text:
Discover the Delights of Runner Beans: Elevate Your Home Cooking with this Nutritious Veggie
Runner beans, also known as pole beans or climbing beans, are a versatile and nutritious vegetable that can elevate your home cooking. These vibrant green pods are a staple in many cuisines around the world, prized for their tender texture and delicious flavor. Whether you're a seasoned chef or just starting out in the kitchen, runner beans are a fantastic addition to any meal. In this article, we will explore the health benefits of runner beans, how to grow them in your own garden, popular recipes using this veggie, and tips for cooking them to perfection. Get ready to discover the delights of runner beans and take your cooking skills to new heights!
Health benefits of runner beans
Runner beans are not only delicious, but they also offer numerous health benefits. Packed with essential nutrients, runner beans are a great source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and helps maintain a healthy weight. They are also rich in vitamins A and C, which boost the immune system and promote healthy skin. Additionally, runner beans contain iron and folate, important for red blood cell production and preventing anemia. Incorporating runner beans into your diet can contribute to overall well-being and support a healthy lifestyle.
Growing runner beans in your home garden
Growing runner beans in your home garden is a rewarding experience. These versatile vegetables thrive in warm climates and can be easily grown from seeds. Choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil and plant the seeds directly into the ground or in containers. Provide support for the plants to climb, such as trellises or poles. Water regularly and mulch around the base to retain moisture. With proper care and attention, you'll soon have a bountiful harvest of fresh runner beans to enjoy in your home cooking.
Harvesting and storing runner beans
Harvesting runner beans is an exciting and rewarding experience. Once the pods have reached their full size, usually around 6 to 8 inches long, they are ready to be picked. Gently snap or cut the pods from the plant, being careful not to damage the vines. It's important to harvest regularly to encourage continuous production. Store freshly picked runner beans in a cool place or refrigerate them for up to a week. To store for longer periods, blanch and freeze them. Remember, the fresher the beans, the better they taste!
Popular recipes using runner beans
1. Runner Bean Salad: Toss blanched runner beans with cherry tomatoes, feta cheese, and a lemon vinaigrette for a refreshing summer salad.
2. Runner Bean Stir-Fry: Sauté runner beans with garlic, ginger, and soy sauce for a quick and flavorful side dish.
3. Runner Bean Casserole: Combine cooked runner beans with diced tomatoes, onions, and herbs. Top with breadcrumbs and bake until golden brown for a comforting casserole.
4. Runner Bean Curry: Simmer runner beans in a fragrant curry sauce made with coconut milk, spices, and fresh cilantro. Serve over rice for a satisfying meal.
5. Runner Bean Pasta: Toss cooked runner beans with al dente pasta, olive oil, Parmesan cheese, and fresh herbs for a simple yet delicious weeknight dinner.
These recipes showcase the versatility of runner beans and provide different options to incorporate them into your cooking repertoire.
Tips for cooking runner beans to perfection
Tips for Cooking Runner Beans to Perfection:
1. Blanching: Before cooking, blanch the runner beans in boiling water for a few minutes. This helps retain their vibrant color and crispness.
2. Steaming: Steaming is a great way to cook runner beans while preserving their nutrients. Steam them for about 5-7 minutes until they are tender but still have a slight crunch.
3. Sautéing: Heat some olive oil or butter in a pan and sauté the runner beans with garlic or onions for added flavor. Cook them on medium heat until they are tender but not mushy.
4. Stir-frying: Cut the runner beans into bite-sized pieces and stir-fry them with your favorite vegetables and seasonings. Cook them over high heat for a few minutes until they are crisp-tender.
5. Roasting: Toss the runner beans with olive oil, salt, and pepper, then spread them on a baking sheet. Roast them in the oven at 425°F (220°C) for about 15-20 minutes until they are slightly charred and crispy.
6. Grilling: Brush the runner beans with olive oil and grill them over medium-high heat for about 5-7 minutes per side until they develop grill marks and become tender.
Remember to experiment with different cooking methods to find your preferred texture and taste when cooking runner beans!
Runner beans as a sustainable food choice
Runner beans are not only delicious and nutritious, but they are also a sustainable food choice. They have a low carbon footprint compared to other protein sources such as meat and dairy. Runner beans require minimal water and fertilizer to grow, making them an environmentally friendly option. Additionally, they can be easily grown in your own garden, reducing the need for transportation and packaging. By incorporating runner beans into your cooking repertoire, you are making a positive impact on both your health and the planet.
Runner beans are a versatile and nutritious vegetable that can elevate your home cooking to new heights. With their vibrant color, crisp texture, and delicate flavor, they are a delightful addition to any dish. Whether you choose to enjoy them in salads, stir-fries, soups, or as a side dish, runner beans bring a unique taste and nutritional value to your meals.
By incorporating runner beans into your cooking repertoire, you not only enhance the flavors of your dishes but also reap the numerous health benefits they offer. From providing essential vitamins and minerals to promoting digestion and boosting immunity, these beans are a powerhouse of nutrition.
Growing runner beans in your own garden is not only rewarding but also ensures that you have access to fresh and pesticide-free produce. With proper care and attention, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of runner beans throughout the growing season.
Once harvested, storing runner beans properly will help maintain their freshness and flavor for longer periods. Whether blanching and freezing them or storing them in the refrigerator, following simple storage techniques will ensure that you can enjoy their goodness even after the growing season ends.
To make the most of runner beans in your recipes, try popular dishes like runner bean salad with feta cheese or sautéed runner beans with garlic and lemon zest. These recipes showcase the versatility of this vegetable while adding a burst of flavor to your meals.
When cooking runner beans, it's important to remember some tips for achieving perfection. Blanching before cooking helps retain their vibrant color and crispness. Avoid overcooking them as this can lead to mushiness. Instead, aim for a tender yet slightly crunchy texture by steaming or stir-frying them briefly.
Incorporating runner beans into your diet is not only beneficial for your health but also contributes to sustainable food choices. These legumes require less water than other crops and enrich the soil with nitrogen, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. By choosing runner beans, you are making a positive impact on the environment.
In conclusion, runner beans are a nutritious and delicious addition to your home cooking repertoire. From their health benefits to their versatility in recipes, these beans offer endless possibilities for elevating your culinary creations. So why not embrace the delights of runner beans and discover a whole new world of flavors in your kitchen?
Published: 10. 12. 2023


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm wondering about the pros and cons of storing summed values in a field vs. performing a sum() operation on a separate table. An example would be retrieving a list of items along with the number of purchases for each item. In this case, one could have an Items table and Purchases table whose purchases would need to be summed.
The pros of a summed value:
 - Simpler, faster SQL statements (no JOINs necessary, e.g., Items.item_id=Purchases.item_id)
The pros of sum():
 - Don't have to maintain 2 ways to obtain the values which could get out of sync because they require both an UPDATE and INSERT statements to change them (e.g., an INSERT of the purchase in the Purchases table and an UPDATE of the purchase_count field of Items.
share|improve this question
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
THere is no right answer to such a question. The answer depends entirely on how the data is being used.
Two extremes. If you are rarely querying the data and there are lots of changes to historical data, then your system could spend a lot of effort keeping the sums consistent, when they are not needed.
On the other hand, if the data is "insert-only", and every record is repeatedly retrieved with the sum, then having the sums saves effort.
In general, the tendency is to favor the more normalized approach -- that is, doing the sum() at query time rather than maintaining it as a business rule. One clear advantage is that the values are consistent over time.
A second advantage is that the analytics can vary. Maybe today you need count of items. Maybe next week, you need the count of units. And the count of dollars. Or the net price difference. These change over time. Trying to capture them all up-front is challenging. The solution here is the break the problem into two pieces. Store the normalized data (with no magical sums) in one "database". Store summaries in "data marts" that can be modified to meet end-user goals. The data marts would be updated periodically -- once per day or once per week.
Normalized base data with period summaries is a strong architecture that meets many needs. But, there may be some cases where it is really a better idea to do the calculations on insert/update/delete rather than on select. Because such a solution often involves much more complexity (multiple triggers for instane), it has to justify itself strongly over a more normalized solution.
Wikipedia: Database Normalization
share|improve this answer
add comment
It depends on the application nature and usage.
You should make a calculation or review the usage(for an existing application) about which of the queries are more often. DML types of queries:
 - Summed value approach: suitable for more SELECT queries for browsing items and displaying information regarding the items - for example regular e-shops.
 - Using sum() approach: suitable for more UPDATE/INSERT queries - for example heavy store application that mainly consist of managing the store inventory.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


Monday, December 12, 2011
Xanpan: refining the process
In my last blog entry I discussed a Xanpan board layout which allows for planned and unplanned work to co-exist in one workflow. Here is a picture of the board I had just put together with a team in Cornwall:
This might be the perfect board layout for the team for ever. More likely it can be improved over time - in the words of Kevlin Henney, it is a Stable Intermediary Form.
I think of Xanpan boards like the Pompido centre in Paris, they externalise the plumbing. In this case the workflow and work in progress. You can see the stuff that is normally hidden inside.
My rules are quite straight forward for Xanpan boards:
Stage 1:
 1. Model the current workflow on the board: avoid changing it too much to "how it should be" but you will probably need to modify the workflow a little in order to be able to model it.
 2. Make sure you talk through various scenarios for work to make sure you have a workflow that will, well, work. As I said in the original Xanpan blog post columns normally come in pairs: queue then work.
 3. Operate the board for at least one iteration (several weeks) and learn from it.
 4. Reflect and refine the board: in doing so you will modify the workflow, this should be an improvement.
 5. Operate the board some more an start gathering data, qualitative and quantitative about the flow of work.
This alone might improve your teams performance: you have visibility of the work in progress, you can reason about it, people are better informed, you will make better decisions. But, this will not solve or your problems, nor is it the end state, it is just the beginning.
Stage 2: (Assuming you want to improve the throughput)
 - Think of the board as a pipeline: there are two ways to improve throughput, make the pipe bigger or make things move through the pipe faster.
First seek to move things through the pipe faster:
 1. Look at the blocks: why are they blocking or impeding? What can you do about removing them, not just on this occasion but permanently
 2. Where are the queues building up? Can you rebalance the board, or rather how your people (and possibly other resources) are deployed to even this out
Continuing reviewing the board and looking for improvements for ever. But if the time comes when you want a bigger pipe:
 - Add people to the team gradually over time: adding people slows down the existing team, the bigger the team the smaller the proportional slow down, above all else: avoid foie gras recruitment. Again this is likely to be a long term activity.
 1. Look to level workflow: reduce the peaks and move work to the lows.
 2. Look to increase the value of the items moving through the pipeline - more and better business analysis and product management
Those are the rules of thumb. Of course there are exceptions, of course there are other issues, of course they don't cover every eventuality.


Do You Really Burn More Calories When You Run in the Heat?
According to experts, it all depends on your BMR
working out in the heat burn more calories, women's health uk
Westend61Getty Images
So, summer is officially here. But, when it comes to your current running training plan, as well as the positives (bright mornings, long evenings) there are some downsides (sweating like you've just seen Ryan Gosling in your local Tesco.)
And, so long as you're drinking sufficient water, slathering on SPF like it's your job and stopping before the heat/workout combo gets too much, there's not much to say you can't be exercising outside in warmer weather. But does working out under the day's rays lead to you burning more kcals? Here's what the experts say.
Do you burn more calories in heat?
The answer, annoyingly, is 'possibly'. Dr Preethi Daniel, Clinical Director at London Doctors Clinic, says it's all to do with your basal metabolic rate. This is 'the amount of energy we expend per unit time at rest, or a measure of how quickly you break down fuels (calories) to keep your cells running,' she clarifies.
Doctor Preethi explains that the basal metabolic rate can vary with activity levels, but notes that in theory it's also movable depending on the weather and climate.
'Warmer weather may cause a slight increase in the basal metabolic rate, helping you burn those calories a little bit faster, because the body is working extra hard to keep you cool,' the doctor says.
Greg Drach, CEO of running community myCrew and ultra marathon runner, also points out that any increase in calorie burn you might see as a result of warm surroundings would probably only last a short amount of time anyway – because the body learns to adjust.
'Someone who may not be used to working out in hot weather may burn more calories than someone who has been practicing for a long time, however over time your body will condition to work less hard under such temperatures and your calories burnt during the workout will naturally decrease,' he says.
He also notes that, while you might feel more satisfied after a hot workout (just think of the sweat), 'in terms of effectivity and results you can achieve a better workout without the extra heat' because you will be able to endure exercise for a longer period of time.
Bottom line: Should you exercise in hot weather?
It's super important to remember that if you do decide to work out in high temperatures, the need for hydration is extra important.
'The overall end effect might be more satisfying, but exercising in a heatwave is riskier as you can dehydrate or get a heat stroke,' warns Greg.
'Make the most of your workout in the heat by wearing the right clothing (a white breathing cap and light workout outfit), stay hydrated, and try not to workout out in the middle of the day, but rather aim for early morning or late evening workouts,' the running expert advises.
Advertisement - Continue Reading Below


text:
Explanation of the Sample ELISA Graph on Page 111
- What is the variable in our ELISA?
In our assays, the variable is the concentration of "competitor" rabbit
IgG. Everything else is held constant (or omitted in some controls).
- A standard curve graph (see sketch at right)
has known concentrations of IgG, micrograms/ml, on the X axis (abcissa). Since
the concentration of IgG competitor is increasing, the slope of the curve is negative.
In the standard curve Eric did, 35% inhibition
occurred at 0.65 micrograms rabbit IgG/ml, hence that value on page 111.
- Eric chose 35% inhibition as his "reference level" for the
graph on page 111
because it is about half way between the maximum A450 1.38 ("no
competition" control), and the minimum A450 control 0.56 ("maximum
competitor"). So it is at the point of maximum slope; that is,
maximum sensitivity of the assay to change in
concentration of competitor. The best reference level for any given
plate is half way between the minimum and maximum A450 values
obtained; that is, half-maximal inhibition.
Half way between 1.38 and 0.56
Eric used 35% inhibition, that
is 1.38 - (0.35)(1.38) = 0.90, which is close to
half-way between the maximum and minimum values.
When you graph your ELISA data, you should calculate the A450 that
is half way between your maximum and minimum A450 control values.
This will be the best "reference level" for comparing
your standard curve and unknowns.
- How do we get the unknown concentration from the standard curve?
In Eric's plate, the standard IgG, at known concentrations, gave 35% inhibition
at 0.65 micrograms/ml. So when the unknown is at a dilution that
gives 35% inhibition,
it must also be at 0.65 micrograms/ml. If you think about it, this
should be clear, but if you need help, see page 110 for how to use this
to calculate the concentration of IgG in your unknown from your ELISA results.
- Page 111 does not show the standard curve (which was done in
the same plate). It shows the unknown (normal rabbit serum), with
dilution-fold increasing on the X axis. As dilution-fold
increases, concentration of IgG competitor decreases, so the
slope is positive.
- The 3 data points at the top of page 111
labeled "No competition" are just replicate sets of wells
on the X axis don't mean anything). The horizontal line is the average
value of the 3 averages.
- In order to interpolate from a semi-log plot, you
need to understand what the tick marks mean. For example, in between
dilution-folds of 1000 (1K) and 10,000 (10K), the tick marks mean 2K, 3K, 4K,
5K, 6K, 7K, 8K, and 9K fold-dilutions. Drawing the line between observed
data averages, find where it crosses 35% inhibition, and draw a vertical
line connecting that crossing point to the X axis. There you can read from the
tick marks the approximate fold-dilution that gave half-maximal inhibition.
- Interpolating the curve on page 111 shows that 35% inhibition occurred
at a dilution of 1/7,000. Already, because of the tiny divisions on the
graph, we can't get more significant digits, that is, we can't tell 1/6,500 reliably
by interpolation from 1/7,500. However this source of uncertainty is
smaller than the uncertainty inherent in the ELISA as we are doing it.
- Thus the unknown sample tested on page 111 (normal rabbit serum) had (7,000 times
0.65 micrograms/ml) equals 4.5 milligrams/ml. (Is this a reasonable value?
Textbooks often quote "typical" values of 10-12 mg/ml, so it is within 3-fold
of the textbook value.)
- Error bars on all points are SEM's calculated with the SEM program
available on the lab computers.
(SEM is freeware downloadable from the class home page -- look for
"SEM Free Software Download").
- As you know, +/- twice the SEM is the 95% confidence interval. By
interpolating from +/- twice the SEM bars, you can interpolate
the minimum and maximum dilutions within the 95% confidence
interval that give 35% inhibition. For the graph on page 111,
these were 1/4,000 and 1/10,000.
Using these, you can calculate the 95% confidence interval for
your result. In Eric's result on page 111, normal rabbit serum
contains 4.5 mg IgG/ml with a 95% confidence interval from 2-9
mg/ml. Remember the textbook value of 10-12 mg/ml? So 9 mg/ml
is close enough to that to be perfectly reasonable.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
process of the instant invention facilitates the design of a patient treatment assembly 10 which has fewer parts, is more easily manufactured and thus available at lower cost, an important criteria in view of recent fiscal constraints placed on the clinical environment. Further, the instant invention allows for simpler tubing sets which in turn may be more readily manufactured and offered at lower cost.
From the foregoing description, one of ordinary skill will readily appreciate that numerous insignificant changes regarding procedural details and the like may be made without departing from either the spirit or scope of the instant invention.
Citas de patentes


text:
- Liquid Silicone Rubber Overmolding
LSR injection molding is a cost-effective and versatile process used by manufacturers in a large number of industries and applications. From LSR overmolded handles to complex electronic assemblies ( case ), there are multiple reasons why rubber overmolding is a good choice for your project:
Both overmolding and 2-Shot processes combine two substrates during the molding process to form one multi-substrate component. In LSR overmolding an LSR substrate is molded over a placed metal mass or a plastic part to produce the multi-substrate component, offering a wide array of substrate combinations. In a true, 2-shot molding process both materials are molded in the same process and machine with cavity-to-cavity alignment for superior bonding, and secure precise placement. Learn more about our 2-shot capabilities.
|substrate||mold amount in mass production（set）|


text:
nature of the issue but also underscores the complexity of navigating ethical and privacy dilemmas in the digital era.
The incident with Mhiz Gold video cast is a poignant reminder that the internet is a dynamic and transformative force in our lives, and as such, it demands thoughtful consideration of its far-reaching consequences. It challenges us to strike a balance between the freedom of expression and the protection of individual rights, highlighting the importance of responsible online engagement and ethical conduct. In this rapidly evolving digital landscape, our ability to harness the internet's potential for positive change while safeguarding fundamental values remains a pivotal and ongoing endeavor.
V. Conclusion about the Mhiz Gold video cast leaked
In summary, Mhiz Gold leaked video cast has left an indelible mark on society, triggering discussions and reflections on several fronts. It has highlighted the importance of digital ethics, privacy, consent, and the responsibilities of content creators in the online world. Furthermore, the incident has forced society to grapple with the blurred boundaries between personal and public life in the digital age, offering valuable insights into the challenges and complexities of living in an interconnected world.
This incident with Mhiz Gold's leaked video stands as a quintessential case study in the speed of news dissemination and the formidable power of online communities in addressing or condemning perceived injustices. It showcases how quickly information can spread across the digital landscape and how the internet has become an influential platform for advocating change and mobilizing public opinion.
In the aftermath of this incident, it is evident that the digital age presents a myriad of ethical and social challenges that require thoughtful consideration and discourse. The impact of Mhiz Gold's leaked video serves as a stark reminder that as technology continues to reshape our world, we must continually navigate the evolving dynamics of privacy, consent, and the responsibilities that come with the power of online influence.


text:
MEMS devices could be used for computer and robotics circuitry to withstand radiation in a damaged nuclear power plant or deep space, even keep infrastructure working in a nuclear attack.
According to researchers at the University of Utah, MEMS developed logic gate devices have been developed which can survive intense ionizing radiation that would fry most circuitry.
Robots have already been used in areas of extreme radiation, such as the nuclear power plants which were severely damaged as a result of the tsunami in Japan last year. But despite heavy shielding it is only a matter of time before essential electronics cease to work.
The team at Utah claims to have developed MEMS which could create circuits able to withstand such conditions.
Tradional silicon semiconductors rely on channels to carry electrical current. However radiation creates its own current and this can disrupt the ability of the semiconducting material to perform.
MEMS, on the other hand, do not have a semiconducting channel, and instead function by electrical charges causing electrodes to touch each other, acting like a switch. This means that they are not as susceptible to the effects of radiation.
There are downsides to MEMS, with silicon electronics around a thousand times quicker and substantially smaller. MEMS devices also require larger voltages to switch from one state to another.
However, the team has worked to reduce the number of devices need to create a computer, and have also succeeded in reducing by a factor of 10 the amount of voltage needed to switch.
The next steps for the team, which has been funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), is to start to create small computers based on the simplified MEMS circuits.
According to the researchers the end result could mean that the circuits, which survived 277 degree heat and two hours in the Utah university research reactor, will be able to withstand "cosmic ionizing radiation", or to "help robotics to control troubled nuclear reactors without degradation".


text:
An investigation into the mechanical properties of silicon nanoparticles using molecular dynamics simulations with parallel computing
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Fang, KC., Weng, CI. & Ju, SP. J Nanopart Res (2009) 11: 581. doi:10.1007/s11051-_PHONE_-x
- 120 Downloads
This study investigates the mechanical properties of cubic silicon nanoparticles with side lengths ranging from 2.7 to 16.3 nm using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with parallel computing technique. The results reveal that the surface energy of the particles increases significantly as the particle size decreases. Furthermore, having passed the point of maximum compressive load, the phase transformation region of the particles gradually transfers from the core to the surface. The small volume of the current nanoparticles suppresses the nucleation of dislocations, and as a result, the maximum strength and Young's modulus values of all but the smallest of the current nanoparticles are greater than the corresponding values in bulk silicon. Finally, it is found that the silicon nanoparticles with a side length of 10.86 nm exhibit the greatest maximum strength (24 GPa). In nanoparticles with shorter side lengths, the maximum strength decreases significantly as the volume of the nanoparticle is reduced.


text:
- Colombian Black and White, T. teguixin
- Blue, T. teguixin sp.
- Gold, T. nigropunctatus
- Argentine Black and White, T. merianae
- Red, T. rufescens
Tegu is the common name for a species complex of large lizards. The name comes from the Nahuatl (Aztec) tecoixin
, meaning lizard. Tegus are large, carnivorous lizards indiginous to South America. They are the ecological equivalents of the varanid
family, and are an often-cited example of convergent evolution
The Black and White, Gold and Blue tegus are all smaller members of the genus, growing to a size of roughly 3 feet and weighing 7 pounds. They have similar diets and behaviour, and inhabit similar climates. These three species can be found as far north as Colombia and as far south as Argentina. They are almost exclusively carnivorous, and feed upon insects and other invertebrates when young, moving to frogs, lizards, snakes and all kinds of eggs as they reach adulthood.
The Red tegu, on the other hand, is larger than its congenerics (up to 4.5 feet and 25 pounds), and has a differnt diet. Its native range is restricted to northern Argentina. They prey upon small mammals, lizards and snakes in the wild, but their principle sustenance comes from insects and fruit.
Unlike monitor lizards, the tegus are capable of caudal autonomy (dropping their tail) and subsequent regeneration. They are hunted by South Americans in rural areas for their hides, putting the species under some pressure. Coupled with their attractiveness to herptoculturists, many populations of these species are at risk. They are also considered pests in many places in South America, as they have been known to hunt farm stocks (especially for eggs) and even go so far as begging for food in parks. The latter behaviour has put them in direct conflict with humans, especially since these animals are very powerful and can seriously hurt a human with either a bite or a lash of their tail.
* It should be noted that this taxonomic classification is in some dispute. Some herpetologists claim there should be only three species, others claim as many as six or seven. Until serious genetic work is done, consider this classification as only one of several equiprobable organizations.
** Mad props to JudyT for setting me straight on this. I had previously attributed the etymology to the Portugese.
Information culled from personal experience and the following sources:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Saturday, January 18, 2014
The Bronze Fish
Metal is notorious for corroding in water applications. The power packed combination of moisture, oxygen and salt, especially sodium chloride, is more deadly to metal than rust. It corrodes or eats away at the metal by weakening it and eventually causing it to fall apart. And if the metal is submerged in a salt water environment than count on your metal corroding five times faster than if it was in fresh water.
Considering we rely on metal in just about every "water-related" application out there, the above statistics sound a bit bleak. Let's see, we need metal in plumbing, water filtration, sewage plants, hydro-electric power, oil & gas platform parts in the ocean, engine cooling, refrigeration, irrigation and the list goes on and on. How could the world's economy and infrastructure have survived if metal wasn't used in water applications? Well, since you and I haven't heard about the world's ongoing struggle to find a metal for water applications that means a solution must have been found.
Steel in Water?
Traditionally, steel is not seen as a suitable metal for water applications. Why? Remember that moisture is highly corrosive to most metals including steel and zinc. However, steel is indeed used in water applications.
So, how do you get around the moisture problem? OK, so here is my inner Comic Book geek coming out. There is this character called The Green Latern. For a visual reference see below:
The Green Latern is a unique comic book character. He is green, flies through the air and creates objects with a special ring. BUT what sets him apart from a lot of other Comic Book characters is his protective suit. You see, he doesn't "suit up" like Batman or Superman. Instead his protective suit is bonded to his DNA makeup. So when he senses danger the suit magically appears on this skin.
So what does Steel have to do with Green Latern's magic suit? In order to make steel suitable for water applications, there is a process called Hot Dip Galvanizing. This is where a "layer or protective suit" is metallurgically bonded to the steel ~ not added like Superman or Batman's suit. This bonded layer is a complete, uniform coating that adds strength (apprx. 3600 psi) and long term durability to the part.
However before you go and select Hot Dip Galvanizing Steel (HDGS) as your "go to water metal", beware of some of the disadvantages. You must know what type of water the part will be submerged in, such as; pure water (distilled or de-ionized water), fresh water, or seawater. Each water environment has different mechanisms that determine the ultimate corrosion rate. For instance, studies show that HDGS will corrode up to ten times faster in a pure water environment than in a fresh water environment.
Also, one of the most corrosive areas for HDGS is in Agitated Waters, such as; wash zones and tide lines. The agitation accelerates the corrosion rate of the zinc. Often the "washing" motion removes the passive scales which are forming on the surfaces, exposing fresh zinc which tries to redevelop more scales/patina. This leads to rapid erosion of the zinc coating resulting in increased corrosion rates.
So what are the alternatives?
Introducing The Bronze Fish
Well by now I'm sure most of you were beginning to wonder what is this Bronze Fish all about. After all, that's the title of the blog post. While it's true that other metals can be used in water, there is a Bronze Alloy group that is naturally suitable for water applications. They are chemically and mechanically designed for water (and of course other applications as well). Hence, the Bronze Fish reference.
This group is the Aluminum Bronzes.
Aluminum Bronzes are most commonly used in water applications because of their great resistance to corrosion in a variety of water environments. This makes them preferable to other engineering materials. The Aluminum Bronze group contains a variety of choices, but for the sake of time I will highlight three:
 1. C63000 Nickel Aluminum Bronze
 2. C95400 Aluminum Bronze
 3. C95800 Nickel Aluminum Bronze
The 630 Fish - the strong & tough fish
C63000 Aluminum Bronze is an extruded or forged Wrought Alloy that contains Nickel (nominal 5%). As an aluminum bronze, C63000 has an excellent resistance to salt water corrosion and displays exceptional strength and toughness as well. C63000 is typically used where higher mechanical properties are required. It is used in equipment for marine applications, such as: valve stems, high strength bushings, valve guides and seats, gears, cams, ship propellers, as well as propeller nuts and shafts.
The C95400 Fish - the popular fish
C95400 Aluminum Bronze is a Cast Product that is considered the most popular of all the Aluminum
The "Nemo' fish
Bronzes. It is regularly stocked in a variety of shapes and sizes, such as, Solid Bar, Cored Bar and Plate and Rectangle; thus making it the "go to" Aluminum Bronze. C95400 is suitable for fresh water and salt water (if heat-treated) applications as well as agitated waters. In fact, C95400 is nearly impervious to attack from seawater when properly heat-treated. However note that improper heat-treatment of C95400 castings can result in a finished product susceptible to a unique form of galvanic corrosion commonly called de-aluminization.
The C95800 Fish - the dirty fish
C95800 Nickel Aluminum Bronze is a Cast Product that also contains 5% Nickel (much like C63000). However, unlike C63000 it contains slightly less Aluminum & Copper and a bit more Iron. Additionally, due to it's Method of Manufacture (or the way its made) it possesses different mechanical properties.
C95800 as a Centrifugal for pumps will stand out as being ideally suited for saltwater, as well as brackish or dirty water, waste water and pollution control applications. The overall corrosion / erosion resistance this alloy displays
has been deemed far superior to stainless steel -- and costs less!! (always a benefit)
It is amazing how Bronze stands out against the "big guys", like Steel and Stainless Steel in certain environments and applications. Even though annual Bronze consumption accounts for such a small percentage of all the metal consumed in the world - it is clear that Bronze has a major part to play in the Metals Industry. I am finding that it is a unique, diverse and adaptable underdog.
Until next time...enjoy your week!
Tuesday, January 14, 2014
What to know when buying a Wrought Product versus a Cast Product
Today's blog is brought to you by one of our very own, Eric Grabowski. Eric has been in the Metals Industry for over 30+ years (although he REALLY doesn't like me saying that...he says it makes him feel old!) and with the Atlas Bronze family for 15 years. We are lucky to have Eric as he is our Go-To guy when it comes to technical advice on Made to Order partsHe knows his metal!
Buying a Wrought Product
We have a number of customers who are accustomed to buying steel, stainless steel, brass, and aluminum on a daily basis. When they buy this material they are used to ordering the size they need based on a set tolerance. Steel, stainless steel, brass and aluminum are made by either extrusion or drawing, so when you buy one of these products the outside diameter, thickness or width will typically have a tolerance that is plus (+) and minus (-).
For example:
You need: 1" diameter Brass Rod (Wrought Product)
Tolerance: plus (+) and minus (-) tolerance on this bar will be +/-.005.
This means: Diameter size will fall between.995" diameter and 1.005" diameter
Buying a Cast Product
Now say that same customer receives a request to purchase a Cast Product. They will quickly find out that the material tolerance will follow a different set of rules. You see, with Cast Bronze Products (most popular alloys being C93200 Bearing Bronze and C95400 Aluminum Bronze) if you were to order that same 1" diameter it will typically have a tolerance over sized by as much as.090" on that diameter.
For Example:
You need: 1" diameter Bronze Rod (Cast Product)
Tolerance: a minimum of.070" over sized
This means: Diameter size will be at a minimum of 1.070" diameter
So what's the difference?
It is simply that Wrought Products hold a plus (+) and minus (-) tolerance. The bar could fall slightly above or slightly below the desired size. On the other hand, Cast Products offer additional stock that enables a customer to finish to the desired size. In Cast Products that additional stock added will also apply to Cored Bar and Rectangle / Plate stock. There will be extra stock added to the Outside Diameter, the Inner Diameter and on a Width and Length.
Why knowing your finished dimensions when buying Cast Products will save you time and money?
When a customer is buying a Cast Product, we always ask, "What are your finished dimensions?". We typically ask this because we look at all the available sizes we have in our inventory and select a size that will finish to the


text:
You bet there is!
We call it the Activities (click to open it in a new tab), and you can always find it via the Activities button on your Dashboard:
- This report maintains a running total of CPD hours for each of your memberships. If nothing is showing up yet, it's probably because you still need to add a membership.
- If you complete an item inside CPDone that applies to more than one of your memberships, the activity will be added to all of your relevant memberships, automatically!
- Similarly, you can add External CPD activities to your total; e.g. if you wish to record training days or accredited practical activities.
Filtering the memberships and duration can be done to look at progress made.


text:
According to the OIG report released today, Angela Williamson, a deputy to Monica Goodling at the DOJ, was intimately involved in her bosses scurrilous hiring practices, attending interviews and often conducting interviews herself. Here's a sampling of the same questions that Goodling asked those being considered for political positions:
After Goodling resigned, Williamson typed from memory the list of questions Goodling asked as a guide for future interviews. Among other questions, the list included the following:
Tell us about your political philosophy. There are different groups of conservatives, by way of example: Social Conservative, Fiscal Conservative, Law & Order Republican.
[W]hat is it about George W. Bush that makes you want to serve him?
Aside from the President, give us an example of someone currently or recently in public service who you admire.
We found that this last question often took the form of asking the candidate to identify his or her most admired President, Supreme Court Justice, or legislator. Some candidates were asked to identify a person for all three categories. Williamson told us that sometimes Goodling asked candidates: "Why are you a Republican?" [emphasis ours]


text:
*Reposted; could you please show me a circuit and explain why they
Hello, If I were to construct this circuit on a breadboard, how
will I go on about it? Please note that this is for an electronics
1 course, so not too advanced.
Water Level Buzzer
Design a water level buzzer circuit using a 6 V dc supply and a
sensor. When the water level reaches the sensor, the circuit must
Please show a diagram, and reasons for choosing circuit components.


text:
Veterans are a sizable and policy-relevant demographic group in the United States, yet little is known about their economic well-being. Although having a work-limiting disability is known to be associated with material hardship, no known study compares material hardship between veteran households and nonveteran households or investigates whether work-limiting disability moderates the association between veteran status and material hardship. This study uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine how household work-limiting disability status moderates the relationship between veteran status and the likelihood of material hardship. Results suggest the following: nondisabled-veteran households report lower or equivalent levels of material hardship than do households with no veteran or disabled member; regardless of whether a veteran is present, households that include a disabled person have higher levels of every type of hardship than other households do; and disabled-veteran households experience statistically significantly more hardship than nondisabled-veteran households do.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Sociology and Political Science


Skip to definition.
Adjective: paid peyd
 1. Marked by the reception of pay
 2. Involving gainful employment in something often done as a hobby
 - nonrecreational
 3. Yielding a fair profit
 "This country has been recently concerned with the increase in paid employment among women";
 - gainful, paying
Verb: pay (paid) pey
 1. Give money, usually in exchange for goods or services
 - give
 3. Cancel or discharge a debt
 "pay up, please!";
 - pay up, ante up
 4. (investment) bring in
 "How much does this savings certificate pay annually?";
 - yield, bear
 5. Do or give something to somebody in return
 - pay off, make up, compensate
 6. Dedicate
 "pay attention to";
 - give, devote
 7. Be worth it
 "It pays to go through the trouble"
 8. Render
 "pay a visit"; "pay a call"
 10. Make a compensation for
 "a favour that cannot be paid back"
 11. Discharge or settle
 "pay a debt"; "pay an obligation"
See also: cashed, compensable, compensated, freelance, free-lance, fund, mercenary, paid-up, pay back, pay off, pay out, paying, post-free [Brit], postpaid, prepaid, professional, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, reply-paid, salaried, square, stipendiary
Antonym: unpaid
Encyclopedia: Paid


text:
Health IT programs to help fight prescription drug abuse to be tested in Indiana and Ohio
Today in Indiana and Ohio, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched a pilot program that promises to give prescribers another powerful tool for combating prescription drug abuse. The Enhancing Access to PDMPs Project is designed to test the feasibility of connecting a prescription drug monitoring program to other health information technology (Health IT) systems to help emergency department physicians deliver better and more timely care to patients needing substance abuse treatment.
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are statewide electronic databases that collect, monitor, and analyze prescribing and dispensing data submitted by pharmacies and dispensing practitioners. The programs collect a considerable amount of useful information, but their effectiveness at combatting prescription drug abuse is often limited because prescribers fail to access them.
The purpose of the new project is to help hospital staff quickly identify a patient's controlled substance history and alert them to patients with a potential addiction to painkillers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared that prescription drug abuse in the United States is an epidemic. Programs such as this one can address the prescription drug abuse epidemic by expanding timely access to PDMP data and helping doctors provide quality care.
The Enhancing Access to PDMPs Project was created through the joint efforts of public sector and private industry experts who participated in the White House Roundtable on Health IT and Prescription Drug Abuse in June 2011. Later that month, the HHS Prescription Drug Abuse and Health IT Work Group of the Behavioral Health Coordinating Committee followed up with an Action Plan for Improving Access to Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs through Health Information Technology. The pilot program launched today in Indiana and Ohio is managed within HHS by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology in collaboration with ONDCP, CDC, and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
White House Blogs
- The White House Blog
- Middle Class Task Force
- Council of Economic Advisers
- Council on Environmental Quality
- Council on Women and Girls
- Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
- Office of Management and Budget
- Office of Public Engagement
- Office of Science & Tech Policy
- Office of Urban Affairs
- Open Government
- Faith and Neighborhood Partnerships
- Social Innovation and Civic Participation
- US Trade Representative
- Office National Drug Control Policy


text:
Available formats: HTML | PDF | (gzipped) PostScript
Current sheets in two-dimensional potential magnetic fields
III. Formation in complex topology configurations and application to coronal heating
J.J. Aly 1 and
T. Amari 1, 2
Received 25 July 1996 / Accepted 20 August 1996
We study the spontaneous formation of a current sheet (CS) in an x-invariant y -symmetric magnetic field occupying the half-space, and embedded in a pressureless perfectly conducting plasma. At the initial time, is potential and quadrupolar, and therefore its lines in a poloidal plane have a complex topology: there is either one separatrix, which contains a neutral X-point or is tangent to the y -axis (X- and U-topology, respectively), or two separatrices extending to infinity (I-topology). For, the field is made to evolve quasi-statically by imposing its footpoints on the boundary to move parallel to the y -axis at the slow velocity. It thus passes through a sequence of configurations which are either potential equilibria or quasi-potential singular equilibria, the latter containing a CS, assumed a priori to be vertical.
We compute analytically and its free-energy contents as functionals of (this boundary value depending on and ), and also, when there is a CS, of the unknown heights and of its bottom and top, respectively. We derive equations satisfied by the latter quantities, and use them to show that: (i) When the initial field is of the U- or I-type, a CS - and a vertical one indeed - is actually present at time t if and only if the potential field associated to has a X-topology. (ii) When the initial field is of the X-type, a CS exists in general at each time, but it is vertical if and only if a quite specific condition is satisfied - which may not be the case for arbitrarily chosen data and puts a limit on the generality of our model. Finally, we derive for,, and useful approximate explicit expressions, which are valid just after the CS has started forming at some time.
As an application, we consider a plasma heating process in which a field evolving through a sequence of singular equilibria as described above, relaxes at each time () to a new potential equilibrium, the vertical CS being destroyed by some reconnection process. We present an estimate of the resulting heating rate, which is found to depend on the ratio (assumed to be ) of a given phenomenological dissipation time to the ideal evolution time of the system. The relevance of this process for heating a stellar corona is briefly discussed.
Key words: MHD plasmas Sun: coronae stars: coronae
Send offprint requests to: T. Amari
Online publication: July 3, 1998


The Curmudgeon
Sunday, July 31, 2005
News 2020
US government patents "extremism"*
The United States government has successfully patented the word "extremism", which can now be used only with permission and in contexts which the patent-holder deems appropriate.
Under US law, the American government is now the owner of the term "extremism" in perpetuity and throughout the universe of space and time, notwithstanding the provisions of any local statutes or alien customs.
The US government also owns the word in any alternate realities which faith-based communities may see fit to construct, whether they do so with or without the prior knowledge or consent of the administration.
The British government welcomed the ruling, calling it "a significant new step in the war against inappropriacy".
Legal steps are being taken to enforce the patent retroactively, so that past inappropriate uses of the word can be dealt with through the American courts.
Inappropriate usages of the word "extremism" which are in the public domain will be expunged by the Department of Homeland Expressivity Freedom when the US government patents the public domain next year.
* Used by permission. All instances of the word "extremism" in this article have been certified as correct and contextual in accordance with the rights of the owner. This article is published subject to the condition that the word "extremism" shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be written, typed, emailed, electronically entered, read out, spoken, thought or otherwise verbalised except in accordance with said rights, and on condition of a similar condition including this condition being imposed upon subsequent verbalisees.
Saturday, July 30, 2005
News 2020
Britain still too soft on preachers of hate, think-tank warns
Britain is still not expelling enough preachers of hate compared with European rivals such as France, a government think-tank has warned.
France has expelled seventeen imams in the past month for using inflammatory rhetoric to potentially induce possibly impressionable young Muslims to commit potential terrorist acts.
But the British human rights lobby has stood in the way of similar measures being taken in Britain.
Under Britain's anti-terror laws, imams preaching hatred are not subject to deportation but merely to indefinite detention, presumption of guilt by association, house arrest and use of sniffer dogs to detect caches of explosives in their mosques.
The report by the Council for Attenuating Terror and Aborting Rising Religious Hatred (CATARRH) says that such measures may no longer be sufficient to fulfil Britain's European quotas on expulsions.
"In theory, locking someone away in Belmarsh, Blunkwell or Clarkmark doesn't really count as expulsion from the country," said CATARRH spokesperson Dodie Mair. "We've tried to persuade Brussels to be more flexible about it, but they keep insisting on the distinction, and if they ever do concede the point it'll be at the cost of our traditional potato crisps or something."
The Prime Minister and Home Secretary welcomed the report and said that, in defence of the British way of life, everything possible would be done to prevent the preaching of hatred by Muslims.
"We certainly will not stand by while cave-dwelling bigots and unreasoning bombers try to inflict their petty nationalist prejudices on the country that beat Napoleon and Hitler," the Prime Minister said.
Friday, July 29, 2005
News 2020
Journalists apologise for failure to prepare public
Media professionals have apologised to the Home Office for their failure to adequately prepare the public for the adverse consequences of the fighting on the home front of the ongoing war on horribility.
The apologies came after a week during which several apparently non-terroristic human resources were protectively detrimented by members of the Ian Blair Brains Trust armed police units, resulting in some disquiet among the more volatile and rucksack-equipped sections of the public.
The Brains Trust - so named because of Sir Ian's famous dictum that the correct way to deal with suicide bombers is to "totally and utterly destroy the brain" - has been criticised for failing to carry out proper public relations exercises before embarking on its campaign of enforced cerebral disassembly.
However, ex-Guardian editor Allan Fusbudget said that the media also had to take responsibility for the public reaction to the incidents.
"The public are often in the dark about seeing the light unless media professionals are there to help them grasp the nettle," Mr Fusbudget said. "Journalists have concentrated too much on the consequences of terrorist bombings to mere civilians and have failed to make clear the very considerable problems faced by armed men with wide powers of search and seizure."
Former BBC director-general and interpreter of political nuance Andrew Marr said that the entire profession should "hang its head in shame" over its biased treatment of the police and their actions.
Media expert Bradley Ichneumon predicted that journalists will have to do "considerably better" in future or suffer a lack of important information.
"In times of war, it is no longer enough to rely on press briefings from the Home Office to find out the correct attitude," he said. "The correct attitude must be a natural state of mind for anyone who expects to remain with their head inside the information loop."
Thursday, July 28, 2005
News 2020
Anti-terror police protest at "demeaning" treatment
Members of public protection enforcer units are complaining about the treatment of officers whose conduct is under investigation by the Autonomous Police Exculpation Service.
Fourteen alleged human beings have been subjected to special protection measures by enforcer units during the past six months, in addition to at least one suspected terrorist.
All the officers involved in the measures are subject to investigatory proceedings which could take up to two years to complete, and possibly longer if the families of suspects attempt to indulge in legal action.
Of the fourteen suspects who turned out to be non-terroristic at the time of their incidentation, only three have been confirmed as holding foreign passports, and none are known to have been in the country illegally.
The Home Secretary said that the police were doing an "incredible job" at "incredibly difficult odds" and challenged anyone who objected to the shootings to do a better job in similar circumstances.
The officers' complaints stem from the fact that they have been removed from active duty and placed on official paid leave, pending investigation by the Autonomous Police Exculpation Service.
"This is the kind of thing that leads to the public losing confidence in the police," said one officer on condition of anonymity.
"Civilians who are suspected of killing people get a fair trial and the chance to state their case in open court, while all we get is a holiday at the taxpayers' expense. It's demeaning. How dare they treat us like they treat drug addicts and single mothers?"
Tuesday, July 26, 2005
It Has to be Said
The British police force is the best in the world. A long time ago, when the wrongful conviction of the Birmingham Six was making its slow and painful way into the consciousness of the British media, somebody raised a question about it on the BBC's Question Time. The Birmingham Six - or was it the Guildford Four? - had been imprisoned on faked evidence and on confessions which were beaten out of them. The fakery and the beatings were the work of Britain's boys in blue, the best police force in the world, who are often faced with split-second decisions.
I can't remember what the question was, but at least one panellist preceded her answer with the assertion that if there was one thing that had to be made clear about this case, it was that Britain's police were the best in the world. At that point, someone off-camera presumably held up a sign saying Applause, and the clappity-clappity static of our habitual British self-denigration echoed around the studio for minutes on end.
Bestness in the world is not unique to the British police, of course; not even when the Guildford Four - or perhaps it was the Maguire Seven - are the issue. The NHS is the best health service in the world, especially when another chunk of it is about to be privatised. The British armed forces are frequently the best in the world when they've driven a few of their own recruits to suicide or been caught using members of the subject races as involuntary partners in some very special war-games. The British mother of parliaments is probably the best in the world, most probably when anyone calls for it to be reformed.
This week the British police - the best in the world, in case you didn't know it - are suffering a loss of credibility because some of their armed personnel - almost all British police are unarmed, making them the best in the world - shot dead an innocent man, apparently in the belief that he was a suicide bomber. They were protecting the British public, and they had to make a split-second decision under circumstances of considerable stress. Tony Blair has pointed out, on behalf of the best police force in the world, that if circumstances had been different - if the man had been a suicide bomber and if the best police in the world had not shot him - there might have been adverse criticism. Obviously, that would have been too bad.
The British police force is the best in the world. This needs to be said, as is evident from the number of people who feel obliged to keep saying it. Anti-terrorist hunter-killer units often operate under stressful circumstances. Their self-sacrifice in allowing themselves to be press-ganged into handling weapons (surely you don't imagine they do it because they like the job?) is without parallel. Armed police protecting an ungrateful public from suicide bombers have a


text:
||Converting CAD Drawings to Product Models
||The fundamental aim of this study is to examine whether it is possible to automatically convert vector-based drawings to product models. The reason for doing this is that the new object-based systems cannot make use of the information stored in CAD drawings, which limits the usability of these systems. Converting paper drawings to vector-format is used today and provides recognition of lines and text, but does not interpret what the shapes represent. A language for describing the geometrical representations that could be processed directly into a recognition program for building elements is missing. It is easier to describe how to recognize a line as a series of dots in a raster image, than it is to describe how a complex symbol of a building element looks like. The approach in this research work has been to test different shape recognition algorithms. The proposed method can be divided into four processes: grouping of geometrical primitives, classifying these groups, interpreting the content and analyzing the relationships between the groups. The algorithms developed here are based on research within related domains, such as pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The algorithms have been developed in a prototype implementation and were tested with three layer-structured drawings used in practice. The results of the tests show that there are no crucial obstacles to recognizing a large part of the symbols of building elements in a CAD drawing. The requirement is that the recognition system is able to differentiate one from another and be tolerant of errors and variations in the shapes.
|Year of publication:
||Product Model, CAD
Noack, Robert (2001).
Converting CAD Drawings to Product Models. Royal institute of Technology, Department of Construction Management and Economics,Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, Sweden,


text:
The initialization parameter
JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES represents the maximum number of job queue processes that can concurrently run on an instance. However, clients should not assume that all job queue processes are available for job execution.
Note:The coordinator process is not started if the initialization parameter
JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSESis set to 0.
The flashback data archiver process (FBDA) archives historical rows of tracked tables into Flashback Data Archives. When a transaction containing DML on a tracked table commits, this process stores the pre-image of the rows into the Flashback Data Archive. It also keeps metadata on the current rows.
FBDA automatically manages the flashback data archive for space, organization, and retention. Additionally, the process keeps track of how far the archiving of tracked transactions has occurred.
The SMCO process coordinates the execution of various space management related tasks, such as proactive space allocation and space reclamation. SMCO dynamically spawns slave processes (Wnnn) to implement the task.
See Also:Oracle Database Advanced Application Developer's Guide to learn about Flashback Data Archive
Slave processes are background processes that perform work on behalf of other processes. This section describes some slave processes used by Oracle Database.
See Also:Oracle Database Reference for descriptions of Oracle Database slave processes
I/O slave processes (Innn) simulate asynchronous I/O for systems and devices that do not support it. In asynchronous I/O, there is no timing requirement for transmission, enabling other processes to start before the transmission has finished.
For example, assume that an application writes 1000 blocks to a disk on an operating system that does not support asynchronous I/O. Each write occurs sequentially and waits for a confirmation that the write was successful. With asynchronous disk, the application can write the blocks in bulk and perform other work while waiting for a response from the operating system that all blocks were written.
To simulate asynchronous I/O, one process oversees several slave processes. The invoker process assigns work to each of the slave processes, who wait for each write to complete and report back to the invoker when done. In true asynchronous I/O the operating system waits for the I/O to complete and reports back to the process, while in simulated asynchronous I/O the slaves wait and report back to the invoker.
The database supports different types of I/O slaves, including the following:
I/O slaves for Recovery Manager (RMAN)
When using RMAN to back up or restore data, you can make use of I/O slaves for both disk and tape devices.
Database writer slaves
If it is not practical to use multiple database writer processes, such as when the computer has one CPU, then the database can distribute I/O over multiple slave processes. DBWR is the only process that scans the buffer cache LRU list for blocks to be written to disk. However, I/O slaves perform the I/O for these blocks.
In parallel execution or parallel processing, multiple processes work together simultaneously to run a single SQL statement. By dividing the work among multiple processes, Oracle Database can run the statement more quickly. For example, four processes handle four different quarters in a year instead of one process handling all four quarters by itself.
Parallel execution reduces response time for data-intensive operations on large databases such as data warehouses. Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and clustered system gain the largest performance benefits from parallel execution because statement processing can be split up among multiple CPUs. Parallel execution can also benefit certain types of OLTP and hybrid systems.
In Oracle RAC systems, the service placement of a particular service controls parallel execution. Specifically, parallel processes run on the nodes on which you have configured the service. By default, Oracle Database runs the parallel process only on the instance that offers the service used to connect to the database. This does not affect other parallel operations such as parallel recovery or the processing of
Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for considerations regarding parallel execution in Oracle RAC environments
In serial execution, a single server process performs all necessary processing for the sequential execution of a SQL statement. For example, to perform a full table scan such as
FROM employees, one server process performs all of the work, as shown in Figure 15-5.
In parallel execution, the server process acts as the parallel execution coordinator responsible for parsing the query, allocating and controlling the slave processes, and sending output to the user. Given a query plan for a SQL query, the coordinator breaks down each operator in a SQL query into parallel pieces, runs them in the order specified in the query, and integrates the partial results produced by the slave processes executing the operators.
Figure 15-6 shows a parallel scan of the
employees table. The table is divided dynamically (dynamic partitioning) into load units called granules. Each granule is a range of data blocks of the table read by a single slave process, called a parallel execution server, which uses
nnn as a name format.
The database maps granules to execution servers at execution time. When an execution server finishes reading the rows corresponding to a granule, and when granules remain, it obtains another granule from the coordinator. This operation continues until the table has been read. The execution servers send results back to the coordinator, which assembles the pieces into the desired full table scan.
The number of parallel execution servers assigned to a single operation is the degree of parallelism for an operation. Multiple operations within the same SQL statement all have the same degree of parallelism.


text:
Our social evaluation of other people is influenced by their faces and their voices. However, rather little is known about how these channels combine in forming "first impressions. " Over 5 experiments, we investigate the relative contributions of facial and vocal information for social judgments: dominance and trustworthiness. The experiments manipulate each of these sources of information within-person, combining faces and voices giving rise to different social attributions. We report that vocal pitch is a reliable source of information for judgments of dominance (Study 1), but not trustworthiness (Study 4). Faces and voices make reliable, but independent, contributions to social evaluation. However, voices have the larger influence in judgments of dominance (Study 2), whereas faces have the larger influence in judgments of trustworthiness (Study 5). The independent contribution of the 2 sources appears to be mandatory, as instructions to ignore 1 channel do not eliminate its influence (Study 3). Our results show that information contained in both the face and the voice contributes to first impression formation. This combination is, to some degree, outside conscious control, and the weighting of channel contribution varies according the trait being perceived.
|Number of pages||11|
|Journal||Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance|
|Publication status||Published - Jan 2018|


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $M$ and $N$ be two smooth manifolds, and $f: M \to N$ be a submersion, ${{f}^{-1}}(y)$ is compact for all $y$ in $N$. Then prove for any $x$ in $N$ there is an open neighborhood $U$ of $x$ such that ${{f}^{-1}}(U)$ is diffeomorphic to $U\times {{f}^{-1}}(x)$. I've thought this problem for a long time, but I don't know to use which method. Cobordism can help to solve this question?
share|improve this question
I don't see how cobordism would help. I would try using the implicit function theorem instead. – Neal Feb 23 '12 at 14:10
show that $f$ is proper and look at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehresmann%27s_fibration_theorem – Blah Feb 23 '12 at 16:59
You are missing some hypothesis to conclude that $f$ is proper. For example, without any additional hypothesis, we have a counterexample $M=(0,2)$, $N=S^1$ (the unit circle in the complex plane), and $f(t)=e^{2\pi i t}$. – Marcos Cossarini Apr 28 '14 at 0:27
1 Answer 1
As Blah said in the comments, if we can show that $f$ is proper (and in fact it is!), your statement is just Ehresmann fibration theorem.
To give a proof of Ehresmann fibration theorem, we will use theorem of tubular neighborhoods. This result says that a neighborhood $W$ of $M_y := f^{-1}(y)$ in $M$ is diffeomorphic to a neighborhood of $M_y$ in its normal bundle, and in particular that there exists a differentiable retraction $r : W \to M_y$. But then, consider the map $$(r,f):W \to M_y \times N.$$ This map has a differential (which is invertible along $M_y$). As $M_y$ is compact, there exists an open set $W' \subset W$ containing $M_y$ such that $(r,f)_{|W'}$ is an embedding. Finally, as $f$ is proper, $W'$ contains an open set $W''$ of the form $f^{-1}(U)$, where $U \subset N$ is a neighborhood of $y$. Then clearly $(r,f)(W'') = M_y \times U$ and we have shown that $(r,f)$ is a diffeomorphism from $f^{-1}(U)$ to $M_y \times U$.
share|improve this answer
@ Jacob:Thanks!But I'll make a completment.I've seen somewhere that ${{f}^{-1}}(x)\ and\ {{f}^{-1}}(y)$ is also diffeomorphism.This is a stronger conclusion.How can we get this? – henry Feb 24 '12 at 17:04
This is the link:link – henry Feb 24 '12 at 17:15
I've just responded you here. math.stackexchange.com/questions/47373/… – Jacob Ikabruob Feb 24 '12 at 17:36
@ Jacob: Thank you!I've understood.But where have you learnt these beautiful theorem like Ehresmann fibration theorem?Can you recommended me some modern books about differetial topology?I've read some books which are a little basic that they don't involve some advanced topics. – henry Feb 25 '12 at 3:24
Dear Henry: I read this theorem on Claire Voisin's book "Hodge theory and complex algebraic geometry" chapter $9$, when dealing with family of complex manifolds. By the way, it would be nice if you accept the answer that you consider helpful ;) – Jacob Ikabruob Feb 25 '12 at 8:19
Your Answer


text:
To satisfy the increasing demand for high speed data transmission, network technology has been developed rapidly, from Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet to 10G, 40G, and even 100G Ethernet. And we know that 40G network technology has been widely applied for a long time. But now, the time of 100G is coming. Though for many data centers, 40G is enough for them now, the pace of development is unpredictable. In addition, some data centers have been already migrated to 100G and a range of 100G fiber optic transceivers are available on the market, among which 100G QSFP28 transceivers are considered to be the preference choice. This article will focus on 100G QSFP28 transceiver and help you choose a suitable 100G transceiver for your network deployment. First, let's come to the basic knowledge of four 100G QSFP28 transceiver types.
100G-SR4 transceiver offers four independent full-duplex transmit and receiver channels, each capable of running up to 25Gpbs data rate per channel. Like 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP+ transceiver, 100G-SR4 transceiver is structured with 12 fiber MPO connector interface and it can support 100G data transmission with link length up to 70 meters over OM3 and 100 meters over OM4.
100GBASE-PSM4 is defined by MSA and it uses four independent parallel lanes for each signal direction, with each lane carrying 25G data transmission. Terminated with 12 fiber MPO connector interface, it can support 100G data transmission with link length up to 500 meters over single-mode fiber.
100GBASE-CWDM4 transceiver complies with the requirement of CWDM4 MSA. Based on CWDM technology, the 100GBASE-CWDM4 transceiver uses four lanes of 25Gbps. On the transmit side, the four 25G optical signals are multiplexed while on the receive side, the four 25G optical signals are de-multiplexed. Terminated with duplex LC interface, it can support 100G data transmission with link length up to 2 kilometers over single-mode fiber.
100G-LR4 transceiver uses the WDM technologies for four 25G lanes transmission and the four 25G optical signals are being transmitted over four different wavelengths. Like 40G-LR4 QSFP+ transceiver, the 100G-LR4 transceiver has duplex LC interface and it can support 100G dual-way data transmission with link length up to 10 kilometers over single-mode fiber.
From the above content, we can easily find that among four types of 100G QSFP28 transceivers, there are not only differences but also similarities. For example, 100G-SR4 and 100GBASE-PSM4 are with MTP/MPO interface, while 100G-CWDM4 and 100G-LR4 are with LC interface; 100G-SR4 is suitable for for short distance over multimode fiber, while 100GBASE-PSM4 QSFP28, 100G-CWDM4 and 100G-LR4 are suitable for long distance over single-mode fiber. Which one to choose depends on your specific requirements for network deployment. To better distinguish these four 100G transceiver types, here is a table for you.
100G QSFP28 transceiver is designed for high port density with small compact size and low power consumption. As 100G Ethernet is an inevitable trend, 100G QSFP28 transceiver is the key for 100G migration. Therefore, it is necessary to have a basic knowledge about 100G QSFP28 transceiver. Apart from this, before you carry out your network deployment, choosing a suitable transceiver is essential. All four 100G QSFP28 transceiver types mentioned in this article can be found in FS.COM. If you want to know more details, please visit our site.
Related article: Cabling Solutions for 100G QSFP28 Transceiver


text:
Cardiac Imaging at Montclair Radiology
A cardiac imaging CT scan takes pictures of the soft tissue of your heart, allowing your doctor to see the various parts and determine how well they are functioning. Cardiac imaging CT scans are used to diagnose a wide variety of cardiac conditions including calcium buildup in your blood vessels.
As with all CT scans you will be exposed to a small dose of radiation during the imaging test; however, your CT scan will give your doctor crucial information about your cardiac health. We always use the lowest dose of radiation possible in our CT scans to keep you safe and healthy during imaging.


text:
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
The Hearing Voices Network is a self-help user-run organization for people who 'hear voices'. Although members may have a psychiatric diagnosis, the group promotes an alternative approach, where voices are not necessarilly seen as signs of mental illness.
They argue that since some people can lead a valuable and productive existence while hearing voices, the largely drug-based and potentially coercive treatment of mainstream medicine might do more harm than good in people who can otherwise function adequately.
It was founded in 1989 in Manchester by five mental health workers, but has somewhat distanced itself from the psychiatric profession through its alternative philosophy. The general approach of the network is shared with other groups around the world, which are often grouped as the 'Hearing Voices Movement'.
Dutch psychiatrist Marius Romme, the co-author of Accepting Voices, has provided an intellectual basis for this group. He advocates a view that the hearing of voices is not necessarily an indication of mental illness, and that patients should be encouraged to explore their voices and negotiate with them.
- Romme, R. & Escher, S. (1993) Accepting Voices. ISBN _PHONE_.


text:
Liquid-Crystal-Mediated 3D Macrostructured Composite of Co/Co3O4 Embedded in Graphene: Free-Standing Electrode for Efficient Water Splitting
A free-standing, 3D, macro/microstructured atomic-cobalt/cobalt-oxide-reduced-graphene-oxide (Co/Co3O4-Gr) composite has been developed for complete water splitting. The self-assembled porous morphology associated with the metal/metal oxide active sites makes the whole surface of the electrode conducive toward catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution in alkaline media at a low onset potential. The liquid-crystal-mediated free-standing electrocatalyst shows oxygen evolution at the onset potential of 1.38 V and at the potential of 1.66 V for a current density of 10 mA cm−2. These potentials are comparable to the corresponding values for Ru/C (1.46 and 1.62 V, respectively). In addition, the promising hydrogen evolution performance of our composite compared to Pt/C in alkaline media makes it an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for comprehensive water splitting, as well as provides guidance for future electrochemical energy material technologies.


Jo Marchant on science writing: 'You need a burning curiosity'
Today we speak to Jo Marchant, a former editor for Nature and New Scientist, and author of Decoding the Heavens
DNA strands on abstract background
'I happen to have a PhD in genetics but that technical knowledge doesn't help me when writing about archaeology or physics.' Photograph: Rex Features
What makes a good science story?
There are three components to the perfect science story. The first is the intellectual leap or excitement that a particular piece of research brings. Second, the practical implications – how will this research change our lives? The third is the human story – for example a race between two feuding teams, a reclusive mathematician who makes a breakthrough (or doesn't) after working for years in his attic, or a baby saved by a new transplant technique.
You can get away with just one or two of these components if they're strong enough, but if a story scores highly on all three, you're on to something big.
What do you need to know to write well about science?
I don't find it that helpful to talk about core information that a science writer needs to know. Having background knowledge in a particular field may help you to follow what a scientist is saying or to interpret how significant a particular advance is. But it isn't essential. I happen to have a PhD in genetics but that technical knowledge doesn't help me when writing about archaeology or physics, and I know some brilliant science writers who have no formal training in science at all. Sometimes knowing too much about a subject can alienate you from your audience – you end up writing for other scientists, and it's harder to see what an ordinary person will find interesting or important about a story.
Instead, it's crucial to have the right attitude. You need a burning curiosity – about how the world works, what people are doing, why they are doing it and why it matters. Think hard about what people tell you and make sure you understand it on the deepest possible level. If you don't, keep asking questions until you do.
This goes for the technical details of a piece of research – such as why an astronomer is imaging the sky using a particular wavelength of radiation – to more human ones such as why that astronomer has dedicated his or her career to examining the sky in the first place. If you don't feel compulsively interested in such questions, don't become a science writer.
How do you choose your opening line?
I look for something concrete and specific – a small detail, but one that plunges the reader into the heart of a story and gives them no choice but to read on. Science stories are full of complex, abstract ideas, but if you start with those, readers might not make it past the first paragraph.
The scene you start with needs to be central to the theme of your article, or it will feel contrived. Ideally it should be colourful, dramatic, personal and intriguing, and it should have a certain emotion to it, so that it reflects the rest of the article in terms of the atmosphere it evokes, not just the information it contains. And of course if it's something you can return to and bounce off at the end of your piece, so much the better.
Looking back at a few of my own opening lines, I usually start with a defining feature of a place, object or person that will be key to the article. I'm trying to set a scene so the reader immediately starts to imagine themselves there:
"It looks like something from another world – nothing like the classical statues and vases that fill the rest of the echoing hall."
In search of lost time, Nature
"High in the mountains of northern Colorado, a 100-foot tall tower reaches up through the pinetops."
How meditation might ward off the effects of ageing, the Observer
"Charles Thompson hunted monsters."
The world's biggest whopper, New Scientist
"It is a strange combination of clumsiness and beauty."
The evolution machine, New Scientist
The secrets of Tutankhamun, the Observer
How do you get the best out of an interviewee?
There are probably as many different answers to this question as there are interviewees. Ideally you need to get a feel for what makes them tick. This can be tough when doing an interview on the phone, which is why it's always better to talk to someone in person if you can. Some people may respond to flattery, others to a crisp, business-like approach. It's also important that you don't care about looking dumb. Stupid-sounding questions are often the ones that get right to the heart of why something is important. And remember that you need to have a conversation on a level that is going to work for your readers. There's no point talking in jargon to impress your interviewee if the only quotes you get are much too technical to use.
Try to be aware of your interviewee's concerns – if they are pushed for time, can you call back later? If they're worried about being quoted out of context, can you explain a bit about your working process, or offer to check back quotes at the end of the interview? And don't expect them to read your mind. You'll get the best results if you explain at the start exactly what it is you need – the main points that interest you, the kind of article you're writing and the audience you're aiming for.
How do you use metaphors and analogies in a story?
I think science has a love-hate relationship with metaphors. On the one hand, all scientific theories and models are themselves metaphors to one degree or another – they are the only method we have to represent and make sense of the world, bar talking in numerical equations. On the other hand, metaphors are never a perfect fit.
For example, the popular image of the genome as an instruction book has a lot going for it, conveying the dense information content of DNA and the idea that it can be faithfully copied over and over. But using this analogy suppresses other important aspects of the genome, such as the ease with which genes interact with the environment.
Metaphors and analogies are essential to good science writing, but used unwisely they confuse or obscure rather than clarify. Don't scatter them carelessly, while congratulating yourself on the vibrancy of your prose. Select each one with precision. Why have you chosen it, what job does it do, what aspects of the metaphor do and don't work?
Another danger is that readers might take your poetic descriptions literally. I once whimsically described the Antikythera mechanism (an ancient Greek clockwork device that models the motions of the sun, moon and planets) as a "time machine" because by winding the handle you can simulate how the sky will look at any moment in the past, present or future. An angry researcher demanded that I correct my erroneous description, since the mechanism does not actually allow you to travel in time.
What do you leave out of your stories?
Knowing what to cut is something that many science writers don't think about anywhere near enough. With online content, people can write as long as they like, and I wonder if we're losing a certain discipline that came with writing a story to fit a slot on a printed page, and knowing that if you didn't cut your story to length, someone else would.
Above all, be aware of what your article is trying to achieve. What is the overall point, and what story are you trying to tell? Slice anything that doesn't work directly towards those aims, no matter how fascinating you think it is. There are countless fascinating facts in the world, but they don't all have to be in your article.
Be particularly wary about details that took a lot of effort to find out, because those are the ones that you'll be keenest to keep in, regardless of their value to the story. And make sure you're not including a quote or detail simply to prove that you spoke to someone, or visited a particular lab. If you can't say exactly what job it's doing for the reader, cut it.
After pruning the ideas and information in your article, go through it again and cut all extraneous words. Know what you want to say in each sentence and pride yourself on doing it in the fewest words possible. If you're a wonderful writer you can break these rules, but otherwise be kind to your readers. Wouldn't you prefer an elegant, flavour-packed morsel to a bloated bucketful of stodge?
It's impossible to be completely objective. We're all human, and every article is subjective to some degree. Every decision you make – what to write about, who to talk to, what quotes to include – gives a piece a certain perspective, which would be different if someone else had written it.
That said, there's a scale. Some articles are more objective than others. If you want to write a polemic, that's fine as long as it's clear to readers what you're doing, but generally I'd recommend aiming for balance. That means being honest with yourself about your own preconceptions and prejudices, and doing your best to puncture them.
What's the biggest potential pitfall when writing about science?
Obviously getting your facts wrong is a particular pitfall when writing about science. Check everything three times. And I mean everything – for one of the first articles I wrote, I checked and double-checked every last technical detail, only to realise after the article appeared that I had misspelt the researcher's name.
Otherwise, I think the biggest danger is slipping into "lecture mode" – trying to educate or impress readers. Nothing will turn them off quicker. Science writing should not be about you looking clever. Your job is to make your readers feel clever, by making your material


text:
Filtering is the way the request XML packet indicates the object (a LP or several) to which the operation will be applied. The request XML packet filters LPs using a special filter node.
Parameters, nested in the filter node are called filtering rule. A filter contains as many different filtering rule types as the number of different parameters nested in the XML presentation of the filter node. A single operation can use only parameters of the same type in the filtering rule.
The filter for this operator is presented by type LocaleFilterType (
locale.xsd) and structured as follows:
The filter node can be left blank (
). In this case all LP's on the server will be matched.
A single filter can specify multiple LP names. The filter that matches the US English and Taiwan Chinese LP's looks as follows:
If an operation in a request packet uses filters, the filter-id node is nested in a response packet. It returns the filtering rule parameter. If LP name was set as a filter rule parameter, it is returned in the filter-id node of the response packet.
It is done to trace the request parameters in case of error. Data type: anySimple.


text:
The departure of the British at the close of the revolution did not end the upheaval in the life of the Mansion. Serving as an inn for New York City-bound travelers, ownership of the house passed through many hands. Finally, in 1810, the Mansion was restored to its original purpose as a country house by the French emigrant Stephen Jumel and his wife Eliza.
Stephen and Eliza added new doorways and stained glass to the facade of the Mansion. As regular visitors to France, they furnished much of the house in the French Empire style. Many of those objects, including a bed said to have belonged to the Emperor Napoleon, remain in the Mansion today.
Stephen Jumel died in 1832, and Eliza, then one of the wealthiest women in New York, later married the former U.S. Vice President, Aaron Burr. Their marriage lasted just two years. Eliza retained ownership of the Mansion until her death in 1865. After a twenty-year court battle, which was finally settled by the U.S Supreme Court, the property was divided and sold.
The Mansion itself survived the subdivision along with a small plot of land. In 1894 it was purchased by General Ferdinand P. and Lillie Earle. In tune with the deep patriotic sentiment of the late 19th century, the Earle's revered Washington and the Mansion's history as his headquarters. They persuaded the City of New York to purchase the house and remaining property in 1903 and to preserve it as a monument to the nation's past.
In 1904 the Washington's Headquarters Association, formed by four chapters of the Daughters of the American Revolution, took on the task of operating the museum. Today, the Morris-Jumel Mansion, Inc., an independent not-for-profit corporation, assumes that responsibility.