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The U.S. Territory of Guam is the largest and southernmost island of the Mariana Islands in the North Pacific Ocean. The southern maritime boundary of Guam borders the Federated States of Micronesia, and the northern maritime boundary borders the Northern Marianas Islands. Guam is surrounded by coral reefs near its shore.
What is Guam's maritime history?
Guam's indigenous population, the Chamorros, came to the island about 4,000 years ago from Malaysia. Ferdinand Magellan made the first European contact with Guam in 1521. Spain began colonizing the island in 1668 and it served as an important stop for provisions and rest on the Manilla Galleon trade route between Mexico and the Philippines. In 1898, the United States took control of the island following the Battle of Guam in the Spanish-American War. During World War II, the Japanese invaded Guam in 1941 and treated the people of Guam as enemies in an occupied territory. The United States retook the island in 1944. Following the war, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established the island as a territory of the United States.
What sites are underwater?
Guam's waters are filled with reminders of past military conflicts and naval battles involving the Germans, Japanese, and Americans. There are wrecks of ships, planes, barges, and their cargos and contents including munitions.
One of the most popular dive spots on Guam is in Apra Harbor where shipwrecks from two world wars lie adjacent to each other. The SS Rjasan was a steel hulled passenger and freight steamer built in 1909 for the Russians. The Germans captured the vessel in 1914, renamed it SMS Cormoran, and converted it to an armed commerce raider. From 1914 to 1917, the Cormoran sat in Apra Harbor for lack of fuel. The ship was scuttled by its captain in 1917 to avoid capture by the Americans during World War I.
The Tokai Maru was a Japanese passenger and freight steamer built in 1930. In 1941, the Japanese Imperial Navy re-commissioned it under contract to transport personnel and war materials. The Tokai Maru was anchored in Apra Harbor when, in January 1943, it was torpedoed and disabled by the U.S. submarine Flying Fish. Seven months later, a second U.S. submarine, the Snapper, torpedoed it again, this time sinking it. The wreck of the Tokai Maru lies adjacent to the wreck of the SMS Cormoran in Apra Harbor.
Other World War II underwater sites in or near Apra Harbor include the Japanese transport Kitsugawa Maru, a Japanese carrier dive bomber, and an American concrete barge sunk during the war to act as a breakwater. The Japanese transport Aratama Maru was sunk in 1944 in Talofofo Bay on the southeastern shore of Guam.
Who takes care of Guam's underwater archeological sites?
Primary responsibility for underwater sites falls to the Guam Historic Preservation Office in the Department of Parks and Recreation, which partners with other entities including the Guam Historic Preservation and Review Board, the Guam Museum, and the Guam Preservation Trust. Several other territorial and federal agencies may also have jurisdiction over a particular site.
What permits do I need to study shipwrecks?
Permission is needed from the Department of Parks and Recreation to conduct any type of exploration or recovery operation that may remove, displace or destroy an underwater historic property. Permittees are responsible for obtaining permission of any federal agency having jurisdiction.
Are there any underwater parks in Guam?
The Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources in the Guam Department of Agriculture has established and manages five marine preserves to protect the island's coral habitats and marine life. These marine parks are Pati Point Preserve, Tumon Bay Preserve, Piti Bomb Holes Preserve, Sasa Bay Preserve, and the Achang Reef Flat Preserve. War in the Pacific National Historical Park preserves and interprets cultural resources of World War II at seven units on Guam.
What laws concern underwater archeology in Guam?
There are a number of historic preservation related laws that affect underwater archeology including Public Law 12-126, Public Law 20-151, Public Law 27-89, and Title 21 (Real Property) Chapter 76 (Historical Objects and Sites) of the Guam Code. All government agencies in Guam have the responsibility and mandate to protect and preserve cultural resources under their jurisdiction or control.


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Computer Program Detail Page
written by Drew Onken
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model simulates the path of photons in radiative transport as they escape from the Sun. Photons do not travel in a straight line, but rather collide with larger particles and get redirected. This simulation models that process using a random walk in polar coordinates. The random walk parameters are adjustable to match different models of the structure of the sun, or the user can input their own values.
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model was created using the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) modeling tool. It is distributed as a ready-to-run (compiled) Java archive. Double clicking the ejs_comp_phys_photon_random_walk.jar file will run the program if Java is installed.
Please note that this resource requires at least version 1.5 of Java (JRE).
View the supplemental documents attached to this resource (2)
This model adds the feature of running numerous photons and compiling average statistics for these photons.
download 1133kb.jar
Published: July 26, 2011
View the source code document attached to this resource
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Solar Photon Random Walk:
Is Based On Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool
The Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool is needed to explore the computational model used in the Solar Photon Random Walk.relation by Mario Belloni
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Regression model for leaf area estimation in Ficus carica L.
Leaf area (LA) is an important parameter to elucidate the relationship between plant growth and environment. LA can be measured by direct or indirect methods. In the current experiment, a LA estimation model was developed for common fig (Ficus carica L.) using linear measurements of leaf length (L) and leaf width (W). Leaves from six F. carica cultivars: 'Calabrese Nero', Cipressotto', 'Columbro Nero', Natalina', 'Papa', and San Mango' were used to calibrate the model. Regression analysis of LA vs. L and W revealed several models that could be used for estimating the area of individual F. carica leaves. A linear model having L and W as independent variables provided the most accurate estimate: highest R2 (›0.95), smallest mean square errors (MSE), smallest prediction sum of squares (PRESS), and a PRESS value reasonably close to the error sum of squares (SSE). However, this model required double time for leaf measurement. The model having W as independent variable exhibited also a high accuracy and precision in estimating individual F. carica LA. We preferred this model because of its simplicity and convenience, as it only involves one variable. Model validation was carried out using an independent data set coming from another F. carica cultivar ('Dottato Bianco'). Correlation coefficients showed a strong relationship between predicted and observed leaf area with an underestimation of 6.6%. This model can be reliably adopted without recalibration to estimate LA of F. carica cultivars, non-destructively.
Giaccone, M., Pannico, A., Scognamiglio, P., Rivera, C.M., Cirillo, C., Rouphael, Y., De Pascale, S. and Basile, B. 2017. Regression model for leaf area estimation in Ficus carica L.. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1173:163-168
leaf area estimation, fig, model calibration, model validation, non-destructive measurement

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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709 City Hall
Buffalo, New York 14202
Welcome to the Buffalo Public Schools Budget Department website. Below is a summary of our main responsibilities:
- Manage the annual District Budget process beginning in November of each year and culminating in a Board Approved Balanced Budget during May.
- Administer the Board Approved Budget throughout the fiscal year including:
- Review and process all Budget Transfers.
- Review and process all Unbudgeted Requests.
- Review and process all Staffing changes.
- Monitor all General Fund Projects, including CSP (Community Schools), LEP, MAG and CFE, throughout the year.
- Establish annual amounts of Non Public allocations and monitor spending activity throughout the year.
- Monthly Reporting.
- State Aid and Revenue Maximization including:
- Supervise the processing and submission of all State Aid initial claims, through the SAMS and STAC systems, by September 30th each year.
- Review SIRS data that impacts State Aid prior to August submission deadlines.
- Audit prior year submissions and submit revised claims.
- Obtain reimbursement from other School Districts, Non Publics and Charters for all special education services provided by the District.
- Monitor monthly Medicaid submissions into Kinney System and review data prior to filing year-end report into the PCG system due December 31st.
- Charter Schools:
- There are currently 19 Charter Schools in the District, with over 9,000 Buffalo students attending these schools. The Budget Department is responsible for reviewing the bi-monthly Charter School invoices for accuracy, maintaining these student records in Infinite Campus, and performing annual attendance audits at the Charter Schools. The department is the primary liaison for the Charter Schools and the District.


Do You Need an Offline Messenger for Better Security?
End-to-end encryption works until someone plants a backdoor into a trusted software. Having complete privacy that is 100%-guaranteed is not even an option anymore. Anyone can still have physical access to your computer or mobile device despite you taking all precautions and installing all the cybersecurity software. But what's the solution? Is an Offline Messenger the proper way to solve the issue? Let's find out.
Do You Need an Offline Messenger for Better Security?
An App's Backdoor? What's The Deal?
BackdoorYou cannot know if an application you use does not feature a specifically designed backdoor. That in turn, enables anyone with access to this functionality to access your files and accounts as well.
It is not a problem of the average user being unable to determine whether there is a backdoor or not.
As far as an application is not open source, and most software is not, it becomes a challenge even for professional cybersecurity experts and software developers. They won't be able to find a backdoor in the software for which they do not have access to its programming code.
Many whistleblowers around the world have firsthand experience with the matter. Third-parties intercept and track their communications through the exploitation of backdoors or malware installed on their device.
Only then comes the problem with government agencies being able to prevent access to certain social media platforms or online communication channels altogether.
Recent protesters in Hong Kong experienced all of the above problems and come to a solution that might work.
Trade the Internet for Secure Communications
Protesting Hongkongers realized their messaging apps are being snooped on. That's when they decided to go off the grid to exchange messages without someone tracking them.
The solution comes with peer-to-peer mesh networking apps. We're talking about the likes of Bridgefy and FireChat. These apps do not rely on the Internet to send and receive messages.
These apps work by utilizing communication protocols like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi phone radios. However, you can only communicate directly with other devices within short ranges of "between 60m to 100m".
Using this technology, you can relatively fast send and receive messages in crowded spaces such as a modern megapolis. If you're using mobile network and a sudden blackout occurs, it won't affect you.
The method works for both public and private chat groups. Well, you must have a critical number of devices running the respective messaging software to operate.
For a public chat group, it could take some time until the message is delivered over long distances. Mainly, it's because you need devices to be in physical proximity – but it still works.
How Wi-Fi Direct Works
You can replace office devices with smartphones, by the way. In the infographic below, you can get an idea of how Wi-Fi Direct works for online messaging.Wi-Fi Direct
It is actually a very secure method to exchange messages. The users in the middle do not have access to your message and their device transfers it automatically.
The person acting as an intermediary does not have to be in your contact list; the messaging application is not peer-to-peer communication but instead creates a mesh network to exchange messages.
Evidently, this is not a method for secure communication over very long distances in real-time. However, it is independent of any Internet servers or network servers, as your message is transmitted via radio waves or Bluetooth.
You still have no complete security to the extent that any end-user device can be compromised. But you do have the ability to exchange messages privately without relying on popular social networking apps such as Facebook, WeChat, Telegram or Skype. Even you have no Internet access altogether, you still can use such a messaging app.
Are Offline Messengers Secure?
Offline LogoBefore we answer this question, we need to know the difference between a messenger app that is able to send messages without having an Internet connection and a messenger app that does not need an Internet connection to send messages.
WhatsApp, for instance, is a messaging app that saves the message locally on your device.
After that, it tries to connect to the WhatsApp servers to send it when you have a connection to the Internet.
Then, it tries to send the message repeatedly until the intended recipient connects to the Internet and gets your message.
This is an offline messaging service in the sense that you do not need to be online to send a message. But you need Internet connectivity for the messages to be exchanged, though.
On the other hand, apps like Bridgefy, FireChat, Signal or The Server Mesh do not need the Internet to exchange messages through Peer-to-peer Wi-Fi Direct or Bluetooth.
You only need to find a nearby device that is ready to communicate using one of these protocols and you are good to go.
That said, the chance of someone snooping on your offline messenger that needs an Internet connection to send and receive message is equal to the chance of someone intercepting your communications over any Internet other communication channels. It is not a problem of encryption or security; it is a problem of the very connectivity method.
End-to-end encryption solves the problem of someone accidentally or intentionally reading your messages. However, it does not solve the fundamental problem of exchanging messages when someone turns off the Internet servers within a certain location. Therefore, we go from the problem of privacy to the next level problem where you have the right to communicate.
Alright! But Are They Safe Though?
Let's return to the question of whether offline messengers are safe. The short answer is "no". They are not completely safe even when you are using technology for direct communication between devices.
Mesh networks and technologies for direct device-to-device communication are good in delivering the message. They are as secure as the average messenger you are using to chat with friends and family online.
For instance, you can place a snooping device close to a target and get his or her messages, you can plant malware on a target device, or you can use a backdoor in any other software to take control over a target device. But you cannot prevent a message from being delivered as far as the target recipient has physical access to a mesh network.
Concluding Words
Sadly, people use mesh networks not when the Internet infrastructure is down but to avoid censorship and exchange messages freely. On the other hand, this is not a problem of any technology but of political realities in one part of the world or another.
What you need to know about offline messengers and direct device communication protocols is that they add a little privacy to your communications but do not secure your device against targeted attacks or snooping.
What they also offer is the ability to communicate uninterruptedly even when your Internet connection is down or you do not want to use the Internet. Do you have anything to add? Can you come up with other benefits of using offline messengers? Let me know in the comments below.
Add a Comment


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Grasshoppers boost bass in search for love
Changing tune City grasshoppers are changing their tune in an effort to be heard by potential mates over the noise from their urban environment.
To produce their song, male grasshoppers rub a toothed file on his hind legs against a protruding vein on his front wings.
But the increasing level of noise has over time made it difficult for their songs to be heard by other crickets.
Now a team of German biologists have discovered that the clever insect has found a way to get through the din.
They found that grasshoppers change the song so that it boosts lower-frequency notes, making it audible over the rumble from the road.
Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld captured 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers (Chorthippus biguttulus), half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads.
Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in central Europe.
The male's courtship song consists of up to half a dozen phrases, each about two or three seconds long. The phrase starts with a ticking sound, becomes louder and ends in a buzz.
The team made nearly 1000 lab recordings of each grasshopper, placing a female grasshopper nearby to encourage a serenade.
"Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include lowand high-frequency components," says Lampe.
"We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats boost the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum."
The findings add insects to the list of animals, including species of birds, whales and frogs, that have been found to alter their sounds in order to cope with man-made noise.
The paper appears in the journal Functional Ecology.


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Source: Educational Action Research, Volume 16, Issue 2 June 2008,
pages 235 - 250
This article describes and critically reflects on an action research project used for professional development purposes in a Middle Eastern Gulf State. The aim of the project was to improve professional development experiences for a group of in-service teacher educators, who were English as Second Language advisers.
The initial discussion highlights different ideological and methodological approaches to action research and identifies core characteristics that were framed to evaluate the project. Second, the background to the local context is described followed by the action research project, the methodology and outcomes.
Using an evaluative framework, the subsequent discussion describes the successes of this project. These include encouraging reflection in a collaborative environment, promoting a culture of learning and supporting the participant's reconstruction of professional knowledge situated in practice. Finally, there is a critical reflection around a number of challenges, tensions and questions that emerged from the project, centred on the loss of core democratic values underpinning action research.
These concerns highlight power relationships and the ownership and control of research, which become more apparent in mandatory situations and hierarchical contexts.


Artifacts & Tech
Archaeology, artifacts, technology, architecture
The Ancient Chinese Sword that Defied Time
By Bryan Hilliard - March, 20 2020
In 1965, archaeologists were carrying out a survey in Hubei province, China, four miles from the ruins of Jinan, capital of the ancient Chu state, when they discovered 50 ancient tombs. Inside one of the tombs, sealed in a near air-tight wooden box next to a skeleton, they found a rare and perfectly preserved bronze sword with scabbard. When it was unsheathed, the blade did not have a single trace of rust, and it drew blood when an archeologist tested his finger on its edge; it was seemingly unaffected by the passage of time.
So, Was the Great Pyramid Really a Tomb?
By Andrew Collins - January, 15 2020
What do you think about when you are about to visit the Great Pyramid, one of the most iconic ancient monuments in the world? The answer, as you traverse the uneven bedrock towards its elevated location, is its extraordinary size. However big you imagined it to be, it is never enough to fully appreciate its enormous size.
The Lady of Elche
By M R Reese - August, 24 2019
In 1897, archaeologists uncovered a stunning artifact on a private estate at L'Alcúdia in Valencia, Spain. This find was a statue – a polychrome bust of a woman's head. Believed to date back to the 4th Century BC, the bust features a woman wearing an elaborate headdress. Now seen as one of Spain's most famous icons, the bust is known as the Lady of Elche.
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Magma mixing at the El Hierro submarine eruption
The eruption started from a submarine fissure system on 10 October extending in a N-S direction in the submarine prolungation of El Hierro's southern rift zone, beginning at about 6 km distance from La Restinga at depth of 1000 m, until the closest vent at about 2 km distance and depth of ca. 300 m.
Above the vents, floating (still hot) scoria and bombs of up to 30 cm diamenter were first observed and sampled on 15 Oct.
The shape and texture of these scoria, with quenched surfaces due to rapid cooling with sea water, were similar to the scoria composing the cinder cones dotting the rift zone on land. This suggests that the eruption is a submarine equivalent of basaltic strombolian fissure eruptions.
The fragments were mainly black and of basanitic composition, i.e. extremely poor in silica (even less than basalt). They contain 43‐45% de SiO2 and about 2% of volatiles (H2O, CO2, Cl, S,...) and were erupted at temperatures around 1200 ºC. Their density was about 2,700 kg/m3. A second juvenile magma component was observed as white pumice, often contained INSIDE and mechanically mixed with the black basanite lava: the white lava was analyzed to contain 63-72% silica (i.e. trachyte - rhyolite), 4-5 % volatiles, erupted at 850‐900 ºC and had densities of 2,300 kg/m3.
This felsic (=silica-rich material) was only observed in the first days of the eruption and constituted less than 10% of the total observed magma. The apparent mixing of magma might very well have been a trigger of the eruption.
New research on these floating rocks have shown that these rocks are highly radioactive to their content of Uranium and Thorium. The white part is probably a remain of mesozoic limestone (=skarn?). The white area of the rocks is rich in Uranium. So probably there was a kind of mixture and hydrothermal effects on magma from very deep areas in the earth crust.
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R2. But the longer the error voltage is applied, the more C1 charges, and the greater the voltage at the input of the amplifier. Because of the RC time of the circuit, it takes time for the capacitor to charge to the value of the error input signal. Because of the long charge time of C1, the circuit can not respond instantaneously to a rapid change in error signal.
What this means is that all error signals will be integrated (or smoothed out). The load will not respond as quickly. The inertia of the load will be reduced, and the system will be damped.
The capacitor, by not responding instantaneously to the error signal, causes the damping action. This action is used to stabilize the servo system at the new velocity. By tailoring the stabilization network (through the proper selection of the RC components) to the system's performance requirements and the type of load to be driven, undesirable load or performance characteristics can be minimized.
The various compensating networks that you will encounter will depend on the design of the individual servo system and will be covered in the associated system's technical manual.
In summary, the key to understanding compensating networks is to realize that components are chosen so the capacitor does not have time to charge and discharge in response to large, rapid fluctuations.
Q-15. Error-rate damping is effective because the circuitry has the capability of the amount of overshoot before it happens.
The frequency response of a servo is the range of frequencies to which the system is able to respond in moving the load. It is a characteristic of the system, chosen by the designers so the system will be able to respond to whatever frequencies are expected to be present in the input signal for the particular application.
Oscillating Input Signal
At first, we considered the input order to a servo as being suddenly put at a fixed desired value. Later, we studied the case where the order slowly increased to the desired value. Actually, the input order to a servo in a given application may accelerate, start, stop, or oscillate about a fixed point. We will now consider the actions of a servo while the order oscillates. When the order is constant, oscillations of the load are undesirable. When the order oscillates, the load must oscillate in a similar manner.
Let's assume that an oscillating input signal (order) is applied to a servo. The load may behave in several ways. Ideally, it would respond in perfect sync with the order. Actually, the amplitude and phase of the load are different from those of the order, figure 2-10. As we noted above, the frequency response of the system is normally designed so the load is able to respond to the order.
Figure 2-10.—Frequency response.
A servo may follow the order in amplitude and differ in phase; it may follow the order in phase, and differ in
amplitude; or it may differ in both phase and amplitude.
Bandpass Frequencies in a Servo system
Servos are plagued by noise signals that ride through the system on desired electrical signals. These noise signals cause roughness in the servo system and must be eliminated to obtain smooth servo operation.
By examining the different signals in a servo system, we can determine which frequencies are related
to the movement of the load and which ones are from noise sources, such as static, motors, harmonics, and mechanical resonances.
Filters in the signal circuit can be used to shunt some of the unwanted frequencies away from the amplifier, and allow only those frequencies that represent load movement to enter the amplifier. This can also be accomplished by designing the BANDWIDTH of the servo amplifier to accept only the range of frequencies that represents valid servo signals and to reject all others. This smooths servo response, but has the drawback of reducing amplifier gain. Reduced amplifier bandwidth is another compromise in achieving optimum servo operation.
Q-16. In a properly designed servo system that has an oscillating input (order), what should be the response of the load?
Q-17. What is the advantage of designing a limited bandwidth into a servo amplifier?
SERVO COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS
In this section we will discuss the circuits and components that make up a typical servo system. We cannot
cover all possible servo applications here because of the vast number of servo system configurations. The circuits
and components discussed in the following pages are the most commonly used and represent a broad view of the
systems used in the Navy today. We have not attempted to put the units into any rigid classification system. We
will mention some of the more common terms used by manufacturers and the Navy to classify the devices to
familiarize you with the wide variety of nomenclatures.
We will be covering much of the electronic application without discussing the theory of the units. You may want to review some of the applicable NEETS modules or other sources before or during this discussion. You will find that much of the material necessary to understand these subjects is contained in the basic theory of electricity and electronics.
A position sensor is a device that changes a mechanical position into a voltage that represents that position. The output of a position sensor can be either ac or dc voltage. There are many different kinds of position sensors. In the last chapter you learned about the CX, a synchro device that represents the position of its rotor by a voltage on its stators. You saw a CX used as a position sensor in a servo system earlier in this chapter. Other devices can be used as position sensors. The potentiometer is one of these devices.
Potentiometer position sensors are generally used only where the input and output of the servo mechanism have limited motion They are characterized by high accuracy and small size, and may have either a dc or an ac output voltage. Their disadvantages include limited motion and a life problem resulting from the wear of the brush on the potentiometer wire. Also the voltage output of the potentiometer changes in discrete steps as the brush moves from wire to wire. A further disadvantage of some potentiometers is the high drive torque required to rotate the wiper contact.
A potentiometer is one of the simplest means of converting mechanical positional information to a proportional voltage. A schematic representation of a potentiometer is shown in figure 2-11.
Figure 2-11.—A potentiometer.
A potentiometer is a variable voltage divider, with an output voltage that is a percentage of the input voltage. The amount of output voltage is proportional to the position of the wiper relative to the grounded end. For example, if the resistance from ground to the wiper is 50% of the total, the output voltage sensed by the load will be 50% of the total voltage across the potentiometer.
A basic, closed-loop servo system using a balanced potentiometer as a position sensor is shown in figure 2-12.
Figure 2-12.—Balanced potentiometer used In position sensing.
The command input shaft is mechanically linked to R1, and the load is mechanically linked to R2.
A supply voltage is applied across both potentiometers.
The system is designed so that when the input and output shafts are in the same angular position, the voltages from the two potentiometers are equal and no error voltage is felt at the amplifier input. If the input shaft is rotated, moving the wiper contact of R1, an error voltage is applied to the servo amplifier. This error voltage is the difference between the voltages at the wiper contents of R1 and R2. The output of the amplifier causes the motor to rotate the load and the wiper contact of R2. This continues until both voltages are again equal. When the voltages are equal, the motor stops. In effect, the position of the output shaft has been sensed by the balanced potentiometer.
Q-18. When the input and output wipers of a balanced potentiometer are in the same angular position, what is the value of the error voltage?
Electrical error detectors may be either ac or dc devices, depending upon the requirements of the servo system. An ac device used as an error detector must compare the two signals and produce an error signal in which the phase and amplitude will indicate the direction and amount of control, respectively, that are necessary for correspondence. A dc device differs in that the polarity of the output error signal determines the direction of the necessary correction. We will discuss in the following paragraphs various devices that are commonly used in servo systems.
Summing networks, as we mentioned earlier, are used as error detectors in servo applications where the servo output must be proportional to the algebraic sum of two or more inputs. A typical circuit is shown in figure 2-13.
Figure 2-13.—Summing network as an error detector.
As in the case of potentiometers, the networks may use either ac or dc voltage, with the phase or polarity of
the input voltage determining whether the signals are additive or subtractive. Refer to figure 2-13. If two input
signals E1 and E2 are applied to the network, the network will provide an error voltage
output that is proportional to the algebraic sum of the two signals. The servo motor drives the load and also a
tachometer that supplies feedback voltage to resistor Rf. Resistor Rf nulls the error signal.
In some installations, the servo motor may position the wiper arm of a potentiometer instead of driving a tachometer to supply the feedback voltage.
The E-transformer is a type of magnetic unit that is used as an error detector in systems in which the load is not required to move through large angles.
In the basic E-transformer shown in figure 2-14, an ac voltage is applied to the primary coil (2) located on the center leg of


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 1. Aliança Underground Museum
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 Aliança Underground Museum
 Telephone: +351 234 732 000/45
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 2. Archaeology
 Anta Capela de Pavia
 Dolmen Chapel of PaviaThe Dolmen Chapel of Pavia, dedicated to S. Dinis (17th c.) is one of the megalithic portuguese monuments adapted to the christian cult. In this case, the chamber was transformed into the nave of the chapel.
 3. Archaeology
 Anta Capela de São Brissos
 Chapel of São Brissos CromlechMegalithic funerary monument that has been adapted into a Christian chapel.
 4. Archaeology
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 Barrocal CromlechCromlech with vestiges of a polygonal chamber and a covering stone slab still found on site. It is located around 200 metres SW from the Monte do Barrocal hilltop farm.
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 Olival de Monte Velho CromlechOne of the stone supports is broken in half and the upper half has fallen inside the chamber.
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 Anta do Penedo Gordo
 Penedo Gordo CromlechA megalithic monument with an average-sized corridor, presenting vestiges of a burial mound, in particular on the Southern side. The polygonal chamber is composed by nine stone supports and the corridor by four stone supports on (...)
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 Coureleiros CromlechThere are five cromlechs located in Coureleiros. This is one of the largest units. Its official scientific designation is "Anta dos Coureleiros II".
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 Dolmen of Zambujeiro in ValverdeIt is the biggest dolmen known in the Iberian Peninsula. The area is 50 m of diameter and it is composed by the chamber, 6 metres high, and a long passage to the exterior. The passage grave it is classified as a (...)
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 Antela da Cruz Vermelha
 Located in the Corno Bico Protected Area, the Antela da Cruz Vermelha (Red Cross Dolmen) has been dated to around 2,500 BC. Circular in form, the Dolmen is made up of a large boulder with a headstone with an engraved cross, painted in red. Part of a (...)
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text: Kids need more than milk to develop strong bones, according to researchers from the Center for Food and Health at the University of Ulster in Northern Ireland. They discovered that 12-year-old girls who ate high amounts of fruit had significantly higher bone mineral density than moderate fruit-eaters (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, vol. 80, no. 4). The alkaline-forming properties in fruits may help with mineral absorption and acid-base balancing, the study suggested.


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|New record prime: 274,207,281-1 with 22,338,618 digits by Cooper, Woltman, Kurowski, Blosser & GIMPS (7 Jan 2016).|
[See also: Where is the next Mersenne prime? ]
Let Mn be the nth Mersenne prime. Take a careful look at the graph of log2(log2(Mn)) versus n. (That is, the logarithm base two of the logarithm base two of the nth Mersenne.)
One can not miss that this graph is amazingly linear. Erhardt (and many others after him) looked at the limited data and guessed that the geometric mean of the ratio of two successive Mersenne exponents 3/2.
Some time later Pomerance and Lenstra each (independently) [Pomerance81, p. 101] suggested this should be 2 raised to 1/egamma or about 1.47576, not 3/2, where gamma is Euler's constant gamma. This is now the accepted value, but why? Below we will answer this question using a simple heuristic argument. This means we try to make it seem plausible (and eventually hope for a proof someday).
If you are in a rush, then let me simply follow Ribenboim [Ribenboim95] and state the factor egamma comes by analogy from Mertens' theorem. But if you have time, take a sip of coffee and join us for a little mathematics.
Heuristic Derivation of this Mersenne ConjectureWe will argue for Lenstra and Pomerance's conjecture in the form given in 1983 by Wagstaff [Wagstaff83] (though we do not follow his reasoning here):
The probability that 2k-1 is prime
As our first step in estimating the probability that 2k-1 is prime, we recall that for 2k-1 to be prime, k must be prime (proof). Next, by prime number theorem the probability that a random positive integer k is prime is (asymptotic to) 1/log(k) (where log x is the natural logarithm). For the next step we will assume this is the case: that k is prime.
Next, we might want to again use the prime number theorem to guess that the probability that 2k-1 is prime, is 1/log(2k-1), or about 1/(k log 2); but 2k-1 does not behave like a "random number." For example, 2k-1 can only be divisible by primes of the form 2mk+1 for certain integers m (proof). So we will need to adjust the estimate of probability we get from the prime number theorem as follows.
Since 2k-1 can not be even--we multiply our estimate of the primality probability by 2 (since 2 divides 1/2 of the integers). Similarly, unless k is 2, 2k-1 can not be divisible by 3, so we multiply our estimate of the primality probability by 3/2=1/(1-1/3) (since 3 divides 1/3rd of the integers). In fact, for each prime q less than 2k+1 we must multiply our estimate by q/(q-1) = 1/(1-1/q). So we now guess that the probability that 2k-1 is prime (for a given prime q) is about
1/(k log 2). 2/1. 3/2. 5/4..... q/(q-1)where q is the largest prime less than 2k. This product can be estimated using Mertens' theorem to be
egamma. log(2k)/(k log 2)where as above gamma is Euler's constant.
"But wait" you might say, "you have log(2k), but Wagstaff says log(ak) where a varies." Then I'd be forced to admit I omitted something else we know about the divisors of Mersenne numbers: they are always congruent to +/-1 modulo 8. When k is 3 modulo 4, this means m must be 0 or 3 modulo 4, so the smallest such prime is at least 6k+1 and we must replace the 2k in our argument above with 6k, just as Wagstaff says. When k is 1 modulo 4, m may be 1, so we can stick with the 2k above in this case. This completes the derivation of Wagstaff's third conclusion.
Toward a combined estimate
Let's go one step further and combine our two probability estimates: the probability k is prime and the probability the resulting 2k-1 is prime. We then get the probability that 2k-1 is prime (for a random positive integer k) to be
egamma. log(ak)/(k log 2. log k)(with a=2 or 6 as above). For large k (and indeed the "average" integer is large), log(ak)=log a + log k is very close (asymptotically) to just log k, so our probability estimate simplifies to
egamma/(k log 2).Next we will use this heuristic estimate to derive the first of Wagstaff's three conclusions.
The number of Mersennes less than xSo, how many Mersenne primes 2k-1 do we expect with 1 < k < n? We can find this by adding the probabilities for k=1, 2, 3,... up to n. The easiest way to approximate this sum would be to integrate. This gives us
approximately egamma log n / log 2 Mersenne primes 2k-1 with 1 < k < n.Now let's rephrase this. If we wish to restrict the size of n so that 2k-1 < x, then we must stop with n log 2 near log x, hence log n near log log x. So we have
approximately egamma log log x / log 2 Mersenne primes less than x.This is the first of Wagstaff's conclusions (from which the second follows trivially).
Note: The above is definitely not the argument you find in Wagstaff's article, but I think it is easier to follow and generalizes smoothly to many other forms.
Another prime page by Chris K. Caldwell


. However, optimizing for parallel computation presents other challenges because resource sharing and parallelization are on the two ends of a balance. Let's look at the following two allocation plans for the same graph:
Parallel Alloc
Both allocation plans are valid if we run the computation serially, from A[1] to A[8]. However, the allocation plan on the left introduces additional dependencies, which means we can't run computation of A[2] and A[5] in parallel. The plan on the right can. To parallelize computation, we need to take greater care.
Be Correct and Safe First
Being correct is our first principle. This means to execute in a way that takes implicit dependency memory sharing into consideration. You can do this by adding the implicit dependency edge to the execution graph. Or, even simpler, if the execution engine is mutation aware, as described in our discussion of dependency engine design, push the operation in sequence and write to the same variable tag that represents the same memory region.
Always produce a safe memory allocation plan. This means never allocate the same memory to nodes that can be parallelized. This might not be ideal when memory reduction is more desirable, and we don't gain too much when we can get benefit from multiple computing streams simultaneously executing on the same GPU.
Try to Allow More Parallelization
Now we can safely perform some optimizations. The general idea is to try and encourage memory sharing between nodes that can't be parallelized. You can do this by creating an ancestor relationship graph and querying it during allocation, which costs approximately $O(n^2)$ in time to construct. We can also use a heuristic here, for example, color the path in the graph. As shown in the following figure, when you try to find the longest paths in the graph, color them the same color and continue.
Path Color
After you get the color of the node, you allow sharing (or encourage sharing) only between nodes of the same color. This is a stricter version of the ancestor relationship, but it costs only $O(n)$ of time if you search for only the first k path.
This is by no means the only solution. More sophisticated approaches might exist:
How Much Can you Save?
We've discussed the techniques and algorithms you can use to squeeze memory usage for deep learning. How much can you really save by using these techniques?
On coarse-grained operation graphs that are already optimized for big operations, you can reduce memory consumption roughly by half. You can reduce memory usage even more if you are optimizing a fine-grained computation network used by symbolic libraries, such as Theano. Most of the ideas in this article inspired the design of MXNet.
Also, you will notice that memory cost, for forward pass only execution, is extremely low compared to running both forward and backward pass. This is simply because there's more memory reuse if you run only the forward pass.
So here are two takeaways:
 - Use a computation graph to allocate memory.
 - For deep learning models, prediction consumes much less memory than training.
Next Steps


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A post-friction stir welding heat treatment procedure was developed that reduces abnormal grain growth and restores optimum material properties in heat-treatable aluminum alloys. The innovation is a thermal processing methodology for retaining the fine-grained structure in aluminum alloys subjected to solid-state welding and subsequent forming processes.
Heat treatment of the deformed welds is desirable in order to restore the properties of the alloy negatively affected in the weld region. In these alloys, abnormal grain growth frequently occurs in friction stir welds during solution heat treatment and is known to degrade key materials properties such as strength, ductility, and toughness.
The innovation of inserting an intermediate annealing step reduces abnormal grain growth during post-welding heat treatment, thereby allowing optimum mechanical properties. This is important where Al-Li alloys (and other heat-treatable alloys) are friction stir welded followed by deformation processing. It is especially applicable for high-performance, high-reliability structural components required for aerospace vehicles.


text: The Ribeiro Denomination of Origin is in Southern Galicia, on the North-West edge of the province of Ourense, where the valleys formed by the Miño, Avia, Arnoia and Barbantiño rivers meet. The area's distinctive climate is due to its sheltered position and its southern location in Galicia. The land is well protected from sub-Atlantic storms and enjoys an Oceanic-Mediterranean micro-climate, making it damp with mild temperatures that reach an annual average of 72 degrees. Most soils are comprised of granite with a large quantity of stones and gravel. There is some silt-sand mixture and to a lesser degree, sand-silt, although silty textures can also be found in areas of alluvial sediment and finer textures on metamorphic rock.


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Creating a Web Cookbook
- Grade Level: Upper Elementary
- Subject Area: Math
Students report briefly on their experiences shopping for and cooking dinner for their families. Students use HTML editing software to write their menus, including suggestions based on their own experiences cooking them, cultural and social context for the recipes, if known, and pictures or graphics if they choose.
- Give a brief discussion of their experiences shopping and cooking for their families.
- Compile their recipes into a Web-based cookbook of dinner menus.
Materials and Resources
In developing our lessons and activities, we made some assumptions about the hardware and software that would be available in the classroom for teachers who visit the LETSNet Website. We assume that teachers using our Internet-based lessons or activities have a computer with the necessary hardware components (mouse, keyboard, and monitor) as well as a World Wide Web browser. In the section below, we specify any "special" hardware or software requirements for a lesson or activity (in addition to those described above) and the level of Internet access required to do the activity.
- Special hardware requirements: Space on a server for storage of the recipes in "cookbook" format.
- Special software requirements: An HTML editing application.
- Internet access: A medium-speed or higher connection.
- Have each student give a brief discussion of their reactions to grocery shopping and cooking dinner.
- Have students use an HTML editing software application such as BBEdit or HTML Editor to format their menus, reactions to their experiences, and pictures, graphics, or cultural context if they so desire. Students can be as creative as they wish.
Back to What's for Dinner? Unit Lesson Plans


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What is the difference between an "involuted" and an "idempotent" matrix?
I believe that they both have to do with inverse, perhaps "self inverse" matrices.
Or do they happen to refer to the same thing?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 11 down vote accepted
A matrix $A$ is an involution if it is its own inverse, ie if
$$A^2 = I$$
A matrix $B$ is idempotent if it squares to itself, ie if
$$B^2 = B$$
The only invertible idempotent matrix is the identity matrix, which can be seen by multiplying both sides of the above equation by $B^{-1}$. An idempotent matrix is also known as a projection.
Involutions and idempotents are related to one another. If $A$ is idempotent then $I - 2A$ is an involution, and if $B$ is an involution, then $\tfrac{1}{2}(I\pm B)$ is idempotent.
Finally, if $B$ is idempotent then $I-B$ is also idempotent and if $A$ is an involution then $-A$ is also an involution.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Cutaneous Larva Currens
A Roundworm Infection
Magnified Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis in human stool. Cultura Science/Michael J. Klein, M.D. / Getty Images
What is cutaneous larva currens?
Cutaneous larva currens is a disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, and thus a type of strongyloidiasis. Strongyloides stercoralis is a roundworm parasitic to humans. S. stercoralis is endemic to places such as Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central America and is most often encountered in fecally-contaminated soil or water and in tropical and subtropical regions.
This skin disease is characterized by itch of the skin as well as the appearance of snake-like, mottled hives around the waist and buttocks. It should be noted that cutaneous larva currens is not the same as the more well-versed skin condition cutaneous larva migrans (CLM).
How does cutaneous larva currens develop?
Each larva of this parasite enters the human by penetrating the skin, usually upon the host's contact with contaminated soil. The larva then enters the bloodstream which takes it to the lungs and, ultimately, the pharynx, where it is then swallowed into the gut. Upon reaching maturation in the small intestine, female members of the species will lay eggs into the intestine's mucosal layer. These eggs hatch into larvae that re-perpetuate the cycle within the host's body.
As the number of S. stercoralis increases in the host, they can spread to various other body parts. If these roundworms migrate to the skin, this can result in the dermatological condition known as cutaneous larva currens.
What are signs of cutaneous larva currens in the skin?
Signs of cutaneous larva currans generally begin within two weeks following larvae entry. The raised "track lines" that are characteristic of the disease highlight the trail of the larvae as they migrate through the top layer of the skin. The rate of migration may vary from 5 to 15 cm per hour.
As the disease progresses, red, inflamed skin marks can appear, as well as raised hives and occasional blisters. Fever is also sometimes present. Hive-like marks may last for several hours. In severe infection, bruising may be present around the umbilicus (belly button).
How can I prevent cutaneous larva currens?
Cutaneous larva currens can be prevented by avoiding contact with the Strongyloides larvae. One should avoid moist soil contaminated with animal feces, especially in a tropical or endemic country. Since beaches are common culprits for cutaneous larva currens infection, footwear should be worn on the sand, and a towel should be used if one is sitting on the ground.
How is cutaneous larva currens diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually made by the dermatologist upon physical examination of the affected areas. If necessary, microscopy can also be used to identify the larva.
How is cutaneous larva currens treated?
The most effective treatments for cutaneous larva currens are antiparasitic drugs, such as ivermectin, albendazole, and thiabendazole.
Ivermectin (drug names: Heartgard, Sklice, and Stromectol, among others) is what is known as a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent and is perhaps the most popular choice when it comes to cutaneous larva currens. It works by activating nonvertebrate-specific chloride channels and interferes with the parasites' nervous system, effectively killing adult S. stercoralis. However, multiple doses may be needed in order to completely eradicate the roundworms as it does not target S. stercoralis in its larval form.
Albendazole (drug name: Albenza) kills S. stercoralis by causing the destruction of cells in the parasite's intestines. Thiabendazole works by restricting specific enzymes within the worm. Notably, however, thiabendazole is known to have a higher level of toxicity than other antiparasitic drugs. This may be especially dangerous for patients with hepatitis or GI intolerance. Complete eradication of the parasite may take up to several years, as there is a tendency for strongyloidiasis to become chronic.
1) Smith, James D., Detlef K. Goette, and Richard B. Odom. "Larva Currens: Cutaneous Stronglyloidiasis." Archives of dermatology 112, no. 8 (1976): _PHONE_.
2) Stone, Orville J., Gordon B. Newell, and J. Fred Mullins. "Cutaneous strongyloidiasis: larva currens." Archives of dermatology 106, no. 5 (1972): 734-736.
3) Jelinek, T., H. Maiwald, H. D. Nothdurft, and T. Löscher. "Cutaneous larva migrans in travelers: synopsis of histories, symptoms, and treatment of 98 patients." Clinical infectious diseases 19, no. 6 (1994): _PHONE_.
4) Blackwell, V., and F. Vega‐Lopez. "Cutaneous larva migrans: clinical features and management of 44 cases presenting in the returning traveller." British Journal of Dermatology 145, no. 3 (2001): 434-437.
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NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Wednesday, May 22, 2013
Metal taste in mouth
If I have a metal taste in my mouth, what is this a symptom of?
An altered or metallic taste sensation is referred to as dysgeusia. There are many possible factors or conditions that can lead to or be associated with this symptom.
Deterioration of an old silver (amalgam) filling or a cap (crown) can sometimes be the culprit. Gum disease (periodontitis) or dental abscess could also be considered. A wide variety of drugs (over 200) have been associated with taste disturbances or alterations. Vitamin or micronutrient deficiencies, especially zinc deficiency, have been related to metallic or altered taste. Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis), esophageal reflux and even sinus infections have been contributory in some patients. Finally, some cases appear to have no definite (or identifiable) cause.
The first step would be to rule out a local dental or gum problem with a visit to your dentist. Next, I would check with your physician to rule out other conditions that may be more systemic in origin.
John R Kalmar, DMD, PhD
Clinical Professor of Pathology
Associate Dean of Dentistry Administration
College of Dentistry
The Ohio State University


How to Measure Consumer Perception?
You can measure consumer perception by doing a study. You can use surveys to gather information about what the consumer perceived. You could also conduct interviews and write down your findings.
Q&A Related to "How to Measure Consumer Perception?"
1. Perform market research on your company's products. When measuring customer perceptions, the first step a company should take is to identify what customers are actually buying
what is the meaning of consumer perception.
Consumer behavior is one of the topics that marketers uses to better understand the
MUNEESA, HERE IS SOME USEFUL MATERIAL. REGARDS LEO LINGHAM ======================================== 4) Devise an attitude questionnaire to find out the consumer attitude towards
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How Bankruptcy Stops Your Creditors: The Automatic Stay
When you file for bankruptcy, something called the automatic stay immediately stops any lawsuit filed against you and most actions against your property by a creditor, collection agency, or government entity. Especially if you are at risk of being evicted, being foreclosed on, being found in contempt for failure to pay child support, or losing such basic resources as utility services, welfare, unemployment benefits, or your job (because of a raft of wage garnishments), the automatic stay may provide a powerful reason to file for bankruptcy.
What the Automatic Stay Can Prevent
Here is how the automatic stay affects some common emergencies:
 - Utility disconnections. If you're behind on a utility bill and the company is threatening to disconnect your water, electric, gas, or telephone service, the automatic stay will prevent the disconnection for at least 20 days. (Also, bankruptcy will probably discharge the past due debts for utility service.) Although the amount of a utility bill itself rarely justifies a bankruptcy filing, preventing electrical service cutoff in January in New England might be justification enough.
 - Foreclosure. If your home mortgage is being foreclosed on, the automatic stay temporarily stops the proceedings, but the creditor will often be able to proceed with the foreclosure sooner or later. If you are facing foreclosure, Chapter 13 bankruptcy is usually a better remedy than Chapter 7 bankruptcy, if you want to keep your house.
 - Eviction. If you are being evicted from your home, the automatic stay may provide some help -- but the new bankruptcy law makes it easier for landlords to proceed with evictions. If your landlord already has a judgment of possession against you when you file, the automatic stay won't affect these eviction proceedings; the landlord can continue just as if you hadn't filed for bankruptcy. And if the landlord alleges that you've been endangering the property or using controlled substances there, the automatic stay won't do you much good, either. In other cases, the automatic stay might buy you a few days or weeks, but the landlord will probably ask the court to lift the stay and allow the eviction -- and the court will probably agree to do so.
 - Collection of overpayments of public benefits. If you receive public benefits and were overpaid, normally the agency is entitled to collect the overpayment out of your future checks. The automatic stay prevents this collection. However, if you become ineligible for benefits, the automatic stay doesn't prevent the agency from denying or terminating benefits for that reason.
 - Multiple wage garnishments. Filing for bankruptcy stops garnishments dead in their tracks. (And not only will you take home a full salary, but you also may be able to discharge the debt in bankruptcy.) Although no more than 25% of your wages may be taken to satisfy court judgments (up to 50% for child support and alimony), many people file for bankruptcy if more than one wage garnishment is threatened. For some people, any loss of income is devastating; also, some employers get angry at the expense and hassle of facilitating a succession of garnishments and take it out on their employees. Although federal law prohibits you from being fired for one garnishment, an employer can fire you for multiple garnishments.
What the Automatic Stay Cannot Prevent
In a few instances, the automatic stay won't help you.
 - Certain tax proceedings. The IRS can still audit you, issue a tax deficiency notice, demand a tax return (which often leads to an audit), issue a tax assessment, or demand payment of such an assessment. However, the automatic stay does stop the IRS from issuing a tax lien or seizing your property or income.
 - Support actions. A lawsuit against you seeking to establish paternity or to establish, modify, or collect child support or alimony isn't stopped by your filing for bankruptcy.
 - Criminal proceedings. A criminal proceeding that can be broken down into criminal and debt components will be divided, and the criminal component is not affected by the automatic stay. For example, if you were convicted of writing a bad check, sentenced to community service, and ordered to pay a fine, your obligation to do community service won't be stopped by your filing for bankruptcy.
 - Loans from a pension. Despite the automatic stay, money can be withheld from your income to repay a loan from certain types of pensions (including most job-related pensions and IRAs).
How Creditors Can Get Around the Automatic Stay
Usually, a creditor can get around the automatic stay by asking the bankruptcy court to remove ("lift") the stay, if it is not serving its intended purpose. For example,say you file for bankruptcy the day before your house is to be sold in foreclosure. You have no equity in the house, you can't pay your mortgage arrears, and you have no way of keeping the property. The foreclosing creditor is apt to run to court soon after you file for bankruptcy, to ask for permission to proceed with the foreclosure -- and that permission is likely to be granted.
Copyright 2005 Nolo


text:
Alabama Standards (8th Grade) - 16. Design a personalized fitness plan.
Students create or capture a daily log of their physical activity using their cell phone, IPod or other hand held devices. Students will track their daily activity using these devices to determine the distance and intensity of their daily activities. Students will then develop a plan to increase their activity and use the devices to monitor the progress of their plan to increase their daily activity. Student will submit their logs electronically via email or they may print them out.


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Dalhousie University's Collaborative Health Education Building (CHEB) is designed to support a truly interdisciplinary approach to health education, where students of medicine, pharmacy, nursing and related professions will "learn with, from and about one another" and how to work together in collaborative healthcare teams. Facilitating this peer-to-peer learning process are interior spaces that encourage and support social interaction and informal collaboration, including a health science learning commons, clinical simulation laboratories and active learning classrooms with movable seating for impromptu group and individual study. A sheltered roof deck and outdoor terraces provide appealing social areas in good weather. Future-proof flexible planning allows rapid and cost-effective reconfiguration to accommodate changing pedagogical requirements.
CHEB houses the Centre for Collaborative Clinical Learning and Research. This program supports development of critical diagnostic and patient care skills through simulation-based learning and assessment methods. Purpose built for interprofessional learning, the building includes:
- A simulation centre for specialized clinical skills training in the health science professions.
- Simulated patient care labs, clinic rooms and seminar rooms.
- Specifically designed homecare, rehabilitation and hospital settings to enable realistic, simulation-based learning.
Moriyama & Teshima Architects in association with Barrie and Langille Architects
Target LEED Gold


The Top 10 Things People Store
Here are the most common items kept in long term storage. Rather than take up space around the house, secure storage would be a better home for these 10 objects.
1. Antiques
For valuables, especially one-of-a-kinds, which will only appreciate in value over time, secure self storage is a better option than leaving them lying about in the home. A good storage space will protect your antiques from deterioration from the elements while ensuring safety from theft or accidental damage.
2. Books
Books are valuable, but can take up plenty of space in a smaller living area. Many people prefer to keep their collection of books with monetary or sentimental value in long-term storage, so they are always easily accessible when it's time for a re-read.
3. Clothing
Many people have clothing which can't be worn at the moment, but is sure to see its day in the future. Maybe it's extravagant formalwear you only get to use once in a blue moon, or heavy winter coats which are only appropriate for a few months of every year. Regardless, rather than letting these clothes clutter a wardrobe, many choose to leave in secure self-storage when they're not needed.
4. Toys
Children grow out of toys quickly, but they might not be too happy with their parents throwing old toys away. Everyone has a little nostalgia for the things they played with when they were younger, which they choose to keep in secure storage. This goes especially for video game consoles, which quickly go out of circulation but can appreciate in value.
5. Seasonal items
If your house is known for its Christmas lights display or a swinging pool-and-patio party in the summer, it can be hard to store all the necessary equipment when it's not being used. Long term self-storage is a great option to keep the objects which have their moments, but not all year round.
6. Furniture
For people who have downsized their living arrangements or need to reconfigure a room in their home, they may end up with furniture items which don't quite fit anywhere, but they also don't want to sell. Secure storage outlets offer ample space to keep furniture objects safe and pristine until they are ready to be used again.
7. Appliances
The same goes for home appliances, which people can't fit into their current living arrangements. Washers and dryers, fridges, dishwashers as well as television sets all can be kept safely in long-term storage, so that when they are needed again, they are functioning just as they did before.
8. Sports/Hobby Equipment
Sports enthusiasts will know just how much space equipment can take – whether it's a full set of softball bats and mitts, or an array of fishing equipment, it's a lot of bulk to keep around the house. The same goes for musical instruments, artists' easels or paintbrushes or gym equipment. For all these cases long term storage might be a good idea, as this will keep the expensive equipment in better condition than if it was left in a wardrobe.
9. Collectibles & Memorabilia
For sentimental objects which will certainly appreciate in value, secure storage is a must. Most collectors recognise that it's far safer to invest in proper storage than to leave their collectibles lying about. This goes for everything from photo albums, trophies, promotional products and card or sticker collections.
10. Archives
People running a home business will know that transaction and documentation archives take up huge amounts of space, and can't easily be thrown away. Rather than set up a collection of filing cabinets in your own home, secure storage is a good option to stow away important business documents for reference.


In Practice
Putting social psychology to work for you
10 Essential Emotion Skills to Look For in a Partner
Emotion regulation skills to look for in a mate.
These are ten emotion regulation skills to consider when you're deciding if someone will make a good long-term partner.
1. Can they make effective repair attempts after an argument?
Unless your arguing is particularly contemptuous (eye rolling, calling each other "nuts" etc), whether you argue is not as important as whether you and your mate can effectively repair your bond and sense of trust after arguing.
2. Do they lose control of their actions?
Do they put their fists though walls? Do they spend money you can't afford?
Especially if you're going to have children with someone, you'll want to know that your potential co-parent is reliable and isn't going to be violent or cruel in front of your child/ren.
3. Can they persist through frustration?
When they're working on a task or project, do they quit as soon as they hit a difficult point or are they willing to persist through frustration.
4. Are they willing to discuss difficult topics?
When you need to discuss a difficult topic do they refuse to talk (termed stonewalling)? Do they duck, dive, and weave away from tough topics e.g., they tell you they'll talk about it at some later point and then avoid?
5. Can they delay gratification?
Do you think they would've passed the marshmellow test as a child? The ability to pass the marshmellow test is predictive of later success.
6. Are they able to admit mistakes or acknowledge their role in a problem?
Are they so defensive they can't admit mistakes?
7. Can they identify "soft emotions?" (e.g., feeling sad, lonely, anxious)
When someone isn't able to identify specific emotions it makes it difficult for them to communicate what they're feeling or recognize what types of support someone else needs.
8. Are they self-absorbed?
Are they able to shift their focus away from themselves long enough to take an interest in your inner experience (your thoughts and feelings?)
9. Are they supportive of your successes?
When something goes right for you, does your partner seem to care?
10. Do they know how to boost their own mood?
Do they know how to deal with their own stress in effective ways? Do they know how to maintain a positive mood e.g., Do they regularly schedule mood boosting activities such as seeing friends (or whatever is important to them)?
If you liked this article, you'll probably like
50 Signs of a Healthy Relationship
8 Questions to Help You Appreciate Your Relationship
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Alice Boyes, Ph.D. translates principles from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and social psychology into tips people can use in their everyday lives.
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Daydreaming: How the best ideas emerge from the ether.


They call you attention the space adventures and you like manage your transportation in rare places? Wiggler is a new arcade game free where your task is to handle your own spaceship traveling through portals! Since the ship appears in the portal your goal is finding the space key, pick it up and return to the same portal using less possible time. For each completed level they grant you a certain amount of points. To increase your score you have to pass the levels faster, and thus you will get bonus points. The strength and capacity of your ship depend on their rotation and speed, acceleration, the coat quality and possibilities of its self-healing. While looking for the space key in this free online game, you will find many walls on your way impeding to go ahead. Jeffrey Hayzlett often says this. Be careful and do not tropeces with the walls because shocks will damage your shield.
If occur too many shocks and the shield becomes fragile your ship can explode. Sometimes the entire image localization becomes visible only after the empiezes moved. Your movements should be smooth and precise to not cause harm to your spaceship, and the pretty fast time so you can earn more points. As if you were parked to your cart on the crowded street! The graphics and animation are not impressed much but this game free online offers us interesting tasks whose goal is to develop your skills of accuracy and agility. This space adventure in the Wiggler arcade game begins. Searches the space key, return it and come out winner!.
What Is The Biome Of Savannah
Variable rainfall, grasslands dotted with tall trees, and Earth characterized the temperate savanna biome. The most abundant savanna biome can be found in the plains of Africa, Florida, Brazil, Australia and the India. Savanna biomes are a mixture of land of meadows and forests, but it has unique characteristics. The temperature in Savannah varies little from one season to another, the temperature is in average warm 68 F (20 C) throughout the year. The rains, however, vary dramatically. The impermeability of the hard soil produces temporary puddles that feed on water from the soil. In the dry months, drought takes over the terrain and water supplies evaporate. Therefore, the animals and plants have adapted to survive these exaggerated conditions.
Some birds migrate to more humid areas, while some rodents enter into a dormant state underground. Trees of the savanna have little biological diversity. Acacia trees predominate in the sheets, which have crushed caps because herbivores such as giraffes, biting the lower branches. Other African mammals use trees for shade and water. Elephants, zebras, buffaloes, ostriches, hyenas, wild pigs, hippos, Gazelles and leopards are famous members of this ecology. The tropical savanna biome is located in a State of flux. Elephants can create grassland outside the forests by trampling of trees. Original author and source of the article


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Science subject and location tags
Articles, documents and multimedia from ABC Science
Wednesday, 15 June 2011
Australian Aboriginal accounts of lunar and solar eclipses indicate many traditional communities understood the movement of the Sun, Earth and Moon.
Monday, 6 December 2010
New research puts paid to the belief that Aboriginal people used fire on a large scale to control vegetation across Australia.
Monday, 7 July 2008
Indigenous Australian body art, such as tattoos and intentional scarring may help to unravel mysteries about where certain groups traveled in the past, what their values and rituals were, and how they related to other cultures, according to an Australian researcher.


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|With a busy schedule, it is difficult to take enough water. Wearing tight jeans and tights help bacterial growth at thefeminine area. Not only this causes bad odor and bacterial growth can alsocause urinary tract infections (UTIs). What is more - the infection can be recurrent. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, UPEC is the major pathogen for UTI. New Bellus Biotechnology center proudly presents Probio-U Complex Powder, which contains three scientifically proven effective lactic acid bacteria strains with high concentrated cranberry extract. Cell and animal studies showed that the 90% of UPEC infection could be eliminated by Probio-U supplementation, reduce inflammation thus protecting from UTIs.|
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The purpose of Slider Kit is to gather common slideshow-like jQuery functionalities (such as news sliders, photos galleries/sliders, carousels, tabs menus)
When tracking mouse movement, you usually need to know the actual position of the mouse pointer. The event object that is passed to the handler contains some information about the mouse coordinates.


Quick Answer: Is It Safe To Breathe In Essential Oils?
Does eucalyptus oil kill viruses?
Is it OK to breathe in peppermint oil?
Can flour irritate the lungs?
Flour dust is a hazardous substance. Workers in baking-related jobs may inhale flour dust when it becomes airborne. The dust can irritate the respiratory tract and lead to occupational asthma, also known as baker's asthma. The health problems can develop over 30 years.
Is diffusing essential oils safe for your lungs?
Can a diffuser make you sick?
Is diffuser good for health?
They're an affordable, versatile, and convenient way to improve your health and quality of life. You can use them to relieve pain and cramping, improve respiratory health, and heal skin conditions. They also relieve congestion, promote healthy sleep patterns, and boost your mood.
What are the side effects of essential oils?
The potential side effects of essential oils include:Irritation and burning: Always dilute oils with a carrier oil before applying it to the skin. … Asthma attacks: While essential oils may be safe for most people to inhale, some people with asthma may react to breathing in the fumes.More items…
Can diffusing essential oils be harmful?
What happens if u inhale essential oils?
During inhalation, volatile essential oil molecules are systemically absorbed as they enter both the brain and the lungs. … While a small amount is absorbed through the brain, most is absorbed through the lungs because of the large amount of blood vessels. It's estimated that 30 to 70 percent is actually absorbed.
Do essential oils really work for immune system?
Is it safe to inhale eucalyptus oil?
Which essential oils are safe to inhale?
Are diffusers bad for your lungs?
Which essential oils are toxic to humans?
Which essential oil is best for lungs?
Can inhaling essential oils make you sick?
Can you sleep with a diffuser on?


Browse / Political Science
Double Eagle and Rising Sun 9780822307785
Double Eagle and Rising Sun
The Russians and Japanese at Portsmouth in 1905
ISBN-10: _PHONE_
ISBN-13: 9780822307785
PUBLISHER: Duke University Press
Also available at
Product Description: The Russo-Japanese War and the peace conference that followed it at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, marked a turning point affecting not only the history of participants but the future of East Asia and the world.The 1905 Portsmouth Conference, mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt, for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize, brought to an end a war in which Japan won spectacular victories on land and sea. Although the peace settlement fell far short of public expectations in Japan, she gained supremacy in Korea and a sphere of influence in South Manchuria as a consequence of the treaty. Nevertheless, the treaty reflected the military stalemate in Manchuria. Roosevelt wanted a balance of power to emerge from the war, and his hope was realized in the peace process.Raymond Esthus, drawing on the records of six nations, provides a detailed and panoramic account of the 1905 conference from the perspectives of both the Russians and the Japanese participants, depicting the powerful personalities of Roosevelt and the Russian Sergei Witte, as well as Tsar Nicholas II and the Foreign Minister Komura Jutaro. It is a story of verbal duels, tests of will, and moments of high personal courage. If there was no clear-cut victor at the conference, Roosevelt emerged as a worldwide hero of the cause of peace.
Additional Details
PAGES: 275
CATEGORY: Political Science
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Can you wear your Apple Watch as a nurse?
Can you wear your Apple Watch as a nurse?
Nurses can wear Apple watches if the hospital allows nurses to wear watches in general. In fact, Apple watches have many benefits for nurses, such as the hands-free option to use Siri for timing, reminders, and important messages.
Can you wear smartwatch on ankle?
There is no reason you cannot wear a fitness tracker on your ankle. For most fitness tracker manufacturers including Fitbit the known set of patterns are derived from when the tracker is worn on the wrist. If you wear it on your ankle they might not be able to identify the activity as easily and accurately.
READ: Is Johnny Depp part Native American?
Which is better Apple watch or Fitbit?
Can Apple Watch detect sleep apnea?
The Apple Watch can accurately detect hypertension and sleep apnea, a new study suggests. This new study shows the Watch can detect sleep apnea with a 90 percent accuracy and hypertension with an 82 percent accuracy.
Can my Fitbit detect sleep apnea?
Welcome to Fitbit Charge 3, the significant upgrade to the bestselling Charge 2 device. The new tracking feature called Sleep Score beta (SpO2) detects sleep disturbances that could indicate health issues like allergies, asthma, or sleep apnea.
Is there an app that detects sleep apnea?
To be used directly by consumers, SleepCheck is a smartphone app which uses clinically accurate algorithms to assess a person's risk of OSA by analyzing their breathing and snoring sounds during sleep. The app requires no accessories or hardware other than the user's smartphone.
Does Apple Watch detect heart attack?
READ: Is it hard to get into Lewis University?
Can fitbit detect heart attack?
The Fitbit ECG app can't detect heart attack, blood clots, stroke or other heart conditions. If you think you're having a medical emergency, call emergency services. The Fitbit ECG app is not intended for use by people under 22 years old.
Can Apple Watch detect if you die?
Will it sense if you have died? Leo says no, there isn't. It'll detect that you have a low pulse and give you a warning, but so far, there is not a "phone home" from the watch if you die.
Can Samsung Watch detect heart attack?
The ECG recording or Samsung Health Monitor app never looks for signs of a heart attack. It is not intended to replace traditional methods of diagnosis or treatment.
Is wearing a watch bad for your health?
Can Samsung watch measure blood pressure?
Use your Samsung Watch to help measure your blood pressure using My BP Lab 2.0*. You can now monitor your blood pressure any time, anywhere and track your history straight from your watch.
READ: What are your short term goals examples?
Can fitbit detect health problems?
As part of the integration Fitbit users can now download the Cardiogram app and use it to monitor heart rate and sleep tracking. Users will also have access to Cardiogram's detection technology, which has been validated in identifying hypertension, sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation.
How does watch know I'm sleeping?
Watches. To determine sleep quality, many smartwatches and wrist trackers monitor movement and heart rate throughout the night through the use of sensors.
Which arm should I wear my Fitbit on?
Wear it on your non-dominant wrist Most people wear watches on their non-dominant wrist. Your fitness tracker is like a watch (and, in some cases, it is a watch), and should also be worn on your non-dominant wrist. That's your left wrist if you're right-handed, and your right wrist if you're left-handed.


Download Article Download Article
A steel rose, also known as a metal rose, refers to a rose sculpture fabricated entirely out of metal. This is a fun metalworking project if you already know how to use the basic metalworking tools. It involves cutting and shaping a bunch of metal circles to make the petals and adding a 5-point metal star underneath it to make the sepal, which is the green leafy portion that rests under the discs. However, this is not a safe project to undertake if you do not have experience working with metal sheeting, a torch, and tin snips. Expect to spend 1-3 hours making your metal rose.
Part 1 of 4:
Cutting the PetalsDownload Article
 1. 1
 Pick up a 24 by 36 in (61 by 91 cm) metal sheet that's 0.5 mm thick. You can use steel to make your rose, but you can also use copper, aluminum, or general-purpose sheet metal. The overall process is the same regardless of the metal you use. You will need roughly 1 sheet of 24 by 36 in (61 by 91 cm) metal to make your rose. Pick up your metal sheet at your local construction supply store.[1]
 - The millimeter listed on sheet metal always refers to the thickness. The thicker the sheet metal is, the stronger it is but the harder it is to shape. You can use something a little thinner than 0.5 mm, but it may leave your petals looking kind of flimsy and thin. If you use anything thicker, it will take much longer to shape the metal.
 - With a sheet this size, you can make a rose head that's roughly 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) tall and 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) wide.
 2. 2
 Score 4-5 circles into the metal in slightly different sizes with a spring divider. Grab a metal spring divider and press one of the pins into any point on your sheet metal. Drag the second pin around the point in a circle. Make the first circle roughly 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter. Then, make a second circle 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) in diameter. Score 2-3 additional circles on different portions of the metal. Make each circle 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) smaller than the last circle you made.[2]
 - You can measure the circles out, or just do this by eye. So long as each circle is slightly smaller than the last, you'll be fine.
 - The bigger your circles are, the larger the rose will be. You can deviate from these measurements if you want to make a bigger or smaller rose.
 3. 3
 Put on cut-resistant gloves and protective eyewear to protect yourself. You're going to do a lot of heating, cutting, and sanding from this point going forward. Grab some cut-resistant metalworking gloves and put them on to protect your hands the sharp metal. Put on some protective goggles to keep pieces of metal from flying into your eyes as you cut it.[3]
 - You absolutely cannot complete this process without gloves or protective eyewear.
 4. 4
 Cut the circles out using tin snips and trim them to size. Grab some straight tin snips and cut your circles out of the sheet in square-like shapes to make them easier to work with. Then, grab some curved tin snips and trim around the circles to cleanly remove the smaller chunks of metal that are sticking out around your scored lines.[4]
 - The circles don't need to be perfect. It's okay if there is a little variation around the edges. You'll eventually bend the edges downwards to give your petals shape, so people won't really notice any minor mistakes here.
 5. 5
 Drive a divot into the center of each circle with a punch and hammer. Set your first circle down on top of an anvil or large block of wood. Place a center punch in the middle of the circle and strike the back of the punch with a ball-peen hammer. This will drive a tiny divot into the middle of the circle and make it easier to cut through the center. Repeat this process with the rest of your circles.[5]
 6. 6
 Drill a small hole through each divot with a titanium drill bit. Put a 18 in (0.32 cm) titanium drill bit into your drill. Set a large chunk of wood down and hold the edge of your first circle with a set of slip-joint pliers. Hold the disc on top of the wood and use your drill to drive a hole through the circle where you made the divot. Repeat this process with the rest of your circles.[6]
 - Don't hold the circles with your hand. Use pliers to keep your fingers away from the drill bit. If the drill bit slips, you want to ensure your fingers aren't anywhere near the center.
 - You can use an auger to do this if you prefer.
 7. 7
 Cut 4-5 lines into each circle to make your petals. Grab your straight tin snips and pick up your first circle with the pliers. Wrap the jaws around the edge of the circle so the tip of your blades rest 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) away from the hole you drilled. Cut a straight line leading from the edge of the circle to just outside of the hole you punched. Rotate the circle 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) and cut it again. Do this 4-5 times on each circle to separate your petals.[7]
 - These cuts do not need to be symmetrical. Just place them kind of randomly around each circle so that there's some variation in the petals.
 - Each cut you make will separate another petal. The more cuts you add, the more individual petals you'll have.
Part 2 of 4:
Shaping the PetalsDownload Article
 1. 1
 Fan out each portion of cut metal at a slight angle with pliers. Pick up your first circle in your non-dominant hand. Grip any petal with the jaws of your slip joint pliers and lift it up at a 5- to 10-degree angle bend it a little bit. Repeat this process with every other petal you've cut out to separate your petals and soften the metal a little bit.[8]
 - The goal here is not to shape the petals, but to soften the joint where the petal connects to the middle of the circle. This will make the petals much easier to trim, cut, and work with.
 - You're going to hammer the petals down in a minute, so don't worry about the shape you bend the petals into. You're only doing this to separate the petals and soften the metal.
 2. 2
 Trim the edges of each petal down a little to give them some shape. Grab your curved tin snips and cut off the 18116 in (0.32–0.16 cm) sharp corners on each petal. This will remove the sharp edges and give your petals a cleaner shape. Clean up all of the corners on all of the circles you've cut. On every single petal you've separated, trim the edge where it meets the petal next to it.[9]
 - You're doing this for safety and aesthetic reasons. It's not only safer to work with the metal if you trim the corners off, but it will also give your petals softer edges and make them look more realistic.
 3. 3
 Hammer each petal's edges down against an anvil to soften the sides. Set a circle down on top of an anvil. Hold it in place against the anvil with your pliers. Then, grab a ball-peen hammer and strike the petals repeatedly. Keep striking every portion of the circle until it flattens out. Strike the edges where they meet the anvil to soften them up a little and rotate the disc with your pliers to hit each side. Repeat this process with the remainder of your circles.[10]
 - This makes the metal more pliable and blunts the sharp edges of the petals.
 4. 4
 Strike the edges of each petal with a drywall or cross pin hammer to add texture. Grab a drywall or cross pin hammer and turn it so you're striking with the sharp side of the head. Set your first petal on the anvil and strike the exterior edge of the petal with your hammer. You should leave a small line on the edge of the petal with your strike. Repeat this process by striking each petal 5-10 times to leave a series of parallel marks in the edge of each petal.[11]
 - If you look at a real rose, the lips of the petals are kind of wavy and uneven. Striking the metal petals with this sharp edge will help replicate this look.
Part 3 of 4:
Crafting the SepalDownload Article
 1. 1
 Draw and cut out a 5-point star from a new piece of metal sheet. The sepal is the green leafy part of the rose that sticks out from the base of the petals. Grab an erasable marker or a scriber and draw a 5-point star that's roughly the same height and width as your largest circle. Use your


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A city is the major urban settlement of a region. It is part of specific factions in the games Rome: Total War, Medieval II: Total War, Empire: Total War and Napoleon: Total War. Cities are one of the key parts of the Total War series as it can create units and buildings. The urban areas also can manage trade, helping the economy of the specific country. Naturally, the population of a city gets larger; the city size must be upgraded or else the population will riot, causing deaths and damage to buildings.
Cities were introduced in the game Rome Total War. They played in the role of being region capitals; cities needed to be taken in order for the region to be taken. In previous games to capture a settlement you merely just had to be the faction with a army in that region.
In Empire: Total War and Napoleon: Total War cities again play the role of region capitals however lose some of their abilities to construct certain buildings with the introduction of towns.


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Voice shame: Self-censorship in vocal performance
AbstractVoice shame is the uncomfortable feeling of being heard as ridiculous, worthless or 'not good enough'. Voice shame arises when a subject becomes aware of an observer's attention and believes the evaluation to be negative. It causes intensive monitoring of one's vocal expression and of others' perception of oneself. The effects of voice shame are largely hidden, since performers will tend to gravitate towards self-staging strategies that comply with conventions, in order to avoid shame. Worried attempts to prevent shame through self-monitoring and active control of one's voice, body, and impact on others may cause serious difficulties with vocal performance. Voice shame can affect professional and non-professional voice users. Shame is a non-cognitive self-rejection. It presupposes internalized ideals and criteria of quality, learned through interaction with external authorities, such as parents, peers, mass media or music teachers. The self that judges and rejects itself is a product of social interaction; it is situated and reflects the demands and constraints posed by both tacit and explicit cultural values and educational traditions, ideals and methods. Triggers of, and thresholds for, shame differ between individuals, within frameworks that are largely common to members of a given subculture. Based on empirical studies of music students and professional pop, jazz and classical singers, we apply French philosopher Michel Foucault's discourse-theory to the analysis of disciplinary mechanisms among vocal performers. The concept of voice shame is presented as a source of insight into the dynamics of singers' self-regulation, self-staging and self-censorship, and hence as a useful tool for the voice teacher.