text:
Scrabble word: OVERRUN
In which Scrabble dictionary does OVERRUN exist?
Definitions of OVERRUN in dictionaries:
- noun - too much production or more than expected
- verb - invade in great numbers
- verb - occupy in large numbers or live on a host
- verb - flow or run over (a limit or brim)
- verb - seize the position of and defeat
- verb - run beyond or past
- To seize the positions of and defeat conclusively: The position of the forward infantry was overrun by large numbers of enemy troops at dawn.
- To spread or swarm over destructively: Locusts overran the prairie.
- To spread swiftly throughout: The new fashion overran the country.
- To overflow: The river overran its banks.
- To run beyond or past; overshoot: The plane overran the end of the runway.
- To run or extend beyond a limit set by; exceed: Your speech has overrun the time limit.
- To rearrange or move (set type or pictures) from one column, line, or page to another.
- To set too much type for.
- To print (a job order) in a quantity larger than that ordered.
- To run over; overflow.
- To go beyond the normal or desired limit.
- An act of overrunning.
- The amount by which something overruns.
- The exceeding of estimated costs for product development and manufacture covered by contract.
- The amount by which actual costs exceed estimates.
- A run over and above the quantity ordered by a customer.
- verb - to spread or swarm over
There are 7 letters in OVERRUN: E N O R R U V
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to OVERRUN
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word OVERRUN plus a wildcard: OVERRUN?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word OVERRUN
Images for OVERRUN
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In the context of realizing ontology reasoning on resource-constrained platforms, I created an OWL2 RL ruleset in SPARQL Construct format. Note that, to support all n-ary rules, the ruleset includes a set of auxiliary rules that, as a side-effect, generate intermediary (meaningless) inferences. If support for these n-ary rules is not required, these rules could be removed (last 9 rules).
To illustrate how to use Apache Jena and the OWL2 RL ruleset for ontology-based reasoning, I created a simple Java Maven project on GitHub. This could be an efficient alternative for those having performance issues with Jena's built-in ontology reasoning support; seeing how OWL2 RL is an OWL2 profile that trades expressivity for performance.
(Note that I used my conversion web service to convert the OWL2 RL ruleset into the Apache Jena rule format.)
Check it out and let me know what you think!
Note that another post discusses how OWL2 RL can be utilized for ontology reasoning on the Android platform.
 Van Woensel, S.S.R. Abidi, Benchmarking Semantic Reasoning on Mobile Platforms: Towards Optimization Using OWL2 RL, Semant. Web J. (2018).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Russellville Police Department was not always a Police Department. The City of Russellville was incorporated in 1870 and officially recognized as a town. The city grew in large part to the railroad and coal mining industry in the 1800's. The center of the mining was in the City of Dover area. The coal would be transported to Russellville to be shipped by train. Dover was the original county seat but due to the importance of the railroad and expanding population of Russellville the county seat was moved to Russellville.
During this time the first Russellville law enforcement officer entered the scene. This first officer was referred to as the "The City Marshall". The position was an elected post and a one-man job. The City Marshall was responsible for 'controlling the criminal element, collecting fines or writs, to suppress all riots and disturbances and breaches of peace.' The original method of payment at the time was based on your job performance. The Marshall received as payment $0.75 for each warrant served, criminal taken to jail, summoning each jury before the mayor, and $0.25 for summoning each witness, and $0.50 for mileage in serving.
The transition from a City Marshall service to a Police service date is unknown at this time. However, we do know that there was a Russellville Police Force in 1941. In 1941 the Russellville Police Department consisted of three officers. The Police Chief at the time was Chief Cecil McCarley and he had a 24-year tenure as the Chief of Police. He retired in 1964 and the department had increased in size to an eight-man department.
The department slowly grew through the 70's and 80's in response to the expanding Russellville city limits. In 1982, the police department was a sixteen-man department with two detectives and dispatch center with dispatchers.
The current department now employs 57 sworn full-time officers and a support staff of 6 civilians. The department is housed at 115 West H Street, Russellville, AR and is excited about the future of the City and its potential growth. The department will rise to meet the needs of the citizens of Russellville and continue the time-honored tradition of "Serving Our Community."
RPD History 1RPD History 2


Puppy Jokes
If you're searching for funny jokes about Puppies, then you're going to love this collection of puppy jokes.
Puppies are cute, and so are a lot of these jokes. You'll also find some real knee-slappers! These jokes about puppies are clean and safe for kids of all ages.
These puppy jokes are perfect for parents, teachers, babysitters, vets and everyone else who loves puppies. When you're done reading, and laughing, at these puppy jokes, make sure you look at our collection of funny dog jokes
Jokes About Puppies
Q: What do they call a silly puppy in the Outback?
A: A dingo-ling
Q: Which American city do puppies like the most?
A: New Yorkie
Q: What tiny puppy loves bubble baths?
A: A shampoodle
Q: What do you call a puppy in a sauna?
A: A hot dog.
Q: What do puppies eat for breakfast?
A: Pooched eggs.
Q: What did the waiter say to the puppy?
A: bone-appetit!
Q: What do you call a really cold puppy?
A: A pupsicle.
More Jokes Continue Below ↓ ↓
Q: What do puppies love to eat for dinner?
A: Pupperoni pizza.
Q: What did the person put a timex on his puppy?
A: He was raising it to be a watch dog.
Q: What kind of car do puppies always bark at?
A: The Catillac.
Q: What didn't the puppy like to play with the old cat?
A: It was a sour puss
Q: What do puppies say when their happy?
A: Yip-Yip-Yipeee!
Q: During what kind of weather is a veteranarian the busiest?
A: When it's raining cats and dogs!
Q: If lights run on electricity and buses run on gas, what do puppies run on?
A: Their paws.
Q: What do puppies do when they get mad?
A: Puppies don't get mad…
Q: During which month do puppies cry the least?
A: February – because it's the shortest month.
Q: What do you call a puppie that digs on the beach?
A: Sandy Paws.
Q: Which side of a puppy has the most hair?
A: The outside.
Q: Why can't puppies give high fives?
A: It's impawsible.
More Jokes Continue Below ↓ ↓
Q: How is a puppy like a coin?
Q: Who always baby sat the puppy?
A: His Grand-Paw
Q: Where can your puppy sit, but you can't?
A: In your lap.
Now take a look at our collection of funny dog jokes for even more laughs!
Halloween Jokes on your Phone or Device


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Printable Version Pronunciation: kin-dêl Hear it!
Part of Speech: Verb
Meaning: 1. (Transitive) To ignite an actual or emotional fire; to light up as though on fire, as the sun might kindle a resplendent dawn across the horizon. 2. (Intransitive) To become ignited or aroused.
Notes: Exactly what motivated the marketers at Amazon.com to name its new e-book reader the Kindle may never be known. Perhaps they hoped reading books in electronic form would kindle something in us that reading the printed page would not. The frumpy personal noun kindler has been used a time or two. The other noun, kindling "small pieces of wood for starting a fire", is more appealing but not often used in modern times. The derivative most frequently used today is by far rekindle, as an attempt to rekindle an old love affair.
In Play: We don't use this word in its literal meaning much these days, though it is much lovelier than all the synonymous alternatives: "The highlight of the Christmas season for Burney Wood was the moment he kindled the fire in his hearth on which he would later lay the Yule log." We are much more likely to use the figurative sense these days: "Epiphany Wright was the spark that kindled Michael Angelo's creativity and launched him from the boredom of his early life into his successful career as an artist."
Word History: Today's Good Word is another gift of the Vikings, the ancestors of the Danes and Norwegians of today. They began raiding the coasts of England toward the end of the 9th century and then began settling there. Old Norse kindill "candle, torch", from kynda "to kindle", was adopted by the English, probably to refer to kindling, since kindling in those days was often used as torches. The same root that gave Old Norse kindill emerged in Latin as candere "to shine" and candela "a light, torch". English, of course, borrowed the latter as candle plus several other Latin words with the same root, like incandescent. (We are very grateful that Diane Cobb-Cichowski kindled our interest in today's loveliest of Good Words for starting a fire.)
Dr. Goodword, alphaDictionary.com


text: Aims. We analyse the distribution of matter around the progenitor star of gamma-ray burst GRB 021004 and the properties of its host galaxy with high-resolution echelle and near-infrared spectroscopy. Methods. Observations were taken by the 8.2 m Very Large Telescope with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle spectrograph (UVES) and the Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera (ISAAC) between 10 and 14 h after the onset of the event. Results. We report the first detection of emission lines from a GRB host galaxy in the near-infrared, detecting Ha and the [O III] doublet. These allow us to independently measure the systemic redshift (z = 2.3304 +/- 0.0005), which is not contaminated by absorption as the Lya line is, and infer the host galaxy properties. From the visual echelle spectroscopy, we find several absorption-line groups spanning a range of about 3000 km s-1 in velocity relative to the redshift of the host galaxy. The absorption profiles are very complex with both velocity-broadened components extending over several 100 km s-1 and narrow lines with velocity widths of only 20 km s-1. By analogy with QSO absorption line studies, the relative velocities, widths, and degrees of ionization of the lines ( linelocking, ionization-velocity correlation ) show that the progenitor had both an extremely strong radiation field and several distinct mass-loss phases (winds). Conclusions. These results are consistent with GRB progenitors being massive stars, such as luminous blue variables (LBVs) or Wolf-Rayet stars, providing a detailed picture of the spatial and velocity structure of the GRB progenitor star at the time of explosion. The host galaxy is a prolific star-forming galaxy with a SFR of 40 M.


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Packet Power is frequently asked how to access the voltage source when installing power monitors. This can be done using a variety of methods.
Voltage monitoring point Access voltage for power monitoring at any point on the circuit provided:
The voltage tap is close enough to the CT location that there is not a significant voltage drop -- upwards of 100 feet (30 meters) in many cases.
The voltage tap and the CTs are both on the same side of a transformer, UPS or any voltage conversion device -- both must be on the input or output.
Current requirements Packet Power's monitors require a fraction of an Amp of power so are fused at less than 1A and only require small gauge wire.
Fusing requirements Many Packet Power monitors are internally fused, but best practice and code compliance may require fusing on the voltage connections. Packet Power offers inline fuse kits for this purpose. These are available for 120-240V and 480V systems.
VOLTAGE TAP CONNECTION METHODS
Dedicated circuit breakers Utilizing a small existing circuit breaker on a panelboard is among the most common methods of accessing voltage.
Spare terminals Some PDUs, RPPs and switchgear contain small auxiliary terminal blocks that can be used to source voltage for the meter.
Insulation displacement connectors (IDCs) IDCs pierce the insulation on an existing conductor and provide a means for safely connecting a second "tap" line that can be used to source the voltage. These connectors are available in many sizes and are specified according to the primary and tap conductors. Most are UL listed and code compliant but may not be accepted in all jurisdictions.
Tapping the busbar
Electricians drill and tap the busbar and attach the conductor directly to the busbar using a ring terminal.
Busbar taps clamp directly to an existing busbar and allow for a secondary voltage tap. This approach is more common in Europe and not typically used in North America. Busbar taps can be expensive but are essential in some applications.
Double lugging The practice of double lugging entails sharing the lug or terminal of the conductor with the voltage sensing wire. This is done when the primary conductor is much larger than the voltage tap wire. Ideally this is done where there are large compression lugs securing the primary conductor. Double lugging may not be approved in all jurisdictions.
Cable splitter via wire nut or twin wire ferrule When the primary and tap conductors are close in size, the best practice is to use a single conductor entering the terminal of the voltage source. This single conductor can then be branched into two sources after it leaves the terminal using a code compliant method such as a wire nut or twin wire ferrule
FINAL NOTE We have provided a quick summary of the most common ways to tap into a voltage source. Please note the acquisition method most suitable for your facility is subject to your regional electrical codes and the judgement of a qualified electrician familiar with the job at hand.


3 Jan 2013
Does Costa win signal British comics comeback?
As Mary and Bryan Talbot's Dotter of Her Father's Eyes becomes the first graphic novel to win a Costa award, Hayley Campbell asks if comics are still a tough pill to swallow for the literary world.
British comics are noticeably everywhere now because a few years ago they very noticeably weren't.
After a flurry of activity in the mid-80s – which saw London become a teeming hotbed of comics creation, while stuff like Alan Moore's Watchmen made Americans unroll their maps to find out where these ideas were coming from – things sort of went off the boil.
Comics anthologies had been thought up and churned out with a kind of "scene" mentality that brought together all sorts of people – people who might have otherwise gone off to do films or write books, but didn't because there are some things that only work in comics.
There is a natural juxtaposition of ideas and sensibilities in comics that fuse or clash like no other art form. In the mid-'90s lots of these people disappeared, along with the still-young publishing ventures, but others stayed and self-published or shipped off to work in America.
Perhaps comics are an easier pill to swallow for the haughty literary society if you coat them in Ulysses and call it a memoir.
Neil Gaiman is one of the most famous anthology faces that emerged at that time, and one of his old collaborators was Bryan Talbot who had been doing his own underground comics since the late 1960s.
In 2007, when the British comics industry was starting to creak and groan back into existence (in the form of new publishing houses SelfMadeHero, Nobrow, Blank Slate, et al), Talbot was picked up by Jonathan Cape, the graphic novel imprint of "proper books" publisher Random House.
His Alice in Sunderland came out that same year, linking Lewis Carroll to that bit of England where everyone talks like Our Friends in the North.
His Costa Prize nomination for his latest book Dotter of Her Father's Eyes came as a surprise given the dozens of British comics worthy of the nod this year, but it makes sense if you pick it apart: Talbot has linked himself (or his wife, co-author Mary Talbot) not to Lewis Carroll this time but to another literary big cheese: James Joyce.
Perhaps comics are an easier pill to swallow for literary society if you coat them in Ulysses and call it a memoir.
Hayley Campbell writes on comics for The Comics Journal


text:
Let's look at an example:
(a) Tanya's car is the sixth one that is yellow.
(b) Tanya's car is the sixth one, which is yellow.
These have different meanings. The first tells you that we look for 6 yellow cars, and take the last of them. The second tells us that Tanya's car is the sixth in line, and that it also happens to be yellow.
In the first sentence, we use "that" because knowing the color is essential to finding her car. In sentence (b) we use "which" to introduce a clause containing some information we don't necessarily need to identify her car.
We use the word "that" when the information following it is necessary and we use "which" when the information isn't necessarily required to identify the subject in question.
Hope this helps!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Turning Off or Freezing a Layer in Autocad, what's the difference?
Awhile back, I was training a client on how to prepare his files in Autocad, prior to registering them in his CAFM/IWMS system, ARCHIBUS. My colleague, James Castruccio, introduced me and spoke very highly of my cad expertise to the gentleman I was training. While I was conducting the training, over a GoToMeeting, he was performing other work on the project and just listening in.
There was a point at which I was in the Layer Properties Manager dialog box and James piped up with a question, stating that he had always wondered why we sometimes freeze layers and other times turn them off, and could I educate him as to the differences?
You know, I have been doing this for so long, and have never had to articulate that before, having just sort of internalized the situations in which I would use one over the other.
Reflecting back on the topic, in the past, there were more functionality differences, before computing power and refresh rates, etc caught up to the functions of a full featured CAD program, but, I will try to focus on what is still applicable in more modern releases.
How are Freezing and Turning Off a Layer Similar?
Let's start with the things these two options have in common?
 1. Makes a layer invisible to the user
 2. Control from the Ribbon (Layers Panel of the Home tab)
 3. Control from the Layer Properties Manager
 4. Invoke from the Command Line interface
 1. LAYFRZ
 2. LAYOFF
 5. DWG Compare ignores layers that are Off or Frozen
How are they Different?
LAYOFF - Autocad's memory still holds the geometry
LAYFRZ - Autocad forgets the entities
 - this can speed up panning, zooming and regenerating
 - is ignored by Extents
 - is ignored during Rendering
TIP: When attaching an XREF, it is a good idea to have a dedicated layer for each one. So, you can easily FREEZE the layer and hide all of the external reference's layers, allowing an easy ZE or publish to extents, focusing only on the contents of the drawing you are working in.
LAYON - Does not force a regeneration of the drawing
LAYTHW - Forces a regen
OFF - Can be made the current layer
FROZEN - Cannot be made current
WARNING: When your current layer is turned OFF, any objects you create or insert will immediately become invisible and remain that way, until you turn the layer back on.
FROZEN - Entities are not selectable by any means or methods
OFF - Layers may be selected using the ALL option
WARNING: If you use the ALL option of the SELECT command, and choose to move or erase objects, even the objects on OFF layers will be affected.
OFF - Blocks with multiple layers might still be partially visible, even if the layer the block is inserted on has been turned OFF
FROZEN - Freezing the layer of a block will make all entities invisible
FROZEN - Layers can be frozen by Viewport
OFF - Cannot be controlled independently by VP
Other Layer Controls:
LAYISO invokes the OFF option, not the FROZEN option
LOCK - Unlike freezing or turning off a layer, when you lock a layer, it is still visible, just not able to be manipulated at all
If I have missed any differences or caveats to these to functions, please let me know in the comments.
Oh, and just to prove my street cred as someone who knows her layers, here is a t-shirt that my colleague The CAD Geek had made for me when we went toe to toe as the head of families for AutoCAD Family Feud at AU 2016. Thanks for the great conversation piece, Donnie!


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Predictive Modeling is a process through which a future outcome or behavior is predicted based on the past and current data at hand. It is a statistical analysis technique that enables the evaluation and calculation of the probability of certain results. Predictive modeling works by collecting data, creating a statistical model and applying probabilistic techniques to predict the likely outcome.
Precision looks at the ratio of correct positive observations.
The formula is True Positives / (True Positives + False Positives).
Note that the denominator is the count of all positive predictions, including positive observations of events which were, in fact, negative.
Power Analysis is an important aspect of experimental design. It allows us to determine the sample size required to detect an effect of a given size with a given degree of confidence.
There are four parameters involved in a power analysis. The research must 'know' 3 and solve
for the 4th.
Probability of finding significance where there is none
Probability of a Type I error
Usually set to.05
Probability of finding true significance
1 – beta, where beta is:
Probability of not finding significance when it is there
Probability of a Type II error
Usually set to.80
The sample size (usually the parameter you are solving for)
May be known and fixed due to study constraints
4. Effect size:
Usually, the 'expected effect' is ascertained from:
Pilot study results
Published findings from a similar study or studies
May need to be calculated from results if not reported
May need to be translated as design specific using rules of thumb
Field defined 'meaningful effect'
Educated guess (based on informal observations and knowledge of the
Paired t-Test has its purpose in the testing is to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the mean difference between paired observations on a particular outcome is significantly different from zero. The Paired-Samples t Test is a parametric test. This test is also known as Dependent t-Test.
Out-Of-Sample Evaluation means to withhold some of the sample data from the model identification and estimation process, then use the model to make predictions for the hold-out data in order to see how accurate they are and to determine whether the statistics of their errors are similar to those that the model made within the sample of data that was fitted.
Multinomial Logistic Regression is the linear regression analysis to conduct when the dependent variable is nominal with more than two levels. Thus it is an extension of logistic regression, which analyzes dichotomous (binary) dependents. Since the output of the analysis is somewhat different to the logistic regression's output, multinomial regression is sometimes used instead. Like all linear regressions, the multinomial regression is a predictive analysis. Multinomial regression is used to describe data and to explain the relationship between one dependent nominal variable and one or more continuous-level(interval or ratio scale) independent variables.
Model Fitting is running an algorithm to learn the relationship between predictors and outcome so that you can predict the future values of the outcome.
It proceeds in three steps:
First, you need a function that takes in a set of parameters and returns a predicted data set.
Second you need an 'error function' that provides a number representing the difference between your data and the model's prediction for any given set of model parameters.
Third, you need to find the parameters that minimize this difference. Once you set things up properly, this third step is easy.
Markov Model in probability theory is a stochastic model used to model randomly changing systems where it is assumed that future states depend only on the current state not on the events that occurred before it (defined as the Markov property). Generally, this assumption enables reasoning and computation with the model that would otherwise be intractable. For this reason, in the fields of predictive modeling and probabilistic forecasting, it is desirable for a given model to exhibit the Markov property. There are four most common Markov models used in different situations, depending on whether every sequential state is observable or not, and whether the system is to be adjusted on the basis of observations made.
These are Markov chain (the simplest model), Hidden Markov Model (Markov chain with only part of states observable), Markov decision process (chain with applied action vector) and Hidden Markov decision process. There is also a Markov random field, or Markov network may be considered to be a generalization of a Markov chain in multiple dimensions, and Hierarchical Markov Models which can be applied to categorize human behavior at various levels of abstraction.
Manhattan Distance is the distance between two points measured along axes at right angles. The name hints to the grid layout of the streets of Manhattan, which causes the shortest path a car could take between two points in the city. The limitation of the Manhattan Distance heuristic is that it considers each tile independently, while in fact, tiles interfere with each other.
MAE – Mean Absolute Error in statistics is a quantity used to measure how close forecasts or predictions are to the eventual outcomes.The mean absolute error is an average of the absolute error where is the prediction and the true value. Note that alternative formulations may include relative frequencies as weight factors. The mean absolute error used the same scale as the data being measured. This is known as a scale-dependent accuracy measure and therefore cannot be used to make comparisons between series using different scales. The mean absolute error is a common measure of forecast error in time series analysis, where the terms "mean absolute deviation" is sometimes used in confusion with the more standard definition of mean absolute deviation. The same confusion exists more generally.


text:
photoexcitation. With increasing temperature, more and more atoms are completely ionized, and the scope for the above absorption processes decreases. Therefore the matter in the penumbra is more transparent than the low temperature photospheric matter and that in the umbra more transparent than both of these.
Radially outward motions in the sunspot penumbrae (parallel to the photospheric surface), named as the Evershed velocities (after their discoverer) are known to exist. No vertical or tangential velocities were ever observed in the penumbrae. The radial velocityradial to the spotincreases from about 1.0 km/sec at the boundary between umbra and penumbra, reaches a maximum of about 2.0 km/sec near the center of the penumbra and comes to zero at the outer edge of the penumbra. It is also known that the Evershed velocity increases with the depth.
According to Bray and Loughhead:
... The simplest interpretation of the Evershed effect is that it consists of a laminar flow of matter outwards from the umbra along the filaments...
All the above description of the Evershed effect exactly fits our theoretical conclusion that the penumbral matter is in the intermediate temperature range. The commencement of the radial velocity with a finite value (instead of a zero value) at the boundary of the umbra, the sustained laminar-like flow, despite the existence of a steep velocity gradient in the vertical direction, the apparent motion against the pressure gradient, all of these point to the same thing, namely, that the motions in the penumbra pertain to the region of equivalent space.
In Section 3.2.4 we have shown that thermal motion beyond the unit level tends to contract a material aggregate. Therefore the decrease in the intermediate temperature with the increase in the penumbral radius involves a re-expansion that extends all along the radius. Although this manifests as a flow in the penumbral filaments, in reality, its true nature is altogether different.
We shall let Larson explain it:
At this time we will take a look at another of the observable effects of motion in time... its effect in distorting the scale of the spatial reference system.
Thus at higher intermediate temperatures there will be a greater scale distortion (in the manner of contraction) and vice versa.
The Evershed flow is not a genuine change of position of the particles of matter in the space of the reference system: it is, rather, the effect of the occurrence of a scale gradient accompanying the temperature gradient in the intermediate region.
The radiation intensity of the sunspots is measured at several frequency ranges. The current practice of treating this radiation as conforming to the continuum spectrum of the blackbody radiation has lead to conflicting results.
Bray and Loughhead remark, As a direct consequence of the umbra's low temperature, its spectral class is later than that of the photospheredKo as compared to dGo-2 for the photosphere. Then on making a comparison with the observed intensity values they conclude: It follows that the spectral class of the umbra is decidedly earlier than the temperature derived from intensity measurements made in the continuous spectrum would lead one to expect. The origin of this discrepancy is unknown. This must be so, as long as the true status of this radiation is not recognized.
Quoting again from them:... numerous weak [spectral] bands due to unidentified compounds have so far been seen only in spots, and... unidentified bands in the sunspot spectrum are more numerous than those now accounted for.
The entire surface of the photosphere appears covered with uniformly bright cells, called the granules, separated by the darker intergranular material. These granules are believed to be convection cells. Observations show that there is an increase in intensity at the Violet and UV wavelengths giving rise to the appearance of bright, ring-like regions around the spots.
Bray and Loughhead report that it is found that the intensity of the bright ring is greatest immediately outside the penumbra and decreases slowly outwards... the bright rings are unusually intense around spots showing large Evershed velocities.
No satisfactory explanation of the presence of the bright rings in the photosphere around spots... has yet been given. Rightly so. But the moment we realize that the spots are hotter and not cooler than the photosphere, then enhanced brightness can be attributed to the energy transfer from the spot.
Moreover, from heat transfer studies, it is known that an increased heat transfer rate is correlated with smaller size of the convective cells. We see from Bray et al that the size distribution of the solar granulation is extremely uniform over the solar surface...
... Several authors have observed a reduction in the granule diameter or mean spacing in the close neighborhood of sunspots..., which so far has received no theoretical attention. In addition, these areas of reduced granule size adjacent to the spots are found to coincide with the regions of enhanced brightness mentioned above.
Polarization measurements on the integrated radiation from the sunspots indicates that it is partially plane polarized. This, of course, is what is to be expected (see the end of Section 3.1).
We have already discussed some aspects of the magnetic fields, the prominences, and the granulation in association with the spots.
In addition to the continuum and line emission, different other patterns of radiation emission are observed in conjunction with sunspot groups. Non-thermal radio emission in the metric frequency range is often found above spot groups and is known as the Type I continuum storm. Such sunspot groups with Type I emission are also found responsible for the generation of solar flares (sudden, local increases in the surface brightness of the sun).
Emission of micro-waves, soft thermal X-rays, high energy particles (of MeV-BeV range), hard non-thermal X-rays, gamma rays, and non-thermal burst emissions at radio frequencies are all known to occur in the several phases of the solar flares. Some of the radiation is seen to be strongly polarized. The scientists admit that as yet no satisfactory and consistent explanation of the complex nature of these radiation phenomena is available.
Larson discusses at length the processes that generate non-thermal X-rays and radio waves. He explains how stable isotopes become radioactive and emit radiation at radio wavelengths when they are transported from the low temperature region to the intermediate temperature region. In a similar manner, he shows that when matter which has attained isotopic stability in the intermediate temperature region is transported to the low temperature region, it again becomes radioactive and emits X-rays and gamma rays. As such, it is not difficult to account for the origin of the variety of the observed radiations in association with the sunspots, once the presence of the ultra high and the intermediate speed matter in and around them is recognized.
We have shown that reasoning from the principles embodied in the Reciprocal System it is possible to explore the internal structure of the sun. The theoretical understanding so obtained is in consonance with the observations of sunspot and relevant phenomena.
The main thesis derived is that sunspots are produced by the surfacing of the ultra high temperature matter in the solar core in the form of thredules to the photospheric level.
It must be mentioned that the theoretical account of the solar interior herein reported is a simplified one that is meant to serve as the basis for further, more detailed, work.


text:
One of the most frequently asked questions in Forex is the reinvestment policy. If, for example, interest on deposits is paid after a fixed period, then the profit amount is known after each Forex transaction.
What should you do with the profit? Should you withdraw the profit to lower the risk or invest it in trading? What is better: 'a bird in the hand' or a potential increase in the deposit? How much can you earn with such a strategy in a month, for example?
An online compounding calculator forex will help you. If you want to know how to calculate forex profit, you can use the financial Forex profit calculator to:
- Calculate compound forex interest earnings based on increasing the deposit balance by adding the profit received. The trader calculator also calculates the yields, including withdrawals or depositing.
- Find out how soon you can achieve profit targets with or without reinvestment.
Read on, and you will know how you can use the forex compounding calculator. It will be interesting and useful!
The article covers the following subjects:
- What is a forex compounding calculator?
- How do you calculate compounding interest?
- Forex profit calculator
- Importance of a forex compounding calculator
- Forex compounding calculator and trading strategies
- Forex compounding calculator FAQs
What is a forex compounding calculator?
One of the methods to assess the efficiency and performance of a trading strategy is to analyze its profit/risk ratio. The performance in terms of certain periods can be seen in the backtest.
- If you want to learn how to use the MT4 strategy tester, read the articles about MetaTrader 4 Strategy Tester and FX Blue trading simulator review. I also recommend you to learn about the methods to analyze the performance of trading systems. You can read more in the article devoted to the Rules for evaluating the trading system and its equity.
The tester suggests that you trade only with the main deposit amount; it doesn't consider the profit. There are two questions:
- What if the profit is also put into trading – reinvested? This will allow you to increase the position volume and earn even more. And with what frequency then to carry out reinvestment – once a day, a week, a month?
- Is the procedure worth it? The constant withdrawal of profit in Forex at least up to an amount equal to the starting capital minimizes risks. How much more will you earn with the reinvestment strategy, and does it make sense to risk and not to withdraw the money from time to time.
These questions are the elements of a trading approach based on finding a balance between the pursuit of deposit acceleration and control of the risk level. The forex compounding interest calculator with capitalization and depositing is one tool that helps traders answer these questions using mathematical methods.
Forex Compounding Calculator is a tool that helps traders calculate the earnings according to the specified parameters:
The number of investment periods.
Reinvestment is a way to rapidly increase the deposit. That is why the forex compounding calculator of interest capitalization is most commonly used when building high-risk trading strategies. For example, they could be trading the Martingale way, pyramiding, and so on.
How does forex compounding calculator work?
The Forex compounding calculator is based on the standard capitalization formula. You specify the amount of the initial deposit, monthly profitability, and the number of re-investments. For example, the investment period is a year, the number of reinvestments is 4.
In the first quarter, the Forex profit calculation shows the profit for 3 months from the initial deposit amount.
In the second quarter, the income of the first quarter is added to the initial deposit, and the result is calculated based on the new amount.
In the third quarter, the amount of income for both quarters is added to the initial deposit, and the result is calculated.
In the fourth quarter, the amount of income for the three previous quarters is added to the initial deposit, and the result is calculated.
According to the forex income calculator, profit grows in arithmetic progression without reinvestment, with reinvestment – in geometric progression. Profit for each subsequent period is calculated based on the amount of the initial deposit and income for the previous periods. So you can easily find out your potential gain using a forex income calculator.
How do you calculate compounding interest?
The compounding interest is calculated according to the following:
- S is the amount that the trader will receive at the end of the investment period.
- D is the initial deposit amount.
- r is the expected annual yield of trading. You can take this value in the results of the testing on the historical data.
- n is the number of reinvestments during a year. For example, if the gain is added to the deposit once a month, n=12.
- t is the number of years. For example, for the investment period of six months, t=0.5.
The period of a year is not the only reference period. For example, r can correspond to the strategy's profitability for 1 month. But then, for the investment period of 6 months, t = 6; with reinvestment once a week, n = 4.
Example one (net profit without reinvestment).
Initial deposit is 100 USD.
Average profitability of the trading system is 5% per month.
Investment period is three months. You are not meant to withdraw or deposit the money.
In six months, the account balance will be S = 100 + 100 * 0.05 * 3 = 115 USD. Profit – 15 USD.
Example 2 (with reinvestment).
Input parameters are the same, but the profit is reinvested each month.
Profit for the first month: 100*0.05 = 5 USD.
Profit for the second month: (100+5)*0.05 = 5,25 USD.
Profit for the third month: (100+5+5.25)*0.05 = 5.51 USD.
The total profit over three months — 15.76 USD, the deposit amount – 115.76 USD, according to the forex calculator profit.
The calculation is the same, but there is used the compound interest formula:
S = 100 * (1 + 0,15/3)^3 = 115,76, where
- 100 — initial deposit.
- 0.15 — interest rate. The entire investment period is 3 months, so the yield is 5% per month, r = 0.05*3.
- 3 — number of reinvestments.
- t = 1.
Because of the reinvestment in the second example, the trader earned over three months a profit that is 0.76 USD more than that if without reinvestment.
To calculate the total profit from Forex trading with reinvestment, you can build an Excel model. But it is easier to use a calculator that already has this model.
Forex profit calculator
If you build a forex trading system with a reasonable risk-management model, you should answer the following questions:
What is the relevant position volume, based on the initial deposit?
What are reasonable stop loss and take profit levels, according to the strategy?
What is the acceptable risk per trade and for all open positions?
To answer these questions, you need to know the pip price, margin level, potential profit, and so on. You can calculate all those parameters manually or in Excel. Suppose you are a beginner trade, will you calculate the parameters manually, and how soon will you get confused with the numbers? Here, you had better apply the Forex profit calculation.
Forex profit calculator or the trader forex compound calculator is an essential tool that helps you:
Calculate the pip value based on the position volume and the currency pair (or any other trading asset).
Calculate the correct position volume according to the particular trading strategy.
Estimate the risk level according to the financial leverage.
Calculate the total profit based on the position volume of the particular trading asset, including the swap and spread in pips and currency units.
Calculate the margin amount for a trade.
You enter the trading account type, account currency, leverage size. You also enter the currency pair and the trade volume, exchange rate. Finally, you get the result:
If you change the input data, you will see how the margin changes depending on the leverage. You will also see how the pip value and the profit change along with the position volume. Thus, you can instantly learn how much you can earn on the instrument's average daily volatility, including the spread and the swap.
Try yourself how a trading calculator works using the one below:
How to calculate the profit using the compounding interest calculator?
Now, I will demonstrate how to use the online forex compounding calculator. We enter the same input data as we used for the manual calculation. The initial deposit is 100 USD, the expected monthly profit is 5%, the investment period is three months.
The advantage of the forex compound calculator is that you can also include the monthly deposit or monthly withdrawal. In our example, these are zero. We get the result:
Monthly division of the trading system's profitability and the total balance profit. It clearly shows how fast the profit is growing with or without reinvestment. Without reinvestment, the monthly profit would be 5 USD.
One of the drawbacks of the Forex compound interest calculator with reinvestment is that it suggests adding profit to the balance only once a month.
To calculate the income when reinvesting once a week with the same input data, you will have to perform several mathematical steps. For example, instead of 3 months, enter 4 * 3 = 12, instead of 5% profit every month – 5/4 = 1.25. That is, the dimension of the value in the "Investment


text:
Religion in Africa is varied. There are many tribal religions in which there is
more than one God. Also, in Northern Africa Islamic and Muslim religions
are common. Near Southern Africa, mix religions are common due to
immigration and multiculturalism.
Many countries in Africa use democratic or republic government systems.
Some tribal communities have leaders that are elected by birth or by skill,
but most major countries have elections although bias has been
discovered in some electoral proceedings in Africa. Including just recently
in Zimbabwe, where the two political parties caused such turmoil that the
life expectancy dropped to an all time low in the country. This is one
negative outcome of African politics. One positive event in African politics
is the election of Nelson Mandela in South Africa. The 'ups and downs' of
in Africa are similar to those found around the world.


text:
In this talk, we present an overview of the essential features of the conformal anomaly. On general geometrical grounds, we will see how an amplitude that is both gauge and conformal invariant will contain anomalous trace contributions in the physical limit $d=4$.
Then we will discuss how to obtain the effective anomaly action and illustrate the derivation of the conformal Ward identities directly from its path-integral definition and its Weyl symmetry, which is an alternative to the standard operatorial approach used in conformal field theories in flat space. Then we will present the method to write the general structure of correlation functions in momentum space by solving the conformal constraints. We briefly discuss the procedure for scalar four-point functions to determine the dual conformal solutions, identified only by the CWIs, and related to the conformal Yangian symmetry. We will see that in correlation functions with energy-momentum tensors, evaluated around a flat spacetime, the conformal anomaly is characterized by the (non-local) exchange of massless poles in specific form factors, which has been investigated both in free field theory and non-perturbatively.


text:
It's becoming more common today to find bulbs that have a lower voltage than
standard 120 volt. The reason for that is the technology to operate low
voltage light bulbs properly has improved, better control with better
transformers make these lamps a reality for everyday use. There are many
different voltages they could be classified this way such as 6 volt, 12 volt or
24 volt, but the most common of these are the 12 volt bulbs. Some come in MR16
shape, MR11 or even the common household light bulb. These are the standard size bulbs which you might be familiar with,
the ones you've probably bought for years in hardware stores. You might
also know them as A19 bulbs. The "A"
shape was one of the first designs and continues to still be the one most people
use. They fit in almost any light fixture, but one of the most common
places that it's used are in landscape and outdoor lighting. It has a
standard medium base and screws into sockets that are made for all kinds of
lighting. The reason they have an outdoor application is that many light systems for landscape light fixtures utilize low voltage light bulbs.
Of course, there are the 12 volt halogen lamps of the bipin variety which fit
in these fixtures as well. They are very small, so it makes an ideal
solution for small fixtures requiring high amounts of illumination.
Incandescent lamps are the type that were developed earliest of any of the other
kinds and these developed into what we know as the low voltage light bulbs.
As far as the household bulbs go, there are several wattages of these that are available right now which would be
the 25, 50, 75 or 100 watt versions. They have a frosted finish and are the
same size as regular bulbs. There are also a great number of MR16
lamps which are the 12 or 24 volt specification in many wattages and a variety of
beam spreads. The MR16 is commonly used in track lighting in retail stores
and the 12 volt system is the one of choice for most engineers.
If you don't know whether you have a low or high voltage system inside
then you need to have an electrician check it out for you or check the previous
bulb you used and look for a lower volt rating than 120 volt anywhere on the bulb itself. Although
this voltage isn't a common use of an A shape light bulb, they do pop up once in a while for
certain kinds of 12 volt lighting situations. We always keep these in
stock and we sell them at a very reasonable price.
If you've decided on eLightBulbs.com, you've made an excellent choice for
low voltage light bulbs. From landscape lighting, track lighting, recessed
lighting in finer
homes, you will most likely find these special lamps
lighting your way. Remember that there are many types of bulbs, we describe just
some of the most common used in home and commercial lighting here. Whatever
type you choose, you will be getting the highest quality and the most
light you can for your money. If you need help identifying a bulb,
our customer service representatives can help you determine what you have.


Multiple vulnerabilities in Ezylog photovoltaic management server
Multiple vulnerabilities in Ezylog photovoltaic management server
Title: Multiple vulnerabilities in Ezylog photovoltaic management server
Discovery date: 27/08/2012
Release date: 11/09/2012
Credits: Roberto Paleari (roberto@xxxxxxxxxxx, _USER_)
Ivan Speziale (ivan.speziale@xxxxxxxx)
The vulnerabilities discussed in this advisory affect the Schneider Electric
Ezylog photovoltaic SCADA management server. However, the same management
server is shared among different photovoltaic SCADA products from several
manufacturers, with few customization. Thus, the same vulnerabilities should
also apply to other products as well. All the firmware versions we analyzed
have been found to be affected by these issues.
The software running on the affected devices is vulnerable to multiple security
issues, that allow unauthenticated remote attackers to gain administrative
access and execute arbitrary commands. The details of the vulnerabilities we
found are discussed next.
a) SQL injection vulnerabilities
Many of the web pages included inside the device firmware are vulnerable to SQL
injection (SQLI) issues, and allow attackers to interact with the underlying
MySQL database. In the following we provide just few examples for this
vulnerability class, but the same kind of defect also affects several different
web pages.
Page "dettagliinverter.php" can be accessed with no authentication, with two
GET parameters:
The "inverterselect" argument is subject to a very straightforward SQLI issue,
exploitable both manually or with publicly-available tools. Thus, attackers can
easily leverage this issue to access the content of the SQL table that contains
all valid username/password combinations (passwords are in plain text).
Similarly, page "changelanguagesession.php" is affected by a similar issue,
concerning the POST parameter "lingua".
b) Hard-coded accounts
The web page "login.php" checks user-supplied credentials against the
username/password combinations stored inside the MySQL database. However, the
device also authorizes 2 (or 3, in some setups) hard-coded accounts, when the
user provides a specific password, regardless of the supplied username. These
predefined passwords are hard-coded inside the PHP file, thus they cannot be
changed (or removed) by the user.
The relevant code fragments from "login.php" are reported below:
$password = mysql_escape_string($_POST['password']);
if (crypt($password,salt)=='satIZufhIrUfk'){
$sql_pthr_ = "SELECT user,password FROM account WHERE livello = 0";
if ($password=='astridservice' and $stilecustumization=='astrid'){
if (crypt($password,salt)=='saF8bay.tvfOk'){
$sql_insert="INSERT INTO account(user,password,livello,nome) VALUES ('sinapsi','sinapsi','0','Amministratore Sinapsi')";
We already decoded the encrypted password "satIZufhIrUfk", which corresponds to
the string "36e44c9b64".
c) Command-injection
Attackers can exploit the "ping.php" page to execute arbitrary commands on the
device, with administrative privileges. More precisely, the "ip_dominio" POST
parameter is not sanitize properly, thus it is possible to leverage traditional
command-injection techniques to inject arbitrary commands.
curl "http:///ping.php?ping=ok" -d "ip_dominio= -n 1 %26 dir"
Such an HTTP request forces the device to execute the following command:
ping -n 1 & dir
As the POST parameter is used to build a command-line argument without being
sanitized before, attackers can leverage termination characters (e.g., '&') to
execute arbitrary commands (e.g., "dir").
d) Broken session enforcement
The device software does not verify whether an user who accesses most of the
management web pages (e.g., "ping.php") is associated with a properly
authenticated session. In other terms, the command-execution and SQLI
vulnerabilities discussed in the previous sections can be exploited by
unauthenticated attackers.
We are not aware of an updated firmware that corrects the issues described in
this advisory. Users should avoid exposing the management interface of the
device on the Internet.
* 29/08/2012 - Initial vendor contact.
* 05/09/2012 - No reply from vendor, re-contacting via e-mail.
* 11/09/2012 - Still no reply from vendor. Disclosure.
The authors are not responsible for the misuse of the information provided in
this security advisory. The advisory is a service to the professional security
application or distribution of this information constitutes acceptance AS IS,
Relevant Pages


text:
Organs of sound reception in invertebrates
It has long been believed that at least some insects can hear. Chief attention has been given to those that make distinctive sounds (e.g., katydids, crickets, and cicadas) because it was naturally assumed that these insects produce signals for communication purposes. Organs suitable for hearing have been found in insects at various locations on the thorax and abdomen and, in one group (mosquitoes), on the head.
Among the many orders of insects, hearing is known to exist in only a few: Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids), Homoptera (cicadas), Heteroptera (bugs), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), and Diptera (flies). In the Orthoptera, ears are present, and the ability to perceive sounds has been well established. The ears of katydids and crickets are found on the first walking legs; those of grasshoppers are on the first segment of the abdomen. Cicadas are noted for the intensity of sound produced by some species and for the elaborate development of the ears, which are located on the first segment of the abdomen. The waterboatman, a heteropteran, is a small aquatic insect with an ear on the first segment of the thorax. Moths have simple ears that are located in certain species on the posterior part of the thorax and in others on the first segment of the abdomen. Among the Diptera, only mosquitoes are known to possess ears; they are located on the head as a part of the antennae.
All the insects just mentioned have a pair of organs for which there is good evidence of auditory function. Other structures of simpler form that often have been considered to be sound receptors occur widely within these insect groups as well as in others. There is strong evidence that some kind of hearing exists in two other insect orders: the Coleoptera (beetles) and the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps). In these orders, however, receptive organs have not yet been positively identified.
Types of insect auditory structures
Four structures found in insects have been considered as possibly serving an auditory function: hair sensilla, antennae, cercal organs, and tympanal organs.
Many specialized structures on the bodies of insects seem to have a sensory function. Among these are hair sensilla, each of which consists of a hair with a base portion containing a nerve supply. Because the hairs have been seen to vibrate in response to tones of certain frequencies, it has been suggested that they are sound receptors. It seems more likely, however, that the sensilla primarily mediate the sense of touch and that their response to sound waves is only incidental to that function.
Antennae and antennal organs
Many sensory functions have been attributed to the antennae of insects, and it is believed that they serve both as tactual and as smell receptors. In some species, the development of elaborate antennal plumes and brushlike terminations has led to the suggestion that they also serve for hearing. This suggestion is supported by positive evidence only in the case of the mosquito, especially the male, in which the base of the antenna is an expanded sac containing a large number of sensory units known as scolophores. These structures, found in many places in the bodies of insects, commonly occur across joints or body segments, where they probably serve as mechanoreceptors for movement. When the scolophores are associated with any structure that is set in motion by sound, however, the arrangement is that of a sound receptor.
In the basic structure of the scolophore, four cells (base cell, ganglion cell, sheath cell, and terminal cell), together with an extracellular body called a cap, constitute a chain. Extending outward from the ganglion cell is the cilium, a hairlike projection that, because of its position, acts as a trigger in response to any relative motion between the two ends of the chain. The sheath cell with its scolopale provides support and protection for the delicate cilium. Two types of enclosing cells (fibrous cells and cells of Schwann) surround the ganglion and sheath cells. The ganglion cell has both a sensory and a neural function; it sends forth its own fibre (axon) that connects to the central nervous system.
In the mosquito ear the scolophores are connected to the antenna and are stimulated by vibrations of the antennal shaft. Because the shaft vibrates in response to the oscillating air particles, this ear is of the velocity type. It is supposed that stimulation is greatest when the antenna is pointed toward the sound source, thereby enabling the insect to determine the direction of sounds. The male mosquito, sensitive only to the vibration frequencies of the hum made by the wings of the female in his own species, flies in the direction of the sound and finds the female for mating. For the male yellow fever mosquito, the most effective (i.e., apparently best heard) frequency has been found to be 384 hertz, or cycles per second, which is in the middle of the frequency range of the hum of females of this species. The antennae of insects other than the mosquito and its relatives probably do not serve a true auditory function.
The cercal organ, which is found at the posterior end of the abdomen in such insects as cockroaches and crickets, consists of a thick brush of several hundred fine hairs. When an electrode is placed on the nerve trunk of the organ, which has a rich nerve supply, a discharge of impulses can be detected when the brush is exposed to sound. Sensitivity extends over a fairly wide range of vibration frequencies, from below 100 to perhaps as high as 3,000 hertz. As observed in the cockroach, the responses to sound waves up to 400 hertz have the same frequency as that of the stimulus. Although the cercal organ is reported to be extremely sensitive, precise measurements remain to be carried out. It is possible, nevertheless, that this structure, which is another example of a velocity type of sound receptor, is primarily auditory in function.


text:
How to select a DC Block
A DC Block is a coaxial component that prevents the flow of DC current into the RF Signal path, thereby minimizing interference. The key specifications to look for when looking for an rf or microwave dc block are:
Type: There are three main types:
Inner DC Blocks: Inner dc blocks have a capacitor in series with the center conductor.
Outer DC Block: Outer dc blocks have a capacitor in series with the outer conductor.
Inner/Outer DC Block: Inner-Outer dc blocks have a capacitor in series with both the inner and outer dc block.
Connector: RF DC blocks are available in a number of connector options – sma dc blocks, bnc dc blocks etc. There are also options available where the input and the output connecters are different.
Impedance: The impedance of the dc block is matched to the circuit impedance to prevent any reflections. 50 Ohms and 75 Ohms are the two most common options.
Frequency (MHz): The frequency up to which the DC Block can effectively block out the DC signal from the RF Signal path.
Power Rating (W): This is the level of power that the dc block can handle.
Breakdown Voltage (V): This is the voltage beyond which the dc block ceases to operate.
everything RF lets you search for both commercial and military RF Microwave DC Blocks by specification. You no longer need to look through individual supplier websites or catalogs to find the DC Block that meets your requirements. everything RF simplifies the process for you.


text: Do you ever wonder what happens when you train a machine learning model on really bad data? In this article, we show the effect of bad data on a machine learning model. Specifically, we take a good data set conducive towards modeling and distort the data in two different ways. First, we randomly distort the labels and train models using this randomly distorted label field. Second, we distort the labels in a biased way and then again train models using this distorted label field. These two types of distortion will allow us to see how different types of bad data can affect a model.


Visual Fabrics: Film, Fashion and Material Culture
Explores the common language of film and fashion, both powerful image makers and objects of material culture. Film and fashion share a role with architecture and contemporary art creating narratives and atmospheres, conveying identity and shaping visual expression. We explore their common language, particularly the current intersection with contemporary visual arts, treating these elements as part of our cultural \'fabric\' through a text(ur)al analysis of Wong Kar Wai\'s In the Mood for Love.Note: Offered jointly with VES as VES 185x.Prerequisite: A course in film studies or the equivalent course in cultural studies.


text:
Commercial places like shipyards or dockyards are leveraged to operate in fierce conditions. They are prone to experience heavy winds, storms, and splashes of seawater and thus, require a robust lighting solution that can withstand the harsh weather conditions. This is where the idea of Tri-proof LED lighting comes into play. It is an innovative lighting approach that favours safety, security, and stability in commercial spaces that are vulnerable to extreme working conditions.
"Tri" in tri-proof LED lighting represents a numerical prefix three. It means that the lighting solution shares resistance against three nemesis of commercial lighting solutions i.e. water, dust, and corrosion. Simply put, Tri-proof LED lighting are LED lighting solutions or LED luminaires that are water-resistant, dust-resistant, and corrosion-resistant. They are specially designed with anti-corrosive materials and ensure supreme performance in challenging spaces.
Here are some benefits of tri-proof LED lights:
- Comprehensive protection
Tri-proof LED lights are completely protected against elements or factors that can harm the LED luminaire. They are dust-proof, anti-corrosion, and completely safe against water damage. These three integrated resistances provide comprehensive protection and make them perfect for installation in harsh environments. The anti-corrosive materials used in the LED luminaire postpone the reactions between the device and environmental elements (oxygen, alkalis, and solvents). Moreover, tight sealing and robust external covering save the circuit, drivers, and other critical components of an LED luminaire from dust and water damage.
- Long life
Comprehensive protection against water, dust, and corrosion contributes significantly to improving the service life of the LED luminaire. LED lighting solutions already have the longest life of almost 50,000 hours and these added protections complement the same. Moreover, they also ensure that the luminaire works perfectly well throughout its operational life and does not dim or lose its lighting output with time. They work perfectly fine and rarely experience any dip in performance due to environmental factors.
- Efficient and Sustainable
Tri-proof lights are LED lighting solutions that offer great benefits when it comes to sustainability and energy efficiency. Despite boasting a complex build with anti-corrosive and water-resistant materials, these LED luminaires do not contain any materials or substances (like CFL contains mercury) that are harmful to human health or the environment. Moreover, they convert almost 95% of the electricity into illumination and waste merely 5% as heat. This encourages sustainable use of energy and savings on energy bills.
Tri-proof LED lights are of great advantage when a commercial space is aiming for energy efficiency, security, and sustainability simultaneously. They boast a robust build and are highly suitable for a host of commercial spaces like warehouses, storage facilities, manufacturing plants, open parking lots, etc. However, it is critical that you buy LED luminaires offered by trusted LED lighting manufacturers like Wipro Lighting.
Tell us how we can improve?


Self-reinforcing Mechanisms in a Multi-technology Industry: Understanding Sustained Technological Variety in a Context of Path Dependency
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
This paper studies self-reinforcing mechanisms in multi-technology industries, i.e. industries in which technological lock-in does not occur and several technologies continue to coexist. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what kind of self-reinforcing mechanisms can be present in such industries and explain how multiple paths can coexist and interact in a context of self-reinforcement and, ultimately, path dependency. Building on the empirical example of the lighting industry, the paper shows that all previously recognized types of self-reinforcing mechanisms can be present in a multi-technology industry. However, in addition to the path-internal positive feedbacks and cross-path negative externalities identified in single-path settings, multi-technology industries also experience positive cross-path externalities that create a symbiotic relationship between alternatives and allow for the reproduction of the same development pattern across technologies. Due to the existence of such non-negative technology interactions, multi-technology industries can be path dependent while still retaining technological variety.
multi-technology industries
path dependency
Self-reinforcing mechanisms
lighting industry
Ksenia Onufrey
Industry and Innovation
_PHONE_ (ISSN) _PHONE_ (eISSN)
Vol. 22 6 523-551
Annan maskinteknik
Innovation och entreprenörskap
Mer information


text:
reducible hernia n.
A hernia in which the contents of the sac can be returned to their normal location by manipulation.
verb (used with object), reduced, reducing. 1. to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number, etc.: to reduce one's weight by 10 pounds. 2. to lower in degree, intensity, etc.: to reduce the speed of a car. 3. to bring down to a lower rank, dignity, etc.: a sergeant reduced to a corporal. […]
noun, Chemistry. 1. a substance that causes another substance to undergo reduction and that is oxidized in the process. reducing agent noun 1. (chem) a substance that reduces another substance in a chemical reaction, being itself oxidized in the process Compare oxidizing agent reducing agent n. A substance that chemically reduces other substances, especially by […]
noun 1. a lens or mirror that produces a virtual image of an object smaller than the object itself. reducing glass noun 1. a lens or curved mirror that produces an image smaller than the object observed
verb (used with object) 1. to reduce.


Mixco Viejo, Chimaltenango
Fortress of Mixco Viejo: Chimaltenango, Guatemala
Mixco Viejo or Jilotepeque Viejo is an archaeological site located in the municipality of San Martín Jilotepeque, northwest of the department of Chimaltenango, 60km from the capital city. Built in the early twelfth century on a hill overlooking the confluence of the Pixcayá and Motagua rivers. The ruins was earlier confused and associated to Postclassic Poqomam capital city, when in fact it was the oldest city of the kingdom of Kaqchikel. Today, it regains its ancient ceremonial city name Chuwa Nimaabj, a victory to the indomitable desire of the Kaqchikel nation to give the identity of the nations of Mayans and the real history of Guatemala.
Mixco Viejo, Chimaltenango
Ruins of Mixco Viejo
Photo credit: Camilo Sarti Fotografía
True to its name, Chuwa Nimaabj which means "in front of great stone" in Kaqchikel language, the site showcases ruins of a great stone fortress surrounded by canyons, with a single entry, that allowed its people to have an advantage over their enemies. In this way, it was easier to protect the city, and detect enemy threats ahead as they approached. Also, the location of this Mayan city demonstrates an excellent example of the preferred location of the ancient inhabitants, in the upper part of a valley.
Mayan Ruins, Mixco Viejo
Ruins of Mixco Viejo Photo credit: Camilo Sarti Fotografía _URL_
It was one of the few that were inhabited and working at the time of the Spanish conquest. The site may originally have served to control the economics of the valley, for a short distance passing the Motagua River, which in ancient times was a trade route for goods to what is now the area of Zacapa and Chiquimula. Vegetation, climate, and the nearby river offer a fairly privileged natural setting. Also, it is quite remarkable the presence of bird species in the area that makes it a nice spot to enjoy bird watching. This type of climate is often serves as a bird house for species of vivid and intense colors.
If you've visited other archaeological sites with ancient buildings in Guatemala, the first thing that catches your eyes in Mixco is the difference on the style used. It differs from the typical and famous Tikal. The ruins are divided into 15 groups, with at least 120 major structures, including temples, palaces, 2 ball courts for Mesoamerican ball game. Mixco Viejo or Jilotepeque Viejo is a fortress of culture and history.
Did you enjoy these bits of information about Mixco Viejo? And want to read more from The Mixed Culture?, then make sure to subscribe to my mailing list to get my latest blog straight from your inbox. Or, follow me on Facebook or Instagram for the latest scoop from me. Feel free to email me for any questions or comment below.
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To install click the Add extension button. That's it.
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
Hessian matrix
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In mathematics, the Hessian matrix or Hessian is a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many variables. The Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematician Ludwig Otto Hesse and later named after him. Hesse originally used the term "functional determinants".
Definitions and properties
Suppose f : ℝn → ℝ is a function taking as input a vector x ∈ ℝn and outputting a scalar f(x) ∈ ℝ. If all second partial derivatives of f exist and are continuous over the domain of the function, then the Hessian matrix H of f is a square n×n matrix, usually defined and arranged as follows:
or, by stating an equation for the coefficients using indices i and j,
The Hessian matrix is a symmetric matrix, since the hypothesis of continuity of the second derivatives implies that the order of differentiation does not matter (Schwarz's theorem).
The determinant of the Hessian matrix is called the Hessian determinant.[1]
The Hessian matrix of a function f is the Jacobian matrix of the gradient of the function f ; that is: H(f(x)) = J(∇f(x)).
Inflection points
If f is a homogeneous polynomial in three variables, the equation f = 0 is the implicit equation of a plane projective curve. The inflection points of the curve are exactly the non-singular points where the Hessian determinant is zero. It follows by Bézout's theorem that a cubic plane curve has at most 9 inflection points, since the Hessian determinant is a polynomial of degree 3.
Second-derivative test
The Hessian matrix of a convex function is positive semi-definite. Refining this property allows us to test whether a critical point x is a local maximum, local minimum, or a saddle point, as follows:
If the Hessian is positive-definite at x, then f attains an isolated local minimum at x. If the Hessian is negative-definite at x, then f attains an isolated local maximum at x. If the Hessian has both positive and negative eigenvalues, then x is a saddle point for f. Otherwise the test is inconclusive. This implies that at a local minimum the Hessian is positive-semidefinite, and at a local maximum the Hessian is negative-semidefinite.
Note that for positive-semidefinite and negative-semidefinite Hessians the test is inconclusive (a critical point where the Hessian is semidefinite but not definite may be a local extremum or a saddle point). However, more can be said from the point of view of Morse theory.
The second-derivative test for functions of one and two variables is simple. In one variable, the Hessian contains just one second derivative; if it is positive, then x is a local minimum, and if it is negative, then x is a local maximum; if it is zero, then the test is inconclusive. In two variables, the determinant can be used, because the determinant is the product of the eigenvalues. If it is positive, then the eigenvalues are both positive, or both negative. If it is negative, then the two eigenvalues have different signs. If it is zero, then the second-derivative test is inconclusive.
Equivalently, the second-order conditions that are sufficient for a local minimum or maximum can be expressed in terms of the sequence of principal (upper-leftmost) minors (determinants of sub-matrices) of the Hessian; these conditions are a special case of those given in the next section for bordered Hessians for constrained optimization—the case in which the number of constraints is zero. Specifically, the sufficient condition for a minimum is that all of these principal minors be positive, while the sufficient condition for a maximum is that the minors alternate in sign, with the 1×1 minor being negative.
Critical points
If the gradient (the vector of the partial derivatives) of a function f is zero at some point x, then f has a critical point (or stationary point) at x. The determinant of the Hessian at x is called, in some contexts, a discriminant. If this determinant is zero then x is called a degenerate critical point of f, or a non-Morse critical point of f. Otherwise it is non-degenerate, and called a Morse critical point of f.
The Hessian matrix plays an important role in Morse theory and catastrophe theory, because its kernel and eigenvalues allow classification of the critical points.[2][3][4]
The determinant of the Hessian matrix, when evaluated at a critical point of a function, is equal to the Gaussian curvature of the function considered as a manifold. The eigenvalues of the Hessian at that point are the principle curvatures of the function, and the eigenvectors are the principle directions of curvature. (See Gaussian curvature § Relation to principal curvatures.)
Use in optimization
Hessian matrices are used in large-scale optimization problems within Newton-type methods because they are the coefficient of the quadratic term of a local Taylor expansion of a function. That is,
where f is the gradient (f/x1,..., f/xn). Computing and storing the full Hessian matrix takes Θ(n2) memory, which is infeasible for high-dimensional functions such as the loss functions of neural nets, conditional random fields, and other statistical models with large numbers of parameters. For such situations, truncated-Newton and quasi-Newton algorithms have been developed. The latter family of algorithms use approximations to the Hessian; one of the most popular quasi-Newton algorithms is BFGS.[5]
Such approximations may use the fact that an optimization algorithm uses the Hessian only as a linear operator H(v), and proceed by first noticing that the Hessian also appears in the local expansion of the gradient:
Letting Δx = rv for some scalar r, this gives
so if the gradient is already computed, the approximate Hessian can be computed by a linear (in the size of the gradient) number of scalar operations. (While simple to program, this approximation scheme is not numerically stable since r has to be made small to prevent error due to the term, but decreasing it loses precision in the first term.[6])
Other applications
The Hessian matrix is commonly used for expressing image processing operators in image processing and computer vision (see the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) blob detector, the determinant of Hessian (DoH) blob detector and scale space). The Hessian matrix can also be used in normal mode analysis to calculate the different molecular frequencies in infrared spectroscopy.[7]
Bordered Hessian
A bordered Hessian is used for the second-derivative test in certain constrained optimization problems. Given the function f considered previously, but adding a constraint function g such that g(x) = c, the bordered Hessian is the Hessian of the Lagrange function :[8]
If there are, say, m constraints then the zero in the upper-left corner is an m × m block of zeros, and there are m border rows at the top and m border columns at the left.
The above rules stating that extrema are characterized (among critical points with a non-singular Hessian) by a positive-definite or negative-definite Hessian cannot apply here since a bordered Hessian can neither be negative-definite nor positive-definite, as if is any vector whose sole non-zero entry is its first.
The second derivative test consists here of sign restrictions of the determinants of a certain set of n – m submatrices of the bordered Hessian.[9] Intuitively, one can think of the m constraints as reducing the problem to one with nm free variables. (For example, the maximization of f(x1, x2, x3) subject to the constraint x1 + x2 + x3 = 1 can be reduced to the maximization of f(x1, x2, 1 – x1x2) without constraint.)
Specifically, sign conditions are imposed on the sequence of leading principal minors (determinants of upper-left-justified sub-matrices) of the bordered Hessian, for which the first 2m leading principal minors are neglected, the smallest minor consisting of the truncated first 2m+1 rows and columns, the next consisting of the truncated first 2m+2 rows and columns, and so on, with the last being the entire bordered Hessian; if 2m+1 is larger than n+m, then the smallest leading principal minor is the Hessian itself.[10] There are thus nm minors to consider, each evaluated at the specific point being considered as a candidate maximum or minimum. A sufficient condition for a local maximum is that these minors alternate in sign with the smallest one having the sign of (–1)m+1. A sufficient condition for a local minimum is that all of these minors have the sign of (–1)m. (In the unconstrained case of m=0 these conditions coincide with the conditions for the unbordered Hessian to be negative definite or positive definite


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Lesson Plans > Miscellaneous
Pairing Different Grades
Pairing Different Grades:
Activities to do if you can have two grade levels together, such as 2nd and 5th, for 30 minutes or so: math drills with flash cards; with 2 pair of students, rotate reading a story through the group with older kids helping the younger with difficult words; check out library books; do a collage on "sharing"; in short, challenge the younger student a bit more than usual, using the the one-on-one help from the older who also gets some review in the process. Pairing can also happen by occasionally sending an individual older student to the lower grade room for a while as part of a "mentoring" program or as a "student teacher".
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How to Read a Caption
A caption gives basic information about a work of art.
Titles appear in boldface.
Titles are usually followed by a date or date range.
The name and nationality of the artist/maker(s) of the work of art are given, if known.
Country or Culture of Origin
The country or culture of origin indicates the geographic area where the work of art was made or found and may be followed by a specific city or region.
Medium and Dimensions
The medium describes the material(s) that the work of art is made of. Dimensions of the work of art are given in inches and centimeters.
The credit line indicates how a work came into the permanent collection or how it came to be on view at the Metropolitan Museum. "Bequest," "gift," "purchase," and "loan" are some of the terms used to indicate sources. The assigned credit line remains with the work of art throughout its life at the Museum. The year of accession is given at the end of the credit line.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art assigns a unique accession number to each object it acquires. The first two or four digits of an accession number refer to the year that the object became part of the Metropolitan's collection. The Museum was founded in 1870 and for the first 100 years of its existence two digits were used. Thus, the first item accessioned into the Museum has the number 70.1 because it was accessioned in 1870.
Some works of art from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries may have a copyright line beginning with the copyright symbol [©].
Descriptions of works of art are written by the curatorial staff.


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Cultivators Should Become Deities, Not Remain Human Beings
(Clearwisdom.net) When I notice on the Clearwisdom website that Dafa practitioners are still being persecuted, I am really pained. The evil in other dimensions is manipulating the bad people to do this. The persecution has already lasted for nine years, and practitioners have also cultivated for a number of years. Now, as Master tells us, it has come to the end of the final phase of our cultivation, and hopefully many practitioners are about to reach Consummation. So why are practitioners still being persecuted in the surface dimensions? How could practitioners who about to cultivate into divine beings still be "humans" at the same time? Is it because of our own problems? It certainly is!
If one studies the Fa and practices the exercises every day, he or she is already a supernatural person. A cultivator carries gong, high-energy matter, and I think they are things similar to "atomic bombs" and "neutron bombs." Seeing these things, the evil is frightened and automatically disintegrates, so why are practitioners still being arrested and sentenced? The reason is that they themselves have not thought this way and do not hold this view. They have no such thought. As a result, even with such high-energy matter on their bodies, they still can't use it. This amounts to the same as shutting off one's abilities, so the evil can get its way. From the Fa, I understand that high-level beings are the trinity called "True Body, True Spirit, and Thought." If one does not have such a "thought," one will not have such a corresponding ability and is still a "human."
If one has a human body, then one will have the human thoughts, this is for sure. However, we can become fully aware of and catch this human thought and not let it play its role. We should not let our human thoughts run wild. Even more so, we should not let human thoughts control our behavior. In Dafa cultivation one needs to "look inward" and "cultivate one's mind." This is the difference between a human and a divine being, as Master has taught us.
Currently, the only one who can interfere with a Dafa cultivator is the cultivator him or herself. We want to cultivate to become deities and not remain humans. If we can use righteous thoughts to restrict our human thoughts at all times, and not let these human thoughts function, we will be steadily on the path to divinity, and the evil will no longer be able to interfere with us.
September 23, 2008


Leeds University Bans Profs From Using Capital Letters As It Scares Students
2 years ago
Obviously, you already heard from the Typical Student team about all these weird bans in colleges. Still, this time, lecturers have been banned from using capital letters when assigning work to students. Why is that? Just because it might upset them!
Where Did The Ban Happen?
leeds-bans-capital-letters-2.jpgThis story happened at the Leeds Trinity University, West Yorkshire, England. Local staff at the journalism department was informed that using uppercase letters may upset the students. Actually, the memo said that it will 'scare them into failure'. To say more, the memo also suggested how to address the students. There were such points as writing in a friendly tone and avoiding overbearing and negative language.
The Reaction
leeds-bans-capital-letters-1.jpgAs expected, some employees replied that they need caps to ensure students don't miss an important part of the assignment. The memo follows two other unis banning fancy dress and clapping. Firstly, autumn 2018, Kent University created a ban on students wearing costumes deemed 'inappropriate and offensive'. There were such things as cowboy outfits and sombreros, because they may jeopardize other students'.
Secondly, at the University of Manchester, the student union decided to replaced clapping with jazz hands. It was made to prevent people suffering from anxiety or sensory issues.
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Fish is such a wonderful ingredient that is often under-utilised in the household kitchen, and understandably. All sorts of questions often go through the mind such as 'Which fish should I choose? How do I know if it's fresh? Do I cook this fish on low heat or high heat? How do I know when it's ready?
Hopefully this article will help to answer some of those questions, as well as outline the numerous health benefits of fish. The Chef has also included a quick and easy recipe that you can use either for a quick healthy dinner, or to wow your friends and family for lunch or dinner.
- The best place to purchase your fish from is the local fish shop. It is usually fresh and straight off the boat. They also know their product well and can offer you advice.
- Regardless of where you purchase fish from, always ask the person serving you if you can smell the fish before purchasing. Have a smell, and if it smells 'fishy' choose another one. If it has no smell, or only a very faint smell of the sea, then it's perfect.
- Fish should not be slimy
- The eyes of the fish should be nice and clear, not cloudy.
- Use fish straight away after purchasing, or freeze to be able to use later.
- When you order fish in restaurants, take note of how they cook it, what it looks like, what flavour combinations they use and ask the waiter what 'type' of fish they have served. This will all increase your fishy knowledge.
- Cook fish that is not marinated on high heat for a short time. Cook marinated fish on low heat for a longer time.
- You will know when fish is ready as it turns from being clear to opaque (cloudy colour).
- Salmon, coral trout and tuna can be slightly raw in the middle if you wish.
- Fish is high in protein. Protein is a macronutrient known to keep us full or 'satiated'. It also is necessary for growth and repair of every single one of the cells in our body. You might be familiar with protein being able to build big muscles in the gym, but just as importantly it is responsible for growing new hair, new skin, finger nails, organ cells, immune cells and blood cells.
- Fish is low in fat when compared to meat. It therefore makes it a great ingredient to keep that waistline under control.
- Fish is low in saturated fat.
- Oily fish such as salmon, trout, sardines, tuna, herring, anchovies and mackerel are high in Omega 3 oils, vitamin A and also Vitamin D.
- Omega 3 oils are known to decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, help to improve inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, and reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. It is also beneficial for hair, skin and nails.
- The people who inhabit the Japanese island of Okinawa have the highest life expectancy in the world, and the highest number of centenarians (people who live to 100 years or above). It is believed this is largely due to the high amount of oily fish they consume in their diet.
- The Australian Heart Foundation recommends 2-3 serves (150 grams per serve) of oily fish per week.
Recipe – Salmon Skewers
- 150 grams Salmon (or tuna) per person
- Bamboo skewers – available from all supermarkets
- Cut the fish into 2cm x 2cm x 2cm cubes.
- Soak bamboo skewers in water for 10 minutes to prevent them from burning.
- Thread fish onto a bamboo skewer.
- Rub fish with olive oil.
- Season with salt and pepper.
- Using high heat on either a BBQ or a saucepan, cook for 2 mins each side. Flesh should turn pink.
- For rare fish, cook for 1 minute each side.
- Serve with a wedge of lime
- Greek salad
- Asian noodle salad
- Rice and asian greens
- Japanese mayonnaise, kimchi and rice.
- Wasabi, rice and greens.
- Marinade the fish for 1 hour in equal quantities of soy and honey for asian flavours. Cooking time and heat will be less, as mentioned above.
- Thread vegetables onto the skewers such as capsicum, onion, zucchini. Alternate between fish and vegetable when threading onto skewer.
- Serve with our Summer Salad with Pickled Ginger
Stay happy and healthy….The Nutrition Guru and The Chef.


Extact latitude and longitude from eopatch
Hello everybody!
I'm new in eolearn. I executed the full example of slovinia.
In order to adapt the code to my study area I need to have the latitude and longitude of each point of an epoatch.
How could I do that please!
Hi Sophie,
You will find some useful elements in this post. Maybe _USER_ has made some progress and can give some tips?
Hi _USER_.lamare _USER_
I would like to help. But, I am still seeking the solution. There is no much documentation. I am trying to find something.
If there is any improvement it be shared.
Take a look at this stack overflow post, it should help you. You have the corner coordinates and pixel size from your eopatch, and I'm thinking you can assume zero rotation and thus use the simplified calculation.
Otherwise, I found some inbuilt eolearn functions that can help: eopatch_to_dataset & new_coordinates, but you would need to experiment with them (they are seldom used):
from eolearn.visualization.xarray_utils import eopatch_to_dataset, new_coordinates
# Convert patch to xarray
ptch = eopatch_to_dataset(eopatch)
# Get coordinates in lat lon (check the input and output CRS
# they may be different for you)
latlon = new_coordinates(ptch, CRS('32633'), CRS('4326'))
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Parent arrested for child's art work
Daughter drew picture of a gun, Dad arrested
A father of four in Canada was arrested and strip searched after his 4-year-old daughter drew a picture of a gun in her kindergarten class.
Boy drawing picture of gun
There are few topics more controversial than the use and ownership of firearms, especially when children are involved. Jessie Sansone of Ontario, Canada, would probably agree. Recently, this dad was handcuffed when he arrived to pick up his kids from school. The charge? Possession of a firearm.
Apparently, after his young daughter drew a picture of her daddy holding a gun to fight off bad guys and monsters, the teacher became concerned and the school administrators called Family and Children's Services, who then called the police.
Unexpected turn of events
That same day, rather than an uneventful carpool line, Sansone faced handcuffing and an unwelcomed ride in one of several patrol cars waiting outside of the school. Sansone tells TheRecord.com, "I'm picking up my kids and then, next thing you know, I'm locked up. I was in shock. This is completely insane. My daughter drew a gun on a piece of paper at school."
Your kids artwork: What to keep and what to throw away >>
A toy gun
Sansone's ordeal continued once he arrived at the police station, where he was strip searched and questioned about the alleged gun. Seven hours later, after police determined the child's drawing was based on a toy gun that shoots foam darts, he was released.
"My family has been tarnished," he told TheRecord.com "My name has been tarnished. My children aren't even going back to that school again." In an ironic twist, Sansone is a counselor who speaks to school children about the danger of drugs, violence and bullying.
Find out what to do when your child is being bullied >>
Overreacting or justified?
Canada's gun laws are different than those of the U.S., so setting the firearm-related charge aside, did the school overreact or were officials justified in having Sansone arrested? What would happen if your child's school acted upon everything your son or daughter drew, did or said?
"If I was held responsible for everything my child drew, I would be in serious trouble," says Eleana, a mom from Colorado. "My son draws pictures of super-galactic battles with all sorts of weird weapons. That doesn't mean I have a light saber in my closet. I think the teacher should have reached out to the parents directly if she had a concern, but having this dad arrested was a bit over the top."
"While I think the action taken was a bit extreme, I can appreciate the genuine concern for the well-being of the child," says Amy, a California mom. "I'm for strict gun laws, but you have to use some common sense in a case like this where a child's drawing is being used to initiate police action. I feel for the dad. It could have been handled better."
Are you considering weapons play in your home? >>
Defending the arrest
In defending the actions of Family and Children's Services, Alison Scott, executive director of the agency, told TheRecord.com, "From a public safety point of view, any child drawing a picture of guns and saying there's guns in a home would warrant some further conversation with the parents and child."
Tell us
What do you think? Should a child's drawing raise such concern or did officials overreact in this case?
Read about potentially dangerous toys
Safe play: Choosing safe toys for your child
Top 5 hidden home hazards
How safe are your child's toys?
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