I noticed that in most theoretic literature (Braess, Ciarlet,...) for Finite Elements, the method is only described in a detailed way for simplex triangulations, while other forms of hexahedral methods are often omitted or only briefly mentioned.
Is there any theoretical differerence between FEM theory of simplices and hexahedrals? Do theoretical results (convergence, error-estimates) not carry over to hexahedrals, or is it just that the generality is so obvious that it is left to the reader.
In my opinion the basics stay the same but there are some differences worth commenting upon.
The basic principles of defining a local coordinate system, integrating local dense contribution matrices using quadrature rules, and assembling them into global sparse matrices are identical. Often, hexahedral basis functions arise from taking tensor products of some underlying one-dimensional basis, and are integrated using tensor products of one-dimensional quadrature rules, which exposes some opportunities for optimizing code.
One notable difference is polynomial completeness. High order tetrahedral basis tend to arise from some sort of pascal's triangle / pascal's tetrahedron arrangement. For instance, a 2D gradient-conforming basis needs to span {$1$, $x$, $y$, $x^2$, $xy$, $y^2$} to be complete to second order, and these 6 functions can be arranged very tidily on a 6-node triangle (3 vertices, 3 edge midpoints). In contrast, the most natural way to write a second order basis for a 2D quadrilateral is via a tensor product of two 1D lines, leading to a span of {$1$, $x$, $y$, $x^2$, $xy$, $y^2$, $x^2y$, $xy^2$, $x^2y^2$}. This contains more functions / requires more work, but is not any more accurate in the asymptotic sense. This over-completeness becomes more exaggerated as you raise the order or migrate from 2D to 3D.
Despite this overcomplete-ness at the element level, hexahedral elements are generally more efficient in total cost, simply because they are "larger" and fill space more efficiently. Model accuracy is typically a function of mesh size $h$. A hexahedron with sides of length $h$ takes up $h^3$ volume, while a tetrahedron with sides of length $h$ only takes up a volume of $h^3/6$. So given some computational domain with volume $V$ and an desired accuracy/mesh size $h$, I expect to need 6x as many tetrahedra than hexahedra. Even though this difference is just a constant factor, we're talking about the size of the input here, so it will be further magnified by any downstream algorithmic complexities (for instance, if you're using solver/preconditioning techniques that scale superlinearly).
I do want to comment briefly on accuracy. A surprising aspect of some basis functions is that element shape / distortion can effect their order of accuracy, because of how they depend on the pullback/jacobian. As a concrete example, consider 2D Nedelec (curl-conforming) functions. The curl of these functions (ie what's going into the "stiffness" matrix, to borrow a term) is proportional to the jacobian. For a triangle, the jacobian is constant, so you get curl complete to a constant (this is what you want, a lowest order "$\star$-conforming" element should have "$\star$" complete to a constant). In contrast, the jacobian for a quadrilateral is only constant if the shape mapping is affine (ie the quadrilateral is a parallelogram), which means this element is non-convergent on general meshes (ie you can refine $h$ but the error will not improve). Raviart-Thomas elements are similarly affected, as they have a similar dependence on jacobian. Note that a similar thing happens (non-constant jacobian / non-convergence) if you use curvilinear shape mappings (for either triangles or quadrilaterials), I only call out this case specifically because it's surprising that a linear/straight-line quadrilateral can exhibit this problem too (when it's not a parallelogram).
All this said, I find the biggest obstacle to using hexahedra for FEM are not formulation or convergence issues, but mesh generation and computational geometry issues. There are robust general-purpose algorithms for automatic tetrahedral mesh generation (delaunay refinement in particular), but hexahedral meshing is more brittle and often requires user interaction to decompose complicated geometry into simple parts that are eligible for structured strategies or pave/sweep strategies. Note that you can fuse tetrahedral grids with hexahedral grids using pyramidal elements, but the basis functions on pyramids can be pretty technical (pyramids are often implemented in terms of degenerate/distorted hexadra, and the distortion function ends up contributing non-polynomial terms to the jacobian/basis functions, which can make it difficult to obtain the correct order of accuracy).
In light of these geometrical complexities, I find it reasonable for papers to focus more on simplicial elements, there's just a larger market for them.
 - $\begingroup$ Wow, thank you very much for the elaborate answer! $\endgroup$ – MPIchael Apr 22 at 14:54
 - $\begingroup$ The Finite Element Method is blessed with regards to meshes, since it performs well with tetrahedral meshes, combined with the fact tet meshing is quite easy and there are plenty of tet meshers out there. If you are doing CFD, i.e. fluid mechanics, hex meshes behave better than tets, although this is field/application dependent. If you are searching for hex meshers, preferably open source, your search is a short one. $\endgroup$ – Dohn Joe Apr 22 at 15:06
Most FM methods require that we can identify pairs of adjacent elements. This is easy with elements derived from a quadrilateral/hexahedral grid that can be mapped onto an array structure. To deal with the complex domains typical of aircraft, for example, the "multiblock" structure can be adopted where the domain is first mapped onto "blocks" which are very coarse quad/hex grids with an arbitrary connectivity between them. Generating these coarse grids is hard to automate if there must be many blocks, and is commonly done by hand, which is time-consuming. Because of this the multiblock strategy is now little-used in practice, and a single "unstructured" quad/hex grid is used for the entire domain. Individual elements should still be as "regular" as possible in aspect ratio and skewness.
 - $\begingroup$ I fail to see how this answer the OP question. $\endgroup$ – nicoguaro Apr 25 at 20:03
Your Answer


Share page with AddThis
Contaminants can enter hydraulic systems from a number of sources:
 - System generated wear particles
What is the by-pass setting for lube and hydraulic filters?
Each lube filter and hydraulic filter system is equipped with a by-pass valve to ensure main components in the system are sufficiently lubricated if oil is cold or the filter is blocked by excessive contamination. The by-pass valve can be located in the filter or filter head. Depending on the OEM manufacturer's specification, the setting of the by-pass valve can differ. The Cummins Filtration catalogue lists the setting of this valve (14.7 PSI = 1 bar). If no setting is mentioned, no by-pass valve is mounted in the filter.
What is the anti-drainback valve for lube and hydraulic filters?
The anti-drainback valve is fitted in filters for applications where potential risk of the filter running empty exists. This situation has to be avoided otherwise wear will occur on the moving parts as these parts are not yet lubricated by oil.
What is a micron?
A micron is a thousandth of a millimetre or a millionth of a metre or.000039 of an inch. Micron is the unit of measure used to determinate the size of particles in a fluid which are filtered out by the filter.
What is the difference between Absolute and Nominal micron rating?
Why doesn't Cummins Filtration publish micron ratings for all its filters?
Generally this is not necessary. Cummins Filtration filters are designed to meet or exceed OEM specifications.


Why The Halloween Costume Marketplace is Growing
Another reason the Halloween costume industry is booming is because consumers are obtaining a little richer every year. Nowadays, there are more plus more opportunities to developed into a millionaire. The Internet makes it seems that the average adult to start selling items from a personal website and marketing them using Strategies or other internet networking techniques. And when consumers have more money, that only means one thing, they buy more stuff. And they're buying more Halloween outfit. They buy the costumes both by themselves and their children and kids.
Kids costumes always be traditional hot seller in the Halloween industry, kostým andělů and there is no lack of parents who annually come into Halloween stores looking for the perfect kid costume for their child. Since there's no shortage of customers, there's also no shortage of costumes. Stores sell all kinds of children's costumes, from cartoon characters to superheroes to religious figures.
Kid costumes moreover become popular because schools have programs that encourage children to come to college dressed-to-impress around Halloween. Schools usually have Halloween parades and afternoon Halloween parties. At the parties, kids usually enjoy cookies, cakes, along with sweet treats. And children come dressed on the hilt in every kids costume imagine. No one wants to be defeated.


text:
Latinized name of Gabriello Fallopio (_PHONE_) was an Italian anatomist who discovered the Fallopian tubes, which in mammals carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus.
He studied the anatomy of the brain, eyes, and reproductive organs, and gave the first accurate description of the inner ear.
Fallopius studied at Padua under Andreas Vesalius, and later taught there and at Ferrara and Pisa.
Why is Gabriele Falloppio famous?
Gabriele Falloppio was one of the most famous anatomists of the 16th century.
Gabriele Falloppio Lists
Submit your website/blog
- No related sites found. If you are the webmaster of a website, blog or forum that contains related information to this page, we invite you to submit it for inclusion here.
- Please add a link to our website before submitting your link(s).
- Your link will be validated by our editors in about 48 hours. Add your site here
- ( Scientists Archive)
Date Added: 25 February '12
Add a link to this page on any related website, blog or forum using this code :

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
An ancient quest for the perfect blue ended in a hot furnace in OSU's Department of Chemistry — totally by accident.
A blue pigment that is both safe and stable eluded the Egyptians, the Han Dynasty and the Mayans. The French developed cobalt blue in the 1800s, but it contains carcinogens. Prussian blue releases cyanide. Other pigments break down in hot or acidic conditions.
So when Professor Mas Subramanian walked through the materials science lab just as a student opened a white-hot furnace and laid eyes on manganese oxide samples being tested for electromagnetic properties, he stopped in his tracks. "They were blue—a very beautiful blue," says Subramanian. At nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, the manganese oxide ions restructure into an unusual "trigonal bipyramidal coordination."
The intense blue compound holds promise for a heatand acid-resistant pigment free of toxins. Many of its potential applications — inkjet printers and automobiles, for example — could never have been imagined by those earliest seekers of the perfect blue.


text:
Wahjudi, Stefani (2008) Types and functions of English taboo words used in Edmund White's A Boy's Own Story. Bachelor thesis, Petra Christian University.Full text not available from this repository.
Taboo words are generally offensive and considered inappropriate for being used in most occasions. However, people, although they were considered as well educated persons, still used taboo words in some occasions. This research attempted to find out the types and the functions of taboo words mostly used by the main character in this novel. In conducting this research, the writer used a qualitative-descriptive approach and she became the instrument that collected and analyzed the data from A Boy's Own Story novel. The writer analyzed the taboo words that were spoken by Edmund and his gay friends. In the analysis, the occurrences of taboo words can be classified based on the types such as (one's) mother in law, certain game animal, sex, death, excretory, bodily functions, anatomical and religious matters and also based on the functions such as create discredit, discredit, provoke violent confrontation, endearment, the create of strong personal identification and provide catharsis. The writer also analyzed the function of taboo words that was uttered by Edmund and his gay friends. After finishing the analysis, all the occurrences of taboo words were put into the prepared table based on the classification of types and functions criteria. In conclusion, the writer concluded that Edmund mostly used taboo words when he was talking to those who had intimate solidarity with him and in the informal setting. The taboo words used by Edmund mostly occurred when the conversations was talking about emotional pressures. Furthermore, the taboo words used by Edmund White were mostly functioned to discredit for reducing his emotional pressures and to endear for someone who had close relationship with him.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Bachelor)|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||taboo words, gay|
|Date Deposited:||23 Mar 2011 18:48|
|Last Modified:||02 May 2011 12:36|
Actions (login required)


text:
The Carmelite Third Order (Secular)
Some members of the Carmelite Third Order in Britain.
The Third Order is the branch of the Carmelite Order for lay people and
diocesan clergy who, by the profession of promises, make a formal and
public commitment to living the Carmelite way of life. Members of the
Third Order, or 'tertiaries', live the Carmelite charism
and practice the Evangelical Counsels
of poverty, chastity and obedience according to their personal state in life. It
has sometimes been said of these 'Tertiaries' or 'Lay Carmelites' that they are
'Carmelites who work from home"!
Members of the Third Order (recognisable by their 'profession scapulars')
A brief historical overview
gathered with Carmelite friars for prayer at Aylesford Priory
Since the earliest days of the Carmelites in medieval Europe, lay men and women have been attracted by the Order's spirituality, its particular'slant' on the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
From the thirteenth century onwards lay people became members of the Order through the profession of promises, or through membership of confraternities (brotherhoods) linked to Carmelite friaries (to read more about the history of laity in the Carmelite Family click here
Such groups and individuals laid the foundations for the more formal development of the Third Order (Secular) in the seventeenth century, an organisation of lay people - sometimes known as Tertiaries or Lay Carmelites - who follow the Carmelite way of living according to their own state in life, professing promises of obedience and chastity.
What does the term 'Third Order' mean?
The term 'Third Order' is not a hierarchical one, or an indication that the Lay Carmelite vocation is not as important as the 'First Order' of friars. The terminology simply indicates the historical order in which the groups developed. After the original Carmelite hermits the friars were organised as the 'First Order' (brothers, some of whom are priests). The 'Second Order' refers to the enclosed nuns. The 'Third Order Regular' refers to apostolic sisters working 'out in the world'. The 'Third Order Secular', or 'Secular Order', refers to those lay people and diocesan clergy who follow the Carmelite way of life in their own circumstances, having made profession of promises.
How do lay people live the Carmelite way of life?
Carmelite tertiaries come from a variety of professional and social backgrounds. After being received into the Order they continue to live in their own homes and work in the world, demonstrating their love of God through their love of family, colleague and neighbour.
Life as a Lay Carmelite is way of living in a spirit of true communion with the entire Family of Carmel into which we are fully accepted and incorporated. Members of the Third Order are not 'affiliates' or 'associates' of the Order, but fully-professed Carmelite brothers and sisters who share in the charism of Carmel.
Profession of the Evangelical Counsels as a tertiary is the fullest means for a lay person or diocesan cleric to belong to the Carmelite Order. Profession is a serious (but not sombre!) commitment. The purpose of making this commitment is to respond more deeply to one's baptismal calling to follow Jesus Christ.
Membership of the Third Order requires the cultivation of a deeper and constant conversion that seeks God in openness of heart and mind...
- in contemplative and prayerful reflection on Christ as he is revealed to us, especially in pondering the Scriptures
- by a sincere sense of community that extends to all and implies an active concern for issues of justice and peace in the world God has entrusted to our stewardship
- by faithful fulfilment of the will of God as it is manifested through the commitments arising from each member's individual state in life (such as obligations to family, employers, etc.).
Individuals and sometimes entire families are drawn to Lay Carmel.
The Third Order worlwide
The Third Order was formally organised for the first time in seventeenth-century Italy. Since then various Carmelite Third Order movements have developed in different parts of the world, some on a small scale and others very large. Most provinces (national or cultural regions) of the Order today have a Third Order presence.
The Second Vatican Council gave new energy to the Third Order, with the Church's emphasis on the vocation of the laity, and a call for religious orders to return to their roots (which, in the case of Carmel, meant rediscovering the important place of the laity). As the notion of Carmelite Family
developed from the 1970s onwards, so has the significance of the Third Order.
Today the Third Order is numerically the largest group within the Carmelite Family
(after the less formal bonds of those who belong to the Brown Scapular Confraternity
In 2007 Saint George Preca
became the first member of the Carmelite Third Order to have his holiness formally recognised by the Church through a decree of canonisation. The sanctity of other holy men and women of the Third Order is being considered by the Holy See, and popular Carmelite tradition reveres a number of lay people associated with the Order over the centuries, such as Blessed Joan of Toulouse.
The Third Order in Britain
Although there were many forms of
connection between Carmelite religious and lay people in medieval
Britain, there was no formal 'Third Order' at the time of the
Reformation when the Carmelites and other religious orders were dissolved.
Various individual and isolated Lay Carmelites may have been in the
country from the seventeenth century onwards. The Third Order became
very active in Ireland in the nineteenth century.
When the Carmelite
friars (of the Ancient Observance) returned to Britain in the early
twentieth century, they were keen to encourage the Lay Carmelite
vocation and established a number of Third Order Chapters (lay communities)
across the country. A lot of our existing lay communities were established in the 1950s and 60s.
In the 1990s a process of spiritual renewal and organisational revival began within the Third
Order in the British Province, and today the Third Order is flourishing
in Britain. A full programme of initial formation is now
offered to potential candidates, along with opportunities for prayer, community-building and service.
From 2006 members of the Third Order began to develop Carmelite Spirituality Groups
as a new form of Lay Carmelite community that incorporates both tertiaries and others inspired by Carmel.
Lay Carmelite communities (Third Order Chapters
and Carmelite Spirituality Groups
) are growing across England, Wales
As of 2012 there are approximately 800 members of the
Carmelite Third Order in Britain, linked to over twenty Chapters and
Carmelite Spirituality Groups.
Members of the Carmelite Third Order gathered at Aylesford Priory in 2011.


Which Countries are Most Similar to United Arab Emirates?
Have you ever wondered how similar or different two countries are? The Country Similarity Index attempts to quantify how similar countries are to each other relative to other countries. The index is a statistically-based objective way to measure this. The index weights equally five major aspects of countries: their demographics, culture, politics, technology, and geography. In addition each aspect was roughly balanced evenly between quantity/percentage and quality/type. See this post for a full explanation: _URL_
Similar to countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council
The top 5 countries most similar to the United Arab Emirates are all part of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The GCC is similar to the European Union in that people and goods are allowed to flow freely between their countries (although this is not the case for Qatar since 2017). Furthermore, while these countries do not have a shared currency, all of their currencies have a fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. They are also all monarchies and are some of the richest Arab countries.
Top 10 Places Most Similar to the United Arab Emirates
 1. Qatar is another country on the Persian Gulf Coast that was once a British protectorate. Both countries are highly developed and have a massive amount of male immigrants, especially from India. However, political relations between the United Arab Emirates and Qatar have broken down recently. The UAE government has even banned travel to it. Despite this, these countries have an incredibly high degree of similarity.
 2. Bahrain is an island in the Persian Gulf, near Qatar. It is also quite similar to the UAE. One difference is that most Bahrainis are Shi'tes, not Sunnis. The country also has less immigrants than those countries.
 3. Kuwait is a small oil-rich country between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Like Bahrain, it has many Shi'ites, although they are not the majority. It relies more on oil than gas to generate electricity, unlike the other countries on this list.
 4. Oman is located to the south of the United Arab Emirates. It is more conservative than the UAE and has less tourists. In stark contrast to other countries on this list, it does not have any skyscrapers. In fact, they are illegal. Furthermore, most of its people are Ibadis, not Sunnis.
 5. Saudi Arabia is another oil-rich Muslim country with a high level of development. However, UAE is far more cosmopolitan than Saudi Arabia. Its laws are more liberal and nearly 90% of its inhabitants are immigrants. In addition, UAE is much more densely populated.
 6. Jordan, 7. Egypt, 8. Iraq, 9. Libya, 10. Lebanon
Top 10 Places Least Similar to the United Arab Emirates
 1. Burundi is a densely populated, landlocked African country. It was a colony of Belgium, before becoming independent. So it is mostly Catholic and one of its official languages is French. It is one of the poorest countries in the world, in contrast to the UAE.
 2. Papua New Guinea is a tropical Christian country in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast to the deserts of UAE, it is one of the wettest countries on Earth. While UAE is highly developed, Papua New Guinea has little infrastructure. Like Burundi, it is also a Christian country, but it is mostly Protestant. One similarity is that it both were controlled by Britain.
 3. Lesotho is another poor Christian country on this list. It is completely surrounded by South Africa. Although both countries are monarchies, Lesotho's monarch only has ceremonial powers and the government is mostly democratic.
 4. Mozambique is a tropical country, next to Malawi. It was a colony of Portugal before its independence. Although it is mostly Christian, it has the highest percentage of Muslims on this list with around 20%. Its technology is also far different from UAE, since it drives on the left, has different electrical outlets, and uses a different train gauge.
 5. Democratic Republic of Congo, like Burundi, is another former Belgian colony that is extremely poor. In contrast to UAE, a vast majority of its land is forested. In addition, it also has little demographic or cultural similarity to UAE as well.
 6. Madagascar, 7. East Timor, 8. Haiti, 9. Rwanda, 10. Malawi
 Full Ranking of Countries and Territories Most Similar to the United Arab Emirates
Do you agree with the list?
Please leave any thoughts in the comments section.
Leave a Reply
WordPress.com Logo
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s


Jody Zellen: Visual Chaos
 - ©2001, Jody Zellen
 Visual Chaos
Creation Year:
 Web Site
Artist Statement:
 "Visual Chaos" is a short Web work that explores the idea of chaos on the Web. In "Visual Chaos" I created a number of moving windows, as well as windows that appeared in specific places on the screen. I wanted there to be a screen filled with little windows, all doing their own thing. I also used a clickable list to create a poem. Each word is a link that opens a new window. You can read the poem a number of ways. Contained within "Visual Chaos" are a number of flash movies that use historical images of Los Angeles as source material, adding current images and texts as animations to explore the relationship between the past and the present, as well as the ancient, the modern, and the future city.
 "Visual Chaos" uses the space of the Web as a sculptural space, allowing viewers to interact with animated graphics to delve deeper and deeper into an imaginary city. The images are culled from various print media sources. The texts are either found passages from urban theory or specifically written poetic musings on the city. The site explores ideas relating to an abstracted idea of the city. The images depict shadows and bodies. It explores the ideas of being swallowed by the city. In "Visual Chaos" I explore grids as a metaphor for the many different paths one can journey down in the modern metropolis. One of the things I am interested in is to counter the use of the Web solely as a source of information.


Short: Password manager utility Author: Mike Steed Uploader: 72207 463 compuserve com (Mike Steed) Type: util/misc Version: 1.01 Requires: MUI >= 3.9; MCC_TextEditor; 68k >= 68020 Architecture: m68k-amigaos >= 3.0; ppc-amigaos >= 4.0 Introduction ============ PassPocket is a password manager for the Amiga. It stores all your different user names, passwords, and associated website addresses in a single database, encrypted with a single master password. Now you only need to remember that one password, so you can make all the other passwords as long and unmnemonic as the security experts recommend, have as many of them as you need for all those websites where you have to register but rarely visit, and change them as often as advised, without the hassle of trying to keep track of them all. PassPocket also makes it easy to use the contents of the database. It acts as an Amiga commodity, running invisibly in the background and called to life by programmable hotkeys. Just use a hotkey to open a listing of the database and select the site you want to visit. Then use the other hotkeys to enter the website address, user name, and password into a web browser or other program just as if you'd typed them. Features ======== o Supports up to nine different databases, so each member of the family can have their own, or you can have one for work and one for personal use. Just enter the appropriate master password, and PassPocket opens the corresponding database. o Databases are encrypted with the Twofish encryption algorithm, using master passwords of up to 16 characters (128 bits). o Databases can hold an unlimited number of entries. In addition to the user name, password, and website address, you can enter short notes pertaining to the site. o As a commodity it's completely integrated into the OS, so it will work with any programno hacks or patches are required. There is no need to paste data from the clipboard, as on other platforms. o Uses MUI for its user interface, and can open on any public screen for easy integration with web browsers or other applications. o A secure password generator is provided, to easily create a never-ending series of random passwords if you get tired of inventing your own. The generator may be configured according to the password requirements of each different website. o Databases may be exported to and imported from comma separated value (CSV) files in the format used by the open-source KeePass password manager. This allows databases to be synchronized with password managers on other platforms such as Windows. o Databases may be automatically backed up when saved, even to a different storage device for maximum safety. o Databases may be printed out to create a hard copy. o Databases may be automatically closed after a period of non-use, to prevent unauthorized usage. o Though malware is largely nonexistent on the Amiga, steps are nonetheless taken to prevent other programs from snooping on passwords stored in RAM while the program is running. o It's localized, so it may be adapted to use languages other than English. Support for German is currently provided. What's New in v. 1.01 ===================== No functional changes have been made to the PassPocket program itself, but some user contributions that enhance the program have been added. o Support for the German language is included, courtesy of Helmut Haake. He provided a German catalog for the program, and translated the guide into German. o A set of alternate icons designed for different versions of the Amiga OS was provided by >>>IconDesigner<<<. o A change was made to the built-in English language text to correct a minor cosmetic flaw discovered during testing of the German translation. Requirements ============ Two versions of PassPocket are included. The PPC version is targeted to AmigaOS 4. The 68K version (68020 or better) is targeted to AmigaOS 3, but should also run under emulation on MorphOS and AROS. MUI 3.9 or better is required, as is a recent version of the MCC_TextEditor MUI class. Some images from AISS will be used if available, but AISS is not required. Source Code =========== PassPocket is open source. The source code is included, and PassPocket has been designed to facilitate porting to other Amiga variants.


text:
Babka bread may have originated with Eastern European Jews, or it may be a distant relative of Italian pannetone. The exact origins of babka bread are unknown.
Babka bread may have originated in Poland or Ukraine. One theory poses that it used to be part of an ancient fertility ritual as part of the matriarchal system. This type of rolled, filled bread is especially popular in Russia, Belarus, the Baltics, Poland and Ukraine. The name "babka" is related to "babcia," the Slavic word for grandmother. One theory is that the traditional Polish pan used for baking babka resembles the pleats on an old woman's skirt. Another theory about the name is that grandmothers were the primary bakers of the dish.
Another theory claims that babka actually originated in Italy, where it's seen as a "Russified" version of Italian pannetone bread. Possibly Queen Bona Sforza brought the tradition with her to Poland in the 16th century. The idea that babka originated in Italy is supported by the inclusion of chocolate in some versions. Jewish people became chocolatiers in Italy, and they brought the tradition with them when they fled the Spanish Inquisition in the 15th century.
Babka was once much larger than the current version. In the early 19th century, Polish bakers began using egg challah dough to make a dessert spread with jam, cinnamon or raisins, which formed the basis of the modern babka bread.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Letter to the Editor
Effects of dust on light-curves of ϵ Aurigae-type stars
Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 05960 Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic
Received: 23 May 2011
Accepted: 15 July 2011
Context.ϵ Auriga is one of the most mysterious objects in the sky. Previous modeling of its light-curve assumed a dark, inclined, non-transparent or semi-transparent dusty disk with a central hole. The hole was necessary to explain the light-curve with a sharp mid-eclipse brightening.
Aims. The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of dust on the light-curves of eclipsing binary stars and to develop an alternative physical model for ϵ Aur-type objects that is based on the optical properties of dust grains.
Methods. The code Shellspec was modified to calculate the light-curves and spectra of these objects. The code solves the radiative transfer along the line of sight in interacting binaries. Dust and angle-dependent Mie scattering were included in the code for this purpose.
Results. Our model of ϵ Aur consists of two geometrically thick flared disks: an internal optically thick disk and an external optically thin disk, which absorbs and scatters radiation. Disks are in the orbital plane and are almost edge-on. We argue that there is no need for a highly inclined disk with a hole to explain the current eclipse of ϵ Aur even if there is a possible shallow mid-eclipse brightening. We demonstrate that phase-dependent light scattering and the optical properties of the dust can have a significant effect on the light-curves of these stars and can even produce a mid-eclipse brightening. This is a natural consequence of the strong forward scattering. We also demonstrate that shallow mid-eclipse brightening might result from eclipses by nearly edge-on flared (dusty or gaseous) disks.
Key words: accretion, accretion disks / scattering / binaries: eclipsing / circumstellar matter / stars: individual:ϵAur
© ESO, 2011


Pivotal response treatment for autism spectrum disorder: current perspectives
Jiedi Lei, Pamela Ventola
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
7 Citations (Scopus)
Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is an evidence-based behavioral intervention based on applied behavior analysis principles aimed to improve social communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PRT adopts a more naturalistic approach and focuses on using a number of strategies to help increase children's motivation during intervention. Since its conceptualization, PRT has received much empirical support for eliciting therapeutic gains in greater use of functional social communication skills in individuals with ASD. Building upon the empirical evidence supporting PRT, recent advancements have increasingly turned to using interdisciplinary research integrating neuroimaging techniques and behavioral measures to help identify objective biomarkers of treatment, which have two primary purposes. First, neuroimaging results can help characterize how PRT may elicit change, and facilitate partitioning of the heterogeneous profiles of neural mechanisms underlying similar profile of behavioral changes observed over PRT. Second, neuroimaging provides an objective means to both map and track how biomarkers may serve as reliable and sensitive predictors of responder profiles to PRT, assisting clinicians to identify who will most likely benefit from PRT. Together, a better understanding of both mechanisms of change and predictors of responder profile will help PRT to serve as a more precise and targeted intervention for individuals with ASD, thus moving towards the goal of precision medicine and improving quality of care. This review focuses on the recent emerging neuroimaging evidences supporting PRT, offering current perspectives on the importance of interdisciplinary research to help clinicians better understand how PRT works and predict who will respond to PRT.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1613-1626
Number of pages14
JournalNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
Publication statusPublished - 20 Jun 2017
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Pivotal response treatment for autism spectrum disorder: current perspectives'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Provided by Networx.com
The cold month of February is the time to start seeds, and to start preparing planters for your container plants. Building cute and functional planters is a way to make the best of chilly days spent indoors. Whether you are planting annuals in a window box, or vegetables in a vertical garden, there are so many awesome ways to make cheap, environmentally friendly planters that don't require you to be a professional carpenter in order to make them.
For totally low budget planters, think old two liter soda bottles or plastic milk jugs. Large plastic bottles or jugs can simply be washed thoroughly and cut in half. Drill holes in the bottom for drainage, and fill with potting soil. This is a super cheap DIY planter solution, although it is not perhaps the most aesthetically pleasing. An advantage to it is that it's easy to hang upcycled plastic bottle or jug planters from railings. Urban gardeners, who only have access to a fire escape, can utilize the outer and inner sides of their fire escape raiings by affixing these planters at alternating heights, to essentially make a vertical garden.
Pickle buckets are awesome as DIY planters. Grocery stores and restaurants receive bulk pickles in four or five gallon buckets. Sometimes they return them to the distributor, but sometimes they throw the pickle buckets out. When in doubt as to whether a stack of pickle buckets behind a store or cafe is waiting to be picked up by the garbage collector or the distributor, do the right thing and ask the store's manager. When you are sure that the pickle buckets are destined for the dump or the recycling facility, then grab a few and use them as planters. You can make self-watering planters from pickle buckets, or you can drill drainage holes into the bottoms. You can grow quite a lot of food in a pickle bucket.
Large cans are another awesome free DIY planter idea. While small supermarket-sized vegetable cans don't have enough room for a plant with a substantial root ball to grow, industrial sized cans are a sure bet. Check the garbage (dumpster diving!) of cafes. If you are on friendly terms with your office cafeteria workers, or your local barista, or the waitress at your local diner, don't be afraid to ask them for large cans from the kitchen. They very well might be able to locate a few that are headed to the garbage. Poke drainage holes into the bottom of the can with a hammer and a nail. Smaller cans are great for starting seedlings or small transplants in.
Not everyone has one of these hanging around, but they're perfect containers for a garden. Large troughs or barrels give you plenty of room to plant bigger crops. Scour yard sales and local flea markets for plastic, wood, or galvanized metal tubs. Planting in troughs is an excellent way to grow pounds of food in a tiny garden.
You can also make a hanging planter from an old tire. If you're handy, do as blogger Pamela, a DIY painter in Schenectady, from Pink Hammers and Sippy Cups did. The project involves cleaning, cutting, and painting an old tire. The result is a sturdy planter that looks a bit like a flower. It can be suspended as a hanging planter, or it can be placed on the ground.
What's your favorite way to make your own planters? Have you figured out an amazing and awesome, cheap DIY planter solution. Please tell us in the comments!
Chaya Kurtz writes for Networx.com.View original post.


text:
What you Need
What to do
Hold the rubber band firmly at each end.
Touch it to your lips, and remember its temperature.
Move it away slightly and stretch it as far as it will comfortably go.
Touch it to your lips again.
Hold it stretched for a few seconds, then allow it to shrink back to its normal size again.
Feel the temperature again.
Is there any difference?
What may happen
You should find that the rubber band gets slightly warmer when you stretch it, and then slightly cooler as it shrinks again.
Why does it happen?
Rubber contains millions of randomly coiled long molecules called polymers, which are each made of shorter molecules known as monomers. At certain points the long polymer chains are joined together or crosslinked, but they are otherwise free to move around or vibrate owing to the heat energy in the structure.
When you stretch a piece of rubber the coiled molecules are pulled straight; when you let go again they move around at random through thermal vibrations, which restore them to their more compact coiled configuration.
So why does an elastic band become hotter when you stretch it and colder when it shrinks?
When you stretch the rubber band you are adding energy to the rubber, which causes it to vibrate more strongly and this makes it hotter. Then, when you let go, the rubber molecules must do work to pull the polymer chains back into their compact configuration; since this process uses energy, the eleastic band must have less energy after it has shrunk and therefore it becomes colder.
Below is a simple computer model of a small rubber molecule. You can drag the green end around and see what happens to the average energy and therefore the temperature of the molecule.
Part of the show Clothed Questions - Naked Answers from the 4th May 2008


Converting between Celsius and Kelvin
Return to KMT & Gas Laws Menu
There are not any high school level gas law problems that the ChemTeam is aware of that use the Celsius temperature directly in the calculation.
If you have a Celsius temperature in the problem, you MUST change it to Kelvin, in order to use it in your problem.
Sometimes your teacher might put a temperature in the problem, but you really don't need to use it. Your teacher is doing what he or she is driven to do: confuse poor teenage kids. The ChemTeam understands this fully for, you see, this is what happened in his class. (The ChemTeam is retired now.) All teachers know this is really fun! OK, back to work.
You can convert between Celsius and Kelvin like this: Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15. Often, the value of 273 is used instead of 273.15. Check with your teacher on this point. All examples to follow will use 273.
A point before going on to some problems: very often in gas law problems it looks like significant figure rules are being violated. The reality is that they are not. In reality, the significant figure concept is more complex than the simple rules taught at this level.
However, having said that, be careful to watch your teacher's actions in class and ask what the rules are in your class. If I am saying something different than what your teacher wants you to do, please don't use this phrase: "Well, there's some guy on the Internet who says you're wrong."
Last point: never, ever, use a degree sign on Kelvins. Do not do this: °K. This is what is know as an 'idiot indictor.' You do that and your study partner will say "Didn't you lean anything in high school? You're an idiot." The ChemTeam will remain silent as to the reasons.
Also, never say 'degrees Kelvin.' This value: 225 K is said "two hundred twenty five Kelvins." Please trust the ChemTeam on these points.
Example #1: convert 25.0 °C to Kelvin.
Answer: 25.0 + 273 = 298.0
Essentially the 273 is being treated as 273.0
Everybody (except you!) in chemistry knows the true conversion value is 273.15, but the decimal portion is usually ignored. Also, the most common type of thermometer in high school labs is readable to the nearest tenth. So temperatures are usually written just to the tenth place at this introductory level
The ChemTeam occasionally had a student who insisted on using 273.15. You may be the same. However, be careful on this. You may do a calculation on a test (or a web-based assignment) using 273.15 and the answer was done with 273. That difference may generate a value for your answer that causes a deduction of points. Follow the policy your classroom teacher sets down.
Example #2: convert 375 K to degrees Celsius.
Answer: 375 − 273 = 102 °C
Example #3: Convert −50 °C to Kelvin. (That's a minus 50.)
Answer: −50 plus 273 = 223 K
Here are some temperature conversion problems (no answers provided):
1. What temperature scale must always be used when working gas law problems? __________
2. The boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale is __________.
3. 0 K is also known as __________.
4. 40.0 °C is what temperature on the Kelvin scale?
5. -20.0 °C is what temperature on the Kelvin scale?
6. 298 K is what temperature in degrees Celsius?
7. What is the temperature (give in both °C and K) at STP?
8. Convert -145.0 °C to K
9. Convert 20.0 °C to K
10. Convert 252 K to °C
Return to KMT & Gas Laws Menu


text:
Prince of Wales Hotel National Historic Site
The Prince of Wales Hotel National Historic Site © Parks Canada
Built in 1926-27 during one of Waterton's windiest and snowiest winters, the Prince of Wales Hotel is the park's most recognized landmark.
During its construction the extreme weather conditions and poor access created many problems for contractors Douglas Oland and James Scott, from Cardston, Alberta.
On December 10, 1926 hurricane-force winds (estimated at 145 km/hr) blew each of the hotel's wings about 7.5 cm off their foundation. The men managed to winch the sections back in line. Three months later winds reached speeds of over 129 km/hr, again pushing the building off its foundation. This time Oland feared structural damage if they tried to pull back the now fully-framed building so he decided to leave it slightly out of plumb.
The hotel is named after Edward, Prince of Wales who later became King Edward VIII, and, like its namesake, it has a colourful history. If its Douglas fir pillars could talk they would tell you a tale of American imagination and money, built with Canadian grit and patience.
A Railway Hotel
Today many people recognize the Prince of Wales as a railway hotel, but few realize it was built by the Great Northern of United States and not the Canadian Pacific.
The last in a chain of 1920s luxury hotels, backcountry chalets and tent camps, the Prince of Wales offered a final stop for affluent visitors travelling Glacier National Park's backcountry by horseback.
For just over $1,000 you could ride the train to either East or West Glacier and then enjoy a week's adventure in the wilderness via several routes created by the Great Northern. After 1927, many folks chose to go to Goat Haunt's backcountry ranger station and hop aboard the M.V. International to come to Waterton. After a stay at the Prince of Wales hotel, guests were bussed back to Montana to catch their train home.
The Second World War and the 1930s depression put an end to this mode of travel through Glacier and into Waterton but many of the hotels and two of the chalets remain.
A National Historic Site
In February 1993 the Historic Sites and Monuments Board approved the Prince of Wales' designation as a National Historic Site, recognizing its architectural style (rustic design tradition, with peaked roofs, gables, balconies and timber-frame interior that give it an appearance of a giant alpine chalet) and its contribution to tourism in the mountains. On July 23, 1995 a commemorative plaque ceremony was held at the hotel.
More information on the Prince of Wales National Historic Site


text:
Catwalk against cruelty in fashion is no news these days, as many an activist organization has been trying hard to check cruelty towards animals in the name of fashion. A similar fashion show was organized by Greenpeace UK to draw attention to Brazilian leather and its inadvertent role in the destruction of Amazon rainforests.
The show was conducted outside the famous Linea Pelle leather trade show in Bologna, Italy. The models wore clothes made of organic fibers and recycled materials, which represented alternatives to genuine leather. The boards on the fashion show read 'Save your Skin' and 'Save your Leather'.
Greenpeace feels that cattle ranching is responsible for 80% of deforestation in Brazil. This became a reason why most Brazilian leather likely originates from devastated rainforests. Green peace released a new report, Broken Promises along with the fashion show.
The Brazilian cattle industry's ties with illegal deforestation in the Amazon, slave labor and invasion of indigenous lands have been detailed too. JBS/Friboi, Minerva and Marfrig, the three leading leather manufacturing companies of Brazil have entered into a pledge to boycott cattle from ranches that have been deforested or situated on indigenous lands in 2009. But a follow-up investigation proved that JBS still uses the suppliers who are not honoring the agreement.
Greenpeace selected the fashion industry as the best way through which they can protest against the deforestation of Amazon rainforest. But they alone cannot stop the invasion of giant leather manufacturing companies.
Greenpeace, through this peaceful protest, raised the issue before the public more effectively. They hope that this could make JBS and other companies stick to their agreement and to save Amazon rainforests from destruction. Do you agree too?
Did you like this? Share it:
Tags: Amazon, deforestation, Greenpeace, leather


Pear-shaped nuclei discovery challenges time travel hopes
By Kenneth Macdonald
BBC Scotland Science Correspondent
image copyrightCERN
image captionThe pear shape was first discovered in the nucleus of the isotope Radium-224
Scottish-based scientists have discovered that the nuclei of some atoms are not symmetrical.
The finding challenges some of the fundamental concepts of physics.
It could explain why there is more matter than antimatter - but it may also end hopes of time travel.
The Universe has a fundamental problem. Why is there so much stuff in it?
Think back to the Big Bang. That's a bit of a stretch, admittedly. It was getting on for 14 billion years ago.
The Big Bang is the prevailing theory about how everything we know began. The theory states that the Bang created equal amounts of matter and antimatter.
image copyrightCERN
image captionDr Scheck will lead a team carrying our further wort at the ISOLDE facility at CERN
And that's where the Universe's problem begins.
You might expect those equal amounts of matter and antimatter to have cancelled each other out. Their masses would have been transformed into energy, leaving something akin to a warm glow and nothing else.
But as I'm sure you've noticed, that hasn't happened. Everything around us consists of matter: my keyboard, your home, the planet on which we stand, interstellar dust, other galaxies.
Where is all the antimatter?
Scientists at the University of the West of Scotland (UWS) think they can point to the reason. Although it could mean the textbooks will need a rewrite.
Most of the fundamental theories of physics are based on symmetry. That symmetry dictates, among other things, that the nuclei of atoms can be one of just three shapes: spherical, discus or rugby ball.
But Dr Marcus Scheck at UWS and Professor Peter A Butler of the University of Liverpool have discovered a fourth form of nucleus.
It's pear-shaped.
They first discovered the pear shape in the nucleus of the isotope Radium-224. It was part of an international effort that also involved researchers from the United States, France, Germany, Belgium, Finland, Switzerland, Spain, Poland and Sweden.
image captionDr Who may be interested in the findings and its implications for time travel
The finding has since been confirmed in a second study, this time of the nucleus of Barium-144. The study also involved Dr Scheck and was led by Ching-Yen Yu from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.
Dr Scheck says the pear shape shouldn't be there, according to the currently-accepted model of physics.
He says: "Further, the protons enrich in the bump of the pear and create a specific charge distribution in the nucleus.
Direction in time
In other words, a pear-shaped nucleus points to why our Universe contains so much more matter than antimatter.
But that's not all it points to.
So time travel would appear to be a non-starter.
Dr Scheck will now lead a team to repeat the experiment. They'll be doing it at the Isotope Separator On Line Detector (ISOLDE) facility at CERN in Switzerland.
ISOLDE can produce Barium-144 nuclei in huge amounts. That will come in handy because the initial measurements suggested the nuclei were even more pear shaped than had been expected.
The research gives us a deeper insight into where - and why - we are.
Although if time really can only travel in one direction, it's bad news for Doctor Who.
Related Topics
Related Internet Links
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.


The observer pattern regulates communication between an object (called a subject) and other objects (observers) that want to react to changes in the subject. Instead of checking periodically for changes, observers register their interest with the subject and are notified about the changes with some callback or messaging mechanism.
If you subscribe to a magazine, you don't go to the publisher every day to check if a new edition is ready. Rather, you wait until the publisher sends you each issue.
This Gang of Four pattern is a basic part in distributed event handling systems. For example, a Model-View-Controller architectural pattern is always implemented with some application of the observer pattern.
The Live Binding mechanism that's...


text:
Definitions of comical
a. - Relating to comedy.
a. - Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story.
The word "comical" uses 7 letters: A C C I L M O.
No direct anagrams for comical found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after comical (in bold), or to accilmo in any order:
s - cosmical x - cacomixl
Shorter words found within comical:
acmic ai ail aim al am ami calico calm calo cam ciao claim clam coal coca coil col cola colic coma comal comic la lac laic lam li lima limo lo loam loca loci ma mac mail malic mi mica mil milo mo moa moc moil mol mola oca oil om
List shorter words within comical, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in comical, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with comical, words containing comical or words ending with comical
All words formed from comical by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: co om mi ic ca al
Browse words starting with comical by next letter
Previous word in list: comic
Next word in list: comicalities
Some random words: duad


text:
Decoding the receptors and ion channels that control sensory reception and animal behavior
A central question in neurobiology is how animal behavior and decision making is controlled by the environment. Using molecular genetic, electrophysiological, biochemical and cell biological approaches in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, our laboratory is defining the receptors and ion channels that sense the outside world, and impact on decisions ranging from food selection to choosing the ideal thermal landscape, mate selection and others. One of the key sensory receptors that we are characterizing are TRP channels, which in one animal or another responds to virtually all types of sensory inputs and impacts on a wide range of behaviors. We are also deciphering polymodal sensory roles of gustatory receptors and ionotropic receptors, and defining the behaviors that they control. We are unraveling multiple light-independent roles for rhodopsins, and posit that their ancient roles were in chemosensation rather than light sensation. Most recently, we have started developing a variety of strategies to control the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, which spreads Dengue, Zika and other diseases.


text:
The influence of the academic conservation biology literature on endangered species recovery planning
Despite the volume of the academic conservation biology literature, there is little evidence as to what effect this work is having on endangered species recovery efforts. Using data collected from a national review of 136 endangered and threatened species recovery plans, we evaluated whether recovery plans were changing in response to publication trends in four areas of the academic conservation biology literature: metapopulation dynamics, population viability analysis, conservation corridors, and conservation genetics. We detected several changes in recovery plans in apparent response to publication trends in these areas (e.g., the number of tasks designed to promote the recovery of an endangered species shifted, although these tasks were rarely assigned a high priority). Our results indicate that, although the content of endangered species recovery plans changes in response to the literature, results are not uniform across all topics. We suggest that academic conservation biologists need to address the relative importance of each topic for conservation practice in different settings.
Stinchcombe, J; Moyle, LC; Hudgens, BR; Bloch, PL; Chinnadurai, S; Morris, WF
Volume / Issue
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)


text: © EURE. One of the most controversial aspects of the debate on urban sustainability is to what extent the overall environmental impact of cities is determined by its shape and spatial structure. Compact City Approach defenders argue that people living in the densest and central areas of large cities have a low environmental impact. Residential density and distance to the Central Business District (cbd) are the most common indicators proposed to capture urban spatial structure of cities. In this paper we estimate the ecological footprint of residential energy consumption, commuting and leisure purposes mobility from 475 surveys conducted in Concepción Metropolitan Area (Chile). After controlling for potential endogeneity problems and taken into account the socioeconomic aspects that may affect the value of the Ecological Footprint, residential density does not exercise significant influence, so compactness policies could prove ineffective. The results rule out that this result is due to the existence of compensatory behaviors that result in abnormally high mobility for leisure purposes in denser areas. Income is the main element explaining the observed variability in footprint values.


Possession of a Controlled Substance in West Virginia
All states regulate the possession of controlled dangerous substances (CDS), though each differs in its exact definition of CDS and the penalties for illegal possession. West Virginia classifies not only well-known drugs like marijuana, heroin, and cocaine as CDS, but also the compounds used to manufacture them.
This article discusses the illegal possession of CDS for personal use only. Illegally making or selling CDS carries different penalties. For more information on illegal CDS manufacture and sale, see Sale of Controlled Substances in West Virginia.
Also, while marijuana is considered a CDS, this article does not cover West Virginia's marijuana possession and sale laws. To learn more about that topic, see West Virginia Marijuana Laws.
How West Virginia Classifies CDS
West Virginia divides CDS into five "Schedules". Schedule I lists the most dangerous drugs, which have a high probability of abuse and addiction, and no recognized medical value. Schedules II, III, IV, and V decrease in dangerousness and probability of abuse, and increase in recognized medical uses. (W.V. Ann. Code § 60A-2-204, -206, -208, -210, & -212.)
Penalties for Possessing CDS
It is illegal in West Virginia to possess CDS without a valid medical prescription. (W.V. Ann. Code § 60A-4-401, & -407.)
First offenses
A defendant charged with CDS possession who has no prior drug convictions in West Virginia, any other state, or federally is entitled to a "conditional discharge." This means that, without entering a judgment, the judge will defer the court proceedings, and place the defendant on probation with terms and conditions. If the defendant fulfills these terms and conditions, the judge will discharge the defendant, and dismiss the proceedings. Six months after a successful discharge and dismissal, the defendant may apply to the judge to expunge the record of the defendant's arrest and trial. The judge is required to grant an expungement if the defendant has committed no further violations during the six months following the probation period.
For more information about expunging your CDS possession record, see Expunging a Criminal Record in West Virginia.
Because each person is entitled to only one conditional discharge, courts will need access to the record of the dismissed case. Even after discharge, dismissal, and expungement, a confidential record will remain on file for court officials and prosecutors.
If the defendant violates the terms and conditions of the probation, the judge will proceed with a trial. Penalties include a fine of up to $1,000, at least 90 days (and up to six months) in jail, or both.
Second and subsequent offenses
Second and subsequent offenses proceed directly to trial, and harsher fines and penalties may apply.
Talk to an Attorney
Talk to a Lawyer
Start here to find criminal defense lawyers near you.
How it Works
 1. Briefly tell us about your case
 2. Provide your contact information
 3. Choose attorneys to contact you
Talk to a Defense attorney
We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today.
How It Works
 1. Briefly tell us about your case
 2. Provide your contact information
 3. Choose attorneys to contact you


Southdown's June Star Student Award recipients are an exceptional group of boys and girls.
Southdown Closes Year by Honoring its Stars
June 30, 2021
As the school year drew to a close, Southdown Primary School faculty and staff members wanted to present a final round of Star Student Awards before everyone headed for the exits and summer vacation.
The last Southdown Splash Assembly, which once again was held in a virtual format, recognized some really outstanding youngsters. Principal Scott Oshrin was excited to announce the names of the award recipients. A short assembly video was piped into classrooms and available to those who were participating in a distance learning program.
The honorees include:
Universal Pre-Kindergarten: Autumn Stancil-Moore, Brianna Uzho; Kindergarten: Tayla Quin, Anthius Vanbrakle, Ashley Hernandez Velasquez, Alexander Zavala Nunez, Jake Bradshaw, Angel Rodriguez Rodriguez, Bella Coppinger, Jay Fuentez; First Grade: Justin Banegas Galdamez, Kaileen Silva, Jadyn Adam, Harrison Weston, Addison King, Nancy Yanes Ulloa, Valerie Morales Campos, Ashley Flores Canales, Katherine Sorto Lopez, Genesis Velasquez Aguilar; Second Grade: Kimberly Gonzalez, Michael "Mikey" Spagnoletti, Amora Ingram, Andy Velasquez Arevalo, Mileidy DePaz Cruz, Eddyll Jaco Oliva, Theodore Fischer, Evangeline Pearce; Third Grade: Ashley Avalos Cedillos, Stephen Pagan, William Duenas, Luis Ponce Reyes, Hazzell Perez Argueta, Jeremy Godoy Calderon
Two Southdown students were selected from every class in the building for formal recognition at the "splash" assembly. The school considers these youngsters to be its stars of the month. Teacher Theresa Duffy was June's faculty award recipient in recognition of everything she does around the building.
Mr. Oshrin announced the names of each award winner. The virtual assembly was held during the regular school day so that students in school and at home could view the proceedings simultaneously. Click on this link to view the short film:
Every Splash Assembly has a special focus that highlights an important educational component. During last week's program teacher Pamela Schwarting discussed being safe and having fun this summer. Everything from wearing sun block to reading good books was covered during the short session.
The phrase Splash Assembly is a takeoff on the school's mascot, which is a dolphin, an aquatic mammal that's known for flipping around in the water and splashing anyone nearby. Think 1960's television show Flipper.


How do you really pronounce Audi?
How is Porsche pronounced?
How is BMW pronounced?
Since 'BMW' is just a three-letter word, people tend to pronounce it in the English version – 'bee em double yoo'. However, being a German brand, the English pronunciation isn't valid for the brand name. Thus, the absolutely authentic pronunciation is 'bee em vee'.
What is the spelling of Audi car?
Audi. One of the most renowned luxury car manufacturer across the globe, Audi is a German car manufacturer, hence its name has a certain German touch to it. While we try to speak it in English as 'aw-di', it's actually pronounced as 'oww-dee'. Confused, well say it as if you are hurt – 'oww-dee'.


text:
The AJP will offer a fresh approach that respects flying foxes and bats for their intrinsic worth and will help provide and maintain their basic needs, instead of seeing them as 'pests'.
1. To address misinformation focusing on bats as dangerous pests to be culled or relocated. A positive image should be promoted focusing on bats' irreplaceable ecological benefits.
2. To outlaw the killing of flying foxes including by landholders for damage mitigation (whether deliberately by shooting and electrocution or from being entangled in nets).
3. To increase flying fox habitat.
4. To require the use of wildlife friendly netting or other non-harmful alternatives to protect orchards where flying foxes are a problem.
5. To ban the use of barbed wire and electrified fencing in rural residential areas where they are a hazard to flying foxes and bats as well as to birds, kangaroos, gliders, possums, wallabies and people.


How to solder a wet pipe
How to solder a wet pipe
Added by Admin in Plumbing videos
Thanks! Share it with your friends!
You disliked this video. Thanks for the feedback!
Sorry, only registred users can create playlists.
Soldering a wet pipe or a pipe that is dripping can be difficult as the water can prevent the solder from sealing the joint correctly. If the pipe is dripping the water can actually be heated into steam which can in itself be dangerous. In this video an old trick from a retired plumber is used where a piece of bread is rolled into a ball and packed into the pipe. Once wet the bread swells up and prevents any water from dripping down and affecting the joint. Once the joint is soldered the bread can be flushed out of the pipe by restoring the water.
Commenting disabled.


Web Development
General discussion
Word 2000 VBA - Bullets Selection
By meatyman ·
I have a very DUMB question which I just can't figure out simply because I am dumber than the question itself -_-#
Let's say I have a bullet list which consists of an unknown number of items. How can I highlight everything within the list?
This conversation is currently closed to new comments.
Thread display: Collapse - | Expand +
All Comments
Collapse -
Word 2000 VBA - Bullets Selection
by Irina Medvinskaya In reply to Word 2000 VBA - Bullets S...
To make this work:
1. Create a new word document and add the following or similar information in it:
Title info
? Bullet1
? Bullet2
? Bullet33333333
? Bulletbulletbullet4
End of Information
2. Create a new style for the bulleted text and call it BulletInfo.
3. In your VBA code write the following:
Option Explicit
Sub Main()
Dim iStart As Integer, iEnd As Integer
Dim bStart As Boolean
Dim sRange As Range
'move to the top of document
Selection.HomeKey Unit:=wdStory, Extend:=wdMove
'start searching for "BulletsInfo" style
Selection.Find.Style = ActiveDocument.Styles("BulletsInfo")
With Selection.Find
.Text = ""
.Replacement.Text = "".Forward = True
.Wrap = wdFindContinue
.Format = True
.MatchCase = False
.MatchWholeWord = False
.MatchWildcards = False
.MatchSoundsLike = False
.MatchAllWordForms = False
End With
bStart = True
'find the style
Do While Selection.Find.Execute(FindText:="", Forward:=True, Format:=True) = True
If bStart = True Then
'remember starting point
iStart = Selection.Range.Start
bStart = False
End If
Selection.MoveDown Unit:=wdParagraph, Count:=1
'remember ending point
iEnd = Selection.Range.End
'specify the range with beginning and ending points
Set sRange = ActiveDocument.Range(Start:=iStart, End:=iEnd)
'select the bullets
End Sub
4. If you don't know how to create a new style:
write some text in the document
make it bulleted
in the left top corner of the toolbar where all styles are listed type in BulletsInfo (when the bulleted line is highlighed).
you now have a style called BulletsInfo. To check this, type a word and select BulletsInfo from the Style dropdown, the text will have bullets.
Collapse -
Word 2000 VBA - Bullets Selection
by meatyman In reply to Word 2000 VBA - Bullets S...
Poster rated this answer
Collapse -
Word 2000 VBA - Bullets Selection
This question was closed by the author
Related Discussions
Related Forums


text:
Download the Curbside Collection App
View schedules, receive reminders, and use our waste wizard to learn how to dispose of other waste. For iPhone/iOS and Android mobile devices.
Waste Water Management
Please note that this sewage treatment process can only treat organic material. If you are unsure what you can flush down the toilet, please visit our Don't Flush Trouble page for more information.
Secondary Process Treatment Plants
- Waste water is pumped to the plant inlet works in the main building and then gravity fed throughout the rest of the process.
- The waste water passes through a screen where large particles and floating particles are removed.
- The effluent then enters an aeration basin where it is mixed with organisms and this is where the majority of treatment occurs.
- The organisms act as the workers in this process to improve the quality of the effluent by removing suspended solids.
- The effluent then enters a secondary clarifier where the organisms are allowed to settle out and the clear effluent passes through to the discharge pipe.
- This process produces a fine quality effluent in addition to a high quality sludge that is full of nutrients.
Sewer Area Maps
Click on the following PDF links to view sewer areas in North Cowichan:


text:
Looking for a spooky way to light your home and yard this Halloween? Consider the eerie illuminations of candles, lamps, and solar lights.
Many people carve Jack-o-Lanterns every autumn when the leaves begin to fall, but not everyone thinks of pumpkins in terms of their sustainable energy potential. A stroll around the Farmer's Market provides a ton of options for finding that perfect pumpkin. This year, I will be carving my very first Jack-o-Lantern! I've watched others carve pumpkins and hollow out gourds for birdhouses, but now it's time for me to give it a go.
Jack-o-Lantern Carving Tips:
1. Choose a flat-bottomed pumpkin so it won't roll around.
2. Cut out the lid at an angle to prevent it from dropping inside.
3. Sprinkle cinnamon or pumpkin spice inside the lid so it smells like a pumpkin pie!
By placing candles inside jars with loose beans, rice or gravel, they can light a path to your porch for trick-or-treaters (or gently illuminate the garden while you drink hot cocoa around a bonfire). Need more jars?
Clean out your used jam or spaghetti sauce jars and instead of recycling them, reuse them for candles. Alternatively, create "iluminarias" from tea lights and paper bags. Just place a couple inches of sand inside the paper bag, and nestle the tea light into the center.
Candles are almost as controversial as Harry Potter. Candles themselves aren't always sustainable, and can pollute our indoor air, depending on the ingredients and where they're sourced. Avoiding palm oil and paraffin (a petroleum by-product) is a good place to start.
Paraffin candles release carcinogenic toxins into the air, and palm oil is sometimes farmed using unsustainable methods that harm overseas ecosystems and displace local populations. You can keep your holiday celebrations cleaner with options like beeswax or soy candles, which often burn longer than paraffin even though they are more expensive.
Now you can dress up like a super hero and capture the power of the sun — literally! If you're like me, and think the tiny pumpkin strings of lights are super cute, you don't have to miss out on them this year to save electricity.
Buy solar-powered or LED string lights instead. There are all sorts of pumpkin and holiday-themed solar lights online these days.
Sustainable lighting isn't just great for giving a ghostly glow to your porch, they're great all year 'round.
Alternative lights like luminarias, lanterns, candles and solar-powered strings of lights can create a perfect romantic atmosphere or bring a Christmas tree to life without using any electricity.
Working with nature allows nature to work for you. And lighting a candle is more fun than flicking a switch!
Ripples is a blog connecting people to resources on sustainable living while chronicling their off-grid journey and supporting the work of nonprofit organizations. Read more on this topic and others at _URL_


text:
- Impact of land-use on savanna vegetation and populations of non-timber forest product-providing tree species in West Africa (2011)
- Savannas are the most important timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) providing ecosystems in West Africa. They have been shaped by traditional human land-use (i.e. agriculture, grazing, and harvesting) for thousands of years. In the last decades, land-use has drastically changed due to the rapid population growth and the growing production of cash-crop in West Africa and this process is still continuing. The percentage of land intensively used for agriculture has increased, while the length of fallow periods has decreased. Such changes have enormous ecological, economic, and social consequences. In the context of land-use changes, there is an urgent need to better understand and evaluate the impact of land-use on savannas. Such an understanding provides insights on appropriate management activities that ensure the maintenance of savannas and guarantee the availability of savanna products for subsistence and commercial use of rural West African people. The major objective of the present thesis was to study the impact of land-use on savanna vegetation and diversity as well as on populations of two important NTFP-providing tree species in a semi-arid area in West Africa. The study area was located in the south-eastern part of Burkina Faso and comprised the protected W National Park and its adjacent communal area. In the first study (chapter 2), I investigated in cooperation with a colleague from Burkina Faso (Blandine Nacoulma) the impact of land-use on the savanna vegetation. We analyzed which environmental factors determine the occurrence of the vegetation types and investigated the effect of land-use on vegetation structure and the occurrence of life forms and highly valued tree species. Furthermore, we tested whether land-use has an impact on plant diversity pattern and if this impact differed between the vegetation types and layers (woody and herb layer). Vegetation relevés were performed and the vegetation and plant diversity of the protected W National Park were compared with those of its surrounding communal area. Our results reveal five vegetation types occurring in both areas. Elevation and physical soil characteristics and thus soil water availability for plants played the most important role for the occurrence of the vegetation types. The influence of land-use on plant diversity differed between the five vegetation types and the two layers. The impact was highest on the vegetation types with the most favorable soil conditions for cultivation and lowest on rocky habitats with poor soils. While the diversity of the woody layer was increased under human land-use, the diversity of the herb layer was diminished. Overall, as land-use effects were not only negative, our findings suggest that land-use does not automatically lead to a loss of plant species and to a degradation of savanna habitats. We conclude that both protected and communal areas are of great importance for the conservation of savanna vegetation and diversity. Our study highlights furthermore the importance of different management strategies for each vegetation type. In the following two studies (chapter 3 and 4), the impact of land-use - and in particular of harvesting - on populations of Adansonia digitata L., the baobab tree, and Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill. & Perr. was examined. These two tree species were chosen as they provide several NTFPs for the local population and as they show different levels of human protection and opposed life histories. Thus, they may react differently to land-use. Stands of the protected W National Park were compared with those of its surrounding communal area (in fallows, croplands, and villages). I applied dendrometric methods to study the population structures and combined it with rates and patterns of NTFP-harvesting (debarking and chopping/pruning). Furthermore, the impact of land-use and harvesting on the fruit production of A. digitata and on the sprouting ability of A. leiocarpa were studied. The inverse J-shaped size class distribution curve indicates that the stands of A. digitata were in a healthy state in the park, while the low number of smaller size classes in fallows, croplands, and villages may give evidence of an ageing population. However, a high number of seedlings were recorded in villages. The stands of A. leiocarpa were also in healthy states in the park and likewise in fallows. In contrast, the absence of saplings gives evidence of a declining population in croplands. Both species were strongly harvested by local people and harvesting was tree size-specific. Pruning in interaction with tree-size had a significant impact on fruit production of A. digitata. While smaller trees were more vulnerable to pruning, bigger trees benefited from slight-pruning. A. leiocarpa had a great ability to respond to chopping by sprouting. The sprouting ability increased even with higher chopping intensity. Results suggest that despite the intense harvesting and the land-use impact, populations of both species are still well preserved. While A. digitata can withstand the harvesting and land-use pressure by its longevity, extremely low adult mortality rates, and particularly due to positive human influences, A. leiocarpa is able to withstand the use pressure by its fast growing, high recruitment, and high sprouting ability. I conclude that a none protected tree species (A. leiocarpa) might not necessarily be at higher risk to the harvesting and land-use impact than a protected tree species (A. digitata) as the adverse impact of harvesting and land-use can be compensated by its specific life history. Important additional information to such ecological findings can be provided by local people. Learning from traditional knowledge and management systems of local people will help to produce culturally and ecologically reasonable conservation and management strategies. Thus, I investigated local uses and management strategies of A. digitata and A. leiocarpa in the last two studies (chapter 5 and 6). Quantitative ethnobotanical surveys among the Gulimanceba people were conducted in the communal area in order to document uses of the different plant parts, harvesting modes, perceptions about the population status, and conservation status of both species. Hereby, differences in knowledge between gender, generations, and people from different villages were tested. Interviews reveal that both species are harvested for multipurpose and emphasize the high importance of both species for local people. Especially the leaves and fruits of A. digitata add valuable minerals and vitamins to the otherwise micronutrient-"poor" staple crops of the Gulimanceba people. In comparison with other studies in West Africa, it has turned out that people in this area could benefit even more from A. leiocarpa, e.g. for dyeing of clothes, for treatment of malaria and skin problems. Local knowledge did not differ between genders and generations, while it slightly differed between people from different villages. The lack of age differences suggests that the traditional knowledge about these two species is passed on from one generation to another. Differences between people from different villages might be explained by influences from the neighboring countries Niger and Benin. Current local harvesting modes and management strategies of both species resulted in sustainable use. However, ongoing land-use intensifications require adapted harvesting and management techniques to guarantee the persistence of these economically important species. These results provide, in combination with the ecological findings (chapter 3 and 4), appropriate management recommendations for A. digitata and A. leiocarpa that are reliable under currently practiced management strategies.


Caliphate in Ahmadiyya
What is Khalifat?
The term Caliphate or 'Khalifat' mean successorship, and the Caliph or 'Khalifa' is a successor to a Prophet of Allah whose goal is to carry to the completion tasks of reformation and moral training that were brought by the Prophet, continuing to nurture the community's faith and practices for as long as Allah wishes.
Why do we need Khalifat?
Caliphate is a spiritual institution that succeeds prophethood. It provides unity, progress, righteousness and security to the followers of the Prophet.
Caliphate establishes the authority of Allah on earth, and the Caliph strives to uphold that authority within the community of followers. For the believers, Caliphate is an embodiment of Allah's unity, as they choose to take divine authority through the person of the Caliph. The believers partake of the blessings of Caliphate by holding firm to their faith and practices, united under him.
How was Khalifat established?
When the Promised Messiah, Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(as), the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, passed away, Khilafat was established like it was for his Master-Prophet, Muhammad (saw). This is known as the Khilafat of Ahmadiyyat or Khilafat al-Ahmadiyya.
The Khalifa of the Promised Messiah(as) is known as Khalifa-tul-Masih, or Khalifa of the Messiah.
The current Khalifa of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is Hazrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad (aba), the Fifth Sucessor of the Promised Messiah (as).


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
floodplain of the Rhine, near Duisburg
Flooding in spring, in the floodplain of the Danube, in the Nationalpark Donau-Auen
A Flood plain or Floodplain is a plain or nearly flat surface close to the bed of a river or stream. If there is little water in the river, the plain will be dry, if there is a lot of water, the surplus water will flood this area. Floodplains provide habitats for many plants and animals.


text: The Potomac River and its tributary streams within the George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) are home to at least 61 species of fish (and one hybrid). Mine Run in Great Falls Park has the highest species richness of any stream in GWMP with 22 species recorded. Within GWMP, the Fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) and Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) are found only in Mine Run, the Swallowtail Shiner (Notropis procne), Fantail Darter (Etheostoma flabellare), Potomac Sculpin (Cottus girardi), and the Satinfin Shiner (Cyprinella analostana) are restricted to Turkey Run, and the Northern Hogsucker (Hypentelium nigricans) and Margined Madtom (Noturus insignis) are found only in Difficult Run. While on the Maryland side of GWMP the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), Golden Redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum) and Greenside Darter (Etheostoma blennioides) are known to occur only in Cabin John Creek. The American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) is found in more GWMP streams than any other species. Dyke Marsh, located along the Potomac River, is home to at least 38 species.


text:
Battle of Harlaw
24th July 1411
In origin the battle of Harlaw was a feudal dispute, but it must be viewed in the context of growing late medieval conflict between Highland and Lowland. The situation was also complicated by the fact that King James I was imprisoned in England and thus royal authority was weak. Donald, Lord of the Isles, having fought for control of Ross, now planned to strike south east into Moray, towards Aberdeen. But there was substantial warning of the impending campaign and so defensive preparations were put in hand by the Earl of Mar in the spring and early summer of 1411.
As soon as he was aware of the approach of the Highland forces, Mar marshalled his troops at Inverurie. The Highland forces camped on the night of the 23rd July on high ground near Harlaw. On the morning of the 24th the Earl of Mar marched out of Inverurie to engage the Highland army.
It appears to have been an intense and close run fight but the sources provide little detail and there is even conflict over the outcome, with both sides claiming victory. What is clear is that Aberdeen was successfully defended and the Highland forces departed without causing significant destruction in the region.
A REPORT ON THE BATTLE, PREPARED FOR HISTORIC SCOTLAND BY THE BATTLEFIELDS TRUST, IS AVAILABLE FROM THE DOWNLOAD AREA ON THE LEFT


Vehicle restoration
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Cosmetic restoration)
Jump to: navigation, search
Vehicle Restoration is the process of restoring a vehicle that is either partially scrapped or otherwise life expired back to its original working condition.
Automotive restoration can be applied to many different eras of automobile. Heritage railways and railway museums aim to restore and operate restored trains. Bus preservation groups aim to purchase buses of various eras to restore them to their original operating condition. Trains and buses are often restored to the original authentic livery of their original owner.
Restoration process[edit]
A BMW R60/2 motorcycle undergoing a frame-up concours restoration
Restoration of a vehicle refers to the process of restoring a vehicle to its original condition. Neither updating or modifying are considered part of the restoration process. A restored car is one that has had all of its systems and or parts restored to original condition. Selectively restoring parts or systems is referred to as refurbishing. It does not qualify as restoration. Rebuilding an engine may restore that engine, but it does not restore the car, or entitle the car to be called a restoration.
A car that has had its body work restored to as new but has undergone some modifications elsewhere is either a modified car or a resto-mod car. It is was neither completely restored not completely modified. If a car has had an engine swap for other than the original model, that car has not been restored. Although most of the parts are original, it qualifies as modified rather than restored.
There are many aspects to the process of vehicle restoration. The goal is to return the vehicle to its 'original' state.[1] To accomplish this, a vehicle must often undergo many structural and aesthetic changes.
The first project is disassembly.[1] The car is taken apart and the chassis is inspected.[1] The chassis must be in order as it the structural foundation of the vehicle. The next task is typically are the vehicles engine and mechanisms.[1] The restorer will mechanically bring the vehicle into working order before aesthetically restoring the interior and exterior of the vehicle.[1] Once the vehicle is mechanically functional the body work is then done to the car.[1] Once the exterior restoration is completed, the last task is the interior finish.[1] The restoration of the car is complete when the interior restoration is completed.
Interior restoration[edit]
Interior restoration is the process of returning the inside of the vehicle to its original factory state.[1] Often a vehicle's interior must be need to be completely stripped out before restoration can occur.[1] This is because deterioration over time that can leave materials like wood, cloth or leather in unusable condition.[1] Also abandoned vehicles have the potential to contain biohazardous material within the cabin caused by decay and habitation by animals.[1] Often seating will be stripped to the wire framing before being stuffed and upholstered.[1] The seat is still considered to be authentic after undergoing this process.[1] Other areas of interior restoration include replaced instrument paneling, car radios, flooring and wooden paneling[1]
All mechanical and electronic equipment such as a speedometer, gas gauge, air bags and other equipment necessary to the safe operation of the vehicle must be inspected.[1] The vehicle interior is considered restored when it is returned the state of function and aesthetic the car was in after its manufacture[1]
Exterior restoration[edit]
Restoration of a vehicle's exterior can take many forms. A vehicle that has been left or abandoned will often accumulate rust over time.[2] Sometimes this rust deterioration can render an exterior part unusable.[2] In which case a replacement part like a fender, front grill or door mirror much be purchased outright from an external source.[2] If rust damage is minor however the part will undergo rust repair.[2] This is the process of removing rust from metal and returning structural integrity.[2] This is accomplished by removing the rust through sanding or blasting to get down to bare metal.[2] Then new sheet metal or fiberglass is applied to the affected area. Finally the piece is worked until smooth, primed and re-painted.[2]
Other materials like glass and weather stripping must be replaced as they become damaged over time.[1] Factors like weather erosion can lead to faded and broken glass as well as dried out weather stripping. Another typical area of exterior repair is dent removal.[1] This entails taking the original metal and re-working it to remove dents and other such blemishes.[1] Professionals often use hammer and dolly work to remove dents. This involves placing the dented metal piece over a curved metal dolly and using an electric or manual hammer to remove the dent and smooth the metal.[1]
Engine restoration[edit]
The internal combustion engine requires regular maintenance to ensure its continued function.[3] Engine oil, power steering and brake fluid are examples of engine maintenance that must be kept and checked at regular intervals.[3] Often wear and tear over time can leave an engine totally unusable. In which case the restorer might remove the existing engine and replace it with a similar or modern engine substitute.[3] In order to conduct an engine restoration first a technician will conduct a thorough inspection. Often pre-restored vehicle have engines that have gone without maintenance for years and therefore require engine restoration to return them to working order. The engine is removed from the car and inspected for broken and non-functional parts.[3] Typical parts that require replacing include the pistons, spark plugs, fuel lines battery, fuses, timing belt and various gaskets.[3] All are subject to deterioration over time. Structural components like the engine block, cam shaft and crank shaft are less likely to require repair but not uncommon.[3] Typically, after all required parts are gathered, the disassembled pieces will be cleaned, lubricated (if required), and reassembled. The engine is then replaced within the car.[3]
A mechanic will then perform a series of tests to ensure that the engine is in working, road worthy condition.[3] This is known as a pre-start engine check. First all the lines and hoses are checked for breaks and leaks. Second the radiator is topped off with water to ensure that the system is sealed off. Next the oil level is replenished. Finally the battery charge is checked and the ignition system is inspected. The engine is then ready to be started.[3]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Halliday, J.Dave (January 22, 1999). "Planning key to successful vehicle restoration; research, documentation also help ensure that car or truck will be returned to original condition". Edmonton Journal.
 2. ^ a b c d e f g Hires, Bill (1977). "Comprehensive Small Engine Repair Mid-America Vocational Curriculum Consortium".
 3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Halderman, James (2011). "Vehicle Repair and Restoration". Automotive Technology Principles, Diagnosis, and Service (4th ed.) (Prentice Hall) 2: 550–94.


text:
Geology exposure along Highway 221 south of Prosser, Washington.
The units are clay, diatomite, and sandstone with a minor offset.
Elephant Mountain member basalt capping a member of the Ellensburg Formation
The Ellensburg Formation are the non basalt basalt units in between the various Columbia River Basalt Group lava flows. In this case the exposed outcrop is capped by the Elephant Mountain member of the Saddle Mountains Basalts - one of the youngest lava flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group. The member designations of the Ellensburg Formation are derived from the age of the basalt flows above and below them. On this basis the unit would be the Rattlesnake Ridge member. Laval (1956) mapped this area and proposed Prosser member for a unit containing diatomite.
A number of distinct units can be seen within the Ellensburg Formation at this site: 1) a green-gray clay that likely highly altered volcanic ash, 2) bright white layers of diatomite, 3) cross bedded sands and silts with a mix of diatomite and volcanic ash and 4) a volcanic ash or tuff deposit.
Diatomite layers over clay and under sands. Diatomite is formed by the accumulation of diatoms, a single-celled organism with a silica structure. Diatomite signifies a quiet lake environment will little sediment input as it takes a long time for the diatoms to accumulate.
Volcanic ash overlaid by basalt of the Elephant Mountain member


text:
Based on I. Escudero-Sanz and R. Navarro, "Off-Axis Aberrations of a Wide-Angle Schematic Eye Model," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 16(8), 1999 pp. _PHONE_.
This sample optics Demonstration was created using Optica 3, an application package available for Mathematica.
In the program, the thin lens defocusing element is governed by the input defocus parameters and (in diopters). The defocus angle determines the angle of rotation (in degrees) about the pupil center for the defocus effects. The scatter parameter is used to specify the diffuseness of the retina. The pupil size parameter determines the diameter of the pupil opening. Spatial units are in millimeters.


text:
I would like to view some spiral galaxy. However, I would prefer not to spend lots of $$$. What are the minimum specs a telescope must have to resolve detail in a spiral galaxy?
It depends on what you mean by "view." If you just mean "see" a spiral galaxy, then you can do that without any telescope: the Andromeda Galaxy is visible naked eye from a good dark sky site. If you mean "see detail" such as spiral arms, I'd say the minimum aperture is around 10 inches (250 mm). Although you can occasionally glimpse spiral structure with smaller apertures—I've seen the spiral arms of Messier 51 in a 150-mm refractor—10 inches is the minimum to see structure in galaxies routinely.


text:
What is KISS syndrome?
KISS is the abbreviation for: Kopfgelenk Induzierte Symmetrie Störungen.
This German acronym is also known in English as "Kinetic Imbalances due to Suboccipital Strain". This means that there are functional problems with the upper vertebrae of the neck which can disturb the symmetrical development of the baby or the growing child.
The area of the upper neck vertebrae is very complex and sensitive; it plays a significant part in supporting the head, the sense of balance, the definition of spatial awareness and movement in general.
We know that in this area the membranes and ligaments of the vertebrae and the muscles are equipped with a multitude of sensors that register movement.
These sensors transport an enormous quantity of information to various parts of the brain, and these control the muscles, balance, swallowing, vision, psychomotor development, etc.
Incorrect positioning of one of these vertebrae is caused by abnormal tension on the ligaments, membranes and muscles, and disturbs the transmission of information. The brain cannot therefore react properly to problems with motor function or posture.
- premature birth
- twins, triplets, etc
- prolonged or difficult delivery
- very rapid delivery
- malposition in the uterus
- delivery with forceps or ventouse
- emergency caesarean section
- prolapsed umbilical cord
- premature rupture of the membranes
- blue baby
- prenatal trauma
- low birth weight
- physical lesion: if the infant or child suffers a fall or al blow to the head this has repercussions for the structure of the vertebral column.
The syndrome can give rise to various pains and abnormalities.
The majority of these pains disappear during growth. Recovery seems to occur, but it is only apparent. The impulse that urges the child to sit, stand and walk enables it to overcome the problems well.
This latent or compensatory phase remains with the child for a long time.
Family tendency : apart from the presence of one of the above causes, it is always possible that a family trait may be encountered.
- the back is often curved
- marked tendency to arch the back
- asymmetric development of the hips
- asymmetric movements of the arms and legs
- development of asymmetric skull
- difficulty in swallowing and a tendency to vomit
- frequent tears of protestation when getting dressed and undressed
- always sleeps in the same position
- head tilted to one side with a bald patch on one side
- the child does not like to be cuddled
- bouts of unexplained fever
- normal sucking and swallowing reflex
- poor appetite, difficulties in feeding/eating. The infant feeds normally at the breast but refuses anything else and cries constantly…
- the child cries a lot and sleeps badly
- the child tries to stand up very early
- the child skips the crawling stage
- the child is late learning to walk
- neck straight and flattened
- exaggerated extension of one foot
- difficulty holding the head straight and erect
- generally weak muscle tone
- flattened back of the head
- problems with balance
- poor posture
- the child falls or staggers frequently
- it always or frequently walks on tiptoe
- atypical stomach ache
- fatigue, lack of energy
- sleep problems: difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking up, restless sleep, little sleep…
- trouble concentrating, quickly forgetting a given task, variable school results
- recurring headaches, or headaches on waking up
- neck pain and stiffness
- back pain
- changes in behaviour: easily discouraged, temper tantrums, uncertainty, nervousness, demanding a lot of attention
- very slow general and fine motor function development
- growing pains
- Tourette's syndrome (tics, teeth grinding,…)
- delay in learning words
- questionnaire for parents
- observation of child
- assessment of movement
- palpation of the vertebral column and pelvis
- taking of X-rays
- discussion with departments already consulted
Treatment : consists principally of corrective manipulation (reflex-impuls technic) of the upper vertebral column. The force necessary is so minimal that this treatment is totally painless and free of risk. The manipulation is so subtle that a layperson might not be able to see it.