Ginsenoside Metabolite Compound K Alleviates Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing T Cell Activation
Jingyu Chen, Huaxun Wu, Qingtong Wang, Yan Chang, Kangkang Liu, Shasha Song, Pingfan Yuan, Jingjing Fu, Wuyi Sun, Qiong Huang, Lihua Liu, Yujing Wu, Yunfang Zhang, Aiwu Zhou, Wei Wei
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
30 Scopus citations
Ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) is the degradation product of ginsenosides in the intestine by bacteria and has many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and articular damage in multiple joints. However, the effect of CK on RA remains unclear. In this study, the effect of CK on adjuvant arthritis (AA) and the underlying mechanisms that focused on T cell activation were investigated. Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA rats. After the onset of arthritis, rats were given CK (10, 40, and 160 mg/kg) or MTX (0.5 mg/kg). To evaluate the severity of arthritis, arthritis index and paw swelling were evaluated every 3 days. Histopathology of joint and spleen were assayed. Subsets of T cells including CD4 + CD62L+ (naïve T cells), CD4 + CD25+ (activated T cells), and CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+ cells (Treg) and CD25 expression were assayed by flow cytometry. Proliferation of T cell was evaluated by 3H-TdR. IL-2 level was assayed by ELISA. We found that CK attenuated arthritis index and paw swelling, restored the histopathological change of joint and spleen, downregulated the percentage of activated T cells, and upregulated naïve T cells and Treg cells in spleen. CK significantly suppressed T cell activation (as indicated by T cell proliferation, CD25 expression, and IL-2 production). In conclusion, our results suggest that CK alleviates autoimmune arthritis by suppressing T cell activation.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1608-1615
Number of pages8
Issue number5
StatePublished - Jan 1 2014
Externally publishedYes
 - adjuvant-induced arthritis
 - CD25
 - ginsenoside metabolite compound K
 - IL-2
 - regulatory T cells
 - T cell activation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Immunology and Allergy
 - Immunology
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text:
RESOURCES + MATERIALS
- PlayColor Sticks
- Black Sharpie
- Cut out template. Use an extra sheet of paper to cut out the template of the vase. Have students trace the vase on their paper with a black Sharpie. Older students may be able to draw their own vase, but this step will be helpful for the younger ones.
- Using the black Sharpie, have students draw the water line inside of the vase. Then, have them draw the line of the table in the background.
- Using the PlayColor Sticks, students can start adding in the flowers. Students can start with yellow as the base and then add in the other primary colors of red and blue. Once they have their Primary Petals completed, they can draw the stems and then color in the table.
- Finally, your students can fill in the rest of the white space with water colors. They can add blue water to the vase and any color background they'd like. Just encourage them to fill the page with saturated colors.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
|This page is similar in name or subject to other pages.
- If the skies grow black, we will do what we told Hal Jordan we would. We will hope.
- -- Ganthet
Following the end of the Sinestro Corps War and their exile from the Council of Guardians, Ganthet and Sayd discussed the changes within the Green Lantern Corps. Knowing that the Guardians of the Universe were ignoring the threat of the Blackest Night, and that the Green Lanterns of Earth would be unable to stop the Black from occuring, Ganthet and Sayd decided to form their own Blue Lantern Corps, forming Blue Lantern Rings and Power Batteries fueled by hope.
Blue Energy Conduit: The rings use Blue energy, supplied by a Power Battery which in most cases takes the form of blue light. The Blue energy of hope has an infallible connection to the universe. Hope is the most powerful of light, and thus the universe speaks through it. A Blue Power ring is one of the most powerful weapons in the universe, and has the ability to affect and use fundamental forces of the universe, including electromagnetic energies such as gravity, radiation, heat, light, and powerful blasts of concussive force. The ring can also create fields of force formed from an unknown energy that was bound by the users' will. The limitations of such use are the skill, knowledge and imagination of the user.
- Blue Energy Blasts: The ring can be used to fire blasts of blue energy or create weapons such as projectiles of them. The ring can project beams of force powered by the will of the user. The weapons power is more an indication of the hope of the user.
- Force-Field: The ring can create various forcefields of various sizes and shapes to protect the wearer and others around him. With the cosmic scope of a Blue Lantern's abilities, it is only natural that the power ring is designed for operation in space. The ring creates a force-field around the wearer, protecting him/her/it from the hazards of the void including filtration of stellar radiation and microscopic particulate matter which would ordinarily be fatal should the space debris strike the ring wielder at high speeds. An atmosphere appropriate to the ring wielder's biology is created inside the force-field, body temperature is maintained and waste products are removed. Gravitational stresses which could cause injury are stabilized for the ring wielder. Theoretically, a ring wielder could use the ring as his/her/its sole source of life support.
- Energy Constructs: The ring can form constructs of blue energy. Unlike a Green Lantern Power Ring, the primary function of the Blue Power Ring will manifest its constructs in response to the target's specific psychosis. The power literally soothes its target based on that target's hopes. In this way, the ring can remove the corruptible influence of the red flame of rage by infusing hope. Otherwise, the ring is a weapon capable of transforming the wearer's thoughts into physical constructs through the wearer's mastery of hope. A Blue Lantern can create any particular items or construct that they can imagine as long as they have the mastery of hope necessary to conjure it into existence. The constructs are made out of blue energy, which is a tangible form of pure hope, and they exist only as long as a Blue Lantern is fueling it with their mastery of hope. Items created by the rings are not indestructible and are only as powerful as the inspired hope of the Blue Lantern creating them. The types of constructs usually reflects the ring wearer's personality.
- Hope Empowerment: The Blue Lantern ring is unique in that its base of power, Hope, can be manipulated by the ring user. Being in direct range of the emotional aura of a Blue Lantern allows them to charge an outer power reserve; by the sheer hope of the Lantern, its power will remain constant. The empowerment extends to even the stellar reactions of stars, allowing one to reverse the age of a dying star to that of a relatively newborn star. Solely empowered by the hope of the population that relied on it, in turn empowering the Blue Lantern who then collects and uses it for the purpose of transformation. The ability bypasses the need for ring energy expenditure.
- Fear Depletion: As fear is the belief of imminent demise, hope is the belief of imminent success. As such, Blue Lantern Rings are capable of depleting the energy of Qwardian Power Rings.
- Avarice Immunity: A blue ring is not vulnerable to the Orange Lantern Corps' favored tactic of draining energy from other Corps' rings. The reason of this is that while Avarice erodes Will, it can't consume Hope, thus rendering Avarice useless against Hope.
- Rage Removal: If a subject has been infected with the red light of rage, a Blue Power Ring can create a vision of the subject's greatest hope to calm and heal them. In the case of John Stewart, it showed him a vision of being reunited with his dead wife Katma Tui. The process behind the removal is part spiritual and part medical. The infected goes through a cellular cleansing while the spiritual levels are analyzed and antitoxins are then administrated. When the spiritual connection is connected the blood production begins to increase. The end result releases those infected.
- Flight: By the manipulation of anti-gravitons and directed molecular movement, the ring allows the user to fly at incredible speeds.
- Wormholes & Spacial Warps: The power ring grants its wearer access to wormholes in space, enabling the ring wielder to rapidly cut time and distance needed for transport. Black holes can be navigated by experienced ring wielders.
- Limited Cellular Regeneration: This ring has an ability to heal physical injuries. Blue Lanterns can use the ring to repair injuries in themselves or others.
- Electromagnetic Scanning: The ring has a wide range of detection abilities based on the imagination of the user. If one can conceive of it, they can detect it. Magical effects like clairvoyance, seem to be the most difficult for the ring. All electromagnetic phenomena are within the range of the ring, including radio, television, infrared, ultraviolet, and high frequency band communications.
- Universal Translator: Keeping in mind the myriad of worlds, life forms, and cultures throughout the cosmos, it is understandable why Guardians of Hope added a translation system to the power ring.
- Material Alteration: The Blue Lantern's uniform is not made out of fabric. It is created by the Power Ring whenever the wearer wills to wear it. It automatically appears over the wearer's normal clothing, and vanishes when the wearer wills to return to their civilian attire. Most Blue Lantern wear similar uniforms that are programmed into the ring by default. However, each Blue Lantern is able to adjust their uniform to fit their own needs, personalities and whims.
- Precognition: Upon receiving the ring, Blue Lanterns will experience a moment of the future by the Blue Light, directly related to the wielder and with the express purpose of lifting their hopes.
Energy Interference: As the continuing power of the ring's connection of "universal hope", it has a tendency to cause a form of interference to other power sources.
Willpower Symbiosis: Hope is the most powerful emotion in the emotional spectrum, but it cannot reach it's full potential without willpower to enact it. In order for the blue power ring to function, it needs the aura of green willpower, supplied by a Green Lantern Ring to be in proximity to it; otherwise, the ring will only allow limited flight, limited energy projection and constructs, and protection from the vacuum of space. Starman's sonic crystal seemed to provide a similar effect.
Lack of Hope: If the wielder of the ring loses hope the power ring will cease to work.
Like other power rings the Blue Lantern rings have an advanced, almost sentient A.I. which can communicate with the ring bearer. As with other rings corresponding to their colors, the blue rings emphasize hope and are programmed to spread it.
- Appearances of Blue Lantern Ring
- Item Gallery: Blue Lantern Ring
- Quotations by Blue Lantern Ring
- Images featuring Blue Lantern Ring
Links and References

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Vision StatementTo become a proud institution with the guiding principle of "giving is the true art of living", and help prevent kidney disease by education and early diagnosis, providing good affordable healthcare solutions and promoting organ donation as the supreme gift of life.
- Educate the public about risk factors, and early detection strategies to prevent kidney disease
- Providing a platform for early diagnosis and treatment for kidney disease
- Creating awareness about options for end stage kidney disease
- Providing affordable solutions for all treatment options
- Promoting organ donation and creating awareness for the same
- Encouraging all to carry forward the principle of giving as the art of true living


text:
Where did your Ancestor Arrive in Canada?
From 1865 on, most immigrants to Canada arrived at the port of Quebec,
and during the winter months,at the ports of New
York, New York, Boston, Massachusetts,
Portland, ME and later to Halifax,
Nova Scotia and Saint John, New
There were smaller ports of arrival that you should consider -
Your ancestor may have arrived at an American Port and then travelled
across the Canada-U.S. border to settle.
You may want to check the 5 major ports of arrival in USA: New
York New York, Philadelphia Pennsylvania,
Baltimore Maryland, Boston
Massachusetts and New Orleans Louisiana
Think about where your ancestor settled. Then choose a port of arrival
that was closest. If your ancestor did not settle in or near a Port City,
which arrival port had the most common, the fastest, the easiest or the
cheapest route to get to your ancestor's local settlement area?
records and land records to see where your immigrant ancestor settled


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Females and males in the range of 5 to 10mm.
Slim and pale-coloured. Often found together with a silken nest, the'sac'. Identification of the relevant species is possible only on the basis of microscopic characters.
Cheiracanthium species are common in many parts of the world, including Europe. The species most likely to be responsible for a bite include: C. punctorium (Europe); C. mildei (Europe and N. America); C. inclusum (North, Central and South America); C. lawrencei (South Africa); and C. japonicum (Japan). Imported species are frequently associated with grapes.
Some species of the genus bite readily if their movements are restricted. Typically, the bite is sharp and painful, with pain, immediate and radiating, lasting for 30-45 mins, plus erythema and swelling. A wheal may develop, producing a necrotic area which can take 8 weeks to heal. Cheiracanthium lawrencei is said to be capable of causing cutaneous necrosis. Pain or numbness at the site of the bite may be followed by sweating and nausea lasting for up to 24 hours. After 48 hours, necrotic scar tissue may develop around the site of the bite (Newlands et al., 1980).


1. Home /
 2. Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
Crusher Ponsel Elang
D1 and d2 are parameters that are characteristic of the crusher They are determined primarily by the setting of the crusher Data from operating crusher machines indicate that both d1 and d2 are proportional to the closed side setting d1 is the smallest sie particle that can be retained in the crushing one during the opening phase of the cycle.
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% You need the following packages in the main file to let this entry work: % \usepackage[english,ngerman]{babel} multilingual support % \usepackage{url} urls formatting % \usepackage{hyperref} make url klickable, recommended % Just put them into the preamble of the main.tex-file. % You should possibly make some changes to the typography of this entry, % e.g. quotation marks. % Which fields of this entry will be shown in the bibliography depends on the bibtex-style, which you use _USER_{oai:export, author = {Holger Heitsch and Hernan Leövey and Werner Römisch}, title = {Are Quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms efficient for two-stage stochastic programs?}, series = {Stochastic Programming E-Print Series}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Institut für Mathematik}, editor = { Julie L. Higle and Werner Römisch and Surrajeet Sen }, WernerRömischSurrajeetSenabstract = {Quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms are studied for designing discrete approximations of two-stage linear stochastic programs. Their integrands are piecewise linear, but neither smooth nor lie in the function spaces considered for QMC error analysis. We show that under some weak geometric condition on the two-stage model all terms of their ANOVA decomposition, except the one of highest order, are smooth. Hence, Quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms may achieve the optimal rate of convergence $O(n^{-1+\delta}$ with $\delta \in (0,\frac{1}{2}]$ and a constant not depending on the dimension. The geometric condition is shown to be generically satis fied if the underlying distribution is normal. We discuss sensitivity indices, e ffective dimensions and dimension reduction techniques for two-stage integrands. Numerical experiments show that indeed convergence rates close to the optimal rate are achieved when using randomly scrambled Sobol' point sets and randomly shifted lattice rules accompanied with suitable dimension reduction techniques.}, note = {unpublished} url = { \url{_URL_ }, url = { \url{urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100204148} }, number = { 5}, timestamp = {2015-10-06T12:29:04Z} }


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How Tech Is Changing Warfare
Technology is helping to better train soldiers, as the military incorporates gaming and entertainment software into increasingly sophisticated battle simulations.
How do soldiers "practice" for war? The classic picture of military training consists of heavy drills and grueling tests of endurance, as well as field exercises. But powerful, highly realistic simulation technology is drawing increasingly on gaming and entertainment software, mocking up intense, highly realistic war scenarios for soldier training and likely changing the nature of warfare itself.
Simulation was once the fever dream of sci-fi authors and "Star Trek" fans longing for real-life holodecks, but the technology has been employed and developed in military training for some time now, providing a less dangerous and less expensive alternative to field training on real equipment, which often leads to serious accidents and damage.
Serious integration of battle simulation into military training ramped after the Gulf War, according to The Economist. The Gulf War's so-called Battle of 73 Easting, named after geolocation coordinates of the fight, found a small U.S. scout unit triumphing over a larger Iraqi force in the desert it stumbled upon in 1991.
Though outnumbered, the U.S. destroyed 28 Iraqi tanks, 16 armored vehicles and 39 trucks without suffering one U.S. casualty. The battle is considered a seminal example of U.S. military tactical maneuvering, and the Department of Defense wanted to create a digital training model of the battle for its soldiers.
The demo the DoD created was highly touted in D.C. during the 90s and sparked off "heavy-duty funding" for combat simulators, according to Timothy Lenoir of Duke University to the Economist. The influx of funding created highly sophisticated simulation software with a powerful attention to detail that can train soldiers in both the tactical strategy of battles, as well as war's often overwhelming sensory overload and unique psychological pressures.
Sophisticated simulations can mimic conditions that ramp up trainees' stress and duress under attack by increasing the frequency and intensity of problems faced in the virtual battle. Communications in these scenarios can be delayed or garbled, virtual enemies can switch to deadlier weapons and numbers of enemies can swell, for example.
Experimenting with variables in a battle simulation not only trains the soldiers on the ground but allows commanders to decide what strategies work best on the field. Because simulated battles run on software, commanders can see different points of view in the battle and name points of weakness and improvements in various strategies. Those strategies could play out in game-like scenarios, letting them swap in and out various factors -- type of weapons, choice of armor, number of vehicles -- and testing for different outcomes.
The result is a better-trained, better-prepared battle force -- as well as a lucrative sector of technology that is still growing with powerful influences from the gaming and entertainment world.
New Influences: Gaming and Entertainment Tech
Though simulations cost much less than real-life training and are far less dangerous, the software and equipment is still expensive -- and highly profitable for companies that specialize in it.
Paris-based Antycip Simulation, for example, makes simulation software ranging from control-room training laptops to training "pods" of visually immersive studios for foot soldiers. The company raked in $15 million in 2011 by selling its software and equipment to over 15 governments in Africa, Europe and North America, and its sales continue to rise. In the U.S., military contractor Lockheed Martin sold two F-16 fighter-jet simulators for $24.5 million to the government.
The expense of simulation software and equipment continues to rise, which could give an opening for gaming and entertainment companies who use similar technologies. Marietta, Ga.-based Motion Reality developed technology used to animate movies like "Avatar" and "Lord of the Rings" trilogy and recently built a mixed-reality fight simulator called VIRTSIM in collaboration with defense contractor Raytheon.
With the VIRTSIM, trainees wear high-res 3D-capable goggles that deliver images wirelessly to the users' field of vision. In a basketball-sized area, trainees can interact with real objects as well as computer-generated enemies and locations, registering real shocks and pains when shot or hit through electrodes attached to their skin. The FBI began the VIRTSIM in January, and a Middle Eastern country is also using the simulator.
Movie technology is finding a way into military simulations, but gaming software is also making inroads into the sector as well. Gaming company Epic is licensing its Unreal gaming engine, which rendered games like "Mass Effect" and "Infinity Blade," to Virtual Heroes, an interaction learning simulation company in Raleigh, N.C., as part of the Unreal Government Network.
Through the agreement, the U.S. government will use the technology to help train various units and agencies in the U.S., including military units and the FBI, which will create a multiplayer crime scene simulator to train its cadets, according to GameSpot. Additionally, a top defense contractor and a national lab will use Epic's engine to render custom visualizations.
The Army will also use Epic's technology through a collaboration with Virtual Heroes and Duke University to create a training simulation for military physicians, proving the tech can find a place outside the battlefield.
Gaming software is increasingly important to the military, according to Col. Robert White, deputy commander of the U.S. Army's Combined Arms Center-Training.
"Every leader struggles with limited time, dollars and resources," said White at an Army conference in March. "Those same leaders know it's better to practice something first before you do it for real in live training. Live training is where our highest risk and greatest expense comes from."
Using gaming engines to create high-level sims, however, lowers the cost of creating virtual training environments, and the software's sophistication allows each recruit to be trained in valuable situational and decision-making scenarios multiple times -- without undue expense or loss of life.
"Gaming already has changed the way the Army trains and educates -- changed it for the better," White said.
Out on the Battlefield
Gaming and entertainment software is transforming military training and will likely lead to better-trained armed forces, but the technology itself will also find its way to the battlefield. According to Bruno de Roodenbeke, a former French army general who now advises French simulation firm MASA Group, simulation software is now being used in combat.
In some battles, commanders can use simulation technology to test out various strategies and scenarios before sending orders to ground troops on the field, says Roodenbeke. The ability to make mistakes and take risks virtually, without loss of life, will likely profoundly transform the conduct of war itself, potentially reducing casualties on the battlefield.
Blurring the lines between gaming, entertainment and the military in technology, of course, points to larger philosophical debates on how the "gamification" of war will impact the perception of violence and killing in the name of national interest. Some believe the trend will distort how the public sees warfare, while others believe it won't desensitize the "players" of the game to the violence they are inflicting.
The debate reopened recently with revelations that Norway mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik used the game "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2" for target practice. Breivik eventually killed 77 people in a shooting spree last summer.
The relationship between technology and its effects on violence will likely always be debated. But war remains a fact of life and a persistent reality in nearly every part of the world, and evolving technology could confer a strong strategic and tactical advantage in an endgame that must always have a victor. ♦
Categories: Beyond Technology


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Windows 7 automatically assigns drive letters to hard-drives, DVD-ROMS, and USB/External Drives, etc. as you install or connect them. If the default letters aren't catching your fancy for whatever reason (I like to reserve Z: for my External Backup drive for instance), Windows has a built-in feature which allows you to change the drive letter assignment. You can change it to any letter of the English alphabet except A. Windows 7 reserves the A: Drive for the all but extinct legacy floppy disk.
How To Change Your Hard-Drive Letter In Windows 7
1. Click the Windows Start Orb and then Right-Click Computer and Click Manage from the context menu.
2. Click Storage > Disk Management from the left panel. Next Right-Click the drive letter that you would like to change and Click Change Drive Letter and Paths.
3. Select the drive letter you would like to change then Click Change. In the pop-up dialog use the drop-down box to Select a new drive letter. Click OK to save and exit both windows.
Now your drive should have the new letter you just assigned to it. Have fun with the groovy customization of hard-drive letters in Windows 7!
Note: A word of caution – In most cases changing drive letters is not a risky endeavor. However, if the drive you're changing has software already installed on it, then changing that drive letter could break the installed applications.


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Osgood and Schramm's Circular Model of Communication (1954) was an attempt to rectify the earlier linear models of communication. It can happen within our self (Intra personal communication) or two people (Inter personal communication) each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding, interpreting and decoding.
Wilbur Schramm (1954) stated "It is misleading to think of the communications process as starting somewhere and ending somewhere. It is really endless. We are little switchboard centers [sic] handling and re-routing the great endless current of information". Therefore, the Circular model is devoted to two actors who reciprocate in identical functions throughout: encoding, decoding, and interpreting. Additionally the model offers some explanation in semantic noise and interpersonal communication and how these might affect the communication process as a whole. The model presented by Osgood and Schramm shows not only the transmission and hearing of a message, but offers explanations in how it can be perceived and understood. The process of understanding what has been said can vary widely from person to person as there will always be a degree of semantic noise to be taken into account, such as cultural differences, background, socioeconomics, education and values. Advantage of OsgoodSchramm model of communication
1. Dynamic modelShows how a situation can change.
2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part.
3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person 4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
Disadvantage of OsgoodSchramm model of communication
This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.


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Born: Oct 01, 1730 AD
Died: 1781 AD, at 50 years of age.
1730 - Richard Stockton, son of a wealthy landowner and judge, was born on the 1st of October at Morven, the family estate and his lifelong home, at Princeton, New Jersey.
1748 - He graduated from the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University), then in Newark but relocated 8 years hence at Princeton.
1754 - He completed an apprenticeship with a Newark lawyer and joined the bar.
1755 - He wed poetess Annis Boudinot, by whom he had two sons and four daughters.
1764 - He advocated American representation in Parliament, but during the Stamp Act crisis the next year questioned its right to control the Colonies at all.
1766 - He sailed on its behalf to Scotland to recruit Rev. John Witherspoon for the presidency. Aiding in this endeavor, complicated by the opposition of Witherspoon's wife, was Benjamin Rush, a fellow alumnus then enrolled at the University of Edinburgh.
1774 - 1776 - He began a 6-year term on the executive council of New Jersey and then sat on the provincial Supreme Court.
1774 - He was espousing colonial self-rule under the Crown. Elected to Congress 2 years later, he voted for independence and signed the Declaration.
1776 - In November, while inspecting the northern Continental Army in upper New York State with fellow Congressman George Clymer, he hurried home when he learned of the British invasion of New Jersey and removed his family to a friend's home in Monmouth County.
1781 - He died at Princeton in 1781 at the age of 50. He is buried at the Stony Brook Quaker Meeting House Cemetery.
Page last updated: 11:21am, 09th Apr '07


Implementing Techtivities to Promote Students' Covariational Reasoning in College Algebra (ITSCoRe)
Leveraging Desmos—a freely available digital math tool,
ITSCoRe will accomplish a threefold goal:
 1. Develop and validate an instrument measuring students' covariational reasoning
 2. Promote students' outcomes in college algebra by increasing student engagement and enhancing students' covariational reasoning
 3. Promote purposeful, engaged students by drawing connections between students' views of themselves as doers of mathematics, their success in college algebra (as measured by their performance on a common final exam and their final course grade), and their performance on a covariational reasoning instrument.


Evaluating the importance of metamorphism in the foundering of continental crust
Timothy Chapman*, Geoffrey L. Clarke, Sandra Piazolo, Nathan R. Daczko
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
10 Citations (Scopus)
8 Downloads (Pure)
The metamorphic conditions and mechanisms required to induce foundering in deep arc crust are assessed using an example of representative lower crust in SW New Zealand. Composite plutons of Cretaceous monzodiorite and gabbro were emplaced at ~1.2 and 1.8 GPa are parts of the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO); examples of the plutons are tectonically juxtaposed along a structure that excised ~25 km of crust. The 1.8 GPa Breaksea Orthogneiss includes suitably dense minor components (e.g. eclogite) capable of foundering at peak conditions. As the eclogite facies boundary has a positive dP/dT, cooling from supra-solidus conditions (T > 950 C) at high-P should be accompanied by omphacite and garnet growth. However, a high monzodioritic proportion and inefficient metamorphism in the Breaksea Orthogneiss resulted in its positive buoyancy and preservation. Metamorphic inefficiency and compositional relationships in the 1.2 GPa Malaspina Pluton meant it was never likely to have developed densities sufficiently high to founder. These relationships suggest that the deep arc crust must have primarily involved significant igneous accumulation of garnet-clinopyroxene (in proportions >75%). Crustal dismemberment with or without the development of extensional shear zones is proposed to have induced foundering of excised cumulate material at P > 1.2 GPa.
Original languageEnglish
Article number13039
Number of pages12
JournalScientific Reports
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 12 Oct 2017
Bibliographical note
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text:
Definition - What does Home Key mean?
The Home key is a key found on most physical and virtual keyboards and is supported by most operating systems. The Home key is supported by certain software applications as well. The primary functionality of the Home key in most applications is to return the cursor to the beginning of a line, document, page, screen or worksheet cell based on the position of the cursor.
Techopedia explains Home Key
The Home key helps in navigation of applications or a word processing programs. It is most commonly used to make the cursor move to the beginning of the line in a text editing program. The Home key has the opposite functionality of the End key.
Keyboards which do not have a Home key, usually due to limited size, can achieve the same functionality with the combination of a function key and the left arrow key. If a document is not editable, the Home key can help in scrolling the scrollable document to the beginning in operating systems like Microsoft and Linux. This is in addition to the functionality involving text editing applications, where the Home key can help return the cursor to the beginning of the document or the current line. Along with other function keys, the Home key can provide different functions like selecting all characters in a selectable text before the cursor, by pressing a combination of the Home and Shift keys simultaneously. In software applications, the Home key can have different functions such as reaching the menu screen.
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text:
Casa dos Ventos portfolio is the largest in Brazil. To get here, we have spent years of research developing a proprietary methodology to identify and assess the main wind resources of the country. We have established a factory to produce measurement towers that enables us to have the largest campaign of anemometric measurements in the country.
LIDAR campaign in Jacobina - BA
Low Uncertainty in Power Generation
Besides having over 450 measurement towers generating information for our projects, we use remote sensing devices to validate our models and reduce uncertainties in the estimates of energy production.
Casa dos Ventos uses two types of remote sensing equipment: LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging and SODAR (Sound Detection and Ranging). The LIDAR and SODAR use the Doppler effect through beams of light and sound, respectively. The great advantages are the capability to operate them with great mobility in the field and to measure the wind up to 200m of height.
Another procedure that we have adopted in order to reduce uncertainties in the assessment of the wind resource is the laser profiling of the projects' topography. Through this survey, we have a greater accuracy of the terrain and vegetation, variables that have influence on the flow of the wind.
We believe that knowledge through research is what keeps us in a leading position in the Brazilian wind sector. For this, we have entered into strategic partnerships with equipment suppliers, software developers and independent certifiers, among others, always with the objective to exchange information and technology. These are some of the initiatives that qualify our staff and make Casa dos Ventos the only Brazilian company to submit technical studies and reports at the leading international wind energy conferences.
SODAR measurement in Simões - PI


text:
Date: May 1972
Creator: Khan, Mohamed Afzal
Description: The purpose of this investigation is to explore the policies of the government of British India and of the independent Republic of India relative to their impact on organizational structure, management practices and styles, and management education in business organizations in India. The British, who were responsible for the growth of some of the organized industries in India, also gave the country, among other things, a modern educational system. They left India, however, with a limited industrial base. There was a serious shortage of professional managers to meet the demands of growing industry. Upon independence, the national government through its policies encouraged the development of business and industries and brought awareness among business managers of the importance of management education.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
Certain regions of the world are in timezones with Daylight Savings Time (DST) where the clocks change by an hour twice a year. Different timezones have DST on different dates and some have none at all. A quick Google search will show you when your (and your students') changes are, if any.
Don't worry, it's not as hard to figure out as it can first seem! Cambly's system automatically makes these changes for you on the system. Here are some things to keep in mind:
1. Timezone setting
Make sure you're in the correct Location and Timezone by checking the settings in your tutor profile, and the settings on your computer. If you make any changes, make sure you click'save' and then log out and back in to see the changes on your schedule.
2. Preparing your schedule for your DST change
Lesson times, reservation blocks or Priority Hours you see on your schedule before your DST change will appear the same after your DST change. These scheduled times will not change.
For Example: In September, you accept a reservation for November 10th at 8:00am. The Daylight Savings Time change takes place on November 5th. After the DST change, your reservation will still appear on November 10th at 8:00am.
3. Organizing your schedule post DST change
If you want the lesson time to stay the same for you, leave it as is. If you want the lesson time to stay the same for your student, please schedule the reservation either +1 or -1 hour after the DST change.
If I want my student to have the same reservation time, how do I know whether to add or take an hour from the lesson time?
If you are entering DST (springing forward) add 1 hour to the reservation time.
If you are leaving DST (falling back) subtract 1 hour from the reservation time.
4. Preparing your schedule for a student's DST change
If your student is changing their time but you are not, you have two options.
- You can leave the lesson time the same. This means the lesson time will be one hour different for your student.
- If you would like to keep the lesson time the same for your student, please schedule the reservation either +1 or -1 hour after the DST change.
5. Repeating Lessons
If you want the lesson time to stay the same for your student, please schedule the repeating lesson up until the date of your DST change, and then schedule a new repeat lesson +1 or -1 hour after that date. If you already have months of future repeating lessons reserved, you can cancel repeating lessons from a certain date onwards. Then, create a new repeating reservation with the new time.


text:
You know when it's time to get a teleprompter for your production.
Students can't keep eye contact with the camera, the amount of material becomes too much to memorize, and taping your production takes way too long. What might not be so clear is how best to incorporate teleprompters so they do what you've brought them in to do: raise the quality of your production while speeding up production turnaround.
Setting the Stage
Nothing is more important to raising the quality and speed of production than pre-production. When you're well prepared, everything goes more smoothly and pre-production for teleprompting begins with the script. In many school productions, the students are writing and presenting their own scripts, which can be a huge advantage. When talent writes their own scripts they get the chance to write in a conversational style that suits the way they present. Writing in a natural, conversational voice makes reading the script in the teleprompter much easier and will come across to the audience as if talent has memorized the entire thing – just what you want!
If you have a larger team with separate writers and talent, there are a couple of guidelines you can give your writers to make sure the scripts can be read easily and naturally. The first is to use contractions, such as she'll or let's, whenever possible. This is the way most people naturally speak but isn't always the first instinct of a writer when putting pen to paper. The exception is for any time a writer intends to convey emphasis. Separating contracted words in live speech will draw attention to the phrase by slowing the pace of the phrase over the modifiers. "Students can't wait for summer and are making vacation plans already," becomes "Students cannot wait for summer and are making vacations plans already."
The second guideline for writers is to have them read their own work out loud. Nothing reveals awkward sentence structure, or problems with the larger context, faster. A sentence that stands well on its own can often be too long or too short when read aloud. Pacing the writing for natural speech will make reading the script on the teleprompter easy and consistent.
The last guideline to follow when writing scripts for the teleprompter is to format with lots of space. This means a double carriage return after every single sentence:
Principal Jorgenson lead the faculty basketball team to a win against the seniors at this year's Student Faculty Games.
The game went into double overtime before Principal Jorgenson was able to put it away with a miracle shot from half court.
Josh McCrary, defensive guard for the seniors, said he couldn't believe it when he saw Principal Jorgenson taking the shot.
When the script is imported into the prompter software, the larger format and restricted screen dimensions make it much harder for talent to see the wider context of the script, so adding space after each sentence will give them the cue they need for spacing out the sentences naturally. This also means that indentations should be omitted as they will use up very valuable real estate on the prompter's video output.
Getting the Look
Along with the art of script writing, your prompter operators and script supervisors can up their game by formatting the text to optimize the reading experience for talent. This starts with the font. Many years of experience have shown that sans-serif fonts are the very best. They are cleaner and much easier to read in a prompter than what might be your default font in your word processing program: Times New Roman. The Times New Roman font has "feet", or "serifs", that mark the bottom of the each letter. When filling a screen with these types of characters, the definition of each letter becomes less obvious and the reader will get tired much more quickly. This means more errors and more takes.
Using a sans-serif font does have a challenge – differentiating between a capital "I" and a lower case "L." Facilities that don't give talent the benefit of reviewing a script will write scripts in only capital letters to avoid possible confusion. This isn't always a net plus, though, so take your cue from talent as to whether this helps or not.
Color should also be considered. Most prompter software packages will default to white text on black background – and for good reason. This provides the needed contrast to read the prompter text while also minimizing the amount of light being shone in the hood of the prompter. Using white background with black text can shine so much light into the prompter hood that it changes the white balance and iris settings of the camera and can even introduce unwanted reflections into the lens of the camera.
Blue does not show well on a black background, so using red, yellow and green are your best bets for marking a header in a distinctive manner. One should refrain from using full texts in any color, though, as this is also a source of fatigue for talent when reading scripts. A common distinction is to use the inverse rather than a color change to distinguish text that should not be read aloud. This might include labels, like the name of talent to speak the upcoming script, as well as production cues, like which camera is to be read from next or if there is a recorded segment to be played.
Keeping the Pace
Once set with a script that's been approved for production and formatted for optimal readability, it's time to go live! Thus begins the delicate dance of pace between the scrolling text and talent's read rate. It will be quickly evident that the script can't be set at a constant scroll speed if talent is to read in a natural cadence. There are lots of phrases and sentences that might not be quick to read. A list of names might sound very robotic at a constant rate, and talent may need to pause before difficult words to stop the pronunciation sounding rushed and muddy. On the other hand, a series of very short words can be spoken much faster.
The answer? A scroll controller. This allows an operator to increase and decrease the speed to match the natural reading cadence of talent. The most popular scroll controllers offer smooth acceleration and deceleration via a rotary wheel you turn with your hand. You'll also find foot controllers along with wireless versions of both hand and foot controllers that give you maximum flexibility. These controller options can even allow talent to control the scroll speed themselves – which may be the only option if your production team is too small to afford you the luxury of a dedicated prompter operator. Either way, some practice will be required for both talent and operator to get a feel for how the controller responds and to learn the patterns of speech talent uses to communicate the script they're reading.
Most prompter programs offer a target that give both the operator and talent a position to aim for. Often called a "cue marker," this will usually be an icon on the left margin of the script with a constant position relative to the scrolling text. The mission for both operator and talent is to keep the text and the spoken word as close to the cue marker position as possible to best coordinate their pacing. The most experienced operators will have an intuition that your students will develop as they work with the system. Even talent that control the scroll themselves will need some time to get the feel for how to coordinate the script position with their speaking pace.
Taking it Live!
You've written your scripts. You've formatted your prompter text. You've practiced your reading. Now, let's polish it up! There's a reason people on camera are called "talent." When on-camera, it's not helpful to simply read as if you're reading to yourself – there's an art to inflection and presentation that communicates a message more than simply reading words ever can. There's certainly a bit of talent that goes into looking natural and comfortable on camera, but there are a few tips that can help a beginner up their game significantly.
Use your peripheral vision. There's a strong temptation for inexperienced presenters to focus their eyes on every word that scrolls past, but locking your vision onto words as they pass causes shifty eyes and give the viewership an uneasy feeling. In contrast, a small bit of effort to use peripheral vision will give the audience a steady gaze that will come across as confident and personable. Blinking is helpful, of course, not just to lubricate your eyes, but also to break up what might become an uncomfortable stare.
Use your voice. There is absolutely nothing worse than listening to someone read in a droll monotone. Make sure to allow the pitch of your voice to rise and fall with the phrase's pacing. This not only gives the script some variation and depth, but also helps to form the phrases for the audience so they can better follow along with the sentence and paragraph structure. Don't forget to pause and slow down at the parts of sentences that hold particular importance – a common error is to read through everything as fast as you can which causes names and actions to get lost in the rapid-fire barrage of words.
Use your body. While it's not particularly helpful to be tossing your head back and throwing jazz hands like a muppet, it is helpful to subtly use your head, hands and shoulders to help communicate the tone of your message. Serious tones can be communicated with folded hands and slight nods when coming to the end of a sentence. Negative tones are communicated by turning your head from one side to the other, and directive tones can be communicated by lowering your hand at the point of emphasis. Urgency can be communicated by leaning forward and passiveness by leaning slightly backward. Nodding and even slow blinking can be used to communicate agreement or approval. Peppering your performance with these small movements can bring an otherwise flat read to life.
Bringing it Home


text: In recent years, progress in the fields of development and proteoglycan biology have produced converging evidence of the role of proteoglycans in morphogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that proteoglycans are involved in several distinct morphogenetic pathways upon which they act at different levels. In particular, proteoglycans can determine the generation of morphogen gradients and be required for their signal transduction. The surface of most cells and the extracellular matrix are decorated by heparan sulfates which are the most common glycosaminoglycans, normally present as heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Considerable structural heterogeneity is generated in proteoglycans by the biosynthetic modification of their heparan sulfate chains as well as by the diverse nature of their different core proteins. This heterogeneity provides an impressive potential for protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions, and can partly explain the diversity of proteoglycan involvement in different morphogenetic pathways. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about mutations affecting heparan sulfate proteoglycans that influence the function of growth factor pathways essential for tissue assembly, differentiation and development. The comparison of data obtained in Drosophila, rodents and humans reveals that mutations affecting the proteoglycan core proteins or one of the biosynthetic enzymes of their heparan sulfate chains have profound effects on growth and morphogenesis. Further research will complete the picture, but current evidence shows that at the very least, heparan sulfate proteoglycans need to be counted as legitimate elements of morphogenetic pathways that have been maintained throughout evolution as determinant mechanisms of pattern formation.


text:
Lesson Plan - Get It!
You counted down the days and it's finally here! The video game you have been waiting for was released. At Store A, the game costs $126. At Store B, the game costs $134. Which store has the better buy?
To begin, let's review how to find the place value of a three-digit number.
Look at the number "795."
- The last digit on the right is in the ones place. The number 795 has 5 ones.
- The next digit to the left is in the tens place. The number 795 has 9 groups of ten.
- The next number to the left is in the hundreds place. The number 795 has 7 groups of one hundred.
We can use place value to compare two numbers. Let's use our video game example to find the better buy. Follow these simple steps to compare the two prices:
Step 1: Count the digits.
Step 2: Compare the hundreds place value.
Step 3: Compare the tens place value.
Step 4: Compare the ones place value.
Let's take another look at our example:
Step 1: Count the digits. Both 126 and 134 have 3 digits in the number. They have the same number of digits.
Step 2: Compare the hundreds place value. Both numbers have 100 in the hundreds place value. They have the same value in the hundreds place.
Step 3: Compare the tens place value. The number 126 has 20 in the tens place. The number 134 has 30 in the tens place. 20 is less than 30. So, 126 is smaller than 134.
Therefore, 126 is the smallest number. 134 is the greatest number.
Now you know that $126 is less than $134. You better head over to Store A before all the video games are gone!
Can you think of another time when you might need to compare two numbers? Tell your parent or teacher why comparing two numbers is important.
Then move to the Got It? section for a comparison activity.


I know that in German the words "ein" or "eine" are often dropped when referring to a person's occupation or role. Is this always the case from a grammatical point of view? Or is it a matter of style?
Er ist Lehrer.
Er ist ein Lehrer. (?)
I want to translate the following sentence, for example:
Samuel de Champlain was a talented map-maker, or cartographer.
Would it be correct to use the indefinite article here?
Samuel de Champlain war ein begabter Kartenzeichner, oder Kartograf.
Would it also be correct without the article? (It sounds wrong to me).
Samuel de Champlain war begabter Kartenzeichner, oder Kartograf.
Thank you very much.
You can (and should) drop the article when you convey that someone is part of something. For instance, if you're saying that someone 'is teacher', you say that they belong to the group of teachers.
That rule does not only apply to profession, but also to nationality, origin, etc.
Er ist Lehrer.
You also drop the article in [verb + als]:
Er arbeitet als Lehrer.
In all other cases–in respect to your very example, that is professions–you must not drop the article. Thus, you're last sentence is wrong.
Er ist ein begabter Lehrer.
You can read more on this on canoo.net.
Your Answer


text:
The word envelope is derived from the French word enveloppe (from envelopper, which means to envelop).
There are a number of difficulties in spelling this tricky word. Native French speakers often struggle with envelope in English because it has one p rather than two. But even native English speakers can have trouble: namely, understanding when to use envelope and when to use envelop.
Envelope (with an e, pronounced Ehn-vuh-LOPE or Ahn-vuh-LOPE) is a noun meaning a wrapper or enclosure. When applied to aircraft or other technology, it means a set of accepted performance limits. This is where we get the phrase "pushing the envelope."
The explorers were excited when the new spacecraft was completed. They hoped to push the envelope of space exploration during their upcoming voyage.
Envelop (without the e, pronounced ehn-VEH-lup) is a verb meaning to completely enclose or surround something. Like many other verbs, -ed is added to the end when it is used in the past tense (enveloped).
The black velvet night enveloped the explorers' spacecraft as they sped away from the Earth to a faraway galaxy.
For several years, Earth heard nothing from the brave pioneers. The head of the Space Exploration Agency felt as if he were enveloped in despair. His daughter had insisted on joining the outbound team, and now she was lost to him. He wondered why he even bothered to come in to the office any more.
Then one day he walked in and discovered a strangely glowing envelope on his desk. He carefully opened it up and read the words, "We made it, Dad!"
There was a blaze of warm light, and he felt his daughter's arms envelop him in an enormous hug.
Bonus Word: Endeavour
Endeavour is another tricky word to spell.
Endeavour is also tricky because the ending is spelled -our in British English and -or in American English. Even NASA had trouble getting this one sorted out.
Which spelling do you prefer, endeavor or endeavour? And where will you go exploring today?
Picture of space shuttle Endeavour from NASA
Stay tuned for tomorrow's post, where I will flatten the formidable letter F…
© Sue Archer and Doorway Between Worlds, 2015


text:
The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act (H.R. 4986) (often abbreviated DIDMCA or MCA) is a United States federal financial statute passed in 1980 and signed by President Jimmy Carter on March 31st. It gave the Federal Reserve greater control over non-member banks.
- It forced all banks to abide by the Fed's rules.
- It allowed banks to merge.
- It removed the power of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors under the Glass–Steagall Act to use Regulation Q to set maximum interest rates for any deposit accounts other than demand deposit accounts (with a six-year phase-out).
- It allowed NOW Accounts to be offered nationwide.
- It raised the deposit insurance of US banks and credit unions from $40,000 to $100,000.
- It allowed credit unions and savings and loans to offer checkable deposits.
- It allowed institutions to charge any loan interest rates they choose.
- It required that banks be charged Fed Float for use of funds received before clearing between depository institutions.


text:
even when CO2 concentrations are low.
-CAM plants are those that use CAM to fix carbon. They open their stomata at night, and this incorporates CO2 into organic acids. During the day, they close their stomata to reduce the chance of dehydration and CO2 is now released from organic acid in the calvin cycle.
Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece "Biology 8th edition"


text:
Smarter Living: Chemical Index
N-hexane, a solvent common in many home maintenance and arts and crafts products, such as spray adhesives, contact cement, paints and stain removers, is a toxic chemical that causes nerve damage.
Short term exposure to n-hexane affects the brain and can cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, nausea, clumsiness, drowsiness and other effects similar to drunkenness.
Effects on the brain can be long-lasting and possibly permanent if exposures are high and recur frequently. Repeated exposure to n-hexane over weeks or months can damage nerves in the feet, legs, hands and arms, causing numbness and tingling--a condition known as peripheral neuropathy. Other symptoms may include a reduced ability to sense touch, pain, vibration and temperature. Muscles may become weak, and in severe cases, may shrink, waste or become paralyzed.
When n-hexane is combined with other solvents, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, nerve damage is increased.
N-hexane is easily inhaled and can be absorbed through the skin.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Household Products Database lists 54 products that contain n-hexane. Half of these products also contain solvents that increase n-hexane nerve damage. The majority are used for home maintenance and arts and crafts, including spray adhesives, contact cement paints and stain remover. Nine are automotive products, such as brake cleaners and spray degreasers for automotive repair.
Many consumers purchase and use these products without being aware of the health risks.
Avoid automotive products, paints, stain removers and glues that list n-hexane as an ingredient.
Safer alternatives, such as water-based adhesives, vegetableand terpene-based cleaners and water-based cleaners, can and should replace all uses of n-hexane in consumer products and industrial processes.
Congress introduced legislation in April 2010 to reform the Toxic Substances Control Act, a weak law dating back to 1976 that has failed to protect the American public from harmful chemicals. Reforming chemical policy in this country can ensure that unsafe chemicals like n-hexane are removed from the market and that new chemicals are tested for safety before being put into use. Support NRDC's efforts to get a good bill passed.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. July 1999.
NRDC's factsheet on hexane
last revised 12/27/2011


text:
While the recent ascent in the price for a barrel of oil would suggest higher gas prices for American consumers, the ascent of oil in recent months has not correlated to an ascent in gas prices. Typically, a $10 rise in the price of oil results with a 24 cent increase in the price for each gallon of gas, as discussed in the past here. This formula is generally accurate as exemplified in the link above in which the average price of gas was correctly calculated two weeks in advance, but the recent appreciation of the US Dollar is testing this formula.
The price of oil has gradually risen from $76 in late September to its current value of about $95, while the average price for a gallon of gas has simultaneously declined from $3.66 per gallon to $3.29 per gallon, according to the US Energy Administration. This nearly $20 rise in the price of oil has not resulted with a corresponding rise for the average price for a gallon of gas, which should have been about 48 cents to about $4.14 per gallon. Thus, the rise in oil suggests a 48 cent rise in the average price for a gallon of gas, yet the average price for a gallon of gas has actually declined 37 cents. As a result, the typically accurate formula for calculating fluctuations in gas prices based on fluctuations in oil prices is not applicable at this time, but which unforeseen variable accounts for this discrepancy?
The recent bounce in the value of the US Dollar (USD) has more than offset this rising cost of oil, thereby creating lower gas prices amid a rise in oil prices. In fact, during the exact same time period of late September to the present, the value of the US Dollar Index, which collectively measures the value of the USD against six other major currencies, hit its lowest point at the end of April in nearly three years, as this past article mentioned, which was about 73 (the higher the USD index, the higher the value of the USD). The USD index "churned" until late September, when a new uptrend for the USD began and broke out above 75. The current value of the USD index is at 80, which exemplifies the gradual rise in the value of the USD against other major currencies since late September, as the chart below shows. Unsurprisingly, the rise in the value of the USD correlates to the decline in gas prices; despite the simultaneous rise in the price of oil.
More specifically, what has caused the new uptrend in the USD? A majority of this rise is due to the fiscal concerns ongoing in Europe. Interestingly, as the debt ceiling issues depreciated the value of the USD last summer, fiscal concerns are now depreciating the Euro. In other words, fiscal domestic problems depreciated the USD this past summer and resulted with a rise in the Euro, yet similar and perhaps even worse debt concerns are now haunting the Euro and has resulted with investors perceiving greater risk in the Euro. As a result, investors are now turning to other risk-aversion currencies, such as the Australian Dollar (AUD), as well as, ironically, the US Dollar. In fact, during late September each Euro was worth about $1.36, but only a few months later each Euro is now only worth about $1.30. Clearly, the recent appreciation of the USD is not only helping Americans who travel oversees, but also the prices of goods that impact our daily lives, such as gas prices.
Additionally, many long-term currency strategists expect the Euro to continue to decline against the USD until March and potentially descend below 1.25. However, a long-term calculation is difficult to recommend at this time, but ceteris paribus, the upcoming new Euro treaty that is due in March may likely continue to cause negative speculation and more risk-aversion away from the Euro, which would increase the value of other major risk-aversion currencies. As mentioned, the AUD and the USD are especially benefiting from the aversion away from the Euro. Traditionally, the Swiss Franc (CHF) has been known as the ultimate risk-aversion currency, but the fiscal problems for the Euro also has a negative impact for the nearby Swiss, as can be seen with the sharp rise of the USD against the CHF since September.
Overall, we can expect a gradual appreciation for the USD in coming months, ceteris paribus, which ought to reduce the average price for a gallon of gas below $3 and perhaps as low as $2.75 in late January, especially in geographic areas where gas is generally cheaper, such as southern states.


text:
Provided by: freebsd-manpages_8.0-1_all
hash, hash32, hash32_buf, hash32_str, hash32_strn, hash32_stre,
hash32_strne - general kernel hashing functions
hash32_buf(const void *buf, size_t len, uint32_t hash);
hash32_str(const void *buf, uint32_t hash);
hash32_strn(const void *buf, size_t len, uint32_t hash);
hash32_stre(const void *buf, int end, const char **ep, uint32_t hash);
hash32_strne(const void *buf, size_t len, int end, const char **ep,
The hash32() functions are used to give a consistent and general
interface to a decent hashing algorithm within the kernel. These
functions can be used to hash ASCII NUL terminated strings, as well as
blocks of memory.
The hash32_buf() function is used as a general buffer hashing function.
The argument buf is used to pass in the location, and len is the length
of the buffer. The argument hash is used to extend an existing hash, or
is passed the initial value HASHINIT to start a new hash.
The hash32_str() function is used to hash a NUL terminated string passed
in buf with initial hash value given in hash.
The hash32_strn() function is like the hash32_str() function, except it
also takes a len argument, which is the maximal length of the expected
The hash32_stre() and hash32_strne() functions are helper functions used
by the kernel to hash pathname components. These functions have the
additional termination condition of terminating when they find a
character given by end in the string to be hashed. If the argument ep is
not NULL, it is set to the point in the buffer at which the hash function
The hash32() functions return a 32 bit hash value of the buffer or
LIST_HEAD(head, cache) *hashtbl = NULL;
u_long mask = 0;
hashtbl = hashinit(numwanted, type, flags, &mask);
sample_use(char *str, int len)
hash = hash32_str(str, HASHINIT);
hash = hash32_buf(&len, sizeof(len), hash);
hashtbl[hash & mask] = len;
free(9), hashinit(9), malloc(9)
The hash32() functions are only 32 bit functions. They will prove to
give poor 64 bit performance, especially for the top 32 bits. At the
current time, this is not seen as a great limitation, as these hash
values are usually used to index into an array. Should these hash values
be used for other means, this limitation should be revisited.
The hash functions were first committed to NetBSD 1.6. The OpenBSD
versions were written and massaged for OpenBSD 2.3 by Tobias Weingartner,
and finally committed for OpenBSD 3.2.


text:
Site preparation is an essential aspect of any construction project. Proper site preparation sets the foundation for the project's success and ensures that the construction process runs smoothly. Here are some reasons why proper site preparation is key to a successful construction project. Find here the right information for new construction projects in KSA.
Proper site preparation is essential to ensure the safety of workers and the public. The site must be cleared of hazardous materials or structures, and proper safety measures must be implemented to prevent accidents or injuries. Additionally, proper site preparation ensures that the foundation and soil are stable, reducing the risk of structural failures or collapses.
It avoids delays and cost overruns:
Poor site preparation can result in delays and cost overruns. If the site is not properly cleared or graded, it can result in unexpected obstacles that can delay the construction process. Additionally, improper preparation can result in unexpected costs such as additional excavation, soil stabilization, or foundation repairs.
Proper site preparation can increase the efficiency of the construction process. If the site is properly cleared and graded, it can reduce the excavation and grading required during construction. This can save time and money and allow the construction process to proceed more efficiently.
Proper site preparation is also essential to ensure the quality of the construction project. If the foundation or soil is unstable, it can result in structural issues such as cracks or settling. Additionally, if the site is not properly cleared or graded, it can result in issues such as drainage problems or uneven surfaces.
Proper site preparation can also support sustainability goals. For example, if the site is properly graded and drainage is properly managed, it can reduce erosion and prevent sedimentation in nearby waterways. Additionally, proper site preparation can reduce the need for excessive excavation or grading, reducing the amount of earth moved and the associated environmental impacts.
Proper site preparation is key to a successful construction project. It ensures the safety of workers and the public, avoids delays and cost overruns, increases efficiency, improves quality, and supports sustainability. By taking the time to prepare the site before construction begins properly, project managers can set their projects up for success and ensure that the construction process runs smoothly.


text:
Charles Stewart Parnell
by Mary Grant
Victorian plaster sculpture still remains an unfashionable and little researched subject. Recent research sheds light on the production process for Mary Grant's plaster bust of the Irish politician, Charles Stewart Parnell, created in 1892, the year after his death. The bust is on display in room 21 at the National Portrait Gallery. Mary Grant (_PHONE_), one of the few women working professionally as a sculptor in Victorian England, was a niece of Sir Francis Grant, portrait painter, President of the Royal Academy and Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery. The Irish patriot, politician and landowner, Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91), was leader of the Irish party in the House of Commons, and a passionate advocate of Irish home rule.
Many sculptors employed professional plaster workers, sometimes called sculptors' moulders, to undertake specialist work in the sculpture production process. Mary Grant was no exception and used Fernando Meacci (c._PHONE_), an Italian-born piece moulder and figure maker, for the last five years of his life. Meacci lived in Cale Street, Chelsea, not far from Mary Grant's studio in Tite Street, a fashionable location for artists. Meacci's account book and related copy invoices, covering the period from 1886 until his death, age 56, in 1893, is in the London Metropolitan Archives. As well as working for Mary Grant, he undertook numerous tasks for Alfred Gilbert and Edward Onslow Ford.
Meacci charged £1.12s on 28 January 1892 for waste moulding, casting and chipping out a bust of Parnell, including a pedestal for the bust, and a further £5.10s on 5 February for "making a Gelatine Mould" of the bust and casting three copies. Waste moulding was a process of forming a mould but at the expense of losing ('wasting') the original, which had to be chipped out from the mould. A gelatine mould was a flexible type of mould used in casting. It is very likely that the National Portrait Gallery bust, purchased directly from the artist for £10.10s in 1897, is one of the copies produced by Meacci in 1892. This little-known plaster figure maker is the subject of an entry in the forthcoming directory, British bronze statue founders and plaster figure makers, _PHONE_. Further details of the directory, which goes live in January 2011, can be found at British bronze founders and plaster figure makers.
Previous research discoveries (series starts September 2010)


text:
The surgical Retina department has state of the art surgical equipments in operation theatre like MollerWedel microscope and CONSTELLATION is world's number one in micro incision vitrectomy machine. In less than a year from its introduction CONSTELLATION has become the gold standard machine for vitrectomy worldwide. Kashyap Memorial Eye Hospital is one of the very few hospitals in India providing this high end service to the patients.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF MICROINCISION VITRECTOMY?
It has significant advantages over conventional vitrectomy systems like,
- The surgeon can perform complex retinal surgeries through very small holes in the sclera.
- High speed ULTRAVIT probe which can operate at 5000 cuts per minute more than twice the conventional vitrectomy probe, means faster and finersurgery.
- High precision instruments give perfect control for surgeon that increases the precision and safety of surgery significantly.
- Bright XENON ILLUMINATION to view the smallest defects in the retina and treat them.
- Integrated PUREPOINT laser - laser treatment can be done during surgery itself.
- 25 gauge and 27 gauge vitrectomy-No stitches at the end of the surgery so no discomfort.
- Since there are no sutures, post-operative patient comfort is better.
- Postoperative pain is less.
- The foreign –body sensation in the operated eye due to the sutures does not occur.
- The eye heals faster.
- Cosmetically better: postoperative redness is absent or minimal. External appearance of the eye comes back to normal within a week. Comparison of external appearance of the eye between a conventional and MICROINCISION vitrectomy. Conventional vitrectomy Micro incision vitrectomy
WHAT ARE THE RETINAL DISEASES FOR WHICH MICROINCISION VITRECTOMY CAN BE DONE?
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Epi retinal Membrane
- Vitreo-macular traction
- Macular hole.
- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy with hemorrhage
- Some cases of Retinal detachment
Whenever you are advised vitrectomy by your retina specialist at Kashyap Memorial Eye Hospital
you can discuss with him and opt for the MICROINCISION VITRECTOMY SYSTEM (M.I.V.S.)


Are We There Yet? The Problem of Boredom
The Causes of Insecurity
Insecurity is in the nature of being human. It is a commonplace, even if most people make a serious effort to disguise it. Too many things to know, too many to learn, too many rejections — most everyone has had significant experience of the things that undermine confidence. But, what makes for more than the usual amount of insecurity? What contributes to some people becoming "insecure?" Here are a few of its causes:
 - Temperament: Little human personalities can be different from the moment of birth. Just as not all children have the same color eyes or hair, neither do they have the same temperament. Pre-school kids have distinctive and lasting characteristics on such dimensions as being reactive vs. calm, tending to approach or avoid new situations, and being introverted or extroverted. While not guaranteeing fractured confidence as an adult, inborn qualities can make a contribution to it.
 - Overly Critical Parenting: Security can be undermined by parents who are too critical, neglectful, or frankly abusive. Sometimes neglect is unavoidable, as it tends to be in families where there are lots of children or the parents are working long hours outside of the home to put food on the table. But sometimes the insecurity develops because of something more subtle. If you are born to extroverted parents and you are introverted (while your siblings are more like your folks), you may feel like an odd-duck, not quite fitting in. If your dad was hoping for an athlete and you are an artist, the same sense of parental disappointment might be hard to miss.
 - Bullying: Kids can be targeted by the classmates for all sorts of reasons including the way they look, where they live, how they dress; and racial, religious, or ethnic differences. Gender matters too, especially if you are the sole female in a physics class with a wise-guy classmate who makes fun of you and a teacher who hasn't the capability to stop it, as I witnessed back in high school.
 - Body Image: In a society filled with spectacularly beautiful advertising images, it is difficult to be plain; and worse yet, unattractive in any way. Too tall, too skinny, too fat — God help you. Too much acne, bad hair, a lack of finely-tuned motor coordination, same problem. Some of us continue to see ourselves in terms of that early self and struggle with the sense of insecurity produced back then.
 - Learning Problems: This can take the form of a learning disability, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), or even being average in a school filled with high achievers.
 - Multiple Changes of Residence: Being the new kid is not usually fun, especially for introverted young people who struggle with fitting in and finding friends. Insecurity can follow.
 - Parental Overprotection: When parents prevent their children from doing things that are simply a part of growing up, they can communicate to the child that he isn't up to the task. Moreover, they rob the young one of the chance to grow from experience, learn what he needs to know in the social sphere, and become more confident. He may also be at risk of being seen as "different" by his peers, because he is the kid who "isn't allowed" to do things most other parents freely permit.
 - Parental Expectations: For some parents, life won't be complete until their children go to Harvard, become famous, and have a building named after them. Even an objectively accomplished person can be insecure if he feels he has failed to reach that standard, unless he throws off this requirement by dint of self-examination or therapy. In today's civilized world, we compete with the best brains and ideas on an international scale, quite a change from most of human history, when you could easily feel great being a big fish in a small pond; that is, standing out for athletic or scholarly excellence in your tiny community.
 - Money: If your classmates and their parents have more money, nicer homes, or better clothes than you do, this can cause you to be noticed in an uncomfortable way and make you feel less worthy than the others.
 - Guilt: Do you have a secret? Do you feel guilty about something others don't know about? Are you adopted or is your father alcoholic or your mother depressed? Such things can make you feel vulnerable, in the belief others would disapprove "if only they knew." And if they do, the talk behind your back is predictable.
 - Being in Someone's Shadow: While there are a great many good things about being the child or sibling of a person who is extraordinary, it can create a high bar to any kind of recognition or acceptance of you for your own sake, someone who has his own identity and is worth knowing even if he isn't an Olympic champion or a captain of industry.
 - Blushing and Sweating: We all get nervous, but some of us do stand out in a visible way. President Richard Nixon was famous for the amount of perspiration he generated during the Kennedy-Nixon Presidential Debates in 1960, so much that most people who saw him on TV thought he lost, but the majority of those who only heard him over the radio thought he won. Whatever insecurity you are prone to can be amplified by knowing your discomfort will sometimes shine like a lighthouse beacon.
 - Isolation: Children whose living conditions offer little opportunity to socialize with same-aged kids are at a disadvantage. The talented and extroverted among them are more likely to have confidence when they enter the social arena, while the introverted may have more difficulty. Living at a distance from other kids your own age or being home-schooled can fuel this problem. The distance also doesn't afford the opportunities of living in challenging social situations that contribute to a growing sense of competence and mastery. Once behind the curve, whether through the peculiar circumstances of childhood or your own avoidance of challenges as an adult, you might come to feel you are now too lacking in practice and even further behind others in any number of work, social, or sexual situations.
 - Life Failures: The frustrations of life can take their toll. Confidence might be undermined by too many jobs lost, goals unfulfilled, rejections, and relationship failures.
 - The Depredations of Aging: If your self-image depends largely on just one thing, a loss of that thing can make a big difference in your sense of security. Athletic prowess fades, as does beauty. Worse yet, the former prom king and queen can discover their bodies no longer demand positive attention (or perhaps now get the wrong kind of attention). Some feel mocked by the photos of their youth.
 - Instinctive Biological Insecurities: Evolution contributed to our tendency to pick up on the signs revealing disapproval or anger in others. Those pre-historic humans who didn't notice their compatriots were unhappy with them risked being thrown out of a protective group. Worse still, they failed to detect hostility in their enemies. Only individuals who were sensitive enough to notice passed their genes to us. For more on this, read Insecurity and Our Preoccupation with Appearances/
None of these factors will undermine every person. Many of them interact with one another, making confidence more difficult. But getting over what is past and challenging yourself to master new and difficult situations tends to be productive. Therapy can be helpful in coming to terms with a history anchoring you to the ocean's bottom, as well as a present that looks too daunting given your internal shakiness. The important thing is moving forward.
Metaphorically speaking, humans are like the Great White Shark, which must swim in order to breathe: either we keep moving forward or we die.
You might also find this of interest: On Being Insecure and Alone/
The top image is called Shamed Man by Victor Bezrukov, The second photo is called Cutest Girl Ever by Lindsay Stark. Both are sourced from Wikimedia Commons.
Avoiding Life's Pain: Drugs, Deadening, and the Defeat of Therapy
Having been raised in a secular home, I remember being shocked the first time I saw a religious carving in someone's abode. It happened in my next-door-neighbor's house. There he was, Jesus Christ, impaled right on the kitchen wall. Lunch was an ordeal given that Jesus was suffering just over my shoulder. For me I mean. My buddy and his mom didn't seem bothered.
Since they were raised with crucifixion images all around, some indifference to the human sacrifice might have been expected of my hosts. The effect was similar to that produced by watching the first story on the TV news day-after-day, chosen by TV producers who use the mantra "If it bleeds, it leads." We have all been desensitized by images of dead bodies, burnt flesh, undernourished children, and violence. Words like inured, deadened, habituated, and coarsened also come to mind; as well as accustomed, toughened, and hardened.
Drugs, alcohol, and antidepressant medication can play a part on the road to both callousness and self-protection. And, as I shall try to show, the question of how much of life to let in — how much to "feel" — is a big one for those in therapy and for all of those outside of it, as well.
Take one example. How are we expected to react to the TV news story of a murder? Should it be a matter of curiosity, the same kind that causes us to slow down on the highway to check-out an accident? Should we empathize with the


text:
Leading up to today, Disney Parks commissioned the most comprehensive survey on vacation memories ever undertaken. Travel trend watcher Ypartnership surveyed 3,600 Americans and Canadians about what makes today's family vacations memorable for both parents and children and there's some interesting findings we can share with you now:
- Nine out of 10 parents said they planned their vacations with the express hope that they would result in a lasting family memory.
- More than two-thirds of family travelers say they think back "often" or "very often" on their favorite vacation experiences.
- Digital photos represent the most popular way to memorialize vacation memories today, cited by 82 percent of respondents.
- The most positive vacation memories are associated with vacations that include both parents and siblings.
- Traditional photo albums remain the preferred method of sharing vacation memories, but 45 percent of family vacationers now post vacation content on social media sites.
- One out of five family travelers share the events that make the memories "real time" as they actually occur.
Here's an interview with Ypartnership CEO Peter Yesawich who shares more insight into some vacation memory trends.


)evolves in time. D. Because the boundary is defined implicitly, the LSM framework overcomes some of the difficulties of boundary point tracking. E. This example illustrates how an arbitrary cell shape (black contour) can be embedded into a signed distance function to form the level set potential function ϕ(x, t). In this case, the potential function is given by the Euclidean distance to the cell boundary, with positive (resp. negative) sign when outside (resp. inside) the cell.
Suppose that the cell boundary at time t is described by the closed-contour Γ(t). The LSM requires a potential function (Fig. 1C.), denoted as ϕ(x, t), that is related to Γ(t) according to:
Γ(t) = {x|ϕ(x, t) = 0}.
Thus, Γ(t) is the zero-level set of ϕ(x, t). It follows that, in the LSM, the cell membrane is represented implicitly through the potential function which is defined on a fixed Cartesian grid, thus eliminating the need to parameterize the boundary. This allows the LSM to handle complex boundary geometries efficiently (Fig. 1D).
One candidate for the potential function is the signed distance function [24], defined by:
signd ( x, Γ ) = { d ( x, Γ ), d ( x, Γ ), 0, if x S, if x S, if x Γ, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=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@6674@
where S identifies the area occupied by the cell and d(x, Γ) is the distance of position x to the curve Γ; see Fig. 1E for an example of a cell shape embedded in a potential function derived from the signed distance function.
We now manipulate Γ(t) implicitly through the function ϕ(x, t) according to the equation:
ϕ ( x, t ) t + v ( x, t ) ϕ ( x, t ) = 0. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaqcfa4aaSaaaeaacqGHciITcqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkaeaacqGHciITcqWG0baDaaGccqGHRaWkcqWH2bGDcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkcqGHflY1cqGHhis0cqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkcqGH9aqpcqaIWaamcqGGUaGlaaa@4E1B@
The vector v(x, t) is the velocity of the level set moving in the outward normal direction. In our case, v(x, t) intrinsically describes the cell's membrane protrusion and retraction velocities. These velocities can be driven by externally applied forces on the cell membrane (e.g. from a micropipette aspirator), or internally generated mechanical forces (e.g. actin polymerization or myosin-II retraction), or both. To determine how these forces translate to membrane velocity, however, first requires a mechanical model of the cell.
As the potential function corresponding to the cell shape is evolved, it can become quite steep or flat. To reduce the numerical errors caused by these effects, we re-initialize the potential function periodically [24]. This can be done using the re-initialization equation [25]:
ϕ ( x, t ) t = S ( ϕ ( x, 0 ) ) ( | ϕ ( x, t ) | 1 ), MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaqcfa4aaSaaaeaacqGHciITcqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkaeaacqGHciITcqWG0baDaaGaeyypa0Jaem4uamLaeiikaGIccqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqaIWaamcqGGPaqkcqGGPaqkcqGGOaakcqGG8baFcqGHhis0cqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkcqGG8baFcqGHsislcqaIXaqmcqGGPaqkcqGGSaalaaa@5339@
where S(ϕ(x, 0)) is taken as +1 inside the cell, -1 outside the cell and zero on the cell membrane.
Results and Discussion
Viscoelastic model of cell deformation
The LSM relies on a continuum description of the material properties of the cell [2, 26]. We use mechanical models to describe the viscoelastic behavior of the cell [27]. Our mechanical model is based on a representation of cells that assumes a viscoelastic cortex surrounding a viscous core. For cells where intracellular components, such as the nucleus, take a considerable fraction of the cellular volume and play an active role in determining cell shape, the method described here will not be applicable without explicitly modeling these internal structures.
We model the cortex connecting the cell membrane and the cytoplasm with a Voigt model, which consists of the parallel connection of an elastic element k c (nN/μ m3) and a viscous element τ c (nNs/μ m3). The latter describes the association and dissociation dynamics of the cross-linkers. We model the cytoplasm by a purely viscous element, τ a (nNs/μ m3), which is placed in series with the Voigt model (Fig. 2A). The element τ a includes contributions from the interior of the cell as well as adhesion, friction and cytoskeletal reorganization. Strains of the cortex and cytoplasm are described by the variables x m and x c, respectively.


text:
Paper Plate Education
"Serving the Universe on a Paper
What can you do with a paper plate? Try these
then send us your great idea. Thanks for sharing.
Welcome to a unique genre of education materials. Paper Plate Education is an initiative to
reduce complex notions to simple paper plate explanations. This website
promotes innovative hands-on
Activities that you can experience across a range of interests, at varying
degrees of complexity, and at a low priceall with common paper plates.
Check out the exciting new material
that has been uploaded to this website recently. Paper Plate Education evolves
as educators contribute to its content. Please pardon the star dust as
our universe expands. Here are some recent highlights:
quick visit here will help you find your way around this growing collection of
ideas and material. Site Map
outlines the variety of Paper Plate Education website components,
from A to Y (we strive to eliminate the Zzzz).
It seems a good
thing comes round. Paper instruments have
been used since the 13th Century to support teaching and to buttress
arguments. Paper plates are also believed to have inspired a key element of the Mercury space capsule in
the late 1950's. In 1992 a member of the Great Lakes Planetarium
Association renewed interest in this humble yet useful medium. See our Background
for the history of paper devices and for current Paper Plate Education
is a unique profession in that it encourages sharing of ideas, modifying other
people's material, and adapting to local situations in order to deliver a
better product. In fact, you may recognize some of the paper plate
activities as variations on familiar themes. Please advance that
spirit of improvement by sending us feedback
about your Paper Plate Education experience.
pages represent the cumulative
work of many educators who openly avail their work to colleagues. You
may freely use the material for non-profit educational purposes. As a
courtesy, please credit
the author of contributed material. Thank you.
forget to bookmark your favorite pages. Now go
your plate and enjoy.
"Paper Plate Ed" celebrated IYA2009!


Connecting people with earth
Mindful acts of listening in nature can be a good way of calming the mind and learning about biodiversity. This project worked with a group of local participants and focused on birds and plants in nearby woodlands. The participants used sensory observational methods, such as listening and foraging for natural materials, to interact with the natural world. The creative responses included voice, audio, sound drawings, and nest sculptures.
"The propensity of our indigenous brothers and sisters to consult the animate earth around them, listening close to the land-carefully watching the patterned movements of other animals, attending to their diverse songs, signs, and gesturesall this in an obvious consequence of the expansive experience of language as a property that belongs to all things, and not solely to humankind."
David Abram Becoming Animal


Qualys Multi-Vector EDR: Protection across the entire threat lifecycle – Help Net Security
Traditional endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions focus only on endpoint activity to detect attacks. As a result, they lack the context to analyze attacks accurately.
In this interview, Sumedh Thakar, President and Chief Product Officer, illustrates how Qualys fills the gaps by introducing a new multi-vector approach and the unifying power of its Cloud Platform to EDR, providing essential context and visibility to the entire attack chain.
Qualys Multi-Vector EDR
How does Qualys Multi-Vector EDR differ from traditional EDR solutions?
Traditional EDR solutions focus only on endpoint activity, which lacks the context necessary to accurately analyze attacks and leads to a high rate of false positives. This can put an unnecessary burden on incident response teams and requires the use of multiple point solutions to make sense of it all.
Qualys Multi-Vector EDR leverages the strength of EDR while also extending the visibility and capabilities beyond the endpoint to provide a more comprehensive approach to protection. Multi-Vector EDR integrates with the Qualys Cloud Platform to deliver vital context and visibility into the entire attack chain while dramatically reducing the number of false positives and negatives as compared with traditional EDR.
This integration unifies multiple context vectors like asset discovery, rich normalized software inventory, end-of-life visibility, vulnerabilities and exploits, misconfigurations, in-depth endpoint telemetry and network reachability all correlated for assessment, detection and response in a single app. It provides threat hunters and incident response teams with crucial, real-time insight into what is happening on the endpoint.
Vectors and attack surfaces have multiplied. How do we protect these systems?
Many attacks today are multi-faceted. The suspicious or malicious activity detected at the endpoint is often only one small part of a larger, more complex attack. Companies need visibility across the environment to effectively fully understand the attack and its impact on the endpoint—as well as the potential consequences elsewhere on their network. This is where Qualys' ability to gather and assess the contextual data on any asset via Qualys Global IT Asset Inventory becomes so important.
The goal of EDR is detection and response, but you need a holistic view to do it effectively. When a threat or suspicious activity is detected, you need to act quickly to understand what the information or indicator means, and how you can pivot to take action to prevent any further compromise.
Qualys unveils Multi-Vector EDR
How can security teams take advantage of Qualys Multi-Vector EDR?
Attack prevention and detection are two sides of the same coin for security teams. With current endpoint tools focusing solely on endpoint telemetry, security teams end up bringing in multiple point solutions and threat intelligence feeds to figure out what is happening in their environment.
On top of it, they need to invest their budget and time in integrating these solutions and correlating data for actionable insights. With Qualys EDR, security teams can continuously collate asset telemetry such as process, files and hashes to detect malicious activities and correlate with natively integrated threat intel for prioritization score-based response actions.
Instead of reactively taking care of malicious events one endpoint at a time, security teams can easily pivot to inspect other endpoints across the hybrid infrastructure for exploitable vulnerabilities, MITRE-based misconfigurations, end-of-life or unapproved software and systems that lack critical patches.
Additionally, through native workflows that provide exact recommendations, security and IT teams can patch or remediate the endpoints for the security findings. This is an improvement over previous methods which require handshaking of data from one tool to another via complex integrations and manual workflows.
For example, Qualys EDR can help security teams not only detect MITRE-based attacks and malicious connections due to RDP (remote desktop) exploitation but can also provide visibility across the infrastructure. This highlights endpoints that can connect to the exploited endpoint and have RDP vulnerabilities or a MITRE-mapped configuration failure such as LSASS. Multi-Vector EDR then lets the user patch vulnerabilities and automatically remediate misconfigurations.
Thus, Qualys' EDR solution is designed to equip security teams with advanced detections based on multiple vectors and rapid response and prevention capabilities, minimizing human intervention, simplifying the entire security investigation and analyze processes for organizations of all sizes. Security practitioners can sign up for a free trial here.
What response strategies does Qualys Multi-Vector EDR use?
Qualys EDR with its multi-layered, highly scalable cloud platform, retains telemetry data for active and historical view and natively correlates it with multiple external threat intelligent feeds. This eliminates the need to rely on a single malware database and provides a prioritized risk-based threat view. This helps security teams hunt for the threats proactively and reactively with unified context of all security vectors, reducing alert fatigue and helping security teams concentrate on what is critical.
Qualys EDR provides comprehensive response capabilities that go beyond traditional EDR options, like killing process and network connections, quarantining files, and much more. In addition, it uniquely orchestrates responses such as preventing future attacks by correlating exploitable-to-malware vulnerabilities automatically, patching endpoints and software directly from the cloud and downloading patches from the vendor's website, without going through the VPN bandwidth.
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