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With the release of Solr 7.0 and introduction of new replica types, in addition to the defa?ult NRT type the question appeared – can we control the queries and where they are executed? Can we tell Solr to execute the queries only on the PULL replicas or give TLOG replicas a priority? Let's check that out.
The first control option that we have in SolrCloud is the shards parameter. Using it we can directly control which shards should be used for querying. For example we can provide a logical shard name in our query:
The first of the above queries will be executed only on those shards that are grouped under the logical shard1 name. The second query will be executed on logical shard1, shard2 and shard3, while the third query will be executed on the shards that are deployed on the localhost:6683 node on the test collection
There is also a possibility to do load balancing across instances, for example:
The above query will be executed on instance running on port 6683 or on the one running on port 7783.
While the shards parameter gives us some degree of control where the query should be executed it is not exactly what we would like to have. However to use a certain type of replica we would have to get the data about the physical layout of the shards and this is not something that we would like to do. Because of that the shards.preference parameter has been introduced to Solr. It allows us to tell Solr what type of replicas should have the priority when executing query.
For example, to tell Solr that PULL type replicas should have priority when the query is executed one should add the shards.preference parameter to the query and set it to replica.type:PULL:
The nice thing is that we can tell Solr that first PULL replicas should be used and then if they are not available TLOG replicas should be used:
We can also define that PULL types replicas should be used first and if they are not available local shards should have the priority:
In addition to the above example we can also define priority based on location of the replicas. For example if our 192.168.1.1 Solr node is way more powerful compared to the others and we would like to first prioritize PULL replicas and then the mentioned Solr node we would run the following query:
The discussed parameters and the shards.preference in particular with its replica.type value can be very useful when we are using SolrCloud with different types of replicas. Telling Solr that we would like to prefer PULL or TLOG replicas we can lower the query based pressure on the NRT replicas and thus have better performance of the whole cluster. What's more – dividing the replicas can help us in achieving query performance that is close what Solr master – slave architecture provides without sacrificing all the goodies that come with SolrCloud itself.


Mental Health and Body Confidence ; In discussion with Nilushka Perera for Flabulous
By Ranjula Herath | Published: 2:00 AM Jul 11 2020
Health Mental Health and Body Confidence ; In discussion with Nilushka Perera for Flabulous
By Ranjula Herath
Flabulous is a body positive brand which aspires to build confidence in their community through style for the content they share. One of their recent projects was launching a platform called 'My Flabulous Life' – a content platform that helps you to transform yourself to build the best version of you. This week's focus was on impact of mental health and body confidence.
Nilushka Perera is a behavioural health researcher and lecturer based in Colombo Sri Lanka. She has a background in International Public Health and Psychology where she explores the intersection of behavioural healthcare, digital health and community development across multiple settings. She is currently the Head of Evaluation and Impact for a UK based charity called Best Beginnings. Nilushka has over seven years of experience in project management and research across organisational, health, educational and community based settings and her core research interests are global health, community based health interventions, digital health and perinatal mental health.
We hear the term mental health often. What is your definition of having a sound mental health?
This is a complex question. 'Sound' mental health from a personal point of view is different to all of us. A good balance mentally, for me, is to be able to cope well with the ups and downs in life, be grounded in the realities of the world and gain a sense of contentment/satisfaction with all we do. The term 'Mental Health' is being thrown around a lot these days, so I think it's crucial that we understand how we can help each other and the complexity of mental health and
well-being as a whole.
How do you see the relationship between having good mental health and your level of self confidence?
I think having a good awareness of who you are and how your life experiences have moulded you and your thinking; this makes you confident. Because you know where you stand. The confidence comes because you have worked on yourself and challenged yourself over and over again. Your mental health and how you are feeling can have a profound impact on your confidence, but everyone has different experiences, because how people see confidence is different. It can range from putting yourself in challenging situations to even asking a question from a friend. Having an understanding of your thoughts can hep you gain clarity and confidence as a whole.
What are your top three hacks to be more self confident?
- Put in the work to get to know yourself and your experiences. It helps to put things into perspective.
- Be kind to yourself. The world is a demanding place with so many expectations.
- Find out what works for you. There are so many people who give tips and tricks, but there is no one size fits all when it comes to mental health and well being.
Many communities struggle with negative body image. What is the root cause of this and how does mental health play a role in it?
Well, there are many social, economical, political, health factors that can contribute to body stereotyping; therefore there I cannot say there is one root cause for it. But on a surface level, humans are used to comparing themselves with each other. Media has aggravated it by communicating and showcasing beauty standards and ideal body sizes. The judgement that comes from others, who are'supposed' to care about you, can have a negative impact on you, and you start defining yourself through the eyes of others. We grow up with comments about our appearance (body size, skin colour) which are said in instead of simple hello. This can affect a person's mental health and their identity which can cascade to their relationships, friendships and even their career progression.
What is your personal mantra for better mental health?
I don't have one set mantra. Because mental health is complex!
'Carve out time to reflect and share your experiences and be kind to yourself' is something that I carry with me. I believe finding out what works for you and being clear about your role in this world, helps to bring things into perspective and stay grounded and content.
You can follow more of Flabulous's content, fashion and their campaigns at or reach us at [email protected]
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Last post we discussed tangible pricing methods. We now turn to value pricing methods. Simply put, value pricing methods seek to establish a price based on some percentage of the value perceived by the customer. While this seems straight forward in theory, this can be difficult to establish in practice for the following reasons:
- One must understand what the customer perceives as value in your offering
- One must understand the customer's time frame over which value is calculated
- The full value may be in intangible areas that the customer may not be aware of
In order to determine what percentage of value you can capture in your pricing, you must first understand what your offering's value is to the customer. This means you must first understand who your customers are. Again, while this seems like a no brainer, I've found that for most startups, while they have strong beliefs about who their customers are and what value they are offering to them, they actually have NO CLUE. Beliefs unsupported by data means NO CLUE!
Does that sound harsh? See if you can answer the following question about your customer value:
- What is the demographic profile of your target customer? What hard evidence do you have to support this? Can you put this on paper?
- What are their acute pains in ranked order and what is your supporting data?
- How does your offering's features address each acute pain and what customer evidence do you have to prove this? (Not what hypothetical, logical reasoning you have that it should address this?)
- What competitive substitutes are your target customers using today to address their acute pain and how do you know this?
- What does your customer's life look like before they start using your offering? How is it different afterwards? What facts do you have to support this?
- Can you construct a mathematical model for value analysis that shows how different levels of acute pain reduction translate into customer value? (This will be the subject of the last post in this series.)
There are a couple of methods that can be used to collect value data. But unlike the four tangible pricing methods discussed previously, value pricing methods require (1) talking directly with individual target customers (2) an attempt to close a sale and (3) involve the risk of alienating a target customer to get the data.
The reason for this is that the only form of validated value data is a sale or other binding purchase commitment. What people tell you they will pay in conversation is very different than when you ask them to sign a purchase order.
Each of the methods described below requires that you:
- Know and have access to customers who fit your target profile
- Have a hypothesis about your offering value that you can quickly communicate to customers (see my post on "Focused Selling")
- Have hypotheses about how different features of your offering address target customer acute pain
Start discussion with an initial set of target customers. Once you think you have a good understanding of the reasons the customer might buy and they have a good understanding of what you have to offer, to get an initial feel for value, ask two questions:
- Below what price would this be a "no-brainer" purchase that you could commit to today?
- Above what price would there be no chance of them ever buying and why?
Method 6: Price/Feature Stripping
Armed with a new offering presentation from Method 5, ideally meet with a different set of target customers. (If you are in a small B2B market with a restricted set of target customers, you may need to go back to the first set). This time, once you think you have a good understanding of the reason the customer might buy and they have a good understanding of what you have to offer, try to close a sale at the 75% price number from Method 5. Depending on which reaction you get do the following:
- Customer Accepts: Congratulations, you've gotten a sale...but you haven't learned much. Raise the price by 20% before you talk to the next target customer.
- Customer Rejects: Understand why. Then get a counter-offer. Once you have it, talk about which features you can strip to get to the counter-offered price. As you have the feature stripping discussion, you should get a feel for the relative value of each feature.
At this point, go back to the first set of target customers and let them know that you've found some ways to work the cost issue both internally and by removal of certain features to get closer to the the previously discussed "no brainer" price. See if you can close the sale again, this time at the average counter-offer price from the second set of target customers. You will then get one of two reactions;
- Customer Accepts: Congratulations, you've gotten a sale and validated the feature/value hypotheses.
- Customer Rejects: Understand why. In many cases, the new objections won't be price based, but will be sales process based. Congratulations, you can now move forward to address the non-price related set of impediments to gaining market traction.
One alternate method for determining value is to let customers set their own price. Examples of this include self-published e-books where the author request that people pay what they think the item is worth and museums, which request visitor set donations in lieu of an admission fee. The most obvious risk of letting customers set prices is not being able to set prices adequate to cover costs, but depending on the nature of your offering this method may work for you. To be viable it helps to have:
- Large potential customer base where the volume of payers is likely to be large enough to offset the inevitable free riders.
- Target customer base has some social or peer pressure element to pay something - This works for many charitable organization and the museum example cited earlier.
- Low or no incremental cost to delivering additional offering vs. probability having more paying users - In the case of the museum whether they have 500 or 5000 visitors a day does not change their operating cost but greatly increases the likelihood of donations. For the e-book author, once the book is written, delivering additional copies across the web is pretty cheap.
Next post: Customer Value Analysis

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Crossing boundaries with Lego Serious Play
Brief description of session and activities
LSP is a multidimensional, metaphorical tool for exploring complex issues and relationships, making connections, mapping terrain, and creatively generating ideas. Both accredited LSP facilitators, Alison and Fred will share their collective experiences of using LSPFred with the DIAL project and external facilitation, Alison for teaching and learning (for which she won a UAL Excellent Teaching Award in 2013), research and team/individual development. Through their work with LSP they have been struck by the potency of its approaches for collecting and sharing perspectives, deepening understanding of issues, generating ideas and new insights and enabling people to work through difficult situations and move on.
LSP is grounded in Papert's constructionist philosophy that we learn through making, and the premise of what its founders refer to as ' hand knowledge' or thinking through our fingers, due to the high proportion of nerve ending found in these. LSP combines a series of building processes, reflection and discussion to allow people to create metaphorical models of real issues and construct and adjust potential scenarios. By using a three dimensional approach, users of LSP can incorporate multisensory information, as well as size and scale in a more memorable form than perhaps by using flipchart and pen.
In addition to being introduced to LSP techniques and their use at UAL already, participants will have hands on experience of LSP activities and the opportunity to discuss how LSP can be further used for collaboration and for breaking down barriers. One vehicle for this will be the UAL LSP community of practice, launched in Autumn 2013, and co-led by Alison and Fred.
How will students be involved in the session?
The student will be heard in the session through their written (and video, if quality of recording permits) reflections on how using LSP has supported development of learning, self awareness, and understanding of others. Students may also include staff who have encountered LSP as part of academic or professional qualifications.
What will participants take away from the session?
- A fresh perspective on creative thinking techniques
- A basic understanding of the principles of LSP and the applicability of metaphor as a modelling language
- Ideas about how to use LSP for teaching, learnnig, research, business development and practice
- An invitation to join the UAL LSP community of practice


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How people resolve dilemmas: An elicitation method for subjective decision factors
In human society, people encounter various deontic conflicts every day. Deontic decisions are those that include moral, ethical, and normative aspects. Here, the concern is with deontic conflicts: decisions where all the alternatives lead to the violation of some norms. People think critically about these kinds of decisions. But, just 'what' they think about is not always clear. ^ People use certain estimating factors/criteria to balance the tradeoffs when they encounter deontic conflicts. It is unclear what subjective factors people use to make a deontic decision. An elicitation approach called the Open Factor Conjoint System is proposed, which applies an online elicitation methodology which is a combination of two well-know research methodologies: repertory grid and conjoint analysis. This new methodology is extended to be a web based application. It seeks to elicit additional relevant (subjective) factors from people, which affect deontic decisions. The relative importance and utility values are used for the development of a decision model to predict people's decisions. ^ Fundamentally, this methodology was developed and intended to be applicable for a wide range of elicitation applications with minimal experimenter bias. Comparing with the traditional method, this online survey method reduces the limitation of time and space in data collection and this methodology can be applied in many fields. Two possible applications were addressed: robotic vehicles and the choice of medical treatment. In addition, this method can be applied to many research related disciplines in cross-cultural research due to its online ability with global capacity. ^
Business Administration, General|Web Studies
"How people resolve dilemmas: An elicitation method for subjective decision factors"
(January 1, 2009).
ProQuest ETD Collection for FIU.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Learning About Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machines
What is a CPM machine?
After you have surgery on a joint, your doctor may recommend that you use a continuous passive motion (CPM) machine. This machine can help keep your joint flexible.
The CPM machine fully supports your joint. You can relax and let the machine do the work.
There are different types of these machines. For example, a knee CPM machine has a cradle to hold your leg. The machine slowly bends and straightens your knee. And you can adjust the amount your knee bends.
Why are CPM machines used?
You may use a CPM machine after surgery to help keep your joint flexible. You may also do exercises with a physiotherapist (PT). These exercises can improve the movement (range of motion) and strength in your joint.
If you have knee replacement surgery, a CPM machine may be slowly bending and straightening your knee when you wake up from surgery.
You may be able to take the CPM machine home for a few weeks. Use it as your doctor tells you. But also make sure to do any other exercises you learned from your doctor or PT.
Is it an emergency?
Thanks to our partners and endorsers:


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Applied Legal History: Demystifying the Doctrine of Odious Debts
The most up-to-date version of this piece can be found in the Duke Law Scholarship
"Odious debts" have been the subject of debate in academic, activist, and policy circles in recent years. The term refers to the debts of a nation that a despotic leader incurs against the interests of the populace. When the despot is overthrown, the new government—understandably—does not wish to repay creditors who helped prop up the despot. One argument has focused on whether customary international law supports a "doctrine" of odious debts that justifies non-payment of sovereign debts when three conditions are met: (1) the debts were incurred by a despotic ruler (without the consent of the populace); (2) the funds were used in ways that did not benefit the populace; and (3) the creditors were aware of the likely illegality of the loans. Advocates of this doctrine, which was synthesized by Alexander Sack in 1927, typically cite two examples of U.S. state practice for support: the negotiations between the United States and Spain following the Spanish-American War, in which the United States repudiated Cuba's colonial debt, and the Tinoco Arbitration, which repudiated certain debts of the deposed Costa Rican dictator, Frederico Tinoco. Those historical precedents do not support the first condition of Sack's doctrine of odious debts, but do support the second two requirements. In addition to these two instances, United States history is rich with examples of debt repudiation by states. Those examples suggest a doctrine of odious debts that is broader and more flexible than the one written by Sack. Indeed, it may be appropriate to speak of the doctrines (not just doctrine) of odious debts.
Date of Authorship for this Version
odious debts, Alexander Sack
Ludington, Sarah; Gulati, Mitu; and Brophy, Alfred L., "Applied Legal History: Demystifying the Doctrine of Odious Debts" (2009). Duke Law School Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 169.


Rodney Hughes
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"hughes" family name, ancestry, and history
Meaning: "son of Hugh" & Fire
Origins: Wales, Ireland
Hughes is a patronymic surname of Welsh and Irish origin. Wales - Brythonic Britain In Wales and other Celtic areas of Brythonic Britain, the name derives from the Old Celtic Hu or Huw, meaning "fire" or "inspiration". At the time of the British Census of 1881 [], the relative frequency of the surname Hughes was highest on the Welsh island of Ynys Môn (37.2 times the British average), followed by Gwynedd, Flintshire, Denbighshire, Meirionydd, Montgomeryshire, Ceredigion, Radnorshire and Carmarthenshire. Ireland & Goidelic Britain The surname evolved from the ancient Celt name of Ó hAodha meaning Fire. It's an old Irish name in Gaeltachtaí, which can be Hughes or Hayes.Hughes is the 15th most popular name in Ulster and Northern Ireland although it originates from County Roscommon. It is of similar origin to O'Hea in the Republic of Ireland. It is commonly found in the Counties Wexford, Donegal, Galway and Cork.. There are variant spellings. People with the surname Hughes include: * Aaron Hughes, footballer * Andrew Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Adam Hughes (born 1967), American illustrator * Alex Hughes, cartoonist * Alexander Minto Hughes, English ska and reggae musician (1945–1998) * Andrew Hughes, footballer * Andy Hughes, electronic music producer * Anthony Hughes (born 1948), English judge * Arthur Hughes (artist) (1831–1915), English painter * Arthur Hughes (actor) (1894–1982), American actor and radio personality * Arwel Hughes, Welsh composer and conductor * Barnard Hughes (1915–2006), American actor * Bettany Hughes (born 1968), English historian * Billy Hughes (1862–1952), seventh Prime Minister of Australia * Brendan Hughes (1948–2008), Irish republican * Brian Hughes (musician) (born 1955), jazz guitarist * Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948), United States Secretary of State and Chief Justice of the United States * Chrissy Hughes, American figure skater * Christa Hughes, Australian singer * Chuck Hughes (1943–1971), NFL player * David Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Detrick Hughes (born 1966), American poet * Don B. Hughes (born 1940), Maryland State Delegate * Dorothy B. Hughes (1904–1993), U.S. crime writer * Eddie Hughes (born 1960), American basketball player * Edward Hughes, Catholic priest and exorcist * Edwin Holt Hughes (1866–1950), Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church * Emily Hughes (born 1989), American figure skater * Emlyn Hughes (1947–2004), Liverpool F.C. and England national football team captain * George O. Hughes painter, performance artist, art educator * Glenn Hughes (born 1951), bassist and vocalist * Gregg Hughes (born 1963), better known as "Opie" from the Opie and Anthony radio show * H. Stuart Hughes (1916–1999), American historian, professor and activist * Henry Hughes, nineteenth century British locomotive builder, see Brush Traction * Howard Hughes (1905–1976), American aviator, filmmaker and industrialist * Ian Hughes, Welsh footballer * James Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Jason Hughes (born 1969), English racing driver * Jesse Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * John Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * R. Kent Hughes, Senior Pastor Emeritus of College Church * Langston Hughes (1902–1967), American poet * Larry Hughes (born 1979), American basketball player for the New York Knicks * Mark Hughes (born 1963), Welsh international footballer and football Manager * Mark Hughes (basketball) (born 1966), American basketball player and coach * Mark Hughes (Emmerdale), fictional character on the ITV soap opera Emmerdale * Mark Hughes (English footballer) (born 1986), English footballer * Mark Hughes (fighter) (born 1973), American mixed martial arts fighter * Mark Hughes (journalist), English Formula One journalist * Mark Hughes (Northern Ireland footballer) (born 1983), Northern Irish footballer * Mark Hughes (politician) (1932–1993), MP for the city of Durham, 1970–1983 * Mark Hughes (rugby league) (born 1976), Australian former professional rugby league player * Mark R. Hughes (1956–2000), American entrepreneur, a founder of Herbalife * Mary Vivian Hughes (1866–1956), British educator and author * Mathew Hughes (1822–1882), Victoria Cross recipient * Matt Hughes (writer) (born 1949), Canadian science fiction writer * Matt Hughes (fighter) (born 1973), American professional mixed martial arts fighter * Matt Hughes (rower) (born 1981), American Olympic rower * Meredydd Hughes, Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police * Merv Hughes (born 1961), Australian cricketer * Michael Anthony Hughes (1988–1994) abducted elementary school student * Nerys Hughes (born 1941), Welsh actress * Owain Arwel Hughes (born 1942), Welsh orchestral conductor * Paul Hughes (born 1976), English footballer * Peter Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Phil Hughes (born 1986), American baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees * Rex Hughes, American basketball coach in the NBA * Richard Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Rick Hughes (born 1973), American basketball player * Robert Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Ronnie Hughes - Sunbury On Thames legend * Russell S. Hughes (1910–1958), American TV and film screenwriter [] * Sarah Hughes (born 1985), American figure skater and Olympic gold medalist * Sarah T. Hughes (1896–1985), US district judge who administered oath of office to President Lyndon Johnson * Séamus Hughes (born 1952), Irish Fianna Fáil politician * Simon Hughes (born 1951), English politician * Simon Hughes (cricketer) (born 1959), English cricketer and journalist * Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. (1830–1906), Governor of Arkansas * Stephen Hughes (Scottish footballer) (born 1982), Scottish footballer * Stephen Hughes (English footballer) (born 1976), English footballer * Tanya Hughes (born 1972), American high jumper * Ted Hughes (Edward James Hughes) (1930–1998), English poet * Ted Hughes (judge), Canadian judge * Terry Hughes (disambiguation) * Tim Hughes, Christian worship leader and songwriter * Thomas Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Tyler Hughes (born 1993), soccer player * Warren Hughes, English racing driver * William Hughes – many people sharing this name, see separate page * Yolanda Hughes, American female bodybuilder
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At first glance, this surprising object could almost be mistaken for an impressive piece of skeleton from a whale or something similarly enormous. In actual fact, it is an extremely rare preserved example of a late 15th/early 16th-century German jousting saddle, which was used in the form of joust known as the 'Gestech im hohen Zeug'. The saddle supported knights in a standing position rather than seating them on the back of the horse.
The saddle consists of a large wooden shield, forked for the horse's back. Behind this barrier projects a seat made up of a central bar with a ring on either side. The rider would insert their legs through the rings, so that they were secured and protected by the shield. The knight would thus be anchored firmly into a standing position from which to joust, although the rigid stance must have increased the potential for serious injury if he received a forceful blow.
Mounting was probably quite difficult; John Hewitt speculated in 1858 that 'Into a saddle of this kind the knight must have crept from the back of the horse'! The saddle is covered in rawhide and still retains some traces of paint. It is one of only a very small handful known to survive.
Blogger: Natasha Roberts, Curatorial Assistant


Freeman Dyson: Yes, "Garbage Bag World" Origins
Freeman Dyson: Yes, "Garbage Bag World" Origins
By Suzan Mazur
June 27, 2012
Freeman Dyson
"Then after that came us -- stage six. That's the end of the Darwinian era, when cultural evolution replaces biological evolution as the main driving force. "Cultural" means that the big changes in living conditions are driven by humans spreading their technology and their ways of making a living, by learning from one another rather than breeding." -- Freeman Dyson, Eastover Farm
Several weeks ago the Lonsdale prize went to researchers who think first life was RNA, a replicating creature. So I rang up Freeman Dyson, emeritus professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, to see if he still embraces the idea that original life was a "garbage bag world," a membranous creature with dirty water trapped inside that reproduced for a billion years or more with high rates of error before replicating.
Dyson does the math on this in his book, Origins of Life (2nd. ed.), based on Alexander Oparin's cell-first theory of metabolism. Dyson calls it his "toy boat model," calculated with pencil and paper, where thousands of molecular units make the leap from disorder to order with "reasonable probability."
During our phone conversation, Dyson told me that he does indeed still hold to his hypothesis and also still thinks RNA was a byproduct of that first creature's own metabolism, emerging as a parasite and eventual symbiotic partner. He says it doesn't make sense that original life copied itself without getting its act together first.
In his Origins book, Dyson also refers to Doron Lancet's work on defining metabolism, also based on Oparin's model, by computer simulations of origin of life, saying:
"He was my first inspiration. A chapter in his book, Infinite in All Directions, made me realize in the early 1990s that DNA/RNA was not necessarily the holy grail, and that there was an alternative in the form of molecular assemblies composed of mutually interacting simple molecules. The "Lipid World" model as a viable alternative to the "RNA World" would not have come to be without him."
Dyson envisions seven stages of life: (1) garbage bag stage -- metabolism without replication; (2) parasite emerges from garbage bag creature, parasite can replicate but not metabolize -- "zooms around" cells as viruses in packages; (3) collaboration of metabolic and parasitic creatures, RNA invention of "most mysterious" ribosome; (4) coupling of metabolic and RNA worlds (modern cell), two billion years of speciation and sex, beginning of Darwinian era; (5) multicellular organisms; (6) "us" and end of Darwinian era with cultural evolution replacing biological evolution; (7) whatever happens next.
Dyson's ability to find music in problems may reflect on his father having been a composer. As the story goes, as a teenager he, young Freeman, dealt with the challenge of reading Vinogradov's An introduction to the theory of numbers by learning Russian and then translated Vinogradov's text into English.
Dyson's books include: Disturbing the Universe, Weapons and Hope, Origins of LIfe, Infinite in all Directions, From Eros to Gaia, Imagined Worlds; The Sun, the Genome and the Internet, A Many Colored Glass: Reflections of Life in the Universe.
Aside from his affiliation with the Institute for Advanced Study, he serves on the board of trustees and is a past president of the Space Studies Institute, founded by the late Gerard O'Neill.Dyson is also a member of Jason, a defense advisory group of scientists.
My interview with Freeman Dyson follows.
Freeman Dyson: Yes, I would still say that. We've learned a certain amount since then but the basic mystery remains. We don't have a clearly defined chemical path from a mixture of garbage to an organized cell. That's what we somehow have to discover. The main difference between my thinking about things then and now is that now we firmly understand that there was an RNA world. The evidence for the preponderance of RNA at some stage has become stronger. And, of course, we know about various kinds of RNA operating in living cells today.
Suzan Mazur: Is your hypothesis still that the original living creatures were cells with a metabolic apparatus but without a genetic apparatus -- this was not an RNA world -- and that cells reproduced with high rates of error for perhaps at least a billion or more years before they began replicating? And that the replicator was a parasite. You say in your book that by metabolism you mean "what the Germans mean by Stoffwechsel with no restriction to genetically directed processes."
Suzan Mazur: In your book you have a section on Oparin's theory of cells first, enzymes second and genes third. And of Doron Lancet's work, a proponent of Oparin's theory. Do you continue to be keen on Lancet's "Lipid World" regarding origin of life? And if so, why?
Freeman Dyson: Yes, although I don't know what Doron's been doing recently.
Suzan Mazur: You describe Lancet's idea in your book by saying, "Life began with little bags, the precursors of cells, enclosing small volumes of dirty water containing miscellaneous garbage." Can you say more?
Freeman Dyson: Yes, that certainly I would agree with Certainly lipids are the most likely candidates. It would be the first stage of developing life. These little bags which gradually become cells. I would say that still looks very plausible. But I don't know what further research Doron has done in the last 10 years.
[Note: Doron Lancet has emailed me saying: "Freeman Dyson's mention of my work relates to our basic idea that life began with much smaller and simpler molecules than RNA…Dyson was attracted to this idea (which he jokingly, but lovingly called the garbage bag model) because it constituted a quantitative, physicochemically rigorous model for self-replicating entities that could jump-start life without resorting to long templating biopolymers such as RNA…
What is so nice about such spontaneously accreting building blocks is that (1) they can be simpler than nucleotides, the building blocks of RNA, e.g., fatty acids (simple lipids) found in meteorites as per Dave Deamer's papers and (2) they come in thousands of different kinds, allowing the assembly to be "interesting" compositionally and chemically, hence jump-start more complex subsequent chemistries, including the formation of simple polymer chains, as claimed by both Dyson and Deamer [Deamer was on sabbatical in Lancet's lab 10 years ago.]..."
In short, we claim (as Dyson and Deamer do) that RNA is a result, a consequence of simpler chemistry, not a necessary early "moving force". What is good about our model is that it is not hand-waving. We simulate in the computer accurate chemical progressions that mimic the process described for the appearance of RNA-like templating molecules."]
Suzan Mazur: What do you think of the Lonsdale origin of life prize going to RNA World proponents John Sutherland and Matthew Powner? The search was for a proposal that identified life as "a self-sustaining chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution."
Freeman Dyson: I think I would not make any comment about that. I don't know anything about the details.
[Note: Doron Lancet says further: "RNA World and Lipid World are considered by many as competing models for life's origin. John Sutherland partially alleviated some of the most bitter criticisms against the RNA World by showing that the small molecular building blocks of the RNA chain may be formed prebiotically. This is still far from saying it wins as a full-fledged model for the origin of life.... There are many open questions that continue to be debated in the field regarding formation of chains, the capacity of such chains to replicate and more."]
Freeman Dyson: I haven't really been following all the discussions.
Freeman Dyson: I would strongly disagree. It's essentially a problem of chemistry.
Suzan Mazur: Who else's origin of life work on this subject do you like?
Freeman Dyson: I haven't really been following it, so it's hard to answer. But it obviously is a problem of chemistry, and the chemists have not made much progress as far as I know.
Suzan Mazur: What kind of experiments should they be doing?
Suzan Mazur: You draw an analogy in your book between origin of life and the origin of body plans half a billion years ago, a "sudden efflorescence of elaborate body plans," during the Cambrian explosion Have you had further thoughts about this in light of the "evo-devo revolution"? Did form come first or did form arise from genetic programs?
Freeman Dyson: I haven't thought about that recently. Clearly we are understanding much more about embryonic development. The thing I'm most excited about is HAR1 and HAR2 discoveries of David Haussler, but of course, that's much later in history.
Suzan Mazur: Do you think form came first?
Freeman Dyson: By the time of the Cambrian explosion is very late in the history of life and genetics had become very powerful. But, of course, we have no idea


text:
Curio 1.0.1 Release Notes
February 17th, 2004 — our first public release!
Curio 1 runs on macOS Jaguar (10.2) or above, with Safari.
- Page Setup changes are now stored with the document.
- Dossier and text figure text views now have continuous spell checking enabled.
- Select All in an idea space now selects scribble region as well.
- Added m4p to the list of music asset extensions so they can be played within the idea space.
- Library assets marked for deletion weren't being purged.
- Resizing the dossier's Edit Questions dialog had problems.
- Fixed issue with Quick Zoom: press the q key, click on a figure, drag it, then release, and release the q key. You were placed where you clicked, not where you released.
- Fixed issues with dossier text views wrapping text under the scrollbar region.
- Dragging categories around in dossier's Edit Questions is now easier to do.
- Option-dragging a figure or scribble region used to jump a bit when the drag started.
- Redraw problems when pasting a figure rectangle.
- Pasted figure archives are now arranged a bit nicer.
- Dropped assets from the Finder are now arranged a bit nicer.
- Undoing the creation of a rectangle is now cleaner.
- Greatly increased the selection speed when dragging a selection region.
- Full Screen mode is now canceled if the last document is closed.
- The opacity inspector control is now disabled if the eraser tool is used.
- Crash no longer occurs if, while editing a text figure, you press and hold spacebar to activate hand-scroll mode.
- Inspector is now cleared when the project dossier is brought up.
- Undoing asset title changes where multiple instances exist in an idea space is now cleaned up.
- You can now save while still in the middle of editing a text figure and the edits are saved.
- Holding Shift while creating a rectangle or circle figure is no longer flakey.
- Grabbing resize handles is now a lot easier.
- Fixed problem in the asset library with tracking multiple references of a child asset within the same idea space.
- Dossier text views now support Bold and Italic formatting menu items and hot keys.
- Show Ruler now toggles to Hide Ruler as appropriate.
- Document attributes are now only saved if the user specifically saves the document.
- Fixed fuzzy text problems with using Quick Zoom or the zoom-to-fit scaling feature.
- Deleting an idea space no longer removes contained assets.
- Fixed horizontal scrollbar resize issue when Organizer is collapsed.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Neasden is located in Greater London
 Neasden shown within Greater London
OS grid reference TQ215855
London borough Brent
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region London
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town LONDON
Postcode district NW2, NW10
Dialling code 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
EU Parliament London
London Assembly Brent and Harrow
List of places
Coordinates: 51°33′19″N 0°14′47″W / 51.5552°N 0.2465°W / 51.5552; -0.2465
The area was recorded as Neasdun in 939 AD and the name is derived from the Old English nēos = 'nose' and dūn = 'hill'. It means 'the nose-shaped hill' referring to a well-defined landmark of this area. In 1750, it was known as Needsden and the present spelling appeared at a later date.[1]
During the 18th century the Nicoll family replaced the Roberts as the dominant family in Neasden. In the 19th century these farmers and moneyers at the Royal Mint wholly owned Neasden House and much of the land in the area.
Neasden was no more than a 'retired hamlet' when enclosure was completed in 1823. At this time there were six cottages, four larger houses or farms, a public house and a smithy, grouped around the green. The dwellings include The Grove, which had been bought by a London solicitor named James Hall, and its former outbuilding, which Hall had converted into a house that became known as The Grange.[3]
Neasden Temple
The Welsh Harp reservoir was completed in 1835 and breached in 1841 with fatalities. It had a dramatic effect on the landscape as the damming of the River Brent put many fields and meadows underwater.
In the early 1850s, Neasden had a population of about 110. In the Victorian times the horse was the main form of transport, and as London grew, the demand for horses in the capital soared in the second half of the 19th century. Neasden farms concentrated on rearing and providing horses for the city. Town work was exhausting and unhealthy for the horses, and in 1886 the RSPCA formed a committee to set up the Home of Rest for Horses with grounds in Sudbury and Neasden, where for a small fee town horses were allowed to graze in the open for a few weeks.[1]
The urbanisation of Neasden began with the arrival of the railway.[4] The first railway running through Neasden — Hendon-Acton and Bedford — St. Pancras was opened for goods traffic in October 1868, with passenger services following soon. In 1875, Dudding Hill, the first station in the area, was opened, and the Metropolitan Railway was extended through Neasden shortly afterwards.[5] Neasden station was opened on Neasden Lane in 1880. New housing, initially for railway workers, was built in the village (particularly around Village Way) with all the streets named after Metropolitan stations in Buckinghamshire.
In 1883, an Anglican mission chapel, St Saviour's, was set up in the village. Its priest, the Reverend James Mills, became an important and popular figure in late 19th century Neasden. In 1885 Mills took over St Andrew's, Kingsbury and became vicar of a new parish, Neasden-cum-Kingsbury, created because of the area's rising population.
Before Mill's arrival, the only sporting facilities in Neasden had been two packs of foxhounds, both of which had disbanded by 1857. Mills became founder president of Neasden Cricket Club and encouraged musical societies. In 1893 a golf club was founded at Neasden House, however only 10% of its members came from Neasden.
In the 1890s change led to a conscious effort to create a village atmosphere. At this time, the Spotted Dog became a social centre for local people. By 1891 Neasden had a population of 930, half of whom lived in the village. Despite the presence of the village in the west, it was the London end that grew fastest.
In 1893 the Great Central Railway got permission to join up its main line from Nottingham with the Metropolitan. Trains ran on or alongside the Metropolitan track to a terminus at Marylebone (this is now the modern day Chiltern Main Line). The Great Central set up a depot south of the line at Neasden and built houses for its workers (Gresham and Woodheyes roads). The Great Central village was a "singularly isolated and self-contained community" with its own school and single shop, Branch No. 1 of the North West London Co-operative Society. It is now part of a conservation area. There was considerable sporting rivalry between the two railway estates and a football match was played every Good Friday. By the 1930s the two railways employed over 1000 men.
Neasden Hospital was built in 1894 and closed in 1986.
Apart from the railways, Neasden was dominated by agriculture until just before the First World War. In 1911, Neasden's population had swelled to 2,074. By 1913, light industry at Church End had spread up Neasden Lane as far as the station.
In the 1920s, the building of the North Circular Road, a main arterial route round London, brought another wave of development; it opened in 1922–23. The 1924–25 British Empire Exhibition led to road improvements and the introduction of new bus services. Together with the North Circular Road, it paved the way for a new residential suburb at Neasden. In 1930 Neasden House was part demolished. The last farm in Neasden (covering The Rise, Elm Way and Vicarage Way) was built over in 1935. The Ritz cinema opened in 1935 and Neasden Shopping Parade was opened in 1936, and was considered the most up-to-date in the area. All of Neasden's older houses were demolished during this period, except for The Grange, and the Spotted Dog was rebuilt in mock-Tudor style. Industries sprung up in the south of the area, and by 1949, Neasden's population was over 13,000.
The Post Office Research Station was located nearby in Dollis Hill. There the Colossus computers, among the world's first, were built in _PHONE_ and underneath it the Paddock wartime cabinet rooms were constructed in 1939.
Neasden Power Station, which was built to provide power for the Metropolitan Railway, was closed and demolished in 1968.[6]
The post-war history of Neasden is one of steady decline; local traffic congestion problems necessitated the building of an underpass on the North Circular Road that effectively cut Neasden in half and had a disastrous effect on the shopping centre by making pedestrian access to it difficult. The decline in industry through the 1970s also contributed to the area's decline. But nonetheless Neasden has survived, largely due to a succession of vibrant immigrant communities keeping the local economy afloat. Neasden Depot continues to be the main depot of the London Underground's Metropolitan line (and is also used by trains of the Jubilee line); it is London Underground's largest depot[7] and as such it is a major local employer.
Recent history[edit]
The Grange Tavern (previously called The Old Spotted Dog) on Neasden Lane was closed in the 1990s and demolished to make way for a block of flats, bringing to an end the inn that had stood there for around two centuries. Another old pub, The Pantiles which stood on the North Circular Road was converted to another McDonald's restaurant. The Swedish furniture retailer, IKEA opened its second UK outlet in Neasden in 1988.
In 1995 Neasden became the home of the biggest Hindu temple outside India: the Neasden Temple.
In 2004, the Shopping Centre area was partially redeveloped by the council in an effort to reverse its fortunes. The Grange, which had housed a museum about the people of Brent was closed by the council in 2005.
The 2004 redevelopment proved to be unpopular with local businesses as it changed the layouts of parking, thus forcing customers and local trade to pass by due to the parking restrictions of the redevelopment.
Neasden in popular culture[edit]
"The loneliest village in London"[edit]
Neasden was once nicknamed 'the loneliest village in London'.[3]
Private Eye[edit]
Neasden has achieved considerable notoriety thanks to the British satirical magazine, Private Eye. Since early in its history (when the magazine was actually printed in Neasden) the magazine has used Neasden as an exemplar of the suburban environment in pieces parodying current events, personalities, and social mores (for example, the University of Neasden). Spoof sports reports in the magazine usually feature the perennially unsuccessful football team, Neasden F.C. with their manager, "ashen-faced


1. Raising the Research Bar Survey
The Legal Research Center is planning a research training program for Friday morning, May 16 and would like your suggestions. The program will last about 3 1/2 hours, including a Continental Breakfast, and is designed to sharpen your research skills and provide practical tips that will let you confidently answer real-world research questions.
* 1. How can we help you do your job this summer?
* 2. Where will you be working this summer?
* 3. What will you be doing at your job this summer?
* 5. How would you characterize your legal research skills?
* 6. Other comments or suggestions or suggestions for the program:
* 7. Name
* 8. Email address


We will be glad to create a custom tailored price quote
What kind of service are you interested in?
Consider taking an interpreter when meeting with French
Europe's second largest economy offers a number of opportunities. The key to a good relationship with French partners involves having a clear understanding of French culture and etiquette, which are distinctly different from those in the U.S. The French believe that the business relationships you develop are more important than the contracts, so think in the long-term about building partnerships.
To start with, remember: you'll get furthest with some knowledge of French.
The traditional belief that the French often do not hassle with English and other foreign languages is not far from the truth. In large and multinational companies, the situation is better, but it is still recommended to learn at least a few basic phrases in French. Bonjour and Enchanté (it's nice to meet you) are almost essential. To a certain extent the emphasis on their own language is due to national pride. The French have a deep patriotism. Although it is a very diverse country in which many different cultures live, they tend to have a reserved approach towards foreigners. If you are in doubt about a situation, it might be best to use interpreters' services.
Consider taking an interpreter when meeting with French business partners
Stylish intellectuals
The key to a good relationship with French partners involves having a clear understanding of French culture and etiquette. French society is very hierarchic, and this also has an effect on business relationships. Therefore, always be careful to ensure that your French business partner communicates with someone in a correlating position in your company. Respect towards a company's management is also shown by men standing up when superiors enter the room or by at least acknowledging their arrival.
There is a general emphasis on education and good morals. In discussions with you, French business partners may debate about the most wide-ranging topics and in the process assess your intellectual abilities. French men are gentlemen based on principle, treat women with courtesy and adhere to ethical standards. Of course, there is also an emphasis on elegant fashion and aesthetics in general. For instance, the French consider the quality of their environment, wherever they are, to be very important. So, when choosing a location for lunch or dinner, consider not only the quality of the food and a good address, but also the restaurant's interior design and ambiance.
 First – and lasting — impressions
The French prefer personal interaction, so initial contact should be made by telephone, rather than e-mail. Arrive at meetings on time (although the French are comfortable with slight delays), shake your business partner's hand, and start the meeting with casual conversation. The French do not get right down to the heart of the matter, and this is in part because they are seeking to understand you as an individual. If you seem disinterested in debating the issues involved with your potential deal, they can consider that a sign of arrogance.
The French pay close attention to detail, so you can expect a lot of added questions. It will be a major advantage to have a visual presentation prepared, such as a PowerPoint presentation, and descriptions in French will aid your cause. The French are generally conservative, mainly as far as body language is concerned. Nonetheless, they do not mind stronger non-verbal communication.
When defending their own interests, the French know how to be tough, and when negotiating, they are suspicious of supposed "win-win" deals. They are not generally fond of risk, and prefer arrangements that leave room for adjustments and adaptations over time.
During negotiations, it is acceptable and appropriate to take detailed notes so that you will be able to ensure that everything makes sense. French meetings tend to be more creative than the average American business meeting. It can seem as if they are rudely interrupting you in conversation, but this is a customary French mode of expressing interest in the topic. It's probably a good idea to pay close attention to their suggestions, without allowing them to throw off your focus. For important negotiations, it is a good idea to sign a written document, such as a memorandum. In fact, with the French oral agreements don't mean much, so if you're serious, get it in writing.
Looking for a translation from or into French?
Contact us.


Learn That Word
Synonyms for Ravenala (same or very similar meaning)
WordNet sense 1 (giant treelike plant having edible nuts and leafstalks that yield a refreshing drink of clear watery sap; reputedly an emergency source of water for travelers):
traveler's tree, Ravenala madagascariensis, traveller's tree
From the ODE community, based on WordNetadd/edit


text:
Passover time is upon us and it's an important time of year to be with family and enjoy a meal rich with tradition.
Sometimes the seder can be long and a bit boring for kids, so we have several ways to get the kids involved and included in preparing the decorations, making gifts for guest, acting out the story and even dressing up like the 10 plagues of Egypt!
1. Ask guests to dress up like the plagues;
Wear red for "blood".
Wear green to be a frog or buy plastic frogs and attach them to your clothes.
Dress up as a cow for the cattle plague.
Mess up your hair and put lice combs in it for lice plague.
Dog flies can be represented by dressing up as a dog and wearing a flea collar around your wrist.
Boils can be created using makeup on your face and arms.
Buy plastic bugs from the dollar store and pin them to your clothes for locusts.
Hail can be fun by using styrofoam balls and attaching them with velcro to clothes and hair.
Wear black for "Darkness".
Pretend to be pregnant or bring a baby doll for "First born son".
Ask your guests to stand up when their "plague" is talked about in Hagaddah.
Using plants in your house, add red "flames" with tissue paper for the Burning Bush.
Buy blue plastic shower curtains at the dollar store to "part" the sea at your doorway (add fish and sea creatures for fun!)
Make a diorama telling the Passover story.
Make baby Moses or use baby dolls to show him in the basket.
Decorate the table with frogs, hail, locusts, etc. to demonstrate the 10 Plagues.
3. Get the kids to make their own seder plates. Here are 11 different ways to make a special plate using paper plates, tissue paper, mod podge and even denture cream!
4. Get one child each year to help hide the afikoman and get the others to make a list of where they plan to check! Get even more creative by making maps to find it during the Seder!
5. Bake matzoh treats with the kids!
7. Decorate a glass for Elijah and for each guest at the table.
1. Start with a plastic wine glass or goblet, which you can buy at a party supply store or dollar store. Older kids might want to use a real wine glass found at the dollar store.
2. Let kids decorate the glass with rhinestones, glitter, glitter glue, sequins and stickers to embellish it. Be sure to write Elijah's name on one glass.
While there only needs to be one cup for Elijah, each child can make his own drinking container for the traditional four cups of wine (or in their case, grape juice) during the Seder meal. Just make sure the embellishments are not too close to the top of the cup.
Ideas inspired by Jill Berman.
We wish you and your family a Happy Passover!


How many organ transplants do you perform a year and how long has Memorial Medical Center been performing transplant surgeries?
Memorial Medical Center performs on average 20 organ transplant procedures a year. Our program was established in 1972. We are the only hospital in central Illinois to offer kidney, pancreas and kidney/pancreas transplantations.
Is there a special unit in the hospital for transplant surgery patients?
Yes. Immediately after your kidney transplant you will be sent to one of two nursing units in the hospital. The first is 5B, the general nursing unit that specially cares for transplant patients after their surgery. If you have a kidney/pancreas or a pancreas transplant or you need special monitoring, you will be sent to 2C, the surgical intensive care unit. The nursing staff on both of these units has received special education regarding kidney and pancreas tranplant patients.
How does the organ matching process work?
There are five steps in the matching process: 1. An organ is donated; 2. A list of potential recipients is generated; 3. We are notified of an available organ; 4. Our team considers the organ for the patient; 5. The organ is accepted or declined.
Why would an organ be declined?
It is not unusual for an organ transplant surgery team to decline an organ. When an organ is offered, the transplant team must consider several factors to decide the best medical care for each individual patient. These factors include: established medical criteria, organ condition, candidate condition, staff and patient availability and organ transportation. This is a normal part of the matching process. After being turned down for one patient, the organ is offered to the next patient on the list. These offers continue until the organ is placed.
How much does it cost to receive a transplant?
There are many costs associated with receiving a transplant organ, and each individual case varies. We have numerous resources and staff available to answer your financial questions confidentially and to help with insurance, Medicaid and Medicare, COBRA, and numerous charitable and advocacy organizations can provide assistance. Memorial's Transplant Fund also financially assists patients. This fund is supported by our annual Transplant 5K Run/Walk in September.
How long will it take to find an organ match?
Once you are listed on the deceased donor list, it takes approximately 4 or 5 years to receive your new kidney or pancreas.
How long will I have to be on medicine?
You will need to be on the medicine that keeps your kidney functioning properly and prevents rejection all of your life as long as the kidney is working.
How can I sign up to be an organ donor?
You can sign up at any driver's license facility or you can go to this website to register: Click on first person consent organ/tissue donor registry.
Can a living family member donate an organ for me?
Yes. Any person can be checked to see if they are a compatible donor. It could be family, friends or an altruistic donor as long as the person is healthy. Special matching tests will be completed by the transplant center to see if they are compatible to the recipient.


text:
Donkey milk was an essential component of human nutrition in ancient times. It is making a strong comeback in modern times as helpful nutrition for the human diet of the third millennium. It is now a portion of food generating a growing amount of attention, and it is anticipated to play an essential role in the future of human nutrition.
Hippocrates, known as the "father of medicine," was the first person to discuss the health benefits of donkey milk. He recommended donkey milk as a treatment for a wide variety of conditions, including edoema, the speedy recovery of wounds, nosebleeds, poisonings, issues with the liver, fevers, and infectious disorders. According to Pliny the Elder's comprehensive book Naturalis Historia, donkey milk is the most effective medication, followed by cow's and goat's milk.
Donkey milk has four times as much Vitamin C as cow's milk, making it even more beneficial. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise that donkey milk is an incredible source of nutrients for the body. Let's take a closer look at how?
Best milk for children and elderly
The health benefits of donkey milk are several due to its vitamins, probiotics, and other components, including its anti-inflammatory and hypoallergenic. Studies have shown that donkey milk is an excellent alternative for infants, children, and the elderly who cannot take cow's milk.
Almost ninety percent of youngsters unable to ingest conventional milk do perfectly well with donkey milk, which is comparable to human breast milk in terms of its content.
The allergen content of donkey milk is lower than that of cow milk. This is a good option if you're looking for a food high in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins A, C, and E.
Might protect against cancer
According to recent research findings, the proteins casein and whey found in donkey milk have a cytotoxic effect on cells responsible for the growth of tumors and may also induce metastases. It is thought to be a helpful dairy product in the fight against breast and lung cancer.
Helps to prevent arthritis
Hippocrates advocated the use of donkey milk as a treatment for arthritis. According to research, donkey milk is comparable to human breast milk, with fewer calories and less fat. However, this may be remedied by adding sunflower oil, which has remarkable positive effects on health on its own.
A better alternative to cow's milk may be donkey milk infused with 16 ml of sunflower oil, which may help strengthen bones and stave against ailments like arthritis.
A boost for the immune system
Donkey milk is packed with vitamins, minerals, and protein. It is higher in vitamin D concentration and has less fat than most other kinds of milk. It has a low amount of casein but a considerable amount of whey protein, which is rich in antibacterial characteristics. This milk can inhibit the development of viruses and bacteria.
Lactose, another significant component of dairy milk, facilitates calcium absorption in the body. Your bones will become strong and healthy as a result of this. It boosts the production of cytokines, a protein that activates the immune system.
Promotes heart health
The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is relatively low in donkey milk, which contributes to its high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, most notably linoleic acid. Additionally, it has low levels of atherogenic (the propensity of fatty deposits in the arteries.) and thrombogenic (the propensity to form clots in the blood vessels.) indices, in addition to having a high amount of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids.
With their immune-stimulating qualities, these parameters operate as cholesterol-lowering agents and prevent blood clots. Additionally, they minimize the risk of coronary heart disease and hypertension (a rise in blood pressure).
Helps control diabetes
The use of donkey milk was shown to improve insulin resistance and lower blood glucose levels in research conducted on diabetic rats with type 2 diabetes.
Because of these factors, babies who are allergic to cow's milk and those who have cerebrovascular disorders or diabetes mellitus are advised to consume donkey milk and powder instead. Due to the high vitamin content and many health benefits of donkey milk, this superfood drink is sometimes referred to as "pharma food."
Research and studies are being conducted to determine the advantages of donkey milk for applications to human health, and positive stories are becoming increasingly prominent.
Donkey milk is beneficial in more ways than just its sweet taste, which is a nice perk. This naturally occurring drink is high in nutrients and has many of the same properties as human breast milk.
On the other hand, it contains a significant amount of lactose. If you are lactose intolerant, you should stay away from it.


text:
'Kwanzo' is a Daylily variety in the Hemerocallis genus with a scientific name of Hemerocallis. Kwanzo grows as a Perennial and is a Flower. Being a Perennial, it tends to grow best over several years (approx 3 years and greater). Kwanzo is known for growing to a height of approximately 1.00 metres (that's 3.25 feet in imperial).
Kwanzo Daylily is normally quite a low maintenance plant and is normally very easy to grow - great for beginner gardeners!
This plant info is provided by the myfolia gardener's wiki. All details about Daylily 'Kwanzo' have been kindly provided by our members.
How to grow Daylily 'Kwanzo'
Growing Kwanzo from seed
By our calculations, you should look at sowing Kwanzo about 42 days before your last frost date.
Daylily 'Kwanzo' information
How long does Kwanzo take to grow?
These estimates for how long Daylily 'Kwanzo' takes to sprout, grow and harvest are from real observations from real gardeners, right around the world. Start logging and journaling your observations to participate!
When should I sow Kwanzo?
Folia's when to plant Daylily 'Kwanzo' estimates are relative to your last frost date. Enter your frost dates and we'll calculate your sowing and planting dates for you!


text:
First-principles calculation and valence electron structure analysis of diamond crystal growth from Fe-Ni-C system at high temperature and high pressure
Xiaohong Fan, Bin Xu, Jing Li and Xiaofei Guo
First principle was used to investigate the lattice constants of graphite at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) firstly. The results computed by density-functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA) respectively, were agreed well with the experimental ones. After comparing the accuracy of the calculation results, the GGA method were used to compute the lattice constants of diamond and Fe3C at HTHP, while LDA method was used to compute those of graphite. Based on the empirical electron theory of solid and molecules (EET), the valence electron structures (VESs) of diamond, graphite and Fe3C under the condition of diamond synthesis temperature and pressure (5.3GPa, 1623 K) were then constructed. The relative electron density differences (REDDs) of the diamond/graphite and diamond/Fe3C interfaces were also calculated. It was found that the graphite/diamond interfaces were not continuous under 5.3GPa, 1623 K, while the Fe3C/diamond interfaces were continuous at the first order of approximation, indicating that the carbon atoms, required for diamond growth, could possibly come from the decomposition of Fe3C, but not directly from the graphite.
Keywords: Ab initio calculations, interfaces, carbides, electronic structure.


text:
Whiplash is a common neck injury in rear-end collisions. Studies in Japan have found these types of collisions to cause more than 50% of the injuries from car accidents, and approximately 90% of these involve neck injuries. To help reduce the danger from these types of accidents, Toyota has developed seats incorporating its WIL, or Whiplash Injury Lessening, concept.
How does it work?
Whiplash injuries occur when the forces of a rear-end collision cause the head and torso to move relative to one another. Testing has shown that it is important for the seatback and headrest to simultaneously restrain the occupant's head and torso during an impact, and so Toyota reassessed the position of the setback frame and headrest in designing the WIL concept seats.


text:
This article provides the instructions to create and configure a Google Slides card, which is ideal for displaying information from a Google Slides presentation file on a TV, by simply configuring the card with:
- a shareable public link to a file on Google Drive, for G Suite accounts without administrative authentication controls.
- a shareable private link to a file on Google Drive, for G Suite accounts with administrative authentication controls.
If your organization has administrative controls enabled for your G Suite accounts, then an Appspace account owner/administrator must configure the Google Slides card theme to input the Google authentication credentials in place. A user who wishes to display his Google Slides file via the card, must then make the file shareable and publish to the web, before adding the link in the card.
The new card also has the following features:
- Improved security via card authentication.
- Ability to customize the slide duration.
- New custom template and themes.
What's in this article:
- Ensure your device is compatible. Refer to Compatible Appspace Cards.
- Account Owner, Publisher, or Editor (author) role in Appspace required to create Google Slides card.
- Account Owner or administrator role in Appspace required to configure authentication on Google Slides card theme (optional).
- A shareable private/public link to the Google Slides file.
Configure Google Slides Card
To configure the card, follow the instructions below:
- Configure Google Authentication (Optional)
- Create a Google Shared Link
- Create and Configure Google Slides Card
Configure Google Authentication
Follow the instructions below to configure the Google Slides card theme with the G Suite account authentication. Appspace Account Owner role required.
- Navigate to System > Cards from the Appspace menu on the left navigation bar, and click the Themes tab.
- Select Google Slides from the Filter By drop-down menu, and click the Duplicate icon of the Base Theme.
- Enter in a name for the card theme, and click the Authenticate button.
- Select or enter in your G Suite credentials, and click Allow to enable Appspace to access the Google account.
- Click Save once the card is authenticated.
Create Shareable Link
Follow the instructions below to create a shareable link to your file on Google Drive:
- Follow the steps outlined in the Publish a file to the web section, from this Google Help site: _URL_
- Click the Publish button, and close the window.
- Follow the "Share a single file" instructions in the "Step 1: Find the file you want to share" section, from this Google Help site: _URL_
- In the "Step 2: Choose who to share with & how they can use your file" section ensure you select one of the following options:
- Share a link to the file – Select this option to get a shareable link to a secured Google file, to be used in an authenticated Google card.
- Share a file publicly – Select this option to get a shareable Google file, to be used in an unauthenticated Google card.
- Copy the shareable link to the Google file and proceed to the next section below.
Create and Configure Google Slides Card
Follow the instructions below to create and configure the card. Account Owner, Publisher, or Editor (author) role required.
- Click the QUICK ACTION menu on the top right and select Create Card, and proceed to step 3 below. Or click Library from the Appspace Menu navigation bar on the left, and proceed to step 2 below.
- Select the desired folder in the library, and click the ADD button, and select Create Card.
- Select Google Slides from the Filter by template menu, and select a desired card template.
- Enter in the Google Slides shareable URL obtained earlier.
- Select the interval duration between slides. Default is set to 8 seconds. If Manual is selected, user input (such as a mouse) is required to switch the slides, use the laser pointer, and jump to a specific slide.
- Once customizations have been made, click Next.
- In the Save tab, enter in the Title, as this is a mandatory field. Optionally, you may enter in the Article, Caption, Content Expiry, Content Tags and even upload a custom thumbnail for the content.
- Click Save to complete, and you may now proceed to add the card into a playlist channel.


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A public figure is accused of a sexual misdeed. You know nothing about the accused besides their name and their alleged crime. And you know nothing about the accuser except their name and their accusation. Can you believe the accuser? We often learn about such sexual harassment accusations. So it behooves us to find a principled response. The Acceptance Principle suggests that we can accept this kind of accusation. Why? I'll explain in this post.
1. The Acceptance Principle
Just like our information about many sexual harassment accusations, "Most of the information that we have …depend[s] on [testimony]", says philosopher Tyler Burge (Burge 1993, 466). So can we accept testimony? Burge discusses a principle that can answer that question — at least sometimes. It is called the Acceptance Principle:
A person is entitled to accept as true something that is presented as true and that is intelligible to him, unless there are stronger reasons not to do so. (p. 467).
The Acceptance Principle suggests that we can trust some testimony. But the Acceptance Principle is not as strong as the idea that we can accept all testimony no matter what. Instead, we accept testimony that is
- presented as true.
- prima facie justified — or in normal language, not in conflict with better evidence.
2. Sexual Harassment Accusations
The three conditions of the Acceptance Principle are straightforward. But it might not be obvious how to apply these conditions. So let's consider three common cases.
A. Testimony Involving Biased Motivation(s)
People often try to dismiss testimony by citing the biased motivations of the testifier.
A second woman accused Franken of harassment and it appears for now to be a politically motivated attention grab (unlike the first accusation, which is credible and awful)
— erin 🎶gloria🎄 ryan (_USER_) November 17, 2017
So what does the Acceptance Principle say we can think about sexual harassment accusations from testifiers that could have biased motivations?
- Biased motivation is not necessarily a problem for the first condition: presenting as true. One can be biased and still present statements as true.
- Biased motivation is not necessarily a problem for the second condition: intelligibility. One can be biased and yet speak intelligibly.
- Biased motivation is not necessarily a problem for the third condition: prima facie justification. Contrary to The Bias Fallacy, being biased does not entail being wrong or likely wrong. So being biased is not necessarily an issue for justification.
So the Acceptance Principle allows us to accept testimony that is motivated by bias. But let's be careful here: we might find that some biased testimony can be discounted for reasons other than bias (e.g., contradiction within the testimony, contradiction with the facts, etc.). And the Acceptance Principle's conditions explain why. The point is just that the Acceptance Principle does not entitle us to dismiss testimony based on bias alone.
B. Testimony vs. Better Evidence
Some evidence is so strong that testimony against the evidence cannot debunk it.
Hi Elon, thanks for the question. Unlike the Earth, Mars has been observed to be round.
We hope you have a fantastic day!
— Flat Earth Society (_USER_) November 28, 2017
So when sexual harassment accusations conflict with our best evidence, what can we do? Well, let's apply the Acceptance Principle to find out:
- Testifying against the best evidence is not necessarily a problem for the first condition: presenting as true. One can testify against the evidence and still present statements as true. E.g., "The earth is the center of the solar system" can be stated as truth.
- Testifying against the best evidence is not necessarily a problem for the second condition: intelligibility. One can testify against the evidence and yet speak intelligibly. E.g., "The earth is flat" is perfectly intelligible.
- But testifying against the best evidence can be a problem for the third condition: prima facie justification. If the best evidence contradicts someone's testimony, then the testimony is, by definition, not "prima facie justified". Why? Because the best evidence is "a stronger reason" than all its alternatives — that's just what 'best' means.
So the Acceptance Principle suggests that we are not entitled to accept testimony that conflicts with better evidence.
C. Conflicting Testimonies
Sometimes two people give the exact opposite testimony.
Clinton made a false ad about me where I was imitating a reporter GROVELING after he changed his story. I would NEVER mock disabled. Shame!
— Donald J. Trump (_USER_) June 12, 2016
For example, someone might testify that So-and-so sexually harassed them. And then So-and-so might testify that they didn't sexually harass this accuser. It would seem that we cannot accept both testimonies without accepting a contradiction. So which testimony can we accept (if we accept either testimony), according to the Acceptance Principle?
- Our conflicting testimonies are not necessarily a problem for the first condition: presenting as true. Both of our testimonies can be presented as true.
- Our conflicting testimonies are not necessarily a problem for the second condition: intelligibility. Both of our testimonies can be intelligible.
- And our conflicting testimonies are not necessarily a problem for the third condition: prima facie justification. It is possible that both of our testimonies are prima facie true (e.g., if no better evidence breaks the stalemate between our testimony).
So the Acceptance Principle does not necessarily give us a verdict on conflicting testimony. At most, the principle counsels us to consider whether one of the stalemated testimonies can be dismissed based on new information pertaining to its three conditions. For example, perhaps we find that one testimony (i) is not presented as truly as the other, (ii) is less intelligible than the other, or (iii) conflicts with better evidence. These findings could break otherwise stalemated testimonies. Prior to such findings, the Acceptance Principle entitles us to embrace the contradiction (if that doesn't violate intelligibility) or else remain agnostic.
The Acceptance Principle offers three conditions under which we can accept testimony: we can accept testimony that is presented as true, intelligible, and not in conflict with better evidence. Apparently this means that we can accept testimony even when it is motivated by bias. But we might not be able to accept two testimonies that perfectly contradict each other — unless, of course, the testimonies differ in terms of their presentation as truth, intelligibility, and their consistency with better evidence.


text:
A Shipment Method is a QuickCode used to define specific shipping methods. For example this can be called: Ground, Express or Air.
In Scurri you can assign a shipment to your chosen carrier and service by including your Shipment Method in our Scurri rules.
Below is an example of how one of these might look.
To create a rule in Scurri you can visit our guide on Scurri Shipment Rules at the below link:
Where are my shipment methods in Brightpearl?
If you have any questions regarding this you can contact our Support Team by emailing _EMAIL_


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Is there an easy example of a (closed) hyperbolic 3-manifold that fibers over the circle but contains some totally geodesic surface?
(Of course such manifolds exist if the 'Virtually Fibered Conjecture' were correct, since a geodesic surface lifts to the fibered cover. But is there something more eplicit?)
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Actually, Jorgensen's orginal example of a closed 3-manifold fibering over the circle has a geodesic immersed surface (although this wasn't proven by him). _URL_-getitem?mr=450546 – Ian Agol Sep 9 '10 at 21:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 23 down vote accepted
There are many specific known examples. Here is one construction:
Start with the 3-torus $T^3$, parametrize in the standard way as $R^3/Z^3$. It fibers over the circle in many ways. Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be three disjoint circles, coming form lines parallel to the x, y and z axes. For most fibrations, these three circles are transverse to the fibers. Form a branched cover of the torus with two-fold branching over all preimages of these 3 circles. The resulting manifold has a hyperbolic structure that can be constructed from right-angled hyperbolic dodecahedra, and is commensurable with the 4-fold branched cover of $S^3$ over the Borromean rings. You can think of it this way: you can take a unit cube as fundamental domain for the torus, and arrange that a, b and c lie on faces of the cube, each bisecting a pari of (glued together) opposite facce. This induces a subdividision of the boundary of the cube into what look like rectangles, but are really pentagons.
The map (x,y,z) -> x+y+z gives a fibration over the torus, also works for any branched cover as described. The preimage of any face of the cube is an extended face plane of a dodecahedron, and is always a totally geodesic immersed surface, but it splits into two embedded surfaces for suitable branched covers of $T^3$ (perhaps the one you first come up with.)
The tiling of hyperbolic space by right-angled dodecahedra has a cameo appearance in the video "Not Knot" we made at the Geometry Center, available together with "Outside In" on DVD from AKPeters. In the 1984 Scientific American Article The Mathematics of three-dimensional manifolds that Jeff Weeks and I wrote, a manifold in this family (constructed from right-angled hyperbolic dodecahedra and having the properties you asked for) was described as the configuration space of a mechanical linkage. I don't think these particular properties were pointed out in Scientific American.
This and other examples that are counterintuitive at first were a good part of my motivation when I raised the question whether all hyperbolic 3-manifolds virtually fiber over the circle, which at the time was a radical idea.
share|improve this answer
And the right-angled pentagons glue together to give the totally geodesic surface, yes? A question: How much harder is it to describe a cover where some totally geodesic surface is embedded? – Sam Nead Sep 9 '10 at 20:03
Yes on gluing the pentagons. It's not hard to make a cover, I was just trying to keep it shorter. To get an easy-to-describe cover, first pass to the 8-fold cover of the torus that unwraps the torus mod 2. Now the axes each come in quadruplicate, so their sum is trivial in $Z/2$ homology. Choose a surface that they bound (mod 2). It doesn't need to embedded, so just use a union of annuli pairing up parallel axes. Take two copies of this manifold, and cross-connect at the surfaces: think of them as magic portals, so that when you pass through it transports you to an alternate universe. – Bill Thurston Sep 10 '10 at 18:31
I think I see it. I could equip the double cover of the $8$--fold cover with a singular Euclidean metric with $4\pi$ cone locus about the axes. Since "parallel to the $zx$--plane" makes sense, the annuli have to unwrap to give embedded surfaces. Drawing a picture and staring at it convinces me that they are genus two surfaces. – Sam Nead Sep 11 '10 at 10:52
Right. There are choices of which annuli to use in the 8-fold cover which don't change the topology of the branched cover, but do change descriptions of surfaces. Each annulus is intersected by two axes, so there is at least one other annulus cutting through it. You can choose the rest of the annuli to stay away from that one. To form the 2-fold branched cover, the annulus has a single arc in the interior as branch cut. Open the slit, giving a pair of pants; in the branched cover, you have two pairs of pants joined to mke a double-torus. Can you also see the fibers of (x,y,z) -> (x+y+z)? – Bill Thurston Sep 11 '10 at 13:28
I had to draw another picture. The fibre $F$ of the map from $T^3$ to $S^1$ is the hex torus you get by gluing a hexagon and two triangles (these are obtained by connecting the midpoints of the edges of the cube $[0,2]^3$ in the right way). Any cone locus (parallel to an axis) meets $F$ in just one point. So the fibre of the actual map is obtained by taking the double branched cover of $F$ at twelve points. So, a surface of genus seven. I need to think about the monodromy some more. – Sam Nead Sep 12 '10 at 7:49
This example is neither particularly easy nor explicit, but it is at least a definite family of examples.
It follows from a paper of Bergeron--Haglund--Wise and work of Agol that any'standard' arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifold virtually fibres. These examples contain lots of totally geodesic surfaces which, as you say, will lift to totally geodesic surfaces in the fibred cover.
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Propane also produces significantly fewer greenhouse gas emissions than diesel, gasoline, and electricity. It's nontoxic and safe for soil and groundwater supplies. And, because propane burns cleaner than other fuels, propane-powered appliances require less maintenance.


A Framework for Knowledge Integrated Evolutionary Algorithms
03/31/2021 ∙ by Ahmed Hallawa, et al. ∙ 28
One of the main reasons for the success of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) is their general-purposeness, i.e., the fact that they can be applied straightforwardly to a broad range of optimization problems, without any specific prior knowledge. On the other hand, it has been shown that incorporating a priori knowledge, such as expert knowledge or empirical findings, can significantly improve the performance of an EA. However, integrating knowledge in EAs poses numerous challenges. It is often the case that the features of the search space are unknown, hence any knowledge associated with the search space properties can be hardly used. In addition, a priori knowledge is typically problem-specific and hard to generalize. In this paper, we propose a framework, called Knowledge Integrated Evolutionary Algorithm (KIEA), which facilitates the integration of existing knowledge into EAs. Notably, the KIEA framework is EA-agnostic (i.e., it works with any evolutionary algorithm), problem-independent (i.e., it is not dedicated to a specific type of problems), expandable (i.e., its knowledge base can grow over time). Furthermore, the framework integrates knowledge while the EA is running, thus optimizing the use of the needed computational power. In the preliminary experiments shown here, we observe that the KIEA framework produces in the worst case an 80 "knowledge-free" EA counterpart.
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How to run npm Behind A Proxy Server - a step-by-step guide
You might need to modify npm install commands that access remote repositories (npmjs, for example) for installing Node JS modules; if your internet access is through a proxy server.
Proxy servers are common in college and business type environments.
You can locate your proxy settings from your browser's settings panel.
Using Proxy with NPM
Once you have obtained the proxy settings (server URL, port, username and password); you need to configure your npm configurations as follows.
$ npm config set proxy http://:@:
$ npm config set https-proxy http://:@:
You would have to replace , , , with the values specific to your proxy server credentials.
These fields are optional. For instance, your proxy server might not even require and , or that it might be running on port 80 (in which case is not required).
Once you have set these, your npm install, npm i -g etc. would work properly.
When Not to Use
You should not have to use npm commands with proxy settings, if either of the following happens:
 - Your system administrator or corporate policy does not allow you to access remote npm repositories from NPM-JS, for instance.
 - The remote repository of Node modules in question is not in your machine, but it's within the internal network.
Unset Proxy Settings
Use this blog post to unset your proxy settings. You can also manually remove the lines specifying your proxy settings from your.npmrc file.
You may use the following resources for further reading on this:-
I used this type of my proxy, but the connection failed to establish. What's the problem?
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