Japanese scientists from the Utsunomiya University Center for Optical Research and Education have created a hologram that can be safely handled, according to the Toronto Star. The three-dimensional virtual objects were created using a process called "femtosecond laser technology," which takes advantage of lasers that travel at one-millionth of one-billionth of a second. These lasers are used in combination with cameras and mirrors to direct tiny points of light in specific directions in order to create high-resolution images.
"People's daily lives would change if we use a bigger laser in a bigger space where people can interact with it, and to see how it can be used in situations where three-dimensional communication is necessary such as a construction site or in the medical field," said Yoichi Ochiai, who is heading the research and published a paper outlining the unique technology.
The laser pulses respond to human touch, meaning that humans can interrupt these pulses and manipulate the pixels of the holograms in mid-air, according to Reuters. Although current light technology doesn't allow humans to interact with light as matter, Ochiai hopes to change this.
"You can't actually feel the videos or pictures, and although you can project a video, you can't interact with it by touching it," he said. "So, if we can project an image in a three dimensional form, and if you can touch it, then you can make something where you'll think that there actually is something there."
Previous efforts to create holograms that allow human interaction failed; although scientists were able to demonstrate them, the laser beams burned the skin when touched.
Currently, the technology shows potential for use in medicine, entertainment, architecture and manufacturing.


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In $\triangle ABC$ $BE$ and $AD$ are heights.
Create rectangle $AEPQ$ that $AC = AQ$ and create rectangle $DBNM$ that $BC = BN$.
Show that Area of square $LKBA$ is equal to sum of areas of rectangles.
Thanks for help :) enter image description here
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2 Answers 2
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In $\triangle ABC$, $AD$ and $BE$ are heights. Suppose they meet at $O$. Suppose $CO$ produced meets $AB$ and $LK$ at $R$ and $G$ respectively.
So $CG \parallel BK$. Join $CK$ and $AN$.
In $\triangle CBK$ and $\triangle ABN$, $$BC=BN\\ AB=BK\\ \angle ABN = \angle CBK= 90^{\circ} + \angle B$$
so $\triangle CBK$ is congruent to $\triangle ABN$.
since parallelogram $BRGK$ & $\triangle CBK$ are on same base $BK$ and $BK \parallel CG$. Equivalently, $(ARGL)=(AEPQ)$. So $$(BRGK) + (ARGL)=(BDMN)+ (AEPQ)=(ABKL)$$
Here $(XYZ)$ or $(ABCD)$ means area of the triangle $XYZ$ or quadrilateral $ABCD$.
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Hint. Say $a, b, c$ are the sides of the triangle, $a$ being $AB$, $h_a, h_b, h_c$ are its heights and $S$ is its area. The equation to prove then is $b\sqrt{a^2-h_b^2} + c\sqrt{a^2 - h_c^2} = a^2$. This follows from Pythagoras. Express $h_i$ through $S$ and see how you could transform them into $h_a$.
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Book: In the Shadow of the Banyan
Victor Frankl, as a concentration camp prisoner himself, came to understand why some people survived, others didn't, no matter their conditions. It was their will to live, their sense of purpose and self.
Vaddey Ratner, in her book "In the Shadow of the Banyan," she tells the story of the horrific Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, 1975-79. While fictional, it is in fact, Ratner's own story. Through the voice of a seven year old girl we learn of the death and destruction of people, culture, and the land itself. Her will to live, her strength in the face of starvation, deprivation extreme and loss of family bears witness to Frankl's belief.
Ratner also tells us how the regime came to power and what their objectives were through the progess of her story, which is instructive as it is the way of conflict and power worldwide. It is difficult to read of such horror, yet this book is a story of hope and it is also a piece of fine literature worthy of the praise it has received. "In the Shadow of the Banyan" is powerful, well written, and a lesson to us all.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In The Kitchen | tools
Essential Tools for a Well-Stocked Kitchen
Pot Holders and Oven Mitts
Choose thickly padded, moisture-resistant pads or gloves. Extra-long mitts are designed for reaching into the oven or working over a hot grill.
The best kind is made of stainless steel with a wire grid.
Have a ruler handy to accurately measure the diameter of any dough or crust, or the size of a pan.
Either solid or slotted, basic spatulas made of metal or heat-resistant plastic are ideal for turning foods during cooking. Long, thin metal (or icing) spatulas are used for icing cakes and other desserts; many find that offset spatulas (which are Z-shaped when viewed on the side) offer greater maneuverability. Keep a variety of rubber spatulas on hand to suit different tasks. Use a large, flexible rubber spatula to scrape out mixtures from bowls. When scraping hot mixtures from saucepans or skillets, use heat-resistant spatulas made of silicone.
Wooden spoons and spatulas are best for stirring thick mixtures, such as polenta or mashed potatoes—because they "clean" the bottom of a pot with every turn, preventing burning and sticking. Keep an assortment of sizes of metal spoons, both solid and slotted, for a variety of purposes. Use slotted spoons for removing solid foods from liquids, such as boiling water or hot oil.
A candy thermometer (or deep-fry thermometer) gauges the temperature of boiled syrups, sauces, candy mixtures, and oil for deep-frying foods. A clip-on thermometer allows you to monitor the temperature of a mixture while stirring constantly. Instant-read thermometers are designed to measure the internal temperature of foods or liquids. When the metal stem is inserted into the food, it produces an instant reading. Unlike standard meat thermometers, which gauge the temperature gradually while the meat is baking, instant-read thermometers can't be put in the oven; the plastic dial will melt.
TIP: To make sure that your thermometer is accurate, attach it to the inside of a medium saucepan and fill the pan with cold water. Bring the water to a boil and boil for 3 minutes. The thermometer should register 212° if it doesn't, take the difference into account when reading ingredient temperatures.
Digital timers with magnets adhere to metal. Clip-on timers attach to your apron or clothing, so you can do other tasks while food is cooking.
This hinged, V-shaped metal device is used to turn meat or vegetables in a skillet, on the grill, under the broiler, or over a gas flame. It's also useful for tossing and serving salads.
For most recipes, use a standard whisk—about 2 to 3 inches wide at the large end.
KNIVES AND OTHER SLICING TOOLS
This is a four-sided stainless steel grater. Each side is designed for a different purpose—such as shredding, grating, or slicing.
This is a long (8 inches or more) serrated knife used for cutting through crusty bread or delicate items, like tomatoes, using a sawing motion.
This sturdy two-pronged fork is used to steady roasts during carving.
It has a long, sturdy-but-flexible blade that slices easily through beef roasts, ham, and turkey.
This all-purpose knife (usually with an 8-inch blade) chops, slices, and dices large items or large quantities of ingredients.
Choose large wood cutting boards for efficient cutting without damaging knives or kitchen counters. Flexible plastic cutting boards can be bent after chopping, so that ingredients can be easily transferred to bowls or skillets.
Razor-sharp stainless steel microplane graters are ideal for grating all kinds of citrus rinds, as well as cheese (especially Parmesan), nutmeg, ginger, and more.
It has a 3- to 4-inch tapered blade used for peeling fruits and vegetables or cutting slits in meats for stuffing.
Scissors and Poultry Shears
Scissors are intended for general cutting; sturdy poultry shears are for cutting up chicken and game hens.
This is a manually operated slicer with adjustable blades. Hard vegetables such as carrots, potatoes, or beets, are run across the blade to obtain even slices, baton shapes, or julienne strips.
TIP: Some chefs and home cooks use a mandoline, a pricey and complex piece of machinery that can make plain, crinkle-, or waffle-cut slices and julienne strips in a range of thicknesses, from paper-thin to chunky. In the Bon Appétit test kitchen, we prefer the simpler and less expensive V-slicer, which is much easier to use.
Cardboard Cake Rounds
Putting a fragile cake layer or tart on a cardboard round allows for easy transfer from one surface to another.
Cookie and Biscuit Cutters
The best cutters are made of metal, which results in a clean cut. Keep an assortment of shapes and sizes on hand, and be sure to include several sizes of biscuit cutters.
Placing cakes, pies, and other baked goods on racks allows air to circulate underneath for quick, even cooling.
Parchment and Waxed Paper
Use waxed paper to line cake pans (it helps remove the cake layer from the pan); parchment paper, which is heatproof, can be used to line baking sheets.
Pastry Bag and Tips
Used for more than just decorating cakes, pies, and other desserts, a pastry bag with a variety of tips is terrific for piping out cookie batter, meringue, and dough into various shapes. Purchase both plain and star tips in large, medium, and small sizes.
Use these for jobs like brushing down pan sides when making sugar syrups, applying egg washes to loaves of bread, and brushing butter over layers of pastry.
These small metal or ceramic pellets are used to keep the sides of pie and tart crusts from shrinking during "blind baking" (see "How-Tos" for more on blind baking.)
TIP: If you don't have pie weights, dried beans can be used as a substitute.
French-style pins without handles offer better control. Choose a heavy one for more efficiency.
These nonstick silicone baking mats (used on top of metal baking sheets) are great for baking cookies. The cookies slide right off.
Slender skewers are best for testing cakes and other baked goods.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE TOOLS
A press is used to "mince" garlic cloves by squeezing them through perforated holes with a plunger—without getting garlic all over a knife, your counter, or your fingers.
TIP: Choose a heavy-duty metal press that comes with a self-cleaning tool; too lightweight a press will only mash the garlic, not mince it.
Used primarily to scoop out decorative balls of melon, it can also be used to core fruits, such as pears.
A swivel-bladed peeler is more maneuverable than other types, following the contours of vegetables and fruits so that just the skins are removed.
TIP: A vegetable peeler can also be used to create long, thin ribbons of cucumbers, carrots, and zucchini, as well as chocolate curls.
The five-pronged zester will remove the colored peel from citrus fruits in long, thin strips, leaving behind the bitter white pith.
MEAT AND POULTRY TOOLS
Bulb Baster (Also Known as a Turkey Baster)
With a plastic, glass, or metal tube and a squeezable end, this is used to baste turkeys and other meats. Glass or metal is preferable; the plastic ones can become warped by the heat of the basting liquid.
Use food-safe string to tie roasts and chickens.
A mallet is used primarily for pounding boneless meat and poultry into thinner pieces. Mallets often have two sides, one with a ridged surface that breaks down the meat, thus tenderizing it, and a smooth side for flattening.
TIP: Mallets can also be used to crush candies or spices in resealable plastic bags.
For grilling and serving kebabs, metal skewers are preferable to wooden ones because they can take more weight and won't burn on the barbecue.


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To involve means to connect. When you get involved in the Spanish Club, you attend meetings and events. If doing math well is involved in understanding advanced chemistry, that means it's a necessary part of it.
When someone is very involved, it means they are engaged or connected to a lot of activities. When someone is self-involved, all they connect with is him or herself. If getting ice cream involves walking a mile to the ice cream shop, the exercise offsets the indulgence. When no exercise is involved, it's less healthy.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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AT7 PVC Electrical Insulation Tape
AT7 is a high quality electrical PVC insulation tape suitable for general electrical insulation work.
This PVC tape is clean peel and used for many applications including colour coding electrical cables, masking, coil wrapping and many more. AT7 is flame retardant and self extinguishing so is safe to use on electrical cables. The tape is ideal for indoor and outdoor use.
Available in a range of colours and sizes.
These tapes are extremely versatile and have the following benefits and uses;
- Flame retardant.
- Self extinguishing.
- Easy tear.
- Easy unwind.
- Flexible, will conform to awkward shapes.
- Water resistant.
- UV resistant
- Aggressive, Non-corrosive adhesive.
- Conforms to BS EN60454 Type 2.
- Vast selection of colours and sizes.
- Automotive -Loom harnessing within higher temperature areas of the body compartment. Colour coding of cables.
- Electrical – Electrical insulation of cables. Colour coding electrical cables.
- Electrical appliance manufactures – Harnessing, waterproofing, insulating, abrasion protection and packaging.
- Electronics – Degaussing and rotational coil wrapping. Insulating, circuit identification and cable bundling.
- Chemical – Insulation and corrosion protection. Masking during chemical process plating.
- Construction – Protection during shot blasting. Light duty pipe wrapping. Prevention of electrolytic corrosion.
- Brewery trade – Pipe wrapping.


Top Choice National Park in Nemunas Delta
Nemunas Delta Regional Park
Where the Nemunas, Lithuanian's largest river, spills into the Curonian lagoon, it splits into four distributaries: the Skirvytė, the Atmata, the Pakalnė and the Gilija. The result is a wetland Delta of surpassing b…
Bird Sanctuary in Nemunas Delta
Ventės Ragas Ornithological Station
The first bird-ringing station was established here in 1929, but it was not until 1959 to 1960 that large bird traps were installed. Today, around 100,000 birds pass through the station each migratory period; zigzag…
Museum in Nemunas Delta
Polder Museum
Housed in an old water-pumping station on the Vilkinė, this museum shows the basic technology with which Nemunas farmers have tried to keep the waters at bay. In Uostadvaris village, on Rusnė.
Museum in Nemunas Delta
Ethnographic Farmstead Museum
This museum (signposted 1.8km from Rusnė) exhibits tools, furnishings and three venerable farm buildings, giving a sense of the harsh basics of traditional Delta life.


text:
In English, many things are named after a particular country – but have you ever wondered what those things are called in those countries?
1(for book)señalador masculinemarcador masculine
- Awareness material including bookmarks, car stickers and posters will be distributed.
- I mumbled, putting the bookmark in my book, sitting up and picking up the phone.
- In the vain hope that if she ignored him, he might go away, she took out her book again, opening it to where her bookmark had marked her spot.
- Sighing, she unwillingly placed her bookmark in the book, and went to open the door for Chris.
- She placed the bookmark in her book, set it down on the chair beside her, stood, squared her shoulders and marched into the house.
- She stared at the shut door for a moment, before putting the supermarket receipt she used as a bookmark in to mark her place and carefully closing the book.
- And most importantly, who had an opportunity to put the bookmark into my book?
- Two separate competitions were held, to design a bookmark and to write a review of one's favourite book.
- I put my bookmark in the book and placed it in the pocket in front of me.
- I use a bookmark and make any notes at the back of the book.
- He put his bookmark in his book, and bent to pick his other fallen books off of the ground.
- I dug out the book, which has a bookmark about half-way through that marks the point where I finally threw it against the wall in frustration.
- I asked and sat up, putting my bookmark in the book and setting it down on my bedside table.
- And then, almost as if on cue, the doorbell rang, and hastily placed her bookmark in the book and jumped up to answer the door.
- It contains books, journals, little cards and bookmarks.
- I like to choose the right bookmark for the book I'm reading, and I like to laminate the ones I use a lot.
- These contain bookmarks and colouring books and are intended to promote and boost children's love for reading.
- She put a bookmark in her book and shut it.
- The bookmark was an 8 ½ inch leather strip with small lead weights at each end.
- I like making bookmarks, note cards and gift tags.
2Computingmarcador masculinefavoritos masculine
- That means Web page bookmarks, stock lists, and weather settings have to be stored on the PC rather than the player.
- Now a new, free, service aims to provide users with personal website directories enabling them to access their bookmarks from any PC in the world.
- They will cost you time, though, because you access your bookmarks via an Internet connection.
- Same site, same people, new host, new address so update those bookmarks!
- All basic PDF functions are possible, including scrolling, paging, text searches, bookmarks and page rotation.
- Entry pages generally show that the visitor may have bookmarked your site on that page, probably because of its valuable content.
- Perhaps you could try bookmarking the login page in case that stops working again.
- While the new location is better, the previous URL will have been bookmarked by thousands of people.
- But as we've already explored, bookmarking pages within an application is generally discouraged.
- Web pages that users bookmarked did not match the most-popular sites visited as a whole from the group.
English has borrowed many of the following foreign expressions of parting, so you've probably encountered some of these ways to say goodbye in other languages.
Many words formed by the addition of the suffix –ster are now obsolete - which ones are due a resurgence?
As their breed names often attest, dogs are a truly international bunch. Let's take a look at 12 different dog breed names and their backstories.


text:
Improve what shows for you on Google News
You can have Google News show more of the kinds of stories you want and fewer of those you don't. Personalization can help you see content that interests you more easily and quickly.
You can teach Google News what you want to read by using it. More use helps "For you" get better. You can also directly tell Google News what you like.
Note: This feature is only available if you're signed in to your Google Account.
- Under a story you like, tap More.
- To see more stories like it, tap More stories like this.
- Find a topic, place, or publication you like. Either:
- At the top, tap Search. Enter your interest or tap a listed interest.
- At the bottom, tap Newsstand Popular. Scroll down and tap a listed interest.
- Tap Follow.
- Under a story you don't like, tap More.
- To see fewer stories like it, tap Fewer stories like this.
- To see no more stories from that source, tap Hide all.
Change your interests
To stop following an interest, open it and tap Following. Or at the bottom, tap Following View all and manage More Stop following.
Adjust what shows based on past activity
You can see your searches and other activity saved to your Google Account in My Activity. Google News can personalize based on some of those activities.
Find what you want on Google News
You can find different kinds of coverage on Google News, including:
- Subjects with the same coverage for readers
- Stories picked based on your settings and activity


text:
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE06-07
to Conduct Aerial Survey of Deer in Kensico Basin
Commissioner Emily Lloyd of the New York City Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP) announced today that within the
next two weeks the DEP is going to conduct an aerial survey of
the deer population in the area surrounding the Kensico Reservoir
The survey will use an infrared camera mounted on
a single engine Cessna airplane, and will be conducted at night
from an altitude of approximately 1000 feet. The study will
map the deer population within a 4-mile by 6-mile area of Westchester
covering the Kensico drainage basin.
"Deer can have a detrimental effect on watershed
areas by reducing or eliminating forest regeneration," said
Commissioner Lloyd. "Damage to the forests can lead
to loose or unstable soil, which then increases the amount of soil
that runs off into the water system during and after a rainfall
or snow melt. More data are needed if officials are to develop
an effective strategy for managing the deer herd in the county."
A healthy, vigorously growing forest consumes more
nutrients, reducing the amount of nutrients in watercourses and
reservoirs and thereby aiding in water quality protection. A
resilient forest with various sizes of trees is also able to recover
faster from various events, such as damage from weather.
DEP has worked extensively with Westchester County
and Pace University on the effects of whitetail deer. A conference
on deer management was held at Pace in November 2005, which led
to the decision by DEP to conduct the deer survey.
Survey work will be done by Vision Air Research
of Boise, Idaho, using a red and white Cessna. The flight
will be coordinated with the Federal Aviation Administration so
as to not interfere with operations at Westchester County Airport.


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Constant expression is required
A Const statement does not properly initialize a constant, or an array declaration uses a variable to specify the number of elements.
Error ID: BC30059
To correct this error
 1. If the declaration is a Const statement, check to make sure the constant is initialized with a literal, a previously declared constant, an enumeration member, or a combination of literals, constants, and enumeration members combined with operators.
 2. If the declaration specifies an array, check to see if a variable is being used to specify the number of elements. If so, replace the variable with a constant expression.
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
Investigating accounts: purpose
The main purpose of investigating accounts is to make sure that significant amounts of tax are not lost as a result of errors, omissions, under-valuations or improper claims for relief. But we also make adjustments in the taxpayers' favour where, for example, tax has been incorrectly calculated or reliefs that are properly due have not been claimed.
This work will involve you in
- checking or identifying property (IHTM04030) that is chargeable to tax
- valuing (IHTM09701) that property, and
- agreeing what reliefs, exemptions (IHTM11000) or deductions (IHTM28000) are allowable against that property.
All files received are subject to an initial risk assessment. The extent to which you investigate an account will largely depend on the likely risk of tax being lost. But in PC&S there are separate instructions for caseworkers on what enquiries you can make and the extent to which you investigate a file is more limited. This section of the manual is intended to provide guidance on how you should carry out investigations in Compliance Group.


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Thesis statement against welfare
For simpler thesis statement on welfare outlining resources, see chapter the meteor project was the russian federation region territory of concerns regarding the. According to the animal welfare act right now all animals except rodents and birds are protected under law against cruelty, but are still being used in testing. What would be a good thesis statement for social welfare what would be a good thesis statement for social welfare and other caretakers to get their child to calm. An argument against welfare reform much has been made of the economic benefits of welfare reform, but commentator lester spence argues that 10 years after. Drug testing & welfare : should welfare recipients be drug tested to recipients of welfare benefits violated their fourth amendment rights against.
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Thesis statement against welfare
Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on argumentative essay on welfare thesis statement: in the modern day. 91 developing a strong, clear thesis statement revised thesis: the welfare system keeps a socioeconomic class from gaining employment by alluring members of. This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can discover or refine one for your draft. Tips for writing a strong thesis statement for a research paper about animal cruelty a thesis being a document used to qualify a candidate in the pursuit of an.
We provide excellent essay writing service 24/7 enjoy proficient essay writing and custom writing services provided by professional academic writers. First, there is thomas frank's thesis in his book "what's the matter with kansas": moochers against welfare today's paper | subscribe. Arguments against a welfare state - america is the greatest however one reason that this statement is repeated over and over again is the fact that. Dialectical thesis statements of american social welfare policy over people could hold clashing beliefs or why they seemed to act against their own.
- Good thesis statement against animal thesis statement – animal testing according to the animal welfare act right now all animals except rodents and birds are.
- Product testing on animals is considered wrong by many and is against animal rights animal welfare vs animal rights this essay will present a thesis.
- It depends on your stance on the subject if you are against welfare you should say something like welfare is a negative aspect of the governments.
- Argumentative (outline and thesis statement) topic: animal testing thesis statement: it is against animal rights 4.
Thesis statement for welfare, masters in education thesis on correlation, how to write doctoral dissertation proposal, how to conclude a dissertation, essay my sweet. Thesis statement animal rights is important because it protects animals animal rights is a right that prevent animals to be killed by humans is our. Congress enacted the first form of welfare in the 1970s now politicians debate its need and effectiveness this sample essay explores why it is necessary. Any one of these thesis statement examples against violent video games, so your thesis a strong thesis statement 1) the welfare of the.


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This recipe allows you to filter a report for follow-up tickets. It can be used to include or exclude those tickets.
Skill level: Intermediate
Time: 15-30 minutes
This recipe requires two custom metrics and a numeric range filter.
Step 1: Create Ticket Creation Events metric
Use the recipe from this article: Insights recipe: Ticket creation events. Make it a global metric, so you can use it in any report.
Step 2: Create Follow-Up Tickets metric
Open the metric editor and create this metric:
- SELECT IFNULL((SELECT(SELECT Ticket Creation Events WHERE Ticket Update Via=Closed Ticket) BY Ticket Id ALL OTHER WITHOUT PF), 0)
Please note: You can't copy and paste in the metric editor. The color-coded items need to be selected from the Elements pick-list on the right:
- Ticket Creation Events is the metric from Step 1. It will be under Metrics
- Ticket Update Via and Ticket Id are under Attributes
- Closed Ticket is under Attribute Values > Ticket Update Via
- When you select "Attribute Values," it will show you the Attributes list. That's normal. Select "Ticket Update Via" to see all available values, then add "Closed Ticket."
Make this a global metric as well, so you can add it to any report.
The "BY Ticket Id ALL OTHER WITHOUT PF" portion means this metric will only consider Ticket IDs; it will ignore all other report and dashboard filters. (The PF stands for Parent Filter.) The underlying Ticket Creation Events metric is only looking at one specific ticket update. On its own, it may not accurately filter a report on other ticket updates. This "ALL OTHER" portion means the metric always applies to the ticket as a whole. It makes the metric more effective as a filter, but less useful to display under WHAT.
Step 3: Add a Numeric Range Filter
You do not need to display these metrics in the report under WHAT. You just need to create and save them, so they'll be available for a filter.
Create a report based on ticket data, then add a Numeric Range Filter:
- For the Attribute, choose Ticket Id
- For the Metric, choose the Follow-Up Tickets metric from Step 2
- For the Range, you have two options:
- "Is equal to 0" means you will only see tickets that are NOT follow-up tickets
- "Is equal to 1" means you will only see tickets that ARE follow-up tickets
Finding other types of tickets
This recipe is designed to find follow-up tickets specifically. You can easily modify the recipe to find other types of tickets instead.
For example, to find tickets from different channels, pick different values for Ticket Update Via. To find tickets created by agents, add a condition for the Updater Role.
You can get into a lot of detail with the conditions in this metric. As long as the overall metric follows this template, it should behave the same way in filters.


text:
power plant layout line diagram in philippines
RULES ON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND POWER PIPING LINES,, b The detail layout of the equipment/machinery to be shown powered by the engine c The method of the main drive, whether belt/s or others must be presented d The piping installation especially those within a height of 213 meters from the floor line e Guarding of moving or power transmission parts 4Single Line Diagram of Power Supply System, Single Line Diagram of Power Supply System The electrical energy is produced at generating stations, and through the transmission network, it is transmitted to the consumers Between the generating stations and the distribution stations, three different levels of voltage (transmission, sub-transmission and distribution level of voltage) are usedUtility, photovoltaic (PV) power plants are growing rapidly for both utility-scale and distributed power generation applications Reductions in costs driven by technological advances, economies of scale in manufacturing, and innovations in financing have brought solar power,Diesel Engine Power Plant, Technical Specification for Diesel Power Plant Estimated Total Power Demand - General Arrangement Drawing for Ge-nset - General Layout for Power Plant - Electrical Panel Layout - Outline Drawings for Equipment - Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - Single Line Diagram - Sequence Diagram for Panels - Control Logic Diagram - Instrument Liststeam power plant layout diagram, Layout of steam power plant Nov 24, 2016 CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANTS reasons: 1 Steam can be raised quickly from water 2 It does not react much with materials 3 It is stable at temperatures required in the plant LAYOUT OF STEAM POWER PLANT: The layout of steam power plant has the following circuits: 1 Fuel (Coal) and ash,.
Diesel Power Plant: [Layout, Working, Advantages, Diagrams], May 13, 2020· The layout of Diesel Power Plant The layout of a diesel power plant is shown in the figure Air from the atmosphere is drawn into the compressor and it is compressed The compressed air is sent to the diesel engine through the air filter In the air filter, dust, dirt from the air is filtered and only clean air is sent to the diesel enginePower plants layout, the nominal power (See also Chapter 15 "Isolated operation mode" and Chapter 16 "Load steps") 11221 Back-up power operation Taking due account of the appropriate additional measures required, the CHP plant can also be used to provide a back-up power supply, covering the demand for power in the event of a network power failure as per :TM 5, TM 5-811-6 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 Purpose a General: This manual provides engineering data and criteria for designing electric power plants where the size and characteristics of the electricHANDBOOK ON CONSTruCTION TECHNIquES, A Transmission Lines 11 Design Criteria 11 Construction Practice, their Environmental Impacts, Mitigation and Work process 12 B Distribution Lines 36 Design Criteria 36 Construction Practice, their Environmental Impacts, Mitigation and Work process 37 IV Stages of Power Substation Project Design, Construction and Related Environmental(PDF) Design of 100 MW LNG Floating Barge Power Plant, Dec 05, 2020· The power plant owned by PLTDG with 200 MW electricity production capacity is operated using LNG gas and diesel fuel (HSD/LFO) Due to,.
Power Plant Cycle Diagram, power plant cycle [company name] drawn checked date drawing no FEED WATER HEATER BOILER PRE-HEATER HP TURBINE LP TURBINE GENERATOR CONDENSATE PUMP FEED PUMP CONDENSER POWER MANAGEMENT STEAM TRAP STEAM & WATER LINE ELECTRIC LINE HP GOVERNOR CONTROL VALVE NET OUTPUT 36 MW (PEAK)Types of Electrical Drawing and Diagrams, Single Line Diagram or One-line Diagram Single Line diagram (SLD) or one-line diagram is the representation of an electrical circuit using a single line As the name suggests, a single line is used to denote the multiple power lines such as in 3 phase systemDesign and Construction Overview of the Biggest Coal Fired,, poration an order from BLCP Power Limited for a power plant which will be Thailand's first large scale bituminous coal-fired power plant on a full turn-key (FTK) basis to conduct Engineering, Procurement and supply of equipment, and Construction including civil work 2 Project overview The BLCP power plant is situated in the Map Ta Phutsingle line diagram of power system | One line diagram,, Oct 25, 2019· Find more details, circuit schematics and the source code hereA one-line diagram or single-line diagram is a simplified notation for representing a three-p,Draw a Single Line Diagram for 100KVA Power Sub Station,, Oct 18, 2017· Facebook Page: https://webfacebook/nanoparkpalDear viewers,I am Palash Majumder & welcome to Nano ParkToday I will show you How to Draw a Single Line D,.
Design of Electrical Power Supply System in an Oil and Gas,, Figure 21: Design of Power Supply in a Plant Figure 22: Consumed power calculation Figure 23: short circuit ratings of copper conductor and XLPE insulated cables (kA-Second) Figure 31: Overall single line diagram Figure 32: Schematic drawing of a network Figure,Hydroelectric Power Plant : Layout, Working and Types,, Layout and working of hydroelectric power plant The above image shows the typical layout of a hydroelectric power plant and its basic components Dam and Reservoir: The dam is constructed on a large river in hilly areas to ensure sufficient water storage at heightConcept of energy transmission & distribution, Dec 20, 2013· Simplified Diagram of Power System 5 6 Generating Station The commonly used power plants are: Thermal Power Plant Nuclear Power Plant Hydro Power Plant Gas Turbine Power Plant Combined Cycle Power Plant 6 7 One-Line Diagram of Generating Station Fig1: Simplified Connection Diagram,Typical Electrical Drawing Symbols and Conventions, Basics 1 Overall Plant 1-Line Basics 2 72 kV Bus 1-Line : Basics 3 416 kV Bus 1-Line : Basics 4 600 V 1-Line : Basics 5 480 V MCC 1-Line : Basics 6 72 kV 3-Line Diagram : Basics 7 416 kV 3-Line Diagram : Basics 8 AOV Elementary & Block Diagram, Diagram : Basics 16 Wiring (or Connection) Diagram : Basics 17 Tray & Conduit Layout Drawing,Modeling & Single, Modeling & Single-Line Views Create, configure, customize, and manage your electrical system model Core modeling and tools allow you to quickly and easily build 3-phase, 2-phase, 1-phase, AC / DC network one-line diagrams with unlimited buses and elements including detailed instrumentation and grounding components.
Steam Power Plant, Steam Power Plant: Here now we going to discuss only steam power station or steam power generation plant and all other power station in next coming articlWe have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam,Single Line Diagram of Power Plant : Power Systems, Nov 15, 2018· For Ex: BFP,AHP and CHP Aux Transformers,Lightning and welding Transformers etc The station transformer derive power from EHV buses and deliver to the station buses [Buses 3 to 6] Single Line Diagram of Power Plant The Notation of the SLD components are as follows GTGenerator Transformer; Rating: 3 phase 315 MVA 165/400KV STStation,Electrical Plan Design, The Design Process An electrical design goes through several impor-tant stages of development First, the designer must understand the scope of the project Then, the de-signer defines and designs each component (such as general office areas, specialized machinery, and power distribution equipment) to recognized in-dustry standardsSingle Line Diagram of Power System, Single Line Diagram of Power System Definition: Single line diagram is the representation of a power system using the simple symbol for each component The single line diagram of a power system is the network which shows the main connections and arrangement of the system components along with their data (such as output rating, voltage, resistance and reactance, etc)Schematic Diagram of Diesel Power Station, Diesel Power Station: Here I am going to explain you the different types of power generating stations or power plant First, let us know what is the function of a power generating stationA power generating station or power plant uses various sources like hydel energy, thermal energy, diesel, nuclear energy to produce bulk electric powerHere now we are going to discuss how the energy of,.
Plant Design CHEN 451, 1-Design: design is a creative activity and is defined as the synthesis, the putting together of ideas to achieve a desired purpose Also it can be defined as the creation of manufacturing process to fulfill a particular need The need may be public need or commercial opportunityPower Plant Electrical Distribution Systems, Power Plant Electrical Distribution Systems Gary W Castleberry, PE 2008 PDH Center, generally the same is because utilities have perfected these plant design over the last century and continue to use what is a proven approach When the, The following one-line diagram shows a typical power plant electrical distribution systemThermal Power Plant, Today We will study the Definition, Component, Layout, Working Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages, Application, PDF of the Thermal Power Plant Thermal Power Plant: In the 18 th century, the Thermal Power Plant exists with a lot of improvements in the reciprocating steam engine (This reciprocating steam engine is used to develop the steam and


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Estate Planning for People with Disabilities - The Special Needs Trust
What is a trust?
A trust is a legal document that directs the management and distribution
of assets. Many people with disabilities benefit from trusts
because they provide financial resources without compromising eligibility
for public benefits. The person or entity creating or funding the
trust is the grantor. The person who receives the benefit,
or on whose behalf the trust is created, is the beneficiary.
The grantor appoints a trustee which can be a person(s) or
an entity such as a bank to manage the trust and distribute the trust's
assets/funds for the benefit of the beneficiary.
Special Needs Trust
A special needs trust, sometimes called a supplemental needs trust,
provides financial resources for people with disabilities. By
establishing a special needs trust, financial assets are preserved and
protected and those assets are not counted against the individual in
determining eligibility for public benefits like Supplemental Security
Income (SSI), Medicaid, and subsidized housing. In addition to
preserving eligibility, the funds in the trust can be used to purchase
things beyond what public benefits may pay for like assistive technology,
clothing, and entertainment.
Types of Trusts
There are three types of special needs trusts and each has specific provisions and/or limitations.
A first party trust is one in which the beneficiary's own
assets are used to create the trust. This will often be appropriate
when the beneficiary has received an inheritance or a court settlement
that would otherwise disqualify him/her from government benefits. The
government benefits will be preserved as long as:
- The beneficiary is under the age of 65.
- The disability meets the definition/standards of the Social Security Administration.
- The trust specifies it is for the personal benefit of the beneficiary.
- The trust is established by a parent, grandparent, legal guardian, or a court.
The trust contains a Medicaid payback provision, which means that
after the beneficiary dies, the state will receive all amounts
remaining in the trust up to the amount that was paid out by
Medicaid for health care expenses.
A third party trust is one for which assets are provided
by someone other than the beneficiary. Typically a parent or
grandparent establishes the trust to specifically preserve the
beneficiary's eligibility for government benefits. As with the
first party trust, the age and disability definition apply.
However, the trust is not required to include a Medicaid payback
provision and may include instructions for the allocation of leftover
assets upon the beneficiary's death.
A pooled trust is established and administered by an
organization, typically a nonprofit, to manage and disburse the assets
of many individuals' special needs trusts. Each person has an
individual account. If an individual with a disability enters a
pooled trust with his/her own resources to create the trust, it must
generally meet the requirements of a first party trust, except for the
age requirement; thus the pooled trust is the only special needs trust
that can be established for a person with a disability age 65 or over.
A principal benefit of a pooled trust is that it will handle
small accounts, so people with modest assets have access to
sophisticated trust services since the pooled trust takes care of
accounting, tax preparation, investment decisions, and serves as the
trustee. For Fairfax County residents, pooled trusts are
administered by The Arc of
Northern Virginia and The Commonwealth Community Trust.
What expenses can special needs trusts cover?
It is important to remember that the trustee has absolute discretion in the disbursement of funds and those disbursements must be for the personal benefit of the beneficiary. Because the purpose of the trust is to provide supplemental support, any funds spent for basic needs could result in a reduction of government benefits.
Among other things, the funds of a special needs trust can be spent for the following:
- Transportation (car expenses, bus fare, etc.);
- Rehabilitation and therapy;
- Case management;
- Health insurance premiums;
- Dental care;
- Companion care;
- Durable medical equipment;
- Entertainment; and
Personal care items.
How to establish a trust
Special needs trusts are legal documents with very specific wording. They should be prepared by a qualified trust attorney who has experience in these types of trusts. If you need assistance finding an attorney, the Fairfax Bar Association has a referral program.


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A number of schools in Scotland is looking to spread the word of cheap energy bills by becoming the first in the country to test out new energy meters.
The meters are designed to show exactly how much gas, water and electricity each school is using and as well as helping deliver cheap energy bills, teachers are hoping they can be used to demonstrate to pupils how to cut energy bills in general.
Kenmore, Longforgan, Stanley and the Royal School of Dunkeld primary schools in Perthshire have become the first in the country to pilot the devices, which have been created by eco energy technology company Ewgeco.
Anne Burrell, head of Kenmore primary school said the arrival of the new devices would not only help to cut the school's energy bills, but could also be used to promote energy efficiency among the children, as well as getting them interested in environmentally-friendly businesses.
"It has given the children an insight into the world of enterprise and innovation as they have followed the design process throughout the past year," she explained.
Earlier this month, it was reported that a school in Cornwall had installed a wind turbine in its grounds, in a move that could help it pursue cheap energy rates.
If you want to find out more about switching energy suppliers and how you could save up to £378 in minutes, click here.


Understanding Caching in Asp.Net MVC with example
Shailendra Chauhan Print 5 min read
05 Jan 2013
06 Aug 2018
Caching is a most important aspect of high-performance web application. Caching provides a way of storing frequently accessed data and reusing that data. Practically, this is an effective way for improving web application's performance.
Advantage of Caching
 1. Reduce hosting server round-trips
 When content is cached at the client or in proxies, it cause minimum request to server.
 2. Reduce database server round-trips
 When content is cached at the web server, it can eliminate the database request.
 3. Reduce network traffic
 When content is cached at the client side, it it also reduce the network traffic.
 4. Avoid time-consumption for regenerating reusable content
 When reusable content is cached, it avoid the time consumption for regenerating reusable content.
 5. Improve performance
 Since cached content reduce round-trips, network traffic and avoid time consumption for regenerating reusable content which cause a boost in the performance.
Key points about Caching
 1. Use caching for contents that are accessed frequently.
 2. Avoid caching for contents that are unique per user.
 3. Avoid caching for contents that are accessed infrequently/rarely.
 4. Use the VaryByCustom function to cache multiple versions of a page based on customization aspects of the request such as cookies, role, theme, browser, and so on.
 5. For efficient caching use 64-bit version of Windows Server and SQL Server.
 6. For database caching make sure your database server has sufficient RAM otherwise, it may degrade the performance.
 7. For caching of dynamic contents that change frequently, define a short cache–expiration time rather than disabling caching.
Output Cache Filter
The OutputCache filter allow you to cache the data that is output of an action method. By default, this attribute filter cache the data till 60 seconds. After 60 sec, if a call was made to this action then ASP.NET MVC will cache the output again.
Enabling Output Caching
You can enable the output caching for an action method or controller by adding an [OutputCache] attribute as shown below:
[OutputCache(Duration=20, VaryByParam="none")]
public ActionResult Index()
 ViewBag.Message = DateTime.Now.ToString();
 return View();
The output of the Index() action method will be cached for 20 seconds. If you will not defined the duration, it will cached it for by default cache duration 60 sec. You can see the cache effect by applying the break point on index method as shown below.
OutputCache Filter Parameter
Specify the time in sec to cache the content
Specify the semicolon separated list of character set (Content encoding like gzip and deflate) that the output cache uses to vary the cache content
Specify the semicolon separated list of HTTP header names that are used to vary the cache content.
Output Caching Location
By default, content is cached in three locations: the web server, any proxy servers, and the user's browser. You can control the content's cached location by changing the location parameter of the OutputCache attribute to any of the following values: Any, Client, Downstream, Server, None, or ServerAndClient.
By default, the location parameter has the value Any which is appropriate for most the scenarios. But there are scenarios when you required more control over the cached data.
Suppose you want to cache the logged in use information then you should cache the data on client browser since this data is specific to a user. If you will cache this data on the server, all the user will see the same information that is wrong.
You should cache the data on the server which is common to all the users and is sensitive.
Configure Cache Location
For configuring the cache location, you need to add the System.Web.UI namespace on your controller. You can cached the user's personal information in his browser like as below.
[OutputCache(Duration = 7200, Location = OutputCacheLocation.Client, VaryByParam = "none", NoStore = true)]
public ActionResult Index()
 ViewBag.Message = "Welcome : " + User.Identity.Name;
 return View();
What do you think?
I hope you have got what is caching and how it works. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.
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This eleven-shilling tempest started in 1786 in a local Court of Requests in Yarmouth, then generated, sequentially, a perjury indictment, three jury trials at the assizes (all before special juries), a jury verdict for £3,000 with costs of £800, an indictment for libeling the public justice of England, and a fourth jury trial (also before a special jury). Among the questions that the proceedings invite are: Why did the parties risk being bankrupted by this seemingly trivial dispute? How open to challenge were jury verdicts? When could a jury verdict be overturned because the damages assessed by the jury were considered by the reviewing court to be excessive? Could a jury verdict be thrown out based on a post-trial affidavit of one or more of the jurors claiming that the verdict had been reached by an improper method? How impressionable were the jurors, even special jurors, in response to the eloquence and forensic skills of the barristers? Who ultimately paid for the preparation and conduct of this pile of proceedings?
Monday, December 12, 2011
Oldham on Abusing Justice in 18th-Century England
Posted by Dan Ernst
James C. Oldham, Georgetown University Law Center, has posted Only Eleven Shillings: Abusing Public Justice in England in the Late Eighteenth Century, a paper he presented at this year's annual meeting of the Americn Society for Legal History. It will appear in the Green Bag in 2012. Here is the abstract:


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Virtopsy: the virtual autopsy
Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when used with 3-D imaging technology, create vivid images of the interior of the human body. Dr. Richard Dirnhoter and Dr. Michael Thali and thier team of specialists at the University of Bern's Institute of Forensic Medicine, Switzerland are using these new imaging technologies to develop "Virtopsy"—a bloodless and minimally invasive "virtual autopsy" procedure to examine bodies for causes of death.
Virtopsy detects internal bleeding, bullet paths, and hidden fractures hard to find in a traditional autopsy. The MSCT and MRI aid in picturing fracture patterns, bone and missile fragmentation, brain contusion, 3-D bullet localization, gas embolism, and blood aspiration to the lung.
Unlike traditional autopsy, Virtopsy does not destroy human tissue. It can be used when religious beliefs prohibit, or families object to, the cutting open of the body. The developers of Virtopsy do not envision the procedure as a replacement for traditional autopsy but as a tool to be used in cases where dissection of the body is not feasible or where forensic evidence is particularly hard to visualize.


Methods of Execution and the Search for Perfection
Gerard Magliocca
You may also like...
8 Responses
 1. Mike Stern says:
 Life in prison's no party either.
 2. Badly Botched Oklahoma Execution Suggests Simple Alternative
 To Avoid the Many Problems of Lethal Injections, Put Them on the Pill
 WASHINGTON, D.C. (May 1, 2014): Oklahoma's badly botched execution, in which an inmate reportedly writhed in pain from a "blown" vein line before finally dying 43 minutes later from an apparent heart attack, is only the latest in a long line of problems and failures from using lethal injection as a method of capital punishment, notes public interest law professor John Banzhaf.
 But that doesn't mean that the will of the people in the large number of states where capital punishment has been approved must be thwarted, he says, since there is a simple alternative which avoids virtually all of the problems involved with injecting lethal drugs – putting the condemned on the pill.
 Virtually all of the problems associated with using drugs to execute convicted murderers occur because the drugs are being injected. These many problems include finding a suitable vein, positioning the needle, making sure the catheter is properly located, being sure it doesn't come out, using a syringe, problems with tubing which may crimp or clog, etc.
 Problems also include finding people competent to start and maintain intravenous lines who are not prohibited from participating in executions by ethical and professional guidelines, locating sufficient quantities of injectable drugs now that many drug companies are trying to prevent them from being used in executions, and a federal judge who has barred the importation of most of those drugs because the FDA has not found them to be both safe and effective to kill people – an obvious contradiction for drugs used in executions, says Banzhaf.
 Fortunately, there appears to be a simple, easy, and inexpensive means to avoid many of these problems, including drug company restrictions on the sale of injectable drugs, expiration dates on injectable drugs now facing several states, and the so-called "botched executions" involving injecting lethal drugs cited by death penalty opponents â€" putting the condemned on the pill.
 Since most of the concerns of using drugs for capital punishment involve problems with injecting the drug, an obvious alternative for possibly meeting constitutional muster would be for states to simply use pills rather than injections to administer drugs such as barbiturates whose lethal properties are well known and very clearly established.
 "Providing a condemned man with barbiturate pills to cause a quick and painless death does not require any trained (much less medical) personnel, and could avoid the many medical problems with injections as well as restrictions and expiration dates on injectable drugs," suggests Banzhaf.
 If the prisoner refuses to take the pills, or only pretends to swallow them, he can hardly complain about unconstitutional "cruel and unusual punishment" if the state thereafter has to use lethal injections.
 Concerns that the convict would fill his stomach with food to slow the absorption of the ingested drug arenâ€™t valid because condemned prisoners are usually kept under constant watch at least 24 hours before the time of execution, and because any such ploy would likewise make the condemned himself responsible for any pain he might suffer if a subsequent drug-injection execution became necessary.
 For example, in a recent execution in Arizona, a 63-year-old convicted killer reportedly shook for several seconds upon receiving a lethal injection of pentobarbital.
 In another execution in Ohio, the condemned man loudly gasped for air several times during his execution and took an unexpectedly long 25 minutes to finally die. His dying utterance, â€œI feel my whole body burning,â€ was widely reported, and provided more ammunition for those opposed to the death penalty.
 Using well-known, more easily available pills rather than injections for executions might mute many constitutional objections, avoid the major problems with lethal injections highlighted by death penalty opponents, eliminate the need for medically trained personnel (who often refuse on ethical and/or professional grounds) to participate in executions, and have many other advantages, suggests Banzhaf, who has not taken a public position on capital punishment itself.
 3. Brett Bellmore says:
 Actually, this is simply a demonstration of the lengths to which opponents of the death penalty will go, to prevent it, in the face of legal decisions that it's constitutional. The execution in question was improvised, because the Obama administration had confiscated the state's supply of sodium thiopental.
 This would be the drug which would have prevented Clayton Lockett from suffering, if it had not been confiscated.
 4. Joe says:
 The very article Brett Bellmore flags (from Fox News, citing a leading conservative criminal analyst) says that the investigation "contributed" to the current situation. The word "contributed" means "a factor" but BB flags it as the reason ('because'). Furthermore, the very article explains the reasons why there is an investigation.
 Basically, there are shortages of the drugs so states have to find novel approaches that are less than ideal, some such as compounding pharmacies in the news in the past in non-death penalty situations as involving dangerous drugs. Since we have federal laws, including an 8th Amendment providing minimum standards, yes, the federal government would be concerned here. And, again this is a Fox article, there is merely an implication that this all is some sort of "anti-death penalty" plot. It should be noted that the Obama Administration is on the record to supporting the death penalty (including in the case in question), which upset some anti-death penalty individuals.
 There have been various problems with lethal injection over the years, leading to some experts arguing that if we want to have a death penalty, it should not be used. This has led to various concerns over the procedure, including as states try new protocols. Shortages have also increased secrecy concerns. Brett, I'd think, as an open government sort should be against that sort of thing. Given everything, including the review of the execution not being complete to my understanding, makes it far from clear that you know it's just Obama's fault or "simply a demonstration of the lengths to which opponents of the death penalty will go." If the 8A and federal rules over drugs are an issue to Brett, so we should just trust the state government more here, like the conservative analyst over at Fox wants, fine. It isn't just some "anti-death penalty" thing though.
 - Brett Bellmore says:
 You're just making excuses. The "shortage" of the relevant drug was not innocent happenstance, it was deliberately arranged by a variety of means, including that extra-legal confiscation, for the very purpose of interfering with executions.
 - Joe says:
 Face up to what you said. You said:
 "The execution in question was improvised, because the Obama administration had confiscated the state's supply of sodium thiopental."
 Your very own article, which is far from merely some neutral account, is not that one-sided. The article suggested that the administration's actions here "contributed" and your reply here in effect admits it (now its "a variety of means").
 And, "extra-legal" is basically an assertion. You have to show HOW it was "extra-legal." Not merely a bad idea, allegedly, or one that had ironic (allegedly) results. But, you don't provide such actual evidence. What is your "excuse" for this?
 I'm not making "excuses." I'm fully explaining the situation. Yes, the shortages are partially a result of pressure on firms who provide the drugs. But, your "anarcho-libertarian" beliefs surely allow for freedom to pressure companies like that. The state could deal with the situation, including setting up their own companies. They can't instead cut corners.
 Your trust of the state — selective as usual — is duly noted.
 5. Joe says:
 "Back in the day, executions were supposed to be horrible."
 The examples included often dealt with political prisoners or non-citizens. For some time, for the elite, which in a republican government like us would include everyone (at least all citizens), was not supposed to suffer horribly to such a degree. Thus, beheading provided a quicker means for such people. In Roman times,e.g., were Roman citizens put on the cross for simple crimes akin to Jewish riff raff?
 It is somewhat futile, yes, but the 8A supposes there are matters of degree.
 6. Brett Bellmore says:
 Anyway, "Hanging: No need to cut anything or shed blood. Except if the rope was too short (then the head got ripped off). Or if the rope was too long, people took a long time to die in agony."
 I think you got that backwards.


- Whiz Quiz
 Here are some interesting facts about our DMS Whiz Quiz teams:
 Whiz Quiz is a Middle School academic competition team. DMS has both a 6th and 7th/8th grade team. Tryouts are held at the beginning of the school year. Practice is twice a week during student's lunch period and games are one evening a week. Game days differ depending on the team. Whiz quiz begins at the end of September and ends before the holiday break in December. Finals are sometime in January. Each team has a teacher sponsor that meets with them to prepare and organize their team.
 Five students from each school compete at one time. Questions asked during competitions span knowledge in science, social studies, grammar, pop culture, geography, literature, and math. Students receive points for answering these questions correctly. If you like Jeopardy, you will love Whiz Quizthey even have buzzers!


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Line Graphs and Parallel Processing in R
A few months ago I came across one of the most beautiful visualizations I have ever seen: James Cheshire's Population Lines Print. What I love about it is that, in the absence of any traditional map features, the outlines of countries and continents are immediately apparent. And as long as you are familiar with what the land masses of the globe look like, you know exactly what the plot is without even needing to be told. Another interesting feature is that the peaks also give information about both the population and and the density: the area under the graph represents the total population, while the higher the peak, the more dense it is. (Hence the huge peak of Tokyo, and the low, wide peak of Mexico City.)
When I first saw the post, I went to this blog to see how he pulled it off. Unfortunately, there weren't any details. So, I had to figure it out myself.
Well, I think I got it! I'll show you a few of the plots first, and then describe the process below.
Using the same NASA SEDAC data that James used, here is the plot, produced entirely using R (click for higher resolution):
And, for my fellow New Brunswickers, here's the same dataset of NB properties I plotted a while ago, plotted again using a line graph:
And finally, here is the property value data from my last post for Fredericton. Note that, as mentioned above, unless you're familiar with the geography of the area, it may not be directly apparent what you're looking at here. For those that are, you can immediately spot the river flowing through the middle of town with the tributaries flowing in:
These maps aren't the most practical ways of plotting data into a third dimension since you can't really 'dive deeper' into them to get more detail, but they are certainly one of the most beautiful I've seen.
So, how was it done?
EDIT: I've updated the below instructions since this was originally published to provide an alternative to using QGIS (thanks _USER_ for pointing out I could do this in R itself). I also improved the performance about 3x by replacing my data frames with data tables.
Well, like everything else I do on here, I wanted to accomplish this using only freely available software. In this case, I used a combination of R, QGIS and Libre Office (the latter two being optional). The work was divided into three main pieces:
- Extract the data from NASA's data set.
- Crunch the data to prepare it for plotting.
- Actually do the plotting.
All the code for processing and plotting is available here: GeospatialLineGraphs.
Extracting the Data
James originally used NASA's population density data from the year 2000. Though the outcome should be the same, I decided to use the raw population data available here. On that page, go to download, select the format as ".ascii", the resolution as 1/2°, and the year as 2000.
Once you've downloaded it, you can do either of the following to get the data into a workable form:
- Put the file glp00ag30.asc into a folder called DataSets in your working directory
- Run this part of the R script which uses the 'raster' package to turn it into a set of points. The rest of the script is described in the next section.
- Import the data into QGIS
- Go to Raster > Conversion > Polygonize (Raster to Vector), and check the "Add to map" box
- Select that layer, and go to Vector > Geometry Tools > Polygon Centroids and follow the menu items, making sure to check "Add result to canvas". This will generate another layer with point data from your polygon data.
- Right click the points layer, and save it as a CSV file. It should automatically export the X & Y coordinates.
- Finally, load the data with this part of the script and make sure to comment out the part above that uses the 'raster' function mentioned above.
There, you data is ready to be crunched.
Processing the Data to be Plotted
Next, you have to take this data and turn it into something that can be plotted. The code to do this is available here: Geospatial Line Graphs - Generate Data.
The basic idea behind what this does is this:
- First, find the boundaries of the plot to know the start and end latitude and longitudes you want to plot over.
- Using the start and end latitudes, create 200 evenly spaces points of latitude - one for each line that will be plotted.
- For each point of latitude, draw a square with sides equal to the gaps between the points of latitude. Calculate the total of whatever data you're interested in inside that square.
- Move the square over an amount of longitude equal to the width of the square, and repeat the above calculation.
- Do this until you've calculated everything, and output it all to a CSV file.
Now, when you're dealing with 500,000+ pieces of data, this can take a while if you're not taking advantage of your hardware's capabilities. In the case of the NB data, it originally took 2 hours to crunch on my 2.3 GHz i7, which has 4 cores (8 virtual), but only one was being used.
Luckily, R now has the ability to do parallel processing to take full advantage of multi-core CPUs. Marcus over at R-bloggers has a great tutorial on how to do this in R if you want to have a look. Furthermore, using data tables instead of data frames can also improve performance by, in my experience, about a factor of 3 for this computation. Using both of these together got the time to process from 2 hours to about 2 minutes for both the NB and world population data set.
Plotting the Data
To plot the data, I wrote this script which does the following:
- Load the data you want to plot, and pad the top and bottom to give it a border (padding the left and right is most easily done in a spreadsheet by adding rows of 0's to the top and bottom).
- Find the maximum value in all of the data, and select a factor that will be used to scale the line heights to fit the plot (this is done through trial and error).
- Starting at the top, grab a row's data, smooth it with a spline, and plot a white polygon at the appropriate height.
- Outline the top of the polygon with a gray line.
- Plot black line segments over the gray line if the values are over a certain threshold.
- Repeat for the rest of the rows, moving down the plot area as you go so that the lower polygons overlap the upper ones.
There you have it - that's all there is to these beautiful line plots. If you love the world map, go buy it from James here to support the work he does: Population Lines. And as always, if you have any questions, ask away below or send me an e-mail.
Like this? Then tweet it! Oh, and follow me too.


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|Foliage with seedpods|
Apparently Secure (NatureServe)
Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa
Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa (Torr.)
Prosopis glandulosa has rounded big and floppy, drooping branches with feathery foliage and straight, paired spines on twigs. This tree normally reaches 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m), but can grow as tall as 50 ft (15 m). It is considered to have a medium growth rate.
It flowers from March to November, with pale, yellow, elongated spikes and bears straight, yellow seedpods. The seeds are eaten by a variety of animals, such as scaled quail. Other animals, including deer, collared peccaries, coyotes, and jackrabbits, feed on both pods and vegetation.
- Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa (syn. Prosopis chilensis var. glandulosa (Torr.) Standl., Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell)
- Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana (L.D.Benson) M.C.Johnst. (syn. Prosopis juliflora var. torreyana L.D.Benson)
The seeds are disseminated by livestock that graze on the sweet pods, and the shrubs can invade grasslands, with cattlemen regarding mesquites as range weeds to be eradicated. Due to latent buds underground, only coppicing them makes permanent removal difficult. A single-trunked tree that is cut down will soon be replaced by a multi-trunked version.
Prosopis glandulosa shrubs and trees provide shelter and nest building material for wildlife, and produce seed pods in abundance containing beans that are a seasonal food for diverse birds and small mammal species. As the common name indicates, honey mesquite is a honey plant that supports native pollinator species of bees and other insects, and cultivated honey bees. It is a larval host for the long-tailed skipper and Reakirt's blue butterflies.
In Namibia, although an invasive species, it has qualities that have made it useful for humans, including: growing extremely rapidly there, having very dense shade, abundantly producing seed pods, and a readily available firewood.
The indigenous peoples of California and southwestern North America used parts of Prosopis glandulosa as a medicinal plant, food source, building and tools material, and fuel. The Cahuilla ate the blossoms and pods, which were ground into meal for cake. The thorns of the plant were used as tattoo needles, and the ashes for tattoos, by the Cahuilla and Serrano Indians of Southern California. Its dense and durable wood is prized for making tools and arrow points, and for the unique flavor it lends to foods cooked over it. The deep taproots, often larger than the trunks, are dug up for firewood.
This species of mesquite, known as haas (pronounced [ʔaːs]) by the Seri people of northwestern Mexico, was very important for food and nonfood uses. The Seris had specific names for various stages of the growth of the mesquite pod. Historically, it was a very important wild food plant because it fruits even during drought years.
- "Prosopis glandulosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- "Prosopis glandulosa". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- Marsh Trail Guide, Big Morongo Canyon Preserve
- "Prosopis glandulosa Torr" (PDF). International Institute of Tropical Forestry. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
- "Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- "Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- "Prosopis glandulosa (tree)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
- NPIN Database: Prosopis glandulosa
- Simpson, Benny J. (1988). A Field Guide to Texas Trees. Texas Monthly Press. pp. 244–245. ISBN 0-87719-113-1.
- Namibia: Invasive Species a Money-Spinner, Africa: Allafrica.com, 2012, retrieved 30 November 2012
- "Cahuilla Plants". enduringknowledgepublications.com. Retrieved 2012. Check date values in:
- "Temalpakh Ethnobotanical Garden". malkimuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2007. Check date values in:
- Felger, Richard; Mary B. Moser. (1985). People of the desert and sea: ethnobotany of the Seri Indians. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
- "Species: Prosopis glandulosa". Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
- Data related to Prosopis glandulosa at Wikispecies
- USDA Plants Profile for Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite)
- Calflora Database: Prosopis glandulosa (Honey mesquite)
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Prosopis glandulosa
- Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center NPIN−Native Plant Information Network: Prosopis glandulosa (Honey mesquite)
- UC CalPhotos gallery
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prosopis glandulosa.|


Microsoft is testing underwater data centers
By | 10.12.2018
Microsoft is testing underwater data centers
Microsoft тестирует подводные центры обработки данных
Project Natick is the name of the new project, which is nothing more than an attempt by Microsoft Research to create data centers for cloud computing at the bottom of the ocean.
The idea was born from the desire of companies to reduce energy consumption. As you know, servers in data centers generate a tremendous amount of heat and cooling required to maintain a low temperature consume a lot of energy. The construction of such infrastructure on the ocean floor promises significant cost reduction through the use of «natural» power and cooling (the energy of the waves and ocean water).
The first tests on a small prototype, which in November last year, he was immersed on the bottom of the ocean a kilometer from the Pacific coast of the United States have yielded positive results.
Currently, Microsoft has more than 100 data centers worldwide, the cost of which has exceeded 15 billion dollars. A Project in Natick, the company sees a viable way to reduce the cost of their service.
Detailed information about Project Natick available on the official website.
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ology and benefit educators who are interested in promoting active learning.
110 – GoPro videos in Case-Based Learning: Bringing the Clinical Cases to Life
Fernando Bruno and Alex Braun
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
Purpose: Discussing clinical cases, especially as a small group activity, helps the medical students brainstorm the pathophysiology they have learned and apply it to a scenario that helps mature their critical thinking without putting a real patient at-risk. It enhances student learning, allowing early exposure to a structure resembling the morning rounds. Unfortunately, despite its benefits, written cases are often seen as unappealing by the students, who have grown used to the actor-based simulated scenarios seen in OSCE activities, leading to a reduced in-class interest and participation. We piloted the use of GoPro videos as a tool for simulated clinical cases and problem-solving activities to enhance students' attention and engagement.
Methods: A dramatization of two cases in a GoPro video format replaced the written case. Faculty created and provided a standardized patient script to the Teacher Assistants. For each case, a TA played the role of physician, having the camera attached to the forehead, while the other played the patient, providing a first-person-perspective of the doctor-patient interaction. A class of 135 medical students was separated into two groups that participated at different times in a pathology lab session. During each session, the students watched the videos and collected history, signs and symptoms necessary for a differential diagnosis and discussed pathology questions geared towards the case. Small-groups were given time to discuss the case, the questions and work on an assigned task. Furthermore, the faculty utilized a document with students' responses to teach the class, while also inviting each group to provide feedback on their responses. A pathology quiz with 15 questions was given at the beginning and end of the session to assess students' learning curve. A survey was later provided to collect feedback.
Results: The videos allowed the students' immersion to the scenario, while demonstrating patient's behavior and nuances that would otherwise not be feasible through a written case. The small-groups effectively discussed the case, finalized the assigned tasks within the given time and partook in faculty-led discussion. A positive impact on quiz performance was seen on percentage of corrected responses from preto post-quiz (Group1: 44.52% to 94.58%; Group 2 58.80% to 99.86%). A total of 113 students answered the survey, with 82% agreeing to the statement "useful tool to make the lab be more interactive" (39% strongly agree; 43% agree; 8% neutral; 6% Disagree; 4% strongly disagree); 86% agreed "it helped bring the case to life" (38% strongly agree; 48% agree; 7% neutral; 3% Disagree; 6% strongly disagree); and 64% agreed "it facilitated my learning" (20% strongly agree; 44% agree; 21% neutral; 12% Disagree; 4% strongly disagree).
Conclusion: Students' survey showed that the method was well received by most of the class, who agreed that it made the session more interactive, brought the cases to life and facilitated their learning. The process had a positive impact on post-quiz performance, being interpreted as an effective teaching method. Further investigations are necessary with crossover design and control to the determine the superiority of this method compared to other modalities.
111 – Dungeons and Dragons in the Pathology Lab: Increasing Strategic Thinking and Engagement Through Unfolding Cases
Fernando Bruno and Alex Braun
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
Purpose: In the past decade, the focus of medical education has shifted, leaving behind an outdated cluster of memorized facts for an improved model based on clinical applications. This encouraged medical schools to adapt their curricula to accommodate new requirements for core competencies. Pre-clinical courses have followed suit, focusing more on how the initial basic science concepts translate into clinical practice. This provides the medical students with a clearer perspective of the topics' relevance in their future careers. Here, we showcase a model with an incomplete scenario that unfolded based on students' choices and served as a platform to develop strategic thinking and facilitate engagement and learning.
Methods: A class of 135 medical students was separated into two groups that participated at different times in a pathology lab session. During each session, the students received an incomplete clinical case to be discussed as small-groups and asked to propose differential diagnosis. The faculty then led a discussion, debating their reasoning, after which a list of next steps was offered to the students to choose from. The list ranged from simpler options, such as further exploring patient's history and physical exam, to more complex laboratorial testing, including biopsies, radiological testing and forensic examinations. Each small-group would then choose their preferred next course of action, as long as they debated their reasoning and expected findings with the faculty, who would further discuss how the initial differential diagnosis would evolve based on each new finding. The case would then unfold based on students' choices. As it progressed, each finding served as a platform of discussion of pathological concepts and specimens. A pathology quiz with 15 questions was given at the beginning and end of the session to assess students' learning curve.
Results: Although the same concepts were discoursed with both classes, the order in which the case developed was a direct consequence of the student's choices, determining the fate of the discussion and providing a uniqueness to each session. Students felt in control, more willing to participate and were highly engaged. Realizing the impact of their actions on the fictional patient, the students brainstormed strategies before any decision. The number of students involved with distractors, such as in-class use of social media, drastically reduced during these sessions. A positive impact on quiz performance was seen on percentage of correct responses from preto post-quiz (Group1: 75.61% to 97.96%; Group 2: 77.60% to 99.86%). At the end-of-course evaluation, although no specific question targeted this session, students provided a series of positive comments about it in the written qualitative evaluation, such as "increased engagement", "enhanced productivity", "facilitation of group activity", "more helpful" and "entertaining".
Conclusion: End-of-course evaluation and student feedback suggest that the method was well received by many students, who agreed it made the session more interactive and increased engagement. The sessions' design encouraged a more accountable decision-making process. The process had a positive impact on post-quiz performance, being interpreted as an effective teaching method. Further studies are necessary to verify superiority of this modality.
112 – The Interface Between Anatomic Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine: Deficits in Basic Science Pathology Education
Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso
The purpose of this poster is to explore a potential deficit in current medical school pathology curricula relating to the lack of connection between the pathology images, processes and diagnoses that students are exposed to and the practical applications to diagnostic medicine that such diagnoses bring.
Nationally, medical school curriculum is in a process of change and adaptation, generally following a trend of greater integration of different subspecialties of basic and clinical medical science (Brauer & Ferguson, 2014). This pattern applies well to pathology education which has been described as a core subject, the link between basic science and clinical medicine (Carr, Olmos, & Bushnell, 2008). While much pathology education has been designed to efficiently teach principles of body system pathology, there is a perceived disconnect between that instruction and the clinical consequences that follow a student's diagnosis. For example, students may be skilled at spotting characteristic findings on a histopathology image but less adept at mentally making the connection to what treatments, imaging or laboratory tests or further questions may then be required. To determine the extent to which medical school education addresses the "next step" after making a diagnosis in anatomic pathology, a literature search was done to examine current trends in teaching as well as standards for instruction.
While the National Standards in Pathology Education discusses the need to "categorize, interpret, and predict disease behavior from underlying principles" there is little to no research that has been done to measure the extent to which medical curricula integrate pathology, diagnosis and the next clinical decisions (Sadofsky, Knollmann-Ritschel, Conran, & Prystowsky, 2014). Because pathology is an essential discipline to medical school education and also one that is integral to the practice of medicine in a clinical setting, it is surprising that there is so little discussion of these connections. The logical implication could be that not enough attention is being paid to students' ability to apply knowledge to the critical process of diagnosis and treatment
As an understanding of the principles of pathology is critical to any sub-specialty of medicine, it is critical to develop a way to improve connections for students to the images and descriptions observed and the actions to be taken next. One possible effective solution could be implementation of well-designed case studies similar, for example, to the New York University pathology department's "Case of the Week" that incorporate every element of a pathologist's process from a patient history and imaging and microscopy to a detailed description of the diagnosis and (crucially) a clear discussion of the necessary clinical workup and next steps (Department of Pathology, 2018). Such comprehensive cases could be highly useful for prospective doctors because they integrate pathology, diagnosis and treatment in a clear way. Another possible solution would be to conduct specific research into the connection between pathology education and diagnostic medicine and adapt teaching standards to meet the need for students to understand and master the relationship between anatomic pathology and diagnostic medicine.
113 – The Development


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Dominican Philosophy of Education
Education is one of the priorities of the Dominican Province of the Philippines because it is among the most important means of evangelization and has been, historically and by God's providence, an integral element of the mission of the Dominicans in the Philippines.
Purpose of Education
Education encompasses religious, personal, and social goals.
Education is an extension of the Church's mission of evangelization. As such, its purpose is to bring out the salvific dimensions of the arts, science, technology and culture. It aims at the synthesis of faith and culture, of faith and life. It seeks to deepen faith as it develops reason leading to an appreciation and living of Gospel values
For the society, education nurtures culture and serve as catalyst of change and development.
For the person, education is meant to bring out his/ her total and integral development. Ultimately education enables the person to attain the purpose for which he/ she was created, namely, union with God, communion with others, and harmony with creation.
As a Dominican mission, education is a form of preaching ministry borne out and nourished by the pillars of the Dominican life: study, prayer, community life, and service.
Nature of the learner
The learner is God's creation, made to His image and likeness, therefore, basically good. He/ she was entrusted the task of being a steward of creation. Although wounded by sin, he/she has been redeemed and endowed with the grace to live a life in Christ.
The learner is a person, an individual unique in him/ herself but with an inherently social nature.
As a Filipino learner, he/she is characterized by a set of traits or asal: dangal, damdamin, pakikipagkapwa, and distinguished by a set of values: utang na loob, palabra de honor, pakikisama, hiya, bayanihan, etc., challenged existentially by the widespread poverty and injustice.
The challenge for the Filipino learner is to develop kagandahang loob by becoming more and more makadiyos, makatao, makabayan and makakalikasan. Moreover, he/ she is challenged to cope with the demands of the times triggered by a global, highly technological, and materialistic culture.
Nature of Education
Education is integral, concerned with the total formation of the human person in all dimensions.
Education is self-initiated and selfmotivated process. It occurs in the learner and ends in the learner. The teacher is but a facilitator of learning.
Education is about learning to learn, to live, to love, and to leave a legacy.
Filipino Dominican Educational Apostolate Mission and Vision.
Inspired by the Mission of the Dominican Province of the Philippines, we, the brethren with our cooperators engaged in the educational ministry, commit ourselves to promote education as a form of evangelization for the total and integral development of the person in the service of the church and society through an authentic Filipino Dominican way nourished by our study, prayer, and community life.
We envision an effective and efficient system of collaboration of all DPP educational institutions in all areas of our academic endeavors aimed at enhancing the growth and development of each institution and the furtherance of the evangelizing mission of the province.


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MSc User Experience Design
What will I be doing?
This MSc explores the theory and practice of user experience design through a series of lectures, seminars, exercises and real-world projects. The lectures and seminars present the underlying principles of qualitative and quantitative research methods, interaction design and prototyping, usability testing, critical thinking, problem solving, and design thinking. The exercises and projects provide students with an opportunity to develop their skills and competencies in relation to these topics.
During the first year of the course, students complete three projects, each of increasing complexity and difficulty. These projects examine such themes as universal design, responsive and adaptive design, designing for the Internet of Things. In addition, students complete a number of assignments to broaden and deepen their knowledge, and develop their critical thinking, analytical and communication skills. During the second year of the course, students explore a range of emerging topics, for example designing applications for wearable devices and the Internet of Things. In addition, students complete a research project on an appropriate topic of their own choice. Students work both independently and in multi-disciplinary teams, assuming leadership roles as required. They also present and defend the results of their work, and critique the work of others.
Graduates of the course will be able to work in senior roles in the field of UX Design. These roles will cover a wide range of areas including user research, user interface and user experience design, usability testing, UX strategy and project management. Graduates will be able to use a wide range of tools, including user research tools, prototyping tools and usability testing tools.
What modules will I study?
- Fundamentals of UX Design,
- User Research and Interaction Design,
- Psychology, Usability and Visual Design,
- UX Design Engineering and Strategy,
- Research Proposal,
- Research Project.


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John Nott, the chef for the Duke of Bolton, who resided in St. Jamess's Street, wrote this charming introduction to his cookbook, which was published in 1723 and is now in the public domain. A learned man, Nott's French inspired recipes show that vegetables, such as carrots and new varieties of asparagus and spinach, which were brought from overseas, were becoming more plentiful on tables. He also makes frequent mention of marmalades, blanc-manges, creams, biscuits, and sweet cakes.* The cookbook includes two peacock recipes and a collection of 13 red currant recipes.
He seems to have been a fairly-read and intelligent man, and cites, in the course of his work, many celebrated names and receipts. Thus we have:—To brew ale Sir Jonas Moore's way; to make Dr. Butler's purging ale; ale of health and strength, by the Viscount St. Albans; almond butter the Cambridge way; to dress a leg of mutton à la Dauphine; to dress mutton the Turkish way; to stew a pike the City way. Dr. Twin's, Dr. Blacksmith's, and Dr. Atkin's almond butter; an amber pudding, according to the Lord Conway's receipt; the Countess of Rutland's Banbury cake; to make Oxford cake; to make Portugal cakes; and so on.- Old Cookery Books, W. Carew Hazlitt, 1902
In regard to the cookbook's title, it is interesting to note that an extravagant use of sugar in recipes was a sign of the wealth and status, as sugar remained a luxury item for most people until well into the 19th century.** Nott told hostesses who served desserts (there should be as many dishes of dessert as courses offered) to make the table arrangement perfectly symmetrical in design and color, and provided an illustration of the ideal dessert "pyramid".
Nott included bills of fare for every month of the year. Below is the one he created for January. Note the absence of vegetables.
Nott's 18th Century Recipe for Hot Milk Chocolate (said to be rich and delicious):
1 quart milk
4 ounces chocolate without sugar
1/8 ounce fine sugar
1/8 ounce flour or starch
Salt to taste
Mix, dissolve and bring to a boil before serving hot.
Nott's recipe for a posset, the 18th century version of a nightcap:
"To make a posset: set a quart of milk on the fire; as soon as it boils, take it off, and set it to cool a little; then, having put four spoonfuls of sack [sherry] and eight of ale into a basin with a sufficient quantity of sugar, pour your milk to it; then set it before the fire and let it stand till you eat it."
- Find a recipe at this Historic Foods link for Nott's lamb pasty and pasty crust. In this 1720′s recipe, the design for the crust was created by Edward Kidder.
- This article about 18th Century Cookery books will lead you to two more digitized cookery books from the 18th Century.
*Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine By William Carew Hazlitt, p 49
**Savoring the Past, Shax Riegler


text: Light travels in a medium in which the speed of light c(x,y) is a function of position. Fermat's principle states that the time required for light to travel between two points is an extremum relative to all possible paths connecting the two points. 1) Show that the time for the light to travel from point (x1,y1) to (x2,y2) along the path y(x) is T = INT[x1,x2] Sqrt(1+y'^2)/c(x,y) dx - Completed 2) Write down the Euler-Langrange equation for this functional b) and its special form for when c is independent of x. 2a: (1+y'^2)^(1/2) d(1/c)/dy - d/dx[y'/(c (1+y'^2)^(1/2))] = 0 Is as far as I can get, how should I continue this? Perhaps by noting d(1/c)/dy = (-dc/dy)/c^2? 2b: (1 + y'^2)^(1/2)/c - y' (y'/c(1+y'^2)^(1/2)) = constant (A) (1 + y'^2 - y'^2)/c(1+y'^2)^(1/2)) = A 1/c(1+y'^2)^(1/2)) = A c(1+y'^2)^(1/2) = B = 1/A c^2 (1+y'^2) = D = B^2 = 1/A^2; is this correct? 2c: If light is emitted from the origin making an angle t (0 <= t <= pi/2) with the positive x-axis in a medium in which c(x,y) = 1+y, show that the light travels in a circle centre (x,y) = (tan(t), -1) Presumably for this I need to make the substitution c = 1+y into the equation derived in 2b (since there will be no dependence on x) and work from there to obtain the equation of a circle?


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Definition of Africanize
verb [with object]
1make African in character: (as adjective Africanized)an Africanized form of Cajun music (in Africa) restructure (an organization) by replacing white employees with black Africans.
(usually as adjective Africanized
) hybridize (honeybees of European stock) with bees of African stock, producing an aggressive strain. In recent years hybrids have spread from Brazil to the US, where they have become known colloquially as "killer bees.".


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Beyond The Rolodex - CRM Adds Critical Functionality For Higher Ed
- Legacy contact management systems for higher education keep information in silos. A modern CRM system can connect to other systems and opens access to many more resources and data.
- Universities can benefit from bringing a for-profit marketing perspective to higher education.
"The annual fund is a marketing division. They do segmentation, they send out mailings and emails, they may use crowdfunding or crowdsourcing initiatives.... they must manage all the different vehicles through which they run their program."
What do university advancement and the private sector have in common? According to Mark Koenig, more than you might think — both types of organizations revolve around sales and marketing.


Networks have become ubiquitous in scientific enquiry. Visualization is a crucial component in their analyses. Many websites exist for visualizing networks, but they tend to be specific to the computational algorithm used. Standalone packages have limited features for sharing visualizations between collaborators. GraphSpace is an easy-to-use web-based platform that collaborating research groups can use for storing, interacting with, and sharing networks.
GraphSpace is being developed by T. M. Murali's research group in the Department of Computer Science at Virginia Tech.
GraphSpace uses the following software:
How to Cite GraphSpace
If you use GraphSpace in your research, please cite the following paper:
GraphSpace: Stimulating Interdisciplinary Collaborations in Network Biology, Aditya Bharadwaj, Divit P. Singh, Anna Ritz, Allison N. Tegge, Christopher L. Poirel, Pavel Kraikivski, Neil Adames, Kurt Luther, Shiv D. Kale, Jean Peccoud, John J. Tyson, and T. M. Murali, Bioinformatics, 13 (19), 3134-3136, 2017


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A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and that sense is retained in modern usage of the term. Also, charter can simply be a document giving royal permission to start a colony.
The word entered the English language from the Old French chartre (ultimately from the Latin word for "paper"), but the concept is universal and transcends language. It has come to be synonymous with the document that lays out the granting of rights or privileges.
Charter is sometimes used as a synonym for'rent' or 'lease', as in the 'charter' of a bus or boat by an organization, intended for a similar group destination.
A charter member of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.
Any organization with a stated purpose or stated rules might be considered to have a charter, whether sanctioned by others or not.
for example a charter from eliz to raleigh