How To Photograph Cigarette Smoke (Step By Step)
Although we really shouldn't condone smoking due to its health implications, as artists, we have to admit that there is something really beautiful about the smoke itself. From the patterns it creates to how smoke dances in the light, there is a lot of opportunity for stunning images at the butt of a cigarette. Here is our step-by-step guide on how to take advantage of this phenomena!
Step 1: Choose the Right Lens
Everything comes down to how the final image looks! Although the camera plays a much more minor role in this specific type of photography, the lens plays a tremendous one. The optics you are using will affect perspective, field of view, and the depth of field.
First thing's first, determine how close or far away from the smoke you will be. For the most part, photographers choose standard lenses or telephoto lenses for this type of work, rather than wide angle lenses.
Wide angle lenses have a wide field of view, not really useful for something like cigarette smoke which can be fairly small!
Standard lenses range from 35mm all the way to 70mm and are amongst the easiest lenses to use because they feature no distortion (the glass is flat). Standard lenses are the closest to the human eye and what you see, which makes these millimeters popular choices for easier photography compositions. These lenses are also commonly seen with wide apertures, which is great for smoke photography because you can just focus on the smoke and blur the rest of the background away.
You may not initially consider telephoto lenses for smoke photography, but they can actually work out really great! Telephoto lenses are long lenses that can remind you a bit of a telescope. These lenses can zoom you very close to your subject! They range in millimeters from 70mm all the way to 300mm. Although commonly used by sport and animal photographers, there is something magical that happens when you use a telephoto lens for non-sporting subjects: the zoom range actually creates an optical compression when used, which creates more flattering proportions and perspective on whatever subject you capture! Plus the bonus of not needing to be near the smoke.
So needless to say, step one is determining the lens you want to use.
Step 2: Find a Good Light Source
Next, you need to find a good light source. Even when looking at smoke with the naked eye, you may have noticed that it tends to disappear in direct light and really shows its shape prominently in backlighting. As such, you need to apply these principles to your smoke photography.
Look for a light source that positions behind your subject rather than in front. As well, it's a good idea to have the light source be behind but from below so it doesn't overtake the smoke and cause it to be lost as well!
You can do this with natural, ambient light that is available at your shooting location or with an artificial light. Video lights that are continuous and don't flash work very nicely.
Step 3: Adjust Camera Settings
Now, the trickier part… camera settings. Camera settings are very dependent upon your location, the type of lighting, and the type of look you're wanting to capture. Set the camera to M (Manual) mode and focus on the exposure equation:
The ISO controls how the sensor responds to the light that hits it, whether it's sensitive to the light (because there is less of it) or not very sensitive to the light (because there is more of it).
The shutter speed is how fast your camera takes the photograph.
The aperture controls how much light does (or doesn't) hit your sensor.
For cigarette smoke photography, you'll likely want to freeze the smoke so you can capture it dancing in the air, so the priority will be your shutter speed first. The higher the shutter speed number, the more frozen the action will be (but the photograph will be darker). The lower the shutter speed number, the more motion blur your photograph will have (but the photograph will be lighter). For smoke, a minimum shutter speed of 1/300 can suffice.
Next, you'll probably want to make sure that the smoke is nicely isolated from the background and foreground. The lower the aperture number, the more light the camera lets in. The higher the aperture number, the less light the camera lets in. The lower the aperture number, the shallower the depth of field. The larger the aperture number, the deeper the depth of field. An F/2.8 is pretty excellent. Now, to go back to lens choice, the widest aperture is determined by the lensnot the camera. If you have an F/4 lens, for example, it cannot widen to F/2.8.
Then, you'll need to find an ISO that balances out the shutter speed and aperture setting. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive the camera is to light (but the less noise the photograph has). The higher the ISO number, the more sensitive the camera is to light (but the more noise the photograph has). Noise are the obnoxious little specks you see in photographs.
As well as this, cameras can sometimes have a hard time focusing on cigarette smoke because it can be so pale and fleeting. To help with focus, set your camera to the proper autofocus mode. By default, your camera is set to One-Shot right out of the box. One-Shot achieves automatic focus on your subject for only one image, not applicable for moving smoke. As such, switch the camera over to Continuous Focus. For this, the camera's focus keeps refocusing on the subject as it moves.
Then, utilize your Autofocus Points. These points tell you (and the camera) where to focus. Each point refers to an area the camera is able to focus on. By switching to a mode such as AF Selection, you can tell the camera exactly what points you need it to use to focus on your subject!
Step 4: Compose the Shot
Composition is everything! Composition is the arrangement of everything in a shotfrom the subject, to the background, and even the foreground.
For smoke, because it is something that moves, the primary compositional rule you'll want to focus on is the sense of implied movement. Implied sense of movement means the direction that you think the movement will go in a still image. How this factors into composition is that you always want to leave more negative space in the direction of implied movement. This keeps your photograph from feeling claustrophobic or too abruptly cropped.
So if the smoke is blowing to the left, you want more negative space to the left of the frame, to give the smoke some room to go!
Step 5: Direct Your Subject and Click!
You don't want to run out of smoke before you're ready to take the shot! Direct your subject to light the cigarette and start puffing after you've done the aforementioned four steps. Then aim your camera, get the focus, and take the shot!
In closing, these five simple steps should aid you in capturing some dramatic and fun smoke shots.
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Practice of mindfulness meditation slows the progression of HIV, study shows
Reducing stress can bolster immune system in HIV-positive adults, others
CD4+ T lymphocytes, or simply CD4 T cells, are the "brains" of the immune system, coordinating its activity when the body comes under attack. They are also the cells that are attacked by HIV, the devastating virus that causes AIDS and has infected roughly 40 million people worldwide. The virus slowly eats away at CD4 T cells, weakening the immune system.
But the immune systems of HIV/AIDS patients face another enemy as well — stress, which can accelerate CD4 T cell declines. Now, researchers at UCLA report that the practice of mindfulness meditation stopped the decline of CD4 T cells in HIV-positive patients suffering from stress, slowing the progression of the disease. The study was just released in the online edition of the journal Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
Mindfulness meditation is the practice of bringing an open and receptive awareness of the present moment to experiences, avoiding thinking of the past or worrying about the future. It is thought to reduce stress and improve health outcomes in a variety of patient populations.
"This study provides the first indication that mindfulness meditation stress-management training can have a direct impact on slowing HIV disease progression," said lead study author David Creswell, a research scientist at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA. "The mindfulness program is a group-based and low-cost treatment, and if this initial finding is replicated in larger samples, it's possible that such training can be used as a powerful complementary treatment for HIV disease, alongside medications."
Creswell and his colleagues ran an eight-week mindfulness-based stress-reduction (MBSR) meditation program and compared it to a one-day MBSR control seminar, using a stressed and ethnically diverse sample of 48 HIV-positive adults in Los Angeles. Participants in the eight-week group showed no loss of CD4 T cells, indicating that mindfulness meditation training can buffer declines. In contrast, the control group showed significant declines in CD4 T cells from pre-study to post-study. Such declines are a characteristic hallmark of HIV progression.
Creswell also noted that researchers found a "dose-response" relationship between MBSR class attendance and CD4 T cells, meaning, said Creswell, "the more mindfulness meditation classes people attended, the higher the CD4 T cells at the study's conclusion."
The researchers were also encouraged because the overall CD4 T cell effects remained even after controlling for a number of factors that could have skewed the study results. Most notably, they found equivalent protective effects for participants whether or not they were on antiretroviral medications for HIV. Even participants taking HIV medications showed the CD4 T cell buffering effect after the mindfulness meditation class, Creswell said.
There is emerging evidence from other studies that shows that behavioral stress-management programs can buffer HIV declines in HIV-positive people, Creswell noted. And while there has been an exponential increase of interest in and practice of mindfulness meditation in the West over the past 10 years, this study, he said, is the first to show an HIV disease protective effect with mindfulness meditation training.
In order to understand the health benefits of mindfulness meditation, Creswell and his colleagues at UCLA are now examining the underlying pathways through which mindfulness meditation reduces stress, using brain imaging, genetics and immune system measurements.
"Given the stress-reduction benefits of mindfulness meditation training, these findings indicate there can be health protective effects not just in people with HIV but in folks who suffer from daily stress," Creswell said.
This study was supported by postdoctoral research fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health, a seed grant from the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA, and the UCLA General Clinical Research Center. Other authors were Hector F. Myers, Steven W. Cole and Michael R. Irwin, all of whom declare no financial interests or conflicts of interest regarding this study.
The Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA encompasses an interdisciplinary network of scientists working to advance the understanding of psychoneuroimmunology by linking basic and clinical research programs and by translating findings into clinical practice. The center is affiliated with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


1. A cause or reason that contributes to some result.
2. An agent hired to sell property on behalf of its owner. The factor is given control and possession of the property from the start of the sale period until either the time of sale or the end of the agency relationship.
3. Someone who buys accounts receivable in exchange for a lump sum of money. The factor acquires rights to the future income stream from the accounts receivable, and the seller acquires immediate cash to fuel its business.


"Unsung Hero"
21H x 30L x 10W
Edition 25
The very word "Mustang" evokes images of Freedom and the American West. Horses returned to the American Continent, the land of their earliest evolution, in 1519 when Cortez landed in Mexico. Many later escaped and migrated northward, to proliferate on the western prairies of what became the United States. Their story and their impact on American History is much more complex than a simple vision of Freedom, for it was the horses that were captured and became partners to man, that left the deepest hoof prints in history. Without the horse to pull our wagons and plows and to carry our soldiers, the map of the United States would be very different. The Mustang is the Unsung Hero of our nation.
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Prescription for Heterosexuality
Nursing Clio's very own Carolyn Herbst Lewis recently sat down with Jackie Wolf, host of WOUB's Conversations From Studio B, to talk about her new book, Prescription For Heterosexuality: Sexual Citizenship in the Cold War Era.
Carolyn's book examines "how medical practitioners, especially family physicians, situated themselves as the guardians of Americans' sexual well-being during the early years of the Cold War. She argues that many doctors viewed their patients' sexual habits as more than an issue of personal health. They believed that a satisfying sexual relationship between heterosexual couples with very specific attributes and boundaries was the foundation of a successful marriage, a fundamental source of happiness in the American family, and a crucial building block of a secure nation."
You can check out the interview in its entirety here.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Advanced Driver Training
Our advanced driver training sessions are designed to simulate real world scenarios, and get the students to understand, correct and act accordingly to solve a potentially dangerous situation. This training includes a classroom part and a driving part.
Classroom sessions can include:
Emergency Braking & Braking Distances
Driving Exercises :
Braking & Avoiding
Emergency Lane Change
Avoiding without braking


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Often DCIM software is seen as "nice to have" or as costs, which is a pity. With a good DCIM-application both costs can be saved as turn over increased. In general DCIM can improve your datacenter operations with 20%-30%, without the need of a mechanical adjustment.
Datacentre suppliers and maintenance engineer are to put up their equipment in the best possible way. The pump supplier tries to ensure that the equipment he delivers function optimally. A pump however is not a stand-alone device. If it is used in a chiller circuit the settings of this pump also influence the efficiency of the entire chiller. The energy consumption of the chiller supersedes the consumption of the pump many times, so an efficiently set-up pump can have a large negative impact on the total power consumption.
In a good DCIM system combines the EMS (Electrical Management System) and CMS (Cooling Management System) into one system. This combined information prevents local optimization which results in overall larger energy consumption.
We discovered that combining overall energy consumption information and cooling management information in average result in 20-25% increase in efficiency.


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Effects of Weikart's Sequential Approach to Rhythmic Movement on Development of Rhythmic Competency in Primary Age Children
Trump, Patricia B.
MetadataShow full item record
SubjectMusic in education; Musical meter and rhythm; Musical perception; School children--Instruction and study
Problem. The purpose of this study was to compare the rhythmic competency of children receiving training using Weikart's Sequential Approach to Rhythmic Movement, and those receiving no training. Variables included gender and task alteration. Procedure. The sample consisted of 54 first graders. The Rhythmic Competency Analysis Test (RCAT) was administered to measure initial rhythmic competency. The experimental group received approximately 25 five-minute training sessions over a period of four months. Lessons were taken from Weikart's book, Music and Movement. The control grcup received no special training in rhythmic movement. An equivalent form of the RCAT was administered to all subjects at the end of the treatment period. Findinqs. RCAT data was treated statistically with t tests and with a 2(gender) x 2(instruction) factorial analysis of variance design. During the treatment period the subjects made significant improvement in RCAT scores, p<.001. Results showed locomotor tasks to be significantly more difficult than nonlocomotor tasks, p<.001. Gender was found to be significant only for Task 1 (patting bilaterally), p<.05. The experimental group made significantly better progress than the control group for locomotor tasks, p<.05, but there were no significant differences due to instruction for nonlocomotor tasks. Conclusions. The study concluded that while maturation was important to the development of rhythmic competency, instruction using Weikart's method could inprove performance, particularly locomotor skills. It was also found that the method of instruction could be implemented into a primary school music curriculum with a minimum investment of time and money. Recommendations. The study recommends that training in rhythmic movement be incorporated into elementary music classes, and that greater emphasis he placed on locomotor movement activities. Further research using an improved scoring method and a larger sample is needed in ordcr to clarify the effects of gender and to generalize these findings to other populations.
v, 97 leaves. Advisor: James Cox


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Imagine a sweet perfume wafting into your window from the garden. When you're growing a Michelia champaca in your yard, the natural perfume of its yellow flowers will float over your entire neighborhood. You won't need cologne or perfume if you tuck a flower in your hair before you leave the house. Native to India, champaca is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 10a to 11. A member of the magnolia family, champaca readily crosses with other magnolias. Seeds from hybrid varieties generally aren't true to the parent plant.
Allow the fruit from the parent tree to completely ripen before harvesting its seeds. Pick the unblemished fruit from the tree. Place the fruit in a warm, dry location until it splits open, revealing the seeds.
Remove the seeds from the fruit. Wash the seeds to remove all residue from the fruit. Put the seeds in a warm place to dry.
Sand the seeds lightly with sandpaper or nick the side of each seed with a sharp knife. Place the seeds in a bowl and cover with hot water. Allow the seeds to soak overnight, until the seeds swell and double in size. If the seeds don't swell, remove from the water and nick the hard outer shell again. Return the seeds to the bowl and add more hot water.
Remove the seeds from the water and treat with a fungicide according to the manufacturer's directions. The champaca is prone to fungal infections, which will kill the young seedlings.
Place 4-inch pots on a tray. Fill the bottom third of each pot with a high-quality acidic potting soil suitable for azaleas or rhododendrons. Add sterile seed-starting mix to the top two thirds of the pot. Water thoroughly to ensure that the soil is moist throughout the pot.
Insert one seed into each pot and barely cover with seed-starting mix. Cover the pots with plastic wrap and place in a warm location.
Check the soil every two to three days to ensure that it is still moist. Mist with a spray bottle if the soil begins to dry out, then replace the plastic wrap to maintain a consistent moisture level.
Maintain a constant temperature of 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit until the seeds germinate, between one and five weeks. Champaca has a relatively low germination rate, between 40 and 50 percent.
Place the seedlings in a warm, sheltered location in the garden or sun porch that receives morning sun. Champaca begins life as a second-story tree, receiving only dappled light in their native habitat. While under ideal conditions in the tropics a champaca tree may grow to 150 feet tall, in the United States it generally only reaches 20 to 25 feet tall.
Water the tree when the soil is dry to the touch. Fertilize biweekly with a liquid 10-10-10 fertilizer according to the manufacturer's directions.
Plant the champaca in the garden in the spring, after all chance of frost is past. A south-facing wall that receives morning sun and some afternoon dappled shade provides a warm microclimate suitable for this tropical tree. Select a well-draining location that is sheltered from the wind and hot afternoon sun.
Give the seedling plenty of water during its first couple of years of growth. After that water regularly in the summer when the tree is actively growing. Fertilize in the early spring with a balanced fertilizer according to the manufacturer's directions.
Prune only to shape the tree and remove dead branches.
Monitor the tree for aphids. Knock the aphids off with a strong stream of water. If there is a severe infestation, use an insecticidal soap to kill the aphids.
Things You Will Need
- Michelia champaca fruit
- Hot water
- Flower pots, 4-inch
- Potting soil for azaleas
- Sterile seed-starting mix
- Plastic wrap
- Spray bottle
- Liquid fertilizer, 10-10-10
- Anvil pruners
- Insecticidal soap
- Michelia champaca trees grown from seed may take up to 10 years before blooming.
- The champaca tree is very slow growing when grown in a cooler climate.
- Consider growing your champaca as a potted tree to protect it from winter temperatures.
- The fragrant oil of the flower is used in the perfume industry. Crush the flowers to extract the essential oils and make your own perfume, scented candles and soaps.
- Wear gloves when digging in the garden to protect your hands.


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VDC is said to be virtual device context, supported by Cisco NX-OS Software series. VDC helps in partition a single physical device to multiple logical devices which acts as unique and independent switch and has its own configuration and can be managed by separate administrator.
With VDC, We can manage multiple logical switch with in physical device, each VDC has its own unique set of L2 and L3 process, which runs on each of logical switches. We can treat these logical switches or these logical switch behaves same like physical switch which has its own set of L2 and L3 process and configuration running because each logical switch contains its own configuration file stored in NVRAM via VDC name and each logical devices has its own L2 and L3 control plane as we have like in each physical switch.
Following are benefits of VDC:
- Provides Fault isolation, if any fault occurs in any L2 or L3 process, it does not affect any other processes running on another logical switches.
- Provides management Isolation, each logical switches can be treated as individual switch and can be managed separately. It can be accessed by unique individual IP.
- Hardware Isolation, if any hardware resource is allocated to any VDC, it will be part of that VDC till the time, admin can reallocated it to any another VDC.
- Provides separation of data traffic at VDC level
- Provide enhance Security at VDC level.
VDC also virtualize the control plane like L2 tables (MAC tables), L2 Protocols, RIB and Routing protocols.
When any VDC is created, Control plane processes are replicated to all other VDC by NX-OS software. This replication enables VDC administrators use VLAN and VRF independently to those used in other VDCs. In Ethernet VDC, same VLANs numbers can be used across different VDC.


Why do I have to take a bath?
Chris Amaral/Digital Vision/Thinkstock
If your parents tell you to take a bath, then that's the reason why. But there is no survival reason to take a bath. People can go for months without taking a bath and they survive fine.
But, when they don't take a bath, people sometimes smell pretty bad. Taking a bath gets rid of the smell. And your skin gets dirty, just like a car gets dirty if you don't wash it. Taking a bath lets you clean your skin. If you have a cut or a scrape, cleaning the skin will help it heal faster because it gets rid of germs.


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 This will provide steering as a command heading symbol on the VDI and HSD to a waypoint selected by the RIO on the navigation control and data readout panel. The manual steering mode is similar to the basic takeoff mode. The mode is entered by pressing the MAN button and selecting a desired course with the CRS control on the HSD. To enter the landing steering mode, press the LDG button on the PDCP. There are three steering submodes available during landing. To enter the cruise destination steering mode, press the Rencontrea button on the PDCP.
 In the destination steering submode, the destination


text:
|Biology Demonstration Manual (Peace Corps, 1993, 35 p.)|
Lesson: Les levures
Rationale: Show evidence of yeast respiration.
Materials: piece of bread
1. Show a piece of bread.
2. Explain that the holes are caused by the carbon dioxide given off by the yeast and then trapped in the bread dough before baking.
Source: Belin Sciences et Techniques Biologiques 6, p. 79.


What lag time is
Lag time is the amount of time by which the destination system lags behind the source system.
The lag time is the difference between the current time and the timestamp of the Snapshot copy that was last successfully transferred to the destination system. The lag time will always be at least as much as the duration of the last successful transfer, unless the clocks on the source and destination systems are not synchronized. The time zone difference is automatically calculated into the lag time.


Do You Need Detergents To Wash Clothes?
Detergents To Wash Clothes
Yes, you need detergents to wash your clothes since water alone cannot remove dirt and oil from garments. A detergent reacts chemically with water to force out debris and dirt trapped in the clothing material and clean them away. Detergents are naturally alkaline, and as they react with dirt, oil, and stains, they unseat them from the clothes fiber.
Detergents also form layers around oil and dirt molecules, preventing them from settling back on your clothes. These cleansing agents are suitable for washing clothes, whether you are using hard or soft water.
Can You Wash Clothes Without Detergents? Alternatives To Use
While washing clothes without a detergent may not be so comfortable, it can still be done. You can clean lightly-soiled laundry in plain water and even get the desired outcome. A washing machine's agitation can also clean the laundry without the need of a cleaning agent. There are also some alternatives that you can use in place of a detergent;
Baking Soda
 Baking soda is a suitable substance that you can use instead of detergent and still get your clothes sparkling clean. A cup of baking soda, water, and your washing machine's agitation is enough to give a load of clean and fresh laundry. Baking soda is a suitable alternative to soaps, especially if you have sensitive skin. It does not have additives that may cause breakouts or itchiness.
A cup of borax can be useful for everyday laundry if you don't have or are not willing to use a detergent. The action of water, borax, and the agitation from the washer will give you cleaner clothing than you can imagine. Ensure that when using this product, you pre-treat the stains before washing. It would help if you also had the highest water temperature recommendable for the fabric.
Oxygen-Based Bleaches
Oxygen-based bleaches are also suitable for use as alternatives to soaps. Add half a cup of this powder to an empty washer drum followed by the dirty clothes and water. This substance is an all-fabric, gentle bleach that helps to remove stains and brighten laundry.
It is safe for use on all kinds of fabrics, whether colored or white. Oxygen bleach works slower than chlorine bleach due to its chemical ingredients. The bleaching agent is less damaging to fibers, less corrosive, and also environment-friendly.
The shampoo is among the most common alternatives to laundry detergents. However, avoid using this product in your washing machine as the suds are hard to remove during the machine's normal rinse cycle. You can use shampoo as a better option when hand-washing your clothes and will easily remove oils and dirt.
Choose a gentle product and apply a small amount in a bathroom sink full of water. You can also use a larger sink or a tub if the laundry is a lot.
Dish-Washing Liquid
This product can also be used as an alternative to laundry detergent in some circumstances. A dish liquid can only be used when hand-washing your clothes and as long as it is not bleached. Ensure that you use a minimal amount of this liquid on your clothes.
Bar Soap
You can use bar soap instead of detergent while washing your clothes by hand. Look for bar soaps with no oils to prevent damaging your clothes. Bar soaps can help eliminate stains and clean small items, but it is not suitable for huge laundry.
Natural Laundry Detergents
There are a few alternatives if you desire to clean your laundry with natural other than manufactured products.
Vinegar is an easy natural alternative to laundry detergent. You may use it with your washer to improve the whiteness and brightness of your fabrics. This product has a mildly acidic nature that makes it perfect for stain removal from your clothes. It works well for both white and colored garments, and it's pretty potent smell makes it ideal for removing the sour smell.
If your clothes have strong odors, you can run them through a laundry cycle to eliminate the smell. Vinegar also prevents pet hair from sticking to your clothes, which makes it beneficial to pet owners.
Lemon Juice
Lemon juice is an all-natural alternative to detergents that can be used to brighten white fabric. This natural product is perfect for getting rid of stains, mostly rust, mold, and mildew. You can use a mixture of lemon juice to remove mildew stains caused by storing damp towels or clothes.
Make a paste of salt and lemon juice and spread it on the stained parts.
Are Laundry Detergents Different?
Laundry detergents are different, and your choice will depend on your needs. While the detergent brands do not matter, their components may significantly impact your skin and the cleaning outcome. Following factors make a difference in cleaning agents:
Detergents come with different fragrances, and you can pick what you like. But, if you have sensitive skin, avoid scented products since they are the main skin allergens. There are all-free, clear, and cheer-free detergents perfect for people whose skins are sensitive.
Ensure that the detergent you choose does not have natural cleaning ingredients such as lavender and citrus, as they can also be allergens. Antistatic drier sheets and fabric softeners should also be avoided since they are loaded with scents.
If you have sensitive skin, make sure that you remove all residues from the detergent by rinsing your clothes twice. It would help if you avoided over-packing your washer to ensure thorough rinsing of your laundry.
Stain Removing Properties
Some detergents have better stain removing power than others. It would help if you looked at people's reviews about which cleaning detergents works better. Look for a detergent that can work well with both cold and warm water. Your choice should also remove all kinds of stain, whether it is in powder or liquid form.
Efficiency For Use With Washers
If you have a high-efficiency washer, look for a highly effective detergent. Not all detergents work the same with your washers and you need to buy the right product since they produce fewer suds. The machine is also able to rinse out the soap quickly.
A Little Amount For Your Laundry
Some detergents may require you to use a large amount for your laundry, which is not cost-effective. Look for one in which a little amount will go a long way. Washing machines need to use less soap so that it does not get trapped on the clothes.
Laundry Mistakes To Avoid
Sometimes we make mistakes while cleaning our clothes, whether with the way we use detergents, washing machines, or using wrong products. Below are some errors that we need to avoid;
Using A Lot Of Detergents
Too much detergent can cause excess suds to hold onto the fabric and prevent it from rinsing out properly. A garment that is not appropriately rinsed may have some bacterial build that is not healthy for your skin. Use a little amount for best results,
Rubbing Stains Aggressively
Avoid rubbing the stains too hard as doing this can wear the fabric away and worsen the dirt. Treat the color immediately and dub instead of rubbing while working from the outside to contain the blemish.
Incorrectly Filling The Washer.
If you are using a liquid detergent and a top-loader, start with clothes, followed by water, then soap. Modern detergents are not harmful to clothes since they are phosphate-free. Adding water before clothes can make them float, and hence your cleaning will not be sufficient.
Overusing Bleach
Avoid too much bleach, as this may spoil your fabrics. You may use natural alternatives such as lemon, which will make your clothes brighter and whiter.
Using The Un-Leveled Washing Machine
If you use a washer that is not level, it may produce vibrations that will damage the floor. Vibrations will also wear some components such as shock absorbers and tub bearings prematurely.
Ensure that the feet are screwed up and down properly to level your washing machine.
If you use the right detergent in the right portions and practice the proper cleaning habits, it will leave your clothes clean and smelling fresh. You can also use alternative products instead of detergents for better outcomes, especially if you want to save on costs.
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I can see it's time to break out some heat transfer discussions when people continue to say the thermostat is required to slow the coolant flow in a radiator "to have enough time to transfer heat". Absolutely false!
The addition of a thermostat, besides getting an engine up to an optimal operating temperature, will add marginal coolant back pressure in the engine and add turbulence to the coolant flow. The marginal pressure increase will hold the coolant in the liquid state at a slightly higher temperature thereby helping to reduce the potential creation of steam pockets internal to the engine. Turbulent flow is more efficient at heat transfer than laminar flow. Therefore, any turbulence added by the thermostat can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the radiator. So, if someone tells you they had an overheating problem and solved it by adding a thermostat, they added turbulence to the coolant entering the radiator which in fact did improve their cooling system.
As far as flow goes, increased flow in a closed loop cooling system improves the system efficiency (not degrades it). Here's the fallacy in the flow argument: If increasing the flow degraded the heat rejection in the radiator, then it would also follow that the heat absorption in the water jackets would also be degraded. Therefore, the coolant would in fact absorb less heat and actually be cooler. The engine block would get hotter, the combustion chamber temperatures would increase and exhaust gas temperatures would increase. But the engine would appear to run cooler from a coolant standpoint. In fact it doesn't work that way in a closed loop system, increasing the flow improves the heat transfer process.
The net time the coolant spends in the radiator remains the same in a closed system, regardless of flow rates (assuming everything else is equal). Don't believe it? Try this... Let's consider a flow rate where the time through the radiator is 10 seconds. Now let's double the flow rate. It makes sense that the coolant must flow through the radiator twice as fast which equals 5 seconds. Now...since the flow rate is double, the coolant must flow through the radiator 2 times at this rate versus only once at the slower rate. Therefore the coolant makes two trips through the radiator at 5 seconds per trip. This results in the same length of time of 10 seconds.
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Integrated service networks: the Quebec case.
|Title||Integrated service networks: the Quebec case.|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2006|
|Journal||Health Serv Manage Res|
|Date Published||2006 Aug|
In the current context of health-care reform, integrated service networks are presented as main solutions to enhance efficiency. During the past few years, there has been an abundance of literature focusing on integration and the underlying implementation issues. However, the concept of integrated service networks remains fluid, and there are few typologies on health-care inter-organizational relations. The Quebec health-care system offers fertile ground for furthering our understanding of this concept because of its public system of funding, its integration of health and social missions, and the present reform's state of development. On the basis of a review of the literature and empirical studies, this article intends to clarify the concept of integrated service networks. A typology of inter-organizational relations and the main parameters for organizing integrated service networks are presented. The article also discusses the effectiveness of integration models.
|Alternate Journal||Health Serv Manage Res|


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Pedometers or Digital Watches for Steps Counting
This is a very interesting topic because so many people are health-conscious. Most of the people want to keep the records of how many steps they covered in a day.
The possible devices available in the market like:
- Apps in mobile phones.
First I have tried the apps on smart mobile phones, but none of these apps were correct. The figures were different from different apps. As I know these apps just count steps by just the motion. If you traveling in a jeep and have lots of jumps, you will find your steps in thousands.
Then I have tried the smartwatches for counting the steps and have the same problem. I have tried various watches by the recommendation of the Amazon, and various websites, and have the same issue.
By google research, a pedometer was suggested. I bought the three pedometers from amazon. I put all three in my pockets and starting counting after midnight when all three were zero. Again check the count on all three and found:
- One of the pedometers showed steps in 1450.
- One of the pedometers showed steps in 2640.
- One of the pedometers showed steps in 1860.
Now to whom I should believe? I know these pedometers also detect your motion. So none of these is 100% accurate.
My conclusion is that all these digital devices give you a rough idea about your steps activity during the day.
Note: This is just the author's conclusion and anybody can differ with it. So the author is not responsible.


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Australia's Transport Safety Bureau has issued a safety advisory notice to all helicopter operators conducting overwater operations. The notice advises the importance of frequent helicopter underwater escape training (HUET) for aircrew and regular passengers to increase survivability of an in-water accident.
The notice was issued as a result of the TSB's initial investigation into the fatal collision with water of an Airbus Helicopters EC135 on March 14. While one pilot survived, the other was unable to escape from the helicopter. Examination of the aircraft operator's records revealed the deceased pilot, who was recently employed by the operator, had not undertaken a HUET course for nine years.
"Research of accidents into water has shown that occupants who survive the initial impact will likely have to make an in-water or underwater escape, as helicopters usually rapidly roll inverted post-impact," the ATSB said. "The research has also shown that drowning is the primary cause of death following a helicopter accident into water."
A HUET course is considered to provide individuals with familiarity with the crash environment and confidence in their ability to cope with emergency situations. The ATSB said that interviews with survivors from helicopter accidents requiring underwater escape frequently mention they considered that HUET had been very important in their survival. "Training provided reflex conditioning, a behavioral pattern to follow, reduced confusion, and reduced panic."
Notwithstanding, the ATSB emphasized that the investigation is continuing and it is too soon to draw final conclusions.


of characters. This is especially useful when you want to delete a bunch of lines, large enough to take some time to count them all before typing 17dd for instance.
There is also a "visual block" mode. This awesome mode, that you would probably not find in common non-text-based editors, allows you to select columns of text, instead of lines. While in "visual block" mode, type I to insert text before the selection, inserted text will be written on the first line, and repeated to the other lines after


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Childcare Practitioner's Workshop: Making the Brain Connection: Teaching a Child Through Play (Thursday, September 16)
Did you know that 90% of a child's brain development happens by age 5? You can make an important impact on the life of a child simply by spending time with them and interacting with them in constructive ways.
During this workshop participants will:
- Learn the latest information about a child's early brain development.
- Realize the power YOU have to transform a child's brain through play. Learn simple techniques to encourage learning and ways to incorporate book activities. Find out how these activities can actually change brain growth.
- Discuss/examine a variety of toys that encourage learning.
- Develop teaching materials in a make-it take-it format for classroom use.
This training will fulfill 2 hours of the Department of Public Welfare training requirements and meet the Core Body of Knowledge K2 C2 11 and the Pennsylvania Early Learning Standard 15.1: Constructing Knowledge and 15.3: Applying Knowledge.
$10.00 materials fee payable at time of registration.
Location: Schlow Community Room
Please call the Children's Department to register. _PHONE_


A Perfect Software and Hardware Collaboration to Initiate Advanced AI
A Perfect Software and Hardware Collaboration to Initiate Advanced AI
In this modern digital age, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence is one of the major breakthroughs for science and advancing technology. With the help of the latest AI technology, data scientists and programmers are able to collaborate with the computer software and hardware together.
Analyzes tell that with this collaboration, the development of the latest technology will become much easier. When people will be using this technology, they will not face any hiccups. In addition to that, they will also be able to personalize the machines for commercial purposes.
The AI Multiprocessing
Nowadays, researchers and scientists are busy in producing customized Artificial Intelligence chips for faster processing powers. In addition to that, making good money is also one of their main intentions.
The world's most famous and renowned project is the Hydra chip multiprocessor project. A person named Olukotun was the leader and people call him the father of AI multicore processors.
MNCs Point of View
According to the technology giants, the biggest transition of technology is now in its initiation stage. The first major breakthrough was the internet, and now it is Artificial Intelligence. This technology is really helping a lot in the development of hardware as well as software.
Most of the computer architectures in recent days are powered by AI for smooth hardware and software integration.
The Common Issues with Modern Architecture
Scientists and engineers have detected three major issues in modern-day computer architecture. The first one is the crisis of the data center when it comes to power, cost, and sprawl.
This issue is forcing companies to produce new architecture for data processing. The costing might become very high and the organizations won't be able to keep up with the pace. The second one is the collection of a huge amount of data.
But, unfortunately, people are unable to transform those data into information for the value of the business. In such cases, what really happens? The answer is data wastage, nothing else. It is very much easy to say about the transformation but doing it is a humongous task.
Last but not the least, the companies always try to take advantage of creating such applications that will use the architecture easily. Absolutely these are not the way how architecture works. This is where AI technology comes into being. The set of programs and instructions are there to decide when and how to use the hardware architecture.
The Ease of Development
The acceleration and development of technology will enable people to accomplish things much more easily and conveniently. In addition to that, the programmers, who created the AI will get their desired coding value.
So, as technology is proceeding more further, experts say that people must think beyond the level of Artificial Intelligence. This development of technology will only help them do such things which are impossible for them now.
The Transition of AI in Software and Hardware
All the data scientists and researchers, who are new to the development of AI software and hardware must transit their work. They must perform those types of transitions that the infamous data centers are following for the past few decades.
The ease of development is all about creating and understanding the value of code faster. This is how the data scientists and the researchers should actually accelerate the development of technology. With the help of it, people will be able to do in the future what they cannot do now.
What about the Large Datasets?
The problems that the experts face today are nothing but the large datasets. The actual matter of fact is, to make the datasets useful. That is why researchers need to compile the data in order to extract information. Beyond the usage of the compiler, people are wondering how the full data flow software stack looks like.
Those datasets must be compiled with the help of AI software and programs in order to meet the commercial needs of the people. For that, scientists have to understand the computation procedure and software perspectives in details.


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Our goal is to develop and promote the adoption of small-volume rheological methods for complex fluids including bio-fluids, suspensions and polymers, where small volume capability is advantageous because it is the natural length scale, the sample size availability is small, or the technique is more sensitive.
One way to develop small-volume rheology methods that we have used successfully is to start with existing concepts and geometries of rheometry and to then "think small." This approach ensures that we are measuring fundamental materials properties rather than quantities that are experiment and geometry specific. Examples include:
Another way is to start with small scale phenomenology (such as flow in a droplet) and then develop a theory that connects to rheological parameters:
Additional Technical Details:
We have developed a multi-sample micro-capillary rheometer,M2R,which is capable of measurements over a broad range of temperatures, viscosities and shear rates. The instrument is inherently simple as the flow is generated by external gas pressure and the shear rate is measured through optical tracking of the flow front. In the current implementation, the required mass of each sample is approximately 20 mg, which is significantly less than traditional rheometers, further it measures four samples simultaneously. The device shown above contains no moving parts and the flow geometry is simply defined by slits cut into standard grade stainless steel shims. We find excellent agreement between the results obtained with the M2R and those from standard rheometers.
This figure shows viscosity measurements that cover a range from high temperature polymer melts down to very light room temperature oils. In order to conduct measurements at viscosities below ~1 Pa s, we must account for the capillary forces which act to pull the fluids into the flow channels. We successfully measured these forces by removing the input gas pressure and by tilting the device so that a fluid in one slit travels upwards while an identical fluid in another flows downwards,at a greater rate. From the difference in flow speed, we can measure the capillary force and thus correct our data. We also demonstrate procedures for correcting data for shear-thinning and entry/exit flows. This instrument will be particularly useful in cases of multiple samples, limited material quantity, when flow heating is unacceptable and when optical access is useful. More generally, the techniques employed here pave the way for the development of polymer melt microfluidics. We envision that mixing, processing and measurement operations can all occur in these devices.
our new droplet-based method to measure the viscoelastic properties of interfaces measures the two fundamental modes of interfacial deformation: dilation and shear. As the name indicates, the former involves changing local interfacial area, whereas the latter is at constant area. Both types of motion always occur, and different material properties are associated with each. Dynamics of sorption have also been determined by measuring interfacial tension with time. The droplet-based approach enabled additional material constants to be determined, since drop size can be adjusted and thus change the limiting mass transfer processes.
Protein and particle rheology
This effort will start at the end of this year. We will initially put together a high-accuracy microfluidic viscometer to measure small solution volumes and assess solution stability. Improved temporal resolution will measure fluctuations in viscosity and thus function as a rough particle counter.
A proof of concept study was completed. Future needs are easier sample loading and real-time measurement of stage position, so that data may be gathered more efficiently and accurately.
Complex Fluid Formulation Dialog
An international dialog on state-of-the-art measurement methods and emerging needs in the formulation and manufacture of complex fluids.
Start Date:October 3, 2005
Lead Organizational Unit:mml
Source of Extramural Funding:
MedImmune, in kind support of postdoctoral fellow
Government and nonprofit:
Our main tools are theory, optical microscopy, high-speed imaging and microfluidics. Desired future capabilities are: better optics, higher-resolution particle tracking and velocimetry, neutron and other scattering, and more advanced device fabrication.


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State of the 'Art': A Taxonomy of Artistic Stylization Techniques for Images and Video
This paper surveys the field of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), focusing on techniques for transforming 2D input (images and video) into artistically stylized renderings. We first present a taxonomy of the 2D NPR algorithms developed over the past two decades, structured according to the design characteristics and behavior of each technique. We then describe a chronology of development from the semi-automatic paint systems of the early nineties, through to the automated painterly rendering systems of the late nineties driven by image gradient analysis. Two complementary trends in the NPR literature are then addressed, with reference to our taxonomy. First, the fusion of higher level computer vision and NPR, illustrating the trends toward scene analysis to drive artistic abstraction and diversity of style. Second, the evolution of local processing approaches toward edge-aware filtering for real-time stylization of images and video. The survey then concludes with a discussion of open challenges for 2D NPR identified in recent NPR symposia, including topics such as user and aesthetic evaluation.
|Jan Eric Kyprianidis, John Collomosse, Tinghuai Wang, and Tobias Isenberg (2013) State of the "Art": A Taxonomy of Artistic Stylization Techniques for Images and Video. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 19(5):866–885, May 2013.|| doi|
This work was done in collaboration with the University of Surrey, UK, the Hasso-Plattner-Institut at the University of Potsdam, Germany, the Scientific Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, the AVIZ project group of INRIA, France, and the LIMSI lab at CNRS, France.


from talker to listener by a transmission channel," thus begins the Introduction to standard IEC 60268-16, Edition 4, 2011-06. From the Abstract: "IEC 60268-16:2011(E) specifies objective methods for rating the transmission quality of speech with respect to intelligibility. It provides a comprehensive manual for all types of users of the STI method in the fields of audio, communications and acoustics. Three methods are presented, which are closely related and are referred to as STI, STIPA, and STITEL. The first two methods are intended for rating speech transmission performance with or without sound systems. The STITEL method has more restricted uses.... This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: development of more comprehensive, complete and unambiguous standardization of the STI methodology; the term STIr is discontinued. A new function for the prediction of auditory masking effects is introduced; the concept of'speech level' and the setting of the level of the test signal have been introduced; additional information has been included on prediction and measurement procedures." Here is a nice summary of the technique: "In STI testing, speech is modeled by a special test signal with speech-like characteristics. Following on the concept that speech can be described as a fundamental waveform that is modulated by low-frequency signals, STI employs a complex amplitude modulation scheme to generate its test signal. At the receiving end of the communication system, the depth of modulation of the received signal is compared with that of the test signal in each of a number of frequency bands. Reductions in the modulation depth are associated with loss of intelligibility." [Meyer Sound Notes] Contrast with obsolete method, RASTI. Compare with %ALCONS.
Sting Stage name of Gorden Sumner.
St. Jerome's Laneway Festival A touring music festival begun by Jerome Borazio and Danny Rogers in 2004, in Melbourne, Australia. Now rotates to multiple Australian cities as well as Auckland, Singapore and Detroit. Read history here.
STIPA (speech transmission index for public address systems) A speech intelligibility measurement described by developers H. Steeneken, J. Verhave, S. McManus and K. Jacob in their paper "Development of an Accurate, Handheld Simple-to-Use, Meter for the Prediction of Speech Intelligibility," Proc. IOA, Vol. 23, Pt. 8, 2001. Goldline manufactures a model. Equivalent British term is PASTI for public address STI.
Stick®See Chapman Stick®.
stiction Physics. In positioning, the friction that prevents immediate motion when force is first applied to a body or surface at rest.
stochastic resonance Communications. The science behind dither. A phenomenon of nonlinear systems where low-level input signals are amplified and optimized by adding noise, i.e., an increase in the input noise produces an improvement in the output signal-to-noise ratio "The effect requires three basic ingredients: (i) an energetic activation barrier or, more generally, a form of threshold; (ii) a weak coherent input (such as a periodic signal); (iii) a source of noise that is inherent in the system, or that adds to the coherent input. Given these features, the response of the system undergoes resonance-like behavior as a function of the noise level; hence the name stochastic resonance." [From Stochastic Resonance by L Gammaitoni, P Haenggi, P Jung, and F Marchesoni. Thanks S.H.!]
Stockham, Jr., Thomas G. (_PHONE_) American electrical engineer best known for his pioneering work in digital audio recording and editing. Known as the father of digital magnetic sound recording, Dr. Stockham earned Grammy, Emmy and Academy awards for his work and was the founder of Soundstream, Inc.
Stockhausen, Karlheinz (_PHONE_) German composer renowned for his pioneering work in electronic music. The Beatles featured a photo of him on the cover of their album, "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" (fifth from the left in the back row.)
stompboxes See: effects boxes.
stone dulcimer See: rock harmonicon.
stopband The range of frequencies substantially attenuated by a filter as opposed to the range of frequencies unaffected by the filter. The opposite of passband.
stops Speech. "In phonetics, the class of consonants produced by a complete closure of the flow of air in the vocal tract. Examples are 'p', 'd', and 'k'." [Bregman]
stovepiping 1. Information Technology. Refers to information traveling up and down in an organization with little horizontal sharing or checking. 2. Computer Science. "Retrieval of information from unconnected databases; the situation that exists when it is necessary to climb out of one database in order to climb down into another; sometimes used for protection against wandering hackers." [Word]
STP (shielded twisted-pair) See cables; also Scientifically Treated Petroleum, but that's another story from another time.
strad Musical Instruments. Affectionate nickname for instruments made by Antonio Stradivari, who created more than 1,000 stringed instruments, with estimates of 600 remaining.
Stradivari, Antonio (_PHONE_) Italian violin maker who developed the proportions of the modern violin and created instruments of unsurpassed beauty and tone. His sons Francesco (_PHONE_) and Omobono (_PHONE_) carried on the family tradition of fine artistry. [AHD]
Strawberry Music Festival Big folk and bluegrass music festival held each year over Labor Day weekend at Camp Mather, bordering Yosemite National Park, begun in 1982 by Charlie Cran and others.
streaming media Internet. A process in which audio, video, and other multimedia is delivered "just in time" over the Internet or company intranet. Pioneered and named by Netscape, as a smarter way to deliver data, their browser immediately loaded text and then followed with graphics in real time as it arrived (streamed in), then RealNetworks came along and applied this technology to audio and video.
stripline Electronics. A flat transmission line surrounded by a dielectric between a pair of ground planes. Contrast with microstrip.
strophe 1. a. The first of a pair of stanzas of alternating form on which the structure of a given poem is based. b. A stanza containing irregular lines. 2. The first division of the triad constituting a section of a Pindaric ode. 3. a. The first movement of the chorus in classical Greek drama while turning from one side of the orchestra to the other. b. The part of a choral ode sung while this movement is executed. [AHD]
strophic 1. Relating to or consisting of strophes. 2. Music Having the same melody used for each strophe. [AHD]
structured audio See MPEG-4.
Strutt, John William See: Lord Rayleigh
Studio 54 (_PHONE_: dates for the original club) Famous disco club located in an old CBS TV studio located at 254 West 54th Street, Manhattan, NY -- hence, the name.
stutter edit DJ. A popular remixing effect. See Jason Scott Alexander's "Fractal Tendencies" published in Remix magazine for how-to tips.
subcardioid microphone See microphone polar response.
subcode Non-audio digital data encoded on a CD that contains definable information such as track number, times, copy inhibit, copyright, etc.
subgroups See groups.
subharmonic Frequencies that are fractions of the fundamental, i.e., multiples of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 etc.
submix See groups.
subsonic Having a speed less than that of sound in a designated medium. [AHD] (Use infrasonic if referring to frequencies below human hearing range.)
subtend 1. Mathematics. To be opposite to and delimit: The side of a triangle subtends the opposite angle. 2. To underlie so as to enclose or surround: flowers subtended by leafy bracts. [AHD]
subwoofer A large woofer loudspeaker designed to reproduce audio's very bottom-end, i.e., approximately the last one or two octaves, from 20 Hz to 80-100 Hz. (Actually misnamed since subsonic means slower than audio, while infrasonic means lower than audio, it should be called an "infrawoofer.") See Royal Device for the ultimate subwoofer.
successive approximation Early method of A/D conversion. For a detailed example see the RaneNote Digital Dharma of Audio A/D Converters.
Summerfest Music festival held in Milwaukee, WI, recognized by Guinness World Records as the largest music festival for over 15 years, mostly due to its 11-day duration.
supra-aural Headphones. Literally "on the ear," thus headphones with earpieces resting on the ear. Comfortable to wear but the lack of a tight seal allows lots of ambient noise -- sometimes this is desired; sometimes it is not. Compare with: circumaural.
supercardioid microphone See microphone polar response.
supersonic Having, caused by, or relating to a speed greater than the speed of sound in a given medium, especially air. [AHD] (Use ultrasonic if referring to frequencies above human hearing range.)
suppression also gain suppression In teleconferencing the term used to describe the technique of instantaneous reduction of a sound system


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Pluto in 6th House
Pluto in 6th house characteristics
The 6th house governs self-improvement, refinement, and service to others. When Pluto, the planet symbolizing transformation and change, occupies this house, it significantly influences these life areas. This placement indicates a potent need for improvement and refinement, permeating every facet of daily life and routines.
Symbolizing daily work, health, and routine tasks, the 6th house, when occupied by Pluto, instills individuals with a profound urge to transform these areas. This transformation may involve discarding outdated patterns that no longer benefit them, leading to a total career change, a dramatic shift in daily habits, or a redefinition of their approach to health and self-care.
Similarly, the 6th house governs issues necessitating correction or improvement. Pluto's transformative energy in this house could direct towards identifying and resolving such issues, ranging from personal health challenges to work-related obstacles. The key lies in acknowledging the problem and then initiating steps to rectify it.
The 6th house also signifies care for small animals. When Pluto occupies this house, a deep-seated urge to transform these creatures' lives may manifest. This urge could find expression through involvement in animal rescue or rehabilitation, or a personal commitment to enhancing the lives of pets or local wildlife.
Lastly, the 6th house is associated with one's craft or skills, especially in the work environment. Here, Pluto's influence may compel a deep exploration into mastering a particular skill or craft, or perhaps a total revamp of one's skillset in the pursuit of a new career or hobby.
Pluto in 6th house strengths and challenges
A key strength of this placement is the inherent ability to identify life areas needing improvement and the resolve to effect necessary changes. Pluto's transformative energy can supply the drive and motivation required to make significant progress in self-improvement, career, health, and other life areas.
Another strength is the potential for growth and transformation this placement offers. Pluto's influence can trigger profound personal evolution, prompting individuals to discard old habits and patterns and adopt new thought and behavior patterns. This can result in substantial personal growth and the evolution of a stronger, more resilient self.
However, this placement also poses some challenges. The drive for constant improvement and transformation can become overwhelming, leading to burnout or frustration. It's crucial for individuals with Pluto in the 6th house to understand that change takes time, and it's permissible to take a break and rest.
Another challenge is the potential for becoming overly fixated on outcomes or specific goals. Under Pluto's influence, there can be a tendency to become excessively attached to specific results, which can impede the transformation process. Learning to release expectations and remain open to change is critical to overcoming this challenge.
Finally, despite the strong urge for transformation, there can be a fear of change. This paradox can generate internal tension and stress. Acknowledging this fear and accepting the 'death' of old patterns is crucial for achieving true transformation.
When Pluto resides in the 6th house, it incites a profound urge for transformation and improvement in daily life, work, health, and care for small animals. The strengths of this placement lie in the potential for personal growth and the determination to effect necessary changes. However, it also presents challenges such as the potential for burnout, attachment to outcomes, and fear of change. Recognizing these challenges and learning to navigate them is crucial to harnessing the transformative power of Pluto in the 6th house.
Next: pluto in 7th house


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Perhaps you've seen sheet metals on several occasions used for roofing, welding, auto manufacturing, food industry, or in special sheet metal fabrication, and you're wondering how the thickness of these smooth, beautiful pieces are determined. A system called the gauge system determines this thickness.
This article explains the meaning and importance of sheet metal gauge for sheet metal fabrication. It also explains how to measure gauge and how to choose the right metal thickness for your fabrication.
What is Gauge in Sheet Metal Fabrication?
When we talk of gauge in sheet metal manufacturing, we refer to the standard sheet metal thickness for a specific material. Therefore, if you want to know how thick is sheet metal material, its gauge is what you should look for.
The higher the gauge number, the lesser the thickness of the material. Hence, metals with a large gauge number will be thin and vice versa. In many parts of the world, machinists measure sheet metal gauges in millimeters. However, ferrous metals have a different gauge from nonferrous metals. For instance, copper is a nonferrous metal, and ounces per square foot is its unit for measurement.
Choosing a metal with the right gauge is essential to a successful design. It is what determines whether an object will last or fail after short use. If the sheet metal gauge is incorrect, there may be minor or catastrophic effects on your design.
How to Measure Sheet Metal Thickness
Now that you already know what a sheet metal gauge is, you should learn how to measure sheet metal thickness. You can measure the sheet metals using regular tape or a gauge wheel. With a sheet metal gauge chart (is shown in next part), you can convert the gauge size to mm or inch.
Solution 1: Measuring Sheet Metal Thickness With Tape
There are three simple steps required in this, and they include:
Use the millimeter hash marks on your tape to find the thickness of sheet metal. Remember that there are two different measurements on your tape, namely the cm and mm. Using the former will not provide the accurate measurements you crave.
You can convert the number obtained in mm to inches. Multiply the number in mm by 0.03937. For instance, if you got a 60mm measurement, multiply with the said number, and you'll have 2.3622 inches.
Compare your result in inches with a sheet metal gauge chart. That way, you'll find the appropriate gauge of your metal.
Solution 2: Measuring Sheet Metal Thickness With Wheel
A gauge wheel is a simple tool with no moving part. You can use it to measure both wire and sheet. There are three simple steps involved in this process, including:
To save you some time, here is a video on how to use a gauge:
From the video, you could learn that there are basically 3 steps to measure a sheet metal:
If you measure a nonferrous metal (metals without iron) like copper, gold, or silver, you should check the front of the gauge wheel and confirm it reads "nonferrous metal." On the other hand, if you wish to determine the sheet metal gauge of ferrous metals (iron-containing metals) like cast iron, stainless steel, etc., ensure to choose a gauge wheel that reads "ferrous metal." Use the right gauge wheel to get the correct measurement.
There are gaps of different sizes around the gauge wheel. Each gap has a number written in front, and the principle is to place your piece in each gap until you find a place where it perfectly fits. There's a round cut out below the gaps; those are not the right ones to use. Instead, use the gaps at the top.
Once you find the right gap where your metal perfectly fits in, you should check the number in front. For example, if your metal fits in a gap with 16 written in the front, that shows you have a 16 gauge metal.
Standard Sheet Metal Gauge Chart
The gauge number "16" holds little relevance in the actual measurement of a metal gauge. It still needs to be converted to millimeters or inches. This is the right way to determine the thickness of sheet metals. For a stress-free conversion, you may refer to a gauge conversion chart.
For example, according to a gauge conversion chart, 16 gauge galvanized steel is 0.0635 inches or 1.6129mm.
Why is Choosing Gauge Important for Sheet Metal Fabrication?
It is risky to purchase any available metal without considering its thickness, or gauge. Thus, the following are why choosing gauge is vital for sheet metal fabrication:
- Durability: Whether your design will last or not is mainly dependent on the gauge of the metal used. Some objects require thick metals with exceptional strength, while some don't. Hence, the durability of such a design depends on the gauge of the metal.
- Economic: Not all designs require thick metals. Hence, too dense or too much metal can add to your production and shipping cost, which is not economical.
- Structural problem and deformation: Using too thin metal for specific designs might result in structural issues or deformation of the item.
How to Decide Gauge for Sheet Metal Fabrication
One of the technical things a fabricator should know is the right sheet metal gauge to use. Many fabricators often fail in this regard, and the end-user of such a design usually pays dearly for such a mistake. Therefore, it is crucial to use the correct thickness of sheet metal to optimize efficiency and functionality. Below are how to decide gauge for sheet metal fabrication:
If you have a construction project that requires high rigidity, you'll have to opt for a lower gauge sheet material. Remember, as discussed earlier, the lower the gauge, the thicker the object. On the other hand, if your construction requires different curves and high flexibility, you should go for a higher gauge material.
You may also want to consider lower gauge materials if your design will be exposed to harsh weather, high temperature, and pressure. If it will be kept indoors or safe from those factors mentioned, high gauge materials are a good choice too.
The workflow of a project from beginning to end can be affected by the sheet metal thickness used. A design made of sheet metal materials with the right thickness will be more effective in performing the designated task. On the other hand, a design made with the wrong thickness of sheet metal material will be less effective in performing the job for which it was intended. Therefore, considering efficiency and suitability will help you choose the right sheet metal gauge for fabrication.
Cost is another factor that can help you choose a suitable gauge for sheet metal fabrication. Sheet metals made of thick materials are usually more expensive than their light materials counterpart. However, while also considering cost, you should first consider the purpose the metal is meant to serve. This will guide you to choose a suitable gauge for your specific application.
Need Sheet Metal Fabrication? RapidDirect is Here for You
If you desire to patronize a firm offering cost-effective and on-demand metal fabrication, you shouldn't hesitate to contact RapidDirect. We've been doing this for nearly two decades, and it is why many of our customers often refer our service to others who need such. We genuinely care about your need, which is why we will also provide the appropriate technical suggestions for your projects.
Delay is not one of our attributes. We offer quotes in less than 12 hours; hence, you can rely on us not to waste your time. One fantastic thing about our quotation is that you necessarily don't have to be at our office to get it. All you need is to upload your CAD files on our website and specify requirements. Also, your quotation will be accompanied by free professional DfM analysis on your request.
At RapidDirect, we offer excellent manufacturing processes, including cutting, punching, bending, welding, etc. With us, you'll get top-notch engineering support. Asides from all this, our service is also affordable. If you patronize us, you'll get a 30% lower price on average. With RapidDirect, not only will you get exceptional metalwork, but you'll also enjoy the best price rates.
They are used in automotive industries for building bodies of cars, for making airplanes, and for building construction, etc.
Human judgment is prone to error, and a minor error can be catastrophic for your construction. Using a sheet metal gauge is more comfortable and accurate; therefore, it is a better choice.
No, you can't. Ferrous metals have different thicknesses and different gauge wheels. You'll get inaccurate results if you use a single gauge wheel for both measurements.
You don't just choose any metal you find for your construction without examining whether its thickness is suitable for the purpose or not. Thus, a sheet metal gauge is a simple way to confirm this. It is a simple technique adopted by professionals to choose suitable metal thicknesses for their construction. Using the appropriate metal gauge can save you cost and enhance efficiency.


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(SwStr: t. 419)
Thirty-fifth Parallel, also known as Parallel, was constructed at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1859, and operated out of New Orleans. She was outfitted with protective cotton-baling, and taken into Confederate army service in the Tallahatchie and Mississippi Rivers.
In March 1863 Comdr. I. N. Brown, CSN, took her 70 miles up the Tallahatchie where he transferred to the steamer St. Mary's to make observations. Thirty-fifth Parallel proceeded ahead into Federal territory and, encountering an extremely narrow stream, was disabled, run ashore, and burned to prevent capture by advancing Union forces in Chillicothe and Baron DeKalb.


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Ordering of Branches Important When Visualizing Git Changesets
Fisheye 2.6 introduced the repository commit graph. The commit graph allows you to visualize changesets in their branches by showing them in configurable branch "swimlanes". One of the ways in which you can configure the commit graph is by reordering the swimlanes. Reordering swimlanes is useful for non-Git repositories, if you want to show branches in a certain order. However, ordering swimlanes is vital for Git repositories, as it is the only way of determining which branch a commit is displayed in, when a commit belongs to multiple branches.
Git Branches and Changesets in Fisheye
Before considering how Git repositories are visualized in the commit graph, it is important to understand how Fisheye relates Git changesets to branches.
In Fisheye 2.6 and later, Fisheye considers the ancestry of a Git changeset when determining which branch it is a part of. Branches can effectively be considered as pointers to changesets. Hence, merging and branching can change the branches that a changeset is considered part of.
For example, if a branch 'fisheye-2.6' is merged back to the'master' branch, then all changesets that were seen as part of the 'fisheye-2.6' branch only will also be considered to be part of the'master' (e.g. the changeset will be seen as part of'master' and 'fisheye-2.6' in the activity stream).
Viewing Git Changesets and Branches in the Commit Graph
The previous section describes how a changeset can be associated with multiple branches, due to its ancestry. Instead of showing the changeset in every branch swimlane on the commit graph, Fisheye represents these changesets as described below.
When you view the commit graph for a Git repository, Fisheye works from the leftmost swimlane to the right doing the following:
- For each swimlane, Fisheye checks if the commit is in that branch. If the commit is in the branch, a dot is shown representing the commit.
- If the commit is not in the branch, the dot for the commit is moved to the next column on the right.
For example, if the'master' swimlane is to the left of another swimlane, e.g. 'fisheye-2.6' branch, there will be no changesets shown in the 'fisheye-2.6' swimlane, as all the commits will be picked up in the'master' swimlane. However, if you move the 'fisheye-2.6' swimlane to the left of the'master' swimlane, it will pick up all of the Fisheye 2.6 commits.
This allows you to visually isolate changesets in the desired branches by reordering the swimlanes. For example, if you want to see the lineage of a branch, 'fisheye-2.6', but not 'fisheye-2.5' after both branches have previously been merged to'master', you could arrange your swimlanes to 'fisheye-2.6','master', 'fisheye-2.5' from left to right. You will be able to see the 'fisheye-2.6' changesets and where the merge back to'master' was made. The 'fisheye-2.5' changesets will just be seen as part of the'master' branch.
Screenshots below: Example of how ordering swimlanes affects the branches that changesets are displayed on (click to view full-size images)


Visible to the public CPS Foundations in Computation and Communication
Modern processor architectures sacrifice timing predictability for increased average computational throughput. Branch prediction, multi-level memory hierarchies, out-of-order execution, and data forwarding all make accurate execution time predictions impossible. As accurate timing predictions are required for task scheduling, our goal is the development of a Precision Timed (PRET) processor, along with the inter-process communication methods and operating system services, which remove many of the sources of timing indeterminacy.
Our PRET architecture retains the deep pipelines of existing architectures, but the data hazards resulting from these pipelines are removed by interleaving instructions from multiple threads. This approach has been implemented in a variant of the OpenFire soft processor, itself an open source clone of the MicroBlaze architecture popular in programmable logic devices. Implementation of the architecture indicates that the PRET modifications increase overall throughput by 70% with only a 35% increase in area. This architecture permits up to 16 threads to time share the processor with scheduling possible on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Scheduling is handled within hardware to dynamically react to changing conditions within a single cycle. Being released open source, it is envisioned that once completed the processor and associated tools will be used by the CPS community in a variant of manners.
CPS applications will require a network consisting of multiple computational-sensing nodes scattered throughout an area of interest. We proposed a secure, power efficient, and latency-limited communication scheme for CPS networks. This communication scheme consists of 1) a multipath multicast algorithm that efficiently relays information to a group of CPS nodes and 2) a data acquisition technique that performs in-network processing to reduce large streams of raw data into useful aggregated information. Our proposed algorithm was designed with simplicity, energy efficiency, and reliability in mind. The proposed multipath multicast algorithm combines the best of multicasting, which we have based on multipath MAODV, with the best of distributed source coding (DSC) which incorporates and uses ideas from rateless coding. By adding DSC using rateless codes on top of multi-path MAODV, the transmission load is distributed more evenly among the CPS nodes and the communication is more robust against link losses.
For data aggregation, we have developed a distributed compression technique that has low decoding and encoding computational complexity. The proposed scheme exploits both temporal and spatial correlations between nodes in distributed sensor networks. For spatial correlation, we propose a compressive sensing (CS) technique that uses rateless coding and random walk. The rateless coding generates a random measuring matrix that is independent of routing algorithms and is incoherent with any sparsity matrix with high probability. Equipping the CS-based algorithm with random walk helps collecting sufficient number of sensor readings while combining them together without significantly increasing the inter-communication cost.
In case of events occurring, the values of both spatial and temporal might change and the compression technique needs to adjust its rate to the changes automatically. Our proposed algorithm reactively changes its compression rate to adapt to the variations in the correlations. The number of measurements is adjusted based on the temporal correlations among sensors. When sensor readings are changing slowly, the compression rate is improved by reducing the number of measurements. In case of any event that significantly changes the signal readings, the algorithm generates more measurements to guarantee recovery of signal at the base station. The experimental results done over data gathered by 64 temperature sensors and also Matlab simulation results reveal that our algorithm is flexible to adapt the variations in the sensor readings, while it keeps the compression rate the minimum. The focus of our work other than exploiting the spatial and temporal correlations is to achieve a high compression rate while keeping the decoding computational complexity. In addition to the above findings, we have also investigated the application of our proposed CS scheme in the following fields: Image processing, Smart healthcare (monitoring well-being of post-stroke patients), and Cognitive radio.
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Creative Commons 2.5
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CPS Foundations in Computation and Communication


Sponsored By GenealogyBank
21 December 2012
Perhaps They Did Not Really Know
It is possible that a relative knew nothing about their grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc. Depending upon how closely they lived to where those relatives lived and how emotionally connected their parent was to their own family, a person may have little knowledge of their relatives.
And no matter how often you ask, it won't change that.
It doesn't mean you don't look for clues, but remember that sometimes people really do know nothing about their mother or father's family. This is particularly true if their mother or father had some reason for not wanting them to know.
There may be little clues--so keep looking.
 1. Such is the case with the early deaths of parents -- there is no one to pass on the family history. In some cases, several generations of early deaths in the family line lead to zero knowledge of the family.
 2. I have that situation with my mother's side of the family. There was an adoption in her mother's lines and two early deaths of fathers in her father's line. My parents divorced when I was young, so I wasn't sure of my father's name when I started; nor did I know when and where he was born, the date he died, or his parents' names. It was tough getting started on his lines.
 3. I had the same problem. My mother being 1 of 3 and asking all 3 I kept getting "I don't know" or little snips here and there that you had to piece together to figure out what records to use because all 3 had no interest in researching the family.
 On my father's side, his grandfather, who was born in Ireland died before he was born. His father, my grandfather died when I was a year old so he was my only hope regarding Ireland info. The sad thing was my grandmother, who could be the nastiest "B" all the time "claimed" she didn't know anything thing because she acted like my grandfather never existed. Yet ask her something and she can remember something from when she was 5 and she was 85 at the time.
 Being Irish they would not talk about their homeland but my father thought he heard County Kerry. To date, I'm unable to locate Emigration into Castle Garden, find Nationalization Paper etc. Since Patrick, Mary and Michael are commons names, 2 of their 12 were born there and I thought it would be easier to locate Nicholas. How wrong I was. The hardest I was told finding info on my line is Patrick Day who m Mary O'Dea, since Day comes from O'Dea.
 My question is do you think their accent was heavy and hard to understand and I'm looking for the wrong surname? I only just started looking for DEA and DEE.


"It's me" vs "It is I"
by Mark Israel (freely adapted from an article by Roger Lustig)
 [This is a fast-access FAQ excerpt.]
 Fowler says: "me is technically wrong in It wasn't me etc.;
but the phrase being of its very nature colloquial, such a lapse is
of no importance".
 The rule for what he and others consider technically right is
*not* (as is commonly misstated) that the nominative should *always*
be used after "to be". Rather, it is that "to be" should link two
noun phrases of the same case, whether this be nominative or
 I believe that he is I. Who do you believe that he is?
 I believe him to be me. Whom do you believe him to be?
According to the traditional grammar being used here, "to be" is not
a transitive verb, but a *copulative* verb. When you say that A is
B, you don't imply that A, by being B, is doing something to B.
(After all, B is also doing it to A.) Other verbs considered
copulative are "to become", "to remain", "to seem", and "to look".
 Sometimes in English, though, "to be" does seem to have the
force of a transitive verb; e.g., in Gelett Burgess's:
 I never saw a Purple Cow,
 I never hope to see one;
 But I can tell you, anyhow,
 I'd rather see than be one.
The occurrence of "It's me", etc., is no doubt partly due to this
perceived transitive force. In the French C'est moi, often cited
as analogous, moi is not in the accusative, but a special form
known as the "disjunctive", used for emphasis. If etre were a
transitive verb in French, C'est moi would be Ce m'est.
 In languages such as German and Latin that inflect between the
nominative and the accusative, B in "A is B" is nominative just like
A. In English, no nouns and only a few personal pronouns ("I",
"we", "thou", "he", "she", "they" and "who") inflect between the
nominative and the accusative. In other words, we've gotten out of
the habit, for the most part.
 Also, in English we derive meaning from word position, far more
than one would in Latin, somewhat more than in German, even. In
those languages, one can rearrange sentences drastically for
rhetorical or other purposes without confusion (heh) because
inflections (endings, etc.) tell you how the words relate to one
another. In English, "The dog ate the cat" and "The cat ate the
dog" are utterly different in meaning, and if we wish to have the
former meaning with "cat" prior to "dog" in the sentence, we have to
say "The cat was eaten by the dog" (change of voice) or "It is the
cat that the dog ate." In German, one can reverse the meaning by
inflecting the word (or its article): Der Hund frass die Katze
and Den Hund frass die Katze reverse the meaning of who ate whom.
In Latin, things are even more flexible: almost any word order will
 Feles edit canem
 Feles canem edit
 Canem edit feles
 Canem feles edit
 Edit canem feles
 Edit feles canem
all mean the same, the choice of word order being made perhaps for
rhetorical or poetic purpose.
 English is pretty much the opposite of that: hardly any
inflection, great emphasis on order. As a result, things have
gotten a little irregular with the personal pronouns. And there's
uncertainty as to how to use them; the usual rules aren't there,
because the usual word needs no rules, being the same for nominative
and accusative.
 The final factor is the traditional use of Latin grammatical
concepts to teach English grammar. This historical quirk dates to
the 17th century, and has never quite left us. From this we get the
Latin-derived rule, which Fowler still acknowledges. And we *do*
follow that rule to some extent: "Who are they?" (not "Who are
them?" or "Whom are they?") "We are they!" (in response to the
preceding) "It is I who am at fault." "That's the man who
he is."
 But not always. "It is me" is attested since the 16th Century.
(Speakers who would substitute "me" for "I" in the "It is I who am
at fault" example would also sacrifice the agreement of person, and
substitute "is" for "am".)