Help:Wiki University HTML-- Position - Absolute
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ABSOLUTE POSITIONING[edit | edit source]
 - It is like relative positioning, but it differs as it does not create a space in the flow of the page.
 - Absolute position will cover up anything in that spot even another absolute positioned object.
Here is an object which we place 120 pixels from the top and 120 pixels from the left side of the page.
 - NOTICE our object covers part of the sidebar.
Here is the coding for our absolute positioned object:
 - NOTICE position:absolute.
 - NOTICE left:120px. If we had used left:220px, the sidebar would not be covered.
 - NOTICE top:400px.
 - So what happens if you don't specify the position in pixels? It is placed up against the object above it.
 - One of the main problems with absolute positioning; if you add new material the absolute positioned object will not move like relative positioning does.
 - In order for absolute positioned objects to move with the flow you have to place absolute positioned objects INSIDE relative positioned objects.
 - Relative positioned objects WILL MOVE even if there is an absolute position object inside of it.
 - Here is an example of a relative positioned object that has a red border with an absolute positioned blue box placed inside it.
 - Here's the coding:

 - NOTICE the absolute positioned blue box coding is between the opening and closing div tags in red.
 - You can have as many absolute positioned objects as you want between the opening and closing div tags of relative positioned objects.
 1. Make this object an absolute positioned object 0 pixels from the left and 0 pixels from the top to appear inside a relative positioned object with width of 400 pixels, height of 200 pixels and a red border one pixel thick.
 2. Take your answer above and move the relative object with the absolute object inside 150 pixel to the left and 50 pixel from the top:
 3. Take your answer from no. 2 and move the absolute object inside the relative object 150px to the left and down 25px from the top.
 Quick Quiz
 - Absolute positioning places objects in relation to the edge and top of the page.
 A. True
 B. False
 - Absolute positioning does not cover objects placed before it was.
 A. True
 B. False
 - Absolute positioning covers up all objects that follow it.
 A. True
 B. False


text:
Fracture patterns and their origin in the Upper Devonian Antrim Shale gas reservoir of the Michigan basin: A review
Robert T. Ryder
Open-File Report 96-23
PATTERNS OF GAS PRODUCTION AND CHEMISTRY OF ASSOCIATED RESERVOIR WATER
The influence of fractures on gas production is demonstrated by a plot of fracture frequency, measured from fracture-detection logs in three wells in Otsego County, against gas production from these wells (Decker, 1992). The plot shows a direct relationship between fracture frequency and gas production. The three wells used in the plot were also used in fracture studies by Decker and others (1992) and Caramanica (1993). Gas production from the three wells, measured over 24 hours, ranged from 243 to 500 thousand cubic feet of gas per day (MCFGPD). Accompanying water production from the wells ranged from 25 to 85 barrels of water per day (BWPD). All the wells are vertical, received similar stimulation treatment, and were tested for their gas yield at similar times in their production history.
Average gas production for Otsego County wells in March 1993 was contoured by Richards, Walter, and others (1994). A strong northeast-southwest trend in the 100- and 200-MCFGPD contours imply that "sweet spots" in the producing trend are controlled by the northeast-southwest fracture set. Moreover, contoured variations in water chemistry (e.g. HCO3- ion) across the gas-producing trend show the same northeast-southwest trend as the gas production (Walter and others, 1993; Richards, Walter, and others, 1994).
Gas production superimposed on the 28-township regional structure map of Decker and others (1992)(fig. 8) provides an insight to the influence of largeand small-scale structures on gas production and fracture frequency. Because most gas production in the Antrim Shale is reported by lease or project rather than by well, it is expressed on the map as average gas flow rates per quarter township. The highest gas production per quarter township in the region, 100 to 225 MCFGPD, is in south-central to southeastern Otsego County (fig. 8) where structures are characterized by small-scale flexures and terraces (Decker and others, 1992). Somewhat surprisingly, the production is rather low (12 to 86 MCFGPD) along the prominent southeast-plunging anticlinal nose in western Otsego County shown on 1:1,000,000 scale maps by Fisher (1980). The one exception is an 8 sq mi area in western Otsego County and adjoining Antrim County where gas production ranges from 113 to 123 MCFGPD (fig. 8).
A comparison of gas production and structural configuration in the 4-township "sweet spot" of southern Otsego County also shows that the best gas production, and probably the highest fracture frequency, is not necessarily associated with the most obvious anticlines and anticlinal noses(fig. 9). Production assigned to each of the 200+ wells in the data set was prorated from net production data for a given lease. Although good production rates in the 4-township area are associated with the easily recognized southto southwest-plunging anticlinal nose interrupted by small-scale flexures and terraces, better production is generally located on the west flank of the structure (fig. 10).
Created by the EERT WWW Staff.
U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
Maintained by Publishing Services
Last modified: 21:16:51 Thu 10 Jan 2013
Privacy statement | General disclaimer | Accessibility

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Word Origin & History
O.E. forcippian "to pare away by cutting," v. form of cipp "small piece of wood," perhaps from PIE base *keipo- "sharp post" (cf. Du. kip "small strip of wood," L. cippus "post, stake, beam"). Sense of "break off fragments" is 18c. Noun is attested by early 14c.; meaning "counter used in a game of chance"
is first recorded 1840; electronics sense is from 1962. Used for thin slices of foodstuffs (originally fruit) since 1769; specific ref. to potatoes is from 1859 (in "A Tale of Two Cities"); potato chip is attested by 1886. Meaning "piece of dried dung" first attested 1846. To chip in "contribute" (1861) may come from card-playing. Potato chip is 1859. Chip of the old block is used by Milton (1642); earlier form was chip of the same block (1621); more common modern phrase with off in place of of is early 20c. To have a chip on one's shoulder is from at least 1820s, U.S., from the custom of a boy determined to fight putting a chip on his shoulder and defying another to knock it off. Chip in "contribute" is 1861, Amer.Eng.


text:
Irish Women Dramatists, _PHONE_. Edited by Eileen Kearney and Charlotte Headrick. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2015, 343 pp.
In their chapter, "Damned If You Do; Damned If You Don't" in Performing Feminisms in Contemporary Ireland (Carysfort Press, 2013), Charlotte Headrick and John Countryman identify several factors impeding greater productions of plays by Irish women dramatists. Obstacles include single-authored work as privileged over collaborative or devised work; the favoring of male playwrights by producers and critics; an assumption that plays by women only address so-called women's issues or interests; and, the rejection of plays that espouse feminist ideals. These obstacles, they argue, have stunted the development of women dramatists for the past century. In an effort to reinvigorate the larger discussion and dissemination of plays by Irish women, Headrick and Eileen Kearney have now published the first anthology of Irish women playwrights since Cathy Leeney's 2001 Seen and Heard: Six New Plays by Irish Women.
Irish Women Dramatists, _PHONE_ includes a diverse range of women's writing, demonstrating the breadth of sociopolitical issues that women have dramatized over the past century. Although Irish women have a strong tradition of writing poetry and fiction, Headrick and Kearney view playwriting as the most public, social, and collaborative form of expression. This is significant, they argue, in relation to the history of Irish women's confinement to the domestic sphere, which is inherently private and individualistic. Thus, women who engage in playwriting are fundamentally rejecting calls for Irish women to remain quiet, private, and confined. In order to promote greater understanding of women's contributions to the Irish theatrical canon, the editors selected seven excellent plays by significant playwrights.
The anthology begins with Lady Gregory's The Workhouse Ward (1908). The play follows two disgruntled, misanthropic paupers who humorously and constantly bicker, ensuring their own downfall. The King of Spain's Daughter (1935) demonstrates the development of Teresa Deevy's writing by highlighting the play's "flighty protagonist, Annie Kinsella, [as] the literary precursor of Deevy's most well known character, Katie Roche" (42). Anne Le Marquand Hartigan, who is known primarily for her poetry, is included next. I Do Like to Be Beside the Seaside (1984) is set in an assisted living facility and addresses the complex issues of aging, independence, illness, romance, and death. This historical leap from plays of the 1930s to 1984 is not adequately explained, however, in the anthology's introduction. This gap further demonstrates the need for a scholarly narrative about why and how women dramatists have been excluded from Irish theater history and what conditions prevented them from having a greater impact leading up to the 1980s.
The next play, Delores Walshe's The Stranded Hours Between (1989), is set in South Africa during apartheid. A couple camping in Kruger National Park must confront their prejudices when they take in an injured refugee fleeing from the Mozambican Civil War. This play, which is published here for the first time, is ripe for scholarly analysis with clear influences from Brian Friel's Translations (1980). Like Friel, Walshe uses the conceit of her characters speaking several different languages (English, Afrikaan, and Xhosa) while having all the dialogue performed in English. Similar themes about language, communication, translation and a colonizer's subjugation of an oppressed people are rife throughout the play. The last three plays included in the volume were produced between _PHONE_. Patricia Burke Brogan's seminal Eclipsed (1992) is set in the Magdalene Laundries; Jennifer Johnston's monologue play Twinkletoes (1993) centers around an IRA prisoner's wife; and, Nicola McCartney's Heritage (2001) addresses the power of identity, tradition, mythology, and history to shape the lives of Irish emigrants.
The introduction to the anthology includes a broad strokes overview of the development of theater in Ireland stemming from the elite English-language theater of the ruling class during the 17th century. Kearney and Headrick are careful to distinguish this early theater in Ireland as fundamentally different from "Irish drama," which was fully realized during the Irish Literary Revival of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They briefly mention that the first examples of women's theatrical contributions were primarily associated with the nationalist women's organization Inginidhe na hEireann and suffragette Alice Milligan's nationalist drama and tableaux. Greater analysis of the impact of these early nationalist and feminist plays would have strengthened the introduction and given readers a better understanding of the complex historical development of women dramatists in Ireland. While the editors cite the importance of community theater in producing women dramatists in the early 1900s, they also present it as evidence that women have historically been (and continue to be) marginalized into amateur theater. They also identify an intriguing trend (deserving of greater research)—that many early women playwrights had extremely short-lived careers with only one or two plays professionally staged before they turned to other forms of writing (poetry/fiction). The editors list twenty-three dramatists who had a few plays produced in Ireland between 1902 to 1913, before retreating from playwriting altogether. Headrick and Kearney also identify distinctly different voices and perspectives in the early nationalist plays of male versus female playwrights. Male dramatists, they argue, focused on "action and fighting on a community or national level" while female playwrights focused on "the personal level, on the connections between those involved" (7).
Following a brief overview of the development of an indigenous Irish drama, Headrick and Kearney provide the sociopolitical context for the development of women playwrights. By severely limiting their engagement in education, politics, and employment during the first half of the twentieth century, the Irish government and the Catholic Church restricted women to the domestic sphere, emphasizing their roles as mothers and wives. Headrick and Kearney seem to suggest that because women were actively excluded from formal politics, they were, de facto, also excluded from professional theater (which is often viewed as an inherently political act). They speculate that many talented women dramatists were prevented from having long-term theatrical careers (and thus turned to more socially acceptable modes of writing) because of the strong male patriarchy that made it objectionable for women to participate in inherently public and political acts like the theater. The strongest aspect of the introduction is the list that Kearney and Headrick compile of dozens of women playwrights from the twentieth century whose plays and stories have yet to be fully recognized or analyzed. This listing of women dramatists is an important way of marking and publically recording women's contributions, despite the lack of research, historiography, or analysis that has been done on their plays. It is now up to a new generation of Irish theater scholars to mine the puzzle pieces from decades of lost women playwrights to better understand exactly why and how women's marginalization from Irish theater was so profound until the 1980s and what challenges stubbornly remain that continue to restrict the flourishing of more women dramatists today.
Another strength of the volume is that Kearney and Headrick are careful to include the often-overlooked influence and success of Northern women dramatists. The editors acknowledge not only the contributions of well-known playwrights Marie Jones, Christina Reid, and Anne Devlin but also the influence of women-led theater companies such as Charabanc and Big Telly and of newer dramatists such as Abbie Spallen, Morna Reagan, Lisa McGee, Lucy Caldwell, and others. Indeed, two of the seven plays included in the anthology are from Northern-based playwrights Jennifer Johnston and Nicola McCartney. Although Northern women's contributions are routinely marginalized within Irish theater scholarship, Kearney and Headrick are careful to acknowledge that Northern women dramatists and practitioners have constituted a significant portion of women's success in Irish theater since the 1980s.
Kearney and Headrick firmly believe that "women see and experience the world differently than men do, so they write about it differently" (24). Highlighting women's writing in this anthology is a way of celebrating and acknowledging those differences while also hopefully raising the profile of Irish women dramatists. Greater recognition of women playwrights will hopefully encourage more professional productions of their plays, greater scholarship and classroom discussion, and potentially encourage more women to write. However, concern about ghettoizing women's work into a separate or lesser category of "women's drama" has arguably prevented more Irish publications, festivals, and productions from focusing on women's dramatic contributions. But, as Patrick Lonergan notes in his entry "There are no women playwrights?" from his blog Scenes from the Bigger Picture, the distinction must be drawn between "women's drama" and "drama written by women." The former category is often used for commercial/promotional purposes and associates this genre with "women's interests" such as romance, child-rearing, and female friendships. The later category simply encompasses the wide range of diverse topics that women are dramatizing. Kearney and Headrick's anthology falls firmly in the later category, taking time and care to demonstrate the breadth of form, subject matter, and theme that Irish women playwrights have addressed over the twentieth century. And, hopefully, the volume will also encourage a new generation of Irish drama scholars to dig in and uncover this lost but rich history of Irish women dramat

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
If you've found a bug in Proton Mail, you can report it directly to us. In this article, we look at how to report a bug using our web app (browser).
How to report a bug using our web app
1. Log in to Proton Mail at mail.proton.me(new window). Click on your account name and go to Get help → Report a problem.
2. Fill in our bug report form.
Please include the following details in your report:
- Email address: Your address is added automatically.
- Category: Select the closest match from the dropdown menu.
- What happened: A description of the error. This should ideally include a description of the bug, plus any other information that might be useful (such as what happened just before the issue occurred). If the bug is reproducible, a step-by-step record of exactly what actions result in the bug would be a great help.
- Attach screenshots: If possible, please upload screenshots that show the bug.
- System information: Basic system information is sent to us automatically when you file a bug report. Click the arrow next to System information to view the information being submitted.
3. Click Submit when you are done.


Prolonging The Half-Life Of Biopharmaceutical Proteins
September 18, 2009
Biotech innovation could extend dosing intervals, simplify production
Many biopharmaceuticals comprise small proteins that are quickly eliminated from the body. Scientists at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) combine such small proteins with a kind of molecular balloon that swells and thus prolongs the half-life of the proteins in the body. The TUM spin-off XL-Protein GmbH has now started to further develop this new technology with blockbuster potential.
People who suffer from hepatitis B are often treated with the tissue hormone interferon. However, there is a problem: Interferon is a very small protein, which is filtered from the blood via the kidneys after only a short time. For the patient this means a high-dose injection every other day to keep the effect of the substance from wearing off prematurely.
However, interferon stays in the body much longer when chemically coupled with a synthetic PEG (polyethylene glycol) molecule. PEG is a random coil long-chain polymer string that swells by adsorbing water. That way the PEG molecule becomes large enough that it does not fit through the fine pores of the kidneys "" the attached interferon remains in the circulatory system longer, and the patient will need an injection only every one to two weeks.
Using genetic engineering, TU Muenchen scientist Prof. Arne Skerra and his coworkers from the Chair of Biological Chemistry at the Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan have now developed an amino acid string that tangles up similarly to PEG and also swells in the presence of water. However, unlike many PEG compounds, there is no danger of this biological polymer accumulating in the body. In fact "" over an extended period of time "" it is discharged or biologically broken down. That happens because this amino acid string (polypeptide) consists of three of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids: proline, alanine and serine, or in short, PAS.
The protein substance interferon, which itself consists of amino acids, can thus be easily generated in "PASylated" form. In first trials with animals, TUM scientists established that PASyated interferon has a half-life in the blood that is prolonged by a factor of 60, which should allow a significant extension of dosing intervals during medicinal therapy.
A further advantage is the simplified biotechnological production: The DNA segments carrying the information for the PAS amino acid sequence and for the interferon can simply be attached to each other and then, for instance, used for transforming bacteria. The bacteria then produce the PASylated interferon in one piece, thus making much fewer production steps necessary in comparison with the chemical coupling of PEG. According to Skerra, "this will lead to a significant drop in production cost."
In principle all small proteins currently used as medication or in development in pharmaceutical companies "" for example, growth factors or functional antibody fragments "" can be PASylated. Thus there could be a huge market for the new technology. Consequently, Prof. Skerra and his team initiated the founding of a new biotech company, XL-Protein GmbH (_URL_), which started its operations last spring. "Our technology has the potential to give birth to a whole new generation of blockbuster medications," the TUM biochemist is convinced. Several of the new drugs are already at an advanced stage of preclinical development.
On the Net:
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text:
In Ohio, children three years of age and older who need significant modifications in their educational programs may be eligible for special-education services through their school district. I asked Lee Ann Derugen, co-director of the Ohio Coalition for the Education of Children with Disabilities in Marion, to give us a quick overview of special education in Ohio and suggest some things parents can do to get started.
Who should a parent in Ohio contact about having a child classified for special education?The parent should send a letter to contact the principal of the building their child would attend requesting an initial evaluation to determine if their child qualifies for special-education services. [Download the booklet "Whose IDEA Is This? A Parents Guide to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004," which explains Ohio's special-education procedures.]
What does special education look like in Ohio?Special education means specially designed instruction, at no cost to the parents, to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability. Instruction may be conducted in a classroom, in the home, in hospitals and institutions, and in other settings as determined by the IEP team.
Do you have any advice about special education in Ohio?Parents need to document, document, and document.
+ + +
About Ohio Coalition for the Education of Children with Disabilities: OCECD is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the educational interests of children with disabilities. OCECD offers information, training and support to parents of children with any disability, ages 0-26. Parents new to the site can start by calling the 800 number listed under "Need Assistance?" Next, click on the tabs for Trainings and for Resources.


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Over 50,000 Costume and Textile Artifacts
The costume and textile collection at the Museum spans the breadth of Chicago's history and is particularly strong in materials from the late 19th century to the present. The Museum's extensive designer collection, ranging from Charles Worth gowns to the innovative designs of Yohji Yamamoto, has earned an international reputation.
Made in Chicago
Many artifacts in the Museum's collection were made by Chicago's dressmakers, milliners, and manufacturers. Future collecting will also focus on Chicago's once-thriving garment industry.
From George Washington to Michael Jordan
The costume collection has a number of items worn by prominent Chicagoans and Americans. These include objects belonging to Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln, Michael Jordan's basketball uniform, and Mahalia Jackson's choir robe. The earliest pieces include suits worn by George Washington and John Adams.
Clothing as Historical Artifact
New emphasis on the significance of clothing as historical artifacts has increased interest in the collection. Recent acquisitions include clothing documenting 19thand 20th-century work attire, such as uniforms of nurses, police officers, flight attendants, and a bell hop, as well as clothing from Chicago's immigrant communities.


_USER_{NBERw14349, title = "Real-Time Measurement of Business Conditions", author = "S. Boragan Aruoba and Francis X. Diebold and Chiara Scotti", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "14349", year = "2008", month = "September", doi = {10.3386/w14349}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {We construct a framework for measuring economic activity at high frequency, potentially in real time. We use a variety of stock and flow data observed at mixed frequencies (including very high frequencies), and we use a dynamic factor model that permits exact filtering. We illustrate the framework in a prototype empirical example and a simulation study calibrated to the example.}, }


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Contents of /code/trunk/doc/pcrecallout.3
Parent Directory Parent Directory | Revision Log Revision Log
Revision 954 - (show annotations)
Sat Mar 31 18:09:26 2012 UTC (3 years, 5 months ago) by ph10
File size: 8600 byte(s)
1.TH PCRECALLOUT 3 "08 January 2012" "PCRE 8.30"
3 PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions
5.rs
6.sp
8.PP
9.B int (*pcre16_callout)(pcre16_callout_block *);
10.PP
11 PCRE provides a feature called "callout", which is a means of temporarily
12 passing control to the caller of PCRE in the middle of pattern matching. The
13 caller of PCRE provides an external function by putting its entry point in the
14 global variable \fIpcre_callout\fP (\fIpcre16_callout\fP for the 16-bit
15 library). By default, this variable contains NULL, which disables all calling
16 out.
17.P
18 Within a regular expression, (?C) indicates the points at which the external
19 function is to be called. Different callout points can be identified by putting
20 a number less than 256 after the letter C. The default value is zero.
21 For example, this pattern has two callout points:
22.sp
23 (?C1)abc(?C2)def
24.sp
25 If the PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT option bit is set when a pattern is compiled, PCRE
26 automatically inserts callouts, all with number 255, before each item in the
27 pattern. For example, if PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT is used with the pattern
28.sp
29 A(\ed{2}|--)
30.sp
31 it is processed as if it were
32.sp
34.sp
35 Notice that there is a callout before and after each parenthesis and
36 alternation bar. Automatic callouts can be used for tracking the progress of
37 pattern matching. The
38.\" HREF
39 \fBpcretest\fP
40.\"
41 command has an option that sets automatic callouts; when it is used, the output
42 indicates how the pattern is matched. This is useful information when you are
43 trying to optimize the performance of a particular pattern.
44.P
45 The use of callouts in a pattern makes it ineligible for optimization by the
46 just-in-time compiler. Studying such a pattern with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE
47 option always fails.
48.
49.
51.rs
52.sp
53 You should be aware that, because of optimizations in the way PCRE matches
54 patterns by default, callouts sometimes do not happen. For example, if the
55 pattern is
56.sp
57 ab(?C4)cd
58.sp
62 no match, the callout is obeyed.
63.P
64 If the pattern is studied, PCRE knows the minimum length of a matching string,
65 and will immediately give a "no match" return without actually running a match
67 been scanned far enough.
68.P
69 You can disable these optimizations by passing the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE
70 option to the matching function, or by starting the pattern with
71 (*NO_START_OPT). This slows down the matching process, but does ensure that
72 callouts such as the example above are obeyed.
73.
74.
76.rs
77.sp
78 During matching, when PCRE reaches a callout point, the external function
79 defined by \fIpcre_callout\fP or \fIpcre16_callout\fP is called (if it is set).
80 This applies to both normal and DFA matching. The only argument to the callout
81 function is a pointer to a \fBpcre_callout\fP or \fBpcre16_callout\fP block.
82 These structures contains the following fields:
83.sp
84 int \fIversion\fP;
85 int \fIcallout_number\fP;
86 int *\fIoffset_vector\fP;
87 const char *\fIsubject\fP; (8-bit version)
88 PCRE_SPTR16 \fIsubject\fP; (16-bit version)
89 int \fIsubject_length\fP;
90 int \fIstart_match\fP;
91 int \fIcurrent_position\fP;
92 int \fIcapture_top\fP;
93 int \fIcapture_last\fP;
94 void *\fIcallout_data\fP;
95 int \fIpattern_position\fP;
96 int \fInext_item_length\fP;
97 const unsigned char *\fImark\fP; (8-bit version)
98 const PCRE_UCHAR16 *\fImark\fP; (16-bit version)
99.sp
100 The \fIversion\fP field is an integer containing the version number of the
102 number will change again in future if additional fields are added, but the
103 intention is never to remove any of the existing fields.
104.P
105 The \fIcallout_number\fP field contains the number of the callout, as compiled
107 automatically generated callouts).
108.P
109 The \fIoffset_vector\fP field is a pointer to the vector of offsets that was
111 \fBpcre16_exec()\fP is used, the contents can be inspected, in order to extract
112 substrings that have been matched so far, in the same way as for extracting
113 substrings after a match has completed. For the DFA matching functions, this
114 field is not useful.
115.P
116 The \fIsubject\fP and \fIsubject_length\fP fields contain copies of the values
117 that were passed to the matching function.
118.P
119 The \fIstart_match\fP field normally contains the offset within the subject at
120 which the current match attempt started. However, if the escape sequence \eK
121 has been encountered, this value is changed to reflect the modified starting
122 point. If the pattern is not anchored, the callout function may be called
123 several times from the same point in the pattern for different starting points
124 in the subject.
125.P
126 The \fIcurrent_position\fP field contains the offset within the subject of the
127 current match pointer.
128.P
129 When the \fBpcre_exec()\fP or \fBpcre16_exec()\fP is used, the
130 \fIcapture_top\fP field contains one more than the number of the highest
131 numbered captured substring so far. If no substrings have been captured, the
133 functions are used, because they do not support captured substrings.
134.P
135 The \fIcapture_last\fP field contains the number of the most recently captured
137 the case for the DFA matching functions.
138.P
139 The \fIcallout_data\fP field contains a value that is passed to a matching
140 function specifically so that it can be passed back in callouts. It is passed
141 in the \fIcallout_data\fP field of a \fBpcre_extra\fP or \fBpcre16_extra\fP
143 a callout block is NULL. There is a description of the \fBpcre_extra\fP
144 structure in the
145.\" HREF
146 \fBpcreapi\fP
147.\"
148 documentation.
149.P
150 The \fIpattern_position\fP field is present from version 1 of the callout
151 structure. It contains the offset to the next item to be matched in the pattern
152 string.
153.P
154 The \fInext_item_length\fP field is present from version 1 of the callout
155 structure. It contains the length of the next item to be matched in the pattern
156 string. When the callout immediately precedes an alternation bar, a closing
158 precedes an opening parenthesis, the length is that of the entire subpattern.
159.P
160 The \fIpattern_position\fP and \fInext_item_length\fP fields are intended to
161 help in distinguishing between different automatic callouts, which all have the
162 same callout number. However, they are set for all callouts.
163.P
165 callouts from \fBpcre_exec()\fP or \fBpcre16_exec()\fP it contains a pointer to
169 callouts from the DFA matching functions this field always contains NULL.
170.
171.
173.rs
174.sp
175 The external callout function returns an integer to PCRE. If the value is zero,
176 matching proceeds as normal. If the value is greater than zero, matching fails
177 at the current point, but the testing of other matching possibilities goes
179 zero, the match is abandoned, the matching function returns the negative value.
180.P
181 Negative values should normally be chosen from the set of PCRE_ERROR_xxx
182 values. In particular, PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH forces a standard "no match" failure.
183 The error number PCRE_ERROR_CALLOUT is reserved for use by callout functions;
184 it


text:
that correlate with short survival times for patients with glioblastoma.
Several university-operated visualization tools can address this question. Oncoprints at MSKCC cBio Portal show survival curves associated with genomic alterations in the Survival tab. Alternatively, the University of California Santa Cruz Cancer Genomics Browser lets you probe associations between an array of clinical parameters and genomic data for many data sets. Click on Cancer Genomics Browser at the top of the menu on the left to be directed to the list of data sets. After choosing a data set, click on the Heatmap box in the tab that appears on the right to view genomic and clinical heat maps. You can explore associations between a clinical feature and genomic changes by clicking the Features button above the clinical heat map. This opens a window in which you can create two patient groups based on various differences, say, in age at diagnosis. Select Student's T-test from the Statistic drop-down menu and hit Generate Statistics to view all the statistically significant genomic differences between the groups: red bars and green bars indicate that genomic variation is more likely in group 1 or group 2, respectively. You can zoom in to get genomic data from individual samples, which are arranged vertically above the corresponding chromosomal position, says Jing Zhu, who manages the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser. She encourages researchers who want more information about these clinical parameters to contact her team at _EMAIL_.


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Butterflies are some of the most beautiful and colorful creatures that nature has to offer.
Their patterns and colors carry so many stories.
Within their vibrant world, there exists a unique and captivating butterfly that sparks curiosity and wonder: the black and blue butterfly.
The blue and black butterfly is often seen as a symbol of transformation, rebirth, and profound spiritual growth. Think of it as the universe's way of nudging you towards a path of enlightenment and self-discovery.
Blue and black butterflies are actually some of the rarest butterflies you can spot. So it comes as no surprise that this mysterious winged being also holds a profound spiritual significance.
The color black is known for holding mystery and depth. The color blue is said to evoke a sense of calm, serenity, and spiritual connection.
So when you put these two colors together on a magical creature like the butterfly, the significance becomes immensely powerful.
There are several rich interpretations and messages that we can get from black and blue butterflies.
So in this article, we are diving into ancient wisdom and cultural beliefs to shed light on the true meaning of these beautiful butterflies.
- 1 What Does It Mean to See a Blue and Black Butterfly?
- 2 Meaning of Black and Blue Butterfly Flying Around You
- 3 Black and Blue Butterfly Meaning in the Bible
- 4 The Spiritual Meaning Behind the Colors: Blue and Black
- 5 How Does the Symbolism of a Black Butterfly Differ from a Blue One?
- 6 What Does the Blue Butterfly Emoji Mean in Spiritual Contexts?
- 7 Black and Blue Swallowtail Butterfly Meaning
- 8 Rebirth and Renewal: How Blue and Black Butterflies Symbolize New Beginnings
- 9 Fertility and the Blue and Black Butterfly: A Timeless Connection
- 10 How Do Blue Butterflies Influence Spiritual Growth and Inner Peace?
- 11 Black and Blue Butterly Meaning – Final Words
What Does It Mean to See a Blue and Black Butterfly?
Ever wondered why the universe sent that blue and black butterfly your way? It's not just a random fly-by. This butterfly carries a dozen divine messages, each tailored just for you. Let's flutter through them together.
1. Embrace Your Transformation
Just as the butterfly emerges from its cocoon, you too, are on the brink of a significant change. The universe is nudging you: it's time to spread those wings and soar!
2. Trust Your Intuition
The deep blue of the butterfly signals a call to trust your gut. Feel that inner pull? It's your intuition speaking. Listen closely.
3. Unravel the Mysteries Within
Black, the color of the unknown, beckons you to explore the depths of your soul. What secrets are you holding onto? Dive in and discover.
4. Luck is on Your Side
This butterfly is a harbinger of good fortune. Whether it's in love, career, or personal growth, expect some positive vibes coming your way.
5. You're Destined for Greatness
The universe doesn't send this butterfly to just anyone. It's a sign that you're on a path to achieve something truly remarkable.
6. Recharge Spiritually
Feeling drained? The butterfly's dance is a reminder to recharge your spiritual batteries. Seek solace in meditation or nature.
7. Love and Connection Await
This butterfly symbolizes deep connections. Whether it's rekindling old bonds or forging new ones, love is in the air.
8. Harness the Power of Duality
Black and blue together signify the balance of calm and mystery. Embrace both aspects in your life for a harmonious journey.
9. A New Adventure Awaits
Much like the butterfly's journey, you're about to embark on a new adventure. Pack your bags (spiritually speaking) and get ready!
10. Your Guardian Angels Are Near
Feel a protective aura? That's because this butterfly is a sign that your guardian angels are watching over you, guiding your path.
11. Release Past Baggage
The butterfly's fleeting nature is a reminder to let go of past hurts and regrets. It's time to move forward with grace.
12. Celebrate Your Uniqueness
Just as no two butterflies are the same, celebrate what makes you unique. The universe adores your individuality.
My Experience With Butterflies
If I were to choose one animal that represents me, it would be a butterfly. I LOVE butterflies and have always felt so close to them.
Mostly because they have gone through such difficult journeys. They have had a whole rebirth!
I love the idea of being able to seclude yourself in your own little cocoon and burst from it bigger and better than ever!
Growing up, I mostly had Monarch butterflies around me. However, one day I spotted a blue and black butterfly and I literally thought my eyes were playing tricks.
It was gorgeous!
It really made me stop and think about all the wondrous creatures that nature has to offer us and how blessed we are to see them.
See this related post about orange and black butterfly.
Meaning of Black and Blue Butterfly Flying Around You
Ever felt like you're not alone, especially when that blue and black butterfly seems to be doing a merry dance around you? Let's uncover the magic behind this celestial waltz.
1. A Message from the Universe
When a butterfly, especially one as special as the blue and black one, circles around you, it's not just a random flight pattern. It's the universe's way of saying, "Hey, I see you, and I've got a message for you."
2. You Have a Destiny
This isn't just any dance; it's a dance of destiny. The butterfly's flight pattern around you is a sign of protection, guidance, and a nudge toward your spiritual path.
3. Your Personal Guardian Messenger
Think of this butterfly as your personal messenger from the cosmos. It's here to guide, protect, and sometimes, just to remind you that you're loved and watched over.
4. Time to Reflect and Meditate
When this butterfly circles you, take a moment. Breathe in deeply, close your eyes, and meditate. What feelings or thoughts arise? This is your soul speaking.
5. Embrace the Energy
The energy of the blue and black butterfly is potent. Embrace it. Let it wash over, cleanse, and fill you with wisdom.
Black and Blue Butterfly Meaning in the Bible
Ever wondered how the ancient scriptures, like the Bible, view our mystical blue and black butterfly? While the Bible might not mention our butterfly explicitly, it's rich with symbols and metaphors that resonate with its essence. Ready to decode?
1. A Biblical Tale of Transformation
Remember the story of the resurrection? Just as Christ rose, the butterfly emerges, symbolizing rebirth, renewal, and a new beginning. Feeling the connection?
2. Trust the Divine
The butterfly's journey from caterpillar to its full glory is a testament to faith and perseverance. Similarly, the Bible teaches us to trust in the divine plan, even when the path seems uncertain.
3. The Colors Speak Volumes
Blue, often seen in biblical contexts, represents heaven, divinity, and truth. Black, on the other hand, can signify mystery or periods of waiting. Together, they paint a picture of life's spiritual journey.
4. Messages of Hope and Faith
Just as the butterfly spreads its wings against all odds, biblical stories inspire hope, urging us to believe in miracles and the power of faith.
5. Embracing Life's Seasons
The Bible teaches us that there's a time for everything. Similarly, the butterfly's life stages remind us to embrace each season of our lives, trusting that each brings its own blessings.
The Spiritual Meaning Behind the Colors: Blue and Black
Colors aren't just about aesthetics; they carry profound spiritual meanings. Ever paused to ponder what the colors blue and black on a butterfly might signify?
Let's explore this colorful journey together.
Blue: The Divine Whisper
Blue isn't just a hue; it's a heavenly whisper. Ever felt an inexplicable calm looking at the vast blue sky or the deep ocean? That's the universe speaking in color.
Blue is the color of intuition, inner wisdom, and spiritual insight. Feeling a bit lost? Let the blue guide you back to your inner compass.
Blue also symbolizes peace, serenity, and a depth of understanding. It's a gentle reminder to breathe, relax, and trust the journey.
Black: The Enigma Unveiled
Black, often misunderstood, is so much more than just the absence of light. It's the canvas of the cosmos, the backdrop against which stars shine brightest.
Black beckons you to explore the unknown, to embrace the mysteries of life and the universe.
Black is also a symbol of strength, resilience, and endurance. It reminds you of your inner power, urging you to stand tall, even in the face of adversity.
You should also read the spiritual meanings of a black and yellow butterfly.
A Symphony of Spiritual Significance
When blue and black come together, especially on the delicate wings of a butterfly, they create a symphony of spiritual messages. It's a dance of depth, mystery, intuition, and divine guidance.
How Does the Symbolism of a Black Butterfly Differ from a Blue One?
Ever found yourself pondering the individual magic of black and blue butterflies? While together, they create a mesmerizing dance of spiritual significance; each color has its own unique tale to tell.
Black Butterfly: Embracing the Shadows
The black butterfly isn't just about the night; it's about the magic that lies within the shadows.
Black urges you to delve deep, to explore the uncharted territories of your soul.
Black symbolizes strength, resilience,


Serve Creatives
Build Connections
Deepen the Creative Economy
The Foundry for Art Design + Culture is a social enterprise which serves to inspire economic opportunities in New York's Capital Region by fostering innovative collaborations between creatives, cultural and educational institutions, non-profits, businesses and civic institutions.
The Foundry's fundamental belief is that all creatives, regardless of their experience, should have the opportunity to maximize their potential, the confidence to seize opportunities and the wisdom to realize the importance of art, design and culture to society. For far too many creatives, this is not happening.
This is not just failing our creatives; it is failing society as a whole. Creatives are denied the chance to make a full contribution to society, and society loses the benefit of that contribution. The Foundry works to close this gap.
A survey headed by The Ford Foundation from 2002-2003 determined art and culture organizations bolster community engagement and cooperation, heighten the possibility for people to understand themselves and shift in the way they view the world, and support community pride and identity. Additionally, they found the arts play a role in the betterment of discarded buildings, sustain cultural heritage, convey ideals and history, unite cultural ethnic, and racial barriers, and further economic growth.


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For the past few years, ECO-Action has collaborated with American Rivers, West Atlanta Watershed Alliance, The Conservation Fund, Park Pride, the Atlanta Community Improvement Association, and the Metro Atlanta Urban Watershed Institute to build capacity and develop leadership for green infrastructure in the Intrenchment and Proctor Creek watershed communities. This work evolved and led to the creation of Atlanta Watershed Learning Network.
Proctor Creek in West Atlanta is a tributary of the Chattahoochee River. Intrenchment Creek in South Atlanta is a tributary of the South River, flowing into the Ocmulgee River. Both Proctor and Intrenchment Creeks begin in downtown Atlanta, where concrete sidewalks, roads, buildings, and parking lots prevent water from being absorbed into the ground. During heavy rain events, the water flows into nearby neighborhoods, causing flooding issues throughout the communities.
West Atlanta Watershed Alliance, residents are gaining knowledge about the causes of stormwater flooding, the health and economic impacts of flooding caused their communities, and how they can be empowered to advocate for sustainable solutions to these problems.
The sense of community and energy generated by the AWLN, inspired the organizers to expand the impact of the educational program and create the Watershed Learning Network.


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Darsh Ranjan '05
Department of Mathematics
This crystal grows on its black substrate from a pentagonal seed by reflecting it across its 5 vertices and rescaling the new pentagons by a factor of 0.61803..., the "golden mean," back towards the point of reflection, and repeating this for all the new pentagons, ad infinitum. Each seed can have its own rule to determine its color and the colors of its descendants. The growth of a single seed has finite area but infinite detail (possessing a fractal dimension of 2). This crystal is strange because crystals in nature do not possess 5-fold symmetry on any large scale, while this one can fill the entire plane very nicely with appropriately placed seeds. In understanding this shape, the arithmetic of the integers extended by the fifth roots of unity proves very helpful.


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The mission of our church is summarized in a single sentence:
CenterPoint Christian Fellowship exists to see unchurched people become disciples of Jesus Christ.
The spiritual transformation of Northern Nevada and the Mountain West through the power of Jesus Christ
Our Core Values
- Evangelism occurs primarily in relational contexts in family, work, neighborhood, and community settings and secondarily in outreach events that are easily accessible to seekers
- God's Word is consistently and relevantly taught in corporate worship, small groups, classes, personal discipleship, and through creative activities.
- Performing Arts are honored and utilized to the glory of God in a fashion relevant and accessible to seekers
- Community life in the church family is so honored that division and gossip are confronted quickly, clearly, and resolved in accordance with Biblical principles of fellowship and conflict resolution
- Spiritual gifts discovery and utilization are essential aspects of discipleship for every believer
- Ministry programs and activities are started, led, and grown by gifted men and women from the church family
- Support ministries are led by people with serving gifts. These people are regularly honored and affirmed
- Pastoral staff model ministry values of team, affirmation, and excellence through their teaching and relating with the church family
- We honor those God has gifted and called to authority. Those in authority exercise their leadership with humility and grace as servant-leaders
- Stewardship of God's financial resources is practiced, modeled, and taught with passion and clarity


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Rolls-Royce History: Frederick Royce and Charles Rolls got together in 1904 and formed Rolls-Royce Limited a couple of years later. In 1931 Rolls-Royce bought their primary competitor, Bentley Motors. In 1971 Rolls-Royce was over extended from developing the RB211 jet engine and England nationalized the company. In 1973 England sold off the car division so that Rolls and Royce could concentrate on Jet engines.
In 1998 Volkswagen bought Rolls-Royce Motors, consisting of Rolls-Royce and Bentley. However Rolls-Royce Limited (the jet engine makers) sold the name and logo to BMW. In 1998 BMW and Volkswagen made an alliance that said BMW would provide the engines and Volkswagen would build the cars. BMW purchased Rolls-Royce and Bentley From Volkswagen in 1998.


- WiliamsLearningSolutions
Science Education: Why Do Kids Need It?
Xiaoxin Lyu
Science. Some people love it, some people hate it-- but when it comes to education, it is part of the foundation of a well rounded student. We sat down with Xiaoxin Lyu to discuss exactly why science education is critical for student success.
Tell us a little about your background.
I received my Ph.D. in Science Education from Columbia University with a focus on research design and quantitative data analysis, user/ learner experience design, and educational leadership. I have participated in various research projects related to science teaching and learning and have worked with students from various backgrounds across grade levels for the last seven years. Previously, as a middle school science teacher in New York City, I designed and implemented project-based STEM curricula. This successfully promoted diverse learners' engagement and understanding of science. I also served as the Chemistry Chair at the Korean-American
Scientists and Engineers Association (New York) and orchestrated the Annual Chemistry
Olympic events among Youth.
Why did you join Williams Learning Solutions?
WLS believes that every kid shall have access to high-quality education and is aiming to provide it. This aligns with my philosophy of education.
What do you hope our products will achieve?
Our products will provide a wide spectrum of students with easy access to high-quality science inquiry. They are expected to actively construct knowledge and enjoy the process of learning science.
You specialize in Science Education. What would you like people to understand about it? What are the biggest challenges?
Science is not a subject or discipline that is too difficult to understand. It is everywhere; it
speaks to us about our world; we human beings use its wisdom to improve our lives, the
environment, and the society we live in. The education of science could come from regular school settings, form extracurricular activities, and more importantly, from everywhere and everything in our life. To some extent, everyone has access to it, yet, not everyone is thinking about it or pursuing it.
How to design a cohesive learning experience that promotes critical thinking and reasoning skills has been a challenge within science education for a long time. Nevertheless, with the rapid development of the world, particularly technology, we need to rethink about the roles of science education, how it overlaps with other disciplines, and what essential skillsets kids need to develop in order to succeed in the long run. This further pushes us to rethink about the appropriate approaches to foster learning, ways to represent knowledge or information, and how learners should be evaluated.
What do you believe is most important about science and its influence on early childhood
Young kids are always curious and ready to explore the world around them; this provides us a natural context for structuring their science learning experience. Through actively exploring the world around them, they develop important skill sets, such as logical reasoning and critical thinking, for life-long learning.
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07/21/2008SQL Manager for PostgreSQL version 4.4 released
We are pleased to announce the new minor version of SQL Manager for PostgreSQL - a high performance tool for PostgreSQL database administration and development. You can download the newest version from the download page.
What's new in SQL Manager for PostgreSQL 4.4?
- Backup Database and Restore Database wizards are added which allow you to perform backup and restore operations with pg_dump and pg_restore utilities available in PostgreSQL.
- Aggregate Editor. Added the support of aggregate functions with multiple arguments. The support of the sort operator is implemented for MINor MAX-like aggregates.
- Function Editor
- Added the support of planner options for PostgreSQL version 8.3.
- The shortcuts Ctrl+Up/Ctrl+Down are added to change the arguments order.
- When recreating a function, grants on this function were not restored. Fixed now.
- Data Grid.
- The Support of the PostGIS geometry type is implemented. You can view and edit the geometry columns in the Table Editor. Now in the SQL Editor you can also edit the columns based on the asEWKT and asText functions.
- The new option 'Use key and changed fields' (Environment Options | Grid | Data Options) is added to search for records on update or delete.
- Numeric values of high precision are now displayed and edited correctly.
- Function Debugger.
- The 'Run to cursor' command is added.
- If any syntax error is found, the number of the line with this error is now returned.
- Some errors of function execution are fixed; the support of new PL/pgSQL constructions is added.
- SQL Script.
- The support of the '\connect ' command is added to define the current database during the script execution.
- The 'Default directory for scripts' option located in the Database Registration Info dialog did not work. Fixed now.
- The support of CREATE RULE statements with ALSO clause is added. The end of the statement was identified incorrectly. Fixed now.
- After importing data into a table with the help of the Data Import wizard or after inserting records into the table in the editing mode, current sequence values are updated for the SERIAL and BIGSERIAL fields.
- Tablespace Editor. Now the tablespace size is displayed.
- HTML Report. The possibility to change the font size for the DDL section is added.
- Index Editor. The option 'Mark as index to cluster table on' is added.
- The toolbar with tools from the Services menu is added to the main form.
- The support of the LATIN9 encoding is added for opening/saving SQL scripts.
- Changing Metadata. Now the size and position of the corresponding window are saved for the next session.
- It is now possible to insert a tab symbol in the Description field of object editors.
- Visual DB Designer. The NOT NULL flag was not displayed for the fields based on NOT NULL domains. Fixed now.
- Extract Database.
- In some cases functions were doubled in the result script. Fixed now.
- Tables created with the WITH OIDS option were extracted without this option. Fixed now.
- The position and content of the toolbars located on the main form were not saved. Fixed now.
- The Code Parameters list did not work for quoted object names. Fixed now.
- SQL Editor. SQL sorting did not work for grouping queries with ORDER BY clause. Fixed now.
- Large number of other small improvements and bugfixes.
We hope you'll enjoy working with our software.


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Sound Waves Give Tropical Trees a Checkup
Measuring how fast sound travels through a tree trunk can reveal whether it's rotting from the inside.
Like a book and a cover, you can't always judge a tree by how it looks. Fungus can rot a living tree from the inside, leaving behind a healthy-looking but hollow trunk. Typically the rot is only seen when the tree is cut down.
When a tree decays, it releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. And the tropics are home to 96 percent of the world's tree diversity, according to researchers, and those trees store a quarter of the world's terrestrial carbon.
To get a better read on the health of tropical forests, researchers are now using sound to measure decay in trees.
The research, published in the journal Applications in Plant Sciences, was conducted collectively by a group of college professors, grad students and high school teachers and students, who used a new way to examine 1,800 live trees in the Republic of Panama.
The group used a method for sending a sound wave through a tree and measuring how fast the sound wave travels - a process called sonic tomography. Sounds waves travel faster through solid trees, a measure of their health. In a decayed tree or one with cavities, where molecules are packed less tightly, sound waves travel more slowly.
The process provides insights into how rotting affects tree mortality overall in a forest, said Greg Gilbert, lead author of the article and chair of the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in a statement.
"Most of the decay is hidden," Gilbert said. "The tomography now allows us to see how many apparently healthy trees are actually decayed inside."
And while the method won't work with some trees - including palms or any species that uses internal tissue to store water - it has benefits outside of the forest. The team used sonic tomography to perform a checkup on trees in Panama City, in part to highlight which ones might snap off in storms or heavy winds and cause injury or damage to property.
WATCH: How Astronauts Grow Plants in Space


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Weak ConfigurationsLearn about weak configurations and the dangers they pose to computers and networks.
What we'll be learning
The vast majority of cyberattacks are preventable, and a key part of preventing attacks is proper configuration. In cybersecurity, weak configuration refers to configuration settings that decrease the security of an asset such as a computer or network.
In this article, we'll be learning about common configuration issues that leave hosts and networks vulnerable to attack.
Open permissions is a type of weak configuration where the principle of least privilege is breached, and access to data or applications isn't properly restricted to only those who require it. Things like allowing anyone to view sensitive information, or to edit payroll databases can be considered examples of open permissions. Depending on what the improperly secured resource is, this can be very bad.
Best practices to prevent this type of weak configuration include using role-based access control and implementing a "default-deny" scheme that requires access to be explicitly granted to resources.
Unsecured root accounts
Root accounts (also known as "superuser" or "admin" accounts) are accounts that have essentially unlimited access to a computer. Having an attacker gain access to a root account on a computer is known as "Getting Owned" ( or pwned), and means that the attacker has gained full access to that computer. Unsecured root accounts are vulnerable to takeover due to poor security configuration, such as weak passwords, or allowing remote logins as root.
Best practices to prevent this type of weak configuration include heavily restricting access to root accounts, disabling remote login as root accounts, enforcing strong passwords for root accounts, and using non-root accounts for administration when possible, in accordance with the principle of least privilege.
Insecure default settings
Many pieces of hardware and software ship with insecure default settings, which as the name implies, are settings that are insecure by default. In the worst cases, this can be something like web server software having "admin/admin" as the default administrator username and password. Many insecure default settings are not so obvious, but still pose a threat: Hacking toolkits often have tools designed to identify and exploit vulnerabilities created by insecure default settings.
On a meta-level, this type of weak configuration can "contain" all the other types of weak configuration on this list, and even some that aren't.
Best practices to prevent this type of weak configuration involve conducting a thorough review of the configuration settings for newly acquired assets and researching best practices for security for the particular asset being reviewed.
Weak network configurations
Not all protocols are created equal, and some are less secure than others. Weak configurations can allow Insecure Protocols to be used instead of secure alternatives, causing data to be transferred unencrypted and opening the possibility of interception and man-in-the-middle attacks. An example of an insecure protocol is HTTP, as opposed to secure HTTPS.
Best practices to prevent using insecure protocols are to simply disallow the use of insecure protocols or to implement a default-deny schema that only allows secure protocols.
Weak encryption refers to the use of a weak encryption algorithm and/or flawed implementation of encryption to secure data. Algorithms with known mathematical vulnerabilities or that are weak to brute force are weak encryption, but an improper key generation or improper distribution and management of keys can also cause weak encryption.
Best practices to prevent weak encryption include using up-to-date encryption algorithms that are still considered secure, and using implementations that have been "battle-tested".
Hacking often involves some element of trial and error. Revealing Errors are errors that make this process easier for an attacker, by providing them with useful information. For example, an attacker attempting SQL injection would gain much more information from an error that included the name and version of the database software than from an error that said: "oops, something went wrong".
Best practices to prevent revealing errors include designing software in such a way that it does not reveal sensitive information if/when something goes wrong. This doesn't mean the information can't be logged, just that it should be treated as potentially sensitive information.
Open ports and services
Computers would be very limited if only one program could communicate over the network at a time, and part of the way this is addressed is through the use of ports. Not physical ports, mind you, but virtual ports that exist within protocols like TCP and UDP. When a port is open, it means that there is some piece of software on a computer listening for incoming connections on that port. For example, software hosting a website might be listening on ports 80 (HTTP) and 443 (HTTPS).
Open ports can cause or exacerbate security problems. For instance, if an unused, outdated piece of software is listening to a port, that software and port can become an attack vector. Unmonitored ports can also be used by attackers to move around and transfer data undetected. Especially for servers that face the outside world, only the ports that need to be open should be open. Going back to the webserver example, you probably wouldn't want people to be able to connect to, say, port 22 (SSH) from the outside world.
Just make sure you understand what the ports are used for before you block them: There's a lot of overlap between the most misused ports and the most legitimately used ports.
Proper configuration is crucial to preventing cyberattacks. Weak configurations can post just as much of a threat as issues such as unpatched software. Weak configurations can be present in both software and hardware, with potentially serious consequences. Default configurations can not be considered secure and should be reviewed to ensure they comply with best practices.


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smooth ride to Juneau:
RAP maps wind shear and turbulence at isolated airport
That ubiquitous air travel safety announcement about fastening
seatbelts and placing seats in their upright positions has a special meaning
when it comes to flying into Juneau International Airport. The local wind
shear and turbulence are notorious because the mountains that tightly
encircle the airport produce a complex wind-flow pattern that literally
rattles passengers who travel in and out of Alaskas small capital
Two airplanesa University of Wyoming King Air
and an Alaska Airlines 737-400gather data on RAPs prototype
As the project manager for the FAA-sponsored Juneau Wind Project, Bob
Barron of the Research Applications Program hopes to give travelers a
smoother, safer ride.
Bob and his colleagues are developing a prototype warning system that
issues up-to-the-minute alerts about wind shear and turbulence to air
traffic controllers, airline dispatchers, and pilots. The goal is to warn
pilots in time to prevent injuries to passengers and crew. RAP designed
a similar system thats operating at Hong Kongs Chek Lap Kok
Its great that NCAR can use its scientific and technical
expertise to contribute to society on this day-to-day operational level,
RAPs Bob Barron and Deirdre Garvey.
The RAP team used anemometers and wind profilers to set up the Juneau
warning system. The devices use vector mathematics to create a comprehensive
picture of surrounding winds and to determine the danger these winds pose
to airplanes and passengers.
A wind profiler is an upward-looking radar that can measure turbulence,
wind speed, and wind direction. It gives researchers a profile of horizontal
winds and turbulence at 60-meter (200-foot) increments up to about 2.5
kilometers (1.5 miles). An anemometer also measures wind speed and wind
direction, but its measurements are at a single point near the ground.
The team placed the anemometers and wind profilers at a variety of locations
ranging from the airports runways to the surrounding mountains.
Many sites were chosen for their proximity to flight paths, while others
were placed upstream to monitor incoming air before it reaches the airport.
RAP is working with the Atmospheric Technology Division to locate and
operate the instruments. From 1996 to 1997, ATD collected wind data for
several months to explore wind patterns and ultimately determine the best
locations for the wind profilers in Juneau. ATDs Steve Cohn has
helped ensure the accuracy and proper functioning of the Juneau wind profilers,
analyzing data with RAPs Steve Mueller, Andrew Weekley, Cory Morse,
and Kent Goodrich.
By boat or plane
Despite a population of barely more than 30,000, Juneau has a busy airport.
This is because, unlike Rome, no roads lead to Juneau. The only ways in
or out are by boat or plane. From apples to zucchini, supplies travel
through the airport along with people.
This high volume of traffic, coupled with unusually dangerous winds,
brought Juneau International Airport to the attention of the FAA. The
area has two major airflows: a warm south to southeast wind from the Gulf
of Alaska and a north to northeast wind bringing cold air from the interior.
Under certain wind conditions, the only way to fly out of Juneau is by
making a slow, 180-degree turn just after takeoff while turbulent winds
coming over the mountains buffet the aircraft.
For several years, RAP has worked with the FAA, Alaska Airlines, the
Univeristy of North Dakota, the University of Oklahoma, and the University
of Wyoming to collect data in Juneau. In 1998, 2000, and 2002, RAP and
university staffers traveled to Juneau to collect wind data that have
been used to build and refine the warning system. This past winter, two
airplanes, the University of Wyomings King Air and a larger Alaska
Airlines Boeing 737-400, gathered data to fine-tune the prototype system.
The planes were used to correlate ground-system readings with actual
data from the planes. For further accuracy, the Doppler on Wheelsa
truckborne radar owned jointly by NCAR and the University of Oklahoma
that measures radial wind speedconfirmed the data.
With the cold winter weather and rough traveling conditions in Juneau,
Bob jokes that a lot of people have suffered on the project. But everyone
involved understands that the focus of the new system is safety. Turbulence
is a major concern for the airlines. In one serious incident in Juneau,
a 737 departing the airport fully loaded with passengers encountered a
wind hazard and rolled over more than 90 degrees. Fortunately in this
case, the pilots were able to get the airplane back upright just a few
hundred feet above the ground and complete their departure. The Juneau
warning system is designed to provide alerts that will allow pilots to
avoid these types of hazardous areas.
It will also help airlines save money. Turbulence costs U.S. airlines
an estimated $100 million each year in injuries and operational disruptions
such as delays and rerouting. In Juneau, high winds can last from 2 to
72 hours, and wind information can help airlines adjust their routes and
schedules to optimize usage of the airport.
The warning system features sophisticated technology. The wind
profilers have two computers, explains RAPs Deirdre Garvey.
One is part of the profiler and the other is a Debian Linux computer
running the RAP algorithms. The anemometers and wind profilers transmit
data to a central location at the airport, where final data analysis is
performed. There is also a wind information system in Juneau running a
set of RAP algorithms and sending the data to various remote locations
in Juneau. Despite all this technology, in the end, it is up to the pilot
to decide how to respond to the warnings.
RAP hopes to have the prototype completed and handed over to the FAA
by 2004. The FAA will then modify the system to fit its long-term needs.
In the meantime, RAP staffers will continue to refine the prototype alert
system and check it for accuracy.
Until the warning system is up and running, people will be sure to remember
to pull their seat belts tight on their next trip to Juneau. Bob sighs,
NCAR never seems to send me to a place where the weather is nice.
Before the Juneau project, RAP built a similar warning system at Hong
Kongs Chek Lap Kok Airport (above in an artists illustration),
which is scheduled to be completed as shown in 2040. Without this warning
system, called the Windshear and Turbulence Warning System (WTWS), research
showed that one in 700 flights would encounter severe wind shear and one
in 2,500 would encounter severe turbulence. With the WTWS system installed,
unexpected windshear and turbulence are rarely encountered. The WTWS is
equipped with a suite of wind shear and turbulence detection algorithms.
It processes data from anemometers and a terminal Doppler weather radar.
Also in this issue...
launching instrument collection
Lally wins prestigious ballooning award
special evening with an intimate of the atmosphere
PTO, health benefits, and diversity training
to front page


text:
This unique, new ASTM publication gives you a global perspective of various wooden monuments that are part of the great architectural heritage of Russia, the former Soviet States, Scandinavia, other European countries, and the United States. In addition to historical background, it details the latest techniques used in restoring and preserving these fragile wooden constructions. Much of the information is translated into English for the first time. 19 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into the following chapters:
A Primer on Wood Heritage--discusses the history of the northern Slav wood-built heritage from a worldwide point of view.
The Church of the Transfiguration on Kizhi Island--concentrates on this 18th Century masterpiece of log engineering and UNESCO World heritage site, located in Karelia, Russia. Topics include structural problems, wood condition, monitoring deformations, restoration, and reinforcement concepts.
Challenges of Log Structures--discusses the latest evaluation, conservation, and restoration techniques in northern and eastern Europe. This section also covers certain environmental problems, including how toxic chemicals used in wood preservation can affect the environment and human health.
Challenges of Frame Structures--details various preservation strategies used on wood frame structures in western Europe and the United States.
Special Studies--concentrates on two special conservation cases dealing with the totem poles of Sitka, Alaska and historic wooden structures from abandoned research colonies in Antarctica.
Wood Structures: Global Forum on the Treatment, Conservation, and Repair of Cultural Heritage


The Career Diversity Five Skills
The Career Diversity Five Skills were first identified in focus groups of historians with PhDs who found careers beyond traditional academia—five things they hadn't learned in grad school but that they found they needed in order to succeed beyond the academy. These five skills are also essential to succeeding as professors. They are:
 1. COMMUNICATION, in a variety of media and to a variety of audiences
 2. COLLABORATION, especially with people who might not share your worldview
 3. QUANTITATIVE LITERACY: a basic ability to understand and communicate information presented in quantitative form, i.e., understanding that numbers tell a story the same way words, images, and artifacts do
 4. INTELLECTUAL SELF-CONFIDENCE: the ability to work beyond subject matter expertise, to be nimble and imaginative in projects and plans
 5. DIGITAL LITERACY: a basic familiarity with digital tools and platforms
This guide presents an introduction to each skill—adapted from posts originally published on AHA Today in Spring 2016—as well as a list of AHA-produced resources that can help develop an understanding of that skill. The resources include blog posts, Perspectives on History articles, video resources, and more.
Many thanks to our blog authors for their thoughts and to Lindsey Martin, Mellon career development officer at the University of Chicago, who compiled and annotated these resources.


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OBJECTIVES: Hypotension that occurs after brain death causes a deterioration in organ function, which in turn restricts the number of organs that can be retrieved and leads to graft dysfunction. The correction of hypotension by the administration of norepinephrine increases the number of organs suitable for retrieval but is associated with cardiac allograft failure. Arginine vasopressin is relatively less cardiotoxic; however, the effect of that drug on intra-abdominal organs is unknown. We used a rodent model and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess changes in the expression of inflammatory mediators in livers and kidneys that occurred in response to resuscitation with those drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty outbred male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and an intracranial balloon was inserted. In 35 rats, the balloon was inflated to induce brain death and subsequent hypotension. In 20 of those rats, hypotension was corrected with either norepinephrine (n = 10) or vasopressin (n = 10), while the remaining 15 rats received no resuscitation. Brain death was not induced in 15 rats that did not become hypotensive or receive resuscitation. Organs were retrieved 30 minutes, 2 hours, and 5 hours after balloon insertion, and inflammatory activation was assessed via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Significant time-dependent up-regulation of CXC motif chemokine ligand 1, interleukin-1beta, and heme oxygenase 1 occurred after brain death. Significantly greater up-regulation of CXC motif chemokine ligand and interleukin-1beta occurred in the livers of rats that received norepinephrine and vasopressin than in those that received no resuscitation. No increase in the expression of those mediators was noted in the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that both norepinephrine and vasopressin amplified the inflammatory response that followed brain death in the livers, but not the kidneys, of rats in this model.
Journal article
Exp Clin Transplant
Publication Date
119 - 123
Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Biomarkers, Brain Death, Chemokine CXCL1, Graft Rejection, Heme Oxygenase-1, Interleukin-1beta, Kidney, Kidney Transplantation, Liver, Liver Transplantation, Male, Models, Animal, Norepinephrine, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Resuscitation, Vasoconstrictor Agents


text: Northern peatlands are recognized as globally important stores of terrestrial carbon (C), yet we have limited understanding of how global changes, including land use, affect C cycling processes in these ecosystems. Making use of a long-term (>50 year old) peatland land management experiment in the UK, we investigated, using a 13CO2 pulse chase approach, how managed burning and grazing influenced the short-term uptake and cycling of C through the plant–soil system. We found that burning affected the composition and growth stage of the plant community, by substantially reducing the abundance of mature ericoid dwarf-shrubs. Burning also affected the structure of the soil microbial community, measured using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, by reducing fungal biomass. There was no difference in net ecosystem exchange of CO2, but burning was associated with an increase in photosynthetic uptake of 13CO2 and increased transfer of 13C to the soil microbial community relative to unburned areas. In contrast, grazing had no detectable effects on any measured C cycling process. Our study provides new insight into how changes in vegetation and soil microbial communities arising from managed burning affect peatland C cycling processes, by enhancing the uptake of photosynthetic C and the transfer of C belowground, whilst maintaining net ecosystem exchange of CO2 at pre-burn levels.


The Tea Master and the Detective: Marsupial Wearable Robots Help Out a Vietnamese Sherlock Holmes
Recommendation: Don't wait for small robots to fetch this novella, get it yourself and immerse yourself in a very different version of Sherlock
The Tea Master and the Detective by Aliette de Bodard is a Hugo and Nebula nominee for best novella. It's a thoughtful, delightful story, that cries out for a series. It is a mystery with a detective, Long Chau, brilliant and abrasive in the vein of Sherlock Holmes and a mindship, The Shadow's Child, taking the role of Watson in directions IBM's Watson (named after the IBM director, not the Conan Doyle character) in a different direction. The two investigate a corpse found in space and trace it back to a consortium of workers on a space orbitals, with each step in the investigation a subtle exercise in world building. The reader is gracefully immersed in the Vietnamese space culture that de Bodard has set other wonderful works including her evocative On a Red Station, Drifting. The novella flows so smoothly that it is easy to miss that all the characters, including the mindship, are female. The story is engaging and complete - there are no cliffhangers, yet the characters are so unique and compelling that the first thought is "when is the next one in the series?" Sadly, de Bodard on Goodreads says she has no definite plans at this time to write another.
From an AI and robotics perspective, the obvious point of discussion would be The Shadow's Child, the traumatized mindship whose intelligence stems from a human biological brain implanted at birth shades of Annalee Newlitz' Autonomous (see RTSF review here). But The Tea Master and the Detective is replete with teleoperated bots of all sizes. There are little legged bots who inhabit the cuffs of the sleeves of one's robes or hide in plain sight as links in an exotic necklace.
What makes these personal bots so fascinating is that they are mobile, coming out to touch the skin, to see or sense corners of rooms, or to handle objects. There are implications that they are controlled through a brain-computer interface that introduces cognitive fatigue, mitigated in part by the teas prepared by a tea master who tailors the tea to individual tasks and needs. The bots serve as wearable sensors, including a regimen of pinpricking for blood sampling and drug administration that Theranos, the scandalous Silicon Valley startup, was touting.
There is really nothing like these bots in the research community. Wearable robots in robotics are not mobile, the term "wearable robots" refers to exoskeletons or rehabilitative robots. These wearable robots are more like marsupial robots, a type of multi-robot system, where small robots, like kangaroo joeys, ride on the mother robot and then climb out or fly off. Several researchers, including myself, have worked on marsupial robots, (I actually have a seminal work on the marsupial concept in the book Robot Teams: From Diversity to Polymorphism), The joeys can go off on their own or they can serve as assistants to the motheras distributed cameras or effectors or as wireless relays to be either beacons or breadcrumbs.
Marsupial combinations are now being sold as part of bomb squad robot packages, where the small robot drops off and provides a helpful external camera view of whatever task the larger, mother robot is trying to perform. You can see why if you look at footage of robots being used at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. Notice that there are two robots, one that is doing the job and the other filming it. That second one really isn't filming it so much as providing the operator with a second, external view. In opening a door, the second view compensates for the problems in generating depth perception and the lack of tactile sensing that helps us grasp a handle.
Marsupials come in all combinations: ground robots or marine vehicles carrying aerial vehicles that pop up and look around, drones carrying smaller drones or dropping off ground robots, and so on. The joeys can go off and do their own thing or hang out and assist the mother. If the joeys are being used to help the mother robot, a big challenge isn't building the robots, that's relatively easy, but rather presenting the sensor feeds from the multiple robots to make sense, to be comprehensible, to the operator (or to the autonomous mother robot) trying to use that external view to perform a task. Another big challenge is that it is easy to for the joeys to get off of Mom but not so easy to get back on - the little robots have to find Mom and precisely dock.
The robot necklace is also fascinating. There is an emerging cultural movement towards smart and stylish jewelry, starting with Apple's iWatch (sorry a Fitbit just isn't a fashion statement), and now includes necklaces, bracelets, and rings. Check out for a list of smart jewelry and think about what you could do with tasteful, mobile wearable minions.
The Tea Master and the Detective concentrates on plot and character development, ignoring any details about the bots, sensing, power, control, yet the bots just seem right. Indeed the entire novella just seems right, a universe that is both familiar and different, consistent yet exotic, laden with technology yet still about people. So don't wait for small robots to hop out of your pockets to fetch this novella, get it yourself and immerse yourself in a very different version of Sherlock in a fascinating future.
- Robin
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text:
The use of chitosan oligosaccharide is helping soil microorganisms produce chitinase to interact with pathogenic bacteria, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, make susceptible plants produce systemic resistance, promote plant synthesis of phytoprotegerin, stimulate the synthesis and accumulation of plant lignin, and at the same time promote the activity of plant disease-resistant enzymes.
With the systemic resistance of plants, the vascular bundles of stem base had no lesion or lessened, the root system was developed, the plant was vigorous, the fresh weight of individual plants was increased, and the disease resistance was improved.
Eco-Friendly, Without Any Residues
Chitosan oligosaccharide is different from traditional pesticides. It does not directly affect harmful organisms but stimulates the immune responses of plants themselves(including stress resistance)to play an essential role in resisting stress, resisting diseases and insects, and increasing production. Soil microorganisms quickly degrade chitosan oligosaccharide into water and carbon dioxide, which are easily absorbed by the environment without residues.
The plant resistance components induced by Chitosan oligosaccharide are typical components of plants and are safe for human beings and livestock. It produced plant resistance components are natural components of plants, which are safe for humans and livestock. At the same time, the resistance of plants induced by Chitosan oligosaccharide has a broad spectrum and a long duration. Long-term or multiple inductions do not produce specific resistance in plants.
Up till now, no resistance to pathogens has been found. Therefore, the use of plant immune elicitor Chitosan oligosaccharide to induce plant immunity can make full use of plant defense ability and reduce the use of chemical pesticides, protect the environment, and meet the requirements of green plant protection and ecological civilization construction.


text:
How to Grow Four O'Clock Flowers
Annual, Mirabilis Jalapa
Four O'Clocks were one of my Grandfather's favorites. He enjoyed the bright
trumpet shaped flowers. Four O'Clocks got their name because it opens in
mid-afternoon. It remains open overnight, and closes in early morning. They
will also remain open on cloudy days. They are also noted for their strong,
Native to tropical areas of North and South America, they are also called
"Marvel of Peru". Four O'Clocks are actually perennials that are grown as
annuals, in most areas of the U.S.
The bushy plants make attractive hedge or border. Flower colors include white,
red, pink, yellow, and some two-toned blooms. Because the flowers are open
during the evening, we recommend you place them in areas where people will
see them in late afternoon to early evening hours.
Night Bloomers: How many flowers do you know of are open in the evening?
Four O'Clock are typically grown from large seeds, making them easy to plant.
Four O'Clock seeds germinate quickly, and grow fast, up to 2-4 feet.
Sow Four O'Clock seeds directly into the garden just before the last frost
in your area. Cover seeds with 1/4" of soil. Space plants 12 inches apart
and thin to two feet apart.
In addition, Four O'Clocks are propagated by its tubers. Tubers should be
dug up in the fall and stored in the dark, in damp peat moss or sand.
How to Grow Four O'Clock Plants:
Four O'Clock prefer full sun, but will tolerate partial shade. Note that
in partial shade they may grow lanky. They will do well in rich, well composted
soil as they are big eaters. Keep soil moist. Add a general purpose fertilizer
once or twice a month to encourage vigorous growth.
Four O'Clocks fit well in borders, as small hedgerows. Try growing them around
Insect and Disease:
Insect and disease problems are uncommon for Four O'Clocks. If problems occur,
treat early with organic or chemical insect repellents and fungicide.
Buy Four O'Clock Flower Seeds Now
to Grow Four O'Clock Plants
Buy Flower, Vegetable and Herb Seeds Finest quality
Ferry Morse Seed, America's oldest seed company with their famous "guarantee
and Perennials - Great deals on a a wide assortment of your favorite
bulbs and perennials.
The Compact ComposTumbler is the perfect solution to convert kitchen
and yard waste into, rich, organic compost.
Buy a Composter now


Test steps are very important in manual testing because they provide the detailed semantics on how each test case is to be validated and ultimately completed. That said, if you consider most manual test cases will have several steps each and most organizations will have a number of test cases, this results in a large number of steps to manage. Copying and pasting from popular tools like Microsoft Excel and Notepad reduces the time needed to properly manage, compose, and translate steps.
The test steps control inside the test case work item supports bulk copying and pasting of data from a variety of data sources, including other test steps, Microsoft Excel, Notepad, or any other tool that is capable of copying tab-delimited data onto the clipboard.
Copying steps from other data sources
Copying steps from Microsoft Excel requires that you use only two columns in your table of steps: the first column will map to "Action" and the second column will map "Expected Result" in the test steps work item control. Copy the range of two-column rows that you want to insert to the clipboard and paste them using either the context menu or keyboard (Ctrl-V):
You can also copy steps from the test steps control and paste them into either other test cases, or other data sources. Select a range of rows in the test steps control and either copy with the keyboard (CTRL-C), or use the context menu to copy the steps. Notice they are rendered in notepad as readable TAB-delimited rows:
Pasting the text above into a new test case provides you the same user experience as when working with Microsoft Excel:
Ryan Vogrinec


core dump, take a dump
[origin uncertain; perhaps related to a Scandinavian term meaning ''to fall suddenly,'' the connection being the tipping out of a load from a cart]
Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.
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