence of operators is determined by a simple set of conventions. With one exception, a potential scope ambiguity between most of the operators (* + # ~ - \ /, < >) is resolved so that the left-hand operator has wider scope than the right-hand one. Thus the expressions in the first column receive the interpretation notated more explicitly by the entries in the second:
A < B - C A < [B - C]
A - B < C A - [B < C]
A / B* A / [B*]
~A, B ~[A, B]
The one exception to this general principle involves combinations of the term complement and iteration operators. Since the term complement of an iteration makes no sense, an expression such as \A* is more conveniently interpreted as [\A]* instead of \[A*]. The operators listed above all bind more tightly than the intersection and concatenation operators, so that A < B & C is interpreted as [A < B] & C and A / B C is interpreted as [A / B] C. Potential ambiguities between intersection and concatenation are resolved in favor of a tighter binding for the intersection operator. Thus, A & B C is interpreted as [A & B] C. The notations used for the remaining operators (optionality, grouping, and union) is such that their interpretation relative to each other and to other operators is always unambiguous.
Empty strings and empty nodes
Apart from their use in expressing various kinds of generalizations, the epsilon and optionality regular predicates in certain arrangements permit the right-side of a c-structure rule to be satisfied by an empty string of daughters. Such empty nodes or traces are used in many syntactic theories (particularly Government Binding theory) to code in phrase-structure trees the positions of null anaphors, the extraction sites of long-distance dependencies, and other kinds of coindexing conspir


text:
Some notations penciled in.
Digitized by Harvard Museum of Natural History 2006.
Drawing includes eleven views of interior of plant including three cross sections; details are highlighted in green, orange, and yellow.
This orchid, commonly known as the Large yellow lady's slipper, Yellow moccasin-flower, Nerveroot, Noah's ark, American valerian, and Whippoorwill's-shoe, is native to northern North America.
This drawing is part of a series of botanical drawings created by the Blaschkas to reference in constructing glass models for the Botanical Museum of Harvard University.


text:
Liu B, et al. (2010) The Polarisome Is Required for Segregation and Retrograde Transport of Protein Aggregates. Cell 140(2):257-267
Abstract: The paradigm sirtuin, Sir2p, of budding yeast is required for establishing cellular age asymmetry, which includes the retention of damaged and aggregated proteins in mother cells. By establishing the global genetic interaction network of SIR2 we identified the polarisome, the formin Bni1p, and myosin motor protein Myo2p as essential components of the machinery segregating protein aggregates during mitotic cytokinesis. Moreover, we found that daughter cells can clear themselves of damage by a polarisomeand tropomyosin-dependent polarized flow of aggregates into the mother cell compartment. The role of Sir2p in cytoskeletal functions and polarity is linked to the CCT chaperonin in sir2Delta cells being compromised in folding actin. We discuss the findings in view of recent models hypothesizing that polarity may have evolved to avoid clonal senescence by establishing an aging (soma-like) and rejuvenated (germ-like) lineage. PAPERFLICK:CI - Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|Status: Published||Type: Journal Article||PubMed ID: 20141839|
Topics addressed in this paper
Number of different genes curated to this paper: 15
- To find other papers on a gene and topic, click on the colored ball in the appropriate box.
- displays other papers with information about that topic for that gene.
- displays other papers in SGD that are associated with that topic.
The topic is addressed in these papers but does not describe a specific gene or chromosomal feature.
- To go to the Locus page for a gene, click on the gene name.
|Topics||Topics not linked to Genes||Genes linked to topics (#1 - 10 )|
|Large-scale genetic interaction|
|Topics||Genes linked to topics (#11 - 15 )|


text:
Let us know what you think of the survey as it relates to your travel or moving experiences. For example, did your pets pick up on the recent East Coast snowstorm that disrupted pet travel? When it comes to pet relocation, do your furry friends start to act differently even before you bring out the travel crates and suitcases? Share your pet stories with us here or on Facebook!
Our guess is that cats, dogs, birds and other companions are aware of much more than we often give them credit for, and it's clear that they are affected by our own energy and anxiety. This means we'd be wise to set a good example for our pets by staying calm throughout the process of an international journey, a big move, or whatever challenges we face. Pets improve our health and add fun to our lives, so let's keep trying to understand their surprisingly complex behavior!


and comment more fully
CHAPTER 12 – The Arc
Why Arc was a game changer? Because it allowed explosion of all other GBs. The details would be explained below.
This is an important graph that you need to understand how Arc works.
The X axis is level of onwer's Arc that is being worked on
The Y axis is net cost of Arc (it means that total FPs required MINUS FPs earned by donor including donor's Arc bonus). This means total FPs required to complete GB after maximum FPs are harvested from rewards.
Different lines represent different Arc bonuses of donors. The better the donor bonus, the less the owner of GB has to pay for his GB because more FPs is coming back from the rewards.
Positive overall Y value means that GB owner must contribute to level GB, while negative value means that GB owner can actually profit from leveling a GB.
This graph assumes that GB owner works with 5 other donors that have the same arc value (different lines).
arc gb.jpg
The reason why you have such a graph pattern is because the reward although it is unknown, it appears to be linear, while total FPs of Arc is exponential (next level total FPs = previous level total FPs *1.025). During levels 0-10, the total FPs values are fixed, while rewards are small. This is why you have such an increase in cost. During levels 10-50, the exponential function is early stage and is overrun by linear function of rewards. While after lvl50, the exponential function (total FPs) explodes with respect to linear function (rewards), making GBs very pricey. You can appreciate the impact of the increasing rewards by noticing that after lvl10 the different color lines are further and further apart, while after lvl60 they start to come closer again becasue rewards become insignificant with respect to overall cost of GB.
The Arc increases to 30% in first ten levels, then by 1% to level 60, then for next 20 levels by 0.5% until 190% total, and then 0.1% per level afterwards.
In early spring 2016, we were able to develop this graph when our Arc's were just started to grow. We understood that if Inno made 1% per level or even 0.5% per level, we could have huge profits (we assumed that initial lvl20, lvl40, lvl60 pattern would follow and there was possibility that overall cost of GB would be negative). However, Inno correctly assigned 0.1% after lvl80, still theoretically possible to achieve a time when certain GBs levels become free of real cost, but limiting these levels to narrow range of 40-60 only when huge arc bonuses are provided as donors.
Notice that for "average" player who gets a little bit extra on top of his reward maybe 100% or 120% or 140%, the cost really increases with level. Majority of players will not be able to break through the "cheap" levels, and they will be stuck in expensive range lvl5-20 forever. Even if they do, starting from lvl 20-30, they will start to be heavily sniped as GB is much more attractive with rewards and this increasing the cost for the host again. This is basically 95-99% of all players. First, you need to get to higher level, and second you need donors with high arc to provide the combination that does the magic.
The costs pattern is not identical for each individual GB and that goes beyond of this topic, but it follows similar patterns.
Majority of average experienced players (unless they do not earn horrendous amounts of FPs) stop their GBs around lvl60-80. If you follow the teal line which represents the 100+90% arc (lvl80) donor, the line starts significantly creep up after owner of GB reached lvl60, and shoot up vertically after lvl80.The rule of thumb is that even with all 90% arcs, the lvl80 for most GBs costs about 1000 FPs, and that is often too much.
The reason players choose to take their arc from lvl60 to lvl80 is because there is a significant in GB leveling cost reduction from purple line (80%) to teal line (90%). It might appear initially that there is a little difference between 180% and 190% in sniping, but that is a big difference. If the sniping profits margins are small e.g. 10%, additional 10% might double the profit making the large investment into Arc reasonable. There are players that rush their Arc beyond 90%, but in reality that will not have a significant impact. In order to provide costs on such investments these players will have to hoard FPs left and right, snipe day and night, and employ an army of noobs that will feed Fps in variety of ways to them. This action is often driven by wanting to have highest GB in the ranking. The cost of leveling arc 80->180 lvl is about few million FPs, and that is just too pricey for 10% extra bonus for 99.999% players.
This graph also explains why levels 30-70 are so prone to sniping from outside. This is because the rewards are increasing significantly with respect to not so fast increasing total FPs making GB attractive to stealing what could have been used to level the GB, but then leaving the empty unfilled gap, and if it is done on correct GB, the GB owner is usually forced to cover the remaining.
The little Zig-Zaging of the function line is due to rounding to nearest "5fp" on GBs, and it has no significant effect overall.
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CHAPTER 13 – GvG HQ and Defense Bonus
One of most annoying thing that can happen is when an inexperienced member with trusted rights moves HQ, and that person has minimal understanding of the consequences and mechanism of HQ bonus distribution that can easily lead to your guild losing several additional sectors.
50% and especially 75% sectors are a deterrent. They can be killed by larger guilds pretty quickly, but in repetitive fights when filled with correct defense units especially when attacker is forced to go auto, it can cause significant damage to the attacker. 0% sectors are much more vunerable and easier to kill, and often attacker losses less than half of units than defender. An action from one person placing HQ correctly and understanding how 50% bonus is applied to sectors can often cause more damage to other guild than several fighters. That skill can give an edge when war is pretty even.
The specific age defense points are different to the Support Pool Bonus that guilds receive from guild level. However, they are linked by support factor.
(Support Pool Bonus + Total defense bonus from all defense GBs in guild) / Support Factor for specific age = Total defense points for specific age
> Support Pool Bonus
A guild receives these points for higher level. It is the number with a shield.
> Total defense bonus from all defense GBs in guild
Every defense GB contributes extra points on top of Support Pool Bonus. St. Basil contributes 3 points (for 1st 10 levels), Deal Castle contributes 3 points (for 1st 10 levels), and observatory contributes 10 points.
> Support factor
It is a number that is preset. They can be derived by solving the equation above when it is only the variable missing. It can be derived also from the ratio of support factors when you know total defense points for specific age. Also other numbers from that equation can be derived for example, you do not have to add all your defense GBs within the guild, but you can derive the total.2
I derived them previously, but I can be wrong if I do not remember them correctly. Please let me know if I got it wrong.
IA - 1.0
EMA - 1.5
HMA - 2.0
LMA - 3.0
CA - 4.0
InA - 6.0
PE - 8.0
ME - 10.0
CE - 12.0
TE - 14.0
TF - 16.0
AA - 16.0
> Total defense points for specific age
This is a total number of % that is redistributed to sectors as a defense.
For most (higher ages) the maximum % defense for HQ is 75% and other sectors is %50
Exceptions include (HQ/other sectors)
InA 25%/0% | EMA 35%/10% | HMA 45%/20% | LMA 55%/30% | CA 65%/40%
These lower values make sectors less stable and easier to take making it less attractive to older and larger guilds.
In our case = Support Pool Bonus (8540) + Total defense bonus from all defense GBs in guild (3092) = 11632 total bonus
Specific age (AA) total defense bonus = 11632 / 16 = 727 (%)
In other words, we can fill one HQ (75%) and 13 other sectors (13*50%=650%) total of 725% before next sectors will not have full bonus.
The defense bonus is distributed in concentric circles from HQ, which means the closest sectors to HQ have the priority to receiving it. Here is how priority of sectors would look like on these arrangements. If there is enough defense bonuses on HQ, it would spread to 1-away-from-HQ, if all sectors have enough bonus that are 1-away, then 2-away would receive defense bonus and so on.
On this image the