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Let $E$ a rank $r\geq 3$ vector bundle over a curve $C$ and let $E'$ a rank $r-1$ subbundle of $E$. Thus we have $\mathbb{P} (E') \subset \mathbb{P} (E)$; what can be said about $ \xi|_{\mathbb{P}(E')}$, where $\xi$ is the tautological class of $\mathbb P (E)$?
If $\xi'$, $F'$ are resp. the tautological class of $\mathbb P (E')$ and the class of a fibre in $\mathbb P (E')$, is it possible to compute the components of $ \xi|_{\mathbb{P}(E')}$ with respetc to $\xi'$, $F'$?
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I personally prefer to work with sheaves which ultimately gives you the same thing, but sometimes you need to work in a dual setting. So, I will use sheaves below, feel free to rewrite this for yourself in the language of bundles.
Let $\alpha: \mathscr E_1\to \mathscr E_2$ be a surjective morphism of sheaves and a scheme $X$ and let $\pi_i:\mathbb P(\mathscr E_i)\to X$ be the associated projective bundle for $i=1,2$.
By construction there exist surjective sheaf morphisms $\pi_i^*\mathscr E_i\to \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_i)}(1)$ on $\mathbb P(\mathscr E_i)$. Pulling back $\alpha$ to $\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)$ gives a composition of surjective morphisms: $$ \pi_2^*\mathscr E_1\to \pi_2^*\mathscr E_2\to \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)}(1). $$
This induces a natural map $\beta: \mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)\to \mathbb P (\mathscr E_1)$ such that $\beta^* \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)}(1) = \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)}(1)$. I leave it for you to check that $\beta$ is injective (after all you claimed this as a matter-of-fact in the question). The pull-back equality means that the tautological class of $\pi_1$ restricts to the tautological class of $\pi_2$.
In other words, using your notation, $\xi|_{\mathbb P(E')}=\xi'$.
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RSSB Rail Carbon Tool Training
The Network Rail Environmental and Social Minimum Requirements standard requires certain rail projects (those with over £1 million spend on civils, track and Overhead Line Equipment (OLE)) to undertake a carbon assessment using the RSSB Rail Carbon Tool. Projects must demonstrate that they have undertaken an assessment and used the results to influence design and construction.
In addition, there are UK policy requirements such as the goals to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050. Measuring and reducing carbon is also important for achieving verification for specifications such as PAS (Publicly Available Specification) 2080. PAS2080 is the world's first low carbon infrastructure specification which provides a framework for the industry to evaluate and manage whole life carbon emissions aiming to deliver reduced carbon and reduced cost solutions.
This training has been recently developed to introduce delegates to the RSSB Rail Carbon Tool. Specifically, how to use the tool and the benefits of using it on UK rail infrastructure projects to reduce embodied carbon and save money.
The Rail Carbon Tool is free to access for both RSSB members and non-members working in the GB rail sector.
Any organisation undertaking a large infrastructure project will have to hold the expertise to use the Rail Carbon Tool. The training is aimed at individuals who would use the tool to undertake carbon assessments for their projects and reduce carbon emissions through design and construction which can result in capital and operational cost savings.
This training is likely to be relevant to (but not limited to) environmental professionals, engineers, project managers and estimators.
- Learn the background to the tool and the regulatory and legislative context for undertaking carbon assessments.
- How to reduce carbon emissions through design and construction for capital and operational cost savings.
- Complete practical exercises on mock rail infrastructure projects using the Rail Carbon Tool.
- How the Rail Carbon Tool can be used to undertake carbon assessments for projects.
All delegates are required to bring a laptop / tablet with the Rail Carbon Tool installed.
This training will be delivered by Elliot Shiers. Elliot is a practitioner member of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) with eight years of experience in delivering environmental and sustainability management solutions on complex and nationally significant rail infrastructure projects.
Elliot has expertise in undertaking carbon assessments, using the Rail Carbon Tool and has worked extensively on a variety of rail infrastructure projects to deliver carbon and cost savings and help projects meet their sustainability targets and objectives.
Background on the tool
The video below provides an introduction to the Rail Carbon Tool and some background on why the tool was developed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Hopefully what readers took away from this discussion was an appreciation that the life expectancy of a component is not directly tied to its MTBF value, but rather the MTBF parameter provides us with a probability for how long that component might continue to operate and can really only be used to assess the comparative reliability of products.
What we only touched on in that blog was that the failure rate of any product built from multiple components, such as a power supply, will be determined by the failure rates of each of those individual components. Also, while the failure rate used for reliability calculations comes from the constant portion of the "bathtub" curve of failure rate over time, ignoring the early-life and wear-out failure phases, that period can still be a long time over which to measure a statistically significant number of component samples. Consequently, as engineers, we owe it to ourselves to understand how various standardized component databases may be used to predict component failure.
Previously we saw that reliability R(t)is the probability that a component, operating under specified conditions, will work correctly for a specified period of time t and can be calculated with the following formula:
R(t) = e -λt where λ is the component's failure rate (expressed as a rate per million hours)
For a system made up of many components we can substitute λA for λ in the reliability formula, where:
λA = λ 1n1 + λ 2n2 + λ 3n3 + … + λ ini and MTBF = 1/ λ
If we have 3 components each with an MTBF of 50,000 hours, then individually 20 will be expected to fail every million hours (i.e. given by λ = 1,000,000/MTBF). Together, λ A = 20 + 20 + 20 = 60 and hence the overall MTBF is 16,667 hours, i.e. one third of the single component MTBF. Intuitively we can appreciate this since with 3 equally reliable components the probability of failure is increased 3 times and conversely failure is likely in a third of the time.
On the other hand if we take 3 components with differing MTBF figures, one of which is significantly lower than the other two, then we get a notably different result. MTBFs of 50,000, 40,000 and 5,000 give failure rates of 20, 25 and 200 respectively. Summing these give an overall failure rate of 245 that converts back to a system MTBF of 4,082. This resulting MTBF is not that much worse than the component with the lowest MTBF, but is significantly worse than the other two components, by an order of magnitude.
This demonstrates that at the system level, reliability is very much determined by the weakest link in the chain and that designers should pay attention to this and take care during component selection. It also brings us to needing to understand how the failure rates for components are actually calculated.
Determining the reliability of today's many and varied system designs is clearly


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In October 1963, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) held a centennial celebration to observe its 1863 founding. Four days of scientific sessions and events were highlighted by the October 22 Centennial Convocation at Washington's Constitution Hall. President John F. Kennedy's Centennial Address was preceded by a colorful academic procession of NAS members and delegates from U.S. and international academic and scientific institutions. NAS President Frederick Seitz introduced the president by linking his attendance and support to the role of Abraham Lincoln in the Academy's founding. President Kennedy's talk on "A Century of Scientific Conquest" was one of his last formal speeches.
(Left to right: Presidential Science Advisor Jerome B. Wiesner, President Kennedy, Centennial Committee Chairman Detlev W. Bronk, Frederick Seitz.)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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suppose someone sends me a email. if he is not in my contact list, his mail will go in "Stranger" label. how to create filter for this this label.
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You can do this:
 1. Go to your contacts
 2. Choose to compose email to your whole contact list
 3. Copy the "To:" field
 4. Paste it here: _URL_
 5. This will convert the list of emails to from email OR email OR email and so on
 6. Copy the converted line
 7. Make new filter
 8. In the "Has the words:"-field write "-from: {paste here that copied line}" (without "")
 9. Click Next Step button.
 10. Choose to add label to this filter
 11. Finish!
You can also add whole domains inside like *_USER_.com inside the {} just remember to add extra OR between every address.
Little tricky but should work. I hope this helps! :)
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When posting your email adress, you could use a different email adress like _EMAIL_ where codeword could be the name of the website you're posting the address (or just a random word you like).
In the filters, label any email not sent to _EMAIL_ (without a code) as stranger (or all emails sent to _EMAIL_).
Using multiple email address can be really helpful in tracking where the spam comes from and for blocking it.
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this wouldn't get mailing lists, since they're to field is their mailing list field. – Rixius Aug 13 '10 at 15:26
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London, Aug 19 IANS | 1 year ago
British investigators have discovered two new vaccines that can prevent the transmission of meningitis bacteria from person to person.
The vaccines do this by reducing "carriage" of the responsible bacteria in the nose and throats of the population.
"The new findings tell us that the vaccines also have an effect on carriage in the throat and explains why they can be so effective across the population," said Robert Read, a professor of infectious diseases at University of Southampton.
The study took place over 10 centres across Britain and tested the effectiveness of two meningitis vaccines - MenACWY-CRM and 4CMenB - on participants aged 18 to 24.
MenACWY-CRM was shown to reduce carriage rates by 39 percent while the 4CMenB vaccine reduced carriage rates by between 20 and 30 percent.
(Posted on 19-08-2014)
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NOTE - TO DATE. THE DOME IS STILL UNFINISHED. AS IS THIS ARTICLE. NEITHER DOME NOR ARTICLE WILL BE.RESUMED UNTIL THIS AUTUMN. SO PATIENCE PLEASE... MEANWHILE. THE INFORMATION BELOW IS A STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION OF HOW TO BUILD YOUR OWN GEODESIC DOME.
Above, dome nearly completed, without glass and perspex windows (its summer!)
Above photo, interior of dome, nearly completed
Above photo, interior of dome, nearly completed.
However, most governments and legislators would prefer people of low income to live here...
In 'charming' town planning projects that give the local medeival architecture a real boost to their image, eh hem... Spot Ales' medieval fort and, significantly, old prison, it's a job to find it, but if you squint hard enough...
STEP BY STEP PHOTO INSTRUCTIONS...
The first step in building a geodesic dome home is to fully understand and visualise the geometry of the structure beforehand.
To do this it is essential to build a small model version that you can refer back to whenever you get confused or stuck. It's possible to build a dome without first doing a model, but you're more likely to get in a fix, which wastes time and money.
To make a 50cm diameter cardboard model you'll need a pencil, a compass, a ruler, 15 sheets of A4 lightweight photocopy card in one colour, and 5 sheets of the same card in another colour, one large piece of thick cardboard for the base (from a big cardboard box will do), glue, at least twenty very small boston clips, thumbtacks and probably some other stuff too, we'll see as we go along. The two fluffy assistants are optional.
I found a useful video on YouTube showing how to 'construct a geodesic dome' out of cardboard. The instructions are for children so even a maths moron such as myself could follow them! The dome is composed of 10 equilateral triangles that join together 6 pentagons, each pentagon being composed of 5 isosceles triangles.
In all, the dome requires a total of 40 triangles, 30 of them isosceles and 10 of them equilateral. In order to attain the dome diameter of 50cm the 3 sides of the equilateral triangles must be 15cm45 long precisely (to be called length A). The isosceles triangles must have one side measuring, again, 15cm45 and the two other sides measuring 13cm66 (to be called length B).
Being the congenital maths moron I am, it was impossible for me to calculate how to draw two triangles together (to save paper), centering them correctly on a sheet of photocopy paper. So I drew one, photocopied it, cut them both out, then stuck them together on a sheet of paper. In this way I had the template for two triangles neatly fitted together and centered on the A4 paper. I then made 5 photocopies of the template below so as to get 10 equilateral triangles in lightweight yellow card.
To make an equilateral triangle, use your ruler to draw a 15.45cm line at the bottom of your page. Set your compass to exactly 15.45cm. Putting the point at one end of the line, draw an arc approximately where the top point of the triangle should go. Switch the point of the compass to the other end of the line and draw another arc. Where the two arcs cross is the third point of the triangle. Use your ruler to draw the two other sides. To draw the glue tabs, draw a line 1cm parallel to all three sides around the entire outer edge of the triangle. Cut off its points, as in the triangles above, by drawing a straight line to slice off the points of the outer triangles so that the glue tabs can be stuck together without the ends overlapping. To draw the isosceles triangle draw the base line of the triangle again at a length of 15.45cm, but set the compass at 13.66cm instead so as to achieve the two shorter edges. I then made 15 photocopies of the template, this time in blue card, so as to get a total of 30 isosceles triangles.
Carefully cut out all your triangles and, using a book and a ruler, fold the glue tabs carefully along each of their lines.
Apply glue to the tabs and stick the five isosceles triangles together (sticking together the B sides) so as to form a pentagon, leaving the last two tabs unglued. When applying glue be sure to use a scrap piece of paper underneath so as to not get anything grubby. Stick the B sides together two by two. If you try to apply glue to all of the sides at the same time and then try to stick them all together simultaneously, the tabs where you applied the glue first will have dried. So just go edge by edge. Glue needs to be applied to both glue tabs being stuck together and not just one, to ensure a strong fix.
Assemble all six pentagons in the same way, leaving the last two edges open on each one. To be sure that the glue dries completely you may want to leave the next stage for the following day; otherwise, leaving it for a couple of hours should do it. Once dry, the final edges of the isosceles triangles can be glued together. As you pull the two sides against one another you'll see why it was necessary to allow the other sides to dry first, as now the pentagons will be raised into their three-dimensional volume, putting strong pressure on all sides. This is where you now need to attach the small boston clips to clamp the freshly glued sides together. I left them all overnight again, but if you're feeling brave, another couple of hours should do.
Here we have the six pentagons fully assembled on my scruffy old floor. As you can see, my fluffy assistant to the left seems satisfied with the work so far. I have placed the ten equilateral triangles next to the pentagons, ready for the next stage.
Now we need to make the base. Thinking I was very clever, I bought some fancy hard card instead of using the simple cardboard box card suggested in the video. The result was a fiendishly difficult challenge with a Stanley knife when it came to the cutting stage. It was all very scary and not at all appropriate for children... or for fluffy assistants for that matter. So use normal cardboard from a box as it's far easier to cut with no more than a pair of scissors. And it's free.
Cut out your piece of cardboard for the base, making it no smaller than 56cm squared. Find its center by drawing diagonal lines from each of its corners, creating a cross in the center. Here, one of my fluffy assistants is demonstrating how this can be done very easily with a builder's rule, useful as it's so big. A straight plank would also do the trick.
Here is the base with the cross revealing the center of the square. At this point you may wish to take a small break and give yourself a vigorous scratch for good measure.
Now we need to make a big compass out of a 35cm x 4cm strip of card. This card is thicker than the triangles but lighter than the base board. It needs to be quite thick and strong so as not to tear, but not too thick to put the nib of a pencil through it. Place the cardboard strip on another piece of cardboard as we are now going to push thumbtacks into it to create pencil holes. My assistant is helpfully indicating the spacing of these four holes. The one on the far left, let's call it the '0cm hole', will be the point where we pin this card compass into the center of the base. Now place a tack at precisely 16cm to the right of the first hole, then 25cm and finally at 27cm distant from the first hole. We have now created four holes at 0cm, 16cm, 25cm and 27cm.
Tacking the 0cm hole to the center of your cardboard base, use the holes at 16cm, 25cm and 27cm to draw three concentric circles. The fluffy tail is optional in this simple manoeuvre, but adds interest.
Here is the base with the three concentric circles drawn.
Cut out along the center circle to create an inner hole. Cut out along the outer circle to finish the now circular base. Sitting on the circle will prevent it from unexpectedly flying away...
Set the compass to 15.45cm precisely. To make it easier to set it perfectly I drew a line of the right length on a piece of paper, dug the point into one end of the line and carefully pulled the compass to the right length. Place the point of the compass on the circle inside the outer edge of your base and draw an arc further along the line of your circle. Then place the point where your arc crosses the line and draw another arc further along. Continue all around the circle till all the points of your decagon (ten-sided polygon) are drawn.
At this point you will discover if your compass is set precisely or not. If it isn't your last arc will be too far in or out. Cursing loudly at this juncture may help relieve tension. If it's not right, rub out the marks and start again. I actually ended up having an approximate decagon and just bodged along as I do


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Every good Literacy Program should be backed up by Reading Mentors. The aim of Reading Mentors is to support students in their literacy journey. It is natural for students to become distracted, stressed out, or unmotivated as they do something for the first time. In the early stages of your Literacy Program, it is important to have Reading Mentors – teacher support – who are able to reflect, question, and monitor the students' progress.
Canada Royal Arts High School has been implementing it's first Literacy Program the last few weeks. Our school has been working hard to create it's own library and get students excited through the Reading Cafe. To support the progress of our program, as well as to motivate students to succeed, we have designated each teacher to have students that they will guide.
How to use Reading Mentors to support your Literacy Program:
- Survey the Students. Let the students voice their own opinion and choose a few teacher mentors that they would be comfortable with. Later, assign a teacher mentor to the student that you believe would be most appropriate.
- Check in with the Student. The teacher mentor should check in with the student at least once a week for a short reading session. The mentor will read a passage with the student out loud, ask them to summarize what they have read, go through unknown vocabulary, and answer any questions the students might have.
- Provide Supplies. Each student should have a small pack of slim sticky notes that they keep in their books. The sticky notes are used for students to mark unfamiliar vocabulary and other interesting passages. It is a good way for the teacher mentor to see that the student has been reading.
- Encourage the Student. Teacher mentors can encourage the student by providing them with rewards when they finish their books.
- Review the Book. When the student has finished reading the book, they will take a big sticky note and write a short 'review' or opinion on the sticky note for the next reader to see.
Note: Make sure that the level of the book is appropriate for the student. Use the '5-Finger Rule' when deciding what book to read.


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SCons duplicates source files in variant directory trees because it's the most straightforward way to guarantee a correct build regardless of include-file directory paths, relative references between files, or tool support for putting files in different locations, and the SCons philosophy is to, by default, guarantee a correct build in all cases.
The most direct reason to duplicate source files in variant directories is simply that some tools (mostly older versions) are written to only build their output files in the same directory as the source files. In this case, the choices are either to build the output file in the source directory and move it to the variant directory, or to duplicate the source files in the variant directory.
Additionally, relative references between files can cause problems if we don't just duplicate the hierarchy of source files in the variant directory. You can see this at work in use of the C preprocessor _TAG_ mechanism with double quotes, not angle brackets:
The de facto standard behavior for most C compilers in this case is to first look in the same directory as the source file that contains the _TAG_ line, then to look in the directories in the preprocessor search path. Add to this that the SCons implementation of support for code repositories (described below) means not all of the files will be found in the same directory hierarchy, and the simplest way to make sure that the right include file is found is to duplicate the source files into the variant directory, which provides a correct build regardless of the original location(s) of the source files.
Although source-file duplication guarantees a correct build even in these end-cases, it can usually be safely disabled. The next section describes how you can disable the duplication of source files in the variant directory.


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On 6th June Lord Gardiner, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Rural Affairs and Biosecurity, launched a Strategy for UK Forest Genetic Resources at the Future Trees Trust's Supporters Day at Kew's Millennium Seed Bank at Wakehurst. The Strategy has been published by Kew in collaboration with the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Forest Research, Future Trees Trust and Woodland Trust.
Genetic diversity, which is variation in DNA among individuals of the same species, is essential to help tree species survive in the face of climate change and new pests and diseases. It is also a valuable national resource that may be used for producing trees with better productivity or disease resistance in the UK climate.
Produced over a period of two years, and following consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, the Strategy identifies the gaps in knowledge and infrastructure that must be addressed if we are to protect the UK's Forest Genetic Resources (FGR). It prioritises five areas for action:
- Collaboration – building a national forum for sharing information and knowledge on FGR
- Communication – promoting understanding of the value of FGR for trees and people
- New research on where, how much and what type of genetic diversity we have in our trees.
- In situ protection: new conservation action to protect distinct populations of trees
- Ex situ protection: making sure seed from distinct populations of all our tree species are collected and protected, and conservation stands are planted for species whose seeds do not last well.
The Strategy itself is just the start. Next steps are to develop an action plan for taking forward the vision and priority actions outlined in the Strategy.
UK Forest Genetic Resources Strategy
Forest Genetic Resources Strategy


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The survival, growth, development, productivity and fertility of animals are a reflection of their health. Feed quality is the most important exogenous factor influencing animal health. Health and Food Safety concerns are putting pressure on better quality feed ingredients, which opens space in this market for microalgae biomass as nutritional supplement, as they posses many unique and interesting biochemical properties when compared to higher plants. Most of the raw materials currently used for animal feed products are higher plants as corn, soybeans, sorghum, oats, and barley. Beside the nutritional improvement that microalgae incorporation in feeds versus higher plants may bring to animals health, they are the only biomass material that allows production with daily harvest all year round. This could bring to the feed market more security of supply on raw materials.
The use of microalgae for animal feed started in the early 70s. Microalgal properties give them the ability to enhance feed nutritional content, improving their effect in animal health.
As for higher plants, the nutritional composition of microalgae is made up mainly of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and trace nutrients, including vitamins, antioxidants, and trace elements. The reported nutritional composition of microalgae fits within the following ranges: 39-54% of proteins for marine microalgae and 10-71 % for freshwater microalgae, 8-64 % of carbohydrates and 2-22 % of lipids. All species have similar amino acids composition and are rich in the essential amino acids.
Since microalgae were initially utilized as supplements for animal nutrition, several studies have been performed on fish, farm animals and pets in order to evaluate microalgae potential as animal feed supplements, and their effects on the animal health, growth and nutritional properties. Although microalgae are able to enhance the nutritional content of conventional food preparations and hence, to positively affect the health of humans and animals, some constituents of microalgal biomass may represent constrains on its incorporation on feeds, like nucleic acids, toxins and heavy-metal components.
Feeds are blended from various raw materials and additives. These blends are formulated according to the specific requirements of the target animal, which need a variety of nutrients to meet their basic needs. They include carbohydrates, fats, fiber, proteins, minerals, vitamins and water. Regarding microalgae incorporation as feed supplements, prior to commercialization, algal material must be analyzed for the presence of toxic compounds to prove their harmlessness. The next step is to get approval for their incorporation as dietary supplements or additives. In order to achieve that approval, microalgae should satisfy the Safety and International Standards regulating feed production. The most relevant entity establishing feed safety international standards is IFIF - International Feed Industry Federation.
According to the WHO Food and Agriculture Organization, developing countries are on the verge of moving toward more meat and livestock production and consumption. There are several factors that will drive the global animal feed industry including population growth and incomes measured by growth in GDP, feed grain prices, health and food safety issues, and environmental issues. The future remains bright for the expansion of industrial feed as meat consumption in the developed world is expected to continue to increase in developing countries, with poultry meat leading this growth.


Power of the mind powers Auckland tech inventor
By Siobhan Leathley
MindAngel inventor and current student of engineering at the University of Auckland, Song Xing. Photo / Supplied
A University of Auckland engineering student has developed futuristic software which he says will allow people make calls or send texts without even moving or speaking.
To use MindAngel, a person places a wireless hairband around their head, containing three electrodes measuring and recording brain activity. The wearer then looks at a panel containing numbers 0-9, and letters A-Z.
The band decodes these thoughts and translates them into words or actions, the same way an EEG machine does. This should give the ability to call a friend on a smartphone and talk without moving or physically speaking.
Gamers can use it to interact with video and computer games by using the technology to control characters.
MindAngel chief executive and developer Song Xing said it communicates with most electrical devices including computers, electrical wheelchairs and Bluetooth devices.
So far he has spent $200,000 researching and developing this. His scholarship from the University of Auckland and the Chinese Government paid for half; the university's mechanical engineering department paid the remaining $100,000.
To ensure this money is well spent. Professor Shane Xie closely monitors Xing's progress.
He said other groups around the world are also developing this technology, but Xing is the most successful so far.
The next step after the MindAngel band is manufactured is to move into building robotic limbs for amputees.
The artificial limbs will be connected to the MindAngel band enabling amputees to walk, run and hug again.
"I want to help disabled people stand up again.
"They think: I want to move my arm, and they can move their arm."
He will begin focusing on researching this in November.
Xie confirms it is possible the technology will be able to do this, but it will take a lot of hard work to achieve.
"It's possible, but how effective it will be will depend on the research."
Xing's interest began three years ago, when he was studying electrical engineering in China.
"I wanted to know whether there was an engineering way to find out human intentions."
He developed this further, and in 2010 started his PhD research project on this. Now he spends each day in one of the university's labs developing this.
When he graduates he plans to focus on growing MindAngel.
"I treat MindAngel as a child; I want to focus on making it better, faster and stronger."
MindAngel is also competing in the Spark 100k Challenge - a student-led initiative recognising and encouraging young entrepreneurs. Winner of the challenge gets $25,000 in seed capital and six-months' incubation at The Icehouse.
He expects the MindAngel device will sell for around $500.
© Copyright 2014, APN Holdings NZ Limited
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Word games can be of several different types:
Letter arrangement games, where the goal is to form words out of given letters:
- Anagrams (not to be confused with the linguistic recreation below)
- Pick Two
- Swedish puzzles
See word play for literary works in which the nature of the words used themselves become part of the subject of the work.


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Properly speaking, you should not use the word "design" when talking about evolution. All you can describe are more or less fit variations. A variation that is advantageous in one context can be detrimental in another.
That being said, I assume what you are asking is whether the eyes could be better, as if an engineer would design them from scratch. The answer is "probably yes". The backward wiring of the photoreceptors is an issue that the brain has mostly been able to work around, but it is obvious that forward-facing photoreceptors would be easier to work with. There are multiple issues, one is the blindspot as you identified. Another one is the diffraction of the light by the ganglion cells fibers. Part the light is adsorbed too, so because of the non-homogeneous thickness of the macula there are color distortions near the center of the visual field. But again, it is not impossible that having a forward-facing retina would be more detrimental in some environment, although I fail to think of a case where a backward retina would be better.
As for the sources you cite, I watched only part of the video but it was very spot on. The science daily article however is very misleading. Frankly, the quoted scientist doesn't seem to have a very good grasp of evolution. Though the actual paper is more nuanced. Basically it is possible, as suggested by the authors, that some mechanism mitigates the scattering of light by the retina. That does not mean that the retina is backward because of that. Claiming as one of the authors did that they have "explained why the retina is built backwards" is very, very, bad logic. With forward-facing photoreceptors you wouldn't even have to have such a mechanism. And as pointed out by the video you linked, cephalopod's retinae are not backward.


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A peptide that is composed of two amino acid molecules linked by a peptide bond. noun
A condensation-product of the anhydrids of two amido-acids which are derived from the albuminous molecule. See digestion products. noun
An organic compound formed from two amino acids joined by a peptide bond. noun
What does the word dipeptide mean? Find synonyms, antonyms and the meaning of the word dipeptide in our free online dictionary! Find words starting with dipeptide and anagrams of dipeptide.
At first you may not have succeeded, but neither did Albert Einstein. (Byron Pulsifer)


What Is YourPhone.exe & How To Remove It
What Is YourPhone.exe And How To Stop It?
A system failure or lagging system is when you open the task manager to find out the task draining your CPU. Identifying an unknown file in the task manager like yourphone.exe often leads to suspicion. The first thought that pops up in the mind seeing an executable file running in the background is TROJAN ATTACK.
But, not all executable files are Trojan, though many of them run the risk of being infected, executable files are an essential part of various apps. Thus, before telling you how to stop it from running, you must know what is yourphone.exe windows 10?
What Is YourPhone.exe Windows 10
Windows launched yourphone.exe process and made it a part of Windows 10. This process file synchronizes Windows 10 laptops with your Android and/or iOS phone. This helps in picking up exactly where you left when it comes to phone mishaps. From apps to media files, synced up phones with your Windows 10 laptops remain connected which is why Windows 10 users frequently find it running in the background.
This makes it pretty clear that the executable process file is not a trojan file, it is running in the background for a reason. But, if you plan to not use the process file often or ever or even for the sake of your computer's performance, you may choose to stop this process.
What is yourphone.exe Windows 10?
File Name: YourPhone.exe
Product Name: Microsoft Your Phone
Company Name: Microsoft Corporation
Internal Name: Your Phone
Legal Copyright: ©Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Size: 5.17 MB (mostly)
Path: C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.YourPhone
How To Stop YourPhone exe
Despite being a useful app, there not many people utilizing its benefits to the app's full potential and the reason is, yourphone.exe is still in the development process. Also, due to some amazing features like the ability to text from Windows 10, the executable process file requires to keep systems synced always. However, in the process, it consumes a bit of RAM.
As this executable file is needed to add a feature, disabling or removing it does not affect the performance of the computer. So, if you find this process file creating a bit of trouble for your system, you may simply stop it from running in the background. There are certain ways to do so. The following are the steps that you need to take to protect your RAM in case an executable process file like YourPhone exe keeps running in the background harming the health of your system.
Turn Off or Disable the Executable File
Steps to disable
 - Press the Windows or Start key together with S to open Search on Windows 10 or you may directly type on the search space as well.
 - In the space where 'Type Here' is mentioned, type in Background Apps.
 - Now click on the Background Apps from the options to open Settings for background apps.
 - Now find YourPhone from the list of running apps.
 - You will find a toggle button next to YourPhone.exe.
 - The lighted toggle button means it is ON. Click on the blue Toggle to switch it OFF.
 - Now, close the Settings window.
 - Finally, Restart your system.
 - Open and check Task Manager, to find if YourPhone.exe is still running in the background and consuming the RAM and CPU of your system.
Remove the YourPhone.exe Process From Your Computer
Another alternative is to uninstall the YourPhone app. Being a built-in app it comes with the Windows 10 package. Thus, users can't simply uninstall it in the same way that they can in the case of apps.
 Steps to uninstall the executable file
 - Open the Cortana's Search Box on your Windows 10 desktop.
 - In the space where 'Type Here' is mentioned, type in the wordPowerShell.
 - From the options, find PowerShell and right-click on it to open the context menu.
 - Now find and select 'Run as Administrator', generally the second option in the list.
 - In the window, without disturbing the blinking cursor, start typing- "Get-AppxPackage Microsoft.YourPhone -AllUsers | Remove-AppxPackage"
 - Once you are done typing, click on Enter and wait, till the process completes.
 - Wait till you are notified of the uninstallation.
 - After the uninstallation of the executable process is complete, Restart your computer.
 - Restart Windows and then visit the Task Manager, to check and confirm the absence of the executable file.
Remove it Using the Uninstalling software
Some time, you are pretty frustrated with the errors and require to remove the software from your computer. However, you are trying everything but it does not remove from the computer due to crash in the system main applications. In that case, you need a software that can forcefully remove the software and give you a relief from the errors related to yourphone windows 10 application.
1) Open a side tab in your browser to start the instructions.
2) download uninstaller windows program from the link and it will be in 5-10 minutes on your computer in.exe format.
3) Now, it is time to install this external application on your windows 10 system, you can use double click or run it like any other file.
4) Installing will start now and it will ask you some basic questions to finish the setup.
5) Fill all the values and complete all the setting to install the whole application.
6) Now, you need to finish our main task of uninstall of your phone exe file, to do this thing, just run the installed application and choose the yourphone.exe file and press the uninstall button. Software will start things automatically and remove the whole files related to this application to make your system safer and error less.
 The executable process file in concern is not a trojan file or infected malware. it is a legitimate Windows 10 process file, but to be confirmed always use one good and reliable anti-virus software for your computer.
Keeping an anti-virus installed on your computer is always recommended by experts for the maintenance of your computer's health and protection of your private data. I think you got all the ideas related to this.exe file and now every process clears for you to make your system without any error. Share our content if you like it thanks.
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The new morals and manners of the 1920s were reflected in a. women's fashions b. the Great Migration c. the new factory jobs d. politics
1 Answer | Add Yours
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pohnpei397 | College Teacher | (Level 3) Distinguished Educator
Posted on
Of the options given here, the best choice is A; women's fashions.
During the 1920s, the society of the United States was undergoing some fairly significant changes. Most importantly, women were becoming much more liberated. More of them had jobs. More of them lived away from their parents. There were many more ways to have fun and more time in which to enjoy them so many women went out a lot. They were doing things that had not really been possible for women in previous years.
These new moral and manners were most clearly reflected in women's fashions. In the 1920s, the corsets and heavy clothes that had, in a very physical way, constricted women's lives were gone. Now, women started wearing much shorter dresses, often without sleeves. The fabrics were very lightweight. Women could move much more easily in them. This meant that the new social freedoms that women were enjoying were also reflected in their clothes. They had more freedom in both a physical sense and a social sense.
This is why A is the best answer.
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Chewie and the Porgs is a canon young readers Star Wars picture book written by Kevin Shinick with illustrations by Fiona Hsieh. It was published by Disney–Lucasfilm Press on December 15, 2017.
Publisher's summary[]
A picture book tied to Star Wars: The Last Jedi.
From Emmy award-winning writer Kevin Shinick comes a lovable tale of Chewbacca the Wookiee and the pesky porgs of Ahch-To Island. Featuring adorable illustrations by artist Fiona Hsieh.[1]
Plot summary[]
A group of small birds known as porgs are enjoying peace and tranquility on the planet of Ahch-To when their quiet day is shattered by the arrival of a YT-1300 freighter, the Millennium Falcon. The porgs scatter in a panic, but then gather to watch two beings emerge from the Falcon, a young female human named Rey and a male Wookiee named Chewbacca, whom the porgs observe as being covered in fur and hear referred to by the girl as "chewy." They wonder if he might be a food-source, as he appears from their distance to be bite-sized and they are very hungry.
Chewbacca returns to the inside of the Falcon where, with the astromech droid R2-D2 he works to prepare the vessel for Rey's return when the ship's scanners detect intruders. Chewbacca exits to investigate, but the porgs use their natural skills to camouflage themselves. Chewbacca, however, is not fooled for long and the porgs discover to their chagrin that he is not bite-sized. He scares them away with a roar, but one porg stays, not scared by his roar, but flies away at the sound of his rumbling stomach. Chewbacca is hungry, but has nothing to eat.
Chewbacca, surrounded by adoring porgs
Chewbacca sets out the next day in search of food, but is constantly hampered by the porgs. He searches for berries, but finds only Ahch-Tonian grubs. He sets a trap, but catches only porgs. He tries fishing using the grubs, but gets no bites, and his remaining bait is eaten by the porgs. He tries asking the Caretakers of Ahch-To for help, only to learn that fishing season is over.
While Chewbacca strikes out, the porgs decide to explore the Millennium Falcon. They are amazed by the ship's many lights and when Chewbacca returns he finds a porg party in progress aboard the vessel. Having had enough, he roars and sends the porgs scattering off the vessel. He then raids the ship's stores, finding a bag of Blue Puff Cubes. He heads outside, builds a campfire and begins roasting one of the cubes, only to then spot a group of porgs gathered around the bag with the remaining cubes. He widens his eyes in shock and then roars, scaring the porgs and then chasing after them. He then, however, notices something sad, that one of the landing struts of the Falcon had crushed the porgs' winter food stores.
Relenting, Chewbacca boards the Falcon and uses the vessel's sensors to scan the island, then calls for the porgs to follow him. He guides them to a hidden lake that has escaped the winter chill and still contains many fish, as it is "Wookiee Fun Fact #1" that Wookiees have hearts of gold. The porgs cluster around Chewbacca in joy and together the group has fun times, as they feast together, play, and discover a new way of playing holochess. Chewbacca eventually has to leave with Rey, but cuddles with a clutch of porgs having learned a valuable lesson, and leaves with several new porg friends aboard the Millennium Falcon.
The title presents several "Wookiee Fun Facts"—"#17: Wookiees are always hungry," "#35: Turns out Wookiees hate Ahch-Tonian grubs," "#77: Nothing tastes better than warmly toasted Blue Puff Cubes" and "#1: Wookiees have hearts of gold."
Explore all of Wookieepedia's images for this article subject.
Cover gallery[]
Notes and references[]
External links[]


text:
China has been pushing the dystopian aspects of its society fairly aggressively of late. The country has rolled out a social "credit" monitoring system, in which citizens are rated based on the social media posts and actions of both themselves and their friends and family. Those with low social credit(Opens in a new window) scores have been banned from purchasing domestic flights, banned from certain schools, prevented from using credit cards, and blocked from certain jobs. Now, one Chinese firm is claiming to have gone yet farther, and monitors the brainwaves of its employees through sensors embedded in caps they're required to wear.
It might sound like a joke, but the company, Hangzhou Zhongheng Electric, is absolutely serious. According to the South China Morning Post(Opens in a new window), Hangzhou claims it uses this information to monitor stress levels and adjust break times and work assignments. The SCMP report says, "Concealed in regular safety helmets or uniform hats, these lightweight, wireless sensors constantly monitor the wearer's brainwaves and stream the data to computers that use artificial intelligence algorithms to detect emotional spikes such as depression, anxiety or rage."
Hangzhou Zhongheng Electric claims that it has boosted company profits by roughly 2 billion yuan ($315 million) since it began in 2014. There's reason to be exceptionally skeptical of that number. First, there's absolutely no evidence that the information gathered by EEGs can actually be used for the purposes the company says it's using it for. Attempting to read emotional state information from an EEG based on data gathered from an in-cap sensor is anything but straightforward, as this paper details(Opens in a new window). It's theoretically possible to use an EEG to gather some information about what a person is feeling in any given moment, but it's not nearly as simple as slapping some electrodes on someone's skin and measuring how "happy" they are feeling.The only image we were able to obtain for the brainwave monitoring system. Apologies for potato.
This type of dystopian monitoring is precisely the kind of tool that could undermine employee morale rather than raising it. Employers obviously have an interest in the health and well-being of their employees, but it's not hard to see how this kind of information could be used to abuse or threaten individuals. It's also not at all clear how these states could be correlated to useful information about employees as a group. Not only are people going to feel different baseline levels of stress, but people often feel stress while at work for reasons unrelated to the job itself. Meanwhile, some people simply don't become particularly stressed, no matter what they're doing. Trying to create any kind of "standard" people are supposed to adhere to is simply nightmarish.The idea that one's employer is entitled to brainwave information about someone's mental state is as close to thoughtcrime as we've ever been. There are no benefits large enough to justify this kind of intrusion into people's personal lives. There is no acceptable reason for giving an employer access to what someone is thinking or feeling. It's a virtual certainty that Hangzhou Zhongheng Electric is exaggerating both the effectiveness of this technology and the money they've made by using it, but in the off chance that someone actually invents it, let's be clear: This is not a capability that has any business being deployed in any company, anywhere, for any reason.


text:
Voice Assistants, love them, or hate them, are becoming more and more commonplace. One problem for voice assistants is the situation of multiple devices listening in the same place. When a command is given, which device should answer? Researchers at CMU's Future Interfaces Group [Karan Ahuja], [Andy Kong], [Mayank Goel], and [Chris Harrison] have an answer; smart assistants should try to infer if the user is facing the device they want to talk to. They call it direction-of-voice or DoV.
Currently, smart assistants use a simple race to see who heard it first. The reasoning is that the device you are closest to will likely hear it first. However, in situations with echos or when you're equidistant from multiple devices, the outcome can seem arbitrary to a user.
The implementation of DoV uses an Extra-Trees Classifier from the python sklearn toolkit. Several other machine learning algorithms were considered, but ultimately efficiency won out and Extra-Trees was selected. Another interesting facet of the research was determining what facing really means. The team had humans 'listeners' stand in for smart assistants. A 'talker' would speak the key phrase while the 'listener' determined if the talker was facing them or not. Based on their definition of facing, the system can determine if someone is facing the device with 90% accuracy that rises to 93% with per-room calibration.
Thanks [Karan] for sending this in!


The following is taken from a practice GRE question:
Two experimental techniques determine the mass of an object to be $11\pm 1\, \mathrm{kg}$ and $10\pm 2\, \mathrm{kg}$. These two measurements can be combined to give a weighted average. What is the uncertainty of the weighted average?
What's the correct procedure to find the uncertainty of the average?
I know what the correct answer is (because of the answer key), but I do not know how to obtain this answer.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Forget that it is an average. Do you know how to combine errors for sums (and products)? $\endgroup$ – genneth Sep 29 '11 at 1:22
 - $\begingroup$ I added homework tag because it is of that nature even though it is not literally homework $\endgroup$ – genneth Sep 29 '11 at 1:23
 - $\begingroup$ Yes, but doing this, I arrive at $\sqrt{5}/2$. According to the practice test, this is incorrect. $\endgroup$ – Jonathan Gleason Sep 29 '11 at 2:12
 - 10
 $\begingroup$ The people who make up these tests at ETS are usually incompetent, and it is often impossible to read their minds. You should just say what answer they got, so people can try to work backwards to extract whatever flawed reasoning they used. There is no other way to solve ETS problems other than learning the psychology of the testers. $\endgroup$ – Ron Maimon Sep 29 '11 at 3:51
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ This is a rather specific question, sort of on the verge of being closeable as "too localized," but I edited it a little to try and keep it general enough to stay open. The thing is, because the answer key is wrong, there's not much to say in an answer except explaining the general procedure for combining uncertainties, and I'm pretty sure that's already covered by other questions here and on many other sites. $\endgroup$ – David Z Sep 29 '11 at 4:56
I agree with _USER_ Maimon that these ETS questions are problematic. But this is (i think) the reasoning they go with. Unlike _USER_'s assumption you should not take the normal average, but as stated in the question the weighted average. A weighted average assigns to each measurement $x_i$ a weight $w_i$ and the average is then
$$\frac{\sum_iw_ix_i}{\sum_i w_i}$$
Now the question is what weights should one take? A reasonable ansatz is to weigh the measurements with better precision more than the ones with lower precision. There are a million ways to do this, but out of those one could give the following weights:
$$w_i = \frac{1}{(\Delta x_i)^2},$$ which corresponds to the inverse of the variance.
So plugging this in, we'll have
$$c = \frac{1\cdot a+\frac{1}{4}\cdot b}{1+\frac{1}{4}}= \frac{4a+b}{5}$$
$$\Delta c = \sqrt{\left(\frac{\partial c}{\partial a}\Delta a\right)^2+\left(\frac{\partial c}{\partial b}\Delta b\right)^2}$$
$$\Delta c = \sqrt{\left(\frac{4}{5}1\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{5}2\right)^2}=\sqrt{\frac{16}{25}+\frac{4}{25}}=\sqrt{\frac{20}{25}}=\sqrt{\frac{4}{5}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt5}$$
which is the answer given in the answer key.
Why $w_i=1/\sigma_i^2$
The truth is, that this choice is not completely arbitrary. It is the value for the mean that maximizes the likelihood (the Maximum Likelihood estimator).
$$P(\{x_i\})=\prod f(x_i|\mu,\sigma_i)=\prod\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma_i}}\exp\left(-\frac{1}{2}\frac{\left(x_i-\mu\right)^2}{\sigma_i^2}\right)$$. This expression maximizes, when the exponent is maximal, i.e. the first derivative wrt $\mu$ should vanish:
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu}\sum_i\left(-\frac{1}{2}\frac{\left(x_i-\mu\right)^2}{\sigma_i^2}\right) = \sum_i\frac{\left(x_i-\mu\right)}{\sigma_i^2} = 0 $$
Thus, $$\mu = \frac{\sum_i x_i/\sigma_i^2}{\sum_i 1/\sigma_i^2} = \frac{\sum_iw_ix_i}{\sum_i w_i}$$ with $w_i = 1/\sigma_i^2$
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ luksen explained how to find a weighted average, but I did not see a direct answer to the question. If the weighted average is calculated by the precision of each measurement do we still find an error? Or because we used error to find the weighted average, it is included in the result? $\endgroup$ – Tsangares Jan 25 '17 at 1:20
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ So what is the answer to the question? $\endgroup$ – ProfRob Apr 27 '17 at 18:37
It would be highly unreasonable to obtain the uncertainty of the average of the measurements to be greater than the uncertainty of any one measurement (√5/2 > 1). After all, what's the point in taking averages if it just makes your readings more uncertain?
I believe the ETS people used the argument that the harmonic sum of the individual variances should give the reciprocal of the average's variance i.e. 1/v = 1/v1 + 1/v2, as detailed here: _URL_
Since other questions as well as Google point to this question, I would like to extend the already existing answer from luksen by a motivation from the stochastic for using the error propagation equation.
Let's assume we have $n$ random measurements $X_i$, typically denoted by $E\{X_i\} \pm \sigma_i$ (or $x_i \pm \Delta x_i$), whereas $E\{\cdot\}$ and $\sigma_i$ denote the expected value and the standard deviation, respectively. According to the question, we are interested in the weighted average of these measurements, calculated by $Y = \frac{\sum_i w_i X_i}{\sum_i w_i}$ ($=c$). Thanks to the linearity of the expected value, it is rather easy to get $$E\{Y\} = E\left\{\frac{\sum_i w_i X_i}{\sum_i w_i} \right\} = \frac{\sum_i w_i E\{ X_i\}}{\sum_i w_i}.$$ For the variance $\sigma^2$, we need a few more lines but no hacky tricks. $$\begin{align} \sigma^2 &= E\left\{(Y-E\{Y\})^2\right\} = E\left\{\left(\frac{\sum_i w_i X_i}{\sum_i w_i} - E\left\{\frac{\sum_i w_i X_i}{\sum_i w_i} \right\} \right)^2\right\} \\ &= \frac{1}{(\sum_i w_i)^2} E\left\{ \left(\sum_i w_i X_i\right)^2 - 2 \left(\sum_i w_i X_i\right) \left(\sum_j w_j E\{X_j\}\right) + \left( \sum_i w_i E\{X_i\} \right)^2 \right\} \\ &= \frac{1}{(\sum_i w_i)^2} E\left\{ \sum_{i,j} w_i X_i w_j X_j - 2 \sum_{i,j} w_i X_i w_j E\{X_j\} + \sum_{i,j} w_i E\{X_i\} w_j E\{X_j\} \right\} \\ &= \frac{1}{(\sum_i w_i)^2} \sum_{i,j} w_i w_j \left( E\{X_i X_j\} - 2 \cdot E\{X_i\} E\{X_j\} + E\{X_i\} E\{X_j\} \right) \\ &= \frac{1}{(\sum_i w_i)^2} \sum_{i,j} w_i w_j \left( E\{X_i X_j\} - E\{X_i\} E\{X_j\} \right) \\ &= \frac{1}{(\sum_i w_i)^2} \sum_{i,j} w_i w_j \cdot Cov(X_i, X_j) \end{align}$$ The


Toga Himiko's name meaning in Japanese
{NEW!} Kanji Name Translation Service
Toga Himiko's name meaning in Japanese
Toga Himiko written in kanjiMy Hero Academia
Kanji and meanings of Toga's name
A dark heroine, Toga Himiko! Her name was written in katakana first, but later how to write it in kanji letters was revealed.
It seems they show both her quirk and dreadful background. What's hidden in her name? Let's see it together!
Toga written in kanji
The first letter means to pass something or to get across. The second one means myself.
The whole word TOGA can be interpreted "pass myself (to someone)". Toga Himiko says that she wants to become completely the same as someone she loves. In a way, she throws herself away to be her beloved one. "Passing herself" name may express this twisted way of her loving someone.
The family name Toga exists in reality, but it doesn't use the same kanji as her name.
For your information, the sound TOGA can mean a sin in Japanese. It may imply the fact that she's a criminal and in a dark side.
Himiko written in kanji
The first kanji HI means "to suffer" or "to wear or pull something over one's head". This character contains negative nuance and we usually don't use it for a person's name.
The second one MI means body or oneself.
And the third one KO means a kid and it's a suffix letter for girl names.
If we understand them literally, it means "wear oneself". I think it seems there are two meanings in it.
One is simply her quirk, Transform. To wear someone's body.
The other is related to her past. She has suppressed her real emotion and herself and been wearing a mask of a normal person until the murder case she committed when she was in junior high. In this case, her name can be interpreted as "wear myself".
The first name HIMIKO is an ancient queen's name of Japan. It's said she was the first king in Japan. Details about her are still wrapped in a mystery, but we all learn about her name in our history class.
Himiko was a shaman and therefore she frequently appears as a mystic character with some mysterious powers in manga and anime.
Since HI letter in her name uses kanji with bad meaning, we don't name a person Himiko. It only shows up in creative works.
Get Toga Himiko's cute Nendoroid!
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what does toga himiko mean in japanese? an amazing secret behind her name...
Your comment encourages me!


text:
Province of Corrientes
This national parks has its origin in
a donation by Dr. Troels M. Pedersen who gave his estancia to the National
Parks Administration. The 15,060 ha are in the NW of the province of Corrientes,
on the northern shores of the system of marshes of the Iberá system.
The park is large enough to
contain representative samples of the major habitats of that part of the
province, all in an exceptionally good state of conservation, providing
thus habitat for the varied fauna of the area. Here there is a remarkably
varied Biodiversity due to the fact that three major biomes are present:
the chaco, espinal and paranaense rainforests.
The eastern reaches of the chaco are here represented by a mosaic of forest
patches, palm groves, grassland and marshes. The two most characteristic
trees are the two quebrachos (red and white), urunday and viraró.
In the lower land Prosopis alagarrobo trees grow with Celtis and Copernicia,
The paranaense rainforest here is represented by patches of alecrín,
pindó palms, the giant cane (Guadua angustifolia) and laurels.
The espinal is represented by dry woods, Syagrus Yatay palm groves, grassland
steppe and shallow marsh.
Amongst the endangered fauna one can find the manned wolf, the paraná
otter and the two species of cayman - latirostris and yacare. Howler monkeys
are common in the forests and even around the headquarters - the old estancia
In the Santa Lucía marshes on the southern border of the park there
is a varied fauna of fish species with the dorado, giant surubí
catfish, Loricaria armoured catfish and others.
HOW TO GET
The road through
the park is the east-west route 84 which joins the localities of Palma
Grande and Mburucuyá. The park is some 150 km from the city of
Corrientes and access from here is along routes 12, 17 and 13 to Mburucuyá.
TO THE VISITOR
There is an area
for rough camping. A nature trail leaves from nearby, the Yatay trail
through different habitats in the park - woods, palm groves, grassland
Thanks to APN - Administración
de Parques Nacionales


text:
28 Years of Teaching…….
In 28 years of teaching piano, my goals have been to:
. Instill confidence in my students
(Trusting oneself is as important in life as it is at the piano)
. Give my students hope
(Looking forward to a better musical future keeps students motivated in life as well)
The ultimate goal of taking piano lessons is to add to our happiness. Why else would we do it?


text:
For boating and fishing enthusiasts, knowing the depth of the bordering body of water is crucial to understanding the value and capability of the property. While the depth of a body of water is subject to change (sometimes abruptly), the ability of owners to get their crafts in and out of the creeks and rivers that feed the Chesapeake Bay has remained fairly constant over time.
Generally speaking, the creeks and rivers that surround the Bay are classified in the three ways:
- Deep Water (6′ or deeper) that can handle most types of recreational motorized boating as well as most sailboats.
- Shallow Draft (2-6′) that can handle most motorized recreational boats up to roughly 25′ in length
- Kayak/Canoe Depth (2′ or less) that are not safe to expect consistent ingress/egress for any craft other than those that are flat-bottomed and/or self-propelled.


text:
On Africa Day, OACPS commends the people of the African continent and the African Diaspora on their rich cultural heritage and commits to helping them build back better after COVID-19
STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY–GENERAL OF THE ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN AND PACIFIC STATES, H.E. GEORGES REBELO PINTO CHIKOTI, ON THE CELEBRATION OF AFRICA DAY 2021
Brussels, 25 May 2021/OACPS: Today, in celebration of the 58th anniversary of Africa Day, the Secretary-General of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS), H.E. Mr. Georges Rebelo Pinto Chikoti, underlines on behalf of this Organisation, which is proud to include 48 countries from sub-Saharan Africa among its membership, the importance of this historic day that recognises the creation of the African Union Organisation in 1963.
Taking note of this year's theme of, "The AU Year of Arts, Culture and Heritage: Levers to Build the Africa We Want", the Secretary-General acknowledges Africa's rich and diverse cultural heritage, which has served as the base for the socio-economic growth and social progress made in key areas such as improved access to education, job creation, entrepreneurship development, and more stable and peaceful societies. This dynamism translates into comparatively higher economic growth than in other regions of the world, and bodes well for a better future for the continent.
Secretary-General Chikoti notes that an important step has been taken in the process of economic integration through the launch of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which provides a platform to accelerate productive transformation and the creation of regional value chains.
While taking into account the difficult context marked by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular on the creative and culture sector, thus jeopardizing the socio-economic progress made in Africa, the Secretary-General calls on development and international partners to support post-COVID strategies that aim to strengthen the capacity of the countries of the South to produce vaccines, and to reduce their dependence on external markets – important steps necessary to propel the development of dynamic formal economic sectors, and the creation of quality jobs.
Today, the Secretary General commends the people of the African continent and the African diaspora as a whole, and reaffirms the OACPS' commitment to helping its Members to recover and build back better after the pandemic. Furthermore, he reiterates the OACPS' commitment to realising the potential of the cultural and creative sector and its contribution to their social and economic development, and urges Member States to invest resources in the promotion of African culture, creativity and heritage.


text:
Wildlife Research at the Ames Plantation
Ames Plantation is home to a wide array of wildlife, including species that are not usually found in western Tennessee. For example, eagles have been seen here. Rare species such as the painted bunting and Bachman Sparrow also have been seen at Ames. These animals require special habitats to support them. These habitats are often found in places associated with areas maintained to support quail populations or places where intense forest practices have been conducted.
On the other hand, game animals abound. Deer and turkey are abundant. Squirrels are numerous. And, of course, as home to the Nation Championship Field Trials, quail habitat is intensively managed to support excellent quail populations.
Research has been conducted on many wildlife species, including studies on mice, hawks, beaver, coyotes and deer, just to name a few. Wildlife research often requires that students be at Ames for weeks, and sometimes, months at a time. Students from the University of Tennessee, University of Memphis and Mississippi State University conduct research at Ames. Scholars from around the world come to see what is happening here.
A hunting program to manage big game animals is in place at Ames. Hunters have the opportunity to hunt deer, turkey and squirrel. Duck habitats and blinds are under construction.
Ames Plantation's wildlife provides unique opportunities to observe, hunt or conduct research. Ames is place where wildlife can thrive.


text:
Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in your hand. Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
Forces acting on the bucket are
- Muscular force
- Gravitational force
Muscular force is used to hold the bucket containing the water and gravitational force is pulling the water down.
Here, both muscular force and gravitational force are equal.
Therefore, there is no change in state of motion of bucket.


do this is to set the ForceExecutionResults property value to Failure on the task we want to fail. (This is a great trick to remember whenever you're testing your SSIS packages.)
In this case, I configure the property on the second Data Flow task so it will fail. Now when I run the package, the package will stop at the second Data Flow task, as shown in Figure 2. Notice that the first three tasks ran successfully, as I would have expected, and the Data Flow task has failed.
Figure 2: Running an SSIS package configured to fail
Because the package failed at a task configured to use checkpoints, the XML checkpoint file is retained in the designated folder. If you view the file's content, you should see a set of XML elements and attributes similar to those shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Viewing the XML checkpoint file after package failure
Notice first that the file contains a element and embedded within that is a single element. The element describes the number user-defined variable I added to the package when I first created it. One of the elements within the element is , and as you can see, the value has been set to 2, which was the current value when the package failed (after the Script task had sent the value to 2). This confirms that SSIS has properly maintained the variable value.
Next in the XML file, you'll find three elements. Each element corresponds to one of the tasks that ran successfully. (The GUID identifies the executable associated with the XML element.)
Because our SSIS package has been configured to use checkpoints, SSIS will reference the XML file if you rerun the package. SSIS will see that the three tasks ran successfully and start at the next task in the control flow.
However, before rerunning the package, you must address the problem that caused the package failure. In this case, that means reconfiguring the ForceExecutionResults property on the second Data Flow task by setting the property value to None, the default value. Now when you rerun the package, it will use the checkpoint file and start where it left off, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Rerunning an SSIS package that uses checkpoints
As you can see, the first three control flow components do not run because the checkpoint file shows that they have already run. So the package starts running at the second Data Flow task, the task that had originally failed.
Once the package completes running successfully, SSIS deletes the XML checkpoint file. If you were to rerun the package again, SSIS would start at the beginning.
Implementing Checkpoints
Clearly, checkpoints can be a handy tool if you want to avoid having to rerun components that manage large amounts of data. But you have to be careful not to implement them in ways that result in data not being managed correctly. For example, you should be wary implementing checkpoints on a Foreach Loop container or if you want to process multiple components as a unit. And you shouldn't implement checkpoints unnecessarily. For instance, in our example above, implementing checkpoints on the first Execute SQL task would have provided little benefit. That said, checkpoints can be quite useful when working with large datasets. So consider using them when necessary, but use them wisely.


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Today's tutorial is an in-depth overview of how to use the Up To Replenishment method for purchasing. Up To is one of the most common Advanced Forecasting methods in Prophet 21.
What is an Up To Item in P21?
There are four main calculations that make up the Up To Replenishment method in Prophet 21.
- Order Point: Lead time, Review Cycle, and Safety Stock all factor heavily into the calculations for Order Point.
- Order Quantity: The calculations for Net Stock and Order Point both factor into this final calculated number.
- Required Units: This fourth calculation only applies to a purchasing unit of measure with a different unit size or a case of items.
We have already done an in-depth tutorial on the first calculation, Net Stock (learn about Net Stock here). This training focuses on the other three calculations in the Up To Replenishment method: Order Point, Order Quantity, and Required Units.
How to Calculate Order Point:
Order Point adds your Lead Time Days, Review Cycle Days, and Safety Stock Days into one number. The calculation then multiplies that number by the Daily Usage.
- Daily Usage: The Forecast Usage for the next month is divided by the calendar days of the month you run it in.
- Lead Time Days are either the Calculated Lead Time or Published Lead Time on the item.
- Review Cycle is how often you look at this item or product line. This video tutorial covers where you can set Review Cycle and explains the factors that control it.
- Effective Safety Stock Days for this item are set to thirty straight days. This video tutorial explains Safety Stock Days and how to set them in Prophet 21.
Example: Add 45 (Lead Time Days) + 14 (Review Cycle Days) + 30 (Safety Stock Days) together. That combined number is multiplied by the Daily Usage for a Calculated Order Point of 376.
- When you move to the bottom of the Order Point calculation, you will find the MAX calculation. Right beside the MAX is an Item Order Point (in this example, the Item Order Point is 100).
- Item Order Point is the manual Order Point (or Min) on an item.
- This function takes the Max (The greater of the two numbers—in this case, the calculated Order Point) and moves it further down through the calculation.
How to Calculate Order Quantity:
Order Quantity has several different factors that play into the calculation.
- The first calculation is the Max.
- This calculation takes your listed Period Usage (your forecast usage) and multiplies it by the set minimum Periods to Supply (months in this instance).
- ABC Class is an important factor that affects the Periods To Supply number.
Example: The Max Calculation takes the listed Period Usage of _PHONE_ and multiplies it by three (months) Periods to Supply and gets a result of 393.
- The second calculation works with the Max and the Order Point we got in the previous calculations (in this case, the Calculated Order Point).
- The Max shows that the Order Quantity is based on whichever is the greater number between Periods To Supply or Order Point. That number will move down to the final part of this calculation.
Example: Since the Calculated Order Point is the greater number, the value of 393 moves down. And to the right, it subtracts the Net Stock value found in the very first calculation. The final Order Quantity of 250 is then populated on the far left of this screen.
How to Calculate Required Units:
The three main calculations for the Up To Method are the Net Stock, Order Point, and Order Quantity. There is also a chance for a fourth calculation though.
If your preferred purchasing method was a CASE of individual eaches, you would have a final calculation for Required Units.
The first calculated number would be divided by the unit size, which would tell you what your required units were.
Example: If I had ten items in a case, and my Order Quantity was the 250 we calculated above, I would order twenty-five cases.
However, the Required Units calculation does not apply in our previous examples because the required units were in Each or EA.
The Up To method is a little bit more complicated than Min Max, but it is an incredibly useful process to know. I probably have about a million monthly conversations with Atlas P21 customers about it.
You simply need to understand how Lead Time, Review Cycle, Safety Stock, even the manual Min (Order Point), and of course, Net Stock, which is the base of all these purchasing methods play into this calculation. And Prophet 21 does an excellent job of breaking down the formulas on the screens.
Continue Learning: How to effectively manage your inventory using MIN/MAX.
If you have ideas on other topics for similar tutorials or have a different video you want to see, comment below.
And if you need some in-depth help with using purchasing in Prophet 21, contact us for a free consultation.


How Do Snails Make Shells – How are They Formed
I was doing a bit of gardening recently when I came across a snail with a chunk of its shell missing. I thought to myself, how do these shells work? I wander if the little guy can grow another one…? I did some further digging, excuse the pun, and this is what I uncovered!
How do snails make shells?
Snails make their shells with a gland called the 'mucous pedal gland'. The function of this gland is to produce a calcium rich mucous which the snail spreads on the outer rim of the original shell. Over time this mucous hardens, at first forming a weak, soft edge that eventually becomes hard like the rest. This process is repeated as necessary to ensure the shell grows along with the snail. Land, garden and sea snails all follow the same shell growth process.
Through my research I also discovered that there are over forty thousand species of snail and some of them only live in water. Can you imagine that?! I also discovered just how important a role the shells play in the life of a snail and how some of their reproductive methods are totally crazy. Check this out!
Do snails have shells when they are born
All snails are born with a basic soft shell called a 'protoconch'. The shells are made of calcium carbonate, which is a chemical compound of calcium and protein also found in rocks, seashells and even dark green vegetables.
Where Do Snail Shells come from & How are Snail Shells Formed
As a snail reaches maturity, their original shell becomes the smallest part of the spiral we see in all snail shells. As the shell grows, it is pushed around the snail like an unwinding spring, this is the reason for the spiral shape. Because of the way the snail forms it's shell it is also capable of repairing it, the mucous excretion acting like glue to seal a wound – so I'm sure my little garden friend will be fine.
Now, given that the shell is made of calcium carbonate, you might have guessed that the main ingredient for the shell is calcium – this means that to grow a shell effectively, snails must consume large quantities of it to fuel their mucous production. All snails hatch from calcium dense eggs and instinct tells them to eat the eggshell after they hatch. This sets them on the path of seeking out calcium – from birth they hunt for anything and everything plant based containing this essential dietary ingredient (snails are omnivores with very few genetically exceptional species that may occasionally eat fish or other snails).
Land snails often look for green vegetables such as spinach and broccoli. Snails that spend their lives in the water have a diet primarily consisting of plants like algae and kelp.
Diet has a large impact on the pattern of the shell too! Snails with a diverse diet tend to have more vibrant and interesting patterned shell, which is why sea snails living in warmer climates tend to be the most eye-catching, due to the larger variety of available foods.
How Do Snails Make Shells
How Do Snails Make Shells
Why do snails have a shell?
The purpose of a snail's shell is very diverse and it's kind of like a little snail house, though it's technically a living part of the snail. Because of the genetic make-up of a snail, like all members of the gastropod family, their entire body is very moist – maintained by their mucous production mentioned earlier – as such, they require a moist environment to survive.
This is why we rarely see snails on the sidewalk when it's sunny and dry, it makes it very difficult and uncomfortable for the snail to move around as it has to produce far more mucous to do so. If it's really hot, then the shell acts as a very necessary sun shield where the snail can retreat into and stay nice and wet. Shells are also very useful as a means of defence against predators such as birds and fish – the strong shell being virtually impenetrable to many species.
They can also hide well as their shells often camouflage well with the environment in which they get their food from – as I mentioned earlier, the shell pattern and colour changes based on diet. If a snail feels threatened it can retract its entire body into the shell so that only very persistent and well-equipped predators can get at them. Birds like the song thrush will clasp a snail in its strong beak and repeatedly smash it against a solid object until they successfully break the hard shell.
Other large predators such as blue jays, ravens, hawks and owls will actually swallow smaller snails whole, in which case the shells are likely only to cause a minor stomach upset for their attackers…hardly a fair trade!
How are snails attached to their shells?
While we might look at the shell as the snail's home, it is attached from birth and cannot be removed. The shell should be considered as an extension of the snail itself, like a human's ribcage.
Can a snail live without its shell or Do Snails Die when their Shells Break?
The short answer is, sadly, no. So, if my little friend's shell was more severely damaged, he probably wouldn't have made it.
Imagine if your rib cage was on the outside of your body. Our ribcage is very important for our survival as it protects our important bits! Without our ribcage we couldn't survive as it supports our ability to breathe and it is the same for the snail. Not only does the snail breathe through a breathing hole in its shell, it simply wouldn't survive the elements without it. Who would have known that a snail's greatest defence mechanism is also one of its most vital organs!
Can snails regrow their shells?
As mentioned earlier, a snail can make minor repairs to their shell as needed, however, to regrow the entire shell would sadly be impossible because to lose the shell means death.
Where do snails come from? Reproduction and more!
One of the most interesting finds I came across in my search for snail information is that the majority of snails don't reproduce like humans, or many other mammals at that. In fact, their reproduction methods are incredibly rare in the sense that most snails are hermaphrodites. This means that the snail is both male and female – possessing all necessary elements required to produce both egg and sperm. This means that a snail can reproduce all by itself, isn't that crazy?! While it is possible for snails to reproduce by themselves, they generally prefer to find a mate, because the chance of survival for a baby snail that is self-fertilised is much lower than if they produce with a sexual partner.
One of the most fascinating discoveries I came across is that some species of snail use a mechanism commonly called a 'love dart'. Love darts are made up of calcium and contain hormones that help to enhance reproductive capability of the party that is 'shot' with the dart. Love darts are typically present in snails who have been sexually mature for a while and reproduced in the past. In the final stages of reproduction snails will shoot these love darts into their sexual partners as a part of the mating ritual.
The only problem is that sometimes these darts that are designed to help with successful reproduction, actually have the potential to pass right through the snail on impact and damage vital organs! It's a good thing these snails don't have thought processes like human beings – they are very instinct oriented beings. Otherwise these particular species would probably die out from fear of reproducing!
Save the snail shell!
What a journey that was – I hope you enjoyed learning about snails as much as I did! Remember that all snails are born with their shell and that it is vital for their survival. So, if you're ever in the garden and you see a snail with a cracked shell, you can help the snail by moving it out of the sun so that it doesn't dry out while it's repairing itself. Some people have been recorded to use glue or sticky tape successfully to help fix snail shells, but that might be a level of commitment you're not looking for with your little garden friends. (Or pests, depending on who you ask!)
Huge snail shell
Huge snail shell


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Significance and Use
The ring shear apparatus maintains the cross-sectional area of the shear surface constant during shear and shears the specimen continuously in one rotational direction for any magnitude of displacement and along entire cross-sectional area.
The ring shear apparatus allows a reconstituted specimen to be consolidated at the desired normal stress prior to drained shearing. This simulates the field conditions under which the fully softened strength develops in overconsolidated clays, claystones, mudstones, and shales because the fully softened strength corresponds to the peak shear strength of a normally consolidated clay.
The ring shear test is suited to the relatively rapid determination of drained fully softened shear strength because of the short drainage path through the thin specimen and failure occurring near the top porous stone.
The ring shear test minimizes the effect of initial disturbance that may result from adjusting/creating a gap before starting shearing, especially in the direct shear device.
The test results are primarily applicable to assess the shear strength of overconsolidated soils for drained analysis in slopes that do not have a pre-existing shear surface, sheared bedding planes, joints, or faults.
Note 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for performing a torsional ring shear test under a drained condition to determine the fully softened shear strength and nonlinear strength envelope of cohesive soils. The fully softened strength is used to evaluate the stability of slopes that do not have a preexisting shear surface. In addition, the fully softened shear strength corresponds to the peak shear strength of a normally consolidated specimen. This test method focuses on the use of a reconstituted specimen to measure the fully softened strength. This test method is performed by shearing a normally consolidated, reconstituted specimen at a controlled displacement rate until the peak shear resistance has been obtained. Generally, the drained fully softened failure envelope is determined at three or more effective normal stresses. A separate test specimen must be used for each normal stress to measure the fully softened strength otherwise a post-peak or even residual strength will be measured if the same specimen is used because of the existence of a shear surface.
1.2 The ring shear apparatus allows a reconstituted specimen to be normally consolidated at the desired normal stress prior to drained shearing. This simulates the field conditions under which the fully softened strength develops in overconsolidated clays, claystones, mudstones, and shales.
1.3 A shear stress-displacement relationship may be obtained from this test method. However, a shear stress-strain relationship or any associated quantity, such as modulus, cannot be determined from this test method because possible soil extrusion and volume change prevents defining the height needed in the shear strain calculations. As a result, shear strain cannot be calculated but shear displacement can be calculated.
1.4 The selection of normal stresses and final determination of the shear strength envelope for design analyses and the criteria to interpret and evaluate the test results are the responsibility of the engineer or office requesting the test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D6467 Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Determine Drained Residual Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils
consolidated; drained test conditions; fully softened shear strength; reconstituted specimens; ring-shear test; strength envelope;
ICS Number Code 13.080.20 (Physical properties of soil)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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Where do you begin when discussing mercy? I started the conversation in my Ramadan Day (RD) 1 post by defining "mercy" in English. I find that when your multilingual things often take on a deeper meaning, however, in trying to translate all of that meaning the richness of the concept or idea is lost on the reader. Trying to keep that in mind I felt the next best place to really explore "rahma" is Al Rahmanthe Most Merciful, God.
Muslims relationship with God begins with the Arabic word for GodAllah. If you open up a Christian Bible in Arabic, you will find it "littered" with the word Allah, because in Arabic, whether you are talking about the Muslim God or the Christian God, God in Arabic is Allah. The closest example of this simple concept, that is often very difficult to comprehend by non-Arabic speakers, is the Spanish word for GodDios. When you pick up a translation of the Bible or the Quran, the concept of God is expressed in the Spanish language as Dios. There are lots of people, on both the Muslim and Christian side, that claim that our God is not the God worshipped "those people." I don't much care for the distinctions that divide those two opinions because for me my perception of the God that is discussed in the Bible as well as in the Quran stems from the Abrahamic perception of God. Now whether Christians divide that concept by utilizing the Trinity, is in essence another story for another post. Similarly in Urdu and Farsi the word for God is Khuda and in prayers and conversation, Khuda and Allah are intermingled and exchanged according to the speakers preference and possibly the emphasis the speaker is trying to get across.
Both the Bible and Quran discuss attributes of GodGod will smite the evil doers, God will provide to the needy, God is compassionate, God is merciful, God is exacting, God is judge and just, God is everlasting, the Creator and these attributes go on. In Islam, however, the concept of God is never mixed up with the idea that God is cruel or that God is malevolent. I find that sometimes while reading the Bible I get this picture of God laughing at humanity and creation, but then again, there are multiple levels of translations that eschew the language of the Bible in ways that we, today at least, can't completely untangle.
One of the most important attributes in Islam of God is that God is Most Merciful (along with God being Most Generous). To give you an idea of the importance of this attribute take these examples: A simple phrase, Bismillah ir Rahman nir Rahim (translationIn the Name of Allah, Most Compassionate, Exceedingly Merciful) is recited before every meal; before starting a new task, before wearing new clothes, while sitting in a car, while endeavoring on a new task, before beginning a meeting and the list goes on. This same phrase is recited in the beginning of every reading of the Quran (except for one specific chapter of the Quran), in prayers it is recited in every standing section twice which, if praying all the prayers would mean a minimum of reciting it 35 times, but you add in their Surah Fatiha (The Opening Chapter) and you've double that amount. The short of it is that Muslims attune themselves to God's Mercy all the time.
One of the most beautiful chapters of the Quran is Surah Rahman, in which human kind is asked over and over again, after each example of creation listed in the chapterWhich of these favors of your Lord will you deny? For Muslims creation itself, along with everything in it, is a mercy from God, an opportunity to do good, to seek out goodness in oneself, to attain a self that is closest to God and God consciousness. Out of all the attributes of God that are expressed in the Quran, the most famous and the most worthy to call upon is ar Rahman- "Thy Lord is self-sufficient, full of Mercy: if it were God's will, God could destroy you, and in your place appoint whom God will as your successors, even as God raised you up from the posterity of other people." (Surah Al-An'am, verse 133)
To truly understand MERCY I find it hard to begin in any place besides God, because the Quran describes exactly how merciful God is. To embody MERCY, Muslims need to understand how forgiving God is. Its hard to comprehend that mercy because as humans we seem to have a hard time forgiving ourselves, but God has in the Quran and through examples given by the Prophet, expressed that he will be ever Merciful and ever Forgiving, we just need to turn to him with that faith and hope in his Mercy and Compassion.
Still want more? Go on to RD3—


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About the webinar
The webinar will present key new trends and data emerging from the 27 countries, including three new country profiles on Albania, Croatia, and Ireland. 2020 has seen positive steps towards new statelessness determination procedures, 1954 Convention reservations withdrawn, and measures to address barriers to birth registration. But the Index highlights that much remains to be done to bring law, policy, and practice in line with States' international obligations.
After the state of play update, a panel of invited experts will then offer their reflections on what the trends identified mean for stateless communities, national governments, regional institutions and other stakeholders and how we can better work together to ensure stateless people are not left behind in our complex and challenging times.
About the issue
A stateless person is someone who has no nationality, someone who is not recognised as a national by any State. Statelessness affects over half a million people in Europe – both people on the move and those who have lived in the same place for generations – denying many their fundamental rights. Its causes include state succession, gaps in nationality laws, discrimination, displacement, and nationality stripping.
Despite the extent of the problem, many states still lack robust policies to address statelessness. Critically, only a handful of countries in Europe have a dedicated statelessness determination procedure to identify people on their territory without a nationality and to offer appropriate protection status (including residence and other rights under the 1954 Convention) and subsequent naturalisation. Accessing regularisation routes and protection can be more difficult for stateless people due to their marginalisation and lack of documentation. Stateless refugees and migrants are often wrongly assigned a nationality or recorded as having 'unknown' nationality. The result can be a failure to identify (and prevent) the risk of statelessness among children born in exile, or barriers to protection, family reunification and naturalisation. A stateless person with no right to residence often has no country they can return to, so if their statelessness is not identified, they can face repeated, futile removal attempts and prolonged detention.