Sunday, 22 May 2016
The Tale of Elen of the Ways
 St Helen of Caenarfon
The Roman road, Sarn Elen is named after Saint Elen ( angliscised to Helen) whose feast day is celebrated today which connects her to Spring. Saint Elen was a late 4th century founder of churches here in Wales. Her influence on present day Wales still evident by the existing roads that bear her name, ancient Roman roads throughout the British Isles – that we can all still walk along. Roman roads in Britain are often called Sarn Elen, but it is possible that the original Elen's causeways belong to a much earlier period. Evidence of earlier paving is found under some of the roads, but the straightness of the Roman roads must sure have impressed the locals. The Celts associated straight paths with magic and the Otherworld, the paths that fairies took from one mound to another, the straight path of a magical spell, and the spirit flight of the shaman. It is significant that Elen is first beheld in a dream, then goes on to build a network of magical roads across Britain. Some associate these with ley lines, the ancient trackways that are said to join together ancient sites, such as tumuli, burial mounds, hillforts, stone circles and so on. It is possible that Elen is the guardian of these, or perhaps she is the guardian of the paths of dreams and visions.
She was the patron Saint of travel long before St. Christopher. On present day survey maps Sarn Elen is clearly posted. it is said that Elen is responsible for the building of these roads which in an ancient Britain connected strongholds. Some of these roads are associated with ley (energy) lines.The Welsh revered Elen as Elen of the Roads who at Beltane (1st May) opened the season of travel.She is certainly a pre-Roman goddess, and possibly much older than the Celts. The first trackways across Britain are said to have been reindeer tracks; Elain is Welsh for deer, and it is possible that Elen is one of the horned goddesses portrayed in Celtic art, such as the two figures found at Lackford and Icklighmam.
Elen's story is told in The Dream of Macsen Wledig, one of the tales associated with the Mabinogion.Welsh mythology remembers her as the daughter of a chieftain of north Wales named Eudaf or Eudwy, who probably lived somewhere near the Roman base of Segontium now Caernarfon in North Wales. and as the the wife of Macsen Wledig ( Magnus Maximus), the 4th-century emperor in Britain, Gaul and Spain who was killed in battle in 388 AD.
The Mabinogion collection is drawn from Medeival writings, although it is accepted that most of the tales were probably transmitted orally for centuries previous to their writing down. Nevertheless by the twelfth century, Britain had been Christian for a long time while it is clear that while some characters have been diminished, while once they were gods or otherworldly heroes, they appear in the tales as ordinary humans. Some believe that Saint Elen or Helen is such a diminished goddess, and her tale does give us a few snippets which tend to support this idea. There is her mysterious appearance in Macsen's dream, and the curious, almost ritualistic surroundings in which she first appears. She sits upon a magical seat that grows bigger when Macsen joins Elen upon it. There is the emphasis on her beauty and magnificance, which could indicate an otherworldly appearance.
And then there is this business with the roads, which has led many modern pagans to proclaim her as goddess of roads, ley lines, shamanic journeying, a guardian of all who journey etc. In addition some modern pagan writers, in a bid to increase the amount of information we have on Elen, are assuming that she is identical with other goddesses such as Brighid or that she is the forerunner of such goddesses.
Through the ages Elen and Helen's lives have been combined. In myth and legend Elen is representative of the land of Britain itself, Elen of the Ways istherefore a rich combination of legend, myth, history and imagination..
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Ceres: Operation Stolen Base
Ceres: Operation Stolen Base is a solitaire game depicting the actions of an elite Rebel task force attempting to seize the largest source of water in the Solar System shortly after the outbreak of the Free Mars Revolution. Your task force must defeat the Earth Federation ships in the area and seize the primary surface base. Four increasingly difficult missions must be completed to win the campaign game. Along the way, additional ships arrive and pods are constructed to increase strength and technological capabilities. A unique card system counts down the time remaining and provides challenges and opportunities at every orbit.
In this game the player takes command of a Rebel task force attempting to complete missions critical to securing the Ceres water base. Your success will ensure Mars and other colonies have a major source of water for survival and the Earth Federation will be forced to haul water up the deep and costly gravity well from Earth.
This game is set in the Free Mars universe and is a prequel to the Free Mars boxed game.
- 11 x 17" map
- 40 die-cut counters
- 18 mini cards
- Scenario Instructions
- Four page rule booklet

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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News from the Apple world
Mac Planet: Apples in space
Chris Hadfield in his cover of Space Oddity, shot and recorded in space. Photo / Supplied
By now you may have seen Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield's video of his version of Space Oddity, the David Bowie song, shot and recorded in space.
Hadfield has been credited with making space interesting again, with his twitter and Facebook commentaries, posting videos on YouTube and taking beautiful photos of Earth (including some lovely shots from far above New Zealand). He's a character, obviously, and one who communicates as adroitly as a teenager - in transmedia.
Commander Hadfield had been up there since December 21st last year, and his team (Expedition 35) docked with the ISS after a two-day flight aboard a Soyuz TMA-07M. His most popular video had over 7.5 million views, with several more in the millions or hundreds of thousands, until Space Oddity which had surpassed 11 million views when I checked. More than a million people followed the commander's Twitter and Facebook accounts.
Gizmodo has posted a'supercut' of 100 seconds of his video efforts.
Hadfield is back on Terra firma now. Pavel Vinogradov has taken over as the International Space Sation commander, helping the three astronauts into the Soyuz capsule. And while Hadfield could have done all the transmedia he did with Windows' based laptops and Android tablets and smartphones, he didn't - the astronaut used an iPad.
In recording his many video transmissions from space, Hadfield used an iPad as a teleprompter thanks to the Teleprompt+ app. The Bowie song was recorded in space using Hadfield's iPad with Apple's GarageBand app, but the video was actually edited back on Earth by his son Evan.
Of course, iDevices have been in space before. There were two iPhone 4s on the last shuttle mission in 2011.
The iPhones ran an experimental app called SpaceLab for iOS, designed by Odyssey Space Research. Once the space shuttle Atlantis docked with the International Space Station, crew members used the iPhones to conduct four experiments thanks to the iPhones' cameras, gyroscopes, and other sensors. The step-by-step instructions for each experiment were contained within the app, so the astronauts didn't need printed instructions to direct them.
But an iPhone had gone beyond the atmosphere before that: in 2010, Brooklyn-based cinematographer Luke Geissbuhler, assisted by his son, launched an iPhone 4 and an HD video camera into space using a weather balloon. The balloon was launched from Newburgh, New York, and climbed to nearly 32kms above the surface of Earth in an hour. The balloon then burst and the package containing the iPhone and the camera fell back to the ground on a parachute.
The father-son team tracked the package using the iPhone's GPS and found it in a tree 48 kilometres away. They then successfully extracted the video and edited it - some of the images are beautiful.
I even joked a few months ago that the Mars Curiosity was powered by an old iMac, Apple, which isn't strictly true. It is a PowerPC variant, and PowerPCs were Mac CPUs until Apple made the big switch to Intel. PowerPC, an Apple-Motorola-IBM project, were then used in the Xbox.
The two on-board Mars Rover computers are called Rover Compute Elements. They operate at a lowly peak of 200 megahertz and one works at a time to control the Curiosity's forays across the surface of the Red Planet. Each computer's memory includes 256KB of EEPROM, 256MB of DRAM, and 2GB of flash memory.
The Mars-faring electronic brains controlling NASA rover actually have far less horsepower than microchips found in current smart phones. An Apple A5 processor at 800MHz is fully four times more powerful than the 200MHz chip aboard Curiosity. The 512MB of RAM on the iPhone 4S doubles what Curiosity packs, and if you've got a 64GB phone, that's 32 times more storage than the rover. but the rover has a plutonium reactor which is maybe a more dangerous than an iPhone battery, but it lasts a lot longer.
The low-powered CPU's real challenges are in programming genuinely mission-critical software. Now that's lean coding! Ben Cichy, a senior software engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, told CNet "What's hard about this, my phone has a processor that's 10 times as fast as the processor that's on Curiosity and it has 16 times as much storage as Curiosity has and my phone doesn't have to land anything on Mars. All my phone has to do is follow (a) Twitter feed."
The main advantage of the RAD750 PowerPC microprocessor is that it's virtually impervious to high-energy cosmic rays that would quickly cripple most computer chips. Not that it's going to come back and rescue us after a nuclear incident. CNet has a lot more info about the details of the Mars Curiosity CPUs.
But are there Samsung Galaxys in the galaxy? Not that I know of. But it has to be kind of inevitable.
- NZ Herald
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This novel project seeks to identify the risk factors associated with juvenile offending within a Western Australian context. This is done through auditing court reports providing an in-depth content analysis of a child's personal living conditions, education levels, substance use, health, and an analysis of a young person's situation as described by their Juvenile Justice Officer.
In order to examine trends over time, we have examined juvenile offender reports at 5 years intervals, beginning in 1994 at the commencement of the Young Offender Act, up until 2009.
Intervention efforts and violence prevention programmes targeted at juvenile offenders rely on identifying protective and risk factors and determining when in the course of development they emerge. In order to be effective, such efforts must be appropriate to a youth's stage of development. Therefore, the study of risk factors is crucial to the development of prevention programs that commonly have limited funding and staffing.
Pinpointing which risk factors are associated with anti social and offending behaviour for particular sets of youth at specific stages of their development, can help programs in Western Australia target their efforts in a more cost-effective and efficient manner.
Please leave a comment about your rating so we can better understand how we might improve the page.


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During his honeymoon in 1816 Constable painted a number of oil sketches of the Dorset coast, including two sketches of Bowleaze Cove in Weymouth Bay. He later worked up this exhibition picture based on one of those outdoor sketches (now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London). He showed the curve of the bay, with a cliff in the foreground and hills beyond, and depicted a dense mass of cloud over the sea nearing the coast. Passages of sunlight in the sky light up the hills and the bay. Some time between 1819 and 1830 Constable extended his original painting by adding strips of canvas at the top and left to give a greater expanse of sea and sky. It was this version of the oil painting that Lucas used as a basis for the mezzotint, Weymouth Bay, Dorsetshire.
In his biography of Constable, Andrew Shirley remarked:
He recorded a dramatic moment at Weymouth … broken storm-clouds pass over an unquiet sea, where the earth's safe helmet of grass ends abruptly at the bright cliffs. Years later, in a mezzotint, he transformed the scene into a parable of his life; he discarded from the first picture the certainty that light will return, and left instead a storm that dulled the pleasant green of the land, obliterated the cliffs, and denied the possibility of hope (Shirley 1949, p. 103).
George III visited Weymouth in 1789, when it was recorded that on viewing the bay for the first time the king exclaimed: 'I never enjoyed a sight so pleasing.' The king's regular visits to Weymouth established the town as a flourishing health and pleasure resort.
This painting has been the subject of controversy. In 1907 P.M. Turner questioned its authenticity (P.M. Turner, 'The representation of the British School in the Louvre I', Burlington Magazine, X, March 1907, p. 341), as did Robert Hoozee. However Reynolds, in his 1984 catalogue raisonné, made a good case for this painting being the work that Constable exhibited at the British Institution in 1819 as Osmington Shore, near Weymouth.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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PRAIRIE CHICKEN SPRING DANCE A BIRDERS DELIGHT
April 5, 2012
From March through May, male chickens dance, fight, and call to attract mates
PRATT — Each spring, one of the most extraordinary mating rituals in all of nature occurs right here in Kansas — the courtship of the prairie grouse, more commonly known as the prairie chicken. On specific sites in otherwise indistinguishable tracts of natural prairie landscape, groups of male chickens gather at dusk and dawn in elaborate dances designed to attract females.
These areas — called leks, or booming grounds — are actually formed in fall when the order of dominance is established among the males. At this time, mature males gather in these relatively high, flat areas and attempt to establish their own small territories as close to the center of the lek as possible, where activity will be highest in spring. Although young males visit the lek, they are kept to the edges and seldom given the opportunity to establish their own territories.
While the fall activity is important and interesting, it is the spring lekking, or "booming," activity that most fascinates naturalists, both professional and amateur. Beginning in March and lasting through the end of May, male chickens display an incredible array of vocalizations and maneuvers to win the right to mate.
Avid bird watchers and novices alike are mesmerized by this site, and it's not difficult to find a place to witness it. For a list of prairie chicken viewing opportunities, visit the Natural Kansas website _URL_ or phone the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism's Emporia Office at _PHONE_ or the Pratt Operations Office at _PHONE_.
In the mating ritual, the male chicken's tail is elevated; horn-like feathers (called pinnae) on the neck are raised over the head; and the wings are lowered with the primary feathers spread. The bird stamps its feet while moving forward or in circles, and this is followed by a series of rapid tail snaps and fans. At the same time as the tail is clicked open and shut, a whoom-AH-oom sound is given as the bright orange air sacs on the neck of the greater prairie chicken (orange to plume in the lesser) are inflated for maximum exposure. The lesser prairie chicken exhibits similar behavior, but the sound is higher-pitched, and the air sacs are a reddish color.
A second major display is flutter-jumping with associated cackling calls. The male jumps several feet into the air, flies forward, and lands. In so doing, the bird advertises its presence as well as the location of the lek. Flutter-jumping is typical of the peripheral males when females are near the center of the display ground.
A female will typically fly to the edge of a lek and walk slowly toward the center. When the hen enters a male's territory, the male's behavior changes greatly. Lekking is performed with high frequency and extreme posturing. The male will display in circles around the female, showing all aspects of its plumage. At the peak of this performance, the dancer often spreads his wings and lays his head flat to the ground, as if bowing to the hen. If suitably impressed, the hen will stoop low to the ground, signaling that she is ready to mate.
Occasionally, fights break out among competing males. This is mostly ritual, as well, involving short jumps; striking with feet, beak, and wings; and face-offs in which the competitors whine and attempt to stare each other down. Injuries do occur but are seldom serious.
With its large, colorful air sacs, horn-like pinnae, and feathers growing all the way to its feet, the prairie chicken is one of the most beautiful birds in Kansas. And its mating ritual makes it one of the most fascinating birds to watch. Kansans are lucky to have the largest population of prairie chickens in the world, so viewing opportunities are good.
Two species of prairie chicken can be found in Kansas. The greater prairie chicken, the most populous, can be found throughout portions of northcentral and eastern Kansas, especially in the Flint Hills region. The lesser prairie chicken, which is slightly smaller and has reddish-orange air-sacs, can be found in pockets of native sandsage and shortgrass prairie in western Kansas. The lesser prairie chicken male produces a higher-pitched, bubbly sound, or "gobble," leading to the term "gobbling grounds" for their leks. On a quiet spring morning, the sounds of both species can carry as far as 2 miles across the open prairie.


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Grace Elizabeth King (November 29, 1852 - January 12, 1932) was an American author of Louisiana stories, history, and biography, and a leader in historical and literary activities.
She was born in New Orleans on November 29, 1852, the third of what became seven children of lawyer William Woodson King and Sarah Ann Miller King. The family had an aristocratic background but had been impoverished by the American Civil War. Grace King later studied under Charles Gayarré and eventually found her living in writing; among her subjects were other women who had been put in the same situation.
In 1915 she was awarded an honorary degree in letters from Tulane University. Her many literary friends and acquaintances included Mark Twain and Edmund Wilson.
She is buried in Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans.
Grace King High School on Grace King Place in Metairie, Louisiana, is named in her honor. The Residential Life Administration building at Louisiana State University is also named after her.
- ^ Bush, Robert. Grace King: A Southern Destiny. Louisiana State University Press, 1983: 2. ISBN 0-8071-2487-7


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close closes stream.
Closing a stream means
that it may no longer be used in input or output operations.
The act of closing a file stream
ends the association between the stream and its associated file;
the transaction with the file system is terminated,
and input/output may no longer be performed on the stream.
If abort is true, an attempt is made to clean up any side
effects of having created stream.
If stream performs output to a file
that was created when the stream was created, the
file is deleted and any previously existing file is not superseded.
It is permissible to close an already closed stream,
but in that case the result is implementation-dependent.
After stream is closed, it is still possible to perform
the following query operations upon it:
streamp, pathname, truename,
merge-pathnames, pathname-host, pathname-device,
pathname-type, pathname-version, namestring,
host-namestring, enough-namestring, open,
probe-file, and directory.
The effect of close on a constructed stream is
to close the argument stream only.
There is no effect on the constituents of composite streams.
For a stream created with make-string-output-stream,
the result of get-output-stream-string is unspecified after close.


text:
Definition of selection. Meaning of selection. Synonyms of selection
Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word selection. Also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word selection and, of course, selection synonyms and on the right images related to the word selection.
Definition of selection
No result for selection. Showing similar results...
Natural selection 10. (Mus.)
(a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human
throat, in distinction from instrumental music.
(b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat
nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major.
(c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which
moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but
little from the original key. --Moore (Encyc. of
Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer.
Natural fats, Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas.
Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common
Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or
description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of
botany, zo["o]logy, geology, mineralogy,
paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent
usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of
botany and zo["o]logy collectively, and sometimes to the
science of zoology alone.
Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right
and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished
from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated
Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its
Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order.
Natural person. (Law) See under person, n.
Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in
general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science,
commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena
and laws of matter and considers those effects only which
are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; --
contrasted with mental and moral philosophy.
Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without
flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less
likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales
represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally
natural with the so-called natural scale
Natural science, natural history, in its broadest sense; --
used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral
Natural selection (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural
laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed
selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in
the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural
selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly
by gradual changes of environment which have led to
corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms
which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the
changed environment have tended to survive and leave
similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly
adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for
the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the
fittest. See Darwinism.
Natural system (Bot. & Zo["o]l.), a classification based
upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all
parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.
It should be borne in mind that the natural system
of botany is natural only in the constitution of its
genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand
Natural theology, or Natural religion, that part of
theological science which treats of those evidences of the
existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are
exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed
religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3.
Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir,
her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest
open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel,
under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17.
Syn: See Native. Sexual selectionSexual Sex"u*al, a. [L. sexualis, fr. sexus sex: cf. F.
Of or pertaining to sex, or the sexes; distinguishing sex;
peculiar to the distinction and office of male or female;
relating to the distinctive genital organs of the sexes;
proceeding from, or based upon, sex; as, sexual
characteristics; sexual intercourse, connection, or commerce;
sexual desire; sexual diseases; sexual generation.
Sexual dimorphism (Biol.), the condition of having one of
the sexes existing in two forms, or varieties, differing
in color, size, etc., as in many species of butterflies
which have two kinds of females.
Sexual method (Bot.), a method of classification proposed
by Linn[ae]us, founded mainly on difference in number and
position of the stamens and pistils of plants.
Sexual selection (Biol.), the selective preference of one
sex for certain characteristics in the other, such as
bright colors, musical notes, etc.; also, the selection
which results from certain individuals of one sex having
more opportunities of pairing with the other sex, on
account of greater activity, strength, courage, etc.;
applied likewise to that kind of evolution which results
from such sexual preferences. --Darwin.
In these cases, therefore, natural selection seems
to have acted independently of sexual selection.
Meaning of selection from wikipedia
- in the context
, certain traits
s of genes segregating within
may be subject
- natural selection
is the gradual, non-random process
by which biological traits become either
more or less common
in a population
- selective breeding
(also called artificial
selection) is the process
by which humans breed other animals
for particular traits
bias is a statistical
bias in which there
is an error
to take part in a scientific study
- jury selection
are many methods
used to choose
who will serve
on a trial
jury. the jury pool, also known
as the venire, is
- a selective school
is a school
that admits students
on the basis
of some sort of selection
academic. the term may have
- selection referred
to 'free selection before
survey' of crown
land in some australia
n colonies under
land legislation introduced
- in population genetics
, directional selection
is a mode of natural selection
a single phenotype
is favored, causing
- the gene-centered view of evolution, gene selection
theory, or selfish
gene theory holds
that adaptive evolution occurs through
and selection: suitability
for a job is typically assessed
for relevant skill


text: In three consecutive sentences/paragraphs (in "Think tank slams B.C. minimum wage hike" on CBC News online on April 29, 2011), an error is found in each one. In the first sentence, why did the writer get tripped up with the third it's after getting the first two right? In the second, why is the word from between government and confirmed. In the third, schedule should be scheduled. As a side note, does CBC think that its readers can't handle paragraphs that are longer than one sentence? Click the image to enlarge it.


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... Getting Ready for Cosmic Hit
Expectation rises as time of impact on comet approaches
Three days before the NASA Deep Impact spacecraft will collide with Comet 9P/Tempel 1, most astronomers who will use all ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory in Chile, have now arrived at their respective duty station and are carefully putting the last hand to the preparation of their observations.
The scientists and instrument specialists are presently implementing the latest hardware setups, making the final checks of the automatic observing sequences and working out on a detailed schedule for the individual ESO telescopes operation during the coming nights.
Astronomers will start using the four 8.2m telescopes of the Very Large Telescope Array at Paranal and their many instruments, as well as the medium-sized telescopes at La Silla, from July 2, until five days after the impact, in what is most likely, on ESO's side, the most ambitious ground-based study of Comet 9P/Tempel 1.
On June 29, the astronomers met at the ESO Chilean Headquarters in Santiago to coordinate their action. Extensive discussions were held to prepare the observing sequences at the various telescopes, to arrange for fall-back solutions in case of problems, to set-up the data reduction and analysis procedures to be used and to outline the communication paths between the two teams at Paranal and La Silla as well as to the Deep Impact project and other associated teams.
The team will have regular videoconferences between the two observing sites in order to coordinate activities for the observations and to discuss results.
The first data/images from the campaign can be expected during the night of July 2 to 3, still two days before the impact. These observations will provide the reference dataset to be compared with the results after the impact.
The latest information of the comet indicates that it is fainter by a factor 2 (1 magnitude) than the predicted brightness. Comet Tempel 1 shows prominent but normal gas emission features and displays various coma jets. Two outbursts have occurred during the past two weeks.
Two observing programmes will perform imaging and spectroscopic studies for one week following the impact. They aim at studying the gas and dust components, in particular the material ejected as a result of the impact. More details on the observing campaign are available at _URL_ and _URL_
Just after the impact on July 4, the telescopes will start observing as soon as possible. With TIMMI2 on the 3.6-m ESO telescope at La Silla, it will be possible to observe in daylight, as TIMMI2 performs infrared observations. Images will thus be available from around 16:00 Chilean Time, or 22:00 in Garching. The images taken with the other telescopes - at La Silla and Paranal - will start as soon as it is dark enough, i.e. when twilight ends in Chile, i.e. around 19h30 Chilean Time, i.e. 01:30 am in Garching on July 5. The images will be processed in almost real time in Chile by the astronomers and then made available through the Web site.
The ESO Headquarters in Garching (Germany) will be open to the media representatives on July 4 and 5. A detailed plan of scheduled activities is available at _URL_


text:
In order to enable API Access to TradeGecko, the following credentials must be gathered:
Privileged Access Token
- Log in to your TradeGecko account.
- Go to _URL_
- Click New Application.
- Enter the details as shown below:
- On the Application Details page, click Create Privileged Access Token.
- Retain the generated API Token. This is your Privileged Access Token.
Inventory Location Name
The Inventory Location Name is required to enable inventory adjustments.
- Log into your TradeGecko account.
- Go to Settings > Locations.
- Under the Label heading, retain the displayed Location Name.
Next: Enable API Access


Last edited 04 Nov 2020
The word 'building' is commonly considered to refer to an enclosure within which activities can be carried out. It is a structure, usually consisting of a roof, walls, floors and openings such as doors and windows that is generally (but not always) positioned permanently in one location.
The Building Regulations suggest that the word 'building' refers to: '...any permanent or temporary building but not any other kind of structure or erection'. That is, a tunnel, or bridge for example would not be considered to be a building.
The origins of buildings can be traced back over 44,000 years to the ice age and the Siberian Steppe, where remains have been found of simple shelters constructed from animal skins draped between sticks.
These 'tented' structures thrived in regions where materials were scarce, or where survival required mobility; both conditions which tended to be brought about by low rainfall. Changing climates brought about a slow transition from nomadic tents to permanent huts and vice versa, and it was from the resultant process of intermediate modification that an enormous range of composite buildings evolved.
Some of these basic generic forms of structure are still used in remarkably un-changed forms throughout the world today, for example; the black tent, the mud brick hut and the yurt (a composite structure still in common use in Mongolia).
As well as being a noun, the word 'building' is also used as a verb describing the act of constructing or making the thing itself. For more information see: Building work.
Buildings serve a diverse range of societal needs, but fundamentally they create shelter, providing a physical division between the inside and outside environments to provide:
This differs from the more general term 'structure' which within the context of the built environment refers to anything that is constructed or built from interrelated parts with a fixed location on the ground. This includes buildings, but can also refer to any body that is designed to bear loads, such as a communications mast.
There are a very wide variety of buildings that have been constructed and used throughout history, in all manner of shapes, sizes and functions, and using all kinds of different materials. For more information, see Types of building.
NB The Scottish Building Standards, Part I. Technical Handbook – Domestic, Appendix A Defined Terms, suggests that:
Building means any structure or erection, whether temporary or permanent, other than a structure or erection consisting of, or ancillary to:
 - any public road (including any bridge on which the road is carried),
 - any private road,
 - any sewer or water main which is, or is to be, vested in Scottish Water,
 - any aerodrome runway,
 - any railway line,
 - any large raised reservoir within the meaning of the Reservoirs Act 1975 (c23),
 - any wires and cables, their supports above ground and other apparatus used for telephonic or telegraphic communication.
Any references to a building include references to a prospective building. Any references to a building, structure or erection include references to a part of the building, structure or erection. In relation to the extension, alteration or conversion of a building, references to a building are to so much of the building as is comprised in the extension or the subject of the alteration or conversion.
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text:
Or maybe it was called pixie dust. Whatever it was Tinkerbell sprinkled over the children in the Peter Pan story that magically allowed them to fly. That's the ticket — that's what we needed! Because you know, otherwise we couldn't fly. (Not even if you wear a superhero cape and jump off your dresser.) We need something, because there are too many incidences of people with disabilities being denied airplane access, such as:
A limbless woman being refused permission to travel alone by Air France, one of whose employees said: "A torso cannot possibly fly on its own"
Actually, neither can torsos with arms and legs. Because we lack wings, humans cannot fly. That's why we invented airplanes. And helicopters, and hang gliders and suchlike.
At last a new law in the European Union is ensuring that all sorts of humans can not only get their tickets, but also get on their airplanes, because both holiday (vacation travel) companies and airlines will no longer be able to discriminate against the seven million disabled people who would travel by air around the EU. Furthermore, guide dogs will be allowed on planes, and you can get compensation if your wheelchair or other equipment gets mangled during the trip.
Because we lack wheels, humans cannot roll. That's why we invented wheelchairs. And bicycles and motorcycles and cars and trains and suchlike. We just keep on truckin'.


Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion: Question Preview (ID: 18616)
Below is a preview of the questions contained within the game titled FRICTION: A FORCE THAT OPPOSES MOTION: Use This To Study For Your Quiz.To play games using this data set, follow the directions below. Good luck and have fun. Enjoy! [print these questions]
In which of the following activities is friciton harmful?
a) an eraser erasing b) car engine parts wearing out c) brakes stoppping a car d) a person walking
What is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact?
a) motion b) velocity c) acceleration d) friction
Which of these is opposed by statce friction?
a) a worker pushing a non-moving box b) a pencil rolling on a table c) a dog running in a yard d) a chair sliding on a floor
Which would NOT be a way to reduce friction?
a) using ball bearings b) using sandpaper c) pouring sand on ice d) lubricating with oil
Which are the two factors that determine that amound of friction?
a) hills and valleys and the roughness of the surfaces b) the force and how much surfaces come in contact c) the force and the weight exerted on the surfaces d) the force and the roughness of the surfaces
Which of these is opposed by kinetic friction?
a) a box sliding on a floor b) a child leaning on a building c) a book sitting on a table d) a cat standing in a yard
In which of the following activites is friction helpful?
a) soil erosion b) engine parts wearing out c) car tires moving a car forward d) holes developing in your socks
Does the use of sandpaper on a piece of wood demostrate fricton?
a) False b) True c) d)
Is all matter effected by gravity?
a) True b) False c) d)
There are two Newton laws of motion
a) True b) False c) d)
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text:
Porto was the birthplace of Prince Henry the Navigator. Mentor of the Portuguese Discoveries, he was born in 1394. His parents King João I and Princess Philippa, sister of Henry IV of England, were married in the Cathedral. In the atrium of the São Bento railway station, a coloured tile panel depicts them first entering the city. A tablet on a house in Rua da Alfândega, near the river, marks the five hundredth anniversary of their marriage.
Take a seat on an esplanade in the Ribeira district, one of the most picturesque in Porto. It was from here that the first overseas expedition set out for Ceuta in North Africa in 1415. The people of Porto supplied all the meat to feed this armada, and were left with only animal intestines, which they had to eat in order to survive.
This is the origin of "tripas à moda do Porto" ("intestines Porto style"), one of the city's traditional dishes.
In the Church of Misericórdia, you can discover the history of another famous king, Manuel I, and even see what he looked like. There's a fine Flemish picture of the monarch, who continued Prince Henry's work after his death.
Among the magnificent baroque gilded carving that covers the Church of São Francisco, admire the chapel of João Carneiro, built by a family closely linked to the Discoveries. Inside, you'll find another oil painting from this important time in history, depicting Christ's baptism. If you look carefully, you'll see a reference to João Carneiro in the corner of the work.


uploaded imageGive an implementation-level next state table corresponding to the state diagram given above. "Implementation-level" means writing the table in binary instead of using state names (S0, S1, etc.). Note that you have one input variable, W. A transition labeling of "0,1" means input can be 0 or 1. Write the state assignment clearly. Label your table appropriately.
Detailed answers to tough
homework problems


text:
Porter explored the natural world around him and became known for
making pleasing photographs of nature. To accomplish his goals,
he became expert at finding interesting details, such as these luna
moths that blend in with their surroundings (look closely and you
will see two moths in this image). He loved the outdoors and would
spend hours exploring.
- Where would you go to find nature in your community?
- How would you describe nature in your community through close-up photographs?
- Look at the range of greens Porter captures in this photograph. What other colors do you see?
Porter's attention to details of nature, as seen in this image,
helped raise awareness and build support for saving natural places.


text:
Cognitive Pacing Strategy
Experienced distance athletes know how they feel during a race. From having competed in similar distances in the past, they know just how intense such perceptions of effort should be in order to predict exhaustion at the finish. Breathing too hard and experiencing leg-muscle stress in the first kilometer of a 10K race cause runners to conclude that they will not make it at this pace. They consciously slow their velocity. Conversely, being too comfortable in the early phases of a race signals them to speed up.
This traditional model of pacing is rooted in the idea that athletes make cognitive, purposeful decisions regarding running velocity based on previous experience and sensory input. But which cues do they use to make these velocity adjustments?
Exercise scientists measure how athletes feel as their rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Here, athletes report subjective sensations of exercise stress, usually on a numerical scale ranging from 6 to 20. (This is called a Borg scale, with the top number indicating the very highest level of fatigue.) This, then, is an attempt to put an objective measure (a number) to a subjective feeling ("How hard does it feel?"). Using this tool, the goal of researchers has been to identify the physiological (heart and lung function, body temperature), metabolic (blood acidity, lactate levels), and neuromuscular (muscle stress) factors that are most important in signaling the athletes' level of subjective stress during a distance competition. By monitoring all this input, then, competitors figure out how to adjust race velocity to provide their best effort for a particular competition distance.
However, which particular input cues are the most critical in this strategizing are not entirely clear. A whole variety is possible, but despite a good deal of research, physiologists remain pretty much in the dark as to exactly how the athlete senses level of effort. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, and rate and depth of breathing have all been linked to RPE, as have blood-lactate level, availability of blood sugar, body temperature, and blood or muscle pH (acidity). Since all of these factors are in fact altered with increased work intensity, however, it is difficult to determine which, if any, actually cause changes in RPE. (Author's note: An informal survey of running acquaintances would seem to confirm personal experience that the agonizing discomfort of labored breathing is the most prominent signal of stress in a 5K or 10K road race. Does it help to recognize that this gasping indicates that excessive carbon dioxide is building up in your blood during the buffering of lactic acid, which is now flooding out of your muscle cells? Nope. Not at all.)
You might think, too, that external cues, such as where you are in relation to other competitors, could be important. If you, the state cross country champion, are at the back of the pack, your pace is too slow. Split times, which are provided specifically to help competitors regulate velocity, should be expected to be particularly useful in regulating effort in a distance event. But, perhaps surprisingly, this conclusion has not always been supported by research findings.
For instance, Yumna Albertus and her colleagues at the University of Cape Town shamelessly deceived trained cyclists during 20K time trials to see if providing false split times would change their pacing strategy. On the first time trial, the split times were correct, but on the second trial, the first split was actually given at.775 kilometers. This was followed by an increase of 25 meters with each subsequent kilometer until the end, when the split was given at 1.25 kilometers. On a third trial, the fraudulent times were reversed. So, did all this trickery affect the cyclists' pacing strategy? Surprisingly, not at all. There were no differences in finish times among the three trials. RPE values were the same, too. In finding that the pattern of power output was similar during the three trials, the researchers could conclude that the pacing strategy didn't change, either. Their conclusion? Pacing strategy is regulated by intrinsic clues (how an athlete feels), rather than by distance feedback.
Another investigation by Hugh Morton from New Zealand in which subjects were deceived produced different results. In this case, soccer players were asked to cycle to exhaustion (at a set resistance and cadence) on three occasions while facing a large digital clock. They didn't know that the clock was rigged to show the normal time on one occasion, to run 10% slower another time, and to run 10% faster the third. The results: When the clock ran slow, aerobic endurance time averaged 18% higher, compared to the session with normal time. There was no effect on aerobic endurance time, however, with the fast clock.
It was uncertain how to explain all this. The author himself was puzzled, concluding that "the psychological mechanisms behind the findings in this study are unclear." But there does seem to be evidence here that external cues—in this case, the knowledge of time—are important in defining exercise tolerance. One conclusion is sure, though. If you are asked to be a subject in a pacing study, check the administrator's honesty first.
(The parallel to these deception studies in the real world of road racing obviously occurs when split times are erroneous because of inaccurately placed mile markers. This becomes evident when you find you've just passed the first-mile split, having shaved a full three minutes off the world record for this distance.)
This, then, is the customary way that coaches and distance athletes think about pacing. The competitors are in charge. They step up to the starting line, anticipating an average race speed based on previous events. Then, based on an awareness of how they feel, sensory input from the body's physiological state, plus extrinsic cues (split times), they modify their rate of muscular work (pace) during the race. These factors contribute to their optimal overall finishing time for that particular day and set of race conditions.


text:
The Opthalmologic Panel will provide a strong foundation for recognizing and understanding the clinically relevant genetic polymorphisms that impact the recovery of brain injured individuals and the likelihood of future eye conditions. The panel will provide a systematic and easy-to-implement clinical protocol for personalized, precision guided nutritional supplementation that will improve the efficacy of therapeutics and maximize the recovery of each individual patient according to their unique needs.
3 Goals For This Panel:
- Provide a review of the science of Nutrigenomic testing, its' place in a Neuro-Optometric practice and review the biochemistry related to the polymorphic alterations that can affect recovery potential
- Provide a foundational protocol for maximizing recovery of TBI through precision guided nutritional supplementation
- Review methods and timing of precision guided nutritional supplementation


text:
for 1 our before use.
To parts glycerol, were added 40.4 parts of a 58% solution of the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (NaAMPS) (LZ2405A) together with 0.5 parts Pluronic LF64 (BASF), and the solution stirred to ensure uniform mixing. To the solution was added 0.13 parts of solution containing 20 parts of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG600) (product of UCB Chemicals marketed under the trade name designation of Ebacryl 11) in which 6 parts of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (product of Ciba and marketed under the trade name designation of Irgacure 184) had been dissolved. A promised solution of 8 parts butyl acrylate and 15.7 parts N,N-dimethylacrylamide (Kohjin) was added to that reaction mixture and this final solution cured by exposure to UV light as in example 1. Optical phase contrast microscopy showed that resultant gel to have a regularly phase-segregated surface and enhanced adhesion to skin that had previously treated with skin cream (Nivea).


Multiple vulnerabilities found in OpenEMR system
The OpenEMR system is used around the world
Enterprise network security specialists from the International Institute of Cyber Security stated that health records of nearly 100 million patients worldwide were threatened by security problems with a popular system of patient administration.
Almost 30 vulnerabilities were found in the OpenEMR system, by a group of specialists in enterprise network security.
OpenEMR is one of the most widely used patient management systems in the world. The system managers were thankful for the security alert and mentioned that the vulnerabilities have already been patched.
Enterprise network security experts that reported the vulnerabilities found several problems in their investigation over the OpenEMR system. Many of these failures were classified as "critical" and, if exploited, would have given the attackers wide range access to medical records.
Some of the vulnerabilities would have allowed hackers with limited credentials to access sensitive data. OpenEMR is used by many hospitals and other health organizations to manage the information and treatment of their patients. It can also be used to manage hospital billing systems.
In the United States, it is used to store sensitive medical information for more than 30 million people. Worldwide, it is estimated that 100 million of patient files are managed with the OpenEMR system.


text:
Federation of International Mouse Resources
The APF is a founding member of Federation of International Mouse Resources (FIMRe). Through this membership we can provide Australian researchers with access to murine strains worldwide.
The goals of FIMRe are to coordinate repositories and resource centers to:
- archive valuable genetically defined mice and ES cell lines being created worldwide,
- meet research demand for these genetically defined mice and ES cell lines,
- establish consistent, highest quality animal health standards in all resource centers,
- provide genetic verification and quality control for genetic background and mutations,
- provide resource training to enhance user ability to utilize cryopreserved resources.
An article describing FIMRe was published in Mammalian Genetics last April. It can be obtained here.
The web site is still under development and will provide more information in the future.


Who Invented the Beeper
Beeper is a small portable electronic device that emits a beeping sound or signal. It is also referred to as a pager. The signal or sound is emitted when the person carrying the beeper is being paged or contacted by a contact. It was named as beepers as the sound emitted by the instrument resembles a beeping noise. Beepers may also be referred to as buzzer, pc speaker and avalanche transceiver.
It was invented by Al Gross in the year 1949. However, his invention was not approved by US Federal Communications Commission till 1958 for marketing and public use. The patent right was issued later in the year 1958. The inventor also received the patents for his several inventions namely, cordless phones, walkie-talkie and few other portable communication devices.
Who Invented the Beeper Who Invented the Beeper
It is a simple telecommunication device for receiving only short messages. The beeping sound has been replaced with several tones like an audio signal or just vibration. Beepers were developed as one way numeric pager and two way pagers. One way pager can only receive an alpha numeric message and a two way pager can send and receive the messages.
Beepers or pagers were very popular until the existence of mobile phones in the year 1990. The role of beepers has been replaced by mobile devices though a few industries continue to use beepers.
About the Author:
Comments are closed.


Price-Anderson Nuclear Indemnity Act
In 1957, the United States Congress passed the Price-Anderson Nuclear Indemnity Act in an effort to support the spread of nuclear energy. As countless insurance agencies had refused to insure nuclear power plants against potential damages and accidents, the Act established so-called "risk funds"—paid by the nuclear power plant operators—to compensate those affected by nuclear accidents. In 2011, these funds held over 11.6 billion US dollars. The new law established two fundamental provisions: first, an upper limit on the nuclear industry's payments into these "risk funds." Second, the new law demanded that compensation risks were the same every power plant in the country. Critics of the Act argued it was an indirect subsidy of the nuclear industry by taxpayers who were kept in the dark about the actual costs and risks of nuclear energy production, making the search for alternative energy sources more difficult.
Further Readings:
 - Perin, Constance. Shouldering Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.


text:
Simply begin typing or use the editing tools above to add to this article.
Once you are finished and click submit, your modifications will be sent to our editors for review.
use in Native American music
...Native Americans developed lingua francas in order to facilitate trade and social interaction; in these areas, song texts may feature words from a lingua franca. Many Native American songs employ vocables, syllables that do not have referential meaning. These may be used to frame words or may be inserted among them; in some cases, they constitute the entire song text. Vocables are a fixed...
What made you want to look up "vocable"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
Could you tell me exactlly what the difference in the meaning is between thsese?
1.he half fell off the horse.
2.he half dropped from the horse.
3.he get off the horse.
4.he dismount the horse.
About specially about number1,I reallu confused and cant understand what it means????
Could you tell me if these are the answers or no?
It's the manner in which he got down from the horse.
1. Very clumsily
2. With some intent
3. He knew what he was doing
4. He was an experienced rider


Common Name: Greyrummped Tree swift
Scientific Name: Hemiprocne longipennis
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Hemiprocnedae
Genus: Hemiprocne
Species: H. longipennis
The Greyrummped Tree Swift grows to be 5.8-11.5 in. or 15-30 cm long/wide. The back feathers of this bird are a dark brown with blue and green. The underbelly is more of a blue/grey. Their habitats are in lowland forests,(you wouldn't find them in the mountains), river edges, open grassland, croplands, and savannahs.
They would need trees for nesting and rests because their small foot does not allow them to grip large branches. Some characteristics of the Hemiprocne longipennis are their long narrow wings shaped as a boomerang, and their deeply forked tail. Also their harsh chatters and screams.
These birds are found in countries Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and are vagrant in the Philippians. There are more than 200,000 birds of this species. This species in not going extinct, but growing.
These birds hunt for insects of all kind and possibly spiders. Usually hunting at dawn and dusk to beat the "crowd". They compete with other birds there size, such as finches and other swifts.
They breed in March. Their nest hugs the egg and barely holds it. It is attached to the side of a branch. The nest is made of twigs, grass, moss, their own feathers, and the birds saliva to hold it together. Both sexes help incubate the egg by covering the egg with the pad of its claw, NOT by sitting on it. Their eggs are small, brown, and speckled. They nest in fairly high trees up to 13 to 60 feet of the ground. The female can only lay one egg at a time, but can mate many times.
I have learned about their nesting habits, such as not sitting on the egg, habitats for where they must be around and even what time they feed. I now know that this species is far from going extinct and their population may even grow. I have also learned these birds are fairly small, but cover a large range.
Author: Kristen M.
Published: 3/2010
_URL_ – Febuary/18/2010
WWW.Wikapedia_HemmiprocneLongapennis.com –Febuary/10/2010
Picture credit: _URL_ –Febuary/18/2010


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Crown of Thorns cactus
have had the plant for years always have trouble getting it to bloom now the plant has yellow spots all over all the leaves. It is almost 4 ft. tall. What is wrong. ( I have 8 more cr. of thorns but they all have smaller leaves, this one has large leaves0 what is the difference?
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Newer cultivators have larger leaves then older varieties.
Crown of Thorns are susceptible to fungus issues. You can use a fungicide on the plants.
Bacterial leaf spot can also be found on these plants. The disease is characterized by circular gray to brown leaf
spots surrounded by distinct yellow halos. The infected leaves often turn
yellow and fall off the plants. Leafs should be removed from the plant and disposed of. Make sure the plants have adequate air circulation.
Avoid getting water on the leaves and stems.


text:
() 2.() 4.?? 7. 8. 9. 10.n 11.N () () 14. 15. +- () 18.
each DNA ends with a tail which carry no information: it was considered to be simply junk, until was discovered that it becomes shorter with each dividing of cells, and when this tail finishes, cells divide no more and the person dies. So, reducing calory intake by one quarter, shortening of this tale slows down, it means, the life span of person becames longer. But it is not possible, because after some time a person becomes too weak. But further experiments proved that same result can be achieved by fasting for 1,5 day once or twice a month


text: What distinguishes the World Bank from commercial banks and bilateral aid agencies is its wealth of development knowledge gained through economic and social development projects in the world. However, notwithstanding the efforts of the knowledge centers in consolidating information from the staff, much of the available development information is currently scattered across numerous documents and reports. To retrieve a desired piece of information, the current Knowledge Management System provides users with a powerful Web-based full-text search engine that allows them to perform a key-word search. A problem with the key-word search is that the users should be able to articulate exactly what they want. In addition, as the amount of available information increases, the searches would invariably lead to retrieval of more and more documents and one may need to perform many searches. This paper outlines a case-based approach to enhance the current system and raise its operational impact. This approach establishes a unified framework to represent the development knowledge and provides a better search and browsing mechanism to retrieve relevant and useful information.


Contents Page-10 Prev Next Page+10 Index
Executing Reverse Polish
RPN is easily executed by a stack machine:
 1. Operands are pushed onto the stack.
 2. When an operator is encountered, the appropriate number of operands is popped from the stack and the operator is applied to them. The result is pushed onto the stack.
 3. When the end of the input expression is reached, the result is the top of the stack.
HP makes a line of pocket calculators that use RPN.


47.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins
An example output plugin can be found in the contrib/test_decoding subdirectory of the PostgreSQL source tree.
47.6.1. Initialization Function
An output plugin is loaded by dynamically loading a shared library with the output plugin's name as the library base name. The normal library search path is used to locate the library. To provide the required output plugin callbacks and to indicate that the library is actually an output plugin it needs to provide a function named _PG_output_plugin_init. This function is passed a struct that needs to be filled with the callback function pointers for individual actions.
typedef struct OutputPluginCallbacks
 LogicalDecodeStartupCB startup_cb;
 LogicalDecodeBeginCB begin_cb;
 LogicalDecodeChangeCB change_cb;
 LogicalDecodeCommitCB commit_cb;
 LogicalDecodeMessageCB message_cb;
 LogicalDecodeFilterByOriginCB filter_by_origin_cb;
 LogicalDecodeShutdownCB shutdown_cb;
} OutputPluginCallbacks;
typedef void (*LogicalOutputPluginInit)(struct OutputPluginCallbacks *cb);
The begin_cb, change_cb and commit_cb callbacks are required, while startup_cb, filter_by_origin_cb and shutdown_cb are optional.
47.6.2. Capabilities
To decode, format and output changes, output plugins can use most of the backend's normal infrastructure, including calling output functions. Read only access to relations is permitted as long as only relations are accessed that either have been created by initdb in the pg_catalog schema, or have been marked as user provided catalog tables using
ALTER TABLE user_catalog_table SET (user_catalog_table = true);
CREATE TABLE another_catalog_table(data text) WITH (user_catalog_table = true);
Any actions leading to transaction ID assignment are prohibited. That, among others, includes writing to tables, performing DDL changes, and calling txid_current().
47.6.3. Output Modes
Output plugin callbacks can pass data to the consumer in nearly arbitrary formats. For some use cases, like viewing the changes via SQL, returning data in a data type that can contain arbitrary data (e.g., bytea) is cumbersome. If the output plugin only outputs textual data in the server's encoding, it can declare that by setting OutputPluginOptions.output_mode to OUTPUT_PLUGIN_TEXTUAL_OUTPUT instead of OUTPUT_PLUGIN_BINARY_OUTPUT in the startup callback. In that case, all the data has to be in the server's encoding so that a text datum can contain it. This is checked in assertion-enabled builds.
47.6.4. Output Plugin Callbacks
An output plugin gets notified about changes that are happening via various callbacks it needs to provide.
Concurrent transactions are decoded in commit order, and only changes belonging to a specific transaction are decoded between the begin and commit callbacks. Transactions that were rolled back explicitly or implicitly never get decoded. Successful savepoints are folded into the transaction containing them in the order they were executed within that transaction.
Note: Only transactions that have already safely been flushed to disk will be decoded. That can lead to a COMMIT not immediately being decoded in a directly following pg_logical_slot_get_changes() when synchronous_commit is set to off. Startup Callback
The optional startup_cb callback is called whenever a replication slot is created or asked to stream changes, independent of the number of changes that are ready to be put out.
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeStartupCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
 OutputPluginOptions *options,
 bool is_init
The is_init parameter will be true when the replication slot is being created and false otherwise. options points to a struct of options that output plugins can set:
typedef struct OutputPluginOptions
 OutputPluginOutputType output_type;
} OutputPluginOptions;
output_type has to either be set to OUTPUT_PLUGIN_TEXTUAL_OUTPUT or OUTPUT_PLUGIN_BINARY_OUTPUT. See also Section 47.6.3.
The startup callback should validate the options present in ctx->output_plugin_options. If the output plugin needs to have a state, it can use ctx->output_plugin_private to store it. Shutdown Callback
The optional shutdown_cb callback is called whenever a formerly active replication slot is not used anymore and can be used to deallocate resources private to the output plugin. The slot isn't necessarily being dropped, streaming is just being stopped.
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeShutdownCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx
); Transaction Begin Callback
The required begin_cb callback is called whenever a start of a committed transaction has been decoded. Aborted transactions and their contents never get decoded.
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeBeginCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *,
 ReorderBufferTXN *txn
The txn parameter contains meta information about the transaction, like the time stamp at which it has been committed and its XID. Transaction End Callback
The required commit_cb callback is called whenever a transaction commit has been decoded. The change_cb callbacks for all modified rows will have been called before this, if there have been any modified rows.
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeCommitCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *,
 ReorderBufferTXN *txn
); Change Callback
The required change_cb callback is called for every individual row modification inside a transaction, may it be an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. Even if the original command modified several rows at once the callback will be called individually for each row.
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeChangeCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
 ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 Relation relation,
 ReorderBufferChange *change
The ctx and txn parameters have the same contents as for the begin_cb and commit_cb callbacks, but additionally the relation descriptor relation points to the relation the row belongs to and a struct change describing the row modification are passed in.
Note: Only changes in user defined tables that are not unlogged (see UNLOGGED) and not temporary (see TEMPORARY or TEMP) can be extracted using logical decoding. Origin Filter Callback
The optional filter_by_origin_cb callback is called to determine whether data that has been replayed from origin_id is of interest to the output plugin.
typedef bool (*LogicalDecodeFilterByOriginCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
 RepNodeId origin_id
The ctx parameter has the same contents as for the other callbacks. No information but the origin is available. To signal that changes originating on the passed in node are irrelevant, return true, causing them to be filtered away; false otherwise. The other callbacks will not be called for transactions and changes that have been filtered away.
This is useful when implementing cascading or multidirectional replication solutions. Filtering by the origin allows to prevent replicating the same changes back and forth in such setups. While transactions and changes also carry information about the origin, filtering via this callback is noticeably more efficient. Generic Message Callback
The optional message_cb callback is called whenever a logical decoding message has been decoded.
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeMessageCB) (
 struct LogicalDecodingContext *,
 ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 XLogRecPtr message_lsn,
 bool transactional,
 const char *prefix,
 Size message_size,
 const char *message
The txn parameter contains meta information about the transaction, like the time stamp at which it has been committed and its XID. Note however that it can be NULL when the message is non-transactional and the XID was not assigned yet in the transaction which logged the message. The lsn has WAL position of the message. The transactional says if the message was sent as transactional or not. The prefix is arbitrary null-terminated prefix which can be used for identifying interesting messages for the current plugin. And finally the message parameter holds the actual message of message_size size.
Extra care should be taken to ensure that the prefix the output plugin considers interesting is unique. Using name of the extension or the output plugin itself is often a good choice.
47.6.5. Functions for Producing Output
To actually produce output, output plugins can write data to the StringInfo output buffer in ctx->out when inside the begin_cb, commit_cb, or change_cb callbacks. Before writing to the output buffer, OutputPluginPrepareWrite(ctx, last_write) has to be called, and after finishing writing to the buffer, OutputPluginWrite(ctx, last_write) has to be called to perform the write. The last_write indicates whether a particular write was the callback's last write.
The following example shows how to output data to the consumer of an output plugin:
OutputPluginPrepareWrite(ctx, true);
appendStringInfo(ctx->out, "BEGIN %u", txn->xid);
OutputPluginWrite(ctx, true);
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text:
Energy can be made, or generated, using solids, gas or liquids as its source of power. So how do you use energy? Energy can be generated to produce light, heat or the movement of objects. In this experiment, we explore how to get power from water, or hydropower, which can be used to pick up household objects.
Hydropower is mechanical energy that is generated by using the motion of water caused by gravity. Hydropower is one of the oldest forms of energy and has been used by humans since 4000 BC! By learning how to make a water wheel with a handful of household materials, we too can harness, or capture, different amounts of water to generate our own power.
How can hydropower be used to lift an object?
- 2-liter plastic soda bottle
- Craft knife (have an adult help you use it)
- 2 corks
- 1 wooden barbeque skewer
- Sewing thread (16 inches)
- Small objects to lift (small fishing sinker, an eraser)
- Duct Tape
- Large Funnel
- Paper clips
- Using your marker and ruler, measure and mark a few dots 6 cm up from the bottom of the bottle. Connect your dots and have an adult help you cut off the bottom using the craft knife.
- Measure an 8cm section from the cut part of the bottle. Cut out this section so that you have a cylindrical section of plastic.
- Cut four 2 cm-wide strips from the 8cm section with your scissors. Cut these strips in half so you are left with eight curved strips that measure 4 cm by 2 cm.
- Draw 8 evenly spaced lines lengthwise on the cork, and make slits along each line with your hobby knife. Making sure that the plastic pieces all curve in the same direction, slide each 4 cm by 2 cm plastic piece into its own slit. Why do you think it's important that the strips all curve in the same direction?
- Unfold two paperclips and flex one end of each to create a small loop. These paperclips will act as supports for the water wheel's axle.
- Affix your supports on opposite sides of your plastic funnel using your duct tape.
- Cut the skewer in half and poke each half into one side of the wheel cork. Guide each end through a loop on your paper clip support. Make sure your paper clip's loops are loose enough to allow the wheel to turn freely.
- Insert one of the skewers into the other cork and tie thread tightly around it. Tie the loose end of the thread to a weight or other small household object.
- Place your completed water wheel under a gentle stream of water in your sink. Slowly run water over the wheel so that the plastic pieces on the cork catch the falling water and turn it into mechanical energy.
Extra: Water has potential energy due to its position above the ground. The higher above the ground the water is, the more potential energy it has. Can you convert more of this potential energy into mechanical energy? Try making several water wheels and daisy-chaining them together! When water exits one water wheel, it can pass through another, and so on.
The wheel spins and produces enough mechanical energy to elevate small items tied to the end of the thread.
You just generated hydropower using the water from your faucet! Gravity pulls water down toward the earth, and the weight of the water exerts torque (a rotational force) on the water wheel. This torque provides enough energy to turn the skewer, allowing you to raise items attached to the other cork. Did you notice that more water pressure was needed to lift heavier objects? More energy is needed to lift heavy items than lighter ones, and by increasing the flow of water you generated more power.
Hydropower is still used as a source of electricity in the United States. Using the same concepts from your experiment, water wheels capture the force of powerful rivers, converting it into electricity and sending it into the electrical grid. Hydropower is an example of renewable energy, energy that can be continually replenished. What other renewable energy projects for kids can you find?


text:
Exfoliation in Coquihalla Valley
April 22, 2003
The photo above show a classic example of exfoliation. The u-shaped Coquihalla valley in British Columbia, Canada was carved by glaciers tens of thousands of years ago. As the overlying glacial material was removed, the rocks that had formed underneath the massive ice-sheet "rose up" (isostacy) and tried to expand. Isostacy is also known as "glacial rebound." Rocks, of course, aren't very flexible so instead of expanding, their outer layers are peeling off like onion skins -- the process of exfoliation.


18. Creus de Mas Ventós
Discovery: These insculptures are not recorded in any official inventory, but they are more known due to its easy access. They are located on the picnic area of Mas Ventós. There are several engraved stone groups.
Location and environment: A group of insculptures found on a bench next to Mas Ventós. Another group is situated on some stones in the middle of the picnic area, near the pond.
Appearance: Several schist stones, some bonded to the output and others separated from it. The insculpture is shallow, made by percussion with a stone tool. There are numerous motifs: lone cup marks, cup marks with grooves, and a lot of cruciform shapes.
Building era: An approximate chronology contemporary to the closest dolmens.


text:
Polluted legacy: Repairing Britain's damaged landscapes
The Industrial Revolution, which made Britain the powerhouse of the world in the 19th Century, may have been consigned to the history books but it has left a legacy of environmental problems.
Experts warn it continues to pollute drinking water, poison rivers and threaten flooding and in the process it fuels climate change and affects huge swathes of the modern landscape.
The mining of lead, tin and other metals is thought to have contaminated nearly 2,000 miles of waterways. Estimated repair costs run into the hundreds of millions.
Dr Hugh Potter, a mine pollution specialist for the Environment Agency, said: "The metals are going to continue to come out of these mines and spoil heaps for hundreds of years without any significant lowering of the impact.
"So unless we do something about it, it will have an impact for a very long time."
But recent attempts to undo some of this, and other examples of historical damage, have made notable headway.
Fresh research into mine pollution is being carried out, and last year a major project to clean up more than a century of colliery waste in County Durham won international recognition.
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_USER_ {Gerber:1954-08-01T00:00:00:0003-7028:120, author = "Gerber, W. O. and Tobin, W. H.", title = "A Spectrochemical Method for the Analysis of M-252 Nickel Base High Temperature Alloy and the Preparation of Standards by Powder Metallurgy", journal = "Applied Spectroscopy", volume = "8", number = "3", year = "1954-08-01T00:00:00", abstract = "M-252 nickel base high temperature alloy is completely analyzed by instruments at the general Electric River Works. Molybdenum, cobalt, iron, and chromium are determined by X-ray fluorescence; titanium, aluminum, manganese, and silicon by ultraviolet emission spectroscopy and carbon by the high frequency induction furnace. The remainder, nickel, is calculated by difference.", pages = "120-125", url = "_URL_ doi = "doi:10.1366/000370254774634549" }


2.3 Constraints
In JaCoP, there are three major types of constraints:
Primitive constraints and global constraints can be imposed using impose method, while decomposable constraints are imposed using imposeDecomposition method. An example that imposes a primitive constraint XneqY is defined below. Again, in order to impose a constraint a store object must be available.
 store.impose( new XeqY(x1, x2));
Alternatively, one can define first a constraint and then impose it, as shown below.
 PrimitiveConstraint c = new XeqY(x1, x2);
Both methods are equivalent.
The methods impose(constraint) and constraint.impose(store) often create additional data structures within the constraint store as well as constraint itself. Do note that constraint imposition does not involve checking if the constraint is consistent. Both methods of constraint imposition does not check whether the store remains consistent. If checking consistency is needed, the method imposeWithConsistency(constraint) should be used instead. This method throws FailException if the store is inconsistent. Note, that similar functionality can be achieved by calling the procedure store.consistency() explicitly (see section 2.4).
Constraints can have another constraints as their arguments. For example, reified constraints of the form X = Y B can be defined in JaCoP as follows.
 IntVar x = new IntVar(store, "X", 1, 100);
 IntVar y = new IntVar(store, "Y", 1, 100);
 IntVar b = new IntVar(store, "B", 0, 1);
 store.impose( new Refified( new XeqY(x, y), b));
In a similar way disjunctive constraints can be imposed. For example, the disjunction of three constraints can be defined as follows.
 PrimitiveConstraint[] c = {c1, c2, c3};
 store.impose( new Or(c) );
 ArrayList c =
 new ArrayList();
 c.add(c1); c.add(c2); c.add(c3);
 store.impose( new Or(c) );
Note, that disjunction and other similar constraints accept only primitive constraints as parameters.


text:
According to federal law, a communication with a legislator or government official is considered lobbying if and only if:
- Refers to specific legislation or rules and;
- Expresses a position on such legislation
- It is not lobbying to talk to a legislator about the health impact of a specific piece of legislation, as long as you don't state a specific view on that legislation.
- It is not lobbying to discuss your position on a policy issue or issues with a legislator as long as the discussion is not about a specific bill or proposed rule.
Further, Wisconsin rules consider direct communication on more than 4 days in a six month period with a legislator who are not your own representative to be reportable for lobbying purposes. For more information, please see this resource from the Government Accountability Board, When to Register as a Lobbyist.
According to federal law, indirect attempts to communicate with and influence legislators would be considered grassroots lobbying if the communication:
- Refers to specific legislation, and;
- Encourages other people to express a view on the legislation to their elected officials
- Asking volunteers to call their legislators and ask them to support or oppose part of the state budget is grassroots lobbying.
- Writing a letter to the editor or newsletter column telling readers to contact legislators and ask them to support or oppose specific legislation is grassroots lobbying.
- Sending an email to coalition members to tell them that particular bill has been introduced is NOT grassroots lobbying, as long as you do not tell them to take any action on that bill.
Activities That Are Not Lobbying
- Meeting with a legislator to discuss an issue, without mentioning a specific proposal.
- Providing a legislator with educational materials about a specific piece of legislation, without calling for specific action on the legislation.
- Tracking activities of legislators, including votes, positions taken, contributions accepted, etc.
- Talking to the media, as long as it doesn't express a view on specific legislation.
- Advocating for better enforcement of existing laws.
- Conducting public education campaigns.
- Producing and disseminating research reports or studies that provide nonpartisan analysis on policy issues, including specific legislative issues.
- Advocating the enactment and enforcement of private or voluntary policies, (e.g., property managers making multi-unit housing smoke-free).
- A newsletter to your own members providing info about a specific piece of legislation, but not a specific call to action (e.g., a request to call or write to legislators).
- Transporting and feeding volunteers who will provide educational/non-lobbying testimony to a legislative committee, such as Joint Finance Committee.


text:
Legend has it that the name came from the red color of water that got into the river when the Red River flooded. It sounds plausible. Levees now keep the Red from flowing into the Vermilion, but in earlier times the two were connected through a series of waterways.
But that's not the only theory about how the river got its name.
According to a 1976 article by Albert Gaude, who was then curator of natural science at the Lafayette Natural History Museum and Planetarium, there are three major theories about the name.
According to the first one, settlers who came up Bayou Vermilion saw Red River soil deposits on either side of the bayou as far downstream as the community of Long Bridge (where the Breaux Bridge highway crosses the Vermilion Bayou).
This soil ranges from a brown to a bright red color, especially when it is wet. As the color vermilion is defined as "a vivid red to reddish orange," Gaude says "it would seem apt for the early discoverers to name this stream for its brightly colored banks."
He notes that the early spelling of the river's name was Vermillion, as it would be spelled in French, but that the English spelling, Vermilion, was later adopted.
In some Spanish documents the stream is called Rio Bermellon, and it is described as running from the "pubelo of St. Landri' through "atacapas country" down to the Bahia de Bermellon (Vermilion Bay).
A second theory for the river's name concerns the tiny Azolla caroliniana fern, sometimes called mosquito fern, which grows on the surface of sluggish streams in the South.
Under a canopy of trees, it can form dense sheets of vegetation that cover the surface of the stream, but, Gaude notes, "when the sun's rays reach the surface of the water with full intensity, these dense green mats turn to a uniform 'autumnal red' color." These sheets can be regularly seen along several stretches of the river.
The last theory involves the Attakapas, probably the earliest settlers of the area, who sometimes used a reddish ochre as body paint.
But when Europeans came to the area, they brought a new powder called "Vermilion" which was made from cinnabar and was a much-brighter red. They traded this powder with the Attakapas in exchange for furs and other goods.
Gaude suggests that the river could have gotten its name because of the unusually heavy trading in the red powder.
We know that there were several Attakapas villages on the river that might have provided fertile trading ground.
You can contact Jim Bradshaw at _EMAIL_ or P.O. Box 1121, Washington LA 70589.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Melanin is a natural pigment that is categorized into two main forms, eumelanin and pheomelanin. It's well documented in the science literature that increased eumelanin levels reduces the risk of developing skin cancer, whereas it was recently reported in Nature that pheomelanin may itself be carcinogenic. So my question is:
Does pheomelanin have a useful biological function?
share|improve this question
Can you point to some references that show the UK population has higher pheomelanin? – leonardo Nov 2 '12 at 21:45
_USER_ not at the moment, so I've removed this statement from the question. But going by my observations, there's a greater variety of redheads and blondes here compared to regions near the equator such as Africa and Asia, so I'm assuming it's down to the higher levels of pheomelanin, lower levels of eumelanin. There is also the standard skin colour map: grida.no/graphicslib/detail/… – Larry Harson Nov 2 '12 at 23:03
You seem to have forgotten to cite the paper you mention. – terdon Nov 2 '12 at 23:40
How do you increase the amount of EUMELANIN but not PHEOMELANIN? Do we know if this is currently been looked at by scientists? – Liam May 7 '14 at 9:04
4 Answers 4
I don't think that the role of pheomelanin is known yet. To produce larger amounts of it, you need mainly two conditions: A weak (or absent) MC1R signalling and the availibility of the amino acid cysteine. If MC1R signalling is strong, the preferred way goes into the direction of eumelanin. Its known for quite a while that pheomelanin produces reactive oxygen species which either directly cause DNA damage or do it indirectly by using up the cells storage of antioxidants. You can find more details in this review as well as links to a number of original papers.
share|improve this answer
My understanding has been that it aids in sun absorption in the skin, specifically in low sunlight/overcast areas. I don't have source on hand, but that may steer you in the direction you are looking for.
Also, consider that that pheomelanin, red hair specifically, may encourage breeding success, depending on where you are.
share|improve this answer
That's my guess as well, but I can't find any references. Are you a redhead? – Larry Harson Jan 13 '13 at 19:49
I'm not a red head, but if you need a source. I found an article with citations. 38 Red Hair and Redhead Facts The article may lead you to some appropriate sources, and I'll post anything I come across. – nobrandheroes Jan 15 '13 at 4:51
I don't think that any use has been discovered yet for pheomelanin. I can't find sources about the claim that it increases UV absorption so I guess we can't say that yet.
I would simply guess that it's not harmful enough to warrant elimination via natural selection (in places where people are less exposed to UV, that is), and may, in certain societies, have increased sexual fitness. However even this is hard to tell, because historically red hair has been considered both an identitarian, desirable feature (as for Gauls during Roman times who would even bleach their hair with limewater to obtain reddish-blond hair) and abhorrent and cause for discrimination.
Vestiges and by-products of useful mutations may accumulate endlessly if their impact on overall fitness is marginal. In this case the useful effect would be the inhibition of eumelanin the skin, which is desirable in low lit/cold climates. This may in turn cause greater pheomelanin production and allows the normally concealed pheomelanic phenotype to show.
share|improve this answer
Pheomelanin has it normal function in transforming radiant heat to energy but can't protect its host from ultra violet rays from the sun as UV will destroy melanin cells.
share|improve this answer
ahh, interesting! Do you have a reference for this? – Larry Harson May 6 '13 at 14:44
Your Answer


[Numpy-discussion] NumPy Histogram for Tentative NumPy Tutorial Questions
Wayne Watson sierra_mtnview@sbcglobal....
Thu Nov 26 13:44:47 CST 2009
I decided to try some example code from Subject.
import numpy
import pylab
# Build a vector of 10000 normal deviates with variance 0.5^2 and mean 2
mu, sigma = 2, 0.5
v = numpy.random.normal(mu,sigma,10000)
# Plot a normalized histogram with 50 bins
pylab.hist(v, bins=50, normed=1) # matplotlib version (plot)
# Compute the histogram with numpy and then plot it
(n, bins) = numpy.histogram(v, bins=50, normed=1) # NumPy version (no plot)
pylab.plot(.5*(bins[1:]+bins[:-1]), n)
After the histogram is displayed how do I get to the plot?
Where is histogram described in some detail? Normalized?
The histogram x-axis goes from 0 to 4.5. How does that happen?
Is v is two dimensional? What if it's one dimensional?
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 The major event has passed, but keep the number alive.
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2. Technical Lead adds it to his list of things to follow up on
 3. Developer asks Technical Lead about length of caching of a domain object
 4. Technical Lead looks at his list and tells the developer that he is tracking down the answer.
 5. Technical Lead finds out about cache expiration of said domain object, crosses off the task, and let's the developer know
 6. Technical Lead gains developers trust that said technical lead will follow through when given a task
An example situation (without a task list):
 2. Time passes
 4. Goto 2


Hispanic, Latino, Latina, Latinx, Afro-Latinx – What Should I Say? [infographic]
Cardinal Innovations Healthcare — September 24, 2020 — 2 min read
These terms are commonly used interchangeably to address the Hispanic community. Below you will learn what each of these terms means and how you can best apply them, depending on the situation.
Hispanic and Latino are used interchangeably, however:
Refers to those who speak Spanish or those who are descended from Spanish-speaking countries.
Refers to the people from Latin America. Think geography, not language. Not everyone in Latin America speaks Spanish.
Spanish is a romance language, meaning it derives from Latin, and words in Spanish are considered either masculine or feminine.
Uses the A at the end to refer to women.
Uses the O at the end to refer to men, or a group of men and women.
Is a gender-neutral term to refer to someone of Latin American descent.
Unlike "Latino" or "Latina," the term Latinx does not refer to any specific gender.
The word has been included in English dictionaries such Oxford and Cambridge but not in the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE).
Latinx is mostly used in the United States.
Afro-Latino or Afro-Latinx
Refers to people from Latin American countries with African ancestry, or Black Latinos.
Chicano or Chicana
Is a chosen identity for people of Mexican descent born in the United States.
In addition to these terms, many people prefer to identify themselves by their country of origin. For example: Cuban, Mexican, Colombian, Peruvian.
What to Say Infographic
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by SunGard Alternative Investments
> View this now
Published on: August 19, 2010
Type of content: WHITE PAPER
Length: 12 pages
The intensity of the 2005 hurricane season was unprecedented— with storms hitting at more than twice the frequency and severity of typical seasons. The normal seasonal average is 10 named storms, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes, according to the National Hurricane Center. But from the beginning of June to the end of November, there were 27 named storms—surpassing the record of 21 set in 1933.
But even in the midst of this torrent of destructive storms - no one could have prepared the country for the wrath that Hurricane Katrina unleashed on the Gulf Coast of the United States.
Why were businesses not more prepared to recover quickly and continue operating in the face of this disaster? Why did they not have plans in place to account for and protect employees and their families, keeping them safe and productive? Read this whitepaper to find out how a comprehensive disaster recovery plan could have helped.


One Easy Way to Discover a People Group Community
So your church wants to reach people groups in your community. Or, maybe you had never considered it before you saw this article scroll by in your news feed.
Whatever the case, the Peoples Next Door project exists to help churches figure out how to discover and engage people groups. Truthfully, it is not as hard as you might think. I recently posted an article on a simple method of people group discovery using Google forms to gather information on your community. That posts walks through the nuts and bolts of collecting data. Today, we are going to talk about interpreting that data so that you can find people group communities.
Gather Points of Interest
When collecting information on your community, the simplest method for finding people groups is to look for points of interest. A point of interest is any establishment that can be positively connected to a particular group of people. It may be a restaurant, a temple, a mosque, or a market, but it will cater to a specific affinity of people most often based on nationality or language.
For instance, in the area where my church is located, we have a dozen African hair braiding salons. Almost every one of them is owned and operated by a lady from West Africa, and a great number of their clients are from there too. Alongside these salons are Halal meat markets, international grocery stores, and even a few mosques in our area that all cater to peoples from West Africa.
Use the method discussed two weeks ago. Collecting these points in a simple Google form and plotting them on Google Maps provides a visual representation of your community based on points of interest for different nationalities. Now, the trick is knowing how to read it.
Close Proximity + Diverse Establishment Types = People Group Community
Admittedly, this is not true every, single time, but it is a good rule of thumb when trying to look over information you gather. The easiest way to find a particular people group community, whether it is West African Muslims or South Asian Hindus, is by looking for places on the map where points of interest cluster.
When you find several places that are in close proximity, that is the first clue that an area of town is a gathering place for a particular group of people. This becomes even clearer if there is a diversity in the types of establishments. For instance, if I find a section of town that has five points of interest, but they are all hair braiding salons, I may have simply found the place where West African women come to get their hair done. However, if I find a cluster of points and they are all different types (a salon, a market, a restaurant, a mosque, and a fabric store), then the odds are much higher that I have found a place close to where a community lives. Think about it; when you find a cluster of places that cover all the communities needs, there is a good chance that community is nearby. That is most likely why all of those establishments are located there.
Now, all cities are different, and there is a chance people group communities cannot cluster as easily where you live. Some cities make it easy for groups to live in the same apartment complexes and areas of the city. Other cities are more dispersed and the community is hard to locate. This can be determined by gathering information on these points and then looking for those clusters. Generally speaking, people of like kind will live as close together as possible.
Points of Interest Make Good Third Places
Third places are important to ministry, and your church needs to get out more and visit them. After gathering information on your community through people group discovery, you should have an automatic list of third places to engage that group. As you fill out the online form, not only does it populate the map for you to visualize your community, it builds that handy spreadsheet of locations. Some of these locations will make an excellent entryway into a particular people group community.
Perhaps you uncover a small, international market where people from your church can begin buying their rice and unique spices. Maybe people group discovery will turn up a quaint Ethiopian coffee shop, or a Turkish restaurant. Have your church members become regulars, because these points make great third places to begin people group engagement.
Not sure what to say or do? Download the free step-by-step strategy guide on the resources page to get your church started in the process of finding and reaching the people groups around you with the gospel.
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The Scarlett Letter and Their Eyes Were Watching God compare and contrast
The first 200 words of this essay...
English 1HL, Period 1
25 January 2008
Comparing and Contrasting the Use of Symbols to Embrace Thematic Ideals of Female Oppression in The Scarlet Letter and Their Eyes Were Watching God
English novelist, Virginia Woolf once said "The history of men's opposition to women's emancipation is more interesting perhaps than the story of that emancipation itself. Within Hawthorne's The Scarlett Letter and Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Woolf's statement is truly evident. As a whole, both novels have a central focus of the oppression of women in society. Both novels contain the central theme of female oppression manifested throughout the whole novel. Throughout Hurston's, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter, both authors employ the use of symbols to embrace the thematic ideal of female oppression.
In the two novels, hair, and the confinement of that hair effectively acts as symbols of female oppression. At the beginning of the novel as Hester descends down the path of judgmental woman, the author makes an observation about the "dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam.
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