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License Violations Attorney In Anoka, Minnesota
Driving after license suspension, revocation, or cancellation is considered a criminal offense in Minnesota. A conviction for any one of these can have an impact on your criminal record and can also negatively affect your driving privileges for the long-term.
If you have been charged with a license violation, you need the help of an experienced Minnesota criminal defense attorney who has experience defending license violations and getting fair results for clients. Mr. Peterson is able to use a number of strategies that can help you receive a fair result in the case so that you can put the matter behind you as soon as possible.
Proving The Facts
In Minnesota, your driver's license can be cancelled, suspended, or revoked for a number of reasons. One of the most common is DWI. Other reasons include: Failure to renew your license on time, failure to pay court ordered fines, failure to appear in court, or conviction of a minor traffic violation. Revocation can occur when a more serious traffic violation, such as DWI/DUI. If you are found to be driving with a revoked or suspended license, it is considered a misdemeanor offense.
However, a misdemeanor does not mean you still do not need legal representation to fight the charge because a conviction could lead to license cancellation and this means not being able to legally drive again. You can fight the charge and receive a much better result.
It is important to secure this result because the complete loss of your license could result in you having to always rely on someone else to take you to and from your destinations. This causes a hardship on you, your family, and even your friends. If you use public transportation, there is the expense and the time that it takes to travel through public transit. It is important that, while you may not immediately have driving privileges, you do at some point.
Helping You Avoid License Violation penalties
In Minnesota, the consequences of a license violation conviction are as follows:
- Additional license sanctions
- Community service or work crew
Your Anoka criminal defense attorney will look at the reasons behind the violation. Perhaps you were in an emergency situation or you may not have been aware that your license was suspended at the time of the offense. There are many reasons why license violations occur and many of them are mistakes, while some are intentional. By presenting the facts in the case, you can receive a much better result than you would otherwise. This could mean preserving your license so you can regain your driving privileges at some point in the future.


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Learning Support Team
Learning Support Mission
We nurture each student's learning and well being in a safe, responsive, and inclusive learning community.
Learning Support Vision
Each student within our world-class learning community has the opportunity to fulfill their potential and pursue their passions.
Inclusive Education in School District 61 is a way of thinking and acting, grounded in a belief that with the right supports, every learner can be successful in their schools and classrooms. Inclusive schools embrace the value of our diversity and see our differences as strengths. We believe that all students have an authentic sense of belonging in their school community and will be supported to develop their full potential in the academic, social-emotional and physical domains.
Inclusion equitably supports and appropriately challenges all learners. All GVSD staff members work together to create welcoming, flexible and responsive learning opportunities that adapt to the changing needs of students. As much as possible, inclusive classrooms are places where students do not have to leave to learn; collaborative supports are brought to students in their classrooms and, as a result, benefit the full range of learners. At times, dependent on student needs, more targeted and specialized interventions are offered to individuals or smaller groups in classrooms or other inclusive learning spaces.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The thirdand fourth-grade years are big transition years. During these years, students begin to mature in their understanding of the outside world. They start to get ready to be independent workers and thinkers. Students are given plenty of opportunity to show responsibility and ownership for their work. Grace Lutheran School helps with this maturing by adding new experiences. Our third graders learn how to take notes, an important skill for students at every level. They also start group science lab activities. The fourth-grade social studies curriculum emphasizes Wisconsin history, geography, economics, government, and cultural differences. Some of the other fun things that happen in the 3rd and 4th grade classroom are a culture and heritage unit, reading several novels – including The BFG and Holes – a social studies states project, math, reading, and language centers, and several fun field trips!
Grades 3-4 Faculty


why is copper T used for?
Asked by | 12th Feb, 2010, 12:19: AM
Expert Answer:
Copper Tis a method of contraception.
Copper T (Cu-T) is a small T-shaped Intrauterine Device (IUD) made of soft plastic and copper, that is placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
It releases copper in the uterine cavity, which prevents the sperm from fertilising the egg. It reduces the number and viability of sperms reaching the egg. In case of fertilisation it stops the fertilised egg from making its way to the uterus because the copper kills the fertilised egg.
Answered by | 12th Feb, 2010, 04:58: PM


claves, and reportedly there is a small German immigration to Puerto Rico. Nearly all inhabitants of the city of Pomerode, a municipality where this language is co-official[42][43] in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil, can speak German.
In most locations where German immigrants settled, the vast majority of their descendents no longer speak German, as they have been largely assimilated into the host language and culture of the specific location of settlement; generally English in North America, and Spanish or Portuguese in Latin America. However, the Brazilian state Espírito Santo has Pomeranian and German as linguistic heritages officially approved statewide,[44][45][46][47] while Rio Grande do Sul has Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German as linguistic heritage officially approved statewide.[48][49] Moreover, some cities in Brazil have the German or Pomeranian as co-official languages. They are:
Municipalities that have co-official Pomeranian (or Pommersch) language:
Municipalities where Pomeranian dialects are co-official in Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Espírito Santo:
Minas Gerais:
Santa Catarina:
Rio Grande do Sul:
Municipalities that have co-official language Riograndenser Hunsrückisch language:
Santa Catarina:
Rio Grande do Sul:
German migration to New Zealand in the 19th century was less pronounced than migration from Britain, Ireland, and perhaps even Scandinavia. Despite this there were significant pockets of German speaking communities which lasted until the first decades of the 20th century. German-speakers settled principally in Puhoi, Nelson, and Gore. At the last census (2006), 37,500 people in New Zealand spoke German, making it the third most spoken European language after English and French and overall the ninth most spoken language.
Standard German[edit]
Main article: Standard German
The national and regional standard varieties of the German language.[71]
Standard German originated not as a traditional dialect of a specific region, but as a written language. However, there are places where the traditional regional dialects have been replaced by new vernaculars based on standard German; this is the case in large stretches of Northern Germany, but also in major cities in other parts of the country. It is important to note, however, that this colloquial standard German differs greatly from the formal written language, especially in grammar and syntax, in which it has been influenced by dialectal speech.
In the German-speaking parts of Switzerland, mixtures of dialect and standard are very seldom used, and the use of standard German is largely restricted to the written language. This situation has been called a medial diglossia. Swiss Standard German is used in the Swiss education system, while Austrian Standard German is officially used in the Austrian education system. A mixture of dialect and standard also does not occur in Northern Germany. The traditional dialects there are Low German, while Standard German is a High German language. Because the dialects of this region are of a completely different language, they don't mesh with Standard German the way High German dialects (e.g. Bavarian, Swabian, Hessian) are able to.
Official status[edit]
Standard German is the only official language in Liechtenstein; it shares official status in Germany (with Danish, Frisian, Romany and Sorbian as minority languages), in Austria (with Slovene, Croatian, and Hungarian as minority languages), Switzerland (with French, Italian and Romansh), Belgium (with Dutch and French) and Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish). It is an official regional language in Italy (South Tyrol), as well as in the cities of Sopron (Hungary), Krahule (Slovakia) and several cities in Romania. It is the official language of command (together with Italian) of the Vatican Swiss Guard.
German has an officially recognized status as a regional or auxiliary language in Denmark[72] (Southern Jutland region), Italy (Gressoney valley),[citation needed] Namibia, Poland (Opole region), and Russia[citation needed] (Asowo and Halbstadt).
German is one of the 23 official languages of the European Union and one of the three working languages. It is the language with the largest number of native speakers in the European Union and is the second-most spoken language in Europe, just behind English and ahead of French.
German as a foreign language[edit]
Knowledge of German as a foreign language (second language in Luxembourg) in the EU member states (+Turkey), in per cent of the adult population (+15), 2005.
German is the third most taught foreign language in the English-speaking world, after French and Spanish.[73]
German is the main language of about 95[2] – 100 million[36] people in Europe (as of 2005), or 13.3% of all Europeans; it is the second most spoken native language in Europe after Russian, above French (66.5 million speakers in 2004) and English (64.2 million speakers in 2004). It is therefore the most spoken first language in the EU. It is the second most known foreign language in the EU.[74] It is one of the official languages of the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission, along with English and French. Among citizens of the EU-15 countries, 32% say they can converse in German (either as a mother tongue or as a second or foreign language).[75] This is assisted by the widespread availability of German TV by cable or satellite.
German was once, and still remains to some extent, a lingua franca in Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe.[76]
Main article: German dialects
Distribution of the native speakers of major continental West-Germanic dialectal varieties.[citation needed]
German is a member of the West Germanic language of the Germanic family of languages, which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family. The German dialect continuum is traditionally divided most broadly into High German and Low German, also called Low Saxon. Yet, historically, High German dialects and Low Saxon/Low German dialects do not belong to the same language. Nevertheless, in today's Germany, Low Saxon/Low German is often perceived as a dialectal variation of Standard German on a functional level, even by many native speakers. The same phenomenon is found in the eastern Netherlands, as the traditional dialects are not always identified with their Low Saxon/Low German origins, but with Dutch.[77]
Low German[edit]
Main article: Low German
Middle Low German was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League. It was the predominant language in Northern Germany. This changed in the 16th century: in 1534 the Luther Bible was published. This translation is considered to be an important step towards the evolution of the Early New High German. It aimed to be understandable to a broad audience and was based mainly on Central and Upper German varieties. The Early New High German language gained more prestige than Low German and became the language of science and literature. Around the same time, the Hanseatic league, based around northern ports, lost its importance as new trade routes to Asia and the Americas were established, while the most powerful German states of that period were located in Middle and Southern Germany.
The 18th and 19th centuries were marked by mass education in Standard German in schools. Gradually Low German came to be politically viewed as a mere dialect spoken by the uneducated. Today Low Saxon can be divided in two groups: Low Saxon varieties with a reasonable standard German influx[clarification needed] and varieties of Standard German with a Low Saxon influence known as Missingsch. Sometimes, Low Saxon and Low Franconian varieties are grouped together because both are unaffected by the High German consonant shift. However, the proportion of the population who can understand and speak it has decreased continuously since World War II.
High German[edit]
Main article: High German languages
High German is divided into Central German, High Franconian (a transitional dialect), and Upper German. Central German dialects include Ripuarian, Moselle Franconian, Rhine Franconian, Central Hessian, East Hessian, North Hessian, Thuringian, Silesian German, Lorraine Franconian, Mittelalemannisch, North Upper Saxon, High Prussian, Lausitzisch-Neumärkisch and Upper Saxon. It is spoken in the southeastern Netherlands, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg, parts of France, and parts of Germany roughly between the River Main and the southern edge of the Lowlands. Modern Standard German is mostly based on Central German, although the common (but not linguistically correct) German term for modern Standard German is Hochdeutsch, that is, High German.
The Moselle Franconian varieties spoken in Luxembourg have been officially standardised and institutionalised and are usually considered a separate language known as Luxembourgish.
The two High Franconian dialects are East Franconian and South Franconian.
Upper German dialects include Northern Austro-Bavarian, Central Austro-Bavarian, Southern Austro-Bavarian, Swabian, East Franconian, High Alemannic German, Highest Alemannic German, Alsatian and Low Alemannic German. They are spoken in parts of the Alsace, southern Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria, and the German-speaking parts of Switzerland and Italy.
Wymysorys is a High German dialect of Poland native to Wilamowice, and Sathmarisch and Sie


Status: Recruiting
Keywords: Fertility, reproductive medicine, pregnancy outcomes, folic acid and zinc supplementation trial, semen quality, infertility, secondary infertility, pcos, male fertility
IRB Number: 00053611
Specialty: Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Andrology, OB/Gyn, General
Sub Specialties:
Brief Summary
This is a multi-center, double-blinded, block randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effects of folic acid and zinc dietary supplementation in males on semen quality and fertility rates among couples trying to conceive and seeking assisted reproduction.
Primary Objective
The primary objective of the study is to assess the impact of folic acid and zinc dietary supplementation in males on semen quality and indirectly fertility outcomes (i.e., live birth rate) among couples attempting to conceive and seeking assisted reproduction. A double-blind, placebo-controlled block randomized trial of folic acid and zinc dietary supplementation will be conducted. Following a screening/randomization visit, participants will return at 2, 4, and 6 months. The rate of adverse events will be noted throughout the double-blind trial.
Principal Investigator: Matthew Peterson
Department: Reproductive Endrocrinology
Co Investigator: Douglas Carrell
Co Investigator: Erica Johnstone
Contact Information
Name:Denise Lamb
Phone: _PHONE_
Email: _EMAIL_
Inclusion Criteria
Couples Inclusion Criteria:
 1. Heterosexual couples in a committed relationship with a female partner aged 18-45 years and male partner aged 18 years and older attempting to conceive and seeking assisted reproduction at participating fertility clinics.
 2. Couples actively trying to conceive.
 3. Couples who are planning OI, natural fertility optimization methods, or IUI should be willing to be on the study dietary supplement for at least 3 weeks before starting the next assisted reproduction cycle. Women with regular periods may initiate their fertility therapy at the start of the woman's menstrual cycle following randomization if randomization occurred within the first 10 days of the cycle, but must wait one menstrual cycle if the visit occurred after day 10 of the cycle. For women with irregular periods or amenorrhea, the male must be on the study supplement for 3 weeks prior to initiation of any ovulation induction medication (e.g., clomid, letrozole, gonadotropins).
Male Inclusion Criteria:
 1. Willing to provide semen samples according to the proposed schedule at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up.
 2. Able to complete regular study questionnaires and daily journals aimed at capturing ejaculation, sexual intercourse and lifestyle factors considered to affect male fecundity (e.g., cigarette smoking, fever, high temperature environment and other environmental exposures) and other data collection instruments (e.g., physical activity, food frequency questionnaire, stress).
Exclusion Criteria
Couples Exclusion Criteria:
 1. Female partner unwilling to participate (e.g., no abstraction of her assisted fertility treatment record or unwilling to complete baseline visit).
 2. Couples using donor, cryopreserved sperm, or sperm obtained via microsurgical or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration.
 3. Couples attempting to conceive with a gestational carrier (surrogate).
 4. Positive urine pregnancy test at screening.
Male Exclusion Criteria:
 1. Age <18 years.
 2. Unwilling to abstain from use of non-study approved dietary supplements or medications containing folic acid or oral preparations containing zinc throughout the study.
 3. Diagnosis of anemia at screening. All participants will be screened at baseline for anemia and any men that screen positive (Hemoglobin <13 gm/dL) will be excluded.
 4. Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency or pericious anemia
 5. Any other diagnosis of anemia within the last 5 years that has not bee successfully treated.
 6. Consuming a vegan diet.
 7. A known genetic cause of male factor subfertility, including chromosomal disorders related to subfertility (e.g., Y chromosome deletions).
 8. Current use of drugs known to interact with folic acid or interfere with the biosynthesis of folic acid including all dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, including but not limited to Trimethoprim, Triamterene, Bactrim, Iclaprim, and Sulfonamides including diuretics, such as Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Metolazone, Indapamide, Lasix, Bumex, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone, Acetazolamide, Mefruside, Xipamide; Sulfonylureas such as Glipizide and Glyburide; Cox-2 inhibitors, such as Celecoxib; Probenecid; Sulfasalazine; Sumatriptan; Mafenide; Acetazolamide; Ethoxzolamide; Sulfiram; Zonisamide; optic agents including Dorzolamide and Dichlorphenamide; Valproic acid; Fluorouracil; Capecitabine; Methotrexate, or other drugs known to interact with folic acid.
 9. Physician diagnosed:
 1. Current poorly controlled chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune, thyroid disease, endocrine dysfunction, liver disease, kidney disease, or HIV/AIDS or other immune-insufficient related illnesses.
 2. Crohn's disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, gastric bypass surgery, lap band surgery or history of intestinal surgery to remove a portion of small bowel. History of diseases/symptoms that require folic acid dietary supplementation, such as megaloblastic anemia, homocystinemia, and homocystinuria.
 3. History of alcohol dependency disorder and/or other drug/substance dependency in the past 180 days.
 4. History of psychoses or other mental condition that would result in cognitive impairment and inability to participate in any part of this study including the informed consent process, as diagnosed by a physician within the past year.
i. History of vasectomy without reversal, obstructive azoospermia such as CBAVD, or ejaculatory duct obstruction.
j. Known allergy to folic acid or zinc dietary supplementation.
Female Exclusion Criteria:
 1. Age <18 or >45 years.


text: This book presents one of the first attempts at developing a precise, grammatically rooted, theory of conversation motivated by data from real conversations. The theory has descriptive reach from the micro-conversational - e.g. self-repair at the word level - to macro-level phenomena such as multi-party conversation and the characterization of distinct conversational genres. It draws on extensive corpus studies of the British National Corpus, on evidence from language acquisition, and on computer simulations of language evolution. The theory provides accounts of the opening, middle game, and closing stages of conversation. it also offers a new perspective on traditional semantic concerns such as quanitifcation and anaphora. The Interactive Stance challenges orthodox views of grammar by aruging that, unless we wish to excluse from analysis a large body of frequently occurrring words and constructions, the right way to construe grammar is as a system that characterizes types of talk in interaction.


text:
Internal Mammary Node Coverage - An Investigation of Presently-Accepted Techniques
John Han-Chih Chang, MD
OncoLink Assistant Editor
Last Modified: November 1, 1999
Presenter: Douglas Arthur, MD
Affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University/Medical College of Virginia
The Internal mammary nodes (IMNs) are found lateral to the internal mammary vessels from the 1st rib to the 4th intercostal space. Radiation therapy (RT) to this area can be administered using various techniques. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which of the three accepted techniques would provide the most adequate IMN coverage with least dose to normal tissues.
Materials and Methods:
- Five patients who had CT scans for target planning purposes were evaluated for dose volume histograms of the target (breast and regional lymph nodes including special attention to the IMN's) and normal tissues (lung and heart).
- The three techniques investigated were:
- Extended tangents with a supraclavicular field,
- 5 field technique (with electrons and photons to the IMN region and medial breast) and,
- The partly wide tangents with a supraclavicular field.
The standard tangent along with a supraclavicular field was also utilized for comparision.
- All of the approaches to treat the IMN's increase the irradiated lung and heart volume by 10 - 15%.
- The superior aspect of the IMN chain is the most difficult to get adequate coverage due to the patient anterior chest wall thickness in that region. Underdosing can be in the range of 15% to 35% in some techniques with some patients.
- The 5 field technique seemed to have the highest increase in dose to normal tissue volume, while the partly extended tangents had the best IMN coverage with the least increase lung and heart volume treated.
- Multiple techniques exist in addressing IMN with RT. The authors demonstrated what can be accomplished with each in relation to standard tangents, which do not directly address IMNs.
- Which is the "correct" technique remains unknown. It seems with the differences in patient's anatomy, each case must be individualized. Technique must be chosen based upon a careful planning.
- Only further long term data will demonstrate whether IMN RT is required in all or any situation with the ongoing accrual of two European randomized trials addressing regional lymph node RT.
ASTRO coverage is sponsored, in part, by Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
I Wish You Knew
How cancer patients have changed my life
Blogs and Web Chats
OncoLink Blogs give our readers a chance to react to and comment on key cancer news topics and provides a forum for OncoLink Experts and readers to share opinions and learn from each other.
Facing a new cancer diagnosis or changing the course of your current treatment? Let our cancer nurses help you through!


text:
Author: R. E. Batchelor
Paperback: ISBN: _PHONE_ Pages: 752 Price: U.S. $ 45.00
Paperback: ISBN: _PHONE_ Pages: 752 Price: Europe EURO 24.99
Written for those with a basic competence in Spanish, this comprehensive synonyms guide is designed to help the learner find the right word for the right context - thus improving their vocabulary and enabling them to communicate more precisely and fluently. It contains around 900 lists of synonyms, each one classified according to its level of formality. Every synonym is illustrated with authentic examples, and the subtle shades of difference between them are clearly explained. The book contains four clear indexes: Spanish-Spanish, Argentinean-Spanish, Mexican-Spanish and English-Spanish, enabling the reader to instantly locate any word. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, and includes new material on Argentinean and Mexican varieties, including a useful comparison of Mexican and Iberian Spanish. It will continue to be an essential reference for college and undergraduate students, their teachers, and other language professionals seeking a clear, user-friendly guide to Spanish synonyms and their usage.
1. Introduction; 2. Spanish synonyms; 3. Index of Spanish items with frame titles; 4. Index of Argentinean items with frame titles; 5. Index of Mexican items with frame titles; 6. Index of English items with frame titles.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Taruna College Education Principles
Two over-arching terms characterise education at Taruna College:
Holistic education; and Learning as a life journey
- Student diversity in all its facets is a strength that underpins everything we do at Taruna.
- Study at Taruna enables students to:
- Understand and engage with their field of study in a holistic way.
- Develop a deep reflective understanding of the creative human being; and
- Shape their own life journey through reflective practice.
- All members of the Taruna community – students and staff – show mutual respect, are curious, have integrity, act professionally, care for each other, and are prepared to challenge each other.
- Learning at Taruna is intellectual, experiential, spiritual and emotional.
- Programmes offered by Taruna are informed by Rudolf Steiner's image of the human being and are grounded in and respond to a bicultural and multicultural Aotearoa/New Zealand.
- Teaching at Taruna facilitates learning, and is inclusive, strength-based, and inspires and challenges students.
- Every teacher at Taruna knows and values each learner as a whole person; is responsive to the holistic needs and goals of the students; knows their field of study and how to teach this; and is a lifelong learner.
- Enrolment guidance at Taruna is well-informed and appropriately tailored to the individual's needs and goals.
- Pastoral support at Taruna is safe and professional.
- Every programme at Taruna has rhythm and structure; has clear aspirational goals which are aligned with contemporary professional practice; is designed to enable teaching and learning as defined above; and empowers students to explore further pathways.
- Taruna college as an organisation supports the above through;
- Visionary and inspiring leadership;
- Adequate and contemporary resources;
- Effective administrative support; and
- Nurturing a culture of learning for all.


text:
Digital media can provide lifelines for homeless people. This article explains that Brianna Karp wrote The Girl's Guide to Homelessness about her experience of being homeless. In an interview, she says that
'people are still amazed to see homeless people utilizing resources, or conclude that they must not "really" be homeless. Why should a person entering a crisis like homelessness be expected to give up items they may already own, like a cell phone or laptop, which may be their most valuable tools for finding work and digging their way out?'
She also says that through her blog she met other homeless people and activists.
She advises other homeless people that
'Technology and social media are your friends, so use them. With them, a world's entire wealth of information is at your fingertips.'
1 note ()


Industries & Practices
 Regaining Ownership of Severed Oil and Gas Mineral Rights in Ohio
 Ohio's Dormant Minerals Act (Revised Code 5301.56) provides a landowner with the opportunity to acquire title to previously severed oil and gas mineral rights if the mineral interest owner does not "use" those rights during a specific 20-year time period. If oil and gas rights are not "used" during the 20-year period, then title to those rights vests with the surface owner.
 As originally enacted in 1989, the Ohio Dormant Minerals Act constituted a "use it or lose it" statute: if the mineral-interest owners did not "use" their mineral rights during a 20-year time period, then they automatically vested in the surface owner.1 The 1989 version, however, underwent substantial revision in 2006 when the General Assembly added certain notice requirements to the statute.2 Under the current version of the statute, the following multi-step process must be specifically followed in order to accomplish the merging of the surface and mineral interests:
 1. Confirm that the mineral interest at issue is not coal.
 2. Confirm that the mineral interest is not owned by the United States, the State of Ohio, or any political subdivision (for example, a county, township, municipality or school district).
 3. Ensure that the following "savings events" did not occur in the 20 years prior to the notice described below being sent to the holders of the mineral interest:
 - The oil and gas mineral interest has been the "subject of" a recorded "title transaction," which refers to any transaction affecting title to any interest in land, including title by will or descent," as well as warranty deed, quit claim deed or mortgage.
 - There has been actual production or withdrawal of oil and gas by the holder of the mineral interest.
 - The mineral interest has been used in underground gas storage.
 - A drilling or mining permit has been issued to the holder of the mineral interest
 - A statutorily compliant affidavit to preserve the mineral interest has been filed.
 - A separately listed tax parcel number has been created for the mineral interest by the county auditor.
 4. Serve notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to each holder of the mineral interest (defined to include "any person who derives the person's rights from, or has a common source with, the record holder" of the mineral interest) at the last known address of each, of the owner's intent to declare the mineral interest at issue abandoned. The notice must contain: (i) the name of each mineral interest holder and any successors and assignees; (ii) a description of the surface with references to recorded documents; (iii) a description of the mineral interest to be abandoned; (iv) a statement that no savings events occurred within the 20 years preceding the date of service; and (v) a statement that the surface owner intends to record an affidavit of abandonment.
 5. If certified mail notice is not possible (e.g., the certified mail notice is returned undelivered or unsigned), publish notice in a newspaper of general circulation in each county in which the land is located.
 6. Confirm that one of the mineral interest holders has not recorded one of the following documents within 60 days of service or publication of the notice: a claim to preserve the mineral interest or an affidavit that identifies an event that has occurred within the 20 years preceding the date of service or publication.
 7. File in the county recorder's office an affidavit of abandonment between 30 and 60 days after the date notice was served. The affidavit must contain: (i) a statement that the person filing the affidavit is the surface owner; (ii) the volume and page number of the recorded severance deed; (iii) a statement that the mineral interest has been abandoned; (iv) the facts constituting the abandonment; and (v) a statement that notice was served on each mineral interest holder or their successors or assignees.
 Although it is unclear whether the 1989 version, 2006 version or both can be used by surface owners seeking to reacquire severed mineral interests, it is clear that the proper use of the 2006 version provides surface owners with an important tool to regain ownership of these valuable real property interests. In all, the procedural steps under the 2006 version of Ohio's Dormant Minerals Act require diligence and attention to detail, but abiding them strengthens the surface owner's claim to the mineral interests at issue.
 - R.C. 5301.56 ("Abandonment of mineral interest and vesting in owner of surface of lands"), eff. 6-30-06 ("2006 version").
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Paleo vs. Plant-based | A Debate Between Loren Cordain and T. Colin Campbell
3 min read
cordain vs. campbell Nutrition science is frustrating! A large part of this frustration is because:
 - the experts come with bias
 - the media pares down the argument into sound bites
Case in point, this Larry King Live debate between Paleo and Vegan in 2013: there's a lot of what they believe, but little scientific justification for why or how they came to their conclusions. As someone trying to learn, who am I to believe?
That's why I'm excited to share this academic debate between the two leading experts in the field: Loren Cordain and T. Colin Campbell. You can download it here: The Protein Debate with Loren Cordain and T. Colin Campbell [PDF Download]
I can't say that it's free from expert bias, but with that said, it's refreshing to read something that goes deeper into the science. You can take a look and decide for yourself.
The paper is over 30 pages long, and a bit dense, so I decided I'd highlight the main talking points below. I also included the takeaways in my latest talk Food is Confusing. Enjoy!
PS. Thanks to John Durant for sharing this with me.
Paleo vs. The China Study
What Cordain and Campbell both agree on:
 - Learning about nutrition is confusion. Being confused about nutrition is a real matter both inside and outside of the field.
 - Cow's milk (casein) and other milk products are bad for you [30]
What Cordain and Campbell disagree on:
1. The philosophy of nutrition:
 - Cordain looks to evolution as a lens for understanding nutrition
 - Campbell looks to nutrition science, and his 20 years of research on The China Study (epidemiological studies)
2. The recommended daily amount of protein
 - Cordain believes a "high protein diet" of 20-40% protein should be the norm. He cites research showing that a lean animal protein diet reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity.
 - Campbell recommends a diet of 10% protein from calories, "mostly all from whole food plants". He cites research showing that a whole food plant based diet reduces risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes.
3. On using epidemiological studies to prove
 - Cordain thinks they're bullshit. See page [9] for more details.
 - Campbell thinks that they are a valid method of doing science.
4. Loren Cordain disagrees with T. Colin Campbell's because Campbell is generalizing his "10% protein conclusion": Cordain writes, "The milk of protein (casein) when consumed at more than 10% of energy promotes liver cancer in rodents exposed to high concentrations of aflatoxin. However, this experiment can be generalized to other animal proteins, such as those founds in lean meats." [24]
5. T. Colin Campbell disagree's with Loren Cordain's evolutionary philosophy on nutrition: Campbell writes, "Our dietary evolutionary history, while interesting, absolutely does not yield critical clues for optimal nutritional practices." Campbell clarifies by adding, "Human evolution required that our ancestors make dietary choices that maximized gene proliferation. And that is absolutely the ONLY thing that such practices yielded."
Notable Quotes From The Debate
It's tricky to rely on food science because the information is always changing, updating, and being debated. Instead, we need a universal paradigm to guide us (such as like in the study of the universe we have the "Big Bang", something that most all scientists can agree on). [4, Cordain]
The first vitamin was "discovered" in 1912 and the last vitamin (b12) was identified in 1948. [4, Cordain]
The study of human nutrition remains an immature science because it lacks a universally acknowledged unifying paradigm. [4, Cordain]
Since the evolutionary split between hominins and pongids (apes) approximately 7 million years ago, the available evidence shows that all species of hominins ate an omnivorous diet composed of minimally processed, wild-plant, and animal foods. [7, Cordain]
No single procedure alone can establish cause and effect, nor can any single study prove causality. Observational epidemiological studies can only show relationships among variables and are notorious for showing conflicting results. [9, Cordain]
The evolutionary evidence indicates that so called "high protein diets" (20%-30% of total energy) and "very high protein diets" (30% – 40% total energy) actually represent the norm which conditioned the present human genome over more than 2 million years of evolutionary experience. […] Hence the current U.S. consumption of protein (15% total energy) may not optimally promote health and well being. There is now a large body of experimental evidence increasingly demonstrating that a higher intake of lean animal protein reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and osteoporosis while not impairing kidney function. [12, Cordain]
Main point: I believe that total dietary protein should be 10% of calories, with virtually all of it being in the form of plant-based protein. [20, Campbell]
If we are to buy into Colin's…10% of energy (argument), then the system that shaped our present genome necessarily had to be conditioned over eons by a low protein intake. [22, Cordain]
There is no credible fossil, archeological, anthropological, anatomical, ethnographic or biochemical evidence to show that members of our genus (Homo) routinely consumed low protein diets. [22, Cordain]
The problem with this oversimplification [regarding zero nitrogen intake as optimal, when our daily intake = outake, and that negative balance causes ill health and disease] provides no information about optimal protein requirements. [23, Cordain]
The only logical conclusion that can be reached from his series of experiments is that only the milk protein, casein, when consumed at more than 10% of energy, promotes liver cancer in rodents exposed to high concentrations of aflatoxin. His experiments cannot be generalized to other animal proteins, such as those found in lean meats. [23, Cordain]
Finally, if vegetarian diets are "as near to an ideal diet as one can get" why then do meta-analyses of all cause mortality (including cancers) in vegetarians show them to be no better off than the general public [24, Cordain]
My critique of Professor Loren Cordian's proposition almost entirely depends on my philosophy of nutrition. It is clearly different from that of Cordain's understanding of this discipline. He mocks the science of nutrition as if it has little or nothing to offer. [27, Campbell]
Cordain laments nutrition researches as not being schooled in evolutionary theory. I shall turn for advice to two professionals who were so trained. (Dr. Alan Goldhamer, and Dr. Doug Lisle). "There is an important misconception among those who attempt to use evolutionary theory to guide their thinking in questions about human nutrition: that the diet consumed in human evolutionary history is the diet that optimally serves human health. This is a serious error, and that makes major mistakes quiet possible, even likely." [Campbell]
7 Replies to "Paleo vs. Plant-based | A Debate Between Loren Cordain…"
 1. Excellent post, thanks for it. This debate fascinates me immensely and it is really hard to overcome my own beliefs to accept what science has to say, also because science is inconclusive as we can see.
 Cordain has many seemly valid points, but one thing that I must agree with Campbell is that evolutionary theory cannot be taken as the sole basis for determining our nutrition. If we should all mimic what our ancestors did to survive, we would probably not be living in the set up we are and not even be typing on a computer or mobile…
 1. You misunderstood we have to mimic but we don't. Point is that we as a specie need some nutrients as daily basis, other not so often and then some others that we should never eat… Problem is that in this time, we're having on a daily basis the thing that we should never eat, those that were supposed to be eating often are now side dish for daily basis and remember those nutrients that we needed? they're just gone! We just don't have a place for them in our daily diet so… How long do you think we could get that way?
 2. Campbells research using aflaxtoxin and casein is solid evidence that whole food plant based diet prolong life and reduced risk of degenerative diseases. Anyone disputing this science is border line Neanderthal. Pun intended.
 1. Casein? More that half the population has some bad issues with it! Some people are ok with vegetable more because they have problems digesting meat than what they really benefit from eating vegetables… They just have a digestive problem (hormonal must of it) and we should aim to that instead of giving them some other stuff forever… Iron form vegetable is not the same as the one on meat and beta carotene from plants is not like retinol found on meat… If human were forced to eat only vegetables, we could't be having this conversation.
 3. No matter what side we lean on, this is


Koy Sanjaq Syriac language
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Koy Sanjaq Surat
ܣܘܪܬ Sûrat
Native to Iraq
Region Koy Sanjaq and Armota in Arbil Province
Native speakers
800 (1995)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 kqd
Glottolog koys1242[2]
Koy Sanjaq Surat is a modern Eastern Syriac-Aramaic language. Speakers of the language call it simply Surat, or 'Syriac'. It is spoken in the town of Koy Sanjaq and its nearby village of Armota in the Arbil Province as well as in Ankawa. The speakers of Koy Sanjaq Surat have traditionally been Assyrians.
Koy Sanjaq Surat seems to be related to Senaya, which is spoken by Assyrians who originally lived east of Koy Sanjaq, in the city of Sanandaj in Iran. Not enough is known about the language to make any definite comment, but it seems that Koy Sanjaq Surat may have developed as the language of Assyrian settlers from Sanandaj. The dialect also has much more Kurdish influences then other dialects of Syriac. It does not appear to be intelligible with Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, which is spoken by co-ethnics further north, or with the Jewish Neo-Aramaic language of Lishanid Noshan, which was traditionally spoken by the Jews of Koy Sanjaq.
The Madnhâyâ version of the Syriac alphabet is used in writing, but most written material is in the Syriac language used in worship.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Koy Sanjaq Surat at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
 2. ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Koy Sanjaq Surat". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.


2. Inquiry
Students determine their own research question through intensive field observations.
Research questions from previous classes:
 - When are Big Brown Bats, Eptesicus fuscus, most active?
 - How does fungal diversity vary in each area of Green Wing?
 - How does aquatic diversity of arthropods vary among ponds at Green Wing?
 - Is number of female Red-winged Blackbirds in a male territory dependent on the size of the territory?
 - Does salamander larvae abundance differ among microhabitats (high vegetation, low vegetation, sunny areas, shady areas) and among different ponds at Green Wing?
 - Does the frequency of songbird singing vary among species and time in the morning?
 - What is the diversity of invertebrates in rotting logs?
 - What is the species richness of birds in grasslands, forest, and wetlands at Green Wing?


Social Question
ragingloli's avatar
Speculation time: Why do you think there is such a fundamental difference between visual art, and music?
Asked by ragingloli (33676 points ) January 22nd, 2013
When you look at the visual art that is most popular, they are almost exclusively depictions of objects known in the real world, or objects that resemble real life counterparts or combinations thereof. Even the most recent pinnacle of visuals, Avatar, is an example of that. Trees, animals, tall blue people, people, machines.
When you look at music however, it is mostly an arrangement of sounds that are not found in nature, and humans invented instruments to produce these sounds, from violins and pianos to modern electronic music where these sounds are further distorted.
If music where like visual art, it would be an arrangement of sounds found in the real world, like dog barks, bird song, thunder, wind, water, car engines, gun shots, wolf howls, etc, but instead they are all sounds that have been invented by humans.
Conversely, if popular visual art were like music, it would be abstract art, and Avatar would have been animated abstract art, abstract colours and shapes that have no connection to the real world moving around and morphing into different shapes.
Why do you think there is this obvious fundamental difference in the natures of visual art and music?
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7 Answers
tom_g's avatar
Great question. The best I can do is guess. Could it be that our musical instruments do in fact stimulate a response similar to things in nature? For example, might certain notes and frequencies stimulate areas of the brain that are activated during the cries of a baby or thunder or the roar of a predator? If so, it might not be that music and visual arts are so different. Rather, maybe music's route to the stimulation of pleasure, fear, etc is more direct and less apparent to us.
When we hear a baby's cry, we often associate the strong physiological response to the sound, but only as it relates to the visual baby. In other words, we don't say "that 1500 Hz frequency at 60 dB is creating a feeling of extreme discomfort in me, and I want to act in a way that will make it stop." Instead, it seems that we hear the sound, feel the discomfort, and are focused on fixing things in our "visual world". But your question leads me to ask why if I am to create art expressing the discomfort of parenthood, will a painting likely feature a baby, while a piece of music might contain violins or guitar (and no baby). Again, I'm just speculating, but I would imagine that we are using violins and guitars to stimulate the same area of the brain (or attempting to), while the only visual tools we know of involve painting/drawing/sculpting visual models of the object.
Of course, this is excluding all other areas of modern visual art. I imagine that much of this work is designed to elicit the emotional response that a visual representation of the object has traditionally done. I suspect that there are people who view this art (say, a canvas with a red dot on it) and have it go straight to those areas that we get while we listen to music. So, to summarize – my complete guess on all of this is that music is a more abstract form of art in general and a more direct route to the emotional centers in our brain, and the instruments that create this music are likely to create frequencies that we associate subconsciously with things in nature. The result of this direct path is that we are likely to miss what it is that is causing us to feel a certain way. But with visual art, most of us are "on to it". That is, we feel we can see the path that a piece will take as it makes its way into our experience of it.
Shippy's avatar
Aside from the obvious, that certain sound frequencies are more appealing to the brain, perhaps more sounds are taken from nature than we know. Rippling water, rainfall, thunder etc., all have their own rhythm. It's a great question I have no flipping idea! (Perhaps a dog bark is enjoyable, and so it is repeated in music and abstracted?).
burntbonez's avatar
I think music does use the fundamentals found in nature. The relationships between the notes are found in nature. The rhythms are found in nature. You mention the howls of dogs, among other things (car engines and gun shots are not found in nature), and you find that rise and fall of pitches and the relative pitches at various points in a howl are things that humans imitate constantly. You may not recognize it out of context. Interesting fact: many animal pitches are in the key of D minor.
Anyway, since I can't agree with your premise, I can't answer your question.
zenvelo's avatar
It is said the violin is the closest man can come to replicating the human voice. But rather than be representational, much of music is emotional. Yet something like Vivaldi's "Storm" is both.
And I am not sure there is quite the difference offered as the basis for the question. "Avatar" is junk, a cartoon. But what is classical art as anything more than emotional representation? The Venus of Willendorf is not exactly representational but an ideal and a fetish, Nude Descending a Staircase is like no nude I have ever had the pleasure of seeing.
flutherother's avatar
Great question. I think vision is the primary sense we rely on to construct a mental representation of the world. Those bits of the brain that process visual information are (I'm guessing) much more developed and sophisticated than the bits that process auditory, and other information. What we hear is important but secondary and only adds detail to the existing model of the world created by our eyes.
That being the case visual art has the richness to create the illusion of something real in our minds in a way that the representation of natural sounds can't do.
Music is different, it isn't natural but it has something of the richness of the visual experience. Why this should be is a mystery.
Unbroken's avatar
I see your point but I felt your portrayal of music left these aspects out.
When I am needing relaxation or to work on mental states I largely go to new wave or sounds of nature with underlying frequencies which aid in my entering that desired state of mind.
There are people people with perfect pitch that can tell you exactly what note a specific sound is and there is a website that where everyone records sounds from their corner of the world and people can listen to the "music."
Also instruments like drums can mimic a heart beat or running feet pounding on anything from hardened turf to wobbly floors or crisp cement. Rain and percussion are startlingly similar and the list goes on. There is a particular artist that comes to mind Marian Call that uses things like a typewriter as instruments, but really the idea is old.. washboards, spoons, glasses, bottles, chimes, bells, some artists have had their children do background "vocals" or use telephones, pink floyd, or have used animals and laugh tracks to emphasize their music. The list goes on.
To me the visual experience is fundamentally different from the musical in that it is much harder to fully immerse oneself in. The art has to either capture you so you focus or it has to fully surround you. For me a musical experience of being carried away by the music can simply be in a car or a room with good speakers, a concert hall, or simply earbuds/headphones.
mattbrowne's avatar
Humans are visual creatures. Of all the brain's resources dedicated to processing sensory input, about 80% is allocated to handling visual input.
Yet to our brain, only music is as enjoyable as sex. Visual art can't do that.
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text:
OHSU Researchers Identify Ocular Side Effects of Commonly Prescribed Drugs for Osteoporosis
03/20/03 Portland, Ore.
Drug-induced eye inflammation can cause vision loss, blindness if not caught early enough
The research, which is printed in the March 20 edition of the New England Journal of Medicine, details how two medications in a class of drugs called bisphosphonates can cause inflammation in several regions of the eye in some patients. Bisphosphonates are used to increase bone density. Loss of bone density is often caused by osteoporosis. Lung, breast or prostate cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the bones can also cause a reduction in bone density. In cancer patients, bisphosphonates are normally provided in conjunction with chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments.
"While these side effects are rare and do not occur in most patients, we consider this a major finding due to the fact that some types of eye inflammation such as scleritis, can cause vision loss or even blindness if gone untreated," explained Frederick Fraunfelder, M.D., an assistant professor of ophthalmology in the OHSU School of Medicine. "The good news for patients is that when caught early, the inflammation can be treated. It's also important to note that the inflammation will dissipate naturally by discontinuation of the medication."
Fraunfelder and his colleagues made this discovery by tracking 314 patients who were prescribed bisphosphonates and also reported eye problems. The cases were located by reviewing thousands of cases where patients were prescribed bisphosphanates. The vast majority of these patients did not suffer serious side effects.
"Of those patients who suffered side effects, almost 100 reported blurred vision while taking the medication," explained Fraunfelder. "Problems reported in other patients included pain and swelling."
Some of the patients in the study are listed in the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, a database tracked and updated by the Casey Eye Institute. Physicians worldwide use this reference. An additional database of patient information was provided by the World Health Organization.
This research was funded by Research to Prevent Blindness, a voluntary organization in support of eye research.


text:
Doorgaan naar de website
I wish to get an excel list of all the items on loan
- Laatst bijgewerkt
Opslaan als pdf
- Amlib Stockitems
- Amlib Circulation
- Navigate to Main > Stockitems > StockitemWhere.
- Select On Loan from Box 1. From Box 2 select = and in Box 3 enter Y. Click Paste.
- Click F5 Query and answer N to the message about the File.
- All items currently on loan will display.
- Highlight all the rows and go to Main > Base > Copy. This will save them to the clipboard of the computer.
- Open a new workbook in Excel. Paste the contents into the empty workbook. It is then possible to remove any columns not required.
- When performing this type of Where search be aware of the search size in Amlib. Prior to running the list it is possible to set the search size higher than the default. Go to Stockitem > Item > Query Settings > Set Search Size. Set it to the maximum (in the latest release, it is possible to set the search size to 10,000). If the maximum is reached it is possible to Continue the Query from the Table Menu or by pressing F11


Supreme Court likely to bar some US green card applicants
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court appeared ready Monday to prevent thousands of people living in the United States for humanitarian reasons from applying to become permanent residents.
The designation applies to people who come from countries ravaged by war or disaster, protects them from deportation, and allows them to work legally.
Many have lived in the US for many years, given birth to American citizens, and have put down roots in this country, their advocates say.
Legislation that would allow people who are here for humanitarian reasons to adjust their immigration status has passed the House but faces uncertain prospects in the Senate.
The case before the court involves a couple from El Salvador who has been in the country since the late 1990s.
People from 10 other countries are similarly protected.
They are Haiti, Honduras, Nepal, Nicaragua, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen.
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text:
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola
versão impressa ISSN 1516-635X
ICL, Almeida Paz et al. Study on the bone mineral density of broiler suffering femoral joint degenerative lesions. Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. [online]. 2008, vol.10, n.2, pp. 103-108. ISSN 1516-635X. _URL_
An experiment was carried out with male and females broilers of two different commercial breeds to evaluate bone mineral density of the right femur head. A number of 600 one-day-old broilers were raised in an experimental poultry house up to 42 days of age at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil. After slaughter, three males and three females in each breed in each of the established gross scores were selected. Their femora heads were submitted to gross examination, and subsequently the thighs were submitted to the Veterinary Hospital for radiographic analysis. Femora were also submitted to bone resistance, Seedor index, and dry matter content analyses. All these bone quality characteristics were different between males and females, independent of breed. Breeds presented similar behavior. It was possible to establish correlations between bone quality parameters, and confidence intervals for bone mineral density values, correlating them to femoral degeneration score, which allows characterizing femoral head lesions by radiographic optical densitometry.
Palavras-chave : Bone mineral density; broilers; femoral degeneration; femur; genetics.


text:
Sayı Duyusu Temelli Öğretimin Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Özyeterliklerine ve Performanslarına Etkisi
Alkaş Ulusoy, Çiğdem
xmlui.mirage2.itemSummaryView.MetaDataShow full item record
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of number sense based instruction on sixth grade students' self efficacies and performances. Self efficacies consist of self efficacy towards mathematics and self efficacy towards number sense. Students' mathematics performances consist of their number sense, problem solving achievement, mathematics achievement and perceiving of daily life mathematics. In this study pre-test-posttest control group design which is a quantitative research designs was used. The study was conducted in two sixth grade classes from a public school in Çankaya, Ankara in the 2012-2013 academic year, lasting total fifteen weeks including 13 weeks implementation of lesson plans and 2 weeks implementation of scales. In this process, while the students in the experimental group were passing through a number sense based instruction, the students in the control group continued with the intruction which is composed with the guidance of the text book. In the study "Numeracy Test" was used in order to determine the number sense of students. In order to measure self-efficacy towards mathematics "Self-Efficacy Perception Scale", to measure self-efficacy towards number sense "Self-Efficacy Towards Number Sense Scale", to measure awareness of daily life mathematics Mathematics in Daily Life Scale", to measure problem solving achievement "Problem Solving Test" and mathematics course final grade in order to determine mathematical achievements were used. The data were analyzed by MANOVA analysis using the SPSS 15.0 package program. The results revealed that number sense-based instruction had a significant effect on students' number sense, awareness of daily life mathematics and, problem solving achievement compared to the instruction that not based on number sense. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of their self efficacies towards mathematics and number sense and the mathematics achievement.


text:
P0125 - INSUFFICIENT COOLANT TEMPERATURE FOR CLOSED LOOP FUEL CONTROL
Description of DTC code P0125
The DTC code P0125 OBD2 means that the ECM (Engine Control Module) has detected that the heat in the cooling system is not sufficient, so that the fuel management system can take control. The ECM (Engine Control module) has a default value, so that after the engine starts, there is a coolant temperature.
Basically this diagnostic code indicates that the ECT sensor (Coolant temperature sensor) has not reached the temperature level that is needed to enter the closed loop operation in a specific time lapse.
Symptoms of fault code P0125
- Check Engine light on.
- Poor fuel economy.
- Engine overheating.
Causes of OBD2 P0125
The reasons why the code P0125 OBD II can be established are the following:
- The warm-up time may not be enough. The coolant level may be below the required level.
- Perhaps the engine coolant thermostat leaks or does not open at the proper temperature.
- The cable system from the ECT sensor (Engine Coolant Temperature) to the ECM (Engine Control module) may be defective.
- Corrosion in the Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT) connector.
- The ECT sensor may be defective.
Possible solutions of the DTC code P0125
For fault code P0125 you can follow these repair and diagnostic steps:
- First, check the coolant level.
- Proceed to check the thermostat and make sure it is opening correctly.
- Inspect the cables and connectors corresponding to the ECT sensor. Check that they are in good condition and do not wear or rub with any component. Repair or replace any of these in case of finding inconsistencies.
- You can change the Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT).


text:
the delivery of freight from the origin to the destination.
- In communication, pertaining to data that is sent to the network. See also inbound.
outbound DTE attribute
In OSI, an attributes defined by the local node to regulate communications with an adjacent node over an X.25 subnetwork. The attribute affects only the communications over the subnetwork between the local and adjacent nodes; it does not regulate end-to-end communications.
A feed that can be created to communicate to the service providers about invoices that are processed for payment. The outbound feed helps to share the invoice details for which a service provider can receive payment.
An interaction between a marketer and a customer that is initiated by the marketer. See also touchpoint.
A mapping process in which the system translates an application file format to EDI standard formats, so that documents can be sent to the partners. To translate outbound data, an import map and a system import map in the Gentran Server for Windows Application Integration subsystem are required.
outbound pool point
A pool point where the shipper sends multiple shipments to the same facility. The orders are unloaded and delivered as new shipments to their final destination. The pool point distributor manages the delivery from the pool point to the final destination (the dray leg). See also pool point.
The mechanism through which an outbound service communicates with the externally hosted web service. Messages pass between the outbound service and the external service through the appropriate port.
The total process of controlling and managing the outgoing materials from receipt of customer order, to consolidating picking tasks, to picking, packing, and finally shipment to the customer.
The process by which a calling client application uses the adapter to update or retrieve data in an enterprise information system (EIS). The adapter uses operations such as create, update, delete, and retrieve to process the request.
Pertains to outbound shipment containers into a single location. Once a shipment container is sorted at a particular location, the system suggests the same location to sort other containers of the shipment until the user manually overrides the location.
outbound two-way push pull exchange profile
An exchange profile configured to send two requests from the owner organization to the trading partner organization, a push request and a pull request. The exchange is not synchronous and the does not wait for the business application to complete the message processing.
outbound two-way synchronous exchange
An exchange from the owner organization to a trading partner organization, in which the owner organization waits for a response from the trading partner organization.
See system output definition.
- A join whose result consists of the matched rows of the two tables that were joined and the unmatched rows of one or both tables. See also full outer join, inner join, join, left outer join, right outer join.
- A join method in which a column that is not common to all of the tables being joined becomes part of the resultant table.
outgoing change set
A change set in a repository workspace that flows to a stream or to another repository workspace. An outgoing change set is present in a workspace, but not in a workspace flow target.
A record for which one or more fields have values that differ greatly from the mean. The most common criterion is that any case with a value greater than three standard deviations from the mean (in either direction) is considered an outlier.
- The structure that defines all elements of a database within the DB2 OLAP Server. For example, an outline contains definitions of dimensions, members, and formulas.
- The component of a contract template that determines the set of clauses, their sequence, and paragraph styles. See also content pane.
- Fonts whose graphic character shapes are defined by mathematical equations rather than by raster patterns. See also raster font.
- Fonts created in the format described in Adobe Type 1 Font Format, a publication available from Adobe Systems, Inc. Synonymous with Type 1 fonts.
- Pertaining to signals that are carried within the telephony signaling channel, as opposed to the voice channel. See also in-band.
- Pertaining to user-specific data that has meaning only for connection-oriented (stream) sockets. The server generally receives stream data in the same order that it was sent. OOB data is received independent of its position in the stream (independent of the order in which it was sent).
For a data set, a situation in which its allocated space is not large enough to contain more data. For a direct access storage device (DASD) or tape volume, the out-of-space condition describes the situation in which a data set on the volume cannot be extended or another data set cannot be created.
- An exit point through which an element can notify downstream elements that they can now start.
- Pertaining to a device, process, or channel involved in an output process, or to the associated data or states.
- The result of processing data. Output can be displayed, printed, stored, or passed to another process.
In the Map Designer, a card that contains the complete definition of an output for the map including information such as target identification, destination specifics and the behavior that should occur during processing.
Data resulting from computer processing. See also input data.
Output Delivery System (ODS)
A method of controlling the destination for output within SAS. ODS can route SAS output to a SAS data file, a text listing file, HTML files, and files optimized for high-resolution printing.
In document processing, a machine-readable collection of lines of text or images that have been formatted or otherwise processed. An output document can be printed, or it can be filed for future processing.
A field specified in a display file, database file, printer file, or ICF file that is reserved for the information processed by a program. See also input field.
- In COBOL, a file that is opened in either the output mode or extend mode.
- A database or device file that is opened with the option to allow records to be written.
- A file that contains the results of processing.
In RPG, an indicator used to define the conditions under which an output record or an output field in the output specifications is written. An output indicator must be previously defined before it is used in the output specifications.
A field specified in a database, display, or ICF file that can be used for both the information supplied to the program and the information received from the program during processing.
- An open mode in which records can be written to a file.
- In COBOL, the state of a file after running an OPEN statement, with the OUTPUT or EXTEND phrase specified for that file, and before running a CLOSE statement, without the REEL or UNIT phrase specified for that file.
- A mechanism that can direct sequence information about ordered products to a printer or a file.
- An object that contains a list of spooled files to be written to an output device, such as a printer or a diskette. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *OUTQ.
A record that represents UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE SQL statements, and contains database output fields. Output record fields represent the columns Sterling B2B Integrator is updating or inserting and the key to the affected row or rows. Output records can be created on both the input and output sides of a map and cannot be referenced by standard rules or links.
A screen that a user navigates to based on data entry and keystrokes in a 3270 application. In the 3270 terminal service recorder, the access route from one screen to another can be recorded and saved in a dialog file.
- A service that sends data to external systems.
- A function that handles output from jobs. When a job's data sets are passed to the output service, each data set is placed on the output queue to be processed.
- In RJE, data received from the host system to the attached devices (for example, control characters, data files, and messages). See also input stream.
- Messages and other output data that an operating system or a processing program displays on output devices.
See output device.
See output service.
The unintentional modeling of chance variations in data, leading to models that do not work well when applied to other data sets. Bagging and cross-validation are two methods for detecting or preventing overfitting. See also bagging, cross-validation.
- In a register, the loss of one or more of the leftmost whole-number digits because the result of an operation exceeded the size of the register.
- The condition that occurs when data cannot fit in the designated field.
- A condition that occurs when a portion of the result of an operation exceeds the capacity of the intended unit of storage. See also exponent-overflow exception, fixed-point overflow exception.
In an HDAM or PHDAM database, the area in which IMS stores data when the root addressable area does not have enough space for a segment. See also root addressable area.
- A condition that occurs when the overflow line on a page has been printed or passed.
- A condition that occurs when a portion of an operation's result exceeds the capacity of the intended unit of storage.
In RPG, an indicator that signals when the overflow line on a page has been printed or passed. The indicator (OV and OA through OF) can be used to specify which lines are to be printed on the next page.
overflow sequential access method (OSAM)
An IMS data management access method that combines selected characteristics of basic sequential access method (BSAM) and basic direct access method (BDAM) for handling data overflow from indexed sequential access method (ISAM).
overflow storage group
A storage management subsystem (SMS) storage group used to satisfy allocations for which there is no space in the primary storage group. The overflow storage group is also known as a spill storage group.
A coupling facility list structure that contains shared queues when the primary structure reaches a user-specified overflow threshold. The overflow structure is optional. See


text:
Menachos 78 - HOW WE LEARN TO
1) HOW WE LEARN TO "MATZAH"
(a) (Beraisa): "Tihyenah" (teaches about Lachmei Todah.)
(b) Question: How do we learn from this?
(c) Answer (R. Yitzchak bar Avodimi): It is written with an extra Yud (hinting at 10 Esronim.)
(d) Question: Perhaps it teaches that 10 Kefizim (a smaller measure) are used!
(e) Answer (Rava): The verse discusses Esronim.
(f) (Beraisa) Question: This teaches that 10 are used for the Chametz - what is the source for the Matzah?
1. Answer: "Al Chalos Lechem Chametz" - the Matzah has as much flour as the Chametz.
(g) Question: Something learned from a Hekesh (Chametz, from Shtei ha'Lechem) cannot teach to something else (Matzah) through a Hekesh!
(h) Version #1 - Answer #1: This is a case of a Hekesh and something else;
1. (Tosfos: The Shi'ur of Chametz is not learned entirely from a Hekesh - we also needed "Tihyenah"; alternatively, the Hekesh only taught the size of each loaf, the number of loaves was learned from Terumas Ma'aser through a Gezerah Shavah; alternatively, Terumas Ma'aser is Chulin, we may learn Hekesh mi'Hekesh from Chulin.
2. Rashi: The matter learned from a Hekesh (one Isaron per loaf) is not what is taught through another Hekesh, rather, the Shi'ur of all the loaves together.)
(i) Version #2 - Rashi - Answer #1: Is this a case of a Hekesh teaching about something else?! (No, it teaches about another part of the same Korban;) (end of Version #2)
1. Therefore, it is not considered a Hekesh (to disallow learning Hekesh mi'Hekesh.)
(j) Question: This is according to the opinion that a Hekesh and something else is not considered a Hekesh;
1. According to the opinion that it is, how can we answer?
(k) Answer #2: "Tavi'u" is not needed to teach about Shtei ha'Lechem, it was written solely to teach about Todah, we do not consider Todah to be learned from a Hekesh.
2) THE "MILU'IM"
(a) (Mishnah): The Milu'im breads were of the three varieties of Matzah found in Todah, i.e. Chalos, Rekikim and Revichah;
(b) Lachmei Nazir are two of the three varieties of Matzah found in Todah, Chalos and Rekikim, but not Revichah;
(c) Lachmei Nazir consist of 10 Yerushalmi Kavim, this equals six Esronim and a fraction (two thirds of an Isaron.)
(d) (Gemara) Question: What is the source of this?
(e) Answer #1 (Rav Chisda): "Umi'Sal ha'Matzos Asher Lifnei Hash-m Lakach Chalas Matzah Achas v'Chalas Lechem Shemen Achas v'Rakik Echad."
1. Question: Clearly, "Chalah" and "Rakik" are just like we find in Lachmei Todah - but what is "Chalas Lechem Shemen Achas"?
2. Suggestion: This is Revuchah (it is called 'Lechem Shemen' because it has more oil than Chalos or Rekikim.)
(f) Objection (Rav Avya): Perhaps it is a cake of congealed oil! (Alternatively - a thick piece of dough fried in oil!)
(g) Answer #2 (Rav Nachman bar Rav Chisda) Question: "Zeh Korban Aharon u'Vanav Asher Yakrivu la'Sh-m b'Yom Himashach Oso" - what Korban do Aharon's son's bring on account of their father's anointment?!
1. Answer: This equates a regular Kohen's Minchas Chinuch (that he brings the first time he does Avodah) to the Minchah a Kohen Gadol brings upon being anointed (and every day afterwards, i.e. Chavitim), i.e. Revuchah.
(h) (Rav Chisda): A Kohen Gadol brings two Menachos, each is one Isaron, upon being anointed - one on account of anointment, one is his Chinuch (on account of his first Avodah as Kohen Gadol.)
(i) (Mar bar Rav Ashi): He brings three.
(j) They do not argue - Rav Chisda discusses a Kohen who previously served as a Hedyot, Mar bar Rav Ashi discusses one who never served before (so he must also bring Minchas Chinuch of a regular Kohen.)
(k) (Mishnah): Lachmei Nazir are two of the three varieties of Matzah in Todah.
(l) (Beraisa): (Regarding Todah it says) "Shelamav" - this includes Ayil Nazir, its breads resemble Lachmei Todah, they consist of 10 Yerushalmi Kavim of Soles and a quarter Log of oil;
1. Suggestion: Perhaps this teaches that all three kinds of Matzah in Lachmei Todah are brought!
2. Rejection: "Matzos".
3. Question: How do we learn this from the verse?
4. Answer #1 (Rav Papa): We include those Lachmei Todah regarding which it says "Matzos" - it does not say "Matzos" regarding Revuchah.
5. Answer #2 (Tana d'vei R. Yishmael): "Matzos" is a Klal, "Chalos" and "Rakikei" are Pratim - from a Klal and Prat we only learn the Pratim, Chalos and Rekikim.
3) SLAUGHTER IS "MEKADESH" THE BREAD
(a) (Mishnah): If Lachmei Todah were outside the wall (this will be explained) when the Todah was slaughtered inside, the bread is not Mekudash;
(b) If at the time of slaughter the bread had not yet formed a crust in the oven, even if only one of the loaves did not have a crust, the bread is not Mekudash.
(c) (Gemara) Question: What does it mean 'outside the wall'?
(d) Answer #1 (R. Yochanan): It means, outside the wall of Beis Pagi (Rashi Kesav Yad - outside of Yerushalayim; Rambam - outside of Har ha'Bayis.)
(e) Answer #2 (Reish Lakish): It was outside the wall of the Azarah.
(f) (Todah must be slaughtered "Al Chalos Lechem Chametz".)
(g) Reish Lakish holds that "Al" connotes nearby, therefore, if the bread was outside of the Azarah, it does not become Kodesh;
(h) R. Yochanan says that if it was outside Beis Pagi does not become Kodesh, but if it was within Beis Pagi, even though it was outside of the Azarah, it becomes Kodesh - "Al" does not connote nearby.
(i) Question: They argued about this elsewhere!
1. (Mishnah): ("Lo Sizbach Al Chametz Dam Zivchi") - a Lav forbids slaughtering Korban Pesach before eradicating Chametz;
2. R. Yehudah says, the Lav also applies to slaughtering the Tamid (on the afternoon of Erev Pesach.)
3. (Reish Lakish): He is not liable unless there was Chametz in the Azarah belonging to the slaughterer, the one who did Zerikah, or an owner of the Korban;
4. (R. Yochanan): He is liable even if the Chametz was not in the Azarah.
(j) They must argue in both cases:
1. If they argued only about slaughtering, one might have thought that there R. Yochanan does not require the Chametz to be nearby, for one transgresses (Bal Yera'eh and Bal Yimatzei) wherever the Chametz is, but Lachmei Todah must be in the Azarah;
2. If they argued only about Lachmei Todah, one might have thought that there Reish Lakish requires them to be nearby, but he would agree that "Lo Sizbach" applies even if the Chametz is far away, for wherever it is, one transgresses.
(k) Support (for R. Yochanan - Beraisa): If Todah was slaughtered inside, and the bread was outside the wall of Beis Pagi, the bread is not Mekudash.
(l) (Mishnah): If


text: Laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) is a modification of conventional CVD using a laser heat source. The film growth characteristics differ considerably from conventional CVD in several ways, however. The use of an optical heat source means that the optical properties of the film/substrate system must be considered, e.g., for metals deposited on absorbing substrates, the film thickness and diameter may "self-limit" in some cases because the deposited film reflects most of the laser energy. On the other hand, the small area heated in LCVD results in a different diffusion geometry and access to higher surface temperatures than are achievable when large areas are heated. For favorable reactant systems, these enhancement effects can yield fast deposition rates and line deposition scan speeds greater than 10 cm/sec. This paper will review results of pulsed and cw LCVD of predominantly metal films using visible and infrared lasers.


Current Affairs MCQ 18th MAY 2021
Current Affairs For 18th MAY 2021
01. Who among the following has been appointed as the
UN Humanitarian chief?
a) Martin Griffiths
b) John Holmes
c) Kenzo Oshima
d) Stephen O'Brien
Answer: a.
Explanation: Veteran British diplomat Martin Griffiths has been appointed as the new Chief at the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), for a period of five years.
- He will replace Mark Lowcock, a Briton who has served as undersecretary-general for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief coordinator for four years.
- He is currently serving as the United Nations Special Envoy for Yemen.
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) aims to strengthen the international response to complex emergencies and natural disasters.
02. Government of which of the following state constituted high power advisory committee on COVID-19?
a) Rajasthan
b) Odisha
c) Kerala
d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: b.
Explanation: Odisha government has constituted a high power advisory committee on COVID-19.
- The committee, comprising of eminent doctors and scientists will aid and advise the state
government on vaccination, infrastructure expansion and combat readiness for future covid waves.
- The state government has also floated a global tender to procure 3.8 crore doses of vaccines for universal vaccination against COVID-19.
03. India and which of the following country agreed to work towards increasing COVID-19 vaccine availability and saving lives?
a) United States
b) Russia
c) New Zealand
d) Singapore
Answer: a.
Explanation: Commerce and Industry Minister, Piyush Goyal held a virtual meeting with US Trade Representative Ambassador Katherine Tai.
- Both the ministers discussed measures to enhance COVID-19 vaccine production.
- The meeting focused on increasing vaccine availability in an inclusive and equitable manner to combat the
global pandemic caused by Covid-19.
- The proposal of India on waiver of certain Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights provisions to increase global vaccine production were also discussed.
- Both sides agreed to work towards the common resolve of increasing vaccine availability and saving lives.
04. Paris city council has put forward plan to drastically reduce car traffic in centre of French capital by which year?
a) 2025
b) 2022
c) 2030
d) 2050
Answer: b.
Explanation: A plan to drastically reduce car traffic in the centre of the French capital Paris by 2022 has been put forward by the city council.
- The scheme would ban through traffic in four central districts, giving priority instead to cyclists, pedestrians,
and public transport.
- Low-traffic zones will result in a less polluted, greener, more peaceful and safer city.
- Residents and businesses would still be allowed to drive in the central area, but through traffic would be
- The scheme followed the example of other cities such as Madrid, Nantes, and Rome.
05. Which among the following country successfully landed its rover Zhu Rong on Mars?
a) Russia
b) United Arab Emirates
c) China
d) Japan
Answer: c.
Explanation: China has successfully landed its rover Zhu Rong on Mars. It successfully landed in the Utopia Plain in southern part of Mars on after seven months of space travel and three months in orbit.
- Zhu Rong is part of China's first spacecraft for Mars, Tianwen-1, which was launched in July 2020 with
three parts – orbiter, lander and rover.
06. Sunil Jain, who passed away at the age of 58 years, was a well-known for the which of the following profession?
a) Social activist
b) Journalist
c) Politician
d) Director
Answer: b.
Explanation: Eminent journalist and Managing Editor of Financial Express, Sunil Jain passed away due to Covid- 19 related complications.
- He was the son of former Times of India Editor Girilal Jain.
- He was an alumni of the Delhi School Economics and Hindu College.
- He started his journalism career with India Today as a business editor after a brief tenure at FICCI as an export policy expert.
- He also worked with Business Standard for eight years, before returning to the Express Group with The Financial Express in 2010.
07. National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA), located in which State/UT will start month long online summer workshopNAIMISHA 2021?
a) Chandigarh
b) Goa
c) New-Delhi
d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: c.
Explanation: National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) is the premier art gallery under Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
- The main museum at Jaipur House in New Delhi was established on 29 March 1954 by the Government of India.
- It will start a month long online summer workshopNAIMISHA 2021.
- This unique art fiesta will provide a platform to create and engage with the arts.
- The workshops have been designed on painting, sculpture, print making and videography and puppeteering and other related arts.
08. Which among the following state observes its 'Statehood Day' on
May 16?
a) Assam
b) Himachal Pradesh
c) Rajasthan
d) Sikkim
Explanation: Sikkim is located in the northeastern part of the country, in the eastern Himalayas and is one of the
smallest states in India.
- Sikkim Foundation Day is observed in India every year to commemorate the day when it became part of the Indian Union.
- On 16 May 1975, Sikkimone of India's Seven Sister states, officially became a part of the country abolishing the long rule of monarchy.
- Sikkim was made a part of India under the 35th Constitutional Amendment Act.
09. Who among the following chaired the review meeting to assess preparedness of States and UTs to deal with Cyclone Tauktae?
a) Piyush Goyal
b) Narendra Modi
c) Amit Shah
d) Rajnath Singh
Answer: c.
Explanation: Union Home Minister Amit Shah chaired a review meeting with the Chief Ministers of Gujarat, Maharashtra & Administrator of Daman & Diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli.
- The meeting aimed to assess preparedness of States, UTs and Central Ministries and
Agencies concerned to deal with the situation arising out of Cyclone Tauktae.
- He reviewed the preparedness of all the health facilities especially adequate power
backup arrangements in all COVID hospitals in the areas likely to be impacted by the
10. Who among the following has been appointed as the nominee director on board of Bank of India?
a) Kalpana Morparia
b) Shikha Sharma
c) Narayanan Vaghul
d) Vandita Kaul
Answer: d.
Explanation: Government has appointed Vandita Kaul, additional secretary in the Finance Ministry, as the nominee director on board of Bank of India.
- Bank said it has received the communication from the Finance Ministry about her nomination on May 13, 2021.
- Bank of India has a total of eight members on its board, including the MD and CEO Atanu Kumar Das, its four executive directors, one nominee director each from the government and the RBI and one shareholder director.


text:
When Professor Peter Hancock Puts on His Thinking Cap, He Creates a Brainstorm Under His Bonnet
An assistant professor of safety science and human factors at the University of Southern California, Hancock says that scientists have known that heating a person's body one degree centigrade causes him to perform faster. But at the same time this temperature rise causes him to make more errors. Hancock's challenge, therefore, was to design a cap that would turn a person into a "hothead" without causing heat stress in the body.
Apparently Hancock's head-dress works. When he tested subjects for reaction time, visual-search ability, time estimation and simple mathematics, people with the hat on did 5 to 15 percent better than a control group not wearing the hat. (Heating the head only½ degree centigrade seemed to make people react faster, but their error rate also went up.)
The son of a school principal, Hancock was born in Berkeley, near Shakespeare's birthplace of Stratford-upon-Avon. He moved to the U.S. seven years ago and received a Ph.D. in motor performance, an applied psychology degree, from the University of Illinois at Champaign in 1983. He and wife Frances, a community college lecturer, have a daughter, Susan, 5. His USC office is laden with motorcycle helmets, including numbered ones from fatal bike accidents. Hancock takes pride that research at USC's Safety Science and Human Factors Department has vastly improved helmet safety and thereby saved lives.
Hancock, who doesn't plan to market his clever invention, entreats other scientists to test the thinking cap. "There's a lot of benefit to having similar results coming out of different laboratories," he says. But, he emphasizes, this is an experimental procedure. "It won't do you any good to just heat your head and expect to get smarter," he warns. "And if you increase the temperature too fast, it could cause a severe headache. So don't try this technology yourself. Don't even think about it."


text:
Jump to navigation Jump to search
|Look up switching in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
Switching may refer to:
Computing and technology
- Switching, functions performed by a switch:
- Switching, a synonym for shunting in rail transport
- Switching (ecology), a pattern of predation describing predators's selection of food based on its abundance
- Switching (film), a 2003 Danish interactive film
- Code-switching, of languages
- Immunoglobulin class switching, an immunological mechanism that changes the type of antibody produced by B cells
- Task switching (psychology), an experimental research paradigm used in cognitive psychology
| disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Switching.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


Culinary Secrets for Making the Perfect Salads and Appetizers
- Before use, wash the vegetables very thoroughly. When washing them in a bowl, add salt. This prevents the loss of minerals and easily removes insects on them. Next, rinse the salad ingredients under running water.
- Stew the vegetables you intend to use for a warm salad in just a little bit of water, so they don't burn, lose their taste, nutritional value and color.
- Bitter cucumbers need to be peeled well. Their bitterness is concentrated in their ends.
- When using onions to decorate a salad, you can get an amazing-looking and tasty result if you divide the sliced onions into rings and roll them in paprika and finely chopped dill or parsley.
- If you have to save already peeled potatoes from darkening for another 4-5 hours, place them in a plastic bag, tie it well and put them in the fridge.
- Never soak fresh mushrooms in water. Instead, wash them as quickly as possible under running water and place them in water with vinegar, so they don't lose their color.
- Leafy vegetables and tubers will last longer if you store them wrapped in a moist towel in a cool area.
- To freshen up leafy vegetables, dip them in cool water with lemon juice added in.
- Appetizers are added to a menu to whet one's appetite and always served before the main course. They are not intended for you to fill up on and need to be served in small quantities but also have to be varied.
- Serve cold appetizers before soup, serve warm appetizers after the cold ones when there is no soup. When serving soup after appetizers, be sure that they don't have ingredients with a sharp taste, so that the true flavor of the soup can be tasted.
- Suitable appetizers include salads made of raw and heat treated fruits and vegetables, marinated or salted mushrooms, meat, crabs and others.
- Appetizers need to be prepared and served in such a way so that there's no need of a knife prior to consumption. Warm appetizers are usually served in the container they were cooked in.
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text:
How to Make the Nordic Region Carbon-Neutral
The IEA has started a new regional technology study that helps determine the best way to make the Nordic region carbon-neutral by 2050. According to the research, around 3,000 offshore wind turbines will need to be in use in the region in order for success.
It is possible for the Nordic region to be completely carbon-neutral, but big changes in its energy sector will need to take place first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has reported in the first regional edition of its flagship technology publication, Energy Technology Perspectives, that these changes include a ten-fold increase in wind generation and an end to all use of coal and significant electrification of transport.
The new report expands on the Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 global scenarios for energy policies that would limit average global temperature increase to 2°C. Nordic Energy Technology Perspectives outlines the opportunities and challenges for the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway – a major fossil fuel exporter – and Sweden to use their rich renewable energy resources to transform their landscape and economy, with 10,000 onshore and 3,000 offshore wind turbines and the region exporting 75% of its new power generation.
In order to become carbon-neutral, emissions from transportation must fall by nearly 90% from current levels, with nine in ten new light vehicles in 2050 being pure electric or hybrid and most freight transport going by rail or running on biofuels. The transportation sector will be the hardest to decarbonize due to the sparse population of the trade-intensive Nordic countries, but transportation costs should not rise significantly as reduced demand and higher efficiency will lower fuel bills.


text:
Bulgarian Chitalishte (Community Cultural Centre): practical experience in safeguarding the vitality of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Selected in 2017 on the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices
Bulgarian chitalishta (cultural community centres) are uniformly distributed across the whole territory of Bulgaria. They are established by communities themselves and are open to everyone irrespective of age, gender, political and religious views. The first chitalishta were established in 1856, and they have been recognized as a key organizational unit of Bulgarian society ever since. In accordance with the Chitalishta Act of 1996, chitalishta are non-governmental self-regulatory organizations. By law, they perform cultural and educational activities aimed at safeguarding the customs and traditions of Bulgarian people, ensuring access to information, distributing knowledge and familiarizing citizens with the values and achievements of science, arts and culture. Chitalishta are central to the process of transmitting intangible cultural heritage in the country, with elderly members playing a key role in encouraging young people to get involved. The efficiency of chitalishte is demonstrated by their increasing numbers over the years and the growing numbers of participants in their activities, representing all ages and population groups. With a view to popularizing and presenting intangible cultural heritage, chitalishta organize festivals, celebrations, gatherings, exhibitions and so on, and one innovative approach for developing chitalishta is the establishment of local centres for documenting, archiving and handing over knowledge and skills.


Home Heritage Useful Scots words Useful Scots word: peelie-wally
Useful Scots word: peelie-wally
by Betty Kirkpatrick
Picture: paukrus
Picture: paukrus
Many of us who have a Celtic genetic inheritance have very fair skins. Usually this creates no problems and a fair skin can be a decided beauty asset. Pale skin looks fine against a background of its native heath, but transfer it to a sun-baked foreign beach and things change dramatically. Pale skin can stand out like an unfortunate sore thumb when surrounded by a sea of bronzed bodies. The Scots word peelie-wally springs to mind.
Peelie-wally, also spelt peelie-wallie and with wally pronounced to rhyme with sally, can mean pale, but in this sense it is far from being a compliment. You might describe a flawless porcelain complexion as pale, but you are very unlikely to describe it as peelie-wally. Rather, peelie-wally means pallid or washed-out looking, like the odd pale body among a multitude of sun-tanned ones.
Peelie-wally is often used to refer to the kind of paleness that accompanies ill health. If a child is looking peelie-wally it is often a sign of impending sickness of some kind. In fact, peelie-wally can mean ill-looking or sickly or, by extension, thin or feeble.
Things as well as people can be described as peelie-wally when something colourless or insipid is being referred to. For example, you might refer to the beige décor of someone's house as peelie-wally if you are the sort of person who prefers strong colours. Or you might criticize the pastel colours of someone's dress as being too peelie-wally. If you like a strong cup of tea you might describe a weaker form of the beverage as peelie-wally.
An activity or performance of some kind can also be referred to as peelie-wally when it lacks vigour or vitality. Not surprisingly, this use usually occurs in connection with Scotland's obsession with football. Apparently there are many instances of peelie-wally performances on the pitch.
The expression peelie-wally started life out simply as peelie. This is likely to have a connection with the Scots word palie meaning sickly, listless, delicate or stunted in growth and palie is, in turn, likely to be connected with English pale.
However, it has been suggested that the origin of the peelie of peelie-wally may be imitative of a kind of whining, feeble noise made by people who are ill. As for the wally, it may just have been added for effect and may have been influenced by the Scots word paewae meaning pallid, sickly or insipid. The suggestion that there is a connection with the whiteness of wallie, meaning china or porcelain, seems less likely.
But back to our sun-baked beach. There is good news for the peelie-wally. Now that over-exposure to the sun is known to cause major skin problems, official health advice is to cover up in the sun. There is now no need to reveal yourself in all your peelie-wally glory on the beach. In any case, the peelie-wally skin does not bronze. It just goes an unattractive shade of red.
 - Anither Rab
 A've heard tell that in India "peelah wallah" (no shair aboot the spellin) means "pale man" an wis yaised tae descrive a body that wis no weel an the expression wis brocht hame bi Scottish sodgers as "peelie-wally".
 - Ostrakon
 You may be on to something…the expression is Pilau Wallah, used by Indians for a white or yellow coloured man.
 I suppose it would all come down to the first recorded usage of the expression Peely-Wally and whether it preceded the addition of the Indian subcontinent to the British Empire
 - _URL_ theresa mccardle
 Thank you Betty Kirkpatrick for a consistently informative and witty column on Scots words. As one educated in Scottish schools that frowned on the use of the "mither tongue" as coarse, I am delighted to savour the flavour of Scots as it is still spoken. The column on "peely-wally" filled me with the glow of approval. Theresa McCardle