color chooserblueRedGreenOrangePurple
Font ResizeFont DecreaseRevert font size to defaultIncrease font size
You are here: Home RCI Programmes Other Programmes Short Term Programmes
Search within the Web Portal Punarbhava
Short Term Programmes PDF Print E-mail
Friday, 03 February 2012 13:14
 - Training Course for the teachers of the Deaf in use of ISS-TC for teaching language to the Deaf Children.
 - Certificate course of 2 months for Vocational instruction in integrated setup.
 - Certificate course for Multiple-purpose Rehabilitation workers Under NPRPD Scheme, Govt. of India.
 - Training Courses for Community Based Rehabilitation working for NPRPD Scheme.
 - Short termrefresher Programme in Rehabilitation Psychology.
Institutions desirous of running above short courses may contact,
Member Secretary, RCI
Sign Language Interpreter Course
Lack of proper communication causes a lot of setback which are detrimental to any individual's well being. In order to assist the deaf individuals, Sign Language Interpreters are required in all walks of life especially to provide access to Social, Educational, Vocational and Economic opportunities, as well as to provide the means for safeguarding the interests of individuals in such fundamentals as health care/hazards and justice in the legal system.
(abbreviations : ISL = Indian Sign Language, SL = Sign Language)
For the purpose of preparing Interpreters, it is proposed to provide the training at two levels.
It is essential that the person should be a fluent user of Sign Language to be eligible for entry on a training course for Interpreters. Therefore at the first level of the training hearing persons who wish to become Interpreters will have to undergo training and assessment in use of Sign Language. The training course, thus, at the first level would be:
Training and assessment in use of Indian Sign Language (ISL Training Course) :
Training at the second level would be for the Interpreters, which will aim at training and assessment of Sign Language users as skilled Interpreters. (ISL Interpreters' Course).
Since this is the first time that such a course is being conducted in India, it will be treated as a Pilot project. The details of the first course i.e. Training and assessment in use of Indian Sign Language are provided below :
 1. Objective :
 1. raining Hearing person as ISl Users for the purpose of communicating effectively with deaf persons who are familiar with ISL
 2. Giving hearing persons adequate skills as ISL users so that they can in turn become tutors on ISL. Training Courses.
 3. Giving hearing persons adequate skills to become fluent users of ISL, so that they can, if they wish, pursue the training as ISL interpreters at least for their regions.
 4. Setup a Registry of ISL Interpreters.
 2. Grades in Training Course : The course will be provided at two grade levels. Grade-I and Grade-II.
 Grade-I course: This will be an introduction to the Indian Sign Language.
 Grade-II course: This will aim at expertise in use of ISI.
 3. Batches : Each batch will be of minimum 10 or maximum 15 persons.
 4. Duration :
 1. 15 days at a stretch (8 hours a day ) OR
 2. Weekend course (4 hours a day) for 30 weekends (i.e. 4 months).
 5. Course Content
 1. Grade-I :
 1. Signs for 500 basic functional vocabulary items.
 2. 100-150 conversational sentences including statements questions and instructions.
 3. Interacting with the deaf (5 sessions - each session of 2 hours).
 4. Assessment - mainly practicals.
 2. Grade-II :
 1. Signs for about 1500 words/ concepts.
 2. 300 conversational sentences.
 3. Ability to converse in general on several topics of interest and practical use e.g visit to hospital, friends place, school, bank, market, travel etc.
Teaching Language to the Deaf Children
 6. Top of Page
 1. Explanation of the Key terms used in this proposal
 TC : Total communication approach utilizes every form of input available to present the vocabulary, complete sentences and grammatical language concepts to hearing impaired children. It involves oral skills, signing finger spelling, auditory training, reading/writing, any form of communication which stimulates a child to develop conceptual thinking acquire language, and encourage him/her to express thoughts in the correct language order.
 The TC approach seems to be a more practical approach as it accepts the limitations imposed on the child's abilities by his handicap, and then sets out to provide a suitable and facile way out. As one can see, TC has all the elements of oralism. This sign per word system (contrived systematic signed/manually coded, language) thus adequately supports the fragments of speech that are heard or seen on lips by a deaf person.
 TC has seen a tremendous growth in acceptance among educators in U.K., France, U.S.A, China, Singapore. Australia, Scandinavian countries and Benauleux countries (Holland, France, Germany).
 2. SIGN LANGUAGE (SL) is the visual gestural language of the deaf community. It cannot be written or spoken. It is a language in its own right and have a linguistic structure very different from that of the spoken languages. There is no such thing as a universal sign language. Many of the signs used by the deaf differ from place to place and region to region. But it has been observed that two deaf persons from different regions can very well adapt to a level of communication which is uncommon in the hearing world.
 3. ISL-Indian Sign Language as is used by the deaf community in India.
 4. ISS-Indian Signing System: A system of signs/manual code for the vocabulary and grammatical items in Indian language. It is mandatory in the use of this system to use signs along with speech i.e. simultaneously. Many of the signs in ISS are an adaptation from ISL excluding the grammatical structure.
 In ISS, while the signs for the content words would remain the same across languages, there would be some difference in signing the function words/some grammatical elements of each Indian language. Work on six Indian languages has already been done by Dr. Prabha Ghate who is currently designated as the Project Director of the RCI Sign Language Project.
 5. ISS-TC :ISS as part of TC (Total Communication):
 6. IMA -Indian Manual Alphabet: There are some 50 speech sounds and the letters representing these in our Indo-Aryan and Dravidian Languages. The handshapes representing these sounds/letters are called finger spelling and the system is termed IMA.
Deaf children have very special educational needs. In many ways they require qualitatively different services from the hearing children, such as specific communication methods and teaching techniques, and a special curriculum for the purpose of development of concepts and a sound language foundation. Hearing children begin school with a well developed oral language system which is used as the medium for their instruction and which is the basis for development of reading and writing skills. As against this, for most deaf children, a primary overriding goal is to develop the basic language skills before they begin their formal academic education.
The premise on which the advocacy of the ISS-TC approach is based are as follows :
 1. Verbal language is necessary for education.
 2. Language development is dependent upon the complete input of the raw material of language to enable a child to abstract and internalize the system of the language spoken around him.
 3. All children including the straight forward deaf children have the brain potential to acquire language and speech skills. But this natural and normal process of development of language and speech does not take place in case of born deaf or a prelingually profoundly deaf child automatically without proper intervention.
 4. Learning-teaching an auditory based vocal system of language in the absence of the sense of hearing is an extremely difficult and complex process.
 5. Some deaf children who are fortunate to have the benefits of early intervention with very sophisticated electronic devices and education of good quality, may benefit from pure oral-aural approach; but what happens top others? In most cases, these children leave schools with inadequate language skills even after years of special schooling and tutoring.
 6. It is felt that the ISS-TC will help immensely in making the input of language facile and complete and aid acquisition of a language system. The combined use of signs and spoken words adequately support the incomplete and ambiguous patterns of speech that are heard or seen on lips. (this has to be supported by an appropriate language program to suit the interests and maturity level of the child).
 7. The TC approach is considered to be a more humane and practical approach as it accepts the limitations imposed on the child's abilities by his handicap and then sets out to provide a suitable and facile way out.
 8. As the child begins to acquire the basics of language and some speech, more time then can be devoted to sharpening his tip-reading skills, listening skills, and literacy levels.
The specific form of TC approach that is proposed to be used for this training course will have ISS-Indian Signing System, as its major component and the teachers will be given training mainly in the use of ISS along with training in techniques in using the special curriculum for the development of basic language and speech skills.
The research findings indicate that great damage could be done through not introducing manual media to the child who proves


text: When a PT stands close to you or holds onto your hips when you walk so you don't fall, that's called guarding. PTs don't like it when their patient falls, that means a lot of paperwork and paperwork sucks. So I had dinner with my friend tonight and she uses a walker when she walks. Her dad follows closely behind her when she's walking. He was guarding(holding) her on the shoulder. Wrong. When you're guarding someone when they walk, you hold the hips, or keep your hands close to the hips. Not at the waist, at the hips. At the hips you can control the motion of the entire body. If you're holding onto the shoulders and their legs go out from under them, down they go. But if you're holding at the hips you can prevent the fall, usually. When guarding on stairs you should always be below the patient. If the person is going down the stairs you should be in front of them going down backwards – ready to catch them if they fall. If the person is going up stairs you should be behind them – ready to catch them if they fall.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Maghain Aboth Synagogue
Comments on article: InfopediaTalk
Maghain Aboth Synagogue, which translates to "Shield of our Fathers", was completed in 1878. Situated at Waterloo Street, it is the oldest synagogue in Singapore and Southeast Asia. On 27 February 1998, the synagogue was gazetted as a national monument.
In 1841, the colonial government leased a plot of land to the Jewish community at a nominal rent, for the construction of a synagogue. This was to be the community's first synagogue. The land, estimated to measure 503m2, was located at where Synagogue Street is today, in the early Jewish quarters near Raffles Place.
The lease was enshrined in the Jewish Synagogue Ordinance and commenced on 1 September 1841. The three men that negotiated the lease, Joseph Dewk Cohen, Nassim Joseph Ezra and Ezra Ezra Ezekiel, were named in the Ordinance as the synagogue's trustees.
A two-storey shophouse was built to accommodate the synagogue, which began with a congregation of about 40 and served the local Jewish population for 30 years until the shophouse was sold. This building was demolished after World War II.
By 1870, the Jewish population had grown significantly and many were living further away from the synagogue. The leaders of the community thus saw the need to build a new synagogue, a need that was later met by the opening of the Maghain Aboth Synagogue.
In 1870, one of the new trustees, Joseph Joshua, negotiated to pay $4,000 for a piece of land owned by Raffles Institution at Bras Basah, for the construction of a new synagogue. However, the agreement required the synagogue to be built within three years. Because the funds for the building project could not be raised in time, the agreement lapsed.
It was only when Joshua's nephew Manasseh Meyer, also one of the trustees, returned to Singapore in 1873 that the current site for the Maghain Aboth Synagogue was acquired. Meyer, who had been in Rangoon (now called Yangon, in Myanmar) for the past six years, approached the government upon his return, for permission to sell the old synagogue and build a new one. The government approved his request and granted a plot of land at Waterloo Street (then known as Church Street) for the new synagogue.
On 4 April 1878, the Maghain Aboth Synagogue was consecrated. According to official sources, the service could have been conducted by one of two men, Lucunas or I. J. Hayeem, or both of them. The building had extensions added in 1924.
During the Japanese Occupation (_PHONE_), the synagogue remained an important meeting place, where the local Jews exchanged news and collected funds to help those in need.
The synagogue sits within a 2,290.6m2 compound where a sunk-in well for the mikvah or "ritual bath" can also be found. The synagogue itself is a simple, symmetrical building designed in neo-classical style. The covered porch that protrudes from the front of the building has an entrance arch large enough to allow horse carriages through.
From the front porch, a wide flight of steps leads up to the three wide doors at the main entrance of the synagogue. There are two separate entrances for women. Inside, the hall features a high triple-volume ceiling, traditional columns and rusticated walls that do not bear any decorations or images. In the centre is the bimah, a raised pulpit where prayers by the rabbi and readings from the Torah ("scrolls of the law") take place during services. The synagogue originally had only one storey, but a second-storey U-shaped balcony was later added to accommodate women.
The prayer hall is orientated west towards Jerusalem. The bimah faces the ahel or "ark", which is situated in a niche on an elevated area at the west wall of the hall. The ahel is an alcove where the Torah is stored and it is normally covered by the parochet, a fringed curtain with detailed embroidery. Hanging before the ahel is the eternal lamp, a symbol of the eternal flame that burned in what once was the Temple of Jerusalem. Sometimes a menorah or "seven-branched candlestand" would also be placed here, as a symbol of the state of Israel.
In the past, gas lighting and oil lamps provided illumination during services. The oil lamps, which were merely wicks placed in glass bowls filled with oil, still hang suspended from steel rods today, mainly in remembrance of those who died in the past year. Electric lamps attached to the ceiling and columns now provide the needed lighting.
Services and events
The Maghain Aboth Synagogue is a hive of activity during Jewish festive celebrations. It is open all year round and holds services daily except on Mondays, when services take place at the Chesed El Synagogue instead. In the early days, during the service, congregants had the practice of auctioning the aliyoth or "privileges" given to certain members of the congregation, with the money going towards the maintenance of the synagogue.
In 2006, the synagogue was one of the religious sites used as an exhibition venue during the inaugural Singapore Biennale.
Bonny Tan & Valerie Chew
Attorney General's Chambers. (2010). Jewish Synagogue Ordinance. Retrieved September 1, 2010, from Singapore Statutes Online website: _URL_
Edwards, N., & Keys, P. (1988). Singapore: A guide to buildings, streets, places (p. 271). Singapore: Times Books International.
(Call no.: RSING 915.957 EDW)
Jewish Welfare Board. (n.d.). History. Retrieved September 8, 2010, from _URL_
Lee, G. B. (2002). The religious monuments of Singapore: Faiths of our forefathers (pp. 102-105). Singapore: Landmark Books.
(Call no.: RSING 726.095957 LEE)
Lim, E. W. K., & Kho, E. M. (c2005). The Chesed-El Synagogue: Its history & people (pp. 8-19). Singapore: Trustees of Chesed-El Synagogue.
(Call no.: RSING 296.095957 LIM)
Nathan, E. (1986). The history of Jews in Singapore, _PHONE_ (pp. 1-13). Singapore: HERBILU Editorial & Marketing Services.
(Call no.: RSING 301.45192405957 NAT)
Singapore biennale 2006. (2006, September 6). The Straits Times. Retrieved January 21, 2011, from NewspaperSG.
Urban Redevelopment Authority. (1999). Maghain Aboth Synagogue preservation guidelines, Vol. I (pp. 4-6, 24). Singapore: Preservation of Monuments Board.
(Call no.: RSING 363.69095957 MAG)
Maghain Aboth Synagogue. (2010). Retrieved September 8, 2010, from Preservation of Monuments Board website: _URL_
Makepeace, W., Brooke, G. E., & Braddell, R. St. J. (Eds.). (1991). One hundred years of Singapore, Vol. 2 (pp. 274-275). Singapore: Oxford University Press.
(Call no.: RSING 959.57 ONE)
Samuel, D. S. (1991). Singapore's heritage: Through places of historical interest (pp. 49-51). Singapore: Elixir Consultancy Service.
(Call no.: RSING 959.57 SAM)
Wan, M. H. (2009). Heritage places of Singapore (pp. 127-128). Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions.
(Call no.: RSING 959.57 WAN)
The information in this article is valid as at 2010 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history on the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic.
Architecture and Landscape>>Building Types>>Historic Buildings
Architecture and Landscape>>Building Types>>Religious Buildings
People and communities>>Social groups and communities

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Difference Between Innate and Obtained Traits
The concept that some faculties of an system are explained by the system's intrinsic nature, whilst others mirror the impact associated with environment is a historical one. It offers also been argued that this distinction is it self an element of the psychology that is evolved of individual types. The difference played a role that is important the real history of philosophy given that locus associated with dispute between Rationalism and Empiricism talked about an additional entry in this encyclopedia. This entry, nevertheless, centers on twentieth-century reports associated with innate/acquired difference. These reports have actually when it comes to many component been encouraged by the sciences of head and behavior.
Innateness should be obviously distinguished from heritability, at the least within the medical feeling of that term
The proven fact that heritability scores gauge the level to which a attribute is natural is just a fallacy that is vulgar. Heritability is really a analytical measure of the types of specific variations in a populace. While heritability it self is well recognized, its relationship towards the distinction that is innate/acquired very controversial.
The fact that a trait is natural is today commonly expressed by saying it's вЂin the genesвЂ™. But genes perform a important part in the manufacturing of each and every trait. Consequently, it does not do in order to state merely that natural characteristics are вЂcaused by genesвЂ™ whilst obtained faculties are вЂcaused because of the environmentвЂ™. Any relationship between hereditary causation therefore the distinction that is innate/acquired be a lot more complex than this.
Current philosophical analyses of this innate/acquired difference can be categorized into four kinds. The initial identifies natural faculties with those characteristic of an species that is entire identifies obtained faculties with those who differ between populations and people. a type that is second of identifies natural faculties with those who may be explained by normal selection. The 3rd, and presently the absolute most influential, identifies traits that are innate those payday loans in Idaho generated by a specific habits of connection between genes and environment. a 4th, quite various, form of analysis shows that labelling a trait вЂinnateвЂ™ is just a real method to point so it lies beyond your domain of therapy.
Finally, there was a tradition of scepticism concerning the distinction that is innate/acquired. Sceptics argue so it confounds a wide range of distinctions which are better kept separate, or, maybe equivalently, there is nobody property of a trait that corresponds to its being natural.
 - 1. The innate/acquired difference in the sciences of head and behavior
 - 2. Heritability and innateness
 - 3. Innateness and genetics
 - 4. Current philosophical analyses associated with idea of innateness
 - 4.1 Innateness as universality
 - 4.2 Innateness as adaptation
 - 4.3 Innateness as canalization
 - 4.4 Innateness as disciplinary boundary marker
 - 5. Scepticism in regards to the distinction that is innate/acquired
 - 6. Conclusions
 - Bibliography
 - Academic Tools
 - Other Web Resources
 - Related Entries
1. The distinction that is innate/acquired the sciences of head and behavior
Instinctive behaviour is at the center of very very early 20 th century psychology and reports of instinct had been provided by numerous leading psychologists regarding the duration, including Conwy Lloyd Morgan, James Mark Baldwin, William James and William McDougall (Richards). Nevertheless, a reaction that is strong the thought of instinct developed in therapy in the united states. To some extent, this is a response towards the evidently unconstrained postulation of brand new вЂinstinctsвЂ™. The experts had been additionally dubious regarding the vitalistic sympathies of some instinct that is leading, specially McDougall. Most of all, nonetheless, interests instinct showed up scientifically vacuous whenever set from the experimentally testable, mechanistic explanations made available from the growing behaviorist college of therapy. The absolute most radical experts thought that also John Broadus Watson, the creator of behaviourism, had conceded a lot to instinct by permitting that the number that is small of between easy stimuli and reactions were inborn (Watson). A scientist should be satisfied to never say that behavior is вЂinheritedвЂ™ or вЂinstinctiveвЂ™, argued Zing Yang Kuo, because this just poses the question вЂHow are our instincts acquired?вЂ™ (Kuo). Few psychologists went so far as Kuo (see, e.g. Tolman) but criticisms similar to this efficiently banished the concept of instinct from systematic therapy, at the very least in united states.
The research of instinct ended up being rehabilitated within the years on either part of World War Two by the founders of ethology, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen (Tinbergen; Tinbergen; Lorenz; Lorenz and Tinbergen). Ethology had been an approach that is darwinian behavior plus the direct ancestor of today's behavioural ecology and sociobiology. It addressed a system's behavior as just one more evolved characteristic alongside its skeleton as well as its digestive tract. Instinctive behavior had been considered to be consists of recognizable unitsвЂ" вЂfixed action patternsвЂ™ вЂ" whose development could possibly be examined like this of the bone tissue by comparing the various kind taken because of the exact exact exact same (homologous) behavior in numerous types. The evolutionary relationships of wild wild birds, for instance, had been considered to be mirrored in similarities and variations in their courtship rituals since certainly as in similarities and variations in their bones.


text:
Richard Axel and Linda Buck honored for discovering genetic coding that allows us to identify and distinguish thousands of smells
NEW YORK, NY, October 4, 2004 – Richard Axel, M.D. of Columbia University Medical Center has won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Linda B. Buck, Ph.D., of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center for clarifying how the olfactory system works. Dr. Buck was a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia when she and Dr. Axel jointly published the fundamental paper on the subject in 1991.
The sense of smell has remained the most enigmatic of the senses. The work of Drs. Axel and Buck has provided understanding on how the nose is able to distinguish more than 10,000 distinct smells. The researchers discovered a gene pool of more than 1,000 different genes that encode olfactory receptors in the nose that detect odors and olfaction. This is believed to be the largest gene family in the human genome.
"I'm deeply honored and very pleased," said Dr. Axel. "This honor represents the long efforts of the many faculty, students and fellows who have worked within our laboratories at Columbia University Medical Center. I have received enormous support over the years beginning with the scholarship I received to attend Columbia College. I have to also thank the National Institutes of Health and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute that allowed the performance of truly novel experiments by our research team."
Dr. Richard Axel is University Professor, Columbia University, and Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center. He has been at Columbia University Medical Center his entire career, and was an undergraduate at Columbia College.
Axel and Buck join a group of 70 notable Columbians whose work has been recognized by the Nobel Foundation, including 19 in the category of physiology or medicine.
"Columbia University is honored that our esteemed faculty member, Richard Axel, has received the Nobel Prize for his pioneering studies clarifying how our sense of smell works," said Columbia University President Lee C. Bollinger. "Dr. Axel's groundbreaking research solves the puzzle of how we translate the sensations around us into knowledge that is key for our survival and quality of life."
"Dr. Axel's work is among the most important discoveries of the past 50 years, providing insights regarding how individuals perceive their external environment," said Gerald D. Fischbach, executive vice president, Columbia University Medical Center. "He has been an enormously important influence for all the sciences here at Columbia University, the medical center and the College of Physicians and Surgeons. His wide range of interests and enormous skills in molecular biology have influenced faculty throughout the university."
"We congratulate Richard and Linda for their profoundly important discovery, and for the way in which they achieved it," said David Hirsh, executive vice president for research at Columbia University. "Their experiments represent the highest form of creativity, scientific discipline and scholarship. This is science at its most beautiful."
The sense of smell is possible because neurons directly connect the brain to the outside world. In the nose, receptors on the neurons pick up odors from the environment and send that information directly to the olfactory bulb, the first relay station in the brain. Drs. Axel and Buck determined how neurons converge in the olfactory bulb, which gave them further insights into how smell is processed in the brain. Each olfactory receptor cell possesses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances, so the olfactory receptor cells are highly specialized for a few odors. Most odors are composed of multiple odorant molecules, and each odorant molecule activates several odorant receptors, leading to a combined odorant pattern, which allows us to recognize and form memories of approximately 10,000 different odors. The combination of odorant receptors activated when we smell a rose tell us that it smells nice and is different from the combination of receptors activated by rotting fish.
The sense of smell is essential to the survival of most species, who use their olfactory systems to identify food, smell predators and observe and interpret their environments. In humans, smells warn us if food has gone bad and can be powerful enough to trigger distinct memories years later.
Axel and his colleagues also developed gene transfer techniques that permit the introduction of virtually any gene into any cell, allowing the analysis of gene function in vivo. These experiments in cell transformation led to the isolation and functional analysis of the gene for the T-cell surface protein, CD4, the cellular receptor for HIV. He then began to apply the techniques of molecular biology to problems in neurobiology. He identified the peptide genes responsible for eliciting an innate behavior in a marine snail, and molecular analysis of these genes suggests how diverse behavioral patterns may be encoded in the genetic material and inherited from parent to offspring.
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
Don't be too timid and squeamish about your actions. All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make the better.
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson


Greater Ancestors
World Museum
Gigantic Jawbones from the Channel Islands
Two very different races waged war on the Channel Islands. One was a race of giants whose jawbones were so large they could slip over a full-grown man's head. One of the skeletons was of a gigantic individual in which a long bone spear point was sticking out of his leg bone. His skull was shattered by a large round stone used as a war-weapon. A spear had passed through his heart dealing a death blow, it was thrown so hard it pierced through his shoulder blade. This account comes from a Mr. Long-fellow says the San Fransisco Chronicle.
The archeological establishment found a treasure trove of artifacts: skeletons (9 entire while hundreds had been burned), 87 skulls, weapons and instruments, there were ornaments and jewelry made of shell and stone on San Nicholas Island which is about 65 miles on and island off the coast of Santa Barbara, California.
~Chris L Lesley
The Channel Islands Were Once Populated by California Native Americans Who Were A Maritime People.
Newark Daily Advocate, (Newark, Ohio) July 12, 1897 Ghastly Indian Relics
Bones of a Giant Race on San Nicolas Islands
Fritz Zimmerman: The Nephilim Chronicles, Angels of the Ohio Valley
* Copy This Password *
* Type Or Paste Password Here *


Model validation'. Think of the model validation page as a set of unit tests for your model!
With a working model in place we can look at places where our current impulse performs poorly...
5. Anomaly detection
Neural networks are great, but they have one big flaw. They're terrible at dealing with data they have never seen before (like a new gesture). Neural networks cannot judge this, as they are only aware of the training data. If you give it something unlike anything it has seen before it'll still classify as one of the three classes.
Let's look at how this works in practice. Go to 'Live classification' and record some new data, but now vividly shake your device. Take a look and see how the network will predict something regardless.
So... how can we do better? If you look at the feature explorer on the accX RMS, accY RMS and accZ RMS axes, you should be able to visually separate the classified data from the training data. We can use this to our advantage by training a new (second) network that creates clusters around data that we have seen before, and compares incoming data against these clusters. If the distance from a cluster is too large you can flag the sample as an anomaly, and not trust the neural network.
To add this block go to Create impulse, click Add learning block, and select 'K-means Anomaly Detection'. Then click Save impulse.
To configure the clustering model click on Anomaly detection in the menu. Here we need to specify:
 - The number of clusters. Here use 32.
 - The axes that we want to select during clustering. As we can visually separate the data on the accX RMS, accY RMS and accZ RMS axes, select those.
Click Start training to generate the clusters. You can load existing validation samples into the anomaly explorer with the dropdown menu.
Known clusters in blue, the shake data in orange. It's clearly outside of any known clusters and can thus be tagged as an anomaly.
The anomaly explorer only plots two axes at the same time. Under 'average axis distance' you see how far away from each axis the validation sample is. Use the dropdown menu's to change axes.
6. Deploying back to device
With the impulse designed, trained and verified you can deploy this model back to your device. This makes the model run without an internet connection, minimizes latency, and runs with minimum power consumption. Edge Impulse can package up the complete impulse - including the signal processing code, neural network weights, and classification code - up in a single C++ library that you can include in your embedded software.
7. Conclusion
Machine learning is a super interesting field: it allows you to build complex systems that learn from past experiences, automatically find patterns in sensor data, and search for anomalies without explicitly programming things out. We think there's a huge opportunity for machine learning on embedded systems. There are huge amounts of sensor data currently collected, but 99% of this data is currently discarded due to cost, bandwidth or power constraints.
Edge Impulse helps you unlock this data. By processing data directly on the device you no longer have to send raw data to the cloud, but can draw conclusions directly where it matters. We can't wait to see what you will build!
Tech Support
Please submit any technical issue into our forum


text:
Seeding rates for monocrop:
10-15 lbs/acre or.5 lbs per 1,000 square feet*
*Please note that White Gold seeds are slightly larger than alfalfa seeds. Drill should be a bit tighter than alfalfa, although the alfalfa or canola setting should be sufficient.
Seeding rates for cover crop cocktail:
3-6 pounds per acre for a cocktail of three or more crops. Mighty Mustard®
is highly competitive, hence the need to reduce the seeding rate. If you want the mustard to play a more dominant role in the blend, increase the seeding rate.
Higher seeding rates yield smaller stems and roots that decompose more quickly when incorporated.
Excels in well-drained soils within a pH range of 5-8
35-40 days, depending on soil temperature and growing-degree days.
Estimated plant height in optimal growing conditions:
- 4 to 6-week growth period: 1 to 2 feet
- 8 to 12-week period: 6 to 7 feet at full bloom
5 to 6 tons per acre
Mustards are sensitive to day length and will flower prematurely during periods of extended daylight, limiting biomass production. For maximum biomass, plant when daylight hours are shorter, such as early spring or late fall. Please note that Mighty Mustard® will winter-kill at sustained temperatures of 26 degrees Fahrenheit or colder.
Please note that White Gold is proven effective in reducing broadleaf weeds, but not grasses.
Mustards have a C:N ratio of 14:1 for above ground biomass. With a low C:N ratio, such as a mustard crop, you could see a surplus of available N in the soil, a benefit we tout for nutrient recycling with the incorporation of a brassica cover crop.
Consider soil test results prior to application. Best to apply pre-plant or at time of seeding with direct seeding system. If soil is N deficient, apply at rates of 50-80 lbs/acre.
Because sulfur is a major element of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, we
recommend maintaining a 6:1 ratio of nitrogen to sulfur to maximize biomass growth and
Nematode suppression protocol:
Mustards are host plants to some nematodes. Follow the termination protocol to maximize biofumigation impact.
**The incorporation process is time-sensitive, so it's crucial to complete all the actions in one day. DON'T leave a trash layer of mustard organic matter on top of the soil.**
- No later than 30-35 days after emergence, chop mustard as finely as possible.
- Immediately incorporate into soil.
- Immediately water and roll soil to activate and seal glucosinolates.
that moisture is key, as the glucosinolates are short-lived, so you need to release them into the soil ASAP to suppress nematodes.
Allow three weeks between time of incorporation and the planting of your next crop.
Always check herbicide plant-back restrictions prior to planting Mighty Mustard®.


text:
|Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute||Home|
The objective of the unit is to enable students to understand and recognize the importance of cultural identity in order to identify who they are. The unit focuses on study of the Hispanic/Latino umbrella group, and its roots: culture, traditions, history, art, and politics. Students will learn the influence of different ethnicities and backgrounds on the development of the Americas. The unit contains direct references to, for example, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
The unit is recommended for Spanish students with at least an intermediate level of fluency (Spanish 3 and 4) since most of it is going to be conducted in Spanish.
(Recommended for Spanish 3 and 4, grades 11-12.)


text:
Iron Fe Evaporation Process Notes
Iron is the most commonly used metal in the world. It is metallic-gray in color, ductile, ferromagnetic, and rusts easily when exposed to oxygen. It has a melting point of 1,535°C, a density of 7.86 g/cc, and a vapor pressure of 10-4 Torr at 1,180°C. Iron is found in a vast array of products including tools, automobiles, and machinery. When alloyed with carbon, steel is created which is an essential component for building construction and automobile manufacturing. Iron also has biological importance as it is responsible for carrying oxygen in blood. It is evaporated under vacuum to form layers in the production of semiconductors, magnetic storage media, and fuel cells, just to name a few.
Iron Fe Specifications
|Material Type||Iron †|
|Color/Appearance||Lustrous, Metallic, Grayish Tinge|
|Thermal Conductivity||80 W/m.K|
|Melting Point (°C)||1,535|
|Coefficient of Thermal Expansion||11.8 x 10-6/K|
|Theoretical Density (g/cc)||7.86|
|Max Power Density|
|Thermal Evaporation Techniques||
|E-Beam Crucible Liner Material||FABMATE®‡|
|Temp. (°C) for Given Vap. Press. (Torr)||
|Comments||Attacks W. Films hard, smooth. Preheat gently to outgas.|
† Magnetic material (requires special sputter source).
* This is a recommendation based on our experience running these materials in KJLC guns. The ratings are based on unbonded targets and are material specific. Bonded targets should be run at lower powers to prevent bonding failures. Bonded targets should be run at 20 Watts/Square Inch or lower, depending on the material.
Empirical Determination of Z-Factor
Unfortunately, Z Factor and Shear Modulus are not readily available for many materials. In this case, the Z-Factor can also be determined empirically using the following method:
- Deposit material until Crystal Life is near 50%, or near the end of life, whichever is sooner.
- Place a new substrate adjacent to the used quartz sensor.
- Set QCM Density to the calibrated value; Tooling to 100%
- Zero thickness
- Deposit approximately 1000 to 5000 A of material on the substrate.
- Use a profilometer or interferometer to measure the actual substrate film thickness.
- Adjust the Z Factor of the instrument until the correct thickness reading is shown.
Another alternative is to change crystals frequently and ignore the error. The graph below shows the % Error in Rate/Thickness from using the wrong Z Factor. For a crystal with 90% life, the error is negligible for even large errors in the programmed versus actual Z Factor.


A No-Fuss Method for Cooking Almost Any Whole Grain
I don't bother with carefully measuring water or fiddling around with getting just the right flame when I cook whole grains on the stove. Instead, I cook pretty much every type of grain using the same no-fuss method — with great results every time.
Basically, I use the same method for cooking whole grains that I use for cooking pasta: I simmer the grains in a good amount of salted water until they are the right texture, and then drain them. Some grains like quinoa benefit from a 10-minute rest in the covered pot after draining, which gives a better texture, but for most of the other grains I use on a regular basis, such as barley, wheat berries, or farro, this isn't necessary.
Brown rice is the only whole grain I don't use this method for, as I prefer the texture when it is cooked in the traditional way, but it can done. In fact, Saveur uses it in their recipe for Perfect Brown Rice.
A couple hints when using this method:
- When cooking quinoa, watch for the point when most of the grains have little spirals (the germ) curling around them. That's when it's done cooking. Drain it, put it back in the pot off the heat and cover it for 10 minutes, then fluff with a fork and serve.
- For all other grains, periodically taste as they cook and drain them once they are cooked through and soft.
- Very hard grains like wheat berries will need 45 minutes or more of simmering, so add water if too much boils off during cooking.
- As with pasta, generously salt the water. You can also add bay leaf, herb sprigs, garlic cloves or other aromatics that can be easily removed once the grains are cooked through.
Have you ever tried this method? How do you cook whole grains?
Related: How To Cook Brown Rice
(Image: Joe Belanger/Shutterstock)


Learn_4) بلوکها و ایجاد مکانیزم با آنها,Blocks
Overview of sketch blocks
In many assembly designs, rigid shapes are repeated. You can use sketch blocks to capture such shapes as a fixed set, and place instances of the set where needed.
You can define nested sketch blocks and place flexible instances of these blocks. These flexible instances retain specified degrees of freedom that allow them to simulate kinematic subassemblies.
Sketch blocks are created in 2D part sketches and can be comprised only of sketch objects. Sketch block definitions are contained in the Blocks folder while sketch block instances reside under the parent sketch. You can control the appearance and format of block definitions and instances.
Use sketch blocks to represent components in your top-down design layout. After you create a sketch block, you can add instances of the block to your layout. This method for adding components in multiple locations in the design is quick and associative. Any changes to the block definition are propagated to all block instances.
دیدگاهتان را بنویسید
نشانی ایمیل شما منتشر نخواهد شد. بخش‌های موردنیاز علامت‌گذاری شده‌اند *


text:
Journal: British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 2005, 30, pp 194-195.
The European food chain is generally considered as one of the safest in the world. Paradoxically, consumers in Europe have little confidence in the safety of their food supply and remain sceptical and distrustful of the institutions and the procedures currently in place. Consumer trust has declined as a result of a series of recent food safety incidents (e.g. BSE, dioxins) and the introduction of genetically modified foods in Europe. SAFE FOODS aims to restore consumer confidence in the food chain through the development of a new integrated risk analysis approach for foods. In this new framework, an efficient interaction between the risk analysis components and integration of societal values will play a central role.


text: This paper is concerned with a slope stability appraisal of the proposed open cut mining operations in the Thar lignite field in Sindh, Pakistan. The Thar coalfield covers an area of approximately 9 000 km2 and is estimated to contain 193 billion tonnes of lignite resources. The design of safe high wall slopes is necessary to ensure mine safety and overall economical viability of the mining operations. In the Thar lignite field, the presence of three main aquifers induces pore pressure in the rock mass surrounding the lignite seams and makes high wall slopes potentially unsafe. It is, therefore, necessary to dewater the rock mass before commencing mining excavations. A proposed mine dewatering scheme to facilitate rock mass dewatering surrounding the mining excavations and a description of the slope stability analysis of the high wall using the software "SLIDE" version 5 is outlined. Three computer models with slope angles of 28o, 29o and 30o, incorporating a plane failure mode, were analyzed to investigate the stability of pit slopes. The generalized stratigraphy of borehole RE-25 has been used for the development of the computer models. The main conclusions of this study are that the slope angle of 28o is quite acceptable for a Stability Factor (SF) ≤ 1.3 whereas the excavated slopes with slope angles ≥ 29o are not safe against the plane failure for SF>1.3. This assessment was followed by a slope stability analysis incorporating circular failure modes. Five models incorporating various slope angles ranging from 23o to 27o and one model incorporating combined slope angles of 23o in dune sand and 26o in the rest of the strata were developed and analysed. The main conclusions from this study are that the dune sand layer (having a thickness of 48 m) is acceptable for a SF of 1.3 at slope angle ≤ 23o, while the rest of the strata is acceptable for SF=1.3 at slope angles ≤ 26o. The overburden to lignite extraction ratio for this slope design has been calculated as 3:1 or 3 m3 of overburden over 1 t of lignite.


text: Book Description: Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a new approach to software development that helps companies manage large, complex software projects and save development costs while allowing new technologies that come along to be readily incorporated. Although it is based on many long-standing industry precepts and best practices, such as UML, it is enough of a departure from traditional IT approaches to require some "proof of the pudding." Real-Life MDA is composed of six case studies of real companies using MDA that will furnish that proof. The authors' approach MDA projects by describing all aspects of the project from the viewpoint of the end-users—from the reason for choosing an MDA approach to the results and benefits. The case studies are preceded by an introductory chapter and are followed by a wrap-up chapter summarizing lessons learned. * Written for executives, analysts, architects, and engineers positioned to influence business-oriented software development at the highest levels.* Filled with concrete examples and analyses of how MDA is relevant for organizations of various sizes.* Considers a range of uses for MDA-from business process analysis to full-scale software modeling and development.* Presents results for each case study in terms of tangible, measured benefits, including automatically generated code, defect reduction, improved visibility, and ROI.


Cross-sections of Beams
The cross section of a beam has a significant effect on how easily the beam will deform. For example, everyday experience tells us that a flat metal ruler will flex much more easily than a piece of metal tubing with walls of the same thickness.
Because it is difficult to use the "shape" of a cross-section directly as a variable in an equation modeling beam behavior, we instead compute two quantities that describe properties of the cross section. These quantities are the centroid and the moment of inertia, and we will incorporate these two quantities into our model.
If you think of a cross section as a two-dimensional figure cut out of stiff cardboard, the centroid is the point at which is will balance on the point of a pin. In many physical settings where the most important properties are mass and position, the actual cardboard cross-section will have the same effects as a point mass located at the centroid. For example, if you are constructing a mobile, it will balance just as well if you attach a cutout of the Botticelli's Birth of Venus to one of the arms at her centroid, or clamp a fishing sinker of equivalent weight there.
Equations modeling physical phenomenon can often be greatly simplified in situations where a cross-section can be treated as a point mass.
Moment of Inertia
In physical systems where objects are moving and accelerating, both the mass of the objects and how the mass is distributed is important. The moment of inertia measures how hard it is to rotate an object around an axis. Again drawing on every day experience, it is much easier to twirl an umbrella around when it is folded than when it is open. The further a mass is from an axis of rotation, the more it will resist rotating.
Similarly, a force applied far from the axis of rotation is much more effective in causing rotation than a force applied close to the axis. Again drawing on common experience, imagine trying to open a heavy door. If you push on the door close to the hinge, then the door will barely budge. It is much easier to move the door if you push far away from the hinge. That is why door knobs are placed far away from the door hinges.
To see how the centroid and moment of inertia of a cross section might effect the way a beam bends, imagine the beam built up out of many thin cross-sectional slices. Bending the beam amounts to slightly tilting and sliding the slices. Part of how resistant a beam is to bending comes from how much each slice resists tilting.
These concepts will be explored in more detail in the sections on Centers of Mass and Centroids and Moments of Inertia.
Return to: Main Ideas.
Last modified: Fri Apr 12 15:45:59 1996


text:
HOME Brain Upgrade Neurotechnology Medical Dictionary Brain Facts How 1 to 10
Brain Upgrade Neurotechnology Medical Dictionary How 1 to 10
How the brain uses association by expanding existing neural networks, including relationships, structures, hierarchies, and categories.
What attributes of memories help longer retention, such as the senses, emotions, situations, categorization, exaggeration and combinations. This could include using vision, sound smell, touch, taste, symbols, movement, location, comedy, absurdity, offensive situations, rude situations, amplification, reduction, ordering and numbering. Which emotions to avoid, such as sadness and anger, and why.
The steps you normally follow when first creating an association, including examples. Covers choosing the key word, choosing target image, linking them together with a primary attribute link, adding secondary links, and testing it out.
Basic rules, such as purity and keeping them simple.
Detailed example that shows how to create an association. Uses polar bears to remind us that functions of oil are engine cooling, shock absorption, protection, cleaning, sealing and lubricating.
The importance of practice while learning how to associate. Association is used by those who win the international memory championships, so with practice you can make use of association in your own learning endeavors.
How everyday use of association helps improve your ability to associate, similar to what one memory author calls the "Self-Enhancing Matrix."
The importance of using your imagination. Younger children seem to do it well? perhaps general pruning of neurons and synapses that occurs as we go through childhood is more to do with our society imposing limits on a child's imagination and creativity, rather than any biological process.
Some general side effects of association including higher creativity and problem solving skills.
HOME Brain Foods Skin Care Neurotechnology Brain Facts How 1 to 10


text:
- Volet de programme : Jeunesse Canada au travail dans les établissements du patrimoine
- Titre de l'emploi : Program Coordinator
- Nom de l'organisme : Teck Centennial Public Library
- Lieu de l'emploi : Kirkland Lake, Ontario
- Durée de l'emploi : 2017-05-02 à 2017-08-26 (17 semaines)
- Salaire horaire : 14,00 $
Teck Centennial Public Library seeks a dynamic, creative and responsible post-secondary student to lead the Children's TD Summer Read Club. Reporting directly to the Library CEO and Children's Clerk, the Program Coordinator will be responsible for planning, implementing a variety of programs for children, youth and families as well as promoting the TD Summer Reading Program. Programs may be delivered at the Library or at various locations out in the community.
Duties and Responsibilities:
-Plans and executes programs for children, youth and families, including, but not limited to, school age children.
-Research ideas for programs, establish themes, and organize materials and supplies.
-Design a performance measurement tool for evaluating the summer reading program.
-Evaluates completed programs and prepares reports as directed.
-Prepares and follows a specific summer program budget.
-Performs other duties as assigne.
The successful applicant should:
-Have completed at least one year of an Early Childhood Education, Bachelor o Education degree or diploma, Child and Youth Worker; or have comparable skills or experience.
-Must plan to return to school in the fall
-Be fluent in the English language; French will be considered an asset.
-Possess excellent and demonstrate organizational skills.
-Be competent with technology and some application software.
-Be able to work effectively and efficiently with minimal supervision.
-Obtain a clear vulnerable sector police check.
-Be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, or have refugee status in Canada.
-Be legally entitled to work in Canada.
-Be between 16 and 30 years of age.
Term of Employment:
Start date: May 2, 2017
End date: August 26, 2017
Hours of work: 30 hours per week; Tuesday to Saturday
Rate of Pay: $14.00/hour + 4% vacation pay.
Qualified candidates are invited to submit their resume (complete with reference and covering letter) in confidence by Saturday, April 15, 2017.
Please apply by mail / e-mail to:
Library CEO, Teck Centennial Public Library
10 Kirkland Street E
Kirkland Lake, ON P2N 1P!
or fax resume to: _PHONE_
We thank all applicants for their interest, however, only those under consideration will be contacted.
WE ARE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Retour à la recherche


text:
When choosing clothing for children, it is important to consider it from many angles.
1. How does it affect their physiological functions, such as respiratory system, circulatory system and digestive system?
Make sure the clothing is not too tight around the waist and does not pinch them around the arm and leg hole. Babies grow fast, they can be a different size from one day to the next, so have several pant sizes ready. When diapering, do not fasten it so tightly around the baby's waist that it blocks the belt channel, as mentioned in Chinese medicine. Let the qi flow.
2. How does it affect the way they move – does a particular piece of clothing make moving possible?
This point is critical. Never EVER put your baby/toddler in jeans or jean jackets. The material is so stiff it makes it impossible for children to move in them.
100% cotton onesies are the best for babies over 2-3 months. Unless they are going out for a special occasion, I recommend you put your baby in a 100% cotton onesie 95% of the time, especially when they are learning to crawl and pull up.
3. What is the climate – do we need to protect their skin from the heat, cold or insects?
I've seen many mothers from Asia bundle up their babies in so many layers the poor little thing cannot move at all!
4. What kind of fiber will we choose? Is it soft? Does it have uncomfortable seams?
Animal fibers, like wool, down and silk, are very warm for young children but much more difficult to care for than vegetable fiber. It is recommended that all clothing that touches the skin be made of vegetable fibers. They require a little extra care because of shrinkage issues but they are very soft, natural and breathable next to a baby's skin. If you are so inclined, green cotton that hasn't been treated is also available. Technological fibers (rayon, polyester, nylon, fleece, acrylic) are very easy to care for – just throw them in the washing machine. But they do not breathe and it is difficult to get odor and stain out of them. For years, parents dressed their children in polyester because it is so easy to care for, but now we know that technological fibers are not good for children. If money is a concern, a good balance would be dressing the child in clothes made of vegetable fibers if the clothing will touch the child's skin whereas outerwear can be made of technological fiber.
5. What color?
Many clothes are dyed with bad stuff, so newborns, especially, should be dressed in white or light colors.
6. What style?
For example, when buying onesies, does it fit the trunk of the baby? Babies with long trunks or short trunks have different needs.
Brooke wears 18-24 month old clothes now (she is 8 months old). The arm hole and leg hole are all a bit big on her, the length of the trunk is just right, so we dress her so this way to ensure she is comfortable all around.
7. How many pieces should I have for each age?
To be discussed later, but with twins, the answer is A LOT.
8. Is it easy to care for?
Ask yourself, will it shrink? Are the buttons well-fastened or will it fall off?
Remember, do not wash baby clothes with adult clothes. Wash them in separate loads. If you are using cloth diapers, wash them separately from baby's clothes. I recommend using a baby detergent, like Drelft, or any detergent that is free of fragrance, dyes, etc. (Seventh Generation, All for sensitive skin)


text:
Intrepid Toddler's Daring Crib Escape Caught on Tape [VIDEO]
It's every parent's worst nightmare: Your toddler would rather go exploring than stay in the safe confines of his crib. So he does. Over and over and over.
One mother found herself in such a situation and couldn't figure out how her child kept escaping. So, she set up a camera in the kids' closet. Sure enough, she captured the child, whose name is Dayne, making a break for it not once, but twice.
Watch the Houdini-in-diapers below.


text: Interpreting large complicated panels with interesting stories requires understanding the basic symbols and symbol combinations that makes up much of the grammar of the picture writing system. Researcher Levan Martineau found his first keys to breaking the code by using locator panels. Locators are smaller panels that either direct passers-by to a hidden or out of the way panel, or identify the location of a hidden waterhole, underground cavern or other important location. The first locator symbols deciphered by Martineau are shown below. (The following chart was adapted from Levan Martineau (1973) The Rocks Begin to Speak, KC Publications).


text:
- Battle Honours: Laleali, Piequet 707, Shingo River Valley and Gutrain.
- Honours & Awards: 1 Param Vir Chakra, 10 Maha Vir Chakras, 34 Vir Chakras, 4 Shaurya Chakras and 56 Sena Medals.
- Comments: India's first Light Infantry was born out of the peoples' response in 1947, to the invasion of Kashmir by Pakistan. In the difficult days of the invasion, the population formed local defence groups. These were later organised into militias responsible for specific sectors, e.g., Leh, Nubra, Jammu, Punch, etc. Over a period, these were grouped into the Militia battalions. Two of these were later converted into the Ladakh Scouts. The militia battalions operated with skill on the Line of Control (LoC), and in the 1971 Indo-Pak War earned three battle honours.
In 1972, the militia battalions were brought on par with the army units, and in 1976 designated the Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry. Since then, battalions of the Light Infantry have served with honour in different parts of the country, in Sri Lanka and as part of the United Nations Force in Somalia. The 8th JAK LI earned great honour by capturing a Pakistani post at 21,000 feet at the Siachen Glacier in 1987. Naib Subedar Bana Singh, 8th JAK LI, earned the Param Vir Chakra for the Regiment in this battle. He is the first and only recipient of the PVC for the Regiment.


One on One Classes
Babies move to one on one lesson's once I have assessed them and think they are ready. Sometimes they may be ready swimming wise but not mentally and will get upset with the separation of not being with mum or dad.
If your child has never been in a baby class generally the age for one on one lessons is from 2 years old.
Our aim is to get them water confident, if they fall into a pool how to get back to the edge, floating etc. Once they grasp this we then move on to them learning the Freestyle stroke (big arms), breathing etc.
When the child is confident enough to swim down the pool with big arms and breathing this is when they are ready to be moved into a group.
Class duration: 10 mins


HOF130: Nguyen Quyen
In 1979, Quyen Nguyen was a 14-year-old teenager accompanied his two older brothers aboard a boat heading north from the central city of Da Nang in Vietnam. The boat managed to outrun the gun-toting Vietnamese coast guards in a four-hour chase. The group lost its direction in the waters around Hainan Island, then got caught in a storm shortly after continuing on its journey. Later, their activities would cause the authorities to suspect them of human smuggling once they arrived in Hong Kong to seek refugee status. Nevertheless, after three months, Nguyen and his brothers were approved for asylum in Canada.
Arriving in Edmonton, Alberta, the three brothers spent the first few weeks adapting to the practices of their new country. They struggled with language barriers, ordering meals from a restaurant menu by pointing at the pictures of the foods they wished to eat. Five weeks after their arrival, the brothers stopped receiving government aid when the eldest found work at a meat packing plant. In time, Nguyen was offered the opportunity to pursue his secondary and post-secondary studies. He was determined to work as hard as possible to complete his education. He would credit that drive and the skills he learned in various leadership roles at the newfound Vietnamese association. His hard work accorded him an executive role at a major utility company.


text:
Chinese Text Initiative
University of Virginia Library
George Mason University
The Chinese Text Initiative (CTI) is an ongoing effort to make texts of the classical Chinese literary canon widely available. CTI is actually a collection of sites, each centered upon a specific text—most of which are from the Tang period (618-907) and earlier. At present, only six texts are available; however, the editors plan to add additional works. Although most of the present sites are primarily aimed at students of the Chinese language or specialists in Chinese literature, four of the texts are accompanied by partial or complete English translations and may be of interest to world history teachers.
The first is 300 Tang Poems (Tang shi sanbai shou, 1763), an 18th-century anthology of Tang poems by Sun Zhu. Sun intended his anthology to be used as a literary primer that would simultaneously serve the didactic purpose of cultivating character. Containing representative works in all the classical poetic forms and well-known works by prominent Tang poets, this collection has remained popular and in print to this day. Especially useful for specialists and nonspecialists is the fully functional search engine that allows one to search the entire text (which is completely bilingual) by poetic genre, author, title, or keyword. Instructors in world history might use this text to explore the flourishing of Chinese civilization during the Tang period when the Chinese empire expanded into Central Asia. Poetic themes of cosmopolitanism and warfare on the frontiers might also be explored.
A second text that world history teachers may find useful is the Yu Xuan Ji (Complete Poems of Yu Xuanji). (This is an online version of David Young and Jian I. Lin, The Clouds Float North: The Complete Poems of Yu Xuanji [bilingual edition], 1998.) This collection consists of the 49 poems of a young poetess named Yu Xuanji (844-871) and provides a window into the life of a woman during the late Tang period. Teachers might use this text to dispel, or at least complicate, the common perception that women in traditional China were victims of an oppressive patriarchy that denied them education, physical and social mobility, or positive identities as gifted philosophers, poets, and artists. Unlike the 300 Tang Poems, there is no search engine for this site.
The other texts in English are the Book of Odes (Shijing) and Ancient Ballads and Proverbs (Gu Yao Yan, ca. mid-1800s). The first is fully bilingual and consists of 311 poems dating from the Zhou Dynasty (1027-771 BCE) to the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BCE). It is divided into four sections: (1) poems or folk songs from ordinary people; (2) poems or songs concerning life of the nobility; (3) poems or songs in praise of rulers; and (4) hymns written for religious ceremonies of the court. The second text consists of ballads and proverbs dating from the ancient period (as early as 17th century BCE) to the Ming period (_PHONE_). Only 34 of the 100 chapters have been translated into English. Unfortunately, neither text is currently searchable.
In general, all of these sites may be used to explore with students the place and use of poetry in Chinese society at different periods in time. Why was poetry deemed important? How does this compare to the poetic traditions of other civilizations? What can literary sources tell us about historical developments, popular sentiments, or the lives of women?


How to set the ARP cache timeout in Juniper Firewalls
If you want to set the ARP cache timeout in Screen OS Firewalls use the following procedure
Procedure to follow
First you need to login in to your juniper firewall with SSH once you logged in run the following command
get config | inc arp
If the output generates nothing, then the ARP age is set to the default value of 20 minutes. To set this timeout value, use the set arp age command, along with the number of seconds. For example, the following command will set the ARP cache timeout to 120 seconds:
set arp age 120
Make sure to save this change by using the save command; else it will be reverted, when the firewall is rebooted.
Sponsored Link
Leave a comment


Robotic Boats to the Rescue
Imagine sailing a container ship to help with cleanup at the site of a massive oil spill. Now imagine if each container were actually an autonomous robotic boat. Dumped into the ocean, the boats could link up to form an ad-hoc platform for landing a helicopter or operating a crane.
That's the aim of DARPA's Tactically Expandable Maritime Platform, and Engineering professors Vijay Kumar and Mark Yim are leading a Penn team working on the early stages of the project.
Learn More
Video by Kurtis Sensenig, Office of University Communications


You are in: World: Africa
Front Page
Middle East
South Asia
From Our Own Correspondent
Letter From America
UK Politics
Talking Point
In Depth
Commonwealth Games 2002
BBC Sport
BBC Weather
Tuesday, 9 April, 2002, 11:25 GMT 12:25 UK
Rape - silent war on SA women
South African protest against violence on women
South Africans are mobilising against sexual violence
test hello test
By the BBC's Carolyn Dempster
Rape is endemic in South Africa.
On this the police, politicians, sociologists and rape survivors all agree. There is a silent war going on, a war against women and children.
It is a fact that a woman born in South Africa has a greater chance of being raped, than learning how to read.
One in four girls faces the prospect of being raped before the age of 16 according to the child support group, Childline.
Campaigner Charlene Smith
Charlene Smith, rape survivor and campaigner
Believes solution to combating sexual violence lies in:
 - the way mothers bring up sons
 - greater community responsibility for members' actions
 - better policing
 - harsher sentences
 - reform of criminal justice system
 - Sexual violence pervades society, with one of the highest reported rates of rape in the world, and an alarmingly high incidence of domestic violence and child abuse.
 The official crime statistics tell only part of the story.
 In 1994, the year South Africa became a democracy, 18,801 cases of rape were reported. By 2001 that figure had risen to 24,892.
 During a recent parliamentary debate on child abuse in South Africa, it was reported that there has been a 400% increase in the sexual violence against children over the past decade.
 Baby rape
 The majority of the victims are 12 years old or younger. Many of the perpetrators are themselves children.
 "Baby Tshepang" was just 9 months old when she was brutally raped in the Northern Cape town of Louisvale in the early hours of 27 October, 2001.
 Baby rape is not a new phenomenon in South African society, but it is becoming more common.
 One possible reason, say Aids activists, is the myth, widespread in southern Africa, that sex with a child or baby will rid a man of HIV or Aids.
 Rapists don't think they are doing anything wrong.
 Dr Rachel Jewkes
 South Africa already has more than 4.5 million people living with HIV, more than any other country in the world.
 As the HIV pandemic becomes an Aids pandemic, rape can also be a death sentence.
 So why is it so bad?
 At the root of the problem, says Dr Rachel Jewkes, a senior scientist with the South African Medical Research Council, is men's attitude towards women.
 "In South Africa you have a culture where men believe that they are sexually entitled to women. You don't get rape in a situation where you don't have massive gender inequalities.
 One of the key problems in this country is that people who commit rape don't think they are doing anything wrong."
 'Can't say no'
 Her findings are borne out by the experience of Rose Tamae, a survivor of gang rape, who is HIV positive, and counsels abused women and children in the sprawling township of Orange Farm which lies across the highway from Soweto, west of Johannesburg.
 Mother and child with Aids
 With the Aids pandemic, rape can be a death sentence
 "In our culture, as a woman, you don't say no to a man. Sex is not open for discussion," she says.
 "So they think they can do as they like.
 "In a place like Orange Farm, where most people are unemployed, and the women have to go looking for work far away, often the children are left at home in the care of men, or strangers.
 "They are vulnerable. In one case a little girl was being given food in return for sex, and she didn't want to go home empty-handed to her mother, who had Aids and was sick. "
 Apartheid legacy
 A "culture of violence" has also been a dominant feature of South African society for decades, say sociologists, and it has spawned attitudes which are tolerant of sexual violence.
 South Africa's Deputy President Jacob Zuma blames apartheid for "sowing the seeds for the breakdown of the institution of the family."
 He believes that the molestation of children and infants today is a symptom of this degeneration.
 Deputy President Jacob Zuma
 Zuma blames apartheid for family breakdown
 Apartheid HAS left a damaged society in its wake, but the criminal justice system is also failing women and children in South Africa.
 Out of the 24,892 rapes reported last year, only 1,797 resulted in successful convictions.
 To its credit the government, and South African society, is responding to the scourge.
 The justice system has prioritised sexual offences with a review of the law and stiffer sentences.
 Police officers are being trained to care for rape survivors.
 Many private hospitals now offer specialized rape care and counselling, and insurance companies have introduced policies for rape survivors to enable them to afford expensive anti-retroviral drug treatment to reduce the risk of contracting HIV and Aids.
 See also:
 13 Oct 99 | Africa
 Fighting back against rape
 25 Jan 02 | Africa
 SA teachers 'raping pupils'
 Internet links:
 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
 E-mail this story to a friend
 Links to more Africa stories


best short story for kids
This is the best short story for kids. It will teach you how a belief can do impossible things possible. Let's begin the journey of stories with me.
Once upon a time, there was a saint who lived on another side of the river. A small family also lived in that village but another side from saint.
One of the family members used to go to another side of the river for giving milk to a saint on daily basis. The saint every time prayed to God to fulfill his wish. His wish was to walk on River and for this, he prayed to god for many years.
One day there was no elder in the house who could go to the saint's house. So, Mother sent her daughter to the saint's house. When the small girl reached the saint's house then the girl told the saint that she could not come the next day due to bad weather.
The saint gave a sentence to the small girl and told her that chanting this sentence while passing the river, helped her to walk on the river.
The small girl came back to her home and all conversion shared her mother. The mother told her daughter that there would a risk of trying this sentence and might be it would not work.
But the girl had trust in the saint and his sentence that she would walk on the river by chant the sentence.
The next day, the small girl went to the saint's house by walking on the river. When she reached the saint's house then the saint surprised that his sentence is working and god accepted his wish.
After that, the small girl went back to her home and the saint thought to walk on the river too.
When the saint tried to walk on the river but he couldn't walk on the river and sink in the water. Now, you all are thinking that how a girl walks on the river by saint's sentence and why the saint's himself sink.
The Reason is Girl had a belief in Saint that she definitely achieved the goal. But the saint was not fully trusted in his sentence so he sank.
Moral of the Story: If you want to succeed in your life then must be confident that you definitely achieve your goal in your life 100%.
Read More Interesting Stories With Us.
Spread the love
Similar Posts
Leave a Reply


Richmond Landmarks
Main St. Station Richmond
Main Street Station
Richmond skyline
James River
Richmond Capitol Building
Richmond Capitol Building
US-China Peoples Friendship Association
Richmond VA Chapter
Developing and building lasting friendships based on mutual understanding through educational, cultural, technical, and commercial exchanges between the people of China and the United States
China, with nearly one quarter of the world's population, has emerged as a nation that plays a significant role in world affairs.
With the realization of full diplomatic relations between the governments of the U.S. and China in 1979, opportunities for the American and Chinese people to learn from each other have increased significantly. Cultural, scientific, educational, medical, and technological exchanges, which are of great value to both countries, are expanding rapidly. The US-China Peoples Friendship Association initiates and participates actively in these exchanges.
Exchanges and programs organized by USCPFA are helping to build a bridge of friendship between our countries. This bridge, based on personal knowledge of the two countries, can play an important role in maintaining world peace.
Richmond with bridge and river
Richmond's famous Railroad Bridge


Archive for Thursday, September 7, 2006
New Testament study group forming
September 7, 2006
Last Spring, Ulysses Castillo made a challenge to those attending Eudora United Methodist Church's "The Bible From Scratch: The Old Testament for Beginners."
The challenge wasn't spoken, but it cut to the core of the group he hosted with Marcia Bagby. He maintained normal people could understand the Bible, even if it was written for a first century culture.
"We were looking for something that was relatively short. Sometimes Bible studies get too long," Castillo said. "You want something that could be done in six to seven weeks and something that someone with virtually no familiarity with the Bible could do."
Castillo and Bagby led the group based on the book "The Bible From Scratch" by Donald Griggs.
In it, Griggs tried to translate the cultural significance of biblical stories and make them accessible to the public at large.
Castillo and Bagby brought the book to a group setting last spring, and are now preparing to do the same thing for a new set of stories.
The duo will host "The Bible From Scratch: The New Testament for Beginners" at 6:30 p.m. Mondays at the home of Marcia Bagby, 1618 Sycamore St., Eudora.
Other classes sessions will be Sept. 18, Oct. 2, 9, 16 and 30 and Nov. 6.
"The hardest part is understanding the first century culture, because we tend to read the stories within our own culture," Castillo said. "We hear words and phrases that don't make sense to us, but if we can somehow help people with how a first century person might hear this story, then it just brings a better understanding."
The sessions will cover the major gospels and look closely at stories people might have heard elsewhere ---- like Christ's sermon on the mount, Castillo said.
"Some of these stories people have surely heard in movies and culture ---- we talk about those," Castillo said. "We also kind of help new people learn how to navigate through the Bible and use Bible dictionaries and use concordance."
While studying the Old Testament last spring, Castillo tried to get people to come up with a modern day equivalent to the ancient Hebrew prophets to illustrate how people at that time would have understood it.
First he banished the view that the prophets in the Old Testament were seers or fortunetellers, Castillo said.
"Really that's not how the prophets worked in the Old Testament. They were really doing something called 'forthtelling,' which is to tell the people the reality of a situation right then," Castillo said. "They were less interested in what was going to happen in the future as they were in trying to help people understand the current situation."
To fit that mold, the group came up with Jimmy Carter.
"One of the things we talked about was that the prophets tried to imagine a world that is different from the one we're in, so it's usually counter cultural ---- so we came up with Jimmy Carter as the great prophet of our time."
In discussion, the group cited Carter's work with Habitat for Humanity, Castillo said.
"He imagined a world where everyone has a home," Castillo said.
The group hovered around 10 people for the spring session and half of those will be back to learn about the New Testament, Castillo said.
Karen Rush ---- a secretary for Eudora United Methodist Church ---- took part in the class last spring.
"It made me look at the prophets and some of the people that had come before in a more human light," Rush said. "It made me realize that they are actual living people battling with the same things we battle with."
Commenting has been disabled for this item.


text:
Visit to Blood Bank and Pathology Department
An educational visit to Blood Bank and Pathology Department was organized for students of B. Tech Biotechnology (VIIth semester), School of Engineering and Technology, on 17th September 2019, at Jaipur National Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
The objective of the visit was to make students understand the requirement of blood donation, the complete process of donating blood, medical examinations (e.g., body weight, Blood typing analysis, Hb count etc.,) carried out before donating blood, initial processing of blood sample in a centrifuge for different applications and the process of blood preservation at different temperatures. Application of different "immunological kits (ELISA test for virus, Malaria test etc.,)" and machines (Platelet shaker, Lisa Wash etc.,) for the analysis of common bacterial or viral diseases was explained to students. Students also visited the Grossing Room where specific human organs were preserved in formaldehyde for further diagnostic or microscopic examination. Further, Histology and Cytopathology lab were also visited where students learnt about the H&E staining and tissue processing through and Microtome and Cryostat respectively.View All Events


The history
Aretai is derived from the ancient Greek word αρετη. It is a word that is used in the writings of the great Greek philosophers, like Plato and Aristotle. For these philosophers, aretai is the highest virtue a man could possibly try to achieve. In English, aretai could best be described with the word "excellence". It is this strive for excellence that characterises the company Aretai.
The universe doesn't allow perfection. — Stephen Hawking


Business Category Business: career motivation and tips to move ahead
Skills required of security guard jobs
A security job is a job that requires many more skills than is apparent from watching a security guard man a desk.
As a security guard, you will use your skills to prevent situations from occurring. If one does occur, you'll soon find yourself using an even broader array of physical and mental skills as you deal with trespassing and other irregularities.
Communication Skills
Security guards must be able to communicate with others in a clear and concise manner both verbally and in writing. You will use verbal skills in many situations.
You will likely use a two-way radio to communicate with other guards and need to communicate in a professional manner. It is also necessary to be able to tell trespassers to leave the property without escalating the situation.
Some security positions require that the phones be answered, which requires good phone skills. According to the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, security guards "also may interview witnesses or victims, prepare case reports, and testify in court."
Written skills will be used daily. At the end of the work shift, many security guards are required to log the activity during that shift.
This information needs to be written clearly, as guards on the next shift will need to be able to read it in order to keep up to date.
You'll also need to write reports concerning any incidents that have occurred on your shift. These reports will be seen by your supervisor and, as with any irregular situation, could be subpoenaed as court documents.
As with any job, you'll need to be able to communicate effectively with your supervisor and coworkers.
Observational Skills
You'll need to be able to spot any irregularities around the property, such as unlocked windows or unauthorised persons. You also may be required to catch out-of-the-ordinary events on closed-circuit TV cameras.
Physical Skills
Many security jobs require making rounds of a property on a continual basis or standing guard at a particular station. You'll need to be able to stand and/or walk for long periods of time. Should a trespasser need to be apprehended or physically removed from the property, you'll need to have the strength to do so.
The job may also require the carrying and potential use of a firearm, which will require excellent fine motor skills and eyesight.
Technical Skills
You'll most likely be using a two-way radio, and may be required to use a computer to enter your daily logs.
Your position may also require the use of a photocopier. If firearms are carried, you'll have to prove your ability to use them effectively by passing a firearms training course prior to your employment.


text:
Few weapons have been so closely associated with the martial arts than the nunchaku, westernized as nun-chucks, or simply chucks. They were first popularized in the west by Bruce Lee in his widely popular 1973 movie, Enter the Dragon.
Nunchaku originated in Okinawa. Some believe it was used by to harvest rice. A farmer would be in his boat and swing the nunchaku in a long arcing motion to gather as much rice as possible. Grabbing the nunchaku on its return, the farmer would pull into the boat all the crop that was encircled by the nunchaku. A second theory says that the nunchaku was derived from the Chinese three sectional staff. This weapon proved too large for easy concealment by the Okinawans so they modified it, downsized it, and eliminated one section of the staff. Another theory has it being used as a horse bit (the original cord was made from woven horsehair).
Some versions have two rods of equal length, some had one rod longer than the other where the long rod was held with both hands so the small rod could be strike powerfully against a shield. The long rod prevented the short rod from bouncing back against the user. The Chinese had similar weapons, the shuang-chin-kun, which had two rods connected with metal fitting, and the san-chin-kun, the three-sectioned staff. Another variation of this nunchaku has one normal stick, and the other side composed of two shorter sticks to makes it harder for the opponent to block an attack and easier to loop another weapon or attack. Another variation is made of four sticks (long piece-short piece-rope/chain-short piece-long piece).


text:
In a time of ecological, social and financial crisis, trust in managers is very low. Management education in general is being scrutinized for its impact on society and business schools have been described as'silent partners in corporate crime.' This book outlines how business schools can get out of the line of fire by presenting the cornerstones of a humanistic business education. As with any cure, it starts with an in-depth analysis of the root causes and then with a humanistic management education model details more promising ways forward. It outlines the implications of this next generation management education model for the administration of business schools as well as their core tasks of research and teaching.
- Publication Date:
- 09 / 08 / 2011


text:
(Un) Certain Exploration Facts From Figures
CIM Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 781, 1977
J. Boldy, Chief Geologist, Gulf Minerals Canada Limited, Toronto, Ontario, At time of writing — Exploration Advisor, Minerals Division, Shell Canada Limited, Toronto, Ontario
This paper is an attempt to place Canadian Precambrian volcanogenic deposits in perspective, by examining and compiling data regarding certain neglected fundamentals of size, grade, value, frequency distribution and spatial density. The discovery roles played by various exploration methods are compared and contrasted, and, using empirical methods, the probabilities of discovery are discussed, combined with the use of an effective 'cost-per-target' program. From these basic observations, realistic exploration judgments may be made. Using similar methodology, this format may be applied to other types of deposits.
Precambrian volcanogenic deposits occur in a natural geometric progression in size. They number 110, of which 70% are pre-producers, producers or past-producers. These deposits are bonanzas and generally have a 'net pre-smelter" value of between $43 and $62 per ton. The statistically typical deposit is that which occupies the modal position, has 400,000 tons of ore, a value of $20 million and occurs with a frequency of 40%. A median deposit has 1.4 million tons of ore, a value of $70 million and occurs with a frequency of 15%. An upper-decile deposit has 13.3 million tons of ore, a value of $750 million and occurs with a frequency of 6.5%. The major, mid-upper-decile deposits have a minimum of 50 million tons of ore, a value of $3 billion and occur with a frequency of 4%. Five major volcanogenic deposits occur in the Precambrian and account for 54% of production. This contrasts with 55 deposits (all below the median) which account for 3.9% of production.
The deposits tend to occur in clusters, and well-developed, prolific districts, such as Noranda, have a density of 1 deposit per S3 square miles. This contrasts with the newer Sturgeon Lake district, which has a density of 1 deposit per 125 square miles. Relatively 'low-risk' opportunities occur in areas of high density and offer a better chance for discovery of modal or median-type deposits. On the other hand, 'high-risk' opportunities occur in areas with a low density, and these areas are more likely to yield a deposit in the upper-decile range.
During the past 20 years, AEM surveys have discovered 17% of the deposits, which contain 41% of the total tonnage. In contrast, 75 years of prospecting have discovered 44% of the deposits, which contain 48% of the total tonnage. Modal, median and upper-decile AEM discoveries tend to be between 3 and 4 times larger than similar discoveries made by other methods.
Empirically, realistic odds for discovery occur in the range between 100:1 and 500:1. This is substantiated by the results of several successful exploration companies. Due to the role played by random chance, there is no control over the ultimate size and value of the discovery. However, an effective 'cost-per-target' program will insure that funds are available to test a sufficient number of meaningful targets over an (un) certain period of time. This has been shown to be the case with an outlay of between $500,000 and $15 million, extending up to 10 years in some instances.
Mineral exploration, Exploration techniques, Precambrian deposits, Volcanogenic deposits, Discovery rates, Frequency distribution, Electromagnetic exploration, Copper, Zinc, Data analysis.


text:
Functional Muscle FunctionDecember 19, 2011
Functional Muscle Function
by Andrew Gorecki, DPT
One of the most important concepts that makes Superior Physical Therapy unique is the understanding of how muscles actually function. Now this may sound like an arrogant statement but let me explain. Most health and fitness professionals have learned some degree of anatomy and have knowledge of muscle origins and insertions, textbook muscle function, and exercises to increase muscle mass and strength. Functional muscle function is the understanding of biomechanics, human function, and proprioception (neuromuscular control and feedback of muscles and joints-movement memory some may say). There are a few basic rules that dictate the understanding of how muscles function during function. First of all the functional movement must be identified. Forexample running is different than throwing a baseball and muscles function differently during these movements. Second, muscles function in three planes of motion always. There may be a dominant plane of motion but there are always three sagittal ( front to back), frontal (side to side), and transverse(rotational) planes of motion. Thirdly never forget about gravity and ground reaction forces as these play an integral role in the function of muscles.
Now lets talk specifically about functional muscle function. One of the easiest topics to discuss is walking as most people understand walking is a very important function. Even more specifically lets discuss the function of the hamstrings during walking. Our textbooks have taught us over the years (decades) that the hamstrings flex the knee joint. This is to some extent true because I can stand here right now at my standing work station writing this blog and lift my foot off the ground and begin to flex my knee and feel my hamstring activating. Now thinking about what happens when walking using the basic principles of function I realize that gravity actually flexes my knee. In fact my quadriceps are activated a majority of the time in order to not flex my knee so that I don't fall onto the ground. I also know that flexion is a sagittal plane of motion movement and even if true there are three more planes of motion to think about. Now I will tell you that the hamstrings do not flex the knee during walking. The functional muscle function of the hamstrings in the sagittal plane is to decelerate or slow down the pelvis and trunk when the foot hits the ground as we take a step. The hamstrings in the frontal plane decelerate the pelvis while it moves laterally as the foot hits the ground. Finally the hamstrings decelerate lower extremity internal rotation when the foot hits the ground and eccentrically create lower extremity external rotation as the body moves over the foot on the ground and heel off begins and we take another step.
Nowhere in that sequence did the hamstrings flex the knee. In fact the hamstrings as they decelerate the pelvis and trunk flexion actually extend the knee in the sagittal plane during walking by building up tension eccentrically. So the question of the day is why do we train our hamstrings to flex the knee?? Think about it. We have seated knee flexion machines, or we have people lay on their backs with their feet on a ball and tell them to flex the knees. This doesn't make sense. We are training the brain proprioceptively the wrong function of the hamstrings. Proprioceptors are responsible for letting the brain know where the body is in space and what movements are safe and which ones to avoid. Therefore if we train the proprioceptors incorrectly we are setting the person up for injury and poor movement patterns. Lets think about the purpose of our exercises and develop exercises that look like the activity we are trying to get the person to improve.
Just some food for thought today…..
Andrew Gorecki, DPTThis entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink. ← Calcaneal Eversion: The Switch Proprioception-Mind Body Connection →