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Nicholas Lane, Dartmouth College, hanover
Ye Xu, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Hong Lu, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Shane Eisenman, Columbia Univ, New York
Tanzeem Choudhury, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Andrew Campbell, Dartmouth College, Hanover
Human behavior modeling at a large-scale and under real-world conditions is still an open problem. Existing classification models do not always perform well on a diverse population. Training personalized models that incorporate different contextual conditions and individual user characteristics are effective in addressing this challenge. However, this approach burdens the users with collecting and manually labeling their own training data which is not scalable. In this article, we propose CoCo (Cooperative Communities), a learning framework that leverages different types of everyday social connections between people to personalize classification models. CoCo exploits social networks to selectively combine small contributions of labeled data from people with shared context or user characteristics. Under CoCo a personalized classifier is trained for each individual user, but by exploiting social networks, the burden of providing training data can be spread over the entire community.
A.0 General, B Hardware, I.2 Artificial Intelligence, I.1.4 Applications, I.5 Pattern Recognition, I.2 Artificial Intelligence, G.3.h Probabilistic algorithms, G.3.e Markov processes, C.5.7 Wearable Computers, C.3.h Ubiquitous computing, C.2.2.a Applications, C.2.4 Distributed Systems, C.2.8 Mobile Computing, C.3.h Ubiquitous computing, C.3.h Ubiquitous computing, H.1.2.b Human-centered computing, H.5.2 User Interfaces, J.9.a Location-dependent and sensitive, J.9.d Pervasive computing, J.9 Mobile Applications, J.9.f Wireless sensor networks, J.9.e Wearable computers and body area networks, I.5.2.a Classifier design and evaluation, I.1.4 Applications, I.5.4.j Remote sensing
Nicholas Lane, Ye Xu, Hong Lu, Shane Eisenman, Tanzeem Choudhury, Andrew Campbell, "Cooperative Communities (CoCo): Exploiting Social Networks for Large-scale Modeling of Human Behavior", IEEE Pervasive Computing,, no. 1, pp., PrePrints PrePrints, doi:10.1109/MPRV.2011.62
15 ms
(Ver 2.0)
Marketing Automation Platform Marketing Automation Tool


text:
Past and future editions of 'Water usage in agriculture and horticulture'
Page 1 of 1 | 1 results
Release date: 09 June 2011 at
Theme: Agriculture and Environment | Department: Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | Coverage: England
Geographic breakdown: Region
| Designation: National Statistics
Summary: The results in this statistical notice are split into four sections covering: (i) water sources; (ii) water usage for irrigation; (iii) water usage for various activities (including irrigation); and (iv) water quality (practices to reduce or prevent pollution). The notice incorporates results from both the 2009/10 FBS and the 2010 Irrigation Survey.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Background and Aim: Mandibular impacted third molar surgery is considered as one of the most common surgical procedures done in oral cavity. It is frequently related with mild to severe complications and other factors. This study aimed to estimate the etiology, complications and quality of post surgical life as related to mandibular impacted third molar surgery. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire-based survey comprised of 100 patients of dental hospitalís oral surgery department. Author used preformed questionnaire having questions regarding etiology, complications and quality of post surgical life as related to mandibular impacted third molar surgery. This study comprised of records of patients and other available data. Response was recorded and data was processed statistically to estimate outcomes. Results: Statistical analysis using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The obtained data was subjected to relevant statistical tests to obtain p values, mean, standard deviation, standard error an 95% CI. Pain (70%) and inflammation (25%) was most common etiologies as reported by the studied patients. Edema (73%) and Hemorrhage (13%) was frequently observed complications. A very obvious decline in patients quality of life was also noted. Conclusion: This cross sectional study was completed using patientís data and questionnaire wherein we have outlines certain very imperative inferences. Pain and inflammation was most common etiologies as reported by the studied patients. Edema and Hemorrhage was commonly seen complications. A very reasonable decrease in patientís quality of life was observed.
Key words: Impacted third molar, Oral surgery, Complication, Quality of life.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Subtracting Exponents with Same Base but Different Exponent
 1. How do you do this problem (without a calculator) that looks deceivingly simple, yet is utterly confusing. (2 ^ 30 - 2 ^ 29)/2 =?. The answer is
 2 ^ 28, but how was this done without using a calculator. The furthest I can take this without using a calculator is 2 ^ 29 - 2 ^ 28
 2. jcsd
 3. 2 ^ 29 - 2 ^ 28 = 2^28(2-1) = 2^28(1) = 2^28
 4. HallsofIvy
 HallsofIvy 40,804
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 230- 229= 2(229)- 229=
 (2-1)229= 229 so (230-229)/2= 229/2= 228.
 5. I am trying to work this actual problem that is in my GRE practice book. Looking at the way it is worked i still need help. Please let me know if you could help in any way.
 6. Gokul43201
 Gokul43201 11,141
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 Complete solutions have been posted above. What specific help are you looking for? If you explain which concept you're having difficulty with, someone might be able to help you better.
 Edit : If your problem is entirely unrelated to the prior content of this thread, state the COMPLETE question in a new thread.
 Last edited: Jul 30, 2006
 7. Well i understand how the orginal problem 2^30-2^29/2 becomes 2^29 -2^28 because you subract 2^1 from each exponent. Why isn't the 2 at the bottom cancelled out? And where is the (2-1) coming from? The rule in the GRE manual for example 5^7/5^4 becomes 5^3 thus cancelling the denominator of 5. Please help me clear up any confusions.
 8. Office_Shredder
 Office_Shredder 4,499
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 Let's try being more explicit then:
 Step one: cancel the two in the denominator. TO do this, you divide each term by 2, meaning (for this specific scenario), you subtract one from each exponent
 Step two: Factor 228 from all the terms.
 Step three: Remembering some basic exponent rules, we clean up the equation a bit (specifically a number to the power of 1 or 0)
 Step four: Finish solving by calculating 2-1
 228(1) = 228
 9. i have the same problem with the problem above. this is the problem:
 3^(n+2) / [3^(n+3) - 3^(n+1)]
 the answer key says that the answer is 1/3 but when I solved for it, the answer is 3/8.. what is really the correct answer and how will it be solved?
 10. HallsofIvy
 HallsofIvy 40,804
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 If you only have powers of 3, you cannot possibly have a factor of [itex]8= 2^3[/itex]!
 The correct answer is 1/3 as you were toldwrite [itex]3^{n+2}[/itex] as [itex]3(3^{n+1})[/itex] and cancel.
 11. Mute
 Mute 1,391
 Homework Helper
 Unless you happen to have [itex]8 = 3^2-3^0[/itex].
 I get 3/8:
 [tex]\frac{3^{n+2}}{3^{n+3}-3^{n+1}} = \frac{3 3^{n+1}}{3^2 3^{n+1}-3^{n+1}} = \frac{3}{3^2-3^0} = \frac{3}{9-1} = \frac{3}{8}[/tex]
 Perhaps HallsofIvy and the person who wrote the book's answer key missed the "-3^(n+1)" in the denominator?
Have something to add?


- (British, America) IPA: /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/, /ˈtɹæn.sɪt/
 - (weak vowel) IPA: /ˈtɹæn.zət/, /ˈtɹæn.sət/
 - (British, now rare) IPA: /ˈtɹɑːn.zɪt/
 1. The act of passing over, across, or through something.
 - In France you are now […] in the transit from one form of government to another.
 the transit of goods through a country
 3. (astronomy) The passage of a celestial body across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body.
 4. A surveying instrument rather like a theodolite that measures horizontal and vertical angles.
 5. (navigation) An imaginary line between two objects whose positions are known. When the navigator sees one object directly in front of the other, the navigator knows that his position is on the transit.
 6. (British) A Ford Transit van, see Transit.
 Beufort road, Birkenhead, about 17.15 June 19 2013, white transit overtakes and swerves left into junction almost taking my front wheel.
 7. (North America) Public transport system.
 I always take the transit to work.
Translations Translations Translations Translations Verb
transit (transits, present participle transiting; past and past participle transited)
 1. To pass over, across or through something.
 2. To revolve an instrument about its horizontal axis so as to reverse its direction.
 3. (astronomy, intransitive) To make a transit.
Translations Translations
 - Spanish: girar
Translations Related terms
transit (plural transits)
 1. (Britain) a Ford Transit van. topics en
Offline English dictionary


text:
Recently completed a social media website that has several facebook/twitter aspects, one of the main concerns is something known as the super-user, a user that's so popular that each action by this user will impact thousands of other connected users on the site. Designing for scalability and speed for this range of users require some special thinking.
I've came up with a theory that "Normal" MySQL tables would be severally taxed if we let the DB classes run each time a user refreshes his or her walls.
Databases are "usually" meant for storing data (usually) in 3rd normal form but social sites tend to have many lists such as friends, messages (listed into walls),a term i've regarded as "relationship" data. The problem with this data is that it's repetitive and somewhat useless beyond the scope of the individual. Making sense not to store such data into table but into the person's record (row) as longtext/blob, and retrieving when needed, this blob isn't indexed in any way so it's just sitting in the row minding it's own business until needed.
PHP seems to have a solution for that _URL_ unfortunately that solution isn't viable in this circumstance.
Imagine this scenerio
1) Users have many (many) friends
2) When the user updates his wall, his friends wall get updated (friends in thousands?!) with the same message
3) Running a PHP script that pulls out ALL his friends' wall and updating it then returning the new data back into their wall would probably result in hitting the memory max and stopping the script. Having something like this run on the server would introduce tons of load spikes.
4) PHP arrays are heavy in memory and SLOW, searching and moving data in-out of arrays are slow too.
5) Serialized PHP arrays are hard to read and even harder to manipulate in DB w/o screwing up the formatting.
So what do you do?
1) Maintain all "non-relationship" data in 3rd normal form in their respective tables. Use primary keys (auto increments).
2) The primary user table would have several "blob"s to store things like list of friends, personal wall in the following format
3) Use CSV to maintain user's friends and wall. CSV being just "string" would be easily manipulated in PHP and in SQL, you can append directly to the front of several thousand friends' wall with just a single SQL statement
$friend_list = SELECT friends FROM user_table; //Pseudo text, returns friend's list in '1','2','555','666' format which is directly pumped into the next SQL statement
UPDATE user_table SET wall = REPLACE(TRIM(BOTH ',' FROM CONCAT_WS(',','\'".$message_id."\'', wall)), ',,', ',') WHERE uid IN (".$friend_list.")");
4) In PHP to make things even simplier use this CSVList class (shameless created by me) to manipulate the CSV string
The above class allow quick search for a variable in the CSV, mimics SQL LIKE (% X %), exports CSV and in array, exports a certain range in the CSV (aka LIMIT 20,30 – useful for pagination), counts no of variables in the CSV and some other stuff, so it's worth checking it out. By itself, it's possible to handle very high range of variables, 20-30 times higher then if the variables were stored in a simple (standard/non-assoc) php array. It's alot faster then looping through an array to check for existence or matches of a variable.


Our Process
So, What is HPP?
High Pressure Processing or HPP technology is an all-natural process that protects and defends foods while preserving them through the use of high-pressure water rather than with heat, chemicals and other processes that can ultimately damage natural flavors. HPP is what makes our guacamole taste so yummy without any preservatives or additives having to be added. We want it to be just like homemade (without the fuss). Would you add chemical preservatives to your homemade guacamole? HPP is all about using cold-water pressure instead of heat to preserve our product. Food safety is our number one priority. HPP process kills naturally occurring bacteria that can cause food deterioration and affects food safety, including salmonella, while at the same time preserving taste, texture and natural vitamins. 2 + 2 = 4 RIGHT? This same cold water is low-energy and is recyclable so its more efficient than thermal preservation.
When Don helped HPP evolve into what it is today, the process became known as the Fresherized®process. Today Fresherized Foods, home of Wholly Guacamole brand, is the worlds largest user of HPP.
To learn more about Fresherized Foods, go to fresherizedfoods.com.
To learn more about our sustainability efforts check out the following links:
Corporate sustainability efforts
Or contact our sustainability director Marcela Maltos at _EMAIL_
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Product Help | KitchenAid Canada
Installing the Produce Preserver
How to Install the Produce Preserver in your KitchenAid Refrigerator
The produce preserver absorbs ethylene, to slow the ripening process of many produce items. As a result, certain produce items will stay fresher longer. Ethylene production and sensitivity varies depending on the type of fruit or vegetable. To preserve freshness, it is best to separate produce with sensitivity to ethylene from fruits that produce moderate to high amounts of ethylene.
How to install the Produce Preserver?


text:
heavily percussive style of blues piano in which the right hand plays riffs (syncopated, repeating phrases) against a driving pattern of repeating eighth notes (ostinato bass). It began to appear at the beginning of the 20th century and was associated with the southwestern stateshence its early names, fast Western style and Western rolling blues. Its bass figures are believed to derive from the running sequence of guitar accompaniment.
Boogie-woogie was played in honky-tonks and rent parties on the South Side of Chicago in the 1920s but gained national attention only in the late 1930s. The height of its popularity was marked by a 1938 concert in Carnegie Hall, New York City, featuring its most prominent interpreters. It declined rapidly after World War II.


text:
Mother ˈmʌðə/ noun: A woman or female animal in relation to her child or offspring. Verb: To bring up (a child or offspring) with care and affection.
Family bonds are not exclusive to humans. The animal kingdom has shown species with important family relationships, mainly a mother towards her offspring. It's important to remember humans aren't the only ones who take extraordinary steps to protect, nurture and raise their young. The animal kingdom is full of mothers who protect their babies, teach them to find food, and demonstrate behavior connected to mourning and stress when their babies are lost or taken away from them.
We are probably more familiar with seeing cats and dogs bonding with their offspring, or other animals in the wild such as orangutans, lions and bears being fiercely protective over their young. But farm animals also form strong bonds with their offspring, though are not always able to act out their natural instinctive behavior due to how they are kept, raised and slaughtered for human consumption.
Cows instantly form strong bonds with their calves. Directly after birth, the mother will lick and nuzzle her calf clean, making a unique sound which encourages the calf to get up and nurse. In the dairy industry calves are taken away from their mothers either hours or a couple of days after birth in order to keep milk profit as high as possible. Not only is this stressful and upsetting for both the cow and her calf, mother cows have been found searching fields for their calves for miles around, and if confined within a small space, tend to make loud distressed noises for weeks on end. It is known that Calves which are taken away try to suckle factory worker's fingers to help ease their separation and suffering from not being able to suckle their mother's udder.
Human mothers and mother hens have something very important in common – the welfare of their children. But at factory farms, the hens have no opportunity at all to raise their young. Eggs are bred in huge breeding factories. Mother hens never see their offspring, they are not allowed to breed by themselves and see their young hatching. When in their natural habitat, mother hens empathize with their chicks, keep them warm, are constantly on the lookout for threats, and enjoy dust baths together. New chicks tend to climb all over her, sitting on her back, picking on their siblings to establish a pecking order and climbing underneath her to take a nap. But mother hens take this all in their stride. They have earned their title of being protective loving mothers to their chicks since the age of time, commonly mentioned in books, movies and texts as a great example of a caring mother in the animal kingdom.
A female pig is called a gilt but if she has piglets then she is known as a sow. Sows have a strong bond with their piglets but in factory farms mother pigs are caged in farrowing crates the size of a fridge, where they are unable to turn around to nuzzle or even see their babies, and are prevented from forming meaningful and mutually beneficial interactions with their young. They experience intense stress and depression which is no life for a pig who would in their natural environment enjoy running, exploring and keeping close their offspring and other pigs. There is enough scientific research to confirm the intelligence of pigs, which is commonly compared to being higher than toddlers so to be kept in factory farms where they don't get to feel grass, look up to the sky, wallow in the mud or grunt to their little ones, is heartbreaking.


text: Block copolymers are increasingly being applied in areas such as transfection, membrane sealing, site-specific targeting, and bionanoengineering yet there is a relative paucity of assays available for simple, stable and reproducible colorimetric determination of copolymer concentration in solution. We have focused on improving the accuracy and reproducibility of a modified version of the Stewart biphasic colorimetric assay for quantitative determination of Pluronic (poloxamer) and Tetronic (poloxamine) macromolecules. The optimized assay achieved linear response ranges in chloroform for commonly used copolymers such as poloxamine 904 (20–300 μg/ml), poloxamine 908 (10–400 μg/ml), poloxamer 402 (20–400 μg/ml), and poloxamer 407 (10–400 μg/ml). Variation in the type of chlorinated solvent used significantly increased assay sensitivity, presumably through macromolecular reorientation, affording increased access for copolymer–ferrothiocyanate complexation. This was found to be optimally favored by the planar geometry of the solvent cis 1,2-dichloroethylene. For application to biological systems copolymer–protein interactions were for the first time determined and were found to be dependent on the fraction of hydrophobic constituents of the block copolymers and protein type. For instance serum albumin was found to interact with copolymers of low hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values and poly(propylene oxide) contaminants, whereas this interaction was not significant with the relatively hydrophilic IgG. In such systems the colorimetric assay directly determines the fraction of unbound (free) copolymer in the presence of proteins.


What are the different effects of different compression spring machines?
Update:25 Apr 2021
The compression spring machine can be loved or applied […]
The compression spring machine can be loved or applied by everyone. It must be because of its advantages. Because of its advantages at all levels, it is all relatively good. Let me inform everyone below.
Metal wires can be produced and processed into different products according to the compression spring machine, such as springs, artworks, and uniquely shaped products. The expansion of market demand has clearly put forward a large number of regulations on the appearance and type of products. Traditional Camshaft compression spring machines (that is, eight-jaw machines, or all-round machines) have long been unable to meet the requirements of customers. Therefore, in the basic development trend of camshaft compression spring machines, camshaft compression spring machines have been developed.
What is the difference between the two? Camshaft compression spring machine, with 8 engine camshafts on the control panel during work, and the 8 engine camshafts are driven by an AC servo motor. Then the camshaft of the engine camshaft driver rotates, and the camshaft then pushes the working guide rail to slide. Block movement. Because the 8 engine camshafts are separately moving, it is necessary to arrange the camshafts according to the product, so that the guide rail sliders in each work will perform the posture. Although it is not easy to create another posture on the steel wire, the whole process of work All the camshafts in the machine are always rotating. If the adjustment staff is negligent and the camshafts are not arranged, there will be a chance of knife collision.
The eight engine camshafts on the camshaft-free compression spring machine are all controlled by separate AC servo motors, so they can independently control the movement of each engine camshaft. The engine camshaft immediately drives the guide rail slider, and the master is adjusting the whole In the process, the angle of view of the camshaft is not arranged, only the computer system and the relative programming can be understood, thus greatly reducing the difficulty coefficient in the whole process of adjustment. Moreover, because it is operated independently, the 8 engine camshafts do not need to be moved separately, which also greatly reduces the power engineering cost. At the functional level, the camshaftless compression spring machine can consider the production and manufacture of more complicated metal material laser cutting processing.


text:
Fast Ball Physics
Is there away to calculate the speed of my sons pitch with
a stop watch? He throws from 60 feet 6 inches.
Not likely unless you have a fast finger! Let's say your son throws a 60
mph fastball -- that's equal to
88 ft/sec. Since the distance from mound to plate is 60.5 ft, that is a
lapsed time of ~0.7 sec. It is estimated that humans have a reaction time
of ~0.1 sec., so the measurement would not be very accurate.
Click here to return to the Physics Archives
Update: June 2012


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OpenAjax Alliance Moves Towards More Secure Mashups
The OpenAjax Alliance has announced approval and availability of OpenAjax Hub 2.0 as an industry standard for more secure Web 2.0 mashup applications. Advances in security in Hub 2.0 can help protect enterprise mashups from malicious intent, giving IT staff greater confidence in adding these features to their Web sites.
The major addition to Hub 2.0 is a JavaScript Library for Secure Enterprise Mashups created to better protect widgets and mashups from hackers and malicious intent. It addresses concerns among IT managers that may have inhibited adoption of mashup software within companies.
"OpenAjax Hub 2.0 is a major step forward for the OpenAjax Alliance towards its mission of promoting Ajax interoperability," says the OpenAjax Alliance's David Boloker. "In order to realize the potential for mashups across the industry, there needs to be standards. Hub 2.0 defines a key industry standard for how widgets can be isolated into secure containers and then how widgets can talk to each other through a mediated messaging bus."
Hub 2.0 isolates third-party widgets into secure sandboxes and mediates messaging among the widgets with a security manager. For example, suppose a Web site includes a third-party calendar widget. That widget itself might be malicious or might become malicious if its code has vulnerabilities that allow a site to hijack the widget. Malicious widgets could transmit hijacked data to a scamming web site or piggyback user credentials to read and write from company servers. Hub 2.0 prevents attacks by isolating untrusted widgets from the main application and other widgets, and by preventing access to user credentials. It protects against widget hijacking due to its features around careful widget loading and unloading and message integrity.
The OpenAjax Alliance is an organization of vendors, open source projects and companies using Ajax that are dedicated to the successful adoption of open and interoperable Ajax-based Web technologies. OpenAjax members include more than 100 organizations including Adobe, the Eclipse Foundation, Google, IBM and Microsoft working towards the mutual goal of accelerating customer success with Ajax.
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I want to select an imported object and move it to a specific location. The object is imported in an earlier part of the script. After the import i move it with the following part of the script.
import bpy
# Select object i want to move
bpy.data.objects["Cube"].select = True
# Move Origin to geometry and move object to location
bpy.context.object.location[0] = 0
bpy.context.object.location[1] = 0
bpy.context.object.location[2] = 0
bpy.context.object.rotation_euler[0] = 0
bpy.context.object.rotation_euler[1] = 0
bpy.context.object.rotation_euler[2] = 0
When the script is on position bpy.context.object.location[0] = 0 console gives following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'location'
I understand the message, that my Cube has no location attributes. But he must have them. When i select him with right mouse and type bpy.context.object.location[0] = 0, no error is given and he moves to the position i want.
Do i have an error in the selection-part of my script? How can i solve this?
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ To set the context object use context.scene.objects.active = obj setting the select property only makes it one of context.selected_objects. The error was occurring because context.object is None $\endgroup$ – batFINGER Dec 3 '15 at 11:30
When you select multiple objects one of them is highlighted in a lighter colour. This "lighter" object is known as the active object and is the object that bpy.context.object refers to. This active object may be just one of many selected objects that is listed in bpy.context.selected_objects.
When manipulating objects using python the active object can be left undefined or no longer pointing to a valid object. In this situation you will get the 'NoneType' object error which is saying that the variable you used (bpy.context.object) is a NoneType or null and non existent object so has no location attribute (or any other attributes).
Using bpy.context.object and bpy.context.selected_objects are convenience properties that allows a script to dynamically work with the currently selected objects and allow it to differentiate the one active object. An example is the copy attributes addon which can take a property from the active object and apply it to the rest of the selected objects.
If you know the name of the object you want your script to work on then accessing it through bpy.data.objects['name'] will reliably refer to that object every time. If you want to use an operator that works on the active object, then you can set the active object with bpy.context.scene.objects.active = bpy.data.objects['name']
Quick answer from the future: You are using the location as a list or collection [x,y,z], but it's not it's a Vector((x,y,z)) in the console for some reason obj.location[0] = something works, but it's a risky approach. Try this instead:
location = Vector((1,2,3))
obj.location = location
Your Answer


text:
Patient Engagement Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Patient engagement is an ongoing process in which patients take an active role in their own health care. Many factors—including personal skills, motivation, and behaviors—affect an individual's ability to effectively engage in care.
The featured Innovations describe one program that used a storytelling approach and another program that provided text messaging to encourage behavior change among vulnerable populations, leading to greater patient engagement and improved outcomes.
The featured QualityTools provide resources to help health care professionals partner with patients and families to involve them in care, and information to assist health care consumers in communicating effectively with providers about their health care.
Also in This Issue:
- Comprehensive Program Virtually Eliminates Preventable Birth Trauma
- Low-Overhead Medical Home Leverages Information Technology To Attract Both Providers and Patients in Underserved Rural Areas
- Community Health Navigators Use Pathways Model to Enhance Access to Health and Social Services for Low-Income, At-Risk Residents
- Hourly Nurse Rounds Help to Reduce Falls, Pressure Ulcers, and Call Light Use, and Contribute to Rise in Patient Satisfaction


text:
A Brief History – Over 90 Years of Tradition and Excellence
Kenilworth Elementary opened in 1920 during the first major growth spurt for the new City of Phoenix. During this period, it was fashionable for public buildings to reflect a community's hopes for the future. Kenilworth was meant to be a statement that a small town would become a major force in the history of Arizona and of the United States. Named after a novel written by Sir Walter Scott, Kenilworth continues to be a shining beacon of educational excellence within the community.
In the early 1970s, when the state began to map the course of the I-10 freeway, Kenilworth was briefly scheduled for demolition, along with many homes. It was saved by a committee of prominent citizens, neighborhood activists, and parents.
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the oldest school in Maricopa County, Kenilworth continues to serve students. Extensive improvements were made to the Kenilworth campus and building in 2010


Dog Growling When Sleeping
Our dogs look peaceful and adorable when they sleep until we hear them growling. You've probably seen it happen because all dogs do this.
They're in deep slumber and suddenly let out a scary growl as their legs twitch.
What could be the cause of your dog growling when sleeping? For one, it could be because they are having a nightmare.
We share with you if it's normal for dogs to growl when sleeping and whether dogs do dream.
We also discuss sleep startle reflex in dogs and what to do when your dog is growling when asleep.
dog growling in sleep
Is It Normal for Dogs to Growl When Sleeping?
Yes, it is perfectly normal for dogs to make noises such as growling when they are asleep.
Aside from growling, they may also be whimpering, barking, snorting, making licking and chewing noises, and howling as signs of dreaming.
Aside from vocalizations, they may also show gestures that indicate dreaming. These include twitching their legs, moving their legs, flickering eyes, wagging their tail, and an increase in breathing.
Both vocalizations and physical manifestations are considered normal when they are dreaming.
It's alright to wake them up if it seems like they are under a great amount of distress due to a nightmare.
You also want to wake them up when they start acting weird while they are sleeping just to make sure they are safe.
Do Dogs Dream?
Dogs sleep similarly to the way we humans sleep.
They do dream. And they have both good dreams and nightmares, replaying everyday activities like chasing, eating, and playing.
They enter a deep sleep stage where their breathing becomes more irregular and they have rapid eye movements (REM). This is when dreaming occurs.
It should also be noted that some dogs dream more than others, depending on breed and age.
However, dogs do not experience sleep paralysis. This condition is usually caused by sleep deprivation, one which is very rare in our furry friends.
In sleep paralysis, we get conscious before the brain "switches on," resulting in our inability to move. Thankfully, our furry friends won't have to experience this horror!
Sleep Startle Reflex in Dogs
When your dog growls in their sleep and wakes up immediately, this is called sleep startle reflex. It's instinctive in animals because of their tendency to react quickly to dangers.
Dogs always assume that the disturbance is an enemy rather than a friend since being wakened up could mean a matter of life or death for them in the wild.
It's normal for domestic dogs to carry wild traits like this. They can suddenly bite you when they are startled by your touch, so it pays to be careful if you need to wake your dog up.
This is also normal since dogs enter into REM quicker than humans. They also sleep more than humans do.
Like us, they cycle through stages of wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Studies also show that dogs can spend 44% of their time alert, 21% drowsy, and 12% in REM sleep. They also spend 23% in the deepest stage of non-REM sleep, called slow-wave sleep.
It's impossible to know how deep your dog's sleep is, so their startle reflex can be surprising.
In normal cases, your dog will come to their senses in a second or two and stop any sudden aggression
You should take note this aggression is not a conscious attack. They don't mean to harm you, it is just their instinct.
What to Do if Your Dog Is Growling When Sleeping
Here are some things you can do to help your dog when they are growling in their sleep.
Wake Them Up Gently
If you have to wake your dog up, call their name or clap your hands so they wake up before you even touch them.
Then, lightly tap them. You can do this with your hand if they're already awake, or with a stick.
Lastly, throw them a treat. This will allow them to wake up more peacefully every time.
Make Sure Your Dog Gets Enough Sleep
Dogs need about 14 hours of sleep daily to be active and healthy. As much as possible, don't disturb their nap time.
Otherwise, it could ruin their sleep cycle.
Let Your Dog Sleep in a Separate Room
If you sleep with your dog and they growl every time they dream, it might be time to put them in a separate room.
This will help you stay safe from sudden bites at night in case you touch them intentionally or unintentionally.
It's also better for them if they are light sleepers and get interrupted easily with your movements.
You can also crate them at night. Make sure their crate is big and comfortable enough, like this Life Stages Folding Crate, because this is their safe place.
Do Not Punish Them
Your dog's growling and sleep startle reflex cannot be resolved by shouting, scolding, or even being physical.
It will just create more anxiety and fear in them which they may exhibit when they are both asleep and awake.
Again, when they growl in their sleep, just call their name calmly and quietly.
Go to the Vet
If your dog seems to be in huge distress when they are asleep, it could be because they have anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, or are in pain.
Fears and aggression can be a result of a traumatic event in their lives. On the other hand, your dog may also be growling at night to protect themselves from further physical pain.
As dogs age, they also develop cognitive dysfunction that disrupts their sleep cycles. They can be more alert, nervous, and aggressive because of it.
Go to your vet so they can determine if there is a physical or cognitive reason behind the growling in their sleep.
Your Dog Isn't Aggressive!
It is normal for dogs to growl in their sleep because they are simply dreaming. Like us, dogs can have good dreams and nightmares too.
Getting woken up and being aggressive for a second or two is also normal for dogs.
If you wish to wake them up, you must be incredibly careful. Call their name before touching them. And gently soothe them.
You can also manage this by moving them to a crate or another room. This helps them get uninterrupted sleep while you stay in bed without worrying about being bitten by your dog.
If your dog seems to be in huge distress while sleeping or if the behavior is ongoing then seek the advice of your vet.
Find out more about puppies growling and other dog body language so you can understand your pup more.
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The Huexotzinco Codex or Huejotzingo Codex is an eight-sheet document on amatl, a pre-European paper made in Mesoamerica. It is part of the testimony in a legal case against representatives of the colonial government in Mexico, ten years after the Spanish conquest in 1521. Huexotzinco (Way-hoat-ZINC-o) is a town southeast of Mexico City, in the state of Puebla. In 1521, the Nahua Indian people of the town were the allies of the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés, and together they confronted their enemies to overcome Moctezuma, leader of the Aztec Empire.
After the conquest, the Huexotzinco peoples became part of Cortés's estates. While Cortés was out of the country from 1529 to 1530, Spanish colonial administrators intervened in the daily activities of the community and forced the Nahuas to pay excessive taxes in the form of goods and services. When Cortés returned, the Nahuas joined him in a legal case against the abuses of the Spanish administrators.
The plaintiffs were successful in their suit in Mexico, and later when it was retried in Spain. The record shows [in a document uncovered in the collections of the Library of Congress] that in 1538, Charles I of Spain agreed with the judgement against the Spanish administrators and ruled that two-thirds of all tributes taken from the people of Huexotzinco be returned.
- Huexotzinco Codex World Digital Library. Library of Congress, Harkness Collection. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- This article contains text from the Library of Congress taken from here. As a work of the federal government, the text is in the public domain.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Huexotzinco Codex|
|This article about an illuminated manuscript is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Degrees of Freedom of members and joints of mechanisms govern the working of a machine. Each member of mechanism can move in certain directions or rotate about certain axes and is not allowed to move or rotate in other directions. Degrees of Freedom determine the possible movements of mechanisms.
Degrees of freedom (DoF) is related to the motion possibilities of rigid bodies. Kinematic definition for DoF of any system or its components would be "the number of independent variables or coordinates required to ascertain the position of the system or its components".
The concept of DoF in kinematics of machines is used in three ways. DoF of
1. A body relative to a reference frame.
2. A kinematic joint.
3. A mechanism.
Determining Degrees of freedom
Degrees of Freedom can be determined by analysis of motion of the concerned body or by determining the number of coordinates required to specify position of the body. In this article planar cases are considered which can be extended to spatial cases.
1. Degrees of freedom of a body relative to a specified reference frame
In a plane the position of a body relative to a reference frame can be specified by two position coordinates (say X and Y) and one coordinate (say theta)for specifying the orientation of the body. Total three coordinates are required to specify the position of the body if there are no constraints applied. The DoF will reduce as the motion of the body is restricted.
For example, a body is not allowed to move along one axis in the plane. As a result one DoF if lost thus leaving only two DoF.
2. Degrees of freedom of a kinematic joint
Two bodies connect with each other to form a joint. One body can move in a number of ways relative to the other and may be constrained in other ways. DoF of a kinematic joint is number of ways in which one member of the joint can move relative to the other member.
For example, revolute joint has one DoF as one member can move only in one way relative to the other member. It can only rotate about the axis of the joint. Prismatic joint also has only one DoF as one of the two members can slide along the other in one direction only.
Cylindrical joint has two DoF as one of the two members can rotate about the axis of the joint and can also translate along it. Two motions possible so two DoF.
3. Degrees of freedom of a mechanism
The DoF for a mechanism is defined as the number of coordinates or variables required to be specified such that the position and orientation of all the members of the mechanism can be stated as a function of time.
For determining the DoF for a mechanism we will start with assuming all the members of the mechanism free in plane and thus having three DoF each. Then we will apply constraints and DoF will reduce as the members are joined together to form mechanism.
Take the mechanism to be composed of 'n' members or links. Initially each link is assumed to be free and thus the mechanism has 3n DoF. One of the members is to be a base or frame link thus have zero DoF or it lost its all three DoF. The DoF left in the mechanism at this stage is 3n-3 or 3(n-1).
When the pairs of links form joints they will loose DoF. If the formed joint have 'Fi' DoF each then reduction in DoF is (3-Fi) as they were initially free (having 3 DoF). If there are 'j' number of joints then total reduction in DoF will be summation of (3-Fi) over 'j' number of joints. The net DoF for a mechanism can be given by


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A pentagram was an ancient symbol of the occult. It was usually represented by a five-pointed star encircled by a continuous ring. This could be displayed one point upwards, or two points upwards, depending on its use.
Spock drew a pentagram, which he referred to a "mystic symbol", as he attempted to toy with the art of magic. While standing inside the pentagram, he successfully moved a Vulcan chess piece with his newfound "powers."


text:
VOCABULARY: drunk, balcony, balance, canopy, destroys, confused
If you found the passage difficult to read or had problems understanding specific words or idiomatic expressions, please discuss them with your tutor. The following discussion questions should be answered in your own words and with your own arguments.
- Briefly, summarize the content of the article in your own words.
- Are balconies dangerous sometimes? Why or why not?
- Have you ever fell down and hurt yourself? If yes, describe what happened.
- Do you think the man could have died? Why or why not?
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
- Which country is the man in?
- What's the age of the person?
- How high is the balcony?
- The man slipped and fell down the building. (T or F)
- He only had minor injuries. (T or F)
EXPRESSIONS or PHRASES:
What do the following expressions or phrases mean?
- on a balcony (P1)
- above the ground (p1)
- loses his balance (P2)
- Really lucky (P2)
Image source: 22.08.2016 By Leeroy.ca, Public domain, _URL_


text:
So I have a little game which works with small steps, however those steps vary in time, so for example I sometimes have 10 Steps/second and then I have 20 Steps/second. This changes automatically depending on how many steps the user's computer can take. To avoid inaccurate positioning of the game's player object I use
y=v0*dt+g*dt^2/2 to determine my objects y-position, where dt is the time since the last step, v0 is the velocity of my object in the beginning of my step and g is the gravity. To calculate the velocity in the end of a step I use
v=v0+g*dt what also gives me correct results, independent of whether I use 2 steps with a dt of for example 20ms or one step with a dt of 40ms.
Now I would like to introduce air drag. For simplicity's sake I use
a=k*v^2 where a is the air drag's acceleration (I am aware that it would usually result in a force, but since I assume 1kg for my object's mass the force is the same as the resulting acceleration), k is a constant (in this case I'm using 0.001) and v is the speed.
Now in an infinitely small time interval a is k multiplied by the velocity in this small time interval powered by 2. The problem is that v in the next time interval would depend on the drag of the last which again depends on the v of the last interval and so on... In other words: If I use
a=k*v^2 I get different results for my position/velocity when I use 2 steps of 20ms than when I use one step of 40ms.
I used to have this problem for my position too, but adding
+g*dt^2/2 to the formula for my position fixed the problem since it takes into account that the position depends on the velocity which changes slightly in every infinitely small time interval.
Does something like that exist for air drag too? And no, I dont mean anything like Adding air drag to a golf ball trajectory equation or similar, for that kind of method only gives correct results when all my steps are the same. (I hope you can understand my intermediate english, it's not my main language so I would like to say sorry for all the silly mistakes I might have made in my question)


Treatments of physical and mental health are coming together
Physicians and therapists traditionally haven't collaborated much when treating the same patient, but the federal healthcare law is spurring a change.
June 09, 2013|By Anna Gorman, Los Angeles Times
 - A patient talks about her depression to therapist Neil Martin at T.H.E. Clinic in South Los Angeles. "It's so linked, physical and mental health," Martin said.
A patient talks about her depression to therapist Neil Martin at T.H.E.… (Gina Ferazzi, Los Angeles…)
Many days, the sheer weight of Iszurette Hunter's clinical depression becomes more than she can lift. She clings to her bed in her South Los Angeles home. Important obligations slide away, including keeping appointments with doctors who are trying to control her asthma and high blood pressure.
"I don't have no desire," she explains.
As the nation seeks to extend healthcare coverage to millions of new and in many cases chronically ill patients, one of the great parallel challenges to controlling costs and improving delivery of care will be managing the mental health problems of people like Hunter.
Already, about 2 million patients a year receiving care at government-subsidized community health centers also must be treated for depression, anxiety and other mental conditions, according to the National Assn. of Community Health Centers.
Officials expect many newly insured patients arriving at doctor's offices and urban and rural clinics to have mental health complications. Beginning next year, some 2.3 million additional people may require mental health services through Medicaid, the public health insurance program for the poor, according to a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Failing to diagnose and treat mental problems early can lead to far costlier visits to emergency rooms and hospitals later.
"People who are depressed or anxious or having other problems are less likely to get preventative or other primary care," said Roderick Shaner, medical director of Los Angeles County's Department of Mental Health. "Their illnesses become greater in acuity before they are seen."
Traditionally, primary care doctors and mental health practitioners have tended to treat the same patients with little coordination, experts say. Now, driven by the federal healthcare overhaul, officials in L.A. County and around the nation are confronting the financial and health consequences of poor collaboration.
County health departments are training physicians to better identify depression and other mental health problems. Doctors and therapists are sharing more information with each other about their patients. And health centers like To Help Everyone, or T.H.E., Clinic, where Hunter is treated, are expanding their mental health services.
The Affordable Care Act also expands mental health benefits and requires new health insurance plans to require depression screenings. During a speech last week, President Obama said improving diagnosis and treatment for people with mental illness is essential.
"It's not enough to help more Americans seek treatment," he said. "We also have to make sure that the treatment is there when they're ready to seek it."
In a small exam room at the South Los Angeles clinic one afternoon, Manuel Mares told the doctor his head was pounding, he felt dizzy and he had been vomiting. The previous month, Mares said, he had been to the emergency room three times with similar symptoms. Doctors there performed various exams but found nothing physically wrong. Mares said they diagnosed him with anxiety and prescribed medication.
Fidgeting and talking fast, Mares, 47, said he felt desperate. He hadn't worked in a year because of a shoulder injury. His wife had recently had surgery and his son's asthma was flaring up. "It's like when you begin to put water in an empty cup and you put drop by drop in the cup until there is no more capacity," he said. "There has to be a limit."
A clinic physician gave Mares a different prescription and urged him to see the clinic's therapist, Neil Martin. But he left without doing so.
Many of the clinic's patients have depression, which can cause symptoms such as headaches and cramps. They find it difficult to overcome because of other pressures such as getting a job, buying food and finding a place to live, Martin said. "Their problems are multifaceted," he said. "It's so linked, physical and mental health."
Martin says he tries to break the cycle of despair by identifying his patients' most pressing problem and working toward a solution.
That's crucial to keeping patients healthy and reducing demands on the most expensive parts of the healthcare system, officials say. "When you are depressed, your pain is worse," said Derrick Butler, associate medical director at T.H.E. Clinic. "When your pain is worse, you're more depressed."
Around the U.S., doctors and nurse practitioners typically spend just 15 minutes with patients — scarcely enough time to assess immediate physical ailments, let alone mental health issues, said John Bartlett, a senior advisor in the mental health program at the Carter Center.
"It's a huge unrecognized problem," Bartlett said. "And it really makes them continue to suffer.... Their medical conditions just don't get better."
Los Angeles Times Articles


When you don't act with purpose you end up doing something stupid.
Most horrific outcomes have little to do with what you actually did. Sure, it's true that for every action there is a deserved result. But that assumes that you are deliberate and purposeful with your activity.
That assumes that you know where you want to be and why getting there is so important to you. And a lot of the time, that intention is missing.
And so you do things that are stupid.
That's how it appears looking back. You just seem stupid. (Ignorant too.) The reality is that you're probably just missing an awesome purpose.
You're doing "stuff" — sometimes the "right stuff." But the motions that you are going through aren't fueled by the emotions that lead to amazing outcomes. You are missing a plan, a purpose, and obviously, passion.
So while you're making what seems to be smart business moves, you don't get smart business results.
And so you feel stupid.
And confused. And frustrated. Wondering why all of your effort isn't leading to the outsized success that you read about with others using similar strategies and tactics.
Want to fix it?
 1. Think about what you want to do.
 2. (Think about it some more. And some more)
 3. Imagine what that successful outcome feels like.
 4. Calculate (carefully) what it will cost to get you there.
 5. Plan steps to take each day that lead towards your goal.
 6. Repeat steps 1-5 daily until you get to the finish line.
Notice that "time" and "thinking" are pretty much all that is required. That's it.
That's the difference between doing what looks smart and deliberately thinking and acting for yourself.
If you don't think, you do something stupid.
You end up being a victim of whatever happens to come your way. You don't determine what happens or what you do next. You just hope that nothing bad gets in the way of you being lucky.
And that doesn't sound like a smart plan, does it?
(It sounds pretty stupid.)


If you're like me and planning to add to your ever-growing AWS Certifications, even after you completed the 5 major ones then these tips will help. Between the three specialty certifications (Network, Security and Big Data) I decided to pursue the Security Specialty Exam only because working with AWS daily Security has become the number one thing a client talks about. Not to scare anyone from taking the exam but out of all the ones that I've taken, this exam was harder than either of the Professional exams.
 - KMS – Focus on all the different KMS options
 1. API commands (Encrypt, Decrypt, Recrypt)
 2. CMK – AWS created vs Imported
 3. How to enforce annual rotation of keys
 - AWS Config
 1. The type of rules that can be setup and how to automatically remediate non-compliant rules utilizing lambda
 - Know the difference between Cloudtrail vs Cloudwatch
 - SSL communication from on-premise to ec2 including how legacy applications communicate when changing from an ELB to ALB
 - S3 access
 1. I didn't have any questions on Bucket ACL's but know the difference between an ACL and Policy
 - Cross-Account Access (S3)
 - How to regain access to an EC2 or change the key pair if they've been compromised
 - How does AWS WAF and Shield work
 - When and why should you implement a proxy server
 - Network Access Control List (Stateless) vs Security Groups (SG's are stateful)
 - How AWS Organizations work including
 1. Service Control Policies and enforcements
 - Cloudfront OAI communicate to S3
 1. Think static website or content
 - AWS Athena and viewing VPC flow logs
 1. Query the VPC flow logs
 - VPC flow logs – How can you automate or make sure VPC flow logs are enabled (Hint: AWS Config & Lambda)
 - Troubleshooting
 1. Why some instances are writing logs to Cloudwatch and others aren't or they stopped after a period of time
Items that I didn't find on my exam but that doesn't mean you shouldn't know about them.
 - CloudHSM
 - AWS Trusted Advisor
Training Materials I used:
 - ACloudGuru
 - LinuxAcademy – I actually worked for them for a brief period of time and enjoy putting together some training courses. The instructor for the Security Specialty Course is really good.
Domain 1: Incident Response
1.2 Verify that the Incident Response plan includes relevant AWS services.
1.3 Evaluate the configuration of automated alerting, and execute possible remediation of security-related incidents and emerging issues.
Domain 2: Logging and Monitoring
2.1 Design and implement security monitoring and alerting.
2.2 Troubleshoot security monitoring and alerting.
2.3 Design and implement a logging solution.
2.4 Troubleshoot logging solutions.
Domain 3: Infrastructure Security
3.1 Design edge security on AWS.
3.2 Design and implement a secure network infrastructure.
3.3 Troubleshoot a secure network infrastructure.
3.4 Design and implement host-based security.
Domain 4: Identity and Access Management
4.2 troubleshoot an authorization and authentication system to access AWS resources.
Domain 5: Data Protection
5.1 Design and implement key management and use.
5.2 Troubleshoot key management.
My final piece of advice for those taking the exam is to stay positive. It can do wonders.


text:
Proposals are invited for a special issue of Gothic Studies exploring intersections between the Gothic and medical humanities.
Gothic Studies has long grappled with suffering bodies, and the fragility of human flesh in the grip of medical and legal discourse continues to be manifest in chilling literature and film. The direction of influence goes both ways: Gothic literary elements have arguably influenced medical writing, such as the nineteenth-century clinical case study. In this second decade of the twenty-first century, it seems apt to freshly examine intersections between the two fields.
The closing years of the twentieth century saw the emergence of medical humanities, an interdisciplinary blend of humanities and social science approaches under the dual goals of using arts to enhance medical education and interrogating medical practice and discourse. Analysis of period medical discourse, legal categories and medical technologies can enrich literary criticism in richly contextualising fictional works within medical practices. Such criticism can be seen as extending the drive towards historicised and localised criticism that has characterised much in Gothic studies in recent decades.
Our field offers textual strategies for analysing the processes by which medical discourse, medical processes and globalised biotechnological networks can, at times, do violence to human bodies and minds – both of patient and practitioner. Cultural studies of medicine analyse and unmask this violence. This special issue will explore Gothic representations of the way medical practice controls, classifies and torments the body in the service of healing.
Essays could address any of the following in any period, eighteenth-century to the present:
- Medical discourse as itself Gothic (e.g., metaphors in medical writing; links between case histories and the Gothic tradition), and/or reflections on how specific medical discourses have shaped Gothic literary forms
- Illness narratives and the Gothic (e.g., using Arthur Frank's 'chaos narratives' of helplessness in The Wounded Storyteller).
- Literary texts about medical processes as torture/torment in specific historical and geographic contexts (including contemporary contexts)
- Doctors or nurses represented in literature as themselves Gothic 'victims', constrained by their medical environment
- Genetic testing; organ harvest; genetic engineering; reproductive technologies; limb prostheses; human cloning, and more.
To date the links between Gothic and psychiatric medical discourse have been the most thoroughly explored, so preference will be given to articles exploring other, non-psychiatric medical contexts in the interests of opening up new connections.
Please email 500-word abstract and curriculum vitae to Dr Sara Wasson, _EMAIL_.
Deadline for proposals: 1 October 2013.
The official journal of the International Gothic Studies Association considers the field of Gothic studies from the eighteenth century to the present day. The aim of Gothic Studies is not merely to open a forum for dialogue and cultural criticism, but to provide a specialist journal for scholars working in a field which is today taught or researched in almost all academic establishments. Gothic Studies invites contributions from scholars working within any period of the Gothic; interdisciplinary scholarship is especially welcome, as are readings in the media and beyond the written word.
For more information on Gothic Studies, including submission guidelines and subscription recommendations, please see the journals website.


Interior point method
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Interior point methods (also referred to as barrier methods) are a certain class of algorithms that solves linear and nonlinear convex optimization problems.
Example solution
John von Neumann[1] suggested an interior point method of linear programming which was neither a polynomial time method nor an efficient method in practice. In fact, it turned out to be slower in practice compared to simplex method which is not a polynomial time method. In 1984, Narendra Karmarkar developed a method for linear programming called Karmarkar's algorithm which runs in provably polynomial time and is also very efficient in practice. It enabled solutions of linear programming problems which were beyond the capabilities of simplex method. Contrary to the simplex method, it reaches a best solution by traversing the interior of the feasible region. The method can be generalized to convex programming based on a self-concordant barrier function used to encode the convex set.
Any convex optimization problem can be transformed into minimizing (or maximizing) a linear function over a convex set by converting to the epigraph form.[2] The idea of encoding the feasible set using a barrier and designing barrier methods was studied by Anthony V. Fiacco, Garth P. McCormick, and others in the early 1960s. These ideas were mainly developed for general nonlinear programming, but they were later abandoned due to the presence of more competitive methods for this class of problems (e.g. sequential quadratic programming).
Yurii Nesterov and Arkadi Nemirovski came up with a special class of such barriers that can be used to encode any convex set. They guarantee that the number of iterations of the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the dimension and accuracy of the solution.[3]
Karmarkar's breakthrough revitalized the study of interior point methods and barrier problems, showing that it was possible to create an algorithm for linear programming characterized by polynomial complexity and, moreover, that was competitive with the simplex method. Already Khachiyan's ellipsoid method was a polynomial time algorithm; however, it was too slow to be of practical interest.
The class of primal-dual path-following interior point methods is considered the most successful. Mehrotra's predictor-corrector algorithm provides the basis for most implementations of this class of methods.[4]
Primal-dual interior point method for nonlinear optimization[edit]
The primal-dual method's idea is easy to demonstrate for constrained nonlinear optimization. For simplicity consider the all-inequality version of a nonlinear optimization problem:
minimize f(x)~ subject to c_i(x) \ge 0 ~~\text{for}~ i = 1, \ldots, m,~~ x \in \mathbb{R}^n, where f : \mathbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, c_i : \mathbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}~~~~~~(1).
The logarithmic barrier function associated with (1) is
B(x,\mu) = f(x) - \mu~ \sum_{i=1}^m\ln(c_i(x))~~~~~(2)
Here \mu is a small positive scalar, sometimes called the "barrier parameter". As \mu converges to zero the minimum of B(x,\mu) should converge to a solution of (1).
The barrier function gradient is
g_b = g - \mu\sum_{i=1}^m \frac{1}{c_i(x)} \nabla c_i(x)~~~~~~(3)
where g is the gradient of the original function f(x) and \nabla c_i is the gradient of c_i.
In addition to the original ("primal") variable x we introduce a Lagrange multiplier inspired dual variable \lambda\in \mathbb{R} ^m
c_i(x) \lambda_i=\mu, \forall i=1,\ldots,m~~~~~~~(4)
(4) is sometimes called the "perturbed complementarity" condition, for its resemblance to "complementary slackness" in KKT conditions.
We try to find those (x_\mu, \lambda_\mu) for which the gradient of the barrier function is zero.
Applying (4) to (3) we get an equation for the gradient:
g - A^T \lambda = 0~~~~~~(5)
where the matrix A is the constraint c(x) Jacobian.
The intuition behind (5) is that the gradient of f(x) should lie in the subspace spanned by the constraints' gradients. The "perturbed complementarity" with small \mu (4) can be understood as the condition that the solution should either lie near the boundary c_i(x) = 0 or that the projection of the gradient g on the constraint component c_i(x) normal should be almost zero.
Applying Newton's method to (4) and (5) we get an equation for (x, \lambda) update (p_x, p_\lambda):
 W & -A^T \\
 \Lambda A & C
 p_x \\
 -g + A^T \lambda \\
 \mu 1 - C \lambda
where W is the Hessian matrix of f(x) and \Lambda is a diagonal matrix of \lambda and C is a diagonal matrix where C_{ii} is c_i(x).
Because of (1), (4) the condition
\lambda \ge 0
should be enforced at each step. This can be done by choosing appropriate \alpha:
(x,\lambda) \rightarrow (x+ \alpha p_x, \lambda + \alpha p_\lambda).
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Dantzig, George B.; Thapa, Mukund N. (2003). Linear Programming 2: Theory and Extensions. Springer-Verlag.
 2. ^ Boyd, Stephen; Vandenberghe, Lieven (2004). Convex Optimization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 0-521-83378-7. MR _PHONE_.
 3. ^ Wright, Margaret H. (2004). "The interior-point revolution in optimization: History, recent developments, and lasting consequences". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 42: 39. doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-04-01040-7. MR _PHONE_.
 4. ^ Potra, Florian A.; Stephen J. Wright (2000). "Interior-point methods". Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 124 (1–2): 281–302. doi:10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00433-7.


text:
|Van Fleet, Jennifer|
Submitted to: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Conference
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: October 1, 2003
Publication Date: October 12, 2003
Citation: Cornish, K., Van Fleet, J.E., Brichta, J.L., Knuckles, B.E. 2003. Latex yield and quality during storage of guayule (parthenium argentatum gray) homogenates. Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Conference. p.8. Technical Abstract: Extraction and purification of latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) requires that harvested shrub first be homogenized in an alkaline aqueous buffer. We have extended an earlier invistigation into the stability of the latex in homogenates made in different ways and stored under different conditions. Latex concentration declined at acidic pH, and after one month at 24 oC in one experiment, and after six months in another, when the initial latex concentration in homogenate prepared from defoliated shrub was below 5 mg/ml. This decline was less apparent in homogenates made from leafy shrub, suggesting a protective effect derived from the leaves. Storage at 4 oC prevented latex loss under all treatments. The quality of the rubber polymers in the latex fraction was investigated using size exclusion chromatography/multiangle laser light scattering detection. Polymer molecular weight and molecular radius declined in parallel, but declined faster in the dilute homogenate generated from the second grind of the guayule bagasse than in the more concentrated homogenate from once-ground shrub. Degradation was greatly slowed in all treatments when the homogenates were stored refrigerated. Polydispersity values were low in all treatments, only slightly increasing over time, with the exception of homogenate generated by the second grind of shrub in the presence of leaves and stored at 24C. The relatively rapid polymer degradation of the latex fraction in this homogenate led to an increase in polydispersity followed by a decrease as the latex fraction was degraded to below detection levels. We conclude that guayule homogenate provides a stable environment for latex yield and quality, even at room temperature, for at least 13 - 16 weeks provided that the pH is basic and the concentration of rubber particles is at least 5 mg/ml. This is in contrast to the extractable latex content of harvested branches, which is prone to rapid coagulation and degradation in situ unless the branches are stored hydrated and refrigerated.


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Examples from Current Research
Direct Observation of an Inhomogeneous Chlorine Distribution in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx Layers: Surface Depletion and Interface Enrichment
We have used hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) at different photon energies and fluorescence yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy (FY-XAS) to non-destructively investigate CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite thin films on compact TiO2. This combination of spectroscopic techniques allows the variation of information depth from the perovskite layer surface to the top-most part of the underlying compact TiO2 layer. We have taken advantage of this to understand the distribution of chlorine throughout the perovskite/TiO2 layer stack. No Cl is detected using HAXPES, indicating surface depletion of Cl and allowing us to place an upper limit on the amount of Cl in the perovskite layer: x < 0.07 and x < 0.40 to depths of ~10 nm and ~26 nm, respectively, beneath the perovskite film surface. Our FY-XAS results, however, demonstrate that there is a higher average concentration of Cl throughout the perovskite layer than at the surface (x > 0.40) consistent with both enhanced concentrations of Cl deep beneath the perovskite film surface and near the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite/TiO2 interface. The consequences of this distribution of Cl in the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite layer on device performance are discussed.
For more details see:
D.E. Starr, G. Sadoughi, E. Handick, R.G. Wilks, J.H. Alsmeier, L. Köhler, M. Gorgoi, H.J. Snaith, and M. Bär, Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 1609 (2015)
The impact of Cu2-xS surface phases and their impact on the electronic structure of CuInS2
Combining surface and near-surface bulk sensitive x-ray spectroscopies to study CuInS2 (CIS) thin-film solar cells absorbers, we could identify spatially separated areas with different surface properties. The dark and light areas (distinguishable by eye before KCN etching) are dominated by CuS and Cu2S like secondary surface phases. After the removal of the Cu2−xS phases by KCN etching the CIS samples appear similar to the eye but the surface composition still signifficantly differs; in particular in the degree of Cu-deﬁciency. We also see a change in the surface band gap (see publication for details). Such (hidden) inhomogenieties might be an explanation why respective solar cells fall behind compared to their low-gap counterparts w.r.t. device performance.
(a) Photograph of a CIS sample (½ inch × 2 inch). (b,c) S L2,3 XES spectra of dark (black spectra) and light (red spectra) CIS material before (b) and after (c) KCN etch. For comparison, the spectra of CuS and Cu2S are shown. The dark area appears to be CuS like while the light area shows more similarity to Cu2S. After the KCN etch the chemical environment of the S atoms in the near-surface bulk of the two samples as their appearance to the eye (not shown) is very similar.
XPS survey spectra of initially dark and light CIS material after KCN etching. Inset: Respective XPS spectra of the valence band region compared to that of an In2S3 reference. We observe a signiﬁcant variation of the Cu 3p line intensity, indicating a change in the In/Cu surface ratio of the two CIS samples. By fitting the respective peaks, we are able to reveal that while a Cu deficiency is found at the surface of both samples, it is signiﬁcantly more pronounced for the (initially) light CIS sample.
For more details see:
M.Bär, J. Klaer, L. Weinhardt, R.G. Wilks, S. Krause, M. Blum, W. Yang, C. Heske, and H.-W. Schock Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 777–781
Si-O formation at the Si/ZnO thin-film solar cell interface
State-of-the-art thin-film silicon solar cells often feature ZnO:Al as a transparent window layer. Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) was used to investigate the resulting buried Si/ZnO interface. It was found that the solid phase crystallization (SPC) of the (initially) amorphous silicon leads to an (additional) formation of Si-O bonds at the Si/ZnO interface. Furthermore, the ZnO could be identified as the oxygen source for this process. Altogether, this may shed new light on why solar cells based on Si/ZnO layer stacks fall behind w.r.t. the expected device efficiencies.
Si 1s photoemission spectra for excitation energies (hν) ranging from 2 to 8 keV before (black) and after a SPC heat treatment. The two main emission features can be attributed to Si-Si and Si-Ox bonds, respectively. The slightly narrower Si-Si emission line can be explained with the transformation of amorphous silicon into polycrystalline silicon. The strong post-SPC increase of the Si-Ox related signal clearly indicates a Si (surface) oxidization when doing the SPC ex-situ.
Si 1sSi–Ox/Si 1sSi–Si intensity ratio of the Si/ZnO layer stack compared to that of a reference system in which Si–OX bonds are exclusively present at the surface (an oxidized Si wafer).for ex-situ (a) and in-situ (b) SPC-treated samples. The increase of this intensity ratio with increasing excitation energy (i.e., inelastic mean free path) does not agree with the behavior predicted by the surface oxidation model (dotted grey lines) and thus can be interpreted as a strong indication of an oxidation at the Si/ZnO interface.
For more details see:
M.Wimmer, M.Bär, D.Gerlach, R.G.Wilks, S.Scherf, C.Lupulescu, F.Ruske, R.Felix, J.Hüpkes, G.Gavrila, M.Gorgoi, K.Lips, W.Eberhardt, and B.Rech, Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the buried Si/ZnO thin-film solar cell interface: Direct evidence for the formation of Si–O at the expense of Zn-O bonds, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 152104 (2011).
Band alignment at the CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell heterojunction
Earth-abundant Cu2ZnSnS4 ("CZTS") kesterites are promising absorbers for thin-film solar cells. A combination of direct and inverse photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the band alignment at the CdS/CZTS interface. A "cliff"-like conduction band offset was revealed and a significant etch-induced enhancement of the energetic barrier for charge carrier recombination across the CdS/CZTS interface was found.
UPS (left) and IPES (right) spectra of (a) the KCN-CZTS, (b) the CdS/KCN-CZTS, (c) the CZTS, and (d) the CdS/CZTS sample surfaces. The linear extrapolation (red solid lines) of the leading UPS and IPES edges to determine VBM and CBM, respectively, is indicated. The determined surface band gap,, of the absorber layer is significantly increased after KCN-etching. The "cliff-like" conduction band offset at the CdS/CZTS interface, however, remains the same within measurement accuracy (see also the figure on the right-hand side).
Schematic presentation of the band positions at the kesterite and CdS/kesterite sample surfaces and resulting band alignment at the interface. The red schemes and numbers represent the situation for the KCN-etched CZTS absorber. The experimental uncertainty for the VBM and CBM is ± 0.10 eV, and that for the Egsurf and interface band gap Eg,i values is 0.15 eV.
For more details see:
M. Bär, B.-A. Schubert,, B. Marsen, R. G. Wilks, S. Pookpanratana, M. Blum, S. Krause, T. Unold, W. Yang, L. Weinhard, C. Heske, and H.-W. Schock, Cliff-like conduction band offset and KCN-induced recombination barrier enhancement at the CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cell heterojunction, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 222105 (2011).
Depth-resolved band gap in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin filmsThe surface composition of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 ("CIGSSe") thin films intrinsically deviates from the corresponding bulk composition, which also modifies the electronic structure and thus the optical properties. We used a


A Dream Come True
4_15_fortune-cookieDo you ignore your dreams? Christmas is a good season to pay attention to them.
Do you know where the highest concentration of dreams occurs in the Bible? (Hint, think Christmas…)
It's in the context of the story of Jesus' birth, but only in one of the gospels (more on that soon).
Have you ever thought about the expression, "It's a dream come true!" The logical connotation of that phrase would suggest that the vast majority of dreams do not in fact come true. It surprises us when it does.
Because we don't take them seriously, most of us don't pay attention to our dreams. We assume that our subconscious just imports events from our awake-world into our sleep-world–what we just watched, what we just read, what we just ate (particularly when we dream of a dancing burrito).
Whenever dreams are talked about in Scripture there's no surprise, people assume the dream should be taken seriously since God speaks through dreams.
Three books of the Bible contain the vast majority of references to dreams: Genesis, Daniel, and Matthew. The dreamers of Genesis include Abimelech, Jacob, Laban, Joseph, the cupbearer, the baker and Pharaoh. In Daniel it's Nebuchadnezzar and Daniel.
Curiously, Matthew is the only gospel writer to mention dreams. In Matthew the people who dream dreams are Joseph the adoptive father of Jesus, the wisemen (I think there were five of them), and Pilate's wife. Matthew's gospel speaks of six separate dreams,
five of them in the context of Jesus' birth in only 28 verses (Matt. 1:20; 2:12, 13, 19, 22; 27:19). Joseph of Nazareth experienced four dreams recorded in Scripture, more than any other biblical character.
The dreams of Matthew aren't primarily predicting the future, they are giving guidance, in each instance somehow protecting Jesus. Joseph's dreams tell him: 1) Marry Mary, 2) Go to Egypt, 3) Return from Egypt, 4) Go to Galilee. The wisemen are told not to go back to Herod, and Pilate's wife warns her husband to "have nothing to do with Jesus" (which Pilate ignores–how would things have been different if he had followed her advice?). All the dream warnings surrounding Jesus' birth are heeded. Praise God that these people took dreams seriously.
Why does Matthew uniquely have so many dreams, particularly surrounding the birth of Jesus? I don't know. But I do know God still speaks through dreams, and as we reflect on the birth of our saviour during this season of Advent, ask God to guide you as he did Joseph and the wisemen while you sleep.
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Next:, Previous:, Up: Defining Commands [Contents][Index]
20.2.3 Examples of Using interactive
Here are some examples of interactive:
(defun foo1 () ; foo1 takes no arguments,
 (interactive) ; just moves forward two words.
 (forward-word 2))
 ⇒ foo1
(defun foo2 (n) ; foo2 takes one argument,
 (interactive "^p") ; which is the numeric prefix.
 ; under shift-select-mode,
 ; will activate or extend region.
 (forward-word (* 2 n)))
 ⇒ foo2
(defun foo3 (n) ; foo3 takes one argument,
 (interactive "nCount:") ; which is read with the Minibuffer.
 (forward-word (* 2 n)))
 ⇒ foo3
(defun three-b (b1 b2 b3)
 "Select three existing buffers.
Put them into three windows, selecting the last one."
 (interactive "bBuffer1:\nbBuffer2:\nbBuffer3:")
 (split-window (selected-window) 8)
 (switch-to-buffer b1)
 (other-window 1)
 (split-window (selected-window) 8)
 (switch-to-buffer b2)
 (other-window 1)
 (switch-to-buffer b3))
 ⇒ three-b
(three-b "*scratch*" "declarations.texi" "*mail*")
 ⇒ nil


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Government expenditure and economic growth in Kenya: An empirical analysis (_PHONE_)
Njuguna, Joyce N
MetadataShow full item record
This research was triggered by the need to analyze the effects of Government Expenditure on economic growth. This was informed by the fact that, since 1963, economic growth has experienced upswings and downswings. On average, the economy grew at an annual average rate of 6.71 percent between 1963 and 1973. The years that followed saw a recess in economic growth hitting a nadir of -0.3 in the fiscal year 2000/2001. This saw a revival of the economy in the fiscal year 2003/2004 accelerating to 6.1 percent in the fiscal year 2006/2007. The above scenario was beside the fact that expenditure allocations in the various sectors of the Government exhibited an upward slope since 1963 except in the fiscal year 1969/1970 when there was a sharp drop in the expenditure allocations. Thus, there is a cause of concern to policy makers on the implications of the expenditure levels to economic growth. A methodology adopted from Abedian and Standish (1984) is used to analyze the trends and composition of Government expenditure and the contribution of such expenditure components to economic growth. The results of the analysis show that there is need for the Government to prioritize expenditure allocations in the productive sectors of the economy for example, agriculture, health, infrastructure and education and streamline others. These sectors would help to improve the investment environment to the private sector which is the engine of growth. Moreover, it would improve the welfare of the citizens by increasing employment levels and per capital income.


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Student satisfaction with cooperative learning in an Accounting curriculum
- Centre for Educational Development and Interactive Resources (CEDIR)
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 2008, 5 (2), pp. 39 - 54
- Issue Date:
Cooperative learning has been introduced into International Accounting, a second year subject at a major Australian university. The purpose was to provide students with a satisfying experience of learning within a social context and to develop their interpersonal, professional and written communication skills. The main data were collected during the Spring Semester 2005. In the penultimate lecture, a questionnaire was distributed to each of the students present. Findings suggest that despite some difficulties, the majority of students reported that cooperative learning created supportive team experiences that assisted them to develop discussion skills and better engage with the content of International Accounting.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


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Boundary training for your dog is the act of teaching him to stay in or out of certain areas. In this article, we'll say that the kitchen is the room that you would like your dog to stay out of. Boundary training isn't difficult, but it does take some time during the beginning phases, and requires some management until the training is completed.
To start, have your dog on leash and some yummy treats on hand. Step toward your kitchen boundary and stop just before entering. Reward your dog for stopping with you; if necessary, call his name as you come to a stop to ensure that he will stop, too. Reward several times in a row with your dog on the outside of the kitchen boundary with you. Back up and approach the kitchen boundary several more times, stopping just outside the kitchen and rewarding the dog for stopping outside with you. Continue like this until your dog is anticipating stopping outside the kitchen.
Next, as you walk toward the kitchen, continue one step past the boundary, turn back to your dog and reward him for staying outside the kitchen. Repeat this several times — gradually stepping farther into the kitchen each time, while your dog remains outside the kitchen. Remember to keep returning to your dog to reward him for staying outside the kitchen. In your training sessions, vary distance and duration. That means that in one training session you stay close to the boundary but increase the time between rewards, and in the next session you go farther from the boundary but come back quickly to reward your dog. Work toward increasing distance and duration during the same training session.
Completing your boundary training will likely take several weeks. There will be times, such as when you're cooking or eating, when you need to manage the kitchen boundary. This is when you should give your dog a treat-stuffed toy, while he relaxes in his crate.


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Bombing of Wesel in World War II
Wesel became a target of the Allies, particularly in its strategic position as a depot with bridges on the Rhine. On the 16, 17, 18 and 19 February 1945, the town was attacked by the Royal Air Force with impact and air-burst weapons and almost entirely destroyed.
On 23 March, Wesel came under the fire of over 3,000 guns when it was bombarded anew, in preparation for Operation Plunder. That day 80 Lancasters from No. 3 Group RAF attacked Wesel Then that night of 23/24 March, 195 Lancasters and 23 Mosquitos of RAF Bomber Command No. 5 Group aided in the softening up of the German defenders. 97% of the town was destroyed before it was finally taken by Allied troops and the population had fallen from almost 25,000 in 1939 to 1,900 in May 1945.
The town was taken quickly with 36 civilian casualties. Field-Marshal Montgomery said "the bombing of Wesel was a masterpiece, and was a decisive factor in making possible our entry into the town before midnight."
See also
|This article about a battle of World War II is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


The Richest Man in Babylon – Book Summary
Richest Man in Babylon Cover
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This book is created from the ancient tablet found in the rich city of Babylon. This tablet consists of timeless principles on finance and considered a cure to the lean purse problem. It is said the most of the famous principles of investing and finance are derived from this tablet.
Any person who wants to learn personal finance principles in short stories should read this book. This covers topics about luck in a person's life to things to consider when lending principles. The principles mentioned in the tablet made Babylon a rich city along with the people living in it.
The Richest Man in Babylon
This chapter starts off with a story about two friends, Bansir and Kobi, discussing how they dreamt about having lots of wealth. Both friends dreamt about having lots of gold coins to make their purses fat but till today failed to do it.
They start to wonder the reason behind it but fail to realize. Kobi witnesses a rich person in a golden chariot and clothes made of fine silk wonder about his secret for his wealth. Bansir soon realized that the rich person was their school Arkad and was also the richest man in Babylon.
Bansir and Kobi then decide to take the guidance and understand the secret behind the wealth. Arkad being childhood friend agrees to share his secret with them.
Arkad mentioned that
 - Every person when receiving the salary should at least save 10% of the income before paying off the bills or making any purchases.
 - The saved money should be put at work where it starts multiplying itself and further generating more wealth.
 - Advice is one thing that everyone gives for free, but advice should be taken from individuals from expertise in their respective fields only. Eg investing tips on finance should be taken from a finance expert and not a gambler.
 - Staying away from the investment opportunity that promises exorbitant returns as those are huge risks and way to lose the money. A small return with assured safe investment is always better.
Cure for the Lean Purse
 This chapter describes to the reader the ways to increase saving. Once King of Babylon was facing the problem of poverty and the decline of trade in the kingdom. Facing this problem the King called up Arkad once again to solve this problem.
Arkad along with King decided to share the financial learning with the people in the kingdom that he had learned all along with his life. Arkad starts his story mentioning that he had started with a humble beginning.
For every money you receive, keep one-tenth of the money and eventually, it will increase money in saving which will help you feel good.
To have a clear understanding between necessary expenses with desire, if one does not have a clear budgeting system in place will eventually have empty pockets by the end of the month. So have a budget for expenses for and clear understanding of necessary expenses. Limit your expenses to 90% of your earning.
Saving 10 % of earnings is the start. The next step is investing the money so that it starts multiplying itself. This starts producing a stream of income contributing to one's wealth.
Learning to guard small amounts of money before handling large amounts of money. Not being misleading to make huge wealth rapidly.
Ensuring a future income. A person should plan certain investments or provisions that may endure safely for many years. Provide in advance for the needs of the growing age and the protection of the family.Increasing your earning ability cultivate the power by studying and becoming wiser, to become more skillful. This will increase the wealth of the individual.
Understanding Luck
This story starts with King of Babylon along with his advisors one fine evening discussing luck. King wanted to understand luck and if there was any way to attract it.
Each subject in the meeting mentioned instances where some had luck and some misfortune. Then the discussion turned to create money through gambling. Most of the time creating riches from gambling is not possible. The gambling house creates odds in such a way that the person playing has more probability of losing money compared to winning the money.
As the discussion continued the conclusion was drawn that good luck comes to those who accept the opportunity. Most of the time people are not able to take action on the opportunity and fall prey to procrastination.
While luck follows in such a way that the men take quick action on the opportunity desiring to be lucky. The spirit of procrastination follows men that they tend to delayed action and in the event, the opportunity is lost.
Once a person understands the procrastination and masters it then he is truly on the path of creating riches for himself. The ending note of this chapter is the men who take action are favored by the goddess of luck.
Babylonian Proverb
Babylonian Proverb
The Five Laws of Wealth
Here is the story where the richest man in Babylon Arkad tests the wealth management skills of his son named Nomasir. Nomasir was asked to prove his earning and management skill after which the wealth created by Arkad will be passed on to him.
While Nomasir embarked on this journey he was given some gold coin and the tablet which mentioned the five laws of wealth. Nomasir lost all the gold coins which were handed to him. The son persisted and followed the five principles of wealth and returned with bags filled with gold.
The five laws of wealth
 1. The more money is saved, the more readily it comes in increased quantities. The money which is saved earns more money, and it earns more & more.
 2. Every man who saves some money aside, opportunity comes for its most profitable use that it surprisingly multiplies itself.
 3. Money clings to the protection of the cautious owner who invests it under the advice of men wise in its handling.
 5. Money flees from the man who would force it to impossible earnings or who follows the alluring advice of tricksters and schemers or who trusts it to his own inexperience desires in investment.
Gold Lender of Babylon
This story teaches about lending. This solves the dilemma regarding lending and how to lend money or invest money in the business. The story revolves around the spear maker named Rodan in the city of Babylon. Rodan was gifted gold coins by the King for his craftsmanship.
Rodan's sister came to know about this and asked Rodan to lend that gold coin so her husband could start a business. Rodan was not sure whether this investment was the best option.
Rodan went to a moneylender named Mathon who would lend money to people to start their business. Rodan wanted to seek the counsel of the expert. Mathon seeing that Random wanted to make the best use of the money was a delight and shared his wisdom.
Rules of Lending
 - Help friends in such a way that it will not bring in the burden of friends on to yourself
 - When lending, always secure a token as security so that if the person fails to pay back the money, the lender's money is not lost.
 - The safest loans are those whose possessions are of more value than the one they desire.
 - Lending money to people always asks about their plan of repaying the money back. Check the knowledge of the person and their source of money generation.
 - Never be swayed by mentions or obligation to trust money to other people.
 - Not investing money in risky opportunities where there is a chance of losing money is always better than investing in these opportunities.
understanding Lending
Tablets from the Richest Man in Babylon
Along the chapter, the author mentions that his archaeological team found ancient clay tablets. The clay tablets mentioned words for leading a life of happiness and success.
Words from Tablets
 - A man should keep doing the deeds which makes it worthwhile for his nation & people. This in return will get respect from the nation and people.
 - Taking good care of wife and family as they add in the additional strength to man's vision
 - seeking easy wealth is the way to find disaster and to see oneself in the debts
 - If you truly seek to undo your mistake and ask for forgiveness with clear intentions most of the time you will receive forgiveness.
This book uncovered that people who desired wealth had an understanding of how money works. People of Babylon discovered the money principle which made the people and the city the richest city at its time. It is really amazing how the money principles have stayed the same for ages and are used even today with few tweaks.
One-Line Take-Away
 - Always set 10% of income and invest it in the right places.
 - Getting rich overnight schemes are all risk opportunities to lose money.
 - Learning and cultivating the right mindset is a must to make a person wealthy.
Book Recommended
This is a small book who is looking to understand how money works but is written in old English. This book has stories to make each reader understand money principles and also inspire along the way.
Score – 7/10
Roopesh Bhosle is an author at Hackedwits and writes on summary for books from Business and Finance. A Project Manager at day and content writer at night. Love to learn new things, to connect dots in life. Connect with me on LinkedIn for collaboration on project or Guest Post
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Jeg Gikk Meg Over Sjo og Land: A Journey for the Future into the Past
Using Scandinavian immigrant culture as a backdrop, this project presents an integrated multiple intelligences approach to teaching Kindergarten and elementary school students about their music, history, and cultural inheritance. The paper describes eight themes that formed the framework of the eight-week music curriculum used in the project. Examples of the childrens artwork and creative writing are included in the work. The author concludes that raising childrens awareness of a single specific culture through their music, dance, art, and food preferences stimulates the childrens curiosity about their own heritage resulting in increased communication with their family members and greater self-knowledge. The project also created a more positive and productive teaching/learning relationship between the instructor and the various class members and gave the students an opportunity to share their discoveries with the rest of the schools population.
Advisor:Dr. James Kriley; Dorothy Morrison; Karen A. Kaufmann
School:The University of Montana
School Location:USA - Montana
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:09/19/2007