Sliver space tolerance, what is it?
When calculating thermal loads must configure either the distance parameter "sliver space", so that the calculation engine Revit as we interpret the model created. Revit will distinguish two types of walls, interiors and exteriors, the only way I used to distinguish from each other is:
 - If a wall having spaces defined on both sides, is an inner wall.
 - If a wall is a space defined only one side is an exterior wall.
By modeling a building we can find small areas that do not need to define them as spaces (eg amount of facilities), but nevertheless, if we do can cause Revit interpreted as exterior walls, walls that are not. The parameter "sliver space" is to avoid this error.
A brief video explaining.
Ground plane and project phase
We must never forget to check on that level has awarded the parameter "ground plane" in the dialogue of thermal load calculations, after review we will cause all the walls that are below this level are considered in contact with land like a conventional basement.
Below is a brief video editing this parameter and the "project phase".
Family for electrical panel in Revit MEP
[google tranlation]
Setting up an electrical system in Revit MEP requires the adaptation of certain families to the standards in force in the country to perform the project. The following short video explains how to be the most appropriate configuration of the family of a panel board for the Iberian Peninsula. In previous articles explaining how to set a light to be accepted by an electrical panel and a system in Revit MEP. I leave you with the video.
"building type" settings
"building type" parameter
For the calculation of thermal loads, the first thing to define is the use to which it will be allocated the building, in the following video shows how to assign this use.
Creating zones
Creating a project zona's is important, since the areas, unlike the spaces are those with the most important parameters defining the study of thermal loads, such as the setpoint temperature cold and heat, or flow rate of air exchange.
The following video shows how to create a zone.


For Success, You Have to Build Synergy
Statue of Lib Pyramid
We all know the United States of America as the only super power that has ever been but this is not true. Go back in history and study how many super power nations have been there. You will be surprised to find out that the continent that is now currently the poorest on planet earth was once a super power. Yes Africa. So what made Africa and or any other superpowers successful? The answer is simple, they build team synergy.
Think of the Roman Empire, British Empire which is also considered to be the most influential and effective superpower in history. On this post I am only going to focus on Africa as the then super power. Egypt a country that is today run by guns was once at the level of America in dominance and power. It ruled Africa and its neighboring countries mostly under the influence of kings and pharaohs.
We all have a dream of one day taking a trip to Africa to tour the stunning architectural work that was put in building the Egyptian Pyramids. These are some of the stamps of authority that we can trace about Pharaohs. Historical analysis tells us that the Egyptians built the Giza Pyramids in a span of 85 years between 2589 and 2504 BC.
It is estimated that some pyramids took up to 100,000 people to build yet it goes down in history that Pharaohs build the pyramids. One thing that these pharaohs knew was how to build team synergy. Thy knew that thy could not do it a lone and therefore they used other people to implement their dreams. Unfortunately most people who took part in building pyramids were slaves but nobody talks about them. Everybody thanks and wonders at the marvelous works of pharaohs yet I am sure they hardly placed a brick to build the most astounding architectural work in the history of the world.
Pharaohs dominated and oppressed people until they saw their dreams come true. In the world today, we do not have to practice that to see our dreams come true but we can pick a team of qualified people to implement our dreams for us. No successful person does it a lone. We need people and that is why human beings are social beings. There are some people who know more than we know, some are gifted in different fields that we are. Let us give them a chance to shine. This does not mean that we are going to be successful by randomly places people in our work environment.
We have to select the right people for the right jobs. One of the most important knowledge and wisdom every leader or entrepreneur should have is the ability to pick the right people for the right jobs. Just as Pharaohs picked wisely their architects, engineers and slaves who were strong, skilled and proficient, we also need to follow suit but with one thing in mind. That we have to create opportunity for growth to people who serve with us. Add value in their lives and not turn them to slaves.
Let them enjoy what they do, let them love their work place and above all motivate them to go extra miles. Treat your people with love because they are the ones who build team synergy that results into success. You need people, you can and will not do it a lone.
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electric, and everything that they touch becomes electrified.
Some people deaden every
thing they touch. Some people bring every thing alive.
Imagine a world in which music is playing all the time.
Imagine hearing a song in every breath you take, in every
step you make. Imagine a life in which every move you feel
the inner rhythm.
As we enter the "Shabbat of song" we are imbued with the
power to turn our lives into one extended symphony.
High time to start singing.
Will you electrify your corner of the world or will you dampen it?
* * *
Question for the Week: What does
music mean for you?
a question for future weeks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The short one max genetic algorithm example is very similar to one max example. The only difference is that it makes use of the algorithms module that implements some basic evolutionary algorithms. The initialization are the same so we will skip this phase. The algorithms impemented use specific functions from the toolbox, in this case evaluate(), mate(), mutate() and select() must be registered.
tools.register("evaluate", evalOneMax) tools.register("mate", toolbox.cxTwoPoints) tools.register("mutate", toolbox.mutFlipBit, indpb=0.05) tools.register("select", toolbox.selTournament, tournsize=3)
The toolbox is then passed to the algorithm and the algorithm uses the registered function.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Pronunciation: (rīkhs'rät"), [key]
1. Ger. Hist.the upper house of the parliament during the period of the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic.
2. Hist.the legislature or parliament in the Austrian division of Austria-Hungary. Also,Reichs'rath".
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.


text:
Abstract： The term "risk-domain specificity" refers to the domain-specific nature of risky decision making due to the presence of factors that are particular to a certain content domain. Based on classical risky decision making theories stemming from laws of expectation, risk-taking propensity is domain-general. On the other hand, substantial evidences from past studies indicate that risk-taking propensity is domain-specific. The literature on risk-domain specificity has witnessed considerable progress in terms of mechanisms, measurements, and independent variables. Theoretically, early mainstream mechanisms deconstructed risk behavior based on a risk-return framework, whereas recent studies have validated the mechanisms with new sets of evidence and explained risk-domain specificity from the perspectives of evolution, personality and motivation. In terms of measurements, Domain-specific Risk Taking Scale (DOSPERT), as a dominant scale, has been further validated in various cultures, content domains, and groups. In comparison, other scales based on different content domains have been proven to be consistent and valid. In terms of independent variables, the regularity of risk-domain specificity has been proposed from various perspectives, such as genetics, environment and individual differences. Future research may focus on content domain integration and theory validation in detailed content domains as well as exploring regularity and mechanisms of risk-domain specificity at an individual level.
岳灵紫, 李纾, 梁竹苑. 风险决策中的领域特异性[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(5): 928-938.
YUE Ling-Zi, LI Shu, LIANG Zhu-Yuan. New avenues for the development of domain-specific nature of risky decision making. Advances in Psychological Science, 2018, 26(5): 928-938.


text:
- Safety & Precautionsn
Safety is of utmost importance at and all efforts are made to ensure the safety of our customers and employees alike. All our Liquid Petroleum Gas cylinders, regulators and pipes will conform to the prescribed norms as laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
For the benefit of our customers we have set aside guidance issued by and is aimed at users of Industrial, Commercial & Domestic LPG. Follow our instructions and those from the appliance manufacturer.
If you smell gas or suspect a leak :
1. Stop all LPG operations immediately.
2. Switch off and disconnect the gas supply valve off from the cylinder.
3. If the smell of gas is indoors, open all doors and windows and ventilate at floor level and all low level areas.
4. Do not switch on or off any lights or electrical equipment, smoke or use naked flames.
5. Activate the Emergency Management Plan.
6. Ring the my gas emergency service Landline No: _PHONE_ 0635
If a fire occurs :
1. Dial 101 immediately to call the Fire Brigade. Ensure you tell them an LPG tank is on the premises.
2. Leave the premises and go to a safe place.
3. If safe to do so, shut all valves on the tank, and the emergency control valve, outside your property.


There is NO lifeguard on duty. Swimming is at your own risk!
 1. NO Alcohol is allowed in the clubhouse
 2. NO Glass containers are allowed anywhere around the pool or hot tubs.
 3. Swimsuits ONLY. NO shorts, cut-offs,T-shirts or street clothes. Babies MUST wear swim diapers to prevent contaminating the water.
 4. No Diving.
 5. No Pets.
 6. Children under 12 must be accompanied by an adult.
 7. Pool Toys are allowed. NO car tire inner tubes, rafts, kayaks, etc. are allowed.
 8. Management reserves the right deny use of the pool and hot tubs.
 9. In case of an emergency dial 911.


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Information contained on this page is provided by companies via press release distributed through PR Newswire, an independent third-party content provider. PR Newswire, WorldNow and this Station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith.
Games and Books Help Parents and Kids Play With Math Anytime and Anywhere
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., March 4, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Tumblehome Learning (THL), a non-traditional transmedia publishing company, announced today a collaboration with education research organization TERC to publish a 'Mixing in Math' suite of games and activities. Developed at TERC and based on work funded in part by the National Science Foundation, these additions to the THL product line of science books and games include the book Food Fights, Puzzles, and Hideouts and the sets of games Jump Ship and Blockade.
Spanning the key topics in the elementary grades' Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, the products help parents, homeschooling families, librarians, and afterschool providers engage children ages 4-12 in the math of everyday activities. Priced at $10.95 and under, the affordable resources for math learning can be ordered from _URL_.
Food Fights, Puzzles and Hideouts presents hundreds of full-color interdisciplinary math games, projects, and activities that can be done at home, at after-school programs, at school, or'mixed in' to car rides, snack times, and parties. With the card deck Jump Ship players get nine fast-paced games and 22 different levels of play. Blockade packages eight dry-erase board games for 2-4 players and offers 28 game options.
"Creativity, play, and socializing are important ingredients in learning just about anything and that belief is behind the design of these products," says Marlene Kliman director of the Mixing in Math group at TERC. "The collaboration with THL will really expand our reach and provide greater access to these accessible and engaging resources."
"At Tumblehome Learning we want to inspire children to learn more about the natural and human-made world around them and to see themselves as young scientists and engineers. Mixing in Math is a natural addition to our offerings. The games help build foundational skills in mathematical reasoning essential for science investigations and adventures," says THL co-founder Penny Noyce.
Mixing in Math has been extensively piloted with children, parents, and informal educators, including after-school providers, librarians, and family numeracy providers. Independent evaluation shows that the materials improve attitudes about math and build math skills and engagement among adults and children. Mixing in Math has been featured on Mom's Homeroom, a resource website for parents sponsored by MSN and Frosted Mini-Wheats.
About TERC: For more than 40 years, TERC has been introducing millions of students throughout the United States to the exciting and rewarding worlds of math and science learning. TERC is an independent, research-based organization dedicated to engaging and inspiring all students through stimulating curricula and programs designed to develop the knowledge and skills they need to ask questions, solve problems, and expand their opportunities. Visit _URL_ for more information. Mixing in Math has been funded in part by the National Science Foundation, (ESI-_PHONE_, ESI-_PHONE_, ESI-_PHONE_).
About Tumblehome Learning: Tumblehome Learning helps kids imagine themselves as young scientists or engineers and encourages them to experience science through adventure and self-guided discovery. Formed in 2010 by a group of dedicated STEM activists, writers, and software and curriculum developers, Tumblehome has been publishing STEM fiction and non-fiction adventure and mystery tales and fun experiments designed to engage students ages eight and up. Visit _URL_ for more information.
CONTACT: Ken Mayer, TERC, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


First of all, I know, don't reinvent the wheel... But there's a good reason for this.
So I have been implementing a generic 2 factor authentication code generation/validation algorithm in order to re-use it in multiple applications and also make it stateless (the algorithm doesn't need to store anything in the database, and it doesn't require any user data at all.)
The application using the code is responsible to set a payload and validate it within the generic 2 fa process.
So here's how it would work...
1 - Application requests a new 2FA code passing down a payload:
1.1 - payload: arbitrary data, such as a user id and application id.
1.2 - a random 7 digits code is created (using crypto secure random libraries)
1.3 - an expiration time is selected, i.e. 3 minutes from current time, expressed as epoch time in seconds.
1.4 - data: (expiration, payload, code)
1.5 - data is encrypted using AES CTR with a randomly generated IV of 128 bits and a secret key
1.6 - both encrypted data and IV are digested through an HMAC that uses another secret key, in order to sign these two values.
1.7 - final token: 'base64 encrypted data : IV : signature'
1.8 - the token is returned to the user UI (such as a mobile app or login webiste)
1.9 - the code is sent through SMS or Email
2 - Application submits the original token, and user provided code to the backend
2.1 - token is decoded, and signature is validated
2.2 - token is decrypted, expiration checked, and user code is compared against the token code
2.3 - payload is returned to the application, which performs any additional validation such as fetching a user from the user id in the payload, etc...
Is this broken? You might ask why not just store the 7 digits code in the database, but the whole idea is to make this completely stateless and generic.
Also note: The endpoint for token generation/validation should be throttled in a way that it can't be brute forced.
 - You'd be better off building it and open sourcing it so people can poke at it – Anthony Russell Jul 5 '18 at 20:26
 - Well I wanted to validate mostly the security of this, would it be easy to break it? Is something wrong with the process? People with good security knowledge can probably quickly point out if there's a flaw in any of the steps that would render the whole code generation useless. – Cristiano Coelho Jul 5 '18 at 20:57
 - I can't tell you if there's any flaws in it without seeing the code. Someone could describe to me a TLS handshake lib they wrote that's to the letter but then botch the implementation. – Anthony Russell Jul 5 '18 at 21:00
 - _USER_ You can review the TLS specification for security issues without looking at implementations. – AndrolGenhald Jul 5 '18 at 21:02
 - Tell that to the person that implemented the Heartbleed bug _USER_ – Anthony Russell Jul 5 '18 at 21:02
After thinking about it for 15 minutes, and assuming it's implemented correctly and the applications using it use it correctly, the only minor problem I can come up with is a language one:
1.8 - the token is returned to the user UI (such as a mobile app or login website)
UI implies it is presented to the user. The user has no need to see the token, it should just be returned to the user client, which submits it without the user ever having to see it. This is of course a very minor issue as it doesn't really do any harm for the user to see it, it's just not really necessary.
Of course, you probably want someone better than me thinking about it for more than 15 minutes.
Personally I expect that once a significant enough percentage of people are using 2FA (and enough places support 2FA), phishers will start using proxies like Evilginx, which OTP solutions are vulnerable to. As far as I know the only 2FA method that prevents this right now is U2F, which requires storing a public key for each user.
I don't believe it's even possible to prevent this type of phishing without storing a public key, secret, or something similar per user. If I were implementing 2FA I would try to make it compatible with U2F, or at least try to design it so that U2F or a future method could be easily added if desired.
Also note that neither SMS nor email have strong guarantees that they won't be intercepted. At least with TOPT or HOTP you could use something like Google Authenticator that, while still vulnerable against a malicious proxy, at least doesn't have to send a code that could be intercepted.
 - You are right about the language issue, I really meant returning to the client, the token should never be seen. Interesting stuff with Evilginx, but if man in the middle attacks are possible this way, don't you think your site has much worse problems? Either way you will end up with a session token somewhere that can be stolen with this. – Cristiano Coelho Jul 5 '18 at 21:50
 - _USER_ If by "don't you think your site has much worse problems?" you mean that the possibility of MitM means you've misconfigured something then no, it's not a traditional MitM. It's still phishing, so you have to get the user to click a link to gaagle.com, which Evilginx proxies to google.com. Both the user's connection to gaagle.com and gaagle.com's connection to google.com are secure and correctly configured. – AndrolGenhald Jul 5 '18 at 21:56
 - I see, well leaving phishing aside. I know about SMS/Email also not really being secure (it's still better than nothing though). Would a third option through a mobile app push notification make this slightly better? Just like facebook sends you the codes there. I know it won't be as good as google authenticator or a real OTP but the main goal is to still avoid saving any kind of data server side. – Cristiano Coelho Jul 5 '18 at 22:44
 - _USER_ That might be a little better if it's unencrypted, if you can encrypt push notifications then it's much better. – AndrolGenhald Jul 9 '18 at 13:31
It looks like "I don't want to walk one kilometer, so I will walk one hundred kilometers instead". Saving seven numbers in a database, or flat file, or anything is way easier, and generic too. Your solution is not stateless, as the state is sent to the client.
I would definitely not use your system, it's full of moving parts. If you will send a token to the user by email or SMS, just save it and compare later. A small sqlite database is enough, and there are libraries for using it in almost every language. You would have a database like this:
[userid | token | expiration ]
|192 | _PHONE_ | 2018-07:15 10:11:12|
|723 | _PHONE_ | 2018-07:15 15:24:33|
To prevent the database from getting too big, you could run a job every hour or so to delete the expired tokens.
You can simplify the system a little and get rid of the cleanup job by using a proper TOTP. Create a database with the userid and the key. When the user wants to authenticate, you ask for the token. The user will open Google Authenticator, Authy, 1Password, Enpass or whatever TOTP client he uses. When the user submits the token, you calculate and validate the token. There are a lot of TOTP libraries available too, for almost every language.
To use the second approach, you will only add a very small sqlite database and a library to your application. I think the overhead is very small, and simplifies your process a lot.
 - The idea is to not use any database at all, such that the code can be easily deployed on AWS Lambda for example and have it re-used by multiple applications under the same company. The fact that you need to store a user - token pair is already awful and not generic enough. What if you want more metadata? Maybe I didn't explain exactly the objective of having this as generic as possible – Cristiano Coelho Jul 5 '18 at 20:55
 - You can use DynamoDB for storing the token and easily deploy on AWS. If storing a username and token is awful, I imagine how simple your application have to be. – ThoriumBR Jul 5 '18 at 21:01
 - Well it doesn't matter if it's simple or not, but the idea is to avoid this. Just having a token going back and forth isn't that much worse than storing data in a database. IMO it's better than having to use an additional database service and also implement maintenance on it to clear old data. The actual code is really very, very simple and short, probably shorter than writing the SQL queries or boto3 dynamo db calls and a maintenance job. – Cristiano Coelho Jul 5 '18 at 21:07
 -


text:
An excerpt from _URL_ archives copyright © 2000 - 2013
Where did the German Thoman family come from? What is the German Thoman family crest and coat of arms? When did the Thoman family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Thoman family history?Bavaria, Germany is the ancestral home of the Thoman family. The Thoman surname evolved as a local name for a family that lived in Bavaria.
One can encounter great variation in the spelling of surnames: in early times, spelling in general, and thus the spelling of names was not yet standardized; and later, spellings would change with branching and movement of families. Variations of the name Thoman include Thoma, Thoman, Thom, Thoms, Toma, Thomas, Tomas, Thomasius, Thoeman, Thome, Thomen, Thomme, Thomm, Demel, Dehmel and many more.
First found in Bavaria, where this surname surfaced in mediaeval times as one of the notable families of the region. From the 13th century onwards the name was associated with the great social and economic evolution which made this territory a landmark contributor to the development of the nation.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Thoman research. Another 204 words(15 lines of text) covering the years 1635, 1655, 1669, 1728, 1746, 1775, and 1776 are included under the topic Early Thoman History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 53 words(4 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Thoman Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Thousands of German settlers came to North America between the mid-17th and mid-20th centuries. The hardships of the long voyage were balanced by the opportunity to escape poverty and religious persecution. The descendents of these settlers still populate the states of Pennsylvania, Texas, New York, Illinois, and California. Many also live in Ontario and the prairie provinces of Canada. An inquiry into the early roots of North American families has revealed a number of immigrants bearing the name Thoman or a variant listed above:
Thoman Settlers in the United States in the 18th Century
The Thoman Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Thoman Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 27 October 2010 at 14:01.
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation.


text:
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The energy systems based on renewable resources face several acceptance difficulties mainly due to high initial costs and to low final incomes. A way to improve the effectiveness of these systems is the use of more than a source of energy, mainly when the employed sources present some type of complementarity. An interesting combination is obtained with the use of hydro and solar energy resources, that it allows to take advantage of the complementarity among two sources and it allows to investigate the storage of energy in water reservoirs and in batteries. The configurations with a bus in cc would assist demands of until 1 kW to 2 kW, while configurations involving a bus in ca evidently would reach larger powers. This article discusses PV hydro hybrid systems, characterizing some configurations, discussing operation strategies, commenting on the effects of the complementarity in time among the energy sources and evaluating that complementarity in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brazil, besides presenting preliminary estimates of costs.
Latin America Transactions, IEEE (Revista IEEE America Latina) (Volume:6, Issue: 7 )
Date of Publication: Dec. 2008


text:
Say for example v = <3,4>
I was taught to divide each component by the magnitude in order to get the unit vector, i.e.
3^2 + 4^2 = ||v||^2
5 = ||v||
So the unit vector of that vector is <3/5,4/5> or 1/5<3,4>
But if I forgot that I had to divide the components by the magnitude, I would not know how to get the unit vector. So I guess I am asking why you divide the components by the magnitude in order to get the unit vector?


Natural Family Planning (NFP) for the Unmarried
NFPI am writing about Natural Family Planning (NFP,) right? Yes! Over the past few months, I've joined a new wave of Catholic women who are exploring NFP for their own personal knowledge, health, and well-being without a fiancee or spouse by our side. Why should single, unmarried Catholic women learn NFP? Because, designed by God, our female bodies are amazing and intricate while our natural cycles should be monitored and understood.
1.) Types of NFP:
There are multiple NFP methods researched, studied, and accepted by the Catholic Church. Each method charts fertility bio-markers. I learned the Creighton Method. Why? Because the Creighton Method is the MOST comprehensive and scientific system for diagnosing and treating Women's Reproductive Health issues, i.e., Naprotechnology.
2.) Creighton NFP: No Chemicals Added
Creighton uses the most comprehensive bio-markers to chart fertility and infertility while tracking changes in a woman's cycle that could indicate reproductive health or fertility issues. With the knowledge gleaned from charting, I could consult a Naprotechnology specialist and potentially treat and heal concerns. Another benefit of NFP is that there are no harmful side effects, chemicals, or synthetic hormones. Charting is inexpensive too, especially once the system is learned
3.) Learning NFP Lingo
Welcome to NFP, where women and men's natural bodily function is not a bad, dirty phenomenon. But, yes, you, your trainer, and your significant other must learn to discuss and identity the amazing phenomena of mucus (it's pretty amazing,) and how it plays into fertility, infertility, and health issues. Yep. I turned red a few times, but I felt an immense sense of peace knowing that God designed my body and called it "good."
4.) Owning my Cycles
During the course of a women's cycle, she is mostly INFERTILE; whereas, a man is considered FERTILE. Women can't conceive any day of the month. Nothing prepared me for the day, I placed the white baby sticker on my Peak day and counted 3 Days Post Peak. For the first time, it hit me. I'm woman. If I was sexually active, I could have a baby. The realization excited and frightened me, but then I realized how few women experience that moment. And how even fewer women experience that moment with their spouse.
5.) Learning Another Love Language
NFP teaches the "multidimensional nature of sexual interaction." NFP encourages couples to S.P. I.C.E. things up and develop equally important expressions of love. NFP challenges me to be a more loving person.
 - S = Spiritual expressed through praying together or meditation.
 - P = Physical closeness without genital contact.
 - I = Intellectual expressed though sharing a project, book, etc.
 - C = Communicative/Creative expressed through increased written or verbal communication or shared activities.
 - E = Emotional expressed though shared feelings, desires, humor, etc.
6.) Doesn't Mean...
My future spouse is off-the-hook from learning NFP. Having the mutual knowledge, support, and discipline of NFP allows a couple to respect their God-given dignity as man and woman, appreciate their natural reproductive differences, and make prayerful decisions together about family planning. If not, NFP turns into another form of non-hormonal contraception.
7.) Joining a Greater Conversation
I'm no longer a woman on the sidelines waiting for NFP to apply to me, I'm in the middle of the greater conversation about NFP. I have a voice.
To all my single ladies, please, consider exploring NFP for your own knowledge, health, and wellbeing. You are a Daughter of the King!
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Thor and Jormungandr long sleeved shirt
According to the Prose Edda, Odin took Loki's three children, Fenrisulfr, Hel and Jörmungandr, and tossed Jörmungandr into the great ocean that encircles Midgard. The serpent grew so large that he was able to surround the Earth and grasp his own tail. When he lets go, the world will end. As a result, he received the name of the Midgard Serpent or World Serpent. Jörmungandr's arch-enemy is the god Thor.
The last meeting between the serpent and Thor is predicted to occur at Ragnarök, when Jörmungandr will come out of the ocean and poison the sky. Thor will kill Jörmungandr and then walk nine paces before falling dead, having been poisoned by the serpent's venom.
The artist, Lorenz Frølich, (25 October 1820 in Hellerup – 25 October 1908, Copenhagen) was a Danish painter, illustrator, and etcher.
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Protect the Environment
Bradford County, Pennsylvania, where in 2011 a large spill occurred at
a Chesapeake Energy drilling operation. Photo: Nicolas
Extractive industries imperil everything that relies upon a clean environment: public health, fish and wildlife, and the global climate.
The scale of modern resource extraction is mind-boggling. Mines can be thousands of feet deep and miles across and visible from outer space; oil and gas wells are drilled from horizon to horizon.
The number and type of threats are extremely long-lasting; some of the projects we work on will need to be managed forever.
Earthworks focuses on the most significant threats to our most precious resources and fights to make sure that they are protected for future generations.


Why Streetcars?
Streetcars move more people
Normal buses carry around 60 passengers. An articulated or BRT-style bus will carry 90 or 100 passengers. Portland Streetcars carry 115 passengers, longer streetcar vehicles carry as many as 186 passengers. Arlington is not far enough along in the process to have decided on an exact vehicle. With a projected 37,000 jobs, 21,000 residents and 11,600+ housing units coming to the areas of Arlington that the Streetcar system will serve, capacity is vital.
Streetcars attract more riders
Streetcars are known for attracting more riders, including riders who have other options like driving. Even if buses could move as many people as Streetcars, they'd still need to be able to attract those riders.
 - In 2003 the City of Tacoma converted an existing bus line between the downtown Theater District and the Tacoma Dome station to Streetcar service. Ridership increased by 500%. [source]
 - When Seattle temporarily substituted buses for the streetcars on its Waterfront line, ridership dropped to one-fifteenth of what it had been on the streetcars. [source]
 - An Ed Tennyson study that attempted to determine what, if any effect mode had on ridership while holding constant all other factors - travel time, fare, frequency of service, population and density found that rail transit (like a streetcar) is likely to attract 34 to 43 percent more ridership than equivalent bus service.
 - When Memphis surveyed its transit riders it found that 83% of those who rode their streetcar system didn't utilize any other form of public transit - it was the Streetcar or nothing at all.
 - The Arlington County Resident Study, a survey that was completed in 2009, found that while 36% of Pike residents use the current bus system at least once a week, 59% of respondents indicated they would use a proposed streetcar at least once a week.
 - Portland initially projected 2,800 daily riders when the city's first line opened in 2001; today, the system is carrying over 10,000 riders per day. [source]
Streetcars are cheaper long-term
While streetcars require a higher initial investment than buses, that capital cost is offset by significant operational savings. Streetcars hold more riders than buses (even articulated buses) which means you can move more people with fewer vehicles. Fewer vehicles also means wages for fewer drivers. Many streetcar vehicles can even be hitched together allowing you to double their capacity without paying an additional driver. In addition, streetcar vehicles last longer. The useful life of a bus is around 10 years, while streetcars typically last 40 years or more - Philadelphia's SEPTA system is still using streetcar vehicles built in 1947.
A more comfortable ride
There are no potholes on Streetcar tracks and their electric motors accelerate much more smoothly than a bus. This is one of the key differentiators when you're trying to get people out of their cars - they've got a choice, and making the experience pleasant is a big part of getting them to choose transit. It's a lot easier to get people to ride transit who have no other options - they have no other options.
Streetcars are predictable
Streetcars are more predictable than buses in many ways. First off, they don't make any unexpected movements. That streetcar isn't going to cut you off, it isn't going to drift into your lane, it's going to go exactly where the tracks go. Predictability is huge in improving safety on our roadways.
Second, the route is predictable. Walk up to a bus stop and the bus doesn't come for half an hour. Is that because it's running late or because it's been re-routed? With the Streetcar you KNOW it'll come eventually - it CAN'T be rerouted.
Streetcars support affordable housing on the Pike
The Pike Neighborhoods Plan allows property owners to develop substantial additional density if, and only if, they commit to preserve roughly the amount of affordable housing now on the site. Streetcars are needed to provide the high capacity, high quality transit we will need for thousands of new residents.
Streetcars attract development
Because of it's high quality and permanence, Streetcars attract significantly more development than buses. The Return on Investment study done for the Columbia Pike Streetcar predicts a conservative 4% to 10% increase in property values along the corridor and that the Streetcar will accelerate redevelopment by 2.5 to 3 years. The Portland Streetcar saw $3.5 billion in investment within 2 blocks of the streetcar alignment and 55% of all Central Business District development occurred within 1 block of the streetcar according to a 2008 development report.
Streetcars are green
As the Sierra Club points out in their endorsement of the Columbia Pike Streetcar, it is the best transit option for the environment. It is the most likely to get people out of their cars and it concentrates development in Smart Growth-friendly Arlington rather than contributing to sprawl. In addition, as an electricity-powered system, its carbon footprint will drop over time as our electric grid moves toward renewable energy sources without any additional expense for the County.
Streetcars create a sense of place
The visibility and permanence of a Streetcar system contributes strongly to a sense of place. In the same way that the areas around Metro stations have come to be strongly identified with the names of those stations and have acquired some communal identity that goes along with it (Clarendon as nightlife and shopping, Ballston as Science & Tech hub, etc) Streetcars can create a similar effect building community and a neighborhood feel.


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Born: 20 February 1902
Died: 22 April 1984
Birthplace: San Francisco, California
Best known as: Nature photographer of the American west
Ansel Adams's stark, detailed photographs of Yosemite National Park are among the most recognizable images in the world. Adams was a piano player who turned his attention to photography in the 1920s, inspired by the wilderness of central California. By the end of the 1920s he was earning a living from his photography, thanks largely to his association with the Sierra Club. In the 1930s and '40s his reputation grew and he spent a good deal of time in New York, advancing his career as an artist while working as a commercial photographer to pay the bills. He wrote many technical works and encouraged museums and colleges to add photography departments, but didn't achieve financial success for his art until late in life, when his images of Yosemite and the American southwest became icons of both 20th-century photography and environmental awareness. Like guitarist Les Paul, Adams was known both as a technical innovator and a lifelong workhorse; he kept taking photos up until his death at age 82.
Extra credit: According to a biography by William Turnage, "When Adams was only four, an aftershock of the great [San Francisco] earthquake and fire of 1906 threw him to the ground and badly broke his nose, distinctly marking him for life."
Copyright © _PHONE_ by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.
More on Ansel Adams from Fact Monster:
Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Tech Tip 02
Line Reactors Stop Adjustable Frequency Drive Trip-Outs
- Adjustable Frequency Drives Shut Down for No Apparent Reason.
- Drive Diagnostics Report Overvoltage Condition.
- Failures Often Occur About the Same Time Each Day.
- Capacitor Switching Transients.
- Drives Too Small Compared to Available Short Circuit Capacity.
- Install Line Reactors or Isolation Transformers Ahead of the Drive.
- Use Less Sensitive Drives.
A manufacturing facility installed new adjustable frequency drives to improve production. Unfortunately, the new drives started tripping off line for no apparent reason. This often happened on clear days with no visible power interruptions or other problems. Only the new drives experienced the problem.
As the problem continued, the plant electrician noticed the tripouts often occurred about the same time each day. Furthermore, the electrician checked the drive diagnostics and always found an overvoltage indication.
Examination of the situation revealed the customer was served from a 12.47kV distribution feeder which had switched capacitors for voltage and var control. Also, the drive horsepower ratings were very small compared to the short circuit capacity available at the drive terminals. Testing confirmed that the drives would trip off almost every time a certain capacitor was switched on.
A capacitor creates a momentary short circuit at the instant it is energized. Current surges into the capacitor and line voltage collapses for a few millionths of a second. As the current surge declines, it causes a ringing transient with overshoot on the peak voltage. Since the dc bus voltage is a function of the peak voltage, the overshoot causes the dc bus voltage to exceed the overvoltage setting which results in the drive tripping off line.
The solution in this application was to install a properly sized line reactor in the plant's electrical supply to the drive. The reactor's high impedance to the transient cuts the voltage overshoot and lowers inrush current to the drive. (Isolation transformers also do this, but they cost more.) Experience has shown that a 3% impedance reactor is effective at protecting against nuisance tripping. In order to achieve the 3% impedance, it is necessary to specify the voltage and horsepower or KVA rating for the drive it is to be installed on. Voltage recordings below show the overshoot reduction achieved by the installation of reactors. This transient reduction was enough to prevent the drives from tripping.
Figure 1: Voltage on the Source Side of the Reactor
Figure 2: Voltage on the Load Side of the Reactor
This also shows that all drives are not created equal. Many drives in the plant survived capacitor switching with no problems. Careful selection of new drives helps prevent production outages from normal utility operations.
The information and diagrams presented herein are for general educational purposes only, and should not be relied upon as instructions for customer self-wiring. Customers should at all times seek the assistance of qualified electricians or utility personnel for all wiring projects.


You can also use a function within stat_summary to calculate the mean and the hjust argument to place the text, you need a additional function but no additional data frame: "Do not love the world or anything in the world. 1,146 Likes, 136 Comments - Matilde F M F (_USER_) on Instagram: "After a year in the making, _USER_.jewellery is finally here Launching in December 2020, I hope…" Hypothesizing means "making a hypothesis", believing or asserting on uncertain grounds. Widgets. Meaning of Making-of. Cooking YouTuber Andrew Rea of the uber-popular account Binging With Babish decided to teach Schitt's Creek fans what "folding in the cheese" means. Like sucking up, creepy nice to me. If you are making mayonnaise and see developing oil on its surface, that means it needs a little more water; whisk a spoonful into it. The rubber material is great because it doesn't retain wetness or odor. The campus of Princeton University in New Jersey in 2011. The result of a means-end research effort is more persuasive communications that drive consumer behavior. Decision making, process and logic through which individuals arrive at a decision. Discretion in Decision Making. its making an educated guess about the answer of the experiment. To fix a broken vinaigrette, whisk it in … Again, this means that if the standardized difference between the two sample means (and that is exactly what the t value indicates) is larger than 2.06, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between population means. The goals are pre-set business objectives, company missions and its vision. Equivalent terms in other dialects include the British English getting off and the Hiberno-English shifting. cake: [adjective] displeasing. visuelize means when u think about something. Discretion is the power or right to make official decisions using reason and judgment to choose from among acceptable alternatives.. So, I decided to go on a fitness journey. These just may be your new go-to sandals! I want what I deserve...and it's to go behind the scenes of the making of Queen of Mean! That's what I've been doing for about a year is not taking care of myself. making love synonyms, making love pronunciation, making love translation, English dictionary definition of making love. We'll first create output tables with means and we'll then add such means to our data. Saponification is at the heart of soap-making. Upstairs, a bride-to-be weighed the options between two dream dresses. adj. Saponification literally means "turning into soap" from the root word, sapo, which is Latin for soap. sensemaking. I'm seriously freaking out! Megan McArdle. Learn more. means creating the structures and processes needed to move toward the vision, most scratch their heads at the term. Originally a means of preserving vegetables during winter, kimchi is emblematic of Korean cuisine and accompanies almost every meal served in the country. Different models of decision making lead to dramatically different analyses and predictions. Information and translations of Making-of in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. 18 November 2020 1 minute read Share. means definition: 1. a method or way of doing something: 2. money, for example from an income, that allows you to…. If anyone loves the world, love for the Father is not in them." Yet these three words did not appear in Pound's work, it should be remembered, until 1928, well after the appearance of the major works of modernist art and literature, and the words did not become a slogan until some considerable time after that. Earlier this month, a fiasco broke out at Wistron's manufacturing facility in Narasapura. What does Making-of mean? Wednesday was as busy at Hope's Bridal in Atkins as many kitchens will be come Thanksgiving. What's making news: From JobMaker to state budgets and what it all means for you. The Making of Make It New Make It New is now such common shorthand for modernist novelty that it is easy to assume that it was always so. Let's now compute vertical means: means over cases for each variable separately. Maja Garaca Djurdjevic. What do you mean by decision-making It means that decision making process seeks a goal. Define making love. (Istock) Opinion by. The Boss. 1 John 2:15 "In the World but not of the World" Biblical Meaning Definition of Making-of in the dictionary. To me, "fitness in the making" means that YES I am perfectly created by Christ and I love Him and my body for that, but do we always take care of ourselves as we should? It is the chemical reaction in which the building blocks of fats and oils (triglycerides) react with lye to form soap. SPSS - Compute Means over Cases. Like really nice to me. Here, 1.19 is less than 2.06; thus, it is the null hypothesis that = 0. March 4, 2009 the Obama administration rolled out the latest foreclosure preventing program called "Making Home Affordable" or the "Home Affordable Modification Program". That party was cake. Posted on July 15, 2014 July 15, 2014 in legal. My boss is being nice to me. Answer: The making of disciples is our Lord's means for answering the prayer, "Our Father in heaven, hallowed be Your name, Your kingdom come, Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven" (Matthew 6:9-10). Question: "Why is making disciples important?" The incident brought to light discrepancies in the way the Taiwanese company handled its employee wages, following which Wistron's hierarchy in Taiwan removed the company vice-president who was also overseeing its India business, and promised a restructuring of its operations.
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Tamarin Tracing Internals III: LIR
Program Form 3: LIR. I believe LIR stands for low-level intermediate representation (although I've also heard linear intermediate representation). Typically, in a compiler or VM LIR is the lowest-level (and last) form of machine-independent compiler representation, and looks much like a machine-independent assembly language. TT's LIR plays the same role but has some special features because it is designed specifically for efficient trace compilation. The most important feature is that a LIR trace is always straight-line code, with one or more exit points, but no targeted branches. (Actually, there has to be a target, but the target is not part of the LIR, it's the address of an IL instruction.)
The LIR instruction set is defined in nanojit/LIR.h. LIR is much simpler than IL, with fewer than 64 opcodes. Most of them are familiar, e.g., LIR_add for integer addition. LIR_imm ("immediate") sets a constant value, contained directly in the instruction word. All the control-flow instructions are exits: e.g., LIR_x to exit unconditionally, or LIR_xt to exit if a condition is true. The exception is LIR_loop, which jumps back to the start of the trace. TT traces always start at loop headers, so this is important. See also Mason Chang's post on the LIR instruction set.
A LIR instruction is 32-bits, with 8 bits for the opcode and up to 3 operands. As with machine ISAs, there are different forms of instruction words to accommodate multiple operands, 24-bit immediate operands, etc.
LIR operands work differently to IL operands. Recall that IL is stack-based, so IL's IADD takes its two arguments off the stack and pushes their sum. Because machine languages like x86 are register-based, not stack-based, LIR is also register-based. More precisely, LIR uses virtual registers (my terminology, not TT's), which just means it can have as many registers as it wants. Mapping those registers onto the finite set available on each processor is the job of a lower-level register allocator.
LIR has an interesting implicit scheme of naming the virtual registers. Each LIR instruction has a sequence number, according to its position in the trace. The sequence number is (implicitly) also the name of the virtual register where the result is stored. Later instructions can use this result by sequence number. For example,
// Instruction 13: test whether result of instruction 12 equals immediate #48
13 eq 12,#48
// Instruction 22: exit if result of instruction 13 false
22 xf 13 -> 10C41CA
This design saves space, because result operands don't need to be named implicitly. It also automatically represents instruction dependencies. Finally, because of this design, LIR is necessarily in SSA form, which will make optimizing traces easier.
Transformation 2->3: IL->LIR. This is the actual trace generation. So while the earlier steps translated a method at a time, in this step TT operates on a trace (code path) at a time. The basic idea is that while TT executes IL, it will generate a trace of LIR instructions for the code path it follows.
Activating Tracing. TT traces always start at loop headers. A loop header is any target of a backward branch-the IL generator ensures backward branches are loop edges. Recursive methods are also a form of loop, and so TT treats a recursive call the same as a loop edge.
Every time the interpreter follows a loop edge, it checks to see if it should begin tracing. This is encoded into vm_*_interp.h with the INTERP_CHECK_LOOPEDGE macro, which wraps a call to Interpreter::loopedge. Interpreter::loopedge maintains a count of the number of times it has seen each loop header address. If the count exceeds a threshold (HOTLOOP, which is 10 in the current version), it calls Interpreter::sot ("start of trace") to start tracing. sot initializes data structures used by tracing, emits some boilerplate prolog LIR, and sets the interpreter tracing state flag. Finally, control will exit from the interpreter (Interpreter::do_interp, but the return statement is found in the macro _CHECK_MODESWAP, used in INTERP_CHECK_LOOPEDGE), with a return value that tells the main system loop to enter tracing mode.
Tracing. Actual tracing of IL is performed by VMInterp::do_trace. do_trace continues interpreting IL, just as in the interpeter (do_interp). In addition, before interpreting each IL instruction, do_trace emits LIR for the instruction. For example, here is the do_trace implementation of my favorite IL op, IADD, from vm_fpu_trace.h:
interp.trace_binop(LIR_add, sp);
const int32_t tmp_i_0 = int32_t(sp[-1].i) + int32_t(sp[0].i) ;
sp[0].i = tmp_i_0;
The second part is an exact copy of the code in vm_fpu_interp.h. I believe this code is produced by the Forth compiler. After preprocessing, the block above looks like this (in VMInterp.ii):
foplabel_TRACE_IADD: { {
interp.trace_binop(LIR_add, sp);
} ip += 1; {
sp += (-1);
sp[0].i = tmp_i_0;
} goto _goto_ip; }
The only addition for tracing is the call to interp.trace_binop(LIR_add, sp). In principle, trace_binop has a simple job: emit a LIR opcode for a binary operation. In reality, the tracer does some optimizations along the way and also must do some state bookkeeping.
trace_binop. Here is the method signature for trace_binop:
void Interpreter::trace_binop(_LOpcode op, const Boxp sp, BoxUsage insize, BoxUsage outsize);
op is the LIR opcode to emit in the trace. sp points to the top of the interpreter operand (Forth) stack. The other two arguments give the operand sizes, because operands can be 32 or 64 bytes, but I'm not going to worry about that just yet, and that aspect of the code is well-separated from the main logic.
Here is the body of trace_binop:
1 if (check_const_defc(2, sp, outsize)) return;
2 LirWriter* lirout = tracefrag->lirbuf->writer();
3 LInsp i = lirout->ins(LOpcode(op), use_q_or_lo(insize, sp-1), use_q_or_lo(insize, sp));
4 varset(sp-1, i);
Line 1 tries a constant-folding optimization: informally, if both of the operands are constants, the tracer will compute the result, which is constant, and emit a LIR_imm instead of the binary operation. But what exactly is a constant operand in LIR? Recall that an operand is just the index of an instruction that computes a value. If that instruction is a LIR_imm, then the operand is constant.
Here I should say a bit about the region tracker. (Fortunately, Graydon explained it to me, so I didn't have to work hard to figure out that part.) Recall that in the interpreter, the operands are the top two stack elements. At the start of trace_binop, that's all we know. So in order to get the LIR operands for tracing, trace_binop has to map the stack values to their corresponding LIR operands (i.e., the LIR instructions that computed those stack values).
The region tracker, (class RegionTracker in Interpreter.h), maintains this mapping and performs the lookup. Specifically, RegionTracker mains a map from addresses (const void *) to instructions in the LIR trace buffer (LIns *). The addresses are considered to address fixed-width elements in a range starting from a zero position. This is perfect for tracking a stack. Also, the mapping can be implemented as array lookup, which is simple and fast.
Region tracker operations are wrapped for the interepreter by inline methods like varof, which maps a Box* interpreter stack operand to a LIR instruction, and varset, which emits a store operation for a result and updates the region tracker with the new result.
Back to trace_binop. Line 2 just accesses the LirWriter (LIR.h), the class that does the bit-packing to create LIR instructions.
Line 3 emits the binary operation LIR instruction. The only fancy part is in use_q_or_lo, which uses the region tracker to map an interpreter stack operand to the LIR instruction that created it.
Line 4 emits a LIR_sti to store the result (and updates the region tracker accordingly). This surprised me, because if the result of a LIR operation is implicitly stored in its instruction sequence number, why is an explicit store needed? Looking at example traces, I see that there are few or no corresponding LIR_ld instructions, so most of these stores must be dead. I think the LIR_sti is storing to a memory location that also represents the result, and will be used later for spilling by the register allocator.
Example. LIR is so low-level that nontrivial IL tends to create more LIR than I want to put here, but I did find a readable example of adding 1 to a number. This is from the -Dverbose output of avmshell (\ is a line continuation-I added a line break to fit this format):
T 11E


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Evaluation of statistical protocols for quality control of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxesAuthor(s): Jorge F. Perez-Quezada; Nicanor Z. Saliendra; William E. Emmerich; Emilio A. Laca
Source: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A. 170(1): 213-230.
Publication Series: Scientific Journal (JRNL)
Station: Northern Research Station
PDF: Download Publication (980.72 KB)
DescriptionThe process of quality control of micrometeorological and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux data can be subjective and may lack repeatability, which would undermine the results of many studies. Multivariate statistical methods and time series analysis were used together and independently to detect and replace outliers in CO2 flux data derived from a Bowen ratio energy balance system. The results were compared with those produced by five experts who applied the current and potentially subjective protocol. All protocols were tested on the same set of three 5-day periods, when measurements were conducted in an abandoned agricultural field. The concordance of the protocols was evaluated by using the experts' opinion (mean? 1.96 standard deviations) as a reference interval (the Bland-Altman method). Analysing the 15 days together, the statistical protocol that combined multivariate distance, multiple linear regression and time series analysis showed a concordance of 93% on a 20-min flux basis and 87% on a daily basis (only 2 days fell outside the reference interval), and the overall flux differed only by 1.7% (3.2 g CO2m-2). An automated version of this or a similar statistical protocol could be used as a standard way of filling gaps and processing data from Bowen ratio energy balance and other techniques (e.g. eddy covariance). This would enforce objectivity in comparisons of CO2 flux data that are generated by different research groups and streamline the protocols for quality control.
- Check the Northern Research Station web site to request a printed copy of this publication.
- Our on-line publications are scanned and captured using Adobe Acrobat.
- During the capture process some typographical errors may occur.
- Please contact Sharon Hobrla, _EMAIL_ if you notice any errors which make this publication unusable.
- We recommend that you also print this page and attach it to the printout of the article, to retain the full citation information.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
CitationPerez-Quezada, Jorge F.; Saliendra, Nicanor Z.; Emmerich, William E.; Laca, Emilio A. 2007. Evaluation of statistical protocols for quality control of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A. 170(1): 213-230.
KeywordsBowen ratio energy balance, multiple linear regression, multivariate distance, net ecosystem carbon dioxide flux, quality control, time series analysis
- Carbon fluxes on North American rangelands
- Evapotranspiration and energy balance of Brazilian savannas with contrasting tree density
- Effects of different eddy covariance correction schemes on energy balance closure and comparisons with the modified Bowen ratio system
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The Dwarf Cassowary, Casuarius bennetti, also known as the Bennett's Cassowary, Little Cassowary, Mountain Cassowary, or Mooruk, is the smallest of the three species of cassowaries.
The scientific name commemorates the Australian naturalist George Bennett. He was the first scientist to examine these birds after a few were brought to Australia aboard a ship. Recognising them as representing a new species of cassowary, he sent specimens back to England where this was confirmed. On the west side of Greevink Bay, western Irian, there exist a distinctive form that may merit a split. C. papuanus is the tentative name. Finally there are no officially recognized sub-species, however, some authors believe there should be.
It is a large, at between 99 to 135 centimetres (3.2"?4.4 ft) tall and 18 kilograms (40 lb), flightless bird with hard and stiff black plumage, a low triangular casque, pink cheek and red patches of skin on its blue neck. The feet are large and powerful, equipped with dagger-like claws on the inner toe. Both sexes are similar. Females have longer casques, brighter bare skin color and are larger in size.
Range and habitat
The Dwarf Cassowary is distributed throughout mountain forests of New Guinea, New Britain and Yapen Island, at elevations up to 3,300 m (10,800 ft). In areas without other species of cassowaries, it will live in the lowlands also. Its diet consists mainly of fallen fruits and small animals, and insects. A solitary bird, it pairs only in breeding season.
Due to ongoing habitat loss, habitat degradation, being hunted for food, and often being kept in captivity, the Dwarf Cassowary is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with an occurrence range of 258,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi).
- ^ a b BirdLife International (2008)
- ^ a b c d e f Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
- ^ Gotch, A. F. (1995)
- ^ Avibase 2009
- ^ Brands, S. (2008)
- ^ Clements, J (2007)
- ^ BirdLife International (2008)(a)


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The Benefits of Supplemental Environmental Projects
Are SEPs good for the regulated community and everyone else, too?
Is there a way to avoid paying a penalty when a company receives a fine from an environmental agency? Not really, but a Supplemental Environmental Project (SEP) may offer some relief. An SEP allows a "violator" with a monetary penalty to spend some or all of the financial penalty money to complete an agency-approved project that will have a beneficial effect on the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed guidance for SEPs that includes a range of different types of projects, including:
- investment in wind energy,
- installation of fuel cells,
- water efficiency programs, and
- sustainability projects (e.g. development of environmental management systems).
However, the SEP needs to be connected to the violation (the term used by the agencies is "nexus") and it cannot be a project that was already planned or under way.
Regulatory agencies view SEPs as a positive method to advance the goal of protecting the environment. Rather than having a monetary penalty paid to general funds, the agency ensures that the money will be used for environmentally beneficial projects. Further, the agencies view SEP implementation as a benefit to local communities that might have been negatively impacted by the original violation.
The following case studies describe the SEP process with regulatory agencies, benefits realized by the companies involved, and how the agencies and local communities benefited from these projects.
Health Care Facility and Water Conservation SEP
The state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) found that a health care facility with a new industrial boiler did not comply with requirements for monitoring emissions based on the maximum rated (Btu) capacity of the boiler. Enforcement actions associated with this matter resulted in a consent order. The consent order included a condition that an SEP could be developed and implemented.
DEP, which has authority over the federal air emissions program, provided suggestions on acceptable types of SEPs and required explanations of their potential benefits.
Of the two SEPs submitted for consideration, the agency agreed to a water conservation project that included the replacement of free-flowing faucets with automatic infrared (no-touch) faucets. The nexus of the SEP and the violation was the relationship between the need for boiler make-up water for steam and the reduction of water use as part of the facility's overall water consumption program.
The health care facility noted the SEP would lower water consumption and reduce water discharges requiring treatment through the publicly operated treatment works (POTW). Using conservative estimates, the facility would reduce water usage by about 350,000 gallons per year.
From a business perspective, the facility would see lower costs for water purchased from the local utility. Ultimately, the cost savings would pay for the automatic faucets over an extended period. While difficult to quantify, the facility also would afford greater protection to employees and patients from bacteria and viruses that often live on fixtures.
Indirectly, the project benefited the community by potentially making more water available for other local or regional use and lowering demand on POTW capacity. Lastly, it is most likely that the patients that are served by this health care facility are local to the site. As noted above, those individuals in the local community will benefit from the reduced exposure to bacteria or viruses while being treated.
DEP accepted the proposed SEP and incorporated it into the final consent order. At this time, the automatic faucets have been purchased and are in the process of being installed.
Industrial Manufacturer and Stormwater-related SEP
DEP found that an industrial manufacturer did not complete its stormwater monitoring and reporting as often as required by the agency and the general permit.
Initially, the agency proposed a consent order that required payment of a penalty directly to the agency as well as a payment to the state's general SEP funds. During negotiations, the agency agreed to allow the manufacturer to use state fund money to complete an SEP.
DEP recommended the manufacturer eliminate industrial activities or sources that could impact stormwater at its site. If successful, the manufacturer would then be able to complete a "no exposure certification" available with the general permit. The site would still be subject to the general permit; however, the manufacturer would be exempt from monitoring, inspections, and training requirements because its activities or sources would no longer impact stormwater.
The final consent order also included incentives to complete the project. Specifically, the manufacturer needed to spend all of the money identified in the consent order, or the balance would need to be paid to DEP. If unsuccessful in eliminating the sources as identified above, the manufacturer would be required to pay the balance of the money identified in the consent order to complete the project plus an additional penalty.
The manufacturer identified several activities and areas of the site that required improvements to eliminate stormwater exposure. These items included:
- removal/disposal of potentially contaminated soils,
- construction of enclosed structures for dumpsters, and
- drainage improvements to redirect stormwater from a loading dock area.
Upon implementation of these changes, the manufacturer would have an improved site with reduced risk associated with stormwater compliance.
DEP will benefit by having lowered industrial activity impacts to a local stream adjacent to the property. A secondary indirect benefit to the agency is that there is one less site that is directly regulated by the subject general permit. This reduces the administrative burden on DEP (fewer sites mean less paperwork to be processed and tracked by the agency).
The stormwater SEP was incorporated into the final consent order. At this time, the costs are being assessed to complete the site improvements.
SEPs give companies a way to indirectly pay fines. While these projects typically benefit the company subject to the fines, regulatory agencies also have the opportunity to forward their agenda and provide a benefit to the public.
Paul Simonetta is a vice president and senior project manager at Triton Environmental, Inc. Guilford, Conn., with 18 years of combined environmental compliance experience in industrial manufacturing and consulting. He received his bachelor of science degree from Fairfield University and his master of science in environmental science from the University of New Haven. One of Simonetta's areas of expertise is in wastewater management and permitting. For more information, contact him at _PHONE_, extension 34.


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For pitchers in baseball, grip strength plays a vital role in their ability to deliver accurate and powerful pitches. A strong grip enables pitchers to maintain control of the ball, manipulate its movement, and generate increased velocity. Incorporating grip strength training into their routine can significantly enhance a pitcher's control, command, and overall performance on the mound. In this blog post, we will explore the importance of grip strength for pitchers and provide effective training methods to improve control and velocity.
A strong grip allows pitchers to have better control over the ball during the pitching motion. It enables them to maintain a consistent grip and release point, resulting in improved accuracy and command of their pitches. Grip strength training exercises, such as grip strengtheners, wrist curls, and towel hangs, target the muscles and tendons in the hands and forearms, enhancing the pitcher's ability to grip the ball firmly and execute precise pitches.
Different pitch grips require specific finger and hand placements to create desired movement and deception. Grip strength training helps pitchers develop the necessary finger strength and dexterity to execute various pitches effectively. For example, a pitcher with a strong grip can apply more pressure on the ball while throwing a breaking ball, enabling better spin and sharper movement. The ability to manipulate pitches through grip strength can keep hitters off-balance and increase the pitcher's effectiveness.
A strong grip contributes to increased velocity on pitches. When pitchers can grip the ball firmly, it allows them to transfer more power from their lower body through the arm, resulting in greater ball speed. Additionally, a strong grip helps prevent the ball from slipping or rolling off the fingers prematurely, ensuring optimal energy transfer at the point of release. Grip strength training exercises that target finger flexors and forearm muscles, such as wrist curls and plate pinches, can assist pitchers in developing the necessary strength for generating higher velocity pitches.
Pitching puts significant stress on the arm and shoulder. Developing grip strength helps stabilize the wrist and forearm, reducing the risk of injuries such as sprains and strains. Strong grip muscles provide additional support and control, minimizing excessive movement or torque on the joints during the pitching motion. By incorporating grip strength training into their routine, pitchers can protect themselves from overuse injuries and maintain long-term arm health.
Training Methods for Grip Strength:
Grip Strengtheners: Utilize grip strengtheners, such as hand grippers or stress balls, to target specific hand muscles and improve overall grip strength. Squeeze and hold the grip strengthener for a few seconds before releasing. Perform multiple sets of 10-15 repetitions with each hand.
Wrist Curls: Perform wrist curls with a dumbbell or barbell to strengthen the muscles in the forearms and enhance grip strength. Sit on a bench with your forearm resting on your thigh, palm facing upward. Curl your wrist upward and then lower it back down. Perform 2-3 sets of 10-15 repetitions with each hand.
Towel Hangs: Hang from a pull-up bar or sturdy horizontal bar while gripping a towel. This exercise targets the muscles in the hands, forearms, and shoulders, improving grip strength and overall stability. Aim for 3-4 sets of 20-30 seconds of hanging.
Grip strength is a critical factor for pitchers in baseball, affecting control, velocity, and injury prevention. Incorporating grip strength training into a pitcher's routine can significantly enhance their performance on the mound. By improving control, manipulating pitches, increasing velocity, and reducing the risk of injuries, pitchers can become more effective and reliable. Incorporate grip strengthening exercises such as grip strengtheners, wrist curls, and towel hangs to develop a strong and powerful grip. Remember, a strong grip is the foundation for success as a pitcher, and consistent grip strength training will help you reach your full potential on the mound.
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10 Signs of a Failing Motherboard | Motherboard Failure Symptoms
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10 Signs of a Failing Motherboard | Motherboard Failure Symptoms
10 Signs of a Failing Motherboard | Motherboard Failure SymptomsMotherboard is basically the circuit board of a computer where all other PC components are
embedded or placed in. Most
crucial parts of a computer are held together by the motherboard.
Hence, it is the base of the whole
computer, without the motherboard the PC will not simply operate.
Moreover motherboard is also one of the most expensive component in a computer. Having any type of issues in them means that you have to replace other components as well.
Therefore, expenses here are very much greater even than buying a brand new computer. And also troubleshooting problems in a motherboard is much more difficult than in other PC components. However if the motherboard happens to encounter issues, it will start showing up warning signs. With these signs you can determine if your motherboard is going bad so that you can avoid further problems.
In this article, I will be exploring about 10 Signs of a Failing Motherboard | Motherboard Failure Symptoms. At last from this post, you will be able to know whether your motherboard has a problem of becoming dead.
Let's get started,
1. Physical Damages
A failing motherboard most at times shows signs of physical damages especially the capacitors bloated out. When the motherboard starts overheating, the capacitors present on it will be enlarged than usual. This is more common in old motherboard models since they are prone to overheating. However a blown capacitor can be easily replaced but under some conditions. This requires precision soldering.
2. Computer Freezing
Computer freezing is another annoying symptom of a failing motherboard. This can happen all of a sudden when you are working with your computer. But not all the freezes and glitches can be pointed towards the motherboard, there can be software problems as well. However if the freezing happens to occur frequently there are more chances the issue is related to the motherboard.
4. Blue Screen Of Death
Blue Screen Of Death typically occurs when there are hardware problems. But there can be other variety of reasons too. For finding whether the BSOD is related to the motherboard, you can actually search the error code in google so that you can see if it relates with the motherboard. Even if after troubleshooting the error seems to reappear then the issue can be with the motherboard.
4. Slowdown in Performance
Another symptom of a failing motherboard is the slowdown in performance. If the motherboard becomes closer to death, it may experience a case of sluggishness. The programs that is used to run properly may load at a slower rate or your system may take too long to boot up. Either way it is pretty easy to recognize this sluggishness.
5. Hardwares Not Recognized
Motherboard failures can cause the hardwares connected to it to be non-recognized. Most of the peripherals attached to your PC such as the flash drive, mouse and the keyboard will not get recognized. Although the problem can lie on the hardware itself, it can actually be the symptom of a motherboard that is going bad.
6. PC Randomly Restarting
PC randomly restarting is one of the most commonly experienced signs of a failing motherboard. But there are chances where this can be as a result of a virus attack too. Therefore, before coming to the conclusion that this is a sign of a faulty motherboard, you should necessarily full scan your PC. Even after scanning if the issue persists, then possibly this is an indication of a failing motherboard.
7. Burning Odor
If you happen to notice a burning smell emitting from your PC, then you should immediately turn off the computer. This means that the motherboard inside the PC is already overheated to the maximum and should not be used anymore. Despite of this if you continue using the motherboard, it can effect other components as well. Usually this is caused when incompatible components are connected to the motherboard resulting in short circuits.
8. Appearance of BIOS Menu
BIOS Menu is the setup utility menu present on your computer. Usually it is accessed manually by configurations. But if it appears on its own during the startup process, it is an indication that there are problems with the motherboard. This happens when the motherboard has a problem of communicating with recently installed hardware components. Since the BIOS manages all the hardwares, it will show up once the computer tries to boot. And also remember that the appearance of BIOS menu doesn't always mean that the motherboard itself is faulty, other components can actually be the culprit.
9. Malfunctioning Applications
In-spite of motherboard failure if you still be able to pass the boot process, the applications running on your computer may start malfunctioning. This is because once the motherboard starts failing, its ability to manage hardware components will be restricted. Thus, applications running will experience constant slowdowns and lag times.
10. Beep Noises
Generally when a motherboard encounters failure it will indicate then through a pattern of beep codes. In case if you cannot boot your computer at all, listen for the pattern of beeps given by the PC. Most likely if the pattern is followed by 3,4, or 5 it is a sign of a failing motherboard (Beep patterns vary depending on different motherboard models). If the motherboard is already dead there will be no beep codes given at all.
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From Valve Developer Community
Bug: This entity is incomplete and does not function.
- Linked liquid portal.
- To do: add description
- Fill Time (sec)
- How long the volume takes to fill in seconds.
- Origin (X Y Z)
- The position of this entity's center in the world. Rotating entities typically rotate around their origin.
- Pitch Yaw Roll (Y Z X)
- This entity's orientation in the world. Pitch is rotation around the Y axis, yaw is the rotation around the Z axis, roll is the rotation around the X axis.
- The liquid portal this should link to. Will update linked portal to point back.
- How long the area takes to fill.
- Start filling NOW. Entities teleport when finished.
- Add the activator entity to the list of entities to teleport when filling is finished.
- Remove the activator entity from the list of entities to teleport when filling is finished.
- These Outputs each fire in response to the firing of the like-numbered
FireUser4Input; see User Inputs and Outputs.
OnKilled(Only in the Left 4 Dead series)
- This Output fires when the entity is killed and removed from the game.


text:
Installing an OS from a USB drive is now a very common and popular process and available in Windows 7, Mac OS X and Linux OS. This process is known as Live USB. We use Live USB to install and test the system in the same way as a Live CD. This tutorial will teach you how to create your live USB Ubuntu Linux 11.10 from Windows. Super-fast, easy to use, free tools and complete guide.
To get started you need two applications to download, here is how and where to get them:
Step 1: The first thing we need to do is initially download the Ubuntu Linux ISO latest version
Step 2: Next download Linux Live USB Creator. This Windows utility will allow you to create your Live USB.
Step 3: Once Linux Live USB Creator has been downloaded, double-click the executable file and follow the installation steps.
Step 4: First click on the traditional Next. Then choose the installation path and then click Install.
Step 5: Wait a few moments for application to install.
Step 6: Finally, click Next and then Finish.
Step 7: The software launches automatically. This is a bit special visually speaking, but nevertheless effective!
Now in order to actually create Ubuntu Linux ISO Live USB follow steps below:
Step 1: If by any chance Linux Live USB Creator didn't lunched automatically after installation you can find its icon in start menu and lunch it
Step 2: Insert your USB drive and select it from the drop-down list;
Step 3: Indicate the location of the Ubuntu ISO file;
Step 4: Under Options check following fields:
- Hide created files on key
- Format the key in FAT32 (this will erase your data from USB drive!!)
- Enable lunch LinuxLive in Windows (requires internet to install)
Step 5: Finally click on the lightning icon to start the installation process;
Step 6: Wait a few minutes and your USB Ubuntu 11.10 is finally ready!
You just have to restart your PC and boot from it to test and/or install Ubuntu. There is a chance that the BIOS is not properly configured to boot from a USB stick So you might have to configure that too. In BIOS setting allow booting from USB drive and select exact USB drive from the list and make it top priority.
To add you could also install Mac OS X or Windows 7 from a USB drive too.


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Ask the Experts
How are franchise territories defined?
Franchisors define trading territories using a variety of criteria, but let's look first at how they should be calculated.
An established business will be able to assess its historical performance to work out what its market share has been, given an area containing a certain number of customers for the product or service. Bear in mind such customers could be defined simply by total population, population of a certain age profile, number of owner-occupied homes of a certain type, total number of small businesses, number of a particular type of business, or even number of households with gardens, young children or pets.
Once the business has worked out how many potential customers are needed to enable a franchisee to meet its targets, it knows how many potential territories there are in the country.
It's then a question of defining the boundaries of these territories, and this is often best done by using postcodes, as it is possible to acquire data that outlines how many of a certain type of customer exists in a particular postcode. Add together enough postcodes to get the desired number in a territory, then repeat the exercise however many times is necessary to map out the entire country, though note that circumstances change and the method should be kept under regular review.
Less sophisticated franchisors have been known to simply rely on county boundaries, local authority regions or Yellow Pages areas, but these tend to produce areas of unequal potential.
You have no Franchises or Opportunities highlighted to enquire about.
Please select some
Have a question about Franchising? Find out how you can have your question answered by a


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ONLINE CHAT SERVER PROJECT REPORT
||ONLINE CHAT SERVER PROJECT REPORT
ONLINE CHAT.docx (Size: 385.99 KB / Downloads: 25)
The simplest computer chatting is a method of sending, receiving, and storing typed messages with a network of users. This network could be WAN (Wide Area Network) or LAN(Local Area Network). Our chatting system will deal only with LAN's (static IP address) and it is made up of two applications one runs on the server side (any computer on the network you choose it to be the server) while the other is delivered and executed on the client PC. Every time the client wants to chat he runs the client application, enter his user name and password where the server application is running, and hits the connect button and start chatting.
The system is many-to-many arrangement; every–one is able to "talk" to anyone else. Messages may be broadcasted to all receivers (recipients are automatically notified of incoming messages) or sent to special individuals (private chatting through server). Java is our programming language, TCP/IP is our network protocol, and finally windows sockets, RMI (Remote Method Invocation), and RTP (Real Time Transport Protocol) are our programming interface to have access to network functionality. This is a first glance at my senior project and the rest of explanations and ideas are eagerly waiting for you in the next chapters.
Systems analysis is the process of examining a business situation for the purpose of developing a system solution to a problem or devising improvements to such a situation. Before the development of any system can begin, a project proposal is prepared by the users of the potential system and/or by systems analysts and submitted to an appropriate managerial structure within the organization. So the objective of the system analysis phase is the establishment of the requirements for the system to be acquired, developed and installed. For this system analyst should develop alternative system and evaluate each in terms of cost, benefit and feasibility.
Requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the requirements of a new or altered system, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as users. Requirements analysis is critical to the success of project. Systematic requirement analysis is also known as requirements engineering.
An existing system is one which does the same functionality as the one proposed. But there is no such system which provides the same functionality as the one proposed. In the present chat server systems like yahoo messenger, etc the video chatting is achieved by capturing the video from user device/web camera and capture the current still image from webcam and store this image to server. Then the other end user read this image from server for viewing the webcam of his partner. The main disadvantage/problem of this system is it consists of excessive write and read operations so time delay will occur for video chatting.
The proposed system overcomes all the above-mentioned problems. The proposed system is much helpful for the users. The system is to be implemented using the JAVA programming language. In proposed system we used a new protocol for audio, video transmission.That's RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol).Using this protocol each users can conduct video conferencing without any delay because RTP don't need the excessive write and read operations. We just stream the user's webcam, audio device to a specific port in the server. Then the other users can view the webcam by receiving the RTP Stream from the Server. So there is no need of storage's it will fast and we will get the real-time webcam streams without any delay. This RTP protocol will use for live video, audio broadcasting.
The prime objective of feasibility study is to ensure that the problem is worth to be solved. At this stage a cost benefit analysis is performed to assertion that the benefit from the system will over rule the cost associated with the whole analysis, design and development of the new system. An important outcome of the preliminary investigation determining whether the system required is feasible.
Feasibility study is a test of proposed system regarding its efficiency, impact on the organization, ability to meet the needs of users and effective use of resources. Thus, when a new project is proposed, it normally goes through a feasibility study before it is approved for development.
All the projects are given unlimited resources and infinite time. Unfortunately, the development process of a computer-based system is time bound. Feasibility and risk analysis are related in many ways. If project risk is great, the feasibility of producing the quality software is reduced. There are three aspects in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary investigation.
Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to byte code (class file) that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere". Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, and is widely used from application software to web applications.
The NetBeans IDE is a modular, standards-based, integrated development environment (IDE) written in the Java programming language. The NetBeans project consists of an open source IDE and an application platform, which can be used as a generic framework to build any kind of application. The NetBeans IDE is written in Java and can run anywhere a JVM is installed, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Solaris.
Design is the first step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. It may be defined as: " the process of applying or a various techniques and principles for the purpose of defining a device, a process or a system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization ''. Computer software design like engineering design in other disciplines changes continually as new methods, better analysis, and broader understanding evolve.
Using one of a number of design methods the design step produces a data design, an architectural design and a procedural design. Preliminary design is concerned with transformation requirements to data and software architectures. Details design focus on refinements to architectural representation that lead to detailed data structure and algorithmic representation for software. The data design transforms the information domain model created during analysis in to the data structures that will be required to implement the software. The architectural design defines the relationship among major structural components in to a procedural description of the software.
The implementation stage of the software development is the process of converting a system specification into an executable system. Implementation is the process in which the theoretical design is changed into working system. The system can be implemented only after completing the testing. During implementation the software design is realized as a set of programs or program units. During implementation, each component of the design is implemented as program modules and each of these program modules are undergoing a unit testing. The end product of this phase is a set of program modules that have been individually tested.
Data Validation Testing:
At the culmination of integration testing software is completely assembled as a package. Interfacing errors have been uncovered and corrected and a final series of software test-validation testing begins. Validation testing can be defined in many ways, but a simple definition is that validation succeeds when the software functions in manner that is reasonably expected by the customer. The software is completely assembled as a package. After the validation testing, I got the result that the system completely satisfies the user needs. For this, I entered a user name that already exists in the registration table. Then I got the message that the user name already exists, enter another user id. Thus I confirmed that data validation takes place in this system. The fields which are mandatory should be filled by the user. Otherwise the values cannot be entered into the tables.


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Google Pixel And Pixel XL WiFi Connection Problem
If own the new Google Pixel or the Pixel XL, you may have experienced some of the internet connection issues that a number of users have been reporting. One of the leading reason for this connection issue seem to be the Pixels problem with dropping wifi locations from its memory.
Here we present some quick ideas that you can try if you experience similar connection issues on your Pixel or Pixel XL.
How to Fix Slow WiFi Signals on Your Pixel and Pixel XL
Slow wifi can be a major problem when using social networking apps like Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, Whatsapp or Twitter. When connectivity is an issue, the Pixel and Pixel XL can tend to produce images that look distorted or greyish in color, as well as take long periods of time to load them.
At times it can also be possible for your wifi to be showing a great signal, yet you still suffer from lagging and other disturbances. Here are some simple techniques you can try to amend the problem.
Forget a Saved Wi-Fi network
This can help you reboot your internet connection. Follow these steps to delete a saved Wifi network.
 1. Select the setting menu
 2. Find and select Wifi
 3. Find the network that you want to delete
 4. Select the network with a hold press and then select forget. Another option shows that says modify. Uses this option to change the password needed to access your saved wifi networks.
Stop Your Pixel or Pixel XL changing from WiFi to Your Data without Permission
This feature happens because your WLAN to mobile data connection option is on, it can be turned off if you find it in the phone's main settings. This setting is named the "smart network switch" and was implemented to improve the user's constant connectivity to the internet. It can be disruptive if you don't want your Pixel or Pixel XL to use your data automatically as you move from location to location.
How to Disable Smart Network Switch
 1. Turn on the device.
 2. Allow mobile data to connect.
 3. When connected to mobile data go to the main menu.
 4. Go to settings, then go to wireless.
 5. You should see the option for "Smart network switch" near the top of the page.
 6. Select this option to turn it off.
 7. Your Google Pixel or Pixel XL will now refrain from switching to mobile internet on its own.
Turn off WiFi on your Pixel or Pixel XL
It can be common for your Pixel to latch onto a weak wifi and not disconnect without you prompting it to.
The following steps will allow you to turn off wifi at times that you don't need it on or want to try to connect to a stronger network.
 1. Make sure your Pixel or Pixel XL is on.
 2. Go to menu
 3. Go to settings
 4. Go to connections
 5. Go to wifi
 6. there is a slider next to wifi, tap it to switch the slider On or Off.
Wipe Cache Partition To Increase Wifi Speed
Follow these steps to clear your Cache. In most cases this will help boost the internet performance on your Pixel or Pixel XL.
 1. Turn off your Google Pixel XL.
 2. Hold the power button off, increase volume button and home button all together at the same time.
 3. This will engage recovery mode.
 4. A menu will appear. Here you should search for the option to "wipe cache partition". Select it to start.
 5. The process may take several minutes. When it is done, you can start the phone again using the reboot system option.
Technical Support
If your Pixel or Pixel XL is still having weak internet issue after trying the above ideas, you should consider taking it back your contract provider. If it is found to have physical defections, they may offer you a replacement device or to have the phone repaired.
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