text:
Horst Samulowitz, Roland Memisevic
We present a novel approach to solving Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF) that combines a search-based QBF solver with machine learning techniques. We show how classification methods can be used to predict run-times and to choose optimal heuristics both within a portfolio-based, and within a dynamic, online approach. In the dynamic method variables are set to a truth value according to a scheme that tries to maximize the probability of successfully solving the remaining sub-problem efficiently. Since each variable assignment can drastically change the problem-structure, new heuristics are chosen dynamically, and a classifier is used online to predict the usefulness of each heuristic. Experimental results on a large corpus of example problems show the usefulness of our approach in terms of run-time as well as the ability to solve previously unsolved problem instances.
Subjects: 15.7 Search; 12. Machine Learning and Discovery
Submitted: Apr 24, 2007


Welly Walk Thursdays
Kitted out in welly boots we take the children on a weekly walk around the village to help them connect with their local surroundings and embrace the great outdoors! Jumping in muddy puddles, building dens, climbing through bushes, exploring the woods or visiting a local farm – Welly Walk Thursdays are all about adventure!
During this time outdoors the children will be given a task or activity to complete, such as making a stick person, collecting different coloured leaves or searching for seasonal items – perhaps a conker or a tadpole!
These outdoor trips always provide a lot of fun and wonder – but they also develop practical skills such as listening and communication as the children learn the importance of staying safe and keeping together as a group.


text:
How do I change LANGUAGE?
To change LANGUAGE, please follow these steps:
- Tap the side-menu arrow, located halfway up the right-hand of the screen, so that the side-menu is brought into the display.
- At the top of the screen, you will notice 5 tabs, GLOBAL CHAT, CLAN CHAT, PRIVATE CHAT, INBOX & Cog Icon (Settings).
- Tap on the Cog Icon (Settings) tab.
- The screen should now display all of the options that you can adjust, with LANGUAGE at the top of the screen with a Left or Right arrow either side of the currently selected LANGUAGE.
- To change LANGUAGE, Tap the Left or Right arrows until your desired LANGUAGE is selected.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


time with period of 2π/ΩR, while x axis in (F) to (J) presents the first Brillouin zone in solids with period of 2π/a. The y axis represents the frequency detuning of the input laser from the resonant frequency normalized to FSR. The sign of modulation detuning is mapped to the sign of the effective force and hence controls the band shapes.
We then study the effect of the modulation strength on the trajectory of the band structure and transmission spectrum, which are shown in Fig. 4. Trajectories of dynamic band structures in Fig. 4 (A to D) are obtained by fixing the modulation frequency as 20 MHz and varying the applied RF signal amplitude V, which shows good matching with numerically simulated results in Fig. 4 (E to H). Typical Lorentzian resonance of the unmodulated cavity is seen for V = 0. The splitting in trajectories of the band structure becomes more obvious when V is increased. Under large modulation detuning and strength, distinct sidebands begin to show up, which can be seen in the transmission spectra in Fig. 4. The increase of the energy window of the band versus increasing the modulation amplitude is also observed, which is consistent to Eq. 10. The low signal-to-noise ratio of the measured transmission spectra in Fig. 4A is due to the small record time of the oscilloscope to read out the dynamic band structure with high accuracy (see fig. S2). The transmission spectrum in fig. S2A with ω(t) = 11ΩR shows high signal-to-noise ratio. As the record range becomes smaller with ω(t) = 1.8ΩR, the spectra become noisy as shown in fig. S2B. The roughness of the transmission spectra in Fig. 4 (B to D) originates from the small displayed frequency detuning range, which contains about 140 sinusoidal signal periods in every transmission spectrum (see fig. S3). Further improvement in the noise lever is possible if we can miniaturize our design into chip scale. Our experimental measurements indicate that we observe the trajectory of the dynamic band structure along the kf-space (see Eq. 10), and our experiment therefore simulates the trajectory of a moving momentum associated in the 1D solid-state system under a constant force (see Eq. 4).
Fig. 4 Trajectories of dynamic band structures and transmission spectra with fixed modulation detuning.
(A to D) Experimentally observed trajectories of the dynamic band structure with fixed modulation frequency ΩM = 20 MHz and measured transmission spectra from drop port. (E to H) Numerically simulated trajectories of the dynamic band structure with fixed modulation detuning ∆ = 0.57 and calculated transmission spectra from Eq. 13. a.u., arbitrary units.
The approach of dynamic band structure measurement we have experimentally proposed here is suitable for several possibilities and applications in quantum simulation and quantum information processing (56). One possibility is to study various band structures that correspond to different coupling configurations in the tight-binding lattice, such as a lattice including long-range coupling and a lattice under a time-dependent force, by changing the modulation pattern. The 200-MHz bandwidth of the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) that we used in our setup can support ninth-order long-range coupling. The range of coupling can be further extended by using an AWG with higher bandwidth or using lager rings with a smaller FSR. If we further introduce a complex external voltage with a time-dependent modulation frequency, it is possible to explore the band structure dynamics under time-dependent force, such as in the regime of dynamic localization (49). On the other hand, the dynamic band structure can also be extended beyond 1D synthetic space by using real-space dimensions (34, 35), additional frequency dimensions (29), or other synthetic dimensions such as pseudospin (41) and orbital angular momentum (32, 38). Other interesting applications include studies of dynamic physics with interacting Hamiltonians by introducing optical nonlinearities (57) and/or in the quantum regime (58). Moreover, the recent advent of the on-chip lithium niobate microring platform shows promise for measuring dynamic band structure in synthetic dimensions in integrated photonics (53, 54). We note that the bandwidth of commercial measurement equipment can be up to 40 GHz, then the corresponding radius will reduce to 600 μm for lithium niobate microring resonators. Further miniaturization of the structure can be accomplished with the availability of higher bandwidth measurement equipment.
In summary, we provide a direct experimental measurement of the dynamic band structure associated with a synthetic frequency lattice, constructed by a dynamically modulated ring cavity. The movement of the wave vector along the synthetic momentum reciprocal to the frequency dimension is observed by the time-resolved band structure spectroscopy. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations show great agreements with the calculated trajectories of the dynamic band structure from the solid-state theory. Various dynamic band shapes are observed, which gives the evidence of directly observing the dynamic band structure. Our work hence opens a different perspective on studying the dynamics of the band structure for understanding the behavior of electrons or photons in either solid-state or photonic systems.
Experimental setup
The EOM is a lithium niobate EOM with a 10-GHz bandwidth. We excite the ring with a laser having a narrow linewidth of 200 kHz and a wide tunable range from 1520 to 1570 nm. The laser's frequency can by finely scanned over 30-GHz range (∼0.24 nm in wavelength). A polarization controller is used to align the polarization of laser circulating in the ring to the principle axis of EOM. The first fiber coupler couples 0.5% of the laser source to the ring cavity, while a drop port is incorporated using a second 99.5:0.5 fiber coupler. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with a maximum gain of 10 dB is used to compensate various losses in the cavity to achieve a high quality factor (Q) for the cavity. The amplified spontaneous emission noise from SOA is filtered by using a dense wavelength division multiplexing with a central wavelength of 1540.56 nm (international telecommunication union channel 46) and a bandwidth of 100 GHz, which is large enough to allow required resonant modes experiencing flat transmission. The through port and drop port outputs are detected by fast InGaAs photodiodes (850 to 1650 nm) with 10-GHz bandwidth, connected to an oscilloscope (5 Gsamples/s) with 1-GHz bandwidth, which is sufficient for measuring the trajectory of the dynamic band structure in the synthetic dimension. Both the ramp signal for the frequency sweep of the laser and the sinusoidal RF source to drive EOM are generated by an AWG (2.4 Gsamples/s) with 200-MHz bandwidth.
Supplementary material for this article is available at
Acknowledgments: Funding: The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. _PHONE_), National Key R&D Program of China (grant no. 2017YFA0303701), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (grant no. 2019SHZDZX01), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (grant no. 19ZR1475700), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant no. 2020M671090). X.C. also acknowledges the support from Shandong Quancheng Scholarship (grant no. 00242019024). A.D. and S.F. acknowledge the support of a U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI project (grant no. FA9550-18-1-0379) and by a Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship from the U.S. Department of Defense (grant no. N00014-17-1-3030). Author contributions: L.Y., S.F., and X.C. supervised the project. G.L. conceived the idea with L.Y. and X.C. G.L., Y.Z., and A.D. designed the experiment, in consultation with L.Y., S.F., and X.C. G.L., Q.S., and S.L. carried out the experiment with assistance from Y.Z. and A.D. A.D. and L.Y. helped with the analysis of the experimental data. G.L., D.Y., and L.Y. developed the theoretical analysis and simulations. L.Y., A.D., Y.Z., S.F., and X.C. revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to discussion of the results and preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
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Survivors turning saviours: An inspiring story from Uttarakhand. Image Source: IANS News
New Delhi, June 11 : For Dehradun-based social entrepreneur Sachin Upadhyay, a Covid-19 survivor, revealed that two weeks as a Covid patient were the worst in his life - the isolation, loss of physical strength, constant inflow of distressing news of illness and deaths.
He believes it was somewhat of a miracle that he came of the disease without any complications.
Now helping almost 200 villages fight the pandemic - he is saving lives and building a recovery plan. While the first wave last year had a limited impact on the hilly state of Uttarakhand, he tells IANSlife, this year has been quite different. Not only has the virus reached the cities of Uttarakhand, but it is also infecting people living in villages, including young children.
As the pandemic tightened its grip on the state in late April, Upadhyay mentions receiving numerous calls from people in his village pleading for access to hospitals beds and doctors. Despite being affected himself, he reports transporting almost 60 people from the village to Dehradun and ensuring that they get the medical attention they require. He is happy about the lives he could save, but deeply saddened about the helplessness and lack of medical facilities in hilly remote villages.
As he recovered from the virus, he was clear about what his next mission was - it was to bring relief to the villagefolk in Tehri - from where he hails and continues to focus his social upliftment efforts through this organization, The World Integrity Foundation (TWIF). He consulted with various doctors and discovered that if villagers get timely access to a doctor and primary Covid-19 medication, it could prevent emergencies and the need for intensive care. It was then he says that he developed a roadmap with TWIF's chief co-ordinator - the mission was to distribute 50,000 medical kits in villages, and ultimately benefit 1,00,000 people with these and other relief efforts, including food supplies and other medical relief.
To initiate these efforts, TWIF says it started identifying the source of medicines, and initiated crowdfunding efforts - the first batch of 1000 kits they distributed in the villages was gratefully received and appreciated. While on their distribution drive, they learnt of the community's need for medicines, face masks, oxymeters, thermometers, and flow meters.
Adds Upadhyay, who is the President of TWIF, "We have distributed 40,000 medical kits and dry ration packets. We are trying to source as many relevant supplies as possible including vaporizers and oxygen concentrators and have expanded our distribution drive to include parts of Dehradun and Uttarakashi based on their needs." The medical kits include primary medicines like paracetamol, azithromycin, ivermectin, and vitamin C and zinc supplements. They also include a handout with a description of the medicines and the recommended protocol.
Upadhaya is just one of the many COVID warriors who were not deterred, but rather strengthened by a crisis. He is now focused on building a recovery plan for the thousands of migrant workers who were forced to return home due to the pandemic - skill building and identifying and creating employment opportunities for them are next on his agenda. Last year during the first wave of the pandemic, TWIF provided dry ration packets and served home cooked food to frontline workers everyday for two months.
"I believe I am a son of the soil. I feel deeply rooted to my people and am deeply affected by the neglect that my state suffers. Covid-19 is an unprecedented crisis, but I believe we are now better prepared to support our people and children and that is a hugely satisfying feeling", says Upadhyay as he urges natives from across the world to come forward and extend help to the mission.
(Siddhi Jain can be contacted at
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text:
Data not seen: The uses and shortcomings of social media metrics
AbstractThis paper looks at the use of online data, especially social media metrics, to assess media audiences, with particular focus on musicians. It shows how audiences are defined by different sets of people, and grounds the use of social media to understand audiences in the history of mass media audience measurement. The second half of the paper focuses on visible social media metrics — likes, followers, and other such counts — outlining their appeal as measures and highlighting their fallibility and ambiguity. Throughout, the paper argues that different people construct information systems to collect, store, analyze, and interpret data, and that these are shaped by value systems. Metric and big data analysis generally serves economic values, while other approaches to data may be more appropriate for assessing social and personal values.
How to Cite
Baym, N. K. (2013). Data not seen: The uses and shortcomings of social media metrics. First Monday, 18(10). _URL_
Authors submitting a paper to First Monday automatically agree to confer a limited license to First Monday if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication. This license allows First Monday to publish a manuscript in a given issue. Authors have a choice of: 1. Dedicating the article to the public domain. This allows anyone to make any use of the article at any time, including commercial use. A good way to do this is to use the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication Web form; see _URL_ 2. Retaining some rights while allowing some use. For example, authors may decide to disallow commercial use without permission. Authors may also decide whether to allow users to make modifications (e.g. translations, adaptations) without permission. A good way to make these choices is to use a Creative Commons license. * Go to _URL_ * Choose and select a license. * What to do next — you can then e–mail the license html code to yourself. Do this, and then forward that e–mail to First Monday's editors. Put your name in the subject line of the e–mail with your name and article title in the e–mail. Background information about Creative Commons licenses can be found at _URL_ 3. Retaining full rights, including translation and reproduction rights. Authors may use the statement: © Author 2016 All Rights Reserved. Authors may choose to use their own wording to reserve copyright. If you choose to retain full copyright, please add your copyright statement to the end of the article. Authors submitting a paper to First Monday do so in the understanding that Internet publishing is both an opportunity and challenge. In this environment, authors and publishers do not always have the means to protect against unauthorized copying or editing of copyright–protected works.


text:
One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
- 'The equivalent of the natatory ligament in the first web is also called distal commissural ligament.'
- 'These are distinguished from nonreproductive adults by the presence of natatory setae and an enlarged medial region for gamete storage.'
- 'In the last years most tourist estates have been equipped with swimming and natatory activity facilities.'
- 'This maneuver allows the natatory cord to become more prominent.'
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


Antique Traps: Newhouse Bear Traps
By Tom Parr
North American Trapper & Hunter Trader trapper
Sewell Newhouse was born in Brattleboro, Vermont in 1806. His family moved to Oneida County, New York, when he was 14 years old. As a young man, he spent most of his time in the woods becoming well-acquainted with the local Native tribes. Under their guidance, he became a well-rounded woodsman, especially knowledgeable about the pursuit and capture of wild animals.
Newhouse made his first steel trap when he was 17, crudely fashioned from scrap metal found in his father's blacksmith shop. He learned how to temper steel from a family friend, and over the next 20 years, usually with a partner or a hired hand, he made many more traps and a few rifles, mostly selling to other local trappers.
In 1849, Newhouse was approached by John Humphrey Noyes, who had just launched a communal living venture on the banks of Oneida Creek, a few miles from Kenwood, New York. The commune was a religious idea, intended to save mankind. It was based on the idea that a perfect life could only be lived if people sacrificed everything to the community's interest.
Newhouse joined Noyes' Oneida Community, and there he continued to make steel traps in the old way, by hand.
Newhouse Bear Trap Swivel
By 1855, the demand for Newhouse steel traps had grown to such an extent that the Oneida Community leaders decided to begin manufacturing on a much larger scale, and it became a major part of the business dealings of the Community.
In the 1850s, Oneida Community produced a No. 5 and a larger No. 6 bear trap called "The Great Bear Tamer." It weighed 50 pounds. In 1864, the Oneida Community reported a yearly sale of 30 bear traps; that same year, they sold 7,250 beaver traps. While Newhouse bear traps were well-known, they never were produced in great number.
The earliest model, called a slick pan, had no lettering on the pan. This trap was built in both the No. 5 and No. 6 size from 1850 to 1855. Next came the No. 5 & 6, with a lettered pan that read S. Newhouse Community N.Y. It was made from 1865 to 1888. Newhouse passed away in 1888, but the trap making continued, as has his legacy as America's master trap maker.
The pan on No. 5 traps made from 1895 to 1905 reads S. Newhouse Kenwood N.Y. At the same time, Oneida also made the No. 15, which is the same as a No. 5 but with offset jaws exposing the teeth between the jaws; two smaller bear traps, the No. 50 and 150, also went into production. During the Kenwood era, for a very short span, Oneida Community built a No. 25 and a No. 35, called the Newhouse Self Setting Bear Trap. It was not well received by trappers and was only on the market for a short time; these are very rare and prized by today's trap collectors.
From around 1895 to 1911, Newhouse bear traps had S. Newhouse Oneida Community N.Y in raised letters on the pan; they were built in sizes No. 6, No. 5, No. 15, No. 50 and No. 150. From 1911 through 1925, S. Newhouse Oneida Community N.Y PAT. Sept 26-1911 appeared in raised letters on the pans, and collectors refer to these as the patent date model; they were made in all of the same sizes.
In 1925, Oneida sold the trap-making division to Animal Trap Company of America, Lititz, PA, where the Newhouse bear traps were continued in limited production through 1976. The raised letter pan now read Oneida Newhouse Reg.U.S. Pat. Off. Made in U.S.A., Animal Trap Co. Lititz, PA; they were made in sizes No. 6, No. 5, No.15, No. 50 and No. 150.
The value of Newhouse bear traps varies greatly, but all are collectible. Condition and knowing that the parts are original is of most importance when buying these traps. A good No. 6 Slick Pan could bring $8,000 while a No. 5 or No. 15 might fetch up to $800.
Much more information on Newhouse bear traps, accessories, and other bear traps can be found in a book Blaise Andreski and I wrote titled The Collectors Guide - Bear Traps - Model Recognition & Prices; it can be purchased from Sterling Fur Co., phone: _PHONE_.
* * *
For information on this and other
collectible antique traps, contact:
Tom Parr, the North American Trap
Collectors Association, P.O. Box 94,
Galloway, OH 43119; _PHONE_.


text: The Triton, seated on a circular base formed of three dolphins with tails interlaced and heads resting on three inverted scallop shells, originally served as a fountain figure. Like most of the sculptor's compositions, this work was meant to be viewed from all sides. With its supple modeling and its vigorous chasing, the present bronze is the earliest example of this composition to survive and should be dated to the artist's early maturity, in the 1560s, shortly after he arrived in Florence from his native Flanders.Giambologna was renowned for his skill in casting bronze, the medium in which almost all his work (ranging in scale from minute to monumental) was executed. The nature of the casting process lent itself to the multiplication of original models under the sculptor's supervision as well as the production of so-called aftercasts. One of Giambologna's own casts of the Triton, presumably fairly large like this example, was sent to France along with a cast of his celebrated Mercury. Known reductions of the Triton composition show the streamlined simplifications that mark the majority of later bronzes after Giovanni Bologna's models, which became increasingly popular during the seventeenth century.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Mechanical energy scavenging for in-wheel sensors : car wheel motion and data
Car wheel motion - go straight to data
The performance of all in-wheel energy harvesters is reliant on the rotation and vibration motion of the car wheel s the energy source input. Harvester power output will vary significantly with car speed and the road surface the wheel is travelling over. To
aid in the modelling of the performance and to assess the viability of the clock work energy harvester then the car wheel dynamics of a typical small car have been measured. Wheel rotation speed has been measured using a hall sensor and attaching twelve metal disks to the inside of the wheel rim, fig 1a. A bracket was designed, fig 1b, to allow the hall sensor to be attached to the shock absorber and positioned inside the wheel rim close to the metal disks, Fig 1c.
Wheel speed measurement system
Figure 1. Wheel speed measurement system (a) disks on wheel rim, (b) hall sensor bracket design, (c) hall sensor mounted on shock absorber.
Although it was not possible to directly measure the vibration of the wheel rim where the TPMS system would sit, it can be inferred from the motion of the axel as the wheel is robustly attached to the axel. A DJB 100mV/g A/130/V Tri-axis Piezoelectric Accelerometer was used to measure the vibration. It was housed in a die cast box to protect it from the elements (fig 2a) and the box attached to the car axel swing arm (fig 2b). The accelerometer was mounted on a wedge in the box to ensure that it was level when the car was stationary.
Figure 2. (a) tri-axial accelerometer mounted in die cast aluminium box; (b) accelerometer box attached to front swing arm.
The output signals from the tri-axial accelerometer and also the hall sensor were monitored using a SoMat eDAQ-lite mobile data acquisition unit, Fig 3a. The eDAQ-lite was fitted with a digital IO and a simultaneous high level analogue layer.
The digital IO layer also allowed input from a GPS sensor, Fig 3b, so that the car position could be mapped and wheel motion could be related to urban or extra urban road conditions. The accelerometer output was measured at 2khz sampling rate with a ±12g range. The hall sensor was sampled at 500Hz using a pulse counter input on the I/O layer. The GPS reported position at a fixed 5Hz rate.
 Figure 3. (a) SoMat eDAQ-lite data acquisition system attached to sensors
Figure 3. (a) SoMat eDAQ-lite data acquisition system attached to sensors; (b) GPS 18x 5HzTM receivers from Garmin magnetically attached to car roof.
Data - route 1
Experimental details:
Car: 2005 Ford Fiesta 1.25L Zetec; Front tyre: 95/50 R15 82V; Radius: 29cm
 - Accelerometer: DJB instruments A/130/V ICP; sensitivity: 100mV/g; Range: ±12g; sampling: 2khz
 - Hall sensor: Honeywell 1GT101DC; sampling: 500Hz
 - GPS: Garmin GPS 18x 5HzTM
Route: The car was driven from the University of Birmingham in a circuitous route through Edgbaston and Harborne, back to join the A38 through Selly Oak before returning to the University campus, Figure 1. The speed limit on all roads was 30mph. The car was stopped in a traffic jam in Selly Oak towards the end of the journey. The whole journey lasted about 16mins.
Figure 1: Anticlockwise route from university campus through Edgbaston, Harborne and Selly Oak
Figure 1: Anticlockwise route from university campus through Edgbaston, Harborne and Selly Oak.
Data files: The sensor data is stored in separate zip files dependent on the data acquisition rate. Start and end times are identical for all the data files.
Data Analysis
Figure 2 shows the output from the hall sensor. The first plot is the raw frequency data produced by the 12 metal discs on the wheel rim passing the hall sensor. The second plot shows the calculated car speed based on a 29cm radius tyre. There are 11 stop start motions in this 16min urban journey.
Figure 2: Wheel speed data
Figure 2: Wheel speed data; (a) pulse frequency from hall sensor, (b) calculated wheel speed (tyre radius =29cm).
Figure 3 shows the acceleration amplitude for the x,y,z directions during the course of the journey. The Z data exhibits the highest accelerations as expected. X accelerations are significantly lower than the Y and Z direction accelerations.
Figure 3: Measured acceleration amplitude vs. time
Figure 3: Measured acceleration amplitude vs. time for the x,y,z accelerometers.
The FFT of the accelerations has been calculated to determine the spectral power of the vibrations. Figure 4 shows the spectral power for the X, Y, Z accelerations. The Z (vertical ) direction FFT shows that the vibration power is all concentrated in a small band around 20Hz and is 5x higher than the Y direction power and 50x higher than the X direction power. This vibration frequency is associated with the natural frequency of the car suspension. The Y power is spread over a wider band with a second peak at ~50Hz. The X acceleration power is spread over the whole range out to 800Hz.
Figure 4: FFT power spectrum
Figure 4: FFT power spectrum for the X, Y, Z direction accelerations.
Wheel speed data allows the accelerations to be matched to the speed of the car and also provides information for in wheel rotational energy harvesters.


Finding Work-Life Balance: How Au Pairs Can Help
/Finding Work-Life Balance: How Au Pairs Can Help
At times, finding work-life balance can seem like a far-fetched dream. Working, commuting, caring for kids, finding time to work out and practice self-care, and managing a household can take its toll.
Finding work-life balance can be a struggle.
If you sometimes feel like there isn't enough time in the day for everything, you aren't alone. Many parents struggle with finding work-life balance in their busy lives.
5 Ways Parents Are Finding Work-Life Balance By Hosting an Au Pair
A good work-life balance is vital to self-esteem, the ability to focus at work, and your family's well-being. Children can sense their parents' stress, so a poor work-life balance can even contribute to child behavior issues. It can also impact your sleep schedule and exacerbate the feeling of imbalance.
Possibly one of the fastest ways to improve work-life balance is by hosting an Au Pair. Because Au Pairs can take on many childcare-related duties, they can significantly reduce the number of things parents have to do. Here are some common ways Au Pairs help restore the balance.
1. Driving the Kids Around
Do you sometimes feel like a taxi service for your kids? If so, you'll be relieved to hear that Au Pairs can take on the task of driving the kids to and from school and activities.
For instance, if you have one kid at soccer practice and another in ballet at the same time, it feel impossible to get everyone where they need to be. You might feel guilty that you can't attend both practices, or you might stress over finding a carpool for one child. But with an Au Pair, you can divide and conquer (the next best thing to being in two places at once).
Au Pairs provide fantastic childcare with after school pick up
Even if you aren't being pulled in all directions, it's nice to have someone around who can drop the kids off in the morning or pick them up in the afternoon so you don't have to rush home from work.
2. Kids' Laundry & Relevant Childcare-Related Chores
It's hard enough staying on top of chores as a single adult or a young couple with no kids. But once you add in chores for the entire household, it can become a never-ending struggle to keep up.
Au Pairs can assist with childcare-related chores throughout the day. They can help wash and put away your kids' laundry while they're home alone with the kids (0r while everyone is away at school and work). If you have younger children, Au Pairs can keep toys picked up and enforce having the children clean up after themselves throughout the day.
Au Pairs can help with the kids' laundry and other child-related tasks.
It's also common for families to ask their Au Pair to vacuum the kids' bedroom or playroom, wash any dishes they use during the day, and help the kids make their beds.
3. Packing Lunches or Managing Breakfast
If mornings are a struggle for you, having someone around to manage feeding the kids and getting them ready for the day can be a huge relief. Not only does this give you time to get yourself ready without the stress, but it ensures your kids are actually eating their breakfast.
Our evening routines are much easier now that we're hosting an Au Pair.
Many Au Pairs love to cook. If this is the case with your Au Pair, you might find your children getting more hot breakfasts than before. Au Pairs can also help prepare school lunches or after-school snacks.
4. Keeping You Connected While You're Away
A big contributor to "working mom guilt" is the feeling that you're disconnected from your kids throughout the day. You might worry that you're missing milestones, or that your child is growing up without you while you're away.
Au Pairs help parents stay connected with the kids while they're away.
Au Pairs can alleviate some of this guilt. Often, Au Pairs send their Host Parents photos and videos of the kids. Because they love your kids like their own family, Au Pairs are more likely to want to share funny moments and celebrate your children's achievements with you.
5. Homework Help for School-Aged Kids
Get home. Rush to make dinner. Argue and plead with kids to do their homework. Hold your head in your hands and say a prayer. Try not to do half their homework for them. Force feed them dinner and hurry them to bed. Late (again). Dread the grouchy morning you know will follow. Rinse. Repeat.
Good study habits are learned behaviors
Sound familiar? It's a struggle many of us are all too familiar with. But it doesn't have to be this way! Au Pairs can supervise homework time so you can come home to a more relaxed household. Imagine spending quality time with your kids instead of fighting with them all night. (Plus, since Au Pairs can pack school lunches and help with child-related chores, you won't have to rush as much to get things done).
6. Helping You Find More "Me" Time
Allowing your Au Pair to take on some of the above tasks means you'll have more time for yourself. By hosting an Au Pair, you can find time to meal prep and eat healthier, achieve your fitness goals, and practice self-care.
Au Pairs can help you find more "me" time.
Finding work-life balance starts with the little things. Take a bubble bath. Read a book. Have a grown-up conversation with your Au Pair (anything that doesn't revolve around Paw Patrol).
You can even ask your Au Pair to watch the kids on an evening or weekend so you can go on a much-needed date night!
7. Take a (Relaxing) Family Vacation
All too often, family vacations aren't that relaxing. You spend most of the time managing everyone's whereabouts and taking care of your kids. By the time it's over, you realize traveling is way more stressful than staying home (plus all the work that's piling up for you while you're gone).
Restore work-life balance by bringing your Au Pair on vacation with you.
Having a relaxing family vacation goes a long way toward finding work-life balance again. So instead of stressing, bring your Au Pair on vacation with you. Not only is this a wonderful way to contribute to your Au Pair's cultural exchange experience and enable her to travel, but it allows you to schedule some overdue time for yourself during your vacation.
Interested in Hosting an Au Pair?
Ready to start finding work-life balance again? Au Pairs can work up to 45 hours a week, at a max of 10 hours a day. Often, depending on your location and the ages of your kids, Au Pair childcare is equivalent or cheaper than regular daycare. The best part is that the cost remains the same no matter how many children you need childcare for.
There are many things to consider before hosting an Au Pair. This includes the fact that they live in your home and need a private bedroom. If Au Pair Childcare sounds like the right solution for your family, you can register on our website now and start searching for Au Pairs as early as today!
By |2019-10-07T15:09:58+00:00October 24th, 2019|Childcare Advice|
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Five Creepy Spiders Worksheet – Listen, Do, & Color
Can you run like a cat or crawl like a spider? Read the sentence to your students and have them do the action. Then, have students find the picture that matches the action and color it. Finally, listen to the song "Five Creepy Spiders" and follow along.
Contains 1 Page
Difficulty: Level 2
Related Songs


Does television cause autism
Breastfeeding and Autism
Breastfeeding and Autism: What's the Link? Autism is a frightening diagnosis for any parent. A life-long struggle with communication and relationships isn't something any parent wants for his or her baby. And as the number of children diagnosed grows year after year, parents and the scientific community are looking everywhere for surefire ways to prevent… Continue reading Breastfeeding and Autism


Why Did the Chicken Cross the Mobius Strip?
red Mobius strip
To get to the same side!
A strip of paper connected into a half loop is one of the most intriguing shapes you'll ever encounter! For such a seemingly simple shape, it has some amazing qualities. For example, it has only one side. What?! How is that possible?
The Mobius strip was discovered in Germany in 1858 by two different people working independently—Johann Benedict Listing and August Ferdinand Mobius. Listing came up with the idea a few months earlier than Mobius, but it's the Mobius name that graces the mathematical concept. We don't know why. It's one of those science mysteries that can't be solved in a laboratory!
A Mobius strip has only one side, even though it looks like it has two sides. The best way to learn about these amazing strips is to create one yourself. Here's how:
Cut a long strip of newspaper about 2 inches wide.
Bring the ends of the strip together to form a loop. Give one end a half-twist and tape the ends together.
It's your very own Mobius strip! Now you can demonstrate some of its bizarre traits. Try this:
Place your pencil in the middle of your Mobius strip and draw a line along the length of the strip, keeping pencil to paper the whole time. What happens? What does this prove?
Now, cut the Mobius strip along the line you just drew. Does the Mobius strip fall into two pieces? Why not? Cut the strip down the middle again. What happens? Cut a new Mobius strip and cut along a line one-third of the way from the edge of the strip. What happens?
Try making a new strip by giving the strip two half twists instead of one and perform the same experiments. What happens differently? How else can you twist your paper strips? What other interesting shapes can you make?
Because a Mobius strip only has one side, if an ant walked all the way around it, it wouldn't ever have to switch sides, just like the famous artist M.C. Escher demonstrated in this painting.
Want to see more? Check it out:
You can read about other amazing math phenomena in the book Amazing Math Projects You Can Build Yourself!
Learn about the Mobius strip at Wonderopolis
Watch a Mobius strip get cut up in different ways
Here's a mesmerizing animation of a Mobius strip
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Astronomical Eyepiece and Solar Filters
Astronomical filters can enhance the appearance of the moon, planets, and nebulae. The moon and in some cases planets are too bright when viewed through a telescope. Lunar or neutral density filters reduce this brightness, making it easier to discern fine details. In other cases one color dominates the image and more detail can be seen if this color is partially filtered. Nebulae benefit from narrow bandpass filters that selectively pass very specific wavelengths of light being emitted by ionized hydrogen and oxygen. Solar filters are absolutely essential for safely observing the sun.
Nebular filters are designed for observing emission nebulae, dramatically increasing both the contrast and detail that is visible.
Lunar and planetary filters enhance the view by reducing glare or subduing a predominant color, allowing more subtle details to become visible.
Many astronomical filters are designed for visual observing, but some are specifically designed to be used exclusively for imaging applications using CCD or Digital SLR cameras.
Solar filters permit the safe observation of the sun with a telescope. White light filters are useful for observing sunspots. Hydrogen Alpha filters reveal details on both the surface, and in the corona.


How can I develop and deploy a DApp (Decentralized Application) on Qtum?
DApps use a smart contract working with external servers and user interfaces. Qtum smart contracts are written in the Solidity programming language and compiled to EVM bytecode. That code is published to the blockchain using a contract create transaction which costs approximately 1.1 QTUM in gas and transaction fees. The smart contract operation can be linked with a server and user interfaces (for example on web or mobile apps) to complete the Decentralized Application. Publishing a smart contract on Qtum is permissionless (anyone can do it). Qtum smart contract and DApp development follows familiar patterns from Ethereum and web/mobile apps. To engage with Qtum's experienced DApp team please submit the DApp application form.Have you had a chance to answer the previous question?
How do I set the confirmation number when the exchange handles user recharge?
Recommended to be set to 10 to 20.
How does the exchange handle the recharge of the QRC20 Token?
Please refer to QRC20 Integration Technical Document
What is the BIP44 Coin Type value of Qtum?
BIP44 Coin Type is 88.
What is the difference between Qtum and Bitcoin RPC interface?
In addition to adding createcontract\sendtocontract\callcontract\searchlogs\gettransactionreceipt, all the rest of the RPC interfaces are almost identical to Bitcoin.
How to set the gas limit and price of calling contract?
It is recommended to fix the gas price to 0.00000040. For QRC20 Token transactions, the gas limit is recommended to be set to 250000.
How is the remaining gas returned after the contract is called?
When the transaction is confirmed, the more paid gas will be in the second transaction of the block in the form of a coin stake transaction.
How to get test coins?
Please go to Testnet Faucet to apply.
Does Qtum support calling contracts with multiple signature addresses?
Multi-signature currently does not support calling contracts and sending and receiving QRC20 Tokens. It is planned that this feature will be implemented in x86 virtual machines.
What public APIs are available for Qtum nodes, how do you use them? API Documentation ExamplesMainnet API = Testnet API = Block data： Transaction data ：
How to use mobile wallet API?
Documentation Examples: Unspent transactions Last added contracts
See also the iOS wallet code RequestManager.m and the Android code, which should give all the calls these wallets use with this mobile API.
Do you have an Amazon AWS platform?
Yes, Qtum's development platform is available on Amazon Web Services. Users across the enterprise and elsewhere will now be able to develop and deploy their own smart contracts from this ready-to-use Amazon Machine Image (AMI) featuring Qtum core, and the Qmix Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Blog AWS AMI
What wallets/nodes are available for smart contract transactions?
1. The Qtum Core wallet is a full node with smart contract capability via GUI or command line. Available for multiple platforms. Works on Mainnet, Testnet & Regtest. Documentation Releases
2. The Qtum web wallet is a light wallet that can create, send and call contracts, but currently can't send QTUM to a contract address. Works on Mainnet and Testnet. Documentation Wallet Website
3. The Chrome extension Qrypto is a light wallet that can make DApp interface contract calls through the Qweb3 library. Works on Mainnet, Testnet & Regtest Documentation Plugin Qweb3 library
What developer blogs are available?
See Qtum101 at such as: QTUM: Decentralized Governance Protocol Video Demo Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps on Qtum How to: Build a DApp based on Qtum and IPFS QTUM Tutorial: Building a Contract Calling Raw Transaction Developers Guide to the Qtum GitHub
See Unita blogs at such as: QtumX Reaches 10,000 TPS in Benchmark Tests Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps on Qtum DDAO: Decentralized Data Access Object SCAR: A New Scalable Consensus Algorithm
How can I use the Explorers to monitor smart contract transactions?
See transaction detail and the event log with, for example Click on the red script to expand.
See QRC20 balances by entering an address in the "BalanceOf" field for a contract, for example
See the storage table, for example
How can I setup Docker and run a Regtest Qtum node?
IAME blog
How do I access the Qtum Testnet?
User guide Explorer Explorer 2 Faucet!/
Is there a command line smart contract tool like solc for Qtum?
Yes, see solar
Is there a web IDE like remix for Qtum?
Yes, Qmix


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SortedList.Item Property
Gets and sets the value associated with a specific key in a SortedList object.
Namespace: System.Collections
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public virtual Object this [
 Object key
] { get; set; }
/** _USER_ */
public Object get_Item (Object key)
/** _USER_ */
public void set_Item (Object key, Object value)
Not applicable.
The key associated with the value to get or set.
Property Value
The value associated with the key parameter in the SortedList object, if key is found; otherwise, a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
Exception typeCondition
key is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
The property is set and the SortedList object is read-only.
The property is set, key does not exist in the collection, and the SortedList has a fixed size.
There is not enough available memory to add the element to the SortedList.
The comparer throws an exception.
You can use the Item property to access a specific element in a collection by specifying the following syntax: myCollection[key].
You can also use this property to add new elements by setting the value of a key that does not exist in the SortedList object (for example, myCollection["myNonexistentKey"] = myValue). However, if the specified key already exists in the SortedList, setting the Item property overwrites the old value. In contrast, the Add method does not modify existing elements.
A key cannot be a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), but a value can be. To distinguish between a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) that is returned because the specified key is not found and a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) that is returned because the value of the specified key is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), use the Contains method or the ContainsKey method to determine if the key exists in the list.
The elements of a SortedList are sorted by the keys either according to a specific IComparer implementation specified when the SortedList is created or according to the IComparable implementation provided by the keys themselves.
The C# language uses the this keyword to define the indexers instead of implementing the Keys property. Visual Basic implements Item as a default property, which provides the same indexing functionality.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0
.NET Compact Framework
Supported in: 2.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: 1.0
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
ser = serial.Serial(
ser.write("hello" + "\n")
the above sample code best describes how to write or read from a serial port using python - pyserial library. This is not the best of the solutions available out there but def simple (probably the simplest :) ). you could do more digging into the serial library too if you would like.
Like I always say happy scripting!!!


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The superstorm known as Sandy has boosted river flow in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but favorable winds and timing meant it did not do as much damage as some feared.
Image courtesy thisisbossi/Flickr
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), much of the watershed avoided surge-related flooding during the height of the storm, as northerly winds kept a large push of water from moving into the Bay. While some locations did experience post-storm surges of two to four feet, even the highest surge was about half of that seen during Hurricane Isabel in 2003.
Preliminary data from the USGS also show that the accompanying nutrient and sediment loads pushed into rivers from polluted runoff are not expected to approach those seen in 2011 from Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. Nor is the flow in the Susquehanna River expected to produce a significant scour of sediment from the Conowingo Reservoir. While nutrients and sediment can disturb the habitat of underwater grasses and marine life, Sandy's end-of-autumn timing—while underwater grasses are dormant—means that its impact will likely not be as great as that of a super-sized summertime storm.
According to NOAA, much of Sandy's rainfall is still working its way down the watershed's rivers. Scientists from NOAA, USGS and other Chesapeake Bay Program partners will continue to conduct in-depth research on Sandy's effects on the Bay and its resources.


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This paper proposes that "magic strategies" involving multiple scales and multiple systems will be effective in managing complex health and social problems.
AUTHORS: Rodrick Wallace; Deborah Wallace.
PUBLISHED: PeerJ, 2013.
A survey of the cultural psychology and related literatures suggests that Western biomedicine's fascination with atomistic, individual-oriented, interventions is a cultural artifact that may have little consonance with complex, subtle, multiscale, multilevel, social, ecological, or biological realities. Other cultural traditions may, in fact, view atomistic strategies as inherently unreal. A contrary perspective – similar to that of health promotion – implies that the most effective medical or public health interventions must be analogously patterned across scale and level of organization: 'magic strategies' will almost always be synergistically, and often emergently, more effective than 'magic bullets'. The result can be formally derived in a relatively straightforward manner using an adaptation of the Black-Scholes econometric model applied to the metabolic cost of bioregulation under uncertainty. Multifactorial interventions focused at the human 'keystone' ecosystem level of mesoscale social and geographic groupings may be particularly effective.


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SINGING to babies helps them rise up the charts of childhood development, says UniSA early childhood education Associate Professor Susan Hill.
"Babies are born with a natural ability to appreciate music," she said.
"Early exposure can help 'wire' the brain for future learning about creativity, patterns and sequence, language and literacy."
She said nursery rhymes, songs and chants helped babies to relax and be receptive to learning new things.
"Later singing and dancing to nursery rhymes not only increases vocabulary, but also helps our memory develop," Dr Hill said.
"Singing songs and nursery rhymes may be just as important as talking and reading to your child."
Adelaide singer/songwriter Fiona Munro created the Poppy and Patch it's fun to sing CD to fill a gap in the availability of age-appropriate baby music.
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So i'm going to spitball ideas. There's probably a mathematical formula for this, but heres how it plays out in my head, but I already know my plan has a couple of flaws.
Well, your target is the average. You will need to keep track of the number of tables remaining.
If there exists one or more values that equal this average, remove them from your array; they go into a table each.
Now it gets more difficult.
Find the total of all combinations of 2 values. If any of them equal the average, remove them from the array, and put those numbers into a table.
Eventually, there will be either no more sets of two-value pairings, or no more values in the array.
Repeat this process with 3 (if 3 or more elements remain), then 4, etc… until the selection set is of size TotalLength-X, where X is the number of remaining tables to fill.
Phase 3: (AKA the 'it didnt work' phase)
Repeat the process above, but store the results of each combination in a multidimensional array, keyed by the absolute value of the difference between the average and total (the distance from the average), and holding an array of combinations.
Key Sort the array.
Take an element from the first element of the array; assign it to a table.
Remove from that first key any other element that uses a component of the one you selected.
If the first key is not empty and there are more tables to be filled, remove another element from the key's array and repeat.
Repeat phase 3 until the tables are all filled.
So what's the flaw?
The flaw is that this algorithm will get as close as it can to the average at each step - but that doesn't mean it gets the best values for all the steps as a whole. You might end up with a set that generates 100-95-94-91, or a set that generates 100-99-98-20.
What you could do is add a phase 4, which combines unique combinations of sets from the Phase 3 table, and finds sets that are closest to X*Mean, where X is the number of remaining tables.
Also keep in mind that this is designed for small sets of numbers. The number of combinations of sets grows exponentially-stupid (EDIT: Actually factorially-stupid.) the more numbers exist in your set.


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I don't really know why you would want to build a city on a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), but then again, I'm not an alien.
Loeb and Turner (2012) make an argument that artificial lighting could be a good universal "lamppost": something that all technologically advanced species would do so as not to be subject to the whims of a diurnal cycle. I can think of quite a few problems with that: a species that evolved in a sub-surface ocean, species on tidally-locked worlds that never had a diurnal cycle, the ever-popular "post-biological life", etc.
But okay, sure, let's say everyone needs street-lamps. With current technology, we would be able to detect artificial lighting (on the scale of a large terrestrial city) on KBOs in our own solar system. Regardless of plausibility, that's pretty cool!
That part is in bold because it's obviously the way this paper came about. I don't think there are any good arguments for why KBOs are the best place to search for extraterrestrial life. I'm open to being proven wrong, but the paper reads as a fun thought experiment based on a new technological capability rather than any serious suggestion for how humanity can find another intelligent species.
The authors discuss a characteristic "flux-distance signature" that an artificially illuminated object would have. Based on a double r^2 relation (one in sunlight reaching the object, one for the backscattered light), a KBO that's just reflecting naturally due to its albedo should increase in brightness by a factor of r^4 as it comes closer to the sun. Meanwhile, an object dominated by artificial illumination would only increase by r^2 as its source of luminosity approaches. Thus, if we notice any objects with this r^2 relation, we should really take note because that would be really weird.
The authors also discuss caveats and confounders of this idea (phase angles, outgassing, albedo variations, rotation, binary companions…), but indicate that all of these should be periodic with the exception of outgassing and should average out over years of observation. They also briefly talk about how this idea could be applied to exoplanets (with phase curves and such), but it doesn't seem like the the technology is there yet.
This definitely felt to me like a good example of Davies and Wagner's proposal of cost before plausibility in SETI work (discussed in a previous post). They outline the logic behind the method pretty well, but if they were actually interested in the results instead of the theory they should've looked more into which pre-existing datasets could be used to attempt this kind of work. Because if someone* was interested in actually testing this idea, and not waiting for LSST etc., it would be nice to be able to hit the ground running on it.
As I indicated in my first sentence, I don't really see a reason why there should be artificial lights on a KBO. They're cold, they're small, they don't have thick atmospheres, they have no access to non-Kuiper Belt resources (what, you wanted something other than ice and dust?), etc. That said, if the search is easy to do and we can clear out some parameter space… perhaps it's worthwhile.


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that compensation feels fair when it relates to the complexity of work in the employee's role as measured by time-span. The correlation between TSD and FFP averaged +0.89 over nine studies and dissertations. The correlation is positive: as the time-span of a role goes up, the felt-fair pay for it also increases.
The organization "rents" an employee's capability the way you might rent an electric generator from a rental store. You pay by the wattage of the generator, not by what you produce using the electricity it generates. The organization pays the employee by the employee's level of effectiveness in dealing with the work assigned, not by what the employee's capability produces.
The employee is paid for the level of effectiveness he or she contributes to the system. This is not pay for results or for performance, if by "performance" one means output. (If you want to buy output from a person, make them a supplier or an agent.) What you are "renting" from an employee is their capability. It is up to the manager to direct that capability towards tasks of the manager's choosing (after considering the employee's advice). This is why the manager is accountable for the employee's output.
This approach rules out piecework and many types of incentive and bonus systems that are results-based. Many managers have a great deal of trouble letting go of these concepts. The trouble with such approaches is that they work - but only in the short-run. Over the long-run (and mid-run) they have perverse effects. Employees can end up forgetting the needs of the customer and the organization and focusing on the incentive instead to the point of undermining the manager's authority.
|How can this generate a Differential Pay Scale for the organization?|
|The strong correlation between felt-fair pay and time-span generates constant pay relativities at each level of the hierarchy. Not only does the FFP increase as the TSD increases but this link holds in different geographic localities and in different decades. Over 100 TSD:FFP studies have been conducted for private companies in 25 countries. (These remain confidential but the findings are consistent with the published studies.) The result is a differential pay scale that is kinked at the 6-month point (in Stratum II).
This pay scale can be expressed as a set of ratios using the time-span at the bottom of Stratum III (12 months) as its pivot point. (FFP is represented as "x" for entry-level Stratum III.) Thus, at the bottom of Stratum I (1 day) the felt-fair pay is 31% of x. Stratum II (3 months) starts at 55% of x. Of course, III is x. Above Stratum III the differential doubles at each stratum, so - Stratum IV (2 years) begins at 2x; V (5 years) at 4x; VI (10 years) at 8x; VII (20 years) at 16x; and VIII (50 years) at 32x.
Two chief things must be borne in mind. First, this has nothing to do with any "minimum wage." They are not related. The work at Stratum I is usually well above jobs paying the minimum wage.
Second, some CEOs are today getting paid hundreds of times more than operating level workers. Neither these CEOs nor their boards of directors use a differential pay scale to establish an appropriate level of pay for the First Employee (the CEO). According to some observers, CEO pay has become a tournament, a winner-take-all contest, a one-time grab for the gold ring. (These CEOs may feel a pang of guilt at this overpay, even shame, yet they still cash the checks.) But other results are generated as well. Such overpay can sever the bond of the CEO with those lower in the organization, undermine their effectiveness as leader and manager, and leave them an isolated "imperial executive." As a result, these boards are facing questions of due diligence, due process, liability, and accountability.
|Academics say there is no research supporting this theory, so what's the point?|
|The Annotated Bibliography documents the substantial amount of research published on this theory. It is downloadable and has over 1500 published items on the theory - plus 650 others from the mainstream literature with findings that support the theory. The quality of this research has also been addressed. Over 400 articles on the theory - plus over 200 more from the mainstream literature that support the theory - have appeared in peer-reviewed journals. These total over 650 peer-reviewed articles and 130 of them were published in A-level academic journals.
|Academics say Requisite Theory has never been replicated. Well?|
|These academics are wrong. More important, the three key correlations of this theory - among time-span of discretion, felt-fair pay, and hierarchy level - have been replicated many times with very strong findings that were statistically significant. The TSD:FFP correlation has been replicated nine times with an average finding of +0.89. The TSD: HierarchyLevel has been replicated 12 times with an average correlation of +0.87. The FFP:HierarchyLevel correlation has been studied five times with an average correlation of +0.915. (This last is actually the weakest due to the smaller number of studies.)
These correlations are central to Requisite Theory. Most academic theories have only one correlation. Here we have three very strong ones that interlock. They have, for example, allowed Jaques and Brown to make statements about the way organizations MUST be structured if they are going to be functional. Other academics have much weaker results that only allow them to postulate and speculate. (See the Introduction to the Annotated Bibliography for details and citations.)
Below are the averages for each. (The number of studies is in parentheses.)
|How can you claim to have identified capability growth rates?|
|In adulthood, we continue to mature in our capability to handle complexity. We do not stop growing in capability when we finish school. In fact, Jaques discovered we continue to mature in capability all our lives. This growth is organic. It is not the result of experience. Jaques interviewed several hundred people to identify those points in their lives when they felt fully challenged in their work. He recorded their age and the level of the job they held at that time. By plotting these two facts for each of these individuals, he documented their rates of growth. These progression curves have been replicated in the findings of other researchers as well.
These results are similar to other types of biological growth curves. As people grow older their capacity level matures and their individual time-horizon lengthens. Thus, people become more capable of working at higher levels in the organization as they get older. Each of us grows at our own rate of growth.
This does not mean skills, knowledge and experience are irrelevant (SKEs). When we work at a higher level in the organization we need a broader perspective. Acquiring cross-functional SKEs is essential preparation for moving up in any organization. Acquiring new SKEs remains important and the lack of a critically significant SKE may be a knockout that blocks a promotion to a specific role.
The SKEs, however, are not the central drivers here. New job-related skills and developmental knowledge are learnable. Experience can be acquired. Organic growth in capability, however, is the key driver of this maturity process. Many employers are not currently using the full capability of their employees. The true capability level of these employees will not be known until: they are trained, educated and fully experienced, and they are assigned tasks to test their full level of capability.
|Accountability? Isn't that one of the worst of the Old Fashioned ideas?|
|In the past "Accountability" often signaled a witch-hunt. -- Who made that error? -- Who is to blame? -- Round up the usual suspects. (In the bad old days "Accountability" was the "scarlet letter A" of anti-people management.)
Jaques condemned this approach to management as anti-requisite. Employees are not accountable for the outputs and results of the system. The managers designed the system and its tasks. They selected the employees to assign the tasks to. The managers assigned the tasks to employees who they judged were capable of completing them. Thus, the managers are accountable for the results of the system, not the employees.
The employees provide their discretion and judgment in bringing the assigned tasks to completion. This input is what they are accountable for. On an individual level, however, many people believe they are accountable for their results. They are proud of their results when they are good and are willing to take the heat when they mess up.
If an employee understands a task and accepts the assignment, he or she has to bring it to completion as assigned. Otherwise, the employee must take the task back to the manager as soon as the blockage or alteration is identified. The issue here is the definition of accountability and who is accountable for precisely what. Clarity comes first.
|Employees are not accountable for their results?|
|The operating system is designed by the managers. Employee efforts are an input into the operating system of the organization just like materials, equipment, methods, measurements, and the environment. Their efforts are mixed with the other inputs to create an output. It is impossible to unscramble the elements of a system and assign the results of the system to one input element, including an employee. The managers are accountable for outputs since they design and control the system and arrange the inputs.
This approach measures the employee's input to the system - the discretion used by the employee to bring the work to completion. This is the time-horizon of the person


Summary Anatomy Item Literature (280) Expression Attributions Wiki
Anatomy Term: extracellular matrix
XAO ID: _PHONE_
Synonyms: ECM
Definition: "Anatomical structure composed of a combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells."
Stage Range: NF stage 10 to death
Marker Genes:
Antibody: Col2a1 Ab1 Col2a1 Ab2 Fbn2 Ab1 Tecta.2 Ab1 Tnc Ab2 Trpm8 Ab1
Develops From:
Develops Into:
Parent(s): acellular anatomical structure (is_a)
References: NCBO BioPortal, Ontology Lookup Service


31 Bird Jokes That Are A Hoot
Laughing at bird jokes
Did you know there are approximately 18,000 species of birds in the world?!
Birds are truly fascinating creatures and there's no wonder kids are enamoured by them! They've also inspired some pretty hilarious jokes!
Whether your kids are budding twitchers or they just love a good giggle, we've got 31 brilliant bird jokes that will have them tweeting for more!
1) What do you give a sick bird? Tweetment!
2) Why does a flamingo lift up one leg? Because if it lifted both legs it would fall over!
3) What do you call a funny chicken? A comedi-hen!
4) When should you buy a bird? When it goes cheep!
5) Did you hear the one about the crow and the telephone pole? He wanted to make a long-distance caw!
6) Why did the little bird get in trouble at school? Because he was caught tweeting on a test!
7) Why did the chicken cross the playground? Because it wanted to get to the other slide!
8) How did the bubblegum cross the road? On the bottom of the chicken's foot!
9) Why do hummingbirds hum? Because they don't know the words!
10) How to chickens get strong? They do eggs -ercise!
Keep scrolling for more EGG-cellent bird puns!
11) What did one egg say to another? Let's get cracking!
12) What robs you while you're in the bathtub? A robber ducky!
13) How did the egg cross the road? It scrambled across!
14) What did the duck say when he dropped the dishes? "I hope I didn't quack any!"
15) What birds spend all of their time on their knees? Birds of prey!
16) What do you call a very rude bird? A mockingbird bird!
17) Why do birds fly south in the winter? Because it's too far to walk!
18) How did the bird break into the house? With a crow bar!
19) What did the maple tree say to the woodpecker? Leaf me alone!
20) What do you get if you kiss a bird? A peck on the cheek!
21) What is a bird's favourite game? Beakaboo!
22) What do you call a sick eagle? ill eagle!
23) What kind of bird doesn't need a comb? A bald eagle!
24) Why do ducks fly south for winter? Because it's too far to waddle!
25) What do owls sing when it's raining? Too wet to woo!
Knock Knock Jokes
Let's finish off with some knock knock jokes that will have the kids laughing out loud!
26) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Who who?
Oh, I didn't know there was an owl in there!
27) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Toucan who?
Toucan play that game!
28) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Baby owl
Baby owl who?
Baby owl see you later, maybe i wont!
29) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Earl who?
Early bird catches the worm!
30) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Kook who?
Don't call me cuckoo!
31) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Owl who?
Owl always love you!
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What is a Watershed?
What is a Watershed?
A watershed is an area of land where water drains downhill to the lowest point.
Please click on glossary terms, indicated by bold text, for definition.
A watershed may also be called a drainage basin. Rain or snow melt can flow on top of the ground as runoff or soak into the ground. When surface water flows on top of the ground as runoff it travels to ditches, gullies, creeks, streams, ponds, lakes, rivers and eventually to the ocean. When water soaks into the ground it is called infiltration and becomes groundwater. Groundwater recharges, or adds to the water in the aquifer, which supplies the water that we drink. When a large rainstorm supplies more water than can be taken into streams and rivers or soak into the ground, an area near the stream or river, called the floodplain, will store the water until it can flow downstream or soak into the ground. Floodplains may also have wetlands, which provide pollutant removal and help maintain the aquifer.
Groundwater can become contaminated with pollutants such as fertilizers and pesticides, chemicals from factories and other illegally dumped waste, when people are careless or intentionally dump these pollutants into the gutter or storm drain inlet. Signs like "No Dumping - Leads to Stream" are on storm drain inlets to remind people not to pollute.
What can you do to help stormwater runoff and groundwater free of pollutants?
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Watershed Management


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The endemic Mediterranean Fan Mussel (Pinna nobilis) has been pushed to near extinction due to a still ongoing mass mortality event first detected in 2016 and the fact that the causing parasite–the protozoan Haplosporidium pinnae, which is found in the digestive glands of infected individuals– is still present in the environment. To address this problem, researchers at the Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB)'s MEDCLIC Project have participated in a collaborative study on its potential recovery showing the importance of unaffected populations as larval exporting sources and the role of oceanographic currents in larval transport in the area.
Identificamos la presencia anómala de un remolino oceánico de unos 60 km de radio en el Mediterráneo occidental durante el otoño de 2017
Rastreamos la dispersión de la enfermedad que pone a la Pinna nobilis al borde de la extinción
Achieving more realistic predictions and ocean simulations through the implementation of the "data assimilation" technique in our WMOP model.
MEDCLIC scientific team has developed a biophysical model to understand the impact of marine currents on the mechanisms that control the biological production and the ecosystem of the Alboran Sea.


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Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
Juan Fernandez fur seals were used heavily by sealers in the late 1700s and early 1800s as a source of pelts, blubber, meat, and oil. Unfortunately this hunting lead to precipitous population declines and near extinction.
Positive Impacts: body parts are source of valuable material; research and education
- WWF - The Conservation Organization. 2000. "Juan Fernandez Fur Seal" (On-line ). Accessed Dec/12/02 at _URL_
No one has provided updates yet.


Music and Yoga are the rhythm and discipline of life, could say two universals come together on 21st June, a day that celebrates both yoga and music. Bhavan's Public School celebrated the day in their campuses with vivid activities. A much deserved and fullfledged celebration was kicked into gear with special assemblies to highlight the wholesome effects of music and yoga. The assemblies' encompassed euphonious songs, speech and yoga postures. The speeches given by the teachers stressed the importance of both music and yoga in our lives. At Matar Campus the day was marked with yoga techniques in collaboration with Swasthi Academy in which their Yoga Guru Shino Mathew assisted the students to stretch and relax in order to explore the mechanics of life. Principal Mr M.P.Philip and Headmistress Mrs ShailajaKrishnaKumar and Mrs. Asha Shiju propelled the students about the importance of disciplined life through the practice of both Yoga and Music.


March 15, 2014
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Redirect I/O to a TextBoxWriter in.NET
 - April 17, 2006
 - By Paul Kimmel
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A data stream is like a river where you set data adrift. You put data on the river and it floats along, waiting to be plucked out at some other location. As with streams in nature, you can move up or down the stream, see what's there, and put in or take out things. Streams in.NET work that way too. In.NET, the console is represented by the stream class/metaphor. When you write a statement such as Console.WriteLine, the argument to WriteLine is put on the stream and it usually shows up in a command window.
Sometimes, though, you want basic output to go somewhere else besides the console (or DOS prompt). For example, System.Diagnostics sends Debug statements to the Output window in Visual Studio, and NUnit redirects Console.WriteLine statements to an internal window in its NUnit GUI. Well, you can redirect console output for your applications too, and this article shows you how. Specifically, you'll learn how to redirect Console output streams to a TextBox instead of the command window.
Creating a Custom TextWriter
The System.Console class has an Out property. The Out property is an instance of a TextWriter. To redirect Console output statements, you have to define a class that inherits from System.IO.TextWriter and replaces the default value of Out to an instance of your custom class. After you define and create an instance of your custom TextWriter, you replace the value of Out by calling Console.SetOut.
After defining the custom TextWriter class, you need to define two things:
 1. A control that will be the new output locus
 2. An event handler that is fired when the Windows handle of the new output control is created. (You need the Windows handle because you can't perform tasks such as sending text to a TextBox until that TextBox's Windows handle is created.)
Listing 1 shows the custom TextWriter import statements, class header, and fields.
Listing 1: The Stub for the Custom TextWriter
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Text
Public Class TextBoxWriter
 Inherits System.IO.TextWriter
 Private control As TextBoxBase
 Private Builder As StringBuilder
End Class
Implementing the Constructor
You add the constructor to the code in Listing 1. The constructor accepts a TextBox as an argument to the constructor and wires up the HandleCreated event handler for the TextBox. Listing 2 is the code for passing a textbox control to the Sub New constructor and wiring up an event handler for the TextBox's HandleCreated event. (The entire TextBoxWriter class is listed at the end of the article.)
Listing 2: Pass a TextBox Control and Wire Up an Event Handler
Public Sub New(ByVal control As TextBox)
 Me.control = control
 AddHandler control.HandleCreated, _
 New EventHandler(AddressOf OnHandleCreated)
End Sub
You don't create the StringBuilder field in the constructor because you need it only temporarily: when data is sent to the TextBoxWriter and until the TextBox's HandleCreated event fires.
Buffering I/O Until the TextBox Is Created
You can send text to the Console by using Console.Write or Console.WriteLine before a TextBox can actually handle the text. So, you need to implement a buffering scheme that can store text sent to the TextBoxWriter until the TextBox's handle is created. Once the handle is created, you can flush the buffer and forward any additional text directly to the control. Listing 3 contains a combination of Write and WriteLine methods and private subroutines for buffering text. The Public Write and WriteLine methods support basic output behaviors, and the private methods manage buffering text until the real output target is created. (You add the code in Listing 3 to the TextBoxWriter class from Listing 1.)
Listing 3: Public Write and WriteLine Methods, and Private Methods
Public Overrides Sub Write(ByVal ch As Char)
End Sub
Public Overrides Sub Write(ByVal s As String)
 If (control.IsHandleCreated) Then
 End If
End Sub
Public Overrides Sub WriteLine(ByVal s As String)
 Write(s + Environment.NewLine)
End Sub
Private Sub BufferText(ByVal s As String)
 If (Builder Is Nothing) Then
 Builder = New StringBuilder()
 End If
End Sub
Private Sub AppendText(ByVal s As String)
 If (Builder Is Nothing = False) Then
 Builder = Nothing
 End If
End Sub
All Write invocations end up at Write(ByVal s as String). This Write statement checks the control to see whether the handle has been created. If the TextBox's handle is created, it forwards the text to the control by using AppendText. If the control's handle hasn't been created yet, it buffers the text in the StringBuilder using the BufferText method. (The StringBuilder is created on demand, if needed, when BufferText is called.)
Knowing When the TextBox's Handle Is Created
The last bit of code is wired to the TextBox's HandleCreated event property. Listing 4 demonstrates how you can flush the buffer and release the StringBuilder when the TextBox's handle is created.
Listing 4: OnHandleCreated Responds When the TextBox's Handle Is Created
Private Sub OnHandleCreated(ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As EventArgs)
 If (Builder Is Nothing = False) Then
 Builder = Nothing
 End If
End Sub
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SQL Eval Function Directory_GetFiles
Directory_GetFiles returns the names of files (including their paths) that match the specified search pattern in the specified directory, using a value to determine whether to search subdirectories.
Directory_GetFiles (
 _USER_ NVARCHAR (MAX),
 _USER_ NVARCHAR (MAX)
 - path: The relative or absolute path to the directory to search. This string is not case-sensitive.
 - searchPattern: The search string to match against the names of files in path. This parameter can contain a combination of valid literal path and wildcard (* and?) characters, but it doesn't support regular expressions.
 - searchOption: One of the enumeration values that specifies whether the search operation should include all subdirectories or only the current directory.
You can use one of the following options.
SearchOption Integer Value Descritpiton
TopDirectoryOnly 0 Includes only the current directory in a search operation.
AllDirectories 1 Includes the current directory and all its subdirectories in a search operation. This option includes reparse points such as mounted drives and symbolic links in the search.
A list of the full names (including paths) for the files in the specified directory that match the specified search pattern and option, or an empty list if no files are found.
SELECT * FROM Directory_GetFiles('C:\Logs', '*.html', 1)
SELECT * FROM Directory_GetFiles('C:\Temp', '*.pdf', 0)


Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
When physicists say there is a so-and-so chance that a particle is in a particular place, do they mean…
1) that the particle has an exact location, but the best they can do with their crude measurements is to calculate the chance that it is in any place in particular
2) that the particle's position is literally a fuzzy zone of chance with no absolute position
3) something else?
This also (of course) applies for speed, but I don't want to confuse things…
in progress 0
General Physics RvTDLR 4 years 1 Answer 643 views 0
About RvTDLR
Answer ( 1 )
 1. The HUP is about limitations in measuring capability. The wave function is about the particle itself.
 The so-and-so chance that a particle is somewhere in space is about the probability density function of that particle. (ANS 2.) And that's called its wave function.
 EX: Suppose there is a particle whose wave function is the normal curve probability density function. That means there is a 99% chance of finding it within plus/minus 3 standard deviations, 95% of finding it inside plus/minus two SDs, and about a 2/3 probability of locating it inside plus/minus 1 standard deviation.
 That was a two dimensional illustration for simplicity. Of course in reality the probability density functions are three dimensional or even four if we fold time into the model.
 Note we have the wave function even though no measuring has been attempted. Now when we try to find that little guy, we'd naturally look where the probability density function says is the most likely spot.
 And when we do detect it, there is no more uncertainty as to where it's located. And that's when they say the wave function collapses. I'd say that it's more like when the wave function becomes spike whose sum is exactly 1.00. Certainty.
 And this is where the HUP comes to the fore. Because when we find the particle with certainty, we find that we cannot find the particle's momentum (velocity). And that results because of limitations in our detection devices. And this is ANS 1.
Leave an answer


Brand History
History of AKM tri-axis magnetic sensor brand "S-cube"
Aiming to realize a wealthy life
About S-cube
S-cube is a brand name of tri-axis magnetic sensing concept presented by Asahi Kasei Microdevices (AKM).
AKM provides "Magnetic Sensing Solution" that predicts user application needs with its unique IC circuit architecture and information processing algorithm which obtains information hidden in the signal of magnetic sensors.
S3 and S-cube logos are a trademark of Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation in Japan, Europe and the United States.
History of AKM Tri-axis Magnetic Sensor
Innovating Sensors since 2003
Asahi Kasei Corporation is a company providing from houses and household products to cutting-edge electronic devices in various fields.
S-cube was established in March 2003 at the Electronic Components Research Laboratory, which aims to develop new value-added electronic components that can only be produced by Asahi Kasei.
With the rapid development of advanced technologies such as SNS, AI, AR/VR, robotics, in addition to IT, the world has entered the super computerization era. Recently, there is an overflow of information equipment such as computers and smartphones around us. Autonomous driving technology has progressed, and various sensors have been installed in this technology. Software that accurately processes sensor signal information on computers is becoming increasingly important to unveil things hidden in the sensor signal and provide them as information which is needed for life.
AKM is working to develop "sensor solutions" that comprehensively provide signal processing hardware (architecture) and information processing software (algorithms) with optimally interface of sensors and computers, which is not just the development of conventional sensor devices.
New sensor era has come
Sensors have been required to serve as transducers that convert primarily physical and chemical quantities into electrical signals. Therefore, a higher conversion efficiency (=sensitivity) sensor was considered as a better sensor. Typical examples include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, and optical sensors. Acceleration sensors and magnetic sensors that detect gravity and vibration are also well known.
Information devices such as smartphones are required to have the capability to provide flexible services by taking up human intentions more than ever before. With the spread of IoT products that can transmit and acquire data information from anytime and anywhere, we have been in the world where a large number of sensors are active throughout the world. We believe that an unprecedented new sensor will be needed, just like a trillion sensor society.
Instead of simply converting physical and chemical quantities into electrical signals, the sensor signals are used to derive those useful for human life, and are then converted into information that can be used well by the user. We want to realize these new concepts via S-cube.
Conventional sensor vs. S-cube sensor
What is the purpose of the sensor?
What is the most demanding performance of the sensor now?
Higher sensitivity? Wide dynamic range? Do you want to reduce the size and power consumption?
All of these are important performances, but the value of the sensor is not determined only by the numerical performances written on these specification sheets. The environment you want to measure and the information you want, that is, the user's two dimensions required for the sensor, will vary greatly depending on the application. The optimal sensor is different depending on the purpose of measurement.
Therefore, AKM began by moving away from the traditional development process, such as developing a sensor with good numerical performance and then finding a market where it can be used. Rather than using the performance of the sensor itself as a starting point for the idea, we begin by assuming an application and considering the environmental conditions we want to measure, and devising an algorithm to extract the desired information from it.
Our policy is to design the optimal architecture for signal processing as an IC circuit, and then select the optimal sensor. AKM provides a go-one-step-ahead sensing solution that anticipates and develops the technologies required by user applications, with a focus on "what is the purpose of measurement with sensors" rather than "improving the performance of sensors."


Diversity & Multicultural Affairs
Selma's 50th Anniversary of the Voting Rights Act March from Selma to Montgomery
Approximately 25 AUM students participated in the 50th Anniversary of Bloody Sunday; while navigating an estimated crowd of 80,000 people, students listened to the Reverend Jesse Jackson, the Reverend Al Sharpton, and similar civil rights leaders' challenges of keeping the spirit of the Bloody Sunday alive and meaningful. During reflection periods, students shared the following comments:
"I learned that many people care what happens to African-Americans."
"We take so much for granted."
"I will register to vote. Seeing and hearing everything today caught my attention. I should have registered a long time ago."
[I will use this experience] "by voting and telling as many people as possible the significance of voting."
"Powerful speakers can take you far."
"Let them know voting is important."
"I will use what Martin Luther King III, said about voting to help the youth understand how important our vote is..."
 Day of the Dead
The AUM community learns how to honor their departed loved ones within the context of Mexican culture. AUM Student Affair's Diversity Office collaborates with World Languages & Cultures to create a Day of the Dead Table open for all to honor loved ones. The event culminates with a brief talk and food.
Kwanza and Hanukah: Rituals of a Shared Struggle
The audience learns historical collaborations between African Americans and Jews during and prior to the Civil Rights Movement. This event positions Judaism as a culture, then explores its history in America as a parallel to that of the African American experience. Facilitators also speak briefly to specific roles Jews played in social movements, then they provide abbreviated versions of Hanukkah and Kwanzaa rituals.
African American Alumni Reception
In collaboration with Alumni Affairs, this event is an example of how AUM Student Affair's Diversity Office can collaborate with other units to create institutional impact. The reception reunites African American alumni with current faculty, administrators, and students throughout the campus. Alumni Affairs has engaged this group to help create scholarship opportunities for students.
AUM Women Speak!
In the form of a panel, AUM women-leaders (faculty, administrators, staff-members, etc.) throughout the campus share their personal/professional journey in a context of diversity-education and mentoring. The women represent diversity in its traditional and evolving aspects. Furthermore, their experiences position them as mentors for younger women and others in the AUM community.
The Martin Luther King, Jr. Reflections Seminar
Beginning as a Martin Luther King, Jr. Reflections Breakfast, this event has evolved into an evening celebration. Primarily a student-planned and facilitated celebration grounded in diversity and leadership skills. Students who represent diversity in its broadest sense share ideas of how youth culture can keep Dr. King's dream relevant to succeeding generations. This sharing often includes a brief keynote speaker.
Thanks Giving Around the World
This celebration helps students see how giving thanks and celebrating family and community is a global experience with different names. Students from many countries, including America, spend a few minutes explaining their cultural festival that resembles America's traditional Thanksgiving celebration.


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Having obtained a or, more compactly a, we can compute the probability of any point in the vector space5.2. However, evaluating the pdf in such a manner is not necessarily the ultimate objective. Often, some components of the vector are given as input () and the learning system is required the estimate the missing components as output5.3 (). In other words, can be broken up into two sub-vectors and and a conditional pdf is computed from the original joint pdf over the whole vector as in Equation 5.3. This conditional pdf is with the j superscript to indicate that it is obtained from the previous estimate of the joint density. When an input is specified, this conditional density becomes a density over, the desired output of the system. This density is the required function of the learning system and if a final output estimate is need, the expectation or arg max can be found via Equation 5.4.
Obtaining a conditional density from the unconditional (i.e. joint) probability density function in such a roundabout way can be shown to be suboptimal. However, it has remained popular and is convenient partly because of the availability of powerful techniques for joint density estimation (such as EM).
If we know a priori that we will need the conditional density, it is evident that it should be estimated directly from the training data. Direct Bayesian conditional density estimation is defined in Equation 5.5. The vector (the input or covariate) is always given and the (the output or response) is to be estimated. The training data is of course also explicitly split into the corresponding and vector sets. Note here that the conditional density is referred to as to distinguish it from the expression in Equation 5.3.
Here, parametrizes a conditional density. is exactly the parametrization of the conditional density that results from the joint density parametrized by. Initially, it seems intuitive that the above expression should yield exactly the same conditional density as before. It seems natural that p(y|x)c should equal p(y|x)j since the is just the conditioned version of. In other words, if the expression in Equation 5.1 is conditioned as in Equation 5.3, then the result in Equation 5.5 should be identical. This conjecture is wrong.
Upon closer examination, we note an important difference. The we are integrating over in Equation 5.5 is not the same as in Equation 5.1. In the direct conditional density estimate (Equation 5.5), the only parametrizes a conditional density and therefore provides no information about the density of or. In fact, we can assume that the conditional density parametrized by is just a function over with some parameters. Therefore, we can essentially ignore any relationship it could have to some underlying joint density paramtrized by. Since this is only a conditional model, the term in Equation 5.5 behaves differently than the similar term in Equation 5.1. This is illustrated in the manipulation involving Bayes rule shown in Equation 5.6.
In the final line of Equation 5.6, an important manipulation is noted: is replaced with. This implies that observing does not affect the probability of. This operation is invalid in the joint density estimation case since has parameters that determine a density in the domain. However, in conditional density estimation, if is not also observed, is independent from. It in no way constrains or provides information about the density of since it is merely a conditional density over. The graphical models in Figure 5.4 depict the difference between joint density models and conditional density models using a directed acyclic graph . Note that the model and the are independent if is not observed in the conditional density estimation scenario. In graphical terms, the joint parametrization is a parent of the children nodes and. Meanwhile, the conditional parametrization and the data are co-parents of the child (they are marginally independent). Equation 5.7 then finally illustrates directly estimated conditional density solution.
The Bayesian integration estimate of the conditional density appears to be different and inferior from the conditional Bayesian integration estimate of the unconditional density. 5.4 The integral (typically) is difficult to evaluate. The corresponding conditional MAP and conditional ML solutions are given in Equation 5.8.
At this point, the reader is encouraged to read the Appendix for an example of conditional Bayesian inference ( ) and how it differs from conditioned joint Bayesian inference ( ). From this example we note that (regardless of the degree of sophistication of the inference) direct conditional density estimation is different and superior to conditioned joint density estimation. Since in many applications, full Bayesian integration is computationally too intensive, the MLc and the MAPc cases derived above will be emphasized. In the following, we shall specifically attend to the conditional maximum likelihood case (which can be extended to the MAPc) and see how General Bound Maximization (GBM) techniques can be applied to it. The GBM framework is a set of operations and approaches that can be used to optimize a wide variety of functions. Subsequently, the framework is applied to MLc and MAPc expressions that were advocated above to find their maximum. The result of this derivation is the Conditional Expectation Maximization (CEM) algorithm which will be the workhorse learning system we will be using for the ARL training data.


triangular prisms above and below and more than one set of these around the light, allowing a number of beams, that can vary, to be generated from one light. This is very heavy up to 5 tones, more than half of this being glass, and be up to 12 foot high, in the case of South Foreland Lighthouses, in Kent and Bishop Rock Lighthouse, in Cornwall, at that time, although there were a range of sizes smaller. Usually you find the unit floating in a cast iron container of mercury to remove friction, this could then be driven by a clockwork mechanism or by acetylene gas pressure. This is the arrangement we think of now, when thinking of the light unit inside a lighthouse, and what we will often see at the top of the climb up a tower.
He also developed a barrel system based on the same idea, that sends light out in all directions but a small vertical height, and these were used in some bouys.
Later with electric lamps the unit could be reduced in size to around 30 inches high and made of Perspex or plastic, allowing it to be driven by a small electric motor
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