text:
When cultivating a garden or taking photographs of plants, most people carefully tend to the top parts – the leaves and flowers – while letting nature handle the bottom – the roots and soil. Artist Diana Scherer, in her Nurture Studies, turns that focus on its head. She takes seeds from her garden and grows plants in vases, carefully nurturing them for months, before breaking the vases and photographing the results.
It's not a surprise that the roots of flowers and weeds are beautiful in themselves. What startles is the focus on what's usually unseen. Scherer, a German born artist living in the Netherlands, explains: "Above ground, I let nature run its course. However, below the surface, by using a vase as a mold, I control the growth of the roots and the shape."
Her photographs are simple, elegant and formal – the soil-coated roots of a dandelion are presented as if they were the blooms of an orchid. Says Scherer:
"I'm interested in the age-old human practice of manipulating nature. There is a certain ambiguity that I find intriguing; the idea of loving care and, at the same time, ruthless manipulation. For example, the gardener who loves nature and nurtures the plants he desires also ruthlessly cuts, snips and manipulates them."
–from "Review of Nurture Studies" in Hotshoe Magazine by Miranda Gavin
Scherer says that, once she is done photographing a plant, she replants it in her garden and once again allows nature to take over. The roots, having had their moment in the sun, so to speak, can return to their sometimes overlooked but crucial role beneath the surface.
You can see more of Diana Scherer's work here. A book of Nurture Studies is available here.


text:
I. Introductory provisions
Article 22 - Altar
The region immediately around an Altar is known as the Sanctuary. By definition a structure is not a Temple nor a Basilica, nor an Oratory, unless it possesses one or more Altars.
The historic purpose of an Altar throughout the history of Religions and Cults is the use of a sacred structure, usually located at a place of special significance, at which to make some offering which is considered pleasing to the particular deities of the Religion or Cult in exchange for favor, divine grace, divine inspiration or some other sign.
By its historical use and significance, an Altar is equivalent to believing a particular structure and location may act as a portal of communication between the temporal world and the spiritual world. Hence, ancient sites of temples and altars have remained significant sites of churches, synagogues and mosques to the present day.
As the primary purpose of a significant Altar is to offer up some kind of sacrifice or offering to one or more deities, the direction and location of initiates is usually to a wall of a temple and obscuring direct view from any onlookers. Hence in churches of certain Christian Cults, the main Altar is to the side or behind the main public altar. The main public altar in public view is always by definition the minor Altar.
The most significant form of sacrifice performed on minor public altars by ministers of Cults that secretly or openly worship death and demons is the simulation of blood sacrifice, cannibalism and murder performed through the Eucharist ceremony of Osiris and ancient Egyptian Black Magic, in open defiance and curse of supreme deities and aligned spiritual knowledge.
The murder of any living animal or Homo Sapien upon any kind of Altar is an abomination and a deliberate insult against the divine creator, all spirits, all angels, demons and souls living and deceased. Any person who performs such a ceremony immediately evokes and consents to the sacred act of Binding upon their self in accordance with Pactum De Singularis Caelum.
The presence of human or animal bones, or dried flesh or blood within or upon an altar is an abomination and a deliberate insult against the divine creator, all spirits, all angels, demons and souls living and deceased. Any person who performs such a ceremony immediately evokes and consents to the sacred act of Binding upon their self in accordance with Pactum De Singularis Caelum.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
I want to prove or disprove (A-B)'=B'-A'.
So, let x be an element of (A-B)'
Then x is not an element of A-B
This is where I get confused...
Do I say x is an element of A', x is an element of -B'?
these are not proofs that the claim is false, however, to disprove something, you must give a counter example
To have that (A-B)' IS equal to B'-A' THIS must hold for all A AND B.
However if this equality does not hold then there must be an A or B or both such that :
(A-B)' IS not equal to B'-A' AND Plato already gave you an example.
Perhaps an example not using Nos is the following:
Let B= Φ ( the empty set), and if substitute Φ ΙΝ (Α-Β)' we have:
( A-Φ)'= (A)'= A' BECAUSE A-Φ=Α.Αnd substituting Φ in B'-A' we have:
Φ'-A' = U- A' =A BECAUSE Φ'=U WHERE U is the set of which A, B are subsets.
Hence we have A'= A NOT true.
But we can give a proof in propositional calculus without using a counter example by the following procedure:
Let xε( A-B)' <===> ~xεΑ v xεB as it was shown
Let xε(B'-A') <===> ~xεB & ~xεA' <====> ~xεB & xεA.
Now put xεA=p and xεB=q. So if we want (A-B)' = B'-A' W must have,by the axiom of extensionality :
xε(A-B)' <====> xε(B'-A') or ~xεΑ v xεB <=====>~xεB & xεA or
~p v q <=====> p & ~q which means that ~p vq logicaly implies p & ~q and p & ~q logicaly implies ~p v q,which means that ;
The conditional ~p v q ------> p & ~q must be a tautology and,
The conditional p & ~q ------->~p v q must also be a tautology.
Now by forming the true tables of the above we see that none of the above is a tautology.
Now by a theorem in propositional logic that states:
A formula is a theorem ( hence provable ) of the propositional logic if and only if it is a tautology.
And the fact that the above two conditionals are not tautologies we conclude:
~p v q <=====> p & ~q is not provable,hence xε(A-B)' <====> xε(B'-A') is not provable and,
(A-B)' Is not equal to B'-A'
Note ~xεΑ x does not belong to A, AND ~p means not p
For a mathematical statement it is totally meaningless.
I think that is a perfect example why "Symbolic Logic" is dieing as a separate subject.
The American Symbolic Logic Society meets at the joint meeting of the American Mathematical Society and The Mathematical Association of America. Over the last thirty years I have tried to attend sessions of the Logical Association, but lately the average session has no more that five in attendance


text: Searching for enlightenment, cultures from the ancient Minoans to Native Americans placed this potent symbol in their holy places. Later Christians installed labyrinths on cathedral floors. As medieval pilgrims traced the maze, they meditated on their path, as seekers still do today. This Minoan Labyrinth, the oldest labyrinth design known in our world, comes from the Mediterranean island of Crete. Its function was to hold the Minotaur, a mythical creature that was half man and half bull and was eventually killed by the Athenian hero Theseus.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Common methods to acquire this information include port and/or vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system.(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)
Within cloud environments, adversaries may attempt to discover services running on other cloud hosts. Additionally, if the cloud environment is connected to a on-premises environment, adversaries may be able to identify services running on non-cloud systems as well.
Within macOS environments, adversaries may use the native Bonjour application to discover services running on other macOS hosts within a network. The Bonjour mDNSResponder daemon automatically registers and advertises a host's registered services on the network. For example, adversaries can use a mDNS query (such as
dns-sd -B _ssh._tcp.) to find other systems broadcasting the ssh service.(Citation: apple doco bonjour description)(Citation: macOS APT Activity Bradley)


You can, just need to use a bmp, or png >:D
/help /background
/background [-aemsgdluhcfnrtpx] [window] [filename]
Changes the background picture setting for a window. This can also be changed via a windows System Menu.
-a = active window
-m = main mIRC window
-s = status window
-g = finger window
-d = single message window
-e = set as default
-l = toolbar
-u = toolbar buttons
-h = switchbar
You can right-click in the toolbar/switchbar to pop up a menu for changing these settings. Toolbar buttons can use RGB Color 255,0,255 for transparency, the BMP must be of the same form as that in mIRC resources. It should be a 16 or 256 color BMP.


text:
The readers find out the origin of Squinty's name. Squinty and his brothers and sisters grow up. Squinty wants to see the world and have some adventures, so he escapes. However, he's caught by the dog.
Source: Barnum, R. (1915). Squinty, the comical pig. New York: Barse and Hopkins.
- Chapter 1: "Squinty and the Dog"
- The readers find out the origin of Squinty's name. Squinty and his brothers and sisters grow up. Squinty wants to see the world and have some adventures, so he escapes. However, he's caught by the dog.
- Chapter 2: "Squinty Runs Away"
- Don, the dog, brings him back to the pen. The pigs continue to live their lives and play. Squinty continues to daydream about the outside world and escapes once again.
- Chapter 3: "Squinty is Lost"
- Squinty manages to escape the farm and the dog. He steals some potatoes, takes a bath, and winds up lost.
- Chapter 4: "Squinty Gets Home"
- Squinty continues to wander lost in a corn field. Squinty's family notices that he's gone, as does the farmer. He sends the dog after Squinty. Squinty returns home.
- Chapter 5: "Squinty and the Boy"
- Squinty's brothers and sisters were glad to see him and he told them of his adventures in getting lost. A boy begs his father to buy Squinty from the farm. The farmer agrees and Squinty is sold to the boy.
- Chapter 6: "Squinty on a Journey"
- The boy and his father return and take Squinty away. Squinty made up his mind that he was looking forward to his long journey.
- Chapter 7: "Squinty Learns a Trick"
- Squinty was taken on a train and finally to a white house where he was given food and water. The Pig family wonders what is happening to Squinty. Squinty learns to jump rope.
- Chapter 8: "Squinty in the Woods"
- Bob, the boy, shows his sisters the tricks he has taught Squinty. Squinty escapes from his pen and wanders into the woods.
- Chapter 9: "Squinty's Balloon Ride"
- Squinty gets lost in the woods and stays the night. He meets a guy in a hot air balloon basket. Squinty takes a ride in a balloon.
- Chapter 10: "Squinty and the Squirrel"
- Squinty takes a ride in an air balloon with the men. They feed him and then he falls asleep. When the balloon lands, Squinty falls out of the basket and tries to run home. On the way he meets a squirrel named Slicko.
- Chapter 11: "Squinty and the Merry Monkey"
- Squinty meets Slicko, the jumping squirrel, and comes to a road full of wagons. He discovers a circus and meets Mappo the monkey, who wants to run away.
- Chapter 12: "Squinty Gets Home Again"
- Squinty and Mappo continued through the woods until Mappo was captured. Squinty continued through the woods until he came to a farm. He recognizes Don's bark and runs to his pen. He is reunited with his family.
Barnum, R. (1915). Squinty, the Comical Pig. (Lit2Go ed.). Retrieved July 01, 2015, from
Barnum, Richard. Squinty, the Comical Pig. Lit2Go Edition. 1915. Web. <>. July 01, 2015.
Richard Barnum, Squinty, the Comical Pig, Li2Go edition, (1915), accessed July 01, 2015,.


it does not effect the use of Paraffin oil due tits warm climate condition. Pour Point of transformer oil mainly depends upon wax content in the oil. As Paraffin based oil has more wax content, it has higher pour point.
Viscosity of Transformer Oil
In few wards, viscosity of transformer oil can be said that viscosity is the resistance of flow, at normal condition. Obviously resistance to flow of transformer oil means obstruction of convection circulation of oil inside the transformer. A good oil should have low viscosity so that it offers less resistance to the convectional flow of oil thereby not affecting the cooling of transformer. Low viscosity of transformer oil is essential, but it is equally important that, the viscosity of oil should increase as less as possible with decrease in temperature. Every liquid becomes more viscous if temperature decreases.


text:
(AP) - As the 11th anniversary of the 9/11 approaches - The federal government is expected to formally acknowledge that Ground Zero first responders could have gotten cancer as a result of their exposure to toxic dust following the terror attacks.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which determines which cancers are covered under a fund established to care for first responders to the attacks, is expected to make an announcement. Fifty types of cancers are expected be added to a list of illnesses covered by the Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act.
Initially, the Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act — the fund established in 2010 and named for police Det. James Zadroga, who died at age 34 after working at Ground Zero — included only a short list of illnesses that qualified for compensation.
Cancer was excluded because of a lack of scientific evidence linking any form of the disease to conditions in the debris pile, even though many of the 50,000 9/11 first responders believe they got cancer - because of their exposure to dust and other substances at Ground Zero.


Let's Make Robots!
Processing Help -Draw line at given angle
If someone could point me in the right direction here -ormaybe a link to some code examples.
I would like to draw a line from a fixed point, a given length and at a given angle. I have found some examples that show a line that will follow your mouse and will rotate around a fixed point, but not one including length.
Here is what I am looking at doing:
I want to draw a map (just a line showing a path) on my screen as walter travels around. Each time walter changes direction, a little data packet is sent describing his last move. I.e.
fwd (16) counts (send that to processing and a line is drawn from starting point and is (16) units long)
rotated (4) counts or 1/4 turn (send to processing and the angle of the next line is determined)
fwd (27) counts (a line, 27 units long is drawn at the angle determined above)
Each new line segment will start from the end of the last one drawn.
Comment viewing options
No problem. Glad I could help. I took a deeper look how that serial lib works in Processing and found out it supports events. So instead of checking if there's something available in serial port every now and then (or every draw() call like in my previous post) you can use serialEvent method call to catch an event when there's something available. Could be useful in your app if you don't already use it (check also bufferUntil). Here's something I put together (sorry again for a long post):
import processing.serial.*;
PGraphics buffer;
PImage img;
Serial PicPort;
String myString = null;
int cr = 13; // strings are terminated by ascii 13: carriage return aka newline
float oldangle = 0;
float x0 = 0;
float y0 = 0;
float x1 = 0;
float y1 = 0;
float angle = 0;
float travel = 0;
void setup() {
 // parent comport baud parity databits stopbit
 PicPort = new Serial(this, Serial.list()[0], 4800, 'N', 8, 1.0);
 PicPort.bufferUntil(cr); // Buffer until CR is found (before calling serialEvent)
 // Create an off-screen buffer and initial image.
 buffer = createGraphics(600, 400, JAVA2D);
 buffer.translate(width / 2, height / 2);
 buffer.ellipse(0,0, 10,10);
 img = buffer.get(0, 0, buffer.width, buffer.height);
void draw() {
 translate(width / 2, height / 2);
 image(img, -width/2, -height/2);
// This gets called whenever there's data available
void serialEvent(Serial p) {
 myString = p.readStringUntil(cr);
 if (myString!= null) {
 // println(myString);
 // examples of myString: "r:259", "t:18", "t:0"
 String telemetry [] = split(myString, ":");
 if (telemetry.length == 2) {
 String qualifier = telemetry[0];
 float value = float(telemetry[1]); // WHY won't this convert to int?!?!
 int valint = int(value);
 // println (qualifier +"="+ valint);
 if (qualifier.equals("r")) {
 // rotation
 angle = oldangle + value / 360 * TWO_PI; // input ranges 0-359, result is in radians
 // println ("rotated: " + value + " degrees" +" "+ angle +" radians");
 if (qualifier.equals("t")) {
 // travel
 travel = value / 50 * width *.01; // input ranges 0-50, result is in 1% increments of screen width
 // println ("traveled: " + value + " mickeys" +" "+ travel +" pixels");
 // background(192);
 x1 = x0 + travel * cos(angle);
 y1 = y0 + travel * sin(angle);
 buffer.translate(width / 2, height / 2);
 buffer.line(x0,y0, x1, y1);
 oldangle = angle;
 x0 = x1;
 y0 = y1;
I noticed that sometimes the sketch freezes like there's nothing coming out from serial port even when there is. I'm not sure if it's a problem with sketch itself or the underlying library. Serial library seems to use RXTX and I remember having some problems with it a few years back (although it could have been my mistake then too).
You know rik, I have been playing with the code and to be honest, I just don't want to bother converting to a 256 circle. It is simply worth using a word to get the 359 that I need. In reality, most of the time I would not need anything past 270. I tried sending a - along with my travel distance (r:0) and sure enough, it back-tracked along it's own line. Perfect.
You know, I thought I was done with hardware on Walter and here I am adding 2 more encoders and one more picaxe. Not to mention I just added a RFID reader and the new voice box.
That is why the Good Lord made min and max, my friend.
As we all know, picaxe does not like negitive numbers. I would say that I will have to find a mid-point between a given min and max and have processing translate that mid-point to 0 and thus go positive and negitive from there. To be honest, it was very late last night when I was playing with your code so I didn't have a lot of time to figure out numbers. I have a lot of chores to do today, but if I get them done and get to play with my computer, I have some test plans in the works:
I was figuring on two pots with a debug to sertxd or LCD for turns and distance. A push button would send the data after it is dialed in by the pot. This way I can see exactly what I am sending and what I am getting. I'll probably write all that down on a piece of paper using a pencil. From there, I just need to find my notes on my encoder count math and do the conversion. Should be pretty simple. Not to mention, one of my chores today is to get this house cleaned up --which is needed for walter to go "free range"... There are a couple "sonar holes" that need a piece of cardboard in front of them and a big sonar-soaking couch which appears as infinity and is thus a walter-magnet. I should have some solid working results soon.
Word to ya motha'
The picaxe does not NEED to understand negatives, as long as it is transmitting the "-" character when appropriate. But then of course, who needs it: 30 degrees CCW = 330 degrees CW anyways.
The real fun starts with using a circle made of degrees 0-255, so that it will always fit inside a byte. You might want to make up a silly, distinctive name for that unit. Wikipedia probably already has it on file. Without the funny.
Another advantage of the single byte approach to headings/bearings: the roll-over at the bottom and top of the range:
255 + 1 = 256 = 0
2 - 3 = -1 = 255
is called a "brad" (binary rad).


text:
Prevention Tactics Vol. 9, Iss. 4
Topic: Cultural Competence and Responsiveness
Many youth who experience the foster care system struggle with substance use and abuse. By understanding these complex needs and underscoring the context prevention in which services are provided, substance abuse prevention providers can adapt their service models to effectively address the needs of foster youth. This Prevention Tactic addresses how to tailor prevention-focused, substance abuse strategies to foster youth.


Tag: ar technology
Police augmented reality program under development
A new strategy could have law enforcement personnel in the Netherlands wearing high tech devices.
Law enforcement in the Netherlands are looking to a new high tech police augmented reality system to help them to fight crime. The Dutch national police has been collaborating with several other organizations in this effort. It may mean that they one day use the Microsoft Hololens during a regular day.
The Dutch police have identified a string of different ways in which augmented reality could help them.
The police augmented reality project is the result of a collaboration among the national police force, the national fire brigade, the Dutch Forensic Institute, Delft University of Technology, and Twnkls, an AR development firm.
Police Augmented Reality - Police CarChief Inspector Rob Kouwenhoven spoke in an interview with a Dutch newspaper explaining that there are many scenarios in which augmented reality technology could be very helpful.
The police augmented reality technology is still in somewhat of a prototype phase as it is tested.
At the moment, the AR tech being tested out involves the use of a smartphone camera attached to the shoulder of the user. It also requires another device to be strapped to the wrist. That gadget can be used for taking notes about a crime scene or for marking evidence.
The national police force is currently looking into whether or not it will be possible to test the Hololens augmented reality device. That Microsoft gadget may be able to provide an overlay of relevant information to wearers conducting a forensic investigation. This has the potential to simplify the investigation process and bring a crime's various puzzle pieces together.
Kouwenhover pointed out that this AR tech could also be helpful within the courtroom. It could be used to reconstruct the scene of a crime in a much clearer and more visual way. At the moment, this effort requires a physical reenactment of the event in combination with a great deal of paperwork.
By using police augmented reality, a judge would be able to more clearly and realistically see what happened during the event. It could include the display of pieces of evidence and illustrated with digital animations and annotations overlaid on top of the crime scene imagery. Should things go as planned, the tech could be launched for police use in 5 years.
Magic Leap augmented reality demo draws praise and skepticism
The long awaited product demonstration has been accused of consisting of smoke and mirrors.
For a very long time, the industry has been waiting for the first Magic Leap augmented reality demonstration. There has been a great deal of secrecy surrounding the development of this brand's technology. This has allowed the hype to build substantially over the many months.
The augmented reality demonstration has gone viral over YouTube, promising an astounding experience.
What was known about the tech under development was that Magic Leap augmented reality was going to be different from anything else out there. The company has been promising to change the way we think of AR. With such dazzling promises, it was clear that anything produced would not be on market shelves at any time soon.
This concept was only reinforced when beta testers were given access to early versions of the tech concept and were required to use a considerable amount of hardware just to make it work.
Now that Magic Leap augmented reality demonstrations have been made, the brand is facing stiff criticism.
Nobody assumed that the Magic Leap marketing would be precisely what consumers would be seeing when the hardware was produced. However, the company is now being criticized for going far overboard in their simulations. The public was promised an unbelievable experience and that's exactly what the demo is suggesting might be the case – it's not to be believed.
The video made to simulate what Magic Leap would have to offer included the work of a special effects firm. This set expectations very high and may make it very difficult for the brand to be able to deliver. The March 2015 viral video took in 3.5 million views. However, reports quoting former employees of the company revealed that the game illustrated in the video didn't actually exist.
The demonstration of the current Magic Leap augmented reality experience is less than mesmerizing. As much as it is still advanced, impressive tech, it continues to rely on a large and clunky helmet that uses a number of cables to wire it to a powerful computer. The goal is to one day compress that tech to hardware that is more "spectacle-like".


you need the HPD and TFM files for the printer. You can copy an HPD file from an existing one, after you ensure it is suitable for your printer. The fonts specified in the HPD file must be available on the printer.
Oracle Reports includes a common set of TFM files. If you need other font metrics files for your printer, you should obtain them from your font or printer vendor. To install the TFM file, just copy it to the TFM file location, which is listed in Section 10.2.2, "Verifying the Printer Setup for Oracle Reports".
10.4.5 uifont.ali
The uifont.ali file defines the font aliases used by Oracle Reports. It is an extremely useful tool for cross-platform development because it enables you to define which fonts to substitute when a particular font is unavailable. uifont.ali is located in:
To alias a font, use the following syntax:
source_font = destination_font
For each font, you may also specify the following attributes:
Styles may also be combined using a plus sign + to delimit the styles. For example:
Arial.Italic+Overstrike = Helvetica.12.Italic.Bold
This entry maps any Arial font that has both Italic and Overstrike styles to a 12-point, bold, and italic Helvetica font. Font faces can be case sensitive depending on the platform and the surface; that is, printer or system.
See Also:
Chapter 9, "Managing Fonts in Oracle Reports" for more font-related information.
10.4.6 uiprint.txt
uiprint.txt provides a convenient way for you to provide details about the printer queue, such as the type of printer driver and the printer description. You should edit uiprint.txt for each instance of Oracle Reports.
See Also:
Section 10.3.1, "Editing uiprint.txt File" for more information about uiprint.txt.
10.4.7 Editing the Printer-Related Files
This section describes how to edit the various print-related files: Editing PPD files
In some cases, you may need to change certain attributes in your PPD file. The sections that follow describe some of the attributes that you would commonly want to change: Changing the default paper size
Suppose that you need the page size to be A4 for some of your reports. On UNIX platforms, the printer driver is specified in uiprint.txt and the default page size is not necessarily set to A4. For example, hpljet41.ppd has LETTER as the default page size. Note that the default page size setting for each printer queue is taken from the corresponding PPD file.
To set A4 as the default page size, you would do the following:
 1. Edit uiprint.txt to include a PostScript Printer Description file (extension is.ppd) that supports the A4 page size. For example, you might include hpljet41.ppd.
 2. As a backup, make a copy of hpljet41.ppd.
 3. Add an entry to uiprint.txt:
 Printer_name: PostScript:1: the printer on floor1:hpljet41.ppd
 4. Edit hpljet41.ppd and change these settings as follows:
 DefaultPageSize: A4
 DefaultPageRegion: A4
 DefaultImageableArea: A4
 DefaultPaperDimension: A4 Changing the printer margin settings
To change the margins, you must modify the ImageableArea section in the PPD file. ImageableArea provides the bounding box of the area in which the printer may print for the page size named mediaOption. There will be one statement for each named page size supported by the device. *DefaultImageableArea provides the mediaOption name of the default imageable area. Since there can be only one default page size, this value should be the same as the value of *DefaultPageSize, *DefaultPageRegion, and *DefaultPaperDimension.
The syntax for defining imageable area is as follows:
*ImageableArea mediaOption: "llx lly urx ury "
*DefaultImageableArea: mediaOption | Unknown
ll stands for lower left corner and ur for upper right corner. The bounding box value of *ImageableArea is given as four real numbers, representing the x and y coordinates of the lower left and upper right corners of the region, respectively, in the PostScript language default user space coordinate system. The x and y axes of a given page size correspond to the x and y axes of that page size in the *PaperDimension entry.
The imageable area is defined as the part of the page where the printer may actually make marks. On some printers, the imageable area of a given page size varies as a result of the current resolution, amount of memory, the direction of paper feed, and other factors. In PPD files where the imageable area of a given page size can vary, the imageable area recorded for that page size will be the intersection of all possible imageable areas for that page size. This formula ensures that the available imageable area is never smaller than that shown in the PPD file and all marks made within the imageable area will be visible. It does, however, also mean that the imageable area in the current configuration might actually be larger than the imageable area shown in the PPD file.
The following table contains the option keywords currently registered for mediaOption, which designates a given page size on a device:
Table 10-4 mediaOption Keywords
mediaOption (Paper Size) Size (pts) Size (mm) Size (inches)
612 * 792
215.9 * 279.4
8.5 * 11
612 * 1008
215.9 * 355.6
8.5 * 14
1224 * 792
431.8 * 279.4
17 * 11
792 * 1224
279.4 * 431.8
11 * 17
842 * 1191
297 * 420
11.69 * 16.54
595 * 842
210 * 297
8.27 * 11.69
420 * 595
148 * 210
5.83 * 8.27
729 * 1032
257 * 364
10.12 * 14.33
516 * 729
182 * 257
7.17 * 10.12
To change the margins of an A4 page in the default.ppd, you would perform the following steps:
 1. Modify the default page from Letter to A4 in the following sections:
 *% Page definitions
 *DefaultPageSize: A4
 *PageSize A4: " "
 *% These entries set up the frame buffer. Usually used with manual feed.
 *DefaultPageRegion: A4
 *PageRegion A4: "A4"
 *% These provide the physical dimensions of the paper (by keyword)
 *DefaultPaperDimension: A4
 *PaperDimension A4: "595 842"
 2. Add the margin definition in the following sections:
 *% Imageable (writable) areas for each page size, in pixels
 *DefaultImageableArea: A4
 *ImageableArea A4: "2 2 593 840 "
 All PPD entries are case sensitive. Adding a new font entry to PPD files
On PostScript printers, Oracle Reports only enables you to use fonts known to be available on the printer. Since printers are rarely available for personal requests on multiprocess operating systems, Oracle Reports gets a complete list of fonts from the PPD file.
When a new font is installed on the printer, a corresponding font entry needs to be added to the printer's PPD file. The format for a font entry is:
*Font {fontname}: {encoding} "({version})" {charset}
{fontname} is the Adobe font face name as specified in PostScript.
{encoding} is the PostScript encoding name.
{version} is the FontInfo version number.
{charset} is the Adobe character set.
The encoding value has slightly different meanings depending on the font type. If the encoding cannot be determined, the value of encoding may be set to unknown. Fonts are usually re-encoded by applications to provide other encodings; the charset value for each font indicates which encodings are possible for that font. For more information, please refer to the PPD specification from Adobe.
When new fonts are added to the printer, the matching AFM files must also be added to the font metrics directory. Oracle Reports requires the AFM files to get the actual font attributes and properly place text on the printed page.
Suppose you add a new font, CodedreineunBold, and want to edit the PPD file to include the new font.
 1. In the PPD file, search for:
 *% Font Information
 2. For the new font, append the following at the end of the paragraph:
 *Font CodedreineunBold: Standard "(00.1001)" Standard ROM Overriding the printer tray setting
The PostScript output generated by Oracle Reports has the tray information embedded into it. The PPD file defines the default tray to be used and is followed by the definitions of valid trays for the printer. To print to a different tray, the DefaultInputSlot entry in the PPD file must be updated.
In the PPD file, you should find a section that lists the default tray and the valid input slots. The section typically starts


When I speak at various events, one of my favorite show and tell items is a magneto with an impulse coupling attached. It's a great visual aid which allows for a very useful demonstration of an ignition system during engine start. More importantly, it demonstrates why a propeller should never be turned by hand in its operating direction if one wants to avoid serious bodily injury.
I recently saw a Youtube video from a security camera at an airport showing a guy that hand propped his Cirrus. If you haven't seen it yet – spoiler alert – yes, the engine started and ran away with the guy frantically trying to get into the cabin to avoid the oncoming catastrophe. The plane traveled a good distance before impacting a nearby hangar and doing very major damage to the airplane in the process. The impact did stop the engine, though, and no one was seriously injured, with the exception of the ego and wallet of the aircraft owner. Of course, none of this would have been possible if it weren't for that really ingenious bit of engineering inside the magneto called the impulse coupling.
There is a false conception among pilots that an engine starts better if the starter turns faster. When equipped with an impulse coupling, there is no need for much rotation speed at all. The impulse coupling retards the spark until after the piston passes top dead center, then spins the magneto fast enough to generate a good spark at the plugs. If the fuel and air inside the cylinder are correct, just casually pulling the prop around is sufficient to ignite the fuel and spin the prop.
Pedal geometry – "The position where the best push should occur in the combustion event"
A typical cruise engine speed is about 2400 RPM (Revolutions Per Minute). At that speed it takes 0.025 seconds (25 milliseconds) to make one revolution. In that 360 degrees of revolution, the best time for the combustion peak pressure to occur is around 20 degrees past when the piston is at top center on compression stroke.
The combustion event takes about 0.006 seconds (6 milliseconds) beginning with the spark plug fire. That's about ¼ of one revolution at 2400 RPM, which means the spark needs to occur sometime before the piston reaches top center. A common magneto timing is 22 degrees before top center putting the maximum combustion pressure near that 20 degrees past top center location, just where it needs to be.
Magneto timing doesn't change during aircraft engine operation as is done on our car gasoline engines. If the engine data plate timing calls for 22 degrees, then that's what the mechanic sets and that's where it stays during all modes of engine operation. This means that our aircraft engines only have ideal timing at one engine RPM. This optimal RPM is the maximum red line RPM as shown in the aircraft's operating handbook. Operation at typical cruise RPM isn't optimal but works well enough.
This fixed timing becomes a problem at idle speeds and especially during the start event. The electric starter might only be turning the engine at 200 RPM, a whopping 0.3 seconds (300 milliseconds) per revolution. At that slow speed the entire combustion event will happen before the piston gets anywhere near top center. If this were allowed to happen, the engine would turn backwards. Certainly not conducive to successful engine starting.
What we need is something that can delay the spark till after the piston passes top center but only during the starting process. Enter the impulse coupling. A very ingenious device that halts the magneto's rotation for about 25 to 30 degrees of crankshaft rotation (depending on the application) but disengages as the engine speed reaches about 375+ RPM. The impulse coupling is beautiful in its simplicity of design. Of course that means only some engineering genius could create such a simple device to satisfy such complicated needs. As best I can tell, the original patent for the impulse coupling was filed April 21, 1942 for W. Ochsenbein. No computers around to analyze the data or to produce 3D images for testing. Just brain power and great imaginations. I'm very impressed.
The impulse coupling mounts between the magneto and the engine, allowing it to control when the magneto rotates. The coupling has a couple of spring loaded flyweights that catch on a post built into the case of the magneto. At very low speeds the flyweights catch on the post and halt the magneto's rotation for that 25 to 30 degrees (lag angle) we mentioned earlier. At the same time it winds up the coupling's internal spring. When the rotation gets to the end of the lag angle, a flange on the coupling knocks the flyweights off the posts, and the spring suddenly releases its energy and spins the magneto. Magnetos at their core are just a generator and need good engine speed to generate a usable spark. The heavy duty spring creates this sudden high rotation speed in the magneto.
Coupling – " The insides of the coupling showing the two pawls"
Mag with coupling – "A Slick magneto with impulse coupling attached. It's the cylindrical shaped object with the two tabs"
This is all great for intentional engine starting. The problem is that the impulse coupling engages any time the engine turns at an appropriately slow speed, even if the intent is not to start the engine. Anything that rotates the engine in its running direction will engage the impulse coupling. The only thing that inhibits a spark is the P lead which electrically grounds the magneto through the ignition switch. This grounding is just like on those old lawn mowers that you would shut off by using your foot to push a metal tab to the top of the spark plug.
The very real danger is that the P lead might be broken, have a loose connection, or any number of other faulty situations that remove the operation inhibiting ground from the magneto. Just pulling the propeller a small amount to give clearance for the tow bar is enough to trigger the impulse coupling. You've probably heard that "snap" sound from your engine at some point when you turned a prop. The motivation for this article is to help you understand why you should never do anything to hear that snap again.
As a seventeen year old working in Dad's shop, I was assigned to measure the run out of an engine's crankshaft flange. The engine was from a plane we had recovered for an insurance company about a month before. The engine was sitting on the shop floor with the top spark plugs removed so I could more easily rotate the crankshaft. Since the engine wasn't on the aircraft, the magneto P leads were obviously not attached. Absent the grounds from the P leads the mags were "hot". As I rotated the engine I heard the snap of the impulse coupling. At that same time I saw and felt the long jet of flame shoot out of the #1 cylinder empty spark plug boss and burn a hole in my shirt. Even at that young age, I figured out the effectiveness and dangers of the impulse coupling.
If spark plugs are installed, the magneto is not grounded, and the impulse coupling snaps, there will be a sudden and violent rotation of the prop. It may fire just the one cylinder but possibly two or three. This very dangerous event happens several times per year, and the injuries can be significant. Consider possible damage to the plane, hangar, other property, or personal injury. A good day is just a broken wrist. A not so good day results in nine staples in the back of one's head and a terrible headache. We don't need to imagine what a bad day looks like.
You've probably heard that turning the engine backwards might damage the pneumatic pump. This is an incredibly remote possibility. If it does, then you should be thankful that it failed on the ground. If it was in such bad shape that it would fail from turning backwards by hand, it was almost certain to fail during the next flight. I have a show and tell vacuum pump that I've been spinning backwards for years and it hasn't failed yet. Turning the engine backwards by hand will not harm the engine or engage the impulse coupling. Most importantly, it won't do any harm to you.
Flight safety isn't just about what is done while flying. It includes flight planning, weather, preflight, maintenance, fueling, ground handling and everything about the event. An airplane is a complicated machine with a big spinning blade on the front that demands respect. My lesson learned, and now presented to you, is to avoid turning the prop. But if you must, please only turn it backwards.
Copyright © Paul New 2018. All rights reserved.


text:
What is the difference between a DC motor
and an AC motor?
1. First, DC motors use DC power as the power source, but AC motors use AC power as the power source.
2. In terms of structure, the principle of a DC motor is relatively simple, but the structure is complex, which is not easy to maintain; while the principle of an AC motor is complex, but the structure is relatively simple, and it is easier to maintain than a DC motor.
3. The DC motor introduces current into the rotor armature through brushes and commutators, so that the rotor is forced to rotate in the stator magnetic field. The AC motor (using a common AC asynchronous motor as an example) passes AC power into the stator windings, which generates a rotating magnetic field in the stator and rotor air gap, and the rotating magnetic field generates an induced current in the rotor windings, which in turn makes the rotor in the stator magnetic field. Forced to rotate.
4. DC motor speed regulation is simple, but the use occasions are limited. AC motor speed regulation is relatively complicated, but it is widely used due to the use of AC power.


text:
Cambridge Researchers Unveil Breakthrough AI 'Chemical Reactome' Accelerating Drug Development
Researchers at the University of Cambridge may have found a way to significantly improve and speed up drug development. They have created an artificial intelligence platform that can predict how different chemicals will interact with each other.
This could be a game-changer. Traditionally, chemists have had to rely on slow trial-and-error experiments and complex simulations to try to figure these things out. As Dr. Alpha Lee, the leader of the Cambridge research team, put it: "Our new approach helps uncover the hidden relationships between chemicals that the old methods were missing."
The system, which they are calling a "chemical reactome," has been trained on a huge dataset of 39,000 relevant chemical reactions, allowing it to spot patterns that humans would likely overlook. The data it produces is faster and more reliable than what chemists have had to work with before.
The platform also includes a machine learning technique that gives chemists more precise control in modifying molecules for drug design. Dr. Emma King-Smith explained that this will allow "better screening" of new compounds by letting chemists fine-tune molecules instead of having to build them from scratch every time.
The AI model can predict exactly where reactions will occur in a molecule and how that changes under different conditions. This helps them find better ways to adjust the core structure of molecules—something that has been very difficult to do. As Dr. King-Smith summarized: this data-driven approach may be the key to overcoming limitations in drug development chemistry.
The researchers have already tested this out on real drug-like molecules with promising results. It seems this automated, AI-enhanced platform could truly transform how new medicines are discovered and designed. The future looks brighter thanks to this innovative work coming out of Cambridge.


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Linux Terminal Server Project
The Open Source movement can help many people and institutions in Latin America by giving them access to technologies and knowledge that are otherwise restricted to developed countries. The lack of economic resources, proper infrastructure and technical education for the vast majority of the population are the main reasons why Latin America is far behind the first world in the use of computer technology, and they have prevented it from reaping the benefits of the information revolution the Internet has created. For example, less than 10% of the population of Colombia (estimated at 40 million) has ever logged on the Internet. This is not an exception, and most countries in the region suffer from similar problems. By using cost-effective, easy-to-implement, open-source technology and free software, these countries can catch up with the industrialized world.
There is an open-source project that could make a huge difference in Latin America: the Linux Terminal Server Project or LTSP (_URL_ The appeal of this project is that it provides an easy way to set up low-cost, diskless workstations that boot from a network server running Linux. Today, many public and private Latin American institutions can hardly afford new computers or expensive software license fees. By using diskless workstations and Linux, they can save large amounts of money and become much more productive. This technology may also be used to teach children and workers the technical skills they require for the future.
In this article I will discuss the LTSP, describe my experiences with it in a small institution in Colombia and examine what is needed to implement and configure it. This article is merely informative, and it's not intended to be an LTSP HOWTO. Precise installation and configuration instructions can be found at the project's web site (_URL_
The goal of LTSP is to create a simplified way of setting up diskless workstations for Linux. By definition, a diskless workstation is a computer that boots after downloading its operating system from a server on the local area network. The LTSP tools accomplish this process by adding small kernel images, XFree86 servers and several other network tools to the server that will pass them to the workstation on request. The diskless workstation only needs a boot ROM for its specific network card in order to obtain the necessary software from the server. Making good use of the open-source software from the Etherboot Project (_URL_ the LTSP has created its own boot ROMs and employs them with its software. Understanding that building (burning) a boot ROM for a network card may be a difficult task, a company close to the project, Diskless Workstations (_URL_ offers preconfigured ones for a small price at their web site. It's worth noticing that LTSP's boot ROMs can also be written to a floppy disk from which the diskless workstation can boot.
I started implementing diskless workstations based on the LTSP tools last year, when a small association of sugar cane industry workers needed a low-cost, easy-to-use computer and information management solution for their headquarters. The company, Productivos Ltda., had a very tight budget, and its office workers were not particularly familiar with computers and software. They had only one computer running Windows 95 with an unlicensed version of MS Office to handle letters, accounting and payroll. Most of the office work was still carried out manually. The new manager of the association wanted to buy five more computers to cope with all the work more efficiently. She also wanted a local area network so people could share files and printers and have access to the Internet. While looking on the Net for a low-cost solution to their problem, I came across the LTSP. The solution was at hand. Productivos Ltda. did not have to buy expensive, state-of-the-art computers or pay for costly software license fees. They were going to have an LTSP network and use StarOffice as their productivity tool.
A test of the LTSP software was conducted before the actual installation, using an old diskless Pentium computer and booting from a floppy disk. After a few tweaks that included the correct setting of the international keymaps under X, I decided this was the perfect solution for Productivos Ltda.
The association bought four new AMD K6 class diskless computers with 32MB RAM each (the lowest configuration available) to act as diskless workstations and a PII 350MHz with 128MB RAM to act as server/workstation. Even though this looks like a normal configuration for many small offices, Productivos' budget would have normally been able to afford fewer computers under other circumstances (i.e., a Windows network). Just in software license fees, Productivos Ltda. saved around $3,000 US. To avoid booting from floppy disks, the workstations needed bootable network cards. Four Linksys 10/100Mb bootable network cards were bought directly from DisklessWorkstations at $34 US each. A matching 8-port Linksys 10/100Mb hub was acquired from Outpost.com (_URL_ The required UTP Level 5 cabling was ready in less than a week. The hub and cabling both cost around $350 US.
Red Hat 6.2 (_URL_ was the distribution of choice for the server because it had been fully tested, and it's easy to configure and maintain. Since all the diskless workstations were going to run X and StarOffice 5.2 (_URL_ remotely, we decided to stay away from memory-intensive GUIs like GNOME or KDE that would reduce the server's performance. We chose to use a window manager with the basic functions only (start bar and menus) and selected IceWM (_URL_ the lightest window manager around. Only a couple of entries from IceWM's main configuration files (menu, winoptions) were added or deleted to fit the configuration we wanted. Ten different user IDs were created on the server, each with its own StarOffice workstation installation. It's worth noting that StarOffice is a memory-intensive application, another reason why we chose a light window manager instead of GNOME or KDE. The installation of printers was quite simple. A replacement for Red Hat's print tool that adds an LTSP printer to the options is part of the project's software. Now the new LTSP network was ready. The entire installation and configuration was completed in just one day.
The test by fire came when the users logged on the network. They were enthusiastic about the fact that they now had computers to help them with their work. Nevertheless, they needed some training before actually using the computers. All the users went through a two-week in-house training course to familiarize themselves with the new tools available. The training included computer basics and the uses of StarOffice. At the end of the course they were all working without problems and using their diskless workstations for their (previously manual) tasks.
The association's LTSP network has been running smoothly for more than a year now, and they are even planning to add some more diskless workstations. Productivos Ltda. became much more efficient and, at the same time, gave its workers the chance to learn and explore new technologies. All of this would have been difficult without the help of the LTSP and the Open Source movement.
|Dynamic DNS—an Object Lesson in Problem Solving||May 21, 2013|
|Using Salt Stack and Vagrant for Drupal Development||May 20, 2013|
|Making Linux and Android Get Along (It's Not as Hard as It Sounds)||May 16, 2013|
|Drupal Is a Framework: Why Everyone Needs to Understand This||May 15, 2013|
|Home, My Backup Data Center||May 13, 2013|
|Non-Linux FOSS: Seashore||May 10, 2013|
- Dynamic DNS—an Object Lesson in Problem Solving
- Making Linux and Android Get Along (It's Not as Hard as It Sounds)
- Using Salt Stack and Vagrant for Drupal Development
- New Products
- Drupal Is a Framework: Why Everyone Needs to Understand This
- Validate an E-Mail Address with PHP, the Right Way
- A Topic for Discussion - Open Source Feature-Richness?
- Download the Free Red Hat White Paper "Using an Open Source Framework to Catch the Bad Guy"
- The Secret Password Is...
- New Products
3 hours 23 min ago
- Keeping track of IP address
5 hours 14 min ago
- Roll your own dynamic dns
10 hours 28 min ago
- Please correct the URL for Salt Stack's web site
13 hours 39 min ago
- Android is Linux -- why no better inter-operation
15 hours 55 min ago
- Connecting Android device to desktop Linux via USB
16 hours 23 min ago
- Find new cell phone and tablet pc
17 hours 21 min ago
18 hours 50 min ago
- Automatically updating Guest Additions
19 hours 59 min ago
- I like your topic on android
20 hours 45 min ago
Enter to Win an Adafruit Pi Cobbler Breakout Kit for Raspberry Pi
It's Raspberry Pi month at Linux Journal. Each week in May, Adafruit will be giving away a Pi-related prize to a lucky, randomly drawn LJ reader. Winners will be announced weekly.
Fill out the fields below to enter to win this week's prize-- a Pi Cobbler Breakout Kit for Raspberry Pi.
Congratulations to our winners so far:
- 5-8-13, Pi Starter Pack: Jack Davis
- 5-


Quote1.png Your Family? I WILL ANNIHILATE YOUR ENTIRE RACE! Quote2.png
Computo src
Computo is an artificial intelligence created by Brainiac.
Created by Brainiac to lead Colu in his absence, Computo tackled the planet's overpopulation issue by shrinking its populus and their cities using Brainiac's technology, brainwashed the people of the planet and kept them under constant surveillance. After Techne, daughter of Brainiac, starts a resistance movement against Computo, he made a deal with his creator to use Telos to draw out Techne, in exchange for the Rozetta Stone within Telos's chest. His plan failed when Techne and her group destroyed his surveilence screens, and Telos smashed all of his robotic bodies to pieces, save for his giant body, which Brainiac had infected with a computer virus, causing it to disassemble as he fought with Telos.
Telos Vol 1


Solidia technology principles
Since signing a joint development and commercial agreement in 2013, LarfargeHolcim has worked closely with Solidia Technologies to develop cement and concrete solutions employing mineral carbonation for the precast industry.
Solidia Cement, a non-hydraulic binder, is produced using the same raw material as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in existing cement kilns. The key difference is that the Solidia binder is produced using less limestone and at lower kiln burning temperatures. This translates into reduced CO2 emissions during cement manufacturing (30% reduction). Solidia Concrete™ is made from of a mix of the non-hydraulic binder, Solidia Cement™, aggregates and sand. Water is used for shaping. The mixture is placed in a curing chamber filled with CO₂ to create a more durable product than traditional concrete. The curing process captures up to 300 kg of CO2 per ton of cement used. Combined, the production of Solidia Cement™ and Solidia Concrete™ reduce the carbon footprint of concrete up to 70%, compared to OPC products.
Solidia pavers
The advantages to precasters are multiple:
 - Full strength in concrete parts achieved within 24 hours (compared to 28 days for OPC-based concrete) thus allowing just-in-time manufacturing and a significant reduction in inventory cost.
 - Concrete waste from forming process is almost eliminated and equipment cleanup time is significantly reduced because the concrete does not harden until it is exposed to CO2.
 - The final precast products present better aesthetics than PC-based concretes (no efflorescence, better pigmentation, and better color grading).
The Partners
With the contribution of the European Union Life financial instrument for the Environment and Sustainable Industry Low Carbon (SILC) Scheme
LIFE Programme


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GourmetNut – Organic Flaxseed 12 Oz
Choosing organic flaxseed supports environmentally friendly, pesticide-free farming practices and allows you to enjoy the natural flavors and health benefits of this versatile and nutrient-rich ingredient.
Total Fat3.5 g
Total Carbohydrate3 g
Organic flaxseed refers to the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum) that have been grown using organic farming methods. Flaxseed is a nutritious and versatile ingredient known for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and various other nutrients. Organic farming practices prohibit the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), ensuring that the flaxseed is grown naturally and sustainably. Instead, organic farmers use natural fertilizers, crop rotation, and other sustainable techniques to promote soil health and protect the environment. Organic flaxseed can be consumed in various forms, such as whole seeds, ground seeds (flax meal), or as flaxseed oil. It can be added to smoothies, baked goods, oatmeal, yogurt, and other recipes to add a nutty flavor and boost the nutritional content.
|Produce sold as
GMO Free, Vegan, Organic


text:
Skin Rejuvenation Just as every face has its own distinctive features, so does every person have his or her own skin type. Custom prepared biocosmetic creams help provide a number of dermatological health benefits, including reduced acne, skin irritations, rashes, redness and inflammation.
Though the aging of skin can't be stopped in many cases it can be slowed down. In fact, some of its effects are actually treatable, particularly that of skin related aging. Recently factors have been identified that cause the wrinkling and loss of elasticity that come with age. These factors include sun, cold, wind, smoking, fatigue, stress, poor nutrition and environmental irritants such as soaps.
While we can't turn back the clock, we can begin to protect undamaged skin and rejuvenate skin that has already begun to age – through innovative biocosmetic products.


text: Firms are increasingly opening up their innovation efforts to allow users to tap into the benefits they can offer, such as mobile data service (MDS) innovation on iOS and Google Android platforms. For this purpose, platforms typically provide toolkits to facilitate user participation, aiming to create an ecosystem for sustainable innovation. However, with the barriers to user innovation and attrition of existing innovators, it could be challenging for firms to attract and sustain users' MDS innovation. With the possible benefits from user innovation, and considering the challenges faced, firms need to understand how to influence potential user innovators to take part and to encourage extant user innovators to innovate again. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research and understanding of what drives users' intentions to innovate services and the differences in the antecedents of such intention between potential and actual user innovators. Further, although prior studies have suggested that toolkits can support user innovation, little research has theorized and empirically tested their influence. Motivated thus, this study proposes a model based on (1) user innovation theory to explain the antecedents (including toolkit support) of user MDS innovation intention and (2) construal level theory to explain the differential effects of the antecedents for actual and potential user innovators. We tested the model through survey data from potential and actual MDS user innovators on Google Android and iOS platforms. We find that trend leadership and anticipated extrinsic reward influence both potential and actual user innovators' intentions to innovate. However, anticipated recognition and toolkit support affect only actual user innovators, while anticipated enjoyment affects only potential user innovators. Interestingly, toolkit support strengthens the influence of anticipated enjoyment for actual user innovators but weakens its influence for potential user innovators. Further, potential user innovators value anticipated extrinsic rewards less than actual innovators do. The implications for research and practice are discussed.


text:
Columbia College — 1851 to 2013
|John Augustus Williams,
first president of
Christian Female College
|Class of 1857|
|1889 Senior class with
President William Oldham
|Missouri Hall, 1920s|
|Alumna Deborah Bryant,
Miss America 1966
|Launer Auditorium, 2000|
On January 18, 1851, Christian Female College received its charter from the Missouri Legislature, making it the first women's college west of the Mississippi River to be chartered by a state legislature.
The city of Columbia strongly supported female education partly because the University of Missouri did not yet admit women. The college has been affiliated by covenant with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) since its inception, yet it has always been a nonsectarian school welcoming students of all religious affiliations.
Back in 1851, a typical day for the students started at 6 a.m. The ladies took a morning walk then gathered for chapel. They attended classes until late afternoon then wrote a daily composition. After they studied and did chores, the students attended a Bible lecture every evening. They studied arithmetic, ancient history, grammar, ancient geography, philosophy, five books of Moses and composition. By 1856, there were 150 students, including 85 boarders.
When the Civil War gripped the nation, Christian College President Joseph K. Rogers vowed to keep the school open and he did, thanks to faculty who stayed on knowing they might not be paid.
During the war, President Rogers insisted the college remain neutral and did not allow newspapers on the grounds, but privately he read them. As the fighting continued, so did the fight for the college's survival. Only three students graduated in 1862 and four the following year. But Christian College never missed a day of classes. After the war, Christian College saw its largest enrollment to date with 182 students taught by nine faculty members.
Luella St. Clair, a "steam engine in petticoats," served three different terms as president of the college between 1893 and 1920 and was one of the first female college presidents in the country.
During her administration, she spearheaded the construction of four new buildings — St. Clair Hall, Dorsey Hall, Launer Auditorium and Missouri Hall — all of which are still in use today. She also doubled the size of the faculty, held the first Ivy Chain ceremony, launched a college magazine, created a college orchestra, started a women's basketball team and implemented a bold new cap-and-gown uniform, which the students wore whenever they were in public.
She also changed the college from a four-year school to one of the first accredited junior colleges in the country.
In the late 1960s, Christian College, like many other small private colleges, faced declining enrollments. So the college did what it has always done when faced with adversity — it changed with the times. In 1970 the college changed from a two-year all-female college to a four-year coeducational college and changed its name to Columbia College. For the first time in the school's history, men and women sat side-by-side in the classrooms and men began participating in the time-honored Ivy Chain ceremony.
In 1973, at the request of the military, the college began educating military personnel, making it one of the first colleges in the country with extended campuses on military bases. This was the start of the Extended Studies Division. Two years later, the college launched the Evening Campus in Columbia, which is geared to adult learners who want to start or finish a college degree.
Today, the college has over 30 Nationwide Campuses around the country serving more than 11,000 military and civilian students each year.
In 1996, Columbia College offered its first graduate degree with a Master of Arts in Teaching, followed by a Master of Business Administration and a Master of Science in Criminal Justice.
These degrees are offered through evening classes in Columbia, Mo., and at select extended campuses around the country. In 2000, the college launched its Online Campus, which now offers more than 800 online courses and 23 online degrees. More than 16,000 students take at least one online course each year at Columbia College.
Yet the college remains firmly focused on its roots by providing a traditional campus experience to more than 1,000 Day Campus students each year. It is this unique blend of teaching traditional and nontraditional students that has contributed to the continuing success of the college.
While many things have changed at Columbia College since 1851, some things have remained constant. The college still offers small classes taught by experienced faculty. It still believes the liberal arts and sciences are the basis for lifelong learning. And it is still changing with the times.
Columbia College — improving lives through higher education for more than 150 years.
For a more detailed history, you may purchase the book "Columbia College: 150 Years of Courage, Commitment and Change" by Paulina "Polly" Batterson. It portrays the triumphs and tribulations of the college from 1849 to the present in frank and intimate detail.
Please contact Alumni Relations to purchase. Quantities are limited.


text:
19 Fighting COVID-19: Unsung Heroes Creating Impact During the Pandemic and Unrest
by Chuck Bolton
As the COVID-19 crisis swept across the country, it disrupted every aspect of American life. During this perilous time, we all seek inspiration from people who capture our hearts and minds, who show us the path through the storm. People who are creating an impact. Now, combined with a heightened awareness of the injustice and indignities African Americans have suffered during 400 years of racial discrimination following George Floyd's death and the ensuing protests, we find ourselves in the grips of two pandemics that have become inextricably intertwined. How we fare through the COVID-19 and racial injustice pandemics remains to be seen. Yet, every storm cloud has a silver lining. In the midst of these two crises are people – everyday heroes – who are leading with hope and purpose, making a positive impact in the world. In this book – 19 Fighting COVID-19: Unsung Heroes Creating Impact During the Pandemic and Unrest – you will discover the stories of unsung heroes. They will fill you with optimism, hope, and inspiration. In today's volatile and uncertain world, if ever there was a time for a book about people who are making an impact, now is the time.


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During the early 1900's the first commercial asparagus plantings in the state of Victoria were grown by Thomas Roxburgh - a shipping agent by trade - on a 300 acre farm in the town of Vervale. By the 1930's the major commercial asparagus production area in Victoria was the nearby Koo Wee Rup and Dalmore area. Soon after, this area was to become the largest asparagus producing area in Australia.
Victoria has a range of soils and climates suitable for asparagus production, including those in Koo Wee Rup, East Gippsland and Lindenow in southern Victoria, Rochester and Myrtleford in north-east Victoria, and in the Mildura and Swan Hill districts of north-west Victoria.
As a result, Victoria has a longer growing season for asparagus than most other production areas in the world. The asparagus season in Victoria also complements that of other states of Australia and helps provide a continuous supply of product. Much of the plantings in Australia are of the California hybrid UC157 because it produces a premium spear of uniform size, length and overall appearance. However, additional varieties are grown in specific regions, such as Mary Washington in southern Victoria and Ida Lea in North-West Victoria.
Victoria is the leading state in Australia for the production and export of fresh asparagus, producing 95% of the national asparagus crop with a Gross Value of 95% of $41.42 m (ABS: Agriculture 2007-08).


text:
(Super food pomegranate…)
Daily consumption of pomegranate, the fruit that has been hailed as a super food for centuries, can help you stay young by slowing down the ageing process of DNA, a new study has revealed.
The fruit, now known as the elixir of youth, also plays a role in fighting heart diseases, relieving stress and improving one's sex life.
The study encompassed 60 volunteers, who were given extracts of the whole fruit, including pith, peel and seeds for a month in the form of a capsule.
The researchers kept a check on the activity of chemicals in their bodies and compared it to those who took a placebo.
The study revealed that there was a considerable decrease in the marker, called 8-Oxo-DG, linked with cell damage, which can cause impaired brain, muscle, liver and kidney function as well as ageing effects on the skin.
According to the researchers at ProbelteBio laboratory in Murcia, Spain, this decrease - a hitherto unknown benefit of consuming pomegranate - is thought to slow down the oxidation, or 'rusting', of the DNA in cells which naturally occurs over time, the Daily Mail reported.
They are found in small quantities in the juice but mainly in the inedible rind, husk and white pith, which are converted in the form of a pill or a drink.
"We are very excited about this study which we believe demonstrates that regular consumption of this pomegranate extract can slow down the process of DNA oxidation," said Dr Sergio Streitenberger, who led the study.
"One way to look at ageing is to think of it as rusting, or oxidising, a damaging process. Being able to guard against this process would be a significant breakthrough.," he added.


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How Servers Propagate Changes
An NIS+ master server implements updates to its objects immediately; however, it tries to "batch" several updates together before it propagates them to its replicas. When a master server receives an update to an object, whether a directory, group, link, or table, it waits about two minutes for any other updates that may arrive. Once it is finished waiting, it stores the updates in two locations: on disk and in a transaction log (it has already stored the updates in memory).
The transaction log is used by a master server to store changes to the namespace until they can be propagated to replicas. A transaction log has two primary components: updates and time stamps.
An update is an actual copy of a changed object. For instance, if a directory has been changed, the update is a complete copy of the directory object. If a table entry has been changed, the update is a copy of the actual table entry. The time stamp indicates the time at which an update was made by the master server.
After recording the change in the transaction log, the master sends a message to its replicas, telling them that it has updates to send them. Each replica replies with the time stamp of the last update it received from the master. The master then sends each replica the updates it has recorded in the log since the replica's time stamp:
When the master server updates all its replicas, it clears the transaction log. In some cases, such as when a new replica is added to a domain, the master receives a time stamp from a replica that is before its earliest time stamp still recorded in the transaction log. If that happens, the master server performs a full resynchronization, or resync. A resync downloads all the objects and information stored in the master down to the replica. During a resync, both the master and replica are busy. The replica cannot answer requests for information; the master can answer read requests but cannot accept update requests. Both respond to requests with a Server Busy - Try Again or similar message.
NIS+ Clients and Principals
NIS+ principals are the entities (clients) that submit requests for NIS+ services.
An NIS+ principal may be someone who is logged in to a client machine as a regular user or someone who is logged in as superuser (root). In the first instance, the request actually comes from the client user; in the second instance, the request comes from the client machine. Therefore, an NIS+ principal can be a client user or a client machine.
(An NIS+ principal can also be the entity that supplies an NIS+ service from an NIS+ server. Since all NIS+ servers are also NIS+ clients, much of this discussion also applies to servers.)
An NIS+ client is a machine that has been set up to receive NIS+ service. Setting up an NIS+ client consists of establishing security credentials, making it a member of the proper NIS+ groups, verifying its home domain, verifying its switch configuration file and, finally, running the NIS+ initialization script. (Complete instructions are provided in Part 2.)
An NIS+ client can access any part of the namespace, subject to security constraints. In other words, if it has been authenticated and has been granted the proper permissions, it can access information or objects in any domain in the namespace.
Although a client can access the entire namespace, a client belongs to only one domain, which is referred to as its home domain. A client's home domain is usually specified during installation, but it can be changed or specified later. All the information about a client, such as its IP address and its credentials, is stored in the NIS+ tables of its home domain.
There is a subtle difference between being an NIS+ client and being listed in an NIS+ table. Entering information about a machine into an NIS+ table does not automatically make that machine an NIS+ client. It simply makes information about that machine available to all NIS+ clients. That machine cannot request NIS+ service unless it is actually set up as an NIS+ client.
Conversely, making a machine an NIS+ client does not enter information about that machine into an NIS+ table. It simply allows that machine to receive NIS+ service. If information about that machine is not explicitly entered into the NIS+ tables by an administrator, other NIS+ clients will not be able to get it.
When a client requests access to the namespace, it is actually requesting access to a particular domain in the namespace. Therefore, it sends its request to the server that supports the domain it is trying to access. Here is a simplified representation:
How does the client know which server that is? By trial and error. Beginning with its home server, the client tries first one server, then another, until it finds the right one. When a server cannot answer the client's request, it sends the client information to help locate the right server. Over time, the client builds up its own cache of information and becomes more efficient at locating the right server. The next section describes this process.
The Cold-Start File and Directory Cache
When a client is initialized, it is given a cold-start file. The cold-start file gives a client a copy of a directory object that it can use as a starting point for contacting servers in the namespace. The directory object contains the address, public keys, and other information about the master and replica servers that support the directory. Normally, the cold-start file contains the directory object of the client's home domain.
A cold-start file is used only to initialize a client's directory cache. The directory cache, managed by an NIS+ facility called the cache manager, stores the directory objects that enable a client to send its requests to the proper servers.
By storing a copy of the namespace's directory objects in its directory cache, a client can know which servers support which domains. (To view the contents of a client's cache, use the nisshowcache command, described in "The nisshowcache Command".) Here is a simplified example:
Domain Name and Directory Name are the same
To keep these copies up-to-date, each directory object has a time-to-live (TTL) field. Its default value is 12 hours. If a client looks in its directory cache for a directory object and finds that it has not been updated in the last 12 hours, the cache manager obtains a new copy of the object. You can change a directory object's time-to-live value with the nischttl command, as described in "The nischttl Command". However, keep in mind that the longer the time-to-live, the higher the likelihood that the copy of the object will be out of date; and the shorter the time to live, the greater the network traffic and server load.
How does the directory cache accumulate these directory objects? As mentioned above, the cold-start file provides the first entry in the cache. Therefore, when the client sends its first request, the request goes to the server specified by the cold-start file. If the request is for access to the domain supported by that server, the server answers the request.
If the request is for access to another domain (for example, sales.doc.com.), the server tries to help the client locate the proper server. If the server has an entry for that domain in its own directory cache, it sends a copy of the domain's directory object to the client. The client loads that information into its directory cache for future reference and sends its request to that server.
In the unlikely event that the server does not have a copy of the directory object the client is trying to access, it sends the client a copy of the directory object for its own home domain, which lists the address of the server's parent. The client repeats the process with the parent server, and keeps trying until it finds the proper server or until it has tried all the servers in the namespace. What the client does after trying all the servers in the domain is determined by the instructions in its name service switch configuration file.
Over time, the client accumulates in its cache a copy of all the directory objects in the namespace and thus the IP addresses of the servers that support them. When it needs to send a request for access to another domain, it can usually find the name of its server in its directory cache and send the request directly to that server.
An NIS+ Server Is Also a Client
An NIS+ server is also an NIS+ client. In fact, before you can set up a machine as a server, you must initialize it as a client. The only exception is the root master server, which has its own unique setup process.
This means that in addition to supporting a domain, a server also belongs to a domain. In other words, by virtue of being a client, a server has a home domain. Its host information is stored in the Hosts table of its home domain, and its DES credentials are stored in the cred table of its home domain. Like other clients, it sends its requests for service to the servers listed in its directory cache.
In other words, a server supports clients in one domain, but is a client of another domain. A server cannot be a client of a domain that it supports, with the exception of the root domain. Because they have no parent domain, the servers that support the root domain belong to the root domain itself.
For example, consider the following namespace:
The chart lists which domain each server supports and which domain it belongs to:
Objects in an NIS+ namespace can be identified with two types of names: partially-qualified and fully qualified. A partially qualified name, also called a simple name, is simply the name of the object or any portion of the fully


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U.S. Bureau of Labor Established in the Department. of Interior, by act of June 27, 1884. In 1888 became an independent agency called the of Labor but without a cabinet offices at its head. In 1903 transferred to the Dept. of Commerce and Labor under the name Bureau of Labor. The law of Mar. 4, 1913 created a De- t. of Labor of cabinet rank. To the near Dept. was transferred the old Bureau of Labor, but this time with its name changed to Bureau of Labor Statistics ^'sterr, story
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Debugging Tips for Database Abstraction
Today I want to talk about database script debugging in large systems. The main problem is that in large applications, it becomes difficult to find the source of rogue queries that, for example, broke in a recent system update.This may not readily apply to most of you, but bear with me: some day it will.
Pretend for a moment you have a database architecture where you have 2 masters (dual replication) and 2 read-only slaves. Now pretend that you have a large application with 100 different pages/scripts. You have 5 web servers with mirror copies of the application. This would be a fairly typical setup for a small, but growing company.
One day, you come into work and find out that you had a bad transaction lock that caused your system to hang all weekend. So you look at the process list and you know what query is causing the problem (because it's still stuck). The problem is that it looks suspiciously like the queries you'd find on virtually every page in your application. How do you fix this problem? An different (but related) problem is when an update initially executed on one master database server replicated to a slave and got stuck on the slave but executed fine elsewhere. What happened? Which master server got the initial query? This sort of debugging is very difficult to track down without more information such as where the query was initially sent and from what page it originated.
The primary challenge is figuring out which query came from what page in your application. The solution is to add logging straight into your queries. The implemented looks something like this:
//Get the current page or script file
//Replace out any comment tags and add in the database being connected to
$metaData = str_replace(array('/*', '*/'), array('/ *', '* /'), $source). " ($databaseHost)");
//Escape the query so the URI can't be used to inject data
$metaData = mysql_real_escape_string($metaData);
//Execute the query
$result = mysql_query("/* $metaData */ ". $query, $connection);
This solution inserts a comment into your query that gives you useful information that can be seen when looking at the raw query. MySQL uses C++ style comment blocks (the /* */) which are ignored by the parsing engine. This means you can pass data to the engine which can be useful for debugging. These comments are also replicated down to the slaves, which can be useful when you find a slave having problems with a query that came from a master server. For those of you unaware, the "URI" refers to the full URL that was typed in the address bar to access a page.
But make sure that you correctly sanitize the URI so that somebody can't arbitrarily end your comment block (with a */) and inject their own nonsense into your query. Also, considering issues like multi-byte character attacks, I don't even want to take the risk of not further escaping the data with a call to mysql_real_escape_string.
The solution we use at my work logs the web server IP, database server IP, and script path/URI. Other potential ideas are local timestamps, version information, user IDs, and session IDs.
In conclusion, this solution will help you identify the source (and sometimes the destination) of queries that are causing problems. This has been used in our production environment at work often when trying to determine what pages are producing extremely slow queries. This solution should work with any database, although my example is written for MySQL.
Happy debugging!
PHP Best Practice: Don't use INC extensions
I have been bad about updating, and this goes back to an old habit that probably has to do with human nature: as time between updates increases, there's a desire to write a "big" update, which is increasingly difficult as news-worthy events happen and are ignored. There's so many things for me to update about that I could touch on, such as the iPhone SDK update, news on IE8 passing the ACID2 test, my predictions from a year ago that were spot on (until about a week ago when all stocks tanked), and Sun buying MySQL. But I wont. Perhaps next time. So this post is small, but serves as a feeler post to help me get back into the routine. The truth is that I have several programming post drafts setting on my machine that could have been posted a long time ago if I had given them a final read-over. Those things take a lot longer than they look from the casual observer.
Today's post is a best practices post. The tip is simple: When creating a naming convention, never rely on the.inc extension. The.inc is used in some shops to denote files that serve as libraries. This is a terrible practice for a number of reasons.
First, it means deploying your library ANYWHERE requires adding the extension to your server's configurations so that it knows these files are for PHP executables. This isn't a deal breaker in most cases, but beware that if you use shared hosting environments, this sort of thing can be annoying and stall development.
The second far more practical reason is for security. When these library files are moved to a new server which has yet to be configured, they are wide open for public viewing. Because the server doesn't know they are PHP files, they are served up as text files, essentially exposing your code base for the world to see. I've seen this issue pop up in production environments where a new web server was brought online without being fully configured, causing pages to become exposed. This is the sort of business that helps cause source code leaks (remember the Facebook code leak late last year?).
Of course, this points to the greater issue that library files shouldn't be web accessible, but I have also seen this paradigm used in common CMS applications where you have a.php file include a.inc file that contains the bulk of the page logic. Here, again, you would be exposing highly sensitive application logic to the world.
If you really want to denote files differently, I prefer to use file prefixes. As in, classes might get a prefix like "class.[rest-of-filename]". Or perhaps "function.[rest-of-filename]". There's even "include.[rest-of-filename]". The point is, a prefix can't kill you because the files retain the.php extension. :) Happy coding!


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Nopal crop in Greenhouses and Microtunnels
Ideal microclimate with INVERNAVELO thermal blanket, anti-insect and anti-frost
The Nopal crop in Greenhouse allows for the optimal growth of plants and fruits.
The nopal, Opuntia ficus, is an arborescent cactus, original from Mexico, widely cultivated in all tropical countries and in tempered zones, including the Mediterranean basin.
The fruits of the prickly pear are recognized throughout the world and are used both in human nutrition and in the feeding of livestock. Lately its benefits for medicinal uses have been discovered. It's optimal development occurs with optimal exposure to the sun and with adequate protection against insects, wind and frost.
How the Nopal crop in Greenhouses and Microtunnels protects against parasites and diseases
Thanks to the INVERNAVELO mesh, new generation nonwoven woven plastic mesh; the attacks of some insects are prevented. For example, the fruit fly, the cochineal and the moth deposit their eggs in the fruits during ripening, ruining them completely.
Many common Nopal diseases are reduced thanks to the INVERNAVELO mesh.
Invernavelo protects from the cold but it does not limit the penetration of the sun's rays.
If the plant does not flower and assumes strange forms, it stretches and turns a light green color; meaning that there is just little light. With the anti-freeze fabric, this risk does not occur. If the green parts are bleached and appear as "emptied" it is usually due to insufficient irrigation.
The plant exhausts all the water contained in the tissues and then seems to empty. The Micro Tunnel of INVERNAVELO avoids water loss and it maintains a developing environment at constant temperature and humidity values.
If the green parts begin to appear golden, as if the plant had burned and small divisions are noticed, it means that the temperatures are too low.
Remedy: Place the INVERNAVELO thermal blanket as protection against frost. Especially at the delicate moment of transplanting the Nopal plant.
When the plant netting reaches 5-10 cm in height, they are transplanted to the pots. But you have to be careful to avoid the risk of frost because they are still sensitive to low temperatures
Why it is important to protect the Nopal Crop in Greenhouses and Microtunnels
The nopal has a long juvenile phase and the young seedlings grow slowly. Its fruiting begins after 2-3 years and the complete production phase not before the seventh year.
INVERNAVELO, barrier against PARASITES
Parasites can be so aggressive, frequently causing fruit loss.
Avoid the excessive use of antiparasitic agents and promote the use of nonwoven and woven INVERNAVELO fabrics.
If white patches are observed, like a kind of cotton balls that rest on all the green parts of the plant, the pillbugs have infested the crop. Pillbugs cause damage similar to the aphids, by sucking the sap from cactus plants and stunting the growth of plants, which can lead to the decomposition of the stem or the whole plant. These parasites expel the honeydew, which attracts other parasites, such as ants. In some areas, the Nopal crop in greenhouses is grown to make the pillbugs colonize. In fact, these insects serve to produce a natural dye that is used in many foods, in cosmetics, and in the textile industry.
Caterpillars are one of the most common parasites that feed themselves on this plant. Adults have black and red marks. They feed on the younger parts first, infesting the stems of the plant. These parasites slow down the growth of the plant and can even kill it.
Mesh against insects, bugs, aphids and thrips, as well as dominant pests of both the cactus and nopal crop.
These small parasites reproduce quickly and cause very damaging infestations. The aphids feed on the sap of the nopal, which causes the plant to decrease in size. If the infestation is already severe enough, the whole plant drifts or dies. In addition, aphids excrete large quantities of honeydew, a sweet and watery substance that attracts not only other pests, but also other animals. Thrips are other small and thin parasites that can go away thanks to the INVERNAVELO mesh. The thrips suck the Nopal juice and leave the stems with a silvery and mottled appearance. Severe infestations cause stunted growth and damage to flowers and developing fruit.
Nopal crop in Greenhouses and Microtunnels. INVERNAVELO against frost
The Nopales grow in full sun, so the exposure should be as sunny as possible. The cactus is very sensitive to cold. It can be cultivated in the soil only where the winter temperatures do not fall below -10 ° C.
Consequently, in places with severe winters, Nopal crops in Greenhouses or Microtunnels are better off. The INVERNAVELO thermal blanket has the advantage of being a floating cover that can be placed during cold temperatures and removed when they are not needed. When the growing season returns, plants can gradually be exposed to intense heat and light. INVERNAVELO favors the passage of light and air. It is also advisable to provide a suitable substrate to avoid problems related to stagnant root moisture.
It is also advisable to provide a suitable substrate to avoid problems related to stagnant root moisture
To maintain the ideal microclimate, the cultivation of Nopal in Greenhouse and Microtunnel is recommended.
Unlike plastic tarpaulin, which needs to be closed and opened several times to prevent moisture formation, the non-woven woven mesh allows perspiration and allows the passage of rain and air.
Prevent burns against precipitous drops in temperatures
How can we protect plants that are sensitive to frost?
Creating a structure of protection against the cold with INVERNAVELO, non-woven fabric.
INVERNAVELO provides effective protection against frost. With this breathable non-woven fabric it is possible to cover the entire plant and it is fixed by inserting the limbs under stones or from the same pots.
The riskiest period for a plant is the cold season.
How should non-woven fabric be used? When should the plants be covered?
It is important to anticipate the times, because a structure that maintains an environment in which the plant is placed and it is too hot, inhibits its acclimatization.
In other words, it is "a hoax". If the plant has a temperature of 30 ° C (86 ° F) with the October sun, it will think that it is still summer and will continue to vegetate, which will prevent the beginning of all those processes that correspond to the preparation for winter and the risk of bigger "posterior colds".
The anti-frost blanket protects plants from rain and snow (often moisture makes plants more susceptible to frost).
At night, they retain the heat that by radiation would disperse, creating a milder environment with minimum temperatures even higher than a few degrees.
INVERNAVELO is a synthetic fabric that, allowing the passage of air, leaves the plant "transpiring", also allowing the passage of solar rays.
It is important not to wrap the plants directly, especially if it is evergreen. The non-woven fabric, in fact, retains moisture and if it were in direct contact with the leaves, it would keep them much moister than the leaves in contact with the air. This, combined with more thermal changes, would burn the leaves and weaken our plants more than it would occur with unprotected plants.
The effect would be even worse if instead of non-woven fabric, we used other materials.
Avoid plastics or materials that block air circulation.
So, how should non-woven fabric must be used?
It is necessary to create a Microtunnel, for example, using bamboo poles or metal supports, around the plant you want to protect. This "skeleton" must be far enough away from the leaves and must define a space that is not too narrow.
Around it, "roll" a couple of layers of INVERNAVELO, fixing them with clips to the support posts.
It is important that the cover starts from the bottom of the plant and is not open at the top. In fact, the heat is transferred from the ground to the upper part and, if it could spread laterally or come out from above, it would not bring the least advantage offered by this protection. It must be avoided that the sheets are in direct contact with the non-woven fabric.
What advantages are obtained with an INVERNAVELO nonwoven fabric cover?
A structure made with the thermal blanket has the advantage of creating a more protected environment, protecting against wind, rain and snow.
However, the internal temperature is noticeably higher only during the day with the sun beating against it, generating a greenhouse effect.
The differences in the minimum temperatures between the interior and the exterior are often insignificant, since during the night the cooling is fast and even if the dispersion of heat through the nonwoven fabric is attenuated, the internal temperature is balanced with the external.


Posts Tagged 'anchoring'
Taking Care of an Athlete's Emotional Welfare: Living Inside Another Person's Head
Thursday, July 14th, 2011
The Mental Game of a Sports Mind Coach is not that Different from the Athletes they Coach.
As a sports mind coach, much of the ability to create sustainable change in athletes comes from the ability to completely associate specifically to them and their performance issues on a deep level – and then take a precise pragmatic approach to solving those issues with them.
This means spending much of the workday deep within the minds of others, observing their idiosyncrasies, emotional roller-coasters, behavioural dichotomies, good and bad days, perceptions of self-worth and their individual sporting needs.
This can be emotionally challenging as a coach, especially when you have more than one client on the go which could mean double, triple or even 10 fold the idiosyncrasies, emotional roller-coasters, highs and lows! Keeping track of all the individual athletes needs, progress and programmes is paramount to ensuring them the best sustainable performance outcome.
So how can so many high octane careers be managed and still deliver each and every time? Well, it's in part about perspective and systems!
It is as much about managing your mental wellbeing as a coach as much as it is managing the athletes. Let's face it, if a coach was to get lost in the mental abyss and didn't practice what they preached, they lose the ability to lead and guide these athletes. It would be like trying to catch a whole bunch of rabbits in an open field, blindfolded – completely hit and miss.
Empathy and understanding play a major role as does 100% precision focus on them whether working with them or building their programme. This means having the ability to not only switch ON to them and their needs but also to switch OFF from them too. This is vital to instantly change focus and do so without leaving traces of the last client or a build up to the next!
So the same 'switch' process I teach athletes, I utilise myself – a set process that switches me on before I engage with the client and one that powers me down after. This is the same process the athletes go through so they can perform 100% in full concentration and focus during the training session and more importantly on game day.
So how is this achieved?
The first stage is to establish a boundary – a physical and or mental line between where is work and where is not. For me it is outside wherever I am working with the client (this is a flexible boundary I maneuver as the physical venue changes frequently). So I establish the boundary line and once I cross that boundary line it's game on, 100% them and their programme and nothing else.
Clark Kent or SupermanThe second stage is a 'trigger', a replicable action I set that signifies the mental transition from a mild mannered Clark Kent to Superman!
This trigger process is the same process as building an anchor to fire off a specific set of internal chemicals to initiate a set response or performance (anchoring). It needs to be unique and replicable, so with the crossing of the boundary and the firing of the trigger I become immersed in them and their world completely.
At the end of the session I reverse the process, I again cross out of the boundary and fire the second trigger to turn me back into Clark Kent or Dave Diggle! Leaving behind the emotional baggage and debris from the session. This preserves my emotional state and mental health.
This process allows a coach to be completely effective when needed to be and protects mental and physical welfare, creating sustainability and targeted focus.
This same process protects athletes from mental and emotional fatigue allowing them to be 100% committed to their sport and their careers yet allows them to power down and live a normal life outside without the hype and pressure creating a happier, healthier athlete with a sustainable career.