text:
Release V6-0 is the latest version of SapphireTrend, Jemmac Software's world leading real-time process visualization package. Headline features in V6-0 include support for displaying digital values using symbols or text on strip-charts, logarithmic scales, optional Plot Title bars and additional Plug-in dll statistics in the Sapphire Collector.
The new pen 'Digitals' option allows the user to define a range of ordinal values for a pen and then use symbols to delimit state change as opposed to a continuous trend line. This significantly de-clutters Strip charts when trending digital values.
- In addition enumerations can be defined so that a textual representation of the data can be displayed in the Item Details Area under the plot. So rather than displaying an integer value of "1" and leaving the user to remember what that means, more meaningful values such as "Closed" or "On" can be displayed instead.
- As an alternative to displaying symbols on the plot, the user can set the symbol style to none and display a text string (Alias) instead, i.e. "Open", "Closed", "On", "Off", etc…
- Where enumerations are used, the actual numeric value can be read via the tooltip on the Pen Pointers (if displayed).
- Pre-defined sets of common digital definitions (for example based on tag definition type) can be stored for future use and loaded into stPro via a dedicated new Sapphire file type of ".SphDigital".
- Note: Template ".SphDigital" files are delivered in the "examples" folder under the Sapphire install path. The files are text based and use a format that is identical to the digital defintion sections as written to Plot files for plot containing digitals. This allows the plot files to be used to seed user and site defined templates for common digital tag types.
The Plot Title Bars can now be removed by right-clicking on the plot and deselecting View->Title Bar. For multi-plot Sessions this increases the visible plot regions height relative to the overall application window size. This gives more visible plot acreage for the same screen size.
- To maintain clarity a new option has been added allowing the plot title to be displayed within the plot window itself when the title bar is removed. Controls have been provided defining the location for the title (i.e. top-left, middle-left etc) and the size of the text to use. A new User Preference has been added for the title colour.
- Note: For added convenience the option to disable the Plot Title Bar and then display, position and size the title within the plot window itself can be quickly copied from one plot to others using the right-click "View->Apply to All" option.
Pens can now use Logarithmic scales instead of linear scales as was the case in previous releases. The setting is on a per pen basis and applies to all graph styles.
- Note: If a pen in logarithmic mode has scales that are out of range for logs (i.e. zero or less) the tick mark labels and the value displayed in the item details area will report that the scales are invalid.
Print Application Window
A new print option called "Print Application Window" has been added allowing a Session (single Tab) to be printed as a whole (including all the plots and maintaining the plot layout.
- Note: With the appropriate third party software installed, stPro can 'print' directly to a PDF document, Image files (via Snag IT or similar) etc.
For more details about SapphireTrend, see the Product page for it.


text:
Why would researchers place a worm's mind into a Lego robot body? Why, fo' science! [cue stage lightening]
In a project called OpenWorm, researchers have coded the mind of a roundworm and combined that software with a Lego robot. They were able to watch what was happening within the software while the robot moved around. The robot did, apparently, continue to behave the same as a roundworm.
Of course this will continue to move into a place where human minds are uploaded into software. It is inevitable. Why? The god of science demands it. Demands it!
The god of science, in case you aren't aware, is Cthulhu.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2009)|
Pigeonholing is any process that attempts to classify disparate entities into a small number of categories (usually, mutually exclusive ones).
Common failings of pigeonholing schemes include:
- Categories are poorly defined (often because they are subjective).
- Entities may be suited to more than one category. Example: rhubarb is both 'poisonous' and 'edible'.
- Entities may not fit into any available category. Example: asking somebody from Washington, DC which state they live in.
- Entities may change over time, so they no longer fit the category in which they have been placed. Example: certain species of fish may change from male to female during their life.
- Attempting to discretize properties that would be better viewed as a continuum. Example: attempting to sort people into 'introverted' and 'extroverted'.
- Criteria used to categorize entities do not accurately predict the properties ascribed to those categories. Example: relying on astrological sign as a guide to someone's personality.
Also has to do with "pigeonholing" a bill in Congress
|This culture-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
percent of reported industrial spills on land.
The fines against companies that violate the law will be based on a number of factors related to the type of violation and the seriousness of the violation. Types of violations include improper reporting and record-keeping, exceeding discharge limits of certain substances and unlawful spills. Average penalties are expected to be about CAD $1,000 for administrative violations and CAD $10,000–20,000 for unlawful spills and spill-related violations. The size of a penalty is determined by an assessment of:
The gravity or the seriousness of the violation and its consequences.
The monetary benefit, if any, that the facility has gained from non-compliance with Ontario's environmental laws.
The number of days the violation continues.
The presence of a toxic substance in an unlawful spill or unlawful discharge increases the gravity portion of the penalty by 35 percent. The "Environmental Penalties – Code of Toxic Substances" provides a list of 113 toxic substances that would result in such an increase.
Revenue collected from environmental penalties is deposited into a Special Purpose Account. All revenue collected will be made available to communities affected by spills for remediation, restoration and related purposes. Environmental proposals from community organizations will be accepted every year and will be assessed by technical experts to ensure they meet the criteria. As the Environmental Protection Act also requires polluters to compensate for losses or damages that result from spills, the fund is not required for compensation of the victims of spills and spill-related violations.
Regulations, whether they prohibit behaviours by imposing penalties or encourage them by offering incentives, are created in a hierarchical relationship in which governors direct the activities of the governed. In contrast, some organizations are considering the use of another type of power arrangement in which parties are equal partners in a negotiated agreement or covenant that benefits all involved.
In a negotiated agreement or contract, violation of the terms of the contract by one party usually releases the other parties from their obligations. A covenant, a concept with a long history, 'is a mutual promise of two (or more) parties that is valid independently of whether the parties deliver on their promise or not. This gives a covenant a higher, more solemn validity than an ordinary contract, treaty or convention'.40
In the field of international law, the term 'covenant' refers to agreements in which one party's non-performance does not affect the other party's duty to perform, unlike in a classic contract, in which rights and duties are mutually linked. Declarations, charters, compacts, conventions, manifestos, constitutions, treaties and even contracts may carry forward disguised forms of covenants and aspirations. 'Compacts' share with covenant, for example, the expectation that parties are obligated to respond to each other beyond the letter of the law, and both require mutual consent to be abrogated, designed as they are to be perpetual.
It has been theorized that all forms of contract between citizen and state involve more than mere mutual self-interest in order to be binding, and that 'social contracts' were therefore deep, sacred agreements reflecting moral relationships believed to be inherent in reality itself. Indeed, no community can long be governed without some form of mutual trust or covenantal bond that provides identity and purpose to its members and that is judged a fair distribution of powers, benefits, rights and obligations. No covenant can be successfully formed and kept that does not provide for a constitution or other legal structure institutionalizing the norms and political processes (or government), by which decisions regarding the relationships between the parties to the covenant will be made and implemented.
In addition to formal written promises officially recognized by governments, compacts and covenants can also originate from systems of local community customs and unwritten agreements. Indeed, as a general rule, the more localized a system is, the less formally regulated is the system of water governance (see Case 5.6).
Case 5.6 Water governance by covenant in the community of Pijal, Ecuador41
The northern Ecuadorian indigenous community of Pijal, population 1,138, is organized communally and has an unofficial system of local governance that includes elements of parliamentary, judiciary and administrative branches. The community assembly (Asamblea de la Comunidad) is a parliamentary body with the highest level of decision making power and includes all members of the community government. Under the Asamblea is the Cabildo (a combined administrative-judicial branch), beneath which sits the powerful Juntas de Agua (Water Board), composed of the most honest citizens in Pijal. The Juntas de Agua convenes mandatory work parties of community members when needed to perform maintenance on canals and ditches in the area, and imposes fines or sanctions on members who do not participate.
Tensions over water in the community have risen in recent years due to the growing problem of drought in the area, and year-round reductions in water flow occurring simultaneously with a growing population. In order to control theft of water (i.e., taking more than the amount allotted each family for US$ 0.50 a month), the community has instituted a graduated system of penalties, which includes fines for one-time offenders and temporary or permanent suspensions of water access for repeat offenders. The Asamblea hears and adjudicates water access conflicts between members of a single community. In the case of conflicts between members of different communities, representatives of those communities who understand the problem are convened and allowed to propose solutions to the issue, which is decided by a vote. The system is not recognized by the Ecuadorian government, but community members maintain that Pijal's water governance mechanisms are accepted by the community, as the underlying concepts and values are understood by all, and punishments determined by the Asamblea General reflect this understanding.
The basis for agreement of covenants is negotiation. A negotiation requires a process in which the parties involved come together to bargain and trade off within their positions aiming to reach an agreement over a disputed or potentially disputed matter. As demonstrated in the IUCN toolkit NEGOTIATE, facilitated processes of negotiation can help to build consensus among parties. Negotiation is thus a means to an end, but in order to be fruitful, the parties involved must be autonomous, while recognizing that there are commonly imbalances in power among parties. Such imbalances can lead to manipulation of processes in favour of the stronger parties. Thus, capacity to negotiate as equal partners must be addressed particularly when civil society actors negotiate with stronger traditional players such as the government or the private sector.
"MONITORING AND INFORMATION MECHANISMS MUST BE COORDINATED BETWEEN NATIONAL AND RIVER-BASIN LEVELS"
Monitoring and information management mechanisms are essential tools for enforcement, as mentioned earlier in Chapter 3 on law and Chapter 4 on institutions. The extent to which this data is made publicly available may support compliance greatly by helping water users who are subject to the law's requirements verify that they are meeting their obligations and to understand the implications if they fail.
What should be monitored?
Physical parameters such as water quality, aquatic biodiversity and habitat must have a baseline established. Ongoing assessment must then be made using the same measurement to deter-mine if they are improving or deteriorating.
Health variables such as access to safe drinking water and sanitation, and incidence of water-borne diseases.
Economic variables such as costs to the government and consumers of providing water, sewer-age and hydropower.
Progress towards goals set in five-year plans or any other government water programmes. These might include the number of water user groups formed, number of additional homes served by sewerage, or agreements reached by various partners.
Compliance with pollution regulations such as discharge limits or fertilizer use near waterways.
Effectiveness of enforcement efforts in terms of fees collected, court cases won, or compliance negotiated.
Monitoring and information mechanisms must be coordinated between national and river basin levels. Given the highly technical nature of monitoring, the results should be expressed in terms that are understandable to lay people.
The costs of monitoring can be high as they are not limited to the installation, operation and maintenance of the necessary infrastructure to support monitoring mechanisms but also extend to training and administration.
"THE COSTS OF MONITORING CAN BE HIGH"
Compliance refers to the conformity of society to the obligations agreed to in water arrangements. When the parties involved are willing to meet their obligations, enforcement is not such an issue.
Enforcement, which is necessary when voluntary compliance fails, fosters security amongst stakeholders because each party knows that if the other party does not abide by the agreement, there are specific mechanisms to force compliance. The State may use police action to assure compliance with a specific law or act.
The incorporation of appropriate regulatory mechanisms to support compliance is accomplished in part by clearly and concisely defining the rights and obligations of all water users (public and private) as well as the State. As discussed in Chapter 3, this may be achieved through the creation of a system that secures 'property rights' to use water. Firm rights can also be established through permit or licensing systems, judicial procedures or customary practices. Clear rights and obligations may also arise indirectly under other legislation with implications for water resources, such as in the case of the Endangered Species Act in the United States.
"ENFORCEMENT, WHICH IS NECESSARY WHEN VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE FAILS, FOSTERS SECURITY AMONGST STAKEHOLDERS"
The objective of incorporating appropriate compliance mechanisms in a water law is greatly enhanced by measures that ensure a high level of public participation prior to administrative decision making, as well as the right to be heard after decisions have been taken by the authorities. Compliance is also strengthened by incorporating transitional arrangements in legislation that provide opportunities for civil society to arrange their affairs before a new law takes full effect. Such arrangements are often overlooked, however, in the introduction of a new water law regime.
Case 5.7 India's 1974 Water Pollution Act:


text: Create a change request template You can create a template that can be used to create change requests with pre-defined supporting tasks. Templates simplify the process of submitting new records by populating fields automatically. Before you beginThe administrator must configure the form layout to add these fields: Next Related Template, Next Related Child Template, Link element.Role required: admin About this taskThere are two change request template configuration items. Change_request: This object does not have a link element, because it is at root level. Change_task: This task object is one level below root level, so it uses the parent table as a link element. Procedure Navigate to System Definition > Templates. Click New. Complete the form as described in Create a template using the template form. Complete the remaining fields, as appropriate. Field Description Next Related Template A template at the same hierarchical level as the current template (sibling).Use this field on a child template to specify an extra child template under the same parent template. For example, you can use child templates to create multiple change tasks for a change request template and specify sibling child templates.This field is not supported on top-level templates. Next Related Child Template A template at the hierarchical level below the current template (child).You can assign a child template to a child template. Link element Specifies a link to a record created from a child template to the record created from the parent template.The template script chooses the first valid reference field that can link to the parent record when this field is left blank. Click Submit.


text:
Hi, I'm Miguel Yarte, about 6 months ago my mother began to buy only spicy salsa because my whole family liked it, everyone but me. We're Mexican, so stereotypically we like spicy salsa and nothing is spicy to us but, these salsas really are spicy for me. In a class I have we are making a product and I decided to make something I needed (spicy but not so spicy salsa). I realized that things don't happen if you wait for them to happen, you have to make them happen.
2 green tomatoes
2 chile jalapeños
1 garlic clove
Add a Teacher Note to share how you incorporated it into your lesson.
Step 1: Spicy But Not So Spicy Salsa
The first step of making this really tasty salsa is to count your vedgetables and see if you have the correct ammount (2 green tomatoes, 2 chile jalapeños, 1 onion and 1 garlic clove) and also to grab your pot.
Step 2: Step 2:
The second step you have to do is fill your pot with 350 ml, depending on the size of your vegetables.
Step 3: Step 3:
Next thing you have to is put your vegetables into the water and see if the 350 ml covers all the vegetables and leave a little bit of the tomato uncovered. If 350 ml doesn't cover almost all the tomato then put more water into the pot until the tomato is almost fully covered. When you have the correct amount, start to boil your water and vegetables and leave it boiling 17 minutes.
After this, get your molcajete and put your vegetables inside the molcajete.
After that, you will need to grab the part of the molcajete that mashes the vegetables and starts mashing them with a circular motion. You may be wondering what about the skins of the vegetables? All you have to do, is mash them with a lot of effort and they will turn into salsa. Smash until it looks like the second photo, however, grab the spoon and check if its pure salsa or if it still has chunks of vegetables, if it still has chunks, keep mashing.
Then grab 1/2 of a spoonful and put it into the salsa, then with the same spoon, mix it so there is more flavor.
After this you are done with your salsa, grab some totopos and enjoy!
Participated in the


text:
[Nos. 17-32] Universal Joints, Out of Line Drives, Eccentrics
William M Clark
38.7cm x 38.7cm
Cast aluminum and wood (painted) on a vertical panel.
For educational use only. All rights reserved by the contributor(s) and publisher(s).
double-slider, eccentric, higher pair
An eccentric is a revolving disk having the point, on which it revolves, off the center of the disk. The eccentric is the driving force and works in an elongated yoke. This does away with the oscillating motion caused by disks which work in circular guides as in No. 23.
[Virginia Downward & William M. Clark, 1930]
[Editorís Note: This eccentric is similar to the Scotch Yoke [Model 21] except that the rectangular slider is replaced by an off-center cylinder. In Reuleaux's theory of kinematic mechanisms, the area-contact rectangular slider is called a 'lower pair' while the line contact of the cylinder against the vertical track is called a 'higher' pair. Higher pair mechanisms have fewer parts but more wear and noise. This mechanism is sometimes called a 'double-slider crank because of the sliding motion in both the vertical and horizontal directions. This model is similar to a sketch in the 1868 catalog of mechanical movements by Henry T. Brown, Figure 90. FCM]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


This is a simple circuit that adds a safe serial data output to the Kill A Watt. It uses the same protocol as the Tweet-a-Watt, so the same software can be used.
Voltage and current are read by a Microchip PIC12F615 using it's internal 10 bit ADC. There are 18 samples taken at a 984 microsecond interval. That is approximately 17 samples per 60 Hz cycle. The Tweet-a-Watt takes one sample per 1000 microseconds. The serial transmission is paced at one character per 60 Hz cycle to reduce the load on the Kill A Watt power supply. Average current draw is less than one milliamp.
Source Code
Componets soldered to an 18 pin DIP socket.
Connection points for voltage and amperage measurement.
Connection points for power.
Installation inside the Kill A Watt.


How do you wash an old knitted blanket?
Can you wash a knitted blanket?
Knitted and crocheted blankets often need to be washed by hand. Washing a knitted or crocheted blanket is sometimes a simple matter of tossing it in the washing machine and then allowing it to air dry. Other times, you need to hand wash the item.
How do you wash a large knitted blanket?
Here's what to do:
 1. soak your blanket in cold water mixed with wool wash for approximately 30 minutes. …
 2. if it's required by your wool wash, rinse.
 3. drain the water from your blanket or scarf by gently lifting it and letting the water run out of it. …
 4. spread out some towels and lie your chunky blanket or scarf flat on it.
How do you wash a wool knit blanket?
Regular wool must be washed by hand in cold water to avoid felting and shrinking. Superwash wool can be handor machine-washed on the gentle cycle in cold water. Cotton, linen, and ramie yarn can be washed in the washing machine on a gentle cycle using either cold or warm water.
IT IS INTERESTING: Is it cheaper to buy curtains or make curtains?
Can you wash a wool blanket in the washing machine?
Wash Heavily Soiled Wool Blankets by Placing Them in the Washer with Cold Water and a Wool-Safe Detergent. Place blankets in the washing machine and allow them to soak for 15 minutes in the detergent-and-water mixture. Set the washer to the gentle cycle and let it run for two minutes. … Allow the rinse cycle to complete.
How do you dry a knitted blanket?
Other yarns, such as cotton, linen, and acrylic, can be machine-washed in cold water on the gentle cycle.
How to Wash Hand-Knit Clothes and Blankets
Detergent Gentle or wool wash
Water Temperature Cold
Cycle Type Do not machine-wash
Drying Cycle Type Do not machine-dry
How do you wash blankets in the washing machine?
Cleaning Steps:
 1. Pour the appropriate amount of laundry detergent into the washing machine for your blanket load.
 2. Place the blanket in the washing machine.
 3. Wash on the gentle cycle using cold water.
 4. During the rinse cycle, add the appropriate amount of liquid fabric softener.
 5. Hang the blanket and allow it to air-dry.
How often should blankets be washed?
Blankets will need to be washed depending on how they are used. Blankets that see a lot of direct use and skin contact should be washed every two weeks. Blankets that do not can be washed every few months.
Why is my blanket shedding after washing?
The excess fabric softener residue can cause the blanket to shed more. If little balls have developed on your blanket, that is what is known as pilling. Use a fabric shaver to remove them. … Toss an old garment made of one of these fabrics into the dryer with the shedding blanket.
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: Where is the lot number on Bernat yarn?
How do you care for a knitted blanket?
If you're washing a knitted blanket made of plant fibre yarn such as cotton or linen, it's best to wash it in cold water and on a gentle cycle. In contrast, synthetic fibres such as acrylic can be washed as normal with your other items. Tumble-dry your knitted blanket.
Can wool blankets be washed and dried?
The General Rule for all pure wool blankets is to always wash in cold water and gently wring or roll. … Cold water and gentle washing will help retain the fiber and preserve condition if properly followed. Drying. Air Drying will provide the best results.
Will my wool blanket stop shedding?
No lukewarm or warm water; – WOOL(EN) option on washing machine must be selected; … – Washing your blanket will stop shedding and pilling.
Can I put my wool blanket in the dryer?
To dry wool blankets, it is best to hang them flat over a clothes line outside to support the weight of the wet blanket. … Avoid putting wool blankets in the dryer, as it can destroy the softness and shape of the wool blanket.
What happens if you wash wool in the washing machine?
What is the best detergent for wool?
IT IS INTERESTING: What is another name for stitch?
Are old wool blankets worth anything?
Wool blankets might have a high price tag, even at a thrift store if they are considered collectible. Hudson Bay blankets with their heavy fulled character and stripes are usually at the high end, along with Pendleton blankets.


a hand holding a guitar
NEB Recommends Approval of the Trans Mountain Expansion Project
On February 22, 2019, the National Energy Board ("NEB" or the "Board") released its reconsideration report (the "Reconsideration") on the Trans Mountain Expansion Project (the "Project"). The Reconsideration follows the August 2018 Federal Court of Appeal decision that set aside the NEB's previous approval of the Project and the federal government's subsequent direction for the NEB to reconsider the Project to take into account Project-related marine shipping. In its lengthy report, the Board recommends the approval of the Project subject to the 156 conditions that it had proposed in its previous recommendation and 16 new recommendations that are aimed at mitigating the environmental impacts of marine shipping that are beyond the scope of the Board's regulatory authority. This recommendation flows from the Board's finding that the Project is in the Canadian public interest and is required by present and future public convenience and necessity. The NEB's decision is timely as it sends a signal for potential relief of the oil and gas industry's pipeline bottleneck days following the Alberta government's announcement of a deal to market crude by rail.
The Decision
In the Reconsideration, the Board makes three key findings with respect to the Project's environmental effects. First, the Project-related marine shipping is likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects on the Southern resident killer whale population and on Indigenous cultural use associated with same. Second, the marine shipping is likely to result in significant increases of greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, while unlikely to occur, the environmental effects from a worst-case spill would be significant. Ultimately, the Board concludes that the potential adverse effects can be justified in light of the Project's considerable benefits and the availability of mitigation measures.
Following the guidance from the Federal Court of Appeal, the Board's 16 new recommendations identify measures that fall within the federal government's jurisdiction notwithstanding that (1) the Board does not have authority to regulate marine shipping and (2) Trans Mountain may not have control over the implementation of the proposed measures. The Board's regulatory mandate remains limited to the requirements of the 156 conditions, while the Governor-in-Council has the requisite authority and flexibility to adopt the Board's recommended mitigation measures in any number of ways. Read the 16 recommendations at the end of this post.
The release of the Reconsideration starts the 90-day clock for the federal government to make its final decision for the Project.
The Board's approval of the Project is welcome news to the oil and gas industry and an important step toward the resolution of Canada's pipeline bottleneck and low oil price. At the provincial level, Alberta has adopted measures aimed at addressing the oil price slump, including the mandatory curtailment of crude oil production and the recently announced crude-by-rail deal. However, production cuts and alternative options to bring Alberta's oil to the market are intended to be only temporary solutions. Successful development of pipelines remains the most effective option of marketing Canadian crude oil. The Reconsideration illustrates how the NEB may make recommendations for matters outside its regulatory authority in discharging its public interest mandate. Further, the Reconsideration provides a precedent for how the NEB may address environmental impacts in future projects. The NEB's positive recommendation for the Project is a significant development for the oil and gas industry as it continues to navigate a complex regulatory environment.
BLG will continue to monitor this and other regulatory developments on the front burner and provide updates.
The Board's Recommendations
The NEB's recommendations include various measures aimed at monitoring and reporting on environmental impacts, and encouraging continuous engagement with Indigenous peoples. The 16 recommendations are summarized as follows:
 1. Develop a plan to assess the cumulative effects on the Salish Sea and a long-term strategy to manage these effects;
 2. Release an annual public report of the progress of measures to address the cumulative effects on the Salish Sea;
 3. Develop a marine bird monitoring and protection program;
 4. Expedite the completion of the feasibility study for establishing a Southern Strait of Georgia National Marine Conservation Area Reserve and establish it if considered feasible;
 5. Develop an offset program for increased underwater noise and increased strike risk posed to marine mammal and fish species listed in the Species at Risk Act;
 6. Consider the specific measures related to marine vessel usage and design;
 7. Update federal marine shipping oil spill response requirements;
 8. Develop a regulatory framework for mandatory enhanced tug escort in the Salish Sea for Project-related tankers;
 9. Consider the need for a Canada/United States Transboundary Vessel Traffic Risk Assessment;
 10. Support greenhouse gas reduction measures related to marine shipping;
 11. Facilitate opportunities to engage the Indigenous Advisory and Monitoring Committee on the marine safety system;
 12. Continue engagement activities targeting coastal Indigenous communities, recreational boaters, fishing vessel operators, and small vessel operators with respect to navigation safety and prevention of collision with large vessels;
 13. Combine current initiatives and investigate new paths for the delivery of government grants to promote innovation in new oil recovery technologies;
 14. Accelerate the development of the Enhanced Maritime Situational Awareness initiative and the extension of the Automatic Identification System to smaller passenger vessels;
 15. Review the federal marine oil spill compensatory framework to compensate for non-use values for Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities; and
 16. Develop a formal complaint resolution program to facilitate discussions on port-related impacts and resolve complaints relating marine vessels anchored at anchorages managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
1990s Portal
The 1990s, also known as "the Nineteen Nineties" or abbreviated as "the Nineties" or "the '90s", was the decade that started on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999. It was the tenth and final decade of the 20th century and the last full decade of the 2nd millennium.
The '90s is often considered the true dawn of the Information Age. Though info-age technologies predate the 1980s, it was not until the late 1980s and the 1990s that they became widely used by the general public. A combination of factors, including the mass mobilization of capital markets through neoliberalism, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world, and within countries.
The 1990s is often considered the end of Modernity and the dawn of the Postmodern age, even though the first traces of postmodernity takes place as far back as the 1940s,[1] however, some contemporary theory has proposed that the 1990's actually marked the end of this era, having peaked during the 1980's. The economies and living standards of some countries such as South Korea and Ireland improved to such an extent that they were considered First World nations by the decade's end.
Selected article
William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet is a 1996 film adaptation of William Shakespeare's romantic tragedy of the same name. It was directed by Baz Luhrmann and stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in the leading roles.
Selected picture
In this month
Did you know...
Selected biography
Select [+] to view subcategories
Selected quote
Recognized content
Things you can do
 - Add this portal to all 1990s related articles!!!
 - Finish the portal
Related portals
Associated Wikimedia
1990s on Wikinews 1990s on Wikiquote 1990s on Wikibooks 1990s on Wikisource 1990s on Wiktionary 1990s on Wikiversity 1990s on Wikimedia Commons
News Quotations Manuals & Texts Texts Definitions Learning resources Images & Media


Candles In The Victorian Age: Looking Back To Look Forward
As an extension of our recent guide to scented candle manufacturing, we thought we'd dig a little deeper into the rich history of candle making and provide a comprehensive overview of candle use in the Victorian era. With candle manufacturing becoming an increasingly competitive and profitable industry, we feel studying the past is the best way to pave new and innovative paths forward.
Whether it's candles or taking reed diffuser systems to their next level, there's always something to learn when stepping forward by first looking back. In the words of Machiavelli, "Whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past", and as one of the leading manufacturers of fragrances for scented candles and reed diffusers, we take every step to provide every competitive edge for our clients, suppliers and distributors.
The Use of Candles in the Victorian Age
Candles were a necessity of Victorian daily life as there was no electric lighting until a few decades later at the dawn of the 20th century. Candlelight was used for most ordinary activities throughout the era, from dining and playing cards to cooking. The popularity of all kinds of candles is evidenced by the wealth of antique votives; sconces; candleholders; snuffers and candle-a-bras that are still found today in finer antique shops and fairs. Some favorite scents were delicate, understated and totally feminine such as violet, lavender, jasmine roses and honeysuckle. Scented candles were often used in funeral ceremonies, as along with flowers, they masked any unpleasant odors that might have lingered in a room where a "wake' was in progress.
Victorian Social Mores
Steeped in a world of rigid etiquette and stringent propriety that today seems ludicrous even by the most conservative standards, Victorians lived in a colorful but tormented cosmos marked by strict decorum, smoky parlors, ornate flourishes, calling cards, whalebone corsets and repressed sexuality. Unmarried lovers were forced to love in secret shadows, communicating via furtive glances and messages hidden in gloves, stationery, fans, parasols and flowers.
Scents Relayed Those Feelings That Could Not Be Spoken Out Loud
Sexual affairs were shameful and clandestine, lustful thoughts forbidden (only for unmarried women) and the discussion of natural sexual desire considered impolite, unspeakable and repugnant. Scents of all kinds were used to allure the opposite sex, but they still kept things at a distance because they were never applied directly to the skin. These fragrances were often incorporated into the accessories of the day, such as: handkerchiefs, parasols, fans, gloves, clothing and cosmetic products like hair pomade or lip salve.
Messages of love were discrete and often secret
The manner in which women positioned their fans in public places indicated whether or not an admirer's advances were welcome. Supposedly, they had a secret language all their own, as did handkerchiefs, gloves and parasols, which also communicated messages to any Victorian gentleman seeking to approach a lady. It is unclear how a young Victorian man could possibly learn how to decode all of these secret messages. Floriography, the language of flowers, denoted differing sentiments of interest, affection, passion and love when delivered to a lady's parlor enclosed with a calling card.
Candles were costly and available only to Victorian upper classes
Every upper class Victorian household used candles and their accessories. Those with elegant homes with drawing and dining rooms used candelabra placed in front of long and tall glass mirrors. Sconces decorated walls, and oil lamps were usually on tables as were candlesticks. Gasolier chandeliers hung from ornately decorated ceilings. There were a variety of candles used during this period. Some had shades; others were frilled or tasseled and still others were either plain or made of paper.
Candles soon gave way to the more practical use of electrical lighting
Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years from 1837 to 1901. During that time span many technological advancements transformed the average English household. These included: flushing toilets, plumbed-in baths and showers, regular postal deliveries and towards the end, light fittings capable of illuminating entire rooms at the same time.
At the onset of the Victorian period, however, candles and oil lamps provided the lighting in most homes. Interiors were often fitted with chandeliers suspended from the ceiling and sconces fixed to the wall, but these were mostly used on special occasions. After dark, typical light sources were the light of a fire and portable sources such as candles, candelabras and oil lamps. By the end of the era, gas lighting illuminated many urban homes and electricity was slowly being introduced into many.
Candle-making in the 19th century
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution and breakthroughs in science and technology, many 19th century developments impacted the candle making industry, making them affordable to the lower echelons of English society. In the 1820s, Michel Eugene Chevreux discovered a method to extract stearic acid from animal fatty acids. This led to the creation of a new stearin wax, which was very durable and burned cleaner than any ever used before. To this day, stearin candles are made and sold throughout Europe.
In 1834, a new machine was invented that transformed candles from costly commodities to products now available to everyone. Joseph Morgan of Manchester, England, mechanized the production of candles with his Candle Mould Maker, which was a machine cylinder with movable piston machine that allowed for the continuous production of molded candles.
Paraffin wax was an added boon to candle production
Patented in 1850, paraffin wax was created after chemists in Battersea, UK, discovered how to efficiently separate this natural byproduct of petroleum and refine it. Odorless and bluish-white in color, it is created when crude oil is refined into gasoline. Paraffin greatly improved the candle-making process for a number of reasons. It burned cleanly and was the most economical of all the other candle fuels of the day.
The one disadvantage associated with the use of paraffin was that it had a low melting point. This was easily overcome with the addition of the more durable stearic acid, which was widely available. Paraffin wax enjoyed a heyday but began to decline after 1879 with Thomas Edison's invention of the ubiquitous light bulb.
Victorians celebrated Christmas with candles
The custom of using candles for Christmas was first noted in 1848 when the Illustrated London News published a drawing of the royal family celebrating the holidays surrounded by a Christmas tree adorned with candles, sweets, fruit, homemade decorations and small gifts. It was also customary to place lighted candles in windows as a sign that anyone passing by was welcome to enter for food and shelter. Also, tradesmen often gave their loyal customers candles as holiday gifts.
What kind of candles did the Victorians use?
In the earlier years of the Victorian era, three types of candles were popular: tallow, spermaceti and beeswax. The cheapest of the three were the tallow, which were made from animal fat. They smelled badly and burned with a smoky flame, which little by little, produced less and less light. Spermaceti wax was the most durable of the three varieties and was the least likely to soften during the warmer months of the year. Beeswax candles were used in everyday Victorian life, but making them was extremely tedious and time-consuming.
Improvements in wicks, particularly plaited wicks, curled out the flame as it burnt, eliminating the need for constant trimming, which earlier candles demanded. By the end of the 19th century paraffin wax supplanted in popularity the other three candle varieties.
Candles as fire hazards in Victorian times
The exposed flame of any candle can be dangerous, and Victorians were fearful of fire. They were well aware of the precautions they needed to take, such as keeping candles always far away from the reach of children, preferably on a high mantle-piece. Candle guards or shields helped to reduce accidents, as the candle sat in the guard, which was filled with water. If the candle burned down, it would be quickly extinguished even if no one noticed it.
Today's dependency on artificial light could never have been envisioned in the minds of the average Victorian. In this era before electricity, people were accustomed to moving around their homes after darkness fell, relying on the light from the fire, candles and their sense of touch. By 1901 when Queen Victoria died, electric lighting was still in its infancy. In cities and larger towns and villages, gas lighting supplemented by candles and oil lamps was commonplace. In rural areas, however, candles and oil lamps were the exclusive sources of light.
In Conclusion
Candles have come a long way and their rich and colorful history down through the centuries shines a light all its own, both on past trends in scented candle manufacturing and future — in fact, if you look closely you can see whiffs of inspiration in our vast repertoire of fragrances. And if you're a distributor, supplier or an entrepreneur looking to enter the candle manufacturing industry, speak with our team today.
Final thoughts about the Victorian Age: There are two ways of spreading light: To be the candle or the mirror that reflects it. ~ Edith Wharton
You May Also Be Interested In


text:
Journey to Recovery: Sobriety Medallions Explained in Detail
Table of Contents:
- Understanding the Significance of AA Sobriety Chips
- The History and Evolution of AA Sobriety Chips
- Decoding the Symbolism of AA Chip Colors
- Notable Personalities Who Have Embraced AA Programs
- How to Obtain Your Own Sobriety Tokens
- The Impact of Sobriety Tokens on the Recovery Journey
- Variations Across Different Groups
- FAQs in Relation to Sobriety Medallions
Understanding the Significance of AA Sobriety Chips
Traversing the path to abstinence is an arduous task, yet it holds numerous triumphs worthy of recognition. In Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), these victories are acknowledged with something tangible – an AA chip or sobriety chip.
This tradition has become integral within many AA groups, providing encouragement and support for members during their recovery process.
Celebrating Successful Sobriety Milestones with Chips
Sobriety chips do more than just recognize personal achievements; they represent collective success stories within the community. Each color-coded token signifies different periods that individuals have remained sober – from 24 hours up until multiple years without consuming alcohol.
- Achieving 24-hour abstinence is celebrated by receiving a white chip
- 30 days of being clean comes with a red plastic medallion
- If you've stayed on track for six months, you get awarded a blue aluminum coin
Fostering Community through Chip Nights and Medallion Nights
Beyond individual recognition, there's another layer to this tradition: group celebrations known as "chip nights" or "medallion nights." These special events allow new tokens to be distributed among those who've reached fresh stages in their path towards staying sober.
The History and Evolution of AA Sobriety Chips
AA sobriety chips find their origins in the Oxford Group, a Christian organization that was active during the early 20th century. This group had a practice of acknowledging recovery milestones with physical tokens.
Father Mathew's Temperance Movement furthered this tradition by using medallions as symbols to signify commitment towards abstinence from alcohol. These tokens were seen as tangible reminders for individuals who felt tempted to consume alcohol again.
The Role of Sister Mary Ignatia
Sister Mary Ignatia is credited with popularizing the use of sobriety chips within Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) groups while she worked at St. Thomas Hospital. She saw firsthand how these small yet powerful objects could aid those battling addiction on their path towards an alcohol-free life. More about Sister Mary Ignatia
In her role, she would gift Sacred Heart Medals to patients after they pledged abstention from drinking – similar to modern-day AA chips – acting as constant reminders for those committed towards leading an alcohol-free life.
This method eventually became an integral part of AA culture, evolving into what we know today as 'chip nights'. During such events, members are awarded differently colored coins or 'chips' based on specific lengths of continuous sobriety – ranging anywhere from 24 hours up to multiple years.
The importance attached to receiving one's first chip cannot be understated. It marks not just progress but also serves as a testament to having taken a crucial step away from addiction itself.
Conceptually stemming from religious origins, these practices have since found firm footing within secular realms too, thanks largely to the efforts made by pioneers like Sister Mary Ignatia herself, whose tireless endeavors helped lay the foundation upon which contemporary AA culture rests today.
Understanding the symbolism associated with the various color codes used across different stages can prove immensely helpful indeed. So let's move forward and explore more about what each one represents in the next section.
Decoding the Symbolism of AA Chip Colors
In the realm of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), a system exists where colored chips are used as physical markers for sobriety milestones. The hues and tones chosen for these AA chip colors each carry their own unique symbolism, representing significant steps in an individual's journey to recovery.
The Red Chip: A Beacon on Day One
A newcomer embarking on this path will first encounter the bold color red. This red chip, typically awarded after one successfully navigates through 24 hours without alcohol consumption, is more than just a token; it symbolizes bravery and determination.
This vibrant emblem serves as recognition that despite challenges faced or yet to come, you have taken decisive action towards change – making your very first day spent sober count.
Bronze Chips: Commemorating Sobriety Anniversaries
Moving along our chromatic timeline brings us face-to-face with bronze – reserved exclusively for celebrating twelve consecutive months spent sober. These coveted bronze chips speak volumes about persistence and resilience over time.
Such achievements require unwavering commitment which makes them worthy causes for celebration among fellow members across AA communities worldwide.
These tokens become cherished keepsakes reflecting personal victories against addiction – constant reminders of how far they've traveled since earning their inaugural red coin.
In shedding light upon what different colored coins represent within circles akin to Alcoholics Anonymous, we've uncovered some fascinating insights into how such groups acknowledge progress made by its participants. Let's now shift gears towards exploring notable personalities who found success via similar programs.
Notable Personalities Who Have Embraced AA Programs
The journey towards sobriety is not exclusive to any social class or profession. Many well-known personalities have candidly shared their personal experiences with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), shedding light on the universal struggle against addiction.
Consider Robert Downey Jr., a celebrated thespian renowned for his roles in Iron Man and Sherlock Holmes, among others, who has famously fought with addiction. His battle with substance abuse led him to seek help through AA's 12-step program, a decision that has been instrumental in maintaining his long-term sobriety.
Drew Barrymore: From Child Star To Sobriety Advocate
Acknowledged globally as an acclaimed actress and producer, Drew Barrymore's life was not always glitz and glamour. Having struggled with drug and alcohol addiction from her early years in Hollywood, she found solace within the supportive community provided by regular AA meetings.
This support system played a significant role in her recovery process, providing understanding peers who could empathize due to their own struggles, an aspect crucial for those seeking sustained abstinence.
Russell Brand's Dedication Towards Recovery Support Groups
Russell Brand, the British comedian turned author, is another notable personality open about his past addictions which led him into various support groups including Alcoholics Anonymous.
In fact, he even authored "Recovery: Freedom From Our Addictions," where he discusses at length about how professional assistance can make all the difference when it comes to dealing effectively with these issues while also sharing insights gained throughout this lifelong commitment called recovery.
Macklemore's Journey Through Music And Sobriety
An inspiring example in the music industry is Macklemore, whose real name is Ben Haggerty. He used art as a form of therapy during his fight against opioid dependence, alongside attending regular sessions held by organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous. In songs such as "Starting Over," listeners gain insight into what it feels like navigating the post-rehabilitation world and striving to prevent relapse from occurring again – making it clear that no matter how high the climb is professionally or personally, there will be hurdles along the way.
How to Obtain Your Own Sobriety Tokens
Sobriety tokens, also known as AA chips, serve a crucial role in the recovery journey. These tangible symbols of progress are milestones on your path towards an alcohol-free life.
The process begins with joining an Alcoholics Anonymous program. Regular attendance at these meetings is where you'll find shared experiences and mutual support that fuels each step forward in sobriety.
Your First Chip: The Red Token
Achieving 24 hours without consuming alcohol earns you your first token – the red chip. This small piece represents more than just one day; it's symbolic of taking control over addiction and stepping into recovery.
This initial achievement isn't merely for celebration but serves as motivation too. It signifies strength and resilience – if one sober day can be achieved, so can many more.
Treatment Programs & Milestone Chips
In most cases, individuals seeking help start their journey through treatment programs. Whether detoxification centers or outpatient services suit best depends on individual needs. Participation in group therapy sessions like those offered by AA often forms part of treatment plans. Here, members receive milestone chips marking specific periods free from drinking. Research suggests this recognition plays a key role in motivating people throughout their road to recovery.
Beyond this initial red chip earned after twenty-four hours sober, there exist numerous other colored chips representing different timeframes spent abstinent from alcohol consumption. These include silver coins celebrating thirty days clean, up until gold medallions symbolizing multiple years substance-free. The bronze medallion marks perhaps the most important milestone, achieving twelve consecutive months free from substance abuse, signifying substantial commitment and dedication to maintaining sobriety over time.
Celebrate Every Milestone
- You earn a silver coin when you celebrate being clean for 30 days.
- A three-month emerald green coin signals another significant leap forward.
- Six months gives rise to dark blue coins.
- Nine months brings purple coins.
- Finally, receiving that coveted bronze medallion
The Impact of Sobriety Tokens on the Recovery Journey
Sobriety tokens, small but potent symbols in the recovery journey, serve as a lighthouse guiding individuals striving to maintain sobriety. These physical reminders not only mark time spent sober but also embody personal resilience and determination.
Within the AA culture, these chips or medallions are more than mere objects; they carry deep significance for each recipient. They represent both individual achievement and collective support within an Alcoholics Anonymous group.
Fueling Motivation with Sobriety Tokens


text:
The key factors that a Currency investor needs to consider when conducting a fundamental evaluation of a country's economy surround that land's GDP, employment degree, switch balance and a large amount present budget. The results of a fundamental analysis could affect a investor's course of action in a number of methods. For example, a investor may operate fundamental review to determine or predict the direction and extent to which a recorded state's official appeal to degree may turn. Based on this assessment, the financier may sell the nation's foreign exchange (if he/she predicts interest rates will fall), or procure the nation's currency (if he/she predicts interest rates will rise). Indeed, immense investors may figure out this process a step extra by seeking to effortlessly making use of the quality of a state's currency. For example, such investors could fund industrial growth in a land (when that state's currency is weak) and subsequently sell back that state's fx trading at a higher pace (when the foreign exchange is strong).
Triple Threat FX Blogroll
In an whole meaning, if a Foreign exchange investor understands how to carry out a fundamental financial conclusion, he or she will be in a a heavy amount of enhanced situation to know when to exit an "over inflated" economy previous its fiscal "bubble" bursts.


text:
Emu Physical Description
Firstly, an adult Emu reaches an average height of about 4.3 ft (1.3 m) at the shoulder. In addition, its extremely long neck further adds to its already quite impressive height. This often gives it a total height of as much as 6.2 ft (1.9 m).
Displaying a mild degree of sexual dimorphism, males of this animal grow slightly larger than females. A male of the species averages 81 lb (37 kg) in weight. Exceptional individuals sometimes weigh as much as 132 lb (60 kg).
Further, the wings are vestigial and possess a claw at the tip. Meanwhile, the claws on the toes may be as long as 6 in (15 cm). Given the strength of the legs, these form an extremely dangerous weapon for defense.
Finally, both the hearing and eyesight also remain exceptional, even compared to related species. Meanwhile, the bill stays short and soft. However, in stark contrast, the toes and claws are hard, and total a length of about 6 in (15 cm).
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Aves
- Order: Casuariformes
- Family: Casuaridae
- Genus: Doramaius
- Species: D. novaeholiandiae
Emu Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology
First of all, the incredible Emu evolved as solely endemic to a particular swathe of Australia. But it frequently inhabits a wide variety of habitat types. These include savannas, and regions of moderately thin forest.
Additionally, the powerful bird typically forages for food by day. Being omnivorous, it eats both various plants and insects. Insect prey includes grasshoppers, crickets, and ants. It will also feed upon crops if it can reach them.
The rather amazing large bird also commonly swallows small stones to aid in the digestion of the food. Individuals also drink infrequently but generally drink large amounts when they do drink. This occurs due to the occurrence of unpredictable dry spells.
Furthermore, the Emu typically breeds in May or June, and in this species, it is the female that pursues the male. Breeding pairs remain together for approximately 5 months. Finally, eggs are quite large, weighing as much as 2 lb (0.45 kg).


text:
Skip to Main Content
This paper presents the development toward a dancing robot that can listen to and dance along with musical performances. One of the key components of this robot is the ability to modify its dance motions with varying tempos, without exceeding motor limitations, in the same way that human dancers modify their motions. In this paper, we first observe human performances with varying musical tempos of the same musical piece, and then analyze human modification strategies. The analysis is conducted in terms of three body components: lower, middle, and upper bodies. We assume that these body components have different purposes and different modification strategies, respectively, for the performance of a dance. For all of the motions of these three components, we have found that certain fixed postures, which we call keyposes, tend to be preserved. Thus, this paper presents a method to create motions for robots at a certain music tempo, from human motion at an original music tempo, by using these keyposes. We have implemented these algorithms as an automatic process and validated their effectiveness by using a physical humanoid robot HRP-2. This robot succeeded in performing the Aizu-bandaisan dance, one of the Japanese traditional folk dances, 1.2 and 1.5 times faster than the tempo originally learned, while maintaining its physical constraints. Although we are not achieving a dancing robot which autonomously interacts with varying music tempos, we think that our method has a vital role in the dancing-to-music capability.


text:
Psychoacoustics is the study of the relationship between physical sounds and the brain's interpretation of them. Until recently, psychoacoustics has devoted more attention to the behaviour of the peripheral auditory system than to the details of cognitive processing.
The discipline is a branch of psychophysics in that it is interested in the relation between sensory input stimuli and the behavioural or psychological response that they provoke. Because of individual variations in observed responses, statistical results are most often achieved.
Some of the traditional psychoacoustic concerns involve the perception of pitch, loudness, volume and timbre. Contemporary work involves higher level concepts such as auditory percepts, streaming, and auditory scene analysis. (Source: Barry Truax - Handbook for Acoustic Ecology CD-ROM Edition. Cambridge Street Publishing, 1999 - CSR-CDR 9901)


text:
Spot the Batteries
This page provides you with a snapshot of this activity that allows students to learn about the different types of batteries that power of every day lives. You can find batteries almost everywhere. They help us speak on the phone, get us places on bikes and in cars, and give us light when the power is off. Because batteries are so widely used and do not last forever, many batteries are thrown away. Batteries contain heavy metals like lead, mercury, nickel and cadmium which are dangerous to the environment. This is why we need to take special care when we have finished using them. Spot everyday items that use batteries and colour them in, while learning about the different types of batteries and how you can make conscious changes to save the environment from pollution.
We recommend that you use the 'Introduction to Solid Waste' activity before any of the other activities as it is a good starting point for students to learn about waste and provides a comprehensive overview of how waste is generated and its impacts on animals, the environment and us. If you have already done so and wish to continue to download the rest of this free activity please click on the download icon below. Enjoy!
- Identify items that use batteries
- Learn about the different types of batteries
- Discover that batteries contain dangerous chemicals (like heavy metals)
- Understand that batteries need to be disposed of carefully
- Photocopies of the 'Spot the Batteries' A4 handout for students
- Colouring pens or pencils
1 class period
(approximately 60 minutes)
- Photocopy the 'Spot the Batteries' A4 handout and read through the activity information.You could bring an example of a primary battery (non-rechargeable), for example an AA battery, and a secondary battery (rechargeable) such as a mobile phone battery.
1 Introduction (20 minutes):
Explain the activity to the students.
Give the class a short introduction on batteries:
- What are batteries and how do they work?
- Why do we need batteries? Imagine a life without batteries.
- Discuss the difference between non-rechargeable (primary) and rechargeable (secondary) batteries.
Downloading the full activity is absolutely free.
Click the link, fill the form and we'll send the download links per mail.
Lesson plan (English)
Teacher's cheat sheet (English)
Students Handout (English)
Lesson plan (Tamil)
Teacher's cheat sheet (Tamil)
Students Handout (Tamil)


text:
Chemistry Program Details
When you major in Chemistry at Cabrini, you'll experience hands-on discovery, experimentation, and research in a broad investigational approach to the field designed to prepare you for a successful career or to continue with graduate, medical, or professional school.
The chemistry program at Cabrini is designed to prepare chemistry majors for successful careers in a variety of industries and professions including:
- The pharmaceutical industry
- Secondary education
- Major or minor option
- Integrated program that emphasizes hands-on discovery
- Agreements with professional schools for continued education
- Understand foundational biological, chemical, and physical science concepts, as emphasized in the core science course requirements
- Apply the scientific method and possess problem-solving skills necessary to design, conduct, and troubleshoot experiments and to test a hypothesis
- Read, understand, and critically review scientific papers and interpret and analyze data presented in various forms (e.g., graphs, tables, narrative) using critical-thinking, analytical, and quantitative skills
- Present scientific ideas to multiple audiences using the accepted format of the discipline using written and oral communication skills
- Gain entry into the science workplace and/or graduate/professional schools utilizing a basic proficiency in computational skills, lab techniques, and use of technology
*Employment projections taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics report for employment category: Life, physical, and social science occupations.


Evaluate programs
Planning steps
This step-by-step guide to designing a program evaluation is based on the CTL Program Evaluation Process. It is designed primarily for university program managers or individuals needing assistance in developing evaluation plans for grant projects.
By following the guide, you will create an evaluation plan customized to your needs. While some of the tasks may seem self-evident, all are necessary to create a valid evaluation. Even those with experience in social science or educational research will likely find the process helpful as it may suggest different approaches to program evaluation than those that are most familiar.
STEP 1: Describe the program context
Record program and service recipient characteristics using Worksheet D. Use the information recorded on Worksheet D to inform your evaluation questions and purpose (Steps 2 & 3).
View a completed example of Worksheet D.
STEP 2: Identify stakeholders and their needs
Using Worksheet E, identify all stakeholders, their needs, and what questions they have related to the program. Identify any questions that more than one stakeholder is likely to have. Choose the top 1-3 questions to be the focus of your evaluation. These are the central questions of your evaluation.
View a completed example of Worksheet E.
STEP 3: Determine the evaluation purpose using central questions
Write each of your central questions in the first column of Worksheet F. Adjust phrasing as necessary. In column two of Worksheet F, circle the evaluation purpose of each central question you listed.
View a completed example of Worksheet F.
STEP 4: Identify how you will use the evaluation results
Identify how you will use the results (answers) for each of your central questions. Uses should directly relate to the evaluation's purpose. Record how you will use the results for each central question in the third column of Worksheet F.
STEP 5: Choose the appropriate evaluation method(s) and plan implementation
The assessment plan is a detailed description of how the research will be implemented. Use the method selection tool, to help you determine the best way to gather your data.
View an example evaluation plan for an instructional technology program
View an example needs evaluation plan for the UT Fine Arts Library
View an example program evaluation plan for a K-12 program
Page last updated: Sep 21 2011
Copyright © 2007, The University of Texas at Austin


Home Green Energy Hydrogen Power
Coffee-Powered Car Sets New Speed Record
coffee carCoffee-powered car owner Martin Bacon has just beaten the 65 mph record for cars of that class. The car achieved the feat with an audience including a Guinness World Records adjudicator and Bacon's wife at Greater Manchester's Woodford Airfield.
The 42-year-old achieved a speed of 65.536 mph to claim the record in a car that makes use of pellets of coffee chaff (waste from coffee production) which when heated in a gasifier break down into hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are in turn combusted to power the engine.
Bacon expressed his delight at their breaking the record for that range of cars, stating that it has taken years to make that "Coffee Car" although cars powered by gasification have been in wide usage before, such as in the period of World War Two. He also added that worldwide, there were more than 900,000 vehicles being driven by gasifiers with the inception of the 20th century.
The Co-Operative chose the car to mark 10 years of converting all their coffee to Fairtrade. Steve Murrells, Chief Executive of the organisation highlighted the importance of "the Bean Machine" breaking that record as including the publicizing of Fairtrade and how purchasing Fairtrade products can impact on families, producers and whole communities in developing nations.
(Visited 74 times, 1 visits today)
Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here


text:
Kiviet, Jan Frederik Pleus, Milan Poldermans, Rutger
Year of Publication:
CESifo Working Paper 5189
The performance in finite samples is examined of inference obtained by variants of the Arellano-Bond and the Blundell-Bond GMM estimation techniques for single dynamic panel data models with possibly endogenous regressors and cross-sectional heteroskedasticity. By simulation the effects are examined of using particular instrument strength enhancing reductions and transformations of the matrix of instrumental variables, of less robust implementations of the GMM weighting matrix, and also of corrections to the standard asymptotic variance estimates. We compare the root mean squared errors of the coefficient estimators and also the size of tests on coefficient values and of different implementations of overidentification restriction tests. Also the size and power of tests on the validity of the additional orthogonality conditions exploited by the Blundell-Bond technique are assessed over a pretty wide grid of relevant cases. Surprisingly, particular asymptotically optimal and relatively robust weighting matrices are found to be superior in finite samples to ostensibly more appropriate versions. Most of the variants of tests for overidentification restrictions show serious deficiencies. A recently developed modification of GMM is found to have great potential when the cross-sectional heteroskedasticity is pronounced and the time-series dimension of the sample not too small. Finally all techniques are employed to actual data and lead to some profound insights.


text:
The smell of homemade bread doesn't just make us crave fresh-from-the-oven carbs, it also makes us kinder to strangers — or so a new study claims.
A small team of researchers from France's University of Southern Brittany sent four volunteers to stand outside a clothing store. They sent another four volunteers to stand outside a bakery. As shoppers passed by, the volunteers "accidentally" dropped small personal items, like gloves and handkerchiefs, the NY Daily News reports.
The researchers found that 77 per cent of the shoppers who walked by the volunteers outside the bakery stopped to pick up the dropped items, while only 52 per cent of shoppers stopped outside the clothing store.
The experiment was repeated 400 times, each time leading the researchers to conclude that pleasant smells "trigger a positive mood that leads to a greater degree of altruism, or unconditional concern for the welfare of others," the Daily Mail reports.
Of course, if you're on a diet that's severely limiting your carb intake, the smell of fresh bread might make you hostile rather than hospitable.
The study doesn't indicate if factors like time of day or weather were controlled for in the study.
Watch the video below reporting on the new bread study.


text:
The American Bar Association, as well as many state and local bar associations, are playing a growing role in mainstreaming sustainable development into the practice of law. Our environmental and conservation laws–many of which predate the term "sustainability," are based on recognition that human quality of life and wellbeing depend on the health of their environment and the availability of necessary resources. The implementation and application of these laws, of course, require lawyers. What makes sustainable development distinctive is the idea that decision-making for environmental protection and decision-making for development should be systematically integrated. That often requires actions that go beyond what these laws have required.
Still, a growing number of laws in the United States and around the world reflect this broader understanding. These laws reflect broader global trends: population growth; continuing economic growth; widespread and increasing environmental degradation; including growing greenhouse gas concentrations; a changing climate; and a growing gap between rich and poor that is caused in part by the disparate effects of environmental degradation. These trends, in turn, are driving a number of corporations to design programs to reduce the overall environmental footprint of their operations and to foster a "triple bottom line" (not only profits but also environmental and social benefits).
These programs are increasingly enforced through contracts, and compliance with them is even beginning to be required by legislation. While the U.S. has not adopted comprehensive climate change legislation, there is nonetheless a rapidly evolving law of climate change that combines economic development, job creation, and the reduction of greenhouse gas and other pollutants. In addition, sustainability tools such as ecosystem services, conservation easements, smart growth, and mixed-use development are being increasingly used in the legal system. For these and other reasons, a growing number of lawyers include sustainability in their law practice.
The American Bar Association offers two programs or tools for sustainability in law practice:
- The ABA-EPA Law Office Climate Challenge, a program to encourage law offices to conserve energy and resources, as well as reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
- The ABA Section on Environment, Energy, and Resources (SEER) Sustainability Framework for Law Organizations, in which a law organization commits to take steps over time toward sustainability.
Both of these programs provide public recognition–on the ABA's website–for participating law organizations. Bar associations in California and Pennsylvania have adopted model sustainability programs for law organizations. Oregon Lawyers for a Sustainable Future has published its own model sustainability policy for law offices. These programs are largely, but not entirely, about law office operations, and are less focused on sustainability counseling and advocacy.
In August 2013, the American Bar Association's House of Delegates adopted its third major resolution on sustainability since 1991. This resolution takes a broader approach. The resolution "urges all governments, lawyers, and ABA entities to act in ways that accelerate progress toward sustainability." The resolution also "encourages law schools, legal education providers, and others concerned with professional development to foster sustainability in their facilities and operations and to help promote a better understanding of the principles of sustainable development in relevant fields of law."
At about the same time this resolution was passed, ABA President James Silkenat appointed a Task Force on Sustainable Development to "focus on ways that the ABA can provide leadership on a national and international basis on sustainable development issues." The Task Force has 20 members, representing government, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and academia (including Dernbach).
The Task Force issued its Final Report in 2015. The report provides a detailed description of various sustainable development activities within the ABA. In addition, the Task Force recommended that the ABA strengthen its leadership position on sustainable development, both nationally and internationally. It also identified future issues for discussion–concerning legal education, sustainability in the practice of law, and sustainability in governance. Additional information about the Task Force, as well as sustainability for lawyers, is available here.


text:
Fortitude (or moral courage) is the strength of mind and character needed to do what is right, no matter how adverse the circumstances or how strong the opposition. In Christian tradition it is considered one of the four cardinal virtues. As well as having the courage to act righteously, fortitude can also describe having the courage not to do wrong, for example, a teenager having enough character to resist peer-group pressure to drink alcohol or take illegal drugs.
There are many historical examples of fortitude, including the early Christians who endured great persecution to spread God's word. Many were martyred rather than do what they thought was wrong or sinful.


text:
John Brown Museum
Reverend Samuel Adair and his wife, Florella, were peaceful abolitionists who came to Kansas and settled near Osawatomie, an abolitionist community and a center of conflict during "Bleeding Kansas." The Adair cabin was a station on the Underground Railroad and Florella's half brother, John Brown, used this cabin as his headquarters. The cabin survived the Battle of Osawatomie where John Brown and 30 free-state defenders fought 250 proslavery militia in 1856, and stands on the battle site today. Visitors to the Museum can learn more about the Adairs, John Brown, and others who struggled to survive the border war.
The museum offers exhibits, tours, and occasional educational and recreational events.


Classroom Oddities: Beachy's Tiki
Javier C. Silva, Staffer
In this monthly, Creative Writing and Newspaper teacher, Nathan Beachy explains the origins of how he came in possession of a Tiki statue he has had in his classroom since 2003.
Beachy explained it all started at Eastern Oregon University, where he was going to school for the sole purpose of playing baseball. Beachy also mentioned how there was a considerable number of Micronesian population at the university. For a fundraiser, the group put on the school-sanctioned luau.
"A lot of people showed up, and it was one big gathering. The Tiki was one of the things that was getting raffled off [during the celebration]." He went on to say that his roommate, Spencer, was the one that ended up getting it. Before they knew it, it was in their apartment for an entire year.
"When Spencer graduated, he was leaving. And so, we were legit trying to destroy the Tiki for no reason imparticular other than none of us wanted it." He went on and explained how he and Spencer were throwing the Tiki into walls, and doing practically anything to try and break it apart, "You know, just college idiocracy." He mentions. Eventually, they both came into the realization that it wasn't going to break, and that's when Beachy decided to take it with him to his new apartment.
Beachy later became the teacher we all know. One day, his wife said that they needed to clean the house, and they needed to get that 'thing' out of there. "There really wasn't a spot for it, so I decided, 'You know what? It's time to come into a classroom.'" Ever since then, he's had it with him in his class throughout his 12 years of teaching.
The Tiki statue had more meaning than he thought it did. Apparently, the Tiki statue is called a "Ku Tiki," and it is the God of Strength. It's one of the four major gods in Hawaii, and it's known as the "Warrior God." "It's kind of funny how we tried to break it, and it's the God of Strength. It makes sense." He said while laughing.
It was only 3 years ago that beachy read the desicription in which now he says, "everything seemed to make sense." He keeps it in his classroom so it will, hopefully, say something to his students. He also keeps it in there to add cultural diversity to his classroom.
"It's a cool symbolic thing that I didn't even know spoke volume until about a few years ago. Now, it represents this class and its students."


text:
- As per order
-, Piece/Pieces
The insulation of pipeline is done to preserve the temperature inside the line. The insulated pipes can be vertical or horizontal stretched all over the plant carrying various liquids.
For void free insulation and to avoid sweating over the surfaces proper insulation is required. Proper temperature can be maintained with minimum heat loss through proper insulation.
Insulation properties of Polyurethane Foam are much better than other insulating material hence it is preferred over other insulating materials.
Cladding can be done over the pipeline using various surfaces such as
- GI Pre coated
All cladding joints will be overlapped and arranged to shed water and expansions and contractions before being sealed with water proof sealant. Generally metal cladding is done on pipelines for durability of the insulation and general aesthetics.
Where valves, flanges or other fittings are to be left exposed for operational reasons, the insulation will be butted up to these fittings and finished with preformed aluminum end caps fabricated onsite to suit the pipe diameter and insulation thickness.
Thickness of insulation varies as per the ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the pipeline to be maintained. The curves and the bends all over the pipeline can be filled together such that no voids are left.
- The density of Polyurethane foam insulation is maintained around 40kg/m3.
- Higher densities are also achieved as per the requirement of the customer.
- PIR can also be used as an insulating material.
- Dual insulation can also be done as per requirement of the customer.
Advantages with In-situ foaming in Pipe lines
- The risk for voids in the insulation is eliminated by the spray method.
- No joints in the foam.
- Homogeneous insulation.
- Increased insulation efficiency.
- Increased tightness.
- Non-corrosive and watertight cladding.
- Complete bonding to all surfaces.
- No penetration or space for accumulation of moisture.
- Excellent corrosion protection.
- Good fire fighting properties.
- Easy to Insulate Uneven Surfaces, Corners, Supports and Odd Geometrical Shapes.
- 01-10 Per Month
- 1-4 Week
R-875, TTC Industrial Area, Near Golden Garage, Rabale, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India


text:
Take a positive approach to behavior intervention for results that work—and last!
When there's a nuclear meltdown happening in your classroom, you don't have a second to think. This book is your trusted guide on what to do in the heat of the moment, and how you can decrease the chances of incidents happening in the first place. Its field-tested strategies integrate principles of behavioral intervention with the best practices of positive psychology—a fresh, effective response that respects the tough realities you face every day.
Happy Kids takes a student-centered approach to behavior, emphasizing optimism and student happiness without sugarcoating the realities of managing your students. Inside you'll find:
- Ready-to-use tools and guidelines
- Practical guidance developed from the author's extensive experience training educators
- Solutions that work now and support each student's future well-being
- A deliberate focus at the classroom, building, and system level
Whether you're a teacher, school counselor, psychologist, or administrator, Happy Kids has the guidance you need to manage behavior, ensure safety for all, and bring peace back to the classroom and school.
"Most of you reading this have never met me in person or seen my picture. I have an enormous forehead. Once, while teaching a small group of at-risk teens, a clever student actually informed me that I possess a fivehead. Like I said, clever."
Read more from Ben Springer, author of Happy Kids Don't Punch You in the Face, on Corwin Connect.


text:
- Special Report: Syria's Islamists seize control as moderates dither
- Angelina Jolie stunt double sues News Corp over hacking
- Global shares flat, dollar steady before Fed decision
- Kanye West wins over critics with 'daring' new album 'Yeezus'
- Journalist who brought down U.S. general is killed in Los Angeles car crash
Blood in the urine? Check with a microscope
NEW YORK |
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - When a dipstick test suggests there's blood in the urine, the next step should be to examine a sample of the urine under a microscope to make sure the dipstick result is accurate, according to medical guidelines - but often the patient is sent directly to see a specialist, or for further testing.
Dipstick tests, in which a narrow strip of plastic is dipped into a urine sample, are very common. Parts of the strip are covered with small squares that turn various colors based on features of the urine, including levels of acidity, proteins, sugar (glucose), and the presence of blood, to name just a few.
The American Urological Association advises that when a dipstick test finds blood in the urine, but the patient is feeling well and has no other symptoms, the result needs to confirmed microscopically before the patient undergoes any further exams, because the dipstick test is not a hundred percent reliable.
But in a study that will appear in the Journal of Urology, Dr. J. Stephen Jones, from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and colleagues found that this guideline is often not followed, and as a result, many patients without blood in their urine end up having costly, unnecessary evaluations and testing.
The researchers studied 91 patients who were sent to see urologists because their dipstick test results suggested blood in their urine. In 69 cases, patients' urine samples were not examined under a microscope before their urology referral. At the urologist's office, blood in the urine (a condition known as hematuria) was confirmed in only 17 (25%) of these 69 patients.
Not only that, but 15 patients who didn't really have blood in their urine had imaging studies done before they saw the urologist.
"This establishes how frequent it is that patients are at risk of undergoing evaluation for findings that are actually not abnormal," Jones told Reuters Health.
"Unfortunately, we were not surprised" by the findings, he added. "This is common and so we wanted to emphasize the importance of not making decisions based on the urine dipstick alone."
The researchers estimated that the Medicare reimbursement value for the urologic evaluation of the 69 patients who didn't have microscopic confirmation before referral was $44,901. Just one patient (who really did have blood in the urine) had a malignancy.
The take-home message, Jones said, is that invasive tests and x-rays or other imaging studies should not be done until the dipstick test results have been confirmed under a microscope.
SOURCE: Journal of Urology, February 2010.
- Tweet this
- Share this
- Digg this


Search this site
Matching against multi-line strings
Up until now, we haven't mentioned the issue of multi-line strings. It is perfectly valid and useful to match against a string containing several lines, separated by one of the usual line separators. However, there are a couple of complications:
 - The multiple lines may or may not have a logical meaning. For example, in HTML or XML, line breaks in the file are actually uninteresting in most cases. On the other hand, in some other types of file, line breaks are significant, and we may want to perform an operation such as finding 'one number per line' or 'the word at the start of the line';
 - Line breaks can be signalled by different control characters. On UNIX systems, it is typical to signal a line break with a single ACSII character 10. Windows, on the other hand, still maintains the tradition of combining both carriage return (character 13) and newline character. This is why if you've had the misfortune to use Windows Notepad to open a README file from some UNIX software you may have found everything displayed on one long line. (At least Wordpad manages to figure it out...)
Regular expressions provide some flags and tokens to allow all combinations of the above.
If line breaks are significant...
Set the Pattern.MULTILINE flag when constructing the Pattern. In the expression, you can use ^ and $ to mean the beginning and end othe line respectively. (That includes at the beginning and end of the entire expression.) For example, the following pattern will find numbers at the beginning of lines:
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^([0-9]+).*", Pattern.MULTILINE);
Matcher m = p.matcher(...);
while (m.find()) {
 String number = m.group(1);
Note that by default, the dot matches all characters except line break characters. So the.* in the above example will only match to the end of a line.
Note that \s matches any whitespace, including line breaks.
If line breaks are not significant...
If line breaks are not significant, then in many types of expression you will need to use the Pattern.DOTALL flag to denote that the dot can match literally any character, including line break characters. As mentioned, \s will match line breaks, so may be more useful in some situations.
Without the MULTILINE flag, the ^ and $ now match against the beginning and end of the expression but nothing else.
If the file has Windows-type line breaks (or if you're not sure...)
If the file or character sequence you're matching against, as generally found in Windows, uses the convention of denoting a line break by a sequence carriage return followed by newline, then there's no special option to set. Provided the MULTILINE flag is enabled, then ^ and $ will by default treat a sequence of carriage return plus newline as a single line break. If you enable DOTALL, the dot will match against both carriage return and newline (and all other characters); otherwise, it will exclude carriage return and newline, plus the other line separators.
Leaving the default setting is actually the most flexible line break mode. The following will actually be recognised as line breaks: carriage return and newline (either individually or as a sequence), character 133, plus Unicode characters U+2028 and U+2029 (which are rarely used in practise).
If the file has UNIX-type line breaks
If you are sure that the input has UNIX-style line breaks– in other words, line breaks are denoted by a single newline (ASCII character 10)– then you should enable the Pattern.UNIX_LINES flag. This flag makes ^ and $ recognise only character 10 as a line break; and by default, the dot will match against all characters except character 10.
Note: if the string data you are dealing with is a normal page of HTML that came directly from a web server, there's a good chance it will use UNIX-style line breaks.
comments powered by Disqus


text:
In Girl in forest, Mount Macedon Frederick McCubbin revisits a central theme in his oeuvre: the activities of children in the Australian bush. He had previously painted scenes of children lost in the bush – narratives of innocence and vulnerability within the landscape. McCubbin also explored the magical worlds invented by children through storytelling and imagination. In works such as What the little girl saw in the bush 1904 (private collection, reproduced p. 28) he sought to capture ideas of creative freedom and expression that children unselfconsciously bring to their surrounds.
In Girl in forest, Mount Macedon a young girl wanders through the bush carrying a basket, possibly collecting wildflowers or berries. She is small beside the large trees and thick growth, her white dress setting her apart from her environment. McCubbin has paid close attention to the study of dappled light through trees and foliage. Areas of the canvas appear abstracted and flecks of colour are layered over each other using a palette knife. Moving back from the work the scene comes into focus – a glorious image of gold, pink and violet; bracken, bark and gum.
Girl in forest, Mount Macedon depicts the bush close to 'Fontainebleau', the McCubbin's residence at Mount Macedon about 60 kilometres north-west of Melbourne. The child in the image is the artist's youngest daughter, Kathleen, who posed for her father numerous times.


text:
Moshe Looks, Ben Goertzel, and Cassio Pennachin
The Novamente AI Engine is briefly reviewed. The overall architecture is unique, drawing on system-theoretic ideas regarding complex mental dynamics and associated emergent patterns. We describe how these are facilitated by a novel knowledge representation which allows diverse cognitive processes to interact effectively. We then elaborate the two primary cognitive algorithms used to construct these processes: probabilistic term logic (PTL), and the Bayesian Optimization Algorithm (BOA). PTL is a highly flexible inference framework, applicable to domains involving uncertain, dynamic data, and autonomous agents in complex environments. BOA is a population-based optimization algorithm which can incorporate prior knowledge. While originally designed to operate on bit strings, our extended version also learns programs and predicates with variable length and tree-like structure, used to represent actions, perceptions, and internal state. We detail some of the specific dynamics and structures we expect to emerge through the interaction of the cognitive processes, outline our approach to training the system through experiential interactive learning, and conclude with a description of some recent results obtained with our partial implementation, including practical work in bioinformatics, natural language processing, and knowledge discovery.


text:
|Product #: ELP402698|
MODEL DRAWING FOR CHALLENGING WORDPROBLEMS
Take the Singapore model-drawing strategy to the next level!
Go beyond an introductory look at the process by extending the basic techniques and learning how to apply them to higher-level problems. Author Lorraine Walker, an experienced math teacher, invites teachers to try each problem on their own. Then she lets them "look inside her head" as she decides how to approach the problem and sets up an appropriate model. Includes plenty of reproducible practice problems and even a "final exam." (A complete solution key, with a suggested model for solving each problem, is suggested model for solving each problem, is included.) (6-9) 160 pp.
Submit a review