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This study, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA contains concise information that will serve as a framework or guide for your project work. The project study is well-researched for academic purposes and are usually provided in complete chapters with adequate References.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2 DEFINITION OF SELF-ESTEEM
2.3 LEVELS OF SELF-ESTEEM
2.3.1 SELF ESTEEM AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
2.3.2 SELF ESTEEM AND SCHOOL TYPE
2.4 SELF-ESTEEM AND GENDER
2.5 SELF-ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In psychology, the term self-esteem is used to describe a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. Self-esteem was often seen as a personality trait, which meant that it tends to be stable and enduring. It involved a variety of beliefs about the self, such as the appraisal of one's own appearance, beliefs, emotions and behaviors. Many scholars have tried to understand the concept of self-esteem, its definition, measurement, stability, sources and the effect it has on variousareas of life such as education. Most secondary school students are within the adolescence bracket 12-20 years, and this being a period of storm and stress, levels of self-esteem will likely vary from time to time. Many adolescents struggle with se 2 themselves and the level of their academic attainments. Selfesteem and academic performance seem to be most highly related between the years of about seven to fifteen (Malbi andReasoner, 2000).Those who feel confident, generally achieve more, while those who lack confidence in themselves achieve less. However, this does not indicate that high self-esteem causes good academic performance since correlation does not mean causation. In other studies, high selfesteem has been a result of good academic performance and not the cause. Reasoner, (2005) explained that there was a general agreement among researchers that there was a close relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement but there are considerable disagreements among them as to the nature of the relationship. Therefore from literature reviewed, the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance was not yet clear since studies reveal conflicting findings. Gender, was generally asserted to impact upon the growth, demonstration and manifestation of self-esteem (Habibollah, Naderi, Rohani, Aizan, Sharir and Kumar, 2009).A number of studies suggest that boys and girls diverge in their primary source of self-esteem, with girls being more influenced by relationships and boys being more influenced by objective success. Previous studies such as one by Twenge and Campbell (2001) suggested that male adolescents have higher selfesteem compared to female adolescents. Male self esteem seemed to be more influenced by goals related to independence and autonomy, while female self esteem was more closely defined by goals characterized by sensitivity and interdependence (Pepi, Faria and Alesi, 2006). Overall, then, it appeared that males gain self-esteem from getting ahead whereas females gain self-esteem from getting along. 3 Jerald, Patrick, Peter, Kali and Donnellan (2001) elaborated that in U.S.A, African American students had the highest self-esteem followed by Whites then Hispanics, and Asians had the lowest. Though all of them had a mean self-esteem of high (Gray-Little and Hafdahl, 2000; Twenge and Crocker, 2002). Markus and Kitayama had explained why Asians have low selfesteem as individuals. Reason being Asian culture is collectivist in the emphasis on group, hence expressing high self-esteem as an individual contradicts cultural value.
The history of self-esteem as a concept began with known theorists in psychology. William James and Mead (1890) were among the first ones. They postulated that self-esteem was equivalent to success of a person divided by his or her pretensions. One's self-esteem would be academic success divided by how well one thinks he/she ought to be doing. To increase the sum total of one's self-esteem, one needs to boost successes or diminish expectations for achievements. This continues to influence the understanding of self-esteem (Wickline, 2003)
The self-psychologist, Rogers (2009) was concerned with the general nature of subjective experience of the individual's acceptance of his/her experience. Bednar and Peterson (2007), believed that each person constructs his/her unique view of reality through the creative self.
Gordon Allport (2011) proposed that the growth of the awareness of self-proceeds along development learning lines. He identified 7 different aspects of selfhood. Selfesteem is the third development stage of the program. It is the feeling of pride that results when the child accomplishes things on the child's success in mastering tasks
In 2011, Rosenberg conducted a study of the adolescent self-esteem and came up with three classifications of the selfesteem: the extant self, the desired self, and presenting self. Rosenberg cautions that no one knows the real self, but each individual creates and interprets images of the self. He differentiated between the self confidence and self-esteem. To him self-esteem is more of affective sense of efficacy. As such, self-confidence may contribute to selfesteem but the two are synonymous.
Research, mostly in western and European cultures, has established that self-esteem concept, has a significant influence on students' academic performance (Spinath et al…, 2006). Students perceptions of the fit between their self concept and academic demands are important for learning outcomes.However, there was yet to be a significant amount of empirical investigation of whether these findings could be generalized to other cultures beside, Western, European and Asian cultures.Of particular importance to note was the limited research linking self-esteem concept and academic performance on the continent of Africa (Mboya, 2007, Marsh and Ham, 2004). If a person's perceptions of self are formed through experience with and interpretations of one's environment, as posited by Marsh and Shavelson, then research from a cross other cultures was warranted to reach hard and conclusive finding.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Itis generally assumed that having high self-esteem is very important.From available literature, the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance was not yet clear due to conflicting findings. Most studies have shown a correlation between self esteem and academic performance although the direction of the relationship is not clear (Reasoner, 2005). Literature reviewed such as Twenge and Campbell (2001) suggests that male adolescents have higher self esteem than female adolescents do. The difference in self esteem can lead to difference in academic performance between boys and girls. There was also strong empirical 4 evidence indicating differences in the conceptualization of self and academic performances according to sex and age making it necessary to study gender differences. Limited literature was available in regards to self-esteem and academic performance among adolescents especially in Kenya. This being a critical period in development where self-esteem is moderately developed (Erol and Orth, 2011) shows how important it was to study adolescents‟ levels of self-esteem.This was in regards to the various psychosocial milestones including career decision making and creating personal identity that are experienced at this developmental stage. Students with low self-esteem struggle with problems they face in school, whether it is academically or socially. Therefore, to prevent these psycho-social problems, especially in regards to gender variables, it was important to understand aspects of self-esteem which may inform interventions that are designed to promote self-esteem in critical developmental stages, such as young adulthood (Orth, Robins and Trzesniewski, 2010). Longmore, Manning, Giordano, and Rudolph (2004) also revealed that such efforts might improve adolescents‟ psychological well-being.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. Specifically the study aimed to:
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following were the research questions the study aimed to answer:
Ho: there is no significant relationship between self-esteem and academic performance among secondary schools students
H1: there is a significant relationship between self-esteem and academic performance among secondary schools students
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Evaluation of students‟ progress was very important since it serves as a basis on which education decisions concerning students are made. It was for this reason that knowledge of factors that influence the outcome of academic performance are to be clear to the educators, parents and students so that standards of academic performance can be enhanced. Greater understanding of how self-esteem influences adolescents may facilitate the development of training curricular and enrichment programs that complement the cognitive aspect of knowledge acquisition. 6 Findings from this study might facilitate the development of positive interest in the learner to excel academically. Such information would be useful to the stakeholders such as Ministry of Education, policy makers, teachers and parents. Teachers and staff in schools can learn to recognize ways to foster positive self-esteem in all students.By recognizing the struggles with self-esteem


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If the animals at Saginaw Childrens Zoo could talk, they would agree with tens of thousands of smiling kids that the zoos many new educational exhibits and attractions are a lot of fun.
The animals might also say that privatizationthe transfer of government-owned assets to the private sectoris the reason for the zoos recent success and the better care and feeding they now enjoy.
Animals cant talk, of course, but visitors and employees alike are amazed at the zoos transition from a neglected, city-owned facility to a privatized powerhouse that draws eager families from across the state. How did it happen?
In 1996, Saginaw officials turned over the ailing zoo to a private, nonprofit association. Freed from city bureaucracy and politics, the zoos new, private management raised $2 million in private gifts to help hire seven more full-time workers, raise their wages, add 50 new animals, and improve the animals medical care and food preparation facilities.
As a result, paid annual attendance has jumped by more than 30,000, helping ensure the zoos self-sufficiency next year, when its subsidies end.
Saginaw Zoos success shows that privatization done right can lead to improved services, better jobs, and happy children.
For the Mackinac Center, this is Catherine Martin.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


14 Fun Facts About Lovebirds
Number one: Lovebirds mate for life
(Courtesy of Flickr user HKmPUA)
It's Valentine's Day. Love is in the air (for some, at least). Humans around the globe will express their love today through chocolate, greeting cards, and a cacophony of stuffed animals.
In the animal kingdom, though, relationships don't often fit with conventional human ideas of love. Female preying mantises feast on their male lovers after sex; red-sided garter snakes mate with multiple partners simultaneously. For most organisms, mating is purely a reproductive strategy to pass on their genetic material to their progeny; in the case of many species, such as voles, even monogamy comes with an evolutionary advantage.
But no animal represents the sentiment of Valentine's Day more than the lovebird. The petite, brightly plumed parrot is a favorite among bird enthusiasts and a popular pet. Lovebirds have inspired scientists and poets alike. Without further ado. here are 14 fun facts about lovebirds.
1. Lovebirds mate for life.
The monogamous birds reach sexual maturity when they're about ten months old. Mating begins with courtship behavior, and can continue throughout their roughly 15-year lifespans. Monogamy is essential to the social stability of flocks and underlies much of their social behavior.
2. Lovebirds pine for each other.
If a mate dies or gets separated from the flock, its companion exhibits erratic behavior that some have likened to depression. Birds kept as pets often don't like being alone and will exhibit similar behavior in captivity.
3. Like overly affectionate couples in restaurants on Valentine's Day, lovebirds feed each other.
Often after a long separation or stressful period of time, breeding pairs of lovebirds feed each other to re-establish their bond. One bird transfers food to the mouth of its mate, a feeding technique reminiscent of affection in humans—hence the inspiration for the parrots' name.
4. There's more than one species of lovebird.
The nine species classified as lovebirds come all from the genus Agapornis. Most lovebirds have a green body and sport different head feather coloration. Their closest relatives are hanging parrots, found in Asia.
5. Lovebirds are from Africa.
Lovebirds are native to the forests and savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Fossils of ancient lovebird species have been unearthed in South Africa, dating to as far back as 1.9 million years ago
6. But you might see a lovebird at your backyard birdfeeder.
That's if you live in the American southwest, San Francisco or cities in Africa. These areas are home to feral populations, flocks that likely either escaped from an aviary or are the remnants of an abandoned aviary.
7. Lovebirds live in holes.
Lovebirds are cavity dwellers they make their home in holes in trees, rocks or shrubs in the wild. Some species nest in groups, while others pair off to build their nests away from the flock. In urban settings, they might rely on anything from a tree to a crevice in a building. Peach-faced lovebirds in Phoenix, Arizona, often make their homes in cacti.
Lovebirds cactus
Peach-faced lovebirds nest in a cactus. (Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Kabunosekai)
8. Different lovebird species build their nests in different ways.
Fisher's lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri) carry single strips of tree bark in their beaks. Peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), on the other hand, hide bark in their feathers. Scientists believe that the latter's more complex behavior is an ancestral trait, and have used this facet of lovebird nest-building as an example of the intersection of evolved and learned behavior.
9. Some lovebirds are androgynous.
In three species of lovebirds, the males and females have defining characteristics that allow you to tell them apart. For example, among Black-winged lovebirds (Agapornis taranta), males have a crown of red feathers, while females have entirely green plumage. But other species don't have the same degree of sexual dimorphism, making it difficult to determine their sex just from looking at them. In some species, males may be slightly larger than females, but a DNA test is necessary to provide conclusive results.
10. Lovebirds don't eat chocolate.
It might seem like common sense, but save your chocolate and give it to a human. Lovebirds survive on a healthy diet of seeds, berries, fruit, and occassionally insect larva in the wild. In Africa, they're also known as crafty crop pests, as they feast on millet and maize farms.
11. Lovebirds can be mean.
Aggression isn't uncommon in lovebirds. The parrots are territorial, and are known to get along poorly with birds of another species. Within their own kind, lovebirds can also become jealous or hormonal during mating season. In captivity, they've been known to attach both other bird species and other lovebirds, with peach-faced lovebirds the most notorious for aggressive behavior.
12. Lovebirds can carry zoonotic diseases that infect humans.
Some studies suggest that lovebirds can carry yeast bacteria (Cryptococcus neoformans) capable of infecting humans, but they only pick up the bacterial spores if they come into contact with pigeon feces. Other reports find evidence of a parasite called Encephalitozoon hellem in Fishers, peach-faced, and masked lovebirds. The researchers hypothsize that the parasites can spread to humans with compromised immune systems, such as AIDS patients.
13. Some lovebirds might become endangered in the next decade.
The black-cheeked lovebird (Agapornis nigrigenis), native to Zambia and found in parts of Zimbabwe and Botswana, is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red Listing of Threatened Species. The biggest problem is drought (possibly driven by long-term climate change), which is drying up regional water sources that flocks rely on. The latest survey puts the black-cheeked lovebird population at around 10,000 birds in total.
14. Lovebirds (sort of) inspired Valentine's Day.
Scholars typically cite a poem by Geoffrey Chaucer as the first evidence of the connection between the religious celebration of Saint Valentine's day and romantic love. The poem, "Parliament of Foules," happens to feature two birds which exhibit all the markings of human love.
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Advanced Diagnostics for Detonation-Powered Vehicles
Agency / Branch:
DOD / USAF
The objective of the proposed SBIR Phase I program is to develop novel laser absorption-based instruments that provide rapid, in situ, simultaneous measurements of gas temperature, velocity and mole fractions of several important species in pulsed detonation flows. Based on laser absorption spectroscopy techniques, the instrumentation will employ room temperature novel mid-IR lasers to determine the concentrations of several combustion products and reactants with high sensitivity and capture the spatiotemporal evolution from deflagration to detonation. The Phase I instrument will be demonstrated in combustion flows at Los Gatos Research and at Stanford University. The fast response of the instrument will enable engineers and scientists to record precise measurements gasdynamic parameters in engine flows to identify temperature and species nonuniformities, combustion instabilities and to refine and improve computational models. BENEFIT: Instrumentation for measurements in rocket engine and gas turbine flows will enable Air Force scientists and engineers to monitor gas concentrations, temperatures and velocities under realistic rocket engine operating conditions. The instrument may also be used for measurements, control and thus optimization of generic combustion-powered flows (gas turbines, waste incinerators) to maximize efficiency and reduce unwanted pollutants.
Small Business Information at Submission:
LOS GATOS RESEARCH
67 East Evelyn Ave. Suite 3 Mountain View, CA 94041
Number of Employees:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Gour Kishore Ghosh
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Gour Kishore Ghosh (Bengali: গৌরকিশোর ঘোষ, 22 June 1923 – 15 December 2000) was a celebrated Bengali writer and journalist.
Early life[edit]
Gour Kishore Ghosh was born in Hat Gopalpur village in the Jessore district in undivided Bengal, (presently Bangladesh), on 22 June 1923. He completed his schooling in Nabadwip, and completed his intermediate science (I.Sc.) examinations in 1945.
Due to extreme poverty, Ghosh could not continue his education further and had to become a professional soon after.[1]
He continually changed his professions between 1941 and 1953. Amongst others, he worked as private tutor, electrician and fitter, sailor, waiter at restaurants, trade union organiser, schoolteacher, manager of a touring dance troupe, land customs clearing clerk, proof reader and others, until from an interim job as a border customs clerk he joined a new daily newspaper, Satyayuga[2] where his distinctive writing style earned him promotion to editor of two feature sections. Thus, he settled at his chosen profession, that of a reporter / journalist.
Journalistic and literary career[edit]
Ghosh went on to author popular columns in the literary weekly Desh and in Calcutta's largest vernacular daily, Anandabazar Patrika, of which he also became senior editor. He portrayed the agony of West Bengal during the Naxalite movement from 1969 to 1971, in sharp satire, in his "News Commentary by Rupadarshi". He often wrote under his pen-name, Rupadarshi.
After the emergency was imposed upon India in 1975, Ghosh shaved his head and wrote a symbolic letter to his 13-year-old son explaining his act of "bereavement" over the loss of his freedom to write. Published in Kolkata, a Bengali monthly, this letter caused his arrest, was widely circulated through the underground and became a classic of protest. He was sent to jail along with another reporter Barun Sengupta.[3] Ghosh smuggled from prison two other letters on abuses of authoritarian rule before, in his cell, he suffered a third heart attack.
He did not write much fiction, but what he wrote was highly appreciated and successful. In his fiction, he has illuminated the underlying human dilemma of West Bengal—of a talented, emotional people sorely affected by deep-seated religious and political differences.
Although reinstated as a senior editor of Ananda Bazar Patrika after the emergency ended and he had recovered from his illness, Ghosh started Aajkaal (This Time), in collaboration with a few associates.
After a short stint with Aajkal, he wrote for Anandabazar Patrika till the end.
His weekly satirical column was famous, as also a series of humorous stories. His mature work chose the rather neglected field of interaction between Hindu and Muslim societies.[4]
Among his lighter works, Brojoda, although not as popular as Ghanada and Tenida, has left his distinct mark in the so-called dada-literature of Bengal.[5]
This humanitarian writer-journalist was presented with many awards during his lifetime. Notable among them were:
 1. Ananda Purashkar for Literature (1970)
 2. Ko Joy Uk Memorial award (1976), from the South Korean Government.[6]
 3. Ramon Magsaysay Award (1981) for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts.[7]
 4. Maharashtra Government Award (1981).
 5. Bankim Puraskar (1982).
 6. Hardayal Harmony Award (1993).
 7. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Award (1993).[8]
List of major works[edit]
Short story collections:
 1. Ei Kolkatay (1952)
 2. Mon Maney Na (1955)
 3. Sagina Mahato (1969)
 4. Poschimbongo Ek Promod Toroni, Ha ha! (1969)
 5. Aamra Jekhaney (June 1970)
 6. "Prem ney"
 7. "Jol Porey Pata Norey
Personal life[edit]
He had two daughters and a son. He was known for his spartan living.
His early political inspiration came from M. N. Roy's Radical Humanism, but in his later years he veered towards the ideals of Gandhi.
He was arrested in 1975, as per the controversial MISA Act.
A vocal supporter and advocate of journalistic rights and right to expression, he had been in many instances in opposition to the prevailing conditions, and had to bear censure of the prevailing authorities for his struggles.
Sagina Mahato, a story written by him in remembrance of a colleague of his in his political activist past, was successfully adopted into movies in Hindi (Sagina)[9] and Bengali (Sagina Mahato)[10] by Tapan Sinha, with the famous thespian Dilip Kumar playing the part of the protagonist Sagina Mahato in both instances.


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Uzi Zahavi, Ariel Felner, Jonathan Schaeffer, Nathan Sturtevant.
In the field of heuristic search it is well-known that improving the quality of an admissible heuristic can significantly decrease the search effort required to find an optimal solution. Existing literature often assumes that admissible heuristics are consistent, implying that consistency is a desirable attribute. To the contrary, this paper shows that an inconsistent heuristic can be preferable to a consistent heuristic. Theoretical and empirical results show that, in many cases, inconsistency can be used to achieve large performance improvements. The conventional wisdom about inconsistent heuristics is wrong.
Subjects: 15.7 Search; 15.7 Search
Submitted: Apr 24, 2007


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Kangaroos – The 100 Days Project: Day 23
'The Scapegoat', William Holman Hunt, 1854
A scapegoat, according to the Pocket Oxford Dictionary, is a person (or animal) blamed for the shortcomings of others. The idea is initially presented in the Old Testament, in the sixteenth chapter of Leviticus, where 'the Lord' details to Moses the process by which animals are to be offered up in sacrifice for the expiation of sin. A bullock is to be used for a sin offering, a ram for a burnt offering, and two goats, over whom lots should be cast, to determine which one should be slaughtered, and which one loaded up with the sins of the people and sent into the wilderness, 'unto a land not inhabited'. I.E. deal with your sins by loading them up upon some unsuspecting creature, and send that creature as far away into the wilderness as you can.
I'm not sure that it isn't that way with the kangaroos: loaded with the sins of the people, and then, rather than sent into the wilderness (for what wilderness is there, not claimed by the sheep or cattle industries?), shot, as if they were the sinners. There are various reasons for the deep-seated, almost pathological hatred so many Australians have toward the kangaroo, and I've already discussed some of them, but surely a kind of scapegoating is part of it. Those who would use a land harshly, for purposes it is not well suited to serve, find themselves, whether consciously or not (one suspects it's the not), generating myths of its harshness. Australia, for example, is known as a land affected by frequent droughts, but is it? What is a drought? Did the indigenous Australians experience these long, rainless periods as drought? Or does drought come about as a term – enter the mind and the discourse – when one needs rain, or at least more rain than is given (when one has brought to this place crops, herds, that need rain; when one has made them the source of one's livelihood, so that one needs rain for one's livelihood)? The Australian grazier can do nothing about drought, cannot go out and shout at the skies, demanding it cease. He/she, in this regard, is impotent. He/she cannot make rain happen, cannot make what he/she sees as his/her grass grow. He/she sees his/her herds starving, sees kangaroos managing – for they, after all, are adapted to the land and its cycles – better than the sheep, the cattle, and hates them for it, blames them for the lack of grass. The grazier cannot do anything about drought, but he/she can do something about kangaroos. The kangaroos become the focus of the grazier's frustration, and killing them becomes a means of relieving him/her of his/her pent impotence. When sheep and cattle are the priority, in landscapes not suited to them, landscapes they in so many ways damage and denude, what chance do kangaroos have?


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Alforsite is a mineral, Ba5Cl(PO4)3, composed of barium, phosphorus, chlorine, and oxygen. It was discovered in 1981, and named to honor geologist John T. Alfors of the California Division of Mines and Geology for his work in the area where it was discovered.
Alforsite is a hexagonal colorless crystal in the chemical class phosphates and the group apatite. It is found in certain parts of central California, primarily Fresno, Mariposa, and Tulare Counties. It has also been found in Baja California, Mexico.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Bin Activators and Discharge Aids Information
Bin activators and discharge aids are solids feeder valves with integral vibrators to promote material flow and prevent material bridging. They are used to promote the steady flow of granular or powdered materials from storage bins, hoppers, or silos. Bin activators and discharge are made of stainless steel or carbon steel and mount directly to material handling equipment. Most products include a unitized vibrator or gyrator that moves dry material toward a narrow opening on a first-in, first-out basis. Cone-shaped, dish-shaped, or multi-sloped baffles promote mass flow and reduce particle segregation. To prevent slippage or leakage, a heavy-duty sleeve can be attached with steel clamps or bolts. In some cases, vibratory bin activators and discharge aids are used in conjunction with aerators or bin fluidizers, devices which inject air along an internal area of the bin to break up bridges or arches in bulk material.
Product specifications for bin activators and discharge aids include materials of construction, number of baffles, baffle shape, outer diameter (OD), inner diameter (ID), and mounting style. Outlet sizes are based on the required flow rate or connections to downstream equipment. Bin activators with unitized vibrators or gyrators carry specifications for motor speed, power, force, and voltage. Motor speed measures the speed of the rotating element and is typically expressed in revolutions per minute (rpm). Power, the motor output rating, sometimes reflects nominal rather than exact values. For motorized vibrators or gyrators, force represents the centrifugal force generated by the rotating eccentric mass. For piston-based devices, force is added by the reciprocation. For both types of bin activators and discharge aids, force is typically measured in pounds (lbs).
Bin activators and discharge aids include air cannons, bin aeration systems, bin activator systems, and bin vibrators. Air cannons use large pressurized blasts over a short time period to help move the material. Bin activators are cone or funnel-shaped systems that use vibrators and a cone/funnel attachment. They may also include a cone-shaped baffle. Bin vibrators are industrial vibrators that can be attached to the exterior of a bin, hopper, or silo to help with the movement of material. Other types of bin activators and discharge aids are also available.
Bin activators and discharge aids differ in terms of features, approvals and certifications. Some products are washdown-capable or rated for sanitary applications such as food processing and beverage bottling. Others provide explosion-proof housing or intrinsically safe (IS) wiring for hazardous areas or potentially explosive environments. Bin activators and discharge aids with abrasion-resistant surface coatings and adjustable nozzles are also available. Suppliers usually indicate whether a bin activator complies with standards from organizations such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).


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Anniversaries provide an opportunity to look back and reflect, but also to look to the future. In this respect the celebration of 70 years of the NHS is no different.
The transformation of the education of healthcare professionals to degree level qualifications including evidence-based critical thinking, advanced clinical practice and academic scholarly research is one of the most significant changes in the NHS' 70-year history. Along with the development of regulation and national standards it has strengthened the professional identity of healthcare professionals
Education has evolved from being focused on practical skills taught in a hospital to academic theory and practice taught in a multitude of settings and the use of technology has enabled blended methods of learning. Research and the discovery of new findings has enabled improvements in practice and degree education has offered the evidence to reduce harm to patients and promote good health and wellbeing.
At the same time, healthcare degree programmes have a proud record in widening participation and enabling students from different social and ethnic backgrounds to enter higher education. Mature students bring with them valuable experience, often as service users, and make up a significant proportion of the student body.
Today's healthcare student has a myriad of future career possibilities. Their professions are no longer only about leading care in an acute setting. They are also about carrying out research that will transform lives, advocating for healthcare policy improvements, supporting families and carers, leading on charity work, directing care and managing large organisations in complex settings. As healthcare delivery is increasingly moving to e-health and digital services, there are already more opportunities for innovation in the way we deliver education in the future in an even more agile, global and transportable way.
The last 70 years have also brought significant changes in the focus of teaching healthcare as a treatment and cure of a disease in the narrowest of terms to moving steadily towards leading holistic care, promoting public health and prevention and proactively looking after the wellbeing of our population. With the rise in conditions such as diabetes and obesity and the impact of climate change, one can only predict that the education of now and the very near future will be even more about cross-disciplinary scholarly delivery, combining healthcare education with engineering, environmental studies, politics and digital technology. There is no doubt in our minds that a stronger focus on global and public health will undoubtedly be required as a pivotal part of our education programmes.
The history of healthcare professionals is intertwined with the history of their education. Whatever the challenges of the next 70 years, the education of our future health professionals will continue to equip them to provide the high quality of care for which the allied health, midwifery and nursing professions are renowned and respected.
As we celebrate the past 70 years of the NHS, let us use this as an opportunity to emphasise and raise our voices on the potential that education and research can have in shaping the next 70 years of health care across the UK and globally.
Professor Brian Webster-Henderson Professor Jan Draper
Chair, Council of Deans of Health Vice Chair, Council of Deans of Health


copy the complete content of the named variables, this is not so in the case of a capture. When I change sinthelastexample, thecontentofcap changes too, because when parameters to a routine are variables, they are also interpolated in the moment the routine is called, not when it's defined.
Properties and Traits
scope declarator, scopes
my $var;
our $var;
Assignment and Binding
my _USER_ = [1,2],[3,4];
Since every variable in Perl 6 is a reference, programmers can use binding to get 2 variables that point to the same memory location.
$original = 5;
$original = 3;
say $mirror; # prints 3
$original =:= $mirror # true, because they're bound together
$original === $mirror # also true, because content and type are equal
Special Variables
are listed in Index B. To understand their secondary sigil click here.


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Black racers are a common species of snake that lives in North and Central America. They are also known as "eastern racers," though they do not only live in eastern North America.
These snakes live throughout the United States, with the exception of large portions of the Midwest. There are several different subspecies of black racer, and not all subspecies are black! Read on to learn about the black racer.
Description of the Black Racer
The appearance of this snake species varies based on the region. All of the subspecies have rather shiny scales, but their color varies from black and gray, to bluish and brown.
The young, juvenile snakes have patterns across their scales, usually in red or brown. Once the young snakes reach 30 in. long they usually lose these patterns and assume a more uniform color. Adults grow up to 5 feet long, and weigh a little over a pound.
Interesting Facts About the Black Racer
Because these snakes are so common, they are relatively well-known creatures. While many people can identify black racers, far fewer know much more about these snakes.
- Coluber constrictor – Despite their species name of "constrictor," these snakes are not particularly constrictor-like. Other constrictors wrap their muscular bodies around their prey, and squeeze to suffocate them. Black racers do not constrict their prey.
- Nonvenomous – While they do not constrict their prey, they also do not use venom to subdue potential meals. Black racers are not venomous, and while their sharp teeth might hurt, they do not have the dangerous venom of some other species.
- Group Egg Laying – Most racers find a nice secluded space to lay their eggs, like an old log or a pile of rotting leaves. However, some racers lay eggs in large, communal nests. In fact, researchers found a single communal nest on one occasion with over 300 eggs inside!
- Spook Snake – Like many other species of snakes, black racers use a number of different methods while attempting to escape predators. If they cannot swiftly escape into a nearby bush or rock pile, they will coil their bodies and rattle their tails. They do not have rattles, like the venomous rattlesnake does, but if they shake their tail in dry leaves or branches the sound is quite similar and scares away predators.
Habitat of the Black Racer
Black racers live in a variety of different ecosystems within their range. Because they live in so many different areas, they must be flexible to survive. Some of their favorite habitats are grasslands and fields, open woodlands, and the edges of forests.
They also live in swamps, marshes, along the edges of lakes, and more. Because they live in northern portions of the United States, they frequently encounter cold seasons. During these times they retreat to the safety of the dense vegetation and go into a hibernation-like state.
Distribution of the Black Racer
This species of snake has a relatively large range. They live as far north as southern Canada, and as far south as Guatemala. In the United States, they live along both the East Coast and the West Coast, with their only absence in the Midwest. They also spread down from Texas into portions of Mexico and into Guatemala. Different regions commonly have different subspecies of racers.
Diet of the Black Racer
Like most snakes, black racers are carnivorous, which means they eat meat. Their diet depends on their age and location. Younger snakes frequently prey on lizards, small snakes, frogs, insects, and small rodents.
Adults eat all of the above, and also feed on small birds, eggs, squirrels, rats, mice, small rabbits, and more. Instead of squeezing their food like a constrictor, these snakes simply hold their prey down so that they can swallow it whole.
Black Racer and Human Interaction
Because racers live in urban and agricultural areas, they run across the path of humans pretty frequently. However, black racers are not dangerous to humans in the slightest. In fact, they pose no threat to humans in any way, and usually attempt to flee if confronted. Additionally, these snakes hunt pesky animals like mice and rats, making them beneficial to people.
Humans have not domesticated racer snakes in any way.
Does the Black Racer Make a Good Pet
Unlike some other species of snakes, racers do not make good pets. They are not particularly docile animals, and rarely become accustomed to handling. These snakes are accustomed to traveling long distances, so they do not thrive in small habitats.
Black Racer Care
In a zoological setting, zookeepers handle racers infrequently to reduce stress. They keep them in relatively large habitats for their size, because they are active snakes. Feeding them is relatively simple, because they eat small rodents in the wild. Like any other reptile, racers also need a light source and a heat source to thrive.
Behavior of the Black Racer
These snakes usually cruise along at approximately 4 mph, and search for potential prey. They commonly hide in burrows, rotten logs, rock crevices, and other hidden areas. These snakes use their eyesight and sense of smell to search for prey and watch for predators.
When threatened, these snakes flee quickly to cover. If cornered, they coil up, rattle their tails, and strike. Also, they writhe around if grabbed.
Reproduction of the Black Racer
Black racers breed in spring and lay their eggs in summer. A typical batch of eggs, called a "clutch," can contain anywhere from 3 to 32 eggs. The sun incubates the eggs, and they usually hatch within a month or two.
Young snakes are up to 2 feet long at hatching, and do not receive any maternal care. they reach sexual maturity anywhere between 1 and 3 years of age.


Accordion Plus
The Accordion Plus snippet is used to hide information under a heading. When clicked, the box expands to display the full text. This allows for more information to be put on a page without overwhelming the reader. The Accordion Plus snippet uses an plus sign to indicate that more content lies below the heading.
How to Create an Accordion Plus
 1. Place the cursor on your page where you want the Accordion Plus snippet.
 2. Click on the Snippet icon in your tool bar (it looks like a puzzle piece), then choose Accordion Plus.
 3. Edit the Accordion Plus as needed. In Edit mode, the Accordion Plus is shown as two boxes. The top box contains bold text and is the text that will be shown when the accordion is not expanded. Below that is a larger box with more text. This text will only be shown when the arrow is clicked on.
Your content goes here. Bold text. Italic text. Link


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Filters are generally programs which read some input text from standard input, perform some modifications on it, and write the modified text to standard output. While a single filter can be used individually, they are frequently strung together to form a pipeline. Boxes is such a filter program.
Some text editors support filters, which is to say they offer a way to let filter programs make changes to the text being edited. By pressing a key, the user tells the editor to start the filter program (e.g. boxes) and feed it the lines of text selected in the editor. Those lines are subsequently replaced with the output from the filter program.
Here's an example using boxes:
Imagine your editor (in this case, it's Vim) shows the following C code (it could be any text, of course):
Now you mark some of the lines …
… and press the key which makes vim call the filter program boxes:
Voilá! The marked lines have been fed to boxes and replaced by the output of boxes. You've got yourself a box! Of course the same mechanism works for box removal - or anything else you can find a filter for.
Please see the installation section in the boxes docs for more info on how to make your editor work with boxes.


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In general when a factory method returns an instance of the created object, in C++, it is a pointer to a dynamically created memory or a resource.
Resource* factory(); // allocates dynamically
Factory method pattern does not talk about the lifetime of the object it creates. It depends upon the caller of the factory to release the resource. It can do better here. A factory method can act smarter by returing the dynamically allocated pointer by wrapping it in an automatic pointer (auto_ptr).
auto_ptr factory(); // allocates dynamically
Returning an automatic pointer strongly indicates ownership transfer as well as
takes care of releasing the resource.
auto_ptr rtemp;
rtemp = factory();
} // rtemp freed here automatically even in the face of exceptions!!
SRC: Scott Meyers


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Asset Distance and Search Radius
For each polygon geofence that covers the asset position or is close to it, the Geofencing Extension API returns the geofence geometry together with the asset's distance to this geometry.
- The asset is outside of the geofence – the distance is the straight line to the closest border of the geofence. This is always the case for line and point geofences.
- The asset is inside the geofence – the distance is the straight line to the closest border of the polygon, with a negative sign.
- The asset is outside of the search radius – the geofence is not listed in the response.
- The asset is inside the polygon but further away from the border of the search radius – a special value indicating "far inside" is returned.
In your application, you can use the asset distance to generate events with different severity levels based on specific distance thresholds. You can also suppress superfluous events if the asset is moving along the geofence border, such as, entering or leaving the geofence frequently without a significant change in the asset distance.
- within the polygon 250m from the closest border
- within the polygon more than 20km from the closest border
- outside the geofence 333m from the closest border
- outside the geofence more than 20km from the closest border (this value applies to all non-listed geofences, when the asset is outside of the search radius)
Events such as entering, leaving, flickering along the border of the geofence, or re-entering the geofence do not receive an explicit response; only the asset distances. The same applies to a sequence of events, such as the asset entering the geofence for the third time or leaving for the second time on the same day.


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The Envisioning Inclusive FUTURES Summit Proceedings have been published by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center for Wireless Technologies (Wireless RERC) on our website. The Summit focused on 1) key social, economic, political and technological forces at play in the migration from legacy, analog technologies to mobile, digital technologies, and 2) the consequential futures for people with disabilities. The Proceedings concluded that a variety of technological solutions exist whether discussing the present or the future, and more are under development, to facilitate the ability of people with disabilities to engage in life activities. Transformative ideas and common visionary themes addressed wireless technologies and systems that could stimulate inclusive solutions such as robotics, wearables, the Internet of Things, next-generation emergency communications and alerts, and assistive intelligence for auditory and visual navigation. Looking to an inclusive future, not only were research and policy agenda items identified, but also challenges and recommendations on how to reach a future of inclusiveness. Following are a few findings:
- Usability is critical – technology needs to be "out of the box" ready. The design process should be enhanced so that devices be intuitively usable, or conversely, be easily personalizable.
- Education, outreach and awareness efforts should be dynamic and integral to both ongoing and adaptive/changing environments. This is in reference to not only technology, but to the changing circumstances of people with disabilities.
- Products and services should be universally designed and also take into account cultural sensitivity.
The visionary theme from the opening to the concluding dialog emphasized: A transformative future is an inclusive future. This became the key take-away for reinforcing the Wireless RERC's commitment to ensure an accessible mobile wireless future for people with disabilities.


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U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Vehicle Technologies Office – Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity
Photo courtesy of Next Generation Power
Long-haul trucks idling overnight consume more than 838 million gallons of fuel each year. So why do truckers keep their engines idling when they're not in motion? Idling engines heat and cool the cabin, generate electricity for amenities, operate a generator, and eliminate the difficulty of starting a cold engine.
Alternatives to idling that do not involve using a truck's high-horsepower, high-torque engine to produce power for overnight needs could save a significant amount of fuel, reduce emissions, and cut operating costs. The Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA) team is investigating current technology alternatives to engine idling. See the Heavy-Duty Truck Idle Reduction Technology Demonstrations (PDF 244 KB). Download Adobe Reader.


(By Solomon.) A Prayer for God To Guide and Help the King 72 1Please help the king to be honest and fair just like you, our God. 2Let him be honest and fair with all your people, especially the poor. 3Let peace and justice rule every mountain and hill. 4Let the king defend the poor, rescue the homeless, and crush everyone who hurts them. 5Let the king live[O] forever like the sun and the moon. 6Let him be as helpful as rain that refreshes the meadows and the ground. 7Let the king be fair with everyone, and let there be peace until the moon falls from the sky. 8 Let his kingdom reach from sea to sea, from the Euphrates River across all the earth. 9Force the desert tribes to accept his rule, and make his enemies crawl in the dirt. 10Force the rulers of Tarshish[P] and of the islands to pay taxes to him. Make the kings of Sheba and of Seba[Q] bring gifts. 11Make other rulers bow down and all nations serve him. 12Do this because the king rescues the homeless when they cry out, and he helps everyone who is poor and in need. 13The king has pity on the weak and the helpless and protects those in need. 14He cares when they hurt, and he saves them from cruel and violent deaths. 15Long live the king! Give him gold from Sheba. Always pray for the king and praise him each day. 16Let cities overflow with food and hills be covered with grain, just like Mount Lebanon. Let the people in the cities prosper like wild flowers. 17May the glory of the king shine brightly forever like the sun in the sky. Let him make nations prosper and learn to praise him. 18LORD God of Israel, we praise you. Only you can work miracles. 19We will always praise your glorious name. Let your glory be seen everywhere on earth. Amen and amen. 20This ends the prayers of David, the son of Jesse.
Can i read the Bible on my phone/tablet?
Selected Verses


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Currently, the NN logs its edits to each of its edits directories in sequence. This can produce the following bad sequence:
- NN accumulates 100 edits (tx 1-100) in the buffer. Writes and syncs to local drive, then crashes
- Failover occurs. SBN takes over at txid=1, since txid 1 never got writen.
- First NN restarts. It reads up to txid 100 from its local directories. It is now "ahead" of the active NN with inconsistent state.
The solution is to write to the shared edits dir, and sync that, before writing to any local drives.


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and of every clean bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar" (Genesis 8:20). If Noah had taken only two clean animals from which to choose when sacrificing to God after departing the ark, then he would have driven the various kinds of clean beasts and birds into extinction by sacrificing one of each pair. Thus, after God told Noah to take two of every kind of animal into the ark, He then instructed him to take extras of the clean animals. Similar to how Genesis chapter 2 supplements the first chapter of Genesis by giving a more detailed account of the Creation (see Lyons, 2002), the first portion of Genesis 7 merely supplements the end of the preceding chapter, "containing several particulars of a minute description which were not embraced in the general directions first given to Noah" (Jamieson, et al., 1997).
One translation difficulty, which should not trouble a person's faith, revolves around the actual number of clean animals taken into the ark. Through the years, various Bible students have wondered whether this number was seven or fourteen (Genesis 7:2). The Hebrew phrase shibb'ah shibb'ah is translated somewhat vaguely in both the King James and American Standard versions. [According to the King James Version, clean animals were taken into the ark "by sevens" (Genesis 7:2). The American Standard Version has the clean animals taken "seven and seven."] Newer translations are worded more clearly, but there is general disagreement among them. The New King James and New International versions both agree that Noah took seven of each clean animal into the ark, whereas the Revised Standard Version, the New English Bible, and the English Standard Version all translate shibb'ah shibb'ah to mean "seven pairs" of clean animals. Although some believe that "there can be no certainty on this point" (Willis, 1979, p. 171), H.C. Leupold argued that the Hebrew phrase shibb'ah shibb'ah "would be a most clumsy method of trying to say 'fourteen' (1990, 1:290). Comparing similar language within Genesis 7, Whitcomb and Morris persuasively argued: "The Hebrew phrase 'seven and seven' no more means fourteen than does the parallel phrase 'two and two' (Gen. 7:9,15) mean four!" (1961, p. 65).
Still another allegation skeptics make concerning Genesis 7:2 is that "[c]lean and unclean animals were not delineated until the eleventh chapter of Leviticus. The Mosaic law arose 600 years after the Flood. There were no Jews, Israelites, or clean/unclean animals in Noah's time" (McKinsey, 1983b, p. 1). Thus, regardless of how one answers the question concerning the number of animals on the ark, this second allegation still lingers in the minds of skeptics. Supposedly, instructions regarding clean and unclean animals were not given until hundreds of years after the Flood (see Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14).
Skeptics refuse to see, however, that simply because Moses made laws concerning clean and unclean animals at a much later time than the Flood, does not mean that such rules concerning animals could not have existed prior to Moses—yes, even prior to the Flood. As commentator John Willis noted: "A law or a truth does not have to have its origin with a certain individual or religion to be a vital part of that religion or to be distinctive in that religion" (p. 170). Jesus, for example, was not the first person to teach that man needs to love God with all of his heart (cf. Deuteronomy 6:5), or that man must love his neighbor (cf. Leviticus 19:18), and his enemies (cf. Proverbs 25:21-22). Yet these teachings were central to Christ's message (cf. Matthew 22:34-40; Matthew 5:43-48). Similarly, simply because God chose circumcision as a sign between Himself and Abraham's descendants, does not mean that no male in the history of mankind had ever been circumcised before the circumcision of Abraham and his household (Genesis 17). What's more, Moses wrote in the book of Leviticus years after Abraham lived: "If a woman has conceived, and borne a male child, then she shall be unclean seven days; as in the days of her customary impurity she shall be unclean. And on the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised" (12:2-3, emp. added). Moses, however, was not laying down a new law. On the contrary, he knew very well what was expected from God concerning the matter of circumcision, even before he included this sort of instruction as part of Mosaic Law (read Exodus 4:24-26).
For skeptics to allege that differentiation between clean and unclean animals was nonexistent prior to Moses, is totally unsubstantiated. Mankind had been sacrificing animals since the fall of man (cf. Genesis 3:20). That God had given laws concerning animal sacrifices since the time of Cain and Abel is evident from the fact that the second son of Adam was able to offer an animal sacrifice "by faith" (Hebrews 11:4; Genesis 4:4). Since "faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God" (Romans 10:17), Abel must have received revelation from God on how to offer acceptable animal sacrifices. Such revelation easily could have dealt with which sacrificial animals were acceptable ("clean"), and which were unacceptable ("unclean"). Furthermore, more than 400 hundred years before Moses gave the Israelites laws differentiating clean and unclean animals, God made a covenant with Abraham concerning the land that his descendants eventually would possess (Genesis 15). Part of the "sign" that Abraham was given at that time involved the killing of a heifer, a female goat, a ram, a turtledove, and a pigeon (Genesis 15:9). "It just so happens" that all of these animals were later considered clean under the Law of Moses (cf. Leviticus 1:2,10,14).
Without a doubt, the distinction between clean and unclean animals existed long before the Law of Moses was given. Although this distinction did not include all of the details and applications given by Moses (prior to the Flood the distinction seems only to have applied to the matter of animals suitable for sacrifice, not for consumption—cf. Genesis 9:2-3), animal sacrifice to God was practiced during the Patriarchal Age, and it is apparent that the faithful were able to distinguish between the clean and unclean. Noah certainly knew of the difference.
HOW DID NOAH'S ARK REST ON THE MOUNTAINS OF ARARAT?
In Genesis 8:4, the Bible indicates that Noah's ark rested "on the mountains of Ararat." This statement, like so many others in Genesis 6-9, has come under attack by critics. For example, in his two-part article on the Flood, skeptic Dennis McKinsey asked: "How could the Ark have rested upon several mountains at once?" (1983a, p. 2). Three months later, McKinsey commented on the passage again, saying, "Gen. 8:4 says 'mountains,' plural, not 'a mountain,' singular.... Apologists repeatedly say one should read the Bible as one reads a newspaper, which is what I am doing. I assume the book says what it means and means what it says" (1984, p. 3). How could the ark rest on more than one mountain?
Although the ark was a huge vessel, it obviously did not rest on more than one of the mountains of Ararat. So why then does the text literally say "the mountains of Ararat?" The answer involves the understanding of a figure of speech known as synecdoche. Merriam-Webster defines this term as "a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole (as fifty sail for fifty ships), the whole for a part (as society for high society)...or the name of the material for the thing made (as boards for stage)" (2008, italics in orig.). Just as Bible writers frequently used figures of speech such as simile, metaphor, sarcasm, and metonymy, they also used synecdoche. As seen above (in the definition of synecdoche), this figure of speech can be used in a variety of ways (see Dungan, 1888, pp. 300-309):
A whole can be put for the part.
A part may be put for the whole.
Time might be put for part of a time period.
The singular can be put for the plural.
And the plural can be put for the singular.
In Genesis 8:4, the plural obviously was put for the singular. Only a few chapters later this same figure of speech is used again. Sarah asked, "Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse children? For I have borne him a son in his old age" (Genesis 21:7, emp. added). Anyone who knows much about the history of the Old Testament and the genealogy of Christ knows that Sarah had but one child (Isaac). In certain contexts, however, one might use a synecdoche and speak of one child (as did Sarah) by using the word "children." Often, when I call for the


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Presentation on theme: "Country-led impact evaluation: A survey of development practitioners Denis Jobin Vice-President IDEAS."— Presentation transcript:
Country-led impact evaluation: A survey of development practitioners Denis Jobin Vice-President IDEAS
Presentation outline Relation between Good governance and CLE (CLIE: country-led impact evaluation) CLIE and Quality Survey results of development evaluators practitioners
Why Country-led Evaluation? Relation between Country-led evaluation and good governance: transaction costs – Relationship with 3 out of 6 characteristics of good governance (WB) Voice and accountability Government effectiveness Control of corruption
Why Country-led Evaluation? CLIE and Quality – No agreed upon definition of Evaluation quality – Should be method free or method driven? Farrington, D Statistical Conclusion Validity Internal Validity Construct Validity External Validity Jobin, D. – the joint ability that an evaluator will1- assess and 2- report on the performance of an institutional arrangement by the product of its competence (ability to assess) and the product of its independence (ability of revealing)
Why Country-led Evaluation? Survey results: – Dominant approach: The Logical Framework Approach – Dominant method: case study – Counterfactuals important? – 41% believe not important (32% are important) Conclusion: Many challenges remains, Capacity, agreed upon definitions standards, quality.


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Horses and ponies are popular companion animals; there are estimated to be between 600,000 and just under a million in the UK.
There are many different breeds of horses and ponies, varying in size, body shape and temperament.
Although their working lives, the period when they can be ridden or driven, may be much shorter, they can live well into their thirties and many can live for much longer.
Your duty to care
Owning and caring for a horse or pony is great fun and immensely rewarding. But it is also a big responsibility and a long-term commitment, in terms of care, hard work and finances.
Horses and ponies have very complex needs so looking after them well can be challenging. If you own or are responsible for a horse or pony, even on a temporary basis, you are required by law to care for it properly.
Read more about the Animal Welfare Act and your duty of care to your animals.
The five welfare needs
There is no one 'perfect' way to care for all horses and ponies because every animal and every situation is different. It is up to you how you look after your horse or pony, but you must take reasonable steps to ensure that you meet all its needs.
Read our expert reviewed pet care information to find out more about the needs of horses and ponies:
Environment, Diet, Behaviour, Company, Health and welfare.
 Department for Environment, Food and Agriculture (Defra) & British Horse Industry Confederation (BHIC), 2004. A report of research on the horse industry in Great Britain.


BCn Texture Compression
A widely available texture compression comes from S3, mostly due to Microsoft licensing it and including it into DirectX 7. It uses the file format.dds (DirectDraw Surface), which is basically a copy of the texture in video memory. Every graphics accelerator compatible with DirectX 7 or higher supports this texture compression.
The BCn Formats are:
BC1 = DXT1 = 8 Bytes per Block, Accuracy: R5G6B5 or R5G5B5A1 (0.5 Byte/Texel)
BC2 = DXT3 = 16 Bytes per Block, Accuracy: R5G6B5A8 (1 Byte/Texel)
BC3 = DXT5 = 16 Bytes per Block, Accuracy: R5G6B5A8 (1 Byte/Texel)
BC4 = Basically this is only the alpha channel from DXT5 without the color channel. CompressedRedRgtc1 (0.5 Byte/Texel)
BC5 = This is 2 channels of BC4, twice the size. CompressedRgRgtc1 (1 Byte/Texel)
BC1, 2 and 3 from EXT_texture_compression_s3tc (DirectX7+ Hardware)
BC4 and 5 from ARB_texture_compression_rtgc. (~DirectX10 Hardware)
The formats DXT2 and DXT4 do exist, but they include pre-multiplied Alpha which is problematic when blending with images with explicit Alpha (RGBA, DXT3/5, etc). That's why those formats have barely been used, and are partially not supported by hardware and export/import tools and they have no BCn number.
Compressed vs. Uncompressed
Texture compression encodes the whole Image into blocks of 4x4 Texel, instead of storing every single Texel of the Image. Thus the ideal compressed Texture dimension is a multiple of 4, like 640x480 or a power of 2, which can be nicely fit into these Blocks. This is the ideal and not a restriction, the specification allows any non-power-of-two dimension, but will internally use a 4x4 Block for a Texture with the size of 2x1 (the other Texels in the Block are undefined).
You probably guessed it already, there is a catch involved when reliably shrinking an image to 25% of it's uncompressed size: A lossy compression technique. This quality loss involved, which can be altered by tweaking the Filter options when compressing the image, is different to the one used in JPG compression. Although both formats -.dds and.jpg - are designed to compress an Image, the S3TC format was developed with graphics hardware in mind.
A bilinear Texture lookup usually reads 2x2 Texels from the Texture and interpolates those 4 Texels to get the final Color. Since a Block consists of 4x4 Texels, there is a good chance that all 4 Texels - which must be examined for the bilinear lookup - are in the same Block. This means that the worst case scenario involves reading 4 Blocks, but usually only 1-2 Blocks are used to achieve the bilinear lookup. When using uncompressed Textures, every bilinear lookup requires reading 4 Texels.
If you do the maths now you will notice that the compressed image actually needs 16 Bytes for 1 Block of RGBA Color, but the uncompressed 4 Texels of RGBA need 16 Bytes too. And yes, if you would only draw a single Pixel on the screen all this would not bring any noticable performance gains, actually it would be slower if multiple Blocks must be read to do the lookup.
However in OpenGL you typically draw more than a single Pixel, at least a Triangle. When the Triangle is rasterized, alot of Pixels will be very close to each other, which means their 2x2 lookup is very likely in the same 4x4 Block used by the last lookup, or a close neighbour. Graphic cards usually support this locality by using a small amount of memory in the chip for a dedicated Texture Cache. If a Cache hit is made, the cost for reading the Texels is very low, compared to reading from Video Memory.
That's why S3TC does decrease render times: the earlier mentioned 16 Bytes of a DXTn Block contain 16 Texels (1 Byte per Texel), while 16 Bytes of uncompressed Texture only contain 4 Texels (4 Bytes per Texel). Alot more data is stored in the 16 Bytes of DXTn, and alot of lookups will be able to use the fast Texture Cache. The game Quake 3 Arena's Framerate increases by ~20% when using compressed Textures, compared to using uncompressed Textures.
Although you might be convinced now that Texture Compression is something worth looking into, do handle it with care. After all, it's a lossy compression Technique which introduces compression Artifacts into the Texture. For Textures that are close to the Viewer this will be noticed, that's why 2D Elements which are drawn very close to the near Plane - like the Mouse Cursor, Fonts or User Interface Elements like the Health display - are usually done with uncompressed Textures, which do not suffer from Artifacts.
As a rule of thumb, do not use Texture Compression where 1 Texel in the Texture will map to 1 Pixel on the Screen.
Using OpenTK.Utilities.dds loader
At the time of writing, the.dds loader included with OpenTK can handle compressed 2D Textures and compressed Cube Maps. Keep in mind that the loader expects a valid OpenGL Context to be present. It will only read the file from disk and upload all MipMap levels to OpenGL. It will NOT set minification/magnification filter or wrapping mode, because it cannot guess how you intent to use it.
void LoadFromDisk( string filename, bool flip, out int texturehandle, out TextureTarget dimension)
Input Parameter: filename
A string used to locate the DDS file on the harddisk, note that escape-sequences like "\n" are NOT stripped from the string.
Input Parameter: flip
The DDS format is designed to be used with DirectX, and that defines GL.TexCoord2(0.0, 0.0) at top-left, while OpenGL uses bottom-left. If you wish to use the default OpenGL Texture Matrix, the Image must be flipped before loading it as Texture into OpenGL.
Output Parameter: texturehandle
If there occured any error while loading, the loader will return "0" in this parameter. If >0 it's a valid Texture that can be used with GL.BindTexture.
Output Parameter: dimension
This parameter is used to identify what was loaded, currently it can return "Invalid", "Texture2D" or "TextureCube".
Example Usage
TextureTarget ImageTextureTarget;
int ImageTextureHandle;
ImageDDS.LoadFromDisk( @"", true, out ImageTextureHandle, out ImageTextureTarget );
if ( ImageTextureHandle == 0 || ImageTextureTarget == TextureTarget.Invalid )
 // loading failed
// load succeeded, Texture can be used.
GL.BindTexture( ImageTextureTarget, ImageTextureHandle );
GL.TexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, TextureParameterName.TextureMagFilter, (int) TextureMagFilter.Linear );
int[] MipMapCount = new int[1];
GL.GetTexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, GetTextureParameter.TextureMaxLevel, out MipMapCount[0] );
if ( MipMapCount == 0 ) // if no MipMaps are present, use linear Filter
 GL.TexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, TextureParameterName.TextureMinFilter, (int) TextureMinFilter.Linear );
else // MipMaps are present, use trilinear Filter
 GL.TexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, TextureParameterName.TextureMinFilter, (int) TextureMinFilter.LinearMipmapLinear );
Remember that you must first GL.Enable the states Texture2D or TextureCube, before using the Texture in drawing.
Useful links:
ATi Compressonator:
nVidia's Photoshop Plugin:
nVidia's GPU-accelerated Texture Tools:
Detailed comparison of uncompressed vs. compressed Images:
OpenGL Extension Specification:
Microsoft's.dds file format specification (was used to build the OpenTK.dds loader)
DXT Compression using CUDA
Real-Time YCoCg-DXT Compression
Last Update of the Links: January 2008


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Press Coverage of Archeological Find Varies; Goddess Figure about 40,000 Years Old
An archeological find in Germany that some scientists say changes the way they view Paleolithic art received press coverage that varies from the fairly objective to the clueless and distorted.
One of the best articles, with an excellent pictures of the Goddess figure, appears in May 14 issue of The Science Daily and is titled, "Ivory Venus Figurine from the Swabian Jura Rewrites Prehistory." It begins:
The 2008 excavations at Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany recovered a female figurine carved from mammoth ivory from the basal Aurignacian deposit. This figurine, which is the earliest depiction of a human, and one of the oldest known examples of figurative art worldwide, was made at least 35,000 years ago. This discovery radically changes our views of the context and meaning of the earliest Paleolithic art.Archaeologists have dubbed the figure the "Venus of Hohle Fels" and conclude that it is consistent with other carbon-dated finds to assume that it could be 40,000 years old. The Science Daily article continues:
Many of the features, including the emphasis on sexual attributes and lack of emphasis on the head, face and arms and legs, call to mind aspects of the numerous Venus figurines well known from the European Gravettien, which typically date between 22 and 27 ka BP. The careful depiction of the hands is reminiscent of those of Venuses including that of archetypal Venus of Willendorf, which was discovered 100 years earlier in summer of 1908. Despite the far greater age of the Venus of Hohle Fels, many of its attributes occur in various forms throughout the rich tradition of Paleolithic female representations.(Note: BP=Before Present)
The figure will be on display in Stuttgart, Germany in an exhibit called "Ice Age Art and Culture." Science Daily gives no specific location for the exhibit.
Meanwhile, over at the The Times (of London), this important archeological find is compared to porn. In an article headlined, "Prehistoric female figure 'earliest piece of erotic art uncovered' ", the Times reporter writes:
A piece of Prehistoric pornography carved from mammoth ivory at least 35,000 years ago may be the oldest known example of figurative art. The female figurine, which stands 6cm (2.4in) tall, has outsized breasts, huge buttocks, exaggerated genitals and open legs.He then quotes the equally clueless comment from Paul Mellars of the University of Cambridge, in the May 14 issue of Nature:
"The figure is explicitly — and blatantly — that of a woman, with an exaggeration of sexual characteristics, large, projecting breasts, a greatly enlarged and explicit vulva, and bloated belly and thighs, that by 21st-century standards could be seen as bordering on the pornographic."What are these people clueless about (possibly intentionally so)--is that far from being pornographic--or even erotic or bordering on porn--the figure is sacred sculpture from an era that honored the deity as female.To compare this (or similar) art to porn is insulting to women, shows ignorance of the knowledge of early religions we have from archeology and anthropology, and therefore is tantamount to comparing a depiction of Jesus' crucifixion to S&M.
The coverage over at the New York Times is a smidgeon more balanced than other Times, but still leaves a lot to be desired. Headlined, "Full Figured Statuette, 35,000 Years Old, Provides New Clues to How Art Evolved," the story begins:
No one would mistake the Stone Age ivory carving for a Venus de Milo. The voluptuous woman depicted is, to say the least, earthier, with huge, projecting breasts and sexually explicit genitals.The article also quotes Mellars' porn comparison but also includes some of his less colorful commentary. This article is accompanied by a video of the Goddess figure, and gives us the information that the figure is less than 2.5 inches long, weighs less than an ounce, and is carved with a ring at the top in place of a head, leading to speculation that the object was worn as a pendant.
Though archeologists say this object is the oldest of its kind, an article in the current Spring/Summer issue of Goddess Alive! by Goddess scholar and artist Lydia Ruyle, titled "The Acheulian Ancient Mother," is about a Goddess artifact found many many years earlier in the Golan Heights, Israel. Ruyle bases her conclusions on an article in The Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society, Vol. 19, Jerusalem 1986 and includes a pic.
TAGS:news Hohle Fels Venus spiritual feminism Goddess archeology Germany


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The seeds of the annual flowering plant, Nigella Sativa, have been prized for their healing properties since time immemorial. It is known today primarily as black seed, which is at the very least an accurate description of its physical appearance. Frequently referred to among English-speaking cultures as Roman coriander, black sesame, black cumin, black caraway and onion seed.
Early History: Black seed oil, in fact, was found in Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb, dating back to approximately 3,300 years ago. In Arabic cultures, black cumin is known as Habbatul barakah, meaning the "seed of blessing." It is also believed that the Islamic prophet Mohammed said of it that it is "a remedy for all diseases except death."
Benefits include: improving immune function, balancing cholesterol, fighting infections, fighting harmful pathogens, reducing inflammation, reducing risk of certain cancers and improving cognitive performance. Other benefits includes supporting liver health, combating type-2 diabetes, improving skin health, supporting eye health and supporting hair growth.
How we use Black Seed Oil:
- By mouth: In the morning and again at night, take a teaspoon on an empty stomach and a teaspoon at night right before going to bed.
- Topically: Hair Growth--Massage a few drops on scalp and concentrate any problem areas. Facial Care--Take a half a teaspoon and massage on face and neck, then grab a hot washcloth to ensure the Black Seed Oil penetrates while removing the excess oil.
Note: Black Seed Oil, cold pressed of the highest quality is thick, dark with a strong spicy smell. However, the result are amazing when you use it regularly.


text:
Number of pages: 72
Type of document: Book
Download full text pdf, 480 kB; opens in new window
Order at "De Boekerij"
More information on authors/freelancers connected to LBI :
Christa W. van Tellingen M.D.
Language of document: English
Title in English: Biochemistry, from the series: Bolks' Companions
Abstract / summary in English:
Biochemistry offers insight into the continuous changes within the human organism. But can we maintain awareness of the coherence of the (changing) organism as we study the details? How can the many processes be understood as prototypical aspects of a unique organism? Is there a relation between biochemical processes in the single organism and processes in nature as a whole?
The scope of the answers to these questions can be enhanced by using a combination of the current scientific method and a phenomenological method developed specifically to research the coherence of processes within living organisms. The current scientific method is used to discover biological facts. The phenomenological approach helps us in finding the meaning of the facts.
What emerges is a new grasp of the interrelations between biological processes, consciousness, psychology, and behavior.


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|Taekwondo Bible, Vol.2||
8. Unity of Samjae and Kang-Yu
8-3. Failure of Technique
People cannot use Taekwondo techniques although they've learned them. For they
didn't learn them exactly. For they didn't learn exact techniques. What is the
reason you don't learn exact techniques? First you don't understand the substance
of Kang-Yu, and second you have no idea of Samjae even though you understand
Kang-Yu substantially. What's the reason you don't understand the substance
of Kang-Yu? Because you only imitate the technical motions yet losing the truth
of Kang-Yu. What's the reason you have no idea of Samjae though you know Kang-Yu?
It is also because you lose its invisible foundation in the visible changes
Understanding Kang-Yu with the knowledge of Samjae and TAEKWONDO as its foundation you come to understand the importance of basics. And you also come to understand the importance of training, mental attitude, and furthermore, of the rightness in your life. The right life is the basis of the entire Taekwondo. If you ignore this fact only attached to magnificent motions you will go in vain and danger like those who have exaggerated reputation. Mencius warned of this mistake with his analogy to the water of no source. Hence saying ¡°if a thing has no source, it is like the rain water that collects after a downpour in the seventh and eighth months. It may fill all the gutters, but we can stand and wait for it to dry up. Thus a gentleman is ashamed of an exaggerated reputation.¡±2) Likewise, Taekwondo man should be ashamed of exaggerated magnificence of technique more than the firmness of basics.
To sum up, the foundation of Taekwondo technique is Kang-Yu; the foundation of Kang-Yu is Samjae; and its foundation is Ilgiyae as TAEKWONDO.3) And, the foundation of skill is basic motion; it foundation is training; and its foundation again is mental attitude. And the foundation of mental attitude is ethical(right) life. This is why we say the foundation of Taekwondo is verily ethical(right) life.
1) Diamond Sutra, 10c. ð³ÜÌß±Ø¤Ê¸ß± ëëåýãÀßæôèïäãý. ÝÕëëñ¬ßäßæãý. ÝÕëëñ¬á¢¡¤úÅ¡¤Ú«¡¤õº¡¤Ûößæãý.


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ADS-B data latency, means the time between aircraft onboard GPS catches its own position & other information and when this information is in final use, like on ATC display. For example, if the latency is 2 seconds, it means the aircraft position information you get is actually 2 seconds before.
Technically speaking, different information has different latency. GPS position and velocity have different latency. Very complicated. So for a simple explanation, we'll take GPS position and ADS-B ground-to-air surveillance application as an example.
I'll list all the latency below.
1. GPS receiver catches aircraft position, time T0;
2. GPS receiver output position to onboard data bus, time T1;
3. Position data from GPS receiver arrives at ADS-B transmitter via onboard data bus, time T2;
4. ADS-B transmitter transmit the position data, time T3;
5. ADS-B position data arrives at ADS-B ground receiver, time T4;
6. ADS-B receiver output ADS-B position data, time T5;
7. ADS-B position data arrives at ADS-B display system, time T6.
The whole latency is T6 minus T0.
Please keep in mind that this is a very simple explanation of ADS-B latency. The real situation is far more complicated.


Y chromosome microdeletion in a father and his four infertile sons Chang Peter L. author Columbia University. Obstetrics and Gynecology Sauer Mark V. author Columbia University. Obstetrics and Gynecology Brown Stephen author Columbia University. Obstetrics and Gynecology originator text Articles 1999 English Microdeletions of Yq are associated with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. In general, men with deletions are infertile and therefore deletions are not transmitted to sons unless in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are performed. We report an unusual family characterized by multiple members with infertility and Yq microdeletion. Complete reproductive history, semen analyses and blood samples were elicited from relevant family members. DNA preparation and quantification were performed using commercial kits. A total of 27 pairs of sequence tagged sites based primer sets specific for the Y microdeletion region loci were used for screening. Southern blots using deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) and ribosomal binding motif (RBM) cDNAs were then analysed for confirmation. The proband, his three brothers and father were all found to be deleted for DAZ but not RBM. At the time of analysis, the proband's father was azoospermic whereas his four sons were either severely oligozoospermic or azoospermic. Unlike their father, the four sons are infertile and have no offspring, except for one of them who achieved a daughter only after IVF/ICSI treatment for infertility. Microdeletions of Yq involving the DAZ gene are associated with a variable phenotypic expression that can include evidently normal fertility. Genetics Human Reproduction 14 11 2689 2694 1999-11 _URL_ _URL_ NNC NNC 2012-08-16 16:19:33 -0400 2012-08-16 16:30:18 -0400 8437 eng


WELCOME to E-Learning, where you will find everything that you need to know on behalf of Defined swimming Terms, Code of Conducts and extra info. Please feel free to browse through, to better understand our daily lingo.
"On the top, we're going to descend 5 x 200 on 3 minutes, with an even split."
If that sentence made no sense, it may be time for you to brush up on your swimming vocabulary! What follows is a list of commonly used swimming terms so the next time you talk to your children or venture onto a pool deck you'll blend right in!
50: 50 metres; a common repeat distance.
100: 100 metres; a common pace distance.
400: 400 metres: a longer distance common in many endurance workouts.
Short course: A 25-metre/yard pool where four lengths (or two laps) equal 100 metres/yards.
Long course: A 50-metre pool where two lengths or one lap equals 100 metres. Also referred to as Olympic distance.
Length: Distance swam in one direction in any given pool.
Lap: Distance swam up and back in any given pool.
Set: A grouping of distances comprising part of a workout or drill; 5 x 100 is a set that is 500 metres long; 500, 400, 300, 200, 100 is a set that is 1,500 meters long.
Interval: The time given to complete a certain drill. A 2:00 interval for 100 metres means that if the swimmer can swim 100 metres in 1:40 minutes, the swimmer will have 20 seconds of rest before repeating the next one.
Repeats: The components of a set: 5 x 100 is a set of 100 repeats.
Threshold: The maximum time a swimmer can hold, or repeat, for a given distance during a highly aerobic set.
Pace: The time per repeat.
Negative Split: Completing the second half of a distance faster than the first half.
Even split: Completing both halves of a distance at the same speed.
Descending: Increasing one's speed incrementally during a set distance (She is descending her one-mile race by 100 metres).
On the top: Starting a set on the 12 o'clock (or 60-second) mark on a poolside pace clock.
On the bottom: Starting a set on the 6 o'clock (or 30-second) mark on a pace clock.
Tapering: Paring down workouts (in length and intensity) to allow the body to recuperate and be rested for the weeks or days leading up to a race.
Pull Buoy: Flotation device used to stabilize the legs and correct body position in the water.
Band: A rubber band used to bind ankles while wearing a pull buoy; prevents kicking and helps keep legs together (and buoy from slipping).
Paddles: Plastic hand-disks used to maximize an upper-body pulling workout. Available in several shapes and sizes depending on the swimmer's skill and preference.
Drag suit: A baggy, nylon unisex swimsuit, worn over a regular practice suit to add resistance to everyday training.
Stretch Cords: Dry-land workout using rubber stretch cords to strengthen muscles used in all four strokes.
3:1: Breathing pattern where the swimmer takes one breath for every three strokes; this is a bilateral breathing pattern (breathe on both left and right sides).
2:1: Breathing pattern where the swimmer breathes once for every two strokes (breathe on one side only).
Circle swimming: Swimming in a lane in a standard counter-clockwise direction, up the right side and back down the left. Often when sharing a lane.
Catch-up stroke: Special drill where basic crawl (freestyle) is altered so that each arm catches up with the other before completing the next stroke (one arm is stationary above the head, in beginning-stroke position, while the other completes a full stroke rotation)
Sculling: Special drill using only hands (not arms) to scull through the water; arms at sides, with wrists whipping back and forth in a waving motion (designed to develop feel for the water).
Vertical kicking: Special drill executed in deep water where one kicks in a vertical position with arms crossed over chest, or extended above head for various intervals/sets.
Some consider the butterfly to be the most beautiful of the strokes. It features a simultaneous recovery of the arms over the water combined with an undulating dolphin kick. In the kick, the swimmer must keep both legs together and may not flutter, scissor or use the breaststroke kick. Both hands must touch the wall simultaneously on the turns and the finish.
The links below will redirect you to the related websites. When you click on the link, a new browser will open. Close the browser to return to this website.
Swim Canada - National governing body of competitive swimming in Canada.
Swim Ontario - Governing body responsible for the organization and regulation of amateur swimming in Ontario.
swimrankings.net - Worldwide searchable database for swimmers personal best times.
Swimming World Magazine - Monthly online swimming magazine.
Swim Swam - Daily news and articles from the swimming world. Great to follow on Twitter too.
Swimming Workouts - A collection of swim workouts courtesy of some of the top programs, swimmers and coaches in the world.
Team Aquatic Supplies Power Ranking - Athlete rankings dynamically generated with data compiled from the Swimming Canada database.
TeamUnify Website - Company that provides our website platform.
Windsor Aquatic Club
Parent and Swimmer Code of Conduct - Updated January 2019
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The goals of the Windsor Aquatic Club are to develop a strong team and community spirit founded upon teamwork and good sportsmanship. Our Club must strive to project an image that will make all of its members proud of the team and of the sport of swimming, and to represent our community responsibly when at home or traveling.
Parent Code of Conduct
 1. Demonstrate good sportsmanship by conducting myself in a manner that earns the respect of my child, other swimmers, parents, officials and the coaches at meets and practices. This includes making sure that my child/swimmer is punctual at practices, meets and team events.
 2. Respect others, their property, the aquatic facilities and accommodations at our home facility and during travel events.
 3. Ensure my child/swimmer is aware of and abides by the Swimmer's Code of Conduct.
 4. As a club member, represent the Windsor Aquatic Club by supporting the swimmers, coaches and other parents with positive communication and actions.
 5. During competitions, questions or concerns regarding decisions made by coaches or meet officials are only to be made to the coaching staff after the session is completed and in an area off the pool deck.
 6. Remain in the area designated for spectators both at swim meets and during practices.
 7. As a parent, I will not interrupt or confront the coaching staff on the pool deck during practice or meets. I will not coach or instruct the team or any swimmer at a practice or meets (from the stands or any other area) or interfere with coaches on the pool deck.
 8. Use respectful and non-threatening language (including gestures) in all communications.
 9. Obtain consent from the Head Coach prior to enrolling my child/swimmer in any additional competitive swim training during the Windsor Aquatic Club season.
 10. Regularly monitor email communication from the Windsor Aquatic Club and submit requested forms in a timely manner.
 11. Pay my child/swimmer registration and meet fees by the expected due dates.
 12. Ensure that my mandatory Family Participation Requirement obligations are met.
 13. Refrain from actions that violate the Criminal Code, the Human Rights Act and the Swim/Natation Canada harassment policy.
 14. Maintain self-control at all times.
Know my role: Swimmers Swim / Coaches Coach / Officials Officiate / Parents Parent
As a parent of a swimmer and, thereby, a member of the Windsor Aquatic Club, I understand that a breach in the Code of Conduct can result in disciplinary measures considered appropriate by the Board of Directors and may include suspensions or expulsion from the club.
Swimmer Code of Conduct
Please note that it is the parents responsibility to make sure that your child/swimmer is aware of and abides by the Swimmer's Code of Conduct.
 1. Swimmers are expected to conduct themselves in a manner that shows respect for fellow swimmers, coaches, lifeguards, all officials and facilities, and everyone's personal property, at all times.
 2. Swimmers are expected to attend work-outs scheduled by the coach and to be on time. If they know in advance that they will be missing a practice session, or will be late, they must inform the coach.
 3. Swimmers are expected to refrain from acting in a way that could result in injuries (no horseplay) during dryland, in the pool, in locker rooms and on the pool deck.
 4. Bullying (a form of repeated, persistent, aggressive behavior that is directed at an individual(s) that is intended to cause (or should be known to cause) fear, distress, and/or harm to another person's body, feelings, self-esteem or reputation) in any form will not


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A Case Study of Crestwood Primary School: Organizational Routines Implemented For Data-Driven Decison Making
Williams, Kimberly Graybeal
MetadataShow full item record
The research study investigated how organizational routines influenced classroom and intervention instruction in a primary school. Educators have used student data for decades but they continue to struggle with the best way to use data to influence instruction. The historical overview of the research highlighted the context of data use from the Effective Schools movement through the No Child Left Behind Act noting the progression of emphasis placed on student data results. While numerous research studies have focused on the use of data, the National Center for Educational Evaluation and Regional Assistance (2009) reported that existing research on the use of data to make instructional decisions does not yet provide conclusive evidence of what practices work to improve student achievement. A descriptive case study methodology was employed to investigate the educational phenomenon of organizational routines implemented for data-driven decision making to influence classroom and intervention instruction. The case study examined a school that faced the macrolevel pressures of school improvement. The study triangulated data from surveys, interviews, and document analysis in an effort to reveal common themes about organizational routines for data-driven decision making. The study participants identified 14 organizational routines as influencing instruction. The interview questions focused on the common themes of (a) curriculum alignment, (b) common assessments, (c) guided reading levels, (d) professional learning communities, and (e) acceleration plans. The survey respondents and interview participants explained how the organizational routines facilitated the use of data by providing (a) focus and direction, (b) student centered instruction, (c) focus on student growth, (d) collaboration and teamwork, (e), flexible grouping of students, and (f) teacher reflection and ownership of all students. Challenges and unexpected outcomes of the organizational routines for data-driven decision making were also �[BULLET] discussed. The challenges with the most references included (a) time, (b) too much data (c) data with conflicting information, (d) the pacing guide, and (e) changing teacher attitudes and practices. Ultimately, a data-driven culture was cultivated within the school that facilitated instructional adjustments resulting in increased academic achievement.
- Doctoral Dissertations


Docker Image
Updated: May 27, 2021
This page explains how to install the Nuxeo server with the base Nuxeo Docker image. Yet, to build an application from Nuxeo, most of the time, you will need to customize this image and build your own. For this purpose, we strongly recommend to use an immutable image by building a custom Docker image from the Nuxeo one.
The only requirement to run the Nuxeo Docker image is Docker itself.
Java, as well as all the external software, are integrated in the Docker image.
What's in the Nuxeo Image
The Nuxeo Docker image is described by this Dockerfile.
Based on CentOS 7, it includes:
 - Azul's Zulu OpenJDK 11.
 - A bare Nuxeo server without any package installed.
 - Some basic Open Source converters, e.g.: ImageMagick, LibreOffice.
 - A nuxeo user with the 900 fixed UID.
 - The directories required to have the Nuxeo configuration, data and logs outside of the server directory, with appropriate permissions.
 - An entrypoint script to configure the server.
 - The default recommended volumes.
 - The environment variables required by the server, typically NUXEO_HOME and NUXEO_CONF.
 - The exposed port 8080.
To use the video related features in Nuxeo, such as conversions, storyboarding and metadata extraction, you need to have FFMpeg installed in the image. Please read the FFmpeg section to understand why it is not included in the Nuxeo image and how to build an image including it.
Running the Image
Currently, the image is hosted in our public Docker registry.
To pull the latest tag of the nuxeo/nuxeo image from the Docker registry and run a container from it, run:
docker run --name nuxeo -p 8080:8080
The latest tag points to the latest release, for instance 11.4.
To get the latest build, versioned 11.x.y, you can use the 11.x tag.
The default command executed when running a container is nuxeoctl console. It can be overridden by specifying an argument to docker run. For instance, to open a bash shell in the container and automatically remove the container when it exits, just run:
docker run -it --rm bash
For a production setup and general best practices, please read about Mounting Data, Log and Temporary Directories as Volumes.
Configuring the Image at Runtime
Though we encourage to have immutable images configured at build time, in some cases it makes sense to configure a container at runtime. This typically applies to the address and credentials of each back-end store (database, Elasticsearch, S3, etc.) that are specific to a given deployment: development, staging, production, etc.
Configuration Properties
To add or update some configuration properties when running a container from a Nuxeo image, please read the related section about nuxeo.conf.
Environment Variables
Currently, these are the environment variables that are taken into account by a Nuxeo image:
Please first have a look at the default JVM settings in the Nuxeo Docker image.
The value of JAVA_OPTS is appended to the JAVA_OPTS property defined in nuxeo.conf at startup.
docker run --name nuxeo \
 -p 8080:8080 \
 -e JAVA_OPTS=-XshowSettings:vm \
The value of NUXEO_CLID is copied to /var/lib/nuxeo/instance.clid at startup.
For instance, to run a container with a registered Nuxeo instance:
docker run --name nuxeo \
 -p 8080:8080 \
NUXEO_CONNECT_URL allows to override the default Connect URL at startup.
For instance, to run a container with another Connect URL than the default one:
docker run --name nuxeo \
 -p 8080:8080 \
NUXEO_PACKAGES allows to define a space separated list of Nuxeo packages to install at startup.
For instance, to run a container with the nuxeo-web-ui and nuxeo-drive packages installed:
docker run --name nuxeo \
 -p 8080:8080 \
 -e NUXEO_PACKAGES="nuxeo-web-ui nuxeo-drive" \
Setting NUXEO_DEV=true allows to run the Nuxeo image in development mode, meaning:
 1. Enable the following configuration properties, see the Configuration Parameters Index (nuxeo.conf) page for more details:
 # for hot reload
 2. Override the default command executed when running a container, allowing to execute some nuxeoctl commands inside the container without killing it. This way, you can for instance:
 - Copy some JAR files to the nxserver/bundles directory of the server and restart it with nuxeoctl restart:
 docker run --name nuxeo \
 -p 8080:8080 \
 -e NUXEO_DEV=true \
 docker ps
 docker exec 0eee2751d09d nuxeoctl restart
 - Register your instance with nuxeoctl register.
 - Use hot reload with the Nuxeo Dev Tools Extension.
 - Use hot reload with Nuxeo CLI.
 3. Activate debugging for the nuxeoctl mp-install command run when installing Nuxeo packages with NUXEO_PACKAGES.
Shell Scripts
To run some shell scripts when starting a container from a Nuxeo image, you can add *.sh files in the /docker-entrypoint-initnuxeo.d directory of the image.
They will be alphabetically sorted and executed at the very end of the ENTRYPOINT, after handling the environment variables. Thus, if you run a container by passing the NUXEO_CLID environment variable, invoking nuxeoctl in such a shell script will work as being registered.
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Assume you have a planet of mass $M$ and radius $R$ and have a stationary spaceship at distance $4R$ from the center of the planet.If a projectile is launched from the spaceship of mass $m$ and velocity $v$ and just grazes the planet's surface, what will be the locus of the projectile?
I guess on Earth we take projectile path to be parabolic because of no variation in acceleration due to gravity. But in this case acceleration due to gravity will change with change in distance.
So in the end, will the trajectory be parabolic, elliptical, circular? Explain why with full proof.