(Note: This Op-Ed originally ran in the Detroit Free Press on Aug. 3, 2007)
If you're tired of hearing the same old solutions to intractable public school problems, consider a proposal that enjoys bipartisan support and would help Michigan save multiple millions, improve public schools and provide educational opportunity for all children: universal education tax credits.
Tax credits for elementary and secondary education were proposed in the 1970s by policymakers such as the late U.S. Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a New York Democrat. The idea has been embraced by an unlikely mix of prominent policymakers, including Democrats like New York Gov. Eliot Spitzer and Newark Mayor Cory Booker, and Republicans like South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford and former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush.
Stay Engaged
Receive our weekly emails!
Education tax credits provide a tax cut to parents, relatives and philanthropists who make financial contributions that enable children to attend an independent (including private and parochial) school of their choice. At the preschool and college levels, those investing in education have long been able to offset costs with tax credits or deductions. Amazingly, elementary, middle and high schools are the exceptions in the system.
If Michigan were to alter an arcane provision in the state constitution, universal education tax credits could be implemented, allowing parents or relatives who pay tuition at independent elementary and secondary schools to receive a credit against the state income tax or the statewide property tax. Additionally, low-income families with smaller tax liabilities could benefit from the generosity of businesses that would throng to contribute to scholarships.
Why would businesses be generously supportive? For starters, businesses have paid hundreds of billions in taxes for an education system that continues to exhibit disheartening achievement, graduation and remediation trends. Facing global competition, businesses would benefit from reversing these trends and from the Michigan business tax credit they would receive for contributing directly to workforce development.
In Pennsylvania, more than 2,300 businesses have contributed to scholarship-granting organizations since that state's education tax credit was adopted in 2001. Pennsylvania recently raised the limit on its education tax credit due to the popularity of the program. Indeed, Pennsylvania's Democratic Gov. Ed Rendell is proud of doubling the total amount of education tax credits during his administration.
Florida, Arizona, Rhode Island, Iowa, Illinois and Minnesota also offer education tax credits and/or deductions.
Education tax credits would save Michigan's school aid fund about $680 million annually if only 20 percent of current public school students benefited from a credit valued at half of last year's state foundation allowance. The other half of the allowance could be used to increase public schools' per-pupil revenues.
A tax credit would help thousands of children escape failing schools. Average tuition for a Michigan independent school — absent grants from a church or other sponsor — is about $4,700, according to preliminary results of an ongoing Mackinac Center survey. That amount is less than half of public schools' revenues per pupil.
After the tax credit, parents would only have to contribute about $1,200 for tuition, a bill that most families would likely be willing to pay if it allowed them to secure a quality education for their children.
A growing body of research on programs around the country and the world indicate that implementing the program would expose public schools to the positive benefits of competition in a larger education market, thereby helping them improve.
Education tax credits would also help Michigan realize the ideal of public education: equal access to educational opportunities for all children. Today, most children in the public system attend a school based on their ZIP code, not their individual needs. Unless they can afford a house in their chosen district, most parents are left with few alternatives. Districts limit the enrollment of students not assigned to their boundaries and many charter public schools are full.
Michigan policymakers should embrace this bipartisan vision and give voters the opportunity to repeal the Draconian constitutional amendment blocking education tax credits. What could be better than saving school revenue while allowing all Michigan children equal educational opportunities?
Post a public comment on this.
View all comments on Mackinac Center articles.
Related Articles:
Worker's Choice: Freeing Unions and Workers From Forced Representation
How Pensions Are Bankrupting Cities and States and How to Fix It
Management Model No Guarantee of County Pension Soundness
Legacy Society
Survey: Most Michigan Schools Outsource Noninstructional Services


text:
$19.99 for a three-book Scholastic math and reading jumbo-workbook set ($44.97 list price). This set includes:
- Reading and math jumbo workbook grade pre-K
- Reading and math jumbo workbook grade K
- Reading and math jumbo workbook grade 1
####Three-Book Scholastic Math and Reading Jumbo-Workbook Set These jumbo workbooks broaden the intellectual horizons of children age 4–8 with teacher-approved lessons ranging from phonics and spelling to counting and shapes. The included assessment tests and web links to learning games further hone little students' skills and help parents track their progress. Each hardcover workbook includes more than 300 pages of skill-building exercises to help kids rise to the top of the class without the need for a thermos filled with helium. Stickers and certificates of achievement keep kids engaged and their confidence up as they trace letters, identify patterns, and learn to spell such age-appropriate vocabulary words as "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious."
#####Features * Three Scholastic hardcover jumbo workbooks * Lessons cover the alphabet, phonics, spelling, counting, and shapes * Teacher-approved exercises * Progress-tracking assessment tests * Includes stickers, certificates of achievement, and web links to learning games * More than 300 colorful pages in each book * Helps to further kids' learning in the classroom * Designed for children ages 4–8 and particularly advanced golden retrievers
How to get your goods: by purchasing this Groupon and providing your name and shipping address, your order is complete!
For questions pertaining to this deal, please visit the deal Q&A on this page. For post-purchase inquiries, please contact [Groupon customer service](_URL_
View the [Groupon Goods FAQ](_URL_ for additional information, including [how list price is determined](_URL_
"Great for the Groupon price. My son kept getting upset that the door doesn't stay shut (maybe add a velcro tab for this as well?), so we use a binder clip to shut it..."
"Great for the Groupon price. My son kept getting upset that the door doesn't stay shut (maybe add a velcro tab for this as well?), so we use a binder clip to shut it for him. He absolutely loves the vehicle mode but doesn't use it for the storybook or floor mat. "
"I purchased the convertable storybook for my 2 yr. old nephew and it is his favorite "toy". I am now the favorite Aunt in the family, according to him. :-) Wonderful..."
"I purchased the convertable storybook for my 2 yr. old nephew and it is his favorite "toy". I am now the favorite Aunt in the family, according to him. :-) Wonderful product."
"My grandson loved it. He loves cars and the book was perfect. He is 4 years old and tall for his age and fit in it great. "

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Get Example source ABAP code based on a different SAP table
garbage collector Deletes objects that are no longer referenced by heap references or field symbols and for which no method is registered as an event handler. The garbage collector is called periodically by the ABAP runtime environment. It tracks the reference variables of deleted objects. See also weak reference.


text:
This whiteboard template provides scaffolds in the form of sentence starters and describes the structure of the components of a Math Argument on a Whiteboard. Students can refer to this whiteboard template as they craft their arguments.
ADI posters are a great resource for students as they navigate the different parts of ADI labs. Giving students informative tools can help empower them to tackle tough tasks on their own. Information on posters is always up and visible, ready for students to use it to solve problems and answer questions independently.
Dimensions: 24" x 36"


text:
Memoirs, other writings, deposition, and correspondence, relating to King Michael,
Romanian participation in World War II, the transition of Romania from monarchy to
communist regime, and Romanian emigre affairs. Includes a dissertation on Swiss
Jacques M. Vergotti was born in 1915. A Major in the Romanian Army, he served as aide to
Michael I, King of Romania, between _PHONE_. He witnessed the last year of the Romanian
monarchy and the palace coup of December 30, 1947, when the King was overthrown and the
Popular Republic of Romania was proclaimed. He was one of the few people allowed to leave
the country together with the King, whose aide he was for one more year. He then
emigrated to the US and has lived there since.
3 manuscript boxes
1.25 linear feet)
For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.
Collection open for research.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Student Surveys in Maryland
Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Maryland's 2004 General Assembly mandated that the public schools in Maryland participate in the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This survey is conducted every other year to survey particpation of adolescents in at risk behaviors, their perception of safety in schools and healthy behaviors. The 2005 YRBS was conducted in Maryland for the first time. A copy of the 2005 National YRBS results is available online at www:_URL_.
MMWR Surveillance Summary includes results from the National YRBS and from state and local YRBS's. The Surveillance Summary and related resources are located at _URL_
2011 Maryland Youth RISK Behavior Survey
2011 Maryland Youth RISK Behavior Survey (2.1mb) Web Version
(18.7mb) High Quality Version
2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
2005 Maryland YRBS Report and 2005 YRBS PowerPoint.
Contact Richard Scott, School Counseling Specialist, at _PHONE_ for more information.
Maryland Adolescent Survey
The Maryland Adolescent Survey (MAS) has been conducted since 1992. The survey is conducted every other year. It collects data to determine the nature, extent, and trend of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use among adolescents and provides findings on: protective factors; knowledge about the consequences of ATOD use; parenting and peer influences; information about impaired driving among twelfth graders; and reveals how safe our students feel at school, going to or from school, and in their neighborhoods. Contact Peter Singleton, Specialist, Safe and Drug Free Schools at _PHONE_ or at _EMAIL_


text:
From Ohio History Central
Tumey v. Ohio was a case considered by the United States Supreme Court in 1927. The court struck down an Ohio law that denied citizens their constitutionally guaranteed right to due process by financially rewarding public officials for successfully prosecuting cases related to Phohibition.
Following the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919, the Ohio government implemented stringent measures to enforce Prohibition within the state's borders. One law, the Crabbe Act, compensated mayors, justices of the peace, various judges, and other law enforcement officials with additional money beyond their normal pay whenever they arrested, convicted, and fined violators of the Eighteenth Amendment. Many legal officials sought to extend their jurisdiction into nearby cities to arrest and prosecute more violators and to enhance the judges' own paychecks.
This particular law became the foundation for Tumey v. Ohio, a case before the United States Supreme Court, in 1927. In North College Hill, Ohio, a man was arrested for illegally possessing alcohol, a violation of the Eighteenth Amendment. This man contended that the law compensating officials with additional money for liquor cases violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution by depriving him of "due process of law." Attorneys for the accused man claimed that judges were more likely to convict accused people because convictions increased the judges' and other law enforcement officials' salaries. In March 1927, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiff over the defendant, the State of Ohio.
Upon losing the case before the Supreme Court, the Ohio legislature attempted to enact another law that would compensate judges for hearing additional cases beyond a normal number. It would not matter how the judges ruled in the cases; the state and local governments would guarantee the judges' additional pay. This legislation was never implemented. Ohio voters defeated the measure in a referendum in the autumn of 1927 by a two-to-one advantage.
Tumey v. Ohio and the events that resulted from it illustrate the divisions among Ohioans over Prohibition.
- Behr, Edward. Prohibition: Thirteen Years that Changed America. New York, NY: Arcade Pub., 1996.
- Clark, Norman. Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition. New York, NY: Norton, 1976.
- Kobler, John. Ardent Spirits: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. New York, NY: Putnam, 1973.


36 Results Found for Veronica Howe! Select a State Below
Fun Facts and Statistics
People named Veronica Howe
Statistics out of all 36 people named Veronica Howe
Income Average
Average Age
Phone, Email, & Address
White Pages & Public Records for Veronica Howe
News and Updates
Public Mentions for Veronica Howe
Interesting Facts about Veronica Howe
Meaning of Last Name
"howe" family name, ancestry, and history
Howe is a surname from the Old Norse haugr meaning hill, knoll, or mound and may refer to: *Andrew Howe, Italian athlete. *Albion P. Howe, American Union Army general during the American Civil War. *Clarence Decatur Howe prominent Canadian politician. *Daniel Walker Howe (born 1937), American historian *Dylan Howe (born 1969), Jazz drummer *Eddie Howe, Former English footballer for, and current manager of, AFC Bournemouth. *Elias Howe (_PHONE_), inventor of the sewing machine *E. W. Howe, US novelist *Geoffrey Howe (born 1926), British politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer under Margaret Thatcher *George Howe (_PHONE_), British general in French and Indian War *Gordie Howe (born 1928), ice hockey player *Greg Howe, musician *Irving Howe (_PHONE_) American literary and social critic *Jackie Howe (1861–1920) Australian sheep shearer *James Wong Howe (_PHONE_) Chinese-born American cinematographer *Joseph Howe (_PHONE_), Nova Scotia politician *John Howe (_PHONE_), English Puritan theologian *John Howe (born 1957), Canadian illustrator *Julia Ward Howe (_PHONE_), US reformer *Les Howe (_PHONE_), baseball player *Linda Moulton Howe (born 1942), American investigative journalist and documentary producer-writer-director-editor *Louis McHenry Howe (_PHONE_), political advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt *Michael Howe (_PHONE_), Australian bushranger *Michael Howe (died 2002), British cognitive psychologist *Mike Howe, musician *Neil Howe, Generationalist *Paul Tony Howe (born 1968), British swimmer *Richard Howe (_PHONE_), British admiral in American revolution *Samuel Gridley Howe (_PHONE_), abolitionist & educator *Steve Howe (_PHONE_), baseball player *Steve Howe, musician *Timothy O. Howe (_PHONE_), American politician *Tina Howe (born 1937), American playwright *Virgil Howe, musician *William Howe (_PHONE_) British general in American revolution
Tag Cloud
Veronica Howe
 - arizona
 - singapore
 - ealing
 - facebook
 - image
 - dies
Potential Email Matches
Popular Email Services and Username Matches
Most Popular Email Providers


Apples Green - Chemical Free
Apples Green - Chemical Free
Regular price $7.50
Chemical Free*
Juicy and chemical free Green Apples. Green Apples, as the name suggests, have an even, bright green skin, sometimes greenish-yellow with a round-conical shape. Compared with their Red Sisters, Green Apples have an acidic flavour with just a hint of sweetness. Green apples are juicy, crispy-crunchy and off course, delicious!
Commonly eaten raw, they are also good for smoothies, sauces, slaws, baking, stewing, dehydrated or cooking in recipes that require an acidic apple variety. The green apple makes for a perfect snack or can be, thinly sliced throughout salads, used in curries, sauces or baked in cakes, whole baked and stuffed for a warm winter treat.
Delicious combinations include, green apple and peanut butter, green apple and blue cheese, green apple and sandwich/wrap and of course green apples in pies, crumbles, cakes and pastries.
Green Apples are usually available all year round.
Green Apples are a great source of Vitamins (A and C), nutrients, dietary fibre and naturally low in fat and sugar, and no cholesterol, they are also a good source of potassium.
The antioxidants and flavonoids in apples help prevent respiratory disease, while the fibre helps with digestion and reduces the risk of developing diabetes.
Pick apples unblemished, unbruised end with thick skin, bruised or cut apples will oxidate and discolour quite quickly.
Store apples in your refrigerator in the crisper. Be mindful that they are odour-absorbent, so keep them away from onions, potatoes, and other strong-flavoured items. Apples can also be dehydrated (with cinnamon sprinkled on top) and stored in a Ziplock bag!
You don't need to cut them until you're ready to eat them. Keep them whole as you store them.
If you are going to consume your apples quickly you can store them outside of the fridge. Just make sure to keep apples away from other produce, as apples release ethylene gas that speeds up the ripening of other produce. Therefore it is important to keep your apples separated from each other and from other fruits and vegetables
To avoid contact between them, you can wrap them in brown paper bags individually and stack them in your fridge.
Apples can be frozen. Simply wash, peel, core and slice apples, removing any brown spots. Add ascorbic acid to prevent them from browning. Place in a freezer-safe plastic bag, removing as much air as possible. Then freeze!


of science, medicine, law and literature it implies that there was significant academic progress also. Anyway, the important French words borrowed during the period are-history, index, intellect, legal, summary, magnify, temperature etc.
Together with the loss of infection the Great Vowel Shift was another linguistic development.' Between Middle and Modem English there is the important difference in vowel system. For instance, the long vowels have virtually disappeared and the short vowels have hardly altered. The change in long vowels is known as the Great Vowel Shift.
Bihar Board Class 12th English Important Questions
Leave a Reply


text:
The Informedia Digital Video Library project is a research initiative at Carnegie Mellon University, funded by the NSF, DARPA, NASA and others, that studies how multimedia digital libraries can be established and used. Informedia's digital video library is populated by automatically encoding, segmenting, and indexing data. Research in the areas of speech recognition, image understanding, and natural language processing supports the automatic preparation of diverse media for full-content and knowledge based search and retrieval.
The following image is an example of how these components are combined in the Informedia user interface:
Currently, the Informedia collection contains approximately 1.5 terabytes of data, comprising 2,400 hours of video encoded in the MPEG 1 format. The content of this corpus includes approximately 2,000 hours of CNN news broadcasts beginning in 1996. The remaining content is derived from PBS broadcast documentaries produced by WQED, Pittsburgh, and documentaries for distance education produced by the BBC for the British Open University. The subject matter of the majority of these documentaries is mathematics and science. Also available is a small corpus of public domain videos, typically derived from government agency sources.
All the data in Informedia, except for the public domain videos, is copyrighted and must be used for research purposes only, with re-distribution prohibited. Users of the testbed will need to sign an agreement with the copyright holder.
The extensive, automatically derived metadata created by Informedia is an important resource for digital library researchers. Metadata for the Informedia collection includes:
For general information about Informedia, see the web site: _URL_
Researchers with serious interests in using the testbed, should contact: Scott Stevens, _EMAIL_.


text:
Failed Fifth Wave Trades and the Elliot Waves Theory
According to the Elliot Waves Theory, the fifth wave failure is a common occurrence when we have an impulsive move with an extended third wave. The theory is clear on the definition; when there is a five-wave structure appearing on the chart, no matter if it moves downward as a bearish wave or upward as a bullish wave, then, the longest wave has to be the third one which moves among the other waves. Once you have this situation, it is highly likely that the fifth wave will be a failure because it cannot catch up on the high/lows of the third wave.
Whenever you are faced with the failure of the 5th wave, a remedy-kind-of-thing you could do is to look for equality of the first and the last fifth wave. There are certain indicators that let you suggest when such a pattern may or may not occur.
For binary options traders, this can be crucial for them and their trading choices, given that the best time to place put options is when there is an impulsive move with the extension of the third wave. The ideal timing represents the time when the third wave has already extended, before looking for the equality rule between the first and the last fifth wave.
The fundamentals of the Elliot Waves theory include an impulsive move which will result in a five wave cluster or structure. The impulsive moves draw a lot of attention of traders since an impulsive move guarantees an extension of at least one wave, whereby the extension stretches at a minimum distance of 161.8% from the wave before.
The timeframe, as well as the expiration date, should be in line since they also play a key role. The timeframe in which the analysis is taking plays is important for the expiry period selection. One co-depends on the other.
The three waves which follow the impulsive move in their fashion, we can tell a lot from the fifth wave, since it carries indications of future striking prices. These indications can be read from the fifth wave's structure and the point of its ending. Take a closer look next time you have fifth wave "situation."
As far as regarding statistics, in over 90% of the cases, the waves that usually make higher highs or lower lows (which depends on whether the market is bullish or bearish) are the first, third, and the fifth wave, when we have a five-wave cluster. This translates to triple highs or triple lows.
Top or Bottom Signalling
When there is an impulsive bullish move with an extended third wave, and the fifth wave cannot match the highs of the third wave, the fifth wave is going to be bearish and fail and vice versa. If there is an impulsive bearish move, and the fifth wave cannot pick up on the lows of the third wave, a bullish fifth wave failure will be created.
The failures that are created signal future bottoming or topping whereby they also reveal information about the expiry period including future action. The failures indicate that a cycle or a trend is about to end and that a new one is about to start.
The duration of the timeframes in which the failures are being formed can also vary, and a lot depends on them. For example, the longer the timeframe, the more information can be gathered for the market or markets in general, especially because it gives the trader the chance to peek into future actions of the correlated market. Also, traders can pick up on which options are supposed to be traded.
Have you tried automated trading yet?
Other recommended auto trading robots:
Let us illustrate that with an EURUSD example. When following the EURUSD on a daily chart and a fifth wave failure is in sight, call options should be traded. Here we have the EURUSD indicating bottoming; there is no need to engage in trading different options like the GBPUSD or CHFUSD since these currency pairs are correlated. This is important because analysis of one pair automatically reveals information about correlated currency pairs.
As we have already said, the failure of the fifth wave usually ends up being equal to the first wave of the cycle. If you happen to be worried about counting waves, you can use this information to know that you are on the right track and as an indicator of your market interpretation.
You will know that your market interpretation is incorrect when you spot that the fifth wave is not the same as the first one, and when it happens, you should restrain from interpreting the fifth wave failure.
Taking Advantage of Small Cues
The Elliot Waves Theory sometimes seems to have no clear-cut lines when it comes to interpreting trades and that the whole process is relative. This relativity is connected to counting and at what point someone starts to count. This might be true, but still, there are many indications in the market which can assure you that the count is right. For example, analyzing one market often holds the clues to where correlated markets stand at, and traders can build upon that to start their count correctly. Counting is key for making use of the Elliot Waves Theory and those who know all these little tricks of the right count, are more likely to score winning trades.
Start trading now by opening a FREE account on one of our recommended brokers.
Recommended Binary Option Brokers:
|Min. Invest||Min. Deposit||Max. Returns|
|All brokers >>|
- The global coffee economy in Africa, Asia, and Latin America (Clarence Smith)
- Credit where credit is due: Open economy industrial policy and export diversification in Latin America (A. Schrank)
- Government and the Economy: Studies of the" Commonwealth" Policy in Nineteenth-Century America (O. Handlin)
- The political economy of recent conversions to market economics in Latin America (D. Hojman)
- The moral economy of the drug company–medical scientist collaboration in interwar America (N. Rasmussen)
- The temp economy: From Kelly girls to permatemps in postwar America (E. Hatton)
- The virtual health economy: Telemedicine and the supply of primary care physicians in rural America (D. McCarthy)
- Minding America's business: The decline and rise of the American economy (B. Reich)
- Informal Economy: Making It in Rural America (L. Edgcomb)
- The fattening of America: How the economy makes us fat, if it matters, and what to do about it (L. Zuckerman)


Troubleshooting Asymmetric Routing
Asymmetric routing happens when traffic between two nodes takes a different path in each direction (e.g. A->B->C, C->D->A), it can be a problem for TCP which has strict state tracking but often does not affect "stateless" protocols such as ICMP or UDP.
Common Scenario
What happens in most cases is this:
 - Client sends a TCP SYN packet, which arrives to pfSense® software and gets a state table entry
 - pfSense softwaresends back an ICMP redirect letting the client know to reach the target server via the alternate gateway
 - Server sends back a TCP SYN+ACK packet by some other path that pfSense software doesn't see
 - Client sends its ACK and further responses back by its other gateway that are not seen by pfSense software
 - After 30 seconds, pfSense software removes its state table entry as the connection was never completed as observed by pfSense software
 - Some time later, the client's ICMP redirect learned route expires and the client sends another packet back to pfSense software
 - Since this packet is not starting a new connection, the packet is dropped, and the client gets disconnected since it now has no way to reach the destination.
Automatic Fix
The Bypass firewall rules for traffic on the same interface option located under System > Advanced on the Firewall/NAT tab activates rules for traffic to/from the static route networks which are much more permissive when it comes to creating states for TCP traffic and allowing it to pass. The rules allow any TCP packets, regardless of their flags, to create a state and also have the "sloppy state" type set which performs a less strict state match.
Manual Fix
The same rules may be created manually by adding one on the affected interface tab (e.g. LAN), and a second rule on the Floating tab using the same interface (LAN again) to match the traffic in the out direction. The rule must be set for a protocol of TCP, under TCP flags check Any Flags, and use a State Type of Sloppy State. The options for TCP flags and State Type can be found in the Advanced Features of the rules, under the normal options.
Alternate Causes
On occasion these issues can be caused by other factors that lead to asymmetric routing, such as issues with route-to or reply-to, both having to do with gateways on interface settings.
Defining gateways under System > Routing does not cause this, but rather these problems can come up when the gateway is improperly configured on the interface pages, Interfaces > WAN, Interfaces > LAN, and so on.
Gateway set when it should not be set
If a gateway is set on an internal interface, such as LAN, it can cause problematic behavior. Setting a gateway on an internal interface will tag that interface's outbound rules with route-to, and inbound rules with reply-to which will cause packets to be forwarded to the defined gateway rather than following their natural path. For WANs this is typically a good thing! For LANs it is not. Among other ill effects, it can lead to a loop of sorts where packets bounce between the firewall and the defined gateway, eventually being blocked or dropped when their TTL expires.
Gateway not set when it should be set
A gateway should usually be set on a WAN or other external-type interface settings (MPLS, IP VPN, etc.) In these cases the reply-to and route-to behavior is desired and likely required. If it is missing the packets may be blocked or dropped as they attempt to leave the wrong interface. A packet could enter via the alternate WAN, but the reply would leave by the default gateway. Similar to the effect seen when improperly using an Interface Group for WAN interfaces.


text:
J.J. Yeley, Tracy Hines, Sleepy Tripp and Stan Fox.
Karol - Munden, Kansas
Three Historical Buildings Live in Camden, Arkansas
Camden, Arkansas, has a population in excess of 13,000 and is considered the "Queen City" of the Ouachita River. More than 65 churches' doors stand ajar daily, and the city's education system is second to none.
Many famous people have graced the town of Camden, whether performing, visiting or living here. Among them are poet Edgar Allen Poe, who was employed by the Camden Herald Newspaper for three months in 1847; Elvis Presley, who played at the auditorium three times in 1957; Sam Walton, who lived here before he founded Wal-Mart; prohibitionist Carrie Nation, who held a rally here in 1906; and Will Rogers, who performed here in 1928.
Camden is also home to many auxiliaries and activities, but its reputation lies in the three historical buildings in town.
The McCollum-Chidester House was constructed in 1847 by Peter McCollum and features furnishings from the Civil War. There are even some bullet holes in a wall on the second story of the house. Gen. Sterling Price of the Confederate Army and Gen. Frederick Steel of the Union Army headquartered at the house at different times during the Civil War. After 12 years of living in the house, McCollum sold the house to John and Leah Chidester. A portrait of Leah Chidester hangs over the fireplace in the living room.
The Leake-Ingham Library was built in 1850 as a law office for attorney Col. William W. Leake. The building was originally located downtown, but has been moved several times and is presently located on the lawn of the McCollum-Chidester House. The building was occupied by various businesses over the years, until 1906, when it became Camden's first library.
The third of Camden's historical buildings is the Missouri Pacific Railroad Depot, which houses the offices of the Camden Area Chamber of Commerce and Main Street Camden, as well as a small museum of railroad and Civil War memorabilia.
All three buildings are listed on the National Register of Historical Places.
Another piece of Camden's history is our annual Daffodil Festival, which brings thousands of visitors to the town.
Mildred - Camden, Arkansas
Edison's Birthplace in Milan, Ohio, is Historical Landmark
Driving by Thomas Edison's small birthplace home recently, the lights were on, and we thought about how when he was born, candles would have been flickering because he hadn't yet invented the light bulb.
The brick home, fronted by a white picket fence, was built by Edison's father in 1841. It is tucked away on a quiet side street in the historic district, two blocks from the Town Square, in Milan, Ohio.
In the 1840s, Milan was a busy grain port, and the year Edison was born, it had become the second largest wheat shipping port in the world. It was also a ship building center, producing 75 lake schooners that same year. This place was a flourishing little metropolis back then.
The Edison home is three stories (visible from the back), having been built into the side of a sloping hill. Born here on a rope bed in a tiny bedroom off the sitting room on February 11, 1847, Thomas was the youngest of seven children. The home has been restored and furnished as it was originally, but with the addition of indoor plumbing, electricity and air conditioning.
Visitors find a collection of said-to-be rare Edisonia, including examples of many of self-taught genius Thomas Alva Edison's early inventions, documents and family mementos. The brilliant inventor, although slightly eccentric some say, went on to garner 1,093 patents to his credit.
The family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, in 1854, and following that, young Edison made a series of moves and jobs that took him to many cities and states – all the time being fascinated with inventions that would shape his future, as well as that of the country, and eventually the world.
He was back in Port Huron at the age of 20, but soon moved on to Boston, then to New York City. He earned a tidy nest egg from one of his inventions, and in 1870, he built a complex in a New Jersey community, where he became known as the Wizard of Menlo Park. He remained in New Jersey for more than 40 years, creating and developing many ingenious inventions.
Back in the family
While the home was out of family ownership for some 40 years after Edison's father moved the family in 1854, one of Edison's sisters acquired it again in 1894. She added a bathroom and other modern conveniences.
In 1906, Edison bought back his birthplace home in Milan, but he was an absentee owner. When he made his last visit there in 1923, he was shocked to find his old home still lit by candles and oil lamps. He saw to it then that changes were made, and the house was wired for electricity.
After Edison's death in October 1931, the opening of his birthplace to the public as a memorial and house museum was originally the private project of his wife and their daughter, who owned the property by then.
The house was restored as closely as possible to its original appearance, and today, it is a National Historic Landmark. However, in order to ensure its permanent preservation, the Edison Birthplace Association was formed some years later, and the nonprofit organization continues to own and maintain the museum.
In a small building next to the house is the ticket office, which includes a display of photographs and several early model phonographs, and is the starting place for the daily tours.
Visitors enter the Edison Birthplace through the side door into the sitting room. To the rear is the bedroom where Edison was born. Narrow, steep stairs opposite the front door lead to two bedrooms on either side of the upper landing – one was Edison's parents' room and the other belonged to his two sisters.
A back stairway on the main floor leads down to the large basement kitchen, which opens to the garden on the lower slope of the hill. The kitchen is furnished with articles and utensils of that time period, including a wall clock. It's said that Edison's mother kept a disciplinary switch behind the clock.
On and around the property are bronze Ohio Historical Markers, offering added details of the birthplace home, Edison's recollections of Milan, and details of the Milan Canal Basin, which helped the town become a leading Great Lakes port.
While there were no accomplishments by young Edison in his seven years at the Milan home, it is nonetheless a significant historic site. The town is proud to be known as the birthplace of one of America's most famous and prodigious inventors.
Tom & Joanne - Willoughby, Ohio
Town of St. Patrick, Missouri, is Proud of Its Irish Heritage
St. Patrick, Missouri, is a uniquely Irish town, with a population of only 17.
Richard and Rose Simpson Riney, descendants of Irish immigrants and my great-great-grandparents, were the first settlers in 1833. The following year, they built a log church, which they named St. Patrick's Church.
Father Bernard Patrick McMenomy, of Donegal, Ireland, was pastor at the time, and named the settlement St. Patrick. He also obtained a post office in 1858.
Much later, Father Thomas Dempsey, of Offaly, Ireland, worked for several years to obtain a gravel road to replace the dirt road that became muddy when it rained. His efforts were successful, and when the road was graveled in 1933, it became Dempsey Highway. Unfortunately, Father Dempsey passed away in 1931 and didn't get to enjoy the fruits of his labor.
In 1935, Father Francis O'Duignan of Longford, Ireland, came to St. Patrick as the pastor. He dreamed of building a shrine to honor St. Patrick, the patron saint of his native Ireland, and to thank America for being a refuge for Irish immigrants.
In 1936, Father O'Duignan designed a cachet, which is still used today, and placed it on 500 letters to be mailed on March 17, the first St. Patrick's Day mailing, asking for donations to help build the Shrine of St. Patrick.
The mailing grew, as folks from all over the world sent letters to be postmarked in
St. Patrick, making their ordinary envelopes collector's items. Tiny St. Patrick, Missouri, is the only town in the world named St. Patrick that has a post office.
Realizing a dream
Twenty-one years later, on March 17, 1957, the Shrine of St. Patrick was dedicated, and Father O'Duignan's "impossible dream" was fulfilled.
The impressive Shrine of St. Patrick is fashioned after the Church of Four Masters in Donegal, Ireland. It has 37 stained glass windows from Dublin, Ireland, interior marble from Italy and Spain, Celtic crosses and an Irish round tower. In addition, a flagstone from Ireland's Croagh Patrick is embedded in the floor. That was done so Father O'Duignan could stand on a piece of Ireland during Mass.
The tiny post office offers the pictorial cancellation during the entire month of March, and the cancellation changes each year. This year, more than 8,000 letters were cancelled.
Each year, on St. Patrick's Day, the


Vocabulary Thursdays (with Joanna): Affect vs. Effect
Confused by the difference between affect and effect?
Affect is a verb. It means to influence.
Effect is a noun. It means the result.
Compare these two examples:
Stress can negatively affect your sleep.
Lack of sleep is a negative effect of stress.
Now you try it:
 1. How much you exercise can have an _ ( affect / effect ) on your overall health.
 2. A lack of exercise can negatively _ ( affect / effect ) your health.
ANSWER KEY: 1. effect; 2. affect
Joanna Rodzen-Hickey
Joanna Rodzen-Hickey has been an ESL teacher and consultant for nearly 20 years. She has taught English at numerous universities and community colleges in New Jersey and currently teaches at the Hackettstown High School in Hackettstown, NJ.
Vocabulary Thursdays (with Joanna): Normalization vs. Normality
Let's practice!
1. One of the impacts of COVID-19 has been the _______ ( normalization / normality ) of working from home.
2. We eagerly await a return of pre-pandemic _______ ( normalization / normality ).
ANSWER KEY: 1. normalization; 2. normality


Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter
Queen consort of Denmark
Reign 1076–1080
Spouse Harald III of Denmark
Father Asbjörn Ulfsen
Born unknown (before 1076)
Died unknown (after 1080)
Burial Roskilde Cathedral
Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter or Margareta Asbjørnsdatter (11th century) was Queen consort of Denmark as the spouse of King Harald III.
Margareta was the daughter of jarl Asbjörn Ulfsen, possibly an uncle of her spouse; she would thereby have been her husband's cousin. No children are known from the marriage. The dates of her birth and death are unknown.
A DNA test in 2003 dispelled the centuries old legend that Estrid Svendsdatter was buried in the northeastern pier of the Roskilde Cathedral. The new theory is that the sign on the pier refers to Margareta Hasbjörnsdatter, who was also known as Estrid.[1]
 1. ^ "Last Viking buried with wrong woman". The Copenhagen Post. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
Preceded by
Gunhild Sveinsdotter
Queen consort of Denmark
Succeeded by
Adela of Flanders


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If I don't specify the number of mappers, how would the number be determined? Is there a default setting read from a configuration file (such as mapred-site.xml)?
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Adding more to what Chris added above:
 1. The number of maps is usually driven by the number of DFS blocks in the input files. Although that causes people to adjust their DFS block size to adjust the number of maps.
 2. The right level of parallelism for maps seems to be around 10-100 maps/node, although this can go upto 300 or so for very cpu-light map tasks. Task setup takes awhile, so it is best if the maps take at least a minute to execute.
 3. You can increased number of Map task by modifying JobConf's conf.setNumMapTasks(int num). Note: This could increase the number of map tasks, but will not set the number below that which Hadoop determines via splitting the input data.
Finally controlling the number of maps is subtle. The mapred.map.tasks parameter is just a hint to the InputFormat for the number of maps. The default InputFormat behavior is to split the total number of bytes into the right number of fragments. However, in the default case the DFS block size of the input files is treated as an upper bound for input splits. A lower bound on the split size can be set via mapred.min.split.size.
Thus, if you expect 10TB of input data and have 128MB DFS blocks, you'll end up with 82k maps, unless your mapred.map.tasks is even larger. Ultimately the InputFormat determines the number of maps.
Read more: _URL_
share|improve this answer
seems like a direct copy of the hadoop wiki. maybe this answer should be paraphrased or you can make it more specific to the question. – jayunit100 Nov 6 '12 at 1:36
add comment
It depends on a number of factors:
 - Input format and particular configuration properties for the format
 - for file based input formats (TextInputFormat, SequenceFileInputFormat etc):
 - Number of input files / paths
 - are the files splittable (typically compressed files are not, SequenceFiles are an exception to this)
 - block size of the files
There are probably more, but you hopefully get the idea
share|improve this answer
Thanks Chris. If I specify a number, it isn't necessarily going to be honored by Job tracker? – kee May 15 '12 at 1:30
With the new (.mapreduce packaged) API, this is completely ignored. The old API may do - look through the source for o.a.h.mapred.FileInputFormat.getSplits() (for the release of hadoop you are using) – Chris White May 15 '12 at 1:45
add comment
Your Answer


text:
For more information on the Concurrency Runtime Framework, see Concurrency Runtime: The Resource Manager.
Visual C++ 2010 comes with new features and enhancements to simplify more native programming. The Concurrency Runtime (CRT), for instance, is a framework that simplifies parallel programming and helps you write robust, scalable, and responsive parallel applications. The CRT raises the level of abstraction so that you do not have to manage the infrastructure details that are related to concurrency. The Concurrency Runtime also enables you to specify scheduling policies that meet the quality of service demands of your applications.
Figure 1 presents the architecture of Concurrency Runtime Framework.
In this article, I discuss the Task Scheduler layer and examine how it works internally. To do so, I use CppDepend, an analysis tool that makes it easier for you to manage complex C\C++ (native, mixed, and COM) code base.
The Task Scheduler
The Task Scheduler schedules and coordinates tasks at runtime. A task is a unit of work that performs a specific job. The Task Scheduler manages the details that are related to efficiently scheduling tasks on computers that have multiple computing resources.
Windows provides a preemptive kernel-mode scheduler -- a round-robin, priority-based mechanism that gives every task exclusive access to a computing resource for a given time period, then switches to another task. Although this mechanism provides "fairness" (every thread makes forward progress), it comes at some cost of efficiency. For example, many compute-intensive algorithms do not require fairness. Instead, it is important that related tasks finish in the least overall time. Cooperative scheduling enables an application to more efficiently schedule work.
Cooperative scheduling is a mechanism that gives every task exclusive access to a computing resource until the task finishes or until the task yields its access to the resource.
The user-mode cooperative scheduler enables application code to make its own scheduling decisions. Because cooperative scheduling enables many scheduling decisions to be made by the application, it reduces much of the overhead that is associated with kernel-mode synchronization.
The Concurrency Runtime (CRT) uses cooperative scheduling together with the preemptive scheduler of the operating system to achieve maximum usage of processing resources. In this article, I examine the Task Scheduler design and lift its hood to see how it works internally. For information on the CRT Resource Manager, see Concurrency Runtime: The Resource Manager. Again, I use CppDepend to analyze the CRT source code.
The CRT provides the interface
Scheduler to implement a specific scheduler adapted to application needs. Let's examine classes that implement this interface:
The CRT provides two implementations of the scheduler --
UMSThreadScheduler. As illustrated in the dependency graph in Figure 2, the
SchedulerBase contains all common behavior of these two classes.
Is the Scheduler flexible? A good indicator of flexibility is to search for all abstract classes used by the Scheduler.
As shown in the dependency graph in Figure 3, the Scheduler uses many abstract classes. It enforces low coupling, and makes the scheduler more flexible, so adapting it to other needs is easy. To explain the role of each abstract class used by the Scheduler, I'll discuss its responsibilities.
There are three major responsibilities assigned to the Task Scheduler:
Getting resources (processors, cores, memory). When the scheduler is created, it asks for resources from the runtime Resource Manager (as explained in CRT Concurrency Runtime: Resource Manager). The Scheduler communicate with Resource Manager using
IScheduler interfaces. Resources given by Resource Manager use scheduler policy to allocate resources to the Scheduler.
The policy as shown in Figure 4 is assigned when the Scheduler is created.
The CRT creates a default Scheduler if no Scheduler exists by invoking the
GetDefaultScheduler method, and a default policy is used. The Task Scheduler enables applications to use one or more Scheduler instances to schedule work, and an application can invoke
Scheduler::Create to add another Scheduler that uses a specific policy.
Concurrency::PolicyElementKey enumeration defines the policy keys that are associated with the Task Scheduler.
For more information on policy keys, see this article.
The following collaborations between the Scheduler and Resource Manager shows the role of each interface concerned by the allocation.
Ask for resource allocation:
Getting resources from Resource Manager:


Summary of Minnesota State Charter School Facility Law
In 1991, Minnesota passed the first charter school statute in the nation and started the first charter schools in 1992. In 1996, the Minnesota Legislature appropriated funds for a charter school lease aid grant program.
Lease aid grant statute
Minnesota law (Statute 124D.11, subdivision 4) allows charter schools to apply to the Minnesota Department of Education (MDE) for building lease aid when a charter school has insufficient total operating capital revenue (as defined under section 126C.10, subdivision 13). The MDE must review and either approve or deny a lease aid application using the following criteria:
 1. the reasonableness of the price based on current market values;
 2. the extent to which the lease conforms to applicable state laws and rules; and
 3. the appropriateness of the proposed lease in the context of the space needs and financial circumstances of the charter school.
The State distributes these lease aid funds on a per-pupil basis. The amount of funds perpupil unit served for a charter school for any year may not exceed the lesser of
 1. 90 percent of the approved per-pupil cost or
 2. the greater of (1) the charter school's building lease aid per-pupil for fiscal year 2003, (excluding the adjustments under Laws 2002, chapter 392, article 6, section 4; this may not exceed $1,500 for these grandfathered schools) or (2) $1,200, generally for newer charter schools.
The requirement that charter schools pay at least 10 percent of their facility costs helps ensure that schools will lease appropriate and reasonable facilities. The building lease aid may not be used for custodial, maintenance service, utility, or other operating costs. Charter schools make up the difference between state aid and actual rent by spending general aid funds.
Application process
The process for obtaining facility aid includes the following steps:
 1. Charter schools determine that their facility complies with health and safety regulations, local building codes and provisions for persons with disabilities.
 2. The charter school then submits its lease contract to MDE for review on the basis of reasonableness and appropriateness. If the lease is satisfactory, MDE approves the lease facility aid. If building modifications are necessary and appropriate, those are often subsumed into lease payments over several years.
 3. The MDE makes lease aid payments to charter schools on a monthly basis.
State funding and Federal grant
For fiscal year 2004, $17,768,623 was appropriated in state lease aid funding and the total facilities lease aid appropriation for fiscal year 2005 is $22,236,119.
Minnesota is one of four grant recipients under the State Charter School Facilities Incentive Grants Program. Minnesota will use its Federal grant to enhance its charter school facility initiative by making building improvement grants, augmenting state appropriations for lease aid, providing technical assistance in selecting appropriate charter school facilities and disseminating information about best use of facilities.
Print this page Printable view Send this page Share this page
Last Modified: 11/21/2006


and re-tapping)
1. Locate the center of the stud with the dividers. To do this, chalk over the stud and with the center punch, make four equally divided prick punch marks on the line (see Fig. 80) showing
Fig 83
Fig. 83
circumference of the hole; place one divider point successively in these holes. Locate the center with the other point. Mark the center with the center punch. See Fig. 82.
2. Select a drill for this job approximately 1/32" smaller than the root of the thread of the broken-off stud. This is to prevent drilling into and ruining threads in the casting. See Fig. 81.
3. Place the drill in the air motor drill socket. Fasten the drilling post over the broken-off stud and set the drill in the motor, central with the center punch mark in the stud. Start the motor and feed the drill through the stud.
4. To remove the stud shell from the hole, split the shell with the sharp gouge chisel. Tap the gouge point against the shell lightly with the hammer until the shell is removed from the hole.
5. Secure a tap of the same size and number of thread as the removed stud and re-tap the hole by hand. This will remove the burrs made with the gouge.
1. Calculate the size of the drill to use in drilling to remove a 3/4" American Standard thread (U.S.S.)
2. With a coin or round end object draw a circle. Locate with a compass the center of the circle.
3. How many threads per inch does a 3/4" U. S. S. tap have?
4. Why must unusual care be used in starting the drill central in a broken stud?
Screw Driver
A 6-inch and a 10-inch screw driver are generally found to be suitable for ordinary jobs. The blades in these two sizes are about 3/16" and 3/8" wide respectively. A screw driver must fill the slot in the screw head for the best results. A 3/16" blade should never be used to do the work of a 3/8" blade. To do so will result in the screw head's becoming chewed up, making it almost impossible to get a good grip on the screw slot afterwards. The screw driver will also become badly chewed up and twisted. Use the right size for the job.
Using a large screw driver and a small screw is possible, but to do this the blade will have to be dressed down to fit. The screw may become twisted off because of too much strain applied by the large screw driver. When the screw driver is used on a large screw after the blade has been dressed down thin, it will likely snap off.
Figure 84 shows how the blade should fit a screw head slot. A flat mill file may be used to dress the blade as shown. The head of the screw will not be chewed up, and less effort is required to run the screws in and out. Screw driver shanks and blades are not hardened and they are easily bent. A bent shank prevents good work.
Do not use a screw driver as a cold chisel. Using the screw driver for a packing tool may not hurt the screw driver, but it is poor practice. Use the tool correctly and it will always be ready for use in its proper place.
Fig 84
Fig 84
1. What is the result of using a small screw driver when a larger one should be used?
2. Explain what is done to the blade of a screw driver to prevent the blade from slipping out of the slot.
3. State the sizes of two commonly used screw drivers.
Files have two very important purposes:
a. Smoothing metal surfaces.
b. Changing the size and shape of metal pieces.
Castings and forgings have fins, burrs, and uneven surfaces which must be filed down smooth before these parts can be used. Appearance makes a lot of difference, and a good job can be spoiled by poor filing.
Fig 85
Fig. 85
Fig 86
Fig. 86
The machinist must file off sharp corners. Fig. 85 shows a chamfered corner. Fig. 86 shows a rounded corner. Burrs on bolt ends, edges of steel plates, burrs on drilled hole edges, and many other such smoothing jobs have to be done.
When the machinist is assembling or installing various units and parts aboard ship, he will have to fit many metal parts into specific locations. Some of these jobs are: Filing chocks, fitting keys, fitting stepped operating rods, squaring edges of blocks, and other fitting jobs.
There are a great many types and sizes of files available. As the outside machinist uses comparatively few types and sizes, only these files will be mentioned here. Fig. 87 shows the cross section of five files. These cross section dimensions vary in proportion to the length of the file, but the shape remains the same.
Fig 87. Cross sections of Half Round, Flat, 3 Square, Round, Square
Fig. 87
Fig 88, parts of file.
Fig. 88
The length of a file is taken from heel to point. See Fig. 88.
It will be clear from Fig. 88 that the file tapers from about the center to the point. The faces of these files are slightly "bellied".. One reason for this is that it is almost impossible to file a surface flat if the file is perfectly straight.
Another reason is that all files are made of high carbon steel and after being "cut" (explained below) they are hardened. The hardening process sometimes results in a slight "draw" or curve in the length of the file. If the files were the same thickness throughout the length, IA is easy to see that a slight curve would make one side rounding and the opposite side hollow.
Use file handles at all times. See that the handle fits snugly and without wobble.
Do not use a split file handle or a file handle without a ferrule. Pounding on a file handle is poor practice. Avoid it.
Files are necessarily rough in order to make them cut. Examining a file closely with a magnifying glass will reveal many fine teeth on the surface. These teeth are formed when the file is "cut".
A sharp, chisel-edged, hardened tool in a special machine cuts the teeth on a file before the file is hardened. Fig. 89 shows highly enlarged surfaces of a bastard file and a second cut file.
Fig 89. Bastard and Second Cut teeth.
Fig. 89
The names of the cuts indicate the spacings of the teeth rows. A bastard file has teeth spaced farther apart than a second cut. The term "second cut" means there are two rows of teeth in about the same distance as one row of teeth an a bastard file. The second cut file is a finer file than a bastard, but not so fine as a mill file.
Both the files named above are "double cut" which means that there are two rows of cuts or teeth on the full length of the file. Look at the point or the heel of a file and it is quickly found whether the file is "single" or "double" cut. See Fig. 90.
Fig 90. Double Cut and Single Cut.
Fig. 90
For a finishing job, a flat mill file is generally found to be excellent. Never use a mill file for a rough job. To do so will ruin the file for finishing work. A mill file is single cut and the cuts are not so deep nor so far apart as in a second cut file. The teeth are continuous across the width of a mill file and are more like knives in their action on the metal than like small points, as in other files. Dulling these knife-like teeth makes the file useless.
Use a bastard file for a roughing job. Use a second cut file for roughing brass or bronze. Finish file all these metals with a mill file. Never use a file on steel or iron and then expect to do a good job on brass or bronze. Keep a file especially for use on brass.
Files are obtainable in lengths from very short to extremely long. The outside machinist files are usually 12" long. The width and thickness depend on the length. When asking for files at the tool crib or if purchasing files say, for example:
12" bastard, flat or half round
14" flat, second cut
14" mill file
Do not throw files around among other tools or on the deck. Stepping on a file just right will break it. Remember files are hardened and therefore brittle.
Keep the file clean on the job. Oil is of no value on a file. It prevents cutting, and it "gums" the spaces between the teeth. When a file "pins" (becomes choked with filings), clean it with a file brush or a stubby piece of copper wire flattened out like a chisel. Allowing a file to pin, especially a mill file, will ruin an otherwise good job by scratches and deep cuts.
Never use another man's file without permission. He may have a special job to do which requires the use of the file you have borrowed.
1. For what purpose or purposes are files used?
2. Name some of the jobs which require the use of files.
3. State the types of files which are usually found to be satisfactory for the work of the outside machinist.
4. In roughing off burrs or fins, what type of file should be used?
5. Why does the mechanic keep one or two files especially


text:
New Study Finds High Risk Children Particularly Benefit from Head Start
Several weeks ago, the Department of Health and Human Services released the third grade followup to the 2010 Head Start Impact Study. In our blog post about the release, we mentioned that it would take time for researchers to scour the data and draw conclusions on the third year followup. But the original 2010 report has been out for nearly three years, and researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) have been doing just that.
OSU researchers recently released the results of a new study in the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology that analyzed data from the 2010 report. The researchers looked at a particular segment of the sample that they deemed "high risk," specifically children in non-parental or foster care.
"These children tend to have unstable home lives, sometimes transitioning between different relatives, living with their grandma one month, and later with an aunt or other family member," said lead author Shannon Lipscomb.
"They have a lot of challenges in their lives, and the stresses of that can cause behavioral and development issues."
We know that children in non-parental care can be vulnerable to falling behind and may need additional support services, which is one reason why their findings are so encouraging. After analyzing the data for the 253 children in non-parental care, the researchers found "statistically significant" results suggesting that this group benefited from Head Start in terms of "school readiness, particularly in regards to early academic skills, positive teacher-child relationships, and a reduction in behavior problems."
As researchers continue to comb through the enormous amount of data in the 2010 Impact Study and the Third Grade Followup, we hope to uncover some additional quantifiable results about what most of us in Head Start knew all along — that it is a program that works, and that it is a program worth saving.
Tags: head start impact study


text:
JF Ptak Science Books Quick Post
Images displaying collective consumption over a long period of time, put together and arranged in one place to display the largeness of it all are pretty dramatic. (Like seeing a lifetime supply of butter consumed, or toothpaste used, or gasoline pumped, or sleep hours combined). Nothing quite succeeds like excess, even when here isn't any--collecting discretely-used stuff used in bits and pieces over the short-term can add up to quite a lot if collected and displayed in its long-term use. As in the case of this relatively modest consumption by "an average family of three" over a four month period in 1949. It just looks like a lot, when gathered together--more so, when you consider that this is a third of a year's consumption, which means that if the full year was displayed it would probably encircle the family.
Understatement alrt: Great Britain suffered food and material shortages for years after the end of WWII, a difficult peacetime in victory. That said, this four month assortment of food looks to be pretty spare, especially for fruits and cheese.
Source: The Illustrated London News, 26 March, 1949.


text:
- To understand how PolicyStat notifies users of updates
- To understand how PolicyStat alerts users that require action
When an action is required to be completed regarding a policy, or a policy requires attention, users are notified in one of three ways:
1. Automatic notification emails
- For examples of notification emails, click here
- For more on configuring automated email notifications (including turning off undesired emails), see this article.
- For more on understanding who receives email notifications by user role, see this article.
2. The Home tab
The Home tab features reports of policies requiring action.
3. The Notifications page
The Notifications page is accessible to any user in one of two ways:
- The link in the upper right-hand corner of every PolicyStat page.
- From the base PolicyStat local PolicyStat URL (e.g. - _URL_), add /notification to the end (e.g. - _URL_
For more information about configuring email notifications from this page, see the article here.
This article applies to the following user roles:


Clip ArtHandmade Nesting Dolls
Printable Version
Pronunciation: nyu-sêns Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: 1. Someone or something that is annoying, pestering. 2. (Law) Anything that interferes with the legal rights of others.
Notes: This word has an unusual adjective, nuisancy, as a nuisancy series of spam from the same rawhide company. It is rarely used, making today's Good Word almost a lexical orphan. The noun itself is used as an adjective much more frequently in phrases like nuisance call, nuisance tax, and nuisance suit.
In Play: Anything that annoys us is a nuisance: "Responding to all these letters is such a nuisance, and I don't even have an underling I can assign the annoyance to." People can be nuisances, too: "The children are such nuisances, always begging for candy and ice cream, but I love them all the same." The difference between a nuisance and an eccentric is how much money you have in the bank.
Word History: Today's Good Word came to English from Old French (where else?) nuisance "nuisance, pollution", the noun from nuire, nuis- "to harm". French inherited nuire from its ancestor, the Latin verb nocere "to injure, harm". Latin, in turn, inherited the word from Proto-Indo-European nek-/nok- "death, die", a word that went into the creation of several other interesting words that English borrowed. Noxious is but one; others include innocuous, innocent, and obnoxious. Greek used the E-form of the PIE word in producing necrosis "death of tissue". An interesting twist in the history of this root is how it went into the making of nectar, the drink of the Greek gods. How? It was originally a compound noun, made up of nek- "death" + ter- "overcome" = "(something that) overcomes death". (Albert Skiles is no nuisance at all, but a prolific contributor of suggestions as good as today's very, very Good Word.)
Dr. Goodword,


text:
Distance Calculator – How far is it?
The Distance Calculator can find distance between any two cities or locations available in The World Clock
The distance is calculated in kilometers, miles and nautical miles, and the initial compass bearing/heading from the origin to the destination. It will also display local time in each of the locations.
Help and example use
- See cities close to a location
- Day and Night World Map – See which parts of the Earth are currently illuminated by the Sun
- About the Distance Graph


text:
More than 300 medication errors took place at Pennsylvania hospitals across the state during the past decade due to incorrect settings in hospital electronic health record (EHR) systems, a Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority report reveals.
The errors were related to default settings used in EHR systems. Default settings are commonly used to populate information for things such as commonly prescribed dosing protocols, and time for therapy delivery or lab draws.
The intent of the default values is to improve efficiency and standardization, but the defaults can cause harm when not used properly.
Analysts identified a total of 324 adverse events related to EHR software defaults. The three most common errors included wrong time errors, wrong-dose errors and inappropriate use of an automated stopping function (meaning the medication was stopped prematurely). In some cases, the default route of medication administration (oral, IV, etc.) did not match the intended route of administration.
The three most common causes for errors were a failure to change the computer system's default value, user-entered information being overridden by the computer system, and failure to completely enter information, which resulted in the computer inserting information in the blank parameters.
The majority of the errors (314) were reported as "event, no harm," meaning that there was no adverse outcome for the patient. Six events were reported as "unsafe conditions" that did not lead to patient harm.
Two errors involved temporary harm to patients that required treatment or intervention. In one case a patient was given a higher than intended dose of muscle relaxant. In the second case a patient was given an extra dose of morphine.
Two cases involved temporary harm to patients requiring a prolonged hospitalization. The first of these involved a patient developing a fever after an antibiotic was incorrectly discontinued. In the other case, a patient never received an ordered antidiuretic.
Paying attention to how time information is entered into the system and developing EHR maintenance policies to make sure EHR defaults match current clinical practice guidelines may help prevent errors like these in the future, the researchers suggested.


text:
Children in some 3.9 million households suffered from food insecurity last year, with their families unable to provide them with adequate, nutritious food at times.
Nearly 17 million Americans suffered from "very low food security," meaning they had to reduce the amount they ate, saying the food they bought did not last and they didn't have the funds to buy more. They typically found themselves in this situation a few days a month for seven months of the year.
- More than 50 Million Americans Can't Buy Food (investmentwatchblog.com)
- Nearly 15% of U.S. Households Were Hungry in 2011 (247wallst.com)
- More than 50 million Americans couldn't afford to buy food at some point in 2011 (12160.info)
- Report: Nearly 15% of US Households 'Food Insecure' (commondreams.org)
- 17.9M U.S. families struggle to buy food (upi.com)
- Does USDA Measure Hunger? (rcsfoodbank.wordpress.com)
- Nearly 17 Million Americans Experience Low Food Security (sott.net)
- Nearly 18 Million U.S. Households Had Trouble Getting Food Last Year (wnyc.org)
- More Than 50 Million Americans Are Short of Food (wibw.com)
- More than 50 million Americans short of food (wtvr.com)


text:
ISG has recently performed a Final Evaluation of the 'Regional Mechanisms to Protect the Human Rights of Women and Girls in Southeast Asia' project for UN Women.
This project focused on regional processes and provided targeted support at national levels to the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights, ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC), representatives and civil society organizations in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. This evaluation aimed to assess performance, effectiveness and results, and provide broader learning and future directions for UN Women and CIDA in supporting ASEAN human rights mechanisms.
ISG assessed the extent to which the UN Women project contributed to the alignment of women's rights concerns within the ASEAN human rights mechanisms, and provided findings and recommendations that can be used to inform forward-looking strategies and approaches to consolidate an understanding and implementation of CEDAW in the ASEAN region.
As part of this evaluation, data was collected from 10 Southeast Asia countries, both in-country and virtually, to fully assess the program.


text:
This beautifully shorn camel hails from the city of Bikaner in northwest Rajastan, a state in India. Every year in January, the state government organizes a camel festival where beautifully decorated camels like this one are put on display.
How in the world did they shear those intricate images on the camel? Why, with a pair of scissors of course:
We hope you like this article!
Please help us grow by sharing:


text:
Alayna Coverly is an Ann Arbor based artist working figuratively with oil paint. She has her BFA in Painting and Drawing, along with a Museum Studies certificate and a minor in Art History. She is currently producing work in her studio that focuses on the intimate bonds we have with others.
My work explores the absence and presence of the emotional bonds we share with others. I use fabric to represent these intimate attachments because they display a connection and disconnection,or a push and pull. I often use fabric to create a layer of comfort and protection while relating to the home. This domesticity is displayed through the patterns used to engulf the figure. The consumption of the figure by the fabric relates back to the figure being hidden, while simultaneously holding a presence. Through my work I show the complexity of intimate attachments, the give and take needed to cultivate relationships.


text:
SATURDAY, June 23 (HealthDay News) -- For those who need help getting pregnant, the thought of having a child who's a little shorter than other kids probably won't be much of a worry. But the question of whether infertility treatment causes unanticipated consequences remains fertile ground for researchers.
In a study scheduled for presentation Saturday at the Endocrine Society annual meeting in Houston, researchers found full-term children conceived with fertility drugs were about one inch shorter than their peers.
The researchers wanted to find out whether there was a difference in height among children whose mothers used only ovarian stimulation by fertility drugs such as Clomid (clomiphene) without in-vitro fertilization (IVF).
Children conceived with the help of ovarian stimulation alone account for about 5 percent of all births in the developed world, according to the researchers.
Previous studies have suggested that children conceived by IVF may be taller than naturally conceived kids. The researchers wanted to know if something in the process of IVF, which includes fertilization and culture of embryos in a laboratory dish, could affect stature. So they studied children conceived without IVF, but with the assistance of fertility drugs that cause ovulation.
"The challenge in doing research like this is that in general the people who come to infertility clinics have been trying to get pregnant for multiple years," said Dr. Valerie Baker, medical director at the Stanford Fertility and Reproductive Medical Center, in Palo Alto, Calif. "These people often have serious medical problems. So it's possible that the issue is not the fertility treatment, but something going on with people who have been trying to get pregnant for more than a year without success," she said. Baker was not involved in the study.
The researchers, led by Dr. Tim Savage, a pediatrician and research fellow at the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, in New Zealand, studied 84 children conceived with the help of fertility drugs and 258 who were conceived naturally. All were between 3 and 10 years old and from a single-fetus, full-term pregnancy. None had low birth weight, a factor that can be associated with health problems.
The children conceived with the help of fertility drugs were nearly an inch shorter than the others, although still within the normal range, even with differences in their parents' height taken into account. Parental height is considered the key factor in determining a child's height.
The height difference was greater in boys, who were more than an inch shorter on average than naturally conceived boys.
There was no significant difference in general physical health between the two groups of children.
The authors speculated that the height difference may be due to something that happens around the point of conception. They suggested it could be caused by "imprinting" variations -- changes in the way genes are expressed, which could be related to the process of ovarian stimulation. The appropriate expression of genes is important in normal development.
Other experts greeted the study findings with caution.
Dr. Edward Illions, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a reproductive endocrinologist at Montefiore Institute for Reproductive Medicine in Hartsdale, N.Y., said any number of mechanisms, including the act of stimulation, could affect imprinting.
Illions also expressed concern with the study's limitations. "The researchers don't tell us which particular drugs the women were on, what stimulation protocols were used or the number of treatment cycles rendered to these patients," he said.
Dr. David Cohen, chief of reproductive endocrinology and infertility at the University of Chicago, said researchers need to continue studying children born with infertility technology to better understand any implications of fertility treatment. "As far as this study goes, there are no take-aways," he said.
Data and conclusions of research presented at medical meetings should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine sheds light on female infertility.
SOURCES: Valerie Baker, M.D., medical director, Stanford Fertility and Reproductive Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif.; Edward Illions, M.D., associate professor, obstetrics and gynecology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and reproductive endocrinologist, Montefiore Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Hartsdale, N.Y.; David Cohen, M.D., chief, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, University of Chicago, Chicago; June 23, 2012, news release and presentation, Endocrine Society, annual meeting, Houston, Texas
© 2013 Main Line Health


Increase Fundraising Sales by Using Prize Coupons
You can further increase fundraising sales by having periodic prize drawings. This is simple and easy to implement and it doesn't have to cost you anything either.
You can provide a prize drawing coupon sheet inside each student's packet and every time they sell 5 items from their brochure they get to turn in a signed coupon for a chance to win prizes or special privileges. Periodically throughout your sale, you can pull more students names out of your drawing box and announce the winners. This way, you are not just reminding your students about your sale; you're actually motivating them to sell and to keep selling.
Another advantage to using prize coupons is you're also getting a gauge on how your fundraiser is progressing based on the number of coupons being turned in. Most of the time momentum will build as the fundraiser progresses because students will see their peers winning prizes. This is great peer to peer advertising. Here are 2 additional things to consider.
1. Decide How to Handle the Coupons
You can either remove the coupons from the drawing box after each drawing or leave them in until the end of your sale. Regularly removing them will level the playing field for everyone, whether they've sold anything or not. Simply letting the coupons build up over time gives people who continue to sell the chance to accumulate coupons and increase their chance of winning.
2. Addressing Bogus Coupon Submissions
You may be concerned about students attempting to cheat the system by turning in 'bogus coupons' when they didn't actually sell anything. If this is the case, explain to the students that instead of giving out prizes right away, you'll reward their prizes once their order forms and money envelopes have been turned in. You can simply hold onto the names that you pull out during the sale and cross-check them with the submitted order forms.
Improve fundraiser sales without using money
By using daily prize drawings, not only will your student have more fun, you could possibly add thousands of dollars to your bottom line.
See our brochure fundraisers
Join the discussion


text:
Aircraft study of the impact of lake-breeze circulations on trace gases and particles during BAQS-Met 2007
Abstract. High time-resolved aircraft data, concurrent surface measurements and air quality model simulations were explored to diagnose the processes influencing aerosol chemistry under the influence of lake-breeze circulations in a polluted region of southwestern Ontario, Canada. The analysis was based upon horizontal aircraft transects conducted at multiple altitudes across an entire lake-breeze circulation. Air mass boundaries due to lake-breeze fronts were identified in the aircraft meteorological and chemical data, which were consistent with the frontal locations determined from surface analyses. Observations and modelling support the interpretation of a lake-breeze circulation where pollutants were lofted at a lake-breeze front, transported in the synoptic flow, caught in a downdraft over the lake, and then confined by onshore flow. The detailed analysis led to the development of conceptual models that summarize the complex 3-D circulation patterns and their interaction with the synoptic flow. The identified air mass boundaries, the interpretation of the lake-breeze circulation, and the air parcel circulation time in the lake-breeze circulation (3.0 to 5.0 h) enabled formation rates of organic aerosol (OA/ΔCO) and SO42− to be determined. The formation rate for OA (relative to excess CO in ppmv) was found to be 11.6–19.4 μg m−3 ppmv−1 h−1 and the SO42− formation rate was 5.0–8.8% h−1. The formation rates are enhanced relative to regional background rates implying that lake-breeze circulations are an important dynamic in the formation of SO42− and secondary organic aerosol. The presence of cumulus clouds associated with the lake-breeze fronts suggests that these enhancements could be due to cloud processes. Additionally, the effective confinement of pollutants along the shoreline may have limited pollutant dilution leading to elevated oxidant concentrations.


text:
(used with UCSMP Transition Mathematics, Lesson 3-2)
If you can't see the demo above, click here.
This interactive manipulative displays representations of mixed numbers and improper fractions. You can convert between various representations by dragging and dropping. For example, to convert a unit into parts simply drag a whole unit to the parts area. However, to convert parts back into a whole unit you need to select the appropriate number of parts. If the parts are each 1/2 of a whole, then you need to select them in multiples of two. To select multiple pieces at a time you can drag a selection rectangle or simply hold down the control key as you click.
You can enter your own fractions at the top or simply choose a random fraction.


text:
Diagram Designer - a small program to create charts and diagrams. The program interface is a window for the chart in the center of the panel elements on the right and the left current items.
To enter text for all elements using the same dialogue. With it, you can specify not only the text but also formatting. Truth is defined formatting commands that may not always be convenient.
Types of diagrams Diagram Designer
Diagram Designer includes elements 6 diagrams of various kinds. Below are the main ones.
Electronic circuit represented by a small number of basic elements:
Elements of UML diagrams are presented below:
Elements for the creation of process diagrams and flowcharts.
Diagram Designer has a pretty handy tool to create the connection elements.
Diagram Designer - a small program to create charts and diagrams, which has extensive functionality for the professional activity, but is suitable for educational projects.


text:
Residues in fingerprints hold clues to their age
Police have long relied on the unique whorls, loops or arches encoded in fingerprints to identify suspects. However, they have no way to tell how long ago those prints were left behind—information that could be crucial to a case. A preliminary new study in ACS' Analytical Chemistry suggests that could change. Researchers report that they could link compounds contained in fingerprints with their age.
By determining the age of fingerprints, police could get an idea of who might have been present around the time a crime was committed. This information could, for example, contradict a suspect's explanation that he or she had visited earlier. Scientists have already begun mining fingerprint residues for clues to the identity of the person who made them, but timing has proven more difficult to reliably pin down. Notably, past research has shown that a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method succeeded in determining if prints were more or less than eight days old; however, investigators often need more precision. To get a better idea of when prints were deposited, Young Jin Lee and colleagues looked to reactions already suspected to take place in these residues, when ozone in air reacts with unsaturated triacylglycerols left by a fingertip.
Using prints collected from three donors, the researchers tracked shifting levels of triacylglycerols using mass spectrometry imaging, a technique that leaves the evidence intact. They found they could reliably determine the triacylglycerol degradation rate for each person over the course of seven days. But the rate differed among individuals, with one person's triacylglycerols declining more gradually than the others. The researchers attribute this difference to higher levels of lipids in that individual's fingerprints. The method also worked on residues that had been dusted with forensic powder. The researchers say that although a large-scale study is needed to better understand how lipid levels affect triacylglycerol degradation, this analysis is a first step toward developing a better fingerprint aging test.
More information: Paige Hinners et al. Determining Fingerprint Age with Mass Spectrometry Imaging via Ozonolysis of Triacylglycerols, Analytical Chemistry (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04765
Journal information: Analytical Chemistry
Provided by American Chemical Society


text:
Resolved, That the 79th General Convention directs the Executive Council to take the necessary steps to develop a mandatory training program with respect to alcohol and substance misuse and other forms of addiction (to be renewed at designated intervals) for all persons in the process of formation for ordination and for all priests and deacons currently licensed, with the goal that all such clergy would:
- Be trained in prior resolutions of the General Convention regarding impairment;
- Recognize impairment; and
- Provide tools for reporting incidents involving impaired clergy and remove barriers that impede individuals from reporting.
Resolved, That the Executive Council consider using training materials through publicly available resources at no cost, such as The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (samhsa.gov).
View Original Version


Coalgate: Overhaul allocation rules for coal blocks
Apr 4, 2012, 06.24AM IST
Arvind Mahajan, Partner (Energy Practice), KPMG
The CAG report has argued that the government's system of coal allocation has resulted in a huge loss to the exchequer and 'windfall' gains to companies. Government's policy has been to allocate coal blocks to large actual users such as power generation companies, steel companies and so on for captive mining through a process that has evolved over the years.
Did this allocation process maximise value of the coal mines? The answer is no. The policy was to enable users to develop coal mines so that they can access coal supplies reliably and economically. Did the policy lead to windfall gains for a few? The answer again is no, given that a large number of companies, both private and government-owned, got access to the coal blocks.
Also, most blocks were allocated to power generators that sell most of the power under long-term power purchase agreements to state government distribution companies through competitive bidding process where the lowest power tariff wins.
The scope for significant gains is limited to only merchant power companies but these companies carry significant risk as well. The reality is that these 'user companies' are not allowed to sell the coal in the open market to earn windfall profits.
Can the existing policy be improved? Sure, by restricting coal allocation to power companies with long-term PPAs only and by auction of coal mines, which tends to be a more transparent process. However, if the auction of coal mines is only by value maximisation criteria, it will lead to higher price for coal and cost of power.
Also, true value maximisation will happen only if the coal industry is reformed and auctions are opened, not just to actual users, but to mining companies, including foreign ones. This will ensure greater access to technology and sustainable mining practices, as well as efficiency and competitiveness of the coal mining industry.
But this will require a change in the Coal Mines Nationalisation Act, 1973. The issue is not just allocation policy but the fact that we need to significantly enhance domestic coal production or we will need substantial increase in higher-cost imported coal and perhaps even stranded power projects for want of coal. If we are going to change the policy, why not go the whole hog.
Read counter view by E A S Sarma, Former Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs


text:
Have you ever found yourself in the situation where you want to send someone a Twitter message but you can't remember their Twitter username although you do know their real name? Or where you can remember their twitter username or their real name, but you do remember who they work for, or some other biographical fact about them that might appear in their Twitter biography? If that sounds familiar, here's a trick that may help…
… a searchable Twitter friends and followers contact list in Google Spreadsheets.
It's based on Martin Hawksey's rather wonderful Export Twitter Followers and Friends using a Google Spreadsheet (I have to admit – Martin has left me way behind now when it comes to tinkering with Google Apps Script…!) To get started, you'll need a Google docs account, and then have to indulge in a quick secret handshake between Google docs and Twitter, but Martin's instruction sheet is a joy to follow:-) Follow the *** Google Spreadsheet to Export Twitter Friends and Followers *** link on Martin's page, then come back here once you've archived your Twitter friends and/or followers…
..done that? Here's how to make the contact list searchable… I thought it should have been trivial, but it turned out to be quite involved!
The first thing I did was create a drop down list to let the user select Friends or Followers as the target of the search. (Martin's application loads friends and followers into different sheets.)
The next step was to generate a query. To search for a particular term on a specified sheet we can use a QUERY formula that takes the following form:
=query(Friends!B:E,"select B,C,D,E where D contains 'JISC'")
Friends! specifies the sheet we want to search over; B:E says we want to pull columns B, C, D and E from the Friends sheet into the current sheet; the select statement will display results over four columns (B, C, D and E) from Friends for rows where the entry in column D contains the search term JISC.
To pull in the search term from cell D1 we can use a query of the form:
=query(Friends!B:E,concatenate("select B,C,D,E where D contains '",D1,"'"))
The =concatenate formula constructs the search query. Make sure you use the right sort of quotes when constructing the string – Google Spreadsheets seems to prefer the use of double quotes wherever possible!
To search over two columns, (for example, the real name and the description columns of the twitter friends/follower data) we can use a query of the form:
=query(Followers!B:E,concatenate("select B,C,D,E where C contains '",D1,"' or D contains '",D1,"'")
Again – watch out for the quotes – the result we want from the concatenation is something like:
=query(Followers!B:E,concatenate("select B,C,D,E where C contains 'Jisc' or D contains 'Jisc')
so we have to explicitly code in the single quote in the concatenation formula.
Unfortunately, the query formula is case sensitive, which can cause the search to fail because we haven't taken (mis)use of case into account in our search term. This means we need to go defensive in the query formulation – in the following example, I force everything to upper case – search corpus as well as search terms:
=query(Followers!B:E,concatenate("select B,C,D,E where upper(C) contains upper('",D1,"') or upper(D) contains upper('",D1,"')")
The final step is to define the sheet we want to search – Friends! or Followers! – depending on the setting of cell B1 in our search sheet. I had idly though I could use a concatenate formula to create this, but concatenate returns a string and we need to define a range. In the end, the workaround I adopted was an if statement, that chooses a query with an appropriate range set explicitly/hardwired within the formula depending on whether we are are searching Friends or Followers. Here's the complete formula, which i put into cell E1.
=if(B1="Friends",query(Friends!B:E,concatenate("select B,C,D,E where upper(C) contains upper('",D1,"') or upper(D) contains upper('",D1,"')")),query(Followers!B:E,concatenate("select B,C,D,E where upper(C) contains upper('",D1,"') or upper(D) contains upper('",D1,"')")))
I now have a query sheet defined that allows me to search over my friends or followers, as required, according to their real name or a search term that appears in their biography description.