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German Victims and American Oppressors: The Cultural Background and Legacy of Meyer v. Nebraska
In a post-holocaust age it seems odd to talk about Germans as victims. Yet, during and after World War I German Americans were the targets of official harassment, political suppression, police brutality, and mob violence. These actions led to a number of cases that helped shape the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights. In this early history Meyer v. Nebraska1 looms large for two reasons. First, it was the immediate prelude to the beginning of the incorporation of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment. 2 Second, in an age when civil liberties were under assault from all sides, Meyer stands out as the most significant civil liberties victory of the World War I period. To understand this case, we must first examine the repression of German Americans and other immigrants in the United States from the late nineteenth century until the mid-1920s.
The repression was rooted in the hostility to foreigners that reemerged in the late nineteenth century as nativist organizations, such as the American Protective Association, began agitating for an end to non-Anglo-Saxon immigration. 3 Part of this hostility was tied to the rise of the prohibitionist


Flask with St. Menas - 910.152.32_1
Flask with St. Menas
Geography: Abu Mina, Egypt
Date: late 6th - 7th century CE
Period: Byzantine period
12.2 x 2.4 x 11.6 cm
Object number: 910.152.32
Not on view
Pilgrim souvenir ("blessing") of St Menas in the shape of a circular flask (neck and handles are missing). There are relief images of St Menas flanked by prostrated camels on both sides of the flask. Border is composed by a circular wreath surrounded by inscription: ΕΥΛΟΓΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΛΛΙΝΙΚΟΥ ΑΓΙΟΥ ΜΗΝΑ.
Pilgrim eulogiae (literally "blessings") were little souvenirs sanctified by contact with the divine, given or sold to pilgrims to take home as mementoes of their journey. But eulogiae did more than induce a traveler's memory: by virtue of the concentrated holiness they contained, eulogiae could miraculously heal the sick or calm a stormy sea. Eulogiae took the shape of pressed-earth seals or tokens, lamps, flasks for oil or water (ampullae), or even ribbons and pieces of cloth (brandaria) that had touched a saint or holy place. Many eulogiae were a sensory multiplex of material, inscription, and image. In addition to fostering or even creating memories of the locus sanctus (holy place) from which they came, eulogiae ensured that the salvific, curative power of the saints was accessible no matter the distance from their shrines.


Welcome to the Social Justice Neuroscience and Psychology Laboratory at the University of Chicago. The aim of our research is to understand how to decrease discrimination. Specifically, our research explores how social categories such as race, gender, and sexual orientation influence prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Broadly, we are interested in how perception, emotion, cognition, and motivation shape intergroup relations and social justice. The ultimate goal of our work is to use empirical evidence to inform policy by identifying and characterizing robust and reliable interventions for prejudice and discrimination, and testing the constraints of these interventions in producing lasting reductions in inequality.
Our lab explores social psychological theory by integrating across the social and neural sciences. We utilize innovative neuroscience and behavioral research methods and quantify when and why intervention is successful. We use a range of techniques, employing a multi-level approach from hormonal determinants (e.g. cortisol), to neural activations (e.g. EEG, fMRI), to behavioral outcomes, with the ultimate goal of understanding social change in real-world situations, such as in economic and judicial contexts. Such an approach will provide insight into the origins of discrimination, how specific interventions operate, and under what circumstances these techniques are practical and predicative of bias reduction.


Doctors speak | Narayana Health
Doctor speak
Why is ERCP done? (Bengali)
Gastroenterology - Medical/Kolkata
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) is a procedure that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to examine the Pancreas and Bile Duct. It helps in diagnosing and treating certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems.
Talking further about the ERCP procedure is Dr. Sanjoy Basu, Consultant Gastroenterologist at Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Howrah.
Cardiac Sciences
Neuro Sciences


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In a shocking revelation of human brutality, a horrifying video has surfaced that depicts a spine-chilling incident: a man ruthlessly hacking his own wife with a machete. This act Man hacked his wife with a mach3te of violence, captured on camera, has sent shockwaves through society, forcing us to confront the harsh realities that lurk behind closed doors. This article delves deep into the disturbing incident, analyzing the video, examining its context, and shedding light on the broader issues it raises. Following weescape.vn!
I. The Ghastly Act Unveiled: "Man Hacked His Wife with a Mach3te"
In the era of digital connectivity, where information travels at the speed of a click, a harrowing incident has emerged that has left an entire nation in a state of shock and disbelief. The video depicting the gruesome act of a man hacking his own wife with a machete has reverberated across screens and social media platforms, gripping the collective conscience with a chilling intensity. The video's viral impact has transcended geographical boundaries, forcing viewers to confront the dark underbelly of human behavior.
1. The Video's Viral Impact: A Nation Left Horrified and Speechless
As the video spread like wildfire across the virtual realm, its sinister content left an indelible mark on the minds of those who witnessed it. The visual imagery of an enraged man relentlessly striking a woman with a machete in broad daylight has ignited a wave of shock and outrage. The video's virality can be attributed to both the unprecedented nature of the violence and the unsettling ease with which it was captured on camera. Social media platforms have been flooded with reactions ranging from sympathy for the victim to calls for swift justice against the perpetrator.
2. The Victim's Identity: Unmasking the Woman at the Center of the Brutality
Behind the chilling scenes of the video lies a woman who has now become a symbol of the horrors of domestic violence. Her identity, courageously brought to light amid the dark shadows of her ordeal, has sparked a conversation about the silent suffering that many endure behind closed doors. Unmasking the woman at the center of the brutality reveals a life shattered by an act of unimaginable cruelty. Her name, Asha D Agasara, serves as a reminder that each victim of such violence is not just a statistic but a real individual with dreams, aspirations, and a right to live free from fear.
In this section, we delve into the gut-wrenching details of the incident that have propelled it beyond the confines of mere news to a topic that demands urgent introspection and action. The graphic nature of the attack, coupled with its public dissemination, has forced society to grapple with its responsibility in preventing such atrocities and providing a safe haven for victims.
Stay tuned as we continue to explore the various dimensions of this incident, from its underlying causes to its legal consequences, aiming to shed light on a broader dialogue about domestic violence and the pressing need for societal change.
II. Analyzing the Horrific Footage: Unearthing the Details
The chilling footage that captured the horrific incident of a man hacking his wife with a machete has left an indelible mark on our collective consciousness. This section delves deep into the video, piecing together the sequence of events and dissecting the contextual layers that make this act of violence all the more disturbing.
1. Broad Daylight Brutality: The Shocking Context of the Attack
The brazenness of the attack, which unfolded in the broad daylight of Hubbali's Deshpande Nagar, adds an unsettling layer to the already horrifying scene. The fact that this act of violence occurred in a public space, amidst the presence of potential witnesses, raises questions about the audacity of the perpetrator and the sense of impunity that often accompanies such heinous acts. The attack not only victimizes the woman but also challenges our collective understanding of safety within our own communities.
2. Relentless Assault: Unraveling the Chilling Sequence of Events
The video captures a relentless assault that spans agonizing moments. The machete-wielding man strikes his wife with brutal force, each blow etching an indelible scar on the victim's body and the collective conscience of those who bear witness. The sequence of events unravels like a nightmare, leaving viewers with a sense of helplessness and disbelief. The visuals expose the stark reality of domestic violence that often remains hidden behind closed doors, bringing it into the unforgiving light of day.
3. Desperate Cries for Help: The Haunting Soundtrack of the Video
As the machete strikes mercilessly, the video's audio is dominated by the woman's anguished cries for help. These desperate pleas for mercy reverberate through the screen, a haunting reminder of the terror she experienced in those harrowing moments. The soundtrack of her suffering serves as a chilling backdrop, underscoring the urgency of addressing domestic violence and the need for society to stand up against such brutality.
In this section, we navigate the harrowing details of the video, offering insights into the environment in which this act of violence unfolded and the emotional impact it leaves on both the victim and those who bear witness. The analysis of the footage serves as a somber reminder that such incidents are not isolated occurrences but manifestations of deeper issues that require a comprehensive response from society.
III. Behind Closed Doors: Unraveling the Motive and Relationship
Peering beyond the shocking visuals of the video, we delve into the intricate web of relationships and emotions that culminated in the gruesome act of a man hacking his wife with a machete. This section seeks to shed light on the complex interplay of factors that contributed to this tragic incident.
1. Love Turned Deadly: Uncovering the Dynamics Between the Couple
Behind the veneer of love that may have once united them, the relationship between the man and the woman took a sinister turn. Investigating the dynamics that transpired between the two individuals reveals a story marked by both affection and turmoil. Love, at times, can be a complex and multifaceted emotion, susceptible to transformation under the influence of external stressors and internal struggles. Unraveling the evolution of their relationship offers insights into the emotional terrain that ultimately led to the harrowing act captured on camera.
2. The Motive Unveiled: Investigating the Triggers Behind the Attack
What drives a person to commit such a horrific act of violence against someone they were once emotionally connected to? As the layers of this tragic incident are peeled back, it becomes imperative to scrutinize the motives that may have propelled the man to commit such a violent act. Triggers such as jealousy, anger, perceived betrayal, or even psychological factors might have contributed to the eruption of violence. Unmasking these triggers not only helps us understand the specific circumstances but also highlights the need for early intervention and support mechanisms to prevent such occurrences in the future.
In this section, we embark on a journey of introspection into the intricacies of relationships and human emotions. By delving into the complex interplay of factors that shaped the events leading to the attack, we aim to underscore the importance of empathy, communication, and psychological support in preventing such devastating outcomes.
IV. Society's Stifled Voice: The Bystander Effect in Action
The haunting video of a man hacking his wife with a machete not only reveals the horror of the act itself but also exposes the unsettling phenomenon known as the bystander effect. This section delves into the deeply troubling reactions – or lack thereof – from onlookers, shedding light on the social dynamics that perpetuate silence in the face of violence.
1. Echoes of Silence: The Disturbing Lack of Intervention
As the video plays out, what is perhaps equally unsettling is the absence of intervention from those present at the scene. The video captures the disturbing reality of bystanders who, despite witnessing the brutal assault, refrain from stepping in to stop the violence or aid the victim. This inaction, born from the bystander effect, highlights the psychological mechanisms that inhibit individuals from taking action in situations where intervention is crucial.
2. Collective Responsibility: Addressing the Societal Indifference
The bystander effect is a stark reminder that the responsibility to create a safer society does not solely lie with the victim or the perpetrator; it extends to the collective. Society's indifference or hesitation to intervene in moments of crisis perpetuates a culture that allows violence to fester behind closed doors. This section underscores the collective responsibility we all bear in preventing such incidents. By addressing the bystander effect, we can initiate conversations about empathy, intervention, and community support that are essential in breaking the cycle of violence.
In this section, we confront the chilling reality of societal silence and inaction. By examining the bystander effect in the context of this incident, we hope to stimulate thought about our own roles in creating a more compassionate and responsive society – one that refuses to tolerate violence and strives to protect the vulnerable.
V. Justice Demanded: Legal Ramifications and Future Prospects
The video depicting a man hacking his wife with a machete has not only shocked the nation but has also set in motion a pursuit for justice. In this section, we explore the legal journey that follows such a heinous act, as well as the broader societal implications that stem from seeking accountability.
1. The Accused and Consequences: Tracing the Path of the Attacker
The man captured in the video, identified as Ismail K Kukura, now stands as the accused. His arrest signals the first step towards accountability for his violent actions. The legal process, while crucial in delivering justice, also serves to unmask the individual behind the brutality. This section delves into his background, motives, and potential repercussions, as we seek to understand the human elements that contribute to such devastating incidents.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The following examples illustrate these two concepts.
Beats - in each example, you can hear a series of steady clicks, each one being a beat or a pulsation.
Measures - the beats or pulsations are are very often grouped in numbers of two, three and four.
Translated by Dan Román, revised by Sue Talley.
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José Rodríguez Alvira.


text:
This workshop addresses the changing and expanding role of the Practice Manager providing tools to help take some of the responsibility off the shoulders of the practice owner/dentist.
Business acumenThink like a patient, act as an owner:
- Quality control for the patient at every step
- Key Performance Indicators/ KPIs
- Analysing key reports to support your practice owner
People ManagementHow to gain, train and retain your team:
- Alleviating recruitment stresses and the importance of contracts
- Training and motivating your team to succeed
Customer service cultureCreating an aligned and consistent team:
- Creating practice standards and protocols
- What you need to know about marketing and patient retention
- Fostering a patientfocused culture in your practice
- Staying on top of regulatory compliance
- WH&S and infection control procedures
- Creating standards
Outcomes for the day:
- Improve practice performance and production.
- Greater team alignment reducing inefficiency and waste.
- Increased patient satisfaction.
- Reduce stress for the dentist.
Australian clinicians are required to make their own assessment as to the number of hours of Non-Scientific Continuing Education each course provides. This course is eligible for NZDA CPD points.
Prime Practice guarantees courses are compliant with the current Dental Board of Australia Guidelines on Continuing Professional Development.
* Number of accredited CPD hours depends on the length of the workshop.


York is the oldest inland town in Western Australia, being situated approximately 97 kilometres by road east of Perth in the Avon Valley, which is one of the most fertile sections of the State.
With the increasing population of the Swan River Settlement in 1829 (the year of Western Australia's foundation), it became evident that suitable land would have to be discovered for the growing of cereal crops needed to provide necessary food.
Ensign Robert Dale, 21 year old Officer of the 63rd Regiment, was assigned the honour of making the first exploratory journey over the Darling Ranges during the winter months of 1830 into what was later to become known as the Avon Valley.
As a result of these explorations, Governor Stirling decided that the new district would be thrown open for selection and this was done by Government Notice on 11 November 1830.
The first explorers saw a resemblance between the valleys traversed and their own country of Yorkshire and it was decided by the Governor that Yorkshire should be the name given to the district and that York should be the name of the first town.
The first settlers in the district reached the valley on 15 September 1831, and immediately set about the construction of huts, the preparation required for their stock and the cultivation of new land.
The first decade of settlement in the Avon Valley, showed steady progress and a clear indication that the whole district should develop into a rich and prosperous farming area.
With the natural increase of population, the township began to take shape and great improvements were noted. Private and Government buildings were erected.
The year 2006 marked the 175th anniversary of the State's oldest inland town of when it was first settled by Europeans in 1831. To mark this important historical occasion the town had a year of celebrations and a wide variety of cultural and community events.
York Residency Museum
York Town HallYork Town Hall


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Innovation Accounting Is Independent from Kanban
The third and fifth lean startup principles are about execution and are based on lean thinking and the kanban method. The fourth principle, innovation accounting, is about guidance and is independent from kanban. Innovation accounting can tell the founders when to pivot and when to persevere. It can inform them that something is a vanity metric or point them to an actionable metric. The fourth principle is about how entrepreneurs can use validated learning to guide their companies to new, successful business models. You cannot expect to get all this from kanban.
Kanban Can Help Lean Startup, and Lean Startup Can Help Kanban, Too!
Although we have so far considered ways the kanban method can help lean startup, we need to consider an alternative pattern: Lean startup can help kanban, too! I strongly encourage you to check out the work of Canadian kanban consultant Jeff Anderson. He lays out a process of improving an existing software delivery process—a gradual enterprise change enabled by kanban. Anderson is the "entrepreneur," the improvement process is his "startup," and how the organization responds to change is the validated learning. He applies innovation accounting at each step of his improvement initiative. As Anderson's ability to guide his improvement initiative to its next pivot point and onwards produces validated knowledge of how the process change is working.
Another good example of this pattern can be found in the work of Israeli kanban coach Yuval Yeret (). "Start with a minimally viable change based on the core principles of the kanban method," he writes to describe his approach to coaching organizations in kanban, which parallels the work of many Internet entrepreneurs who release minimally viable products to their users in order to obtain validated learning.
Optimizing build-measure-learn kanban systems is difficult, as many of today's agile and lean implementations seem concerned only with the software delivery process or the "build" part—and even that is proving difficult. The build-measure-learn system is more complex and gives a preview of what the future holds for today's agile practitioners.


Cosmetic corner – tis the season to be happy!
Cosmetic corner – facial aestheticsAs Christmas approaches, Nafisa Mughal explores the effect of facial aesthetics on people's mood and the mood of those around them.
We're nearly at the end of what has to be the weirdest year to date. Going in and out of restrictions, unable to meet loved ones and not socialising like normal.
This has, unsurprisingly, caused a huge surge in depression and feelings of unhappiness across the board.
As crazy as it sounds, facial aesthetics is the boost we need to not only feel happier but actually help those around us feel happier too!
Facial expressions and mood
There are many research papers indicating that our facial expressions can determine our mood, not just the other way around. This is known as the facial feedback hypothesis.
Don't believe me? Think of something that really, I mean really wound you up. Did you notice your facial expression change? Maybe (if you haven't had Botox recently) your brow furrowed, or your jaw clenched.
Now, think of something or someone that makes you happy. Did you notice your expressions change and relax? Pretty awesome right!
Can Botox help mood?
Based on the facial feedback hypothesis, where our mood is determined by our expression, it's thought that Botox can actually help to alleviate feelings of sadness and depression.
If we relax the muscles in our face, then we are unable to make the frowning facial expression. This then leads to inhibiting our ability to feel sad.
This operates at a subconscious level, without us even being aware of it.
A study by Hennenlotter et al reported that after placement of neurotoxin in the corrugator muscles, when participants were asked to frown, signals to the amygdala and surrounding structures in the autonomic nervous systems, became significantly reduced.
Not just a happy patient
Alongside the actual patient who has treatment, it's even thought that people they associate with become happier too!
We have learnt to mimic facial expressions since childhood. Patients who have muscle relaxing treatments are less likely to pick up the negative moods of others. They themselves can't make angry faces as easily.
And because people whose muscles relax more can't spread negative feelings to others via their expressions, so people without Botox become happier too!
It's a positive chain reaction.
More than just Botox
Other treatments outside of facial aesthetics like makeup, skin care and hair care also show an elevation in mood and self-esteem. This can extend up to three degrees from which people associate with.
With that in mind, it could mean the indirect impact of aesthetic treatments on families, social circles and even the wider community is much more significant than we realise.
So on that note, continue spreading the Christmas cheer, toxins, fillers and all. Have a wonderful festive period. Bring on 2021!
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- Rhymes: -eɪʃən
indentation (plural indentations)
- The act of indenting or state of being indented.
- A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc.
- A recess or sharp depression in any surface.
- The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.
- A measure of the distance from the flush line; as, an indentation of one em, or of two ems.
notch or recess in a margin or border
recess or sharp depression in a surface
act of beginning a line at a distance from the flush line

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Difference Between m commerce and e commerce
m commerce vs e commerce
m commerce and e commerce are the latest mode of doing business over the internet. The term e commerce has been around for quite some time now and a vast majority of people know about it. But the recent addition of m commerce has made the situation a little bit confusing for some. Despite being similar in nature, as both involve buying and selling with the help of internet, there are many glaring differences between the two. This article intends to clear the doubts and myths surrounding both the concepts.
In layman's terms, m commerce is the practice of conducting activities that are both financial and promotional in nature, with the help of mobile phones though it technically also includes use of other handheld wireless devices. It is an abbreviation of mobile commerce, and the process establishes the fact that it is possible to carry out financial transactions using mobile phones. Though the concept of m commerce is relatively new, it has taken the world by storm and is being used increasingly by people having mobile phones with internet facility. One of the most basic examples of m commerce is sending of promotional messages through mobile phones though there is no use of internet in it.
Users can book movie tickets on their net enabled phones and theatre can send tickets using different technologies to their phones. Users can show these tickets at the entrance of theatres. In the same manner, coupons, discount offers and loyalty cards can be sent to mobile phones and people can get these offers at retail outlets by showing their phones at the venues.
With the arrival of 4G, it is possible to purchase a movie and download it on a mobile phone within seconds.
A very good example of m commerce is mobile banking where a customer can use his phone to access his account and make remittances to different companies.
Using net on their mobiles, people can shop online just as they would using their desktops and laptops.
An abbreviation of electronic commerce, e commerce is the process of conducting financial transactions over internet. With exponential increase in the use of internet, e commerce has increased tremendously over the last few years. Apart from internet marketing and online transactions, e commerce has pervaded our lives because of the use of swap machines at almost every retail outlet where customers pay using their credit and debit cards. In almost every transaction using e-commerce, there is the use of internet at some point of transaction. E commerce can take place between two companies, when it is called B2B, or between companies and customers, where it is called B2C. One good example of B2C would be amazon.com which is an online shopping portal where customers visit online, choose products of their choice, make payments using their credit cards and receive the products via shipping. This is a perfect example of online shopping.
Difference between m commerce and e commerce
Technically speaking, m commerce is a part of e commerce which allows a person to conduct transactions using his mobile phone. It is sometimes referred to as next generation m commerce. It enables a person to shop from anywhere. It also enables companies and sellers to come closer to the end users. Despite obvious similarities, there are many differences between m commerce and e-commerce.
Difference between m commerce and e commerce
› E commerce is available to only those places where we have net connectivity, but with m commerce we are free from all such boundaries.
› Video conferencing has become possible with m commerce even in places where there is no internet.
› E commerce not only needs internet but also electricity whereas there is no such requirement with m commerce.
› M commerce is easier to get to in comparison to e commerce but at present, using m commerce is costlier than using e commerce.
 - Abdelhalim
 nice description, thanks alot
 - _URL_ M. Antoinette Jerom
 Good article, but it would have been better if the points jotted were elaborated more ;)


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Associations between asthma and the nutritional quality of diet remain poorly understood. So they did a study 'Associations between dietary scores with asthma symptoms and asthma control in adults' which was printed in the European Respiratory Journal.
There were 34, 766 participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort who answered a detailed respiratory questionnaire.
They investigated the connections between overall quality of diet and the asthma symptom score and asthma control. They used three dietary scores:
- the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010)
- the literature-based adherence score to Mediterranean diet (MEDI-LITE)
- the modified Programme National Nutrition Santé Guideline Score (mPNNS-GS)
"A healthy diet, as assessed by the dietary scores we used, is mostly made up of a high intake of fruit, vegetables and fibre. These have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are elements in a healthy diet that potentially lower symptoms. In contrast, the least healthy diets include high consumption of meat, salt and sugar, and these are elements with pro-inflammatory capacities that may potentially worsen symptoms of asthma."


Highland profile - key facts and figures
The Highland Council serves a third of the land area of Scotland, including the most remote and sparsely populated parts of the United Kingdom. The Highlands has the 7th highest population of the 32 authorities in Scotland (235,540) while having the lowest population density at 8 persons per square kilometre.
The total land area including all islands at low water is 26,484 square kilometres. This is 33 per cent the land area of Scotland and 11.4 per cent of Great Britain. It is 10 times larger than Luxembourg, 20 per cent larger than Wales, and nearly the size of Belgium.
The length of coastline including islands at low water is 4,905 kilometres, 21 per cent of the Scottish total, and excluding islands is 1,900 kilometres (49 per cent of Scotland). Argyll and Bute has the next longest coastline with 3,723 kilometres, then Western Isles with 3,716 kilometres.
The geography of the Highlands is also diverse ranging from fertile farmland around the Black Isle and Cromarty Firth; dramatic seascapes on the west and north coasts; some of the tallest mountains in the British Isles (including the tallest, Ben Nevis, Lochaber); and the largest blanket bog in Europe (Flow country, Sutherland).
The Highlands is also home to many lochs. This includes Loch Ness, which is the largest by water volume in the United Kingdom, containing nearly twice as much water as all the lakes of England and Wales combined; and Loch Morar which at 310 metres is the deepest. Other significant lochs include: Loch Maree, Loch Long and Loch Shin.


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elduce wrote:1. I don't understand 'futurum'. 'To be' can work actively but passively it doesn't make sense. What of the future active participle? is futururum correct?
is the future participle actually. In this textbook, if a verb is intransitive but still has a future participle, then the future participle is given instead of the perfect passive participle as with other verbs. There are a couple other verbs in Wheelock's that have the future participle listed as the 4th principal part, such as fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturum
; you will know it is the future participle by the -urbefore the ending. The supine stem (4th principal part minus the -um/-us ending) always ends in T or S, so if it ends in R you should already know something is up.
multus, -a, -um
2. How does the comparative for more, many, most work? Always use the Genitive in these instances? Thanks.
plus, gen. pluris
plurimus, -a, -um
With the comparative, plus
, you use the partitive genitive to say "more (of) ____", or "very many (of) ____" if you prefer. This is because the form plus
is really more a neuter noun or substantive adjective, like satis
, etc. You will rarely see plus
in the singular in any cases other than the nominative and accusative (which are indentical), and the dative singular does not exist in classical Latin. The genitive and rarely ablative are mostly restricted to expressions of value (unfortunately not covered in Wheelock's), e.g. ager multo pluris est
"the farm is of much more (worth)".
In the plural, plures, plura
, you just use it like a regular adjective without the partitive genitive.
flebile nescio quid queritur lyra, flebile lingua murmurat exanimis, respondent flebile ripae


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Like many of you, we have a Christmas tree here decorated with candy canes with a cute little coal train running around the base. The smell of pine is terrific and we are looking forward to eating the candy canes after the holidays. We are all planning a great holiday season and we are looking forward to a bright future. We hope you and your family share our optimism during this fun time of the year.
Today, we will turn out attention to the state of affairs for the tree and the candy canes, and we searched the literature for any updates on how pine trees and sugar cane will fare in a world of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Given that the literature contains literally thousands of articles on the positive effects of elevated CO2 on plants, we were optimistic that recent material could be found. Of course, three articles were located within minutes dealing with elevated CO2, pine trees, and sugarcane.
A team of scientists associated with the University of Florida state that "Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. cv. CP73-1547) was grown in Gainesville, Florida (29°38'N and 82°22'W) under field-like conditions for sunlight in paired-companion, temperature-gradient greenhouses." Some of the greenhouses had ambient atmospheric CO2 concentrations near 360 ppm while other greenhouses had atmospheric CO2 maintained at 720 ppm. At final harvest, the leaf area of the ambient CO2 plants was found to be 34.1 square decimeters per plant, but for the double-CO2 plants, leaf area was 44.5 square decimeters per plant. The elevated CO2 increased the leaf area by over 30 percent! Similarly, leaf fresh weight increased from 165.0 grams per plant to 187.0 grams per plant (a 13% increase). The stem fresh weight increased from 437.3 grams per plant to 680.3 grams per plant (a 56% increase). The above ground mass of the plant increased from 602.0 grams per plant to 867.0 grams per plant (a 44% increase). The all important juice from the main stem increased from 95.0 cubic centimeters to 174.3 cubic centimeters (a whopping 83% increase) all due to the doubling of atmospheric CO2.
Can the news for the sugar canes get any better? Yes, for Vu et al. report "Elevated-CO2 plants also had up to 51% lower stomatal conductance and 39% less transpiration, which resulted in 26–52% greater water-use efficiency (WUE) than ambient-CO2 plants, during leaf growth and development." In the final sentence of the abstract they conclude that beneficial changes in the biochemistry of the plants "together with a reduction in leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration and an improvement in leaf WUE and plant water status, could lead to an enhancement in leaf area, plant biomass accumulation and sucrose production for the CO2-enriched sugarcane plants." Basically, thanks to elevated CO2, the sugarcane plants were bigger, they increase sucrose production, and they did so while becoming more water use efficient. We asked the candy canes what they thought of this article, and they said "Sweet!"
Hundred of articles have already shown that pine trees will grow larger, more resistant to drought and other stresses, and more water-use efficient thanks to elevated atmospheric CO2, so we looked around for some other theme, and we found it! Shannon LaDeau and James Clark of Duke University examined results from a 13-year old loblolly pine plantation in the Duke Forest of North Carolina. In August of 1996, equipment was installed in the forest to elevate atmosphere CO2 by 200 ppm for selected groups of trees while other trees continued to grow at ambient atmospheric CO2 levels. In the first of two papers, LaDeau and Clark focused on tree fecundity (ability to reproduce) in terms of cone and seed production. In their own words, they report "Trees in the elevated CO2 plots produced twice as many cones (4063 cones observed) between 1998 and 2004 as trees in the ambient plots (2070 cones) for 262 and 295 sample trees, respectively." Furthermore, "Fecundity was higher in the elevated plots compared with ambient plots in the early years and remained relatively consistent throughout the study". They conclude "We found that trees growing under elevated CO2 matured earlier and produced more seeds and cones per unit basal area than ambient grown trees."
In a second paper, the duo turned their attention to pollen production from these same loblolly pine trees. They report "We find that P. taeda stands grown at high CO2 produce more pollen per unit woody basal area than ambient-grown trees. Trees fumigated with CO2 began producing pollen at younger ages and smaller sizes; thus evenly aged stands had larger proportions of trees contributing pollen under elevated CO2." Finally, they note that the "earlier onset of reproductive maturation means increased numbers of pollen-producing trees in high-CO2 plots and greater pollen production at the stand level." And before any of you pollen Scrooge's play the human health card, LaDeau and Clark point out that "Pine pollen is not a dangerous allergen for the public at large."
There is no doubt that 2007 will produce many more articles on the biological benefits of elevated CO2 and no end of articles in the literature with results inconsistent with more popular presentations of the global warming issue. Stay tuned here at World Climate Report, but take some time out and enjoy the holidays as much as pine trees and sugar cane enjoy elevated CO2!
LaDeau, S.L. and J.S. Clark, 2006. Elevated CO2 and tree fecundity: the role of tree size, interannual variability, and population heterogeneity. Global Change Biology, 12, 822–833.
LaDeau, S.L. and J.S. Clark, 2006. Pollen production by Pinus taeda growing in elevated atmospheric CO2. Functional Ecology, 20, 541–547
Vu, J.C.V., L.H. Allen, Jr., and R.W. Gesch, 2006. Up-regulation of photosynthesis and sucrose metabolism enzymes in young expanding leaves of sugarcane under elevated growth CO2. Plant Science, 171, 123–131.


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The Balance Beam of the Self in Tiana Clark's Equilibrium
In her 2016 debut chapbook: Equilibrium, recent Vanderbilt University M.F.A. graduate, Tiana Clark, stuns readers with a raw body of work that grapples with formation of personal identity within larger historical contexts. Addressing complex themes like faith/religion, beauty, blackness, biracial identity, mental health, familial relations, poverty, and geography, Clark reveals to us the breath of her writing capabilities through experimental form and innovative content. Clark addresses her tendency toward the bold in a review in Rattle, where she says: "I find it infectious, as I start to become more reckless in my work. I write to access that blood-jet pulse—to rake my flaws across the page, sift through my past hoping to find grace, connection, empathy, power, and—most of all—honesty."
The epigraph of the book itself: "There is always a road/… Always a question/Bigger than itself," from United States Poet Laureate, Tracy K. Smith, tells readers that this is a collection invested in exploration and what is left unanswered.
The collection's namesake poem navigates these in-betweens and uncertainties, conveyed through its split-line form. Content reinforces the speaker's fragmentation in the lines: "Took me/thirty years to say/I'm glad/I don't pass for white" and " I thought this/is what my white/boyfriends/wanted as their hands/became/each European request."
The use of white space, dividing the center of the poem into two parts like a border of sorts, reminds readers of the pervasiveness of whiteness and how torn the speaker feels due to her biracial body. The clipped lines that end the poem:
What is left
whispering…………………..in us, once we have
stopped trying……………to become the other?
convey the severed-nature of Clark's identity, especially in the phrase "what is left?" The lineation in this section also create suspense and delay the final message of the poem. Breaking on the words "left" and "whispering," produces a feeling of lingering that leave her thoughts echoing in our heads.
In the later poem "Flambeaux" that mirrors "Equilibrium" in its structure, Clark depicts racial strife in modern day New Orleans through a mix of high and low language. She puts her own body in the larger context of black historical experience early in the poem saying: "My arms like the arms/of black men carrying/heavy torches, and before them, the wet limbs/of shiny slaves lightning white/pleasures of dark men floating in the deep/throat of night." Note the importance of the words Clark breaks on like "arms," "carrying," and "limbs" that generate heaviness, reproducing the physical weight placed on black bodies. She also emphasizes the juxtaposition between light and dark by breaking lines on the words "white" and "night." Later Clark highlights racial tension and hypocrisy more directly, saying that the tourists partying on Bourbon Street: "want to dance/to black music but not with/black people."
Following the opening poem, the book appears to be organized by common theme. It opens with a series of poems pertaining to childhood like "The Frequency of Goodnight," "Hair Relaxer: An Origin Story" and "Magic," and progresses into poems that contemplate religion and its limits, including: "Black Champagne," "Exorcism," and "A Psalm for The One." It segues from there to commenting on Clark's absent father, places of significance to her, and other poets' work reimagined.
The religious poems Clark writes, as a collective, are highly interesting. Many of them mock the very institution of church that they describe. For example, in "Exorcism," Clark teasingly describes devil-banishing rituals performed in church like many would describe sex with phrases like "writhed," "her eyes… slid to the back of her head," "flutter of eyelash," and "excited, because we were inside the same heat." These lines reverse our conceptions of religious ideals of abstinence by sexualizing them.
Clark continues this mocking of religious power in "A Psalm for the One." Throughout the poem, she inserts sarcastic lines to poke fun at the figure of a godly man like: "The last email said I was just/a really good friend… a sister in Christ./Amen." The cheeky tone of these phrases emphasize the irony behind her words. Clark also periodically describes his body and her own as religious objects like "an altar" or "a crucifix," implying that they worship each other's physical forms, rather than God.
Clark does genius work in her poems depicting racial injustice in the modern day by invoking the voices of other poets; in these hybrid-pieces, she creates a dialogue between differing texts that add to the richness of meaning transferred. By rewriting Dickinson's "Because I could not stop for death," Clark describes the death of Sandra Bland, bringing in contentious conversations about police brutality and racial profiling. In another poem: "How to Find the Center of a Circle," Clark works within the mathematical equation of a circle to comment on racial slurs and lynching.
"Waking in the Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital" and "Promethea Remixed" are two of the most ambitious and innovative poems of the collection when it comes to exploring biracial identity. In "Waking in the Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital," the narrator describes herself as "Lockedin spotted eggshell cage,/like vanilla/black bean speckled creme brulee," revealing how in-between and confined she feels as a biracial women. Themes of splitting and discomfort in one's own body continue in later lines like "double-dutch ropes cut me in half", "the Parthenon lies just in between/my mom and dad's histories" and "Drink me, eat me,/wash me clinical and white." Clark's lines break on words like "half" and "between" further signal division.
"Prometheia Remixed" draws from many authors' writings including Robert Lowell, Shakespeare, Sylvia Plath, Nella Larson, and Lord Byron. The poem centers on Clark herself as the greek mythology figure of Prometheus (a man who was punished by the gods for stealing fire by having his innards eaten every day by vultures). The poem is divided into three sections entitled: Bound, Unbound, and Origin. Origin is perhaps the most revealing regarding Clark's relationship with family and self identity. In it, she admits: "Every day,/I keep writing the same new scar-/begging to close," and "Their [her parent's] differences smashing into each other,/skin engines of self-hatred that made me."
Tiana Clark's work has appeared in respected publications such as The New Yorker, Poetry Magazine, and American Poetry Review. She has also won notable awards including: the Pushcart Prize, the 2017 Furious Flower's Gwendolyn Brooks Centennial Poetry Prize, and 2015 Rattle Poetry Prize. She is currently a fellow at the Wisconsin Institute of Creative Writing and teaches creative writing at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. Read more about her and her creative work on her website: _URL_.
Equilibrium is the winner of the 2016 Frost Place Chapbook Competition. A book engaged in reassembly and call and response, it gives readers no clear answer to its inciting question. Yet, the journey of reading and re-reading Clark's words is worth the uncertainty and imperfection. Much like the self, Equilibrium is unfinished: a balancing act that allows for moments of instability. I will undoubtedly be picking up this book again.


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|Counting and Identification of Beneficiary Populations in Emergency Operations (ODI, 1997, 110 p.)|
|6. Identifying a beneficiary population: a social, cultural, economic and political profile|
Household samples can be used both for obtaining and verifying information. As already stated, a wide range of types of information may be directly relevant to the planning of an assistance programme: cultural, religious, ethnic, economic, social and political contexts in which a population either has been, or now finds itself, are obviously of great importance in understanding the needs and resources of that population. Naturally, the need to enquire into any specific aspect (e.g. religion, possessions or ethnic background), and how access is to be gained to such information if it is sufficiently important, must be decided with respect for privacy and confidentiality. Since the household is a basic planning unit for humanitarian programmes, a professionally conducted household survey (preferably responded to by the women of the household) can be a productive exercise. A household survey can provide the hard data to confirm or reject initial impressions (for example on the number of inhabitants of the average household) arrived at using other methods, such as visual inspection.
Qualitative research and household surveys in northern Iraq
During the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s the government of Iraq started food distributions in the Kurdish region in the north. Households registered with the Food Department would receive food rations at highly subsidised prices through designated agents. A study immediately after the Gulf War concluded that the system was exemplary in terms of coverage, equity, efficiency and contribution to the nutritional needs of the population. Some time after the Kurdish uprising however the government reduced the amount of food for distribution and imposed an economic blockade against the North. UN agencies and NGOs began to distribute food through the system of food agents, but that programme got criticised for being untargeted. Rather than effect a re-registration, rapid research was carried out in two phases. First informal, qualitative research on the overall food security situation identified processes of impoverishment and strategies for coping, and suggested indicators of poverty and vulnerability. To enable precise targeting and to assess the number and distribution of poor and vulnerable households however, this had to be followed by a household survey in which a questionnaire was used (Ward and Rimmer, 1995).
Given obvious time and resource constraints during an initial assessment, it will rarely, if ever, be possible to consult every household. Therefore, a group, or sample, may need to be selected to represent the composition of the whole group. Several sampling methods can be used for choosing the group, or sample to be surveyed (see box below and for a fuller explanation, Annex 1).
Every person or household in the population has an equal probability of being included in a random sample (e.g. picking names from a hat, or the blindfold and pin exercise used to pick from a list). But again, to draw any valid conclusion, the sample must be representative of the whole population. For example, nutritional data obtained from health services are not representative of the total population. Nor are those collected in the most accessible villages or centres, or in camps that are reported to be in a particularly bad state.
Here, cases are selected at given intervals. For example, if 200 cases are to be selected at given intervals from a listed population of 10,000, every fiftieth case may be chosen.
Cluster or stratified sampling
Instead of selecting individual units as above, in this case the researcher divides the population into groups or categories, called strata or clusters (e.g. by location, ethnic origin, religion, gender, age). By doing this, certain priority groups are guaranteed to be represented. The total population in that group may be surveyed, or random samples drawn from each group or stratum. While not as statistically sound as pure random sampling, this method will guarantee that known priority groups or sites are not overlooked. However, the danger is that because the spread of samples is artificially decided, significant groups or sites not singled out may be ignored, and the sample skewed (distorted) as a result, thus devaluing the information collected.


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10.2 Geostrophic Equations
The geostrophic balance requires that the Coriolis force balance the horizontal pressure gradient. The equations for geostrophic balance are derived from the equations of motion assuming the flow has no acceleration, du/dt = dv/dt = dw/dt = 0; that horizontal velocities are much larger than vertical, w << u, v; that the only external force is gravity; and that friction is small. With these assumptions (7.12) become
where f = 2 Ω sin φ is the Coriolis parameter. These are the geostrophic equations.
The equations can be written:
where p0 is atmospheric pressure at z = 0, and ζ is the height of the sea surface. Note that we have allowed for the sea surface to be above or below the surface z = 0; and the pressure gradient at the sea surface is balanced by a surface current us.
Substituting (10.7b) into (10.7a) gives:
where we have used the Boussinesq approximation, retaining full accuracy for ρ only when calculating pressure.
In a similar way, we can derive the equation for v.
If the ocean is homogeneous and density and gravity are constant, the first term on the right-hand side of (10.8) is equal to zero; and the horizontal pressure gradients within the ocean are the same as the gradient at z = 0. This is barotropic flow described in §10.4.
If the ocean is stratified, the horizontal pressure gradient has two terms, one due to the slope at the sea surface, and an additional term due to horizontal density differences. These equations include baroclinic flow also discussed in §10.4. The first term on the right-hand side of (10.8) is due to variations in density ρ(z), and it is called the relative velocity. Thus calculation of geostrophic currents from the density distribution requires the velocity (u0, v0) at the sea surface or at some other depth.
|Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University
Robert H. Stewart, _EMAIL_
All contents copyright © 2005 Robert H. Stewart,
All rights reserved
Updated on October 17, 2005


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K-State researchers investigate nutrition curriculums
By Rachel Potucek
Sixty percent of the average American's health care costs are related to personal behavior, according to Carol Fink of the Kansas State University Extension Family Nutrition Program and 4-H youth development associate.
Fink said exercise and a healthy diet can delay the onset of diseases like diabetes and heart disease, and ultimately help us live longer and reduce behavior-related medical bills down the road. But it is tough to change diet and exercise routines, Fink said.
"Nutrition and exercise habits can be set by a person's teen years," she said. "We all know how hard it is to change our habits. It is easier to get off to the right start."
That's why Fink and other K-State researchers are collaborating to make sure a new national nutrition program is teaching third, fourth, and fifth-graders healthy eating habits.
Fink is involved in a U.S. Department of Agriculture-funded project which will evaluate the new nutrition program "Health and Nutrition from the Garden," for low-income children. The national program, which is used in schools or by after-school programs, has been in operation in Kansas for two years now. The collaborative project's results will be shared with Kansas' Social and Rehabilitative Services, the Family Nutrition Program and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Fink said "Health and Nutrition" has a unique curriculum that uses hands-on learning, otherwise known as experiential learning. Kids learn to change their eating habits by watching the instructor and acting on their own. For instance, kids learn how to make healthy snacks and how to grow a garden.
K-State horticulture associate professor Candice Shoemaker is helping to write the program evaluating "Health and Nutrition from the Garden." She said "Health and Nutrition" may be more effective than other Kansas nutrition programs because "gardening is more fun and we already know that children are more likely to try what they have grown."
Shoemaker said K-State researchers involved with the project will measure student's knowledge about nutrition and gardening, their fruit and vegetable preferences and their fruit and vegetable consumption before and after students participate in "Health and Nutrition from the Garden." This fall, Shoemaker will use the same test on students who use a popular nutrition curriculum called "Professor Popcorn." She will compare the results to see if there are differences in the outcomes for each of the nutrition education programs.
Karen Hudson, coordinator of the Family Nutrition Program, said the results will be shared with national and regional partners through the program.


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Does this mean British education is falling?
No, what it means is that the Chinese education system places great emphasis on learning maths. I doubt that the Chinese have a natural inclination for maths, it is simply that this is the kind of learning that is encouraged. If you placed a British kid in a Chinese school, there is no reason that they would not develop a similar good standard. One complaint of Chinese students in the UK is how everyone assumes they will be good at Maths, just because they are Chinese. This is a fair point, just because you are made to study Maths extensively, doesn't mean you have to like it or feel a natural affinity for the subject.
Limitation of Chinese Education.
The newspaper reports which highlight the gap in a subject like Maths, rarely report the other side of the equation. Basically, Chinese education is good at Maths, but when it comes to independent thought it is sadly lacking. Despite the many failings of British education, A levels are testing in that they require students to evaluate questions, considering both sides and go beyond merely repeating standard textbook answers. Learning by rote is not the route to success for A Levels. They do require a high degree of understanding and evaluation. Take a student from a Chinese school and they will find the A Level standard quite perplexing.
It is in writing essays that Chinese education shows its limitations. Chinese education does not encourage independent thought or evaluation of written material. Instead, emphasis is placed on learning by rote.
For example, ask a Chinese student what they think about Chairman Mao; in 90% of cases they will repeat by rote how:
- He was a great figure,
- but, made a few mistakes.
- On balance he was about 70% right.
What always strikes me is how all the Chinese always repeat this mythical figure of 70% right. Obviously someone decided this the figure of 70% is what should be on the curriculum.
Can you image 95% of British students repeating by rote:
- Margaret Thatcher, great person,
- made a few mistakes,
- overall about 70% correct.
Other Myths you get from Chinese Education
Democracy is maybe OK for the UK, but there are too many people in China for it to work. Democracy in China would lead to the disintegration of society.
The Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989 is unknown to the majority of the Chinese students. If they come from the south away, from Bejing, they may know about it. But, those brought up in Beijing rarely have any idea.


Venerable Master Hsuan Hua - His Life, His Legacy Teachings of Venerable Master Hsuan Hua Site Map
Main Contents | Teachings of Ven. Master Hsuan Hua | Instructional Talks
Teachings of
Ven. Master
Hsuan Hua
Instructional Talks
Cultivating the Bodhi Path
Should You Be Filial to Your Parents?
The Joy of
Not Seeking
When People Don't Like You
A Single Thought
Don't Wait Until You're Old to Cultivate the Way
Cultivating Virtue versus Creating Karma
Don't Push for Speed
The Wisdom Light of Non-outflows
What is Patience? What is Skill?
The Joy of Not Seeking
The less you know about what's going on,
The less affliction you will have.
The more people you know,
The more gossip there will be.
Most people seek knowledge, but cultivators seek "no knowing." Why? Because the less you know about what's going on, the less affliction you will have. If you know just a little, you'll have fewer problems. "The more people you know, the more gossip there will be." Even when there's no gossip, it will start to circulate. Because of this, those who seek learning seek scholastic knowledge, while those who cultivate the Way seek "no knowing."
No knowing just refers to:
Growing up to be a dolt,
One becomes a genius,
Studying until stupid,
One is rare in the world.
When you grow up to be a big dummy, then you're truly sharp. So it is said, "Great wisdom seems like foolishness. Great eloquence seems like clumsy speech." Those who have truly great eloquence seem at a loss for words. They do not talk a lot. They may only say one or two sentences, but they leave everyone else speechless.
"Studying until stupid, one is rare in the world." When you have studied to the point that you seem to be stupid all day, then the miracles can happen; a special state can happen.
It's also said,
When you reach the point that you seek nothing,
Then you have no worries.
That is, in cultivation, you should not seek to become a Buddha, or a Bodhisattva, or to certify to the fourth fruit of Arhatship, or to have great wisdom, or to get enlightened, or to break through your investigation. Don't seek anything. In the very act of seeking, you are adding a head on top of a head; you are riding a donkey looking for a donkey. In cultivation, seek nothing, just cultivate. It's just like eating, wearing clothes, and sleeping. It's a necessity, that's all. You must cultivate every day, day and night the same. That is following conditions, but not changing; not changing and yet following conditions. You should work in this way and then, when you have reached the extreme point, without seeking enlightenment, you will be enlightened, and without seeking to become a Buddha, you will become a Buddha. Without seeking to become a Bodhisattva, you will certify to the Tenth Ground. So, when the effort takes one to that point, one's success is naturally attained. You don't need to seek. Seeking is just greed; just false thinking.
p. 97 - 98, Treasure Trove
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Plants and Animals at the Gray Lodge Wildlife Area
Plants & Animals
The skies are alive! More than a million waterfowl winter here, including 100,000 geese. In the fall sandhill cranes arrive at Gray Lodge where they roost and feed. Listen for the calls of gulls and white pelicans in the spring, which give the Area a seaside sound. Day-hunting hawks, eagles and kites give way to barn, screech and long and short-eared owls at night, while great horned owls and burrowing owls hunt either day or night. Burrowing owls live in the burrows left behind by ground squirrels or other animals.
Deer, coyote, rabbits and gray fox may be seen at Gray Lodge Wildlife Area. If you don't see any of these and other Gray Lodge mammals, follow the clues they leave behind: tracks, scat, teeth marks on a tree, scrapings in the dust. Learn to read the "who ate what" and "who was here" stories evident on the ground.
Gray Lodge's 600 acres of riparian woodlands consist of stands of cottonwood and willow towering over an understory of lower shrubs and herbs. Here, blackberries grow, their rich fruits turning from bitter green to sour red to juicy purple-black. Here also, California wild grape grow, their seedy fruits a favorite with birds and wildlife. In the Sacramento Valley, as in many other areas of the state, much of the original riparian habitat was converted to farmland. The woodlands that remain at places like Gray Lodge provide food, shelter and shade for aquatic and terrestrial species like the garter snake, great blue heron, ringtail and river otter.
Freshwater marshes support a diverse array of wildlife. Some freshwater marsh plants have developed air tubes to their roots, buoyant leaves or porous leaf coverings that help them take in carbon dioxide, which they "breathe in" to help turn sunlight to sugars. Wetland plants feed insects and other tiny wetland invertebrates (creatures without backbones), which then feed fish, amphibians, reptiles, waterbirds and mammals. Waterfowl feed on swamp timothy, spike bulrush, pondweed and watergrass of Gray Lodge wetlands. Gray Lodge marshes offer seasonal resting places for waterfowl from as far away as Wrangle Island, near Russia, and the Pacific Ocean.


Cleaning the surroundings
Grade Nursery will conduct a virtual activity on "Cleaning the surroundings" on Friday, 23.04.2021.
In this activity children will have to speak about cleanliness and will have to demonstrate how to clean and organize their personal belongings like cupboards, toys, books, playroom etc.
This activity will help children to learn the basic life skills like cleanliness, sorting, organizing etc.


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that Linux guy wrote:
\SysAdmins, or better known as Network Administrators, are the ones creating, expanding and maintaining networks, small and large. They're often a jack of all trades kind of guy (or gal), who can manage your corporate network, help users print from Word, do some pen-testing, as well as crank out a bit of code when needed (though it's not usually necessary).
Your advice was really good until this point. A system administrator is not a network administrator. Sometimes, the titles get confused by HR weenies, but the industry in general does differentiate between the two.
A network administrator is in charge of the network and particularly the infrastructure, hardware, and architecture. They deal with the switches, routers, and the actual transmission of bits across the network.
A system administrator deals with the software that runs on the network. They handle the protocols, the apps that run on the network, the permissions and security of the network, and configure the software side of things.
Generally speaking (very generally), a network admin is more hardware and a sysadmin is more software. Since companies often mix the roles to reduce staffing, the terms are often confused.


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Government Undergraduate Wins Best Paper Award
Nathan Abell wins top prize at national conference
Posted: June 25, 2010
Government student Nathan Abell has received the 2010 First Place Prize for Best Undergraduate Student Paper at the 18th Annual Illinois State University National Conference for Students of Political Science. Abell won the award for his paper, "Theory and Practice of Structural Agenda Setting: A Case Study of U.S. HIV/AIDS Policy from 1979 to 1989."
In his paper, Abell offers a truly novel approach to agenda setting studies by identifying a lack of emphasis in the current literature on the structure within which agenda setting decisions are made. Focusing on the federal government's lack of timely response to the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, Abell points out that the problem was not simply lack of medical knowledge, nor active homophobia, but a combination of the two that can only be understood by accounting for the embedded social structure in which medical research progressed.
Prevailing social attitudes about homosexuality, within the medical and scientific communities as well as the public at large, predisposed scientists to identify HIV/AIDS as an explicitly homosexual disease. For example, when the medical community discovered HIV/AIDS in an individual who was both homosexual and an IV drug user, standard classificatory procedure was to categorize the individual only as homosexual, thereby swelling the numbers of cases identified solely with homosexuality. This research-generated connection between HIV/AIDS and homosexuality subsequently translated into a homophobic political response. Crucially, neither dynamic was rooted in empirical reality. Both the medical and political communities were defining the policy space based on inherited social biases about homosexuality. Studying agenda setting can therefore not simply be about studying processes and the power relationships competing within them, but must also adequately account for the structure of beliefs conditioning public actions. It was a fundamental shift in public perceptions, rather than a shift in empirical reality, which ultimately secured a place for HIV/AIDS on the policy agenda.
In explaining why the federal government was so slow to respond to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, Abell points out that one of the most shocking features of the government's response was the utter reluctance to even discuss whether the issue should be on the policy agenda, let alone make the issue a public policy priority. While active homophobia alone cannot explain this, the lack of response can still only be understood by taking into account the broad social prejudice against certain affected groups – such as homosexuals, heroin addicts, and Haitians – that was channeled through the medical and political communities. When the HIV/AIDS pandemic first emerged, the Center for Disease Control took notice and initiated action to understand and control the disease. Nonetheless, the popular and scientific perception of HIV/AIDS was that it was a 'gay' or 'degenerate' disease, prompting Abell to ask how HIV/AIDS came to be defined as a 'gay' disease, rather than an immune disease disproportionately affecting homosexual men. Part of the answer, he finds, is that the research methods employed by the scientific community were biased toward a finding of sexual identity as the driving factor, as scientists imported homophobic background knowledge into their initial studies.
The public was made aware of the pandemic in 1981, but President Ronald Reagan did not publicly, at his own initiation and for the explicit purpose of addressing the pandemic, mention the disease until 1987. The Reagan administration feared the issue politically, not wanting to associate itself with the affected populations. Due to pervasive homophobia, HIV/AIDS research and outreach became conflated with a homosexual agenda, and the political universe consequently feared association with it. The result was an overall delay in the issue becoming a subject of public discourse. A history of prejudice within the medical establishment toward homosexuals, as homosexuality had, for a long time, been classified as a mental disease, combined with anti-homosexual social attitudes input into scientific research and the public mind, and consequent political fears of association with specific groups, actively kept the issue off the public agenda. Only when the possibility of nonsexual and heterosexual transmission was documented and acknowledged within the broader public, aided by the revelations of prominent, beloved, and infected public figures, such as Rock Hudson and Magic Johnson, did the structure within which agenda setting occurs change such that actively pushing for congressional action became politically tolerable.
Jeffrey Tulis supervised Nathan's paper. This is the fourth student Tulis has supervised who has won a best paper award at the Illinois State conference; Abell is the first to take the top prize.
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Herman Wouk, a novel force
From 'The Caine Mutiny' to 'The Winds of War' to his latest, 'The Lawgiver,' he's made his mark in American letters.
Herman Wouk
Herman Wouk (Patrick Ecclesine)
The year Herman Wouk was born, Woodrow Wilson was in his first term in the White House, the Lusitania's sinking was on the front page and "The Birth of a Nation" was playing in silent movie theaters. In the 97 years since, with such books as "The Caine Mutiny," "Marjorie Morningstar and "The Winds of War," Wouk became a force in American letters, and in film and television as well. His latest novel, "The Lawgiver," tells the tale of a Hollywood struggle to make a movie about Moses. Wouk's modern story about the ancient and long-lived biblical hero unfolds via text messages, emails and plain old-fashioned letters. And he's made himself and his late wife, Betty Sarah, characters in the book. Wouk is a devotee of Skype, which is how he talked to me from his Palm Springshome.
So many towering characters in the Bible — David, Solomon. Why did you choose Moses?
When I first started, I was a comedy writer for Fred Allen. Out at sea [during World War II], I had plenty of time to think, and I decided to write a lightweight novel, "Aurora Dawn," and it did fairly well. So I was in the novel-writing business. Then I wrote "The Caine Mutiny." I discovered a narrative power I didn't know I had. I was going to be a funny writer, but here I was doing something dramatic and panoramic. I have a very strong Jewish background, and I rediscovered in the five books of Moses the greatest narrative ever written. My thought was someday I'll write a novel about Moses. As I wrote more serious, more ambitious books, I discovered I couldn't write a novel about Moses because there's no narrative that equals [the Bible's].
So I gave up on that for many years. But [after] my last book was published, I thought, what about a new book? By not making it a narrative, just doing it as somebody trying to [make a Moses movie]. That's Hollywood. I've heard there are a couple of Moses movies in the works. I even thought, as I was writing "The Lawgiver," well, suppose one of those comes out in the meantime? What does it matter? I'm doing my version.
Were you able to say things about Hollywood and yourself that you couldn't do in a traditional narrative novel?
That's right. Of course, I have mixed feelings about Hollywood, depending on how my work has turned out. I thought "The Caine Mutiny" movie was quite good. I don't want to mention the ones that were terrible. Dan Curtis, the best of the TV directors, we got together and we made a great match. I wrote the screenplays [for "Winds of War" and "War and Remembrance"] mostly directed by him. They were very long — 18 hours for "Winds of War." He kept telling me, cut out the history! They won't sit still for the history! But I pushed him on the history and he pushed me on the story, and it came out very well together.
Moviemaking is, shall I say, a very intense and self-absorbed process.
That's in the nature of not onlyartbut entertainment. I've done plays on Broadway; nothing else matters while that show is on. I'm a Sabbath observer, and I would leave for 25 hours and they'd plead, don't go away, the show is going to collapse! Twenty-five hours later it's going on the same way, the tearing of hair is the same. Anything you're really engaged in, particularly entertainment, where you face the public — it's in the nature of it to be intense. If you're not intense about it, it shows up on screen, in the play, in the novel too.
This book is composed of text messages, emails, notes of conversations — is there any future for sustained literary fictional narratives?
Whatever form it takes, storytelling will exist, and words are the medium. In film and theater you have the staging to help the story along. In a novel, all you have are the words. But there's magic in words. And one way or another, a writer who has a story to tell, like "Jane Eyre," will find a way to tell it in words. And one way or another, through Amazon or the Nook or whatever, it will show up.
Frankly, I'm very glad that there was a window in time 30 or 40 years ago when I was able to write long novels and be reasonably sure they would be read. It's an incredible business, sitting down and saying, well, I will now write "The Winds of War," it'll be 1,000 pages long, and somebody's going to print it and somebody's going to read it.
Your literary generation includes names like Norman Mailer and Saul Bellow.
I've never discussed in public or in print any of my contemporaries. It's just a rule of mine and I've stayed with it. Generally speaking, it was a pretty good generation of writers.
Whose work influenced you?
One that was very strong was "Tristram Shandy" by Laurence Sterne. It was the first anti-novel; it takes the novel and turns it inside out. There's no direct narration at all — it's all skipping around and intensely personal. The idea of the anti-novel, the story told by not being told, that's very sophisticated. When it came to doing the Moses novel, I figured the only way to tell it was not to tell it.
You were born in New York but came west decades ago.
The first time I saw the West was when Fred Allen came out to do a movie. I was writing for him then. [We] came out on the Super Chief; it was something — two or three days between Chicago and L.A. and the food was incredibly wonderful. To see the West for the first time from the Super Chief was a pleasurable thing.
Did you have an epiphany that you belonged here?
Not exactly. It was more of a "Wow! Paradise!" Until we got off the train and ran into the smog.
You met your future wife in L.A. during the war.


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Mormon myths
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Common LDS Myths
Mormon Jesus Christ Lamb
Numerous myths have been circulated about The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and some are just out and out bizarre. Here, some of the more common myths about the LDS Church will be addressed.
 - Myth: None of the Church of Jesus Christ's ministry is paid.
Answer: This is actually not true. The General Authorities are offered a living allowance because they provide full-time service. Mission Presidents receive basic financial support while they serve. However, those who serve at a local level, such as Bishops and Stake Presidents, are not paid.
 - Myth: The Mormon Church is a correct title.
Answer: This is untrue. The proper name for the Church is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and this has been the official name of the Church since 1838. The Church actually discourages the use of the term "the Mormon Church." While referring to a member of the Church as a Mormon is generally acceptable, most members prefer to be called "Latter-day Saints" or "LDS."
 - Myth: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is not a Christian church.
Answer: When given the name of the Church, it is a wonder some people deny that Latter-day Saints are Christians. The entire focus of the Church is centered around Jesus Christ, the Atonement, and the resurrection.
 - Myth: Latter-day Saints practice polygamy.
Answer: Absolutely not. The practice has been banned from the Church since 1890. Any member found practicing polygamy is excommunicated from the Church. Polygamists who claim to be Latter-day Saints are not telling the truth. Polygamist sects have no affiliation with the Church.
 - Myth: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is racist.
Answer: This is absolutely not true. In 1978, President Spencer W. Kimball stated that every "faithful, worthy man in the Church may receive the holy priesthood." Before this time, blacks of African descent were not able to receive the priesthood. This situation was not the desire of the members of the Church or its leadership. When President Kimball and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles received the revelation to extend the priesthood to all worthy male members of the Church, they had already been praying fervently for some time for that blessing. The Church's position toward all races has always been to embrace them. Latter-day Saints treated Native Americans with respect at a time when many did not, and founding prophet Joseph Smith, Jr., actually ran for President of the United States on an anti-slavery platform. Members of the Church come from all over the world, and no one is denied access to the blessings of the Church because of his race.
LDS Newsroom Video Myth and Reality with Steve Young


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and transmission. This can also lead to an increased sense of cynicism in people, who feel like they are being discriminated against because they have a negative test.
What Do the Results Indicate?
Your medical professional will interpret your antibody testing report findings in the following ways:
Positive Test Results
The positive results of the antibody test indicate the development of COVID-19 antibodies in your bloodstream. This is proof that the virus infected you previously in any form. One thing to note is that you can also test positive without actually contracting the virus. Moreover, in some cases, you can also receive a false-positive report.
Negative Test Results
The negative results of the antibody test indicate that your body didn't develop any sort of antibodies to fight COVID-19. So, you were probably never infected with the virus. On the other hand, it can also mean that you still need time to produce antibodies as your body takes a few weeks to produce new ones. As a result, you will test false-negative.


text: The logarithm function, with a slight modification, is proposed to be a general utility function for decision making under risk or uncertainty with known probability distribution. This utility function, as based on this author's concept of relative value, is mathematically and philosophically justified. It is shown that one normalized utility function or curve can be used for different problems, and also for the same problem with different degrees of personal preference of risk-aversion. It is also shown that the linear case with a straight-line utility function, in which the expected reward (ER) criterion and the expected loss (EL) criterion can be applied, is a special case of this proposed general utility function. A simple example is worked out for illustration.


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The NexSpeech® 2 module comprises the following components:
1. NexSpeech Presentation Set, including:
- LCD unit for displaying image stacks to the patient
- Video camera for recording speech behavior in baseline and stimulation sessions
2. NexSpeech Camera and Display Holder
3. Single-use NexSpeech Head Tracker
4. NexSpeech 2 main software and Analyzer software (installed on NBS System PC)
Other components are Nexstim NBS System devices.
Nexstim NBS® System 5 and NexSpeech are cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, K112881).
The Nexstim Navigated Brain Stimulation (NBS) System 5 is indicated for non-invasive mapping of the primary motor cortex of the brain to its cortical gyrus.
The Nexstim NBS System 5 provides information that may be used in the assessment of the primary motor cortex for pre-procedural planning.
Nexstim NexSpeech®, when used together with the NBS System 5, is indicated for non-invasive localization of cortical areas that do not contain essential speech function. NexSpeech® provides information that may be used in pre-surgical planning in patients undergoing brain surgery.
Intra-operatively, the localization information provided by NexSpeech® is intended to be verified by direct cortical stimulation.The Nexstim NBS System 5 and NBS System 5 with NexSpeech® are not intended to be used during a surgical procedure. The Nexstim NBS System 5 and NBS System 5 with NexSpeech® are intended to be used by trained clinical professionals.
nTMS makes surgery safer, the resection rates are higher and—in the end—the outcomes are better.
Bernhard Meyer, MD, Professor & Chair,
Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.


What Grit Sandpaper Should You Use for Knife Sharpening?
To sharpen a blade using sandpaper, you'll need 600 to 800 grit paper. These will allow you to create a bevel to sharpen into a full edge later. However, there's still a lot more to do if you want a clean finish for the blade of your knives.
different grit sizes on sandpaper
Here's when the sharpening technique and the different sandpaper sizes come into play. While the 600-800 grit sandpaper creates a sharpened edge, the higher grit sandpaper sheets will give the blade a mirror-like finish and a polished look.
Want to learn more about what grit sandpaper for knife sharpening to use? Then check this out!
What Grit Sandpaper To Use for Knife Sharpening?
The 600 grit sandpaper is the perfect size for sharpening knives. Nonetheless, you may want to use lower grits to repair the damaged knife before starting the sharpening process.
To fully understand how sandpaper works, here's the grit system. It includes the different variations of sandpaper and their most common uses.
NameUS Grit RatingUses
Coarse100-400-Remove materials like metal and wood quickly.
-Reshape blades of knives.
-Get rid of large chips and scratches to prepare the knife edge.
-Restore snapped points.
-Create a double bevel.
-Restore a dull edge.
-Flattening stone.
Medium400-700-Remove a decent amount of metal and scratches for fine edges.
-Refine edge created with coarse grits.
-Restore dull blades.
-Establish bevel angle.
-To sharpen blades and create a fine edge.
Fine800-1200-Retouching dull blades.
-Create factory edge with previously created bevel angle.
Extra-Fine2000+-Polishing steel and metal blades.
-Make shiny and sharp edges.
-Create mirror finish & straight razor sharpness.
The Number of Grit in Sandpaper
The sandpaper grit number is the rating that indicates the size of the abrasive material found on the surface of the sandpaper.
A higher number equals finer abrasive, while lower numbers are coarser abrasives.
The condition of the blade's edge also indicates what grit size you should use. As described in the chart above, coarser sandpaper ranging between 100-400 can remove chips and scratches to reshape the blade.
On the other hand, using high grit sandpaper is a great idea for polishing a sharpened knife. Pick the size depending on what your knives need.
Here's an easier way to use sandpaper:
Use the lower grits to sharpen a knife and the higher grits to smoothen and peel off impurities from the knife's blade afterward. Make sure to use both, as low and high grits are necessary for sharpening knives.
Why Do Grit Numbers Matter?
The grit number matters because it indicates what you can do with it. From removing scratches to sharpening, each sandpaper grit size is suitable for specific purposes.
I already included a chart explaining what each grit in sandpaper does, but let's take a look at a few examples.
 - You can start sharpening a knife with coarse paper and move upwards to 1200 or 1000 sandpaper for polishing the sharpening.
Tip: Keep in mind that using excessively fine grits may burn the blades and damage the edge. Plus, use a block for support.
 - Using 800 grit to sharpen a knife and brief buffing on the buffing wheel will also give the knife a razor edge. This process only takes a few minutes and it works for kitchen knives including chef's knives and the paring knife.
 - Some recommend going with lower numbers and, for instance, using 600 then strop or 400 grit sandpaper on the slack belt or leather belt to finish the sharpening.
 - Then, quick work on the whetstone to get that final edge for most applications.
 - Another common sandpaper used for sharpening kitchen knives is the 220 grit. This one is the safest for bevels during the first stages of the sharpening. You can also combine this with the buffing wheel or a sharpening stone.
 - Lastly, the 100 grit paper over a plate glass sheet will help you to prevent damage on the blade's surface, like scratches. This is because glass is an ideal flat surface when compared to old sharpening stones used years ago. So then, you can start moving forward in sandpaper grit sizes to get the sharp edge.
The Required Grit Number in Sandpaper
The required grit in sandpaper for sharpening knives is from 600 and up. You can use the lowest 100 grit to prepare the blade while preventing damage to the steel or metal material.
These can also remove scratches and impurities. Then, go with higher grits to get a sharpened edge and polish it with some hand sanding.
The Minimum Size of a Grit in Sandpaper
The general rule is that high grit sandpaper smoothens the blade while the lower grit sandpapers sharpen the edge.
Realistically, the minimum grit of sandpaper can be 40 to 80. The purpose of these grits is to repair chipped edges or re-establishing initial bevels.
The Texture of the Grit in Sandpaper
The texture of the grit in sandpaper varies depending on the rating. This is the classification:
 - Coarse texture, from 200 to 600.
 - Medium texture, from 600 to 1000.
 - Fine texture, from 1000 to 600.
 - Extra fine texture, from 6000+.
Why Does the Texture Matter?
The texture of sandpaper matters because it affects materials like metal or wood differently.
 - Coarse textures help raise a rough edge, allowing you to shape two sides of a bevel symmetrically.
 - The medium grit sandpaper refines and starts honing the primary bevel shape for the first stage of the blade sharpening process.
 - Fine (2000 grit) and extra-fine (6000 grit and above) textures polish and mirror finish the sharpness of the steel blade of the knife.
Can You Sharpen a Knife With Sandpaper?
You can sharpen a knife with sandpaper using the right grit size and the proper technique.
Forget about sharpening tiles or a sharpening stone. While those methods work great, now there's a simpler and more cost effective DIY knife sharpening kit you can make by using sandpaper.
This recommended sharpening method to follow is "The Mousepad Trick." Here's how you do it.
 1. Head to the nearest auto supply store and get a mouse pad and 600 grit sandpaper.
 2. Ideally, go with mylar-backed sandpaper, whether it's wet or dry type, and make sure it's self-stick. Additionally, pick up higher grit sandpaper sheets, like 1200.
 3. Attach the sandpaper to the mouse pad and proceed to trim the edges. This will be your new DIY knife sharpening kit, so you don't have to invest in a cheap stone or a sharpening tile.
 4. If you got 600 and 1200 grit sandpaper, attach them to each side of the mouse pad.
 5. To use this new sharpening system, you have to make a stropping motion while sharpening the knife. Therefore, it would be best if you used an edge-trailing stroke for better results. Also, don't lead the sharpening process with the edge but the spine.
 6. Establishing the angle is easy. Let the knife rest flat over the pad with the edge facing you. Then, pull gently toward you while lifting the spine lightly. Think of it as if you were making a thin slice.
 7. Don't stop lifting to let the edge bite into the sandpaper. This is the stropping angle.
 8. Start pressing down gently and move the knife away from your body. This movement should be with the spine first, moving it heel to tip.
 9. Stop and lift the blade only after reaching the end. It is important because rolling or lifting the spine would mess up the edge.
 10. Turn the knife to the other side and repeat the stroke motion the other way. For this step, the edge should be away from you as you pull the spine towards you. Again, use the same angle you used before.
 11. To polish the edge, use the other side of the mouse pad with the 1200 sandpaper sheets.
And that's how you make your own DIY knife sharpening kit without spending a lot of money. Now, let's talk about some tips you may need for sharpening knives with sandpaper.
Tips on How To Use Sandpaper To Sharpen Knives
 - Using sandpaper sheets instead of stones is a great idea because a sandpaper sheet is more consistent and you only need a few minutes to get sharp knives. In addition, it won't chip or scratch the blade of knives, unlike a sharpening stone that may damage the blade.
 - The Mousepad Trick is a fantastic sharpening method for knives. You can use it to sharpen a blade at a consistent angle, allowing you to work on both sides of the blade equally.
 - Besides, making your own knife sharpening kit with these tools is less expensive and you can pretty much take it anywhere with you. It's lightweight, convenient, and portable.
 - Using sandpaper for sharpening knives is a fast and easy method. However, some may suggest that edges sharpened with diamond stones last longer. But that


text:
Reading Horizons Discovery direct instruction materials provide teachers with scripted lessons for providing high-engagement reading instruction to beginning and struggling readers in grades K-3. The materials are aligned to the Common Core State Standards as well as individual state standards and most basal programs.
For each lesson, teachers are provided with several reinforcement and transfer activities that can easily be adapted to the needs of all of your students. Through these activities, teachers can provide students with the practice that will build their current skill level and help them transfer decoding skills to connected text. Activities are included for whole-class, small-group, and one-on-one instruction as well as individual practice.
Teachers are provided with six scripted manuals for teaching grades 1-3 and two separate volumes for Kindergarten instruction. The manuals are printed in a two-tone color that helps improve and clarify lesson organization.
The scripted lesson plans help with implementation by requiring little preparation time. In fact, a substitute teacher can easily pick up the manual and teach students high-quality reading instruction while a teacher is away.
Scripted lessons also ensure that instructional integrity is maintained. Teachers can be confident they have taught each skill as explicitly and as succinctly as possible. This helps students quickly grasp each new concept.
Aside from manuals, each teacher's kit includes non-consumable materials that can be used year after year to make instruction more engaging and interactive for students. This includes a Game Supplement, full-color Little Books, and classroom posters.
View some of our Little Books:


text:
In Reply.—We welcome the opportunity to comment on Dr Kwasman's letter. The potential misuse of collected data, be it vital records or the product of clinical investigation, requires that safeguards be adopted in developing strategies for medical or social research. The standard method used on vital records is to disassociate information that is deemed to be relevant for identification purposes from that which is not necessary for this function. Both maternal and neonatal information can be gathered from birth certificates in this way without appearing on the personal document (Figure). Obstetric complications, Apgar scores, and demographic and socioeconomic data can thereby be collected without compromising confidentiality.
The more fundamental issue raised in Dr Kwasman's letter, however, deals with the very purpose of collecting vital statistics. Clearly, there is utility in registering vital events for personal documentation. Yet, the analysis of vital data has made important contributions to understanding and improving the