text:
One important aspect of molecular gastronomy is the application of scientific principles to food preparation in a normal kitchen. This can very well be illustrated by discussing the preparation of a steak. The surface of the meat needs to be heated to > 120 °C (250 F) for the Maillard reaction to take place at a reasonable rate. This gives meat much of it's characteristic aroma. The interior of the meat however should not be heated to more than 50-65 °C (120-150 F) for a rare or a medium rare appearance. If the heat is provided by a frying pan with a temperature typically in the range 120-160 °C (250-320 F), the different temperature required for the interior and the surface of the meat can actually be quite difficult to achieve. Bringing the meat to room temperature before cooking by taking it out of the fridge 1-2 hours in advance helps. Also, half way through the cooking it's advisable to let the meat rest on a plate to allow the heat to diffuse into the interior and to let the surface cool down a little.
There is however an easier way to make a perfect steak! In restaurants the method has been around since the 70′s and is known under the name sous vide (fr. under vacuum, more info on history of sous vide in this NY Times article). The meat is packed in plastic bags, vacuumed and put into thermostated water baths. This equipment is not (yet?) found in the average kitchen. So here is a simple DIY procedure. You just use a normal plastic bag, leave the meat in the water bath for 30 min (or longer) and then quickly fry both sides to generate the products of the Maillard reaction. You do need a thermometer though to control the temperature of the water bath, preferably one with a dip in probe.
1. Put the meat (I used a rib eye steak for this experiment) in a thick plastic bag. Only put one or two pieces of meat in each plastic bag – this ensures a greater contact surface with the water.
2. Add any spices you like (salt and pepper always works well – for the experiment shown I used curry paste, soy sauce and chili sauce in stead), press (or suck) out the air and close the plastic bag tightly by tying a knot (or use a zip-lock bag). You don't want any water to enter the bag!
3. Heat a pot of water to the desired temperature (or use hot tap water) and place the plastic bag with meat in the water. Cover with a lid (not shown in the picture) to reduce heat loss. If you use a large pot of water it's easier to keep the temperature constant. Also, it's easier to control the temperature with an induction or gas stove top than with an electric plate since there is no additional heating once you turn them off. Regarding the temperature, start with 60 °C (140 F) and experiment from there (or check this table at Wikipedia for doneness temperatures of meat). You should leave the meat in the water for at least 30 minutes – more for a thicker cut. But the good thing is you can leave it for much longer (several hours) provided the temperature does not come above 60 °C (or whatever temperature you decided on). A convenient way to keep the temperature constant for a long time is to put the pan with water into the oven and use the thermostat of the oven.
4. Heat a frying pan, add a fat of you choice, remove meat from plastic bag and brown both sides of the meat. Since you take the meat directly from the water bath it's already at about 60 °C. Therefore the browning is very fast.
5. A temperature of 60 °C (140 F) gives the meat a pink interior. It's succulent and juicy. The short frying gives it a nice browned crust and the chewing resistance is perfect. All in all a wonderful combination of taste, aroma, texture and mouth feel!
Note added January 2009:
Since I published this procedure the first time I've learnt a lot more about sous vide. The procedure above is a rather crude procedure, but it works. If the meat turns out grey you'll need to turn the temperature somewhat down. If you're interested in reading more about sous vide, the best discussion I know of which also includes important safety aspects is Douglas Baldwin's "A Practical Guide to Sous Vide Cooking".
A mathematician cooks sous vide
Sous vide cooking joy
Santa came early this year
Upcoming books on sous vide


text: Purpose: A simple, precise, specific, and accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) and Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer method was developed and validated for determination of Piroxicam (PRX) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: The different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, and sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. HPLC was conducted on Water Spherisorb® analytical column used having the dimension of 5 µm, 4.6*250mm. The mobile phase was consisting of buffer (containing 0.1 M potassium di hydrogen phosphate solution having pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio 1:3 v/v, and the flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min. PRX was monitored using Water Breeze 2 system equipped with photo diode array detector (λ = 333 nm) and also by UV spectrophotometer (λ = 333 nm) by Shimadzu UV 1800. Results: Linearity was observed in concentration range of 10–50 µg/mL by HPLC and 0-10 µg/mL by UV spectroscopy method. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9967 and 0.9962 respectively by HPLC and UV method. Linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, and sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined and value find within the range as specified by ICH guidelines. Conclusion: All the system suitability parameters were found within the range. The performed method is rapid, cost-effective and can be used as a quality-control tool for routine quantitative analysis of PRX in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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3 The OmniFocus 2 Pro for Mac allows you to create custom views of your data that you can access at the click of a mouse.
Custom perspectives are much more flexible in OmniFocus 3.
Instructions for how to create and edit OmniFocus 3 perspectives are included in our more recent content. Also, visit the Custom Perspectives for OmniFocus 3 directory for specific examples that showcase the enhanced power and flexibility of custom perspectives.
Custom perspectives created in OmniFocus 2 continue to work in OmniFocus 3. You can optionally upgrade them to OmniFocus 3 perspectives to take advantage of the power and flexibility that OmniFocus 3 offers.
The Standard edition of OmniFocus comes preinstalled with a number of different perspectives that provide you with different ways to view your OmniFocus database. For example, the Projects perspective allows you to view your database by project, the Contexts perspective allows you to view your database by Context and the Review perspective shows a list of projects that are up for review.
If you have the Pro version of OmniFocus you can create your own perspectives. For example, it might be useful to have a perspective that shows you all your available personal tasks and another to show a list of your errands. Before watching this video it's recommended that you read the Foundation: Mind Mapping Your Responsibilities article.
In this video you'll learn:
- How to create a perspective that shows all available actions.
- How to create a perspective that shows all important (due or flagged) actions.
- How to create a perspective that shows you available actions in a specific area of your life (e.g. personal).
- How to create a perspective for easy access to your errands.
- How to create a perspective for easy access to your waiting list.
- How to use the reorder, modify and delete perspectives.
- How to add perspectives to the sidebar and toolbar.
- How to assign a keyboard shortcut to a perspective.


text:
Internet's Impact on Museums and Libraries
Open Lib/Info Sci Education Forum [_EMAIL_]; on behalf of; Kevin OConnell [_EMAIL_]
_EMAIL_ Fri 7/03/2008
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
March 6, 2008
IMLS Press Contacts
Jeannine Mjoseth, _EMAIL_
Mamie Bittner, _EMAIL_
Wanda Monroe, _EMAIL_
IMLS Announces Results of Study on the Internet's Impact on Museums and Libraries
"Museums and libraries are alive and well in the digital world!" Radice said. "The InterConnections report shows how people currently search for information and makes the case that the libraries and museums must provide service both online and in person."
IMLS sponsored this national
study through a cooperative agreement with a
Libraries and museums are the most trusted sources of online information among adults of all ages, education levels, races, and ethnicities. Libraries and museums rank higher in trustworthiness than all other information sources including government, commercial, and private Web sites. The study shows that the public trust of museums and libraries migrates to the online environment.
The explosive growth of information available in the "Information Age" actually whets Americans' appetite for more information. People search for information in many places and since the use of one source leads to others, museums, public libraries, and the Internet complement each other in this information-rich environment.
The Internet is not replacing in-person visits to libraries and museums and may actually increase onsite use of libraries and museums. There is a positive relationship between Internet use and in-person visits to museums and public libraries.
The InterConnections report provides evidence that public libraries and museums are thriving in the Internet Age as trusted providers of information to people of all ages.
To view the report, please go to _URL_ .
The 2008 WebWise Conference on Libraries and Museums in the Digital World on March 6, 2008. The annual late winter WebWise Conference draws museum, library, information systems, and other professionals to explore new research and innovation in digital technology. The 2008 conference, co-hosted by IMLS and The Wolfsonian–Florida International University (The Wolfsonian–FIU), with support from the National Endowment for the Humanities, highlights the growing convergence between libraries and museums in collection and information management. For more information, go to _URL_ .
Joint use conference proceedings now available
Open Lib/Info Sci Education Forum [_EMAIL_]; on behalf of; Sarah McNicol [_EMAIL_]
_EMAIL_ Mon 5/11/2007
For any public, academic, special or school library considering any form of joint/dual use library or library based service partnership.
Full proceedings of the
first International Joint Use Libraries Conference,
Twenty-six papers from
Overseas $70.00 plus $20.00 p&h each
From Auslib Press,
Fax (08)8278 4000 International +61 8 8278 4000
JSC document 2008/01/25
McGarry, Dorothy [_EMAIL_] SLA-DST Sun 27/01/2008
The following document was posted on the JSC Web site on 2008/01/25:
- 5JSC/Chair/9/Chair follow-up/6 [Appendix on initial articles]
Knowledge 2008: Map of Human Knowledge
chaim Zins [_EMAIL_] _EMAIL_ Wed 6/02/2008
Dear Friends & Colleagues,
Knowledge 2008 is an ongoing R&D project aimed at mapping human knowledge and facilitating efficient information searching. The project is composed of 6 parts:
Map, Portal, Smart Search, Encyclopedia, Overview, and Forum:
Knowledge 2008: Map of Human Knowledge
Overview. A systematic map of human knowledge. The knowledge map maps 500 major fields. Human knowledge is composed of 10 pillars. Each pillar is divided into relevant categories and presents the relevant field.
Unique characteristics. To better evaluate the map let us look at its unique characteristics:
1. The 10 pillar structure, which is based on the Knowledge - Supernatural - Universe - Humans model is unique.
2. The distinction between categories of the map (e.g., Theory) and fields of knowledge (e.g., Philosophy of Knowledge) is unique.
Imagine that the Map mirrors a library. The pillars are bookcases. The categories are shelves, and the fields of knowledge are books. The Library of Human Knowledge has 10 bookcases, 100 shelves, and a collection of 500 books.
3. The Theory - Embodiment structure is unique. The map has a Theory - Embodiment structure. It is manifested within the map level, the pillar level, and the field level.
[in the map level: Pillar 1 is 'the theory' part of human knowledge (HK). It is composed of the meta-knowledge of HK. Pillars 2-10 are 'the embodiment' of HK. They are composed of our knowledge on the explored phenomena (the supernatural, the universe, the living world, and humans. In the pillar level: Each pillar has 'a theory' category. In the field level: Each field has 'a theory' sub-field (e.g., Philosophy of Medicine, Literary Theory, Philosophy of Art)
4. The categories of the map were formulated in this research.
Knowledge 2008: Portal to Human Knowledge
Overview. A systematic portal to top quality resources. Currently, the portal includes hundreds links to top resources in all fields of knowledge.
Knowledge 2008: Smart Search
Overview. A systematic user interface of Internet search engines. It is designed to facilitate an efficient information searching. Currently, it is implemented for Google search engine.
Rationale. Search words are essential for formulating effective search queries. Unfortunately, most searchers are not familiar with the relevant search terms. It is assumed that in every field there are main keywords that relate to the core knowledge of the field. The idea is to develop a systematic user interface that presents the main keywords in the major fields of knowledge.
Knowledge 2008: Encyclopedic Portal to Wikipedia
Overview. A systematic portal to the Wikipedia Encyclopedia. The portal implements the knowledge map for facilitating systematic access to Wikipedia's encyclopedic articles.
Rationale. Wikipedia is a general encyclopedia. It is free and popular. Undoubtedly, Wikipedia is a significant international, intercultural, and interdisciplinary project despite the poor quality of many articles. Note that the map can be implemented in other encyclopedias.
A concise overview of the knowledge map.
An academic and professional forum (via email) on the theoretical and practical aspects of the project.
Please feel free to reflect. Thanks.
Knowledge 2008 : Map - Portal - Encyclopedia - Smart Search - Overview - Forum
Knowledge Map of Information Science
Chaim Zins, PhD.
Knowledge Mapping Research
Homepage: _URL_ Knowledge 2008: Map of Human Knowledge
LC releases final report on future of bib control
Open Lib/Info Sci Education Forum [_EMAIL_]; on behalf of; B.G. Sloan [_EMAIL_]
_EMAIL_ Fri 11/01/2008
Library of Congress Subject Headings report
McGarry, Dorothy [_EMAIL_] Science-Technology Division Wed 5/03/2008
From: Miller, David [_EMAIL_]
Sent: Tuesday, March 04, 2008 7:21 AM
Subject: [ccs-sac] Library of Congress Subject Headings report
Hello, everyone -
Pardon me if you've all seen this announced already (I'm only on a couple of mailing lists and look at a handful of blogs), but this doesn't seem to have received a lot of play yet.
The report "Library of Congress Subject Headings: Prevs.
Post-Coordination and Related Issues" is out from CPSO, and is available at _URL_
Mark Perkins lists [_EMAIL_] _EMAIL_ Thu 1/11/2007 5:52 PM
ISOC Netherlands and ISOC Belgium participate in the launch of OpenDoc Society
A new member-based organisation, OpenDoc Society, will try to bring a global community of

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The purpose of this post is to share and describe a Power BI-based solution for analyzing SQL Server Agent job history data. SQL Server Agent has been around for many years and though increasingly my projects involve other scheduling and orchestration tools like Azure Automation, SQL Agent remains relevant both for on-premises BI/DW processes and in Azure via SQL Managed Instance.
In fact, dependencies on SQL Agent for scheduled jobs is one of the main reasons SQL Managed Instance was created as this reduces the friction in migrating on-premises workloads to Azure.
You can download the Power BI template (.PBIT) described in this blog from GitHub:
I'd strongly recommend you read through this blog post to better understand the context and details of this solution before you attempt to execute the template. At a minimum, you should check that you have the SQL Agent service running, note the name of the server its running on (the one required parameter per the above image), and confirm that you can query the SQL Agent tables in the MSDB database such as dbo.sysjobs.
This template uses native T-SQL queries so in Power BI Desktop you might also disable the user approval requirements for new native queries prior to running the template:
SQL Server Agent Background
I assume many readers of this blog are familiar with SQL Agent and thus can skip ahead to later sections. For others, the SQL Agent service allows for the creation and scheduling of 'jobs' with each 'job' comprised of a sequence of one more 'steps'. For example, a job could first execute a T-SQL stored procedure, then run an SSIS package, and maybe finally process/refresh an SSAS database or execute a PowerShell script. SQL Agent logs the duration of each step, each instance/execution of the overall job, any retries attempted, error messages, and other useful information.
In a common use case, a BI and data warehouse team will link together multiple steps (or multiple jobs) to support a nightly data warehouse and data model update process. If the nightly SQL Agent job fails, the team/user closest to the technology involved in the given step will review the agent log and apply changes necessary to successfully complete the process from the point of failure and in future instances of the job.
The following image from SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is from a four-step SQL Agent job scheduled to occur nightly:
In the above example, Power BI and Azure AD data is retrieved via PowerShell scripts in steps 1 and 2, then an SSIS package is used to load this data to a SQL Server database in step 3, and finally a Power BI dataset used for administering Power BI is triggered to refresh. This entire process executed in about 2.5 hours with the Azure AD data retrieval step requiring 1.5 hours itself.
As an aside, some of the PowerShell scripts I've featured in recent blog posts containing loops over Power BI app workspaces require time (e.g. 52 minutes per image) and of course loops are suboptimal from a performance standpoint. There's a recent blog post on avoiding workspace loops you may consider. However, if you filter down your workspaces to exclude personal/my workspaces prior to executing the loops, a nightly 50+ minute process such as this example for a large Power BI environment might be acceptable.
What problem are we solving?
When you're getting started with SQL Agent just viewing the job history and error log files via the graphical interfaces in SSMS might be sufficient. If you want to become more productive and proactive in your analysis, you'll look for a programmatic solution such as writing T-SQL queries against the SQL Agent tables in the MSDB system database including dbo.sysjobs, dbo.sysjobhistory, dbo.sysjobsteps, and others. Over the years several blog posts have been written containing T-SQL example approaches to querying this data and MS Docs itself provides an example T-SQL query for the job history table.
The Power BI-based solution starts with T-SQL queries but builds on top of this layer to leverage several of Power BI's rich and integrated features including Power Query functions, DAX expressions, reporting visualizations, and more. The core idea of this solution is to have a data model in place (a Power BI 'dataset'), including fact to dimension relationships and measures with built-in calculation logic to make it relatively easy to build SQL Agent reports and dashboards and to browse/analyze SQL agent history data.
Since the data model already includes the SQL Agent data stored in the MSDB database and can be refreshed on a schedule, users (typically DBAs and other IT admins) don't have to write new or modified SQL queries on an ad hoc basis to answer different questions. Within the PBIX file containing the data model itself or a separate file or tool connected to the published dataset users can drag-and-drop and filter to find what they need.
Its outside the scope of this blog post but you could leverage any number of tools to analyze the SQL Agent History Power BI dataset beyond Power BI itself. Given XMLA endpoint connectivity, you could use Excel, Paginated/SSRS reports, and other 3rd Party BI tools just like an Analysis Services database.
Report Pages (Visual Layer)
In describing any Power BI solution I'd prefer to start from the source systems and data and walk through the logic and components of the Power Query Editor and then the Modeling View before saying anything about any reports or dashboards. However, experience suggests that introducing the report/visual layer, at least a representative sample, further addresses the 'Why does this exist?' question and will help maintain attention to these two more fundamental layers.
With that being said, the following short slideshow displays the three report pages and highlights two tooltip pages included in this initial version of the template:
The two main report pages of the PBIX file that's generated from the template are the Job Level and Job Step Level pages. As mentioned earlier, SQL Agent is comprised of 'jobs' and 'jobs' contain one or many 'steps' which will execute on a schedule. Therefore, these two pages help address the most basic questions such as "Do I have any job failures?", "How long are my jobs taking to complete?", "Which steps within my jobs are taking the longest to complete or are failing?", etc.
There's a report-level filter (impacting all report pages) that's set for the trailing last 30 days and you can also use the Date slider at the top to modify the date range of the report based on the run date of the job. You can also use the slicer at the top right to filter for one or multiple 'jobs' of interest and the slicers are synchronized across the pages such that these selections will be carried over.
The tooltip pages are intended to provide additional context as you hover over a specific agent job or a specific agent job step. The bar charts on the Job Level and Job Step Level pages will render these tooltip pages to give additional details relevant to these specific items (or 'dimension members' if you prefer) including a line chart of the duration for the given job or step over time.
Many additional and more visually impressive and analytically powerful reports could be developed. Depending on the extent of SQL Agent usage these additional reports could make sense but for common use cases such as routine monitoring and troubleshooting these reports or slight variations might be sufficient and represent quite an improvement from ad hoc SQL queries).
The Data Model (Sematic Layer)
At the center of the solution are two star schema models – one for job history at the job level and one at the job step level. You might think of this as the header or order level of a sales or purchase order versus the line level of these transactions which includes the individual products.
The following two images from Modeling view expose the fact to dimension (many to one) relationships.
Both the SQL Agent Job Step History and the SQL Agent Job History fact tables have many-to-one relationships with the Date and the SQL Agent Jobs dimension tables. The SQL Agent Job Step History fact table also has an active many-to-one relationship to the SQL Agent Job Steps dimension table.
Each row of the SQL Agent Job History table reflects one instance of a job being executed from start to finish inclusive of all steps. Each row of the SQL Agent Job Step History table reflects the execution of one step of a job. The source table in the MSDB database for both the aggregate/job level fact table and the step-level fact table is dbo.sysjobhistory. Every row of a fact table should have the same meaning and therefore there's filtering logic in the solution to separate the rows representing the overall job from those representing an individual step of a job.
In addition to the relationships, there are display folders of basic DAX measures in each fact table per the following image:
As their names indicate, these measures either count the number of jobs or steps that succeeded or failed or apply an aggregation to a duration fact column (in minutes). The presence of the DAX measures and the relationships makes development of the report pages relatively straight forward.
Power Query (M) Data (ETL Layer)
The fact and dimension tables of the data model are the product of a data transformation process executed via T-SQL statements against the Agent tables in the MSDB system database and Power Query (M) expressions. The T-SQL statements contain logic to prep and stage the Agent tables in MSDB such as adjusting date and time columns into data types and structures more suitable for reporting. The results of these SQL queries are further enhanced and modified with Power Query (M) expressions.
Here's a look at the Power Query Editor:
Like normal, I like to use query groups to isolate queries into those that are being loaded to the data model (dimension and fact tables) from those that are not but are required for staging/prepping processes.
One item you might find a bit novel or interesting in this design is that I


text:
- 1891-01-21 - 1900-08-21 (Creation)
Level of description
Name of creator
The Constitution Act 1889 received Royal Assent on 15 August 1890 and came into operation when proclaimed on 21 October 1890. This Act effectively established self government in Western Australia and the Legislative Assembly was established as the elected chamber, or lower house, of the Western Australian parliament.
The six stated roles and functions of the Legislative Assembley are:
- forming a government;
- approving the finance for government operations;
- scrutinising the government's performance;
- providing a forum for matters of public concern; and
- representing the people of Western Australia.
Content and structure area
Scope and content
1) document relating to the first sitting of the Legislative Assembly 2) agreement by Legislative Assembly members to join the proposed Commonwealth of Australia.


Tips from Mass Defiance and Perris Fury
Written by: Ben Liston
Provided by the following sponsors:
Mass Defiance Performance Designs Perris Fury United Parachute Technologies
There have been numerous articles on how to form 4-way formation skydiving teams, but there doesn't seem to be much written direction on how to get the most from the jumps and tunnel time you have once you have worked out finances, overarching goals, and expectations for commitment. We hope that the following suggestions can help collegiate 4-ways teams prepare for this year's US and/or Collegiate Nationals. If you are brand new to 4-way, or skydiving in general, some of the stuff below might not make sense to you now but it will after you or your team start to make a few jumps, read some other articles, and/or talk to coaches or other 4-way junkies. Hopefully some of what we've written will be helpful both to folks who are brand new to formation skydiving and others who have done a bit of 4-way.
Each team certainly has its own strengths, weaknesses, dynamics, and goals, so don't take the following words as gospel, just use it as a starting point for a conversation about how to get the most out of your training. The first few sections below provide some explanations about common 4-way terms, and then there are a few sections about how to approach training.
While some of the info below comes from what our current teams have learned through our own training, much of it is a direct result of world class coaching we've been lucky enough to receive over the years. We'll try to keep things as general as possible in this article, but feel free to get in touch with us if you or your team have questions that aren't addressed here, or if you have some specific questions about blocks, exits, or specific moves (like you're having a hard time side sliding or moving backwards, for example).
Figuring out how to build each formation is made a bit simpler by sticking to what's called a "continuity plan." It's basically a way of engineering your exits and formations so that the same person is in the same place when you build various points. I'll do my best to explain how to pick who should go where, but my words might make more sense if you print up a copy of the dive pool to reference as you continue reading.
In looking over the dive pool, note that there are two types of formations:
 - Randoms - single points that are built and then you just move on to the next formation, and each has an individual name and corresponding letter that you can call them by.
 - Blocks – each having a starting point called the "Top" of the block and a closing point called the "Bottom" of the block. Each of these points also has a specific name and a corresponding number for the whole block. They usually have required moves between the top and bottom points that sometimes have people flying individually and possibly require two or three people to staying connected.
One of the best resources around to aid with learning is a version of the dive pool from Team Fastrax's website. Here's a link:
Team Fastrax
It's color coded and shows what is typically the best actual shape for each formation rather than the USPA pictures that just show the more conceptually rigid pictures of the formations. For example, the four way cat in the block CAT-CAT ("15"), is best built in the curved shape of a "C" instead of building it with all four people on a strait line like the USPA picture shows.
So, in the Fastrax pictures you'll find that each person's position is color-coded. What we'll refer to as the "Inside Center" or IC is in blue, the "Outside Center" or OC is in green, the Point is in red, and the Tail is in yellow. So who should go where? Part of the answer should be informed by experience, individual skill, and temperament, but also who feels comfortable in different exit slots. For Otter type doors, the IC is typically inside the plane toward the back of the door, the Point is inside the plane and toward the nose of the plane, OC is outside the plane towards the front of the door, and the Tail is usually outside the plane towards the back of the door. As teams get more advanced, this changes up for a few different exits, but for new teams it's typically best to stay in these spots and get comfortable with them. Here's an overview of the nature and skills required for the different slots:
Inside Center: This person has most of the "keys" (signaling that the formation is built and complete by letting go of her/his grips) and is responsible for starting the exit count. Ideally this person is good at staying calm enough in freefall to know when to push the pace of the skydive and when to slow things down as needed.
Outside Center: This person usually has the biggest moves from formation to formation (often 180s). The OC should be someone who can communicate well with the IC and be a confident and strong flyer who won't get pushed around as he/she is docked on.
Point: This person has a lot of the individual flying roles for certain blocks and is responsible for facing away from the rest of the team for many of the points. The Point should feel comfortable facing out and be a good solo flyer.
Tail: This person is typically docking last on each formation and I've heard coaches refer to the Tail as having to be a "completely different animal". Formations sometimes shift a bit as they are being built, and while teams should work to minimize this, the responsibility usually falls on the tail to make up for the changes in angles because the point is usually facing out and has a harder time adjusting. A good tail is hungry and agile in the air, but also is calm enough to make her/his moves quickly and dock softly.
You might notice that some of the formations printed in the Fastrax dive pool are backwards from the ones shown in the USPA dive pool. For example, the Fastrax one might show a left-hand DONUT (or "J") instead of a right-hand one, or a MEEKER (or "E") with a left-hand grip in the middle instead of a right-hand one.
Both are legal, count as complete formations, and can be used interchangeably even within the same jump. The same holds true for "blocks", but if you start in the mirror you need to finish in the mirror. Some people have a hard time conceptualizing mirrors. If so, just hold up the printed dive pool to a light with the back of the page facing you and take a look.
As stated above, it's typically best to just build things one way and avoid building a left hand center grip MEEKER (E) one time and a right one the next. I'd suggest just following the Fastrax dive pool since they show the ones that are easiest to exit and typically flow together the best.
Slot switchers are dives in which two members (usually the point and IC), sometimes all four members, of the team get switched back and forth in the formations over the course of the skydive. There are only a few blocks that make this happen and USPA has kindly kept most, if not all, of these nasty ones out of the Collegiate and Intermediate dive pools. It's well worth it to avoid the "memory" caused by slot switchers and mirrors by taking a slightly longer move. The one move might be rough, but getting yourselves into unfamiliar slots and increasing the likelihood of brain locks just isn't worth it.
While all the formations can be launched out of an Otter (sometimes with a cheater grip), new teams will typically score higher if they stick to a couple exits they know well and then grip switch or transition to the first required point of the jump. Since the clock starts ticking right when the first person leaves the plane, being able to move while on the hill and avoiding funnels is crucial. For new teams I'd recommend starting with the random SIDEBODY (or "P") as your exit and only move on to another one after you have the "P" exit down cold. I personally think that BOW ("H") is the easiest point to launch, but "P" is much better for transitioning to other points, so it's a good place to start.
To launch SIDEBODY, everybody should leave the plane at the same time with the Point being high enough to get her/his own air, and the Tail being low enough to get her/his own air too. If you picture everyone leaving together, presented to the relative wind and flying on the same plane, you should be able to draw a strait line through everyone's heads. This means that the OC and Tail's personal headings are angled at about 45 degrees to the right, and the IC and Point are each pointed about 45 degrees to the left (this is considering that the line of flight is the strait up/down heading).
Mass Defiance Sidebody Exit - Photos by "Scuba" Steve Feldman - click the thumbnails for larger images
If you get this exit down, you can certainly start to work on others, but you might find that having one exit that you can nail every time, and learning how to quickly maneuver from it to other points, will help you score better.
This sounds obvious but is worth writing. Training jumps are expensive – don't "wing it." You should spend at least 10 minutes creeping each jump (looking at the individual moves and running through the whole jump from exits – just walking it doesn't cut it!) Be sure to talk about grip plans, who is


text:
Definitions for scale insect
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
any of numerous small plant-sucking insects of the superfamily Coccoidea, the females of which are often covered by a waxy secretion resembling scales.
small homopterous insect that usually lives and feeds on plants and secretes a protective waxy covering
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"scale insect." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 18 May 2013. .


whats a line level input?
Discussion in 'Digital Audio' started by bipolardiscs, Jun 25, 2005.
 1. macrumors newbie
 Jun 17, 2005
 i'm trying to find the audio inputs on my rig and can't. it says built in audio and line level input. if i get a audio interface, where does it go?
 2. macrumors G5
 Oct 11, 2004
 On the Left Coast - Victoria BC Canada
 A line-level input is one that takes a pre-amplified signal, such as from a tape deck, a mixer or an electronic keyboard. Usually, this would not be sensitive enough for a microphone signal or an electric guitar or bass.
 An audio interface would have microphone and/or line level inputs and usually outputs as well, and it would attach to your machine via USB, Firewire or install in the machine as a PCI card or a PCMCIA card.
 Electrical audio signals within the range of -10 to +30 dBu. Usually in circuits with a 10k ohm load. Line levels are found on the outputs of tape decks, CD players, keyboards, mixers, most signal processing equipment, VCR's, etc. They can be balanced or unbalanced. Line level signals are much higher than microphone level signals.
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How is Europe transitioning to the green side?
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How is Europe transitioning to the green side?
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How will the Green Deal affect European citizens?
The Green Deal is the EU's ambitious initiative to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It was signed off at the end of 2020 and is the EU's priority for its seven-year budget which begins in 2021.
What's the big deal?
It aims to transform Europe's economy into a sustainable one from production to consumption, boosting the efficient use of resources, minimising waste and cutting greenhouse gas net emissions to zero.
A Climate Law, making the deal a legal obligation, is expected in the first half of 2021. Portugal has said this will be a priority for its six-month rotating EU presidency which began on the 1st of January 2021.
Sounds good, but are there any issues?
The move towards a low-carbon society is likely to put more of a burden on regions, countries and industries that rely heavily on fossil fuels.
The EU has said that the transition to a green economy must be "just and inclusive for all" and it is thus providing more than €100 billion to help regions that are most affected by the move to a green economy,
What's the European Social Fund got to do with it?
The European Social Fund (ESF), now the European Social Fund plus (ESF+), is the EU's main financial tool for building a more inclusive Europe. It funds projects across the EU, promoting employment and social inclusion.
Over the next seven years, it is investing more than €88 billion. This will help create new green jobs, support education opportunities and train people in new skills, as the economy moves towards a green and digital one.


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Satellite Image of Lake Carnegie in Australia
Lansat 7 (15m) Satellite Image of Lake Carnegie in Australia
Click on image to view in high resolution.
Lake Carnegie is an ephemeral lake in Western Australia. It fills with water only during very rare periods of significant rainfall, such as during the huge 1900 floods and in numerous recent tropical wet seasons when the monsoon and tropical cyclones have been moved south by recent climate change. In dry years, it is reduced to a muddy marsh.
Water entering the lake, unlike in more easterly playas of the Australian arid zone, does not come from well-defined river channels since the soils of the region are so weathered – lacking tectonic or glacial activity since the Carboniferous ice ages – that sediment is completely absent and the terrain so flat that only the most unweatherable rocks remain on the surface and well-defined river channels cannot form especially since the extreme age of the soils and consequent high rooting density of native flora limits runoff to an extreme extent. Image credit: NASA/USGS


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Design and Build has become more prevalent as the preferred form of contract in the construction industry over recent years. AMA have gained many years experience working with contractors of all sizes on a variety of projects ranging from multi-million pound developments to single houses. Our philosophy when working with contractor clients can be categorised into four key areas:
Creativity and Problem Solving
We discuss the brief with the contractor to establish the preferred method of construction. We then design a building that fits the brief, provides a cost effective solution, improving efficiency, smoothing the flow of production information and improving build ability. We also help to identify cost savings where possible and with careful collaboration aim to design out potential problems from the outset.
Listening and Understanding
We understand that there are key commercial drivers for the contractor such as programme, risk management, cost efficiency and build ability which we can usually identify at the start of the design process. We then work proactively to respond to them whilst working to ensure that the quality of the design is not compromised.
We acknowledge that the dynamics of project team relationships has changed and as such the traditional hierarchies of leadership have shifted to a much flatter structure of collaborative working. As design team leader we acknowledge that we need to be proactive in the context of ensuring that the contractors key project drivers are delivered.
Collaboration and Communication
Collaboration and Communication is key as it not only avoids costly errors but it also enables potential problems to be seen and dealt with at an early stage.


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Background and objectives:
Quelimane City, on the Cuácua River, suffers from cyclical floods as a result of a high water table and heavy rains. This project developed an urban development strategy in informal neighbourhoods, where approximately 80 per cent of the Quelimane population lives, with a special focus on water and sanitation conditions.
The overall objective was to promote a participatory development strategy by identifying and implementing innovative tools and solutions for improving water and sanitation conditions in degraded peri-urban areas of Quelimane City. Specific targets were to:
- Create adequate conditions and strengthen the capacity of the city council and the community in water, sanitation and slum upgrading projects.
- Plan and implement activities for improving drainage and road systems efficiency.
- Identify, test and apply sustainable solutions to facilitate access to safe drinking water.
- Reduce sanitation risks by proposing innovative technology and improving hygienic conditions.
- Set up an effective waste management system.
The main activities included:
- Recruiting local project staff, creating appropriate working conditions within the city council and the Community Committees (CCs), construction of two community centres and implementing capacity building and awareness activities.
- Carrying out regular community consultations, fieldwork activities and surveys in selected slum areas; agreeing on management rules at the local level.
- Sub-contracting technical team for drainage/roads, preparing a participatory urban plan for selected slum areas, purchasing building material and implementing improvement work with the local population.
- Installing 10 new water points connected to the main supply system and building 20 rainwater harvesting systems.
- Building ecological latrines and improving hygienic conditions of two public services.
- Purchasing waste management equipment and implementing a waste collection plan
The following results have been achieved:
- City Council of Quelimane equipped and capacitated.
- Two community centres constructed.
- Awareness campaigns, social events and training activities carried out on topics such as water, sanitation, health care, drainage maintenance, etc.
- An operational plan implemented mainly through labour-intensive activities for improving the drainage and road network efficiency prepared and approved by the municipal assembly.
- 10km of drainage channel cleaned and regularised, and a section of one kilometre of drainage channel that will benefit the entire city system paved, 20km of unpaved roads widened and consistently improved.
- Plan for expanding the water supply network to the densely populated peri-urban slum belt prepared.
- Ten new water points installed in the most densely populated slum areas of the city.
- Twenty rainwater collection systems with auxiliary tank built.
- A system to maintain water supply improvements is set-up, agreed and tested at community level.
- Four public lavatories with auxiliary water facilities built in two important markets and two primary schools located in informal neighbourhoods.
- A sanitation plan developed in the densely populated peri-urban slum belt.
- Waste management equipment acquired.


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Plant physiologists have known for several decades that plants emit sounds (Milburn and Johnson 1966). A bigger part of these 'crackling' or 'whispering' sounds are of transpiratory/hydraulic origin and are therefore related to the circulation of water and air within the plant as part of the transpiration process (Sandford and Grace 1985). The frequencies of the loudest acoustic emissions (the so-called cavitation pulses) lie mostly in the ultrasonic range, depending on the species-specific characteristics of plant tissues (Mayr and Rosner 2011).
Cavitation pulses (audible in our recording at the right side as single, loud clicks) are indications for embolism in the water transport system, which occurs when a plant is subjected to drought stress and desiccation (Jackson and Grace 1996). The excessive water tension in the water-conducting system leads to the rupture of water columns in plant vessels (caused by cavitations). Plants therefore 'whisper' louder as it gets drier in their environment.
In the audification process of the ultrasonic cavitation pulses and all other water transport-induced noises, we transposed the recorded signals in the audible domain using a resampling algorithm that decimates the input signal and converts inaudible high-frequency signals into audible low-frequency signals (applied frequency shift ratio in the recording on the right side: 10-1 [Specht 1998–2002]). Applying this method allowed us to keep the recording's original time scale by just changing the frequency of the signals.
Each plant species – in fact, each individual plant, has its own acoustic signature, related to its structure and local climatic conditions (figure 1). Investigating the acoustic emissions of a tree (figure 2) in response to dynamically changing climatic conditions might reveal biological or physical properties that place them in a broader ecophysiological context and make processes explainable that have only recently become well understood (Zweifel and Zeugin 2008; Zweifel, Rigling, and Dobbertin 2009).
As you may hear in our audio example here, there exist many further constantly present sounds in plants; controversially, it has been discussed whether these noises have a communicative function in the root area, using the soil as transmission medium (Gagliano, Mancuso, and Robert 2012).
Various artistic projects have subjected plant sounds to artistic investigation, intending to reveal a normally inaudible world. We mention here only a few examples: Justin Bennett's Hoor de Bomen, 2009; or Tree Listening by Alex Metcalf, 2007/2010; Data Tree by Christa Sommerer and Laurent Mignonneau; as well as Forest Symphony by Ryuichi Sakamoto, 2013. Artists have used our recordings of plant sounds for their own works, including Annea Lockwood, Kontraerklang (Chiara Kramer), Stephanie Wehowski, and others.
Recording and measurement of acoustic emissions
To be able to record and measure the acoustic emissions of a tree in the field, we had to adapt and 'hack' technical equipment normally used in non-destructive material testing (NDT) and bioacoustic research. The NDT acoustic emission sensors had to be made waterproof, and the bioacoustic preamplifiers, normally used to amplify the signals of hydrophones, had to be altered to provide a higher amplification rate due to the very low acoustic energy of the tree sounds.
We also built our own acoustic sensors, based on DIY technology like those used in many artistic experiments and performances: a copper wire pin was soldered onto cheap piezo elements to allow them to be coupled optimally into the tissue of a plant (figure 3). Piezo elements, so-called buzzers, are normally used in pocket calculators and watches as acoustic signallers (producing the beeps), but they may also be used as electro-acoustic transducers. Piezo buzzers are even more sensitive than expensive NDT transducers, because the piezoelectric ceramic layer is mounted on a very thin brass plate that needs much less sound energy to vibrate than a thicker ceramic element in an industrial transducer (Rossing 2007). Our frequency response tests showed that the piezo buzzers have resonances at 1 and 140 KHz, exactly the frequency domains where we expected most of the acoustic emissions (cavitation pulses and water transport noises).
The incoming signals were digitised and automatically measured with bioacoustic ultrasonic audio interfaces and recording software from Avisoft (with some adjustments to the software to enable recording and correct measurement of ultra-short pulses) and then logged together with the ecophysiological data. These data sets were then used for the data sonification.


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Can static illusions be cast on and move with moving objects?
As a 20th-level Illusionist Wizard, I can make an illusion of:
- a functioning volcano (Mirage Arcane)
- or a ferocious monster (Major Image)
- that can even deal damage (Phantasmal Force)
But using an illusion spell, can I, for example:
- put an illusory sweater on my dog?
- put an illusory blade on the end of my normal wooden staff that follows the staff even while I use it? (it would look scary!)
- put an illusory vase on a table, which moves with the table if the table is pushed? (it wouldn't get knocked over, of course)
Note: This question is about the general function and utility of illusion spells as a school of spells in 5e rather than about a specific spell. If specific illusion spells give different answers, that is a valuable part of the answer to this question.
Illusions can be cast at a place on the ground, and they stay there unless the spell gives you the ability to move them.
If the ground moves, does the illusion move? Does the D&D world spin like Earth does or fly through space? If so, the illusion usually moves with the ground on which it was cast.
Can an illusion spell such as Minor Illusion or Silent Image be cast on an object such as a sword or a table? If that object is then moved, does the illusion move with it? What about an illusory hat on my ally's head?
Put another way, what is the reference frame in which an illusion is cast, and is this something the caster can choose?
Clarification: I am not asking if I can pick up an illusion and move it, only if the illusion can be attached to something other than a fixed point on the ground and what happens when that something moves. A Minor Illusion would still be a simple, stationary object sort of illusion.


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For the most part, there were no problems getting along linguistically with New Zealanders. After all, we do share the same tongue. Since the first European settlers came from Merrie Olde England only recently (in the nineteenth century), it stands to reason that the Kiwi tongue will be very much English in the pronunciation of words.
A lot can change in 100 years.
Was the dialect we were hearing a blend of British and Aussie English with some Maori words and phrases thrown in? Is there a distinct New Zealand accent that we could separate from English spoken anywhere else, even in Australia? The answer is yes.
It's the vowels that distinguish the NZ speaker, I think. There is also a difference in how a Kiwi uses his tongue, but more on that later.
The influence of Maori is primarily in the names of plants and animals for which there are no English substitutes, and in the usage of some expressions. Many place names are also Maori.
What follows is not scientific by any means and would probably make a linguist cringe. Here goes.
The vowel that is most transformed in NZ English is "i." What is pronounced as a short "i" comes out sounding closer to a synthesis between a short "i" and short "u." Take the word "it." It comes out sounding like "ut." The phrase for which Kiwis are kidded (even ridiculed by Australians) is "fish and chips," which emerges as something closer to "fush and chups," though non-Kiwis tend to exaggerate the "u" sound.
Words ending in the sound "air," as in "hair" or "there," are pronounced like "ere," as in "here." So, "bear" and "beer" are homonyms in NZ.
Then, there is the inclination to pronounce words ending in "r" as "ah," as in the word December, which is a very British holdover. Therefore, "bear" is not like "beer" as in American English, but sounds more like "beeah." Furthermore, the second "e" in December emerges as a short "i" whose sound can only be made (by me, anyway) by pressing the edges of your tongue flatly along your upper teeth and pronouncing "cem" closer to "sim." There are more tongue gymnastics involved, but I'm convinced that Kiwis employ a tight tongue when speaking, whereas Americans tend not to engage their tongues with their teeth as much (floppy tongue).
Words with a short "e" sound, like in "eggs" and "said," come out like a short "i" with a tendency toward a long "e": eegs and seed. Ask a Kiwi to pronounce the letters F, L, M, N, S and X, and you're likely to hear eef, eel, eem, een, ees and eex.
Without question, the word that fascinates me most is the word "no," or any word that ends in an "o" sound. Again, the principle of the tight tongue applies. Americans will pronounce the "o" with no teeth-tongue contact, shaping their lips like an "o." Now, try clamping the lateral edges of your tongue along your upper teeth, forming a sort of barrel, then spread your lips slightly apart, and then say "no" while drawing the tip of your tongue upward into the barrel. If this is done properly, the word comes out sounding like "no-er-ey," with no emphasis on the last two parts. It almost sounds like two, even three, barely detectable syllables. When I first heard Kiwis say "no," I was amazed. I think some Brits pronounce it similarly, but nowhere with the same flair and exaggeration.
I noticed that I could fully understand older NZ'ers, whose dialect hadn't evolved to the point where I was struggling to make sense of their utterances. Was there a generational drift in dialect, much as what's happening here in America? Like, fer shur. Truth be told, there were some Kiwis whom we could not, for the life of us, entirely understand. And it would have been rude to say "excuse me" more than once.


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Supplementary Material for: Effective Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab in a Case of Serous Macular Detachment from the Superior Border of the Posterior Staphyloma
journal contributionposted on 03.02.2017 by Tsubota Y., Takahashi H., Sugisaki K., Tanabe T., Fujino Y.
Any type of content formally published in an academic journal, usually following a peer-review process.
Purpose: We present an atypical case of submacular fluid leading to serous macular detachment. Method/Patient: A 69-year-old man was evaluated for metamorphopsia in the left eye. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes. He had undergone cataract surgeries in both eyes 12 years ago. The axial length was 25.93 mm (OD) and 24.12 mm (OS). Optical coherence tomography showed posterior staphylomas and subretinal fluid on the superior border of the staphylomas in both eyes; in the left eye, submacular fluid was noted extending up to the macula. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed leakage from the superior border of the staphylomas in both eyes. The fluid persisted for 4 months. Four consecutive, monthly injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) were administered in the left eye; subsequently, the subretinal fluid gradually dissipated from the macula and became localized at the superior border of the staphyloma. This localization persisted for 12 months. Conclusions: We have detailed a case of submacular fluid that spread from the superior border of the posterior staphyloma in a patient with macular detachment, in whom intravitreal injections of bevacizumab were highly effective in eliminating the fluid.


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April 14, 2011
By Margaret Allen
The long-held theory that early human ancestors in East Asia crafted their tools from bamboo and wood is much more complicated than originally conceived, according to a new study.
Research until now has failed to address a fundamental question: Is it even possible to make complex bamboo tools with simple stone tools?
Now an experimental archaeological study — in which a modern-day flint knapper replicated the crafting of bamboo knives — confirms that it is possible to make a variety of bamboo tools with the simplest stone tools.
However, rather than confirming the long-held "bamboo hypothesis," the new research shows there's more to the theory, says archaeologist Metin I. Eren, the expert knapper who crafted the tools for the study.
Read the full story.
Visit Metin I. Eren's website.
# # #


Go to comixology.com or continue to _URL_
Ozy and Millie
Meet Ozy and Millie, two middle-grade students in Seattle who also happen to be foxes. This debut comic from Phoebe and Her Unicorn creator Dana Simpson centers around these two best friends as they take on the everyday challenges all middle-graders face—bullies, tests, and the dread of going back to school after a surprise snow day. Millie is a mischievous and inquisitive 10-year-old with a talent for evading homework, a habit of questioning authority, and a knack for inventing bizarre jump rope rhymes. Ozy is her calm, thoughtful counterpart, whose adoptive father, a red dragon named Llewellyn, is full of odd stories and ancient wisdom. Also featured are Felicia, a sheep at the head of the cool clique, and Avery, a hapless raccoon who desperately wants to be popular. Together they offer charming and fun stories while also allowing Simpson's sweetly philosophical humor to shine through. Evocative, funny, and gently philosophical, Ozy and MIllie will delight young readers with tales of friendship and school-age fun, while transporting older fans back to the honesty, openness and wonder of childhood.
Graphic Novels
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Archive for the 'the U.N.' Tag
Fixing the World, Bang-For-The-Buck Edition: A New Freakonomics Radio Podcast Leave a comment
Summary: Return on Investment (ROI) analyzes at the most efficient way to spend money. An example given is the difference between curing malaria and HIV/AIDS. To cure malaria, it would cost about $1,000 per person, while it would cost ten times that to cure HIV/AIDS, and it is decided that they would rather save 10 people from malaria before they save one from HIV/AIDS. The United Nations, with their Millennium Development Goals coming to a close, will be looking to set new goals in 2015, to be completed by 2030. One of the issued they will focus on is how they are setting goals, and how to be more efficient with the help of the Return on Investment analysis.
Original Air Date: October 2, 2014
Length: 43 minutes 34 seconds
Prompt / Discussion: You are a member of the United Nations, and are put in charge of coming up with new development goals for 2015. You have $100 billion to invest in various development aid. Discuss how you would prioritize between an important, expensive goal (such as getting all kids into school, which was one of the Millennium Development Goals), and something that might not be seen as highly important, but cost effective.


Modrý Kameň – castle
 Modrý Kameň was built before 1285, probably by the then-mentioned knight Petr Forró. After his death, the stronghold was taken over by the sons of Kazimir from the mighty Hunt-Poznanski family, but as early as 1290 the castle was recaptured by the siblings of Petr, the founders of the later mighty Balass family, who owned Modrý Kameň until the 19th century. A short break was only the period of reigns of Matthew III Csák, the magnate ruling in the early fourteenth century the areas of today's western Slovakia. However, after his death in 1321, the king returned Modrý Kameň to the rightful owners.
In the 1560s, the castle was rebuilt due to the Turkish threat. It didn't do much good, because in 1575, due to the flight of the crew, the castle was captured by the Ottoman army. They owned the castle until 1593, when they succumbed to the attacks of Mikuláš Pálffy and Krištof Tiefenbach. Before they retreated, however, they set fire and blew up the stronghold. In the years _PHONE_, the castle was rebuilt and enlarged by Sigismund Balassa. In the next war with Turkey in 1659, the castle was destroyed again.
In 1683, castle was conquered by the rebel armies of Imrich Tököly and was seriously damaged. The damage was not repaired by the owners and the upper, gothic part of the castle has been in ruins since then. In 1730 Gabriel Balassa built a baroque palace in the lower part of the castle, and in 1759 a chapel dedicated to Saint Anne. After the extinction of the Balassa family in 1899, the property was taken over by the Almášiov family. The last owner of the castle was duchess Almášiov, who in 1923 sold the entire estate to the Czechoslovak state.
 The oldest upper castle consisted of a perimeter of defensive walls of an oval shape and dimensions of approximately 46 x 32 meters, located on the top of a rocky hill. Residential and utility buildings were located along it. The gate was placed in a wall break on the south-east side, where the oldest residential building was also located, with at least one chamber was heated by a fireplace. The lower, outer defensive wall was an additional protection from the north and east. Descriptions of the castle from the first half of the 16th century, before the early modern transformations, also mention a stone tower, some wooden buildings over the basements, stone buildings, a chapel and a well.
 To the east of the castle's core was the outer bailey, transformed in the 16th century. It consisted of a vast courtyard surrounded by a wall of a rectangular shape and reinforced by two bastions. Entrance to its area was preceded by a wide ditch.
Current state
 Currently in the palace, whose walls coincide with the course of the walls of the lower castle, is a seat of a museum of toys. The preserved ruins of the upper castle are located on the other side of the palace's courtyard. The castle is open in May-October from 9.00-17.00, and in the remaining months from 8.00-15.00.
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Wasielewski A., Zamki i zamczyska Słowacji, Białystok 2008.


Developer Services portal requirements
Developer Services Portal v. 4.16.05
Following are the hardware and software requirements for installation.
Operating system
These installation instructions and the supplied installation files have been tested on the operating systems listed here:
1 GB
Hard disk
10 GB
Network interface
Active internet connection required.
As part of the installation process, the installer downloads resources from the web. If your environment is set up to proxy outgoing HTTP and HTTPS requests, then your proxy must be configured to correctly handle redirected requests that might occur during a download.
For example, a request to returns an HTTP 301 status code and redirects to
Your proxy should be configured to return an HTTP 200 status code with the requested content from the redirect.
For SAP installations, if your environment is set up to proxy outgoing HTTPS requests, then your proxy must support TLSv1.0. OpenSSL 0.9.8 does not support TLSv1.1 or TLSv1.2, only TLSv1.0.
MySQL Database Requirements
If you choose to install the MySQL Server on the same machine as the Developer Channel Services, the single-machine topology, the Developer Channel Services installer prompts you to enter the database name and database user, and then installs MySQL Server and creates the database schema for you. The version installed is the latest version available for your OS.
If you want the MySQL Server installed on a separate system, you must have already installed MySQL Server on that system before starting the Developer Channel Services installer. You must have installed MySQL 5.0.15 or later.
The Developer Channel Services installer requires that MySQL Server contains a database with an empty database schema. The Developer Channel Services installer prompts you for the database hostname, database name, and database user. The installer then connects to the database to create the default database tables and data.
The database user is used by Developer Channel Services to connect to the database, and must have the following privileges: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES.
For example, to create a database named devportal, and a user named devportal:
 1. Install MySQL Server on the system.
 2. Log into MySQL as root user by using the command:
 > mysql -u root -p
 3. Enter the root password when prompted.
 4. At the mysql> prompt, enter the following to create the devportal user:
 mysql>create user 'devportal'@'localhost' identified by 'devportal';
 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'devportal'@'localhost';
 mysql> flush privileges;
 mysql> quit
 5. At the system prompt, create the devportal database:
 > mysqladmin -u devportal -p create devportal
 Enter the devportal password.
 6. Log in to MySQL and grant access to devportal from the IP of the portal server:
 mysql> GRANT ALL ON devportal.* TO devportal@'portalIP' IDENTIFIED BY 'devportalPW';
 where portalIP is the IP address of the portal server, and devportalPW is the password of the devportal user.
 7. Edit /etc/my.cnf to set bind-address to the IP address of the MySQL server.
 8. Restart MySQL:
 > /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
 9. Make sure port 3306 is open on the MySQL server. This procedure is based on your operating system. For example, for Linux, use the command:
When you install Developer Channel Services, specify not to install MySQL Server locally. You will then be prompted to enter the IP address, username, and database name of the remote database.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Requirements
RHEL has extra requirements due to a subscription needed to access software downloads from Red Hat. The server must be able to connect to the Internet to download RPMs via yum. If using RHEL, the server must be registered on the Red Hat Network (RHN) and registered to the server optional channel.
The Red Hat requirements are checked during the install and the portal installer prompts you if RHEL is not already registered. If you already have Red Hat login credentials, you can use the following command to register RHEL before beginning the installation process:
> subscription-manager register --username=my_username --password=my_password --auto-attach
Replace my_username and my_password with your Red Hat credentials.
If you have a trial version of RHEL, you can obtain a 30-day trial license. See for more information.
SMTP requirements
By default, the portal sends mail by using the PHP mail() function. PHP tries to send email using sendmail on the local system, which can be configured in PHP's php.ini file.
In a production environment, Apigee requires that you configure an SMTP server to send email messages from the portal. Therefore, you must ensure that the Drupal can access the necessary port on the SMTP server. For non-TLS SMTP, the port number is typically 25. For TLS-enabled SMTP, it is often 465, but check with your SMTP provider.
Additional Requirements
In order to perform the installation, the user installing the software must have root access.
Deployment Architecture Requirements
Developer Channel Services has a single interface with the Apigee Management Server via a REST API in order to store and retrieve information about a user's applications. Developer Channel Services will need to be able to connect to the Management Server via HTTP or HTTPS, depending on your installation.
Information Required Before You Start the Install
Before starting the install, you must have the following information available:
 1. Which platform are you configuring: Red Hat or CentOS? If this is a Red Hat install, the machine must be registered on the Red Hat Network to download RPMs.
 2. Do you plan on installing MySQL on the local machine? Some HA installations require MySQL to be on a different machine than the one serving the portal web pages. If this is the case, do not install MySQL locally. If you want a simple install with everything on the same machine, then install MySQL locally.
 3. If you intend to access a remote MySQL server, the hostname, port, database name, username, and password of the remote MySQL server. The remote MySQL server should already be configured before you start the installation.
 4. What is the fully-qualified domain name of the web server? (This information will be added to /etc/hosts.) This should be an IP address or hostname, such as The default value is localhost.
 5. Do you want to use Apigee's default configuration for Apache's virtual host? One virtual host is created with the hostname you've specified above in Step 7.
 6. There are three pieces of information that allow your portal to communicate with the Apigee Edge management server. This information is as follows:
 1. URL of the Apigee Management API Endpoint: This will be either a hostname or an IP address. This is the REST endpoint to which all calls are made to create apps and register developers for app keys. The default endpoint is
 For an Edge for Private Cloud installation, the URL is in the form:
 Where EdgeIp is the IP address of the Edge management server and SSLport is the SSL port for the Edge management API. For example, 8443.
 2. Apigee Organization name: There is a relationship between portals and Apigee Edge organizations. You will set up the default organization when you set up the Management API Endpoint. The default value is my-org.
 3. Username and password for the management API endpoint: The calls from the portal to Edge must be performed by an administrator for your organization.
 This username/password is for an administrator on your organization and should be used only for connecting to Edge from the portal. For example, if you specify the credentials of a user, and that user is ever deleted on Edge, then the portal will no longer be able to connect to Edge. Therefore, create an administrator on your organization just for this connection.
 For example:


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Cytotoxic triterpenoids from Antrodia camphorata as sensitizers of paclitaxel†
In an attempt to discover anticancer triterpenoids from the medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata, a total of 60 triterpenoids (1–60) including 18 new ones (antcamphins M–X, 1–18) were isolated from its dish cultures. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR and HRESIMS data analyses. The absolute configurations were established by the modified Mosher's method, chemical transformation, or X-ray crystallographic data analysis. The cytotoxic activities of 1–60, together with previously reported compounds 61–81, were evaluated using four human cancer cell lines (HL60, U251, SW480, and MCF-7 cells). Compound 57 exhibited potent activities against all the four cell lines with IC50 values of 2.6, 8.2, 2.5, and 4.6 μM, respectively. Moreover, the combination of 10 and 69 (20 μM) could remarkably enhance their cytotoxic activities against the HL60 cells of paclitaxel (10 nM), with inhibition rates increasing from 19.6% to 58.2% and 70.6%, respectively.


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How to grow sweet cherries
Planting: Early spring, in well-drained, fertile soil. Avoid southern or western exposures, which would promote early blooming and put crops at risk from spring frost damage.
pH range: 6.2-6.8
Years until fruit bearing: 7-10
Pollination: Many are not self-pollinating. For those, plant at least two different sweet cherry varieties for fruit production.
Pruning: In late spring, after the trees have flowered, when the size of the coming crop and placement of fruit is apparent. Prune employing the method for apple and pear trees but also cut the top off the central leader after the tree has grown 4 or 5 inches in the first year. Thereafter, prune only to remove watersprouts, crowded limbs and those that threaten the vaselike shape of the tree, aiming to keep branches with the widest crotch angles. This may not need to be done for several years.
Fertilizing: Apply 10-10-10 weekly in early spring until fruit begins to form, and again right after harvest.
Harvest period: July. Netting may be needed to protect fruit from wildlife.
Storage: Keep refrigerated for up to a week.
Recommended varieties: Emperor, Francis, Hartland, Hedelfingen, Royalton, Stella


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The site is located in the backyard areas of street-fronting houses and one extant house is of 16th-century date. Earlier medieval houses may have occupied the street-fronting plots although these do not survive aboveground. It is probable that the backyard areas were used to keep stock, and pens and byres may have been constructed. There was, however, no evidence of this type of use in the area investigated.
Three test-trenches were excavated within the development. The soil profile indicated that a considerable amount of fill had been introduced on to the site in the past, presumably to level up the garden, and this was most noticeable on the east end of the site, nearest to the modern street-fronting houses. Test-trenching established that up to 1.7m of fill was introduced into the site. The upper 0.7–0.9m of this was modern fill and included modern pottery and glass. The layer below this may also be introduced and was a mix of mainly humic soil (topsoil) with some boulder clay. Evidence for a drain was uncovered in Trenches 1 and 2 at a depth of 1.7m below the modern ground level. A large ditch-like feature was recorded in Trench 1. This did not extend across the site to the north, although it may extend to the south. There were no datable finds to indicate the period of use. The ditch was relatively shallow, although recorded at a substantial depth below the modern surface, and was only 0.5m deep below the original surface. The feature may also have been part of a pit, as it appeared to have a relatively limited linear extent.
Rose M. Cleary, Department of Archaeology, University College Cork.
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Welcome to the intriguing world of operating table covers—a niche yet vital component in the healthcare sector. In this deep dive, we'll explore the cutting-edge trends and burgeoning market opportunities that are reshaping this industry. Operating table covers, often overlooked, play a pivotal role in ensuring sterility and efficiency in surgical environments. As we move forward, technological innovations and changing market dynamics are opening up new avenues for growth and development in this specialized field.
The Evolution of Operating Table Covers
The journey of operating table covers from basic, utilitarian drapes to advanced, multifunctional tools mirrors the evolution of medical science itself. In the past, these covers were simple, often rudimentary fabrics designed merely to protect the operating table. However, with the advent of more complex surgical procedures and heightened awareness of infection control, the demand for more sophisticated covers has surged. Today, they are not only about protecting the equipment but also about enhancing the sterility and efficiency of the surgical environment.
Material Innovations in Operating Table Covers
In an era where sustainability is paramount, the operating table cover industry is not falling behind. The shift towards eco-friendly materials is a response to the growing environmental concerns and the healthcare industry's commitment to reducing its ecological footprint. Sustainable covers, made from biodegradable or recycled materials, are gaining popularity. They offer the same level of sterility and protection as traditional covers but with the added benefit of being environmentally responsible.
The introduction of antimicrobial fabrics in operating table covers is a significant leap forward in infection control. These innovative materials are embedded with agents that actively combat microbes, reducing the risk of cross-contamination and healthcare-associated infections. This feature is particularly crucial in settings with high-risk patients or complex surgeries where the risk of infection is elevated. Antimicrobial covers not only enhance patient safety but also extend the lifespan of the covers by preventing microbial degradation.
Enhanced Sterility Features
Advancements in operating table covers have also focused on enhancing sterility. Modern covers are designed with advanced barrier technologies that prevent the penetration of liquids and microbes, crucial in maintaining a sterile field during surgery. These features are complemented by easy-to-use designs that ensure quick and efficient setup and disposal, reducing the risk of contamination during changeovers.
Design Improvements for Enhanced Functionality
Modern operating table covers are seeing a surge in ergonomic design innovations. These designs focus on ease of use, fitting snugly on various table types while allowing optimal access to the patient. The flexibility and adaptability of these covers make them suitable for a range of surgical procedures, from minor operations to complex surgeries. Ergonomically designed covers not only enhance the functionality of the operating space but also reduce the physical strain on the surgical team, leading to improved overall efficiency.
Customization for Specialized Surgeries
Customization is becoming increasingly important in the operating table cover industry. As surgeries become more specialized, the need for covers that cater specifically to different types of procedures is growing. Custom covers can be designed with specific features such as integrated pockets for surgical tools, special openings for robotic arms, or specific textures and thicknesses for different surgical needs. This level of customization enhances the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures, making the operating room more adaptable and responsive to the needs of the surgical team.
Environmental Sustainability in Production
Eco-friendly Manufacturing Processes
The shift towards eco-friendly manufacturing processes in the production of operating table covers is a reflection of the broader move towards sustainability in the healthcare industry. Manufacturers are adopting green practices, such as using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and implementing recycling programs. These practices not only minimize the environmental impact but also appeal to the growing segment of environmentally conscious consumers.
Reducing Carbon Footprint
In line with global efforts to combat climate change, the operating table cover industry is also focusing on reducing its carbon footprint. This involves optimizing manufacturing processes, reducing energy consumption, and selecting materials that have a lower environmental impact. By addressing the carbon footprint, manufacturers are not only contributing to a healthier planet but also aligning with the sustainability goals of hospitals and healthcare facilities.
Market Demand Post-Pandemic
Increased Demand in Healthcare
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a significant increase in demand for medical supplies, including operating table covers. This surge is attributed to the heightened focus on infection control and the rapid expansion of healthcare facilities worldwide. The pandemic has underscored the need for high-quality, reliable medical supplies, propelling the operating table cover industry into a period of accelerated growth and innovation.
Global Market Trends
The global market for operating table covers is witnessing diverse trends, influenced by regional healthcare needs, regulatory environments, and technological advancements. In developed markets, there is a growing preference for high-tech, customizable covers, while in emerging markets, the focus is on cost-effective and durable solutions. Understanding these regional differences is crucial for manufacturers and suppliers aiming to expand their global footprint.
Regulatory Compliance and Safety Standards
Meeting International Standards
Navigating the complex landscape of international standards and regulations is a critical aspect for manufacturers in the operating table cover industry. Compliance with standards such as ISO and CE marking is essential to ensure product safety and efficacy. Adhering to these standards not only ensures market access but also builds trust with healthcare providers and patients.
The certification process for operating table covers involves rigorous testing and quality assurance measures. Manufacturers must consistently meet high standards in material quality, sterility, and performance. Obtaining certifications can be challenging, but it is a crucial step in establishing credibility and ensuring that the products meet the stringent requirements of the healthcare industry.
Challenges and Opportunities for Suppliers
Supply Chain Management
Effective supply chain management is a significant challenge for suppliers in the operating table cover industry. The need to balance cost, efficiency, and quality while navigating global logistics and fluctuating market demands requires strategic planning and flexibility. However, these challenges also present opportunities for innovation in logistics and supply chain optimization.
Expansion into Emerging Markets
Emerging markets present vast opportunities for suppliers of operating table covers. These markets are characterized by rapidly growing healthcare sectors and an increasing demand for medical supplies. For suppliers, expanding into these markets requires understanding local healthcare needs, regulatory landscapes, and establishing strong distribution networks. Successfully tapping into these markets can lead to significant growth and a broader customer base.
In conclusion, the operating table cover industry is at an exciting juncture, marked by rapid advancements and growing market opportunities. From technological innovations to sustainable manufacturing practices, the industry is evolving to meet the changing needs of the healthcare sector. As we look to the future, the industry is well-positioned to continue its growth trajectory, driven by the twin forces of innovation and market demand.
- What makes sustainable materials in operating table covers important? Sustainable materials are important as they reduce environmental impact and align with the healthcare sector's commitment to eco-friendly practices.
- How do smart operating table covers contribute to surgical safety? Smart covers equipped with sensors provide real-time data on sterility and environmental conditions, enhancing safety and efficiency in surgeries.
- Why is customization important in operating table covers? Customization allows for covers to be tailored to specific surgical procedures, improving functionality and safety in the operating room.
- How did the pandemic impact the demand for operating table covers? The pandemic increased demand for medical supplies, including operating table covers, due to the heightened focus on infection control and the expansion of healthcare facilities.


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Acronyms that contain the term MSG
What does MSG mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: MSG.
We've found a total of 3 shorthands for MSG:
What does MSG mean?
- monosodium glutamate, MSG(noun)
- white crystalline compound used as a food additive to enhance flavor; often used in Chinese cooking


Creating and sharing knowledge for telecommunications
Editorial: Special Issue on Network Coding
Monteiro, F. A. ; Burr, A ; Chatzigeorgiou, I. ; Hollanti, C. ; Krikidis, I. ; Seferoglu, H. ; Skachek, V.
Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing Vol. 2017, Nº 29, pp. 1 - 3, April, 2017.
ISSN (print): _PHONE_
ISSN (online):
Journal Impact Factor: 1,055 (in 2008)
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1186/s13634-_PHONE_-2
Download Full text PDF ( 295 KBs)
Future networks are expected to depart from traditional routing schemes in order to embrace network coding (NC)-based schemes. These have created a lot of interest both in academia and industry in recent years. Under the NC paradigm, symbols are transported through the network by combining several information streams originating from the same or different sources.
This special issue contains thirteen papers, some dealing with design aspects of NC and related concepts (e.g., fountain codes) and some showcasing the application of NC to new services and technologies, such as data multi-view streaming of video or underwater sensor networks. One can find papers that show how NC turns data transmission more robust to packet losses, faster to decode, and more resilient to network changes, such as dynamic topologies and different user options, and how NC can improve the overall throughput. This issue also includes papers showing that NC principles can be used at different layers of the networks (including the physical layer) and how the same fundamental principles can lead to new distributed storage systems. Some of the papers in this issue have a theoretical nature, including code design, while others describe hardware testbeds and prototypes.


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August 17, 2012
Close-up of the remarkable, raptor-like claws of Trogloraptor. Photo by: Griswold CE, Audisio T, Ledford JM.
"This is something completely new," lead author of a paper on the species, Charles Griswold with the California Academy of Sciences, told SFGate. "It's a historic event."
The discoverers, who published their description paper in the open-access journal Zoo Keys have named the new species Trogloraptor, which translates loosely to "cave robber," and they have dubbed a new spider family—Trogloraptoridae—to accommodate what they believe is a primitive spider. The full species name is Trogloraptor marchingtoni after one of its discoverers.
Male Trogloraptor in the lab. Photo by: Griswold CE, Audisio T, Ledford JM.
Spanning four centimeters with extended limbs, the spider spins sparse webs on cave ceilings. The researchers consider it is most closely related to goblin spiders, but more primitive still. Almost nothing is known about the new species' behavior; even what it eats remains a mystery. In fact, the researchers have tried feeding captured spiders various foods, but to date the arachnids have refused the offerings and perished. Still, its sickle claws suggest that Trogloraptor marchingtoni is a stupendous hunter.
While the spider was first discovered in caves near Grants Pass, Oregon, individuals have recently been found in the forests of Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park in California.
Tens-of-thousands of new species are discovered every year, but uncovering a new 'family' is a very rare occurrence. Taxonomic families often cover large groups of animals; for example, all of the world's cats, from tigers to domestic pets, belong to one family, the Felidae.
A better look at the head. Photo by: Griswold CE, Audisio T, Ledford JM.
Leg and claw. Photo by: Griswold CE, Audisio T, Ledford JM.
CITATION: Charles E. Griswold, Tracy Audisio, Joel M. Ledford. An extraordinary new family of spiders from caves in the Pacific Northwest (Araneae, Trogloraptoridae, new family). ZooKeys 215: 77–102, doi: 10.3897/zookeys._PHONE_
'Penis snake' discovered in Brazil is actually a rare species of amphibian
(08/02/2012) A creature discovered by engineers building a dam in the Amazon is a type of caecilian, a limbless amphibian that resembles an earthworm or as some are noting, part of the male anatomy.
'The lion of the cave:' new predatory, swimming cricket discovered in Venezuela
(08/06/2012) Scientists have discovered what is likely a new species of cricket that is the top predator of its lightless world: a cave in a Venezuelan tepui. The fauna of cave was documented by BBC filmmakers as researchers uncovered not only a large, flesh-eating cricket but a new species of catfish.
Scientific expedition to survey species in China's Bigfoot territory
(07/02/2012) This month, nearly 40 scientists will enter a wild and remote region of western China, reports China's state media Xinhua. Spending several weeks in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, the researchers hope to study rare species like the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana), which is listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List. But the forest is also the source of China's 'wild man' sightings; known locally as the 'Yeren,' the unconfirmed primate has also been dubbed China's Bigfoot.
Frog secretion illicitly used to help racehorses run faster
(06/21/2012) A compound found in the secretions of a South American frog is being used to boost the performance of racehorses, reports The New York Times.
Why bird droppings matter to manta rays: discovering unknown ecological connections
(06/04/2012) Ecologists have long argued that everything in the nature is connected, but teasing out these intricate connections is not so easy. In fact, it took research on a remote, unoccupied island for scientists to discover that manta ray abundance was linked to seabirds and thereby native trees.
Blue tarantula, walking cactus, and a worm from Hell: the top 10 new species of 2011
(05/23/2012) A sneezing monkey, a blue tarantula, and an extinct walking cactus are just three of the remarkable new species listed in the annual Top Ten New Species put together by the International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University. This year's list includes a wide-variety of life forms from fungi to flower and invertebrate to primate.
Jaguar v. sea turtle: when land and marine conservation icons collide
(05/16/2012) At first, an encounter between a jaguar (Panthera onca) and a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) seems improbable, even ridiculous, but the two species do come into fatal contact when a female turtle, every two to four years, crawls up a jungle beach to lay her eggs. A hungry jaguar will attack the nesting turtle, killing it with a bite to the neck, and dragging the massive animal—sometime all the way into the jungle—to eat the muscles around the neck and flippers. Despite the surprising nature of such encounters, this behavior, and its impact on populations, has been little studied. Now, a new study in Costa Rica's Tortuguero National Park has documented five years of jaguar attacks on marine turtles—and finds these encounters are not only more common than expected, but on the rise.
New reptile discovered in world's strangest archipelago
(04/25/2012) Few people have ever heard of the Socotra Archipelago even though, biologically-speaking, it is among the world's most wondrous set of islands. Over one third of Socotra's plants are found no-where else on Earth, i.e. endemic, while 90 percent of its reptiles are also endemic. Adding to its list of unique life-forms, researchers have recently uncovered a new skink species that is found only on the island of Abd al Kuri, which is slightly smaller than New York City's Staten Island. Dubbed the "the other Galapagos," the four Socotra islands are under the jurisdiction of Yemen, although geographically speaking the islands are actually closer to Somalia.
Beyond Bigfoot: the science of cryptozoology
(03/26/2012) Anyone who doubts cryptozoology, which in Greek means the "study of hidden animals," should remember the many lessons of the past 110 years: the mountain gorilla (discovered in 1902), the colossal squid (discovered in 1925, but a full specimen not caught until 1981), and the saola (discovered in 1992) to name a few. Every year, almost 20,000 new species are described by the world's scientists, and a new book by Dr. Karl Shuker, The Encycloapedia of New and Rediscovered Animals, highlights some of the most incredible and notable new animals uncovered during the past century.
Photos: New species spins the world's strongest and largest spider web
(09/20/2010) A newly discovered species of spider in Madagascar spins the world's longest web, report scientists writing in the Journal of Arachnology and PLoS ONE.
Cricket mothers warn offspring about spiders before they hatch
(02/21/2010) Cricket mothers are long gone by the time their infants hatch, so one would assume that cricket parents have little effect on their offspring's behavior. Not so, according to a new study in the American Naturalist which proves that mother crickets have the potential to teach their offspring—while still in their eggs—about the hazards of spiders.


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This is the front cover of the book.
About Soyer's Shilling Cookery for the People
Alexis Soyer (1809-58) made his reputation as chef at London's prestigious Reform Club. Soyer loved to perform, and many regard him as Britain's first celebrity chef. He was a brilliant self-promotor. He marketed a range of his own products: kitchen equipment, recipe books, sauces and relishes. He opened his own art gallery. And he even conducted tours of the Reform Club's state-of-the-art industrial kitchens. On the day of Queen Victoria's coronation he prepared a breakfast at the Reform Club for over 2000 people.
But Soyer was equally concerned to improve the standard of cooking amongst the poor. A Shilling Cookery for the People is full of practical advice, based on the assumption that many readers could not afford to follow complicated recipes, or purchase elaborate kitchen utensils.
The book is typical of Soyer's desire to democratise the rules of cookery - bringing to the masses techniques that in France were part of an everyday culinary vocabulary. For example, in one chapter Soyer describes a visit to a house in St Giles (one of London's poorest parishes), where he performs a lesson in coffee making.Much of the book is in the form of personal letters written to friends, creating a cosy and somewhat romantic authorial voice - a stark contrast to Mrs Beeton's militaristic tone.
Soyer devoted much of his life to a number of philanthropic projects. He worked on Irish famine relief, creating the first properly designed soup kitchen. And he worked with Florence Nightingale in the Crimea, improving the diet of wounded soldiers. The Morning Chronicle said of Soyer, 'he saved as many lives through his kitchens as Florence Nightingale did through her wards.'


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Boreth Ly Assistant Professor of Art History, University of California, Santa Cruz.
The ancient city of Pagan (or Bagan) was capital of the Pagan Kingdom, and its plains were the site of building over 10,000 Buddhist temples, stupas and monasteries from the 11th to 13th centuries, during a period when several forms of Buddhism coexisted. Over 2200 temples survive and are a top site for visitors. Professor Ly introduces their architectural innovations, exceptional masonry, and sculpture.
Other lectures in this series:
SAM member series: $43


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How to trigger a workflow during termination of Contingent Worker?
"Image/data in this KBA is from SAP internal systems, sample data, or demo systems. Any resemblance to real data is purely coincidental."
Employee Central - Contingent Worker
Step 1: Create a Business Rule with Work Order as base object.
Step 2: Assign this rule to Work Order object under Configure Object Definition > Save Rule
Step 3: Go to Employee's Profile > Take Action > Edit Work Order Information and change the End date. Workflow will get triggered.
Workflow for Contingent Worker, Termination of Contingent Worker, Work order workflow, End of Work order Workflow, Work Order, workorder, KBA, LOD-SF-EC-CWF, Contingent Workforce, Problem