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Researchers in Germany have conducted a study showing that between 2 and 8% of people in Eurasia carry a genetic variant inherited from Neanderthals that significantly increases the risk of becoming critically ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The variant occurs in the promoter region of a gene called DPP4. This gene codes for the host cell receptor for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – the agent responsible for various outbreaks of respiratory illness in several countries since its discovery in 2012.
Scientists are currently uncertain whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – the agent that causes COVID-19 – can also bind to DPP4.
However, Hugo Zeberg and Svante Pääbo from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, have now found that the Neanderthal DPP4 variant doubles the risk of becoming critically ill with COVID-19.
The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and DPP4, therefore, deserves further investigation, says the team.
A pre-print version of the paper is available on the bioRxiv* server while the article undergoes peer review.
Links between Neanderthal haplotypes and COVID-19 severity
Zeberg and Pääbo recently showed that a significant genetic risk factor for becoming severely ill with COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals.
The team identified an association between the presence of a Neanderthal haplotype on chromosome 3 and severe COVID-19. They also identified a protective Neanderthal haplotype on chromosome 12 that reduces the risk of severe COVID-9.
"In light of these findings, Neanderthals haplotypes might be of particular importance in attempts to reveal the genetic factors that predispose individuals to severe COVID-19," write the researchers.
SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell receptor ACE2
Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in Wuhan, China, late last year (2019), researchers have established that the virus gains access to host cells by attaching to the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
ACE2 has also previously been identified as the receptor for other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 – the agent responsible for SARS outbreaks in 2002 to 2003.
Furthermore, the fact that males are at a greater risk for severe disease than females and the fact that the ACE2 gene is located on chromosome X would suggest that ACE2 may be a risk locus for severe COVID-19, say Zeberg and Pääbo.
However, the researchers say they are not yet aware of any association between ACE2 and COVID-19 severity having been described.
The MERS-CoV virus is known to gain viral entry using the host cell receptor DPP4 – a membrane-bound enzyme involved in various physiological processes, including glucose metabolism regulation.
Interestingly, preliminary studies have suggested that inhibitors of DPP4, which are used to treat diabetes mellitus, impact COVID-19 outcomes.
What did the researchers do?
The team used data from the 1000 Genomes Project to search for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that carry Neanderthal-like alleles at the ACE2 and DPP4 loci.
In a region spanning the whole of the ACE2 gene, as well as 50,000 base pairs up-and down-stream of the gene, two such SNPs were identified.
The researchers also identified 39 SNPs at the DPP4 loci that form several haplotypes in and around the gene.
Next, the team used the latest release of the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative to investigate whether the Neanderthal DPP4 haplotypes are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.
The researchers found that under the rare disease assumption (where a disease is assumed to be rare in the population of interest), the Neanderthal-like alleles were associated with an approximately 80% increased risk per allele of being hospitalized following infection with SARS-CoV-2.
The strongest association was observed for the SNP rs117888248, which increased the risk of hospitalization by 84% and the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation by approximately 109%.
The researchers say the risk of severe COVID-19 when carrying the Neanderthal haplotype at the DPP4 locus is of a similar magnitude to that associated with the Neanderthal haplotype on chromosome 3 that they previously identified.
"Both these risk haplotypes have stronger effect sizes than the protective Neanderthal haplotype on chromosome 12, which decreases the risk of becoming severely ill by around 23%," they write.
How many people carry the variant?
The team says the prevalence of the Neanderthal DPP4 haplotype is around 1% among Europeans, 2.5% among South Asians, 4% among East Asians, and 0.7% among admixed Americans.
The haplotype is not found among African individuals in the south of the Sahara.
Next, the researchers calculated the statistical significance of the association between the Neanderthal DPP4 haplotype and severe COVID-19 under the null-hypothesis that Neanderthal haplotypes have no impact on COVID-19. This revealed that the association between the DPP4 haplotype and severe disease is indeed statistically significant.
What are the study implications?
The researchers say studies have previously shown that SARS-CoV-2 binds to DPP4 and that a DPP4 homolog called DPP9 is associated with severe COVID-19.
However, one study indicated that that SARS-CoV-2 does not use DPP4 as a receptor to gain viral entry.
"The current findings suggest that the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with membrane-bound and secreted forms of DPP4 deserves further investigation," say Zeberg and Pääbo.
"Inhibitors of DPP4, which can be administered orally and are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, may also deserve attention with respect to possible effects on viral interactions with its host cells," concludes the team.
bioRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.


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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
Print version ISSN 0103-5053
On-line version ISSN _PHONE_
SILVA, João Bosco P. da; SILVA JUNIOR, Mário R. and RAMOS, Mozart N.. Hydrogen bonds between pyrazine and HX linear acids (X = F, NC, CN and CCH): a theoretical study. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. [online]. 2005, vol.16, n.4, pp.844-850. ISSN 0103-5053. _URL_
Theoretical studies using the B3LYP and MP2 levels of calculation, with the 6-31++G** basis set, have been used to characterize hydrogen bonded complexes between pyrazine and HX linear acids with X = F, NC, CN and CCH. The molecular properties of these complexes and, the structural, electronic and vibrational changes that occur in the isolated species due to H-bond formation have been calculated and then, compared with those previously obtained in T-shaped complexes, involving simple unsaturated hydrocarbons as proton acceptors. Our calculations have shown that these changes in Pyz HX complexes are much more pronounced than those observed in the p HX complexes, as well as their binding energies. BSSE corrections to the energy of binding-H estimated by the B3LYP results are approximately three times smaller than those obtained through MP2 results. Our calculations have also shown that stronger hydrogen bonds in the complexes Pyz HX are associated with smaller H-bond length values, larger intermolecular charge-transfer and greater downward displacement to the stretching frequency H-X. The H-bond strength for these complexes follows the order: X = F > X = NC > X = CN > X = CCH. As expected, the H-X stretching intensity was enhanced substantially after the H-bond formation. Finally, the new vibrational modes that appear due to the complexation are also analyzed.
Keywords : pyrazine; hydrogen bonds; ab initio calculations; vibrational properties; linear acids.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Examples of Just Do It
Examples of Just Do It
Where does Just Do It come from?
The Just Do It video, also known as Shia LaBeouf's Intense Motivational Speech, was released in 2015. It shows actor Shia LaBeouf, of Nymphomaniac and Transformers fame, giving what is supposedly a motivational speech in front of a green screen. In it, LaBeouf repeatedly roars "Just do it!" at the camera while making wildly over-the-top, furious expressions and gestures. He also growls such lines as: "Don't let your dreams be dreams, yesterday you said tomorrow, so just do it!"
This video exploded in popularity almost as soon as it was released. There was some misconception that LaBeouf made the video as an earnest motivational speech, particularly given Shia LaBeouf's eccentric public persona. But, in actuality, LaBeouf's zealous performance was part of an art project.
The Just Do It video has its origins in Central Saint Martins, the London arts college, where LaBeouf joined in on a project called _TAG_. This project had each student in class write a short script for LaBeouf to perform, lasting no more than 100 words, with an emphasis on strong emotion. LaBeouf actually did thirty of these performances, some involving different stunts or props. Other pieces from the same set can be found online. The Just Do It segment that went viral was written by student Joshua Parker, who intended it as a mockery of the corporate health and fitness industry, specifically targeting one of its most famous slogans, Nike's Just Do It.
The green background is no accident; as many film students know, a green screen is used to superimposes backgrounds, special effects, props, and so on. Here, it allowed the London film students to edit in their own footage and use it as an introductory video for their projects. When the Just Do It clip went online, it was released under a Creative Commons license, specifically so that viewers could rework it however they pleased—which millions of people did do, and quite rapidly so.
Who uses Just Do It?
Though the Intense Motivational Speech spread virally in its original form, it became even more intense when internet users began taking advantage of the green screen provided.
Because a green screen allows editors to replace the background with anything they want, the original Just Do It clip has been reworked to depict Shia LaBeouf's speech in countless different scenarios. Videos have shown him giving the speech before massive crowds from archival film footage (e.g., Hitler's rallies), delivering it as a TED talk, or superimposed onto the Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice trailer. There's even one version where he replaces Yoda in The Empire Strikes Back, with Shia telling a distressed Luke Skywalker to "Just do it!" and use the force.
There are also parody videos that show other people giving the same exaggerated speech in front of a green screen.


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NLT2 Illustrated Study Bible-Brown/Tan TuTone Inde
The Illustrated Study Bible brings Scripture?s message to life by giving readers an entirely new visual study experience. Hundreds of information-rich windows to the Bible world instantly communicate foundational truths and complex information in an understandable, compelling way for today?s visual generation. The who, what, where, when, and why of the Bible come alive with stunning photos, illustrations, infographics, and full color maps integrated seamlessly with background material, study notes, and theme articles. The Illustrated Study Bible empowers readers to draw closer to God by opening their eyes to Scripture?s living, powerful message.


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1) A CHAZAKAH MADE BY USING ANOTHER PERSON'S PROPERTY
QUESTION: The Mishnah describes acts through which a person is able to make a Chazakah on the property of another person, and that Chazakah serves as proof to his claim that he purchased the rights to use the other person's property for that purpose. The RASHBAM explains that the Mishnah refers to acts done for three years on or with the property of the other person, and the Mishnah means that if one does such acts for three years, then he has a Chazakah of three years.
The Rashbam seems to contradict what he writes earlier. The Rashbam earlier (41a, DH Kol Chazakah), as well as RASHI (or the Hagahah in Rashi, 6b) and TOSFOS (6b, DH v'Iy Chavrei), write that a Chazakah made through the usage of someone else's object takes effect immediately, as soon as the owner fails to protest the usage of his object, and the Machzik can claim that he purchased the rights of usage of that object from the owner. Why, then, does the Rashbam here explain that the Chazakah made through the usage of someone's object is only a Chazakah after three years of usage?
ANSWER: The TUR (CM 153) explains that the Rashbam maintains that when one gives permission to someone to use his property for small usages, it is not the practice to write a Shtar. Therefore, the Chazakah takes effect immediately if the owner does not protest, and the person using the property is believed to claim that he bought the rights to use the property for that purpose. In contrast, it is the practice to write a Shtar for large usages, such as those mentioned in the Mishnah. Therefore, the Machzik can claim only that he bought the rights to that usage after he has used the property for three years, because within three years the owner can demand to see the Shtar.
2) TAKING A SPIRITUALLY DANGEROUS ROUTE
QUESTIONS: The Gemara cites the verse in Yeshayah (33:15) which praises a person who "closes his eyes from viewing evil." Rebbi Chiya bar Aba explains that this refers to a person who does not gaze at women while they are standing at the wash pool washing clothes (when they have to expose parts of their legs to enter the pool). The Gemara asks what situation Rebbi Chiya bar Aba is discussing. If he is discussing a situation in which there is another route to take, then even if the person closes his eyes, he is considered a Rasha for taking this route in the first place! If there is no other route to take, then why does he need to close his eyes? He is an "Ones," and the Torah exempts him! The Gemara answers that, indeed, there is no other route to take, and nevertheless he is required to force himself not to look at the forbidden sites and to turn his head away and close his eyes.
(a) The Gemara says that when there is another route for him to take, he is a "Rasha" for taking the path with the forbidden sites, even if he closes his eyes. The CHAFETZ CHAIM (Sefer Chafetz Chaim, Klal 6, Be'er Mayim Chaim #14) asks that the Gemara in Pesachim (25b) rules that a prohibited form of Hana'ah (pleasure) is permitted when a person could have avoided it, as long as he does not have specific intention to benefit from it ("Efshar v'Eino Mechaven"). Why, then, does the Gemara here call the person a "Rasha" when he could have avoided walking along the path but did not intend to derive pleasure from the forbidden sites there?
(b) The Gemara says that when there is no other route for him to take, he is an "Ones" and there is no reason for the verse to require him to close his eyes. RAV MOSHE FEINSTEIN zt'l (Igros Moshe EH 1:56) asks, why does the Gemara exempt the person with the rule of "Ones"? If there is no other route to take other than the one which contains forbidden sites, then let the person not go at all! Even if he needs to go in order to earn money or for other needs, such necessities do not permit the transgression of Isurim.
(a) The CHAFETZ CHAIM answers that the Isur of Arayos is different, because a person has a strong lust for such Isurim (Chagigah 11b, Makos 23b), and therefore a person must be especially stringent to avoid temptation. Even though he feels that right now he has no desire for such pleasure, nevertheless his Yetzer ha'Ra might overcome him later and, Chas v'Shalom, he might have forbidden thoughts because of the sites that he saw. The IGROS MOSHE (loc. cit.) adds that the Torah itself prohibits one from seeing things which later will cause him to have forbidden thoughts, and it warns a person not to rely on himself to say that he will not have such thoughts: "v'Nishmarta mi'Kol Davar Ra" (Devarim 23:10).
(b) RAV MOSHE FEINSTEIN answers that the problem here is not that the person, by walking there, will certainly sin, but merely that there is a possibility that the person might have forbidden thoughts. Therefore, since it is not a certainty, when there is no other route to take a person is permitted to rely on himself to remove his mind from the forbidden sites, and he is not obligated to lose his money as a result. Only when there is no pressing need for him to walk there is he prohibited to rely on himself to remove his mind from forbidden thoughts.


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PSC Brown Bags
will resume fall 2016
Lam, David. 1989. "Population Growth, Age Structure, and Age-Specific Productivity." Journal of Population Economics, 2: 189-210.
Motivated by empirical evidence that fluctuations in age structure affect relative wages across age groups, this paper asks whether there is a steady-state age distribution that maximizes the lifetime wages of a representative worker. The paper proves the surprising result that in a pure labor economy with any constant returns technology, a uniform age distribution minimizes lifetime wages. Skewed age distributions, generated by either positive or negative population growth rates, generate unambiguously higher lifetime wages than a stationary population, in spite of possible reductions in per capita output in every period. The presence of non-labor factors complicates, but does not necessarily reverse, this result. The paper relates the beneficial effects of higher rates of population growth on lifetime wages in the pure labor economy with imperfect substitutability across age groups to the benefits of population growth that appear in overlapping-generationn consumption loan models with intergenerational transfers.


Re: How Dangerous is it to Handle Uranium Oxide Ore?
In article , "Al Lergy" wrote:
"W. Watson" wrote in message
I have a sample of Uranium ore about the size of a golf ball. What danger
am I in by handling it?
Is it processed or still a rock?
a fair amount. They give off gamma rays, Beta and Alpha partials.
meh. the half-life of the dominant isotopes is on the order of a
billion or so years, if i recall correctly. It's radioactive, barely. I
believe a box of table salt is more radioactive, although i could
possibly be wrong.
It's pitchblende, right? It's a frigging rock. Don't lick it, wash your
hands after playing with it, and you'll be fine. Putting it in a baggie
or a display box would consitute more-than-suffcient care.
This signature can be appended to your outgoing mesages. Many people include in
their signatures contact information, and perhaps a joke or quotation.


article placeholder
Review, The Wild Vine: A Forgotten Grape and the Untold Story of American Wine
Author Todd Kliman's history of the American grape, Norton's Virginia Seedling, starts off in an almost sultry manner as he teases the reader by veiling his intent. What begins to look like an unhealthy promotion of a single vineyard, Chrysalis, breaks the bonds of being a wine book and launches into the story of an American epic, a battle against nature and God: the stuff of Manifest Destiny as fought by American outsiders.


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M2600 (4 attachment)
1. Long reach hedge trimmer is a trimmer blade mounted on the shaft of the brush cutter, used for trimming and shaping particularly tall, long or extra-wide hedges. A carrying strap allows the user to work without tiring.
2. Pole pruners make it easier and safer to prune fruit trees and thin our shrubs and brushea, fro the branches can be cut without leaving the ground when using this chain saw on the pole. The machine can prun branches up to a height of roughly 5m.
3. Powerful Brush cutters cut through thick and thin when the motor mower is out of its depth.
4. Cut Head double line for cutting and thinning out, the nylon line is kept at the optimum cutting length fully automatically.


Using a Restaurant's Net Promoter Score to Improve Customer Satisfaction
If you use a Net Promoter Score (NPS) to judge the perceived quality of your restaurants over time, you are in good company. Over two-thirds of Fortune 1000 companies use this important score to keep track of customer loyalty and engagement. In fact, it's become "all the rage" among Fortune 500 companies.
For those of you that are unfamiliar with this important tool that provides customer feedback and measures, among other things, how likely these customers are to recommend your establishment, let's go over the basics.
What is Net Promoter Score?
NPS was first developed by Fred Reichheld, a partner at Bain & Company, in 2003. Since that time, as companies expanded upon the initial concept, NPS developed into a scientific method and a standard key performance indicator (KPI), a benchmark in the customer experience.
In its simplest form, it boils down to a survey with one question: On a scale of 0 to 10, how likely are you to recommend us to a friend? Customers are then placed in one of three categories depending upon their answer.
 - Promoters are customers that reply with a 9 or 10 and are highly likely to recommend you.
 - Passives are customers that reply with a 7 or 8 and are indifferent, meaning they could swing in either direction.
 - Detractors are customers that reply with a 0 through 6 and are likely to seek service elsewhere or even share their bad experience.
How do you Calculate Net Promoter Score?
Your score is determined by subtracting the percentage of Detractors from the percentage of Promoters.
100 * (% of Promoters – % of Detractors) = NPS
As an example: You've surveyed 100 customers and 60% came back as Promoters while 15% came back as Detractors. Your NPS is determined as follows:
100 * (60% – 15%) = 45
The average score for those in the fast-food category such as Chick-fil-A, McDonald's, and Starbucks is 30. A high score for these concepts is 53 and above. Restaurants with scores higher than 60 are considered excellent. This number then tells you that you've got a little bit of work to do, but you're on the right track.
What are the Benefits of NPS?
NPS is a management tool that can be used to determine how your customers perceive your establishment and how likely they are to refer you to others. A sudden drop may suggest that food quality and/or customer service has suffered. An increase may show that training programs and/or an improved menu are having an impact.
In the context of reopening from COVID-19, it's imperative to know how your returning customers are reacting to the safety protocols and overall experience.
Here's an example of why this benchmark is so important to include when monitoring the state of your restaurants:
One of EMERGING's clients performed a survey in early February, just prior to the rise of the pandemic. They received a score of 48. They then implemented an extensive customer service training program, ran another survey in March, and found their score had jumped to 66.
What are the Best Practices When Implementing NPS?
 1. Include a question in your survey that tells you why your customer chose the score that they did. This will give you vital information regarding what is working well, and what areas need improvement. When Saddleback BBQ asked the question, "Please explain why you provided the score that you did above," they found that their customers wanted more specials, lighter options, another location, and delivery.
 2. Follow up with NPS Detractors within 24 hours. This is an excellent opportunity to find out how you can change Detractors into Promoters before they take to their social media accounts.
 3. Ask NPS Promoters if they would be kind enough to review your business online. Knowing which customers fall into the happy and satisfied category allows you to request reviews from guests that will be most likely to leave a positive comment.
 4. Turn Passives into Promoters by addressing their pain points and resolving them.
 5. Make it easy to find the survey and submit it. Instead of sending out mass emails that may or may not be opened, place the survey at the bottom of the receipt. Of course, if you've gone paperless, this is not an option. In that case, be sure that your email list contains a large percentage of your customers. This can be achieved by capturing email on Wi-Fi, through your reservation system, social media, and competitions. Tomatina, a California Italian chain, gets feedback from about 75 guests every week by using their rewards program and an app with a link for feedback.
 6. Make this benchmark an important part of your monthly comparative data. Measuring NPS over time will allow you to see whether your customer's experience is diminishing or improving. You'll also be able to discern if the steps you've taken to improve your establishment are working.
Multiple Locations – Comparing Apples to Apples
Implementing NPS surveys at multiple locations gives you vital information when comparing units. When Bain & Company spoke with two leading restaurant executives, the biggest takeaway was that "tracking NPS provides invaluable data for restaurant executives at multilocation brands—provided you engage customers at a relevant time and in a personalized fashion. Sales increases by an average of 7% to 24%." Want more help with NPS? Contact Us!
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Best Practices for Three-Node Hybrid Deployment
For a TiDB cluster, if you have no requirements on high performance but need to control the cost, you can deploy the TiDB, TiKV, and PD components on three machines in a hybrid way.
This document offers an example of three-node hybrid deployment and a TPC-C test against the deployed cluster. Based on this example, this document offers best practices for the deployment scenario and its parameter adjustment.
Prerequisites for deployment and the test method
In this example, three physical machines are used for deployment, each with 16 CPU cores and 32 GB of memory. On each machine (node), one TiDB instance, one TiKV instance, and one PD instance are deployed in a hybrid way.
Because PD and TiKV both store information on the disk, the read and write latency of disk directly affects the latency of the PD and TiKV services. To avoid the situation that PD and TiKV compete for disk resources and affect each other, it is recommended to use different disks for PD and TiKV.
In this example, the TPC-C 5000 Warehouse data is used in TiUP bench and the test lasts 12 hours with the terminals parameter set to 128 (concurrency). Close attention is paid to metrics related to performance stability of the cluster.
The image below shows the QPS monitor of the cluster within 12 hours with the default parameter configuration. From the image, you can see an obvious performance jitter.
QPS with default config
After the parameter adjustment, the performance is improved.
QPS with modified config
Parameter adjustment
Performance jitter occurs in the image above, because the default thread pool configuration and the resource allocation to background tasks are for machines with sufficient resources. In the hybrid deployment scenario, the resources are shared among multiple components, so you need to limit the resource consumption via configuration parameters.
The final cluster configuration for this test is as follows:
 readpool.unified.max-thread-count: 6
 server.grpc-concurrency: 2
 storage.scheduler-worker-pool-size: 2
 gc.max-write-bytes-per-sec: 300K
 rocksdb.max-background-jobs: 3
 rocksdb.max-sub-compactions: 1
 rocksdb.rate-bytes-per-sec: "200M"
 performance.committer-concurrency: 4
 performance.max-procs: 8
The following sections introduce the meanings and the adjustment methods of these parameters.
Configuration of TiKV thread pool size
This section offers best practices for adjusting parameters that relate to the resource allocation of thread pools for foreground applications. Reducing these thread pool sizes will compromise performance, but in the hybrid deployment scenario with limited resources, the cluster itself is hard to achieve high performance. In this scenario, the overall stability of the cluster is preferred over performance.
If you conduct an actual load test, you can first use the default configuration and observe the actual resource usage of each thread pool. Then you can adjust the corresponding configuration items and reduce the sizes of the thread pools that have lower usage.
The default value of this parameter is 80% of the number of machine threads. In a hybrid deployment scenario, you need to manually calculate and specify this value. You can first set it to 80% of the expected number of CPU threads used by TiKV.
This parameter defaults to 4. Because in the existing deployment plan, the CPU resources are limited and the actual requests are few. You can observe the monitoring panel, lower the value of this parameter, and keep the usage rate below 80%.
In this test, the value of this parameter is set to 2. Observe the gRPC poll CPU panel and you can see that the usage rate is just around 80%.
When TiKV detects that the CPU core number of the machine is greater than or equal to 16, this parameter value defaults to 8. When the CPU core number is smaller than 16, the parameter value defaults to 4. This parameter is used when TiKV converts complex transaction requests to simple key-value reads or writes, but the scheduler thread pool does not performs any writes.
Ideally, the usage rate of the scheduler thread pool is kept between 50% and 75%. Similar to the gRPC thread pool, the storage.scheduler-worker-pool-size parameter defaults to a larger value during the hybrid deployment, which makes resource usage insufficient. In this test, the value of this parameter is set to 2, which is in line with the best practices, a conclusion drawn by observing the corresponding metrics in the Scheduler worker CPU panel.
Scheduler Worker CPU
Resource configuration for TiKV background tasks
In addition to foreground tasks, TiKV regularly sorts data and cleans outdated data in background tasks. The default configuration allocates sufficient resources to these tasks for the scenario of high-traffic writes.
However, in the hybrid deployment scenario, this default configuration is not in line with the best practices. You need to limit the resource usage of background tasks by adjusting the following parameters.
rocksdb.max-background-jobs and rocksdb.max-sub-compactions
The RocksDB thread pool is used to perform compaction and flush jobs. The default value of rocksdb.max-background-jobs is 8, which obviously exceeds the resource that is in need. Therefore, the value should be adjusted to limit the resource usage.
rocksdb.max-sub-compactions indicates the number of concurrent sub-tasks allowed for a single compaction job, which defaults to 3. You can lower this value when the write traffic is not high.
In the test, the rocksdb.max-background-jobs value is set to 3 and the rocksdb.max-sub-compactions value is set to 1. No write stall occurs during the 12-hour test with the TPC-C load. When optimizing the two parameter values according to the actual load, you can lower the values gradually based on monitoring metrics:
 - If write stall occurs, increase the value of rocksdb.max-background-jobs.
 - If the write stall persists, set the value of rocksdb.max-sub-compactions to 2 or 3.
This parameter is used to limit the disk traffic for the background compaction jobs. The default configuration has no limit for this parameter. To avoid the situation that compaction jobs occupy the resources of foreground services, you can adjust this parameter value according to the sequential read and write speed of the disk, which reserves enough disk bandwidth for foreground services.
The method of optimizing the RocksDB thread pool is similar to that of optimizing the compaction thread pool. You can determine whether the value you have adjusted is suitable according to whether write stall occurs.
Because TiDB uses the multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) model, TiKV periodically cleans old version data in the background. When the available resources are limited, this operation causes periodical performance jitter. You can use the gc.max_write_bytes_per_sec parameter to limit the resource usage of such an operation.
GC Impact
In addition to setting this parameter value in the configuration file, you can also dynamically adjust this value in tikv-ctl.
tiup ctl tikv --host=${ip:port} modify-tikv-config -n gc.max_write_bytes_per_sec -v ${limit}
In application scenarios with frequent updates, limiting GC traffic might cause the MVCC versions to pile up and affect read performance. Currently, to achieve a balance between performance jitter and performance decrease, you might need to try multiple times to adjust the value of this parameter.
TiDB parameter adjustment
Generally, you can adjust the TiDB parameters of execution operators using system variables such as tidb_hash_join_concurrency and tidb_index_lookup_join_concurrency.
In this test, these parameters are not adjusted. In the load test of your actual application, if the execution operators consume an excessive amount of CPU resources, you can limit the resource usage of specific operators according to your application scenario. For more details, see TiDB system variables.
This parameter is used to control how many CPU cores an entire Go process can use. By default, the value is equal to the number of CPU cores of the current machine or cgroups.
When Go is running, a proportion of threads is used for background tasks such as GC. If you do not limit the value of the performance.max-procs parameter, these background tasks will consume too much CPU.


Name The name by which the algorithm is generally referred.
 3. Common name in early Ireland; name of numerous saints, including Bearchan of Inishmore in Galway, whose feast day is April 6. (Web site)
 1. Born in Yazd to a person by the name of Ebrahim Yazdi, he had to leave school for work due to poverty at an early age.
Last Name
 1. Others simply use part of their name, such as Bill Goldberg using his last name and Ken Doane using his first as Kenny. (Web site)
 2. Reading the book one finds out that there are people who carry this name proudly as their last name and have done so for generations.
 3. Free view of the picture with history, meaning, name, genealogy, national, last name, authority, artist, medieval.
 1. There are a few regions in the world where the name of the wine, the name of the region and the name of the grape are all the same and this is one of them.
 2. In some regions of France, a wine must be 100 percent of a particular grape in order to be labeled with the name of a grape. (Web site)
 3. This grape produces the classic white wine of the same name, and can commonly be found in the Bordeaux and Loire regions of France.
 1. Encyclopedia of Keywords > Information
 2. Age > People > Age > People
 3. Encyclopedia of Keywords > Places > Place
 4. Places > World > Countries > Country
 5. Population > Settlements > Cities > City
Related Keywords
 * Address * Addresses * Area * Back * Band * Book * City * City Name * Country * Country Name * Dns * Dns Name * Domain Name * Domain Names * Family * Family Name * First * First Name * Form * Group * Group Name * Hence * Meaning * Number * Order * Original Name * Part * People * Place * Right * Set * Son * Specific Person * State * Surname * Thumbnail Map * Time * Town * Type * World * Year * Years
 1. Books about "Name" in Amazon.com
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We know what causes the scent of spring, but what's it actually for?
Daniel Martins
·2 min read
We know what causes the scent of spring, but what's it actually for?
Spring is in the air – specifically, that long-awaited, earthy scent that comes from soil that's been turned or disturbed by rain, in this case for the first time in months.
It's long had a name: 'petrichor,' a Greek portmanteau very roughly meaning something like 'essence of rock.' And scientists are well aware of what causes it.
Soil is the home of numerous kinds of bacteria, one of which, Streptomyces, is the source of the chemical compound geosmin, which finds its way into your nostrils when something happens to release it from the soil, like falling raindrops or someone getting some gardening in. It's likely most associated with spring because it reemerges around that time of year after months of people being without it during winter.
If you feel revived and rejuvenated at the scent of it, science discovered there's something to that, too. The Streptomyces bacterium can be used in the production of antibiotics. And the geosmin they produce has been used in marketable scents and perfumes, according to the BBC.
Pexels Soil plant shoot
Pexels Soil plant shoot
Image credit: Pexels
Humans are super-sensitive to it as well. In fact, according to plant scientists at the U.K.'s John Innes Centre, we can detect it in as few as 100 parts per trillion – that's "trillion" with a "T" – which, as they vividly put it, means we're better at smelling it than sharks are at smelling blood.
That's what geosmin is, and that's what it does, but there's still the question of what it's actually for. And that question wasn't answered until very recently, in 2020.
That year, the researchers at the John Innes Centre linked the geosmin molecule with a group of organisms called "springtails", six-legged, insect-like creatures of varying sizes.
Unlike other creatures such as flies and nematodes, which are repelled by geosmin, springtails are actually attracted to it, and the bacteria that produce it. The John Innes research found these springtails had a role in the bacteria's life cycle, spreading its spores either through external covering, like burrs, or excretion through their gut.
It's a very, very old relationship, too. Springtails are relatively primitive creatures, and this symbiotic give-and-take may have been going on for as much as 450 million years.
So the next time you're taking it all in, remember that the scent of spring has a LOT going on behind it than just smelling nice.


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A generally irreducible property of pathological ideologies, context and partisan-agnostic – in as much as any assertion can ever now be, is that they work industriously (and just as often unconsciously) towards the recreation of the circumstances that validate their insecurity and the actions taken on behalf of it.
This is a broad principle – observe any (and all) authoritarian or otherwise uncompromising geopolitical assertion of power or territorial aggression; the expansive overreach and projection of control or violence is always, always, a necessary precondition for the cultivation of a perception of threat or insecurity which, from within the limited and tautological – effectively fictional – framework of truth or justification they inhabit, validates their actions.
It is evidence of an essentially paranoiac neurosis, tending towards (psycho)pathology where its representations and actions become almost entirely detached and dissociated from facts or reality. It creates the reality it needs to self-validate and maintain the suspension of disbelief in its own essentially fictional and false self-identity. Ergo – assertions of insecurity recursively create, directly or indirectly, the insecurity they posit.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Cheques)
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A cheque with Thomas Jefferson as payee and payor from 1809
A cheque from 1905
A cheque from 1933
A cheque sample from Canada 2006
A cheque (or check in American English) is a document[nb 1] that orders a bank to pay money from an account. The person writing the cheque, the drawer, has a transaction banking account (often called a current, cheque, chequing or checking account) where their money is held. The drawer writes the various details including the monetary amount, date, and a payee on the cheque, and signs it, ordering their bank, known as the drawee, to pay that person or company the amount of money stated.
Cheques are a type of bill of exchange and were developed as a way to make payments without the need to carry large amounts of money. While paper money evolved from promissory notes, another form of negotiable instrument, similar to cheques in that they were originally a written order to pay the given amount to whoever had it in their possession (the "bearer").
Technically, a cheque is a negotiable instrument[nb 2] instructing a financial institution to pay a specific amount of a specific currency from a specified transactional account held in the drawer's name with that institution. Both the drawer and payee may be natural persons or legal entities. Specifically, cheques are order instruments, and are not in general payable simply to the bearer (as bearer instruments are) but must be paid to the payee. In some countries, such as the US, the payee may endorse the cheque, allowing them to specify a third party to whom it should be paid.
Although forms of cheques have been in use since ancient times and at least since the 9th century, it was during the 20th century that cheques became a highly popular non-cash method for making payments and the usage of cheques peaked. By the second half of the 20th century, as cheque processing became automated, billions of cheques were issued annually; these volumes peaked in or around the early 1990s.[1] Since then cheque usage has fallen, being partly replaced by electronic payment systems. In an increasing number of countries cheques have either become a marginal payment system or have been completely phased out.
Spelling and etymology[edit]
The spellings check, checque, and cheque were used interchangeably from the 17th century until the 20th century.[2] However, since the 19th century, the spelling cheque (from the French word chèque) has become standard for the financial instrument in the Commonwealth and Ireland, while check is used only for other meanings, thus distinguishing the two definitions in writing.[nb 3]
In American English, the usual spelling for both is check.[4]
Etymological dictionaries attribute the financial meaning to come from "a check against forgery," with the use of "check" to mean "control" stemming from a check in chess, a term which came into English through French, Latin, Arabic and ultimately from the Persian word "shah" or "king."[5][6]
Early years[edit]
In India, during the Mauryan period (from 321 to 185 BC), a commercial instrument called adesha was in use, which was an order on a banker desiring him to pay the money of the note to a third person, which corresponds to the definition of a bill of exchange as we understand it today. During the Buddhist period, there was considerable use of these instruments. Merchants in large towns gave letters of credit to one another. There are also numerous references to promissory notes.[7]
The ancient Romans are believed[8] to have used an early form of cheque known as praescriptiones in the 1st century BC.
Muslim traders are known to have used the cheque or ṣakk system since the time of Harun al-Rashid (9th century) of the Abbasid Caliphate.[9] Transporting a paper saqq was more secure than transporting money. In the 9th century, a merchant in country A could cash a saqq drawn on his bank in country B.[10]
In the 13th century in Venice the bill of exchange was developed as a legal device to allow international trade without the need to carry large amounts of gold and silver. Their use subsequently spread to other European countries.
In the early 1500s in the Dutch Republic, to protect large accumulations of cash, people began depositing their money with "cashiers". These cashiers held the money for a fee. Competition drove cashiers to offer additional services including paying money to any person bearing a written order from a depositor to do so. They kept the note as proof of payment. This concept went on to spread to England and elsewhere.[11]
Modern era[edit]
By the 17th century, bills of exchange were being used for domestic payments in England. Cheques, a type of bill of exchange, then began to evolve. Initially they were called drawn notes, because they enabled a customer to draw on the funds that he or she had in the account with a bank and required immediate payment.[12] These were handwritten, and one of the earliest known still to be in existence was drawn on Messrs Morris and Clayton, scriveners and bankers based in the City of London, and dated 16 February 1659.
In 1717, the Bank of England pioneered the first use of a pre-printed form. These forms were printed on "cheque paper" to prevent fraud, and customers had to attend in person and obtain a numbered form from the cashier. Once written, the cheque was brought back to the bank for settlement. The suppression of banknotes in eighteenth-century England further promoted the use of cheques.[13]
Until about 1770, an informal exchange of cheques took place between London banks. Clerks of each bank visited all the other banks to exchange cheques, whilst keeping a tally of balances between them until they settled with each other. Daily cheque clearing began around 1770 when the bank clerks met at the Five Bells, a tavern in Lombard Street in the City of London, to exchange all their cheques in one place and settle the balances in cash. See bankers' clearing house for further historical developments.
In America, the Bank of New York, after its establishment by Alexander Hamilton in 1784, began issuing checks.[14] The oldest surviving example of a complete American checkbook from the 1790s was discovered by a family in New Jersey.[15]
In 1811, the Commercial Bank of Scotland, it is thought, was the first bank to personalise its customers' cheques, by printing the name of the account holder vertically along the left-hand edge.[16] In 1830 the Bank of England introduced books of 50, 100, and 200 forms and counterparts, bound or stitched. These cheque books became a common format for the distribution of cheques to bank customers.
In the late 19th century, several countries formalised laws regarding cheques. The UK passed the Bills of Exchange Act in 1882, and India passed the Negotiable Instruments Act (NI Act) 1881;[7] which both covered cheques.
An English cheque from 1956 having a bank clerk's red mark verifying the signature, a two-pence stamp duty, and holes punched by hand to cancel it. This is a "crossed cheque" disallowing transfer of payment to another account.
In 1931 an attempt was made to simplify the international use of cheques by the Geneva Convention on the Unification of the Law Relating to Cheques.[17] Many European and South American states as well as Japan joined the convention. However, countries including the U.S. and members of the British Commonwealth, did not participate and so it remained very difficult for cheques to be used across country borders.
In 1959 a standard for machine-readable characters (MICR) was agreed and patented in the U.S. for use with cheques. This opened the way for the first automated reader/sorting machines for clearing cheques. As automation increased, the following years saw a dramatic change in the way in which cheques were handled and processed. Cheque volumes continued to grow; in the late 20th century, cheques were the most popular non-cash method for making payments, with billions of them processed each year. Most countries saw cheque volumes peak in the late 1980s or early 1990s, after which electronic payment methods became more popular and the use of cheques declined.
In 1969 cheque guarantee cards were introduced in several countries, allowing a retailer to confirm that a cheque would be honoured when used at a point of sale. The drawer would sign the cheque in front of the retailer, who would compare the signature to the signature on the card and then write the cheque-guarantee-card number on the back of the cheque. Such cards were generally phased out and replaced by debit cards, starting in the mid-1990s.
From the mid-1990s, many countries enacted laws to allow for cheque truncation, in which a physical cheque is converted into electronic form for transmission to the paying bank or clearing-house. This eliminates the cumbersome physical presentation and saves time and processing costs.
In 2002, the Eurocheque system was phased out and replaced with domestic checking systems. Old eurocheques could still be used, however they were now processed by national checking systems. At that time, a number of countries


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DescriptionCalculus may not seem very important to you but the lessons and skills you learn will be with for your whole lifetime!
Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change. It helps you practice and develop your logic/reasoning skills. It throws challenging problems your way which make you think. Although you may never use calculus ever again after school or college, you will definitely hold on to the lessons that calculus teaches you.
Things like time management, how to be organized, how to accomplish things on time, how to perform under pressure, how to be responsible are just some of the things Calculus helps you become proficient in. Traits that will help you succeed.
Calculus plays a big role in most universities today as students in the fields of economics, science, business, engineering, computer science, and so on are all required to take Calculus as prerequisites.
Our Pre-Calculus guide is a preliminary version of Calculus containing over 300 rules, definitions, and examples that provides you with a broad and general introduction of this subject. A valuable pocket reference to have on your phone.
1. Matrix Definition
2. Matrix Addition, Subtraction and Scalar Multiplication
3. Matrix Multiplication
4. Matrix Multiplication Example
5. Augmented Matrix for a System of Equations
6. Solving Augmented Matrices
7. Solving by Gauss-Jordan Elimination
8. Gauss-Jordan Elimination (continued)
9. Special Types of Matrices
10. 2 x 2 Matrix Determinant
11. 3 x 3 Matrix Determinant: Expansion by Minors
12. Determinant of a 3 x 3 Diagonal Multiplication
13. Cramer's Rule for Solving 2 Linear Equations
14. Cramer's Rule - Example of solving 2 Equations
15. Cramer's Rule for 3 Equations in 3 Unknowns
16. Cramer's Rule - Example of solving three Equations
17. Inverse of a 2 x 2 Matrix
18. System of Equations by Inverse Matrices
19. Area of a Triangle Using Matrices
20. Test for Collinear Points Using Matrices
21. Finding Equation of a Line Given Two Points
22. Conic Sections
24. Ellipse Whose Center is at the Origin
25. Ellipse with Center at the Origin Example
26. Ellipse Translation
27. Ellipse Translation Example
28. Equation of an Ellipse in Standard Form
30. Hyperbola Standard Form
31. Hyperbola Standard Form (continued)
32. Hyperbola Centered at the Origin Example
33. Hyperbola Translation
34. Hyperbola Centered at the Origin Example
36. Parabola Equation with Vertex at the Origin
37. Diagrams of Previous Page Parabolas
38. Parabola Equation with Vertex (h, k)
39. Polar Coordinate Plane
40. Polar Coordinate System - Plotting Points
41. Multiple Representation of points
42. Coordinate Conversion
43. Examples of Conversion
44. Equation Conversion
45. Polar Equations Graphing
46. Special Graphs – Limaçons
47. Special Graphs - Rose Curves
48. Special Graphs - Circles & Lemniscates
49. About Pre-Calculus
50. Support Page
Even if you dont use Calculus, this app sure is a cool way to show-off some high IQ!
Like all our 'phoneflips', this fast and lightweight application navigates quick, has NO Adverts, NO In-App purchasing, never needs an internet connection and will not take up much space on your phone!
Portrait & Landscape mode supported.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides in Outdoor Surfaces
Welcome to the "Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides in Outdoor Surfaces (SDCC) for Superfund" download and calculation website. The recommended SDCCs on this website are dose levels for contaminated outdoor hard surfaces such as building slabs, outside building walls, sidewalks and roads.
This tool presents recommended dose-based SDCCs calculated using default input parameters and the latest dose conversion factors. In addition, you are able to modify the input parameters to create site-specific SDCCs to meet the needs of your site, considering factors related to the underlying exposure scenarios, pathways and routes. To learn more about the use of these recommended SDCCs, please see further guidance located in the "User's Guide", "What's New", 'FAQ", and "Download Area" links. Below is a general description of how SDCCs can be used for situations involving radionuclides.
The primary purpose of this recommended SDCC calculation tool is to assist risk assessors, remedial project managers, and others involved with dose assessment and decision-making at sites with contaminated outdoor hard surfaces.
The Dose Compliance Concentrations for Radionuclides electronic calculator website may be used to determine doses for radioactively contaminated soil and water. The suggested standardized SDCCs are based on default exposure parameters and incorporate exposure factors that present RME conditions. This recommended database tool presents SDCCs in both activity per area and mass per area units. Dose conversion factors used are from EPA.
ARAR Dose Compliance Concentrations
Dose conversion factors (DCFs), or "dose coefficients", for a given radionuclide generally represent the dose equivalent per unit intake (i.e., ingestion or inhalation) or external exposure of that radionuclide. These DCFs normally are used to convert a radionuclide concentration in soil, air, water, or foodstuffs to a radiation dose. DCFs may be specified for specific body organs or tissues of interest, or as a weighted sum of individual organ dose, termed the effective dose equivalent. These DCFs may be multiplied by the total activity of each radionuclide inhaled or ingested per year, or the external exposure concentration to which a receptor may be exposed, to estimate the dose equivalent to the receptor.
It is EPA's recommendation that dose assessments generally are appropriate under CERCLA only where necessary to demonstrate ARAR compliance. Further, dose recommendations in guidance generally should not be used as to-be-considered material. For more information on this issue, please see page 2 of memo from Stephen D. Luftig Director Office of Emergency and Remedial Response and Stephen D. Page, Director Office of Radiation and Indoor Air to Regions on December 17, 1999 transmitting OSWER Radiation Risk Assessment Q & A's Final Guidance.
Also, in establishing cleanup levels at CERCLA sites, EPA generally does not consider ARARs greater than 15 mrem/yr to be sufficiently protective. Cleanup levels to ensure protectiveness that are not based on an ARAR normally should be based on the carcinogenic risk range (generally 10-4 to 10-6, with 10-6 as the point of departure and 1 x 10-6 used for SPRGs. For further guidance on this issue, refer to question 32 on page 13 of Radiation Risk Assessment At CERCLA Sites: Q & A (EPA 540/R/99/006, December 1999).
This site is maintained and operated through an Interagency Agreement between the EPA Office of Superfund and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For questions or comments please contact Stuart Walker at the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation.


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Phenology: Changes in Ecological Lifecycles
By Zack Guido | The University of Arizona | September 12, 2008
Lilac flowers bloom with cues from the weather. Caribou give birth at the peak of plant abundance so that their newborns have plenty to eat. In the Southwest, as well as all other parts of the world, variations in the climate trigger life cycle events in plants and animals. Studying these events and their relation to climate is known as phenology. The information obtained is vital for understanding the impact climate change has on humans and ecosystems.
A Gila woodpecker feeding on the flowers of the giant saguaro cactus. The timing of blooming may shift in a changing climate.
Credit: ©Frank Leung, istockphoto.com
Phenology includes the timing of flower blooms, agricultural crop stages, insect activity, and animal migration. All of these events are changing as a result of climate change and these changes impact humans. The date flowers bloom, for example, controls the timing of allergens and infectious diseases—impacting human health—and alters when tourists visit regions to enjoy wildflowers, which impacts economies. Variations in crop phases affect agriculture by influencing the timing of planting, harvesting, and pest activity.
Quantitative assessments of the impact of phenological changes on humans in the Southwest are scant primarily because phenology is a relatively recent scientific endeavor in the Southwest. However, increasing concern about climate change has amplified efforts in the following areas:
- Documenting observed phenological changes
- Projecting phenological changes from climate change
- Establishing a national phenological network
Phenology in the Southwest is relatively young and there are only a few observational records more than 20 years old. Nonetheless, records less than 20 years are sufficient to observe trends in phenological changes, and experts believe that changes in life cycle events in the Southwest will be similar to those documented in other parts of the world where longer records exist.
Two of the more important and well-documented effects of climate change on phenology are changes in the date of flowering and food-chain disruptions.
Changes in flower blooms
Studies indicate an advance in the date that flowers bloom in the West. Important conclusions include the following:
- Shrub specimens collected in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico and biological models suggest that the spring bloom of shrubs may have advanced by 20 to 41 days between 1894 and 20041
- A study published in 2001 concluded that the average date of bloom for lilacs in the western U.S. advanced by 7.5 days between 1957 and 1994, while the average bloom date of honeysuckle advanced by 10 days between 1968 and 1994.2
- A 20-year record of the timing of flower blooms for hundreds of plant species across 4,000 vertical feet in the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, Arizona, suggests more than 15 percent of the surveyed species bloom at elevations as much as 1,000 feet higher than they did in the past.3
- The same 20-year record showed the average total number of species in bloom per year increased over the 20-year period by nearly three species per year at the highest elevations—this increase was associated with increasing summer temperatures.4
Food chain disruption
Important life cycle events in plants and animals are often triggered by each other. When the timing of life cycle events changes in one species, it can disrupt symbiotic relationships and affect other species. For example, in the northeastern U.S., nectar-producing trees currently bloom 25 days earlier than in the past. As a result, honey bees have switched their source of nectar from the tulip poplar tree to black locust tree, impacting the pollination of tulip poplars and causing their numbers to crash.5 In the Arctic, the peak in plant abundance and caribou births no longer coincide, causing a 400 percent jump in offspring mortality.
Future phenological changes will be localized, depending on the specific plant and animal species and the magnitude of climate change. Some species may profit, while others suffer. In general, flowers will likely bloom earlier and food-chain disruptions will likely be more frequent. Several changes are likely in the Southwest:
- Because the date and abundance of flower blooms are highly correlated with winter snowpack, projected declines in snowpack will decrease flower abundance and advance the date of flowering.6
- Global warming may have a disproportionate effect on montane plant communities. Some mountain species may not be able to respond to changes in temperature by migrating north or south. In addition, an upward shift in altitudinal range of species to encounter cooler temperatures will decrease habitat area.2
- Earlier flower blooms could have substantial impacts on plant and animal communities in the Sonoran Desert, especially on shrubs and migratory hummingbirds.1
In addition, climate change will cause plant species to move in response to changes in temperature and precipitation. This may be most evident on mountains, where changes in elevation help create specific habitat zones within small areas. In the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, Arizona, for example, the habitat of many species has expanded upslope, and to a lesser extent downslope.
The USA National Phenology Network (NPN) is headquartered in Tucson, Arizona. Its mission is to facilitate collection and dissemination of phenological data from the United States. NPN primarily supports scientific research concerning interactions among plants, animals, and the lower atmosphere, especially the long-term impacts of climate change.
NPN encourages involvement in phenological research and provides opportunities for interested people to contribute to science. Scholars, students of all grades, and citizens record the timing of life cycle events in key plant and animal species and submit their observations on-line. In this manner, a detailed database is growing. Currently, 800 people in the U.S. participate in NPN. Among them, amateur scientists in the Southwest have provided some of the more valuable and longer observational data.
- Bowers, J. E. 2007. Has climatic warming altered spring flowering date of Sonoran desert shrubs? The Southwestern Naturalist, 52(3):347-355.
- Cayan, D. R., et al. 2001. Changes in the onset of spring in the western United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82(3):399-415.
- Personal communication with Dave Bertelsen, August 4, 2008.
- Crimmins, T. H., M. A. Crimmins, D. Bertelsen and J. Balmat. 2008. Relationships between alpha diversity of plant species in bloom and climatic variables across an elevation gradient. International Journal of Biometeorology, 52:353-366.
- Personal communication with Jake Weltzin, July 21, 2008.
- Inouye, D. W., M. A. Morales and G. J. Dodge. 2002. Variation in timing and abundance of flowering by Delphinium barbeyi Huth (Ranunculaceae): The roles of snowpack, frost, and La Niña, in the context of climate change. Oecologia, 130:543–550.


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Effects of abdominal muscle coactivation on the externally preloaded trunk: variations in motor control and its effect on spine stability.Brown SH, Vera-Garcia FJ, McGill SM.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
STUDY DESIGN: A repeated measures biomechanical analysis of the effects of abdominal bracing in preparation for a quick release of the loaded trunk. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the ability of individuals to abdominally brace the externally loaded trunk, and assess their success in achieving and enhancing appropriate spine stability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spine stability requires trunk muscle coactivation, which demands motor control skill that differs across people and situations. The quick release protocol may offer insight into the motor control scheme and subsequent effect on spine stability. METHODS: There were 10 individuals who sat, torso upright, in an apparatus designed to foster a neutral spine position. They were instructed to support a posteriorly directed load to the trunk in either their naturally chosen manner, or by activating the abdominal muscles to 10%, 20%, or 30% of maximum ability. The externally applied load was then quickly released, thereby unloading the participant. Muscle pre-activation patterns, spine stability, and kinematic measures of trunk stiffness were quantified. RESULTS: Participants were able to stabilize their spine effectively by supporting the load in a naturally selected manner. Conscious, voluntary overdriving of this natural pattern often resulted in unbalanced muscular activation schemes and corresponding decreases in stability levels. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in an externally loaded state appear to select a natural muscular activation pattern appropriate to maintain spine stability sufficiently. Conscious adjustments in individual muscles around this natural level may actually decrease the stability margin of safety.


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Yellow-rumped caciques (Cacicus cela) are widespread across northern South America. They can be found east of the Andes Mountains throughout the Amazon Basin. Yellow-rumped caciques are more numerous in the tropics than in temperate regions although some have been spotted along the southern border of Bolivia which is considered to be the southern (more temperate) extent of their range. They inhabit all northern countries of South America and extend east throughout the upper half of Brazil. They are native to the Amazon and have not been introduced into any other regions.
Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )
- Lowther, P. 1975. Geographic and ecological variation in the family Icteridae. The Wilson Bulletin, 87/4: 481-495.
- Ridgely, R., G. Tudor. 1989. The Birds of South America. United States of America: Robert S. Ridgely, Guy Tudor, and World Wildlife Fund, Inc.
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Vegetable Health Benefits
Health Benefits of Salsify:- Some of the health benefits of salsify include its ability to lower blood pressure, boost the immune system, stimulate hair growth, increase circulation, improve numerous elements of your digestive health, increase the metabolism, and positively affect bone mineral density. Salsify is actually the name given to a few different plants in two different genera, both of which are in the sunflower family, Asteraceae.
Health Benefits of Shallots:- Some of the impressive health benefits of shallots include their ability to lower cholesterol levels, prevent certain types of cancer, provide anti-fungal, antibacterial, and antiviral protection, lower blood pressure, help manage diabetes, soothe nerves, boost circulation, speed up digestion, and aid in weight loss efforts. Shallots are normally considered a variety of onions, and they share the same species,
Health Benefits of Wakame:- Some of the health benefits of wakame include its ability to aid in weight loss, lower cholesterol, boost heart health, prevent cancer, boost energy levels, maintains hormonal balance, build strong bones, increase circulation, improve skin health, and protects infant health. Wakame is a variety of seaweed that is commonly used in Japanese cuisine.
Health Benefits of Okra:- The health benefits of okra include its ability to lower total cholesterol levels, improve digestive health, improve vision, boost skin health, protect infant health, prevent certain cancers, strengthen bones, improve cardiovascular health, aid the immune system, lower blood pressure, and protect heart health. Okra is a flowering plant that is known in many parts.
Health Benefits of Red Cabbage:- The health benefits of red cabbage include a prevention of premature aging, reducing the chances of cancer, improve the health of the skin and eyes, helps in weight loss, boosts the immune system, helps to build stronger bones, detoxifies the body, prevents diabetes, improves heart health, slows down the onset of Alzheimers, and treats ulcers.
Health Benefits of Jicama:- Some of the health benefits of jicama include its ability to help you manage your weight, optimize your digestion, boost your immune system, prevent various types of cancer, increase your energy levels, help manage diabetes, build strong bones, increase circulation, lowers blood pressure, and boosts brain function.
Health Benefits of Orach:- Some of the health benefits of orach include its ability to regulate digestion, improve kidney health, boost cardiovascular strength, strengthen the immune system, detoxifies the blood, and can prevent certain cancers and chronic diseases. Orach is the common name (also known as saltbush or orache) for members of the Atriplex genus, which has more than 250 different species of plants that have some very unique qualities.
Health Benefits of Rutabaga:- Some of the health benefits of rutabaga includes its ability to improve your digestive health, boost your immune system, improve your metabolic function, lowers blood pressure, prevents certain forms of cancer, lowers cholesterol levels, aids in cellular and enzymatic functions, builds strong bones, and can even help you lose weight. Rutabagas are cruciferous vegetables that are known around the world as swedes, but are called rutabagas in much of the western hemisphere, primarily in North America.
Health Benefits of Purslane:- Some of the health benefits of purslane include its ability to help lose weight, boost heart health, help in the proper development of children, treat certain gastrointestinal diseases, prevent certain cancers, protect the skin, boost vision, strengthen the immune system, build strong bones, and increase circulation. Although this may come as a surprise to many vegetable lovers, purslane may be the most important vegetable that hasnt made its way into your diet! The main reason for this is that for many years, purslane has been considered little more than an annoying weed.
Health Benefits of Tomatillos:- Some of the health benefits of tomatillos include its ability to reduce the chances of diabetes, increase the health of your digestive system, boost the immune system, increase cellular growth, increase energy levels, prevent certain types of cancer, improve vision health, lower blood pressure, and can help in weight loss efforts. Tomatillos are native to Mexico and are small delicious vegetables from the nightshade family. Although they resemble tomatoes (both in appearance and in name), they are actually related more closely to cape gooseberries.


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Superconductors.ORG herein reports synthesizing the first room-temperature superconductor that requires only 3 elements. The compound Cd5MgO6 has produced a critical transition temperature (Tc) near 37 Celsius (98F/310K) both magnetically and resistively. Both cooling and heating magnetization tests show Meissner transitions of 5-10 milligauss (at page top). Lines drawn through the noise to approximate the average of the data points also show a slope change. As with the prior 41 RT superconductors, the volume fraction (VF) of this discovery is low.
Since +2,+1 metals were recently found to be facilitators of high-temperature superconductivity, cadmium was selected to be the heavier of two metals that establish weight disparity on opposite sides of an oxygen atom. Theory predicted a weight ratio greater than 20:1 would be needed to achieve a Tc above room temperature. With magnesium as the second metal, the ratio is more than 23:1. Below are two direct resistance tests that also show a transition near 37C. (Up is higher resistance. Down is lower resistance.)
The value of Cd5MgO6 lies in its simple tetragonal structure, shown at left. Though 42 different room-temperature superconductors have now been discovered, all have a low volume fraction. If commercialization is to be realized, a method must be found to increase the VF to near 100%. A collinear structure would allow for molecular engineering or pulsed laser deposition as a mass-production method. Both are proven technologies.
In the below graph Tc is plotted against planar weight ratio for known ternary superconductors. These ratios are roughly twice as high as the legacy copper-oxides that use Period 6 heavy metals like Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi. However, in defense of this apparent inefficiency, the legacy curves typically roll over at higher Tc's. Cd5MgO6 (circled) appears to defy this tendency.
The below stoichiometric ratios were used in making this compound.
CdO 99.998% (Alfa Aesar) 15.10 grains
MgO 99.95% (Alfa Aesar) 0.95 grain
The chemical precursors were pelletized at 60,000 PSI and sintered for 10+ hours at 880C. The pellet was then annealed for 10+ hours at 500C in flowing O2. Temperature was determined using an Omega type "T" thermocouple and precision OP77 DC amplifier. The magnetometer employed twin Honeywell SS94A1F Hall-effect sensors with a tandem sensitivity of 50 mv/Gauss.
 The non-superconductive bulk had an unusually low resistance under 0.1 ohm. To observe a resistance change a constant-current source of 863 milliamperes was used to generate a voltage drop across the test pellet. Resistance was then calculated using the formula E/I=R. Anecdotally, the pellet was also extraordinarily hard for an oxide.
RESEARCH NOTE: These materials can be strongly hygroscopic. All tests should be performed immediately after annealing.
RE-PUBLICATION NOTICE: Elsevier Publishing, dba Elsevier Science, as well as Morris Communications, both print and broadcast divisions, are specifically prohibited from re-publishing any part of this news story.
E. Joe Eck
© 2016 Superconductors.ORG
All rights reserved.


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Origin of the Universe Hashtags consists of recent articles curated from various Media that expand details of the Explanation
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This is reality worldview, this is _TAG_. This overall concept merits its own hashtag and is the driving force behind _TAG_. This is making sense out of our world, a true worldview.
How Do Leaders Deal With Disruption? Make New Maps This is longish, but a must read. The focus is on having a _TAG_ or _TAG_ to _TAG_ how _TAG_ fits together. He calls it _TAG_ or _TAG_. His focus is business but map-making or structuring encyclopedic information–all data–is even more vital. Sounds preposterous? It is, because everything is entangled. But, I assure you, there is a thread that binds it all together. That's what _TAG_ is all about. _TAG_
The numbers below represent the chapters in Origin of the Universe with their sub-topics.
Origin of the Universe
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Denmark scraps 334-year-old blasphemy law _URL_ 'Religion should not dictate what is allowed and what is forbidden to say publicly', says MP who proposed the repeal. Is there a role for _TAG_ and _TAG_ books in society today? _TAG_ _TAG_
Coherent Completeness is the Reasoning of the s/Source _URL_ It's the real Grand Unifying _TAG_—Theory of Everything—not on a scientific level (I have no clue to that one) but on a universal _TAG_ _TAG_ and _TAG_ level. How can humankind find that? _TAG_ _TAG_
Sacred books, there are many, will the Real Sacred Book Stand up Please _URL_ Is it possible to verify a supposed non-human _TAG_ _TAG_? If you could, is there some _TAG_ _TAG_ for doing this? _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
The Why of Human Life: The Biggest Unanswered Question of All Times If you don't _TAG_ the why, how can you ever figure out the '_TAG_' and the '_TAG_'? Why does _TAG_ … and you … _TAG_? _TAG_ _TAG_
The Nagging Question: How do Humans Function and Affect the Universe? The joke goes: You have your _TAG_, I have my _TAG_. That said, valid questions do need valid answers. Here's a list of questions _TAG_ either try to answer or sweep under the rug because they know these _TAG_ only cause _TAG_ and hardship. The Explanation is going to tackle all these hard-to-answer but very down-to-earth questions. _TAG_ _TAG_
The Sacred Book (if it exists): Could it Possibly be the Bible? _TAG_ has a cacophony of _TAG_ to the big _TAG_ in _TAG_. Could it be that there's a 'book', a '_TAG_ book' that does contain answers in a coherent complete way? Let's find out. _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
Bible Tools to Unlock Bible Meaning – Using Biblical Hebrew with No Fuss Online Bible, Interlinear Bible and Strong's Concordance. Free and easy to use. Accessible at Online Bible tools have never been so effective and available. _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
Bible Tools to Unlock Bible Meaning – Using Biblical Hebrew with No Fuss Online _TAG_, _TAG_ and _TAG_'sConcordance, now with Hebrew/Greek Concordance (also known as an _TAG_'sConcordance). Free and easy to use. Accessible at _TAG_ have never been so effective and available. _TAG_ _TAG_
World's oldest surviving Latin bible returns to Britain after 1300 years Why so much admiration for a Latin _TAG_? After all the original is in _TAG_ and _TAG_. Is it the book or the words that are the most important? Did you know that the same Biblical Hebrew word has been translated by up to 50 DIFFERENT English words? You need to understand just how pertinent that is to understanding the real meaning of the Bible _TAG_ _TAG_
Finding Hope In The New Year Thought I'd choose this article about hope to send you New Year's greetings and hope you have a wonderful #2018. There will be a number of new developments with The Explanation as we get deeper and deeper in _TAG_ and the _TAG_. It's going to be very exciting. _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
Fr. John Zuhlsdorf Explains the Holy Trinity – Beautifully! _URL_ Here's another explanation with no _TAG_ to back it up… hmm _TAG_ _TAG_
How Close Can We Get to God? _URL_ The amazing meaning of the latin word: _TAG_. Whether it's to _TAG_ or a fellow being the principle is similar. _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
God's Goal – What's the Whole Point of The Bible Story? Every single human being knows what _TAG_'s plan is because it is probably the dearest desire of all of us: Living together in _TAG_ and _TAG_… as _TAG_, _TAG_, harmonious _TAG_. God wants just that for everyone. It was this desire right from _TAG_, but poor translations and misinterpretations of the _TAG_ have torn that fundamental concept to shreds. _TAG_ _TAG_
Bible Hierarchy of our Two Key Characters: God and humans If there were a _TAG_ with a capital 'G' would He know why humanity is on _TAG_? And what would be our _TAG_ with Him? In other words, would there be some sort of hierarchy? Even if you pretend … it might be worth looking into it. That's what the _TAG_ story is _TAG_ _TAG_
These _TAG_ of the 'same' phenonena are very related to the use of Biblical _TAG_ _TAG_ 'bread' and 'war' have the same origin: Going to war is taking away the other's bread. The more you love, the less you hate, each is a degree of the other. Follow my Hebrew course at TheExplanation.com to learn more. _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
Your Native Language does Not Render the Fullness of Biblical Hebrew Whether you believe the Bible is God's word or not, reading this bestseller in your native language rather than its original languages deprives you of at least 50% of understanding. Now you can master that missing dimension with no hassle. _TAG_ _TAG_
Your Native Language does Not Render the Fullness of Biblical Hebrew Can you really understand something if half the words are missing? One Biblical Hebrew word, in the _TAG_, translated 'commandment' also has 50 OTHER _TAG_! That should tell us we're missing something in our _TAG_. Better understanding comes with getting into the basics … like mastering vocabulary with no hassle. _TAG_ _TAG_
Biblical Hebrew – An Amazing Language — both Simple and Deep. Did you know that just one _TAG_ _TAG_ word can be translated by 50 different _TAG_ words? In your native _TAG_ it is impossible to see this, much less comprehend the implication for _TAG_ _TAG_. Isn't there a need for more comprehension of the original Hebrew language? _TAG_ _TAG_ Origin of the Universe Hashtags
Biblical Hebrew Roots to Anchor your Bible Comprehension The _TAG_ _TAG_ word translated 'commandment' actually has 50 other different _TAG_ into _TAG_. Were the translators wrong, or is there something _TAG_ readers


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Friday, August 28, 2020
Coarseness and Gritty Coarseness and Gritty Coarseness and Gritty By Maeve Maddox The word coarseness has been in the language since Old English occasions. It gets from an action word importance to squash or to pound. Both the thing and the modifier have strict and non-literal employments. Sick give the strict definitions first. coarseness thing: Minute particles of stone or sand, as created by weakening or breaking down. coarse descriptive word: Containing, comprising of, or loaded with coarseness; sandy. As an action word, coarseness has the accompanying implications: to radiate a granulating sound to spread or spread with coarseness to make the teeth pound or mesh Note: Speakers consenting to something without wanting to are said to talk through gritted teeth. Coarseness has modern employments. Sandpaper is reviewed by coarseness running from coarse to fine. Coarseness can be added to a last sealer coat to build the coefficient of grinding. A few sorts of coarseness are taken care of to confined flying creatures as a guide to assimilation. Undesirable coarseness is another issue: Ã I saw yesterday at noon that I had a bit of coarseness in my eye under the cover. We live in the desert and ourÃ¢ breadÃ¢ contains a great deal ofÃ¢ grit. Strolling shoeless on hot orÃ¢ grittyÃ¢ surfaces for expanded periods can cause foot rankles. Ã The metaphorical utilization of coarseness to mean, solidness or robustness of character, started as nineteenth-century US slang. The epic True Grit takes its title from this feeling of the word. In the film, Colonel Stonehill asks Mattie Ross for what reason she picked Rooster Cogburn to assist her with discovering her dads executioner: Ã Col. Stonehill: Do you engage plans of regularly leaving this city? Mattie Ross: Yes, Im off early tomorrow first thing for the Indian country. Marshal Rooster Cogburn and I are pursuing the killer, Tom Chaney. Col. Stonehill: Cogburn. How could you light on that oily drifter? Mattie Ross: They state he has coarseness. I needed a man with coarseness. Ã The most well-known non-literal importance of dirty is, cruel; grim; unsparingly reasonable: Ã Before Sam Spade, Hammett earned popularity for his coarse analyst fiction highlighting the Continental Op, an anonymous private criminologist in San Francisco. Some computer games have been depicted in aÃ¢ film noirÃ¢ style, utilizing heavy,Ã¢ gritty, grimy urban topics. It [the Hudson Yards area] was previously a coarse stretch of Manhattan known for rail yards, distribution centers and maturing mechanical structures, so forlorn it was named The Wild, Wild West. Ã On account of a book by instructive analyst Angela Duckworth, coarseness has become a trendy expression in the training foundation. In her book, named Grit, the word is characterized as the quality that empowers people to try sincerely and adhere to their drawn out interests and objectives. Courses and methods are being created to educate coarseness. In this unique situation, the descriptor coarse is utilized to mean, having coarseness. At the point when I was a youngster, adults alluded to such characteristics with words like character and get up and go, characterized as follows: character thing: The aggregate of the good and mental characteristics which recognize a person. moxie thing: activity, goals, and exertion. Back then, training coarseness at school would have been viewed as silly. Youngsters with guardians like the ones in my more distant family had a beginning on coarseness before they at any point got the chance to class. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SIn Search of a 4-Dot Ellipsis25 Favorite Portmanteau Words
Saturday, August 22, 2020
The beneath data is a harsh guide dependent on the data from the jobs4you site. There are more than 500,000 individuals that work in the imaginative and social abilities zone of work, there are more than 62,000 innovative organizations in the UK, and 94% of the organizations just utilize 10 individuals per year, so being an expressions executive is a serious region of work to get into. There are openings all through the entire of the UK, in broad daylight and private associations. You can find a new line of work in theater, show lobbies, displays, historical centers, presentations and celebrations, and so forth. Employments for administrator are publicized in the nearby and national press, and through magazines, for example, the Arts Professional and The Stage. Capabilities Most of the businesses request GCSEs at A-C in English and Maths, likewise it assists with having some significant work understanding. A few expressions directors have proceeded to finish a degree, there are numerous degrees that offer pertinent experience, for instance business contemplates, expressions the executives, music, show or visual expressions. The degrees regularly keep going for a long time, section for a degree is typically in any event two A levels. Section for grown-ups is somewhat harder, so pertinent work experience is required, for instance: Administration or secretarial work, promoting or advertising, money, performing expressions, for instance as an artist or entertainer. Access courses are accessible for individuals that donÃ¢â¬â¢t have the applicable capabilities, and who might want to consider a degree. In this activity, numerous individuals train at work, yet they can take short courses to help create or to deliver new aptitudes. There are numerous NVQs and SVQs that are applicable, these include: * NVQ/SVQ levels 3 and 4 in business and organization * NVQ/SVQ levels 2,3,4 and 5 in social legacy. An advancements administrator in the music business is had practical experience in finding any open doors in exposure, this can be for a wide range of specialists, for instance a vocalist or instrumentalist. advancements directors may work with record marks and individual artists or groups.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Michelangelo - Essay Example culture of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Europe is spoken to as a renouncement of medieval qualities for the restoration of the way of life of antiquated Greece and RomeÃ¢â¬ (Campbell, 2004, v-vi). The period is portrayed fundamentally by a reestablished center around the imagery and expertise spoke to in the works of art of the old world. To the individuals that confronted these remainders each day, for example, the individuals who lived in Rome and different pieces of Italy, the remaining parts of structures and sculpture from the antiquated world spoke to a brilliant period of shared culture, reason and inventiveness all through the locale. This pull together on the great styles, subjects and creative information are exemplified in progress of Michelangelo Buonarroti who took in his craft in the capital of this blooming resurrection, the city of Florence. A comprehension of his life assists with demonstrating the extraordinary affectability he had in embraced his numerous cen terpieces, including painting, figure and engineering. Michelangelo Buonarroti was really conceived in the town of Caprese in 1475, yet was moved to Florence not long after his introduction to the world when his dad lost the governorship of Caprese one month after his introduction to the world. In view of his motherÃ¢â¬â¢s established delicacy, Michelangelo was given to a wet medical attendant who ended up being the little girl and spouse of stonecutters, giving the little Michelangelo his first prologue to the stone and instruments that would one day put him on the map, a starting he could always remember. Ã¢â¬Å"If I have anything great in my ability, this has come to me from having been conceived in the virtue of the demeanor of your Arezzo open country; and furthermore from having gotten with the milk of my wet medical caretaker, the etch and sledge with which I make my figures,Ã¢â¬ Michelangelo told his companion and biographer (refered to in Labella, 1990, p. 44). His mom passed on when Michelangelo was just six, and he remain ed removed from the remainder of his family all through a mind-blowing rest as his siblings brought into the world both when him were raised
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
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