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This post was written by Paige Horton, student assistant in Special Collections and Archives.
Women and Wake Forest have quite the colorful history. In honor of Women's History Month we here at Special Collections dug around and found something very special for you: The Deans Record Group: Dean of Women (RG4.3), and Women's Government Association (RG4.31) Collections.
The collection itself is made up of minutes, correspondence, and subject files that feature staff, student committees, and societies. The University Archives is home to the administrative paperwork available in the finding aid, and the Women's Government Association handbooks can be found in the library catalog. Students can get a first-hand look at the Women's Government Association (WGA) handbooks which details all the guidelines women had to live by at Wake Forest.
The History of Wake Forest provides an interesting look into the admission of women. Women of junior and senior status were officially admitted into Wake Forest College in 1942. The College came to this decision based on the amount of students they could potentially have:
From the Baptist junior colleges, young women were graduating and were going to other institutions to complete their college work. Among them were not a few who could not find the work desired in Meredith College or in any other Baptist college for women, and on that account they were going in increasing numbers to the University of North Carolina and other institutions, where they could get the instruction they desired. With them often went their brothers and friends, who normally would attend Wake Forest. If Wake Forest College would admit them they would go there, since they desired to be in a Baptist college. Another consideration was that for the duration of the war the income from students' fees would be materially lessened by the drafting for the armed services of those who would be regularly among the students of the College, and that this loss might be reduced by the fees of the young women from the junior colleges who would not go to Meredith College in any event.
In 1943 a board member "presented a compromise which allowed women to enter Wake Forest in any class (previously they had been admitted only at the junior and senior levels); recognized university status for Wake Forest, giving it the right to develop as it thought best and committed the convention to greater support of Wake Forest through funding of development programs."
The admission of women to Wake Forest College, along with the end of the war, had some unforeseen complications. In spring 1946 the campus total came to 1,000 students. There wasn't enough space to house all the students but the college and the town worked together to "provide lodgings of some kind for everyone." Women stayed in Bostwick and Hunter dormitories, "even in the basements and attics."
The Women's Government Association and the Dean of Women were created in response to the acceptance of women. According to the 1964 handbook, "The WGA is you. The officers are elected by you and will represent you in all matters pertaining to the life of the women of Wake Forest College. The WGA is not merely a law-making organization, but a group created to help give a sense of unity to all the women of Wake Forest College. The WGA desires to help you, and in turn, needs your support to make your years here a success."
The WGA created a handbook instructing coeds on how they should conduct themselves while at Wake Forest. Some of the rules include:
Coeds could not ride in cars or airplanes without the written permission of their parents. They were forbidden to enter any man's room or apartment, and fraternity houses were strictly off limits. Women could not smoke on the streets, and they were not allowed to possess or use alcoholic beverages. Only Seniors were permitted to date every night of the week and, in that activity, were forbidden to go to the stadium, the athletic field, and certain dark areas of the grounds.
The handbooks have a variety of codes of conduct but here are some of the more interesting ones!
_PHONE_: Dating in parked cars during the evening is not permitted. A date is considered being in the company of a boy more than fifteen minutes.
Blue jeans are for picnics and hikes—not to be worn on campus or in the parlors except for unusual circumstances. Permission to wear jeans on the campus may be obtained from any member of the council.
Hose are worn when going to Raleigh.
_PHONE_: Bermuda shorts may be worn to the phone booths, drive-in movies, miniature golf course, through the small parlor when leaving or entering the dorm to and form a car, on picnics, swimming, in the recreation room, and to the Farmer's Dairy Bar. These rules apply except on Sundays. Bermudas may be worn on Sundays with raincoats or skirts.
_PHONE_: A student may not go to the phone or be in the parlor without wearing shoes.
During serenades girls are asked to dress adequately and to be as courteous and considerate as possible. They are also asked to refrain from making excess noise whether they attend the serenade or not.
_PHONE_: Second semester freshmen may go to the library any night, but must return to the dorm by 10:30. During this time she may go to the soda shop to get something, but may not sit down to eat it.
_PHONE_: It's a College rule that participation in or inciting a riot (and this includes panty raids) is subject to penalty.
You'll be considered on a date if you leave the dormitory with a boy after 7:30pm. However, you are permitted to go to the library or to one of the science laboratories with a boy without being considered on a date.
_PHONE_: You are asked to use good taste in what you wear both on and off campus. Sweat shirts and cut offs are discouraged! Slacks and shorts are not to be worn in administrative offices in Reynolda Hall, the Chapel, classes, or the Magnolia Room. Please do not wear slacks and shorts on the upper campus before two pm on Sundays.
_PHONE_: Wake Forest students are expected to recognize that marijuana, LSD, and other psychedelic drugs are illegal…The University's physicians, counselors, and chaplains are available to students who wish to discuss confidentially matters concerning drug use, subject to the legal limitations on confidential communication.
Naturally the inclusion of women on campus led to some unforeseen consequences. "Some of the campus hijinks over the years were coeducational in nature. The admission of women to Wake Forest had initiated an automatic rivalry which was sometimes friendly and on occasion somewhat sour."
Some of these issues were explored publicly. One girl wrote into the OG&B saying: "It seems as if one must look like Liz Taylor to get a date. Have you boys ever realized that you don't look like Clark Gable?…I believe that if given a chance the girls that aren't so beautiful would prove cute enough for your adorable personalities…give the Wake Forest coeds a chance." The newspaper received several responses from the male population in varying degrees of dissatisfaction. Winston-Salem also took notice to this 'rivalry'. In 1966 a reporter for the Winston-Salem Journal surveyed the girls at 8 colleges and universities and reported that they found Wake Forest men to be "rude, crude, and unacceptable" and "retarded mashers." "Since admissions standards for men were lower, women tended to be more ambitious and intelligent, and they found it difficult to locate a marriageable man on the campus," (History of Wake Forest IV, p.307-308).
Another aspect the collection provides interesting insight into is the creation and upkeep of the societies. The societies the collection offers information on includes the Fideles, Rigels, Petales, Les Soeurs, S.O.P.H., Thymes, Laurels, and Strings. "The societies themselves are primarily social in their function. They hope to offer the coed a broader scope of social living and at the same time to make some contribution to the life of the College and the community as well as to the lives of the society members."
The Student Affairs Committee held open-hearings in order to properly evaluate how the societies were functioningaround campus and this is what they found.
It appears that the societies are most important for the girls during their freshman and sophomore years: in other words, they apparently fill a need for entering girls as they orient themselves to ready-made identity groups and make minor loyalties and friendships within the larger loyalty to Wake Forest College. According to our findings, senior girls rank them at the lower side of the list of factors most important in their collegiate career. Apparently there is already operating an unconscious phasing-out of society-identity in the lives of some students who are most mature, more self-reliant, more scholarly. Therefore, we recognize the role of societies in this maturing process of the individual student and in their contribution to the loyalty to the academic community, but we think that for those girls who tend to outgrown them, we would encourage a procedure whereby their membership could relapse into an honorary status.
Overall The Deans Record Group, Dean of Women, and Women's Government Association Collections offer an exemplary and unique inside look at the social lives of women at Wake Forest College. To access the collection students can view the finding aid to get a brief overview or make an appointment with Special Collection to view the collections.


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Superconducting devices such as SQUIDS (Superconducting Quantum Interferometry Device) can perform ultra-sensitive measurements of magnetic fields. Leiden physicsts invented a method to 3D-print these and other superconducting devices in minutes.
'Fabricating superconducting devices on a computer chip is a multi-step and demanding procedure, requiring dedicated facilities', says Kaveh Lahabi, a physicist at Leiden Universty. 'It usually takes days to complete',
Lahabi and co-authors have developed a new approach, in which Josephson junctions, essential parts of SQUIDS, can be printed on almost any surface in mere minutes, within an electron microscope.
In this video, Lahabi and co-author Tycho Blom demonstrate their technique and discuss their recent article in ACS Nano.
ACS Nano Article ASAP
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Objectives: Complex diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), present dilemmas over choice of outcome measures. Using a battery of instruments to capture the impact of different impairments or activity limitations experienced does not provide assessment of the wider impact on quality of life (QoL). This paper describes the development and testing of a new instrument to measure QoL in systemic lupus erythematosus (L-QoL).
Methods: The development combines theoretical strengths of the needs-based QoL model with statistical and diagnostic powers of the Rasch model. Content was derived from in-depth interviews with relevant patients. Cognitive debriefing interviews assessed face and content validity. Rasch analysis was applied to data from an initial postal survey to remove misfitting items. A second postal survey assessed scaling properties, reliability, internal consistency and validity.
Results: A 55-item questionnaire was derived from interview transcripts. Cognitive debriefing confirmed acceptability. Rasch analysis of postal survey data (n = 95) removed misfitting items. A second postal survey (n = 93), produced a 25-item version with good item fit and stability, excellent test–retest reliability (0.92), internal consistency (0.92) and strict unidimensionality.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the L-QoL should prove a valuable instrument for assessing patient-based outcome in clinical trials and practice.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Competing interests: None.
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Calcium lignosulfonate* is just one in a series of non-traditional methods of increasing the plastic properties of clay. Developed in 1950s to increase the plasticity and green strength of brick,1 calcium lignosulfonate is now used in almost every type of ceramic manufacturing operation. When used in clay bodies, calcium lignosulfonate makes the water "wetter," allowing less water to be used to make the clay body more plastic. The additive contains a lignin-derived binder that mechanically takes the place of some water in the clay body, causing adhesion of the clay plates. This action reduces the risk of clay body defects, such as excessive shrinkage, warping and cracking during drying and firing.
The increase in plasticity is most noticeable in short or non-plastic clay bodies, such as Raku, sculpture, and jiggerand ram-pressed formulas. The additive can also be used in soda, salt, porcelain, low-fire and tile clay bodies.
Traditionally, ball clays and/or bentonites have been used to increase plasticity, but both types of clay need large amounts of water to make them plastic. Additionally, excessive amounts of ball clay can make the body feel gummy and soft when moist, causing problems in the forming stages. The moist clay body can also exhibit thixotropy or a "jello-like" quality when forms are pulled up on a pottery wheel. Calcium lignosulfonate can replace all or part of the ball clay/bentonite component in clay body formulas, giving potters greater flexibility to choose non-plastic clays in their formulas while also decreasing the total amount of water required.
Calcium lignosulfonate also substantially increases the green strength (e.g., pots that are formed but are not dry) and dry strength (e.g., pots that have been formed and dried) of clay bodies, reducing chipping and damage caused by handling the ware. Increasing the durability of unfired ware is especially crucial for large ceramic forms that must be moved around in the studio or loaded onto a kiln.
Because they contain barium carbonate, Types 1, 3 and 4 are only available in a liquid form that chemically links the barium to the polymeric structure of the lignosulfonate. This chemical linkage eliminates the hazards that are associated with dry barium powder. (Barium carbonate is toxic if ingested.)
All types of calcium lignosulfonate can be safely used in any clay body, including low-fire red clay bodies. While none of the different types of calcium lignosulfonate are toxic, normal handling precautions should be used when working with any form of the additive.
Every gallon of the liquid form of calcium lignosulfonate contains 5.3 lbs of water and 5.3 lbs of the additive. When using the liquid form, always base the amount of additive used on the dry component weight of the liquid. The additive can be used in clay bodies from 0.25 to 2% of the total dry weight of the clay body formula. In most throwing and handbuilding clay body formulas, an even lower amount can be used—as little as 1⁄16 to 1⁄8% will significantly improve the handling qualities of the clay. Additions of more than 5% will greatly increase green and dry strength, causing the clay to become extremely hard when dry—in some cases, the clay can even be dropped on the floor without breaking. Start by using 0.25%, then increase the amount of additive in 0.25% increments until the desired results are achieved.
Some ceramic suppliers have also begun using calcium lignosulfonate in their clay body formulas, making it even easier for potters to gain the benefits of the additive without having to worry about mix ratios. Ceramic Supply in Lodi, N.J., is just one such company that recently began using the additive in its moist HMI clay body formulas to increase customer satisfaction. "While the additive does add extra cost to the clay bodies, it dramatically increases the handling properties of the product," said Larry Sussberg, the company's owner.
While the extra expense may cause some potters to shy away from using additives, the costs can often be easily recovered through fewer defects and less waste if the right additives are used. One pot or sculpture saved through using an additive can be enough for the additive to pay for itself.
If you want to experiment on your own and are reasonably sure that an additive is the appropriate fix for the problem, start with the lowest amount possible. If no change occurs, try increasing the amount of additive in small increments until you achieve the results you are looking for. If the additive does not produce the anticipated results, you may be using an incorrect amount or the wrong additive for your formula, and more testing may be required.
Today's potters can choose from a variety of additives that are potent, reliable and consistent. Clay additives cannot make bad pots better or sculpture more beautiful, but they can give the potter a tool to solve specific production problems.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Mounting concern over bacterial contamination in many settings has led Ticona, the engineering polymers business of Celanese Corporation, to introduce Anti-Crobe Antimicrobial Polymers, a family of antimicrobial acetal copolymers (POM) that includes two injection molding grades and an extrusion grade. These polymers are targeted towards applications that demand high performance polymers in environments where heat, moisture and nutrients foster bacterial and fungal growth. Anti-Crobe POMs are suitable for many end uses, especially in hard-to-clean wet areas and where polyolefins cannot meet performance specifications. Their possible applications include food processing, storage and handling systems, industrial gears in wet environments, and elements in water treatment plants. Other potential uses include automotive heating and air conditioning systems, medical devices, appliances, spa and bathroom products, material handling systems, office products, sports equipment, and irrigation and other fluid-based systems.
Anti-Crobe Antimicrobial Polymers comply with FDA regulations for direct food contact, meet the NSF 61 Potable Water standard, and satisfy applicable EPA regulations. They are naturally white and can be tinted as needed. Evaluations of these grades found they greatly inhibit microbial proliferation compared to conventional acetal. They retain all traditional physical and mechanical properties associated with Hostaform and Celcon POMs. They also have excellent resistance to chemicals and dimensional stability, are inherently lubricious, and withstand continuous exposure to hot water at 82°C (180°F) (and intermittent exposure to water at 100°C (212°F) or more).


Problem Set 5
Assigned: Oct. 11
Due: Oct. 18
Consider the following Datalog knowledge base:
1. child(charles,elizabeth).
2. child(charles,philip).
3. child(anne,elizabeth).
4. child(anne,philip).
5. child(william,charles).
6. child(harry,charles).
7. female(elizabeth).
8. male(philip).
9. female(anne)
10. male(charles).
11. male(william).
12. male(harry).
13. child(X,Y) => parent(Y,X).
14. parent(X,Y) ^ male(X) => father(X,Y).
15. parent(X,Y) ^ female(X) => mother(X,Y).
15. child(X,Y) ^ female(X) => daughter(X,Y).
16. child(X,Y) => descendant(X,Y)
17. child(X,Y) ^ descendant(Y,Z) => descendant(X,Z).
Problem 1
What new facts can be inferred using forward chaining? (You should explain how facts are combined with the rules to get new facts; e.g.
Combining rule 13 with fact 1 under the substitution X=charles Y=elizabeth gives the new fact
18. parent(elizabeth,charles).
You should not trace through the algorithms given in pseudo-code in the class notes.)
Problem 2
Show how backward chaining can be used to prove the goals:
(A) father(Q,charles).
(B) descendant(harry,philip).
You should trace paths that do not lead to a solution as well as those that do. Assume that backward chaining is executed in Prolog order; that is, subgoals are satisfied in sequence from left to right in depth-first order; rules are considered in the order they are listed above. You should show how subgoals are created from goals and rules but you need not trace the detailed algorithms. For example, given the goal "daughter(X,elizabeth)" your answer would have the following form:
Goal G0: daughter(X,elizabeth) matches rule 15 creating two subgoals:
 Goals G1: child(X,elizabeth) and G2: female(X).
 Goal G1: child(X,elizabeth) matches fact 1 under binding X=charles. Succeeds
 Goal G2: female(charles) fails. Return to G1.
 Goal G1: child(X,elizabeth) matches fact 3 under binding X=anne. Succeeds
 Goal G2: female(anne) matches fact 9. Succeeds
Goal G0 succeeds with X=anne.


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(From Latin "neuter" - neutral, Greek "sophia" - skill/wisdom) A branch of philosophy, introduced by Florentin Smarandache in 1980, which studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra.
Neutrosophy considers a proposition, theory, event, concept, or entity, "A" in relation to its opposite, "Anti-A" and that which is not A, "Non-A", and that which is neither "A" nor "Anti-A", denoted by "Neut-A". Neutrosophy is the basis of neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic set, and neutrosophic statistics.
["Neutrosophy / Neutrosophic Probability, Set, and Logic", Florentin Smarandache, American Research Press, 1998].
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Nearby terms: neutrosophic probability « neutrosophic set « neutrosophic statistics « Neutrosophy » Never Offline » newbie » New Flavors


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Child sponsorship funds are used to run long-term development projects called Area Development Programs (ADPs). As a model of community development, ADPs link villages that work together in regional clusters to help address the root causes of poverty.
ADPs are child-focused, sustainable development programs for between 15,000 to 100,000 people, divided into smaller community clusters. Generally, World Vision works with communities through ADPs for 10 to 15 years.
Facilitators, who are usually from the region, are trained to build relationships, help the community to identify needs and possible solutions, provide training to local leaders and encourage networking among civil society and government groups.


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information (e.g., the shipper may not know of the time of delivery).
As discussed above, the traditional approach to transaction management can lead to many challenges for a transaction between one shipper and one carrier. Typically, however, there are multiple carriers and shippers involved in multiple transactions, as well as other parties to a transaction between a shipper and carrier, which makes the situation more complex and correspondingly slow and inefficient. The transaction process is manually intensive in that it relies on transaction documents (such as a hard copy of a BOL) for proof of delivery and payment, resulting in a series of repetitive and time consuming steps. Also, in the instance of BOL documents, each BOL is often rated multiple times by multiple parties creating excessive redundancy.
Traditional shipment transaction systems are also highly susceptible to billing errors and fraud. For example, there is often no connection between the delivery of goods and the billing of the shipper for delivery. This may result in double billing, no billing at all, or over-billing for freight delivery charges. Also, an auditing error may occur which results in incorrect billing or payment. In addition, the carrier waits a disproportionately long time for payment while the invoice is being audited and/or disputed. For example, traditionally, a delivery takes about five days whereas payment takes about thirty days. This unnecessary delay adversely affects the carrier's working capital resources.
Additional costs arise as a result of the existing inefficiencies. Many of the costs are individually small, but very large in the aggregate. For example, the carrier incurs administrative costs including: the cost to create and deliver the initial invoice, costs of resolving billing disputes, costs of providing a signed copy of the BOL to the shipper, costs related to timing delays of the shipment and costs of posting accounts receivable. The shipper incurs similar administrative costs.
Another disadvantage of traditional shipment transaction systems is that they have a tendency to strain relationships. Because carriers and shippers do not always have an effective way to communicate about the shipment, business partnerships can be strained when there are disputes. For instance, it is sometimes difficult for a shipper to obtain information that can be used to evaluate the carrier's performance for a particular transaction or over a multitude of transactions, with the shipper and/or with other shippers. In addition, inaccuracies in either the shipment or invoice process create unnecessary tension along the entire supply chain for both shippers and carriers.
An additional disadvantage of traditional shipment transaction systems involves the inability to obtain immediate information regarding a shipment. Since the process is largely conducted manually, it is very difficult to track a shipment. To learn of the status of shipment or payment, there are various manual steps involved. For example, if the shipper wants to know if the carrier delivered the goods and if the payment has been made, the shipper must call the carrier and the appropriate financial institution. As another example, if the shipper wants to know how long it took the carrier to deliver the goods, it may need to contact the receiver or the carrier to obtain that information, which is often not readily available.
In some instances, carriers have offered Internet access to their shipment information. Shippers can access transaction information via the Internet to determine, for example, the status of a shipment. However, when a shipper is using multiple carriers, multiple accesses may need to be made in order to obtain information about different transactions. In addition, multiple shipments with a single carrier often require that the shipper access each shipment transaction separately. These approaches are unduly time consuming.
Still another challenge to the transaction process is related to the disparate reference and tracking numbers used by different parties to a transaction. For instance, a shipper's reference number is typically not compatible to a carrier's reference number for the same transaction. The carrier typically maintains the shipment data, so the shipper must use the carrier's reference number in order to access the data.
The above and other difficulties have been challenging to the management and tracking of business transactions, and particularly to shipping transactions.
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned challenges and others that are related to the types of approaches and implementations discussed above and in other applications. The present invention is exemplified in a number of implementations and applications, some of which are summarized below.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, transaction-related timing characteristics are used in the auditing of a particular transaction. Data regarding transaction events is stored and used together with the receipt of information regarding specified events to store data indicative of an elapsed time for the transaction events. The stored transaction event data and elapsed time data are used to provide information that corresponds to the status of the transaction. With this approach, timing characteristics of business transactions can automatically be used to evaluate or otherwise audit characteristics of a transaction, facilitating the transaction process including completion and payment thereof.
In another example embodiment of the present invention, a transaction auditing system for a business transaction involving at least two remotely-situated parties includes a central processing arrangement adapted to use transaction event data to audit transactions. Aspects of the business transaction including specified events that would occur at different times are stored, with information indicative of a status of the transaction being provided. Confirmation of at least two of the specified events is received from different remotely-situated parties and data indicative of the time elapsed between the specified events is recorded. The central processing arrangement uses the stored aspects and the recorded data to provide information corresponding to the status of a business transaction between the at least two parties.
According to another example embodiment of the present invention, a transaction auditing system for a business transaction includes a data storage arrangement and a central processing arrangement for auditing transactions. The data storage arrangement stores user profile information including party-identifying information for parties to a business transaction as well as aspects of business transactions including specified events that would occur at different times. This and other stored information provides information indicative of a status of the transaction.
The central processing arrangement is coupled to the data storage arrangement and is adapted to receive event data for specified events from remotely-situated parties. The event data includes a timing-related characteristic and information for associating the specified event with a common business transaction. The central processing arrangement further automatically associates the received event data for the specified events with a particular common business transaction and with at least one of the parties as a function of the confirmation data and the user profile information. Using the received confirmation data, the central processing arrangement determines an elapsed time between the specified events and automatically audits the particular common transaction as a function of the elapsed time.
In another example embodiment of the present invention, a transaction system is adapted for operating in an environment of multiple parties to a transaction to process transaction information related to a transaction between the parties. The transaction system includes a terminal adapted to accept transaction information at a first party's premises and to generate a set of common transaction information in response to the accepted transaction information. The set of common transaction information includes a code to identify a second party to the transaction, a code to identify the first party to the transaction, information associated with the transaction and the time at which the transaction is initiated. A central transaction processor stores authorized profile list criterion including information about authorized users and determines whether the accepted transaction information satisfies the authorized profile list criterion. Another terminal informs the central transaction processor of satisfaction of the transaction with data including a transaction completion date and time by the second party. The central transaction processor uses the set of common transaction information and the authorized profile list criterion to audit the transaction and payment thereof.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and detailed description that follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not necessarily to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The present invention is believed to be applicable to a variety of different types of business approaches and interactions, and has been found to be particularly useful for applications involving the processing of business transactions and timing-related aspects thereof. While the present invention is not necessarily limited to such approaches, various aspects of the invention may be appreciated through a discussion of various examples using these and other contexts.
According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a business transaction is processed and managed using an approach that facilitates the tracking of timing-related characteristics for transaction events. A transaction processor is adapted to process information relating to a transaction event in order to identify timing characteristics of the transaction event. The identified timing characteristics are used in connection with profile characteristics of parties to the transaction (and to which the transaction event relates) to generate an output that relates the timing characteristics to parties to the transaction. With this approach, a multitude of transaction-processing timing information is made available and can be used for a variety of purposes.
In one implementation, the profile characteristics for each party include identification and preference information for the party. The transaction processor uses the party identification information when receiving information indicative of a transaction event in order to determine which parties are associated with the transaction event. For example, when a transaction event such as a payment, invoicing, shipping and/or receiving event is recorded, information for the recorded event includes identification for at least one of the involved parties. The transaction processor uses the party identification to determine which party or parties relate to the transaction event.
In another implementation wherein the profile characteristics for each party include identification and preference information for the party, the transaction processor is further adapted to correlate transactions with party identifications using, for


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Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) is a signaling method used in telecommunications and voice communication systems to send commands or signals through the voice channel over a telephone or similar communication device. DTMF allows users to transmit data by pressing combinations of two simultaneously generated tones, one from a high-frequency group and another from a low-frequency group, hence the term "dual-tone."
DTMF signaling is primarily used for various purposes, including:
- Telephone Keypad Input: DTMF is perhaps most commonly recognized as the technology behind telephone keypads. When you press a number on your telephone keypad (e.g., when dialing a phone number or entering menu options during a call), the keypad generates two specific DTMF tones that correspond to that digit. These tones are then transmitted over the phone line to be interpreted by the receiving end.
- Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Systems: Many automated telephone systems, such as customer service menus, use DTMF tones to allow users to navigate menus and select options by pressing keys on their phones.
- Remote Control Systems: DTMF is used in remote control systems, like those used to open gates, control home automation systems, or operate certain kinds of machinery remotely.
- Security Systems: Alarm systems and security systems often use DTMF to communicate status information or allow users to arm or disarm the system using a phone.
- Voicemail Retrieval: DTMF tones are used to access and navigate voicemail systems. For example, you might press specific keys to listen to voicemail messages, delete them, or save them.
- DTMF is based on a matrix of tones, where each row corresponds to a high-frequency group and each column corresponds to a low-frequency group. By pressing a key on a telephone keypad, you generate a specific combination of one tone from each group. For example, pressing the "1" key generates a tone composed of a low-frequency "697 Hz" and a high-frequency "1209 Hz" tone.
- These tones are transmitted as audio signals over the telephone line and can be detected and decoded by equipment on the receiving end, such as IVR systems or telephone switches, to perform the intended action associated with the pressed key. DTMF signaling is widely used and remains an essential part of voice communication systems and various telephony applications.


To answer the question, Year 2 designed and made their own parachute in their group of 4. They had to make sure it was going to be a fair test – which means only one thing can be changed – everything else must stay the same. In this case, we changed the size of the parachutes.
Once our parachutes were made, we tested them from the Year 6 balcony. We found out that larger parachutes fall to the ground slower than smaller parachutes!
Take a look at one group below!
Watch the YouTube video below to learn more about parachutes and how they work.
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What did you enjoy about the parachute experiment?
What did you learn from the experiment?
About Miss Ashley Azzopardi
10 Responses to Parachutes!
 1. R.K says:
 dear year two
 i really liked how the little parachute went fast and i like how the big parachute went slow.
 2. D.I says:
 Dear Year Two,
 I learnt that the big parachute came down second because it has a bigger area.
 If the parachute has a larger area, more air puses up the bigger area of the parachute and keeps it in the air for a longer time. Both the small and the big parachute slowed down the pulling force of gravity, but the bigger one slowed it down for a longer time.
 Kind Regards,
 - Dear D.I,
 You are right! The bigger parachute came down slower than the smaller parachute because more air was pushing up on the larger area and gravity pulled both of the parachutes down.
 Kind regards,
 Miss Azzopardi
 3. S.L says:
 Dear year two,
 I have learnt that the large parachute is the slowest parachute of the force.
 Also I have learnt that the smallest parachute went the fastest.
 Kind regards
 4. N.S says:
 Dear year two,
 I have learnt that the large parachute is the slowest because there's more air.
 It was very fun!
 Kind regards
 5. S.L says:
 Dear year two,
 It was fun when we dropped those parachutes!Did you know I was extreme dizzy!
 6. D.K says:
 Dear year two,
 It was fun drooping the parachutes!!
 Kind regards D.K
 7. D.K says:
 Dear year two,
 Lernt that the bigger parachutes went down slower when we dropped them
 Kind regards D.K
 8. A.B says:
 Dear Year Two,
 I enjoyed making the parachute. I loved dropping the parachuts from the year 6 railing.It was a really fun day! I learnt how parachuts fly.I also learnt that the larger parachute was slower because it had more air.
 Kind Reguardes
 9. Raphael says:
 Dear year two fantastic experimenting with a little parachute and a big one. Hope everyone does more experimenting in the future.
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5 reasons why your pores look HUGE
Published on:30 April 2021, 14:52pm IST
To understand how you can treat enlarged pores, it is necessary to understand what they are and the various causes behind them. Read on to know more.
Aayushi Gupta
Enlarged pores can make your skin look aged and unhealthy. Image courtesy: Shutterstock
Listen to this article
If you have naturally oily skin, it's highly likely that you will have enlarged pores. This is because when there's excess production of oil, dead skin cells and dirt gets trapped in your skin, which causes pores to grow in size.
Unfortunately, enlarged pores are pretty common and can make your skin look dull and unhealthy. It may even make you look older than you are! In certain cases, it could also trigger severe acne.
But why does this happen? Let's find out:
Here are the primary reasons for enlarged pores on your face:
1. It could be genetic
Genetics play a vital role in determining pore size, so if your parents have enlarged pores, there's a high chance you will have them too. Genes can cause your skin pores to grow in size, and open up around your cheeks, forehead, and nose.
Your genes might be responsible for larger pires on your face. Image courtesy: Shutterstock
Along with this, if you don't take proper care of your skin, it can cause dead skin build-up and stretch out your pores.
2. Increased sebum production
The main cause of enlarged pores is excessive sebum production. Each pore contains a sebaceous (oil) gland that secretes sebum. And when sebaceous glands produce excess oil, it leads to oily skin. Although sebum acts as a natural moisturiser for the skin; excess production is a big problem. Now you know the reason behind enlarged pores!
Also, Read: These 7 home remedies will help you shrink those enlarged pores naturally
3. Loss of skin elasticity with age
Ageing is inevitable, isn't it? As you grow older, your skin loses its elasticity, which can cause your pores to look bigger than usual. It also makes your skin look stretched and saggy. Enlarged pores are a natural part of the ageing process, as collagen production in the skin starts reducing, making skin less firm.
Tip: Vitamin C is an antioxidant that can boost collagen production, in order to prevent enlarged pores.
Enlarged pores are sometimes depressions in the facial skin surface. Image courtesy: Shutterstock
4. Sun damage
Humid climate and increased sun exposure can reduce collagen in your skin, causing wrinkles and large pores. Collagen production is important, because it keeps your skin firm and healthy. Further, sun damage can trigger sagging around the edges, thereby reducing the water levels in the skin.
5. Large hair follicles
Every hair has a follicle, and every hair follicle is positioned under a pore. Pores are basically the opening of hair follicles. When hair follicles are large, your pores will also be large!
But you can shrink those pores by following these tips:
 - Wash your face regularly;
 - Exfoliate your face twice a week;
 - Moisturise twice a day;
 - Use sunscreen every day;
 - Use a make-up primer to conceal pores;
 - Get frequent facials.
Most importantly, make sure you are gentle, while handing your skin.
Aayushi Gupta Aayushi Gupta


Trial in the Age of Zoom, Part 2: Practical Advice
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Trial in the Age of Zoom, Part 2: Practical Advice
| Mar 29, 2021 | Firm News
Written by William A. Earnhart
Continued from Trial in the Age of Zoom, Part 1: Initial Observations
The first two weeks of January 2021, my team and I were consumed with a trial that was conducted exclusively remote, via Zoom. Being as it was the first full civil trial in Alaska via Zoom, the learning curve was fast and the observations and advice came throughout trial.
First, before trial be sure to test out your system while on Zoom with the court. Zoom is essential a platform to broadcast from your computer and adds an extra layer of transmission. This means your transmission is not only controlled by bandwidth, but also by the amount of data being sent by your computer into Zoom.
We found that to run video deposition clips we needed to have a computer dedicated solely to share screen. To run Trial Director from the same computer as you are using for participation slowed the presentation to the point that the video chunked and the audio was undecipherable. As noted above, we fought hard top have Plaintiff to appear live in the courtroom. We felt that Plaintiff's credibility was a key aspect of our defense case. Being able to use deposition clips effectively was absolutely essential to our defense, and was arguably the most effective tool we used.
Although a number of venues are requiring all exhibits be forwarded to witnesses in advance, our court allowed the parties to handle exhibits exclusively by Sharesceen. Although a party can easily recognize a signature or a short document online, this only worked for multi-page exhibits because authenticity had been stipulated. On the other hand, there was no disputing the court, the witness, and all parties were looking at the same image.
Second, practice "share screen" and preferably have an assistant solely dedicated to exhibit presentation planning ahead. The problem with share screen is in the heat of trial you need to ensure you are showcasing the correct item from the correct screen (and not something unintended.) Opposing counsel mostly handled each exhibit themselves as the questioning attorney. Sometimes this was effective, but more often than not it was a tediously slow process, and on a number of occasions led to the wrong item on the screen. In one case, an exhibit was removed and an online chat with an expert was left for all to see for about 30 seconds before the problem was noted and pointed out.
Keep in mind share screen takes seconds to load and can be even slower with large files such as multi page exhibits or imaging. Having the exhibit uploaded can help keep the trial moving, and more importantly help you keep in rhythm. With Zoom there no need to "approach" the witness. This can make the time used to upload exhibits appear as an extended delay, so the faster you can get an exhibit accurately on the screen is to your benefit.
One of the advantages to having sharescreen capabilities and internet access was the ability to pull up live websites on the fly and share content with all participants simultaneously. This was useful in our situation, as the live pull-up largely circumvented the need for authentication.
As a bench trial, no side bars were required and exhibits that had not been admitted were freely displayed prior to objections. There are controls on Zoom that allow the judge to control the share screen and to have side bars, however these require the judge to be agile in managing the features while thoughtfully controlling and monitoring the trial. We also learned that hitting mute after the gavel is not always effective for either attorneys, and to at least one witness. Trial was also delayed on several instances when opposing counsel left two microphones open in one room. There is no way to immediately identify which participant is the cause of the feedback.
Continued with Trial in the Age of Zoom, Part 3: Using Exhibits with Zoom
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Black bears devour 20,000 calories per day this time of year, building up their body fat to survive through the winter in their dens.
Birds, too, must eat a lot during cold months to survive from day to day.
And both very different wildlife species, the big and the small, will feast on bird seed if it is out and available.
Birds: A traveling exhibit, "Birds in Art," is on display through Oct. 28 in the main gallery of the Loveland Museum/Gallery, 503 N. Lincoln Ave, during regular hours. Cost $5.
Bears: Local author Laura Pritchett will offer true bear stories from Colorado, including tales of grizzlies and black bears, 10-11 a.m. Oct. 26, at the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Administrative Office, 1800 S. County Road 31, Loveland. Program is free, but participants mush register ahead at larimer.org/naturalresources/registration/index.cfm
Bird lovers in the area create backyard habitats to support and attract their feathered friends -- a key element to helping birds live through Colorado's cold winter months.
But Colorado Parks and Wildlife officials, knowing how hungry bears will go after seed and nectar, urge residents to wait until after the first snow, when bears are inactive for the winter, or to at least take steps to prevent bears feasting in backyards.
More than 80 percent of human-bear conflicts can be traced back to a bear's first encounter with a bird feeder -- easily recognizable and reachable to the bear, according to Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Seven pounds of bird seed contain 12,180 calories, or more than half of what a 100- to 400-pound bear must consume per day in October and early November, according to the Parks and Wildlife website.
What does that mean for bird lovers?
While Parks and Wildlife recommends feeding birds only during the months bears are inactive, mid-November through March, there are ways to reduce potential conflicts:
Bring feeders in every night before sundown.
Hang feeders out of reach of bears, which means at least 10 feet off the ground and 10 feet from anything a bear can climb.
Keep the area underneath feeders clear of hull and debris.
Make sure the rest of your home is bear-proofed as well.
Many different bird species winter or live year round in Colorado and Larimer County, including woodpeckers, robins, chickadees, nuthatches and many, many more.
Like bears, these critters need to eat a lot every day to make it through the winter.
A bird can lose up to 10 percent of its body weight per night during the winter, said Lauren DeRosa, owner of Wild Birds Unlimited in Fort Collins. Black oil sunflower seeds are high in fat as are different kinds of suet available to feed birds in the winter, she said.
And though it may seem crazy to humans, birds love and need outdoor baths in the winter. Splashing in the water and cleaning their feathers helps insulate birds, DeRosa said.
Therefore, she recommends adding a heater to existing bird baths or replacing them with a heated model to keep the bird's bath water from turning to ice.
"Food, water and shelter are the main things for winter," DeRosa said.
What kind of shelter?
Roosting houses with entrances on the bottom offer birds some warmth and protection from predators and the elements. Roosts have dowels near the top --where heat rises to -- for birds to perch upon, becoming a warm, dry haven.
Another boost for birds is leaving some piles of leaves and debris in your backyard, offering a place to hide from predators and some warm shelter.
Pamela Dickman can be reached at _PHONE_, ext. 526, or _EMAIL_. Follow her on Twitter: _USER_.


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d = ['X + Y = Z', 'X <=Y']
p = [{'Y': 1, 'X': 0, 'Z': 0}, {'Y': 1, 'X': 0, 'Z': 3}, {'Y': 1, 'X': 0, 'Z': 6}, {'Y': 1, 'X': 0, 'Z': 9}, {'Y': 1, 'X': 1, 'Z': 0}, {'Y': 1, 'X': 1, 'Z': 3}]
I need to create create some structure which would store List of expressions, where variables are changed.
I need to know: X, Y, Z current values expressions with changed letters to integers
and it has to be for each dict of values
The problem is to see for what X,Y,Z, all expressions are True
share|improve this question
possible duplicate of Evaluating mathematical expressions in Python – outis Dec 17 '11 at 19:35
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1 Answer
According the expressions are made by you (so you can trust them), a simple solution is to use eval() like this :
correct_values = []
for value in p:
 _TAG_ eval(d[0], value) and eval(d[1], value): # basic version
 if all(eval(exp, value) for exp in d): # ehanced version thanks to _USER_
but you'll have to correct the expression X + Y = Z is not valid python, X + Y == Z is a valid python expression.
But with the values you gave in example, nothing is matching :(
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I know eval and i am going to use that.There could be more than 2 expressions so your approach isn't good i think :( And I pasted just several values :) – matiit Dec 17 '11 at 19:39
It's easy to generalize to more than two: if all(eval(exp, value) for exp in d): – Ismail Badawi Dec 17 '11 at 19:46
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text:
obic fungi in vitro using either untreated or NaOH treated barley straw.
Anaerobic fungi were isolated from the rumen of a sheep fed with a diet of hay and lucerne pellets using medium C based on that described by Davies et al. (1993) and as modified by Rezaeian (1996). The Isolates were inoculated into two series of culture media containing either sodium hydroxide treated (TS) or untreated milled straw (US). Five replicate cultures were prepared and incubated at 39 °C over a period of 12 days. The dry matter loss of the substrates and changes in pH of the medium cultures were measured.
We present simultaneous two-dimensional velocity and scalar measurements on a central vertical plane in an axisymmetric pure turbulent plume. We use an edge-detection algorithm to determine the edge of the plume, and compare the data obtained in both a fixed Eulerian frame and a frame relative to local coordinates defined in terms of the instantaneous plume edge. In an Eulerian frame we observe that the time-averaged distributions of vertical and horizontal velocity are self-similar, the vertical velocity being well represented by a Gaussian distribution. We condition these measurements on whether fluid is inside or outside of the plume, and whether fluid inside is mixed plume fluid or engulfed ambient fluid. We find that, on average, 5 % of the total vertical volume transport occurs outside the plume and this figure rises to nearly 14 % at heights between large-scale coherent structures. We show that the fluxes of engulfed fluid within the plume envelope are slightly larger than the vertical transport outside the plume – indicating that ambient fluid is engulfed into the plume envelope before being nibbled across the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) and then ultimately irreversibly mixed. Our new measurements in the plume coordinate (following the meandering fluctuating plume) show the flow within the plume and in the nearby ambient fluid is strongly influenced by whether an eddy is present locally within the plume, or absent. When an eddy is present and the plume is wide, the vertical velocities near the plume edge are small and hence all vertical transport is inside the plume. In regions where the plume is narrow and there is no eddy, large vertical velocities and hence transport are observed outside the plume suggesting that pressure forces associated with the eddies accelerate ambient fluid which is then engulfed into the plume. Finally, we show that observing significant vertical velocities beyond the scalar edge of the plume does not suggest that the characteristic width of the velocity distribution is greater than that of the scalar field; on the contrary, we show our observations to be consistent with a buoyancy distribution that is up to 20 % wider than that of the velocity. Measurements in the plume coordinates show that the mixing of momentum across the plume results in a distribution for which the differential entropy is close to maximal and the mixing of momentum is uninhibited (i.e. not bounded) by the TNTI of the plume. Furthermore, our measurements suggest that the scalar mixing across the plume may also result in a distribution for which the differential entropy is close to maximal but, in contrast to the momentum, the scalar mixing is strictly bounded by the plume edge.
We present results from our ongoing monitoring programs aimed at identifying and understanding Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in extreme flux and spectral states. Observations of AGN in extreme states can reveal the nature of the inner accretion flow, the physics of matter under strong gravity, and they provide insight on the properties of ionized absorbers and outflows launched near supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We present new results from our long-term monitoring of IC 3599, WPVS007, and Mrk 335, multi-wavelength follow-ups of the newly identified changing-look AGN HE 1136–2304, and UV–X-ray follow-ups of the binary SMBH candidate OJ 287 after its 2015 optical maximum, now in a new optical-X-ray–high-state.
Endeavours to control urogenital schistosomiasis on Unguja Island (Zanzibar) have focused on school-aged children. To assess the impact of an associated health education campaign, the supervised use of the comic-strip medical booklet Juma na Kichocho by Class V pupils attending eighteen primary schools was investigated. A validated knowledge and attitudes questionnaire was completed at baseline and repeated one year later following the regular use of the booklet during the calendar year. A scoring system (ranging from 0.0 to 5.0) measured children's understandings of schistosomiasis and malaria, with the latter being a neutral comparator against specific changes for schistosomiasis. In 2006, the average score from 751 children (328 boys and 423 girls) was 2.39 for schistosomiasis and 3.03 for malaria. One year later, the score was 2.43 for schistosomiasis and 2.70 for malaria from 779 children (351 boys and 428 girls). As might be expected, knowledge and attitudes scores for schistosomiasis increased (+0.05), but not as much as originally hoped, while the score for malaria decreased (−0.33). According to a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, neither change was statistically significant. Analysis also revealed that 75% of school children misunderstood the importance of reinfection after treatment with praziquantel. These results are disappointing. They demonstrate that it is mistaken to assume that knowledge conveyed in child-friendly booklets will necessarily be interpreted, and acted upon, in the way intended. If long-term sustained behavioural change is to be achieved, health education materials need to engage more closely with local understandings and responses to urogenital schistosomiasis. This, in turn, needs to be part of the development of a more holistic, biosocial approach to the control of schistosomiasis.
Top-down biomedical interventions to control schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa have had limited success, primarily because they fail to engage with the social, political, economic and ecological contexts in which they are delivered. Despite the call to foster community engagement and to adapt interventions to local circumstances, programmes have rarely embraced such an approach. This article outlines a community co-designed process, based upon Human-Centered Design, to demonstrate how this approach works in practice. It is based on initial work undertaken by social science researchers, public health practitioners and community members from the Zanzibar Islands, Tanzania, between November 2011 and December 2013. During the process, 32 community members participated in a qualitative and quantitative data-driven workshop where they interpreted data on local infections from S. haematobium and co-designed interventions with the assistance of a facilitator trained in the social sciences. These interventions included the implementation of novel school-based education and training, the identification of relevant safe play activities and events at local schools, the installation of community-designed urinals for boys and girls and the installation of community-designed laundry-washing platforms to reduce exposure to cercariae-contaminated fresh water. It is suggested that the a community co-designed process, drawing from Human-Centered Design principles and techniques, enables the development of more sustainable and effective interventions for the control of schistosomiasis.
We report on version 1.0 of the Edinburgh/AAO/Strasbourg catalogue of new and possible Planetary Nebulae (PN) distributed via cdrom at this meeting. We provide accurate positions, designations, images and other descriptive parameters for the PN. In future releases this will be supplemented by inclusion of spectra and related material such as line ratios, velocities etc.
The 900+ PN have been discovered solely from visual scrutiny of narrow-band exposures taken for the AAO/UKST H-alpha survey of the Southern Galactic Plane. Most have classic PN-type morphologies (i.e. bi-polar, rings, shells or ovals). SuperCOSMOS data will soon supersede our visual scanning but it proved an effective preliminary technique to identify candidate PN on the basis of morphology, isolation and identification as an H-alpha nebulosity. We already have confirmatory spectroscopy for ~ 700 objects. Much of our new sample are of very low surface brightness, with no obvious central star, and so have remained undetected in previous surveys. They are revealed here due to the excellent depth, resolution, coverage and uniformity of the H-alpha survey. Many PN are also well extended. The average angular size is 51″ with the median of 27″ but examples extend to several arcminutes. This may indicate many are in a highly evolved state where the central star has faded from easy optical detection and the nebula itself is dissipating into the ambient ISM. Large numbers of candidate PN have also been found in the Galactic Bulge region, most of which have been confirmed via UKST FLAIR/6dF MOS spectroscopy (Parker et al, in preparation and these proceedings).
By version 2.0 (release in 2002) we will have doubled the number of Galactic PN accrued from all sources over the last 75 years. This new catalogue should have a profound impact on many aspects of PN research.
We report on an unprecedented source of Planetary Nebulae (PN) discovered from AAO/UKST Hα survey images of the Southern Galactic Plane. A pristine region of PN discovery space is being sampled due to the excellent depth, coverage, resolution and uniformity of the Hα survey. Large numbers of new PN are being found (~1000 so far).


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Atomic clocks are the most accurate time keeping devices in existence, and use the oscillation of atoms stimulated by an electromagnetic field as a frequency standard for keeping time. There are various types of atomic clock, the most common being Caesium Clocks and Rubidium Clocks, and they are most commonly found in research facilities. Atomic Clocks are utilised as the primary standard for time distribution services worldwide. Most commercially available atomic clock time synchronisation systems use a radio or GPS time broadcast which is connected to a precise time reference.
Here we discuss atomic clock applications in relation to time synchronisation of PC's and computer networks using NTP server systems, covering:
- GPS Atomic Clocks
- Radio Atomic Clocks
- MSF 60
- Time Synchronisation of PC's
- Time Synchronisation of Computer Networks
GPS Atomic Clocks
The Global Positioning System, more commonly known as GPS, began as a US military application with the purpose of attaining highly accurate positioning information for global navigation. Operating via 24 satellites that orbit the Earth, each individual satellite is equip with a highly accurate atomic clock, synchronised to Coordinated Universal Time, UTC time. The satellites supply a constant stream of time and positioning information which can be received anywhere in the world using a GPS antenna and receiver, demonstrating it's global application. Additionally, there are no set up or subscription fees in utilising the GPS system or the information it provides. GPS is considered to be one of the better external reference clocks available, providing a higher degree of accuracy than it's radio alternative, resulting in the GPS system being referenced by computer timing systems and NTP Server systems worldwide.
Radio Atomic Clocks
Radio time broadcasts transmit precise time information from a radio transmitter. The broadcasts are copied from an atomic clock time reference and can be obtained with the use of a relatively low-cost radio receiver. There are numerous radio time broadcasts worldwide, however geographical location can influence signal strength and consistency.
MSF-60 Time Signal
The MSF 60 radio broadcast is a UK transmission which began in the 1950′s and was first transmitted from Rugby, Warwickshire. Due to it's location it was more commonly known as the 'Rugby Time Signal' or 'Rugby Clock'. In 2007 the transmission was moved to Anthorn, Cumbria, and serves the whole of the British Isles and parts of North-Western Europe. Operating on a frequency of 60kHz the MSF 60 signal is a long-wave radio time broadcast controlled by caesium atomic clocks located at the National Physics Laboratory (NPL). The signal can be decoded by a range of radio-controlled clocks and can act as a very accurate time reference for NTP time servers, reference clocks and other computer timing devices.
DCF-77 Time Signal
DCF-77 is a German long-wave radio time signal broadcast, transmitted at 77.5kHz. Unlike the UK which operates a lone transmitter, Germany runs two transmitters which operate as a primary and a back up transmitter and both broadcast from Mainflingen near Frankfurt. The DCF-77 signal began on 1 January 1959 and is generated from local atomic clocks that are linked to Master Clocks located at the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany's National Physics Laboratory. Maintained by Media Broadcast GmBH, the DCF-77 signal covers a large area of Europe and can be utilised as a precise time reference for timing equipment.
WWVB Time Signal
Transmitted from Fort Collins in Colorado, WWVB is the US radio time broadcast and is transmitted at 60kHz. The transmission began in 1962, and is maintained by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, (NIST). While most broadcasts signal the local time of the broadcasting nation, the WWVB signal broadcasts time in UTC time, Coordinated Universal Time. The reason being the US broadcast covers multiple time zones, so offsets for time zones have to be applied as needed.
Time Synchronisation of PC's
Accurate computer time has become an increasingly important feature of commercial computer applications. The synchronisation of computers to accurate time can be attained by combining a GPS or Radio timing receiver with a RS232 or USB interface. With the installation of software drivers on the host computer, it is possible for the PC to acquire accurate time to synchronisation its internal system time. Generally the host computer's system time can be synchronised to within a few microseconds of the correct time, and popular operating systems such as Microsoft Windows 2000, 2003, XP, LINUX, UNIX and Novell can be synchronised.
Time Synchronisation of Computer Networks
Network Time Protocol, more commonly referred to as NTP, is a computer standard developed to distribute accurate time to computers and computer networks. NTP is a client-server based protocol utilised for computer time synchronisation throughout the Internet and local networks. NTP was originally developed by Dr David Mills, of the University of Delaware, who acknowledged the need to provide a standard means of synchronising time across the Internet. Stratum 1 NTP servers reference an external reference clock, such as GPS or radio time and frequency broadcasts in order to synchronise it's system time. This accurate time stamp can then be distributed by the NTP server to network time clients over an IP network. NTP is organized in hierarchical form; primary servers known as Stratum 1, secondary servers (Stratum 2) and time clients. The accuracy of NTP server systems can be to within a few microseconds of precise time resulting in the NTP time clients being able to synchronise to within a few milliseconds of a NTP server.
Andrew Everett specialises in the continued development of accurate time synchronisation equipment for computers and computer networks, encompassing GPS clocks and NTP Time Servers. Andrew contributes to the development on dedicated time servers, NTP synchronised clock applications and atomic clock synchronisation.


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This is similar to playing a sport whereby if you have no understanding of the rules your opponent gets bored, and without understanding the rules of the sport you are likely to come away second best.
To function successfully in China, and therefore maximise your business success it is crucial to know how to recognise and respond effectively to the 36 Chinese Strategies. Knowledge of the Chinese negotiating culture, which means how the 36 Chinese Strategies are used, is your greatest asset.
An example of how one of the 36 Chinese Strategies is used is in Strategy three 'Murder with a Borrowed Knife - 借刀杀人. Strategy Three is applied is a situations where you meet with your Chinese contacts. In such a scenario this may be the fifth meeting and you are getting closer to discussing a deal. You are likely to discover that the head Chinese person will not be the one who asks the difficult questions such as "can you lower the price?" Rather the person with the lower status will ask this question. Likewise the head person will not complain, as complaints will be done by the person with less status to conserve the leader's strength and reputation. Strategy Three - 'Murder with a Borrowed Knife - 借刀杀人 - enables the leader to "preserve their strength" while other issues are still being worked out. This is similar to how the King moves on the chessboard, because the King on the chessboard is the most powerful piece on the board and moves the least.


text:
Free Online Dictionary
|Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia||Download this dictionary|
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra. This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors, or infection. In healthy patients it is most often seen in individuals suffering extreme vertical shocks, such as ejecting from an ejection seat. Seen in lateral views in plain x-ray films, compression fractures of the spine characteristically appear as wedge deformities, with greater loss of height anteriorly than posteriorly and intact pedicles in the anteroposterior view.
|See more at Wikipedia.org...|
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "compression fracture", to help you become a better English speaker.
© This article uses material from Wikipedia® and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
|WordNet 2.0 Dictionary||Download this dictionary|
1. fracture in which the bone collapses (especially in short bones such as vertebrae)
(hypernym) fracture, break
|UMD@Click||Download this dictionary|
| compression fracture in English | compression fracture in Arabic
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text:
Our exhibition proposal for Gasometer GmbH was selected for installation inside their 110m high gasometer – Europe's tallest.
The design concept was based upon water. Water is a condition for all life. We, food and the earth are all mostly water. Of all the water in the earth's biosphere only 3% is fresh water, the rest is salt water. And, 87% of the fresh water is locked up in the polar ice caps, leaving only 0.4% of the earth's water accessible for humans, crops and animals.
Providing healthy drinkable water to everyone, both in industrialised and developing countries is a phenomenal challenge for mankind in the 21st century.
In most places throughout the world, water is carried in plastic bottles or jars. It does not come out of a tap. Safe, potable water is the gold of the 21st century.
We sought to communicate the purity of water, expressed through the phase states of water – ice, water and steam – to convey its beauty, preciousness and sounds.
The visitor enters the first of many corridors within an illuminated carved cylindrical block of ice symbolising the polar ice caps. This is the ice labyrinth. On the intermediate floor above is the main didactic part of the water exhibition. In the main gasometer space itself, an enormous ice cone was installed – measuring 50m in height. An ice skin forms on an internally illuminated taut and translucent skin.
The exhibition ran for nearly six months from autumn 2001 until spring 2002, and welcomed more than 300,000 visitors. It was considered a major success. We were assisted by THP Architektur and Schmidt Reuter.
"What in water did Bloom, water lover, drawer of water, water carrier returning to the range, admire? Its universality: its democratic quality." (James Joyce, Ulysses)


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I have a huge log file of around 3.5 GB and would like to sample random sections in the middle of say 10 MB for the purpose of debugging what my application is doing.
I could use head or tail commands to get the beginning or end of the file, how can I grab an arbitrary portion from the middle of the file? I guess I could do something like head -n 1.75GB | tail -n 10MB but that seems clumsy and I'd need to determine line numbers for the midpoint of the file to get 1.75GB and 10MB line counts.
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3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
$ dd if=big_file.bin skip=1750 ibs=1MB count=10 of=big_file.bin.part
You might want to spend some time reading and understanding dd.
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As dd is not aware of lines, you may want to trim of the first and last one, so as only complete lines are included, e.g.: dd... | head -n-1 | tail -n+2 or with sed: dd... | sed '1d; $d'. – Thor Feb 22 '13 at 10:19
You can use use tail, but by specify a byte offset.
tail -c +$START_BYTE $file | head -c $LENGTH > newfile
That way tail can jump directly to the starting point (without counting new lines) and once head matches the correct length, it stops running.
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Nice one. This works with arbitrary byte offsets and sizes, which dd can't do. – Mike Jan 9 at 0:06
You just have to write a little program to seek to some random spot and read some amount of lines.
An example in Python (reads one line, but you can modify it):
def get_random_line():
 """Return a randomly selected line from a file."""
 import random
 fo = open("/some/file.txt")
 point = random.randrange(fo.size)
 c =
 while c!= '\n' and fo.tell() > 0:
 , 1)
 c =
 line = fo.readline().strip()
 return line
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This resource is no longer available
The Unseen Leak: Faxes in the Era of Sarbanes-Oxley
Largely thought of as a thing of the past, the fax remains vitally important to nearly every type of business. Faxing is still used to transmit materials, including many organizations most private information: contracts, orders, audit statements or any other document that requires a hard copy signature in order to be valid. Yet, it is the very nature of these documents that creates the risk to a public company's SOX compliance. But there is a solution to these risk factors: Internet fax.
Download this paper to discover how Internet fax can plug an unseen leak and protect organizations from SOX violations and help organizations bring the fax portion of their operations up to the same standards they are using for other forms of communication.
- 19 Sep 2006
- 18 Sep 2006
- White Paper


Hooded Warbler Habitat Selection
January 1, 1993 by Gregory Gough
Male and female hooded warblers separate into different habitats in the non-breeding season. In the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico long-running studies revealed that males occupy forest habitat while females are in the treefall gaps, forest edges, and other adjacent shrubby habitats.
small yellow bird
The key difference between the male and female habitats is the orientation of the vegetation. Males like their plant stems to be up and down while the females prefer their stems to be at an angle.
So ingrained is this preference that laboratory studies of hand-raised hooded warblers revealed that strips of black crepe paper arranged vertically were preferred by males whereas oblique arrangements were preferred by females.
But what would happen if the vegetation structure changed? In 1988, Hurricane Gilbert slammed into the study area and snapped off many a tree top.
In areas that had previously been the provenance of males, and had suffered significant changes to the vertical structure of the forest, females moved in. In areas that were relatively untouched the males remained.
This article summarizes the information in this scientific paper:
Morton, Eugene S., Van der Voort, M. and Greenberg, Russell S. 1993. How a warbler chooses its habitat: Field support for laboratory experiments. Animal Behaviour, 46: 47-53
Download scientific paper


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Huruna: Demi-Toa of Mythos
The Nymph toa has become a master of Arcane knowledge, but will she let her brain go to her head?
About this creation
In a valiant effort to rid Kueva-Nui once and for all of Mukraatan, the Toa Mahi and the Toa Kueva ventured down into Mukraatan's lair to face untold horrors and eventually the dark entity himself. They fought everything from Rahi to Bohrok to Vahki to Dark Hunters, even several Infernos, killing them all without much of a struggle. Once they reached Mukraatan, they all combined their efforts in an Armageddon of sorts, the final blow landed by Tohuka, his sword in Mukraatan's throat. In his last dying breath, Mukraatan let loose a violent wave of corruptive radiation, rumored to be his blood, affecting the entire continent. At this point, the corruption seeped into the Toa Mahi, the Toa Kueva, and the Toa of Judgement, infusing itself with its hosts, creating Demi-Toa, or half Toa. As a result, their physical forms have mutated and they have gained considerably more power than ever imaginable. However, with that new power comes a temptation to misuse it, stronger than any other felt before. Mastering their new power marks the beginning of their new journey, for the corruptive radiation opened up portals all over Kueva-Nui, allowing untold horrors, access to the surface, such as Infernos or Krita Ghost Soldiers, even Sidi-Koro, who survived the battle by infusing her body with the power of her poison staff. This is where the journey begins.
Huruna was at first confused as to the role of the Demi-Toa of the Mythos, but as the transformation into her new role completed itself, she understood as a thousand truths and secrets of life were revealed to her. Mysteries of arcane power, ancients, and arcane practices suddenly became easy access for her as her knowledge expanded with the force of the Big Bang. However, she discovered of the possibility of reuniting with the other two successors of Ultimate Dume (see Loki Kueva and Sidi-Koro) to reform the arcane being once more. She was estranged from the forests that the piece of Ultimate Dume's soul merged itself with because of her corruption, and now hunts Loki independently of the other Demi-Toa out of shame for what she became. She can still use the forest portals to get from place to place, but every time she uses them, she feels watched, as if she's unwelcome. With her arcane armor, she gained a new weapon, the Sephis Saber, a special sword with the ability to take on a ghost form, bypassing armor, but still rending flesh. The other Toa are aware of how valuable she'd be fighting against Untold Horrors, so they chase after her in an attempt to convince her to cease her pursuit of Loki. So far, they haven't found her.
Back with different style wings.
The saber
The one Stinger-Claw she still has.
Her spaulders.
Front view.
Matt D.
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Duncan Life
 December 3, 2008
Nice work!
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 February 20, 2008
Very cool moc, hey thanks for da correction
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text:
Adults have been found cross-culturally to prefer blue to other colors. It's a nearly universal preference. But does this preference occur naturally, or do children and infants have different preferences? Prior to 2001, there wasn't a definitive answer to this question. In that year, Marcel Zentner of the University of Geneva conducted a study that not only answered that question, but also sought to explore the relationship between color and emotion ("Preferences for colours and Colour-Emotion Combinations in Early Childhood," Developmental Science, 2001).
Zentner's study showed 3- and 4-year-olds a set of nine colored cardboard rectangles and asked them to bring them to the experimenter one by one, starting with the one they liked best. Next they were showed pictures of three faces: a happy face, a sad face, and an angry face. They were asked to pick the color card that went with the face (they only had six cards to choose from for this task: Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, Brown, and Black).
The entire task was repeated with adults. As expected, the adults preferred blue to the other colors. The children's favorite color, however, was red. Zentner speculates that adults may have learned to associate red with negative things, such as blood and poison, and so that is why the preference shifts from childhood to adulthood.
Adults also mapped emotion to color differently from children. The adults were very consistent in their choices of color to associate with emotion: Happy was yellow, Sad was black, and Angry was red. Children, by contrast, chose a range of colors to associate with each face. Happy tended to be red, and Sad tended to be blue, but each color was chosen for each emotion more than once. No single color was a favorite to represent Angry. One significant correlation Zentner did find is that children tended to associate bright colors with Happy and dark colors with Sad.
So young children do associate color with emotion, but they do it differently from adults. The arbitrariness of the particular colors they choose suggests that the link between color and emotion is imposed by society in different ways for different ages. It's especially interesting to me that adults are so consistent in the emotions they associate with a particular color. Somehow these colors come to represent particular emotions quite uniformly in a variety of adults, even though children see color and emotion linked in an entirely different way.


, implementing the PKI necessary to support a key recovery agent is overkill "something like building a dedicated highway from your house to the convenience store. Might be nice, but it's expensive and a lot of work.
On the other hand, you could just distribute the RA's certificate via Group Policy. Group Policy is definitely the thousandpound gorilla of centralized control, so you can't argue that it's too much work "even in a large organization. Instead of distributing certificates to each and every user manually, you just have Group Policy configure their client computers to have the certificate. It's automatic and transparent and requires very little effort. At the same time, you don't have to fuss with a PKI, worry about revocation lists, and so forth. Heck, with PKI, you'll still have to use Group Policy to configure client computers to trust your CA; why not use Group Policy to solve the problem directly by distributing the RA certificate?
Mike : I've got to admit you have a point. A full PKI solution just for EFS is a bit of overkill. Using Group Policy to distribute the RA's certificate is elegant and well distributed. I still prefer a full PKI, because I think most organizations could benefit from deploying PKI. But in some cases, an EFS RA might be acceptable.
4.2.5 Example: Ensuring New Files are Encrypted
Don Fink knows that his laptop is susceptible to theft. Unfortunately, he cannot avoid storing sensitive and proprietary data on it when traveling between offices. Don wants to store data securely so that, no matter what the situation, his data will remain confidential and only he can retrieve it. He would rather lose the data entirely than have the data fall into the hands of his competitors.
Don's Windows Server 2003 infrastructure does not yet include a centralized certification authority (CA). He knows very little about public key cryptography and certificates. He only knows that he must keep his data confidential. Here are the steps that Don would take to create a new directory and ensure that its contents are encrypted:
 1. Create a new folder on the hard drive to store his sensitive files. The path to Don's folder is C:\Secrets, although this name could be anything.
 2. Right-click on the folder and choose Properties.
 3. Click Advanced.
 4. Select the Encrypt Contents to Protect Data checkbox.
 5. Click OK, then click OK. If the Confirm Attribute Changes dialog box appears, choose "Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files."
The folder and all its contents, including files and subfolders, are now encrypted. Because Don did not already have a certificate and private key that EFS could use, EFS generated one before encrypting the contents.
A public key certificate and associated private key may already exist for Don. This depends on whether a certification authority has been installed and configured within Woodgrove Bank and, if so, whether it is configured to issue EFS-usable certificates. In many cases, Don will have such a certificate and not know he has one. The only way Don can determine what certificate is used for EFS is to use the Certificates MMC snap-in as described later to identify the certificate with the Encrypting File System listed as its Intended Purpose.
4.2.6 Example: Managing the Private Key to Ensure Maximum Protection
Don knows that retaining the private key on the hard disk is inadvisable and that he must export the certificate and private key to a floppy disk for safekeeping. He can do this by completing the following steps whenever he is finished working with his encrypted data:
 1. Click Start, click Run, type mmc.exe, then press Enter.
 2. Click File, then click Add/Remove Snap-in.
 3. Click Add.
 4. Click Certificates, then click Add.
 5. Select My User Account and then click Finish.
 6. Click Close, then click OK.
 7. Expand the Certificates "Current User container, expand the Personal container, then click Certificates.
 8. Click the certificate that lists Encrypting File System under the Intended Purposes column. This is shown in Figure 4-10.
 9. Click Action, click All tasks, then click Export.
 10. Within the Certificate Export Wizard:
 1. Select "Yes, export the private key."
 2. Select "Delete the private key if the export is successful."
 3. Enter a strong password that is difficult to guess.
 4. Enter a save path to a floppy disk and click OK.
Figure 4-10. Selecting the EFS certificate based on the Intended Purposes field
Now the private key is removed from Don's saved private keys. EFS can continue to operate using the private key it has cached, but once Don logs off the computer, this cache will be erased. Don must import the private key from the floppy disk before he can decrypt any files encrypted with that private key. Importing a private key from a saved file is extremely simple:
 1. Insert the floppy disk in the disk drive.
 2. Click Start, click My Computer, then double-click the floppy drive.
 3. Double-click the file saved earlier to import the private key.
 4. Enter the password when prompted.
I frequently refer to the use of a floppy disk throughout the book. This is because the floppy drive is the most universal removable media device available and has been installed in computers as standard equipment for decades. However, floppy disks can go bad over time or with minimal abuse. Many other portable storage solutions "such as USB key drives, memory cards, and rewritable CDs "are available. In many cases, these removable solutions will work exactly the same as a floppy disk. When a floppy disk is specifically required, a note will be added to indicate that fact.
4.2.7 Example: Using cipher.exe to Remove Old Unencrypted Data
In our example, Don creates the folder for his encrypted data and marks it for encryption before any data is actually created. However, this may not always be possible. He may want the same level of protection for the data that he has already saved on his hard disk. He can follow the previous steps to mark a folder as encrypted and remove the private key. He would then drag files into the folder and they would become encrypted. However, because the files were previously stored as unencrypted on the hard disk, portions of those files may still exist unencrypted on the disk. Those file portions are often called data remnants. And although this data would not be easy to retrieve, a dedicated attacker with sophisticated equipment could do so.
To avoid data remnants on the disk for an indeterminant period, the disk should be wiped clean of unused data. This process, while fairly lengthy, can ensure that current technology cannot recover the old unencrypted data remnants. The procedure can be done by following these steps:
 1. Click Start All Programs Accessories Command Prompt.
 1. Right-click on an encrypted file in his encrypted folder and choose Properties.
 2. Click Advanced.
 3. Click Details.
 4. The data recovery agents are identified in the list labeled "Data recovery agents for this file as defined by recovery policy," as shown in Figure 4-11.
 Figure 4-11. Administrator is the data recovery agent for this file
 If any of the private keys for the listed recovery agent(s) are on the local computer, they should be removed using the procedure described earlier in this chapter.
 How cipher /w Works
 The cipher /w command, also known as the wipe command, is one of the most powerful security features in Windows Server 2003. In many cases, it can mean the difference between an unsuccessful attack and having otherwise -well-protected data compromised.
 When the wipe command is called, cipher obtains a list of unused hard drive sectors from NTFS. It then goes to the first sector in the list and performs the following actions:
 1. Writes all zeros
 2. Writes all ones
 3. Requests a pseudorandom number from the Cryptographic API (CAPI)
 4. Writes the pseudorandom number
 cipher then moves to the next sector in the list and repeats the set of wipe actions. Once all sectors on the list are written in such a fashion, cipher requests a list of unused NTFS metadata sectors ( metadata is the set of files that NTFS uses internally to manage the file system). The wipe operation is then performed on each unused NTFS metadata sector.
 Because of the extensive amount of work done by the wipe operation, it takes a very long time to complete. Unfortunately, NTFS is operating the entire time the wipe operation is being performed. During this time, sectors can be used or released by NTFS, thereby changing the list without informing cipher. In addition, some small files may reside entirely within NTFS metadata sectors and therefore may not be entirely eradicated by the wipe operation.
 The best solution to this situation is to ensure that files are created in an encrypted state and are never written to the hard drive as plain text. Wiping the hard drive will almost certainly remove plain text slack from previously encrypted files, but it is not guaranteed.
 4.2.8 Example: Storing Shared Encrypted Files on a Windows Server 2003 File Server
 EFS is primarily designed to encrypt local files. However, files stored on a file server can also be encrypted. Windows Server 2003 supports two methods of file sharing that can be used with EFS "the classic SMB


Showing posts from July, 2017
The Most Delicious Day Of The Year!
Saturday, July 29 is National Lasagna Day! To celebrate, we wanted to take a look at the history of this delicious, traditional Italian dish. However, it's origins might surprise you! Before you come into Lake of the Ozarks' best Italian restaurant to satisfy your cravings for lasagna, let's look into the history of it. Not So Traditional Italian Although lasagna can be found at nearly every Italian restaurant, it technically didn't originate in Italy as you may have thought. Its history can be traced way back to Ancient Greece. The name Lasagna, or "Lasagne" is derived from the Greek word 'Laganon,' which is the first known form of pasta. However, Laganon was not a traditional lasagna as we know it today with traditional Italian ingredients, but it was composed of layers of pasta and sauce. It was named for the method in which it was made, not for the ingredients. Modern Day Lasagna While Italy may not have been the inventors of this layere
The Italian History of Amaretto
The importation of Amaretto to the United States didn't occur until the 1960s, however, once it came to the States, it quickly became a hit! Whether as a mixer in cocktails or in food preparation, people couldn't get enough of this almond flavored liqueur. While you may be able to guess it came from Italy from the Italian sounding name, Amaretto has a very old and interesting history. What is Amaretto? The word Amaretto is actually Italian for "a little bitter." It's a unique liqueur with an almond flavor, however, it doesn't always contain almonds. When Amaretto is made, the standard base of the liqueur is made from either apricot pits or almonds or both. Like many other spirits, it may contain a number of added spices or flavorings. If almonds are not used, the flavor is achieved through apricot kernel oil, burnt sugar and a variety of spices. Its Italian Origins Amaretto is the liqueur of love that was first produced in Saronno, Italy. While this
5 Reasons You NEED To Visit Li'l Rizzo's
Li'l Rizzo's has been a staple at the Lake of the Ozarks for over 20 years, and we're well known for having the best Italian food. However, if you haven't had a chance to try our Lake of the Ozarks Italian restaurant (or if you just need a reminder), here are 5 reasons to come visit us soon! 1. Homemade Italian Food We know there are a lot of places that serve pizza and pasta, that's why our mission is to become your favorite restaurant. How do we do that exactly? With gourmet pizza, pasta, world famous salad, and of course, legendary service. When we say gourmet, we mean the fresh ingredients, the secret hand-crafted recipes and the love we put into every dish. You will really be able to tell the difference! 2. Tasty Specialty Cocktails In addition to our homemade food, we also have a fully stocked bar, which allows our bartenders to serve up almost anything you can think of. However, if you're not feeling creative, no worries! We have a full menu
10 Things You May Not Have Known About Pasta!
At Li'l Rizzo's, there is no denying that we LOVE pasta, whether it's being twirled on a fork or baked in lasagna. On average, Americans eat about 19 pounds of pasta per person per year according to the National Pasta Association. However, Italians consume about 56 pounds of pasta per year. Despite our love of these noodles, how much do we know about them? Li'l Rizzo's has 10 interesting facts about pasta you may not have known about. 1. Al dente keeps you full longer. When pasta is cooked al dente, which means "to the tooth" or "to the bite," it takes longer to digest. Not only will this keep you fuller longer, it also helps the pasta keep your blood sugar levels more stable. 2. There is a method to pasta shapes and sauces. The reasons why there are so many shapes of pasta is that the weight, texture, and shape all contribute to the way that it holds onto sauce. Basically, certain pasta shapes are better with certain sauces than others.


text: The Mill is one of those few paintings that are significant not only because they are beautiful but because they have profoundly influenced the history of taste. As part of important eighteenthand nineteenth-century collections, The Mill was well known to connoisseurs and artists who valued it as one of Rembrandt's greatest creations. The romantic aura of the scene, with the dramatic silhouette of the mill seen against the stormy sky, captured their imagination. Many stories and myths circulated about the painting, among them that this was a picture of Rembrandt's father's mill. The dark, threatening sky seemed to others to portend the severe financial difficulties that Rembrandt had in the mid-1650s.


Skip to definition.
Adjective: analytic ,a-nu'li-tik
 1. (mathematics) using or subjected to a methodology using algebra and calculus
 "analytic statics"
 "an analytic experiment"; "a keenly analytic man";
 - analytical
 3. (linguistics) expressing a grammatical category by using two or more words rather than inflection
 - uninflected
 4. (logic) of a proposition that is necessarily true independent of fact or experience
 "'all spinsters are unmarried' is an analytic proposition";
 - analytical
 5. (maths) complex valued and complex differentiable
 "The professor introduced analytic functions of several complex variables";
 - holomorphic
See also: a priori, deductive, isolating, logical
Antonym: synthetic
Encyclopedia: Analytic


text:
Founded in 1861, BAM has a long history of rich and varied programming. Originally intended as a venue for music, the early representation of classical music and opera was extensive. Programs soon expanded to include theater, with popular performances of Shakespeare and other playwrights. Audiences were treated to the most famous actors of the day.
The Academy also served a civic function as a prominent lecture hall, hosting important elected officials, writers, explorers, and activists. It has served a community function, such as hosting fundraising events during the Civil War for the Brooklyn Sanitary Fair, a precursor to the Red Cross.
During the early 20th century, events continued to be robust, with concerts and recitals by important artists. Beginning in 1967, performances of dance and cutting-edge theater revitalized the institution, which had undergone a mid-century downturn. In 1983, the Next Wave Festival was founded, which grew into a celebrated showcase for contemporary performance from around the world. The community focus continues as an important part of BAM's mission.