text:
Hey Today I am wearing my 7th tray and idk why until now I can't pronounce the S correctly. at the beginning it was only when I am wearing them but now also without them I can't pronounce it correctly. The doctor said it's normal because my teeth are moving and I will get used to it but how long may it take? because I really have a very important event after 2 month and I have to say a speech and I am afraid of that. please help me and give me your experience with normal braces or Invisalign
Can't Pronounce S with Invisalign?
Doctor Answers 2
Invisalign and speech problems
The more you speak with it the fester you will get used to them. Try reading out load with them at home. Unfortunately there is no rule how fast you can get used to things it varies for everyone.
4 Considerations with "S" Sounds During Active Invisalign Treatment.
- First, it is not uncommon for your speech to be affected during active Invisalign treatment, especially with the aligner trays in your mouth.
- Second, the most common complaint is exactly what you are experiencing with words that begin with the letter "S." This is because as the teeth move and various interocclusal space forms, air passes more easily with the tongue position necessary for a "S" sound, which usually results in hissing.
- Third, this can improve as the tongue adjusts and teeth move into alignment.
- Finally, you should always make your dentist aware so that he can track your progress to be sure that your Invisalign case is "on course."


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La Dance MacabreHolbein
Skeletons love dancing.
There are two types of skeletons. The first is the useless pile of bones that make up a vertebrate. The second is the more useful animated skeleton which are commonly found in computer games which are the weakest monster that have other types based off them.
Skeletons having sex.
Skeletons in the Halloween.
edit Do skeletons actually exist?
The simple answer to this question is no, scientists have been researching for hundreds of years into the existence of the 'Skeletal system' and have recently discovered that it is a hoax. The scientist Paul Chuckle that said he had originally discovered the skeletal structure was a raging drunked homosexual who made it up one night in the pub to impress a local queer. 'Real' scientists have actually discovered that the human body is made up of genetically modified vegetables that float around in nineteen pints of gravy.
edit Physical attributes
Skeletons can have almost any number of hit points, from 1 to several thousand, depending on what game you're playing. Their damage is usually between 0.1 and 0.5 times their hit points, but this can also change in different games. Skeletons are also known for being undead, which means certain weapons and spells have different effects on them. In general, though, the basic skeleton is pretty easy to kill, although there are tougher versions, often recognizable by either wielding overlarge weapons, being a different color or having their bones on fire. Skeletons usually drop weapons, gold pieces or ammunition clips when killed. The two most dangerous kind of skeleton would be the Warcraft variety or the Dungeon Keeper variety.
Skeleton AI is also pretty bad. Because of their weakness, they tend to swarm players in large groups, with little respect for their own safety. They are, however, faster than many monsters, and for weak players are best dealt with at long range (longbows, grenades, fireballs and plasma cannons, depending on your game, all do fairly well). PSSome Skeletons may actually be dead, making them much harder to kill.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mortis
Order Primates
Family Automata
Genus Homo
Species Os
Binomial Name Homo Os
Primary Armament varies, though scimitars are popular
Secondary Armament Typically none. Some have shields though
HP: Between 1 to 5000
Mana Points: Little ot none
Strength: Weak
Intelligence: AI very low
Weight Typically below 30kg
Length Typically up to 2 metres
Special Attack None
Conservation Status None
edit Habitat
The natural habitat of skeletons is in tombs, mausoleums, crypts and pyramids, although they can also be found in caves and occasionally out in the open (but only when it's either dark or foggy). Beware; they often inhabit the same kind of areas as grues, which are much faster and more deadly.
edit Types of Skeleton
Skeletons can also be found in old people's homes and retirement facilities. These are different type of skeleton, these skeletons actually eat, and sleep and drink like normal human beings. These skeletons are no work of witchcraft or are they the work of Harry Potter, they are created through age. Any person over the age of fifty-nine automatically becomes one of these skeletons; they are often referred too as 'old people', 'coffin dodgers' or 'the walking dead'. You can recognise one of these 'old people' by the stench of stale piss that follows them around, and by the bland clothing that they insist on wearing.
edit Use
Skeletons are cheap. They are so cheap that they can be used to fill out an army. Typically they are in the ranks of evil, I don't know why, they just are. They are also in the service of necromancers, who need a cost effective soldier.
Because they are already dead they are annoying in battle, continuing to fight even when their heads are chopped off. The closest living equivalent is the Black Knight, although he would die when his head is chopped off.
Pudgy Hippies can be used to distract skeletons.
edit What to do if you see them
There are a couple of ways to deal with a skeleton, fight or run.
Remember that you should only fight a skeleton if you know you can win.
Skeletons are more dangerous as their numbers increase, so you should only consider fighting them if you have the right equipment.
If you decide to run, it is probably best that you knock its head off. That way you will buy yourself a few minutes while it looks for its head.
Let your dog off the lead.
Ask if it is a member of the Skull and Bones.
Have some common sense and call the police.
Ask if it has a boner and run while the skeleton is looking down.
edit Ones to watch out for
The Warcraft variety commonly carry ranged weapons and can kill from afar.
If you see a DK variety then look for the 'flower thingy'. If there is any number apart from a 2 then it is probably best to run like hell because they don't stop for anything.
The Final Fantasy variety of skeleton can be destroyed by throwing any common house hold medicine at it.
edit Weaknesses of Skeletons
 - Some breeds, like the Zelda variety are weak to light although the Ikana subspecie is also weak to rank, so if you can pull any rank on them they will willingly bugger off. The larger ones like to race.
 - If you are a magician and are facing the Warcraft variety then dispelling them is the easiest way to go.
 - Ones that live near grues don't need dealing with because they are never there.
 - In battle, look out for a necromancer. The easiest way to deal with battle skeletons is to kill that guy.
 - Note this does not work with the Warcraft variety.
edit See Also
Personal tools


text:
A. J. Eggers, Jr.
It is demonstrated with the aid of similitude arguments that a model launched from a hypervelocity gun upstream through a special supersonic nozzle should experience aerodynamic heating and resulting thermal stresses like those encountered by a long-range ballistic missile entering the earth's atmosphere. This demonstration hinges on the requirements that model and missile be geometrically similar and made of the same material, and that they have the same flight speed and Reynolds number (based on conditions just outside the boundary layer) at corresponding points in their trajectories. The hypervelocity gun provides the model with the required initial speed, while the nozzle scales the atmosphere, in terms of density variation, to provide the model with speeds and Reynolds numbers over its entire trajectory. Since both the motion and aerodynamic heating of a missile tend to be simulated in the model tests, this combination of hypervelocity gun and supersonic nozzle is termed an atmosphere entry simulator.
An Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Fiber Arts Exhibit at Sacred Heart University is Sure to Pleasecomments (2) May 12th, 2008
"The history of fiber can be traced to the beginnings of civilization. With uses dating from the Stone Age, approximately 2.5 million years ago, such natural fibers as flax, cotton, wool and silk have been discovered in ancient burial sites in Egypt, Babylonia, Peru, and Great Britain," according to Nisha Drinkard of William Paterson University.
Drinkard curated Contemporary Fiber, the current exhibit at The Gallery of Contemporary Art at Sacred Heart University (Fairfield, Connecticut), which features fiber art from 22 purveyors and is on display until May 29, 2008.
Their offerings range from dresses to framed work on canvas, but all entries are made mainly with textiles. Techniques used to manipulate the fibers include knitting, sewing, stitching, weaving, and quilting.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Documentation Center
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Inverse fan-beam transform
I = ifanbeam(F,D)
I = ifanbeam(...,param1,val1,param2,val2,...)
[I,H] = ifanbeam(...)
I = ifanbeam(F,D) reconstructs the image I from projection data in the two-dimensional array F. Each column of F contains fan-beam projection data at one rotation angle. ifanbeam assumes that the center of rotation is the center point of the projections, which is defined as ceil(size(F,1)/2).
The fan-beam spread angles are assumed to be the same increments as the input rotation angles split equally on either side of zero. The input rotation angles are assumed to be stepped in equal increments to cover [0:359] degrees.
D is the distance from the fan-beam vertex to the center of rotation.
I = ifanbeam(...,param1,val1,param2,val2,...) specifies parameters that control various aspects of the ifanbeam reconstruction, described in the following table. Parameter names can be abbreviated, and case does not matter. Default values are in braces ({}).
String specifying the range through which the beams are rotated.
{'cycle'} — Rotate through the full range [0,360).
'minimal' — Rotate the minimum range necessary to represent the object.
Positive real scalar specifying the increment of the rotation angle of the fan-beam projections, measured in degrees. See fanbeam for details.
String specifying how sensors are positioned.
'arc' — Sensors are spaced equally along a circular arc at distance D from the center of rotation. Default value is 'arc'
'line' — Sensors are spaced equally along a line, the closest point of which is distance D from the center of rotation.
See fanbeam for details.
Positive real scalar specifying the spacing of the fan-beam sensors. Interpretation of the value depends on the setting of 'FanSensorGeometry'.
If 'FanSensorGeometry' is set to 'arc' (the default), the value defines the angular spacing in degrees. Default value is 1.
If 'FanSensorGeometry' is 'line', the value specifies the linear spacing. Default value is 1. See fanbeam for details.
String specifying the name of a filter. See iradon for details.
Scalar in the range (0,1] that modifies the filter by rescaling its frequency axis. See iradon for details.
Text string specifying the type of interpolation used between the parallel-beam and fan-beam data.
'nearest' — Nearest-neighbor
{'linear'} — Linear
'spline' — Piecewise cubic spline
'pchip' —- Piecewise cubic Hermite (PCHIP)
'v5cubic' — The cubic interpolation from MATLAB® 5
Positive scalar specifying the number of rows and columns in the reconstructed image.
If 'OutputSize' is not specified, ifanbeam determines the size automatically.
If you specify 'OutputSize', ifanbeam reconstructs a smaller or larger portion of the image, but does not change the scaling of the data.
 Note: If the projections were calculated with the fanbeam function, the reconstructed image might not be the same size as the original image.
[I,H] = ifanbeam(...) returns the frequency response of the filter in the vector H.
ifanbeam converts the fan-beam data to parallel beam projections and then uses the filtered back projection algorithm to perform the inverse Radon transform. The filter is designed directly in the frequency domain and then multiplied by the FFT of the projections. The projections are zero-padded to a power of 2 before filtering to prevent spatial domain aliasing and to speed up the FFT.
Class Support
The input arguments, F and D, can be double or single. All other numeric input arguments must be double. The output arguments are double.
Example 1
This example creates a fan-beam transformation of the phantom head image and then calls the ifanbeam function to recreate the phantom image from the fan-beam transformation.
ph = phantom(128);
d = 100;
F = fanbeam(ph,d);
I = ifanbeam(F,d);
imshow(ph), figure, imshow(I);
Example 2
This example illustrates use of the ifanbeam function with the 'fancoverage' option set to'minimal'.
ph = phantom(128);
P = radon(ph);
[F,obeta,otheta] = para2fan(P,100,...
phReconstructed = ifanbeam(F,100,...
imshow(ph), figure, imshow(phReconstructed)
[1] Kak, A. C., and M. Slaney, Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging, New York, NY, IEEE Press, 1988.
See Also
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text:
From: Tony Deng
Subject: A Question on Language Acquisition
E-mail this message to a friend
Why is it that behavioristic theories can account sufficiently well for the
earliest utterances of the child, but not for utterances at the sentence
and discourse level? Do nativistic and functional approaches provide the
necessary tools for accounting for those later, more complex utterances?
Read more issues|LINGUIST home page|Top of issue


text:
SAREL: an assistance system for writing software specifications in natural language
Document typeResearch report
Rights accessOpen Access
All rights reserved. This work is protected by the corresponding intellectual and industrial property rights. Without prejudice to any existing legal exemptions, reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of this work are prohibited without permission of the copyright holder
This report presents a SAREL system and it is compared with several systems focused on the quality of the specification phase in software development process. The main goal of SAREL system is to assist engineers in the creation of software specifications written in natural language. The assistance process takes into account the writing norms and the main quality properties.
CitationCastell, N., Hernandez, M. "SAREL: an assistance system for writing software specifications in natural language". 1994.
Is part ofLSI-94-17-R


text:
[I regret that quoting a dubious internet source from an ex-colony that has managed to boldly* mangle the English language, grammar and spelling does not prove anything. Claymore is of an age and education where he should know the difference and I expect is abjectly ashamed of his error.
I stand corrected. It would seem it's a common mistake and myself and Claymore have made it.
From the Oxford English
"There is a distinction in meaning between infer and imply. In the sentence the speaker implied that the General had been a traitor, implied means that the speaker subtly suggested that this man was a traitor (though nothing so explicit was actually stated). However, in we inferred from his words that the General had been a traitor, inferred means that something in the speaker's words enabled the listeners to deduce that the man was a traitor. The two words infer and imply can describe the same event, but from different angles. Use of infer to mean imply, as in are you inferring that I'm a liar? (instead of are you implying that I'm a liar?), is an extremely common error.
I thought a 'comms' man would know. One is TD the other is RD. Back to basics.
You learn something every day


text:
The Agricultural and Livestock Sector: Engine of Growth in Colombia!
Colombia has great potential for agriculture and livestock. The main activities are focused on winner products such as cane, African oil palm, rice and cereals, beef and dairy cattle, pigs, flowers, bananas, coffee, fruits and vegetables.
In Colombia it is estimated that only 25% of total land is cultivated. There is great potential in areas such as cereals and sugarcane for energy production, and palm and forest for biodiesel production.
"Entrepreneurship, formalization of production activities in the countryside, and technological innovation, are some of the key factors – and in which the Ministry of Agriculture has his sights set on – to make this economic line a locomotive of economic development. Colombia is a country that has a very large land offer." Juan Camilo Restrepo - Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Results of exhibitor surveys in the previous version (in spanish)
Results of visitor surveys in the previous version (in spanish)


text:
Guido Ubaldus' proof of the existence of God (idea)
Actually, I think it proves that his math is all jacked up because Ubaldus is treating an infinite series like a finite one. Line 3 is the illegal operation. It is patently false when dealing with ellipses. The dots matter if you are going to perform operations for which the last number becomes important. Once he grouped the numbers parenthetically in line 3, the statement is only true if the series ends with a -1, so he uses a classic bit of polemic by changing definitions and counting on you to miss the substitution. Math proofs work for math and often predict things in the real world, but this is only useful to the extent that the conclusions can be tested.


text:
In the making guide we mention 'nodes' as a good idea if you want to create more complex 3D designs. But what is a node and how do you create a good one?
A node is typically used if your design has multiple parts that need to join together either by slotting or with a tab and hole joint.
Nodes are little bumps located in the slots or on tabs in your product that are there to help compensate for material thickness variations and the laser kerf. This idea is they compress when a product is assembled providing friction at points rather than along the whole surface of the slot. This means the slot can be fractionally wider at the opening allowing the pieces to be slotted together easily but still create a snug joint.
Finding the right balance between easy to put together but tight when assembled is no mean feat and is probably quite subjective. What I find easy to put together, some people don't. It's best to get a few people to have a go putting your design together if you intend to sell it as a flat pack item.
So what is the key for a successful node?
Symmetry – It's best to have nodes on both sides of a slot mirroring each other. This will minimize any potential twisting that might occur if nodes are offset.
Shape – A gentle curve works well. Something that leads on easily but provides good friction when it's on.
Multiple sets – If the length of the slot allows, you can have two or more sets of nodes. Again will minimize any twisting that might want to happen. Have one pair near the start of the slot and one about halfway between the middle and the end of the slot.
Length of the node – The longer the node the gentler the curve which seems to make the pieces easier to slide on and off. The minimum length of the node should be approximately 0.2in or 5mm.
Width of the node – This will depend on the material you are using. If the material is dense, like MDF, and has little compression then the nodes should be shallow about 0.01in or 0.2mm each. So taking into account of nodes on both sides of the slot, that allows for 0.02in or 0.4mm in variation. If the material is less dense, like Eurolite Poplar, and therefore can compress more then you can use a bigger node, 0.02in or 0.5mm. It might pay to test a few different sizes in some mock ups (like the examples below) before committing to your full design to test exactly what will work with the material you wish to use.
This information will work best with the plywood and timbers offered on Ponoko. The timbers tend to be a lot more forgiving when creating interlocking designs whereas Acrylic can be brittle and a bit trickier to work with. I'll go into more detail about plastic joints in a later post.
Below are diagrams of the experiment I did to illustrate the differences in node types with a video showing the physical results.
Now this information is to be used as a guide to help you reduce the number of prototypes needed when creating products with Ponoko. It should be used in conjunction with the information on the laser kerf in a previous post to help make a best guess at how to design your joints. Feel free to be creative with nodes and let us know any successes or failures so we can learn from them.


text:
Jeanie Johnston Tall Ship & Famine Museum
The Story of a proud Irish Emigrant ShipA step aboard the Jeanie Johnston is a step towards understanding the daunting experience of the millions of people who crossed the Atlantic in tall ships, seeking survival and hope in the "New World" of North America.
This ship is an accurate replica of the original Jeanie Johnston, which sailed between Tralee in Co. Kerry and North America between 1847 and 1855. During that time it carried 2,500 people on the seven week journey – and despite the hardships and risks, no lives were lost on any of its trips.
The replica gives a vivid sense of the challenges faced by emigrants as they fled from poverty and famine and were thrown together with strangers in cramped conditions, braving a 3,000 mile voyage buffeted by gales and harsh seas.
The ship is is docked at Custom House Quay in Dublin's city centre and is OPEN FOR VISITORS with guided tours being conducted daily.
A tour of the re-created Jeanie Johnston enables visitors to see what it was like on board a wooden tall ship during the Famine era. It conveys a deep sense of history and is a memorable experience for all who come on board.


DESIGN: Self-Charging Battery Achieves Milliamp Milestone
Strategic Elements is claiming several development milestones for its moisture-powered self-charging battery. The first is a demonstration of the company's Battery Ink technology powering an electronic device equipped with multiple sensors and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication. The ability to power BLE connectivity will enable wireless sensor networks for wearable and internet of things (IoT) devices that transmit data to other devices like mobile phones, computers, and others.
Deemed most significant, the second milestone is to print a prototype battery pack with the Battery Ink that can generate over a one milliamp (1 mA) of current from moisture (humidity) only. Obviously, achieving this higher milliamp range expands the range of devices a battery can power.
Strategic Elements' Battery Ink technology employs graphene oxide-based ink to print small, thin, and lightweight battery cells on surfaces like glass and plastic. The battery cells derive power and self-charge from moisture only. According to the company, "moisture from humidity in the air and graphene oxide are a readily available, environmentally-friendly source of energy compared to alternatives based on lithium."
Curious about this unique power technology but require higher knowledge and illumination? If so, pay a visit to the Strategic Elements website.
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A Study in the Psychology of Ritualism
Cover A Study in the Psychology of Ritualism
Genres: Nonfiction
Purchase of this book includes free trial access to where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: - A ( CHAPTER II GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RITUALISM A rite or ceremony is the observance of some formal act or series of acts in the manner prescribed by custom or authority, and from the point of view of functional psychology must be considered as a type of overt reaction performed for the purpose of control. In the case of the Intichiuma ceremony described in the last chapter, the purpose is control of the food situation. The totemic ceremonies described constitute a part of the initiation ceremonies1 in the Arunta tribe, and are intimately connected with matters of sex and social organization. As designed for control, the ceremony has subjective and objective aspects. Both are invariably present, though often in varying degrees. This brings us to a consideration of first importance. The ceremony is al
ways a social reaction. There is always implicit or explicit reference to other selves, be they real or imagined. To divide rites into communal and personal2 is to distinguish on a superficial basis. Even such a supposedly individual rite as that of naming the child always implies a relation to others. The name is given by others. It is given to mark the child as a member of a certain group, to distinguish it from other members of the group, to designate its relation to society at large, and last but not least, to insure more adequate control of the individual by the group. Thus viewed, this rite, which Brinton catalogues under "personal" rites, naturally comes to take its place as a communal rite. It certainly would be quite as muchso as sacrifice, which he calls a communal rite; for here the individual may have done nothing more than make himself unclean,3 and be sacrificing to remove the uncleanness. 'A. W. Howitt has a significant paragraph on the initiation ce... --This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition.
A Study in the Psychology of Ritualism
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text:
Quest for Liberty
Clearly written in a style which poignantly underlies the intense emotion and beliefs felt on both sides of the American Revolution, Quest for Liberty details the beginnings of the war from the point of view of two men from a community soon to be torn apart. Dealing with the deep personal issues that afflict these men of opposing convictions, Rowe effectively captures the agonizing decisions that accompanied this pivotal and tenuous time in history.
Adherence to historical detail lends authenticity to the story, allowing a better understanding of the darker aspects of the war. Profound and well reasoned, it becomes difficult to choose a side as the plot unfolds, each man's position seeming reasonable and understandable. This equal presentation paints a clearer portrait of the Revolution than many other stories, illustrating that brutality and persecution rarely, if ever, come from one side only.
Giving the reader a thought provoking look at what it took to make this country free, outstandingly written and infinitely engaging, Quest for Liberty is essential reading for anyone interested in American history.


text:
Male tanner crabs can reach 6 inches in width, while females are about half the size. Despite their smaller size, females can carry up to 100,000 eggs. After hatching from the egg, juvenile snow crabs will molt their shells and grow a new one as they increase in size. When they reach sexual maturity, they will never molt again. This last molt is called the "terminal molt".
Unfortunately, the tanner crab population in southeast Alaska is plagued by an algae called parasitic dinoflagellate. This parasite causes "bitter crab disease" which is not harmful to humans but causes the meat to taste bad and eventually kills the crab.


text:
If you're a teacher or parent/guardian then swimming is something you need to get your children excited and interested in, after all it could save their life.
Around 200,000 children leave primary school unable to swim. And nearly 40% will never be offered school swimming lessons despite it being a statutory element of the National Curriculum.
These were the shocking findings from ASA Kellogg's research into the state of school swimming in England in 2012, the year of the home Olympics.
But it doesn't have to be this way going forward, which is why the ASA produced its six-point ASA School Swimming Manifesto. And we all have a huge role to play, especially parents and teachers.
Learning to swim at an early age can go on to save your child's life - drowning is the third most common cause of accidental death in children. Download our guide for parents left to learn more. You can also:
- Go to our dedicated Parents zone to find out what you can do to get your child swimming.
- Ask your children's school about swimming and how they are helping your child to swim.
- Check out Aquasplash, a fun festival for primary school age children designed to improve water skills. Then tell your child's school about it and encourage them to get involved.
Designed to support school teachers and swimming teachers, our school swimming and water safety guide will help in facilitating swimming lessons for primary school children. Download it by clicking the link left. You can also:
- Check out Aquasplash, a fun festival for primary school age children designed to improve water skills
- Download and read the ASA Manifesto and help us get children swimming
For more in-depth information on school swimming go to the ASA zone's school swimming section:


text:
Yes. VWO Surveys allows a user to trigger a survey if a visitor scrolls a certain amount on a page. A user can define the number of pixels or percentage of page height a visitor needs to scroll either from the top or bottom of the page to trigger a survey. Percentage of page height is useful for webpages with fixed height. For infinitely scrolling pages such as search results on an e-commerce webpage, actual pixels scrolled is a more reliable way.
Articles in this section
- What are some example use cases where can I use custom trigger to show a survey?
- Can I schedule a survey to start or end at a specified time?
- Is the Thank you screen always displayed?
- If a visitor closes the survey, does it appear again?
- How can I reorder the sequence of questions?
- How many questions can I add in a survey?
- How to Track Wistia Video Plays using VWO
- Is there a limit on the number of responses?
- Can I trigger a survey for a specific variation of an existing A/B Test campaign in VWO?
- What does the "Ask your respondents for email" checkbox do?


Speak with a Transport Specialist, 24 hours a day,
7 days a week
Veteran-owned Business
Bariatric ground transport is a form of medical transportation specifically designed to meet the needs of bariatric patients. This kind of transport is designed to offer the comfort and safety that traditional transport may fail to provide. Patients are considered to be bariatric if they have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30.
Consequently, a bariatric patient's weight and size often make it uncomfortable and unsafe to transport them via traditional ambulances not explicitly designed for such purpose.
As such, special transportation that can meet the patient's requirements have to be used. Bariatric ground transport companies now offer special transportation services that are ideal for transporting bariatric patients. However, there are some factors to consider when choosing a bariatric ground transport company. Below are a few of the major factors to consider.
1. Level of Care Required
Some bariatric patients are reasonably mobile and can move or be moved with relative ease. Others might be bedridden and require more assistance to move safely. Equally important is the level of medical attention that the patient would often require in transit. Some basic medical care is enough in some instances, while others require advanced medical attention even in transit. Therefore, it's imperative to choose a company that can provide the needed level of care.
2. Type of Vehicle
Another vital factor to consider when choosing a bariatric ground transport company is the type of vehicles available. Large vehicles with wide doors are needed to accommodate bariatric patients. Other essential factors to note are the weight and size limitations. It's important to verify that the vehicles can transport a bariatric patient safely and comfortably.
3. Equipment Condition and Suitability.
To successfully transport a bariatric patient, a bariatric ground transport service must have the right equipment to accommodate and serve a bariatric patient. For instance, intramuscular injections must be done with longer needles, and blood pressure cuffs must be in the appropriate size.
Furthermore, the wheelchairs and stretchers must also be specially designed for bariatric patients. Overall, equipment must be large-sized and suitable for bariatric patients to facilitate the smooth movement of the patient. Weight limitations of lifting equipment like stretchers and wheelchairs must also be considered.
4. Availability of Door-to-Door Service
It is important to verify whether a particular bariatric ground transport company offers door to door service. It would be difficult and inconvenient if the patient has to be moved to a different location before being transported. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm if they offer door to door service before hiring them. In some cases, a company might even provide bed-to-bed services.
5. Personnel Capability and Competence
Transporting a bariatric patient requires more personnel. In fact, a minimum of four individuals must be available to move a bariatric patient safely. As such, you must choose a company that has adequate personnel for the trip.
Also, there are guidelines and algorithms that are designed to guarantee the safety of both patient and personnel in the course of transporting a bariatric patient. Specifically, Bariatric Algorithm 6 details the procedures for transporting a bariatric patient. Hence, it is necessary to consider the knowledge and competence of the personnel before opting for any bariatric ground transport service.
The factors highlighted in this article will help you choose the right medical transport company; that offers a seamless bariatric ground transport service that guarantees the safety and comfort of the patient at all times.


Mola Ram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Indiana Jones villain, see List of Indiana Jones characters#Mola Ram.
A painting by Mola Ram: Abhisarika nayika, "the heroine going to meet her lover". She turns back to look at a golden anklet, which has just fallen off. There are also snakes below and lightning above.
Mola Ram (1743–1833)[1] was an Indian painter, who originated the Garhwal branch of the Kangra school of painting.[2] He was also a poet, historian and diplomat.[3] Much research about him was done by Mukandi Lal.[4]
Life and Career[edit]
He was born in Srinagar, and worked for the Garhwal Kingdom from 1777 until its annexation in 1803.
It is said[5] that two miniature painters of the Mughal imperial court at Delhi, Sham Das and his son Har Das (or Kehar Das[3]), accompanied Sulaiman Shikoh, the son of Dara Shikoh, when he escaped from his uncle Aurangzeb in 1658 and sought refuge from Prithvi Shah of the Garhwal kingdom, which had its capital in Srinagar. The painters remained in Srinagar as the royal tasbirdar (picture-makers), and developed the Garhwal style of miniature painting. Mola Ram was one of their descendants.[5] The inception of the Garhwal school of painting is also sometimes credited to him. His son Jwala Ram and grandson Atma Ram continued the tradition, but further descendants suspected a curse and gave up painting.[3] However, one of his descendants, Tulsi (often confused with Tulsi Mistri, another contemporary painter) was also a painter.[1]
Mola Ram himself initially painted in the Mughal style until visiting Kangra,[6] e.g. his painting Mastani is in the Mughal idiom,[7] while his later paintings, e.g. Vasakasajja Nayika,[8] are in the Garhwal style. Some of his paintings are signed.[2]
He wrote the historical work Garharajavansh ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[9][10] He starts with Sham Shah and goes on to describe Dula Ram Shah, Mahipati Shah, Pritam Shah, Medini Shah, Lalit Shah, and Jayakrit Shah.[11] He also wrote Ganika Natak or Garh Gita Sangram in 1800.[12] Mola Ram himself played a part in politics, helping Jayakrit Shah obtain help from Raja Jagat Prakash of Sirmaur to quell a rebellion at the battle of Karparoli.[13][14]
 1. ^ a b Kamboj 2003, p.119
 2. ^ a b Coomaraswamy 1969, pp.75–76
 3. ^ a b c Kamboj 2003, p.25
 4. ^ Chaitanya, p. 77
 5. ^ a b Hāṇḍā 2002, p.129
 6. ^ Kamboj 2003, p.28
 7. ^ Chaitanya, p. 80
 8. ^ Chaitanya, p.32
 9. ^ Hāṇḍā 2002, p.120
 10. ^ Hāṇḍā & Jain 2003, p.21: "Mola Ram was witness to the collapse of dynastic rule, rise and fall of the tyrannical Gurkha hegemony through which he could steer well, and the British dominance in Garhwal. The upheavals through which the Garhwal kingdom passed during those days are most authentically recorded in his Garh Rajvansh ka Itihas. This work of Mola Ram covers the history of Garhwal from the period of Sham Shah (AD _PHONE_) to the tyrannical days under the Gurkhas and British rule."
 11. ^ Hāṇḍā 2002, pp. 120–144
 12. ^ Rawat 2002
 13. ^ Hāṇḍā 2002, p.144
 14. ^ Chaitanya, p.78
External links[edit]


in adjusting the equaliser.
*Generate the correction signal. Either the person judges what a flat response is e.g. "too much in the third band", or a visual display of the sound spectrum picked up gives this information about how the current result deviates from the ideal flat (uniform) frequency response.
*Make the correction: move those sliders
I understand it is possible to automate this, using a pink noise source and electronics that can make the corrections. The point here though is that it is still a feedback system, but one that uses not just electric feedback but a microphone to include the room's acoustics in the loop; and this allows me to identify these different system components of the general feedback loop.
Education example
Applied to feedback to learners:
*Input: the primary exposition e.g. textbook, lecture
*Forward part: student's re-expression e.g. writes an essay, gives an answer to pedagogic/interview questions by teacher
*Feedback signal. This is what we were discussing: what this should be.
*Generating the correction signal.
*Make the correction: the learner corrects what they did e.g. does the exercise again; but more importantly makes the internal correction to their "knowledge" cf. adjusting all those little sliders on the graphic equaliser.
Now here we can see that only the learner can do the last stage of making the correction. We were discussing the cases where the teacher generates the feedback signal. The issue is about the cross-over between teacher and learner, which might be before, during or after generating the correction signal. E.g. the teacher might generate the correction signal: tell the learner exactly what they should have done. Or alternatively, they may just say something minimal about there being an error, leaving it to the learner to extract what the right answer was, where the difference is, and how the input should be modified as a consequence. A complete list of the functions that have to be performed in this part of the loop by some combination of teacher and learner are:
**Pick up the "output" and interpret it (cf. using a microphone to turn the sound in the room back into an electrical signal, reading an essay and interpreting what it says (not just what the student may have meant but didn't actually write))
**Supply a standard against which to judge it (cf. ideal flat frequency response)
**Calculate where the differences are
**Go from the differences to corrective actions. In the case of setting up the graphic equaliser, these corrective actions are adjusting the settings, NOT just adjusting the input signal to the amplifier. This is analogous to a learner adjusting their conceptions, NOT just changing what they wrote in the exercise.
I guess my view is, that we wish learners to end up with the whole feedback system internalised so that they themselves provide all those functions, using internal standards against which they compare each of their performances and can correct them. A generalised teaching strategy here is that of "scaffolding": of doing a lot of the functions in the feedback loop for them at first, and progressively withdrawing that support. Besides being the best for the learner, it also is much quicker and easier for the teacher just to provide the feedback signal (how it sounds to another person) and/or how it measures against target standards. These are also functions we continue to benefit from others providing to some extent even when we are quite skilled, just as a hifi system benefits from measurements of how it sounds in some new room.
Feedback timing
Here are two messages to ITFORUM on feedback timing:
From: John Farquhar
To: Multiple recipients of list ITFORUM
In 1994, I performed an extensive literature review in this area.
Bangert-Drowns, Kulik, Kulik, and Morgan (1991) provided the most complete analysis, reviewing 53 studies that compared some form of immediate feedback to delayed feedback in test-like events. The studies covered a variety of instructional applications from classroom quizzes to programmed materials and CAL. Their general conclusion was that in typical classroom settings immediate feedback is more effective. Bangert-Drowns et. al. also found small to moderate gains for the use of immediate feedback over delayed feedback in CAL materials, however, the number of CAL studies in their analysis was small.
Despite these studies, it seems reasonable (or at least consistent with cognitive theory) that a delay in feedback during instructional situations and under other specified conditions can be beneficial.
Merrill, Reiser, Ranney, and Trafton (1992) describe an interesting study on the actions of human tutors. According to Merrill, et. al. human tutors tend not to provide immediate feedback for every step of a complex problem. Instead, they modulate the timing of their responses based upon the importance of the error performed.
My own research has investigated the timing of feedback within an Intelligent Simulation (Farquhar & Regian, 1994; Farquhar, 1995). My LOADER program is capable of determining the criticality of an error, then providing either immediate or delayed feedback based upon that error type. I have found that the effectiveness of delayed feedback under these circumstances is dependent on the type of feedback provided (and probably the present level of skill of the learner as well). I also believe the effectiveness of delayed feedback is dependent upon the type of knowledge (with procedural knowledge being more appropriate).
My present hypothesis (which, to my knowledge, has not been tested) is that the effectiveness of delayed over immediate feedback in CAL depends upon the type of knowledge (declarative or procedural), type of feedback (notification or elaborative), type of error (critical or non-critical), and present learner skill level (low or high) with delayed feedback being more effective under the conditions of procedural knowledge, elaborative feedback, non-critical errors, and low skill level.
From: "JennyLynn Werner, Ph.D." Mon Oct 11 16:51:29 1999
For feedback, some of the studies are more than 10 years old, but because many textbooks and teachers have not moved away from behaviorism (not especially applicable to higher order human cognition), most people need to start more than 10 years back. I still hear (much too often) that technology-based learning is great because learners get immediate feedback, and developers provide immediate feedback even when they shouldn't because they have literally NO idea how feedback works for learners. Toolbook by Asymetrix was one of the absolute worst because their immediate feedback for their multiple guess items was instant and their idea of 'delayed' feedback was at the end of each question - pfui. Clueless programmers can make it harder for people to learn; it's important that instructional feedback is developed correctly.
See work by Dr. Raymond Kulhavy at Arizona State. He demonstrated in the late 1960s that feedback does NOT function as reinforcement (as was commonly believed then, and for some reason this myth still survives, even in some textbooks); that instructional feedback should, in some cases, be delayed rather than immediate, and that response certitude plays an important role in the effectiveness of some types of feedback. Later Dr. Kulhavy and Dr. William Stock wrote the articles detailing the feedback model. The article describing the model also describes appropriate feedback timing and level of detail. That article describes the confusion that persists for some around the difference between instructional feedback and behavioral reinforcement and notes that even some college textbooks are perpetuating the myths and superstitions around human information processing and learning theory.
JennyLynn Werner, Ph.D.
Instructional/Performance Technologist
SixSigma Performance
Kulhavy, R.W. & Anderson, R.C. (1972) "Delay-retention effect with multiplechoice tests" Journal of Educational Psychology 63: 505-512.
Kulhavy, R.W. (1977). "Feedback in written instruction" Review of Educational Research 47(1): 211-232.
Kulhavy, R.W. & Stock, W.A. (1989). "Feedback in written instruction: The place of response certitude" Educational Psychology Review 1(4): 279-308.
Notes from Nicol seminar
David Nicol gave a seminar here at TLS on 23 March 1999. It stimulated some ideas.
 1. Get set of tutors for a class to discuss/develop a common feedback form and guidelines. Redo this every year: it's the process as much as the form, and the thing is to get the set of tutors to pull together.
 2. Get students to work on how to use feedback, what they want, how to request it. And to self-assess, and compare their judgements with the tutor's of their own work.
 3. Selfand peer-assessment exercises (see below for why). But only after training the learners on giving feedback.
 4. Try to get students intrinsic exteeranl feedack on their work i.e. independent of the tutor's e.g. for maths problems the right answer, for programming, their program's behaviour.
 4.2 Thus for essays in the psychology dept. every student does several critical reviews on personally chosen topics. When these are connected to the syllabus they could be useful revision material for other students. So the idea would be to organise other students using them, and the first student then answering questions about them, and so experiencing how effective the written work had been (for other students).
 1. Put the feedback in electronic form (email, whatever): this facilitates all the ideas below, makes dissemination easy, avoids any costs when individuals lose their copies, etc.


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Birds of Namibia
Introduction: Spotting a yellow-bellied eremomela (Eremomela icteropygialis) is far more likely in savannah woodland than in shrubland or a rocky hillside or a garden. Groups of up to 8 are usual.Distribution: Of the 6 species recorded in southern Africa, 3 are found in Namibia. E.i. icteropygialis prefer the central and southern regions of Namibia, E.i. sharpei dominate the north and some north-eastern regions, whilst E.i. viriitincta are confined to the Kwando/Chobe/Zambezi River systems.
Diet: Searches twigs and foliage, working from the base up to the tops of bushes for termites, beetles, ants, caterpillars, fruits, seeds and nectar.Description: Yellow-rump (icteropygialis), greyish white breast and upper belly, brownish grey tail and pale olive to brownish-grey crown to upper tail colouring.
Breeding: A nest consists of a tidy thin-walled cup made of dry grass and plant fibres, bound by spider web. In May, the female lays 2 or 3 eggs which are incubated for around 14 days.
Size: 10cm. Weight: 9g.
3 Days - Visits Sesriem & Sossusvlei in the Namib Desert
4 Days - Game viewing in Etosha National Park
10 Days - Waterberg, Etosha, Damaraland, Swakopmund & Sossusvlei
14 Days - Waterberg, Etosha, Damaraland, Swakopmund, Sossusvlei, Lüderitz, Fish River Canyon & Kalahari Desert


Prosthetic leg Portland
Article provided by: Eastside Orthotics & Prosthetics
Prosthetic leg Portland
When choosing a prosthetic leg, it's vital to perform extensive research on the different types and manufacturers. It's quite an investment, so you want to ensure you're getting your money's worth in terms of durability and quality. If you're looking for a prosthetic leg in Portland, contact us at Eastside Orthotics Prosthetics.
How do prosthetic limbs work?
To understand how prosthetics work, you need to understand the different type of prosthetics. Some prosthetic limbs replace the entire limb, including any joints such as the knee, and these are more complex than ones that only replace a section of the limb (without joints). Incorporating an artificial joint mimics the complex biomechanical systems our bodies use at joints, so often consists of things like microprocessors to receive signals from muscles.
Even simple things like standing or walking involve several muscles working together with the knee joint to adjust the position of your feet and legs. When you're in motion such as sprinting, this becomes even more complex, where your knee has to flex a certain way to minimize pressure and impact on your bones. This is why a lot of older generation artificial limbs failed because the different parts couldn't coordinate together to perform the movement.
Now prosthetics contain microprocessors where we can program how the limb and joint should behave for different motions. They consist of sensors that send signals about things like pressure and alignments of different parts and motors that respond accordingly. If you need a specific type of prosthetic leg in Portland, call us for a free evaluation.
How do I choose the best prosthetic for me?
The location and type of amputation constrain your choice. If there is extensive damage to your entire limb, you'll have to replace it entirely, which includes the joints. Sometimes, you may only have to replace just a part of your leg or arm, without an artificial joint. These aren't as technically complex as full limbs, so they cost less.
Your physical activity level and the nature of your lifestyle are also crucial factors in choosing the type of limb. There are different prosthetics to suit different kinds of people. For example, prosthetics for professional sports are different and more advanced than for regular people. So, you must weigh your needs against the associated costs of prosthetics.
How to survive the heat with prosthetic limbs
With prosthetics, you want to care of them regularly during the changing seasons to avoid damage to the prosthetic itself or the skin in the amputation site. Sometimes, heavy sweating can cause your prosthetic to become loose. Changing your prosthetics socks regularly will keep your prosthetic in place and irritation at bay.
After a long sweaty day, ensure you clean out prosthetics socks daily. This will kill any bacteria built up from the sweat and minimize the risk of infections at the amputation site. There are also special antiperspirants available for prosthetic limbs that you can use.
Do you need a prosthetic leg in Portland? Eastside Orthotics Prosthetics utilizes cutting-edge materials and technology to deliver the highest quality prosthetics.
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text:
Tree of Knowledge
A tree stands tall and delights in the animals, the wind and weather that surround it. Consider what is happening below, the deep roots that grow and help to nourish and sustain it. The tree grows in the security that both its branches and its roots grow in harmony. The Tree of Knowledge reminds us that knowledge is about harmony and balance in all things. Once we have secured this knowledge we can allow it to flow into our lives and feel peace.


International Education Committee
The purpose of the International Education committee is to facilitate international, multicultural and cross-cultural experiences for faculty, staff and students of the Kremen School of Education and Human Development.
2012-2013 Goals:
 1. To seek funding and support for such international experiences.
 2. To establish priorities related to International Education.
 3. To consult on methods for the recruitment of international students.
 4. To engage in international recruitment, with the purpose of fulfilling a Kremen goal, "to negotiate at least one successful partnership with an overseas university to facilitate student and faculty exchange."


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Style has devoted a special issue (Volume 48/1) to recent pedagogical work by Peter J. Rabinowitz and Corinne Bancroft '10. Rabinowitz is the Carolyn C. and David M. Ellis '38 Distinguished Teaching Professor of Comparative Literature.
The issue begins with Rabinowitz and Bancroft's "Euclid at the Core: Recentering Literary Education." In their article, which addresses teaching literature in secondary schools, they reject the Common Core Standards in part on the grounds that "they have no significant theoretical grounding."
As an alternative, Rabinowitz and Bancroft propose a new curricular framework grounded in rhetorical narrative theory and cognitive narrative theory (especially the work of Lisa Zunshine). Their title comes from the Euclidean principles behind their model, which starts with a few basic postulates and uses them used to build increasingly complex types of literary knowledge and experience.
Their proposals also build heavily on the importance of "kid knowledge"—knowledge that students already possess before they come to class. The resulting curricular program avoids the major problems with both traditional text-centered instruction education (such as the Common Core) and more subjective reader-centered models. "Euclid at the Core" is followed by 11 responses by high school teachers, education theorists, and literary theorists.
The issue concludes with a second essay by Bancroft and Rabinowitz, "'Thanks to All at Once and to Each One': Continuing the Conversation," which responds to those 11 essays and further develops the arguments in "Euclid at the Core."


'Worst-case scenario': Blue Mountains blazes threaten to combine into mega-fire
Updated October 22, 2013 15:14:20
There are fears unpredictable weather conditions could cause a mega-fire in the Blue Mountains if a number of existing large blazes join together.
The front of the State Mine fire near Lithgow already extends across hundreds of kilometres, and this morning authorities deliberately join the blaze with the Mount Victoria fire to the south.
Under what they said yesterday was the "worst possible scenario", it could possibly merge with the Linksview Road fire in Springwood, to the south-east, which destroyed almost 200 homes on Thursday.
Dr Owen Price, a senior research fellow at the Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires at the University of Wollongong, says there is a risk that a combined fire could produce so much energy it could create its own weather conditions.
"You can get these conditions, what you call a pyrocumulus, where a fire is producing so much energy it punches up through the troposphere a huge plume of smoke, essentially creating a thunderstorm with lots and lots of energy in it," he said.
"Then it starts to suck in air from all around, so there's more oxygen and it feeds back on itself so the fire behaviour goes really extreme.
"Unfortunately under those conditions when it's creating its own weather you can get things like tornados occurring.
"If two big fires coalesce together they're sort of pooling their energy together, so you can get feedback that makes them even more intense."
Dr Price says fires that serious can become impossible to fight.
But he also says the Blue Mountains fires could join up without necessarily getting much worse.
"It's not a given that if these two fires will meet that that's what they will do, they could just continue the way they're going. But there's a risk," he said.
Fire crews employ high-risk strategies
Firefighters are now employing what they call "high-risk" back-burning strategies to fight the fires, including back-burning, working with bulldozers and working with hand tools to create fire breaks.
"Imagine lighting up 10 to 15 kilometres of countryside along a very windy road in some of the most steepest, scenically beautiful rugged terrain, against a prevailing, hot, dry wind and expecting it to go away from you. It's a challenge," Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons said this morning.
Dr Price says much depends on weather conditions over the next few days, which are difficult to predict.
But he says there are two main possibilities.
"One is that it's going to be dry for days and possibly weeks, similar conditions to what we've had over the last several weeks, in which case [the fires] are just going to keep expanding," he said.
"There's a fair chance that tomorrow evening we might get some fairly heavy rain - 20 or 30 millilitres - which might not be enough to extinguish them but certainly to put the brakes on them for a while. Rain is what will eventually put these fires out.
"When we get a really good fall of rain, something in the order of 60 to 100 millimetres, is hard to predict."
Perfect storm of fire conditions
Scientists at the Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre predicted in September that parts of southern Australia could have above normal bushfire activity this season.
Higher-than-average temperatures over the past year mean grasslands and forests have dried out, providing plenty of fuel to burn once fires start.
"We know that bushfires will occur every year," Bushfire CRC chief executive Gary Morgan said in an email.
"When the conditions are right, hot and windy days, with dry vegetation, fires will occur. We all must be vigilant about our local conditions."
In many parts of New South Wales, the high temperatures also mean hazard-reduction burns could not occur at the scale necessary before the fire season began.
Dr Price says recent dry weather and high winds made conditions in the Blue Mountains especially dangerous on Thursday.
"We haven't had any serious rain for two or three months and it's been unusually warm for this time of year," he said.
"Last Thursday, the wind speed was very, very high; 80 kph winds really drive fires and any spark would have set them off."
That combination of high temperatures and winds, he says, is what makes the coming Wednesday so risky.
"Not only do we have the possibility of new fires starting like they did Thursday, but we have all those fires that are already alight, with a 300-kilometre fire front already established," he said.
What turns a spark into a bushfire?
About half of all bushfire ignitions come from lightning, but those deliberately or accidentally lit by humans tend to be closer to populated areas and more likely to damage property and infrastructure.
Sometimes the high winds that contribute to dangerous fires spreading are also responsible for starting them.
The bushfire that started at Linksview Road in Springwood was reportedly sparked after winds knocked over a power line.
"If you get some sort of spark on the ground, if it's sufficiently dry and there's sufficient energy in that spark, it can cause the litter that's lying there, usually grass litter or dead litter, to ignite," Dr Price said.
"That can spread. Some of the factors are to do with the amount of moisture in the dead leaves. If there's low moisture it can spread with a certain intensity. If it's below a certain intensity it will just self-extinguish, but if it's above a certain intensity it will spread.
"With conditions like we had on Thursday, short-term drought plus very dry air, windy air, it didn't take much; the intensity that required it to spread was instantly available."
Bushfires travel at different speeds depending on the terrain and the kind of vegetation growing, but eucalypts are especially adapted to spread fires.
"In eucalypt forests throughout Australia you can get lofted pieces of bark and sometimes leaves that travel a long way," he said.
"Eucalypts evolved in Australia 15 million years ago, under a fire-prone environment. They are perfectly adapted to survive the fire and to spread the fire. We have a fire-prone continent and it's all part of the system."
Topics: bushfire, fires, disasters-and-accidents, emergency-incidents, lithgow-2790, nsw, australia, bell-2786, bilpin-2758, springwood-2777
First posted October 21, 2013 18:54:22


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One of the most difficult things for people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) to do is seek help. Making an appointment with a doctor, going for the appointment, and talking about symptoms are all situations likely to elicit the anxiety that you are trying to eliminate.
In the best case scenario, the doctor, psychiatrist, or therapist that diagnoses or treats you is empathetic and respectful. This is especially important when you have SAD. Feeling understood and listened to will make it easier for you to trust and be open.
What happens when your doctor is not empathetic or respectful?
Many problems emerge when someone with SAD visits a doctor with poor bedside manner.
- If your doctor is arrogant, you may feel inferior.
- If your doctor doesn't listen to you, you may feel as though you are not worth being listened to.
- If your doctor dismisses your symptoms, you may start to believe they are not really a problem.
The person who is treating your social anxiety should not make you feel uncomfortable. If this is happening to you, it is time to ask for a referral.
What do you think? Have you had bad experiences trying to get help for SAD? How did you handle bad experiences with doctors?
This post is part of a blog carnival about the impact of doctor's attitudes on patient care, hosted by the Guide to Patient Empowerment, Trisha Torrey.
Photo © Microsoft


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One of the key things that differentiates human beings from other animals is that human beings have passion. Apart from the regular work that a man does, he also does work that he is passionate about. Some are interested in collecting stamps or antiques, some are passionate about charitable works. Again some people are passionate about growing plants – they love gardening or farming. However, gardening or farming comes with its own set of challenges. One such challenge is to keep the soil suitable for farming when the farming season comes. Fortunately, a very simple tool exists that helps in fertilizing the soil. Read on to know more.
Traditionally, people used to till the soil before planting crops. However, today people are starting to realize that tilling actually lowers the quality of the soil. So what can be an alternate way to work the soil? Enter : Andre Grelinin. This man developed a tool that can be used to aerate the soil without harming it. The tool is known as grelinette. It's popular name is broadfork. Today this tool is hugely popular among the farming community and can be easily bought from online stores like _URL_.
Speciality of Grelinette
Unlike tiller, a broadfork or grelinette does not mix the topsoil and subsoil while aerating. How is that possible? To understand that, one has to first know what a grelinette looks like. A grelinette has a horizontal bar with several tines. The bar has a handle on either side of it. To aerate the soil with the tool, one has to drive the pointy spikes of it into the soil and then he has to pull the handles downward. This makes airy channels inside the soil. And since it only loosens up the soil, there is no fear of mixing the topsoil and subsoil. A broadfork spares the worms residing underneath the topsoil from displacement. These worms help in fertilizing the soil and displacing them harms the soil.
Types of Grelinette
There are many types of grelinette or broadforks. One has to examine his needs first and then buy it. If you visit sites like _URL_, you can see the various types of grelinettes being sold there. Each of them has unique qualities. Some of these grelinettes are listed below –
- Silverline 229673 Handmade garden cultivator – This is a four pronged grelinette with wich you can not only aerate the soil but can also turn it. Head L x W: 140 x 90mm.
- Spear & Jackson 81210 Rotating fork – Some say that a grelinette is useless in soils where there is clay. But with this, you can easily break clods.
- GC 820-06 Garden Claw – This can be used on a smaller scale. The handles are designed ergonomically.
- Spear & Jackson 81216 Biofurche 4 TeethThis 4 pronged grelinette is helpful in working the soil without giving you any back pain or body aches.
Grelinette is a versatile tool that can be used in any soil condition. You will be surprised to know that such a useful tool does not cost a fortune. Visit the above mentioned website to get grelinette without burning a hole in your pocket.


Nancy Armstrong
Gilbert, Louis, and Edward Lehrman Distinguished Professor of English
Nancy Armstrong has served as editor of the journal Novel: A Forum on Fiction since 1996 and serves as co-organizer of The Novel Project at Duke, a faculty research seminar. Her scholarship explains how novels imagine a world that can be inhabited (or not) in specific ways by historically and culturally variable readerships. Currently focused on the contemporary novel, she continues to address questions of how modern cultures imagine themselves as a political society: Have, do, or can novels imagine alternative social formations? What narrative mechanisms make it possible for them to do so? How do novels presume to change their readers in the process? How do these "arguments" against the status quo engage political theories that attempt the same feat? Can any such alternative leave the formation we call "the family" intact?
Office Hours
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Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada
Data Center Description
The Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada works to promote the sustainable development of Canada's forests and the competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector to ensure the continuity of the resource and the well-being of present and future generations of Canadians.
The Laurentian Forestry (LFC) conducts scientific research on:
-General forest health (acid rain, pollution, ice storms, insects and diseases) and forest biodiversity
-The biological control of forest insect pests (spruce budworm, gypsy moth and hemlock looper) and diseases (annosus root rot, white pine blister rust and Scleroderris canker), using environmentally friendly controls such as Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) and other non-chemical methods
-Understanding the effects of natural disturbances (forest fires, insect epidemics, windthrow and ice storms) to develop appropriate management strategies
-Understanding the effects of current techniques for forestry activities (harvesting, forest roads and plantations) to improve forestry practices
-Tree improvement to obtain better yields and preserve the forest (insect and disease resistance, increased forest biomass, wood quality, biotechnology and genetics)
-Improvement of our knowledge of how a tree functions
-Development of decision-making tools (remote sensing and geomatics)
-Evaluation of the effects of climate change on forests.


, regarding a completely unexpected and indeed very surprising correlation between absolute (or "perfect") pitch and tone language. She made the astonishing discovery that among students who had received musical training by the age of five, fluent speakers of Mandarin, a tone language, were far more likely to have absolute pitch than a comparable group of students who grew up with English or some other nontone language. We're talking a huge difference, of 92% of "very fluent tone language speakers," as opposed to only 8% of English speakers. To determine whether the correlation were primarily genetic rather than linguistic, she tested East Asian students who grew up speaking a non-tone language and discovered that they too scored only about 8%. The correlation seems definitely associated with tone language rather than genetic inheritance.
Another important discovery concerns the pitch sensitivity of tone language speakers generally. It's always been assumed that the pitches of tone language are relative and not absolute, yet Deutsch learned that
not only were Vietnamese and Mandarin speakers very sensitive to the pitches that they hear, but they can produce words at a consistent absolute pitch... We found that their pitches were remarkably consistent: when compared across days, half of the participants showed pitch differences of less than half a semitone (p. 42).
In the next post, I'll explain why I attach such importance to these results.


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Throughout the development and administration of the High School Assessments, the Maryland State Department of Education has been attentive and responsive to the requests and needs of Maryland's school systems and diverse populations. Therefore, the decisions regarding score reports have undergone transition, as outlined and explained in the following reports of Chapter 9:
9.1 Scale Scores Test scores and achievement (proficiency) levels are expressed in terms of scale scores instead of number-right (raw) scores. Because different questions (test items) are used each time tests are administered in Maryland, students' raw scores would reflect not only their achievement, but also the difficulty of the particular test the students took. Scale scores are used to simplify direct comparisons of results from different tests.
The original scale score metric was set in 2002 using data from field tests administered throughout the state. Overall scores and those for sections (subtests) from all subsequent tests are expressed on the 2002 scale through a process that accounts for differences in test difficulty (see also Chapter 8.3 of this report).
The original metric was set separately for each subject (content area). Scale score comparisons within subjects, either for different tests or across subtests, are therefore possible (but only when they are statistically reliable). Comparing scale scores from different content areas is not justified.
9.2 Subscore Reporting Categories
Listed here are the reporting categories for each of the high school assessments


Insane Philly Teacher Proposal Ends Seniority and Water Fountains
Broke and looking to cut spending, the Philadelphia School District announced a list of demands of teachers this week that would cut back on seniority, extra pay for extra work, and access to water fountains. The givebacks include:
Schools with more than 1,000 students would no longer be required to have librarians or librarian assistants.
Schools would no longer be required to have counselors, and counselors' caseloads would no longer be capped.
Teachers could be assigned to unlimited classes outside their subject area, and high school teachers could be assigned an extra class without pay. There would be no limit on amount of consecutive time taught in a school day.
There would be no limit on class size. (Current limits are 30 for the lower grades and 33 for the upper grades, large class sizes by anyone's measure.)
This being the very first proposal towards a new contract, it's assumed that the School Reform Commission (a state-appointed board that controls the Philly school district and has pushed for Charter and business-friendly changes in the miserably underfunded school system) will budge on some of these points, but probably not on the larger ones, including eliminating elevated pay categories for teachers with advanced degrees and instituting a longer work day for less pay.
It's not known whether the School Reform Commission will actually negotiate with the Philadelphia Federation of Teachers (whose contract expires in August), or if they can simply impose these terms on them.
Philadelphia could very well be heading towards a teachers strike on the level of Chicago's last fall, except that the state suspended their right to strike after taking over control from the city in 2001.


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Apple Professional Learning (APL)
For the complete utilization of Apple devices to their full potential, iPlanet Educationprovides instruction, coaching, and support from a network of Apple Professional Learning Specialists (APLS). Trainers have the knowledge and expertise that integrate innovative technology into your teaching process. With APL, better engagement and learning goals are met through leadership visioning and professional learning plans.
Furthermore, with the APD program, there is the opportunity to become an Apple certified teacher, designed by and for the educators showing how Apple technology drastically improves the learning environment, with interactive and handpicked materials, lesson ideas, and inspiration from other educators.


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Under the SCS–007 Certification Standard for Jewelry Sustainability – Sustainability Rated Diamonds, producers are committed to reducing their carbon footprint. They take active measures to improve efficiencies in energy and operations. Reducing these impacts is a vital component of sustainability. The carbon footprint that remains is then balanced out each year through investments in renewable energy or other climate mitigation initiatives.
In addition to reducing its own climate change impacts and those of its supply chain, the producer can further reduce its carbon footprint and make progress toward net zero in two ways:
In some cases, these measures might also result in measurable co-benefits (i.e., reduced adverse impacts) in other diamond life-cycle impact categories, such as improved air quality and better health outcomes for the local population.
Sustainability Rated Diamonds are tracked through a verified origin traceability process that provides 99.9% accuracy of the origin of each diamond through its entire chain of custody, from producer to point of sale.
Each diamond is certified to adhere to twelve core ethical principles aligned to the strictest internationally recognized norms of business integrity.
Sustainability Rated Diamond producers are committed to the principle of doing no harm to humans or environment, and are actively working to avoid, eliminate or offset any impacts that might be associated with the production process.
Sustainability Rated Diamond producers invest in efforts that not only improve their own operations and supply chains, but also in projects that help communities and protect climate and the environment.


How do heat and cold affect magnetism?
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belarafon | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Educator Emeritus
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Magnetism is affected by temperature in different ways. Magnetism relies on the alignment of atoms, with each atom having its magnetic spin in the same direction. This is more pronounced in a solid material, since the atoms are locked in a rigid structure and their spin is controlled by that structure. Heating the material will allow the atoms more thermal energy, increasing their movement; the more they move, the less they are lined up and so the magnetic forces become weaker. At a specific point, called the Curie Temperature, the material's atoms will become so dissociated that the magnetic forces vanish entirely; since the atoms can no longer align themselves, they can't put out enough of a magnetic force to be noticeable. Conversely, low temperatures (cold) can increase the power of a magnet, since low temperature means that there is less energy in the atoms, and they are more solidly locked into their position in the material.
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nessus | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Adjunct Educator
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Below the Curie point some materials recover. For certain lanthanides ~ 300centigrade. They get magnetic again.
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sararyder | Middle School Teacher | eNotes Newbie
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Temperature can affect a magnet by causing something called Curie point or temperature. At a high temperature (varies by substance) a material can no longer hold magnetic properties because you have added too much Kinetic energy by heating and the substance will no longer hold a magnetic crystalline structure.
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In Kalambaka, the most ancient technical project
The most ancient technical project of Greece, probably in the world, is found in the Theopetra cave of Kalambaka and is 23,000 years old. It is a stone wall that had been constructed in the entrance of the cave, blocking its entrance by 2/3. This construction -stone pile to be precisewas studied and dated by the "Democritus" center, which presented yesterday the results. The age coincides precisely with the coldest period of the last glacial age, suggesting that the Paleolithic inhabitants of the cave had constructed this wall at its entrance to protect themselves from the harsh cold of the times.
Remnants of fire, tools made of pyritolithus (?) and quartz, early jewellery from deerteeth, stone implements and ceramics have come to light in the prehistoric cave of Theopetra during the excavations conducted by Dr. Nina Kyparissi-Apostolika for 25 years, ephor of Palaeoanthropology and Speleology of southern Greece of the Ministry of Culture. Human skeletons have been rarely discovered. On the contrary, there are many animal bones from all periods during which the cave was in use. Of interest are finds from the Mesolithic age related to ceramic production and cultivation. There is barley, wheat, and lentil in wild (Paleolithic age) form, but also as cultivars, which suggests that these people had discovered cultivation as the result of millennia-long efforts and not as the result of population movements from the Near East.
March 28, 2010
World's oldest technical project in Kalambaka
My translation of parts of the article in the Vima which appears to be the most informative source for the new discoveries:


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Volcanic eruptions are generally viewed as agents of destruction, yet they provide the parent materials from which some of the most productive soils in the world are formed. The high productivity results from a combination of unique physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. The importance and uniqueness of volcanic ash soils are exemplified by the recent establishment of the Andisol soil order in Soil Taxonomy. This book provides the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of volcanic ash soils in a single volume. It contains in-depth coverage of important topics including terminology, morphology, genesis, classification, mineralogy, chemistry, physical properties, productivity and utilization. A wealth of data (37 tables, 81 figures, and Appendix) mainly from the Tohoku University Andisol Data Base is used to illustrate major concepts. Twelve color plates provide a valuable visual-aid and complement the text description of the world-wide distribution for volcanic ash soils.
This volume will serve as a valuable reference for soil scientists, plant scientists, ecologists and geochemists interested in biogeochemical processes occurring in soils derived form volcanic ejecta.
Volcanic Ash Soils, 1st Edition
Plates. Preface. Acknowledgements. The Authors. 1. Terminology, Concepts and Geographic Distribution of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Terminology. Central concepts. Geographic distribution of volcanic ash soils. 2. Morphology of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Morphological characteristics. Examples of profile morphology. 3. Genesis of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Formation of Andisols. Transition of Andisols to other soil orders. 4. Classification of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Classification of Andisols. Classification of Andisols in the FAO/Unesco Soil Map of the World. National classifications of volcanic ash soils. 5. Mineralogical Characteristics of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Volcanic ash as a parent material. Colloidal constituents common to volcanic ash soils. Formation and transformation of colloidal constituents. 6. Chemical Characteristics of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Inorganic constituents. Organic constituents. Metal humus complexes. Physico-chemical properties. 7. Physical Characteristics of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Soil color. Soil texture. Soil structure. Soil consistence. Bulk density and porosity. Water retention and plant available water. Water permeability. Irreversible changes in soil physical properties with drying. 8. Productivity and Utilization of Volcanic Ash Soils.
Introduction. Soil productivity. Chemical properties relating to soil productivity. Physical properties relating to soil productivity. Utilization and management of volcanic ash soils in Japan. Appendix 1.
Description and selected properties of Tsukuba soil, Findley Lake soil, Abashiri soil, and Yunodai soil. Appendix 2.
Andisol TU database. Appendix 3.
Selected thermodynamic data and uncertainties used in modeling mineral stability relationships in Fig. 5.12. Appendix 4.
Reactions and equilibrium constants (25°C) used modeling stability relationships in Fig. 5.12. References Index. Subject Index.


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In this course you have learned of the importance of being compassionate and of controlling negative emotions like anger and hatred that can cloud one's vision and better judgment. Our underlying premise has been that doing so helps improve the world. True compassion — a sense of concern for others that stems from feelings of equality with them — the Dalai Lama says, drives peace.
An ethic of compassion contributes to an "inner disarmament." In concert with a sense of universal responsibility compassion can help people get along and eventually lead to world peace. Without inner disarmament, it is very difficult to achieve genuine, lasting world peace.
In this lesson we look briefly at the issues of non-violence, peace and disarmament from the perspective of universal responsibility and personal ethics.


text: Purpose: The goal of this project was to develop practical strategies for preventing building-related symptoms in office buildings, based on the experience of those who investigate buildings with health complaints, and suitable for use by those who own, lease, or manage office space. Design/methodology/approach: Ideas from six experienced building investigators on primary causes and key prevention strategies were gathered and prioritized through consensus and voting in a structured, multi-day workshop. Findings: IEQ investigators from diverse climatic regions agreed on the most important problems causing symptom complaints in office buildings, and the key strategies for prevention. The top ranked problems identified were, in priority order: excessive building moisture, inadequate outdoor air, excessive dust, pollutant gases and odors, inadequate thermal control, and inadequate attention by management to indoor environments. The highest priority recommended prevention strategies for building-related symptoms were: managing moisture at building exteriors, operating ventilation systems per design intent, providing at least the minimum recommended ventilation rates, and maintaining indoor temperatures at 72 degrees degrees F+/-2 degrees (22 degrees C+/-1 degree). Available scientific findings were generally consistent with these recommendations. Research limitations/implications: Validity of these findings, from a subjective synthesis of empirical knowledge, not from scientific research, has not yet been scientifically confirmed. Practical implications: These recommendations, including managing moisture at building exteriors, providing adequate ventilation, and controlling indoor thermal conditions, provide practical, empirically based guidelines for those who own, manage, or maintain office buildings. Originality/value: The empirical knowledge of practitioners, concentrated and synthesized here, offers more direct guidance for health-protective strategies in office buildings than current science.


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SAHEL WEATHER AND CROP SITUATION REPORTGlobal Information and Early Warning System on food and agriculture
Report No.1 - 18 June 2002
Click on one country or its name to consult the situation of this country
You can also look at the film of the rainy season in Western Africa and the Sahel.
The rainy season started in late April or May in southern Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and the extreme south-east of Senegal; seasonably dry conditions prevail in the rest of Senegal, Cape Verde, The Gambia and Mauritania. The start of the rainy season is delayed in Guinea Bissau, which may seriously affect crop production as the growing season in this country usually starts in late April/early May. Satellite imagery for the first dekad of June confirms the rainfall pattern.
Land preparation and plantings are in progress following the onset of the rains. Dry planting is also underway in Mauritania. Seed availability problems are likely in Mauritania and Cape Verde following the 2001 reduced harvest and the unseasonable heavy rains in early January, and in Guinea Bissau as a result of the delayed rains.
The pest situation is calm. A few Desert Locusts were reported in early May
in a few places in Mali and Mauritania.
BURKINA FASO CAPE-VERDE CHAD GAMBIA GUINEA-BISSAU
MALI MAURITANIA NIGER SENEGAL


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Compare two files.
The cmp utility compares two files of any type and writes the results to the standard output. By default, cmp is silent if the files are the same; if they differ, the byte and line number at which the first difference occurred is reported.
Syntax cmp [option..] file1 [file2 [skip1 [skip2]]] Options -b --print-bytes Print differing bytes. -i SKIP --ignore-initial=SKIP Skip the first SKIP bytes of input. -i SKIP1:SKIP2 --ignore-initial=SKIP1:SKIP2 Skip the first SKIP1 bytes of FILE1 and the first SKIP2 bytes of FILE2. -l --verbose Output byte numbers and values of all differing bytes. -n LIMIT --bytes=LIMIT Compare at most LIMIT bytes. -s --quiet --silent Output nothing; yield exit status only. -v --version Output version info. --help Output help.
skip1 and skip2 are the number of bytes to skip in each file. SKIP values may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1,000,000, M 1,048,576, GB 1,000,000,000, G 1,073,741,824, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
The offset is decimal by default, but may be expressed as a hex or octal value by preceding it with a leading '0x' or '0'.
info diff will return full examples for both diff and cmp
If a File is - or missing, read from standard input.
cmp exits with one of the following values:
0 The files are identical.
1 The files are different; this includes the case where one file is identical to the first part of the other. In the latter case, if the -s option has not been specified, cmp writes to standard output that EOF was reached in the shorter file (before any differences were found).
>1 An error occurred.
"First rate people hire other first rate people. Second rate people hire third rate people. Third rate people hire fifth rate people" - André Weil
diff - Display the differences between two files
cmp man page - Apple.com
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Hospital resident Edwin Chaves in a surgery room for the burnt and infected. Photo by Nicolás Van Hemelryck
It was once hailed as one of the most important hospitals in Latin America. The world's first vaccine for malaria, the first valve to treat hydrocephalus, and the first kangaroo mother care program to prevent the death of premature newborns were all developed at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Bogota. Yet today, this massive hospital complex in the centre of Colombia's capital lies in ruins, inhabited by former employees whose salaries were never paid when it shut down 11 years ago.
The San Juan de Dios Hospital was a public hospital founded in 1723 on orders from King Philip V of Spain. It was home to the country's first university hospital, and its first surgery was performed there.
However, it wasn't financially sustainable. After many years of accumulating debt, in 1999 the hospital stopped paying its employees. A group of nurses and other technical staff decided to keep running it on their own until 2003. Unable to face their own mortgages and debts, many of them moved into the sprawling complex located in Bogota's downtown, only six blocks away from the presidential palace. Today around 60 families – about 300 people – still live within the San Juan's walls, in places ranging from the surgery and incubator rooms to the psychiatric ward.
The hospital's current debt, for which the national government is responsible, is estimated at 929 million euros. Bogota's recently elected mayor, Gustavo Petro, pledged during his campaign to reopen the hospital as part of his plan to renovate the city centre. Even though neither the hospital's debt or its facilities fall inside the city's jurisdiction, he has been the first public officer in over a decade to seriously discuss the possibility of re-opening it it.
"To this day none of the hospital's former employees have been officially fired, nor have they received severance pay. They are there, waiting"
Nicolás Van Hemelryck is an architect and photographer who has dedicated his free time during the past two years to documenting the state of the San Juan de Dios Hospital.
My sister, who studied medicine, would always talk about the San Juan de Dios. She was very enthusiastic about doing her internship there, but when she was in the middle of her degree the hospital shut down. My grandmother had also worked there as a nurse decades ago.
Because of this family history I had a notion of how important the hospital was and when I discovered it in this state two years ago, it was a devastating blow. It isn't a medical centre in the middle of the jungle, but one located within the heart of the city and one that operated since before the country's independence.
All the contributions that Colombia has made to world medicine have come from the San Juan. Popular belief used to be that if you died at the San Juan de Dios, you would go directly to heaven. Because of this, people would flock there to die and many of them would include it in their wills. The Hacienda El Salitre, historically one of Bogota's largest estates, was bequeathed to the San Juan. The land where the National University, the Simón Bolívar metropolitan park, the US Embassy and the entire Ciudad Salitre neighbourhood stand today all belonged to this estate. However, the proceeds from these sales were administered by other government entities and never allocated to the hospital.
"Many former employees lost their houses and moved into the hospital"
Once the hospital officially shut down in 2001, a group of employees decided to keep it in operation. They organised free health brigades and kept the San Juan functioning in a very precarious way for almost six years, without electricity or running water. As time passed, their hopes to see it reopen became dimmer and dimmer. Many of them lost their houses and moved into the hospital. They all lost their health insurance and several of them have been straddled with debt as their family members became ill.
What strikes me most about the San Juan is that it could be such a lovely place to live in. It is right in the heart of the city, and most of its buildings were architectural landmarks at some point. It is dotted with parks and playgrounds. Ironically, the state in which it is right now and the appalling conditions in which these families live make it quite the opposite of lovely.
Post written with freelance journalist Andrés Bermúdez Liévano.
All photos by our Observer Nicolás Van Hemelryck. See more here.
View of the hospital complex.
Hospital residents Rigoberto, Edelmira and Marlén with visitors, inside the San Lucas Pavilion for the burnt and infected.
An abandoned ambulance.
Hospital resident Gustavo Segura, standing among incubators at the hospital's Maternity Center.
Brothers Victor and Edwin Chaves, in the San Lucas Pavilion for the burnt and infected.
Main entrance to one of the older buildings.
An elderly resident gets her hair cut in the yard of the mental health ward.


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EDUCATION GOALS OF AMERICA'S GOVERNORS
1. By the year 2000, all children in America will start school ready to learn. 2. By the year 2000, the high school graduation rate will increase to at least 90 percent.Skip to next paragraph
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3. By the year 2000, American students will leave grades four, eight, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter including English, mathematics, science, history, and geography. In addition, every school in America will ensure that all students learn to use their minds well, so they may be prepared for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment in our modern economy.
4. By the year 2000, US students will be first in the world in mathematics and science achievement.
5. By the year 2000, every adult American will be literate and will possess the knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a global economy and exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
6. By the year 2000, every school in America will be free of drugs and violence and will offer a disciplined environment conducive to learning.
Adopted Feb. 25, 1990, by the National Governors' Association.


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Práticas pedagógicas interculturais de docentes na Educação Básica e no Ensino Superior: análise da produção acadêmica brasileira
Barbosa, Ana Maria da Silva
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The theme of this research is related to teachers' intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic and Higher Education, considering the problem involving the inequality present in schools - especially public ones - and the following need for the development of such practices. The question of the research is: how is the Brazilian academic production on interculturality configured in the pedagogical practices of teachers who work in both Basic and Higher Education? Thus, the general objective delimited is: to analyze the relations between interculturality and teaching in the pedagogical practices of Basic and Higher Education teachers, by carrying out a bibliographic survey of the Brazilian academic production available in journals in the educational field. The specific objectives established are: to investigate what has been published about the intercultural pedagogical practices of teachers in Basic Education and Higher Education; and to verify which contributions the analysis of intercultural pedagogical practices offers for the construction of new perspectives of work with intercultural education in the contexts of Basic and Higher Education. The theoretical framework is supported by humanizing education and interculturality theories. After collecting data from Brazilian journals in the field of Education, selected from pre-established descriptors, the corpus of the research analysis was composed of 8 articles considered "core" (about 33% of the selected articles), among them, only three dealt with intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic Education and five in Higher Education. The remaining 16 articles discussed: theoretical and conceptual approach on intercultural pedagogical practices; intercultural practices developed with artistic groups; and intercultural practices carried out in commercial relations between the indigenous community and the non-indigenous collective organization. It was verified that the initiatives with intercultural pedagogical practices present elements that can benefit and enhance the implementation of teaching practices that value cultural differences. In this aspect, the relationship between interculturality and teaching can be announced positively when relating to the presence and articulation of the contents domains, methodologies, and sensibility in the teaching practices addressed in the articles - theoretical categories which we used to accomplish the analyses. Regarding the contents, the respect for the students' knowledge was a constant; regarding the methodologies, we noticed that they were not based on "talking about", but always involved acting with the students from their realities and thinking about this action; as for the sensibility, it was analyzed that the articles did not offer subsidies to discuss the sensibility as to the principle that the teachers need to be committed with the learning of all students; it (sensibility) was always found in its relation with the contents and the methodologies. We also presented the contributions that the results provided regarding the reflection on teaching practices based on the valorization and dialogue between different cultures, indicating pedagogical possibilities concerning the relationship between interculturality and teaching.
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Buriadiaceae is a family of plants that existed in the Carboniferous to Permian. Were vascular plants that reproduce by seed and had only the type species Buriadia heterophylla, who originated the family.
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