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A role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite invasion of anopheline mosquito salivary glands
By Jennifer S. Armistead, Iain B.H. Wilson, Toin H. van Kuppevelt and Rhoel R. Dinglasan
HS (heparan sulfate) has been shown to be an important mediator of Plasmodium sporozoite homing and invasion of the liver, but the role of this glycosaminoglycan in mosquito vector host–sporozoite interactions is unknown. We have biochemically characterized the function of AgOXT1 (Anopheles gambiae peptide-O-xylosyltransferase 1) and confirmed that AgOXT1 can modify peptides representing model HS and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in vitro. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the mosquito salivary gland basal lamina proteoglycans are modified by HS. We used RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HS biosynthesis in A. gambiae salivary glands to determine whether Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites that are released from mosquito midgut oocysts use salivary gland HS as a receptor for tissue invasion. Our results suggest that salivary gland basal lamina HS glycosaminoglycans only partially mediate midgut sporozoite invasion of this tissue, and that in the absence of HS, the presence of other surface co-receptors is sufficient to facilitate parasite entry
Topics: Research Article
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
OAI identifier:
Provided by: PubMed Central
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The cooling system is the most critical component in a laser cutter, a well maintained system will last many years if not indefinitely, also a well maintained system will increase the cooling efficiency and life span of the laser tube.
We know that the primary cooling fluid is water, but what is the difference between distilled, deionized and tap water?
Some people recommend the use of biocides and algicides to prevent bacterial growth. But why do we disagree?
We have written this article to help explain our reasoning and methodology for recommending the use of pure distilled water as a cooling medium with no added impurities.
Distilled water has low conductivity due to the absence of mineral content. This is important due to the high voltages present in a dc excited laser. By adding impurities and additives to the system you are not only increasing the fluids conductivity but also its ability to absorb minerals and oxygen present in the surrounding environment further increasing the conductivity.
Typically a DC excited laser operates with voltages in the range of 15-65kV thats 65,000V DC, at these voltages you have to take into consideration the air gap, conductivity of surrounding materials and the capacitive coupling effect of the glass laser tube. Its hard to comprehend but at these voltage levels electricity can travel through air, glass and water. By raising the conductivity of the cooling water, you are potentially creating a shorter (less resistant) path to ground for the electricity to travel. The end result of this can be
- Output power loss
- Damage to sensitive electronic equipment
- Positively charge cooling fluid, this can cause a range of issues including galvanic corrosion, this issue is further compounded when adding sodium based impurities such as bleach.
- A ringing noise coming from the power supply.
Image from _URL_
We are not going to attempt to calculate the conductivity of the cooling medium as this value will not be of any use to anyone.
What we will try to do is educate on why we believe pure distilled water to be the ultimate cooling medium.
- Tap water – Not recommended due to the presence of naturally occurring minerals, mineral content increases the conductivity of water.
- Engineered cooling fluid – specific fluids are now available for similar applications. At this present moment we haven't found anything that is as practical as distilled water.
- Deionized water – made by running water though electrically charged resin. If you have deionized water made from distilled water that has been sitting out exposed to air, it becomes ordinary distilled water. It's fine to use this type of leftover deionized water in place of distilled water. Unless you're certain it won't affect the outcome, do not substitute one type of water for another for any application that specifies which type to use.Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "The Difference Between Distilled and Deionized Water." ThoughtCo, Dec. 28, 2018, _URL_-versus-deionized-water-609435.
- Distilled water – a process that involves boiling water and condensing the steam to achieve a solution with a very low to no mineral content. The quality of distilled water is affected by the process and stages used during distillation.
Bacterial growth in cooling systems is a common issue we must overcome. Bacterial growth will reduce the cooling efficiency of the fluid, and in severe cases will reduce its ability to flow. Once a bacterial free system is achieved it can be maintained by regular water changes and the use of a silver coil.
Bacteria like most living organisms need light, food, water and suitable temperature to bread and survive. Unlike humans when conditions become unfavorable bacteria will spread spore that will remain dormant until the living conditions become unfavorable again.
This is why we recommended shocking the systems to kill off all spores and bacteria before attempting to maintain a bacteria free cooling system.
Preventing bacterial growth in a cooling system
- Seal the system, ensure minimal air can circulate the system, ensure air tight seals on hoses, ensure lids are always correctly seated etc. Ensure water return hose is always below the water level to prevent the return flow from aerating the water reservoir.
- Remove light exposure, replace the clear silicone hoses for black silicon hoses. This will stop the bacteria from receiving light exposure needed to aid growth.
- Heat, even when the laser is not in use it is advisable to keep the chiller running. Lower temperatures will slow down bacterial growth. This is not always possible or practical.
- Regular water changes, we recommend changing water once every 3 months. But for a well maintained system we have seen water free of bacteria after several years.
- Insert a silver coil into your water reservoir, the oligodynamic effects will cause damage and death to cells present in the cooling water.
Algaecides and Biocide treatments
We do not recommend the usage of algaecides or biocidal treatments due to the corrosiveness of some of these solutions, not to mention the effects on the ph instability that they can caused. They are simply not required as a preventative method of maintaining a bacterial free fluid.
The only method we recommended to prevent growth is a single silver coil in the reservoir.
Known as the oligodynamic effect, silver ions bond to cellular proteins and enzymes causing damage to cells and death. Silver can be purchased inexpensively for this exact purchase in the form of a silver coil. When placed into the cooling the silver oxidising releasing ions into the cooling medium. Do not be concerned about placing metal into the cooling water, it poses no risk of increasing the conductivity of the water, this is due to the fact that silver is insoluble in water.
If absolutely necessary the only algaecide we would recommend is the Tetra brand Algae Control, its primary active chemical is Polyquaternium (WSCP) also known as Poly[Oxyethylene(Dimethyliminio)Ethylene (Dimethyliminio)Ethylene Dichloride].
We often see people advising bleach being adding to your cooling formula as a biocide, most specifically the Clorox brand. If you take a few moments to study the safety data sheet of this product you will notice the two primary ingredients.
- Sodium hypochlorite – Its corrosive properties, common availability, and reaction products make it a significant safety risk. In particular, mixing liquid bleach with other cleaning products, such as acids or ammonia, may produce toxic fumes.Source wiki
- Sodium hydroxide – is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. Source wiki
The above properties make the product absolutely unsuitable for use in a cooling system with sensitive components as a long term solution.
Shocking a system with regular Chlorine based bleach and water mixture is ok as a short term solution to killing bacterial growth.
Mix chlorine based bleach with regular water at 1:4 ratio. Run this mixture around your system for 24 hours. Ensure this mixture is thoroughly flushed out the system. We recommend several flushing washes after shocking a system.
You can flush the system by draining all liquids, fill with regular tap water. Circulate for one hour, drain system and repeat.
For the final flush we recommend to flush with distilled water.
Bleeding air from your cooling loop
Pockets of localised air in the cooling loop of the laser tube will lead to a reduction in heat transfer, the larger the pocket of air the lower the efficiency of the loop to cool the specific area.
The laser tube is sensitive to temperatures greater than 25'c with long term irreparable damage being possible. air pockets located in the cooling cavities of the tubes optics, both reflective final mirror and columinating lens can lead to superheating of the optical components. This is also why bacterial growth is common to be found at either end of the tube, where conditions are hotter and more favorable for bacterial growth.
We have written an article that covers this subject in depth, we recommend having a read for yourself.
Please do not use cooling additives, they are simply not needed. If you are struggling to maintain stable temperatures in your cooling system your problem lies in your setup or chillers cooling ability, not the cooling waters ability to transfer heat.
A popular subject, we all know glass laser tubes tend to crack when filled with water and frozen. This is never a desirable scenario to find yourself in. We recommend the use of storage heaters, or if budget allows a chiller with heating function.
Antifreeze can be introduced into the system, but we would never recommend to rely on it for a long term solution as it has its trade offs.
Any antifreeze that is suitable for our specific application will have reduced thermal transfer properties. For example propylene glycol (the base chemical of most "RV Antifreeze" tends to change in viscosity and gel up in cold conditions.
Automotive antifreeze is not suitable for our application due to the presence of silicon hoses and sensitive gaskets in the chiller / water pump being susceptible to degradation.
If you absolutely have to use an antifreeze we recommend the use of 99.9% proof propylene glycol. But expect to see an increase in bacterial activity. In this case you will have to add a biocidal treatment to your cooling fluid.
Mix PG with distilled water at a 1:1 ratio.
Surfactants – a compound that lowers the surface tension of water to help with the removal of air. Once again using surfactants has its own trade offs, we recommend the best method of removing all air from a system is by using gravity

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Both disposable and cloth training pants are better than diapers because children can remove them by themselves. However, there is nothing magical about switching your child from a diaper into training pants. Some parents think that just switching their child to training pants will result in a child who is toilet trained. Unfortunately, it's not that easy.
For children in daycare, disposable training pants present less of an infection control and sanitation problem than do cloth pants, which must be saved and handed over to the parent. Regardless of whether your child is in daycare or at home, training pants should be changed quickly after he has peed or pooped in them to avoid skin irritation or damage. Toddlers can get diaper rash just as easily as infants do if they aren't changed often enough.


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From a Welsh Galileo to Somali Culture, This Is the Heritage That Shaped Wales; from the Welshman Who Observed the Moon at the Same Time as Galileo to the Family Who Were the First to Provide the Royal Navy with Steam Coal, Wales Is Awash with Lost Stories of Historical Achievement. Nowamajor Investment Will Help Uncover the Country's Lesser-Known Legends
Byline: Aled Blake reports
GALILEO GALILEI may have been more familiar with the moon than most of his contemporaries, but he had probably never heard of Carmarthenshire. So, in all likelihood, he would have been unaware that, as he gazed into the heavens, his activities were being emulated by the distinguished scholar Sir William Lower at his family home in Trefenty.
Sir William worked closely with Thomas Harriott, who, in 1609, produced the UK's first telescope - just a year after Galileo did the same.
And Wales' contribution to the embryonic space race didn't end there.
In the 1850s, Swansea's John Dillwyn Llewellyn took one of the earliest photographs of the moon from the Penllergaer Observatory - which he built for his daughter's 16th birthday.
A couple of decades later came the birth of celestial photography, by Denbigh-born Isaac Roberts - arguably the most important contribution to science by a man named Isaac since a certain Mr Newton sat underneath an apple tree.
The technique, which captured star clusters and nebulae and detailed interstellar gas clouds and galaxies, was pioneered in 1888.
With his technology, Roberts was the first person to identify the spiral shape of the Andromeda Nebula - Earth's neighbouring galaxy.
But Denbigh was not only the home to pioneering scientists such as Isaac Roberts.
From being a residence for royal princes to a refuge for a Royalist garrison during the Civil War - in fact Denbych translates as small fortress - the small market town has had a colourful history dating back before the Normans.
The town is first mentioned in records in the years following the Norman Conquest when it became a border town guarding the approach to the Hiraethog Hills and Snowdonia.
The town has a history of esteemed residents. One of many Denbigh men who were well regarded during the …
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. _URL_
Publication information: Article title: From a Welsh Galileo to Somali Culture, This Is the Heritage That Shaped Wales; from the Welshman Who Observed the Moon at the Same Time as Galileo to the Family Who Were the First to Provide the Royal Navy with Steam Coal, Wales Is Awash with Lost Stories of Historical Achievement. Nowamajor Investment Will Help Uncover the Country's Lesser-Known Legends. Contributors: Not available. Newspaper title: Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales). Publication date: February 25, 2009. Page number: 18. © 2009 MGN Ltd. COPYRIGHT 2009 Gale Group.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The spruces can be recognized
as a genus by the sharp pointed needles, nearly square in
cross-section (not strongly flattened) and attached to the
twigs by sterigmata.
The terminal branches of mature trees of Picea abies
often hang down giving them a distinctive appearance which
together with the very large cones make this an easily recognized
species. Smaller trees without cones may be mistaken for
Picea abies is native
to Eurasia. It is planted in Wisconsin, mostly around homes
and it occasionally escapes to adjacent sites. It escapes
more frequently than is indicated by the map, but is not
a problem species.


THE VALUE OF LANGUAGE IN STORYTELLING
 MARILYN KINSELLA
There are two components to the value of language in telling a story. Both of them combine so the listener will be present in the story.
First, there is the language used when writing-to-tell a story. To begin, the storyteller will pare down the story to its "bare bones". That is, writing the sequence of events in simple sentences. "Rumpelstiltskin" will be used as an example throughout this paper.
1. Young woman upset that she has to turn straw into gold to be married or she will lose her head.
2. Funny man turns straw into gold for a promise of a baby.
3. Young woman marries king and has child.
4. Funny man decides woman can keep child if his name is guessed.
5. After three tries the woman guesses his name.
Now, beef up the story. Go to the library and search for different versions. Take what you like from these versions. Decide whether you want to be true to the first version or, if you want to modernize it, fracture it, tell it from another point of view, tell it seriously or humorously.
After that, choose a setting - a time and place for the story. Visualize the characters. Is the young girl pretty, smart, determined, mealy-mouthed? What does the funny man have on? What does his voice sound like? After you "see" the characters give them as much dialog as possible to keep the story moving. When audiences listen to dialog, they feel as if they are listening in on a private conversation. It is much more compelling than constant narrative.
The following hints can spice up the story:
Alliteration: "...all weathered and worn."
Onomatopoeia: "The door (creaked) open." He disappeared with a (pop)." "She cried (boohoo - hoo)."
Imagery: One of the main differences in writing a story to tell as opposed to writing a story to read has to do with imagery. While writing a story for a book, you can lavish it with many similes, metaphors, personifications, descriptive passages and cute turn-of-words. But writing a story-to-tell can quickly become bogged down, if it becomes too flowery. Yes, a few of these can make a story blossom, but too many, and it's dead on the vine. Audiences like the action to move along.
I'll give you two examples.
1. The funny little ole man sat at the spinning wheel and he began to spin..."
2. The funny little ole man paraded around the room gathering up the multitude of straw, examining every piece thoroughly as if looking for gold in its very fiber. Finally, he meandered over to the ancient spinning wheel which hadn't seen much use in the last hundred years. It was coated with its own spun silk from generations of spiders..."
It is fun to read such passages, but not to listen to them. I often use the analogy of a paint-by-numbers set. You, as the storyteller, must give your listeners a carefully sketched outline of the scene. They must in turn take their experiences and color it in. They are then using their imaginations and becoming a part of the storytelling process. This is storytelling at its best.
Using commons senses: Anytime you can put in a touchy-feely word, do it. It makes you and the listener react to the story. Anything that smells, tastes, feels, etc., is good.
Participation: For younger audience - max. 8-9 yr. olds - you can add the following and have them participate as a group.
Rhymes - "Spinning, spinning the wheel goes round.
 Spinning, spinning without a sound."
Nature noises - snapping fingers for rain, clapping noises for thunder, swishing hands for the wind, etc.
Rhythms - snap fingers, clap hands, etc.
Mouth noises -"pops", "raspberries", whistles, etc.
For my final point in the value of language for stories writtento-be-told, I would like to stress the use of metaphor. The most powerful personal stories that I tell or have heard rely on the metaphor that is carried throughout the story. In "Sunday Visits" the metaphor is the treasure box. It is first introduced as my grandmother's memory box; then it becomes a gift from my grandfather; finally, it becomes my memory - my treasure box.
The second component to the value of language is in oral tradition. In storytelling the word is passed on orally not through reading. The most beautifully crafted story can fall flat if the storyteller can't breathe life into the words. This includes all the tools learned through public speaking. And all of them must be used - good eye contact, gestures, tone, accents, timing, pacing - all of it combines to enliven the story. Given those basic tools each storyteller develops his or her own style. This may be very dramatic or it could be simply sitting in a chair and keeping everyone captivated.
Probably, the most important aspect of telling is to be present in the story. If the story is around you, if you are in it, the magic of the words will transport you and your listeners on an unbelievable journey.
HOME TEACHER/TELLER


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A brand new video has just been released on A4i.tv about the Beaufort scale - a well-known wind measurement system but not well understood.
In this educational and entertaining video, Dipl-Ing. Norbert Tripp discusses the history of the Beaufort scale and how it works. He dives into the differences between wind speed, wind force and wind pressure, and how this scale is used to measure them.
By the end of the video, you'll have a far better understanding of the Beaufort scale and why it's important for ensuring the safety of your truss structures.


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History of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
The first people settled on the territory of modern Yakutia in remote ages. Archaeologists of the Republic have determined that ancient people began settling here by the early Paleolithic age. The first archaeological monuments appeared here during this time, they date back to the period between 300 thousand and 3 million years ago.
The largest group among the indigenous peoples of the republic, giving the latter its name, is the Yakut (self-name Sakha). They take up a distinctive position characterized by their language, traditional culture and physical appearance. Although the Yakut language belongs to the Turkic languages, it comprises a high percentage of 25.5 per cent of words of Mongolian origin and nearly 4 per cent of words of Tungus-Manchurian origin.
Presumably the Turkic tribes settled on the territory of modern Yakutia in a number of migration waves, the latest happened to take place in the 14-15 centuries. It is generally assumed that during the period of its formation an ethnic group adjusts to a certain landscape. Accordingly, Yakuts have formed as a nationality in the basin of the middle reaches of the river Lena, i.e. on the territory of central Yakutia.
Forefathers of the Yakut were able to preserve and develop the structure of their economy based on horse-breeding and stock-raising in the extreme conditions of the North, they introduced handicraft industry (blacksmithing, jewellery, pottery etc.) and construction of permanent housing to the region. By the beginning of the 17th century Yakut clans resided in the basins of the Indigirka and Yana rivers, promoting the culture of livestock-raising and herd horse-breeding into the arctic regions of Yakutia.
Yakut legends describe the 17th century as the epoch of Tygyn and tygynids. An academician A.P. Okladnikov called him a Yakutian czar. As Okladnikov wrote in the first volume of the History of Yakutia, the figure of Tygyn, the wise old man, the lord and the powerful warrior, the chosen one, as his congeners pictured him, merged with the majestic images of epic heroes and gods during his lifetime. Finally Tygyn's death was on its own connected with the most crucial moment in the life of the Yakut people, the arrival of the Russians, and was depicted with the magnificence of the epic drama.
The annexation of Yakutia by the Russian empire had a great impact on the lives of the indigenous peoples of the region. In the first quarter of the 17th century Cossack explorers reached the banks of the river Lena. The winter quarters and forts built by the Russians, Yakutsk, Zhigansk, Verhoyansk, Zashiversk, Srednekolimsk, and others have become the outposts of the Russian colonists to advance further to the northeast of Asia, the Far East and the northwest of America.
The Yakutski ostrog (fort) was founded in 1632. It laid the ground for the future city of Yakutsk, which has now grown into the capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This date is considered to be the date of the annexation of Yakutia by the Russian Empire. Yakutski uyezd (district) was formed in 1638, later becoming the Yakutskaya province (1775) and the Yakutskaya oblast (region) (1784) of the Irkutskaya province.
Mass christening of the indigenous population took place in the 18 th century. The development of the public schooling and the education of the peoples of Yakutia, emergence of native literatures, and the intensification of the process of interactions between the civilizations has been associated with the work of the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church.
From the moment of the annexation of Yakutia to the Russian empire the indigenous peoples always sought to build these relations on legal acts and agreements to obtain the right of self-government. However, the Russian policy toward Yakutia was always predominated by the interests of the central authorities. Up until the 20 th century the republic's economy rested on stock-raising, hunting, and an element of arable farming. Yakutia stepped into the new 20 th century as an economically weak and a politically impotent outskirt.
The breakthrough came in the twenties of the 20 th century, as a result of the formation of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on April 27, 1922. This political move gave the legal, constitutional base for the foundation of the statehood within the limits of the autonomous republic. The people of Yakutia associate this period marked with hopes and aspirations with the name of Maxim Kirovich Amosov, one of the founders of autonomous Yakutia. From this moment on the republic have gone through a complex historical epoch of economic, social and spiritual development.
The soviet period in the history of Yakutia was marked by large-scale industrial development of its natural resources, the ground for which was laid by the mining of Aldan gold-fields during the twenties. The North sea-route was put into use in the 30s, at the same period Tiksi, the sea port, was built in the estuary of the river Lena, and navigable water and airways connected previously difficult to access regions of the republic. In the 50s the discovery of diamond pipes in the western part of the republic helped create a powerful industrial diamond-mining infrastructure.
September 27, 1990, was the beginning of a new stage in the history of Yakutia, on this day with the active support of the republic's population the Declaration of national sovereignty was adopted. The post of the President of the Republic was introduced in October of 1991. Mikhail Efimovich Nikolaev became the first President of the Republic. It was then that the name of the republic changed to the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).
From the beginning of 90s the republic went through the transition to market economy in the course of the processes within Russia. The fundamental changes in the social and economic structure and labor relations came as a result of the change of ownership, the liberalization of prices, and privatization of businesses. At present the economic development of the republic is more and more defined by the different types of ownership, the effect of market regulators, and the implementation of market mechanisms.
During the first years of the reform the Republic lost the necessary conditions to complete the construction of the begun and virtually launched facilities of the extractive and power industries, it also lacked the material and financial resources for the technical re-equipment and the development of the extractive industry. The growth potential of manufacturing activities, which aimed at multiple use of raw materials in order to increase the turnout of competitive export-oriented products, decreased. These problems were accompanied by new structural problems, associated with a sudden cutback of advancing to the republic's extractive industries, as well as the lack of a real mechanism for the extractive industry businesses to function in the new economic conditions.
The structural reconstruction of the republic's economy stimulated activities to create and develop processing industries, including diamond-cutting, jewelry, stone-working, oil-refinery, gas-transferring, carpentry, primary agricultural products processing, light and food industries.
The government of the republic carried out an antirecessionary program in 1998 under the pressure of the economic and financial situation. Since 1999 the favorable conditions on the market, the implications of the dollar's rate increase, and the execution of the state policy on the development of the real sector of economy defined positive economic trends. For the first time, there was an increase in the gross regional product. The growth rate of the industrial and agricultural production went up. The financial status of export-oriented manufacturing improved. The investment activity increased. The unemployment rate went down, and the population's incomes went up.
The economic reforms carried out by the new leaders of the republic, headed by the President of the Republic, Vyacheslav Shtirov, the Republic Vice-president, Alexander Akimov, and the government of Yakutia headed by the Chairman, Egor Borisov, are aimed at the structural reconstruction of the economy. A long-term policy of developing the isolated regions of the republic, associated with the exploitation of the richest scarce mineral deposits, brought about the immediate growth of mineral resource industry (especially the non-ferrous metals industry) and the fuel and energy complex, thus damaging other industries and the infrastructure of the republic, as well as the lack of balance between the main sectors of the economy and the operating industries of material production.
At the end of 20 th century, the period of the republic's transition to market economy, this lead to the limitations of the economic growth. The consumer market is undeveloped in the republic, and there is a heavy dependency on the seasonal imports of goods. The latter is also known as the Northern delivery and demands a withdrawal of large quantities of monetary funds.
At the turn of the century the republic's economy developed aiming to overcome its raw material orientation and the singular structure of the regional economy. Due to the growth of the diamond-extraction, oil and gas, and coal industries, the extractive industry accounts for the 80 per cent of the republic's industry.
The effective creation of the processing industries may be considered the top priority in the economic development of the republic, as well as the diamond, oil and gas and transport complexes, which are strategically important. Most of the directions of the economic development and the economy as a whole


text: Background/Purpose Muscular reflex responses of the lower extremities to sudden gait disturbances are related to postural stability and injury risk. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has shown to affect activities related to the distal leg muscles while walking. Its effects on proximal muscle activities of the leg, both for the injured- (IN) and uninjured-side (NON), remain unclear. Therefore, the aim was to compare the difference of the motor control strategy in ipsilateral and contralateral proximal joints while unperturbed walking and perturbed walking between individuals with CAI and matched controls. Materials and methods In a cross-sectional study, 13 participants with unilateral CAI and 13 controls (CON) walked on a split-belt treadmill with and without random leftand right-sided perturbations. EMG amplitudes of muscles at lower extremities were analyzed 200 ms after perturbations, 200 ms before, and 100 ms after (Post100) heel contact while walking. Onset latencies were analyzed at heel contacts and after perturbations. Statistical significance was set at alpha[less than or equal to]0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were applied to determine group differences. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the extent of differences. Results Participants with CAI showed increased EMG amplitudes for NON-rectus abdominus at Post100 and shorter latencies for IN-gluteus maximus after heel contact compared to CON (p Conclusion Unilateral CAI alters the pattern of the motor control strategy around proximal joints bilaterally. Neuromuscular training for the muscles, which alters motor control strategy because of CAI, could be taken into consideration when planning rehabilitation for CAI.


text:
In this article we show you how to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using PPTP, OpenVPN or L2TP protocols using Network Manager.
Setting up a VPN connection on Ubuntu is quick and easy!
Once you have selected your preferred VPN protocol (PPTP, OpenVPN or L2TP), please follow the configuration instructions as set out below.
How to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using PPTP
1. First, you will need to configure your VPN as shown in the screenshot below.
2. Next, add a new connection.
- 3. Enter your credentials and the server's IP address.
Enter any of the server IPs by logging into the VPN Control Panel and clicking on "Software & Help." Then click on "View" next to "Manually set-up VPN – No software." Copy and paste the server IP address that you wish to connect to.
4. If you wish, you can customize the DNS (Domain Name System). In this example, we're using the Google Public DNS.
5. Uncheck all except MPPE.
Please note: Do not tick "Available to all users."
Now you know how to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using PPTP.
How to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using OpenVPN
– How to install OpenVPN plugin for Network Manager
- 1. Find the Terminal option on the left sidebar
- 2. Type: sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn-gnome and press Enter
- 3. Type in your password and press Enter
- 4. Type: "Y" and press Enter
- 5. Close Terminal
This is what your terminal should look like:
How to configure VPN
Navigate to "Home" and create a new folder, for example, "HMA VPN." The files you previously downloaded will be in your "Downloads" folder. You will need to extract both zip files into your new folder.
Next go to Network Manager, which you will see in the top right corner of your desktop. Click on "VPN Connections" and then "Configure VPN."
When you're asked to choose a Connection Type, scroll down, and click "Import a saved VPN configuration" and then click "Create."
Locate the new folder you created earlier. Click on TCP and choose a server that you wish to connect to, for example, Canada.Ontario.Toronto_LOC1S3.ovpn.
– Change your Authentication type to "Password with Certificates (TLS)"
– Enter your HMA! username and password
You will now need to insert the appropriate certificates into the fields by clicking on the orange folder on the right side of each field. You should have previously downloaded and extracted them from the archives. If you haven't, download the keys and certificates from the link below:
Once you have installed them, you can proceed to add them into the appropriate fields:
- – In the "User Certificate" field, insert hmauser.certonly.txt
- – In the "CA Certificate" field, insert ca.crt.txt
- – And finally in the "Private Key" field, insert hmauser.key.txt
- – Click "Save"
Connect to VPN
Now navigate to Network Manager, which is located in the top right corner of your desktop.
Click on VPN Connections and then click on the VPN server you configured previously. In this example, it's Canada.Ontario.Toronto_LOC1S3.ovpn.
You will see a notification that you have established a successful VPN connection.
Now you can check your new location!
Should you have any connection issues, type the following command into your terminal, and email the log to us:
cat /var/log/syslog | grep VPN
How to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using LT2P
1. Add repository and install L2TP plugin for the Network Manager by following these instructions:
- – Type in command: sudo -s
- – And enter your Ubuntu password
- – Add necessary repository with the following command: apt-add-repository ppa:seriy-pr/network-manager-l2tp
- – Reload apt-get with the command: apt-get update
- – Install L2TP plugin for Network Manager: apt-get install network-manager-l2tp-gnome
2. Next, select "No" for the x.509 certificate and click on "OK" in the next window.
- 3. Disable xl2tpd service on startup by typing in the following commands:
- service xl2tpd stop
- update-rc.d xl2tpd disable
Now we need to create a connection. Please follow the steps below:
4. Go to Network Manager > VPN Connections > Configure VPN
- 5. Select "Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol" from the drop-down menu and click on the "Create" button.
- 6. Click on the "Add" button and enter the following information at the "VPN" tab:
- – Connection name: Type anything you want, such as the name of the server you're connecting to, for example, HMA!
- – Gateway: Enter the IP address or VPN hostname of the server you wish to connect to, from the VPN Control Panel. You can find it by clicking on "Software & Help." Then click on "View" next to "Manually set-up VPN – No software."
- – User name: Enter your HMA! account username
- – Password: Enter your L2TP password. This can be found by logging into the VPN Control Panel and clicking on "Software & Help." Then click on "View" next to "Manually set-up VPN – No software."
When you're finished, please, double-check your VPN settings and click "Save."
- 7. Click on the "L2TP IPSec Options" button and:
- – Check the box next to "Enable IPSec tunnel to L2TP host"
- – In the "Group Name" field, enter "HMA" and…
- – In the "Pre-shared key" field input "HideMyAss." Make sure you enter the upper and lower case letters as you see them here – as they are case sensitive.
When you're done, click "OK."
- 8. Now open the "PPP settings" tab and select the following options:
- – Under "Authentication", check only the "MSCHAP" and "MSCHAPv2" options. Leave the rest unchecked
- – Check the option "Use Point-To-Point encryption (MPPE)"
- – For "Security", select "128-bit (most secure)" from the drop-down menu
- – Uncheck all other options as shown in the screenshot below
Save the settings by clicking "OK."
- 9.Open the "General" tab and:
- – Check the option "All users may connect to this network"
- – Click on "Save"
You can now close the Network Connections window.
- Try connecting and check your IP address.
Now you know how to setup a VPN connection on Ubuntu using the L2TP protocol, PPTP and OpenVPN!
If you require any assistance, please drop us an email.


GCKR Antibody Staining Protocol for Immunohistochemistry
GCKR Antibody Staining Protocol for Immunohistochemistry
Description: Glucokinase (also designated hexokinase IV or GCK) plays a key role in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. GCK is expressed in pancreatic beta cells, where it functions as a glucose sensor, determining the "set point" for insulin secretion. GCK is also expressed in the liver, where it catalyzes the first step in the disposal of glucose. A lack of glucokinase activity leads to reduced insulin secretion and hyperglycemia and has been implicated as a cause for maturity onset diabetes of the youth (MODY). Heterozygous point mutations in the gene encoding GCK have been detected in individuals suffering from MODY. GCK is regulated by GCKR (glucokinase regulatory protein). GCKR is a 68 kDa protein which is expressed in pancreatic beta cells and in the liver.
Primary Antibody
Name: GCKR (N-19) Antibody
Clone: Goat polyclonal
Supplier: Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Catalog Number: sc-6340
Dilution: 1:50 using IHC-TekTM Antibody Diluent (Cat# IW-1000 or IW-1001) to reduce background and unspecific staining and serum blocking step is NOT needed.
Incubation Time/Temp: 60 min/room temperature
Antigen Retrieval
Heat/Cool Temperature: 95-100 ºC/room temperature
Heat/Cool Time: 20 minutes/20 minutes
Detection Methods
Standard Method: ABC Method or LSAB Method
Enhanced Method: Polymeric Methods
Chromogen Substrate
Reagent: DAB
Incubation Time/Temperature: 1-3 minutes/room temperature
Reagent: Mayer's Hematoxylin
Staining Time: 30 seconds
Staining Pattern: Cytoplasmic
Images: Search image
Additional Information:
Species Reactivity: Human, mouse, rat
Fixation: Formalin fixed paraffin sections
Positive Control: Pancreas, liver
Negative Control: Omit primary antibody, isotype control, absorption control


text:
Difference Between Sea and Lake
Sea Vs Lake
Almost anybody knows the difference between a lake and a sea. However, when asked about the true nature of other seas like the Caspian Sea, people will already have second thoughts. Yes, the confusion sets in when identifying some bodies of water which are called seas but are actually lakes. An example of which is the very popular Dead Sea which happens to be the lowest level lake in the world, not to mention one of the saltiest there is. So how come the Dead Sea is a lake and not a sea?
First, a lake is an inland water body. This means that it is surrounded by land. The body of water is usually moderate to big in size with the water surface being exposed towards the atmosphere. Thus, most lakes in the world have a surface area of below 100 sq. mi. although there are dozens of other lakes that even spans to more than 1,500 sq. mi. in area. With regard to depth, the majority of lakes are shallower than the seas.
As mentioned, the confusion sets in because there are some lakes that are named as seas. Aside from the Dead Sea, the Caspian Sea is another lake that is called sea. It is treated by many as a sea because of its size. This lake is so huge that from whatever angle you'll try to look at, it would seem as if you're looking at a long stretch of shore. This is because the Caspian Sea is the biggest or largest lake in the world. It is bordered by several countries including Iran and Southern Russia. Another lake that is called a sea is the Aral Sea.
On the contrary, seas are different from lakes because they are not enclosed by land. They have a relatively bigger volume of water and are usually connected to the wide open ocean. Seas are undoubtedly deeper as compared to lakes. It is a continuous stretch of salt water. There's an exemption to this definition however because a sea can also be a landlocked (like a lake) immense body of saline (salty) water which doesn't have an outlet towards an ocean. This definition can best be applied to the case of the Caspian Sea.
Lakes are shallower than the seas
Lakes are enclosed by a body of land.
With regard to the volume of water, lakes can be small, moderate to big in size whereas seas are often always a lot bigger in size.
Lakes can either be salt water or fresh water while seas are always salt water in nature.
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code. CVS will tell you who last changed each line of code, and when they did it. The commit comment (hopefully) tells you why.
A commit message should contain, in order:
 - A couple of words indicating which part of moodle this change affects. For example 'forum backup', 'quiz attempting' or 'weblib'.
 - A tracker issue id like MDL-12345. (If necessary, create an issue before committing, the only exception is for very minor typos.)
 - A brief description of the problem you are fixing. (If you are feeling lazy, you may be able to get away with copying and pasting the issue summary from the tracker.)
 - If it is not immediately obvious, a brief summary of why this change fixes the problem. If a longer description is necessary, you may also want to add more information to the tracker issue, or Moodle Docs, but the code changes + commit message should provide enough clues to how the fix works on their own.
Here is an example of a commit message from a simple change:
user selection: MDL-17072 Polishing the role assign page: Do processing
before print_header in line with best practice.
Actually, the ideal commit message would be a bit shorter than that. It is good if the first three items (area of Moodle, tracker id and brief description) will fit in the subject line of an email message.
Here is an example from a bigger commit (would it have been better if this could have been done as several smaller commits?):
role overrides: MDL-17070 Improve override roles page to match the recent
usability improvements on the assign page.
MDL-11529 When assigning/overriding roles, the dropdown for switching to
another role should have a number in brackets
MDL-16549 Should not be able to edit the permission associated with
moodle/site:doanything on any role.
Here is an example of a commit (from a while ago, which is why the issue number is in the wrong place) with some explanation of the change:
accesslib: get_user_by_capability() - Handle complex rolecap resolution
With this patch, get_user_by_capability() can handle the cases where
users have multiple role assignments to the same course, and PREVENTs
and PROHIBITs affect the rolecaps of this course.
Without stored procedures we cannot resolve this entirely on the
server side - so in the complex cases we do as much as we can on SQL,
and post-process the data on the PHP side, including SQL-style
The CVS commits email list
You can subscribe at to this email list. You will then get an email every time someone commits a change to Moodle. This is a good way to keep track of what is going on, and also a good way to learn best-practice for CVS commit messages.
You probably want to set your mail client to automatically move messages from this list into a separate mail folder. You may not want to remain subscribed all the time, but when you are new to the project, it is a great way to do a bit of social-constructionist peer learning about our use of CVS.
Working with branches
This diagram shows how the main moodle module branches into different versions over time.
CVS tree
To see all the current tags and branches that are available, use this command on any old file (such as index.php in the top moodle directory):
 cvs status -v index.php
Some tagging guidelines:
 - Tag and branch names should always be all upper-case.
 - Tags and branches should ALWAYS be applied to the entire module (all of Moodle). Don't tag individual files or directories.
 - We don't allow renaming of tags because people may be relying on them, so get them right the first time!
Trunk development
The Trunk of CVS is the main development version of Moodle. In CVS it is also known as the HEAD, or default branch.
Moodle developers try to keep this stable as possible, but as it usually contains new code it probably has bugs and small instabilities.
Every now and then we decide the product has enough features to make a release. At this time, the trunk is tagged with a MOODLE_XX_BETA tag (in case we ever want to roll back to that point) and a new branch is formed for the release, called MOODLE_XX_STABLE.
A Beta package is also released at this point - it's for testers who don't use CVS but want to test the latest features and report bugs.
Stable branches for each release
As soon as the stable branch MOODLE_XX_STABLE is created, development efforts will fork into two streams for a while. Some people may continue working on new features in the trunk for the next release, but most developers should be concentrating on using the current STABLE branch and fixing bugs that are found in it.
You can switch your local copy of Moodle to the STABLE version using the following command in Unix from the root directory:
 cvs update -dP -r MOODLE_XX_STABLE
After that, all the commands described above will apply to that stable version. To return to the trunk version just issue:
 cvs update -dPA
On Windows clients you should have a menu from which you can choose the branch.
Once the new STABLE branch really stabilises, a release can be declared. Packages are created for distribution and the branch will be tagged (by Martin Dougiamas) with a tag named: MOODLE_XXX
Merging fixes
All bug fixes in any STABLE branch should be merged back into the trunk so that they become available in future versions of Moodle. A floating tag called MOODLE_XX_MERGED needs to be maintained to keep track of the last merge. The procedure for such a merge is as follows (I'm using CVS on the Unix command line but the steps are the same for any CVS client):
This diagram summarises the process
1. I highly recommend keeping one checked out copy of each stable branch and the trunk/head version locally to make it easier to jump between them. Set them all up as virtual web sites on your development machine. I use directories like /moodle/18, /moodle/19 /moodle/dev etc.
2. Update to the latest stable version (I'll use XX in the example but it could be 18, 19 etc) for the relevant files, and do a cvs diff just to double-check exactly what you are checking in. Note you only need to update the files/directories you are working in, but sometimes it help to update everything anyway just to do a final check on the functionality using the web.
 cd /moodle/XX/user
 cvs update -dPA
 cvs diff -c file1.php file2.php
3. If all looks OK, check in the fix to the stable branch. Make sure that the commit message contains the bug tracker ID (eg MDL-1111) and a decent description of your thoughts on the fix. If you don't specify a message in the command line, you'll be put into an editor to type one.
 cvs commit -m "MDL-1234 Corrected a small typo in the user name field" file1.php file2.php
4. Go to the very latest trunk version and make sure it's up-to-date.
 cd /moodle/dev/user
 cvs update -dPA
5. Merge everything into your local copy of the trunk from your stable branch since the last merge. You can use the same sequence of (4) and (5) to merge the changes into other stable branches too (to backport the fix to the previous stable versions).
 cvs update -kk -j MOODLE_XX_MERGED -j MOODLE_XX_STABLE file1.php file2.php
6. Carefully watch the update logs for conflicts, and fix every file that you see with a conflict. Afterwards, it may help to just run a diff to make sure the result is what you expected:
 cvs diff -c file1.php file2.php
7. Check your merged local copy back into CVS trunk version
 cvs commit -m "MDL-1234 Corrected a small typo in the user name field, merged from XX" file1.php file2.php
8. Go back to your branch version
 cd /moodle/XX/user
9. Update the floating merge tag for the affected files (so that it matches MOODLE_XX_STABLE) so that this process can be repeated next time
 cvs tag -F MOODLE_XX_MERGED file1.php file2.php
Finally, the values for $version in all the Moodle version.php files within the stable branch should not be updated at all if possible (except the last digit if absolutely necessary). The reason is that someone updating from a very stable version to the next very stable version could miss database upgrades that happened on the trunk.
In other words, if you have changes to the database schema to commit to a stable branch, please check with Martin Dougiamas, or one of the other core Moodle developers.
Sometimes you fix something in a branch that needs to be "backported" to an earlier branch. This is often the case with security fixes. The procedure is exactly the same as described above, except you apply your changes backward instead of forward (to previous versions instead of HEAD). Here is a summary, using the steps described above. The scenario is that you have a fix in MOODLE_19_STABLE that needs backporting to MOODLE_18_STABLE, but NOT to HEAD (the problem you are fixing


text:
Mathä, Thomas Y. Porpiglia, Alessandro Ziegelmeyer, Michael
Year of Publication:
ECB Working Paper 1672
Crossing borders, be it international or regional, often go together with price, wage or indeed wealth discontinuities. This paper identifies substantial wealth differences between Luxembourg resident households and cross-border commuter households despite their similar incomes. The average (median) net wealth difference is estimated to be €367,000 (€129,000) and increases for higher percentiles. Using several different regression and decomposition techniques, spatial (regional) differences in real estate price developments, and thus differences in accumulated nominal capital gains are shown to be one main driving factor for these wealth differences. Other factors contributing to the observed wealth differences are differences in age, income, education and other household characteristics.
cross-border commuting household survey real estate price dynamics wealth


text:
The sentence is a bit complicated because it part of a dialogue, and Gargamel is not saying some words which are only implicit:
- Gargamel! Lâche mon robot! (Gargamel! Let go of my robot!)
- [Oui, Gargamel] lui-même, pauvres naïfs! (Yes, Gargamel himself! Poor gullible fools!)
What Gargamel is replying is first that yes, it's Gargamel himself ("lui-même") who is speaking. He is following up on the sentence of the first Smurf, who just noticed Gargamel and cried his name in shock.
Then he is calling the Smurfs "pauvres naïfs". I assume he is speaking to several Smurfs (perhaps including the robot in his hand?), otherwise it would not make sense to have a plural here.
Here, both "pauvre" (poor) and "naïf" (gullible) are adjectives; but he is using the adjective "naïf" as a noun, a process called nominalization. Thus "un naïf" is, well, a person who is "naïf" = "gullible". In the same way, in French we can say "un riche" (a rich person), "un pauvre" (a poor person), or even "un Français" (a French person). So while "naïf" is originally an adjective, here, it is used as a noun. This is hard to translate in English, where such a construction is rarely possible, and you can see above that I had to apply some creative leeway – adding the word "fool".
Finally, you have the word "pauvre", "poor". It is indeed an adjective, qualifying the noun "naïf". In this context it does not mean someone who has no money, the primary meaning of "pauvre"; rather, it is used to intensify the negative "naïf". It means that the Smurfs are not only gullible, but their gullibility even inspires pity.


Skip to main content
Program Statistics
An important element of promoting master's and doctoral education and postdoctoral training is providing reliable and meaningful data.
Use our interactive data visualization tool for PhD and master's students to explore admissions, enrollment, academic outcomes, and career placements. These data can be sorted by academic program, school, or broad field category. Please use our interactive data visualization tool for postdoctoral trainees to explore population, separations, and career placements.
If you are seeking information beyond the data provided, we encourage you to visit specific graduate program websites. View a list of these programs.


text:
Given that radioactivity levels across Canada continue to be within normal background levels and that there is no cause for concern, on Thursday, August 11, 2011 Health Canada removed nine supplementary fixed point detectors that were installed in British Columbia and the Yukon in response to the Fukushima nuclear incident. In addition, on September 15, 2011, Health Canada will end its weekly data postings, resuming its previous schedule of quarterly postings of the fixed point network data and terminating website Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) data reporting. Please note that Health Canada will maintain its continuous monitoring of radiation levels and daily review of data. Should there be changes in the situation in Japan, the reporting frequency of radiation data will be re-assessed.
The following text provides a summary of the monitoring and assessment undertaken by Health Canada in response to this event.
The damaged nuclear power reactors in Japan do not pose a health risk to residents of British Columbia or the rest of Canada. Given the thousands of kilometers between Japan and Canada's west coast, any radioactive material that might have been carried eastward via wind currents was dispersed and diluted over the ocean long before it reached Canada.
Health Canada has monitoring stations across the country in strategic locations and major population centres and will continue its regular radiation surveillance and monitoring activities.
For information on the overall Government of Canada response visit the Public Safety Canada website.
For more information, contact us or call 1-800 O-Canada.


text:
1. Technology Overview
The present invention is a method for producing a non-polar a-plane GaN thin film on an r-plane sapphire substrate using metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique. Particularly, the method provides suitable growth conditions for GaN layer during MOCVD by controlling V/III ratio, reaction temperature and flow rate of reactants, but not limited thereto. It was found that such method could provide non-polar a-plane GaN thin film on r-plane sapphire substrate with reduced lattice mismatch between each layer.
- UMCIC File Number: 603/1114
- Patent: PI 2016 703999
- Patent status: Pending
- Malaysia patent: Method for Producing A Non-Polar A-Plane Galllium Nitride (Gan) Thin Film on an R-Plane Sapphire Substrate.
- This technology is currently available for licensing and commercialisation.


text:
NASA has selected a team led by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation of Boulder, Colo., for a technology demonstration of a high performance "green" propellant alternative to the highly toxic fuel hydrazine. With this award, NASA opens a new era of innovative and non-toxic green fuels that are less harmful to our environment, have fewer operational hazards, and decrease the complexity and cost of launch processing.
Today's use of hydrazine fuel for rockets, satellites and spacecraft is pervasive. Hydrazine is an efficient propellant and can be stored for long periods of time, but it also is highly corrosive and toxic. NASA is seeking new, non-toxic high performance green propellants that could be safely and widely used by rocketeers, ranging from government to industry and academia. Green propellants include liquid, solid, monopropellant, which use one fuel source, or bi-propellants, which use two, and hybrids that offer safer handling conditions and lower environmental impact than current fuels.
"High performance green propellant has the potential to revolutionize how we travel to, from and in space," said Michael Gazarik, director of NASA's Space Technology Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "An effective green rocket fuel would dramatically reduce the cost and time for preparing and launching space missions while decreasing pollution and harm to our environment."
Following a solicitation and peer-review selection process, NASA chose the Green Propellant Infusion Mission proposal and a team lead by Ball and co-investigators from the Aerojet Corporation in Redmond, Washington, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at the Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center at the Kirkland Air Force Base in New Mexico, NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida for the new mission.
NASA's Green Propellant Infusion Mission is expected to be developed and flown in approximately three years. The Space Technology Program will provide $45 million for the mission, with some additional cost-sharing by mission co-investigators.
This demonstration will bridge the gap between technology development and use of green propellant. The team will develop and fly a high performance green propellant, demonstrating and characterizing in space the functionality of the integrated propulsion system. Such a demonstration will provide the aerospace community with a new system-level capability for future missions.
Maturing a space technology, such as a revolutionary green propellant, to mission readiness through relevant environment testing and demonstration is a significant challenge from a cost, schedule and risk perspective. NASA's Technology Demonstration Missions Program performs this function, bridging the gap between laboratory confirmation of a technology and its inital use on an operational mission.
Explore further: NASA head views progress on asteroid lasso mission
More information: For more information about NASA's Space Technology Program and Technology Demonstration Missions, visit: _URL_


text:
|Change in self-reported intake of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks by month|
I can't say I'm an ardent fan of research done with FFQs, and nor are many others (remember this letter to the editor begging journals to stop published research that utilizes FFQs?), but supporters will tell you that the errors of FFQs can be accounted for with fudge factor style statistics. While admittedly I'm no stats maven, I did find a study published yesterday in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behaviour to lend support to my belief these studies aren't as useful as we might hope.
The study highlighted an obvious, and yet important issue that would further undermine FFQ utility - the month the data was collected matters. While the researchers looked at FFQ outcomes collected from adolescent residents of 36 countries, there were 3 - Canada, England and Norway - where data collections took place almost all months of the year. In all 3 researchers found that there were significantly lower reported levels of daily consumption of foods in January and February. In the remaining 36 countries, where FFQs were administered for shorter periods, researchers found lower reported consumption of fruit and sugared soda in the spring vs. the fall and the winter.
Now admittedly, the effect they found here was small, and in part may be explicable on the basis of seasonal food availability, though that wouldn't serve to explain the sugared soda or sweets results. Regardless of affect size or cause however, one thing's definitely clear, FFQs need to go, and I'm praying, in this day and age of smart phone ubiquity, that someone somewhere validates an app that combines daily recall with real-time photography, to help reduce error and markedly amp up the power of observational diet-related study conclusions.


text:
To give a little extra context for the poem "Feminismo" by Alfredo Arteaga, here's some of what women were doing in Argentina at the time.
"On May 10, 1910, the date of the centennial celebration of Argentine independence, the first Congreso Feminino Internacional convened in Buenos Aires, with more than two hundred women from Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, Paraguay, and Chile in attendance. Dr. Cecilia Grierson presided. Grierson had attendend the Second International Council of Women (I.C.W.) meeting in London in 1899 and had returned to Argentina intending to found an Argentine branch of the I.C.W…. organized by the University Women of Argentina (Universitarias Argentinas) included among its sponsoring groups the National Argentine Association against the White Slave Trade, the Socialist Women's Center, the Association of Normal School teachers, the Women's Union and Labor Group, and the National League of Women Freethinkers."
- from Latin American Women and the Search for Social Justice, by Francesca Miller, 1991.
Here's a link to a brief overview in English, by Marilyn Mercer, of feminism in Argentina in the 1800s and early 1900s.
In contrast to essentialist sexists like Arteaga, some of the great politicians of Argentina like Domingo Sarmiento fought for women to have access to education. Sarmiento thought women needed education to become involved in local politics. Through experience in local politics they would gradually acquire the skills to participate in national politics, voting, running for office, and being part of public life.
But high schools meant for college prep didn't open in Argentina until 1905.
Here are some of the women Arteaga was likely complaining about:
* Juana Manuela Gorriti, a best selling author. Feminist, teacher, and battlefield nurse.
* Dr. Cecilia Grierson. Graduated from University of Buenos Aires medical school in 1889.
* Dr. Alicia Moreau de Justo. A founder of the Socialist Feminist Center. Social worker, writer, human rights activist, and doctor. Graduated from University of Buenos Aires.
* Carolina Muzzili. Reported on factory working conditions for women in the early 1900s.
* Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane, another doctor and feminist activist
* Ernestina Lopez de Nelson. Socialist feminist activist, teacher.
* Sara Justo. Another socialist feminist teacher.
* Julieta Lanteri de Renshaw A psychiatrist who graduated in 1906 from University of Buenos Aires.


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Is there away to toggle an Application Icon in the OS X Dock? Specifically I was hoping to be able to use the 'deafults' command to toggle something within the given application.
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Is this only while the program is not running, or only when running, or always? – Arjan Dec 2 '10 at 19:13
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
If you want to remove the icon when the application is not running:
Click and hold (drag) it from the Dock, and release it somewhere else. If the application is running, the icon will move back to the Dock, but will disappear whenever you quit the application. If it's not running, the icon will disappear in a "cloud of smoke".
Alternatively, right-click the application icon in the Dock, and select Options, then toggle Keep in Dock.
If you want to also hide the icon when the application is running:
There is a way, but is presents two problems:
 1. The application no longer has a menubar
 2. The application does no longer appear in the Cmd-Tab list of programs
The application still responds to keyboard shortcuts defined for menu items, so if you're comfortable controlling the application only using these, it's possible.
It looks a bit like what opens when you select the "[Program Name] Help" menu item in the Help menu.
To accomplish it:
You need to edit the file Info.plist in the application's bundle. To do this, right-click the application and choose "Show Package Contents". Navigate to Contents, and edit Info.plist.
The file format is usually XML, which you can edit with any plain text editor, such as TextWrangler, BBEdit, TextMate, or even TextEdit.
Insert the following lines directly after the line containing :
Save the file and restart the application.
In case the file format is not XML, but binary (the binary file starts with bplist, followed by binary "junk"), you need Property List Editor, which is part of Apple's developer tools (you can, of course, always use PLE if you have it installed)
Open the file in PLE, and select "Add Item". Type "Application is agent (UIElement)", which will autocomplete. Check the value box, and save.
share|improve this answer
Very rarely, property list files are a third format. It's considered obsolete, and I don't know what you need to enter to accomplish this in that other format. – Daniel Beck Dec 2 '10 at 19:06
I guessed other.plist formats might be converted using plutil, but that only knows of 2 formats too. – Arjan Dec 2 '10 at 19:12
_USER_ Property List Editor can read that third format, "Text Property List" (the others being XML and Binary), and even has an option to save in that format, but it's not implemented. It's an interesting idea though, and it just might work. – Daniel Beck Dec 2 '10 at 19:38
Thanks, editing the Info.plist is simple enough. Love the fact that it doesn't appear in the Application Switcher as well. – cynicaljoy Dec 2 '10 at 21:01
_USER_ You can convert between xml and plain text plists with pl. – ؘؘؘؘ Mar 9 '11 at 0:02
Alternatively... (Building on the answer from _USER_ Beck)...
Open the same Info.plist in Xcode
 - Right click within the top-level Information Property List key and select Add Row
 - Type Application is agent (UIElement) as the new key
 - Set the new key's value to YES
 - Save
 - Restart the corresponding application to see results
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Your Answer


text:
1. What was the point for the inspector to be at the Birling's house?
- To get them to admit to what they had done
- To hunt down Dan Blades, son of Ali Blades.
- Because he heard about the group **** that was taking place.
- He was tryna sell them mi sold PPI
1 of 9
Other questions in this quiz
2. Are you gunna pass your English GCSE because of this question?
- Yeah sure why not
- No ******* kill me now with the toaster
- Yeah if my meds dont wear off
- Maybe but im not from England so idc
3. Finish the sentence: Mrs Birling likes to be________
- Caught watching **** on her Ultra HD plasma screen TV, 50 inches
- Not be responsible for the part she took in the crime
- Treated like a slave by Arthur
- Taken advantage of while she sleeps
4. Who killed Eva/ Daisy
- Tyrone the black dude in the background of the play
- Eric when he was drunk
- Everyone played a part
- The Inspector
5. How many characters are in the entire play?
- 1 the inspector
- 2 Mr and Mrs Birling
- Like 12
Similar English Literature resources:


Analytics Query Language
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The query tool is used to create and run Google Analytics AQL queries, and create URLs for Google Earth, Google Maps and Google Charts.
Going beyond the raw GA API
Generic timeframe and comparison
AQL supports generic timeframes such as "Last30Days", making query reuse possible. Two timeframes can also be specified to generate a comparison result set in one step.
Formatting and sorting
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Compare multiple profiles
When more than one profile is specified in a AQL query, the results are autmoatically correlated and presented in a single result set, making it easy to compare your sites.
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Chemical Spillage! Is your response reactive or proactive?
When a substance is spilled, someone has to clear it up; either the person who spilt it or possibly a trained response team. Whoever it is, are they prepared or do they merely react to the situation?
A spillage is, at least, an inconvenience; when the quantity is small or the substance is not very hazardous, people don't think twice about dealing with the problem. But what happens if the substance is around 500 litres of something highly flammable, toxic or corrosive?
Preparation, planning and training are the key to reaching an effective and efficient response. Do you have a spill response plan and how well does it work?
Chemical Spill Response is a one-day training course presented by NCEC – the UK's National Chemical Emergency Centre.
The aim of the course is to provide the knowledge to those working with chemicals to be able identify the hazards and determine the risks associated with a spillage and to provide a framework on which to build an effective spill response plan.
For more information, or to register your interest, please contact us either via our website or telephone 0870 _PHONE_.


text:
Memories of My Town is an exploration into how town dwellers experience their environment in a complicated way. As people in urban milieus relate themselves to the environment, this takes place on many levels, where especially the time level becomes problematic. The urban buildings and settings can be looked upon as a kind of collective history, as carriers or witnesses of times past. But it is only the town dwellers that experience urban time itself, the time they live in, but through their memories also times past. In this past some elements take symbolically dense expressions. Through reliving and narrating their experiences the symbolically important factors in this urban relationship will be outlined for investigations concerning three towns, Helsinki, the capital, Vyborg, the ceded and lost Karelian town, and Jyväskylä, a town with dense commercial and cultural dimensions in the middle of Finland. The aim of the book is to use different theoretical concepts as guidelines in analysing the different narrative texts.
These are words or phrases in the text that have been automatically identified by the Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation service, which provides Wikipedia () and Wikidata () links for these entities.
Åström, A et al. (eds.) 2004. Memories of My Town: The Identities of Town Dwellers and Their Places in Three Finnish Towns. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society. DOI: _URL_
This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution + Noncommercial + NoDerivatives 4.0 license. Copyright is retained by the author(s)
This book has been peer reviewed. See our Peer Review Policies for more information.
Published on 07 Jul 2004


text:
Objectives of an information systems audit
What is your level of confidence in your cybersecurity strategy?
Cinalia provides you with an objective and independent evaluation of the security of your information systems by analyzing all your technical and functional resources.
A methodology in 6 steps
Our methodology integrates your specific needs as well as the applicable standards for your industry, and is typically structured around 6 key steps :
- Audit planning.
- Information gathering.
- Risk assessment.
- Vulnerability analysis.
- Compliance evaluation.
- Audit report writing.
Technical audit and organizational audit
During this service, an organizational audit assesses the processes implemented in your company and identifies security weaknesses. As for the technical audit, it helps you identify the implemented safeguards and their integration.
Beyond enhancing security, this audit also serves as the initial step towards regulatory compliance.
By conducting these audits, you gain insight into identified weaknesses, key risks, and a set of recommendations to effectively protect your information system.
Our complementary services in operational cybersecurity
Discover the other services in operational cybersecurity provided by Cinalia.
Security Operation Center (SOC)
- Are you aware of the constant threat posed by cyberattacks to your business? But how can you ensure real-time protection against cyber threats?


text:
art by jared barbick
| Bryan Sanders started writing poetry at the age of 14. A teacher encouraged him to keep at it, and he has never stopped. He got his start at the World Stage Anansi Writers Workshop. Since then, he has been on KJLH, performed in The African Marketplace, performed at the African Cultural Center, featured at The World Stage, and received an Extended Education Creative Writing Scholarship to UCLA.
As a 20 year old poet, his poetry is the beating heart of the Los Angeles inner city through the eyes of a young man discovering his own identity.


text:
Weight Recorder by Weiche Wu. "Imaging how your weight has changed over 10 years, it might response how your life has changed. The human body records something which might be reflected on the weight changes. The idea of the project is collecting a person's weight change to look back on the passing life."
The scale makes a mark without any statistical number every time when you using it. After a while, then you can read the data that the scale has made, then you can see how it changes in a graphic way. At the same time, it could record some specific events. For example, when people go travel with flight, a scale might be used for weighing luggages at home. Therefore, the data on the scale might suddenly climb in an unusual way. That specific data could easily point out some particular things have happened.


text:
Functions with Variable Numbers of Arguments
is a flat function, a pattern like f[x_, y_]
stands only for instances of the function with exactly two arguments. Sometimes you need to set up patterns that can allow any number of arguments.
You can do this using multiple blanks
. While a single blank such as x_
stands for a single Mathematica
expression, a double blank such as x__
stands for a sequence of one or more expressions.
stands for the sequence of expressions (a, b, c)
Here is a more complicated definition, which picks out pairs of duplicated elements in h
The definition is applied twice, picking out the two paired elements.
"Double blanks" __
stand for sequences of one or more expressions. "Triple blanks" ___
stand for sequences of zero or more expressions. You should be very careful whenever you use triple blank patterns. It is easy to make a mistake that can lead to an infinite loop. For example, if you define p[x_, y___]:=p[x] q[y]
, then typing in p[a]
will lead to an infinite loop, with y
repeatedly matching a sequence with zero elements. Unless you are sure you want to include the case of zero elements, you should always use double blanks rather than triple blanks.
|_||any single expression|
|x_||any single expression, to be named x|
|__||any sequence of one or more expressions|
|x__||sequence named x|
|x__h||sequence of expressions, all of whose heads are h|
|___||any sequence of zero or more expressions|
|x___||sequence of zero or more expressions named x|
|x___h||sequence of zero or more expressions, all of whose heads are h|
More kinds of pattern objects.
Notice that with flat functions such as Plus
automatically handles variable numbers of arguments, so you do not explicitly need to use double or triple blanks, as discussed in "Flat and Orderless Functions"
When you use multiple blanks, there are often several matches that are possible for a particular expression. By default, Mathematica
tries first those matches that assign the shortest sequences of arguments to the first multiple blanks that appear in the pattern. You can change this order by wrapping Longest
around parts of the pattern.
|Longest[p]||match the longest sequence consistent with the pattern p|
|Shortest[p]||match the shortest sequence consistent with the pattern p|
Controlling the order in which matches are tried.
This gives a list of all the matches that Mathematica
This forces Mathematica
to try the longest matches for x__
Many kinds of enumeration can be done by using ReplaceList
with various kinds of patterns.
This effectively enumerates all sublists with at least one element.
This tries the shortest matches for x__


text:
The word for the week of February 10, 2014 is "moral compass" (okay, that is two words). These two words used together are important – very important. In the legal profession, we must use a moral compass because we meet people who have lost their way. We have to make sure, at all time, that we do not head in the wrong direction also.
Take time to meditate about the meaning of the word "moral compass" to you. The purpose of this exercise is to help you be a happy lawyer.
Read this entire post. Then find a quiet place. Put your feet on the floor. Take four deep breaths in and out.
In order to help you meditate on the word "moral compass", I would like to share the information below.
for some strange reason, it is difficult to find the meaning of the word "moral compass". Does that mean that the word has the meaning that we give to it or that the word has little meaning in today's society. I will go with the explanation that the word "moral compass" has individual meaning. Some meanings may include:
- a devise used used by a person to assist to guide what is right and wrong and act accordingly;
- a innate feeling that allows people to know what is right and wrong and how they should behave;
- an individual's natural instinct to do what is right and avoid doing wrong; and
- an individual's conscience.
The phrase "moral compass" calibrates concepts of morality, conscience, ethics, virtue, justice, compassion and principles. It is so important that each lawyer has one and uses it.
There are few famous quotations about the word "moral compass". Here is a selection:
- Tabatha Coffey – "Sometimes, in order to follow our moral compass and/or our heart, we have to make unpopular decisions or stand up for what we believe in."
- Gary Wolf – "Our self is just our operational center, our consciousness our moral compass. So, if we want to act more effectively in the world, we have to get to know ourselves better.
- Marcus Aurelius – "Because your own strength is unequal to the task, do not assume that it is beyond the powers of man; but if anything is within the powers and province of man, believe that it is within your own compass also."
- Vincent Van Gough – "Conscience is a man's compass."
I should add a quote from my personal journal that is not famous:
- "It is important to have a moral compass and use a moral compass to answer the big questions and the small questions that arise in the legal profession and in life. We need to stop and pause to ensure that we are headed in the right direction. If we do not check our moral compass and ensure that it is calibrated, we may find that we are so off the path we cannot go back."
A "moral compass" is a fundamental tool for those in the legal profession. There is no device that is more powerful and necessary. It is more important than a computer, a smart phone or the telephone. We cannot do engage in our noble profession without a moral compass. Our mentors taught us how to use a moral compass and lawyers have a duty to show new lawyers and students how to use a moral compass. We pass this tool and skills to use it from generation to generation within the legal profession. We have to ensure that it is not just a symbol or perceived to be real.
Our moral compass guides us to ensure that there is access to justice. Our moral compass shows us that is is right to engage in charitable acts towards others. Lawyers to provide pro bono legal services use a moral compass to direct them to act.
After your meditation, please share: What does the word "moral compass" mean to you?


text:
During the summer, white-throated sparrows generally breed from northwestern Canada including Central Quebec and Newfoundland, all the way eastward to Minnesota and the Great Lakes, and southward to New England. In the winter, most white-throated sparrows overwinter in the eastern United States, ranging from New England in the north to northern Mexico in the south. In addition, a very small number of Zonotrichia albicollis migrate to West Oregon, occupying the Columbia and Klamath River Basins.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
- Robbins, N. 1992. Breeding in White-Throated Sparrow. Journal of North American Birds, Conder 94, V21: 336-343.
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text:
Environmental Aspects Review : A Case Study of Two Sawmills in Etsako-West, Edo State Nigeria
The forests are essential for healthy environment. Trees which are part of theforest help to stabilize the forest soil, improve soil fertility, reduce the velocity ofwind, protect watershed and reduce the amount of carbon released into theatmosphere. Many industries use trees as raw materials and in most cases impactthe environment, but there are great differences in the impact they make. There isa need therefore to continually evaluate the operational activities of theseindustries to ensure that the environment is protected. The use of environmentalmanagement systems like ISO and EMAS standards has helped in the evaluationof organizations and industries.In this thesis, two sawmills Iretunde and Irepodun in Etsako-West localgovernment area Edo state Nigeria were evaluated with the aim to determine theiroperational activities and how the environment is being affected by them. Subaimswere to determine the most significant environmental aspects of the sawmilland their organizational structure. In actualizing the aim of this thesis, literaturereview, site investigation as well as oral interview of the staff and management ofboth sawmills were conducted. In the evaluation of the environmental aspects, thedetailed method of environmental impact evaluation by Ammenberg (2004) wasused were each environmental aspect that was weighted against nine identifiedcriteria.The result obtained from the environmental aspect evaluation of both sawmillsshows that the use of raw materials and emissions to air are the most significantenvironmental aspects. In conclusion, it was observed that the both sawmills arewell structured and carry out their operational activities effectively. Neither ofthem has registered under any environmental management system but there is aneed for them to do so in order to help check their operational activities in order toreduce their environmental impact.
School:Högskolan i Gävle
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:environmental review aspects iso14001 sawmills emas nigeria
Date of Publication:09/24/2008


Giới thiệu sách
Được đóng góp bởi OBook Team
Communication: A Critical/Cultural Introduction, Second Edition introduces communication theory, interpersonal communication, and public communication and culture through the lens of contemporary critical theory. John T. Warren and Deanna L. Fassett focus on public advocacy as a more meaningful way to approach public speaking through coverage of topics and issues that readers are most passionate about. By situating communication concepts and theories within contemporary and engaging cultural scenes, the book is much more than a survey of ideas - it demonstrates the power of communication in our everyday lives. This new edition enhances the book's focus on the connections between public advocacy and traditional public speaking, and the 2nd edition also includes two new chapters on listening and small group communication. New and updated examples have been added throughout the text, and new end-of-chapter questions and activities have been added to reinforce concepts and allow students to put their learning into practice. Key features include: *Takes a critical/cultural approach: Students come to appreciate how communication occurs within the context of power and our different cultural locations *Written in an engaging narrative style: The authors' own stories, and the narratives woven throughout each chapter, create a sense of relevance for the content *Provides a focus on public advocacy: Connecting students' work to the process of being critical, active citizens, this feature shows how civic engagement can improve our communities *Illustrated with contemporary examples: Theory and concepts are demonstrated through discussions of marriage equality, affirmative action, disability, and social media
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Tác giả John T Warren,Deanna L Fassett
Nhà xuất bản SAGE Publications Inc
Năm phát hành 02-2014
ISBN 9781452217819
Trọng lượng (gr) 566
Kích thước 1.0 x 25.0 x 20.0
Số trang 296
Giá bìa 1,821,000 đ


text:
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
FOUND IN: Harvard University ArchivesCollection Identifier: UAV 630.6
Overview: The Records of Harvard College Observatory Director George Phillips Bond, consisting of correspondence and subject files, manuscript drafts, and astronomical data, chiefly document the research activities of the Harvard College Observatory from 1859 to 1865. Chronicled are observations of planets, including Mars and Jupiter; efforts to determine the brightness of stars; and the detection of comets, eclipses, and other astronomical phenomena. George Phillips Bond (_PHONE_), an astronomer,...


text:
Vidal F. Canales, Manuel P. Cagigal
Random aberrations on the pupil of the telescope due to atmospheric turbulence determine the angular resolution of ground-based telescopes. The compensation of the wave-front degradation before detection
(adaptive optics) and the extraction of diffraction-limited
information from the image series (speckle interferometry)
are the two techniques able to overcome this limitation. Although adaptive optics systems with a large number of subapertures in the wave-front sensor and a large number of actuators in the deformable mirror
provide the best results, they are complicated and expensive. In contrast, the use of simpler adaptive optics systems has great potential application. This is the reason why we will deal with partially compensated adaptive
optics systems (fewer than one actuator per atmospheric coherence diameter) in this paper.
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text:
FIBA, the international governing body of basketball, has demonstrated its dedication to sustainability by unveiling an MVP trophy crafted entirely from 100% recycled materials. This significant initiative took place during the FIBA 3×3 World Tour 2023 held in Edmonton, Canada.
The design of the trophy was entrusted to Sustain Awards, and it has been meticulously crafted using sustainable methods and techniques, employing 100% recycled waste packaging as its foundation.
This innovative approach has led to a remarkable 75% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions throughout the trophy's entire manufacturing process compared to a conventional trophy. This encompassing reduction covers various aspects such as materials, packaging, and transportation.
Furthermore, this environmentally conscious process effectively offsets a total of five tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e). This figure is equivalent to the impact of removing 397 cars from the road for a single day.
Alex Sanchez, the Managing Director of FIBA 3×3, emphasised the significance of this trophy in symbolising FIBA 3×3's strong commitment to reducing its carbon footprint. He expressed pride in being at the forefront of introducing an environmentally-friendly trophy, which stands as a testament to FIBA 3×3's dedication to sustainability and innovation.
Sanchez remarked, "Our objective was to create a trophy that had minimal environmental impact while evoking a sense of pride for its recipients. The introduction of this captivating MVP trophy reflects our achievement of precisely that goal."
Incorporating this groundbreaking MVP trophy represents a substantial stride forward for FIBA 3×3, resonating with the concerns of both players and fans regarding the well-being of our planet. The environmentally-friendly addition to the FIBA 3×3 World Tour 2023 is anticipated to garner widespread appreciation and acknowledgment.


text:
Author(s): Curtis B, Kemp P, Harty L, Choi C, Christensen D
Abstract Share this page
Abstract 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) has structural and pharmacodynamic similarities to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). This compound was initially identified from a routine screening procedure in postmortem urine from a 20-year-old male that died in a local emergency room after reportedly insufflating 35 mg. This report describes the development of a quantitative method for 2C-T-7. A number of method parameters were studied including internal standard selection, liquid-liquid extraction scheme, and drug stability in preserved refrigerated blood. The adopted method for blood and urine involves the addition of trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) as internal standard, alkalinization with ammonium hydroxide, and liquid-liquid extraction with n-chlorobutane. To facilitate recovery from liver, a 1:4 aqueous homogenate was pretreated with dilute perchloric acid, centrifuged, and the supernatant was extracted as previously described. In each case, 0.1\% hydrochloric acid in methanol was added during the final concentration step to prevent loss of drug caused by evaporation. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-NPD) and electron ionization GC-mass spectrometry (MS) utilizing selected ion monitoring. For the GC-MS analysis, the characteristic ions monitored for 2C-T-7 were m/z 226, 255, and 183 and for TMA, m/z 182. The limits of detection and quantitation in blood were 6.0 and 15.6 ng/mL, respectively, by both GC-NPD and GC-MS. The results from the postmortem case were as follows: heart blood, 57 ng/mL; femoral blood, 100 ng/mL; urine, 1120 ng/mL; and liver, 854 ng/g.
This article was published in J Anal Toxicol
and referenced in Journal of Clinical Toxicology


text:
Definition of annelida :
A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chaetopoda, including the Oligochaeta or earthworms and Polychaeta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chaetopoda.
- But A soon broke up into two principal stirpes, of which one, a, became the root of the Annelida, Echinodermata, and Arthropoda, while the other, b, gave rise to the Polyzoa and Ascidioida, and produced the two remaining stirpes of the Vertebrata and the Mollusca. - "Critiques and Addresses", Thomas Henry Huxley.