Safety Precautions when using a sex machine
Sexual pleasure is the birthright of any human being. Being a vital life source, it deserves to be accepted, understood, cherished and nurtured. With the invention of sex machines, science again proved why it so powerful. After doing many surveys among the audiences, scientists work on it and develop it. So, when the question arises of safety precautions while using a sex machine, there are several serious safety advice is given by scientists.
These days when many people are using sex machines without any fear or shyness, they also need to look after their machines. As it happens that most of the people use sex machines, but they do not wash it or keep it in a suitable place. These irregularities can cause you some health problems. Thus, clever and strong use of a sex machine can give you great pleasure. But, simultaneously, you also need to take care of your bodily health while using a sex-machine. So, if you have bought your first sex toy – congratulations! It would now give you an amazing experience in sexual life by using sex machines. However, some of the safety precautions while using a sex machine are discussed below which can be helpful for you.
6 Safety Precautions while Using Sex Machines:
Often Wash and Keep Clean Your Sex Machine
It is the most important safety precaution which you must follow. When you always wash your machine, it would not only give you healthy sex but also mental satisfaction. It is not only for safety perspective, but also from a maintenance one. Whenever you use your machine, you get all sorts of fluids onto your machine. Generally, most of your internal fluids are not dangerous outright, but it left untouched it can lead to bacteria growth. When you are using your unwashed machine the next day, you are doing nothing but coming to your body in the contact of several nasty bacteria. So, for healthy sex, you must wash your machine before and after its use. Simple soap and water would be enough to wash it.
Do Not Share Your Sex Machines to Anybody
Sometimes, people who use a sex machine, share it with their partners or friends after giving a clean wash. It is not something illegal or a sin to share your sex machines with someone else. But the problem is that in the real world, things never play out that way. You should not share your machines with others because this may give you an internal infection. There can be two big reasons you should not take someone other's sex-machine. First is that he/she may simply not wash the toy well enough after they are done, or he/she never cares as if it is their sex-machine. However, if anyhow you want to share your machine, you can simply put a condom on it before each use.
Battery Safety
Apart from dildos and simple anal toys like anal beads, you can also get some sex machines which run on battery. But, to use a battery machine, several things which you should take care of. First things which you should consider to only wash your sex machines from outside. Because the machine contains several electronic components that can be damaged with water. It would also let damage your sex-machine. Though many sex machines are waterproof, it is not able to protect your battery. So, if you still want to wash your machine regularly, you should remove your battery.
Make Sure to Dry Your Sex Machines before Recharging
This one of the tips to save your battery. Many people use a sex machine and keep that without washing and drying it. When they plug in to recharge the machine, the wetness of your machine can cause your battery damage. There is also a certain chance of a short circuit within your machine. So, always try to recharge your machines after drying them.
Keep Your Sex Machines in a Cool and Dry Place
When someone does not use a sex machine regularly, he/she may have a secret place where they keep or store their machines. A secret place somewhere that his/her friends and family would not be able to find easily. However, one thing which you should also consider that to keep your sex machines in a relatively cool place. It is because if you leave them in a warm environment, they may start to deform over time. With the deforming shape of these machines, your mind would not allow us to use them. So, to maintain the duration and performance of the sex machine, you should keep your machines away from the sun, heater or any other sources of heat.
Use the Sex Machines as They were Intended (more or less)
To ensure that you are safe when using your sex toys, you need to make sure you aren't getting too crazy with how you use them in the first place. For example, when you use a butt plug, always make sure to keep the lip outside of your body, to keep the toy from slipping inside of you completely. If you use a vibrator, do not try to suck it on to the wrong end. If you have bought a sex machine, but you do not have any idea to use it, you should check for a comprehensive guide to understand the right use of your machine. This link will direct you to detailed guides that you can read, and product offerings that you might like.
Thus, some of the safety precautions which you should consider while using sex machines are discussed above. The common phenomenon of sex machines has reached to people. The business market of these sex machines also has been established on a large scale. Several online shopping websites also sell some excellent sex machines. The only thing which you should keep in mind about the safety of your health and your machines. Thus, when it comes to the pricier sex toys, it's a good feeling knowing that you are truly getting the most out of your purchase before having to replace it.
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Best Language Learning Games: Part 3 of 5
Full size imageA Guest Post by Marc Anderson
This article features a language game using lettered dice called Throw It – Create It. Last week, a language game similar to Smart Mouth was shared. The game Scrambleword was featured previously in Part 1 of 5 as one of my top best learning games for ELL students. Here's how you play Throw It – Create It:
Throw It – Create It
How to Play
Throw It – Create It is similar to Boggle. It uses 16 letter cubes that are placed in a covered jar. One player shakes the jar and pours out the letters into a small box lid that is approximately 4 by 4 inches.
Anderson_ThrowIt-Create-ItThe player arranges the letter cubes so none of them are overlapping and sets the box down so everyone can see; the letter cubes should form a grid that is four die by four die. Players search for an assortment of letters for words of three or more letters within a specified time limit.
Words are formed from horizontal, vertical, or diagonal; and to the left, right, and up, and down. To spell words, the letter cubes must be touching from one cube to the next cube.
No letter may be used more than once in a single word. Any word found in a standard English dictionary is acceptable. There are no proper nouns, abbreviations or contractions.
When the time runs out, the players read their lists; if any other players have that word, it is crossed off and no one gets credit for it. You are awarded points for each word that is correctly spelled that no other player has listed. Points can be decided on ahead of time by the students. You might want to have 1 point for three-letter words, 2 points for four-letter words, etc., up to 8 or more letters. The cube "QU" counts for 2 letters.
Materials Needed
 1. 16 blank cubes and a permanent marker or other cubes (see #1 below and white stickers)
 2. One small jar with lid
 3. One small box lid (4 by 4 inches)
 4. Paper and pencils for students
 5. Clock or timer
 6. Dictionary to check spelling
How to Make the Game
 - You can use dice from other games, make wooden dice, or purchase dice either at a learning store or online. If you need to cover up what's on the old dice, use white stickers and then write the letters in permanent marker.
 - Write one letter on each side of the die. There is room for 96 letters. Mix the letters up on the die. You will have:
 - 5 each: A, E, I, O, U, R, S, T, L, N
 - 2 each: J, K, V, W, X, Y
 - 1 each: QU, Z
 - Adjusting points: You can play for totals each round, play to reach a tournament score of so many points, or play for a certain length of time.
 - Adjusting time: You can choose the length of your rounds based on the proficiency of your students; advanced students might do well with only 2 minutes, while lower-level students might benefit from longer periods of time.
 - Adjusting your letters: For lower-level students, you can, when creating the game, change the frequency of the letters you choose to put on the dice. For example, you can provide more vowels in exchange for some of the less-frequent letters, like W, X, or Y.
Look for Part 4 of my Best of the Best next week!
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Corylus cornuta
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Beaked Hazel)
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Corylus cornuta'
Corylus cornuta.jpg
Beaked Hazel foliage
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Genus: Corylus
Species: C. cornuta
Binomial name
Corylus cornuta
Corylus cornuta range map 2.png
Natural range of Corylus cornuta
Corylus cornuta (Beaked Hazel) is a deciduous shrubby hazel found in most of North America, from southern Canada south to Georgia and California. It grows in dry woodlands and forest edges and can reach 4–8 metres (13–26 ft) tall with stems 10–25 centimetres (3.9–9.8 in) thick with smooth gray bark. The leaves are rounded oval, coarsely double-toothed, 5–11 centimetres (2.0–4.3 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad, with hairy undersides. The flowers are catkins that form in the fall and pollinate in the following spring.
Corylus cornuta is named from its fruit, which is a nut enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension 2–4 centimetres (0.79–1.57 in) long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts, which are surrounded by a hard shell, are edible.
There are two varieties:[1]
 - Corylus cornuta var. cornuta – Eastern Beaked Hazel. Small shrub, 4 to 6 m tall;[1] 'beak' longer, 3 cm or more.
 - Corylus cornuta var. californica – Western Beaked Hazel or California Hazelnut. Large shrub, 4 to 15 m tall;[1] 'beak' shorter, usually less than 3 cm. The Concow tribe called this variety gōm'-he''-ni (Konkow language).[2]
The seeds are dispersed by jays and rodents such as red squirrels and least chipmunks.[1] Although C. cornuta is somewhat shade tolerant, it more common in open forests than denser ones.[1] Fire kills the above-ground portion of the shrub, but it resprouts fairly readily after fire, and in fact American Indians in California and Oregon used fire to encourage hazelnut growth, as they used hazelnuts for food, baskets, medicine, and other purposes.[1]
 1. ^ a b c d e f Fryer, Janet L. (2007). "Corylus cornuta". Fire Effects Information System.
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Rates and Symptoms of PTSD among CocaineDependent Patients
Lisa M. Najavits, Ragna Runkel, Christina Neuner, Arlene F. Frank, Michael E. Thase, Paul Crits-Christoph, Jack Blaine
Objective: This study evaluated lifetime traumatic events and current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a substance abuse sample. Method: Participants in the study consisted of 558 (75.1% male) cocaine-dependent individuals who completed self-report measures of trauma and PTSD symptoms prior to entry into treatment. Results: Results showed a high number of lifetime traumatic events, even among those without PTSD. General disaster was the most prevalent. Current PTSD was found in 10.9% of the participants, with a significantly higher rate among women (21.6%) than among men (7.2%). For those with PTSD, the most prominent PTSD symptom cluster was arousal, and the most common symptoms were restricted affect, detachment and irritability. Participants with PTSD endorsed a large number of symptoms, almost double that needed to meet diagnostic criteria; however, neither number of traumas nor type of trauma was associated with their level of PTSD symptoms. Even among those not meeting PTSD criteria, subthreshold symptoms were found, with avoidance the most prominent cluster. Sociodemographic and recent cocaine use variables did not differentiate the PTSD from non-PTSD groups. Conclusions: PTSD is present in a sizeable percentage of cocaine-dependent treatmentseeking patients, particularly women. Clinicians might address arousal symptoms in particular, which were the most prominent symptom cluster, and which may be exacerbated by cocaine use. Even among those without PTSD, lifetime trauma is substantial and subthreshold PTSD symptoms are common. Vulnerability to PTSD needs further study, as sociodemographic and cocaine use variables did not distinguish between PTSD and non-PTSD groups. (J. Stud. Alcohol 64: 601-606, 2003)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


translating to mean 'the real place' in Japanese, is the managerial practice of visiting the shop floor, talking to line operators and assembly workers, and seeing where the real value is created on the production line. Managers and leaders taking a Gemba walk around their facility should look for real examples of Muda, Mura, and Muri and identify how to reduce or eliminate these wastes. While the goal of a Gemba walk is to see issues and fix them, genchi genbutsu is a strategy to create consensus for a common goal.
Not Just for the Facility
video: Genchi Genbutsu
While most of the focus of genchi genbutsu will be on making improvements within the facility, that is not the only way this strategy can be helpful. Taking employees out to see where the products they make are actually being used can also help a facility in many ways.
For example, if a company makes riding lawn mowers, it may be helpful to have front-line employees and supervisors go out and spend a day with a lawn services company. Watch how their products are used and what improvements might be possible. This can give the team ideas for what changes they might be able to make to add more value.
Without going and seeing, the company may never even discover there is an improvement opportunity. While it is not possible to go out to each place where products are used, it is a valuable effort to do it at least occasionally. Even if a company makes a very common product that most people have used, finding people who use it differently and talking to them can be very helpful.
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From the Göbekli Tepe Research Project
A rather odd figure: The so-called Kilisik Sculpture from Adıyaman, Turkey
The apparently anthropomorphic appearance and meaning of (at least some of) the T-shaped pillars known from Göbekli Tepe, Nevalı Çori (and likely many of the other sites with similar pillars in the area too) could have been convincingly explained by a number of very characteristic details depicted in reliefs on these pillars. Among them arms and hands as well as stola-like garments and, in the case of Göbekli Tepe's Pillars 18 and 31 (in Building D), even belts and loincloths.
D1Js5VPWoAA0bxt.jpg large
The characteristic T-pillars can be recognized as larger-than-life human(-like) sculptures due to a number of specific elements. (Illustration: J. Notroff)
It was the discovery of these peculiar new type of T-shaped pillars, for the first time excavated in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement of Nevalı Çori on the middle Euphrates (like Göbekli Tepe in Şanlıurfa Province) in the 1980s [external link], which also shed new light onto another find – until then rather considered an archaeological oddity – of a unique piece of sculpture: The so-called Kilisik Sculpture found in 1965 near Adıyaman in southeastern Turkey.
The sculpture was originally found by a local farmer and purchased from him by two archaeology students working at the excavations in Arsameia "about an hour by horse north-west of the Roman bridge in the village of Kilisik" and later transferred to the Archaeological Museum in Adıyaman (Hauptmann 2012, 18-20). The stele is measuring c. 80 cm in height and carved from limestone, the conspiciously T-shaped head shows a broader back and rather slim face with an emphasized nose and only suggested eyes. Arms are depicted on both sides of the body, the hands meeting above the belly at some bulge which can be identified as head of another, smaller figure below. Whose left arm is more or less hanging down, but the right hand seems to reach towards its lower body – where a circular hollow was carved into the stone (Hauptmann 2012, 20 (in an earlier interpretation, Hauptmann (2000, 8-9) even discussed the possibility to read head and body of the smaller figure as navel and penis depictions, cf. also Verhoeven 2001)). Whether or not this hollow already was part of the sculpture's original design or was later added (maybe for a phallus to be mounted or something similar, or to indicate a hermaphroditic nature of the figure as e.g. Hodder and Meskell (2011, 238) suggested) remains unclear.
Although its original find context still could not have been figured out (Hauptmann (2012, 18) suggested an early Neolithic settlement north of the village), the Kilisik Sculpture is an extraordinary find among depictions and sculptures of that period due to its specific shape, apparently combining characteristics of very different elements of other types of known Neolithic sculpture:
 1. While significantly smaller, it still shares the rather abstract T-form of the much larger (in case of Göbekli Tepe up to 5.5 m high) T-pillars – including the depiction of arms on the sides and hands above the 'stomach'.
 Göbekli Tepe_Fig. 3
 Pillar 31 in Building D showing anthropomorphic features like hands and arms and pieces of clothing (Photo: N. Becker, DAI).
 2. The sculpture's face, however, in particular the emphasised nose, resembles a group of more naturalistic, often (but not exclusively) life-sized human sculptures, of which the one from Urfa-Yeni Mahalle (so-called Urfa Man) may be the best known example (showing a similar gesture, also reaching towards the lower body, both hands covering (and hiding) the genitals – or pointing towards a small hollow (into which, again, a phallus could have been inserted?)). From Göbekli Tepe there are known at least a number of limestone heads (originally most probably belonging to similar sculptures) – also featuring the characteristic nose part of the face.
 3. Finally, the Kilisik Sculpture combining a larger figure grabbing a smaller one by its head below again is reminiscent of another peculiar find of a large composite sculpture from Göbekli Tepe – featuring a larger animal (?) with human-like arms grabbing for another individual's head, and yet another, smaller, figure underneath. A similar, also composite sculpture was furthermore discovered almost 20 years earlier at Nevalı Çori too (Schmidt 2012, 73-76).
 Composite sculpture from Göbekli Tepe (Photo: N. Becker, DAI).
This combination of very specific and very different elements and ideas makes the sculpture from Kilisik so special among Pre-Pottery Neolithic image representations and forms an interesting link between the various types of sculptural art of the period. Hauptmann (2012, 22) even suggested to interpret this scene as a 'mother and child' motive (known i.a. from two of Nevalı Çori's clay figurines). In this case the Kilisik example would represent the first female depiction to be associated with the T-shaped sculptures. Since the depiction lacks clear sexual characteristics, this remains a rather vague and ambivalent possibility asking for further research. The Kilisik Sculpture, however, already could demonstrate that with a growing number of such finds our understanding of the complexity of early Neolithic art is still increasing.
H. Hauptmann, Ein frühneolithisches Kultbild aus Kommagene, in: J. Wagner (ed.), Gottkönige am Euphrat. Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Kommagene, Mainz 2000, 5-9.
H. Hauptmann, Frühneolithische Kultbilder in der Kommagene, in J. Wagner (ed.), Gottkönige am Euphrat. Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Kommagene, 2. erweiterte Auflage , Darmstadt/Mainz 2012, 13-22. [external link]
I. Hodder and L. Meskell, A "Curious and Sometimes a Trifle Macabre Artistry. Some Aspects of Symbolism in Neolithic Turkey, Current Anthropology 52(2), 2011, 235-263. [external link]
K. Schmidt, A Stone Age Sanctuary in SouthEastern Anatolia, Berlin 2012.
M. Verhoeven, Person or Penis? Interpreting a 'New' PPNB Anthropomorphic Statue from the Taurus Foothills, Neo-Lithics 1/01, 2001, 8-9. [external link]
 1. Waššu
 Such circular hollows are found on Göbekli's pillars too, don't they?
 - Jens Notroff
 Some of the pillars do indeed occasionally have similar hollows, although in different positions. Not sure if a related function could be assumed. Something we still would need to look further into.
 2. Alice Starr Dworkin
 Thanks so much for your work sharing! At first glance, this appears to be a depiction of pregnancy. This may be obvious to anyone who has experienced pregnancy. Yet you write "In this case the Kilisik example would represent the first female depiction to be associated with the T-shaped sculptures…. a rather vague and ambivalent possibility asking for further research."
 Why do you begin with the assumption that all other T-shaped sculptures are male? Why is a female depiction a "vague" possibility? What happens if you revise your assumptions? Please go on with the further research!
 - Jens Notroff
 Thanks for your kind words and comment. The interpretation of the T-shaped pillars, and in particular the central pillars of Building D depicted here as well, as male individuals comes from the apparent lack of any clearly identifiable female sexual characteristics – and the depiction of belts and loincloths. Among the clay figurines from Nevali Cori both, men and women are depicted – yet only the men are shown wearing belts. This, together with a generally rather strong emphasis of masculinity among the animal and human images at the Göbekli Tepe (in reliefs – whenever the sex is indicated it is a male specimen, but also sculptures – and here even dominantly ithyphallic depictions), has led to the interpretation as noted.
 3. Alice Starr Dworkin
 1. A figure without breasts is not necessarily male. My own breasts were insignificant until I became pregnant and they grew three times larger. A female active in roles other than parenting has no need for breasts.
 2. There is no logic in assuming belt and loincloth are worn just by males.
 3. An erection between the legs is not necessarily male. Healthy female clitoris may be aroused and erect and visible from the outside. This is true of human and other animals.
 4. There are more similarities than differences between males and females.
 - Jens Notroff
 Again, many thanks a lot for your comment. Regarding your input:
 1. While certainly true,


ticking off
1 [tik]
a slight, sharp, recurring click, tap, or beat, as of a clock.
Chiefly British Informal. a moment or instant.
a small dot, mark, check, or electronic signal, as used to mark off an item on a list, serve as a reminder, or call attention to something.
Stock Exchange.
a movement in the price of a stock, bond, or option.
the smallest possible tick on a given exchange.
Manège. a jumping fault consisting of a light touch of a fence with one or more feet.
a small contrasting spot of color on the coat of a mammal or the feathers of a bird.
verb (used without object)
to emit or produce a tick, like that of a clock.
to pass as with ticks of a clock: The hours ticked by.
verb (used with object)
to sound or announce by a tick or ticks: The clock ticked the minutes.
to mark with a tick or ticks; check (usually followed by off ); to tick off the items on the memo.
Verb phrases
tick off, Slang.
to make angry: His mistreatment of the animals really ticked me off.
Chiefly British. to scold severely: The manager will tick you off if you make another mistake.
what makes one tick, the motive or explanation of one's behavior: The biographer failed to show what made Herbert Hoover tick.
1400–50; late Middle English tek little touch; akin to Dutch tik a touch, pat, Norwegian tikka to touch or shove slightly. See tickle
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To ticking off
World English Dictionary
tick1 (tɪk)
1. a recurrent metallic tapping or clicking sound, such as that made by a clock or watch
2. informal (Brit) a moment or instant
3. a mark (√) or dash used to check off or indicate the correctness of something
4. commerce the smallest increment of a price fluctuation in a commodity exchange. Tick size is usually 0.01% of the nominal value of the trading unit
vb (when tr, often foll by off)
5. to produce a recurrent tapping sound or indicate by such a sound: the clock ticked the minutes away
6. to mark or check (something, such as a list) with a tick
7. informal what makes someone tick the basic drive or motivation of a person
[C13: from Low German tikk touch; related to Old High German zekōn to pluck, Norwegian tikke to touch]
tick2 (tɪk)
1. See also sheep tick any of various small parasitic arachnids of the families Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks), typically living on the skin of warm-blooded animals and feeding on the blood and tissues of their hosts: order Acarina (mites and ticks)Related: acaroid
2. any of certain other arachnids of the order Acarina
3. any of certain insects of the dipterous family Hippoboscidae that are ectoparasitic on horses, cattle, sheep, etc, esp the sheep ked
Related: acaroid
[Old English ticca; related to Middle High German zeche tick, Middle Irish dega stag beetle]
tick3 (tɪk)
1. the strong covering of a pillow, mattress, etc
2. informal short for ticking
[C15: probably from Middle Dutch tīke; related to Old High German ziecha pillow cover, Latin tēca case, Greek thēkē]
tick4 (tɪk)
informal (Brit) account or credit (esp in the phrase on tick)
[C17: shortened from ticket]
tick off
1. to mark with a tick
2. informal chiefly (Brit) to scold; reprimand
ticking off
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
"parasitic animal," O.E. ticia, from W.Gmc. *tik- (cf. M.Du. teke, Du. teek, O.H.G. zecho, Ger. Zecke "tick"), of unknown origin. Fr. tique (1464), It. zecca are Gmc. loan-words.
1440, "light touch or tap," probably cognate with Du. tik, M.H.G. zic, and perhaps echoic. Meaning "sound made by a clock" is probably first recorded 1549; tick-tock is recorded from 1848. To tick (someone) off is recorded from 1915, originally "to reprimand, scold;" meaning "to annoy" is recorded from
"credit," 1642, shortening of ticket (q.v.).
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Medical Dictionary
tick 2 (tĭk)
 1. Any of numerous small bloodsucking parasitic arachnids of the families Ixodidae and Argasidae, many of which transmit febrile diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and lyme disease.
 2. Any of various usually wingless, louselike insects of the family Hippobosciddae that are parasitic on sheep, goats, and other animals.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Science Dictionary
tick (tĭk) Pronunciation Key
Any of numerous small, parasitic arachnids of the suborder Ixodida that feed on the blood of animals. Like their close relatives the mites and unlike spiders, ticks have no division between cephalothorax and abdomen. Ticks differ from mites by being generally larger and having a sensory pit at the end of their first pair of legs. Many ticks transmit febrile diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Cite This Source
Slang Dictionary
tick definition
 1. n.
 a minute; a second. (See also sec.) : This won't take a tick. Sit tight.
Copyright 2007. Published by McGraw-Hill Education.
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Bird Species of the World's Boreal Forests
Order - Pterocliformes
Sandgrouse are a unique set of birds found only in Africa and Eurasia. The relationship of these birds to other groups has been one of the most hotly debated issues over a period of centuries. They are primarily ground-feeding birds of deserts, scrub, and grasslands, which may explain the name "grouse". Linnaeus originally assigned them to the same genus as European grouse.
Sandgrouse share several trits with pigeons, including their long wings and the practice of making long flights daily between breeding or feeding grounds, and pools of water at which they drink. Some of their plumage and musculature is pigeon-like, but in 1867 Thomas Huxley reviewed their skeletons and came to the conclusion they were neither a grouse or pigeon, but balanced somewhere between, and assigned them to their own order, the Pteroclomorphae. Over time, however, the idea they were related to grouse at all was slowly dropped and by the mid-20th century many placed them as a suborder among the pigeons.
In 1967, G. L. Maclean proposed a relationship between sandgrouse and shorebirds, based primarily on field observations. The fact they do not drink like pigeons, they don't give cooing sounds, they don't build stick nests, their eggs were pigmented (not white) and the young can immediately fend for themselves are all reasons they aren't that close to pigeons. More recently, DNA and other biochemical evidence confirms a closer relationship to waders in the Charadriformes. But the birds are still quite unusual, and are now placed in their own order, the Pterocliformes, between the waders and the pigeons.
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Date of Award
Economics and Finance
Mukherjee, Tarun; Wei, Peihwang Philip
We identify some of the factors affecting the extent of commonality in liquidity and differences between different stock exchanges around the world. With a comprehensive approach, our investigation centers on presenting evidence on the existence of commonality in liquidity, effect of using different measures of market variables on the level of commonality, factors that change the likelihood of stocks having commonality and factors explaining the different levels of commonality across markets. For the individual stock liquidity, we employ most common and reliable liquidity measures including quoted bid and ask spread, proportional spread, effective spread, proportional effective spread and percentage spread. For the market liquidity, we calculate the equal weighted and value weighted averages of the individual stock liquidity measures. Our base model of commonality of liquidity is an extension of Chordia, Roll, and Subrahmanyam (2000). Our data includes 36,457 common stocks in 46 stock exchanges in 33 countries. Our data period begins on January 2000 and covers until the end of December 2007. Our results show that 14.38% of all stocks in the world have commonality in liquidity with their markets when equally weighted market variables are used. This percentage drops to 9.76% with using value weighted market variables. After controlling for commonality in certain days of the week, we find that commonality is, in most part, uniformly distributed across days-of-the-week, almost for all countries. We also find that market factors including average spread, average price, average return, average risk, average size, legal system (common vs. civil law) and distribution of mean company size affect the likelihood of companies having commonality within their exchanges. In terms of the different levels across countries, we find that average percentage spread, level of risk, distribution of mean company size and legal system all have significant effects. Our results contribute to the literature analyzing factors that affect the level of commonality and types of companies that are likely to have commonality. Our study also has practical implications for portfolio diversification by providing evidence for possible reasons for common liquidity movements in the markets which may eventually lead to market liquidity crunches.
Dicle, Mehmet F., "Commonality of Liquidity around the World: Evaluation of Possible Reasons" (2008). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 832.


Topic Breakdown
Foram Topic Map
Interactive Quiz
Real-Time Data
Foram Test Construction
As we mentioned on the previous web page What is a Foram? forams are single-celled organisms with a protective test (shell). What is the test made from and how does the foram make it? There are two basic kinds of tests, soft tests made from an organic material called tectin (a complex carbohydrate plus protein material) and hard tests made from minerals. Hard, mineralized tests are much more common.
The evolution of a hard outer shell likely provided forams with additional protection against predators, physical damage, chemical changes, and as a means to control buoyancy. Mineralized foram tests are sorted into four major classes based on the method the foram used to construct them.
 1. Agglutinated
 2. Microgranular
 3. Porcellaneous
 4. Hyaline
1. Agglutinated - This test style was the first to evolve (more than 500 million years ago) and consists of tiny cemented grains gathered from the sea floor. Particles are glued to a tectin base with an organic, calcite or iron-bearing cement. Remember the organic tests we first talked about? This is simply an organic test with particles glued on top. At times these particles appear to have been gathered at random and at other times the grains are similar in size, composition or shape.
More images of agglutinated forams
Bigenerina nodosaria,
Agglutinated test from Puerto Rico, (SEM) image -120X magnification
(Credit: Heidi Crevison Souder; used by permission from Foraminifers as Bioindicators website,
University of South Florida, St. Petersburg)
2. Microgranular - Test walls are composed of tiny, closely-packed grains of calcium carbonate, but with no obvious cement. For many years this group was lumped into the agglutinated class because it was thought that these tests were built from scavenged grains. In fact, some species do have some agglutinated grains thereby adding to the confusion. However, scientists are now convinced this group of forams actually secrets the tiny grains.
Image of microgranular forams
3. Porcellaneous - This test is composed of microscopic calcite needles formed inside the foram and then moved to the outside of the cell. Tests are generally white in color, but may be pink or colorless with an appearance similar to porcelain, hence the name "porcellaneous". Test walls are generally built of three layers - a central layer sandwiched between two outer layers. Calcite needles in the middle layer are arranged in a poorly-organized mesh-like network, while needles in the outer layers are arranged parallel to one another, providing the outside of the test with a smooth surface.
Images of porcellaneous forams
Discorbis mira,
Hyaline test from the Florida Keys, (SEM) image -150X magnification
University of South Florida, St. Petersburg)
4. Hyaline - To build this type of test, the foram secrets one or more layers of calcium carbonate over soft tectin material that serves as a template for the final shape. Rhizopodia, thin organic filaments connected to the foram, assist with hyaline test construction by delivering liquid calcium carbonate to different patches of the exposed tectin surface. The patches of calcium carbonate eventually merge and harden into a solid shell. Hyaline tests are often translucent to light, and commonly have a glassy or milky iridescent appearance.
More images of hyaline forams
Did you know that forams first appeared on Earth
more than 500 million years ago?
Go to Foram Evolution to find out more!
Related Links
Foraminifers as Bioindicators - Beautiful scanning electron microscope images of forams and information relating to the use of forams in monitoring coral reef environments.
Anderson, O.R. & Lee, J.J. (1991). Cytology and fine structure. In Lee, J.J. and Anderson, O.R. (Eds.), Biology of Foraminifera. (pp. 7-40). London: Academic Press.
Haynes, J. R. (1981). Foraminifera. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Huber, B. T. (1993). What are Foraminifera? Calypso log, 20(3), June 1993. Retrieved August 31, 2004 from _URL_
Murray, J.W. (1991). Ecology and palaeobiology of benthic foraminifera. New York: Longman Scientific and Technical - John Wiley and Sons.
Murray, J.W. (2003). An Illustrated Guide to the Benthic Foraminifera of the Hebridean. Shelf, West of Scotland, with notes on their mode of life. Palaeontologia Electronica 5(1). Retreived August 31, 2004 from _URL_
USGS. (2002). Environmental quality and preservation - Chemical pollutants and toxic effects on benthic organisms, Biscayne Bay: A pilot study preceding Florida Everglades restoration. Open-File Report 02-308. Retrieved August 31, 2004 from _URL_
Revised on: January 2, 2005


text:
: the very loud sound that comes from the sky during a storm : the sound that follows a flash of lightning
: a loud noise that sounds like thunder
: to produce thunder
: to make a loud sound like the sound of thunder
: to move in a way that makes a very loud sound
What made you want to look up thunder? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
There are several reasons why Bud & Roo makes a great book to get your little one reading. The illustrations are colourful and bright. Children can related to the characters of Bud & Roo as one is a boy and one is a girl. The illustration of the ladybird intrigues little ones to explore and while they're exploring they have the feel of a book in their hand.
Even though the illustrations couple up with the literary content there are three ways Bud and Roo will help your child learn how to read almost instantly.
Around the age of 4 or 5 children are learning sight words at their nursery or at school. Perhaps they are even learning words and letters at home. There is a very large home-schooled community here in St. Albans, Hertfordshire.
With the basic foundation of a few sight words based on the British school curriculum a child can learn how to read almost instantly after picking up Bud & Roo's Spectacular AdventuresThe Beach.
3 Ways Bud & Roo help kids learn to read
1. It builds confidence. With the short sentences a five-year old can finish the book from front to back and feel a great sense of accomplishment from reading the whole book on her or his own.
2. Alliteration helps. When reading the repetition of the same consonant it helps the child strengthen various muscles in hes or her mouth which aides in the whole 'learning to read' process. Also, which many writers do is use rhythmic patterns which encourages memory and sound to work together.
3. Kids like Bud & Roo. Children love the classic story of Bud & Roo's Spectacular AdventuresThe Beach. Let's face itit's not a boring book. When your child starts school and the phonic books start coming out a parent thinks to his or her self 'Who is Nid and who is Bog'? A child often needs to cognitively map an image to the words to make it understandable. In other words, it's never too early to teach comprehension. When you strengthen early comprehension skills as well as critical thinking skills ('Where did the blue bucket come from'? or 'The blue bucket belongs with the spade'.) a child will be able to pick up reading sooner.
My girls are very excited every time they see the Bud & Roo book. It's the simple phrases that can be read with confidence that makes a child smile. And, when a child feels good about something such as reading a book from start to finish they continue to do so. It is teaching them independent reading at an early age. Make it fun and they'll do it forever.
Thanks for reading!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Following is my piece of code in which I am assigning my screen width to variable
$width. But when I convert it to integer and echo it,
0 is returned.
$width = ' document.write(window.screen.width); '; //if i echo $width it shows 1366 which is width of my screen $height = ' document.write(window.screen.height); '; echo "The height is = $height"."The width is = ".$width; $a = (int)($width); echo $a;
I am asking for guidenance to make this conversion perfect.


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Title: Temperature-dependent phase-specific deformation mechanisms in a directionally solidified NiAl-Cr(Mo) lamellar composite
Phase-specific thermal expansion and mechanical deformation behaviors of a directionally solidified NiAl–Cr(Mo) lamellar in situ composite were investigated by using real-time in situ neutron diffraction during compression at elevated temperatures up to 800 °C. Tensile and compressive thermal residual stresses were found to exist in the NiAl phase and Crss (solid solution) phase, respectively. Then, based on the evolution of lattice spacings and phase stresses, the phase-specific deformation behavior was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, estimates of phase stresses were derived by Hooke's law on the basis of a simple method for the determination of stress-free lattice spacing in in situ composites. During compressive loading, the NiAl phase yields earlier than the Crss phase. The Crss phase carries much higher stress than the NiAl phase, and displays consistent strain hardening at all temperatures. The NiAl phase exhibits strain hardening at relatively low temperatures and softening at high temperatures. During unloading, the NiAl phase yields in tension whereas the Crss phase unloads elastically. Additionally, post-test microstructural observations show phase-through cracks at room temperature, micro cracks along phase interfaces at 600 °C and intact lamellae kinks at 800 °C, which is due to the increasing deformability of both phases as temperature rises.
 1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Tianjin Univ. (China)
 3. Tianjin Univ. (China)
Publication Date:
Grant/Contract Number:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 656; Journal ID: ISSN 0925-8388
Research Org:
Sponsoring Org:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Country of Publication:
United States
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; neutron diffraction; in-situ composites; deformation; directional diffraction; high-temperature deformation; thermal residual stress
OSTI Identifier:


text:
Dictionary encoding edit Parquet has an automatic dictionary encoding enabled dynamically for data with a small number of unique values ( 105 ) that enables dr martens promo significant compression and boosts processing speed.
Parquet can be used in any Hadoop ecosystem like.
Parquet stores nested data structures in a flat columnar format.11 Comparison edit Apache Parquet is comparable to RCFile and Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) file formats-all three fall idée cadeau femme frileuse under the category of columnar data storage within the Hadoop ecosystem.Further noise reduction if used in combination with WP Looseglue!In order to test performance, we should run the queries in Multi-node cluster, where jobs are parallelized and run simultaneously.Twitter 2 and, cloudera.See also edit References edit External links edit.
Hadoop namely, rCFile and, oRC.
You want the parquet-hive-bundle jar in Maven Central (From Hive.13 Native Parquet support was added).
This results in compactness in its most beautiful and quietest form.We will create table to store text data.Load the data into the table.Creating table in hive to store parquet format: We cannot load text file directly into parquet table, we should first create an alternate table to store the text file and use insert overwrite command to write the data in parquet format.The result is the wonderfully rich, compact sound of your steps.


text:
black-eyed Susan or yellow daisy, North American daisylike wildflower ( Rudbeckia hirta ) of the family Asteraceae (aster family) with yellow rays and a dark brown center. It is a weedy biennial or annual and grows in dry places. The black-eyed Susan and the other rudbeckias are also called yellow coneflowers. The most widely cultivated is the golden glow ( R. laciniata hortensia ), a tall double-blossomed perennial. Black-eyed Susans are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Asterales, family Asteraceae.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on black-eyed Susan from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Plants


text:
The United States has just filed suit against a power company and the subcontractor that it hired to trim hazard trees that encroached the company's power lines. The government alleges that the defendants, negligently and in violation of law, ignited the Power Fire in 2004 by carelessly discarding an ignited cigarette while operating on the Eldorado National Forest. In the case the government seeks twice the amount of all damages sustained, i.e., twice the costs of fire suppression, rehabilitation and restoration of the burned areas, loss of commercial timber, loss of environmental resources and uses, and loss of cultural resources. The government also seeks interest, the cost of investigation, collection, accounting, and administrative costs incurred as a result of the fire and attorneys' fees. Although unspecified, the total will be huge.
The Power Fire burned approximately 16,993 acres on the Eldorado National Forest and on private timberlands. Interestingly, in its complaint the government asserts, among other things, that it is entitled to a presumption and inference of negligence because the ignition and spread of the Power Fire was not the type of accident that normally occurs absent negligence, and defendants had exclusive control of the cigarettes that started the fire, as well as their work area and all other reasonably probable instrumentalities capable of starting the fire.


text:
Hang down your head Tom Dooley
Hang down your head and cry
Hang down your head Tom Dooley
Poor boy, you're bound to die.
It's the most famous murder ballad in American folk music history. And chances are, if you know it, you know the version popularized by the Kingston Trio. Their recording of the song became a major commercial hit in 1958, selling over 6,000,000 copies. That hit single spawned a movie and helped spark the folk music revival of the 1960s. How did the song make its way to the Kingston Trio? Therein hangs a tale.
May 1st marked the 144th anniversary of the criminal execution of North Carolinian ex-Confederate soldier Tom Dula. Not Tom Dooley? Think of the written word opera pronounced opry, as in Grand Ole Opry. Standard regional southern Appalachian pronunciation at work. So the Kingston Trio simply transcribed the name as it sounded to them.
Dula was hanged for the murder of his lover Laura Foster. The two lived in the North Wilkesboro, NC area. Tom Dula was a wild young buck, running around with two or three women at the same time. Foster, according to the ballad, gave him syphilis. He inadvertently passed it on to Foster's first cousin, Mrs. Ann Melton. A third woman, a Pauline Foster, was in the background as well at the time.
Both Laura and Ann were pregnant by Dula. When Mrs. Melton realized that her longtime affair would be exposed by the pregnancy, that the baby's health was seriously endangered, and that her own health had been compromised, all to her way of thinking because of Foster, she insisted that they—Dula and she—murder Laura Foster in vengeance.
As revealed in the case's court records, early one morning in 1866, Laura Foster took her best clothes and her father's horse and left for her rendezvous with Dula, who had supposedly gone to meet the justice of the peace so they could be married. Laura disappeared and Tom Dula fled Wilkes County.
The earliest known recorded version of the song was laid down on October 1, 1929 by GB Grayson & Henry Whitter. Whitter and Grayson met at a fiddlers' convention in Mountain City, TN in 1927. They teamed up, and by autumn of that year, Whitter had gotten them two record deals. They recorded eight songs for the Gennet label and six for Victor, among them 'Tom Dula.' Grayson & Whitter's recording of 'Tom Dula' is especially significant, since it was Grayson's uncle that tracked Dula in 1866.
The ballad of Tom Dooley tells us that Dula, fleeing the murder scene, was captured before he got to Tennessee by a sheriff named Grayson. Actually, Dula made it over the state line and worked for a week in Trade, TN, at the farm of Col. James Grayson, a member of the Tennessee legislature, in order to make enough money to buy a new pair of boots and continue his journey.
Dula was captured in Tennessee around July 11 by two North Carolina deputies, with the help of Colonel Grayson, and brought back to the Wilkesboro, NC, jail.
Folk music historians Anne & Frank Warner collected the song in 1938 in Beech Mountain, NC from a local banjo player and singer named Frank Profitt Sr. Frank's grandmother, Adeline Perdue, lived in Wilkes County and knew both Tom Dula and Laura Foster. Alan Lomax, of Library of Congress collecting fame, learned it from the Warners and sang it all over the country and on his radio shows. He went on to publish it in his book "Folk Song USA," and it's THAT version that came to the attention of the Kingston Trio.
In 1962, a settlement was reached with the Kingston Trio that divided any subsequent royalties between Frank Profitt, Frank Warner and Alan Lomax.
The song lives on even today. Bobby McMillon, whose ballad singing was featured in the film 'Songcatcher' and who is the youngest recipient of the North Carolina Folk Heritage Award, performs it regularly. He went to school with relatives of Tom Dula.
Jeff and Gerret Warner, sons of Anne and Frank Warner, are continuing their parents' legacy. Jeff researched and edited for his mother's book "Traditional American Folk Songs." Gerret assembled and prepared its photographs, taken by their parents. The sons organized their parents' notes, manuscripts and photographs, which now form the Frank and Anne Warner Collection at Duke University.
Special thanks to Rosalie Friend for setting me on the right path with this story!


text:
Researchers at the George Institute for Global Health investigated a modified dosage of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) - the standard care for acute ischaemic stroke for several years. Findings of the study showed when the level of the drug was reduced, most of the clot busting or dissolving benefits of the higher dose were maintained. However, there was significantly less bleeding inside the brain. This helped improve survival rates, researchers claimed.
Experts said the study has the potential to change the way the most common form of stroke is treated globally.
As over 1.2 million Indians suffer strokes every year, making it the leading cause of death and disability in rural India, the study's implications can be evaluated by Indian health professionals. The trial, conducted during a study on over 3,000 patients in 100 hospitals worldwide, showed the rate of serious bleeding in the brain, known as intracerebral haemorrhage, came down significantly by two-thirds on reducing the dose of rtPA from a standard 0.9mg/kg body weight to a lower dose of 0.6mg/kg.
After 90 days into the trial, 8.5% of patients died after receiving low dose rtPA, compared to 10.3% who received the standard dose, according to the results of the study. The drug rtPA is used to dissolve clots that block a blood vessel in a patient's brain within the first few hours after the onset of stroke symptoms.
However, the survival benefits from the modified dosage of the drug rtPA was offset by a slight rise in the number of people suffering residual disability, the study showed.


text:
First name origin & meaning:
First name variations: Veamalohi, Veatama
Last name origins & meanings:
- Spanish and Galician: habitational name, principally from Vea
in Soria province, but in some cases from any of four places with the
same name in Pontevedra province, Galicia.
- Catalan: habitational name from any of the places named Bea or Vea in the
- Norwegian: habitational name from any
of four farmsteads so named, from the plural of Old Norse
viðr 'wood', 'tree'.
Comments for Vea


From Grid5000
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How to be a good Grid'5000 citizen ?
The Grid'5000 platform is intended to support research in all areas of computer science related to grid computing. You should use Grid'5000 in the perspective of large scale experiments (at least 3 sites and 1000 CPUs).
You should NOT use Grid'5000 as a production platform. Any usage of Grid'5000 should make progress in Computer Science. You may generate useful results for other communities, as long as the community of computer science researchers learn something from your experiments.
It is a shared tool, used by many people with different and varying needs. The administrators pursue the following objectives, the main one being the first of this list:
 1. Make the tool available to experiments involving a significant number of nodes (in the 1000's). To make this possible, reservation fragmentation must be avoided as much as possible. Never using more than a single cluster for experiments will lead to investigations (using your user report) and could lead to account cancellation as this behaviour limits the availability of Grid'5000 for large scale experiments.
 3. Allow for experiments to run while administrators are available because platform availability is still greatly dependant on the administrators solving day to day issues.
 4. Increase the platform's machines usage as much as possible, as long as this usage doesn't interfere with the first three objectives.
Good usage rules (All users)
 1. Please try to plan large scale experiments during nighttime or during week-ends
 2. Tuesday is the only day where you should feel authorized to use all the machines of a cluster during work hours. On the other days, please leave a few nodes for people developing or preparing an experiment. Between 9am and 6pm you should not use more than the equivalent of 2 hours on all the nodes of a cluster (ie 4 hours on half the cluster or 8h on a quarter, etc..)
 3. If you want to use machines on a Tuesday, please do not reserve them before 13:00pm on the preceding Monday if is not a large scale experiment.
 4. You should probably not have more than 2 reservations in advance, because it kills good resource usage. Please submit jobs instead
 5. You should not be submitting jobs or making reservations if your experiment is not described in your User report
 6. You must mention Grid'5000 in all publications presenting results or content obtained or derived from the usage of Grid'5000.
Good usage rules (Local users)
Some sites have opened accounts on a local branch of LDAP. Users on these branches only have access to the local cluster. In addition to the above rules, they should
 1. Not have more than one reservation in advance
 3. Limit the size of their jobs to reasonable proportions such as those locally defined by the local site they have access to. The size of a job can by defined by the product of the number of machines by the time the cluster is used (e.g. In Rennes, this would be around 640h).
Platform usage is actively monitored by Grid'5000 staff. In case of unconform use, your account will be locked. Unconform use includes users whose user report is unsufficiently filled with regard to their usage of the resources.


text:
Primary Source Activities: Ritty Dial Cash Register Patent Drawings
Author: Karen Baker
Allow students, in groups or individually, to examine the primary source linked under Resources to the right, while answering the questions below in order. The questions are designed to guide students into a deeper analysis of the source and sharpen associated cognitive skills.
Level I: Description
1. What do you see in the image?
2. What is a patent and why is a patent important?
Level II: Interpretation
1. Why might a store or restaurant owner want a cash register?
2. What impact might the cash register have had on the economy?
Level III: Analysis
1. In what ways have transactions at stores changed since James Ritty invented this cash register?
2. What do you think some future inventions might be for store transactions?
- History 9-10, Benchmark B: Explain the social, political and economic effects of industrialization.
- Indicator: Grade 10, GLI 1. Explain the effects of industrialization in the United States in the 19th century including: a. Changes in work and the workplace.


Using PEGASUS Does it cost anything? No. PEGASUS is an open source software under Apache License 2.0. If you use PEGASUS for research or commercial purposes, please let us know your institution(company) and whether it's ok to mention it among the users of PEGASUS. How do I prepare graph? PEGASUS works on graphs with TAB-separated plain text format. Each line contains the source and destination node id of an edge. The node id starts from 0. For example, here is an example graph 'catepillar_star.edge' which is included in the PEGASUS installation file. It has 16 nodes. 0 1 1 2 1 3 3 4 3 6 5 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 10 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 10 15 How do I setup a Hadoop cluster? In most cases, you will use a Hadoop cluster set up by someone else, and thus you don't need to set up a Hadoop cluster yourself. However, you might want to set up a Hadoop cluster for yourself for some occasions. In that case, there are several useful documents: Hadoop Cluster Setup Cloudera Hadoop Distribution Note that Hadoop works on a single machine also. Thus, you can run Hadoop on your laptop, for example, and run PEGASUS on it. For instructions of setting up Hadoop on a single machine, refer to the following web page: Hadoop Single-Machine Setup About PEGASUS Who make PEGASUS? PEGASUS is researched and developed by the CMU data mining group led by Prof. Christos Faloutsos. The main contributors are: U Kang: Algorithm Design, and Implementation Duen Horng Chau: Homepage, and Algorithm Design Christos Faloutsos: Algorithm Design What are the main advantages of PEGASUS? The most important advantage of PEGASUS is the scalability. PEGASUS provides graph mining algorithms for billion-scale graphs which are serveral orders of magnitude larger than previous works. Other advantages include being an open-source, and faster running time because of the parallel algorithm on top of cloud computing platform, Hadoop. What is the future of PEGASUS? PEGASUS will be extended in two directions. At the application level, PEGASUS will incorporate more data mining and machine learning algorithms including eigenvalue computation and inferences of graphical models. At the data magamenet level, PEGASUS will be equipped with efficient indexing methods for graphs. FAQ DOWNLOAD USING PEGASUS PUBLICATIONS ABOUT SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE


text:
The ABC Creative Music Pack for Year 4/Primary 5 helps children:
- Develop small group composition and performance on untuned and tuned percussion further, using downloadable handouts and the audition format.
- Use rhythm, pitch and lyrics to compose songswhich can be adapted to different topics.
- Develop drum rudiment skills with the Star Drummer Packusing left and right sticking patterns in composition and performance.
- Learn large scale compositions as a whole class on chime bars, shakers and percussionto prepare pieces for performance and learn notation, arrangement and instrumental skills.
- Develop improvising skills using voice and percussion.
- The simple shape notation used in the previous packs is expanded with 'sticks' added to the shapes in a step towards understanding conventional notation.
- Concepts of call and response, AABA Phrases and resolution/variation are explored.
- Improvisation skills are developed using Repeat, Alternate, Jumble activities on chime bars.
- Group work starts in earnest with an emphasis on composing and rehearsing for performance.
There are no reviews yet, would you like to submit yours?


text:
Dyslexia in the learning of law: its meaning and its impact on student and teacher
Jackie Lane (University of Huddersfield)
Dyslexia is probably the most common 'disability' encountered in the law classroom and yet most law lecturers have only a vague understanding of what it means, or of the impact it has on the student's ability to study law. This paper aims to give tutors a better understanding of the condition, and an increased awareness of the legal obligations owed towards students disabled in this way. It gives guidance on how they can recognise a potentially dyslexic student, and how to assist the student to overcome their difficulties, thus ensuring greater equality between the dyslexic and the non-dyslexic students.
The particular difficulties experienced by law students with dyslexia lie in the quantity of reading material they have to cope with, and the difficulty with recall of cases which are often presented in pure text form. The paper suggests ways of enabling such students by presenting materials in alternative forms such as through diagrams, pictures, aurally and via electronic media.
It draws on a wide variety of texts and papers, published statistics, and on the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with law students who have this 'different learning ability'.
Short biographies of panel members
Jackie Lane has worked for the University of Huddersfield as a Senior Lecturer in Law since 2005, having worked as a law lecturer since graduating as a mature student at the age of 34. She has gained post-graduate qualifications and also spent 4 years as a Justice of the Peace. She has a particular research interest in Employment Law.
Last Modified: 18 July 2011


to uneven drying.
Dry wood shrinks in size. If you are going to cut a log for a project in particular, you must always cut it a little bigger. At the end, and just before starting a new project, you can store the planks in a warm room for a few days, especially during the humid summer months, in order to achieve the optimal moisture in the wood.
Kiln Drying:
Most of the wood you can buy nowadays in carpentry stores has been dried in kilns or drying chambers. These offer many advantages compared to air drying and only one disadvantage, a higher energy expenditure.
A kiln allows you to instantly and automatically control all of the variables I discussed above, when I described air drying. You can practically set the amount of moisture the wood gives off in real time and adapt it to all kinds of wood. It eliminates parasites from the wood and prevents them from spreading through a thermal treatment. Also reduces the decay of the wood and prevents fungal attacks and staining. It also saves a lot of time, of course.
They don't work much differently from a kitchen oven. Heat is produced with electricity, diesel or heat pumps, and is distributed as needed through ventilators. These chambers are also used to vaporize or treat the wood thermally. The planks are stacked and spaced just like when air drying.
After buying planks in a carpentry store, you must follow the same steps to store them in a workshop, even if they have been kiln-dried before. As I said earlier, wood is hygroscopic and will continue to absorb and give off humidity according to the conditions in the workshop and the time of year. You must find a level floor, leave a gap between the floor and the wood and also between planks.
There are reasonably cheap wood moisture meters which are very useful to check the levels of humidity in our wood before using it. The moisture content of the wood must be between 8 and 10%, although a slightly higher level can be acceptable in some projects.
If the planks have more moisture, they can be stored in an artificially heated room, or even with a dehumidifier, until the moisture is low enough.
4- Why Wood Warps?
Besides hygroscopic, wood is an anisotropic material, formed by different tissues such as cellulose and hemicellulose, each with their own features and functions, which cause the structure to not be homogenous depending on the direction of the cut in the plan in question.
This means that the wood will tend to grow or shrink depending on its water content in one direction more than another.
Tangential direction: As you can see above, this is the direction of the wood's rings, and is also the one with the greatest difference in percentage. Depending on the age of the tree and its species, it can vary its size between 8 and 12%.
Radial direction: This direction cuts through the wood's rings. It can change between 4 and 6% in size.
Longitudinal direction: This is the direction that is affected the least by a change in water content, only 0.01% approx.
Another good way of visualizing this effect in our minds, even though it's not really what's happening, is to imagine that the above wooden block is made of toothpicks. The block is about 5cm tangentially, 5cm radially and as long as the toothpick itself.
Keeping in mind that toothpicks have a very small diameter and are barely affected by the direction of the cut, all toothpicks will change their size in the same way as they absorb or give off moisture. This means that the block of toothpicks will barely shrink by 0.01% lengthwise, but in the other directions we must multiply the small variation in each toothpick by the number of toothpicks in the radial and tangential directions.
This is a good example because, as I said before, you could say that wood fibers are like each of those toothpicks. But due to the structural difference and the loss or absorption of water between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, even if they're the same size, the block of wood will grow or shrink more tangentially than radially.
Source: woodcraft.com. You could say that this picture is a graphic summary of everything discussed in this article, and by studying it we can state the following:
1– Depending on where in the log the board comes from, its end grain and face grain will look different.
2– If we look at the grain on any board, we can more or less guess what part of the log it's been cut from.
3– This image also show that, according to the source of the cut, the planks will bend in a predictable direction when absorbing and exhaling water. As you can imagine, this is due to what I said earlier. When drying, wood will shrink in all directions, but due to it being an anisotropic material, it will tend to shrink more tangentially (the direction of the rings) than radially, as seen in the image.
Even though we already know the real reason for wood to warp like this, in order to visualize it better in our minds when we are buying a plank and want to know how it will behave, we could say that the wood rings always try to flatten themselves as the wood is drying.
As I explained, and as illustrated by this image, this barely happens when the grain is perpendicular, in rift-sawn wood. As I also said, this can be controlled by drying the wood correctly, although this is not 100% effective and will continue to happen, to a lesser degree, even after our projects are completed.
I'm sure that now you can see something in this maple plank that you couldn't before. That's right, it's a little cupped. Its rings are trying to flatten themselves because they were plain-sawn. Even a plank of hard wood such as maple, even one this thick, cannot avoid the laws of physics.
It was likely cut and dried correctly, but as mentioned, changes in humidity over time can crook any plank a little, especially if it was plain-sawn.
When I cut the necessary pieces from this plank to make more guitar necks, I'll have to plane both faces in order to flatten them again. At that time, it's important to shave down both faces by the same amount to prevent it from becoming cupped again.
Even though the plank is already dry, the inside will always retain some more moisture than the outside, and if we shave down the piece on one side, we will be upsetting its structural balance again. Here you can see me doing a similar process.
Source: woodcraft.com. Besides the warping on the ends, boards can deform lengthwise for the same reasons. Below you will see an image depicting the most common types of warping in boards and planks, with their corresponding names.
I don't want to finish this article without some advice on the best way to glue pieces of wood together to make a wider board, such as when we want to make a tabletop.
As you might have guessed, the ideal thing would be to have a few boards with perpendicular grain, from rift-sawn wood. But since this is rarely possible, or since we may be looking for a more striking grain pattern, which is what plain-sawn wood provides, we must alternate the grain in each board as shown in the image to prevent warping in the resulting panel.
If you have any questions or you think you can provide more information to this article, you are welcome to post in this thread in the forums:
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as as'gom te'sisga'q.
Numbers between the tens are stated through multiple-word phrases, beginning with the ten-based root number, such as ne'wtisgaq, followed by jel (meaning "and" or "also") and ending with one of the nine numerals: for instance, the number 28 is constructed as tapuisga'q jel ugumuljin, or literally "twenty and eight".
For numbers beyond 99, Mi'kmaq uses a pattern similar to that of 60–99, with numeral words preceding separate roots which identify higher numbers (such as gasg'ptnnaqan, meaning hundred, or pituimtlnaqn meaning thousand); for instance, 300 is written as si'st gasg'ptnnaqan, while 2,000 is written as ta'pu pituimtlnaqn. The exception to this pattern are the numbers 100 and 1,000, which are simply the roots gasg'ptnnaqan and pituimtlnaqn, respectively. Similarly to digits between the tens, the connecting word jel is used between hundreds and tens, or thousands and hundreds: for example, the number 3,452 is written as si'st pituimtlnaqn jel ne'w gasg'ptnnaqan jel na'nisgaq jel ta'pu.
On top of this basic structure, numbers in Mi'kmaq must agree with the animacy of whatever they are counting: for instance, when speaking of two people one would use the word ta'pusijik, as opposed to the number used for two days, ta'pugna'q. While the suffix -ijik to denote the counting of animate subjects and the suffix -gna'q to denote the counting of inanimate subjects are common, animacy-marking suffixes are somewhat fluid and vary by number and dialect.
Language revitalization efforts and teaching[edit]
Cape Breton University's Unama'ki College specializes "in Mi'kmaq history, culture and education." As of 2013, "it has some 250 aboriginal students.[8]
"Parents come to me and say they hear their children in the backseat of the car speaking Mi'kmaq and they're excited," said the Mi'kmaq language instructor at L'nu Si'puk Kina'muokuom Mi'kmaq school in Indian Brook. Mi'kmaq language courses are mandatory from grades Primary to 12 at the school, which only opened six years ago." Evening classes are starting as of Oct. 2013.[8] Also as of 2013, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia's Mi'kmaq Burial Grounds Research and Restoration Association has about forty students in its Mi'kmaq language revitalization classes, and Mi'kmaq greetings are becoming more common in public places.[9]
Language history and related languages[edit]
Bible translations into the Micmac language
Mi'kmaq is a member of the Algic language family, which once spanned from the eastern coast of North America across Central Canada, the Midwestern United States, and a small portion of California. Within this family, Mi'kmaq is part of the Eastern Algonquian language subgroup spoken largely along the Atlantic coast. It is closely related to several extant languages, such as Maliseet, Wampanoag and Munsee, as well as extinct languages like Abenaki and Unami. Beyond having a similar language background and sharing close geographic proximity, the Mi'kmaq people notably held an alliance with four other tribes within the Eastern Algonquian language group (including the Maliseet and Abenaki) known as the Wabanaki Confederacy: in short, a history of long-term language contact has existed between Mi'kmaq and its close linguistic relatives.
Mi'kmaq has many similarities with its fellow Eastern Algonquian languages, including multiple word cognates: for instance, compare the Mi'kmaq word for "woman", e'pit, to the Maliseet ehpit [æpit], or the varying related words for the color "white": wape't in Mi'kmaq, wapi [wapi] in Maliseet, waapii [wapi] in Munsee, wôbi [wɔ̃bɪ] in Abenaki and wòpe [wɔpe] in Unami. Even outside of the Eastern Algonquian subgroup, there exist similar cognates within the larger Algic family, such as the Cree wâpiskâw [wɔ:bɪska:] and the Miami-Illinois waapi [wa:pi].[10]
Like many Native American languages, Mikmaq uses a classifying system of animate versus inanimate words. However, while the animacy system in general is common, the specifics of Mikmaq's system differ from even closely related Algic languages: for instance, in Wampanoag, the word for "sun", cone, is inanimate, while the word for "earth", ahkee, is animate, a fact used by some scholars to claim that the Wampanoag people were aware of the earth's rotation around an unmoving sun;[11] however, in Mikmaq, both the word for "sun", na'gu'set, and the word for "earth", ugs'tqamu, are animate, and parallel cultural knowledge regarding astronomy cannot be gleaned through the language. Much like grammatical gender, the core concept of animacy is shared across similar languages while the exact connotations animacy has within Mi'kmaq are unique.
In Englishand French-speaking areas, traces of Mi'kmaq can be found largely in geographical names within regions historically occupied by the Mi'kmaq people, including Quebec[12] and several towns in Nova Scotia such as Antigonish and Shubenacadie. Moreover, several Mi'kmaq words have made their way into colonizing languages: the English words "caribou"[13] and "toboggan"[14] are borrowings from Mi'kmaq. The name caribou was probably derived from the Mi'kmaq word xalibu or Qalipu meaning "the one who paws".[15] Marc Lescarbot in his publication in French 1610 used the term "caribou." Silas Tertius Rand translated the Mi'kmaq word Kaleboo as caribou in his Mi'kmaq-English dictionary (Rand 1888:98).
The aforementioned use of hieroglyphic writing in pre-colonial Mi'kmaq society shows that Mi'kmaq was one of the few Native American languages to have a writing system before European contact.
Bakker identified two Basque loanwords in Mi'kmaq, presumably due to extensive trade contact between Basque sailors and Native Americans in the 16th century.[16] The overall friendly exchanges starting in mid-16th century between the Mi'kmaqs and the Basque whalers provided the basis for the development of a Algonquian–Basque pidgin, with a strong Mi'kmaq imprint, recorded still in use in the early 18th century.
Placenames from Mi'kmaq[edit]
 - Acadie, from Mi'kmaq Quoddy a word used by the natives to designate a fertile area like Passamaquoddy, Shubenacadie and Tracadie.
 - Amqui, from Mi'kmaq amqui (place of amusement or pleasure)[17]
 - Cascapédia, from Mi'kmaq kaska (broad) and pegiag (river).
 - Causapscal, from Mi'kmaq Goesôpsiag (or Gesapsgel, Gesôpsgigel), meaning "stony bottom", "swift water", or "rocky point", likely referring to the rocky river bed of the Causapscal River.[17]
 - Gaspé Peninsula, from Mi'kmaq Gespedeg (land recently acquired)
 - Gaspé, Quebec, Gespeg (land's end)
 - Matapédia, from Mi'kmaq matapegiag (river junction, from the parts mata (junction) and pegiag (river), referring to the Matapédia River that crosses the town just before its confluence with the Restigouche River).[17]
 - Paspébiac, from Mi'kmaq papgeg ipsigiag, meaning "split flats" or "lagoon".[17]
 - Quebec, from Mi'kmaq Gepèèg
 - Restigouche, from Mi'kmaq Listuguj
 - Lac-Humqui, from Mi'kmaq amqui (place of amusement or pleasure)
 - Sayabec, from Mi'kmaq Sakpediak
 - Shediac, from Mi'kmaq Es-ed-ei-ik which means "running far in" (in reference to the tide, which has a long range over the shallow, sandy beaches)
 - Tatamagouche, from Takamegoochk which means "barred across the entrance with sand".
A 2012 book, by the Mi'kma


Just a quick update, but I just wanted to say that I have added full P-persistent CSMA to the KISS version of the MicroAPRS firmware, which means, that MicroAPRS will now adhere to the P and SlotTime parameters set by the controlling software. CSMA, or Carrier Sense Multiple Access, is a collision avoidance scheme used to minimise packet collisions on networks such as APRS. The functionality of CSMA is very simple, here's how it works:
 1. Assume that P is a predetermined number between 0 and 255, and SlotTime is a number of milliseconds
 2. If there is another station transmitting, wait until the medium becomes idle
 3. When there is no other transmitting stations, a random number R between 0 and 255 is picked
 4. If R < P, the packet is transmitted. If R > P, the modem waits for SlotTime and goes to step 2
Implementing this simple technique, the amount of collisions can be reduced significantly.
2 thoughts on "P-persistent CSMA
 1. P is a set of numbers between 0 and 255
 R is a random number picked from that set
 how R > P or R < P for god sake
 how the hell you compare a number with a set
 I can't find a damn resource for this p csma
 1. I can understand your confusion, but you got some of the details wrong. P is a number that is chosen, and must be between 0 and 255. It's not a set of numbers. That should make it a bit more clear.
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text:
Interfacing 8155 I/O ports and 8279 with multiple Addresses
This article is about a decoding technique using the 74139, a 2-to-4 decoder.
The above mentioned device has two 2-to-4 decoders inside, one is used for interfacing I/O ports and the second is used for interfacing memory.
Let's see I/O interfacing:
- The input to the decoder are the address lines A7 and A6.
- The decoder is enabled by the IO/M signal through an inverter.
- Whenever the processor asserts IO/M high to access an I/O port, the decoder becomes active.
- The address lines A5-A0 are not decoded in this schematic, some of them are connected to programmable I/O devices such as the 8155 and 8279
The figure will look something like this:
8155 I/O Addresses:
8279 I/O Addresses:
Multiple I/O Addresses:
The 8279 needs only two addresses, but because of the five don't care lines, it occupies the space of 64 I/O addresses. In the case of the 8155, three addresses lines don't care; therefore, it has eight sets of address ranges for its I/O ports and the timer.
- Save Costs
- Save Space
My Personal Notes arrow_drop_up
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text:
Chapel of Nossa Senhora da ConceiçãoLocated on the raised plain occupied by the enclosure of the Convent of the Order of Christ, halfway between the world of men, the city, and that of God, the Convent, is a small chapel built in limestone. It faces west and has a centralised rectangular layout and can be seen from various points in the city. From a distance, seen from the town, it looks like a small temple. Closer up, it looks like a monumental sculpture and, as one approaches, its monumentality seems to diminish, only to impose itself again when one enters the chapel.
The Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Our Lady of the Conception) was designed and built by João de Castilho at the behest of João III. The construction work stretched from 1547 to 1572 and was most likely completed by Filipe Terzi.
The chapel is a small temple with a triple-naved space where everything contributes to the harmony of the architectural orders represented in it. A unique game of light creates an illusion of grandeur and depth.
A rectangular building with a Latin cross layout, three naves and a slightly prominent transept, it is distinguished on the exterior by pilasters and is finished off with a triangular pediment.
It may originally have been built as a burial place for João III, who was laid to rest in the Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon.


text:
Objective: To formulate clinical practice guidelines for the use of continuous glucose monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adults with diabetes. Participants: The participants include an Endocrine Society-appointed Task Force of seven experts, a methodologist, anda medical writer. The American Association for Clinical Chemistry, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the European Society of Endocrinology co-sponsored this guideline. Evidence: The Task Force developed this evidence-based guideline using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system to describe the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. The Task Force commissioned one systematic review and used the best available evidence from other published systematic reviews and individual studies. Consensus Process: One group meeting, several conference calls, and e-mail communications enabled consensus. Committees and members of the Endocrine Society, the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the European Society of Endocrinology reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of these guidelines. Conclusions: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous glucose monitoring have an important role in the treatment of diabetes. Data from randomized controlled trials are limited onthe use of medical devices, but existing studies support the use of diabetes technology for a wide variety of indications. This guideline presents a review of the literature and practice recommendations for appropriate device use. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101: 3922-3937, 2016).
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Biochemistry, medical


Science project
Rainbow in a Jar
In both cases, you need two things: a source of light, and a transparent substance like glass or water.
But wouldn't it be spectacular to hold a rainbow in a jar?
How can we use chemicals to make a rainbow in a jar?
 - 1 jar
 - 1/2 cup blue dishwashing liquid
 - 1/2 cup olive oil
 - 1/2 cup rubbing alcohol
 - 1/2 cup light corn syrup
 - Food coloring
 - 5 spoons
 - 5 bowls for mixing
 1. Make your purple layer by mixing 1/2 cup of the light corn syrup with 1 drop of blue and 1 drop of red food coloring.
 2. Carefully pour it into the bottom of your jar.
 3. Carefully pour the blue dish soap down the side of the jar.
 4. Mix 1/2 cup of water with 2 drops of green food coloring.
 5. Carefully pour in your green water down the side of the jar.
 6. Gently pour 1/2 cup olive oil down the side of your jar.
 7. Mix 1/2 cup of rubbing alcohol with 2 drops of red food coloring.
 8. Carefully pour the red rubbing alcohol down the inside of your jar.
 9. Being careful not to disturb your liquids, set your jar down on the table and enjoy your rainbow!
You should have produced a beautifully layered rainbow in a jar with distinct lines that separate each layer of liquid without them mixing.
So what keeps all these layers all separated from each other? It's how dense, or heavy, each liquid is. The corn syrup is heaviest, and sits nicely on the bottom. The dishwashing soap is not quite as heavy as the corn syrup, but it's heavier than the olive oil, and so on.
Layering them from heaviest to lightest from the bottom up ensures that the rainbow maintains its distinct lines.
What if you had added the layers in the reverse order? Would you still see a rainbow? Try it. What if you changed the colors around but added each liquid in the original order? Go for it. What happens if you mix your rainbow with a spoon? No matter which new experiments you attempt, be sure to record your results to learn even more about density.
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All math functions in JavaScript use radians in place of degrees. Yet they are either unequal, or I am way off base.
The conversion from degrees to a radian is:
var rad = angle * Math.PI / 180
A 90 degree angle equals 1.57079633 radian
The cosine of a 90 degree angle equals 0.
The cosine of a 1.57079633 radian equals -3.20510345 × 10-9.
Note that in the Javascript, everything is done in one step to avoid rounding errors:
var cos = Math.cos(angle * Math.PI / 180);
I am obviously missing something obvious here, but boy is it screwing up the code.
share|improve this question
6 Answers 6
up vote 11 down vote accepted
everything is done in one step to avoid rounding errors
How does that avoid rounding errors? It just means that the rounding errors aren't available in a separate variable, that's all.
The true value of pi can't be accurately represented as a floating point number, so the true value of pi / 2 can't either. So you can't give Math.cos the exact value needed to get 0. But hey - 10-9 is a very, very small number. It means that if you were drawing a line 10,000 kilometres long, you'd end up veering 1cm away from the relevant axis.
This is exactly the kind of thing you should expect when dealing with floating point numbers. Don't compare with equality - compare within some tolerance.
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218k!? Haven't been paying attention, last time I saw you you were on 10k! – Rich Bradshaw Sep 19 '10 at 13:03
This is my first question that Jon Skeet deemed worthy of an answer. – SamGoody Sep 19 '10 at 13:07
The tolerance that Jon mentioned is often referred to as epsilon in formal papers – Mr Bell Jul 17 at 14:57
_USER_: Well, I usually use "epsilon" for a smallest representable delta (e.g. _URL_-us/library/system.double.epsilon.aspx) which isn't necessarily the same as the tolerance you want to express. But that may just be me. – Jon Skeet Jul 17 at 21:33
There will always be rounding errors. And floating point isn't mathematically accurate anyways, it's only accurate to a certain amount of significant digits.
Change your code so that it doesn't "screw up" when you have errors in the order of 1/_PHONE_.
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For most of us doing serious sums on computers 0 IS equal to -3.20510345×10^-9 to any reasonable degree of the accuracy that you have a right to expect when working with floating-point numbers. This is a topic that is covered regularly on SO.
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Yeah, you're just losing data on type conversions here.
90 degress in radians is not equal to exactly 1.57079633. If there were more decimal places, that would convert straight back as expected.
You will always have to be careful with things like this. As mentioned above, the 10^-9 is close enough to zero.
Also taken from MSDN:
In addition, the result of arithmetic and assignment operations with Double values may differ slightly by platform because of the loss of precision of the Double type. For example, the result of assigning a literal Double value may differ in the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the.NET Framework. The following example illustrates this difference when the literal value -4.42330604244772E-305 and a variable whose value is -4.42330604244772E-305 are assigned to a Double variable. Note that the result of the Parse(String) method in this case does not suffer from a loss of precision.
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In computers, π/2 radians cannot exactly equal 90 degrees, because π is an infinitely long number. Therefore, one can't expect perfect presicion with π, unless the computer is ∞-bit.
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I just realized:
-3.20510345 × 10-9 is the same as -0.00000000320510345, which is very close to zero.
Google's conversion to radian is rounded, and that rounding causes the err.
My guess is that Javascript, which is notorious for its lack of precision with numbers, also creates an incorrect radian, and therefore its cosign is way off.
Not sure how I would solve this though - rounding is not acceptable, as that wouldn't work for other angles.
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I don't think JS is any more "notorious for its lack of precision with numbers" than anything else that uses floating point arithmetic. Also it would be better if you added this as an edit to your question instead of posting it as an answer. – Matti Virkkunen Sep 19 '10 at 13:07
When I started writing it as an answer, there were no other answers. And it does answer the question - if I had added it as an edit, people would complain that there is no valid question. – SamGoody Sep 19 '10 at 13:16
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text:
V. Znak (Vladimir Ilich Znak) is Senior scientific researcher at The Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Russia. He received his Ph.D. in 1980 at The Sevastopol instrument-making institute, Sevastopol. His Research interests were in the field of signal processing, estimation of signal parameters and characteristics, computational mathematics, applied statistics, computational technologies, development of algorithms and computer programs, formal logic, etc. he is Author of more than 70 publications, including inventor's certificates.
Periodic (harmonic and frequency-modulated
– FM) signals are widely used, and an appropriate research can be of interest in different fields of activity. Our purpose is to study the above signals for estimating their parameters and characteristics such as locus of a signal on a time axis and the degree of their presence in noise. Such indications determine the degree of trust to consequent estimations. At the same time, we assume that a signal is recorded at a discrete time t1,…, tN, where ti-1 – ti =t = const, i=2,…, N.
We propose to use the cluster analysis for studying periodic signals. According to this, we consider the corresponding approach, the statement of a problem and specify the way of its decision. Finally, we intend to present some results of the data obtained of a model of the FM signa


text:
E-Navigation – a tool for safe navigation
E-Navigation is one of the tasks within the EfficienSea project. The E-Navigation scheme aims to create an integrated intelligent navigation system that provides navigators with the essential information that they need – and only that.
Better collection and exchange of information
The aim of E-Navigation is to create a tool that can collect, optimise and sort the information. Today there are many medium and large quantities of information on the bridge. E-Navigation will put all this into a system that shows only the relevant information for each ship, and automatically generates the administrative information that the ship has to send to the authorities or suchlike.
Increased safety, locally and globally
As a result, E-Navigation is a tool that improves navigation safety both in our own waters and around the world.