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Visiting Applications and Rules for Visiting a Georgia Inmate
Without knowing what to expect, many people are often too intimidated or discouraged to pursue visiting their friend or loved one. Many people shy away from visiting their inmate simply because the process can be overwhelming. Let us help you get through the process. The most common problem when it comes to visiting an inmate, is people don't know where to start. That is why we have assembled answers to the most frequently asked questions and created this general guide to visiting an inmate in Georgia. Here is what you need to know:
- During the initial classification and diagnostic procedure, inmates will not be allowed to have visitors. This process is usually completed fairly quickly, but at times can take over 60 days. If it the diagnostic process goes over 60 days the inmate will be allowed to complete a visitors list of immediate family members.
- Immediate family members are defined as parents, children, spouse, brothers or sisters, grandparents, and grandchildren.
- The offender must contact their counselor and complete a visitation list form. In order to complete this form, the inmate will need to know the full name, address, and date of birth of the visitor.
- If you are not an immediate family member as defined above the inmate will need to complete a significant relationship visitor application form (a sample of the form is found here).
- A visitors list can only be established when the inmate first arrives at their permanent facility. After this, inmates can only update their visiting list in May and November.
- If you are traveling from out of state, or only one time you may qualify as a "special visit". Special visits must be submitted at least 48 hours in advance and require the Warden/Superintendent's approval. People who often qualify for a special visit are members of the military who are visiting while on personal leave, clergy, family members with disabilities that require a third party to drive them to visitation, and anyone traveling a long distance out-of-state. Special visits can have no more than two visitors during the visit.
- Regular visitation occurs on Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays.
- The duration of the visit will depend on how crowded the facility is, and other factors that may arise.
- Anyone 16 years or older must provide a valid state or government issued photo ID.
- Generally, no items other than your ID, a single car key, and a maximum of $20 in coins can come with you into the facility. All other items, cell phones, radios, cameras etc. are not allowed to come with you.
- If you are traveling with a small child/baby you may be allowed to bring other items such as a single clear plastic baby bottle, diaper, and sealed formula. You will need to contact the individual institution for more specific information.
- Minors or anyone under the age of 16 must bring a birth certificate with them to visitation, and be accompanied by a parent or guardian who is also on the visiting list for the inmate.
- All visitors will be searched and must pass through a metal detector. Your car may also be searched once it is on the property of the institution.
When visiting an inmate in Georgia, some additional information you may want to know is:
- You should arrive at the facility at least 30 minutes prior to the visitation period to ensure you have enough time to park and go through visitor registration and processing procedures.
- Non-contact visitation is conducted behind a window, or partition that keeps you physically separate from the inmate.
- Contact visits allow a brief hug and a kiss at the beginning and end of each visit.
- Tobacco-related products are not allowed in visitation, all facilities are smoke-free.
- If you leave the visiting room you may not be allowed to reenter, so use the bathroom in the lobby before entering into visitation.
Dress Code/Contact Rules for Visitors of Georgia Inmates
It is important to know there is a dress code and contact rules that must be followed when you are visiting an inmate in Georgia. The code is strictly enforced by the staff, so be sure you read over and follow all of the following:
- All visitors must wear shoes at all times (excludes babies).
- Men who are visiting must wear a shirt and full-length pants.
- Women may wear full-length pants, dress or skirt, but it must not be more than two inches above the knee.
- All men and women who are visiting must wear underwear, including bras, and panties.
- Some visitors have reported that certain facilities require a collared shirt to be worn by visitors.
- No one over 12 years old may wear shorts.
- No clothing may be sheer or see-through or made of net or mesh webbing.
- Tube tops, tank tops, halter tops, spandex, leggings, any dresses or tops with thin straps that expose the shoulders, chest/cleavage, back, or midriff is also prohibited.
- Clothing that contains offensive language or images may not be worn.
- Uniforms, such as military fatigues, nurse, doctor, or any clothing that resembles what the inmates are wearing is not allowed.


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In this game you take care of a farm just like you did in Farm Frenzy
and all its sequels. You start from a simple task of growing pumpkins. To grow a pumpkin you need to plant it, to water it, to remove bad plants and finally to collect it. When you pass a level, you can buy various upgrades that will let you plant new vegetables, grow new farm animals or improve various processes. Remember that there's a goal in each level. See the indicators in the bottom of the screen how much of each product or money you still need to pass the level.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What is/was the first specie of fish in the world?
Had been it the actual Salmon, the actual Tuna, had been it your shark, was it truly is or had been it your wale…What was the first specie connected with fish in the worldThank an individual!
Haikouichthys appeared to be apparently the first fish.It has been around since during this Cambrian explosion inside the early Cambrian Period it truly is still definitely not clear precisely what fish had been first then again.
One of several other probable candidates were being Ostracoderms, the first vertebrate.We were holding jawless fish and journeyed extinct close to the end with the Devonian Period.
Sharks are regarded as have come into existence over the Silurian Period but data dates them returning to the late Ordovician Time.
Oh well, that changes it a lttle bit.
The Hagfish goes 550 trillion years towards earlier Cambrian but is not really exactly considered a species of fish.
The Coelacanth has become the oldest, or even the most seasoned fish living today.
well very first the whale may be a mammal, and definitely the greatest living which they alive today will be the colecath, the actual hag sea food, and the actual mega mouth shark, as for freshwater might be gar loved ones, and the actual minnow family
First of all, a whale is not a fish its your mammal.
In line with what I believe in, there definitely is oh dear to explain to because Lord created every one of the fish together, and some of them would are extinct long ago.
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The location of inelastic deformations in reinforced concrete bridge columns has been examined to simulate the nonlinear response of bridge columns and estimate the ultimate displacement capacity. In bridge columns, these nonlinear deformations generally occur over a finite hinge length. A model of hinging behavior in reinforced concrete bridge columns will help guide proportioning, detailing and drift estimates for performance-based design. Data was collected during the NEESR investigation of the seismic performance of four-span large-scale bridge systems at the University of Nevada Reno that details deformations in column hinging regions during response to strong shaking events. In order to evaluate the plastic hinging regions, a photogrammetric method was used to remotely track deformations of the concrete surface in the joint regions. The surface deformations and rotations of a reinforced concrete bridge column under dynamic loading has been examined and compared with the results obtained from traditional instruments.
This research utilized the experimental data from photogrammetry measurements of bridge column deformations to create a finite element model that realistically represents hinging behavior in a reinforced concrete bridge pier. The three dimensional finite element model of one column was defined with the cap beam on the top of the column and the footing system under the circular column using ABAQUS Finite Element software. The results of the FE model of the bridge column under dynamic loading were obtained and compared with the photogrammetric measurements as well as the data from the traditional instrumentations.
Two plastic hinge length expressions for reinforced concrete bridge columns under static and dynamic loadings have been developed by studying the available test results in the literature. Many of the previous tests were conducted using the static loading and for small-scale components. A few of the tests focused on bridge columns and dynamic loading. Expressions that have been developed to estimate the plastic hinge lengths have either been based on the maximum drift at the top of the column, or the spread of plasticity in the hinging regions. An expression to calculate the maximum drift capacity of a bridge column in double curvature has been derived by considering the deformations due to flexure as influenced by the definition of plastic hinge length (lp), and the bond-slip effect of the longitudinal reinforcement at the connections. Drift capacity of a bridge column, which corresponds to a 20% reduction in lateral load capacity on the descending branch of the response backbone curve, has been estimated using the new expression and compared with the results that were obtained from the earlier plastic hinge length expressions. The measured drift of the bridge column from the four-span large-scale bridge system test was also compared with the calculated responses from the expressions. The proposed equations provide the best estimate of plastic hinge length for reinforced concrete bridge columns.
Zeynep Firat Alemdar
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Researchers should cite this work as follows:


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The Bats of Kenya Project
Straddling the equator in East Africa, Kenya is an economically impoverished but megadiverse country. Many challenges confront its national development, among them a burgeoning human population, persistent drought and climate change, and a too-small cadre of scientists and resource managers. Since 1998, The Field Museum has collaborated with two Kenyan scientific agencies--Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and the National Museums of Kenya (NMK)--to solve the nation's scientific challenges and train personnel. One of these challenges is the management of Kenya's native bat populations. Bats represent fully one-quarter of Kenya's >400 mammal species. Scientists are only now realizing the important ecological services provided by bats. In addition to maintaining healthy ecosystems through pollination of flowers, seed dispersal, and consuming herbivorous insects, bats are crucial -- if usually overlooked -- partners in modern agriculture.
Richness of African bat faunas by country (from Patterson & Webala, 2012), showing the remarkable richness of East African faunas (dark bars).
Myotis welwitschii from Kisumu Impala Sanctuary, Jan 2012 (photo by Bruce Patterson)
In August 2011, Kenyan scientist Paul Webala (now a lecturer at Karatina University College, a branch of Moi University), WKU professor Carl Dick, and I began a three-year program to survey the bats of Kenya. This work has three immediate purposes: 1) to document the distribution, status, and ecology of Kenya's rich bat fauna, 2) to give KWS insights into managing an important and economically valuable resource, and 3) to create a vouchered call library for bats in Kenya that will enable KWS and research scientists to remotely monitor bats. In the course of this work, we are expanding Dr. Webala's training in systematics and genetics to enhance his proficiency as a mentor for the next generation of Kenyan scientists. In April and May 2012, Paul and Ruth Keeru -- a technician at National Museums of Kenya -- came to Chicago for advanced training. Initially funded by the Field Museum's Council on Africa and Bud and Onnolee Trapp, the JRS Biodiversity Foundation recently awarded Webala, Patterson, and Dave Waldien (Bat Conservation International) a $90,000 grant to continue this project.
Carl Dick (left), Paul Webala (right) and I outside Lirhanda Hill Cave, Kakamega Forest (Jan 2012)
Paul and I just finished a key and identification guide to the 145 species of bats known from East Africa (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda). The guide will be published in Fieldiana: Life Sciences in Fall 2012.
Paul Webala and Bruce Patterson outside Lion Hill Cave (photo by Carl Dick)
Some video of our fieldwork
A nycteribiid bat fly (Penicellidia sp.) on a Hipposideros bat in Nakuru, Kenya (photo by Bruce Patterson, Aug 2011)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


You probably know someone who's given their child, and especially their baby boy, an obscure biblical name. Sunday schools are increasingly filled with baby boys named Asher, Silas, Hezekiah, or Ezra. Meanwhile, boy names like John, Michael, David, and James appear to be falling out of favor.
The numbers back up this perception. According to current data from the Social Security Administration, "unusual" biblical names are getting more common for baby boys, with historically "rare" Bible names rising from about 0.5% of boys in the 1950s to a whopping 6.5% of baby boys today. Of all baby boys given uncommon or unconventional names, 17% had uncommon biblical names—the highest share since 1880.
What's going on? Why are there so many Obadiahs and Eliases underfoot? And how do these name trends reflect religious and cultural patterns in the United States?
To understand the picture, we have to go back in time and look first at the numbers. Baby boys born in 1982 were more likely to have biblical names than in any other year since 1880, driven by the increased popularity of names like David, Matthew, Joshua, Daniel, and Timothy. While biblical boy names rose steadily in prominence from 20% of baby boys in 1935 to more than 35% in the early 1980s, baby girls saw a different trend. From 1880 until 2018, the share of baby girls with biblical names has fallen steadily from 19% to around 6% today.
The rise in biblical boy names from 1880 to 1980 mostly included the monikers of major characters from the Old or New Testament. In other words, parents gave their kids names that were generically spiritual: They referred to the Bible, but they weren't too religious sounding. There were more Davids and fewer Levis, more Timothies and fewer Barnabases.
The trend in names is partly explained by corresponding religious trends. Declining anti-Semitism and anti-Catholicism broadened the number of socially acceptable names. And as US religious membership peaked between the 1950s and the 1980s, the cultural ascendancy of mainline and evangelical Protestantism meant that families increasingly wanted boy names that were recognizably biblical but still relatively conventional.
Girl names have a quite different backstory. Because girls are less likely to be named after their parents, baby girls have always had more diverse names and less standardized name spellings (like "Aleczandra," for instance).
Baby girl monikers are also generally more susceptible to "name bubbles," meaning that very large numbers of girls have names that were only popular during a particular period. In 1929, for example, one in every 1,750 baby girls was named Judith. By 1940, it was one in every 53. By 1950, Judith's popularity had fallen by half, and by 1956, by half again. While some boy names show similar fads, it's considerably less common.
In recent years, baby girls just like baby boys have seen a rise in less common biblical names. Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Mary are down, while Naomi, Eve, Delilah, Hannah, Eden, Leah, and Esther are up. Even names like Hadassah, Azariah, and Amariah are seeing growth, while Elizabeth and Susannah are falling into disuse. Both girls and boys with biblical names are increasingly getting very biblical names.
However, to sort out these trends—and what's behind them—we have to look at more than just the strictly biblical names. Many "religious" names aren't biblical: Girls are often given virtue names like Charity, Peace, or Hope, and some parents give their children names that are religious but not directly scriptural, like Benedict.
To get at these variables, I added a list of all Roman Catholic Saints, English-language virtue names, names appearing in the Qur'an, and names derived from Hindu gods. Together, they gave me an estimate of all religious names (see Figure 2).
Article continues below
Accounting for these religious-but-not-biblical names smooths out the historic trends. Boy names have approximately stable religious shares from 1880 to 1980, and religious girl names are stable from 1880 to about 1920. But since 1980 for boys and 1920 for girls, religious names of any kind have steadily declined as a share of names.
This pattern reflects a wider trend in American society: the diminished role of religion in peoples' lives.
Over the last 140 years, Americans have gradually moved away from a society marked by conventionalism and conformism to one of extreme individualism. Since the 1990s, especially, we've been living through a significant wave of anti-conventional fervor (although the baby boom period saw a similar explosion in highly individualized names). Baby names increasingly reflect the very specific interests, values, or idiosyncracies of parents, not just family traditions or wider public norms.
This shift tracks the wide turn away from a public culture dominated by religious ideas and toward one where popular consumerism is the driving force. (That this pattern appeared earlier for girls simply reflects the greater willingness of parents to give girls trendy names.) Combined, these two changes—toward more nonconformist baby naming and less religious baby naming—speak to a truly seismic cultural shift. Americans today are less governed by religious ideas, yes, but they're also less governed by any particular convention.
The figure below illustrates these growing nonconformist sensibilities by showing the share of baby boys and girls with religious or secular names that are notably uncommon.
The recent rise in quirky biblical names seems to fit into this larger picture of nonconformism. While kids with nonreligious names are much more likely to have uncommon names, the overall rise in unconventional names has been similar in size and timing across all four groups shown in the graph above. Religious parents are adapting to this new individualist world, giving their kids names that maintain the public claim of faith while also responding to a wider cultural demand for uniqueness and originality.
In other words, parents of faith want their kids to stand out from the crowd just as much as secular parents do.
So if you thought your Sunday school attendance list included some really deep cuts into the Bible, you weren't wrong. Because unusual religious names were extremely rare before the 1970s, names like Hezekiah or Jael, Enoch or Salome are easy to spot. You weren't imagining things: Religious names are getting strange!
This, I think, is actually cause for optimism. Even amidst a sea of cultural individualism that knows no law above the will, families are finding ways to translate the witness of Christian identity for the next generation. At a time when baby names seem to evince a society where parents do what is right in their own eyes, a committed religious minority is doubling down and giving their children names that cannot help but draw attention to the faith in which they were raised.
If we're lucky, then, maybe we'll live to see kids named Maher Shalal Hash Baz once again.
Lyman Stone is an adjunct fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a research fellow at the Institute for Family Studies, and the chief intelligence officer of the consulting company Demographic Intelligence. He and his wife live in Hong Kong and serve as missionaries in the Lutheran Church (Hong Kong Synod).


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Sunday, June 6, 2010
the significance of a rice kernel
This scene is intended to portray the rice fields of Saigon. The rice fields symbolize so many things in the text-both good and bad. I separated the sky into two colors in order to illustrate this aspect. For instance, the "golden" sky is meant to reflect the "current of grace that runs through [the fields] (like golden light)" pictured on page 172 in Cao's text. However, as seen, the light in my drawing does "evolve" into darkness (the black color) as a means of representing the turmoil of war and even exile. The color red in the water is meant to represent the blood that was spilled in the war (among the luscious greens of the fields-emphasizing the contrasting memories that Lan Cao's family has of this specific terrain). I was really fascinated by the passage on pg. 172- especially when the mother says "She (i.e. Mai) has never known how it farmed, how it is loved, how a bowl of rice is also a bowl of sweat, a farmer's sweat, a mother's sweat." This really puts things into perspectivenever take anything for granted-because someone, somewhere, sacrificed in order for us to have it.


Kingdom of Kano
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sarautar Kano
Ad Daulat Al Kano
Tribal Kingdom
Busar Bagauda
Drum of Bagauda
Capital Dala
(999- ???)
Languages Hausa (official), Arabic
Religion Hausa Animism
Government Absolute Monarchy
List of Kings of Kano
 - 999 Bagauda (first)
 - 1349 Ali Yaji Dan Tsamiya (last)
Grand Vizier
 - ???–???? shamaki (first)
 - ?????? (last)
Legislature Taran Kano
 - Upper house House of Nine
 - Founded ???? 999
 - Fall of the Maghira Dynasty 800 Circa
 - Rise of the Cult of Tsumbubura 1100
 - Battle of Santolo 1349
 - Fall of the Cult of Tsumbubbura ??? 1340
Currency Dirham, Salt, Gold, Cowries
Today part of
Part of a series on the
History of Northern Nigeria
Northern Nigeria
The Kingdom of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Northern Nigeria that dates back before 1000 AD, and lasted until the proclamation of the Sultanate of Kano by King Ali Yaji Dan Tsamiya in 1349. The kingdom was then replaced by the Sultanate of Kano, under the suzerainty of a Muslim Sultan The capital is now the modern city of Kano in Kano State.[1]
Kano lies to the north of the Jos Plateau, located in the Sudanian Savanna region that stretches across the south of the Sahel. The city lies near where the Kano and Challawa rivers flowing from the southwest converge to form the Hadejia River, which eventually flows into Lake Chad to the east. The climate is hot all year round. Rainfall is variable, ranging from 350mm to 1,300mm annually with the mean around 950mm, almost all falling during June–September period. Traditionally agriculture was based on lifting water to irrigate small parcels of land along river channels in the dry season, known as the Shadouf system. At the time when the kingdom was flourishing, tree cover would have been more extensive and the soil less degraded than it is today.[2]
Early history[edit]
Our knowledge of the early history of Kano comes largely from the Kano Chronicle, a compilation of oral tradition and some older documents composed in the nineteenth century, as well as more recently conducted archaeology.
In the 7th century, Dala Hill, a hill in Kano, was the site of a community that engaged in iron-working. It is unknown whether these were Hausa people or speakers of Niger–Congo languages.[3] Some sources say they were Hausa speaking hunter/gatherers known as Abagayawa who migrated from Gaya.[1] The Arab geographer al-Yaqubi, writing in 872/873 CE (AH 259), describes a kingdom called "HBShH" with a city named "ThBYR" ruled by a king called "MRH" (none of these words are vocalized, so their actual pronunciation can vary), located between the Niger Bend and the Kingdom of Kanem.[4] If the kingdom's name is vocalized as "Habasha" it would correspond with other Arabic language texts that also appear to refer to the Hausa, and would be the earliest reference to the Hausa region.
Kano was originally known as Dala, after the hill, and was referred to as such as late as the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th by Bornoan sources.[5] The Kano Chronicle identifies Barbushe, a priest of a Dalla Hill spirit, as the city's first settler.[6] (Elizabeth Isichei notes that the description of Barbushe is similar to those of Sao people.)[7] According to the Kano Chronicle, Bagauda, a grandson of the mythical hero Bayajidda,became the first Hausa king of Kano in 999, reigning until 1063.[8][9][10][11][12] His grandson Gijimasu (1095–1134), the third king, began building city walls at the foot of Dalla Hill, and Gijimasu's son, Tsaraki (1136–1194), the fifth king, completed them during his reign.[11] The Bagauda family steadily extended the kingdom through conquest of nearby communities. They established numerous sub-rulers, with titles starting with "Dan", of which the most important was "Dan Iya".[1][13]
Ali Yaji[edit]
Ali Yaji (1349–85)presided over the introduction of the Abrahamic religions in Kano, he brought in holy men from Wangara, presumably Mali. He extended Kano's reach and launched an unsuccessful expedition into the Kwarafa region.[14] He became the Last king of Kano when in the 1350s, after conquering Rano and Santolo he made Islam the state religion and proclaimed an end to the Kingdom, Kano from then on became an Islamic sultanate and its leaders took on the Title of Sultan.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa. "Brief History of Kano 999 to 2003". Kano State Government. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
 2. ^ Kabiru Ahmed. "The Kano Physical Environment". Kano State Government. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
 4. ^ al-Ya'qubi, "Tarikh" in Nehemiah Levtzion and J. F. P. Hopkins, transl, Corpus of Early Arabic sources for West African History (Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 21.
 6. ^ "Kano Chronicle" ed. H. R. Palmer in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 38 (1908) p. 63
 8. ^ "Kano Chronicle" ed. H. R. Palmer,pp. 64-65.
 10. ^ "Kano". Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
 12. ^ H. R. Palmer, ed. and trans. "The Kano Chronicle" Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 38 (1908), p. 65.
 13. ^ "Kano Chronicle" ed. Palmer, pp. 66, 67.
 14. ^ "Kano Chronicle," ed. Palmer, pp. 70-72.


3.7.6 _USER_: Environment Indenting
The Texinfo processors indent each line of _USER_ and similar environments. You can use the _USER_ command to specify this indentation. Write an _USER_ command at the beginning of a line followed by either 'asis' or a number:
_USER_ indent
The indentation is according to the value of indent:
Do not change the existing indentation (not implemented in TeX).
Omit all indentation.
Indent environments by n space characters in Info output, by n ems in TeX.
The default value of indent is 5 spaces in Info, and 0.4in in TeX, which is somewhat less. (The reduction is to help TeX fit more characters onto physical lines.)
It is best to write the _USER_ command before the end-of-header line at the beginning of a Texinfo file, so the region formatting commands indent paragraphs as specified. See Start of Header.


Ohmic conduction flux of charged species
 This function computes the fluxes due to ohmic conduction appearing in the Nernst–Planck equation. The species charge concentrations are then updated using the explicit scheme \displaystyle c^{n+1}_i = c^n_i +\Delta t \, \nabla \cdot( K_i c^n_i \nabla \phi^n) where c_i is the volume density of the i-specie, K_i its volume electric conductivity and \phi the electric potential.
 extern scalar phi;
 struct Species {
 scalar * c; // A list of the species concentration and their corresponding
 int * z; // valences
 double dt;
 // optional
 vector * K; // electric mobility (default the valence)
 void ohmic_flux (struct Species sp)
 If the volume conductivity is not provided it is set to the value of the valence.
 if (!sp.K) { // fixme: this does not work yet
 int i = 0;
 for (scalar s in sp.c) {
 const face vector kc[] = {sp.z[i], sp.z[i]}; i++;
 sp.K = vectors_append (sp.K, kc);
 scalar c;
 (const) face vector K;
 for (c, K in sp.c, sp.K) {
 The fluxes of each specie through each face due to ohmic transport are
 face vector f[];
 f.x[] = K.x[]*(c[] + c[-1,0])*(phi[] - phi[-1,0])/(2.*Delta);
 boundary_flux ({f});
 The specie concentration is updated using the net amount of that specie leaving/entering each cell through the face in the interval dt
 c[] += sp.dt*(f.x[1,0] - f.x[])/Delta;
 boundary ({c});


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Thu September 1, 2011
Kids make music about their lives & struggles
A program based out of Flint teaches kids the fundamentals of songwriting and music production. But the songs kids write are not your typical bubble-gum pop. The program is a professional music studio that travels to schools and community centers in Flint, Grand Rapids, and Kalamazoo. It's called Studio on the Go.
Kids use computers and keyboards to make music and beats and then they write lyrics about their lives, and finally record the songs. Kids are given a topic to write about, like "education," "making it" and "family." The idea is to steer away from stuff kids hear on the radio and to instead write their own songs. The content must be positive and no swearing is allowed.
The results are songs about their personal struggles along with heartfelt tributes. Some kids sing about what it's like to have someone they love die or to have a family member in jail. Instructors say the kids learn a combination of technical skills along with life skills.


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IZA DP No. 4108: The Gender Education Gap in China: The Power of Water
We investigate girls' school dropout rates, bringing forward a novel variable: access to water. We hypothesise that a girl's education suffers when her greater water need for female hygiene purposes after menarche is not met because her household has poor access to water. For testing we use data from rural villages in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We find that menarche is associated with an increase in the school dropout rate, and indeed the effect is weaker for girls who have good access to water. Water engineering can thus contribute significantly to reducing gender education gaps in rural areas.


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This is a broad question so for simplicity I will use Seal of Fire and Naturalize.
Scenario 1: Common exchangecreating a baseline.
 - Player A uses Naturalize on Seal of Fire
 - Player B Sacrifices SoF in response. SoF is highest on the stack and goes off first.
 - This leaves Naturalize without a valid target.
Scenario 2: Complicated exchangeIs this legal?
 - Player B Sacrifices SoF.
 - In response Player A targets it with Naturalize.
 - SoF is on the stack and it's ability has not resolved. Player B (as above) sacrifices SoF in response to the Naturalize.
Can Seal of Fire be placed back on the stack by re-activating its ability, potentially with a new target?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
No, your second example is not possible using the game rules.
Player A cannot target SoF with Naturalize, because it is currently in the graveyard. If they wanted to target the SoF, they need to do so when they had priority. Player A cannot prevent the SoF from being sacrificed for its ability anyway, since the ability exists independently of the source that created it. Seal of Fire says, "Sacrifice Seal of Fire: Seal of Fire deals 2 damage to target creature or player." It is an activate ability whose [Cost] is "Sacrifice Seal of Fire." If Player B paid the cost to activate SoF, it would no longer be on the battlefield by the time the Active Player received priority.
112.3b Activated abilities have a cost and an effect. They are written as "[Cost]: [Effect.] [Activation instructions (if any).]" A player may activate such an ability whenever he or she has priority. Doing so puts it on the stack, where it remains until it's countered, it resolves, or it otherwise leaves the stack. See rule 602, "Activating Activated Abilities."
116.1. Unless a spell or ability is instructing a player to take an action, which player can take actions at any given time is determined by a system of priority. The player with priority may cast spells, activate abilities, and take special actions.
 - It is not possible to sacrifice a permanent twice. After you sacrifice a permanent, it is placed into its owner's graveyard.
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I was under the impression that because the ability had not resolved, as it was interrupted by the naturalize, it was placed on the stack before the card reached the graveyard. – Stormchild Mar 3 '12 at 19:29
_USER_ You pay all costs at the time you activate an ability (i.e. put it on the stack). The actions you take as part of paying costs don't use the stack. – Alex P Mar 3 '12 at 20:14
To put Alex's comment another way, the card goes to the graveyard at the same time as the ability is first placed on the stack. There is no opportunity for you or your opponent to do anything between the ability being placed on the stack and the moving of the Seal to the graveyard. The casting of Naturalize happens well after both of those actions. – David Z Mar 4 '12 at 7:46
user1873 is right. Scenario 2 is not legal since the sacrificing is a cost. To try to it clarify further: If Seal of Fire instead did "T: Destroy ~this~ and deal 2 damage to target player" it would still deal 2 damage to the player if you destroyed it before the ability resolved.
112.7a Once activated or triggered, an ability exists on the stack independently of its source. Destruction or removal of the source after that time won't affect the ability. Note that some abilities cause a source to do something (for example, "Prodigal Sorcerer deals 1 damage to target creature or player") rather than the ability doing anything directly. In these cases, any activated or triggered ability that references information about the source because the effect needs to be divided checks that information when the ability is put onto the stack. Otherwise, it will check that information when it resolves. In both instances, if the source is no longer in the zone it's expected to be in at that time, its last known information is used. The source can still perform the action even though it no longer exists.
A common analogy is that of a soldier throwing a grenade at you. Shooting the soldier after he has thrown the grenade won't prevent the grenade from killing you
The only way you can stop it is either counter the ability (Stifle) or prevent it from fulfill other restrictions like destroying mountains for Valakut, the molten pinnacle's land limit.
Credit: _URL_
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text:
The establishment of a Law and Order Ministry under the President has been announced. The Secretary to this Ministry, according to reports, is Major General Nanda Mallawarachchi, a retired military officer. Gen. Mallawarachichi is a former Chief of Staff of the Sri Lankan Army. He later became the Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Malaysia. He reported to have played a major role in kidnapping Kumaran Pathmanadan of the LTTE from a hotel and taking him to the Airport with the help of the Malaysian security forces.
While the establishment of this ministry is justified under the pretext of following a recommendation from the Lessons Learned and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC), what this represents in fact is a further step in the militarization process.
The recommendations of the LLRC are made within the framework of the rule of law. Under the rule of law, law and order simply means the establishment of the supremacy of the law and the enforcement of the law through legitimate authorities, which are the civilian police, an independent Attorney General's department as prosecutor, and an independent judiciary. Under the rule of law, the place of the military is to be in the barracks and to serve only when called for, when there is a threat to the nation. However, what is happening in Sri Lanka now is the process of bringing the military to the forefront under the pretext of maintaining law and order.
At Weliweriya, the nation saw how the military can be called upon to intervene into a peaceful demonstration of villagers, who were only demanding the right to have clean water. Snipers acting as soldiers opened fire and killed many innocent people. Other soldiers even entered church premises and assaulted people taking shelter in the church. As a result, one person was killed and many were injured on the church premises. Two others who were killed were young boys of sixteen and eighteen, who had no connection at all to any protest. When an inquiry was called, it was handed over to the military themselves. The military officer who headed the military inquiry is internationally under suspicion for alleged war crimes.
Under these circumstances, those who are concerned about the civil liberties of the citizens and the future of the law in the country should seriously study this twisted meaning of 'law and order'. Some serious studies are available on this issue. For example, one of the countries that used the phrase 'law and order' for the militarization of the country was Myanmar (Burma) under the military dictatorship of General Ne Win. During his rule, from 1962 to 1988, the words 'law and order' became the slogan for the undoing of the basic legal structure that was established by the British during the colonial occupation of Myanmar, and put in place military institutions that were, naturally, also headed by senior military officers. It went on to the extent of even selecting judges for the so-called courts from the military, and even the present Chief Justice in Myanmar is a former military officer.
A study on this was done by Dr. Nick Cheesman at the Australian National University (ANU), entitled "The politics of law and order in Myanmar". In this study, he has pointed out the use of the phrase "law and order" to divorce whatever that was called "order" from law. By this process, the commands of the government acquired the status of "law". Under a rule of law system, law is made through a parliamentary process and requires the legitimacy gained through following the required criteria for the making of law. Furthermore, in a rule of law situation, law is finally subjected to the interpretation of the judiciary. However, under a law and order situation in a military context, the commands from the government have to be obeyed by everyone, including the judiciary. Dr. Cheesman demonstrates the manner through which the courts became mere instruments in the hands of the military to carry out military orders.
Now, under the pretext of implementing LLRC orders, a further stage of militarization is being pursued. Perhaps, the phrase "law and order" is being used to impress Dr. Navi Pillay (UN High Commissioner for Human Rights) during her visit, hoping that she may report that a recommendation of the LLRC has been complied with. That the important occasion of the visit of the High Commissioner is also used to create legitimacy for the militarization is an indication of the direction in which the country has embarked.
*A Statement of Asian Human Rights Commission


text:
Magnetic resonance imaging and a comprehensive cognitive evaluation were carried out in a series of 29 patients with mild to moderate Huntington's disease (HD). A factor analysis of the neuropsychological test scores provided three factors: a memory/speed-of-processing factor, a "frontal" factor, and a response inhibition factor. The memory/speed factor correlated significantly with measures of caudate atrophy, frontal atrophy, and atrophy of the left (but not the right) sylvian cistern. There were no significant correlations between the "frontal" or response inhibition factors and measures of cortical or subcortical brain atrophy. Our findings confirm that subcortical atrophy is significantly correlated with specific cognitive deficits in HD, and demonstrate that cortical atrophy also has important association with the cognitive deficits of patients with HD.
- Brain atrophy
- Huntington's disease
- Magnetic resonance imaging
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Clinical Neurology


text:
ICE-ISLAND in Mid-Atlantic Proposed (Oct, 1932)
ICE-ISLAND in Mid-Atlantic Proposed
SEADROMES for ocean landing fields are not a new idea, a steel 'drome designed by Edward Armstrong, recently described in these pages, being well on the road to practical acceptance. But the proposal to build seadromes of ice, recently advanced from Germany, seems fantastic until one realizes that the idea has already passed the experimental stage with flying colors.
The German scientist Dr. Gerke of Waldenburg two years ago erected an ice island in Lake Zurich by artificial means, which endured six days after the refrigerating machinery was switched off. His proposal for a mid-Atlantic way station of ice involves the construction of a framework of hollow tubing which; when filled with liquid air manufactured in a refrigerating plant, freezes the water surrounding it into a solid mass.
Design of the island would call for a section on which a landing field and buildings for offices and refrigerating plants could be built.


spatial and algebraic" are notationally confused.. some pepople take the word "vector" to mean a track!
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Accordingto John Robinson (2days ago) vectors... elements(points) of vector spaces are different from points – kozenko May 3 '14 at 3:43
Assuming you're happy with $dy/dx$, when it becomes $\ldots dy$ and $\ldots dx$ it means that it follows that what precedes $dy$ in terms of $y$ is equal to what precedes $dx$ in terms of $x$.
"in terms of" = "with reference to".
That is, if "$a \frac{dy}{dx} = b$", then it follows that "$a$ with reference to $y$ = $b$ with reference to $x$". If the equation has all the terms with $y$ on the left and all with $x$ on the right, then you've got to a good place to continue.
The phrase "it follows that" means you haven't really moved $dx$ as in algebra. It now has a different meaning which is also true.
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protected by mixedmath Mar 23 '14 at 18:41
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text:
Chelan CountyPUD is gaining notoriety for its successful results on Habitat Conservation Plans for fish protection at Rock Island and Rocky Reach dams.
Chelan PUD worked with state and federal agencies for more than a decade to create the nation's first hydropower Habitat Conservation Plan to protect young salmon and steelhead as they migrate to the ocean.
PUD Director of Natural Resources, Keith Truscott, says the PUD recognizes its responsibilities to natural resources and stewardship obligations as operators of hydro-projects.
The PUD uses a combination of fish bypass and spill to help move the fish safely past the dams.
Keith adds that the PUD is required to measure juvenile fish survival rates to ensure the method is working.
Hydropower is America's largest source of clean, renewable electricity, avoiding 225 million metric tons of carbon emissions.
Chelan County PUD's innovative approach is said to be proof that it is possible to care for fish and the environment while ensuring the ability to generate clean, renewable hydropower."CLICK HERE" for Audio
"CLICK HERE" for Audio


text:
2. Table of Contents
- What is a Total Station?
- Capability of a Total Station
- Important Operations of Total Station
– Distance Measurement
– Angle Measurements
– Data Processing
– Electronic Book
- Uses of Total Station
- Advantages of Using Total Stations
3. What is a Total Station?
- Total station is a surveying equipment
combination of Electromagnetic Distance
Measuring Instrument and electronic
- It is also integrated with microprocessor,
electronic data collector and storage system.
- The instrument can be used to measure
horizontal and vertical angles as well as
sloping distance of object to the instrument.
6. Capability of a Total Station
Microprocessor unit in total station processes
the data collected to compute:
1. Average of multiple angles measured.
2. Average of multiple distance measured.
3. Horizontal distance.
4. Distance between any two points.
5. Elevation of objects and
6. All the three coordinates of the observed
7. • Data collected and processed in a Total Station
can be downloaded to computers for further
- Total station is a compact instrument and
weighs 50 to 55 N.
- A person can easily carry it to the field.
- Total stations with different accuracy, in angle
measurement and different range of
measurements are available in the market.
- One such instrument manufactured by
SOKKIA Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan.
9. Important Operations of Total
- Distance Measurement
- Angle Measurements
- Data Processing
- Electronic Book
10. Distance Measurement
- Electronic distance measuring (EDM)
instrument is a major part of total station.
- Its range varies from 2.8 km to 4.2 km.
- The accuracy of measurement varies from 5
mm to 10 mm per km measurement.
- They are used with automatic target
- The distance measured is always sloping
distance from instrument to the object.
11. Angle Measurements
- The electronic theodolite part of total station is
used for measuring vertical and horizontal
- For measurement of horizontal angles any
convenient direction may be taken as reference
- For vertical angle measurement vertical upward
(zenith) direction is taken as reference direction.
- The accuracy of angle measurement varies from
2 to 6 seconds.
13. Data Processing
- This instrument is provided with an inbuilt
microprocessor. The microprocessor averages
multiple observations. With the help of slope
distance and vertical and horizontal angles
measured, when height of axis of instrument and
targets are supplied, the microprocessor computes
the horizontal distance and X, Y, Z coordinates.
- The processor is capable of applying temperature
and pressure corrections to the measurements, if
atmospheric temperature and pressures are
- Electronic display unit is capable of displaying
various values when respective keys are
- The system is capable of displaying horizontal
distance, vertical distance, horizontal and
vertical angles, difference in elevations of two
observed points and all the three coordinates of
the observed points.
15. Electronic Book
- Each point data can be stored in an electronic
note book (like compact disc).
- The capacity of electronic note book varies
from 2000 points to 4000 points data.
- Surveyor can unload the data stored in note
book to computer and reuse the note book.
16. Uses of Total Station
- The total station instrument is mounted on a
tripod and is levelled by operating levelling
screws. Within a small range instrument is
capable of adjusting itself to the level position.
Then vertical and horizontal reference
directions are indexed using onboard keys.
17. • It is possible to set required units for distance,
temperature and pressure (FPS or SI).
Surveyor can select measurement mode like
fine, coarse, single or repeated.
18. • When target is sighted, horizontal and vertical
angles as well as sloping distances are
measured and by pressing appropriate keys
they are recorded along with point number.
Heights of instrument and targets can be keyed
in after measuring them with tapes. Then
processor computes various information about
the point and displays on screen.
19. • This information is also stored in the electronic
notebook. At the end of the day or whenever
electronic note book is full, the information
stored is downloaded to computers.
20. • The point data downloaded to the computer
can be used for further processing.
- There are software like auto civil and auto
plotter clubbed with Auto Cad which can be
used for plotting contours at any specified
interval and for plotting cross-section along
any specified line.
21. Advantages of Using Total Stations
- The following are some of the major
advantages of using total station over the
conventional surveying instruments:
- Field work is carried out very fast.
- Accuracy of measurement is high.
- Manual errors involved in reading and
recording are eliminated.
22. • Calculation of coordinates is very fast and
accurate. Even corrections for temperature and
pressure are automatically made.
- Computers can be employed for map making
and plotting contour and cross-sections.
Contour intervals and scales can be changed in
23. • However, surveyor should check the working
condition of the instruments before using. For
this standard points may be located near
survey office and before taking out instrument
for field work, its working is checked by
observing those standard points from the
specified instrument station.
- Total stations are mainly used by land
surveyors and civil engineers, either to record
features as in topographic surveying or to set
out features (such as roads, houses or
- They are also used by archaeologists to record
excavations and by police, crime scene
investigators, private accident reconstruction
and insurance companies to take
measurements of scenes.
- Total stations are the primary survey
instrument used in mining surveying.
- A total station is used to record the absolute
location of the tunnel walls, ceilings (backs),
and floors as the drifts of an underground mine
- The recorded data are then downloaded into
a CAD program, and compared to the designed
layout of the tunnel.
26. • The survey party installs control stations at
regular intervals. These are small steel plugs
installed in pairs in holes drilled into walls or
the back. For wall stations, two plugs are
installed in opposite walls, forming a line
perpendicular to the drift. For back stations,
two plugs are installed in the back, forming a
line parallel to the drift.
27. Mechanical and electrical construction
- Total stations have become the highest
standard for most forms of construction layout.
- They are most often used in the X and Y axis
to lay out the locations of penetrations out of
the underground utilities into the foundation,
between floors of a structure, as well as
28. • Because more commercial and industrial
construction jobs have become centered
around building information modeling (BIM),
the coordinates for almost every pipe, conduit,
duct and hanger support are available with
- The application of communicating a virtual
model to a tangible construction potentially
eliminates labor costs related to moving poorly
measured systems, as well as time spent laying
out these systems in the midst of a full blown
construction job in progress.
- Meteorologists also use total stations to
track weather balloons for determining upper-
- With the average ascent rate of the weather
balloon known or assumed, the change in
azimuth and elevation readings provided by
the total station as it tracks the weather balloon
over time are used to compute the wind speed
and direction at different altitudes.
30. • Additionally, the total station is used to track
ceiling balloons to determine the height of
- Such upper-level wind data is often used for
aviation weather forecasting and rocket


text:
Clark, J. S.; Tarasov, A. E. and Panko, E. A.
Long term disc variability in the Be star o Andromedae.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 403 pp. 239–246.
Full text available as:
We present 18 years of high resolution and S/N H spectroscopy of the Be shell star o And, obtained between _PHONE_. Spectra taken during late 1985 show a pure photospheric profile, with disc re-formation commencing in 1986; a process that is found to occur over long timescales (103 days). Analysis of the evolution of the properties of the H shell profile suggest that the disc kinematics are dominated by rotational motion. It has been shown that disc loss in o And occurs "inside out''; we find that the disc also appears to be rebuilt in a similar manner, with disc material gradually diffusing to larger radii. The long timescale for changes in the bulk properties of the disc, domination of rotational over radial velocities and manner of disc loss and formation are all consistent with the predictions of the viscous decretion disc model for Be star discs.
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Advanced Financial Risk Tolerance Assessment
Unlike traditional risk tolerance assessment tools which focus primarily on the client's willingness to accept risk, Tolerisk® measures the client's willingness and their ability to take investment risk, by incorporating their cash-flows. All factors are combined into a simple, measurable, and actionable risk directive.
Welcome to Tolerisk
The leading Investment Risk Tolerance Assessment tool for Advisors to better serve their clients.
Problems with Typical Risk Tolerance Exercises
Willingness vs. Ability to Take Risk
PROBLEM Traditional risk tolerance assessments are based primarily on personality, only evaluating the investor's willingness to accept risk.
TOLERISK SOLUTION Tolerisk allows you to measure a client's actual ability to take risk separately from their willingness to take risk and combines them scientifically to create an actionable investment risk directive recommendation.
Validating Assumptions
PROBLEM Typical risk tolerance assessment tools don't validate the reasonableness of the client's assumptions. This can lead financial advisors to provide risk directive advice that isn't based on realistic assumptions.
TOLERISK SOLUTION Tolerisk incorporates mortality probabilities, cash-flows, and personality, evaluated across more than a thousand historical paths for equities, fixed income, and inflation. Based on this robust analysis, the probability of running out of money is scientifically calculated. When your clients are a married couple, Tolerisk even incorporates second to die probabilities, providing your clients with the most useful results.
Key Drivers & Evolution
PROBLEM Clients don't gain an appreciation of what factors drove the risk tolerance assessment and how it will evolve as their life changes.
TOLERISK SOLUTION Tolerisk stress tests every input and assumption, highlighting the big drivers of risk tolerance for your specific client and illustrating how their investment risk tolerance will change through time and evolution.
Lacking Granularity
PROBLEM Shifting between big risk buckets can mean a large sudden change in market exposure, which places great onus on the date the shift occurs. A gradual and quantifiable approach is generally more beneficial.
TOLERISK SOLUTION The measurable and quantifiable nature of Tolerlsk Risk Assessment Software facilitates gradual and intentional changes to your client's investment risk level, which is customized to their specific circumstances.
Start Your 10-Day Risk-Free Trial of Tolerisk® Today! Start Now
5 Common Failures of Investor Risk Tolerance Assessments and How to Avoid Them
Every financial advisor has some type of Risk Tolerance Assessment process. The vast majority are too rudimentary, and merely designed to satisfy the most basic level of compliance.
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text:
Cannabis, also known as ganja, grows wild throughout Northern India, with particular prevalence along the foothills of the Himalayas. Although it is considered illegal in most parts of the world, certain forms of cannabis, most notably bhang, a cannabis and milk mixture, are sold in government-sanctioned shops with great popularity.
The Cultural Significance of Charas
Another popular form of cannabis, known as "charas," plays an important cultural role in India. In the Hindu religion, the god Shiva is known for his love of cannabis, and cannabis is widely used during the Hindu festival of Holi. Shaivs, a sect of Hinduism devoted to worship of the Lord Shiva, smoke charas freely as part of their religious practice.
In modern practice, young professionals and sadhus, or religious ascetics, continue to use charas regularly, usually by smoking it out of a small clay pipe called a chillum. Before lighting the pipe, they will often chant the many names of Shiva. The Shiva sahasranama is a "list of a thousand names" exalting Shiva in his many forms.
Unlike the edible cannabis-based drink bhang, charas is a hand-rolled form of hashish that is smoked rather than ingested in a drink. One of the similarities between the two most popular forms of cannabis available in India is that they both require freshly harvested cannabis vs. cannabis that has been dried and cured, as is the standard in Western culture.
Charas is similar to hash in that they are both concentrated forms of cannabis, but hash is generally created with dead, dried cannabis flowers, while charas is created using fresh cannabis buds a few weeks from full maturity.
The Origin of Charas
View of Parvati Valley.
The cannabis acquired to create charas is usually sourced from Northern India, typically in the Parvati Valley, Malana, and Kashmir regions, where ganja plants grow wild in the foothills of the Himalayan mountains.
From the Parvati Valley, a local hashish known as Malana Cream is known for its high THC content and requires at least twice as much time to create the same amount. Malana Cream commands a high price in India, not only for its potency, but also due to the inaccessibility of Malana cannabis. Malana is in the Himachal Pradesh region, which is known for its abundance of cannabis. However, due to the area's lack of access roads, cannabis must be gathered and transported by hand or mule, making it a prominent cash crop.
Another well-known charas is Kerala Gold, also known as Idukki Gold or "Neelachadayan," famed for its high-potency content. Idukki Gold became famous after a 2013 Indian film of the same name, which follows five friends who set out on a journey to find Idukki Gold, the first strain of cannabis the friends tried in their youth.
In reality, Idukki Gold is no longer as prevalent as it once was in Kerala region. Crops were burned in police raids, and what cannabis was left has been crossbred with local plants to create a new strain, "Sheelavathi," which is more suited to grow in the region's climate. The local strain may be sold as Idukki Gold, but the quality is inferior and yields low-potency cannabis containing about eight percent THC.
How to Make Your Own Charas
To make your own charas, the process is quite simple, albeit a bit messy:
- From a cannabis plant that is 2-3 weeks from full maturity, pick a handful of cannabis flowers
- Trim the excess leaves from the cannabis buds, but leave a portion of the stem
- Slowly begin to rub the buds between your palms.
- As the flower releases oils and THC, gradually increase your hand motions
- Use your thumb to press the oils against your palm
- The plant material will secrete a black, tar-like substance
- Continue rolling the charas ball until it stops secreting oils
The highest quality charas requires much patient and slow, careful hand movements. The faster you rub the charas between your hands, the more resin will be lost in the process. During hand-harvesting, one might easily make 8-9 grams of charas in a day, but if you want the highest quality charas, it's necessary to go much slower.
The process is sticky and resinous, and your hands will likely become blackened with resin. If you're hoping to avoid sticky hands, you might consider wearing latex gloves, or you can easily clean the mess off your hands with heavy-duty dish soap.
Once you have formed a ball of charas concentrate, it can be either placed in a pipe or chillum to be smoked, or it can be mixed with tobacco and rolled into a spliff, another popular form of cannabis consumption in India.
Have you ever tried charas concentrate? Would you consider making charas from your own cannabis plants?


text:
Elizabeth Báthory is known as Bloody Lady of Cachtice, the most infamous serial killer in Hungarian and Slovak history. She was an educated woman who could read and write in four languages. The Báthory family was one of the wealthiest in Central Europe. The rivalry they had with the Habsburgs is considered a potential reason for conspiracy against her.
Oil Painting of the Countess, believed to be a realistic portrait
In 1610 and 1611, testimonies were collected from more than 300 witness accounts, which suggest that Báthory killed many local peasant girls. The descriptions of torture that emerged during the trials were often based on hearsay. They included:
- severe beatings over extended periods of time
- burning or mutilation of hands, faces, and genitalia
- biting the flesh off the faces, arms and other bodily parts
- freezing or starving victims to death
In 1610, she was imprisoned in Cachtice Castle, where she remained in her room until her death four years later.
If you watched Hostel – Part II, you saw a woman (Monika Malacova) bathing in the blood draining out of a hanging victim. Eli Roth called her Mrs. Bathory. This is in reference to the legend that Elizabeth Báthory bathed in the blood of her victims so that she may retain her youth and beauty. This legend was spread in the 1700s by men like László Turóczi and Matthias Bel. However, there is no proof that this ever happened.
Scene from Hostel: Part Eww
The emergence of the bloodbath myth coincided with the vampire scares that haunted Europe in the early 18th century. The connection between the two myths would later be made in the 1970s. Some have tried to establish the myth surrounding Elizabeth Báthory as a source of influence for Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. This theory is strongly disputed, however.
Ingrid Pitt in Countess Dracula, a Hammer horror film from 1971 based on Elizabeth Báthory
There's a movie called Bathory that was created by Slovak filmmaker Juraj Jakubisko and released in 2008. The plot deals with the life of Elizabeth Báthory and takes place in what is now Slovakia (at the time it was a part of the Kingdom of Hungary). Said Jakubisko about the film:
�Countess Elizabeth Bathory is the most famous Austro-Hungarian aristocrat that lived in what is Slovakia today. She supposedly murdered 650 people during her lifetime. I think this theory is absurd and thought of creating my own legend, which would show her in a completely different light, very tender, and tenderness is related to art� What is interesting about this story is that it doesn�t even lack humour and it is also a kind of crime story as there are two monks investigating what is actually going on with Bathory. But there is also political intrigue, and the drama of an intelligent woman too weak to face all the odds she had to face� It is the story of a woman, Elizabeth Bathory, who, in short, was unfortunate to have been born at the wrong time in history��


text:
Definitions of rock:
- noun: pitching dangerously to one side
- noun: a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter
Example: "He threw a rock at me"
- noun: (figurative) someone who is strong and stable and dependable
Example: "He was her rock during the crisis"
- noun: United States gynecologist and devout Catholic who conducted the first clinical trials of the oral contraceptive pill (_PHONE_)
- noun: material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust
Example: "That mountain is solid rock"
- noun: hard stick bright-colored stick candy typically peppermint flavored
- noun: a genre of popular music originating in the 1950s; a blend of Black rhythm-and-blues with White country-and-western
Example: "Rock is a generic term for the range of styles that evolved out of rock'n'roll."
- verb: move back and forth or sideways
Example: "The ship was rocking"
- verb: cause to move back and forth
Example: "Rock the cradle"
- name: A surname (common: 1 in 12500 families; popularity rank in the U.S.: #1662)
Search for rock at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
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Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


Doctor plans global trek to explore how Japanese got here
A Tokyo surgeon and explorer plans to embark on a five-year journey Thursday to trace the origins of the Japanese people.
Yoshiharu Sekino, 55, of the western Tokyo suburb of Kokubunji, begins his new adventure roughly two years after completing a 50,000-km trek to trace the "great journey" that humans are believed to have taken as they migrated from Africa to other parts of the world millions of years ago.
He plans to trace what he calls the three possible paths that the ancestors of the Japanese are believed to have taken about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago to reach Japan.
The "northern" route is believed to have brought people to Japan from Siberia via Russia's Sakhalin Island, the "continental" route from China via the Korean Peninsula, and the "kuroshio" route from Southeast Asia along the Japan Current.
Sekino also plans to explore an additional sea route, which people are believed to have taken to reach Pacific islands.
During his previous journey, Sekino traveled to 35 countries between 1993 and 2002 to trace the "great journey" in reverse, from the southern tip of the American continent to Tanzania.
Like his previous trip, Sekino plans to travel only on foot or by bicycle without relying on vehicles.
He plans to trace the four routes on an intermittent basis through fall 2009 and to study the traditional cultures in different locations that might be linked to Japanese culture.
"This time, I want to focus on the paths that the Japanese are believed to have taken," he said.
"I want to explore the various origins of 'Japaneseness' that still exist among peoples who live in different locations."
Sekino, who has taught at Musashino Art University for the last two years, travels abroad about three to five months a year.
He plans to start his journey from the "northern" route, which will take him to Mongolia and Russia in the summer and to the estuary of Amur River in winter. He also plans to walk the frozen Mamiya Strait on foot to reach Sakhalin.
Sekino's exploring spirit dates back to his time at Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo, where he set up an exploration club and covered the entire length of the Amazon to explore the life of indigenous peoples.
During his travels to the Amazon, Sekino became acutely aware of the shortage of medical services for indigenous peoples.
After graduating from Hitotsubashi, he entered Yokohama City University and became a surgeon.
In 1999, he received the Naomi Uemura Award, named after the famous explorer who was the first in the world to conquer the highest peaks on five continents and disappeared on Mount McKinley in Alaska in February 1984.


text:
Photo: Marc Loiselle
The Gaspésie has fourteen proud witnesses to history, five of which have been given a second life thanks to the judicious interventions of enthusiasts. Thus, these true sentinels of the sea or their outbuildings have been transformed into museums or tourist information offices.
Discover the Matane and La Martre lighthouses, whose beacons have been lighting the way since 1906. The first lighthouse towers above the area and offers a splendid view of the maritime activities, the windmill park and the Chic-Chocs Mountains, and the lightkeeper's house is a museum as well as a tourist information office. The second lighthouse, which remains operational, still has its original clock components, and the building next to it houses the lighthouse museum and its permanent exhibit.
From the top of the 44 stairs of the Cap de la Madeleine lighthouse, the village, the mountains, the barachois, and the mouth of one of the most beautiful salmon rivers reveal themselves before your eyes. The site also offers several services, and has a shop, and a museum. The Pointe-à-la-Renommée lighthouse, renowned for having traveled a lot, stands in a panoramic setting that is quite breathtaking which is also its original home. This historical site was, thanks to Marconi, a strategic communications centre. The beacons of these lighthouses were lit in 1907.
The Cap-des-Rosiers lighthouse, which stands at 34 meters, is the highest lighthouse in Canada, and navigators can always count on its beacon, which was lit in 1858, to find their way. Firmly planted at the entrance of the Forillon National Park of Canada, this fabulous structure was declared a historic monument.
All these witnesses to maritime heritage know how to make their respective history known through various ways. Now it is up to you to take the trail that will lead you to them…
- Métis-sur-Mer, 1951
- Matane, 1906 (Tourist Information Office)
- Cap-Chat, 1909 (Arbres en Jeux)
- La Martre, 1906 (Musée des Phares)
- Cap Madeleine, 1907 (Site du phare)
- Pointe-à-la-Renommée, 1907 (Site historique de Pointe-à-la-Renommée)
- Cap-des-Rosiers, 1907
- Cap Gaspé (Forillon National Park)
- Percé, 1915
- Cap d'Espoir, 1939
- Bonaventure (Pointe Beaubassin)
- Pointe Duthie (Village gaspésien de l'héritage britannique, New Richmond)
- Carleton-sur-Mer (Pointe Tracadigash)


Azo dye
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Chemical structure of an orange colored azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the linkage C-N=N-C.[1] Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related to azo dyes are azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents.[2][3]
Many kinds of azo dyes are known, and several classification systems exist. Some classes include disperse dyes, metal-complex dyes, reactive dyes, and substantive dyes. Also called direct dyes, substantive dyes are employed for cellulose-based textiles, which includes cotton. The dyes bind to the textile by non-electrostatic forces. In another classification, azo dyes can be classified according to the number of azo groups.
Trypan blue is an example of a direct dye, used for cotton.
Physical properties, structure, and bonding[edit]
As a consequence of п-delocalization, aryl azo compounds have vivid colors, especially reds, oranges, and yellows. An example is Disperse Orange 1. Some azo compounds, e.g., methyl orange, are used as acid-base indicators. Most DVD-R/+R and some CD-R discs use blue azo dye as the recording layer.
Many phenolic diazo dyes participate in tautomeric equilibria shown here in simplified form (Ar = aryl).[4]
Azo dyes are solids. Most are salts, the colored component being the anion usually, although some cationic azo dyes are known. The anionic character of most dyes arises from the presence of 1-3 sulfonic acid groups, which are fully ionized at the pH of the dyed article:
RSO3H → RSO3 + H+
Most proteins are cationic, thus dyeing of leather and wool corresponds to an ion exchange reaction. The anionic dye adheres to these articles through electrostatic forces. Cationic azo dyes typically contain quaternary ammonium centers.
Most azo dyes are prepared by azo coupling, which entails an electrophilic substitution reaction of an aryl diazonium cation with another compound, the coupling partner. Classically coupling partners are other aromatic compounds with electron-donating groups:[5]
+ Ar′H → ArN=NAr′ + H+
In practice, acetoacetic amide are widely used as coupling partners:
+ Ar′NHC(O)CH2C(O)Me → ArN=NCH(C(O)Me)(C(O)NHAr′) + H+
Azo dyes are also prepared by the condensation of nitroaromatics with anilines followed by reduction of the resulting azoxy intermediate:
ArNO2 + Ar′NH2 → ArN(O)=NAr′ + H2O
ArN(O)=NAr′ + C6H12O6 → ArN=NAr′ + C6H10O6 + H2O
For textile dying, a typical nitro coupling partner would be disodium 4,4′-dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate. Typical aniline partners are shown below. Since anilines are prepared from nitro compounds, some azo dyes are produced by partial reduction of aromatic nitro compounds.[3]
Many azo dyes are produced by reactions from pre-existing azo compounds. Typical reactions include metal complexation and acylation.
Azo pigments[edit]
Azo pigments are similar in chemical structure to azo dyes, but they lack solubilizing groups. Because they are insoluble in virtually all media, they are not readily purified, and thus require highly purified precursors.
Synthesis of C.I. Pigment Yellow 12, an azo pigment (also classified as a diarylide pigment).
Azo pigments are important in a variety of plastics, rubbers, and paints (including artist's paints). They have excellent coloring properties, mainly in the yellow to red range, as well as good lightfastness. The lightfastness depends not only on the properties of the organic azo compound, but also on the way they have been absorbed on the pigment carrier.
In order for dyes to be useful, they must possess a high degree of chemical and photolytic stability. As a result of this stability, photolysis is not considered to be a degradation pathway for azo dyes. In order to prolong the lifetime of products dyed with azo dyes, it is essential to ensure stability against microbial attack, and tests have shown that azo dyes biodegrade negligibly in short term tests under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, however, discoloration may be observed as a consequence of biodegradation.[6]
Safety and regulation[edit]
Many azo pigments are non-toxic, although some, such as dinitroaniline orange, ortho-nitroaniline orange, or pigment orange 1, 2, and 5 are mutagenic and carcinogenic.[7][8]
Azo dyes derived from benzidine are carcinogens; exposure to them has classically been associated with bladder cancer.[9] Accordingly, the production of benzidine azo dyes was discontinued in the 1980s in many western countries.[10]
European regulation[edit]
Certain azo dyes degrade under reductive conditions to release any of a group of defined aromatic amines. Consumer goods which contain listed aromatic amines originating from azo dyes were prohibited from manufacture and sale in European Union countries in September 2003. As only a small number of dyes contained an equally small number of amines, relatively few products were affected.[2]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "azo compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00560
 2. ^ a b European Ban on Certain Azo Dyes Archived 2012-08-13 at the Wayback Machine, Dr. A. Püntener and Dr. C. Page, Quality and Environment, TFL
 3. ^ a b Klaus Hunger, Peter Mischke, Wolfgang Rieper, et al.: "Azo Dyes" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/_PHONE_.a03_245.
 4. ^ Paola Gilli; Valerio Bertolasi; Loretta Pretto; et al. (2002). "The Nature of Solid-State N−H···O/O−H···N Tautomeric Competition in Resonant Systems. Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bonds Formed by the ···OC−CN−NH··· ⇄ ···HO−CC−NN··· Ketohydrazone−Azoenol System. A Variable-Temperature X-ray Crystallographic and DFT Computational Study". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (45): 13554–13567. doi:10.1021/ja020589x. PMID _PHONE_.
 5. ^ H. T. Clarke; W. R. Kirner (1941). "Methyl Red". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 1, p. 374
 6. ^ Bafana, Amit; Devi, Sivanesan Saravana; Chakrabarti, Tapan (2011-09-28). "Azo dyes: past, present and the future". Environmental Reviews. 19 (NA): 350–371. doi:10.1139/a11-018. ISSN _PHONE_.
 7. ^ Tucson University. "Health & Safety in the Arts, A Searchable Database of Health & Safety Information for Artists". Tucson University Studies. Archived from the original on 2009-05-10.
 8. ^ Eva Engel; Heidi Ulrich; Rudolf Vasold; et al. (2008). "Azo Pigments and a Basal Cell Carcinoma at the Thumb". Dermatology. 216 (1): 76–80. doi:10.1159/000109363. PMID _PHONE_.
 9. ^ Golka, K.; Kopps, S.; Myslak, Z. W. (June 2004). "Carcinogenicity of azo colorants: influence of solubility and bioavailability". Toxicology Letters. 151 (1): 203–10. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.11.016. PMID _PHONE_. Review.
 10. ^. doi:10.1002/_PHONE_.a03_245. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)


US FDA releases draft guidance on real-world evidence and medical device regulation decisions
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has released a draft guidance document entitled "Use of Real-World Evidence to Support Regulatory Decision-Making for Medical Devices".
According to an email from the consumer watchdog, the document is intended to clarify "how the FDA determines that real-world data may be sufficient for use in premarket and postmarket regulatory decisions, without changing the evidentiary standards we use to make those decisions.
The email states, "Real-world data, which are collected from sources outside of traditional clinical trials, can provide powerful insight into the benefits and risks of medical devices, including how they are used by health care providers and patients."
The draft guidance details how the FDA plans to evaluate real-world data, in order to decide whether it such evidence is sufficiently relevant and reliable to inform regulatory decisions. Giving "generalised" examples of the use of actual real-world data in regulatory decision-making, the document seeks to determine the validity of such data as scientific evidence.
The document goes on to explain when Investigational Device Exemption status might be necessary for the prospective collection and use of real-world data in the evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of a device.
The FDA claims that this guidance document is "a cornerstone of our strategic priority of creating a national evaluation system for medical devices." This system, the email states, would "build on and leverage the vast amount of data and information collected during the treatment and management of patients."
The FDA welcomes comments regarding the draft guidance document. The notice of availability is due to be published in the Federal Register on 7/27/16, and the docket for receiving comments will be open for 90 days from that date.


Tax Deductible Travel Expenses for Continuing Education
If it's work-related education, you may be able to write it off.
Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images
Learning is a lifelong process -- and in many professional fields, lifelong learning is mandatory. Architects, real-estate agents, nurses and accountants typically have continuing education requirements, for instance. You can take the cost of continuing education classes as a tax write-off. That includes the cost of traveling to attend classes and seminars.
Tax Forms
If you're self-employed, you write off continuing education expenses on Schedule C, like your other business expenses. If you're an employee, you write the expenses off by itemizing on Schedule A. Work expenses are a 2 percent deduction on Schedule A, along with tax-preparation costs and investment fees. You add all such deductions together, subtract 2 percent of your adjusted gross income and write off the rest. If your total is less than 2 percent of your AGI, there's no write-off this year.
Local Transportation
If your continuing ed is a local class, you deduct local travel costs. That includes buses, taxis, subway rides, and the cost of driving your car to school. You can take either a 56.5 cents a mile write-off, or claim the actual costs of driving to class. If your classes will wrap up in less than a year, you can take the round-trip costs of going from home to class, or home to work to class to home. With classes that last longer, you can only write off the journey from work to school, and only one way.
Long Distance
If you have to travel out of town overnight for your seminar, the costs of travel are still deductible. You can also write off lodging and up to half the cost of your meals. This only works if you spend most of your trip on business. If you take a sightseeing trip or dinner with friends during a week-long seminar, you're probably safe. A one-day class followed by five days of partying might raise IRS eyebrows.
Other Limits
If your boss reimburses you for your trip, you can't take the write-off. It's the same rule if a client pays you to take continuing ed. You can bring someone along with you to an out-of-town seminar, but you can't take a write-off for his expenses unless he works for you or has a business purpose on the trip. Bringing a spouse for company is acceptable, but deducting his expenses as a business write-off is not.


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Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja)
- Roseate spoonbills grow to a height of 32 inches (81 cm), with an average wingspan of 50 inches (127 cm). Their distinguishing characteristics include their pink body and legs, white neck and breast. pale green bald head, spoon-shaped bill, and bright red shoulder patch.
- Life History
Roseate spoonbills eat primarily small fish and crustaceans. Raccoons and coyotes eat roseate spoonbill eggs and young. Spoonbills reach sexual maturity at approximately 16 weeks. In Texas, their mating season lasts from March through June. Nests are built in thick vegetation above water; are well-built, and deeply cupped. Females typically lay two to five brown-speckled white eggs, which hatch after about 24 days. In about eight weeks, the young roseate spoonbills are ready to fly. Their life span is as long as ten years.
Unlike most birds, roseate spoonbills are silent and often solitary when they feed. They swish their spoon-shaped bills back and forth in the water to find small invertebrates, fish and crustaceans. During breeding season, the male uses gifts of nesting material to attract the female. Once mated, the pair remains monogamous. Both male and female take turns sitting on the eggs and feeding the young.
Spoonbills eat shrimp, shrimp eat algae, and the algae make their own red and yellow pigments, called carotenoids. Some scientists believe that the pink coloration that roseate spoonbills acquire as they mature is due to their diet of carotenoid-rich organisms like shrimp. The more they eat, the pinker they get. Flamingos are close relatives of the roseate spoonbill. They both have pink feathers, but the flamingos are much larger, with a longer neck.
- From March through October, roseate spoonbills prefer the bays, marshes and estuaries along the Gulf Coast. Occasionally they will travel inland through the eastern third of Texas. In winter, most roseate spoonbills migrate to Central and South America.
- The roseate spoonbill is found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico coastline, south to Central America, South America, and the West Indies.
- Like many other bird species with beautiful plumage, roseate spoonbills were nearly hunted to extinction during the 1800s. Their striking pink feathers were popular on women's hats, and hunters from all over the United States competed for spoonbill plumes. In the early 1900s, roseate spoonbills began to recolonize areas along the Gulf Coast and slowly increase in number. Today, threats to roseate spoonbill populations come as a result of habitat loss.


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Family History and Research
About the Name and Coat of Arms
Other versions of the crest are found in various references. At St. John's Parish Church on Jersey, there is a wood carving of it and several other prominent Jersey fief surnames. One branch of the family (associated with La Maison du Mont Protre may have abandoned or never used the spur. It apears to display roses. A postage stamp published by the Jersey Post also displays the roses as the Poingdestre crest wthout the fist and spur.
The Poingdestre Family Coat of Arms can trace its roots back to ancient times where it was probably carried onto the battlefield with honor and chivalry to defend family, allies, King and country. The coat of arms of the Poingdestre Family of the Isle of Jersey, from which many of the Poindexter families of America are descended, is described as follows from Burke's General Armory 1884 (2):
The Earliest "Poingdestre"
Landers (1) says "evidence indicates that the name is actually endemic to Jersey, no traces of its early use existing elsewhere on the mainland of France or England". The earliest record he cites is 1250 in the archives at St. Lô in Normandy, that mentions that Geoffrey and Raoul Poingdestre are land owners in Jersey.
However, Landers did publish over 25 years ago. Recent research by Dr. Judith Everard (3) indicates a Ppe Roll (a skin or parchment on which information was written and stored rolled up to look like a modern day pipe) reports Ricardus Poingdestre, in the Bayeux District of the Bessin in Normandy (Lower Normandy) in 1180 and in 1195. Ricardus appears on Page 5, in the book "Pipe Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy for the Reign of Henry ll, 1180 and 1184". The pipe roll was researched by The Royal Pipe Role Society and published in 2004. Judith also reported that the surname also appears in a pipe roll during the rule of Henry l which has not yet been published.
Dr. Everard is co-author of the book "Jersey 1204-The Forging of an Island Community" (3). Eight hundred years ago, Duke John of Normandy (aka King John of England) lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Phillip of France. This event was crucial to Jersey's development to what it is today. In the years following 1204, families with lands in Normandy and Jersey were forced to abandon lands in Jersey if loyal to Phillip Augustus or in Normandy if loyal to John. Some families were able to split the lands between two sons, thus creating a split in family genealogies. This may have happened as there are Poingdestre/Poindexter's in France today (some of these however may have descended from a family that left Jersey and moved to the Cotinin Pennisula of Normandy in the 1500's. The Jersey 1204 book talks about such land divisions, but does not follow or mention the Poingdestre family.
The Name "Poingdestre"
The name Poingdestre is claimed by some authorities to have been derived from the Latin word "punge", meaning to "Spur" and the French word "destrier", meaning "a steed or Courser". Its literal meaning under this reasoning would be "Spur the Steed" and it would probably have been originally used as a nickname. It is considered more probable, however, that the name originated in the heraldic term 'point dexter' one of the nine chief local points of escutcheon or shield. The name is also frequently given the significance of "the right hand" from this last mentioned source, dexter being the heraldic term for 'right'.
From the web site "_URL_", POINDEXTER is described thus:
(origin: Fr.) The same as Hotspur, or spur the steed; point being derived from pungo, to pierce, to prick; and dexter, right, as opposed to left; a word expressive of readiness of limbs, adroitness, expertness, and skill.
Today, you will find Poingdestre's around the world, in Australia, New Zealand, England and even in America. But you find few Poindexter's outside the U.S. where our immigrant's Latinize version is used.
Poingdestre or Poindexter?
According to Landers (1), educated persons of the Renaissance would Latinize their surname to, as we would add Dr. to the begriming or our name or "PhD" at the end. Poindexter is the Latinized form of the old Jersey surname Poingdestre. Since our immigrant, George, was educated at Oxford, he probably used the Latin form in his business dealings, and somehow that is the form that stuck with us, his American descendants.
During medieval times, the name was pronounced Pon'-dest, with a Norman French accent, of course. Today, in the Isle of Jersey, it is pronounced Pon-chess-ter or Pon-des-ter, depending which branch you are asking on Jersey. While touring Jersey in 1998, the webmaster found residents of Jersey instantly recognizing and pronouncing my American spelled name as if it was spelled as it is in Jersey. One ticket taker at Gorey Castle informed me that I spelled it wrong!
The Jersey Datestones Project has an example of a marriage stone between Jean Poingdestre and Elizabeth Touzel as seen here and on the Project's web page with a more detailed description.
To add content to the PDA Web Site's Family History and Research section, contact the webmaster.


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Printing and Scanning in the Libraries
All libraries on campus are equipped with "bookscan stations," which allow you to scan documents and save them to a USB drive, or to scan documents and then send them to a printer.
In order to scan documents, you must have the following:
- A Cal 1 Card, with money loaded onto it (go here to make a deposit to your Cal 1 Card account). This is not the same as meal plan points! Your Cal 1 Card debit account is a separate fund on your card.
- A USB drive (you cannot email a scanned document from a bookscan station; you must save your document to a USB drive)
- Scanning and saving to a USB drive is 5 cents a page for students.
- Scanning documents and sending them to the printer is 10 cents a page for students. Color printing is 60 cents a page.
In order to send documents to the printer from any of the public computers in the libraries, you must have the following:
- A Cal 1 Card, with money loaded onto it (see above)
- A document that's on the Web or attached to your email (the public computers in the libraries will not open files from a USB or other drive)
- Printing is 10 cents a page for students (black and white). Color printing is 60 cents a page.
Have more questions? There's more info here.
1. Read an introduction to the campus libraries for undergraduates.
2. Set up your computer for off campus access to library databases.
4. Each library has its own hours and they may change on holidays and between semesters - click on the calendar for each library to view a month at a time.
5. Information about citing your sources and links to guides for frequently used citation styles here.
Beyond the Web
"It's all free on the Internet, right? Why should I go through the library's website to find sources for my paper?"
The Web is a great source for free, publicly available information. However, the Library pays for thousands of electronic books, journals, and other information resources that are available only to the campus community. Through the Library website, you can access hundreds of different licensed databases containing journal articles, electronic books, maps, images, government and legal information, current and historical newspapers, digitized primary sources, and more.
You access these resources through the Internet, using a browser like Firefox, Chrome or Internet Explorer -- but these databases are not part of the free, public Web. Resources like Lexis-Nexis, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, and ARTstor are "invisible" to Google. You will not see results from most library databases in the results of a Google search.


How to use Array Formulas with Google Forms
Robert Gagliano, Customer Success Manager
Apr 5, 2021
The ARRAYFORMULA in Google Sheets can be incredibly useful when used in conjunction with Google Forms.
Each time a form submission is made, Google Forms will store your form response data within Google Sheets. But, in some cases you may need to calculate additional data based on what was entered by your users. For example, your users may enter the cost of items, and you want to calculate the tax or the total cost of those items. You could calculate the sum of two columns with a standard formula like =L2+N2 and copy the formula down manually each time a form submission is made. However, ARRAYFORMULA is about to make your life a whole lot easier.
Google Sheets defines an ARRAYFORMULA as enabling the display of values returned from an array formula into multiple rows and/or columns and the use of non-array functions with arrays. In laymans terms, you can perform calculations across a large range of data without ever having to copy and paste the formula. The formula may look intimidating, but don't worry I'll show you an example.
Example of a calculated Total field:
To set up a basic Total field that sums the values in two columns (column L and column N), your array formula would be =ARRAYFORMULA(L2:L+N2:N). For Row 2, this will calculate the sum of L2 and N2. For Row 3, this will calculate the sum of L3 and N3, and so on.
You'll notice however that this leaves a bunch of unwanted zeros for rows without data. To remove the zeros, we can add an IF statement so that it only shows a Total for the rows that contain data. To do this, your array formula becomes =ARRAYFORMULA(IF(L2:L<>"",L2:L+N2:N,"")). With the IF statement, it will first check that the value in Column L is not equal to an empty value (<> means "is not equal to"). So, if it's not an empty value it will sum the two cells, otherwise it will leave it blank.
array formula example
Can I use calculated fields in Form Approvals?
I'm glad you asked - you absolutely can.
Once you have added the formula column to your spreadsheet, the add-on will automatically start including the data on email notifications.
You can also include the data within the subject of email notifications or your attachment templates by using the column header value between << and >> markers. For example, if you named the column Total, you would use the marker <>.
Tip 1: The add-on will ignore any column to the right of the Request # and Overall Status columns. So make sure your form response and formula columns are always positioned to the left of the Request # column.
Tip 2: The add-on will present information in your email notifications based on the order of questions in your spreadsheet (i.e order of columns from left to right). To reorder the questions, simply drag the column to another position.
reorder columns