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International Development Training Opens New Horizons to Company
Even those companies working in the local market, in one way or another, can contact people from the other countries, for example, suppliers of components. We live in a globalized world, and the ability to effectively interact with foreign partners becomes, in fact, an indispensable skill that personnel must have, so international development training becomes simply necessary for everyone. Given the significant cultural, economic, legal and other differences, the lack of experience in cooperation at the international level can become a serious barrier to further career development.
In such courses, specialists from different fields are trained in various aspects of interaction with partners from other countries – both political, economic and social moments, understanding of which will enable the mutually beneficial dialogue and cooperation. Besides, such courses are also aimed at developing communication skills. There are several key aspects of international development training:
- specialists get additional useful cooperation skills, which can be applied in the company and make its work more effective;
- the courses are developed for both trained people with certain experience and beginners, so you can teach some of your specialists to make them professional in these matters;
- the material on the courses is given in a condensed form, and the entire learning process does not take long – you will feel the effect in the shortest possible time.
International development training courses
Numerous international development training courses, which have appeared relatively recently, are developed to eliminate this problem and make real experts in international cooperation from your staff.
For example, your company intends to enter a new market, say the GCC market, and the first task for you is to train your marketers, sales managers, lawyers and specialists in servicing and technical support of customers to the peculiarities of this market:
- Marketers. For the effective promotion of goods and services on the market, it is necessary to understand its characteristics and the specifics of the local mentality.
- Sales managers. Sales managers should, first of all, know the language of the region, as well as the peculiarities of the local culture for better customer service.
- Lawyers. Lawyers have to know the local legislation regarding taxation, turnover, consumer rights, etc.
- Customer service specialists. Since customers will need customer support service, specialists working in this service as well as sales managers.
Example of international development short courses at the Atton Institute
Typically courses in the "International Business" direction will give students deep knowledge in the field of organizational, economic, ethical and legal issues of doing business, for example, in the GCC region mentioned above. For example, such courses are offered by the Atton Institute in Dubai.
In these practical classes, students receive operational and strategic management skills in the field of foreign economic activity, learn to evaluate foreign economic operations, international projects, master the methods of studying international markets, study international marketing and learn how to use its tools. Training covers several basic areas of business management:
- Analysis and assessment of the external environment of the business and the internal environment of the organization.
- Decision-making and communication processes in business (models and methods).
- Management functions (strategic planning, enterprise building, motivation and control, coordination.
- Management issues.
- Efficiency of the enterprise (Management of production, marketing, personnel, productivity management in general).


BIG pressures felt by European Commission senior staff members - revealed during keynote on leadership integrity. Watch results of anonymous e-polling during keynote - VIDEO
What is ethical leadership? Leadership ethics and integrity in public life.
We did anonymous electronic polling during this presentation which pointed to significant pressures within the senior levels of the European Commission staff to act in unethical ways on major as well as minor decisions, and that it is difficult for senior managers to know what to do, who to tell in such situations. How to win through when under ethical pressure: power of example.
Watch for yourself: very significant numbers of those present reported that they were under huge pressures, and had given in to them, doing things which would be front page banner headlines, huge news stories if revealed.
How do we encourage leadership integrity and fight corruption in leaders? At this session and afterwards, many participants confessed that they had been under significant pressure by bosses to do major things that they thought were unethical. Keynote conference speaker Patrick Dixon -- lecture at European Commission. Why leadership has to be based on trust, not just position, appealing to heart as well as to mind. Importance of the European Commission and trans-national regulation.
Astonishing question from a member of the audience at the European Commission: "In your experience have you EVER come across an organisation that you think is ethical" (!) Personal story of standing up to being bullied at work to do unethical things, and standing ground.
Trust crisis in banking and financial services as well as in politicians, governments and the European Union. How to restore trust and public confidence in political process, parties, elections and democracy itself. How trust can be lost instantly in media, web, Twitter, Facebook,, LinkedIn and other social media -- eg dioxin food contamination scandal -- Belgium and impact on Italy, and failure of agricultural ministers to win media debate. Leadership must connect with passion: things we feel strongly about, that really matter, that make a big difference. Eg debate on ethics of food-linked biofuels and burning food in vehicles, impact on global food prices, food riots, international security, connecting oil, food and land prices.
Researching my book The Truth about Westminster and UK political system, and how political system can compromise integrity. Tension between civil servants and government ministers -- secret confessions. Lack of integrity, dishonesty of many political campaigns with rare reversals of legislation after winning power: truth that in many EU nations most politicians agree on most things. Death of left wing and right wing divides and rise of single issue campaigns / pressure groups / activists. Compliance with EU regulation only part of story -- cannot protect corporation brand or media image against media attack if regulations seen to be in need of updating. Example: bribes were totally legal in some EU nations until recently -- tax deductible expenses. Now bribery is outlawed, no defence to say that bribes paid in the past were ethical because legal and compliant with auditing regulations at the time. So Ethical Leadership must go far beyond current laws to what we believe is morally right, not hiding behind what is permitted. Core ethic: building a better world. Basis of every effective leadership speech and leadership stye. Hitler, Stalin, Roosevelt, JF Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Winston Churchill - the ultimate leadership speech. Even evil leaders appeal to "better world" ethics in their rhetoric with an audience. Trust means demonstrating that we are willing to put what is right ahead of self-interest.
Dangers in European Commission due to size, power, golden handcuffs and difficulty in moving to careers outside commission. Organisations that people cannot easily leave are usually corrupt -- history shows -- because power is harder to defy, fear, intimidation. Why true leadership never comes from position alone: elections for President of the World? Nelson Mandela usually nominated first. He has no office or official status yet is universally respected as a moral authority.
People who cannot be owned, bought or controlled, who are driven by high moral principles are usually greatly respected, even feared. Example negotiating better work-life balance with reluctant workaholic boss. Breaking free from economic slavery. Need to be prepared to leave an organisation to be a free spirit, otherwise constant risk of compromise. Developing an exit strategy as part of retaining own freedom to act against lack of integrity.
Power of the 80:20 rule. Winning respect, gaining influence and creating space for others to do the right thing.
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Frederick William, 1771–1815, duke of Brunswick, German military hero. On the death (1806) of his father, Charles William Ferdinand, his duchy was seized by Napoleon I and added to the kingdom of Westphalia. He attempted to liberate his duchy from French control in 1809, when Austria reopened war against France. Frederick William formed a free corps, the "Black Brunswickers," and in a dashing foray advanced through Germany and captured Brunswick. He soon was driven out but succeeded in fleeing with his troops to England. Returning in 1813, he took possession of Brunswick but was killed at Quatre Bras in the Waterloo campaign.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Frederick William duke of Brunswick from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: German History: Biographies

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: "Busy Bee Readers" have been specially written for young learners of English as a second language. They are graded structurally and lexically, and support the language learned in Busy Bee or any other Primary English course. "Busy Bee Readers" seek to improve pupils' understanding and enjoyment of English by presenting them with exciting, interesting and amusing stories to enjoy in the classroom or at home. Each book contains carefully graded comprehension questions to enable teachers to check understanding. The reader should use and practise the language taught in the accompanying course for Egyptian primary schools.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Early American Fiction: _PHONE_ (Chadwyck-Healey)
- Coverage Dates: _PHONE_
- Update Frequency: Not Available
- Audience: Researcher
Early American Fiction _PHONE_ contains the full text of more than 500 first editions of novels and short stories by nearly 100 American authors.
Among the authors included in the database are James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Harriet Jacobs, and Mark Twain, as well as authors who were popular at the time but whose works are long out of print.Contents are based on Wright's American Fiction _PHONE_ and the Bibliography of American Literature and offer both facsimile page images and keyword-searchable full text. Works from _PHONE_ are still being added. The Web resource Wright American Fiction _PHONE_ at Indiana University complements Early American Fiction with additional texts from the Wright bibliography.
Express Link (bookmark): _URL_


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Supported File Formats: The Flexible Image Transport System and the World Coordinate System
Montage supports two-dimensional images that adhere to the definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) standard (Calabretta and Greisen 2002). FITS is the format adopted by the astronomical community for data interchange and archival storage.
Briefly, FITS is a data format designed to provide a platform-independent means for exchange of astronomical data. A FITS data file is composed of a fixed logical record length of 2880 bytes. The file can contain an unlimited number of header records, 80 bytes long, having a 'keyword=value' format. These headers describe the organization of the binary data and the format of the contents. The headers are followed by the data themselves, represented as binary records.
The relationship between the pixel coordinates in the image and physical units is defined by the World Coordinate System (WCS) (Calabretta and Greisen 2002). Included in the WCS is a definition of how celestial coordinates and projections are represented in the FITS format as keyword=value pairs in the file headers. Montage analyzes these pairs of values to discover the footprints of the images on the sky and calculates the footprint of the image mosaic that encloses the input footprints. Montage supports all projections supported by WCS, and all common astronomical coordinate systems. The output mosaic is FITS-compliant, with the specification of the image parameters written as keywords in the FITS header. The toolkit also contains a utility, mJPEG, that will convert the FITS image to a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format image.


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30 July 2013
Manchurian Candidate: The Secret Government Project to Control Global Politics
Manchurian Candidate Definition
The term Manchurian Candidate derives from a 1959 novel by Richard Condon titled "The Manchurian Candidate." Condon portrays a platoon of American soldiers during the Korean War who are sent to Manchuria (Northeast China), where they captured, brainwashed, and given alter personalities programmed to assassinate key individuals and overthrow the US government. As a result, the term Manchurian Candidate now signifies a person who has had their personality split into "alters" which commit murder or other acts without conscious knowledge of what they've done.
The CIA has declassified over 18,000 pages of documents on extensive mind control programs carried out since the early 1950s. These documents prove that the government developed a Manchurian Candidate program which was quite real. Through the Freedom of Information Act, you can order these documents in the form of three CDs directly from the US government for only $30. You can also find extensive quotes on the creation of Manchurian Candidates from the most revealing of these documents with links for verification at this link.
Excerpts Proving Creation of Manchurian Candidates
Below is a sample of just two of these declassified documents and one scientific article depicting the Manchurian Candidate program. These excerpts are taken from the excellent mind control summary at this link. These documents and quotes show that the riveting book and film Manchurian Candidate are more fact than fiction. First, a declassified CIA document dated Jan. 7, 1953 describes the experimental creation of alter personalities in two 19-year-old girls:
To see an online copy of the declassified CIA document with the quote above, click here. A second document dated Feb. 10, 1954 describes an experiment on creating unsuspecting assassins:
"Miss [deleted] was instructed (having previously expressed a fear of firearms) that she would use every method at her disposal to awaken miss [deleted] (now in a deep hypnotic sleep). Failing this, she would pick up a pistol and fire it at Miss [deleted]. She was instructed that her rage would be so great that she would not hesitate to 'kill' [deleted]. Miss [deleted] carried out these suggestions including firing the (unloaded) gun at [deleted], and then proceeded to fall into a deep sleep. After proper suggestions were made, both were awakened. Miss [deleted] expressed absolute denial that the foregoing sequence had happened." (CIA Mori ID 190691)
To see an online copy of this second declassified CIA document with the quote above, click here. In a 1971 Science Digest article, Dr. G.H. Estabrooks states:
"By the 1920's clinical hypnotists learned to split certain individuals into multiple personalities like Jeckyl-Hydes. During WWII, I worked this technique with a Marine lieutenant I'll call Jones. I split his personality into Jones A and Jones B. Jones A, once a 'normal' working Marine, became entirely different. He talked communist doctrine and meant it. He was welcomed enthusiastically by communist cells, and was deliberately given a dishonorable discharge. Jones B was the deeper personality, knew all the thoughts of Jones A, and was 'imprinted' to say nothing during conscious phases. All I had to do was hypnotize him, get in touch with Jones B, and I had a pipeline straight into the Communist camp." (Science Digest, April 1971, pp. 44-50)
To read the full article, click here. These are just three of the many disturbing experiments which reveal severe abuse of power on unsuspecting citizens for over 50 years now. To read excerpts from many other declassified documents proving the development of a sophisticated Manchurian Candidate program, click here.
The 18,000 pages of released documents released are only the tip of the iceberg. The CIA still refuses to release many thousands of pages. And millions of pages of secret documents on the program were destroyed by order of CIA Director Richard Helms in 1973 when he was tipped off that there was going to be a Congressional investigation into the CIA's mind control activities.
More Valuable Information on Manchurian Candidates
For more on these and other eye-opening facts, see the two-page mind control summary at this link. Or go straight to the 10-page summary filled with verifiable information at this link. Both have dozens of footnotes listing reliable sources for verification, including links to the original declassified government documents. For an excellent documentary on Manchurian Candidates, mind control, and more by the History Channel, click here.
To understand why these facts aren't getting extensive media coverage, and for ideas on what we can do about it, go to If these facts were reported in headline news where they belong, caring citizens would be astounded and demand to know more. This has not happened, which is why we feel compelled to provide them here.
The entire website is designed both to provide a concise, reliable introduction to incredibly important information that is being hidden from us, and to inspire us to work together for a better world. You can help to build a brighter future by educating yourself on these vital issues, and by forwarding this message to your friends and colleagues and asking them to do the same.
As we spread this news across the land, public pressure will eventually force the media to cover these critical topics. Then we will begin to see many positive changes to prevent these kinds of abuses from ever happening again. Thank you for caring. Together we can and will build a better world for ourselves and our children.
This message is available online at
28 July 2013
We are still living under the spell of British colonialism, the great damage inflicted by this form of colonialism has not reached its end yet, people suffer all over the world and this great instability in some areas we forgot almost what it is due to, as if it were some kind of inevitable destiny that we had to endure, look a little deeper under the skin of things and you will find Great Britain standing behind many of the actual miseries of the world, it is enough that it is behind the creation of Israel and the creation of USA and the partition of India, all these great master pieces are Great Britain's creations, the unsolvable problem of Palestine where daily dozens of people either are killed or arrested or abused or exiled or besieged or God knows what, humiliation, death and torture and torture and death and humiliation and incarceration, this is the Israeli symphony that is to be performed everyday by the off spring of United Kingdom.
Look at Gaza, look what they did to Gaza and what they are doing and how the population, or what was left from it after the assault, has become homeless, exposed and threatened, and what about the partition of India, of mother India? Here the devil had whispered in the ear of the English king and the English viceroy to spread the most hateful thing as the best way to cure India from its longing to independence and freedom and this thing is religious conflict between the two monotheistic religions: Hinduism and Islam, between Ishvara and Allah, between the Veda and the Koran.
Millions of victims paid their life and were exiled and displaced and killed because Great Britain did not want to grant India its independence except at the great expense of its integrity and unity, and wanted also this blood bath to continue in both countries, this conflict between the two religions nurtured and maintained by political ambitions on both sides has ended up in strong feelings of hatred that Hindus and Muslims harbor for each other, and do you know who is this person the Hindu or the Pakistani hates? This person is not some alien coming from another planet, no, this person is the neighbor and the friend and the brother and the relative and the mate, he is one's own self.
Not only Great Britain has caused this ailment but the world order is catering to it and Israel has entered the conflict seeking the favors of India against Pakistan, this is how this unjustified hatred has been exploited unfortunately by the state of Israel where Israel (God forbids) identified itself with India having to deal with a Muslim foe that is Palestine. By their clumsy policy of associating with Pakistan, the Arabs had lost India to their enemies and have not gained Pakistan who had instead chose to be affiliated to KSA. Thus Israel exploited the situation to its advantage causing more harm to India and to the bond that always joined India to Palestine.
God forbids! India is the land of mercy and forgiveness, the mother of all, God forbids that it will ever cater to something as evil as the Zionist state, and how is it that Muslims are threatening Israel when Israelbacked by the wicked British crownusurped the land of the Palestinians after slaughtering them? The place of merciful India is beside the victimized Palestinians, and all these wrong notions that Israel is spreading around by picturing the Palestinians as terrorist Muslims should be straightened out and India should recover her role of mother to all, all people and all religions are sworn enemy to all injustices. Down with partition, long live United India, long live mother earth of two hearts Palestine and India.
26 July 2013
David Headley, an agent of the American government, planned the Mumbai attacks of 2008, and other such terror attacks.
 Headley seems to have worked closely with elements of both the Indian and Pakistani security services.
 Headley has been linked to the 2007 attack on the Samjhauta Express train in India.
 Mumbai area anti-terror police chief Hemant K


text: People came from everywhere, and despite the gray sky and the rain, which served as a backdrop, the parade marched on. The streets were filled and embellished with colorful traditional costumes. The traditional gold costumes illuminated the way. They revived old traditional tunes accompanied by drums, accordions, and joyous marching bands. As the Thousand Pollera Parade proceeded through the city of Las Tablas, more women dressed in traditional pollera costumes, came out of doorways and from balconies, and joined this majestic parade. There were so many polleras, and it is believed that there were approximately 10,000 in all. The polleras —montunas, ocueñas, and gala— shined during the sunset. They were welcomed with admiration by hundreds of journalist cameras. The polleras danced for the sole recompense of rescuing the Panamanian folkloric tradition, which revived with the rain that an admiring sky poured on them.


leanify_r6 moves the content of an R6::R6Class's functions to an environment, usually the package's namespace, to save space during serialization of R6 objects. leanify_package move all methods of all R6 Classes to an environment.
The function in the class (i.e. the object generator) is replaced by a stump function that does nothing except calling the original function that now resides somewhere else.
It is possible to call this function after the definition of an R6::R6 class inside a package, but it is preferred to use leanify_package() to just leanify all R6::R6 classes inside a package.
leanify_r6(cls, env = cls$parent_env)
leanify_package(pkg_env = parent.frame(), skip_if = function(x) FALSE)
Class generator to modify.
The target environment where the function should be stored. This should be either cls$parent_env (default) or one of its parent environments, otherwise the stump function will not find the moved (original code) function.
:: environment
The namespace from which to leanify all R6 classes. Does not have to be a package namespace, but this is the intended usecase.
:: function
Function with one argument: Is called for each individual R6::R6Class. If it returns TRUE, the class is skipped. Default function evaluating to FALSE always (i.e. skipping no classes).


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The main Tripos examinations
The Part I and Part II examinations are in late May and early June. Each examination paper has equal weighting in the assessment. Each paper is of three hours' duration. For each Part I option and Part II Specified Subject, candidates take one paper and answer three questions. Part II Special Subjects are examined by means of a Long Essay and a three-hour examination on 'gobbets' taken from the set sources. For the Historical Argument and Practice examination, candidates sit one paper and answer only one question.
The compulsory Themes and Sources Long Essay constitutes an examination paper, submitted in the January before Part I. Optional Part II Dissertations are submitted at the beginning of the Easter Term. The compulsory Part II Special Subject Long Essay is submitted at the beginning of the Easter Term. Candidates are therefore examined in both parts of the Tripos partly on work done outside the examination room.
- How to revise for Part I (link to CARET skills website - Cambridge University only)
- Past examination papers (Cambridge University only)
- The Faculty's policy on the retention of examinations data (Cambridge University only)
Tripos Examination Timetables 2015 (available April 2015):
Part I (start date 26 May)
Prelim to Part II (start date 29 May)
Part II (start date 29 May)
Prelim to Part I
The Prelim to Part I examination is taken at the beginning of the Easter term of the first year.
This is not classed, and does not count towards Part I. It is intended to provide candidates with informal guidance about their progress to date. To appear on the list of successful candidates, students must pass an examination in three papers: the first two of the Part I outline papers that they have studied, together with Historical Argument and Practice (HAP).
The scope of Papers 2–18 is that of the corresponding papers in of the Tripos. The scope of Paper 19 is that of Papers 21 and 23 in Part I.
Paper 1. Historical Argument and Practice
Paper 2. British political history, _PHONE_
Paper 3. British political history, _PHONE_
Paper 4. British political history, _PHONE_
Paper 5. British political history, _PHONE_
Paper 6. British political history, since 1880
Paper 7. British economic and social history, _PHONE_
Paper 8. British economic and social history, 1050-c.1500
Paper 9. British economic and social history, c._PHONE_
Paper 10. British economic and social history, _PHONE_
Paper 11. British economic and social history, since c.1880
Paper 12. European history, 776 BC-AD 69
Paper 13. European history, 31 BC-AD 900
Paper 14. European history, 900-c.1215
Paper 15. European history, _PHONE_
Paper 16. European history, _PHONE_
Paper 17. European history, _PHONE_
Paper 18. European history, since 1890
Paper 19. World history, from 1400 (N.B. This paper consists of questions arising from papers 21 and 23 of Part I)
Prelim to Part I Timetable (start date 21 April)
Prelim to Part II
The Prelim to Part II examination is taken by students who need to take Part II over two years (usually those transferring from another Tripos). They will offer seven papers in total, as follows:
- Year One (Prelim to Part II): Paper 1 (HAP) and two papers from Sections C-D;
- Year Two (Part II): They are re-examined in Paper 1 and the two papers offered at Prelim; plus a Special Subject (Papers 2 & 3) and either two more papers from Sections C-D, or a dissertation and one more.
The three papers examined at the end of the first year (Prelim to Part II) are for practice only; no marks are carried over into the Part II classification.


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Usually if you have this problem, it does not just effect your eating habits. In your desire to please people and avoid conflict, people pleasers act out of fear. Frequently saying yes to favors and extra responsibilities when you really want to say no, can negatively impact your mental and physical well being. In order to stop eating extra food that others press upon you, you must first understand your need to please.
It is normal to value yourself.
Being selfish is different than caring for your own emotional and physical needs. Investing in your health ensure that you will have a longer life to care for your loved ones. Taking care of yourself shows that you value yourself. The people who truly love you will still love you when you say no occasionally. You need to give yourself permission to say no, especially when it comes to eating more than normal at the urging of someone else. You do not need to do things that make you feel resentful, selfish, or guilty.
Give yourself thinking time.
In order to stop an automatic yes response, it is crucial to give yourself some thinking time. Just say, 'Let me think about it,' 'Let me talk to my husband/wife first,' 'Let me check my calendar first,' or 'Let the food in my stomach settle first,' or 'Let me take the leftover home.' If pressed further, just keep repeating the line firmly until the person asking the favor or the extra responsibility understand that you are not going to commit until you have some time to think it over.
Practice until you can say no without stammering or embarrassment.
Most people pleasers are unused to disappointing people. 'No' is a complete sentence. Do not feel as if you need to elaborate. The more you elaborate, the more people feel like they need to convince you to change your mind. The more you say no to extra responsibilities, the more time you have available for the people or things that you truly care about. Some people will make you feel guilty in order to get rid of the responsibility, but that is their problem, not yours.
Learn to delegate.
Most people pleasers are already overloaded with existing responsibilities. If you take on a new responsibility, delegate an existing responsibility to lighten your load. Be specific when asking for help. Family and friends might want to help, but they are not mind readers.
Your value of yourself should not be based upon the approval of others. People pleasing is something that you can unlearn, just like eating when you are not hungry is an unhealthy habit that you can unlearn. It just might take both of us more time than we want.
Until next time and thanks for stopping by.
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pps-gpio-poll is a Linux kernel module which provides a /dev/pps* device using a GPIO pin as the PPS source. With an NTP daemon like chrony or ntpd it can be used to accurately synchronize the system clock with a reference time source.
Unlike the pps-gpio module (which is included in the Linux tree) it doesn't use interrupts. It uses a high-resolution timer and waits for the GPIO value to change in a busy loop instead. This means the PPS samples are more accurate and have less jitter, but more CPU time is consumed. Another difference is that the number of the GPIO pin is a parameter of the kernel module instead of relying on Device Tree.
This is a continuation of the openwrt-stratum1 project by Gabs Ricalde.


The next generation of transportation is autonomous. NVIDIA is leading the way, driven by a mission to develop self-driving technology that enables safer, less congested roads and mobility for all. Find out more about our vision, innovations and processes with our NHTSA-based NVIDIA Self-Driving Car Safety Report submitted to the National Highway Traffic Safety Adminstration (NHTSA).
The Four Pillars of Safe Autonomous Driving
Safe autonomous driving is built on four fundamental pillars. With high-performance compute at their core, these tenets illustrate NVIDIA's dedication to safety and ensure a robust self-driving technology development cycle.
Pillar 1: An Artificial Intelligence Design and Implementation Platform
A safe AI driver needs a compute platform that spans the entire range of autonomous driving—from assisted highway driving to robotaxis. This platform needs to combine deep learning, sensor fusion and surround vision to enable the car to make split-second decisions based on massive amounts of data.
To safely operate, self-driving vehicles require supercomputers powerful enough to process all the sensor data in real time. Our underlying hardware solutions include:
For self-driving cars, processing performance translates to safety. The more compute, the more sophisticated the algorithm, the more layers in a deep neural network (DNN), and the greater number of simultaneous DNNs that can be run simultaneously. You can find an overview of our autonomous driving safety software policy here:
 - Planning a Safer Path: Mathematically Proven and Validated in Simulation, NVIDIA Safety Force Field Protects Against Real-World Traffic
Pillar 2: Development Infrastructure That Supports Deep Learning
In addition to in-vehicle supercomputing hardware, NVIDIA solutions power the data centers used to solve critical challenges faced in the development of safe AVs. A single test vehicle can generate petabytes of data each year. Capturing, managing and processing this massive amount of data for not just one car, but a fleet requires an entirely new computing architecture and infrastructure.
Pillar 3: Data Center Solution for Robust Simulation and Testing
The ability to test in a realistic simulation environment is essential to providing safe self-driving vehicles. By coupling actual road miles with simulated miles in a high-performance data center solution, manufacturers can comprehensively test and validate their technology.
Pillar 4: Best-in-Class, Pervasive Safety Program
Self-driving technology development must follow a pervasive safety methodology that emphasizes diversity and redundancy in the design, validation, verification, and lifetime support of the entire autonomous system. These programs should follow recommendations from federal and international agencies such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, International Organization for Standardization, and the global New Car Assessment Program.
NVIDIA DRIVE® OS, is the first functional safety (FuSa) operating system designed specifically for accelerated computing and artificial intelligence. This foundational software stack for autonomous vehicles consists of an embedded real-time operating system (RTOS), NVIDIA hypervisor, NVIDIA® CUDA® libraries, NVIDIA TensorRT™ and other modules that provide access to the hardware engines.
DRIVE OS offers a safe and secure execution environment with services such as secure boot, security, firewall and over-the-air (OTA) updates. Quality of service is achieved with the embedded RTOS and NVIDIA hypervisor.
DRIVE OS meets the requirements of a robust operating system for autonomous vehicle software, including:
 - Safety: Automotive industry safety standards, such as ASPICE and ISO 26262
 - Security: Comprehensive security model
 - Performance: High-performance compute acceleration engines (CUDA, TensorRT, NvMedia, NvStreams)
 - Scalability: Scaling from advanced driver assistance to full self driving
 - Production: A broad ecosystem of industry partners and experience
Safety-certified Compute APIs, including CUDA, TensorRT and NvMedia with high-speed transport (NvStreams) enable deep neural networks (DNNs) running on the vehicle to process sensor inputs at high speeds. By running these DNNs simultaneously, vehicles can process data from a variety of sensors in real-time for Level 4 and Level 5 autonomous driving capabilities.
Three-layer safety supervision (3LSS) is a safety framework that monitors overall system integrity from the Tegra SoC to the safety MCU, providing a scalable, safety-assured channel for handling error conditions and making system-level decisions.
QNX is safety-certified and proven in the automotive industry. It's an ISO 26262 ASIL D-certified RTOS that shares a common heritage with Linux, providing an easy development path for most companies.
NVIDIA's virtualization technology is the automotive industry's most advanced, enabling strict resource isolation, protecting hardware and memory, as well as quality of service, ensuring the integrity of data as it's processed through the system, all with near-native performance and very low overhead.


text:
Timer Relay Wiring Diagram
It reveals the parts of the circuit as streamlined shapes and the power as well as signal links between the devices.
Timer relay wiring diagram. It reveals the elements of the circuit as simplified shapes as well as the power and also signal links between the gadgets. At the end of the time delay t the output is energized. To prevent 555 timer from flyback current in the relay use a diode before the relay. 12v time delay relay adjustable on off timerusing 555 astable mode in this circuit a timer with cyclic on off operations is designed.
Voltage the time relay t upon application of input begins. A wiring diagram is a streamlined conventional photographic depiction of an electric circuit. The timer function 1 is on delay it allows to supply power after a period of time t. Variety of delay on break timer wiring diagram.
On delay timer circuit diagram wiring diagram contactor with push button circuit diagram of delay timer on off power off delay timer circuit diagram 2 way lighting circuit triggering transformer push button fan switch light activated switch circuit diagram wd081 text. Assortment of time delay relay wiring diagram. Input voltage must be removed to reset the time delay relay de energize the output. A wiring diagram generally provides details about the relative position as well as plan of devices and also terminals on the devices in order to help in structure or servicing the gadget.
A wiring diagram usually offers info concerning the loved one placement and also plan of tools as well as terminals on the devices in order to help in structure or servicing the tool. Some 555 versions may get damaged because of this. Assortment of delay on break timer wiring diagram. A wiring diagram is a simplified traditional pictorial depiction of an electric circuit.
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Camera (Aero.Camera)
Construct camera object for use with animation object
h = Aero.Camera
h = Aero.Camera constructs a camera object h for use with an animation object. The camera object uses the registered coordinate transform. By default, this is an aerospace body coordinate system. Axes of custom coordinate systems must be orthogonal.
The animation object has the following properties:
By default, an Aero.Body object natively uses aerospace body coordinates for the body geometry and the time series data. Convert time series data from other coordinate systems on the fly by registering a different CoordTransformFcn function.
See Aero.Camera for further details.
See Also
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English Riviera Geopark English Riviera Geopark
The English Riviera Geopark – the worlds first urban Geopark
In September 2007 Torbay received international recognition for it rich geological and cultural heritage, it became one of just 57 areas around the world to be endorsed by UNESCO and welcomed into the network of Global Geoparks. Geoparks aims to protect geo-diversity and to promote geological, historical and cultural heritage to the general public as well as to support sustainable economic development. The status pulls together all of our wonderful heritage and celebrates it on an international stage.
Torbay's past is hidden within its beautiful landscape and coastline. The Bay's striking limestone headlands were formed around 400 million years ago when the whole area would have been under warm tropical seas where corals thrived and trilobites scuttled across the sea floor, a time when Torbay was in fact south of the equator! Explore the end of Hopes Nose and you'll find fossils of the corals that lived all those years ago. Over the next 100 million years these rocks were folded and fractured, under enormous pressures, as they were crumpled and pushed northwards by plate tectonic process. By 280 million years ago Torbay was at approximately the same latitude as the Sahara desert today, this is when the rocks now exposed around the inner areas of the Bay were formed. Look closely at the red sandstones around Roundham head and the patterns you see are evidence of ancient sand dunes, whilst the jumble of rocks and stones at the eastern end of Goodrington beach are evidence of flash floods that followed dramatic storms in distant mountains.
From a cultural perspective Torbay provides an amazing example of how geology influences both the history and development of an area; from the Bay's earliest residents at Kents Cavern, through to the development of Torre Abbey and Cockington. Plus of course its use as a safe anchorage during the Napoleonic Wars and the construction of the forts at Berry Head to Agatha Christie, the most published author of all time.
If you are local, then you're probably thinking "shame we're no longer enjoying that tropical sunshine" but on your way to work or school look at the environment around you with fresh eyes and when you have a chance explore, this rich heritage forms part of who you are. You are the Geopark and the Geopark is you. Enjoy!
If you are not local then welcome to the worlds first urban Geopark!
To discover the amazing stories for yourself visit the English Riviera Geopark website, follow the English Riviera Geopark Trail or take a Geopark Cruise out into the Bay and discover how 400 million years of our dynamic planets history can be unravelled right here, stories of tropical seas and scorching deserts, raised beaches and drowned forests, hippopotami and sabre-toothed tiger, cave bear and earliest man.
For more information about the English Riviera Geopark or the European and Global Geopark Networks visit _URL_
Please remember the geology of Torbay is special so take only memories, all sites are protected by law.
View my website _URL_
The report of the two UNESCO evaluators that visited the Geopark back in June recently went before the European Geoparks Network Coordination Committe...
The stunning natural heritage of Torquay, Paignton and Brixham has taken a starring role in a short film about the English Riviera Geopark. The 'We Lo...
A 10 year old schoolgirl is to star in a new film beaming the delights of Torbay's natural beauty around the world. Torbay's got Talent finalist Mill...
The third annual English Riviera Geopark Festival is shaping up with more than two dozen events already on the calendar. The festival is staged to ce...
The power of the internet is to be harnessed to help promote Torbay's natural attractions. A new film is being produced which highlights the delights...
This years festival takes place from the 25th May to the 2nd June 2013 There are loads of events - something for all the family! How about.........


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The other kind of potty training? A recent study claims that foul-mouthed adults are to blame for an increased number of children using curse words at earlier ages – some at 2-years old.
Information presented at this year's Sociolinguistics Symposium in the U.K by researcher Timothy Jay revealed a disturbing correlation: A rise of vulgarity among adults has lead children to curse at earlier ages than ever before. "By the time kids go to school now, they're saying all the words that we try to protect them from on television," Jay told the Montreal Gazette. "We find their swearing really takes off between (ages) three and four."
(More on Time.com: Top 10 Things Today's Kids Will Never Experience)
Three and four? According to research recorded over the past 30 thirty years, more kids are using vulgar language, and at younger ages. Though Jay says today's words of choice are no worse than traditionally popularized profanity, his research did show children as young as two using profanity – including the f-word. Jay says the blame goes to adults, who have upped their swear count as well. Jay told the Montreal Gazette his research indicates that two-thirds of adults with no-swear policies for kids, break their own rules. "As soon as kids can speak, they're using swear words," Jay told the Montreal Gazette. "That doesn't mean they know what adults know, but they do repeat the words they hear."


Earl of Nithsdale
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 (Redirected from Robert Maxwell, 2nd Lord Maxwell)
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Coat of arms of the Maxwell of Carruchan,[1] the last chief of Clan Maxwell: William Maxwell of Carruchan, who died 1863.[2] Also (according to Nisbet) the arms of the Earl of Nithsdale[3]
Earl of Nithsdale was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1620 for Robert Maxwell, 9th Lord Maxwell, with remainder to heirs male. He was made Lord Maxwell, Eskdale and Carlyle at the same time. The title of Lord Maxwell had been created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1445 for Herbert Maxwell.
Some confusion in the numbering of the Lords Maxwell has arisen from the second Lord's surrender of his barony during his lifetime in favour of his son, who then pre-deceased him. Some authorities refer to the son only as "the Master of Maxwell", but he is more usually counted as the third Lord Maxwell.[4] The fourth Lord Maxwell was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. The 8th Lord Maxwell was beheaded in Edinburgh in 1613 for a revenge killing.
On the second Earl of Nithdale's death in 1667 the titles were inherited by John Maxwell, 7th Lord Herries of Terregles, who became the third Earl. He was the great-grandson of Sir John Maxwell, second son of Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell. His grandson, the fifth Earl, was involved in the Jacobite Rising of 1715 and attainted with his titles forfeited. However, Lord Nithsdale made a celebrated escape from the Tower of London by changing clothes with his wife the day before his execution. The Lordship of Herries of Terregles, was later restored to his descendants and remains extant.
Lords Maxwell (1445)[edit]
Earls of Nithsdale (1620)[edit]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ heraldry-online
 2. ^ maxwellsociety.com
 3. ^ scots peerage
 4. ^ Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage, volume VI (David Douglas, Edinburgh, 1909), at pages 477-479


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After reading this chapter, you should understand the following:
- The liability of an agent who signs commercial paper
- What contract liability is imposed when a person signs commercial paper
- What warranty liability is imposed upon a transferor
- What happens if there is payment or acceptance by mistake
- How parties are discharged from liability on commercial paper
In Chapter 22 "Nature and Form of Commercial Paper", Chapter 23 "Negotiation of Commercial Paper", and Chapter 24 "Holder in Due Course and Defenses", we focused on the methods and consequences of negotiating commercial paper when all the proper steps are followed. For example, a maker gives a negotiable note to a payee, who properly negotiates the paper to a third-party holder in due course. As a result, this third party is entitled to collect from the maker, unless the latter has a real defense.
In this chapter, we begin by examining a question especially important to management: personal liability for signing company notes and checks. Then we look at the two general types of liability—contract and warranty—introduced in Chapter 23 "Negotiation of Commercial Paper". We conclude the chapter by reviewing the ways in which parties are discharged from liability.


+39 _PHONE_ _EMAIL_
Exhausted magnets recoveryHydrometallurgical processLiquid-solid dischargeNeodymium
The present invention concerns a hydrometallurgical process whose main purpose is the recovery of the materials that make up the exhausted permanent magnets; in particular the elements belonging to the group of rare earths such as Neodymium and Praseodymium and metals such as, among others, Iron and Nickel from Neodymium magnets.
Technical features
As the technique progresses, many commercial products, such as Hard Disk drives and audio products (microphones, loudspeakers, etc.), which contain magnets are replaced by new generations of products, posing a problem of disposing of Magnetic components. To date, the exhausted permanent magnets are mostly destined for landfill disposal. However, the need to reduce environmental contamination and conserve primary resources, has given rise to various mechanical, pyro and hydrometallurgical recovery technologies. As demonstrated by scientific literature, hydrometallurgical procedures are preferable to pyrometallurgical ones. The main disadvantage of hydrometallurgical processes, however, is the production of large quantities of solid and liquid waste that have a negative impact on the environment and human health if not properly disposed of. In this context, a team of researchers from the University of L'Aquila has developed an innovative process that allows the recovery of the above mentioned elements, not requiring significant quantities of costly chemical agents, nor hazardous wastes, in solid form and/or liquid, thus giving rise to an ecological and economic process.
Possible Applications
Recovery and recycling of industrial waste from:
 - Electrical and electronic industry;
 - Chemical and ceramic industry (Nd based catalysts);
 - Automotive industry (permanent magnets and nickel metal hydride batteries).
 - Process more economical and environmentally sustainable than the ones currently in use;
 - High recovery rate (over 95%) of Neodymium, Praseodymium, Nickel and Iron compared to the quantities present in the source material;
 - Easy industrialisation.


November 1st, 2011 | Posted by in November | Middle School | 2011-2012
Cosmic by Frank Cottrell Boyce. U.S. edition: HarperCollins, 2010
1. How would Liam define the role of being a dad at the book's beginning? Do you think his definition has changed by the story's end? If so, how?
2. In some ways, Florida seems superficial. What evidence suggests otherwise?
3. Why is it important to continue to explore space?
Books for Middle School Age
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The Estimation of Age and Analyses of the Growth Rate Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redhead in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria
Estimates of age and analyses of growth rate of Piliostigma thonningii were made by counting rings and measuring ring widths in those plants that formed distinct rings. In the others, with indistinct rings or no rings, the regression method was used to estimate the ages, using known ages and girths to derive a regression equation. There was a high correlation coefficient between age and girth (r = 0.96), less so between age and mean annual growth increment (r = 0.71) and much less so between age and bark thickness (r = 0.54). The estimated mean annual growth increment (cm) for all the tress sampled was 1.07 ± 0.23 (at 95% confidence limit).


Monday, May 30, 2011
Shapes in our everyday world!
Shapes are everywhere! A few basic shaped include a rectangle, circle, triangle and octagon. There are many more than just these four but in this lesson we will focus on how often you see these four shapes!
1) A RECTANGLE is a 4 sided figure with 4 right angles. The sides are not all the same length, the two sides parallel to each other are the same length and the other 2 parallel sides are also the same length. If all the sides were the same, it would be a square.
A window in an example of a rectangle we see everyday!
2) A CIRCLE is a shape with a set of points in a plane that are a given distance from a given point (the center of the circle).
 A tire is an example of a circle we see everyday!
3) A triangle is a 3 sided figure with 3 corners or vertices.
The peak of a house is a triangle we see everyday!
4) An OCTAGON is a polygon with 8 sides of the same length and 8 angles the same size.
A stop sign is an example of an octagon we see everyday!
 I hope you learned a lot about four of the basic shapes we see each and every day and next your outside, see how many shapes you can find!


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Image of the Eleazer Arnold House, built c. 1687, located in Lincoln, RI.
In 1693, Eleazer Arnold, a major landowner, built his house along Great Road, one of the earliest roads in the colonies. Two stories high, with a pilastered chimney, the home so dominated the modest dwellings of nearby farmers that it earned the title "Eleazer's Splendid Mansion." With its massive chimney end wall, the house is a rare survivor of a once-common Rhode Island building type known as a stone-ender. The structure has sustained many alterations over the centuries. Visitors find evidence of seventeenth-century construction methods, eighteenth-century additions, nineteenth century graffiti, and the twentieth-century approach to preservation that restored the house to its present appearance.
From: Town of Lincoln Historic InformationSee also:
Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission: Statewide Preservation Reports, 1975 - 1982


Forgot your password?
Comment Could this be related... (Score 1) 269
...to the "strobe-light" effect I sometimes see late at night when I'm trying to fall asleep? Close my eyes, and I see fluctuating "flashes" behind my eyelids for a few seconds that don't seem to be coming from any lights in the environment. Maybe some sporadic electromagnetic or other RF interference?
Looking Back at 1984 Report On "Radical Computing" 183
An anonymous reader writes "The Department of Defense has just released a long restricted report (PDF) by the JASON group entitled Radical Computing. This 1984 study outlines a number of alternate computing methods that could'result in a radical improvement in computing.' The study attempts to explain the paradox of how the Russian lag in developing VLSI chips curiously did not critically hinder their accomplishments in space missions, ICBMs and chess computation. The authors speculate that the Russians might have achieved breakthroughs in alternative computing methods such as residue arithmetic and symbolic computing. (More cynical types assume the Russians bought or stole US chips from the French or other too-helpful go-betweens.)"


text: The Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) is the most widespread species of Campephilus, occurring regularly from Panama south to northern Argentina, including across the Guianan Shield and throughout Amazonia. It is a very large, robust woodpecker with a large red crest. The Crimson-crested Woodpecker is found in a variety of habitats, from forest to forest edge and light woodland. It usually occurs in pairs or family groups and can be quite noisy. This woodpecker is very similar in appearance to the Lineated Woodpecker. The main difference is broad white band across the face and the converging, "V" white stripes on the back of the Crimson-crested Woodpecker as the stripes on the back of the Lineated do not converge.


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Household projections are key components of analyses of several issues of social concern, including the welfare of the elderly, housing, and environmentally significant consumption patterns. Researchers or policy makers that use such projections need appropriate representations of uncertainty in order to inform their analyses. However, the weaknesses of the traditional approach of providing alternative variants to single ''best guess'' projection are magnified in household projections, which have many output variables of interest, and many input variables beyond fertility, mortality, and migration. We review current methods of household projections and the potential for using them to produce probabilistic projections, which would address many of these weaknesses. We then propose a new framework for a household projection method of intermediate complexity that we believe is a good candidate for providing a basis for further development of probabilistic household projections. An extension of the traditional headship rate approach, this method is based on modelling changes in headship rates decomposed by household size as a function of variables describing demographic events such as parity specific fertility, union formation and dissolution, and leaving home. It has moderate data requirements, manageable complexity, allows for direct specification of demographic events, and produces output that includes the most important household characteristics for many applications. An illustration of how such a model might be constructed, using data on the U.S. and China over the past several decades, demonstrates the viability of the approach.
"Toward a New Model for Probabilistic Household Forecasts." Internat. Statist. Rev. 72 (1) 51 - 64, April 2004.


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The matrix of single choices is a combination of multiple single choice questions in each row. It is used mainly in situations where several questions of the same nature are repeated. The respondent selects just ONE answer on each row.
The matrix question is particularly relevant for scale questions. The typical example is a Likert scale. Questions in the matrix could greatly optimize and shorten your questionnaire.
This question can be included in any analysis. Traditionally, we can evaluate the frequencies in both relative and absolute values (percentages or number of occurrences) for individual rows.
The overall results are displayed in a classic bar graph, so you can switch to the so-called stacked bar graph for the ratio display.
Options & Settings
Add an image or video to the question.
Type of matrix:
text answers (comment boxes).


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Nonparametric estimation and testing in survival models
- The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that nonparametric smoothing methods for estimating functions can be an useful tool in the analysis of life time data. After stating some basic notations we will present a data example. Applying standard parametric methods to these data we will see that this approach fails - basic features of the underlying functions are not reflected by their estimates. Our proposal is to use nonparametric estimation methods. These methods are explained in section 2. Nonparametric approaches are better in the sense that they are more flexible, and misspecifications of the model are avoided. But, parametric models have the advantage that the parameters can be interpreted. So, finally, we will formulate a test procedure to check whether a parametric or a nonparametric model is appropriate.


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Amount of Calories in Japanese Persimmon Foods
The amount of calories in Japanese Persimmon foods like Jam, Pie and Juices is also different. Calorie content of different Japanese Persimmon foods is:
Calories in Juice: 90.00 kcal
Calories in Jam: 345.00 kcal
Calories in Pie: 284.00 kcal
In nutritional terms, the calorie content of Japanese Persimmon is the energy obtained through its consumption. Here is a simple equation to maintain a balance between calorie levels: The amount of energy consumed must be equal to the amount of energy utilized. If low, the person may become weak and if high, this energy is stored in the form of fat. Everyone needs calories for proper functioning of body and Japanese Persimmon calories will not alter the diet in any hazardous way. Calorie requirements vary depending upon the physical activities, age, weight, height and health of the individual.


Macros are similar to the "auto correct" facility in Microsoft Word where a small string of text can be expanded into a sentence or even paragraphs of text. The macros can also be set up to use the prefixed number, eg so that 5@w expands to 'for 5 weeks'. They can also be set up to include relevant data like the customer's name so that _USER_ expands to 'Dear Joanna' (assuming that the current customer's first name is Joanna). Finally it is possible to call a report to generate text for things like a referral email that includes the patient's medical history.
Macros can be used in any text field. Note however that certain macros will be context dependent. For example, the _USER_ macro is designed for use when creating a Dispensing Label and uses information from the product record. If you use _USER_ when there is no current product, then the macro simply will not expand and the '3@bid' that you typed will be left unaltered.
You don't need to remember the macros, pressing Alt-M will display a Macro Select screen like that shown below. You can simply click on the macro you want to invoke it.
Note that the search facility searches both the code of the macros and their names. Hence entering say 'dg' will find all macros with code starting 'dg' and all macros whose name starts 'dg'.
The macros are set up by your administrator using the Administration|Lookups|Macro and Administration|Lookups|Report Macro facilities.
Macros can include {__} tokens that indicate text that needs to be replaced by the user. Pressing:
 - Ctrl - Right Arrow - jumps to the next token, and selects it
 - Ctrl - Left Arrow - jumps to the previous token, and selects it
This allows users to progressively fill in text. E.g. a macro could generate:
Reason: {__}
History: {__}
Current medications: {__}
What Preventative health cover is being used and do you need to purchase any today? {__}
Vaccination: {__}
Worming: {__}
Flea control: {__}
Heartworm Prevention: {__}
Examine: {__}
Mentation: {__}
Body condition score: {__}
MM: {__} CRT: {__}
HR: {__} RR: {__}
LN: {__}
Temperature: {__}
NOTE: this facility is not supported in the Mail editor.
Syndicate content


Information on LED lighting - Petzl United Kingdom
Information on LED lighting
As a headlamp manufacturer concerned for the safety of its customers, Petzl has chosen to present information in its product instructions about the risks to the eyes associated with LED lighting. For this, the company uses the EN 62471: 2008 standard, photobiological safety of lamps and devices using lamps, though it is not mandatory. This standard classifies lamps according to risk groups.
LED lighting and blue light
Most of today's headlamps are made with LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Currently, the most profitable way to make white LEDs is to combine a blue-wavelength diode with a yellow luminophore.
As seen in the diagram below, LEDs emit primarily blue light (wavelength 450-495 nm).
Emission spectrum of a Petzl headlamp
In case of direct, repeated exposure at high power, blue light can harm the eyes: retinal damage, aggravation of macular degeneration, blinding. These risks are especially significant for children because of their higher sensitivity to blue light.
This is why as a headlamp manufacturer, Petzl has a duty to inform its customers of the existence of these risks, even if they are minimal for normal use of Petzl headlamps.
Risk groups
The EN 62471: 2008 standard on the photobiological safety of lamps provides a methodology for measuring and classifying the risks due to blue light emission.
The risk groups are as follows:
 - Risk group 0: no risk.
 - Risk group 1: low risk. The product presents no risk related to exposure limits under normal usage conditions.
 - Risk group 2: moderate risk. The reflex to look away from the lamp suffices to reduce the risk.
 - Risk group 3: high risk. The product can present a risk even with a momentary or short exposure.
Depending on the risk group. the manufacturer must make a label and/or a specific informational notice.
It is important to underline that the risk level is partly related to the distance between the light source and the eye. Thus, moving away from the light source reduces the risk level. The risk level is also related to the duration of exposure.
Brightness and beam shape are other factors influencing the risk level. Note that Petzl determines the risk level of its lamps by testing the worst-case scenario: a focused beam at maximum brightness.
Moreover, the risk group is currently evaluated at 20 cm from the lamp, which is relatively close compared to a common accidental exposure.
How does Petzl communicate in its instructions?
Here is an example of an informational insert on photobiological risk given in the Instructions for Use for Petzl headlamps:
Petzl communicates about the maximum risk associated with its lamps, specifying the distances at which this risk level is reduced. For this example, the lamp is classified in risk group 2. The lamp moves to risk group 1 when it is at a distance of 1.3 m from the user's eyes.
You should know that most headlamps currently on the market are classified in a risk group greater than or equal to 1. However, few manufacturers communicate about this risk.
Regardless of a lamp's risk level, we recommend:
- never look directly at a lit headlamp
- avoid aiming a headlamp beam into another person's eyes
- do not leave a child alone with a headlamp, as children's eyes are especially sensitive to blue light
For more information, see the ANSES report: Health effects of lighting systems using light-emitting diodes (LEDs).


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Sources of timing error can be many and varied. They can be constant, variable or even transient. There is little doubt that timing errors are present in virtually all computer-based studies to some degree. Only studies that have been calibrated using an oscilloscope and signal generator are likely to be near error free. When the same paradigm is run on different hardware (which includes presentation and response device), there will be a difference in the timing error. Such differences can make replication difficult and can in some cases lead to conditional bias that can affect statistical significance. Even if you make use of a commercial experiment generator, you should self-validate your own timing as a matter of course. In our opinion, the only tool to allow you to do this quickly and easily is the Black Box Toolkit.
To illustrate the point three examples of timing error are given below.
Example 1: How choice of mouse may effect response timing in psychological studies
Using a digital oscilloscope and signal generator, we tested a range of computer mice (across various interfaces), a typical keyboard and commercial response box from PST. Each device was tested independently of the PC. We found a huge variation in timing characteristics. For example, there was some 60 milliseconds difference between the best and worst performing mouse - simply this is the timing error that would be added to each response time if you used this mouse. In addition its timing was highly variable. We then ran a simple E-Prime paradigm that enabled us to make use of each response device in turn. It was found that the prediction made using the signal generator and oscilloscope held for E-Prime. Simply response timings were slowed by the timing characteristics of the particular device. The graph below show the timing error in E-Prime responses when tested using a rig similar to the BBTK.
The upper track is the worst mouse. Note the absolute difference and the variability. The middle track is a standard keyboard. The consistent 10ms track is the best performing mouse. The fastest device is the PST Deluxe Response Box for E-Prime. The key thing to take away is hardware variation can add a significant effect to experimental results regardless of how good the script of paradigm is!
For a full report see: Plant, R. R., Hammond, N. V. and Whitehouse T. (2003), How choice of mouse may effect response timing in psychological studies, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers 35(2), 276-284.
Example 2: Cross Modal Priming Using Psyscope on a Mac with an external CMU button box
We examined an active researcher's cross-modal priming study in-situ using kit similar to the BBTK. Their paradigm ran on a Mac using Psyscope together with a CMU button box for timing and response measurement.
In this study a human participant's task to press a left or right button when responding to either a left or right star or left or right tone. Stars to tone were either: Concurrent (0ms lag), 50ms lag or 100ms lag. Tones did not have to appear on all trials. We assessed presentation onset and duration accuracy, synchrony between tones and visual stimuli, tone duration and the accuracy of response registration. We also examined whether using the CMU box for timing made any difference over the internal timers.
When bench marking this paradigm we used three fibre optics stuck to the screen of the Mac. Two high performance microphones and one switch closure line to simulate a response. We programmed DSCAR to simulate a response after 300ms after detecting a star. 300ms was about average human performance under that paradigm.
We found the the actual presentation of the stars was very accurate in terms of duration. Audio duration was slightly longer than desired at around 215ms rather than 200ms. The synchronization error between the tone and star was reasonably good at +6ms. However when we looked at the trials where audio was involved there was a consistent +20ms added to the response time measured by Psyscope as compared with trials with no audio. This was a significant systematic conditional bias. In this case the experimenter had the opportunity to correct the response timing post-hoc for trials involving audio as the error was consistent. However before we checked the paradigm this was unknown and adding a significant conditional bias which was effecting the results obtained.
Example 3: Using TFT Screens and Data Projectors Versus CRTs
Using a digital oscilloscope and simple visual presentation paradigm written in E-Prime we evaluated the contribution made to display timing by use of different display devices. We tested a range of TFTs, a data projector and a standard 19" CRT running at 100Hz (10ms screen redraw).
The E-Prime paradigm simply wrote an LPT port out signal for 100ms (upper track), then displayed a bitmap for 100ms and then a black screen for 100ms. We calibrated the paradigm so that the image was displayed for exactly 100ms on the CRT. Then we proceeded to swap through a range of TFT screens with various interface types (DVI or analog D-SUB). Finally we tested a Sanyo data projector.
Typically we found that all TFTs were slower to begin to display the image by around 40+ ms and that they were slower to stop displaying the image. We also noted that images typically were displayed for 20-30ms longer than they should have been. Below we can see a trace for a typical TFT:
- A: Time from port out signal to start of display
- B: Warm-up time for display
- C: Cool down time for for display
- D: Total display time
Note: B+C should equal the panels response time in milliseconds.
More crucially we found that the warm-up time for the projector was very slow at around 100ms and that again display time was longer than desired.
This suggests that if display accuracy and synchronicity is crucial to your paradigm then you should either use a CRT or check the timing. For example with the Black Box Toolkit you could use a data projector if you started the visual presentation some 100ms earlier than a sound stimulus and made the display time some 40ms shorter. Then the display would be exactly 100ms and it would be synchronised with the audio presentation.


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Yes, terror is a Scrabble word!
1. An overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
2. A person who inspires fear or dread
3. A very troublesome child
4. The use of extreme fear in order to coerce people (especially for political reasons)
What Scrabble words can I make with the letters in terror?
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Paul French writes: > Hello All, > > we have an issue where derby takes a long time to startup. Anything > from minutes to hours. > > We are running derby on J9 on a windows mobile 6.5 > > It seems to be due to the fact that devices are being powered off and > so derby is not shutdown cleanly. > > Question is, what is derby doing to recover? Why so long? Even when we > start the application cleanly, do nothing, power off the device and > then on again, it can take a very long time to make the first database > connection vie the embedded driver. Hi Paul, During recovery, Derby replays all write operations performed after the last checkpoint and finally undoes all the operations performed by transactions that hadn't been committed at the time the database was taken down. If the database is shut down cleanly, a checkpoint will be invoked, so that there should be nothing to do in the recovery phase on the next start-up. If shutting down the database cleanly isn't an option, one way to reduce the recovery time is to increase the checkpoint frequency. Then there should be fewer operations to replay on the next start-up. This can be achieved by setting the (undocumented) database property, which specifies the maximum number of bytes of transaction log before a checkpoint is triggered. The default is 10MB. The minimum value accepted is 100000 bytes. However, you say that you see that recovery takes a very long time even if no operations were performed the last time the database was running, in which case there should be no operations to replay. Does the database's log directory contain many and/or big files? The files in that directory contain the transaction logs that need to be replayed on recovery. If there are many files there, it might be that you are running with log archive mode enabled (typically used when taking backups), which prevents old log from being deleted. You can check if that's the case by looking at the file in the database directory and see if it contains "". -- Knut Anders


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Donation Heart Ribbon
Blood Test To Predict Heart Attacks Found By Scripps Researchers
Aired 1/13/14 on KPBS News.
Scripps scientists have found a bio-marker in the blood that can predict heart attacks. The next question: How far in advance do they appear?
Chest pain could mean you've got a pinched nerve, an inflammation or it could mean nothing at all. Or it could mean plaque on your arteries is breaking loose and accumulating in your heart and a heart attack is soon to come.
Peter Kuhn is a physicist and faculty member at the Scripps Research Institution. He was a member of the team that identified endothelial cells as heart attack predictors.
So what if a simple blood test could tell us that process is underway? Scientists at the Scripps Research Institute are close to making that a reality.
Their research has been published in the journal Physical Biology. Researchers say the presence of so-called endothelial cells in the blood show that dangerous plaque is circulating in the bloodstream. So a positive blood test for the cells can predict a heart attack.
"So we have something that shows up before the heart attack," said Peter Kuhn, a Scripps faculty member and co-author of the scientific discovery. "What we do not know yet is how much in advance does this actually show up."
Kuhn says further research must determine when endothelial cells appear in the blood. It could be two days or it could be two weeks before a heart attack.
If you know a heart attack is imminent, doctors can try to ward it off with blood thinners and other treatments.
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Playing, learning and recovering in Haiti
Jean Panel Fanfan, UNICEF
PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (January 20, 2012) — It might look like simple fun, but the dominos, coloring pencils, construction blocks, hand puppets, puzzle pieces and memory games in Jean Pierre's school are about more than just a good time.
They came from one of the thousands of early childhood development (ECD) kits UNICEF has distributed since Haiti's devastating 2010 earthquake, part of efforts to reintroduce normalcy and stability to the lives of children.
Two years after the quake, many of them are still coming to terms with the trauma of the disaster, which killed hundreds of thousands of people and destroyed a vast number of homes.
Jean Pierre lost his father and mother during the earthquake and now lives with an aunt. "When I play with toys, it removes the sadness inside me and I forget the sorrow and I feel better," he said.
Preparing children for school
These kits are just one part of a broader UNICEF program to help the Haitian government, parents and preschools maximize the potential of ECD—interventions to prepare young children for years of learning and growth.
In addition, UNICEF is providing technical support to BUGEP ("Bureau de gestion de l'Education Préscolaire"), on the development of an ECD policy for Haiti. Yolaine Vandal, the head of BUGEP, understands the value of providing early education to children under age 5, before they even get to school.
"You can see the difference clearly," she said. "The children who have been in preschool have the basics and they are prepared for the curriculum. The kids that have been in preschool already know how to express themselves, how to behave in the classroom, how to concentrate on a task, recognize images, remember things."
UNICEF is also supporting a BUGEP training for 300 educators, who will then spread their skills to other teachers, Vandal said. These skills include learning how to monitor pupils on a daily basis and evaluating individual children's well-being.
In addition, since the earthquake, UNICEF has reached tens of thousands of children with ECD kits, which help preschools teach foundational skills to children, such as sorting, organizing and relating items to each other.
"Even bright children can be left behind without a good preschool experience. This can have long-term consequences," Vandal said.
The ECD program also includes education for parents on non-classroom aspects of child development. Parents learn proper nutrition and sanitation to protect children from waterborne diseases, and what they can do at home to help their children prepare for school.
"We help parents see how to help their kids with writing, drawing and simple design. This is very important for development," said Vandal. "You can see clearly the changes in the kids that are getting this kind of development."
A sense of security and normalcy
St. Benedict School serves a population of people whose homes were destroyed by the 2010 earthquake. The families remain displaced by the disaster, living in tents or other temporary shelters nearby.
Located in a UNICEF tent on a former golf course in Port-au-Prince, St. Benedict overflows with toddlers between 2 and 6 years old, all of them busily engaged in playful activities.
Guided by instructors, the children use crayons, modelling clay, building blocks, and other materials to build houses, cars, people and other objects reminiscent of a normal childhood.
"The ECD kit gives children a sense of security and fun that they often do not find at home," said Emanuela Itacy, the kindergarten's head instructor.
"Sometimes," he added, "the children are so engaged that they do not want to go home."


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Note the cold spots are not along the geographic line from the N. Pole to the S. Pole but where the globe, tilted and tipped, is getting the least amount of sunshine! Depending on the tipping and what part of the globe is getting sunlight, the coldest spot is not the geographic N. Pole, but that part of the globe that gets less sunlight. On the weather maps below, the Italy Face makes Russia, not Sweden, receive less sunlight as Sweden is tilted toward the Sun. The Americas Face makes the areas NW of Hudson Bay, not the N. Pole, receive less sunlight as this part receives a shorter day as it is pushed into an early sunset during the tilt swing. The New Zealand face shows an uneven distribution of cold along latitude 60° as the globe is pushed up and away from the Sun over New Zeland. This is then pulled forward over the India Face for warmer temperatures North of Mongolia. The weather maps, and the verbal descriptions, match.
Dec 3: No precise sunset data because of the clouds, but but somewhere between 280° and 320°. [Assume 300°. Compass reading, subtract 30° for deviation. Skymap expects Azi 238°. Sunset NORTH by 32°]
Dec 19: I think we have passed the actual Solstice already a week ago at least, as the sun is already now again higher in my view in Europe than it was 2 weeks ago. I feel we have rolled by at least 12-30 degrees.
Dec 21: Sun set SSW rather than SW at Azi 225°.
Dec 2: Sunset early by 30 minutes, SOUTH.
Dec 3: Sunset SOUTH by 21°
Dec 5: Sunrise NORTH by 11°
Dec 11: Sunset SOUTH by 12°
Dec 11: Sunset SOUTH by 14°
Dec 13: Sunset SOUTH by 22°
Dec 14: Sunrise NORTH by 7°
Dec 26: Sunrise NORTH by 12°
Dec 6: Sunrise high by 19° NORTH, early.
Dec 7: Sunrise 50 minutes, NORTH.
Dec 8: dark in the 2nd week of Nov at 5 PM, normal for in the first week of Dec.
Dec 21: Sunset SOUTH by 14°
Dec 23: Sunset SOUTH by 16°
Dec 24: Sunset SOUTH by 18°
Dec 8: SOUTH by 38°!
Dec 10: Sunset SOUTH by 6°
Dec 18: Sunset SOUTH by 3°
Dec 22: Sunset SOUTH by 8°
Dec 18: Sunset 5° SOUTH.
Sunset Dec 3: SOUTH by 9°.
Sunrise Dec 11: SOUTH by 8°
Sunset Dec 11: SOUTH by 11°
Midday Dec 12: SOUTH by 25° and too HIGH by 15-20° deg!
Sunset Dec 12: SOUTH by 11°
Sunrise Dec 7: SOUTH, late by 47 minutes.
Sunset Dec 6: SOUTH, late by 28 minutes.


School reports decoded
Apple with 'A+' written on it
It's the end of term and that means one thing – school report time. But what exactly do those cryptic comments in your child's report mean? Jessica Powell gets teachers to explain.
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When you receive your child's report you might be pleased, concerned or – like many parents – downright confused, as they can be tricky to decipher. Here's what you need to know to understand what the report really means.
"Annual reports are a statutory requirement," explains head teacher at Gilwern Primary School, Roger Guy. "The format varies significantly between schools but the main area to focus on is the 'General Comment'. This is usually a short paragraph which provides a summary of academic and social strengths and areas to develop."
So what exactly do those general comments mean? We asked teachers to 'decode' five commonly used phrases.
'Lacks spatial awareness'
What it means: Your child may spread themselves out in class and knock into others on the playground. "With younger children this relates to their ability to control their movements and the development of gross motor skills," explains Reception teacher at Gilwern Primary, Brady Edwards.
What you can do: "Jigsaws, climbing frames and obstacle courses help develop gross motor control," says Brady. "Also introduce distance vocabulary. So ask, 'What is closer, the teddy or the bike?' and allow them to find out." With older children, help them to understand the concept of 'personal space'. "Explain that everyone has their own space, like a 'bubble' around them," suggests Brady.
'Needs more sustained listening skills'
What it means: "Often children start the lesson well but then begin daydreaming," explains Bethan Prosser, a year 5 teacher at Cleveland Junior School. "When you ask a question they look confused."
What you can do: "Try baking cakes together," suggests Bethan, "Read out the instructions step by step. If they listen, the end product will turn out right." And they get a tasty reward!
'Must adapt their speech to a broader range of situations'
What it means: "They might often speak without thinking, shout out or talk over others," explains Brady.
What you can do: "Try the 'turn-taking story game'," suggests Brady. "Each person gets to make up three words of a story at a time. For example, one person says, 'The pig said', and the next continues, 'hello little goat'. This makes them think carefully about what they want to say."
'Needs to take a more active role'
What it means: "They will quite happily sit and watch the rest of the class do an activity and not participate unless told to," explains Bethan.
What you can do: "Suggest games where they play a leading role," she suggests. Try follow the leader or Chinese whispers (getting them to start the chain). Or set them and their siblings or friends a task, such as building a den, and get them to take turns to be 'boss', instructing the others.
'Must concentrate more'
What it means: "This could also be worded as 'needs to manage distractions'," says Brady. It usually means your child is easily distracted by toys, what's going on outside the classroom, etc.
What you can do: "'Kim's game' is good for developing concentration," advises Brady. "You show five items to your child for 10 seconds, then they turn around and you remove one. They look again and have to work out what's disappeared."


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interventions.
- All intervention packages should include a module specific to the stigmatization of people with multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). Stigma toward people with MDR/XDR TB are likely fostered and sustained by distinct sets of underlying factors.
- The intervention package will eventually include an appropriate monitoring & evaluation envelope- (i.e. with measures and stigma scales that map to the specific stigma domains in the intervention). The M&E content will be developed by KNCV in collaboration with authors and is not required as part of the application or the full package.
- If interventions need to follow a specific sequence – these implementation guidelines should be specifically explained. The authors should indicate the minimum dosage of the intervention expected to be required to detect any noticeable changes in the expected outcomes and the preferred manner of implementation. Optional or advanced modules of the intervention should be specifically defined.
- All TB stigma reduction interventions must be gender-aware and informed by region-specific literature on TB and gender.
- In many communities TB stigma may be temporized or potentialized by other powerful stigmas.1,2 So addressing TB stigma, even successfully, will not reduce the suffering of people with TB very much. Applicants should therefore indicate how this intervention could be combined with other anti-stigma efforts.
The materials developed under this contract would be co-owned and co-branded (by the author and KNCV TB Foundation). KNCV would reserve the right to make modifications to the work such as translation, copy editing, and combination with other content. End-users would also be encouraged to tailor to the interventions to the needs of their setting. If the applicants consider aspects of the intervention package to be original works of art ( i.e. not modifiable), this should be clearly specified.
The proposed budget should not exceed $15,000. Budgets should include the time needed to craft the package by an expert or very small team. Successful applications will likely be those that have already developed similar materials in the past, which need only modify existing materials.
This RFA does not require the applicant to provide graphic design competency as this will be provided. An Instructional Designer and Social Scientist will be available to contribute to ensure the logical coherence between the behavioral theory employed, the interventions developed, the materials developed, and the measurement metrics used (M&E).
|8 September||Annotated outline off the full intervention package (scope of work)|
|22 September||Rough draft of half of the intervention package|
|6 October||Full draft of the intervention package|
|13 October||Technical review feedback from KNCV|
|27 October||Revised draft of the intervention package|
|3 November||Final draft of the intervention package to copy editors and lay out|
The final published version of the TB Stigma reduction Tool Box will be presented by the authors in The Hague December 13-14th, 2017. Travel expenses for 1 author will be paid by KNCV TB Foundation.
Please note the deadline for submission of the final materials is: November 3rd, 2017
Interested applicants should supply:
- A complete application form (three to ten-page) including:
- Conceptual framework (Figure 1)
- Matrix of Intervention Modalities and Aims (Figure 2)
- Matrix of Intervention Delivery mechanisms (Figure 3)
- Budget proposal
- 1 or 2 page track record of the individual or organization in related efforts
- CVs of the main content developer(s) – highlighting track record in TB and stigma reduction.
Please use the template provided to submit your application.
- Technical queries can be sent to Ellen Mitchell: _EMAIL_
- For operational or contractual queries should be sent to Stephanie Borsboom – _EMAIL_
- Apply by email to Stephanie Borsboom on or before: August 27, 2017.
Proposals will be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. Proposals will be rated according to:
- The track record of the applicant.
- The coherence of the link between the theory, tools, and specific outcomes
- The transformative potential of the package
- The balance between affective, cognitive, and active change efforts.
- The likelihood that the applicant can complete the work in the short time period.
Proposals that are impactful and comprehensive in scope will be preferred over proposals that privilege feasibility, incremental improvement, or traditional chalk+talk methods.
- Bond V, Nyblade L. Supportive Social Context and Intentions for Civic and Political Participation: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 2006;61:452–61.
- Bond V, Nyblade L. The Importance of Addressing the Unfolding TB-HIV Stigma in High HIV Prevalence Settings. J Community Appl Soc Psychol [Internet]. 2006;16(January):452–461. Available from: _URL_
 Authors should be mindful not to over-emphasize TB treatment adherence because that is often viewed as an instrumental interest by persons with TB, who typically have a range of health and wellbeing concerns and prefer their well-being viewed holistically.
 Interventions which help people to value themselves generically may be more effective than ones that focus only on their self-concept as impacted by TB disease.


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This article requires proofreading.
As such, it may contain incorrect grammar, spelling, or punctuation.
Intuitive awareness is an advanced induction technique which is developed through extensive experience as a lucid dreamer. It occurs naturally once the brain becomes able to automatically recognize subtle differences between dreams and waking life without consciously analyzing them. When it is triggered the dream will fluidly transition between the non-lucid and lucid state as soon as they instinctively sense that they are in a dream.
Intuitive awareness is most commonly developed through keeping a regular dream journal to enhance recall and analyze dream signs. After enough practice the dreamer can accomplish a subconscious recognition of dream signs to a level which they are cognizant enough to not require formal reality checks.
This technique can be extremely risky, for example a dreamer might assume they are dreaming and attempt to use dream control to fly out of a window or jump out of a car.
There are many factors that may cause use of this technique to go wrong. Use of drugs, especially hallucinogens can both impair judgement and present subjective effects similar to those possible while dreaming. The hallucinations and change of thought process experienced during psychosis can also hinder one's ability to distinguish between fantasy and reality, which can also lead to disastrous results in this context. Even simply being sleepy from just waking up, or jumping to conclusions could cause one to misjudge that they are in a dream and do something rash.
To mitigate the risk of mistaking reality for a dream, it is important to perform a reality check to confirm one's suspicions.