text:
A bog is a type of wetland with a high water table, acidic soil and is nutrient poor. Camosun Bog is the oldest bog in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, and remained undisturbed until development of the surrounding residential neighborhood caused changes to its groundwater conditions, threatening its current persistence. The goal of this study is to provide an updated examination of Camosun Bog's groundwater conditions and to discuss relevant bog restoration measures. Groundwater elevation and chemistry (pH, conductivity, nitrogen and phosphorus) were monitored for several months in 2019. Results indicate that current groundwater elevations are lower in Camosun Bog than they were thirty years ago, especially in the north and northeast regions. Locations in the north and center parts of the open bog experienced groundwater nitrogen enrichment and higher pH, indicating that raising the water table should be the main goal of restoration for Camosun Bog.
Coastal wetlands are naturally resilient to changing sea levels; however, as rates of sea-level rise increase, the interaction between changing sea-level and ongoing human impacts will be a major driver in future coastal tidal marsh stability. My goal is to provide decision makers with recommendations to increase the resilience of the Fraser River delta front tidal marsh communities over the twenty-first century. I conducted a literature review to (1) examine the current knowledge base regarding effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes and (2) identify current ecosystem-based adaptation strategies for increasing tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise. Based on this review, recommendations are made for strategies that could be used to increase tidal marsh resilience in the Fraser River delta. Recommendations include (1) initiating delta-wide marsh accretion modeling to assess tidal marsh vulnerability under possible sea-level rise scenarios and (2) implementing sediment augmentation pilot projects for both direct (e.g., layered sediment lifts) and indirect (e.g., mud motor) sediment augmentation strategies to test ecosystem based adaptive management strategies as part of an adaptive management framework.
Bioremediation has gained traction for its sustainable principles. Although, advancements in effectiveness are still needed to enable widespread application. This research has two major components. First, priming fungi could prove to be a useful tool to increase efficiency of white-rot fungi when used to bioremediate petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soil. This study evaluated T. versicolor colonized in two substrates to test this theory. TPH was extracted from the soils using hexane shaking method, and measured on a CG-MS. The study results were not conclusive, and more research should be conducted to determine if priming white-rot fungi can increase the effectiveness of degradation of TPH in contaminated soils. Second, historical and unethical oil production in Ecuador has left an environmental and human health disaster. The goal of this study was to produce a high-level bioremediation plan that can be used and amended for site specific applications in Ecuador.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to prove that:
(uv)R = vRuR
where R is the reversal of a String defined recursively as:
aR = a
(wa)R = awR
I think I have the base case right, but I am having trouble with the inductive step and final proof.
here is what I have:
Base Step
prove for n = 1 where |uv| = 1
(uv)R = uReR = uR = u (where e is the empty string)
I dont really know where to go from here, any help would be great.
share|improve this question
Instead of doing induction over the entire $|uv|$, let the induction variable be just $|v|$ and keep the $u$ constant-but-arbitrary throughout the induction proof. (Also, since $u$ can be empty, the base case should probably be $|u|=0$ rather than $|u|=1$). – Henning Makholm Sep 3 '11 at 22:01
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I agree with Henning that your induction should be on $|v|$. Note in the case $|v| = 1$, you're done by definition. It's probably also worth mentioning something about the empty string for completeness.
Let me demonstrate how I would prove this for $|v| = 3$ supposing we knew this were true for when $|v| = 2$. This should illustrate how you should prove $|v| = n$ from assuming $|v| = n - 1$ is valid.
Let $v = v_1v_2v_3$ be a string of length 3. Assume the claim is true for strings of length 2. Then $(uv)^R = (uv_1v_2v_3)^R$. By the recursive definition, $(uv_1v_2v_3)^R = v_3(uv_1v_2)^R$. Note $v_1v_2$ is a string of length 2, so we have $v_3(uv_1v_2)^R = v_3(v_1v_2)^Ru^R$. But by definition, $v_3(v_1v_2)^Ru^R = v_3v_2v_1u^R = (v_1v_2v_3)^Ru^R$.
In almost all inductive proofs, it helps to prove a few small cases by using even smaller cases. If you're still having trouble, try proving this for $|v| = 4$ by using the same ideas as above.
share|improve this answer
thanks, this cleared up a lot for me. – Hunter McMillen Sep 3 '11 at 23:08
add comment
Your Answer


text:
- Historic Sites
The modest brick home was commandeered to be used as the Federal Command Post while the Carter family, and two neighboring families, took refuge in the basement. At 4 PM on November 30, 1864, General John Bell Hood gave the order for the Confederate Army of Tennessee CSA to attack the breastworks held by the Federal troops in Franklin. The battle that ensued is now called "the Gettysburg of the West". The 1,000 bullet holes that today remain in the side of the house testify to the ferocity of the fighting. Indeed, the Carter house is the most bullet-damaged building that remains standing from the entire Civil War. This Registered National Historic Landmark is now open to the public and serves as a memorial to the Carter Family and to the countless heroes in the Battle of Franklin. Visitors tour the house with a guide who explains the rich history of this tragic site.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Why is Brazil a useful model in demographics?
Brazil's transition from the demographic transition model's stage 3 to stage 4 was fast paced and lacked government intervention.
By Pete Bailey
This post was originally published on the PopEd blog, see the original post here>>
Over the past fifty years, Brazil has seen fertility rates drop from an average of six children/woman to less than two according to data from the World Bank. This is a more rapid decrease in total fertility rate than any other country in Latin America during that time. Brazil is currently in stage 4 of the demographic transition model (DTM) along with Argentina, the United States and much of Europe, however the country stands out due to the fast pace and lack of government intervention during its transition.
In this post we'll explore how high rates of urbanization, higher education levels for women, and access to affordable contraception have decreased Brazil's fertility rate and pushed it from the DTM's stage 3 into DTM stage 4.
Economic Factors
Brazil's economy began to take off in the late 20th century. The abundance of natural resources, mostly comprising of mineral deposits, led to increased industrialization over the past fifty years. Brazil is now the second largest economy in the Americas behind the United States, largely due to its industry sector. As Brazil's economy moved from agriculture to industry, internal migration to urban areas increased rapidly. Brazil's urbanization rose at an astounding rate of 4.5% annually between 1940 and 1970. Most of the migration to urban areas derived from the rural poor seeking employment and better pay outside of agrarian lifestyles. Brazil is now home to two of the largest megacities in the world – Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo with populations of 13.3 million and 21.7 million respectively.
As people moved into Brazil's cities, the cost of living soared. This larger urban population resulted in an increased demand for land and housing. As such, Brazilians in urban areas paid much higher costs for the same amount of square footage of that in rural areas. Couple the increased cost of housing with higher price tags on most other day-to-day necessities when purchased in cities, and many families decided to have fewer children. These individual decisions, when multiplied across the region, resulted in a lower population over time – a pattern often seen during urbanization.
Sao Paulo Brazil at night
Sao Paulo by LWYang, CC BY 2.0
Women's Education and Employment
Brazil saw a dramatic shift in the role women play in society during the latter part of the 20th century. As societal norms changed, more women had access to higher education. This, combined with the burgeoning economy, led to an increase of women entering the workforce. Today, Brazilian women have a higher literacy rate (92.3%) than men (91.7%) and over 54% of the workforce is female. Women's access to education is one of the largest factors in lowering the fertility rate. Brazil is an important model in women's education, showing that improved access to schooling leads to more employment opportunities, a higher standard of living, and a natural reduction in overall population.
Social Factors
Brazilian telenovela Malhação promotional poster
Malhação poster (imdb.com)
Despite the strong Catholic influence in Brazil that might suggest otherwise, 79.4% of sexually active women use some form of modern contraception. Birth control pills, condoms, and other contraceptives are widely available and allow women more autonomy in their family planning decisions – they can better control the number of children they have and when they have them.
Another notable social factor that has led to a lower fertility rate is the influence of soap operas. Brazil's popular telenovelas often feature wealthy women living lives of luxury in large cities with small families. These types of characters demonstrate Brazil's cultural transformation over the past few decades, and promote this attractive lifestyle to millions of families across the country. According to a report prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank, fertility rates fell more quickly in areas receiving the TV Globo signal, resulting in 0.6% fewer children than areas that did not receive a signal.
Lack of Government Intervention
Brazil is not the only country that follows the traditional progression through the DTM, but it is a unique model because of how quickly, and naturally, the demographics shifted. The decrease in fertility rate is not a result of government intervention, but an effect of higher education levels for women, increased rates of urbanization, and access to affordable contraception.
The author – Pete Bailey – is the Professional Development Coordinator of Population Education, the education program focused on human population growth.
Print Friendly, PDF & Email
One thought on "Why is Brazil a useful model in demographics?
 1. I study demographic processes and trends in different countries of the world. Thank you, your article is very professional and interesting. Great job!
Leave a Reply


text:
Jan. 31, 2008 Drugs derived from cinchona bark, known as cinchona alkaloids, have been used in healing from ancient times. The most prominent representative of this group is quinine, a bitter substance contained in beverages such as tonic water and used in modern medicine to combat malaria. As early as 1945, Robert Burns Woodward and William von Eggers Doering (Harvard University) described how to synthesize quinine in the laboratory.
The last step of this "formal" total synthesis, a three-step reaction procedure previously described by Paul Rabe and Karl Kindler in 1918, has continued to be the subject of much controversy to this day. Aaron C. Smith and Robert M. Williams at Colorado State University (USA) have now successfully reproduced the Rabe–Kindler protocol. As described in an Angewandte Chemie article dedicated to Doering on his 90th birthday, they repeated the entire procedure without employing any modern methods.
Had they done it or not? That has been the question for decades. Woodward and Doering published the synthesis of d-quinotoxine in 1944. Based on the conversion of d-quinotoxine into quinine described by Rabe and Kindler in 1918, they claimed to have derived the total synthesis of quinine, though they had not actually completed this last step themselves before publishing. Their "formal" total synthesis was strongly challenged and was even dismissed as a "myth" by Gilbert Stork (Columbia University) in 2001.
"Quinine and the cinchona bark alkaloids play an important role in modern medicine. It is thus amazing that no attempts to reproduce the Rabe–Kindler conversion of quinotoxine into quinine have been published," marvels Williams. Smith and Williams reviewed the old publications, researched further references, and set themselves the task of repeating the procedure outlined by Rabe and Kindler—and with techniques available at the time. Initially, the yield of quinine they obtained was far too low.
The key turned out to be the aluminum powder used as a reducing agent in the last step. It must not be too fresh, instead it must be exposed to air for a while first to produce a small amount of aluminum oxide. This results in yields of quinine in agreement with those in the old publications.
"Analytically pure quinine can be isolated from this reaction by the selective crystallization of the corresponding tartrate salt, just as described by Rabe in 1939," says Williams. "We have thus corroborated Rabe and Kindler's 1918 publication. Woodward and Doering could theoretically also have followed this procedure in 1944."
Journal article: Rabe Rest in Peace: Confirmation of the Rabe-Kindler Conversion of d-Quinotoxine to Quinine: Experimental Affirmation of the Woodward-Doering Formal Total Synthesis of Quinine. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, doi: 10.1002/anie.200705421
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
It seems that if an instance is scaled via its properties dialog, the scaling factor does not get correctly accounted for in the area calculation tool(s). A simple example is creating a 10x10 box and making it into a cell, 'test', the computed layer area function returns 100. If the cell 'test' is then scaled by 2 in the properties dialog, when the layer area is checked, it still comes back as 100. This is also true if one descends into the scaled cell 'test', selects the box and computes the area of the selected shapes, it will still come back as 100. It only correctly calculates it if the cell is flattened. Is this the only way to correctly calculate the area of instances which are scaled?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Developmental Screening
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)
The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is the most accurate and parent friendly way to screen young children and identify potential developmental delays as early as possible. Parent Link Centres offer the Ages and Stages Questionnaire for parents to use to give them a 'snapshot' of their child's development, educate families about what to expect in their child's next stage of development, and offer parent's ideas and suggestions to promote and support their child's development.
Why is Monitoring Child Development Important?
The first 5 years of life are very important because this time sets the stage for success in school and later adulthood. This is optimal time for your child to learn through play and experiences. It is important to ensure that each child is developing as expected during this period.
What Is the Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
This is a simple questionnaire that the parent fills out at home. It is based on the age of the child and asks specific questions to determine your child's development in the following areas:
 1. Communication: looks at the child's language skills, both what he/she understands and what he/she can say.
 2. Gross motor: looks at large muscle movement and coordination.
 3. Fine motor: looks at hand and finger movement and coordination.
 4. Problem solving: looks at how the child plays with toys and the child's problem-solving skills.
 5. Personal social: looks at the child's self-help skills and interactions with others.
 6. An Overall section addresses general parental concerns.
Where can I get an Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
Developmental screens can be picked up at the Parent Link Centre – 127 1st Avenue West, Cochrane.
How do I complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
As you play with your child, you are asked to observe the way that your child completes certain activities. You check "yes" if your child performs the activity regularly; "sometimes" if your child does it only occasionally; "not yet" if your child does not do the activity yet.
What do I do with the completed Ages and Stages Questionnaire?
Once you complete the questionnaire, return it to the Parent Link Centre and it will be reviewed by a staff person. The staff will go over the results with you. You will receive a list of appropriate activities you may enjoy doing with your child to continue to promote development.
What happens if the Ages and Stages Questionnaire determines that my child has an area of concern?
If your child is identified as having an area of concern, the parent will be given a referral to an appropriate agency for further evaluation. This does not mean that there is something wrong with your child, but perhaps they simply need extra attention in one of the five identified areas.
Contact: _PHONE_ for more information or to arrange a time for a developmental screen through the Cochrane & Area Family Resource Network.


text:
Exploring neural cell dynamics with digital holographic microscopy
KAUST DepartmentBiological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractIn this review, we summarize how the new concept of digital optics applied to the field of holographic microscopy has allowed the development of a reliable and flexible digital holographic quantitative phase microscopy (DH-QPM) technique at the nanoscale particularly suitable for cell imaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the original biological ormation provided by the quantitative phase signal. We present the most relevant DH-QPM applications in the field of cell biology, including automated cell counts, recognition, classification, three-dimensional tracking, discrimination between physiological and pathophysiological states, and the study of cell membrane fluctuations at the nanoscale. In the last part, original results show how DH-QPM can address two important issues in the field of neurobiology, namely, multiple-site optical recording of neuronal activity and noninvasive visualization of dendritic spine dynamics resulting from a full digital holographic microscopy tomographic approach. Copyright © 2013 by Annual Reviews.
- Digital holographic microscopy with dual-wavelength phase unwrapping.
- Authors: Parshall D, Kim MK
- Issue date: 2006 Jan 20
- Automated three-dimensional tracking of living cells by digital holographic microscopy.
- Authors: Langehanenberg P, Ivanova L, Bernhardt I, Ketelhut S, Vollmer A, Dirksen D, Georgiev G, von Bally G, Kemper B
- Issue date: 2009 Jan-Feb
- Suppression of the zero-order term in off-axis digital holography through nonlinear filtering.
- Authors: Pavillon N, Seelamantula CS, Kühn J, Unser M, Depeursinge C
- Issue date: 2009 Dec 1
- Real time, nanometric 3D-tracking of nanoparticles made possible by second harmonic generation digital holographic microscopy.
- Authors: Shaffer E, Marquet P, Depeursinge C
- Issue date: 2010 Aug 2
- Digital holographic microscopy for live cell applications and technical inspection.
- Authors: Kemper B, von Bally G
- Issue date: 2008 Feb 1


text:
Portland, Oregon is one of several U.S. cities with a progressive bicycling culture. A couple of innovations the city has implemented are "bike boxes" and "sharrows".
Bike boxes are road markings that designate exactly where cyclists and motorists should place their vehicles when stopped at an intersection with a red light. The main idea is to prevent the notorious "right hook" as a cause of collisions. The jury is still out in terms of effectiveness, but bike boxes are receiving mostly positive reviews so far. (On wikipedia these are called Advanced Stop Lines and around here they're called "green boxes".)
Sharrows are shared lane road markings on roads/lanes shared by cyclists and motor vehicles. In Portland, they are found on city designated bike routes without bike lanes. The idea being that it's a visual cue to cyclists and motorists that the lane is to be shared.
Question: What are other infrastructure modifications a community can make to enhance bicycling safety?


text:
PPS 15: Planning and Flood Risk
Annex C Sustainable Drainage Systems
C1 Development changes the natural drainage regime, it reduces the amount of water infiltrating into the ground by replacing fields with buildings and hard surfaces and contributing to the compaction of other areas by vehicular movements. This increases the volume and speed of surface water run off and requires built up areas to be drained to remove excess water. Traditionally this has been done by installing underground pipes to convey water away as quickly as possible. Although this approach may prevent local flooding it can simply transfer flood risk to other parts of a catchment. The extension of built development alters natural flow patterns both in terms of quantity and the speed with which peak flows occur. The most obvious result may be downstream flooding but the increased flows from new development can also cause damage to property through erosion and ecological damage to streams and streamside habitats.
C2 While the disposal of surface water has long been a material consideration in determining planning applications, amenity, ecology and water resource issues have historically had limited influence on drainage system design and the determination of development decisions. The commitment to a sustainable approach to building and the use of land underlined in the Regional Development Strategy for Northern Ireland. In addition, the water quality improvements required by the EC Water Framework Directive means that continuing to drain built up areas without taking these wider issues into consideration is no longer an option. Flood risk and the environmental damage associated with flood events can be managed by minimising changes in the volume and rate of surface run-off from development sites through the use of sustainable drainage systems.
This section contains the following sub-categories.
- What are Sustainable Drainage Systems?
- Benefits of and constraints on Sustainable Drainage Systems
- The Future for Sustainable Drainage Systems in Northern Ireland


Thursday, March 12, 2009
Latest update: Experiment 17
Exp 17
Topic: Technique - synthesis
Purpose: to determine the percetage of aluminium in a sample X by means of the preparation of a complex compoun dof aluminium wiht 8-hydroxyquinoline.
Let's assume that the result of step (a) obtained as below:
mass of container + KA3/ g = x
mass of empty container/ g = y
mass of KA3/ g = x-y = z
Let's the result of step (b) as below:
mass of crucible + precipitate/ g = a
mass of empty crucible/g = b
mass of precipitate/g = a - b = c
(c) (i) to maximised the collision between particles and thus ensures a complete reation
(ii) to remove impurities and excess ions. Cold water ensures that no precipitate will dissolve and be washed away because water with low temperature will not dissove the precipitate.
(d) the complex precipitate obtained is dried and weight a few times in the oven until the weight of the complex precipitate obtained is constant.
(e) Mass of 1 mole of complex compound with formula Al(C9H6NO)3 = 459.0 g
(f) Percetage of aluminium in the complex compound = 27.0 / 459.o x 100% = 5.88%
(g) weight of aluminium produced = 5.88/100 x c = m1 g
therefore, the percetage of Al in sample X = m1/z x 100% = p %
All the best!
csnxuancl said...
din have bio experiments? i need it..T.T....cant do ar...><
Vv said...
Tomorrow I will be doing this experiment.I'm so glad you're sharing all the experiment with the Form6...
Thank You so much!!!
Choon Kiat said...
Your experiment guide is superb. I like it so much. Thank you very much


What if? Film explores Confederate nation
In light of the recent spate of racial intolerance incidents at the University of Virginia, school officials and leaders have been struggling to find ways to combat bigotry and encourage students to embrace diversity. But UVA President John Casteen hasn't been the only one losing sleep over the incidents.
Kevin Willmott, a film professor at the University of Kansas, has recently directed a movie that treats "slavery in history and racism in modernity."
Scheduled to premiere in just two American cities– Charlottesville is one– on October 7, The Confederate States of America is a mockumentary that hypothesizes the state of the States if the South had won the Civil War. In a recent on-Grounds interview before a sneak preview, Willmott says he planned the premiere before the recent incidents at UVA; nevertheless, the timing is uncanny. Although in the past UVA has seen acts– even attacks– resulting from racial intolerance, recent incidents have prompted UVA to hire its first ever Chief Diversity Officer.
In short, this film on racism, produced by Spike Lee, could not have arrived in Charlottesville at a more racially tumultuous time. And Willmott's powerful message is not about to relieve any tensions, "although it should spur people to discuss, and hopefully act," says the director.
The film paints an image of an America where slavery exists. Liberals flee to Canada, and when World War II arrives, Americans take a non-aggressive stance towards the Third Reich. International relations are in shreds. Yet possibly the most chilling element of the documentary is that Willmott uses actual news footage from American history to create his vision of a nation of slavery and terrorism and national and international discord.
"One of the main ideas behind this film is that our modern USA is not so different from the CSA," says Willmott. "There are a lot of cultural elements and events in the film that seem so shocking, but then viewers realize that many of them parallel real American life."
The movie's brash approach extends to its website, which features an eBay-style online auction of African American workers. And even the director confesses that some of the actors were initially hesitant to work on the film.
"Some of them were weirded out," he recalls. "But if I were making a slasher film, chasing a half-naked woman with an axe, few people would have a problem with it. This film has no violence, no swearing. The fact of the matter is that people know that this nation has unfinished business, and that fact is uncomfortable for them."
One of the least comfortable topics in the film is the one that receives the most attention: racism. But the depiction of the master-slave relationship in the film isn't just unsettling because it's what might have been.
"It's what still exists," says Willmott. "We may not have masters and slaves anymore, but we still have racism."
Willmott's final piece of advice is blunt. "Stop romanticizing the past. Stop romanticizing altogether," he says. "How do you want to remember our history?"
Director Kevin Willmott


Why do birds moult?
Just like our hair and skin constantly replace itself, birds grow new feathers – and the old has to make room for the new. How often and how fast feathers are replaced differs from species to species.
Moulting after breeding
Most domestic birds moult very quickly after breeding. They lose so many feathers at once that some of them are unable to fly for quite some time. Birds without a set breeding season such as parrots moult all year round. They replace their feathers one by one so that they are still able to fly (and breed) at any time.
Under pressure!
A "stress moult" is when a lot of feathers are lost at once and is triggered by a large shock. Stress causes a bird to suddenly lose its feathers, which has the potential to save its life – If a natural enemy seizes a bird and it starts to stress moult, the attacker is left with only feathers in its mouth while the bird is able to escape "by the skin of its neck".
Stuck in the moult
Being "stuck in the moult", on the other hand, is an illness where feathers look blunt and dull. Feathers do not grow back on the throat and neck, leaving bald patches. "French moult" this is another disease where birds do not moult and no new feathers grow. French moult can be acute or chronic and is caused by a virus, which means that there is a risk of infection for other birds. Visit your vet if your bird shows signs of either of these illnesses.
Budgerigars, the most popular pet bird, do not moult at any particular time of the year. They replace their feathers at different times and at varying speeds. During a normal moult, budgerigars never lose all of their wing feathers at once. In the wild, budgies always have to be able to fly.
Moulting is not an illness and birds do not have to be treated or cared for in a particular way during this time. You can't really do anything to help – other than providing extra minerals. Moulting is quite a physically demanding time, as a bird's body has to produce new feathers, and nutrient-rich feed can help make the process easier.
Call into your local store today to discuss your bird's personal needs with our Maxi Zoo Pet Experts.


text:
Stickability is a term used within the notable 5 Minute Lesson Plan.
I have decided to write a short post, based on the demand for clarification.
So, that's the definition (above quote). Staying power!
Do your lessons have 'staying power?'
(or preferably, 'sticking power'?)
Regardless of all the other content written within The 5 Minute Lesson Plan, 'Stickability' is fundamentally what learning and lesson planning should be all about. With relation to lesson planning, it can be defined as the following:
- What is the fundamental aspect of the lesson, you need students to learn?
- What key skill, knowledge or understanding, should students grasp?
- What should students leave your classroom knowing/understanding?
- What should students return to class knowing/understanding?
- Why should this 'stick' with students?
- How will you make it stick?
And questions to ask yourself (the following lesson)?
- How will you know that it has stuck?
- And if students become unstuck, then what?
- How and when should you focus on 'sticking' learning?
I would like to quote a Twitter-colleague Stephen Tierney, Headteacher of St. Mary's Catholic College in Blackpool. We have formed an excellent dialogue via Twitter and are now co-collaborating on producing teaching and learning resources for the schools we both work in. This is exciting news in itself, never mind the exciting projects we are working on!
I make reference to _USER_ and a photo-quote – shown below – due to the following lesson planning structure Stephen has shared:
This was produced here, in a response to my popular Good in Ten (Requires Improvement) CPD programme for teaching and learning. A model that can be applied in all schools. You can read more of his fantastic work on his blog here: _URL_
The learning and lesson-planning model is a gem!
It is all about 'stickability'. Why?
As Stephen has rightly highlighted, that all 'Outstanding' lessons focus on 'the learning' and not 'the activity'. Where, learning gains are tight, the lesson plan can remain loose and adaptable. In lessons that are judged 'Good' or not, the planning and learning are more rigid (or tight) and have more emphasis on the lesson plan or activities. This is the golden nugget for outstanding teaching.
– – –
Plan you lessons based on learning – not the activity or lesson plan!
– – –
Stickability fundamentally asks the teacher (the person planning the lesson) to indicate 'what should stick?" This is ultimately 'the learning' sequence planned for the learners (the students) and I hope clarifies for the reader, the terminology used in The 5 Minute Lesson Plan and subject title. Good luck!
What to get started on 'outstanding' teaching and lesson planning? All you need to know is here.
Video highlighting 'Stickability':


text:
The do's and don'ts of swim training with a watch.
How can you tell the difference between swimmers and triathletes at the pool?
Look at their wrists. Recent technological advances have made it possible to track your swim data via GPS watch—which means a lot of gear-loving triathletes have started tracking yardage on their wrists. These mini computers can calculate almost everything during your daily activities and training sessions. But can using a data watch make you a better swimmer?
Popular reasons for using a data watch:
- Record laps
- Count strokes
- Keep track of intervals
- Calculate yardage
- Determine pace
- Calculate strokes per lap
- Provide a remote coach with your data
- Compare past performances
Although the reasons for using a data watch are compelling, success in the water is driven by technique and an indefinable "feel for the water." An increase in speed comes from either a reduction in resistance or an increase in forward propulsion. Every swim practice should be as much about improving technique as it is about completing the total yardage or holding a specific pace.
If the watch is responsible for counting the yardage and computing pace, then it has provided an opportunity for improvement by allowing the user to focus on technique and improve their feel of the water. However, if that freedom is spent pushing buttons and looking at data screens, then the opportunity is lost. Don't let the watch distract your attention from body position, stroke technique, breathing, kick and effort level. These are the fundamentals that create faster swimming, none of which are being measured on a watch.
It is not uncommon for an athlete and a coach to live and train on opposite sides of the country. In this scenario, the coach relies heavily on data from the athlete's training sessions to generate future workouts. A data watch will provide the numbers that are important to track and report progress in the pool, especially during time trials or test sets where intervals and paces are created. For the lucky athletes that get to train under the watchful eye of a swim coach at practice, skip the watch and work on applying the stroke improvements provided from the deck.
Open water is primarily where I'm sold on the benefits of a data watch. It can record distance and other helpful data to be reviewed post-swim. A GPS-enabled watch can provide invaluable information regarding how straight you swam between buoys. Other benefits include providing intervals when there is no pace clock and calculating average pace over a long-distance swim.
Just like any other training tool, there are good and bad times to use it in training. Usage must be regulated so you utilize it enough to receive a benefit from the recorded data but not too much that it becomes a crutch or impedes smart training. Here are some examples of when to wear and when not to wear a data watch around water:
When to wear it:
During test sets or time trials
When you are swimming solo
In the open water
During your race
When NOT to wear it:
When a coach is on deck
For easy or recovery swim sessions
During a clinic or technique session


text:
Contact InformationTel: _PHONE_
About Print Management
In an effort to help the conservation of printing resources, the Community College of Rhode Island has established a print quota system.
The benefits are:
- Raising awareness of the environmental effect of wasted paper and toner
- Encouraging CCRI students to use electronic methods for sharing and viewing documents
- Focusing on our campus printing through more efficient printing devices
- Follow-you printing: print jobs released through page counters on enabled printers will provide:
- Security: print jobs are released by the user who submitted the job, at the time and place of their choice
- Flexibility: able to collect the print from any enabled location, avoid bottlenecks, use the most appropriate printer
- Environmental benefits: prints not released (collected) can be deleted from the print server automatically. These are called "avoided prints", and can be used as carbon offsets. Reduces paper and toner wastage
- User awareness: notification of print costs and other options can be displayed on user workstations. Increases consciousness of the costs associated with printing and can help'steer' users towards better practice
- Quota management: able to apply monitoring and quoting on a per user basis. Access to reporting tools for business areas
- Financial: reductions in paper, toner and power usage and therefore costs through the application of follow-you printing, quota management and user education
How this system works:
- The print quotas will go into effect on January 24, 2011.
- Each student will have a print quota of 1000 pages for each semester.
- Each student's print quota is reset each term so there will be no carryover from one term to the next.
- Each time a student prints to a printer, a Cost Preview dialog box will appear that states the amount of pages their quota will be charged and their current quota balance.Their options will be to Accept or Delete the print job.
- If a student exhausts the page quota, more pages can be purchased with cash at the Pay stations for $.05 per page
This page developed and maintained by Information Technology. Send comments and suggestions to.


text: Insignificant or modest findings in intervention trials may be attributable to poorly designed or theorised interventions, poorly implemented interventions, or inadequate evaluation methods. The pre-existing context may also account for the effects observed. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is outlined that will permit the determination of how context level factors might modify intervention effectiveness, within a cluster randomised community intervention trial to promote the health of mothers with new babies. The methods include written and oral narratives, key informant interviews, impact logs, and inter-organisational network analyses. Context level factors, which may affect intervention uptake, success, and sustainability are the density of inter-organisational ties within communities at the start of the intervention, the centrality of the primary care agencies expected to take a lead with the intervention, the extent of context-level adaptation of the intervention, and the amount of local resources contributed by the participating agencies. Investigation of how intervention effects are modified by context is a new methodological frontier in community intervention trial research.


Dramatica Do-er vs. Be-er
A Dramatica student asks:
In Dramatica theory, are all Objective Characters be-ers and all Subjective Characters do-ers?
My reply:
No, there is no assignment of be-er or do-er to objective characters at all. Objective Characters, such as the archetypes, are all defined by their functions only, when seen in terms of structure.
Naturally, in storytelling, you layer on a personality for each objective character to help the readers or audience connect to them as real people. And that personality, which is independent of structure, could be a do-er or a be-er, but it is not assigned by structure.
Conversely, Subjective Characters, of which there are two: Main and Influence, will be do-ers or be-ers, based on which domain you have chosen for them in your structural storyform. Universe (Situation) and Physics (Activities) are both externally focused areas of exploration, so if your Main character resides in one of these, he or she will be a do-er as a result.
And, since the Influence Character is diametrically opposed in outlook to the Main Character, they will be positioned in the domain opposite that (diagonally) to the Main Character. So, if your Main Character is in one of the external domains, your Influence Character will be in one of the internal domains: Mind (Attitude) or Psychology (Manner of Thinking), which will make it a be-er.
So, to sum up, only the two subjective characters are structurally mandated as be-ers or do-ers, they will be opposites.
Melanie Anne Phillips
This entry was posted in Dramatica. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Native nicknames are hard to justify
The complaint filed last week by the Michigan Department of Civil Rights asking the U.S. Department of Education to bar the use of Indian nicknames and imagery by Michigan high schools is a classic case of government overreaction, an attempt to use legal brute force to solve a problem best addressed by dialogue. But while this isn't one of America's burning issues, it does reflect our attitudes toward race and ethnicity and it definitely merits public debate.
The use of American Indian nicknames and mascots is a complex question. Some are clearly offensive, others are neutral and some are even approved by Native American tribes. However, as a rule, white Americans who blithely adopt for their own entertainment images from a minority group, especially one as persecuted through history as Native Americans, are likely to offend that group. The portrayals are almost inevitably one-dimensional caricatures, perpetuating old stereotypes. Too many people who would never dream of wearing blackface or a serape and sombrero abandon their good judgment when it comes to Native Americans, reducing an entire culture to war paint and feathered headdresses. If you wouldn't flaunt these images on a reservation, then they're not appropriate in a Michigan high school either.
We cringe when see Atlanta Braves fans doing the "tomahawk chop," hear the name of the NFL team from Washington, D.C. (knowing "redskins" is a racial epithet to many Native Americans) or see white students dancing around the field in faux-Indian regalia as was long done at the University of Illinois. In other cases though, the Indian references are benign. At Saugatuck High School, one of the 35 Michigan high schools identified in the Department of Civil Rights complaint, no one dresses as an Indian, the block "S'' is the team symbol and the only Native American image is the one painted on the gymnasium wall. We can't see any racial discrimination there. The Native American names of some schools, such as the Central Michigan University Chippewas, are even approved by local tribes. (Notably, CMU does not use any Native American characters or images, just the Chippewa name.)
But if some people object, why persist with the names? Of course, there's the natural resistance to having other people tell you what to do, but beyond that the justifications are flimsy. Tradition is often cited, though most Indian nicknames were adopted long after Native Americans were eradicated from areas where they are supposedly "honored." Sports fans can hold on fiercely to seemingly trivial traditions, as we saw locally in another vein when alums and students grew very concerned about which school would inherit the Chix nickname when Zeeland High split. But traditions can evolve.
Some people call the nicknames "tributes," as if plastering an Indian head on the side of a football helmet makes us appreciate Native American culture. If we really want to celebrate Native American culture, we should do a better job of teaching Native American history.
Others say the Indian names are equivalent to those like the Hope College Flying Dutchmen or the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. That comparison ignores the important fact that those names weren't imposed by other ethnic groups, but adopted by Dutch-Americans and Irish-Americans for their own use. That's a big difference.
The bottom line to us is that even if a school isn't perpetuating stereotypes and is trying to act responsibly, there isn't much upside to using Indian names and symbols. What positive effects does that particular name bring? When you strip away the associated images, you're left with a meaningless word, so why bother calling yourselves the Indians, Chiefs or Warriors when there are so many other options?
We should put this issue in the past, not by court order or government edict, but by schools voluntarily changing names and symbols that directly or indirectly caricature a minority group. It's not a matter of political correctness. It's a matter of showing respect to fellow Americans.


text:
It's estimated that about 7 billion rats roam the planet on any given day. One of the more common species — the Norway rat — can produce up to 2,000 descendants per female in a year. Given these high numbers, it's no wonder rodents can cause a lot of damage to agricultural crops and property, as well as spread disease.
In many parts of the world, people try to prevent rodent damage by using rodenticides to reduce rat populations. These poisons, however, are non-specific and hazardous to non-target species, such as dogs, cats, hawks, and owls that may feed on rodents.
In an effort to find a nonlethal damage management method, NWRC scientists teamed up with SenesTech Inc. and The University of Arizona to test the effectiveness of a liquid bait to control fertility in Norway rats. Two chemicals (4-vinylcyclohexane diepoxide and triptolide) known to target ovarian function in female rats were fed to captive Norway rats via the liquid bait. Triptolide is also known to affect spermatogenesis in males.
No offspring were born to treated females that were mated with treated males, while control pairs produced normal litter sizes of 9-10 offspring. The number of primordial follicles in ovaries collected from treated females were less than control females; and the weights of testes and epididymis taken from treated males were lower than in control males.
Researchers are optimistic that these results show the liquid bait inhibits fertility in both male and female rats and may be a feasible alternative to rodenticides for reducing rat populations.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently granted a registration for the liquid bait formulation for use with Norway rats and black rats under the product name ContraPest.
For more information, please contact _EMAIL_.


text: By some estimates, inappropriate drug prescriptions claim the lives of more Europeans each year than traffic accidents. EU-funded researchers are using ICT to prevent such incidents. A software decision-support system warns healthcare professionals on a case-by-case basis of the potential risks of certain drugs for specific patients. Their ground-breaking system promises to save lives, improve patient care and reduce healthcare costs. PSIP project gathers a team of researchers from across Europe who developed innovative technologies to help doctors prescribe the right drugs based on patients' personal medical histories, the effects and side-effects of the drugs and other situation-specific factors.


Case Report
Glucose-lowering efficacy of Xultophy with low doses by FreeStyle Libre as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
Takafumi Kawata1, Hiroshi Bando2,3, Yoshinobu Kato1, Yoshikane Kato1, Setsuko Kanazawa1, Etsuko Sueki1, Hiroe Kanagawa1, Atsuko Kawahito1, Aya Aihara1, Ayako Fujii1
1Kanaiso Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
2Tokushima University/Medical Research, Tokushima, Japan
3Japan Low Carbohydrate Diet Promotion Association, Kyoto, Japan
The daily profile of blood glucose can be detected by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using FreeStyle Libre. The case was a 51-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for uncontrolled glucose variability as HbA1c 10.3%. During CGM measurement, diabetic treatment was changed from multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) to Xultophy (insulin degludec and liraglutide). Xultophy starting from 10 to 18 doses has brought the improvement of glucose variability, such as decreased pre-prandial glucose from 268 mg/dL to 101 mg/dL. Consequently, detailed data of glucose variability on Xultophy using CGM would be beneficial and become some reference for further clinical diabetic research.
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring; FreeStyle Libre; Xultophy


Extreme House clips the wings of bird habitat programs
If birds were humans, they would be pretty worried right now about the upcoming migration across America. The House voted for massive budget cuts to the agencies responsible for protecting the continental flyways on which wild birds depend.
The House Majority's bill zeroes out funding for State and Tribal Wildlife Grants used to protect threatened birdlife and wildlife. It zeroes out the North American Wetlands Conservation Fund. It removes legal protections of wetlands and waters under the Clean Water Act. It cuts deeply into the budgets of the Fish and Wildlife Service used to manage critical refuge areas for birds and wildlife, and for the Land and Water Conservation Fund used to acquire and protect key properties otherwise slated for development.
Cuts to these programs cut into the benefits that these lands have for people too. The wetlands that ducks and geese rely on for habitat are the same wetlands that provide clean drinking water for the rest of us. The forests that are home to songbirds provide clean air and the headwater streams for people across the nation.
And it is an attack on a big source of revenue for communities with bird habitat – bird and wildlife watching contributes nearly $46 billion to the US economy EVERY YEAR.
Now is the time to stand up for our fine feathered friends and the benefits that their homes provide us. Tell the Senate that this extreme de-funding bill will have extreme effects on both the human family and the biodiversity which supports all human life, and cuts to these programs should be restored.


text:
FWC scientists discover new bass species
May 07, 2013
Male panther rescued with sister as kittens in 2011 is released
April 03, 2013
FWC looking for cause of pelican deaths in Brevard
March 19, 2013
Red tide bloom affecting manatees along southwest Florida coast
March 11, 2013
Headed to the beach? Help biologists monitor spawning horseshoe crabs
Red Tide Current StatusThis summary report of current red tide conditions around Florida includes a map of sampling results and regional status reports.
Selected Sawfish ReferencesA list of publications on sawfish research.
Getting to the Bottom of Stone Crab Population TrendsResearchers are conducting a long-term fishery-independent monitoring program to better understand stone crab population dynamics in Florida.
Researcher Spotlight: Charles CrawfordCrawford's work sheds light on the health of Florida's stone crab populations while satisfying his curiosity.
New PublicationsNew to the publications list are these published reports.
Scientists Recognize New Bass Species in Florida WatersThe Choctaw bass, which was long mistaken for spotted bass, is found in coastal rivers along the Florida Panhandle and southern Alabama.
About the ImageBiologists measure a stone crab's carapace (shell) width while out on a sampling trip.Learn more about this project
Birds Black Basses Careers Coral Reefs Fish and Wildlife Health Hotlines Locations Outreach Sea Turtles
Florida Native PlantsA collection on Flickr
OUR MISSION Through effective research and technical knowledge, we provide timely information and guidance to protect, conserve, and manage Florida's fish and wildlife resources.
FWC Facts:Red tides are not always red. They can appear greenish, brownish or even purple in color. The water can even remain its normal color during a bloom.
Learn More at AskFWC
Get FWC News Feeds
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission • Farris Bryant Building
620 S. Meridian St. • Tallahassee, FL
32399-1600 • _PHONE_
Copyright © _PHONE_ State of Florida • Technical Help •
EEO/AA/ADA • Privacy Statement • Advertising Statement & Disclaimer • Site Map
Employee Resources (Password required)
SharePoint | Outlook E-Mail | Retiree Info
Disaster Information for FWC Employees


text:
An assessment of gravel needs in Front Range Urban Corridor markets to 2000 A.D., based on forecast population increases and urbanization, indicates that adequate resources to meet anticipated needs are potentially available, if future land use does not preclude their extraction. Because of urban encroachment onto gravel-bearing lands, this basic construction material is in short supply nationally and in the Front Range Urban Corridor. Longer hauls, increased prices, and use of alternatives, especially crushed rock aggregate, have resulted. An analysis of possible sequential land uses following gravel mining indicates that a desirable use is for'real estate' ponds and small lakes.
A method for computing gravel reserves, based on planimeter measurement of area of resource-bearing lands and statistical analysis of reliability of thickness and size distribution data, was developed to compute reserves in individual markets. A discussion of the qualitative 'usability' of these reserves is then made for the individual markets.


text:
Habitat's Quality of Life Framework
The importance of healthy neighborhoods
Stable, affordable housing is a key determinant of health. The house and neighborhood where one grows up impacts the health and longevity of one's life.
Having a safe, decent, stable, affordable home also impacts a child's success in school. However, many Americans live outside of safe, stable neighborhoods.
How are we revitalizing neighborhoods?
Neighborhood revitalization recognizes the holistic nature of neighborhood priorities to create change across multiple sectors. In order to create change that leads to the an improved quality of life, Habitat created the Quality of Life Framework. Based on learnings from Habitat affiliates and other community development experts, the Quality of Life Framework was developed to serve as a customizable and comprehensive approach to understand how the ultimate goal, an improved quality of life, can be achieved in a neighborhood. The Quality of Life Framework is Habitat's hypothesis on how systemic and sustainable change happens in a neighborhood.
In order to create change that leads to an improved quality of life, community efforts focus on three foundational outcomes:
- Sense of community: Identifying with the neighborhood, feeling connected and supporting one another.
- Social cohesion: Being willing and able to work together.
- Collective action: Sustaining ongoing projects and advocacy efforts.
Focusing on the three foundational outcomes increases motivation and capacity to overcome barriers to sustainable change.
Donate to revitalize neighborhoods
Why are we revitalizing neighborhoods?
Habitat for Humanity seeks to further embrace our mission by collaborating with local residents and partners to maximize resources and improve quality of life in the entire neighborhood.
How can you give back to the community?
Interested in learning more about the Quality of Life Framework? Email _EMAIL_.
You also can contact your local Habitat office to see how they are involved in neighborhood revitalization efforts and what you can do to help.


text:
Where a European Protected Species (EPS) such as bats or great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) would be impacted by a development, it may be possible to obtain a licence from the relevent statutory body Natural England (NE), Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) or Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH). A licence enables derogation from the strict legislation protecting an EPS, and allows an otherwise unlawful act to proceed.
In order for the relevant statutory body to grant an EPS licence three strict legal tests have to be met which are as follows:
- Preserving public health or public safety, or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment;
- There is no satisfactory alternative; and
- That the action authorised will not be detrimental to the maintenance of the population of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range
EPS licence applications require very detailed information and can become a protracted process, especially on more complex sites. The application must be based on recent survey data, and include an impact assessment as well as details on proposed mitigation. Consequently, a suitably experienced ecological consultant is required to complete these elements of the application. Five Valleys Ecology is able to undertake EPS licence application on behalf of out clients, and make the whole process as efficient as possible.


text:
The extract of the plant Corydalis yanhusuo prevents morphine tolerance and dependence while also reversing opiate addiction, research in animals indicates.
The findings appear in the journal Pharmaceuticals.
Over the past two decades, dramatic increases in opioid overdose mortality have occurred in the United States and other nations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has only worsened. The documented effects of YHS, the extract of the plant Corydalis yanhusuo, could have an immediate, positive impact, say researchers.
"It is critical that we decrease the use and abuse of opiates," says Olivier Civelli, professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of California, Irvine's School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences and corresponding author of the paper.
"To help achieve this goal, we are proposing the use of this therapeutic plant. When used in animals, the Corydalis extract prevents pain and the negative effects of opiate use. The next step would be to test it with humans."
The findings show that YHS, when co-administered with morphine, inhibits morphine tolerance, dependence, and addiction. If YHS is used with morphine at the start or during pain management, there will be less need for morphine and so less risk of addiction.
"Opiate tolerance is of utmost importance to opiate users," Civelli says. "They need to constantly increase the need of opiates to reach the same analgesic response. This is what leads to opiate overdose. YHS prevents opiate tolerance, so there is less need to increase opiate consumption."
YHS has been used as analgesic in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. It's considered safe and readily available for purchase, either online or as a "botanical" in certain grocery stores.
Coauthors of the study are from UC Irvine and the Jordan University of Science and Technology.
Source: UC Irvine


text:
economic benefits will flow to the acquirer, and its fair value can be measured reliably.
- In the case of a liability other than a contingent liability, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and its fair value can be measured reliably
- In the case of an intangible asset or a contingent liability, its fair value can be measured reliably.
The acquirer's income statement should incorporate the acquiree's profits and losses after the acquisition date by including the acquiree's income and expenses based on the cost of the business combination to the acquirer.
Acquiree's identifiable assets and liabilities
Subject to the recognition criteria, the acquirer recognizes separately, as part of allocating the cost of the combination, only the identifiable assets, liabilities, and contingent liabilities of the acquiree that existed at the acquisition date. Therefore, the acquirer should:
- Recognize liabilities for terminating or reducing the activities of the acquiree as part of allocating the cost of the combination. This is only recognized when the acquiree has, at the acquisition date, an existing liability for restructuring in its accounts
- Not recognize liabilities for future losses or other costs expected to be incurred as a result of the business combination.
Acquiree's intangible assets
An acquirer should recognize separately an intangible asset of the acquiree at the acquisition date only if it satisfies the definition of an intangible asset:
- Separately identifiable
- A resource that is controlled by the entity
- A probable source of future economic benefits
- Its fair value can be measured reliably
An asset meets the identifiability criterion in the definition of an intangible asset if it:
- Is separable (traceable); or
- Arises from contractual or other legal rights
For identifiability, separability, as well as contractual and legal rights, are taken into account. Accounting principles aim to reflect that an entity's equity value is reflected in the value of its intangible assets. Under previous accounting rules, the identifiability of separate net assets relied purely on the ability of the entity to identify an asset or liability separately. Current accounting rules examine the amount an acquirer is willing to pay for an acquisition and allocate it through a more thorough set of intangible asset recognition criteria.
Note that not all items that are deemed to add value to the entity in question should be recognized separately. This is usually because the entity does not control the resource in question. For example, the skills of a workforce embodied in a group of people does not meet the intangible asset definition, as the entity often has insufficient control over the actions of the group.
In-process research and development
Under IFRS, the expenditure during the research part of an in-process research and development (IPRD) project must be expensed. However, subsequent expenditures during the development phase of a project (the commercial development of existing research knowledge) may be capitalized post-acquisition. Under US GAAP, neither past expenditure on research nor on development is treated as a separable asset acquired as part of the acquisition.
Separately recognized intangible assets
- Trade names
- Non-compete agreements
- Customer lists
- Patented technology
#5 Purchase Accounting for goodwill
On the date of acquisition, goodwill arising from the business combination should be recognized in the balance sheet of the acquirer as an intangible asset. The asset is measured as the excess of the acquisition cost over the acquirer's interest in the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.
A detailed summary of the goodwill calculation is illustrated below:
The goodwill sits as an intangible non-current asset on the balance sheet of the acquiring entity. It is not amortized but it is tested for impairment periodically.
Discounts on acquisitions (negative goodwill)
Negative goodwill arises when the acquisition cost of a business combination is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired. If the initial calculation of the goodwill is deemed appropriate, the negative goodwill is written off and a gain is recognized in the income statement. Negative excess is recognized immediately in profit or loss for the period.
Minority interest in purchase accounting
A minority interest is a portion of profit or loss and net assets of a subsidiary attributable to equity interests that are not owned, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, by the parent.
Consider the group structure below. The parent company owns 75% of the equity voting share capital of the subsidiary. The rest of the voting share capital of the subsidiary is owned by parties external to the group shareholders.
The minority interest in the income statement represents the appropriation of profit that is owned by parties outside the group shareholder structure.
A more comprehensive example of minority interest is available in the full investment banking training manual.


text:
MA8100A Tutorial – Generating 3D Building Maps
Step by step instructions for creating and generating 3D building maps with floorplans
Step by step installation instructions. NEON Signal Mapper, a 3D in-building solution.
NEON Indoor Mapping
TRX NEON Signal Mapper and command software shows mapping in real time
TRX NEON Signal Mapper
Test when GPS is not available, deliver real-time 3D location, for indoor measurement applications
Anritsu's DTV Single Frequency Network Measurement Solution
Learn how to solve frequency interference when using Single Frequency Networks
The Spectrum Master has long been known as the industry standard for high performance spectrum analyzers, combining all of the tools required to simplify the job of monitoring over-the-air signals, finding interferers, and detecting hidden transmitters.
Anritsu Interference Location Mapping
Spectrum analyzers provide accurate RF power measurements over a wide frequency range.
Anritsu Spectrum Analyzers Reveal Hidden Transmitters
High performance handheld spectrum analyzers are ideal for detecting and locating hidden transmitters because you can easily carry the instrument when hunting for the transmitter.


Sorry everyone – LeBron's muscle cramps were NOT caused by dehydration or salt loss
LeBron James (Image by Steve Jurvetson)
LeBron James (Image by Steve Jurvetson)
Last week during game one of the NBA Finals between the Miami Heat and San Antonio Spurs, the air conditioning system in the AT&T Center wasn't working properly. As a result, the normally cool arena was a sweltering 90 degrees fahrenheit (~30 degrees Celsius). Miami's LeBron James suffered a debilitating bout of muscle cramps, and had to leave the game. LeBron James is the single most dominant basketball player of his generation. So when he misses a significant portion of one of the most important games of the year, it is a Big Deal. Miami went on to lose the game 110 to 95.
Almost immediately, commentators went into a frenzy discussing how the heat and related dehydration/salt loss caused King James' cramps (in the above video, the heat is mentioned several times within seconds of James cramping up). This article from ESPN, was pretty typical of the coverage that I saw online:
Or take this article, titled "Why heat cramps crushed LeBron":
"In a regular game, professional athletes lose an extraordinary amount of fluid and electrolytes," says Dr Michael Bergeron, executive director of the Sanford Sports Science Institute. "Playing in hot and humid conditions can push a player's fluid and electrolyte loss to a dangerous level." As dehydration sets in, subtle twitches or cramping can progressively turn into painful muscle spasms.
The prevailing wisdom being that the heat caused dehydration and/or electrolyte loss, which caused his muscle cramps. The analysis has been fast and furious (the classiest was Gatorade pointing out on Twitter that people who consume their sugar water sports drink can "take the heat" – LeBron is sponsored by Powerade), but most of it seems to miss a crucially important point: research suggests that exercise-related muscle cramps are not caused by dehydration or electrolyte loss (I was surprised that even articles explaining "the science of muscle cramps" largely sidestepped the issue).
The real explanation is way less sexy: exercise induced muscle cramps are caused by plain old fatigue.
What evidence links muscle cramps with dehydration and/or electrolyte loss?
The idea that muscle cramps are caused by dehydration first originated from anecdotal reports of miners suffering from "heat cramps". The miners were doing a very physically demanding job in a very hot environment, and therefore sweating a lot. Based on this information, it would be reasonable to hypothesize 2 different potential causes of their cramps:
 1. Dehydration and/or salt loss through high levels of sweating
 2. Muscle fatigue, from their physically demanding work
Essentially what happened is that people latched onto hypothesis # 1, and never thought to investigate hypothesis # 2 (until recently at least). And since exercise-related cramps often occur when people exercise in hot environments (e.g. LeBron's situation), it seemed to support the idea that dehydration and/or salt loss were to blame.
However, that evidence is based almost entirely on anecdotal reports, rather than high quality research. A fantastic review in the British Journal of Sports Medicine looks at the available research evidence, and argues that dehydration and salt loss are unlikely to have anything to do with exercise-induced muscle cramps.
For example, several recent studies have examined electrolyte levels among crampers and non-crampers following endurance events. They found no differences in electrolyte concentrations between the two groups, and electrolyte levels did not change when the cramps disappeared. Similarly, cramping athletes are not any more dehydrated than their non-cramping counterparts. It's also worth noting that "heat cramps" have been observed in cool environments, such as swimming in cold water (conversely, cooling hot a person does not make their cramps go away). Core temperature does not seem related to cramping either.
Some researchers have suggested that "salty sweating" (e.g. losing large amounts of salt through in sweat) could cause cramping, without any change in overall electrolyte concentrations in the blood. This hypothesis is based on a study that found that athletes who self-identify as crampers had higher levels of sodium in their sweat than control athletes who did not identify as crampers (it's important to note that they didn't measure sweat DURING a cramp – these were simply athletes with a history of cramping). However, the cramp-prone athletes still had relatively low levels of salt in their sweat when compared to other studies that examined sweating in a wide range of non-cramping individuals. In other words, these "salty sweaters" didn't have all that much salt in their sweat when compared to other groups of non-crampers.
It is worth noting that systemic (e.g. whole body) reductions in sodium concentrations can result in muscle cramps. This can sometimes happen during hemodialysis. However, this results in generalized cramping – e.g. cramps that occur throughout the body. Whereas muscle cramps are localized – they typically occur in only one or two muscles at a time (the calves, feet and hamstrings are especially prone to cramping). This fact alone – that only the muscles being exercised are prone to cramping – is a pretty big indication to me that cramps have more to do with muscle fatigue than with whole body electrolyte concentrations.
What evidence links fatigue with muscle cramps?
Observational studies have found that athletes often report muscle fatigue prior to the onset of cramps themselves. They have also found that athletes are more likely to experience cramps when they identify as being under-trained for the event, or as competing at a higher intensity than during training. For example, one prospective study asked 210 Ironman athletes to complete a detailed history before a race. 44 of them developed muscle cramps, and researchers found that when they matched crampers with non-crampers that had similar training and performance histories (e.g. coming into the race, you would expect the two athletes to have a similar performance), those who developed cramps had also chosen faster pacing strategies. In other words, the people who raced at a pace that was too fast for their ability were also more likely to develop cramps at some point in the race.
Another piece of evidence suggesting that cramps are caused by muscle fatigue is that numerous studies have shown that voluntary muscle contractions can be used to cause muscle cramps! Further, it is easier to induce muscle cramps following a hard workout, than it is before a hard workout. This alone is a pretty big indication that muscle cramps are more likely to be due to localized muscle fatigue, rather than systemic changes in hydration or salt concentrations.
Finally, the last piece of evidence suggesting that cramps are due to fatigue is that passive stretching helps to end a cramp. Dr Schwellnus (the author of the BJSM review) suggests that this could be explained by stretch receptors in your tendons called Golgi tendon organs, that somehow become less active following a bout of fatiguing exercise. These receptors sense stretch in your tendons, and when they sense too much stretch, they basically shut down your muscle to reduce strain and prevent injury (e.g. if the muscle stops contracting, the tension in the tendons will be reduced, and you won't rip your muscle and/or tendon). They essentially work like brakes that prevent unnecessary or potentially dangerous muscle contractions.
Golgi tendon organ (Source: Gray's Anatomy, via Wikipedia)
Golgi tendon organ (Source: Gray's Anatomy, via Wikipedia)
The hypothesis is that when you are fatigued, these Golgi tendon organs become less active, so there is less inhibition of muscle activity. Without this inhibition from the Golgi tendon organs, your muscles are more likely to contract on their own. Your muscle is now like a car with brakes that aren't working at full capacity.
This fits with the fact that contractions are more likely to occur when a muscle is already in a shortened position (e.g. a cramp is more likely in your hamstrings if you pull your feet up towards your butt) – this is when the activity of the Golgi tendon organs is likely to be very low, since there is very little stretch in the tendons. This would make it easier for your muscle to spontaneously contract, since it's getting less inhibition than it would in the non-fatigued state. It also explains why stretching can help to end a cramp – this increases the activity in the Golgi tendon organs, which helps convince the muscle to stop contracting.
What does this mean for LeBron?
LeBron's cramps last week seem to fit with the general pattern of exercise-induced muscle cramps. They came during a very hard physical effort, at the end of a long season and playoff run. They went away briefly when he went to the bench, then returned when he went back on the court (if they were caused by dehydration or salt loss, it would seem strange that they would go away with rest, only to return when he started to exert himself again). The good news is that a bit of rest seems to do the trick.
LeBron is one of the best players in the world right now, so it's in the Heat's best interest to use him as much as possible. They just have to avoid using him so much that his muscles are fatigued to the point where they cramp up. The trick is to get as close to that line as they can without going over. And it's worth mentioning that exposure to high heat may make muscle cramps more likely (there's not great evidence on this one way or another), but eating extra salt is unlikely to help prevent cr


text:
To keep your lemon trees growing healthy it is important to fertilize them regularly and in the right way. Top dress lemon trees in spring, add trace element, iron chelates and an organic slow release fertilizer to keep your citrus tree happy. Add mulch onto the soil and water the fertilizer in after applying to avoid burning the plant and release the nutrients to the tree.
This article will explore how to fertilize your lemon tree at home in 5 easy steps.
6 Steps to fertilize a lemon tree
Here are 5 easy steps to fertilize your lemon tree at home.
1. Top dress lemon trees in spring
The first thing to do is top dress lemon trees in spring. Rake back the mulch and layer a mix of compost and aged cow manure on the surface of the soil. Layer around 2 inches of this mix on the soil and rake it flat. Don't mix it in otherwise you could disturb the plant roots.
This mix will contain a small amount of nutrients which will be washed down to the plant roots to grow. This organic matter will also feed the worms and soil bacteria and help to prevent weeds.
2. Add trace elements in spring
Feed your citrus with trace elements in spring. You can use a general citrus fertilizer or a trace element mix. Mix this through water and apply it to your lemon tree. This will give the tree a burst of trace elements it needs to grow flowers and fruit.
3. Add iron chelates in spring if the leaves are yellowing
Keep the leaves of your citrus tree healthy by giving it a dose of iron chelates in spring. After a long winter and consistent fruiting, your lemon tree can use up the iron in the soil. Give it back the iron it needs to grow lemons over spring and summer.
4. Add a slow release fertilizer to the root zone at the start of each season
The next step is to add an organic slow release fertilizer at the beginning of each season. Add pelleted chicken manure around the base of the lemon tree around the root zone. Sprinkle the fertilizer on the root zone, up to the imaginary line underneath the edges of the leaf canopy.
You can also use a natural, citrus-specific plant food. This will have a range of nutrients specific to the needs of your lemon tree. Look out for organic options.
5. Add mulch
Add a layer of mulch twice per year to keep the soil moist and to prevent weeds. Use bark mulch or straw mulch on the surface of the soil and this will reduce water evaporation. This will help you to save water in the long run and will block light to the weed seeds preventing their growth.
6. Water the fertilizer in well and add seaweed
Always water the fertilizer in well each time you feed your lemon tree. Water all around the surface of the soil where the fertilizer was added. This will help to wash it down to the roots and allow the slow release fertilizer to start to break down.
You can add seaweed solution to your watering can each month to help to improve root growth and improve the soil. This is a gentle soil conditioner which is great for overall plant health.
When to fertilize a lemon tree
Fertilize your lemon tree when it is growing actively in spring. This is the most important time to remember to fertilizer your tree as it will be growing long stems and preparing to grow flowers and fruit. This is the time to add pelleted chicken manure, trace elements and iron chelates. This will feed your tree in preparation for growing lots of fruit.
Add an organic slow release fertilizer like pelleted chicken manure at the beginning of each season. This will gently feed your plant throughout the year, allowing it to grow new leaves and prepare the plant for growing fruit. Avoid adding fertilizer once the plant has started flowering.
If your plant is growing lots of leaves but no fruit, you can swap to a flower and fruit promoting fertilizer. This will help to reduce the nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium ratio needed for the plant to set fruit.
Avoid fertilizing lemon trees in the heart of winter. instead add pelleted chicken manure at the start of winter before the plant slows down its growth and goes semi-dormant.
How often to fertilize lemon trees
You can add a natural organic fertilizer like pelleted chicken manure 4 times per year at the start of each season. Add trace elements and iron chelates in spring and water them in well. You can add seaweed solution to your tree once each month to improve root growth and soil bacteria.
How to Fertilize a Lemon Tree | Summary
Fertilizing lemon trees is important to make sure that they produce lots of fruit. Lemon trees need a consistent fertilizing regime including iron chelates, trace elements, and organic slow release fertilizers. Spring is the key time for fertilizing lemon trees but don't forget to keep adding pelleted chicken manure at the start of each season.
I have recently bought a small lemon tree which tripled in size over a 6 month period. The plant has grown from around a foot high to over 4 feet high now. It is rapidly adding long stems and by next year it will be ready for its first fruit. This was my experiment to see how rapidly I could grow a lemon tree but if you want fruit sooner, look out for a grafted lemon tree or a more advanced one.
Lemon trees are easy to care for but do need regular fertilizer. If you get this right, you will have lots of lemons for many years to come.
- Lemon Tree Companion Plants | 15 Flowers, Fruit and Herbs
- What age do lemon trees start fruiting? | 3 Years: Plus tips for Fruit Sooner
- How to Fertilize a Lemon Tree | 6 Easy Steps
- How to safely leave your lemon tree outside in winter | Top 11 Tips
- Lemon tree winter care | 6 Tips and Tricks
- Overwatering a lemon tree | 6 Ways to know + Solutions
- Lemon tree has flowers but no fruit | 6 Easy Solutions
- No flowers on lemon trees: 11 Simple solutions
- Why lemon trees attract bees | + Ants, Aphids & Ladybugs
- How to use Epsom Salts on Lemon Trees | 5 Easy Steps
- Growing Lemon Trees in Full Sun | 6 Hours of Sun
- Do lemon trees have invasive roots? | How to keep roots contained
- Coffee Grounds for Lemon Trees | Easy Guide
I am an accredited practicing dietitian, experienced gardener and a dedicated cook. I love writing and sharing my experience so you can learn from my successes and mistakes.


text:
Under-performance of small bowel biopsy during endoscopy may be a major reason that celiac disease remains underdiagnosed in the United States, according to a new study published online recently in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Investigators at the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) found that the rate of small bowel biopsy is low in this country.
"The vast majority of people with celiac disease in the United States remain undiagnosed," said lead author Benjamin Lebwohl, MD, MS, assistant professor of clinical medicine in the Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, and a gastroenterologist and epidemiologist at the Celiac Disease Center, CUMC. "This stands in contrast to countries in Western Europe and Scandinavia, where patients with celiac disease are much more likely to be diagnosed. Are patients with celiac disease in the United States not seeking medical attention? Actually, this study shows that some of these undiagnosed patients may be coming to see a gastroenterologist and still are not getting the biopsy they need for a diagnosis."
Dr. Lebwohl and colleagues analyzed the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative National Endoscopy Database (CORI-NED), a multicenter database that represents a broad section of endoscopy centers throughout the country, including community-based as well as academic settings. They identified all patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during the years 2004-2009 for one of the following reasons: Weight loss, iron deficiency, anemia, or diarrhea. "Any one of these symptoms could be compatible with celiac disease. We know that the blood tests for making this diagnosis are not perfect, and so we argue that most patients having an endoscopy for one of these reasons should have a biopsy of the small intestine to test for celiac disease."
In fact, physicians did a small bowel biopsy in only 43 percent of the more than 13,000 patients having an endoscopy during this 6 year period.
"We thought that biopsy rates would be higher, especially considering the increased public awareness of celiac disease," said Dr. Lebwohl. Although the rates increased somewhat over time, in the most recent year of the study (2009) the biopsy rate remained only 51 percent. "As a result, it remains possible that a patient with celiac disease may seek health care, see a gastroenterologist, and have an endoscopy, and yet may still remain undiagnosed."
These low biopsy rates were not uniform: men were less likely to have a biopsy as compared to women. This may provide a clue to understanding a long-observed curiosity: the lopsided gender ratio among patients with celiac disease.
"Men are just as likely as women to develop celiac disease, but women are much more likely to be diagnosed," said Peter H.R. Green, MD, professor of clinical medicine in the Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, director of CUMC's Celiac Disease Center, and senior author of the study.
"Perhaps men aren't being diagnosed because their doctors aren't biopsying them, even when symptoms are compatible with celiac disease. This becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy: men aren't being biopsied, diagnosis rates in men remain low, and so doctors erroneously think that celiac disease is a 'woman's disease,'" said Dr. Green.
Biopsy rates were also lower among older patients, African-Americans, and Hispanics. Dr. Green added, "We know that celiac disease can occur at any age, and is not limited to Caucasians; but here again this celiac disease stereotype of the young Caucasian is reflected in the biopsy practices of gastroenterologists nationwide."
The authors are planning follow-up studies that aim to educate physicians regarding the benefits of performing small bowel biopsy.
The paper is titled, "Sex and racial disparities in duodental biopsy to evaluate for celiac disease." Dr. Lebwohl and Dr. Green's co-authors are Christina Tennyson, MD, and Alfred I. Neugut, MD, PhD, both of Columbia University Medical Center, and Jennifer L. Holub, MA, MPH, and David A. Lieberman, MD, both of Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU).
The research was supported by the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health (KL2 RR024157).


Complexities When AI Autonomous Cars Attempt Zipper Merging
 Complexities When AI Autonomous Cars Attempt Zipper Merging
By Lance Eliot, the AI Trends Insider
You undoubtedly know what a zipper merge is, though the name of it might seem unfamiliar.
Here's how it goes. Imagine you are driving along on the highway, minding your own business, when you spy up ahead an indication that your lane is being narrowed out and you'll need to get over into the other lane next to you. An electronic board sign is flashing warnings that your existing lane is going to end soon ("Merger Ahead" it veritably screams at you). In addition, a series of weather-worn red cones are set up in your lane that inch you over, step-by-step, and are positioned to gradually shunt all traffic out of the lane you are in.
It is the classic 2-into-1 traffic control squeeze play.
This is also commonly known as the zipper merge because it looks like a zipper as cars are pinned into veering from two lanes into one. Anyone that drives around with any frequency is apt to encounter these 2-into-1 situations on any given day and during any given driving journey. They exist aplenty.
So, what do you do?
One answer is that upon immediately spotting that a merger request is being proffered, you would as quickly and as safely as feasible guide your car into the next lane over and expeditiously get out of the lane that is going to disappear. You would not wait. You would not remain in the vanishing lane. You would act decisively and obey what you believe to be a lawful order to switch lanes. Let's label that kind of driver as an Early Merge type of person, employing a driving strategy of trying to perform the merging action as soon as possible.
Another answer to the driving scenario is to try and remain in the fading lane as long as you can. The idea is to wait until the last possible moment and then dart over into the remaining available lane. In some ways, this is kind of exciting and maybe provides a bit of a thrill. In any case, the person using this approach is apt to be thinking that there is no particular reason to act like a scaredy-cat and abandon a perfectly good lane, postponing the abandonment until the only option left involves getting out and into the bordering lane. We'll label this kind of driver as the Late Merge type of person.
Okay, so which camp do you fall into, the Early Merge members of society or the Late Merge members of our world? This is where the heated and acrimonious debates start to unfold.
The Early Merge types are bound to exhort that the Late Merge people are miscreants. Those Late Merge drivers are outright idiots that do not realize they ought to obey the indicated signs and get over in a prudent, timely, and earliest feasible way. Doing so is decidedly safer for all concerned. When those dolts dart over at the endpoint of merging, they are going to create trouble, heaps, and heaps
Source - Continue Reading:
Related post


text:
Nature reclaiming marshlands after dikes breached
Previously dry tidelands by Port Susan already teeming with wildlife
Michael O'Leary / The Herald
The Nature Conservancy recently completed a $4 million project to restore 150 acres of former tidelands north of the mouth of the Stillaguamish River. The work involved breaching an old dike to allow in salt water and reinforcing another dike to protect farmland. Snow geese are wintering in the newly flooded area.
A sign from state Department of Fish and Wildlife marks the protected area.
Michael O'Leary / The Herald
Kat Morgan, of the Nature Conservancy, walks along the new dike at high tide when the area is flooded.
Previously diked off and dry, the 150 acres now floods at high tide with salt water from the bay and is teeming with ducks and snow geese.
"It's a great feeling," said Kat Morgan, manager of Port Susan programs for the Nature Conservancy, which owns the property.
The environmental preservation group breached an old earthen dike to allow salt water to rush into the site and reinforced another old dike to protect farmland.
The change is expected to restore original wildlife habitat to much of the east side of the bay north of the mouth of the Stillaguamish River, also known as Hat Slough.
A new tidegate also was installed to allow water to run out when flooding does occur. The $4 million project, by Northwest Construction of Bellevue, involved a lot of earth moving and was done between May and October. The money came from state and federal environmental programs and private donations.
First, the original, inner dike along the adjacent Twin City Foods farm was reinforced. At the dike's north end, a new section of dike was built to connect to the original and make it longer. Dirt was skimmed off the top of the outer dike to help build the new one.
In September, the outer dike, 14 feet high, was breached in two places. Salt water crept through at high tide and now, after more than two months, the only signs of the dike are some decayed pilings and a marshy area that grew up on the dike's outer side.
Sunny weather in August and September helped crews get the project done.
"That helped keep everything on schedule," Morgan said.
The 1.4 mile-long outer dike near the river mouth was built in the late 1950s by farmer Menno Groeneveld, the son of a Dutch immigrant, according to the Nature Conservancy. He tried to farm the enclosed area over the years with little success. The environmental group bought the property from Groeneveld's estate in 2001 for $2 million.
The outer dike not only dried up the tidelands in the enclosed area but blocked fresh water and river sediment from moving north in the bay. This starved that area of the water mix needed by native plants and animals, and it has slowly been losing marshland, Morgan said.
Removing the dike is expected to improve fish habitat by providing young salmon with cool, deep channels where they can hide, feed and adjust to the saltwater environment.
"They have to fatten up in that place," said Lisa Bellefond, external affairs director for the Puget Sound Partnership, a state-funded environmental agency based in Olympia. "These are like the teenagers that are going off to college."
The Puget Sound Partnership sets goals for restoration of each section of inland waterway, Bellefond said. In Port Susan, the target is 315 acres, meaning the Nature Conservancy project gets it half way to the goal -- not counting the potential benefits to the northern part of the bay.
"This project is incredibly important for many reasons," she said.
The area is a popular spot for birders. The Nature Conservancy has opened the outer dike to the public on a by-permission basis, but plans to keep the new and reinforced dikes closed at least until January while staff monitor the area's progress, Morgan said.
It could take five years or more for the habitat to restore itself, but changes will be visible along the way, especially in the wet season, she said.
"Winter's when the changes will happen," Morgan said.
Bill Sheets: _PHONE_; _EMAIL_.


Edit Article
Airless paint sprayers come in many different configurations and designs but all have the same general features and controls. The basic idea behind how a sprayers works is that it pumps the paint and forces it out a very small tip on the spray gun. There is no air or air compressor involved, hence the name "airless" paint sprayer. They will apply a lot of paint very quickly and can make a tedious job very easy and quick.
 1. 1
 Prepare the surface for painting. Cover any and all things that are not to be painted, including yourself. When spraying, there will be misting/fogging and this paint will end up everywhere. It has the same characteristics as fine sheetrock dust and will float and settle. Light synthetic coveralls should be worn along with spray hood, safety glasses and respirator.
 - If painting inside, cover/mask floors, walls, light fixtures, doorknobs, hinges, light switches, etc.
 - If painting outside, the paint you spray 15 or 20 feet (4.6 or 6.1 m) up onto a second story can float and carry in the wind. Cover all landscaping, neighbors' house, fences, etc.
 2. 2
 3. 3
 4. 4
 Release the trigger and then stop motion of your hand to stop painting.
 5. 5
 When you are finished painting, thoroughly clean the sprayer. All the paint must be cleaned out after each use.
 - Never mix oil-based paint with water or latex paint and never mix paint thinner with latex paint.
 - The tip where the paint comes out is extremely small and prone to clogging. Any small piece of dust or sand or dried paint will clog the spray tip. To help minimize this problem strain the paint whenever possible with a synthetic paint strainer (never use cheesecloth). When renting or buying a sprayer, always get one with a reversible tip installed. If you get a clog, this allows you to quickly reverse the spray tip, clear out the clog, reverse it back and proceed with painting.
 - Treat your airless sprayer like a tool that can cause a mess. Be careful to keep children and untrained people away.
 - Airless paint sprayers operate at very high pressures and can very easily cause injures if you were to spray your skin or any part of your body. You may actually inject paint into your tissues or bloodstream through your skin without having an obvious cut or bleeding. The skin can open up and allow the passage of the paint through and then close off again making it appear that nothing is wrong. This is a "fluid injection injury", and should be treated by a professional immediately.
 - Even when a sprayer is off and unplugged it can have pressure trapped in the machine until it has been released. Always make sure that each time you turn off the machine, you release the pressure in the system by opening the prime valve or by pulling the trigger on the spray gun and spraying into an empty bucket.
 - Airless Paint Sprayers are able to spray a wide variety of paint products but do not spray coatings with textures or grits.
Article Info
Categories: Painting
In other languages:
Español: usar un pulverizador de pintura sin aire, Deutsch: Eine Airless Spritzpistole verwenden, Português: Usar um Pulverizador Para Pintura Sem Ar, Русский: пользоваться безвоздушным краскопультом
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 129,674 times.
Did this article help you?
Yes No
an Author!
Write an Article


- adj. Of, relating to, or being a satellite that travels above Earth's equator from west to east at an altitude of approximately 35,900 kilometers (22,300 miles) and at a speed matching that of Earth's rotation, thus remaining stationary in relation to Earth.
 - adj. Of, relating to, or being the orbit of such a satellite.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
 - adj. At a fixed distance in three dimensions relative to a particular point on the Earth's surface; generally only possible with orbital satellites.
 - adj. of or having a geosynchronous orbit such that the position in such an orbit is fixed with respect to the earth
Sorry, no etymologies found.


text:
Many of us overwater our plants and lawns. But now, figuring out how much water your lawn and garden really need is easy with the Watering Index and Calculator. Get started by using the calculator below to create a customized watering schedule. Then use the Watering Index daily, weekly or monthly to adjust your schedule. The Watering Index is updated daily. You could save as much as 1,000 gallons a month by watering your plants only as much as they need.
|IMPORTANT: The Watering Calculator does not reflect local mandatory conservation measures that may be in effect because of the current water supply shortage. Please check with your water provider to find out what watering days and times are allowed in your area.
The Watering Calculator is a tool that estimates the correct amount of water to give your landscape or garden every week. Developed by the city of San Diego, it provides customized watering schedules by zip code based on data from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) weather station network.
It has been designed to give you a schedule for the maximum amount of water which your plants or lawn may need each week of the year. For example, in January, your plants may need to be watered for a total of six minutes per week. Come July, they may need 24 minutes per week.
The calculator has been simplified by using average numbers for weather, plants, and soils within zip codes of the urban Southern California area. These are only suggested run times, so you will need to observe plant health and/or soil moisture levels and make adjustments as necessary.
How to use the Watering Calculator:
- Answer the questions below for each area of your yard. You can create a watering schedule for up to 6 areas at one time.
- When complete, click on the button below to see your customized watering schedule.
Tips for watering during water restrictions:
Due to dry conditions and limited water supplies, some areas are restricting outdoor water use. These regulations vary across Southern California, and the watering calculator does not create a schedule based on local restrictions. The following tips will help you schedule landscape watering:
Check with your water provider to find out the watering days and times allowed in your area.
Enter your landscape information into the watering calculator and create a watering schedule.
- Divide the total minutes per week in your watering schedule by the number of days per week you may water. For example, if the calculator shows you should water one area a total of 20 minutes per week and local regulations limit watering to 2 days per week, you will want to water 10 minutes each day.
- Watch for run-off. If you water for longer periods, water may run off and be wasted. Many controllers have a feature that allows for multiple start times so you can "cycle and soak". Watering for shorter periods allows the water to soak in.
- To prevent run-off, multiple start times of shorter duration may be set before and/or after any time restrictions in your area.