7 Wholesome Methods to Beat the Winter Blues
We've all fallen victim to that seasonal slump that comes with prolonged cold weather. Dark and dreary days can drag you down unless you've got a gameplan to beat the winter blues. Instead of turning to potentially unhealthy habits to cope, make a list of positive things that bring you joy and bless your mind and body. If you need ideas, we've compiled a list of seven healthy ways to beat the winter blues.
1. Move your body
Get those endorphins pumping! Exercise is a natural mood booster and the quickest way to change your mindset—immediately. You don't need workout equipment or much space, just put on some music and dance around.
2. Feed your mind
Invest your free time in personal growth and development. Read a book, listen to a podcast, or watch motivational videos. By consuming new information and positive content, you'll expand your mind, grow your confidence, and improve every aspect of your life.
3. Challenge yourself
Step outside your comfort zone! Try a new activity like learning how to catch fish, sledding, or cooking.
4. Get outside
Just because it's cold doesn't mean you should stay cooped up inside. Fresh air will rejuvenate your mind and improve your mood, along with countless other benefits of nature.
5. Cozy up by the fire
There's nothing quite as comforting as a toasty, crackling fire to warm the home. Studies show that spending time by a fire can help you relax and lower your blood pressure.
6. Spend time with family and friends
Avoid passing the time by binge-watching TV or scrolling social media. Gather your loved ones for a family meal or game night, and simply be present in the moment.
7. Eat well
Step away from the junk food. Poor eating habits can lead to stress, tiredness, and other health issues. Beat the winter blues by eating plenty of whole foods, taking your vitamins, and drinking a lot of water.
Looking for more ways to enjoy the benefits of nature? Check out more winter activities for kids and make healthy lifestyle habits a part of your family's winter routine.
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User Tools
Quick Start
This quick start guide will explain how to set up a primitive sphere to interact with water.
An empty scene will be used for the example.
Water Object Manager
WaterObjectManager is the main script of Dynamic Water Physics 2 and has to be present in the scene for water/object interaction to work. It does not matter to which object it is attached, it just needs to be present. WaterObjectManager fetches the data from all the WaterObjects in the scene, processes it and sends it to a job which then does all the physics calculations and makes use of multiple CPU cores.
 1. Add a WaterObjectManager to the scene. No need to change any settings. Example:
Example WaterObjectManager setup.
Water Object
WaterObject is a script that tells WaterObjectManager which objects should interact with water. Any object that is active and has this script will interact with water. There are two requirements for WaterObject to work: a Rigidbody and a MeshFilter from which the script will fetch the mesh (DWP2 uses mesh data to simulate object/water interaction). Rigidbody does not have to be attached to the same object as WaterObject, but it must be present in one of its parents. This allows for composite objects; one Rigidbody with multiple hulls - such as a trimaran.
 1. Add a 3D Object ⇒ Sphere to the scene.
 2. Add a Sphere Collider to the Sphere if is not automatically added.
 3. Add a Rigidbody to the Sphere and set its mass to 300. There is also a script called MassFromMaterial which can calculate and set the Rigidbody mass based on material density and mesh volume, but it is a helper script and not required.
 4. Add WaterObject to the Sphere. Since the sphere by default has 768 triangles Simplify Mesh option should be used. This option automatically decimates the mesh to a Target Triangle Count. A good triangle count is 30 or less for simple objects and around 60 for ship hulls. Using higher triangle count will only have a minor influence on simulation quality but will have a linear performance penalty (doubling the triangle count will about halve the performance). Therefore, adjusting the triangle count until the object starts to lose its shape is recommended. In the case of the example sphere 36 will be enough:
Example WaterObject setup.
Water Data Provider
WaterDataProvider is a script that tells WaterObjectManager where the water is. It is an interface between water systems/assets and Dynamic Water Physics and allows the two to communicate. All flat water assets/shaders use the same WaterDataProvider: FlatWaterDataProvider while for wavy assets such as Crest an asset-specific WaterDataProvider has to be used, e.g. CrestWaterDataProvider.
As an example a flat water plane will be used:
 1. Create an empty object using RMB ⇒ Create Empty and name it Water. Name does not matter.
 2. Add FlatWaterDataProvider to it and press Play. The object will now float but it will appear as if it floating in empty space (which it is). FlatWaterDataProvider assumes that water is at transform.position.y of the object it is attached to and does not care about any shaders, colliders, etc. Changing the Y value of Transform's position will make the Sphere float at different heights.
 3. To make this look more realistic, a plane can be added instead. Delete the Water object created in step 1 and create a 3D Object plane instead. Attach FlatWaterDataProvider and make sure to remove MeshCollider from it or the sphere will just sit on the plane through physics collision.
 4. Press play again. The sphere floats the same as in step 2 but it appears it is in 'water'. At this point Default-Material of the plane can be replaced with a material that uses some kind of flat water shader - e.g. the included WaterProDaytime material which is just a standard Unity water.
A result of following this guide. Not pretty, but fully functional.
Water Particle System
WaterParticleSystem can be used to generate foam. It works with any flat water.
 1. Drag DefaultWaterParticleSystem from DWP2 ⇒ Resources into the scene and parent it to the Sphere.
 Example WaterParticleSystem setup.
 2. Move the Sphere to be above the water and press play. Sphere falling into the water will generate foam around it based on simulation data. WaterParticleSystem and ParticleSystem values can be tweaked to suit the needs of the project.
Center Of Mass
CenterOfMass is a simple script that offsets the center of mass of a Rigidbody.
Unity calculates center of mass of the object from all of its colliders, as if the object were homogenous. In many cases this is not correct - a ship has ballast, a crate could have some load in it, a barrel could have oil, etc.
To adjust the center of mass of an object simply attach CenterOfMass script to the same object that contains the Rigidbody and adjust the Center Of Mass Offset - a value in local coordinates which tells how much to offset center of mass from the Unity-calculated point. Want a ship to be less prone to capsizing? Lower the Y component of COM.
CenterOfMass inspector.
Water Object Wizard
WaterObjectWizard is a helper script that sets up a WaterObject automatically. It is still recommended to have knowledge of manual setup and how things work, but this script can automate and speed up the setup process.
A primitive Sphere will be used, same as in the rest of the guide above.
 1. Add a 3D Object > Sphere to the scene.
 2. Add WaterObjectWizard to the newly create Sphere.
 3. Tick Add Water Particle System (optional). This option is self-explanatory.
 4. Click Auto-Setup and press Play after the setup is done. The Sphere now floats and generates foam. Next step would be to manually check and tweak the default values, such as Target Triangle Count, center of mass, etc.
Enabling Burst
Burst is a compiler, it translates from IL/.NET bytecode to highly optimized native code using LLVM. This improves job performance.
It can be installed from Unity PackageManager.
By default Burst compilation is disabled. This is due to the fact that cross compilation is not supported in some cases. E.g. building for Mac OS on Windows will fail if Burst is enabled.
To enable Burst compilation add DWP_BURST under Project Settings ⇒ Player ⇒ Scripting Define Symbols. Make sure that the Burst package installed beforehand.


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The Católica Porto Business School has several research and consultancy units, each with a different purpose:
- CEGE is a research centre registered and accredited by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and is primarily focused on fundamental research;
- two centres – LEAD.Lab and SLab – are geared towards applied research with managerially relevant impact;
- CEGEA is a unit dedicated to consultancy services.
An Associate Dean for Research oversees all research activities conducted through these units, which are evidently interconnected along a continuum and constitute a key distinctive factor of the school as an organisation capable of expanding the frontiers of scientific knowledge and provide value-added services to the community, with clear implications for public and private policies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Setting the Threshold of Understanding – the CMSL Principle
A Common problem
Setting the threshold of understanding is a problem that everyone who conducts a mental capacity assessment faces. Occasionally, we are lucky and the courts have already set that for us (see IM v LM & Others (2014) for the threshold in relation to sexual relationships)
In my book 'Grandpa on a Skateboard' I talk briefly about the need to ensure it is not set too high or too low (PH and a Local Authority v Z Limited & R EWHC 1704 (Fam)) and using the 'man on the Clapham Omnibus' principle i.e. what would you expect the average man on the street to know. Whilst this is undoubtedly useful, it can still leave people struggling, which is why I have developed the CMSL principle.
The CMSL Principle
CMSL stands for Concept, Mechanics, Short term and Long term. It is my experience that when setting the threshold of understanding, every decision can be broken down into the four areas. This then makes it much easier to identify what the person should be expected to understand for each element and how you would expect them to demonstrate it. You will find that every decision will have a different weighting on each of the elements and so therefore still requires some subjectivity from the assessor. You must still be mindful not to set the bar too high or low but by using the CMSL principle it will ensure that you have considered all the aspects of the decision to be made before setting the threshold.
Let's consider the decision of whether an individual has the capacity to make decisions about their property and financial affairs. Using the CMSL principle we can break it down into the following questions/ areas of understanding (please note, the questions noted below are not intended to be definitive);
Concept: What is money? Where does it come from? The fact that it is finite in nature
Mechanics: How do you practically get your money? How do you invest? What are the practicalities of managing money?
Short term: This would cover day to day budgeting. What does the person need to know or demonstrate in relation to this?
Long term: This would cover the longer term investment of larger sums of money, for example a compensation payment.
Setting the threshold of understanding is always going to contain an element of subjectivity. The CMSL Principle will help you to break down the threshold into its constituent parts and enable you to demonstrate how and why you have set the threshold at the point that you have done.


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How about hazardous materials?
Dealing with hazardous substances is one of the trickiest topics we deal with at Fairphone. This is because of the extensive nature of legislation on these substances. The two main concerns:
- worker safety
- environmental protection
We created a document that we use to assess and increase responsible business practices with our partners. It is titled Ways of Working Together [.PDF alert]. It summarizes our expectations on the policies and operational practices of our partners. The document also includes minimum requirements for hazardous materials and waste. These are standards and procedures for:
Yet, it does not prevent the use of alternative products and procedures that exceed these minimums.
Suppliers who we decide to work with,
- need to maintain documentation and records to prove compliance with the standards and applicable laws
- commit to adopt and apply adequate practices to prevent, measure and track health and safety hazards
- are aided by us in:
- the performance of periodic evaluations at their facilities and operations
- conducting due diligence assessments of new and existing contractors, suppliers, agents and service providers to ensure legal compliance.
The use of some hazardous substances in the production of the phone is inevitable, so we encourage suppliers to minimize harm through adequate prevention and responses.
In Fairphone policy, the environmental aspect of hazardous substances focuses on the treatment of hazardous waste management.
The partners commit to:
- put in place measures for minimizing the generation of hazardous waste at the source
- agree to carry out the handling of hazardous waste under specific conditions that:
- provide adequate protection for the environment
- provide adequate protection for human health
- enable traceability from production to final destination
- prevent mixing of hazardous waste with other waste
- they use professional entities with the right permits to ensure that the treatment, transport or handling of hazardous waste is within the applicable local and international standards.
From our side, we approach this issue from many angles.
- We have a standard operating procedure for due diligence which is in line with the European Law on restricted substances
- On the basis of this procedure, we collect RohS compliance documentation and/or test reports for all the components
- These enable a review per component. This helps us ensure that the levels of hazardous chemicals such as lead, cadmium, chromium VI, PBDEs and PBBs do not surpass the thresholds set in the ROHS regulation (1000 ppm - except for cadmium with 100 ppm-)
- For the production of the Fairphone 1 and 2, we work together with experts and review documentation, materials and practices used in the phone's assembly. We aim to collect this information from accredited sources. Think of supplier safety data sheets we use to rank their risk and negotiate on measures to provide protective equipment and proper environments
- In view of the REACH regulation, Fairphone requires suppliers to track the potential presence of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) above 1000 ppm on a regular basis. The list of restricted substances within the REACH regulation changes every six months.
- We are collecting as many full material disclosures (FMD) as possible from the companies that deliver the components for our product.
- An FMD is a disclosure of the types of substances, hazardous or otherwise, a single component contains. For example the amount of chemicals, alloys, metals, and plastics. An individual component sometimes contains over one hundred substances.
- So far, we have collected more than 80% of all the material declarations for the 500+ components that we use in the production of the Fairphone 2. This allows us to dive further into the material composition of the phone and focus on tackling extra substances step by step. This evaluation tool helps us to further improve on our total impact when creating and manufacturing products.
- We are closely working with our manufacturers to promote safe chemical management. This is part of general labor conditions audits as well as more in depth in Industrial Hygiene assessments. Depending on the need, we offer support to co-develop:
- management systems for the chemicals used in the factory
- the use of protective equipment
- the training and information available for workers
- co-developing management plans in case of an accident
- offering support where we can when the manufacturer is looking for safe alternatives.
- Next to this, we have also defined further actions on some important hazardous substances:
- PVC (Polyvinylchloride) - the Fairphones are free of PVC
- Halogenated Flame Retardants
- All Fairphone 2 materials follow the ROHS directive requirements set for Brominated Flame Retardants, limiting the use of PBDEs and PBBs at concentrations < 1000 ppm at homogeneous material level
- Additionally, we avoid the use of other Halogenated Flame Retardants and strive to phase these out completely. We push our suppliers to use the HFR-free options whenever possible. For example, flame retardants of concern such as HBCDD and TBBPA have not been detected when tested in specific components (PCBs, filters, connectors, resistors, etc.)
- Phthalates - We avoid the use of Phthalates by requesting our suppliers to deliver components free of Phthalates. As a result, all our structural plastics are free of Phthalates. We are researching the final composition of materials in some sub-assemblies where some complex materials are used in smaller quantities. For example in the integrated circuits packaging substrates and bodies
- Benzene and n-Hexane - These substances are not used in the final assembly of Fairphone 2. Instead we use Ethylalcohol.
All in all, challenges remain. There are more hazardous substances than mentioned above used in production and production processes. While we would like to restrict as many hazardous substances as possible, we need to take this step by step. We will keep you updated on the progress we make on the way.


Gorm Salomonsen
Learn More
We describe the theory behind a practical voting scheme based on homomorphic encryption. We give an example of an ElGamal-style encryption scheme, which can be used as the underlying cryptosystem. Then, we present efficient honest verifier zero-knowledge proofs that make the messages in the voting scheme shorter and easier to compute and verify, for voters(More)
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By NYMetroParents Staff
10-Point Checklist to Prepare for Your Daughter's First Period
September 30, 2013 | Special Needs
Plus, scroll down for additional resources to help her (and you!) through the first period and beyond.
teenage girl
Planning Checklist
1. Do I know how my daughter learns best? Are written words, demonstrations, or talking better?
2. Do visual supports help her to better follow along and attend when she is learning something new?
3. What are my daughter's interests? How can I increase her interest and engagement in this topic?
4. What are my daughter's sensory sensitivities?
5. Does she have gross or fine motor difficulties that I should consider?
6. What are the problem-solving and social skills required for self-care during menstruation?
7. What steps will she be required to complete for self-care during menstruation?
8. Do I know what the procedure at school will be when she gets her period?
9. Does my daughter understand the concepts of pain and discomfort? How will she communicate around this? Is there a plan in place should she experience painful menstrual symptoms?
10. Have I made an appointment with my daughter's doctor (e.g. pediatrician) or have I met with a doctor recently and talked about puberty and related medical care yet?
Expert advice: Read more tips from Dr. Marisuela Huerta, a licensed clinical psychologist at the Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, about helping your daughter cope with menstruation and develop healthy habits from the beginning.
Recommended resources to help parents and girls with special needs deal with getting their first period:
1. The Healthy Bodies Toolkit for Girls is a treasure trove of free downloads from Vanderbilt Kennedy Center that includes the publication Healthy Bodies: A Parent's Guide on Puberty for Girls with Disabilities, as well as an appendix featuring a social story that teaches about periods. (FREE!)
2. Special Girls' Business is a great step-by-step guide through the process of managing periods. ($32, includes free shipping)
3. The Care and Keeping of You: The Body Book for Younger Girls, Vol. 1 and 2, published by American Girl, is a good choice for readers. ($12.99)
4. The Circles Curriculum contains tools on social boundaries for schools and therapists. (Individual programs start at $399)


text: OpenGL's texturing capabilities are discussed in detail in Section 6. These capabilities can be put to work to solve image processing problems. By texturing an input image onto a grid represented as geometry, we can apply arbitrary deformations to the image. Given the textured draw rates of OpenGL implementations that accelerate texturing in hardware, very impressive performance can often be achieved though the use of textured geometry. Image processing applications using texturing are discussed in Section 13.4.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Full text drug information databases.
- Determine dosing, side effects, and interactions
- Identify drugs
The MICROMEDEX® Healthcare Series of databases is primarily a drug information system and is considered one of the most authoritative resources available.
- Full-text databases on chemical, pharmaceutical, and related biological substances used in clinical patient care
- Covers teratogenicity, toxicology, alternative medicine, and pharmaceutical information
- Includes drug reviews, guidelines, clinical reviews, and information from package inserts and drug texts
Titles or Tools included:
- Drug Comparison; Drug Identification; Drug Interactions
- Red Book Online
- Trissel's IV Compatibility
- Tox & Drug Product Lookup
- For PalmOS and PocketPC
- Answers to questions about drugs, alternative medicines, and emergency conditions
Access funded by the UCSF Medical Center.


UOTW #19 Answer
Answer: Monoamniotic triplets, 3x "very upset"
This scan demonstrates three intrauterine fetuses sharing the same gestational sac (mono-amniotic), early second trimester. There is no evidence of free fluid in the pelvis, and all three fetuses have identifiable heart beats.
 - Monozygotic triplets occur at a rate of 22.6 to 82.9 per million births, and monochorionic triplets are the least common.1
 - Although clearly the patient is unlucky with these odds, you can tell your patient that she was far more likely to get struck by lightning (1:12K) or die in a shark attack (1:18K).2,3
 1. Imaizumi Y. A comparative study of zygotic twinning and triplet rates in eight countries, _PHONE_. J Biosoc Sci. 2003;35(2):287-302.
 2. International Business Times. "After Air Algerie AH5017 Incident, A Statistical Look At The Probability And Chances of Dying In A Plane Crash." Website: _URL_
 3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "NWS Lightning Safety: Understanding Lightning Introduction." Website: _URL_


text:
Why does photonic noise variance have to be proportional to the signal?
It is worth noting that photonic noise is due to the light signal itself and is independent of the camera. It is mathematically modeled by a Poisson process, and consequently, the mean signal is equal to its variance. (This is a mathematical property of a Poisson process.) It is possible to prove this property without any assumptions; however:
Assume that a pixel receives photons and has a noise standard deviation. Let'snow cut this pixel into four smaller pixels of equal size. Each small pixel receives an average number of photons and has a noise standard deviation. Since the variance is additive, the variance of the large pixel value is the sum of the variances of the small pixel values. Thus:
From this, it is not very difficult to see that has to be proportional to.
Photonic noise is the main source of noise in the midtones, and follows the rule of 3dB per EV:


text:
This product is a produced by Black and Decker. The product is used to grind down metal.
How It Works
Inside the grinder there is an electric motor that spins a shaft connected to a bevel gear. The bevel gear is then attached to another driving shaft. A grinding wheel is clamped onto the driving shaft, causing the grinding wheel to spin.
Because of constant friction and the forces acting on each component there is a certain life expency. This varries for individual parts based on the force acting on the part and the design of the part.
For the bearing, an assumed torque of 0.315 Nm was applied to the shaft. Assuming the grinder is being used constantly the bearing would last 1.83 years before failure. If the grinder was being used six hours every day, 365 days a year then the bearing would last 7.33 years. If the grinder was being used six hours a day, five days a week, the bearing would last 10.26 years.
For the force requirement on the gears to rotate the grind wheel at 10,000 RPM, the power consumption of the grinder was looked up. From the power consumption the torque was calculated to be 0.315 Nm, which equates to about 2.61 lbs of force on the workpeice from the grind wheel. This calculates to 12.4626 N of force at the gears to rotate the grind wheel at 10,000 RPM.
To calculate the stress in the gears, a stress equation was used from the Fundamentals of Machine Compoents Design by Robert C. Juvinall. The velocity factor was caluated with the assumption that the gears were precision shaved and ground. The overload factor was calculated with the assumption that the source of power is uniform and the driven machinery is assumed to have moderate shock. Both gears were overhung, which gave a mounting factor of 1.25. The calculated stress in the smaller gear was 613.601 PSI and the stress in the larger gear was 442.438 PSI.
The table belows lists the Bill of Materials for the Reciprocating Saw:
|Part #||Part Name||Category #||Function||Material||Picture|
|1||Trigger||Switch||Control electrical signal||Plastic, copper wires|
|2||Variable speed control||Speed control||Control speed of blade||Plastic, copper wires|
|3||Insulated Bearing||Support Element||Allows rotation of motor||Steel|
|4||Motor||Input||Turns to drive gears||Copper wire, steel wire|
|6||Bearing||Support element||Allows motor and spiral bevel gear to rotate||Steel|
|7||Spiral bevel gear||Transmission motion conversion||Changes direction of rotation from motor||Steel|
|8||Brushes||Input||Electric signal causes motor rotation||Nickel, iron, cobalt|
|9||Shaft||Support element, motion conversion||Convert circular movement to linear||Stainless steel|


Material Management & Potholes
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 5. Material Management & Potholes
What do Material Management and Potholes have in common?
 First, let's think about potholes. Potholes are known for destroying our roads and most importantly, the cars we drive. Until a discovery by MacRebur, a company in Scotland, potholes were an inevitable destructive part of our life. MacRebur, theorized that roadways would have less likelihood of experiencing potholes after being filled with a new material, a mixture of asphalt and plastic material waste. This material would allow for more flexibility due to the plastic material properties in the mixture.
The impact of this new discovery on waste would be astonishing. Based on the study completed1 kilometer of road composed of this plastic waste and asphalt could be translated to 684,000 plastic bottles or 1.8 million plastic bags that would be diverted from landfills and oceans!
 So, if you are still asking yourself, what do Material Management and Potholes have in common It's product innovation. PLM enables engineers to spend their time finding endless innovations with material management(even if the problem is a pothole)
 So, let the software manage the background noise, keeping track of details, data and mindless operations that keep human minds spinning. Allow your engineers to utilize their minds to find the best innovations and bring them to life.
 PLM can give your company to grow through innovation, speed up time to market, control cost, and reduce the risk of unknown surprises.
Think the future, think PLM, think PROLIM.
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text:
Using Q&As and examples, KPMG provides interpretive guidance on consolidation-related accounting issues in applying ASC 810.
- Companies that present consolidated financial statements
- Companies with interests in variable and/or voting interest entities
This March 2021 edition incorporates updated guidance on:
- The interaction between silos, specified assets and VIE characteristics
- Recent SEC staff views on buy/sell arrangements, de facto agency relationships and shared power
- Hypothetical liquidation at book value ('HLBV')
- Common control transactions
- Equity-linked instruments
- Parent control of cash vs share settlement
- What is a variable interest?
- What is a variable interest entity?
- Who consolidates a voting interest entity?
- Who consolidates a variable interest entity?
- Consolidation and deconsolidation procedures
- Presentation and disclosure
- Not-for-profit entities, entities controlled by contract, combined and parent-only financial statements
- Expected losses and expected residual returns


text:
BirdLife Species Factsheet for Amsterdam Albatross Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis breeds only on Amsterdam Island (French Southern Territories) in the southern Indian Ocean. Snce 1994 it has been listed as Critically Endangered under criteria (B2ab(v); C2a(ii)), since it was estimated to have an extremely small population, with breeding confined to a tiny area on one island, and continuing declines projected owing to diseases causing chick mortality. However, the population has been steadily increasing since at least 1984, when the first census was carried out (Weimerskirch et al. 1997, Inchausti and Weimerskirch 2001, H. Weimerskirch in litt. 2005, 2010). There is now an estimated total population of c.170 birds including 80 mature individuals, with c.26 pairs breeding annually (Rains et al. 2011). The population is nevertheless considered to be smaller than historic levels, when it is thought to have had a more extensive breeding range over the slopes of the island (Weimerskirch et al. 1997). In addition, Amsterdam Albatross is believed to have suffered severe declines in the 1970s (perhaps owing to degradation of breeding sites by introduced cattle, human, introduced predators, particularly feral cats, and possibly interactions with longline fisheries around the island [Inchausti and Weimerskirch 2001]) and so, over three generations (c.82 years), has almost certainly declined overall. The primary future threat is thought to be the potential spread of diseases (avian cholera and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathidae) that affect the Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche carteri population 3 km from the colony (Weimerskirch 2004), whilst the foraging range of the species overlaps with longline fishing operations targeting tropical tuna species, so bycatch may present a further threat (ACAP 2010). Nevertheless, given c.30 years of data showing a steady population increase (and no data from before this period), and the fact that projected continuing declines have not yet materialised, the species arguably does not qualify under criteria B2ab and C2a (both require a "continuing decline"). However, Amsterdam Albatross would qualify as Endangered under criterion D (total population numbering fewer than 250 mature individuals) if the population has numbered >50 mature individuals for at least five years. This seems plausible, but it is important to establish whether the species numbered fewer than 50 mature individuals at any point since 1988 (when the species was first assessed for the IUCN Red List). If so, when it is likely to have exceeded this threshold? This information is required in order to incorporate into the Red List Index (for all birds, and for ACAP-listed species specifically). Comments are invited on this proposal to downlist to Endangered, specifically whether a "continuing decline" should be projected on the basis of the risk of disease and/or bycatch, and whether the population has numbered fewer than 50 mature individuals at any point since 1988, and if so, when this threshold was exceeded. References ACAP. 2010. Species assessments: Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Downloaded from _URL_ on 22 March 2013. Inchausti, P.; Weimerskirch, H. 2001. Risks of decline and extinction of the endangered Amsterdam Albatross and the projected impact of long-line fisheries. Biological Conservation 100: 377-386. Rains D., Weimerskirch H., Burg T.M. 2011. Piecing together the global population puzzle of wandering albatrosses: genetic analysis of the Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Journal of Avian Bioiogy. 42: 69-79 Weimerskirch, H.; Brothers, N.; Jouventin, P. 1997. Population dynamics of Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans and Amsterdam Albatross D. amsterdamensis in the Indian Ocean and their relationships with long-line fisheries: conservation implications. Biological Conservation 79: 257-270. Weimerskirch, H. 2004. Diseases threaten Southern Ocean albatrosses. Polar Biology 27: 374-379.
Contact the BirdLife Red List Team under redlistteam [at] birdlife [dot] org.


Dog Walking Club Walk Leader
To become a Dog Walking Club Walk Leader, you will be given free training, described as follows:
The one day training course is delivered locally by local trainers, and split into two sections.
Section 1 - Theory
This section of the day explores the concept and issues around health walks. The outcomes for this part of the training are:
· Understanding the partnership that delivers the national programme and supports all the schemes
· Understanding the benefits of activity and the positive impact on physical and mental health
· Understanding what a health walk is and how to run one
· Explore the paperwork, understand why it is required and how the data will be used
· Understand the insurance cover provided by Walking for Health through the Ramblers
· Learn how to create a safe effective route and carry out a risk assessment
· Explore difficult scenarios such as dogs on walks and how to deal with them
· Understand about inclusivity and what this means
Section 2 - Practical
Everyone take part in a demonstration walk led by the trainer focussing on best practise, risk assessments and how to adjust walks to suit people with a variety of needs. Participants are given the opportunity to put the theory into practise and explore any issues they may have.
At the end of the training all trainees are given a progress card which they have to complete to become a fully trained walk leader. To become a recognised Walking for Health walk leader they need to:
· Shadow a walk leader
· Lead a walk whilst being observed by a trainer walk leader


text:
ROCHESTER, Minn. — Mayo Clinic researchers say that "teachable software" designed to mimic the human brain may help them diagnose cardiac infections without an invasive exam. Those findings are being presented today at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) in San Francisco.
Endocarditis — an infection involving the valves and sometimes chambers of the heart — can be a problem in patients with implanted medical devices. It is serious and can be deadly. The mortality rate can be as high as one in five, even with aggressive treatment and removal of the device. With additional complications, the mortality could be over 60 percent. Diagnosis usually requires transesophageal echocardiography, an invasive procedure that also has risks. It involves use of an endoscope and insertion of a probe down the esophagus.
The software program is called an "artificial neural network" (ANN) because it mimics the brain's cognitive function and reacts differently to situations depending on its accumulated knowledge. That knowledge or training is provided by researchers, similar to how a person would "train" a computer to play chess, by introducing it to as many situations as possible. In this case, the ANN underwent three separate "trainings" to learn how to evaluate the symptoms it would be considering.
"If, through this novel method, we can help determine a percentage of endocarditis diagnoses with a high rate of accuracy, we hope to save a significant number of patients from the discomfort, risk and expense of the standard diagnostic procedure," says M. Rizwan Sohail, M.D., a Mayo Clinic infectious diseases specialist and leader of the study.
The team studied 189 Mayo patients with device-related endocarditis diagnosed between 1991 and 2003. The ANN was tested retrospectively on the data from these cases. When tested on cases with known diagnosis of endocarditis, the best-trained ANN was correct most of the time (72 of 73 implant-related infections and 12 of 13 endocarditis cases) with a confidence level greater than 99 percent.
Researchers say that, when used on an overall sample that included both known and unknown cases, the ANN accurately excluded endocarditis in at least half of the cases, thus eliminating half the cohort from a needless invasive procedure.
The research team included Loai Saadah, Pharm.D.; Tawam-Johns Hopkins Medicine, United Arab Emirates; and Daniel Uslan, M.D.; Paul Friedman, M.D.; David Hayes, M.D.; Walter Wilson, M.D.; James Steckelberg, M.D.; and Larry Baddour, M.D.; all of Mayo Clinic. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
About Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic is the first and largest integrated, not-for-profit group practice in the world. Doctors from every medical specialty work together to care for patients, joined by common systems and a philosophy of "the needs of the patient come first." More than 3,300 physicians, scientists and researchers and 46,000 allied health staff work at Mayo Clinic, which has sites in Rochester, Minn., Jacksonville, Fla., and Scottsdale/Phoenix, Ariz. Collectively, the three locations treat more than half a million people each year. To obtain the latest news releases from Mayo Clinic, go to _URL_ For information about research and education, visit _URL_. MayoClinic.com (_URL_) is available as a resource for your health stories.


Diploma display ideas
Graduation day is one of the proudest moments in students' academic careers. Diplomas are symbolic of hours spent honing skills and working on assignments and, ultimately, success in the classroom. High school diplomas represent an opportunity to go on to higher learning or a trade, while college degrees indicate young people are ready to begin their professional lives.
Many graduates are excited about the prospect of receiving their diplomas. Once in hand, the document can be put on display. The following are some unique ways to showcase diplomas at home or at work.
One of the classic ways to display a diploma is in a frame. Many businesses offer customized framing where the frame material and the matting can be chosen. Some grads may want to include a photograph of the school or a picture of the graduate above the diploma. Graduates also may want to select a frame and mat that coordinates with school colors.
Create a shadow box
Consider displaying the diploma with other mementos from school. A shadow box is a large, deep display frame that can house items that are thicker than photographs or papers. Items such as a graduation tassel, medal or other award, a varsity jacket patch, or a program from a school performance or awards ceremony can be placed in the shadow box.
Create a photo wall
Display the diploma among other framed photos from school activities. This can elicit a trip down memory lane every time the wall is viewed. Some families may want to display their diplomas together, especially if multiple family members attended the same school.
Make a work of art
Various online art vendors can turn the diploma into different works of art. For example, engravers can laser engrave the diploma onto a wooden plaque. Then the diploma can be displayed in one location and the wood plaque in another.
Place it under glass
Display the diploma beneath the glass top of a coffee table. When entertaining guests, the diploma can make for a unique conversation piece.
A school diploma is worthy of recognition. There are various creative ways to display these documents that reflect the hard work and success of their recipients.
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Want to figure out the date that is exactly nine thousand two hundred and ninety-one days before now without counting?
Today is May 19, 2013 so that means that 9291 days before today would be December 11, 1987.
You can check this by using the date difference calculator to measure the number of days from today to Dec 11, 1987.
Need to calculate 9291 days before a specific date? Use the Days From Date calculator.
December 11th, 1987 is a Friday. It is the 345th day of the year, and in the 50th week of the year (assuming each week starts on a Sunday), or the 4th quarter of the year. There are 31 days in this month. 1987 is not a leap year, so there are 365 days in this year. The short form for this date used in the United States is 12/11/1987.
In some cases, you might want to skip weekends and count only the weekdays. This could be useful if you know you have a deadline based on a certain number of business days. If you are trying to see what day falls on the exact date difference of 9,291 weekdays before today, you can count up each day skipping Saturdays and Sundays.
Start your calculation with today, which falls on a Sunday. Counting backward, the next day would be a Saturday.
To get exactly nine thousand two hundred and ninety-one weekdays before now, you actually need to count 13,008 total days (including weekend days). That means that 9291 weekdays before today would be October 7, 1977.
If you're counting business days, don't forget to adjust this date for any holidays.
October 7th, 1977 is a Friday. It is the 280th day of the year, and in the 41st week of the year (assuming each week starts on a Sunday), or the 4th quarter of the year. There are 31 days in this month. 1977 is not a leap year, so there are 365 days in this year. The short form for this date used in the United States is 10/7/1977.
This site provides an online Days From Today calculator to help you find the date that occurs exactly X days from now. You can also enter a negative number to find out when X days before today happened to fall. You can use this tool to figure out a deadline if you have a certain number of days remaining. Or read the full page to learn more about the due date if you're counting business days or weekdays only, skipping Saturday and Sunday. If you're trying to measure the number of days between two dates, you can switch to the Date Difference calculator instead.
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Sabrina amrane
of the
Sabrina amrane
photo by sabrina amrane
The western world has little understanding of henna, its techniques or history, and no legal or commercial framework for its regulation. North Africa has been the source of unique qualities in regards to henna, but not many people know about the tradition, let alone the business side of the practice.
Dried, ground, and mixed with water, henna leaves have been used since Antiquity in North Africa as a hair, nail, skin, and cloth dye. There are many varieties recognized in the popular taxonomy of Lawsonia inermis L, henna by its Latin name. The plant is of brilliant green color, bears white flowers with four petals, arranged in a bouquet, and is fragrant.
Enclosed in small boxes of cardboard, henna powder is distributed worldwide but has not been adopted by the Western world as a natural dye.
From North America to North Africa, the henna business is multi-faceted. Its production, exportation, employment opportunities, and commercialization could serve as a model for other artistic occupations that deal directly with the human body.
Nic Tharpa Cartier is a former henna artist, designer of many henna books including Mauritania and Inadan: Tuareg and Wodaabe Style Henna Patterns, as well as co-author of Moor: A Henna Atlas of Morocco.
Nic Tharpa Cartier and Lisa Butterworth's Moor: A Henna Atlas of Morocco
He found his intrigue for henna in 1997 at the age of 11. He paints a picture of the late 90s "when henna was having a moment in pop culture." He says, "Madonna was wearing henna all the time, you pretty much couldn't pick up a fashion magazine without some model in it having henna on."
Despite this surge of interest, like all other trends, henna disappeared from the public eye. It was difficult in the early 2000s to get a hold of the materials needed to do henna, but there was a small network of people on an amateur website called the Henna Page. Cartier says, "It was just a forum with conversation threads. That was pretty much the only online resource at the time. People congregated there and just discussed and shared what they were working on, what they were practicing." At that point, which remains the case today, research on North African henna was sparse, especially in English.
This leads us to our first question: Where does henna come from?
Zahra Mohamed Bougataya'S henna-stained hands from a trip to hay Hassani, Casablanca, MOROCCO. photo by sabrina amrane
the production of north african henna
In places where henna is cultivated, its virtues are multiple. Henna is therapeutic, medical, cosmetic, and decorative. It is used by almost the entire North African population hence the need for large production. A woman in Morocco who uses it traditionally uses three to five kilos a year and sometimes more, for dyeing her hair, the palms of her hands, and soles of her feet.
In Boston, henna is often associated with India, due to the city's large Indian community. According to Noam Sienna, who did his Master's thesis on the henna tradition in North Africa at University of Minnesota, henna has only been part of Indian culture for the past century. Henna has been used in North Africa for over 2,000 years.
It is found in the south of Morocco, all around the Sahara, Mauritania, the Sudanese zone, and northern low-lying oases. Some of the henna used in North Africa comes from the oases that line the fringe of the northern Sahara: Gabes, Nefzaoua, El Jerid, Biskra (particularly famous for its henna production), Oued Righ, Ouargla, Tuat, Gurara, Tidikelt, and Tafilalet.
map: sabrina amrane
Henna is a dye authorized by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Henna alone or mixed with natural products like lemon juice to revive the color has virtually no toxicity. Sue Murrad, a henna artist in Jamaica Plain, lightly soaks a cotton ball into a mixture of lemon, sugar, and water and taps it on her clients' fresh henna design to sustain the stain for up to two weeks. Henna becomes very toxic when mixed with chemicals such as diluents (douliou in Arabic) to fix the color faster and more intensely and paraphenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic chemical used for hair dye which was never meant to be on the skin. It produces a black color and shortens the drying time, which lasts only a few minutes to 2 hours. The stain thus obtained may last longer. This is commonly known as "black henna". Marketing this product as natural henna is not only inaccurate but may be regrettable for those who have adverse results. The use of powders containing such dyes can lead to fatal accidents.
Black henna is casually prompted on the shelf behind the cashier at Adam Halal Market in Revere, right by the Beachmont train station stop on the blue line. The box reads "Rani Mumtaz Kone Black Henna Paste". $1,112.86 worth of this product was shipped to the United States on May 20, 2016. In 2012, someone reviewed the product and said they were "immediately struck by the ammonia or something-from-a-hairdresser's smell." After application, they wrote, "I was a bit alarmed to find my skin kind of raised and a little 'bubbly.'"
It is still difficult to track how black henna circulates in the United States. An Import Alert allows the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to detain products that violate or appear to violate the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. They have two Import Alerts in effect for henna. However, because not all shipments of imported cosmetics are inspected, it's still possible for some unsafe or mislabeled products to be imported into the country. The FDA site reads, "An Import Alert is in effect for henna intended for use on the skin because it is an unapproved use of the color additive." Some henna hair dye companies have claimed that all of the various colors of their henna hair dye come from henna and henna only; that red henna was from leaves, black henna was from henna roots, and brown henna was from henna bark. This is not true and may have been a convenient lie to circumvent the FDA regulation and/or may have been to keep competitors and consumers ignorant of what was actually in the box.
Cartier tries to be more concerned over design and tradition. "The material doesn't matter so much as the usage and application." A part of why this is has to do with his reference to Sudan, where black henna is vastly used despite the population being well-aware of its risks. He says, "It's pretty much all people use at this point, but the artistry is incredible. We can't discount that just because they're using an unsafe product. We do things every day that we know there's going to be assumed risks."
Many henna artists in Morocco, according to Cartier, use black henna on tourists as a matter of convenience; it dyes faster and is very cheap. Natural henna takes longer to stain the skin and can require a cloth to be wrapped around to protect the design from smudging. Tourists should be aware of this, should they get an allergic reaction to black henna without knowing. Cynthia Becker, a professor at Boston University and scholar of African arts specializing in the arts of the Imazighen (Berbers) in Morocco, Algeria, and Niger, says natural henna does not last on her skin so she has always opted for black henna and hasn't had any problems. Everyone should act to their own discretion.
With tourist economies like Morocco, the cash-earning potential of henna is an incentive for women who want to pick up work, even if not much income is made. Cartier categorizes two kinds of henna artists in Morocco. The first are those who do henna for tourists in large plazas, and the second are specialized artists that work for private events, whose prestige is advertised merely by word of mouth.
He gives an idea of how the henna business is run in Marrakech, "Those people are not necessarily independent entrepreneurs. They either willingly or unwillingly work for a group of people who are sort of in control of the square, because that's the main tourist area. They give a percentage of their earnings over to whoever." Private henna artists, on the other hand, build up a reputation by their clients recommending them to others. Cartier adds, "I haven't noticed a lot of crossover between those groups." He also mentions that many henna artists have already made the switch to social media in Mauritania. In general, however, the network of professional henna artists are hard to find in North Africa. In Tunisia, traders complain that the trickle of tourists is not enough to compensate for locals' disinterest. Cartier says, "but they are there, and there are plenty of them. It's a necessity. We still need those artists."
Fatimzahra Azzaoui, first-generation Moroccan American explains that the henna artist is very much a part of the events she is


The importance of cyber screening for managing the risks of mergers and acquisitions | data room
ideals virtual data rooms
Mergers and acquisitions are always associated with financial, legal and reputational risks. In a modern global data economy, cyber verification is an essential part of any business investment, just as standard due diligence practice is a standard procedure today. Consumer data is recognized as a powerful product simply by companies and regulators around the world.
For a successful process and complete a transaction, it is important that the company recognizes cyber risks that it can take upon both before and after the investment.
The inclusion of internet in the standard practice of standing, finance and legal knowledge allows you to calculate all the potential risks for a transaction, protecting the investor by paying a potentially high price or receiving an even higher fine. Employing this information in the negotiation phase can help companies identify the cost of eliminating discovered vulnerabilities and potentially use it by significant cost to negotiate prices.
In many companies which have learned it the hard way, cyber verification makes sense both in terms of reputation and in terms of financing when acquiring a company. How can internet verification affect negotiations and what steps should be taken to fix them? What is an obstacle to cyber tests?
The problem is that it is perceived as someone else's problem that can be fixed following the transaction, or that it can be resolved by regulators or the public, hoping not to harm the reputation.
To avoid regulatory dishonesty, any business that invests or acquires another company should be able to demonstrate that it provides undertaken a preliminary cybernetic review along with the regulators prior to the transaction if a infringement is subsequently discovered.
Cyber verification can be an important discussing tool if it is done as a preventative measure before a transaction. A cybernetic check thus serves as a negotiation tool if the decision-makers of the acquire uncover red flags during the check. There are numerous moving parts during this process. It is therefore essential that all important documents will be in one place and can be kept properly.
When choosing a, it is important to quickly find the perfect solution that meets your requirements. The VDR market always helps when facts operations are required
The results of a cybernetic test could also be used to evaluate other acquisitions this is useful for companies that quickly add to their portfolio. These data can be used for other purposes in the portfolio to identify high-risk areas. If the results of the cyber due diligence method are standardized, taking into account the effects of traditional due diligence procedures, shareholders get a holistic view of the risks in the entire portfolio. The data may also be used by transaction teams to provide buyers with the best opportunities to agree on the retail price and terms of thecquisition.


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Format of Original
American Psychological Association
Original Item ID
Objective: The ability to recognize familiar people is impaired in both Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). In addition, both groups often demonstrate a time-limited temporal gradient (TG) in which well known people from decades earlier are better recalled than those learned recently. In this study, we examined the TG in cognitively intact elders for remote famous names (1950–1965) compared to more recent famous names (1995–2005). We hypothesized that the TG pattern on a famous name recognition task (FNRT) would predict future cognitive decline, and also show a significant correlation with hippocampal volume.
Method: Seventy-eight healthy elders (ages 65–90) with age-appropriate cognitive functioning at baseline were administered a FNRT. Follow-up testing 18 months later produced two groups: Declining (≥ 1 SD reduction on at least one of three measures) and Stable (< 1 SD).
Results: The Declining group (N = 27) recognized fewer recent famous names than the Stable group (N = 51), although recognition for remote names was comparable. Baseline MRI volumes for both the left and right hippocampi were significantly smaller in the Declining group than the Stable group. Smaller baseline hippocampal volume was also significantly correlated with poorer performance for recent, but not remote famous names. Logistic regression analyses indicated that baseline TG performance was a significant predictor of group status (Declining vs. Stable) independent of chronological age and APOE ε4 inheritance.
Conclusions: The TG for famous name recognition may serve as an early preclinical cognitive marker of cognitive decline in healthy older individuals


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The Doaksville archeological site provides a glimpse of the diverse historic and cultural past of southeast Oklahoma. Here, a trading post was established during the early 1820s by Josiah Doaks. With the signing of the treaties, Dancing Rabbit Creek and Doaks Stand, Doaksville became a major destination in what would latter became known as Indian Territory (IT). With the military post nearby at Fort Towson for protection, Doaksville became the largest town in IT in 1850 and the commercial center of the Choctaw Nation.
Ruins of the Old Jailhouse
Commerce grew with the establishment of the roads built to supply Fort Towson. These roads connected this region to metropolitan areas such as Fort Smith, Arkansas and Fort Jessup, Louisiana. Steamboats on the Red River in the late 1830s carried goods to Doaksville and agriculture products out of the region. At its height in the 1840s and 1850s, the town boasted more than thirty buildings, including stores, a jail, school, hotel, and two newspapers.
Prosperity and location allowed Doaksville to become the political center and then capitol of the Choctaw Nation in 1850. In 1837, the Choctaws and the Chickasaws signed the Treaty of Doaksville which allowed the Chickasaws to lease the western most portion of the Choctaw Nation for settlement. In 1855, U.S. government officials, Choctaws, and Chickasaws created a separate district for the Chickasaw people. A constitution was drafted there in 1858. In 1859 the Choctaws moved their capitol west to Mayhew Mission and then to the present location at Tuskahoma.
Doaksville decline began with the abandonment of Fort Towson in 1854. The Civil War in Indian Territory devastated the region's plantation-based economy. On June 23, 1865, the last Confederate general, Stand Watie, surrendered his Indian Brigade to Union forces near Doaksville. The town declined in importance in the late 1800s. The final blow came in 1870 when the railroad was built one mile south. The town moved to the railroad and Fort Towson took the place of Doaksville.
Doaksville Archeological Site
Doaksville is an interpreted archeological site operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society. Major archeological investigations in 1995, 1996, and 1997 revealed the limestone foundations of multiple structures, including wells, jail, store, hotel, along with thousands of artifacts. A walking trail constructed in 2001 loops around the stabilized masonry ruins, and signage interprets the history of Doaksville and the multi-cultural people who lived there.
Visit the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture to find out more about Doaksville.


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die throws an exception, and eval traps it. Error string is found in $@. The following code has the possibility of two run-time errors:
$c = $a / $b; #1
die "Denominator cannot be negative" if ($b < 0); #2
print "Run-time error: $@";
$@ can be "Illegal division by zero" at (1) or "Denominator cannot be negative" at (2).
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Measuring the Strength of a Magnet
I Photo 5
Image: Rhett Allain. Three different magnets.
Bigger magnets aren't always "stronger". But how do you make a comparison between different magnets? One way is to determine the magnetic dipole moment of the magnet.
Magnetic Dipole Moment
Maybe you aren't quite sure about dipoles, but let me go ahead and say that a bar magnet isn't actually a dipole. Ok, now for an actual dipole. Suppose you take a positive charge and a negative charge with the same magnitude charge and separate them by a distance s. This is called an electric dipole. You can find the electric field at any point in space by taking the superposition of the electric field due to both the positive and negative charges. If you did that, you could display this electric field vector at some select points in space. Doing so might look something like this.
Vpython 2
Output from a VPython program
Notice that I have correctly drawn this dipole by putting the positive charge as a red object and the negative as blue. Everyone knows that positives are always red.
Now suppose you look at a bar magnet. If you were to measure the magnetic field around the magnet you would find that the field has the same pattern and shape (well, just about the same) as the electric dipole. You have probably seen this with iron fillings on top of a bar magnet. Similar shape.
But how do you quantify this in some way? The key is to look at the magnitude of the field along an axis that runs through the two electric charges (or through the length of the bar magnet). In this case, it isn't too difficult to derive an approximate expression for the magnitude of the field. I won't do it here, but I do have a video version of this. Actually, that is the magnitude of the field along a perpendicular axis to the dipole – but you get the idea.
For two electric charges, the magnitude of the field along the axis can be found as:
La te xi t 1
This result is only an approximation for the case that r (the distance from the center of the dipole to the location of the field) is much greater than s (the distance between the two charges in the dipole). I hope it's clear that q is the magnitude of one of the charges (the net charge of a dipole is zero).
But wait! How can we use and expression like this for a bar magnet? Magnets don't have two "magnetic charges" in them, do they? No, they don't. We can call the product of q and s the electric dipole moment. It would actually be a vector, but just don't worry about that for now. Using the same idea for a bar magnet, we can say that it has a magnetic dipole moment – μ. A bar magnet with a greater dipole moment will create greater magnetic fields.
Determining the Magnetic Dipole Moment
Could you just measure the magnetic field at a certain location from a bar magnet and call it a day? Sure, but that wouldn't be much fun – would it? How do you measure the magnetic field anyway? Didn't I just go over that? Yes, I did but you weren't paying attention.
Here's the plan. Use the different methods of measuring the magnetic fields and find this field at different positions from the bar magnet. Record both the field strength and the distance. Here is this plot using the compass with a small red bar magnet (shown above).
How do you find the magnetic dipole moment from that plot? You can't do it very easily. It's easier to deal with a plot that is linear. In that way, you can just add a linear fit and use the slope (and maybe the intercept). So, lets go back to the expression for the magnetic field due to a dipole.
Plotting B vs. 1/r3 should be a linear graph with the stuff in the left parenthesis being the slope. I guess I should point out that the μ0/(4π) is just a constant. Here is that new plot.
From the slopes of these three lines, I can get three different magnetic dipole moments. They are:
 - Traditional Compass: μ = 0.2207 A*m2
 - iPhone Compass: μ = 0.0525 A*m2
 - xSensor: μ = 0.3077 A*m2
I was expecting some values that were a little closer in agreement. Perhaps it is clear that the iPhone compass doesn't give results that agree with the other two methods.
There is another magnet I was going to look at, but perhaps you can determine it's dipole moment as a take home lab assignment. Here's the magnet.
I Photo
I like this magnet because of the box that it came in.
I Photo 2
Yes. The box says "cow magnets". They happen to work fairly well for experiments that require a bar magnet. What is a cow magnet? Apparently cows eat stuff on the ground. Usually this "stuff" is grass. However, sometimes this "stuff" that goes into the cow is non-grass objects like old staples and nails. If these staples and nails get into the smaller parts of a cow's stomach, it can cause damage. The cow magnet is then placed in the cow to attract these iron objects and prevent them from getting into the small stomach parts. I tell students that I got these magnets on the cheap end because they were already used.
Oh, a warning. If you order cow magnets, you might get something that is useful for cows but not physics. I have some newer cow magnets that have several small magnets inside an aluminum case. It looks the same as my older cow magnets but they do not have a magnetic field similar to a bar magnet.


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I thought a belly tank was classified as a "Lakester" when it ran on the dry lakes, but early on I was told by good friend Jim Miller, curator of the American Hot Found Foundation (_URL_ that it was considered both a "streamliner" and a "Lakester" – it just depends "when" you are looking at the history.
I hate moving targets. I have a hard enough time trying to keep away from all the crazy drivers on the road here in Florida, let alone staying away from hitting them. So where do you look for a bit of history on these classes? Why Dean Batchelor, and his book "The American Hot Rod" is a great starting place, of course!
The American Hot Rod (Dean Batchelor, 1995)
Dean was there when it all happened starting in the 1930's and beyond. He was an aircraft builder, race car designer and driver, automotive journalist, and all around hot rodder – and – automotive historian too. In fact, Dean is one of the recognized legends of automotive history, and each year the Motor Press Guild honors excellence in automotive journalism with an award given out in his name. You can read more about Dean, the award, and his history on the following website:
Classes of Cars on the Dry Lakes (_PHONE_)
In Dean's book "The American Hot Rod," Dean covers the history of hot rodding as seen through his eyes and memories as well as his friends from the era. One of the excellent chapters in his book is called "Clubs and Associations", and details the beginnings of time trials and "classes" of cars from the late 1930's, as follows:
In 1938, the first year of official SCTA (Southern California Timing Association) meets, two classes of cars were listed as follows:
- Stock Roadster Bodies
- Modified Roadster Bodies
These two classes of bodies were further divided into seven different speed classes. During this year, entrants raced side-by-side, like modern drag races.
1939 Thru Mid 1941:
In 1939, side-by-side contests were abandoned for safety reasons, and another body class called "Streamliners" was added. As Dean reports, "the Streamliner" class amounted to a catch-all for cars that didn't fit into the Roadster or Modified classes, and these were sometimes an ex-sprint car or something similar. They usually had pointed tails, unlike the Modifieds which were squared-off behind the driver. So there were a total of three classes as follows:
- Streamliner (first year for Streamliner Class)
In mid-1941, The SCTA added a fourth class, "Unlimited" which allowed cars with much larger engines (V-16, for example) to run separately from the rest of the cars powered by traditional engines. By the end of 1941, there were four classes:
- Unlimited (first year for Unlimited Class)
SCTA did not officially run during World War II years.
The four body class divisions remained through 1946 as follows:
- Streamliner (Belly Tanks ran under the Streamliner Class)
Two other items worth mentioning occurred in 1946:
- First belly tank on the dry lakes was designed and built by Bill Burke. Drivers were Eddie "Choppo" Korgan and Ken Crawford.
- Veda Orr published first book "Veda Orr's Lakes Pictorial" for the 1946 season
From 1947 to 1948, only two body styles were recognized in classes:
The "Modified" and "Unlimited" class designations had been dropped. In addition, engine size entered the picture for 1947 within each of these classes / body types. Belly tanks continued to be classified as "Streamliners".
In addition, the Russetta Timing Association was formed in 1948 to provide timing trials for sedans and coupes. This occurred because SCTA did not allow these types of cars unless invited to run.
In 1949, the Roadster class was divided into two groups (Roadsters and Lakesters) and the streamliner class continued, leaving the following classes:
- Roadster (stock Body)
- Lakester (altered bodies such as channeled bodies, Model T-bodied cars, and those with streamlining ahead of the firewall). This was the first year for the Lakester Class.
Belly tanks continued to be classified as "Streamliners".
After three fully enclosed body streamliners appeared in 1949 (Lee Chapel, Howard Johansen, and the So-Cal Special Streamliner), exposed wheel streamliners which included belly tanks and sprint car types were moved from the Streamliner Class to the Lakester Class which had debuted a year earlier. Altered roadsters became "Modified Roadsters" leaving the following classes:
- Modified Roadsters
- Lakesters (Belly Tanks moved from the Streamliner Class to the Lakester Class in 1951)
1951 and Beyond
Classes continued to become more complex and were further divided by body type and engine size in the following years. I found a great article that appeared in the 1952 edition of "How to Build a Hot Rod" by Fawcett Books, and have posted the article below for your review. The article is called "Clear-Cut Classification" and reviews the classes and engine sizes as of 1952. I think you'll find the article to be a great read in every way.
I'm also still reviewing the information from 1938 thru 1950, and may be able to offer further detail concerning classification of body types too. I'm told by researchers in the area that body types, classes, and engine classifications recognized sometimes changed for specific meets (SCTA, Russetta, and location of these meets). So the information above should be viewed as a guideline provided by Dean Batchelor for the overall classification of body types from _PHONE_ on the dry lakes. We may be able to further define this classification scheme in the near future.
So….take your pick and call your Belly Tank a "Streamliner" or a "Lakester" – depending on the year it was built. Both are great designations for historic tanks out there, and I hope you find this bit of trivia interesting to review. It was fascinating to me when I first came upon it.
Until next time gang….
Shake, Rattle, and Go!


Information, Symptoms, Treatments and Resources
Ringworm and Animals
Ringworm and Animals
What is ringworm?
Can animals transmit ringworm to me?
Yes, many different kinds of animals can transmit ringworm to people. Ringworm is transmitted from direct contact with an infected animal's skin or hair. Dogs and cats, especially kittens or puppies, can have ringworm that can be passed to people. Cows, goats, pigs, and horses can pass ringworm to people too. People can also get ringworm from other people and their personal items.
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Space is three-dimensional... or is it? When we spoke to theoretical physicist David Berman in October this year we found out that in fact, we are all used to living in a curved, multidimensional universe. And a mathematical argument might just explain how those higher dimensions are hidden from view.
Kaluza, Klein and their story of a fifth dimension — David Berman explains the concept of dimension and how a mathematical idea suggests that we might well live in five of them.
The ten dimensions of string theory — String theory has one very unique consequence that no other theory of physics before has had: it predicts the number of dimensions of space-time. David Berman explains where these other dimensions might be hiding and how we might observe them.
How many dimensions are there? – the podcast — You can listen to an interview with David Berman as he tells us how Kaluza, Klein and their fifth dimension might help us understand the ten dimensions of string theory.


Definitions for "Mental Disorder"
The DSM defines mental disorder as a pattern of behavior, or psychological features, occurring in an individual that are currently associated with any of the following: a subjective sense of distress; impairment in important areas of function, such as work, school, relationships; or a significantly increased risk of posing a danger to oneself or others, or of losing an important freedom.
'a mental illness, arrested or incomplete development of mind, psychopathic disorder, and any other disorder or disability of the mind'. A definition adopted in the Mental Health Act 1959. The definition continued the practice of lumping together people with a mental illness and people with a learning disability.
A behavioural or psychological syndrome associated with current distress and/or disability.
a more severe and complex version of an ordinary mental problem


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While preparing for this week's show on Tatanka Iyotake, Sitting Bull, we hoped to find audio recordings of this legendary Lakota leader talking or singing. We reached out to historian Bill Yenne and Alexandra Shadid, an archivist at the University of Oklahoma's Western History Collections, which houses the papers of Walter Stanley Campbell — better known by his pen name, Stanley Vestal, one of the earliest biographers of Sitting Bull whose source material is the foundation for much of the current research being published on Sitting Bull.
Sitting Bull's signature from a pictograph he drew in 1882. (Image courtesy of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History)
Both scholars informed us that they weren't aware of any audio recordings in Sitting Bull's own voice, but Ms. Shadid did offer up the transcripts of Vestal's interviews and songs by Sitting Bull. She also referred us to a recording housed at the Minnesota Historical Society, just a five-minute walk from our offices in downtown Saint Paul. Here, on Christmas day 1946, Mary P. Hunt tells the story of living in Fort Yates on the Standing Rock Reservation (in what was the Dakota Territory) and her encounter with Sitting Bull, who was, in her words, being held prisoner with members of other tribes. She recounts how she sat with him for a couple of days teaching him how to sign his name in English script, which he then sold in exchange for a 50-cent piece.
I'm not entirely sure of the veracity of Ms. Hunt's story; Bill Yenne writes about Sitting Bull's time at Fort Randall as such:
"Sitting Bull submitted quietly, albeit not happily, to his life at the post. He certainly knew that things could have been worse. The Fort Randall complex — more a campus than a stockade — was his forced residence, but ironically it gave him his first ever-known, fixed address. Because of this, Sitting Bull suddenly started receiving fan mail. Bags of it began arriving from all over the world. Having learned to write his name in wasichu script, he relished signing autographs for people who wrote to him, or who made their way up the Missouri to visit him."
Nevertheless, delightful anecdotes like Ms. Hunt's are some of the gems that we've stumbled upon time and again while doing this work. Unfortunately, most people will never get to hear all this wonderful archival material that is part of the oral lore of a legendary figure, which only adds to the complexity of verifying what's fact and fiction, and somewhere in between. I'm glad we could give her story a stage.


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the location of each flash and whether you pressed the button when the light flashed in that location. At the end of the test, a printout shows any areas of your visual field where you did not see the flashes of light. In an alternative manual perimetry test, your health professional moves a light target and notes your visual field on paper.
- The tangent screen test uses a black screen with concentric circles and lines leading out from a center point (like a bull's-eye). Sitting 3 ft (1 m) to 6 ft (2 m) away from the screen, you cover one eye while fixing your gaze on a target point marked on the screen. Test objects of various sizes at the tip of a wand are then moved inward from the outer edge of the screen toward the center. You will signal when you can see the object, and that point is then marked on the screen. The points on the screen where you see the objects are connected to provide an outline of your visual field. The test is then repeated for the other eye. An alternative manual tangent screen test uses a white object against a black background. If you wear glasses, you will keep them on for this test.
Color vision test
Color vision tests check your ability to distinguish colors. In the most commonly used color vision test, you look for different colored numbers or symbols hidden in varying backgrounds of colored dots.
First, you are shown sample patterns and told what symbols and numbers you can expect to see. You then sit at a table and cover one eye. The health professional holds the color test patterns about 14 in. (36 cm) away from you. Some patterns are harder to pick out than others. As the health professional holds up a pattern, you will identify the number or symbol you see and trace it using a pointer. Some patterns may not have a number or symbol. The test is then repeated with the other eye.
How It Feels
You should not feel any discomfort during these vision tests.
When dilating eyedrops are used
Dilating drops may make your eyes sting and cause a medicine taste in your mouth. You will have trouble focusing your eyes for up to 12 hours after your eyes have been dilated. Your distance vision usually is not affected as much as your near vision, though your eyes may be very sensitive to light. Do not drive for several hours after your eyes have been dilated. Wearing sunglasses may make you more comfortable until the effect of the drops wears off.
In some people, the dilating eyedrops can cause an allergic reaction.
Vision tests check many different functions of the eye.
Visual acuity testing
The visual acuity score compares your distance vision with that of people who have normal vision, using an eye chart. Each eye's score is expressed as two numbers, such as 20/20 (6/6) or 20/100 (6/30). The first number is the distance you stand from the chart, usually 20 ft (6 m) when using a typical wall chart. The second number is the distance from which people with normal eyesight can read the same line on the eye chart.
20/20 (6/6) vision is considered normal. A person with 20/20 vision can see at 20 ft (6 m) what people with normal vision can see at this distance.
- When the second number is smaller than the first number, the person's vision is better than normal. For instance, a person with 20/10 (6/3) vision can see from 20 ft (6 m) what people with normal vision can see from 10 ft (3 m).
- When the second number is larger than the first number, the person's distance vision is worse than normal.
- A person with 20/200 (6/60) vision or less in his or her best eye when wearing corrective lenses is considered legally blind.
For near vision, 14/14 (35/35) is normal, with 14 in. (36 cm) being the normal distance for reading. If the second number is greater than 14 (14/20, for example, or 35/50), it means that you have reduced near vision. You have to be 14 in. (36 cm) away to read print that people with normal near vision can read from 20 in. (51 cm).
A Jaeger (J) number is another way to rate your near vision. The J number relates to the size of text you could read on the Jaeger chart. The J number goes up as the print size of the text you read goes up. The higher the J number, the worse your near vision. The number can range from J1 to J16. For example:
- J1 means that you could read the smallest text on the chart and that you have 20/15 vision.
- J2 means the line of text you were able to read had larger print than J1, and your vision is 20/20.
- J3 means the line of text you were able to read had larger print than J1 and J2, and your vision is 20/40.
Visual acuity tests usually take about 5 to 10 minutes.
The health professional tests your eyes with different lenses until the lens that corrects your vision the best (sometimes better than 20/20 or 6/6) is found. The result of a refraction test determines your prescription eyeglass or contact lens strength.
A refraction test takes 5 to 30 minutes (30 minutes if dilating drops are used).
Visual field test
Normally, a person's visual field forms a rough circle with a natural blind spot. If your vision is normal, you should be able to see objects clearly throughout the entire visual field except for the area with the natural blind spot. When you are using both eyes to see, the blind spots do not interfere with your vision.
You may have vision loss in certain areas of the visual field if you are not able to see:
- Test objects during tangent screen testing.
- Movements or light flashes during perimetry testing.
Abnormal results during Amsler grid testing include:
- Not being able to see the black dot at the center of the grid.
- Not being able to see all four edges of the grid.
- Having blank spots or dark spots on the grid (other than the black dot at the center).
- Seeing lines that look wavy or curved.
Gaps in different parts of the visual field may have many causes, including eye diseases (such as glaucoma and macular degeneration) or nervous system problems (such as stroke). If results on any of the visual field tests are abnormal, you will need further tests to determine the cause.
Confrontation tests and Amsler grid tests take just a few minutes. More thorough visual field testing that uses perimetry and tangent screens can take more than 45 minutes when both eyes are tested.
Color vision test
People who have normal color vision are able to distinguish the colored numbers, symbols, or paths from the background of colored dots.
If you are not able to distinguish some or all of the colored patterns from the background, you may have a color vision problem. You may be able to pick out some patterns of colors but not others, or you may be able to pick out patterns that are different from a person with normal vision, depending on what type of color vision problem you have.
This test takes only a few minutes.
Many conditions can change your vision test results. Your health professional will discuss any significant abnormal results with you in relation to your symptoms and past health.
What Affects the Test
Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include:
- Your ability to understand or follow instructions. Some vision tests cannot be done on babies, small children, or people who cannot understand or follow the instructions.
- Your ability to stay alert and respond to questions.
- Failure to wear prescribed eyeglasses or contact lenses.
- Poor lighting.
What To Think About
- Eye charts that use pictures or symbols (such as an E chart) may be needed to test children or people who cannot read. Vision tests are also available for babies and young children.
- A complete eye and vision evaluation also includes a physical examination of the structures inside the eye. For more information, see the topic Ophthalmoscopy.
- A test to screen for increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which increases your risk for glaucoma, is often part of a routine eye exam. It also is used to monitor treatment for glaucoma. Tonometry can be used to determine whether a medicine is keeping your IOP below a set target pressure determined by your doctor. For more information, see the topic Tonometry.
- Home tests for near vision in adults and distance vision in children are available. These tests should not replace a thorough eye examination by a health professional.
Other Works Consulted
Chernecky CC, Berger BJ (2008). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders.
Fischbach FT, Dunning MB III, eds. (2009). Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
|Primary Medical Reviewer||Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine|
|Specialist Medical Reviewer||Christopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology|
|Last Revised||June 9, 2011|


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The Basic Minimum Qualification feature allows you to identify candidates that meet basic minimum qualifications (BMQ). This is in addition to the assessment ratings that will score candidate responses. You can mark an assessment question as being a minimum qualification question. Candidates will get a BMQ score based on the number of minimum qualification questions they met.
Requisitions cannot be edited once published. Only new requisitions may have changes made to the Assessment section once published.
- Select Settings
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- Select Job Application Settings tab
- Select Job Application Settings category
- Check or un-check Utilize Basic Minimum Qualifications
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Andrew Koenig
Dr. Dobb's Bloggers
Why Would You Ever Pass a Container By Value?
July 31, 2013
An important part of teaching is figuring out how to avoid drowning students in detail. Most people who have tried to learn something new and complicated, such as a programming language, have had the experience of looking at a textbook, or listening to a lecture, and encountering a flood of options or features without a clue as to which ones are important, or which ones to use when, or even how they relate to each other. One way to avoid imposing such experiences on students is to give them an intellectual framework that lets the students relate parts of what they are learning to other parts.
For example, suppose we write a C++ expression that calls a function:
Obviously, this expression calls a function f and passes an argument x to it. Moreover, if f is defined as
 void f(T y) { /* … */ }
then we can say that the call f(x) passes the argument x to the parameter y, and that doing so involves the same actions as if we had written
 T y = x;
This explanation encourages students to relate what happens when we call a function to what happens when we use a value to initialize a variable. However, although this relation may simplify learning, it complicates teaching. Consider two fundamental features of C++: functions and references. Which shall we teach first?
If we teach references first, there is the problem of coming up with interesting example programs that use references but completely avoid user-defined functions. This is hard to do because the most common use of references is as function parameters — so it's probably easier to teach functions first.
However, if we teach functions before we teach references, then every function we write must accept its arguments by value — references not yet being available as an alternative. That is, every function call must copy the function's arguments to its parameters. There is no problem justifying such behavior if those arguments are small values, such as integers; but if our first example of passing a container to a function copies the entire container, we are encouraging students to write code that does needless work.
In Accelerated C++, Barbara and I came up with the idea of having the first such function compute the median of its argument. The most straightforward way to compute the median of a container is to sort the container — which changes its original value — and then to locate the element or elements in the middle. As a result, we were able to finesse the pedagogical problem of passing a container to a function by having that function compute the median, changing the value of its parameter in the process.
The picture changes when we expand the picture to include C++11 move operations. Now, when we write
 T y = x;
the effect is to copy or move x to y depending on whether x is an lvalue. Similarly, when we call f(x), the effect is to copy or move x to f's parameter y depending on whether x is an lvalue. This dependency not only changes how we explain what is going on, but also changes the circumstances under which such functions do needless work.
In the presence of move operations, I think it might be better to explain functions with string parameters before we explain functions with vector parameters. Not only are strings probably more common than vectors, but string rvalues are surely more common than vector rvalues. For example:
 bool is_palindrome(string s) { /* Details left to the reader */ }
Suppose we call is_palindrome("radar"). Then what really happens under the hood is that the string literal "radar" has type const char*, which is different from the type of is_palindrome's parameter. Accordingly, "radar" is used to construct a temporary of type string. That temporary is an rvalue, so it is moved, not copied, to the parameter s of is_palindrome. An analogous phenomenon happens when we pass the result of a nontrivial expression to such a function. As a result, we have a fairly wide range of examples from which to choose without having to write code that does needless work. Moreover, we have plenty of opportunities to return to these examples for more detailed study later.
In short, the question posed in this article's title has at least two answers:
 1. When you know that the function is going to change the value of its parameter; or
 2. When you're confident that most of the time, you'll be passing a container rvalue.
I'll continue this discussion next week by showing why the "needless effort" in some of these functions is worth making a fuss to avoid. In particular, I'd like to explain the apparent contradiction between wanting to avoid needless effort and my long-held belief that computers should be working for people, not the other way around.
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No burning before 4 p.m.
Virginia's 4 p.m. Burning Law went into effect Friday, February 15—the start of spring fire season in Virginia. The law prohibits burning before 4 p.m. each day until April 30 if the fire is in, or within 300 feet of, woodland, brushland or fields containing dry grass or other flammable materials.
This law has been on the books since 1950 and has been credited with saving hundreds of thousands of acres from the damages of wildfires. "The 4 p.m. Law is one of the most effective tools we have in the prevention of wildfires," said John Miller, director of resource protection at the Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF). "By adhering to the law and not burning before 4 p.m., people are less likely to start a fire that threatens them, their property and the forests of Virginia."
Why 4 p.m.? After 4 p.m. the winds calm, the temperature decreases, and the humidity increases—factors that contribute to safer burning conditions.
A violation of the 4 p.m. law is a Class 3 Misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $500, the cost of damages, and the cost of fire suppression efforts.


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Meet nail enamel with a dramatically short drying time!
The 21st IFSCC Congress 2000, Berlin
Congress Award (Poster Award)
Super-Rapid Drying "Dip-in-Water" Nail Enamel
Change in thinking led to innovative nail enamel that dries in just 45 seconds by immersion in water!
Have you experienced the stress of redoing nail enamel on your fingers or toes because you accidentally hit or touched something while it was drying? Women have various demands for nail enamels, including long-lasting, lustrous finish, color and the look on nails—but quick to dry beats them all. This award-winning technology incorporates a novel idea for quick drying. The change in thinking resulted in a major contribution to this technology. Generally, nail enamels are made of a coating material to solidify, solvent to dissolve the coating material, and a colorant for color as main components. When applied on the nail, the solvent vaporizes and causes the coating material to form a membrane and solidify, which we call "drying".
However, this award-wining technology changed the perspective from evaporating the solvent to its quick removal. We developed a method of removing the solvent by immersing it in water and allowing the solvent to dissolve instantly. This technology shortened the drying time to 45 seconds.
What's the technology?
It took a year to generate the idea. Further difficulties at the development stage! Discovery of instantly drying substances with a shift from vaporizing to removing with water!
The key point in this award-winning technique was to remove the solvent with water. Therefore, the first difficulty was in discovering solvents to dissolve the water-insoluble coating material. There were no compatible substances previously used in cosmetics; we spent a year discovering the appropriate substances from ingredients in every area possible. And, there were further difficulties. The solvents we managed to discover were soluble in water, but the coating material had poor stability after the instant removal of solvent compared to its gradual vaporization, resulting in whitening and exfoliation. This was the start of many days of investigation. In addition to safety, consideration was required for the environment as the product is immersed in water. Furthermore, since it becomes unusable in places without water, we needed a product that would vaporize and dry over the same time as traditional nail enamels.
As a result of resolving these problems, we finally developed nail enamel that dries when immersed in water. This technology was applied to Shiseido S Aqua Dry Nail in November 2000 and has been used in many products such as Kesho Wakusei. In addition, the findings on coating and solvents cultivated in this research have been used in the development of other products including lipstick and mascara.