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Applying Efficient MapReduce Testing to Create Robust Big Data Systems
In the era of Big data, MapReduce, a programming model to perform large-scale data processing, has become widespread across various industries such as healthcare, banking, and retail. Applications of MapReduce in such industries include machine learning data analysis, data syncs, and asynchronous task execution. Because MapReduces handle enormous data, errors in their execution can potentially corrupt an organization's entire data system. Therefore, it is crucial for computer scientists and IT professionals to establish good testing techniques to catch these errors in advance. In this talk, we will highlight three major categories of bugs that plague MapReduces. In order to avoid these bugs and produce robust data systems, we will discuss four important testing strategies: counter-based testing, QA environment testing, hermetic environment testing, and AB testing. The presentation will conclude with an in-depth analysis of the AB testing method and its strength in detecting all three types of MapReduce bugs.


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Where To Go
Featured posts display first in feed blocks and at the top of the feed in classes and groups for the duration that is scheduled as featured. After this time period, the post will return to its chronological order in the feed. You may also hide this post from the feed when outside the featured dates.
To add a schedule a post to appear and disappear from your class Feed, you will log in to your site and click on the class tile. Click Feed.
You can also add a post from within the Manage Public Pages > Feed area.
What To Do
- Click in the text field and enter a Title for your post.
- Enter text body for the post (if applicable).
- Click Attach to add attachments to your post.
- Select the location of your file(s): Class Resources, My Files or My Device.
- From Class Resources or My Files, choose your file(s) from the list and click Add. From My Device, Browse and select your file(s) and click Upload.
- If you add multiple images to the post, you can:
- Use the arrows on the left of each image to reorder them.
- Click the pencil icon to add a caption to an image.
- Click the trash can icon to remove the image.
- Choose where your post can be seen:
- Select Post to private and public feed to have it display in both locations on your site.
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- Click Advanced Visibility Options.
- Select Feature this post.
- Enter the date and time to start featuring the post.
- If you wish to hide the post after the a specified date, select Hide this post when outside the featured dates.
- Click Create Post.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Spreading messages of hope, health and strength to help prevent suicide
By Megan Pauly
NAMI MC staff partnered with umttr to participate in the International Convention of United Synagogue Youth in Baltimore recently, educating the students about an evidence-based suicide prevention program called Sources of Strength so they could bring the program to their respective schools and synagogues. Around 70 kids from across the world participated.
Sources of Strength utilizes the power of peer social networks to change unhealthy norms, increase connectedness, and increase help-seeking behavior to ultimately prevent suicide, bullying, and substance abuse. It is one of the nation's most rigorously researched peer leader programs and is on SAMHSA's National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices – the nation's highest level of prevention programs.
According to the World Health Organization, mental illness is the leading cause of disability and research has shown that half of all lifetime cases of mental disorders begin by age fourteen. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that suicide is the third leading cause of death for youth ages ten to twenty-four. For every death by suicide there are twenty-five attempts. Over ninety percent of youth that die by suicide have a mental disorder.
Sources of Strength addresses these needs by empowering youth to change unhealthy attitudes toward adults and helps them learn to rely on protective factors that help in times of need. Sources of Strength works because students are the driving force of the program. Peer leaders are trained to be connecters within their peer networks: agents of change. Adult advisors are identified to guide the students in their Sources of Strength activities.
All Sources of Strength meetings have one part fun, one part sharing, and one part planning. The fun is achieved through quick team-building games and lots of laughter. The sharing portion creates bonding and trust among peers and adults. It also helps peer leaders use Sources of Strength language and concepts as they describe their own ups and downs in life. Stories that are shared touch the hearts of peer leaders and motivate them to reach out to their peers and stay involved. The planning portion is for determining how the peer leaders will circulate these protective factors to the rest of their school and community. Peer leaders are given creative leeway to create messages and activities that will resonate with their peers. Adult advisors are there to help guide the peer leaders in the creation of these campaigns and ensure that they embody the Sources of Strength philosophy of hope, help, and strength instead of focusing on sad, shock, and trauma-based messaging.


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What is Zevalin used for?
- A type of cancer of the lymphatic system called CD20 positive follicular B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
Zevalin may be used when the lymphoma has not responded to or has come back (relapsed) after treatment with rituximab or rituximab plus chemotherapy.
Zevalin may also be used for lymphomas of this type that have shown a good response to first-line chemotherapy. This is known as consolidation therapy. It improves the response to the treatment, helping the cancer stay in remission for longer.
How does Zevalin work?
Zevalin infusion contains Yttrium-90 radiolabelled ibritumomab, which is a type of medicine known as a radiolabelled monclonal antibody. This means that it is a monclonal antibody that has been combined with a radioactive substance. It is used to treat a type of cancer called non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
Lymphomas are cancers involving white blood cells called lymphocytes. Cancer occurs when these lymphocytes, for some reason, begin to multiply in an uncontrolled way. This can cause a lump or tumour in the lymph nodes. Lymphocytes are normally involved in fighting infection and they travel around the lymphatic system and the bloodstream to do this. If abnormal cancerous lymphocytes travel, the cancer can spread to other lymph nodes and other areas of the body.
Zevalin is used to treat non-Hodgkins lymphoma that involves a sub-group of lymphocytes called B lymphocytes. It works by targeting radiation to attack the abnormal B lymphocytes.
Ibritumomab works in a similar way to the natural antibodies produced by our immune system. Our natural antibodies recognise foreign invaders and bind to them, helping our immune systems to attack them and protect us from infections. Monoclonal antibodies like ibritumomab are made in laboratories and are designed to recognise particular proteins in a similar way.
Ibritumomab specifically recognises and binds to a protein called CD20, which is found on the surface of cancerous B lymphocyte cells. The ibritumomab is combined with a radioisotope called Yttrium-90 or Y-90. This produces radiation that is strong enough to destroy cancer cells. When the ibritumomab binds to the cancerous B cells, radiation energy from the Y-90 is released that damages or kills the B cell, as well as other cancerous cells in the nearby area.
Unfortunately ibritumomab can also bind to healthy B cells, because these also carry the CD20 protein. For this reason, a similar medicine called rituximab (Mabthera) is given as pre-treatment before Zevalin. Rituximab is another monoclonal antibody that recognises and binds to the CD20 protein on B cells. It does not carry radiation; it simply causes the immune system to attack the B cells in the blood circulation. This reduces the numbers of healthy B cells and enables the Zevalin to deliver radiation more specifically to cancerous B cells in the lymph tissue.
Stem cells (the cells in the bone marrow that develop into various types of cells, including B cells) do not have the CD20 protein, so the body quickly replaces any normal healthy white blood cells that have been damaged by the treatment.
How is Zevalin given?
- Zevalin is a one-off treatment given as a drip into a vein (intravenous infusion). Two trips to the hospital will be needed.
- On the first visit you will be given a drip containing rituximab. On the second visit, about a week later, another dose of rituximab is given, followed by the Zevalin drip. This takes about ten minutes. You do not usually have to stay in hospital after having Zevalin.
Important information about Zevalin
- Molecules called cytokines may be released into the body when the B lymphocytes are destroyed by rituximab. This can lead to severe reactions such as shortness of breath, fever, chills, rash and a fall in blood pressure. You will usually be given some painkillers, antihistamine and possibly steroids before the rituximab drip to help prevent a reaction. Infusion–related reactions due to Zevalin are less common and less severe, however, you should let the person administering your drip know if you have any symptoms during any of the treatments.
- This medicine can decrease the number of blood cells in your blood. A low white blood cell count can increase your susceptibility to infections; a low red blood cell count causes anaemia and a low platelet count can cause problems with blood clotting. You will need to have a blood test to check the levels of your blood cells before you have treatment with this medicine and at regular intervals after the treatment. You should tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms during or after your treatment, as they may indicate problems with your blood cells: unexplained bruising or bleeding, purple spots, sore mouth or throat, mouth ulcers, high temperature (fever) or other signs of infection, or suddenly feeling tired, breathless, or generally unwell.
- The amount of radiation that your body will be exposed to during a course of Zevalin is smaller than it would be with radiotherapy. It is not possible for other people to be exposed to this radiation by being in contact with you after your treatment. However, as a precaution you may be advised to avoid close contact with others for a couple of days after the treatment. Some of the radiation does leave your body in your body fluids, including your blood, urine, faeces, saliva, semen and vaginal fluid. For this reason it is important to take a few precautions for a few days after the treatment, including flushing the toilet twice and thoroughly washing your hands after going to the toilet, clearing up any spilled urine or blood, using condoms and avoiding oral sex. Ask your doctor for further advice.
- This medicine may be harmful to an unborn baby. Women who could get pregnant must use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy and men must use an effective method of contraception to avoid fathering a child, both during treatment and for 12 months after treatment with this medicine is finished.
- Your ability to get pregnant or father a child may be affected by treatment with this medicine. It is important to discuss fertility with your doctor before starting treatment.
Zevalin should be used with caution in
- People with decreased production of blood cells by the bone marrow.
Zevalin should not be used in
- Children and adolescents under 18 years of age.
- People who are allergic to rituximab or mouse proteins.
- People with low numbers of blood cells called neutrophils and platelets in their blood.
- People in whom more than 25 per cent of the bone marrow has been invaded by the cancer cells.
- People who have had external beam radiation treatment of more than 25 per cent of their bone marrow.
- People who have had a bone marrow transplant or stem cell support.
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.
If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction after having this medicine, inform your doctor or nurse immediately.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
- This medicine may be harmful to an unborn baby. It must not be given to pregnant women. If you have missed a period or think you could be pregnant you must inform your doctor before your treatment starts. Women who could get pregnant must use an effective method of contraception to avoid pregnancy and men must use an effective method of contraception to avoid fathering a child, both during treatment and for 12 months after treatment with this medicine is finished. Seek further medical advice from your doctor.
- It is not known if this medicine passes into breast milk. However, because it may pass into breast milk and harm a nursing infant, it should not be given to women who are breastfeeding. Women who have had treatment with this medicine should not breastfeed. Seek further medical advice from your doctor.
Possible side effects of Zevalin
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
- Decreased numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets in the blood. See the important information section above.
- Disturbances of the gut such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, indigestion.
- Fever and chills.
- Feeling weak.
- Loss of appetite.
- Pain in the muscles, joints, back, neck or tumour.
- Difficulty sleeping (insomnia).
- Nasal inflammation (rhinitis).
- Rash or itching.
- Increased sweating.
- Increased heart rate.
- Severe allergic reactions.
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the medicine's manufacturer. For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.
If you think you have experienced a side effect from a medicine or vaccine you should check the


Read Next
Rewriting a Job Posting
Here's the original, unedited version -
Setting a Good Example
On Gorilla Tactics
The whippings will continue until morale improves!
Ok, not quite what I'm talking about. The question this article will address is "How to I ensure a consistent level of quality across all work on the project?" The answer is, as some of you smart readers may have figured out, is to set an example of the quality level you demand. This is similar to what I said in a previous article about telling people what a good job looks like, except in this case you are showing them.
Ok, you're on board, you're riding the gravy train with me, but how do you make it happen? Let's use asset creation on the Kung Fu Kingdom project as a case study because it is easy to understand.
Kung Fu Kingdom Animations The Kung Fu Kingdom project has some fantastic models done by Andrew Gardner. These models are rigged by Joe McCormick and then are animated before being cel-shaded and rendered by John Corbett. The problem is, animation is a huge bottleneck for us.
Animation is one of those disciplines where it is extremely difficult to attain even basic competency in organic animation; in a humanoid animation, if even the slightest thing is wrong our subconscious will pick up on it and we will say "That looks strange" or "Something just isn't right." Because of this it is extremely difficult to find highly skilled and experienced volunteer animators. Our project has a couple of university trained animators, but none of them have much, if any, professional experience. The raw talent is there, but it has not been refined. This means the number of iterations of making changes, submitted those changes for feedback, and then making the additional requested changes will be extremely high. Each of these iterations takes time because they will not only be redoing animations they have already worked on, but the communication of this feedback itself takes time. If we can cut down on the amount of communication necessary in order to achieve a desirable result, the amount of time required to complete these animations would be reduced significantly. We do that by providing an example that the animators can measure their work by without having to communicate with other people.
Rendering New Theme...


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professional settings
|Can be a form of rebellion against traditional gender roles
|Can be uncomfortable and impractical to wear for extended periods of time
Ultimately, the meaning of red high heels is up to the individual wearer. Whether worn for personal empowerment or to adhere to societal norms, red high heels remain a powerful symbol of femininity and strength.
The Role of Red High Heels in the Feminist Movement
For years, high heels have been seen as a symbol of oppression and objectification of women. However, in recent times, red high heels have taken on a new meaning within the feminist movement. This section will examine the role of red high heels in the feminist movement and what they represent for women today.
- Women's empowerment: Red high heels represent confidence and badassery. When a woman wears red high heels, she's communicating "I am powerful, and I am in control." It's a symbol of her confidence and ability to take on the world.
- Protest: Women have worn red high heels as a form of protest. For example, the "Walk a Mile in Her Shoes" march started in 2001 and has grown to become a global movement where men march in red heels to raise awareness about rape, sexual assault, and gender-based violence. Women have also worn red high heels to protests for equal pay and reproductive rights.
- Supporting women-owned businesses: Many women-owned businesses now specialize in making high-quality, comfortable, and stylish red high heels for women. By purchasing these shoes, women are supporting other women in the business world and promoting gender equality.
In addition to the above, red high heels can also be seen as a tool for subversion. By wearing high heels that traditionally represented subordination, women are reclaiming them and turning them into a symbol of female power. However, it's important to note that not all women choose to wear high heels, and that's perfectly okay too. Above all, the feminist movement advocates for women having the freedom to make choices that are not dictated by societal norms or expectations.
Finally, let's take a look at the impact of red high heels in mainstream culture. In 2015, the "National Go Red for Women Day" was celebrated on February 6th, where women were encouraged to wear red to raise awareness about heart disease in women. This resulted in a trend of women wearing red high heels as well, which further solidified the connection between red high heels and women's empowerment.
|• Red high heels are a symbol of women's empowerment and confidence
|• Red high heels have been used in protests as a form of activism
|• Supporting women-owned businesses that specialize in making high-quality, stylish red heels promotes gender equality
To conclude, red high heels have evolved from being a symbol of oppression to a symbol of women's empowerment, confidence, and activism. Women continue to use red high heels as a vehicle for challenging societal norms and promoting gender equality.
FAQs: What do Red High Heels Symbolize?
1. Are red high heels always associated with passion and sensuality?
Yes, red is a color that commonly represents passion, love, and sensuality. Red high heels are often used as a symbol of these emotions.
2. Can red high heels also symbolize power and confidence?
Yes, red is a bold and powerful color. Red high heels can represent confidence, power, and strength.
3. Are there any cultural or historical reasons for red high heels being a symbol?
Red high heels have been around for centuries and were first popularized by European aristocracy. They also have a strong association with French culture and fashion.
4. Do red high heels only come in stiletto styles?
No, red high heels can come in a variety of styles and heights. Stiletto heels are popular, but there are also chunky heels, wedges, and even flats in red.
5. Can red high heels be worn for professional occasions?
Yes, as long as they are worn in a tasteful and appropriate way, red high heels can be worn to professional events and workplaces. They can even symbolize confidence and power in a professional setting.
6. Are red high heels only for women?
No, men can also wear red high heels if they choose to. Red is a gender-neutral color and anyone can wear it.
7. Why do some people feel empowered or confident when wearing red high heels?
This could be due to the association with power and confidence that the color red has. Additionally, high heels can often make a person feel taller and more powerful, which can lead to feelings of empowerment.
Closing Title: Thanks for Reading!
We hope these FAQs helped clarify what red high heels symbolize and why they are so popular. Whether you are looking to express your passion and sensuality or your power and confidence, a pair of red high heels is always a stylish choice. Thank you for reading and be sure to come back for more fashion insights and tips!


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At a given step, the parameter space can be pruned most by resolving the variable with the largest constrained set.
Application of the third observation, in a search algorithm results in greedy pruning of the parameter space. We note that greedy pruning is only optimal for a given step of the algorithm and is not guaranteed to result in the optimal reduction of the overall complexity of the search.
We now make a final remark before presenting the search algorithm. In particular, we have observed that finding constrained sets for each variable in each step of the algorithm can be somewhat time consuming. A very effective alternative is to first sort matrix, column-wise, in descending order of the number of's in each column. Setting the "most important" head variable (with the highest ) to is likely to result in the largest constrained set (because it potentially overlaps with many other variables) and hence, many variables will be resolved in the next recursion. We will refer to the approach based on finding the largest constrained set as the greedy pruning strategy and to the alterative approach as the sorted pruning search strategy.
The greedy pruning search strategy is shown in Figure 1, which with appropriate modifications can also represent the sorted pruning variation.Let denote the problem of size whose input is an receiver-packet incidence matrix and whose output is a set of solutions of the form of length which satisfy the instantaneous decodability condition. The algorithms can be described as shown in Algorithm 1.
Algorithm 1: Recursive search for the optimal solution(s) of (4).
() Start with the original problem of size.
() if sorted pruning strategy is desired then
() Rearrange the variables inin descending order of packet importance (number of's in each column).
() end if
Return (since the variable is not constrained).
if greedy pruning strategy is desired then
Determine the constrained set for all variables to.
Denote the index of the variable with the largest constrained set by and the cardinality of its constrained
set by.
(13) Determine the constrained set for the head variablewith cardinalityand also the set of unconstrained
variables (Note that we have overused index 1 to refer to the head variable in the reordered matrix at each
(15) Denote the cardinality of the unconstrained setby.
(16) Set all the unconstrained variables to 1.
(17) Setand the variables in its corresponding constrained setto 0.
(18) Reduce the problem by removing resolved variables. Reduceaccordingly.
(19) Solve(Note thatunconstrained variables are set to one,andvariables constrained by
are set to zero, hence a total ofvariables are resolved.).
(20) Combine the solution with previously resolved variables. Save solution.
(22) Reduce the problem by removing resolved variables. Reduceaccordingly.
(23) Solve(Note thatunconstrained variables are set to one and, hence a total ofvariables
(24) Combine the solution with previously resolved variables. Return solution(s).
(25) end if
In the appendix, we prove by structural induction that Algorithm 1 is guaranteed to return all optimal solutions of (4). However, we note that not every solution returned by Algorithm 1 is optimal. The nonoptimal solutions can be easily discarded by testing against the objective function (4) at the end of the algorithm. We also note that in Algorithm 1, we can simply remove those packets received by every receiver from the problem. If there are such variables, we can start step above from instead of. The Matlab code for both the greedy and sorted pruning algorithms can be found at _URL_
We conclude this section by a brief note on the computational complexity of Algorithm 1. Let us denote the number of recursions required to solve the problem of size by. According to Algorithm 1, this problem is always broken into two smaller problems of size and. Therefore, one can find the number of recursions required to solve by recursively computing. The recursion stops when one reaches a problem of size 1 (only one packet to transmit) where.
4. Adaptive Network Coding in the Presence of Erasure Memory
Here, we present a generalization of the set packing approach for coded transmission in erasure channels with memory. The idea is that the importance of a packet is no longer determined by how many receivers need, but by the probability that will be successfully decoded by the receivers that need it. In computing this probability, one can use the fact that successive channel erasures in a link are usually correlated with each other and hence, their history can be used to make predictions about whether a receiver is going to experience erasure or not in the next time slot. To present the idea, we focus on the GEC model for representing channel erasures. More general memory models for erasure can also be incorporated into our framework.
We define the reward of sending a packet to receiver as the probability of successful reception by in the next time slot:, where is the state of in the previous transmission round (Statements like "state of " should be interpreted as the state of the physical link connecting the source to.). The total reward or importance of sending packet is then
The above weight vector gives higher priority to a packet for which there is a higher chance of successful reception, because the receivers that need are more likely to be in good state in the next time slot. With this newly defined weight vector, one can try to solve the optimization problem given in (4) under the same instantaneous decodability condition.
We conclude this section by emphasizing that the optimization framework in (4) is very flexible in accommodating other possibilities for the weight vector, which can be appropriately determined based on the application. For example, instead of allocating the same weight to a packet needed by a subset of receivers, one can allocate different weights to the same packet (looking column-wise at ) depending on the priorities or demands of each user. In the map update example described in the Introduction, different emergency units can adaptively flag to the base station different parts of the map as more or less important depending on their distance from a certain disaster zone. The task of the base station is then to send a packet combination that satisfies the largest total priority. One can also combine user-dependent packet weights with the channel state prediction outcomes in a GEC. One possibility is to multiply the probabilities by the receiver priority. It could then turn out that although a receiver is more likely to be in erasure in the next transmission round, it may be served because of a high priority request.
5. Heuristic Search Algorithms
In Section 3.2, we proposed efficient search algorithms for finding the optimal solution(s) of (4). However, there may be situations where one would like to obtain a (possibly suboptimal) solution much more quickly. This may be the case, for example, when the total number of packets to be transmitted is very large. Therefore, designing efficient heuristic algorithms to complement the optimal search is important. In this section, we propose a number of such heuristics.
5.1. Heuristic 1—Weight Sorted Heuristic Algorithm
The idea behind this recursive algorithm is very simple. As in Algorithm 1, we start with the original problem of size. We then rearrange the columns of the matrix in descending order of (starting from the packet with the highest weight). Note that this is different from the sorted pruning version of the Algorithm 1, in which the columns of were sorted in descending order of to potentially result in large constrained sets. We then set the head variable and find its corresponding constrained set to resolve variables that are to be set to zero. We then solve the smaller problem of size and continue until the problem cannot be further reduced. One main difference between Heuristic 1 and Algorithm 1 is that at each recursion, the head variable is only set to one; the other possibility of is not pursued at all. In a sense, this heuristic algorithm finds greedy solutions to the problem at each recursion by serving the highest priority packet. In this heuristic algorithm, all unconstrained variables are naturally set to 1 in the course of the algorithm. The computational complexity of this method is at worst proportional to, which can happen when there is no constraint between packets.
5.2. Heuristic 2—Search Algorithm 1 with Maximum Recursions/Elapsed Time
It is possible to terminate the recursive search Algorithm 1 prematurely once it reaches a maximum number of allowed recursions/elapsed time. If the algorithm reaches this value and the search is not complete, it performs a termination procedure whereby it heuristically resolves the remaining unresolved packets in the current incomplete solution. That is, it performs Heuristic 1 on a smaller problem, which is yet to be solved. It then returns the best solution that has been found so far. We note that due the extra termination procedure, the actual number of recursions/elapsed time can be (slightly) higher than the preset value.
Two comments are in order here. Firstly, Algorithm 1 is designed to sort the matrix based on the number of receivers that need a packet. It only reverts to sorting the unresolved variables based on the vector in the termination process. Secondly, if the maximum number of recursions is set to one, Algorithm 1 just performs the termination process and becomes identical to Heuristic 1.
5.3. Heuristic 3—Dynamic Number of Recursions
This heuristic is based on Heuristic 2, where we dynamically increase the number of allowed recursions as needed. At each transmission round, we start with only one allowed recursion (effectively run Heuristic 1). If the throughput (Let denote the index of receivers that still need at least one packet and denote such receivers. The achieved throughput at time slot is defined as, where is the found solution and


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The Kankelefo Women's Cooperative
The Kankelefo women's cooperative was founded more than 5 years ago in the village of Kangala, in western Burkina Faso, about 25 km from the Mali border. The inhabitants of this rural region are mostly "Senoufos", an ethnic group that is also found across the border in Mali and the Ivory Coast.
It is a rural area where most of the inhabitants are farmers devoted to cultivating cereals, fruit trees, and raising livestock.
The Kenedugu also houses a traditional brotherhood of Hunters called "Dozos": its members practice hunting, traditional medicine, they are also musicians (they play balafon and the "Dozo N Goni" kind of modified Kora) and it is they who master some traditional rituals concerning the Spirits of Nature and Ancestors. They are highly respected and feared by the people.
The Kankelefoare cooperative has more than 75 active members and carries several activities that are enormously benefiting the women and their community:
- Traditional production of shea butter
- Management of a multifunctional platform used for: cereal mill production, corn husking, shea butter machine, dynamo for loading mobile phones.
- Providing Micro - credits to the members of the cooperative which are in turn used by the women members to manufacture traditional soaps, the production of a traditional condiment made from seeds of Parkia biglobosa ("Nere") called "Soumbala, and peanut butter production.
Toogga's collaboration with the Kankelefo women's cooperative is another successful partnership that accomplishes the cooperative's and Toogga's goal of adopting a responsible ethical business model to insure the economic emancipation of the women in the area.


CS344M: Autonomous Multiagent Systems -- Fall 2012:-- -- 3D Programming Assignment 1
3D Programming Assignment 1 - Part 1 for Autonomous Multiagent Systems (cs344M)
The following instructions are designed to work once you have logged onto a publinux machine. You can see a list of such machines by doing "cshosts publinux". Currently it is recommended that you work on the lab machines in ENS 1 or ENS 31NR as they are setup with the proper paths and features turned on (specifically direct rendering) to run the 3D simulator smoothly.
If you would like to work remotely and have a slow connection, you should look into installing the RoboCup 3D Soccer Server System on your local machine. We will be using rcssserver3d-0.6.6 and simspark 0.2.3 for this class. Note that if you'd like to install the server on your laptop or home machine, there are links to instructions on how to do this in the middle of the page at _URL_ You will also probably want to install RoboViz 3D soccer monitor for which you can find installation instructions here.
Get familiar with the 3D soccer simulator
 1. Set up your environment by adding the following line to to the end of your ~/.bashrc file so that the correct executables are in your path.
 export PATH=/projects/cs344M.pstone/3d:$PATH
 You will need to open a new terminal or type the command bash into existing terminals for this change to take effect.
 2. Make sure nobody else is running the simulator on the machine you're on:
 % ps aux | grep rcss
 If someone is on, you will see a line with the word "rcssserver3d" in it. (For future reference, there IS a way to run multiple servers on the same machine.)
 3. If there isn't a simulator already running on the machine then proceed with the following step, otherwise skip to the next step with instructions for running the simulator on a remote machine.
 In one shell, start the simulator:
 % rcroboviz
 The above command is a script that starts both the simulator server (rcssserver3d) and monitor (roboviz). You will likely see a lot of text including error messages being printed out as the simulator starts up but don't worry as you can ignore these.
 4. If you were able to complete the previous step for running the simulator on your local machine you can skip these instructions for running the simulator on a remote machine and move on to the next step. In order to run the simulator on a remote machine do the following:
 Choose a machine to run the server on from the list of available machines:
 % cshosts pub64
 In one shell, start the server on the remote machine:
 % ssh
 % run_server3d (be sure to check first that there isn't
 already a simulator running on the remote machine following
 the instructions in an earlier step, and if so choose a
 different machine to run the server on)
 In another shell, start the roboviz monitor on the local machine:
 % export RCSS_HOST=
 % run_roboviz
 You will likely see a lot of text including error messages being printed out as the server and monitor start up but don't worry as you can ignore these.
 5. In another shell, start a player.
 First copy a sample agent to any directory in your account.
 % cp -r /projects/cs344M.pstone/3d/nao-agent.
 Then build the agent
 % cd nao-agent
 % make
 Then start the agent running
 %./agentspark --host=localhost --team myteam --unum 2 --paramsfile paramfiles/defaultParams.txt&
 [instead of myteam, use your own name]
 [if you're running the server on a remote machine use the name of that machine for the host instead of localhost]
 The agent should appear in the center circle of the field.
 6. Now try changing the viewpoint of the camera in the simulator. The following are controls for the camera:
 left_mouse_botton - look
 a, left_arrow - move left
 d, right_arrow - move right
 w, up_arrow - move forward
 s, down_arrow - move backward
 page_up - move camera up
 page_down - move camera down
 1-8 - jump to fixed viewpoint
 space - camera follows ball
 Additional camera controls and other simulator commands can be found on the RoboViz controls page.
 7. Now type 'k' in the simulator to kickoff. You should see the time start running. The agent won't move however as it hasn't been told to take any actions.
 8. Now lets quit the simulator by typing 'q' or closing the roboviz window. When running the simulator remotely (not through the rcroboviz script) the server will likely need to be quit manually. In order to ensure that the server is killed run the following command on the machine the server is running on:
 % kill_server3d
 9. Now lets go ahead and have the agent actually do something instead of just stand there after kickoff. Open strategy.cc and go to the selectSkill() method. You should see that it returns an enumerated value type of SKILL_STAND. Change this return value to be SKILL_KICK_LONG_RIGHT_LEG and save your changes to strategy.cc. Now recompile the agent with the make command:
 % make
 Then start the simulator and agent running again as before. After the agent appears in the center circle type 'k' to kickoff again. This time instead of just standing there the agent should kick the ball forward toward the opponent's goal. Go ahead and quit the simulator and agent processes again as before.
 The selectSkill() method is called almost every cycle of the simulator and its return value determines what skill or action the agent will perform next. In addition to standing and kicking the agent has many other skills which we have designed for it including walking. For walking we use an omnidirectional walk engine allowing us to specify walk direction, rotation, and speed all at the same time. Try having selectSkill() return getWalk(0, 0, 1) to see the agent walk forwards (this time when starting the simulator type 'b' to start play with a drop ball as otherwise the agent will be penalized for touching the ball twice in a row on the kickoff). The following is a list of some the enumerated values you can have selectSkill() return in order to perform different actions...feel free to try some of them out!
 SKILL_STAND - stand
 getWalk(0, 0, 1) - walk forwards
 getWalk(180, 0, 1) - walk backwards
 getWalk(-90, 0, 1) - walk sideways to the right
 getWalk(90, 0, 1) - walk sideways to the left
 getWalk(0, -90, 0) - turn clockwise
 getWalk(0, 90, 0) - turn counter-clockwise
 SKILL_KICK_LONG_LEFT_LEG - long kick left leg
 SKILL_KICK_LONG_RIGHT_LEG - long kick right leg
 SKILL_KICK_MED_LEFT_LEG - medium kick left leg
 SKILL_KICK_MED_RIGHT_LEG - medium kick right leg
 SKILL_KICK_QUICK_LEFT_LEG - quick kick left leg
 SKILL_KICK_QUICK_RIGHT_LEG - quick kick right leg
 SKILL_DIVE_LEFT - goalie dive to the left
 SKILL_DIVE_RIGHT - goalie dive to the right
 SKILL_DIVE_CENTER - goalie dive to the center
 10. Another thing we control is an agent's starting position at the beginning of the game. This is determined by the beam() method in strategy.cc which "beams" an agent to a particular position at the beginning of a match. In order to change this try changing the values set in beam() to the following:
 beamX = -1;
 beamY = 1;
 beamAngle = 180;
 Now if you recompile and run the simulator and agent you should see the agent start in a different postition with it facing toward its own goal.
Watch a game
In a shell, go to the game logs directory
 % cd /projects/cs344M.pstone/3d/logs
 % ls
Pick at least two of the games to watch.
 % run_roboviz --logfile (e.g. "/projects/cs344M.pstone/3d/logs/2012_final_second_extrahalf_UTAustinVilla_vs_RoboCanes.log")
A full game is 600 seconds. The logs are halves which go for 300 seconds (5 minutes) or if they are extra time periods they go for 180 seconds (3 minutes). If the log doesn't work double check that you are providing the full (absolute) path to the log file.
Create a game log
Open the rcssserver3d.rb file located in the same directory as the strategy.cc file you have been


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Most South Africans Used Restitution to Increase Net Economic Assets, Atuahene Report Finds
September 5, 2012, ABF news
Illustration from Mail & Guardian, "Land is not a Utopia for the dispossessed," by Bernadette Atuahene
In July, ABF Faculty Fellow Bernadette Atuahene released a report on the South African land restitution process entitled "Paying for the Past: Addressing Past Property Violations in South Africa." Contrary to popular belief, Atuahene found that in many cases the money has had an enduring economic impact.
The South African government commissioned this report in 2008 when Atuahene began her research. Atuahene interviewed 150 beneficiaries of the Land Restitution Commission, the government agency tasked with providing financial compensation or land transfers to South Africans who were forcibly removed under apartheid and colonialism.
Atuahene's report contradicts the Land Restitution Commission's belief that financial compensation has not had a long term economic effect. Among Atuahene's findings are:
- 30% of interviewees who chose a cash award used it to improve their primary asset—their home.
- 33% used the funds such that they moderately increased their economic assets.
- When the award did not have an enduring economic effect, the award was often very small.
In her report, Atuahene recommends that the Commission:
- engage in the complicated task of transferring land to people who have the requisite skill set or resources to develop it.
- consider the cash awards a viable alternative to land transfers – which are complicated and time consuming – for restitution claimants who have a valid legal claim, but not necessarily the requisite skills or resources to develop the land to which they are entitled.
- boost the effectiveness of cash awards by providing vouchers that are larger than the cash amount and can be used to purchase items with an enduring economic impact such as building materials or to make direct payments to educational institutions.
Atuahene conducted an extensive South African media tour after the report's release, and was featured in leading South African publications such as the Mail & Guardian, Business Day, and City Press. She also gave lengthy interviews on the South African Broadcasting Corporation's "Forum @ Eight" and "Evening Radio Show with Masechaba" programs. Upon her return, she gave an interview on Chicago Public Radio's "Worldview" program.
Atuahene's forthcoming book, We Want What's Ours: Redressing Past Property Violations in South Africa, is based on the interviews she conducted during this field work. She is also directing and producing a documentary film about one South African family's struggle to reclaim the land stolen from them during apartheid.
For more about the film, please visit _URL_.
« Return to ABF news

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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How To Install An HRC Fuse in Steps
Since HRC fuses are simple to use and crucial for supplying electricity safely, they have grown in popularity. You can choose from a wide variety of fuses on the market, but HRC is the most often used and finest choice.
Regardless of everything else, no one can exist without electricity; power is very crucial. It would be best if you only employed fuses that are of high calibre and can be used for a significant duration because electricity is continually developing.
We'll go over the installation process for HRC Fuses but first, let's understand what it does exactly.
A high rupturing capacity (HRC) fuse is where one of the fuse wires temporarily conducts a short circuit current. The circuit immediately shuts off in the event of a problem, preventing any damage. Glass or another chemical substance, depending on the one you choose, is typically used to make HRC.
The cage can be firmly closed to keep air from entering the fuse. Silver wires and metal caps are used to create the rather tight corners at both ends. Power distribution using HRC is always reliable and secure; if the fault current is high, the break time is low, and vice versa.
Fuse installations are typically best left to professionals due to their size and labour-intensive nature, making them similar to circuit breakers and other similar things. Before connecting all the wirings and placing them in a secure area, they check the wirings and the spot where it needs to be installed.
It is possible to maintain a specific amount of current without the HRC fuse opening. Typically, the current passing through the fuse doesn't have enough energy to weaken the element significantly and continues to be strong enough. However, on rare occasions when a significant current flows, the fuse element melts before the fault current reaches its maximum.
The fuse element won't turn off in an overload situation, but if it persists for too long, the material may break the circuit. The thinner sections of the metal ends will disintegrate in the event of short circuit circumstances or other similar problems in the power systems. For this reason, there must be restrictions on some electrical power system components.
Advantages Of Installing HRC Fuses
- They have a high breaking capacity
- These fuses remain popular because they have a long lifespan.
- Because they are affordable and available to everyone, it is simpler to use them.
- On some premium models, the fuse has status indicators.
- HRC fuses operate at a fast rate of speed and are very rapid.
For more information about electrical devices, visit IndoAsian. They have the greatest circuit breakers for fuses and switch applications, as well as other goods that are long-lasting, high-quality, and simple to use.


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Balinese cat is a long-haired feline breed of oriental origin that is similar to the Siamese. It has the same traits and appearance as the Siamese apart from its flowing long hair. The cats were recognized as early as the initial decades of the twentieth century, in sporadic mutations of Siamese litters. However, it was not until 1950's when its beauty was truly appreciated and development of the breed started in earnest. The name 'Balinese' was given as a depiction of its grace, akin to that of exotic Balinese dancers.
Over the years two variants of the cat have emerged. One is the 'traditional' Balinese with semi-long hair on whole of its body. Other is the 'contemporary' Balinese that has short hair on its body apart from its fluffy tail that has long hair. Both types have the same markings as Siamese cats, their only distinction being their ermine coat. Body is slim, long and muscular. Head is wedge shaped with sapphire eyes somewhat slanted in accordance. Recognized colors are the traditional Siamese blue, chocolate, lilac and seal. Other colors such as red and cream also occur, though such cats are often characterized as Javanese rather than the Balinese.
The silky fur and aristocratic appearance makes the Balinese a sought after breed of felines. They are often considered to be the most intelligent of the longhaired cats. This alongside their single coat that does not get matted nor shed or require constant grooming means they are quite well suited to be the ideal house cat.
Despite their longish hair, the Balinese have a robust physical appearance and are sleek and attractive. Being quite active and playful, they require constant love and attention for their continual intellectual stimulation. At times may gain weight owing to lack of regular exercise. They are on the whole very good pets and companions.


School Assemblies Should Not Be Mandatory
School assemblies are draining, ineffective, and a waste of valuable time that could be used to educate students.
Assemblies are supposed to spread news to students, but often times students do not pay attention or just don't care about the information being shared. Students use assemblies as a way out of class to spend time with peers. Because of this, assemblies are a joke.
Instead of school assemblies being mandatory, Howell should make assemblies optional.
Some students enjoy pep assemblies, and the festivities that occur during them. Others view assemblies as unproductive and boring.
Students should sign up to attend the assemblies prior to the day they will occur.
Those who don't attend the assembly would instead go in classrooms, or into the small gym, as this space will not be used during the time of the assembly. Staff members not attending would watch over the students.
Those who don't go to the assembly would use the time as a study hall or for other educational purposes. Students could also spend the assembly time in the small gym by participating in games or activities arranged by teachers.
Eliminating forced attendance to assemblies would be a positive, and would encourage more participation and school spirit.
Students who choose to attend assemblies would get a better opportunity to absorb the information being shared. The gym would also be a lot less crowded if people were given the choice to attend assemblies. Those who enjoy attending the assemblies would have a better opportunity to enjoy the experience, as it will not be as jampacked.
Students who view assemblies as a free time with their peers also will not disrupt those paying attention when information is being given. Not forcing assemblies on students would enable everyone to use their time in a more positive and productive way.
School assemblies should not be mandatory. Demanding that all students come to assemblies causes more chaos, and makes the assemblies less enjoyable because they are forced. Giving students the freedom to choose would make assemblies much more enjoyable for everyone, and would help encourage school spirit.


text:
Free-form human-readable description of the feed format itself. Intended for people who view the feed in a browser, to explain what they just clicked on. This element is generally ignored by feed readers.
If this contains HTML or XHTML, it is sanitized by default.
If this contains HTML or XHTML, certain (X)HTML elements within this value may contain relative URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)'s. If so, they are :ref:'resolved according to a set of rules .


How to Tell If a Papaya is Ripe
 - TIP: Papayas will ripen more quickly when put in a paper bag with ethylene-producing fruits, such as apples or bananas.
 - Step 2: Note the stem end Examine the end where the stalk was. The papaya will ripen well if there is a yellow ring, but if the ring is green, it won't ripen.
 - Step 3: Examine the papaya's skin Examine the papaya's skin. Wrinkled skin will not affect the taste of the papaya, but sunken areas or bruises indicate rough handling during transit.
 - Step 4: Press the papaya Press on the papaya with your fingers. A ripe papaya should be soft and retain slight indentations, but a papaya that isn't ripe will be hard. If it is too soft and mushy, it's overripe.
 - Step 5: Smell the papaya Smell the papaya. A ripe papaya will smell faintly sweet. If the papaya has no scent, it isn't ripe yet. But if it has a strong, sweet odor, it's overripe.
 - FACT: Hawaii is the only state in the U.S. to commercially produce papayas.
You Will Need
 - Keen senses
 - Papayas
 - Paper bag (optional)
 - Apple or banana (optional)
Popular Categories


text:
Transfer files to and from remote network site hostname. ftp prompts the user for a command. The commands are listed after the options. Some of the commands are toggles, meaning they turn on a feature when it is off and vice versa. Note that versions may have different options.
Disable filename globbing.
Turn off interactive prompting.
No autologin upon initial connection.
Verbose. Show all responses from remote server.
![command [args] ]
Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If arguments are given, the first is taken as a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as that command's arguments.
Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.
Supply a supplemental password that will be required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is given, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing mode.
append local-file [remote-file]
Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is not given, the local filename is used after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.
Set the file transfer type to network ASCII (default).
Sound a bell after each file transfer command is completed.
Set file transfer type to support binary image transfer.
Terminate FTP session and then exit ftp.
Toggle remote-computer filename case mapping during mget. The default is off. When case is on, files on the remote machine with all-uppercase names will be copied to the local machine with all-lowercase names.
Change working directory on remote machine to remote-directory.
Change working directory of remote machine to its parent directory.
chmod [mode] [remote-file]
Change file permissions of remote-file. If options are omitted, the command prompts for them.
Terminate FTP session and return to command interpreter.
Toggle carriage-return stripping during ASCII-type file retrieval.
Delete file remote-file on remote machine.
Toggle debugging mode. If debug-value is specified, it is used to set the debugging level.
dir [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print a listing of the contents in the directory remote-directory and, optionally, place the output in local-file. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified or - is given instead of the filename, output comes to the terminal.
Synonym for close.
Set the file transfer form to format. Default format is file.
get remote-file [local-file]
Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local filename is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings. If local file is -, output comes to the terminal.
Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget, and mput. If globbing is turned off, the filename arguments are taken literally and not expanded.
Toggle hash sign (#) printing for each data block transferred.
Print help information for command. With no argument, ftp prints a list of commands.
Get/set idle timer on remote machine. seconds specifies the length of the idle timer; if omitted, the current idle timer is displayed.
Same as binary.
Change working directory on local machine. If directory is not specified, the user's home directory is used.
ls [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print listing of contents of directory on remote machine, in a format chosen by the remote machine. If remote-directory is not specified, current working directory is used.
Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line terminates macro input mode. When $i is included in the macro, loop through arguments, substituting the current argument for $i on each pass. Escape $ with \.
Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.
mdir remote-files local-file
Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified.
Expand the wildcard expression remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each filename thus produced.
Make a directory on the remote machine.
mls remote-files local-file
Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local file must be specified.
Set file transfer mode to mode-name. Default mode is stream mode.
Show last modification time of the file on the remote machine.
Expand wildcards in local-files given as arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting list.
newer remote-file [local-file]
Get file if remote file is newer than local file.
nlist [remote-directory] [local-file]
Print list of files in a directory on the remote machine to local-file (or to the screen if local-file is not specified). If remote-directory is unspecified, the current working directory is used.
nmap [inpattern outpattern]
Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern, a template for incoming filenames, and outpattern, which determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences $1 through $9 are treated as variables; for example, the inpattern$1.$2, along with the input file readme.txt, would set $1 to readme and $2 to txt. An outpattern of $1.data would result in an output file of readme.data. $0 corresponds to the complete filename. [string1, string2] is replaced by string1 unless that string is null, in which case it's replaced by string2.
ntrans [inchars [outchars ] ]
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified:
Characters in remote filenames are translated during mput and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename.
Characters in local filenames are translated during mget and get commands issued without a specified local target filename.
open host [port]
Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port.
Toggle interactive prompting.
Execute an FTP command on a secondary control connection (i.e., send commands to two separate remote hosts simultaneously).
put local-file [remote-file]
Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local filename is used after processing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for type, file, structure, and transfer mode.
Print name of the current working directory on the remote machine.
Synonym for bye.
quote arg1 arg2...
Send the arguments specified, verbatim, to the remote FTP server.
recv remote-file [local-file]
Synonym for get.
reget remote-file [local-file]
Retrieve a file (like get), but restart at the end of local-file. Useful for restarting a dropped transfer.
Request help from the remote FTP server. If command-name is specified, remote help for that command is returned.
Show status of the remote machine or, if filename is specified, of filename on remote machine.
rename [from] [to]
Rename file from on remote machine to to.
Clear reply queue.
Restart the transfer of a file from a particular byte count.
Delete a directory on the remote machine.
Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. When this option is on, rename files as.1 or.2, and so on, as appropriate, to preserve unique filenames, and report each such action. Default value is off.
send local-file [remote-file]
Synonym for put.
Toggle the use of PORT commands.
Get/set site-specific information from/on remote machine.
Return size of filename on remote machine.
Show current status of ftp.
Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. By default, stream structure is used.
Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique filenames.
Show type of operating system running on remote machine.
Set file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines.
Toggle packet tracing.
Set file transfer type to type-name. If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is network ASCII.
Set user file-creation mode mask on the remote site. If mask is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed.
user username [password] [account]
Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. ftp will prompt the user for the password (if not specified and the server requires it) and the account field.


verb blan·dish \ˈblan-dish\
Definition of blandish
 1. transitive verb
 2. : to coax with flattery : cajole
 3. intransitive verb
 4. : to act or speak in a flattering or coaxing manner
blandish was our Word of the Day on 07/19/2014. Hear the podcast!
Examples of blandish in a sentence
 1. blandished her into doing their work for them by complimenting her shamelessly
Did You Know?
The word blandish has been a part of the English language since at least the 14th century with virtually no change in its meaning. It ultimately derives from blandus, a Latin word meaning "mild" or "flattering." One of the earliest known uses of blandish can be found in the sacred writings of Richard Rolle de Hampole, an English hermit and mystic, who cautioned against "the dragon that blandishes with the head and smites with the tail." Although blandish might not exactly be suggestive of dullness, it was the "mild" sense of blandus that gave us our adjective bland, which has a lesser-known sense meaning "smooth and soothing in manner or quality."
Origin and Etymology of blandish
Middle English, from Anglo-French blandiss-, stem of blandir, from Latin blandiri, from blandus mild, flattering
First Known Use: 14th century
Synonym Discussion of blandish
cajole, coax, soft-soap, blandish, wheedle mean to influence or persuade by pleasing words or actions. cajole suggests the deliberate use of flattery to persuade in the face of reluctance or reasonable objections. cajoled him into cheating on the final exam coax implies gentle and persistent words or actions employed to produce a desired effect. coaxed the cat out of the tree soft-soap refers to using smooth and somewhat insincere talk usually for personal gain. politicians soft-soaping eligible voters blandish implies a more open desire to win a person over by effusive praise and affectionate actions. legislators blandished with promises of support wheedle suggests more strongly than cajole the use of seductive appeal or artful words in persuading. hucksters wheedling her life's savings out of her
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up blandish? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
to cast off or become cast off
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text:
It actually is providing an image, you just cannot see it because of contrast. The light you have in the picture is flooding the room with enough ambient light that the image that is actually formed has no contrast.
- Pinhole camera image quality heavily depends on the pinhole size.
However, the smaller the pinhole, the "dimmer" the image will be,
this is the problem that you have.
- In order to be able to view the image you will need to make the
pinhole basically in a box. The box could be an entire room (e.g.
cover all windows in a room with aluminum foil so it is very dark,
then prick a pinhole in the foil on one of the windows) or a smaller
box with a "viewing screen." The key think is that whatever "box"
that you use needs to be relatively dark inside.
A viewing screen can be something clear but diffuse, like parchment paper or privacy glass. Even with the viewing screen, you need to somehow make it dark enough so that your eyes can see it.
You could also make an enclosure large enough for you head to fit into, but still maintain a good level of darkness.
If you have an old webcam, this might work inside of an enclosed box, then you can view the image on your computer.
This is one of the things that makes using pinhole cameras in demonstrations difficult, you want the object being imaged to be well lit, but you need the viewing screen to be dark.


text:
Lake Water Quality
Monitoring water quality in lakes and reservoirs is key in maintaining safe water for drinking, bathing, fishing and agriculture and aquaculture activities. Long-term trends and short-term changes are indicators of environmental health and changes in the water catchment area. Directives such as the EU's Water Framework Directive or the US EPA Clean Water Act request information about the ecological status of all lakes larger than 50 ha. Satellite monitoring helps to systematically cover a large number of lakes and reservoirs, reducing needs for monitoring infrastructure (e.g. vessels) and efforts.
The Lake Water Products (lake water quality, lake surface water temperature) provide a semi-continuous observation record for a large number (nominally 4,200) of medium and large-sized lakes, according to the Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD) or otherwise of specific environmental monitoring interest. Next to the lake surface water temperature that is provided separately, this record consists of three water quality parameters:
- The turbidity of a lake describes water clarity, or whether sunlight can penetrate deeper parts of the lake. Turbidity often varies seasonally, both with the discharge of rivers and growth of phytoplankton (algae and cyanobacteria).
- The trophic state index is an indicator of the productivity of a lake in terms of phytoplankton, and indirectly (over longer time scales) reflects the eutrophication status of a water body.
- Finally, the lake surface reflectances describe the apparent colour of the water body, intended for scientific users interested in further development of algorithms. The reflectance bands can also be used to produce true-colour images by combining the visual wavebands.


text: Longac Capsule is a multivitamin, multimineral preparation containing ferrous fumarate, folic acid, vitamins (B12, B6, K), zinc, elemental iron, iodine, copper, manganese, ferrous gluconate. Longac because of its fortified iron and folic acid properties is an ideal preparation for treatment, and prevention of anemia. The iron and folic acid helps in maturation of red blood cells thereby improving oxygenation, vitamin B12 and B6 are required for neuronal development. Longac also improves immunity and promotes formation of clotting factors in the liver. Longac is recommended for anemia, and as a nutritional supplement in pregnant women.


text:
- Article by Online Editor
- Photography by Trevor Mein
- Architect H2o
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This article was originally published in Architectural Review Asia-Pacific magazine #128: New Civic Realms.
Sports stadia are quite particular animals, highly evolved spatial types usually deliberately separated from the outside world by layers of circulation contained within an external shell. H2o's Lakeside Stadium takes a similar approach to Renzo Piano's Stadio San Nicola in Bari, Italy, albeit at a much smaller scale. As with its larger Italian cousin, the white, pre-cast concrete forms of the Lakeside Stadium in Albert Park, in Melbourne's innersouth, emerge from the earth as a kind of permeable fortress. The porosity of the outer shell allows a direct connection to be made between the auditorium seating and the world outside. The spectator is not separated, but suspended between the spectacle inside the stadium and the events of everyday life outside.
The redevelopment of these historic grounds was part of a state government initiative to reinvent the complex as a major sporting centre within Victoria. The project had to meet the requirements of multiple stakeholders, including Major Projects Victoria, the Victorian Institute of Sport, Athletics Victoria and Parks Victoria, as well as those of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA).
A series of existing and new buildings define the stadium complex, including the existing 1926 grandstand and refurbished Bob Jane Stand, a new athletics administration building, a new north stand and pavilion and other major additions. According to H2o's Tim Hurburgh, the key design challenge was to create built forms that would successfully anchor and define an otherwise daunting expanse of open space, serving as both a backdrop to the action and shelter for spectators. H2o responded to this challenge with two distinct but causally connected strategies. The first involved the dispersal of functionally distinct elements – a new stand, gymnasium and offices – to create a permeable boundary around the playing field and running track. The second involved the unification of these disparate built forms through the use of a shared material palette and motif.
Experienced as a series of distinct interventions, partially determined by the limitations of existing heritage structures, the campus of buildings forms a space that is both open and closed. The original stand is bookended by two new structures, while fenced earth banks between the old and new stands, remnants of the previous stadium, hint at the existence of an event space and the terraced seating inside. A hexagonal motif recurs throughout the complex – in the timber-clad grandstand insert, across areas of concrete paving, and, most notably, in the precast concrete external cladding and glazing of the athletics administration building. This motif, which apparently reflects the patterned surfaces of nets and balls, was intended to unite buildings of differing scales, functions and eras. Apart from the symbolic value, the purpose of material repetition is worth broader consideration as the tessellated surface is on the verge of ubiquity in contemporary Melbourne architecture.
From LAB's Federation Square, ARM's Melbourne Recital Centre, Lyons' Swanston Academic Building and Sean Godsell's recently completed Design Hub, the playfulness of these serial investigations is apparent, but what of their mindfulness?
Sandra Kaji O'Grady has argued that serialism is not a stylistic category but a technique, first devised in musical composition, 'in which rules are given at the outset of making a work of art to regulate the permutation, combination, frequency, repetition and internal relations of multiple identifiable elements'. In the visual arts, the technique is commonly used in the organisation of independent formal or graphic elements, where the sequence and relationship between elements is both a determining factor and an outcome. The value of these investigations is the revelation of symbiotically connected, but potentially conflicting forces within the system. Without such purpose, serialism is reduced to repetitive pattern, an applied decoration that dominates to the point where architectural expression is overwhelmed by monotony. Ground eliminates figure and tension ceases to exist.
As the critical theorist Arthur Wortmann argues, the generic must always go hand in hand with the specific; the mass-produced has to be individualised – a procedure which Kenneth Frampton referred to as 'different repetitions'. In the context of H2o's Lakeside Stadium a unified individualisation has been achieved through the careful consideration of new interventions in relation to the parkland context and the existing architectural elements. The success of the first strategy potentially negates the need for the second. United by functional and spatial relationships, it is possible that a repetitive material language becomes surplus to requirement – at least as a generative organising system.
Overall, H2o's Lakeside Stadium is a fine example of what can be achieved when architects and stakeholders persevere with complex programmatic ambitions. When closed institutions are open to public access, walls become permeable, form and space intertwine and the Colosseum becomes the piazza. We are left to wonder though what might happen when, one day, the cultures of art and sport
are co-located once again.


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Locus of control, pupil control ideology, occupational stress, and teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education
The educational research literature suggests that teachers experiencing chronic occupational stress develop feelings of powerlessness, express cynical attitudes, and demonstrate resistance to change and innovation. Furthermore, the degree of stress experienced by teachers has been correlated with their locus of control and pupil control orientations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the differential effects of the predictor variables of teachers' locus of control, pupil control ideology, and perceived occupational stress on the criterion variable of attitudes toward inclusive education.^ General education teachers (N = 117) from a suburban school district in New York volunteered to participate in the study. The teachers anonymously completed the following questionnaires: (a) Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education Scale, (b) Pupil Control Ideology Form, (c) Teacher Locus of Control Scale, (d) Teacher Stress Inventory, and (e) demographic fact sheet.^ Inferential statistical analyses (i.e., t tests, analyses of variance, and Pearson product-moment correlations) were computed on the teacher characteristics and the variables under investigation. Differences were observed between teachers' age levels and perceived occupational stress, as well as between teachers' locus of control and grade level taught. Furthermore, considerable interrelatedness was found among all the research variables.^ Path analyses were conducted to estimate causation from the correlational data obtained from the total sample. Significant direct relationships were found between (a) pupil control ideology and occupational stress and (b) occupational stress and attitudes toward inclusive education. Alternative path models provided more parsimonious fits to the sample data, wherein pupil control ideology and locus of control accounted for most of the variance in attitudes toward inclusive education. These models suggested that teachers' control beliefs (i.e., locus of control and pupil control ideology), independent of occupational stress, significantly affected attitude formation. ^
Education, Educational Psychology|Psychology, Industrial|Education, Curriculum and Instruction
Jean Anne Agoglia,
"Locus of control, pupil control ideology, occupational stress, and teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education"
(January 1, 1997).
ETD Collection for Fordham University.


Religion Wiki
Constance Markiewicz
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Constance Georgine Markiewicz
4 February 1868(1868-02-04) – 15 July 1927 (aged 59)
Countess Markiewicz
Countess Markiewicz
Place of birth Buckingham Gate, London, England
Place of death Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Allegiance Irish Republican Brotherhood
Irish Citizen Army
Irish Republican Army
Cumann na mBan
Years of service 1913–1923
Rank Second-in-command
Battles/wars Dublin Lockout
Easter Rising
Irish War of Independence
Irish Civil War
Constance Georgine Markiewicz, Countess Markiewicz (née Gore-Booth; 4 February 1868 – 15 July 1927), was an Irish Sinn Féin and Fianna Fáil politician, revolutionary nationalist, suffragette and socialist. She was the first woman elected to the British House of Commons, though she did not take her seat and along with the other Sinn Féin TDs formed the first Dáil Éireann. She was also the first woman in Europe to hold a cabinet position (Minister of Labour of the Irish Republic, 1919–1922).
Early lifeEdit
She was born Constance Georgine Gore-Booth at Buckingham Gate in London, the elder daughter of the Arctic explorer and adventurer Sir Henry Gore-Booth, 5th Baronet, and Lady Georgina née Hill. Unlike many Anglo-Irish landowners in Ireland, he was an enlightened landlord who administered his 100 km2 (39 sq mi) estate with compassion. During the famine of 1879–80, Sir Henry provided free food for the tenants on his estate at Lissadell in the north of County Sligo in the West of Ireland. Their father's example inspired in Gore-Booth and her younger sister, Eva Gore-Booth, a deep concern for the poor. The sisters were childhood friends of the poet W. B. Yeats, who frequently visited the family home Lissadell House in County Sligo, and were influenced by his artistic and political ideas. Yeats wrote a poem, In Memory Of Eva Gore-Booth And Con Markievicz, in which he described the sisters as "two girls in silk kimonos, both beautiful, one a gazelle". Eva later became involved in the labour movement and women's suffrage in England, although initially the future countess did not share her sister's ideals.
Marriage and early politicsEdit
Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats
Sketch of Constance Markiewicz by John Butler Yeats.
Gore-Booth decided to train as a painter, but at the time only one art school in Dublin accepted female students. In 1892 she went to study at the Slade School of Art in London.[1] It was at this time that Gore-Booth first became politically active and joined the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). Later she moved to Paris and enrolled at the prestigious Académie Julian where she met her future husband, Kazimierz Dunin-Markiewicz, Count Markiewicz, a Ukrainian aristocrat of Polish ethnicity.[2][3] He was married at the time, but his wife died in 1899 and he wed Gore-Booth in 1901 making her Countess Markiewicz. She gave birth to their daughter, Maeve, at Lissadell shortly after the marriage. The child was raised by her Gore-Booth grandparents and eventually became estranged from her mother. Countess Markiewicz also undertook the role of mother to Nicolas, Kazimierz's son from his first marriage, who then accompanied Markiewicz and Kazimierz to Ireland. It was claimed that Markiewicz was particularly fond of him and was devastated by his decision to return to Poland. Knowing that her arrest was imminent after the 1916 Rising, she had to stash a silver shotgun that Nicolas had given her.
Constance Markiewicz with her daughter and stepson.
The Markiewiczes settled in Dublin in 1903 and moved in artistic and literary circles, the Countess gaining a reputation for herself as a landscape painter. In 1905, along with artists Sarah Purser, Nathaniel Hone, Walter Osborne and John Butler Yeats, she was instrumental in founding the United Artists Club, which was an attempt to bring together all those in Dublin with an artistic and literary bent. At this time, there was nothing tangible to link her to revolutionary politics, but socialising in this milieu she met the leading figures of the Gaelic League founded by the future first President of Ireland, Douglas Hyde. Although formally apolitical and concerned with the preservation of the Irish language and culture, the league brought together many patriots and future political leaders. Sarah Purser, whom the young Gore-Booth sisters first met in 1882, when she was commissioned to paint their portrait, hosted a regular salon where artists, writers and intellectuals on both sides of the nationalist divide gathered. At Purser's house, Markiewicz met with revolutionary patriots Michael Davitt, John O'Leary and Maud Gonne. In 1906, Markiewicz rented a small cottage in the countryside around Dublin. The previous tenant was the poet Padraic Colum who had left behind old copies of The Peasant and Sinn Féin. These revolutionary journals promoted independence from British rule. The Countess read these publications and was propelled into action.
In 1908, Markiewicz became actively involved in nationalist politics in Ireland. She joined Sinn Féin and Inghinidhe na hÉireann ('Daughters of Ireland'), a revolutionary women's movement founded by the actress and activist Maud Gonne, muse of W. B. Yeats. Markiewicz came directly to her first meeting from a function at Dublin Castle, the seat of British rule in Ireland, wearing a satin ball-gown and a diamond tiara. Naturally, the members looked upon her with some hostility. This refreshing change from being "Kowtowed"-to as a countess only made her more eager to join. She performed with Maud Gonne in several plays at the newly-established Abbey Theatre, an institution that played an important part in the rise of cultural nationalism. In the same year, Markiewicz played a dramatic role in the women's suffrage campaigners' tactic of opposing Winston Churchill's election to Parliament during the Manchester North West by-election, flamboyantly appearing in the constituency driving an old-fashioned carriage drawn by four white horses to promote the suffragist cause. One male heckler asked her if she could cook a dinner, to which she responded, "Yes. Can you drive a coach and four?" Her sister Eva Gore-Booth had moved to Manchester to live with fellow suffragette Esther Roper and they both campaigned against Churchill with her. Churchill lost the election to Conservative candidate William Joynson-Hicks, at least in part as a result of the suffragists' dedicated opposition.[4]
In 1909 Markiewicz founded Fianna Éireann, a para-military organisation that instructed teenage boys in the use of firearms. Pádraig Pearse said that the creation of Fianna Éireann was as important as the creation of the Irish Volunteers in 1913. The Countess was jailed for the first time in 1911 for speaking at an Irish Republican Brotherhood demonstration attended by 30,000 people, organized to protest against George V's visit to Ireland. During this protest Markiewicz handed out leaflets, erected great masts: Dear land thou art not conquered yet., engaged in stone throwing and attempted to burn the giant British flag at Leinster House but to no avail. Her friend Helena Moloney was the first woman ever to be tried and arrested for the stone throwing she engaged in with Markiewicz. Markiewicz also joined James Connolly's socialist Irish Citizen Army (ICA), a small volunteer force formed in response to the lockout of 1913, to defend the demonstrating workers from the police. Markiewicz, though an aristocrat, held sympathy with the ordinary workers. Markiewicz recruited volunteers to peel potatoes in a basement while she worked and others worked on distributing the food. All food was paid out of her own pocket, Markiewicz was forced to take out many loans at this time and sold all her jewellery. That same year, with Inghinidhe na hÉireann, she started a soup kitchen to feed poor school children.
Easter RisingEdit
File:Countess sculp 2.jpg
In 1913, her husband moved to Ukraine, and never returned to live in Ireland. However, they did correspond and Kazimierz was present by her side when she died in 1927. As a member of the ICA, Markiewicz took part in the 1916 Easter Rising. She was deeply inspired by the founder of the ICA, James Connolly and she both designed the uniforms of the ICA and composed their anthem, a Polish song with changed lyrics. Markiewicz held the rank of an officer, making her a decision maker, and more importantly, giving her the right to carry arms.
Lieutenant Markiewicz was second in command to Michael Mallin in St Stephen's Green. She supervised the setting-up of barricades as the rising began and was in the middle of the fighting all around Stephen's Green, wounding a British army sniper. Inspired by newsreel footage from


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Striving for Excellence in Education
At TOLLA, we chose a curriculum with methods and materials that are proven to work. The Abeka curriculum is a "comprehensive, quality curriculum and materials written from a Christian perspective." Now more than ever, we believe that each child needs a strong foundation in both academics and character.
" Abeka provides materials using the traditional approach proven successful throughout education's history. Professionally illustrated textbooks and teaching aids, hands-on activities, challenging exercises, purposeful repetition, and the reinforcement of concepts from subject to subject which give teachers and students all the tools they need to make learning interesting and memorable."
Visit Abeka's website for more information here.


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Play your part to conserve the resource
Fishing is one of New Zealand's most popular recreational activities. Most of us regard fishing and collecting seafood as an important part of our way of life, but every year a large number recreational fishers are taking more finfish, rock lobster and shellfish. The combined effect of this can seriously affect local fisheries. Stocks are easily depleted.
This means it is important for all fishers to act responsibly and help to conserve the resource.
Know the limits
Commercial fishers must have a current fishing permit and are subject to strict quotas or limits on how much they can catch, along with many other controls. The restrictions on recreational fishers are relatively simple. The three main things to remember are:
- Don't take more than the daily limit
- Don't take undersized fish
- Don't sell or trade your catch
Only those physically involved in taking finfish, rock lobster, or shellfish are entitled to claim the daily limit. For example, only a diver who enters the water and gathers shellfish from its' natural habitat on the seabed is entitled to his or her daily catch entitlement. There are however some qualified exceptions to this rule. Specifically, when diving from a vessel for scallops and dredge oysters for up to two safety people. The safety people must be on board the vessel, and acting in that capacity, when the diving is undertaken. If only one safety person is on board the vessel, only one extra bag limit may be taken. A maximum of two extra bag limits may be taken per vessel, regardless of the number of people diving.
Alive and unharmed
Unlawfully taken fish - such as fish taken in excess of your daily limit, undersized fish, or fish taken with undersized mesh - must be immediately returned to the sea. Fish taken alive should be returned very gently, allowing the fish to slide into the water from as close to the surface as possible. It is also important to return fish, especially shellfish and rock lobster, as near as possible to the place where they were found. Dead fish that are taken unlawfully must also be returned to the sea.
This section is a guide to laws controlling the taking and possession of finfish, shellfish and rock lobster, and there are heavy penalties for breaching these laws but it is not a complete summary. There are a number of other restrictions relating to fishing in local areas. All these laws are subject to change at any time, without prior notice and the restrictions change from time to time, so you should be aware of any changes, particularly in bag and size limits.
The complete regulations (the Fisheries Act 1996 and associated regulations) are available from Bennetts Government Bookshops.


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- American Physical Society Sites
- Meetings & Events
- Policy & Advocacy
- Careers In Physics
- About APS
- Become a Member
Ednor Rowe stands next to elements of the Tantalus storage ring.
The Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison was a research facility providing infrared, ultra violet, and soft X-ray light for use in research on a multitude of materials, ranging from high temperature superconductors and computer chips to cancer cells.i It is was the first fully-dedicated multi-user synchrotron light source, and consisted of two electron storage rings: Tantalus, which was used for research through 1987 and decommissioned in the early 1990s and is now housed in the Smithsonian, and Aladdin, which was in use until 2014.
On 13 November 2015, APS President Sam Aronson presented a plaque to UW Vice Chancellor of Research and Graduate Education Marsha Mailick, commemorating almost half a century of SRC contributions and their significance in the history of science. The citation reads: "From 1968 to 2014 the University of Wisconsin-Madison operated the Tantalus and later Aladdin electron storage rings to produce synchrotron radiation for scientific research. Located at the Synchrotron Radiation Center, near Stoughton, WI, Tantalus was the first dedicated synchrotron light source. In 1985 it was replaced by Aladdin, which was used until 2014. Operating for nearly 50 years, the SRC was a birthplace of synchrotron radiation science, hosting thousands of researchers from all over the world and leading to fundamental scientific discoveries."
The history of the SRC dates back to the 1950s when a group of scientists at US universities launched the Midwestern University Research Association (MURA). The 15 institutions that united to form this coalition were dedicated to increasing high-energy physics research in the Midwest region. By 1967, MURA, which was headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin, had accomplished one of its main objectives—it won the bid to build Fermilab in Illinois. MURA officially ended, and many scientists went to Batavia to help design what was to become a leading particle accelerator facility.ii
However, some adventurous physicists remained in Madison and continued their work in other areas of high-energy physics, in particular synchrotron radiation.iii They customized leftover accelerator designs, and in 1968, supported by the Atomic Energy Commission, the group built a small electron particle accelerator.iv "But just as the apparatus neared completion, funding was cut off. Its creators, feeling teased by fate and their government backers, dubbed the machine 'Tantalus'"v, after the Greek mythological figure who was destined to stand in a pool of water with fruit trees just out of his grasp for all eternity. Despite these challenges, the team succeeded in launching the research facility. This 240 MeV electron storage ring, about the size of a backyard trampoline, became operational in March 1968, and the first synchrotron radiation experiments commenced six months later. Tantalus was the hub of the SRC operated for nearly twenty years, and the user base grew to over 100 scientists worldwide.
Since the machine was optimized to produce synchrotron radiation in the ultraviolet, this spectral region became an early test bed for reflectance, transmission, photoionization and photoemission spectroscopies, as well as the earliest experiments on angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Early studies of insertion devices were also carried out at Tantalus. Although Tantalus operated until 1987, it was superseded by the 1 GeV electron storage ring Aladdin in 1985, which remained in operation until March, 2014. Aladdin extended the SRC spectral range into the soft X-ray region, with an increase in the user base to two hundred and fifty. There was a concomitant explosion in experimental studies at SRC in all areas of synchrotron science. Aladdin incorporated five undulators and twenty-five beamlines, and a vibrant accelerator research and development program that produced a new continuous-wave superconducting radio-frequency gun. SRC also housed a unique IR imaging beamline that accepted radiation from an entire bending magnet, with which IR tomography was demonstrated in 2013.
Both Tantalus and Aladdin were designed and built by teams led by Ed Rowe at the University of Wisconsin Physical Sciences Laboratory. With the formation of SRC when Tantalus became operational, Rowe fostered an environment that became the norm for synchrotron radiation user facilities, since so many users made their first measurements at SRC. "Researchers shared information and the results of their experiments in a collegial environment. There was no 'King of the Ring' among these goal-oriented scientists."vi A focus on the education of the next generation of users had always been at the forefront of the style of research conducted at SRC. And the welcome that Rowe provided to new users, and the helping hands that the SRC staff extended to young scientists, were hallmarks that continued after the laboratory directorship passed into the hands of Dave Huber, Jim Taylor, Franz Himpsel and, most recently, Joe Bisognano.
The history and significance of the SRC and its first ring, Tantalus, live on at the Smithsonian Institute. When research ceased on Tantalus, it became apparent that the ring would be decommissioned and dismantled, but to Rowe this was not a satisfactory end to the project.vii He wanted to save the machine where synchrotron research had started, so he contacted the Smithsonian National Museum of American History about their interest in acquiring this piece of history. Paul Forman, the curator for the Electricity and Modern Physics Collection at the museum thought the project sounded interesting, so the two of them began the task of convincing the museum's acquisition committee of the historical importance of Tantalus. After gathering evidence, it was clear to both Forman and the committee that this was truly a piece of history worth saving. "Not only was the machine a true innovation in electron storage ring use, but it was an ideal size for an exhibit," Forman summarized. "Most accelerator research projects of this quality are much too large for display."viii Today, in the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institute, one can find the Tantalus ring and written documentation in the form of operational and data notebooks and logbooks that trace the creation, building, maintenance, and experiments carried out on the machine. There are also black and white photographs, slides, and oral and video documentation.ix
i About SRC: _URL_
ii History of SRC, _URL_
iii History of SRC, _URL_
v Guide to the Tantalus Synchrotron Radiation Source Collection, Smithsonian Institute, _URL_
vii Tantalus Receives its place in history, Aladdin, the quarterly newsletter of the SRC, Summer 1995, _URL_
ix Guide to the Tantalus Synchrotron Radiation Source Collection, Smithsonian Institute, _URL_


Scientists will discover: Olive is the most destructive of cancer
Scientists discover: Olive is the most powerful cancer destroyer We are expanding visitors to new reports today through our wind News and start with the most significant news, scientists discover: the most powerful olive destroyer For cancer.
Naseem News, Spanish scientists have found that the bark of olive fruit contains an "olive acid" substance that destroys cancer cells and stressed that olive is an "invaluable product in the fight against cancer."
According to a study published in the Journal of Molecular Biology, the olive skin contains 80% olive oil. This substance has the potential to delay the development of tumor tumors and destroy cancer cells.
Scientists have remarked that olive oil also contains vitamin "E" is essential for the work of all organs and organs of the body naturally and this vitamin is a powerful antioxidant and protects the body from the harmful effects of toxins Stimulates the immune system and helps protect the body against viral and bacterial infections and improves regeneration weaving.
Olive contains other useful ingredients such as potassium salts, phosphorus, iron and other useful elements. According to experts, olives regularly use a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.
Thank you for following us, and we promise you will always provide everything that is best and transfer messages from all news sources and make it easier for you to read. Do not forget to work with IK for our Facebook page and follow the latest Twitter news. Sincerely, the family website of Christmas news.
Scientists are discovering: Olive is the most powerful cancer destroyer, followed by the social networking sites of our website and receiving new messages permanently.
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In this section
Note: This guideline is currently under review.
Definition of Terms
Clean Intermittent Catheterisation (CIC) is a method of draining urine via a catheter inserted into the urethra, past the sphincter into the bladder. Once the urine is drained the catheter is removed. CIC is vital in reducing bladder pressure or draining residual urine, and therefore preserving kidney health. Correctly
performed, CIC can also reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and promote continence.
This guideline does not refer to children and adolescents with an acute short term requirement for bladder emptying such as post-operative urinary retention, or need for an indwelling urinary catheter. Please refer to the Indewelling Urinary Catheter
This guideline does not refer to the child or adolescent using CIC through a stoma such as a Mitrofanoff.
This guideline applies to infants, children and adolescents who require ongoing CIC due to:
Patient and family assessment should include:
Below is an approximate guide for catheter size:
Assess the preferred positioning before commencing catheterisation.
All children who require long term catheterisation should be considered for education in CISC. Readiness to learn CISC should take into account:
Click here for the Evidence Table for this guideline.
Please remember to read the
The development of this nursing guideline was coordinated by Jenny O'Neill, Clinical Nurse Consultant, Developmental Disabilities, and approved by the Nursing Clinical Effectiveness Committee. Updated September 2015.