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Horace Mann alumnus Amos Kamil uncovered decades of sexual abuse at his school in a shocking New York Times Magazine cover story.
Here are some highlights from the article:
-Shortly after Kamil arrived at the school, he was warned by another student about certain teachers who were known as perverts.
-One former student says his art teacher, Mark Wright, asked to draw a portrait of him after-hours. He then allegedly made the boy strip and assaulted him.
-The same teacher performed physicals for boys' sports and allegedly assaulted boys then.
-Another teacher, Stanley Kops, coached the swim team and was known to allegedly join the boys in the shower. He later resigned after allegations of misconduct and committed suicide.
-Johannes Somary was a brilliant music teacher who allegedly took one student on solo trips to Europe, where the student accuses him of rape.
-Another student, Ben, eventually admitted to his parents he had a sexual relationship with Somary. When his mother confronted the teacher he said "That's how we Swiss kiss!" Ben eventually committed suicide.
-When the author tried to contact the school, they said: "The article contains allegations dating back, in some instances, 30 years, long before the current administration took office, which makes it difficult to accurately respond to the factual allegations therein. In addition, on June 13, 1984, there was a fire in the attic of the business office that destroyed some records."
-The school has since released this letter to parents responding to the article.


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Seen at the Air Force Space and Missile Museum at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida — it's a model of the
Dinosaur Dynasoar space plane:
Likely the most poorly-named program ever conceived, the Dynasoar (for dynamic soaring) was an early attempt at making a reusable manned space plane — essentially a mini-shuttle, and in some sense a follow-on to the X-15 experimental aircraft. First proposed in 1957, the U. S. Air Force saw this single-seat craft as their way into space — and assigned it a dizzying future array of tasks. Variants were discussed for reconnaissance, long-range weapons delivery, and even in-orbit warfare (the Soviets were planning similar vehicles at the time, so this was hardly unilateral thinking).
Ultimately, the program wound down in 1963, victim of an unclear mission, escalating costs, and a hostile political environment — just months away from completion of the first flight-worthy vehicle. In its early days, Dynasoar was hobbled by the Eisenhower administration's desire to avoid military competition with NASA's mission of manned orbital flight. Once the Kennedy administration was in place, Defense Secretary McNamara ultimately cancelled Dynasoar in favor of military use of the Gemini spacecraft that NASA was then developing (although it too would soon be cancelled).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Monday, March 3, 2014
Antibodies in Colostrum Keep Bacteria from Growing?
I am reporting this with a straight face. Believe it or not. The dairyman tells me he doesn't worry about how he handles his colostrum. He said, "My colostrum is so high in antibodies that the bacteria won't grow in it."
I am not pulling your leg. Does he think antibodies are a disinfectant or something?
Somehow here we have a basic disconnect about antibodies. Recall that in plain terms antibodies identify and neutralize objects that are foreign to calves bodies such as bacteria and viruses.That's their job in the immune system. As such they do keep bacteria from multiplying inside the body of a calf.
I suppose that might be where this person got the idea that antibodies keep bacteria from growing. The part he missed entirely is that antibodies are part of the body's immune system - they work inside calves, not in pails of colostrum.
Maybe I will be inspired in the next week or two and come up with some very clear way to explain how antibodies work so even this guy will understand that he really does need to follow best management practices when handling his colostrum to control bacteria contamination levels.
1 comment:
 1. enjoyed this story...Always like looking at your blog when i can...


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For service members, veterans, and their families grappling with immigration issues in the Sunshine State, a Florida-based military immigration lawyer serves as an invaluable ally, offering tailored support and guidance through intricate legal landscapes. Let's explore how these legal professionals play a pivotal role in ensuring the rights and smooth transitions of those serving in the military.
Immigration lawyers can assist military service members with various aspects related to immigration law. Some of the practice areas where they can provide help include:
- Naturalization and Citizenship: Assisting service members in applying for U.S. citizenship through military service.
- Family-Based Immigration: Helping with petitions for family members, including spouses, children, and parents, to enter or remain in the United States.
- Adjustment of Status: Guiding service members through the process of adjusting their immigration status, especially if they're marrying a foreign national or have other eligibility grounds.
- Defense from Deportation: Representing service members facing deportation or removal proceedings due to immigration issues.
- Special Immigration Programs: Assisting with special immigration programs available to military personnel, such as the Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest (MAVNI) program.
- Visas and Extensions: Helping service members obtain or extend visas, including temporary or permanent visas for themselves or their family members.
- Legal Assistance for Military Families: Providing legal advice and assistance to military families facing immigration-related challenges or issues.
- Benefits and Protections: Advising service members on immigration-related benefits and protections available to them due to their military service status.
Understanding the Unique Challenges
Military personnel and their families can grapple with unique immigration obstacles owing to the nature of their service. For non-citizen service members, the pursuit of citizenship involves navigating a labyrinth of regulations. This process is particularly daunting during deployments or stationed periods abroad. The challenges intensify due to the stringent criteria and intricate procedures involved in obtaining citizenship while actively serving the country in various global locations.
Furthermore, the complexities extend to military families as they encounter hurdles in maintaining legal residency status or securing visas for their family members. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of both immigration laws and the intricate web of military regulations. These families often face the challenge of staying together and ensuring legal status for all members, especially when deployed overseas where regulations might differ from those in their home country.
Expertise in Military-Specific USCIS Immigration Matters
Operating at the intersection of military service and immigration law, a Florida attorney specializing in military immigration brings a tailored skill set to support service members and their families.
- Accelerated Citizenship: Service members, whether active, reserve, or veterans, often qualify for expedited citizenship pathways. Special provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) enable them to apply for naturalization, bypassing certain residency requirements and expediting the citizenship process.
- MAVNI Program and Military Enlistment: The Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest (MAVNI) program allows non-citizens with crucial skills, like medical or linguistic expertise, to enlist. USCIS collaborates with the military to oversee eligibility, application, and expedited citizenship or lawful permanent residence for these recruits.
- Parole in Place (PIP): Military personnel's family members can benefit from Parole in Place, granting undocumented spouses, parents, and children permission to stay in the US without leaving to obtain visas or green cards.
- Immigration Services on Military Installations: Some bases host USCIS offices or personnel offering immigration services, providing convenient access for service members and their families to seek guidance or file applications.
- Family-Based Immigration Benefits: Service members can sponsor immediate relatives for immigration benefits, potentially expediting processing due to their military service.
- Military Family Member Residency (MFMR) Program: Assisting spouses and dependents stationed abroad, this program maintains their residency and access to immigration benefits.
For example, a non-citizen service member seeking expedited citizenship due to military service would receive assistance compiling necessary documents and expediting the application process from a Florida military immigration lawyer.
Likewise, if a service member faces immigration issues while deployed, such as family visa complications, these attorneys provide guidance and legal measures to safeguard their family's immigration status.
Their expertise extends to advising non-citizens with critical skills enlisting through programs like MAVNI, ensuring compliance with strict legal requirements for both recruits and the military.
These lawyers act as pivotal advocates, leveraging specialized knowledge to navigate the complexities of military service and immigration law. Ultimately, they support service members and their families in fulfilling duties while addressing immigration needs.
Navigating Legal Complexities and Processes
One of the primary roles of these lawyers is to guide and represent service members facing legal challenges related to immigration. Whether it's visa denials, deportation threats, or resolving issues impacting a service member's immigration status, these legal professionals provide adept representation and counsel throughout the process.
Assistance with Government Agencies
Military immigration lawyers facilitate communication with various government entities such as USCIS, the Department of Defense, or embassies/consulates abroad. This ensures efficient resolution of immigration matters by leveraging their expertise and understanding of the specific procedures and requirements pertinent to military personnel.
Optimizing Benefits and Resources
With access to resources and information tailored for service members, these lawyers ensure that individuals are aware of all available benefits and options regarding immigration matters. This includes identifying relevant programs, waivers, and resources designed to support military personnel and their families.
Supporting Service Members' Contributions
By offering legal aid and support, Florida military immigration lawyers acknowledge and honor the sacrifices made by service members. Their role extends beyond legal representation, encompassing a commitment to safeguarding the rights and contributions of those who serve the nation.
Need Help with Military Immigration?
At Rebecca Black Law, PA, we're dedicated to supporting our service members through the complex immigration process. Our specialized legal team understands the unique challenges you face and is committed to navigating the intricacies of immigration law to ensure a smooth and efficient process for you. Contact us today to learn how we can assist you in securing your immigration needs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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There's no question that transformational change is required to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climate change. At the Adecco Group, we believe that one key element lies at the heart of transitioning to a truly sustainable economy: investing in reskilling and upskilling. Skills and the Green Economy shape each other.
To highlight this crucial role, we recently hosted our "Skills for the Green Economy" webinar, bringing together public and private stakeholders to discuss the important role that policies play and share best practices. By embracing the need for investments into skills, all stakeholders can contribute to ensuring a fair transition towards the Green Economy, helping counter rising unemployment, poverty, and inequality.


British Council caught in a real life 'absurd episode'
With the British Council forced into the spotlight amid deteriorating Anglo-Russian relations, Matthew Weaver looks into organisation's background
The Third Man
The Third Man: featuring an earlier British Council crisis
The British Council features in Graham Greene's classic thriller The Third Man where, as the narrator puts it, "the absurd episode of the British Council lecturer" is a central part of the story.
The council now finds itself at the centre of non-fictional "absurd episode" worthy of a Greene novel. It involves a poisoned former spy, a cold-war style diplomatic stand-off and alleged intimidation of British Council officials.
The dispute is not about the British Council itself, which promotes British culture, business and the English language.
Instead, the organisation, which has been operating all over the world for more than 70 years, has become embroiled in worsening relations between Russia and the UK following the death of the former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko, poisoned in London in 2006.
"The British Council is a cultural organisation and should not be involved in political disputes," says the council's Russia director, James Kennedy.
It was drawn into worsening Anglo-Russian relations when Moscow ordered the UK to close the council's offices in St Petersburg and Yekaterinburg.
Russia accused the council of tax irregularities - a charge it denied. The British government regarded the allegations as spurious and defiantly kept the offices open - a stance described by the Russian foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, as "colonial".
Now the St Petersburg office director, Stephen Kinnock, has been stopped by the Russian authorities accused of drink driving.
The British government suggests he is being picked on. Kinnock is the son of the former Labour leader, Neil Kinnock, who is the British Council's chairman.
The organisation was set up in 1934 and is answerable to the Foreign Office. Its remit is "to build mutually beneficial cultural and educational relationships between the United Kingdom and other countries, and increase appreciation of the United Kingdom's creative ideas and achievements".
The French and German equivalents are the Institut Francais and the Goethe-Institute.
The council has an annual turnover of more than £500m, including almost £200m of government grants. Much of its activities are devoted to providing language classes.
Its cultural promotion includes funding a production of Love's Labour's Lost in Afghanistan, the first Shakespeare production there for 17 years, but it has prompted controversy in recent years by broadening its traditional arts role into other areas including technology and tackling climate change.
This has prompted anxiety from arts establishment, who are concerned that it does not become a producer of propaganda for the British government.
In an interview in the Observer last August, the novelist Fay Weldon accused the council of squeezing library funding in favour of increasing activities in the Muslim world.
"We're trying to impose our culture and values on the culture of countries that don't share them," she said
And last week, leading artists including Peter Blake and Anthony Caro expressed their dismay at the disbanding of the council's individual art departments.
In response, the chief executive Martin Davidson says: "The British Council remains deeply committed to the arts in all its forms. But like any organisation, we need to review our focus from time to time."
With events becoming increasingly murky in Russia, it may certainly be forced to review its focus there.
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similar Plains setting. In which case, you can take inspiration not just from Pueblo but from plains and steppe cultures across the world. The tricky bit is then to ensure that your fictional culture is something unique and of itself. Don't just take actual elements from real cultures or you will end up with a mishmash of totem poles, tipis, feather head dresses, and goodness knows what else. It will be offensive to the cultures involved and lacking consistency for your readers. Better to look at what all these cultures have in common, what constraints are imposed by the generic plains setting, and allow your fictional culture to solve it in their own way, with their own unique customs, architecture, practices and so on. In that way no real world people will be offended, because the story won't be a bad pastiche of their culture, it will be something new albeit in a comparable setting.
Your Answer


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Is it possible to create a whole band from recycled materials? Yes! And it's also a great way to explore music at home or in the classroom while showing that reducing, reusing and recycling can be a blast!
So, rummage around in your recycling bin and craft cabinet and pull out some supplies. Here are some great musical projects that you can easily create in April for Earth Day or any time of year!
A CHINESE-STYLE GONG
Start your project or your band with a bang - bang a gong that is! In ancient China, some of the magnificent gongs they created could be heard from miles away! Thankfully, the ones you create won't be nearly that loud!
Supplies for this project are a large roasting pan or cake pan, pipe cleaners, a cardboard tube from wrapping paper (or a large stick) and materials for decoration. You'll also need a smaller stick, a ruler or a wooden spoon that can become the striker for your new gong. Step-by-step instructions for this project are at the link below.
Every culture in the world has some form of rattle! It's one of the simplest instruments to play. Creating a variety of rattles with different materials and in different containers gives you a great percussion ensemble that can be played by anyone – kids of any age or ability. They can even be played by grown-ups who claim to have no musical abilities! Check out the instructions at the link below.
A DRUM THAT SOUNDS LIKE THE OCEAN
Are you looking for a quieter instrument? Do you have any extra shipping boxes around? If so, you can combine these two things and make an ocean drum that produces the soothing sounds of waves at the sea. By reusing materials from plastic containers or old report clear covers you can create a window in your shipping box. Then, you are able to hear the sounds of the surf and also be soothed as the drum/box is tilted from one side to another and the contents form a kaleidoscope of wonderful, changing patterns.
This is a great instrument to play with quieter music or to create a peaceful space in a busy day.
A BEAUTIFUL "STICKERED" SHEKERE
If you've ever seen shekeres (or sekeres) from Africa, you've probably been dazzled by the beautiful patterns of bead work that go into these wonderful instruments. Since finding just the right dried gourd and the intricate bead work can be a challenge for young hands, we've created a craft where kids can "bead" or create patterns with stickers. The shekere is also filled with rice, beans or small beads so that when it is shaken, it creates a nice percussion sound - just like the real thing!
If you take a moment to check out Daria's website, you can also explore other instruments such as didgeridoos, guiros and a string thing that let's you play with pitch and melody! You can also find complete instructions for the projects mentioned here at the Kinderart.com links below.
So feel free to explore music and art – the planet will surely smile at your wonderful creations!
A CHINESE-STYLE GONG:
AN OCEAN DRUM:
A STICKER SHEKERE:


Carnival mask crafts for children of cardboard
Kids crafts from kartonaCarnival mask
What you need to crafts:
1. Cardboard mask or cardboard, streamers or colored rope, sequins and feathers, gum
2. scissors and glue, paint
How do you make crafts:
1. Discuss the general form
2. Buy a mask or cut out of cardboard
3. Paint the light-absorbing paint, wait for drying
4. mask smeared with glue and glue the colorless at her sequins and feathers
5. Tie the edges of gum (attachment) and colored rope (for beauty)


"Diet and Lifestyle Conditioning Can Change Your Genes Expression".Rhonda Patrick Ph.D.
"92% Epigenetic"
Let's start first with Dr. Russell Jaffe
(He explains Epigenetics in 1:15 second video clip)
Rhonda Patrick Ph.D.
 - Your diet especially micronutrients, exercise and hyperthermic conditioning can change your gene expression.
 What does gene expression mean?
 - Genes that are expressed are active and they are doing what they are supposed to do while genes that are not expressed are inactive and not doing what they are supposed to do even if they are present. This is known as gene expression and expression of thousands of genes can be measured at once by gene microarray profiling
 - Changes in our genes are regulated by our diet, sleep patterns, stress levels and exercise etc. For example a particular micronutrient vitamin D, which is fat soluble, is converted into a steroid hormone that regulates the expression of over 900 genes in human body, regulating 124th of the human genome. Vitamin D can also turn on and off the expression of genes.
 Mechanisms of Vitamin D
 - It regulates brain functions which impact behavior. It turns on expression of a gene that makes an enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase, which is a rate limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan into serotonin. Serotonin in turn regulates wide variety of behaviors such as aggression, anxiety, emotional behavior, cognitive functioning, learning and memory.
 The importance of vitamin D can be seen in this picture. In the above picture, the mice are about 4 ½ years old and the mouse on the left is vitamin D deficient while the mouse on the right has normal levels of vitamin D. The lower picture has been taken 4 months later and the immense aging effects of vitamin D deficiency are clearly visible in the mouse on lower left.
 - Exercise: Exercise also increases telomere length. Research done on 2500 twin pairs showed that twins that were most active had longest telomeres while those sedimentary had shortest telomeres. They had a difference of 10 years in telomere length. 10 years biological age difference from people who were most physically active to those who were sedimentary.
 - A classic study done in Duke university highlighted the necessity of having a good diet. They took agouti mice having yellow fur that is caused by the agouti gene. This yellow fur predisposes them to obesity, cancer and type II diabetes. They took female mice and fed them a diet high in vitamin B, folic acid and B12 3 weeks before they got pregnant. They found that these mice had silenced that agouti gene. Their offspring had it but it was not expressed. So they no longer had that yellow fur and were not predisposed to cancer, obesity etc. This really highlights the importance of having a good nutrition.
 Dr. Rhonda Patrick: "How is it that we can change the expression of our Genes?
 (Less than 4 minutes video)
 Brief Summary
 Our diet especially micronutrients in our diet (vitamins & minerals), exercise routine, stress levels, sleep patterns and hyperthermic conditioning can change the expression of our genes. This change in our expression of genes affects how we age and also our performance in terms of endurance enhancements. This also affects our offspring dramatically by transferring healthy genes or unhealthy expression genes (nutrients deficient genes).
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Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a prevalent mammalian energy metabolism sensor, but little is known about its role as an energy sensor in fish experiencing stress. We aimed to study AMPK in Oreochromis niloticus on both the molecular and the physical level. We found that the cDNAs encoding the AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 variants of the O. niloticus catalytic α subunit were 1753 bp and 2563 bp long and encoded 571 and 557 amino acids, respectively. Both the AMPKα1 and the AMPKα2 isoform possess structural features similar to mammalian AMPKα, including a phosphorylation site at Thr172 in the N-terminus, and exhibit high homology with other fish and vertebrate AMPKα sequences (81.3%–98.1%). mRNA encoding the AMPKα isoforms was widely expressed in various tissues with distinctive patterns. AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 were primarily expressed in the intestines and brain, respectively. Under acute nitrite challenge, the mRNA encoding the AMPKα isoforms, as well as AMPK activity, changed over time. Its recovery period in freshwater, combined with the fact that it is highly conserved, suggests that fish AMPK, like its mammalian orthologues, acts as an energy metabolism sensor. Furthermore, subsequent decreases in AMPK mRNA levels and activity suggested that its action was transient but efficient. Physically, glucose, lactic acid and TGs in plasma, as well as energy materials in the hepatopancreas and muscle, were significantly altered over time, indicating changes in energy metabolism during the experimental period. These data have enabled us to characterize energy utilization in O. niloticus and further illustrate the role of fish AMPK as an energy sensor. This study provides new insight into energy metabolism and sensing by AMPK in teleost and necessitates further study of the multiple physiologic roles of AMPK in fish.
- AMP-activated protein kinase α
- Energy metabolism
- Gene expression
- Oreochromis niloticus


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Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test
Latin name: Stenodus sp
Source material: Fillet
Common names: Inconnu, Whitefish, Connie, Nelma, Sheefish
Whitefish (Inconnu) is a food which may result in allergy symptoms in sensitised individuals.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Allergen Exposure
The inconnu, or nelma, sheefish or connie is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae, related to salmon, trout, chars and graylings. It is commercially fished throughout the Arctic and the North American basins of the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers.
Inconnu is a popular food fish in the regions which it inhabits, and can be found for sale either fresh or frozen, whole or filleted. It is a common ingredient in Siberian cuisine, included in dishes such as Siberian fish nelma dumplings, fish stews and pies.
As a whitefish with firm, flaky flesh, the inconnu is often substituted for other species such as haddock, pollock or cod, particularly where it is more locally available. It is described as tender yet fatty, with a subtle pleasant taste.
Inconnu is low in saturated fat and sodium, although relatively high in cholesterol. It has a high concentration of nutrients, providing a good source of calcium, and a very good source of protein, vitamin B12, phosphorus and selenium.
With numbers of inconnu on the decline, and the closely related species beloribitsa now extinct in the wild, this fish is now generally farmed for commercial sale, although the wild fish is reported to have a superior flavour.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Allergen Description
No specific allergens present in inconnu have been characterised to date, although a number of proteins have been identified.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Potential Cross-Reactivity
Species within groups of fish, like Gadiformes (examples: codfish and hake) and Scombroid fishes (examples: mackerel and tuna) seem to share allergenic components. The overlap of allergen specificity between the groups seems to be moderate or even small.
Cross-reactivity to inconnu within the order Salmoniformes can therefore be expected, which includes salmon, trout, chars and graylings.
Whitefish (Inconnu) Allergy Test: Clinical Experience
Sensitisation to fish allergen is common. Fish, including inconnu, is a potential cause of food allergy and atopic dermatitis.
Immediate allergic reactions may follow ingestion of even minute amounts of fish.
Symptoms can include oral allergy syndrome, generalised urticaria, facial angioedema and anaphylaxis.
Because patients react to both cooked and raw fish, it is assumed the allergens are heat-resistant. However, more recent studies indicate that patients may react differently to processed food and that allergic reactions may be species-specific.
It has been reported that some fish allergic persons can exhibit allergic symptoms due to the steam (airborne allergens) from cooking fish.
Acute anisakiasis as a result of the larvae of the fish parasite Anisakis simplex may occur following ingestion of undercooked or raw inconnu.
Symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, diarrhea, blood and mucus in stool, and mild fever. Allergic reactions with rash and itching, and infrequently, anaphylaxis, can also occur.
Fish allergy is sometimes confused with a reaction to histamine in spoiled fish.


Short communication
J Phys Astr, Volume: 6( 2)
An Inverse Problem for a Single Orbit
Bozis G, Department of Physics, University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Tel: +30 2 310 998 111; EMail: [email protected]
Received: May 30, 2018; Accepted: June 8, 2018; Published: June 15, 2018
Citation: Bozis G. An Inverse Problem for a Single Orbit. J Phys Astron. 2018; 6(2):153
The inverse problem of Dynamics for monoparametric families of orbits F(x,y)= c, produced in a potential field, has been studied in the past for various versions (e.g. for one or two or three parametric families, for two or three dimensional potentials in Cartesian or curvilinear coordinates, in inertial or rotating frames etc) [1].
In this report we refer to the planar motion of a unit mass material point P in an inertial frame Oxy, in a two-dimensional potential V= V(x,y), tracing one orbit (or a branch of the whole orbit) given by the equation y= f(x). We answer two questions: (a): The two functions V=V(x,y) and y=f(x) are given arbitrarily. Are they consistent? (b): An equation y= f(x) is given arbitrarily. For which potentials this equation can stand for an orbit?
We denote by Vf = Vf (x )= V(x,y=f(x)). (It stands to reason to call it orbital potential). Similarly e.g. equation and equation. For an arbitrary function A(x,y) we have: Af = A(x,y=f(x)). We consider A(x,y) as adequate if its orbital value is not infinity, i.e. if equation. The total energy of the point P is Ef.
Two Theorems-Examples
Theorem A
An observed branch of an orbit y= f(x) (with f"(x) ≠ 0) can be produced by a given potential V= V(x,y) if and only if
equation (1)
As a hint for the proof, we refer to Szebehely's formula for monoparametric families (as modified by Bozis (1995)) with an appropriate interpretation of the slope function γ (x, y) of the family and the help of both the orbital functions Vf(x) and the orbital function equation, introduced here.
Example: Let us verify that the upper branch of the Newtonian ellipse equation i.e.,equation withequation and Newton's potential equation are compatible. Indeed, with e.g. equation etc., the left hand side of equation (1) gives equation, as expected.
Theorem B
All potentials V(x,y) which (for adequate initial conditions, consistent with Ef ) can produce an observed branch of orbit y= f(x) are given by the formula:
where equation. The function A(x,y) is an adequate arbitrary function and (with the constant of the indefinite integral L(x) taken equal to zero) Ef is the energy of P.
To prove the theorem B, we only need verify that, indeed, the orbit y= f(x) and the potential (2) are consistent, i.e. that they satisfy the equation (1).
Example: For equation we haveequation. So, formula (2) gives one out of the infinitely many potentials which can produce the orbit y = x3 with Ef=1. For equation (so that) this potential is
i. The function y=f(x) is real if EfVf and is defined in an interval of the x-axis which can be found from the inequality L(x) ≤ 0.
ii. If the observed (given) orbit is a straight line f (x) = λx +μ (in which case f"(x)=0), the above formulae (1) and (2) are not applicable. Then, an affirmative answer to the question 1(a) is given if Vyf = λVxf. As to the formula for the question (1b) (giving the totality of potentials producing the straight line f (x) = λx +μ ) now it reads:
equation (3)
where a(x +λy),b(x, y) are arbitrary functions of their respective arguments.
It is directly shown that all the potentials (3) satisfy the relation Vyf = λVxf.
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8 Steps to Becoming Pretty much anonymous online
There are a lot of reasons to want to stay anonymous online. Maybe you're a whistleblowers, maybe you're worried about identity theft, or maybe you just don't want your boss to know what you're really up to on the internet. Whatever your reasons, there are some simple 8 steps to becoming pretty much anonymous online.
Table of Contents
Why you might want to become anonymous online
These days, it seems like everyone from corporations to government agencies is trying to collect as much data on us as possible. And with new revelations about data breaches and privacy violations coming out almost daily, it's no wonder that more and more people are looking for steps to becoming pretty much anonymous online.
There are many reasons why someone might want to become anonymous online. Maybe you're concerned about online predators or cyberbullies targeting you or your family. Maybe you want to avoid being targeted by advertisers. Or maybe you just want to exercise your right to privacy.
Whatever your reasons, there are a few things you can do to becoming pretty much anonymous online. Here are 8 steps to becoming pretty much anonymous online:
- Use a VPN
- Use Tor
- Use a secure email service
- Use a secure messaging app
- Use a password manager
- Use two-factor authentication
- Be careful what you post online
- Limit the amount of personal information you share online
8 Steps to becoming pretty much anonymous online
Step 1: Create a new email address.
The majority of personal data breaches occur because hackers gain access to people's email accounts. So this is the first step from the 8 steps to becoming pretty much anonymous online is creating a new, unique email address that isn't connected to any of your other online accounts.
There are a few different ways you can do this. You can create a new Gmail account using an alias (like _EMAIL_), or you can sign up for a burner email account with a service like 10 Minute Mail.
Whichever method you choose, make sure to use a strong, unique password that you don't use for any other accounts. You can use a password manager like LastPass or 1Password to generate and store complex passwords for all your different accounts.
Step 2: Get a VPN.
A VPN creates a private tunnel through the internet to another server. Your computer's IP address is masked, and all your internet traffic is encrypted. This makes it incredibly difficult for someone to track your online activity.
There are a lot of VPN providers out there, but we recommend ExpressVPN. It's easy to use, it's fast, and it's affordable. Plus, it has servers in 94 countries, so you can access blocked content no matter where you are.
Step 3: Use TOR.
TOR, which stands for The Onion Router, is a system designed to protect your online anonymity. When you use TOR, your traffic is encrypted and routed through a series of TOR servers, making it effectively impossible for anyone to track your online activity.
Step 4: Create new social media accounts.
The fourth step to becoming pretty much anonymous online is to create new social media accounts. If you have been using the same social media accounts for a long time, there is a good chance that your real identity is attached to them.
Creating new accounts is a good way to start fresh and make it more difficult for people to find you. When creating new accounts, be sure to use a fake name, fake profile picture, and fake information. Additionally, consider using a VPN when signing up for new social media accounts.
Step 5: Use a burner phone.
A burner phone is a cell phone that you purchase specifically for the purpose of using it for a short period of time and then discarding it. This can be particularly useful if you are worried about someone tracking your online activity or if you simply want to protect your privacy.
There are a few things to keep in mind when using a burner phone:
- Choose a prepaid phone so that there is no way to trace the number back to you.
- Turn off all location services so that your location cannot be tracked.
- Do not use your real name or any other personal information when setting up the phone.
- Do not connect the phone to any other devices, such as your computer or tablet.
- Do not use the same phone number for multiple purposes. For example, if you are using the burner phone for work, do not also use it for personal calls.
- Keep the phone with you at all times and Do not store any sensitive information on the device, such as passwords or banking information.
Step 6: Don't use your real name.
First, consider what you're trying to keep hidden. If you're worried about someone finding your social media profiles, you might choose to use a nickname or a pseudonym (a made-up name) or if you want to keep your browsing habits private from your ISP or government, you have to use a virtual private network.
If you're trying to maintain anonymity so you can speak freely on controversial topics without retribution, you might want to consider using a tool like Tor. This is the software that was used by Edward Snowden when he shared classified information with journalists.
Choosing a pseudonym is the first step in maintaining anonymity online, but it's not the only one. Here are a few more things to keep in mind:
Don't use your real name. This should be obvious, but it's worth repeating. If you want to be anonymous, don't use your real name (or any variation of it).
Don't use personal information. This includes your address, phone number, birthday, and anything else that could be used to identify you.
Be careful what you post. Once something is online, it's very difficult to remove it. Think carefully about what you share before hitting "post."
Beware of phishing scams. These are attempts by scammers to get personal information from you by pretending to be a trustworthy source. Be very careful about giving out any information—even if it seems like it's coming from a trusted source.
Step 7: Be careful what you post online.
The internet is a wonderful tool that allows us to connect with people all over the world, but it also has its pitfalls. It's important to be careful about what you post online, as anything you post can be seen by anyone in the world.
There are some simple steps you can take to help protect your privacy online:
Think before you post. Be careful about what information you share, as it can be used to track you down.
Use a pseudonym. If you must use your real name, consider using a nickname or initials instead.
Be aware of your privacy settings. Social media sites and other online services often have different privacy settings – make sure you understand how these work before sharing anything sensitive.
Don't post personal information. This includes your home address, phone number, email address, and date of birth.
Avoid geotagging. Geotagging is when your location is automatically added to your posts – this can give away where you live or work, so it's best to avoid it if possible.
Think twice before posting photos of people without their permission. If you must do this, consider blurring their faces or avoid posting identifying information about them.
Be aware that anything you post online could be shared without your consent. Once something is posted online, it's very difficult to control who sees it or how it's used, so think carefully before hitting "post"!
Step 8: Use caution when meeting people online.
If you have been corresponding with someone online and you would like to meet them in person, there are some precautions you should take. First, always meet in a public place and let someone know where you are going and when you will be back. Second, don't give out too much personal information (such as your home address or phone number) until you get to know the person better. Finally, trust your gut instinct – if something feels "off," it probably is.


text:
Human Individuality Project (HIP)
The Human Individuality Project (HIP): A pilot study to determine whether a new software data tracking tool (Traktion) can successfully analyze, capture, and curate evidence to elucidate if an ABO blood type-specific diet has an effect on individual health outcomes.
- Peter D'Adamo, ND
- Natalie Colicci, ND
- Tom Greenfield, ND
- Valentine Prisecaru MS
- Robert Brody, ND
- Meghan Gonick, ND, L.Ac
- Korene Mosher, research RN
- Robert Boyd
- Diana Zitserman
- Kellyann Tomko, M.S.
- Natasha Zupkus
- Briana Williams
- To determine if the Traktion software program is effective in monitoring and facilitating patient compliance and health outcomes
- Enhance our knowledge about how certain genetic markers, such as ABO blood group, shape individualized responses to nutritional therapy
- Determine if a relationship exists between dietary and exercise compliance and improved health outcomes that correlate with the precepts of the "Blood Type Diet"
- To study dietary trends and results that are specific to an individual, over the course of that individual's lifespan.
Dietary studies are notoriously difficult to perform. Many potentially confounding factors (ie: exercise, use of drugs and supplements, etc.) can easily skew results, making clear-cut conclusions elusive. Individual variation in a person's response to nutrition therapy further confounds the problem. One way to circumvent this issue is to develop tools that employ a 'big data' approach to the problem, essentially capturing virtually all lifestyle variables in real time, and then performing subsequent correlation studies and longitudinal analysis on the data via structured queries and search heuristics.
To that end, we have developed a new software tool, Traktion, that allows for the capture of real-time subject data with maximum volume, variety, and veracity. For our first test of the Traktion program, we propose to track the health outcomes of individuals for following the Blood Type Diet.
Human Individuality Project
The Human Individuality Project (HIP) is a research group associated with the Center of Excellence in Generative Medicine at the University of Bridgeport. Our goal is to study the effects of certain types of diets and other naturopathic interventions that are based on simple genetic markers, such as blood groups. We anticipate studying dietary trends and results that are specific to each person enrolled.
A national telephone survey conducted by the Pew Research Center's Internet and American Life Project finds that 69% of U.S. adults keep track of at least one health indicator such as weight, diet, exercise routine, or symptom. Moreover, people living with chronic conditions are significantly more likely to track a health indicator or symptom.
The purpose of this human research study is to establish an effective method for internet-based data collection in order to ascertain dietary patterns among individuals. Using own internally developed software (Traktion), participants will gain free access to track daily health measurements over the course of one year in order to help generate dietary trends and measurable health outcomes among sub-cohorts. This innovative health tracking system will be employed by a network of licensed doctors that will also have the ability to access patient health progression over time. Most interestingly, this study will provide novel correlations and explanations between individual diet theories and health outcomes among all participants.
The HIP research study aims to perform a full-spectrum observational study with a variety of discrete classes of cohorts. These include:
- The general public, who will be provided with a method of tracking individual health records for personal use
- Office-based cohorts that track patients with a variety of problems, supervised by physicians trained in the software
- Specific cohorts managed by the COEGM and UBCNM that are structured around a particular issue, i.e thyroid pathology, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, etc.
This research uses the Internet as a vehicle for recruiting and/or interacting with subjects on relevant measures regarding their daily diet, lifestyle, and emotional well-being. By using a combination of qualitative and quantitative measures, results generated can improve the evaluation of selected dietary habits and how they function in altering health outcomes over time.
Traktion is easy and intuitive to use, as it runs from any internet browser or smart phone. (see Appendix for screen shots) Subject users have the extra reward and incentive of using the Traktion Dashboard, which provides them with direct feedback (ie: charts, graphs, etc.) on just how well they are doing on their diet.
Traktion is divided into three 'layers,' each of which has discreet access criteria:
- Researcher: This is the highest access level. Researchers have access to an admin program (Traktion Bonk). Bonk can perform analytics on the gross data, across all cohorts.
- Cohort: HIP Associated Physicians (HAPs) work at the cohort level and have access to a moderator program (Traktion Toy). Toy allows the researcher to perform analytics on any subject in their cohort. Toy allows the HAP to include enriched data on the subject (ie: SNPs, lifestyle elements, lab results, etc.)
- Subject: Subjects have access to the basic data acquisition program (Traktion Lifestyle). Lifestyle allows subject to input data about meal composition, exercise, water consumption, and subjective feeling dimensions (ie: pain, fatigue, sleep quality, etc.)
The Traktion software is already in beta-testing, and none of the proposed seed grant funding will be used to develop the software, as it is being developed out of the COEGM general fund.
After enrolling in the study, if a subject has not entered diet and lifestyle information in over 72 hours, an alert will be sent immediately to the email address associated to their account. If no data has been input for 7 days after the initial email, a follow-up email will be sent. If a subject does not input data for over 30 days, they will be removed from the study pool.
Patients will input their diet and lifestyle data daily from their computer or mobile device at their own convenience. This data is expected to be input daily. Diet and lifestyle data include factors related to nutrition, exercise, weight, stress management, blood pressure, fluid intake, mood, etc. For example, specific foods or food components of a meal would be inputted data as well as any daily physical activity.
All data entered into the Traktion software database will be encrypted and de-identified to the Researchers. All data will be backed up nightly to a separate secure server. The HAP is the only participant other than the patient who will have identifiable information about their patient participating in the study. Data received through the Traktion software will include, but is not limited to, all foods ingested each day, type and frequency of exercise and fitness habits, supplements ingested, experienced symptoms, side effects from any medications or supplements.
The Human Individuality Project, its parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, and respective successors and assigns, may collect and use certain technical information associated with the participants' use of the Traktion software, including, without limitation, any information provided in connection with any data entry, for the purpose of statistical and clinical analysis that leads to possible publication for peer review.
Provisions to protect the privacy interests of subjects
Once logged into the Traktion software, all data is encrypted to ensure patient privacy and health information security. The patient will sign an informed consent to participate in this project. The de-identified data will be analyzed for health trends, disease trends, and treatment modality effectiveness. Enrollment information that has any protected health information (PHI) that may be printed for IT support or software maintenance will be stored in a locked file cabinet in the locked research office at the COEGM.
All subject data will be kept confidential according to the HIPAA policies and procedures. All data entered on the Traktion interfaces have an encryption schema designed for and specifically for the use of Traktion.
Traktion Lifestyle Infographic 'Compliance Speedometer.'
Traktion Lifestyle Interface showing use of 'autocomplete' to allow for standardization of input.
Traktion Lifestyle Infographic Showing Multi-Axis plot of calories consumed plotted against total calories consumed via exercise and subject BMI.
Traktion Lifestyle Interface Showing Use of Intuitive Slider interface to record subject data.
Traktion 'Toy' Interface showing possible subject data enrichment opportunities. Traktion Toy allows the HAP to enrich the subject profile with a wide variety of factors, ranging from religious choices dietary (Kosher, etc) to personal preferences (low-carb, vegan, etc.). Over 75 nutrigenomic SNPs can be associated with the subject, as well as other polymorphisms (PROP taster, haptoglobulins, etc)
Traktion 'Toy' Interface showing possible biomarkers that can be tracked for any subject. Traktion Toy allows the HAP to select biomarkers for tracking from a library of over 200 lab tests.


text:
What's in a Name?
AbstractPlenty. This paper analyzes two broad questions: Does your first name matter? And how did you get your first name anyway? Using data from the National Opinion Research Centers (NORC's) General Social Survey, including access to respondents first names from the 1994 and 2002 surveys, we extract the important "first name features" (FNF), e.g. popularity, number of syllables, phonetic features, Scrabble score, "blackness" (i.e. the fraction of people with that name who are black), etc... We then explore whether these first name features are useful explanatory factors of a respondent's exogenous background factors (sex, race, parents' education, etc...) and lifetime outcomes (e.g. financial status, occupational prestige, perceived social class, education, happiness, and whether they became a parent before 25). We find that first name features on their own do have significant predictive power for a number of these lifetime outcomes, even after controlling for a myriad of exogenous background factors. We find evidence that first name features are independent predictors of lifetime outcomes that are likely related to labor productivity such as education, happiness and early fertility. Importantly, however, we also find evidence based on the differential impacts of gender and race on the blackness of a name and its popularity that suggest that discrimination may also be a factor.
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Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by CESifo Group Munich in its series CESifo Working Paper Series with number 1190.
Date of creation: 2004
Date of revision:
names; identity; discrimination;
Other versions of this item:
- D10 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - General
- J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General
- J70 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - General
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-ALL-2004-08-02 (All new papers)
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- David G. Blanchflower & Andrew J. Oswald, 2000.
"Well-Being Over Time in Britain and the USA,"
NBER Working Papers
7487, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Blanchflower, David G. & Oswald, Andrew J., 2001. "Well-Being Over Time in Britain and the USA," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 616, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Levy, David M, 1997. "Adam Smith's Rational Choice Linguistics," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 35(3), pages 672-78, July.
- Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2004.
"Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 94(4), pages _PHONE_, September.
- Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2003. "Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination," NBER Working Papers 9873, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Roland G. Fryer & Steven D. Levitt, 2003.
"The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names,"
NBER Working Papers
9938, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Roland G. Fryer & Steven D. Levitt, 2004. "The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 119(3), pages 767-805, August.
- Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2003. "Are emily and greg more employable than lakisha and jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination," Natural Field Experiments 00216, The Field Experiments Website.
- repec:feb:natura:0020 is not listed on IDEAS
- George A. Akerlof & Rachel E. Kranton, 2000. "Economics And Identity," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 115(3), pages 715-753, August.
Blog mentionsAs found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
- Agency & reciprocity in Corrie
by chris dillow in Stumbling and Mumbling on 2013-01-03 14:24:45
- Easily Pronounced Names May Make People More Likable
by Dave Mosher in Wired Science on 2012-02-24 11:30:37
- Stepan Jurajda & Daniel Munich, 2005.
"Admission to Selective Schools, Alphabetically,"
CERGE-EI Working Papers
wp282, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economic Institute, Prague.
- Solow, Benjamin L. & Solow, John L. & Walker, Todd B., 2011. "Moving on up: The Rooney rule and minority hiring in the NFL," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 332-337, June.
- Antecol, Heather & Cobb-Clark, Deborah A., 2004.
"Identity and Racial Harassment,"
IZA Discussion Papers
1149, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
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I've seen people on the Internet stressing a certain word using "*":
I do not *like* it, I *love* it!
I think there is no such punctuation as "*". So I'm wondering if I can use some other way to achieve the same goal in traditional English. I've tried quotation marks but then it sounds like I'm posing ironic effect.
I do not "like" it, I "love" it!
That sentence leaves the impression that I'm loving it in a unusual way.
share|improve this question
ONE WORD! CAPS! YOU SHOULD USE CAPS FOR EVERYTHING, IT LETS PEOPLE KNOW YOU ARE SERIOUS! lol - but I am lying, dont use caps. – Dan Hanly Mar 8 '11 at 15:05
How could this question not be closed as "suggestive and argumentative"? – F'x Mar 8 '11 at 15:06
Lynne Truss and WikiHow are against using quotation marks for emphasis. – Paul D. Waite Mar 8 '11 at 15:59
Aside: – ShreevatsaR Mar 8 '11 at 18:40
>> loving it in a unusual way << not that there's anything wrong with that :) – zetetic Mar 9 '11 at 3:59
5 Answers 5
up vote 21 down vote accepted
The classical punctuation to denote emphasis is the exclamation mark.
However, that applies to the whole sentence. It is sometimes possible to draw a word to the end of a sentence to emphasize it instead of the whole sentence:
I love kittens … not!
Or if the word in question is an interjection, put it between dashes:
The dessert – delicious! – had just 200 calories.
Another alternative I have sometimes seen is putting the exclamation mark into parentheses behind the word.
This is the only (!) way of using emphasis.
But in general, emphasis of single words is achieved via formatting, not punctuation.
Historically, this has been italics, or, since, italics are hard to emulate in handwriting, underlining in handwritten documents. With the advent of typewriters, the underlining convention was reused but on computer terminals, underlining no longer works because you cannot shift the carriage position back in a text document (which is how underlining was achieved on typewriters).
This is probably when people began to hint at emphasis by prefixing and affixing a word with underscores: _like this_.
In newsgroups, many people switched to slashes, /like this/. I have no idea where the asterisks come from though.
share|improve this answer
"I have no idea where the asterisks come from though." Try putting asterisks around a word or phrase when adding a comment... – oosterwal Mar 8 '11 at 16:07
_USER_ Asterisks as emphasis existed long before markdown (which is what formats the texts on this site). In fact, markdown uses them because they were already in use …. – Konrad Rudolph Mar 8 '11 at 16:54
The problem with underlining on computers isn't the inability to "shift the carriage position back", but the inability to overstrike. You can do that now with the Unicode "combining low line" character l̲i̲k̲e̲_t̲h̲i̲s̲, but it's much easier to type _like this_ than it is to fiddle with Character Map. – Dan Apr 13 '11 at 0:35
This article (as well as this one on the Markdown developer blog) suggests that asterisks as emphasis originates from comic strips and stage directions. – Hannele Aug 14 '13 at 20:00
The asterisks are used commonly on the internet in situations where the writer has no control over how the text is typeset.
Traditionally, such emphasis is added by using an italic or bold face.
This is why "plaintext markup languages" such as markdown (which is used on the stack exchange sites) typically convert *text* into text (or sometimes text).
I'm not aware of a traditional means of adding emphasis purely with punctuation (I imagine that if there was such a way then people would never have started using asterisks for this), though it's often possible to re-phrase things to add emphasis linguistically.
share|improve this answer
Traditionally, emphasis has always been achieved through italics, but only if you need emphasis on a particular word rather than the entire sentence. Most forums provide the possibility to provide italics, though lacking that, you need to surround the word with *. Despite the fact that it is not preferable, it's perhaps the only way to emphasize without italics or bold typing.
share|improve this answer
I wouldn't say the only way. you can use the _ or basically any symbol that can be typed to emphasize a word. But most punctuation (and easily typed symbols) have clearly defined meanings whereas * and _ do not, and so the serve as unobtrusive emphasis indicators. – Mr. Shiny and New 安宇 Mar 8 '11 at 13:35
They've sort of been handed this meaning though. If I wrote this word with asterisks, it'd be clearer that I mean to emphasize it than if I surrounded this word with underscores, at least in my humble opinion. – Neil Mar 8 '11 at 14:27
What you are trying to do is mark speech patterns, particularly intonation patterns. Standard English orthography doesn't do this at all, and the various attempts I've seen on and off the Internet, from italicizing to marking out with special symbols, all make the writer look like a poseur more than conveying stress information.
Fortunately this only really arises in blogging and diary writing when you are trying to write in a colloquial speech-like manner. Most other occasions when emphasis matters involve direct speech, and for that purpose we pick adjectives carefully!
share|improve this answer
How about using a single parenthetical? Example: Could Rosa have developed an understanding of 'indifference'?
share|improve this answer
protected by tchrist Aug 13 '14 at 14:37
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text:
Center for the Future of the Health Professions July 2022 digestPosted: July 21, 2022
This month, The Center for the Future of the Health Professions will post another monthly op-ed column for 2022. Our columns represent strong, informed, and focused opinions on issues affecting the health professions' future. As mentioned previously, the center was developed to provide state, local, and national policymakers and health system stakeholders with accurate, reliable, and comprehensive data and research about the healthcare workforce to effectively plan for a sustainable future and make the best use of available resources.
This month features a discussion on ATSU's innovative education of physician assistants (PAs). Undoubtedly, organizing all of the aspects necessary to ensure PA students receive a quality educational experience in a new program is daunting. These tasks range from facilities creation to curriculum planning, accreditation compliance demands, and financial projects. This article describes A.T. Still University's (ATSU) work creating a new program on the central coast of California in partnership with the National Association of Community Health Centers (NACHC).
The author of this article is Ted Wendel, PhD. Dr. Wendel is the senior vice president for university planning and strategic initiatives at ATSU. His prior positions include vice president for Arizona operations and special assistant to the executive vice president for strategic initiatives, and associate provost for the Arizona campus of ATSU. He received his undergraduate degree from St. Andrews College in Laurinburg, North Carolina, in 1969. He has both a master's (1973) and doctorate (1974) in pharmacology from Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he served on the medical school faculty for six years. While at Wake Forest, Dr. Wendel was one of the authors of the first published curriculum for physician assistants. In 1979, he accepted a position as an associate professor of pharmacology at ATSU's Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (ATSU-KCOM). Dr. Wendel has published several papers in neuropharmacology and the neural mechanisms of hypertension. In 1986, he moved to the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific in Pomona, California, where he was a professor of pharmacology. In 1990, he was appointed as the founding dean of the school of allied health and subsequently the chancellor of the Chico campus of the Western University of Health Sciences. In 1998, Dr. Wendel returned to ATSU-KCOM to serve as the associate provost of the ATSU-Mesa campus. For the past 20 years, Dr. Wendel has explored innovative approaches to educating health professionals. Among these projects was the first successful online master's degree in nursing. As an academic leader on ATSU's Mesa campus, Dr. Wendel has created an environment that facilitates the incorporation of state-of-the-art technology into the education and training of health care professionals
We hope you enjoy this article and look forward to your comments.
Randy Danielsen, PhD, PA-C Emeritus, DFAAPA
Professor & Director
The Center for the Future of the Health Professions
A.T. Still University
Innovative education of physician assistants (PAs): The past is prologue
Creating a new health professions program is challenging to say the least. Doing it in the midst of a pandemic borders on insanity.
Organizing all aspects necessary to ensure PA students receive a quality educational experience in a new program is daunting. These tasks range from facilities creation to curriculum planning, accreditation compliance demands, and financial projects, to name just a few.
Indeed, it is possible to build upon existing program templates as an organizational framework. However, simply doing things the way they have always been done seems to ignore the ever-present constant of change. Rethinking health professions education demands reconsideration of decades-old education models to prepare students as future healthcare professionals.
Early in 2018, ATSU elected to start its second PA program in central California in partnership with the NACHC. NACHC is charged with providing access to quality medical care for those who face physical and/or financial barriers. Community health centers are the most extensive health care system in the U.S. and are the primary source of health care services for 30 million people. However, for decades, community health centers have been challenged to meet their growing needs for healthcare professionals. As an integral component of its mission, ATSU is committed to addressing this shortage of healthcare providers facing community health centers.
More than 30 years ago, Steven Covey wrote the book Seven Habits of Highly Effective People1. These powerful habits provide a basic framework (and served as a prologue) for planning a new PA program. One habit became the "true north" dictating the structure and function of this new program. "Beginning with the end in mind" meant starting with a mission statement clearly articulating the desired outcome. A mission statement that reflected the workforce needs of community health centers across the nation.
At the beginning of the planning process, the faculty developed a program mission statement that built on the University's mission and provided a unique identity around which virtually all other decisions were woven. The mission statement is as follows:
"The Central Coast Physician Assistant program educates culturally-humble physician assistants to serve primary care needs of underserved communities."
This simple mission statement reflects a commitment to educate a diverse population of PAs who reflect the diverse communities they will serve. The graduates will also understand the powerful impact of cultural humility as clearly defined by the American Psychological Association as a therapeutic framework for engaging diverse clients2. The Central Coast Physician Assistant (CCPA) program's mission mirrors the mission of community health centers as the principal provider of primary care in underserved communities.
Inherent in the CCPA program's simple mission statement are significant assumptions concerning the selection of students and the approach to their education. Creating a student selection process that identifies students committed to service in underserved communities and who reflect the patient populations in these communities is the first step. Traditional student selection processes that rely heavily on a student's previous academic accomplishments represented substantial barriers that prevented the identification of well qualified candidates from being considered. Creating a process that selected a diverse class of students with the ability to succeed in a rigorous academic program became the first task in establishing CCPA.
Understanding the intricacies of the selection process and why those details directly related to the accomplishment of the mission greatly exceed the constraints of this communication. Simply, the process reflected several assumptions:
- The value system reflected in the mission statement should be applied in the selection process.
- Within certain limits, previous academic performance was a barrier to diversity and is not correlated with the accomplishment of the mission.
- Previous academic accomplishments blinded admission decisions regarding acceptance.
- An applicant's descriptions of their commitment to the mission must be validated by documentation of their actions.
The process results are evident in selecting a cohort of students who, in many respects, mirror the populations served by community health centers across the nation. A unique description of the class is shown in the following word clouds.
Establishing a curriculum for a new PA program must address the many changes occurring over the last two decades. Technology's positive impact on delivering educational material was foundational in planning the CCPA curriculum. In addition, the COVID pandemic made it evident that relying on a single physical location as the focal point was no longer possible or desirable. Fortunately, technological advances in content delivery integrated with frequent interpersonal interaction makes it possible to deliver and support students as they progress through a curriculum.
Identifying and hiring faculty who understood and embraced the role of a mentor was critical to establishing a new curriculum. The primary role of the faculty was to help students shape their learning experience and recognize and evaluate the vast amount of knowledge readily accessible using widely available inexpensive technology.
Faculty structured goals, objectives, and learning activities guiding students toward relevant medical content. The faculty were readily accessible to help students both on-site and online as they sought answers to questions. Significantly, the faculty took great care not to lecture, but to support students as they engaged in the discovery of the knowledge necessary to solve a structured set of clinical and professional problems. This approach was selected because it models the behavior of practicing healthcare professionals.
Small group learning (five students per group) was the dominant educational delivery strategy. Once again, using a past strategy initially implemented at Wake Forest University3 in the early 1970s served as the foundation for planning this new PA program. The small group approach was selected for several reasons; chief among them was the importance of serving as a professional practice model. Small groups also promote peer-to-peer learning and require instructors to engage as mentors, guiding students to content, rather than lecturers who become the primary provider of content.
The program also adopted a solid commitment to assessment of both student progress and its link to program administration. Formative assessment of student learning and progress occurs at least three times weekly. These assessments are used to evaluate individual student progress and the success of the small groups. Students quickly learned that assessments are a constructive component of the learning process both during their education and as part of their professional life.
The CCPA program also reflected its commitment to underserved communities by emphasizing community health center practice in all aspects of the curriculum, including the clinical phase of PA education. With assistance from NACHC, over 20 community health centers were identified as sites for PA student clinical education experiences. Small groups of students (approximately five) were assigned to each community health center location, where they spent 35 weeks rotating through seven required student clinical education experiences. At each site, a practicing clinician (frequently a PA) was hired as a part-time regional director of PA education, serving as an academic coordinator and mentor for students at the site.
The program is entering its second year. Much has been learned and will be learned over the next few years. The accomplishments of the past few


text:
(VOV) - Vietnam and other six countries can only expel H5N1 avian influenza within the next 10 years, says the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in a recent report.
Since 2006, H5N1 has been eliminated in most of the 60 affected countries, but it remains endemic in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, India, and Egypt, the report says.
The report, entitled "Approaches to Controlling, Preventing and Eliminating H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Endemic Countries", notes that the spread of the virus and the poor quality of veterinary and animal production services are among major obstacles to elimination efforts.
The FAO proposes these countries co-ordinate efforts to detect the outbreaks, collect and analyses related information, prevent the epidemics from spreading, and minimize risks in five years' time in order to expel it in the following five years.
The H5N1 virus may cause death if it is transmitted to humans, says FAO, adding that it has claimed 320 lives since 2003.


What is a Homemade Bong
Homemade Bong Introduction
At the core, this is a smoking device, built at home, with the intention to function like a water bong, usually because there is no other way to smoke the herbs you have laying around. The funny thing is, most of the devices created could be considered homemade pipes if you want to get technical because often, water is not involved, likely out of convenience because making an official homemade binger is not always easy.
How to make a Homemade Bong
This is a question that cannot be answered with one single answer. That is because of the nature of this product – it is homemade and does not come with directions, although you can find some on the internet, ultimately it is just about working with what you have. This type of binger is where you get McGyver-like and hopefully construct something that can be used as a bong or at least a poor excuse of a pipe. Just make sure you have a mouthpiece, a place to pack and light the herb, plus some sort of tube or space for smoke to travel through.
Common Supplies for a Homemade Bong Idea
 - Plastic bottles in different sizes and shapes
 - Various Fruits & Vegetables
 - Aluminum Cans
 - Tubes of pens & markers
Cool Homemade Bongs
How to make a homemade gravity bong
The simplest and most effective homemade bong to construct is a homemade gravity bong.
1. Step
Get two plastic soda bottles. A two-liter bottle and a one-liter bottle work best.
2. Step
Cut the bottom off the smaller bottle, and cut the top off the larger bottle. Do not cut too much, you can always cut more. You will want to leave most of the larger bottle since it will be responsible for holding the water (in a similar process, you can fill a sink, a bucket or anything else to instead hold the water). Just be sure to leave enough of the small bottle because that is where the smoke builds up, similar to the interior of a glass bong. The more space in the bottle the more smoke that can build and the easier it is to operate. You really just need to cut the very bottom off of the small bottle.
3. Step
Now, take the cap from the small bottle and bore a hole in it. It may be easiest to splice an "X" in the cap first with a steak knife. You are going to cover that cap with aluminum foil, forming a bowl towards the interior of the cap – this cap will be screwed back on the bottle so be aware of which side is which. With the tin foil in place, finally, you will pop tiny holes in the foil bowl with a paper clip or a pin, even a thumbtack.
4. Step
There is a reason you are making the bowl inside the cap! Don't think you can do a shortcut and just put the foil over the top of the bottle opening. You can, but there are optimal ways to do things and with this is one way – with it the cap can be screwed back on the bottle to create a tight seal.
5. Step
You will want to make sure the foil is also secure around the cap so you can get suction. We don't recommend using any adhesive for a better seal, you're really just trying to McGyver something quick here.
6. Step
When all is cut properly, next, fill the two-liter, larger bottle with water. Again, in place of this 2 liter bottle you can use a large pot, a bucket, a sink, whatever you can fill with water.
7. Step
Now finally, load that homemade bowl piece! SLOWLY submerge the smaller bottle into the water but stop below the neck and mouthpiece part of the bottle. The further submerged the bottle, the more smoke that you will be able to bring into the makeshift bong.
8. Step
Once submerged, light the bowl, then SLOWLY pull your "pipe" out of the water. You will watch it fill with white smoke as you do. The pressure created by pulling the bottle upward will pull in air from the outside, as if you were taking a hit, but the pressure does it for you and the smoke comes into the bottle and stores in between the mouthpiece and water.
9. Step
When that bottle pipe is filled with smoke, screw that bowl off quickly (don't have it fully screwed on to begin with) and push the bottle back down inside the water just as you took it out. Again, pressure is at work here, except it is the opposite effect and it will push the smoke outward through the mouthpiece because of the incoming water. While pushing down, make sure to cover the bottle opening with your mouth and that is where the "bong" hit is taken.
You're sure to get a powerful hit, so keep that in mind when operating!
How to make a Soda Can Bong
This works just fine, even if people think it's so terribly ghetto or cracky looking. It's the quintessential homemade bong if you can even call it that. All you need to do is get a can and crush it right.
1. Step
Make the indentation in the center of the can simply by pushing down. Attempt to form a bit of a bowl formation, but don't go crazy – aluminum cans are super sharp when broken down.
2. Step
Next, on one of the indentation slopes, towards the center of the bowl formation, poke tiny holes with something – a thumbtack is really optimal for this, at least I have found.
3. Step
Now the aluminum pipe is made and all you do is place your herbal remedy over the holes and spark up. With this legendary soda pop can bong, you actually will get a huge hit, albeit a little harsh – if you bend the can right you can get a little water on the one side to create somewhat of a homemade bubbler.
How to make a Toilet Paper Roll Bong
This often is referred to as the most ghetto of all pipes in a pinch. In fact, it is effective at delivering a powerful, albeit harsh hit. The pipe is easily assembled with common items available most anyplace you might wish you had a bowl pipe, but do not. In fact it might be preferable to a clogged glass or metal pipe.
1. Step
Simply find a toilet paper roll. Make a cat happy if the roll full so that it doesn't go to waste. You'll need all the paper removed from the roll.
2. Step
Next, cut a little square out of the top of that toilet paper roll. This is where the homemade bowl piece will be placed so keep that in mind.
3. Step
You are going to take that trusty aluminum foil and form a bowl piece. Put it in the cut square and simply take a paper clip or pin and poke holes in the new found metal bowl – by the way, if you have a salt shaker head, that also can work, but it is not always an option.
Finally, tape that aluminum foil bowl piece into place on the roll, right into the little square that was cut out. Take care not to set anything on fire – including the roll – when you take your hit. All you do is put one end of the roll to your mouth and your hand over the other end. Next, take a puff as you would with any other smoking pipe or bong. When you want to clear the hit out, just remove your hand and pull.
How to make a Potato Bong
One often cultivated, rarely celebrated homemade bong is a potato. It's really quite simple, and the potato gets baked along with you.
1. Step
Hollow out the potato and bring out the inner sculptor. Simply create a hole at the top and another on the opposite side - you're trying to mimic the average glass pipe design here. Tunnel down from the top, but make sure it's a skinny tunnel. You don't want your buds falling inside of the potato. If that happens, add cheese, bacon and pop it in the oven. Bake at 375 degrees for 45 minutes.
2. Step
Next, place the herbs over the top of one hole, as if that hole is the bowl piece in the Roor bong you don't have. The hole on the other side acts as the mouthpiece and the tunnel between the two is well, that is where the smoke travels through. Once you have that built out just light up and get to it like Bob, no tin foil necessary.
Most people prefer to apply this same concept to an apple, which may taste better. But remember, you have to work with what you have and sometimes you may only have a potato.


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Former Jailhouse Lawyer Bobby Battle Dies at Age 80
by Monte McCoin
Former prisoner Bobby Battle, an Oklahoma City native with a sixth-grade education who filed a lawsuit that ultimately led to historic reforms and the desegregation of Oklahoma prisons, died on December 25, 2017 at the age of 80.
"He must have just had native intelligence, one of those people who was educated even though they have poor formal education," attorney Stephen Jones recalled. "Bobby just taught himself about federal civil rights and prison reform and the cases and went forward."
In 1970, Battle was housed for two months in the "dungeon," a subbasement area at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, after he filed a complaint with the warden about a 275-pound guard who beat a much smaller fellow prisoner. His experience led him to research and prepare a 1972 lawsuit that would continue making its way through the courts for nearly 30 years and become the most expensive prison litigation in state history.
That suit launched an FBI probe in 1974 that found understaffing, inadequate medical facilities, inadequate access to legal materials, racial segregation and discrimination, and unconstitutional limits on legal mail. The case was ultimately certified as a class-action after four other prisoners joined in, and the Department of Justice intervened. Over the years, courts ordered far-reaching reforms in Oklahoma's prison system until, on January 26, 2001, U.S. District Court Judge Michael Burrage granted a motion to terminate the case under the Prison Litigation Reform Act. See: Battle v. Anderson, U.S.D.C. (E.D. Okla.), Case No. 72-cv-95.
While incarcerated, Battle became a civil rights activist and created an organization behind bars called the Committee Against Prison Exploitation. Following his release in 1987 he hosted a radio program, the "Bobby Battle Forum," which helped connect callers with available community social services and advocated for voting rights for former prisoners. He called his experience in prison "Knucklehead College," and often spoke with others who had been incarcerated. He was buried in his hometown of Oklahoma City.
"Bobby is an unsung hero. He had the guts to stand up and do the right thing," Jones stated.
Many of the improved prison conditions that prisoners take for granted were achieved through hard-fought litigation by activist prisoners in the 1970s and 80s. Battle was one of them, and he helped effect reforms in Oklahoma prisons that continue today.
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The FRTB: Banks should not do all of the heavy lifting themselves
August 20, 2015 – By Kassi Assamoi, Senior Manager, Regulatory Analysis, EMEA
The industry is waiting to hear the results of the third round of consultation on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's (BCBS) Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB), which concluded in February. However, it is already clear that banks will face significant challenges due to the changes that will be made to the methods they use for calculating their market risk capital charges, and they need to start planning now.
AxiomSL | FRTBLarge, well-resourced banks have become accustomed to using internal models to calculate their market risk capital charges. These internal models are usually more risk-sensitive than the standardized approach defined by the BCBS, and therefore result in lower charges for the banks. However, as part of its efforts to ensure that banks are fully capitalized, the BCBS has made it clear that from 2018 all banks that use internal models will also need to adopt the standardized approach and will need to compare the results of the two sets of calculations in order to produce their final capital charge figures.
Implementing the standardized approach promises to be a huge undertaking for banks that have previously relied only on internal models. There are fundamental differences between the standardized approach and internal models. For example, value at risk (VAR) is computed at the portfolio level, whereas the standardized approach is calculated at the transaction level. This means banks will need to redefine their data to ensure it is sufficiently granular.
Banks can significantly reduce the impact of the FRTB by partnering with an appropriate vendor. Instead of employing a large team of regulatory experts to analyze the requirements in minute detail, banks should work with an experienced vendor that will build the standardized calculations (which will be the same for all banks) and provide a data dictionary that specifies which inputs are needed. This will leave the bank free to focus on sourcing the necessary data – a process that will be different at every institution.
Working with the right vendor will provide valuable opportunities for banks to compare their interpretations of the FRTB requirements with those of their peers during client working group meetings. By adopting a standardized solution that is being used by other market participants, a bank will also reduce the likelihood that it will be viewed as an outlier and will therefore become the focus of unwanted regulatory attention.
When preparing for the FRTB, a bank should ensure their chosen vendor will provide ongoing support for the calculations and report templates they supply. The FRTB calculations and reporting requirements will inevitably be tweaked and tinkered with by the regulators. Instead of tying up resources to monitor and add all of these changes within their compliance infrastructure, a bank should be able to outsource the work to their vendor.
Banks should also check that a vendor's FRTB solution can be used to do their impact analysis work. This is important because it will enable the bank to save its preparatory work within its solution and then move quickly from the impact analysis to production of the final results, when the regulation comes into force.
The specific requirements of the FRTB are yet to be finalized. However, now is the time for banks to establish a relationship with a vendor that will help them overcome the hurdles that lie ahead.
To discuss this article further, please contact:


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Medical Humanities Sheffield is pleased to offer an exciting opportunity to apply for three PhD studentships in a linked network studying the impacts of disease on personal identity, and the roles of shame and stigma. Concepts of shame and stigma have shaped our responses to disease throughout history, whether the diseases themselves are associated with stigma (for example, leprosy), or the consequences of disease-related behaviours which cause shame (addiction). These personal responses have profound impact on the ability of subjects to access treatment and engage with therapies with confidence.
Many diseases with psychological components are associated with complex sensations of stigma and shame that are rarely vocalized, poorly understood, and which change over time and with culture and context. The meanings of diseases as constructed through the interaction of medicine, the law, and societal assumptions requires a new, multidisciplinary vision to identify, dissect and explore their historical, cultural, emotional and clinical perspectives. Medical Humanities Sheffield was created specifically to enable these translational networks, and we propose what we believe to be the first interdisciplinary network worldwide to use multiple diseases and interdisciplinary techniques to inform and understand this critical pathway.
The network will establish the contemporary intersections and tensions between medical knowledge and practice, popular conceptions and attitudes, and the emotional state of patients. It involves placing these current scenarios and situations in meaningful historical and cultural perspective and linking the studentships together in a network makes for an in-built comparative dimension to the project.


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Mathematical Biology Seminar
Date/Time/Room: Thursday (11/8/2001) at 2:00 pm in 118 Life Science
Department of Biology,
University of Texas at Arlington
''The Wonderful World of Ion Channels''Abstract: Ion channels are membrane proteins that control a variety of cell functions such as excitability, secretion, and osmotic pressure. Ion channels exist in one of two discrete states, open or closed. The time a channel spends in a given state depends on the external stimuli and defines the channel function. This binary "behavior" of ion channels makes them very attractive targets for modeling and mathematical analysis. During this seminar we will discuss the interactions between mathematics and biology in the field of ion channel research.


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A new approach to real-time joint classification and classifier design is proposed in this paper. It is based on the recently developed evolving fuzzy system (EFS) method and is applied to mobile robotics. The approach s t m from subtractive clustering method and its on-line evolving extension called eclustering. A new formula for data potential (spatial density) determination based on the participatory learning and data scatter concepts is introduced in the paper that is computationally simpler and more intuitive. An EFS-based self-organking classifier (eClass) is designed by automatic labding the landmarks that are detected in real-time The proposed approach makes possible fully autonomous and unsupervised joint landmark detection and recognition without the use of absolute coordinates, any communication link or any pr&raining. The proposed algorithm is recursive, nowiterative, one pass and thus cornputationally inexpensive and suitable for real-time applications. Extensive simulations as well as real-life tests has b m carried out in an indoor environment (an office located at InfoLab21, Lancmter University) using Pioneer3 DX mobile robotic platform equipped with sonar and motion sensors and on-board PC. The results indicate superior rates of recognition, flexibility, and computational demands of the proposed approach comparing with the previously published similar methods. Further investigations will be directed towards development of a cooperative scheme, tests in a realistic outdoor environment, and the presence of moving obstacles. (c) IEEE Press
"©2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE." "This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder."


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Images Paint for OneNote crop
Because in OneNote, there is no direct function, with the help of which you crop images, you need to to Paint draw:
- Open Paint.
- Insert your image by Drag & Drop or via "file" and "Open".
- At the top, click "Select" and you cut, holding down the right mouse button to your desired area.
- Click with the right mouse button on the selected area and select "cut".
- You delete the entire image ("Select All" and then [Del]) and then paste with "Paste" the cut-out neckline. Save the image and paste it in OneNote.
OneNote has notes of additional functions. You can, for example, a check-list in OneNote, create.


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Well if the expressions and are factors of the given polynomial, and must be its roots.
So just substitute and then and see if the equation
so for, the value of the polynomial is,
Hence the above equation is satisfied. So x-1 is a factor.
Now, insert and prove that the value of the polynomial becomes zero.
so as x=1 and x=2 are the roots of the given polynomial is a factor.


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BY JOACHIM BAMRUD
Despite growing populism and political tensions, Latin America is becoming more globalized, according to the 2006 Latin American Globalization Index from Latin Business Chronicle. But Brazil, Latin America's largest economy, managed to become the least-globalized economy in the region.
The index of 19 countries looks at six factors that measure a country's links with the outside world:
- Exports of goods and services as a percent of GDP.
- Imports of goods and services as a percent of GDP.
- Foreign direct investment as a percent of GDP.
- Tourism receipts as a percent of GDP.
- Remittances as a percent of GDP.
- Internet penetration.
Panama cemented its position as the most globalized country, while Brazil replaced Argentina...


text: BACKGROUND: Homeopathy is a major modality in complementary and alternative medicine. Significant tensions exist between homeopathic practice and education, evident in the diversity of practice styles and pedagogic models. Utilizing clinical reasoning knowledge in conventional medicine and allied health sciences, this article seeks to identify and critique existing research in this important area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search utilizing MEDLINE,(®) Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), and CINAHL(®) (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) was conducted. Key terms including clinical thinking, clinical reasoning, decision-making, homeopathy, and complementary medicine were utilized. A critical appraisal of the evidence was undertaken. RESULTS: Four (4) studies have examined homeopathic clinical reasoning. Two (2) studies sought to measure and quantify homeopathic reasoning. One (1) study proposed a reasoning model, based on pattern recognition, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, intuition, and remedy-matching (PHIR-M), resembling much that has been previously mapped in conventional medical reasoning research. The fourth closely investigated the meaning and use of intuition in homeopathic decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these four studies provide valuable insight into what is currently known about homeopathic clinical reasoning. However, despite the history and breadth of practice, little is known about homeopathic clinical reasoning and decision-making. Building on the research would require viewing clinical reasoning not only as a cognitive phenomenon but also as a situated and interactive one. Further research into homeopathic clinical reasoning is indicated.


I have a discrete signal as follows: \Big[x(1) \,\,\, x(2) \,\,\, \dots \,\,\, x(M+K) \Big] and I want to do some operation (esp. a well known matrix e.g Vandermonde) to create this matrix:
Generating the above matrix can not be done using a simple matrix multiplication, (is it?). However, is there any known operation for such arrangement?


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Dental Hygienist Education: Practical Training
Approximately half the time spent in training should be devoted to practical clinical procedures.
Facilities should be available for students to develop their practical skills using phantom head and other appropriate laboratory aids, prior to working on patients.
The students should be able to identify and select the appropriate equipment, instruments and materials for the task to be carried out, use instruments safely and effectively, and maintain them to the required standard.
Students should be able to organise their working environment.
Scope Adequate experience should be provided in the full range of practical procedures as permitted by the Council's Regulations including:
- preventive procedures such as topical fluoride applications and fissure sealant placement (including the fitting of rubber dam where appropriate);
- periodontal therapies such as the polishing of the teeth (including teeth previously filled or crowned), supra and sub gingival scaling, root surface debridement, pocket irrigation, the placement of sub-gingival anti-microbial agents and the care of dental implants;
- local infiltration analgesia;
- radiographic techniques of oral relevance including the taking of periapical, bitewing, occlusal and panoramic radiographs and the processing of films;
- measurements and assessments, including periodontal charting and the use of oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal indices.
Types of Patients
During their training, Student Dental Hygienists should, in association with other members of the dental team, treat the full range of adult and child patients, including medically compromised children and adults and those with physical or mental disabilities.
Opportunity should be given for students to work or observe in a variety of working conditions, such as community dental clinics, in-patient hospital facilities, general dental practice and the domiciliary setting.
Practical Oral Health Education
Practical participation in the planning, provision and evaluation of oral health education programmes and the practical demonstration of communication skills with individuals and diversity of target groups.