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The process of constructing the hotel results in increased runoff due to the clearance of vegetation to accommodate it. The runoff might cause additional deposition of sediments along Athol Bay, causing a modification of the shoreline. This alteration of the shoreline might lead to changes in current and water circulation in the harbour area. As a result, the sediment transport and the distribution pattern of the immediate harbour area, or indeed the entire Sydney harbour, will be negatively impacted upon because of the hotel construction.
The identified problems would have serious implications on the sea because of water pollution. This pollution would occur during the construction stage and later when the facilities are in operation. In the construction phase, pollutants like chemical waste would be released into the sea.
When the construction is complete, the marina and hotel will increase the traffic of yachts near the Taronga Zoo wharf. Yachts pose a significant threat to the sea since they might lead to extensive oil pollution in the event of an oil spill. In addition to this, the harbour will be affected by the use of seawater for heating and cooling purposes by the hotel.
The hotel will require a drainage system and a sewage treatment facility in the harbour. The pipes for these systems will run through the harbour and it is likely that an organism build-up might occur on the pipes. To deal with this, bleach will be introduced into the water to kill the organism, an action that will cause further pollution on the harbour. It is therefore evident that the construction of the marina and hotel will have a negative environmental impact on the harbour.
Impact on Flora and Fauna
Taronga stands out as a native forest endowed with some ornamental landmark plants. The site bears the indigenous smooth-barked apple tree, which characterized the eastern Athol Bay.
The distinctive flora and fauna found around the Athol Bay are likely to be damaged when trees are cleared in the construction phase. This is of concern since damage to the indigenous flora and fauna might lead to the extinction of some native species. The pollution that will occur during construction and once the marina and hotel is operation will devastate marine life.
It is important to try to assess the impact associated with a construction project and one tool to assist in this task is the Leopold matrix, which is a checklist and summary of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the construction project. The matrices provided are appropriate for EIA activities since they link specific actions in the project to a particular environmental aspect.
The Leopold Matrix was developed in the late 1960s by Leopold and his associates. The matrix was an evaluation procedure for landscape aesthetic and it served as the first systematic methodologies in the EIA field that reflected the fact that impacts result from the interaction of development activities and the environment.
Leopold's procedure is based on a large matrix of horizontal and vertical axis. There are 100 columns and 88 rows in the horizontal and vertical axis respectively with the horizontal axis representing activities that have environmental impacts while the vertical axis represent environmental quality variables such as physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and ecological.
Each identified effect is measured on a magnitude scale of 1-10; where 1 is the minimum and 10 the maximum. The matrix is an interaction matrix since each cell is divided by a diagonal line. The numerical value of the magnitude and importance of the impact is inputted in the relevant half of the cell.


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Mountain, mist, waterfall
How much do we remember about the landscape, once we have left it?
A glimpse of water here, a mountain top appearing out of the cloud over there. We remember the sudden glimpses of light over the mountains, we remember the wet feet as we wade through the bog. These multiple exposure images were made in and around Torridon and Applecross during 2016.
I enjoy using my camera as my paint brush. Unworried by having to focus the camera and using deliberate camera movement there is great freedom to make images that capture the mood and weather of the day. Making multiple exposure digital images, is like applying layer upon layer as you would overlay paint. The layers for my digital photographs are taken on the same day, in the same landscape; to capture the sense of place, to hold onto a fleeting memory.
Traditionally multiple exposure images were made on film, in the camera. Now the layering can be done in comfort,sitting in front of the fire, using software. However, there is no extraordinary manipulation, adding of texture or 'photoshopping' in these images, only the laying of one photo on top of another.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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To review measuring and comparing length, we took our math lesson out to the school garden. Using pop cubes, the students took turns estimating and then measuring the various heights of plants. They compared the pop cube lengths to one another to determine which plant was the longest and which was the shortest. While we were in the garden we reviewed the parts of the plants and how bugs and plants are interdependent upon one another.
Black and White EOY Awards
2 days ago

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, which has been classified in the family Tiliaceae, or more recently in Malvaceae.
Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibers. Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose (major component of plant fibre) and lignin (major components of wood fibre). It is thus a ligno-cellulosic fibre that is partially a textile fibre and partially wood. It falls into the bast fibre category (fibre collected from bast or skin of the plant) along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fibre is raw jute. The fibres are off-white to brown, and 1–4 metres (3–12 feet) long.
Jute fibre is often called hessian; jute fabrics are also called hessian cloth and jute sacks are called gunny bags in some European countries. The fabric made from jute is popularly known as burlap in North America.
Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water. The suitable climate for growing jute (warm and wet climate) is offered by the monsoon climate during the monsoon season. Temperatures from 20?C to 40?C and relative humidity of 70%–80% are favourable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 5–8 cm of rainfall weekly and more during the sowing period.
White jute (Corchorus capsularis)
Several historical documents (including, Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal in 1590) state that the poor villagers of India used to wear clothes made of jute. Simple hand looms and hand spinning wheels were used by the weavers, who use to spin cotton yarns as well. History also states that Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes and twines made of white jute from ancient times for household and other uses.
Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius)
Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) is an Afro-Arabian variety. It is quite popular for its leaves that are used as an ingredient in a mucilaginous potherb called molokhiya, popular in certain Arab countries. The Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible mentions this vegetable potherb as Jew's mallow.
Tossa jute fibre is softer, silkier, and stronger than white jute. This variety astonishingly showed good sustainability in the climate of the Ganges Delta. Along with white jute, tossa jute has also been cultivated in the soil of Bengal where it is known as paat from the start of the 19th century. Currently, the Bengal region (West Bengal, India, and Bangladesh) is the largest global producer of the tossa jute variety.
For centuries, jute has been an integral part of culture of Bengal, in the entire southwest of Bangladesh and some portions of West Bengal. During the British Raj in the 19th and early 20th centuries, much of the raw jute fibre of Bengal was carried off to the United Kingdom, where it was then processed in mills concentrated in
Dundee. Initially, due to its texture, it could only be processed by hand until it was discovered in that city that treating it with whale oil, it could be treated by machine The industry boomed ("jute weaver" was a recognised trade occupation in the 1901 UK census), but this trade had largely ceased by about 1970 due to the appearance of synthetic fibres.
Margaret Donnelly, a jute mill landowner in Dundee in the 1800s, set up the first jute mills in Bengal. In the 1950s and 1960s, when nylon and polythene were rarely used, one of the primary sources of foreign exchange earnings for the erstwhile United Pakistan was the export of jute products, based on jute grown in then East Bengal now Bangladesh. Jute has been called the "Golden Fibre of Bangladesh." However, as the use of polythene and other synthetic materials as a substitute for jute increasingly captured the market, the jute industry in general experienced a decline.
During some years in the 1980s, farmers in Bangladesh burnt their jute crops when an adequate price could not be obtained. Many jute exporters diversified away from jute to other commodities. Jute-related organisations and government bodies were also forced to close, change or downsize. The long decline in demand forced the largest jute mill in the world (Adamjee Jute Mills) to close in Bangladesh. Bangladesh's second largest mill, Latif Bawany Jute Mills, formerly owned by businessman, Yahya Bawany, was nationalized by the government. Farmers in Bangladesh have not completely ceased growing jute, however, mainly due to demand in the internal market. Between 2004–2010, the jute market recovered and the price of raw jute increased more than 500%.
Jute has entered many diverse sectors of industry, where natural fibres are gradually becoming better substitutes. Among these industries are paper, celluloid products (films), non-woven textiles, composites (pseudo-wood), and geotextiles.
In December 2006 the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 to be the International Year of Natural Fibres, so as to raise the profile of jute and other natural fibres.
Jute is a rain-fed crop with little need for fertilizer or pesticides. The production is concentrated in Bangladesh and some in India, mainly Bengal. The jute fibre comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. The fibres are first extracted by retting. The retting process consists of bundling jute stems together and immersing them in low, running water. There are two types of retting: stem and ribbon. After the retting process, stripping begins. Women and children usually do this job. In the stripping process, non-fibrous matter is scraped off, then the workers dig in and grab the fibres from within the jute stem. India, Pakistan, China are the large buyers of local jute while Britain, Spain, Ivory Coast, Germany and Brazil also import raw jute from Bangladesh. India is the world's largest jute growing country.
No symbol = official figure, F = FAO estimate, A = Aggregate (may include official, semi-official or estimates);
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division
Jute is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton; not only for cultivation, but also for various uses. Jute is used chiefly to make cloth for wrapping bales of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse cloth. The fibres are also woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum.
While jute is being replaced by synthetic materials in many of these uses, some uses take advantage of jute's biodegradable nature, where synthetics would be unsuitable. Examples of such uses include containers for planting young trees, which can be planted directly with the container without disturbing the roots, and land restoration where jute cloth prevents erosion occurring while natural vegetation becomes established.
The fibres are used alone or blended with other types of fibres to make twine and rope. Jute rope has long been popular in Japan for use in bondage. Jute butts, the coarse ends of the plants, are used to make inexpensive cloth. Conversely, very fine threads of jute can be separated out and made into imitation silk. As jute fibres are also being used to make pulp and paper, and with increasing concern over forest destruction for the wood pulp used to make most paper, the importance of jute for this purpose may increase. Jute has a long history of use in the sackings, carpets, wrapping fabrics (cotton bale), and construction fabric manufacturing industry.
Traditionally jute was used in traditional textile machineries as textile fibres having cellulose (vegetable fibre content) and lignin (wood fibre content). But, the major breakthrough came when the automobile, pulp and paper, and the furniture and bedding industries started to use jute and its allied fibres with their non-woven and composite technology to manufacture nonwovens, technical textiles, and composites. Therefore, jute has changed its textile fibre outlook and steadily heading towards its newer identity, i.e., wood fibre. As a textile fibre, jute has reached its peak from where there is no hope of progress, but as a wood fibre jute has many promising features.
Jute can be used to create a number of fabrics such as Hessian cloth, sacking, scrim, carpet backing cloth (CBC), and canvas. Hessian, lighter than sacking, is used for bags, wrappers, wall-coverings, upholstery, and home furnishings. Sacking, a fabric made of heavy jute fibres, has its use in the name. CBC made of jute comes in two types. Primary CBC provides a tufting surface, while secondary CBC is bonded onto the primary backing for an overlay. Jute packaging is used as an eco-friendly substitute.
Diversified jute products are becoming more and more valuable to the consumer today. Among these are espadrilles, floor coverings, home textiles, high performance technical textiles, Geo textiles, composites


Posted in coaching
the weird law of the poor man's daughter
It's easy to pluck Scripture out of its context—especially when it comes to the weird laws. Weird laws are challenging because sometimes one word can carry different meanings.
Take for example, the word "sell." We all know what that means! But "to sell" also means "to persuade." You can even "sell the game" by playing badly. For the Brits, "California is a bit of a sell" (a disappointment). Then add the word "slave." This Hebrew word (evid) also means "servant" (e.g., Moses was an "evid of God").
So "if a man sells his daughter as a slave," what does that mean (Exodus 21:7-11)?
The context of this law is "debt servitude." Debt servitude was the only option for families who could not pay their debts and found themselves living in poverty. So "if a man sells his daughter as a slave," it is in the context of debt servitude—not sex trafficking. But even so, why would a family in dire, financial straits do this? In the ancient world, females were particularly vulnerable. They had no career paths to take. Insert poverty to the mix and you have a crisis.
A careful reading of the text reveals that a poor man's daughter could be "sold" to a fellow as a "maidservant." Notice the poor father's expectation in the deal: either the gentleman or his son will marry her. If neither one ties the knot with his daughter ("she does not please" them), the gentleman has acted deceitfully, that is, "he has broken faith with her," as Moses puts it. The gentleman must give his maidservant back to her family ("let her be redeemed"). The law of the poor man's daughter provided hope and protection for young women with no resources, no future, nothing.
If the gentleman does marry her, and another woman, the poor man's daughter retains all the privileges of a wife—including conjugal rights. Yes, the law of the poor man's daughter ensured sexual gratification for her. She was not a sex slave. She was not owned property. If the arranged marriage was not fulfilled, she was free to leave. That, my friends, is not slavery.
Although it's easy to assume the meaning of words and difficult to understand the ancient custom of arranged marriages, it is simply irresponsible to twist the law of the poor man's daughter into an issue of human trafficking.
God's laws protected the dignity and rights of ancient society's most vulnerable. Apparently, the Bible's weird law of the poor man's daughter isn't so weird after all.
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FIELD, ELEAKIM, iron producer and founder; fl. 1831–35 in Upper Canada.
During the early 19th century there were numerous attempts to establish ironworks in Upper Canada, but capital costs were high and most projects failed. The expectation of profits, however, was a powerful lure and entrepreneurs, usually American, were often ready to take the risk. The Colborne Iron Works (also known as the Colborne Furnace) in Gosfield Township, Essex County, is a good example of a foundry and also of a rarer enterprise, a blast-furnace for smelting. Certain that the area abounded with iron ore of the first quality, Eleakim Field and Benjamin Parker Cahoon opened the Colborne works about 10 Oct. 1831. According to the local newspaper, the partners were "well acquainted with their business, having been for many years conducting works" in Ohio. They were convinced of the superiority of the local ore and confident that it could be worked to "much greater profit."
Colborne Iron Works was located a mile from the deposits of ore. By the fall of 1831 one blast-furnace was in operation and the works was producing from four to five tons of pig-iron daily. Because no suitable streams were located near by to operate a blower for the air blast, power for the furnace blower was produced by a 15-horsepower steam-engine. The necessity of using steam rather than water power added about $3,000 annually to the costs of production. Limestone, to aid in reduction of the iron ore, and sand for casting were available on the site. The furnace used about 500 bushels of charcoal daily, which was manufactured at the works using local timber; yearly requirements were estimated at approximately 200 acres of forest, and in return for timber, the partners offered to clear neighbours' property. A travel guide pointed to this feature of the operation as an inducement to potential settlers.
The complex, which was later described as "rude but extensive," consisted of a casting house (60 feet square), two dwelling houses, two bunkhouses, and a blacksmith's shop. It provided employment for 60 to 70 men; wages were said by the newspaper to be "liberal." Although no castings were made in the fall of 1831, sufficient pig-iron was produced to allow exports to York (Toronto) where, apparently, there was a great demand. On 1 March 1832 Field and Cahoon placed advertisements in Kingston, York, Hamilton, and Sandwich (Windsor) newspapers indicating their readiness to furnish pig-iron and, at the opening of navigation, castings. They claimed that their products – stoves and hollow-ware – were "manufactured from the first quality of Iron, and in workmanship that shall not be surpassed by any other manufactory in or out of the Province." Although there were Upper Canadian rivals for the provincial market, such as Joseph Van Norman*, it seems clear that the major competition was from American producers, particularly those who marketed in Buffalo, N.Y. The partners offered, they said, "a better article... at least as cheap as Buffalo prices" and hoped therefore to "keep so much capital in the Province."
The enterprise was, however, troubled by financial difficulties. As a result of two small judgements against the partners in January 1835, the sheriff seized their real and personal estate. On his own account, Field had lost a suit to a creditor for more than £444. Unable to give satisfaction he fled to the United States never, apparently, to be heard of again. On 2 February James Dougall*, a Sandwich merchant, won a judgement against the partners for £603 10s. 2d. The partnership was dissolved on 9 February and Cahoon assumed the debts. The works was sold and, after extensive repairs and additions, reopened in June, but the operation was in serious difficulty. Cahoon retained some equity in it, and perhaps served in a managerial capacity as well, until 1839 when he, too, fled south to escape creditors. Francis Xavier Caldwell*, who was liable for a portion of his debts, consequently suffered a severe financial blow. William Henry Smith*'s gazetteer of 1852 noted that the furnace "has ceased working for some time."
The career of most iron founders and smelters in Upper Canada was precarious. In 1835 Amos Horton, a Toronto founder, appeared before the House of Assembly's committee on trade. He urged barriers against American iron products, arguing the need for a protective tariff to nurture provincial iron manufacturers. He was, however, happy to rely on imports of American pig-iron, although he admitted "Gosfield Iron is the strongest I know of, I think it surpasses both the Scotch and Welsh pig iron, no.1." In contrast, blast-furnace operators wanted restrictions on both pig-iron and castings. Field and Cahoon had operated at a double disadvantage. As iron founders, they had to compete with cheaper American goods; as iron producers, they could not rely on the loyalty of their supposed natural customers, the Upper Canadian iron founders.
Successful and stable iron foundries were, however, not long in coming. James Bell Ewart* and Edward Gurney* were but a few of the men who established thriving operations in the 1830s and 1840s primarily in the Hamilton–Dundas area. Profitable and enduring iron and steel production would not come to Ontario until the Hamilton Blast Furnace Company [see John C. Milne*] opened in 1895.
AO, Hiram Walker Hist. Museum coll., 20–85; RG 1, A-I-6: 20848–49; A-II-2,1: 10–11; RG 22, ser.131, 4: f.1 10. Hugh Murray, An historical and descriptive account of British America... (3v., Edinburgh, 1839). U.C., House of Assembly, App. to the journal, 1835, no.11, "The second report of the committee on trade," 3. Canadian Emigrant, and Western District Commercial and General Advertiser (Sandwich [Windsor, Ont.]), 23 Feb., 1 March 1832; 14, 21 Feb., 13 June 1835; 3 May 1836. Illustrated historical atlas of the counties of Essex and Kent (Toronto, 1880; repr. 1973). W. H. Smith, Canada: past, present and future... (2v., Toronto, ; repr. Belleville, Ont., 1973–74), 1: 27. W. L. Baby, Souvenirs of the past, with illustrations: an instructive and amusing work, giving a correct account of the customs and habits of the pioneers of Canada... (Windsor, 1896), 121.


Tips to prepare for your training event
As a trainer, it is good to ensure that your participants stroll into a calm and relaxed ambience that is ready for learning. The training room is the very first thing that greets them and form an impression on you. It also shows your participants whether you took effort to get ready the training room for them.
Almost every trainer must have encountered at least one training 'mishap', for example the room air con is not working, the projector cannot be on and so forth. Hence, what are the questions to consider prior to your training event?
1. Date of event
When is the date of event? Do you have other assignments that lead to you not being able to meet the deadline of the training event? Do you have ample time to look through your materials or refresh or add to your training materials before your training event?
2. Location of training event
Is the location of the training event easily accessible? Have you provided sufficient location directions like nearest mrt station, bus stops, landmarks to help your participants to find the location
3. Training Room Rental Company Information
Do you have the rental company's telephone? Is there someone to assist you if you encounter any issues with the setup of
the training room?
4. Training Materials and Resources
How do you get your training materials to your event? Is drinking water provided by the training room rental company or do you have to purchase?
5. Room Arrangements
Your room will have great impact on your training event success. Do consider arranging the room to support the learning goals and level of participation that you desire. There are many types of room configurations available and depending on your objective of the training session, it should be tailored and adjusted accordingly.
6. Size of Room
It doesn't mean that a room size that is large means that it is good for your training, vice versa. For example, if the training event comprises of many small group activities, you have to ensure that there is sufficient space in the room. Otherwise, arrange for additional smaller breakout rooms during your breakout sessions.
7. Convenience
Is the lunch venue, washroom convenient to your participants? This will ensure that your participants return on time after their breaks or meals.
8. Phone and Emails
In order to have a successful and engaging training event, do remind your participants to turn off their hand phone or minimally turn off the ringer so that any phone calls do not disturb the session.
9. Email Reminder
It is recommend to send an email or sms reminder to your participants one week and one day before your training event. This will help to ensure a high turnup rate.
10. Room temperature
There will be no 'perfect' room temperate that can please everyone. However, it will be helpful if you set the temperature at about 24-25 degree celsius. In addition, also inform the participants to bring along a sweater just in case they find the room to cold for their liking.
If you want to let your participants enjoy a cozy, spacious and conducive training event, do consider renting from us as we offer very affordable training room and seminar room rental rates.


The Bolson Tortoise project was featured on NPR's 90 Second Naturalist podcast, which provides a daily glimpse into the natural world from Thane Maynard, President of the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden.
The largest and rarest of the five North American tortoise species, the bolson tortoise is thought to have once lived throughout most of the Chihuahuan desert, but its current range is restricted to a small area in north central Mexico where the states of Durango, Chihuahua, and Coahuila meet. In an effort to prevent the species' extinction, TESF is working towards establishing free-ranging bolson tortoise populations on the Ladder and Armendaris Ranches in New Mexico, which lie at the northern tip of the tortoise's prehistoric range. In May 2017, Turner released the first captive-born Bolson Tortoises in the United States, 10 to 15 thousand years after they disappeared from the area.


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- Daimabad Bronze industry
- Lothal Factory for stone tools and metallic finished goods.
- Balakot Pearl finished goods, bangle and shell industry
- Chanhudaro Beads and bangles factory
- Lothal (artificial dockyard) – Surkotada, Sutkagendor, Prabspattan, Bhatrao, Kalibangan, Dholavira, Daimabad were coastal towns of the civilisation.
- Major Exports Agricultural products, cotton goods, terracotta figurines, pottery, stetite beads (from Chanhudro), conch-shell (from Lothal), ovory products, copper etc.
|Gold||Kolar (Karnataka),Afghanistan, Persia (Iran)|
|Silver||Afghanistan, Persia (Iran), South India|
|Copper||Khetri (Rajasthan), Baluchistan, Arabia|
|Lapis Lazuli and Sapphire||Badakhshan (Afghanistan)|
|Steatite||Shaher-i-Sokhta, Kirthar Hills|
Art and Craft
- Harappans used stone tools and implements and were well acquainted with bronze. Bronze was made by mixing copper (from Khetri) with tin.
- Boat making, jewellery of gold, silver precious stone and bead making was practiced. Cotton fabrics were used in summer and woollen in winter.
- Both men and women were very fond of ornaments and dressing up.
- Pottery both plain (red) or painted (red and black) pottery was made. Pots were decorated with human figures, plants, animals and geometrical patterns and ochre was painted over it.
- Seals were made of steatite pictures of one horned bull (the most), buffalo, tiger, rhinocerous, goat and elephant are found on the seals. They marked ownership of property.
- Mesopotamian seals were found from Mohenjodaro and Kalibangan; Persian seal from Lothal. Most important one is Pasupati seal.
- Metal images Bronze image of nude woman dancer (identified as devdasi) and stone steatite image of a beared man (both obtained from Mohenjodaro).
- Terracotta figurines Fire baked clay was used to make toys, objects of worship, animals (monkey, dogs, sheep, cattle, humped and humpless bulls), cattle toys with movable head, toy-carts, whistles shaped like birds and both male and female figurines.
- They played dice games. Gambling was favourite time pass. No clear evidence of music.
- Chief Female Diety A terracotta figure where a plant ishwon growing out of the embryo of a woman, represents Mother Goddess (Goddess of Earth).
- Chief Male Diety Pashupati Mahadeva (Proto-Shiva), represented in seals as sitting in a yogic posture on a low throne and having three faces and two horns. He is surrounded by an elephant, a tiger, a rhino and a buffalo and two dear appear at his feet.
- Lingam and yoni worship was prevalent. Trees (pipal), animals (bulls, birds, dove, pigeon) unicorn, and stones were worshipped. No temple has been found though idoltary was practised.
- Indus people believed in ghosts and evil forces and used amulets as protection against them. Fire altars are found at Lothal and Kalibangan.
- Evidence of snake worship is also found.
- General practice was extended inhumation in North-South direction.
- Mohenjodaro Three forms of burial complete, fractional and post cremation.
- Kalibangan Two forms of burial-circular and rectangualr grave.
- Surkotada Pot-burial, Dholavira-Megalithic burial.
- Lothal Double burial
- Harappa East-West axis; R-37 and H cementary.
- It was pictographic in anture. Fish symbol is most represented.
- Overlapping of the letters show that it was written from right to left in the first line and then left to right in the second line. the style is called Boustrophedon.
Decline of the Cuvilisation
The Harappan culture flourished about 1800 BC, then it began to decline. There is no unanimity among historians regarding reason fro the decline of this urban civilisation. there are many different theories that shows the decline of the Indus culture.
|Theory||Reasons for Decline|
|Gorden Childe HT, Lambrick Kur, Kendey Orell and AN Ghosh||External aggression, Unstable river systems, Natural calamity and Climate change|
|R Mortimer Wheeler, Robert Raiker, Sood & Aggarwal||Aryan invasion, Earthquake, Dryness of river and Ecological imbalance|
Important Harappan Sites
|Harappa (Gateway city)||2 row of granaries with brick platform, work men's quarter, stone symbol of lingam and yoni, virgin-Goddess, clay figures of mother Goddess, wheat and barley in wooden mortar, copper scale and mirror, vanity box, dice. Sculpture Dogs chasing a deer (bronze), nude male and nude dancing female (stone), red sand stone male torso.|
|Mohenjodaro (Mound of the Dead)||The great bath, The great granary (largest building), multi-pillared assembly hall, college, proto-Shiva seal, clay figures of mother Goddess, Dice. Sculpture Bronze dancing girl, steatite image of bearded man.|
|Kalibangan (Black Bangle)||Decorated bricks, bangle factory, wheels of a toy cart, wells is every house. Remains of a massaive brick wall around both the citadel and lower town (lower town of Lothal is also fortified), bones of camel, tiled floor, Mother Goddess figurines are absent here.|
|Chanhudaro (lancashire of India)||Inkpot, lipstick, carts with seated driver, ikkas of bronze, imprint of dog's paw on a brick. Only city without Citadel.|
|Daimabad||Bronze images of Charioteer with chariot, ox, elephants and rhinoceros.|
|Amri||Actual remains of Rhinoceros.|
|Alamgirpur||Impression of cloth on a trough|
|Lothal (Manchester of Indus Valley Civilisation)||Rice husk, fire altars, grinding machine, tusks of elephant, granomy, terracotta ship, houses with entrance on main streets, impressions of cloth on some seals, modern day chess, instrument for measuring 180 and 90 and 45 degree angles.|
|Ropar||Buildings made of stone and soil. Dog buried with human. One inscribed steatite seal with typical Indus pictographs, oval pit burials.|
|Banawali||Oval shaped settlement, only city with radial streets, lack of systematic drainage pattern. Toy plough, largest number of barley grains.|
|Surkotada||Both Citadel and lower town fortified with stone wall. First actual remains of horse bones. Cemetry with for pot burials.|
|Dholavira||Only site to be divided into 3 parts. Giant water reservoir, unique water harnessing system, dams and embankments, a stadium, rock-cut architecture.|
|Sutkagendor||Two fold division of township-Citadel and lower town.|
Possible Causes of Disappearance
- Famine, hunger, drought
- Ecological factors/ Natural disasters (flood, typhoon, earthquake, volcanic eruption etc.)
- Periodic flooding of indus leading to desertion of cities.
- Invasions by another civilization Aryans.
Indus Valley Civilization PDF Download
You can also download Indus Valley Civilization PDF on clicking below link.
Indus Valley Civilization Multi Choice Questions (MCQ)
Please practice below questions also by clicking on below link.
All the best for your upcoming exam!
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Its festive season, Christmas and New Year is the season of Hope and Happiness, it's time to spread happiness and celebrate the joy of giving! At a time, when there is so much hatred around in the world, unrest, it's necessary to teach our children to be compassionate towards one another. At VIBGYOR, we start sensitising our students about various social concerns at an early age to help them become sensible future citizens of the world.
To spread a smile and share the joy of the festive season, VIBGYOR Rise students visited "AaS" (Awareness to the Society) orphanage this week. The visit was conducted as a part of 'Celebrate the Joy of Sharing' activity. Our students donated stationery items, books, blankets, toys, cloths, etc. to the children. VIBGYOR staff guided children at Aas about "Importance of Sport's in Life" and "Reduce the use of single-use plastic".
Children of "Aas orphanage" welcomed VIBGYOR students with a smile. The atmosphere was fun-filled and joyous as everyone warmed up to each other. The students interacted with each other and shared their experiences.
Principal, Dr. Abhishek Sharma said, "It is not the gift but the thought that counts. On a Christmas Eve, every child wishes for a gift from Santa. This was a chance for our students to be the Santa for a cause. Students are extremely happy after spending time with the kids of "Aas Orphanage". This activity was aimed at inspiring one and all to give in whatever way they choose and to celebrate the feeling of giving. At VIBGYOR, we start sensitising our students at an early age about various social concerns and their surroundings."


text: Define and discuss the differences between operating, investing, and financing activities. You are here: Home / Posts / Define and discuss the differences between operating, investing, and financing activities. Any more info on this question(required) Email(valid email required) Upload a file if you must Upload a second file if you must Upload a third file if you must Least number of references needed? Optimum - no extra charges Atleast 4 Atleast 6 ATleast 8 Atleast 10 Atleast 12 Atleast 14 Any specific sources for referencing? Request a specific tutorenter ID - Any final specifications for your tutor - before moving to Step 2?-your message will be passed on to your tutorcforms contact form by delicious:days January 11, 2012 Categories: General Questions Define and discuss the differences between operating, investing, and financing activities. Explain cost volume profit analysis, including an explanation of the calculation and the components. In what three ways can the contribution margin be useful in cost volume profit analysis? What does the term break even point mean? Name the two ways it can be measured. Explain the purpose and format of the statement of cash flows. Also describe its relevance to decision makers.


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Barton, D, Appleby, Yvon, Hodge, R, Trusting, K and Ivanic, R
Relating adults' lives and learning: participation and engagement in different settings.
National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy, London.
- Published Version
Official URL: _URL_
This report shows how an understanding of language, literacy andnumeracy as social practices can help practitioners to take account oflearners' lives. It demonstrates how people's histories, currentcircumstances and imagined futures can shape their learning andaffect their level of engagement. The study is based on the research ofthe Adult Learners' Lives project in community settings in Blackburn,Lancaster and Liverpool.
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ABSTRACT: The coral reefs in New Caledonia have long been used by the local population for subsistence as well as commercial and recreational purposes. The impact of informal fisheries on reef ecosystems illustrated the idiosyncrasies of New Caledonian fisheries in the southwest Pacific. This paper compared informal fishery systems on the southwest coast (close to the capital and economic center of the country) and the northwest coast (where an industrial mining complex has been under development) of New Caledonia to analyze their spatial structure and characteristics. Four geosystems were defined. These depended on the natural, social and economical environments as well as management strategies. The way of life of the fishers proved to be a major factor in how the informal fishery systems were structured. Our observations suggested that ongoing socio-economic changes in New Caledonia have shaped informal fishing activities since the 1900s. The findings from this study validate the suitability of spatial approaches to coral reef fisheries and provide local stakeholders with original management clues for marine resources sustainability.
Marine pollution bulletin 01/2010; 61(7-12):585-97. · 2.63 Impact Factor


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The SD will always be equal to or larger than the mean error, but usually not too far off. For a normal distribution, the SD is 25.3% higher than the mean error, I think).
The statistical Pythagorean Theorem, then, says that if you have two independent variables, A and B, then
SD(A+B)^2 = SD(A)^2 + SD(B)^2
This is really important... I learned it in the first statistics course I took, but I finished my entire statistics degree without realizing just how important it was, and how it makes certain regression results work. I searched the internet, and I only found one page that talks about it: it's a professor from Cornell calling it "the second most important theorem" in statistics. He's right... it really is amazing, and useful, that it all works out.
In the three dice case, the Pythagorean relationship meant that each die reduced the variance by the same amount, 2.92 out of 8.75 total. That allows statisticians to say, "The blue die explains one-third of the variance. The red die explains one-third of the variance. And the green die explains one-third of the variance. Therefore, together, the three dice explain 100% of the total variance."
Because it works out so neatly, it means statisticians are going to like to talk in variances, in squares of errors instead of just errors. That's because they can just add them up, which they couldn't do if they didn't square them first.
And that's what r-squared is all about.
Let's suppose you actually ran an experiment. You got someone to run 1,000 rolls of three dice each, and report to you (a) the total of the three dice, and (b) the number on the blue die. He reports back to you with 1,000 lines like this:
Total was 13; blue die was 4
Total was 11; blue die was 6
Total was 08; blue die was 1
Total was 17; blue die was 6
With those 1,000 lines, you run a univariate regression, to try to predict the total from just the blue die. The regression equation might wind up looking like this (which I made up):
Predicted total = 6.97 + (1.012 * blue die)
(The coefficients should "really" be 7 and 1.000, but they won't be exact because of random variation in the rolls of the green and red dice.)
And the regression software will spit out that the r-squared is approximately 0.33 -- meaning, the mean square error was reduced by approximately 1/3, when you change your guess from the average (around 10.5), to "6.97 + (1.012* blue die)".
That is: "the blue die explains 33% of the variance."
This makes perfect sense. But, as I argued in my 2006 post -- and others -- the figure 33 percent is limited in its practical application. Because, in real life, you're normally not concerned about squared errors -- you're concerned about actual errors.
Suppose you can't perfectly estimate how many customers your restaurant will have. Sometimes, you order too many lobsters, and you have to throw out the extras, at a cost of $10 each. Sometimes, you order too few, and you have to turn away customers, which again costs you $10 each. Suppose the SD of the discrepancy is 10 lobsters a day.
If a statistician comes along and says he can reduce your error by 50% of the variance, what does that really mean to you? Well, your squared error was 100 square lobsters. The statistician can reduce it to 50 square lobsters. The square root of that is about 7 lobsters. So, even though the statistician is claiming to reduce your error by half... in practical terms, he's only reducing it from 10 lobsters to 7. That's an improvement of 30 percent, not 50 percent, since your monetary loss is proportional to the number of lobsters, not the number of square lobsters.
The r-squared of 50% is something that's meaningful to statisticians in some ways, but not always that meaningful to people in real life.
Statements like "the model explains 50% of the variance" are useful in certain specific ways, that I'll talk about in a future post... but it usually makes more sense, in my opinion, to think about things in lobsters, rather than in square lobsters.
Labels: regression, statistics


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On Unix, the connection capture component performing the SFTP conversion is installed from a separate installation package
ssh-tectia-capture. For installation instructions, see Chapter 2.
On Unix, the FTP-SFTP conversion activation requires defining the filter rules for SFTP conversion in the Connection Broker configuration and then running the
The FTP-SFTP conversion settings are defined in the Connection Broker configuration file. The following example configuration converts any FTP connections to port 21 on any host to SFTP, and allows falling back to plain text transfer mode in case the secure connection cannot be established. The user name and the destination host name are taken from the application that initiates the connection.

With the above configuration, you can start an FTP session for example to host address
ftp.example.org with FTP-SFTP conversion enabled by running the following command:
$ ssh-capture ftp ftp.example.org
The SSH Tectia ConnectSecure has an option to allow plaintext FTP used if the secure SFTP connection cannot be established. You can enable fallback to plaintext FTP in the configuration file as shown above and then by adding option
--fallback to the command:
$ ssh-capture -F ftp ftp.example.org
When allowing fallback to plaintext with setting
fallback-to-plain="yes", always specify the port unambiquously in the configuration. Otherwise, the connection to a plaintext FTP server may fail in passive mode file transfer.
To start a bash shell session with FTP-SFTP conversion enabled for all commands, run the following command:
$ ssh-capture bash
Note that there are limitations on capturing suid applications. For more information, see the Note about capture restrictions.


Dreamweaver CS5 Essential Training
Illustration by
Using Live View and CSS Inspect
Dreamweaver CS5 Essential Training
with James Williamson
Video: Using Live View and CSS Inspect
Once you get passed the initial page layout and start focusing on the individual content regions, the ability to make precise edits and tweaks without negatively affecting the overall design becomes critically important. Inefficient style sheets are usually the result of an individual having difficulty in styling a specific page region. To that end, being able to accurately judge how elements are interacting with one another is crucial to writing clean and accurate styles. Live View and CSS Inspect, both of which are tools in Dreamweaver related to Dreamweaver's WebKit integration, can be of tremendous help when writing your layout styles.
Expand all | Collapse all
 1. 2m 57s
 1. Welcome
 1m 8s
 2. Using the exercise files
 1m 49s
 2. 7m 50s
 1. What is Dreamweaver?
 3m 16s
 2. Learning web design
 2m 22s
 3. Current web standards
 2m 12s
 3. 43m 9s
 1. The Welcome screen
 4m 5s
 2. Windows and Mac interface differences
 2m 23s
 3. The Application toolbar
 4m 7s
 4. The Document toolbar
 4m 40s
 5. Arranging panels
 8m 19s
 6. Managing workspaces
 7m 32s
 7. The Properties Inspector
 5m 54s
 8. The Insert panel
 6m 9s
 4. 25m 45s
 1. Basic site structure
 3m 11s
 2. File naming conventions
 1m 49s
 3. Defining a new site
 4m 35s
 4. Managing sites
 4m 51s
 5. Managing files and folders
 6m 36s
 6. Working with browsers
 4m 43s
 5. 27m 21s
 1. Creating new documents
 5m 16s
 2. New document preferences
 3m 6s
 3. Setting accessibility preferences
 4m 56s
 4. Working with starter pages
 3m 46s
 5. Managing starter pages
 10m 17s
 6. 30m 2s
 1. Basic tag structure
 2m 15s
 2. Adding structure to text
 8m 20s
 3. Creating lists
 9m 59s
 4. Getting text into Dreamweaver
 5m 59s
 5. Importing Word documents
 3m 29s
 7. 1h 17m
 1. Understanding style sheets
 2m 16s
 2. The anatomy of a CSS rule
 1m 48s
 3. Setting CSS preferences
 6m 36s
 4. The CSS Styles panel
 10m 2s
 5. Controlling CSS through the Properties Inspector
 5m 14s
 6. Using the Code Navigator
 7m 21s
 7. Using CSS Enable
 6m 45s
 8. Understanding element selectors
 8m 11s
 9. Understanding class selectors
 8m 49s
 10. Understanding ID selectors
 5m 59s
 11. Understanding descendant selectors
 6m 51s
 12. Attaching external style sheets
 7m 44s
 8. 1h 47m
 1. Working with units of measurement
 7m 11s
 2. Declaring font families
 9m 39s
 3. Controlling font sizing
 9m 9s
 4. Controlling weight and style
 8m 0s
 5. Controlling line height
 8m 29s
 6. Controlling vertical spacing with margins
 12m 3s
 7. Controlling spacing with padding
 5m 39s
 8. Aligning text
 8m 26s
 9. Transforming text
 5m 36s
 10. Writing global styles
 15m 42s
 11. Writing targeted styles
 17m 37s
 9. 1h 32m
 1. Understanding image types
 5m 3s
 2. Managing assets in Dreamweaver
 12m 51s
 3. Setting image accessibility preferences
 4m 20s
 4. Setting external image editing preferences
 3m 52s
 5. Placing images on the page
 7m 37s
 6. Photoshop integration
 5m 54s
 7. Modifying Smart Objects
 5m 51s
 8. Alternate Photoshop workflows
 8m 8s
 9. Modifying image properties
 11m 14s
 10. Styling images with CSS
 7m 11s
 11. Using background graphics
 9m 3s
 12. Positioning background graphics
 11m 6s
 10. 55m 16s
 1. Link basics
 3m 37s
 2. Setting site linking preferences
 2m 14s
 3. Creating links in Dreamweaver
 11m 1s
 4. Absolute links
 5m 8s
 5. Using named anchors
 11m 19s
 6. Linking to named anchors in external files
 2m 44s
 7. Creating an email link
 5m 24s
 8. Creating CSS-based rollovers
 13m 49s
 11. 1h 34m
 1. CSS structuring basics
 2m 56s
 2. The Box Model
 13m 21s
 3. Understanding floats
 6m 53s
 4. Clearing and containing floats
 8m 56s
 5. Using relative positioning
 4m 8s
 6. Using absolute positioning
 7m 18s
 7. Creating structure with div tags
 12m 7s
 8. Styling basic structure
 10m 34s
 9. Creating a two-column layout
 10m 37s
 10. Using Live View and CSS Inspect
 7m 51s
 11. Using Browser Lab
 9m 39s
 12. 56m 22s
 1. Reviewing table structure
 7m 41s
 2. Importing tabular data
 5m 13s
 3. Creating accessible tables
 9m 56s
 4. Using thead and tbody tags
 4m 0s
 5. Basic table styling
 8m 45s
 6. Styling table headers
 7m 52s
 7. Styling column groups
 4m 22s
 8. Creating custom table borders
 5m 1s
 9. Styling table captions
 3m 32s
 13. 1h 43m
 1. How forms work
 3m 0s
 2. Reviewing form design
 3m 2s
 3. Creating accessible forms
 7m 33s
 4. Setting form properties
 4m 6s
 5. The fieldset and legend tags
 4m 32s
 6. Inserting text fields
 5m 58s
 7. Inserting list menu items
 5m 26s
 8. Inserting checkboxes
 7m 50s
 9. Inserting


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For a listing of frequently asked questions, and detailed answers, please click on the following:
For Pre-Comm Students
For Transfer Students
For Communication Majors
P/NP Policy for Remote Instruction Period (Spring 2020 and subsequent remote quarters)
It is the decision of the Department of Communication that the P/NP policy remains unchanged for Spring 2020 and subsequent remote quarters.
Our undergraduate committee came to this decision after thoroughly discussing the possible outcomes of temporarily changing these long-standing requirements.
For Pre-Comm students: Students intending to major in Communication CANNOT take any pre-major course (COMM 1, COMM 87/PSTAT 5A/PSTAT 5LS, COMM 88, COMM 89) for the P/NP grading option. You MUST take these classes for a letter grade and meet a 3.0 pre-major GPA to be eligible for the Communication major.
For Comm students: Students CANNOT take any Upper-Division Comm course (or pre-approved elective course from another department) for the P/NP grading option and earn credit toward the major. All courses taken for your major requirements must be taken for a letter grade.
It is the opinion of the committee that allowing P/NP units to count toward the pre-major or major requirements could end up causing more harm than help to students. In the pre-major, students often need the opportunity for more letter grades to meet the 3.0 pre-major GPA requirement. In the upper-division, courses taken for a letter grade in which the student earns any grade higher than an F would earn units toward the 40 required units. Students who choose the P/NP grading option and earn a grade of C- or below will earn a "NP" and will not earn units toward the major requirements. It is the opinion of the committee that students are more likely to benefit by taking courses for letter grades.
In addition to this, the grading option deadline for Spring quarter has been extended to the last day of instruction, which allows students to change the grading option for courses with optional grading. This might be beneficial to some who find themselves with a final grade of C- or below, who can still opt for a NP to keep the course from harming their GPA. If students earn a NP on their first attempt of a course (in courses that allow this grading option) they may still have the option to repeat the course for a letter grade in the future.


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Ecotourism magic in Mexican villages
The vivid colours of Belding's Yellowthroat were becoming a rare sight. Luckily, the locals of Baja California Sur seem to have taking a liking to this small bird and are now getting involved in the business of ecotourism. Find out how avian research is saving species in this Mexican state.
Todos Santos is a small coastal town at the foothills of the Sierra de la Laguna Mountains, on the Pacific coast of Mexico. For a while the village thrived as the sugarcane capital of the region. Recently declared by the government as one of the countries' Magical Villages owing to its tradition and beauty, it's now become a well-known stopover for tourists.
However, the ever-increasing tourism means that many of the natural areas around the region are becoming vulnerable to human activity. This means less land for birds and increasingly degraded landscapes. Habitat loss is especially bad for Belding's Yellowthroat Geothlypis beldingi – an endangered bird that lives in scattered patches of oases around the state. Research estimates there's only between 1000 and 2500 individuals adults left, living in an estimated of 30 km2 of fragmented habitat in 3,800 km2 of desert.
In order to protect species such as the Yellowthroat, researchers at the Laboratory of Birds of the Autonomous University of Baja California Sur (UABCS) in collaboration with Pronatura Noroeste (BirdLife in Mexico) are developing models for sustainable business based on scientific research in order to safeguard bird habitats. Their objective: to include people in their equation.
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Helping people to help nature
The Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas (IBA) Programme reveals that the State of Baja California Sur holds most important places for birds in Mexico, sites which could be lost if development continues in the same vein.
Looking for solutions that could work both for nature and people, UABCS' research has generated a database of the natural conditions that are necessary to develop birdwatching tourism in the state. With this knowledge, they are training locals as specialised guides that are able to detect and identify birds of interest, without harming nature.
"The scientific knowledge generated at the UABCS is passed on to rural communities through ecotourism programmes organised by Pronatura, creating an environmentally friendly activity that is economically viable," said Dr. Roberto Carmona Piña, Professor and Researcher at UABCS.
The economic benefits go directly to rural communities that offer their birdwatching guide services. Indirectly, various service providers such as hotel and restaurant owners and local artists benefit from the programme too.
"The key point is to give an alternative to people. We tell them 'Do not disturb nature and in return you will get an economic benefit thanks to ecotourism'," he concluded.
Basic research methods used for complex issues
The bird research carried out by UABCS mainly consists of monitoring, surveys and analysis of biological characteristics. These data allow specialists to know the general status of populations and generate models of distribution and abundance that can be used for conservation purposes.
''We carry out bi-weekly and monthly monitoring - it varies depending on the species and season. We conduct tours and identify fixed points for critical or rare species and count the number of individuals," said Roberto Carmona Piña.
So far UABCS has records of about 450 bird species in the region, of which three are endemic species: Xantus's Hummingbird Basilinna xantusii, Grey Thrasher Toxostoma cinereum and the aforementioned Belding's Yellowthroat Geothlypis beldingi.
These science-based studies have also laid the foundation to manage conservation projects for the governments' Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources, mainly related to endemic birds of Baja California Sur.
"On top of the research aspect we are looking at the technical and management side of things to achieve a protected area for the Belding's Yellowthroat in Todos Santos. This would allow us to conserve the species through management plans with the support of the government",
said González Carrillo, Legal Representative at Pronatura.
Through these outreach programs and by sharing knowledge with the locals, Pronatura has seen how the residents of Todos Santos are increasingly interested in saving the Belding's Yellowthroat. Down the street, you can hear the locals say how they'd love to turn this yellow beauty into the emblem of their magical town.


The Rewards of an Engaged Female Workforce
By Matt KrentzClaire TraceyMiki TsusakaRainer StrackJennifer Garcia-AlonsoDiana Dosik, and Julie Kilmann
Our analysis of the factors that contribute to engagement among approximately 345,000 individuals reveals the scope of the issue. It also suggests how companies can respond. By rewriting the rules for how employees interact with each other and with management, fostering peer-to-peer connections, and making leaders accountable for results, companies can create a more engaging environment—not only for senior-level women but for all employees.
A Growing Gender Gap in Engagement
Among both men and women, engagement typically increases with rising seniority. As people take on greater responsibility and have more direct interaction with the C-suite, they tend to become more engaged. Our data shows that companies with the highest overall engagement scores (those in the top quartile) do not have a gender gap.1 Notes: 1 Overall engagement is a composite score that measures the degree to which the respondent is "satisfied to work at the company," "proud to work at the company," and "likely to recommend the company to friends as a great place to work." Women and men at all levels are equally engaged. Yet companies with lower overall engagement—those in the remaining quartiles—show a notable gender gap. (See Exhibit 1.) In other words, when companies get engagement right, everyone benefits. When they don't, senior women feel the pain disproportionately.
The data we've collected on seven areas critical to employee engagement highlights the problem. We have ranked these areas on the basis of their relative importance among the employees we surveyed. For all seven areas, our findings focus primarily on the companies with lower overall engagement scores (those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles). (See Exhibit 2.)
1. Appreciation. Women cite appreciation for their work from their superiors as the top criterion they look for in a job—as do men. In lower-engagement companies, senior women report feeling less appreciated. On questions concerning whether their opinions count and whether managers recognize and comment when they do good work, senior women's scores are considerably lower than those of their male peers.
2. Work-Life Balance. Work-life balance or flexibility is the second-most-important factor for both women and men. As men rise in seniority, they report more support from their colleagues for their nonwork obligations, while women report the opposite. To look more closely at this discrepancy, we partnered with InHerSight, a US-based website that solicits ratings from employees about their employers. The data is clear: even the best programs will not improve engagement if they don't offer what employees want. Flexible working hours and paid time off rate relatively high (roughly 3.1 out of 5); other work-life-balance programs—such as maternity and adoptive leave, family growth support, and wellness initiatives—rate lower (roughly 2.6). This data is US-focused, but BCG's global data points to similar conclusions: companies seeking to improve employees' work-life balance can do better. As always, the devil is in the details. Even the best programs will not improve engagement if companies don't get the implementation right.
3. Cooperation and Good Relations with Colleagues. Women and men alike cite a strong relationship with colleagues as the third-most-important factor. Again, we see troubling results for senior women in the lower-engagement companies. They are more skeptical about whether their managers behave honestly with them and with others. And they report lower scores than senior men on the question of whether "people in my department trust and support each other" and whether "processes make it easy to work well with other departments." In contrast, men's scores in these areas increase markedly with seniority.
4. Mentorship, Sponsorship, and a Strong Relationship with Managers. Junior women in all companies report a positive experience with mentoring. Senior women at lower-engagement companies are less satisfied. In terms of receiving help with their professional growth, women's scores remain flat as they increase in seniority, even as men's scores rise steadily. When asked whether "my manager is a good mentor to me," men's positive responses increase with rising seniority twice as fast as women's do. The pattern is the same for trust—a key component of mentorship and sponsorship. Senior women's ratings fall behind those of men in areas such as "my manager cares about my well-being" and "my manager is open to receiving feedback from me."
5. Compensation and Promotion Opportunities. Women want good pay, and, like men, they expect pay to be correlated with performance. Junior women are as confident as their male peers—or slightly more so—that their compensation accurately reflects performance. But this confidence rises less quickly for women as their seniority increases than it does for men. Even more concerning, men's scores on the topic of "teams that perform well are recognized for it" rise three times as fast with seniority as women's do. (See "How Gap Created Equal Pay for Women.")
6. Job Attributes. Both genders attach great importance to job attributes, and statistical evidence shows that job attributes have some of the strongest correlations with overall engagement levels. On average, senior women report feeling underleveraged as leaders, as demonstrated by their scores on the topic of "getting the chance to use my skills and abilities," while senior men are less likely to feel that way.
7. Company Objectives and Aspirations. A company's objectives, values, and aspirations matter: studies show that overall engagement is heavily influenced by this dimension. Among nonmanagers, junior women tend to feel positive about their connection to their company's objectives and aspirations, but senior women are less positive than their male counterparts on this critical dimension. Similarly, junior women give comparatively high scores to questions about whether they "know what's going on at the company," "understand the company values," and feel that there are "clear consequences for people who act against [them]." Senior women are less convinced.
Solutions to Implement Starting Today
Companies should start by understanding the root causes of their engagement issues, in particular by listening carefully to senior women. This is the most critical step, and one that companies often miss in their rush to move directly to implementing solutions. Yet the root cause of disengagement varies. In some companies, we have seen a vicious cycle in which women's skills and opinions are not used sufficiently, leading them to disengage. Other companies have found that they are not active enough in promoting women on the basis of their potential. Instead, they wait for female employees to demonstrate strong performance in a given role, an approach that causes companies to miss out on their highest-potential leaders. Still others have found that senior managers in siloed business units are forced to rely on informal networks to get things done, a situation that can be disproportionately detrimental for women. Getting to the specific root causes for each company is vital to determine the right solutions.
Among the solutions to improve overall staff engagement—and to increase the engagement of senior women in particular—several steps should be priorities.
Rewrite the Rules. For company leaders, success requires going beyond recognition programs to redefine how performance is assessed and to rethink how to communicate appreciation for a job well done. This should involve ensuring that recognition links to concrete rewards or progression for all staff, including senior women, and implementing a feedback system that emphasizes strengths as well as weaknesses.
For example, in 2010, BCG found that women at the firm had lower levels of job satisfaction than men. As a result, disproportionate numbers of top-performing women were leaving. After conducting in-depth research into the underlying causes, BCG found that the biggest factor in job satisfaction for women was the day-to-day apprenticeship experience. Apprenticeship is particularly important at BCG, where junior employees learn by doing.
Male and female employees at BCG reported that the feedback they received often focused too much on what they needed to do better and not enough on what they already were doing well. In response, the firm began to make meaningful changes in its apprenticeship model, launching a program known as Apprenticeship in Action (AiA), which it developed in conjunction with BRANDspeak, a leadership development consultancy. Since the program was rolled out across North America about two years ago, retention and job satisfaction among women have improved significantly. Employees of both genders are also about 10 percentage points more likely to say they receive the right amount of constructive feedback (including tough messages).
How did the firm achieve these gains? In large part by focusing on strengths-based development. Rather than providing mostly vague generalities, feedback is now highly detailed and grounded in specific actions and real-world examples. In addition, for each employee, managers prioritize two or three concrete areas for improvement that are linked explicitly to the employee's strengths. This provides a solid foundation on which to build. And although AiA was launched in response to issues among women, male employees have benefited as well.
In addition to emphasizing employees' strengths, companies should provide flexible work models to women and men at all levels, ensuring that part-time work is a viable option for everyone (not only for new mothers). And they must manage performance effectively to ensure that people can legitimately succeed in these programs. Output-based KPIs (for instance, assessing whether the work gets done, not where it gets done) can help. It's also important to allow managers to move into more flexible roles for a defined period, particularly after several years of long or inflexible hours.
Leaders should ensure that there is no gender-based pay gap and that compensation processes are transparent. It helps to mandate a regular pay review and track for bias in both outputs (pay) and inputs (evaluation scores or qualitative feedback, depending on the


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Long before pet birds and parrots learn human words, they communicate to us with body language. Like vocalizations, this comes naturally to parrots. Not only do they show moods, emotions and forthcoming behavior with the way they use their bodies — especially their feathers — parrots also learn to read human intentions by observing human postures. It's not unusual for pet birds to know more about what their people say with their bodies than their people know about what the birds are saying with theirs.
1. Parrots Know About People
Many parrots know that humans have a dominant hand — a hand we use more and are more adept with — before people notice that the bird has a dominant foot. For example, if the bird refuses to step onto a human's hand or shows insecurity in doing so, sometimes the bird is exhibiting a preference to step up only onto a dominant hand.
This may be because a pet bird that steps up only to a right hand knows that a right-handed human's left hand is less stable, and it will prefer to step up only onto a right hand because that hand doesn't wobble as the bird is lifted. Or maybe the bird knows that a right-handed human will try to pet it with the right hand, and it doesn't want to be pet.
In most of the cases I've seen in which a bird exhibits a preference for stepping up onto a particular hand, it is balking consistently at a left hand and stepping up dependably to a right hand. In more than eight out of 10 of these cases, the human reporting the bird's behavior is right-hand dominant.
2. What A Parrot's Posture Tells Us
Parrots show us how they are feeling and what they are going to do by using their bodies in different ways. Generally, a parrot with an upright stance and smooth feathers is wary or frightened. Loose, ruffly feathers generally indicate happiness. A bird sitting on one foot with feathers puffed out might not feel well or might just be sleeping in a cool room. A bird that has all feathers sticking as far out as possible, tail flared, with shoulders or wings held out from the body may be courting or getting ready to fight.
3. Your Parrot Will Warn You
Most parrots give at least three clues if they intend to bite (lories are the exception here). First, the bird will look at what it is going to bite; it will open its beak; and it will either spread its legs apart for a firmer grip on the perch (in the case of a larger bird) or it will charge that which it is going to bite (in the case of a smaller bird).
It's up to the human(s) interacting with the bird to prevent the bite when these signs appear. This might involve not putting a hand or body part within range of the bird's bite, putting the bird down or making sure something else, such as a wooden toy, is between the bird's beak and what it intends to bite.
4) Happy Parrot Behaviors
A parrot that feels good will signal its health and happiness with its body. That might mean stretching as though it were doing Tai Chi, where the bird slowly extends one wing and one leg on the same side of the body, returns it to position, and then extends the other wing and leg on the other side of the body. It might stretch its wings up or out, maybe even returning them to their place against its back in a ritualistic, dance-like motion.
A bird that is happily greeting a friend — human or bird — might wag its tail or puff out all its feathers momentarily. A tail wag might also be the equivalent of a human "giggle."
The parrot behavior of rapidly wagging the tail back and forth may be a remnant of something it felt when shaking water off its tail. The bird might be using it to express the sentiment that a happy occurrence has just passed and that it's ready for another adventure.
If a bird has been meeting new people and there is concern that the people have been too forceful in their handling (this includes early Step-up training for a new or previously unhandled bird), then returning the bird to its perch and counting tail wags can give a good idea of whether or not the bird enjoyed the interactions.
If the bird wags its tail almost immediately after being put back on its perch, the new interactions were probably not too forceful. But if the bird does not wag its tail for several minutes or doesn't wag its tail at all, nor puffs out its feathers or displays any happiness behaviors after being put down, then it is telling us that it should be handled in more passive ways in the future.
Some happy birds, especially cockatoos, wiggle their tongues or move their beaks up and down when they see someone or something they like. A happy, contented cockatoo might signal a desire to be petted by fanning the facial feathers over the beak and lowering its head to request petting. A happy, healthy Amazon parrot or macaw might signal an invitation to pet by turning the head upside down, exposing the jaw.
No matter which happiness behaviors we see — solicitations to be petted, beak chattering, tongue wiggling, stretches, tail wags or puff outs — if we are generally seeing more of them every day, then we can be assured that the bird's training and adjustment are on a positive path.
5. Signs Of Stimulation
Eye movement wherein the iris (colored part of the eye) grows larger and the pupil (the black center of the eye) is quickly made smaller is called "pinpointing" or "flashing." This is a sign of motivation and might be a sign of motivation to talk, to court or to bite.
Likewise, strutting around with feathers flared, combined with pinpoint, sometimes with wing flipping (quickly twitching the wing tightly against the body), solicitation (body flattened, wings slightly out, trembling, or shifting the weight from one foot to the other) are clearly signs of breeding-related stimulation. A parrot strutting around in courtship mode is more likely to be aggressive than peaceful if it encounters human hands or other intrusive body parts.
6. Trick Birds Will Play On You
Some parrots, especially mature cockatoos, Amazon parrots and African grey parrots, might learn to amuse themselves by playing tricks on humans with their body language. Such birds might give outward signs of friendliness and solicitation, then bite when they are approached with fingers. This can be very uncomfortable to the humans who got a big welcome and then are slashed and bleeding. If a person who knows that a bird does this warns you, take their word for it — some cockatoos can lie with their body language as adeptly as a faithless lover can lie with words.
Macaws, even very friendly ones, may enjoy fake "stabbing" when they meet new people even though they have no intention to bite. They do this apparently because they like to test people and see whether they will jump away.
7. A Content Parrot
A bird settling in for the night or for a nap, will stand on one foot, with the other foot pulled up inside its feathers, may fluff facial feathers over the beak (if it is a cockatoo), close or slightly close the eyes and grind its beak. This is a sign of contentment and, since birds are better behaved in all areas if they have enough rest, humans are best advised to allow their birds to rest — leave a resting bird in peace.


text:
Figure 12. Negretti and Zambra thermometer, 1874 model. Although the principle
of reversing was first described by George Aime' in 1845, this was the first
thermometer to accurately determine the temperature at great depth and return to
the surface and retain its readings. As such, it is considered the first
modern reversing thermometer. It was used on the CHALLENGER expedition.


text:
Humans need calcium, folate, and vitamin C, but according to statistical data, most people ignore even lack vitamin E which is actually also important. especially if you are dieting.
Why does the body need 15 mg of vitamin E per day
The body needs at least 15 mg of vitamin E every day, which is useful to protect the body against the risk of heart disease and can increase body immunity or the immune system. Vitamin E is usually found in natural plant foods rich in fats such as oils, nuts, and seeds.
Why does the body need 18 mg of iron
18 mg of iron per day can help supply oxygen throughout your body.
How to get iron nutrition
Try adding a few servings of animal per day to your meal. Beef is a good source of chicken. In addition, 10 boiled shellfish are also good sources of iron because they contain 26.6 mg of iron and only 141 calories.
The potassium value we must consume per day is 4,700mg per day, can help the body in terms of muscle contraction and regulate fluid and mineral balance when you are sweating.
How to get potassium … Read More


> is a preferred label for concept ,
 - the triple (, skos:altLabel, ) says that is an alternative label for concept ,
 - the triple (, skos:broader, ) says that concept is a broder concept of .
 - One way to convert Eurovoc into plain SKOS
 2016/06/27 by Yann Voté
 This is the second part of an article where I show how to import the Eurovoc thesaurus from the European Union into an application using a plain SKOS data model. I've recently faced the problem of importing Eurovoc into CubicWeb using the SKOS cube, and the solution I've chose is discussed here.
 The first part was an introduction to thesauri and SKOS.
 The whole article assumes familiarity with RDF, as describing RDF would require more than a blog entry and is out of scope.
 Difficulties with Eurovoc and SKOS
 Eurovoc is the main thesaurus covering European Union business domains. It is published and maintained by the EU commission. It is quite complex and big, structured as a tree of keywords.
 You can see Eurovoc keywords and browse the tree from the Eurovoc homepage using the link Browse the subject-oriented version.
 For example, when publishing statistics about education in the EU, you can tag the published data with the broadest keyword Education and communications. Or you can be more precise and use the following narrower keywords, in increasing order of preference: Education, Education policy, Education statistics.
 Problem: hierarchy of thesauri
 The EU commission uses SKOS to publish its Eurovoc thesaurus, so it should be straightforward to import Eurovoc into our own application. But things are not that simple...
 For some reasons, Eurovoc uses a hierarchy of concept schemes. For example, Education and communications is a sub-concept scheme of Eurovoc (it is called a domain), and Education is a sub-concept scheme of Education and communications (it is called a micro-thesaurus). Education policy is (a label of) the first concept in this hierarchy.
 But with SKOS this is not possible: a concept scheme cannot be contained into another concept scheme.
 Possible solutions
 So to import Eurovoc into our SKOS application, and not loose data, one solution is to turn sub-concept schemes into concepts. We have two strategies:
 - keep only one concept scheme (Eurovoc) and turn domains and micro-thesauri into concepts,
 - keep domains as concept schemes, drop Eurovoc concept scheme, and only turn micro-thesauri into concepts.
 Here we will discuss the latter solution.
 Lets get to work
 Eurovoc thesaurus can be downloaded at the following URL:
 The ZIP archive contains only one XML file named eurovoc_skos.rdf. Put it somewhere where you can find it easily.
 To read this file easily, we will use the RDFLib Python library. This library makes it really convenient to work with RDF data. It has only one drawback: it is very slow. Reading the whole Eurovoc thesaurus with it takes a very long time. Make the process faster is the first thing to consider for later improvements.
 Reading the Eurovoc thesaurus is as simple as creating an empty RDF Graph and parsing the file. As said above, this takes a long long time (from half an hour to two hours).
 import rdflib
 eurovoc_graph = rdflib.Graph()
 eurovoc_graph.parse('', format='xml')
 )>
 We can see that Eurovoc contains more than 2 million triples.
 Now, before actually converting Eurovoc to plain SKOS, lets introduce some helper functions:
 - the first one, uriref(), will allow us to build RDFLib URIRef objects from simple prefixed URIs like skos:prefLabel or dcterms:title,
 - the second one, capitalized_eurovoc_domains(), is used to convert Eurovoc domain names, all uppercase (eg. 32 EDUCATION ET COMMUNICATION) to a string where only first letter is uppercase (eg. 32 Education and communication)
 import re
 from rdflib import Literal, Namespace, RDF, URIRef
 from rdflib.namespace import DCTERMS, SKOS
 eu_ns = Namespace('')
 thes_ns = Namespace('')
 prefixes = {
 'dcterms': DCTERMS,
 'skos': SKOS,
 'eu': eu_ns,
 'thes': thes_ns,
 def uriref(prefixed_uri):
 prefix, value = prefixed_uri.split(':', 1)
 ns = prefixes[prefix]
 return ns[value]
 def capitalized_eurovoc_domain(domain):
 """Return the given Eurovoc domain name with only the first letter uppercase."""
 return re.sub(r'^(\d+\s)(.)(.+)$',
 lambda m: u'{0}{1}{2}'.format(,,,
 domain, re.UNICODE)
 Now the actual work. After using variables to reference URIs, the loop will parse each triple in original graph and:
 - discard it if it contains deprecated data,
 - if triple is like (, rdf:type, eu:Domain), replace it with (, rdf:type, skos:ConceptScheme),
 - if triple is like (, rdf:type, eu:MicroThesaurus), replace it with (, rdf:type, skos:Concept) and add triple (, skos:inScheme, ),
 - if triple is like (, rdf:type, eu:ThesaurusConcept), replace it with (, rdf:type, skos:Concept),
 - if triple is like (, skos:topConceptOf, ), replace it with (, skos:broader, ),
 - if triple is like (, skos:inScheme, ), replace it with (, skos:inScheme, ),
 - keep triples like (, skos:prefLabel, ), (, skos:altLabel, ), and (, skos:broader, ),
 - discard all other non-deprecated triples.
 Note that, to replace a micro thesaurus with a domain, we have to build a mapping between each micro thesaurus and its containing domain (microthes2domain dict).
 This loop is also quite long.
 eurovoc_ref = URIRef(u'')
 deprecated_ref = URIRef(u'')
 title_ref = uriref('dcterms:title')
 status_ref = uriref('thes:status')
 class_domain_ref = uriref('eu:Domain')
 rel_domain_ref = uriref('eu:domain')
 microthes_ref = uriref('eu:MicroThesaurus')
 thesconcept_ref = uriref('eu:ThesaurusConcept')
 concept_scheme_ref = uriref('skos:ConceptScheme')
 concept_ref = uriref('skos:Concept')
 pref_label_ref = uriref('skos:prefLabel')
 alt_label_ref = uriref('skos:altLabel')
 in_scheme_ref = uriref('skos:inScheme')
 broader_ref = uriref('skos:broader')
 top_concept_ref = uriref('skos:topConceptOf')
 microthes2domain = dict((mt, next(eurovoc_graph.objects(mt, uriref('eu:domain'))))
 for mt in eurovoc_graph.subjects(RDF.type, uriref('eu:MicroThesaurus')))
 new_graph = rdflib.ConjunctiveGraph()
 for subj_ref, pred_ref, obj_ref in eurovoc_graph:
 if deprecated_ref in list(eurovoc_graph.objects(subj_ref, status_ref)):
 # Convert eu:Domain into a skos:ConceptScheme
 if obj_ref == class_domain_ref:
 new_graph.add((subj_ref, RDF.type, concept_scheme_ref))
 for title in eurovoc_graph.objects(subj_ref, pref_label_ref):
 if title.language == u'en':
 new_graph.add((subj_ref, title_ref,
 # Convert eu:MicroThesaurus into a skos:Concept
 elif obj_ref == microthes_ref:
 new_graph.add((subj_ref, RDF.type, concept_ref))
 scheme_ref = next(eurovoc_graph.objects(subj_ref, rel_domain_ref))
 new_graph.add((subj_ref, in_scheme_ref, scheme_ref))
 # Convert eu:ThesaurusConcept into a skos:Concept
 elif obj_ref == thesconcept_ref:
 new_graph.add((subj_ref, RDF.type, concept_ref))
 # Replace topConceptOf by broader
 elif pred_ref == top_concept_ref:
 new


text:
Ep. 173 - Creating An Allyship + Feminism for All with Rachel Cargle
Today we are joined by Rachel Cargle; activist, writer, and lecturer. Her activist and academic works are rooted in providing intellectual discourse, tools, and resources that explore the intersection of race and womanhood. Rachel also created an organization called The Loveland Group, which houses multiple companies dedicated to lifelong culture, learning, and opportunity. Rachel was in town from NYC, so the girls hopped on the opportunity to spend time with Rachel in person. She is leading the movement on some incredibly issues plaguing our society. In today's episode, we talk about what it was like for Rachel growing up in a predominantly white community, socioeconomic differences between races, and using her platform to create accessible educational lectures. Rachel shares her view on the feminist movement, how the health and wellness space reacts to her, and the way that the welfare system works. We hope this conversation inspires you to have conversations within your community, friend groups, and families—conversations that might not be comfortable but conversations that could, ultimately, change history.


text:
Calcium disodium versenate injection
Calcium Disodium Versenate is capable of producing toxic effects which can be fatal. Lead encephalopathy is relatively rare in adults, but occurs more often in pediatric patients in whom it may be incipient and thus overlooked. The mortality rate in pediatric patients has been high. Patients with lead encephalopathy and cerebral edema may experience a lethal increase in intracranial pressure following intravenous infusion; the intramuscular route is preferred for these patients. In cases where the intravenous route is necessary, avoid rapid infusion. The dosage schedule should be followed and at no time should the recommended daily dose be exceeded.
Calcium Disodium Versenate (edetate calcium disodium injection, USP) is a sterile, injectable, chelating agent in concentrated solution for intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection. Each 5 ml ampul contains 1000 mg of edetate calcium disodium (equivalent to 200 mg/ml) in water for injection. Chemically, this product is called [[N,N'-1,2-ethanediyl-bis[N-(carboxymethyl)-glycinato]](4-)-N,N',O,O',O N,O N ']-,disodium,hydrate, (OC-6-21)-Calciate(2-).
The pharmacologic effects of edetate calcium disodium are due to the formation of chelates with divalent and trivalent metals. A stable chelate will form with any metal that has the ability to displace calcium from the molecule, a feature shared by lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron and mercury. The amounts of manganese and iron mobilized are not significant. Copper 1 is not mobilized and mercury is unavailable for chelation because it is too tightly bound to body ligands or it is stored in inaccessible body compartments. The excretion of calcium by the body is not increased following intravenous administration of edetate calcium disodium, but the excretion of zinc is considerably increased. 1
Edetate calcium disodium is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In blood, all the drug is found in the plasma. Edetate calcium disodium does not appear to penetrate cells; it is distributed primarily in the extracellular fluid with only about 5% of the plasma concentration found in the spinal fluid.
The half life of edetate calcium disodium is 20 to 60 minutes. It is excreted primarily by the kidney, with about 50% excreted in one hour and over 95% within 24 hours. 2 Almost none of the compound is metabolized.
The primary source of lead chelated by Calcium Disodium Versenate is from bone; subsequently, soft-tissue lead is redistributed to bone when chelation is stopped. 3,4 There is also some reduction in kidney lead levels following chelation therapy.
It has been shown in animals that following a single dose of Calcium Disodium Versenate urinary lead output increases, blood lead concentration decreases, but brain lead is significantly increased due to internal redistribution of lead. 5 (See WARNINGS.) These data are in agreement with the recent results of others in experimental animals showing that after a five day course of treatment there is no net reduction in brain lead. 6
Indications and Usage
Edetate calcium disodium is indicated for the reduction of blood levels and depot stores of lead in lead poisoning (acute and chronic) and lead encephalopathy, in both pediatric populations and adults.
Chelation therapy should not replace effective measures to eliminate or reduce further exposure to lead.
Edetate calcium disodium should not be given during periods of anuria, nor to patients with active renal disease or hepatitis.
See boxed warning.
General Precautions: Edetate calcium disodium may produce the same renal damage as lead poisoning, such as proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Treatment-induced nephrotoxicity is dose-dependent and may be reduced by assuring adequate diuresis before therapy begins. Urine flow must be monitored throughout therapy which must be stopped if anuria or severe oliguria develop. The proximal tubule hydropic degeneration usually recovers upon cessation of therapy. Edetate calcium disodium must be used in reduced doses in patients with pre-existing mild renal disease.
Patients should be monitored for cardiac rhythm irregularities and other ECG changes during intravenous therapy.
Information for patients: Patients should be instructed to immediately inform their physician if urine output stops for a period of 12 hours.
Laboratory tests: Urinalysis and urine sediment, renal and hepatic function and serum electrolyte levels should be checked before each course of therapy and then be monitored daily during therapy in severe cases, and in less serious cases after the second and fifth day of therapy. Therapy must be discontinued at the first sign of renal toxicity. The presence of large renal epithelial cells or increasing number of red blood cells in urinary sediment or greater proteinuria call for immediate stopping of edetate calcium disodium administration. Alkaline phosphatase values are frequently depressed (possibly due to decreased serum zinc levels), but return to normal within 48 hours after cessation of therapy. Elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (>35 mcg/dl of whole blood) indicate the need to perform a venous blood lead determination. If the whole blood lead concentration is between 25-55 mcg/dl a mobilization test can be considered. 7,8 (See Diagnostic Test.) An elevation of urinary coproporphyrin (adults: >250 mcg/day; pediatric patients under 80 lbs: >75 mcg/day) and elevation of urinary delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (adults: >4 mg/day; pediatric patients: >3 mg/m 2 /day) are associated with blood lead levels >40 mcg/dl. Urinary coproporphyrin may be falsely negative in terminal patients and in severely iron-depleted pediatric patients who are not regenerating heme. 9 In growing pediatric patients long bone x-rays showing lead lines and abdominal x-rays showing radio-opaque material in the abdomen may be of help in estimating the level of exposure to lead.
There is no known drug interference with standard clinical laboratory tests. Steroids enhance the renal toxicity of edetate calcium disodium in animals. 7 Edetate calcium disodium interferes with the action of zinc insulin preparations by chelating the zinc. 7
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Long term animal studies have not been conducted with edetate calcium disodium to evaluate its carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or its effect on fertility.
Pregnancy: Category B: One reproduction study was performed in rats at doses up to 13 times the human dose and revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Calcium Disodium Versenate. 10 Another reproduction study performed in rats at doses up to about 25 to 40 times the human dose revealed evidence of fetal malformations due to Calcium Disodium Versenate, which were prevented by simultaneous supplementation of dietary zinc. 11 There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Labor and Delivery: Calcium Disodium Versenate has no recognized use during labor and delivery, and its effects during these processes are unknown.
Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Calcium Disodium Versenate is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use: Since lead poisoning occurs in pediatric populations and adults but is frequently more severe in pediatric patients, Calcium Disodium Versenate is used in patients of all ages. The intramuscular route is preferred by some for young pediatric patients. In cases where the intravenous route is necessary, avoid rapid infusion. (See WARNINGS.) Urine flow must be monitored throughout therapy; Calcium Disodium Versenate therapy must be stopped if anuria or severe oliguria develops. (See General Precautions.) At no time should the recommended daily dosage be exceeded. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)
The following adverse effects have been associated with the use of edetate calcium disodium:
Body as a Whole: pain at intramuscular injection site, fever, chills, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia.
Cardiovascular: hypotension, cardiac rhythm irregularities.
Renal: acute necrosis of proximal tubules (which may result in fatal nephrosis), infrequent changes in distal tubules and glomeruli.
Urinary: glycosuria, proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and large epithelial cells in urinary sediment.
Nervous System: tremors, headache, numbness, tingling.
Gastrointestinal: cheilosis, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, excessive thirst.
Hepatic: mild increases in SGOT and SGPT are common, and return to normal within 48 hours after cessation of therapy.
Immunogenic: histamine-like reactions (sneezing, nasal congestion, lacrimation), rash.
Hematopoietic: transient bone marrow depression, anemia.
Metabolic: zinc deficiency, hypercalcemia.
Symptoms: Inadvertent administration of 5 times the recommended dose, infused intravenously over a 24 hour period, to an asymptomatic 16 month old patient with a blood lead content of 56 mcg/dl


How to write a perl script in ubuntu
And -Dr displays compiled regular expressions; the format of the output is explained in perldebguts. In particular, both CRLF translation and intuiting ":utf8" from the locale are disabled.
how to write a perl script in ubuntu
In this documentation, "! You perhaps were thinking of ":crlf:bytes" or ":perlio:bytes". Precede any character that needs to be protected, like a space or backslash, with another backslash.
how to run perl script in windows
See "Deferred Signals Safe Signals " in perlipc. If Perl is installed, you receive a message indicating its version. The capital -E instead of -e tells perl that you intend to use say and other 5.
Contained in the file specified by the first filename on the command line. The versions are similar, so it's entirely up to you. Do not disclose the hash seed to people who don't need to know it.
run perl script mac
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Ubuntu Manpage: perlrun


text: BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have shown that miRNAs are commonly deregulated in human malignancies, but little is known about the function of miRNA-205 (miR-205) in human breast cancer. The present study investigated the influence of miR-205 on breast cancer malignancy. METHODS The expression level of miR-205 in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line was determined by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. We then analyzed the expression of miR-205 in breast cancer and paired non-tumor tissues. Finally, the roles of miR-205 in regulating tumor proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and target gene expression were studied by MTT assay, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and luciferase assay. RESULTS miR-205 was downregulated in breast cancer cells or tissues compared with normal breast cell lines or non-tumor tissues. Overexpression of miR-205 reduced the growth and colony-formation capacity of MCF7 cells by inducing apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-205 inhibited MCF7 cell migration and invasiveness. By bioinformation analysis, miR-205 was predicted to bind to the 3' untranslated regions of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 mRNA, and upregulation of miR-205 reduced HER3 protein expression. CONCLUSION miR-205 is a tumor suppressor in human breast cancer by post-transcriptional inhibition of HER3 expression.


Valiant Cross Academy
The Challenge
When we have the opportunity to help good people continue to do good things, more often than not we don't let it pass us by — and Valiant Cross Academy is one of those opportunities. Working with High 5 Productions' outstanding photography along with carefully selected music, we used motion graphics to visually tell a story that required no recorded video — just careful consideration and planning.
The Concept
Experiencing Valiant Cross personally is nearly indescribable. The discipline, respect and love that's shared between the students and teachers is striking and infectious. Knowing how much of an impact these leaders are having on the lives of these young men, we designed around the idea of one of the students reliving his memories. What emotions are imprinted in their minds as they're shaped into new men? How do we show those feelings without narration or live action footage? What do these memories look like?
The Process
Once the concept was finalized and music was selected, we move into storyboarding and style frames to lock down the look and feel. All of our assets being photography gave us an extra level of precision when designing the sequence. Where we typically would have to redraw frames by hand, we were able to spend more time planning with the actual shots. Decisions were made to streamline the editing workflow and keep us focused on the story.