the handwritten grimoires, even esoteric publications and Witchcraft handbooks that Kol has probably collected over the centuries are stored within the Playhouse.
Vincent Griffith's Grimoire
Vincent's grimoire opened with a skull drawn
It is possible that this grimoire contains traditions and rituals specific of the Tremé Coven, as well as the wild magic practiced by Vincent and Eva described by the former Regent, Josephine LaRue.
Freya Mikaelson's Grimoire
Freya tracing seals on paper sheets near her grimoire
Freya Mikaelson's grimoire is a light leather-bound book with yellowed pages. Since Freya doubted that Davina Claire was able to understand her magic, it's possible that her grimoire contains specific information of Freya's magic, including Connective Magic and Kenning she learned from her aunt and captor Dahlia. Spells of Possession and magic related to death, such as the Death-Memory Conjuration Spell, are contained therein.
In addition to her own grimoire, which she also used for practicing in making seals to weaken Lucien Castle in The Devil Comes Here and Sighs, Freya has at her disposal Esther's grimoires, and perhaps even those that belonged to her brother Kol. This was shown in Out of the Easy, when she tried to magically locate her sister Rebekah, and an assortment of grimoires was placed on her working table at St. Louis Cathedral's attic.
Hope Mikaelson's Grimoire
Hope's notebook grimoire.
Hope Mikaelson's grimoire is a notebook with a cover decorated with glitter and colored stickers. A yellow scrap of cardboard glued to the front-cover bears the title of the book, "Hope's Grimoire," written in block capitals with letters of different colors. The pages contain disparate notions on witchcraft and instructions on how to perform spells and rituals, such as astral projecting. The texts are written with pencils and markers of different colors in a clear and childish calligraphy and are decorated with drawings and illustrations.
Throughout Legacies Series
Lizzie Saltzman's Grimoire
In Yup, It's a Leprechaun, All Right, Lizzie mentions to Kaleb that she has her own grimoire. Within its pages, she has some old, Salem-era spells for dispersing angry mobs. She had hoped to try and figure out if she could reverse one of them to draw people to the Salvatore School so help with their Fundraiser day to save the school from being taken by the bank because of a property tax lien.
The Necromancer's Grimoire
The Necromancer's grimoire.
"I know you two have history, and this grimoire of his is full of... Black magic spells."
Alaric and Josie about The Necromancer's grimoire in I Was Made To Love You
The Necromancer's Grimoire is a dark tome filled with dark and powerful black magic spells. In Facing Darkness is Kinda My Thing, the Necromancer proposed to work with Alaric in order to rid him of Josie and gain the dark magic that rebounded to her after she broke the Mora Miserium. In Hold on Tight, while the Necromancer prepared his sacrifices and consecrated Mystic Falls High School, Alyssa Chang used the Necromancer's grimoire to recreate the original Triad spell that spawned Malivore. In I Was Made To Love You, however, the amnesiac Necromancer was given back his grimoire by Josie and Alaric, hoping to raise Leonardo DaVinci. The more dark arts he performed, the more he remembered and could read the grimoire. However, he sacrificed himself performing a spell that could dispel other spells for Alaric.
Other Grimoires
Though not stated officially as "Grimoires", two additional tomes exist to provide knowledge and spell-work for various magic.
The Tome of the Everlastings
In I Would for You, the tome of the Everlasting was introduced. Within its pages, it contained the intricate spell work of the Shamans that created the Huntress, as well as the the Phoenix Sword and Stone. Given the partial destruction of the Armory in I Was Feeling Epic, it is unknown if this book or the spells contained within its pages survived.
The Sacrificial Magic Instruction Manual
TO402-124-Vincent's Book.png
In No Quarter, the journal was seen for the first time and was later elaborated upon in Haunter of Ruins; it was an instruction manual for Sacrificial Magic. Within its pages, it details a unique form of Sacrificial Magic not common to New Orleans witches. Marcel assumed the sacrifices were made to the sacrificing witch's ancestors, though Vincent claims it is to something different, something older than the Ancestors. Vincent also states that "the book never gave it a name" to what he and Eva made sacrifices too. Though written in the former's hand, he has no recollection of writing it. In Voodoo Child, Vincent claims that it contains the secrets to the Hollow's magic and is an extension of the Hollow itself, imbued with her magic, which can be used in powerful spells, making it an eternal object. However, possessing the young witch, Hope Mikaelson, the Hollow destroyed the book herself, likely being the only entity that could, as Vincent also attempted and failed once before.
 - The word "grimoire" came from the old French "grammaire" meaning "a handbook". In the Medieval Age, grimoires were ceremonial magic handbooks.
 - In The Originals: The Rise, Elijah says that Esther's Grimoires were concealed by false legends to prevent witches' attempts to take possession of them.
 - The largest collection of grimoires had belonged to Jonas Martin. Upon his death, Bonnie took possession of them.
 - Many witches appear to be endowed with artistic skills, given the detailed illustrations shown in the various grimoires.
 - In Voodoo Child, Klaus states he has a whole library of Grimoires.
 - In I'll Tell You a Story, there is a continuity error with the grimoire that Lizzie reads from. It is Esther's grimoires, the same one that Davina stole a page from in Alone with Everybody and that Freya used in One Wrong Turn On Bourbon. The error is continued in That's Nothing I Had to Remember when Josie visits Freya in New Orleans to ask for Freya's help to reverse engineer and learn a spell
See also


text:
Algebra Seminar talk
Antoine Mottet (Univerzita Karlova)
Cores of structures with a Ramsey expansion
A core is a relational structure whose endomorphisms behave locally as automorphisms. Cores are objects that appear naturally in the study of constraint satisfaction problems, and in this context it is an important question to determine which classes of structures can be reduced to the study of the cores inside them. The class of finite structures is a trivial such example, and the class of countably categorical structures is another (Bodirsky, 2003). In this talk, I will show that the same holds for structures admitting a countably categorical Ramsey expansion. This is joint work with Michael Pinsker.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Here's one we almost missed: last month a Caltech press release announced the development of a radar-on-a-chip. Ali Hajimiri, Hossein Hashemi, and other researchers at the Caltech High-speed Integrated Circuits Lab found a way to replace the moving parts normally required for a radar with an integrated phased-array antennae (PDF format) and, combined with chip technology that can run at 24 GHz, they produced a working radar on a silicon chip that can be fabricated with conventional photolithography. Companies like M/A-COM and Valeo already sell relatively small, inexpensive automotive radar systems. Mass production of a radar chip for automotive use should bring the cost into a range suitable for robot builders to add radar as a standard sensor. A recent New Scientist story has more details about the new radar technology.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Forms of benefit sharing in global health research undertaken in resource poor settings: a qualitative study of stakeholders' views in Kenya.
Lairumbi GM., Parker M., Fitzpatrick R., English MC.
BACKGROUND: Increase in global health research undertaken in resource poor settings in the last decade though a positive development has raised ethical concerns relating to potential for exploitation. Some of the suggested strategies to address these concerns include calls for providing universal standards of care, reasonable availability of proven interventions and more recently, promoting the overall social value of research especially in clinical research. Promoting the social value of research has been closely associated with providing fair benefits to various stakeholders involved in research. The debate over what constitutes fair benefits; whether those that addresses micro level issues of justice or those focusing on the key determinants of health at the macro level has continued. This debate has however not benefited from empirical work on what stakeholders consider fair benefits. This study explores practical experiences of stakeholders involved in global health research in Kenya, over what benefits are fair within a developing world context. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted in-depth interviews with key informants drawn from within the broader health research system in Kenya including researchers from the mainstream health research institutions, networks and universities, teaching hospitals, policy makers, institutional review boards, civil society organisations and community representative groups.The range of benefits articulated by stakeholders addresses both micro and macro level concerns for justice by for instance, seeking to engage with interests of those facilitating research, and the broader systemic issues that make resource poor settings vulnerable to exploitation. We interpret these views to suggest a need for global health research to engage with current crises that face people in these settings as well as the broader systemic issues that produce them. CONCLUSION: Global health research should provide benefits that address both the micro and macro level issues of justice in order to forestall exploitation. Embracing the two is however challenging in terms of how the various competing interests/needs should be balanced ethically, especially in the absence of structures to guide the process. This challenge should point to the need for greater dialogue to facilitate value clarification among stakeholders.


text:
4 -People :
1 – Research Unit of fish Nutrition:
a) Search of feed sources and determination of their nutritive values for utilization in fish diets.
b) Determination of fish nutrition requirements;
c) Study of nutrients roles in growing and rearing of fish
d) Yield increase of feed with utilization from feed additives.
2 – Research unit of fish culture and propagation:
Propagation methods and percent increasing of fertilization and larvae
b) Selection of better spawner fish.
c) To get have best culture methods and evaluation of various ways for production increasing in surface unit.
d) Effects of management on fish production.
3 – Research unit of hydrology and hydrobiology:
a) Search of water sources in province
b) Determination of water sources potential for fish culture and fish suitable species.
c) Fish biology
d) Study of aquatic organisms and water environment and interaction between them


text:
By reading the book "A New Coat for Anna" students will learn about resources, scarcity, costs, trade/bartering, and decision making through a young girl, Anna, whose mother wanted to buy her a coat but did not have the money.
- Define bartering and apply the concept to the worksheet activity provided in the process.
- Make the connection between bartering/trading and resources by answering questions during class discussion.
- List all of the resources in the story and classify those into groups of capital, natural, and human resources.
In the book "A New Coat for Anna" Anna's mother does not have the money to buy Anna a new coat, and even if she did, the shops did not have anything to sell due to post World War II shortages. Students will learn that they can sometimes get the things they want without money by trading/bartering things they have so that both sides benefit. They will also learn that sometimes we can't get what we want as soon as we want it. Sometimes we have to plan ahead to reach our goals and when we do reach them, they are even sweeter. By reading the book "A New Coat for Anna" students learn about resources, scarcity, costs, trade/bartering, and decision making through the experiences of Anna.
"A New Coat for Anna" by Harriet Ziefert. This is a link to purchase the book online. You may want to go to your school or local library to check out the book instead of purchasing the book from this website.
Teacher Guide: "A New Coat for Anna": This page provides activities related to the Harriet Ziefert book.
BankSITE's Kids' Korner: This site gives an overview of the history of money, discussing bartering, currency, metal money, and paper money.
Drawing Worksheet: This worksheet can be used for the assessment activity.
The Salvation Army: This is the international site for The Salvation Army.
Read the book, "A New Coat for Anna". Use this website for additional, supplemental activities and ways to make this book applicable for multiple subject areas. If you are just introducing these concepts, this History of Money may be beneficial for your students to have read to them.
Begin a discussion about the story by asking the students why Anna's mother could not go to the store to buy her a new coat. [She had no money, the shops did not have anything to sell after the war.]
What could Anna and her mother do? [They could find other ways to get a coat. They could trade their services for the coat or materials needed to make it.] Ask students to think about the many ways that Anna and her mother could get a coat. Lead them to discuss trade with money and trade without money. Explain that trading without the use of money is known as bartering, and that scarcity can result in parties bartering. In this case, the scarcity of resources and money led Anna's mother to trade/barter items/services in order to make Anna a coat.
Once the students understand the concept of scarcity, ask them what the mother did instead of buying a coat. "What did she do to get the things she needed to have the coat made?" [Traded, bartered.]
Explain, instead of giving up Anna's mother decided to trade some things she had for the things needed to make the coat...she "bartered." Further, bartering occurs when two people find themselves with something that someone else values even more and they exchange the item/service of lesser value (to themselves) for the item of greater or equal value. This barter/trade takes place when both parties are better off than they were. "What things did she have to barter/trade?" [Gold watch to the farmer for wool; a lamp to the old woman to spin wool into yarn; garnet necklace to the weaver to weave yarn into cloth; teapot to the tailor for sewing cloth into a coat.] "What things did she still need to get?" [buttons, zipper, elastic?] Discuss these possibilities as a class. Each of the things she bartered/traded, each of the things she wanted and each of the people who made the things she wanted are called "resources".
Resources are the things we USE to get or make the things we want. There are natural resources, capital resources, and human resources. Natural resources are the things we can use from nature, examples being water or land. Human resources are the skills people have that we can use, such as a welder which has the ability to join materials together. Capitoa resources are the things that we use over and over to get or make the things that we want, for example: a factory, it's vehicles and machines would be a few. Ask, "What resources were needed to produce the coat and what kind of resources were needed?" [Natural: Wool from the sheep, lingonberries. Human: farmer, old woman, weaver, tailor, girl and mother. Capital: shearing scissors, spinning wheel, loom, basket (for berries), measuring tape, pins, and sewing machine.]
This connection between bartering/trading and resources is inevitable. In order to barter/trade in any way both parties involved are going to have to have a resource. Whether these resources are natural, human, or capital resources, the exchange of them for another item or service reflects that both parties are better off by bartering/trading for something else other than what they already have.
Most of the time, when we want something, there is a cost involved in getting it. Sometimes we use money, and sometimes we trade or barter. The things we use to barter/trade or buy are called natural, capital, or human resources. Remember, bartering occurs when two people find themselves with something that someone else values even more and they exchange the item/service of lesser value (to themselves) for the item of greater or equal value. Bartering/trading takes place when both parties are better off than they were before the exchange.
This activity is designed to be sure that the students understand the differences among the different types of resources. You may want to display a short definition for each resource for the student's reference. These definitions are found in the process section.
Ask the students to fold a piece of paper into fourths, number sections 1-4 and in each corner draw, from the story:
1. A picture of two things that were bartered/traded for each other.
2. A picture of a natural resource.
3. A picture of a capital resource.
4. A picture of a human resource.
If preferred, students may draw their examples on the worksheet.
1. For this activity, ask students to bring a stuffed animal or a book from home to trade with a classmate for a different one. Explain that this item should be something that they are willing to barter/trade with others. This activity will show students how they can exchange items with their classmates in order to represent the concept of bartering/trading. Encourage the students to ask questions about how they might make a trade to get to the stuffed animal or book they want if they cannot get it on the first trade.
(NOTE: Send home a note to parents explaining why the kids need to bring the item to school.)
For older students you could allow up to three (or more) trades for them to try and end up with the stuffed animal or book they want.
2. As a class, graph the number of natural resources, capitol resources, and human resources used in the book. Which type of resource is most plentiful? Which is least plentiful? Why do you think that is? Why do you think there is a difference?
3. Ask students to identify the seasons when the events in the book took place to show that they had to plan and wait for their goal.
4. Consider having a coat drive for your class/school to bring in new or gently used coats. The Salvation Army does a drive every year to collect coats for those in need. Just call 1-800-95truck for easy pickup.
"This lesson really gives a hands on approach for students to learn about bartering, scarcity and decision making."


Implantable BioFuel Cells
With the progress of biomedical devices, physicians and healthcare specialists have been trying to use more and more implantable devices to treat certain conditions of their patients ranging from birth defects to organ failures. To this regard, battery‐powered implantable devices have been in use for fifty years, following implantation of the first successful cardiac pacemaker in 1960. The development of lithium batteries in the late 1960s led to better, smaller devices that showed multiyear longevity and high reliability. Still, the lithium batteries present many drawbacks in terms of safety, reliability, longevity. This why there are numerous efforts to develop alternative power‐supply systems, safer, more reliable, and capable of operating independently over prolonged periods of time without the need of external recharging or refueling.
Several tracks have been explored in order to power implanted devices with energy scavenged from human body. They are called Biofuel Cells.
The aim of the IBFC project is to optimize the power output of Implantable BioFuel Cells (IBFC).
Potential Applications of IBFC
Better IBFC could open new applications ranging from neuro-stimulators and drugs pumps, to insuline pumps and bone growth stimulators.


Concrete Strengthening and Why It Becomes Necessary
Concrete is a remarkable material widely used throughout the world in all sorts of building projects and containers. Concrete is a durable material composed of fine and coarse aggregate that is bonded together with cement paste and cured over time, forming a strong and stable surface.
Even though concrete is strong and reliable, problems can occur over time due to defects and deterioration. In these cases, repairs, concrete strengthening, or even replacement can be employed to achieve or preserve the function of a concrete structure.
What are the Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration and Failure?
There are many types and causes of concrete deterioration, which if not treated quickly enough or handled properly can lead to failure of the concrete structure:
 1. This is the loss of surface material, leaving the aggregate exposed, resulting from the freeze-thaw cycle.
 2. This is the physical breakdown of the concrete into smaller fragments, typically caused by, frost action, de-icing chemicals, sulfates, or chlorides.
 3. This is the deterioration of a concrete surface resulting from particles in water continuously moving across and "scrubbing" a concrete surface. This also occurs with the normal frictional wear and tear on a surface.
 4. Corroding steel or other metals reinforcement. When metal reinforcement in concrete corrodes, that can result in cracking of the concrete or delamination of the concrete surface.
 5. This is extended delamination of the concrete surface resulting in the detachment of large concrete fragments.
 6. Chemical reactions. Cracking in the concrete can occur resulting from a chemical reaction between alkalis in the cement and silica in the aggregates.
 7. Fractures or cracks in the concrete. This can occur due to settlement within the concrete mass, shrinkage, thermal contraction, or substrate settlement. Also, overload can cause fractures.
Defects in Concrete Tanks
Defects and deterioration in concrete tanks can occur in the same ways as deterioration occurs in other concrete structures: a weakening of concrete walls, sinking of foundations, failure of linings, and the natural consequences of liquid erosion. When these things occur, it is time for concrete strengthening. FRP repairs is an excellent solution.
FRP Repairs
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is an excellent solution for concrete (and other) structural water tanks. It is used to:
 - Strengthen load capacity.
 - Increase seismic strength.
 - Repair damaged structures.
Contact an expert coatings contractor Bay Area for FRP repairs. FRP is a thin, yet high strength material that can be used in tight spaces as well as on large surface areas.
Call the Experts for Tank Leak Repair Work
Contact Picon FRP, Inc., based in San Pablo, CA and serving the Bay Area, Northern California, Nevada, and Arizona. Picon is a full-service manufacturer and field service provider of industrial fiber reinforced plastic and anti-corrosion products, tank repairs, and custom fabrication. Our products provide corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, and more.


About tasks
All tasks in a workflow are listed in the Task tab in the Workflow Properties sheet. Each individual task has a Properties sheet.
Each user can see their own Tasks in Progress on the Organizer tab, see Tasks in Progress.
 Tip: The My Reviews window in RevMan will show if you have an active task for a review.
Task properties
General - Contains general information about the task such as:
 - the name of a task along with its description
 - the name of the workflow template
 - the names of a workflow manager and a task assignee
 - status of the task ('In Progress', 'Completed' and 'Skipped')
 - start and due date of a task.
History - Records all events for the individual task. All events are listed in reverse chronological order with the most recent event at the top. A workflow manager can add notes to the history of the task. These notes automatically appear in the workflow history too. You can view task history with varying detail levels (Full, Medium and Simple) using the pull-down list at the top of the History tab. The default detail level option in tasks history is set to Simple (shows the most general workflow events).
See also Creating task notes.
Email - Allows a Workflow manager to create, send/resend and delete a 'ticket' or 'information' email. It is also possible to set Notification preferences.
See also Sending a task email, Editing a task email.
Advanced - Allows the Workflow manager to create a 'ticket' to be sent by email to the task assignee and set Notification preferences.
To open task Properties
 1. Find the task you want to open (e.g., in the workflow Properties, or with Advanced Search, see Advanced task search options).
 2. Double-click the name.
 Note: If comments or files for a task have been added either via a ticket or task Properties, an icon for that task will appear on the Tasks tab of the workflow properties.


Hotdocs Software and the New Wave of Documents
When you hear the word "hotdocs," you might immediately think of some of the beautiful men and women you see on the weekly medical shows deftly saving lives and dealing with life and death situations while retaining their courage and perfect teeth. But there is another hotdocs that is well known in legal circles and is arguably more popular and hands down more useful than any actor living.
Hotdocs software is a program that allows the conversion of standard file formats, such as Word documents, WordPerfect files, or PDFs into a universal template that can be used to create sophisticated forms and documents for any number of purposes.
This legal system software was first developed back in the 1970s when Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, started to look at ways for computers to generate legal forms. The software has grown over time, constantly refined and developed in response to feedback from an ever growing user base. In 1993 the first commercial version of the software was released, garnering a significant following and simplifying the complex arena of legal form production.
Sales proposals, contracts, court documents and other legal forms became much simpler and much less time consuming to generate. Similar to mail merge processes within word processing documents but on a scale much grander and far more sophisticated, hotdocs allows the user to turn a standard document, such as a PDF or Word document, into an interactive questionnaire. The answers from this questionnaire are then used to generate a fully automated and useable legal form, customized to the individual or company at hand with all of the correct clauses and details.
Beyond this, hotdocs can be used in conjunction with databases, allowing maximum efficiency and total customizability with the infrastructure of the many and varied documents needed to effectively supplement the company. Case and practice management systems can also be integrated into the architecture, making hotdocs a unique product to each customer, a truly versatile piece of software.
The functionality of the program also allows it to be portable across the internet, reaching clients and offices wherever the web touches. Additional software is needed to accomplish this, but hotdocs pricing can include the necessary components in package deals to suit most businesses. The time recouped alone is worth the initial investment.
With such an amazing tool at their fingertips, it's no wonder that so many companies now take advantage of hotdocs, incorporating it into their daily workflow and enhancing areas that once moved at a sluggish pace, at once rendering them more efficient and less tedious. Now that's much more useful than George Clooney with a stethoscope.
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Calytrix CNR-Sidetone
CNR-Sidetone is a small USB-powered audio mixing device that connects the user's headset and computer, providing several key features that dramatically enhance the audio realism within your simulated radio environment..
Sidetone: The feedback of a microphone signal at a reduced volume back into the associated headphones, allowing a user's own voice to be heard as part of that user's headphones' audio environment.
The Presence of a'sidetone' gives the User the sensation that the microphone and associated equipment are working properly, that the microphone is "live". Lack of sidetone can give the wrong impression that the user is speaking into a non-working ("dead") microphone.
Sidetone increases the realism of training for trainees using headsets. In addition, some systems use the presence of sidetone as positive reinforcement to the user that the user's microphone has been activated.


(-oi after labials) -ai
Is there evidence for similar mixture in other aspects of Fuzhou?
The graph 艐 for 'run aground' had three readings in dictionary Middle Chinese:
*tsoŋ 'to adhere to sand and cease to go'
*kah 'to adhere to sand and cease to go'
*kaih 'to arrive'
Norman pointed out that only the first reading matches its phonetic MC 㚇 *tsoŋ and proposed that
perhaps kai- [= my *kaih] and khâ- [= my *khah] should be considered "kun" readings, that is, reading associated with the character purely on semantic grounds******.
But where did these k-readings and PM *khâiC 'to run aground' come from? MC 艐 *kah < OC *kals and PM *khâiC vaguely resemble Khmer
កើល kaəl < *kəəl 'to run aground'
I am hesitate to declare PM *khâiC and MC *kah to be from Austroasiatic because the word is unattested in Old Khmer and I cannot find any cognates within Mon-Khmer, so it cannot be reconstructed on the Proto-Mon-Khmer level. It could be a Khmer innovation that never existed in what is now southern China. Moreover, the vowels do not match. I would expect an MC cognate of Khmer *kəəl to be *kɨi < *kəi < *kəl.
*7.22.1:12: The hyphen indicates an MC 'departing tone', not that śju- 'garrison' is a prefix.
**7.22.14:26: I would expect Cantonese 33tsʰy or tsʰyC with only one kind of tone marking. Tone D is not possible for Cantonese open syllables.
***7.22.16:59: Cantonese and Taishan share no common ancestor below the Proto-Yue level according to JM Campbell's classification as presented on Wikipedia.
****7.22.15:43: I do not know the origin of the second syllable of Cantonese 屋企 uk khei 'house'. 企 means 'to stand on tiptoe' which has nothing to do with 'house', so I think it is purely phonetic in 屋企. Chalmers' romanization k'iˊ for 企 implies that -i broke to -ei after velars sometime between 1859 and the 20th century.
*****7.22.16:13: The phonetic 穼 is doubly strange.
First, it and its variant 𥥿 have a dot on top absent from its derivatives 深琛探.
Second, the Guangyun MC dictionary listed two fanqie for it:
所今切 = *ʂim < OC?*ksləm
杜覽切 = *damʔ < OC *lamʔ
Neither matches the MC reading *ɕim that is my equivalent of Karlgren's (1957: 176) *śi̯əm and Schuessler's *śj̯əmA (2009: 366).
Although MC initial *d- points to OC *l-, MC initial *ʂ- is usually from *srrather than laterals or nasals. Like Pulleyblank (1991: 67), I think *ksis a possible OC soruce for MC *ʂ-, so my *kslis an attempt to account for an anomalous retroflex initial in a lateral series.
******7.22.22:20: Norman's "kun" is the Japanese term for native Japanese readings of Chinese characters which are usually translation equivalents of their Sino-Japanese readings borrowed from Chinese.
'to adhere to sand and cease to go' and 'to arrive' do not have much semantic overlap. I suspect a two-stage process:
1. MC 㚇 *tsoŋ to adhere to sand and cease to go' used to write unrelated synonym *kah 'id.'
2. MC 㚇 *kah 'to adhere to sand and cease to go' used to write unrelated near-homophone *kaih 'to arrive'
It's remotely possible that the two meanings could be related in one direction or the other:
'to arrive' > 'to arrive badly' > 'to get stuck' > 'to get stuck in sand' = 'to adhere to sand and cease to go'
'to adhere to sand and cease to go' > 'to get stuck' > 'to come to get stuck' > 'to come to a place' = 'to arrive'
*kaih 'to arrive' is phonologically more archaic than *kah 'to adhere to sand and cease to go', as the former preserves the OC *-i lost in the latter. Could this mean that 'to arrive' is the older of the two meanings? If so, then there cannot be any connection with Khmer 'to run aground' unless the semantics went full circle (!):
Early Austroasiatic 'to run aground' borrowed into OC as 'to run aground' (unattested) archaic MC 'to arrive' MC 'to adhere to sand and cease to go' and Proto-Min 'to run aground' (innovations)
Khmer 'to run aground' (no change)
I doubt that 'to arrive' is the older meaning and that Chinese and Khmer independently (!) changed it to 'run aground':
Early Austroasiatic 'to arrive' archaic MC 'to arrive' MC 'to adhere to sand and cease to go' and Proto-Min 'to run aground' (innovations)
Khmer 'to run aground' (innovation)
But then if I still wanted these words to be related, I would have to claim that 'to arrive' has an innovative meaning coupled with archaic *-i-retention:
Early Austroasiatic 'to run aground' archaic MC 'to adhere to sand and cease to go' (with *-i loss) and Proto-Min 'to run aground' MC 'to arrive' (innovative meaning + *-i-retention)
Khmer 'to run aground' (innovation)
PM *khâiC with both the old meaning and the old *-i would then be like a'missing link' between an OC *kais 'to run aground' (unattested!) and MC *kah 'to adhere to sand and cease to go'. (PM *khâiC is not literally a link since PM is not ancestral to MC; it is a sister, not a mother.)
It is simpler to regard the Chinese and Khmer words as unrelated soundalikes.
Tangut fonts by Mojikyo.org
Tangut radical and Khitan fonts by Andrew West
Jurchen font by Jason Glavy
All other content copyright © 2002-2012 Amritavision


big as all outdoors
Temple of Olympian Zeus
Though just fifteen columns of the original 104 are still standing, what remains of the Temple of Olympian Zeus is magnificent. Its scale is colossal, and when finally completed by the Roman Emperor Hadrian after 600 years of stop-and-start construction, the marble temple stood as the largest in both Greece and Rome. (During the years of Athenian democracy, the temple was left unfinished because the Greeks of that period thought it anti-democratic to build on such a scale. Aristotle cited the temple as an example of how tyrannies engaged the populace in great works for the state and left them no time, energy or means to rebel.) Size notwithstanding, there is a grace to the design: elegant in their symmetry, the fifty-five foot-tall columns are capped by ornate Corinthian capitals which seem to open up towards the heavens like flower buds A 16th column blew over in 1852 and is still lying where it fell like so many dominoes, giving me the feeling that it's much impressive as a romantic ruin than it ever could have been as a temple.
Temple of Olympian Zeus - fallen column
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Chinese Tang tomb figures
Northern China, about AD 728
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About one metre high, these are among the tallest known burial figures from the Tang dynasty (AD 618-906). They come from the tomb of Liu Tingxun, an important official.
The group comprises two fabulous beasts (one with a human face), two fierce lokapala, guardian figures usually seen at the entrance to temples, and in the centre, two officials, one military, one civil. The military official has armour over his green robe and a bird of prey on his hat.
Figures of horses, camels and grooms from the same tomb group are also on display in the British Museum. They are reputed to be from the tomb of Liu Tingxun, an important military commander who died in AD 728.
The memorial tablet found with these figures records his skill in military matters and the arts of statesmanship, and that he died at the age of 72.
It is interesting that all the human heads are unglazed, including that of the fabulous beast, as are the flaming manes of both animals. Otherwise, the figures are completely covered with lead sancai (three-colour) glaze.
Burial practices in China
From early in China's history, society attempted to cross the boundary between this world and the next, calling on the ancestors of both rulers and ordinary people.
Ancestors were worshipped because of their ability to communicate with the many gods and spirits on behalf of the living.


text: The management of elections is increasingly generating impassioned debate in these East African nations � Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The bodies that manage and conduct elections are, therefore, coming under intense citizen and stakeholder scrutiny for the manner in which they are composed, how they organise and perform their mandates, and the outcomes they achieve. The effectiveness of electoral management bodies (EMBs) has largely been influenced by the impact of political violence on election management reforms in East Africa. Even in countries where EMBs are the products of reforms initiated in the aftermath of violent disputes over elections, they still face enormous challenges in dealing with electoral disputes and anticipating election-related crises. Although changes to constitutions and the laws in these countries have sought to make EMBs independent and, therefore, more inclined to deliver free, fair and credible elections, there are many issues that determine their impartiality and their ability to allow for the aggregation and free expression of the will of the people. These shortcomings negatively impact on democracy. This volume assembles case studies on the capacity of EMBs in these five East African countries to deliver democratic and transparent elections.


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Brazilian emission standards for motor vehicles and engines are developed and adopted by the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA) and the Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA)—two agencies within the Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA, Ministry of Environment).
Emissions from motor vehicles are reguated under two CONAMA programs :
- PROCONVE—Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores (Air Pollution Control Program for Motor Vehicles), and
- PROMOT—Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Motociclos e Veículos Similares (Air Pollution Control Program for Motorcycles and Similar Vehicles)
The programs are focused on new vehicle regulations. However, PROCONVE also covers the development of annual inspection and maintenance (I&M) programs to ensure that vehicle operators maintain their vehicles according to the original specifications and to prevent changes to vehicle emission systems.
PROCONVE emission standards for light-duty vehicles are loosely based on both US and EU regulations, with a number of differences in the limit values and testing requirements. Standards for heavy-duty engines are based on European regulations.
Regulated Engines and Vehicles
Emissions are regulated from the following vehicle categories :
- Light-duty vehicles, including light passenger vehicles (automobiles) and light commerial vehicles,
- Heavy-duty vehicles (trucks and buses),
- Nonroad vehicles, including agricultural and construction machines, and
- Two-wheel vehicles, such as motorcycles and mopeds (Phase M-1 was introduced in 2003, M-2 in 2005, M-3 in 2009, and M-4 in 2011).


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Eduardo Vigil Martín
Clinical Documentation Centre
Jaime Nieto Cervera
Information Systems Hospitales
Universitarios Virgen del Rocío
The Virgen del Rocío hospital complex, which opened in 1955, has become one of the most important hospitals in Europe because of its size. Today it has grown to include seven hospitals and two specialist centres, with 1,750 beds and 8,300 staff. It also has a reputation as a national reference centre for pathology. In 2002, Virgen del Rocío started a project for developing and implementing an information system combining document management functionality with clinical workstation, electronic patient record and knowledge management capabilities. This innovative approach has culminated in the development of an information system of national renown, whose success has led to the exportation of the model to other hospitals located in Spain and Europe.
A new information system
In 2002, the Virgen del Rocío Hospital had already centralised its eight medical record files in the Advanced Clinical Documentation Centre, which contains nearly 2.5 million paper medical records. The hospital information system (HIS) that was originally deployed addressed the administrative necessities but it did not provide a solution for the clinical processes development. The hospital had an increasing number of disparate and nonintegrated information systems. In addition, the electronic patient record systems analysed in the market did not offer either the functional or technical requirements for working with such information volume and number of users.
We proposed the selection of a professional document management platform that would be used for the construction of the Virgen del Rocío's corporative clinical workstation with several very clearly defined targets:
- It must be the working tool of clinicians, helping them with the daily medical tasks and reaching a level of support for clinical processes not covered by any other systems.
- It must have the following characteristics: simplicity, usability, versatility and stability.
- The clinical professionals must cooperate with the project not only in the analysis and design, but also at every project stage.
- It must keep the current information systems map, maximising their value without requiring replacements.
- It must make the integration and the integrated management of the data possible – including the information dispersed across the seven hospitals and in their respective information systems.
- It must be oriented to information and knowledge, taking advantage of such data volumes to provide knowledge management and research capabilities.
- The proposal must demonstrate a quick return on investment.
After a benchmarking analysis with the help of DMR Consulting, Documentum (EMC) was selected as the best solution for the new information system. After a further public tender, Virgen del Rocío counted on DMR Consulting again to construct SIDCA, the new clinical workstation, electronic patient record and advanced clinical documentation management system.
Today, the system has 2,230 users distributed among 1,059 doctors, 887 nurses and 212 clerks. It is running in hospital services from anaesthesia and reanimation to urology. The clinical workstation has over 1.3 million electronic patient records and manages more than 4.5 million clinical episodes. Tables 1 and 2 show several indicators that represent an approach to the volume of the information manager.
Benefits of the new information system
The Virgen del Rocío clinical workstation has been deployed for three years and provides the following benefits to the hospital:
- Immediate access to clinical information reduces time to diagnosis and increases productivity.
- Provides clinicians with the maximum level of available information, to provide safer patient care and to reduce the possibility of preventable medical errors.
- Enabling timely access to patient information has reduced repetition of tests such as laboratory samples, imaging scans and diagnostic exams.
- Improves the services provided and the quality perceived by the patient.
- Acts as a fundamental tool for clinicians, making possible the advance exploitation of the clinical compiled information, both for measuring the quality and for obtaining management indicators.
- Improves the investment return in the existing information systems, because now the hospital has better capacities for managing and exploiting of the information that was dispersed and with difficulty accessible before.
- Increases hospital efficiency and efficacy in clinical research and, as a consequence, the financing of research projects by national and international agencies.
- It is improving the work and efficiency of the hospital's Quality Committee.
Deploying a document management platform has enabled the hospital to establish common practices for managing complex patient information across the healthcare enterprise. This solution now allows clinical professionals to gain immediate access to clinical documentation, complementary tests and medical images to provide safer, clinical care.
The clinical workstation developed by Virgen del Rocío serves as an excellent example of how a healthcare organisation can benefit from the deployment of a comprehensive document management strategy to enhance safe and efficient patient care delivery. This unique and and innovative technological approach and architectural design has resulted in the realisation of a renowned information system that can be leveraged by other hospitals in Spain and Europe.


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We are constantly looking to improve our services, and our laboratory was one of the first commercial laboratories to receive a STERLAB certification (currently known as ISO17025 certification).
Following changes in the market for foodstuffs and animal feeds that have increasingly raised the requirements for quality and food safety, we have developed into a high-tech laboratory for the safety and quality of foodstuffs and animal feeds. Our scientists can verify the nutritional value of your food products in terms of fats, proteins and starch.
We also analyse food to identify micronutrients like vitamins and minerals. In order to maintain food quality during shelf life, we can establish the aerobic and anaerobic plate count and whether any yeasts and moulds are present. Using organoleptic assessment, we can also test for foreign materials, damaged grain and poisonous seeds. Plus, our portfolio includes DNA analyses like PCR screening for GMO testing, allergen testing and baking performance parameters like Hagberg, Alveograph.
In addition, we have specialised in fossil fuels and biofuels by offering an extensive range of analyses for these. From basic chemical testing to complex contamination analyses or even classic microbiological methods, we can help sort out the good from the bad.
Our laboratories offer a wide range of analyses expertise in the field of contaminants and additives. This includes natural contaminants like mycotoxins, contamination that occurs during processing (PAH's/dioxins, acrylamide, transfatty acids) and package mediated migration. Evaluation of pesticides and antibiotics completes our analysis portfolio. Our classic microbiological methods allow us to analyse plate count, yeasts and moulds to test for bacteria like salmonella, EHEC and E. Coli O157. On the molecular level, we provide GMO-analyses and microbial analyses such as E. coli (STEC EHEC) and Salmonella typing by DNA micro-arrays.
We are committed to ensuring and improving the quality and safety of animal feeds, foodstuffs and fuels through innovation, state-of-the-art equipment and highly trained staff.
In short, we are the laboratory for analysis and support for the quality and safety of food for humans and animals, as well as for the quality of biofuels.
Providing fast and reliable results underpinned by quality on all fronts is of central importance to us. Each customer must always be provided with the best analytical results and shortest lead times. We achieve this in part by continuously expanding our package of analyses with innovative, high-quality solutions. In this way, we aim to be the first choice for our customers.
Why choose us?
We are ISO17025 certified and accredited or approved by the following national and international organisations:
- QS, animal feeds
- QS, fruit and vegetables


1 [kount]
verb (used with object)
to reckon up; calculate; compute.
to include in a reckoning; take into account: There are five of us here, counting me.
to reckon to the credit of another; ascribe; impute.
verb (used without object)
to reckon numerically.
to have a specified numerical value.
to have merit, importance, value, etc.; deserve consideration: Every bit of help counts.
to have worth; amount (usually followed by for ): Intelligence counts for something.
the act of counting; enumeration; reckoning; calculation: A count of hands showed 23 in favor and 16 opposed.
an accounting.
Archaic. regard; notice.
Verb phrases
count on/upon, to depend or rely on: You can always count on him to lend you money.
count out,
count coup. coup1 ( def 4 ).
half-counted, adjective
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To half-counted
World English Dictionary
count1 (kaʊnt)
vb (often foll by in) (often foll by for)
2. (tr) to recite numbers in ascending order up to and including
3. to take into account or include: we must count him in
4. not counting excluding
5. (tr) to believe to be; consider; think; deem: count yourself lucky
6. (intr) to recite or list numbers in ascending order either in units or groups: to count in tens
7. (intr) to have value, importance, or influence: this picture counts as a rarity
8. to have a certain specified value or importance: the job counts for a lot
9. (intr) music to keep time by counting beats
10. the act of counting or reckoning
11. the number reached by counting; sum
12. law a paragraph in an indictment containing a distinct and separate charge
13. physics the total number of photons or ionized particles detected by a counter
14. keep count to keep a record of items, events, etc
15. lose count to fail to keep an accurate record of items, events, etc
16. boxing, wrestling the act of telling off a number of seconds by the referee, as when a boxer has been knocked down or a wrestler pinned by his opponent
17. boxing out for the count knocked out and unable to continue after a count of ten by the referee
18. boxing take the count to be unable to continue after a count of ten
19. archaic notice; regard; account
[C14: from Anglo-French counter, from Old French conter, from Latin computāre to calculate, compute]
count2 (kaʊnt)
1. a nobleman in any of various European countries having a rank corresponding to that of a British earl
2. any of various officials in the late Roman Empire and under various Germanic kings in the early Middle Ages
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
mid-14c., from O.Fr. conter "add up," but also "tell a story," from L. computare (see compute).
"title of nobility," mid-13c., from O.Fr. conte, from L. comitem (nom. comes) "companion, attendant," the Roman term for a provincial governor, from com- "with" + ire "go." The Anglo-Norm. term was used to render O.E. eorl, but the word was never truly naturalized and was mainly used with reference to
foreign titles.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
American Heritage
Medical Dictionary
count (kount)
v. count·ed, count·ing, counts
 1. The act of counting or calculating.
 2. The totality of specific items in a particular sample.
The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Cite This Source
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We present here the construction and application of a compact benchtop time-resolved Kerr magnetometer to measure the magnetization precession in magnetic thin films and lithographically patterned elements. As opposed to very expensive femtosecond lasers this system is built upon a picosecond pulsed injection diode laser and electronic pulse and delay generators. The precession is triggered by the electronic pulses of controlled duration and shape, which is launched onto the sample by a microstrip line. We used polarized optical pulses synchronous to the electronic pulses to measure the magneto-optical Kerr rotation. The system is integrated in a conventional upright microscope configuration with separate illumination, imaging, and magneto-optical probe paths. The system offers high stability, relative ease of alignment, sample changing, and a long range of time delay. We demonstrate the measurements of time-resolved dynamics of a Permalloy microwire and microdot using this system, which showed dynamics at two different time scales.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


IT Sourcing: What is it and Why does it matter?
In today's world, fast changing technology and evolving business objectives had made it essential for companies that want to be competitive, to decide what services they can continue supporting internally, and what services to source externally.
All this by defining an IT sourcing strategy that allows them to leverage the benefits of sourcing (either onshore, offshore or nearshore) their processes and activities.
What exactly is a Sourcing in IT?
IT Sourcing is the process of choosing or procuring resources from a 3rd party, outside of the organization. Companies can choose from three available options to source: onshore (within their own country), nearshore (to a neighboring country or one in the same time zone), or offshore (to a distant country).
Why Should Companies define a Sourcing Strategy?
While traditionally sourcing was seen as a way to reduce costs, companies see it now more like an investment designed to enhance capabilities, increase agility and profitability, or gain them a competitive advantage.
Some of the other benefits are:
 - lower costs
 - increased efficiency
 - variable capacity and scalability
 - increased focus on strategy/core competencies
 - access to scarce skills or resources
 - increased flexibility to meet changing business and commercial conditions
 - lower ongoing investment in internal infrastructure
 - access to innovation, intellectual property, and thought leadership
Although in the past, seen only as a way to reduce cost, IT sourcing has become a tool for every business in the ongoing quest for talent and the business dynamics for specific skills, for differentiation and innovation.
Companies need to be clear on their goals and business needs for sourcing, and analyze the pros and cons for onshore, offshore and nearshore outsourcing, in terms of cost, maturity and required skills.
IT convergence can help you define an IT Sourcing Strategy, for more information on our services contact us here.


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This scheme for hydro-electric power generation is centred around Loch Earn, Loch Lyon and Loch Tay, approximately 14 miles (22 km) north northwest of Callander. The area is well suited to hydro-electric power generation, with significant rainfall on high peaks which flows down into deep valleys. The scheme includes seven power stations and was built by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board under the chairmanship of Tom Johnston (1881 - 1965). Although the first section came on-stream in 1956, it was not fully operational until 1961.
Behind Ben Lawers a system of tunnels and aqueducts collects water and diverts it into Lochan-na-Lairige behind a massive buttress-type dam, 344m (1128 feet) long and 42m (138 feet) high. Water descends a vertical distance of 415m (1361 feet; the greatest drop of any Scottish hydro-electric scheme) to Finlarig power station on the shores of Loch Tay.
To the west, the Killin section includes three power stations at Lubreoch, Lochay and Cashlie and involves a main storage reservoir at Loch Lyon retained by another massive buttress dam, 530m (1738 feet) long and 39m (128 feet) high. Water is diverted into Loch Lyon from the Rivers Lochay and Dochart to the south. This section includes fish ladders and lifts to convey salmon to their spawning areas.
Between Loch Tay and Loch Earn is the St. Fillans section, which involves dams at Loch Breaclaich and the man-made Loch Lednock. The latter is a rare British example of a dam designed to cope with earthquake hazards, which are occasionally caused by movement on the nearby Highland Boundary Fault. Water passes through the small Lednock power station on it way into the Loch Lednock Reservoir and then flows down to the 21 MW power station buried in a hillside at St. Fillans. A weir below Loch Earn diverts water into the small Dalchonzie Power Station.
The stations forming this scheme generate a total of 120 MW of power and are run by the privatised Scottish & Southern Energy Plc (previously Scottish Hydro-Electric), headquartered in Perth, which has an annual turnover of £2.3 billion.


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When Rhythm Flows
The literal translation of MUSICANVAS is "the canvas of music".
In this era where everyone purses individuality, there is a unique story behind each MUSICANVAS product. It is more than an interesting decorative item, a portable radio, or a Bluetooth speaker. As a music work of art with its own story, its changeable appearances and itself interprets the play attitude of young people. The antique-radio appearance and the modern artisan art jointly present the tactile quality of the old objects, and make a different visual impact for people.


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On Error Gosub
The ON ERROR statement has been augmented to support GOSUB in addition to GOTO and SYSTEM. This is a very important feature because it permits multiple nested error processes and ON FKEY GOSUB label-reference. Programmers are no longer limited to the simple RETRY or CONTINUE to return from an interrupt.
- The keyboard buffer is cleared by ON error GOSUB interrupts.
- By default, BR checks for Fkey interrupts every eight statements. Use the BREAK configuration statement to vary this.
- If an ON FKEY GOSUB / GOTO statement catches an interrupt during a SLEEP operation the Sleep is immediately terminated. In the case of GOSUB, a RETURN resumes with the clause following the Sleep.


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Motor cortex (M1) exhibits a rich repertoire of neuronal activities to support the generation of complex movements. Although recent neuronal-network models capture many qualitative aspects of M1 dynamics, they can generate only a few distinct movements. Additionally, it is unclear how M1 efficiently controls movements over a wide range of shapes and speeds. We demonstrate that modulation of neuronal input-output gains in recurrent neuronal-network models with a fixed architecture can dramatically reorganize neuronal activity and thus downstream muscle outputs. Consistent with the observation of diffuse neuromodulatory projections to M1, a relatively small number of modulatory control units provide sufficient flexibility to adjust high-dimensional network activity using a simple reward-based learning rule. Furthermore, it is possible to assemble novel movements from previously learned primitives, and one can separately change movement speed while preserving movement shape. Our results provide a new perspective on the role of modulatory systems in controlling recurrent cortical activity.
Original publication
Journal article
Nat Neurosci
Publication Date
1774 - 1783
Animals, Computer Simulation, Learning, Models, Neurological, Motor Cortex, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Nerve Net, Neurons


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Lift platform - automotive
Short cycle times for the assembly are extremely important in automobile production. In order to design the optimum ergonomics for the worker, the vehicles are transported along the production line on lift tables. Depending on the work operation to be performed, the vehicles are moved to the optimum height in order to ensure as efficient working as possible. Which exact height has been reached is established using draw-wire sensors from Micro-Epsilon. Completely integrated in the lift table, they ensure more reliability and higher productivity.


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Ivanhoe Plantation Gets Help to Improve Wildlife Habitat – Georgia, October 2006
Ivanhoe Plantation is an old rice and timber plantation located in Camden County along the Satilla River, north of Woodbine, the county seat.
Ivanhoe is owned by a group of businessmen from Brunswick and St. Simons Island.
It is utilized mostly as a hunting plantation and nature preserve, with the two primary goals of preserving the plantation and improving the wildlife habitat.
The owners requested assistance from Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to improve wildlife habitat, both on the uplands and in the wetland fields where rice was once grown, while producing income from the timberland on the property in a sustainable manner.
Beginning in 1999, NRCS worked with the owners to develop a wildlife management plan that would allow them to cut enough timber to finance the needed improvements to their plantation and to enhance the existing wildlife habitat.
EQIP funds from the Coastal Priority Area were used to replant cut-over areas in longleaf pine, establish wildlife food plots, conduct prescribed burning in older planted pine stands, maintain riparian buffers along the Satilla River, and preserve stands of mast producing hardwoods.
The EQIP contract is almost complete, with only some prescribed burning remaining.
In January of 2004, the young longleaf pines were burned for the second time in order to release them from competition, largely from volunteer slash pine that had come up in the old field.
In the fall of 2002, the Brunswick NRCS office began working with the owners to update the wildlife management plan for Ivanhoe Plantation and incorporate some of the old rice fields into the plan.
Funds were approved in 2003 for wetland enhancement through the Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP).
The diversity of vegetation on 150 acres of managed, diked wetland will be improved to benefit migratory waterfowl, shore and wading birds, including Woodstorks, an endangered species.
Biologists from NRCS, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources Division, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and Ducks Unlimited as well as private consultants specializing in vegetative management, assisted in developing the wetland enhancement plans.
Future proposed enhancements include improving water circulation and management within the rice fields.
Bill Kirby, one of the Ivanhoe owners, recently expressed how NRCS staff has assisted in achieving conservation and management objectives on the property: "Without the assistance from NRCS, all we could have done was cut and replanted our timber. What happened, and what we have today, would not have happened.
There would be no food plots, no longleaf pine planted, and no natural wildlife corridors.
The NRCS staff taught us what best management practices are and how to use them. In addition, their assistance was invaluable in translating what the contractors that we hired to work on our land were saying."
The owners look forward to the next phase of enhancing their wetlands and to a long and productive relationship with NRCS as they continue to practice sustainable forestry and wildlife management on their property.


DENAS/DiaDENS is a revolutionary therapy device that achieves extraordinary results. DENAS is an acronym for Dynamic Electro Neuro Adaptive Stimulator. The main principle of action: The device recover lost connections between the central nervous system and internal organs, launching the process of self-recovery in the human body: the device makes the host defenses of the organism more active, thus the body treats itself under the influence of the device.
Denas therapy combines the old experiences of Eastern Bio-Energy Medicine with technological advances of the XXI century. Denas therapy is a type of electro-reflex therapy with a computer modulated BIOFEEDBACK reflex system.
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This interesting paper shows that risk-adjusted Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) produce more outliers by surgeon than Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs). Presumably the distribution of PROMs was more skewed than the distribution of SMRs. However, surgeons accounted for only a small proportion of all unexplained variance in the distribution of PROMs, so little could be achieved by weeding out a few individual surgeons. In addition, risk adjustment can under-adjust so that a true positive becomes a false negative. For example, controlling for hospital type could obscure poor performance in types of hospital that attract poorly performing surgeons. A better way to scrutinise surgical performance might be to analyse surgical skill by observing recordings of operations and analysing them by experts or automated systems. These results could be correlated with PROMs to identify truly excellent surgeons who could give proctorship to those whose processes and outcomes were less good. We think the future of quality monitoring lies in triangulating 'performance data' and using it in local improvement programmes. — Richard Lilford, CLAHRC WM Director References:
- Varagunam, M; Hutchings, A, Black, N. Do patient-reported outcomes offer a more sensitive method for comparing the outcomes of consultants than mortality? A multilevel analysis of routine data. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015; 24(3): 195-202.
- Hampton T. Efforts seek to develop systematic ways to objectively assess surgeons' skills. JAMA. 2015; 313(8): 782-4.
- Department of Health. Guidance on the routine collection of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). London: Department of Health. 2009. [Online].
- Lilford R, & Rosser D. What's Up Doc? Health Serv J. 2013; 123:19-21.


CP World
Wednesday, Nov 26, 2014
'Christian' Nations Dominate World's Best Religious Freedom Spots
July 10, 2007|8:39 am
WASHINGTON – Countries with Christian backgrounds have the best religious freedom record, according to the initial findings of an extensive report on the status of religious freedom in the world on Monday.
A glimpse into the findings of Religious Freedom in the World 2007, the upcoming book to be released next year, showed that countries with a Christian background were ranked highest for level of religious freedom observed in the country. The four countries given the highest religious freedom rating of one are Hungary, Ireland, Estonia, and the United States.
On the other hand, countries run by atheist government such as communist China, Vietnam, and North Korea were ranked in the bottom two tiers (ratings of six and seven).
Officially atheist countries were joined at the bottom of the religious freedom pole by countries with Islam background such as Pakistan, Palestinian areas, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Turkmenistan.
"In general, either extreme religious or extreme secular state together comprise most of the world's religiously restricted parties," commented Paul Marshall, general editor of Religious Freedom in the World 2007, during a press conference Monday.
Marshall is the senior fellow at the Hudson Institute's Center for Religious Freedom. He is also the author of over 20 books on religion and politics, especially religious freedom.
"In the Muslim majority world, one faces continuing problems in religious freedom," Marshall noted. However, he pointed out that "one needs to be careful not to overdo this."
The survey analyzing over 100 countries and territories found anomalies in the correlation between religious freedom and a country's religious background.
For example, the African nations of Mali and Senegal – both having an Islamic background – ranked higher in terms of religious freedom than countries with Christian background such as Germany, France, Greece, Kenya, and the Philippines.
Yet Mali and Senegal were the rare exceptions; almost all the countries listed in the top three tiers for religious freedom were Christian nations and the countries with the worst religious freedom were Muslim-dominated countries or Buddhist-dominated ones headed by secular governments.
In addition, the survey also details strong linkage between levels of religious freedom and degree of economic freedom and enterprise.
Survey findings discovered a correlation between a country's low religious freedom status and low economic freedom. In other words, a country with religious freedom violation tended to also have restricted economic freedom.
Other findings in the survey include: violations of religious freedom worldwide are massive, widespread, and, in many parts of the world, intensifying; radical Islam is the largest growing threat to religious freedom; and events in the past year in Iraq caused the country to rank among those with the worst religious freedom records for the first time since the era of Saddam Hussein.
Nina Shea, the director of the Center for Religious Freedom and a commissioner on the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, believes using political leverage to press a country to honor the basic right of religious freedom is more effective than inter-religious dialogue.
Shea explained to The Christian Post that many times religious dialogue occurs with the wrong people who have no control over sectarian violence. Moreover, the government of religious freedom violating states often feign to be interested in negotiating to "buy time" to consolidate its power rather than having genuine interest to change, Shea pointed out.
The Hudson Institute's The Center for Religious Freedom is the sponsor of the upcoming book Religious Freedom in the World 2007 to be release next year. Seventy-nine religious freedom experts and scholars contributed to the compilation of essays and analyses of 102 countries and territories.
Additional comments during the presentation of the survey's initial findings were provided by Brian Grim, senior research fellow in Religion and World Affairs at the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life; Theodore Malloch, founder and chairman of Spiritual Enterprise Institute; Zainab Al-Suwaij, co-founder and executive director of the American Islamic Congress; and Richard Land, president of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission.
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Licorice refers to the roots and rhizome of a variety of plants belonging to the species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. of the family Fabaceae. This is a European species and possesses a sweet yellow wood. There are also Asian species of the plant like Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and others. In the commercially available licorice in the US markets all these species are included since a significant part of licorice is imported from China and other Asian countries.
The herb has expectorant and demulcent properties and has been used traditionally in the treatment of common colds and coughs. The medication is commonly called licorice root or glycyrrhiza and has also been in use as a flavoring agent. Licorice has been popular for long, in many parts of the world, not just in Europe but in China and Russia as well. The traditional Chinese healers have known its herbal properties for ages and it is familiar as gan cao in Chinese. The species of licorice found in China and Russia is the G.uralensis and the scientific name refers to its sweet taste.
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However, licorice roots and licorice candy, especially those available in the US, has nothing or very little to do with each other. These two are entirely different products but unfortunately there is a strong misconception regarding the two products among people. Licorice candy gets its flavor from anise oil and contains very little or no licorice whatsoever. Anise oil has a flavor that is strikingly similar to that of licorice and because of this it is often confused with licorice, but the resemblance ends there. The properties are very different and where licorice roots are potentially toxic the other is quite common and harmless.
Nonetheless, recently a case of licorice overdose was reported in the US and on further investigation it was found that the culprit was the popular candy Twizzlers. It appears that the black variety of the candy contains some licorice. Licorice is also found in candies imported from Europe, where they don't use anise or other flavoring agents.
Authentic licorice candy is very popular in Britain and in most parts of Europe, but not so much in America. Most of the licorice that reaches the United States is used to flavor tobacco products like cigarettes, pipe tobaccos, cigars and so on. It is estimated that 90 percent of the millions of pounds of licorice that is imported to the United States annually is used for this purpose. The perceptible sweetness and pleasant flavor that many commercial tobacco blends have is due to the presence of licorice. The amounts of licorice used to get the required flavor and sweetness is a trade secret and is never revealed by the tobacco companies. Another use for licorice is as an ingredient in throat lozenges and various other pharmaceutical products.
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Licorice gets its sweetness from glycyrrhizin, which is a saponin glycoside present in the roots. On an average 5 to 9 percent of the roots are made up of glycyrrhizin, which is fifty times sweeter than sugar. It is otherwise known as glycyrrhizic acid and is commercially available in a form known as ammoniated glycyrrhizin. The structure and physiological effects of glycyrrhizin are related to aldosterone or desoxycoticosterone. This is possibly why a condition which medical literature terms as pseudoaldostronosm is brought about in licorice by glycyrrhizin. This condition is similar to the one brought about by excessive secretion of aldosterone which is an adrenal cortex hormone. Excessive quantities of this in the human body can be disastrous. It can lead to high blood pressure and in some cases even heart failure and cardiac arrest. Other symptoms like headache, lethargy, sodium and water retention and excessive excretion of potassium are also seen.
High rate of consumption of licorice especially by people suffering from high blood pressure or heart trouble could have serious consequences. With increased consumption, its toxic effects are apparent within a matter of days or a single week. There is for instance one popular herbal cough remedy available in the market which if over used could be really bad. It contains 1 ounce of licorice root per quart of water and the directions suggest one half pint at bedtime. Also suggested are additional quantities as and when needed. This means that the daily amount might be doubled or even tripled depending on the person and the frequency of use. With each half pint easily containing 0.5 gram of glycyrrhizin, the amount of glycyrrhizin in the body could easily reach toxic proportions.
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Off late, deglycyrrhizinated licorice products have started to make their appearance in the American market as the toxicity associated with glycyrrhizin is quite well documented. These deglycyrrhizinated licorice products may have some residual activity, but with the principal constituent being removed, it will surely be less harmful. While its flavor might please a lot of people and it might be useful to a certain extend in the treatment of coughs, colds and certain other ailments, its potency and toxicity will always be a matter of concern. Its use in large doses and for an extended period of time is certainly not advisable.
Its affinity for the endocrine system makes licorice a most remarkable herb, which when used judiciously can be very helpful in treating many human ailments. Licorice has an anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antiarthritic effect similar to that of cortisone but without its side effects. This is because of glycyrrhizin which has a structure similar to hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Its antiallergic effect makes it very useful in treating allergic rhinitis, hay fever, conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. Licorice has mild estrogenic properties and can be very helpful during menopause. It gets these properties from the steroid like compounds present in it which can change to estrogen precursors like estradiol and estrone. Licorice can act as a mild laxative and can also relieve indigestion and heartburn by lowering stomach acid levels.
The herb is popularly used to ease irritation and for inflammation and spasm in the digestive tract. Licorice is reputed to heal ulcers. The herb acts on the liver and helps increase bile flow and it also helps lower cholesterol levels. Licorice helps the body to built up resistance to stress by acting on the adrenal glands. It has a soothing and healing effect on the respiratory system and helps to ease irritation and inflammation. Because of its expectorant properties it is used in treating colds, coughs, asthma and chest infections. Like aspirin, licorice is useful in relieving headaches and fevers. The herb is handy for people coming off orthodox steroid medications as it has the effect of revitalizing or energizing the body. Anti-allergenic effect of licorice is very useful for hay fever, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. Licorice is quite useful in bringing back the liveliness when one is feeling tired or fatigue especially after surgery or during convalescence. It is a good stress relieverboth physical and emotional.
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Documentary and other scientific evidence suggest that licorice was known and was put to a variety of uses for many centuries, generally as medicine and as a flavoring agent of food and other medicinal herbs. From ancient literature, primarily those of Hippocrates and Pliny the elder, the herb's use as medicine is evident. The use of the dried roots and rhizomes of the plant as a digestive aid and for coughs and colds is clearly described. Further more, a piece of licorice dating back to the eighth century was recently discoveredit still contained active principles of the herb.
One can find licorice mentioned in ancient Chinese texts as well. A wonderful summarization of the uses of licorice found in an ancient Chinese text says that it will "improve the tone of the'middle Jiao' [digestive system] and replenish qi, to remove 'heat' and toxic substance, to moisturize the lungs and arrest coughing, and to relieve spasms and pain." Modern day uses for licorice remain more or less the same, although the terminology used might be different. Chinese researchers also agree with their ancient counterparts and vouch for the herbs effectiveness against cough and in treating sore throat. In Europe, medical practitioners use the herb to treat coughs, colds and other respiratory infections. They say glycyrrhizinic acid present in licorice stops the growth of many bacteria and of viruses like influenza A. It is also thought to stimulate the production of interferon.
Licorice is said to be extremely useful in the treatment of stomach ulcers. Stomach ulcers heal quickly when there are high levels of prostaglandins in the stomach and the upper intestine. Licorice helps in bringing about higher levels of prostaglandins in the stomach and the upper intestine. This happens because licorice prevents the secretion of gastric acid and reduces the activity of pepsin. This in turn curbs the enzymes that dismantle prostaglandins. Studies done on rats


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In the face of the coronavirus pandemic, the sudden spike in demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) has significantly pressured manufacturers to accelerate their production. Despite leading manufacturers and even companies traditionally unrelated to the industry ramping up PPE production, there remains a global unmet demand. The dire consequences of PPE shortage are acutely apparent for healthcare workers, as evidenced by the elevated risk of infection and associated mortality. Based on current trends and forecasts, this trend is expected to continue.
In the first half of 2020, hospitals have been ordering PPE at an unprecedented rate. GlobalData's analysis of hospital purchasing data in the US alone indicates an impressive 94 million 3M respirators purchased during Q1 2020. It was also apparent however that not all hospitals had been increasing their purchases of PPE equally, particularly for N95 respirators. By segmenting the hospitals based on their bed sizes (<200, 201–400, 401–600, and 601–1,000), there was a clear disproportionate increase in N95 respirator purchases by 401–600-bed hospitals versus the others between Q1 2020 and Q1 2019. This indicates a current hoarding behaviour by these hospitals, which will come at a cost for healthcare workers in hospitals of other sizes as they have relatively less PPE in supply. Importantly, even an increase in PPE stocks for these hospitals is likely not enough for the next several months, which is why manufacturers like 3M are now aiming to produce 100 million N95 respirators per month.
The prolonged shortage of PPE for healthcare workers has been caused by several factors. Firstly, some manufacturers are increasingly facing a critical shortage of raw materials to produce PPE, such as filters for N95 respirators and polypropylene for isolation gowns. Secondly, even after successful production, strict quality control measures can and have barred the selling of millions of suboptimal units. Thirdly, some governments have banned the export of domestically manufactured PPE as a measure of providing for their own citizens first.
In addition to increased production, healthcare workers have increasingly adopted alternative approaches to treating patients in an effort to further protect themselves and to conserve their scarce PPE. These include practising telemedicine over personal interactions, setting up physical barriers like acrylic sneeze guards, and minimising the exposure of healthcare workers caring for Covid-19 patients to other hospital staff and patients.
Based on recent trends and demand forecasts, GlobalData expects the PPE market to continuously grow, leaving manufacturers struggling to meet the total demand for the foreseeable future. Healthcare workers continuing to conduct best practices to protect themselves and to conserve PPE will also have a significant role in minimising supply shortages.


Rising Divorce Rate in Korea
Rising Divorce Rate in Korea
Rising Divorce rate in Korea
Name: Seoh, Julia
Class: #11
Due date: Jan. 18, 2011
Teacher: Daryl Bergman
Rising Divorce rate in Korea
Ⅰ. Introduction
Thesis statement: There are several main causes that many married couples get divorced in Korea; a lack of communication, differences in values, and abuses.
Ⅱ. Body
1. Causes
A. Changed women's role
* Increase the women who get a job
- Destruction of patriarchal system
B. Stress in modern living
* Economical problem
* personality
* abuse
C. lack of communication
* individualism
* weak family bond
Ⅲ. Transition paragraph
Also, these three causes of divorce have an influence on divorced people, children, and even in whole society. (Using news articles)
1. Effects
A. Positive effect
* Establish their independence again
* Retrieve better quality of life
* Recovery of personal relations
* Reduce of economical burden
B. negative effect
* Violence, (using statistics), lack of socialization
* Poor educational achievement : low grade and adaptability, dropouts,
* Mental problem: psychological, behavioral problems
* It caused lack of love from parents and families
Ⅳ. Conclusion
To sum up, divorce has become a sort of an epidemic in today's society and poses a big threat to it. Rising divorce rate is a serious problem in Korea in recent days. The cause and effect of divorce can go to such an extent that it might leave a permanent scar on the mind of the children which might last forever, forcing the child to indulge in violent crimes. Researchers have shown that children from divorced families mostly resort to robbery, and drug abuse.
The first cause is that changing women's role in the present society. Differently with former days, now, the women can get a more opportunity to get a job
Rising Divorce rate in Korea
Nowadays, According to...
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Demand to attend a tribunal in New York on the Irish Famine was so great that the event has had to be postponed until April 2013. It was originally scheduled for October.
The Irish Famine tribunal was set up by Irish and American scholars to examine British responsibility for the catastrophic events,
However demand was so great for places that it has now had to be postponed.
The new details will be posted on irishfaminetribunal.com before the event takes place over a weekend in April.
Organizers insist it will not just be a Brit bashing episode but a serious look at the causes of the Famine
"Nobody is going to walk into an Irish-American Britbashing exercise," Niall MacGiollabhuí, a Dublin-born, New York attorney and a member of the organising committee told the Irish Sunday Times. "The arguments are finely balanced and it will be difficult to come to a conclusion on it.
"The population of Ireland fell from 8m to 4m through death and emigration caused by the Famine. The event also changed the face of the east coast of America with the huge migration trends it triggered, including the Presbyterian emigrants to the Appalachian mountains."
The purpose of the tribunal is to "examine the responsibility of the British government, under international law, for the tragic consequences of this period". In particular, the tribunal will consider whether the Famine amounted to genocide or a crime against humanity.
The organizers are also planning to make a television documentary.


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Christopher Henry Dawson (12 October 1889, Hay Castle – 25 May 1970, Budleigh Salterton) was a British independent scholar, who wrote many books on cultural history and Christendom. Christopher H. Dawson has been called "the greatest English-speaking Catholic historian of the twentieth century". The 1988–1989 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour.
The only son of Lt-Colonel H.P. Dawson and Mary Louisa, eldest daughter of Archdeacon Bevan, Hay Castle, Dawson was brought up at Hartlington Hall, Yorkshire. He was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Oxford. He obtained 2nd class honours in Modern History at Oxford in 1911. After his degree he studied economics. He also read the work of the German theologian Ernst Troeltsch. His background was Anglo-Catholic but he became a Roman Catholic convert in 1914. In 1916, Dawson married Valery Mills, youngest daughter of Walter Mills. There were two daughters and one son.
He began publishing articles in The Sociological Review, in 1920. His starting point was close to that of Oswald Spengler and Arnold J. Toynbee, others who were also interested in grand narratives conducted at the level of a civilization. His first book, The Age of the Gods (1928), was apparently intended as the first of a set of five tracing European civilization down to the twentieth century; but this schematic plan was not followed to a conclusion.
His general point of view is as a proponent of an 'Old West' theory, the later term of David Gress, who cites Dawson in his From Plato to Nato (1998). That is, Dawson rejected the blanket assumption that the Middle Ages in Europe failed to contribute any essential characteristics. He argued that the medieval Catholic Church was an essential factor in the rise of European civilization, and wrote extensively in support of that thesis.
Dawson was considered a leading Catholic historian. He was a Lecturer in the History of Culture, University College, Exeter (1930-6), Forwood Lecturer in the Philosophy of Religion, University of Liverpool (1934), Gifford Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh (1947 and 1948), and Professor of Roman Catholic Studies, Harvard University (1958–62). He was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy in 1943.
His writings in the 1920s and 1930s made him a significant figure of the time, and an influence in particular on T. S. Eliot, who wrote of his importance. He was on the fringe of 'The Moot', a discussion group involving Eliot, John Baillie, Karl Mannheim, Walter Moberly, Michael Polanyi, Marjorie Reeves, Bernard Lonergan and Alec Vidler; and also the Sword of the Spirit ecumenical group. According to Bradely Birzer, Dawson also influenced the theological underpinnings of J. R. R. Tolkien's writings. Russell Kirk was another who greatly admired Dawson, although the two men never met. The topical approach outlined by Dawson for the study of Christian culture forms the core of the Catholic Studies program at Aquinas College (Michigan).
As a revivalist of the Christian historian, Christopher Dawson has been compared with Kenneth Scott Latourette and Herbert Butterfield. Comparisons have also been made between the work of Dawson and German sociologist and historian Max Weber. Both employ a metahistorical approach to their subjects, and their subjects themselves bear similarities; namely, the influence of religion on aspects of western culture.
- The Age of Gods (1928). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2012)
- Progress and Religion: An Historical Inquiry (1929). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2001)
- Christianity and the New Age (1931)
- The Making of Europe: An Introduction to the History of European Unity (1932). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2003)
- The Spirit of the Oxford Movement (1933)
- Enquiries into religion and culture (1933). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2009)
- Medieval Religion and Other Essays (1934)
- Religion and the Modern State (1936)
- Beyond Politics (1939)
- The Judgment of the Nations (1942). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2011)
- Gifford Lectures 1947–49
- Understanding Europe (1952). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2009)
- Medieval Essays (1954). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2002)
- Dynamics of World History (1957) edited by John J. Mulloy, with others. Reissued by the Intercollegiate Studies Institute (2002).
- The Movement of World Revolution (1959)
- Progress and Religion: An Historical Enquiry (1960) with others Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2001)
- The Historic Reality of Christian Culture (1960)
- The Crisis of Western Education: With Specific Programs for the Study of Christian Culture (1961). Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (2010)
- The Dividing of Christendom (1965)
- Mission to Asia (1966) [Originally published: The Mongol mission (1955)]
- The Formation of Christendom (1967)
- The Gods of Revolution (1972)
- Religion and World History (1975)
- Christianity and European Culture: Selections from the Work of Christopher Dawson edited by Gerald J. Russello Reissued by the Catholic University of America Press (1998)
- "The Significance of Bolshevism," The American Review, April 1933.
- "The Claims of Politics," Scrutiny, September 1939.
- "Catholicism and the Bourgeois Mind," Crisis Magazine, December 27, 2011.
- Duque, Araceli. "The Vision of Christopher Dawson", Catholic Education Resource Center, July 2004.
- Oxford University Calendar 1913, p. 192.
- Who Was Who, 1961-70, London : A. & C. Black, 1972, p.287.
- Reeves, Marjorie (editor). Christian Thinking and Social Order: Conviction Politics from the 1930s to the Present Day, p. 25, Cassell, 1999.
- Birzer, Bradley J.Tolkien's Sanctifying Myth, p. 136, ISI Books, 2003.
- Speck, W. A. "Herbert Butterfield: The Legacy of a Christian Historian." In A Christian View of History?, George Marsden, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975, p.100.
- Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the "Spirit" of Capitalism, and Other Writings. Penguin Books, 2002, p. xx.
- Hittinger, Russell. "The Failure of Liberal Humanism," Modern Age, June 1989.
- Royal, Robert. "Dawson's History: Resurrecting the Work of Christopher Dawson," The Weekly Standard, Vol. VIII, N°. 26, March 17, 2003.
- Stork, Thomas. "Catholics and the Bourgeois Mind," The Distributist Review, December 31, 2012.
- Birzer, Brad. Sanctifying the World: The Augustinian Life and Mind of Christopher Dawson, Christendom Press, 2007.
- Birzer, Brad. "Christopher Dawson on Liberalism," Part II, Part III, The Imaginative Conservative, June 2012.
- Birzer, Brad. "The Liberal Arts: Dawson's Prerequisite for the Reconstruction of Christendom," Crisis Magazine, October 11, 2012.
- Bliese, John R. E. "Christopher Dawson," Modern Age, Summer 1979.
- Caldecott, Stratford and Morril, John. Eternity in Time: Christopher Dawson and the Catholic Idea of History, T. & T. Clark, 1997.
- Fitzgibbon, George F. "The Cyclical Theory of Christopher Dawson," The American Catholic Sociological Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, Mar., 1941.
- Hart, Jeffrey. "Christopher Dawson and the History We Are Not Told," Modern Age, September 1997.
- Hittinger, Russell. "Christopher Dawson on Technology and the Demise of Liberalism," CERC, 1993.
- Kirk, Russell. "The High Achievement of Christopher Dawson," The University Bookman, Volume 47, Number 1, Winter 2010.
- Marshall, Caroline T. "Modern Pioneers: Christopher Dawson, Champion of Christian Culture," Christianity Today, January 10, 2001.
- Olsen, Glenn W. "Why We Need Christopher Dawson," Communio, Vol. 35, Spring 2008.
- Olsen, Glenn W. "Christopher Dawson and the Renewal of Catholic Education," Logos, Volume 13, Number 3, Summer 2010.
- Parkes, H. B. "Christopher Dawson," Scrutiny, March 1937.
- Quinn, Dermot. "Christopher Dawson: Historian and Prophet of Our Time," Humanitas, [n.d].
- Quinn, Dermot. "Dawson's Creed," The American Conservative, February 1, 2010.
- Russello, Gerald