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PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto
Amy Janzwood is a Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science and Environmental Studies at the University of Toronto. Her dissertation explains why there has been such great opposition to mega oil sands pipelines in North America, and the implications of this resistance. Her research broadly investigates how state and non-state actors interact on issues like energy, climate change, and trade. She is also a Research Associate at the Environmental Governance Lab, where she analyzes how strategies like carbon disclosure and carbon pricing provide pathways to decarbonization.


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HEPIALIDAE, HEPIALOIDEA
(Drawing: courtesy of the Department of Agriculture, Tasmania)
These Caterpillars live underground, feeding on the roots of Grass ( POACEAE ).
The adult moths of this species have brown forewings with a dark pattern of splotches. The hindwings are plain brown.
The species is found in
Further reading :
Ian F.B. Common,
Moths of Australia,
Melbourne University Press, 1990, pp. 47, 145, 149.
Gerald F. Hill,
The Tasmanian Grass Grub, Oncopera Intricata Walker.
A Preliminary Report on Its Life History, and Methods of Control,
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pamphlet no. 11, 1929.
The ecology of Oncopera intricata Walker and Oncopera rufobrunnea Tindale (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae),
Research Bulletin, No. 3 (1960), Department of Agriculture, Tasmania
(updated 24 May 2010)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Skip to definition.
Noun: ethical drug e-thi-kul drúg
 1. A drug that is available only with written instructions from a doctor or dentist to a pharmacist
 "he told the doctor that he had been taking his ethical drug regularly";
 - prescription drug, prescription, prescription medicine
Derived forms: ethical drugs
Type of: medicament, medication, medicinal drug, medicine
Encyclopedia: Ethical drug


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Adding Color to the Freshwater Aquarium: Going for Gold (Full Article)Author: Philip Purser
The glowing, sun-like radiance of gold and yellow fish is sure to pop in the freshwater aquarium. Yellow is a common color in some aquariums (perhaps too common in the African cichlid tank), yet getting just the right species of fish to shine its radiant splendor in your aquarium is, perhaps, even more touch-and-go than it is with some other color choices. Yellow species come in the form of peaceful schoolers, as well as sensitive, scaleless loners that require a mature tank and very specific water chemistry parameters. A splash of golden sunshine in an otherwise green or earth-toned aquarium environment can truly be a sight for sore eyes, however.
Few things are as dramatic as the gilt-finned flash of a gold-nugget pleco swimming past the front of your tank or as eye-catching as a school of lemon tetras, with their canary-yellow finnage shining in golden relief against an earthen background. So, let's go for gold and discover what species of yellow fish are available for the freshwater community aquarium.
The first species up for consideration is the gold barb (Puntius semifasciolatus). Native to the Red River in China, the gold barb is, in its naturally occurring coloration, greenish olive and very rarely appears in aquaria. The cultivated form, made popular in the late 1960s, wears a golden color on the body, often with a broken line of high-contrast black speckles running the length of the flanks, and bears yellow or orange finnage.
When healthy and kept under superior water chemistry, the gold barb is a relatively long-lived species. Its lifespan may exceed six years. As a barb (a member of the family Cyprinidae), P. semifasciolatus thrives best when kept in schools. I recommend no fewer than five in a school, though six or more is certainly advantageous to the stress levels and happiness of the fish themselves.
Growing to a maximum length of roughly 3 inches, the gold barb is a peaceful grazer that does well in tanks planted with live vegetation—this species especially likes to graze on algal accumulations in the tank. A mid-level swimmer that seldom sits still, the gold barb is a high-visibility species that, when kept in a school, will definitely add the splash of sunshine to your tank you may be looking for. These very active fish can, indeed, become the dominant species in view at any given time.
Most species of barbs are notoriously tough fish that tend to be tolerant of a very wide range of water chemistries. Maintain the pH from 6.0 to 7.8 and KH at 6.0 to 20.0. Because they can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, these barbs may be kept in either heated or unheated aquaria. Maintain temperatures of 65° to 77°F.
When selecting gold barbs for purchase in pet shops, remember that males (and this is true for most fish species) are considerably smaller and more colorful than females. Bigger specimens are likely to be less attractive in the long run than their smaller counterparts. A school consisting of both sexes is an active, viable, and striking addition to the home aquarium. While they might get a little nippy with elaborately finned species, such as fancy guppies or bettas, these barbs are highly disease resistant and very hardy. As a general rule, you simply can't go wrong with gold barbs.
Gold Nugget Pleco
If aquarium oddities are your thing and you prefer loner species or non-schooling varieties, look no further than the gold nugget pleco. Gold nugget plecos (Baryancistrus spp.) may actually be one of several closely related fishes. So similar in form, coloration, and life habits are these species that many importers and wholesalers are either unable or unwilling to differentiate. Thus, many hobbyists simply order or describe the gold nugget by the L number they have been assigned, L18 (sometimes L018), as this is how it is imported from South America. Two other forms, L177 and L81 (or L85), are supposed by many to be the same species (or adult or juvenile forms of L18), but, owing to larger or smaller spots on the body and geographically different collection sites, these fish may be considered subspecies or different species altogether. As the plecos are still coming into their own within the worldwide aquarium hobby, more differentiation and classification should accompany these wonderful fish.
As a member of the community tank, the gold nugget pleco is one of the most stunningly gorgeous plecos available. Wearing a base coat of chocolate brown to near black with almost perfectly round yellow to golden spots freckling the entire dorsum and much of the fins, this fish is also adorned with a wide, golden band trimming both the dorsal and caudal fins. Such a bold, striking contrast of coloration makes this peaceful bottom feeder a particularly handsome addition to the home aquarium.
Growing to an adult length of approximately 8 inches, the gold nugget pleco appears in pet shops typically between 2 and 3 inches in size. Know that the 3-inch specimen you purchase today could more than double in size. Also know that this species is an extremely long-lived aquarium fish. Specimens living in excess of 25 years are not unheard of. Unlike many species of plecostomus, which may grow to over two feet in length, this jewel stays small throughout its lifespan. A 30-gallon or larger tank should be enough room for one for its entire life.
Like most plecos, the gold nugget is not a picky eater—both vegetable and meaty fare are taken with relish. Vegetable-based flakes or pleco-specific pellets/flakes work well, as do cubes of freeze-dried brine shrimp or bloodworms. Diet may be supplemented with wheels or wedges of zucchini squash dropped (weighted down, as they tend to float) directly into the tank. Another benefit to adding this brilliantly colored species to your tank is that it is extremely peaceful and will coexist well with virtually any other species that can tolerate the pleco's water chemistry requirements.
Speaking of water chemistry requirements, this is one of the few drawbacks to keeping this species. It requires warmer water temperatures and softer water than most community tropicals. The gold nugget pleco should be housed under the following conditions: pH 6.7 to 7.5, KH 1.0 to 10.0, and temperatures of 78° to 87°. See what I mean? While many species can mix with the pH requirements of the gold nugget pleco, the low water hardness and very high temperature requirements make for a narrow pool of potential tankmates. South American cichlids and tropicals hailing from the Amazon Basin are great community choices for mixing with the gold nugget pleco.
Of course, not all the golden and yellow fish on the market are so difficult to acquire. There are plenty of low-priced pet shop staples that can give you the nuclear color blast you're looking for. The family Poeciliidae has two such species: the swordtails and the fancy guppies. These long-time favorites of both young and old hobbyists alike come in all manner of golds and yellows, and they can easily, and inexpensively, add a solar flare of beauty to your aquarium. Since I've already covered fancy guppies in a previous article, I will discuss only the swordtails here, but do note that if your aquarium community is peaceful enough to support them, the fancy guppies are a wonderful choice.
Cousin to the guppies is the swordtail. Hailing from Central America, the swordtail is a wonderful little species that tends to blend very well in the tropical community tank. Drawing its common name from the long, sword-like projection of rays growing on the lower edge of the caudal fin, this species is peaceful and seldom exceeds 5 inches in length. As is typical of community tropicals, the males are the smaller and much more elaborately colored of the two sexes. Sexual dimorphism exists in that the males alone have swords on their tails.
These fish come in both designer and natural colors. Most natural specimens are olive in coloration, while many pet shop varieties have been bred for their golds, yellows, and oranges. Particularly handsome specimens may be a creamy, lemon meringue color with a black-edged sword of the same color. Conversely, I have seen many specimens wearing radiant coats of golden hues highlighted in softer yellows and even silvers. The swordtail is truly an often-unsung beauty in the freshwater world.
Maintain swordtails under water conditions similar to those preferred by guppies. Keep the pH around or just above neutral and the water hardness moderate, with the temperature in the middle to upper 70s.
As is true of the guppies, the swordtails have some special considerations. Tail nippers, such as fish in the family Cyprinidae, can be dangerous tankmates for the swordtails, as these animals may find the flashy yellow swords of your new fish too tempting to pass up. Likewise, the swordtails are prone to ailment. Bacterial infections caused by stress and poor water conditions are common in this species. Such stress may be greatly reduced by providing your fish with aquarium salt. Indeed, all members of the Poeciliidae family fare better in aquariums with some salt in the water. These fish are also sensitive to ammonia spikes and, when stressed, are prone to both bacterial

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Smokey the Elephant
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Smokey was an 11 foot-tall, 7 ton African bull elephant who was housed at the Oakland Zoo in California for over 25 years. He was well-known for being one of three male elephants in North America capable of breeding and he was also known for killing one of the zoo's animal keepers in 1991. The trampling death of the zookeeper led to new methods of caring for elephants in captivity that did not require the trainers to be in direct contact with the animals. Smokey passed away in 2001 from an unknown illness.
DeFao, J. (2012). Popular 28-Year-Old Elephant Dies at Oakland Zoo. Retrieved from
Oakland Zoo's sickly African elephant dies 'Smokey,' one of North America's onlybreeders, had been sick for weeks. (2017). Retrieved from
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Kafirin is a prolamin protein unique to sorghum grain. To make kafirin viable for commercial development there needs to be an optimised extraction process. For this purpose insight is needed into how the process is affected by the extraction temperature, grain/solvent ratio, grain/solvent contact time, and various amounts and types of reducing agents and extraction aids. Such insights are currently unavailable.
Significant insights into the extraction of kafirin were gained by performing extractions under various conditions to determine how extraction parameters affected the extraction process. Extraction temperature, grain/solvent ratio, grain/solvent contact time and various amounts and types of reducing agents/extraction aids were tested to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The extraction aids tested were acids (glacial acetic acid, citric acid and phosphoric acid) and metal bisulphite complexes (sodium metabisulphite and potassium metabisulphite) were tested as reducing agents.
Using a bench-scale extraction setup, the following important results were obtained.
? With regard to the commercialization of the process aqueous ethanol is the most promising solvent and was used throughout the study.
? The maximum amount of protein after extraction was roughly 45 g of protein for 1 000 g of grain out of a total kafirin content of roughly 62 g. This is an extraction efficiency of 70 - 75 % based on the total amount of kafirin available in the grain. Acids were found to have a limited role in the extraction process and can be excluded.
? The quantity of metalbisulphite complex used played a large role in the extraction process, reducing the yield by about 50 % when absent. The type of metalbisulphite used, however, did not play a role.
? The grain/solvent contact time was deemed to be the most important factor, with the highest yield occurring somewhere between 10 and 20 min.
? After 20 min the yield decreased due to increased solvent retention.
The solvent retention and increased filtering time associated with the drop in yield were investigated. The weakened hydrogen bonding in the starchy endosperm made it possible for the starchy material to bond to other starchy particles or less likely the solvent, and was most likely the mechanism of solvent retention and thickening of the slurry. This increased solvent retention resulted in approximately 50 % of the total solvent being retained; which was discarded with spent grain. At 20 min the solvent retained was roughly 12 % of the total original solvent used.
Further study is recommended with regard to:
? The mechanism of thickening to determine whether there are chemical or mechanical methods which would overcome the thickening and increased solvent retention
? The recovery, purification and subsequent reuse of ethanol
? Investigation into the mechanism that is responsible for the increased filtration time and whether this is related to the tannin-protein complex formation as the literature suggests
? The viability of the spent grain in agricultural applications such as cattle feed or fertiliser
? The effect of changes mentioned in this thesis on the end-use of the protein, e.g. film making quality
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2016.


Ms Valencia Mogashoa
MSc student
Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Primary Supervisor
Sanushka Naidoo
My project focuses on predictive models for disease resistance whereby, we employ vibrational spectroscopy tools such as Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) and Near infrared (NIR) coupled with multivariate analysis tools such as SIMCA to classify plants into phenotypic groups as resistant or susceptible to a particular pathogen. This allows rapid identification of resistant phenotypes against certain pathogens thus saving time and allowing for more specific disease management as well as quicker incorporation of resistant phenotypes in breeding programs.


Pulling back the curtain on the PBS
All Australians will rely on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, or PBS, at some point in their lives. But how much do Australians understand about the system the Federal Government uses to provide access to medicines and vaccines?
GSK and ViiV Healthcare have collaborated to 'pull back the curtain' on the PBS with a video and report that explain how the Government assesses new medicines and vaccines to make sure they are cost-effective before they are paid for in Australia.
As the Australian population continues to grow and age, and there are more advances in science, there will be an increased demand on our healthcare system to continue to fund the medicines and vaccines we need to keep us healthy. If we all have a better understanding of that system, we'll be in a better position to help shape it in the future.
Download GSK and ViiV Healthcare's report - The PBS in Australia - an explainer on system components
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(Newser) – Human activity contributed to climate change long before the Industrial Revolution, according to new research. Scientists analyzing ice core samples from Greenland found a spike in emissions of the greenhouse gas methane during a 200-year period around 2,000 years ago, when the ancient Roman and Chinese empires were at their peak, reports the Los Angeles Times. Researchers believe the rise was caused by the widespread use of charcoal as fuel and the burning of large areas of forest to clear farmland.
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Csóka, György and Kovács, Tibor (1999): Xilofág rovarok - Xylophagous insects. Hungarian Forest Research Institute. Erdészeti Turományos Intézet, Agroinform Kiadó, Budapest, 189 pp.
Mn: Nagy nyárfacincér / En: Large poplar longhorn
22-31 mm. Occurs in Europe, in the Caucasus and Siberia. Widespread in Hungary but only locally abundant. Sometimes a pest in poplar (Populus) and willow (Salix) forests. The female lays her eggs singly in small holes excavated in the bark at the base of the tree, where they overwinter. On hatching the larvae chew their way into the heartwood where they excavate vertical galleries 20-30 centimetres long. This greatly reduces of the value of the timber. They pupate in June at the lower end of these galleries. The adult emerge after 2-3 weeks and spend a further 1-2 weeks maturing in the pupal chamber. Several individuals can develop in the same trunk. Development takes 2-3 years. Adults can be found from late June until September on the trunk and branches of the foodplant, and on wood piles. Adults show maturation feeding behaviour on leaves of the same trees. Attracted to lights. Piles of frass and woodchips (as for the goat moth Cossus), and sometimes dying adults, can be found at the base of infested trees.


text: Traditionally, object retrieval methods require a set of images of a specific object for training. In this paper, we propose a new object retrieval method using a single query image, without training, for a global object. The query image could be a typical real image of the object. The object is constructed based on Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) points acquired from the image. Information of relative positions, scale and orientation between SURF points are calculated and constructed into an object model. The ability to match partially affine transformed object images results from the robustness of SURF points and the flexibility of the model. Occlusion is handled by specifying the probability of a missing SURF point in the model. Experimental results show that this matching technique is robust under partial occlusion and rotation. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed method improves efficiency, speeds up recovery and reduces the storage space.


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Purpose. The long-term efficacy of carotid artery stenting is debated. Predictors of stent restenosis are not fully investigated. Our aim was to assess the incidence of long term restenosis after CAS and to identify some predictors of restenosis. Methods. We retrospectively selected 189 treated patients and we obtained the survival Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival, for freedom from stroke or death and from restenosis. To correlate clinical, radiological, and procedural variables to stent restenosis, an univariate analysis was performed while to determine independent predictors of restenosis, a multivariate analysis was applied. Results. At 1, 3, and 5 years, the cumulative overall survival rate was 98%, 94%, and 92% with a cumulative primary patency rate of 87%, 82.5%, and 82.5%. The percentage residual stenosis after CAS and multiple stents deployment were independent predictors of restenosis, while diabetes and tumors are suggestive but not significant predictors of restenosis. Conclusions. In our CAS experience, encouraging long-term results seem to derive from both neurological event free rate and restenosis incidence. Adequate recanalization of the treated vessel is important to limit the development of stent restenosis. Multiple stents deployment, and with less evidence, diabetes, or neoplasms has to be considered to facilitate restenosis.
|Autori:||Cosottini M; Michelassi MC; Bencivelli W; Lazzarotti G; Picchietti S; Orlandi G; Parenti G; Puglioli M.|
|Titolo:||In stent restenosis predictors after carotid artery stenting.|
|Anno del prodotto:||2010|
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI):||10.4061/2010/864724|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|


Free «The Proper Usage of Quotes» Essay Sample
I can positively say that my life hero is Mother Teresa. This woman is definitely one of the brightest personalities in history. Her life is an example of humanity, kindness and generosity. Because Mother Teresa helped people in spite of what kind of disease they had and what social class they belonged to, not asking them for money. Her kind heart was willing to help all suffering people around, and she did everything what was in her power could to achieve that.
Along with it, she was just an ordinary person, but her deeds made the whole world notice them for they were full of good intentions and spirit of kindness. Just as Shakespeare wrote long time ago:
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
So are the deeds of Mother Teresa, which shine in history of our civilization. The light of her deeds has been spreading until now. It keeps on inspiring people and teaching them good.
 As for me, having Mother Teresa as my hero, I'm trying to make my deeds shine, because I believe that this light can warm people around and make their life brighter.
Explanations of the usage of the quote
In this essay I've illustrated the usage of a quote, picked from the works of Shakespeare. I have used this quote in my essay, because it helps readers to understand the significance of good deeds, in particular Mother Teresa's deeds, in the history of humanity. Also with the help of the metaphors, taken from this quotation, I was able to describe my own feelings more colorfully and make the essay much easier for the reader to understand.
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Optimizing Memory Consumption in Deep Learning
Over the last ten years, a constant trend in deep learning is towards deeper and larger networks. Despite rapid advances in hardware performance, cutting-edge deep learning models continue to push the limits of GPU RAM. So even today, it's always desirable to find ways to train larger models while consuming less memory. Doing so enables us to train faster, using larger batch sizes, and consequently achieving a higher GPU utilization rate.
In this document, we explore techniques for optimizing memory allocation for deep neural networks. We discuss a few candidate solutions. While our proposals are by no means exhaustive, these solutions are instructive and allow us to introduce the major design issues at play.
Computation Graph
First, let's revisit the idea of the computation graph. A computation graph describes the (data flow) dependencies between the operations in the deep network. The operations performed in the graph can be either fine-grained or coarse-grained. The following figure shows two examples of computation graphs.
Comp Graph Example
The concept of a computation graph is explicitly encoded in packages like Theano and CGT. In other libraries, computation graphs appear implicitly as network configuration files. The major difference in these libraries comes down to how they calculate gradients. There are mainly two ways: performing back-propagation on the same graph or explicitly representing a backwards path to calculate the required gradients.
Backward Graph
Libraries like Caffe, CXXNet, and Torch take the former approach, performing back-prop on the original graph. Libraries like Theano and CGT take the latter approach, explicitly representing the backward path. In this discussion, we adopt the explicit backward path approach because it has several advantages for optimization.
However, we should emphasize that choosing the explicit backward path approach doesn't restrict us to symbolic libraries, such as Theano and CGT. We can also use the explicit backward path for gradient calculation of layer-based (which ties forward and backward together) libraries. The following graph shows how to do this. Basically, we introduce a backward node that links to the forward node of the graph and calls the layer.backward in the backward operations.
Backward Layer
This discussion applies to almost all existing deep learning libraries. (There are differences between libraries, e.g., higher-order differentiation, which is beyond the scope of this topic.)
Why is the explicit backward path better? Let's explain it with two examples. The first reason is that the explicit backward path clearly describes the dependency between computations. Consider the following case, where we want to get the gradient of A and B. As we can see clearly from the graph, the computation of the d(C) gradient doesn't depend on F. This means that we can free the memory of F right after the forward computation is done. Similarly, the memory of C can be recycled.
Backward Prune
Another advantage of the explicit backward path is the ability to have a different backward path, instead of a mirror of forward one. A common example is the split connection case, as shown in the following figure.
Backward Agg
In this example, the output of B is referenced by two operations. If we want to do the gradient calculation in the same network, we need to introduce an explicit split layer. This means we need to do the split for the forward pass, too. In this figure, the forward pass doesn't contain a split layer, but the graph will automatically insert a gradient aggregation node before passing the gradient back to B. This helps us to save the memory cost of allocating the output of the split layer, and the operation cost of replicating the data in the forward pass.
If we adopt the explicit backward approach, there's no difference between the forward pass and the backward pass. We simply step through the computation graph in chronological order and carry out computations. This makes the explicit backward approach easy to analyze. We just need to answer the question: how do we allocate memory for each output node of a computation graph?
What Can Be Optimized?
As you can see, the computation graph is a useful way to discuss memory allocation optimization techniques. Already, we've shown how you can save some memory by using the explicit backward graph. Now let's explore further optimizations, and see how we might determine reasonable baselines for benchmarking.
Assume that we want to build a neural network with n layers. Typically, when implementing a neural network, we need to allocate node space for both the output of each layer and the gradient values used during back-propagation. This means we need roughly 2 n memory cells. We face the same requirement when using the explicit backward graph approach because the number of nodes in a backward pass is roughly the same as in a forward pass.
In-place Operations
One of the simplest techniques we can employ is in-place memory sharing across operations. For neural networks, we can usually apply this technique for the operations corresponding to activation functions. Consider the following case, where we want to compute the value of three chained sigmoid functions.
Inplace op
Because we can compute sigmoid in-place, using the same memory for input and output, we can compute an arbitrary-length chain of sigmoid functions using constant memory.
Note: it's easy to make mistakes when implementing in-place optimization. Consider the following case, where the value of B is used not only by C, but also by F.
In-place trap
We can't perform in-place optimization because the value of B is still needed after C=sigmoid(B) is computed. An algorithm that simply does in-place optimization for every sigmoid operation might fall into such trap, so we need to be careful about when we can use it.
Standard Memory Sharing
In-place operations are not the only places where we can share memory. In the following example, because the value of B is no longer needed after we compute E, we can reuse B's memory to hold the result of E.
Normal Sharing
Memory sharing doesn't necessarily require the same data shape. Note that in the preceding example, the shapes of B and E can differ. To handle such a situation, we can allocate a memory region of size equal to the maximum of that required by B and E and share it between them.
Example of Real Neural Network Allocation
Of course, these are only toy examples and they address only the computation of the forward pass. But the same ideas apply to real neural networks. The following figure shows an allocation plan for a two-layer perceptron.
Net Alloc
In this example:
 - In-place optimization is applied when computing act1, d(fc1), out and d(fc2).
 - Memory is shared between d(act1) and d(A).
Memory Allocation Algorithm
So far, we've discussed general techniques for optimizing memory allocation. We've seen that there are traps to avoid, as demonstrated in the case of in-place memory optimization. So, how can we allocate memory correctly? This is not a new problem. For example, it is very similar to the problem with register allocation in compilers. There might be techniques that we can borrow. We're not attempting to give a comprehensive review of techniques here, but rather to introduce some simple but useful tricks to attack the problem.
The key problem is that we need to place resources so that they don't conflict with each other. More specifically, each variable has a life time between the time it gets computed until the last time it is used. In the case of the multi-layer perceptron, the life time of fc1 ends after act1 get computed.
Net Alloc
The principle is to allow memory sharing only between variables whose lifetimes don't overlap. There are multiple ways to do this. You can construct the conflicting graph with each variable as a node and link the edge between variables with overlapping lifespans, and then run a graph-coloring algorithm. This likely has $O(n^2)$ complexity, where n is the number of nodes in the graph. This might be too costly.
Let's consider another simple heuristic. The idea is to simulate the procedure of traversing the graph, and keep a count of future operations that depends on the node.
 - An in-place optimization can be performed when only the current operation depends on the source (i.e., count==1).
 - Memory can be recycled into the box on the upper right corner when the count goes to 0.
 - When we need new memory, we can either get it from the box or allocate a new one.
Note: During the simulation, no memory is allocated. Instead, we keep a record of how much memory each node needs, and allocate the maximum of the shared parts in the final memory plan.
Static vs. Dynamic Allocation
The preceding strategy exactly simulates the dynamic memory allocation procedure in imperative languages, such as Python. The count is the reference counter for each memory object, and the object gets garbage collected when the reference counter goes to 0. In that sense, we are simulating dynamic memory allocation once to create a static allocation plan. Can we simply use an imperative language that dynamically allocates and deallocates memory?
The major difference is that static allocation is only done once, so we can afford to use more complicated algorithms. For example, we can search for memory sizes that are similar to the required memory block. The Allocation can also be made graph aware. We'll talk about that in the next section. Dynamic allocation puts more pressure on fast memory allocation and garbage collection.
There is also one takeaway for users who want to rely on dynamic memory allocations: do not unnecessarily reference objects. For example, if we organize all of the nodes in a list and store then in a Net object, these nodes will never get dereferenced, and we gain no space. Unfortunately, this is a common way to organize code.
Memory Allocation for Parallel Operations
In the previous section, we discussed how we can simulate running the procedure for a computation graph to get a static allocation plan


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Home Articles 8 Reasons to Dump a Mutual Fund
8 Reasons to Dump a Mutual Fund Research Team | Posted On Wednesday, April 08,2009, 01:25 PM
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8 Reasons to Dump a Mutual Fund
Reasons to Dump a Mutual Fund
Many financial advisors and academics do not advise selling stocks and mutual funds when prices are dropping during bear markets. If you can just hold on from side to side thick and thin, they argue, you are likely to enjoy returns better than any other asset class over the long run.
Though, there are occasions when selling a mutual fund might be acceptable. Buy and hold is not everlastingly. Here we glance at the top eight reasons for selling a mutual fund.
1. Portfolio Rebalancing
Over time, trends in financial markets may cause asset allocations to diverge from desired settings. In other words, some mutual funds can nurture to a large proportion of the portfolio while others shrink to a smaller proportion, exposing you to a different level of risk.
To avoid these possibilities, the portfolio can be rebalanced periodically by selling units in funds that have relatively large weights and transferring the proceeds to funds that have relatively small weights. Under this rule, the time to sell equity mutual funds is when they have enjoyed high-quality gains over an extended bull market and the percentage allocated to them has drifted up too high.
2. Mutual Fund Changes or Mismanagement
Mutual funds might change in a many number of ways that can be at odds with your original reasons for buying. For an instance, a star portfolio manager could jump ship and be replaced by someone missing the same capabilities. Or there may be approach drift, which arises when a manager gradually alters his or her investing approach over time. (For more insight, check out Focus Pocus May Not Lead to Magical Returns and Must You Follow Your Fund Manager?)
Other signals to move on include an increasing trend in annual management expense ratios (MERs) or a fund that has developed large relative to the market. If the fund has developed large compared to the market, managers could have difficulty differentiating their portfolios from the market in order to earn above-market returns.
3. Investor Growth
As you gain more and more experience and you can acquire more and more wealth and hence you may outgrow mutual funds. With larger wealth comes the ability to buy enough individual stocks to achieve adequate diversification and avoid MERs. And with superior knowledge comes the confidence to do it yourself, whether it is actively picking stocks or buying and holding market indexes through exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
4. Life Cycle Changes
Although stocks historically have been the best investments to own over the long run, their instability makes them untrustworthy vehicles in the short term. While retirement, children's post-secondary educations, or some other funding requirements approach, a good idea is to shift out of stock-market funds into assets that have more certain returns, such as bonds or term deposits, whose maturities coincide with the time that the funds will be needed.
5. Mistakes
Every now and then, investors' due diligence is incomplete and they end up owning funds they otherwise would have not purchased. For an instance, the investor might discover that the fund is too impulsive for their tastes, a closet-index fund with a high MER, or invested in undesirable securities.
Portfolio errors might also have been dedicated by the investor. A frequent mistake is over-diversifying with too many funds, which can be difficult to keep tabs on and can tend to average out to market performance (less fund fees).
Another common misstep is to puzzle owning a large number of funds with diversification. A large number of funds will not smooth out fluctuations if they tend to move in the same direction. What's desirable is a collection of funds, of which some can be expected to be up when others are down.
6. Valuation
Shift out of mutual funds to rebalance your fixed portfolio allocations by using a stretchy or opportunistic approach. A common valuation benchmark is the price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio); for U.S. stocks, it has averaged 14 to 15 over time, so if it rises to 24 to 26, valuations are overextended and the risk of a downturn is prominent.
7. Something Better Comes Along
Selling on every occasion something better came along. In the mutual fund territory, some funds can come onto the market with innovations that are better at doing what your fund is doing. Or, over time, it may become obvious other portfolio managers are performing better against the same benchmarks.
8. Tax Reduction
Mutual funds held in taxable accounts might be down significantly from their purchase price. They can be sold to understand capital losses that are used to offset taxable capital gains and thus lower taxes.
If the sale was exclusively to realize a capital loss for taxation purposes, the investor will want to re-establish the position after the 30-day period necessary to avoid the superficial-loss rule. The investor might take a possibility that the price will be the same, lower or might choose to hold a proxy for the fund's price movement.
Tax-loss selling tends to take place during August to late December. That's also the era when many funds have anticipated the capital gains and income they will be distributing to investors at year end. These amounts are taxable in the hands of the investor, so a supplementary reason to sell a losing fund from the tax point of view may be to avoid a large year-end distribution that would entail paying additional taxes.
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Language Teachers' Opinions on the Usage of Children's Literature Works
Erhan SEN, Turkey, ID LLCE2016-325; Teachers could be a guide to the child readers for literary pleasure, appreciation, or reading habit in language and literature teaching. Their choices on literature works, recommendations on readings, or their chosen form both the child's reading habits and their in-course activities. In this line, the aim of this study is to analyze the Turkish Language Teachers' Opinions on the Usage of Children's Literature Works.
The audio recording data was collected from the Turkish teachers via "semi-structured interviews" basing upon "the Case Study" in Qualitative Research. The sampling consists of 10 teachers (5 female, 5 male). The data analysis was done by the method of content analysis. The following reasons for choosing the sampling are: 1. those taken the children literature courses at undergraduate or graduate degree (first and second degree), 2. Those graduated from any department of the education faculty, 3. Those having at least three-year teaching experience in an educational institution (state or private).
Keywords: Turkish language teaching, the teachers' opinions, children literature, case study, interview.


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Driers and Metallic Soaps
Pages: 8 Published: Jan 2012
METALLIC SOAPS ARE COMPOUNDS OF ALKALINE metals or heavy metals and monobasic carboxylic acids containing from 7 to 22 carbon atoms. The water-insoluble metallic soaps are of particular interest to the coatings industry, although potassium and lithium soaps have limited water solubility. Basically, the known techniques for preparation of metallic soaps are divided in two processes—a fusion process and a double decomposition process. The fusion process involves reacting a metal oxide or hydroxide with a fused fatty acid such as a triglyceride in the presence of water. The process yields the desired metallic soap and glycerin. The double decomposition process involves reacting an alkali soap that is comprised of an alkaline metal salt or an ammonium salt of a fatty acid with an inorganic metal salt. Both processes are usually carried out in a batch mode; and, as a result, a product contaminated with unreacted starting materials and by-products that must be further purified is formed. To obtain a product essentially free of contamination, a continuous process involving the double decomposition scheme has been devised. An aqueous solution of the alkali soap and an inorganic metal salt are separately fed onto a rotating impeller surface whereon they are instantaneously mixed. The resulting aqueous slurry is rapidly discharged and a contamination-free metallic soap results. Recently, a process for making basic zirconium carboxylates of branchedchain, fiveto ten-carbon, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids has been described. The compounds are useful as driers for paints and inks. The applications of metallic soaps in coatings include their use as driers, catalysts, stabilizers, biocides, bodying agents, and flatting agents. An overview of metallic soap applications is presented in Table 1. An interesting particular end-use for metallic soaps is in the formation of a thin metallic oxide coating on a substrate. A solution of the metallic soap is applied by reverse roll coating and then baked in a manner such that a thin, about 1–10 μm, film of the metallic oxide is formed. Although this chapter concentrates primarily on metallic soaps used as driers, a brief review of bodying and flatting applications for these materials is included.
Paper ID: MNL12185M
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.


Millennials and Hospitality
The Redefinition of Service
This booklet, created by Oracle Hospitality is a comprehensive guide about millenials' traveling characteristics, habits and trends. It covers subjects such as:
 - What they demand?
 - How to interact with millenials?
 - How do they use mobile technology?
 - How to they use their smartphones in a hotel setting?
 - And How can hospitality operators improve their use of technology?
Information in the booklet is also backed by statistical data and analysis. Opportunities revealed by the collected data are also pointed out.


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Content-oriented reading software for struggling readers
In 2003, The Nation¿s Report Card for educational progress showed that thirty-seven percent of fourth graders could not read at the most basic level. Further, poor readers are notoriously ¿disengaged¿ - they do not have the desire to read. These students need explicit instruction to improve their reading comprehension skills; however, few programs are available to older students and the available programs are often uninteresting or too difficult. Research suggests that long-term reading improvements come about through a balanced program, developing both reading competencies and intrinsic motivation. In Phase I of this multi-phase SBIR project, Active Artz will create and validate an instructional curriculum designed to instill the most successful reading strategies and motivate poor readers to become engaged readers. This content-based curriculum will be tested using fourth graders, identified as poor readers and chosen from a multicultural, low SES population. Formative testing will involve pre/post-test measures for reading comprehension and motivation using standard instruments. Curriculum material will be tested over a four-week trial. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics and t-test for correlated means. The objective is to demonstrate that this content-oriented, researchbased instruction has the potential to aid older, struggling readers and improve intrinsic motivation to read.
Small Business Information at Submission:
8435 Pepperridge Drive Colorado Springs, CO 80920
Number of Employees:


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Letter and Word Interactive Boom Cards
This bundle includes 3 decks to target language arts skills including:
- find the rhyming word
- find the missing letter in a word
- identify vowel vs. consonant
This product contains:
- over 60 digital task cards (broken up into 3 decks of 20-26 cards each)
What are Boom Cards?
Boom Cards are internet based, interactive activities that work great for distance learning! They are highly motivating, self paced, and self grading.
Accessing Your Boom Cards:
With this purchase, you will download to activate the Boom Cards. When you redeem your purchase, Boom Learning will ask you to create a free account if you do not already have one. After you activate your cards, they will live in the library of your Boom Learning teacher account.
How do students use Boom Cards?
After the teacher opens a free Boom Learning account, he/she will create fast play pins to assign Boom Cards to students. Students do not need an account to use the fast play feature.
Which Devices are Compatible?
Boom Cards™ play on most modern browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Edge) and devices including Android, iPad, iPhone, Kindle Fire, and Chromebook.
You may assign Boom Cards to your students through Google Classroom. In the teacher account, you will be able to get a link for each deck.
Saving Student Data:
Boom Learning also has premium accounts. Premium accounts offer advanced assignment tools, individual and whole class performance tracking, and more.
If you are a new Boom Learning customer, when you redeem your Boom Cards purchase you get 90-day free trial of a premium account. When your trial ends, you can renew or move to a free account. Free accounts use Boom Cards with Fast Play pins. Free accounts do not save student data. Read here for details: _URL_
**All products are delivered digitally to your inbox for you to print out & prep for use**


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IntraText CT - Alphabetical word list
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Each word is linked to its concordance. (See the directions on concordances)
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To search for a word, e.g. "home":
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What is a Slushie Machine?
A slushie, or also known as a slush, slushy, or slushee, is simply flavored ice. It comes in different kinds of drinks, including frozen carbonated beverages, symbolized by the Slurpee or ICEE. Aside from those, there are also frozen coffee drinks and frozen alcoholic drinks, and other more conventional slush drinks. You can also find instant slush drinks that are formed via super-cooling.
The difference between a slushie and other frozen drinks is that ice never freezes into cubes or blocks. It just remains as tiny icy crystals. This becomes possible by using a slushie machine. A slushie machine is a type of blender that we usually see in convenience stores and fast-food restaurants that serve frozen carbonated beverages. But have you ever wondered how these machines work? How do they turn beverages into a slush? If you are also curious, then read on to know more about what a slushie machine is and how it works.
History of the Slushie Machine
Machines that are used to make frozen beverages were invented in the late 1950s by Omar Knedlik. The idea for making a slushed ice drink was thought of when Knedlik's soda fountain got broken. This forced him to put his sodas in a freezer to keep them cool, but that caused them to become slushy. Well, that wasn't a problem because lots of people loved the slushy sodas. Therefore, he thought about making a machine that can help to make a slushie, slush, or Slurpee.
The slushie machine that Knedlik invented soon became popular, that's why he decided to hire Ruth E. Taylor to create a marketing name and logo for his invention. Taylor came up with the name ICEE, and she also designed the original logo, which is still used in the present time. The very first slushie machines made use of an automotive air conditioning unit.
7-Eleven started anauthorizing deal with the ICEE company in 1965 to sell the product under certain conditions. One of the conditions was that 7-Eleven must use a different name for the product. The other condition was that the company was only allowed to sell the product in 7-Eleven locations in America, this was a non-compete clause to ensure that the two drinks never went head to head for distribution rights. In 1967, 7-Eleven then sold the product, which became known as the "Slurpee".
Today, slushie machines come in different varieties, and they are very popular in many different stores and restaurants. They are even famous at parties where alcohol is added in making frozen cocktail drinks.
a slushie machine that features different flavors
How Do You Use a Slushie Machine?
Slushie machines mix up the drink flavoring, which is usually a mixture of water, sugar, flavor, and coloring. While most alcohol drink makers require you to insert ice cubes into the machine to be crushed or shaves, a slushie machine uses water instead, to make the icy slush from scratch.
However, if you will be using a small home slushie machine, most of them do not have the freezing capabilities like the ones for commercial use. Therefore, you will need to insert some crushed ice to make some homemade slushies. Though, this might not have the same icy consistency compared to store-bought slushies.
To make a slushie, water is placed into the machine, and then it's turned on to churn. It takes about 30 to 60 minutes to make the basic slush. This depends on the size of the machine, and as well as the size of the holding container for the finished product.
How are Flavorings Added in a Slushie Machine?
Early manually-operated slushie machines crush the ice after the flavored syrup was added as the drink was placed into a paper cup. But modern slushie machines, on the other hand, add syrup to the ice in the machine so that it gives out the slush in ready-to-drink form.
When adding some flavorings in a slushie machine, the syrup is measured using a mixing vat or bottle. Then, a preset amount of water is added. It is then shaken to mix the two liquids. After mixing, it is poured into an opening either at the back or top of the slushie machine. The fluid will then go into the cooling cylinder, and the icing will start. More modern slushie machines supply the mixture from an opening on the front of the machine, which can be operated by a valve.
How Do Slushie Machines Maintain Slush?
It is quite simple to use a slushie machine, but you might also wonder how it maintains the slush after it is made. Many commercial slushie machines are stored in a metal cabinet because of the amount of use they receive from self-serve customers. But there are also other slushie machines that store the icy drink in a glass or plastic container that is attached to the top of the freezing unit. These machines are usually dispensed by employees. Meaning, they receive less abuse from the customers.
Slushie machines have a compressor and a sealed cooling cylinder. To maintain slush, the ice drink mixture is continually circulated in the storage area by a circular auger or sometimes plastic mixing paddles. This helps in retaining the texture of the ice mixture at a temperature that will not allow additional freezing or melting. Slushie machines also have a thermostat on the front or side of the unit. This allows you to change the temperature for the perfect mix.
A slushie machine is a pretty interesting drink maker. Know that you know what a slushie machine is and how it works, maybe you might want to try hiring a slushie machine when you throw a party, or maybe buy your own machine to make some cool and refreshing slushie anytime at home.


The differences between the code for the emulator and the code for a real device
The Android developers can use Sensor Simulator to test their applications, in particular when they use sensors such as accelerometer or compass.
In this post I explain the differences in the code for an activity that runs on the emulator or a real device, and I don't discuss how to install or launch the emulator, for those topics you can refer to Sensor Simulator.
Switching from the emulator to the real device and vice versa you need to make some code changes and these changes can be divided into 4 points.
 1. different imports
 2. connection to the simulator in the onCreate method (this part is missing in the current code for the device)
 3. different listeners in the onResume method
 4. different ways to get the type of sensor in the onSensorChanged method
Here below I write the code with which you can connect to the emulator, to switch to the code for the real device comment the lines between
/ / **********
and uncomment the lines between
If you don't want to use AsyncTask to connect to emulator, you can replace
To get other info you can see this post.
The line
may also be necessary for the emulator, for example because you have to get the rotation matrix (getOrientationMatrix method) or spatial orientation (method getOrientation).
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We are pleased to announce the winner of the FWSA 2016 Book Prize competition: Dr Deborah Withers. Thanks to everyone who participated and helped make the competition a success. Further information about the FWSA Book Prize competition can be accessed online here.
2016: Dr Deborah Withers for 'Feminism, Digital Culture and the Politics of Transmission: Theory, Practice and Cultural Heritage'
Feminism, Digital Culture and the Politics of Transmission argues that despite the prevalence of generational narratives within feminism, the technical processes through which knowledge is transmitted across generations remain unexplored. Taking Bernard Stiegler's concept of the already-there as its starting point, the book considers how the politics of transmission operates within digital culture. It argues that it is necessary to re-orient feminism's political project within what is already-there so that it may respond to an emergent feminist tradition. Grounded in the author's work collecting and interpreting the music-making heritage of the UK Women's Liberation Movement, it explores how digital technologies have enabled impassioned amateurs to make 'archives' within the first decade of the 21st century. The book reflects on what is technically and politically at stake in the organization, and transmission of digital artefacts, and explores what happens to feminist cultural heritage when circuits shut down, stall, or become diverted (Rowman & Littlefield International Ltd).
Focusing on the digital and on the project of bringing to life a specific archive, the musical legacy of the Women's Liberation Movement, the book asks what is at stake in the creation, sharing and reproduction of archives and artefacts, and how political movements are constituted through practices of transmission. It raises provocative questions about what it means to create archives, the work involved in making dormant archives live and breathe, to care for digital archives so that they have a future, raising important points about the feminist politics of resisting a dominant 'systemic stupidity' in an innovation-obsessed digital culture that favours short-term accessibility over longevity. In particular, I appreciated its creative challenge to the fashionable tendency to dismiss the work of the Women's Liberation Movement, and to refuse the current notion of such work as, as the author puts it, 'off-limits'.
— Judge's comment
Withers very successfully examines how knowledge is transmitted within digital culture. Using a feminist approach, her arguments concerning how values and knowledge are transmitted are very convincing. This book is apposite, accessible and informative.
— Judge's comment


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This article provides a discussion on forging methods, melting procedures, forging equipment, forging practices, grain refinement, and critical factors considered in forging process. It describes the different types of solid-solution-strengthened and precipitation-strengthened superalloys, namely, iron-nickel superalloys, nickel-base alloys, cobalt-base alloys, and powder alloys. The article discusses the microstructural mechanisms during hot deformation and presents processing maps for various superalloys. It concludes with a discussion on heat treatment of wrought heat-resistant alloy forgings.
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Peter Grandby
Read time:
8 Minutes
Last updated
August 27, 2020
What is company health insurance?
Company health insurance gives your employees access to private healthcare in the UK should they ever need it. By avoiding potential delays on NHS waiting lists and having more treatment options, they'll be better and back to work as soon as possible. Remember, much the same as private medical insurance, you should always compare your options at medical insurance renewal time.
Do we need small business health insurance?
Health insurance is one of the most sought after paid benefits from prospective employees. Providing medical insurance to your team will protect them should the worst happen, but also demonstrates your commitment to their health and wellbeing.
Benefits of business health insurance for employees:
 - Access to high quality treatment at a time that suits them
 - They'll be seen quicker and avoid potential delays on NHS waiting lists
 - Choice over treatments and specialists
 - Access to medicines which may not be available on the NHS
 - Mental health protection and help managing stress
Benefits of business health insurance for employers:
 - Reduce absenteeism, get unwell employees back to work sooner
 - Stand out in the employment market by providing a sought after benefit
 - Lessen employee turnover and improve staff retention
 - Look after your staff and create a culture where every employee's wellbeing is important
benefits of small business health insurance
What does small business health insurance cover?
Like private medical insurance, business health insurance will only cover acute conditions, meaning those which can be cured with medical treatment. Chronic conditions, which aren't curable, or conditions for which you've recently received treatment for, won't be covered.
Inpatient treatments - included as standard in most policies
Basic health insurance will typically cover the treatment of acute conditions where a hospital bed and overnight stay is required -commonly called inpatient treatment. While this gives your employees access to potentially faster treatments, they would still need to be diagnosed through the NHS first.
This isn't always an issue, but if there is a waiting list for a certain diagnostic test and your team member's problem is deemed as non-urgent, they could find themselves waiting for diagnosis and therefore have their treatment delayed.
Outpatient diagnosis and treatment
Outpatient diagnosis and treatment covers the cost of initial investigations and tests into acute conditions and treatments where an overnight hospital stay isn't required. The level of outpatient cover you provide your staff is up to you, but as you would expect, the more you provide, the higher the premiums will be. You could choose to include outpatient cover in full; limit it to a cash value per year (typically £1000) or exclude it entirely to keep the cost of the policy down.
Comprehensive cover will of course vary from provider to provider, but essentially it will give your staff full access to both in and outpatient treatments, alongside private diagnostics and testing, to establish a diagnosis quickly.
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Why small businesses benefit most from private medical insurance
Most large corporations provide health insurance to their employees and it has almost become standard practice for them have policies in place. But it's actually smaller businesses that can benefit most from company medical insurance. These are the top benefits of health insurance to small businesses:
Reduce staff absenteeism
If you have a small workforce and one of your key team members is signed off for even a short period of time, it can seriously affect the performance of the business. Business health insurance helps get your team better quicker, reducing disruption and keeping the business on track.
Attract new employees
While it may be common for large employers to offer private medical insurance to staff, it isn't widespread amongst smaller businesses. That means there is an opportunity to stand out from the crowd, demonstrate your commitment to your people and hopefully attract the brightest talent.
Reduce stress
Stress in some form is inevitable today, and it's likely members of your team will suffer from stress or other mental health issues at some point. Many small business health insurance policies include mental health support as standard and others give you the ability to add it as an optional extra.
How is small business health insurance taxed?
Small business health insurance is paid for by the company with pre-tax profit. Most often, the cover is a business expense and not liable for corporation tax. Health insurance is, however, a P11D/benefit in kind for the employee receiving it. That means that the employers are required to fill out a P11D form and declare it to HMRC, with employees then being taxed accordingly.
The cost of small business health insurance
How much does small business health insurance cost?
The cost of your company's medical insurance policy will be impacted by a number of factors which we have detailed below. Some of these you will have control over, whereas others you won't.
Cost of health insurance for a small business
The cost of cover will vary depending on a range of factors, but we want to give you an example so you can get a ballpark idea of costs. Assuming there is £1,500 outpatient cap, a £100 excess on the policy and a mid-tier hospital list, you could expect to pay around £60 per employee-per-month for a 10 employee company and around £40 per employee-per-month for a 50 employee company. As we say, there are many variables which will affect this price so please take it as just an example and speak to us to get your own quotes.
1. The number of people you want to cover
You can choose the number of people within your business that you would like to cover with the health insurance policy. It could just be yourself and another director, or your entire team. Either way, you have control over who has this benefit.
2. The average age of the group
The average age of your employees will directly impact the cost of the policy. While it may be tempting not to include junior team members on the policy, adding them will bring the average age down and therefore positively impact the premium you pay.
3. The type of underwriting chosen
The three most common types of insurance underwriting for small businesses will consider the risk of your application in different ways. The most common is Moratorium, then Full Medical Underwriting and finally Medical History Disregarded, when you speak to your myTribe account manager, he or she will make sure the best type is chosen for your requirements.
4. The level of cover you choose
You have control over the level of cover you provide your employees. As mentioned earlier on in this article, this could range from full in and outpatient cover to only inpatient cover, with of course there being variations in between. To limit the cost of the policy you could choose to put in place a cash maximum for outpatient services, or add an excess to the policy.
5. Your company's location/s
Where your offices are based will impact the cost of covering your employees for a number of reasons.
6. Your industry and employee occupation
As you would expect, the industry you and your employees work in and their occupations will affect the cost of your small business health insurance. If you work in construction for instance, there is a higher risk of injury in comparison to office workers and the premium will reflect that.
7. Optional additions you may choose
There are a number of optional extras you could choose to add to your policy. With some insurers that could be mental health cover, whereas with others that may be included as standard.
Private medical insurance for a business owner
For small business owners, directors and single employees, you can take out a policy which is paid for through the business and treated as a P11D benefit. Often, the company director is an invaluable asset within the small business and therefore ensuring that he or she is firing on all cylinders is vital.
The main types of company health insurance underwriting
We previously mentioned that underwriting is a significant factor in the price of your company's health insurance policy, in this section, we outline the three main types of underwriting and their associated benefits and disadvantages.
Full Medical Underwriting (FMD)
Full medical underwriting is often the cheapest option for companies looking to arrange health insurance. It involves each of your employees completing a detailed medical questionnaire and in some cases, the insurer writing to your employees GPs to gain an accurate understanding of their medical history. The great thing about full medical underwriting is that everyone knows exactly what is or isn't going to be covered up front. The insurer will clearly point out when an employee's historical condition leads to an exclusion and will equally be open to discuss and review those exclusions at a later date. The drawback of full medical underwriting is that it is extremely time consuming and unless you have less than five employees, it's a route we would tend to advise against.
Moratorium Underwriting
Moratorium underwriting is the most common type of both company and private medical insurance underwriting. The reason for that is the insurer effectively defers the underwriting process until such time a claim is made. Moratorium underwriting will cover your employees on the basis that any pre-existing conditions which have been present in the past five years will be automatically excluded. In the event of a claim, the insurer will look at your employees' medical history to determine whether or not they will pay the claim. This approach is often far more attractive to small businesses, as the amount of paperwork and the time it takes to get a policy in place is significantly reduced. However, it does mean that your staff won't know if they are covered until such time as they make a claim. As we mentioned, it is the most commonly used but it is important to understand its limitations.
Medical History Disregarded (MHD)
Medical History Disregarded does as the name suggests and disregards your employees' medical history and covers them for


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- 0-200A 3 phase output.
- Accurate true RMS digital metering (200A-3PH/ED).
- Accurate true RMS analogue metering (200A-3PH/E).
- All outputs fully isolated.
- Multi-function 1ms resolution timing system.
- Auxiliary AC output.
- Electronic over-current protection (ED only).
- Compact and portable.
T&R Test Equipment is a market leader in the field of current injection equipment. The range includes single phase units with 100A-6000A output capability and three phase systems up to 200A. All have true RMS metering, a flexible timing system, and an easy to understand user interface.
The 200A-3PH test system provides commissioning and maintenance engineers with a compact, portable and flexible system for the testing and timing of protective relays, circuit breakers and thermal overloads. The unit is equally at home testing solid state or electro-magnetic relays, and has a rating suitable for testing thermal trips.
Two versions of the unit are available: the 200A-3PH/E with analogue metering, and the 200A-3PH/ED with digital metering. In both cases the meters read true RMS and have independently selectable ranges for each channel.
The outputs are isolated and independently variable, and allow the injection of currents up to 200A. The outputs on the digitally metered version are protected by electronic over-current trips and fuses, whereas the analogue unit has fuse protection only.
The timing system on the 200A-3PH is flexible and exceptionally easy to use, allowing trip times to be measured to a high degree of accuracy. Units with auxiliary contacts may be timed using the 'NC' or 'NO' timer modes, and devices with no auxiliary contacts may be timed using the current operated mode. The unit is ideal for testing the following devices:
- Over and under current relays.
- IDMT relays.
- Thermal overloads.
- Magnetic circuit breakers.
The units may also be used in conjunction with the DVS3 digital voltage source to test protection systems requiring three voltages and three currents. Protection that may be tested in conjunction with the DVS3 includes:
- Directional relays.
- Distance protection.
- Power relays and transducers.


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Integrated Condition Monitoring Solutions
for Wind Industry
Importance of Integrated Reliability Maintenance for WTGReliability is important with all rotating machinery. In the case of wind turbines, if the turbine stops then it is no longer generating electricity, and therefore it is not earning revenue for the wind farm owner.
Random wind speeds, and occasional high wind speeds affect the input-side of the gearbox. Changing load conditions on the generator affect the output-side of the gearbox. Wind turbines must potentially operate in corrosive sea air or in freezing conditions where icing becomes a problem.
Resonance of the blades and tower can contribute to reliability issues, and misalignment is a significant issue given the flexibility of the foundations.
Technologies for Reliability issue in WTG and the advantages of the same.
- Ultrasonic services–For YAW & PITCH bearings, Electrical & Mechanical Components
- Vibration Analysis-For Drive train components
- Laser AlignmentFor drive train
- Infrared Thermography-For Transformer, Generator, Electrical panels
- Oil Analysis - For Transformer
- Lube Oil Analysis-For Gearbox
- Grease Analysis-For Main Bearing & Generator bearings
- Ferrography-For Gearboxes machine condition
- Non Destructive Testing-For Casted &Forged components.
- Endoscopy Inspection - For Gearbox & Main Bearing
Ultrasound Inspection - Technology being used only by MVS ACMEIUltrasound instrument will provide the necessary informations to the maintenance team about various electrical & mechanical symptom parameters & its condition.
Typical Applications of UltrasoundMECHANICAL INSPECTION:
- Lack of Lubrication / Failure
- Beginning of Fatigue Failure
- Brinelling of Bearing Surfaces
- Slow speed/VFD
- Prevent Over Greasing
- Partial Discharge
Vibration Analysis for Drive train
- Vibration can be a good indicator of the operating conditions of a range of mechanical components and structures and thus can support condition monitoring of important wind turbine components such as the rotor, drive train components and tower.
- Analysis of vibration signals in both the time and frequency domain can be used to identify incipient failure of these components.
- But the vibration sensor and analysis methods for tower and drive train components are different. For the Tower, Main Bearing, because the vibration frequency is quite low, a low frequency sensor (0–200 Hz) and an appropriate model based analysis method are used.
- For Drive train components Main bearing, Gearbox, Generator, a high frequency acceleration sensor (3–20 kHz) and fast Fourier transform (FFT), Cepstrum methods are used.
Shaft Alignment for Drive train
- Misalignment most affects the main bearings, gearbox and generator of wind turbines.
- The high-speed shaft between a gearbox and generator is a critical point of failure. Their misalignment a leading cause.
- Laser Alignment are a fast, easy, and accurate when used to align drive train components.
- A precision shaft alignment at install and periodic checks can help prevent drive train component failures, up-tower repairs, and catastrophic failures.
Thermography for Electrical & Mechanical components:
- Safety from hazardous accident.
- Non-contact method. Useful for far away targets.
- Can be done from safe distance.
- Night viewing possible.
- Done on live equipments.
- Time saving method.
- Pin points the thermal abnormality.
Boroscopic inspection of Gearbox & Main bearing:
- Boroscope inspections are visual inspections in places inaccessible to the human eye with the help of an optical device, the borescope.
- The borescope, also called videoscope or video boroscopy, a device is long and thin, flexible tube. Inside this tube is a telescopic system with many lenses, which provide a high image definition. It is also equipped with a powerful light source.
- The resulting image can be seen in the apparatus main lens, on a monitor, or recorded on a video recorder for later analysis.
Grease Analysis & Oil Analysis
- Oil analysis is well established as a routine tool to optimize maintenance activities, improve reliability and equipment life and prevent component failures.
- As part of a comprehensive Condition Based Maintenance program, lubricant analysis is an effective complement to other diagnostic technologies such as vibration analysis, infrared thermography, ultrasonic detection.
- However, when the component is grease lubricated rather than oil lubricated, the important lubricant analysis piece is often left out of the mix. The reasons for this include challenges in obtaining samples that can be trended, as well as the large sample volumes required for most current standardized tests for greases.
Vibration Data Collection and AnalysisWe will be using the state of the art 4 channel data collector & the technical capabilities of the same as follows.
CSI 2140-4 Channel Vibration Data collector
All possible machine fault symptoms of rotating/reciprocating machines can be identified as mentioned below:
- Unbalance (static, couple, quasi-static)
- Misalignment (angular, parallel, skew)
- Mechanical looseness, structural weakness, soft foot.
- Bend shaft, Rotor eccentricity.
- Resonance, best vibration.
- Mechanical rubbing
- Problems of belt driven machines
- Journal bearing defects.
- Antifriction bearing defects (inner race, outer race, cage, rolling elements).
- Hydrodynamic & Aerodynamic forces (blade of vane, flow turbulence, cavitations)
- Gear problems (tooth wear, tooth load, gear eccentricity, backlash, gear misalignment, and cracked or broken tooth.
Vibration Severity Chart As per ISO 10816
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PERMISSIBLE VIBRATION STANDARDS
Ultrasonic Analysis for Slow Speed Bearing Analysis using UE 15000:Key Features:
- Ultraprobe 15,000 Touch Digital Ultrasonic Inspection System
- This advanced ultrasonic instrument can perform onBoard spectral analysis
- Record the sounds of test equipment,
- Measure and record temperature,
- Take photographs with flash,
- Store and manage data.
- The Ultraprobe 15,000 utilizes touch screen technology.
- This unique feature uses Icons to easily control and manoeuvre around any of the Ultraprobe's display screens.
- Touching the screen allows you to be able to view view decibel level, temperature, control sensitivity, change frequency, view an FFT and record sounds and images.
For detection and analysis of these failure modes:
- Switch gear
- Bus Brakes
- Bearing Conditions
- Rubbing Conditions
- Gears/Gear Boxes
- Lack of Lubrication / Over Lubrication
Laser Shaft Alignment of WTG Drive Train
Benefits achieved by Laser Shaft Alignment are:
- Significant Power saving can be through accurate alignment.
- Protects the WTG assets and increases product quality as the vibrations are reduced to very low levels.
- Extends the machine availability as the mean time between failure increases.
- Increase in maintenance savings as spare parts consumption is reduced.
- Increase in time savings and Decrease in consumption of manpower for carrying out alignment..
Infrared ThermographyThe infrared camera evaluates and converts heat energy into meaningful temperatures. Components in various states of failure will emit more heat as a direct result of more energy dissipated into the component.
This extra energy is caused by increased friction in mechanical devices, and higher resistance in electrical devices. For the following equipment thermography survey can be carried out.
|Drives, Couplings, Gears, Shafts.||Overheated bearings or rollers, misalignment of shaft or coupling, lubrication failure uneven pressure.|
|Motors||Overheating of windings and bearings, blockages in cooling passages, friction, damping, material deformations, brush contact problems, rotors|
|Pumps/Fans/Radiators||Overheated bearings, high compressor discharges temperature, high oil temperature, and broken or defective valve.|
|Heavy Duty Equipment - Bearings, Brakes, Hydraulics||Overheating brakes, tires, bearings, pulleys, gears, gear or pulley misalignment, and blockages in hydraulics.|
|Mechanical Drive Components||High lube oil temperature, high bearing temperatures, faulty stop/control valve operation, uneven metal temperature, leaking shaft seals|
|Valves: Shutoff Valves, Relief valves||Leakage, Blockage.|
|Electrical inspections and electrical equipment||Unbalanced loads, Eddy current heating, Improperly sized fittings, Broken strands; Bad connections, breakers, fuses; Overloaded conditions, Motor Control Centre components, Distribution lines, Cable trays/conduits|


Yes, lent is a Scrabble word!
Lent is a valid Scrabble word.
Table of Contents
Dictionary definitions of the word 'lent'
The meaning of lent
4 definitions of the word 'lent'.
 1. Bestow a quality on
 2. Give temporarily; let have for a limited time
 1. A period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday
What Scrabble words can I make with the letters in lent?
3 Letter Words
2 Letter Words
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to lent:
Unscramble the letters in lent
There are 6 words that can be made by adding another letter to 'lent'.
More words that can be made using the letters in lent


Constructive notice
Constructive notice,
Definition of Constructive notice:
 1. The law that is required (or required) by law and that one can obtain through general and reasonable research. For example, the buyer of a property (or a property affiliated with a registered or incorporated company) is required to know the legal status of the property (or business) from the documents available for public inspection.
 2. Notice of litigation in newspapers which is considered by law to be an appropriate notice for interested parties. See also actual and implicit information.
How to use Constructive notice in a sentence?
 1. ABC was constructively disappointed to learn that the car had been purchased from shift car dealers, Inc.
 2. You want to make sure you know what the construction review says and what the details are.
 3. The client constructively stated the time of arrival to inspect the property.
Meaning of Constructive notice & Constructive notice Definition


text:
Bluestripe Garter Snake
Scientific name: Thamnophis sirtalis similis ROSSMAN 1965
* Currently accepted name
* scientific names used through time
- Coluber Sirtalis LINNAEUS 1758
- Tropidonotus concinnus HALLOWELL 1852
- Eutainia sirtalis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
- Eutainia dorsalis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
- Eutainia infernalis — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
- Eutainia pickeringii — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
- Eutainia concinna — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
- Tropidonotus bi-punctatus – DUMÉRIL, BIBRON – DUMÉRIL 1854
- Eutanaeia [sic] sirtalis – SHARP 1890
- Eutaenia sirtalis – COPE 1893
- Tropidonotus ordinatus var. sirtalis – DE GRIJS 1899
- Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis CONANT 1958
- Thamnophis sirtalis – ROSSMAN 1965
- Thamnophis sirtalis similis ROSSMAN 1965
Description: Average adult size is 20–26 inches (50.8-66 cm), record is 39.25 inches (99.6 cm). Adults are olive–brown to blue–black with a light blue mid–dorsal stripe. There is an additional light blue stripe on each side of the body occupying the 2nd and 3rd dorsal scale rows above the belly. Frequently there are light tannish fleckings on each side between the mid–dorsal and lateral stripes. The belly is uniform whitish–blue. The scales of the upper lip are outlined with black markings. The scales are keeled, and there are 19 dorsal scale rows at midbody. The pupil is round. Juveniles are similar to adults.
A. Top of the head
B. Underside of the head (chin and throat)
C. Front (face view) of the head
D. Keeled scales
E. Side of the head
Range: In Florida, the Bluestripe Garter Snake occurs along the Gulf coast from eastern Wakulla County in the panhandle south to Hernando County in the central peninsula. It is not found outside of Florida.
Habitat: Commonly found in pinelands, hardwood hammocks, cypress strands, prairies, and marshes.
Comments: HARMLESS (Non-Venomous). The Bluestripe Garter Snake is terrestrial and active during the day. It is frequently found along the banks of canals and ditches, and around houses in residential areas. After heavy rains, it is sometimes found at night crossing roads in search of food. It feeds on earthworms, small fishes, frogs, and salamanders. It is live-bearing. See Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis).
Comparison with other species: The Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) has yellowish-tan stripes and lateral reddish-tan fleckings, along with a uniform whitish-green belly. The Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus) is thinner-bodied, has light colored lateral stripes occupying the 3rd and 4th dorsal scale rows above the belly, and lacks black markings on the scales of the upper lip.


text: In this study, we developed a novel three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell chip using a three-floor hierarchical 3D pyramid structure (3D pyramid) to simulate 3D tumor cell growth in vitro and to detect anticancer drugs. The proposed 3D pyramid-based cancer cell chip offered substantial advantages for the agglomerate formation of tumor cells, in which cells could be maintained as tumor spheroids for up to 3 weeks. Soon after HeLa tumor cells adhered to the micropatterned pillar sidewalls, they were suspended between the pillars based on scanning electron microscopy images. Treatment with the anticancer drug oleanolic acid resulted in 46.33% and 5.86% apoptotic cells on the 2D plate and 3D pyramid-based cell chip, respectively, compared with only 0.06% apoptotic cells in the control. The increase in chemoresistance to anticancer drugs in the 3D pyramid-based cell chip might be a result of cell confluence and hypoxia due to the spheroid formation of tumor cells in the 3D pyramid structure. These results indicated that the proposed cell chip could potentially be used for anticancer drug screening or can be incorporated into other models aimed at prolonging various cell functions in culture.


Coin Puzzle
How to play: The aim is to place 50 gold coins in the correct positions on the board. The numbers show the number of coins along each row and down each column and how they are grouped together. There is at least one empty space cell between groups and the groups are in order, so 1 2 1 means a single coin, some space, a group of two coins, some more space, another single coin. Click once on a cell to place a coin, twice to mark a definite space where you are sure there is no coin. A third click on the same cell clears it. Check progress with the Check button, get a Hint and toggle a Pause to take a break and hold the timer (which is only there to give you an idea how time is passing. If you really have to give up, just click on Give Up which shows the answer.
Back to the front page
History: The puzzle idea came from a Japanese graphics editor, Non Ishida, in 1987. She called her creations 'Window Art Puzzles'. Mr Tetsuya Nishio came up with the same idea independently. These puzzles all have hidden pictures and are known variously as 'Nonogram'(James Galgety) 'Griddler'(Telegraph Newspapers) 'Hanjie' and 'Picross' (Nintendo). However this is the basic Coin Puzzle with no hidden picture.


text:
Bryde's whale, tropical whale
Little is known about Bryde's whales and they are often confused with sei whales.
Possibly two (offshore and inshore), and maybe a third, dwarf subspecies around the Solomon Islands.
Up to 72 years.
Body length: 11.5-14.5m, Weight: 12-20 tonnes.
Bryde's whales are very similar to sei whales, but they have three longitudinal ridges on their head. The skin may be mottled and they are dark above with a light greyish underside. They have a deeply curved dorsal fin.
Bryde's whales live in all oceans, in the tropics and sub-tropics.
They feed on fish and krill.
This species lives singly or in pairs, but congregate loosely to feed.
The 2000 IUCN Red List class Bryde's whales as Data Deficient. They are thought to be locally common with a population of approximately 90,000.


text: During 1978-79, the Bureau of Mines surveyed the mineral potential of the west portion of Western Chichagof Island as part of the examination of the Western Chichagof and Yakobi Islands Wilderness Study Area, Tongass National Forest, southeast Alaska. The study included literature and claims records searches; field examinations of the reported mines, prospects, or claims; and field evaluation of geochemical anomalies noted by the U.S. Geological survey during concurrent investigations. Two mineralized areas were found. One, called the slocum arm molybdenum area, is estimated to have moderate potential for the development of porphyry or vein-type molybdenum deposits. The other, called the west coast gold area, is estimated to have moderate potential for the development of fault controlled gold-silver lode deposits.


text:
Detail Paraffin Wax
Paraffin wax Use for
* Coatings for waxed paper or cloth
* Food-grade paraffin wax:
o Shiny coating used in candy-making; although edible, it is nondigestible, passing right through the body without being broken down
o Coating for many kinds of hard cheese, like Edam cheese.
o Sealant for jars, cans, and bottles
o Chewing gum additive
* Investment casting
* Anti-caking agent, moisture repellent, and dustbinding coatings for fertilizers
* Agent for preparation of specimens for histology
* Bullet lubricant - with other ingredients, such as olive oil and beeswax
* Solid propellant for hybrid rocket motors
* Component of surfwax, used for grip on surfboards in surfing
* Component of glide wax, used on skis and snowboards.
* Friction-reducer, for use on handrails and cement ledges, commonly used in skateboarding
* Microwax: food additive, a glazing agent with E number E905
* Forensics aid: the nitrate test uses paraffin wax to detect nitrates and nitrites on the hand of a shooting suspect
* Anti-ozonant agent: blends of paraffin and micro waxes are used in rubber compounds to prevent cracking of the rubber; the antiozonant waxes can be produced from synthetic waxes, FT wax, and Fischer Tropsch wax
* Mechanical thermostats and actuators, as an expansion medium for activating such devices.
* "Potting" guitar pickups, which reduce microphonic feedback caused from the subtle movements of the pole pieces
* Wax baths for beauty and therapy purposes
* Thickening agent in many Paintballs, as used by Crayola
* An effective, although comedogenic, moisturiser in toiletries and cosmetics such as Vaseline.
* Prevents oxidation on the surface of polished steel and iron


text:
Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
A representation of intersection types in terms of pregrammars is presented. Pregrammar based rewriting relations, corresponding respectively to type checking and inhabitation are defined and the latter is used to implement a Wajsberg/Ben-Yelles style alternating semi-decision algorithm for inhabitation. The usefulness of the framework is illustrated by revisiting and partially extending standard inhabitation related results for intersection types, as well as establishing new ones. It is shown how the notion of bounded multiset dimension emerges naturally and the relation between the two settings is clarified. A meaningful rank independent superset of the set of rank 2 types is identified for which EXPSPACE-completeness for inhabitation as well as for counting is proved. Finally, a standard result on negatively non-duplicated simple types is extended to intersection types.
Year of publication: 2021


How pygeoapi works
pygeoapi is a Python-based HTTP server implementation of the OGC API standards. As a server implementation, pygeoapi listens to HTTP requests from web browsers, mobile or desktop applications and provides responses accordingly.
how pygeoapi works
At its core, pygeoapi provides a core Python API that is driven by two required YAML configuration files, specified with the following environment variables:
 - PYGEOAPI_CONFIG: runtime configuration settings
 - PYGEOAPI_OPENAPI: the OpenAPI document autogenerated from the runtime configuration
See also
Configuration for more details on pygeoapi settings
The core Python API provides the functionality to list, describe, query, and access geospatial data. From here, standard Python web frameworks like Flask, Django and Starlette provide the web API/wrapper atop the core Python API.
pygeoapi ships with Flask and Starlette as web framework options.


Canada | A final order adding plastic manufactured items to Schedule 1 of CEPA 1999 was published
Your substances
Plastic pollution is considered to be plastic that is discarded, disposed of, or abandoned in the environment outside of a waste management system (such as a recycling facility or a landfill).
In an environmental context, plastics are often categorized by size, with macroplastics being larger than 5 millimetres (mm) and microplastics being less than or equal to 5 mm.
The Government of Canada conducted a science assessment to summarize the current state of the science regarding the potential impacts of plastic pollution on human health and the environment, as well as to guide future research and inform decision-making on plastic pollution in Canada.
Related News


text:
There are endless ways to increase the production of ball mills, and ball mill manufacturers can try them, but in the pursuit of ball mill production methods, we must pay attention to scientific methods to create more economic benefits for the majority of ball mill customers, for this we must continue to work hard! Improve Various methods of ball mill output Many ball mill manufacturers are thinking about the same problem, that is, how to increase the output of the ball mill based on the original. Of course, SBM Mining Equipment Co., Ltd. also continues to summarize and improve, and then summarizes the following four methods To share with you:
First, reduce the particle size of the ore grinder into the grinding material, and the basic work must be done well, to control the moisture of the material into the mill, generally 1.5% ~ 1.8%.
Second, strengthen the management of grinding bodies, some of the grinding balls are steel balls, and some are steel forging. Manufacturers need to increase the grinding body loading capacity within a suitable range to a large extent. The steel balls in a warehouse must be smooth, high quality, and make up large balls in time. The second warehouse is mainly for grinding. The larger the surface area of the grinding body, the finer the grinding material.
- The ventilation inside the ball mill must be strengthened. This can cool the material inside the mill, improve the grindability of the material, discharge the water vapor in the mill in time, reduce the phenomenon of clogging of balls and rafters, and increase the flow rate of the material in the mill. Generally speaking, the wind speed of open-circuit mill is 0.7 ~ 1.2m / s, and the wind speed of closed-circuit mill is 0.3 ~ 0.7m / s.
Fourth, the structure of the ball mill is improved, and the air extraction device is installed in the exhaust pipe to reduce the over-milling of the material.


Bullying, Harassment, Discrimination, Misconduct in VICSES
While serving as a VICSES volunteer or staff member, have you experienced issues such as bullying, sexual harassment, discrimination, poor behaviour, cultural problems, unsatisfactory dispute or misconduct processes?
You may have been the target of bullying, or you may have witnessed bullying against someone else. You may have been the subject of a complaint, or have been the complainant. You may have been a witness or a whistleblower. We want to hear about what happened to you.
The survey is divided into various sections. You may answer all questions that are relevant to your circumstances. There may be more than one answer you wish to give; tick all that are applicable to you. There are text boxes for adding any additional statements.
Who is running this survey?
This survey has been commissioned by volunteers and staff representatives through the Victoria SES Volunteers Association (VIcSESVA) and the staff Union (CPSU) after multiple requests from their members. The survey seeks to hear directly from volunteers and staff about their experiences, in order to advocate for improvements.
Will VICSES know who I am?
No, the survey is completely anonymous and no identifying details will be collated or disclosed. Participants can provide frank and honest responses without fear of reprisals.
Who can complete this survey?
Any currently serving VICSES volunteer or staff member, or any past volunteer or staff member.
Why this survey, now?
VICSES is currently reviewing its regulations; this survey may provide relevant and timely information on how internal culture, behaviour, misconduct processes and dispute resolution is experienced by volunteers and staff.
 - Bullying is offensive, intimidating, malicious or insulting behaviour, an abuse or misuse of power through actions intended to undermine, humiliate, denigrate or injure the target.
 - Workplace bullying is verbal, physical, social or psychological abuse by your employer or manager, another person or group of people at work (Worksafe). Workplace bullying is repeated, unreasonable behaviour directed at an employee or group of employees that creates a risk to health and safety. Unreasonable behaviour does not include reasonable management action, such as discussions about work performance, as long as they are taken in a reasonable way. (Safe Work Australia Guide for Preventing and Responding to Workplace Bullying, Safe Work Australia, 2013).
 - Harassment is unwanted behaviour that intimidates, offends or humiliates a person. It may target personal characteristics such as race, age, gender, disability, religion or sexuality. Harassment may be persistent or an isolated incident. It can include being sworn or yelled at in the workplace, being threatened or even physically assaulted.
NOTE: bullying is repeated, whereas harassment can be experienced in a single incident.
 - Sexual harassment is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature which makes a person feel offended, humiliated or intimidated, where that reaction is reasonable in the circumstances [1]. It can include unwelcome hugging, kissing or other types of inappropriate physical contact, staring or leering, intrusive questions about your private life or physical appearance, unwanted invitations to go out on dates, requests for sex, or sexually explicit emails, calls, text messages or online interactions. Sexual harassment includes behaviour that makes the environment you are working in uncomfortable or threatening in a sexually hostile way, such as sexually offensive pictures or a culture of suggestive comments or jokes (Safe Work Australia).
 - Misconduct is any other form of inappropriate behaviour between or towards individuals which contravenes the values and codes of conduct of the organisation.
 - Discrimination is treating a person or group of people less favourably because of their characteristics, such as age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation.
 - Line manager or supervisor: if you are a staff member, you will be aware who your line manager is. For volunteers, your 'line manager' or direct supervisor may be your Controller or Deputy Controller. For Controllers, your Line Manager is the Regional Manager.
 - Worker: for the purposes of this survey, both volunteers and paid staff are all considered 'workers' in VICSES, if no other differentiation is given. Similarly, the SES 'workplace' is wherever work is conducted for paid employees (e.g. offices), or volunteers (e.g. the Unit LHQ or any other location where work is carried out).
[1] The Guide: Preventing workplace sexual harassment defines sexual harassment as any unwelcome sexual advance, unwelcome request for sexual favours or other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in circumstances where a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would anticipate the possibility that the person harassed would be offended, humiliated or intimidated. Legal definitions of 'sexual harassment' may vary in each state and territory.