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Persistence is the Key
, 24 Jan 2013 Ms-PL
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Tutorial for using the Calvin C++ persistence library.
-- Calvin Coolidge
Calvin is a C++ persistence library or framework that allows programmers to easily save and load objects using keys. Objects are associated with a user configurable type of key that can be used to name objects specifically and save them or load them by that name.
This feature is the primary distinguishing difference between Calvin and the many other persistent libraries.
A quick snippet shows what this means:
// archives hold named objects like a database
filesys_archive ar( "../data" );
// name of the variable c is "c"
boost::shared_ptr c( new C( "c" ));
// save the object c );
// delete the object c
// load it from the archive
c = ar.load( "c" );
Calvin has most of the features you would expect in a persistence library. It's relatively painless to add persistence to your objects, with the only overhead being the addition of the name member to your objects. The above snippet uses a string, but virtually any value type1 can be used as a key.
This article assumes a working knowledge of C++ and how to use templates. The accompanying code has only been tested on VC 7.1, though I suspect it would work on either the Comeau or GCC 3.3+ compilers. It also requires the Boost libraries 1.31 or greater to be accessible.
There are many persistence libraries available for C++ programmers, so why write another one? The short answer is that no library had the features I needed and to revise any of them would probably have taken more time than rolling my own. Calvin isn't a large library.
That's not to say that I don't owe those other libraries an intellectual debt. Calvin builds on their ideas to enable the features that I needed. Perhaps you might need these features as well.
As you can see in the above snippet, Calvin allows a programmer to name instances and then save and load them. Of what value is this feature? To see the difference, consider what most other persistence frameworks do (or don't do as the case may be).
Other persistence frameworks are little more than serialization of an object into an alternate form. This is good for allowing an object to be sent across the wire or simply dumped to disk. But what if that object contains references to other objects? Usually these contained objects are serialized as well within the original object. Say you have objects A, B and C. B contains a pointer to A, as does C.
Figure 1 A is shared by B and C
You serialize B, it in turn serializes A and both are dumped to their store. You do likewise for C, and all is good with the world.
Figure 2 A is stored with B and C on disk
But what happens when you load B and C from the store? In most libraries, you would end up with two objects of type A that B and C each reference now. How to get around this duplication problem?
Figure 3 A is duplicated when B and C are restored
There are two commonly implemented solutions to this problem.
The first and most common is to require a root object that contains all the objects, such as a document or a 3D scene. This root object is the only object that may start a persistence operation, thereby eliminating the duplicate references outside of a single archive. This really isn't a solution but a constraint to the problem above.
Another solution is to allocate all objects to be persisted from a special pool, and then the pool is what is saved. This really doesn't eliminate the root object, but simply shifts it, making the pool the mandatory root object to be persisted.
Many applications don't find this prohibiting and can operate well within these constraints. Some applications, such as the one I write, share data across documents quite a bit, and if one piece of shared data is updated or changed, that change should be reflected in all the other documents. Calvin's solution is to allow shared instances to be named, and to then save each instance in its own record within an archive.
Therefore, in our scenario above, when B is saved, so is A, but A is stored on its own record and a reference to A is saved with B. Likewise, when C is saved, A is saved and C saves a reference to A. When C is loaded, it loads A. When B is loaded, Calvin notices that A has already been loaded and a reference to A is returned to B, so that B and C once again refer the same object.
Figure 4 A is stored separately from B and C
This type of late binding allows me to write utilities that operate on certain objects, such as a texture, without having to know about which 3d models use it.
Using Calvin
To use Calvin in your own applications, it requires three steps. First you must outfit your classes so that they may be persisted. Second you must name your instances when created. Last, write the code to load and save your objects in the appropriate places in your application. Let's look at how these are done in that order.
A Persistent Class
As nice as it would be to gain persistence with no additional code, C++ just doesn't have the facilities necessary to do it. Some scaffolding is necessary to achieve persistence.
The first question to ask yourself is, if the class must be made persistent in the first place? While lightweight, there is still some overhead involved. If yes, then will it need its own name? If it is an object potentially referenced by more than one object, then yes, it will need a name. Otherwise, it may be persisted inside a containing object (as Figure 2 above).
But what type to use for naming? std::string is my own preferred type, but by the virtue of template parameters, a name may be any value type that may be converted to a string via the << operator. Integers meet these requirements and only add 4 bytes of overhead. And if you keep your integer names as an enum within a single.h file, it is very quick and convenient too. (The test/example program in the accompanying source code gives an example of strings and ints as keys.)
If you're satisfied with your answers to these questions, then comes the relatively painless part of making the class potentially persistent.
// an example persistent class
// 1. include calvin.h
_TAG_ "calvin.h"
// 2. Inherit from calvin::persistent
class A : public calvin::persistent {
 int a;
 float a2;
 double a3;
 struct Aa {
 int a4;
 int a5;
 Aa(void) : a4(4), a5(5) {}
 Aa a6;
 // 3. Default constructor and constructor with the parameter of the key
 A( void ) : a(1), a2(2.0f), a3(3.0), a6(Aa())
 A( const std::string& name ) :
 persistent(name), a(1), a2(2.0f), a3(3.0), a6(Aa())
 virtual ~A( void )
 // 4. serialize method (used for both reading and writing)
 template
 Stream& serialize( Stream& s, const unsigned int version )
 return s ^ a ^ a2 ^ a3 ^ a6.a4 ^ a6.a5;
 // 5. friendship of allow_persistence
 friend calvin::allow_persistence;
 // 6. version of the class
 static const int version_ = 1;
As you can see, making a class persistent is simple. Five alterations and your class is ready to be saved to or loaded from an archive (which we will discuss further below).
 1. calvin.h contains all the code necessary to make a class persistent.
 2. The class itself must then inherit from calvin::persistent with the template parameter being the key type that names the object. Requiring inheritance rather than just using convention does two things; it provides the necessary base variable _name, as well as type information used by the library to know how to handle objects, whether they should be written as part of their containing object or handled as independently named objects.
 3. The class is required to have a default constructor (one with a parameter list of type void ) and one that takes a single parameter of the type used as a key. These are used by the library when restoring objects from persisted state.
 4. The workhorse of persistence is the serialize method. The same method may be used for saving and loading through the use of the overloaded ^ operator. As well, the version parameter allows a class to update and change while maintaining backward compatibility. Order is important in this method.
 5. This friendship works around many issues and provides the Calvin library with necessary access to members even if they are private. It's merely for convenience, but is well worth the one line of code.
 6. The version of the class, persisted with the class so that backward compatibility may be preserved.
There are some additional features of the library that can be used in place of the steps above, usually to solve specific problems that the more general features might not allow.
It is a matter of convenience that the library allows you to use a single method for saving and loading objects. Sometimes this is not practical


1969 Photo Contest, Others, Stories, Individual awards
Leif Engberg
Dagens Nyheter
01 May, 1969
The papyrus boat 'Ra', based on ancient Egyptian drawings, sets sail from the old Phoenician seaport of Safi, Morocco. Norwegian adventurer and anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl attempted to prove that a similar boat could have survived the voyage across the Atlantic. The vessel broke apart a few weeks into the journey, but the following year, Heyerdahl managed to reach Barbados with 'Ra II'.
About the photographer
Leif Engberg
This image is collected in


text: After learning the postmodern lesson that every point of view is partial, we remember how to appreciate what's also true. We graduate from irony. Which performs an essential critical function, and then mostly outlives its usefulness. In a post-ironic worldspace, a sincerely positive conversation is possible. We can speak without a "but," without signaling always that we are cool and hip. Our language can become post-ironic. And then we are freed to say it simply, to speak the most fruitful, sincere and meaningful words we can. A post-ironic worldspace dares to hope, almost as if naive, something like I did on inauguration day in "Obama Consciousness".

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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UmAlQuraCalendar.ToFourDigitYear Method
Converts the specified year to a four-digit year by using the TwoDigitYearMax property to determine the appropriate century.
Namespace: System.Globalization
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public override int ToFourDigitYear(
 int year
Type: System.Int32
A 2-digit year from 0 through 99, or a 4-digit Um Al Qura calendar year from 1318 through 1450.
Return Value
Type: System.Int32
If the year parameter is a 2-digit year, the return value is the corresponding 4-digit year. If the year parameter is a 4-digit year, the return value is the unchanged year parameter.
year is outside the range supported by this calendar.
The ToFourDigitYear method uses the year parameter, the TwoDigitYearMax property, and a year to calculate a 4-digit year. The century is determined by finding the sole occurrence of the 2-digit year parameter within that 100-year range. For example, if TwoDigitYearMax is set to 1429, the 100-year range is from 1330 through 1429. Therefore, a 2-digit value of 30 is interpreted as 1330, while a 2-digit value of 29 is interpreted as 1429.
If the TwoDigitYearMax property is the special value 99, the ToFourDigitYear method ignores the settings in the regional and language options in Control Panel and returns the year parameter unchanged.
The year parameter can be either a two-digit year or a four-digit year. If year is a two-digit year value (less than 100), the method converts year to a four-digit value according to the TwoDigitYearMax value representing the appropriate century. If year is a four-digit year value that is within the supported calendar range, the method returns year unchanged. If year is a four-digit value that is outside the supported calendar range, or if it is a negative value, the method throws an exception.
Supported in: 5, 4, 3
Silverlight for Windows Phone
Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0
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text:
Toward a better understanding of task demands, workload, and performance during physician-computer interactions
Objective To assess the relationship between (1) task demands and workload, (2) task demands and performance, and (3) workload and performance, all during physician-computer interactions in a simulated environment.
Methods Two experiments were performed in 2 different electronic medical record (EMR) environments: WebCIS (n = 12) and Epic (n = 17). Each participant was instructed to complete a set of prespecified tasks on 3 routine clinical EMR-based scenarios: urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia (PN), and heart failure (HF). Task demands were quantified using behavioral responses (click and time analysis). At the end of each scenario, subjective workload was measured using the NASA-Task-Load Index (NASA-TLX). Physiological workload was measured using pupillary dilation and electroencephalography (EEG) data collected throughout the scenarios. Performance was quantified based on the maximum severity of omission errors.
Results Data analysis indicated that the PN and HF scenarios were significantly more demanding than the UTI scenario for participants using WebCIS (P <.01), and that the PN scenario was significantly more demanding than the UTI and HF scenarios for participants using Epic (P <.01). In both experiments, the regression analysis indicated a significant relationship only between task demands and performance (P <.01).
Discussion Results suggest that task demands as experienced by participants are related to participants' performance. Future work may support the notion that task demands could be used as a quality metric that is likely representative of performance, and perhaps patient outcomes.
Conclusion The present study is a reasonable next step in a systematic assessment of how task demands and workload are related to performance in EMR-evolving environments.
Mazur, L. M., Mosaly, P. R., Moore, C., Comitz, E., Yu, F., Falchook, A. D.,... Marks, L. B. (2016). Toward a better understanding of task demands, workload, and performance during physician-computer interactions. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 23(6), _PHONE_. DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocw016


text:
Paul Smith is a Conservator working at State Records NSW
The petition is from 1862 and was initiated in protest to the sentencing of William Spicer, who was convicted for his involvement in rioting against the Chinese community at Lambing Flats gold fields in 1861. The individual collated sheets of signatures were pasted together, 2 abreast and then end to end to form a single 13 metre long document. For storage, the petition was folded in half lengthways, and then compactly rolled over and over.
The problem for anyone who wanted to read the document was that in order to open up the petition, the entire length needed to be unrolled first. Once unrolled, there was the issue of trying to safely open a 13 metre fold! Most of the pages were in relatively good condition, but there were signs of wear and strain due to the way it had been constructed. What was required was to repair the tears and relieve some of the inherent tension, and then to come up with an adequate storage solution.
Because the petition is made up of sheets of paper of varying sizes, getting it all to fit had inherent problems. Slightly larger sheets would be loose and liable to crease when they were stuck to a smaller sheet, whereas the smaller sheet would potentially tear. Also, some of the signatures were pasted underneath corresponding sheets.
The petition was unrolled along a cleared corridor and then three conservators carefully unfolded it. It was then rolled back onto a large cardboard cylinder, where it could be un-wound a little at a time for repair.
Most of the pasted pages needed to be released and re-aligned. Animal glue swells and softens with water, but care must be taken as too much moisture can create further stains or make soluble inks run.
Water was introduced through a membrane that allowed better control over the moisture penetrating the document. The paste eventually swelled and softened enough to be able to lift the pages and re-attach.
Once released, excess animal glue was cleaned and where needed, the pages were flattened and repaired. Then they were finally re-attached using repair tissue and wheat-starch paste. The newly repaired section of the scroll was rolled on a bit further and the repair process continued.
One aspect of being only able to work on a small section at a time was that it made it very difficult to judge the overall alignment of the scroll. Adjusting all of those pages did not make it easy to roll the petition neatly. To give it some room to move, it was inter-leaved with a length of Remay tissue (spun polyester) and loosely rolled onto a cardboard cylinder. A new box was made where the weight of the petition could be held by the edges of the cylinder and not the actual document.
The treatment resulted in the petition moving from within a relatively small file to rehousing it into a rather large and complicated box. Still, at least we can now read what it has to say. And for the record, it seems that the appeal did not work and William Spicer was forced to remain in prison.
Edited to change the title of the post from "Rolling back into history (Conserving an 1862 Lambing Flat Petition) to "Rolling back into history (Conserving a 13 metre petition from 1862)" following information provided by Jean Little and Max Thomas. Both sources noted that while the petition concerned William Spicers' sentence stemming from his conviction for participating in the Lambing Flat riots, the petition itself originated in the Lachlan River Gold Fields and therefore the title was misleading.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
For eg. In the below data, we may not remember the full name of sales person, but we know that her name starts with jac. Now how do you get the sales amount for that person?
SolutionSimple. Use wild cards. Like this:
=VLOOKUP("jac*",$B$5:$E$17,3,FALSE)to fetch the value from 3rd column for the person whose name starts with jac


4 challenges you'll face when making friends in a new country
When you're living abroad away from friends and family, it might be a challenge to get settled and feel completely at home. And without having your family members around, having friends you can talk to would be really helpful especially if you're always feeling homesick. However, some international students find it harder than others to make friends. We identify a few reasons why that might be which most students may relate to.
Entering adulthood
Undertaking overseas study and living abroad for the first time is the first step into adulthood for many young international students. And part of being an adult is to be independent – to try and solve certain problems on your own instead of seeking help from others. The sense of maturity, coupled with newfound independence can make it difficult for students to reach out for help.
Cultural and language differences
International students tend to click more with people from the same country at first because of the same culture and language spoken. But when they mesh with other students both local to Australia and from other parts of the world, cultural and language barriers often make it difficult to find something common to bond over.
Different and busy schedule
During orientation week, you might have made a couple of new friends at the start but as classes start, things may begin to change. Different courses and schedules will inevitably make it harder to catch up. You might not even see them again after orientation. This problem isn't just exclusive to international students and can even happen to locals as well so you may have to get used to the idea of having to look for other friends you can hang out with.
If you do find yourself dating someone else while you're studying abroad, you might think this is actually a great thing. You'll always have someone to keep you company and do things with. But as you spend more time with your partner, you may not feel the need to socialise with new people. A partner is important but so is surrounding yourself with additional company.
A burgeoning sense of maturity and independence can affect our relationship with others. | Photo: Kelly Lam
Solutions: How you can make it easier to connect with others
It's not all doom and gloom however. International students have every chance to make friends and meet new people during their studies as everyone else. We spoke to Trinity College's student counsellor, Anita Krautschneider, who offered her own advice for international students on how they can simply make friends.
1. Find friends who have the same interest with you. Joining school clubs are always the best opportunity to make new friends and build connections. Clubs always have regular meetings and gatherings. So, you can spend time with your like-minded friends.
2. Struggling in finding topics? Share your experience and story with your friends. Because they will respond and talk about their experience as well. It is a great opportunity to make a strong bond because it can build a deeper conversation between you and your mates. Also, sharing experience is better than asking boring questions such as "What class do you have?"
3. Ask your friends to have lunch or dinner together. It is a very good chance for meeting friends because nobody will say NO to food!
4. Volunteer in events. You can always meet people from different schools. It creates wondering memories and it is always meaningful.
5. Don't stick with your partner all the time, give yourself some time to spend it with your friends. They are also the one who support and understand you. Be more aware of the relationship with your friends. Once you break up, you will not have friends you can rely on.
6. Don't need to worry! It always takes times to make friends, especially close friendship.
If you're ever struggling with homesickness or you feel lonely in an unfamiliar environment, hang in there. It gets easier. If you need professional help, seek guidance from your university counsellor.
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text:
Anatomy and Physiology
Quiz 45: Male Reproductive System
The Tightly Coiled Tube of the Epididymis Measures _____ Feet
The tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures _____ feet in length. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20
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Mechanical support and protection for developing germ cells in the testis are provided by: A) tunica albuginea. B) Sertoli cells. C) interstitial cells. D) rete testes.
Which of the following is not a function of testosterone? A) Initiation of spermatogenesis B) Development of secondary male sex characteristics C) Regulation of metabolism D) Inhibition of secretion of gonadotropins
To be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called: A) epiphyseal closure. B) ejaculation. C) capacitation. D) gonadotropin secretion.
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text:
|King Rama IV|
|Reign||1 April 1851 – 1 October 1868|
|Coronation||2 April 1851|
|Predecessor||Nangklao (Rama III)|
|Successor||Chulalongkorn (Rama V)|
|Spouse||Queen Somanas Vadhanavadi (1851)
Queen Debsirindra (1851–1861)
Princess Pannarai (1861–1869)
|Father||Buddha Loetla Nabhalai|
18 October 1804|
Thonburi Palace, Thonburi, Siam
|Died||1 October 1868
Grand Palace, Krung Thep, Siam
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramenthramaha Mongkut Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหามงกุฎฯ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama IV, known in foreign countries[which?] as King Mongkut (18 October 1804 – 1 October 1868), was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, ruling from 1851–1868. He was one of the most revered monarchs of the country.
Outside of Thailand, he is best known as the King in the 1951 play and 1956 film The King and I, based on the 1946 film Anna and the King of Siam – in turn based on the 1944 novel about Anna Leonowens' years at his court, from 1862 to 1867.
During his reign, the pressure of Western expansionism was felt for the first time in Siam. Mongkut embraced Western innovations and initiated the modernization of Siam, both in technology and culture—earning him the nickname "The Father of Science and Technology" in Siam.
Mongkut was also known for his appointment of his brother, Prince Chutamani, as vice-king. Prince Chutamani was crowned in 1851 as King Pinklao. Mongkut himself assured the country that Pinklao should be respected with equal honor to himself. Mongkut's reign was also the time when the power of the House of Bunnag reached its zenith and became the most powerful noble family of Siam.
Early life
Mongkut was the second son of to Prince Isarasundhorn, son of Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (King Rama I), the first Chakri king of Siam, and Princess Bunreod; he was born in 1804 at the Old (Thonburi) Palace. He was later joined by his brother Prince Chutamani, who was born in 1808. In 1809, Prince Isarasundhorn was crowned as Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (King Rama II). The prince himself was nine at the time and they all moved to the Grand Palace.
Monastic life and Thammayut sect
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (April 2013)|
In 1824, at age 20, Mongkut became a Buddhist monk (ordination name Vajirayan; Pali Vajirañāṇo), according to Siamese tradition that men aged 20 should become monks. The same year, his father died. By tradition, Mongkut would be crowned the next king, but the nobility instead put on the throne the influential Prince Jessadabodindra, who was a son of a concubine rather than a queen. Perceiving that the throne was irredeemable and to avoid political intrigues, Mongkut chose to retain his monastic status.
Vajirayan became one of the members of the royal family who devoted his life to religion. He travelled around the country as a monk and saw the relaxation of the rules of Pali Canon among the Siamese monks he met, which he considered inappropriate. In 1829, at Phetchaburi, he met a monk named Buddhawangso who strictly followed the canon. Vajirayan admired Buddhawangso for his obedience to the canon, and was inspired to pursue religious reforms. In 1833, he began a reform movement reinforcing the canon law that evolved into the Dhammayuttika Nikaya, or Thammayut sect. In 1836, Vajirayan arrived at Wat Bowonniwet in what is now Bangkok's central district, but was then the city proper, and became the wat's first abbot (เจ้าอาวาส). During this time, he discovered Western knowledge, studying Latin, English, and astronomy with missionaries and sailors. Vicar Pallegoix of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok lived nearby, the two became close friends, and Vajirayan invited Pallegoix to preach Christian sermons in the Wat. Vajirayan admired Christian morals and achievements as presented by the vicar, but could make nothing of Christian doctrine. It was then he made the comment later attributed to him as king: "What you teach people to do is admirable but what you teach them to believe is foolish."
King Mongkut would later be noted for his excellent command of English, although it is said that his younger brother, Vice-King Pinklao, could speak it even better. Mongkut's first son and heir, Chulalongkorn, granted the Thammayut sect royal recognition in 1902 through the Ecclesiastical Polity Act; it became one of the two major Buddhist denominations in modern Thailand. Chulalongkorn also persuaded his father's 47th child, Vajirañana, to enter the order, and he rose to become the 10th Supreme Patriarch of Thailand from 1910 to 1921.
Reign as king
Accounts vary about Nangklao's intentions regarding the succession. It is recorded that Nangklao verbally dismissed the royal princes from succession for various reasons; Prince Mongkut was dismissed for encouraging monks to dress in the Mon style.
Some[who?] said that, however, Nangklao wished his throne to be passed to his son, Prince Annop, and that he gave his bracelet which had been passed down from Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke to the prince. However, Dis Bunnak switched the bracelet for a forged one, thus preventing Annop from inheriting the throne.
Prince Mongkut was indeed supported by a pro-British, Dis Bunnak, the Samuha Kalahom, or Armed Force Department's president, the most powerful noble during the reign of Rama III. Also some British merchants who were fearful of the anti-West feeling growing during the previous reign, seeing the 'prince monk', Mongkut, who the 'champion' of European civilization among the royal elite, as their new hope.
Bunnak, with the supporting promise of British agents, sent his men to the leaving-from-monk-status ceremony for Prince Mongkut even before Nangklao's death. With the support of powerful nobility and the Great Power, Britain, Mongkut's ascension to the throne was ensured.
After his twenty-seven years of pilgrimage, King Mongkut ascended the throne in 1851, aged 47. He took the name Phra Chom Klao, although foreigners continued to call him King Mongkut. The king was well-known among the foreigners particularly some British officers, as a pro-British. Sir James Brooke, a British delegation, even praised him 'our own king', and showed his support of him as a new king of Siam. Having been celibate for 27 years he now set about building the biggest Royal Family of the Chakri Dynasty. In the "Inside" of the Palace there was a veritable city of women — reports say three thousand or more. They were mostly servants, 'Amazons' for guards, officials, maids and so on, but Mongkut acquired thirty-two wives and by the time he died, aged sixty-four, he had eighty-two children.
His awareness of the threat from the British and French imperial powers, led him to institute many innovative activities. He ordered the nobility to wear shirts while attending his court; this was to show that Siam was no longer barbaric from the Western point of view.
However, Mongkut's own astrological calculations pointed out that his brother, Prince Isaret, was as well favoured as himself to be the monarch. So, Mongkut then crowned his brother as King Pinklao, the second king. As a prince, Pinklao was known for his abilities in foreign languages and relations. Mongkut also raised his supporter Dis Bunnak to Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse (Somdet Chao Phraya was the highest rank of nobility on a par with royalty) and made him his regent kingdom-wide. Mongkut also appointed Dis Bunnak's brother, Tat, as Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Pichaiyat, as his regent in Bangkok. As the result, the administrative power of Siam rested largely in the hands of the two Bunnaks, Dis and Tat.
Upon his coronation, Mongkut married his first wife, Queen Somanat. However, Queen Somanat died in the same year. He then married his half-grandniece,


Biological Information
Sz: 1.8 m. | 5' 11" (head to tail)
Wt: 100 kg. | 220 lbs.
Loc: Pale Shores
Tpt: Predatory
Prd: None
 1. Expired Tools
 2. Report: the Balance of Sea-Dwelling Species
 3. From Sea to Ice
In modern times, avocs and devtalnu have little interaction. In the past, the species were hunted for their tusks for use in weaponry and tools but like many species across Pale Shores this practice has ceased.1 Aside from rare instances of devtalnu traveling inland and hunting river fish, the animals do not compete with avocs for any resource.
Apex predators of the seas cross Pale Shores, devtalnu are named for their large teeth, or tusks. With devtalnu eating sea-based fish in the arm season and akkigavou eating them in the cold season, the two species keep the seas' fish populations under control.2
Devtalnu are large aquatic mammals, with large tusks used to skewer fish and akkigavou when hunting. and four flippers to move in water and on land. The rear two flippers are largely conjoined to make one tail that is more useful for aquatic locomotion than terrestrial. Throughout the year the live in small pods of 5-20 mostly related devtalnu that return to a specific point on the shore. Pairs will mate most years of their 15-20 year lifespan, but pups from each litter rarely survive a full year. Devtalnu seek shelter on islands in the middle of seas as they tend to be warmer without cold air coming down from mountains along the shores.3
Any large body of water is likely home to a few pods, though bodies that shrink and grow seasonally due to mountain ice-melt are unlikely to have any devtalnu. They prefer the large seas, and during cold seasons will hibernate openly on beaches, hardly moving throughout the day.


text:
Kincardine LighthouseKincardine, ON
Built into the bank of the Penetangore River in 1881, the Kincardine lighthouse serviced a busy fishing and local salt shipping industry. This octagonal wooden tower is the only 'downtown' lighthouse on the Bruce Coast. The Kincardine lighthouse stands 24.4 metres (74 feet) tall, and is built above a two-story light keeper's house.
The eight-sided tower rests on a stone foundation. Above the rear-entrance door, the year '1880′ is inscribed in the cornerstone. Barrels of kerosene, used to fuel the lamp, were hoisted up these stairs by the keepers. The tower is capped by a red iron lantern and balcony, painted in the familiar 'lighthouse red'. The first lamp had shutters that rotated by weighted chains to make the light flash. In 1922, the lamp became electrically powered and, today, large lenses rotate around a 500-watt bulb.
- Type of Light:
- Electrically Powered
- 74 ft
- House Type
- Year Built:
Featured Story: "Living in the Lighthouse"
Susan and Jack Westell moved to the Kincardine lighthouse when they were nine and six respectively. Their father Oran was the lighthouse keeper from 1929 – 1955. They moved from just down the road and their dog, Buster, was reluctant to go but eventually they got him to walk down to the lighthouse a little at a time.
During the depression the monthly salary for a lighthouse keeper was $15. Susan remembers receiving 25¢ a week to open and close the blinds in the light room. Her older brother John remembers only receiving 10¢ in his day as blind keeper. The lighthouse was unfurnished when the family moved in so they had to bring furniture with them. In the kitchen they had a coal stove, which was the only source of heat for a long time, and for refrigeration they used an ice box.
- July 1st to Labour Day: 11am to 5pm daily
- _PHONE_, _PHONE_


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Self-handicapping is a maladaptive behavior which undermines students' achievements, but the antecedents of self-handicapping are not well studied in physical education. The aim was to examine the relations of implicit theory of abilities and self-handicapping in physical education. 264 college students, whose mean age was 20.3 yr. (SD= 1.7), completed the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-2 and Self-handicapping Scale for Sport. Analysis indicated entity beliefs positively predicted reduced effort and making excuses. Also, incremental beliefs negatively predicted reduced effort. Results are discussed in terms of implicit theory of ability and self-handicapping. Directions for research and implications are stated.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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Manston RAF base in Kent started life in World War One as a Royal Naval Air Station. At the start of World War Two, Manston hosted a School of Air Navigation but this was quickly moved out. On September 10th 1939, No 3 Squadron flew in equipped with Hawker Hurricanes. Manston was put under the command of No 11 Group Fighter Command. Blenheims were also stationed at Manston in late December 1939. These aeroplanes had been fitted with an early form of airborne radar and it was the task of the Blenheim IV's to find and destroy German planes that were mining the River Thames during nighttime raids.
During the Battle of Britain, many squadrons used Manston as a forward air base. Though under the control of Fighter Command, the only regular squadron based at Manston was No 600, which flew Blenheims. These aeroplanes had suffered greatly at the hands of the Me-109 – the Luftwaffe's mainstay fighter at this time – and had been shifted to nighttime patrols.
The Luftwaffe first attacked Manston on August 12th. Much damage was done to the hangers and to the runways. Spitfires from No 65 Squadron were actually taking off when the bombs first started to hit. However, they found the space on the ground to land once the fighting was over before flying off to their home base at Hornchurch. There were over 100 bomb craters in the runways but they were only out of action for 24 hours before they were deemed useable again.
A second raid on August 15th also left the base badly damaged. Further raids on August 20th, 22nd and 24th nearly destroyed the base. By the end of the raid on the 24th, Manston had no means of communicating with anyone else and the runways were littered with unexploded bombs. It was decided by No 11 Group Fighter Command, that the damage at Manston was so great that the base had to be downgraded to ELG – an emergency landing ground only.
However, repairs were made to Manston and by the start of September the base was back in use on a limited basis. Two Lysanders were based there to support the Air Sea Rescue service at Ramsgate. Spitfires and Hurricanes did start to reuse Manston but only as a forward base before returning to their home base after completing patrols.
After the Battle of Britain, planes based at Manston took part in raids on German shipping in the English Channel. Aeroplanes from Manston accounted for 44,600 tons of shipping destroyed with 27,500 tons damaged. However, the loss of planes was unacceptable and 'Channel Stop' operations were ended.
The runways at Manston were also extended to allow for damaged bombers returning from raids in Europe to make emergency landings.
Manston played its part in the 'Channel Dash' – when three capital ships of the German Navy somehow managed to sail from Brest, through the English Channel and into the North Sea in February 1942. The 'Scharnhorst', 'Gneisenau' and 'Prinz Eugen' were very large targets at sea even if they had air cover. But as a result of many errors all that the three ships had to endure was an attack by Dover-based MTB's, which failed badly and an attack by six Fairey Swordfish armed with torpedoes, which took off from Manston. All six Swordfish were lost with fifteen out of eighteen men being killed. Escorted by just ten fighters instead of the promised sixty, the Swordfish knew their chances of survival were minimal if their attack went ahead. Despite this, their leader, Lieutenant Commander Esmonde led the Swordfish into the attack against the heavily armed and armoured ships. Esmonde was killed and awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross for his heroic leadership.
Manston was considered so important that it was given its own battalion of soldiers to protect it against paratroopers. Manston was also given a very specific role – the defence of Canterbury. As the heart of the Church of England, Canterbury Cathedral held a very special place in many people's hearts. The bombing of the Cathedral was too much to contemplate and Manston was put on standby to protect the city. Leigh-Mallory, head of No 11 Group, sent Hawker Typhoons to the base, which were kept on permanent standby.
Many fighters based at Manston gave air cover for ground troops during the ill-fated Dieppe landings. While the landings at Dieppe led to many casualties, the success in the air meant that Manston fighters accounted for forty Luftwaffe aeroplanes at a loss of nine Spitfires.
Manston became the base for a variety of aeroplanes that were used against Channel shipping and coastal defences. Planes based at Manston also took part in escort duties for bombers attacking Nazi Germany.
In February 1944, Manston became part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force (2nd TAF). The base also had a new elongated tarmac runway, which was more able to cope with the many damaged bombers that were increasingly using Manston as an emergency-landing base.
As with other fighter bases, Manston played its part in the D-Day landings of June 6th 1944. Typhoons from Manston proved a formidable enemy to the German army when it tried to move tanks and other vehicles to the front. Aeroplanes from Manston also took part in 'divers' patrols – attacking and destroying V1 rockets being fired at London.
By the time war in Europe ended, Manston was credited with 234 German planes destroyed, 123 German ships sunk and 161 V1's shot down.


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In One Thousand and One Nights, what is the effect of the narrator of the tales being a woman, and are these stories told from a female perspective?
1 Answer | Add Yours
The tales Scheherazade tells are spoken through a distant objective narrator who doesn't add comments or illumination (the opposite of a Jane Austen written narrator). Therefore the gender of the oral narrator isn't heard in the narrating voice. This is a complex narrator, though, because the frame story tells that Scheherazade is orally telling the tales, nonetheless we are reading the tales as they are being told. As a result, the narrator of Scheherazade's tales comes to us as a written narrator when in fact Scheherazade's tales are oral ones.
The only time Scheherazade's gender is recognizable in the text is during elements that compose the frame story, when she is with the King and her sister and the reader witnesses her while about to begin a tale or having interrupted a tale. At these times, the narrative element becomes more complex because there is a distant third person narrator who is narrating the frame and telling about Scheherazade, as is seen in "The Tale Of The Bull And The Ass."
Since Scheherazade's narratorial voice during the telling of her tales (regardless of the depth of nesting of tales as in "The Tale Of The Ensorceled Prince") is as distant a voice as the frame narrator's, there is no notable difference between the two and therefore no notable gender effect in the narration of her tales. In addition, the tales are told with the perspective on women that was extant during the era of their origination. Therefore scenes are recounted wherein women are beaten by husbands or kicked aside while unconscious by court officials. Women are also represented as sorceress and as those who engage in vile acts. Thus it must be concluded that they are not told from a female perspective, even though Scheherazade is the interior narrator, bearing in mind that the frame narrator who brings Scheherazade to life is of unidentified gender.
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The code and value together are unique, and a composite key is created containing them both.
We load in reference data from an excel spreadsheet, and at some point, there was a code and value pair added to a reference data type which matched exactly with a code and value pair from another reference data type. Attempting to add the second code value pair resulted in a unique key violation.
I needed to add the discriminator column into the composite key. If you're using auto mapping, you'll need to add an auto mapping override. Below is an example of creating a composite key containing the code, discriminator and value columns.
public class ReferenceDataAutoMappingOverride : IAutoMappingOverride
 public void Override(AutoMapping mapping)
 const string uniqueKeyName = "UK_ReferenceData_discriminator_Code_Value";
 mapping.Map(refData => refData.Code).UniqueKey(uniqueKeyName);
 mapping.Map(refData => refData.Value).UniqueKey(uniqueKeyName);


Complete Quizzes
Here are complete quizzes, usually 10 rounds of 10 questions, with a variety of subjects covered. You'll see details of the type of quiz and suggested audience, name and description of the rounds, plus an example round underneath. Included in the zip file are a Word document where each page is split between a quizmaster's set of questions and an answer sheet for your markers, a set of answer sheets for your teams to complete, slips detailing the names of the rounds and finally a score table to collate scores and declare a winner. Finally, everything is in a Word or Powerpoint format to allow you to edit the quiz as you see fit, and I'd encourage you to do so to personalise your quiz night.
Complete Themed Quiz - Colours
Quiz type:
Themed - COLOURS
7 rounds with a colour each - Green, Brown, Purple, Yellow, Red, Blue and Black & White. In each of those, every question or answer contains either the colour of the round or a shade of that colour. There is also a music round, a picture round and a Missing Link round.
10 pieces of music where every title contains a colour, eg 99 Red Balloons
10 pictures of people whose name includes a colour, eg Scarlett Johansson
Click here for the 'YELLOW' round


Black Walnut Information | Evidenced-Based Supplement Guide on MedicineNet.com - Are there any interactions with medications?
Black Walnut
Are there any interactions with medications?
Medications taken by mouth (Oral drugs)
Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.
Black walnut hulls contain a large amount of chemicals called tannins. Tannins absorb substances in the stomach and intestines. Taking black walnut along with medications taken by mouth can decrease how much medicine your body absorbs, and decrease the effectiveness of your medicine. To prevent this interaction, take black walnut at least one hour after medications you take by mouth.
Dosing considerations for Black Walnut.
The appropriate dose of black walnut depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for black walnut. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration


Scientists Estimate How Contagious Zika Virus Is In Colombia To See How Big A U.S. Outbreak Will be : Goats and Soda Scientists estimated how contagious the virus is in Colombia — and that gives us some clues to how it might spread in the U.S.
NPR logo How Contagious Is Zika?
How Contagious Is Zika?
This map shows the predicted distribution of Aedis aegypti, the mosquito that carries Zika virus. The redder the area, the higher the probability. eLife hide caption
toggle caption
No one has a crystal ball, especially when it comes to infectious diseases. But we can get a few clues about what might happen by looking at two factors: how Zika has behaved elsewhere and how similar viruses have behaved here in the U.S.
Let's start with the first point.
Last week scientists estimated how contagious Zika is in Colombia. Specifically, they calculated what's called the reproduction number, or "Ro" (R nought). It's a mathematical term that tells you the number of people who catch the disease from one sick person, on average, in an outbreak.
In Colombia, Zika's Ro was between three and six, scientists at the Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira reported in the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. Each person who caught Zika spread it to about four others during the outbreak.
An Ro of four sounds a bit scary. SARS has an Ro of about four. So does HIV. By comparison, the Ro for Ebola in West Africa was only between 1.5 and 2.0.
So you can see why Zika has quickly swept across the Western Hemisphere, while Ebola pretty much stayed put in West Africa.
"An Ro of four tells you you need to move fast, early on in an outbreak, to break transmission," says Dr. Scott Lillibridge, an epidemiologist at the Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health.
But unlike Ebola, Zika requires mosquitoes to spread it. So the Ro depends largely on the environment: how many mosquitoes there are, how often they get the chance to bite people and how dense the population is. That's why screens on houses, air conditioning and suburban living all cut down on the risk of mosquito-borne viruses.
"Obviously, we're going to do mosquito control here in the U.S. So we're going interrupt Zika transmission," Lillibridge added.
And then Zika's Ro will be much lower in the U.S. than Colombia. How much lower?
For that, let's look at another virus that's closely related to Zika: dengue.
It's spread by the same mosquito — Aedes aegypti — as Zika. And in tropical climates, dengue has an Ro comparable to that of Zika. Just yesterday, the World Health Organization tweeted: "Risk of dengue transmission = risk of _TAG_ transmission."
Each year, dengue sickens millions of people in the Western Hemisphere. But here in the U.S., dengue causes only a sprinkling of small outbreaks.
For instance, this past winter, Hawaii recorded about 250 dengue cases on the Big Island. In 2010, the Florida Keys recorded about 60 cases. And in 2003, Houston had a dengue outbreak, but health officials didn't realize it until a decade later when scientists combed through old medical samples.
"It's true — periodically people come back to the states with diseases, like dengue. And periodically, we have a small outbreak," Lillibridge says. "So why worry about Zika?"
For one big reason, he says: "Zika's effect on unborn children is devastating." Even a single case could be catastrophic for a family.


Diary Study is more of a qualitative study and is conducted over a long period of time by placing a "diary" in consumers' homes. The consumers are then requested to record their observations, experiences while using the product, their activities (what to record is determined by the area of interest).
When to use: Diary Study is a very effective tool used to determine in-home consumption patterns of consumables such as food items, home care items etc. this tool can be used to determine habits, usage patterns, purchase patterns, any changes in consumers' behaviours. For example, if one were to observe the consumers' interaction with Cooking Oil. We will place the diary and ask the consumers to note following:
 1. Quantity used every time they cook a meal
 2. What price they bought at
 3. What quantity was bought
 4. From where did they buy
 5. Do they use different oils for different foods
The study is effective only if it is done for a longer period.
 1. Gives a good understanding on consumers' interaction with a particular brand or household item
 2. We can study multiple categories at the same time
 1. Since it is self-reported study, the behavior is mostly claimed
 2. Consumer may or may not fill the diary immediately and hence may fill diary based on what they may recall. This sometimes may lead to inaccurate data
 1. Panelists need to be trained well before the study is initiated


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Explore Central North Island
Lake Taupo (616 sq km, 185m deep) is itself a geological infant largely created in 186 AD when the Taupo Volcano spewed out 24 cubic kilometres of rock, debris and ash – at least ten times more than was produced by the eruptions of Krakatoa and Mount St Helens combined – and covered much of the North Island in a thick layer of pumice. Ash from the eruption was carried around the world – the Chinese noted a blackening of the sky and Romans recorded that the heavens turned blood-red. As the underground magma chamber emptied, the roof slumped, leaving a huge steep-sided crater, since filled by Lake Taupo. It's hard to reconcile this placid and beautiful lake with such colossal violence, though the evidence is all around: entire beaches are composed of feather-light pumice which, when caught by the wind, floats off across the lake. Volcanologists continue to study the Taupo Volcano (currently considered dormant) and treat the lake as a kind of giant spirit-level, in which any tilting could indicate a build-up of magma below the surface that might trigger another eruption.
The local Tuwharetoa people ascribe the lake's formation to their ancestor, Ngatoroirangi, who cast a tree from the summit of Mount Tauhara, on the edge of Taupo, and where it struck the ground water welled up and formed the lake. The lake's full name is Taupo-Nui-A-Tia, "the great shoulder mat of Tia" or "great sleep of Tia", which refers to an explorer from the Arawa canoe said to have slept by the lake.Read More


Financial Management
Earning constituent trust through donor management software
Donor management software contributes to strong bonds between constituents and nonprofits. Fulfilling expectations on multiple levels earns donor trust and is crucial to the livelihood of an organization. In addition, charities should be going above and beyond to ensure transparency when it comes to financial and ethical motives.
Recent research conducted by BBB Wise Giving Alliance revealed that 46 percent of American donors put their trust in charitable institutions based on the nonprofit's financial situation. This reflects an unbalanced decision-making process on the part of the donors. A well-rounded impression of the work a charity performs, its impact on various communities, the ways in which it governs itself and how it spends its funds should lead to a donor's contribution decision.
"Donors using only one piece of information may have a false sense of confidence," claimed Art Taylor, BBB Wise Giving Alliance's CEO.
The BBB Wise Giving Alliance advocated for nonprofit organizations to provide more accessible and detailed resources for donors during the giving process. The group has developed a list of 20 standards on which they assess nonprofits for constituents looking to fund a cause. These guidelines, along with several additional practices, can help nonprofits increase revenue and build lasting relationships with donors.
Hold the board accountable
BBB Wise Giving Alliance looks for proper board operations when evaluating nonprofits. Routine checks on CEO performance, budgeting decisions and salaries all contribute to a well-run organization.
Create an exceptional website
A nonprofit's website should be visually appealing, easily navigable and informative. It should present all relevant information in an organized manner and make it easy for donors to understand what the group supports, where the funding goes and how they can help. Avoid clumping too much information in one spot; give each topic its own landing page. Be sure to include a call to action in easily located positions on each page.
Tell an effective story
Every charity exists for a reason. Telling stories helps donors better understand the purpose of an organization and its tangible effect on the community. Among the information on a nonprofit's website could be a success story from a person the NPO helped, a first-hand account of a volunteer experience or the benefits of working for the charity from the perspective of a long-time employee. Stories should be informative, emotional and positive.
Establish and post a pledge
Nonprofit Quarterly urged NPOs to develop a donor-centric pledge unique to their organizations. It often helps nonprofit staff stay focused if they have a set of expectations or mantras they can reference when they get stuck or lost. A donor-centric pledge should be a series of phrases and statements, each one contributing to the growth of the charity based on relationships with givers. For example, Nonprofit Quarterly listed the following statements as potential pieces to a pledge:
 - "Any person who chooses to become our donor has enormous potential to assist the mission."
 - "We earn the donor's trust by reporting on our accomplishments and efficiency."
 - "Donors want to have faith in us, and it's our fault if they don't."
These phrases may or may not apply to all NPO pledges. They do, however, represent powerfully motivating ideas that can increase staff commitment to donor relationships.
Aim to inform donors
Philanthropy News Digest encouraged charities to invest in making sure donors are thoughtful rather than thoughtless. In this instance, thoughtless simply means making a donation based on an emotional whim instead of information. Funders should know why they are giving their money to an organization and where it is going.
This is not to say thoughtless donors do not care about the cause. The problem these donors present is that they are short-term givers. It's better to invest in committed and informed funding than rely on spur-of-the-moment contributions. Keep in mind, however, that storing contact information and following up with these emotional funders to better inform them of a mission can lead to a substantial relationship in the future.
Make promises you can keep
Part of earning trust among donors beyond finance is making promises that can be measured and kept. Getting Attention alluded to the mistakes made by the Red Cross during September 2001. In direct response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the Red Cross established The Liberty Fund to assist victims and the clean-up efforts. It turned out that over half of the $564 million raised had been stored away for future needs rather than going to the advertised cause. Misleading donors decreases trust and tarnishes reputations.
Create a financial education system
Nonprofits can also interpret the BBB Wise Giving Alliance research in a way that bends to donor needs. The Catholic Charities of Dallas has established a financial education program called Money Skills for Life that helps people create better lives for themselves by teaching them about fiscal management.
Donor management software provides nonprofits with the tools necessary to build constituent trust in the organization across all fields.


For Immediate Release - April 13, 2011
SJC Rules in Favor of MassDEP's Authority to Protect State Waters
Court Rules that MassDEP Can Limit Cooling Water Withdrawals at Power Plants Such as Entergy's Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on Cape Cod Bay
BOSTON - The Supreme Judicial Court ruled that the state's Clean Waters Act authorizes the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) to regulate power plant water withdrawals to ensure that water quality, including aquatic life, is protected. The SJC issued its decision in Entergy Nuclear Generation Company v. MassDEP, reversing an earlier Superior Court ruling that found that the state statute did not authorize MassDEP to impose restrictions on the power plant's cooling water intake structures, or CWIS, to address the harm to fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms that can result from a power plants' cooling operations.
Power plants, such as Entergy's Pilgrim Station on Cape Cod Bay in Plymouth, withdraw billions of gallons of water from the nation's waterways each day to cool their facilities. The flow of water into these plants traps large aquatic organisms against grills or screens, which cover the intake structures, and draws small aquatic organisms into the cooling mechanisms. The resulting impingement and entrainment from these operations kill or injure billions of aquatic organisms every year and can severely compromise the quality of the water body from which the water is withdrawn.
"We are pleased that the SJC recognized the important role that MassDEP plays in protecting our water resources at these power plants," said Attorney General Martha Coakley. "Congress adopted the current federal permitting scheme to guarantee that states would play an important role in protecting their own waters, and this decision recognizes that the Massachusetts Legislature wisely gave MassDEP the ability to carry out that mandate."
"The SJC opinion is great news for the Massachusetts environment," said MassDEP Commissioner Kenneth Kimmell. "It will allow us to protect the aquatic resources during water intake and we will not be dependent on the federal government to achieve that protection. The court also makes it clear that MassDEP has the authority to protect these resources from emerging environmental threats even if that threat is not specifically outlined in the law."
There is a sophisticated state and federal regulatory framework, known as the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, or NPDES, that is part of a national strategy for addressing water pollution. Because of the potential for severe environmental damage resulting from facilities' cooling water operations, federal law requires that CWISs employ the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact."
The NPDES program is generally cooperatively administered throughout the country by the states and the federal government. While the United States Environmental Protection Agency has delegated to a number of states the authority to administer the NPDES program within their boundaries, MassDEP maintains separate permitting authority under Massachusetts state law. When issuing permits to power plants and other industrial facilities in the state, MassDEP works in tandem with USEPA to issue joint permits to protect the quality of the Commonwealth's waters.
In the lawsuit that resulted in Monday's SJC decision, Entergy, which owns and operates the Pilgrim Station nuclear plant, challenged MassDEP's recently enacted amendments to the state water quality standards, in which the agency asserts its authority to place restrictions on CWIS to protect the designated uses of state waters. Entergy asserted in the case that the state Clean Waters Act only empowers the agency to regulate discharges, and because the intake structures take water in and do not discharge it, MassDEP cannot regulate CWIS.
In defending the regulations, the Attorney General's Office argued that regulating CWISs falls squarely within MassDEP's authority under the state Clean Waters Act to protect the quality and value of the Commonwealth's water resources. The state said that the restrictions should be upheld because the state act unambiguously gives MassDEP the necessary authority to act, and because CWISs are an integral component of the power plant's operations that directly affect the quality and value of the waters from which the cooling water is withdrawn and to which it is discharged.
The SJC decision reverses an earlier decision of the Superior Court invalidating the regulations.
This case addressed the state agency's authority to regulate cooling water intake to protect the quality of state waters under federal and state water pollution control law. The case did not involve issues regarding the safety of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, which are addressed in separate proceedings.
Assistant Attorney General Andrew Goldberg of AG Coakley's Environmental Protection Division is handling the case. Attorney Bob Brown of MassDEP's Office of General Counsel is handling the case for the agency.


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Comparative phenology of Paropsisterna cloelia and Paropsis charybdis in Marlborough
Type of content
Executive Summary: Paropsine leaf beetles (referred to as paropsines) are the most damaging group of eucalypt foliar pests in Australian plantations and elsewhere where eucalypts are grown. Six eucalypt-feeding paropsine leaf beetles from Australia have established in New Zealand (NZ) to date. Paropsis charybdis has historically been the most damaging defoliator of eucalypt species throughout NZ and is currently regarded as the number one eucalypt pest. Paropsisterna cloelia was first detected in March 2016 in New Zealand, in Hawke's Bay. The current known range of Pst. cloelia in NZ spans the central North Island to the upper South Island, including the districts of Gisborne, Taupo, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Marlborough, Nelson, and North Canterbury. The Australian distributions of P. charybdis and Pst. cloelia largely overlap and extend from subtropical Queensland to cool temperate Tasmania. This suggests a similar climate tolerance of the two species. Paropsis charybdis generally produces two generations per year in NZ, however, no systematic study of Pst. cloelia phenology (i.e., seasonal presence and abundance of life stages) has been completed. In Australia, Pst. cloelia produces two to five generations depending on climatic region.
This project aims to understand Pst. cloelia phenology in NZ. This contributes to our understanding of the potential risks posed by Pst. cloelia compared to P. charybdis. Moreover, knowledge of a pest species' phenology informs the development and implementation of more effective and efficient control methods, such as integrated pest management and biological control.
A total of 15 assessments were made at regular two-week intervals between September 2021 and March 2022 on Eucalyptus bosistoana at the NZDFI Dillon site in Marlborough. Immature life stages (egg batches and four larval stages) and adults beetles of Pst. cloelia and P. charybdis were counted. Defoliation and the production of new leaves was measure using the Crown Damage Index (CDI) and New Leaf Score (NLS), respectively. The southern distribution of Pst. cloelia along the eastern coast of the South Island was quantified in an ad hoc, opportunistic assessment.
Paropsisterna cloelia clearly dominated P. charybdis on E. bosistoana and accounted for 96% of all immature stages and 88% of all adult beetles counted throughout the sampling season. Both species produced two generations with simultaneous peaks of immature life stages in November and January for the first and second generation, respectively, and the start of a third generation with egg batches again being found in March. The total time that immature stages were discovered in the field differed between species: first Pst. cloelia egg batches were observed on 28 September and first P. charybdis batches on 26 October. At the end of the season, however, immature life stages of both species were still found on the last sampling date on 29 March. The second larval generation was smaller for both species with second-generation last-instar larvae being 35 and 4% of the first generation for Pst. cloelia and P. charybdis, respectively. Additionally, survival rate of last-instar larvae in the first generation was 46% and 88% for Pst. cloelia and P. charybdis, respectively, but only 20% for both species in the second generation. New Leaf Score declined severely from an average of 2 to 0.1 from beginning to end of the first larval generation (November/December), but showed the highest seasonal peak of 2.5 in the middle of the second larval generation (January/February). Hence, food limitation is an unlikely driver of the higher larval mortality. We tentatively attributed low larval survival in the second generation to an increase in predation. Since its first discovery in the South Island in Nelson/Marlborough in 2019, Pst. cloelia has spread by at least 120 km in a direct line southward to North Canterbury.
We conclude that it is likely that Pst. cloelia will establish throughout NZ where preferred eucalypts occur and will dominate or potentially even outcompete P. charybdis. Paropsisterna cloelia has the potential to become a damaging pest to its preferred eucalypt hosts, but it remains unknown whether its abundance and impact on the trees will exceed that previously observed by P. charybdis. The threat that Pst. cloelia may pose to eucalypt plantings in the warm northern regions will depend on a complex interaction between climate, the ability of trees to produce new leaves in response to herbivory, and the strength of top-down control by natural enemies on populations.


text: Cases involving individuals who have been injured in crashes and collisions involving commercial airlines, railroads, oceangoing vessels, and government-operated municipal bus and rail systems. Some of the most common mass transit accidents are caused by sudden starts and stops, speeding, intoxication of operators and slippery floors. Buses are often involved in accidents with other motor vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Trains sometimes come derailed or have toxic spills that affect many people. People who are injured in mass transit accidents may be compensated for their injury, lost income, and pain and suffering.


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Let $A$, be a real $4 \times 4$ matrix such that $-1,1,2,-2$ are its eigenvalues. If $B=A^4-5A^2+5I$, then which of the following are true?
 1. $\det(A+B)=0$
 2. $\det (B)=1$
 3. $\operatorname{trace}(A-B)=0 $
 4. $\operatorname{trace}(A+B)=4$
Using Cayley-Hamilton I get $B=I$, and I know that $\operatorname{trace}(A+B)=\operatorname{trace}(A)+\operatorname{trace}(B)$. From these facts we can obtain easily about 2,3,4 but I am confused in 1. How can I verify (1)? Thanks for your help.
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+1 for showing your efforts. – user1551 Dec 13 '12 at 14:35
The matrix $A$ is diagonalizable, since it has $4$ pairwise distinct eigenvalues. The four conditions you consider are invariant under similarity. So work with the diagonalized form of $A$. – 1015 Jan 27 '13 at 20:54
5 Answers 5
$$\det(A+I)=0 \Leftrightarrow \lambda=-1 \mbox{is an eigenvalue}$$
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The characteristic equation of $A$ is given by $(t-1)(t+1)(t+2)(t-2)=0 $ which implies $t^{4}-5t^{2}+4=0$. Now $A$ must satisfy its characteristic equation which gives that $A^{4}-5A^{2}+4I=0$ and so we see that $B=A^{4}-5A^{2}+4I+I=0+I=I$. Hence, the eigenvalues of $(A+B)$ is given by $(-1+1),(1+1),(2+1),(-2+1)$ that is $0,2,3,-1.$[Without the loss of generality, one can take $A$ to be diagonal matrix which would not change trace or determinant of the matrix. ]So we see that $det(A+B)$ is the product of its eigenvalues which is $0$.. Also we see that trace of $(A+B)$ is the sum of its eigenvalues which is $(0+2+3-1)=4.$ Also, B being the identity matrix, $det(B)=1.$ So the options $(1),(2) and (4)$ are true.
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You need to justify why it is so easy to calculate the eigenvalues of $A + B$. – Zhen Lin Dec 13 '12 at 14:47
Well, perhaps we can pass on to the Jordan Canonical form of $\,A\,$:
$$J_A=\begin{pmatrix}1&0&0&0\\0&\!\!\!-1&0&0\\0&0&2&0\\0&0&0&\!\!\!-2\end{pmatrix}\Longrightarrow B=J_A^4-5J_A^2+5I=\begin{pmatrix}1&0&0&0\\0&1&0&0\\0&0&1&0\\0&0&0&1\end{pmatrix}$$
We can do the above since determinant and trace are invariant under similarity.
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I had just been answering a question about "without loss of generality". This is a nice example. Since $A$ is diagonalisable (it's characteristic polynomial is $(X+1)(X-1)(X-2)(X+2)$ which is split without multiple roots), we may assume without loss of generality that $A$ is diagonal (do a base change to a basis of eigenvectors, which changes neither determinants nor traces). You can do that case explicitly by computation.
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Just to note the following points:
Let $A_{n\times n}$ be a matrix with eigenvalues $\lambda_{1},...,\lambda_{n}$ and $f(x)$ a polynomial. Then $$\det(f(A))=f(\lambda_{1})...f(\lambda_{n})$$ and $$\text{trace}(f(A))=f(\lambda_{1})+...+f(\lambda_{n})$$
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text: Fort Abraham Lincoln was built on the west bank of the Missouri River. Very nearby was the infantry post, Fort McKean. Fort Abraham Lincoln was commanded by Colonel George Armstrong Custer until his death in battle in June, 1876. Custer led important expeditions to support the Northern Pacific Railroad survey and to the Black Hills from Fort A. Lincoln. Fort Lincoln did not have a stockade fence around it. The original fort and buildings at Fort Abraham Lincoln were disassembled in 1894. A reconstruction of the Custer House was opened to the public in June 1989.


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A belief system.
One who accepts Physical Evidence And Reasoned Logic, (P.E.A.R.L). By default, the individual is not religious and has no faith. However, they have set up a belief system exclusively based on the principal of P.E.A.R.L: The belief follows the evidence, not the other way around.
Most Pearlians are generalized of having the following principals derived from P.E.A.R.L:
1. Evolution is not theory by colloquial means of the word theory. Evolution is both a theory and a fact, but a theory in the highest order of scientific proof.
2. God is not a personal god. God however, is any one thing and/or more than one thing that created the known universe. Be it a foreign civilization, or the big bang. By this definition, god may not exist at all.
3. If evidence exists the Pearlians will follow no matter where the evidence leads.
person 1: Your an Atheist, so you have no beliefs? Like you don't believe anything?
person 2: No, I'm a Pearlian. I don't believe in a deity, I'm an Atheist, but I do have beliefs.
person 1: Do you believe in unicorns?
person 2: I'm a Pearlian. Therefore unless there's evidence, no.


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The ocean has been assumed as the main sink of microplastics (MPs), however, soils may also receive MPs from different sources and through different pathways, which may affect the biota and their role in soil functions. To the best of our knowledge, only one study, until now, reported the effects of MPs on the survival and fitness of soil organisms (Lumbricus terrestris). In our study, epigeic earthworms, of the species E. andrei, were exposed to different concentrations of MPs (0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg soildw) in an OECD artificial soil and tested for reproduction, survival and growth of adults, following a standard protocol. The size of the polyethylene MPs to which earthworms were exposed ranged between 250 and 1000 μm. No significant effects were recorded on survival, number of juveniles and, in the final weight of adult earthworms after 28d of exposure, to the different concentrations of MPs. Nevertheless, FTIR-ATR of earthworms and histopathological analysis of the gut provided evidences of damages and immune system responses to MPs.
A. Rodriguez-Seijo, J. Lourenço, T.A.P. Rocha-Santos, J. da Costa, A.C. Duarte, H. Vala, R. Pereira, Environmental Pollution, Volume 220, Part A, January 2017, Pages 495–503


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Water at the heart of science
From the Mediterranean basin to the valleys of the Andes, the exhibition "Water at the heart of science" presents some of the main French research projects in the field of water. Richly illustrated and educational, it leads to a better understanding of the role of research in the sustainable management of water, a vital resource that is essential to development.
The exhibition was prepared for the International Year of Water Cooperation 2013. It is co-produced by the Institut Français, the IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement) and the Centre de Culture scientifique et technique de la région Centre. Premiered at UNESCO for the official launch of the International Year for Water Cooperation, it will be shown around the world throughout the year in the institutions of the French cultural network.
|Type of Event||Exhibition|
|Start||11.02.2013 08:00 local time|
|End||11.02.2013 17:00 local time|
|Date to be fixed||1|
|Focal point||Kavuma Lwanga, Barbara|
|Street||7, place de Fontenoy|
|Room||Foyer Room I|
|Permanent Delegation Contact||Permanent Delegation of the French Republic to UNESCO|
|Language of Event||English, French|
|Estimated number of participants|
|Link 1||Launch of the International Year of Water Cooperation 2013|


text:
Alexander Spotswood (_PHONE_) was the lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1710 to 1722. The nominal governor, George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, never visited the colony, leaving Spotswood in control as one of the longest acting governors of the colonial period. Under his direction, the Tobacco Act of 1713 was passed, requiring the inspection of all tobacco intended for export and the destruction of tobacco not meeting government standards.
Like the other Crown-appointed governors to Virginia, Spotswood spent his term in office wrestling with the wealthy planters that dominated the House of Burgesses for political control of the colony. He attempted to court small farmers by proposing measures that would have forced large planters to put portions of their uncultivated land onto the market. But his proposal was defeated. He then took the opposite course and attempted to raise the property requirement for voting. Members of the House of Burgesses used this to portray him as an enemy of representative government. Spotswood was forced to resign in 1722.


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03 January 2020
There are compelling economic, social, political and environmental drivers for a global response to plant health challenges, based on science and international phytosanitary standards, writes Ron van der Ploeg.
Dr. Arop Deng, integration and support team leader of which the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) Secretariat believes that the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH) 2020 is a once in a lifetime opportunity to raise global awareness on how protecting plant health can help end hunger, reduce poverty, protect biodiversity and the environment and boost economic development.
The voracious appetite of microscopic aphids devastating vines in 1881 was the catalyst that forms the phytosanitary standards which the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) champion today. Phylloxera vastatrix was the bug to spark the first international agreement nearly 139 years ago, which describes measures to be taken against plant pests. What followed was the International Convention for the Protection of Plants developed by the International Institute for Agriculture in 1929 and the IPPC that came into force in 1952, replacing the earlier international agreements in the field of plant protection. The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations (_PHONE_) and the subsequent establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 marked important milestones for the concept of the trans-boundary movement of plant and plant product. In 1997, the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) was established. Considering its timeline, IPPC has come a long way.
Meanwhile, insect pests (phytophagous and vector type ones) and pathogens are a global concern for the world's plants. All countries are affected, and most are potential sources of new invasive insect pests. Commenting on the major factors implicated in the spread of pests and diseases, Deng says, "These factors include globalisation and trade as promoters of increased movement of people and goods across various countries and continents. In addition, climate change that impacts the distribution of flora and fauna in various ecosystems, the use of production systems that are not environmentally friendly, as well as the reduced resistance and resilience of plants to pests and diseases are among the major contributors to the introduction and spread of pests and diseases."
The financial toll of pests and diseases is massive. On a global scale, plant pests alone are estimated to cause annual crop loss of 10- 16% while pests and diseases are estimated at 20- 40%, according to FAO estimates.
"In terms of economic value, plant diseases alone cause a loss of USD 220 billion in trade on agricultural products annually, while USD 70 billion in loss is attributed to invasive insects alone. In 2017, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a lethal pest affecting potatoes, caused USD 3.2 million of economic loss in China. In 2016, an analysis of 1,300 known invasive pests and pathogens had an estimated potential cost of global agriculture standing at more than USD 540 billion annually. These monetary indicators are even more significant if we consider that plants account for over 80% of human food," notes Deng.
Climate change affects plant health and vice versa, he stresses. "Plants are essential for life on earth. There is a mutual relationship between plant health and climate change as they affect each other irreversibly.
It is well known that plants provide most of the oxygen we breathe. If they are affected or infected, the supply greatly reduces, leading to ozone depletion and rising temperatures. This becomes a recipe for climatic catastrophes: unpredictable cycles of flood, drought, cyclones, El Niño, among others, which affect resilience, livelihood and socio-economic development of rural communities mostly in developing countries," says Deng.
Plant pests may be easily transported from one country to another in our globalised and interconnected world where countries mutually exchange enormous flows of people and commodities daily.
Deng adds: "Similarly, eradication of poverty and hunger are Objectives 1 and 2 of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. The IPPC community is about to endorse the IPPC Strategic Framework 2020-2030 during CPM-15, in March and April 2020. The UN General Assembly declared 2020 the International Year of Plant Health. Considering the figures I mentioned previously and these international initiatives, it is easy to deduce that the political and social impact of plant pests is already evident to the international community and this translates into national legislators addressing this issue eventually."
Plant health can never be high enough on the agenda of politicians. It should always be a national priority, "but the political discourse at the national – or at the EU level is entirely in the hands of country representatives, be it heads of state or government or parliamentarians at any level," adds Deng.
Plant health has its roots in science. Deng says, "Forging common ground is essential to preserve the world's plants from pests. The national, regional and international harmonisation of actions to prevent pest spread through the implementation of IPPC Standards is a science-based approach. It has always been a priority for all IPPC Contracting Parties, 183 currently. The hundred-plus International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) are hard proof of the long-standing global commitment to prevent pest outbreaks."
A pro-active pest management approach requires constant vigilance at every level. Growers, traders, gardeners, foresters and farmers all need to be on the lookout in the field for the first signs of disease. The question arises how IPPC, finding itself on top of the pyramid, can give the issue the prominence and priority it deserves?
Deng says, "IPPC – the International Plant Protection Convention – is an international treaty that aims to secure coordinated, effective action to prevent and control the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products. The IPPC is part of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement as a result of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations. Besides the ISPMs, the IPPC Secretariat has coordinated the development and published 18 guides, 24 factsheets, nine brochures and ten training kits to provide its 183 contracting parties with the necessary tools to prevent the outbreak of plant pests and diseases.
Furthermore, the IPPC Secretariat is actively building phytosanitary capacity through training workshops and seminars, so that the IPPC community can perform phytosanitary functions effectively to make trade sustainable and safe."
One other way is to create awareness among the stakeholders (growers, consumers, traders, civil society organisations, academia governments and public) on the importance of plant health so that each one of them can voluntarily play their role. "The IPPC Secretariat is doing just that in collaboration with National and Regional Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs and RPPOs). Internationally, the IPPC community needs to continue forging strong alliances with its networks, NPPOs, RPPOs, FAO's offices and partner organisations to continue working together to facilitate the implementation of the Convention, its standards and CPM recommendations," says Deng.
'On a global scale, plant pests alone are estimated to cause annual crop loss of 10- 16%'
To minimise further introductions and spread of devastating pests and diseases, the eradication of plant pests and diseases in territories where they were not detected previously is a challenging but not impossible task. Deng says, "For that reason, prevention is paramount. And the role of the IPPC and its international phytosanitary standards become critically essential. I do believe that promoting good practices amongst citizens and travellers is also very important to attain this goal. Training people to pay attention when travelling or buying phytosanitary products online is crucial to avoid pests spreading worldwide and minimise the risk of their introduction into new areas. Building capacity of the plant protection community to effectively implement standards, empowering academia and research organisations to produce relevant technologies and tools for prevention and control are essential parts of practices to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases into new areas."
To resolve the dilemma between best-protecting plant health while facilitating trade, Deng thinks that finding a balance between preventing pest introduction and safe trade is at the core of the IPPC mandate. Deng says, "Cooperation at a national, regional and global level is of vital importance to meet halfway and assure plant health while facilitating trade. As we know, many countries depend on trading large quantities of plants and agricultural products, such as grain, fruit, flowers and vegetables. Yet trade could introduce and spread plant pests and diseases and as such, threaten natural plant resources. Effectively implementing the IPPC and its international standards for phytosanitary measures can help find that steadiness. The IPPC provides globally harmonised guidance for countries to manage pest risks, thus effectively ensuring safe and efficient trade."
The concept of Coordinated Border Management (CBM) espoused by the World Customs Organisation (WCO) and its Permanent Technical Committee (PTC) composed of representatives from Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), International Organisation for Migration (IOM), International Animal Health Organisation (OIE) and IPPC Secretariat provides a partial answer to the dilemma. Besides the promotion of risk management referred to above, the use of electronic documentation and strengthening interagency collaboration can go a long way in striking an amicable balance between these two global activities.
2020 is the International Year of Plant Health which coincides with the introduction of the EU's new plant health regulations and the plant passport. "The IPPC Secretariat welcomes any legislation that can support plant health. Nevertheless, this duty falls upon governments, ultimately. In this sense, the IPPC Secretariat maintains its objective role by providing the best, science-based


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"The Gendered Body in the Qing Courtroom," Journal of the History of Sexuality, 22: 2 (2013) [Special Issue: Sexuality in Imperial China], pp. 281-311.
This article presents a variety of court cases, including homicides and marriage disputes, from eighteenthand nineteenth-century China in which magistrates scrutinized bodies for evidence about gender performance. In order to judge these cases properly, magistrates needed to find out whether the persons under scrutiny were physically capable of normative gender roles or had violated the rules governing such roles; their judgments aimed to repair kinship networks and reinforce patriarchal hierarchies. These boundary-crossing "hard cases" help us understand the complex interweaving of bodily sex and social gender in the Qing: they provide insight into how magistrates (as well as midwives and others who gave evidence) would interpret the body in terms of what society demanded of it.


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The human animal-Listening and speaking
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to understand a listening text DVD in the context of a ritual and human behaviour, listening for gist and detailed information.
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to discuss and talk about some gestures in Turkey "speaking skill". To provide fluency speaking practice in a group work activity.
Procedure (33-44 minutes)
Teacher will ask students some questions about ritual in Turkey.I will raise their interest in the topic which.Then the teacher will ask students some questions in terms of behaviour.1- What kind of ritual can you see in each photo?2- How well do you think the people know each other?3- Do you do anything similar in your country?
Teacher will elicit some vocabulary relating to the gist and specific information questions using some pictures Students will work in pairs to know about the topic and know the new vocabulary.How many different ways of shaking hands do you know?How do you express "you're crazy"?
The task before listening for gist will be answering two questions:How many different ways of shaking hands do you know?How do you express "you're crazy"?.Then I will play the DVD and the students will complete each sentence with a number
To provide students with more challenging detailed reading for specific information. They have to read eight questions, first before I play the DVD, They have to listen again and answer the questions.I will tell them if you need to stop the video ell me loudly stop to give them enough time for writing the answer.After they finish, I will check their answers in pairs and I will take feedback from the whole class.
Teacher will ask students to answer questions to be asked with your partner.Teacher will tell students about a personal ritual of his own. Students will answer the questions and check in pairs after that they will ask speak during a discussion.Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1- Do you have any customs or rituals that are particular to your family or that are typical in your culture? Think about holidays, birthdays, particular days of the week, food and drink.


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ITS Tool allows you to translate your XML documents with PO files, using rules from theto determine what to translate and how to separate it into PO file messages.
PO files are the standard translation format for GNU and other Unix-like systems. They present translatable information as discrete messages, allowing each message to be translated independently. In contrast to whole-page translation, translating with a message-based format like PO means you can easily track changes to the source document down to the paragraph. When new strings are added or existing strings are modified, you only need to update the corresponding messages.
ITS Tool is designed to make XML documents translatable through PO files by applying standard ITS rules, as well as extension rules specific to ITS Tool. ITS also provides an industry standard way for authors to override translation information in their documents, such as whether a particular element should be translated.
Colophon: ITS Tool is free and open source software under the GPL 3. You can modify it and redistribute it all you want, provided all changes are under the GPL. The ITS files that ship with ITS Tool may be modified and redistributed without restriction. ITS Tool is developed primarily by Shaun McCance. Email Shaun at.


Are There Any Harmful Effects of Orgonite
Are There Any Harmful Effects of Orgonite
For many years now, orgone energy has been known as a universal life force that is capable of turning negative energies into positive ones and send it out into the atmosphere. There are various theories surrounding the subtle energies, particularly because there is no scientific method to measure the energy and prove its effects.Generations of people have experienced the effects of subtle energies and have reported about their effects.
Is Orgonite Harmful?
Orgonite is derived from the term "orgone" which was coined by Wilhem Reich. It is a life-force energy which is believed to exist in healthy and stagnant form. The healthy form of energy is known as POR (Positive Orgone Energy) and the stagnant one is DOR (Deadly Orgone).
Orgonite/Orgone Devices are made up of resin, metal shavings and quartz crystals. They are capable of transmuting the negative energy into positive one. Positive energies cause a number of benefits to the surroundings.
 - In human beings, orgonite is known to induce better sleep patterns. The presence of orgonite helps a person to sleep through the night and reduces the number of waking considerably.
 - Orgonites are known to reduce the ill-effects of EMFs. It does not reduce the radiations as such, but can reduce their harmful effects. Orgonites can specifically be helpful; for people who are sensitive to emissions.
 - Orgonites are known to accelerate the growth of plants in many cases. Yet another positive impact of orgonite can be seen on foods. It acts as a preservative and foods remain fresh for longer than usual.
 - Orgonite remove the energy blockages from the body. Once the blockages are released there is a gush of fresh and positive energy, a person feels happy and content.
Just like how too much of anything can be alarming, the same goes with Orgonite. One can have as many orgonite as they wish. But stay alert that you may sometimes experience temporary discomfort, as too much of anything is not good. In the presence of too much energy, the effects can be felt strongly. Hence, it is best to use Orgonite in nominal amounts and make the most of it.
One can benefit their house, workplace, and environment all with Orgonite. In fact, Orgonite have effect on all the living beings, including animals.
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