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WikipediaRead full entry
The shells are long, narrow, and parallel-sided. This shape resembles a closed, old-fashioned straight razor (a cut-throat razor), or a closed jackknife (pocket knife) and sometimes these clams are known as razor shells or jackknives. The shells in these species are fragile and can easily be damaged when digging for these clams.
Ensis species live in clean sand on exposed beaches. They are capable of digging very rapidly; see the description under the Atlantic jackknife clam. Some clammers catch jackknives by pouring salt on the characteristic keyhole-shaped breathing holes. The clam then tries to escape the salt by coming up out of its hole, and at this point it is possible to gently grab the shell and pull it out of the ground.
Thirteen species are currently recognised:
- Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) – razor shell
- Ensis californicus Dall, 1899
- Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) – Atlantic jackknife clam
- Ensis ensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Ensis goreensis (Clessin, 1888)
- Ensis macha (Molina, 1782)
- Ensis magnus Schumacher, 1817
- Ensis megistus Pilsbry & McGinty, 1943
- Ensis minor (Chenu, 1843) – jackknife clam
- Ensis myrae Berry, 1954
- Ensis nitidus (Clessin, 1888)
- Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758) – pod razor
- Ensis tropicalis Hertlein & Strong, 1955
- S. Gofas (2010). "Ensis Schumacher, 1817". In P. Bouchet, S. Gofas & G. Rosenberg. World Marine Mollusca database. World Register of Marine Species. _URL_ Retrieved April 26, 2010.


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The Department of Education is committed to supporting all schools to undertake the required Nationally Consistent Collection of Data (NCCD) to ensure all students with disability are participating and engaged in learning and able to pursue life opportunities.
About the NCCD
All Australian schools are required to participate annually in the NCCD.
The national data collection reflects and supports the ongoing work of schools. The NCCD draws on teachers' professional judgement and practices throughout the year supporting students with disability to access and participate in education on the same basis as other students.
Under the NCCD model, teachers and school staff use their professional, informed judgement, based on evidence, to determine the level of adjustments students with disability receive, in both the classroom and whole school context, as well as the broad category of disability that relates to the adjustments.
The model for the NCCD is based on mandatory obligations to students under the national Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA) and Disability Standards for Education 2005. Understanding these legal obligations and the NCCD model is essential knowledge for principals and teachers.
What's new in 2018
From 1 January 2018, the Nationally Consistent Collection of Data on schools students with disability (NCCD) will be used by the Australian Government to calculate the students with disability loading in recurrent funding for schools provided by the Commonwealth to states and territories. Therefore, the quality and reliability of information gathered under the NCCD is critical.
School principals are responsible for verifying the accuracy of their school's NCCD data and validating that there is evidence at the school to support the inclusion of a student in the NCCD. This is a key responsibility given that the NCCD data will be used to inform funding provided by the Australian Government to Tasmania and may be the subject of audits or compliance activities.
The NCCD collection happens annually and is due for completion in August each year.
Teachers use their professional judgement to determine:
- which of their students are being provided with a reasonable adjustment because of disability, as defined in the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (the DDA) and the Disability Standards for Education 2005
- the level of adjustment that students with disability are being provided with, in both classroom and whole of school contexts
- the broad category of disability under which each student best fits.
The four levels of adjustments provided to students are:
- Support provided within quality differentiated teaching practice
- Supplementary adjustments
- Substantial adjustments
- Extensive adjustments
Evidence is required at the school to demonstrate that a student has been provided with an educational adjustment for a period of ten weeks or longer to meet specific needs associated with the disability and that the students' parents or carers have been consulted in relation to the nature of the educational adjustment.
Schools must complete this information in the Student Support System (SSS) in August every year, which must be approved by the school principal.
Each year in August, principals will verify data about students in their school receiving adjustments because of disability, based on evidences in the school.
Email communications will be sent to each school principal prior to the data collection period to remind them of the process and timeframes for recording the NCCD.
Frequently Asked Questions
- If students are transitioning from Year 6 to Year 7 which school undertakes the NCCD work? The Year 6 school collects the data.
- If students are transitioning from Year 10 to Year 11 which school undertakes the NCCD work? The Year 10 school collects the data.
- Who undertakes the process if the student is enrolled in two different schools? Only the school where the student spends the most days each week.
- Does the collection include Kindergarten students? No. Only students in Prep to Year 12.
Further information is available at Nationally Consistent Collection of Data (NCCD).
For further information or advice in relation to the NCCD, contact Disability Services, via email at: _EMAIL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Devavtari Sadguru Sant Shri Balumama ( देवावतारी सद्गुरू संत श्री बाळूमामा ) was a shepherd belonging the Kuruba Gowda / Dhangar community. He is considered a saint and has many millions of followers in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. A shepherd, by the very nature of his job has to come in contact usually with people who are at the very low strata of society, whose life is sunk in vices and bad habits. A shepherd cannot remain unaffected by them. Not so Balu-mama, who was not an ordinary shepherd. It was these men of vices and bad habits, who could not remain unaffected by him, their life was completely changed almost beyond recognition by him. He was a practical guide and guide and counsel to them. Their wretched and immoral life was transformed into a civilized and spiritual one. They could not thank God sufficiently for their good fortune to have such a spiritual guide.
Early life[edit]
Balumama was born in 1892, in a village called Akkol(ಅಕ್ಕೋಳ) in Chikkodi taluk of Belgaum district in Karnataka. His father was Mayappa and mother was Satyavva. He spent his childhood with his parents, but was always lost in meditation and was a quiet boy. He later went on to live with his sister and was married to her daughter against his will. The marriage did not last long. He was given about 15 sheep by his in-laws which he started to tend.
While shepherding his sheep, he was known to have performed several miracles and help lots of poor and downtrodden people. He used to travel long distances with his sheep including parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He was fluent in both Kannada and Marathi. Whatever he said came to pass without fail. So had a huge disciple group among the rural poor, who began to worship him as a saint. The seep which Balumama had were considered as holy as well. If the herd of Balumama's sheep stayed or passed through a persons field, he was bound to have had happiness, health and wealth.
Balumama died at the age of 74 in 1966 at a village called Admapur (ಅದ್ಮಾಪುರ) in Kolhapur district of Maharastra. A temple was built in his memory in Adamapur which lies between Nipani in Karnataka and Rathanagari in Maharashtra. The Temple is looked after by the "Shri Balumama Sansthana". The sheep numbers have now grown to about 40,000, which are looked after by the temple trust.
Festivals At Admapur:
1. Bhanara Festival - There is mah-prasad on the 12th Day of Vadya (Dark) Lunar month of Phalgun, Next day i.e. on the 13th of Phalgwn, there is a grand procession of palanguin accompanied by a horse throughout the village. The devotees are served porridge (ambil), Sharbat and Light snack by the villages on this day. The whole sky reverberates with deafening sound of drums and the whole air is colored by bhandara (turmeric powder), This goes on from 9 am. in the morning till 4 pm. in the evening. Next day is the new moon day (Amavasya) and the day after is Gudhi Padva or the New year Day according to Hindu calendar, There is a special function for the sheep celebrated by the shepherds and is called putting of luck.
2. There is a fair of pilgrims on every new moon day (Amavasya) special porridge of millet (called nachani) is served to the pilgrims on this day.
3. People pay visit also on every Sunday, and porridge is served to the devotees.
4. Singers of devotional songs from far away places pay visit to the temple and sing devotional songs there on every Ekadashi.
5. Shravan vadya chaturthi (4th dark Lunar day of sravan Hindu month) is the death anniversary of Balu-mama. Reciting of Ineshwari, nam-jap, discourses by celebrities, God samkeertan, Bhajan etc. all day and night for seven days, previous to the last anniversary day, are the high-lights of this annual function.
6. From the Bharapad New moon day and Ghatasthapana till Dasara (10th bright Day of Aswin month) devotees sit in the temple performing nam-jap bhajain etc. on this special occasion (called Navratree).
7. Aswin shuddha Dwadashi (or the 12th bright day of Aswin month) is the birth anniversary of Balu-mama. The mage of Balu-mama is bathed in holy water before sunrise by the temple from 9 am. onwards mah-prasad is served. At 4.23 pm. floral shower is performed after singing of praises to God centenary celebrations were specially held on the year 1992 honor of Balu-mama as a mark of the completion of 100 years of his birth.
8. Aswin vadya Dwadashi (Guru-Dwadashi) or the 12th Dark lunar day of Aswin month :- This is the dayon which Balu-mama Understood yearly pilgrimage (called waari) to Pandharpur. The devotee's visit Pandharpur on this day and bathe the idol of Vithal & Rukmini there with holy water. Thereafter they partacke of prasad.
9. Kartik shuddha pratipada (the first bright luniar day of Kartik) or Diwali Padva :- The dung of the sheep is made into a heap near the Margubai temple and worshipped by the shepherds as Goddess Laxmi on this auspicious day. Sheep milk is boiled till it over flows on this occasion. The sheep also are worshipped by the shepherds by waving Light around their faces with Lamps. There is a race of sheep, after which maha-prasad is served.
The sheep of Balumama are considered sacred, the current sheep which are the progeny of the original sheep of Balumama are considered to be auspicious. And groups of these sheep are taken to various places at the request of Balumamas devotees. There is a belief that these sheep brings good luck. Some politicians like Basavaraj Bommai, K S Eshwarappa, Sharad Pawar etc. have tended the sheep for a day, which is thought to make them win elections.
1. 'Shri Sant Sadguru Devavtari Balumama Charitra Granth' By Mr. C.S.Kulkarni (Marathi)
2. 'Bhav-Bhakticha Bhandara' By Mr. S. Killedar (Marathi)
3. 'Shri Balumama Vijaygranth' By Dr. Shrikrishna D. Deshmukh (Marathi)
4. 'Shri Sant Sadguru Balumama Arati Sangraha' By Mr. B.B.Aidmale (Marathi)
5. 'Sri Sant Sadguru Balumama Namanstotra' By Madhav Joshi (Marathi)
6. 'Sri Sant Balumama Stavan' By Mr. C.G.Patil (Marathi)


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Die FOLA-Gruppe hat jetzt den Bericht „A nation reading for life" veröffentlicht, der das Lesen und die Bibliotheken mit sechs zentralen Forderungen voranbringen will:
1. The Australian states and territories commission independent audits of the collections of their public library systems.
2. The Australian government initiate a first national Year of Reading.
3. State and territory public library agencies foster reader development training and networks for their public library systems.
4. Regional groups of public libraries consider sharing the costs of a reader development coordinator.
5. Reader development is articulated in public library strategic plans and staff position descriptions.
6. Friends of Libraries groups discuss with their library managers their reader development strategies, and consider advocacy and practical areas in which they can assist.
Beitrag von Andreas Mittrowann


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A few theories exist to explain human yawning:
- Do increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood induce yawning to bring in oxygen? This theory has been around since Hippocrates, but studies have since shown it to be either incorrect or flawed. Why? Because yawning may, in fact, reduce oxygen intake compared to normal respiration (breathing), not increase it.
- Is yawning the body's way of controlling brain temperature? This theory suggests that yawning cools off the brain much like a fan cools the insides of a computer. Reptiles, for instance, might yawn to maintain their body temperature. Since most reptiles rely on ambient temperature to maintain body temperature, yawning might be a means for promoting rapid cooling down. This may also work for animals that don't sweat. Pigs and dogs may yawn because they don't sweat. Exposing the mouth and tonsils to the outside air may cool down the head, even if only by a few tenths of a degree.
- Does yawning satisfy the need to stretch your muscles?
- Is a yawn associated with nervousness?
- Do yawns help you to stay alert? Some studies have suggested that yawning--especially "contagious" yawning--may have developed as a way of keeping a group of animals alert. Anecdotal evidence suggests that yawning helps increase the state of alertness of a person. Paratroopers, for instance, have been noted to yawn in the moments before they exit the aircraft.
- Is yawning a sign of dominance? Observation of dog and primate behavior has shown that alpha males and alpha females tend to yawn more frequently than do their beta counterparts. Yawning may actually be considered aggressive in certain species, since it is a chance to display lots of pointy teeth!
None of these theories has been definitely proven, and these are just the tip of the theoretical iceberg.
A few theories exist to explain human yawning: • Do
increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood induce yawning to
bring in oxygen? This theory has been around since Hippocrates, but
studies have since shown it to be either... More

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Securing a Future for Leopards in South Africa
07 December 2005 | News story
IUCN –The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland (7.12.2005) - The leopard (Panthera pardus) is the most persecuted large cat species in the world.
Leopards have been eradicated from vast tracts of their former range, due mainly to habitat loss, depletion of natural prey, and human persecution. Despite this, leopards are often seen as a low conservation priority. An ever-increasing number of leopards are being destroyed by farmers, pastoralists and illegal hunters. Yet, while numerous studies have been executed on the ecology and behaviour of leopards, the conservation needs of the species have never been addressed. In response to this, and as a result of increased hunting in the region, the Mun-Ya-Wana Leopard Project, involving members of the SSC Cat Specialist Group, is investigating the long-term sustainability of leopards in northern Kwa Zulu-Natal, South Africa, across a mosaic of different land-uses and persecution levels. The project aims to assess the population status and establish an agreement between landowners on the consumptive and non-consumptive use of leopards in the region, while ensuring that a viable population persists. Read the full project brief and preliminary results on the Cat Specialist Group website.
For further information contact
Andrew McMullin, IUCN Species Programme Communications Officer
Tel: +41 (0)22 _PHONE_


Modeling the formation and deposition of frazil ice beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
Andreas Bombosch, Adrian Jenkins
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Large areas of the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf are underlain by layers of marine ice, which form when supercooled seawater circulating beneath the ice shelf freezes. The freezing process initially produces a suspension of disc‐shaped frazil ice crystals, and these are subs quently deposited onto the ice shelf base in areas where the flow of water is slack enough. This has been modeled assuming that the freezing takes place within buoyant plumes of Ice Shelf Water ascending the ice shelf base from source regions near the grounding lines of the major inlet glaciers. The deposition of the majority of the suspended frazil ice is found to occur in spatially discrete bursts, where peak rates of accumulation at the ice shelf base exceed 1 m yr−1 of solid ice. There is a good correlation between the location of the zones of crystal deposition and the position of the upstream limits of the marine ice layers. The high rates of localized accumulation account for the rapid buildup observed in the layer thickness, which then gradually declines as the marine ice is carried downstream with the flow of the ice shelf. Model results also suggest an origin for the ice platelets observed at depth in the water column near the Filchner Ice Shelf.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)6983-6992
JournalJournal of Geophysical Research
Issue numberC4
Publication statusPublished - 15 Apr 1995
Externally publishedYes
Dive into the research topics of 'Modeling the formation and deposition of frazil ice beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Elements Spreadsheet provides the capability to define header and footer rows.
This NEW feature is available since the version 3.1.
Purpose of headers and footers
This feature is designed to help you organizing and browsing your spreadsheet data with :
- Compatibility with Confluence table headers
- Sorting function
- Filtering function (coming soon)
Compatibility with Confluence table
When creating a table in the Confluence editor, you can specify a line as a header. Thereby, when you are browsing the Confluence page, this header line allows you to sort the data and is fixed (the header line remains visible when you are scrolling the table content) :
Elements Spreadsheet is compatible with these behaviors. If you are using one or more headers rows in your spreadsheet document, it will be rendered in the same way as a Confluence table, allowing you to use the native Confluence table sort and fixed header.
These features are currently not available with the new Confluence cloud editor.
When headers and footers rows are used, only the rows between the last row header and the first row footer are sorted. This can be useful to avoid sorting table headers or footers calculations. Furthermore, when rows are set as headers, the column
How to use them
Currently, the Elements Spreadsheet editor allows you to define up to three rows for a header, three header columns, and three footer rows.
- The header rows must be consecutive relative to the first row (top)
- The footer rows must be consecutive relative to the last row (bottom)
- The header columns must be consecutive relative to the first column (left)
You can enable and disable them by using the toolbar button, or via the context menu.
|Row can be set as row header|
|Column can be set as column header|
|Row can be set as row footer|
|Row cannot be set as row header|
|Column cannot be set as column header|
|Row cannot be set as row footer|
|Row is set as row header or can be unset to a normal row|
|Column is set as column header, or can be set as normal column|
|Row is set as footer from the last row, or can be unset to a normal row|
When using headers and/or footers, some constraints are applied on your document to preserve sorting / filtering options :
- Inserting lines/columns before a header or after a footer is not possible
- A cell selection mixed from a header/footer and non-header/footer areas cannot be merged


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Course Outline
In times of serious boating emergencies, the ability to summon help quickly can make the difference between life and death. Here are some items that you should carry on board to help get assistance quickly.
Visual Distress Signals: It is recommended that you have and know how to use visual distress signals. Carry extras. Always respond immediately to other boaters displaying a distress signal.
Visual distress signals: handheld red flares, orange flag, meteors, electric light,
VHF Marine Radio: Consider purchasing a Very High Frequency (VHF) marine radio. VHF marine radios have channels that are reserved for distress calls and are monitored continuously by the USCG.
VHF marine radio
Mobile Phone: If you own a mobile telephone, include it as part of your standard boating gear. It may be useful for contacting local law enforcement agencies. However, they have serious limitations and should not be used as a substitute for a VHF radio.
Mobile phone
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB): If you operate far from shore, you should seriously consider carrying appropriate communications gear. A satellite EPIRB is designed to quickly and reliably alert rescue forces, indicate an accurate distress position, and guide rescue units to the distress scene, even when all other communications fail.
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
Personal Locator Beacon (PLB): A less expensive alternative to an EPIRB, the PLB sends out a personalized emergency distress signal to a monitored satellite system. It is waterproof and light enough for you to keep it attached to your PFD at all times.
Personal Locator Beacon (PLB)
 - Unit 5 of 6
 - Topic 11 of 12
 - Page 1 of 4


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Onomatopoeia words are used far more in Japanese than in English.
擬音語 (ぎおんご) onomatopoeia (words that describe actual sounds like the sound of a dog ワンワン)
擬態語 (ぎたいご) mimetic word (every other type often describing emotions)
These words can be used in many different ways - some shown below in approximate reverse order of popularity:
- 1. With 'と' as a pseudo-adverb.
夜空に星がきらきらと輝いていた。 Stars were twinkling in the sky.
- 2. As an adverb (e.g. with the 'と' dropped).
夜空に星がきらきら輝いていた。 Stars were twinkling in the sky.
- 3. With 'する' as a'suru-verb'.
その車はワックスがかけられてピカピカしている。 The car is waxed and shining.
- 4. As a noun (often with の modifying another word)
トムは車をピカピカの新車で買った。 Tom bought a car brand-new.
Historically many of the long established onomatopeia words were taru-adjectives (taru-adjectives generally became to-adverbs in the same way as naru-adjectives generally became na-adjectives).


Home MBE Articles Adventure Cragging Etiquette: Ethics for a sport under a microscope
Cragging Etiquette: Ethics for a sport under a microscope
By Jason Martin
In the old days, most people learned to climb from a mentor who showed them the ropes, literally. These mentors would also teach new climbers how to behave at climbing areas. That's not so common anymore. Now, most people transition to outdoor climbing after logging time at a gym and they don't have the same kind of guidance that climbers had in the past. The result is that new climbers often make mistakes that irk not only other climbers, but also land managers.
Climbing ethics are important because the sport's growing. There's room for us all to have a good time if we treat each other and the crags with respect. But they're also important because we're under a microscope. Land managers are always watching. If we mistreat an area or if a dispute between climbers grows beyond the climbing community, it jeopardizes the crag.
It can take years to understand the nuances of climbing ethics, but there are a handful of universal ethical considerations that every climber should contemplate.
Human waste and trash
Nothing gets a crag closed down faster than human waste and litter. Indeed, nothing makes a crag less appealing than those things either.
Poop is a major problem at climbing areas across the country. New climbers often don't know how to deal with it and leave stinky surprises for others to find. Sometimes they seem to think putting a rock on top of the pile will mitigate its impact. It doesn't.
The best way to deal with human waste is to carry it out. Several commercial waste bag systems make this easier, but Ziploc bags work too.
If you're unable to deal with packing out your waste, climbing outside probably isn't for you. This is considered a baseline standard that everyone should abide by at hundreds of climbing areas throughout the United States and Canada.
If you are in an area with good, organic soil, it's possible to bury your waste in a cat hole. Dig your hole at least 6 inches deep, at least 200 feet from any water source and nowhere near the crag. Pack out your toilet paper. Climbing tape, candy bar wrappers, gum, cigarette butts and other trash should always be packed out.
Crag hogging
Climbing clubs and other large organized groups occasionally string ropes on all the climbs in an area to claim them. If people from the group are actively climbing on the ropes, there's nothing wrong with this. The problem arises when the ropes are left empty while another party waits to climb.
North American ethics dictate that whoever gets to the crag first gets priority. But that doesn't mean they're the only ones with access for the day. Group leaders should work to accommodate all visitors.
Multi-pitch climbs have a similar issue. If you're first to the crag, then you get priority access. However, if you are first and you are not a fast party, you should allow others to pass. Those who arrive later should understand that even if they're faster climbers, they still must ask before passing.
The know-it-all
Occasionally you will run into the person who thinks he knows everything. In some cases, he'll provide unsolicited beta or advice. In other cases, he will tell you all the things you're doing wrong.
If you're that guy, nobody wants to listen to you.
There are legitimate reasons to step in and give advice. If someone is in imminent danger you should say something.
But it's quite unusual for someone to be in such danger. It's far more common to run into someone who's doing something mildly wrong. In those cases, be friendly, talk to the person, make friends with them, and then provide gentle, nonjudgmental advice.
Dogs and music
In most climbing areas, well-behaved dogs on a leash are acceptable. Barking dogs, dogs off-leash and dogs that bite people are not welcome. Ask yourself two things before bringing your dog: does your dog listen to you? If it doesn't, it's not acceptable at the crag. And second, ask yourself honestly if your friends like your dog. If they don't, strangers probably won't either.
Not everyone has the same musical tastes. In fact, many people like to hear the sounds of nature when they go climbing. It's fine to listen to headphones, but speakers are not considered acceptable in either a crag or a multi-pitch environment.
Rock climbing is one of the fastest growing sports in America. The Outdoor Foundation estimates that 4.6 million people climb each year. Certainly a large percentage of them only climb indoors, but we all know they won't stay there – climbing outside is just too much fun. Educating yourself and others in climbing ethics will ensure that everyone has a good time and that the crags and mountains of North America will remain open and clean for generations to come.
Want to get involved with protecting your favorite rock climbing access? Get active with these organizations:
Washington Climbers Coalition
Access Fund
The American Alpine Club
Climbers' Access Society of
The Mountaineers


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many a teacher vs many teachers
I've seen this kind of construction before so I know it's not a grammatical mistake or a typo on the publisher's part. (Besides, I'm not proficient enough to point out mistakes made by publishers) But I don't know why the author chose to use'many a teacher' as opposed to'many teachers'. Can anyone provide an explanation for this?
One much talked-about educational theorist in the Rogersian tradition is the well-known Brazilian educator Paolo Freire (1970), whose seminal work, Pedagogy of the Opressed
, has inspired many a teacher
to consider the importance of the empowerment of students in classrooms.
Re: many a teacher vs many teachers
Both mean the same thing...
Originally Posted by HaraKiriBlade
many a teacher is a rather old way of writing and not used much any more.
By Veron1 in forum Ask a Teacher
Last Post: 01-Sep-2007, 09:04
By Rain$Windy in forum Ask a Teacher
Last Post: 23-Jul-2007, 22:41
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text:
To answer this question first we need to discuss what makes beer fizzy and how a head forms.
Most beers are carbonated with carbon dioxide (CO2). When the beer is in the can some of this CO2 is dissolved in the beer and some is at the top of the can. The CO2 that is dissolved in the beer is what makes it fizzy. When the can is closed the pressure inside is higher than the pressure outside, so that when you open the can the sudden drop in pressure and the agitation of pouring causes some of the CO2 to bubble out of solution, forming a head on your beer.
A stout like Guinness has a creamier, longer lasting head than a canned lager beer. In addition, Guinness is less fizzy than a regular lager beer. Guinness is canned with a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Nitrogen is not absorbed into the beer nearly as well as carbon dioxide, so even though a can of Guinness may be at the same pressure as a can of lager, it contains less CO (and is therefore less fizzy) because the nitrogen makes up some of the pressure.
Because a beer like Guinness contains less dissolved CO2, if you poured it from a can with no widget, the head not be very thick because most of the CO2 would stay dissolved.
The purpose of the widget is to release the CO2 from some of the beer in the can to create the head. The widget is a plastic, nitrogen-filled sphere with a tiny hole in it. The sphere is added to the can before the can is sealed. It floats in the beer, with the hole just slightly below the surface of the beer.
Just before the can is sealed a small shot of liquid nitrogen is added to the beer. This liquid nitrogen evaporates during the rest of the canning process and pressurizes the can. As the pressure increases in the can, beer is slowly forced into the sphere through the hole, compressing the nitrogen inside the sphere.
When you open the can, the pressure inside immediately drops, the compressed gas inside the sphere quickly forces the beer out through the tiny hole into the can. As the beer rushes through the tiny hole, this agitation causes the CO2 that is dissolved in the beer to form tiny bubbles that rise to the surface of the beer. These bubbles help form the head.


Faculty Scholarship 1994 - Present
Rethinking the Transition to Capitalism: Taking the Assumption of Sel Interested Behavior Seriously
While undergoing a transition to capitalism in the 1990s, the Russian economy collapsed. A factor contributing to the collapse was the shock therapy policy advice of western experts. These experts, relying on mainstream economic theory, ignored the unique characteristics of transition periods between economic systems. A Hobbesian critique of the underlying assumptions of mainstream economics is offered. We argue that a Hobbesian approach, focusing on the dynamics of struggles over the rules of the economic game would be very useful for understanding the transition to capitalism in Russia. An important Hobbesian thesis is that attempts to change the rules of the economic game without a robust state apparatus to enforce those rules leads not to capitalist prosperity but to the war of all against all.


text: Purpose-The aim of this piece of research was to detail the scope and nature of sectarianism as experienced by employees, managers and those with trade union responsibilities, in the Northern Ireland workplace. Design/methodology/approach-Four large organizations, two from the private and two from the public sector, were recruited to take part in this qualitative study. In-depth inter-views were carried out with managers and trade union personnel. Focus groups were run with employees. Findings-Data were submitted to thematic analysis. The major themes to emerge included: the extent of experienced sectarianism, sources of sectarianism, the nature of sectarian harassment, ''tolerable'' sectarianism, and the management of difference. Research limitations/implications-Short-comings of the study include the possibility that social desirability effects could have operated to underplay sectarian attitudes. Again the limitations of a qualitative methodology in providing estimates of the extent of sectarianism in the broader population are acknowledged. Practical implications-Practical implications of the findings for controlling sectarianism and managing diversity are discussed in terms of organizational formalization, the promotion of a common ingroup workforce identity, and the informal procedures used by employees to manage difference on a day-to-day basis. Originality/value-The study is particularly pertinent, given that there has been little attempt to capture the experiences of sectarianism in workplaces from the perspective of managers, employees and trade union personnel.


Restoring respect project
Restoring Respect Project
Restoring Respect partners have identified hat, in the EU, the unemployment rate for refugees/migrants is two times more than the number of jobless national citizens.
Many EU tools and policies are still no widely used, mostly due to gaps in a holistic approach, which would include skills identification, labor mapping, accreditation and employability skills training to refugees and migrants.
In this context, RRP will create a innovative tools, which will act as an early intervention program for refugees and migrants, who cannot procure documentary evidence of their qualifications. At the end of the program, refugees and migrants will be empowered with new tools to better certify their knowledge and skills and capabilities.
Newsletter of the Project
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text:
Ear Home > Floxin Otic
A healthcare provider may prescribe Floxin Otic for treating certain bacterial ear infections, such as swimmer's ear and middle ear infections. This antibiotic ear drop works by interfering with bacteria's ability to multiply. It is typically used once or twice a day for 7 to 14 days. Possible side effects may include dizziness, ear pain, and itching in the ear.
What Is Floxin Otic?Floxin® Otic (ofloxacin otic solution) is a prescription ear drop used to treat the following bacterial ear infections:
- Otitis externa, which is an infection of the ear canal or outer ear, commonly called "swimmer's ear"
- Acute otitis media, commonly called a middle ear infection, in children with ear tubes
- Chronic otitis media in people with tympanic membrane (eardrum) holes.


The idea is simple, withdraw much of the so-called road improvements which means traffic has to travel much further than it did in the past. Road planners should not be full time in the one city, as they tinker around with changes roads to keep themselves occupied. There should be a central core of road planners, shared between towns and cities, so only urgent and worthwhile improvements are made. Worwhile means, does it make it shorter to get from A to B. This will reduce local government costs, reduce tax spent, increase journy times, and considerably reduce the fuel spent going the long way to get to ones destination.
Why is this idea important?
Edinburgh is a prime example of road manipulation which has gone to far. When the original planners put in the 'New Town' in the 1850's, no-one would think of making horses go for the distances that car drivers are now expected to travel to get from one one side of the city to another, in some cases trying to get to the next street can take half a mile by car, and this is before the tram debacle. The problem extends to other cities in the UK, you can see your destination, but you can't reach it due to the number of one-way signs.
The government could easily do an exercise to prove the costs in fuel by looking at the delivery distances from thirty years ago within cities and today. By multiplying these costs I am convinced the cost to business, and to the environment in fuel usage will be substantial.
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In order to highlight the benefits of an IPv6-based IoT, in this page we present three different use cases that have been implemented in the context of the IoT6 project. They show well how it is possible to interconnect different devices, and create interactions between different services. In detail, first, we illustrate the integration of legacy building automation devices into a homogeneous IoT IPv6-based smart office. Then, an advanced scenario regarding building safety is described. And finally, in the last use case, focused on building maintenance, we describes the replacement of a faulty device.
Use case 1: Smart Office and legacy devices Integration
As there still exists a heterogeneous landscape and large variety of legacy devices and networks in the building automation domain, their integration into the Internet through a single interface is still a challenge to face. But, actually it can be addressed by IPv6 and the IoT. In the presented Smart Office scenario, several automation devices of different legacy networks (i.e., BACnet, KNX) are integrated through a gateway which is responsible for translating legacy protocol messages into IPv6 packages and providing a homogeneous view on the underlying heterogeneous networks and associated devices.
Figure - Use case 1: smart office presence detection
The Smart Office use case starts when an employee enters the building and presents his/her RFID badge to the system's RFID reader. As the RFID reader is IPv6-enabled it may directly communicate with the CMS using IPv6. The CMS subsequently chooses the employee's comfort profile for his/her office and sends settings and commands to the IoT6 GW which integrates devices of the particular office into the IoT. The IoT6 GW controls a variety of different devices from heterogeneous building automation
networks and masks this heterogeneity by providing a uniform IPv6 interface for all devices. The IoT6 Gateway can in further consequence be used to set user-defined preferences for the employee in his/her office. In the example case, the heating actuator setpoint (H) and two brightness actuators (L) integrated through a BACnet network are adjusted. At the same time, also the position of the sunblind (B) which is controlled via a KNX network is adapted according to user preferences. For the CMS, the idiosyn-crasies of the different underlying legacy networks make no difference as the IoT6 Gateway transparently integrates these devices into the IoT allowing to adjust them in a uniform way.
A similar situation to the one illustrated in Figure can be observed when the employee leaves the office building. As soon as he/she provides his/her RFID badge to the RFID reader, the CMS is informed that the employee is about to leave the building. In this case, the CMS can execute an energy-saving rule which turns off all devices in the employee's office. Alternatively, a presence sensor in the office combined with a time-out could be used to detect absence and initiate the energy-saving scenario.
Use Case 2: Safety alert and dynamic routing
The second use case, slightly more complex than the first one, is focused on an emergency situation and the capabilities of an IoT architecture to deal with this. As initial setup for this use case, an IPv6-enabled temperature sensor (S) is considered which periodically sends an update of the sensed temperature value to a Control and Management System (CMS) available as service in the IoT. The starting point for this use case is a sensor that reads a temperature which is too high (i.e., outside the boundaries of usual operation). The Control and Management System detects this abnormality and flags the received message as an alert message. It sends the value to a smart router which is a component in the IoT that according to the type of the message may take different routing decisions. If a normal temperature message is received the smart router sends the temperature messages to a Building Energy Management Server (BEMS) that may be responsible for logging and reporting the energy demand of a building. In the present case (excessive temperature), however, the smart router detects the priority of the message (alert) and according to the tagging carried out by the CMS forwards the value to a specific Safety Server (StS) which is responsible for handling alert situations. As the StS receives the abnormal value it firstly contacts the Global Resource Directory (GRD) to gather information about the location of the sensor. If the StS already has a list of alarm devices with their location it can compare the location of stored devices with the location of the temperature sensor to directly turn on an IPv6-enabled alarm device (A) in the vicinity of the alert situation. If the StS has no pre-stored alarm devices for the area for which the alarm was reported, it is possible to issue another query to the GRD service requesting alarm devices that are in the vicinity (e.g., found in 15 meters radius) of the alert. Any device capable of signaling an alarm which is found can subsequently be switched on. Further, the StS may have a list of mobile phones of persons in charge for alert situations (e.g., fire wardens, system engineers). In this case, the CMS has to gather information about the current location of the IPv6-enabled mobile phones from the Global Resource Directory through an additional query. After it received this information, the CMS can inform responsible persons near the area of interest about the alert situation via their mobile phones. As shown in the Figure, all communication is handled via IPv6 which emphasizes the diversity of devices and components that may be integrated in the IoT. If legacy devices are involved, either on the sensor or on the actuator side, again an IoT6 Gateway can be used for integration as described before.
Figure - Use case 2: safety alert
Use case 3: Building maintenance
The third use case is related with building service maintenance. It involves a variety of IoT components and demonstrates how these components in combination with IPv6 communication can be used to detect device failures in a building and investigate as well as fix the cause. In the shown case, a number of sensors are connected to the IoT through an IoT6 gateway (IoT6 GW) which assures that all legacy sensors can be accessed in a uniform way through IPv6 communication (as in the Use Case 1). This use case starts with the failure of a legacy component in the subnet controlled by a specific IoT6 gateway, e.g., a temperature sensor. Usually, a Control and Management System (CMS) observes the value of a temperature sensor to, for example, detect safety situations or perform energy reporting (as in Use Case 2). In the case an observed sensor silently fails, a time-out occurs at the CMS, indicating that something is wrong with the device. A message is generated at the Control and Management System and sent to the Maintenance Tool (MaT) for further examination. In its simplest form, the Maintenance Tool could also run on a local CMS but presently is pictured as global service in the IoT cloud. As soon as the MaT gets the message about the failure of a device, it creates an alert ticket and sends out failure notifications to a variety of mobile phones of responsible persons (e.g., system engineers). The group of recipients may again be based on the current location of the mobile phones for which a lookup call to the Global Resource Directory would be necessary (as in Use Case 2). A person associated with one of the contacted mobile phones seeks out the faulty device and uses a maintenance app on the mobile phone to scan its RFID tag. The information is relayed to the MaT which needs to find out the device which is associated to the respective RFID tag. Therefore, it queries the Global Resource Directory (GRD) for the location of the Smart Things Information Service (STIS), a database-like service that keeps associations between RFID tags and devices. The MaT further sends back information to the maintenance app running at the mobile device providing the system engineer with more information about the device. With the help of this information, the engineer has the possibility to run diagnostics on the device. In this case, the CMS further acts as an intermediary between Maintenance Tool and the IoT6 Gateway, accepting and relaying messages from the Maintenance Tool to the IoT6 Gateway. In case the device's defectiveness is confirmed, a replacement order needs to be made. This order can again be performed using the MaT. The information previously retrieved from the STIS may in this case further be used to directly order the spare part from an Inventory Management System (IMS), another service in the IoT. If the address of the IMS is not yet known by the MaT, it first again has to issue a request to the GRD. Alternatively, the IMS may be part of the maintenance tool in which case the separation of the two services can be omitted.
Figure - Use case 3: building maintenance


Sweet basil cure respiratory problems
Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) known as Tiruneetrupachai in Tamil is a herb that grows in multiple climatic conditions. It is an aromatic plant that also finds its use in multiple cuisines for its flavour. The plants including leaves, stem, roots, flowers and seeds have medicinal properties and find their use in traditional Indian medicine. In this recipe, the use of sweet basil to cure respiratory disorders is the focus.
Health benefits of Sweet basil
The health benefits of Sweet Basil (Thiruneetrupachai) are many. We have just explained a few of their benefits in the points below.
 1. Sweet basil leaves can be chewed on to remove intestinal worms including tape worms.
 2. A concoction made using sweet basil leaves, pepper and ginger can help to reduce the symptoms of fever.
 3. The flowers can be used to cure indigestion. A decoction or concoction made using Sweet basil flowers can be consumed multiple times a day to cure indigestion and nausea.
 4. The leaves are an excellent remedy to treat cough. The leaves are more effective in the case of whooping cough. Since the leaves taste good, they can also be given to kids regularly.
 5. The extract of sweet basil leaves is dropped in the nostrils to cure respiratory disorders including whooping cough. This also helps to get rid of phlegm in the chest and brings it out.
 6. A paste made using sweet basil leaves and turmeric can be applied on ringworm affected areas to cure the infection.
 7. Leaves extract has also been beneficial in reducing the symptoms of constipation and regulating bowel movement.
It is good to include the leaves in soups, salads and any other recipe where they would add flavour. There are no side effects and is good to build immunity in children.
Here is the recipe to use Sweet basil for curing respiratory disorders in kids.
Sweet Basil to cure respiratory disorders – DIY
 - 15-20 leaves Sweet Basil leaves (Tiruneetrupachai in Tamil)
 - 2 teaspoons Honey
 - 300 ml Water
 1. Take fresh leaves of Sweet Basil, filtered water and organic honey for this remedy.
 2. Take the leaves in a mortar after washing them well.
 3. Add a teaspoon or two of water.
 4. Semi crush the leaves to get some of the extract.
 5. Transfer the crushed leaves and extract to a small jar. You can use glass or silver ware. Kindly avoid plastic.
 6. Pour hot water on the leaves.
 7. Close the jar and let the leaves steep for about an hour.
 8. Open the jar. The water would have come to room temperature by now. Add two teaspoons of honey and stir once.
 9. Done. Give this multiple times a day to your kid in small doses.
Give your kids 2 to 3 teaspoons of the extract multiple times (4-5 times) a day.
Continue till all symptoms are gone.
Ramya Srinivasan, PDGBA, earned her Master's degree in Business. As a result of her passion in native medicine, she got her Diploma in Traditional Siddha Medicine from Bharat Sevak Samaj registered under the Indian Planning Commission. She is certified by Stanford University School of Medicine in Introduction to Food and Health.


What Is The Goal Of Politics?
3 Answers
Trish McCartney Profile
Trish McCartney answered
What is the goal of politics and politicians?
The goal of politics is to exercise, achieve and apply power and authority.
Politics can be used by many entities such as government, individuals and organizations.
The goals of politics can be numerous and often diffuse:
 - Lower-level management can use politics to get higher incentives and wages for themselves.
 - Supervisors can exercise their power and authority to get the required results from their immediate subordinates and lower-level employees.
 - Some people use politics negatively to obtain a certain social position, status, wealth and success.
 - Others can obtain authority and power as a part of their position in society such as mayors, presidents, supervisors or bosses etc.
Therefore, we could say that the goal of politics is always about achieving or using power for an individual's or a group's advantage.
However, the goals of politics and politicians are not always as cynical as they sometimes seem. Politics can also be used to achieve positive outcomes - such as increasing the productivity of a nation, increasing team-work, and the implementation of projects and tasks.
Anonymous Profile
Anonymous answered
What is the source and goal of politics?
 - Politics: Applied authority in order to influence a chosen support group in order to push an agenda.
 - From high school to adulthood, we function in a society with competing agendas and there is only so much room at the top.
 - In order to achieve the top positions, politics come into play. Just think about who gets selected for promotion? They are not always the best candidate, but the person whom the boss thinks is the best.
Why did the boss choose person A over person B? The answer is because the selected person is the best political fit in order to keep the current culture going. That is politics.
The person at the top chooses, the staff supports, and in order to get into that political culture you have to play the boss's game and make him/her happy. This is true of almost every aspect of life, unfortunately.
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text:
Bootstrapping of a rule based English-Bangla machine translation system using work done for a sister language
AuthorTahin, E.M. Yeaseenur Rahman
MetadataShow full item record
The idea of machine translation is not new and started from 17th century. The purpose of machine translation is to translate one human language to other human language. By saying human language it meansBangla, English, Spanish, Hindi etc. Human language is ambiguas. So, a perfect machine translation system is very difficult to develop and yet to be done. Companies like Yahoo, Google etc. has their own research team researching on this issue to make machine translation more perfect. The whole idea of machine translation is not to do the perfect translation but to generate understandable translated sentences with the same meaning as the source sentences. English is the most researched language in this field and it is now possible to translate English to many other languages and vice versa. However, for Bangla no good translator is done yet. „Anubadok‟ was a good attempt but it lacks proper computational grammar for Bangla. So, I decided to work on a rule based machine translation system for English to Bangla machine translation. Recently „Center for Research on Urdu Language Processing (CRULP)‟ open sourced their English to Urdu machine translation system. As Urdu is a sister language of Bangla there is a lot of similarities between these two languages in both sentence structure and grammar. So, in my thesis semester I studied their system and figured out the way to use their system for English to Bangla translation. This report contains all steps for downloading and setting up the system, how that system works and how we can use this system for translating English to Bangla.


How Did We Find About The Universe 1985
How Did We Find About The Universe 1985
by Guy 3.7
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text:
Authors: Anne Fredell, Jake Coolidge, Martin Lewis
The Demic Atlas project provides an alternative to the standard state-based system of mapping socio-economic data at the global scale. Whereas the independent countries that form the basic units of conventional maps vary in population by more than five orders of magnitude, the elemental units of the alternative scheme are defined at the same demographic scale, each containing roughly 100 million inhabitants. Such "demic regions," constructed from aggregations of smaller countries and divisions of larger ones, and are designed to group together areas of similar socio-economic standing. By employing such demographically comparable units, the Demic Atlas seeks to uncover patterns of spatial variation in global development that remains invisible on conventional maps.
The visualization presented here allows the ready comparison of social and economic mapping within the state-based and demic frameworks. Three standard measurements of development are mapped: 1. nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which measures the total value (in US $) of goods and services produced in a given year in a specific territory; 2. GDP in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), which takes into account the fact that the same amount of money can purchase different quantities of goods and services in different parts of the world; and 3. the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite statistic that considers life expectancy, educational attainment, and economic production. Figures for nominal GDP and GDP in PPP are mapped in both aggregate and per capita terms. By clicking on the appropriate buttons, a viewer can toggle between demic and state-based maps of the same indicators, allowing one to see how the representation of global development changes according the spatial framework employed.
As the visualization shows, the demic maps capture the internal differentiation of large countries that remains invisible in the standard framework. Such differences are particularly notable in regard to the world's demographic giants, China and India. Whereas the state-based maps show China as exhibiting moderately low levels of development, the demic maps portray the same area as divided between a relatively prosperous coastal region and a lagging interior zone. The demic scheme also depicts broad patterns relatively well, showing, for example, the much higher levels of development found in southern South America than in the central portion of the continent. The low standing of tropical Africa is also revealed more clearly in the demic maps, particularly that of the Human Development Index. The conventional maps, however, better depict local variation. Countries that have substantially higher (Gabon) or lower (Haiti) socio-economic indicators than their neighbors stand out on the state-based maps, yet disappear on the demic maps, where they are submerged within their boarder regional contexts.


Jan. 27.2021
Are Avocados Good for Dogs?
avocado ok for dogs
Every owner of a four-legged friend wants his pet to be healthy and cheerful. Often people, trying to give their pets the most pleasure, decide to expand the diet and feed the dog "something tasty". Some fruits and vegetables can be good for a pet's body, but the owner must be firmly aware of what is allowed and what is not!
In this article, we will analyze an ingredient in one of the most popular healthy breakfast foods and guacamole and answer why can t dogs eat avocado.
Is Avocado Safe for Dogs?
can you feed dogs avocado
There is no definite answer. Avocados can be beneficial. However, there are also the dangers of eating this fruit by the dog. Experts say that avocado bad for dogs or at least useless unless it is properly prepared. But the danger of harming the body exists!
The controversy about the usefulness of the product is caused by the toxic substance "persin." It can cause allergic reactions and intestinal disorders. The main content of the toxin is found in unripe fruits, but in ripe avocados the percentage of persin is minimal. The problem is that it is rare to find a ripe fruit with minimal levels of the harmful substance on store shelves.
This toxin is most dangerous to:
 - Poultry;
 - Cattle;
 - Pets.
Dogs, like humans, are highly resistant to the trace elements contained in the fruit. And for optimum results, you must carefully prepare the avocado before eating it:
 - Feed your dog only ripe fruit;
 - Remove the skin completely;
 - Do not feed the stems or leaves;
 - Observe the proportions and dosage.
With this approach, avocados can be a healthy addition to the main diet. But, if you're not sure, limit it to the food. Quality food has all the nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, microorganisms, etc.
Can Dog Have Avocado?
why cannot dogs eat avocado
Experts warn: feeding your dog an avocado can cause the following side effects:
 - Nasal congestion;
 - Respiratory problems;
 - Coughing;
 - Sneezing;
 - Vomiting;
 - Diarrhea;
 - Possible fluid accumulation in the heart muscle area.
If any of the above symptoms are identified, it is recommended that you see a veterinarian for consultation and, if needed, preventive treatment.
Food Categories
Even fruits and vegetables cooked properly can cause GI distress. Especially if consumed in large portions. An increased risk to the health of the dog is a high fat, protein content. Animals with a weakened immune system are at risk.
For the same reasons, it is not advisable to expand the diet of young dogs, puppies, whose age has not reached 1 year. The internal organs are still forming and this requires special attention and care on the part of the owners.
The unconfirmed fetus should not be given to a pregnant individual. The body of the female is already experiencing increased stress, pregnancy is definitely not the time for experimentation.
Older animals are at risk. The aging organism should not be burdened with heavy food with dubious usefulness. It is better to support the diet with appropriate food. Quality food carefully balances all the basic elements necessary to maintain health, the variety does not matter, the main thing is maturity.
Avocado OK for Dogs Only If
can dogs eat avocado skin
If the decision to periodically feed your dog an avocado is made, the following conditions must be met:
 1. Consult a veterinarian;
 2. Determine the dosage;
 3. Choose quality, ripe fruits.
It is important that the product does not contain any harmful substances and additives. Before taking the fruit, make sure that there are no skins, leaves, stems. The best solution is to mix the pieces with other foods your dog usually eats.
What You Can Use as a Substitute
Offer your pet an equally nutritious pumpkin or an almost completely safe zucchini. Any responsible pet owner should know that you should talk to your vet before you introduce anything new to your dog's diet. can you feed dogs avocado
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text:
Wiki: The Pine Processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is a moth of the family Thaumetopoeidae. It is sometimes placed in the genus Traumatocampa. It is an abundant species of pine woods in central and southern Europe, and an important economic pest. The species is notable for the behaviour of its caterpillar larvae, which overwinter in tent-like nests high in pine trees, and which process through the woods in nose-to-tail columns..
source: Caterpillar caravan


How do I add different options or variants of the same product to my Website Builder shopping cart?
Our Website Builder shopping cart makes it easy to sell different forms of the same product. For example, you can add different sizes and colors for a t-shirt. You can add this to your product from within our shopping cart editor in our variants section.
To add options and variants to your product:
 1. Sign in to your Dynadot account.
 4. Click on the "Shopping Cart" (the one that looks like a cart) on the left-hand tool bar.
 5. Select the "Inventory" tab and select the product you want to add a variant to or click on "Add Product" to add a new product.
 6. Under the variants section, you will see two options: Add Option and Add Variant.
 7. Before you can add a variant of your product, you must first add an option. In the example above, you would need to add color as your option.
 8. Click the "Add Option" button and enter the option you want to add and the default value.
 9. Once you click save, the option you added will show along the top row along with the product's SKU, Price, Stock, Weight, Dimensions, and whether it's hidden or visible.
 10. Once you've added your product options, click on "Add Variant".
 11. This will create another product row where you can adjust the options available. For example, the top row can represent a red t-shirt and the next row down can represent a white t-shirt.
 12. To adjust the options for your variant, click on the Edit button or to delete it, click the trash button.
 13. Click the "Save" button on the top left on the screen to finalize your changes.
To view your options on the product page:
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text:
The Senate's version of the Farm Bill Slashes $4.1 Billion in Food Stamps For Veterans, Seniors, and Food Insecure Families.. Gillibrand is speaking out....
Read More »
LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES TASK FORCE RELEASES WATER FLEA SPREAD PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS
The Lake Champlain Basin Aquatic Invasive Species Rapid Response Task Force today released seven recommendations to slow the spread of spiny water flea into Lake Champlain. The Task Force identifies preventing the flow of excess waters from the Glens Falls Feeder Canal to Lake Champlain by diverting that flow into the Hudson River drainage as the most effective option to slow the spread of spiny water flea. The Task Force also seeks completion of a feasibility study to identify a hydrologic barrier to prevent the movement of aquatic plants and animals between the Champlain and Hudson Watersheds through the Champlain Canal system. This long-term solution will prevent the canal system from serving as a vector for any aquatic invasive species from moving in and out of the Lake Champlain Basin. The Task Force recognizes that the quick closure of the Champlain Canal and Glens Falls Feeder Canal, which could control and eradicate spiny water flea, is not technically, legally or economically feasible. After monitoring and sampling efforts determined the presence of spiny water flea in the Champlain Canal and the Glens Falls Feeder Canal in June, the Task Force undertook a significant process to identify and review a number of options to prevent the spread of spiny water flea to Lake Champlain. The Task Force carefully considered the effectiveness and technical feasibility of implementing behavioral, chemical, biological, physical or mechanical interventions in the Champlain Canal to prevent the introduction of spiny water flea to Lake Champlain. The Task Force recommends the following actions be taken to slow the spread of spiny water flea and prevent future introductions of aquatic invasive species in the canal:
1. Pursue options to redirect surplus flow in the Champlain Canal into the Hudson River side of the system and away from Lake Champlain side of the system as it is currently directed.
2. Undertake the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Champlain Canal Barrier Feasibility Study to identify means of developing a hydrologic barrier in the canal system.
3. Increase and enhance sampling efforts by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in the Champlain Canal and Glens Falls Feeder Canal to determine the extent and levels of spiny water flea populations in those waters.
4. Issue a public service announcement from the New York Canal Corporation alerting canal traffic about the presence of spiny water flea and educating boaters and anglers how to prevent its spread.
5. Build a predictive model of lake susceptibility to spiny water flea with support from the Lake Champlain Basin Aquatic Nuisance Species Subcommittee to identify the lakes most susceptible to invasion by the spiny water flea. Target those lakes for intensive education and outreach spread prevention efforts.
6. Expand the lake steward/greeter program and provide more information on spiny water flea, and pursue stewards dedicated to the canal system.
7. Seek the resources to print significant numbers of spiny water flea watch cards, and distribute them and other aquatic nuisance species spread prevention information to canal users and other key user groups.
A detailed report on the Task Forces efforts and recommendations regarding spiny water flea may be viewed and downloaded on the Lake Champlain Basin Program's web site at _URL_


text:
What is a test pattern?
It is a picture or pattern that is broadcasted so that the quality of the television picture received can be examined and improved if necessary by using the controls on the equipment.
History of test pattern
During 1939, the Indian Head test pattern was developed for testing. It often appeared just before the broadcasting started in the morning and just after the broadcast ended at night. The Indian head image was integrated into lines and patterns which was used for calibrating broadcast equipment. This was then later replaced by color bars when in the year 1960 the color television made its debut.
Color test pattern
Color test patterns is the process through which one can recognize patterns using a machine learning algorithm. Pattern recognition can also be defined as the classification of data based on information already gained on statistical information that is taken from patterns and their representation. One of the important aspects of pattern recognition is the application potential.


text:
Why do Japanese always win the Nobel Prize? These 9 educational methods are worth learning
What made the Japanese always win the Nobel Prize for many years? The emphasis and respect for scientific research from the top to bottom, the inheritance and development of the "artisan spirit", and the enthusiasm for educational change, etc., are worth learning and thinking.
Winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo (right)
In 2001, Japan introduced the "Second Science and Technology Basic Plan", which is ambitious to say that it is necessary to take 30 Nobel Prizes in "50 years," from Japan to the international community.. Previously, in the 100-year history of the Nobel Prize, Japan, the world's economic power, had only nine winners.
From 2001 to 2018, Japan took one in an average year, 18 in 18 years, the planned time has not yet passed more than a half, has completed more than one-half of the target number, according to the rhythm of one year one prize, "50 years win 30 prizes" target, almost no suspense.
Tasuku Honjo is the 26th Japanese to win the Nobel Prize and the 5th Japanese to receive a physiology or medicine award. Japan surpassed Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, becoming the second largest " big prize winner" after the United States, 23 of which were natural science awards.
The Japanese won the Nobel Prize for years, and they cannot do without the support of the Japanese government for the long-term stability of basic research. As early as 1995, the Japanese national assembly passed the Basic law on science and technology, and subsequently formulated several five-year plans. In January last year, the Japanese Cabinet reviewed and approved the Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan (2016-2020). The plan proposes to build Japan into the "world's most suitable country for innovation" in the next 10 years.
The Japanese also have an admirable "artisan spirit." The so-called "artisan spirit" is to do only one thing in a lifetime, and to achieve the ultimate in this matter.
It is also particularly noteworthy that most of the Japanese Nobel Prize-winning scientists have a relatively good childhood, like to be close to nature, to explore nature,like to read,good at read, and parent to play an important role in enlightenment and guidance during their growth..
- Contacting nature to create curiosity is the "origin" of scientific research
"When one is young, through contact with nature, create the initial and naive interest and desire to explore. This is a very important science enlightenment education and the way to produce a generation of science giants." Nobel, winner of the 2016 annual prize in physiology or medicine, Daisumi Yoshinori said.
Since childhood, the Daisumi Yoshinori like nature very much. Collecting insects is a big hobby. He is also the editor of the primary school science textbook. In his view, letting children fall in love with nature, fall in love with science, and have valuable curiosity about the world is the starting point for everything.
When I was a child, I was keen on making airplane models and semiconductor radios. In summer, I like fishing in rivers, catching fireflies and collecting insects, and walking in the field with a hand-held net is a day. pluck wild celery, Akebia, Myrica rubra, wild strawberry are able to experience the four seasons of nature.Looking up and seeing the stars in the sky makes it easy to identify the constellation, and the Milky Way is like a river on the ground. These were not thought of at the time, but today, as a researcher in molecular biology in the natural sciences, such an experience is the origin of everything. "
When the Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, Mr. Shimomura, talked about why he was on the road to science, he said: "I don't do research for application or any other benefit. I just want to understand why the jellyfish shines." It should be said that. Maintaining curiosity in nature and the world around it is the direct reason for leading Nobel laureates into the world of research.
In 1973, the Nobel Prize winner in physics, Yoshiaki Saki, had this sentiment: a person who came into contact with nature at an early age gave birth to the original, naive exploration interest and desire. This is a very important scientific enlightenment education. The road to a generation of scientific masters. should be cherished, carefully cultivated, motivated and cared for.
From the speeches and writings of several winners, it is obvious that reading is important to their growth, and several of them have strengthened their life direction because of reading.
In 2002, Nobel Prize in Physics, Masatoshi Koshiba, frankly stated in the book "I am not a good student". When he was in elementary school, the class teacher Jin Yingfu sent him a book - how Einstein's "How Physics Produced" made him Great interest in physics and eventually embarked on the path of physics research.
Fukui Kenichi, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1981, wrote in "The Straight Words Education": "In my entire junior high school and high school age, the most influential to me was Fabre, who I can call the teacher of the soul, It has played a very important role in my life. "
In 1994, Nobel Prize winner Kenzaburo Oe had the habit of copying books From childhood. He confessed in his book: "To write a lot of notes for reading, and to continue this way of reading, I have achieved what I am here today."
Family education focuses on cultivating children's self-reliance
If reading is an intrinsic factor in the success of Nobel winners, good family education is an essential external condition.
The 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Ryoji Noyori, said that his determination to study chemistry is the influence of his father. At the age of 12, his father took him to a company's new product show. A new yellow nylon wire extracted from water, air and coal made him feel that "chemistry is amazing", and since then he Life is inseparable from chemistry.
Fukui Kenichi was influenced by his father to develop a habit of studying hard and thinking hard. He wrote in the book: "As for learning, parents have adopted a non-intervention attitude and have never said "to study hard". However, my family often hangs over the serious atmosphere that makes children want to learn involuntarily."
Like China, Japan has always attached importance to family education. The family pays attention to cultivating the child's self-reliance and instilling the idea of not relying on parents. After the Japanese students are admitted to the university, the tuition fees are the responsibility of the parents, but the living expenses outside the tuition fees must be earned by working on their own, otherwise they will be laughed at by the classmates and the society.
Numerous educational experiments，A large number of educational experiments to promote the connection between education and reality
In 2014, Haiyam, Japan, children playing in the indoor playground
Japanese education, like some Eastern countries,There are drawbacks such as indoctrination, re examination and so on.. However, Japan was influenced by the new education movement and pragmatic education before the Second World War, and the masses also carried out a large number of educational experiments, which greatly promoted the connection between education and real life.
After the war, Japan also absorbed the educational theories and experiences of Western developed countries in the process of continuous exploration. For example, kindergartens and elementary schools in Japan do not only emphasize knowledge learn, but emphasize children's life experience. Compared with basic education, Japanese secondary schools have a tendency to test. That were once more serious, but high school has a credit system. The student relatively large freedom of choice course.
Japan's basic education attaches great importance to carrying out a variety of extracurricular activities. Many schools mobilize nearly all the teachers in the school to participate in the guidance of extracurricular club activities, and even some student activities (such as the National High School baseball Tournament, the National Student and Children's Invention Exhibition, etc.) Become a grand event of concern to all citizens.
Japan has also established a number of off-campus educational institutions (such as youth homes) to expand the horizons of young people. The company is also keen to organize various science and technology competitions and other activities to stimulate children's creative enthusiasm. All these systems or measures help students to form a wide range of interests and hobbies, and lay a solid foundation for future career development.
Scientific research requires sensibility and intuition, and the best time to cultivate this sensibility and intuition is a boyhood that is full of mud.
According to expert analysis, Japanese research universities have always turned their attention to the forefront of the world and closely integrated it with teaching. Japanese university professors are also engaged in the process of scientific research and The degree of freedom is quite high.
In Japan, university teachers are not afraid of being neglected or losing their jobs because have not produced scientific research results for a period of time. In the process of research, they are seldom disturbed by government and society, such as assessment and evaluation, and can devote themselves to research for a long time. The Japanese won the Nobel prize under this system.
Japan's science and technology infrastructure plan is not directly involved in management and review by the government, but by professional institutions. Scholars who receive program funding need to conduct research intensively. The research results are not assessed by the administrative department, but by academic peers.
"Japan has produced so many Nobel laureates, and it is not unrelated to Japanese scientists to focus on international exchanges


UK Government Voice Encryption Standard Built for Key Escrow, Surveillance
"MIKEY supports EDH but MIKEY-SAKKE works in a way much closer to email encryption. The initiator of a call generates key material, uses SAKKE to encrypt it to the other communication partner (responder), and sends this message to the responder during the set-up of the call. However, SAKKE does not require that the initiator discover the responder's public key because it uses identity-based encryption (IBE)," Dr. Steven Murdoch of University College London's Department of Computer Science, wrote in a new analysis of the security of the Secure Chorus standard.
"In conventional public key systems each party generates their own private key and distributes their public key to anyone who needs it but in an IBE system, all private keys are generated by the network provider from their master private key."
"Secure Chorus facilitates undetectable mass surveillance."
That master key needs to be permanently available so that users can access it, making it a natural target for attackers. But the bigger issue is that it would enable network providers to decrypt calls.
"The existence of a master private key that can decrypt all calls past and present without detection, on a computer permanently available, creates a huge security risk, and an irresistible target for attackers. Also calls which cross different network providers (e.g. between different companies) would be decrypted at a gateway computer, creating another location where calls could be eavesdropped," Murdoch wrote.
Like many other countries, the U.K. has been in the throes of a public and private debate over Internet and phone surveillance since the start of the Edward Snowden revelations several years ago. The surveillance programs revealed by the Snowden have included many run by the GCHQ and NSA, some jointly, some separately. U.K. officials have been discussing the possibility recently of banning or severely restricting strong encryption.
The Secure Chorus standard is in use for some government and intelligence communications in the U.K. now and the GCHQ could use its authority to mandate its use in the public sector and some critical infrastructure organizations, as well. The agency has a program called Commercial Product Assessment to certify encryption products for use in classified government applications, and it has said it will certify only products that implement Secure Chorus.
All of which does not bode well for the security of users' voice communications.
"Although the words are never used in the specification, MIKEY-SAKKE supports key escrow. That is, if the network provider is served with a warrant or is hacked into it is possible to recover responder private keys and so decrypt past calls without the legitimate communication partners being able to detect this happening," Murdoch wrote in his analysis.
"Secure Chorus facilitates undetectable mass surveillance, in a way that EDH based key encryption schemes would not. This is presented as a feature rather than bug, with the motivating case in the GCHQ documentation being to allow companies to listen to their employees calls when investigating misconduct, such as in the financial industry."
The way that the standard is designed, there's no good way to implement it without the key escrow mechanism, Murdoch said.
"By design there is always a third party who generates and distributes the private keys for all users. This third party therefore always has the ability to decrypt conversations which are encrypted using these private keys," Murdoch said by email.
He added that the design of Secure Chorus "is not an accident." There are existing protocols, such as ZRTP, that can accomplish the security tasks Secure Chorus is supposed to, but without the backdoor access of key escrow. However, GCHQ has eschewed those in favor of its own design.
"The claim that GCHQ make is that existing protocols do not support the necessary "scale and usability requirements" but this does not sound plausible to me. The only explanation that I think remains is that GCHQ want people to use encryption systems which permit undetectable mass surveillance," Murdoch said by email.
Image from Flickr stream of Zarko Drincic.


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Grape (Vitis)
Color of berry skin Blanc
Species Vitis vinifera
Also called See list of synonyms
Origin France
Notable regions Australia, South Africa
Crouchen is a white South African and Australian wine grape variety that originated in the western Pyrenees of France but is now virtually extinct in France due to its high susceptibility to fungal diseases like powdery and downy mildew. The grape is known under a wide variety of synonyms including Clare Riesling and Cape Riesling though it is not related to the well known international variety Riesling.[1] Recent European Union regulation aimed at standardizing wine labelling laws has encouraged wineries to move away from these synonyms but their use still persists.[2]
Records indicate that Crouchen was first shipped from France to the Clare Valley of South Australia in 1850. From there the grape became misidentified as both Semillon and Riesling before eventually being considered by the Australians to be a new variety known as Clare Riesling. In 1976 ampelographer Paul Truel positively identified the vines growing in Australia as the French variety Crouchen.[1]
Wine regions[edit]
In the early 1990s there over 1000 acres (420 hectares) of Crouchen growing throughout Australia but its numbers have been steadily declining over the past few decades.[3] Here is it is primarily used as a blending variety to enhance the aromas of white wines.[1]
It is still widely grown in South Africa, accounting for almost 3% of all of South Africa's vineyards, with more than 7900 acres (3200 ha) planted mostly in the Paarl and Stellenbosch regions.[3] Here the variety is known as Cape Riesling but is often simply called Riesling as opposed to the German wine grape Riesling that is known in South Africa as Weisser or White Riesling. Wine expert Jancis Robinson notes that some examples of Cape Riesling do have the potential to age and improve in the bottle.[1] Oz Clarke notes that some the best examples of Crouchen can be "fairly steely".[3]
Crouchen is also known under the synonyms Basque, Cape Riesling, Cheri Cerratia, Clare Riesling, Cougnet, Crochenta, Crouchen Blanc, Cruchen, Cruchen Blanc, Cruchenta, Cruchenton Blanc, Grand Blanc, Kaapse Riesling, Messanges Blanc, Navarre Blanc, Paarl Riesling, Riesling, Riesling Vert, S. A. Riesling, Sable Blanc, Sales Blanc, Trouchet Blanc, and Zurizerratia.[4]
 1. ^ a b c d J. Robinson Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes pg 53 Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 0-19-860098-4
 2. ^ T. Stevenson The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia Fifth Edition pg 51 Dorling Kindersley (2011) ISBN 9780756686840
 3. ^ a b c Oz Clarke Encyclopedia of Grapes pg 85 Harcourt Books 2001 ISBN 0-15-100714-4
 4. ^ Crouchen, Vitis International Variety Catalogue, accessed 2010-07-14


(redirected from Re-entrant code)
Also found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
also re-en·trant (rē-ĕn′trənt)
1. Reentering; pointing inward.
2. Music Of or relating to strings that, when plucked in order, make a discontinuously rising and falling sequence of pitches: a lute with reentrant tuning.
A reentrant angle or part.
(riˈɛn trənt)
1. a reentering angle or part.
2. a person or thing that reenters or returns.
3. reentering or pointing inward: a reentrant angle.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Adj.1.reentrant - (of angles) pointing inward; "a polygon with re-entrant angles"
References in periodicals archive?
Since a TFH can be called at any time, it must be designed as re-entrant code, similar to that used for interrupt and signal handling.
High-level languages such as C do not provide the necessary functions for creating re-entrant code. As a result, this code must be written in assembly language, and it is usually not portable.
The program counter is then modified to contain the start address of the generic TFH re-entrant code. As a result, the next instruction executed by the thread will be the TFH.


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Logo of Hong Kong Museum of History
Permanent Exhibitions
Opium Wars Heading
After the defeat in the First Opium War, Hong Kong was ceded to Britain, an event which proved to be a watershed in the history of the territory. This gallery outlines the Opium Wars, their causes, the way they unfolded and the consequences. Going back to events before the Wars, visitors can trace the discovery of the new sea route from Europe to Asia, the arrival of the Portuguese in Macau and their mercantile activities there, the institution of the 13 Hongs Guangzhou, and early Sino-British relations. To complete the events relating to the territory, the ceding of Kowloon and the loan of the New Territories to Britain are recorded. On display are two historically significant monuments : the Napier Column from the Hong Kong Cemetery and the Fountain Arch originally erected in Possession Point. To create a semblance of the actuality of war, the Bogue Forts, used by Qing soldiers to repulse the British in the First Opium War, has been reconstructed. A video inside the Forts narrates the events leading up to the war, the war itself and its aftermath, designed to give visitors a clear understanding of the First Opium War.
Name of Theatre/Video Show: From Trade to War
Duration: 10 minutes
Capacity: 90
Screened in Cantonese, Putonghua and English by rotation.
Opium Wars Map
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