text:
Sagalassos is an archaeological site in southwestern Turkey, about 100 km north of Antalya (ancient Attaleia), and 30 km from Burdur and Isparta. The ancient ruins of Sagalassos are 7 km from Aglasun in the province of Burdur, on Mount Akdag, in the Western Toros mountain range, at an altitude of _PHONE_ metres.
In Roman Imperial times, the town was known as the 'first city of Pisidia', a region in the western Taurus mountains, currently known as the Turkish Lakes Region. Already during the Hellenistic period, it had been one of the major Pisidian towns.
The urban site was laid out on various terraces at an altitude between 1400 and 1600 m. After having suffered from a major earthquake in the early sixth century CE, the town still managed to recover, but a cocktail of epidemics, water shortages, a general lack of security and stability, a failing economy and finally another devastating earthquake around the middle of the seventh century forced the inhabitants to abandon their town and resettle in the valley.
Large-scale excavations started in 1990 under the direction of Marc Waelkens of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. A large number of buildings, monuments and other archaeological remains have been exposed, documenting the monumental aspect of the Hellenistic, Roman and early Byzantine history of this town.
Human settlement in the area goes back to 8000 BCE, before the actual site was occupied. Hittite documents refer to a mountain site of Salawassa in the fourteenth century BCE and the town spread during the Phrygian and Lydian cultures. Sagalassos was part of the region of Pisidia in the western part of the Taurus Mountains. During the Persian period, Pisidia became known for its warlike factions.
Sagalassos was one of the wealthiest cities in Pisidia when Alexander the Great conquered it in 333 BCE on his way to Persia. It had a population of a few thousand. After Alexander died, the region became part of territories of Antigonus Monophthalmus, possibly Lysimachus of Thrace, the Seleucids of Syria and the Attalids of Pergamon. Archeological record indicates that locals rapidly adopted Hellenic culture.
The Roman Empire absorbed Pisidia after the Attalids and it became part of province of Asia. In 39 BCE it was handed out to Galatian client king Amyntas but after he was killed in 25 BCE, Rome turned Pisidia into the province of Galatia. Under the Roman Empire, Sagalassos became the important urban center of Pisidia, particularly favoured by the Emperor Hadrian, who named it the "first city" of the province and the center of the imperial cult. Contemporary buildings have a fully Roman character.
Around 400 CE Sagalassos was fortified for defence. An earthquake devastated it in 518 and a plague circa 541-543 halved the local population. Arab raids threatened the town around 640 and after another earthquake destroyed the town in the middle of the seventh century, the site was abandoned. The populace probably resettled in the valley. Excavations have found only signs of a fortified monastery -- possibly a religious community, which was destroyed in the twelfth century. Sagalassos disappeared from the records.
In the following centuries, erosion covered the ruins of Sagalassos. It was not looted in significant extent, possibly because of its location.
Explorer Paul Lucas, who was traveling in Turkey on a mission for the court of Louis XIV of France, visited the ruins in 1706. After 1824, when Francis Vyvyan Jago Arundell (1780 - 1846), the British chaplain at Izmir and an antiquary, visited the site and deciphered its name in inscriptions,F.V.J. Arundell, Discoveries in Asia Minor: Including a Description of the Ruins of Several Ancient Cities, Espcially Antioch of Pisidia, 2 vols. (London) 1834; "The Rediscovery of Sagalassos" Western travelers begun to visit the ruins. Austrian count K. Lanckoronski produced the first map of Sagalassos. However, the city did not attract much archaeological attention until 1985, when a British-Belgian team led by Stephen Mitchell begun a major survey of the site.
From 1990 Sagalassos, a major tourist site, has become a major excavation project led by Marc Waelkens of the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. The monumental city center is now exposed; four major restoration projects are (nearly) completed. The project also undertakes an intensive urban and geophysical survey, excavations in the domestic and industrial areas, and an intensive survey of the territory. The first survey documents a thousand years of occupation -- from Alexander the Great to the seventh century -- while the latter has established the changing settlement patterns, the vegetation history and farming practices, the landscape formation and climatic changes during the last 10,000 years.
On August 9, 2007, the press reported the discovery of a finely detailed, colossal statue of the Emperor Hadrian, which is thought to have been stood 4-5m in height. The statue dates to the early part of Hadrian's reign, and depicts the emperor in military garb. It was carved in sections that were fitted together with marble tenons on the site, which was a thermae, a public bath. A major earthquake sometime between the late sixth and early seventh centuries CE brought the vaulting crashing down; the statue of Hadrian was felled, coming apart along the joins of its facture. The discovery of carved marble toes drilled with dowel holes to fasten them to the hem of a long mantle suggests the possibility of finding a companion sculpture of Sabina, the emperor's consort. On August 14, 2008, the head statue of Faustina the Elder, wife of Roman emperor Antoninus Pius (Hadrian's successor and adopted son) was discovered in the same site. On August 22, 2008, another colossal statue was found, this time from Marcus Aurelius.


Protecting psychological well-being in the PhD program: development and enhancement of personal strategies and attitudes that predispose to professional satisfaction and ethical collaboration. (2020/2021)
Course code
Name of lecturer
Michela Rimondini
Michela Rimondini
Number of ECTS credits allocated
Academic sector
NN - -
Language of instruction
not yet allocated
Learning outcomes
- Raise awareness of the role of work well-being for the productivity of the individual and the work group.
- Encourage the process of recognizing personal expectations with respect to the PhD program and its intrinsic challenges.
- Promote the process of individual awareness of their vulnerabilities and psychological resources in order to face the aforementioned challenges.
- Describe the main strategies for coping with stress and provide the main rudiments for recognizing emotional distress and indications on how to manage it
- Promote individual responsibility, that is, do research in a transparent way, from data collection to the drafting and publication of the work.
- Promote relational responsibility, i.e. dealing with peers and supervisors taking into account the peculiarities and limits of one's own role and that of others.
- Promote public / institutional responsibility, i.e. towards the community in the publication and dissemination of the results of their work.
- Raise awareness of gender inequality in the academic field, illustrating the various problems from the point of view of female students, researchers and teachers.
Morning session
Moderators: Michela Rimondini, Mirella Ruggeri
9.30-10.00 Introduction and Video Testimonials
Experiences and advice from senior and junior researchers
10.00-11.30 Raising Self awareness on personal vulnerabilities and psychological resources in order to face Phd challenges
Michela Rimondini (University of Verona, Italy)
11.30-12.30 How to recognize and manage emotional distress
Mirella Ruggeri (University of Verona, Italy)
Afternoon session
Moderators: Silvia Savazzi, Paola Cesari
14.00-15.00 Unveiling academic gender blindness: obstacles and possible solutions
Alessandra Minello (University of Padova, Italy)
15.00-16.00 Ethics in science: what's right and what's wrong
Silvia Savazzi (University of Verona, Italy)
16.00-16.30 Molestie morali, molestie sessuali e discriminazione: alcuni spunti per riconoscerle
Francesca Torelli (Consigliera di fiducia University of Verona, Italy)
16.30-17.00 Closing remarks
Gianluigi Zanusso e Paola Cesari (University of Verona, Italy)
Assessment methods and criteria
no final exam.


History of Minority Population in the Child Welfare System
History of minority population in the child welfare system
Antonio Sanchez
October 9, 2011
Partica Robinson
History of minority population in the child welfare system
Becerra, Rosina, M., Ward Thomas, and Paul M. Ong, (2001).,"Latino and African American Non-Custodial Fathers: Perceptions of Fatherhood and Child Support." Latino and African American Noncustodial Fathers: Perception of Fatherhood and Child Support. 10.3 (2001): 3-30. Retrieved on Wed. 9, October, 2011. Retrieved from school library.
This article is on Latino and African American fathers who struggle to pay child support because of aquiring little or no education. Low wage jobs, or having other families to support. Most noncustodial parents still pay child support even though the custodial parent receives welfare and other government help. Studies show that Latino and African American fathers grew up in poverty, low income circumstances, and gang related involvement. Some came from abusive households and did not have a father and were raised by his/her mother. In an interview with Latino and African fathers they say that even though they did not have a good relationship with their own fathers and came from poverty and hard times, they want more for their children. They might not have the money to go out and do things but they at least spend time with the kids like going to parks, talking, or just watching a movie.
Lundgren,M.L, Peloquin,D.S, and Schilling,F. R., (2005), Evidence-Based Drug Treatment Practice and the Cgild Welfare System: The Example of Methadone. Source Social Work, 50.1, Pg.53., Retrieved on October 9, 2011, from _URL_.
This article states that Methadone is a medication used in many ways from pain to drug addiction such as cocain or even heroin. However the drug methadone can somehow be mistaken for heroin because of its chemical composure. Parents who are addicted with narcotic women who are on narcotics can lose her way...


Five key factors in positioning a muckheap
horse muckheapThe average horse will produce around 20kg of manure each day, that's around 7.5 tonnes of the stuff annually, not even accounting for any bedding that goes with it. This can all add up to a very big headache for any horse owner or yard manager!
Location is everything as they say; carefully choosing where to position your dung heap and managing it appropriately will help to protect the health of your horses and the land. This will:
 1. Make it easier to use
 2. Help it rot down more quickly
 3. Reduce the chance of reinfection from parasites
 4. Lower pollution risk
 5. Limit areas where insects such as midges can breed
One. Making it easier to use
Site your muckheap for convenience to the yard, but not so close as to cause possible horse health problems or irritation from flies. Bear in mind that large heaps can be a nuisance to neighbours or people using public rights of way. The area should be easily accessible by large vehicles if you need to have it removed regularly. Another alternative is to tip your muck straight into a trailer for easy disposal.
Two. Helping it rot down more quickly
It all comes down to good husbandry – a perfectly manicured muckheap is one of life's goals and there is method in the madness. Sprawling heaps are inefficient and a poor use of space. Try to put your pile against a defined boundary or wall to make it easier to throw the muck on top. Keeping your heap contained and condensed and trampling to reduce the volume will help the decomposition process happen much faster.
Three. Reducing the chance of reinfection from parasites
Muckheaps should never be created in fields accessible to horses. Let's face it, poo picking is hard work and often a temporary muckheap nearer to the source makes the job a lot more palatable! Make sure you're not wasting all that hard work by aiding parasite reinfection. Larvae from hatching redworm eggs can wriggle up to three metres away from dung piles. If you have a muckheap near the field, fence it off so that horses can't graze nearby.
Four. Lowering pollution risk
Effluent – that's the stinky black water that leaches from large manure piles - can cause serious pollution if it is allowed to enter watercourses. For this reason the Environment Agency recommends that "Temporary field heaps should be sited where there is no risk of runoff polluting watercourses. They should be at least 10 metres from a watercourse and 50 metres from a well, spring or borehole that supplies water for human consumption or for use in farm dairies."
Pollution occurs because organisms feed on the watery dung and the nutrient enrichment encourages the growth of aquatic vegetation which has an oxygen reducing effect in the water, lowering water quality. Run off can also detrimentally affect hedgerows because nutrient enrichment encourages the growth of weeds which disadvantages hedge growth. Water contamination is prosecutable under the Environmental Protection Act, 1990, the Groundwater Regulations 1998 and the Water Resources Act 1991.
Five. Limiting areas where insects such as midges can breed
Ideally a muck heap, and the area around it, should be on a solid base, e.g. concrete. This will make it easier to sweep up and keep tidy and for vehicles to get to the heap without churning up the soil. Reducing standing water where insects such as midges can breed helps to lessen irritation and problems such as sweet itch.


text: Background Still left ventricular thrombus(LVT] formation is a frequent complication in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction(MI). thrombosis history were excluded from this study. At the time of hospitalization key demographic and clinical characteristics were collected including age gender ethanol intake and presence of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis (hypertension diabetes smoking hyperlipidemia positive family history). Individuals were evaluated for echocardiographic data bloodstream ACA and chemistry. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations had been performed in every individuals within the 1st week with 2 weeks after MI. LV thrombus was recognized in Vincristine sulfate 30 (42.8%) individuals. ACA IgM amounts were considerably higher in the individual group with LV thrombus than in the group without thrombus (12.44 ±4.12 vs. 7.69 ± 4.25 mpl p = 0 1 ACA IgG amounts were also found higher Vincristine sulfate in the group with LV thrombus (24.2 ± 7.5 vs.17.98 ± 6.45 gpl p = 0.02). Multivariate analyses exposed diabetes mellitus higher WMSI lower MDT and higher ACA IgM and higher ACA IgG amounts as 3rd party predictors of remaining ventricular thrombus development. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that next to the low ejection small Vincristine sulfate fraction lower MDT and higher wall structure motion rating index modestly raised ACA IgM and ACA IgG amounts are connected with LV thrombus development in individuals with Rabbit polyclonal to SERPINB9. anterior MI. Intro Remaining ventricular thrombus(LVT) development is a regular complication in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction(MI). Left ventricular thrombus is associated with increased risk of embolism. Higher mortality rates have been reported in patients with LVT after acute MI especially when these develop within the first 48 hours after infarction[1 2 Although great majority of patients with LVT Vincristine sulfate have large anterior infarcts with depressed global left ventricular systolic function this is not the rule. Thrombi can also be found in some small apical infarcts with good global left ventricular systolic function and rarely in some inferior infarcts. These facts indicate the complex nature of LVT formation. Factors other than infarct size and site may play role in development of LVT. Doppler derived mitral Vincristine sulfate E wave deceleration time (MDT) has been found to be associated with LVT in some studies. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are immunoglobulins that react with phospholipid-binding proteins interfering with the prothrombin activator complex. The effects of phospholipids on pathophysiology of venous and cardiovascular thrombotic events are well known. ACA levels have been found to be higher in young patients with coronary artery disease and proposed to be a risk factor in some studies. ACA levels have also been found higher in patients with acute MI[5-8]. The question of whether anticardiolipin antibodies can be induced in response to tissue necrosis that occurs in myocardial infarction is unknown. There are some reports of patients with LVT and high ACA titers without MI and with normal left ventricular systolic function[9-11]. There is no detailed study Vincristine sulfate evaluating the effects of ACA IgM and ACA IgG levels on development of left ventricular thrombus formation in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. As LVT formation has a complex nature we aimed to evaluate the factors associated with LVT formation in a group of patients with their first anterior wall MI who recieved different kinds of therapies. We also aimed to evaluate the importance of anticardiolipin antibodies on LVT formation after acute anterior wall MI in a population who did not present features of antiphospholipid syndrome(APS). By selecting this population we aimed to evaluate if modest upsurge in these antibody amounts affiliate with LVT development or not really. We also attempted to see whether ACA amounts are higher after an severe event(MI). Strategies Seventy individuals with an initial anterior AMI were and consecutively enrolled prospectively. Patients were necessary to meet the pursuing requirements: (1) age group <70 years (2) upper body pain enduring >30 mins (3) a lot more than 2 mm ST section elevation at least in 2 consecutive anterior precordial qualified prospects from the electrocardiogram(ECG) (4) preliminary echocardiogram performed within 48 hours pursuing admission. Individuals with earlier MI autoimmune disease collagen vascular disease arterial or venous thrombosis background thrombotic hematological disorders background of heart failing had been excluded from the analysis. By excluding these topics we targeted to compose a homogenous individual group in order to avoid misinterpretation due to outcomes of individuals with those.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This press release is available in French.
Montreal -- Can mentoring relationships help female students who survive childhood abuse or domestic violence? Absolutely, according to new research from Concordia University, published in the Journal of College Student Development.
"Studies have shown that childhood abuse unleashes a chain of negative emotions that can impact an individual's future, producing feelings of shame, isolation, self-loathing and educational underachievement," says first author Rosemary C. Reilly, an associate professor in the Concordia Department of Applied Human Sciences.
Reilly's study builds on evidence compiled by renowned community-based educator and researcher Dr. Jenny Horsman, which suggests that at least 20 per cent of all women are adult survivors of childhood abuse — that is, physical, psychological or sexual maltreatment during childhood. According to Horsman, as many as half the women studying in educational programs in Canada are trying to learn while simultaneously dealing with the consequences of violence.
Four themes of mentorship
As part of their research into impact of violence on women's learning and vocational choices, Reilly and co-author Monica D'Amico, a professor in the Concordia Department of Education, conducted in-depth interviews with 10 women who had experienced intense childhood abuse and were enrolled in an undergraduate program when interviewed.
All but one participant had been mentored at different stages in her life. Reilly and D'Amico found that the timing of women's mentoring was contingent on the impact the abuse had on their sense of identity.
Over the course of the interviews, four themes of mentorship emerged: fantasy mentors, mentors as mirrors, mentors as nurturers and supporters, and mentors as embodiments of a particular profession.
Although the researchers caution that these themes should be viewed as atypical, they enrich the understanding of mentoring for women marginalized by violence and demonstrate the malleable nature of mentorship. Mentoring in its various guises clearly played a significant role in these women's healing processes.
These findings, according to the study authors, should encourage universities to consider establishing a formalized mentoring program for survivors of trauma. Student services departments could support the education of this population by creating multiple opportunities for mentorship from different individuals, at various stages, as survivors' needs evolve.
"For survivors of childhood abuse, relationship and connection are what really matters and what successful mentorship is all about," says Reilly.
Partners in research:
This study supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Cited study: _URL_
Concordia Department of Applied Human Sciences: _URL_
Concordia Department of Education: _URL_
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


ZocdocAnswersIs it okay to give children over the counter pain medicine?
Is it okay to give children over the counter pain medicine?
I have a 5 year old daughter and she bumped her shin very hard the other day and has a bruise. She keeps complaining about the pain. Is it okay to give her Tylenol or Advil for the pain? What's the difference between children's Tylenol and regular Tylenol? Why can't I just give her what I take?
I'm sorry your daughter is having pain from her bruise. You should follow up with your pediatrician to ensure that there are no other serious concerns and that she does not have any medical problems that would prevent her from taking pain medications. In general, children can take pain medication such as Tylenol or Advil (also known as ibuprofen and Motrin). However, it is very important that children are given the correct dosages of medications at the correct time intervals as to not develop toxicities from the medications. Nevertheless, it is imperative to ensure that your daughter does not have any other significant concerns as etiology to her shin pain. The difference between children's and regular Tylenol is the concentrations of the active component acetaminophen. Because children get a smaller dose of the medication based on their body weight, the children's formulation is less concentrated than the adult variation. It is extremely important not to give your daughter regular Tylenol because it is much easier to overdose on the medication with high concentrations. Again, while children's Tylenol and Advil are generally ok to give children, it is important to affirm with your pediatrician that there are no other concerning symptoms to your daughter's pain and that she does not have any other medical problems that could be contraindications to the use of the medications.


text:
The PATS transceiver is located under the steering column shroud and communicates with the PATS ignition key. During each vehicle start sequence, the PATS transceiver reads the PATS ignition key identification code and sends data to the IC. The IC validates the code, and if it is the correct code, will send a message to the PCM to ground the starter relay solenoid coil and to also allow the fuel injectors to operate.
If the IC or the PCM is being replaced (or both), the parameters must be reset in both modules or the vehicle will experience a PATS no-start. This will occur even if the vehicle is not equipped with PATS. PATS vehicles and non-PATS vehicles have parameters in the IC and the PCM and they must be reset whenever either (or both) module(s) is (are) replaced. Refer to Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) Parameter Reset
in this section.
The PATS function is controlled by the IC. When the PATS key is turned to the ON or START position, the IC initiates the key interrogation sequence by sending a voltage signal to the PATS transceiver. The transceiver then uses its antenna to bounce a signal off the transponder in the PATS key. This process "reads" the PATS key identification code and sends the key identification code back to the IC, which interprets it and determines if it matches one of the stored key codes. If it does match one of the stored key codes, the IC will send a message to the PCM to ground the starter relay solenoid coil and to also allow the fuel injectors to operate. If it does not match one of the stored key codes, or it is only a partial key read or no key read, the IC will send a message to the PCM to not ground the starter relay solenoid coil and not allow fuel injector operation. The anti-theft indicator in the IC will flash (or may glow steadily) and the IC will store one or more DTCs. All elements of PATS must be functional before the vehicle will start. If any of the components are not working correctly, the vehicle will not start. If the IC must be replaced for any reason (PATS concerns or IC concerns), the PATS keys must also be programmed into the new IC. Refer to Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
in this section.
PATS disables the vehicle from starting if there is:
PATS Parameter Identification (PIDs)
- a damaged PATS key.
- a non-programmed PATS key.
- a non-PATS key (key has no electronics).
- damaged wiring.
- a damaged transceiver.
- a damaged IC.
- failed parameters between the IC and the PCM.
Monitoring the PATS PIDs in the IC can be very useful in determining which diagnostic steps to follow. Viewing the MASTERKEY (verifies if the key is programmed) PID (with both keys) will determine if the key is a programmed key and will also prove out the transceiver, circuitry and the IC. A master key is any key that is programmed into the IC (the MASTERKEY PID must display PRESNT). If the MASTERKEY PID reads NOTPREST, it may mean the key in the ignition lock cylinder is not programmed, is not a PATS key, is damaged or the transceiver, circuitry or IC may be at fault.
Viewing the MIN_KEY (minimum number of keys) PID (this PID does not change) indicates the minimum number of keys that must be programmed into the IC. There must be at least 2 keys programmed into the IC in this type of PATS before the vehicle will start.
Viewing the N_KEYCODE (number of keys programmed) PID will determines if the minimum number of keys have been programmed into the IC. If the N_KEYCODE PID reads 0 or 1, additional key(s) will need to be programmed into the IC in order to meet the minimum of 2 keys. If the N_KEYCODE PID reads 0 or 1, and the MASTERKEY PID reads NOTPREST, that particular key must be programmed into the IC. If the N_KEYCODE PID reads 1, and the MASTERKEY PID reads PRESNT, that particular key is already programmed into the IC.
If the IC was replaced, the parameters in the IC, then the parameters in the PCM will need to be reset. When the parameters in the IC are reset, that clears (erases) the PCM ID from the IC. A parameter reset of the PCM will send a PCM ID to the IC that is necessary for the system to operate. Make sure to make 3-5 attempts to start the vehicle for 3-5 seconds each before attempting more procedures. The extra key cycles are necessary for the PCM ID to be sent (by the PCM) and then stored by the IC. If only a PCM parameter reset occurs, the IC may encounter 2 PCM IDs (the original one and the new one) and may cause a PATS-related no-start. If a PCM parameter reset occurs first, then the IC parameter reset occurs, there will be no PCM ID stored in the IC, and a PATS-related no-start may occur. Carry out the IC parameter reset first, then the PCM parameter reset next. If the PCMID PID reads STORED, the IC has a PCM ID stored. If it reads NOTSTRD, a parameter reset of the PCM may resolve this issue. If the PCMID PID reads STORED, the PCMVER (the PCM ID has been verified) PID will read YES.
If the PATSENABL PID reads DISABLE, and the N_KEYCODE PID reads 2 or more and the MASTERKEY PID reads PRESNT, the IC and the PCM will need to have their parameters reset.
If the PATSENABL PID reads DISABLE, and the N_KEYCODE PID reads 1 and the MASTERKEY PID reads PRESNT, or if the N_KEYCODE PID reads 0 and the MASTERKEY PID reads NOTPRESNT, a minimum of 2 keys will need to be programmed into the IC. Refer to Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment
in this section.
If the MASTERKEY continues to read NOTPRESNT after programming, this may indicate a defective key. The SPAREKEY (spare key) PID is defaulted to ENABLE. With the SPAREKEY PID displaying ENABLE, the IC will accept more than 2 keys (up to a maximum of 8) being programmed into the IC. Refer to Key Programming Using Two Programmed Keys
in this section. It can be toggled to DISABL if the customer does not want any more than 2 keys programmed into the IC. Refer to Key Programming Switch State Control
in this section. This switch state control does not affect the Key Programming Using Diagnostic Equipment procedure.
In summary for the IC PATS PIDs and their correct state in order for the vehicle to start:
- N_KEYCODE must read 2 or more
- MASTERKEY must read PRESNT
- PCMID must read STORED
- PATSENABL must read ENABLE
- PCMVER must read YES


text:
Investigating the effect of changes in Signals, Noise and Agent Types in Cascade Models
AbstractSmith and SÃ¸renson (2002) depart from Bikhchandani, Hirshleifer and Welshâ€™s (1999) herding framework in three ways; non-discrete signals, noise and multiple rational agent types. They refer to the standard model of a single type with no noise as a â€œherdingâ€ model, and differentiate themselves by referring to the more general model as a â€œcascade.â€ They find that differing preferences lead to â€œconfounded learningâ€ whereby an incorrect equilibrium can arise regardless of the accuracy of the signal space, due to alternate actions taken due to preferences. In this paper we break down the three alterations from the BHW (1999) model, and analyze through agent based techniques the effect that each one has on the outcome, in an effort to determine which of the three different specifications has the greatest impact on herding and learning in the cascade model.
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Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by Society for Computational Economics in its series Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 with number 296.
Date of creation: 11 Nov 2005
Date of revision:
Herding; Agent-Based Modeling;
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- C6 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
- D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search, Learning, and Information
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text:
PRESENTERS: Upload your workshop materials here.
1. Click in the upper right hand corner of this page and login using the account you created when you first submitted your workshop proposal.
2. Click the dropdown. Select Basic Document. (Or, select Multiple Documents if you are uploading more than one document.)
3. Click to select a document from your hard drive or desktop. Enter a title and click.
4. Click the dropdown, and select Subfolder. Name the folder with your workshop title. Click Save.
5. Click and drag your uploaded document(s) into the subfolder you just created.


Earlier in the week, we announced our school-level teachers and teach assistants of the year. In Oak Ridge Schools, we like to recognize outstanding educators because they care about children and devote their professional lives to enriching the lives of our students. This year, we would like to congratulate one district-level teacher (Erica Hixson) and two district-level teachers assistants of the year, (Catherine Tidwell and Samantha Kerley) who tied with the application review panel for their exemplary service. Each has a brief biography below, written largely in their own words.
District Teacher of the Year, Erica Hixson, Linden Elementary School Music Teacher
Mrs. Hixson's contributions toward student growth include engaging lessons, knowledge of students, effective modeling, common assessments, and cross-curricular connections. She looks for new ways to keep students excited about learning. For example, while 4th graders learn about Native American history, standards such as analyzing rhythm notation are taught using Native American music while students create drumbeats on a community drum in drum circles.
Erica starts each class by singing and reading to her students as a performance model, allowing for introduction to a variety of forms of literature and music styles, and including historical elements of various authors and composers. She says she and her students love the expanse of musical styles and genres they experience over and above curricular expectations.
The engagement is high because students have hands-on music-making experiences that include a variety of instruments, reaching a broad range of student interests and needs. Classroom practices and opportunities to expand musical learning experiences continue to evolve as technology advances.
Glenwood Elementary: Catherine Tidwell
Mrs. Tidwell works as an interventionist with math and reading students. She determines what skills they need to improve so they can better learn in whole-group settings. She uses hands-on manipulatives and games to allow her students to have a tactile and visual understanding of concepts and skills. Games allow students to learn while having fun. The goal is to move students back into the regular classroom. This year, by the second nine weeks, all students in her first-grade math group had tested out of her group, ready for the regular classroom. Each of her fourth-grade students made progress on their quarterly assessments. Two of them tested out of her group and returned to classroom.
Jefferson Middle School: Samantha Kerley
Ms. Kerley contributes to several classrooms throughout the day, approaching each day as a new opportunity for growth, both personally and with her students. She focuses on reaching students when they don't understand at first and providing motivation as needed to complete work. She reflects that sometimes a student just needs an adult who cares about them, creating a connection with them so they know where to turn when they need help. Ms. Kerley attends as many Zoom virtual class meetings as possible to help support the teachers and students. During virtual meetings, students get to see her without a mask on, which is very helpful with creating connections. Ms. Kerley says that growth and learning are not always measured by grades. Personal growth is her favorite type of growth that she gets to see during each school year.


text:
1. In the blue left-hand menu bar, select classroom actions.
2. Click 'Add Entry'
3. Tap the + icon and tap "Activity"
4. Tap on the child(ren) that this activity will apply to.
5. Write a description of the activity.
6. Click 'Create Entry'
This will add the activity to the daily reports of all the children that were selected.


text: The goal of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the generic development process in product lines engineering, i.e. for software product families. The work integrates the best (in the opinion of the author) parts of the given state-of-the-art, and contributes some new aspects to the process. Some aspects of this presentation include topics like variability modeling, handling variability and feature modeling, especially extending feature models with feature weights and fuzzy description for variable features. For modeling requirements the use of a specialized feature model for modeling features in UML is exemplified in the e-Commerce domain. Another contribution is the proposal of modeling flexibility with feature models as shown in an example of Web services and the introduction of a version-based approach for feature models. All suggested new capabilities and methods are integrated to provide an improved framework for the development of product families. For the fulfillment of the generic system architecture the generative techniques like frame technology are recommended. This supports reuse in the evolution and maintenance phases of system family members.


pair of NIC ring or Netmap ring to communicate between the host protocol stack. The network card directly moves the data packets onto rings referred to cache use, in the shared space. The application running in user space will call a Netmap API, to access the contents of data present in NIC ring or Netmap ring can straightaway read the cache and start writing the data packet, in turn helps in less copy between kernel space to user space and provides zero copy functionality. Key memory regions of the network card register and the kernel to applications are not shared, hence there are no kernel crash caused by the application running in user space. Among frameworks which supports zero copy, Netmap tends to be is more secure.
 Advantages offered by Netmap are:
 1. supports multiple queue network interface cards
 2. better transmission between network stack, network interface card and interfaces and
 3. reduced cost
 2. NetSlice:
 Contrary to the fast packet solutions introduced in the preceding sections, this method, NetSlice is not taking advantages of zero copy methods. It is an OS abstraction, which provides faster package performance and works in the user-land. It attempts to synchronize the advantages of package processing systems operating in the user-land, e.g. the separation of error and configuration. NetSlice deploy on the advanced integration of components of hardware and software associated with packet processing. It is based on local architecture, rather than the temporary fragmentation of components of computer software and hardware suitable for package processing, namely memory, CPU cores and NICs. By making such a distinction, NetSlice reduces the conflict of resources shared. The working idea of NetSlice is its state of action, called NetSlice. In figure, a queue of NetSlices are shown. NetSlice uses a number of multi-lines NICs. To support the same practice for many believers, multi-line NICs maintain more than one transmission and receipt queue.
 Fig. 2. NetSlice spatial partition
 The context of making NetSlice consists of completely separated resources. Even the NICs and the CPU cores are treated as separate resources. At-least two CPU cores contribute to one Netslice. The kernel and user mode operations done with dividing CPU cores into u-peer and k- peer, which are Netslice output states.The u-peer CPU helps perform the user mode functionality. Whereas k-peer CPU is used for in kernel network stack. The k-peer helps detect contextual cables and also summaries the required Netslices. The Netslice help decide which data packets to flow from NICs to user-land and from user-land to NICs. The packets received from NICs are lightly processed on k-peer cores and forwarded to user-land for application use and later using pipe, packets are processed.NetSlice uses sockets standard APIs to read, write and vote different streams of data for other Netslices. Using ioctl format Netslice expands the APIs. NetSlice uses encryption and hence reduced delay in system calls and in number of system calls. Extended APIs can be used for setting up the system calls. Batch processing helps reduce overhead caused by each packet. Netslice is not taking advantages of zero-copy operations. It does copy from kernel space to user space. Establishing zero-copy also improve NetSlice performance. However, it is not included in the frame, as it will limit the load.
 3. PF_RING
 PF_RING is one more such framework which implements zero-copy method between the kernel space and the user space. It was invented by Luca. It provides fast network packet acquisition and distribution framework. It attains fast packet processing with the help of PF_RING buffers, which are present in shared memory region which is common to user space and kernel space. This PF_RING buffers are preallocated, in which helps in reduce cost per network packet memory assignment and un-assignment.
 The main element present in PF_RINGS framework are:
 1. kernel module: It helps in copying data from network card to PF_RING circular queue.
 2. PF_Ring aware drivers: It helps in increasing the performance by using exclusive drivers to access the network cards.
 3. PF_Ring user-space library: It helps in accessing PF_RING module present in kernel from applications running in user space.
 The PF_RING uses exclusive device drivers, called as Direct NIC access or DNA, for gaining fast network data packet processing without the involvement of central processing unit or CPU, by using system calls. PF_RING uses mapping from NIC memory to user space memory and helps transmission between network card and applications running in user space. The network data packets are sent frm network card to user land, without the operations of PF_RING module or Linux kernel. Then zero copy happens by doing Direct memory access from the NIC Network process unit and kernel data packet buffer is copied.
 Some of the drawbacks with using PF_RING are:
 1. System crash are possible due to misusing memory addresses by NICs direct memory access.
 2. Only one application can run at a time
 Fig. 3. PF_RING with DNA driver
 4. DPDK
 This framework provides set of libraries, developed by Intel under the open source to accelerate packet processing workloads. The DPDK framework is different from Linux kernel network stack. The DPDK framework works excellently at user space by not entering into the Linux kernel network protocol stack to decrease information copying and make full dominance over provided hardware. The applications run at user space and they use DPDK set of libraries and poll mode drivers at user space to acquire and distribute data packets, when new data packets enter network card in the system, the new data packets are transferred directly
 from network card to the applications running in user space without using Linux network stack.
 DPDK implements either in run to completion model or pipeline model. With the system with many processing cores. The idea in run to completion model is to poll the network card and process packets and transmit from and to the same network ports, attached to the cores. In run to completion model all the cores work to complete a common application code. Whereas in pipeline model, only one core is used for receiving and transmitting the data packets from network card. It makes use of ring queue from Librte_ring to pass this data to other cores to process the packets and in pipeline model, cores can work on different application codes.
 1. Environment Abstraction Layer (EAL): EAL builds environmental specific libraries. It acts as the abstraction Layer, so that the applications running in the user land have no clue on the environments it is running on. By using the interface provided by EAL, applications can gain access to hardware and the resources.
 More specifically, services provided by EAL are
 1. DPDK loading and launching.
 2. Does core affinity
 3. System memory allocation and reservation
 4. Helps in communicating with the PCI bus
 5. Interrupt handling
 1. Core Components: The core components help in attaining faster packet processing provided by DPDK with the help of set of libraries offered.
 1. Librte_eal: meant to hide system or OS specifics from common upper layers.
 2. Librte_ring: It is a circular buffer, which is the queue used to pass data between threads and processes.
 3. Librte_mempool: It is a memory pool manager, which sets up pool of memory buffer and uses for packet processing.
 4. Librte_mbuf: It is the structure used to hold the packet information.
 5. Librte_pmd: It helps in adding and configuring all the supported network cards in DPDK.
 6. Librte_Timer: It is a timer manager, which uses Hpatch timers for various routines and helps in scheduling functions.
 2. DPDK Strategies for high performance packet processing:
 1. It uses pre-supplied memory bufferes called as mbuf. It stores both meta-data aswell as the actual data. And it requires only one allocation per packet.
 2. Provides cores with their own cache memory and help reduce the access to the shared pool ring memory, which can be more efficient with the CPU.
 3. It uses circular rings, used as a queue. It has more advantages over linked list. Besides, it reduce the time required to do more time-consuming tasks.
 4. Reduces further disruption by using Poll Mode Drivers.
 Fig. 4. DPDK major components
 CPU –
 User – space or kernel space
 Batch – processing
 Zero – copy
 Support for parallelism
 user space
 helps decrease overheads for large batches
 Supported, it only requires swapping of Rx and Tx buffer indexes between those interfaces
 Supported, without lock it spreads load to available multiple cores by mapping between Netmap rings and NIC rings
 User space, by providing simplified path between user space and NICs for the packets
 Supported, by providing packet send and receive operations for bulk packets to decrease overheads
 Unsupported,It copies data between kernel and user space
 Supported, it slices the incoming traffic and provides array of independent environment for packet processing
 Not supported
 It uses ring buffer in the kernel space and creates mmap to share it with the program running in user space
 Unsupported, but PF_RING ZC version uses it
 Not supported
 Supported, by scaling down with the no. of cores available
 Supported, to support bulk operations and decrease context switch overhead
 Yes, by using per core storage pool to ease allocation or freeing without the use of shared variables
 In this paper, we went over the internal structure and


text:
In today's fast-paced and ever-changing business landscape, organizations face numerous challenges. To thrive and succeed, they must adapt, evolve, and continuously improve. One approach that has gained considerable attention is Strength-Based Organizational Development (SOD). This powerful methodology focuses on identifying and nurturing the strengths of individuals and teams within an organization. A strengths-based framework is used to nurture skills and knowledge and ensure that employees spend most of the time developing and applying their strengths.
At its core, Strength-Based Organizational Development is about shifting the focus from fixing weaknesses to enhancing strengths. Rather than dwelling on what's wrong or deficient, SOD encourages organizations to identify and leverage their existing capabilities and talents. Basically, organisations now tap in to the resources they have and make the best of them.
Cooperrider (2002) describes the deficit-based emphasis as one where the focus is on what is wrong and 'fixing it' through intervention strategies. Problems are identified and efforts are made to 'fill the gap' between where we are and where we want to get to. However, with a strengths-focused approach the focus is on collaboratively identifying what is right and enhancing it. The aim is to identify and amplify the core strengths that people have. It requires a shift in learning systems, processes, practice and mindset (Staron, 2021).
Strength based approach also solves for 2 major organisational factors. First being performance and second engagement. Engaged employees are more likely to go the extra mile, driving innovation and contributing to the overall success of the organization. Research and evidence, both show that employees and teams that experience the strengths based approach are 74% more engaged than those who don't.
When employees get to display their strengths, they tend to perform well on the tasks as they come naturally to the employees. When their strengths are used for tasks, they feel even more motivated to perform. Additionally, because the task is related to their strength and they are able to perform, engagement at work is also solved for.
In the traditional problem-focused model, employees are often subjected to lengthy performance appraisals, boring one on one's and extensive development plans that focus on improving areas of weakness. This approach demoralizes individuals and hinder their growth. A strengths based organisational culture also promotes coaching feedback and prioritises the well-being and development of the employees. Gallup data shows that employees leave organisations because they cannot grow and develop.
The question that arises is 'doesn't addressing weaknesses equates to personal growth?'. In such cases, it is beneficial to consider the significance of a weakness in relation to your current or desired role. If a specific weakness acts as a barrier to achieving your growth plans, then investing time and energy into resolving it becomes worthwhile. However, if a weakness does not significantly impede your progress, it is more advantageous to channel your efforts towards areas that align with your long-term vision.
A strength-based approach also does not replace your existing organisational culture; it helps you amplify the best parts of it. In fact, in a meta-analysis conducted by Gallup, it was found that 19% increased sales, 29% increased profits, and 72% lower turnover in high turnover organisations.
Organisational culture and strengths-based leadership are more about what leaders do and the choices they make than they are about what CEOs say. Leadership participation fuses organisational culture's importance with strengths. Additionally, alignment provides teams and managers with a clear path, enabling them to focus their time, energy, and resources on strengths-based development. Here's what you can do for developing a strengths-based approach:
- Align tasks and projects with strengths
- Communicate how applying strengths will enable the company to achieve its purpose and business objectives.
- Work with employees individually to uncover their strengths and interests.
- Articulate how the strengths initiative is connected to the organisation's identity.
- Think about the people you are talking to and consider how their talent DNA is at work. Recognize it when you see it in action.
- Communicate your strengths and how you implement them at work.
- Building on strengths shouldn't come at the expense of learning something employees have a desire to learn.
- Review current performance management systems and processes, and identify areas of opportunity for integrating strengths.
- Infuse strengths when setting daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly goals, and clarifying expectations.
In conclusion, strength-based organisational development provides a novel and successful strategy for achieving organisational success. Organisations may maximise their potential for development and success in a changing business environment by recognising and utilising the distinctive skills of individuals and teams.
Staron, M. (2011). Life-based learning model–a model for strength-based approaches to capability development and implications for personal development planning. Mindful Creations, February, 1-14.
With a master's in clinical psychology, Aasawari specializes in behaviour and mindset change, leveraging her understanding human behaviour to bring about personal and professional transformations. As a passionate researcher, she delves into the latest studies and findings to create insightful and evidence-based blog articles. She strives to bridge the gap between theory and practice by simplifying complex research to provide practically actionable recommendations.


text:
Prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in sepsis survivors after ICU discharge
Calsavara, Allan J.; Costa, Priscila A.; Nobre, Vandack; Teixeira, Antonio L.
Braz. J. Psychiatry
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
Objective: Sepsis survivors present a wide range of sequelae; few studies have evaluated psychiatric disorders after sepsis. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in sepsis survivors. Method: Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms in severe sepsis and septic shock survivors 24 h and 1 year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge were assessed using the Beck Anxiety/Depression Inventories and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Differences in psychiatric symptoms over time and the influence of variables on these symptoms were calculated with marginal models. Results: A total of 33 patients were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of anxiety, depression and PTSD 24 h after ICU discharge were 67%, 49%, and 46%, respectively and, among patients re-evaluated 1 year after ICU discharge, the frequencies were 38%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Factors associated with PTSD included serum S100B level, age, and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) score. Factors associated with depression included patient age and cumulative dose of dobutamine. IQCODE score and cumulative dose of haloperidol in the ICU were associated with anxiety after ICU discharge. Conclusion: Patients who survive sepsis have high levels of psychiatric symptoms. Sepsis and associated treatment-related exposures may have a role in increasing the risk of subsequent depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
- Shook over hell: post-traumatic stress, Vietnam, and the civil war
- Are happier people less vulnerable to rumination, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress? Evidence from a large scale disaster
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Veterans and post-traumatic stress disorder
- Post-traumatic stress an occupational hazard for journalists?


The main issue is that several research building their solution of detecting and classifying English language is based on bigram distribution. However, I would like to know if it possible to generate a random set of words that are not English (rubbish words) but still respect the bigram of the English language. Is there any idea on how we can construct that if possible?
 - $\begingroup$ Do you want to create a language with the same bigram or just a sequence of words without actual meaning? $\endgroup$ – Anthony Martin Sep 18 '14 at 8:36
 - $\begingroup$ yes i want words without any meaning... $\endgroup$ – user2085339 Sep 18 '14 at 9:17
 - $\begingroup$ Do you want to generate words which are surely rubbish? I mean your problem is that is expensive to check if a word is rubbish or not and you want a procedure which produces only rubbish? $\endgroup$ – rapaio Sep 18 '14 at 12:26
 - $\begingroup$ Please do not change your question after it has been discussed and answered. If you have a new question, then you may begin a new thread. $\endgroup$ – whuber Nov 8 '14 at 13:37
Sure: run a Markov chain.
This Markov chain should begin with a letter chosen randomly from the alphabet with probabilities proportional to the letter frequencies. In order to distinguish words, the alphabet needs to include spaces (and other word separators, if they are being tracked, such as punctuation) and the bigrams need to include the spaces.
At each step in the chain, a transition is made from the current letter to another letter with probabilities proportional to the bigram frequencies. The relevant bigrams are only those beginning with the current letter. Transition frequencies are conveniently (and conventionally) maintained in a square array: the current letter indexes the rows and the next letter indexes the columns.
As an example, let's read the actual question text in this post, clean it a little to remove punctuation and sequences of whitespace, compute its bigrams, and estimate a transition matrix from these bigrams. This code uses R:
# Create the bigram information.
text <- readLines("_URL_
i <- grep("\"post-text\"", text)[1] # Find the post text
j <- grep(" i])
s <- paste(text[(i+1):(j-1)], collapse=" ") # Paste lines together
s <- gsub("[^[:alnum:] ]+", " ", s) # Remove non-alpha
s <- gsub("[[:blank:]]+", " ", s) # Remove sequences of ws
s <- tolower(s) # Ignore case
s <- unlist(strsplit(s, character(0), fixed=TRUE)) # Convert to vector
bigrams <-table(s[-length(s)], s[-1]) # Bigram frequencies: rows->cols
s.freq <- table(s) # Letter frequencies
To illustrate, the letter frequency array s.freq begins like this:
 a b c d...
0._PHONE_ 0.05978261 0.02717391 0.01902174 0.02717391...
Spaces occur 18% of the time, "a" occurs 6% of the time, "b" occurs 2.7%, and so on. The transition array in bigrams begins like this:
 a b c d...
 0.00000000 0.06153846 0.07692308 0.04615385 0.03076923...
 a 0.09090909 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000...
 b 0.00000000 0._PHONE_ 0._PHONE_ 0.00000000 0.00000000...
 c 0.00000000 0._PHONE_ 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000...
 d 0.30000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000...
For instance--reading across the first row--a space is followed by an "a" 6% of the time, by a "b" 7.7% of the time, and so on. A "b" is never followed by a space, is followed by an "a" 10% of the time, and so on.
Let's run this chain for the same length as the original post:
# Run a Markov chain.
a <- sample(names(s.freq), 1, prob=s.freq) # Select a random start
text.sim <- sapply(1:length(s), function(i) {
 a.old <- a
 a <<- sample(colnames(bigrams), 1, prob=bigrams[a, ])
text.sim <- paste(text.sim, collapse="") # Put the letters together
_TAG_.sim <- strsplit(text.sim, " ") # Split into words
The output in text.sim is
m en ist ra lll ilderdes aguth lag por ecth i cthon ibl is tis ibinge liglds ige ore dsuthain asiso idetenglire instid w il bishagre la isetisis tiblas m isi t rdol oratist asere pony wo bbld bul g she we sh pe le ne of t ke m p s buany ralildike t tissh of s ibbbbangeve pongre blectinon m onguco we westingled buba t ing te lirdsuaruath bbutr we ilithange isp worch
It doesn't look very English-like because the post was such a specialized subset of English. For a more realistic result I used the text of the USA Declaration of Independence, which produced this:
ntese te heigluthasiolyr fothe bl abssucher apuriven ssthe tond f ong beantin ran whel nd c o ssthourfiry of lind dirbeng plan forn tarn arsth thecto peouredur h mplie ourn fo se cheghatofirin outt pratid pr woncatuf o theyr usthan athtse med hor thed as o tondeigize fis cin wis calalie iles tubal venetrs onid arild an ath te edeo ict he d ta ie aleiour in turincke pllenodinde one ren ollame than
Clearly bigrams are not very good: they do not consistently enforce basic rules, such as requiring a vowel to appear in each word. But this approach does produce pseudo-words of the right lengths and, by and large, the words of more than one letter bear some facsimile to English. "... o theyr usthan athtse med hor thed..." could even be mistaken for something out of an Old English text.
Some of the generated words, like "plan" and "of", are legitimate. That's usually not a problem when simulating words to study text-mining algorithms, but if true non-words are needed, it's a simple matter to look all the words up in a dictionary and eliminate those that have a match. (A relational database join would make short work of this step.)
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks for the answer, however, the first part is very clear. the general approach is also clear. I am just confused with the last step. how do you create back the letters from the matrix? can you explain in plain english rathar than R $\endgroup$ – user2085339 Nov 6 '14 at 12:31
 - $\begingroup$ This question is answered in the second paragraph: each letter encountered during the Markov chain is output sequentially. $\endgroup$ – whuber Nov 6 '14 at 14:43
Your Answer


No score yet - based on 3 Critics
Critic score distribution:
 1. Positive: 1 out of 3
 2. Negative: 0 out of 3
 1. Reviewed by: Eric Henderson
 Sep 28, 2012
 A devout political documentary that insists that community, dignity, and solidarity are sustaining, but not the baseline by which one should settle.
 2. Reviewed by: Michelle Orange
 Sep 28, 2012
 Triumph follows tragedy as the case unfolds and history is caught repeating, but the larger, more complicated story underlying this brief but bracing missive still feels untold.
 3. Reviewed by: Nicolas Rapold
 Sep 28, 2012
 Following the efforts of a South African housing rights group, the documentary Dear Mandela illustrates how fresh injustices have succeeded the inequality once enforced by apartheid.
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text:
|Reference : Accounting for coherence in wind forces in finite element models|
|Scientific congresses and symposiums : Paper published in a book|
|Engineering, computing & technology : Civil engineering|
|Accounting for coherence in wind forces in finite element models|
|Denoël, Vincent [Université de Liège - ULg > Département Argenco : Secteur MS2F > Mécanique des solides >]|
|Proceedings of the Eurodyn 2005 Conference|
|September 4-7, 2005|
|[en] The behaviour of civil engineering structures subjected to wind forces is generally approached
by means of finite element models. These numerical models are necessary since the shape of the structure as well as the representation of the applied forces are difficult to handle in closed forms.
In stochastic dynamic analyses, the coherence of the applied forces – in this context coming from the wind flow – is represented by the off-diagonal terms in the power spectral density matrix. This matrix is obtained by assembling elementary matrices, each of them corresponding to a stochastically loaded finite element.
Even though the unique rigorous approach is not so complicated, simplified formulations are generally used to set up these elementary matrices. These simplifications result in a bad estimation of the high frequency content of the applied forces. Comparing these approached power spectral density's to the actual ones enables to determine numerical admittance functions which allow correcting the bad estimation of the forces. This paper presents several finite element formulations for the estimation of the applied forces and derives the corresponding expressions of the numerical admittance functions.
|Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Communauté française de Belgique) - F.R.S.-FNRS|
|Researchers ; Professionals|
|File(s) associated to this reference|
All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.


text:
Ask a question about 'California Scrub Oak'
Start a new discussion about 'California Scrub Oak'
Answer questions from other users
, the California Scrub Oak
, is a small evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus, of which about 600 species exist. "Oak" may also appear in the names of species in related genera, notably Lithocarpus...
in the white oak section Quercus
. It is a native of the scrubby hills of California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
, and is a common member of chaparral
Chaparral is a shrubland or heathland plant community found primarily in the U.S. state of California and in the northern portion of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico...
grows to 1-2 m tall, rarely to 4 m, and has sharply toothed, dull green leaves
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
which are 1.5-3 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, leathery on their top surfaces and somewhat hairy underneath. The solitary or paired brown acorn
The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives. It usually contains a single seed, enclosed in a tough, leathery shell, and borne in a cup-shaped cupule. Acorns vary from 1–6 cm long and 0.8–4 cm broad...
s are 1-3 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, and pointed or egg-shaped with thin caps when mature; they mature in about 6-8 months after pollination. In cooler, more exposed areas, scrub oak is usually a small, compact shrub, but in warm or sheltered areas the plant can spread out and grow several meters high.
It is often known simply as scrub oak
, though this name is also applied to other Quercus
species, especially several which were formerly grouped under the single name Q. dumosa
and are found in scrubby habitats. Many other scrub-type oaks can be found in the region, and careful inspection is required to identify individuals of Q. berberidifolia
and its hybrids.
sometimes hybridizes with other species.
The word chaparral
is derived from the Spanish
Spanish, also known as Castilian, is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
word for scrub oak, chaparro


text:
Homemade plates are typically made from pottery clay and fired in a kiln to ensure long-term strength and durability. Decorations for homemade plates vary, depending on whether the plates are designed to be purely decorative, or if they are intended for practical, everyday use. For homemade plates that will be used as serving dishes, select only decorating materials that are clearly marked as being safe for food.
- Skill level:
- Moderately Easy
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Homemade plates
- Food-safe glazes and paints
- Pottery kiln
- Paint brushes
- Potter's wax
Select a food-safe glaze or glazes to decorate homemade plates. Glaze can be applied to homemade plates once they have been kiln fired. Use paint brushes, stencils, sponges or other faux finishing tools, like brushes and combs, to create unusual and organic patterns, such as waves, stripes or curls. Fire the homemade plates again following the glaze manufacturer's guidelines.
Allow glazed, fired plates to fully cool before removing them from the kiln. Further embellish by applying glaze-resistant waxes and additional layers of glaze, or by painting designs on the surfaces. Ideas for designs include scrolls or floral patterns around the rim of the plate or a floral or geometrical pattern on the centre of the plate. Re-fire the homemade plates again and repeat the reglazing process as often as necessary to achieve the desired design.
After cooling, add additional clay embellishments, if desired. Consider gluing raised elements around the rim of the plates, such as glazed pieces of clay sculpted into decorative balls, or premade pressed or stamped decorative clay pieces.
Add finishing touches to homemade plates by trimming and highlighting various design elements with food-safe decorative paints. Consider adding gold or silver flourishes around the rim of the plates. Or paint delicate scrolls around the centre of the plates.
Allow homemade plates to dry completely and seal with a food-safe spray sealant, if desired.
Tips and warnings
- If homemade plates are to be used for decorative purposes only, add wall-hanging hardware to the backs of the plates so they can be displayed.
- Some pottery glazes have texturising elements that create a somewhat rough surface, which some people may find to be undesirable when used for serving food.
- Wash handmade decorated plates carefully after use. For best results, hand wash in warm, soapy water using a mild detergent and a non-abrasive cloth.
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text:
Traveling Luck for Ouen Dakoesse, New Caledonia (general), New Caledonia
Where is Ouen Dakoesse?What's around Ouen Dakoesse?
Wikipedia near Ouen Dakoesse
Where to stay near Ouen Dakoesse
The timezone in Ouen Dakoesse is Pacific/Noumea
Sunrise at 05:02 and Sunset at 18:20. It's Dark
Latitude. -21.8333°, Longitude. _PHONE_°
Satellite map around Ouen Dakoesse
Loading map of Ouen Dakoesse and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Ouen Dakoesse, in New Caledonia (general), New Caledonia
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest.
- Kochéré (15.9km)
- tribal area;
- a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes.
- Tribu de Koum (49.1km)
- an area where vessels may anchor.
- Mouillage de Ngoé (20.5km)
- a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges.
- Massif du Humboldt (36.9km)
- a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf.
- Baie de Kouakoué (52.2km)
- a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap].
- Col de Ni (47.7km)
Airports close to Ouen Dakoesse
La tontouta(NOU), Noumea, New caledonia (117.4km)
Noumea magenta(GEA), Noumea, New caledonia (149.4km)


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Samu Potka: Cyclic sieving
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Föreläsare: Samu Potka
Plats: Room 3418, Lindstedtsvägen 25, 4th floor, Department of Mathematics, KTH
Abstract: The cyclic sieving phenomenon was defined by Reiner, Stanton, and White in 2004. The ingredients are a finite set X, a cyclic group C acting on X, and a polynomial f(q) with integer coefficients and satisfying f(1) = |X|. The triple (X, C, f(q)) is said to exhibit the cyclic sieving phenomenon if f(q) evaluated at certain roots of unity gives the number of elements of X fixed by powers of a generator of C. We will discuss this curious phenomenon and an example instance on circular Dyck paths (joint work with Per Alexandersson and Svante Linusson) which also provides an example on bijective/enumerative combinatorics.
In this talk we will study HS(M) by defining an action of the automorphism group aut(G) of G. This action lets us study the symmetries of G in terms of homology, which is susceptible to computations. By replacing G with any finite abstract simplicial complex we deepen the study of graph symmetries. Abstract simplicial complexes are generalisations of graphs, and there are natural such complexes associated to graphs which unveil more complicated symmetries.
Tillhör: Institutionen för matematik
Senast ändrad: 2019-11-04


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A 3d model of Stomach Anatomy. Complete with color map and bump maps. This model is ready for 3d medical animation/presentation. This model is consist of different model conversions such as 3ds, max, maya, lightwave etc. This conversions can be open in any latest or old 3d software package.
In some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects and molluscs, the stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as the primary organ of the digestive tract. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. The stomach is located between the esophagus and the small intestine. It secretes protein-digesting enzymes and strong acids to aid in food digestion, and also churns food through smooth muscular contortions before sending partially-digested food to the small intestines.
Ask a Question
Question, RE: Item ID 32314 (Human Stomach)


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Visiting a natural area has associated risks and it is advisable to take extra care to ensure a safe time.
Wave action around the coast and rock platforms is highly unpredictable and can be hazardous. When at the shoreline and on rock platforms always watch what the waves are doing and never turn your back to the sea. Exercise extreme caution when in these areas in any weather conditions.
All plants and animals in the park are protected and should not be taken or interfered with.
Before exploring this national park it is important to take some precautions:
- It is easy to become lost in the rainforest so keep to tracks and roads.
- Walk with another person and tell someone where you are going and when you expect to return.
- Carry drinking water with you.
- When bushwalking wear sturdy shoes and sunscreen.
- The sea cliffs and inland cliffs on Christmas Island can be very treacherous and we strongly advise not to go near cliff edges.
- Beaches can be subject to large waves, strong rips and undertows. No beach on the island is patrolled by lifesavers. Please use commonsense when swimming or wading at any beach on the island.
- Obey all safety directions, notices and warning signs.
- Some roads in the national park are designated 4WD only and many sections are steep and narrow and become slippery when wet. Drive carefully and slowly. Extra care should be taken when driving around during wet periods and during the red crab migration when crabs are out on roads and tracks.
If you require any further information or assistance, please contact Parks staff at the Drumsite office for advice or phone 9164 8700.


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Nothing brings out patriotic pride like the Olympics. But before we get busy reading about gold medals and new heights of athletic glory, let's take a few moments to reflect on a few shameful Canadian records that you likely won't be hearing about during any Olympic broadcasts:
1. The Alberta tar sands hold two shameful world records: Highest carbon footprint for a commercial oil project and largest capital project, says a September Greenpeace report. The organization commissioned award-winning journalist Andrew Nikiforuk to write the paper, in which he declares that the tar sands are likely to hold onto these records as production continues to expand over the next decade.
2. In 1989, the federal government promised to end Canadian child poverty by 2000. The kids that promise was made to are adults now, and one child in seven still lives in poverty. The Conference Board of Canada's annual benchmark exercise scored us 13 out of 17 countries on child poverty; only Italy, Germany, Ireland, and the United States ranked below us.
3. Canada is the only G8 country without a national mental health strategy. Stephen Harper announced the creation of the Mental Health Commission of Canada in 2007, but so far the commission only posted a draft framework for what the strategy will look like on its website. With one in five Canadians dealing with a mental illness at least once in their lives, we hope the Commission stays on target to finish the plan by 2011.
4. We're also the only G8 country without a national housing strategy. Though Bill C-304, an act to ensure secure, adequate, accessible, and affordable housing, passed its second reading last September, Libby Davies, the NDP member who proposed the bill, says that there is still much work to do to make it a reality. For example, educating our governing party on the importance of such a strategy: With one exception, Conservative MPs voted against the bill.


Question: Should Babies Be Vegan?
Is it safe for a child to be vegan?
In summary, vegan diets can be safe for children as long as parents and guardians are well informed about the key nutrients required for growth and development.
Furthermore, parents of vegan children must be extra cautious to ensure they're eating a balanced diet and seek professional guidance, where necessary..
What do vegan babies drink instead of milk?
If a vegan or vegetarian baby is weaned from breast milk before 12 months, they should receive iron-fortified infant formula until they are 1 year old. Milk alternatives, such as soy, rice, almond, hemp, etc., are not recommended during the first year of life because they do not have the right amounts of nutrients.
How do I fatten up my vegan baby?
Breastfeed on demand and include foods like ground nuts/seeds or nut/seed butters, avocado, whole grains, beans, peas, legumes, tofu, sweet potatoes, and healthy fats and oils with meals and snacks. By 1 year of age, work towards feeding your child 3 meals and 2 to 3 snacks each day.
Why vegan diet is bad?
This is not only because a vegan diet removes some of the foods that are most nutritionally dense – namely meat, dairy, and eggs – but because it usually replaces them with grains and vegetable oils – which provide cheap, nutritionally-empty calories, and invariably create a lot of inflammation and health problems.
What percent of vegans go back to eating meat?
84 percentAccording to a large study of American dietary habits, 84 percent of vegetarians and vegans eventually go back to eating meat. The study was funded by advocacy group the Humane Research Council, which partnered with Harris Interactive to survey the meat-eating habits of 11,399 adults ages 17 and older.
What is the best age to go vegan?
There's no set age when it's "OK" for a child to begin a vegan approach. Typically, mothers should breastfeed for four to six months, but once a baby begins solid foods, it's appropriate to replace meat products with mashed or pureed tofu or beans, along with soy yogurt and cheese, Johnson says.
Do vegan babies develop slower?
Paediatric dietician Nicole Rothband says: "[A vegan diet] can hamper a child's growth, and they may not achieve their full growth potential, it can also slow down an affect their intellectual development and that can impact on their life choices."
What is the best vegan baby formula?
While vegan formula has yet to launch in the U.S., you can find great dairy-free soya based formulas nationwide. Enfamil ProSobee, Similac Soy Isomil, and Earth's Best Organic® Soy Infant Formula are a few options that you can easily find at your local stores.
Can babies survive on a vegan diet?
Vegan diets do not use any animal products, including eggs or dairy, and this poses some unique risks for babies and toddlers because of their extremely rapid growth rate, Dr. Panchal says. "Infants and young children simply require more protein, calcium and vitamins D and B12 than adults," she says.
Is it really healthier to be vegan?
Are vegans weaker than meat eaters?
Yup, eating a plant-based diet makes you much weaker than meat-eaters. A new study, published in BMC Medicine, found that vegans have lower calcium and protein intakes which makes them more susceptible to fractures anywhere in the body.
Was Albert Einstein vegan?
What are the negatives of being vegan?
Can babies eat tofu?
Packed with nutritional value and ranging in texture, tofu may be eaten as soon as your baby is ready for solids, which is generally around 6 months old. Silken and soft styles can be mixed into other dishes, while firm tofu may be eaten as a finger food.
What happens to your body when you go vegan?
What do you feed a vegan baby?
Vegan infants need a good variety of protein foods, such as peas, beans, lentils, soya beans, tofu, soya yoghurt, nut and seed butters, as well as cereal foods and grains. Pulses are very good first foods to offer because they can be mashed easily and provide a variety of tastes and textures.
Is breast milk vegan?
Breast milk is indeed vegan and is the perfect food to nourish your newborn and future animal rights activist.
Are humans evolved to eat meat?
The first major evolutionary change in the human diet was the incorporation of meat and marrow from large animals, which occurred by at least 2.6 million years ago.


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Is There Reward In Following Lessons Online? Sh.Zaid al-Madkhaly
The following question was posed to Shaikh Zaid al-Madkhaly رحمه الله:
Q: Do those who follow the lessons of the Salafi scholars online or via radio gain the blessing of the gathering?
A: These whom you have mentioned have many great gains:-
Firstly: They are considered students of knowledge, [i.e. in the sense that they are using their time listening to salafi lessons online, learning and benefitting] and the student of knowledge is the best of the people in degree, and the best of the people of his time if he intends the removal of ignorance from himself through seeking knowledge and to act upon his knowledge and spread it.
Secondly: The student of knowledge whether he sits in isolation alone or in a group, serenity descends upon him, and mercy envelops him, and the Angels of Allah surround him. So these individuals who follow the circles of knowledge from the Book and the Sunnah and other means of knowledge, they have a great reward and their reward does not decrease from the level of reward of those physically present in the circles with the scholars of knowledge in'sha'Allah.
التعليقات الجياد على كتاب تطهير الاعتقاد ص184 – 185
[Translator's note: This has within it a great encouragement for those who find themselves in circumstances whereby they are unable to attend Salafi lessons in-person, to listen and follow online from wherever they may be across the world.
It should be highlighted though, that this is not to be understood as a licence to purposely exclude oneself from the physical gatherings with the ability to attend, upon the excuse of being able to listen online anyway. Those who find themselves in a position to attend Salafi lessons, of students for example, in-person within their localities and/or surrounding areas, should make the effort in accordance to their ability to attend and be with their brothers and sisters. It is from the blessing of Allah lessons are now held by Salafi students in various locations across the U.K. and elsewhere, such blessings are deserving of gratitude to be demonstrated upon them. However, those who are genuinely unable to physically attend, then their is great benefit nevertheless in following online, and that is an opportunity not to be wasted.]


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Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry
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The book begins with basics of synthetic aperture radar to provide the basis for understanding how polarimetric SAR images are formed and gives an introduction to the fundamentals of radar polarimetry. It goes on to discuss more advanced polarimetric concepts that allow one to infer more information about the terrain being imaged. In order to analyze data quantitatively, the signals must be calibrated carefully, which the book addresses in a chapter summarizing the basic calibration algorithms. The book concludes with examples of applying polarimetric analysis to scattering from rough surfaces, to infer soil moisture from radar signals.


NEWTON, Ask A Scientist!
Name: Glenn
Status: other
Grade: other
Location: Outside U.S.
Country: USA
Date: Summer 2012
I was reading an answered question about why an object looks black and understand the answer completely. My original question which lead me here in the first place is: If there exists a room, which has zero light but is at a very high temperature, and we place two objects (of identical size and material), one being black and the other being light in color, inside this room, do both exhibit Identical heat absorption? OR, to put another way: Is the radiation of light the single determinant factor for black objects absorbing more heat?
Glenn, If the room has an atmosphere, and surfaces are identical except for color, heat entering through conduction and convection will be the same. Radiation will not be an initial part of absorption. As the objects heat up, radiation will be part of heat loss. If both objects react with radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves the same, then they will emit these forms of radiation equally as the objects heat up. If hot enough to emit some visible light, then the black object will emit more, causing it to lose more energy. The black object may be a little bit cooler.
Dr. Ken Mellendorf Physics Instructor Illinois Central College
A comment of yours, sets an alarm off (for me, at least). You say, "… understand the answer completely." Be very careful about understanding something "completely". That may mean that you do not understand the answer completely, at all. Do not be too, too sure about making such a claim. You claim total understanding, but what about electromagnetic radiation that is outside the range (a very narrow range) of visible radiation? That is a very narrow sampling of electromagnetic radiation extending from radio waves and longer wavelengths, and electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths and shorter?
At sufficiently short wavelengths the distinction between electromagnetic radiation and "particles" becomes diffuse. So that an electron, a proton, etc. are "just" short wavelength radiation. You need to think through your assumptions very carefully.
Vince Calder
Answering your question is a challenge. "Zero light but at high temperature" is a little distracting because the high temperature will have a wavelength(s) somewhere between 750 nm to about 10,000 nm. Radiative heat is an electromagnetic phenomenon. Of particular interest is the heat room(an oven). An oven at a constant temperature is not a dynamic system, it is at equilibrium.
Inside the heat saturated room, the black object will initially absorb the radiation faster than the white, which will be reflecting energy. However, the room and both objects will come to thermal equilibrium rather quickly through vibrational transfer of energy. Black objects, white objects and the oven will be hot. In the hot room, there is no way to demonstrate the effects of black vs white.
Radiative heat, in a dynamic(chaotic) environment will be preferentially absorbed by a black body as compared to a white body.
Hoping this helps. Peter E. Hughes, Ph.D. Milford, NH
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What's a fellow?
A research fellowship allows young scientists or physicians an opportunity to explore a specific research topic alongside an experienced faculty member. Underwriting new fellowships at UW-Madison encourages young bright scientists to focus their work on epilepsy, which is a very underfunded area of study. It also increases the university's ability to attract more world-class medical research, and builds UW's reputation as a leader in epilepsy.
2013 Fellow Brandon Wright
Brandon is a native of Louisiana, a UW grad and a PhD candidate working in Physiology in the Neuroscience Department lab of Dr. Meyer. In July of 2013, he will become the second Lily's Fund Fellow dedicating himself to crack the code on epilepsy.
Seizures result from uncontrolled firing of neurons. Currently, electrodes and MRIs give us an idea where these electrical events take place but not an exact location. Brandon is using a technique called "voltage-imaging" to show where electrical pulses occur and where they will spread through the brain. Identifying the circuits or connections where runaway electrical activity occurs in the brain is the first step in finding the right treatment to stop the spread seizures.
For Brandon, this is more than just a purely scientific pursuit. Brandon's brother lives with epilepsy. We'll keep you updated on Brandon's work.
What if your doctor could predict the likelihood of a seizure by looking for certain markers in your brain? Beth Hutchinson, our first Lily's Fund Fellow named in 2011, made it her mission to study these markers.
We now know how quickly the brain learns and remembers the seizure pathways. By identifying and preventing the pathways from being created, doctors might be able to avoid a lifetime of epilepsy.
After 424 brain scans of rats using a new imaging technique to identify epilepsy, Beth and her UW team uncovered some important data that may predict the likelihood of developing epilepsy after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), a common precurser to epilepsy. If Beth's findings prove true, instead of waiting and wondering if a seizure will occur, MRI readings could predict if seizures are likely. This could lead to a host of treatment options.
Under the guidance of Dr. Tom Sutula, Beth and her team completed a pilot study that demonstrated a remarkable difference between epilepsy-susceptible rats and epilepsy-resistant rats using brain scans enhanced with manganese.
What could all this mean? Current thinking for seizure protocol is to wait until a patient has more than one seizure before considering treatment. If, after a head injury or febrile seizure, doctors could identify the epilepsy marker through an MRI, they could intervene and possibly prevent the brain from ever having seizures.
These types of interventions are being worked on in labs across the country including here at UW. The goal is to make sure that the pathways to seizures are never made.
In August of 2012 Beth joined the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C. to continue investigating TBI and advanced imaging.
"I am very grateful for the past year as the Lily's fellow," she says. "Your support has not only helped me professionally, but also shaped my priorities and research goals for the future by informing and reminding me of the bigger picture for epilepsy research. Thank you!"
Good luck, Beth! We hope to hear more about your future research.


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The apples and cherries in EDEN Apple Cherry Sauce are organically grown on family owned orchards on the shores of the Great Lakes, one of the best tree fruit growing locations in the world due to the seasonal 'lake effect'. After years of organic management, the healthy trees and soil in these beautiful orchards produce the most delicious fruit we have ever tasted.
EDEN Apple Cherry Sauce is made using traditional methods. Organic Montmorency tart cherries are washed, pitted and cooked into a thick puree up to 30 Brix. The Brix scale is a hydrometer scale for measuring the sugar content of a solution at a given temperature. A select blend of apples are hand sorted and washed, peeled and cored, and put through a mill where they are chopped and sliced. Next they are transferred to a stainless steel, steam injection cooker where they're cooked into sauce. The sauce is strained, blended with the organic cherry puree and packed in glass jars. 80 percent apple sauce and 20 percent tart cherry puree.
EDEN Organic Apple Cherry Sauce is fat free, cholesterol free, very low sodium and a good source of dietary fiber.
A six year Washington State University study comparing different types of apple production recently found that organic fruit growing techniques "are not only better for soil and the environment than their conventional chemical reliant counterpart, but have comparable yields and, for the organic system, higher profits and greater energy efficiency." The study also determined that organic fruit is sweeter and more delicious.
It's good to be choosy when picking apples and apple products. The USDA has identified 35 insecticides, fungicides, and weed killers sprayed on apples, even though the Environmental Protection Agency considers them hazardous. Tests by the Environmental Working Group state that these chemicals do show up in supermarkets, so it is especially important to choose an organic apple you can trust.
Scientific research has found that apples and apple juice contain a wealth of phytonutrients that have been found beneficial to health. A study conducted at Rochester, Minnesota's Mayo Clinic reported finding the "powerful antioxidant, quercetin, in apples and apple juice." Quercetin is one of the more potent antioxidants in apples. In the journal 'Nature', 2000, researchers at Cornell University reported that apple components had more antioxidant capability than a 1,500-milligram mega dose of vitamin C. "Scientists are interested in isolating single components, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, or beta carotene to see if they exhibit antioxidant benefits", says Dr. Rui Hai Liu at Cornell. "It turns out that none of those work alone. It's the combination of flavonoids and polyphenols [antioxidant phytonutrients found in apples] doing the work."
The Montmorency is traditionally known as the 'pie cherry' and the 'healing cherry'. Where this cherry variety has been grown for generations, the locals attest to its abilities. A study at Michigan State University found the antioxidants anthocyanins and their anlyon cyanidin compounds in the pigment of the Montmorency cherry. They also found kaempferol, isoqueritrin, and quercetin. Research conducted at Brunswick Laboratories in Massachusetts and the Hollings Cancer Institute at the Medical University of South Carolina found that Montmorency cherries contain ellagic acid, a naturally occurring plant phenolic. Other compounds of note found in Montmorency cherries are perillyl alcohol and melatonin. Dr. Russell Reiter, of the University of Texas Health Science Center, said "We were surprised at how much melatonin was in cherries, specifically the Montmorency variety." According to research melatonin is a most potent antioxidant, even more so than vitamins C, E and A; it is soluble in both fat and water and can enter cells that many vitamins cannot.