text:
Loop bufferBranch predictionDelayed branch.
49 Multiple streamsA pipeline has disadvantages for a branch instruction because it must choose one of two instructions to fetch the next instruction and may take the wrong choice. One way of dealing with this is to allow the pipeline to fetch both instructions, making use of both streams.With multiple pipelines there are delays for accessing register and memory.Additional branch instructions may enter the pipeline before the original branch decision is resolved.
50 Prefetch branch target The target of the branch is prefetched when a conditional branch is recognized in addition to the instruction following the branch. The target is saved until execution, if a branch is taken that means that it has already been prefetched.
51 Loop bufferA loop buffer is high speed memory that works in sequence with the instruction fetch stage of the pipeline and it contains the most recently fetched instruction.Instructions fetched in sequence will be available without the usual memory access time.If a branch occurs to be ahead of the address of the branch instruction, the target will already be in the buffer.If the loop buffer is large enough to contain all the instruction in the loop, then the instructions will only have to be fetched once.
56 Delayed branchIt's possible to improve the performance of a pipeline be rearranging instructions within a program, so that the instructions occurs later than actually desired. This branch will not take effect until after the execution of the following instruction.
57 Intel PipeliningThe Intel implements a five stage pipeline.FetchDecode stage 1Decode stage 2ExecuteWrite back
59 Questions 1 What's the function of internal processing bus? 2 What's the similarity between the internal structure as a whole and the internal structure of the CPU?3. What is an instruction cycle?4. What are the four sub cycles of an instruction cycle?5. Is the fetch or execute cycle the same for all CPU?6. What is the sequence of an interrupt cycle?7. How does pipelining increase processor speed?8. What are some pipeline hazards?9. Which computers use a 5-stage pipeline?10. What are the five ways to deal with conditional branches?11. What happens in the fetch cycle inside an Intel 80486?
60 ReferencesComputer Organization and Architecture, Designing for Performance, 8/E, Stallings, William Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Approach, Vahid, Frank, and Givargis, Tony Wikipedia, "Instruction Cycle" CIS-77 Introduction to Computer Systems


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What is the Explanation of Maximum Duty Cycles for a Printer?
Some printers say they have a maximum duty cycle of 100,000 pages. And a recommended monthly duty cycle of 2000- 5000 pages per month. Why the difference? And what does the maximum duty cycle mean for laser printers when one is made by HP and the other by Lexmark or Kyocera Mita?
 - slide 1 of 5
 Maximum duty cyclesand different printers
 LexmarkLexmark T650n stock photo has printers rated for maximum monthly cycles of 200,000 pagesbut they recommend the monthly page volume for those printers actually be in the range of 3000-20,000 pages. (T650n MSRP $749.) HP has printers with monthly duty cycles of 225,000 pages, and their recommended print volume is 3000-1500 pages. (HP LaserJet P4015n printer, MSRP $1199.)
 - slide 2 of 5
 So what is a maximum duty cycle, anyhow?
 Obviously, the maximum monthly cycle is not a number that really affects how many pages you should expect to print a month. Some speculation in different articles and forum postings on the Internet suggest that the maximum monthly cycle may be related to how many pages you could expect to print in a month without causing it to malfunction or damaging it permanently.
 Most of the practical information on the Internet said that, because the duty cycle in printers varied so much between manufacturers, and because each company's maximum numbers differed from their recommended numbers, it was of very limited utility in deciding whether to buy a printer.
 Don't, however, buy a printer with a maximum duty cycle of 2000 pages a month, and routinely print 5000. The printer is not meant to stand up to such high use. Parts will wear out far sooner that their expected lifetime and may cost you a great deal more in service calls.
 - slide 3 of 5
 What can you learn from the maximum duty cycle?
 To get a measure of use out of what the maximum duty cycle means for laser printers, do some approximations based on your normal volume of printing. If the recommended monthly average is from 3000 – 20,000 pages, divide the highest number by two. If you print more than 10000 black and white pages a month, you should consider getting a printer rated for a higher recommended duty cycle. If you are printing in color, remember that your print head is going across each page four timesand divide the maximum recommended number by four. If you are going to be printing more than 5000 pages in color a month, or a combination of color and black and white that is approaching the maximum recommended number, you should think about getting a printer rated for a higher maximum duty cycle. And remember, if you are doing duplex printing, you should multiply those sheet numbers by two.
 - slide 4 of 5
 What you should consider before buying a laser printer
 More importantly, for choosing the best printer for your needs, look at the supplies. If you are printing 5000 pages a mHP LJ cm2320 mfc stock Photo onth, and your printer has a 250 sheet paper tray, you are going to be putting new paper into the printer practically every work day. If your toner cartridge is rated for 2000 pages, you are going to replace that two to three times a month as well. Those toner cartridges are expensive. That personal sized laser printer is probably going to need its fusor changed a lot more often than the Lexmark T650n's standard 300000 pages too.
 Look for a printer where you can get a high yield printer cartridge that will last you a couple months, minimum. And get a printer that has the ability to add on paper trays until you can pack a week's worth of paper into the printer at a time. For your 5000 pages of printing, try to get trays that add up to at least 1000 sheets and a toner cartridge that gives you 20000 average copies.
 Find out what parts need to be replaced on the printer throughout its lifetime. There are drums, fusers, and rollers, filters, and sometimes developer, depending on the printer. Check fuser prices and the number of pages you can print before you need to replace the fuser unit. Remember, replacing the fuser can often cost half the price of buying the printer. However, the printer is a plastic box with trays, a few gears, memory, and the interface to the printer, without the fuser. When you replace the fuser, there is no reason why you will not get another 300000 pages of printing.
 - slide 5 of 5
 How to pick a printer
 HP Laser Jet p1505n image In conclusion, while knowing what the maximum duty cycle of a printer is can be a shortcut to eliminating certain printers from your searchor a pointer to go to a more powerful printerthe numbers themselves are not all that important. Look at what you need your printer to do and pick some models that look like they can handle the volume of printing you need. Then look at all the other variables of things you need to buy besides the printer itself, to give yourself the total cost of ownership for each one. Then you can make an informed decision that will suit your needs without being a money pit.
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Blundering into the One Definition Rule
A frequently cited rule in the C++ standard is the One Definition Rule (ODR), whereby any unit, template, type, function, or object can have no more than one definition. In this article, I'll show you how I inadvertently blundered into an ODR problem, found my way out, and uncovered a deeper truth about the language standard.
This story starts with a very mundane exercise in debugging using the Windows API function OutputDebugString(), an attempt to simplify my life, followed by a puzzle, and (eventually) enlightenment.
The Pain of OutputDebugString()
If you are a Windows programmer, you are probably familiar with OutputDebugString(). This function allows you to send unadorned strings to the debugger. If you are inside Visual Studio debugging your app, that usually means either your Output or Immediate window. This is useful, but what is even more handy is its use in conjunction with the nifty utility DebugView. DebugView registers with the OS as a collector of these messages and offers some nice filtering while highlighting features — I've been using it for what seems like decades, and still rely on it for help with tough problems. If you are a fan of printf() debugging, this is your tool.
Note that OutputDebugString() is not a general purpose logging tool — in fact, you generally want it removed from production code. It doesn't have the kind of flexibility needed for this purpose, anymore than fprintf() would.
As much as I use it, I have to say that OutputDebugString() really sucks in many respects. First, it only accepts a string as an argument. This means that for anything except the most trivial debugging scenarios, you are going to have to manually format your text using either something from the sprintf() family of C functions or the std::ostringstream class.
It's pretty hard to pull this off without generating an extra three or four lines of code, and then all that stuff needs to be cleaned up or removed when you are done. And the last thing you need when debugging a problem is a lot of extra work.
A Blueprint for Improvement
There are any number of ways to work around this problem. My solution comes about via a number of self-imposed constraints:
 - Using my debugging output facility should require inclusion of a header file — nothing more. No objects to be instantiated, nothing to be added to the class under test.
 - Creating and outputting a formatted debug message of arbitrary complexity should trend to always using just one line of code.
 - Because debugging code that introduces bugs is a bit problematic, the code should be immune to buffer overflows and similar issues.
Depending on your proclivities, your solution is often going to be one of these two:
 - Option One is your own creation along the lines of OutputDebugStringF(), taking a formatting string á la printf(). Programmers who still have C-blood pumping through their veins are going to tend to use this solution, and they can even take advantage of modern language features to eliminate many of the issues that crop up with printf() — no buffer overflows and even no type mismatches.
 - Option Two is a variation on class OutputDebugStream, which can be used to send text to the debugger using iostream formatting. This, of course, gives us immunity from buffer overflows, type safety in formatting, and a standard way to use formatting for user-defined types.
My Implementation
My personal choice is for an iostream-based solution. I am able to completely deploy this anywhere by including the single file below in the C++ code that wants to use it:
_TAG_ once
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_ ODS_PREFIX
_TAG_ ODS_PREFIX "ODS: "
class ods {
 template
 friend ods& operator<<(ods& stream, const T& that);
public :
 m_stream << ODS_PREFIX << " ";
 m_stream << "\n";
 OutputDebugString( m_stream.str().c_str() );
protected :
 std::ostringstream m_stream;
 static ods createTempOds(){ return ods();}
template
 stream.m_stream << that;
 return stream;
_TAG_ ODS ods::createTempOds()
After including this header file in your C++ source, you can send any line you like to the debugger like this:
 ODS << "Value 1: " << val1 << ", Value 2: " << val2;
It's all very easy and the formatting is done using standard C++ rules, so there is no need to learn anything new.
Not shown is the code that you can use to turn this off in production systems: Not only can you prevent it from sending any code to the debugger, but you can easily make sure that the work done to format the data is skipped as well.
Implementation Notes
The core of this code is the ods class. This class contains an std::ostringstream object that accumulates all of the data that is being formatted in the single line for debug output. This member, m_stream, is initialized with a prefix that is defined in a macro, giving me the flexibility to change it in different source files, and making debug output easier to filter and search. When all of the data has been added to this object, it is sent out to the debugger by extracting the C string and passing it to OutputDebugString().
Getting this transaction to work properly depends on the C++ rules regarding temporary objects. The object that is collecting all the data is a temporary created by the ODS macro, which calls ods::createTempOds(). The temporary returned by this function is then the target of the insertion operator <<. Each of the following insertion operators add their data to the temporary object. Section 12.2 of the 1998 spec says this about the lifetime of temporaries:
"Temporary objects are destroyed as the last step in evaluating the full-expression (1.9) that (lexically) contains the point where they were created."
This is nice because it means that we can count on the ods destructor being invoked at the end of the expression — so OutputDebugString() will be called when we want it to be. If we weren't using a temporary, we couldn't reliably use the destructor to trigger output — it would be called when the object goes out of scope, which may occur later than we need.
One additional complication is that we are using the insertion operator on a user-defined type, ods, that doesn't have this by default. That problem is managed at the end of the header file with a very simple template function definition. Basically, it defines a generic insertion function that inserts the object you want printed into the m_stream object (which actually knows how to deal with it), returning a reference to itself so that the canonical chaining can occur.
This Is So Simple, Nothing Could Go Wrong
As a simple test of this, I created an app with two source files, main.cpp and sub.cpp:
_TAG_ "ods.h"
void sub();
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 int foo = 15;
 ODS << "foo: " << 15;
 return 0;
_TAG_ ODS_PREFIX "sub.cpp: "
_TAG_ "ods.h"
_TAG_
void sub()
 ODS << "current time: " << time(NULL);
Note that in the file sub.cpp I used the preprocessor to define a different prefix string. This will allow me to easily flag lines that originate in this file. In main.cpp, the default prefix of ODS: will be used.
When I run this program, the debug window gives me the following output:
ODS: foo: 15
ODS: current time: _PHONE_
Whoops, something is wrong. The formatting is working, but the same prefix is used in both files. I expected the line with the current time to be prefixed with sub.cpp:. How did this fail?
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In This Article
 1. What is leveraging?
 2. Benefit 1: Return on Investment (ROI)
 3. Benefit 2: Quantity of Investments (Get More for Less)
 4. Leveraging vs. All-Cash: The Debate
 5. Now Leverage Your Success
Most people invest in real estate with the hope of generating wealth. While the average investor isn't expecting to make millions overnight, they are looking to do something smart with their money. They're looking in the right place.
There are tremendous opportunities to generate wealth in real estate investing. Real estate investing is all about making smart decisions and taking strategic risks.
One of the smartest decisions and most strategic risks you can make it called leveraging.
What is leveraging?
What is leveraging? When you borrow money to help finance a property investment
When you leverage, you're borrowing money to help finance a property investment. The most common means of leveraging in real estate is taking out a mortgage. With a mortgage, you're borrowing from the bank to purchase your home.
Leveraging gets more interesting when you apply it to investment properties. You're buying these properties with the expectation of a financial return, so you'll need to structure your leveraging strategy in a way that maximizes that return.
In order to structure your leveraging strategy, you'll need to know the logistics of leveraging and what this strategy has to offer.
There are two main benefits to leveraging that you need to know...
Benefit 1: Return on Investment (ROI)
The most obvious benefit of leveraging is that you aren't paying out of pocket. This is especially helpful if you don't have much of your own money to invest but want to get into the real estate game nonetheless.
But there's an even bigger benefit to leveraging, and it requires some explaining. Here's an example:
Let's say you buy a rental property for $100,000 and you rent it out at $1,000 per month.
Scenario 1: All-Cash Purchase
Use All-cash purchase to buy real estate
So, you decide not to leverage real estate. You purchase the property in all cash.
After paying property taxes and insurance and miscellaneous expenses each month, let's say you take home $700 every month of that $1,000. $700 is your monthly cash flow.
Scenario 2: Leveraged Purchase
leveraged real estate purchase
You finance the property with a conventional mortgage, putting 20% down. That's $20,000.
You pay the same expenses every month as you would with the all-cash purchase, but now you also have a mortgage to pay off.
If you're paying each month with a 5% interest rate, you're making a mortgage payment of $430 per month. Instead of taking home $700 per month as with the all-cash purchase, you're taking home $270 per month.
So, Which Looks Better?
It seems like you're making more money if you purchase in all-cash. You're taking home $700 per month instead of just $270. If you think this an all-cash investment is the obvious answer, think again.
What matters in real estate investing isn't the cold numbers. What matters is how much money you are making on the money you invest. You want to know how much cash you are making in relation to how much cash you put in. This is determined using the cash-on-cash equation.
the cash-on-cash equation is annual net income divided by amount of money put into your investments
Let's look at those scenarios again.
Scenario 1: All-Cash Purchase
All-cash purchase of real estate investment property
Your net monthly income is $700 after expenses. To get your annual net income, multiply by 12. Then divide it by your initial investment of $100,000.
It should look like this:
($700 x 12)/$100,000 = 0.084 = 8.4%
That's 8.4% cash-on-cash return.
Scenario 2: Leveraged Purchase
Leverages real estate purchase - 16.2% cash-on-cash return
Your net monthly income is $270 after expenses and mortgage payments. Again, multiply this by the 12 months in the year for your annual net income. Then divide it by your down payment of $20,000.
It should look like this:
($270 x 12)/$20,000 = 0.162 = 16.2%
With a leveraged purchase, you're making 16.2% cash-on-cash return.
So, Which Looks Better NOW?
Do you see the difference?
The leveraged purchase provides nearly double the return on the money you invested. While your monthly cash flow seemed significantly lower at first glance, you're actually getting double the return on your investment.
Look at the change. The cash-on-cash equation helps you determine how much of a return you're really making when you take your actual investment into account. Cash flow means nothing when you don't consider your investment.
A leveraged property won't always offer double the return on your investment. It all depends on your initial investment, monthly payments, and cash flow. In some cases, a leveraged real estate investment could give you negative returns while an all-cash investment puts you in the positive.
What matters is that you're able to run the numbers on your investment.
Benefit 2: Quantity of Investments (Get More for Less)
There's another benefit to leveraging—and it's staring you right in the face.
In the all-cash scenario, you spent $100,000 of your own money. In the leveraging scenario, you only had to spend $20,000 of your investable money.
Let's assume you have that $100,000 to invest in both scenarios. There are 5 sums of $20,000 in $100,000. This means that instead of buying one property for $100,000, you could potentially leverage 5 properties.
That's right. You can either pay all-cash for one property in Scenario 1 or you can finance 5 properties with Scenario 2.
Before you decide, let's look at the benefits of financing 5 properties:
5 benefits of financing multiple properties
Higher total monthly cash flow
Let's return to our cash-on-cash calculations. We know that if you pay all-cash for a $100,000 property, your cash return is going to be $700.
If you own 5 properties and make $250 off each of them every month, your monthly cash return is going to be $1,350.
But we know not to trust only cash value, so let's run the numbers through the cash-on-cash calculation.
We know from the example above that our all-cash purchase delivers 8.4% cash-on-cash return.
For our 5 investment properties, the calculation would be: $1,350 x 12 / $100,000 =.162. This means there's still a 16.2% return on your investment with your 5 properties—and you have more cash value to boot.
5 times the appreciation benefits (when applicable)
If a house appreciates, that's basically free money for you. So if a $100,000 real estate investment appreciates $30,000, you make $30,000 of what's essentially free money.
If your all-cash purchase property gains $30,000 in appreciation, you've gotten a bonus $30,000 in your pocket.
But if you own five properties and they all gain the same $30,000 in appreciation? You have a bonus of $150,000 in your pocket—5 times that $30,000.
Note: Numbers being used are solely to illustrate the math and are not actual numbers. All equations should be run off actual property numbers and never estimated. Also, $100,000 buying five properties does not take into consideration closing costs with the lender and other expenses to buy the property.
5 times the tax benefits (which are huge)
Tax benefits are less intuitive to calculate, but they are substantial on rental properties. With your 5 properties, your tax benefits are higher than what they would be on just one property,
So, you picked a bad property. If you made an all-cash payment, that money would essentially be sunk. You'd be taking losses over and over again.
With 5 leveraged properties, all of your eggs aren't in one basket in case you pick a lemon property.
Offset against vacancy and repairs
If you invest in one house and your tenants move out, you have to cover vacancy and repair expenses yourself. If the tenants in one house move out but you own five houses, you can use the income from the other four houses to offset those expenses.
With all of those benefits, what's the catch? Why isn't everyone leveraging like mad?
Leveraging vs. All-Cash: The Debate
After exploring the benefits of leveraging, you might think the answer to this debate is an obvious one. Shouldn't leveraging win out over paying all-cash for an investment property?
The reality is that there are a lot of people shouting from the rooftops that leveraging is dangerous and risky and should be avoided at all costs.
So what's the real problem leveraging? The main reason is fear. People are afraid of leveraging. Here are some of the main fears:
top 4 fears in leveraging real estate
But the fear surrounding leveraging is based on misunderstandings. Let's re-examine the list of possible fears, but follow-up with easy and practical solutions:
They fear not being able to cover the mortgage payments on their properties and being foreclosed upon.
This is why having a nest egg is important.


text:
Definition of longitudinal
- The insect's back is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
- the longitudinal extent of the building
- a longitudinal study of juvenile offenders over a period of five years
The insect's body is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
calculating the longitudinal position of a ship
a longitudinal study of career aspirations among girls from 5 to 17
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'longitudinal.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
What made you want to look up longitudinal? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The following is a short list of things to check when you have a problem.
- Did you call mongoc_init() in main()? If not, you will likely see a segfault.
- Have you leaked any clients or cursors as can be found with mongoc-stat ?
- Have packets been delivered to the server? See egress bytes from mongoc-stat .
- Does ASAN show any leaks? Ensure you call mongoc_cleanup() at the end of your process to cleanup lingering allocations from the MongoDB C driver.
- If compiling your own copy of MongoDB C Driver, consider using the cmake option -DENABLE_TRACING=ON to enable function tracing and hex dumps of network packets to STDERR and STDOUT.
The MongoDB C Driver comes with an optional and unique feature to help developers and sysadmins troubleshoot problems in production. Performance counters are available for each process using the C Driver. If available, the counters can be accessed outside of the application process via a shared memory segment. The counters may be used graph statistics about your application process easily from tools like Munin or Nagios. For example, the command watch --interval=0.5 -d mongoc-stat $PID may be used to monitor an application.
Performance counters are only available on Linux platforms and macOS arm64 platforms that support shared memory segments. On supported platforms, they are enabled by default. Applications can be built without the counters by specifying the cmake option -DENABLE_SHM_COUNTERS=OFF. Additionally, if performance counters are already compiled, they can be disabled at runtime by specifying the environment variable MONGOC_DISABLE_SHM.
Performance counters keep track of the following:
- Active and Disposed Cursors
- Active and Disposed Clients, Client Pools, and Socket Streams.
- Number of operations sent and received, by type.
- Bytes transferred and received.
- Authentication successes and failures.
- Number of wire protocol errors.
An operation is considered "sent" when one or more bytes of the corresponding message is written to the stream, regardless of whether the entire message is successfully written or if the operation ultimately succeeds or fails. This does not include bytes that may be written during the stream connection process, such as TLS handshake messages.
To access counters for a given process, simply provide the process id to the mongoc-stat program installed with the MongoDB C Driver.
$ mongoc-stat 22203 Operations : Egress Total : The number of sent operations. : 13247 Operations : Ingress Total : The number of received operations. : 13246 Operations : Egress Queries : The number of sent Query operations. : 13247 Operations : Ingress Queries : The number of received Query operations. : 0 Operations : Egress GetMore : The number of sent GetMore operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress GetMore : The number of received GetMore operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Insert : The number of sent Insert operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Insert : The number of received Insert operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Delete : The number of sent Delete operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Delete : The number of received Delete operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Update : The number of sent Update operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Update : The number of received Update operations. : 0 Operations : Egress KillCursors : The number of sent KillCursors operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress KillCursors : The number of received KillCursors operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Msg : The number of sent Msg operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Msg : The number of received Msg operations. : 0 Operations : Egress Reply : The number of sent Reply operations. : 0 Operations : Ingress Reply : The number of received Reply operations. : 13246 Cursors : Active : The number of active cursors. : 1 Cursors : Disposed : The number of disposed cursors. : 13246 Clients : Active : The number of active clients. : 1 Clients : Disposed : The number of disposed clients. : 0 Streams : Active : The number of active streams. : 1 Streams : Disposed : The number of disposed streams. : 0 Streams : Egress Bytes : The number of bytes sent. : 794931 Streams : Ingress Bytes : The number of bytes received. : 589694 Streams : N Socket Timeouts : The number of socket timeouts. : 0 Client Pools : Active : The number of active client pools. : 1 Client Pools : Disposed : The number of disposed client pools. : 0 Protocol : Ingress Errors : The number of protocol errors on ingress. : 0 Auth : Failures : The number of failed authentication requests. : 0 Auth : Success : The number of successful authentication requests. : 0
Submitting a Bug Report
Think you've found a bug? Want to see a new feature in the MongoDB C driver? Please open a case in our issue management tool, JIRA:
- Create an account and login.
- Navigate to the CDRIVER project.
- Click Create Issue - Please provide as much information as possible about the issue type and how to reproduce it.
Bug reports in JIRA for all driver projects (i.e. CDRIVER, CSHARP, JAVA) and the Core Server (i.e. SERVER) project are public.
2017-present, MongoDB, Inc


Blogs > Liberty and Power > What a Disappointment!
Feb 27, 2011 10:09 pm
What a Disappointment!
I expected Ian Morris's book Why the West Rules—For Now to be much better than it is, having read Tyler Cowen's recommendation on Marginal Revolution. Frankly, I hated it.
The book is one of those grand-themed books like Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel and Kenneth Pomeranz's The Great Divergence but it is not nearly as insightful as those (I've directed conferences on both). Morris's ambition is to explain the progress of mankind starting about 50,000 years ago and, in particular, to answer the question of why the West overcame the East in social development.
But his theories are pallid, almost nonexistent. The major theory is that people are greedy, lazy, and afraid. Social development (his label for progress) occurs because people respond to changing circumstances—especially climate change—in ways that reflect these attributes.
Yes, that's basically it. And it's a pretty horrifying book because in his view history is mostly about the slaughter inflicted by a changing array of brutal chieftains, kings, and emperors. The history of the world is like a chessboard; sometimes White dominates, sometimes Black, but all the pieces are playing the same game.
There's not a word here about institutions. Thus, in the end, in spite of 750 pages of sometimes arresting detail, history turns out to be just one damn thing after another, as Arnold Toynbee once characterized it.
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American Dictionary of the English Language
Dictionary Search
BASE, adjective
1. Low in place. obsolete
2. Mean; vile; worthless; that is, low in value or estimation; used of things.
3. Of low station; of mean account; without rank, dignity or estimation among men; used of persons.
The base shall behave proudly against the honorable. Isaiah 3:5.
4. Of mean spirit; disingenuous; illiberal; low; without dignity of sentiment; as a base and abject multitude.
5. Of little comparative value; applied to metals, and perhaps to all metals, except gold and silver.
6. Deep; grave; applied to sounds; as the base sounds of a viol.
7. Of illegitimate birth; born out of wedlock.
8. Not held by honorable tenure. A base estate is an estate held by services not honorable, not in capite, or by villenage. Such a tenure is called base or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.
BASE, noun [Latin basis; that which is set, the foundation or bottom.]
1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests; as the base of a column, the pedestal of a statue, the foundation of a house, etc.
In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedestal and the bottom of the shaft; but when there is no pedestal, it is the part between the bottom of the column and the plinth. Usually it consists of certain spires or circles. The pedestal also has its base
2. In fortification, the exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which is drawn from the flanked angle of a bastion to the angle opposite to it.
3. In gunnery, the least sort of ordnance, the diameter of whose bore is l 1/4 inch.
4. The part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings.
5. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone.
6. In old authors, stockings; armor for the legs.
7. The place from which racers or tilters start; the bottom of the field; the carcer or starting post.
8. The lowest or gravest part in music; improperly written bass.
9. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars.
10. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. Any side of a triangle may be called its base but this term most properly belongs to the side which is parallel to the horizon. In rectangled triangles, the base properly, is the side opposite to the right angle. The base of a solid figure is that on which it stands. The base of a conic section is a right line in the hyperbola and parabola, arising from the common intersection of the secant plane and the base of the cone.
11. In chimistry, any body which is dissolved by another body, which it receives and fixes. Thus any alkaline, earthy or metallic substance, combining with an acid, forms a compound or neutral salt, of which it is the base Such salts are called salts with alkaline, earthy or metallic bases.
12. Thorough base in music, is the part performed with base viols or theorbos, while the voices sing and other instruments perform their parts, or during the intervals when the other parts stop. It is distinguished by figures over the notes.
Counter base is a second or double base when there are several in the same concert.
BASE, verb transitive To embase; to reduce the value by the admixture of meaner metals. [Little Used.]
2. To found; to lay the base or foundation.
To base and build the commonwealth of man.


beautiful and the expressions on their faces bear the canons of exceptional – but fragile beauty. Alberto's close friend, Manalte, says that the bourgeoisie of Ferrare is Fascist when the workers are not. He himself claims to be a Communist. To play Manalte, Vittorio de Sica chose an actor with very dark hair, who represents the virility of men. On his asking Micol whether she likes men (hinting at her possible homosexuality), Micols replies that she does, but not men like him, that she thinks he is too provincial, a communist and too hairy. This answer should throw us into laughter but it does not since we understand all the perversity of the fascist propaganda. We cannot help being concerned with the suggested homosexuality of Alberto. In a scene showing the two friends Alberto and Manalte sitting together playing chess, Alberto looks at Manalte in a very tender way and to Manalte wanting to know whether Alberto made love to Gladys in the past, Alberto replies "E tu?". Alberto is obviously physically attracted to Manalte who does not understand this at all. In his turn, he says : "Then why were you so jealous of her?"
These suggestions are informed by the cultural context in film making after the Second World War [8] and theories on the cinema. To Carlo Lizzani, an Italian film critic in 1955, neo-realism is the answer to fascist cinema and is therefore a social cinema. But to André Bazin [9] in 1957, neo-realism introduces an aesthetic dimension for instance in the representation of reality : what is seen is ambiguous, therefore reality is to be de-deciphered rather than being an immediately perceived. The references to Visconti (Micol escapes to Venice, the first Italian Republic), but also the references to Renaissance paintings (portraits by Rafaele or countryside sceneries represented in the distance in Ucello's paintings) are numerous in the film.
It was made just after the revolutionary years of _PHONE_, as if Vittorio de Sica had wanted to alert the Italian people on the fragile character of the Italian democracy. As a matter of fact in these years, communism and violence are quite strong in Italy. It is interesting to note that this film is being re-released at a moment – 2007 - when contemporary Italian film directors seem to be very interested to talk about the events of these years [10], as if to address the Italian people with the same alarming message. With this film, Vittorio de Sica might have been saying to the younger generation – and with this new release, to us - that it is very important to remain connected to culture and humanism in order not to lose our soul, even in a world that has lost its way.
None of the characters are (can be) happy with their lives, they all desperately try to adapt to others but always fail in the end. We can understand Alberto's incurable and mysterious illness, and moreover his death as the metaphor of the death of civilisation in a context of violence. Six months later Micol is arrested with the rest of the family to be sent away. The film suggests that after the spoliation of the family property, after their being arrested by the Fascists, the family is never to come back.
Notes :
[1] In october 1943, 37 000 Italian Jews are made prisoners under german control. 8 360 were transported in october and november, amongst them 186 were from Ferrare. 7 749 Italian Jews were sent to Auschwitz and killed.
[2] On the motivations of the government to implement these laws, see Marie-Anne Matard Bonucci, L'Italie fasciste et la persécution des Juifs, Paris, Perrin, 2007.
[3] We can refer here to the opera of the 17th century (Concerto delle Dame di Ferrara, by Luzzasco Luzzaschi).
[4] The film The Garden of The Finzi Continis was made after the novel written by Giorgio Bassani. See Giorgio Bassani, Le Roman de Ferrare, Paris : Quarto Gallimard, 2006, for the French translation. Giorgio Bassani has been rewriting his novels many times to be closer each time to reality. He says in an interview that he always wanted to be a historian and historicist rather than inventing stories.
[5] On July the 14th 1938, Italian newspapers published a definition of Fascism in front of "the racial problems". It declares the determination to have a pure Italian race and claims that the Jews do not belong to this race. Moreover Jews are considered to be the Anti-Fascist leaders. Therefore they must be excluded from the Italian society.
[6] See Marie-Anne Matard Bonucci, « La spoliation des biens juifs dans l'Italie fasciste, de la limitation à l'anéantissement », in Revue d'histoire de la Shoah, « Spoliations en Europe », n°186, janvier - juin 2007, pp. 249 à 272.
[7] Helmut Berger, who plays Alberto Finzi-Contini, was Luchino Visconti's partner in life and in cinema.
[8] Other film directors belong to this neo-realism movement such as Roberto Rossellini, Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, Luchino Visconti but also Yasujiro Ozu and Abbas Kiarostami.
[9] André Bazin, « Cabiria ou le voyage au bout du néroréalisme », Cahiers du cinéma, N°76, novembre 1957.
[10] In Michele Placido's film, Romanzo Criminale, the story is set in 1975 in a time when Italy is shaken by a period of extreme violence and the terrorism of the Red Brigades.
Gabrielle Costa de Beauregard
Champ libre
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Origin of Introductions
Regulatory officials need to know the origin of the ALB infestations to be able to prevent further introductions from the same sources and to understand the spread of existing infestations. Also, there are some biological differences between the populations that may require slightly different eradication methods used so knowing the origin will be critical.
Developing molecular methods to identify the origins of North American infestations of ALB. Several different DNA marker types will be used.
Origins of infestations will be identified.
The mtDNA haplotype of beetles from Carteret, NJ differed from that of New York City/Jersey City beetles by 18 nucleotide sites, from that of Toronto beetles by 17 nucleotide sites, and from the Chicago/New York City mtDNA haplotype by 4 nucleotide sites. Ranking them in terms of genetic distance from the New York City/Jersey City, population, we have the Chicago/New York City mtDNA haplotype most similar (4 different nucleotide sites) followed by the Toronto mtDNA haplotype (7 different nucleotide sites) followed by the Carteret mtDNA haplotype (18 nucleotide sites) as indicated by clade distances. We show that beetles from the Toronto and Carteret populations each have their own unique mtDNA haplotype. This suggests that these invasions were initiated separately from each other and from the primary New York/Jersey City invasion. This data does not support the hypothesis that beetles dispersed from New York City/ Jersey City to Carteret. All of the Jersey City beetles share only one of the two mtDNA haplotypes found in the New York City beetles. This might indicate that one or only a few beetles spread from one of the populations in Queens to found the Jersey City population, and that it was not a separate introduction event. We can say that two distinct haplotypes invaded New York. They must have been introduced from distinct source populations or from one heterogeneous population. Research is ongoing to sample potential source populations across China and Korea.
Maureen E. Carter, E. Richard Hoebeke, Richard G. Harrison, Steven M. Bogdanowicz, Melody Keena and Alan Sawyer. Analysis of mtDNA sequence data for the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis): evidence for multiple invasions in North America Proceedings, 16th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2005 GTR-NE-337 pp 3
- Maureen E. Carter, Cornell University Dissertation Research
- E. Richard Hoebeke, Cornell University
- Richard G. Harrison, Cornell University
- Steven M. Bogdanowicz, Cornell University
- Melody Keena, USDA-Forest ServiceNRS Research Entomologist
- Alan Sawyer, USDAAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServicePlant Protection and Quarantine Ecologist
Last Modified: 09/15/2009

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Bulanglang is a very healthy dish which is hugely popular in Philippines. More or less like a salad, the dish is prepared in different ways in different regions but in most places, the basic recipe and ingredients remain the same. There are both completely vegetarian and non-vegetarian versions of the preparation.
Origin of Bulanglang
Although somewhat disputed, the origin of the dish has been traced back to the Katagalungan Region of Philippines where fruits and vegetables have always been in abundance. The main ingredient of the non-vegetarian version of the dish, the Milkfish, is also easily found in the region. The preparation is a part of everyday cooking across most Batangas households.
Bulanglang RecipeIngredients
Main ingredients of the preparation are over-ripe guava, pechay leaves, onion, garlic, radish, salt, whole pepper, finger pepper and root ginger. For the non-vegetarian version, 2 large milkfish, locally known as Bangus, are sliced and added.
Ingredients of the dish are almost always consistent. However, some prefer to change the meat used and add pork or chicken instead of fish.
Bulanglang RecipePreparation
Making the dish is fairly easy and does not take more than a few minutes. All the vegetables and fruits are combined and boiled and the milkfish, pepper and salt are added. The mixture is cooked for sometime, pechay leaves are added and Bulanglang is ready to be served.
Eating and Serving Bulanglang
The dish is served and consumed hot, especially the non-vegetarian version. Depending on individual preferences, however, it can be eaten warm, at room temperature or chilled. Guava flavoring or tamarind flavoring can be added for more taste.
Although a salad, the dish is considered a wholesome meal in itself and consumed as one. Some, however, prefer to serve it alongside a bigger lunch or dinner meal or as an appetizer.
Health and Nutrition Facts of Bulanglang
Since the dish is made entirely from vegetables and fruits and there is no frying method involved, the preparation is very healthy and a perfect food for those looking to diet. Even the non-vegetarian Bulanglang is fairly healthy as it contains fish.


Nalçacı, Gamze
Ozmen, Ayse
Weber, Gerhard Wilhelm
Electric energy plays an irreplaceable role in nearly every person's life on earth; it has become an important subject in operational research. Day by day, electrical load demand grows rapidly with increasing population and developing technology such as smart grids, electric cars, and renewable energy production. Governments in deregulated economies make investments and operating plans of electric utilities according to midand long-term load forecasting results. For governments, load forecasting is a vitally important process including sales, marketing, planning, and manufacturing divisions of every industry. In this paper, we suggest three models based on multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) methods to model electrical load overall in the Turkish electricity distribution network, and this not only by long-term but also midand short-term load forecasting. These models predict the relationship between load demand and several environmental variables: wind, humidity, load-of-day type of the year (holiday, summer, week day, etc.) and temperature data. By comparison of these models, we show that MARS model gives more accurate and stable results than ANN and LR models.
Citation Formats
G. Nalçacı, A. Ozmen, and G. W. Weber, "Long-term load forecasting: models based on MARS, ANN and LR methods," CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1033–1049, 2019, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available: _URL_


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This is an example of a topic, which is located inside a lesson in a course. Topics like this are great for breaking down the lesson into manageable parts. Each Topic can have a video and/or text. You either use the Divi Builder or the WordPress block editor.
We wrote it to demonstrate some of the awesome functionality of the Divi LMS LearnDash Child Theme. You can build this lesson content with the Divi Builder or with the WordPress Gutenberg Block Editor. In this particular demo course, we used Gutenberg, but there are other courses here that use Divi.
Key concepts covered include:
- This course uses the Divi Builder
- If you want you may use the Gutenberg Block Editor
- These bullet points are dummy content
- LearnDash Focus Mode demonstration
- Accepted media files
- Example quiz questions
- Timer demonstration
- Course workflow
This child theme was created as a way to jump-start your e-learning and courses website. We know how much you love to use Divi, and LearnDash is the best LMS software for Divi. A ton of work went into making this child theme possible, saving you weeks of work and frustration. Just install the child theme, add your copy of LearnDash, and your website will look like this demo in a matter of seconds!


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Mineralogical constraints on the thermal history of martian regolith breccia Northwest Africa 8114
journal contributionposted on 23.09.2019, 15:35 by JL MacArthur, JC Bridges, LJ Hicks, R Burgess, KH Joy, MJ Branney, GM Hansford, SH Baker, SP Schwenzer, SJ Gurman, NR Stephen, ED Steer, JD Piercy, TR Ireland
Martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8114 – a paired stone to NWA 7034 – provides an opportunity to examine the thermal history of a martian regolith and study near-surface processes and ancient environmental conditions near an impact crater on Mars. Our study reports petrographic and alteration textures and focuses on pyroxene and iron oxide grains. Some of the pyroxene clasts show exsolution lamellae, indicating a high temperature magmatic origin and slow cooling. However, transmission electron microscopy reveals that other predominantly pyroxene clasts are porous and have partially re-crystallised to form magnetite and a K-bearing feldspathic glassy material, together with relict pyroxene. This breakdown event was associated with oxidation, with up to 25% Fe3+/ΣFe in the relict pyroxene measured using Fe-K XANES. By comparison with previous studies, this breakdown and oxidation of pyroxene is most likely to be a result of impact shock heating, being held at a temperature above 700 °C for at least 7 days in an oxidising regolith environment. We report an approximate 40Ar-39Ar maximum age of 1.13–1.25 Ga for an individual, separated, augite clast. The disturbed nature of the spectra precludes precise age determination. In section, this clast is porous and contains iron oxide grains. This shows that it has undergone the high temperature partial breakdown seen in other relict pyroxene clasts, and has up to 25% Fe3+/ΣFe. We infer that the age corresponds to the impact shock heating event that led to the high temperature breakdown of many of the pyroxenes, after consolidation of the impact ejecta blanket. High temperatures, above 700 °C, may have been maintained for long enough to remobilise and congruently partially melt some of the alkali feldspar clasts to produce the feldspar veins and aureoles that crosscut, and in some cases surround, the oxidised pyroxene. However, the veins could alternatively be the result of a hydrothermal event in the impact regolith. A simple Fourier cooling model suggests that a regolith of at least five metres depth would be sufficient to maintain temperatures associated with the pyroxene breakdown for over seven days. Low temperature hydrous alteration took place forming goethite, identified via XRD, XANES and FTIR. Comparing with previous studies, the goethite is likely to be terrestrial alteration pseudomorphing martian pyrite.


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Biography: John Lyman
Born in Biddeford, Maine, 29 September 1886
Died Barbados: Christ Church, 26 May 1967
Collection of the Library and Archives, National Gallery of Canada
" The real adventure takes place in the sensibility and imagination of the individual"
(John Lyman, May 1932)
John Lyman played a key role in the development of modern art in Canada, not only as an artist, but also as a theorist, professor and as the founder in 1939 of the Contemporary Arts Society.
Apart from trips to Canada in 1913 and 1927, Lyman spent the years 1907-31 in Europe. He attended the Académie Julian in Paris, and met the Canadian artist James Wilson Morrice. In 1909, he attended the Académie Matisse. The contacts with both Morrice and Matisse were crucial to John Lyman's art. Their devotion to a pure art of colour, line, and form, an art devoid of all anecdotal details or 'non-artistic' concepts, remained with Lyman throughout his life.
Lyman returned to Montreal permanently in September 1931 and tried to improve the artistic conditions in Canada. From 1936 to 1940, he was an author for the monthly art column in The Montrealer, where he commented on the Canadian art scene, promoted international trends, and offered some of the most intelligent writing on art in Canada. He co-founded the short-lived Atelier and introduced the students to French art. He was opposed to what he felt to be the xenophobic nationalism of Canadian art. To those who feared the taint of foreign art, Lyman replied, " The talk of the Canadian scene has gone sour. The real Canadian scene is in the consciousness of Canadian painters, whatever the object of their thought." The Montrealer, 1 February, 1938
In 1939 Lyman established the Contemporary Arts Society in Montreal. In 1949, Lyman became an art professor at McGill University in Montréal and, three years later, was appointed director of the Fine Arts Department.


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designs by Jennifer Coombs
NEWS and VIEWS
NEWS and VIEWS
National Award for Indigenous Land and Sea Managers
Mr Garret recognised the Indigenous people driving the project as the 'front-line' managers of the north Australian coast where dugong and turtle remain abundant.
Morrison said it was an honour to receive an award that acknowledged the
stewardship of Indigenous land and sea managers across northern
"The project supports communities to combine Indigenous knowledge with modern research and training to undertake management activities such as mapping and monitoring populations and habitats, tracking turtle migrations by satellite, and developing turtle and dugong management plans," said Mr Morrison.
project brings together Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders with scientists
from across northern
To find out more about the NAILSMA Dugong and Marine Turtle Project, visit: _URL_
Embedding Indigenous Science in your science
Kaye Placing and Alexandra Hugman
UniServe Science, The
Where to start? With the syllabus! (page numbers refer to the NSW syllabus)
Cross Curriculum Content
Aboriginal and Indigenous (Page 24)
Opportunities to develop understanding of aspects of Aboriginal and Indigenous culture are provided for students as they:
· describe (using examples including those developed by Aboriginal peoples) ideas developed by different cultures to explain the world around them
· analyse reasons why different cultures or groups within a society, including Aboriginal people, may have different views in relation to scientific issues.
The syllabus also
provides opportunities in teaching and learning programs for the inclusion of
Aboriginal and Indigenous contexts relevant to areas such as ecology, the
environment and astronomy.
Prescribed Focus Area (page 26)
4/5.1 the history of science
a) identify some of the scientific ideas that different cultures have contributed to science throughout history
b) describe (using examples including those developed by Aboriginal peoples) ideas developed by different cultures to explain the world around them
examples where societal, religious or ethical values have had an impact on
Theory of evolution by natural selection (Page 35)
· research the interactions between Aboriginal peoples and the Australian megafauna
Resources (Page 38)
· research Aboriginal people's use of natural materials (including ochres and natural dyes), artefacts and weapons, shelter and housing, and cloth and string production
Ecosystems (Page 39)
· describe how the land management practices and techniques of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples have changed the environment
UniServe Science web page
While sifting through the syllabus and searching for resources on the Web, we came up with six content areas to which we could develop an Aboriginal perspective. These are:
§ Astronomy and Cosmology
§ Meteorology and the seasons
§ Bush Tucker, Medicines, Ochres, Dyes and Utensils
§ Machines and weapons
§ Musical instruments and noise makers
§ Managing the Land
It was reassuring to see that when Michael Michie
(2005) an Education Consultant from
So where to start on the Web?
Science Years 7-10, Aboriginal educational contexts, NSW Department of Education and Training
This is the starting point. The resources on this web site are the outcomes of the Aboriginal Perspectives in Science Project conducted by the NSW Board of Studies in four regions of NSW in 2002 and 2003. Each of the four units contain teacher information, cultural background, teaching sequences, suggested resources, worksheets and activities and reflective journals from some of the teachers involved. Take some time to explore these resources.
§ Environment – Aboriginal;
§ Introducing Our Changing Earth;
§ Astronomy – Aboriginal Perspectives; and
§ Technology – Aboriginal Perspectives.
Engaging with Australian Indigenous Science
Michael Michie is an Educational Consultant from
Astronomy and Cosmology
The centre of Aboriginal culture is The Dreaming, which links people to both the physical and metaphysical world. Many traditional Dreaming stories are about relationships between their Ancestral Beings and the stars and planets. For more than 40 000 years Aboriginal people have observed the skies of the southern hemisphere and have developed a deep understanding and empathy with the changing seasons and environmental management.
Our understandings today, from a western and technological perspective, need not in any way detract from the wealth of knowledge and understanding gained by those ancient observers.
Aboriginal Astronomy: The Emu in the Sky
Australian Aboriginal Astronomy
Weather and the Seasons
Australia's climate is diverse ranging from hot wet tropics, dry
deserts, grasslands, temperate areas to cold mountain regions. Because of these
diverse conditions, the Aboriginal people from specific regions developed their
own seasons dependent on the conditions in the area. The calendars were
developed to reflect seasonal observations such as when particular plants were
flowering, when they lost their leaves, when a particular species of animal was
reproducing, when weather conditions changed. As these would vary from place to place, the
number of seasons in that local area also varied from three in the cooler
regions such as
Indigenous Weather Network
The Lost Seasons
Using Available Resources: Bush Tucker, Medicines, Ochres, Dyes and Utensils
The Aboriginal people have been living in
Many native plants used by the Aborigines contain toxins e.g. Black Bean and macrozamias for which the Aborigines had developed preparation techniques to neutralise their effects. Some fruits e.g. kangaroo apple are poisonous except when fully ripe. Kurrajong seeds are enclosed in a seed pod packed with fibrous material that causes irritation. The Aborigines had developed a knowledge base and practices to enable them to access a wide range of food sources.
Australian Native Foods: Plant Profiles
Using Bush Plants
Mining by Aborigines –
Aboriginal Plant Use and Technology
Aboriginal Bush Medicine
Traditional Aboriginal Painting Methods
Managing the Land
'Firestick farming' is the term giving to the practice used by the Aborigines to renew the environment to ensure an ample supply of both plants and animals.
Environmental knowledge and land management
Machines and Weapons
Indigenous people did not use machines - Wrong!
The Macquarie Dictionary states –'machine (n) an apparatus consisting of interrelated parts which is used in the performance of work'
Many of the tools used by Aboriginal people are in fact simple machines. The engineering of tools in traditional Aboriginal communities was essential for survival. Tools help people to work more efficiently. Without the tools, more physical energy would be needed to complete each task.
Aboriginal technologies had, and continue to have, a close relationship to The Dreaming. Particular people in a language group earned the right to develop and use particular forms of technology. A stone axe, for example, was taken from the land by Ancestral Beings and fashioned in a complex and skilled way before being passed on to be used in a way dictated by those Ancestral Beings. An understanding of the laws of physics and the complexities of aerodynamics enabled the skilled creation of the boomerang.
Indigenous technology (Boomerang and Woomera)
Music and Noise Makers
Traditionally, the Australian Aborigines produced only a small range of musical instruments. The instrument most commonly associated with indigenous music is the didgeridoo, which may be the oldest musical instrument.
However a range of traditional instruments were
The bull-roared, a piece of wood attached to a long string is common to many indigenous cultures around the world. It is swung around to produce a roaring sound, was used at ceremonial events to warn women, children and the inexperienced away from a particular sacred area.
Australian Aboriginal Music
For easy access to these and many other relevant links (both Aboriginal and Indigenous groups worldwide), visit the Embedding Indigenous Science web page of the UniServe Science web site at:
Board of Studies NSW.
(2003). Science Years 7-10 syllabus. Sydney: Board of Studies NSW
Harrison, N. (2008) Teaching and Learning in Indigenous Education.
Michie, M. (2005) Writing about
Australian Indigenous Science for a junior Secondary textbook: Some
Paper presented at the 36th annual
conference of the Australian Science education research Association,
Michie, M., Anlezark, J. and Uibo, D. (1998) Beyond Bush Tucker:
Implementing Indigenous Perspectives Through the Science Curriculum. Paper
presented at the 47th Annual Conference of the Australian Science Teachers'
Association (CONASTA 47),
Easy tracking of turtle and dugong
Indigenous rangers working with marine turtles and dugongs are trialling a new way of recording and tracking information about the animals. I-tracker, an electronic hand-held-data device with CyberTracker software, is being trialled by NAILSMA across 14 Indigenous ranger networks. It replaces pen and paper as a way of collecting information during on-country patrols. The information is then collected and stored on a computer at the ranger headquarters—allowing easy access by other Indigenous Rangers from the north.
The local data collected will—for the first time—provide a regional picture developed by Indigenous land and sea managers to support national and international assessments.
The I-Tracker project includes:
· hand-held waterproof personal computer with touch-screen.
· 'CyberTracker' program.
· programming CyberTracker so that it matches the activities of Sea Rangers.
· training and support program.
· review of the trial after a three-month period.
Cyber Tracker is a free software program that can be downloaded online. It was originally developed for the patrols of African wildlife rangers and bushmen, and has sequences that can be programmed for specific uses. Djelk Sea Rangers, who have used CyberTracker for the past five months, programmed the sequences, and the rangers have generously agreed


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This accessible and fun story about the causes of harmful algae in water teaches kids about environmental pollutants and how they can help stop them.
LONG ISLAND, NY, July 27, 2021 /24-7PressRelease/ — An engaging and empowering picture book, written by a kid…for kids!
The children of Seaville get a nasty surprise when they go to the beach and find it closed. Is there a monster lurking in the newly murky green water? The kids enlist the help of an environmental scientist to learn the causes of the harmful algae growing in their beloved ocean and what they can do to defeat this destructive monster. Written by sixteen-year-old Dylan D'Agate, a clean water, and environmental activist, Monster in the Water: Fighting Back Against Harmful Algal Blooms encourages kids to tackle water pollution in their communities.
When the young kids of Seaville bring a water sample to Professor Bloomington, she examines it under a microscope and tells them that their ocean's "monster" has a name: a harmful algae bloom. In small amounts, algae in the water are not dangerous. But in large amounts, caused by too many nutrients from pollution, it lowers oxygen levels and releases poisons which harm fish and other creatures including pets and people!
But how does pollution get in the water? Young readers will learn that everyday tasks can contribute to pollution in oceans, including using too much fertilizer, washing your car at home instead of at the car wash where the dirty water is properly disposed of, and polluted runoff ending up in our water sources.
"Some activities can cause pollution to enter the water through runoff. That's when water moves across the land. The water can end up in ponds, lakes, and even the ocean.
The algae eat the pollution, which causes them to grow and harm other living things…The process is also known as eutrophication."
There is a hopeful and empowering conclusion to this book that shows children that even they can help in stopping pollution that harms our waters: Like reminding parents to make sure their septic tanks are in good working condition or cleaning up after our pets outdoors. The book ends with a useful glossary outlining important terms along with an information section about how to learn more about harmful algal and other environmental issues. While using scientific terms and concepts throughout, the book is accessible, easy to comprehend, and fascinating.
Teenage author Dylan D'Agate was motivated to write this story by his deep connection to water and its important value—one that has given him joy living near it in Long Island. When he learned about this environmental problem happening within his own community, he knew he needed to do something to help. To fight back, Dylan researched as much as possible to see what kids could do to combat these harmful algae destroying our oceans. In writing Monster in the Water: Fighting Back Against Harmful Algal Blooms, he hopes to raise awareness and encourage young people to take action in their local communities and beyond, and to remind people that water is an essential resource that we all need—fish, amphibians, pets, and people alike.
With educational and entertaining text combined with painterly and appealing illustrations throughout, Monster in the Water: Fighting Back Against Algal Blooms is available wherever books are sold. A portion of the book sales will be donated to environmental organizations helping with clean water initiatives.
To purchase the book _URL_
In the book Monster in the Water, a teenage author and environmental activist shows how to fight back against harmful water pollutants through this accessible and fun story about the causes of harmful algae in oceans.
For the original version of this press release, please visit 24-7PressRelease.com here


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Data technology specialist Fusionex together with Malaysia's pioneer private medical and health sciences education institution International Medical University (IMU) incorporates cutting-edge digital technologies into the university's undergraduate programs in an initiative to support the increased demand for digital heath as an immediate results of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Both parties have expressed their total commitment to the present initiative through the signing of a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) between IMU Deputy Vice-Chancellor Professor Peter Pook and Fusionex Group CEO Dato' Seri Ivan Teh during the Healthcare Big Data Analytics Forum.
This collaboration will see Fusionex's Big Data Analytics and AI (AI) being implemented in various aspects of medical research and development to supply invaluable insights, reduce diagnostic and treatment periods, and expedite breakthroughs in medical research. These digital approaches to the medical field will allow students and educators to remain up-to-date regarding the spread of disease, receive better and more rapid health education, maintain consistent communication and improve deciding supported smart and holistic insights.
In order to furnish future healthcare providers with the proper set of skills and knowledge, the collaboration will see cutting-edge data technologies being integrated into five IMU undergraduate programs. These programs are Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons), BSc (Hons) in Medical Biotechnology, BSc (Hons) in Dietetics with Nutrition, BSc (Hons) in Nutrition, and BSc (Hons) in life science. These programs will provide four outcomes: an summary of the analytics life cycle, how analytics is contributing to the healthcare industry, why making data-driven decisions is vital for a corporation, and the way the effective use of analytical and AI skills can solve healthcare-related problems.
In addition, the MoA will allow Fusionex to supply trainers, data scientists and material experts to teach and aid IMU remotely through Fusionex Academy. This move will equip and expose the school to the benefits of massive Data via in-depth lessons and practical applications for cultivating next-generation digital health experts.
"Confronted with the Covid-19 crisis, healthcare is moving swiftly towards a greater use of sophisticated and purposive digital technologies. Through its utilization, there's little question that it might greatly help the medical field overcome any mass health crisis which will erupt, like the Coronavirus pandemic that we face now. As such, we are fully committed to partnering with IMU to nurture future healthcare providers who are ready to fill use of innovative technology to save lots of lives," said Fusionex Group CEO Dato' Seri Ivan Teh.


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Canadian Forest Service
Since 1990, scientists at ESSA have developed and applied a model for the Forest Product Sector (FPS) of Canada's Forests. The model traces the carbon in forests from harvest through processing into products and finally to landfills. It tracks losses from transportation, processing, and decomposition. The model accounts for the carbon that is both exported from Canada and imported into Canada. The model also tracks the energy use by type of energy, by each different processing type.
The model uses national data to parameterize the model. For harvest information, the model can use either volume data or it can use the carbon output from the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Service. The FPS model is currently a research tool, and not available to the public.
The FPS model has been used to assess the past (_PHONE_) and potential future (_PHONE_) role of harvested wood products in the carbon balance of forests. Using the model, we have explored the impacts of using different types of energy, accounting for changes in future processing methods and regional differences within Canada.


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QuantoGram HoloGuard (Single)
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The QuantoGram HoloGuard is designed to help protect you from EMFs & EMR (Electro Magnetic Frequencies / Electro Magnetic Radiation). This radiation is received and emitted from mobile phones, tablets (iPads), laptops, cordless phones, hands free devices and Bluetooth headsets, and while in use, or when placed in a pocket or handbag, creates electromagnetic stress on all humans and especially children.
The QuantoGram HoloGuard Phone Radiation Harmonizer, rather than blocking signals, resonates at a healthy, frequency that is said to neutralize the potentially harmful, positive charge field around a portable wireless (Wi/Fi) device i.e. mobile phone, DECT/cordless phones, laptops, tablets, portable Wi/Fi Hotspot devices and Wi/Fi modems, which may neutralize the harmful resonant effect on human organs and meridians.
The most frequent complimentary feedback existing users give, is the relief from the discomfort they experienced while talking on the mobile phone to their ear for a prolonged period. This is commonly known as "Hot Head Syndrome".
Further Information
Application Directions: The Harmonizer has a self-adhesive backing so it can be adhered to the back of the mobile phone or onto any other portable wireless device.
Alternatively, it will fit neatly under the battery or phone protective cover so it is easily transferable from one phone to another, as you upgrade your phone technology.


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Malcom Knowles merupakan orang yang dianggap pioner dalam memperkenalkan pembelajaran untuk orang dewasa.(_URL_
Ia menjelaskan mengapa pembelajar dewasa berbeda dengan pembelajar umumnya. Karena Knowles berasumsi bahwa :
Sedangkan perbedaan androgogy dan pedagogy dapat dilihat pada daftar berikut ini:
1. Demands of learning :
Andragogy: Learner must balance life responsibilities with the demands of learning.
Pedagogy: learner can devote more time to the demands of learning because responsibilities are minimal.
2. Role of instructor :
Androgogy : Learners are autonomous and self directed. Teachers guide the learners to their own knowledge rather than supplying them with facts.
Pedagogy : Learners rely on the instructor to direct the learning. Fact based lecturing is often the mode of knowledge transmission.
3. Life experiences :
Androgogy : Learners have a tremendous amount of life experiences. They need to connect the learning to their knowledge base. They must recognize the value of the learning.
Pedagogy : Learners are building a knowledge base and must be shown how their life experiences connect withthe present learning.
4. Purpose for learning :
Androgogy : Learners are goal oriented and know for whatpurpose they are learning new information
Pedagogy: Learners often see no reason for taking a particular course. They just know they have to learn the information.
5. Permanence of learning :
Androgogy : Learning is self-initiated and tends to last a long time.
Pedagogy: Learning is compulsory and tends to disappear shortly after instruction.


Feature Scaling
What is Feature Scaling?
Feature Scaling is an important pre-processing step for some machine learning algorithms.
Imagine you have three friends of whom you know the individual weight and height.
You would like to deduce Christian's t-shirt size from David's and Julia's by looking at the height and weight.
Name Height in m Weight in kg T-Shirt size
Julia 1.58 52 Small
David 1.79 79 Large
Christian 1.86 64?
One way You could determine the shirt size is to just add up the weight and the height of each friend. You would get:
Name Height + weight T-Shirt size
Julia 53.58 Small
David 80.79 Large
Christian 65.86
Because Christian's height + weight number is nearer to Julia's number than to David's, Christian should wear a small T-Shirt. What?
Feature Scaling Formula
x' = (x – xmin) / (xmax – xmin)
Feature min max
Height 1.58 1.86
Weight 52 79
Name Scaled Height Scaled Weight Combined Scaled Height + Weight T-Shirt size
Julia 0 0 0 Small
David 0.75 1 1.75 Large
Christian 1 0.44 1.44?
If we look at the combined scaled properties we see that Christian's value now is closer to David's so we deduce that Christian shall wear a large shirt as well.
Implementing feature scaling in python
As a little coding practice we can implement a feature scaling algorithm in Python:
def feature_scaling(arr):
 ret_arr = []
 min_val = min(arr)
 max_val = max(arr)
 if min_val == max_val:
 raise ZeroDivisionError()
 for f in arr:
 f = (f - min_val) / float((max_val - min_val))
 return ret_arr
MinMaxScaler from sklearn
Instead of writing our own feature scaler we can we should use the MinMaxScaler from sklearn. It works with numpy arrays by default.
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
import numpy as np
weights = np.array([[52.0], [79.0], [64.0]])
scaler = MinMaxScaler()
rescaled_weight = scaler.fit_transform(weights)
Affected Algorithms
Which algorithms are affected by non-properly scaled features?
SVM and k-means are algorithms which are affected. SVM for example calculates distances and when two features differ dramatically in value range, the feature with the greater range will dominate the other. (As seen when adding kilograms and meters)


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This Dog Discriminates, Now She Needs to Generalize
Dear Inquisitive Canine,
Our high-energy dog is about one year, and has learned quite well not to jump on us adults when we come home. She does however, continue to jump up on our 6 year old daughter.
It's difficult for our daughter to ignore this, as we did, especially when the dog scratches her to get her attention. Is there another trick a child can use to stop a dog from jumping and clawing? It's hard for our little girl not to squeal and run when she gets gouged with the claws.
Dear Lulu's mom,
Let's go through what you've written, and determine what is known and what you have:
- A young, high-energy canine.
- An excited, happy-to-see-her-family canine.
- An animal that is genetically programmed to greet others (of any species) by jumping up.
- A young human child who inadvertently rewards the canine by squealing and behaving similarly to "prey", or at least acts as excited and happy as the dog.
- An excited, exuberant, happy, young energetic dog that has learned to discriminate really well: She greets adult humans in a manner they like while approaching the little ones in a contrary fashion.
Now, allow me to identify what you would prefer:
- For your dog Lulu to greet young children politely, as she does adults.
I have to say, there are no "tricks" or anything else magical that would stop your dog from jumping and clawing, but there are some definite training steps you could take to achieve your goals.
- First and foremost: decide what you want from your dog. You say "stop jumping." Okay, I know what you don't want, but what is it you DO want? You'll need to choose the behavior you want from your dog – this way, you'll know what to reward her for. You need to give her the "right choice" to make.
I myself, as both a certified professional dog trainer and regular "dog mom," I prefer to have dogs greet humans with either a "Sit to Greet," or if the dog is really excited, "Four on the Floor" (all four paws need to be on the ground). Both are simple behaviors that are easy to teach dogs. You just need to decide on which one would work best. I would say teach both. This way, depending on Lulu's state of mind, you can set her up for success. Four paws on the floor is easier and more realistic during those times when she is super-excited!
Now that you're able to focus in on what you want from Lulu, what is the best plan? The following steps should help guide you:
- Have you, and any other adults do some "dress rehearsals" of sitting to greet (or four on the floor), when you come home. You enter the room, ask for the "right behavior," reward with food, petting praise. Repeat this exercise enough times to where Lulu appears bored – or starts offering the behavior before you ask.
- Once Lulu is "getting it" with you, attach her to her leash (to help manage your environment), and practice having her sit-stay with your daughter along side of you. Make sure there is enough distance so Lulu can't pummel her, but close enough to help mimic the end position of "coming home and greeting."
- You and your daughter can repeat the "sit-stay" exercise in a few locations indoors. (Fewer distractions make it easier for Lulu). Each time, follow it up with yummy food treats and attention. Lulu learns: "My tushy on the floor makes the little human say "Hi" scratch my chin, and give me treats."
Add in having your daughter enter the house/room while you continue to manage her on leash. Once your daughter enters, she can ask Lulu to sit for greeting and food rewards.
If Lulu decides she'd rather jump up to greet, you can give her a "Too bad," and a "Time out!" Meaning, take her out of the room for about 20 seconds or so. This way, Lulu learns: "If I jump up, I get nothing! Plus, I get ignored and no attention whatsoever! Well that downright stinks! I think I'll do more sitting. It's a better outcome."
Additional dog training tips would include:
- Continue to practice step number 4, while changing locations within your house – back door, front door – and at different times of the day.
- Recruit "volunteers": ask if any of your daughter's friends are willing (obtain parents permission first). They can help you by being the "greetee." The more practice Lulu gets, the more she'll be able to generalize amongst humans of all ages and sizes.
As a final note, it sounds like the adults have been consistent in teaching Lulu what is wanted, which is great – this proves that she is paying attention and can learn what is asked of her. Your daughter on the other hand, because of being young herself, hasn't been able to refine her "ignoring" skills, or train Lulu to greet nicely. Because of the inconsistency, she has inadvertently made this undesired behavior stronger. So, when you're not training or teaching, manage the situation by being around to help prevent Lulu from jumping up.
The more consistent and structured your training plan is now, the quicker Lulu will "get it", which will result in polite greetings all around, long before your daughter heads off to college.


text: Because switched system with nonlinear subsystems shows great difficulties in controller design by conventional methodologies, the fuzzy logic theory, which has been proven to be a practical and effective way to deal with the analysis and synthesis problems for complex nonlinear systems, is applied to design a class of hybrid fuzzy controller for switched discrete-time fuzzy system in this paper. On a basis of one step prediction of switching signal, a hybrid parallel distributed compensation (PDC) control strategy is proposed, which includes two necessary parts: the state feedback controllers for subsystems and the update feedback controllers for switching instants. In both arbitrary and dwell-time switching cases investigated, it is proved that the hybrid PDC controller contains less conservativeness than conventional switched PDC controller. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


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Photography Posing Tips for Photographing Men, Women, and Groups
Remember the time you photographed your model? You set up the photograph, make sure your background is appropriate, the light's great and you click the shutter. And then you look at the back of your camera and your subject looks heavy. You look at it on the computer and it is still not flattering. "How did that happen?" you wonder.
Posing is important. It is a way to capture your subject at their most flattering while making the image interesting.
Model Posing Tips: The posing rules differ between men and women and, most of the time, you never want to use male poses on women or female poses on men. However, if there is a specific reason to cross over the poses, it can create an interesting photograph.
So here's a few additional Posing Tips:
- Ask your subject to bring their chin down, otherwise the neck will command the attention of the photograph. Most often people will unconsciously lift their chin when being photographed. If you ask them to bring it down a little, they will usually respond that they are afraid of double chins. To remedy the double chin fear, have them push out their chin (I call it "turtle neck") and that will take care of the double chin.
- Posing Tips For women:
- Photograph her from an angle. Unless you have a very tiny woman, no woman looks her best when her shoulders and hips straight on to the camera. Pose a woman with her hips at the camera and then turn her shoulders and face back toward the camera.
- On a woman, if it bends, bend it. A Women look more feminine if you bend her elbows, wrists, curl the fingers a little (maybe even grasp her collar or necklace with her thumb and pointer finger), have her shift her weight on to one leg and then bend a knee.
- Ask your subject to tilt her head a bit, and again, drop her chin.
- Avoid photographing crotches, underarms, and up noses.
- If you are photographing a heavier woman, find them a prop that is flattering, for example, have them cuddle a cute pillow.
- Posing Tips For Men:
- Keep them square to the camera. Men look better with broad shoulders.
- Have him make a fist with his hand and put his thumbs in his pocket or have him cross his arms with his hands on his forearms and thumbs tucked under the arm (think Aladdin).
- Keep their weight evenly distributed on both legs.
- Remember to have him drop his chin a bit.
- For groups, try to arrange your subjects so they form a pyramid (either with the high point at the top or an inverted pyramid). Make sure you can see all the faces and if you can separate your subjects heads vertically by at least 3 inches, so the heads are at different heights. For example, pose Dad and then pose Mom so that her eyes are level with Dad's mouth. It is always fun to have them cuddle in tight together if they are family.
One Last Posing Tip: Learn Classic Posing
The last of my tips would be that not all poses look the same on all people. Don't be afraid of trying different poses and props until you find something that works. And don't be afraid to learn classic posing. When you photograph using the classic rules of photography, your images are timeless. Once you master the classics, it is easy to add your own flair for images that are popular and that are still well photographed.
Don Blair is the granddaddy of posing. His book, "Body Parts" is considered one of the best books ever written on posing and provides lots of great tips. If you would like some classic posing tips I suggest his book.


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The Peel Watershed Planning Commission released its much awaited final recommended land use plan today. In a bold response to earlier Yukon government criticism that the draft plan had too much protection, the Commission remained firm in recommending that 80% of the Peel watershed be protected, in two types of conservation areas. The plan calls for a large Special Management Area, a contiguous core protected area encompassing the entire Three Rivers region, including the Wind, Snake and Bonnet Plume watersheds – about 55% of the Peel watershed.
In the second type of conservation area, the Hart River is a proposed Wilderness Area, which provides for interim protection. Other watersheds, such as the Blackstone River on the western side of the Peel region, are within an Integrated Management Zone. Allowing for new industrial development in 20% of the watershed, and proposing interim protection in the Wilderness Areas, the Commission has shown a willingness to compromise. The Plan falls short of recommending protection for 100% of the watershed, as called for by First Nations and conservation groups, but remains a bold proposal of global importance.
This is a visionary plan for the Peel watershed, and, if accepted by the Yukon government, will result in one of the largest protected areas in North America. It deserves our support.
The last round of public consultations on the plan will be from mid-August until mid-September. We expect a Yukon government decision on the future of the watershed in late October, but the mandatory fall election may push that date.
To read the recommended land use plan, visit:
Globe & Mail Features the Peel Watershed, July 23
Read Bruce Kirkby's excellent article on why Canadians need to protect the Peel watershed wilderness:
For the latest news, action alerts and background information on the campaign to protect the Yukon's 68,000 km2 Peel Watershed, visit: _URL_ Protectpeel is loaded with images, video and the stories behind the conservation campaign. Find out what you need to know, and what you can do, to support Canada's largest proposed protected area.
Check out the Peel Watershed post on the National Geographic Global Action Atlas. Yes, the Peel conservation campaign has gone global!
Wild Rivers of the Yukon's Peel Watershed: A Traveller's Guide
… is your complete source for planning a trip to the Yukon's vast north-eastern wilderness – and learning more about the natural and cultural history of this inspiring landscape. Published in 2008 by Juri Peepre and Sarah Locke, the book is available from Yukon outdoor and bookstores (Mac's Fireweed, Up North Adventures), Mountain Equipment Co-op (Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto), and on-line from _URL_.
Wild Rivers is an essential companion to help you navigate the Three Rivers country (the Wind, Snake and Bonnet Plume), as well as the Peel, Hart, Ogilvie, Blackstone and Rat rivers. This well illustrated field reference will be a welcome gift for your friends or family who are thinking about a future northern canoeing or hiking trip.
The book features detailed river descriptions, maps, landscape and historic photos, tips on river travel in the Peel region, and engaging descriptions of the flora, fauna, geology, human history and conservation story. For more information, see About Our Book posted in the right margin.
To order the book directly from the authors, send a cheque or money order payable to Juri Peepre, 1575 Windermere Loop Road, Windermere, BC, V0B 2L2. Price: $24.95 + $1.19 GST + Shipping = $32.00 CDN. For more information, phone _PHONE_, or post your comment or question in this blog.
Tags: bonnet plume river, hartriver, peel river, peel watershed protection, peelriver, peelwatershed, snake river, snake river yukon, wind river, yukon rivers canoe trip guide, yukon wild rivers guide book, yukon wilderness protection


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Thanks to Cathy and Mandy for hosting today's Top Ten Non-Fiction Picture Books! I will be honest and say that I was scrambling after school today trying to figure out which books kids have been loving and sometimes hoarding in their book bins. I came up with a simple list of animal favorites.
What Happens Next?: I bought this book because I love pattern books and flap books and young kids often have success with these. I also love Nicola Davies and her non-fiction books are some of my favorites. I will tell you this book was in the preschool section but I think it serves primary readers well and also gives them a structure to mimic if they were to try writing similar book on their own.
My students this year seem to be obsessed with sharks. The boys especially have collected just about every shark book and have created their own basket of non-fiction books they are using for writing their own books or posting on the blog. Here are two that they are loving to read and learn from...
If You Were A Penguin: This book seems to be one of the most versatile non-fiction texts because it has pattern, descriptive language and non-fiction information embedded in it. I use it during our pattern book study to help kids see how and why authors use repetitive language and then later in in our non-fiction study to see how an author can teach the reader information poetically.
Farm: This series by scholastic has been a big hit in my classroom and I feature this book about the farm because it becomes a favorite as we go and visit a local farm in the spring. I can preview some of the things they will explore at Stratford and also help them notice features of non-fiction that a more traditional non-fiction text uses.
Who's Looking At You: This book is lots of fun because each of the flaps inside the book is a close up of an animal's eye. When the flap is lifted, there is information that you can read and another picture of the entire animal. It is playful and informative and always in someone's book bin.
The Life Size Series is VERY popular with the kids. Life Size Zoo just invites kids to love non-fiction. They love to read the small cartoons that feature more information about the animal. They also love to read about each animal's name. It seems to bring them closer to understanding and appreciating the type of animal they are learning about.
Each year I have kids who fall in love with Zoo Borns. They love the animals names and to find out which zoo is home to each sweet small animal. The animals narrate each page and you feel like you know them. This year I picked up ABC ZooBorns to add to our room. There is also a website we visit for videos.
So the last picture book is the exception to the top ten non-fiction books about animals. But, See A Heart Share a Heart is about how Eric Telchin is finding a little love around his world. I checked this book out from the library because I loved the cover and Eric's story. He quite simply finds hearts in his everyday life and photographs what he sees. Eric has a blog featuring his heart sightings.
I shared it on Valentine's Day with my kids. If we could all be focused on finding and seeing the best in others wouldn't our days be filled with more love than hate and jealousy. It seems like such a simple yet complicated quest as humans. This book brought me closer to helping young kids begin to think about it.


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Farm Safety-Beef Cattle
The majority of beef cattle accidents occur while the victim is handling the livestock. Many of those accidents involve horses and are the result of a rider being thrown or falling from the horse. (See related article on horse safety.)
Bulls, too, are involved in a considerable number of farm accidents, especially aged bulls that were docile as calves.
One veteran Hereford breeder learned the hard way just how dangerous a pet bull can be. While he was out checking cattle one day, he found he needed to read the tattoo of the herd bull. It was a bull he had raised himself, and it had even been a family pet as a calf.
He told his hired man that he'd just walk over and get the number. He figured that even though the bull was three years old, it had never been aggressive, so approaching it wouldn't be any trouble. When he got to the bull and reached for its ear, it lowered its head and turned it abruptly upward, slicing the stockman's leg and femoral artery with its sharp horn. The ensuing scenario was a series of lucky breaks for this gentleman.
His hired man, who was waiting in the pickup, realized the severity of the injury and was able to help the stockman to the truck and drive him to the nearby farmhouse. The stockman's wife, who was a registered nurse, was home and was able to stop the bleeding so they could transport him to the local hospital, five miles away. At the hospital they were fortunate enough to have a doctor who had experience with this type of injury and was able to repair the damage, thus leading to a complete recovery.
This whole series of events took very little time, but if everything hadn't fallen into place just as it did, this could have been a fatal farm accident. One point it clearly emphasizes is to work in pairs whenever possible. One person, the hired man, made all the difference in this case. Had he not been there, the stockman most likely would have bled to death in the pasture.
Temple Grandin, professor of animal science at Colorado State University, warns, "The bull that's going to kill you is the hand-fed, bucket calf. It will be dangerous when it grows up. If you want a safe bull, let the cow raise it."
With the popularity and practicality of artificial insemination many herds can eliminate the need for a bull. This in itself is a safety factor for cattle producers.
Cows with calves are another safety concern. First calf heifers are especially dangerous because you have no way of knowing how she will react to motherhood. A good rule of thumb is that if a cow was overprotective of her calf once, then she'll probably do it again. When protecting a calf, cows can be lightning quick if they decide to charge. You may not be able to get away before she gets you. For the older farmer this could mean potentially severe injuries. It is important for anyone working with cow/calf pairs to be aware of the situation and know the signs of an aggressive cow, but this is vitally important for the older stockman, who simply does not react as quickly as he once could.


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A.Word.A.Daywith Anu Garg
noun: A long novel, often in several volumes, that tells the story of an individual, family, or society across several generations.
From French roman (novel) + fleuve (river). Earliest documented use: 1936. Plural romans-fleuves.
"And it'd be a shame to miss out on the delights of the roman-fleuve as summer reading: there's a thrill in buying 12 volumes to read end-to-end."
Tim Martin; I'll be Joining the Dance Online; The Daily Telegraph (London, UK); May 17, 2008.
Explore "roman-fleuve" in the Visual Thesaurus.
A THOUGHT FOR TODAY:But what then is capital punishment but the most premeditated of murders, to which no criminal's deed, however calculated it may be, can be compared? For there to be equivalence, the death penalty would have to punish a criminal who had warned his victim of the date at which he would inflict a horrible death on him and who, from that moment onward, had confined him at his mercy for months. Such a monster is not encountered in private life. -Albert Camus, writer, philosopher, Nobel laureate (_PHONE_)
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Earlier this week, I read an amazing article by Six Minutes author Andrew Dlugan called "Why You Must Relish Every Opportunity to Speak." Dlugan explains that we must change our way of thinking about public speaking. I teach this concept to my students during my Fear of Public Speaking lecture, and the concept is known as cognitive restructuring.
Before we can restructure our thoughts from negative to positive, it's helpful to understand why we fell the way we do about public speaking. Please watch this amazing video based upon Seth Godin's "Lizard Brain" concept:
So now that we understand that our lizard brains are holding us back from being excited about public speaking, and we understand why, we can move forward to work on cognitive restructuring: changing our negative thoughts into positive ones. In "How a Shift in Your Vocabulary Can Instantly Change Your Attitude," Michael Hyatt explains that even though it is extremely difficult, we can actually change our minds and actions by changing the words we think and say. Andrew Dlugan expands upon this concept: "We must remember that every opportunity to speak is a privilege to be relished. It's an opportunity to put our ideas forward. It's an opportunity to start a dialogue to solve problems. It's an opportunity to motivate others into action" (Source).
Cognitive restructuring is a very difficult process of modifying your thoughts from negative and irrational (the lizard brain) to positive and uplifting. The point of cognitive restructuring is to be aware of your destructive lizard brain and its negative patterns of thought; to challenge that lizard brain; and to substitute lizard brain thoughts for "life-enhancing thoughts and beliefs" (Source).
Instead of living in terror and letting your lizard brain take over, change the words you are saying. Change the words you are thinking. Practice the four steps of cognitive restructuring. Allow yourself to be free from that lizard brain and to enter a world of positive public speaking experiences.