text:
Stefan Stockli, Elissa R. Ettinger, Niek E. Vanquathem BA.
Background: Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve provides control of burning pain and severe allodynia in the anterolateral thigh at the right side.
Objective: To assess analgesic effects of a minimally invasive wireless neuromodulation in the treatment of chronic pain due to Meralgia Paresthetica.
Case Summary: A patient presented with burning pain and severe allodynia in the right anterolateral thigh, and was subsequently diagnosed with Meralgia Paresthetica. The patient's problems began with arthroscopy of the knee for cruciate ligament repair and several debridements following that. Thereafter, he developed infection, empyema, and life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis. In 2015, he had adhesiolysis of the femoral cutaneous nerve by a hand surgeon resulting in one year relief of pain, and thereafter, recurring pain. Other previous therapies attempted include: cryoablation of the femoral cutaneous nerve; repeated ultrasound-guided femoral cutaneous nerve blocks; physiotherapy; and medications including tramadol, paracetamol, acemetacin, tapentadol, pregabalin, lidocaine patch, and trimipramin. Patient was deemed a suitable candidate for a minimally invasive neuromodulation procedure. One subcutaneous electrode was inserted approximately 20 cm below the groin in the anterior thigh on the right side, and placed on the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
Results: The procedure was uneventful, and pain scores (NRS) reduced from a 10 out of 10 before stimulation to a 0 while applying stimulation at 3-months follow-up.
Conclusions: Subcutaneous placement of electrodes with a minimally invasive technique and wireless technology was safe and effective. Significant improvements in pain relief ensued at the three-month follow-up with no adverse events.View pdf


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People who have not owned forestry or agricultural land can often find it hard to visualise what an acre looks like. This is an attempt to help you visualise how big an area one acre is.
An acre measures an area of land and is about 70 yards by 70 yards, which means about 4,900 square yards (or roughly 44,000 square feet).
A typical football pitch is about 110 yards by about 70 yards (the rules allow some flexibility in the size) so that a pitch covers about one and a half acres of field or, including the immediately surrounding land that goes with it, the football pitch takes up about 2 acres.
Another way to visualise one acre is as the area in which you could park about 150 cars. A typical supermarket, excluding the car park, covers about 0.6 of an acre (about 26,000 square feet).
A 9 acre woodland might be only equivalent to about 6 football pitches, but it will usually appear bigger than that for various reasons: you can't see across it and a wood will have bumps and dips and other features, but the main thing is that a forest is three-dimensional. The trees give the extra dimension which makes a woodland so much more interesting and so much richer in biodiversity, and make it seem much bigger.
The other measurement often used for surface area is the metric measure – hectares. A hectare is precisely 100 metres by 100 metres and is much larger than an acre. About 2.47 acres make up one hectare, so an acre is only about 40% of the size of a hectare. One reason that acres, rather than hectares, are used in the UK is that, being a smaller measure, you get more of them in a given piece of land and it is easier to remember a round number of acres than a hectare measurement with a decimal point. However, one advantage of using hectares is that more detailed maps use grid lines where the distance between the lines is equivalent to 100 metres. The result of this is that each square covers exactly one hectare or approximately two and a half acres.
If you are trying to measure in approximate terms an acre of woodland you can pace it out as about 80 paces by 80 paces, though in woodlands people often take shorter paces so 70 yards may take more like 90 paces.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Orthodox Jewish man with untrimmed beard and Pe'ot
|Halakhic texts relating to this article:|
|Babylonian Talmud:||Makkot 20a|
|Mishneh Torah:||Avodath Kokhavim 12:6|
|Shulchan Aruch:||Yoreh Deah 181|
|* Not meant as a definitive ruling. Some observances may be rabbinical, custom or Torah-based.|
Payot (also pe'ot, peyot, payos, peyos; Hebrew: singular,פֵּאָה ;plural,פֵּאוֹת) is the Hebrew word for sidelocks or sidecurls. Payot are worn by some men and boys in the Orthodox Jewish community based on an interpretation of the Biblical injunction against shaving the "corners" of one's head. Literally, pe'ah means corner, side or edge. There are different styles of payot among Haredi, Yemenite, and Hasidic Jews. Yemenite Jews call their sidelocks simonim Hebrew: סִימָנִים, literally signs, because their long curled sidelocks served as a distinguishing feature in Yemenite society (distinguishing them from their non-Jewish neighbors).
Rabbinical interpretation
The Torah says, "You shall not round off the פְּאַת Pe'at of your head" (Leviticus 19:27). The word Pe'at was taken to mean the hair in front of the ears extending to beneath the cheekbone, on a level with the nose (Talmud - Makkot 20a). The Mishnah interpreted the regulation as applying only to men. Thus it became the custom in certain circles to allow the hair over the ears to grow, and hang down in curls or ringlets. According to Maimonides, shaving the sidelocks was a heathen practice. There is considerable discussion in the halachic literature as to the precise location of the payot and of the ways in which their removal is prohibited.
As kabbalistic teachings spread into Slavonic lands, the custom of payot became accepted. In 1845 the practice was banned in the Russian Empire. In the Crimea, Crimean Karaites did not wear payot, and the Crimean Tatars consequently referred to them as zulufsız çufutlar, meaning Jews without payot, to distinguish them from the Krymchaks, referred to as zuluflı çufutlar, meaning Jews with payot. Many Hasidic and Yemenite Jews let their sidelocks grow particularly long. Some Haredi men grow sidelocks, but keep them short or tuck them behind the ears. Even among Jewish groups in which the men do not wear noticeable payot, often the young boys do wear them until around the age of Bar Mitzvah.
- Belz - The Belz Hasidim are careful to never trim their payot; rather, they wrap their sidelocks around their ears as many times as necessary.
- Breslov - Rabbi Nachman of Breslov wore long twisted locks. This custom is followed by many Breslover Hasidim today. However, others wear their payot in different styles in line with the teaching of Rabbi Nachman that his followers should not have a uniform garb.
- Chabad-Lubavitch - The Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidim's payot are not evident but exist. So long as there is hair around the ear and behind it that can be plucked out, that is considered payot.
- Ger - Some Gerer Hasidim raise their sidelocks from the temples and tuck them under their yarmulke. Others, especially in Israel, let them hang down.
- Skver - The Skver Hasidim twist their sidelocks into a tight coil, and leave them protruding in front of the ear.
- Yemenite - Some traditional Yemenite Jews still wear distinctive long and thin twisted locks, often reaching to the upper arm. The actual area where the hair grows and where the ringlet begins is neat and tidy.
Most other Hasidic groups wear their payot down and curled.
The Lithuanian Jews were less influenced by Kabbalistic practises, but still retain sidelocks to a degree, in a small number of variant styles:
- Lithuanian - The Lithuanian Jews often cut their sidelocks, but leave a bunch of strands uncut, and place them behind the ear; this style is most commonly found among yeshiva students, who sometimes remove the uncut strands when they have grown sideburns.
- Brisk – The Brisk movement brush their hair straight down, usually so that it reaches to the ear lobe; sometimes, some of the sidelock is not cut, and is curled back behind the ear.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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BPS District Social Emotional Learning Book
The ability to successfully regulate one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in different situations effectively managing stress, controlling impluses, and motivating oneself. The ability to set and work toward personal and academic goals.
- IC Impluse Control
- SM Stress Management
- SD Self-Discipline
- S-M Self-Management
- GS Goal Setting
- OS Organizational Skills
Students will be able to...
- SEL-K2.S-M.1ic Demonstrate self-control in a variety of settings.
- SEL-K2.S-M.2sm Define stress.
- SEL-K2.S-M.3sd Identify what it means to be responsible and list personal responsibilities.
- SEL-K2.S-M.4s-m Utilize self-talk for the purpose of self-motivation.
- SEL-K2.S-M.5gs Identify goals for academic success and classroom behavior.
- SEL-K2.S-M.6os Utilize prescribed routines to understand physical and mental organizational strategies.
- SEL-EL.S-M.1ic Apply self-monitoring strategies to regulate emotions.
- SEL-EL.S-M.2sm Identify personal stressors.
- SEL-EL.S-M.3sd Display consistent behaviors to meet personal responsibilities.
- SEL-EL.S-M.4s-m Identify internal and/or external motivating factors in a variety of situations.
- SEL-EL.S-M.5gs Apply a goal setting process to work toward goal achievement (e.g. SMART).
- SEL-EL.S-M.6os Identify strategies for planning, prioritizing and managing time.
- SEL-MS.S-M.1ic Explain possible outcomes of expressing emotions in a various way.
- SEL-MS.S-M.2sm Apply stress management strategies.
- SEL-MS.S-M.3sd Display endurance when facing adversity for the purpose of personal growth.
- SEL-MS.S-M.4s-m Display indicators of a growth mindset.
- SEL-MS.S-M.5gs Create and monitor personal and academic goals to meet identified needs.
- SEL-MS.S-M.6os Apply strategies for planning, prioritizing and managing time.
- SEL-HS.S-M.1ic Apply strategies to mitigate personal response to different levels of emotions.
- SEL-HS.S-M.2sm Create a long term plan for stress management throughout the lifespan.
- SEL-HS.S-M.3sd Consistently apply strategies for working hard in challenging settings.
- SEL-HS.S-M.4s-m Apply strategies for developing and maintaining a growth mindset. S-M
- SEL-HS.S-M.5gs Create a plan for monitoring progress toward personal and academic short and long-term goal achievement.
- SEL-HS.S-M.6os Create a plan for planning, prioritizing and managing time independently to maximize efficiency.


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After inputting the number from the user, set a variable V to zero. Loop over each digit from right to left and multiply V by 10, add the character code from the input and subtract the character code for '0'. This is because '0'-'9' are consecutive in the characterset, so '5'-'0'=5.
For the hex output, loop over V from left to right and get the byte value. Divide by 16 to get the upper 4 bits. If the resulting value is between 0 and 9 then add '0' and display the result. If the value is between 10 and 15 then add 'a' and subtract 10, and display the result. Then get the byte value again and AND it with 15 to get the lower 4 bits, and display the value in the same way as the upper 4.
For the binary output, loop over V from left to right and get the byte value Y. Initialise a bitmask variable B to 128 and AND this with Y. If the result is zero, display '0', otherwise display '1'. Divide B by 2 and repeat for the 6th binary digit. Keep dividing B by 2 and displaying bits until B=0. Then go onto the next byte value, reinitialise B to 128 and continue until you're done.


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Attentions of Putty Powder in Summer Construction
Industry News
Release time：
2020/07/15 13:57
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Into the June, the weather gradually hot, the sun also began to vicious up, walking on the road to the suburbs, roadside large golden fields of wheat, bursts of dry wind blowing over, wheat undulating rustling. Full of the ears of the spike son, as if bent waist respectful humility waiting to reap that moment, at this point in the distance has been faintly heard the roar of the Harvester, peasant friends on the scorching sun hard laborer. At this time, we as building materials industry to withstand the hot sun successfully through the summer putty powder construction. Hot and humid weather in summer.
Improper construction will bring about the influence of putty powder, how is the correct way of construction in summer?
First: Putty construction environment is the temperature in 5-35 ℃, air humidity is less than 85%, humidity is less than 10%.
Summer exposure, the temperature is too high, not only the substrate is easy to dry, water absorption fast, the strong solar light will also accelerate the putty powder evaporation speed. So that the surface of the putty after the construction of drying too fast, the emergence of skin, powder and the phenomenon of cracking after the batch.
High-temperature drying environment, you can use the Wall interface agent to close the substrate, or in the putty before the construction, two hours in advance with water moist wall, putty layer completely dry and then sprinkle water conservation.
1. according to the proposal to add water stirring, static 10 minutes after the ripening of stirring again;
2. has been allocated good putty powder in two hours of the proposal to run out;
3. avoid high-temperature environment and strong direct sunlight under the construction.
Secondly: the water content of the grassroots is 10%; no powder, no sand, no empty drums, no stripping, no lime burst point and no adhesion of the old coating, etc. surface no dust, no flotation, no oil, no rust, no mold point, no salts precipitate and moss and other miscellaneous.


Iran Politics Club
Meaning of Faravahar
Website For Thinking Iranians
Back to index Meaning of Faravahar,
Derafsh Kaviani and Persian Colors
Meaning of Faravahar, Derafsh Kaviani and Persian Colors
Ahreeman X
May 12, 2007
I wrote this document a long ago, when we started the IPC, but recently, I have revised and updated it.
Derafsh Kaviani (The Mythical History)
The mythical history of Iran and Shahnameh by Ferdowsi takes Derafsh Kaviani back to the ancient times of Kianian Era. Kaveh the Ironsmith torn his leather shirt and put it on a spear-top, risen it in the sky and this is how Derafsh Kaviani started its existence. Kaveh became the symbol of revolutionaries and started a revolt against the Tazi (Arab) King Zahak, who occupied Iran. This rebellion expanded to a full blown revolution and ended up in Fereydoun (The Iranian King) of Kiani Dynasty to eliminate Zahak and for Iranians to once more rule Iran. Of course some historians report that Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is inspired by actual history. Some believe that Zahak represents Astiak (Azhidahak) the Median King and Fereydoun is actually Cyrus The Great, starter of the Achaemenid Dynasty. The problem with this theory is that Meds were Persian (Iranian) and not Arabs!
Then there is the theory that Kaveh was actually based on "Yaqub Leis Saffarid" the liberator of Iran who kicked the Arab Caliph (supposedly Zahak) out of Iran and revived the Iranian rule of Saffarids (Fereydoun's Kiani Dynasty's rule).
Theories are many, but even thought Shahnameh is inspired by true history, yet it is not the actual history of Iran. Shahnameh is a great epical book but it is far from actual history. Kiani Dynasty could have been a dynasty in Pre-Median Iran or it could be Saffarids; however, either way, the details do not match the actual history. It seems like Ferdowsi mixed and matched various eras of the Persian History to create Shahnameh. Great epic, yet not actual history indeed.
Derafsh Kaviani (The Actual History)
According to the historical evidence, so far we can date the Derafsh Kaviani all the way back to the Pre-Avesta Era (850 BC - 728 BC) and The Kingdom Era (728 BC - 559 BC).
For more information, review:
Pictorial History of Iranian Flags
The Derafsh at those times, was in its primitive form. Later on it had evolved to its Sassanid form.
The Original Derafsh Kaviani
Derafsh Kaviani (The Sassanid Era)
The Sassanid Derafsh Kaviani (224 AD - 651 AD) was supposedly originated from the torn leather shirt of Kaveh; therefore, it was made of leather.
The Sassanid Version of Derafsh Kaviani
The Derafsh had evolved to 7 meter long and 5 meter wide and each Sassanid Shahanshah used to add a few more precious stones to the Derfsh. As we see, the Derafsh was reported to have been made from the Panther Skin. Derafsh was a square piece of valuable and fine crafted Panther Skin Leather placed on a spear. The tip of the spear was clearly visible on top of the banner. The pattern on the banner was a large star with a central circle and four pieces of diamond, oval or paisley shaped wings on four sides of the central circle. On top of this large star was also placed another small star represented by another circle (Ferdowsi states it as "Akhtar Kaviani"). Four sides of this banner was designed with precious shreds of gold and silver thread fabrics and silk. At the bottom of the banner there were four roots in form of sashes. These sashes were made of precious fabrics such as silk, satin and other shiny textile material, each containing various numbers of precious stones along the body and end-piece of it. These sashes were in yellow, purple, red and white fabrics. There were jewels all over the banner stitched in the leather. These jewels were of large size pieces and extremely valuable. These pieces were consisting of diamonds, emeralds, rubies, turquoise, onyx, amethyst, and other precious stones. Each Shahanshah of Sassanid used to ad more jewels and patterns to the Derafsh.
Pattern of Derafsh Kaviani
Derafsh was often carried and risen in battles by Commander in Chief of the Persian Forces and mainly Arteshbod (General) Rostam Farokhzad.
After the Arab victory and establishment of the first AIOG (Arabo-Islamic Occupational Government), Arabo-Muslim had captured the Derafsh. Omar the Arab Caliph was simply amazed by the glory and value of this banner. Omar wanted to keep the Derafsh intact; however, Ali, Amir al Mo'menin (the 4th Caliph of Rashedin and the 1st Shiite Imam) who was at the time, in charge of the loots and logistics of the Mesopotamian region (Khashtarah or State of Ctesiphone), strictly ordered the Arabs to snatch and rip all the valuable stones off the Derafsh and then to further insult Iranians, Ali ordered his troops to burn the Derafsh Kaviani. By burning Derafsh Kaviyani, Ali in fact destroyed centuries of Persian Tradition, Culture and History. Ali despised Iranians.
Nowdays, we hear all kinds of garbage from Shiite Mullahs and Iranian Seyeds, Half-Breeds and Iranian Muslim (Persian Traitors), that Ali loved Iranians and Ali was the protector of Iranians! They say Ali was flawless, innocent and clean from the guilt! They put the blames for all the Arab war atrocities on Omar! In reality, Omar was an angel compare to Ali! The fact was that Ali slaughtered Iranians by thousands and he even personally beheaded a great number of Persians via his famous double edged scimitar (Shamshir-e Zolfaqar) himself! Burning the Derafsh and tearing the Mighty and Gigantic Baharestan Carpet in to hundreds of pieces and shipping them back to Arabia was only the tip of the iceberg amongst the War Crimes of this animal named Ali ibn al Abi Talib (Alayh al Salam) or so called the first Shiite Imam!
Iranian Shiite Muslim who worship this Arab Beast, are either ignorant to history or are simply Persian Traitors betraying their own culture by their Arab Worship!
Derafsh Kaviani (Colors)
The Central Star and the upper star were of color gold. The banner itself was also a goldish yellow color with black spots because it was made of the panther skin. The spear was a gold spear. Stones and jewels all around the banner were of various colors depending on the stone type. On the spear top were often a golden eagle placed as the symbol of the Persian Imperial Power. The sashes hanging from the banner were in yellow, purple, red and white fabrics.
Yellow = Light, wisdom, Sun, Heat
Purple = The official color of the Imperial Immortal Guards and Sassanid courthouse
Red = Persian Bravery, Blood and sacrifice
White = Peace and prosperity
Throughout the history, Derafsh Kaviyani was off and on the official banner of the Persian Empire. Derafsh Kaviani was a symbol of Persian Resistance to tyranny and a national symbol.
Persian Colors
What are the representation and meaning of the new Persian colors of Green, White, and Red of the Persian Flag?
I researched about the true tone of each color Green, White, and Red and then examined and experimented with 25 different shades of Green, 3 White, and 6 Red with html web design official colors, using the html color codes. Finally I got them right, the way they suppose to be in the original three-color flag of Iran. Here are the actual shades of the Persian Tricolor:
A Historical Flashback
Here's some background history of the flag and the history of how we ended up with the present colors.
According to Persian mythology, Kaveh was a ironsmith or a blacksmith and led a rebellion to overthrow Zahak [Azhidahak (Dragon) in ancient persian] who had reigned on Iranveyj for 1000 years. Kaveh put an end to a millennium of Zaratostrian Religion. Each millennium corresponds to a stage in the never-ending fight between Ahreeman (Ancient God of Evil) and Ahuramazda (Ancient God of Good). Although Kaveh was the winner, he was not of celestial origin, so his role in the history finishes here and Iranveyj was ruled by another king.
During his movement, Kaveh used a piece of blacksmith leather as his flag. This flag is not used nowadays but is a well-known flag in Iran and is a sign of nationalism. It is called Derafsh-e Kaviani, which means "the flag of Kaveh".
Ferdowsi, the great Persian Poet, Father of Persian Language had a crucial role in this


Efficiently avoiding saddle points with zero order methods: No gradients required
Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis, Lampros Flokas, Georgios Piliouras
We consider the case of derivative-free algorithms for non-convex optimization, also known as zero order algorithms, that use only function evaluations rather than gradients. For a wide variety of gradient approximators based on finite differences, we establish asymptotic convergence to second order stationary points using a carefully tailored application of the Stable Manifold Theorem. Regarding efficiency, we introduce a noisy zero-order method that converges to second order stationary points, i.e avoids saddle points. Our algorithm uses only $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(1 / \epsilon^2)$ approximate gradient calculations and, thus, it matches the converge rate guarantees of their exact gradient counterparts up to constants. In contrast to previous work, our convergence rate analysis avoids imposing additional dimension dependent slowdowns in the number of iterations required for non-convex zero order optimization.


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Cultivated Abundance: How We Can Build a Better Future through Transformative Technology Entrepreneurship
What does it take to build startups that fundamentally change the world? And of the startups that attempt to create this change, what separates those who succeed from those who fall short?
In Cultivated Abundance: How We Can Build a Better Future through Transformative Technology Entrepreneurship, serial entrepreneur Mihir Pershad challenges common Silicon Valley wisdom. Drawing on insights from The Good Food Institute, Effective Altruism, and Impossible Foods, Pershad argues that truly transformative startups need to follow a new playbookone that takes into account the long-term effects of their decisions.
In Cultivated Abundance, youll learn how to...
* identify a Big Intractable Problem to solve,
* develop a startup to maximize your impact on that problem, and
* increase your startups chance of success with a tried and tested methodology.
Pershad notes, What the most ambitious people do with their lives matters. Whether youre looking to tackle climate change, food scarcity, water shortages, or any other massive problem, you can use this book as a tool to create positive change in the world through entrepreneurship.
- Paperback: 386 pages
- Author: Mihir Pershad
- Product Dimensions: 13.9 x 1 x 21.5 cm


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- Age Guideline: 6 Years and Up
- Time Required: 30 minutes (Does not include drying time)
The above age and time guidelines are estimates. This project can be modified to suit other ages and may take more or less time depending on your circumstances.
Print out Belva's pattern (find it here) or use it as a guide to make your own pattern of any size. It is easy to make your own star pattern by simply drawing a equilateral triangle (all three sides are the same length), then draw a circle around that triangle, and then, using one side of the equilateral triangle, draw an isosceles triangle (two of the sides are the same length). The end design should look similar to an ice cream cone shape.
You will need to make 10 copies of the pattern. Print or draw the pattern to the wrong side of the paper (the side that will be on the inside of the star). Next, you need to cut out all of your cones
After you have all of your cones cut, fold up the edges on the 2 dotted line shown in the pattern. These 2 flaps should be folded toward the side of the paper that will be the outside of the star.
Now, using 5 of the cones to form one star shape, glue the flap 1's to the flap 2's (refer to the pattern). the glue should go on the side with the writing. This should give you a star shape that is puffed up a little in the middle! Repeat this for the other 5 cones you cut out.
Place your two stars wrong sides together and glue the isosceles triangle's together to form a 3-dimensional star. Let the glue dry completely and then use a piece of string to hang up your star!


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ERMS Implementation Project
A small team from Discovery & Delivery provided technical guidance and project management in the implementation of an electronic resource management system (ERMS) for CDL Shared Licensing and Acquisitions. The CDL ERMS uses Serials Solutions' 360 Resource Manager. A CDL implementation team led the effort from November 2008 to December 2009.
Implementation highlights included:
- Performed a risk assessment, which enabled the team to identify potential problems and to develop a shared understanding of project challenges.
- Saved time by convening expert subgroups to focus on specific problem areas such as loading & syncing data from multiple systems, and advising on workflow efficiencies moving forward.
- Co-developed a report to sync holdings between two systems to greatly reduce manually updating data in both systems.
- Developed robust workflows and defined clear ownership of tasks, which resolved ambiguities and made it easier to identify efficiencies moving forward.


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GAME DAY Youth Sports Magazine — Upstate SC - February 2012
The art of developing speed and agility
When you see an athlete with great speed or agility that image just seems to stick with you.
They just seem to glide across the court or field. Many people think these things are natural born and to a certain extent that is true. But without developing these 'God-given gifts' you'll never rise to the top of athletic success. So how do you develop the ability to blow past a person or stop on a dime?
First, let's define what speed and agility are. The strict definition of speed simply means to run to a point faster than someone else can. People think of a 40 yard sprint when you talk about speed. Most sports however are played in a much shorter window say 10 to 15 yards and require a sudden change of direction followed by a short burst of speed. That is the true essence of agility-the ability to avoid, evade, get past or get around someone.
In order to possess these abilities you must first develop body control. You know when you see it but what is it? Here is a list of the components of great body control that need to be developed in order to have speed and agility on the athletic field.
1. First, the athlete must possess great BODY AWARENESS.
Also known in the medical field as proprioception it is the ability of the nerves in your muscles, joints, ligaments and tendons to tell your brain where all the parts of your body are and how fast they are moving. This allows your brain to make the adjustments needed to balance and coordinate the body so that it moves efficiently and effectively.
This quality can be improved and trained in a variety of ways. Single leg training such as hops and leaps on one leg are a great way to improve this quality. Also your strength training should include a variety of movement patterns moving from two leg stance exercises such as squats and cleans to lunges, step ups and single leg squats.
2. Great athletes must possess the ability to ABSORB FORCE as well as produce force.
In other words you must be able to slow down before you can speed up. In order to make sharp cut the athlete has to decelerate a little in order to move along a different path before accelerating along that path. Like a race car driver must tap onto the break going into the turn before hitting the gas down the straight away.
This is trained through proper jump training. This involves first learning to stand on one leg then hop (land on the same leg) or leap (land on the opposite leg of the one you start on) and absorb the force by holding or 'sticking' the landing for several seconds. You must practice hopping and leaping in different directions i.e. to the side, forward backward and at different angles. Gradually you began to hop or leap absorbing the force and then quickly push into another direction. This takes time to perfect and usually requires a skillful coach to guide the athlete through the process and ensure that the technique is solid.
3. Great athletes get into and stray in good positions in order to be successful. This means they have the ability to RePosition the Feet in any direction around their center of mass. Learning to do this takes a lot of practice and a watchful coach to help provide feedback to the athlete while training. By rehearsing the various cutting patterns (sharp, speed, and spin) and understanding how to correctly position your body with each possible pattern you can expect to make yourself have true game speed. It is not usually who can run the fastest in a straight line but who can make the quick adjustments needed to accomplish the play.
4. Great athletes must have the proper combination of flexibility and strength. If you lack flexibility you'll have to modify your movements making them less efficient and possibly leading to injury. Without a great base of strength you will lack acceleration and the ability to handle the high forces placed on the body during competition. Both of these components are essentially for injury prevention.
As mentioned previously your strength training should include a steady diet of single leg strength and the ability to resist a high rate of force produced not only by on field collisions but by the simple fact of an athlete changing directions quickly.
Also understanding your sport and what muscles you tend to use or overuse can help you design the proper flexibility training program which should include some type of soft tissue massage using a foam roller or massage 'stick' on a daily basis.
You can see from this short list that your training needs some guidance but shouldn't be overly complicated. Having a plan that encompasses each one of these areas mentioned will go a long way toward helping each athlete reach there given potential. You can't go out a just perform a series of random drills but rather you must develop the skills it takes to get into and stay in the proper athletic positions. Are you practicing excellence or just practicing hoping for excellence?


IBM System Automation for z/OS 4.1 Architecture (SM917G)
This course introduces and explains the System Automation for z/OS (SA z/OS) components, architecture, and concepts. Focus is on the System Operations component with Processor Operations as an optional topic. It is a prerequisite for attending the operations or admin classes.
This course does not include labs.
For information about other related courses, see the IBM Security Systemseducation training paths website:
This course is designed for users of IBM System Automation for z/OS, especially operators, administrators, and system programmers. It is the required prerequisite course of all other IBM System Automation for z/OS courses and should be attended first.
Before taking this course, you should have basic skills in z/OS and NetView. You should also complete these courses:
 - IBM Tivoli NetView for z/OS 6.1 Fundamentals (TZ203G)
 - IBM Tivoli NetView for z/OS 6.1 Automation (TZ213)
The learning objectives are to get the required knowledge to attend the System Automation for z/OS operations or admin classes:
Purpose and features
Major components
Architecture and design of the System Operations component
Policy-based automation and concepts
Goal-driven automation
Describe the IBM System Automation for z/OS 4.1 Architecture
Describe the components of the product
Describe the product's automation capabilities
Describe policy-based and goal-driven automation
Describe the automation agent role and operation
Describe the automation manager role and operation
Explain the key automation concepts
Describe goal-driven automation
Explain the automation statuses and their effect on automation
Describe automation policy for applications
Describe resource dependencies and relationships
Provide an overview of application groups
Explain automation flags, threshold processing, and notify operators
Explain threshold processing for major and minor resources
List transient resource automation
List MVS automation
Describe resource relationships details
Explain the request process
List and describe factors that can influence goal-driven automation
List types and natures of application groups
Explain behavior or attributes of application groups
Describe architecture including implementation options
Explain usage and operator interface
Describe automation policy
mostrar detailes
Course Outline
IBM System Automation for z/OS 4.1 architecture
Architecture and concepts
Processor operations


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In Power BI, Top N and Bottom N are often displayed using a visual level filter and two visuals, respectively. As a result, we can only show one item at a time on top or bottom N. But, if the situation asks for slicer selection to be used to dynamically change how top and bottom N are shown in a single visual at simultaneously. DAX can help us accomplish this scenario. Let's look at how we can visualize this situation.
1. Create a measure like Total Quantity to display the total number of orders.
Total Order = COUNT(order details[order_id])
2. Create a table and generate a series in that table by using the below Dax which will be used for slicer selection.
Slicer = (GENERATESERIES(1,10))
3. Now create a measure that will be used on the visual level filter to display Top and Bottom N both in a single visual at the same time.
Top Bottom =
Var TopX= SELECTEDVALUE(Slicer[Value Selection])
Var TopRank= RANKX(ALL(pizza_types[name]),CALCULATE('Calculations'[Total Order]),,DESC)
Var BottomRank= RANKX(ALL(pizza_types[name]),CALCULATE('Calculations'[Total Order]),,ASC)
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Explanation: In the above measure
- In TopX we are taking the values which are there in the column which we created for slicer selection.
- In TopRank we are giving rank to pizza names and their Total number of orders in Descending order.
- In BottomRank we are giving rank to pizza names and their Total number of orders in Ascending order.
- Then in Result, we are putting the Condition that if TopRank is less than or equal to TopX then give the result as 1, and if BottomRank is less than or equal to TopX then give the result as -1 else give blank.
- Then we are returning the Result.
4. Now place the column in the slicer from the table in which we generated the series.
5. Now take the bar chart on canvas and drag the total orders in the value section and pizza names on X-axis and Place the Top Bottom measure in the Visual level filter, select is not blank, and apply the filter.
6. Now we want to display top orders in green and bottom orders in red then we can give conditional formatting to the visual. We need to make a measure and place it in the data color function.
Measure:> Color = SWITCH(TRUE(),
That's how we can display Top and Bottom N both in Single Visual at the same time in Power BI.
Nice blog!!! Anshika


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Michael Mills makes an interesting point in this letter to Irving, but probably not the point he wanted to make!
In a nutshell, the Hoefle Telegram and Korherr Report contain identical figures for Jews transported to the Reinhardt camps. However, Hoefle used 'zugang', which means 'influx' or 'inflow', whereas Korherr (on instruction from Himmler) changed his wording from sonderbehandlung (special treatment) to 'durchgeschleust', which means 'guided through'.
We therefore have two contradictory forms of camouflage. Hoefle camouflaged death camps as labour camps, whilst Korherr camouflaged them as transit camps.
The contradiction reveals why it is absurd of dim-witted deniers to claim that documents should be read literally. The only explanation that makes sense is that camouflage terms are being used, as the same populations of Jews could not have been simultaneously admitted as labourers and sent to the USSR because they were unfit for labour.


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How did you enjoy the decluttering activity? What was your experience going through the items in your home or living space? Did it make you think that perhaps you may need to start going through other spaces that you inhabit such as where you work or your car? I find that once I begin to experience the change and ease that comes with removing items from my space, I soon want to experience that in all areas of my life. If you feel called to perform the decluttering activity in other portions of your life do so.
Now that you have spent time with the items within your home and cleansed your space as you feel called to we will look at the ways in which energy moves about the home. Let's start with the basics, under the Chinese system of Taoism there are lies the foundation of the Ultimate as Creation/Matter/Earth in the form of a square and Heaven/Spirit/Sky as a circle that surrounds that square. That square of creation can be reduced to a broken line _ _ known as Yin. The circle can be reduced down to an unbroken line __ known as Yang. Thus we find balance through the Yin/Yang symbol.
Here we find the Yang (Heaven/Spirit/Sky/Male) represented by white and Yin (Creation/Matter/Earth/Female) represented by black. One is never without the other which is why there is always a spot of each in the other. The Yang is at the top denoting the South with Yin at the bottom signaling the North. If we then look a the concept of the lines we find that by arranging the lines representing Yin/Yang we can symbolize the 4 directions. From there we can add a third row to denote the element associated with that direction as well. Thus we have three rows of lines featuring solid and broken lines. By adding an additional three rows we find ourselves at the IChing but that is for another day.
If you would like a more detailed explanation of the directions, elements, and energy associated with them, I implore you to see out some of the many resources that exist online, in text, or in person. Here, we'll move forward into the art of Feng Shui which utilizes understanding the flow of energy (Chi)in accordance with the system described above to design one's living space to give you optimal luck and balance. Each direction is known to assist the home in different ways. Taking these associations we can bring the nine sections of the Pah Kwa out into a square that can be divided into 9 known as the Lo Shu magic square. We can then overlay this square onto any home with the South at the top to see the energy associated there and determine what may need to be done to enhance that space.
Now that you're more familiar with the principles of Feng Shui, let's find the love portion of your home. If you can grab a house plan or draw one of your home. Using a compass ascertain the direction your house faces from the front door. Then find yourself a Pa Kua or Bagua that you can lay over your house plan matching up the south locations. From there you can determine the sections of your home. The love and relationships portion of your home is to the right of the southern wall/room. For example if your front door faces north then the back of your home would be your Fame and recognition area. To the top right of that would be your relationships/love portion of your home. Now that you know where the love portion is we'll discuss how to decorate and arrange the items in that portion of your home to bring you love and security.
Here's to some fun Feng Shui,


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PLO'S: Features ( Writing and Representing )
Uses adjectives for description and uses strategies to spell unfamiliar words.
THEME: ADJECTIVES AND KEY WORDS.
1) Listen the track U6 16, number and repeat pages 90 and 91 S1.
2) Past to the front and chose one card. This card will have a uses of the adjectives.
3) Each team will explain the uses they chose, and past in the board with post it examples.
4) Use the adjectives and the key words page 94 and make sentences in your notebook.
5) Underline with orange the adjectives, with blue the sustantives and with red the verbs.
PURPOSE: Describe using adjectives and uses strategies to spell unfamiliar ( key words ).
1) Make a Pic Collage to represent the adjectives and key words.
2) Publish in face, YouTube, blog, Twitter.
1) Answer pages 84, 85 and 93.


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Why an Indoor Bunny?
by Dana M. Krempels, Ph.D.
Every year, thousands of "Easter bunnies" are taken home, played
with for a few hours and then dumped in a hutch to be forgotten for
most of the rest of their lives. Not all hutch bunnies get proper
care, and many of those "Easter bunnies" die before they reach the age
of one year. Here are some ways you can avoid the health problems so
often seen in bunnies forced to live outdoors in Florida or other
areas where summer temperatures are very high.
SIZE OF THE CAGE
A rabbit needs at least four hours per day of running time inside the
house or in a fenced yard, supervised by a human to prevent attack by
predators. Our house rabbits are often never caged, but if you find
it necessary to keep your rabbit confined while you are away, then be
sure the cage is at least 3' x 4' on the floor dimensions, and at
least 2' high, so the rabbit can comfortably stand on her haunches to
look around. Large breeds (more than 6 lbs.) need an even larger
hutch to be comfortable and healthy.
DEALING WITH THE HEAT
Here in Miami where the summer weather often means 95+ (Farenheit) and
95%+ humidity, rabbits in outdoor hutches die in droves. The domestic
rabbit is the same species as the European rabbit; it is not related
to our wild rabbits. Domestic rabbits are not physiologically
equipped to handle temperatures any higher than about 78 degrees
Farenheit. When it gets hotter than that, the bunny *must* be brought
indoors where there is air conditioning.
Placing a fan near the bunny will not help. Since rabbits cannot
sweat, they cannot benefit from the evaporation cooling that humans
enjoy when the wind blows on their sweat.
If the rabbit absolutely *cannot* come indoors, you must place the
hutch in a very shaded area where the sun *never* shines directly on
the bunny. Even a half hour in the direct Florida sun can be fatal.
When the temperature rises above 78 degrees Farenheit, place a plastic
milk jug filled with frozen water (keep a few of these in the freezer
and rotate them into the cage) in the hutch so that the bunny can
rest against it to keep cool, and also be able to get away from it if
he feels cool enough.
THE DANGER OF PREDATORS
Most people don't realize that there is *no such thing* as a hutch
that is safe from predators. No matter how sturdy the cage may be, a
tenacious raccoon can grab an exposed toe and proceed to chew off a
foot or leg of the rabbit trapped inside.
Sometimes, even the *sight* of a predator can stress a rabbit so badly
that she dies of a heart attack, since she knows she has no where to
run or escape.
It is thus vitally important to keep the bunny indoors, safe from
predators, *especially at night* when most predators are active.
GENERAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
The sad truth is that rabbits living outdoors simply can't be
constantly monitored for the small changes in behavior that can
signal health problems. Being prey items, rabbits tend to hide their
symptoms until they are very sick, indeed. If they live indoors with
you, you can monitor them very well, and because you become familiar
with their behavior patterns, you will notice if they are the
slightest bit "off." Even not eating for one day or hunching quietly
in an unusual resting place can signify that something is terribly
wrong with your rabbit. If this happens, do NOT WAIT for the
condition to get worse. If a rabbit does not eat for 24 hours, it
should be considered an emergency, and you should get her to your
rabbit-experienced veterinarian immediately.
We receive far too many messages from people who write to ask why they
found their hutch bunny dead, for no apparent reason. They want to
know what happened, and how they can prevent this in the future.
Unfortunately, if the bunny was living alone in an outdoor hutch, the
owner usually has no idea of what symptoms of illness the bunny was
showing prior to death. Without this information, we cannot even
begin to guess at the multitude of possible causes of death. This
would be far less likely to happen if the bunny were living indoors
with the family. The signs of illness could be detected before the
problem became an emergency.
Leaving a bunny alone in a hutch (or even inside) is not necessarily
cruel in the sense that a hutch bunny is in physical discomfort.
However, having lived with rabbits indoors for over 15 years now, I
can say with certainty that most of them crave social interaction
and affection from their humans. They are, by nature, very social and
loving. Being stuck outside in a hutch all alone is NOT a fun life.
I would no sooner stick a bunny in an outdoor hutch all day than I
would do that to a Golden Retriever.
Rabbits deserve love and interaction with their human families.
They are not just giant gerbils or hamsters. (In fact, they are not
rodents at all!) Rabbits intelligent, sensitive and have delightfully
strong personalities. What a tragic waste of a spirit to put one in a
Give your bunny a chance to show you what a wonderful member of the
family s/he can become. Bring him/her indoors where s/he belongs.
You'll wonder how you ever went so long without a HOUSE rabbit!
Return to Rabbit


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Have You Seen This Game Before?
Image result for Nintendo Labo Review: A Clever Building Kit for Crafty Kids
Labo is a blend of a cardboard development unit and a progression of computer games that combine with the Nintendo Switch, a gaming console comprising of a tablet and two handheld controllers. You can utilize the Switch's controllers and tablet independently, append the Switch controllers to the tablet to do the Switch a convenient gaming framework like a Nintendo 3DS, or disconnect the controllers previously setting the tablet in a docking station to connect it to your TV, which makes it more like a Nintendo Wii. Diverse Labo ventures call for designing your Switch in various ways.
In a meeting posted on the Nintendo Labo site, Labo executive Tsubasa Sakaguchi says Labo became out of a mission to make something "simple to get a handle on, something that must be finished with the Nintendo Switch comfort and its Joy-Con controllers." Sakaguchi proceeds with, "I just took after the rationale of that inquiry to the extent I could, and it transformed into Nintendo Labo."
Sakaguchi needed Labo to exploit the way that the two Joy-Con controllers can work autonomously for various purposes. The two controllers sense movement with accelerometers and spinners, and one controller can identify motions and questions with an infrared profundity sensor. When you put the controllers inside the Labo angling pole, for instance, their accelerometers and gyrators can detect whether you wind the cardboard reel or draw back on the bar. Inside the Labo piano, the IR-empowered controller detects the intelligent tape set on each key to know which key is played when, and after that signs the sound for the proper note.
Both Labo packs necessitate that you have a Nintendo Switch. The Variety Kit accompanies five ventures—a playable piano, an angling pole, a RC auto, a motorbike handlebar, and a house—that take between 10 minutes and three and a half hours to finish. The majority of the activities consolidate the controllers into the cardboard toy for movement or profundity detecting and after that show a diversion on the tablet. The Robot Kit is one bigger venture—including a wearable rucksack, headset, and hand and feet connections you incorporate that turn you with a monster robot—that takes three or four hours to construct. For this situation despite everything you incorporate the controllers with the cardboard toy, yet you connect the tablet to a TV to get a bigger and more immersive screen where you can watch yourself as a mammoth robot stepping around a city.
a nintendo labo pack for the nintendo switch
The Labo angling pole bar goes about as a controller that gives you a chance to reel in virtual fish on the Nintendo Switch's screen. Photo: Signe Brewster
Each Labo pack accompanies cardboard, string, washers, and different supplies required to assemble a toy that connects with the Switch amusements on the included memory card. In spite of the fact that the cardboard is sufficiently solid for you to manufacture the units once, it's not intended to be dismantled and revamped; you assemble each pack and afterward play with the finished undertaking. It's conceivable to follow the pieces onto new sheets of your own cardboard and cut them out, yet that cardboard won't have the accommodating markings and premade folds of Labo's incorporated materials. A Labo venture left immaculate could likely last inconclusively, however a portion of the undertakings we transported between analyzers' homes penniless separated in places. Treat them like they're made of, well, cardboard.
Following intuitive building guidelines showed on the Switch's screen, you overlay the cardboard pieces along premarked lines and embed tabs into spaces to make 3D shapes. The structures are astutely built; the angling pole's cardboard reel truly turns and clicks, and the piano's keys push down with a persuading sum regarding opposition. Strings make pulley frameworks that turn cardboard bits on your feet and in your grasp into the appendages of a mammoth robot. When you wrap up a task, you embed the two Joy-Con controllers to match the cardboard structure with the Switch tablet. At that point you embed the tablet into the undertaking to include a computerized screen.
The angling pole venture incorporates a remain for the tablet, which demonstrates a submerged scene loaded up with angle. The bar's line vanishes into an opening behind the tablet, creating the figment that it broadens onto the screen. As fish chomp at your trap on screen, you utilize your cardboard pole to reel them in. In the mean time, the Robot Kit is intended to be a greater amount of a functioning knowledge: To play, you connect the tablet to your TV for a bigger screen, begin the diversion, and afterward lash on the robot rucksack, headset, and hand/feet connections to control the mammoth robot showed on the TV. By moving your arms and feet, you can influence your robot to step around and punch.
Labo can likewise fill in as a prologue to fundamental programming. Each unit accompanies an educational programs considered Garage that gives you a chance to change how each venture functions or make altogether new tasks. In spite of the fact that our child analyzers didn't have enough time to utilize Garage (or didn't understand it was there, as it's to some degree covered up inside the Labo application), we attempted it. The Garage programming educational programs doesn't delve as profound into the points of interest as the apply autonomy units we've evaluated, yet it introduces children to the fundamentals. Children can develop their comprehension of designing and how sensors function by building a venture and after that figuring out how the undertaking is customized. We likewise like that Garage is discretionary; regardless of whether a kid doesn't have enough of an enthusiasm for programming to utilize Garage broadly, despite everything they get a lot of utilization out of Labo with the implicit amusements.
Who is Labo for?
a youngster playing with a nintendo labo unit for the nintendo switch
Eight-year-old Mae sticks out on the Labo piano she built. Photo: Anne Lagerstedt
Labo can be a good time for grown-ups (we positively appreciated building the tasks), yet it's basically for grade school-age kids. Nintendo says it is fitting for a very long time 6 and up, however we tried it with kids 8 to 12, and we trust anybody more seasoned won't receive much pleasure in return. Then again, 6-year-olds will probably require help with Labo from a more seasoned kin or parent. Be that as it may, regardless of a youngster's age, they should be patient and great at following bearings to finish the activities, as Labo packs can incorporate many advances and long stretches of building time. Jennifer Eichenberger, the mother of two of our analyzers, said that in spite of the fact that her 12-year-old child stayed with the undertaking, her 10-year-old little girl's commonly long ability to focus and exact tender loving care were put under serious scrutiny by Labo's Robot Kit, and she "lost intrigue" halfway through: "I think if [both children] would have encountered a couple basic building ventures first and after that worked up to the robot venture, they may have been more comfortable with the procedure and felt more certain. I figure Ella may have felt overpowered by the quantity of pieces and ventures alongside the restricted time to finish the undertaking."
Regardless of whether your kid adores the Nintendo Switch, they'll most likely appreciate Labo packs just on the off chance that they appreciate making and building things. Labo is more like a specialty venture than a computer game, so if your child is more keen on the last than the previous, it most likely isn't right for them. Children who like illustration, chiseling, weaving, working with Legos, and other imaginative or designing interests will like the hands-on nature of Labo ventures. It can likewise be a springboard for children to dive into more unpredictable building, regardless of whether they choose to explore different avenues regarding Labo Garage or build up an enthusiasm for more-complex building units like gadgets and mechanical autonomy packs.
At present the Labo Variety Kit costs nearly $70 and the Robot Kit costs about $80; those costs can appear somewhat steep since the included undertakings are intended to be assembled once and will in the end go to pieces. In any case, on the off chance that you contrast the Labo Variety Kit and the picks in our apply autonomy unit manage, it offers a moderately reasonable approach to acquaint a tyke with an intricate building venture that incorporates five distinctive straightforward computer games. One parent noticed that in spite of the fact that she wouldn't purchase a Labo pack as a general advancement toy, she would consider offering it to her youngsters as a birthday or occasion display.
Force Quote
Labo is more like a specialty venture than a computer game, so if your child is more intrigued by the last than the previous, it presumably isn't right for them.
We propose purchasing a Labo unit just on the off chance that you effectively possess a Switch, in light of the fact that the two Labo packs accessible at the season of this composition don't include enough esteem their own particular to legitimize purchasing a Switch.
How we tried
a youngster playing with a nintendo labo unit for the nintendo switch
Ten-year-old Ella, wearing the finished Labo Robot Kit.
We started by setting up the Switch, which took minutes, and a short time later we constructed two of the Variety Kit ventures ourselves: the angling pole bar and the house. While building, we thought about the clearness of the computerized guidelines, the plan of the cardboard toys, the durability of the building materials,


text: lucidkoan writes "Environmentalists have long argued about whether geoengineering (using technology to alter the climate) is a good way to tackle climate change. But the tactic has some heavy hitters on its side, including Bill Gates. The Microsoft founder recently announced plans to invest $300,000 into research for machines that suck up seawater and spray it into the air, seeding white clouds that reflect rays of sunlight away from Earth. The machines, developed by a San Francisco-based research group called Silver Lining, turn seawater into tiny particles that can be shot up over 3,000 feet in the air. The particles increase the density of clouds by increasing the amount of nuclei contained within."


text:
- Buyers Guide
Current Techniques for Tuning Dielectric Resonators
Advantages and disadvantages of the various electronic tuning techniques for dielectric resonators
Current Techniques for Tuning Dielectric Resonators
Electronic tuning of dielectric resonators over a relatively wide range while also preserving their characteristics is highly desirable, especially for use in nonaccessable systems such as airborne or spaceborne systems or in areas of high sophistication such as cellular radio systems. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the various electronic tuning techniques available currently.
University of North London, School of Communications Technology & Mathematical Sciences
A survey of communication systems, particularly those with working frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 20 GHz, reveals that an urgent need exists for good quality, small, competitive and, more importantly, tunable resonant devices. Examples include UHF mobile radio systems (toward the lower frequencies of this range) and radar and satellite communications systems (toward the higher frequencies). It is evident that the requirements of such a device depend on the type of application. For example, the important prerequisite for a cell site base station power combiner used in a radio mobile station is a high Q filter capable of handling power in the range of tens of watts. For airborne and spaceborne systems such as satellite communications, the most important factors usually are a heavy constraint on both size and weight and strict requirements on the device tuning speed for frequency hopping or rapidly tuning the receiver front-end filters/preselectors.
Except for tunability, most of these requirements are fulfilled by a resonant ceramic material known as a dielectric resonator (DR). Although initially developed in 1939,1 these ceramics did not find applications in microwave circuits until the late 1960s2,3 because of the uncontrolled temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency. The first application appeared in 1968 when the DR was used as a microwave filter element. Since then, utilization of DRs in both filters and oscillators has proliferated.
Currently, DRs are considered one of the more important microwave devices. Besides being versatile and adaptable to various microwave structures and configurations, they fill a gap that exists between waveguide and stripline technologies. The ceramics provide quality factors and temperature stability better than those of invar cavity resonators along with an integration capability approaching that of stripline resonators. DRs are also progressively replacing the large and costly metal cavity resonator in almost all applications.
Commonly cylindrical in shape, DRs sustain the same electromagnetic field modes as those of a conventional metallic resonator cavity and behave in a similar way, except that the electromagnetic fields extend beyond the bulk of the device.4 For this reason, DRs are usually placed inside a metal shield to prevent external interactions.
Why is Electronic Tuning of DRs Needed?
Most DRs implemented in microwave circuits (such as filters and VCOs) are tuned or adjusted mechanically. This tuning is achieved by perturbing the field distribution surrounding the DR through the movement of metallic or dielectric objects (either manually or electrically) by using, for example, a step motor.5
It is obvious that mechanical tuning involves mechanical parts in motion. Therefore, the process is slow and inaccurate and, hence, not highly reliable. Even if this approach is satisfactory in some cases, it is certainly not suitable for applications such as frequency hopping or frequency modulation where high tuning speed is needed. Moreover, some skill is needed on the part of the engineer or technician making the adjustment on site; this requirement can make the tuning expensive.
Electronic tuning of DRs over a wide range while preserving their characteristics is highly desirable, especially for use in inaccessible systems such as airborne or spaceborne systems or in areas of high sophistication such as cellular radio systems. Automatic adjustment or tuning that is controlled, if necessary, from a distance via a communication link then must be considered.
Essentially, DR tuning can be accomplished by modifying the various electromagnetic fields supported by the resonator. Currently, three principal nonmechanical techniques are available that are capable of achieving this tuning: varactor, ferrite and optical. However, from a practical point of view, ferrite and optical tuning have a number of difficulties associated with them, which are discussed in this article. Consequently, the approach most commonly adopted relies on the electronic tuning afforded by coupling varactor diodes to the DR.
A DR can be tuned over an approximate 10 percent bandwidth by perturbing the resonator's magnetic field. This tuning can be achieved by varying the air gap between the ceramic disc and metal enclosure with, for example, a movable metal plate or screw coaxial with the ceramic disc. The tuning mechanism involved here can be explained by the perturbational principle.6 Namely, when a metal wall of any resonant cavity is moved inward, the change in resonant frequency is proportional to the difference in stored magnetic and electric energies with the displaced volume.
With electronic tuning, since there is no volume displaced, the frequency variation is related to the change in the energy stored in the reactance of the system. In both cases, it is evident that the adjustment of the resonant frequency to a prescribed value is based on the perturbation of the fringing fields outside the resonator. For a particular mode, the tuning range is determined by the amount of this perturbation. For example, if the tuning mechanism increases the stored magnetic energy with respect to the electric energy, the resonant frequency will shift toward higher frequencies4 with a deviation proportional to the energy difference. If the tuning mechanism decreases, the shift will be toward lower frequencies. Thus, a wide tuning bandwidth requires a strong perturbation, which may degrade the system quality drastically. A compromise between the tuning bandwidth and DR qualities is necessary.
DR frequency control may be accomplished either by solid-state devices such as varactors or PIN diodes, or low loss magnetic materials such as a single-crystal yttrium iron garnet sphere or disc ferrite. Disc ferrite materials are based on the control of the magnetic field and lead to a substantial tuning range of 250 MHz at 8 GHz while maintaining a high resonator unloaded Q (greater than 1000).7 However, like most of the mechanisms based on magnetic materials, methods utilizing ferrite materials usually require a large and cumbersome electromagnet for producing the controlling magnetic field. Furthermore, because they are current driven, the materials' tuning speed usually is very slow (» 0.5 MHz/s) and subject to phase noise. In addition, because of the nature of the ferrite material, the electronic tuning characteristic usually has hysteresis associated with it. These features negate some of the advantages offered by DR circuits, particularly in view of the stringent power and volume requirements of many modern systems. Figure 1 shows the configuration used for this type of tuning.
Faster tuning can be achieved by solid-state devices, which usually are varactor diodes if continuous tuning is desired or PIN diodes in the case of discrete tuning. The four main methods of coupling varactor diodes to the DR are described. In each case, a TE01 d mode is employed because of the ease with which the resonant frequency, Q factor and coupling coefficient can be calculated using simple models.8 Moreover, the structure of the electromagnetic fields of this particular mode allows the realization of small, compact circuits.
The first method, shown in Figure 2, involves placing the varactors on the mechanical tuning plate, which is located directly above the resonator. The principal advantage of this approach is that, in order to obtain an appreciable amount of electronic tuning, the varactors must be coupled tightly to the circuit by reducing the separation between the top of the resonator and the tuning plate. This configuration can seriously degrade the resonators' unloaded Q factor. However, the technique has been used to produce 4 MHz of electronic tuning in a 14 GHz dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO).9
The second method of coupling varactors to the electromagnetic field of an excited resonator is to connect the varactors directly to two resonant ring-shaped conductive tracks fabricated on a quartz disc that is placed on top of the resonator, as shown in Figure 3. The degree of coupling is controlled by the thickness of the disc. Although it is possible to produce as much as 56 MHz of electronic tuning in a X-band DR with an unloaded Q greater than 1000,7,10 this method is particularly cumbersome to implement. Furthermore, severe problems can arise when these two techniques are used in applications that are susceptible to prolonged periods of intense vibration.
Figure 4 shows the third technique for coupling a varactor diode to the resonator. Basically, the configuration consists of two semicircular annular conductive tracks loaded with a pair of varactor diodes. The resonator is mounted directly above the tuning circuit and is supported by a low loss spacer. In this arrangement, the tuning configuration can be realized on the microstrip substrate and the magnetic coupling between the DR and tuning circuit can be adjusted by altering the height H of the spacer that is supporting the resonator. The very nature of the structure indicates that the configuration performs well under vibration. This technique can provide a tuning range of 44 MHz at S-band while maintaining a high unloaded Q above 1000.11 Additionally, the configuration is simple to construct and lends itself to an inexpensive and reproducible manufacturing process.
An unusual technique known as invasive tuning has also been employed.12 Here, the term invasive refers to the fact that the tuning mechanism is incorporated within the body of the DR, as shown in Figure 5. The varactor diode is placed inside the slot that has been cut out of the DR. The purpose of the metallized sides of the slot is to ensure that the perturbed field appears uniformly at the sides of the slot. This field then is displaced by the varactor or


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Birth of the Microphone: How Sound Became Signal
- 7:00 AM
As part of our special feature on ribbon mics this week, we're taking a trip through the microphone's early days — from invention to old-school broadcasting. Enjoy these historic photos of a time when recorded and amplified audio were a novelty, rather than a necessity of everyday life.
This drumlike device is a carbon-button microphone, patented by Emile Berliner in 1877. It was one of the first ever created and by far the most usable.Berliner is credited with inventing the carbon-button microphone in 1876. Though there were other microphone technologies in existence, Berliner's design was more robust than the rest (including a liquid-based mic invented by Alexander Graham Bell). Bell himself was so impressed with the carbon-button that he bought the rights from Berliner for $50,000 (1.1 million dollars in today's money), so he could use it in his telephone prototypes.
Berliner called his microphone a "loose-contact transmitter" because it was composed of two electrical contacts separated by a thin layer of carbon. The "loose" contact was attached to a diaphragm that vibrated when struck by a sound wave. The other was connected to the output.
Unfortunately for Berliner, his patent didn't survive a legal challenge, which resulted in an 1892 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that gave the credit to Thomas Edison. In fact, neither Berliner nor Edison could rightfully claim full credit for the carbon-button mic. The idea for it had been around for years before they began their experiments, though it had never been perfected.
Emile Berliner sits in front of his carbon-button microphone. In certain configurations, carbon-buttons can behave as if they have built-in amplifiers, not only converting sound into voltage but also increasing the strength of that voltage before it leaves the mic.
The crude transmitters of the teens and '20s required high-input signals in order to function. Vacuum tubes were new and not in widespread use, and transistors were far in the future. So powerful carbon-buttons were a must.
An early carbon-button microphone created by Emile Berliner sits on the left. On the right is a mouthpiece that could be attached to it — as part of the luxury-option package.
Phillips Thomas invented an "ultra-audible" microphone in the 1920s, while working for Westinghouse Electric. The name derived from Thomas' claim that the device was sensitive enough to detect vibrations outside the range of human hearing.
Popular Science Monthly speculated in April 1924 that Thomas' microphone could determine "ultra-audible" bug songs not heard by humans into electrical signals and then light, allowing human observers to analyze the sounds even though they couldn't hear them.
Thomas' microphone seems humdrum in light of his other inventionary ambitions. His "vortex gun" was intended to replace conventional smokestacks and diminish low-hanging smog by forming emissions into gigantic smoke rings and blasting them into the stratosphere.
He was also engaged in searching for a means of distributing electric power by radio, and believed that mental telepathy might be achieved by using the appropriate electromagnetic frequencies. Thomas supplemented his practical research with a contribution to the world's musical culture, the photoelectric marimba, an instrument controlled by flashlights.
The hookah-like tube connects this anonymous businessman to a dictaphone, the first technology for nonprofessional recording, used primarily in offices to take dictations.
Invented by Thomas Edison, the dictaphone uses the same basic principle as a phonograph. Sound vibrates a needle inside the device that cuts a groove into a rotating blank format — in this case a wax cylinder. The cylinder can be played back to reproduce the original sound, and though the quality of audio is horrible, indie bands in search of vintage cred are predicted to release wax-cylinder singles in the near future.
Before the creation of the Federal Radio Commission (precursor of the FCC) in 1927, radio was largely unregulated. Starting a station was simply a matter of purchasing a transmitter and an antenna.
Chicago-based AM radio station WMAQ went on the air in 1922 and continued operating until 2000. Many early stations owned by retailers or newspapers, and WMAQ was owned by one of each: the Fair Department Store and the Chicago Daily News. The station transmitted from inside the store itself, serving as a long-form advertisement and novelty attraction.
The Daily News publishers quickly saw that radio would become a major force in the media, and bought out their partners. In the picture above, a then-standard carbon-button mic is suspended in a shock mount: a set of springs that absorb vibrations that might otherwise be picked up by the microphone.
Hal Totten and Ty Cobb
Hal Totten, who called games for Chicago's WMAQ during the 1920s, wears a three-piece suit in Comiskey Park. He stands next to Ty Cobb and fellow big-leaguers Eddie Collins and Bill Hunnefield at a game in 1927.
The group is speaking into an early carbon-button microphone which served the crucial dual purpose of transmitting sound and amplifying it. The amplification was essential during the first days of broadcasting, because transmitters weren't sensitive enough to pick up the output of unamplified microphones.
Actor Tom Mix accepts the limp handshake of an unidentified youth at Chicago's WMAQ in 1929.
Mix was a superstar of the first years of movie melodramas. His portrayal of clean-cut cowboy heroes created an enduring Hollywood archetype that lasted into the era of John Wayne, and earned Mix a place on the cover of Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
He later lent his name to a popular radio program, The Tom Mix Ralston Straight Shooters, but never had a part on the show. Throughout its run from 1933 to 1950, Mix was nominally the star while the "Tom Mix" character was actually played by other actors. Mix, in fact, died in 1940.
"Listen: The Women"
Pioneering journalist Janet Flanner reads for the program "Listen: The Women," broadcast from Paris shortly after the city was liberated in 1944. She's speaking into an RCA 77 ribbon microphone, a standard of early broadcasting that has become a favorite of modern recording engineers.
Janet Flanner became a contributor to The New Yorker magazine in 1925, and spent 50 years as its Paris correspondent. Her dispatches helped define the "New Yorker style," covering topics from the 1920s Paris literary scene to the rise of Nazism.
Flanner waited out World War II in the United States, but returned to Paris after the city was liberated. She went back to writing for The New Yorker and created a series of short-subject radio programs for the American audience, titled "Listen: The Women."
The broadcasts profiled individuals caught in the turmoil of the war, and aired on the Blue Network, an NBC operation that was split off after antitrust litigation. The Blue Network eventually became the competing American Broadcasting Company.


perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1998/08/05 12:20:28 $)
This section of the Perl FAQ covers questions involving operating system interaction. This involves interprocess communication (IPC), control over the user-interface (keyboard, screen and pointing devices), and most anything else not related to data manipulation.
Read the FAQs and documentation specific to the port of perl to your operating system (eg, perlvms, perlplan9,...). These should contain more detailed information on the vagaries of your perl.
How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
The $^O variable ($OSNAME if you use English) contains the operating system that your perl binary was built for.
How come exec() doesn't return?
Because that's what it does: it replaces your currently running program with a different one. If you want to keep going (as is probably the case if you're asking this question) use system() instead.
How you access/control keyboards, screens, and pointing devices (''mice'') is system-dependent. Try the following modules:
 Term::Cap Standard perl distribution
 Term::ReadKey CPAN
 Term::ReadLine::Gnu CPAN
 Term::ReadLine::Perl CPAN
 Term::Screen CPAN
 Term::Cap Standard perl distribution
 Curses CPAN
 Term::ANSIColor CPAN
 Tk CPAN
Some of these specific cases are shown below.
How do I print something out in color?
In general, you don't, because you don't know whether the recipient has a color-aware display device. If you know that they have an ANSI terminal that understands color, you can use the Term::ANSIColor module from CPAN:
 use Term::ANSIColor;
 print color("red"), "Stop!\n", color("reset");
 print color("green"), "Go!\n", color("reset");
Or like this:
 use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
 print RED, "Stop!\n", RESET;
 print GREEN, "Go!\n", RESET;
Controlling input buffering is a remarkably system-dependent matter. If most systems, you can just use the stty command as shown in getc, but as you see, that's already getting you into portability snags.
 open(TTY, "+/dev/tty 2>&1";
 $key = getc(TTY); # perhaps this works
 # OR ELSE
 sysread(TTY, $key, 1); # probably this does
 system "stty -cbreak /dev/tty 2>&1";
The Term::ReadKey module from CPAN offers an easy-to-use interface that should be more efficient than shelling out to stty for each key. It even includes limited support for Windows.
 use Term::ReadKey;
 $key = ReadKey(0);
However, that requires that you have a working C compiler and can use it to build and install a CPAN module. Here's a solution using the standard POSIX module, which is already on your systems (assuming your system supports POSIX).
 use HotKey;
 $key = readkey();
And here's the HotKey module, which hides the somewhat mystifying calls to manipulate the POSIX termios structures.
 # HotKey.pm
 package HotKey;
 _USER_ = qw(Exporter);
 _USER_ = qw(cbreak cooked readkey);
 use strict;
 use POSIX qw(:termios_h);
 my ($term, $oterm, $echo, $noecho, $fd_stdin);
 $fd_stdin = fileno(STDIN);
 $term = POSIX::Termios->new();
 $oterm = $term->getlflag();
 $echo = ECHO | ECHOK | ICANON;
 $noecho = $oterm & ~$echo;
 sub cbreak {
 $term->setlflag($noecho); # ok, so i don't want echo either
 $term->setcc(VTIME, 1);
 $term->setattr($fd_stdin, TCSANOW);
 sub cooked {
 $term->setcc(VTIME, 0);
 $term->setattr($fd_stdin, TCSANOW);
 sub readkey {
 my $key = '';
 sysread(STDIN, $key, 1);
 return $key;
 END { cooked() }
How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
The easiest way to do this is to read a key in nonblocking mode with the Term::ReadKey module from CPAN, passing it an argument of -1 to indicate not to block:
 use Term::ReadKey;
 if (defined ($char = ReadKey(-1)) ) {
 # input was waiting and it was $char
 } else {
 # no input was waiting
 ReadMode('normal'); # restore normal tty settings
How do I clear the screen?
If you only have to so infrequently, use system:
If you have to do this a lot, save the clear string so you can print it 100 times without calling a program 100 times:
 $clear_string = 'clear';
 print $clear_string;
If you're planning on doing other screen manipulations, like cursor positions, etc, you might wish to use Term::Cap module:
 use Term::Cap;
 $clear_string = $terminal->Tputs('cl');
How do I get the screen size?
If you have Term::ReadKey module installed from CPAN, you can use it to fetch the width and height in characters and in pixels:
 use Term::ReadKey;
 ($wchar, $hchar, $wpixels, $hpixels) = GetTerminalSize();
This is more portable than the raw ioctl, but not as illustrative:
 require'sys/ioctl.ph';
 die "no TIOCGWINSZ " unless defined &TIOCGWINSZ;
 open(TTY, "+


text:
Definition of Thick-billed murre
1. Noun. A variety of murre.
Thick-billed Murre Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Thick-billed Murre Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Thick-billed Murre
Literary usage of Thick-billed murre
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Ecology and Conservation of the Marbled Murrelet by C. John Ralph (1997)
"... and Nettleship and Evans (1985) present reviews of the reproductive biology of Atlantic alcids (Dovekie, Razorbill, Common Murre, thick-billed murre,..."
2. A Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northern United States: Including by David Starr Jordan (1904)
"aa. Depth of bill at angle more than J culmen. 638. U. lomvia (L.). THICK-BILLED MURRE. Dusky; secondaries white-tipped ; basal part of upper..."
Other Resources Relating to: Thick-billed murre


text:
Lions 2nd Grade Science
Adult lions are tan in color. They have furry tufts at the end of their tails. Males have long fur around their head and neck which is called a mane. Males are usually larger than females.
Baby lions are called "cubs". These cats have 1-6 babies in a litter. Lions live in large groups called "Prides".
1.The Lion is the only cat with which of the following?
c. Tufted tails and manes
d. Spots and stripes
2. What is a baby lion called?


packaged dinner entrees. Popular snack foods include trail mix, easily prepared at home; nuts, convenient and nutritious energy bars, chocolate, and other forms of candy, which provide quick energy and flavor. Traditional outdoor food includes dried foodstuffs such as jerky or pemmican, and also products like oatmeal (which can also be consumed raw in emergency situations). Coffee, tea, and popcorn are common items on backpacking menus. Household food items are typically repackaged in zippered plastic bags.
One can also purchase and use a commercial food dehydrator to remove the majority of water from raw food items or from a precooked meal. Many backpackers make their own dried fruit, jerky, and dried stew for consumption in the wilderness.
Most backpackers avoid canned food, except for meats or small delicacies. Metal cans and glass jars and their contents are usually heavy and contribute significantly to trash which must be carried out.
For dinners, many hikers use specially manufactured, precooked food that can be eaten hot. It is often sold in large, stiff bags that double as preparation and serving vessels. One common variety of special backpacking food is freeze-dried food, which can be quickly reconstituted by adding hot water. This mixture is then left to re-hydrate (and cool somewhat) for a few minutes before eating.
Another kind of special backpacking food is ultra high temperature (UHT) processed food. It is prepared at full water content, has not been dehydrated, and need not be rehydrated. It can be reheated with a special, water-activated chemical heater. This technology originated with the U.S. military's MRE, but is produced also for the civilian market. The small chemical heater obviates the need for a portable stove and fuel, however the high (full) water content of MREs eliminates most weight advantage versus dehydrated food. MREs can be useful to backpackers for several reasons:
 - MREs do not need to be rehydrated or heated, which is useful in areas where flame is not allowed or water is scarce.
 - They are very durably packaged
 - A single MRE contains a full meal complete with snack and dessert
 - They offer a great deal of variety in each meal, including condiments
 - They are individually packaged inside a brown plastic wrapper, so individual components can be carried in various pockets and eaten on the move.
As more retail stores carry prepackaged freeze-dried foods however, it is becoming increasingly easier to buy packaged meals retail versus mail order. MREs can be difficult to find in retail stores, though a good selection is often available in a (U.S.) military surplus store.
There is a genre of cookbooks specializing in trailside food and the special challenges inherent in backcountry cooking. Most such cookbooks espouse one of two philosophies; the first, generally used on short trips, involves planning meals and preparing many ingredients before departure. The second method, bulk rationing, simply supplies the hiker with ingredients, allowing on-trail cooking with minimal prior planning, and is sometimes used for extended outings. A third form of the genre deals in Dutch oven cookery, which has considerable historical cachet (especially in countries such as the United States with a long pioneer tradition), but is dependent on suitable locations for a campfire.
Winter backpacking[edit]
A winter bivouac in Germany.
Although backpacking in the winter can be rewarding, it requires a higher level of skill and generally requires more gear. Backpackers may need skis or snowshoes to traverse deep snow, or crampons and an ice axe to cross ice in colder climates. Cotton clothing, which retains moisture and chills the body, is particularly dangerous in cold weather, so backpackers stick to wool or synthetic materials like nylon or polypropylene, which hold less moisture. Special sleeping bags and tents designed for low temperatures can be expensive, but will be more comfortable than many layers of warm clothing. However when hiking in cold weather, it is always better to start a hike with multiple layers of clothing so that as the body heats up layers can be taken off without causing the wearer to sweat or become chilled. It is also important to stay dry while backpacking in cold weather because wet clothes quickly saps body heat and can lead to frostbite or hypothermia.
A winter bivouac can also be made in a snow cave, which is a shelter constructed in snow by some winter recreational enthusiasts, and winter survivalists. It has thermal properties similar to an igloo and is particularly effective at providing protection from wind as well as low temperatures. A properly made snow cave can be 0 °C (32 °F) or warmer inside, even when outside temperatures are −40 °C (−40 °F).[8][9] It is constructed by excavating snow so that the entrance tunnel enters below the main space to retain warm air. Construction is simplified by building it on a steep slope and digging slightly upwards and horizontally into the slope. The roof is domed to prevent dripping on the occupants. Adequate snow depth, free of rocks and ice, is needed — generally a depth of 4 to 5 ft (1.2 to 1.5 m) is sufficient. Another kind of snow cave is the quinzhee, which is constructed of snow rather than created by digging a hole out of (or displacing) snow.
Skills and safety[edit]
A bear-resistant food storage canister
 - Distress signaling is a skill of last resort.
Backpacking with animals[edit]
Some backpackers bring along a pack animal, such as a horse, llama, goat, dog, or donkey to help carry the weight of the gear. These animals need special considerations when accompanying backpackers on a trip. Some areas restrict the use of horses and other pack animals. For example, Great Basin National Park does not allow domestic animals at all in backcountry areas.[10] Like their human counterparts, pack animals require special backpacking gear like a variety of leads, harnesses, and panniers or packs. Dog packs are widely available in outdoor sporting goods stores. Predators can be attracted to pack animals, so caution is necessary when bringing domesticated animals into backcountry areas. Some trails have permanent corrals that specifically cater to large pack animals.
The packhorse, mule or donkey was a critical tool in the development of the Americas. In colonial America, Spanish, French, Dutch and English traders made use of pack horses to carry goods to remote Native Americans and to carry hides back to colonial market centers. They had little choice, the America's had virtually no improved waterways before the 1820s and roads in times before the railroad and automobile were only improved locally around a municipality, and only rarely in between.
Mules are still used extensively to transport cargo in rugged roadless regions, such as the large wilderness areas of California's Sierra Nevada mountains. Commercial pack mules are used recreationally, such as to supply mountaineering base camps, and also to supply trail building and maintenance crews, and backcountry footbridge building crews.[11] As of July 2014, there are at least sixteen commercial mule pack stations in business in the Sierra Nevada.[12] The Angeles chapter of the Sierra Club has a Mule Pack Section that organizes hiking trips with supplies carried by mules.[13]
Dogs tend to show admirable hill-climbing ability and can carry a few kilos (several pounds) of gear (their own dry food and other) when among a backpacking party. However, few dogs will be able to traverse the roughest off-trail terrain that their human backpacking companions will cross with little trouble. For example, cross-country travel through fields of 1-meter (3-foot) boulders or dense 3/4-meter-tall (2-foot) brush may cause a dog to balk or halt entirely. Such balking may be especially pronounced when one or more of these factors is present: small body size, puppyhood or age greater than a few years, obesity, and a dog pack weight of greater than a few kilos or pounds. A steep descent will cause a dog much more hesitation than it will a backpacking human. Restricting travel to well-maintained trails, therefore, may be needed. Attention to a dog's paw condition is important. For example, hidden adhesions of pine pitch between toes may cause balking or limping even when otherwise uncalled for. Otherwise, dogs will need few other special arrangements while backpacking. As experienced owners of large dogs of the working and sporting breeds can attest, a dog in a backpacking party needs comparatively little in terms of insulation, shelter, and bedding. Their food need only consist of some combination of human food scraps, fish scraps, and their own carried dry dog food.
Related activities[edit]
 - Hiking may or may not use backpacks.
 - canoe and kayak camping is similar to backpacking, but uses boats for transportation.
 - In self-contained bicycle touring, or bikepacking cyclists carry their equipment in panniers or bicycle trailers during multi-day excursions, either on pavement, or on back-country fire roads and trails.
 - In animal packing (horse packing, mule packing, etc.), travelers use pack animals (usually horses, mules, or llamas) to carry their equipment. Porters are sometimes hired for the same purpose.
 - In trail riding, people ride horses or mules, sometimes accompanied by additional pack animals. Rather than wearing backpacks, personal gear is often carried in saddlebags attached to the rider's own saddle
 - Adventure travel is tourism in a region or environment


FX is an abbreviation for FAMILY EXPERIENCE. FX is a live, dynamic environment designed to help us as the church partner with families. It is a fun, shared experience for families to come together for a purpose. It strategically places parents and kids in a world that helps both understand and live out essential truths regarding wisdom, faith, and friendship.
We often say, "What happens at home is even more important than what happens at church." This means that our faith really isn't a living faith until it is lived out in our daily lives. Parents and kids look for practical ways to take what happens at church home with them so that it is relevant on a Tuesday afternoon, or a Friday morning, or late at night.


text:
Physical Education Learning Standards
Alternate Assessment Standard 3, Resource Management
Students will: understand and be able to manage their personal and community resources.
Key Idea: Students will
- be aware of and able to access opportunities available to them within their community to engage in physical activity.
- be informed consumers and be able to evaluate facilities and programs.
- be aware of some career options in the field of physical fitness and sports.
Performance Indicators - Students:
- participate and know about resources available at home and in the community which offer opportunities to participate in and enjoy a variety of physical activities
- choose a preferred physical activity offered at home or in the community


Mission Statement - NALMS
NALMS Mission Statement
The Mission Statement is Simple and Clear
The specific goals of the society, as spelled out in the Constitution and Bylaws, are as follows:
 1. To facilitate the exchange of information on the technical and administrative aspects of managing lakes and their watersheds.
 2. To promote public awareness of lake ecosystems.
 3. To encourage public support for national, state or provincial, and local programs promoting management of lakes and their watersheds.
 4. To provide guidance to public and private agencies involved in or planning management activities for lakes and their watersheds.
 5. To improve the professional status of all persons engaged in any aspect of managing lakes and their watersheds.


text: Two members of UUCSS discuss their personal experience with grief following deaths connected with military service. Evelyn discusses the loss of her father to the war in Vietnam. She recounts the impact of this grief on a nine year old girl who loved her father dearly and the implications of this loss into her adult life, and she shares how Unitarian Universalism impacted her thinking on this loss. How might communities acknowledge pain and respond to loss more effectively and compassionately now than they did then? Jeff, an 18-year veteran of the U.S. Navy, recounts the situation and circumstances surrounding the loss of two Navy colleagues; one to a training accident and the other to suicide. What perspectives does Unitarian Universalism have to offer regarding these and other military deaths? Are these "tragic, unnecessary losses," "noble, honorable sacrifices," both or neither? They consider both big-picture philosophy and personal stories in this honest examination of the meaning of Memorial Day.