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It's All Politics
Tue October 23, 2012
Why Are Elections On Tuesdays?
Originally published on Wed October 24, 2012 12:43 pm
It's Tuesday — exactly two weeks out from Nov. 6, Election Day. Why is voting day for American federal elections always a Tuesday? The answer is a bit obscure and has to do with buggies.
Let me explain.
The story starts all the way back with the Founding Fathers. "The Constitutional Convention just met for a very brief time during the summer of 1787," Senate Historian Don Ritchie says. "By the time they got finished they were exhausted and they hadn't made up their minds on a lot of things."
They were pooped. So they left the question of when federal elections should be held undecided. Without that laid out, states were left to set their own voting dates, which meant several decades of electoral chaos. Ritchie describes it as a "crazy quilt of elections" held at all different times, all over the country.
Finally, in 1845, Congress decided to get things under control. Ritchie says lawmakers reasoned that Monday was out because (this is where the buggies come in) people would have to travel to the polls in their buggies on Sunday, the Sabbath. And in a mostly farming society, Wednesday wouldn't work because that was often market day.
So, Tuesday was the day, and that seemed to work great for 19th century voters. "In the 1840s, elections were a big to-do — there was a lot of hoopla, there were parades," Ritchie says. "Whole families would come on wagons from the farms; people would get dressed up for the occasion."
Though the America of buggies and markets has long since given way to minivans and supermarkets, Tuesday remains the day we vote.
"That may have made sense in 1845, but the world has moved on," Rep. Steve Israel, a New York Democrat, says. "Democracies have moved on, and so Congress should also move on and make it easier for people to vote."
There are, of course, other options for a lot of folks, like absentee and early voting. Still, there are voters who can't cast ballots unless they can find a way to get to the polls on Tuesday. "In 15 states you do not have an opportunity to vote early or by an absentee ballot or by mail, which means you have to vote on Tuesday," says Jacob Soboroff of Why Tuesday, who also is a host and producer for HuffPost Live. "It's just ridiculous; it's absurd. There is absolutely no good reason whatsoever to vote on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November."
Soboroff and Israel say Tuesday voting bars access to democracy and keeps America's voter turnout chronically low. They point to census survey data showing that 1 in 4 people says he's too busy or his schedule doesn't allow him to get to the polls.
Their solution? Move Election Day to the weekend. Israel has been introducing and reintroducing a bill to move voting to the weekend.
But moving poll day turns out to be no easy task. The weekend voting bill keeps dying in committee. And earlier this year, when the Government Accountability Office talked to elections officials about how weekend voting would work, they came up with a list of logistical difficulties, from keeping equipment safe overnight to recruiting poll workers to work the weekend. There's also, of course, no guarantee that moving Election Day would change voter turnout.
Then there's the simple fact that Americans have gotten used to voting on Tuesday. "We're a very traditional county, and that became a tradition in a lot of ways," says Ritchie. "That's the way people were accustomed to doing it, people could count on it, you could set your calendars on it."
For this election, the date is set. So — as in every presidential election since the 1840s — Tuesday is the day to vote.
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
This morning after the debate is a Tuesday. And in exactly two weeks, many voters will head to the polls and cast their ballots.
NPR's Selena Simmons-Duffin wondered: Why do Americans vote on Tuesdays?
SELENA SIMMONS-DUFFIN, BYLINE: The answer, turns out, is a little obscure. Senate Historian Don Ritchie had to dig through some historical documents so he could explain.
DON RITCHIE: In the early 19th century, basically, it was a crazy quilt of elections.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: He says, the Constitutional Convention didn't get to some key details, leaving states to set their own voting dates, which meant several decades of electoral chaos.
RITCHIE: So finally in 1845, Congress passed law...
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: If it were Monday, they reasoned, people would have to travel in their buggies on Sunday, the Sabbath. And in a mostly farming society, Wednesday was out because that was often market day. Tuesday was the day and that seemed to work great.
RITCHIE: In the 1840s, elections were a big to-do. There was a lot of hoopla, there were parades. Whole families would come on wagons from the farms, people would get dressed up for the occasion.
REPRESENTATIVE STEVE ISRAEL: Well, that may have made sense in 1845 but the world has moved on, democracies have moved on. And so, Congress should move on and make it easier for people to vote.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Now that there are no buggies or market days, Democratic Congressman Steve Israel, of New York, says Tuesday no longer works.
It isn't exactly a convenient day for a lot of folks. When the Census has surveyed people about why they don't vote, one-in-four says they're too busy, or their schedules don't allow them to get to the polls.
Now many states have other options like early voting. But not all, says Jacob Soboroff with advocacy group Why Tuesday.
JACOB SOBOROFF: In 15 states, you do not have an opportunity to vote early or with an absentee ballot or by mail, which means you have to vote on Tuesday.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Soboroff and congressman Israel say this bars access to democracy. They say it keeps America's voter turnout chronically low. But moving Election Day from Tuesday turns out to be no easy task.
RITCHIE: We're a very traditional country and that became a tradition in a lot of ways.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Historian Don Ritchie says people can set their calendars to it, they can count on it, they're used to it. And though congressman Israel has been introducing and reintroducing a bill to move voting to the weekend, it keeps dying in committee.
ISRAEL: I'm not giving up. I think it's just that important.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: It's not exactly a very sexy issue. It's a little bit technical.
ISRAEL: You know, some people would say a rather arcane issue. But I think it's a rather profound issue. I can't think of anything more important than making sure that people will have an opportunity to cast their votes.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: For this election, the date is set. So, as in every presidential election since the 1840s, Tuesday is the day to vote.
Selena Simmons-Duffin, NPR News.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
GREENE: You're spending your Tuesday listening to MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.


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Volume 407, Number 2, August IV 2003
|393 - 402
|17 November 2003
Emission and absorption lines of gamma-ray bursts affected by the relativistic motion of fireball ejecta*
National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 110, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, PR China
Corresponding author: _EMAIL_
Accepted: 12 May 2003
We display by numerical calculation how rest frame spectral lines appear in the observed spectrum of gamma-ray bursts due to the Doppler effect in the fireball framework. The analysis shows that: a) in the spectrum of a relativistically expanding fireball, all rest frame lines would shift to higher energy bands and would be significantly smoothed; b) rest frame weak narrow emission lines as well as narrow absorption lines and absorption line forests would be smoothed and would hardly be detectable; c) the features of rest frame broad emission lines as well as both strong and weak broad absorption lines would remain almost unchanged and therefore would be easier to detect; d) deep gaps caused by rest frame broad absorption lines would be significantly filled; e) a rest frame emission line forest would form a single broad line feature; f) the observed relative width of the rest frame very narrow line would approach ; g) when the Lorentz factor is large enough, the observed line frequency and the rest frame line frequency would be related by. We also investigate the effect of time dependence of the line intensity and the effect of variation of. We find that the feature of rest frame dimming narrow emission lines would disappear when is very large. The form of emission lines would be sharp on both edges when varies with time. This phenomenon depends not only on the initial Lorentz factor but also on the observation time.
Key words: gamma-rays: bursts / gamma-rays: theory / radiation mechanisms: nonthermal / relativity
© ESO, 2003
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Giant Hogweed by John C. Mannone
Giant Hogweed
John C. Mannone
Their evolution:
like caustic words,
the burning lye
coursing through
their green veins,
in their sap-stem
stained purple,
warted like sin
branching out
to all the world,
white lacy umbels
reaching to sun
to soak sarcastic
light slaked
with promises
of contempt
for any living thing
approaching them.
Cut them
down, burn
the indignant
plant. Its phylogeny
must never be
allowed to flower
and flourish.
All the world is
at risk ever since
humans mutated
into giant hogweed
sprouting, sprawling
Author's note: The poem was inspired after reading about this dangerous plant: Note also that furocoumarin or furanocoumarin are carcinogenic and teratogenic:
Giant Hogweed by John C. Mannone 1
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The values of most GL state variables can be obtained using a set of Get commands. There are four commands for obtaining simple state variables:
void GetBooleanv ( enum value, boolean *data ) ;
void GetIntegerv ( enum value, int *data ) ;
void GetFloatv ( enum value, float *data ) ;
void GetDoublev ( enum value, double *data ) ;
The commands obtain boolean, integer, floating-point, or double-precision state variables. value is a symbolic constant indicating the state variable to return, *data is a pointer to an array of the indicated type in which to place the returned data. In addition
boolean IsEnabled ( enum value ) ;
can be used to determine if value is currently enabled (as with Enable ) or disabled.
If a Get command is issued that returns value types different from the type of the value being obtained, a type conversion is performed. If GetBooleanv is called, a floating-point or integer value converts to FALSE if and only if it is zero (otherwise it converts to TRUE). If GetIntegerv (or any of the Get commands below) is called, a boolean value is interpreted as either 1 or 0, and a floating-point value is rounded to the nearest integer, unless the value is a an RGBA color component, a DepthRange value, a depth buffer clear value, or a normal coordinate. In these cases, the Get command converts the floating-point value to an integer according the INT entry of Table 4.7; a value not in converts to an undefined value. If GetFloatv is called, a boolean value is interpreted as either or, an integer is coerced to floating-point, and a double-precision floating-point value is converted to single-precision. Analogous conversions are carried out in the case of GetDoublev. If a value is so large in magnitude that it cannot be represented with the requested type, then the nearest value representable using the requested type is returned.
Other commands exist to obtain state variables that are indexed by a target. These are
void GetClipPlane ( enum plane, double eqn ) ;
void GetLight[if]v ( enum light, enum value, T data ) ;
void GetMaterial[if]v ( enum face, enum value, T data ) ;
void GetTexEnv[if]v ( enum env, enum value, T data ) ;
void GetTexGen[if]v ( enum coord, enum value, T data ) ;
void GetTexParameter[if]v ( enum target, enum value, T data ) ;
void GetTexLevelParameter[if]v ( enum target, int lod, enum value, T data ) ;
void GetPixelMap[ui ( enum map, T data ) ;
void GetMap[ifd]v ( enum map, enum value, T data ) ;
GetClipPlane always returns four double-precision values in eqn; these are the coefficients of the plane equation of plane in eye coordinates (these coordinates are those that were computed when the plane was specified).
GetLight places information about value (a symbolic constant) for light (also a symbolic constant) in data. POSITION or SPOT_DIRECTION returns values in eye coordinates (again, these are the coordinates that were computed when the position or direction was specified).
GetMaterial, GetTexGen, GetTexEnv, and GetTexParameter are similar to GetLight, placing information about value for the target indicated by their first argument into data. The face argument to GetMaterial must be either FRONT or BACK, indicating the front or back material, respectively. The env argument to GetTexEnv must currently be TEXTURE_ENV. The coord argument to GetTexGen must be one of S, T, R, or Q. For GetTexGen, EYE_LINEAR coefficients are returned in the eye coordinates that were computed when the plane was specified; OBJECT_LINEAR coefficients are returned in object coordinates.
For GetTexParameter and GetTexLevelParameter, target must currently be TEXTURE_1D or TEXTURE_2D, indicating the currently bound one-dimensional or two-dimensional texture object, or PROXY_TEXTURE_1D or PROXY_TEXTURE_2D, indicating the one-dimensional or two-dimensional proxy state vector. value is a symbolic value indicating which texture parameter is to be obtained. The lod argument to GetTexLevelParameter determines which level-of-detail's state is returned. If the lod argument is less than zero or if it is larger than the maximum allowable level-of-detail then the error INVALID_VALUE occurs. Queries of TEXTURE_RED_SIZE, TEXTURE_GREEN_SIZE, TEXTURE_BLUE_SIZE, TEXTURE_ALPHA_SIZE, TEXTURE_LUMINANCE_SIZE, and TEXTURE_INTENSITY_SIZE return the actual resolutions of the stored image array components, not the resolutions specified when the image array was defined. Queries of TEXTURE_WIDTH, TEXTURE_HEIGHT, and TEXTURE_BORDER return the width, height, and border as specified when the image array was created. The internal format of the image array is queried as TEXTURE_INTERNAL_FORMAT, or as TEXTURE_COMPONENTS for compatibility with GL version 1.0.
For GetPixelMap, the map must be a map name from Table 3.3. For GetMap, map must be one of the map types described in section 5.1, and value must be one of ORDER, COEFF, or DOMAIN.
GetTexImage is used to obtain texture images.
void GetTexImage ( enum tex, int lod, enum format, enum type, void *img ) ;
It is somewhat different from the other get commands; tex is a symbolic value indicating which texture is to be obtained. TEXTURE_1D indicates a one-dimensional texture, while TEXTURE_2D indicates a two-dimensional texture. lod is a level-of-detail number, format is a pixel format from Table 3.5, type is a pixel type from Table 3.4, and *img is a pointer to a block of memory. GetTexImage obtains component groups from a texture image with the indicated level-of-detail. The components are assigned among R, G, B, and A according to Table 6.1, starting with the first group in the first row, and continuing by obtaining groups in order from each row and proceeding from the first row to the last. These groups are then packed and placed in client memory as described in section 4.3.2 under ReadPixels. The row length and number of rows is determined by the size of the texture image (including any borders). Calling GetTexImage with lod less than zero or larger than the maximum allowable causes the error INVALID_VALUE. Calling GetTexImage with format of COLOR_INDEX, STENCIL_INDEX, or DEPTH_COMPONENT causes the error INVALID_ENUM.
Table 6.1: Texture return values.,,,,, and are texture array values that are assigned to pixel values R, G, B, and A.
boolean IsTexture ( uint texture ) ;
returns TRUE if texture is the name of a texture object. If texture is zero, or is a non-zero value that is not the name of a texture object, or if an error condition occurs, IsTexture returns FALSE. A name returned by GenTextures, but not yet bound, is not the name of a texture object.
void GetPolygonStipple ( void *pattern ) ;
obtains the polygon stipple. The pattern is packed into memory according to the procedure given in section 4.3.2 for ReadPixels ; it is as if the height and width passed to that command were both equal to 32, the type were BITMAP, and the format were COLOR_INDEX.
void GetPointerv ( enum pname, void **params ) ;
obtains the pointer or pointers named pname in the array params. The possible values for pname are SELECTION_BUFFER_POINTER, FEEDBACK_BUFFER_POINTER, VERTEX_ARRAY_POINTER, NORMAL_ARRAY_POINTER, COLOR_ARRAY_POINTER, INDEX_ARRAY_POINTER, TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY_POINTER, and EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_POINTER. Each returns a single pointer value.
ubyte *GetString ( enum name ) ;
returns a pointer to a static string describing some aspect of the current GL connection. The possible values for name are VENDOR, RENDERER, VERSION, and EXTENSIONS. The format of the RENDERER and VERSION strings is implementation dependent. The EXTENSIONS string contains a space separated list of extension names (The extension names themselves do not contain any spaces); the VERSION string is laid out as follows:
The version number is either of the form major_number.minor_number or major_number.minor_number.release_number, where the numbers all have one or more digits. The vendor specific information is optional. However, if it is present then it pertains to the server and the format and contents are implementation dependent.
GetString returns the version number (returned in the VERSION string) and the extension names (returned in the EXTENSIONS string) that can be supported on the connection. Thus, if the client and server support different versions and/or extensions, a compatible version and list of extensions is returned.
The tables on the following pages indicate which state variables are obtained with what commands. State variables that can be obtained using any of GetBooleanv, GetIntegerv, GetFloatv, or GetDoublev are listed with just one of these commands -- the one that is most appropriate given the type of the data to be returned. These state variables cannot be obtained using IsEnabled. However, state variables for which IsEnabled is listed as the query command can also be obtained using GetBooleanv, GetIntegerv, GetFloatv, and GetDoublev. State variables for which any other command is listed as the query command can be obtained only by using that command.
Unless otherwise indicated, multi-valued state variables return their multiple values in the same order as they are given as arguments

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Checklist of Issues for International Trade Deals
 1. Does the deal involve a banned product, country, company or individual? Check U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security Have your banker check bank's flagged persons/entity list.
 2. What licenses are required?
 1. Local: A new business will need to secure a local business or privilege license from the appropriate N.C. municipality.
 2. State (N.C.): A new business will need to comply with NCDOR regulations on sales taxes and have an appropriate N.C. Tax ID number.
 3. Federal (USA)
 1. 2,500.00 worth of one item triggers Shippers Export Declaration ("SED").
 2. Need Tax ID number.
 3. Is a U.S. export license required?
 1. Check the BIS Export Administration Regulations ("EAR") for most commercial items.
 2. However, another U.S. agency may have jurisdiction over the export of that item type. For example, the Department of State has jurisdiction over defense-related exports (including some intangibles, like software code and intelligence services), for which the International Traffic in Arms ("ITAR") regulations control.
 3. Rules of other federal agencies, like FDA, DEA, and DOE control for some exports.
 4. Good resources: and your local U.S. Export Assistance Center
 4. International: Are any licenses required from other countries involved in the deal? Do you need to engage local counsel in a foreign country?
 3. Customs
 1. Identify U.S. Schedule B product classification number when exporting –
 2. Identify U.S. Harmonized Tariff System ("HTS") code for import – NOTE: The first six digits of the ten digit harmonized code are the same for all products in all countries.
 3. Identify any applicable product standard or inspection regulations in the countries of export and import.
 4. Identify risks
 1. Risk of the product quality/performance;
 2. Risk of loss/insurance and transportation-related issues;
 3. Risk of payment (address with letter of credit or performance bond);
 4. Each deal has hidden risks. Find them! Provide for appropriate remedies in the contract.
 5. Consider all costs. Costs may include, without limitation, product costs, insurance costs, freight, import duty, warehousing, terminal handling charges, custom brokerage fee, bank costs, state or local taxes, governmental regulations, and other informal or non-tariff barriers.
 6. Get it in writing and remember that a deal is only as good as the parties to it!
 7. The FTPC Executive Committee and Board members can assist in your legal issues in going global


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Our company "Mars Bio Chem" offers exclusively designed range of Sewage Treatment Plants. As the products offered by our organization are the most scientific and accurate in getting rid of the sewage in most effective manner, these are widely used for various application areas like growing demands of Water, Industrial waste and Effluent treatment plants.
For convince" Mars Bio Chem" have divided in two parts of sewage treatment because we get two type of waste water one is sewage related which we can say human waste water and other is related (bio-degradable item) (HI-BOD) which we can say kitchen & hospital waste water.
Mars Bio Chem provides a useful process for sewage water treatment. Now-a-days this is too important method for treat water of sewage. We gave its name "waste water treatment through plantation"(reed bed). It is very useful for domestic waste water of hotels, apartments, colonies, open drainage, schools institutes etc. It is a best adoptable method additional cost results are amazing. Its works on gravity, low electric power, requirements easy to maintain cost effective for a large quantity sewage treatment plant. Treated water quality will meet the specified norms of cpcb/state pollution control board for water reuse.
if have a large space than this method is useful.
Type of reed bed method:
- Horizontal flow reed-beds
- Vertical flow reed-beds
- Down-flow reed-beds
Benefits of through plantation method ( reed bed)
- Friendly environment
- Maintenance free
- Without chemical treatment
- Less civil work
- Beautiful surrounding
- Best result


text:
We investigate the long-term impact of early exposure to Berlusconi's commercial TV network, Mediaset, on voting behavior and civic engagement in Italy. To do so, we exploit differences in Mediaset signal reception across Italian municipalities due to the network's staggered introduction over the national territory and to idiosyncratic geomorphological factors. We find that municipalities exposed to Mediaset prior to 1985 exhibit greater electoral support for Berlusconi's party in 1994, when he first ran for office, relative to municipalities that were exposed only later on. This difference, estimated between 1 and 2 percentage points, is extremely robust and tends to persist in the following four elections. This effect can hardly be attributed to differential exposure to partisan news bias since, prior to 1985, content on Mediaset channels was dominated by light-entertainment programs and no news programs were broadcast until 1991, by which time the network was accessible to the entire population. Instead, we present evidence that early exposure to commercial TV was associated with a substantial decline in social capital consistent with the diffusion of a culture of individualism and civic disengagement that favored the political success of Berlusconi.
That is from the paper: "Voting Alone? The Political and Cultural Consequences of Commercial TV" by


A blockchain-empowered crowdsourcing system for 5G-enabled smart cities
Liang Tan, Huan Xiao, Keping Yu, Moayad Aloqaily, Yaser Jararweh
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
2 Citations (Scopus)
With the development of 5G(5th generation mobile networks) technology, smart cities are an inevitable trend in modern city development. Among them, smart city services are the foundation of 5G-enabled smart cities. As an emerging and informational city service model, crowdsourcing has been widely used in our daily life. However, in the existing crowdsourcing systems, the requesters and the workers are usually required to use the crowdsourcing platform as the trust center, and the payment depends on the third-party central payment institutions, which have a massive security risk. Once these centers are attacked or do evil, it will bring higher losses to the crowdsourcing parties. These problems will negatively affect the further development of 5G-enabled smart cities. To address these issues, we propose a blockchain-empowered and decentralized trusted service mechanism for the crowdsourcing system in 5G-enabled smart cities. In the proposed mechanism, the crowdsourcing service process is divided into nine stages: initialization, task submission, task publication, task reception, scheme submission, scheme arbitration, payment, task rollback, and service compensation. The smart contract controls the execution of each step in each stage, and the payment is completed by blockchain without the involvement of third-party central institutions. Finally, we develop smart contracts to conduct experiments based on Ethereum and compare it with the existing crowdsourcing system. The experimental results show the effectiveness and applicability of the crowdsourcing system service mechanism without the central institutions.
Original languageEnglish
Article number103517
JournalComputer Standards and Interfaces
Publication statusPublished - 2021 Jun
 - 5G
 - Blockchain
 - Crowdsourcing
 - Edge-enabled
 - Smart contract
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Software
 - Hardware and Architecture
 - Law
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text:
Reaching heights of over 100 meters, Californian sequoias tower over Earth's other 60,000 tree species. But even these behemoths seem to have their limits: no sequoia on record has been able to grow taller than 130 meters. So what exactly is stopping these trees from growing taller, forever?
This TED-Ed tree primer by Valentin Hammoudi, directed by Doug Alberts, investigates the science with smart and adorable animated graphics: How tall can a tree grow?
Watch these videos next: Climbing & Measuring Redwood Giants, Travel deep inside a redwood tree leaf and How Do Trees Transport Water from Roots to Leaves?


Suzy Vance Life Coach
Memoir In 17 Syllables
Capturing and Preserving…
Have you ever had an experience so marvelous that you wanted to capture it?
A trip filled with adventure…a sweet moment with family or friends…an insight that shifted your life?
Haiku Snapshots are a fun and easy way to bring your moments and memories to life.
Don't let those gems slip away!
Learn how to write a haiku…
 - Marriages, births, memorials, reunions, special journeys, times with friends and family, accomplishments following a collective effort…
 - Enriching a memory for the future when a loved-one's memory may fade…
With just a few key words…some precious pictures taken yesterday…a while ago…in your youth, capturing and preserving memories is possible…with a richness that never fades.
And…if you've been thinking of writing a memoir, this is a great way to begin!
how to write a haiku
how to write a haiku
how to write a haiku
how to write a haiku
Journey Together
As you begin to create, we'll venture together through your memories to create a memoir book that captures both your most treasured photographs and learn how to write a haiku that captures those moments in time.
Contact me to schedule a group session or a personal experience all your own.
Design Your Own
If you want to create a unique journey through your memories, let me know! I welcome the opportunity to build a truly special experience for you.


text:
I'm a big fan of GhostDoc's automatic comment generation in Visual Studio so am looking for an plugin that does the same job with my Java code in Eclipse. Any recommendations?
It is basically the equivalent of Javadoc, which can be generating in eclipse with the shortcut:
(when you are within the Java function you wish to add javadoc for)
From there, if you really want XML format, you can try and use a JELDoclet
You can check JAutodoc (_URL_
From the author:
JAutodoc is an Eclipse Plugin for automatically adding Javadoc and file headers to your source code. It optionally generates initial comments from element name by using Velocity templates for Javadoc and file headers.
This one is the one I've found closest to GhostDoc.
GhostDoc has a nice extra feature that infers a description of what the method does by parsing the method name and providing this as skeletal documentation. For example, using GhostDoc on a method named GetDocumentName() might return the phrase "Gets the document name". While this is hardly more information than provided by the method name, it adds method documentation where previously none existed. Some might argue that this is barely useful. I argue to the contrary because it supports generating documentation from the source code (e.g., for tools like NDoc or SandCastle).
In my opinion the greatest benefit of GhostDoc over eclipse's "Generate Element Comment" is that it encourages programmers to begin adding documentation comments by adding an extremely fast and reliable way create this. The programmer can accept the inferred text, (suitable in 50 - 80% of cases), or expand on this for more complex methods. For the junior programmer who is not as familiar with how documentation comments are used, this can quickly shorten the learning curve and encourage good programming practices.
Javadoc is not like GhostDoc my friend. Javadoc only creates the structure so one can write the documentation from scratch. GhostDoc actually fills up the information according to the Method/Property name.
/// /// Gets the user from id. /// /// The id. /// private string GetUserFromId(string id);
JAutoDoc is the closest I've found so far but it's not as magical as GhostDoc.


text:
On March 16, 1889 the January 12, 1838, and November 8, 1847, Camden Charters were abolished by the legislature, to take effect July 1, 1889. Townsmen could not agree until a Mayor and five Aldermen were elected by Benton County citizen. This was organized and passed the legislature on May 7, 1895. This game them the right to regulate the town strictly including "detention of all suspicious persons found loitering about" for prohibiting gambling and to regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors. It was too strong for the pro-saloon, and not rigid enough for the anti-saloon.
This charter was repealed on February 12, 1897. The state legislature allowed Camden in similar charter to the one repealed on March 27, 1899. The anti-saloonists won out. A charter on April 11, 1903, passed allowing the thorough prohibition of saloons in Camden.
There was an article published June 5, 1903, in the Camden Chronicle entitled, "Passing of the Saloon."
In a October 23, 1923, issue of the paper the activity of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union was mentioned. It was active for many years. This organization fought against liquor. It did a lot of good in getting rid of saloons. They believed a saloon encouraged drunkenness, it was a place of crime and violence, it ignored the law, and was part of the cause of prostitution.
"The House That Whiskey Built" was a two story frame residence built by J.F. Beaton. Beaton was a saloon keeper and did quite well, financially, until the anti saloon legislature drove him out of Camden in 1903. The Lashlees lived there, then Camden Funeral Home, and Frank Lashlee had an insurance company there. Chief James Woodard of the Camden Police department resides there now.
Parts of the above were taken from Benton County, Tennessee, pages 27-28 and Selective Gleanings from Camden Newspapers 1882 - 1932 by Mr. Jonathan K.T. Smith, who has done a great job in preserving Benton County History.
In 1917, Congress passed the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution which prohibited the export, import, manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United State. By January of 1919, three fourths of the states had approved the amendment, and in 1920 it went into effect. This new law is believed to have had the greatest effect on the twenties, creating a feeling of rebellion and wild behavior. May people of the twenties believed that this law violated their right to live by their own standards and do what they wanted to do. The Volstead Act passed by congress set up penalties to all violators of the Eighteenth Amendment and led to illegal distribution of alcohol by gangs. Men like gangsters Al Capone fought over the liquor trade and full-fledged gang wars developed.
Homemade liquor was soon being made and speakeasies were set up to distribute alcohol. As a result of these speakeasies young woman of the twenties began to drink and participate in wild behavior. The wild "floppers" were now created and as the result of prohibition the "Roaring Twenties" was created.
The carefree lifestyle and feelings of rebellion and invincibility can all be connected to prohibition. This law caused rebellion by people who thought they could not be held down and created gangs that thought they were above the law and invincible. Prohibition created the lifestyle of that era. It contributed to the growth of jazz and nightclubs and helped start the rebellious period of the twenties.
The repeal of prohibition can best be connected with the twenties as an end to the rebellious behavior and carefree attitudes. Flappers, speakeasies, gangs, and moonshine began to all die out along with all the things which symbolized the decade.
It was stated in the census, saloon keeper as an occupation,, in 1880, on page 93, Town of Camden District, James Moses, on page 95, Joseph Hudson and Aaron Arnold (closed of April of 1887), and Andrew Saunders. In the 1900 census house number 35, Henry Anderson and Joseph M. Gillispie. There were probably others but they were not listed.
In Benton County today there are approximately ten establishments which sell open beer according to Jeff Arnold of the Sheriff's Department, whom I spoke with on October 29th.
Whatever you attempt go at it with spirit. Put some in. If you want to reach the stars, it's all about attitude.
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1. How Close do the whales get to the boat?
Sometimes the whales are shy, while other times they like to come quite close to the boat. We like to keep our distance and let the whales come to us. We like to remind people that every tour is different, and we never know for sure how the whales will behave.
2. What whales do you see the most?
Pilot whales, minke whales, and Atlantic white-sided dolphins are sighted most often.
3. What should we take with us?
It's always colder on the water, so dress warmer than it is on land. Take some water and snacks if you like. Don't forget your sunscreen, hat, sunglasses, camera, binoculars, and other sight-seeing gear.
4. Will I get seasick?
If you get car sick, you will get sea sick. We recommend a gravol before the tour.
5. What time of day is the best for Whale Watching?
At 10.30 am and 4.30 pm there are less people, but, there are whales around all day, so pick the time which suits your schedule.
6. Can you see whales in the rain?
Yes. Thick fog, and wind are detrimental to whale watching, but not rain.
7. How long is each tour?
Roughly two and a half hours.
8. Should I book ahead?
The Oshan is quite large and can accommodate a large number of people, but we recommend you book ahead just to be safe.
9. How big is your boat / What kind of boat is it?
The Oshan is a 42 foot (10 metre) Northumberland Straight Style Fishing Boat, and our boat was specifically designed to the waters of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
10. How many passengers can you take at once?
24 passengers.
11. Are there life-jackets on board?
Yes. The Oshan is equipped with enough life jackets on board for over twice our passengers. Plus two life rings, a life raft, and other safety equipment.
12. Do you see the same whales every tour?
The same groups of whales return to our area each year, we recognize them by their scars and markings, but on a daily basis each tour is different. It could be all Pilot Whales one day, followed by all Minke Whales the next.
13. Is the boat wheel-chair accessible?
No, the boat is not wheel-chair accessible. Unfortunately, the floating docks where we dock can get very steep, making it unsafe for wheel-chairs.
14. Is there washroom on board?
No, we don't. However, there is a small bathroom above the wharf where we doc
15. Do you allow pets on board?
Yes, if no other passengers object, or we can look after your pets onshore.
16. Is there a safe place to park my bike or motorcycle?
Yes, there is ample parking room away from traffic.
17. Is there enough room to park my camper or trailer?
Yes, the parking lot is quite large.
Oshan Whale Watch
3384 Bay St. Lawrence Road, Bay St. Lawrence, Cabot Trail North, Victoria County, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada. B0C 1R0
© _PHONE_ Oshan Whale Watch. All Rights Reserved.


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|Cro-Magnon (krō-māg'nən, -mān'yən) Pronunciation Key
An early form of modern human (Homo sapiens) inhabiting Europe in the late Paleolithic Period, from about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago, characterized by a broad face and tall stature. It is known from skeletal remains first found in the Cro-Magnon cave in southern France. Cro-Magnons coexisted with European Neanderthal populations for several thousand years, although there is little evidence of interbreeding. See more at Aurignacian.
|a scrap or morsel of food left at a meal.|
|an extraordinary or unusual thing, person, or event; an exceptional example or instance.|
The earliest form of modern humans. The Cro-Magnons developed about 35,000 years ago and physically resembled modern Europeans. (See Homo sapiens.)
Note: Cro-Magnon people painted the walls of their caves, producing some of the earliest known human art.


trauma victim
A 34-year-old trauma victim, Victor, is unconscious and on a ventilator. He was admitted yesterday, and his condition remains critical. His religious affiliation is unknown; however, he has a tattoo of a crucifix.
What can the nurse do to assess and integrate spirituality into Victor's care? If the family is in another state what can the nurse do to integrate the family into the care?
Your initial post must include a minimum of 300 words and include proper grammar, punctuation, and reference(s)


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Image: Devil's Coach-horse Beetle
Devil's Coach-horse Beetle Creophilus erythrocephalus.
- Richard Major
- © Australian Museum
Rove beetles - Family Staphylinidae
Staphylinids are usually elongate beetles with small elytra (wing covers) and large jaws. Like other beetles inhabiting carrion, they have fast larval development with only three larval stages.
Devil's Coach-horse Beetle, Creophilus erythrocephalus, is a common predator of carrion, and with its bright red head, is a very visible component of the fauna of corpses in Australia.
Adults are early visitors to a corpse and they feed on larvae of all species of fly, including predatory fly larvae. They lay their eggs in the corpse, and the emerging larvae are also predators. Creophilus erythrocephalus has a long development time in the egg, so it is common during the later stages of decomposition. As well as consuming maggots, they can also tear open the pupal cases of flies, so there is sufficient food to sustain them at a corpse for long periods.
Another rove beetle, Aleochara haemorrhoidalis feeds on eggs as well as young blowfly larvae.


text: A Current Transformer is a form of sensor used to measure current through a wire or cable. Typically they will be used to sample a portion of current through a conductor and provide current feedback without connecting directly to the circuit, so they provide isolation too. But they are made of wire that will have reactance. Other current sensors like the Hall Effect do not have reactance and are much faster in response to actual changes in the conductor being measured, but are also much more expensive to use. This help?


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Having a list of points, how do I find if they are in clockwise order?
point = (5,0) point = (6,4) point = (4,5) point = (1,5) point = (1,0)
would say that it is anti-clockwise (counter-clockwise for some people).
Some of the suggested methods will fail in the case of a non-convex polygon, such as a crescent. Here's a simple one that will work with non-convex polygons (it'll even work with a self-intersecting polygon like a figure-eight, telling you whether it's mostly clockwise).
Sum over the edges, (x2-x1)(y2+y1). If the result is positive the curve is clockwise, if it's negative the curve is counter-clockwise. (The result is twice the enclosed area, with a +/- convention.)
|show 8 more comments|
Because the cross product measures the degree of perpindicularness of two vectors... If you imagine that each edge of your polygon is a vector in the x-y plane of a 3-d xyz space, then the cross product of two successive edges would be a vector in the z-direction (if the second segment is clockwise) or in the minus z-direction (for counter-clockwise), whose magnitude is proportional to the sine of the angle between the two original edges (which reaches a maximum when they are perpindicular)
so for each vertex (point) of the polygon, calculate the cross-product magnitude of the two adjoining edges...
Say vertex A(point) is between
then it's cross product is the determinent of following matrix
since all cross-producst are perpindicular to the plane of two vectors being multiplied, this will only have a k-component, (z-axis) and it's value is a1*b2 - a2*b1 = -4* 4 - 0* 1 = -16 The magnitude of this value is a measure of the sine of the angle between the 2 original vectors, times the product of the magnitudes of the 2 vectors.. So you need to divide it by the product of the magnitudes of the two vectors
(no need to take arcsine all we will care about is whether sign turns out positive or negative)
do this for each of the other 4 points, and add up the values.
If final sum is positive, you went clockwise, negative, counterclockwise
Start at one of the vertices, and compute the angle subtended by each side.
The first and the last will be zero (so skip those); for the rest, the sine of the angle will be given by the cross product of the normalizations to unit length of (point[n]-point) and (point[n-1]-point).
If the sum of the values is positive, then your polygon is drawn in the anti-clockwise sense.
Find the vertex with smallest y (and largest x if there are ties). Let the vertex be A and the next vertices in the list be B and C. Now compute the sign of the cross product of AB and AC. See this.
I guess this is a pretty old question, but I'm going to throw out another solution anyway, because it's straightforward and not mathematically intensive - it just uses basic algebra. Calculate the signed area of the polygon. If it's negative the points are in clockwise order, if it's positive they are counterclockwise. (This is very similar to Beta's solution.)
Calculate the signed area: A = 1/2 * (x1*y2 - x2*y1 + x2*y3 - x3*y2 +... + xn*y1 - x1*yn)
Or in pseudo-code:
Note that if you are only checking the ordering, you don't need to bother dividing by 2.
this is my solution using the above suggestions
find the center of mass of these points.
suppose there are lines from this point to your points.
find the angle between two lines for line0 line1
than do it for line1 and line2
if this angle is monotonically increasing than it is counterclockwise,
else if monotonically decreasing it is clockwise
else (it is not monotonical)
you cant decide, so it is not wise


Natural Materials
What Are Natural Materials?
Natural materials can be classified in geological materials and biological materials that are connect by water: rock – gravel – sand – clay – water – grass – bamboo – palm – conifer – broad-leafed trees. Geological materials are borrowed from the earth and will eventually return to the earth. Biological materials are pulled out of their life-cycle and susceptible to temperature, moisture, bacteria and fungus. A list of minor materials ads on: natural tar, gums, saps, shells, resins, beeswax, plant and animal oils, wool, skins and others. (Evans 2002: 15).
The "natural" in natural materials implies that the materials have not been processed industrially. When we build, we always modify the materials we find and process them to a certain degree. Strictly speaking, only if I moved into a hollow tree or a cave, would I live in a Natural Building. Ianto Evans defines natural materials as "materials that, even processed, retain their essential nature". (Evans 2002: 14)
Hence, a tree cut down on site -whether with a chainsaw or a hand sawand milled square is still a natural material because of the personal involvement in the process and the respect for the tree. If a lumber company clear cuts a forest and hauls away the trees on a big truck, "the wood's naturalness diminishes drastically", says Ianto Evans (2002:14).
In the following, we will focus on the most common natural building materials: clay, sand, and straw.
Clay is the most complex and critical ingredient of our building materials. Building soil or loam is not a standardized material, but a mixture of clay, silt and sand and can also contain bigger particles like stones and gravel. Different clays have different characteristics and therefor it's essential to understand the properties of clay and modify it by additions if necessary.
Clay is decomposed rock, it is made up of little platelets of hydrous aluminum silicates and held together by water molecules (Evans et al. 2002: 121). It's not only the size that distinguishes clay from other "dirt", it's also its molecular and chemical properties. Clay particles are electrically charged what makes them adherable and attractive to other molecules like water. There are strong cohesive forces in clay. Since the particles are much smaller than those of sand for example, there is more surface area for water to adhere.
The crystalline structure of clays share a code that is supposed to be similar to that of DNA, the building block of life. Clay might have been one of the prime ingredients of the "primordial soup" in which life originated (Denzer 2007: 24). Also in the Book of Genesis, God created Adam out of clay.
When working with earth as a building material, you face 3 main challenges, in comparison to conventional building materials: First, clay is not a standardized material and needs to be tested before use. Second, it can absorb a lot of water and it shrinks 5 – 15% when it dries, leading to cracks if there isn't enough sand added. Third, earth is not waterproof and must therefor be protected from rain and frost (if wet).
The function of clay in earth building:
Binder. Clay is the sticky glue in our mix, it is the bonding agent. If you compare your building mix with a rock wall, clay is the mortar and sand is the rock. It's the clay, that holds your materials together. Since clay isn't a standardized material, it's necessary to test your material before using it. It's also important to be able to differentiate clay from silt and other slippery organic matter.
There are no rules and no recipes for your mix. You need just enough clay to hold the wall together. Calculated over the thumb, you need 1 part of clay for 3-4 parts of sand. Straw is added in later as needed.
Characteristics of clay
Particle Size. Clay is a very fine material, it's size is less than 1/256 mm. Clay particles are very small but have a large surface area and a single gram of clay can have a surface that is larger than a football field (Denzer 2007: 25). Viewed under the microscope, clay is a series of tiny plates, held together by water molecules. Clay's tendency to bond with water makes it sticky. Also the flatness of the particles creates its plasticine-like and sticky properties, comparable to two sheets of wet paper. When you make the shake-test it takes coarse sand less than a second to sediment, a grain of silt a few minutes, but a fine particle of clay can take hours to years due to its shape.
Breathability. Clay has the ability to absorb and release moisture. If there is too much humidity in the air, the wall absorbs and releases it again, when the air is drier. It naturally regulates humidity in your building, what makes it a perfect material for building! It also absorbs heavy metals, toxins that are in the air or in your skin.
Healing. Clay has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal properties. Externally it can be applied on irritations of the skin the extract toxins. Mud baths are a common use of clay and offered in health spas. Internally it absorbs toxins in the stomach.
Impermeable. Water cannot penetrate heavy clay and makes it a suitable and natural option to seal ponds and damns as long as they don't dry out!
Memory. Clay remembers its form. Clay remembers the stories of the planet. I have heard a few people talk about clay having a memory. If you have experience with that, please share it with us!
The Function of Sand in Earth Building
Sand is a very stable material that gives your wall compressive strength.
Sand is an essential ingredient in cob building. The addition of sufficient sand in your building mix is one of the options to avoid cracking. Sand does not hold moisture and interlocks with each other as the clay dries.
Since sand is essentially like rock or stone, it has good thermal mass properties. It stores heat or coolth.
Caracteristics of Sand
Sand is crushed rock, broken down either mechanically with the use of machinery or naturally through the action of waves, rivers, wind or glaciers. In order of suitability, you would first choose finely crushed rock, glacial sand, river sand. Sand that has been tumbled around a lot is rather round and less suitable for building, like beach or river sand (Smith 2002: 123).
It's preferrable to use sharp sand because it interlinks with each other whereas round sand behaves like marbles, they never really want to stay on top of each other. The round particles of beach sand are more likely to slide off each other. You would also have to wash off the salt before using it.
Straw is the biological material that is used in cob building. Straw is a byproduct of grain production. It's the stalks that are left over, after the cereals have been harvested. There is not a "stitch of green" or nitrogen in it any more. Bugs and critters are not interested in straw, because there are no more nutrients, it's similar to biting into sawdust.
Oat, rye and winter wheat are the strongest straws you can find and your best choice, barley straw is ok too but can be bridle. Straw that has been grown over winter is stronger than straw that was grown in spring and summer. Rice straw is good too, it is very long and has very good tensile strength. It can be tricky to mix with your clay and sand since it tends to entangle around itself and is also very sharp and can cut your hands and feet. Combine it with a shorter straw, eg. short wheat straw (Smith 2002: 128f).
When you buy and store straw, make sure that it hasn't gotten rained on, that it had been stored in a dry place. Yourself, store it in a dry spot off the ground, indoors is best. Avoid straw to get moist as it will rott and get bridle, tarps are not perfect as a cover. They might leak and cause condensation. Buy your strawbales directly from the producer, that's cheapest and the most reliable source. Test the straw for its strength, try to break it and pull it apart. The price of strawbales fluctuates throughout the year and it's best to get them right after harvesting.
Hay is not straw. Hay is grass that was cut green and then dried. It still has a lot if nutrients in it. Just as it was starting to make its flower or fruit, it was cut. That's the point, when it has most life energy in it. Hay is intended to be animal fodder during winter.
The function of straw in earth building
whereas sand gives your wall compressive strength, straw is responsible for the tensile strength or pull-apart-strength and for the shear strength of your wall. Straw in a cob wall is like the rebar in reinforced concrete. Take 5 good stems of straw in your hand and try to pull it apart. If it is good straw, you should not be able to break it.
Straw insulates. Straw is an insulating material as it traps air in its hollow stems.
Straw reduces and disperses cracking. Like sand, straw is an aggregate that avoids cracking as clay dries.
Straw is a structural element in strawb


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Were Cavemen bisexuals?
Archeologists have discovered 3,000-year-old rock carvings that indicate habitants during that time may have been bisexuals, Gay Star News reports.
The Kangjiashimenji Petroglyphs, the rock carvings that were discovered in a remote region in northwest China in the 80s, show that bisexuality may have been normal thousands of years ago. Archaeologist Wang Binghua found the carvings but not much has been written about them. But in a new article by Mary Mycio of Slate Magazine, the writer says the carvings show 100 figures displaying bisexuality.
"The few scholars who have studied the petroglyphs think that the larger-than-life hourglass figures that begin the tableau symbolize females," Mycio writes. "They have stylized triangular torsos, shapely hips and legs, and they wear conical headdresses with wispy decorations. Male images are smaller triangles with stick legs and bare heads. Ithyphallic is archeology-talk for 'erect penis,' and nearly all of the males have one."
She goes on to stay that there is a third set of figures, which appear to be bisexual. "Combining elements of males and females, they are ithyphallic but wear female headwear, a decoration on the chest, and sometimes a mask. They might be shamans," Mycio writes.
Mycio also describes four "scenes" where nine large women and two smaller men dance hysterically "around a large ithyphallic bisexual about to penetrate a small hourglass female with an explicit vulva." In another scene, "a second bisexual in a monkey mask is about to penetrate a small, faceless female" and another shows "a chorus line of infants emerges from a small female being penetrated simultaneously by a male and a bisexual while three more ithyphallic males await their turn."
The last scene does not show any women at all.


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Climate change and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
Photo: US EPA
JANRUARY 2011 --The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (IDNL) is identified as one the top 25 US National Parks in peril due to climate disruption, according to the Rocky Mountain Climate Organization. On January 27th, 2011 more than 25 researchers, scientists, and natural resource managers convened at the IDNL training center to discuss recommendations for a strategic plan being developed for the National Lakeshore by the National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA). Topics included natural resource management, research opportunities, and how climate change might be considered in this plan. Scientests from Ecologists from The Field Museum's Division of Environment, Culture, and Conservation (ECCo) presented information on projected climate change impacts to the region and facilitated the discussion. Recommendations will appear in the NPCA strategic plan due to be completed in Summer 2011.


Are creams and lotions the same?
Asked By: Elaid Martini | Last Updated: 22nd April, 2020
Category: style and fashion skin care
4.2/5 (45 Views. 16 Votes)
Perhaps the biggest difference between lotion and cream is that lotions have a higher water content. A lotion is typically a mix of water and droplets of oil, is lighter weight than cream, and is non-greasy. Creams are thicker in consistency than lotions and provide a barrier that keeps skin ultra-hydrated.
Click to see full answer
Also, what is the main difference between a lotion and a cream?
The biggest difference between a cream and lotion is the oil content. Creams have a larger percentage of oil content and are most useful to deeply nourish and hydrate very dry skin. Creams are generally better in the winter when there is less moisture in the air, or in dry climates.
Likewise, people ask, is lotion or cream better for face?
In general, creams are better for people with dry skin while lotions are better for those with oily skin. The thicker formulas lock in moisture and/or provide a protective layer to better keep skin hydrated and supple. Thinner formulas help prevent clogged pores and acne breakouts.
What is the difference between Aveeno cream and lotion?
Each cream and lotion has its own unique composition and benefits. Lotions have a higher water percentage and, to put it simply, are droplets of oil mixed in water. Lotions tend to be light-weight, non-greasy, and are more easily absorbed into the skin. They are excellent for normal to slightly dry skin.
37 Related Question Answers Found
Can I use body cream on face?
Body Lotion.
It would be nice to just slather on one lotion and be done with it, but body lotions should NEVER be applied to your face because they're usually a lot thicker and typically contain fragrances that might irritate your facial skin. On your face, you should always use something more gentle and delicate.
Why is it called cold cream?
The emulsion is of a "water in oil" type unlike the "oil in water" type emulsion of vanishing cream, so-called because it seems to disappear when applied on skin. The name "cold cream" derives from the cooling feeling that the cream leaves on the skin. It can also be used to remove makeup and as shaving cream.
Which is more effective cream or lotion?
Because body lotion is more readily absorbed by the skin – due to its lower viscosity than cream – it's excellent for normal to slightly dry skin. It leaves a less greasy residue than cream and is ideal for use during the day and in hot summer months.
Which is better body lotion or body cream?
Body cream is heavier and contains a higher viscosity, or sticky mixture of water and oil. According to, creams penetrate the skin and provide a barrier that prevents more moisture loss from the skin than lotion. Because body cream is thicker, it is usually sold in a tub or jar container.
What ointment means?
An ointment is a smooth fatty or oily substance that is put on skin to protect it or help it heal. A range of ointments and creams is available for the direct treatment of eczema on the skin. An ointment is a smooth fatty or oily substance that is put on skin to protect it or help it heal.
What is the best face moisturizer?
To lend a helping hand, we rounded up the top picks in facial moisturizers.
 - Best Overall: Olay Regenerist Micro-Sculpting Cream.
 - Best Splurge: Crème de la Mer Moisturizing Cream.
 - Best Drugstore: Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel.
 - Best Innovation: Augustinus Bader The Cream.
 - Best for Very Dry Skin: Dr.
Where do you use body cream?
When to Apply Body Lotion and Moisturizer
Kaminer mentioned, it's best to apply body lotion and moisturizer immediately after exiting a bath or shower, while your skin is still damp. This helps to lock in the most moisture.
What is best natural face moisturizer?
The 10 Best Natural and Organic Face Moisturizers
 - Weleda Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Cream. Weleda
 - Nutrient Day Cream SPF 30. Josh Rosebrook
 - Countertime Antioxidant Soft Cream.
 - Blemish Balm.
 - Golden Hour Recovery Cream.
 - Hyaluronic Gel Moisturizer.
 - Protini Polypeptide Moisturizer.
 - The Dewy Skin Cream.
Which is better Cetaphil cream or lotion?
RazorPete. Lotions are less effective moisturizers than creams and lotions generally have more preservatives in them, due to increased water content. Cetaphil uses parabens as its main preservatives, it puts more into its lotions and less into its creams.
What is the most moisturizing ingredient?
The Best Moisturizers
Humectants, such as glycerin, sorbitol, sodium hyaluronate, urea, propylene glycol, alpha hydroxy acids, and sugars, attract water into the skin cells, causing the skin surface to swell very slightly — thus temporarily making it appear smoother and free of wrinkles.
What is the best lotion for dry skin?
16 Body Lotions and Creams to Moisturize Dry Skin
 - Kiehl's Since 1851 Crème de Corps.
 - The Body Lotion.
 - Advanced Therapy Moisturizing Lotion.
 - Skin Food Original Ultra-Rich Moisturizer.
 - Aveeno Daily Moisturizing Body Lotion.
 - Whipped Argan Oil Body Butter.
 - Shea Butter Rich Body Lotion.
 - Naked Body Butter.
What comes first moisturizer or cream?
Moisturizers help quench dry skin and can double as eye cream. Next comes moisturizer, if you need it. Not everyone does! If your skin is normal to oily, you may be able to get away with a serum alone.
What is the best lotion or cream for dry skin?
Read on for the best body lotions for dry skin.
 - Best Overall: Nécessaire The Body Lotion.
 - Best Budget: CeraVe Daily Moisturizing Lotion.
 - Best Splurge: La Mer The Body Crème Jar.
 - Best Scent: Le Labo Rose 31 Hand & Body Lotion.
 - Best Classic: Kiehl's Creme de Corps.
Is moisturizer better than lotion?
Lotions usually are a type of cream which has a lighter consistency than a moisturizer. Moisturizers, on the other hand, have a thicker consistency than lotions. They are specially designed to hydrate the skin. People who have dry skin go for heavier moisturizers to hydrate their skin more.
Which is best face cream for dry skin?
Best lightweight face cream for dry skin: Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel. Best drugstore face cream for dry skin: CeraVe Moisturizing Cream. Best pro-approved face cream for dry skin: Drunk Elephant Protini Polypeptide Cream. Best plant-based face cream for dry skin: Youth To The People Age Prevention Superfood Cream.
How do I choose lotion?
Creams are thinner, help hydrate, and are good for normal skin. Lotions are the lightest (water is their main ingredient) and are a good match for oily skin. Base the thickness of your moisturizer on when and where you use it on your body.
Should you use body lotion everyday?
If that's you, you probably don't need to moisturize every day. However, it's good to moisturize certain areas of your skin every day. You should also be moisturizing your face more often than the rest of your body (I usually stick to two times a day).


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Journal of Biomedical OpticsAdvantages of multi-color fluorescent proteins for whole-body and in vivo cellular imaging
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The revolution of in vivo cancer biology enabled by fluorescent proteins is described. The high extinction coefficients, quantum yields, and unique spectral properties of fluorescent proteins have been taken advantage of in order to visualize, in real time, the important aspects of cancer in living animals, including tumor cell trafficking, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Fluorescent proteins enable whole-body imaging of tumors on internal organs. These multicolored proteins have allowed the color-coding of cancer cells growing in vivo with distinction of different cell types, including host from tumor, with single-cell resolution.


home > archive > 2012 > this article
Obama targeting police nationwide to divert from Fast and Furious
By Rachel Alexander
web posted January 2, 2012
Either there has been a huge increase in discrimination by law enforcement during the Obama administration, or Obama is targeting law enforcement for politically motivated reasons. In the current era of heightened sensitivity to racism and police brutality, it makes no sense that abuses by law enforcement are increasing. The U.S. Department of Justice's sudden flurry of investigations finding massive amounts of discrimination and abuses by police agencies around the country is coincidentally occurring at the same time the U.S. Department of Justice is undergoing a highly publicized Congressional investigation into Fast and Furious.
Law enforcement is a natural target for the left, which often seems to prefer criminals over the police. Alleging vague charges of racism or racial profiling is becoming one of the most prevalent ways the left dishonestly demonizes and discredits its opponents. Made-up charges of racism are difficult to defend against, because almost any difference in treatment between two people of different ethnic backgrounds can be blamed on racism with no way of proving otherwise. You cannot get inside someone's head to prove that he had no racist thoughts; it is one person's word against another's.
This latest round of politically motivated investigations comes on the heels of the Obama administration suing Arizona, Utah, Alabama and South Carolina over their tough new laws against illegal immigration. Those lawsuits are mostly based on unfounded grounds of racial profiling; Arizona's law specifically includes a provision prohibiting racial profiling. The constant barrage of lawsuits is costing taxpayers exorbitant amounts of money. They're paying double; once to fund Obama's lawsuits through their federal taxes and again to defend against the lawsuits and pay any penalties through their local taxes.
The flurry of attacks on law enforcement agencies began last month on December 15, when the DOJ announced vague racial profiling accusations against Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio. The DOJ claims that the agency racially profiles more than any other police agency around the country. However, it refuses to release the "statistical study" on which the findings are supposedly based. It is widely thought that Arpaio was targeted in retaliation for enforcing laws against illegal immigration. Since Arizona has such a high percentage of Latinos, it is easy to make people think there could be discrimination. The DOJ stripped the agency of its ability to screen for illegal immigrants through the 287(g) program and is ordering Arpaio to make numerous changes, such as setting up policies against discrimination. This is redundant considering there are so many policies, rules, and laws prohibiting discrimination at every level of government.
The next day, on December 16, the DOJ released a report claiming there was evidence of "biased policing" by the Seattle Police Department, and that officers routinely and illegally use excessive force during arrests. The DOJ ordered the agency to implement onerous new regulations and procedures.
On December 19, the DOJ issued a scathing report alleging numerous civil rights violations against Latinos by the East Haven Police Department in Connecticut. Six to 15 police officers may be arrested for civil rights violations.
On December 20, the DOJ ordered the town of Rome, Wisconsin to pay a police officer $351,891 because the police department allegedly discriminated against her because she was female. The DOJ filed a complaint in federal court alleging the town violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The DOJ is currently investigating the Miami Police Department over allegations of racial discrimination in the shootings of seven black men. The Meridian Police Department and Lauderdale County Juvenile Detention Center are under investigation by the DOJ for alleged discriminatory treatment of three black youths.
There are likely more investigations on the way. The DOJ is considering launching a civil rights investigation into the Albuquerque Police Department in New Mexico, which some believe is retaliation over Mayor Richard Berry requiring the police to check the citizenship of everyone arrested. The ACLU and other activist groups are demanding a federal investigation of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department over the shooting of a black army veteran. At least two dozen members of Congress are demanding that the DOJ investigate the New York Police Department over allegedly profiling Muslims.
This is not right. The federal government should not be suing local governments. It is trampling on the rights of states and localities to conduct their own business. The Constitution grants the federal government very limited powers; the Tenth Amendment states that all powers not specifically assigned to the federal government shall be left to the states. The federal government is micromanaging local law enforcement. If there really are problems with law enforcement, Congress or local legislatures should look into them, not the partisan Executive Branch.
The Obama administration knows that investigations and lawsuits will tie up the resources of smaller law enforcement agencies so they will be unable to accomplish much else. Sheriff Joe Arpaio will not have anymore resources left to enforce illegal immigration laws and other laws the left would prefer to see ignored.
The DOJ is in no place to be criticizing other law enforcement agencies. 60 members of Congress are calling for Attorney General Eric Holder's resignation over Fast and Furious, and 75 have signed onto a House resolution vote of no confidence. But by turning the focus towards alleged wrongdoing from large police agencies like the Seattle Police Department and popular Sheriff Joe Arpaio, there will be less media coverage and public scrutiny of Fast and Furious.
Launching dubious investigations for political reasons must be curbed. The U.S. is going bankrupt. Obama is using money we don't have to attack targets that will earn him favor with his far left supporters. As the first black president, Obama should be moving the country in a direction away from racism. Instead, he is stirring it up. Congress should expand its investigation of Fast and Furious to this transparent attempt by the Obama administration to deflect away from it. ESR
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Kobo signs agreement with Blake eLearning to bring more Reading Eggs eBooks to bookstore
Toronto, Ont. – September 2, 2014 — Kobo, a global leader in eReading, today announced it has signed an agreement with Blake eLearning to make more than 120 of their award-winning Reading Eggs eBooks available to millions of Kobo Readers worldwide. For the first time, the popular Reading Eggs eBooks will be available in the digital format outside of the Reading Eggs program and are available exclusively on Kobo.
Developed by a highly experienced team of educational teachers, writers and developers, the Reading Eggs program focuses on a core reading curriculum of phonics and word memorization so that kids learn skills and strategies essential for sustained reading success. It directly supports what children learn at school and will help to improve a child's results at school.
Enjoy 4 FREE downloads now
To celebrate this exclusive partnership, Reading Eggs is offering a bundle of 4 free educational eBooks to Kobo customers – with additional free and paid titles also available at Kobo.com. Children can get started on Reading Eggs' Alphabet, Concept, Math and Leveled eBooks with the introductory title from each one free.
More about the series:
- Alphabet eBooks – Research shows that knowing the alphabet, especially the sound and shape of each letter, is a strong indicator for success at school. The 26 Reading Eggs Alphabet eBooks provide a powerful tool to help children build these skills. Building phonemic awareness – the ability to hear and say the different sounds in words – is the second skill all children need to learn to read.
- Math eBooks – Make math fun, relevant and colourful with these Math Concept eBooks. The series introduces early math concepts in a bright and stimulating format, covering early math skills such as counting, number recognition, colours, shapes and more! The 22 Reading Eggs Mathseeds Concept eBooks provide a powerful tool to help children build these skills.
- Concept eBooks – Research shows that having a rich vocabulary is a key building block for all learning. There are many simple concepts that young children need to learn and knowing these will help with success at school. The Reading Eggs Concept eBooks provide a powerful tool to help children build these skills. As children read and re-read each eBook, they are building essential early reading skills, including learning new words and matching spoken words to print.
- Leveled eBooks – Children who are beginning their reading journey need eBooks that promote reading success. The best way to achieve this is to provide children with eBooks at their reading proficiency level. Reading Eggs Leveled eBooks provide a powerful tool to help children build their early reading skills. Children can read and re-read each Leveled eBook to improve their reading fluency and experience reading success. With 10 titles at each reading level (1 – 6), the Reading Eggs Leveled eBooks provide a wealth of titles for your young reader.
Readers can enjoy these illustrated books on Kobo devices such as the full-colour Kobo Arc 7HD Android tablet, or via free reading apps available for most popular tablets and smartphones.
"We're thrilled to be teaming up with Reading Eggs for this exclusive partnership" said Antonia Fowler, Merchandiser, Children's Books, Kobo "Like Kobo, Reading Eggs are leaders in their field-perfectionists, dedicated to doing one thing better than anyone else in the world, and we truly believe this is what makes them an ideal addition to our Kids' Store educational lineup."
"The Reading Eggs program not only helps children learn to read, it also develops positive attitudes about reading and learning. It makes perfect sense to us to be working with Kobo, who share our values about the importance of reading and the desire to encourage the next generation of readers," said Matthew Sandblom, CEO, Blake eLearning.
The Kobo's Kids Store, which offer nearly 100,000 titles, makes it easier to find the next great book for children and young adult Readers, with the latest bestselling series, Read Along books, and colourful picture-books. Kobo offers parents the ability to set up dedicated accounts for their kids so that they can safely explore within the Kobo eBookstore. Kobo gives parents the ability to set spending allowances for their kids, pre-select eBooks, and adjust search settings to keep their kids reading safely. Parents can also set reading goals for kids and track their progress with engaging reading stats – all features designed to make eReading an educational, fun, and friendly experience. The dedicated Kids' Store is currently available in North America and the UK.


would in fact potentially draw more children to the streets and out of school.
 I think the idea of helping people fulfill their potential is better guidance as a goal since it necessarily includes things like meeting basic needs. It also gives people dignity and agency – they are partners, not merely recipients of aid.
 The more time I spend in the NGO world, the more I see that this is the ultimate goal. NGOs start with something like HIV treatment or de-worming, and end up expanding into things like education or economic empowerment because they see that their patients, once healthy, are still struggling to make a living.
 However, I think the way that Holden has phrased it conflates two ideas which confuses the issue. The idea is for people to achieve their full potential, regardless of what that potential is. Whether that potential is great or common is a separate value which should be discussed independently.
 I would therefore agree with Holden that the goal of aid is to help people reach their full potential, but disagree that it must be "great". Helping a rural African widow grow enough maize so that she can feed her children and earn enough to send them to school is just as noble a goal as helping young, entrepreneurial Indians start successful businesses. Perhaps there are spill-over impacts in the latter case, but I wouldn't say that one achieves more "good" (however ambiguously defined) than the other.
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The historic founding of Iowa Wesleyan College is rooted in the religious, educational and cultural aspirations of early settlers in the frontier settlement of Mt. Pleasant. Their aspirations were shaped by an impelling vision and a bold determination to build an institute of learning in the rapidly developing southeast corner of the Iowa Territory. On February 17, 1842, the Territorial Legislature granted a charter for the Mt. Pleasant Literary Institute, later named the Mt. Pleasant Collegiate Institute.
On March 8, 1843, Aristides Joel Priest Huestis, a New Englander by birth, signed a contract, the first dated document of the Institute, to act as Agent for raising money and supervising construction of the Institute Building. Three days later, four Mt. Pleasant residents donated twenty acres of land in four adjoining plots so that trustees could "within three years from this date erect a substantial building on some part of said donation, which building shall be used and forever appropriated as an institution of higher learning."
Nearly three years later, in their minutes of November 11, 1845, trustees record: "Resolved by the board of Trustees we deem it expedient to elect a faculty and open a school on the first Monday in January next." On that same date, they also named Huestis the President of the Institute. Classes began in the Institute Building, now known as Pioneer Hall, with two professors: President Huestis, who taught Natural and Moral Science and belles lettres, and Johnson Pierson, who taught ancient languages and literature. Mathematics was added to the curriculum later that year.
James Harlan was named President of the Institute in 1853. Known as a man of national and political interests, Harlan, an Iowa City lawyer and businessman, determined to advance the educational status of the Institute. He successfully raised funds to construct a second building, now Old Main, and expanded the curriculum, adding political economy and theology, as well as piano, drawing, French and German classes. At his urging, on February 15, 1855, the Institute's name was changed to Iowa Wesleyan University to emphasize its enlarged college program and its sponsorship by the Iowa Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, granted in 1849.
The first college-level graduate of Iowa Wesleyan was Winfield Scott Mayne, who earned a B.A. degree in 1856. In 1859, Lucy Webster Killpatrick was the first woman granted a B.A. degree at Iowa Wesleyan. Belle Babb Mansfield, the first woman to be admitted to the bar in the United States, graduated from Iowa Wesleyan in 1866. Susan Mosely Grandison, the first female black graduate, earned her degree in 1885. Keyroku Miazaki from Tokyo, Japan, attended 1890- 91, the first documented international student. In 1958, Iowa Wesleyan graduate James Van Allen discovered the earth's radiation belts. These radiation belts now bear his name. In October, 2007, Peggy Whitson, NASA astronaut, became the first female commander of the International Space Station. She set the U.S. record with 377 days in space on two missions: 2002 and 2007-08.
On July 1, 1912, Iowa Wesleyan University became Iowa Wesleyan College. Through the years, the College has pioneered in such features as coeducation, the laboratory approach to teaching in the sciences, and service learning, adopted in 1967. More recently it has implemented an experiential learning program that integrates its Life Skills emphases with service learning and career experience into each student's education. To prepare students for responsible citizenship and fulfilling careers, this program combines a broad-based liberal arts curriculum with community service learning opportunities and field experience in the chosen field of study.
Iowa Wesleyan maintains a close affiliation with the United Methodist Church, from which it derives its sensitivity for spiritual values in social justice and human welfare, local, national and international. In its distinctive role among the many institutions of learning in America, Iowa Wesleyan holds fast to the ideals of its founding vision, while fostering creativity and the pursuit of truth in its developing curricular framework of Learning in Community.


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Garuda Rescues Rama and Lakshman From Nagapasha Arrow Of Indrajit In Ramayana
Garuda, the divine eagle and vehicle of Vishnu, appears to rescue Rama and Lakshman who were bound by the Nagapasha Arrow of Indrajit in the Ramayana. The episode is mentioned in the Yuddha Kanda of the Ramayana. Indrajit who could not withstand the assault of Rama uses magic (Maya) to fight. He disappears into the sky and shoots arrows on Rama and Lakshman.
Both Rama and Lakshman are injured as they cannot see Indrajit and his arrows. Finally Indrajit uses the Nagapasha arrow to tie down Rama and Lakshman. Nagas or poisonous snakes form coils on the body Rama and Lakshman and they are made immobile. The poison takes effect on the brothers and both fall unconscious.
The vanarasena is worried. Sushena, the physician, asks Hanuman to bring Sanjivakarani and Vishalyakarani two herbs.
But suddenly a strong breeze appeared in the area. Mountains and trees started swaying in the strong breeze. Huge waves appeared in the ocean. Vanaras looked up and saw Garuda in the sky. He was fast approaching the brothers.
The nagas that had tied down Rama and Lakshman were trembling in fear. When Garuda came near Rama and Lakshman, the snakes fled from the bodies of the brothers.
Garuda stroked Rama and Lakshman with his hands and their wounds vanished. The brothers woke up as if from sleep healthy and with more vigor.
The brothers hugged Garuda and thanked him.
Garuda then told Rama that he and Lakshman were bound by Nagapasha arrows and only he could save them. Snakes are present in the arrow and since Garuda is their old enemy, the snakes fled on seeing him.
Garuda then flew into the sky and disappeared.
Read More From Hindu Blog


Critical thinking, Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity.
Berkshire Museum's education programs are designed to encourage students to think critically, problem-solve, and work side-by-side with their peers while taking full advantage of the Museum's unique collection, one that combines natural science, art and history. The emphasis is always on creativity and innovative thinking.


Subtle Implications
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More About This Title Subtle Implications
"Subtle Implications is a defining clarification of the human experience as presented in the story of the author?s life, and expressed in his?Theories of Everything. Through his unrelenting quest to understand and come to terms with life?s wide variety of apparently random events, he developed a methodology we can use to analyze and understand the madness. At the very least, the author offers the opportunity to gain the insight and strength needed to cope with even the worst of life?s emotionally crippling crises.
? What are the true natures of our physical and spiritual realities?
? How did our Universe begin?
? Why are we here?
? Why do bad things happen in our lives?
? What happens when we die?
? Do we live again?
Exhibited At: International book fairs


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Words, grammar, and number concepts: Evidence from development and aphasia
Rosemary Varley a1andMichael Siegal a2 a1 Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA United Kingdom
_EMAIL_ a2 Department of Psychology, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TP
Bloom's book underscores the importance of specifying the role of words and grammar in cognition. We propose that the cognitive power of language lies in the lexicon rather than grammar. We suggest ways in which studies involving children and patients with aphasia can provide insights into the basis of abstract cognition in the domain of number and mathematics.


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A saliva gland test may be enough to diagnose Parkinson's disease, a new study suggests.
The study, which will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 65th Annual Meeting in San Diego in March, found that testing a portion of a saliva gland might be a way to determine whether a person has Parkinson's.
"There is currently no diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease," study author Dr. Charles Adler, with the Mayo Clinic Arizona and a Fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, said in a statement.
"We have previously shown in autopsies of Parkinson's patients that the abnormal proteins associated with Parkinson's are consistently found in the submandibular salivary glands, under the lower jaw, and this is the first study demonstrating the value of testing a portion of the saliva gland to diagnose a living person for Parkinson's disease," Adler said.
"Making a diagnosis in living patients is a big step forward in our effort to understand and better treat patients," he added.
Adler and his team studied 15 people with an average age of 68 who had Parkinson's disease for an average of 12 years. Researchers said that the patients had responded to Parkinson's medication and did not have known salivary gland disorders.
Researchers took biopsies from two different salivary glands in each of the participants. The two glands examined in the study included the gland just beneath the lower jaw and the minor salivary gland in the lower lip.
Researchers then stained the biopsied tissue samples and looked to see whether there was any evidence of the abnormal Parkinson's protein.
Researchers noted that there was not enough sample tissue in four of the initial lower jaw biopsies to complete the tests. However, the abnormal Parkinson's protein was detected in nine of the 11, or 82 percent, of the patients with enough tissue to study.
"While still under analysis, the rate of positive findings in the biopsies of the lower lip glands appears to be much lower than for the lower jaw gland," Adler said.
Researchers said that the latest findings provide the first "direct evidence" to support the use of lower jaw gland biopsies as a diagnostic test for patients with Parkinson's disease.
"This finding may be of great use when needing tissue proof of Parkinson's disease, especially when considering performing invasive procedures such as deep brain stimulation surgery or gene therapy," he concluded.
Published by Medicaldaily.com


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The cerebral cortex, a layer of neural tissue surrounding the cerebrum of the mammalian brain, has been known to play various roles in memory, language, thought, attention, and consciousness. Up until now, no invertebrate equivalent
to the cerebral cortex has been encountered, but Detlev Arendt, Raju Tomer, and colleagues may have found an evolutionary counterpart. The obvious answer is hidden in one simple creature– the worm. Wait, what? Yeah, you heard me. The marine ragworm, found at all water depths, has been shown to possess a tissue resembling that of our mysterious cerebral cortex.
Arendt and his colleagues used a technique called cellular profiling to determine a molecular footprint for each kind of cell in this particular type of ragworm. By utilizing this technique, they were able to uncover which genes were turned on and off in each cell, providing a means for cellular categorization. Surprisingly, mushroom bodies, regions of the ragworm's brain that are thought to control olfactory senses, show a striking similarity to tissue found in our cerebral cortex. This intriguing discovery may provide remarkable insight into the evolutionary basis of what has developed into an incredibly important cerebral structure.
Read more about this review here, or see the original article in Cell.


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The Truth about Bioplastics
"There's a lot of different types of ways to make bioplastics from different sorts of plants," said Molly Morse of bioplastics start-up Mango Materials. The different types of bioplastics are essentially different materials, so they all break down differently. "Bioplastics as a whole can give people, consumers, a false sense of responsibility, and I think that's very important," said Adam Lowry of Method Home. People believe that bioplastics can be thrown in the trash and they will biodegrade in the landfill, which is not the case.