Two-spotted awl runner
from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Two-spotted awl runner
Two-spotted awl runner
Two-spotted awl runner
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera)
Family : Ground beetle (Carabidae)
Subfamily : Trechinae
Genre : Philochthus
Type : Two-spotted awl runner
Scientific name
Philochthus biguttatus
( Fabricius, 1779)
The twospotted Ahlenläufer ( Philochthus biguttatus, Syn.: Bembidion biguttatum ), also called the Great Marsh Ahlenläufer, is a ground beetle from the subfamily Trechinae.
The species is classified as not endangered in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and in the states of Baden-Württemberg and Saxony-Anhalt.
Notes on the name
The species was first described by Fabricius in 1779 under the name Carabus biguttatus. The description contains the characterization macula apicis pallida ( lat. The spots at the end of the elytra are pale). The number of these spots is expressed in the species name biguttatus (Latin "with two drop spots") and in the addition "two spots" to the German name. However, there are several similar species that also have two points on the elytra, on the other hand the spots can also be missing.
The generic name Philochthus is from ancient Gr. φίλος phílos "friend" and ὄχθος óchthos "hill" derived and indicates that the species can be found on mountains under stones. However, this is less true of this species.
The genus Philochthus was not established until 1828. It contains eighteen species that are all found in Europe.
Front view
Fig. 1: Front view
Fig. 2: shoulder
Fig. 3: Head Fig. 4: Pronotum
Wing cover
Fig. 5: Wing cover, base on the left
green: end of the seventh dot stripe
yellow arrow: missing edge
blue arrow: front bristle point in the third interval
Fig. 6: Bottom
Characteristics of the beetle
The black beetle grows to around four millimeters. The first link of the thread-shaped eleven-link feeler, the legs and some of the buttons are amber.
The mouthparts point forward, the end links of the jaw probes sit like a pin in the club-shaped thickened penultimate link. (Name Ahlenläufer, Fig. 1). This feature distinguishes all species of the Bembidiini tribe, which is why they were previously listed as the subfamily Bembidiinae. The forehead is furrowed lengthways next to the eye rims. The longitudinal furrows encompass two pore points above each eye, in which the two bristles above the eye (supraorbital ligament) arise (Fig. 3).
On the side edge of the slightly arched pronotum there are two bristle points on each side, the first in front of the half, the second near the base of the pronotum (Fig. 4, black arrowheads on the right). The side edges are evenly bent outwards up to the rear bristle point, and the two rear bristle points are about the same distance apart as the pronotum front edge is wide. Behind the second bristle point, the pronotum is tied off in a concave, neck-like manner. The posterior angles are obtuse but distinct (Fig. 2).
The wing covers have a short row of dots next to the label and seven further rows of dots that become indistinct towards the end. The outermost row of dots (Fig. 5, highlighted in green on the right) is only slightly weaker than the one next to it. Towards the end the wing covers are lightened brownish and each wing cover bears a yellowish spot (pre-apical spot) before the end. Of the two pore points in the third interval, the front one lies in front of the middle of the wing cover (Fig. 5, blue tinted arrow). At the end of the wing there is no keel in the eighth furrow (Fig. 5, yellow-tinted arrow). The side edge of the wing cover does not bend backwards at the base (Fig. 2 and 5).
The moisture-loving species occurs regularly in Central Europe in muddy places in arable fields or grassland, mainly after heavy rainfall, which explains the name "Marsh Ahlenläufer". The beetles are most common in May and early June. It is counted among the river marsh types. and prefers shady spots in stagnant and slowly flowing water.
The species is mostly common in Central Europe. The distribution area extends from southern Europe to southern northern Europe and from there to western Siberia.
 - Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe. tape 2. Adephaga 1. Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich 1976, ISBN 3-87263-025-3.
Individual evidence
 1. a b Philochthus biguttatus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 14, 2011
 2. Red lists at BioNetworkX
 3. JCFabricius: Species insectorvm exhibentes eorvm differentias specificas, synonyma avctorvm, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibvs, descriptionibvs, Bd.I Hamburg, Kiel 1781 first description p. 323, 68th genus, 83rd Art
 4. Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
 5. Philochthus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved March 20, 2013
 6. Species of the genus Philochthus at BioLib
 7. ^ Woog, Dieter. (2009) Investigation of the ground beetle fauna on the farm areas of an ecologically working farm in Northwest Mecklenburg Virgo, bulletin of the Entomological Association Mecklenburg 12th year, issue 1, pp. 47–53 as PDF
 8. Technical documents of the State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg: Soil as a habitat for soil organisms; Soil biological site classification (literature study), online: PDF (22.3 MB)
 9. Polish koleopterologische page
Web links
Commons : Zweifleckiger Ahlenläufer - Album with pictures, videos and audio files


text:
Recycling (yellow lid)
What days are my bins collected?
Waste Hotline: 8295 5077
Your recycling (yellow lid) bin is collected fortnightly on the same day as your waste (blue lid) bin (alternate week to your organics bin). Please refer to your collection calendar.
What CAN go in the recycling (yellow lid) bin?
- Paper and cardboard (newspapers, magazines, junk mail, envelopes, egg cartons, cardboard boxes - flattened);
- Liquid paperboard cartons (eg juice & milk cartons - rinsed);
- Glass bottles and jars (rinsed and lids off - lids need to be put in the waste (blue lid) bin);
- Aluminium and steel cans;
- All rigid plastic containers (eg plastic drink bottles, detergent bottles, yoghurt, icecream and margarine containers - rinsed and lids off).
- Remove all lids from jars, bottles and plastic containers before putting them in the recycling (yellow lid) bin;
- Rinse containers as necessary - save water by using left over dishwater;
- Place recycling loose into your recycling (yellow lid) bin;
- Leave newspapers and cardboard unbundled and loose in the recycling (yellow lid) bin;
- Do not put your recycling in plastic bags;
- Keep recyclables of different materials separate from one another eg do not place cans in boxes;
- Videotapes, strapping, string, rope, soft plastics and chip packets can get caught in machinery, causing breakdowns at the Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) so please put these items into the waste (blue lid) bin.
Further information on recycling
For more handy recycling tips click on the link below to watch a short video:
A spring clean that is green
What CAN'T go in the recycling (yellow lid) bin?
- No plastic bags;
- No car parts or gas bottles;
- No garden waste;
- No food scraps;
- No nappies;
- No mirrors, light globes or window glass;
- DO NOT put your recycling into plastic bags.
Recycle products to save natural resources;
Close the loop and buy recycled products;
Use your recycling (yellow lid) bin to recycle your household recyclables.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
EVERYONE CAN COLOR A MOTH!
- Print and color any moth you like from the book which you can find at this link.
- You can use a moth guide book (Click here for suggested books) to color the moth whose name is shown or make up your own name with your own colors.
If you want your colored moth to be featured on our website:
- Be sure to write your own name (first name is OK), your age, your town and country on the colored page
- Scan or take a photo of your picture
- Email your picture to us as an attachment in jpg format at info @ nationalmothweek.org

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Background: Associations between levels of sedentary behavior and depressive symptoms independently and in combination with different levels of physical activity remain unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to examine independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with depressive symptoms among Japanese adults. Method: An Internet-based survey collected data on depression levels (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), self-reported time spent in PA and SB (Japanese short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and sociodemographic variables from 2,914 adults in 2009. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the odds ratios (ORs) for being depressed (depression scores ≥16) according to independent PA levels (none, insufficient, sufficient), SB levels (low, moderate, high), and nine combinations of PA and SB categories. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, sufficient PA level was found to be related to lower risk of depressive symptoms independently (OR = 0.61), whereas no significant associations were observed between SB levels and depression. In the combined associations, adults in the sufficient PA/high SB (OR = 0.44), sufficient PA/moderate SB (OR = 0.56), and sufficient PA/low SB (OR = 0.57) categories were significantly less likely to have depressive symptoms in comparison with the no PA/high SB category. Conclusion: Meeting physical activity recommendations is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms, regardless of time spent in total sedentary behavior. These results suggest that promoting physical activity may be an effective strategy against depressive symptoms among Japanese adults.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Applied Psychology


Wednesday, 14 March 2012
Ordnance Survey Data Importer Coordinate Conversion Accuracy
Update 13 March 2013: Please see latest blog post (fix) on this here.
Thanks to a comment on my original post around my project that imports Ordnance Survey CodePoint data into SQL Server, I was made aware of a potential issue with the (awesome) third party GeoCoordConversion DLL I use to convert the Eastings/Northings coordinates supplied in the Ordnance Survey data files, into Latitude/Longitude coordinates. The issue relates to an inaccuracy in the conversion process, specifically to do with integer divisions instead of double.
So, this blog post is to document my analysis of that and try to quantify what, if any, impact there is on the accuracy of the conversion of Eastings/Northings to Latitude/Longitude. So what I've done is:
 1. Import the Ordnance Survey data set using the released version ( of the GeoCoordConversion library (i.e. the version my project uses)
 2. Downloaded the source code for GeoCoordConversion and corrected the parts of the calculations where the raised issue noted an inaccuracy
 3. Reran the data import into a separate table using the "corrected" conversion code
 4. Ran the following query to try and quantify how much of a difference it actually makes:
 SELECT orig.OutwardCode, orig.InwardCode,
 orig.GeoLocation.STDistance(new.GeoLocation) Dist
 FROM PostCodeData orig
 JOIN PostCodeDataWithFix new ON orig.InwardCode = new.InwardCode
 AND orig.OutwardCode = new.OutwardCode
SELECT MIN(Dist) AS MinDifferenceInMetres,
 MAX(Dist) AS MaxDifferenceInMetres,
 AVG(Dist) AS AverageDifferenceInMetres,
 SUM(CASE WHEN Dist = 0 THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS NumberOfDifferences
The MAXIMUM distance between the 2 conversions for a given postcode is: 124.9 metres.
The MINIMUM distance between the 2 conversions for a given postcode is: 0 metres.
The AVERAGE distance between the 2 conversions for a given postcode is: 2.5 metres.
The TOTAL NUMBER of differences was 1,652,458 (out of 1,705,177 conversions).
This map shows the case that had the biggest difference (postcode: NR34 8JW). Plotted points are as follows:
(A) = position from conversion process before fix
(B) = position from conversion process with fix
(C) = position Google Maps gives for location
Note (B) and (C) are in the same spot, so that's why you can't see both!
View Larger Map
For me, and what I see as potential uses for this data, I personally don't see this as much of an issue especially with an average difference of 2.5 metres. I will add a comment on to the GeoCoordConversion project issue page, referencing this post. Though there doesn't look to be any activity on the project, so whether a fix can be applied is yet to be seen. That's my preferred route at present, to see if the author of that project is around to apply a fix as I currently don't have full knowledge of what I changes I can make to the source code and what would be acceptable in order to distribute the amended source code as part of my project (my project is released under a different, but compatible license...but things might get murkier when it comes to amending/distributing those amendments). In a nutshell, I just don't have time to try to make head and tail of what I can legitimately do (and I don't want to change the license for my project)!
All feedback welcomed
 1. Hi,
 Many thanks for this, it is exactly what I needed. Just a question would it be possible for you to share the updated dll?
 Many thanks
 1. _USER_ - I'll see what I can do. Need to check the license applied to that project / may contact that project owner.
 2. If you can't get anywhere with that project, you might want to take a look at my.NET coords library,
 I've used it for my own projects a lot and several other people are using it without too many issues
 3. _USER_ - awesome, thanks. I will give it a try soon!
 4. Wicked, really wicked cheers!


As Validators agree on the latest transaction sets to apply to the ledger when do they know to update the data being stored in the archive nodes?
Is it based on the owner of an archive node listening for quorum from a validating node that it trusts and then updating the history as each transaction set is applied to the latest ledger?
An archiver node is a special kind of node:
when it sees a quorum (based on other basic/full validators on the network), it publishes to an archive.
Publishing is done every 64 ledgers if it's in sync with the network. You can read more about this in the history documentation
Your Answer


text:
If and only if
- "Material equivalence" redirects here
, in logic
and fields that rely on it such as mathematics
, is a logical connective
between statements which means that the truth of either one of the statements requires the truth of the other. Thus, either both statements are true, or both are false. To put it another way, the first statement will always be true when the second statement is, and will only
be true under those conditions.
In writing, common alternative phrases to "if and only if" include iff, Q is necessary and sufficient for P, P is equivalent to Q, P precisely if Q, P precisely (or exactly) when Q, P exactly in case Q, and P just in case Q. Many authors regard "iff" as unsuitable in formal writing; others use it freely.
The statement "(P iff Q)" is equivalent to the statement "not (P xor Q)" or "P == Q" in computer science.
In logic formulas, logical symbols are used instead of these phrases; see the discussion of notation.
The truth table
of p iff q
(also written as p ↔ q
) is as follows:
p ↔ q
|| T |
|| F |
|| F |
|| T |
The corresponding logical symbols are "↔", "⇔" and "≡", and sometimes "iff". These are usually treated as equivalent. However, some texts of mathematical logic
(particularly those on first-order logic
, rather than propositional logic
) make a distinction between these, in which the first, ↔, is used as a symbol in logic formulas, while ⇔ is used in reasoning about those logic formulas (e.g., in metalogic
Another term for this logical connective is exclusive nor.
In most logical systems
, one proves
a statement of the form "P iff Q" by proving "if P, then Q" and "if Q, then P" (or the inverse
of "if P, then Q", i.e. "if not P, then not Q"). Proving this pair of statements sometimes leads to a more natural proof, since there are not obvious conditions in which one would infer a biconditional directly. An alternative is to prove the disjunction
"(P and Q) or (not-P and not-Q)", which itself can be inferred directly from either of its disjuncts — that is, because "iff" is truth-functional
, "P iff Q" follows if P and Q have both been shown true, or both false.
Origin of the abbreviation
Usage of the abbreviation "iff" first appeared in print in John L. Kelley
book General Topology
Its invention is often credited to the mathematician Paul Halmos
The difference between if, only if, and iff
- Madison will eat pudding if the pudding is a custard. (equivalently: If the pudding is a custard, then Madison will eat it)
- Madison will eat pudding only if the pudding is a custard. (equivalently: If Madison is eating pudding, then it must be a custard)
- Madison will eat pudding if and only if (iff) the pudding is a custard. (equivalently: If the pudding is a custard, then Madison will eat it. AND If Madison is eating pudding, then it must be a custard.)
Sentence (1) states only that Madison will eat custard pudding. It does not, however, preclude the possibility that Madison might also have occasion to eat bread pudding. Maybe she will, maybe she will not - the sentence does not tell us. All we know for certain is that she will eat custard pudding.
Sentence (2) states that the only pudding Madison will eat is a custard. It does not, however, preclude the possibility that Madison will refuse a custard if it is made available, in contrast with sentence (1), which requires Madison to eat any available custard.
Sentence (3), however, makes it quite clear that Madison will eat custard pudding and custard pudding only. She will eat all such puddings, and she will not eat any other type of pudding.
A further difference is that "if" is used in definitions (except in formal logic); see more below.
A sentence that is composed of two other sentences joined by "iff" is called a biconditional
. "Iff" joins two sentences to form a new sentence. It should not be confused with logical equivalence
which is a description of a relation between two sentences. The biconditional "A iff
the sentences A
, describing a relation between the states of affairs A
describe. By contrast "A
is logically equivalent to B
" mentions both sentences: it describes a relation between those two sentences, and not between whatever matters they describe.
The distinction is a very confusing one, and has led many a philosopher astray. Certainly it is the case that when A is logically equivalent to B, "A iff B" is true. But the converse does not hold. Reconsidering the sentence:
- Madison will eat pudding if and only if it is custard.
There is clearly no logical equivalence between the two halves of this particular biconditional. For more on the distinction, see W. V. Quine's Mathematical Logic, Section 5.
One way of looking at "A if and only if B" is that it means "A if B" (B implies A) and "A only when B" (not B implies not A). "Not B implies not A" means A implies B, so then we get two way implication.
In philosophy and logic, "iff" is used to indicate definitions
, since definitions are supposed to be universally quantified
biconditionals. In mathematics and elsewhere, however, the word "if" is normally used in definitions, rather than "iff". This is due to the observation that "if" in the English language has a definitional meaning, separate from its meaning as a propositional conjunction. This separate meaning can be explained by noting that a definition (for instance: A group
is "abelian" if it satisfies the commutative law; or: A grape is a "raisin" if it is well dried) is not an equivalence to be proved, but a rule for interpreting the term defined. (Some authors, nevertheless, explicitly indicate that the "if" of a definition means "iff"!)
Here are some examples of true statements that use "iff" - true biconditionals (the first is an example of a definition, so it should normally have been written with "if"):
- A person is a bachelor iff that person is a marriageable man who has never married.
- "Snow is white" (in English) is true iff "Schnee ist weiß" (in German) is true.
- For any p, q, and r: (p & q) & r iff p & (q & r). (Since this is written using variables and "&", the statement would usually be written using "↔", or one of the other symbols used to write biconditionals, in place of "iff").
- For any real numbers x and y, x=y+1 iff y=x−1.
Other words are also sometimes emphasized in the same way by repeating the last letter; for example orr
for "Or and only Or" (the exclusive disjunction
The statement "(A iff B)" is equivalent to the statement "(not A or B) and (not B or A)," and is also equivalent to the statement "(not A and not B) or (A and B)".
It is also equivalent to: not[(A or B) and (not A or not B)],
or more simply:
which converts into:
which were given in verbal interpretations above.
More general usage
is used outside the field of logic, wherever logic is applied, especially in mathematical
discussions. It has the same meaning as above: it is an abbreviation for if and only if
, indicating that one statement is both necessary and sufficient
for the other. This is an example of mathematical jargon
. (However, as noted above, if
, rather than iff
, is more often used in statements of definition.)
The elements of X are all and only the elements of Y is used to mean: "for any z in the domain of discourse, z is in X if and only if z is in Y."


How To Find Duplicate Values in MySQL
March 4, 2020
MySQL is a database application that stores data in rows and columns of different tables to avoid duplication. Duplicate values can occur, which can impact MySQL performance.
This guide will show you how to find duplicate values in a MySQL database.
tutorial on how to check duplicates in MySQL Database
 - An existing installation of MySQL
 - Root user account credentials for MySQL
 - A command line / terminal window
Setting up a Sample Table (Optional)
This step will help you create a sample table to work with. If you already have a database to work on, skip to the next section.
Open a terminal window, and switch to the MySQL shell:
mysql –u root –p
Note: If you get 'ERROR 1698', try opening MySQL using sudo mysql instead. This error occurs on some Ubuntu installations and is caused by authentication settings.
List existing databases:
SHOW databases;
The list of MySQL databases when using the show databases command
Create a new database that doesn't already exist:
CREATE database sampledb;
Select the table you just created:
USE sampledb;
Create a new table with the following fields:
CREATE TABLE dbtable (
 date_x VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
 system_x VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
Insert rows into the table:
INSERT INTO dbtable (date_x,system_x,test)
VALUES ('01/03/2020','system1','hard_drive'),
 ('01/14/2020','system3','hard drive'),
 ('01/20/2020','system4','hard drive'),
 ('01/29/2020','system6','hard drive'),
 ('02/04/2020','system8','graphics card'),
 ('02/08/2020','system9','hard drive');
Run the following SQL query:
SELECT * FROM dbtable
ORDER BY date_x;
MySQL output for the select from table command
Finding Duplicates in MySQL
Find Duplicate Values in a Single Column
Use the GROUP BY function to identify all identical entries in one column. Follow up with a COUNT() HAVING function to list all groups with more than one entry.
HAVING COUNT(test) > 1;
Find Duplicate Values in Multiple Columns
You may want to list exact duplicates, with the same information in all three columns.
 date_x, COUNT(date_x),
 system_x, COUNT(system_x),
 test, COUNT(test)
HAVING COUNT(date_x)>1
 AND COUNT(system_x)>1
 AND COUNT(test)>1;
Select multiple columns and find exact duplicates in MySQL database
This query works by selecting and testing for the >1 condition on all three columns. The result is that only rows with duplicate values are returned in the output.
Check for Duplicates in Multiple Tables With INNER JOIN
Use the INNER JOIN function to find duplicates that exist in multiple tables.
Sample syntax for an INNER JOIN function looks like this:
SELECT column_name
 FROM table1
 INNER JOIN table2
 ON table1.column_name = table2.column name;
To test this example, you need a second table that contains some information duplicated from the sampledb table we created above.
SELECT dbtable.date_x
 FROM dbtable
 INNER JOIN new_table
 ON dbtable.date_x = new_table.date_x;
This will display any duplicate dates that exist between the existing data and the new_table.
output of the MySQL inner join command to check for duplicate values
Note: The DISTINCT command can be used to return results while ignoring duplicates. Also, newer versions of MySQL use a strict mode, which can affect operations that attempt to select all columns. If you get an error, make sure that you're selecting specific individual columns.
Now you can check for duplicates in MySQL data in one or multiple tables and understand the INNER JOIN function. Make sure you created the tables correctly and that you select the right columns.
Now that you have found duplicate values, learn how to remove MySQL duplicate rows.
Was this article helpful?
Goran Jevtic
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Landmark Envirosearch
Landmark Envirosearch
Why choose Envirosearch?
Envirosearch Residential provides an overall risk of contaminated land along with a flood screen and mapping, ground stability data, radon and environmental factors, such as HS2, solar and wind farms data.
It meets the requirements of Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and comes with a remediation contribution of £150,000.
Who does Envirosearch help?
Envirosearch is suitable for the following:
 - Residential
 - Existing properties
 - Nationwide
 - Buyers
 - Vendors (potentially)
 - Lenders
 - Tenants (potentially)
Envirosearch is not suitable for the following:
 - Commercial
 - Development sites
 - Specific areas
How does Envirosearch work?
The Envirosearch Residential report provides a comprehensive review of potential environmental risks affecting a property, including contaminated land, flood, ground stability, and radon.
It also includes other factors such as HS2, fracking, solar and wind farms, therefore ensuring appropriate due diligence for every transaction.
The report provides a clear front page summary with simple to read and understand content.
What does Envirosearch reveal?
It reveals the risk of contaminated land, with a screen for flood, ground hazards, energy and infrastructure at the property.
This report is available in one to two days (two days if referred to Landmark's environmental consultants for further review).


text:
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.64
The %fun statement starts a new procedure specification.
Green Card supports two sorts of C procedures: ones that may cause side effects (including I/O), and ones that are guaranteed to be pure functions. The two are distinguished by their type signatures. Side-effecting functions have the result type IO t for some type t. If the programmer specifies any result type other than IO t, Green Card takes this as a promise that the C function is indeed pure, and will generate code that calls unsafePerformIO.
The procedure specification will expand to the definition of a Haskell function, whose name is that given in the %fun statement, with two changes: the longest matching prefix specified with a %prefix statement is removed from the name and the first letter of the remaining function name is changed to lower case (Section 8.3 elaborates). Haskell requires all function names to start with a lower-case letter (upper case would indicate a data constructor), but when the C procedure name begins with an upper case letter it is convenient to still be able to make use of Green Card's automatic fill-in facilities. For example:
would expand to a Haskell function openWindow that is implemented by calling the C procedure OpenWindow.
would also expand to a Haskell function openWindow, but is implemented by calling the C procedure Win32OpenWindow.
The %call statement tells Green Card how to translate the Haskell parameters into C values. Its syntax is designed to look rather like Haskell pattern matching, and consists of a sequence of zero or more Data Interface Schemes (DISs), one for each (curried) argument in the type signature. For example:
This %call statement binds the C variables x, y, z, and s, in a similar way that Haskell's pattern-matching binds variables to (parts of) a function's arguments. These bindings are in scope throughout the body and result-marshalling statements.
In the %call statement, ''float'', ''int'', and ''string'' are the names of the DISs that are used to translate between Haskell and C. The names of these DISs are deliberately chosen to be the same as the corresponding Haskell types (apart from changing the initial letter to lower case) so that in many cases, including foo above, Green Card can generate the %call line by itself (Section 8).
In fact there is a fourth DIS hiding in this example, the (_,_) pairing DIS. DISs are discussed in detail in Section 9.
The body consists of arbitrary C code, beginning with %code. The reason for allowing arbitrary C is that C procedures sometimes have complicated interfaces. They may return results through parameters passed by address, deposit error codes in global variables, require _TAG_'d constants to be passed as parameters, and so on. The body of a Green Card procedure specification allows the programmer to say exactly how to call the procedure, in its native language.
The C code starts a block, and may thus start with declarations that create local variables. For example:
Here, x and y are declared as local variables. The local C variables declared at the start of the block scope over the rest of the body and the result-marshalling statements.
The C code may also mention constants from C header files, such as GREY above. Green Card's %_TAG_ directive tells it which header files to include (Section 11).
Functions return their results using a %result statement. Side-effecting functions, ones whose result type is IO t, can also use %fail to specify the failure value.
The %result statement takes a single DIS that describes how to translate one or more C values back into a single Haskell value. For example:
As in the case of the %call statement, the ''float'' in the %result statement is the name of a DIS, chosen as before to coincide with the name of the type. A single DIS, ''float'', is used to denote both the translation from Haskell to C and that from C to Haskell, just as a data constructor can be used both to construct a value and to take one apart (in pattern matching).
All the C variables bound in the %call statement, and all those bound in declarations at the start of the body, scope over all the result-marshalling statements (i.e. %result and %fail).
In a result-marshalling statement an almost arbitrary C expression, enclosed in braces, can be used in place of a C variable name. The above example could be written more briefly like this:
The C expression can neither have assignments nor nested braces as that could give rise to syntactic ambiguity.
A side effecting function returns a result of type IO t for some type t. The IO monad supports exceptions, so Green Card allows them to be raised.
The result-marshalling statements for a side-effecting call consists of zero or more %fail statements, each of which conditionally raise an exception in the IO monad, followed by a single %result statement that returns successfully in the IO monad.
Just as in Section 7.3, the %result statement gives a single DIS that describes how to construct the result Haskell value, following successful completion of a side-effecting operation. For example:
Here, a pairing DIS is used, with two int DISs inside it. The arguments to the int DISs are C record selections, enclosed in braces; they extract the relevant information from the WindowInfo structure that was filled in by the GetWindowInfo call.
The %fail statement has two fields, each of which is either a C variable, or a C expression enclosed in braces. The first field is a boolean-valued expression that indicates when the call should fail; the second is a (char *) value that indicates what sort of failure occurred. If the boolean is true (i.e. non zero) then the call fails with a userError in the IO monad containing the specified string.
The assumption here is that fopen puts its error code in the global variable errno, and errstring converts that error number to a string.
UserErrors can be caught with catch, but exactly which error occurred must be encoded in the string, and parsed by the error-handling code. This is rather slow, but errors are meant to be exceptional.


Siebel Business Process Framework: Task UI Guide > Task UI Concepts > UI Elements Used in Task UI >
Applet Message
An applet message is a free-flowing text control which presents a mix of hard-coded, static text strings and dynamic data from the Siebel database, filled in at run time. An applet message is presented as a continuous, wrapped line of text. Applet messages are similar to the personalization text which appears on home pages. You can use applet messages to provide instructions to the end user performing the task. For example, in the Siebel Call Center application, an applet message may represent a block of text to be read by a customer service representative (the end user), when addressing a customer.
You specify the static text at design time. The dynamic data is derived from business component fields and, at run time, it becomes part of the applet message the end user sees while moving through the task.
NOTE: The format of the text in the applet message is not editable.
An applet message, as a user interface control, is statically positioned within the task applet. It differs from other control types (such as Text or Field) by always displaying its content as read-only, and not inside a box or border in the user interface.
Figure 3 shows an example of an applet message. In this example, the values for status, account, and the name and number of the agreement are dynamic.
Figure 3. Sample Applet Message
Click for full size image
For more information on how to configure an applet message, see Configuring Applet Messages.


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"Glass ceilings" and "stone floors" have become common descriptors in discussions of women's career trajectories. Writing in 2016, Maddrell et al. note that while there has been positive action in gender equality in the academic workplace geography should not assume it has 'tackled the "gender problem"'. While the number of women in professorial roles has increased from 4% in 1978 to 21% in 2012/13, as they note 'respondents were acutely aware of key career transition points, and both enablers and barriers to their progression.'
Accompanying the growing number of events to support early career researchers the Gender and Feminist Geographies Research Group (GFGRG) and the Social and Cultural Geography Research Group (SCGRG) are organising an event targeted at geographers at professorial-level who are facing a series of issues and questions around the next steps in their career, perhaps including but not limited to:
- Reflecting on the different understandings of leadership
- How to manage and negotiate new research directions/ changes in research direction
- Decisions around the scale of research: to develop and manage a large research team or not?
- 'Real-life' accounts of university level administrative roles
- Evolving seniority in teaching roles
We are planning to hold the day long event at the RGS (Lowther Room) on June 8th, 2018 in London to discuss these and other issues. At this stage we invite expressions of interest that note up to five issues that potential attendees might find it valuable to address.


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The PDSA Cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act) is a systematic process for gaining valuable learning and knowledge for the continual improvement of a product, process, or service. Also known as the Deming Wheel, or Deming Cycle, this integrated learning - improvement model was first introduced to Dr. Deming by his mentor, Walter Shewhart of the famous Bell Laboratories in New York.
The cycle begins with the Plan step. This involves identifying a goal or purpose, formulating a theory, defining success metrics and putting a plan into action. These activities are followed by the Do step, in which the components of the plan are implemented, such as making a product. Next comes the Study step, where outcomes are monitored to test the validity of the plan for signs of progress and success, or problems and areas for improvement. The Act step closes the cycle, integrating the learning generated by the entire process, which can be used to adjust the goal, change methods, reformulate a theory altogether, or broaden the learning – improvement cycle from a small-scale experiment to a larger implementation Plan. These four steps can be repeated over and over as part of a never-ending cycle of continual learning and improvement.
PDSA and PDCA
Dr. Deming emphasized the PDSA Cycle, not the PDCA Cycle, with a third step emphasis on Study (S), not Check (C). Dr. Deming found that the focus on Check is more about the implementation of a change, with success or failure. His focus was on predicting the results of an improvement effort, studying the actual results, and comparing them to possibly revise the theory. He stressed that the need to develop new knowledge, from learning, is always guided by a theory. By comparison, the Check phase of the PDCA cycle focuses on the success or failure of a Plan, followed by needed corrections to the Plan in the event of failure. Click here to find an excellent article by Ron Moen and Cliff Norman, who offer a deeper explanation of the difference between the PDSA and PDCA Cycles.


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Email Notify - Click on the envelope icon to receive e-mail notifications when this page has been updated.
DTE Line Clearing
Directional pruning is recommended over topping, rounding or other pruning practices. Directionally pruned trees:
- Are less susceptible to insect and disease problems.
- Have a stronger overall structure of the tree that is more resistant to high winds and heavy ice.
- Have only those branches that pose a threat to power lines removed.
- Have future growth directed away from power lines.
Some trees, such as evergreens with one main trunk growing straight up into the power lines, must be topped to allow safe clearance for high-voltage power lines.


A goddess bathes her hands and face in butterfly waves
A goddess of nature bathes her hands and face in butterfly waves
Starting in January of 2021, I joined Daily Sketch, a Zoom drawing class that meets three days a week.
The teaching artist is Meagan Burns, who, in the before times, led art workshops in Mexico and other places around the globe.
My friend discovered these daily sketch classes last year, and her enthusiasm for the experience motivated me to try my hand at watercolor sketches myself.
Meagan is a patient and upbeat instructor. She allows light banter during our warm ups, and after each 20 minute sketch, she gives us time to share our drawings. She asks where we started, what materials we used, and at the end shows us her work and how she approached the subject.
The drawing I posted above is a combination of two references, a photo of two hands opened up like a book, and another of a large butterfly that looked like it was superimposed with a layer of neon pink.
Since my drawing skills are limited at best, I always add an element of imagination to camouflage mistakes I make or to get my ego out of the way.
I love surrealism and the techniques the surrealists used to jettison conditioned thinking about art and to let chance operations and stream of consciousness come to the foreground.
So if I make a mistake with the lines, I go with the mistake and improvise with color or context. Then my imagination takes off and I start musing about scenarios and settings that are based in myth or folklore.
The poet Anne Sexton is known to have experimented with her typing mistakes by keeping them in the poem and allowing them to change the direction of her writing. In this way, I can see how my playing with watercolor sketches influences how I write and the kinds of poems I hope to create in April.
Sylvia Plath Biography
Halfway through Bitter Fame, a Life of Sylvia Plath by Anne Stevenson, I can say that although she does not paint as sympathetic a portrait of Plath as does Alexander in Rough Magic, she does get to the inner struggles Plath experienced that led to her poetic apotheosis in a more acute way.
Alexander had access to Sylvia's mother while writing his biography, but he was writing blindly, because Ted Hughes did not allow him to view Sylvia's letters or journals.
Hughes's sister, Olwyn Hughes, worked with Stevenson and allowed her to quote extensively from Plath's journals and letters.
Plath's letters to her mother, as one might expect, give an optimistic report of Plath's active social life and hard work at Smith and later at Cambridge, while her journal entries show she had an active, healthy sex life that unfortunately plagued her.
Part of Plath's problem lay in her inability to reconcile her "swing from violent vampire to virtuous nun," as Anne Stevenson writes (28).
The controversy around Plath's life and death centers around her relationship with Ted Hughes. Obviously, she had an artistic temperament and was ambitious to the extreme. At the same time she was conformist and wanted to raise a family like her mother did.
Even though I was born three decades after Plath, I understand her ambivalence about motherhood, art, sexuality, and a career.
But her angst and passion led her to explore or flirt with death. She was too impatient to find out what lay beyond the moon at night.
Of course the shock of losing Hughes would have brought about a despair she couldn't find a way to exit, but reading her Ariel poems, one realizes she was in the throes of a Dionysian fury that went beyond Hughes.
In the end, casting the blame for her death on Hughes means nothing. There are only the poems, which are as grand and sharp as polished steel.


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Scientists have produced amazing three-dimensional images of a prehistoric mite as it hitched a ride on the back of a 50 million-year-old spider.
At just 176 micrometres long and barely visible to the naked eye, University of Manchester researchers and colleagues in Berlin believe the mite, trapped inside Baltic amber (fossil tree resin), is the smallest arthropod fossil ever to be scanned using X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques.
They say their study published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters today also sets a minimum age of almost 50 million years for the evolution among these mites of phoretic, or hitchhiking, behaviour using another animal species.
"CT allowed us to digitally dissect the mite off the spider in order to reveal the important features on the underside of the mite required for identification," said Dr David Penney, one of the study's authors based in the Faculty of Life Sciences. "The specimen, which is extremely rare in the fossil record, is potentially the oldest record of the living family Histiostomatidae.
"Amber is a remarkable repository of ecological associations within the fossil record. In many cases organisms died instantaneously and were preserved with lifelike fidelity, still enacting their behaviour immediately prior to their unexpected demise. We often refer to this as 'frozen behaviour' or palaeoethology and such examples can tell us a great deal about interactions in ecosystems of the past. However, most amber fossils consist of individual insects or several insects together but without unequivocal demonstrable evidence of direct interaction. The remarkable specimen we describe in this paper is the kind of find that occurs only once in say a hundred thousand specimens."
Fellow Manchester biologist Dr Richard Preziosi said: "Phoresy is where one organism uses another animal of a different species for transportation to a new environment. Such behaviour is common in several different groups today. The study of fossils such as the one we described can provide important clues as to how far back in geological time such behaviours evolved. The fact that we now have technology that was unavailable just a few years ago means we can now use a multidisciplinary approach to extract the most information possible from such tiny and awkwardly positioned fossils, which previously would have yielded little or no substantial scientific data."
Co-author Professor Phil Withers, from Manchester's School of Materials, said: "We believe this to be the smallest amber inclusion scanned anywhere to date. With our sub-micron phase contrast system we can obtain fantastic 3D images and compete with synchrotron x-ray systems and are revealing fossils previously inaccessible to imaging. With our nanoCT lab systems, we are now looking to push the boundaries of this technique yet further."
Dr Jason Dunlop, from the Humboldt University, Berlin, added: "As everyone knows, mites are usually very small animals, and even living ones are difficult to work with. Fossil mites are especially rare and the particular group to which this remarkable new amber specimen belongs has only been found a handful of times in the fossil record. Yet thanks to these new techniques, we could identify numerous important features as if we were looking at a modern animal under the scanning electron microscope. Work like this is breaking down the barriers between palaeontology and zoology even further."
Explore further: Discovery of two new species of primitive fishes
More information: 'A minute fossil phoretic mite recovered by phase contrast X-ray computed tomography,' by Jason A. Dunlop et al. Paper online: doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0923


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, some contractors may cross the line between segments to expand their activities, or move into new geographic locations to get a larger share of the existing submarket. Either action will increase the risks incurred by such contractors as they move into less familiar segments or territories. The trend of market demand in construction and of the economy at large may also influence the bidding decisions of a contractor in other ways. If a contractor perceives drastic increases in labor wages and material prices as a result of recent labor contract settlements, it may take into consideration possible increases in unit prices for determining the direct project cost. Furthermore, the perceptions of increase in inflation rates and interest rates may also cause the contractor to use a higher markup to hedge the uncertainty. Consequently, at times of economic expansion and/or higher inflation rate, contractors are reluctant to commit themselves to long-term fixed price contracts.
Characteristics of Bidding Competition
All other things being equal, the probability of winning a contract diminishes as more bidders participate in the competition. Consequently, a contractor tries to find out as much information as possible about the number and identities of potential bidders on a specific project. Such information is often available in the Dodge Bulletin or similar publications which provide data of potential projects and names of contractors who have taken out plans and specifications. For certain segments, potential competitors may be identified through private contacts, and bidders often confront the same competitor's project after project since they have similar capabilities and interests in undertaking the same type of work, including size, complexity and geographical location of the projects. A general contractor may also obtain information of potential subcontractors from publications such as Credit Reports(Credit Reports, Building Construction Division, and Bradstreet, Inc., New York, N.Y.) published by Dun and Bradstreet, Inc. However, most contractors form an extensive network with a group of subcontractors with whom they have had previous business transactions. They usually rely on their own experience in soliciting subcontract bids before finalizing a bid price for the project.
Objectives of General Contractors in Bidding
The bidding strategy of some contractors are influenced by a policy of minimum percentage markup for general overhead and profit. However, the percentage markup may also reflect additional factors stipulated by the owner such as high retention and slow payments for completed work, or perceptions of uncontrollable factors in the economy. The intensity of a contractor's efforts in bidding a specific project is influenced by the contractor's desire to obtain additional work. The winning of a particular project may be potentially important to the overall mix of work in progress or the cash flow implications for the contractor. The contractor's decision is also influenced by the availability of key personnel in the contractor organization. The company sometimes wants to reserve its resources for future projects, or commits itself to the current opportunity for different reasons.
Contractor's Comparative Advantages
A final important consideration in forming bid prices on the part of contractors are the possible special advantages enjoyed by a particular firm. As a result of lower costs, a particular contractor may be able to impose a higher profit markup yet still have a lower total bid than competitors. These lower costs may result from superior technology, greater experience, better management, better personnel or lower unit costs. A comparative cost advantage is the most desirable of all circumstances in entering a bid competition.
8.7 Principles of Contract Negotiation
Negotiation is another important mechanism for arranging construction contracts. Project managers often find themselves as participants in negotiations, either as principal negotiators or as expert advisors. These negotiations can be complex and often present important opportunities and risks for the various parties involved. For example, negotiation on work contracts can involve issues such as completion date, arbitration procedures, special work item compensation, contingency allowances as well as the overall price. As a general rule, exogenous factors such as the history of a contractor and the general economic climate in the construction industry will determine the results of negotiations. However, the skill of a negotiator can affect the possibility of reaching an agreement, the profitability of the project, the scope of any eventual disputes, and the possibility for additional work among the participants. Thus, negotiations are an important task for many project managers. Even after a contract is awarded on the basis of competitive bidding, there are many occasions in which subsequent negotiations are required as conditions change over time.
In conducting negotiations between two parties, each side will have a series of objectives and constraints. The overall objective of each party is to obtain the most favorable, acceptable agreement. A two party, one issue negotiation illustrates this fundamental point. Suppose that a developer is willing to pay up to $500,000 for a particular plot of land, whereas the owner would be willing to sell the land for $450,000 or more. These maximum and minimum sales prices represent constraints on any eventual agreement. In this example, any purchase price between $450,000 and $500,000 is acceptable to both of the involved parties. This range represents a feasible agreement space. Successful negotiations would conclude in a sales price within this range. Which party receives the $50,000 in the middle range between $450,000 and $500,000 would typically depend upon the negotiating skills and special knowledge of the parties involved. For example, if the developer was a better negotiator, then the sales price would tend to be close to the minimum $450,000 level.
With different constraints, it might be impossible to reach an agreement. For example, if the owner was only willing to sell at a price of $550,000 while the developer remains willing to pay only $500,000, then there would be no possibility for an agreement between the two parties. Of course, the two parties typically do not know at the beginning of negotiations if agreements will be possible. But it is quite important for each party to the negotiation to have a sense of their own reservation price, such as the owner's minimum selling price or the buyer's maximum purchase price in the above example. This reservation price is equal to the value of the best alternative to a negotiated agreement.
Poor negotiating strategies adopted by one or the other party may also preclude an agreement even with the existence of a feasible agreement range. For example, one party may be so demanding that the other party simply breaks off negotiations. In effect, negotiations are not a well behaved solution methodology for the resolution of disputes.
The possibility of negotiating failures in the land sale example highlights the importance of negotiating style and strategy with respect to revealing information. Style includes the extent to which negotiators are willing to seem reasonable, the type of arguments chosen, the forcefulness of language used, etc. Clearly, different negotiating styles can be more or less effective. Cultural factors are also extremely important. American and Japanese negotiating styles differ considerably, for example. Revealing information is also a negotiating decision. In the land sale case, some negotiators would readily reveal their reserve or constraint prices, whereas others would conceal as much information as possible (i.e. "play their cards close to the vest") or provide misleading information.
In light of these tactical problems, it is often beneficial to all parties to adopt objective standards in determining appropriate contract provisions. These standards would prescribe a particular agreement or a method to arrive at appropriate values in a negotiation. Objective standards can be derived from numerous sources, including market values, precedent, professional standards, what a court would decide, etc. By using objective criteria of this sort, personalities and disruptive negotiating tactics do not become impediments to reaching mutually beneficial agreements.
With additional issues, negotiations become more complex both in procedure and in result. With respect to procedure, the sequence in which issues are defined or considered can be very important. For example, negotiations may proceed on an issue-by-issue basis, and the outcome may depend upon the exact sequence of issues considered. Alternatively, the parties may proceed by proposing complete agreement packages and then proceed to compare packages. With respect to outcomes, the possibility of the parties having different valuations or weights on particular issues arises. In this circumstance, it is possible to trade-off the outcomes on different issues to the benefit of both parties. By yielding on an issue of low value to himself but high value to the other party, concessions on other issues may be obtained.
The notion of Pareto optimal agreements can be introduced to identify negotiated agreements in which no change in the agreement can simultaneously make both parties better off. Figure 8-1 illustrates Pareto optimal agreements which can be helpful in assessing the result of multiple issue negotiations. In this figure, the axes represent the satisfaction or desirability of agreements to the parties, denoted I and II. This representation assumes that one can place a dollar or utility value on various agreements reached in a multiple-issue negotiation between two parties. Points in the graph represent particular agreements on the different issues under consideration. A particular point may be obtained by more than one contract agreement. The curved line encloses the set of all feasible agreements; any point in this area is an acceptable agreement. Each party has a minimum acceptable satisfaction level in this graph. Points on the interior of this feasible area represent inferior agreements since some other agreement is possible that benefits both parties. For example, point B represents a more desirable agreement than point A. In the previous example, point B might represent a purchase price of $490,000 and an immediate purchase, whereas point A might represent a $475,000 sale price and a six month delay. The feasible points that are not inferior constitute the set of Pareto optimal or efficient agreements; these points lie on the north-east quadrant of the feasible region as marked on the figure.
Figure 8-1 Illustration of a Pareto Optimal Agreement Set
The definition of Pareto optimal agreements allows one to assess at least one aspect of negotiated outcomes. If two parties arrive at an inferior agreement (such as point A in Figure 8-1), then the agreement could be


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A search for excited electrons produced in pp collisions at s = 13 Te via a contact interaction qq¯ → ee∗ is presented. The search uses 36.1 fb- 1 of data collected in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Decays of the excited electron into an electron and a pair of quarks (eqq¯) are targeted in final states with two electrons and two hadronic jets, and decays via a gauge interaction into a neutrino and a W boson (νW) are probed in final states with an electron, missing transverse momentum, and a large-radius jet consistent with a hadronically decaying W boson. No significant excess is observed over the expected backgrounds. Upper limits are calculated for the pp→ ee∗→ eeqq¯ and pp→ ee∗→ eνW production cross sections as a function of the excited electron mass me∗ at 95% confidence level. The limits are translated into lower bounds on the compositeness scale parameter Λ of the model as a function of me∗. For me∗<0.5 Te, the lower bound for Λ is 11 Te. In the special case of me∗=Λ, the values of me∗<4.8 Te are excluded. The presented limits on Λ are more stringent than those obtained in previous searches.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


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In this task, you are allowed make an useful program to do anything you can write within 100 characters. You are allowed to use less characters, but not more.
Rules, just to protect from standard loopholes that are no longer funny:
Your program cannot access the internet, unless it really has to. For example, the program which shows the most upvoted question on this website may use the Internet to check this question. However, it's not allowed to browse the Internet in order to find its real source and run it.
Your program cannot be an interpreter for the language it was written in. However, Brainfuck interpreter in non-Brainfuck language would be fine.
Your program cannot execute external programs that does exactly what your program does. For example, you cannot run
vim, and claim that your program is
Your program cannot be dangerous for the computer it's being ran on and other computers. You aren't allowed to write program like
rmdir /(the example here intentionally doesn't work, don't fix it), and claim it's an useful program to remove all files on the computer.
Your program may be as slow as you want, and use as much resources as you want, as long you can prove it does what it meant to do.
You aren't allowed to make language specifically for this task. However, you are allowed to make interpreter for your invented language in some other programming language.


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breeds on relatively snow-free areas in Antarctica (2) (8). It is predominantly coastal, although it frequently forms small inland colonies in mountainous areas, and is often found in association with penguin rookeries and inland petrel colonies (2).Top
South polar skua status
The south polar skua is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1).Top
South polar skua threats
Although not currently globally threatened, the south polar skua has very low breeding success rates, and chick survival and adult foraging could be further reduced by harsh weather conditions (3).
In addition, threats from oil spills and other environmental pollution in the Antarctic may impact the breeding population of the south polar skua (12).Top
South polar skua conservation
There are no specific conservation measures in place for the south polar skua; however, it is protected under the Antarctic Treaty, which governs human activity in the Antarctic and the use of its environmental resources. The Antarctic is also protected by the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, which further governs the use of resources in the region and allows for conservation of flora and fauna, prevention of marine pollution and protection of sites of special scientific interest. It also prohibits commercial mineral resource exploitation, and regulates waste disposal and management (13).
The south polar skua is also listed on Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 as a migratory species (14).Top
Find out more
Find out more about the south polar skua and the conservation of other bird species:
Find out more about Antarctica:
Visit ARKive's Antarctic ecoregion page:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
More »Related species
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"Museum Exhibition Design", a four part series. Each week, I am writing a post about exhibition design. Last week was Part I, "Exhibition design – Planning". This week's post will cover the phases of exhibition design. Future posts will cover "Museum Exhibition Design – Fabrication" & "Museum Exhibition Design – Installation".
Picking up from last week's post, the team will have completed during "Museum Exhibition Design – Planning":
- Understanding the visitor of the planned exhibition
- A plan for meeting the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- A plan for creating a Green Exhibition
- Created a Project Charter - A sample Museum Exhibition Project Charter
- A preliminary budget
- A Project Schedule
- A Site Survey
"The exhibition design process can be divided into 10 steps:
- Exhibition Script – Create an exhibition script or "What is the story of the exhibition?" How do the artifacts / Art tell the "story" of the exhibition? If you were to imagine the artifacts / Art objects as "characters" in a play, what role would they play? Try to describe each scene of the exhibition, "a sunlight beach filled with kids playing the water", goes a long way to describing the "Look and Feel" of an exhibition. Define the educational goals, how are you communicating the goals of the exhibition?
- Chunk it Out – With the script in hand and the site survey of the exhibition space "chunk out", where you will tell each part of the story. Using the script as your guide create larger areas for more important areas of the exhibition. Use the script to describe how each area of the exhibition will "look and feel".
- Research - Go on field trips to places similar to the areas of the exhibition. For "Take Me There Egypt" the project team went to Egypt to visit the sites of the areas of the exhibition. We took video, photos and documented all of the sites taking measurements and notes. Also go out and research new technologies and techniques, are there new technologies to incorporate into the exhibition? Take photos and samples of places that are similar to the areas of the exhibition.
- Conceptual Design – Now that the areas of the exhibition are defined, start to describe the components, of each area of the exhibition.
- Schematic Design - The goal of Schematic Design, is to flesh out the scope and character 0f the project. This enables all parties involved to confirm themes, interpretation goals and to review spatial arrangements, appearance, artifact use, materials and cost. By the end of the Schematic Design phase, the team will have visuals, narratives, look-and-feel boards and layouts to initially review the allocation of space, traffic flow, audi0—visual components, interactive displays, lighting and special effects. An overall graphic identity for the exhibit at this stage of design.
- Design Development / Media - During Design Development, section and elevation drawings of exhibits in the space are created. Content research is compiled into draft text and descriptions of the exhibits and the interactives. Functions of Audio-visuals and computer programs that will be part chartered. The family of graphic elements is compiled and a graphic schedule of all the graphics is created. Graphic directional and identification signage for interior and exterior spaces of the exhibit area become part of the program.
- Final Design - By the conclusion of the Final Design phase, a complete package that illustrates the full exhibit design—h0w it will be built, where every component is located and how each exhibit component works within the larger space. This package includes exhibition identification, exhibition descriptions, a database of exhibit components, measured CAD plans with content, floor plans, elevations, artifact lists, measured graphic design elements and samples, draft scripts with details for audio visual components, interactive exhibits, final text, sound and lighting systems specifications, production schedules and a fabrication cost estimate. By the end of Final Design you will have finalized your list of artifacts / Art and can start to plan for mounts for objects, conservation needs for paper, fabric, define light levels and other conservation needs.
- Partners - Go talk to potential fabricators and suppliers. Have a casual conversation and see if the potential fabrication partners are a match with the project team. Either the Construction Documents (CD) will be completed as part of the Design Build process or the CD will be completed by the fabrication partner.
- Construction Documents (CD Also called Contract Documents) / Design / Build - By the conclusion of the Final Design phase, a complete package that illustrates the full exhibit design—how it will be built, where every component is located and how each works within the larger space. This package includes exhibition identification, exhibition descriptions, a database of exhibit components, measured CAD plans with content, floor plans, elevations, artifact lists, measured graphic design elements and samples, draft scripts with details for audio visual components, interactive exhibits, final text, sound and lighting systems specifications, production schedules and a fabrication cost estimate.
- Prototyping / Testing - You can test and prototype exhibit interactives with the public during each phase of design. As examples, during Conceptual Design, blue tape on the floor defining approximate areas, during Schematic design cardboard mock ups, during Design Development sample "PowerPoint presentations" to represent media, during Final Design, button layout and ergonomics.
Links for specifics of exhibition design:
Examples of each phase see "Museum Exhibition Design"
The steps of the exhibition design process is similar for Art Museums, Natural History Museums, Science Centers and Children's Museums. The differences are in the content development, the design process is the same.


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3D Animation was invented in the summer of 1912 by Adolf Hitler, who went on to become the leader of the Unfree World and the host of the 1936 Special Olympics. Hitler managed to revolutionize cinematic animation.
Unfortunately for him, for us, and for the world of 3D animation, his tools were painfully slow. After nine years locked in his mother's basement with his tools and shelves of energy drinks, Hitler managed to complete only 240 frames--eight seconds--of his first 3D-animated film, Herr Toy Story. The frustration this brought him led him to abandon his work, change careers, and become leader of the Nazi party in 1921.
In an interview on his experiences as a 3D animator, the new leader said, "Eight seconds in nine years! If I could have produced an average of at least 1 second of footage per year, I might have considered continuing. Still, I think there's something big around the corner for me. I don't feel angry about the failure to fully establish 3D Animation as a profitable industry, but I do blame the limitations of my tools. I want to hurt things now".
Nazi Garage Sale
Luckily for movie-goers, a young Steve Jobs was visiting Germany in the summer of 1986. At a small garage sale, he came across the crude tools that Hitler had used; also a reel containing the 8 seconds of Herr Toy Story that Hitler made before giving up. Intrigued, Herr Jobs bought the box and contents for seven deutschmarks.
When he returned to the United States, he viewed this film on an old reel-to-reel projector. Jobs knew genius when he saw it. He immediately purchased Pixar from Herr George Lucas, taught the artists about this scheme of motion-cartoons, and before long, hired a team of programmers. They worked day and night and invented a similar but faster process based on the computer.
Over the years, Pixar created many 3D animated shorts, but it wasn't until 1992 that Jobs thought the artists were ready for their biggest task; completing what became known as Herr Hitler's Toy Story. It wasn't hard finding the voice talent, both Tim Allen and Tom Hanks leaped at the opportunity when they heard Hitler's name was attached to the project.
Over three years were spent creating the film. In a little over 8999 hours of rendering on a RenderFarm consisting of 87 2-CPU SparcStation 20's, 30 4-CPU Sparc-Station 20's and an abacus--which produced most of the work--Pixar animation technicans managed to produce almost 6 seconds of film, far surpassing Herr Hitler's productivity high-water mark. The remaining two hours of the movie were filmed using live actors, to reduce production costs.
In the BBC documentary The Makers of Herr Toy Story Steve Jobs stated that the movie's production time shortened after the TAB key was removed from all keyboards, an innovation that Jobs became known for.
Imitators, Charlatans, Pie Lovers and Scalawags
Toy Story was an amazing success across the world. It was the first fully 3D animated film ever released, and the public clamored for more. Pixar released a slew of films in the years following and each one was a giant success. Before long, other studios were horning in on the action. Pixar came out with A Bug's Wife and DreamWorks was right there with Auntz. It wasn't until Dreamworks bought the rights to an old story written by Mao Zedong, Comrade Shrek, that they were finally able to compete with the big boys.


Simultaneous Polls Not the Panacea for the Ills Plaguing Indian Democracy
With Prime Minister Narendra Modi endorsing the idea for a while now, speculation is rife that the country may go in for simultaneous polls in 2022.
With Prime Minister Narendra Modi endorsing the idea of simultaneous elections for a couple of years now, it has become amply clear that the Centre is determined to move ahead on this front. As a result, today there is a widespread expectation that the country may go in for simultaneous polls in 2022. Are we ready for such a dramatic shift?
The idea of simultaneous elections has its pros and cons. On the face of it, the idea is appealing. Particularly since, at present, the election codes of the Election Commission of India (ECI) curtail some powers of an incumbent government during elections, resulting in delays in implementing welfare schemes which are already underway.
The arguments against simultaneous elections include that it amounts to an acceptance of a presidential form of governance without explicitly stating it, and that it facilitates one-person domination without the country opting for such a system formally. This also means a dilution of the federal system in favour of centralisation. This leads to homogenisation of the country, instead of bringing equity, sustaining plurality, and promoting local and regional leadership.
The effects on India's federal polity
We should not ignore that India is a country consisting of several states under a federal structure. How could it be "one election", unless it is "one leader" for the entire country? How can anyone deny the fact that "one nation, one election, one leader" is not good either for the democracy or for the inclusive development of the nation? Similarly, it is not good for the federal system, and it cannot assure people of a free and fair election.
The idea of simultaneous elections should not deprive the states of having a popularly elected government on their own. Or, deprive a majority government in the states to wind up when the ruling party in New Delhi loses majority and goes for a midterm poll. It should not force states to dissolve their legislative assemblies and go for elections irrespective of its five-year tenure. Such a measure would mean imposing president's rule in states on new grounds. Simultaneous elections should not offer yet another opportunity for the federal government to impose the president's rule in states.
Also read: Simultaneous Elections to Parliament and Assemblies is Not Good for Democracy
The core argument for simultaneous elections is that a considerable expenditure is spent on conducting elections at present. Additionally, it is also argued that the development process gets impeded because of the model code of the ECI.
More specifically, the reasons given for simultaneous polls are that frequent polls hurt the economy and slows down development. Yes, elections do cost, but it has to be weighed against the democratic system that we have adopted. The ECI deserves praise for its superb job of conducting polls in India at least cost to the public exchequer. On the other hand, what should be concerning for the country is what the candidates and the political parties spend, and more importantly, the kind of inducements they offer to the electorate every time and in a competitive way. This is what should worry the nation more. Also, it is important to remember that what is spent on polls in the country in all is much less than what the union government and the state governments spend on unproductive publicity and advertising yearly with all kinds of claims and promises.
Development at the centre of the debate
Regarding the issue of development, it is true that going by the poll code certain limitations are placed on the incumbent. But the cause for worry is the way the leaders and parties accuse each other and tend to vitiate the governance process. The model code by itself does not impede development. Even assuming that it does, it could be modified once the parties come to an understanding, and also by abiding with it so that the essential and on-going public services and projects are not affected. It is the incumbent who has to demonstrate an exemplary attitude and should not succumb to vote-getting compulsions.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the Bharatiya Janata Party's headquarters in New Delhi after the party's victory in India's parliamentary elections. Credit: Mayank Aggarwal/Mongabay.
So far, India has been a witness to the imposition of president's rule on 108 occasions, which dislodged the popularly-elected government in states. Only a few times, it was due to the fact that a legislative house could not elect a leader in the normal course. In most cases, the president's rule was imposed at the discretion of the leaders of the federal government or its agent in the state, the governor. Transparency in the process has been missing, and suo moto announcements have become a practice. Instead of curbing such practices, the idea of simultaneous elections could amount to an undermining of our democratic roots, resulting in erosion of our political plurality.
Also read: 'Simultaneous Elections' or Centralisation of Power?
Instead, the need of the hour is to find alternate ways of conducting elections at all levels with minimum cost and in a free and fair manner, and to re-look at the duration of restrictions under poll codes. Second, efforts have to be made to curb the misuse of the government machinery by the incumbent party to its political advantage in elections. The question that we also need to debate is whether we should go for "one agenda" and "one leader" driving the poll process at the cost of local concerns, issues and interests becoming secondary.
The distinction among elections held at different levels gets blurred when voters are required to vote simultaneously. These questions need to be looked at from the point of view of both feasibility under the constitution and its desirability to democracy and development. From both these criteria, simultaneous elections could be reasonably pursued if and when we formally adopt a presidential system.
A myriad other political challenges
Now, let us get to other important and long-pending poll reforms. There are many issues that need to be dealt with. The first is to consider the proportional representation of elections in the place of the first-post-the past electoral system (FPTP), which we have been employing for nearly seven decades. A debate on this is more pertinent. Second, bring political parties under a regulatory framework and into a transparency regime by bringing them under the Right to Information (RTI) Act.
Third, the Prime Minister and chief ministers should be elected in a similar way as the speakers of parliament and assembly. Fourth, the whip system on the floor of legislatures should be limited to exceptional situations. Fifth, even more urgent, curb poll expenditure at all levels, including at the level of governments, political parties, candidates, and then come up with compliance mechanisms to put a ceiling on the expenditure in addition to bringing down the duration of the poll process. Several parliamentary committees have gone into these aspects over the decades without much headway in the process. Simultaneous elections in India, "one nation, one election" notion, is an antithesis to good governance.
The "one election" idea undermines regional parties, local leaders and the regional agenda. It promotes prospects of one leader, one party, and chances of misleading by whipping up passions and popularism. Such emotional appeals have already begun to threaten the spirit of federalism in the country. Certain key persuasive instruments that are available today for consensus manufacturing country-wide were not available during 1952–67 when we started with simultaneous polls. Instead, India would be better-off if it pursues political reforms first. Simultaneous elections could be adopted easily, but it has doubtful and difficult implications. The basic poll reforms, on the other hand, are difficult to push through but has durable positive implications to the parliamentary democracy and federal system that we have adopted.
N. Bhaskara Rao is the founder-chairman of Centre for Media Studies (CMS) and of Marketing and Development Research Associates (MDRA). He is the author of numerous books.


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The |T͟Hē, T͟Hə | determiner
1 denoting one or more people or things already mentioned or assumed to be common knowledge: Compare with a.
2 used to point forward to a following qualifying or defining clause or phrase:
3 used to make a generalized reference to something…
The NIH has announced its plan to retire the majority of its research chimpanzees and relocate them to captivity
and others are working to ensure that chimps involved in biomedical research receive the social stimulation their species requires


Le blog GlueTalk
Self full of cheese packed in food safe flexible packaging.
A General Overview of Packaging Food Safety
Posted 07/24/2019 by Justine Hanlon, Market Manager, Americas Adhesives Flexible Packaging
Food safety is an important subject in packaging, both globally and regionally. The role of packaging in food safety continues to grow as consumers eat more meals outside of the home and expect packaged foods to remain safe for extended periods of time. Adhesive suppliers and other manufacturers of packaging materials must monitor regulations and requirements as consumer safety is more closely examined. Consumer packaged goods (CPG) manufacturers should expect considerable support in food safety compliance from their packaging suppliers.
Flexible packaging, and the adhesives used in the construction of flexible packaging, plays a significant role in the global food safety conversation. The materials that make up flexible packaging help ensure that fatty foods, such as meat, cheese and seafood, are safe for consumption. Although adhesives generally make up less than 5 percent of flexible packaging, unintentional food contact may occur by migration through the packaging.
How EU Flexible Packaging Regulations Affect North America
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the use of adhesives in food packaging. The FDA's adhesive rules focus on the manufacturer's responsibility to use a suitable, approved adhesive for food packaging. FDA regulations for indirect food additives tend to focus on the food contact substance itself. Regulatory compliance for adhesives focuses more on the manufacturers of food packaging and finished food products that contain adhesives. FDA-compliant adhesives must follow FDA regulations 175.105 and 175.300, and be manufactured from pre-approved raw materials. Adhesive formulators create products from FDA's section 175.105-approved substance list.
A company may ask the FDA to review new adhesives under its Food Contact Notification Program. If the components of an adhesive do not meet the regulation requirements, and they migrate into the food contained in the packaging, the food is considered to be contaminated. Determining what is safe and fit for use in food packaging is an important and oftentimes long process for adhesive suppliers.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements, used in conjunction with FDA regulations, are intended to keep from transferring anything to the food contained in the packaging. This is achieved by ensuring that all adhesives used in flexible food packaging are adequately cured, ensuring no adhesive components will migrate through the packaging and cause anything that could be hazardous to health or that changes the taste, odor or composition of the food.
Primary Aromatic Amines (PAA)
Primary aromatic amines (PAA) is a potential toxicological issue because of its identification as a carcinogenic substance. PAA is a potential, non-intentionally-added substance (NIAS) that can be found in flexible packaging and needs to be monitored to ensure it doesn't migrate into food at detectable levels. Adhesives, inks and coatings that contain polyurethanes are common components within the flexible packaging industry. PAA, although not a component of adhesive formulas, can be formed during the curing process. Trace amounts of adhesive isocyanate monomer within the adhesive formulation can react with existing moisture and create PAA that can then migrate into food and be consumed by the end user.
There are different reasons why a laminate might not end up fully cured, most often as a result of poor processing conditions. For example, low humidity and very cold temperatures could cause a package to cure more slowly or not at all. That is why understanding the total packaging process – from the handling of the materials, laminating, pouching, and final filling – is necessary to create a truly food safe package.
One-Day Food Safety and Nylon Technology
Migration Studies
Components of adhesives for use in food packaging that are not the subject of a food additive regulation may still be used if they are not reasonably expected to become a component of the food. A migration study (a lab test to see if a detectable amount of the chemical can be extracted into the food simulant) can be conducted to determine if a new raw material or adhesive will become a component.
In order to design a successful migration study, suppliers must:
 - Define which chemicals are likely to migrate;
 - Identify potential chemical material hazards;
 - Verify an appropriate detection limit based on potential exposure.
In order to successfully plan a migration study, the intended final use of the adhesive is required. Testing samples must be prepared under the same manufacturing conditions as the end use and take into account the type of food, processing temperatures, film types and thickness, amount of adhesive used, adhesive composition, and cure times.
Time, temperature and food type are important in interpreting how end use affects migration. As time and temperature in a package increases, migration potential also increases. Fatty foods, such as meat and cheese, enhance the migration of chemical substances.
Determining the potential for migration requires an understanding of the end use or type of food and the packaging structure. Adhesive safety is in part dependent on the packaging structure or barrier film used. Different films have different barrier properties depending on thickness, temperature, and food type.
Adhesive testing is usually tested on a final formulation and packaging type, not on individual raw materials or pure adhesive. Testing on specific structure and packaging type ensures that migration does not change due to changes in curing times, conditions, adhesive, and packaging type. Migration testing typically requires 10 or more days to conduct and usually employs sophisticated, computer-controlled instrumentation.
To learn about our flexible packaging solutions, click here. You can also learn more about food safe packaging here.
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THE YOUTH METHOD 14 DAY DIET DETOX FULL REVIEW
What is The Youth Method 14 Day Diet Detox Review?. Is it real or scam diet program?.Is it really healthy?.The Youth Method 14 Day Diet Detox is a digital diet book aims to respond in 14 days as you can see from the name. It helps you with its important meal plan and other information to have a healthier body you desire. This program is meant for old ladies and priced as it deserves.
THE YOUTH METHOD 14 DAY DIET PDF
You experience various differences on your body as time pass and your age. Human body starts releasing inflammatory molecules in high rate after the 40s, which cause people to gain weight and stress out. Your body starts producing estrogen less by you age is a fact, and this would make hard losing weight. No need to worry anymore because The Youth Method is here.You can try The Youth Method and take a step from here through that slim and young body you deserve.
Actually, The Youth Method 14 Day Diet Detox is meant for women older than 40. However, it is effective in any age. The program helps you and triggers the genes which control remaining slim and young in your body. When these genes triggered and activated, you can achieve:
-Reduce the visibility of belly fat
-Blow life to saggy or dull skin
-Relax and comfort your joints
-Fix energy levels
Generally, you have to lose weight to achieve these goals. Most people don't feel they need to do it so they seek solutions through other ways. They probably choose liposuction or plastic surgery to fix their fat problems around their belly. Since these are not the real solutions but maybe temporary ones because you still have the same habits, you end up with failures. The Youth Method 14 Day Diet Detox puts its difference right this point: You will achieve tips and guides to fix your dangerous habits and treat your body well.
How does The Youth Method 14 Day Diet Detox work?
To be able to comprehend Youth Method, first, we need to realize the problem with other companies. Others make you follow different calorie and nutrient order and this exactly cause your body to hold onto fat instead of burning or removing it. Plus it causes inflammation in your body too, which is another problem to fix!
The Youth Method 14 Days Diet Detox comes with difference right this point. Youth Method helps you to reactivate the good genes that we mentioned. This happens with the limitation of some certain food groups. Those food groups are:
-Wheat based foods
-Foods made with sugar
-Any kind of processed foods
This kind of foods we mention here cause aging and fat storing in your body instead of eliminating it. Sugar, for example, is a serious reason of stress and aging which are the main reasons of other sicknesses. Also, it is not a surprise that sugar is the main actor of diabetes.
Wheat usually seems a natural and healthy ingredient, but in fact, when you digest it in your body, it turns into glucose which means it is what happens to sugar. Wheat = Sugar! These ingredients are also included in Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), which cause aging fast in your internal organs and the rest of the body. To avoid the damage of glucose, you can use fruits, vegetables, and nuts to have the same level of fiber in your body.
Processed food is the easiest one to understand. Diet foods that are low in fat or sugar, includes toxins to give the feeling which is even worse than sugar can damage. Do diet or not, it is always better to stay away from processed food.
What Are You Going to Learn From This Program?
You are going to have many helpful lessons and guides with Youth Method 14 Days Diet Detox. These tips and guides, you can also use them after your diet anytime. You will have:
-The best herbs and species for burning fat
-Guide about fixing your coffee habit and slow down aging on your skin
-The way of using dessert against skin damage and inflammation
-Learning eating fat without gaining or storing any
– Discover if healthy foods can also age you
All these are and much more are included to be Youth Method.The company provides the first three days of the regimen, so even though you know the result of the program, the company helps you to comprehend and approve detox is working well. By the first day, you are going to start destroying the inflammation and slimming down. The second day you can feel that the good genes are activated and helping your body.
RESULT OF THE YOUTH METHOD 14 DAYS DIET DETOX REVIEW:
The Youth Method 14 Days Diet Detox Review is an effective diet to burn your belly fat, fix skin aging and a bad habit of eating. It only costs $19.00 and you will have money-back-guarantee in 60 days. The program already promises to result in 14 days so you can try this product freely.Life is precious and health is very important for you.So, Don't forget,
Healthy Life.. Happy Life..


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In this lesson we will make an attempt to explain you how to draw a dog with a pencil and show some examples. This lesson consists of 9 steps, each of which features a picture and an explanation.
You can try to copy a picture of a dog, but our aim is to learn how to paint without any models. Let's compose the picture technically correct and simple. Position the drawing on a paper sheet first. Since the puppy is sitting diagonally, we will position the drawing slightly to the left of the centre.
Step 1. Draw a circle. It will make the head. Draw one more elliptical figure below, which will make the body.
Step 2. Sketch the legs and the snout and 'connect' them to the head and the body. As you can see, the basic contour of the sitting puppy is distinct.
Step 3. Draw the eyes and nose line. Outline the ears, they will be down and stick to the head.
Step 4. At this stage we are to draw eyes in detail and add wrinkles around it. It is when we should mark the lip line.
Step 5. Add details to the paws - draw the toes and the tail that is resting on the floor behind the left leg.
Step 6. To see what we have already done, erase the unneeded lines. Erase the circles and outlines.
Step 7. Draw contours and features in every detail.
Step 8. Draw the jaws and add more details to the eyes.
Step 9. Add basic shadows. Draw details and add texture to fur in places where the lines are distinct. Hatch should follow the fur direction.