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The Tasmanian forest industry planned burning program, which includes both burning for forest regeneration, and burning for property protection generally commences in mid-March if conditions are suitable.
The map showing the burns which the Tasmanian forest industry plans to light today is updated daily between 10:00am and 10:05 am. The information shown may be updated at other times durning each day if circumstances change. The date and time of the last update is shown beneath the map.
The map showing the burns which Forestry Tasmania has alight at present is updated at 5 minute intervals between 7:00am and 7:00pm. The data and time of the last update is shown beneath the map.
The Coordinated Smoke Management Strategy developed by the Forest Practices Authority is being used by the Tasmanian forest industry.
As of 2011 all smoke complaints are being received and investigated by the Environment Protection Authority, a Division of the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment.
If you wish to lodge a complaint about smoke, call 1800 005 171 or contact the Environment Protection Authority at Air, Smoke and Odour Complaints. Your input will help to improve smoke management.
Fire is an important part of the life cycle of eucalypts. In nature most eucalypt species require the disturbance provided by fire to regenerate. Eucalypt seeds and seedlings need a mineral soil seedbed, abundant sunlight and reduced competition from other plants to establish and grow. In nature this situation is provided by a major wildfire. Tasmanian forest managers mimic nature by using fire in a planned and controlled way to re-establish healthy fast growing trees after harvesting.
(Facts about Forest Regeneration Burning)


Ad Hoc
Ad Hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally "for this".
Common examples are ad hoc committees, and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task. In other fields, the term could refer, for example, to a military unit created under special circumstances, a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol (e.g. Ad Hoc network), a temporary banding together of geographically-linked franchise locations (of a given national brand) to issue advertising coupons, or a purpose-specific equation.
Ad Hoc can also be an adjective describing the temporary, provisional, or improvised methods to deal with a particular problem, the tendency of which has given rise to the noun Adhocism.[1] It also could mean shifting contexts to create new meanings or inadequate planning.
More Information#
 - [#1] - Ad_hoc - based on information obtained 2018-09-13-


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have text data that I read from a file; I need to place it in the body of an email message. There are about 50 such data items to be placed into existing text.
It seems I should be able to put a marker (dataItem1, dataItem2, etc.) and replace that with the matching text data from the file.
Searches only turn up replacing field data such as Recipient, Subject, etc., or replacing the entire body. Would I have to generate the entire body in the code? Seems like I should be able to "insert" a data item into existing body text.
Any suggestions will be much appreciated.
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1 Answer
Use the Body property of the MailItem you're working with. Assign it to a variable and you can edit it:
Dim body As String
body = myMessage.Body
body = Replace(body,"dataItem1","your replacement here")
Then assign the variable to the Body:
myMessage.Body = body
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text:
- There are several types of anal gland or anal sac diseases — Anal glands can become impacted, infected, or abscessed. Sometimes, cancer is an anal gland concern too.
- Anal gland problems are often very painful and owners need to watch for these signs — The first sign is scooting or dragging along the ground. You also may notice your dog licking or biting the base of their tail.
- To treat, vets usually need to manually empty the anal sacs — Manual expression and an antibiotic or steroid ointment clear up most cases.
What are anal glands?
The anal glands are often referred to as the scent glands, and in a skunk, these serve an important purpose! In dogs, they're mainly used to mark territory and enable canines to identify one another. This is why they greet each other by sniffing at the rear of another dog. Dogs also use these anal glands to express extreme fear — which is why you might smell a fishy odor when your doggie is scared.
Where are they located?
A dog has two anal or "scent" glands. They're located at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions on either side of the anus under the tail. The anal glands line the wall of the anus and produce a foul-smelling fluid that may vary from serous to pasty in consistency and brown to off-white.
Each sac opens into the lateral margin of the anus by a single duct. The anal sacs are paired structures, approximately 1 centimeter in diameter. Impacted glands are overfilled with secretion and have exceeded their normal capacity.
👉 In most dogs, it's NOT necessary to express the glands unless there is a medical reason to do so. Refer to the below signs that indicate your dog is having a potential health issue.
How vets treat anal gland and anal sac diseases in dogs
Anal sac disease is very common in dogs. Anal glands naturally express on their own when a dog has normal, solid stools. When pups have diarrhea, it can cause some problems.
There are varying degrees of anal gland problems and according to VCA Hospitals, "The abscess will appear as a painful, red, hot swelling on one or both sides of the anus. If the abscess bursts, it will release a quantity of greenish yellow or bloody pus. If left untreated, the infection can quickly spread and cause severe damage to the anus and rectum." Major anal gland problems may start when abscesses form within the glands themselves.
Anal gland impaction. When the sacs fail to empty normally. Vets treat anal sac impaction by manually emptying a dog's anal glands.
Anal gland infection. This complicates impaction and may be recognized by the presence of pus or blood in the secretions. To treat anal gland infections, vets empty the anal sacs and apply an antibiotic into the sacs through the duct openings. An antibiotic may also be prescribed for owners to give their dogs at home.
Anal gland abscess. Signs of infection with swelling at the site of the gland and must be lanced if the gland hasn't already ruptured. An abscess is ready to drain when it becomes soft and fluid-like. At this point, it should be lanced. The treatment plan may include an oral antibiotic and healing should be uneventful.
Anal gland adenocarcinoma (cancer). AGA is a very serious cancer in dogs. It occurs in the apocrine glands in the walls of the anal sacs. Sometimes a lump is seen next to the anus. The best route is to schedule an appointment with a veterinary oncologist and the vet will determine the treatment plan. Tumors that are inoperable will need radiation therapy and sometimes chemotherapy.
How does the vet empty the anal sacs?
Vets empty anal sacs in one of two ways:
- Externally. Hold up a tissue to the anus and squeeze both sides of the anal area at the 4 and 8 o'clock positions. If the fluid is very thick and pasty, this method may not work to empty the sacs.
- Internally. Insert a lubricated, gloved finger in the anus and squeeze the sac between the thumb and forefinger held externally. Repeat this on both sides.
👉 Remember that it's important a vet or vet tech express your dog's anal glands. Pet parents shouldn't try to do this at home.
Signs of overfilled anal glands
- Scooting! and dragging their bottom on the ground
- Excessive licking or chewing around the anus
- Frequent fishy "anal gland" odor
- Abnormal carriage of the tail
- Difficulty standing or sitting
- Overall discomfort and possible swelling in this area
🚨 A ruptured abscess may bleed or ooze pus. This is an emergency, and a vet appointment is needed right away.
4 major causes of anal gland problems
Like humans, dogs also need fiber in their diet as it helps the anal glands express naturally on their own. Many of these causes are the result of diet, environment, endocrine disorders, and diarrhea.
- Constipation or infrequent bowel movements cause the sacs to fail to express during defecation
- Poor diet and inadequate exercise play a big role
- Trying to establish a territory in a crowded environment like a shelter may cause stress
- Endocrine disorders including Cushing's disease may cause problems since they can impact skin health
Some breeds are diagnosed more often
There are some breeds affected by anal gland difficulties and more at risk. According to the American College of Veterinary Surgeons, "Anal sac tumors occur in male and female dogs with roughly an equal incidence. They occur in any breed but are more common in Spaniel breeds. 10 years is the average age of affected dogs."
Groomers act as messengers
Groomers are an important and valuable part of a dog's medical team. Sometimes it takes a village! Oftentimes groomers are a messenger and helpful when it comes to recognizing skin and health issues, like anal sac diseases. They report possible abscesses, lumps, and bumps to owners.
Prevention may help
The goal of prevention is to manage your dog's stool consistency. Runny poops aren't good for your dog's health or their anal glands. Regular vet visits are the number one way pet owners can ensure their dog stays healthy. There are a few ways to prevent your pup's anal glands from becoming overfilled.
- Good nutrition and diet
- Nutrients that promote healthy skin such as salmon oil
- For dogs with frequent diarrhea, probiotics can help keep your doggie "regular"
- Manage your dog's health with regular vet visits
- A stress-free environment and regular routine
👉 Prevention may also help dog breeds predisposed to anal gland problems.
Frequently asked questions
What are a dog's anal glands used for?
These anal glands or scent glands are often used as territorial markers.
Where are my dog's anal glands located?
A veterinarian will show pet owners where these small pouches are in the anus and talk to owners about recurrent anal sac impactions.
When should you take your dog to the vet for an anal gland infection?
If there's a swollen area, unpleasant lingering odor, small quantities of fluid appearing, solidified material, or general discomfort as covered in the signs section, you should schedule a vet appointment.
Are anal sac ruptures serious?
Anal sac ruptures are very serious and the anal sac ducts can become infected! Even gentle dogs may growl if an owner tries to treat anal gland problems and touch their dog's rear end. There's always a degree of risk (permanent damage) if an owner decides to express anal sacs manually so a veterinarian needs to do this at the clinic.
How are anal sac problems and diseases treated?
A dog also may need a sedative or even general anesthesia if a procedure is needed and the dog is in pain. If your dog has anal gland adenocarcinoma (cancer) you may be working with an oncologist. Surgery may be an option and can be performed as long as less than 50% of the anus doesn't need to be resected. Tumors that are inoperable will need radiation therapy and sometimes chemotherapy.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Scottish Ghillie Brogues by Thistle Shoes
Shoemaker Thistle Scottish Brogues
The origins of Ghillie Brogues stretch back through Scottish history. A'Ghillie' was an indispensable assistant to a Highland chief – carrying hunting rifles or fishing rods. On occasion, he even carried his employer.
Ghillies walked and walked….through the bogs, rivers, bracken, and heather. They scaled the highlands or scrambled through the lowlands. If walking was hard on a man, it was worse for his footwear.
Ghillie Brogues were designed for the work of a Ghillie. A patterned network of fine holes punched in the shoe leather called 'brogueing' allowed any water to drain while walking. Originally, the laces were above the ankle so the shoes wouldn't get stuck in the mud. Thistle Shoes of Scotland makes Ghillie Brogues as they have always been made. Tough as nails – but with a heart of gold. Not unlike the people for whom they're named.
A footnote:
Why call the company "Thistle Shoes? In the Middle Ages, the Scots and the Norsemen were at war. King Haakon of Norway and his men landed at the Coast of Largs at night intent on surprising their Scottish foe. Removing their boots, they crept on bare feet towards the Scottish army. Then one of the attackers stepped on the sharp spines of a Scots thistle. The yell he made at this unwelcome assault on his feet alerted the Scots who drove the attackers from their shore.


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When designing an adoption logo, it's important to consider your target audience. In this case, your audience consists of individuals who are considering adopting a child or supporting adoption-related organizations. They may be prospective adoptive parents, birth parents, or individuals who have been impacted by the adoption process. Understanding your audience's values, emotions, and aspirations is crucial in creating a logo that resonates with them on a deep level.
Icons play a significant role in adoption logos as they visually communicate the purpose and message of the brand. Incorporating appropriate and meaningful icons can help convey the concept of adoption in a simple and effective way. Consider using symbols such as hearts, hands, small footprints, family figures, or puzzle pieces coming together. These icons not only represent love, care, and unity but also symbolize the journey and connection created through adoption.
Choosing the right colors for your adoption logo is essential in evoking emotions and conveying the desired message. Soft and warm colors like pastel tones or earthy hues can create a sense of compassion, love, and nurturing. Blues can evoke a sense of calmness and trust, while greens can represent growth and harmony. Combining these colors strategically can create a logo that is both visually appealing and emotionally meaningful, capturing the essence of adoption.
The choice of fonts in your adoption logo should align with the brand's personality and appeal to your target audience. For a warm and welcoming vibe, consider using friendly and rounded fonts. Alternatively, elegant and sophisticated fonts can convey professionalism and trust. Whichever font style you choose, make sure it is legible and easy to read from a distance. It's also a good idea to combine fonts to create a harmonious balance between the logo's name and any taglines or supporting text.
The layout of your adoption logo should be simple, yet impactful. Consider using clean and balanced designs that allow the main elements, such as icons and text, to stand out. A centered or symmetrical layout can create a sense of stability and balance, while an asymmetrical design can add visual interest and uniqueness. Remember to keep the logo scalable, ensuring it looks great across various sizes and mediums, from websites and social media profiles to printed materials such as brochures and merchandise.
An adoption logo should be versatile and adaptable for various marketing and branding purposes. It should serve as the visual representation of your adoption-related organization and be easily recognizable. Ensure that your logo works well in both color and black-and-white formats, and consider creating variations or alternative versions for different applications. These may include stacked and horizontal layouts or simplified versions for small sizes. By designing a versatile logo, you can effectively incorporate it into various marketing materials and platforms, solidifying your brand presence and creating awareness for adoption.


Picture This
Pluto's mysterious, floating hills
5 February 2016 Astronomy Now
The nitrogen ice glaciers on Pluto appear to carry an intriguing cargo: numerous, isolated hills that may be fragments of water ice from Pluto's surrounding uplands. Since water ice is less dense than nitrogen-dominated ice, scientists believe these water ice hills are floating in a sea of frozen nitrogen and move over time like icebergs in Earth's Arctic Ocean.


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Roadside springs are a source of pure, clean drinking water.
Roadside springs are not considered a reliable, safe drinking water supply.
Many people use natural springs as a source of drinking water. There is a mystique associated with springs, and a general public perception that clear, flowing, spring water is pure and natural, better tasting and free of contaminants compared to the local municipal water supply or private wells. In the majority of cases, these perceptions are not valid scientifically. Natural springs are not considered to be a reliable, safe water supply.
Who monitors roadside springs?
Most roadside springs are not routinely tested and monitored, and are not adequately constructed and protected against surface contaminants. In a recent study of approximately 100 roadside springs in Nova Scotia, 94% of the samples had total coliforms present, and 29% of the samples had fecal coliforms present. These results raise serious concerns about the sanitary quality of many of the roadside springs which are being widely used by the public.
At times there is a
Boil Water Advisory sign at our local roadside spring. If there is no such sign, is the water safe to drink?
The absence of a boil advisory sign does not mean that the water is safe. Historical results indicate that the water quality of roadside springs fluctuates. Coliform bacteria are sometimes absent, sometimes present, at the same spring at different times. Many springs have been posted with a boil advisory sign, but unfortunately the signs are often removed. In the past, where pipes have been removed from various springs to discourage their use, the pipes have often been replaced by members of the public.
If I experience a problem with the water in my well and a roadside spring is my usual "back-up", where else can I get water?
If you experience a problem with your well, or do not like the taste of your municipal or private supply, you are advised to consider alternative options to roadside springs. Other sources of supply, such as bottled water, are available. Point-of-use treatment devices can be installed at a tap normally used for drinking water. Please be aware that such treatment devices need care and maintenance to work properly.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Crossarchus is a feckin' genus of mongoose, commonly referred to as the oul' kusimanse (often cusimanse), mangue, or dwarf mongoose. Jasus. Of three subfamilies of Herpestidae (Herpestinae, Mungotinae and Galidiinae), the feckin' kusimanse is a bleedin' member of Herpestinae or Mungotinae, which are small, highly social mongooses. C'mere til I tell ya.
Nomenclature and etymology
They are known in French as Mangouste brune and in German as Dunkelkusimanse. Chrisht Almighty.
Range and habitat
Members of this genus are found in the feckin' swamplands and forests of central and western Africa, in the bleedin' countries of Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Stop the lights!
They feed on insects, larvae, small reptiles, crabs and berries. Chrisht Almighty. They use their claws and snouts for diggin' in leaf litter, under rotted trees and stones for the oul' insects and larvae, the cute hoor. They will also wade in to shallow streams lookin' for freshwater crabs.
In most areas where members of Crossarchus live, they are the oul' numerically dominant members of the oul' forest carnivore community. Be the hokey here's a quare wan.
Females are polyestrus and if not mated will come into heat nine times in a year. Jasus. Litters range from 2-3 per year. The young can open their eyes in about twelve days, eatin' solid food in three weeks and have adult hair in five weeks. Story?
Crossarchus live in groups of 10 to 24. One to three families live in a feckin' group, would ye believe it? The families are made up of the feckin' matin' pair and the oul' young. They are diurnal, and will wander throughout their territories constantly, never stayin' in one place too long. In their wanderings they will create temporary shelters for themselves. Bejaysus. As they do not occupy permanent den sites, the feckin' young are not able to keep up with the feckin' group for several weeks and must be carried to different foragin' spots. Individuals in the oul' group take turns carryin' the oul' young from place to place and also help feed them. Jesus Mother of Chrisht almighty.
Since the oul' sociable kusimanses do not live in open habitat, they maintain contact in the bleedin' dense rainforest understory by givin' constant whistlin' calls while travelin', the shitehawk.
- Alexander's Kusimanse, Crossarchus alexandri
- Angolan Kusimanse, Crossarchus ansorgei
- Common Kusimanse, Crossarchus obscurus
- Flat-headed Kusimanse, Crossarchus platycephalus
- Dunham, Amy E. (2003-2004). "Mongooses and Fossa (Herpestidae)". C'mere til I tell yiz. In Hutchins, Michael, et. Be the holy feck, this is a quare wan. al, would ye swally that? Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia (2nd ed. Here's another quare one for ye. ), enda story. Detroit: Gale. Here's another quare one for ye. p. 347. Here's a quare one for ye. ISBN _PHONE_.
- Ray, Justina C, the shitehawk. (2001). "Carnivore Biogeography and Conservation in the oul' African Forest: A Community Perspective". In William Weber, so it is. African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Jesus, Mary and Joseph. New Haven: Yale University Press. G'wan now and listen to this wan. p. In fairness now. 223. Would ye believe this shite? ISBN _PHONE_. Sure this is it.
- Veron, Geraldine (2010), enda story. "Phylogeny of the Viverridae and 'Viverrid-like' Feliforms". In Anjali Goswami and Anthony Friscia. Carnivoran Evolution: New Views on Phylogeny, Form, and Function. Be the holy feck, this is a quare wan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780521515290, fair play.
- Olson, Annette Lynn (2001). The Behavior and Ecology of the feckin' Long-Nosed Mongoose, Crossarchus obscurus [Doctoral dissertation]. Coral Gables: University of Miami.
|Wikispecies has information related to: Crossarchus|


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Find the Picture Template
This template has a large themed picture with smaller pictures hidden within it. The hidden pictures are listed on the right side of the page.
This template comes in color or black and white. (When you choose black and white, color pictures in your tray will lose their color.)
You can choose the smaller pictures based on learning objectives. For example, choose words that contain a target sound for articulation practice. Or you can choose pictures of unit vocabulary such as animals or shapes.
The choice of large pictures are the following: beach, forest, house, falling pictures, restaurant, space, and zoo.


text:
Charcoal and Pig Iron Production in Brazil: An Example of Our Efforts to Address Human Rights Abuses in Our Supply Chain
Ford's efforts to address human rights abuses in the production of charcoal and pig iron in Brazil illustrate our proactive approach to addressing human rights issues deep in our raw materials supply chain. In 2006, Ford discovered that charcoal produced in Brazil with the use of slave labor had found its way into our supply chain. Pig iron is a key ingredient in steel production, and in Brazil, charcoal is often used as fuel in the production of pig iron (see the Pig Iron Producers graphic below). The charcoal is made from wood harvested in remote areas of Brazil where instances of forced labor have been found to occur. At the time this issue was brought to our attention in 2006, pig iron was purchased directly by Ford and used at our Cleveland Casting Plant.
When we learned of the situation, we immediately stopped sourcing from the site that was identified in the investigation, but we continued dialogue with the supplier and helped them to develop management systems until such time as the supplier could ensure it was not supporting forced labor in the supply chain for pig iron. We then identified all potential points of entry for pig iron in the Ford value chain and engaged with all relevant suppliers, seeking assurances from them that forced labor was not employed anywhere in their value chain. This included an intensive mapping of five to six tiers of suppliers (including importers, exporters and trading companies). We also requested additional detail regarding our Tier 1 suppliers' systems for safeguarding human rights throughout their operations, including procurement.
The Cleveland Casting Plant was closed in 2010, and Ford no longer directly purchases pig iron. Regardless, we have continued, through integrated supplier development programs, to convey our prohibition of forced labor and validate, where possible, supplier compliance. Validation continues to be challenging given the number of supply chain actors between Ford and the charcoal camps in Brazil. For this reason, in 2011 we renewed our inquiry into the potential points of entry for Brazilian pig iron to our supply chain and are evaluating specific supplier progress on management systems to ensure responsible procurement of this material. We also are working with the U.S. State Department, the International Labour Organization and the governing committee of the Brazilian National Pact to Eradicate Forced Labor to seek multilateral solutions that will help to validate information and improve transparency. Ultimately, we hope to enable responsible purchasing decisions throughout the supply chain.
Pig Iron Producers


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In this post I want to write about a discussion paper that I have been working on in collaboration with Lucho Osorio, facilitator of the Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI), which is an initiative of the SEEP Network (more about MaFI, more about SEEP). The paper can be found here on Slideshare.
The paper tries to answer the question What do we need to do differently if we want to make development – and specifically economic development – more effective and inclusive? The basic assumption is that if we facilitate the market systems to change from within rather than through a number of direct and distorting interventions, we have better and more sustainable results. Therefore, the title of the paper reads:
The MaFI-festo: Boosting development effectiveness through facilitation of inclusive markets and private sector engagement.
The paper is based on an extensive online discussion in the LinkedIn group of MaFI as well as a number of face-to-face meetings. Although not explicit, the basic principles of complexity theory had a strong influence on the discussions and consequently on the contents of the paper.
The MaFI-festo will build the basis of a 2012 MaFI-initiative called 'the MaFI-festo dialogues'. The goal of the dialogues is to "build a process of trust, dialogue and collaboration between inclusive market facilitators and donors to improve or change the principles, rules and procedures of international aid (or international cooperation)."
The six section of the MaFI-festo discussion paper represent the basic fields of action within the the process.
1 Guiding principles. Collaboration, engagement and practicality are the basic aspects underpinning the design and implementation of the MaFI-festo. In the process we want to include donors, practitioners and other key stakeholders in a process that is guided by trust, dialogue and mutual understanding.
2 Changing the way we work. This section spells out the basic principles of how to improve ones work in project implementation, i.e., 'focus on root causes, not symptoms', 'focus on resilience and adaptability of the system', 'invest more in field-based, pre-design phase', and 'test and promote co-volutionary experimentation'.
3 Flexibility and accountability: the ultimate balancing act. Taking into account both the need for flexibility when working in complex systems and the need for accountability to the donors and further up parliaments and tax-payers, but also towards receiving countries.
4 Building capacity: speeding up the paradigm shift. This section promotes both the establishment of capacity building systems instead of individual training courses as well as the need for the recognition of capacity building as development strategy instead of 'overhead' costs.
5 Building up the evidence: what and how we measure. This section advocates for a monitoring system that focuses on structural and deeper, systemic change instead of single universal indicators such as increased income.
6 Activities. This section lines out a number of activities that can be started based on the MaFI-festo discussion paper.
For me, the MaFI-festo incorporates an important move towards a development system that is more conscious of the system it works in and tries to work with the system instead of against the system. It also communicates the realization that this represents a paradigm shift and will need a lot of common efforts of the many actors of the development system itself to be realized.
It is my interest to further contribute to this process in the hope that I can contribute to positive change that leads to an improved way of how we interact with the people in developing countries.


text:
Date Added: May 2011
The major purpose of this paper is to develop a Web-based E-learning Platform for physical education. The Platform provides sports related courseware which includes physical motions, exercise rules and first-aid treatment. The courseware is represented using digital multimedia materials which include video, 2D animation and 3D virtual reality. Courseware within digital multimedia materials not only can increase the learning efficient but also inspires students' strong interest in learning, especially in the area of Physical Education.


Whittlesey and District Neighbourhood Watch
Whittlesey and District Neighbourhood Watch
Creating safer, stronger and active communities
NHW Ethics and Standards Guidance
Neighbourhood Watch Network
Ethics Guidelines March 2018
The Neighbourhood Watch movement aims to build safer, stronger and more resilient communities.
To further these aims and to ensure public confidence in Neighbourhood Watch, it is appropriate that Neighbourhood Watch members adhere to these Ethics and Standards Guidelines, and Policies adopted by the Neighbourhood Watch Network.
1. Honesty and integrity
You are truthful and trustworthy. You always do the right thing. You will be honest and act with integrity at all times.
2. Fairness, Respect and Courtesy
You act with self-control and tolerance, treating everybody with respect and courtesy. You respect the rights of all individuals.
3. Leadership, Objectivity and Openness
You lead by good example. You make choices based on facts and your best judgement. You are open and transparent in your actions and decisions.
4. Selflessness
You act in the public interest.
5. Responsibilities and Accountability
You will be diligent in the exercise of your responsibilities. You are answerable for your decisions, actions and omissions.
6. Confidentiality
You will treat information with respect, and in accordance with the law.
7. Equality and diversity
You act with fairness and impartiality. You will not discriminate unlawfully or unfairly.
8. Conduct
You will behave in a manner which does not bring discredit upon Neighbourhood Watch or Neighbourhood Watch partners, or undermine public confidence.


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Any Web site running Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) can use the Index Server search engine that comes with IIS. Adding a search engine to your Web site can be easy with Index Server, if your site's content is contained in a directory on the file system. Index Server doesn't use a Web spider or crawler like Google or other search engines—instead it loads all of the content under a directory. Index Server uses the file system security that's built into the NTFS file system to restrict access to documents that have been indexed.
Index Server has several advantages: It's free, it supports multiple languages with stemming, and it can index both Microsoft Office documents and HTML files. Developers can add additional file formats to the indexer by writing a text conversion tool that implements the IFilter interface.
Two disadvantages of using Index Server are that it doesn't have built-in support for indexing dynamic content, and it can index only the contents of one machine—if your Web site includes Web servers with different content, you can't use Index Server to implement a global search facility. To support a multi-server search, use a search engine that supports spiders or crawling, such as most of the commercial search solutions. If you have any database-driven content, you will have to generate static pages for your data and index them.
Running Index Server
Index Server runs as a service on your Windows Web server. All of the following directions are given for Windows 2000, but other versions of Windows will be very similar. To begin, open Control Panel, open the Services control panel under Administrative Tools, and start the Indexing Service if it's not already running. If you don't have Index Server installed, it can be added through the Add/Remove Programs control panel as a Windows component.
Creating a catalog
Once you have the indexing service started, you can create a catalog for your Index Server. A catalog is a collection of documents that corresponds to a directory on the file system. To manage Index Server, use the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Computer Management snap-in, which is also located in the Administrative Tools folder. The Computer Management snap-in is shown in Figure A.
|The Computer Management snap-in provides an interface for managing the indexing service.|
Under Services And Applications in the snap-in, select the Indexing Service. You'll create your catalog here. Right-click Indexing Service, and select New | Catalog. The Add Catalog dialog box will open. Give your catalog the name Example, and the search index will be C:\TEMP\SEARCH.
Index Server can work with IIS to add the virtual path to your content to the index, so you can create links right out of IIS. You need to associate the IIS Web site with your catalog so Index Server can pick up on the virtual directory being used. Right-click the Example catalog in either pane, and select Properties. Select the Tracking tab of the Example Properties dialog box that appears, as shown in Figure B. For WWW Server, choose Default Web Site, or whatever your IIS installation is called.
|Choose your IIS installation through the Tracking tab.|
When you go back to the Computer Management MMC snap-in, you'll see that the Example catalog is ready to be indexed, but it doesn't have any content assigned yet. By putting the content in C:\TEMP\CONTENT, you make it accessible through IIS as the virtual directory content. Add it to the catalog as a directory—each catalog can have multiple directories of content to index. Right-click the Directories folder under the Example catalog in the left hand pane, and select New | Directory.
Figure C shows the built-in query page that comes with the Index Server snap-in. I searched for the word "example," and got three hits, so I can tell my catalog was created properly.
|The Index Server snap-in offers this built-in query page.|
Writing a search page
Index Server comes with a component for running queries inside an ASP page. Another approach would be to use Active Data Objects (ADO) directly to access the index server in a similar manner as a database. Use the Index Server Query object, which has a ProgID of ixsso.Query.
Set up a standard ASP page (shown in Listing A), with a form that will always appear at the top, and results that show up only if the form has been submitted. Check to see if the searchPhrase variable is in the Request's QueryString. To get the results, create an instance of the Query object with Server.CreateObject("ixsso.Query") in the ASP.
Next, set up the Query object by setting its properties. The properties on the Query object you're going to use are:
- Catalog—The name of the Catalog you set up in the Index Server.
- Columns—A comma-delimited list of the columns you're going to get back, similar to a SQL query. Some available columns include: filename, vpath (virtual path on the Web server for the file), path (on the file system), DocAuthor, DocCharCount, DocTitle, DocWordCount, hitcount, rank (Index Server ranks each hit by how closely it matches the search terms), size (size of the document on disk), and write (timestamp of document's last modified time).
- MaxRecords—The maximum number of records the query will return.
- Query—The query the user searched for. It can be simple, or it can be written using the Index Server query language, which uses Boolean operators. (These operators include AND, OR, NOT, and NEAR.)
- SortBy—The column that Index Server should use to sort the results. This property takes the form columnName[a] or columnName[d] for ascending and descending. (Typically you'll use rank[d] to sort the query results by relevance, in descending order.)
You'll get the query from the form, and the other properties are going to be hard coded in the ASP. After you set the properties, create a RecordSet object from the Query, which tells IndexServer to execute the query and return a set of search results with the columns you wanted. It's very similar to executing a SELECT statement on a relational database and getting a set of results back from a table. You'll use this line of code:
Set objRecordSet = objQuery.CreateRecordSet("nonsequential")
You created the record set with the nonsequential cursorType parameter. You could have also used a sequential cursor, but that would be efficient only for forward scrolling in the results if you had a paged search results set.
Search solution on a budget
For Web sites built on IIS that don't have a large budget for a search solution, Microsoft's Index Server provides excellent functionality with a small investment of time. With its GUI catalog administration and use of ASP and ADO syntax, most Microsoft ASP developers should consider Index Server as a solution for most small and midsize projects where static content is stored on the file system.


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In celebration of Irish Heritage Month, here are some interesting facts about Irish ancestry in America.
Irish American Population Statistics
- There are 34.5 million people who claim Irish ancestry in America
- Approximately 11% of the total United States population is Irish American
- There are over 7 times more people of Irish descent in the United States than the entire population of Ireland
History of Irish Immigration to America
There were 2 major waves of Irish immigration to America.
- The first immigration period was in the Colonial era of the 18th century. These people set sail from the northern provinces of Ireland looking for new lives as American pioneers. The migration consisted of approximately 250,000 Scots-Irish who were predominately Protestant. The major ports of entry for these incoming Irish immigrants were in New York and Philadelphia.
- The second wave of immigration was between 1846 and 1900. During this period approximately 2,873,000 people fled to America from the southern provinces of Ireland. This was primarily due to the Great Irish Potato Famine, which caused poverty and starvation throughout Ireland. These new arrivals were predominately of Catholic denomination. The major American ports of entry were in New York and Boston. The Irish also arrived on trains and ships from Canada, which was then called British North America.
Origins of the Saying "Luck of the Irish"
During the _PHONE_ California Gold Rush many Irish immigrants headed out West to mine silver & gold. Many Americans said the immigrants' mining success was due to luck, not skill—hence the saying "Luck of the Irish."
Common Irish Surnames
Here is a list of the top 10 most common Irish last names and their meanings:
- Murphy – Sea Battlers
- Kelly – Bright-headed Ones
- O'Sullivan – Hawkeyed Ones
- Walsh – Welshmen
- O'Brien – Noblemen
- Byrne – Ravens
- Ryan – Little Kings
- O'Connor – Patrons of Warriors
- O'Neill - From a Champion, Niall of the Nine Hostages
- O'Reilly – Outgoing People, Descendants of Reilly
Percentage of Irish Americans by State
The Northeastern United States has the highest concentration of Irish Americans. The following 9 states all have more than 15% Irish ancestry in their total populations. The states are listed in descending order from highest to lowest total Irish population percentages. Massachusetts has the highest percentage in the United States with 22.5% of its residents claiming Irish ancestry.
- New Hampshire
- Rhode Island
- New Jersey
The following 9 U.S. states also have high Irish American populations of 12-14%. Montana has the highest in this range with 14.8% of its population claiming Irish ancestry.
- New York
11% to 11.9% of the residents in the following 7 states claim Irish ancestry.
- West Virginia
The remaining states have less than 11% Irish ancestry in their total populations.
Famous Americans Who Are a Wee Bit Irish
From presidents to outlaws, there have been many famous Irish Americans throughout U.S. history. Here are a few of them:
- John F. Kennedy a.k.a. JFK: 35th President of the United States
- Henry Ford: Founder of Ford Motor Company
- Barack Obama: 44th President of the United States
- William Henry McCarty Jr. a.k.a. Billy the Kid: Outlaw
- Judy Garland: Actress & Singer
- Bill O'Reilly: TV Host & Political Commentator
- Conan O'Brien: TV Host & Comedian
- Grace Kelly: Actress & Princess of Monaco
- Walter Elias Disney a.k.a. Walt Disney: Film Producer & Co-founder of the Walt Disney Company
- Danica Patrick: NASCAR Driver
- Eddie Murphy: Actor & Comedian
- Mel Gibson: Actor & Film Producer
Top Irish Genealogy Records
The top genealogy records to trace your Irish roots are:
- Ship Passenger Lists
- Birth Records
- Marriage Records
- U.S. Census Records
- Ireland Civil Registration Records
- Church Records
- Military Records
Did You Know?
Civil registration in Ireland didn't begin until 1864, although some non-Catholic marriages were recorded as early as 1845. Fortunately for genealogists, Irish American newspapers routinely published the news of Irish births, marriages and deaths for more than half a century before Ireland started recording them.
Got a little Irish in you? Discover your Irish American ancestry at _URL_
Follow GenealogyBank on social media with hashtag _TAG_ for more Irish American genealogy facts throughout Irish Heritage Month.


Careers in Experimental Psychology
Learn about human behavior with a degree in experimental psychology.
Specialists who work in experimental psychology use a methodological approach to conduct experiments in controlled situations in order to examine human behavior.
These psychologists take nothing for granted as they scrutinize human responses to sensation, perception, motivation, memory, learning and physiological psychology.
Experimental Psychologists may perform the following duties:
 - Run experiments to study human behaviorism and mental phenomena
 - Study behavior processes in animals
 - Use findings to inform diagnoses and treatments for various social, behavioral and emotional disorders
Work Environment
Experimental psychologists often work in private research centers and universities (where they are employed as professors), as well as nonprofit, business and government organizations. Their work is primarily focused on statistics, research and experimentation.
Training and Education
Becoming an experimental psychologist should begin with an undergraduate degree in psychology. From there, individuals are free to pursue a Master of Arts or Master of Science degree (MA or MS) in experimental psychology, or simply psychology MA and MS programs in psychology are more plentiful than programs in experimental psychology). These programs, which generally take two years to complete, will further expose students to the wide and fascinating field of psychology. However, this degree alone is not enough to enter the fiercely competitive field of experimental psychology.
Most doctorate programs (PhD) in experimental psychology require individuals to have obtained their MA or MS degree in one of the psychological fields. PhD programs can take three years or more years to complete, depending on the individual's time frame. These programs provide students with the nuanced training and knowledge to perform their own empirical research, read data and conduct experiments.
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Establish a connection between a process and a channel
_TAG_ _TAG_ int ConnectAttach( uint32_t nd, pid_t pid, int chid, unsigned index, int flags ); int ConnectAttach_r( uint32_t nd, pid_t pid, int chid, unsigned index, int flags );
Treating a connection as a file descriptor can lead to unexpected behavior.
Therefore, you should OR _NTO_SIDE_CHANNEL into
index when you create a connection.
If you do this, the connection ID is returned from a different space than
file descriptors; the ID is greater than any valid file descriptor.
Once created there's no difference in the use of the messaging primitives on this ID. The C library creates connections at various times without _NTO_SIDE_CHANNEL (e.g. during open()), however, it's unlikely that any applications would want to call it this way.
Use the -l c option to qcc to link against this library. This library is usually included automatically.
The ConnectAttach() and ConnectAttach_r() kernel calls establish a connection between the calling process and the channel specified by chid owned by the process specified by pid on the node specified by nd. Any function that passes a node descriptor can use either the value 0 or the constant ND_LOCAL_NODE to refer to the local node.
These functions are identical except in the way they indicate errors. See the Returns section for details.
|If a process wants other processes to communicate with it, it typically uses name_attach() to create a channel and associate a name with it, and the sender process uses name_open() to locate that name and create a connection to it.|
The return value is a connection ID, which is a small int representing the connection. The system returns the first available connection ID starting at the value specified by the index argument. Any thread in the calling process can use either MsgSendv() to send messages or MsgSendPulse() to send pulses over the connection. The connection ID is used directly as a POSIX file descriptor (fd) when communicating with I/O Resource managers such as a filesystem manager.
If you don't OR _NTO_SIDE_CHANNEL into index, this behavior might result:
File descriptor 1 (i.e., connection ID 1) is used as stdout, which is what printf() writes to. If your process makes any calls to printf(), NULL-terminated character strings are sent to the channel that you've connected to. Similar situations can happen with connection IDs 0 (stdin) and 2 (stderr).
Since connections are treated like file descriptors, a connection created by the parent without _NTO_SIDE_CHANNEL in index and without _NTO_COF_CLOEXEC in flags, causes a child process to inherit that connection during process creation. This inheritance is done during process creation by duplicating file descriptors.
During duplication, an _IO_DUP message (with 0x115 as the first 2 bytes) is sent to the receiver on the other side of the connection. The receiver won't be expecting this message.
If index has _NTO_SIDE_CHANNEL set, the index is ignored and the connection ID returned is the first available index in the _NTO_SIDE_CHANNEL space.
If a process creates multiple connections to the same channel, the system maintains a link count and shares internal kernel object resources for efficiency.
Connections are owned by the process and may be used simultaneously by any thread in the process. You can detach a connection by calling ConnectDetach(). If any threads are blocked on the channel (via MsgSendv()) at the time the connection is detached, the send fails and returns with an error.
|Connections and connection IDs persist until you call ConnectDetach(), even if the other process dies.|
The connection is strictly local (i.e., it doesn't resolve across the network) and is resolved on the first use of the connection ID.
These calls don't block.
The nd (node descriptor) is a temporary numeric description of a remote node. For more information, see the Qnet Networking chapter of the System Architecture guide.
|To:||Use this function:|
|Compare two nd objects||ND_NODE_CMP()|
|Convert a nd to text||netmgr_ndtostr()|
|Convert text to a nd||netmgr_strtond()|
A connection ID that's used by the message primitives. If an error occurs:
ChannelCreate(), ConnectDetach(), execl(), execle(), execlp(), execlpe(), execv(), execve(), execvp(), execvpe(), MsgSendPulse(), MsgSendv(), name_attach(), name_open(), netmgr_remote_nd()
Message Passing chapter of Getting Started with QNX Neutrino


Determining Residency for Canadian Taxation Purposes
Categories: Blog, Tax
For the purposes of determining tax liability, taxpayers are categorized into two groups: residents (of Canada) and non-residents (of Canada). Generally, taxpayers who are Canadian residents are subject to tax on all worldwide income; however, taxpayers who are not Canadian residents are generally only subject to tax on income tied to Canadian sources.1 Therefore a taxpayer's residency status can have significant tax implications.
Quite a few people assume that taxation in Canada is based on citizenship or immigration status. This is a common misunderstanding. The test is whether or not you are a resident of Canada. A person can be a resident of Canada even if they are not a Canadian citizen or a landed immigrant. On the other hand, a person who is a Canadian citizen may not be a Canadian resident for income tax purposes.
It can be confusing. Sometimes it is best to start by thinking about where you live rather than what your citizenship or immigration status is.
Residency is determined annually. If it is determined that a taxpayer was a resident at any time during the year, that taxpayer is considered to be a resident for the whole year. There is an exception for a "part-time resident" under section 114 of the Income Tax Act of Canada (ITA). Under this provision, if a taxpayer enters or leaves Canada permanently, the taxation year will be split and the taxpayer will be categorized as a "part-time resident." Part-time residents are subject to special rules for calculating income, including income-splitting; however, this will only arise in the year that the taxpayer enters or leaves Canada permanently.
The term "resident" is not specifically defined in the ITA. As a result, it is necessary to review Court decisions (case law) to provide guidance on the meaning of resident and in what circumstances a person will be considered to be a resident and in what circumstances they will not be a resident.
The Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") publishes regular information sheets, called "folios", setting out the CRA's interpretation. The folios can be very helpful in attempting to predict how the CRA will categorize a taxpayer (i.e. resident or non-resident); unfortunately, the folios are not legally binding (unlike the case law). For example, refer to folio S5-F1-C1.
The CRA may also ask a person to complete a questionnaire (NR 73: Determination of residency status (leaving Canada) and NR 74: Determination of residency status (entering Canada)) and may make a determination of your residency status. But it is important to recognize that this is a determination by the CRA and a person is entitled to disagree with the CRA and have the question determined by the Court.
There are special rules for determining the residency of corporations and trusts, but that is beyond the scope of this article. Here, we will confine our discussion to residency of taxpayers who are individuals.
The ITA provides for residency of individuals into the following types:
1. Ordinarily Resident. An individual is ordinarily resident if he or she meets the ordinary, dictionary definition of "resident". In determining residence, the Courts consider residential "ties" to Canada, including visits or stays in Canada, assets in Canada, and social connections to Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada held that an individual "is 'ordinarily resident' in the place where in the settled routine of his life he regularly, normally or customarily lives."2
2. Deemed Resident. A non-resident can be "deemed" to be a resident in certain circumstances. Under section 250(1) of the ITA, an individual may be considered a deemed resident if he or she stayed in Canada for a total of 183 days or more throughout a taxation year (it need not be consecutive). Section 250(1) also sets out other circumstances where an individual may be considered a deemed resident, including people who serve in the Canadian Forces, an ambassador or high commissioner of Canada or others listed in s.250 (1) of the ITA.
3. By international tax treaty. Because a person can have a home in more than one country it is possible to be a resident of two (or more) countries at the same time. A person can be a dual resident. This may require the person to file tax returns in two countries and possibly report their worldwide income in both countries. To avoid this problem, Canada has entered into numerous tax treaties with other countries to avoid double taxation. These treaties contain "tie breaker" rules to resolve the question of residency when a person is resident in both countries. The rules ensure that the person is only a resident of one of the countries.
Residency status in tax law is not straight-forward, and in some cases it can be counter-intuitive. While the CRA can make a finding of residency status for a taxpayer, it is possible for the CRA to make an incorrect determination. The CRA's determinations are not always final and can be disputed. Ultimately, it is the Courts that have the final say in determining residency status.
If you currently live and/or work outside of Canada for all or part of the year, are planning a change that may affect your residency status, or have been assessed by the CRA based on a residency finding that you feel may be incorrect, you should seriously consider contacting me to discuss the tax implications of your situation and your options.
1For more information on the tax and reporting obligations of residents and non-residents, see my article in last month's issue of Legal Alert titled Foreign Income and Assets: Tax Implications under the Canadian Income Tax Act.
2Thomson v Minister of National Revenue, [1946] SCR 209, 1946 CarswellNat 76, at para 71.
*Providing services through a law corporation


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Acoustics and Vibration Measurement (VIB 201-E)
Engineers, Scientists, or Technicians
This self-directed online course will enable calibration technicians to precisely and reliably measure acoustics and vibration in accordance with relevant ISO standards. The material covers both conceptual and practical components of sound measurement, and the tools and units necessary to reliably measure acoustics and vibration.
- Measurement Methods
- Measuring Instruments
- Quantifying Sound and Vibration
- Accelerometer Design and Calibration
Hours Required to Complete
1 LEU Awarded
This e-learning course requires internet access to complete.


6,562 ft) with averages from 12 to 25 °C (53.6 to 77.0 °F); many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region. Colder conditions with temperatures from 9 to 11 °C (48.2 to 51.8 °F) are found in the cool zone between 2,000 and 3,000 meters (6,562 and 9,843 ft), especially in the Venezuelan Andes, where Pastureland and permanent snowfield with yearly averages below 8 °C (46 °F) cover land above 3,000 meters (9,843 ft) in the páramos.
The highest temperature recorded was 42 °C (108 °F) in Machiques,[64] and the lowest temperature recorded was −11 °C (12 °F), it has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Páramo de Piedras Blancas (Mérida state),[65] even though no official reports exist, there is knowledge of lower temperatures in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida.
Venezuela lies within the Neotropic ecozone; large portions of the country were originally covered by moist broadleaf forests. One of seventeen megadiverse countries,[66] Venezuela's habitats range from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east. They include xeric scrublands in the extreme northwest and coastal mangrove forests in the northeast.[32] Its cloud forests and lowland rainforests are particularly rich.[67]
Animals of Venezuela are diverse and include manatees, Three-toed sloth, Two-toed sloth, Amazon river dolphins, and Orinoco crocodiles, which have been reported to reach up to 6.6 m (22 ft) in length. Venezuela hosts a total of 1,417 bird species, 48 of which are endemic.[68] Important birds include ibises, ospreys, kingfishers,[67] and the yellow-orange Venezuelan Troupial, the national bird. Notable mammals include the Giant Anteater, jaguar, and the capybara, the world's largest rodent. More than half of Venezuelan avian and mammalian species are found in the Amazonian forests south of the Orinoco.[69]
For the fungi, an account was provided by R.W.G. Dennis[70] which has been digitized and the records made available on-line as part of the Cybertruffle Robigalia database.[71] That database includes nearly 3,900 species of fungi recorded from Venezuela, but is far from complete, and it is likely that the true total number of fungal species already known from Venezuela is higher. The true total number of fungal species occurring in Venezuela, including species not yet recorded, is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7% of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered.[72]
The araguaney (Tabebuia chrysantha), Venezuela's national tree.
Among plants of Venezuela, over 25,000 species of orchids are found in the country's cloud forest and lowland rainforest ecosystems.[67] These include the flor de mayo orchid (Cattleya mossiae), the national flower. Venezuela's national tree is the araguaney, whose characteristic lushness after the rainy season led novelist Rómulo Gallegos to name it "[l]a primavera de oro de los araguaneyes" (the golden spring of the araguaneyes).
Venezuela is among the top twenty countries in terms of endemism.[73] Among its animals, 23% of reptilian and 50% of amphibian species are endemic.[73] Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Venezuela: 1334 species of fungi have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the country.[74] Some 38% of the over 21,000 plant species known from Venezuela are unique to the country.[73]
Venezuela is one of the ten most biodiverse countries on the planet, yet it is one of the leaders of deforestation due to economic and political factors. Each year, roughly 287 600 hectares of forest is permanently destroyed and other areas are degraded by mining, oil extraction and logging. Between 1990 and 2005, Venezuela officially lost 8.3% of its forest cover, which is approximately 4 313 000 hectares. In response, federal protections for critical habitat were implemented; for example, 20% to 33% of forested land is protected.[69] The country has a biosphere reserve that is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; five wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.[75] In 2003, 70% of the nation's land was under conservation management in over 200 protected areas, including 43 national parks.[76] Venezuela's 43 national parks include Canaima National Park, Morrocoy National Park and Mochima National Park. In the far south is a reserve for the country's Yanomami tribes. Covering 32,000 square miles (almost 83,000 square kilometers), the area is off-limits to farmers, miners, and all non-Yanomami settlers.
Government and politics[edit]
Following the fall of Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958, Venezuelan politics were dominated by the Third Way Christian democratic COPEI and the center-left social democratic Democratic Action (AD) parties; this two-party system was formalized by the puntofijismo arrangement. Economic crises in the 1980s and 1990s led to a political crisis which saw hundreds dead in the Caracazo riots of 1989, two attempted coups in 1992, and impeachment of President Carlos Andrés Pérez for corruption in 1993. A collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 election of Hugo Chávez, who had led the first of the 1992 coup attempts, and the launch of a "Bolivarian Revolution", beginning with a 1999 Constituent Assembly to write a new Constitution of Venezuela.
The opposition's attempts to unseat Chávez included the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, the Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003, and the Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004, all of which failed. Chávez was re-elected in December 2006, but suffered a significant defeat in 2007 with the narrow rejection of the Venezuelan constitutional referendum, 2007, which had offered two packages of constitutional reforms aimed at deepening the Bolivarian Revolution.
There are currently two major blocs of political parties in Venezuela: the incumbent leftist bloc United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), its major allies Fatherland for All (PPT) and the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV), and the opposition bloc grouped into the electoral coalition Mesa de la Unidad Democrática. This includes A New Era (UNT) together with allied parties Project Venezuela, Justice First, Movement for Socialism (MAS) and others. Hugo Chávez, the central figure of the Venezuelan political landscape since his election to the Presidency in 1998 as a political outsider, died in office in early 2013, and was succeeded by Nicolás Maduro (initially as interim President, before narrowly winning the Venezuelan presidential election, 2013).
The Venezuelan president is elected by a vote, with direct and universal suffrage, and is both head of state and head of government. The term of office is six years, and (as of 15 February 2009) a president may be re-elected an unlimited number of times. The president appoints the vice president and decides the size and composition of the cabinet and makes appointments to it with the involvement of the legislature. The president can ask the legislature to reconsider portions of laws he finds objectionable, but a simple parliamentary majority can override these objections.
The president may ask the National Assembly to pass an enabling act granting the ability to rule by decree in specified policy areas; this requires a two-thirds majority in the Assembly. Since 1959 six Venezuelan presidents have been granted such powers.
The unicameral Venezuelan parliament is the Asamblea Nacional ("National Assembly"). The number of members is variable – each state and the Capital district elect three representatives plus the result of dividing the state population by 1.1% of the total population of the country.[77] Three seats are reserved for representatives of Venezuela's indigenous peoples. For the 2011–2016 period the number of seats is 165.[78] All deputies serve five-year terms.
The voting age in Venezuela is 18 and older. Voting is not compulsory.[79]
The legal system of Venezuela belongs to the Continental Law tradition. The highest judicial body is the Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, whose magistrates are elected by parliament for a single twelve-year term. The National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral, or CNE) is in charge of electoral processes; it is formed by five main directors elected by the National Assembly. Supreme Court president Luisa Estela Morales said in December 2009 that Venezuela had moved away from "a rigid division of powers" toward a system characterized by "intense coordination" between the branches of government. Morales clarified that each power must be independent adding that "one thing is separation of


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adv. - In a total manner; wholly; entirely.
Synonyms of the word Totally are:
The word Totally is spelled correctly.
The word Totaly is spelled incorrectly.
[word]Valley Girl[/word] Speak that means "Of course!"
Example: [word]Valley Girl[/word] Speak that means "Of course!"
This web page will help you better understand many of the words of the english language. We create for our customers a tool that will help you correct the most common mistakes of the english language and synonyms of our language. If the search will not produce any results, please try another word or back to home


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Possible causes for breading failure in common terns
Context of the study
Since 1997 the Dutch Coastal and Marine institute (RIKZ) monitors the breading birds of the Delta area. One of these breading birds is the common tern. In 1994 the colony in Terneuzen was struck by serious signs of illness, while the other colonies in the delta area remained healthy. The number of breading couples decreased strongly, and the breading outcome was terrible: eggs didn't hatch, young birds were diseased and suffered mass casualties. In 1999 the signs of illness vanished and the number of breading couples increased again. However, after 2000, the eggs started to show anomalies (small cracks or bulges), which indicated that the population still hadn't recovered.
Content of the study
This study investigated possible causes (both ecological as chemical) for the problems in the common tern colony of Terneuzen.
Main results of the study
The study eliminated 2 of 3 hypothetic causes: namely infection by viruses or bacteria and suffocation by certain plants. This leaves chemicals as the only potential cause. Three groups of chemicals have been encountered in higher concentrations in the Terneuzen colony than in other colonies: organotin compounds, PBDEs and "unidentified substances". However further research is necessary to determine which of these 3 groups of substances caused the problems of the common tern colony.
- van den Heuvel-Greve, M.J.; Hoekstein, M.S.J.; Lefèvre, F.O.B.; Meininger, P.J.; Vethaak, A.D. (2003). Mogelijke oorzaken van slecht broedsucces in de visdiefkolonie bij Terneuzen; Stand van zaken en aanbevelingen. Rapport RIKZ, 2003.037: Middelburg, the Netherlands. 38 pp.
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.


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A math homework assignment that asked fourth grade students to tally the number of slaves on a ship has sparked outrage among parents and administrators in Manhattan.
The assignment was devised by another group of students, after they apparently expressed interest in the transatlantic slave trade. It required fourth graders to calculate the remainder of those not killed by a mutiny aboard the vessel, and to determine the number of times slaves were beaten in one month.
"This is really inappropriate," student teacher Aziza Harding told CNN affiliate NY1 on Friday. "It should not be a homework assignment, and I did not want to make copies of this."
Harding was asked to photocopy the assignment by another teacher, but refused because the questions made her uncomfortable and she thought it desensitized students to the horrors of slavery.
The first question read: "In a slave ship, there are 3,799 slaves. One day, the slaves took over the ship. 1,897 slaves are dead. How many slaves are alive?"
The second question read: "One slave got whipped five times a day. How many times did he get whipped in a month (31 days)? Another slave got whipped nine times a day. How many times did he get whipped in a month? How many times did the two slaves get whipped together in one month?"
The worksheet was created earlier this year by another teacher whose students were studying the history of slavery in their social studies class. During a math lesson, they were asked to create word problems on the same topic. Another teacher borrowed the worksheet before leaving for vacation, according to a statement by New York school officials.
"This is obviously unacceptable and we will take appropriate disciplinary action against these teachers," said Connie Pankratz, a spokesperson for the NYC Department of Education. "The chancellor spoke to the principal, and she has already taken steps to ensure this does not happen again."
Adele Schroeter, the school principal, said she was appalled and will be meeting with staff as well as families.
"I have already met with the teacher and have arranged for training around this issue for the entire staff at my school," she said in a statement.


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The chimps at Whipsnade Zoo in Bedfordshire got a Christmas treat this morning, waking up to wrapped presents of dried fruit and nuts in their enclosure. The group of six took just minutes to empty the stockings, and tear open the boxes of food.
The zoo says the presents are more than a bit of fun, and are part of a range of important enrichment activities which the chimps do from day to day.
– Jane Storr, Senior Keeper
"The group are very inquisitive, so giving them gifts like stuffed stockings and presents are a fantastic way of keeping them stimulated and encouraging their natural foraging behaviours."
Foraging is an essential skill for chimps to learn, requiring a combination of intelligence and dexterity. Recent research at the University of Portsmouth found that in the wild the animals pay great attention to what they eat and how, learning how to prepare their food from one another like a human family might do.
The breakfast of dried fruits, nuts and seeds that the chimps had today is a change from their usual morning meals of raw and cooked vegetables. On a regular day they have five or six smaller feeds, which include very small quantities of fruit and nuts.
Click below to watch a video of the chimps:


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Messaging module allows to exchange instant messages between two or more participants. Messaging supports text and metadata. The conversation doesn't bind or depend on audio/video calls though there is a possibility to integrate messaging in audio/video calls. FEATURES:
 1. Messaging is the separate part of WEB SDK but it uses the Client.login, Client.loginWithOneTimeKey and Client.loginWithToken methods. In brief, if a user has already been logged in, he can use Messaging functionality.
 2. Messaging doesn't use backend JS scenarios at all.


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How did minorities experience the 1950s?
1 Answer | Add Yours
Of course, different racial minorities experienced the 1950s in ways that were at least somewhat different from one another. We can generally say, however, that minorities experienced the 1950s as a more negative time than whites did.
The most prominent minority group in the US during the 1950s was African Americans. During this decade, they were still experiencing much discrimination. This was the decade of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the harshly negative reaction among whites to the integration of the high school in Little Rock. Things went beyond mere discrimination as well. This was also the decade in which Emmett Till was killed for talking to a white woman the wrong way.
Hispanics and Native Americans also experienced the 1950s negatively in some ways. This was the decade in which the federal government was willing to try to deport large numbers of illegal immigrants and felt that it was appropriate to name the program "Operation Wetback." Native Americans suffered in this decade as the government tried to pursue a policy called "termination" that was meant to disband Indian tribes and force Indians to assimilate into mainstream society.
Thus, while not all minorities experienced the '50s in the same ways, minorities generally had a poorer experience in this decade than whites did.
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The long-term objective of the proposed research is to provide reliable documentation of the infant's developing ability to discriminate and comprehend the emotional expressions of others. It focuses specifically on infant sensitivity to vocal expressions of emotion. The traditional emphasis on the face as the primary site for the expression of affect has contributed to the neglect of the voice as a source of emotional information despite its acknowledged importance in mother-infant communication. Three as yet unresolved questions are addressed: 1) Given that the mother's characteristic speech to infants, with its exaggerated intonation contours and heightened pitch, may be an especially salient stimulus for infants, will young infants discriminate the mother's emotional vocalizations sooner than those of a stranger? 2) Can infants interrelate vocal and visual aspect of the same emotional expression and, if so, do they achieve such intermodal matching on the basis of concrete relations such as temporal synchrony or on the basis of more abstract """"""""meaning"""""""" relations? 3) Do infants understand the action implications of a vocal expression--i.e., that a cheerful voice signals friendly behavior? A variety of procedures--habituation-recovery, intermodal matching, and familiarization-novelty--will be used to answer these questions. The results are expected to have implications for social perception in infancy, mother-infant interaction, and emotional as well as cognitive/linguistic development.
|Caron, A J; Caron, R F; MacLean, D J (1988) Infant discrimination of naturalistic emotional expressions: the role of face and voice. Child Dev 59:604-16|


On the Complexity of Linear Prediction: Risk Bounds, Margin Bounds, and Regularization
Bibtex Metadata Paper
Sham M. Kakade, Karthik Sridharan, Ambuj Tewari
We provide sharp bounds for Rademacher and Gaussian complexities of (constrained) linear classes. These bounds make short work of providing a number of corollaries including: risk bounds for linear prediction (including settings where the weight vectors are constrained by either $L_2$ or $L_1$ constraints), margin bounds (including both $L_2$ and $L_1$ margins, along with more general notions based on relative entropy), a proof of the PAC-Bayes theorem, and $L_2$ covering numbers (with $L_p$ norm constraints and relative entropy constraints). In addition to providing a unified analysis, the results herein provide some of the sharpest risk and margin bounds (improving upon a number of previous results). Interestingly, our results show that the uniform convergence rates of empirical risk minimization algorithms tightly match the regret bounds of online learning algorithms for linear prediction (up to a constant factor of 2).


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Lesson 12
2 Peter; 1 John
Complete assignment 1 and any three of the remaining assignments:
1. 2 Peter 1. Attributes of Divine Nature
Study 2 Peter 1:1–4 and the institute student manual commentary for 2 Peter 1:4–8, "What Does It Mean to Be 'Partakers of the Divine Nature'?" (p. 423). Write a statement describing what you can do to more effectively escape "the corruption that is in the world" and partake of divine nature.
Read 2 Peter 1:5–7 and compare the attributes of divine nature Peter mentioned with those listed in Doctrine and Covenants 4:5–7. Then describe a particular activity, action, or conduct you could do to further develop each attribute listed from 2 Peter 1:5–7:
 - Faith
 - Virtue
 - Knowledge
 - Temperance
 - Patience
 - Godliness
 - Kindness
 - Charity
Read 2 Peter 1:8–12. Several times in these verses Peter used the term these things. "These things" are the attributes listed in verses 5–7. Explain in writing what Peter said he would do with "these things." What did Peter say would happen to those who develop these attributes in abundance?
Read John 17:3; 3 Nephi 27:27. Then write a paragraph describing the relationship between possessing these attributes and knowing the Lord. Why it is so important to develop these attributes?
Read 2 Peter 1:10; Mosiah 26:20; Doctrine and Covenants 132:49 and the student manual commentary for 2 Peter 1:10, "What Is Meant by Having One's Calling and Election Made Sure?" (p. 423) and "Must an Individual Be Married for Eternity to Have His Calling and Election Made Sure?" (p. 423). Describe in writing what Peter exhorted the Saints to seek. What does it mean to make your calling and election sure?
Read 2 Peter 1:20–21 (note JST footnote a) and the student manual commentary for 2 Peter 1:21, "How Does One Correctly Interpret Scripture?" (p. 423). Write a paragraph explaining what Peter taught about interpreting the scriptures. How can you ensure that you interpret scriptures correctly? How have the teachings of Church leaders or the guidance of the Spirit helped you understand a particular scripture?
2. 2 Peter 2. Teaching
Read 2 Peter 2:1–19. Record the characteristics of false teachers described by Peter. Explain in writing how your list helps you recognize false teachers today.
Read 2 Peter 2:20–22; Doctrine and Covenants 82:3, 7. In your own words, write a few sentences describing the dangers of returning to the "pollutions of the world."
3. 2 Peter 3. The Second Coming
Read 2 Peter 3, and be sure to use the information in the Joseph Smith Translation as you read. Describe in writing what counsel Peter gave that can help us avoid false teachings and remain faithful as we prepare for the Second Coming. Chapter 3 describes "scoffers," who attempt to explain away the signs and prophecies of the Second Coming. Write a paragraph describing what Moroni 7:12–17; Doctrine and Covenants 45:57; 46:7–8 teach that can help us avoid deception.
Read 2 Peter 3:10 and underline the phrases you find about the Second Coming. Then complete the following tasks:
 - Read Joseph Smith––Matthew 1:3–39 and write the name of the parable that helps the "elect. . . know" (v. 39) the season of the Second Coming. If the righteous are going to know the season of the Second Coming from the signs given, then whom will the Second Coming be like a "thief in the night" for? (2 Peter 3:10; see also Joseph Smith––Matthew 1:46–48).
 - Explain in writing how Doctrine and Covenants 133:41 helps us understand the source of burning at the time of the Second Coming.
4. 1 John 1–3. That Ye May Have Fellowship with Us and with God
Read 1 John 1:1–4. Describe in writing John's desire for those he wrote to. Study the following scripture references and then list what these verses teach about how we can come to know God better and have greater joy and fellowship with God:
Choose one of the ways to greater joy and fellowship with God as you described it above and write a paragraph explaining how you can better implement those principles in your life.
5. 1 John 3–5. Walk in the Light and Love of God
Read 1 John 3:16–23; 4:7–21. Write a paragraph telling how God shows His love for us and how we can show our love for Him.
Read 1 John 4:9–10. List the manifestations of God's love mentioned in these verses. Read John 3:16; 1 John 5:11; 2 Nephi 9:10. Explain in writing how sending His Son to atone for our sins manifests Heavenly Father's love for us.
Study 1 John 5:1–4; JST, 1 John 5:18; Mosiah 5:2; Alma 5:14; Moses 6:59–60. Write a paragraph on how a person becomes "born of God."
6. 2 John. Abide "in the Doctrine of Christ"
Read 2 John 1:7 and the student manual commentary for 2 John 7, "For Many Deceivers Are Entered into the World" (p. 437). Summarize in one or two paragraphs the false doctrine John warned against, where it came from, and what effect it would have if it were believed.
Read 2 John 1:8–13. Write one or two sentences explaining what counsel John gave that could help avoid this and other false doctrines generally.
7. 3 John. "Walk in Truth"
Read 3 John 1:1–11. Write a brief comparison between the actions of Gaius and Diotrephes. Read the student manual Points to Ponder section "Disobedience to Priesthood Authority" (p. 441). List some of the results that come to those who criticize the leaders of the Church. Read Alma 39:11. What influence could Gaius's and Diotrephes's examples have on others?


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history of the rona tranby trust
The Rona Tranby Trust was established in 1991 from a bequest in the Will of Thomas Paul Rona who died tragically with his wife Eva in a car accident in September 1987.
In his Will, Tom Rona directed thata specific bequest from his Estate be held for the benefit of Tranby Aboriginal College or the Aboriginal Legal Service according to the discretion of the Trustees of the Estate.
The Ronas were Holocaust survivors who lost many family members in Nazi concentration camps during WWII. Both were committed social justice activists, taking a keen role in raising awareness of the Holocaust within the non-Jewish community. As members of the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies they were also active in promoting inter-ethnic harmony.
The Rona family at the suggestion of Kitty Fischer, Eva's sister, approached Gridiger Lawyers for advice in fulfilling the wishes of Thomas Rona. Roland Gridiger considered a number of suggestions from the relevant communities and recommended that the Trustees of the Estate adopt the Rona Tranby Trust.
In setting up the Rona Tranby Trust, it was agreed that parallels between Aboriginal and Jewish history gave a compelling logic to link these different communities. Both peoples share important values and priorities and have suffered persecution, dispossession of lands and attempted genocide.
The Rona Tranby Trust was launched at a public ceremony at Tranby Aboriginal College on September 2nd 1991 in the presence of the Hon. Paul Zammit, NSW Minister assisting the Premier on Aboriginal and Ethnic Affairs.
The Rona Tranby Award & collection
The bequest in Tom Rona's Will enabled the Trustees of the Rona Estate to establish 'The Rona Tranby Award & Collection'. This evolved into a collaboration between Tranby Aboriginal College, Glebe and the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies and set out the projects that would fulfill the requirements of the Trust.
Rona Tranby Awards are given to support the recording and preservation of Indigenous Australian oral history. The original concept of the award was to utilise the skills that had been cultivated within the Jewish community in the recording of the oral histories of Holocaust survivors. It was thought that such expertise could be shared to assist Indigenous Australian communities record the oral histories of their Elders.


Rodeta" (banding wheel)
Sexual division of labour
Gender and space
A banding wheel is a work tool made for use in the workroom of a factory or a ceramics workshop during the process of decorating ceramic objects.
It is a necessary implement to divide up the decoration of the piece over its entire surface using fine and thick lines, between which the artist would create decoration that was either similar to or differentiated from the other decorative elements framed within them. Applying these lines also enclosed the decoration as a whole, both to complete the ornamentation along the edge of the mouth of the piece and to enclose it at the base.


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ThysdrusArticle Free Pass
Thysdrus, modern El Jem, ancient Roman city south of Hadrumetum (modern Sousse) in what is now Tunisia. Although it was originally a native community influenced by Carthaginian civilization, Thysdrus probably received Julius Caesar's veterans as settlers in 45 bc. Thysdrus did not become a municipium (settlement with partial rights of citizenship) until the reign of Septimius Severus (ad 193–211). In 244 it finally became a Roman colonia (settlement with full rights of citizenship). The wealth of its territory is shown by a vast amphitheatre built there, the largest Roman monument in Africa and second in impressiveness only to the Colosseum at Rome. Because the site lies under the modern town of El Jem, excavation is difficult.
What made you want to look up "Thysdrus"? Please share what surprised you most...


"Powered by the best blood lines."
Hackney Stud "De Heemhoeve"
Torendijk 2
7495 PX Ambt Delden
tel. 074 - _PHONE_
E-mail _EMAIL_
History of the Hackney
Mathias, 1895
There are different views on the origin of the name Hackney. It probably originated from the Middle English word 'Hakene', which meant lady's mount. Another possibility is that it originates from the French 'haquenee', which means small horse. The Hackney descends from the Norfolk Trotter and the Thoroughbred. By the influential Thoroughbreds Flying Childers (1714) and Bartlett's Childers (1716) the blood of de famous Arabian stallion Darley Arabian (1700) is anchored in almost all the sire lines in the Hackney breeding.
The stallion Mathias (1895) played an important part in the breeding history of the modern Hackney.
The most distinctive characteristic of the hackney is probably the special gait it has. Hackneys have a large suspended trot, at which the forelegs are lifted up high and far to the front. Before the foot is put down, it 'holds back' for a moment in the air, which prolongs the suspension. For good reason they are called 'Ballerinas of horse show arenas' due to their elevated, elegant gaits.
With regard to Hackneys, a distinction is made between ponies (with height of the withers between 1.20 - 1.40 meter) and horses (from 1.40 meter, in practice usually between 1.55 - 1.65 meter).
Initially, the Hackney was used as a pack and riding animal. Due to its speed and great endurance, particularly in Great Britain the Hackney has been hitched up in front of a stage-coach for a very long time. Nowadays, the Hackney is mainly used for various show disciplines of the driving sports.


Closes out - Crossword Clue
Below are possible answers for the crossword clue Closes out.
4 letter answer(s) to closes out
 2. a boundary marking the extremities of something; "the end of town"
 4. the surface at either extremity of a three-dimensional object; "one end of the box was marked 'This side up'"
 6. (football) the person who plays at one end of the line of scrimmage; "the end managed to hold onto the pass"
Other crossword clues with similar answers to 'Closes out'
Still struggling to solve the crossword clue 'Closes out'?
If you're still haven't solved the crossword clue Closes out then why not search our database by the letters you have already!


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Copperhead was a term applied to northerners who favored the Confederate cause during the Civil War. The name came from the poisonous snake, which had a reputation for striking and injecting its venom with no warning.
The Copperheads were opposed to the abolition of slavery, sought to undermine the Lincoln administration, and openly agitated against the Civil War, urging that peace be made with the south. The best-known Copperhead was an Ohio politician, C.L. Vallandigham, who at one point was arrested by the Union Army and sent into exile to the Confederacy.


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Preacher's Cave, on the North end of the island, has both a natural
and historical appeal. It was in this large, blue-shadowed cave that
the Eleutheran Adventurers sought shelter after shipwrecking nearby.
They had fled Bermuda in search of religious freedom, and it was in
this cave that they held their first services in what would become
their permanent home.
In 1647 a group that called themselves the "Eleutherian Adventurers" left Bermuda to find a place where they could practice religious freedom. They encountered a storm and the ship they were sailing in ran onto rocks which was later called the Devils Back Bone north of Spanish Wells.
The Adventurers lead by William Sayles found their way to shore and took refuge in what was later called Preacher's Cave. A religious service was held in Preacher's cave every year for the next 100 years on the anniversary of the day that God lead the adventurers to safety in what they believed to be the promised land.
Although they had shelter they had lost all their provisions and were unable to feed themselves. One of their members an expert sailor took a small boat and managed to make his way to boston, where he told of their plight and asked for help. The citizens of Boston sent all the supplies they needed. The Adventurers were able to start their new life in the place they christened Eleuthera from the Greek word meaning Freedom.
The Eleutherian people later repaid Boston by cutting the extremely valuable Braziletto wood and sent shiploads to Boston with the instructions to sell it and donate the proceeds to Harvard University. Thereby repaying Boston for their kindness.
The newly settled island of Eleuthera was the first island to be settled in the Bahamas. Later black people came to Eleuthera also seeking freedom. They were welcomed by the adventures and they all lived happily side by side for centuries. They intermarried and most of the Eleutherians you meet today are descendants of the original freedom seekers that started it all. Today tourists come to Eleuthera and feel the same warmth, acceptance and feeling of freedom that has been experienced on Eleuthera for many hundred years, since the day it all started at Preacher's Cave.
Here's a few detailed maps of the north part of North Eleuthera, near Spanish Wells, that shows where Preacher's Cave is


_prod
 1. Now, like discussed in the above model, we will initialize the bayesian model, prepare all the conditional probability (for all variables) and then add it to the initialized model.
 # Defining a model
 from pgmpy.models import BayesianModel
 from pgmpy.factors.discrete import TabularCPD
 model = BayesianModel([('A', 'J'), ('R', 'J'), ('J', 'Q'), ('J', 'L'), ('G', 'L')])
 cpd_a = TabularCPD('A', 2, values=[[0.2], [0.8]])
 cpd_r = TabularCPD('R', 2, values=[[0.4], [0.6]])
 cpd_j = TabularCPD('J', 2, values=[[0.9, 0.6, 0.7, 0.1],
 [0.1, 0.4, 0.3, 0.9]],
 evidence=['A', 'R'], evidence_card=[2, 2])
 cpd_q = TabularCPD('Q', 2, values=[[0.9, 0.2], [0.1, 0.8]],
 evidence=['J'], evidence_card=[2])
 cpd_l = TabularCPD('L', 2, values=[[0.9, 0.45, 0.8, 0.1],
 [0.1, 0.55, 0.2, 0.9]],
 evidence=['J', 'G'], evidence_card=[2, 2])
 cpd_g = TabularCPD('G', 2, values=[[0.6], [0.4]])
 model.add_cpds(cpd_a, cpd_r, cpd_j, cpd_q, cpd_l, cpd_g)
 1. Now, calculate the inference from your customized inference algorithm and compare it with the VariableElimination method.
 # Doing inference with our SimpleInference
 infer = SimpleInference(model)
 a = infer.query(var=['A'], evidence=[('J', 0), ('R', 1)])
You can check the full demo here.
In this article, we have discussed the pgmpy python library which provides a simple API for working with Graphical models(bayesian model, markov model,etc. It is highly modular and quite extensible.
Official codes, Docs & Tutorials are available at:
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Bioethics 101 provides a systematic, five-lesson introductory course to support educators in incorporating bioethics into the classroom through the use of sequential, day-to-day lesson plans. This curriculum is designed to help science teachers in guiding their students to analyze issues using scientific facts, ethical principles, and reasoned judgment.
These lessons represent a "best of" compilation from our popular Ethics Primer. Through the use of case studies, ethical principles, decision-making frameworks and stakeholder role-play, students are fully supported in learning how to justify an answer to an ethical question.
If you've been looking for a structured way to introduce bioethics into your classroom, this resource is for you!
In order for us to measure how our curriculum resources are being used, please take a moment to contact us and let us know the class or classes in which you're using our lessons. We also welcome feedback about our Bioethics 101 curriculum. We will not share your contact information with anyone.
Complete Lesson Plans
Lesson 1--Introduction to Bioethics NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson1.pdf
Lesson 2--Principles of Bioethics NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson2_0.pdf
Lesson 3--Finding the Stakeholders NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson3.pdf
Lesson 4--Making a Strong Justification NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson4.pdf
Lesson 5--Putting it All Together NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson5.pdf
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