text:
Germany is hosting the first annual World Health Summit. Samuel Loewenberg examines the cutting-edge research taking place in the country and what it could mean for medicine.
It is not surprising that the idea for the World Health Summit (Oct 14—18) was conceived in Berlin. After all, the city is not only Germany's medical capital, it is also the seat of government, where policy decisions are made, funding allocated, and priorities decided upon. Yet often health is an afterthought or a political tool rather than a policy driver in and of itself, which is why Detlev Ganten, the former head of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin first conceived the summit to coincide with the institution's 300th anniversary.
The conference seeks to bring together policy makers, who often do not understand medicine, with medical practitioners, who themselves often operate as if in isolation, disengaged from a rapidly changing world that affects the fundamental factors underlying public health.
"Health should be at the top of the political agenda", said Ganten, a pioneering researcher in hypertension who currently runs the hospital's foundation. Berlin is the biggest academic health centre in Germany, followed by Heidelberg and Munich. The idea of the summit was to "do something that takes up the good tradition of the Charité, the people and personalities who were important, our excellent research, and at the same time to take responsibility for society", said Ganten.
The summit's organisers, who in addition to Ganten include a handful of Germany's top medical researchers as well as the Université Paris Descartes, aim to make academic medicine a key player in public policy. They argue that health care is a field that can both identify future problems and provide innovative solutions, and therefore it should play a central part in government planning. The absence of medicine in public health policy making is something that the Berlin-based conference conveners, located as they are in the nation's capital, are acutely aware. "Academic medicine, which is traditionally not close to public health, needs to take up public health challenges", said Mazda Adli, the executive secretary of the summit. Adli, a psychiatrist, is director of the mood disorders research group at Charité. The goal of the summit, said Adli, is to move academic medicine beyond the realm of therapeutic standards setting and ethics to become an architect of health systems in the public policy context. For instance, he said, "climate change is an absolutely novel topic, and we are trying to establish it within academic medicine".
The World Health Summit coincides with the 300th anniversary of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Adli, Ganten, and the other conference organisers have far-reaching ambitions for enhancing the role of academic medicine in public policy. By putting medicine in a larger socioeconomic and environmental context, the organisers hope to emphasise its importance in the country's future, to create a strong foundation for international health policy, and to make connections with political leaders and other influential public actors. The conference's sponsorship by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel is already a hopeful sign that the summit could have impact.
The core themes of the conference include consequences of the demographic shift to an ageing society; the health consequences of climate change; the new rash of pandemics and how to prevent them; the health systems of developing countries in eastern Europe and central Asia; life-style-related health problems, such as the obesity epidemic and juvenile diabetes; and the effects of the global economic crisis on health-care systems, which are already strained with rising costs and inequitable distribution.
Germany is a world leader in medical technology for fields such as transplantation
Many of the new challenges facing medicine are occurring on an international scale, and international cooperation is required to overcome them. The summit's subtitle is the "evolution of medicine", and the reference to Darwin is not accidental. Ganten takes the view that the way that society has progressed has led to disharmony. "Our biology is the result of 3·5 billion years of evolution", yet humans' current lifestyles and living conditions are often at odds with that biology, he said. "Many of the diseases that we are facing today are a consequence of the disharmony of our daily life."
The summit's emphasis on integrating different disciplines with medicine was inspired by Rudolf Virchow, a pioneer in public health in the 19th century, who innovatively brought together politics, medicine, sanitation, pathology, and public health. "He is my hero. He is the hero of many people who know the history of medicine", said Ganten
The Charité hospital itself is a unique entity in Germany. Originally a merger of medical units of the Free University and Humboldt, it is now independent of both. Its €1 billion a year budget is mostly provided from insurance company fees, supplemented with 20% support from the government and an additional 10% in research grants. Charité was founded in 1710, and is at the centre of Berlin's reputation as a leader in medical theory, research, and medical technology.
Berlin has already spawned 14 Nobel laureates in medicine, including Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich. Today, Germany is a leader in medical technology, particularly in the areas of cardioelectrotherapy, vascular intervention, and transplantation, and has made cutting-edge developments in weak radioactive rays for cancer and cardiotherapy. The German capital also has the country's first fully-digitised hospital and the country's first clinic for minimally invasive surgery.
Yet even with these innovations, Germany, like many countries, faces challenges in dealing with the economics of its health-care systems—another major theme of the conference. While the USA is struggling to pass legislation to provide health-care coverage for its more than 45 million uninsured, Germany, as with the rest of Europe, is searching for the right balance between regulation and innovation, government-sponsored research and partnerships with private industry, personalised medicine, and cost containment. Ganten notes that many people do not realise that health care plays a fundamental part in the German economy, providing 4 million jobs and accounting for between 12—15% of the German gross domestic product, making it larger than the automobile industry.
Many Germans are unhappy with their health-care system, according to recent polls, which found that 62% of the population are dissatisfied, and an overwhelming 87% of physicians are also unhappy. A large majority of both groups said that the current system was not sustainable and needed to be reformed.
The performance of the health service has declined in recent years, according to more than half of those polled, and many lack faith in the medical staff, drugs, and treatment standards. Most believe the service will get more expensive. Some 60% of physicians working in the public health service said they were considering going into the private sector, and many young doctors are contemplating working in other countries.
On the research front, the country has fallen behind on some fronts because of deeply held social taboos regarding genetic and stem-cell research. While Germany was an early leader in genetics research in the 1980s, much of it was stalled or moved abroad in the wake of strong public protests from groups that saw such experiments with the building blocks of nature as reminiscent of Nazi experimentation. The biotech protesters are strange bedfellows, a mix of environmentalists, religious groups, and human-rights campaigners. Today, nanotechnology and nuclear power are evoking similar antipathy.
German pharmaceutical companies have also been lagging. Drug makers in the country could only claim to have developed six out of 140 newly licensed active substances in 2005, according to a European Commission survey. Genetically engineered drugs accounted for only 12% of the industry's revenues in 2006. To respond to this slump, the German Ministry for Education and Research has started a new programme to promote research and development in the pharmaceutical industry, and particularly biotechnology. Dubbed the Pharmaceuticals Initiative for Germany, the government-sponsored programme will put €800 million towards development and marketing in the domestic industry through 2011.
Germany also does not have a high capacity for moving from translational research into production. By contrast, Ganten notes that Sweden has a very good system for developing practical applications from its research, and Singapore has really excelled in developing high-quality research institutions and attracting top talent. Germany should aspire to similar heights, he said. The devastation of the Nazi period meant that many of Germany's top minds were either murdered or forced to flee the country. "This was the real brain drain and I don't think we ever recovered from that", said Ganten.
If German biomedical research is to thrive, it may have to loosen up. The German biomedical research system is in many ways very rigid, and things are made even more complicated by the country's complex and intensely bureaucratic federal government system. A purist attitude tends to prevail in keeping basic research and applied research separate. At the same time, venture capital is hard to come by, and so more experimental types of research often have trouble finding support. "The German research system is quite conservative", said Ganten. "On the other hand there is quite a bit of money in research and good ideas usually get funding."
Climate for research
One of the conference's key themes is the intersection of medicine with other areas of science. This type of cross-cutting analysis is especially relevant when analysing the new wave of pandemics, which are influenced by both climate change and poverty, said Stefan H E Kaufmann, the founding director of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin and a professor for microbiology and immunology at the Charité. Many insect vectors, for instance, could spread more easily if there are higher temperatures, and new infectious agents emerge at the interface between animals and humankind as wilderness is eroded in favour of livestock


text:
The First World War was a turning point in Canadian history. It was also an important era in the development of the music and recording industries in Canada. The Great War saw an outpouring of patriotic songs and sentimental ballads urging support for soldiers, sailors, and airmen, combined with heart-felt concern for the families waiting on the home front. This era also marked the beginning of great changes in popular music, with the rise of vaudeville, the song-writing of Tin Pan Alley, the start of the dance-band craze, and the rise of jazz. Canadian singers and songwriters were leaders of this musical generation.
Visitors to the Virtual Gramophone website can consult 1500 cataloguing records in the database, and 350 digitally-restored audio recordings, documenting recordings featuring Canadian composers and performers released during the Great War. In addition there are a series of articles and images explaining the period and the music, as well as biographical sketches of the major Canadian musical personalities. Of particular note is the extensive coverage for Canada's premier entertainment troupe of that era, the Dumbells.
About the Music of the First World War Era
Biographies of First World War Era Musicians

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


C Language Storage Classes
A storage class is used to set the scope of a variable or function. By knowing the storage class of a variable, we can determine the life-time of that variable during the run-time of the program.
 - [auto|register|static|extern] [ = ];
 - [static _Thread_local|extern _Thread_local|_Thread_local] [ = ]; /* since >=C11 */
 - Examples:
 - typedef int foo;
 - extern int foo[2];
Storage class specifiers are the keywords which can appear next to the top-level type of a declaration. The use of these keywords affects the storage duration and linkage of the declared object, depending on whether it is declared at file scope or at block scope:
KeywordStorage DurationLinkageRemarks
staticStaticInternalSets internal linkage for objects at file scope; sets static storage duration for objects at block scope.
externStaticExternalImplied and therefore redundant for objects defined at file scope which also have an initializer. When used in a declaration at file scope without an initializer, hints that the definition is to be found in another translation unit and will be resolved at link-time.
autoAutomaticIrrelevantImplied and therefore redundant for objects declared at block scope.
registerAutomaticIrrelevantRelevant only to objects with automatic storage duration. Provides a hint that the variable should be stored in a register. An imposed constraint is that one cannot use the unary & "address of" operator on such an object, and therefore the object cannot be aliased.
typedefIrrelevantIrrelevantNot a storage class specifier in practice, but works like one from a syntactic point of view. The only difference is that the declared identifier is a type, rather than an object.
_Thread_localThreadInternal/externalIntroduced in C11, to represent thread storage duration. If used at block scope, it shall also include extern or static.
Every object has an associated storage duration (regardless of scope) and linkage (relevant to declarations at file scope only), even when these keywords are omitted.
The ordering of storage class specifiers with respect to top-level type specifiers (int, unsigned, short, etc.) and top-level type qualifiers (const, volatile) is not enforced, so both of these declarations are valid:
int static const unsigned a = 5; /* bad practice */
static const unsigned int b = 5; /* good practice */
It is, however, considered a good practice to put storage class specifiers first, then any type qualifiers, then the type specifier (void, char, int, signed long, unsigned long long, long double...).
Not all storage class specifiers are legal at a certain scope:
register int x; /* legal at block scope, illegal at file scope */
auto int y; /* same */
static int z; /* legal at both file and block scope */
extern int a; /* same */
extern int b = 5; /* legal and redundant at file scope, illegal at block scope */
/* legal because typedef is treated like a storage class specifier syntactically */
int typedef new_type_name;
Storage Duration
Storage duration can be either static or automatic. For a declared object, it is determined depending on its scope and the storage class specifiers.
Static Storage Duration
Variables with static storage duration live throughout the whole execution of the program and can be declared both at file scope (with or without static) and at block scope (by putting static explicitly). They are usually allocated and initialized by the operating system at program startup and reclaimed when the process terminates. In practice, executable formats have dedicated sections for such variables (data, bss and rodata) and these whole sections from the file are mapped into memory at certain ranges.
Thread Storage Duration
This storage duration was introduced in C11. This wasn't available in earlier C standards. Some compilers provide a non-standard extension with similar semantics. For example, gcc supports __thread specifier which can be used in earlier C standards which didn't have _Thread_local.
Variables with thread storage duration can be declared at both file scope and block scope. If declared at block scope, it shall also use static or extern storage specifier. Its lifetime is the entire execution the thread in which it's created. This is the only storage specifier that can appear alongside another storage specifier.
Automatic Storage Duration
Variables with automatic storage duration can only be declared at block scope (directly within a function or within a block in that function). They are usable only in the period between entering and leaving the function or block. Once the variable goes out of scope (either by returning from the function or by leaving the block), its storage is automatically deallocated. Any further references to the same variable from pointers are invalid and lead to undefined behaviour.
In typical implementations, automatic variables are located at certain offsets in the stack frame of a function or in registers.
External and Internal Linkage
Linkage is only relevant to objects (functions and variables) declared at file scope and affects their visibility across different translation units. Objects with external linkage are visible in every other translation unit (provided that the appropriate declaration is included). Objects with internal linkage are not exposed to other translation units and can only be used in the translation unit where they are defined.


£37.00 £20.00
The choreography tasks will be from a given stimulus provided by AQA from one of these areas:
○ words, poem or a piece of text
○ a photograph/image
○ a prop, accessory or object
○ a feature of the natural world
○ an everyday activity or topical or historical event.
and so students need to practice creating dances from examples of these throughout their course. Not only that, but students need to understand what kind of aural setting is appropriate for their stimulus and how to work with that accompaniment.
Evoke is the perfect tool for supporting this task, providing 12 stimuli for dances and 12 specially commissioned music tracks that match each stimulus. Stimuli include examples from each of the areas given by the exam board.
The resource includes all stimuli plus ideas and ways in to creating dances from them. In addition we provide graphic scores of the music to develop students' understanding of how the music structure works.
Evoke is downloaded via wetransfer.com. You will be sent a confirmation email upon purchase with the link.
Categories:,
Customers' review
5 stars 0 0 %
4 stars 0 0 %
3 stars 0 0 %
2 stars 0 0 %
1 star 0 0 %
There are no reviews yet.


text:
Pub. date: 2008 | Online Pub. Date: September 15, 2008 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412963954 | Print ISBN: 9781412959087 | Online ISBN: 9781412963954| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Andrew J. Waskey
ADVOCACY FOR STEM cells, in its broadest sense, means people getting together to discuss how the scientific and clinical potential of the cells can be moved forward. Advocates for stem cell research are often associated with an interest in a specific disease for which stem cells may offer some hope. Many of the debates have centered on embryonic stem cell research where the ethical issues associated with the isolation of embryonic stem cells pitch religious groups against patient advocates. Because adult stem cell research does not involve the destruction of embryos there is little opposition to this research—although advocacy is always useful to push a field forward. Debates on stem cell research have been carried by governmental agencies, politicians, interest groups, clergy, religious organizations, scientists, businesses, and individuals. These have included pro—life advocates, bioethicists, the papacy, patient advocate groups, and even U.S. President George W. Bush. The main areas of...


The Ecologist
War on Want
More articles about
Related Articles
TAKE ACTION to demand a strong supermarket watchdog
12th October, 2011
Evidence of UK supermarkets' exploitation of overseas workers, including garment workers, flower workers and tea pickers has been uncovered over many years.
Supermarkets have used their buyer power to squeeze suppliers and drive down pay and working conditions around the world. This means the people that make the clothes and grow the food sold in UK supermarkets are often poorly paid, overworked, work in unsafe conditions and are discouraged from joining trade unions.
Following the failure of a 10 year old voluntary code, the Competition Commission recommended that the government should create an independent watchdog (now called the Groceries Code Adjudicator) to redress the balance of power and ensure that supermarkets stop bullying their suppliers. The watchdog will oversee and enforce the Code of Practice that governs the relationship between supermarkets and their suppliers, in order to stop unfair practices.
In the run-up to the 2010 general election, all the major political parties committed to creating a watchdog - testament to sustained campaigning by a broad coalition led by War on Want and others in the Tescopoly alliance. However, since the election the coalition government has dragged its feet as big supermarkets relentlessly lobbied them to prevent a watchdog being set up.
The government has published a draft Bill which lays out the powers this watchdog (called the Groceries Code Adjudicator) will have. The fight is now on to make sure the watchdog can really deal with the huge problems in the supermarkets' supply chains.
It is vital that we keep up the pressure on the government to create a watchdog with real teeth, as supermarkets will continue to lobby MPs and ministers to make it as weak and ineffective as possible.
Write to your MP now via War on Want's supermarket watchdog campaign. Remind them just how important a strong, independent and proactive watchdog is to suppliers in the UK and overseas. Demand the government introduces a supermarket watchdog with teeth.
Add to StumbleUpon
News investigation Bitter harvest: migrant workers on UK farms'still exploited'
Why ethical food trade is only possible with supermarket action
Special report Sugar: why our favourite spoonful is not so sweet
Previous Articles...
Using this website means you agree to us using simple cookies.
More information here...


text:
Speed Control and Position Estimation of Small Hydraulic Cylinders for Digital Clay Using PWM Method
Book, Wayne John
MetadataShow full item record
Digital Clay is a new generation 3D computer input and output device for surface shape and haptic effects. The device consists of arrays of fluidically actuated cells under the control of valves connected to two pressure reservoirs in a manner ultimately suitable to an implementation in MEMS technology. At the current stage, it is very difficult to implement a tiny position sensor into the tiny cell. This paper presents a control method for the speed and position estimation and control for the cells of digital clay only using low cost pressure sensors and without using any position-sensing device.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Kings County Biographies This file is part of the California Genealogy & History Archives JONATHAN ESREY was born in Clark County, Illinois, April 30, 1831. His grandfather Esrey was of English parents. He emigrated to this country and settled in Philadelphia, where he became a large property owner and was prominent as an importer of blooded cattle; was also extensively engaged in farming. His son, Jesse Esrey, father of the subject of our sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, and was raised as a farmer. When he became a man he was united in marriage to Hannah Foster, a native of Kentucky. Her ancestors were participants in the Revolutionary war. They reared nine children, and of that number, five are still living, the youngest being fifty-four years of age. Jonathan was the seventh born, and was nine years old when the family moved to Missouri. There he remained until he was nineteen, when with two of his brothers, he crossed the plains to California, being 108 days in making the journey from St. Joseph, Missouri, to the Sacramento valley. The brothers who accompanied him were Justin and James. The latter returned East the following year, and the former is still living in California. They engaged in mining in El Dorado County, but never made more than good wages. At times they were a few thousand dollars ahead, and for at time kept a miners� supply store. In 1856 they sold out and went to Santa Clara County, where they engaged in the stock business. In 1857 Mr. Esrey came to his present locality near King�s river, three miles and a half northwest of Lemoore, and was among the first settlers there. David Burris, a prominent early settler, lived sixteen miles away, and Visalia at that time was a town of only two or three years growth. He and his brother purchased a section of land, and since then have bought and sold land quite extensively. Mr. Esrey�s home ranch consists of 400 acres. For many years he was chiefly engaged in stock raising, but more recently has given his attention to grain farming. He owns three quarter sections of land in different places. In April, 1871, Mr. Esrey wedded Mrs. Sarah Winset, a native of Missouri. Their union has been blessed with four children, namely: George, Kate L., Robert J., and Justin Earnest, all born at their home near Lemoore. By her former husband, Mrs. Esrey also has five children. In politics Mr. Esrey is a Democrat, but gives little attention to political matters, and has declined to hold office. He is an official member of the M. E. Church South, having been steward for the past twenty years. Memorial and Biographical History of the counties of Fresno, Tulare and Kern, California Chicago, The Lewis Publishing Company, 1892 p. 670 Transcribed by Kathy Sedler


text:
Concerted evolution is the tendency of the different genes in a gene family or cluster to evolve in concert. This means that each gene locus in the family comes to have the same genetic variant.
The a globin genes of primates illustrates the principle:
All primates have two alpha globins; we can therefore assume that the common ancestor of primates had two alpha globin genes. The sequence of each alpha globin gene differs between primate species; in the great apes any two species differ by about 2.5 amino acid substitutions in each gene. If one gene accumulates about 2.5 amino acid changes in the time between two species, then two different genes (alpha1 and alpha2) which have been separated for maybe 300 million years should have accumulated many more changes if they have been evolving independently. The conclusion is that they have not evolved independently; they have evolved in concert.
Figure: a phylogeny of the human globin genes. The genes multiplied by gene duplications, and the dates on the figure are the times of the duplications as inferred from the molecular clock. In fact, as the text explains, the inferred dates are untrustworthy. From Jeffreys et al. (1983).
Why does concerted evolution take place?


text:
Index of content:
Volume 4, Issue 5, 01 May 1933
4(1933); _URL_ Description Hide Description
Characteristic x‐ray diffraction patterns produced by transverse, radial and tangential sections of wood fibers have been discussed. There are two fundamental types of orientation of the micelles or fibrils in wood fibers: A, parallel to the fiber axis; B, parallel to each other, but on a spiral at a definite slope to the fiber axis. The deviation from either type may be qualitatively estimated from the diffraction pattern. For type B, the slope of the spiral may be measured with considerable accuracy. When large angles of slope of the micelles are indicated most wood fibers differ fundamentally from cotton. In wood fibers the average slope is at a definite angle to the fiber axis; the deviation is from Type B. In cotton fibers the average slope approaches 0°; the deviation is from Type A.
4(1933); _URL_ Description Hide Description
The temperature dependence of the piezoelectric strain constant d 14 was investigated in mixed crystals isomorphous with Rochelle salt. Crystals oriented for utilization of Voigt's theory of the converse piezoelectric effect in the hemihedral class of the orthorhombic system were grown at constant temperature from supersaturated solutions of Rochelle salt containing isomorphous impurities C4H4O6Na NH4·4H2O or C4H4O6Na Tl·4H2O and measurements of the strain resulting from an applied electric field were made in the range 10 to 35°C. Hysteresis and saturation occur in the range of large piezoelectric activity where d 14 evaluated from the straight portion of the strain curve is approximately 5 × 10−4 in both the pure salt and mixed crystal, a value several times as large as that reported from measurements of the direct effect in Rochelle salt. The critical temperature for a mixed crystal lies below that of pure Rochelle salt (25+273°K) and the shift observed compares favorably in magnitude with the value calculated from the dipole theory of dielectrics. The region in which d 14 decreases to about 10−5 covers 3°C. The value of d 14 diminishes further as the temperature is raised. d 14 is defined as twice the change in length per cm length of a narrow crystal cut at 45° with the Y and Z axes when unit electrostatic field is applied in the X direction.
4(1933); _URL_ Description Hide Description
The sensitivity to voltage, measured in volts per mm scale deflection, of a direct‐current thermionic amplifier (simple circuit) is taken as inversely proportional to the mutual conductance divided by the plate current of the valve employed. The mutual conductance is found to decrease less rapidly than the plate current, as the filament and plate potentials are lowered. The most sensitive operating value of the plate potential of a UX 222 is found to be 1.5 volts giving a voltage sensitivity of 8×10−4 volt/mm in the simple circuit with no plate current compensation. By suitable use of the screen grid, a grid‐filament resistance of 1014 ohms may be obtained giving a current sensitivity of 8×10−15 amp./mm with an input resistor of 1011 ohms.
4(1933); _URL_ Description Hide Description
The rise, into an ideal uniform soil, of liquid, under the action of capillary forces, differs from the steady flow across the soil. The steady transmission of fluids takes place through the continuous capillaries extending across the soil; the rise, under capillary forces, of liquid is from cell to cell. The hexagonal scheme of grains spaced at a distance (2r+d), where d is a function of porosity, is used as a statistical representation of the soil; and the problem discussed from the standpoint of this packing. The fluid, in its passage through the long capillaries, flows through a cyclic capillary showing definite maxima and minima in each element; and likewise, the rise, from cell to cell, under capillary forces, is through a channel with definite maxima and minima. The minimum opening, of a cell, is the section defined by the plane of centers; the greatest is the section defined by the plane, parallel to the plane of centers, tangent to the grains of the cell immediately over the first cell. The greatest rise, occurs when the minimum opening holds the meniscus and is observed by allowing the liquid to fall through the soil; the least rise should occur when the maximum opening holds the meniscus and should be observed by allowing the liquid to rise through the soil.Wetting phenomena introduce, however, complications affecting the minimum rise. Rings of liquid form, just above the meniscus, around the point of contact of each pair of grains, and carry the rising liquid higher until it attains a position where it is no longer able to reach the rings so formed; equilibrium then prevails at a rise intermediate to the two extremes just defined. The exact conditions controlling the rise phenomena are determined; the approximation, developed for the capillary equation, in an earlier paper, is then used, with these conditions, to calculate the minimum rise. The results are compared with the data given in the earlier paper; good agreement, within the experimental error, is obtained.
4(1933); _URL_ Description Hide Description
4(1933); _URL_ Description Hide Description
From the skip distances of radio waves measured in temperate latitudes during 1927 and 1928 the average day ionization is calculated to be at about 200 km above sea level with a maximum electron density of 7.5×105 and 5.6×105 for a summer and winter day, respectively, which agree with the observed virtual heights from radio echo experiments and the longest wave which at normal incidence pierces through the ionized layer. The ratio 1.33 of summer to winter day electron density agrees with the ratio 1.42 calculated from ionization by the ultraviolet light of the sun. An average night ionization of 2.5×105 and 1×105 for summer and winter at 160 km is in rough accord with the radio facts as far as they are known, but within limits a more dense ionization at a higher level, or a less dense at a lower level, would accord equally well. The average day ionization for 1927 and 1928 is 6.5×105 electrons cm−3 which, when compared with the value 4.3×105 calculated from the skip distances of 1923 and 1924, shows that the ionization increased by about 50 percent from minimum to maximum solar activity.


text:
Frederick Starr: Anthropologist Lost from the History Books
You probably haven't heard of Frederick Starr. Like his contemporary Franz Boas, Starr was an anthropologist coming to fame while the discipline of anthropology was still being formed. Throughout his career, Starr studied people and cultures on three different continents, and still found time to make a name for himself as a lecturer at the University of Chicago. But unlike Boas—who is considered the father of American Anthropology—you won't find Starr's name in many textbooks. The tale of how Frederick Starr was nearly forgotten is one full of controversy and ideology.
Starr's Early Life and Career
Frederick Starr was born in 1858 in Auburn, New York, to the Reverend Frederick Starr Jr. and Helen Mills Starr. As a child, Starr was a strong student and an avid collector of fossils and minerals. He explored that interest further at the University of Rochester, where he studied geology; two years later, he transferred to Lafayette College in Pennsylvania and graduated in 1882. He received a doctorate in geology from Lafayette College in 1885.
In the late 1800s, anthropology was still a new and growing discipline, so Starr didn't study it formally. It wasn't until after his schooling, while teaching at Coe College, that Starr discovered his interest in the subject. He conducted both ethnographic and archaeological fieldwork among the local Sauk and Fox Indian tribes and reputedly taught the first anthropology course in Iowa while at Coe. It's not clear who or what specifically spurred Starr's interest in anthropology, but he pursued it avidly, leaving his studies of geology behind. Following his work at Coe College, Starr held several short-term positions, including working with the ethnological collection at the American Museum of Natural History, before finally accepting a long-term faculty position at the University of Chicago in 1892.
During his time at the University of Chicago, Starr became a very influential public speaker, frequently giving lectures on anthropological subjects that were open to the public through the University's extension program. After attending an extension course about prehistoric and primitive art, W.R. French, the director of the Art Institute of Chicago at the time, wrote that Starr's lectures were "both authoritative and agreeable," and that "Professor Starr has eminently the art of making scientific truth interesting to intelligent but unprofessional academics."
An Anthropologist is Born
According to Donald McVicker, author of Frederick Starr: Popularizer of Anthropology, Public Intellectual, and Genuine Eccentric, Starr engaged in an incredibly varied anthropological career at the turn of the 20th century. He conducted notable research in Mexico, among many Native American tribes in the United States, with the Ainu people of Japan, and in several regions of Africa.
The World's Fairs that took place in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries seemed to provide Starr with the perfect opportunities to put his work on display. Much to his dismay, however, Starr was not allowed an influential position at the famous World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. He was excluded by better known anthropologists like Boas and Frederic Ward Putnam, director of Harvard's Peabody Museum. Starr was commissioned to collect data about and artifacts from the Eastern Cherokee people in North Carolina for Putnam and Boas, but contributed little else to this fair.
At the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904, however, Starr's work made a much bigger splash. The anthropologist brought nine Ainu people and a translator back with him from Japan to be part of an exhibit at the fair. These Ainu, members of a Japanese indigenous group from Hokkaido in the northern part of the country, were to be displayed as part of a literal representation of the evolutionary stages of humanity towards civilization; along with several other indigenous groups assembled by other anthropologists, they were on display as "barbarous and semi-barbarous peoples." While this is unquestionably offensive to today's sensibilities, the visitor response to the exhibit at the time was overwhelmingly positive, as most people had never before heard of the Ainu and were intrigued by their appearance and practices. In a 1993 article about the Ainu exhibit, anthropologist James W. Vanstone reports the reactions from writers and visitors to the exhibit:
One enthusiastic writer referred to the Ainu as "mysterious little Japanese primitives" and noted that visitors were impressed by their cleanliness and polite manners, but somewhat disappointed that they were no "man-eaters, dog-eaters or wild men."
In addition to contributing to these World's Fairs, Starr produced several publications in conjunction with his fieldwork. These publications included many scholarly and other articles, as well as books like The Truth about the Congo, about his studies in that region; Indians of Southern Mexico: An Ethnographic Album; and In Indian Mexico: A Narrative of Travel and Labor, about the performance and findings of his extensive work with Indian tribes in Mexico.
Starr's Methods and Misconduct in Mexico
His appearance in St. Louis with the Ainu may have been Starr's most publicly recognized work, but if he is remembered at all today, it's for his fieldwork in Mexico. Starr recalls his purpose there in In Indian Mexico:
The work I planned to do among these indian towns was threefold: 1. The measurement of one hundred men and twenty-five women in each population, fourteen measurements being taken upon each subject; 2. The making of pictures,—portraits, dress, occupations, customs, buildings, and landscapes; 3. The making of plaster busts of five individuals in each tribe.
The primary goals in making such recordings were to observe the differences between various Mexican tribes and to establish the placement of such people, and their race and culture, on the same scale that he had placed the Ainu, from barbarous to civilized. It was assumed at the time that there were physical characteristics, such as cranial shape and size, that could mark such distinctions between races (a theory that has long since been disproved).
In his book, Starr refers to the Mexican people he is studying as "ignorant, timid, and suspicious." He also makes regular references to them being too drunk to allow their measurements to be taken. All of these characteristics assigned to these Mexican Indians by Starr explained, in his point of view, the difficulty he often had in securing subjects for measurement, and justified the forceful methods he felt compelled to use. Starr took advantage of the fact that prisoners could not refuse his requests to measure them, and regularly photographed and measured imprisoned subjects for his work. What's more, if there were individuals he wished to measure who did not acquiesce, he would threaten them with arrest and jail time so that they could no longer refuse. The authorities did not object to these methods, instead providing support for Starr by collecting subjects and keeping order. Starr even recounts a specific incident where policemen stopped a bullfight in progress in order to obtain a young man taking part in the fight for Starr's research.
Starr Fading from View
Over time, Starr's brutish, unethical methods and offensive ideas became questionable in the eyes of the anthropological community. The theories of his contemporary Boas, however, began to amass a great deal of support from other anthropologists and academics.
Boas, born and educated in Germany, moved to the United States in 1887 and proceeded to make substantial contributions to the methodology of American anthropology. By incorporating the methods of natural science into the discipline of anthropology, Boas emphasized the importance of conducting research before developing theories, as well as approaching studies in the most ethical and unbiased ways possible. What's more, he developed the modern interpretation of culture, viewing it as learned behavior and a product of a people's history, rather than a hierarchical measurement of civilization that would place the western world on top.
While most anthropologists, inspired by Boas, began to recognize the people they studied as part of the larger, equal human race, Starr continued to regard them as primitive and inferior, demonstrated by his attitude towards his subjects in Mexico. Soon, Starr's methods of fieldwork were widely considered unethical and his ideas about culture outdated.
Starr's charisma and ability as a speaker managed to keep him relevant in public education spheres toward the end of his career. In this capacity, Starr overshadowed Boas, who preferred not to address the general themes of anthropology necessary in public lecturing and was nervous about his skill in speaking English, which was not his first language. The academic discipline of anthropology, though, became dominated by Boas' methods and, over the years, Frederick Starr and his methods were phased out. Today, his work is rarely read, or even mentioned, in discussions or classes on anthropological history.
After 31 years at the University of Chicago, Starr retired from his post in 1923. True to form, he continued to travel the globe and engage in public speaking events until his death; he died unexpectedly of pneumonia while in Japan in 1933.


text:
Mechanics: Newton's Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion: Audio Guided Solution
Skydiving tunnels have become popular attractions, appealing in part to those who would like a taste of the skydiving experience but are too overwhelmed by the fear of jumping out of a plane at several thousand feet. Skydiving tunnels are vertical wind tunnels through which air is blown at high speeds, allowing visitors to experience bodyflight. On Natalya's first adventure inside the tunnel, she changes her orientation and for an instant, her 46.8-kg body momentarily experiences an upward force of air resistance of 521 N. Determine Natalya's acceleration during this moment in time.
Audio Guided Solution
Click to show or hide the answer!
1.3 m/s/s, up (rounded from 1.33 m/s/s)
Habits of an Effective Problem Solver
- Read the problem carefully and develop a mental picture of the physical situation. If necessary, sketch a simple diagram of the physical situation to help you visualize it.
- Identify the known and unknown quantities in an organized manner. Equate given values to the symbols used to represent the corresponding quantity - e.g., vo = 0 m/s; a = 4.2 m/s/s; vf = 22.9 m/s; d =???.
- Use physics formulas and conceptual reasoning to plot a strategy for solving for the unknown quantity.
- Identify the appropriate formula(s) to use.
- Perform substitutions and algebraic manipulations in order to solve for the unknown quantity.
Read About It!
Get more information on the topic of Newton's Laws of Motion at The Physics Classroom Tutorial.
Return to Problem Set
Return to Overview


text:
Three tunics of blood vessel
The three structural layers of a generalized blood vessel from innermost to outermost are the tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia. Modification of this basic design account for the five types of blood vessels and the structural and functional differences among the various vessel types. The tunica intima forms the inner lining of blood vessel and direct contact with the blood as it flows through the lumen of the vessel. Its innermost layer is endothelium which continuous with endocardial lining of the heart. The internal elastic lamina is the outermost part of tunica intima and facilitates diffusion of materials through the tunica intima to thicker tunica media. Besides that, tunica media is a muscular and connective tissue layer that displays the greatest variation among vessel types. The primary role of smooth muscle in tunica media is to regulate the diameter of lumen. Furthermore, tunica adventitia consists of elastic and collagen fibers. The tunica adventitia helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissues. The small vessels that supply blood to tissues of the vessel are called vasa vasorum.
Tunica Interna (Intima)
The tunica interna (intima) forms the inner lining of a blood vessel and is in direct contact with the blood as it flows through the lumen, or interior opening, of the vessel. Although this layer has multiple parts, these tissues components contribute minimally to the thickness of the vessel wall. Its innermost layer is a simple squamous epithelium, called endothelium, which is continuous with the endocardial cells were regarded as little more than a passive barrier between the blood and the remainder of the vessel wall. it is now known that endothelial cells are active participants in a variety of vessel-related activities, including physically influencing blood flow, secreting locally acting chemical mediators that influence the contractile state of the vessel;s overlying smooth muscle, and assisting with capillary permeability.
The second components of the tunica interna is a basement membrane deep to the endothelium. It provides a physical support base for the the epithelial layer. Its framework of collagen fibers affords the basal lamina significant tensile strength yet its properties also provide resilience fro stretching and recoil. The basal lamina anchors the endothelium to the underlying connective tissues while also regulating molecular movement. it appears to play an important role in guiding cell movements during tissues repair of blood vessel wall. The outermost part of the tunica interna, which forms the boundary between the tunica interna and tunica media, is the internal elastic lamina. The internal elastic lamina is a thin sheet of elastic fibers with a variable number of window-like openings that give it the look of Swiss cheese. These openings facilitate diffusion of materials through the tunica interna to the thicker tunica media.
The tunica media is a muscular and connective tissues layer that displays the greatest variation among the different vessel types. In most vessels, it is a relatively thick layer comprised mainly of smooth muscle cells and substantial amounts of elastic fibers. The primary role of the smooth muscle cells, which extend circularly around the lumen like a ring encirles your finger, is to regulate the diameter of the luman, As you will learn in more detail shortly, the rate of blood flow through different parts of the body is regulated by the vessels. Furthermore, the extents of smooth muscle contraction in particular vessel types is crucial in the regulation of blood pressure.
In addition to regulating blood flow and blood pressure, smooth muscle contract when vessels are damaged to help limit loss of blood through the injured vessel and smooth muscle cells help produce the elastic fibers within the tunica media that allow the vessels to stretch and recoil under the applied pressure of the blood.
The tunica media is the most variable of the tunics.
The outer covering of a blood vessel, the tunica adventitia, consists of elastic and collagen fibers. Separating the tunica adventitia from the tunica media is a network of elastic fibers, the external adventitia contains numerous nerves and, especially in larger vessels, tiny blood vessels that supply the tissues of the vessel wall. These small vessels that supply blood to the tissues of the vessel is called vasa vasorum, or vessels to the vessels. They care easily seen on large vessels such as the aorta. In addition to the important role of supplying the vessel wall with nerves and self-vessels, the tunica adventitia helps anchor the vessels to surrounding tissues.


Air Pressure in PVC pipe
 1. Consider the following:
 I have 2 PVC pipes, one is small enough to fit into the other with a little extra space. A rubber ring is placed around the smaller one to fill up the empty space, making a good seal to push air in and out of the larger one. Ignore any friction caused by the ring on the inside of the large pipe. The small pipe also has a strong stopper on the side that is plugged into the large pipe.
 The small pipe is pushed slightly up into the big one, and on the other end of the big one there is a stopper, preventing air from escaping. Imagine that it's perfectly attached and won't blow off with any amount of force.
 The small pipe is standing on the ground, slightly inside the large pipe, and some amount of weight is placed on top of the large pipe, say, 300 lbs. (I would use metrics, but there would be too much conversion for my situation)
 Assuming I'm at sea level, and using your every day air, how is the pressure (psi) on the inside of the large pipe determined when you know how much weight is pushing it down?
 2. jcsd
 3. Try
 PV = constant, assuming the temperature before and after compression is the same
 4. Once the assembly comes to rest, the applied weight is balanced by the pressure inside acting on the cross-sectional area at the top of the large pipe. So, you need to know the weight and the inside area.
 Using 256bits hint, you can predict how far down the large pipe will slide for your given weight and pipe size.
 5. All right, let's try adding some numbers here.
 Large pipe length minus inside stopper length: 5 ft
 Small pipe: 5 ft
 (pretend stopper doesn't expand beyond the top of the pipe)
 Weight on top: 300 lbs
 Average external air pressure: 14.7 psi
 Please include the basic equation(s) that you would use to solve this, as it's been a while since I've gone over this kind of thing, and I don't have the textbook that I once had.
 6. To be clear, only the outside diameter of the inside pipe is important.
 Since you are only interested in the final pressure, temperature changes are unimportant.
 7. I'll estimate the outside diameter of the inside pipe to be 2". So its area will be 3.14 square inches.
 Your resulting gauge pressure will be 300 pounds per 3.14 square inches = 95.5psi.
 Since you are mentioning the external air pressure, we can compute the absolute pressure in the pipe as:
 95.5 + 14.7 psi = 110.2psi (absolute).
 8. Oops. I forgot to put in the diameters. id=inside diameter, od=outside diameter
 Big Pipe od: 2.375 in
 Big Pipe id: 2.067 in
 Small od : 1.900 in
 Small id : 1.593 in
 9. I've probably put more information then necessary, but it's been a while since I've taken a Physics class (which I love) and can't find my old textbook, so I didn't want to risk anything. I'd appreciate any recommendations for a good website that talks about this concept and includes some equations that would help me understand and calculate this question.
 And if there does happen to be something that I should have added to my information, let me know. And please include the basic equation(s) that you used to solve this.
 Thanks to everyone helping with this.
 10. My guess for the inside pipe OD was only off by 0.1"! So:
 Gauge pressure: [itex]P_g = 300lb/(\pi (1.9/2)^2)psi = 105.8psi[/itex]
 Absolute pressure: [itex]P_a = P_g + 14.7psi = 120.5psi[/itex]
 There's actually a bit of ambiguity here. The exact amount depends on how that gasket (the rubber ring) is supported. It's against stretched against the inner pipe, but is also pressing against the outer pipe. So which pipe is keeping it from blowing free?
 If it was firmly attached to the inside pipe, then we would use the inside diameter of the outside pipe in our calculation (2.067"). If it was firmly attached to the outside pipe, then we would use the outside diameter of the inside pipe (1.900"), as we did in the calculations above.
 Let's assume that it is a shared task with the inside pipe providing support for 2/3 of the rings width and the outside ring holding 1/3 of that ring.
 Then the diameter we will use is:
 Effective piston diameter: [itex]D_p = (2/3)1.900 + (1/3)2.067 = 1.956 inches[/itex]
 The area we are applying the force against is:
 Effective piston cross section: [itex]A_p = \pi (D_p/2)^2 sq. in. = 3.004 sq. in.[/itex]
 The force we are applying:
 Force against this cross section: [itex]F_p = 300 lb.[/itex]
 The resulting pressure:
 Gauge pressure: [itex]P_g = F_p/A_p = 300lb/(3.004 sq. in.) = 99.9psi[/itex]
 Absolute pressure: [itex]P_a = P_g + 14.7psi = 114.6psi[/itex]
 Last edited: Aug 15, 2014
 1 person likes this.
 11..Scott,
 I'm not sure how exactly this will affect the situation, but the smaller tube will have a small groove cut into it to hold the rubber ring, probably a bit of glue to try and hold it. To make it simple, there will be some kind of oil on the inside of the large tube to take away as much friction as possible.
 12. In that case, the ring is fully supported by the inside tube, so the diameter that should have been used is the inside diameter of the outside pipe (2.067"). I'll let you post the arithmetic this time.
 13. Dpiston=inside big pipe=2.067in
 14. With all of these previous pieces of information, I have one more question. How is a new weight calculated of an object that is has been falling?
 I'm going to add a couple things here. Let's assume the small cylinder weighs 5 lbs, and the large cylinder weighs 10 lbs.
 The smaller cylinder in the piston is on the ground and kept up by some metal feet, the large cylinder is being pulled down by gravity (9.8 m/s2). How far would the large cylinder go until the air pressure inside the piston is equally opposite to the gravitational force?
 Next, a heavy object falls down on top of the large cylinder. Let's say it's the 300 pound weight again. If the large cylinder is weaker in pressure capability, and it's max is 350 PSI, how high can the 300 lbs weight fall from to match the 350 PSI?
 Since we already know that P=F/A, we can decide that F=P*A.
 So the max force, F = 350 PSI * 3.356 in2 = 1174.6 lbs
 How high can we drop a 300 lbs object from to get a max pressure of 1174.6 lbs?
Have something to add?
Draft saved Draft deleted


text: K-Vest is the industry leading motion capture system, allowing to capture 6 Degrees of freedom (turn, bend, side bend, sway, thrust, and lift) currently used by Andrew Stephens and Sara Stephens. This system allows us to measure the body's rotation and linear movements. K-VEST's 6D technology platform consistently and accurately analyzes the motion of a golfer's swing in 6 degrees of freedom. Unlike anything on the market today, K-VEST 6D captures swing efficiency, via the kinematic sequence graph, and also allows users to measure key rotational and linear biomechanical information. Not only can the K-Vest identify faulty motor patterns, but in a matter of seconds my students can use Dynamic Visual Training to see, feel, and hear the correct movements of the body. Feeling a swing change has never been more simple. K-Vest will allow us to correct inefficient movements in your swing and maximize your potential as a golfer and an athlete.


25. Harry Prout
21 Feb
Screen Shot Harry crp[We had heard a lot about the impressive accomplishments of Brother Harry Prout, yet as our interview commenced, I don't think either of us were prepared to be quite as blown away as we were by the amazing tales of a life of generosity and compassion that Harry had to tell.
Raised on a dairy farm, Harry's own life had modest beginnings. His family life consisted of simplistic things such as growing potatoes, or "spuds" on their farm, looking after their flocks of sheep and riding bikes around – "we were generally pretty feral actually!" Harry jokes. But his childhood was also one of work, as he recalls having to milk the cows early each morning and then head off to school. On his return from a day of classes, Harry continued working, taking over the milking from his mother before dinner time. Such dedicated, hardworking attributes shone through early in Harry's life and it is easy to see how he has carried this selfless attitude into later life. Not only that, but growing up on a farm enabled Harry to gain "a sense of nature, and God's presence in nature", what with new life surrounding him all the time, as calves that were born came into milking and eventually had babies of their own.
Harry's strong beliefs and a desire to find a new life led him to join the Marist brothers. The institute of the Brothers was created in 1817, originally with a focus on educating poor and rural children in France, an aspiration that is still true of the organisation nowadays. Harry describes how their goal was to help the poor and the powerless. For Harry himself, he had always felt a particular pull towards helping the outcasts and the poor amongst society, "standing up for justice" in the same way that his other family members did. His charitable instincts could perhaps run in the family, as his mother was a nurse who cared for Aboriginal mothers who had their children taken away, while his father worked in Aboriginal Affairs.
Helping the young did not stop with his involvement in the Marist Brothers. Throughout Harry's life, he has been actively involved in retreat work all around Australia, particularly at school camps. Harry believes that this sort of experience has enabled him to realise that sometimes it is necessary to just stop and ask an individual how they are going in life. The response to this question is sometimes shocking, particularly when it comes from such young people who are incredibly ambitious, aspiring individuals who have unfortunately suffered throughout their lives.
Harry has a background of teaching and has taught in 4 different schools across Australia. With a chuckle Harry acknowledges that aside from a smattering of English, History and Religion; he used to teach dance and movement for a while. "One of the things I miss most, actually, when I gave up teaching, was producing musicals… Such a great community building activity [where] the natural talents of kids really shine through." Through years of being a teacher, Harry gained an understanding of the importance of education and learning being present in a child's life – making him all the more valuable in his current position. When asked how he came to be in West Heidelberg, Harry explains that he had been working at a retreat centre in Mt Macedon, in a position of leadership. When he was approached by a woman named Sister Sally, who was accompanying a group of students, to come and work in their community, Harry felt ready to move on from his current position and accept a new challenge. Moving into the new area proved to be a big change for Harry, not merely because of the different surroundings but the people he lived with were not just other Brothers, but people from around the area. Harry notes, "It was actually the first time I had lived with women, so that was a big learning curve for me!"
Harry's initiation into the community wasn't easy. He had grown up and lived in a middle class society; therefore this new environment was confronting and at times "awkward". He reminisces on the very fond memories of being assaulted up as he tried to intervene in a fight between young boys. It was a long journey for Harry, but he eventually built a good rapport with all groups in the community. These relationships have led to a lot of mutual trust and respect; they would all do anything for each other.
According to Harry, coming to West Heidelberg has helped increase his sensitivity and compassion towards those with disabilities. It has given him "a richer" understanding of mental illnesses, something he considers a "blessing", and has also been in close contact with other less fortunate people. "In the neighbourhood, 20% of the population are Somali refugees", remarks Harry, and it is because of this he has come to understand a lot more about their plight. A quiet kind of pride seeps into Harry's voice as he recalls the Somalian refugees he has had contact with. He notes that unfortunately, in war-torn countries, usually it is not the poor and the disadvantaged who manage to escape, but those with a higher standing and some wealth. Therefore the refugees who have settled out here are the ones who already value education. "They know about education and they aspire to education." Harry conveys to us a sense of their bravery and resourcefulness in making a life for themselves in Australia, and explains how even though they have known what it is to be educated, often out here they cannot afford such luxury and this can be very degrading for them. We, two privileged young girls who have just successfully completed Year 12, were stunned to hear about the ongoing conditions for these refugees and the fiery passion that Harry harbours in regards to looking out for those who come from war-torn countries was nothing less than inspiring.
West Heidelberg, the suburb that Harry currently resides in, is one of the most disadvantaged areas in Victoria. The level of poverty experienced by the town is very confronting. The number of individuals who have or do suffer with mental illness, abandonment, divorce, or alcohol and drug reliance is extremely high. Harry believes that sometimes bad experiences lead to even worse experiences, for example a single mother may consume unhealthy amounts of alcohol in order to "numb the pain" of her situation. This domino effect only contributes to the cycle of poverty in this small town.
Harry informs us that one major issue in the community is increasing obesity, particularly amongst youth. Living conveniently close to many fast-food restaurants has resulted in the community's large consumption of foods high in saturated and trans fats. This unhealthy diet leads to the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and many other health problems later in life. In order to tackle this issue, Harry has proactively promoted healthy eating by teaching them the convenience of healthy alternatives. He opens his house for "drop in lunches", providing healthy meals to the community. Harry also raves about the Summer BBQs which are regularly held in his backyard. Harry believes that the popularity of his services has merely been spread through word of mouth. The number of people who drop by Harry's house for lunch continuously increases, enough so that the visiting list has extended to over 300 families.
It took Harry a while to adjust to his new lifestyle, but he quickly learned that what was needed most in the community was someone to listen and allow the local people to give voice to what they really wanted. "I soon came to see that we have two ears and one mouth for a reason, so I did a lot of listening." Most of the young people claimed they just wanted somewhere to go and "hang out", so the house Harry lived in, the very house we sat in for our interview, became like a place of refuge and rest, where all were welcome. It was touching to hear Harry describe how the house would sometimes hold big gatherings with up to 20 people, who would all come along to enjoy a meal and support each other. When prompted to talk about winning the Jaga Jaga Australia Day Award, he quickly asserts that it was awarded to "the whole community".
"[It was] just a recognition of the volunteer work we do," Harry modestly tells us. The award was presented as a token to acknowledge how he and the other workers managed to "identify with people who are poor, to see if we could help them in anyway. … We just wanted… to journey with the people… understand what it's like in their boots."
The small, modest house that we sat in for the interview was the home that Harry had slept, cooked, showered and invited people into over the past few years. It was a very small abode, although it had a cosy, welcoming atmosphere that everybody who walked through the door felt. Harry explains how his home and the many neighbouring houses were built over 56 years ago for the Olympians of the 1956 Olympic Games which were held in Melbourne. Harry acknowledges that the houses in the Olympic Village were not "built to last", resulting in many maintenance issues, mould and extreme temperature conditions during the hotter and colder months. Despite this, Harry graciously lives in his small home, taking advantage of the luxuries that his life has been granted with.
Harry's work amongst his community is very important. Sadly, education isn't regarded as a priority like it is for those in higher socio-economic areas. Very few in Harry's area actually finish year 12. There's not a lot of encouragement to go to school, and even if they do, they don't achieve very high results. Harry believes that education is the "key to confidence" and in order to promote learning amongst the community, he wanted to provide a safe haven away from the chaos and mess at home for young kids to get their homework done to a sufficient standard. This eventuated in the local homework club, which enabled children to get help with their Maths and English at


text:
The Milkwater is a river located beyond the Wall. It is created from several tributaries that originate in the Frostfangs, and runs south along the mountain range until it pours its waters into the Bay of Ice. It carves a deep gorge through the mountains as it empties into the sea at the western end of the Wall, which is guarded by the Shadow Tower.
The Milkwater has four main branches, none of which has been revealed to have a formal name - they are all considered part of "the Milkwater". One major branch runs all the way north along the mountain range, almost to the valley of the Thenn. The next branch runs northwest from the Fist of the First Men, north of the Skirling Pass. A third branch runs south of the Fist and the Skirling Pass. The fourth and southernmost branch actually doesn't originate in the Frostfangs, but in the Haunted Forest to the east. Indeed, it extends as far east as Castle Black (though at a much northern latitude), and runs past Craster's Keep. This final branch joins the river somewhat north of the Shadow Tower.
- ↑ Season 2 Bluray: War of the Five Kings feature


Scroll to navigation
TSEARCH(3) Linux Programmer's Manual TSEARCH(3)
_TAG_
void *tfind(const void *key, void *const *rootp,
 const VISIT which,
 const int depth));
_TAG_ _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
_TAG_ void tdestroy(void *root, void (*free_node)(void *nodep));
tsearch(), tfind(), twalk(), and tdelete() manage a binary tree. They are generalized from Knuth (6.2.2) Algorithm T. The first field in each node of the tree is a pointer to the corresponding data item. (The calling program must store the actual data.) compar points to a comparison routine, which takes pointers to two items. It should return an integer which is negative, zero, or positive, depending on whether the first item is less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
tsearch() searches the tree for an item. key points to the item to be searched for. rootp points to a variable which points to the root of the tree. If the tree is empty, then the variable that rootp points to should be set to NULL. If the item is found in the tree, then tsearch() returns a pointer to it. If it is not found, then tsearch() adds it, and returns a pointer to the newly added item.
tfind() is like tsearch(), except that if the item is not found, then tfind() returns NULL.
tdelete() deletes an item from the tree. Its arguments are the same as for tsearch().
twalk() performs depth-first, left-to-right traversal of a binary tree. root points to the starting node for the traversal. If that node is not the root, then only part of the tree will be visited. twalk() calls the user function action each time a node is visited (that is, three times for an internal node, and once for a leaf). action, in turn, takes three arguments. The first argument is a pointer to the node being visited. The structure of the node is unspecified, but it is possible to cast the pointer to a pointer-to-pointer-to-element in order to access the element stored within the node. The application must not modify the structure pointed to by this argument. The second argument is an integer which takes one of the values preorder, postorder, or endorder depending on whether this is the first, second, or third visit to the internal node, or the value leaf if this is the single visit to a leaf node. (These symbols are defined in .) The third argument is the depth of the node; the root node has depth zero.
(More commonly, preorder, postorder, and endorder are known as preorder, inorder, and postorder: before visiting the children, after the first and before the second, and after visiting the children. Thus, the choice of name postorder is rather confusing.)
tdestroy() removes the whole tree pointed to by root, freeing all resources allocated by the tsearch() function. For the data in each tree node the function free_node is called. The pointer to the data is passed as the argument to the function. If no such work is necessary, free_node must point to a function doing nothing.
tsearch() returns a pointer to a matching item in the tree, or to the newly added item, or NULL if there was insufficient memory to add the item. tfind() returns a pointer to the item, or NULL if no match is found. If there are multiple elements that match the key, the element returned is unspecified.
tdelete() returns a pointer to the parent of the item deleted, or NULL if the item was not found.
tsearch(), tfind(), and tdelete() also return NULL if rootp was NULL on entry.
Interface Attribute Value
tsearch (), tfind (), tdelete () Thread safety MT-Safe race:rootp
twalk () Thread safety MT-Safe race:root
tdestroy () Thread safety MT-Safe
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4. The function tdestroy() is a GNU extension.
twalk() takes a pointer to the root, while the other functions take a pointer to a variable which points to the root.
tdelete() frees the memory required for the node in the tree. The user is responsible for freeing the memory for the corresponding data.
The example program depends on the fact that twalk() makes no further reference to a node after calling the user function with argument "endorder" or "leaf". This works with the GNU library implementation, but is not in the System V documentation.
The following program inserts twelve random numbers into a binary tree, where duplicate numbers are collapsed, then prints the numbers in order.
_TAG_ _GNU_SOURCE /* Expose declaration of tdestroy() */
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
static void *root = NULL;
static void *
xmalloc(unsigned n)
 void *p;
 p = malloc(n);
 if (p)
 return p;
 fprintf(stderr, "insufficient memory\n");
static int
compare(const void *pa, const void *pb)
 return -1;
 return 1;
 return 0;
static void
 int *datap;
 switch (which) {
 case preorder:
 case postorder:
 datap = *(int **) nodep;
 case endorder:
 case leaf:
 datap = *(int **) nodep;
 int i, *ptr;
 void *val;
 ptr = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
 *ptr = rand() & 0xff;
 if (val == NULL)
 else if ((*(int **) val)!= ptr)
 twalk(root, action);
 tdestroy(root, free);
2015-08-08 GNU


Ufo Case Files Of Russia
Created by Jijith Nadumuri at 03 Mar 2011 15:30 and updated at 30 May 2011 05:53
Ufo Case Files Of Russia is a book authored by the Russian UFOlogist Paul Stonehill and the British UFOlogist Philip Mantle. This book introduces the UFO phenomena of the most important cases, observations, and sightings. UFO CASE FILES OF RUSSIA endeavours to describe efforts of those dedicated researchers who have stubbornly pursued UFO research in the Russian Empire, the USSR, and modern Russia.
UFO-CASE-FILES-OF-RUSSIA.jpg paul%20stonehill.jpg Philip%20Mantle.JPG
Paul Stonehill Philip Mantle
Ancient-astronaut theory is gaining prominence due to the combined analysis of ancient literature in various ancient civilizations of the world including that of the Egyptians, Indians, Chinese, Mesopotamian, Greek, Asteks and Mayans. This book however is not directly dealing with ancient-astronaut theory. It instead discusses several paranormal incidents as they occurred and what the witnesses or those who studied about these incidents did about them, thought about them and/or concluded about them. Yet it gives several starting-points leading to the question of ancient astronaut presence or on the question of technological excellence of the ancient world that they developed by their own or by the influence of the ancient aliens. What got my attention in this book, relevant to the study of ancient India and the strange narrations in Mahabharata is the following passages. These are published here with the permission of Paul Stonehill:-
The Golden Woman
The initial chapters of the book deals with ancient Russia and incidents happened in those periods which modern UFO researchers would classify as UFO or alien encounters. Here is mentioned about a statue of the Golden woman who is associated with ancient Sumerian and Indian civilizations.
The Space Rocket with Sanskrit Inscriptions in the cockpit
Page 44:- In the 90s of the 20th century the outstanding archeologist V.Khvoika gained fame through the discovery of the ancient Trypillian culture in Ukraine. He found a "Space Rocket". The object was removed, cut into several pieces and placed in trucks. Strange writings were discovered in the "cockpit" of the space rocket. The language was Sanskrit, an ancient language of India. The Soviets were able to solve some of the secrets of the rocket ship and it helped them when they were in the process of building their own space technologies.
Page 45:- Could we surmise that if the object discovered and excavated in Kiev in 1948 was an ancient Indian space rocket? There was yet another mention of a strange archeological discovery in Kiev. This time a chest containing five hundred books written in Arabic, Greek, Sanskrit and Slavic languages.
The Three Eyed Alien
Page 86:- As part of some strange events recorded in September 27, 1989 in Voronezh a crown that had gathered there saw a "three-eyed alien" through an open hatch of a flying UFO (a red balls some 10 yards in diameter). The alien was about 10 feet tall, in silvery overalls, bronze colored boots and wearing a disk on his chest.
The dark skinned strangers (Hindus? Aliens?) who arrived in a craft
Page 104:- The strangers arrived in a craft that was shaped like an arrowhead of large dimensions. There were three of them, all of whom were described as dark skinned people… Were these strangers Hindus or aliens from outer space? It is possible for Hindus to travel to Russia over mountains at an altitude of seven kilometers… Apparently the craft did not have an engine and used no fuel. Thus air currents apparently moved it.
Page 108: The UFO flew towards Astrakhan (This city has a Sanskrit etymology:- Astra-khani, the place where the Astras or arrows are stored!)
Aircraft coated with silver-colored fabric like in an ancient Vimana
Page 141: The aircraft was spherical and had a diameter of about seven meters. It had a small, drop-like cockpit, four tall legs with tiny wheels. The aircraft's hull was either made from metal or covered with silver-colored fabric. (The descriptions of Vimanas in ancient Indian texts mentions that some Vimanas are spherical and are coated with silver)
Ancient electronics or ancient nano-tech?
Page 151: The fragments showed that the UFO consisted of unusual elements. They resembled electroinc boards of modern TV sets except that their elements consisted of atoms and molecules skillfully "mounted" on silica base. (ancient Nano-technology?)
Mention of submerged cities like that of the Nivata Kavachas
Page 176: They discovered three human skeletons each more than three meters tall. The skeletons were adored with decorations that looked like bats made from silver. There is a Kirgiz legend about a submerged city in the Issik Kul Lake (Kyrgistan) a deep water lake in Transiliysk Ala Tau area. Also observed in Trans-Baikal and western Siberian regions. (Mahabharat mentions about the submerged city of Nivatakavachas)
Mention about exotic materials
Page 198: The balls had a metallic sheen and possessed of structures resembling crystalline and would not be dissolved in any acid
Deva-like ancient tribe in China?
Page 201: Mysteries of the Ural mountains:- In the 1980s perfectly preserved 3000 years old mummies began appearing in a remote Chines desert. They had long reddish-blond hair, European features and didn't appear to be ancestors of th modern-day Chinese people. Archeologists now think that they may have been the people of an ancient civilization that existed at the crossroads between China and Europe perhaps even the southern Ural steppes.
(Are these the Devas or the Gandharvas mentioned in Mahabharata)?. My analysis shows that the Devas and Asuras were the first advanced civilization that developed on the banks of Saraswati river of North-Western India, who later migrated northwards along the Sindhu and Saraswati rivers to Tibet and settled there. They were in search of colder climatic conditions which receded from the Saraswati basin but was available in southern Tibet due to the decline of the last ice age (10,000 BC to 8000 BC). Later they might have spread from southern Tibet to northern China where these old mummies are found with Caucasian features. This implies that the Deva-Asura tribe were the forerunners of the ancient Central Asian and European tribes.)
Asura like tribes who lived in Patala (underground cities)
Page 201-202: Udmurts (oldest eastern-Finnish people in the north west woodland Urals) who were also known as ari, arsk, or as chud. The chuds were also mentioned as strange dark skinned tribe with secret-powers, who lived in the bowels of earth where they built underground cities. (Mahabharata mentions about underground cities of the Nagas and Asuras in Patala. Are these people the Asuras or the Nagas who lived in Patala?)
The lake named Narada and its mysteries
Page 207: Thousands of strange mostly spiral-shaped objects has been found in _PHONE_ by gold prospectors on the small river Narada on the eastern side of the Urals. (Narada is an ancient globe-trotting traveler sage mentioned in Mahabharata. Strange that there is a river by that name in Russia. Equally intriguing is the spiral-shaped objects.)
Anomalous regions with time dilation
Page 216: In Barsa-Kelms Island there is an anomalous region where some members spent half an hour in a 'white fog" but upon return found out they were missing a day
Anomalous regions with space-time portals
Page 219: The natives of Priamurije have legends that describe heavens opening "doors" between different worlds. The worlds are located in the "outer original world", "underground" and in the "Great Beyond". (Sounds like the space-time portals towards the-fourteen-worlds mentioned in the Puranas). They also describe about aircrafts and believe that "flying saucers" are nothing but the ships of the "Sovereigns of the Thunder" (An allusion to Indra the lord of Thunder?)
River Angara
Page 221: Such anomalies (eg:- Devil's Cemetry) are also found in a river named Kova, the tributary of the Angara river. (This river name seems to have a Sanskrit etymology. Angara means 'glowing red'. The word also seems to be the basis for the English word 'anger'. When one is angry, ones face turns red. A Gandharva in Mahabharata is named AngaraParna, the Gandharva with red hair. Similarly the red-planet Mars is named Angaraka. It will be interesting to know if this Russian river is red in color.
Levitating shaman and iron clothings, ancient astronauts?
Page 227: Legends around a lake in Chukotka includes mention about a shaman capable of levitation. From the descriptions he is mentioned as dressed in what modern observers could recognize as space-suits. (A case for the ancient-astronaut theory.)
Page 231: Another legend in Yakutia (Shaka) mentions about "very skinny black one-eyed people in iron clothing" (Similarly a case for the ancient astronaut theory.)
Mammoths as late as 1000 BC


text:
Search Result for "autocratically":
1. in an overbearingly domineering manner; as a dictator;
- Example: "this manager acts dictatorially toward his colleagues"
[syn: dictatorially, autocratically, magisterially]
2. in an autocratic manner;
- Example: "the Czars ruled Russia autocratically"
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Autocratic \Au'to*crat"ic\, Autocratical \Au'to*crat"ic*al\, a. Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government. -- Au'to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. [1913 Webster]


text:
Much has been written about the challenges churches faced in maintaining corporate worship during the pandemic, but little has been reported on the changes brought about in religious education.
Yet a new national study from Hartford Institute for Religion Research shows key elements of church-based religious education suffered greatly and have not rebounded to pre-pandemic levels.
While these challenges affected all age levels, the greatest changes appear to have been in programming for preschoolers, children and youth. As one indicator, vacation Bible school took a severe hit and even this year will not return to its pre-pandemic levels.
Prior to the pandemic, 36% of churches offered VBS or some similar form of church day camps during the summer. In 2020, the first year of the pandemic, only 17% of congregations offered VBS. That number rebounded back to 36% in summer 2021, but this year, only 31% of churches say they plan to offer VBS in 2022.
Across the board, however, churches responded with creativity to the limitations on in-person gatherings created by COVID-19.
"Religious education leaders showed considerable originality using online tools, strengthening at-home DIY efforts, hosting intergenerational activities with COVID precautions, and creating novel approaches like Pizza Church or Dungeons and Dragons clubs," said principal investigator Scott Thumma.
The new study, Exploring the Pandemic Impact on Congregations: Innovation Amidst and Beyond Covid-19 study is a collaborative, five-year research project funded by Lilly Endowment and led by the Hartford Institute for Religion Research at Hartford International University for Religion and Peace.
While most U.S. churches shut down all in-person religious education and worship events during the first months of the pandemic, worship came back online much sooner than religious education, the study found. One reason is that worship services are more easily offered in an online or hybrid format than children's Sunday school, for example.
"Our earlier studies from summer and winter 2021 provided an indication that although worship was being held in person in at least 90% of churches, religious education was still far from normal," the researchers noted. "It is precisely these types of religious educational programs and activities for children and youth that dramatically shape the next generations of church participants, suggesting that these pandemic challenges and adaptations will have much longer-term consequences for religious communities."
In short, the researchers said: "It is clear that religious educational programming has been slow to adapt and recover from the pandemic. Our initial survey of the study conducted in summer 2021 showed that the participation of children and youth had decreased for 60% of churches and adult involvement in religious education dropped in 51% of congregations. As the most recent March 2022 survey shows, while 46% of congregations surveyed agreed that their education programming had continued without major disruption, half had faced major disruption."
But as with nearly every other pandemic-related trend, these challenges were not felt equally by all congregations: "Smaller churches, those in the mainline tradition, and churches that did not quickly return to a modified in-person education program suffered more during the past two years. It is also clear that virtual religious education did not work well for younger children and youth, though it has benefited adult education efforts. Based on open-ended comments, religious education is being reconceptualized for a significant group of churches, discontinued for a smaller percentage, and is back to 'business as usual' for the remaining congregations."
The net effect, two years later, is that the number of congregations reporting a "strong emphasis" on children's religious education has dropped from 57% before the pandemic to 43%.
Notably, nationwide involvement in children's programming at U.S. churches has dropped 30%, while involvement in youth education has declined 40%.
Among multiple factors, a key driver is less availability of volunteers to teach or lead these classes.
"Overall volunteering has been significantly down since the pandemic, from roughly 40% of the membership in early 2020 to 20% in March 2022."
"Throughout the pandemic, many congregations have struggled to cultivate consistent and reliable volunteers for ministry programming," the report explains. "Overall volunteering has been significantly down since the pandemic, from roughly 40% of the membership in early 2020 to 20% in March 2022.
"Given this pattern and the fact that lay volunteers make up the bulk of children's and youth education programming, it is not surprising that 57% of churches agreed they had volunteer challenges in the education program during the past two years."
Again, the situation has been more severe in smaller churches than in larger churches, which have a larger pool of potential volunteers.
Adult religious education has proved more flexible and has endured the storm better, researchers found.
"In our pre-pandemic 2020 survey, all but 4% of congregations reported offering religious education for adults and 60% of faith communities gave this activity 'a lot of emphasis.' Based on our most recent survey, churches were better equipped to carry this support of adult education into a COVID situation than the aforementioned programming for younger audiences. Fewer churches put their adult education programs on pause compared to their children's programs, with roughly two-thirds of congregations moving classes online or to a hybrid context.
"By the summer of 2021, adult religious education participation had declined for about half (51%) of the churches surveyed, but only 18% stopped outright. Sixteen percent of programs even saw an increase in participation. In our November 2021 survey, adult programs looked relatively the same as they had six months before, with 17% growing and 50% having decreased.
"Our March 2022 survey showed that adult education participation as a whole had the smallest losses compared to pre-pandemic levels, and many churches' adult programs remained even (23%) or grew (25%) since 2019."
Most comprehensive study yet of COVID's impact on churches finds uneven results
In a world of haves and have-nots, America's churches should capitalize on their strengths, religion researcher says
Another major study confirms: Most American congregations are small, but most churchgoers attend large congregations


text:
God's Undertaker" I noticed a reference to "Evolution - ein kritisches Lehrbuch" by Professor Siegfried Scherer. I'll admit I didn't pay it much heed at the time - the review was already unwieldy in length, my German was rusty, and tracing down every last error would have been something of a time sink.
But a couple of months later I amused myself with a dictionary and skimmed a few pages of the book Lennox had used to justify the following quote:
"Siegfried Scherer of the Technical University in Munich suggests that living things can be classified in certain basic types – a classification slightly broader than that of species. A 'basic type' is defined to be a collection of living things connected either directly or indirectly through hybridization, without regard for whether the hybrids are sterile or not. This definition incorporates both genetic and morphological concepts of species, and, according to Scherer, research so far indicates that 'in the whole experimentally accessible domain of microevolution (including research in artificial breeding and in species formation), all variations have certainly remained within the confines of basic types'." -God's Undertaker, Page 109I'd thought that the 'basic type' sounded suspiciously like the Biblical 'kind', used by Creationists to mean something between species and clade, meandering between both possible definitions depending which chapter of Genesis was at stake.


text:
Volume 406, Number 2, August I 2003
|Page(s)||715 - 724|
|Published online||17 November 2003|
Can ion-neutral damping help to form spicules?
Space and Atmosphere Research Center, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Sheffield, The Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
2 Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Lab, 3251 Hanover St., O/L9-41, Bldg. 252, Palo Alto, CA94304, USA e-mail: _EMAIL_; _EMAIL_; _EMAIL_
Corresponding author: R. Erdélyi, _EMAIL_
Accepted: 7 May 2003
The possible mechanism of generation of spicules by Alfvénic waves is studied in dissipative MHD where dissipation is mainly caused by ion-neutral collision damping, as suggested by Haerendel ([CITE]). Ion-neutral damping becomes non-negligible at the high cyclic frequencies involved, typically greater than, and the potential role played by this effect in both forming and supporting solar spicules is investigated. The propagation of high frequency Alfvén waves on vertically open solar magnetic flux tubes is considered. The flux tubes are taken to be axisymmetric and initially untwisted with the field strength declining from in the photosphere to in the corona. Their propagation is investigated by numerically solving a set of fully nonlinear, dissipative 1.5D MHD equations with the waves being generated by a continuous sinusoidal driver introduced into the equation of angular momentum in the low atmosphere of the Sun. Spicule-like structures with heights of up to were formed. The formation was found to be caused by the impact of a series of slow shocks generated by the continuous interaction between the upward propagating driven wave train and the downward propagating train of waves created by reflection off the transition region and aided by the increased thermal pressure gradient caused by Joule heating due to ion-neutral collisions. The adiabatic results suggest that ion-neutral damping may not support spicules as described by Haerendel ([CITE]). However, the effect is highly sensitive to the level of ionisation and therefore to the energy balance. Including the effects of thermal conduction and radiation may well lead to different results and thus it would be premature to dismiss the mechanism completely at this point. In addition, the relatively high chromospheric temperatures obtained, even at frequencies for which ion-neutral damping and heating might be expected to be unimportant, suggest intriguing possibilities for combining the mechanism with others that are better able to recreate spicule dynamics but suffer from unrealistically low temperatures.
Key words: magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) / waves / Sun: transition region / Sun: faculae, plages / Sun: atmosphere / Sun: chromosphere
© ESO, 2003
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.


text:
Organic charge transfer salts are a hot topic within the condensed matter community. In a recent Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter paper, Martin Dressel et al. investigated tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene (TMTTF) Fabre salts using vibrational spectroscopy. Read on to find out more in the authors' words:
The charge-ordered ground state of one-dimensional TMTTF-salts is mainly driven by electronic correlations that can be tuned effectively by applying hydrostatic pressure. Infrared spectroscopy of molecular vibrations is a powerful tool for quantitatively investigating the local charge per molecule. In our recent paper we investigate the temperature and pressure dependence of (TMTTF)2SbF6, (TMTTF)2AsF6 and (TMTTF)2PF6 for a wide range.
We find that charge order and the Spin Peierls ground state coexist with a maximum TSP right where charge order is suppressed, indicating the competition of the two phases. Following the variation of the methylene group and the anion vibrations with pressure and temperature, we elucidate the coupling of the counterions to the molecular stack, the involvement of the anions in the charge order, and spin-Peierls transition. Presumably, the stability of these states depends on the amount of translational freedom the anions experience within the cavity.
We will continue our investigations with measurements of Fabre salts with non-centrosymmetric anions, in order to explore the influence of anion order.
The 1. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Germany, headed by Professor Martin Dressel, focuses on the electronic and magnetic properties of low-dimensional electron systems. The group is renowned for its investigations on the electrodynamics of electronically correlated matter, in particular organic conductors and superconductors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License


text:
Arab Monetary Fund is a regional Arab financial institution based in Abu Dhabi, with the mission to lay the monetary foundation of Arab economic integration and to accelerate the process of economic development of its member countries. In this context, the AMF supports banking and financial sector development in the Arab States and provide assistance towards its integrity and efficiency. Moreover, the AMF carries out and acts as a technical secretariat for the Council of Arab Ministers of Finance, the Council of Arab Central Banks and Monetary Authorities' Governors as well as for its sub-committees and task forces.
The AMF is seeking to hire "Financial Sector SpecialistFintech"
Duties & Responsibilities:
- Contribute to the implementation of the AMF's strategy in relation to financial sector development programs and initiatives, including promoting Fintech ecosystem and enhancing digital financial services in Arab countries.
- Support the implementation and follow-up activities of the initiatives in the Arab countries focusing on enhancing Fintech digital financial services and digital economy.
- Contribute to formulate technical assistance programs to the Arab countries in developing their financial and banking sector with focus on Fintech and digital financial infrastructure.
- Contribute to the implementation of various programs and activities related to fostering Fintech ecosystem in Arab countries, jointly conducted with IFIs.
- Contribute to delivering training and workshops to the Arab regulatory & supervisory authorities.
- Participation in the work of various committees and task forces, in which AMF acts as a technical Secretariat, such as the Arab Regional Fintech WG, the Financial Inclusion Task Force, as well as Financial Stability Task Force.
- Contribute to various activities in the financial sector with focus on Fintech and digital financial services.
- Conduct researches and working papers, studies and events carried out by the AMF within the framework of its financial sector development mandate.
- Supervisory skills in providing training courses for member countries in the area of Fintech.
Selection criteria, Academic qualifications and experience required:
- Arab Country's citizen.
- A doctorate degree from a recognized university in the fields of economics or finance.
- Relevant experience in similar fields of work of 5 years in related regulatory & supervisory authorities such as central banks, relevant financial institutions, or regional and international financial institutions.
- Comprehensive knowledge of international principles / guidelines and papers issued by the relevant standard setters such as BIS, IMF, WG, FSB, Basel Committee, FSI, IFSB.
- Deep knowledge of concepts related to Fintech such as digital transformation, digital ID and eKYC & CDD, digital payments systems, digital financial services, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), Artificial Intelligence, and cyber resilience.
- Deep knowledge of Fintech standards and related financial legislations around the world.
- Deep knowledge of risks related to Fintech activities, and hoe to mitigate those risks.
- Comprehensive knowledge of financial, banking, and digital financial infrastructure legislations in Arab countries.
- Have recently published refereed researches / articles in reputed scientific journals.
- Fluent in Arabic, English, and French is plus.
The fund offers competitive terms of service in accordance with the applicable employment policy, which includes tax free salary, housing allowance, furniture allowance, air tickets, education allowance, and life & medical insurance
Only short-listed candidates will be contacted.