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In association football, an assist is a contribution by a player which helps to score a goal. Statistics for assists made by players may be kept officially by the organisers of a competition, or unofficially by, for example, journalists or organisers of fantasy football competitions. Recording assists is not part of the official Laws of the Game and the criteria for an assist to be awarded may vary.
Most commonly, an assist is credited to a player for passing or crossing the ball to the scorer. It may also be awarded to a player whose shot rebounds (off a defender, goalkeeper or goalpost) to a teammate who scores; or to a player who wins a penalty kick for another player to convert. An attacking player may be awarded an assist for contributing to an own goal.1 Players cannot be awarded an assist for a goal they themselves score. Usually one but a maximum of two players can be awarded assists per goal.
Record of assists was virtually not kept at all until the end of the 20th century. The North American Soccer League kept assist statistics from its foundation in 1968, as its forebears the United Soccer Association and National Professional Soccer League had done the previous year.2 Analogous statistics were already being kept in basketball and in ice hockey, both established North American sports.
- An assist was awarded to the player who had given the last pass to the goalscorer.
- In addition, also the last but two holder of the ball could get an assist provided that his action had decisive importance for the goal.
- After goals from rebounds those players were awarded an assist who had shot on target.
- After goals scored on penalty or by a directly converted free-kick the fouled player received a point.
- In case that the goalscorer had laid on the goal for himself (dribble, solo run), no assists were awarded.
- No assists were awarded, either, if the goalscorer took advantage of a missed pass by an opponent.
- Where goals resulting from penalties are concerned, the player who is fouled in the area receives an assist point (unless, that is, the player who is fouled subsequently executes the penalty himself).
FIFA started officially keeping track of assists in World Cup tournaments at the 1994 edition.7 This was popularly ascribed to the popularity of detailed sports statistics among American fans.7 1994 was also the first World Cup in which assists were used as a tie-breaker in determining the Golden Shoe award for top scorer.78 In the event, both Hristo Stoichkov and Oleg Salenko finished with 19 points, from 6 goals and 1 assist.8 FIFA's Technical Study Group is responsible for awarding assist points.9
It is official practice for certain leagues to keep record of assists. The United States' Major League Soccer, for instance, formerly awarded the MLS Golden Boot based on 2 points per goal scored and one per assist. The all-time leader in assists in Major League Soccer is midfielder Steve Ralston, with 135 assists as of August 2011.10 The French league, Ligue 1, awards the Trophée de Meilleur Passeur ("best passer trophy") to the leader in assists following every season, the 2007–08 recipient being Jérôme Leroy.11
The NCAA makes regulations for statistics, including assists, in college soccer in the U.S.12 Two players may be credited with assists if the second did not have to beat a defender before passing to the scorer.13 No assist is awarded for winning a penalty.14 If a goal is scored after a save, block, or rebound from the goal frame, the first shooter gets an assist.15
In Britain, all game statistics, including assists, for the Premier League, the Scottish Premier League and the Football League are provided by PA Sport under the Actim brand.16 Since the 2006–07 season, assists have been factored into the Actim Index of Premier League player performance.17
- "Haverford College vs Alvernia College". Haverford College. 2007-09-18. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- "NASL Top Scorer Award". midfielddynamo. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- FIFA Technical Study Group (1986). "1986 World Cup Technical Report, part 4". FIFA. p. 198. Retrieved 2008-07-29. Unknown parameter
- FIFA Technical Study Group (1990). "1990 World Cup Technical Report, part 6". FIFA. p. 281. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- "World Cup 1966 statistics". Planet World Cup. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- "World Cup 1986 statistics". Planet World Cup. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- Bryan, Rebecca (11 July 1994). "Football by the numbers". Los Angeles: Agence France Presse. "the assist has gained enough ground to earn a place in the calculations for the Golden Boot award, which in every previous World Cup has been awarded solely on the basis of goals scored. Under the formula, players get three points for a goal, and one point for an assist. "We made a two point difference because we do not want someone who did not score winning the award," a FIFA official said."
- "Romario is voted the top player of World Cup '94 and winner of the FIFA/adidas Golden Ball award; Salenko and Stoichkov tie as leading scorers for World Cup USA '94". Business Wire. 17 July 1994. "[FIFA] has announced Oleg Salenko (Russia) and Hristo Stoichkov (Bulgaria) as [...] winners of the prestigious adidas Golden Shoe award [...] who made six goals and one assist each. Kennet Andersson (Sweden) with 5 goals and 3 assists, will receive a Bronze replica of the Predator [...] Throughout World Cup '94, three points were awarded for each goal scored and one point for each assist leading to a goal, with a maximum of two assists per goal. Assists are only taken into account if two or more players scored the same number of goals."
- "adidas Golden Shoe Award". FIFA. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- "All Time Leaders: Assists". Major League Soccer. Retrieved 2011-08-12.
- "Classement Passeur". Lfp.fr. Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- "Section 5: Assists". Official Soccer Statistics Rules; Approved Rulings and Interpretations. NCAA. 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
- NCAA Official Soccer Statistics Rules, §5.Art 1.(1)
- NCAA Official Soccer Statistics Rules, §5.Art 1.(3)
- NCAA Official Soccer Statistics Rules, §5.Art 1.(8),(9)
- "Actim Stats Frequently Asked Questions". PA Sport. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- "Actim Index Explained". PA Sport. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
Content from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
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Standards for the Evaluation of University Citizenship
A Faculty member's contributions as a University citizen include service to the Program, College, and the University as outlined in Table 3. The merits of University service should be evaluated as to (1) whether or not the candidate chaired the committee listed; and (2) the importance of the service to the mission of the unit served. Less tangible components of citizenship include active participation in department events such as faculty and graduate student recruitment, seminars, department meetings and seminars, etc.
Being an active and useful citizen of the Program, College and University is expected and valued; however, service of any magnitude cannot be considered more important than a candidate's research and other scholarly activity and instructional responsibilities. Expectations in service for promotion to Professor should meet high citizenship expectation for promotion to Associate Professor.
Other components of service are also considered including, but not limited to, public outreach and public and professional service in reappointment, tenure and promotion decisions and may differ in their importance among Faculty members depending on each Faculty member's duties and responsibilities within the College.
 1. Table 3. Assessment of University Citizenship for Promotion and Tenure
 Citizenship Assessment
 Examples of Accomplishments Corresponding to the Assessment Score
 Exceeds obligations
 Significant role in Program, College and/ or University as evidenced by leadership and productive service on committees, active participation in significant events, effectively chairing committees, specific administrative assignments, meaningful public outreach
 Meets obligations
 Meets the Program, College, and University obligations, participation in commencements and events (e.g., lectures, reviews), service on committee(s).
 Does not meet obligations
 Does not meet Program or College obligations in a timely manner or does not actively participate in significant
 College/University events


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ACM SIGPLAN Notices
Object-oriented languages (Computer program languages), Object-oriented methods (Computer science)--Software, Programming languages (Electronic computers)--Software
Object orientation and pattern matching are often seen as conflicting approaches to program design. Object oriented programs place type-dependent behaviour inside objects and invoke it via dynamic dispatch, while pattern matching programs place type-dependent behaviour outside data structures and invoke it via multiway conditionals (case statements). Grace is a new, dynamic, object-oriented language designed to support teaching: to this end, Grace needs to support both styles. In this paper we explain how this conflict can be resolved gracefully: by modelling patterns and cases as partial functions, reifying those functions as first-class objects, and then building up complex patterns from simpler ones using pattern combinators. We describe our design for pattern matching in Grace, and its implementation as an object-oriented framework.
Homer, Michael, et al. "Patterns as objects in Grace." ACM SIGPLAN Notices. Vol. 48. No. 2. ACM, 2012.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
(Data about data or how the map was made)
= Core Habitat
Most mammals do not migrate as birds do, so the colored areas depict the predicted range for the California Pocket Mouse
year-round. The habitats were identified using satellite imagery, other datasets and experts throughout
the state, as part of the California Gap Analysis Project.
The purpose of the vertebrate distribution maps is to provide more precise
information about the current distribution of individual native species within their general ranges than is
generally available from field guides.
Webpage designed by Dave Lester

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Anyone who has ever been to high school has probably witnessed something that vaguely resembles a hate crime. After all, teens will tease and bully each other for almost anything, from the color of their sweaters to the color of their skin. But when does a stupid joke cross the line and become a hate crime?
Just about every state has its own statute defining hate crimes. But there are some common elements to these laws.
First, there must be an intent to hurt and intimidate someone because of that person's race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.
The underlying motive for a hate crime must be one of those protected characteristics, or one specifically mentioned by law. So if someone simply picks on you because you are small or he doesn't like you, then his stupid jokes may just be stupid jokes.
However, if that person picks you out because you are gay or because of your ethnicity, then the same stupid jokes or acts of intimidation may be considered hate crimes.
A person's intent, however, can be very difficult to prove. If charges are brought against someone for a hate crime, it will be the job of prosecutors to prove hate was the underlying motive, and the criminal defense attorney's job to prove otherwise.
That is why for many crimes, prosecutors will charge someone with simple assault or battery in addition to a hate crime. So even if they can't prove hate was the underlying motive for the criminal act, then the defendant can still potentially face penalties for a non-hate-related assault.
A hate crime is oftentimes an enhancer for an already existing crime. So the penalties for illegal harassment, intimidation, or assault will simply be greater if hate motivated the crime. But a stupid joke that doesn't rise to the level of a crime like intimidation may be just that -- a stupid joke.


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What is the canopy theory?
Question: "What is the canopy theory?"
Answer: The canopy theory seeks to explain the reference in Genesis 1:6 to "the waters above the firmament," assuming that "firmament," or "expanse," as the Hebrew word is alternatively translated, refers to our atmosphere. According to the canopy theory, there was a canopy of water above the atmosphere until the cataclysm of Noah's day, at which point it disappeared either by collapsing upon the earth or dissipating into space. It is presumed to have consisted of water vapor because a canopy of ice could not have survived the constant bombardment of celestial objects like meteoroids which perpetually barrage the earth's atmosphere.
While Genesis 1:20 (KJV) does say that birds fly in the firmament, suggesting the earth's atmosphere, it also says that the sun, moon and stars reside there (Genesis 1:14-17), suggesting the entire sky from the earth's surface outward, where birds fly and celestial objects reside. The Hebrew word alternatively translated "firmament" in some translations and "expanse" in others is raqiya. It appears nine times throughout the first chapter of Genesis (in verses 6-8, 14-18 and 20) and eight more times throughout the rest of the Old Testament (in Psalms, Ezekiel and Daniel).
According to Genesis, before there was air or land or any form of life, the earth was a formless mass of primordial water. On the second day of creation, God created the raqiya, placing it in the midst of the water, thereby separating it into two parts: "the waters above the firmament [raqiya]" and the waters below it. The waters below the raqiya He named "sea" (yam in Hebrew) and the raqiya itself He named "heaven," "air" or "sky," depending on your translation of the Hebrew word shamayim. But Genesis does not provide a name for the waters above the raqiya, nor is there any water above our atmosphere today, assuming that raqiya does mean "atmosphere."
Advocates of the canopy theory once speculated that the collapse of such a vapor canopy might have provided the water for the heavy rains which inundated the earth during Noah's flood. One problem with the canopy theory, however, is, the latent heat of water and the sheer quantities of water involved. If such a vapor canopy were to collapse into rain, it would literally cook the entire planet. This is because when water converts from vapor to liquid, energy or latent heat is released in the process, causing the surrounding area to heat up; this is known as an exothermic result. Conversely, when water converts from solid form—ice—to liquid or from liquid to vapor, energy is absorbed and the surrounding area is cooled—an endothermic result.
The Genesis account calls for five-and-a-half weeks of constant rain. If a canopy consisting of enough water vapor to provide that amount of rain were to collapse, it would cook the entire planet. This is not to say that there was no vapor canopy or that it did not collapse, only that, if it did, it could not have provided the amount of rain in question (the less water, the less heat).
It is interesting to note that, if a frozen canopy were able to exist in the atmosphere despite cosmic bombardment, its collapse into liquid rain would have an extreme cooling effect and might be an explanation for the commencement of the Ice Age. Despite the fact that we know that it happened, the complex factors involved in getting an Ice Age started makes it seem impossible and baffles modern science to this day. Advocates of the canopy theory also cite the existence of a canopy as a possible cause for a variety of pre-flood anomalies, including human longevity and the apparent lack of rain or rainbows. They claim that such a canopy would filter out much of the cosmic radiation that is harmful to humans and cause the lack of rain or rainbows. However, opponents dispute such a canopy's ability to produce these results.
In defense of the view that raqiya means "atmosphere," the reference in Genesis 1:14-17 to the sun, moon and stars residing there may have simply been a phenomenological statement, just as our modern terms "sunset" and "sunrise" are phenomenological descriptions. That is, we know full well that the sun is stationary and doesn't really "rise" or "set," despite our usage of terms implying its movement from our earth-bound vantage point.
Whatever the case may be, there is no canopy up there today and any suggestion that there was one in the past is speculation because there simply isn't enough evidence one way or the other, except for the one enigmatic reference to waters above the firmament in Genesis 1:6, and no one claims to know for sure what that means.
Recommended Resources: The Case for a Creator by Lee Strobel and Logos Bible Software.
What does the Bible say about Creation vs. evolution?
What is the Intelligent Design Theory?
What is Progressive Creationism and is it biblical?
What was the firmament in the Bible?
What does Creation "ex nihilo" mean?
Questions about Creation
What is the canopy theory?


Expressions used in Everyday Spoken English in Social and Professional contexts
shake on it
shake on it
1) shake hands in agreement
 - How to MemorizePopularity MediumProfessional MediumSocial
 - let's shake on it
 - Analysis
 This phrase is usually one that is spoken. When you say 'let's shake on it' you are sealing a deal or shaling hands in order to formally agree on something. "Are we both happy with all of the terms here? I think we have a deal, let's shake on it." This is a friendly way of finalising an agreement or ending a negotiation.
 - Professional Examples (Basic)
 1. Buyer: "Would you accept 100 Euro for the goods?" Seller: "Okay, let's shake on it."
 2. After hours of negotiations, they shook hands on a deal worth millions of pounds. All that was left to do to make it official was to finalise the contract and have both parties sign it.
 - Social Examples (Basic)
 1. If we both agree, let's shake on it.
 2. Yari said he would pay me ten euro if his team lost, we shook on it and everything!
 - Further Suggestions
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Although igloos are usually associated with all Inuit, they were predominantly constructed by people of Canada's Central Arctic and Greenland's Thule area. Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from whalebone and hides. Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an insulator. On the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49 °F), but on the inside the temperature may range from −7 °C (19 °F) to 16 °C (61 °F) when warmed by body heat alone.
The Inuit word iglu (plural igluit) can be used for a house or home built of any material, and is not restricted exclusively to snowhouses (called specifically igluvijaq, plural igluvijait), but includes traditional tents, sod houses, homes constructed of driftwood and modern buildings. Several dialects throughout the Canadian Arctic (Siglitun, Inuinnaqtun, Natsilingmiutut, Kivalliq, North Baffin) use iglu for all buildings, including snowhouses, and it is the term used by the Government of Nunavut. An exception to this is the dialect used in the Igloolik region. Iglu is used for other buildings, while igluvijaq, (plural igluvijait, Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᒡᓗᕕᔭᖅ) is specifically used for a snowhouse. Outside Inuit society, however, "igloo" refers exclusively to shelters constructed from blocks of compacted snow, generally in the form of a dome.
There are three traditional types of igloos, all of different sizes and all used for different purposes.
- The smallest was constructed as a temporary shelter, usually only used for one or two nights. These were built and used during hunting trips, often on open sea ice.
- Intermediate-sized igloos were for semi-permanent, family dwelling. This was usually a single room dwelling that housed one or two families. Often there were several of these in a small area, which formed an Inuit village.
- The largest igloos were normally built in groups of two. One of the buildings was a temporary structure built for special occasions, the other built nearby for living. These might have had up to five rooms and housed up to 20 people. A large igloo might have been constructed from several smaller igloos attached by their tunnels, giving common access to the outside. These were used to hold community feasts and traditional dances.
The snow used to build an igloo must have enough structural strength to be cut and stacked appropriately. The best snow to use for this purpose is snow which has been blown by wind, which can serve to compact and interlock the ice crystals. The hole left in the snow where the blocks are cut is usually used as the lower half of the shelter. Sometimes, a short tunnel is constructed at the entrance to reduce wind and heat loss when the door is opened. Because of snow's excellent insulating properties, inhabited igloos are surprisingly comfortable and warm inside. In some cases, a single block of clear ice is inserted to allow light into the igloo. Animal skins were used as door flaps to keep warm air in. Igloos used as winter shelters had beds made of ice and caribou furs. These 'ice beds' are unique to the region and Eskimo culture.
Architecturally, the igloo is unique in that it is a dome that can be raised out of independent blocks leaning on each other and polished to fit without an additional supporting structure during construction. An igloo that is built correctly will support the weight of a person standing on the roof. Also, in the traditional Inuit igloo the heat from the kudlik (qulliq, stone lamp) causes the interior to melt slightly. This melting and refreezing builds up a layer of ice that contributes to the strength of the igloo.
The sleeping platform is a raised area. Because warmer air rises and cooler air settles, the entrance area acts as a cold trap whereas the sleeping area will hold whatever heat is generated by a stove, lamp or body heat.
The Central Inuit, especially those around the Davis Strait, lined the living area with skin, which could increase the temperature within from around 2 °C (36 °F) to 10–20 °C (50–68 °F).
Nanook of the North
The 1922 documentary Nanook of the North contains the oldest surviving movie footage of an Inuit constructing an igloo. In the film, Nanook, whose real name was Allakariallak, builds a large family igloo as well as a smaller igloo for sled pups. Nanook demonstrates the use of an ivory snow knife to cut and trim snow block, as well as the use of clear ice for a window. His igloo was built in about one hour, and was large enough for five people. The igloo was cross-sectioned for filmmaking, so interior shots could be made.
- "Iglu". Asuilaak Living Dictionary. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
- "How Warm is an Igloo?, BEE453 Spring 2003 (PDF)" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- "The Mackenzie Inuit Winter House" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- "Reconstructing traditional Inuit house forms using three-dimensional interactive computer modelling" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- "About the Flag and Coat of Arms". Gov.nu.ca. 1999-04-01. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- Inuinnaqtun English Dictionary. Cambridge Bay, Nunavut: Nunavut Arctic College, 1996.
- "Igluvijaq". Asuilaak Living Dictionary. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
- "What house-builders can learn from igloos, 2008, Dan Cruickshank, BBC". BBC News. 2008-04-02. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- Richard Gv. Condon, Julia Ogina and the Holman Elders, The Northern Copper Inuit (ISBN 0-8020-0849-6)
- Igloo – the Traditional Arctic Snow Dome
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Igloo|
|Look up igloo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
- Watch How to Build an Igloo (National Film Board of Canada)
- Building an Igloo, by Hugh McManners
- Field Manual for the U.S. Antarctic Program, Chapter 11: "Snow Shelters", pp. 140-145
- Traditional Dwellings: Igloos (1) (Interview; Library and Archives Canada)
- An article on igloos from The Canadian Encyclopedia
- How to Build an Igloo (wikiHow)
- UIUC Students build an igloo


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allegiance, in political terms, the tie that binds an individual to another individual or institution. The term usually refers to a person's legal obligation of obedience to a government in return for the protection of that government, although it may have reference to any institution that one is bound to support. In the United States allegiance is required of both citizens and resident aliens. In ordinary speech, the term may include supplemental emotional ties that make it loosely synonymous with loyalty.
Individuals develop allegiances to social groups, such as family, school, club, and religion, through processes of socialization; recent scholars have examined the connection of these more intimate processes to the maintenance or shift of political allegiances. Political scientists distinguish between natural allegiance, which arises from membership by birth within a political society; express allegiance, which arises from an oath or promise to support a political society, usually resulting from naturalization; local allegiance, in which an alien pledges temporary allegiance to a government for the protection it offers; and legal allegiance, which arises in certain cases from an oath taken to support a government temporarily, as when a foreign soldier joins its armed forces.
Under European laws a people did not have the right to change allegiance without consent of their governments. In 1868 the United States declared that it was the right of any citizen to voluntarily transfer allegiance to another government. Great Britain provided the same opportunity for its subjects in 1870, and thereafter other European states followed similar policies. The process of expatriation, however, is by no means universal.
See also Pledge of Allegiance.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on allegiance from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Political Science: Terms and Concepts


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Elasticity of demand is equal to the percentage change of quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price in this video, we go over specific termino. Advertisements: the extent of responsiveness of demand with change in the price is not always the same the demand for a product can be elastic or inelastic, depending on the rate of change in the demand with respect to change in price of a product. Price elasticity of demand is a way of looking at sensitivity of price related to product demand demand elasticity is an economic concept also known as price elasticity. Price elasticity of demand and supply the price elasticity of demand is given by the formula: the price elasticity of supply is given by a similar formula:.
With examples - how to calculate price elasticity of demand ped = % change in qd / % change in price (also how to calculate a percentage). Cross price elasticity (xed) measures the responsiveness of demand for good x following a change in the price of a related good y. Point elasticity is the price elasticity of demand at a specific point on the demand curve instead of over a range of it it uses the same formula as the general price elasticity of demand measure, but we can take information from the demand equation to solve for the "change in" values instead of actually calculating a change given two points. Elasticity the price elasticity of demand measures the sensitivity of the quantity demanded to changes in the price demand is inelastic if it does not respond much to price changes, and elastic if demand changes.
In economics, the demand elasticity refers to how sensitive the demand for a good is to changes in other economic variables demand elasticity is important because it helps firms model the potential change in demand due to changes in price of the good, the effect of changes in prices of other goods and many other important market factors. Price elasticity of demand (ped) is the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price it is also the slope of the demand curve. Ped measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in price - inelastic or elastic an explanation of what influences elasticity, the importance of elasticity and impact of taxes. Get an answer for 'why is price elasticity of demand important to firms'and find homework help for other business questions at enotes.
Factors affecting the price elasticity of demand | economics the following points highlight the seven main factors affecting the price elasticity of demand the factors are: 1. Get an answer for 'if price elasticity of demand is zero, what does it mean' and find homework help for other business questions at enotes.
Ec202 principles of microeconomics elasticity page 3 an application of price elasticity of demand if the quantity demanded for milk were 100 units and the price elasticity of demand for milk was. Price elasticity of demand by patrick l anderson, richard d mclellan, joseph p overton, and dr gary l wolfram | nov 13, 1997 the law of demand, namely that the higher the price of a good, the less consumers will purchase, has. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in a product's own price.
Introduction the responsiveness of tobacco consumption to price and income increases is measured by the price and income elasticity of demand respectively. When trying to determine how to maximize profit, businesses use price elasticity to see how responsive quantity demanded is to a price change. The price elasticity of demand (midpoint method) calculator computes the price elasticity of demand which measures how much the quantity demanded responds to changes in the price of a good.
Elasticity of demand refers to price elasticity of demand it is the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of a commodity due to change in price, other things remaining the same. In economics, the cross elasticity of demand or cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded for a good to a change in the price of another good, ceteris paribus. 1 price elasticity of demand example questions review: first, a quick review of price elasticity of demand from lecture on 02/19/09 the definition, of price elasticity of demand (ped) is:. Price elasticity theory was once the haunt of classical economists today, companies such as uber are combining the theory with big data to redefine possibilities.Download


TED Conversations
Lizanne Hennessey
Singer Songwriter & Vocal Coach, Lizanne Hennessey - Voice Coach
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How do you show appreciation?
Today, I directed my children's choir during a performance. I was proud as punch of how they made the most of their voices, how they truly understood what they were singing, and how they were carrying that message over to the audience, who got it.
After the performance, one of the youngest members of my choir came up to me and said she had a really fun time singing this morning, and that I was the best teacher she ever had. My heart was filled with appreciation.
How do you show your appreciation?
Who have you recently appreciated, and why?
progress indicator
 - Jun 2 2013: It is rare o find a child with enough maturity to understand that everyone appreciates kind words, even teachers.
 I generally try and recognize effort, diligence, facing adversity with honor, grace under pressure, and demonstrations of outstanding moral character or action by recognizing the person, shaking a hand, and just saying "Well done". Usually such attributes are their own reward, but now and then, it doesn't hurt to be recognized.
 I recognize anyone and everyone I see accomplish such actions, strangers, familiy members, co-workers, and friends.
 - Jun 3 2013: Hi Robert,
 you know, appreciation can really be shown in the smallest gesture. This young girl's words, (she just recently turned 6) and her big smile was enough to make months of effort worth it. I agree, I was impressed that of all the members, most of which are twice her age, she knew the importance of showing her gratitude.
 It's exactly what you say, recognition. An applause after a performance, a pat on the back, a smile.
 I find appreciation daily, right here on TED. I know my words will be read, pondered over and respected, just as I will read, ponder and respect others. Genuine two-way appreciation.
 - thumb
 Jun 2 2013: JFK put it best as far as how to show your appreciation.
 Recently, I've appreciated all of my teachers, friends, and teammates for what they've done for me and our little high school community.
 - Jun 3 2013: I am appreciating all of you right now, for being here, for contributing, for your integrity and your respect, for your truth and honesty. If you can, imagine a deeply gracious smile and a warm embrace, given from me to you, with the most genuine appreciation I can muster.
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 Jun 3 2013: By return act of kindness and gratitude. I may not always prefer to verbalize the feeling of appreciation but will remember and repay by action.
 - thumb
 Jun 3 2013: I constantly by nature find myself giving appreciation to others. My TED posts will often incorporate appreciation in them. An appreciation for others points of view/thoughts/comments and time. We all give our time here to make these posts. Time is something that we may give but cannot get back. As such, it is a generous act.
 When we don't appreciate something, we take it for granted. When we take things for granted, we lose our respect for them and as a consequence we become less as a person.
 When I see someone, an individual, I not only see that person but I also see their entire lineage, their entire family tree journey from wherever we all started so many millenia ago. In effect we are all time travellers! :D
 - thumb
 Jun 3 2013: try to say thank you a lot, even when it's just a small thing like someone handing me a pencil.
 Also try to recognize when someone says something good, like when someone makes a good point, I'll say "good point," or when asks a good question I'll say "great question."
 When I walk on the street I make frequent eye contact with the people walking toward me, I just enjoy looking into people's eyes, seeing their faces and expressions, it's amazing how many smiles and nods and "how's it going?'s" I get, it's just all day smiles.
 I appreciate you, L, what I love about you is your responsiveness, how you get back to people on these convos, plus saying good stuff to begin with.
 - Jun 3 2013: Greg, you definitely have grasped the concept that an act of appreciation can be something so simple! I too, live by this. Thank you for your compliments! I feel I have finally found a place where I can voice my thoughts and feel appreciated in doing so. :)
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 Jun 3 2013: No dearth of ideas to show appreciation
 words written or spoken, gestures, deeds and
 Sometimes just being around.
 I usually appreciate people, it encourages and makes them happy.
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 Jun 3 2013: G'day Lizanne
 I thank people a lot especially when I have enjoyed their company. Shout them a beer or two or dinner, help them when I'm needed.
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 - Jun 3 2013: LaMar,
 helping each other out like this is a sign of genuine appreciation, absolutely. I can't imagine, those other 20 cars didn't feel a pang of guilt as they sped by you. This is a good example of yet another stigma based on lack of trust in each other, when trust in each other is what we need most of all!!
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 Jun 7 2013: I don't know,.
 Receiving a gesture of appreciation is a very personal bound between the giver and the receiver. It's like the sound of someone's voice that enables you to easily find them in a crowd when they call out your name. You feel a flush of satisfaction when you recognize the caller. You have been identified as worthy of someone else's attention. Receiving appreciation is similar to that If done suddenly without a foreshadowing.
 A smile and a touch are usually good affectual gestures.
 That special knowing look speaks to their humanity.
 Children love it when the teacher is not only strong and in control but also soft and human like them. It gives them power to affect that human side of you and still feel safe within the strength of your presence. The give and take of appreciation adds a sweetness to life, enhancing its spiritual flavour. It makes being human a wonderful experience.
 Most of the time, when an event is a collaborative effort, at it's conclusion, there is a sense of accomplishment that needs no words to express. It is internally understood that it is the mutuality that created the moment that all can appreciate together.


How Are You, performance, durational, 2019
writing a score and performing were all together collaboration with Sohyeon Jenny Eom
During the performance, Jenny and I are building sentence by speaking a word back to back. For example, if I say "HOW" she say "ARE" and then I say "YOU. Since the number of the word in sentence is odd number, like 3 words, or 7 words, person who starts the sentence is rotated. The score were losely woven, so how many times repeated, and which adjectives to say were improvisational.
performance score, written by Woohee Cho and Sohyeon Jenny Eom


Saturday, August 3, 2013
Web-based Polling in Library Instruction
Jared Hoppenfeld's article "Keeping students engaged with web-based polling in the library instruction session" introduces web-polling as a means to promote student engagement. His literature review covers several areas, such as the main constituents of library instruction in academic libraries--Millennials, active learning, Audience Response Systems and web-based polling, as well as mobile technologies. Indeed, he has provided a thorough overview of the topic, bringing to light some web-based polling sites I was not aware of previously: Text the Mob and SMS Poll
Of more particular interest to me, he offers suggestions on types of questions that a library instructor might ask during a typical library instruction session. Hoppenfeld starts with an icebreaker, such as "How happy are you that college football season is here?" If the class takes place closer to Valentine's Day he might ask about profits related to chocolate sales (243). This signals to students that the class will not be a regular library lecture class, and it also introduces them to the polling software.
Hoppenfeld's second set of questions deals more with student knowledge. Where are they coming from? What have they tried when conducting research? He may ask where they might discover a journal article, in a catalog or in a database. "An open-ended poll is also used to find out what resources the students have previously used for their research" (243). This offers an opportunity to discuss what they have tried and explain why they would want to take advantage of the library resources. What are the pros and cons of searching Google, Wikipedia, or
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Styles of handwriting
Until 1875 the so-called "German" or "Gothic" style of handwriting was commonly used in Denmark. This was also the style of script that children were taught in school. Practically all the older documents in the Archives are written in this style - it is necessary to learn how to read it if you wish to use the records at The Danish National Archives.
There are some letters that you should pay particular attention to. The letters "f", "h" and the extended "s" are quite similar and could easily be mistaken for each other. The short "s" might resemble the Latin "r" as it is used in present-day handwriting. The letters "v" and "r" also appear to be similar.
Spelling from bygone-ages
When using Records from some historic period do not expect to find the same spelling of a word that might be found in a modern dictionary. You must not expect the spelling to be correct, or that the same word will be spelled the same each time it is written. Often a word will be spelled two or three different ways – on the same page, or even within the same sentence!
In older texts, from around _PHONE_, you might find some words spelled with an "i" where contemporary Danish would require an "e". For instance, the word "her" (in Danish, "hendes") spelled "hendis"; or "their" (in Danish, "deres") would be spelled "deris". Similarly the letter "g" could be substituted by "ck" or "ch". Thus, the word "and" (in Danish, "og") could be spelled "ock" or "och". Another difficulty could arise if the writer spoke a dialect, which would often be reflected in the spelling and usage of certain Words.


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Learning Technologies in Schools Program (LTS)
Learning Technologies in Schools (LTS)
The Learning Technologies in Schools (LTS) program provides the knowledge and skills needed to effectively integrate technology in the teaching/learning process whether in the face-to-face classroom, online, or a combination. The LTS program prepares teachers to assume leadership roles in implementing, supervising, managing, and integrating technology resources in K-12 learning environments. Graduates of this program frequently become the local expert and change agent for technology in schools. Master's and Graduate Certificate Programs are available.
This program includes a course of study structured by the cohort process. Twenty-four students will be selected for participation in the cohort group and admitted for graduate study. Students will begin and end the program together as a group. The program focuses on the integration of technology in the K-12 classroom.Highlights of the Cohort Program
- Attending classes one night a week during the school year and one summer semester
- Finishing the program in 5 semesters
- Being supported by a peer group of 24 where members start and finish together
- Building on what you learned from one semester to the next, never having to cover "old ground"
- Experiencing reasonable entrance and exit requirements
- Never worrying about which courses to take or when courses will be offered


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Q. What is Dermatoglyphics?
A. Dermatoglyphics is the study of fingerprint and hand patterns. These patterns are unique and are connected with one's genetic composition and are directly related to our nervous system. In other words, Dermatoglyphics can reveal out innate qualities and talents. Dermatoglyphics has been studies for years in the medical fields, especially when it comes to genetically-linked diseases. The formation of the hands begins very early on in fetal development and fingerprints are also used to identify criminals, and because fingerprints stay for long, scientists have even successfully taken fingerprints from mummies by carefully rehydrating the skin.
Q. Can Dermatoglyphics test help me?
A. Ever child has different qualifications and potential, but often parents are not able to understand the child's talents. Dermatoglyphics tests can help parents in understanding their children mind and brain cells, child's unique qualities, and develop them as soon as possible. Apart from these, you can also learn how to provide a congenial environment to the children according to their personalities and characteristics.
Dermatoglyphics test help in understanding people on the basis of the following:
- The structure of the superior order of brain function
- Learning how to operate a keen ability
- Visual, auditory, somatosensory learning the proper
- Fourth, learning and education, communication
- Eight multi-intelligence potential
Q. Is Dermatoglyphics testing scientific or Medical basic?
A. Both. Dermatoglyphics is based on many scientists likewise "genetics", "Embryology", "brain science", and the other science-based and the use of observation combined with clinical experience.
Q. Is Dermatoglyphics testing Palm Reading or Palmistry?
A. No. The dermatoglyphics tests are based on the most novel scientific medical research as a root. Dermatoglyphics tests refers to the growth in human hands, ridges on the soles of the feet, which is constant whole lifetime; and palm readers are targeted at handheld staff recessed lines which are subject to change from time to time.
Q. Is Dermatoglyphics test is not an IQ test?
A. Dermatoglyphics test is not an IQ test. DMIT is broadly defined definition of varied tests of multiple intelligences that include logical and mathematical intelligence, body - kinesthetic intelligence, linguistic intelligence, spatial intelligence, body, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and last but not the least naturalist intelligence which is included in the eight intelligence. IQ test is a simple test which takes into consideration only logical and mathematical intelligence test.
Q. What specific help can be given?
A. With the help of dermatoglyphics, we can find out:
- Find out the most appropriate way of teaching and communication
- The learning barrier because from the inappropriate stimulation and teaching
- Why are the children always opposing to your
- Why are the children not interested in their learning?
- Why are the children so active, so stubborn, or why can they concentrate or sit still?
Q. How accurate is the dermatoglyphics multiple intelligences test?
A. Dermatoglyphics combines genetics, embryology and neurobiology. Fingerprint patterns are not random; rather they are arranged as per the individual genetic makeup. Dermatoglyphics multiple intelligence tests is proven scientifically. In addition, data acquisition is computerized. Therefore, achieving an accuracy of 90% is not a tough job. Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligence and identified the brain structures are in charge of the intelligence area. So, therefore sooner the child understands the situation of dermatoglyphics, we can motivate and help the child in developing multiple intelligence as soon as possible.
Q. How Will a Dermatoglyphics Assessment Benefit Me?
A. Every child has distinct qualities and potential. If through scientific methods, we can understand a child's inner talents, we can teach them better and properly. If a child is already strong, with more clarity and guidance, he would get stronger. However, if a child is naturally weak and then is not developed in later life/stages he may lose that ability. So, it becomes important to give the precise and correct inspiration as soon as possible to avoid the wastage of valuable ability.


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Grape mealybug—Pseudococcus maritimus
Grape mealybugs are soft, oval, flattened insects. Their
bodies are distinctly segmented; divisions among the head,
thorax, and abdomen are not distinct. The adult female is
about 5 mm long and appears smoothly dusted with a white,
mealy, wax secretion. Long caudal filaments along the lateral
margin of the body become progressively shorter toward the
A new vine mealybug has
recently invaded California vineyards. This species has
shorter filaments than the grape mealybug.
Mealybugs excrete large quantities of sticky honeydew, which drips onto fruit clusters and later turns
black from sooty mold. Some berries may crack. Mealybugs do not injure vines.
Remove loose bark in winter; young mealybugs and eggs are concealed in such places until spring. High
temperatures in June kill much of the most damaging brood. Control
of ants (which interfere with natural
enemies) is important. Oils applied during dormancy can reduce numbers somewhat.


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(HealthDay News) -- Almost a quarter of your body's bones are in your feet. So it makes sense that the feet and toes have their fair share of broken bones.
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons offers these suggestions for treating a broken toe:
- If you suspect a fracture, see your doctor as soon as possible.
- Try to keep weight off the foot.
- Refrain from the activity that caused the injury.
- Apply ice, wrapped in a towel and applied for a maximum of 20 minutes at a time, to the fracture to help reduce swelling.
- Take an over-the-counter pain reliever.
- Wear wide shoes with stiff soles.


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India: What do people from Uttar Pradesh take pride in?
The Joy of Simplicity: Traditional Lifestyle of Uttar Pradesh
Look, it's no secret that the people of Uttar Pradesh find pride in the simplest of things. When I say simple, I mean before the modern conveniences of fast internet or high-tech gadgets. So, what do you get to see when you walk through the narrow streets of Uttar Pradesh? The charmingly beautiful mud houses with their straw-covered roofs represent the hardworking hands and the toilsome labor of the locals. You see, each house carries a story, a centuries-old family tradition seeped into every tiny brick. It's an embodiment of resilience, patience, and determinism.
For them, happiness doesn't come in a fancy car or a comfy air-conditioned room, but rather it floats through the tiniest things of daily life, like their cattle grazing freely in the open fields, the smell from burnished soil after the first drop of monsoon rain, the sounds of the local temples reverberating through their tranquil mornings. It's an unmatched joy that they take immense pride in. And honestly, shouldn't we all look for happiness in these simple things?
God's Own Land: Spirituality Echoing Throughout Uttar Pradesh
In the heart of the Indian subcontinent, Uttar Pradesh is better known as the spiritual capital of India. If you want to experience the euphoria of faith, get on board for a spiritual journey through Uttar Pradesh. The reverberations of ancient temples, the soft serene music from the ghats of Varanasi, the echoing aarti during the twilight time, the droplets of divine essence splashed on each passerby; this divine melody is what fills the veins of Uttar Pradesh.
Now, faith isn't just about the numerous temples and holy sites, it roots deeper. It's intrinsically woven into the daily lives of its inhabitants. They value it so profoundly, that to them, it's akin to the air they breathe. When I was strolling through the lanes of Mathura, I saw local children joyously dancing the 'Rasa Lila', mimicking the divine love of Radha-Krishna. Now, isn't that faith personified through actions? Our faith should mirror in our ways, as beautifully as they do. Impressive, isn't it?
The Taste of Tradition: Culinary Masterpieces from Uttar Pradesh
So, Rohan, what is the one thing that one must never miss when in Uttar Pradesh? If you ask me, it's the iconic Awadhi Biryani. Now, if you've not tasted this culinary masterpiece, oh my, my, you've surely missed out on something amazingly delicious. This classic one-pot dish, packed with aromatic Indian spices and luscious meats, is just divine. It doesn't merely satiate your hunger but also warms your senses, leaving you craving for more.
But hey, that's not all. Uttar Pradesh has a myriad of mouth-watery dishes waiting to be savored. From Galauti Kebabs and creamy Shahi Tukdas to the rich and sweet Petha and gazak, every bit of these delicacies invites you to the gastronomical celebration that is vibrant, delicious, and heartwarming. Honestly, isn't there pride to be found in every luscious bite? Indeed, there is!
The Tapestry of Art and Culture: Uttar Pradesh's Variegated Heritage
Steeped in rich heritage, Uttar Pradesh is the kaleidoscopic saga of historic marvels, diverse cultures, beautiful arts, and vibrant festivals. From the intricate and delicate Chikankari embroidery to the traditional blue pottery, the people here have carefully preserved and breathed life into their ancestral crafts, passing them down through generations as treasures of their legacy.
And let's not forget about their vibrant festivals, each bringing new colors, flavors, and joy to the households. During Holi, the streets of Uttar Pradesh turn into a blast of colors, laughter echoing amid the festive cheers and everyone dancing away to the beats of the dol. Just think about it...underneath the colors lies another layer that personifies a deeper emotion, an inexplicable feeling that binds each individual together in a celebration of unity, love, and acceptance. It's not just a festival; it's an emotion deeply rooted in their hearts, and that's a pride flag they sway high!
Nature's Paradise: The Breathtakingly Beautiful Landscape of Uttar Pradesh
God surely took His time crafting the picturesque beauty of Uttar Pradesh. As vast and variegated as the culture of this land, its landscape ranges from the fertile Doaba region fertile with its lush green fields of wheat and mustard, the vast wetlands filled with exotic birds, to the thick forest reserves housing some of the majestic creatures of wild. Every corner here tells the tale of its beautiful cohabitation with nature.
I remember, during my visit to Dudhwa National park, I was bowled over by the beautiful amalgamation of wildlife in its raw form coexisting with the rustic lifestyle of the local Tharu tribe. It's a unique co-existence that has shaped their lives intertwined with nature's essence. Isn't it a beauty worth treasuring? Their realization and respect for this bond with nature is something they hold in high esteem, an immense source of pride.
Now, wouldn't it be just wonderful if we all took a leaf of learning from the proud people of Uttar Pradesh and celebrated the joy of simplicity, the beauty of our roots, the tradition of faith, and the bonding with nature in our everyday lives?


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Without any of the trappings of a Hollywood premiere, a documentary made by University of Miami law students in the Historic Black Church Program's Oral History Project had its first public screening at a Coconut Grove school that is at the heart of the film's real-life story.
The documentary, titled "G.W. Carver: A Community School," focuses on Carver from its inception more than a century ago to its integration in the wake of the Civil Rights Act. The film – made in collaboration with the Coconut Grove Ministerial Alliance, Ransom Everglades School and the University of Miami School of Communication – features a number of notable African-American figures who attended Carver and went on to leave a lasting impression not only on Miami's Coconut Grove community but the nation.
The premiere, hosted by Miami Law's Center for Ethics and Public Service, took place on Thursday, April 5, at 6 p.m. at the G.W. Carver Middle School, 4901 Lincoln Drive.
CEPS' Historic Black Church Program Oral History Project uses filmed documentaries to compile historical archives for church congregations and ministries. Students conduct videotaped interviews with congregants and ministers, edit the film, and organize panel discussions on the subjects at issue. Two earlier films focused on the history of the West Grove and the West Grove churches.
G.W. Carver – which includes elementary and middle schools – can trace its history to 1899, when it was known at The Little Schoolhouse. In 1943, the year George Washington Carver died, it was named after him. Carver was a scientist, botanist, educator and inventor who is believed to have been born into slavery in Missouri in 1864. Carver was the first black student and faculty member of Iowa State College. He later became director of agriculture at Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, where his pioneering research of 300 uses for the peanut led to multi-crop farming that saved the South's economy.
For decades, the Carver school's students lived under Jim Crow laws, segregated from whites in all aspects of everyday life, the school's website says. Carver was desegregated in 1970 by court order.
CEPS' Historic Black Church Program is headed by law Professor Anthony V. Alfieri, director of the Center for Ethics and Public Service, which for more than a decade has been immersed in helping the distressed areas of the Coconut Grove community. Cynthia McKenzie is the program's manager. The documentary project had as collaborators the UM School of Communication's Kim Grinfeder, an Assistant Professor in Visual Journalism, and Visiting Professor Maggie Steber; Don Cramp Jr., the Dean of Students at Ransom Everglades School; and UM law students Erica Gooden, 3L; Erika Kane, 3L; Quinshawna Landon, 3L; Amanda Darlington, 2L; Alexa Diambois, 2L; Pamela Adewoyin, 1L; Jewell Reddick, 1L; and Christine Tudor, 1L.


Sister Cities of the World
Sister cities of Archena
Archena is a municipality of Spain in the autonomous community and province of Murcia. It has a population of 16,707 (2006) and an area of 16.5 km2 (6.4 sq mi). It is 24 km (15 mi) from the provincial capital, Murcia.
Archena is home to a hot water mineral spa, dating back to Roman times and has 3 hotels built around it. Whilst undergoing recent development, further Roman ruins were found on the site of the spa.
Content on this page is licensed under CC-BY-SA from the authors of the following Wikipedia pages: List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain, Archena. Note that the data on Wikipedia is highly unreliable. In many cases, sister cities are missing or wrongly listed. Some cities also have different levels of partnership. If you find an error, please make a correction on the relevant Wikipedia pages and cite your sources.


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If you have a clothes dryer, you certainly have the daily task of cleaning the lint filter. This keeps the air flow moving, and removes potential fire hazard. Most people just throw this "fluff" away. As the "Queen of Cheap," I'm not tossing this away. You can use it for pillow stuffing and mini quilt batting. You can make paper mache. Or you can make lovely hand made paper. We enjoy this as a fun craft project.
Commercial artists who make hand made papers use a form called a deckle to make their paper sheets. Its basically a picture frame with a fine mess screen stretched over it. Its dipped into a vat of fiber. Once an even layer is collected, its removed and the water is pressed out forming paper sheet. The sheet is then popped out to dry.
I've simplified this process to use common kitchen objects to make smaller paper sheets. This will give you a chance to learn and have fun, for little or no expense.
Plastic lid from a large butter tub (or something similar)
a piece of old sheet large enough to cover the butter tub lid
towels for blotting water
Dish Pan, large cake pan, etc.
Take the butter tub lid and poke small holes all over it from the inside. Don't make them too big. Make as many as you can without ripping the lid apart. Use common sense.
Place a on a water proof surface --or just do the whole project outside where you can get messy. Place one folded towel down on the pressing surface.
Put water in the dish pan. Add dryer lint until its like a moderately thick soup. Take the butter tub lid you are using for a deckle and swirl it in the soup mass of water and lint. Remove. Place it on the folded towel. Cover with the old sheet scrap. Cover with the second towel and press the water from the lint/paper. You can emboss patterns on it now by pressing shapes on it.
Pick up the covering towel and sheet scrap. Now you can see the nice round piece of paper laying there. Flip the lid over to tap what is now paper onto a surface to dry. An old window screen is best, but any flat dry surface will do. Let the paper dry --- and use for art projects!! This is sooooo much easier than having to rip paper scraps and soak them, etc..
Keep repeating the process until the lint is used up. Let the aper dry for several days. If you dry on a flat surface and not a screen turn once or twice so it doesn't mildew.
Enjoy your paper!!


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Social Issues in Sport
Title: Social Issues in Sport
Author: Woods, Ronald B.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Call No.: GV706.5.W655 2007
From the Publisher: Sport is all around us. Yet few of us look critically at how it affects our lives—and even fewer look at how we as a society affect sport. Social Issues in Sport is an outstanding introduction to the multifaceted roles of sport and physical activity in society and the perfect tool for examining sport from a critical perspective. The text's engaging writing style, full-color format, and sound learning tools make it accessible and effective at getting students involved in and excited about the material. A full array of instructor resources make this book a highly functional and enjoyable way for instructors to introduce this subject to their students.
While the book is solidly grounded in research, it does not dwell on theory. Social Issues in Sport is written to whet the appetite of students in sport management and sport studies for a deeper look at the issues, contradictions, and confusion that characterize our love–hate affair with sport. In Social Issues in Sport, students will find heavy emphasis on areas that other texts often overlook—including the role of coaches, importance of lifetime sport and fitness, sport in education, and sport for special populations such as the physically and mentally challenged and the elderly. As a result, students gain a complete view of what constitutes sport and physical activity and a firm grasp of the sociocultural considerations vital to their understanding of sport. Students are encouraged to see the sport world not only with their eyes wide open to the problems but also with an optimistic, encouraging view of its future.
Author Ronald Woods draws on a lifetime in sport as a participant, observer, fan, teacher, coach, administrator, and critic. His wide-lens view of sport helps students make sense of the world of sport and physical activity and, more important, apply it to their own personal and professional lives. Woods' easy-to-comprehend distinction between sport for recreational participation, high performance, and spectating illuminates for students the profound differences in how sport can be viewed and challenges their thinking about their own roles as participants and spectators. Woods' diverse background in sports gives him a unique perspective and allows him to write with a style and clarity that students will appreciate.
This full-color book is organized into four parts that reflect the presence of sports around us. Part I sets the stage for studying sport in society. Part II examines the scope and effect of sport on society. Part III explores sport as an institution and how it functions within other institutions such as schools, colleges, and the Olympic movement. Part IVfocuses on the interaction between our society's culture and sports.
In 19 chapters, the book enthusiastically invites students to explore many issues, such as how a participant, spectator, coach, and administrator may have differing views of sports; how to distinguish between different levels of play, games, and sport when assessing the role of sport; and what trends to expect in the future and how to be part of a positive development of sporting structures.
Social Issues in Sports contains the following features that encourage learning:
-An engaging writing style, rich with examples and pedagogical aids, gets students excited about and invested in the sporting world around them.
-Interesting sidebars include up-close profiles of significant people and organizations (In the Arena With), examples of how sport is viewed in the public (Pop Culture), and insights from those who study the subject extensively (Expert's View).
-Activity Time-Outs, nicely integrated with the text, invite readers to recognize and assess the sociocultural issues that sport raises and apply the book's concepts to their own lives.
-An instructor guide, test package, and presentation package provide instructors with tools and assignment ideas to ensure that students remain engaged.
Social Issues in Sport is an engaging, in-depth, and inspiring resource that will help students understand the value of sport and its limitations and equip them to make choices about the role sports will play in their lives.
About the Author: Ron Woods,Ph.D is a performance coach at the Human Performance Institute in Orlando,Florida and an adjunct professor at the University of Tampa and the University of South Florida. Ron formerly worked for the United States Tennis Association for twenty years as director of player development and community tennis. Formerly, a professor at West Chester University of Pennsylvania in exercise science and coach of men's tennis. He has been honored by the International Tennis Hall of Fame, national coach of the year for United States Professional Tennis Association and was inducted into the athletic Hall of Fame at both East Stroudsburg University and West Chester University.


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The Integrated Major
Many colleges talk about "integrative learning," but Hiram is one of the few small colleges to create an entire academic structure that fuels such learning. Hiram has created a structure where students in like majors are part of a "School." The School offers courses that prompt you to make connections between ideas and concepts from different disciplines.
As you learn how the theories and methods from your major can shed fresh insight on a topic or issue you are exploring from another disciplinary perspective, your understanding of the topic widens and deepens at the same time.
Students can choose from 29 majors and 38 minors offered in these five schools:
- Arts, Humanities & Culture
- Education, Civic Leadership, & Social Change
- Health & Medical Humanities
- Scarborough School of Business & Communication
- Science & Technology


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Dinosaur Fish Lurk in Wisconsin Waters
Believe it or not, the gnarly, bottom-dwelling lake sturgeon first appeared on the face of the earth about 150 million years ago - when the dinosaurs were still around! Lake Sturgeon can still be found in Wisconsin today. Look closely at the picture and you'll see that sturgeon even look like prehistoric dinosaur fish. Their tail is shark-like with the upper part longer than the lower and their long slate gray/black shape is covered with sharp bony plates all over.
If you want to find sturgeon, look along Wisconsin's major river systems, especially the Lake Winnebago waterway system which holds the largest single concentration of sturgeon in the world. You will also find them along the northern tip of the Wisconsin River, the Mississippi, lower Wisconsin, Chippewa, Flambeau, Manitowish, and Menominee Rivers. Actually, the Wolf/Fox River is thought to be the only place in North America where these spectacular fish can be seen when they spawn in late April into early May. Check out the towns of Shiocton, New London, Northport and Shawano for some excitement as lake sturgeon rendezvous in the deep, cool rivers, waiting to make their move.
When water levels and temperatures are just right, these armor-plated, torpedo-shaped giants come out of their hiding places and head for the river's rocky shallows on outside bends of river banks. Just imagine seeing their tails, sharp backs and snouts sticking out of the water like a shark infestation coming upriver. Here, the current is swelling and slowly roiling and rocks and boulders can be found at a steep angle in the water. In an ancient ritual, shark-like tails thrash the surface waters.
Eggs scatter randomly during spawning but they stick to rocks along the way. Depending on the water temperatures, it takes about 2 weeks for the eggs to hatch. Fewer than 1 in 1,000 will survive long enough to hatch! The eggs make a great snack for crayfish, mud puppies, carp and even adult sturgeon. Eggs can also be in danger from low water levels and fungi. Those that do survive, hatch with an attached yolk sac to provide food for the first 3 weeks. They grow fast and begin to move downstream at night in a large school. At this point they are called "fingerlings" and begin to eat facing upstream to suck up nutritious insect larvae floating by on the bottom. By the end of their first year, the sturgeon has grown to about 2 feet in length. By the sixth year, they are 33 inches long, and at the eighth year they are 40 inches. At 15 years they reach 50 inches long. According to DNR records, in 1953 an 82 year-old sturgeon was speared on Lake Winnebago weighing 168 lb., the oldest ever caught in Wisconsin!
Most female fish spawn (lay eggs) every year, but not the sturgeon. They spawn every 4 or 5 years and they don't begin spawning until they're 25 years old. They come from different lakes and long distances to spawn together, but eventually they return to the lake they came from. In 1994 someone caught a sturgeon on the east coast of Michigan in Saginaw Bay with a tag on it. The fish was originally tagged at Lake Winnebago, which means that this fish traveled a total of 850 miles over 16 years, navigating 14 dams, 17 locks, Lake Michigan, the Straits of Mackinac, and Lake Huron. An amazing migration!
This fascinating fish species is listed as a rare species in the United States and in Wisconsin they are on a "watch" status, closely observed and managed by Department of Natural Resources (DNR) fisheries managers. In the 1860s, sturgeon were looked at as a nuisance to commercial anglers and were deliberately destroyed in large numbers. Then, in the 1870s, people realized that sturgeon were useful for products such as: glue from their skeleton; oil from fat; leather from their tanned skins; roe (eggs) for caviar; and gelatin from their swim bladder, used for liquid clarifyers, jellies and jams. In the 1950s, fish biologists began to study sturgeon populations and spawning sites to help protect and increase their numbers. Today, people volunteer every spring to stand "sturgeon guard" at spawning sites to protect the fish from poachers. They watch in awe from the riverbanks as sturgeon come near shore to spawn. Meet a couple of sturgeon guardians and learn more about these amazing fish. For information on becoming a sturgeon guard, visit the DNR sturgeon guard page (leaves EEK!).
This Fish CAN Dance.
If you'd like to see a sturgeon up close, check out these spots during the spring sturgeon breeding season, (mid-April to early May).
Sturgeon Viewing Spots
Other Fish Viewing Hot Spots
State Record Catch Size: 170 pounds 10 ounces, 79 inches long, Yellow Lake, Burnett County, WI.


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- What is an example of interpret?
- How do you use interpret in a sentence?
- How do you analyze and interpret data?
- What does it mean to trend data?
- What are the three types of trend analysis?
- What are examples of trends?
- What are the 3 types of interpretation?
- How do you describe the trend of a graph?
- What is the difference between data analysis and interpretation?
- How do you interpret something?
- What makes something a trend?
What is an example of interpret?
Interpret is defined as to translate or explain what something means.
An example of interpret is a person using sign language to translate what someone is saying to a deaf person.
How do you use interpret in a sentence?
Interpret sentence examplesHe had no idea how to interpret the warning. … Uncertain how to interpret his quietness, she tried to figure out what to say. … Uncertain how to interpret the response, Deidre shook her head and faced the portal. … Others more broadly interpret the concept of securing life, liberty, and property.More items…
How do you analyze and interpret data?
Data Interpretation Methods Summary List & TipsCollect your data and make it as clean as possible.Choose the type of analysis to perform: qualitative or quantitative, and apply the methods respectively to each.Qualitative analysis: observe, document and interview notice, collect and think about things.More items…•
What does it mean to trend data?
What is Trend Analysis? Trend analysis is a technique used in technical analysis that attempts to predict the future stock price movements based on recently observed trend data. Trend analysis is based on the idea that what has happened in the past gives traders an idea of what will happen in the future.
What are the three types of trend analysis?
Consumer or market trend analysis can be categorized into three types: geographic, which is analyzing trends within a group that is defined by their geographic location; temporal, or analyzing trends over a specific period of time; and, intuitive, or analyzing trends based on demographic and behavioral patterns and/or …
What are examples of trends?
An example of trend is when the number of murders in a city reduce downward. The definition of a trend is a general direction or something popular. An example of trend is a northern moving coastline. An example of trend is the style of bell bottom jeans.
What are the 3 types of interpretation?
The three modes of interpretation are: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, and sight translation.
How do you describe the trend of a graph?
A trend is the general direction in which something is developing or changing over time. A projection is a prediction of future change. Trends and projections are usually illustrated using line graphs in which the horizontal axis represents time.
What is the difference between data analysis and interpretation?
Data collection is the systematic recording of information; data analysis involves working to uncover patterns and trends in datasets; data interpretation involves explaining those patterns and trends.
How do you interpret something?
interpretto give or provide the meaning of; explain; explicate; elucidate: to interpret the hidden meaning of a parable.to construe or understand in a particular way: to interpret a reply as favorable.to bring out the meaning of (a dramatic work, music, etc.) … to perform or render (a song, role in a play, etc.)
What makes something a trend?
A trend is an idea, activity, philosophy, or action that is constantly changing over time. For your brand to keep up with trends, it is important to evolve as your market evolves. Remember that whether you're talking about fashion, design, aesthetics, products, or anything else, people make trends.


Additional File 5.
Figure S2: Lineage trees of microcolonies of A) MG1655 growth and B) YgjD depletion. After tracking of individual cells across recorded images with "Schnitzcell", the lineage structure of a microcolony can be derived. In such a lineage tree, the branch length corresponds to the time interval between divisions, and division events occur at branching points. The different colors depict the color code used for cells from different generations throughout all figures. The dots at the end of individual branches represent the time points where individual physiological measurements (cell size and fluorescent intensity) were derived from.
Format: PDF Size: 179KB Download file
This file can be viewed with: Adobe Acrobat Reader


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Used in 60 countries. 600+ rounds!
Shoot Short Distance rounds and try to match or exceed your previous archer skill level. Your archer skill level can be found on the ArcherySuccess app scorecards, as well as on the score and plot pages.
1. Determine the skill level you have been aiming to achieve/maintain for your preferred indoor/outdoor round
2. Measure the distance from your 'shooting line' to your target and round the distance to the nearest metre.
3. On the ArcherySuccess rounds page, search for the phrase Short Distance and choose a short distance round that is close to your measured distance,
4. Print off the target face and pin it to your target
5. Shoot and score/plot the round in ArcherySuccess.
Using this method, you can compare the skill level shot with that you are trying to achieve/maintain.


10 Travel Destinations Where You Can Go If You're Vaccinated
, 10 Travel Destinations Where You Can Go If You're Vaccinated, The Travel Bug Bite
As the world slowly eases up restrictions on travels, vaccinated people will be the first to enjoy international leisure travels once more. What follows below is a list of countries that accept vaccinated tourists within their borders. These individuals can bypass established health protocols like testing and quarantine if they show their certificate of vaccination.
This guest post is written by Eliza Brooks, see her bio at the end of this article.
1. Iceland
It was Iceland that was the first European country to open its borders for tourism that has been vaccinated. As a country that relies quite heavily on its tourism industry, the government of Iceland was quick to lift the country's travel restriction the moment vaccines were rolled out. Visitors to this island nation only have to show proof that they've been vaccinated through a vaccination record or vaccine passport. This card will allow the holder from anywhere in the world to skip testing and quarantine measure the moment they arrive.
2. Poland
According to Poland's official coronavirus website, the country is open to visitors who have been vaccinated if they are citizens of the country, residents and their family members, EU citizens, essential workers, and students. Those who fall into any of these categories and are fully vaccinated can skip the mandatory 14-day quarantine. But it's also possible for people who have not been vaccinated to skip the quarantine requirement if they show proof of a negative coronavirus test within 48 hours of their arrival in the country.
3. Guatemala
Starting February 24, the country of Guatemala is officially welcoming vaccinated visitors. They would need to show proof of their vaccinations through a vaccine passport. Their vaccination must also be done two weeks before they arrive in the country. Unvaccinated people will need to show a negative COVID-19 test that's been taken 72 hours before their arrival.
4. Ecuador
Visitors to Ecuador don't need to quarantine or do a coronavirus test if they can show proof of a vaccine certificate. They should also pass symptom screening before they enter the country. Those that are exhibiting symptoms will need to undergo rapid antigen testing. If it comes back positive, a 10-day isolation period is required at their own expense. Otherwise, they are free to explore the country while still following health safety protocols.
5. Belize
The Caribbean country of Belize become the first in the region to welcome vaccinated travelers into its borders. As another country that depends on its tourism, Belize has approved that any vaccinated visitor will not need to undergo COVID-19 testing upon arrival. For unvaccinated individuals, they will need to procure a PCR test within 96 hours before their travel. If no test is available, they will need to be tested at the airport at their own expense.
6. Seychelles
The island nation of Seychelles is one of the first countries that announced vaccinated visitors are welcome. The government announced that visitors, no matter where their country of residence is, can enter the country if they have been fully vaccinated at least two weeks before their arrival. However, visitors still need a negative PCR-COVID test taken within 72 hours on their travel as well as a valid Health Travel Authorization. Both vaccinated and unvaccinated visitors need not undergo mandatory quarantine if they complete all the requirements to enter the country.
7. Slovenia
In the country of Slovenia, leisure travels are still not encouraged but people who have been fully vaccinated, are free to enter the country without going through a quarantine period. But this only applies to people who are in the country for urgent purposes. It is not for tourists. The country has a red list in which everyone coming from the countries on the list needs to go through a 10-day quarantine period if they don't have proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test.
8. Georgia
The country of Georgia recently announced that anyone from anywhere in the world, so long as they are vaccinated, is welcome to enter its borders. They don't have to go through the hassle of mandatory isolation and testing if they can show their vaccine certificate. Unvaccinated people from high-risk countries will be asked to present a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours before their arrival, a filled-out health declaration form, and then take another test after three days.
9. Estonia
Estonia is currently open to tourists within the EU member countries, Schengen Area, and six other countries outside of the European Economic Area. Anyone that comes from any of these mentioned categories that have been vaccinated 6 months before their travel can bypass the mandatory 10-day quarantine period as well as testing if they can present a vaccine certificate.
10. Greece
And finally, Greece is among the EU member countries that have allowed vaccinated travelers to enter its borders once more. Those who have not been vaccinated will need to show a negative COVID test, either PCR or antigen. The goal of their tourism ministry is to fully reopen tourism by the middle of May.
Eliza Brooks is a blogger and frequent traveler who loves to write about anything under the sun. She enjoys hiking and reading in her spare time. She is currently working with WeathertightRoofing, one of the leading local contractors, which offers exceptional residential roofing services in and around Idaho.
, 10 Travel Destinations Where You Can Go If You're Vaccinated, The Travel Bug Bite
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These tables are categorized as comprehensive land claim negotiations because they have the dual focus of bringing clarity to Aboriginal rights and implementing the historic Peace and Friendship Treaties of 1760–1761. The negotiated agreements will honour historic treaty rights. For more information on these tables, please visit the negotiations table update.
In September 2008, the Mi'gmaq of Québec, the Province of Québec and Canada signed the Niganita'suatas'gl Ilsutagann Agreement (NI). The NI is an Umbrella Agreement which establishes a results-oriented process to discuss issues of mutual concern with a view of reaching a Framework Agreement. In June 2012, the parties signed a Consultation Agreement which establishes a streamlined, one-window process through which federal and provincial governments can consult the Mi'gmaq in Québec.
The Mi'gmag and Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) of New Brunswick, the Province of New Brunswick and Canada signed the Mi'gmag Wolastoqiyik/New Brunswick/Canada Umbrella Agreement on September 9, 2011. This Agreement establishes an effective and orderly process to help guide discussions among the parties towards the conclusion of a Framework Agreement on Aboriginal and treaty rights and self-government and a Consultation Agreement.
In December 2007, the Mi'kmaq of Prince Edward Island, the Province of Prince Edward Island and Canada signed a Partnership Agreement, which strengthened their relationship and established a tripartite process to address issues of mutual concern such as education, health, child and family services, justice and economic development. In August 2012, the parties signed a Consultation Agreement which establishes a streamlined, one-window process through which federal and provincial governments can consult the Mi'kmaq of Prince Edward Island.
The Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia, the Province of Nova Scotia and Canada signed an Umbrella Agreement on June 7, 2002, and a Framework Agreement on February 23, 2007. Through the Framework Agreement, the parties have agreed to enter into a negotiation process which provides a constructive and practical way of addressing the treaty and Aboriginal rights and title of the Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia. The parties are currently negotiating an Agreement-in-Principle and discussions are in progress on issues including wildlife, lands, governance and National Parks.
On August 31, 2010, the parties also signed the Terms of Reference for a Mi'kmaq-Nova Scotia-Canada Consultation Process. This Agreement streamlines and facilitates consultation by establishing an orderly process for Crown consultations with the thirteen Mi'kmaq First Nations.


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JohnKenedy Data Access Layer Library
By, 10 Jul 2008
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JohnKenedy Library is a.NET 3.5 library. This library is an alternative approach to create n-tier database applications with ADO.NET and minimize the dependency of data access created by.NET.
The file consists of two projects:
 - JohnKenedy.DataAccess (Main Library)
 - JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule (Windows Application)
Main Features
 1. Easy to create different database connection (MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle and one that uses Oledb) by using a single wrapper class named DataAccessLayer which can adapt to different connection type, command type, adapter type and so on.
 2. Automatically reads table information schema when required and stored in memory to prevent reading redundancy. This information is prepared by DataAccessTableDefinition which can be stored in ASP.NET session or used as a single instance in a Windows based application.
 3. Table schema is used for automation features (DataAccessTableManager, DataAccessTableDefinition, and DataAccessTableFiller).
 The features are:
 - Automatically create T-SQL Command for all tables
 - T-SQL Command for tables that contain Identity column can be adjusted to suit them and easily retrieve the identity value generated by database
 - T-SQL Command for tables that contain not nullable column can be adjusted so that when the programmer does not fill a value for not nullable column, library can automatically fill a default value for those columns
 - T-SQL Command for tables that contain string, Library will truncate string value if it exceeds the maximum character length.
 - T-SQL Command for tables that contain fix string (char/varchar) Library will adjust value length to the length required.
 4. Generate audit trail for every SQL statement (Insert/Update/Delete) that executes from this library, the audit trail can be associated to login user, could be stored in text file, database table or both. The job is done by DataAccessAudit class.
 5. Can generate classes to simplify user (which is only a wrapper) while accessing data in table. JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule Windows Application is the code generator.
 6. Users can create their own extended modules or library and put it in Plugin folder in JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule Windows Application. The Plugin consists of DLL files that inherit from ModuleExtendDefinition class. The Plugin adds new methods when generating codes. Programmers often have their own database model (several tables that relate to each other to create a functionality) and the model is often used by different projects that programmers created such as when storing Invoice in database, there will be a Header and Detail table, the programmers can write a new Plugin for that purpose, for example, named HeaderDetail.dll and put it in Plugin folder, and when generating codes, programmers specify a table to be Header and another table to be Detail, Header and Detail are called Role. Programmers often find that they are recreating models that they have created before, for example database model that stores historical information such as User Data that can change the user name, address, and so on. Programmers can actually write a new Plugin that generates code for retrieving the current data (name, address, etc.) and code for retrieving the data by date, for example, the user's name in the past (before change).
JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule can generate entity classes that are used directly from user interface for data operations or can be wrapped in Business Objects created by the user. JohnKenedy.DataAccess is the main library called by entity classes or can be called directly from Business Object. All crucial operations done in JohnKenedy.DataAccess are logged as audit trail and stored in Database. The audit process hides from the programmer.
JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule can generate different codes for different classes. The scenario is, user selects a module from module list display in JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule, and the module will display a list of roles and for each role, user must input a tablename. All these roles are used in the selected module. A module is a small system that utilizes one or more tables to perform a certain task.
JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule generates two classes for each table, Entity class and EntityCollection class. The code is adjusted based on the role the table has taken, each table may take different roles in different modules because two or more modules can use the same table.
Programmers can write their own module based on module occurrence every time they write an application. The code generated by JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule is fully utilized in methods prepared by JohnKenedy.DataAccess.
DataAccessTableFiller is a class that performs all Insert/Update/Delete methods. Because this class owns an object of DataAccessTableDefinition that stores information about the table, DataAccessTableFiller or we will call it filler from now on, uses this information to create an automatic T-SQL Command which is described in automation features. User gets a new instance of filler object, and then adds column value to the filler class. Then user just calls method start with GetInsertGetUpdate… or GetDelete… statement that creates IDbCommand objects with properties set for CommandText, Parameters, and CommandType automatically.
I often felt that I have rebuilt the same database model again and again and written codes for it again and again. That's why I think there should be some way in which we can actually create a tool to list all database models that we had created and then the tools can generate the same code for us.
Using the Code
To use the code, you should read the full documentation. In short, here is the way we use the library:
using JohnKenedy.DataAccess;
DataAccessLayer _dal = null;
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
 _dal = new DataAccessLayer(SqlServerType.MSSQL,
 if (DataAccessLayer.Manager == null)
 DataAccessLayer.Manager = _dal.GetDataAccessTableManager();
 else DataAccessLayer.Manager.DALLayer = _dal;
 if (DataAccessLayer.Audit == null)
 DataAccessLayer.Audit = _dal.GetAudit();
You see a DataAccessLayer object is created, this is the main object of this library. The object is created by passing two parameters, the first is an enumeration that tells which database type, the second is the connection string which in this example is retrieved from web.config.
What you see later is, we check if DataAccessLayer.Manager is null, this Manager property is an instance of DataAccessTableManager class. This object is used to store a collection of table definitions or instance of DataAccessTableDefinition. We check if it is null, and when we trace back to the code, the code automatically checks a session name. This session is used to store any DataAccessTableManager object created before. If session contains a previous one, the previous one is used so this minimalized the library to query database to check for table schema. If not, then we will need to create one and store it in Manager property, and the library will automatically store it to session.
This session behaviors also apply to DataAccessLayer.Audit property. This property is an object of DataAccessAudit class. This object is used to log audit trail in database table or in file. To modify the default setting for Audit, check DataAccessStringAndDefault.GetDefaultAudit() properties.
Insert/Update/Delete Operations
Suppose we have a table that looks like this:
JohnKenedy Library enables users to insert to this table, update, and delete without creating any SQL command. The SQL command will be generated by libraries automatically and it has several automation features as described in the Introduction section.
DataAccessTableFiller _filler = DataAccessLayer.Manager["MFood"].GetFiller();
_Filler.AddColumnValue("Name", "Chicken Soup");
_Filler.AddColumnValue("Price", 1000);
IDbCommand _command = _filler.GetInsertStatementFilterIdentity();
long _value2 =
The _value2 will contain the NoFood identity value. If the Name length is more than 50 characters, the text will be truncated to 50 characters length before the insert to prevent error. Although we don't supply a value for Status, the library will automatically add default value for column Status, the default value for int is 0, that's why the code will not error. The truncate and automatically add default value will be recorded in the Audit Trail. Read Preparing Audit Trail section to prepare Audit Trail for library in the Full Documentation (JohnKenedy DAL.pdf).
The example above uses DataAccess directly, in fact the programmer can use JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule tool to generate an entity class and entity collection code. The code for using the Entity and Entity Collection class, is given below.
Suppose we have MFood.cs and MFoodCollection.cs generated from JohnKenedy.DataAccessModule:
MFood _food = new MFood();
_food.Filler.AddColumnValue("Name", "Chicken Soup");
_food.Filler.AddColumnValue("Price", 1000);
long _value2 = _food.InsertIdentity();
Points of Interest
Feel free to use this library. Please let me know if there are bugs or suggestions. Thank you.
 - 10th July, 2008: This is the first release of this application.
 If there are changes in the library, I will update this article.
About the Author
John Kenedy S.Kom
Software Developer (Senior)
Singapore Singapore
Comments and Discussions
Generalbagus sekali Pinmemberawek_cun10-Jul-08 23:30
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