Coffee spikes your Cholesterol: the Cafestol and Kahweol effect
The bad news of a high cholesterol reading was a bit of a shock for me.
308 reading
I knew my diet had slipped (too much red meat, too much cheese: I love cheese). Equally, I knew that to reduce cholesterol "all you had to do" was cut down on red meat and saturated fat.
I'd been doing blood work for some of my clients and was able to use my home blood test machine to check my level.
I was horrified.
3 weeks after a major diet shift my cholesterol remained stupidly high. I looked over the guidelines again, and focused on the fibre content, so I bought fibre ( oat and wheat) and added that. Rather than my horror 311 readings I was getting 270's 280's.
Still, 80 points over my threshold.
I then started daily tests and compared the results with my food diary. I saw days where I had nothing but some fruit and a few cups of coffee with stupid cholesterol levels.
Equally, I noticed a no coffee day, producing a low reading.
I started researching coffee. A lot.
What I rediscovered was this.
By the turn of the 20th century, medical, and food researchers knew one thing for sure.
Unfiltered coffee is a cholesterol bomb. There were so many studies all saying the same thing, and much of the research can be seen in this report
"Cafestol and Kahweol. Review of Toxicological Literature 1999".
Source here
Drink unfiltered coffee and it sends your Cholesterol rocketing due to two chemicals in coffee called Cafestol and Kahweol.
The numerous tests and reports quoted in the review of Toxicological Literature nailed this fact to the mast (see appendix 1)
So why doesn't every coffee shop in the UK have a massive warning plastered all over it? Everybody hears how bad red meat and saturated fat is for cholesterol, so when you see your doctor after a high cholesterol test, why don't they ask about your coffee consumption?
Well, everybody loves coffee. So there is an understandable bias in its favour.
Crucially in the 1990's when this was discovered, most people drank filtered coffee "the cholesterol-raising effect seems to be limited to coffee that hasn't been filtered, which includes Turkish coffee, coffee brewed in a French press, and the boiled coffee consumed in Scandinavia" . (Harvard health in 2012 ) in fact "The cholesterol-raising ingredients in coffee are oily substances called diterpenes, and the two main types in coffee are cafestol (pronounced CAF-es-tol) and kahweol (pronounced KAH-we-awl).
This was fine back in the last 20th century. We mainly drank filtered coffee then.
I'm 58, I know.
But Guess what? Since the start of the 21st century unfiltered coffee consumption has rocketed. While some coffee shops have an unfiltered coffee option, most push and market unfiltered coffee
I don't know how many coffee shops there were in 1999, but since 2008 the amount of coffee shops in the UK have grown from 10,000 to 25,000 in 2019. Most coffee shops offer unfiltered coffee.
Thats a lot of cholesterol raising!
So, I should make it clear, I love coffee. The only effect this rediscovery has had on me is to switch to filtered coffee. I've even cut filter paper into small circles to put into espresso machines. Some coffee shop don't mind doing this.
The real horror is this.
If I had gone back to my doctor, they would have pushed me to go on statins. They would not have even mentioned coffee. Im guessing that anyone who has 2 cups of unfiltered coffee a day, and is on statins, should drink filtered coffee and get retested ( having chatted to their doctor first, ofcourse)
In balance I should say that coffee and caffeine have health effects. I think, almost all of which can be obtained through the filtered variety.
188 reading
with filtered coffee my readings returned to "normal"
Appendix 1
In an open randomized study, healthy male and female volunteers who drank coffee containing 148 mg cafestol and kahweol daily for 30 days exhibited a considerable rise in total cholesterol (average mean, 31.6%), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (50.2%), and triglyceride concentrations (87%) versus the control group (Heckers et al., 1994).
In three volunteers, consumption of highly purified cafestol (73 mg/day; 0.23 mmol/day) and kahweol (58 mg/day; 0.19 mmol/day) as the corresponding monoand dipalmitates for 6 weeks increased the serum levels of cholesterol by 66 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) and triglycerides by 162 mg/dL (1.83 mmol/L) (Weusten-Van der Wouw et al., 1994).
In a randomized, crossover trial using healthy, normolipemic volunteers, six subjects received 2 g Arabica oil containing 72 mg (0.23 mmol) cafestol per day and 53 mg (0.17 mmol) kahweol per day, and five subjects received 2 g Robusta oil providing 40 mg (0.13 mmol) cafestol per day and 2 mg (0.006 mmol) kahweol per day (Mensink et al., 1995). Compared to a control group given placebo oil, serum triglyceride levels increased 71% in the group receiving Arabica oil and 61% in the group given Robusta oil. Serum cholesterol concentrations were increased by 13% for both oils.
Cafestol and Kahweol. Review of Toxicological Literature 1999 accessed online (Sept/Oct 2019)
Heckers, H., U. Göbel, and U. Kleppel. 1994. End of the coffee mystery: Diterpene alcohols raise serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. J. Intern. Med. 235(2):192-193.
Weusten-Van der Wouw, M.P.M.E., M.B. Katan, R. Viani, A.C. Huggett, R. Liardon, P.G. Lund-Larsen, D.S. Thelle, I. Ahola, A. Aro, S. Meyboom, and A.C. Beynen. 1994. Identity of the cholesterol-raising factor from boiled coffee and its effects on liver function enzymes. J. Lipid Res. 35:721-733.


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Dazdee | Article about dazdee by The Free Dictionary
DASD (redirected from dazdee)
Also found in: Wikipedia
DASD(Direct Access Storage Device) Pronounced "daz-dee." A peripheral storage device that is directly addressable. Although DASDs used to refer to magnetic disks and drums, today, DASD means magnetic disk. The term is used mostly in the mainframe world. See magnetic disk and disk drive.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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500 Request Item Limit when generating requests from JSON Payload
We have found that there is a 500 request item limit when generating requests from JSON payload. We have developed a process to loop through the request items and generate multiple payloads when there are 500+ items. This however does create a few pain points that we have found (below).
- Large dimension import processes are not uncommon, sometimes requiring the generation of 20+ payloads. From a technical perspective this is not an issue, however it does create pain points for application admins when attempting to troubleshoot import issues. Each payload generates its own request file, so when attempting to troubleshoot an issue you need to weed through many request files to see the source data that the import process is loading.


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The Human Alphabet
- Prepare for the game by making two decks of alphabet cards. Use
index cards or squares of paper and write out the letters of the
alphabet, one letter on each card. Make a few extra vowels.
- Each team receives a deck of alphabet cards which they spread out,
letters facing up, on a table or on the floor.
- Call out a word.
- Each team must spell out the word using the cards. Each team lines
up so that the word is spelled correctly and can be read from left to
- The first team to correctly spell the word and display it in the correct
order wins a point.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In preparation for the Floridian bicentennial of the Constitution in October, 2012, FIU Law Professor M.C. Mirow has published Florida's First Constitution: The Constitution of Cádiz (Carolina Academic Press, 2012). Along with an introductory essay describing the importance of the Constitution in Florida and the Spanish Empire, Mirow provides a fresh and authoritative translation of the text into English along with original version in Spanish.
Over thirty years before Florida became a state of the United States, the Spanish provinces of East and West Florida were subject to a remarkable document known as the Constitution of Cádiz, or the Spanish Constitution of 1812 which celebrates its bicentennial this year. This Constitution ruled cities such as St. Augustine, Pensacola, and Fernandina (now Fernandina Beach) from 1812 to 1815 and from 1820 until 1821 when Florida was turned over to the United States under the Adams-Onís Treaty. The Constitution provided for a limited monarchy in the Spanish crown and Roman Catholicism as the state religion. It also created a large system of representative government at the local levels and for electing deputies to the Spanish legislature, even from the Americas. It provided for the division of governmental power into three branches, ensured the freedom of the press, and protected civil liberty, property, and other rights. A truly transatlantic constitution, this document describes the Spanish Nation as composed of Spaniards of both hemispheres.
M.C. Mirow has been working on various aspects of the Constitution of Cádiz for years and was awarded a Fulbright as a Visiting Professor to Valparaíso, Chile, in 2009 where he undertook some of the work on this project. He has lectured or is scheduled to lecture on the Constitution of Cádiz in Argentina, Belgium, Chile, Germany, Peru, and Spain. In August, Mirow will publish a detailed law review article dealing with the history of Constitution of Cádiz in Florida, its promulgation, and the surviving monument to the Constitution in St. Augustine as The Constitution of Cádiz in Florida, forthcoming in volume 24 of the Florida Journal of International Law.


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archer paints a target around the arrow so that the arrow sticks squarely in the bull's-eye. Let us suppose further that the precise place where the arrow lands in this scenario is identical with where it landed in the first two scenarios. Since any place where the arrow might land is highly improbable, in this as in the other scenarios highly complex information has been actualized. What's more, since the information corresponds to a pattern, we can even say that in this third scenario highly complex patterned information has been actualized. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to say that highly complex specified information has been actualized. Of the three scenarios, only the information in the second scenario is specified. In that scenario, by first painting the target and then shooting the arrow, the pattern is given independently of the information. On the other hand, in this, the third scenario, by first shooting the arrow and then painting the target around it, the pattern is merely read off the information.
Specified information is always patterned information, but patterned information is not always specified information. For specified information not just any pattern will do. We therefore distinguish between the "good" patterns and the "bad" patterns. The "good" patterns will henceforth be called specifications. Specifications are the independently given patterns that are not simply read off information. By contrast, the "bad" patterns will be called fabrications. Fabrications are the post hoc patterns that are simply read off already existing information.
Unlike specifications, fabrications are wholly unenlightening. We are no better off with a fabrication than without one. This is clear from comparing the first and third scenarios. Whether an arrow lands on a blank wall and the wall stays blank (as in the first scenario), or an arrow lands on a blank wall and a target is then painted around the arrow (as in the third scenario), any conclusions we draw about the arrow's flight remain the same. In either case chance is as good an explanation as any for the arrow's flight. The fact that the target in the third scenario constitutes a pattern makes no difference since the pattern is constructed entirely in response to where the arrow lands. Only when the pattern is given independently of the arrow's flight does a hypothesis other than chance come into play. Thus only in the second scenario does it make sense to ask whether we are dealing with a skilled archer. Only in the second scenario does the pattern constitute a specification. In the third scenario the pattern constitutes a mere fabrication.
The distinction between specified and unspecified information may now be defined as follows: the actualization of a possibility (i.e., information) is specified if independently of the possibility's actualization, the possibility is identifiable by means of a pattern. If not, then the information is unspecified. Note that this definition implies an asymmetry between specified and unspecified information: specified information cannot become unspecified information, though unspecified information may become specified information. Unspecified information need not remain unspecified, but can become specified as our background knowledge increases. For instance, a cryptographic transmission whose cryptosystem we have yet to break will constitute unspecified information. Yet as soon as we break the cryptosystem, the cryptographic transmission becomes specified information.
What is it for a possibility to be identifiable by means of an independently given pattern? A full exposition of specification requires a detailed answer to this question. Unfortunately, such an exposition is beyond the scope of this paper. The key conceptual difficulty here is to characterize the independence condition between patterns and information. This independence condition breaks into two subsidiary conditions: (1) a condition to stochastic conditional independence between the information in question and certain relevant background knowledge; and (2) a tractability condition whereby the pattern in question can be constructed from the aforementioned background knowledge. Although these conditions make good intuitive sense, they are not easily formalized. For the details refer to my monograph The Design Inference.
If formalizing what it means for a pattern to be given independently of a possibility is difficult, determining in practice whether a pattern is given independently of a possibility is much easier. If the pattern is given prior to the possibility being actualized–as in the second scenario above where the target was painted before the arrow was shot–then the pattern is automatically independent of the possibility, and we are dealing with specified information. Patterns given prior to the actualization of a possibility are just the rejection regions of statistics. There is a well-established statistical theory that describes such patterns and their use in probabilistic reasoning. These are clearly specifications since having been given prior to the actualization of some possibility, they have already been identified, and thus are identifiable independently of the possibility being actualized (cf. Hacking, 1965).
Many of the interesting cases of specified information, however, are those in which the pattern is given after a possibility has been actualized. This is certainly the case with the origin of life: life originates first and only afterwards do pattern-forming rational agents (like ourselves) enter the scene. It remains the case, however, that a pattern corresponding to a possibility, though formulated after the possibility has been actualized, can constitute a specification. Certainly this was not the case in the third scenario above where the target was painted around the arrow only after it hit the wall. But consider the following example. Alice and Bob are celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary. Their six children all show up bearing gifts. Each gift is part of a matching set of china. There is no duplication of gifts, and together the gifts constitute a complete set of china. Suppose Alice and Bob were satisfied with their old set of china, and had no inkling prior to opening their gifts that they might expect a new set of china. Alice and Bob are therefore without a relevant pattern whither to refer their gifts prior to actually receiving the gifts from their children. Nevertheless, the pattern they explicitly formulate only after receiving the gifts could be formed independently of receiving the gifts–indeed, we all know about matching sets of china and how to distinguish them from unmatched sets. This pattern therefore constitutes a specification. What's more, there is an obvious inference connected with this specification: Alice and Bob's children were in collusion, and did not present their gifts as random acts of kindness.
But what about the origin of life? Is life specified? If so, to what patterns does life correspond, and how are these patterns given independently of life's origin? Obviously, pattern-forming rational agents like ourselves don't enter the scene till after life originates. Nonetheless, there are functional patterns to which life corresponds, and which are given independently of the actual living systems. An organism is a functional system comprising many functional subsystems. The functionality of organisms can be cashed out in any number of ways. Arno Wouters (1995) cashes it out globally in terms of viability of whole organisms. Michael Behe (1996) cashes it out in terms of the irreducible complexity and minimal function of biochemical systems. Even the staunch Darwinist Richard Dawkins will admit that life is specified functionally, cashing out the functionality of organisms in terms of reproduction of genes. Thus Dawkins (1987, p. 9) will write: "Complicated things have some quality, specifiable in advance, that is highly unlikely to have been acquired by random chance alone. In the case of living things, the quality that is specified in advance is... the ability to propagate genes in reproduction."
Information can be specified. Information can be complex. Information can be both complex and specified. Information that is both complex and specified I call "complex specified information," or CSI for short. CSI is what all the fuss over information has been about in recent years, not just in biology, but in science generally. It is CSI that for Manfred Eigen constitutes the great mystery of biology, and one he hopes eventually to unravel in terms of algorithms and natural laws. It is CSI that for cosmologists underlies the fine-tuning of the universe, and which the various anthropic principles attempt to understand (cf. Barrow and Tipler, 1986). It is CSI that David Bohm's quantum potentials are extracting when they scour the microworld for what Bohm calls "active information" (cf. Bohm, 1993, pp. 35-38). It is CSI that enables Maxwell's demon to outsmart a thermodynamic system tending towards thermal equilibrium (cf. Landauer, 1991, p. 26). It is CSI on which David Chalmers hopes to base a comprehensive theory of human consciousness (cf. Chalmers, 1996, ch. 8). It is CSI that within the Kolmogorov-Chaitin theory of algorithmic information takes the form of highly compressible, non-random strings of digits (cf. Kolmogorov, 1965; Chaitin, 1966).
Nor is CSI confined to science. CSI is indispensable in our everyday lives. The 16-digit number on your VISA card is an example of CSI. The complexity of this number ensures that a would-be thief cannot randomly pick a number and have it turn out to be a valid VISA card number. What's more, the specification of this number ensures that it is your number, and not anyone else's. Even your phone number constitutes CSI. As with the VISA card number, the complexity ensures that this number won't be dialed randomly (at least not too often), and the specification ensures that this number is yours and yours only. All the numbers on our bills, credit slips, and purchase orders represent CSI. CSI makes the world go round. It follows that CSI is a rife field for criminality. CSI is what motivated the greedy Michael Douglas character in the movie Wall Street to lie, cheat, and steal. CSI's total and absolute control was the objective


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Main / Strategy / Inductors and transformers for power electronics
Inductors and transformers for power electronics
Name: Inductors and transformers for power electronics
File size: 3mb
in power electronics. It can also be used for didactical purposes. Magnetic components such as inductors and transformers constitute together with the. Inductors and Transformers for Power Electronics takes the guesswork out of the design and testing of these systems and provides a broad overview of all. In power electronics there are two basic classes of materials used for magnetic cores for transformers and inductors: • The first class of materials are alloys of.
8 Mar Based on the fundamentals of electromagnetics, this clear and concise text explains basic and applied principles of transformer and inductor. Inductors and transformers for power electronics. Authors: Alex Van den Bossche, Ghent University, Belgium. Vencislav Valchev, Technical University of Varna. About this course: This course covers the analysis and design of magnetic components, including inductors and transformers, used in power electronic.
Although they are some of the main components in the design of power electronic converters, the design of inductors and transformers is often still a. The course provides a deep understanding of combined magnetic, electric, and thermal design of inductors and transformers for power electronic applications. Transformer AC resistance model: Matrix including mutual.. Van den Bossche, Inductors and Transformers for Power Electronics,, CRC press, ISBN-. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Chapter Objective: Design inductor having a given inductance L, to for high-voltage transformer (multiple kV). Due to the increased technical requirements of the Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) in applications such as palm top computers, LCD monitors, Laptop.
TRANSFORMERS AND. INDUCTORS FOR POWER. ELECTRONICS. THEORY, DESIGN AND. APPLICATIONS.)WILEY. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication. Shop transformers for all applications, including audio, power, pulse, RF and telecom. Find a huge variety of leaded inductors and thousands of surface mount. Transformers and Inductors for Power Electronics: Theory, Design and. Applications (Hardback). Filesize: MB. Reviews. These kinds of pdf is every thing. To start, we will assume the core is to be used for a high frequency transformer or an inductor. (A transformer or inductor, is only polarized with ac, while a choke.


Home Altar – Mandir
Home Altar – Mandir
A mandir enlightens the house and the minds of those living in the house so no house is complete without a domestic mandir or temple.
The Hindu Mandir houses the idols of various Hindu gods and goddesses, called murtis, before which the family prays daily. When a family moves into a new home, the first thing they do—before moving in the furniture— places a murti. This murti is often of Lord Ganesh because he is considered the god of beginnings and also the god who removes obstacles.
Murtis are made of metal (often bronze) or even clay. Along with murtis, mandirs often include pictures of gods and goddesses, called tasvir in Hindi, either plastered to adjoining walls or framed and kept on stands. These murtis and tasvirs of gods and goddesses are placed on a red or orange cloth because these colors are considered auspicious in Hinduism.
Mandir should be housed in a small pyramid-shaped structure called a mandap, which can be made of many materials but is most commonly wood or metal. The mandap's pyramid-shaped roof with a pointed top is important, as it is believed to attract magnetic energy. Hindu temples have a similar pyramid shape, and the primary deity of the temple is placed under this roof. The magnetic energy attracted by the roof's shape is believed to infuse the murti with energy.
Hindus traditionally sit to pray, a mandir is always set up on the floor or on a low shelf. In front of the mandir is placed a mat called an aasan in Hindi, on which the devotee should sit. The aasan is believed to help devotees concentrate on god and also keeps their clothes clean while sitting on the floor.
Every Hindu mandir includes a central lamp called a Deepak that is lit morning and evening or sometimes left constantly lit. Hindus light the Deepak in the mandir in the morning as soon as they shower, and then again in the evening between six and seven. The morning Deepak symbolizes the morning light that has dispelled the night's darkness. It is also lit to banish ignorance and darkness of the mind with light. In the evening, the Deepak is lit once again to light up the house, which will soon be consumed by darkness.
Placing the Mandir in Home
The placement of the mandir in the house is also very important. Hindus should dedicate a separate puja (worship) room to the gods, where the mandir is placed and the family worships either individually or as a group. However, adjustments can be made when such a room is not available.
The mandir should always be placed in the purest, or shudh, room. Hindus generally believe that sexual activity and menstruating women are impure. For this reason, Hindus never place the mandir in the master bedroom, where a couple is sexually active. In the absence of a separate puja room, the next best place to keep the mandir is the kitchen.
The direction of Mandir in Home
The direction that the mandir faces is equally important. A mandir traditionally faces east, where the sun god comes out. However, some of my Hindu informants said that the murtis in the mandir should face west, so that the devotee faces east while worshiping them. South is the kingdom of Yama, the god of death, so by facing the mandir southward, one is welcoming death, illness, and disease into the house so mandir should never face south.
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Simmi Kamboj


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Moravians first brought the organ into North Carolina for use in worship services. Joseph Ferdinand Bulitschek, a Salem cabinetmaker and millwright, built two early organs for Moravian congregations in the Wachovia settlement. Bulitschek's organ for Bethania, built in 1773, was in use until destroyed by fire in 1942. Other eighteenth-century organ builders included Jacob Loesch of Bethania and a Mr. Stirewalt of Rowan County.
Two of ten surviving organs by the renowned Moravian organ builder David Tannenberg of Pennsylvania are housed at Old Salem. The first was installed in 1798. New York's Henry Erben, touted as America's premier organ builder of the nineteenth century, built five organs in North Carolina by the mid-1840s. Christ Episcopal Church in Elizabeth City purchased one of Erben's organs in 1845.
Theater organs, pipe organs with tremulant and percussion sounds made by wooden pipes, were manufactured in the early twentieth century for use in accompanying silent movies. Robert Morton built theater organs for Lumberton's Carolina Civic Center and Greensboro's Carolina Theater. A Barton organ from Milwaukee's Upton Theatre is in a private Raleigh residence. The enormous Moller organ in Charlotte's Calvary Church, which includes theater organ pipes, is the thirteenth-largest organ in the world.
Duke University Chapel boasts three organs. The Aeolian, built in 1932, was the last organ the Aeolian Organ Company built before merging with the E. M. Skinner Organ Company. Recently renovated, its pipes number around 6,900. In 1976, the organ now installed over the chapel entrance was completed in the shop of the famous D. A. Flentrop in Zaandam, Holland. The tones of its 5,033 pipes reflect Dutch and French organs of the early eighteenth century, considered the "golden age of organs." In 1997 John Brombaugh and Associates of Eugene, Ore., installed an organ with 960 pipes in a swallows nest gallery on the middle north wall of Duke Chapel for use during weekly worship services. Since then, the Flentrop is used primarily for processionals and recessionals at larger worship services, university events, and recitals. A Flentrop organ also was installed at Reynolda Presbyterian Church in Winston-Salem in 1961.
Two pipe organ builders, the Knowlton Pipe Organ Company in Davidson and Cornel Zimmer in Denver, currently work in North Carolina. Zimmer also manufactures digital organs. Allen Organ Company, based in Macungie, Pa., made electronic and digital organs in Rocky Mount for some 30 years until closing the plant in March 1999.
Orpha Ochse, The History of the Organ in the United States (1975).
Wachovia Historical Society. "David Tannenberg's Wachovia Organs." Wachovia Historical Society. _URL_ (accessed August 27, 2012).
Reid, Gordon. "PROG SPAWN! The Rise And Fall Of Rocky Mount Instruments" Sound on Sound. December 2001. _URL_ (accessed August 27, 2012).
Markowitz, Jerome. Triumphs & Trials of an Organ Builder. Macungie, PA : Vox Humana Press, 1989.
Emerick, Tom. "Rocky Mount Instruments (RMI)." Synthmuseum.com. _URL_
"Allen Organ Co. Announces Decision To Build New Plant in Rocky Mount." The Evening Telegram [Rocky Mount, N.C.]. December 13, 1965.
Tannenberg organ in Home Church in Old Salem, 1890s. Courtesy of Old Salem, Inc.
1 January 2006 | Johnson, K. Todd


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OpenCV HOG Detector: Result Clustering
The final step of the HOG detection process is to cluster the search results.
Here is the result of running the OpenCV HOG detector on a frame with and without result clustering. I've colored the results blue or red based on whether they represent a true positive or a false positive, respectively.
The above searches were performed with a scaling factor of 1.05 (increase the detection window size by 1.05 for each search scale). For the clustering, I used a minimum cluster size of 3 and used the default window overlap method for clustering.
Result clustering has two purposes. The first is to deal with multiple detections of the same person at different scales or at slightly shifted detection windows. Ideally we'd like to have just one detection per person.
The second purpose of result clustering is to reduce false positives. If we perform a dense search of the image, we expect to detect each person multiple times at different scales and possibly with slightly shifted detection windows. If a window is only recognized once, it's more likely to be a false positive that we want to reject.
In the above images, note the false positives towards the bottom right and top left of the image which are effectively eliminated by clustering.
There are also a large number of "body part" recognitions towards the center of the image which end up folded into the true positive recognitions because of the clustering step.
The OpenCV HOG detector supports two different methods of result clustering. The default mode isn't given a name in the OpenCV documentation that I can find, so I'll just call it the "Window Overlap" method. The second mode is called "Mean Shift Grouping".
If you look in objdetect.hpp in the OpenCV source, you'll see that the final argument to HOGDescriptor::detectMultiScale is a parameter 'bool useMeanshiftGrouping = false'. So the HOG detector uses the Window Overlap method by default.
The Window Overlap method simply uses the rule that if two detection windows overlap sufficiently, then they belong to the same cluster. The Mean Shift Grouping method takes a more complex approach which incorporates the detection confidences from the SVM classifier.
I haven't had much luck finding documentation or articles describing how the two clustering methods are implemented in detail, so I've had to resort to inspecting the code to gain some understanding. I'll be referencing the OpenCV source files in my explanations below.
For now, this post just covers the window overlap method, but I hope to dig into the mean shift approach as well.
Window Overlap Method
The following OpenCV files and functions are relevant to the result clustering task.
|**Function / Class**||**Definition**||**Declaration**|
The last step of 'detectMultiScale' is to pass all of the detected windows to the 'groupRectangles' function to perform the clustering.
The last parameter to groupRectangles is epsilon 'eps', which controls how much overlap is required. The default value of 'eps' is set to 0.2 in its declaration (in objdetect.hpp). The OpenCV HOG detector does not modify this 'eps' value.
The 'groupRectangles' function essentially calls down to the 'partition' function to do the clustering. The 'SimilarRects' class defines the metric for determining whether two rectangles belong to the same cluster.
To determine if two rectangular detection windows belong in the same cluster, first a value 'delta' is computed using the following equation, (where epsilon is 0.2):
The rectangles correspond to a single detection if each of these four labeled distances is less than or equal to delta:
Note that if epsilon is smaller, then delta is smaller, and we are requiring more overlap in order to place both rectangles in the same cluster.
In the above illustration, the rectangles are 1 in. x 2in., and are offset by 0.25in. This gives a delta of 0.3in., so these two rectangles are close to the limit of what is considered a match (using the default epsilon).
Note that if the two rectangles are very different sizes, they may not be put in the same cluster, even if they overlap entirely. This situation is handled later in the 'groupRectangles' function.
After calling partition to cluster the rectangles, the 'groupRectangles' function goes through the results and rejects any clusters with <= 'groupThreshold' results. It also computes the average position and dimensions of the rectangle to use as the final results.
Finally, it looks for small rectangles that are encompassed by larger ones and removes the smaller rectangles from the results. Consider the below two rectangles:
To test if rectangle 1 should be removed because it's encompassed by rectangle 2, the 'groupRectangles' function uses the following logic.
First, it defines two deltas:
Then, it filters out rectangle 2 if all of the following hold:
The fifth condition ensures that we don't remove rectangle 1 if it has more cluster members than rectangle 2, or if rectangle 2 has only 3 or fewer cluster members. The number of members in each cluster is a measure of our confidence in the result, so we don't want to filter out a high-confidence result just because it's encompassed by a larger rectangle. Going back to the two images at the top of the post, the woman's leg is preserved as a result (even though it's encompassed by another rectangle) because of the high number of results in that cluster.


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Having Acupuncture during IVF
Acupuncture and IVF
IVF doctors commonly recommend acupuncture to increase the chances of an IVF cycle succeeding, and recent studies have demonstrated a higher percentage of successful pregnancies when acupuncture is used in conjunction with any ART procedure.
During the course of your IVF cycle we use acupuncture to assist the IVF process. This involves:
- Promoting follicle development in the early part of the cycle
- Promoting follicle maturation for egg collection towards the middle of the cycle
- Helping the ovaries recover from egg collection
- Preparing the uterus for embryo transfer
- Supporting the uterus after implantation
We also assist with stress, anxiety and fatigue caused by the interruption to your usual lifestyle and the emotional and physical demands of the IVF process.
Recent clinical studies show that combining acupuncture with IVF can:
- Optimize your chances of implantation and full term births.
- Reduce stress levels and help you relax before and during IVF.
- Reduce the symptoms associated with Assisted Cycle treatments
Our acupuncture and IVF treatment plans range from:
- IVF pre-conception - a course of treatments up to and through IVF transfer
- Treatments on the day of embryo treatment itself
- Treatments continuing after embryo transfer to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Our experience has shown that the right physical, nutritional, and emotional support before and during the treatment can help to remove the stresses and strains and enhance your overall well-being. We will help keep you positive and in the right mind-set. When you come in for your initial consultation we will establish what course of acupuncture is best for you and your situation during your IVF treatment.
Call now for your appointment
_PHONE_ 315


10 Interesting Mao Zedong Facts
Thursday, July 3rd 2014. | People
Mao Zedong Facts give the facts about the history of China. He was one of the famous Chinese leaders. People often call him as Chairman Mao. He was famous the founding father of the Republic of China. Look at the detail facts about Mao Zedong by reading the following post below:
Mao Zedong Facts 1: life span
Let's talk about the life span of Mao Zedong. He was born on 26 December 1893. He passed away on 9 September 1976.
Mao Zedong Facts 2: fame
Mao Zedong was famous as the founding father of Republic of China. He was a Chinese Communist revolutionary. The Communist party of China was founded by Mao Zedong in 1949. He became the chairman since its first establishment until he passed away in 1976. Check more facts on China here.
Mao Zedong China
Mao Zedong China
Mao Zedong Facts 3: early life
Mao Zedong was the son of a rich farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan. In the beginning of his life, his way of thinking was affected by a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist. The events of May Fourth Movement in 1919 and 1911 affected his way of thinking a lot.
Mao Zedong Facts 4: Maoism
Maoism is the collection on Mao Zedong thought. When you learn about Maoism, you can find out Mao Zedong's Marxist Leninist political policies, military strategies and theories.
Mao Zedong Facts
Mao Zedong Facts
Mao Zedong Facts 5: Marxism-Leninism
The idea of Chinese nationalist and anti imperialist vanished when he converted his way of thinking into Marxism-Leninism. He changed the idea when he was at Peking University. In 1927, he became the leader in Autumn Harvest Uprising. He was the founding member of CPC or Communist Party of China.
Mao Zedong Facts 6: Red Army
When he was in CPC, he helped the establishment of Red Army to fight against Kuomintang/ KMT. The civil war occurred between CPC and KTM.
Mao Zedong Image
Mao Zedong Image
Mao Zedong Facts 7: ally
Even though CPC and KTM had a fight in the civil war, both temporarily allied in 1937 to 1945 because of the Second Sino Japanese war. After the war was over, Mao defeated KTM which went to Taiwan in 1949.
Mao Zedong Facts 8: People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China was proclaimed by Mao Zedong on 1 October 1949. CPC was the only party which controlled the state.
Mao Zedong Pic
Mao Zedong Pic
Mao Zedong Facts 9: Great Leap Forward
Great Leap Forward was a campaign that Mao Zedong had in 1957. The main point of this campaign was to transform the agrarian economy of Chinese people into the industrial ones.
Mao Zedong Facts 10: Richard Nixon
The American president Richard Nixon was greeted by Mao Zedong in 1972. He was in Beijing for a visit.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Even though Mao Zedong is still considered as a controversial leader, there were some accomplishments that he had made such as increasing the Chinese life expectancy, modernizing China, giving modern housing and providing health care. Do you have any opinion on facts about Mao Zedong?
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Soil carbon (C) saturation behavior predicts that soil C storage efficiency observed under field conditions decreases as a soil approaches C saturation. This may be due to a decline in soil organic matter (SOM) stability as the result of changes in the type, strength or turnover time of organo-mineral interactions with increasing organic C input.
The goal of this study was to test whether the stability of organic matter bound to soil minerals decreases as organo-mineral complexes approach C saturation with increasing C loading. A series of batch sorption experiments with natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and soil mineral components was conducted to obtain organo-mineral complexes with a range of organic C loadings. The relative stability of C in these organo-mineral complexes was subsequently assessed using evolved CO2 gas analysis during thermal analyses and laboratory incubations.
Results indicated that differences in dissolved organic C before and after sorption overestimated the amount of sorbed C when compared to differences in solid-phase C concentrations. Values of C/N, δ13C, and δ15N of the organo-mineral complexes were significantly smaller or more negative than initial soil samples or the stock DOM solution, consistent with the concept of molecular fractionation by sorption to minerals and suggesting that the composition of the organic matter in the organo-mineral complexes may have changed as the amount of sorbed organic matter increased. Observations that organic C loadings at maximum sorption did not substantially exceed 1 mg C m−2 and linear rather than asymptotic relations between sorbed C and initial DOM concentrations suggest that organo-mineral complexes may not have reached C saturation under the conditions in the batch sorption experiments of this study. The temperature at which half of the CO2 evolved during thermal analysis (i.e., CO2-T50) increased with increasing C loading, suggesting the sorbed C required greater energy input for combustion. Results of the laboratory incubations to determine relative biological stability of sorbed C were not consistent with the initial hypothesis. The size of potentially mineralizable C pool relative to the total sorbed C decreased with increasing C loading, even though this pool was being degraded more rapidly. Overall, the results did not support the hypothesis that SOM stability decreases with increasing C loading.
In spite of generating a wide range of C loadings substantially greater than previous studies, the conditions of the DOM sorption experiments conducted in this study appeared unable to generate organo-mineral complexes exhibiting C saturation behavior. We speculate that measurable decreases in SOM stability may occur only once the threshold of C saturation is reached.
Feng, W., A. Plante, A.K. Aufdenkampe, J. Six (2014): Soil organic matter stability in organo-mineral complexes as a function of increasing carbon loading. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 69, 398-405. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.11.024


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Personal Academic Tutors will play a vital role in supporting students to fulfil their academic potential, feel secure and resilient, in an uncertain, changing and challenging environment. Effective Personal Academic Tutoring will be crucial in maintaining student engagement and a sense of community as students attempt to navigate through unfamiliar and changing learning experiences. Having consistent, frequent contact with a Personal Academic Tutor will also pick up problems quickly and effectively.
In response to the Framework for Educational Resilience 2020/21 and the introduction of weekly group, academic tutorials please see the updated Personal Academic Tutor Gateway module, and the Personal Academic Tutoring section on the Remote Teaching Resource (Canvas login required).
Both resources are for new and experienced Personal Academic Tutors offering advice and guidance in supporting students in a bi-modal learning environment.


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Addition Definition: If A and B are any two matrices of the same size, then the sum A+B is the matrix obtained by adding together the corresponding entries in the two matrices. Matrices of different sizes cannot be added.
Product Definition I: If A is any matrix and c is any scalar, then the product cA is the matrix obtained by multiplying each entry of A by c.
Product Definition II: If A is an m x r matrix and B is an r x n matrix, then the product AB is the m x n matrix whose entries are determined as follows. To find the entry in row i and column j of AB, single out row i from the matrix A and column j from the matrix B. Multiply the corresponding entries from the row and column together and then add up the resulting products.


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Function template skip
boost::xpressive::skip — Specify which characters to skip when matching a regex.
// In header:
template unspecified skip(Skip const & skip);
skip() instructs the regex engine to skip certain characters when matching a regex. It is most useful for writing regexes that ignore whitespace. For instance, the following specifies a regex that skips whitespace and punctuation:
 // A sentence is one or more words separated by whitespace
 // and punctuation.
 sregex word = +alpha;
 sregex sentence = skip(set[_s | punct])( +word );
The way it works in the above example is to insert keep(*set[_s | punct]) before each primitive within the regex. A "primitive" includes terminals like strings, character sets and nested regexes. A final *set[_s | punct] is added to the end of the regex. The regex sentence specified above is equivalent to the following:
 sregex sentence = +( keep(*set[_s | punct]) >> word )
 >> *set[_s | punct];
[Note] Note
Skipping does not affect how nested regexes are handled because they are treated atomically. String literals are also treated atomically; that is, no skipping is done within a string literal. So skip(_s)("this that") is not the same as skip(_s)("this" >> as_xpr("that")). The first will only match when there is only one space between "this" and "that". The second will skip any and all whitespace between "this" and "that".
A regex that specifies which characters to skip.


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How to Make Mushroom Soil
Mushroom soil is a rich compost used in cultivating mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). Every grower has a different recipe for the compost. Mushroom soil is also beneficial in the garden to add nutrients and organic material to ordinary soil. A small amount goes a long way; one cubic yard of mushroom soil will cover 100 square feet of garden.
The first ingredients are 5 pounds each finely ground corncobs and straw in a compost bin. Forming a tight mound or rectangle will ensure the 160 degrees Fahrenheit needed to break down organic material and destroy weed seeds or pathogens. The compost needs to be mixed well and given enough water to be damp with each addition. After four or five days, add 1 pound of leaf mold or peat moss and 1 pound of cottonseed, canola or soybean meal to the compost bin and allow it to stand five or six days. The final ingredients are 1/2 pound each potash and gypsum. A week to 10 days later, the result should be dark brown, light and crumbly in texture and smell earthy. If the soil is wet, smells rotten or has large clumps of material, it needs another week of composting.
Crafting and creative projects have been part of Heidi Grover's life since she was old enough to reach the glue and glitter. Grover received a degree in creative writing from Utah Valley University and combines her love of crafting with her love of words.


PTJ Manufacturing Shop
PTJ Manufacturing Shop
The difference between alloy steel and tool steel
The difference between alloy steel and tool steel
Other alloy elements (such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, copper, tungsten, aluminum, cobalt, niobium, zirconium, and other elements), and some steels that also contain certain non-metallic elements (such as boron, nitrogen, etc.). According to the content of alloy elements in steel, it can be divided into low alloy steel, medium alloy steel and high alloy steel.
The difference between alloy steel and tool steel1. Steel means that the steel contains no alloys other than alloy elements such as silicon (generally does not exceed 0.40%) and manganese (generally does not exceed 0.80%, and the higher content can reach 1.20%), which is involved in deoxidation. Elements (except scrap elements) of steel. According to the unevenness of the content, it can be divided into low carbon steel (carbon content is generally less than 0.25%); medium carbon steel (carbon content is generally between 0.25% and 0.60%); high carbon steel (carbon content is a show It was 0.60%).
But there is no harsh border between them.
2. Definition of alloy steel: steel containing other alloy elements is alloy steel. The total content of alloy elements can reach 10 ~ 28%, which is high alloy steel.
Alloy steel, in addition to iron and natural elements in steel, also adds other alloy elements in order to change or improve certain characteristics of steel. For example, CrNiMnMoWVB. In addition to iron and carbon, some other metals are intervened in alloy steel to change the function of the material. The effect of chromium is to make steel resistant to corrosion, and the effect of nickel is to reduce the austenitizing temperature of stainless steel.
3. Definition of tool steel: Machining tool steel does not contain other alloy elements; tool steel is also a steel with a carbon content of less than 1.35%.
Tool steel, that is to say, except for the iron element, the material is generally only natural elements of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur, and no other alloy elements are added.
4. The difference between alloy steel and tool steel: tool steel does not contain useful alloy elements, but alloys with iron, carbon and manganese as the primary elements. Mechanical performance is generally inferior to alloy steel. In addition, the price of tool steel is much lower than that of alloy seamless steel pipe. From the above two points, Gusu alloy steel suppliers believe that the performance of alloy steel exceeds tool steel is the biggest difference.
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JOURNALISM! NYT Wonders Why 'Pornography Literacy Classes' Would Anger NYC Parents
The New York Times pondered on social media this week over why parents in New York City would be upset that their young children are subjected to "pornography literacy classes" and "sex-positive education" at two elite private schools.
"Pornography literacy classes are supposed to teach students how to critically assess what they see on the screen. But when a sex-positive educator taught her curriculum at two elite New York City schools recently, some parents were outraged," posted the newspaper on Twitter.
h/t New York Times


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I was told to write the $3$ cube roots of $27$ in rectangular form how is this to be done? I know how to do cube roots on something like $5+0i$ in polar form, but how do you do it with just a number?
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3 Answers 3
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If you know how to find the cube roots of $5+0i$ in polar form, you're most of the way there already. $27=27+0i$, so you can use the same techniques on it as on $5+0i$ to get the polar form of the cube roots. To get to rectangular form from polar form, evaluate the polar form—that is, $$re^{i\theta}=r(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta)=r\cos\theta+(r\sin\theta)i.$$
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$z^\frac{1}{n} = +\sqrt[n]{\vert z\vert} e^{ i \frac{\arg (z) + 2k\pi }{n} } $, where $\arg(z)$ is the principal argument of the complex number $z$, and $k = {0, 1,... n-1}$. In this case, since the complex number $z$ is purely real, $\arg(z) = 0$. Therefore we are left with:
$27^\frac{1}{3} = \sqrt[3]{27} e^{i\frac{2k\pi}{3} }$, which, iterating over $k$, gives us the three roots $3, 3e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}}$, and $3e^{i\frac{4\pi}{3}} $. Now, to express them in rectangular form, simply use Euler's formula; $e^{ix} = \cos(x) + i \sin(x)$.
Your final answers should then be $3, \frac{3}{2}(-1+i\sqrt{3})$, and $\frac{3}{2}(-1-i\sqrt{3})$.
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_USER_. By the way, maybe you should take a look at…. – a.r. Sep 26 '10 at 9:40
_USER_ Roig Don't worry, I really don't care a ton for the actual answer I need to find out how to do it so that I can do any different problem on the test. – chromedude Sep 27 '10 at 10:57
Yes, a number has three cube roots. Think about how you would factor the polynomial $x^3-27$.
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yes, of course. – jericson Sep 26 '10 at 3:50
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Middle rectal artery
Within the body's pelvic region, the middle rectal artery serves oxygenated blood to the rectum. However, there are anatomical variances between males and females. For men, the artery branches into blood vessels that serve the prostate as well as the seminal vesicles. In women, the artery branches into vessels that run into the vagina. In both sexes, the artery arises from the internal iliac artery. Also, the rectum is the end of the digestive tract. The supply of oxygenated blood that assists in the final stages of digestion is left over ingested matter processed into feces to be expelled from the body. The middle rectal artery has venal counterparts in the middle rectal veins. These vessels actively drain deoxygenated blood from the area and move it to the internal ileac vein. From there, the deoxygenated blood moves through venal circulatory system until it ends up in the heart via the inferior vena cava. The right side of the heart then pumps it into the lungs for fresh oxygen.
Written and medically reviewed by the Healthline Editorial Team
In Depth: Middle rectal artery


be some difficulties that go along with it.
Venus is exalted in the ninth house, and signifying that the individual's sense of values and ethics are high.
Venus in the 9th House shows a woman loves to travel and be on the go. She may be happy to spend a quiet day at home, but she needs variety in her life to feel truly fulfilled.
Venus in the 9th House suggests a love of foreign travel or a penchant for self-improvement. You see the big picture and believe in possibilities—an open mind is important for success.
Mars in 9th House
A Mars in the 9th House placement is an excellent indicator of an intellectual who may derive satisfaction from expressing himself or herself in the written word.
Planets in a person's horoscope have many meanings and influence on one's life. The placement of Mars in the 9th House of your horoscope indicates unrest, strange ideas or jealous nature.
Mars in the 9th House of a chart indicates you are blessed with a strong sense of purpose and a lot of passion. You might be working towards a life-long ambition, but that doesn't stop you from experiencing the thrill of the chase in all aspects of your life. With Mars in this position, you are naturally competitive, forward moving, and a born leader.
The placement of Mars in the 9th House has a special meaning. It means that your thoughts, actions, and even life plan are largely influenced by your ideals and philosophical tendencies.
There is a powerful desire to create or invent something great, to promote certain cause or idea for a larger purpose. You actually seem to be driven by some kind of vision, perhaps spiritual ideal rather than merely material goals.
Mars in the 9th House indicates a sensitive, romantic nature. You have a strong intuition which can make you idealistic and altruistic – you can never bear to see others in pain. Your passion for life stems from your compassion, idealism, and sense of adventure.
Your arrow will be aimed high if Mars is placed in your 9th House. You are an ambitious risk-taker who may have a difficult time paying attention to the details.
You are a spiritual individual who desires to think outside the box and do things differently than others. Patriotic by nature, you don't like to be restricted by rules and traditions, and like to push beyond boundaries.
Jupiter in 9th House
Jupiter rules higher education, philosophy, higher learning and long distance travel. When Jupiter is in the 9th house it shows a thirst for knowledge and philosophy and an interest in the greater world out there. You love to learn new things.
This placement of Jupiter in the 9th House describes people who are able to think more broadly. They are open to many different points of view and have a desire for spiritual meaning. These individuals are blessed with powerful intuition and may be involved in various religious or spiritual pursuits.
A person with Jupiter here has an expansive viewpoint and a tendency towards international travel. This placement gives that person a chance to broaden his horizons in many areas of life, particularly on an intellectual level. The person will have a broad education, and be attracted to philosophy, religion and law.
Jupiter in the ninth house is a very fortunate placement for career matters – and it adds balance to the personality, allowing one to be more tolerant of other peoples' ideas and ways of doing things. It gives an optimistic view of higher education and religion.
Jupiter must be received into the horoscope through mutual reception in order to form this placement. Mercury is also considered to be very important in creating Jupiter's influence on the 9th house since if it is well aspected or dignified, it will create a strong influence in career matters.
Jupiter in the 9th House can bring a feeling that you have some kind of mission in life; that there is something important you are here to do. Maybe you were born with an awareness of higher powers and this inspires you.
You may become a very spiritual person or at least drawn to religion and the philosophy behind it. Astrology shows us that Jupiter has a positive effect on the 9th House: it gives increased popularity, power to negotiate, ability for higher education, good luck on journeys and property ownership.
Jupiter in the 9th House of your horoscope means you have a powerful sense of spirituality. You are mature beyond your years and have a broad vision of the natural world as well as of humanity itself.
Jupiter in the 9th House of Astrology represents the urge to expound, philosophize and give witness. People with Jupiter here all have a strong sense of justice and a need to give voice to those who cannot speak for themselves – outsiders, the marginalized and anyone else who is suffering in some way.
Saturn in 9th House
Saturn in the 9th House people are goal-oriented and serious-minded. You plan for the future and put away savings; you work hard to make your plans come true.
You may believe in reincarnation or karma, for you see life as a series of lessons that lead to growth. You learned early on to look beyond outward appearances so you don't expect others to be what they appear to be.
Saturn is slow to speed up, but once he gets going, he seems to get more done than anyone else. Saturn in the 9th House projects a sense of serious purpose and often an impressive ability to make things happen.
When you observe the placement of Saturn in the 9th House, it will mean that you will have a very strong sense of self-identity and take exceptionally good care of yourself. You may enjoy a comfortable home that reflects yourself and your individuality.
Saturn represents discipline, responsibility, practicality, cautiousness, and caution. With Saturn in the 9th house you may have an interest in public or community service, religion, law enforcement, politics and foreign affairs.
You are very interested in making sure that everything is decided or done properly. This placement can bring a great sense of responsibility and maturity to your life.
Saturn in the 9th House reveals an individual who is clairvoyant and able to see the future. This placement makes you great at long distance relationships.
You like to correspond with people you aren't close to, and may travel far to encounter new people or knowledge. Whatever your skills they will be best used when far from home, perhaps with a career in politics, religion or education.
Uranus in 9th House
Uranus here has resulted in perceptions of being rebels, adventurers and innovators. While Uranus involves change, there's also a need to keep things interesting and vibrant.
As Uranus symbolizes sudden and unexpected upheaval, placement in the 9th House can mean unexpected travel abroad or a change of residence upon return home.
Some people will be ready to delve into spirituality and mysticism as Uranus takes up residence in the 9th House of their horoscope. This 9th House Uranus placement signifies an open mindedness and tendency towards free thinking, and can indicate a need for spiritual freedom and personal growth.
Uranus in the 9th House is considered lucky for people born between October 1962 and January 1984. Luck in love, fame, and fortune are some of the strongest aspects that this placement can bring. Uranus in this House also indicates good fortunes in groups organized or run by a person with this placement.
Uranus in your 9th House means that freedom and innovation are the cornerstones of your life. You are considered a nonconformist and have a natural proclivity for change. It is common for you to break away from the traditional way of doing things, and you can be more of a pioneer than a follower.
The placement of Uranus in the ninth house can create the impression that you have a wide social circle, with many opportunities to learn about other cultures. Your interests may take a more abstract turn than if Uranus were in the first or tenth house.
Neptune in 9th House
Neptune is the planet of imagination, inspiration, compassion, idealism and unity. It is here that Neptune is interpreted as a planet of fantasy, illusion, delusion and confusion.
This placement can indicate a tendency to withdraw from the world and live in one's dreamlike illusions. If we instead have the courage to keep our feet on the ground while looking at things from a larger perspective, Neptune in the 9th House can give us access to highly creative outlets to express our spiritual nature and ideals.
The Neptune in a 9th House placement indicates that this may be a time of extreme insight as new thoughts are bound to enter your mind and add a spiritual layer to proceedings. The 9th House relates to long distance travel, faith or hope and anything that could involve a lot of time spent daydreaming, so expect a level of introspection not usually experienced by others.
This placement gives people with a Neptune in 9th House an idealistic approach to life – many of them being pan-spiritual and willing to bestow meaning on all things; there's nothing they can't feel profound about.
But because of the over attachment to religion, philosophy etc., they can easily become depressed when they experience the inevitable conflicts between "how things are" and how they "should be."
Neptune in the 9th House is a placement that indicates a capacity for inspirational and utopian attitudes. The native may feel compassion for others, strong social beliefs or convictions and the desire to influence the world through art, writing and/or music.
He or she may have an interest in foreign cultures and religions, as well as metaphysical phenomena. Neptune in the 9th House natives are somewhat illusive people


text: The kinetics of the isomerization of butenes over the Bi2O3-MoO3 (koechlinite) catalyst were investigated in recirculation and in pulse expts. At 150-250 Deg, isomerization prevails over the oxidn. to butadiene. In the recirculation expts., isomerization proved strongly inhibited by butadiene, and the apparent activation energies for isomerization were high (17-19 kcal mole-1). In the pulse expts. where diene inhibition is nonoperative, low activation energies (2-4 kcal mole-1) for isomerization were obsd. Isomerization and oxidn. occur on similar combination of the B and A centers as postulated by Matsuura. This was confirmed by the action of NH3 in a temp. range where isomerization and oxidn. are of comparable rate. Both reactions proved to be strongly inhibited.


text:
Fort Fisher is a sand beach marked by a low rocky outcrop.
This is a remnant from an old
Pleistocene headland and is a unique feature of the southern North Carolina coast.
This beach rock, called coquina, is composed of
cemented together with shells.
How do you think this coquina rock outcrop affects sand movements on the nearby beaches?
How is a rocky habitat different from a sandy habitat?
Here is a series of QuickTime Panoramas of the Fort Fisher beach.
Panorama 1 (Interactive) (922 K)
Panorama 2 (631 K)
Panorama 3 (631 K)
These photographs and panoramas were taken at:
33 58' 25 N, 77 54' 51 W
Click on a thumbnail photo to view a full screen image.
©1998, Alec M. Bodzin for the Science Junction, NC State University. All rights reserved.
| Teacher Terminal | Science Junction | NC State University |


text:
(2004). Pupils' perspectives on learning mathematics.
In: Allen, Barbara and Johnston-Wilder, Sue eds.
Mathematics Education: Exploring the culture of learning.
UK: Routledge, pp. 233–242.
Mathematics Education identifies some of the most significant issues in mathematics education today. Pulling together relevant articles from authors well-known in their fields of study, the book addresses topical issues such as:
teacher belief and knowledge
community of practice
autonomy and agency
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Remember that teacher who made a difference in your life? Now its your turn! Substitute teaching is a great opportunity to be a mentor and help students become the best versions of themselves. Substitute teachers are essential to ensuring students continue to learn and grow every day.
**Why substitute teach?**
+ Positively impact the education of students in your own community.
+ Feel good about the work you do.
+ Enjoy work-life balance.
+ Assume duties of the classroom teacher in accordance with school district lesson plans, school rules, and Kelly policies. This includes:
+ Leading instruction in the classroom by conducting the teachers existing lesson plans
+ Instructing students on a variety of classroom topics/courses
+ Building positive relationships
+ Assigning reasonable tasks and homework
+ Motivate students to learn, and encourage classroom participation
+ Create a classroom environment thats conducive to learning and appropriate to the maturity and interests of students
+ Adapt to the various learning styles of students
+ For long-term assignments, it may be required to develop lessons plans, as well as create, administer, and grade tests and assignments
**Perks youll enjoy as a substitute teacher:**
+ Free online classroom management training to help you become a capable, confident classroom leader
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(DOLPHINS) MINNESOTA — The Minnesota zoo recently announced that after more than a decade it's discontinuing their captive dolphin exhibit. Earlier this year a facility in Germany decided to discontinue their dolphin exhibit and the Swiss government passes laws that will end the keeping of dolphins and whales in captivity. With an estimated 410 captive dolphins in the United States, it would be nice to see more facilities follow Minnesota's lead. With IMAX, 3-D, and the virtual reality technology available today, captive dolphin exhibits could be turned into educational exhibits, and the wildlife could remain in the wild. — Global Animal
The Huffington Post, Will Travers
I was intrigued by the Minnesota Zoo's recent announcement that it is discontinuing its captive dolphin exhibit. More than a decade ago we expressed concern about the zoo's acquisition of two dolphins from South Africa. In our letter we asked the zoo to instead consider phasing out the captive dolphin display.
We are thrilled to see that the zoo may finally be heeding our advice. Better late than never.
Whether wild-caught or captive-born, dolphins in captivity are sentenced to a life of confinement, deprived of normal social and environmental interaction that they would otherwise enjoy. Barren tanks simply cannot meet the needs of these highly intelligent and active animals.
There are an estimated 410 dolphins in captivity in the United States. Marine mammal inventory reports maintained by the National Marine Fisheries Service show that the Minnesota Zoo had three wild-caught dolphins in its exhibit.
While the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) makes it more difficult to capture marine mammals from the wild, aquariums can and sometimes do apply for permits to import animals from other countries where wild capture is still common.
After passage of the MMPA in 1972, the captive marine mammal industry placed much emphasis on captive breeding to keep the tanks full with endearing performers and to avoid bad public relations associated with wild capture. But without wild capture, the supply does not appear to be keeping up with the demand. The Minnesota Zoo suggested that both the expense and difficulty of obtaining dolphins were reasons for discontinuing the dolphin exhibit.
Born Free USA would like to believe that public support for captive displays of marine mammals is also waning. We hope this is the case throughout the world.
Earlier this month, a facility in Germany announced that it would discontinue its dolphin exhibit, citing an inability to provide an adequate environment for the animals. Once it closes, there will be just two places in Germany that keep dolphins in captivity.
In March, the Swiss government passed measures that will end the keeping of dolphins and whales in captivity. Bans on captive dolphins are already in place in Norway, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Cyprus.
And it was public support for keeping wildlife in the wild that made possible the Born Free Foundation's rescue, rehabilitation and eventual release of two dolphins, Tom and Misha, who had been at death's door in a filthy swimming pool at a resort in Hisaronu, Turkey.
I hope that the Minnesota Zoo's decision to close its dolphin exhibit was more than just a financial one and that ethics also played a role. Perhaps the facility will focus on educational programs that do not exploit animals, such as its current exhibit that features 15 animatronic dinosaurs.
The Minnesota Zoo also could be reinvented to serve as a rehabilitation facility for native wildlife and a permanent home with spacious "natural as possible" enclosures for those individuals who cannot be returned to the wild.
Captive animal displays represent a less-enlightened time when animals were viewed as objects for our amusement with no regard to their physical and psychological well-being. Through satellite, 3D, virtual-reality and IMAX technology, visitors can "experience" life in the farthest-flung corners of the globe and learn about real conservation issues and solutions "from the source" via experts on the ground where projects are being undertaken.
We must teach future generations that it is not acceptable to exploit animals and nature. Keep wildlife in the wild.
More Huffington Post: _URL_


of Earth that has a period of 19,000 to 23,000 years. It follows that changes in Earth's orbital parameters (e.g., orbital inclination, the angle between Earth's rotation axis and its plane of orbit) is important to the study of Earth's climate, in particular to the study of past ice ages. (See also nodal precession. For precession of the lunar orbit see lunar precession).
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Schaub, Hanspeter (2003), Analytical Mechanics of Space Systems, AIAA, pp. 149–150, ISBN 9781600860270, retrieved May 2014
 2. ^ Boal, David (2001). "Lecture 26 – Torque-free rotation – body-fixed axes" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-09-17.
 3. ^ Teodorescu, Petre P (2002). Mechanical Systems, Classical Models. Springer. p. 420.
 4. ^ DIO 9.1 ‡3
 5. ^ Bradt, Hale (2007). Astronomy Methods. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978 0 521 53551 9.
 7. ^ An even larger value for a precession has been found, for a black hole in orbit around a much more massive black hole, amounting to 39 degrees each orbit.
External links[edit]


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Economic profit is explained by business opportunity cost. The opportunity cost is associated with the decision that includes both explicit and implicit costs. The unique aspect about opportunity it regards the cost associated with making alternative decision. The cost associated with an alternative are often refer implicit costs. The accounting cost of making a decision is called the explicit cost (McEachern, 2008).
While the accounting costs are fairly simple to calculate, implicit costs are not as easy. Measuring the cost of best foregone alternative can be easily anticipated. Considering the Amos McCoy invests in 100 acres earn $100, Amos McCoy has an alternative investment option, where Amos McCoy could earn $200 per acre. Based on economic principles in regard to implicit and explicit, it is evident that Amos McCoy currently makes no economic benefit.
In the first case, where Amos McCoy earns $100 from 100 acres represents a business expense, that can easily identified and accounted for as an explicit cost. The cost incurred reflects clear, obvious outflows from a business that reduces its bottom-line profitability (McEachern, 2008). At the same time explicit cost contrast with less-tangible expenses such as goodwill amortization, which does not present a clear cut regarding their effects on business, in this case Amos McCoy investment.
In conclusion, it crucial to note that McCoy's business expenses that regard explicit costs such as wage expenses, land lease costs among other related cost involved in production in order for the investment to earn the $100 were not identified, this makes it difficult to know whether the business earn an economic profit. However, with the alternative information given, it is easy to identify the source of cash outflow and investment activities, thus, identifying the attribute related profit or loss. McCoy's farm investment can earn profits through the proposed option where, 1acre has the potential to earn McCoy $200. It is therefore, evident that McCoy's current is not making an economic profit.


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Balance of tree & grass cover
The Australian beef industry manages half of Australia's landmass. Much of the beef it produces is the result of grazing cattle on land that cannot support other food production.
The industry manages the land by balancing tree and grass cover for grazing and environmental benefits.
Overwhelmingly, activities to improve production also improve environmental outcomes, for example through nutrient cycling. The industry recognises in some areas, production and environment must be managed separately. In Australia, well-managed beef production systems are integrated with biodiverse ecosystems.
It remains important for the Australian beef industry to prove its environmental credentials, including how it manages tree and grass cover.
Australia is tackling difficult environmental challenges. As managers of so much land, producers recognise their responsibility to protect and improve the land. The beef industry is aware of the negative impact of some operations, and many in the industry are effective environmental stewards with little recognition. Beef producers hope to continue productively collaborating with those inside and outside the industry to achieve what's best for the environment, animals and community.
The industry's strategic plan, Red Meat 2030, aspires for Australian red meat to be recognised "globally as world leaders in agricultural and environmental management and stewardship practices".
The Australian beef industry has been working closely with key customers, stakeholders and technical experts in this area, including through the Framework process. This includes convening an Expert Working Group to develop the practical, evidence-based measures for this priority. The Framework reported against these measures for the first time in 2019, and has done so again in the 2020 Annual Update.
Caring for the land is becoming more challenging for farming. The climate is becoming more variable and extreme weather events more frequent. The unprecedented bushfires that devastated parts of Australia over the past summer highlight the complexity and importance of managing vegetation and fuel loads in a changing climate.
The industry believes well-managed landscapes and livestock production are not mutually exclusive when looking at the whole farm system. In many landscapes, cattle can be grazed across the property. Others require a mosaic style of management, where some areas are protected to preserve the ecological value on the farm, while other areas are used for production.
The industry is committed to:
- Responsibly managing vegetation within the landscapes for the dual benefits of food production and ecosystem services.
- Recognising that all federal and state laws to protect and enhance areas of high conservation value are the minimum compared with best practice.
- Managing landscapes in a manner that is regionally appropriate with consideration to farm planning with an appropriate balance of tree and grass for:
- Grazing livestock.
- Conserving and where possible enhancing biodiversity.
- Focussing on maintaining ground cover to prevent soil run-off into waterways.
- Actively managing re-growth to protect existing pastures and grasslands.
- Actively managing vegetation when required for fire breaks, weed and pest control.
What the data is telling us
Data for both the indicators have been collected from the Framework's annual sustainability survey, which is currently the best available data source. Land set aside for conservation or protection has increased to 2.25%, representing 6.4 million hectares of cattle-producing land. This includes reserves, parks, heritage sites and indigenous protected areas.
There has been more actively managed land this year. Note that as the data came through a survey, this change could be due to a shift in respondents. Active management activities that contribute to environmental outcomes were developed in partnership with NRM Regions Australia. These activities include weed, pest and erosion control, applied soil treatments, fencing waterways and features that require protection to prevent livestock access, and destocking pastured, bushland or riparian areas.
The Framework is continuing to investigate a methodology to measure indicator 5.2a(ii), the amount of land managed by beef producers for conservation outcomes through formal arrangements.
View a comprehensive regional breakdown of ground cover levels.
Measuring changes in tree and grass cover
In 2019, we embarked on developing a world-leading capability for measuring and monitoring changes in tree and grass cover. Following extensive consultation, key indicators were developed by an independent Expert Working Group. Measurement of these indicators has been implemented through a partnership with Cibo Labs. The history of this work, alongside how this data is measured and collected, can be found here.
Following advice from this Expert Working Group, data looks at both vegetation loss and gain across regions. The Framework aims to report at a national level, and this may mean that reported data can be very misleading if the regional context is not considered. For this reason, the Framework has outlined vegetation trends across the 56 NRM regions here. The Framework is continuing to investigate appropriate ways to report national tree and grass cover changes that also capture regional context.
The Framework has distinguished two classes of woody vegetation – woodland and forest. This differentiation aims to address persistent movement between vegetation classes. A loss in forest can be due to clearing or a loss in density to woodland.
National changes in woody vegetation classes
The table below shows the loss and gain of woody cover across the woodland and forest classes.
- Woodland is counted as vegetation with 5-20% canopy cover.
- Forest is counted as vegetation with >20% canopy cover.
A national forest cover gain of 1.3% means that from 2017 to 2018, the conversion of non-woody to forest was responsible for a 1.3% gain in forest extent. Conversely the 1.1% loss means that from 2017 to 2018, 1.1% of the forest extent was converted to non-woody. The net change in extent is shown in the third section of this table.
Overall Australia's grazed agricultural lands are increasing in woody vegetation. Over the last decade we are also seeing a general increase in the density of woodland areas through a transition from woodland to forest. Trends in the primary woody vegetation removal have declined by more than 90% from 1990 levels, and since 2009 the national annual removal rate has been less than 0.3%. These losses include fires and commercial forestry on private land, so overestimate annual losses from grazing enterprises.
National changes in ground cover
The trends in seasonal ground cover and rainfall (Figure 2) are difficult to unpack at the national scale, though there are certainly long-term trends which have an impact on land resource condition. The severe impacts of widespread drought through 2017-2019 saw ground cover levels for around 50% of Australian land fall below 50% ground cover.
The decline in ground cover levels has been occurring nationally since 2011. National statistics, however, mask much more severe declines in ground cover at regional and property levels where ground cover has been significantly below regional targets in many areas. Regional and local declines in ground cover due to poor seasonal conditions and prolonged drought means producers will need to invest in managing soils and land condition to minimise negative impacts on the environment.
Snapshot of activity
Industry projects to improve how the Australian beef industry cares for the environment, and demonstrate its environmental credentials, include the following.
Verifying sustainable production
Considerable work is being done to develop a way to verify sustainable production. MLA has secured Smart Farm partnership funding from the Australian Government to pilot and roll out an innovative national online sustainability tool which will offer verifiable sustainability credentials for producers who opt in. Five Sustainability Credentials and supporting modules will enable broad-acre graziers to assess their on-farm performance and management:
- Vegetation retention and enhancement
- Grass cover and soil conservation
- Biodiversity stewardship
- Carbon accounting
- Drought resilience.
Participating graziers can have their practices verified against these standards through remote sensing technology. The platform will enable graziers to demonstrate their sustainability and access markets for sustainable beef.
In parallel, MLA has partnered with McDonald's to pilot a whole-of-value-chain beef sustainability program that could utilise this tool. A pilot of this program is being conducted that will test the online sustainability tool, and test how a whole of value chain program could operate.
NRM Regions Australia
Across Australia there are 49 NRM service providers acting as delivery agents under the National Landcare Program. They focus on:
- Ramsar wetlands
- Threatened species
- World Heritage properties
- Threatened ecological communities
- Conditions of soil, biodiversity, and vegetation
- Agricultural systems adapted to changes in climate and market demands.
Discussions continue to identify opportunities to partner on delivering positive environmental and production outcomes.


text:
Save when you buy the complete set! This series shows how a new life forms, what happens during pregnancy and childbirth, the impact of heredity, and the stages of newborn development.
The Beginnings of Life Series includes:
From Conception to Baby (26 min.) (Item # LS-1006)
Learn how an embryo forms, stages of fetal development, and how to create a healthy environment.
Pregnancy in Progress (33 min.) (Item # LS-1350)
Discover the guidelines for healthy prenatal care, common prenatal tests, and the topic of fertility.
Understanding Childbirth (29 min.) (Item # LS-1351)
Explore approaches to childbirth, the 3 stages of labor, and what to consider for a birth plan.
Newborn Development (38 min.) (Item # LS-1008)
See how professionals assess newborns and follow the stages of physical, cognitive and social growth.
Heredity & Environment (39 min.) (Item # LS-1005)
Learn how genes are passed to offspring, how traits are determined, and the effect of environmental factors on a child.
165 minutes on 5 DVD's


How to Transfer Apps to New Android from old Android Device
In this article we will learn how to transfer the apps to a new android device from an old android device. The methods will tell how to transfer apps from android in built feature and restore feature. Or maybe using the Samsung smart switch mobile app if you already have it on your device. Therefore, in the instructions we cover the Android pie 9.0, Oreo 8.0, Nougat 7.0 and android devices from all the manufacturers.
Transfer apps to a new android phone using the Android backup and restoring feature
The simplest method to transfer your apps from android to android. It is by backing up your old device, and restoring the function on the new phone. Firstly, you need see if your new device is backing up your data or not, to do so you have to:
 1. Go on to the Settings.
 2. Tap on the System by scrolling down.
 3. Select the Backup option (You might have to expand the Advanced section before that).
 4. Check and see if the toggle of the Back up to Google Drive is on, if you see it is on then you are ready!
 5. If the toggle is off then slide it to make it on and Back up now.
 6. Hence, you are all set after the backup is complete.
Restoring your data to the new phone
Now you are all set to restore the data to your new android phone from the old one through this method. However, if you have not yet restored your data you can now restore it including all the apps during this process.
 1. Make sure to charge your new android device and power it up. Follow the instructions from the screen till it asks you to restore the data from another device. However, you can always opt to start it as a brand-new clean slate, but restoring some data will be helpful for you in the future.
 2. Tap on the Copy Your Data and select the device from which you have to restore the data.
 3. Then your android device will ask you to connect to a Wi-Fi network. Be sure that you connected to the same network as your old device is.
 4. Now you will be seeing the restore option on the screen of your phone. Select either A Back up from an android phone or A Back up from the cloud or drive.
 5. Use your old phone only and sign into your google account.
 6. Here you will see the list of the options to back up including your old device.
 7. Now choose the right one or correct one and tap Restore. So that you can transfer all the data and setting from your old device. Tap on the Apps you wish to transfer from your old device to your new device.
 8. Hence, now you can continue with your setting up process, while your data is restoring in the background.
Use the Samsung Smart Switch mobile App
Therefore, if you have a Samsung S7 or other version, then smart switch app is already in that in your device, for your old device you can download this app from the app store. And then follow the instructions from the screen and download it. You can select this app to transfer your data from any android phone which has android marshmallow 6.0 to a Samsung phone.
Therefore, to get into the app on S7 or later version, tap on Settings > Accounts > Smart switch, for any different phone look in the app drawer for the app.
There are three ways which you can use with Smart Switch: USB cable, Wirelessly, or external storage. The most straightforward method is transferring the apps wirelessly.
 1. Open Smart Switch on your new device.
 2. Choose Wireless > Receive > Android.
 3. Now open Smart Switch on your old phone.
 4. Tap on Wireless > Send.
 5. Follow the screen instructions on your new phone.
From the USB cable
 1. Plug in the USB of your old device.
 2. Now connect that cable to the Samsung USB connector.
 3. Here you will now plug in the Samsung USB connector into your new device.
 4. Open Smart Switch on your old device.
 5. On your old phone adjust the USB settings to Media Device (MTP).
 6. Follow the screen instructions to move the apps.
Using the external storage (SD card)
Insert the SD card or connect your phone to the USB storage device in which you have the apps for restoring. And follow the instructions on the screen.
Samsung also provides the Smart Switch app for Mac. and Windows, installs and opens the desktop app and then connects the phone to the computer. Therefore, now follow the screen instructions to transfer the apps and the data right from the device you want it to.
Some considerations:
For the other apps that are not from Google, you will have to recheck if they are backing up the Google drive. However, it can be helpful especially if you want to save the chat history, usually, the popular apps have this. Your data will only sync properly if you sign in to all your Google devices. If you wish to save the bookmarks and the password then you have to be signed in to all the Google devices. Go on to the browser setting in sign-in from there if you have not signed in already. Therefore, this is how you will share apps from android to android.
Frequently Asked Question
Q. How do I transfer apps from old phone to new android?
A. Launch the Google Play Store. Tap the menu icon, then tap "My apps and games." You'll be shown a list of apps that were on your old phone. Pick the ones you want to migrate (you might not want to move brand-specific or carrier-specific apps from the old phone to the new), and download them
Q. How do I transfer everything to my new Android phone?
A. Switch to a new Android phone
 1. Charge both phones.
 2. Make sure you can unlock the old phone with a PIN, pattern, or password.
Q. Is there an app to transfer data from Android to Android?
A. Samsung Smart Switch
It allows the transfer of the data between any two Android devices (Lenovo, HTC, Motorola, etc.). The app can also transfer data between two Android devices through the SD card even
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SQL Server uses allocated server memory for different kind of purposes. Two of them are plan cache and data cache which are used to store execution plans and actual data correspondingly.
My question: Do these two caches have different allocated space section in Buffer pool, or in contrary, they have just one section in Buffer pool which they share between each other?
In other words, if plan cache is filling up, does space for data cache is reducing as well?
Yes. The Plan Cache and Page Cache share the available server memory. The Plan Cache is capped, as growing a large plan cache rarely provides much marginal benefit.
AFAIK, this old doc page is still accurate:
Memory Allocated To Plan Caching
Most memory used by SQL Server is allocated to the Buffer Pool, which is used to store data pages. SQL Server steals a proportion of this memory for use in caching query plans.
Cache Pressure Limit SQL Server 2008 and SQL Server 2005 SP2 [and later]
Which means that the plan cache will be trimmed when it exceeds that target, effectively capping the amount of memory used for plan caching.
Plan Caching in SQL Server 2008
 - 1
 I was about to quote the same document, you beat me. I also believe this still holds true till SQL Server 2019.
 – Shanky
 May 26 '20 at 14:54
Your Answer


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Technology based on unique DNA SEQ XYZ geometry of kinome
DNA SEQ's "DxRx" platform of A/I driven kinase technology is encapsulated in our patent estate, as designed by our IP Attorney, Dr Lisa Haile. Our patent estate consists of U.S. Patent #10,093,982 and U.S. Patent #10,392,669, and is associated with the initial "know how" of DNA SEQ's Founder, Janusz Maria Sowadski, which has been derived from the original discovery of the first structure of a protein kinase – cAMP dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.
The Priority Dates associated with DNA SEQ's Patent Estate is January 27, 2014 for both U.S. Patent #10,093,982 and U.S. Patent #10,392,669. The patents expire on March 25, 2035 and February 20, 2035, respectively. We used the original nomenclature as has been initially published in several key publications. The only additional nomenclature referenced is the "Rosetta Stone", which is used in DNA SEQ's patented kinome origin, which functions much like a "GPS system" for the crystal kinome in three-dimensional space. It provides a navigatable system for diagnostic prediction and for the drug design of novel inhibitors. It requires only the key to the coordinates of origin of the "DNA-SEQ XYZ geometry" of the kinome.
The core of our patent estate is the A/I driven platform. The key function of the platform is to translate cancer patient genetic response to kinase inhibitors data, into the "DNA SEQ origin of kinome crystal space". The process of the A/I driven translation begins with imatinib, or Gleevec®, and will expand into other drugs and indications – specifically to other oncogenes with different activating mechanisms. Gleevec®was developed by NOVARTIS with initial collaborative input from the first structure (PKA), which is referred to as the "Rosetta Stone".
Our developments are described in detail in five sections, which incorporate the translation of cancer patients' clinical responses from our database, into our crystal structures library, wherein our pattern-matching algorithm and machine-learning capabilities are embedded. DNA SEQ's technology consists of interlocking technologies that form a fully integrated a DxRx platform, which enables DNA SEQ's novel diagnostic prediction of an optimal treatment, and DNA SEQ's precise three-dimensional templates for our drug discovery program.
Part one describes the internal geometry of the roto-translation movement of PKA domains during the binding of ATP and the release of ADP. Two positions, or states, of the domains, are defined wherein the DFG control of the movement is turned off as the phosphate on the activation loop is permanently anchored. An inhibitor protein must be present to turn the kinase activity off.
Part two describes the internal geometry of the roto-translational movement during signaling and how that movement is controlled by the DFG pattern. Using 2138 crystal structures, the internal XYZ kinome geometry, and machine learning we have derived the function, which describes the "dynamics" of the DFG pattern. Utilizing that function, we have identified 508 structures with the DFG INTER conformation.(Patent #10,093,982 and U.S. Patent #10,392,669)
Part three describes the synchronization of the entry of ATP and the target protein. Our machine learning derived function for our analysis of the "dynamic" motion of the DFG controlling the ATP's entry also provides the key for synchronizing the DFG motion with the dynamics of the activation loop. The activation loop is the entry point for the target protein. The bound chemical "fragments" (including ATP) to the DFG INTER results in shortening one of the axes (Y axis) of the XYZ geometry of the kinome.
Part four describes our process of "translating" treated cancer patients' genetic clinical responses into the XYZ kinome geometry of the motion of the DFG control and the control of the entry of the target protein. We have identified, in three-dimensional space, several amino acid patterns within the ATP binding cleft. These amino acids are characterized by extremely high amino acid variability among many kinases. Within this region, we have identified "two pivots" on the Y axis of the XYZ geometry of the kinome. At the one of the pivot points that govern the roto-translational movement, many cancer patients, that have been treated with different drugs for different indications, have developed a drug resistance mutation. This finding enables us to provide a highly precise predictive tool for this diversity region, which frequently leads to drug resistance to kinase inhibitors that have been designed to identify the "specificity pockets" within the ATP binding cleft.
Part five describes the practical application of our platform in the case of one specific oncogene. In this oncogene as we have shown that both classes of inhibitors, DFG IN and DFG OUT, are missing the real target, which is the DFG INTER which has very different "specificity" since the DFG dynamics of the two domains can create a myriad of "packets" of specificity. "Specificity pockets" of the DFG IN are different than "specificity pockets" of the DFG OUT, and are therefore different than the "specificity pockets" of DFG INTER. In this oncogene, the DFG INTER (and activation loop INTER position), the bound ATP derivative, which has no ability to transfer phosphate, is positioning its gamma phosphate precisely onto the in-line position for attack into the incoming target protein. Drugs binding to either the DFG IN or DFG OUT invoke drug resistance for a spectrum of cancer patient mutations that mimic the high diversity region of this oncogene – including the Y pivot of the XYZ kinome geometry. Our analysis was done for one specific cancer activation mechanism. Each oncogene, with a different activation mechanism has to be analyzed. To enhance and accelerate this broad analysis, DNA SEQ has developed two highly precise tools that enable predictive diagnostics for the drug resistance mutation profile, and a novel template targeting the DFG INTER conformation.\
- PART ONE: INTERNAL GEOMETRY OF KINOME
- PART THREE: MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM REVEALS THE MECHANISM OF ENTRY FOR ATP AND THE TARGET PROTEIN
- PART FOUR: EVOLUTION OF KINOME ATP BINDING CLEFT AND DRUG RESISTANCE
- PART FIVE: PIPELINE OF ACTIVATED ONCOGENES