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The Town of Watson Lake owes its existence to two major factors: the construction of a military airport in 1941 and the construction of the Alaska Highway in 1942.
In 1939 the Government of Canada committed to building a chain of airfields across the Northwest under the Northwest Staging Route Program. The airfield at Watson Lake was a link in this chain. The site for the airport was surveyed, funds were made available towards the end of 1940 and construction began in 1941.
When the United States entered the Second World War, there was a threat of a Japanese invasion of Alaska. The necessity of a military overland supply rout linking the State of Alaska to the lower 48 states became an immediate wartime measure.
During the course of planning, it was decided that the highway would be modified in order to service the airfield sites selected under the Northwest Staging Route Program. The road alignment was purposely engineered to meander and avoid long, straight stretches which would jeopardize large supply convoys from strafing air attacks. In recent years, highway improvements have all but eliminated these winding sections of road, and now the Alaska Highway is maintained to a very high standard. The road surface is mainly pavement or Bitminous treated surface. Gravel surfaces now occur only in construction zones.
The original highway from Dawson Creek, B.C. to Fairbanks, AK was little more than a pioneer trail wandering through 2,450 kilometers (1,522 miles) of mountains, muskeg and permafrost. The new highway was built in a short 8 months and 12 days by the United States Army Corps Engineers.
The Robert Campbell Highway was started during the post world War 11 era as the service road to mining developments in the east-central Yukon and completed in 1968.
The original Watson Lake town site was at the Airport but moved to the "Wye" as it was now the regional link between the Alaska and Robert Campbell Highways.The community of Watson Lake began as an accommodations and supply center for the construction of the highway. In that same year, a roadway was built between Watson Lake and Lower Post, the northern most community in B.C.
Today, the Town of Watson Lake is the key transportation, communication and distribution center for mining and logging activities in the southern Yukon, Northern B.C. and a portion of the N.W.T. It also serves as a major service area for tourism and is the site of the Regional Territorial Government administration services.


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This is the ninth in a series of 10 technologies integral to the United States military since World War I.
Air Force Airman 1st Class Anthony Sennhenn, EOD technician, 506th Expeditionary Civil Engineer Squadron, unloads "Vanessa," a remote-controlled F6-A EOD bomb disarming robot for use in disarming an improvised explosive device found near a road used by American forces. (Photo by US Army Sgt. Matthew Acosta)
The origins of the U.S. Navy's Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) Division can be traced back to World War II when they were used to counter the complex weapons systems deployed by other nations. Today, this center adds Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) to the range of threats EOD technicians respond to around the world.
As depicted in the above photo, solid-fuel rockets are sometimes used to help LC-130s takeoff from remove sites in Antarctica. This is known as jet assisted takeoff or JATO.
Misfired or defective JATO fuel bottles must be detonated prior to removal from Antarctica to permit recycling. The JATO explosive disposal team consists of both U.S. Antarctic Program and U.S. Air Force military personnel.
In the first of two videos, you'll get an inside look at how the JATO explosive disposal team operates. At about 1:30, an EOD team shouts "fire in the hole" three times prior to detonation. All debris is then cleaned up and safely returned to the U.S. for proper recycling. Thanks to Chief Master Sergeant Connie Hoffman, Joint Task Force – Support Forces Antarctica, for this interesting footage.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Wednesday, November 16, 2005
postal scrotum: cultural commentary
My good friend Tam Gu Ja writes in--
I appreciated your article about The Aquariums of Pyongyang. Given my current line of work I am often astounded by the patterns of willful ignorance and revictimization of the victim that occur in society-- even ours. I often encounter patterns of behaviour about which society tends to pay far too little effort or attention as a whole. Some good examples would be instances of rape in general society (about 1 in 8) versus military society (about 1 in 5), patterns of child abuse, and similar things. There is plenty of ability to quantify, measure, and categorize behaviour in such a fashion that it is easy to see a course of action that would improve the situation, but the flat fact is that most Americans simply don't want to know, or, if they do, don't want to expend the effort to correct matters. It pissed me off to no end.
-Tam Gu Ja
They say you can tell what people really value, individually and collectively, by where they put their money. By that reckoning, what does American society value? Where does most of the consumers' money go? What does Korean society value?
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Air Pollution and Gut Disease
Why do I continue to be surprised by the impact of pollution? Actually, it's not "surprise" that I feel, but sadness. So, now air pollution is being linked to gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis. There are steps that can be taken to reduce burden and to support your body's response–please call for an appointment!
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Tectonic Map of the Scotia Arc, Misc 3
Series: BAS Miscellaneous
Size: 92 x 121 cm
Description: This full-colour map illustrates the tectonic history of the Scotia arc, between southern South America, South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula. It summarizes the land geology of the Scotia arc, its marine geology and its geophysics; layer tinting dramatically displays the bathymetry of the Scotia Sea.


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Plan to complete all required practicum hours by tomorrow 8/3/19 before midnight. In APA format Reflect on any feedback you have received from individuals in your practicum setting and complete your own self-reflection as you asses your practicum experience, including your professional growth, during this course. Integrate this evaluation into your final journal entry.
Include the level one and two headers as numbered below and a minimum of three scholarly references
Submit a journal entry for your practicum experiences. In your journal entry:
1) Evaluate your practicum experience for this course
2) Include a reflection on your development as a scholar-practitioner and nurse leader.
3) Also, complete and submit an evaluation of your practicum experiences throughout the DNP Program. Consider how your skills and knowledge have grown in the following areas as you prepare your self-evaluation:
b) Advanced nursing practice
c) Promoting quality improvement
d) Improving health outcomes
e) Informing health care policy
Review the Practicum Experience Evaluation document found in this week's Learning Resources for further instructions on what you may include in your evaluation (see attached document).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Encyclopedia - Distinguished Service Cross (U.K.)
The British Distinguished Service Cross medal was awarded by military authorities to serving members of the Royal Navy for meritorious actions in the face of the enemy.
Instituted in 1901 as the Conspicuous Service Cross the medal was awarded to warrant and subordinate officers; it was renamed the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) in October 1914 and made available to all Royal Naval personnel below the rank of Lieutenant Commander.
Some 1,983 DSCs were awarded during the course of the First World War. From 1916 a Bar was made available to denote formal recognition of further acts of merit to existing DSC holders.
The medal, which was made of silver, was 41mm in height and 35mm wide. The obverse of the medal showed the Royal Cypher on the circular central medallion surmounted by a crown; the reverse was plain other than for a hallmark with the year of the war engraved on the lower arm.
A "blimp" was a word applied to an observation balloon.
- Did you know?


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The Brown Hare
This comprehensive, indispensable guide to the Brown Hare covers all aspects of the biology, ecology and conservation of the species, and is complete with colour photos, illustrations and maps. It contains detailed information on the status and distribution of the species as well as field signs, social and breeding behaviour, reproductive performance and the all-too-common threats, from predators and diseases through to the human impact.
Features of the Lagomorpha
General appearance of Britain's hares and rabbits
Status and distribution of the brown hare
Diet and feeding habits
The farmland ecology of hares
Social and breeding behaviour
Mortality - disease
Mortality - predation
Mortality - hunting, coursing, shooting and poaching
References and further reading
View other products from the same publisher
There are currently no organisations listed for this subjectIf you are involved in a scientific, conservation or environmental organisation and would like to be listed, please see our NHBS-Xchange information page.


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Our Learning Gateway is a comprehensive portal of educational resources that has been designed to support your professional development and training needs. Learning Gateway has already gained support from a number of professional bodies.
Offering you free access to a wide range of investment and compliance-related online courses, the Learning Gateway is an essential knowledge source. Containing over 100 tutorials it will support you in meeting the investment principles addressed in the trustee knowledge and understanding (TKU) guidelines, as well as your own personal development goals.
Learning gateway can help you:
- address any gaps in your technical knowledge
- expand and maintain your knowledge of the industry and the ever-changing regulatory environment
- work towards formal learning objectives and outcomes
- measure time spent on training and your assessment scores
- complete courses that are independently verified as relevant and suitable for continuing professional development purposes
- provide evidence of achievements with printable certificates and on-line records


The Inventor
Survival. Brilliance. Obsession. The untold story of modern medicine.
The Inventor is a true story inspired by the life of Herman Margulies, a brilliant, but obstinate holocaust survivor who leaves Poland in search of a better life in the United States. With an unwavering spirit of hope, he overcomes the pain of his past and builds an accomplished, yet un-applauded career as an inventor, revolutionizing modern medical devices. Later, he pursues his passion as an artist, and despite his professional success, his personal life is overshadowed by eccentricities and his obsessive lifestyle with the women he loved.
In the end, will his obsession outweigh his wisdom?
In pre-production in association with CALIFORNIA PICTURES
Abandoned, inspiration behind The Inventor
"No matter what you do, do it with a passion" Herman Margulies


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The Book of Escomb
Things you find in Church
The Escombe Textile
Links for Escombe Saxon Church
How did you hear about Escombe Saxon Church
A font is a basin for the Holy water used in a baptism (christening), a ceremony of sprinkling water on a person's (baby's) forehead or of totally immersing the person in water. Baptism symbolises purification or regeneration and admission into the Christian church.
The octagonal font at Escombe is at least 800 years old but could be much older. It has been carved out of a single piece of sandstone and may have been part of a Roman fountain. In late Saxon times it was the custom for babies to be totally immersed in the Holy water in the font but earlier than this, adult baptism was the usual ceremony. This could be by total immersion in a place such as the nearby river or by standing in the font, which would have been on the floor in those days.
The water in the font, which was changed once a year, was blessed at the service on Easter Sunday to be used throughout the rest of the year.
In the 13th century, the Archbishop of York ordered that fonts should be locked. This was to prevent people stealing the baptismal water and using it for superstitious practices e.g. to counteract the effects of a neighbour's curse or a witch's spell. The problem was what to do with the unused Holy water the following Easter. It could not be thrown away as a witch hiding in the churchyard might catch it to use for spells. It had to stay in Holy ground.
The nave is the main part of the church building where people sit for services.
The chancel is the part of the church containing the altar and seats for the clergy (priests, vicars, ministers) and choir. It is separated from the nave by steps or a screen.
|The sanctuary is the most sacred part of the church and is where the altar is.
Because Escombe Saxon Church was built to a very simple plan, the sanctuary and chancel are the same place, separated from the nave by a step and the chancel arch. The arch is thought to have been re-assembled from a Roman arch, brought with the rest of the stone from Binchester. The original arch was probably much lower, having all the upright stones horizontal. This wouldn't look right in such a tall building, so the Saxons put alternate stones on end to make it higher. It is a typical Anglo-Saxon arrangement, the first of its type and has been named 'Escombe Fashion' after this arch and is still called so by architects today.
|The table in the sanctuary in a Christian church at which the bread and wine are consecrated in communion services.|
These are the consecrated elements (bread and wine) of the Eucharist. They are used in the service of Holy Communion, commemorating the Last Supper (before Jesus was arrested) in which bread and wine are consecrated (made sacred) and consumed. The bread and wine represent the body and blood of Christ.
The lectern is a reading stand with a sloping top. It is tall enough for people to stand to read lessons from the Bible or to preach a sermon (a talk given by the priest or minister during the service.)
A sign signifying the Christian religion.
The stone cross behind the altar is probably older than the church and may have formed part of a preaching cross or grave cover. It is a 'green cross' or 'living cross' with rose-like flowers growing from it.
There is a 'consecration cross' cut into the stonework behind the lectern. We must remember that the stone for Escombe Church came from a Roman fort so when the church was finished, it needed to be consecrated (made sacred as a holy building.) There were originally 5 consecration crosses, the one behind the lectern and one on each corner of the church outside. Now only one of the outside crosses can still be seen.
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Harm Reduction Efforts Make Dance Floors Safer
Historically the dance music scene has been intertwined with recreational drug use and will definitely continue. But a recent uprise of deaths and emergencies, especially in a festival setting, have gotten people talking more and more about harm reduction. This public health approach helps curb dangerous risks by providing information and practical strategies that will ultimately help guide decisions and keep people and dance floors safer when engaging in potentially risky behavior. DanceSafe is one of many organizations that is on a mission to provide harm reduction services specifically within the electronic music scene.
First and foremost it is important to note and disclaim that by publishing this piece I am not encouraging or discouraging recreational drug use. I firmly believe that preventative health and making an educated decision is always the best measure. If you choose to use, be aware of the general effect of certain drugs but also understand that each individual has different reactions. Prepare yourself appropriately and treat yourself with care. Harm reduction efforts throughout the world are striving to help others make confident, educated decisions by ensuring certain levels of safety services are available when taking risks.
DanceSafe was founded in 1998 by Emanuel Sferios in the San Francisco Bay Area. After initially using MDMA in 1986 as a form of therapy, 10 years later he started to learn about the misuse and abuse of substances and the deaths arising from fake ecstasy pills. Inspired to help he established DanceSafe so people that choose to use would be doing so knowing exactly what substances they were taking and how those substances might effect them. As a designated 501 (c)(3) public health organization, DanceSafe embodies an ethos to promote health and safety within the nightlife community by operating under the guise of two fundamental principles: harm reduction and peer-based popular education. The organization upholds a non-judgmental attitude that neither condones nor condemns drug use.
"A nonjudgmental approach denotes an approach rooted in acceptance, genuineness, and empathy. This allows drug users, who are often stigmatized, to feel comfortable talking to us about their concerns and asking questions," says Kristin Karas, director of programs for DanceSafe. "A non-biased approach allows us to remain credible with our participants. Scare tactics don't work because individuals will discover what they were told was not true and will develop a mistrust for the information provided to them. Because we don't shy away from mentioning the positive effects of substances, our participants take us seriously when we warn them of the risks."
Karas completed her bachelor of science degree in public health studies with a concentration in community health at East Carolina University. In addition to her work with DanceSafe she also founded the Students for Sensible Drug Policy chapter at her alma mater, and has done work with the North Carolina Harm Reduction Coalition, Pitt County Coalition on Substance Abuse, and Insomniac's Ground Control Team.
DanceSafe, and other similar organizations, use a "safety first" approach to reduce drug misuse and empower young people to make informed choices. Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) is a national organization which funds medical research on MDMA, LSD, and other psychedelic drugs. They continue to fund harm-reduction strategies for events where such drugs are taken recreationally. "We need to discuss this not in a prohibition context, but an education context," explains MAPS Founder Rick Doblin in an interview with the Toronto Star. "You will still end up with the fact that there are risks, but how do we, as a society, respond to that?" Additionally, the group recognizes that cause of death from party drugs is usually obscured by calling it an overdose. "What the person could die of is whatever it's mixed with, or dehydration, or some other constellation of factors."
Given the legal climate and general stigma regarding recreational drug use it is important programs such as DanceSafe exist. A prohibition-style approach can often lead to misinformation. This lack of education during an individual's risk assessment will more than likely result in an uneducated decision, potentially putting a person in physical or mental harm.DanceSafe
"Prohibition, simply put, does not work. It didn't work for alcohol in the '20s and '30s and the War on Drugs has failed. Scare tactics have been ineffective and led to a general mistrust of information and treating drug use as a criminal issue has contributed to a wide variety of health issues," Karas explains. "Harm reduction works best because it recognizes drug use as a public health issue – not a criminal one. Rather than stigmatizing drug users, harm reduction treats them with dignity, compassion, and understanding because harm reduction recognizes that individuals are inherently going to engage in risky behaviors such as sex and the consumption of substances and thus it's best put in place measures to mitigate such risks."
It is important to discern that DanceSafe (and organizations like it) are directed to assist non-addicted drug users. Recreational drug users are stigmatized by the public eye and underserved in the health community regarding harm reduction and preventative safety.
"Non-addicted recreational drug users have lacked access to care and have been stigmatized for their personal choices regarding their own body. Many drug education programs, such as DARE, have contributed to the health gap by utilizing scare tactics instead of factual, unbiased education," Karas says. "Furthermore, many individuals lack access to important harm reduction services such as drug checking. This is especially true in the nightlife community where promoters are hesitant to work with organizations like DanceSafe due to The RAVE Act."
In the beginning of the new millennium the United States began specifically targeting and utilizing scare tactics as a means to control the electronic dance scenes. The RAVE Act, or Reducing American's Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act, was introduced in 2002 by Senator Joe Biden; it was passed by Congress the following year and renamed the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act. As a piggyback on the Controlled Substance Act (otherwise known as the Crackhouse Law), the RAVE Act expanded "findings" that identified specific criteria that would deem an event one that promoted drugs, by legal definition "a rave."
Rave became defined by this legislation as a movement of young people being "initiated into the drug culture at 'rave' parties or events (all-night, alcohol-free dance parties typically featuring loud, pounding dance music)". Although drug education, free water, and an air-conditioned "chill room" for party goers could help save lives, these findings became paraphernalia and grounds for prosecution under penalty of law. In response, fear began to grow. But the music will never stop, so dance music events pushed further underground and off the radar, sometimes into more dangerous environments.
Many began to recognize that by inhibiting harm reduction services there was an increase in emergencies due to a lack of education and preventative health. Amend the RAVE Act is a campaign developed in 2014 by Dede Goldsmith in response to her daughter's death. At a club in Washington D.C. her daughter, Shelley, died from hypothermia and then cardiac arrest. Her mother thought, possibly, it was due to an adulterated substance since no one else had died that night. But after receiving the toxicology report they found the diagnosis to be pure MDMA. "I had to look into what MDMA (Ecstasy) was, and the more I looked into it, the more I realized that probably wasn't what killed her," Goldsmith said during Catharsis on the Mall: A Vigil for Healing the Drug War. "More than likely it was the situation that she was in."
Her mother recognized that there were factors about the venue that had unsafe measures such as no crowd control, and inadequate water with bathroom attendees that forbid people to fill their bottles. She identifies The RAVE Act as the fear inducing wall keeping promoters from implementing safe setting measures. With this effort she petitions that language be added to the pre-existing law "to make it clear that event organizers and venue owners can implement safety measures to reduce the risk of medical emergencies, including those associated with drug use, without fear of prosecution by federal authorities."
For example, the chill out room, has been frequently incorporated into parties for safety measure. Whether using a substance or not, an enclosed dance floor can become hot due to the collective energy and movement of numerous people. If a person happens to take Ecstasy (or any other substance that effects the regulation of body temperature) a chill out room acts as a space for people to cool their internal body temperature and stabilize their heart rate. Doing so decreases the chances of physical emergencies. However, due to The RAVE Act, chill out rooms can now be seen as "paraphernalia" and grounds to be deemed as a drug party.
"Many venue owners and event organizers refuse to allow harm reduction workers into their events because they are afraid that even acknowledging that drug use occurs will make them liable to prosecution under the RAVE Act." – DEDE GOLDSMITH
In response to that need for education and assistance, DanceSafe's chapters throughout the U.S. as well Canada can be found at events and festivals to provide a number of services. Most importantly, they provide a safe space to engage in dialogue about drugs and health topics relevant to the dance community. Information provided by DanceSafe is unbiased fact-based information about the effects of substances and potential harms. Volunteers of DanceSafe are also present to offer a first point of contact when someone may be in a risky or challenging situation.
To help people make informed decisions DanceSafe has capability to provide a drug checking service at events and festivals. The adulter


03-May-2021 - University of South Australia
Espresso, latte or decaf? Genetic code drives your desire for coffee
How much coffee we drink is likely to be an indicator of our cardio health
Whether you hanker for a hard hit of caffeine or favour the frothiness of a milky cappuccino, your regular coffee order could be telling you more about your cardio health than you think.
In a world first study of 390,435 people, University of South Australia researchers found causal genetic evidence that cardio health - as reflected in blood pressure and heart rate - influences coffee consumption.
Lead researcher and Director of UniSA's Australian Centre for Precision Health, Professor Elina Hyppönen says it's a positive finding that shows our genetics actively regulate the amount of coffee we drink and protect us from consuming too much.
"People drink coffee for all sorts of reasons - as a pick me up when they're feeling tired, because it tastes good, or simply because it's part of their daily routine," Prof Hyppönen says.
"But what we don't recognise is that people subconsciously self-regulate safe levels of caffeine based on how high their blood pressure is, and this is likely a result of a protective genetic a mechanism.
Facts, background information, dossiers
More about University of South Australia
 - News
 Nanotechnology offers new hope for bowel cancer patients
 Bowel cancer survival rates could be improved if chemotherapy drugs were delivered via tiny nanoparticles to the diseased organs rather than oral treatment. That's the finding from Indian and Australian scientists who have undertaken the first study, using nanoparticles to target bowel canc... more
 A silver lining like no other
 Vaccinations are the world's frontline defence against infectious diseases yet despite decades of interventions, unsafe injection practices continue to expose billions of people to serious infection and disease. Now, new technology from the University of South Australia is revolutionising s... more
 Dieting for obese mothers just before pregnancy may not be enough
 While there is never a bad time to address one's own obesity, if you're hoping to lose weight before conception for the sake of your child, here's some bad news: Some of the epigenetic damage might have already been done, even if you lose the weight just before conception. According to new... more


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Association Between Serotonin Syndrome and Second-Generation Antipsychotics via Pharmacological Target-Adverse Event Analysis
Case reports suggest an association between second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin syndrome (SS). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was analyzed to generate hypotheses about how SGAs may interact with pharmacological targets associated with SS. FAERS was integrated with additional sources to link information about adverse events with drugs and targets. Using Proportional Reporting Ratios, we identified signals that were further investigated with the literature to evaluate mechanistic hypotheses formed from the integrated FAERS data. Analysis revealed common pharmacological targets perturbed in both SGA and SS cases, indicating that SGAs may induce SS. The literature also supported 5-HT2A antagonism and 5-HT1A agonism as common mechanisms that may explain the SGA-SS association. Additionally, integrated FAERS data mining and case studies suggest that interactions between SGAs and other serotonergic agents may increase the risk for SS. Computational analysis can provide additional insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between SGAs and SS.


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British Royal Names
What's in a Name
Henrietta, the feminine form of Henry, was one of the first derivative names established in the British name pool. It first appeared during the rule of the House of Stuart, borne by the daughter of Charles I and Henriette Marie of France.
Plantagenet refers to the ruling family of England from 1154 to 1399, or any member of this family.
A few royal names were once considered unlucky, but none of them are today. If you like a name linked to royalty, you can use it without worry, at least as far as its lucky (or unlucky) charms are concerned.
Anglo-Saxon names weren't the only thing that William the Conqueror displaced when he became ruler of England in 1066; he also booted out the Anglo-Saxon monarchy that had been in place for several hundred years prior to his conquest. For the next 300 years, William and his descendants would sit on the throne of England.
There have been eight ruling houses in England since the Normans, but the names that were added to the name pool during their reigns are the ones recognized most often as belonging to British royalty or as classically British in style. From the earliest rulers of William's time to the end of the Plantagenets, the ruling house that came shortly after, names that reigned supreme include:
- Adela: This modern-sounding name is, in fact, an early variant from the Old German name Adelaide, meaning "noble" or "nobility." As the only daughter of William and Matilda, she claimed her spot in history by suggesting a compromise that quelled a religious struggle between her brother, Henry I, and the Catholic Church. Adele is the preferred form today.
- Arthur: We usually think of Arthurian legends when this name comes up, but the first Arthur on England's royal family tree was a nephew of the notorious John I, who was supposed to take the throne following Richard I but was unseated by his uncle. In several further twists of fate, John I became Arthur's guardian through the laws of primogeniture, and he also caused his nephew's death.
- Eleanor: This Greek name meaning "light" came to the Plantagenet family tree through the wife of Henry II, who hailed from Aquitaine, a possession of the Frankish Church that eventually became part of France. John I also had a daughter named Eleanor, and several others were added to the family by marriage.
- Elizabeth: The first royal Elizabeth was a great-granddaughter of John I and the daughter of Edward I. Not much is known about this early Elizabeth, but her name would become a royal favorite.
- Geoffrey: Another name with German roots, it may mean "peace," but no one knows for sure. Geoffrey of Anjou (Plantagenet) was the youngest Matilda's husband; their son, Henry II, succeeded to the throne when Matilda's cousin Stephen died.
- Henry: "Estate ruler." The name of no less than eight English kings and a fair number of princes, including the youngest son of the current Prince of Wales. Henry II was the first of what is known as the Plantagenet kings. He ruled a hybrid empire, including England, Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine (all by inheritance); Poitou, Aquitane, and Gascony (by his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine). During his time as king, he also acquired rule over Brittany and of Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. Henry's family would go on to establish dynastic marriages with other countries: His daughter Eleanor married the king of Castile, Joan married the king of Sicily, and Matilda married Henry the Lion.
- Margaret: The first royal Margaret was Margaret of France, the second wife of Edward I (grandson of John I and son of Henry III).
- Matilda: This warlike German name—it means "battle-mighty"—was brought to England by the wife of William the Conqueror. It was also the chosen name of the wife of William's son, Henry I, a descendant of Alfred who changed her Anglo-Saxon name, Edith, out of deference to the Norman's difficulty with Saxon names. The daughter of Henry and Matilda was also named Matilda.
- Richard: "Dominant ruler." Richard I, also known as Richard Coeur de Lion, was a knight who rode with the Third Crusade. He would lose the throne to his brother, John I, whose nicknames of Lackland and Softsword only hint at his weak and cruel nature, as well as his complete lack of ability as a ruler—he had been appointed lord of Ireland but was recalled from that position due to his incompetence.
- Robert: "Bright fame." The oldest son of William the Conqueror was given Normandy to rule. His younger brother, William II, succeeded his father, while Henry, the third son, got cash.
- Stephen: From the Greek, meaning "crowned." This name was borne by both Adela's husband, Stephen of Blois, and their son, who would fight with his cousin Matilda over who would rule England. Their battle was settled by a compromise that would allow Matilda's son to succeed to the crown when Stephen died.
More on: Choosing a Name
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Baby Names © 1999 by Sonia Weiss. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit the Idiot's Guide web site or call _PHONE_.


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The Asteroidal YORP Effect Observed
7 May, 2007 12:26 pm
For the first time, astronomers have witnessed the speeding up of an asteroid?s rotation rate (the YORP effect), and showed that it is due to a theoretical effect predicted but never observed. The international team of scientists used a suite of powerful telescopes to uncover that the asteroid is rotating faster by 1 millisecond every year, as a consequence of sunlight impinging upon its surface. Eventually it may spin faster than any known asteroid in the solar system and even break apart by rotational fission. These extraordinary findings are reported in two new companion papers in the journal Science.
Figure 1: Asteroid 2000 PH5 imaged with ESO's 3.5m New Technology Telescope in Chile on August 27, 2003, over a time span of 77 minutes. The asteroid can be seen moving relative to the background stars (Credit: Stephen C. Lowry).
The Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect (or YORP for short) is caused by sunlight striking the surfaces of asteroids. Light particles, or photons, have mass and so a small amount of momentum is transferred to the asteroid. At the same time, most of the sunlight is absorbed and re-radiated as heat giving rise to an even stronger recoil effect. If the asteroids' shape is sufficiently irregular then a net torque can arise that will change how fast an asteroid spins, and even cause the direction of its spin axis to slowly drift. Although this is an almost immeasurably weak force, its effect over millions of years can have a significant effect.
The existence of such a process has never been confirmed by direct observation of the effect in action, and all we have seen so far are end products of YORP. For example, the surprising spin-axis alignments of members of the Koronis asteroid family requires some mechanism to be causing the steady drifting and eventual alignment of their spin axes, and YORP has been shown by theoreticians to be the culprit.
Astronomers believe the YORP effect may also be responsible for spinning some asteroids up so fast that they break apart by centrifugal forces, perhaps leading to the formation of binary asteroids or even multiple-asteroid systems. Others may be slowed down so that they take many days to spin once or cause some asteroids to rotate chaotically. Just as intriguing is that this small effect can play an important role in changing the orbits of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, including their delivery to planet-crossing orbits, such as Near-Earth asteroids. Despite its importance and wide implications, the effect has never been seen acting on a solar system body.
Figure 2: Radar images obtained at the Arecibo facility in Puerto Rico on July 28, 2004, covering one full rotation of asteroid 2000 PH5 (columns 1 and 4). Corresponding shape-model fits to the images are shown in columns 2 and 5. Columns 3 and 6 are detailed 3-D renderings of the shape model itself (Credit: Taylor et al., Science 316, p274-277).
Using extensive optical and radar imaging from powerful Earth-based observatories, astronomers undertook the challenging task of measuring the YORP effect on an asteroid for the first time. Over a 4 year time span, Stephen Lowry from Queen's University (UK) and colleagues took images of a small near-Earth asteroid, known as (54509) 2000 PH5, using a range of large telescope facilities in Chile, Spain, Czech Republic, the Canary Islands, and Hawaii. With these facilities the astronomers measured the tiny brightness variations as the asteroid rotated, providing a means to measure changes in the asteroids' spin rate.
Near-Earth asteroid (54509) 2000 PH5, was discovered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory's near-Earth asteroid search program (LINEAR) on August 3rd 2000. It is one of only a handful of objects known to be co-orbital companions of Earth and approaches our planet annually to within just 5 lunar distances. This, along with its small size of 114m, makes it a perfect candidate for a first YORP detection. Furthermore, it was already spinning at an exceptionally fast rate with one 'day' on the asteroid lasting just over 12 minutes, and so the effect may have been acting on this asteroid for some time and still doing so.
The final result was even stronger than hoped. After careful analysis of the optical data, the asteroid's spin rate was seen to steadily increase with time. Critically, the effect was observed year after year, for more than 4 years, and the rate-of-change can be explained by YORP theory. The theoretical YORP strength for this asteroid was determined from detailed shape modelling derived from radar observations obtained by Patrick Taylor and Jean-Luc Margot of Cornell University. The first direct confirmation of the existence of YORP has now been obtained.
In April 2004 the International Astronomical Union bestowed on asteroid 2000 PH5 the official name of 'YORP', in honour of Ivan O. Yarkovsky, John A. O'Keefe, V. V. Radzievskij and Stephen J. Paddack who were instrumental to the realization that radiation torques due to sunlight can affect the spin states of minor planets.
To predict what will happen to this asteroid in the future, Lowry and colleagues performed detailed computer simulations using the measured strength of the YORP effect and the detailed shape model. They found that the orbit of the asteroid about the Sun could remain stable for up to the next 35 million years, allowing the rotation period to be reduced to just 20 seconds, faster than any asteroid roation period measured so far. They also predict that there should be a population of ultra fast rotators (less than a few 10s of seconds) awaiting discovery, and that sunlight-induced rotational fission could be happening on small kilometre-sized asteroids today.
Overall, this detection will fuel further studies of the YORP effect on asteroids, and enhances our overall understanding of small solar system bodies, important for unlocking the secrets of the early system. Asteroids and comets are the only survivors from the planet formation era, about 4.5 billion years in the past.
Fig 3: The observed relative variation in the rotation period is seen to change from year to year (black dots). The solid curve is the expected theoretical YORP strength derived from the 3-D shape model (Credit: Lowry et al., Science 316, p272-274).
 Stephen C. Lowry, Alan Fitzsimmons, Petr Pravec, David Vokrouhlicky, Hermann Boehnhardt, Patrick A. Taylor, Jean-Luc Margot, Adrian Galad, Mike Irwin, Jonathan Irwin, and Peter Kusnirak (2007). Direct Detection of the Asteroidal YORP Effect, Published in Science, Vol. 316, p272-274 ( _URL_ ).
 Patrick A. Taylor, Jean-Luc Margot, David Vokrouhlicky, Daniel J. Scheeres, Petr Pravec, Stephen C. Lowry, Alan Fitzsimmons, Michael C. Nolan, Steven J. Ostro, Lance A. M. Benner, Jon D. Giorgini, Christopher Magri (2007). Spin Rate of Asteroid (54509) 2000 PH5 Increasing due to the YORP Effect, Published in Science, Vol. 316, p274-277 ( _URL_ ).
S. C. Lowry, et al, Direct Detection of the Asteroidal YORP Effect, Science, 13 April 2007:
Vol. 316. no. 5822, pp. 272 - 274


text:
Panel members at the time of adoption
Note: The full opinion will be published in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008 once the decision on confidentiality will be received from the European Commission.
The food enzyme α‐amylase (1,4‐α‐d‐glucan glucanohydrolase; EC 22.214.171.124) is produced with a non‐genetically modified Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius strain DP‐Gzb47 by Danisco US Inc. The α‐amylase food enzyme is intended to be used in brewing processes and distilled alcohol production. Since residual amounts of the food enzyme are removed by distillation, dietary exposure was only calculated for brewing processes. Based on the maximum use levels recommended for brewing processes, and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–Total Organic Solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.880 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. As the production strain of P. thermoglucosidasius meets the requirements for a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach, no toxicological data are required. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched for and no match was found. The Panel considered that under the intended conditions of use, other than distilled alcohol production, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood for this to occur is considered to be low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.


text:
I have a project that requires more than 200 damage cases with some cases being coppies of the other one with one compartment les for example. Is there a way to duplicate existing cases or create them in txt or excell and import into Maxsurf to speed up the process?
Yes - there are definitely ways you can simplify this process and take some of the manual work out of it.
There are three main solutions that you could do here:
1) All of the tables in MAXSURF can be copied and pasted into Excel and back again. So one method would be to create your 200 damage cases
- Ctrl-A in the Damage Case window, if you select multiple columns you can add multiple cases at once
- You can copy the Damage Cases Table out to Excel. Shift-Ctrl-C will copy the table with headers.
- In Excel you can use formulas etc to manipulate and create all of your damage combinations
- Use Copy Paste to bring the table back into MAXSURF
2) Use the MAXSURF COM interface to talk directly between Excel VBA and MAXSURF. For a problem like this, I would use the Extents of damage capabilities and over create damage cases, then search and remove duplicates.
- Take a look at the Automation Samples in the install folder (C:\Program Files\Bentley\Offshore\MAXSURF CONNECT Edition V23\Automation Samples) and the Automation manual in Modeler (Help | MAXSURF Modeler Automation Help) to learn about using COM.
- If you have troubles getting started with COM, take a look at MAXSURF Automation COM Troubleshooting - MAXSURF | MOSES | SACS - Wiki - MAXSURF | MOSES | SACS - Bentley Communities
3) The Probabilistic Stability in MAXSURF Ultimate can automatically create all of the damage combinations you require. You will need to set up the regions on the vessel (zones, bulkheads and decks). Once you have the cases you want in the probabilistic damage, you can copy them across to Deterministic Cases using Cases | Copy Prob Dam Cases.My question back to you, is how do you intend to manage and present this many cases to Class? Do you have 200 damage cases x 10 intact cases? If you are dealing with 2000 cases, then you're going to have to be thoughtful about how you will manage the results that you generate.
Thank you. I think using Excel method we cannot copy the Extend of Damage assiged to each case. Correct?
There are 3 intact Load Cases. In total, including intermediate flooding, there will be about 340 damage cases. Still a lot!


Leith Walk
Leith Walk. Our share of the profits.
research project and exhibition
Interview Room 11, Edinburgh
9-30 June 2017
Video installation that consists on 3 synchronized videos installed as windows. The videos show a landscape in which a performer enters and gives a speech acting as a guide.
13min length.
A piece of bread painted green was the symbol of the strike that took place in the port of Leith in 1913. Along with the bread was a banner, "Our share of the profits", making evident the precarious work that faced the dock workers. They demanded an increase in wages and an improvement in working conditions, as well as the request that only staff belonging to a union could be recruited. The call was an unprecedented success that mobilised the entire community of Leith. Despite that, workers from other cities filled positions and the strike was suspended without having fulfilled its expectations. It is the history of the workers' failed attempt to defend their rights, but they had to try, and it needs to be told one century later. Sometimes, the history
of a street, the history of this neighbourhood, also tells us the history of a country. In the 1980s, during Margaret Thatcher's tenure, another major crisis came to the port industry. The mass unemployment that devastated the United Kingdom, especially Scotland (Leith included), provoked an emigration that was not new in the history of this country. Nowadays, the neighbourhood seems to have recovered and an attempt at gentrification may become the next threat. New urban plans have changed the profile of Leith and its port. However, the current period of ideologically driven austerity cuts has resulted in a further stagnation of these developments and some of the areas seem closer to a dystopian future than to urban revitalization. Carme Nogueira knows the city by walking the streets, reading books and looking for experiences. She rebuilds the place by rescuing its history and its tracks, analysing the communities and their interaction with its immediate context. Three people connected with Edinburgh's artistic community have been chosen to read texts related to the history of the neighbourhood in front of a camera: a speech addressed to the strikers, the words of a worker and a paragraph of a song which regrets forced emigration. The chosen places are key points in the history of Leith, although they have been modified by the passage of time, as well as the social and political context. The meaning of each word bring new resonances but it is still the story of Leith, this time told from our present: struggles, victories and disappointments, and a tribute to its neighbours, who have managed to maintain the spirit of this place, so close and so far from the rest of Edinburgh.
Ana González Chouciño
Artículos relacionados
Western Harbour
Gaiety Theather


text:
Background. Although cancer has been considered as a chronic disease for those diagnosed, the long-term impact of cancer on the family caregivers' quality of life (QOL) remains unknown. Thus, the current study aimed: (a) to characterize family caregivers of cancer survivors, (b) to describe the multidimensional aspects of QOL of family caregivers of cancer survivors, and (c) to identify demographic and caregiving experience factors that may play significant roles in the caregivers' QOL around 5 years after the relative's initial diagnosis. Methods. A total of 1218 caregivers participated in the 5-year follow-up nationwide QOL Survey for Caregivers. Demographics and caregiving experiences were measured 2 years post-diagnosis of their relative's cancer. Multidimensional aspects of QOL were assessed, including mental and physical health, psychological adjustment, and spirituality at 5 years post-diagnosis. Results. Three groups of caregivers were identified: former caregivers due to the recipients being in remission, former caregivers whose recipients were deceased, and current caregivers. Current caregivers reported worst levels of QOL. Bereaved caregivers reported lower levels of psychological and spiritual adjustment than former caregivers whose recipients were in remission. In addition, caregivers' age and stress were consistent predictors of QOL across three caregiver groups at 5 years post-diagnosis. Conclusions. The findings help to increase evidence-based awareness of the long-term impact of cancer on the family caregivers' QOL. Findings also have implications for developing programs, whereby family caregivers in the various phases of caregivership will benefit by improving their QOL.
- long-term survivorship
- quality of life
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am studying coinduction(not induction) as part of a class on static analysis. Rummaging around the internet, I am simply not finding a clear, concise description of:
 - How coinduction actually proves something(it seems that coinduction is like waving a magic hand in the treatments I've read)
 - What propositions require coinductive proof
 - How to operate a coinductive proof
I have reviewed Wikipedia and a tutorial on co-induction/co-algebras.
My best understanding:
Coinduction is used in propositions such as:
f(x) =... f(x)...
Where... denotes "stuff here that doesn't rely on f(x)".
Then, f(x) is assumed true, and the... is proved. If... holds, then the proposition f(x) holds, out to and including infinity.
The treatments I've read include a functional function Q that takes f(x) and returns some f'(x), and somehow that makes it all better.
At an abstract level, I read that coinduction operates over a coalgebra, which is dual to induction/algebras.
This (1) seems awfully like circular reasoning and (2)seems awfully like voodoo. I suspect part of what I'm missing is a careful and clear description of coalgebras, plus how we jump from algebra into a coalgebra and back again. The professor declined to go into that part of the subject.
Note: I'm not an algebraicist by study- I write software and my thesis is over low-level software operations. So this is really unfamiliar to me and I'm trying to de-jargon this into my head.
(semi-cross-posted from stackoverflow.com)
share|improve this question
Are you familiar with Haskell? Its data types are coalgebraic (by default). – Reid Barton Oct 16 '09 at 19:11
Not such that I can write it; I can follow it a bit. – Paul Oct 17 '09 at 17:55
2 Answers 2
Here's an informal example of a proof by coinduction.
The extended natural numbers E = {0, 1, 2,..., ∞} are the final coalgebra for the functor F(X) = 1 + X. (If we have an F-coalgebra X, i.e. a set X with a map f : X -> 1 + X, and an element of X, what we can do is repeatedly apply f until we get the element of 1 rather than a new element of X. Counting the number of times we got new elements of X gives us an element of E. This is the unique F-coalgebra map X -> E.) In Haskell we would write
data Nat = Z | S Nat -- possible values are Z, S Z, S (S Z),..., S (S (S...))
We can define addition:
add :: Nat -> Nat -> Nat
add Z b = b
add (S a1) b = S (add a1 b)
I'll prove that add a Z = a by coinduction. We perform case analysis on a. If a = Z then it follows from the first equation. If a = S a1 then add a Z = add (S a1) Z = S (add a1 Z) = S a1 = a where the next-to-last step used the coinductive hypothesis.
Why isn't that circular reasoning? We were allowed to apply the coinductive hypothesis because we did so inside an application of the "constructor" S. In other words, even if you didn't believe the coinductive hypothesis, you would still conclude that add a Z and a were both of the form Z or both of the form S x--in other words, add a Z and a agree for to one observation. Using that statement where we used the coinductive hypothesis, you find that add a Z and a agree to two observations, etc. Since an element of E is determined by all the finite sequences of observations we can make, it follows that add a Z = a.
(Note that this argument works even when a = S (S (S...))!)
Exercise: Give a formal version of this argument, using the definition of E as the final F-coalgebra.
share|improve this answer
If you take the minimum solution of (Nat = Z | S Nat) then the argument by induction is (add Z Z = Z) and (add (S b) Z = S (add b Z) = S b). That is, it looks exactly the same as your argument by coinduction! Does this always happen? Often? – rgrig Sep 8 '10 at 12:06
This was my attempt to produce a proof by coinduction. A coalgebra for an endofunctor F on a category C is just an object of C, say X, together with a map, X \to FX. The best introduction to coalgebra I found was Bart Jacobs Introduction to Coalgebra.
share|improve this answer
I actually came across your post when googling. Unfortunately, the jargon is a bit over my head at this point. :( – Paul Oct 16 '09 at 14:19
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to work out a formula to match a following pattern: input string example:
if any of the patterns above exist in a particular input string I want to match it as the same pattern.
also is it possible to do a variable substitution using regex? meaning check for the 3 chars of the string by using each character as a variable and just doing an increment/decrement for each character? so that you dont have to specify the particular number ranges (hardcoding the pattern string ) for different patterns?
Is there any good library one can use for this?? I was working with Pattern class in java.
If you have any link which would be helpful please pass it through :) Thank you.
share|improve this question
And what about 343? – Nikita Rybak Aug 23 '10 at 3:36
ya that also. (3/4)(3/4)(3/4) for each character. similarly wanted to do it for multiple numbers. so was looking for some kind of variable substitution ( for each character ) if that is possible in regex. – JJunior Aug 23 '10 at 3:46
Personally, I have trouble understanding what exactly you want. Can you provide some examples? (unless codaddict answered your question, of course) – Nikita Rybak Aug 23 '10 at 3:55
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Let's first consider this pattern: [34]{3}
The […] is a character class, it matches exactly one of the characters in the set. The {n} is an exact finite repetition.
So, [34]{3} informally means "exactly 3 of either '3' or '4'". Thus, it matches "333", "334", "343", "344", "433", "434", "443", "444", and nothing else.
As a string literal, the pattern is "[34]{3}". If you don't want to hardcode this pattern, then just generate similar-looking strings that follows this template "[…]{n}". Just put the characters that you want to match in the, and substitute n with the number you want.
Here's an example:
 String alpha = "aeiou";
 int n = 5;
 String pattern = String.format("[%s]{%s}", alpha, n);
 // [aeiou]{5}
We've now seen that the pattern is not hardcoded, but rather programmatically generated depending on the values of the variables alpha and n. The pattern [aeiou]{5} will 5 consecutive lowercase vowels, e.g. "ooiae", "ioauu", "eeeee", etc.
It's again not clear if you just want to match these kinds of strings, or if they have to appear like '…'/'…'/'…'/'…'/'…'. If the latter is desired, then simply compose the pattern as desired, using repetition and grouping as necessary. You can also just programmatically copy and paste the pattern 5 times if that's simpler. Here's an example:
 String p5 = String.format("'%s'/'%


text:
===== Insert text regarding state=QLD here. ======
A prank call, also known as a crank call or nuisance call, is a form of practical joke over the telephone. This includes threatening someone over the phone as well as hanging up the phone once the receiver has picked up the phone. Repeated prank calls can amount to harassment, stalking or even bullying. It is important to use common sense and realise that prank calls can cause fear and distress to other people.
Which types are prank calls are considered offences?
- Threatening to kill someone (not necessarily the person you called) over the phone with the intention that they will believe you.
- Threatening to cause serious harm to someone (not necessarily the person you called) over the phone with the intention that they will believe you.
- Threatening that you have left/will leave an explosive or dangerous object somewhere with the intention that they will believe you.
- If you menace, harass or cause offence to a person over the phone, either by what you are saying or the way you are saying it.
The penalties for making threatening calls can be very serious.
Calls to emergency services (000)
- Dialling '000' and pretending that there is an emergency. Penalty – 3 years imprisonment.
- Dialling '000' for a reason other than an emergency situation. Penalty – 3 years imprisonment.
The penalties for making prank calls to emergency services can be very serious.
Calls are not only considered to be prank calls when it is threatening. Other types of prank calls may be classified as harassment depending on the words said, time and its circumstances.
So it is possible that you are not intending to threaten someone over the phone, but if your calls are annoying the receiver, they can ask their mobile company or the police to investigate and trace the prank call.
What can I do if I receive a prank call?
Hang up immediately. If you keep getting prank calls, you can make a complaint to the local police. They can then investigate, and, if necessary, prosecute the person who made the call.
You can also contact your phone company to help. For example, Telstra has a special call centre to help customers who are receiving unwanted phone calls. However your phone company is not obliged to disclose the information of the person calling you, unless asked by the police.
If you receive a phone call, you should not:
- Find out yourself who the caller is – this may be dangerous
- Threaten the caller
- Pretend you are a police officer when receiving the phone call (Impersonating a police officer)
If you threaten the caller or pretend to be a police officer, this may result in you being investigated for a criminal offence.
Stalking by prank calls
Unwanted contact through any technological means that happens more than once and causes concern or fear may constitute stalking. This means that repeated prank calls may be considered stalking. The penalties for stalking by prank calls can be very serious.
Bullying by prank calls
Repeated prank calls may also be bullying. If the prank calls becomes harassment, or illegal threats, then it becomes a form of bullying. Please refer to our Bullying section.
This information was last reviewed 6th June 2010.


text:
Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)
Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary, United Kingdom
MARINE PROTECTED AREA
More info about Marine conservation
Please, login to help us
Hey friend, could you provide us a wikipedia URL with a good description of this protected area?
Please, be sure that you are suggesting an english language wikipedia URL (_URL_....)mark it as wrong
The Firth of Tay[pronunciation?] (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Tatha) is a firth in Scotland between the council areas of Fife, Perth and Kinross, the City of Dundee and Angus, into which Scotland's largest river in terms of flow, the River Tay empties. The firth has a maximum width of 3 mi (4.8 km) at Invergowrie.
Two bridges span the firth, the Tay Road Bridge and the Tay Rail Bridge.
The firth has one major island, the marshy Mugdrum Island.
The Firth of Tay in Antarctica was discovered in 1892-93 by Captain Thomas Robertson of the Dundee whaling expedition and named by him after the one in Scotland. He also named nearby Dundee Island in honour of the main city on the firth.
The Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary were designated a Ramsar sites on 28 July 2000, as a Special Protection Area on 02 February 2000 and as a Special Area of Conservation on 17 March 2005. Several parts are within a site of special scientific interest - Inner Tay Estuary, Monifieth Bay, Tayport-Tentsmuir Coast. The Invergowrie Bay section is a local nature reserve.
The Firth of Tay is outstanding for its extensive sand and mudflats, its population of common seals and for its wintering birds such as oystercatcher, bar-tailed godwit, shelduck and velvet scoter. There is good access to much of the shoreline and many good wildlife watching opportunities.
At some 15km in length, the reedbed on the north shore of the inner estuary is thought to be the most extensive in Britain.
Coordinates: 56°26′N 3°00′W / 56.433°N 3°W / 56.433; -3
Do you want to say something about this protected area? Start a thread
Thanks friend, Could you tell us where you got this information?
Sorry, it is not possible to edit this geometry online. In the next few months we will be adding tools to edit complicated boundaries. Please try again soon!


text:
What is reboiler used for distillation column?
Reboilers are heat exchangers typically used to provide heat to the bottom of industrial distillation columns. They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to generate vapors which are returned to the column to drive the distillation separation.
How do I choose a reboiler?
In reboiler selection some critical choices include whether to: vaporize on the shell side or tube side; rely on gravity flow or forced flow; orient the unit vertically or horizontally; opt for a flow-through or kettle design; and install baffles inside the tower.
What are the design parameters for distillation column?
The design of a distillation column involves many parameters: product compositions, product flowrates, operating pressure, total number of trays, feed tray location, reflux ratio, reboiler heat input, condenser heat removal, column diameter, and column height.
What is the reboiler duty?
The reboiler heat duty is essentially a sum of the energy utilized for three main purposes: raising the temperature of CO2-loaded solution to the boiling point, breaking the chemical bonds between CO2 and absorption solvent, and generating water vapor to establish an operating CO2 partial pressure needed for CO2 …
What is a kettle type reboiler?
Kettle Reboilers A kettle reboiler is designed to allow a heating fluid to pass through tubes that are covered in the liquid you want to be distilled. As the liquid heats up and boils, it is sent to the distillation column and condensed by cooling liquid.
How do you design a distillation column?
As mentioned, distillation columns are designed using VLE data for the mixtures to be separated. The vapour-liquid equilibrium characteristics (indicated by the shape of the equilibrium curve) of the mixture will determine the number of stages, and hence the number of trays, required for the separation.
How many stages should a distillation column have?
When more ideal stages are required, the packing should be separated into sections of no more than 10 ideal stages, with vapor and liquid redistribution in between.
What is the purpose of a distillation column?
Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on different boiling points.
Why does a reboiler put inside the column?
– Space utilization factor – Steam requirement – Service life – Most important "fixed and operating cost"
What is Podbielniak distillation column?
podbielniak_extractor centrifugal action separation contact resultant device centrifugal_action PLATE TOWER A distillation tower along the internal height of which is a series of transverse plates (bubble-cap or sieve) to force intimate contact between downward flowing liquid and upward flowing vapor.
What are the three types of distillation column?
multi-product column – column has more than two product streams: where the extra feed exits when it is used to help with the separation, extractive distillation – where the extra feed appears in the bottom product stream: azeotropic distillation – where the extra feed appears at the top product stream


text:
This technique is adapted from author Jonathan Goldman. He says that simple, self-created vocal sounds such as elongated vowels like "ah", "oh" or even an "mmm" humming sound can have profound and positive effects on your physical, mental and emotional states.
For example, Goldman says these sounds can:
1. Calm your nervous system, lower blood pressure and heart rate, and can reduce levels of stress-related hormones such as cortisol.
2. Increase melatonin, a hormone which helps us sleep at night.
3. Release endorphins—those self-created "feel good" brain chemicals.
Feeling stress or anxiety? Take a nice deep breath and sound forth with an "ah" a few times….or just hum for a minute or two. No one will hear you but you'll feel a lot more relaxed almost instantly.


text:
A grandson's photo album. Old postcards. English porcelain. A granite headstone. These are just a few of the material objects that help reconstruct the histories of colonial people who lived during Japan's empire. These objects, along with oral histories and visual imagery, reveal aspects of lives that reliance on the colonial archive alone cannot. They help answer the primary question of Lost Histories: Is it possible to write the history of Japan's colonial subjects? Kirsten Ziomek contends that it is possible, and in the process she brings us closer to understanding the complexities of their lives.
Lost Histories provides a geographically and temporally holistic view of the Japanese empire from the early 1900s to the 1970s. The experiences of the four least-examined groups of Japanese colonial subjects—the Ainu, Taiwan's indigenous people, Micronesians, and Okinawans—are the centerpiece of the book. By reconstructing individual life histories and following these people as they crossed colonial borders to the metropolis and beyond, Ziomek conveys the dynamic nature of an empire in motion and explains how individuals navigated the vagaries of imperial life.


text:
National AIA Convention 2023 Immerses and Inspires Overlands' Young Professionals with Experiences and Resources to Design a Better World!
Last week, Overland Partners' own Allison Lerma, AIA, NCARB, Senior Architect and Sabrina Ortiz, Designer II, set their projects aside to participate in A'23, the AIA National Convention held in San Francisco. Centered around the theme "America By Design®," this year's convention brought together over 13,000 professionals from across the United States and around the world at the Moscone Center, the nation's First LEED Platinum Convention Center. The conference featured a wide range of engaging events, including daily keynotes, roundtable discussions, an expansive expo hall, as well as studio and project field tours. Reflecting on their experience, Allison and Sabrina have shared their key insights and takeaways from this exciting conference.
- The national convention for architects exceeded Allison's and Sabrina's expectations with its impressive scale, meaningful discussions, renowned speakers, diverse exhibits, and amazing studio and project tours. Highlights included enriching interactive opportunities with fellow architects, thought-provoking roundtable discussions on equity, diversity, and inclusion, tours of architectural studios and innovative projects that address climate change and the housing crisis.
- This year, the keynote speaker at the convention included a captivating presentation by Jacinda Ardern, the former Prime Minister of New Zealand, who began her tenure at the age of 37. She faced numerous formidable challenges during her time in office, including a live-streamed domestic terror attack on the Muslim community, a volcanic eruption, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Ms. Ardern's leadership, rooted in her values of people-centricity, kindness, and what she refers to as "pragmatic idealism," led New Zealand to achieve one of the lowest COVID-19 mortality rates among developed nations, saving countless lives. Her inspiring story highlighted the importance of embracing vulnerability while maintaining resilience and strength. These powerful messages were also echoed by AIA National, as the organization made history with women holding leadership positions in the organization for the first time ever.
- The Women's Leadership Luncheon emerged as an incredibly inspiring event during the convention with invaluable advice shared by women leaders. One key piece of wisdom emphasized the importance of building a network of champions, a notion that highlights the significance of cultivating relationships with individuals who believe in and support one's aspirations. Additionally, the luncheon underscored the significance of finding one's tribe, a supportive community that fosters personal and professional growth. Moreover, the role of a good leader was highlighted as being committed to securing the future, demonstrating the essential responsibility to mentor and empower the next generation. These messages left a lasting impression, encouraging Allison and Sabrina to approach their work with enthusiasm, collaboration, and a sense of purpose.
- An overarching message of this year's convention was the imperative of Equity + Justice. Attendees were deeply engaged in discussions and presentations that focused on the critical need to foster inclusivity, equality, and social justice within the field. The convention provided a platform to address systemic barriers, promote diversity in all its forms, and amplify the voices of underrepresented groups. They learned that a mere two percent of architects in the U.S. are Black (NCARB 2023.) This means that out of approximately 121,603 licensed architects practicing in the country, only 2,492 identify as Black. This concerning statistic highlights the need for greater diversity and inclusivity within the field of architecture.
- The convention brought attention to critical challenges, particularly the urgent housing crisis, which disproportionately affects individuals experiencing homelessness and is a pervasive issue across metropolitan areas in the U.S. During their visit, they had the opportunity to explore 1064 Mission Street, the city's largest supportive housing development. This pioneering project utilized a combination of site-built and factory-built modular housing, with the goal of setting a national example. It integrates numerous elements designed to support San Francisco's most vulnerable and chronically homeless community members in attaining housing stability, improving their health outcomes, and fostering greater independence in their lives.
- Climate change and sustainability took center stage during the convention, with a strong emphasis on these critical aspects of design. A noteworthy topic was the involvement in policy-making that directly impacts the climate, presenting attendees with a fresh and proactive approach to tackling this global issue. The convention served as a platform for exchanging ideas and fostering a collective commitment to creating a more sustainable and resilient future.
- The list of experiences was further enhanced by field tours of various studios and projects. Internationally acclaimed studios such as SOM, Foster+Partners, and the Autodesk Technology Center showcased the next frontier of architectural design, leaving a lasting impression on attendees. They also were able to learn more about Enscape's new energy modeling program.
- In addition, Allison and Sabrina had the privilege of visiting the newly completed Caymus-Suisun Winery. The tour offered a unique insight into the design strategies employed to create a warm and inviting hospitality environment while simultaneously addressing the distinct climatic challenges presented by the beautiful Suisun Valley. The focus was on crafting a winery that not only provides a delightful experience for visitors but also becomes a vibrant community destination in harmony with its surroundings.
- Lastly, the convention explored strategies to address significant issues that have a profound impact on both society and the profession. One crucial approach is to focus on exposure and education about architecture to underrepresented groups at an early age, starting in elementary school and providing ongoing support and mentorship through college and into the workforce, particularly for marginalized communities. Advocacy and policy work play a vital role in addressing challenges such as climate change as well as diversity and inclusion, and it is the responsibility of all professionals to actively engage in these efforts. By promoting education, diversity, and policy involvement, architects can contribute to positive change and make a lasting impact on both the industry and society as a whole.
"It was my second time going, but the last time I went, I was still a student. Experiencing it as a professional added a whole new level of perspective that I really enjoyed! "
Sabrina Ortiz Luna
"It was my first time going and I found it very rewarding on multiple levels."
Learn more about the National American Institute of Architects!
Get to know Overland Partners!
Check out more from the AIA '23 Conference!


Tag Archives: lipotropics MIC
lose stubborn fat
Lose Stubborn Fat with Lipotropic Injections
This weight loss supplement gives you the health benefits of vitamin B and helps you lose weight
Lipotropics might sound like some strange kind of injection. If you read that word and wonder what the heck is that?—you aren't alone!
It's easy to question the legitimacy of lipotropics when the name of it doesn't sound like anything you're familiar with. But when you break it down, the purpose is right there in the name: lipo means fat and tropics means related to, influencing, or changing a certain hormone or part of the body.
Lipotropics simply means a substance that changes fat content in the body. So these are nothing more than injections that help people lose the stubborn fat that's been most difficult to lose.
But how do these injections help people lose weight?
What Are Lipotropics Made Of?
Lipotropics are most often a mix of B vitamins, methionine, inositol, and choline. And these injections are proving to drastically improve weight management and overall quality of life.
For starters, Vitamin B is an essential nutrient with a ton of health benefits. Vitamin B:
 - Prevents osteoporosis
 - Reduces risk of eye disease like macular degeneration
 - Improves mood
 - Reduces depression symptoms
 - Improves brain health
 - Boosts energy
 - Promotes healthy hair, skin, and nails
And there's more than just one type of vitamin B. What's often called vitamin B complex is the whole group of B vitamins that we need to be in good health.
Vitamin B-12 specifically is one of the most important for healthy metabolism and weight loss. But the absorption of vitamin B-12 isn't always complete through normal consumption. Which is why injections are often provided now for those who will benefit from it.
As for the other compounds in lipotropic injections—methionine, inositol, and choline—these are incredibly beneficial molecules that get to work improving your metabolism and preventing fat accumulation in your cells.
Methionine is an amino acid that must come from our diet. Although our bodies can't produce it on their own, it's important for proper cell function, relieving pain, liver function, and detoxing the body.
Inositol has varied health benefits, but significantly elevates mood and prevents fat build-up in your cells
And choline is another essential nutrient your body can't produce on its own. But your body needs it for transporting nutrients and good metabolism.
But how do all these compounds mixed together lead to weight loss?
Lipotropic injections reduce fat in your liver and improve metabolism
Your liver function is important for good, healthy metabolism. But that gets compromised by having too much fat in the body. Because as fat levels elevate in the body, fat also builds up in the liver.
The way you can end up with too much fat in your liver is simply by eating too many calories. And when this fat build-up happens, your liver loses the ability to function at full capacity. This means it won't be able to filter out toxins as efficiently and liver inflammation develops. And if your liver gets inflamed, you can end up with more serious and life-threatening complications beyond weight gain alone.
Lipotropics are actually able to prevent and reduce fat build-up in the liver.
The compounds in the injection get delivered to the areas of your body that hold onto fat cells—including the liver. As the liver loses fat, it works more efficiently. Your metabolism improves and your body has an easier time breaking down carbohydrates and stored fats.
So how can you ensure you get all these essential nutrients to protect your liver and lose stubborn fat?
At Valley Medical Weight Loss we offer four affordably-priced high-end options that get you the results you're looking for safely.
 - B12 Injection
You'll typically find two types of B12 injections. Some use cyanocobalamin and others use methylcobalamin.
Our top-of-the-line B12 injections are made using methylcobalamin. This is the most natural option for B12 injections. While cyanocobalamin is purely synthetic (man-made), methylcobalamin is a compound that naturally occurs in foods like eggs, fish, meat, and dairy.
Our B12 supplements are designed to give you the many benefits of vitamin B12 including:
 - More energy
 - Fat metabolism
 - Better sleep
 - Healthy immune function
 - Improved vision
 - Lipo B Injection
With the Lipo B injections, you get a blend of B12 and B6 plus methionine, choline, and inositol.
All of these together prevent fat build-up and increases fat removal from your liver.
This is one of our most popular entry-level injections that will help you feel energized, lose stubborn fat, and detox your liver. It'll help you achieve the weight loss you've been working hard for.
 - Lipo Excel Injection
Our Lipo Excel injection is our most popular option for a reason: you get everything in Lipo B plus a B5 vitamin and L-carnitine.
Why are B5 and L-carnitine so important?
B5 gives an extra boost to your energy levels and helps your body more efficiently break down fats.
L-carnitine does the important work of increasing your strength and lowering fatigue while suppressing your appetite.
It's common knowledge that you'll lose weight by cutting calories. L-carnitine makes that easier to do. You can cut calories without feeling all the fatigue and frustration that often comes with eating less!
 - Lipo Blast Injection
When you get the Lipo Blast injections you get the very best of what lipotropics has to offer.
This injection is a complete B-complex vitamin blend with the best lipotropic compounds that burn fat fast.
The Lipo Blast injection can help lower your cholesterol, boost metabolism, and improve your overall energy and mood. Plus you still get the L-carnitine for the added benefits of suppressed appetite and improved energy.
Ready to lose stubborn fat? Get the right lipotropic for your fat loss goals
Whatever your goals and current health concerns are, we have a safe and healthful lipotropic option for you.
Learn more about our lipotropic injections for weight loss or reach out to one of our locations nearest you to talk to one of our specialists about your options.
 1. Berkheiser, Kaitlyn. "9 Health Benefits of Vitamin B12, Based on Science." Healthline, Healthline Media, _URL_
 2. Tinsley, Grant. "Methionine: Functions, Food Sources and Side Effects." Healthline, Healthline Media, 13 Apr. 2018, _URL_
 3. Meixner, Makayla. "Inositol: Benefits, Side Effects and Dosage." Healthline, Healthline Media, _URL_
 4. Link, Rachael. "Methylcobalamin vs. Cyanocobalamin." Healthline, Healthline Media, 12 May 2020, _URL_


text:
August 22, 2005
The new school year is
here. For many, this means getting a new backpack and filling
it with new supplies, new books, and all the electronic necessities
one needs to make it through the school day.
"Compared to shoulder
bags or purses, backpacks are better because the strongest muscles
in the body - the back and the abdominal muscles - support the
weight of the packs. When worn correctly, the weight is evenly
distributed across the child's body, and shoulder and neck injuries
are less common than if the child carried a briefcase or purse.
As practical as backpacks are, though, they can strain muscles
and joints and may cause back pain if they're too heavy or are
So, backpacks "can
strain muscles and joints and may cause back pain..." How
bad could that be?
"'If we don't correct
the backpack issues that are causing children back pain, the issue
will become magnified in years to come,' Wilmarth said. According
to Wilmarth, injury can occur when a child, in trying to adapt
to a heavy load, uses faulty postures such as arching the back,
bending forward, or leaning to one side. These postural adaptations
can cause improper spinal alignment, which hampers functioning
of the disks that provide shock absorption. A backpack load that
is too heavy also causes muscles and soft tissues to work harder,
leading to strain and fatigue. This leaves the neck, shoulders,
and back more vulnerable to injury."
Students need to carry
school supplies and books. As damaging as they can be, backpacks
seem to be the best way to carry what school demands with the
least amount of injury and/ or pain. So what can be done?
The American Academy
of Pediatrics recommends:
"* Choose a backpack with wide, padded shoulder straps and
a padded back.
* Pack light. Organize the backpack to use all of its compartments.
Pack heavier items closest to the center of the back. The backpack
should never weigh more than 10 to 20 percent of the student's
* Always use both shoulder straps. Slinging a backpack over one
shoulder can strain muscles. Wearing a backpack on one shoulder
may also increase curvature of the spine.
* Consider a rolling backpack. This type of backpack may be a
good choice for students who must tote a heavy load. Remember
that rolling backpacks still must be carried up stairs, and they
may be difficult to roll in snow."
Those are nice thoughts...
that may work for some people. But what about small students who
need to carry a heavy load, or those in schools without lockers,
or those days when every teachers seems to give homework that
requires bringing home the book?
"September 21 st
is National School Backpack Awareness Day. Each year over 5,000
school children go to emergency rooms because of injuries related
to over-weighted backpacks and in a recent study 60% of school
age children reported chronic back pain related to heavy backpacks.
Occupational therapists recommend that a student's backpack weighs
no more than 15% of their body weight. On September 21 st occupational
therapists around the area will be weighing in backpacks at schools
to make sure students are not carrying too much. Look out for
occupational therapists in your local school, and remember, "Pack
it Right, Wear it Light!" to prevent injury. For more information
on National Backpack Awareness Day and how occupational therapy
can help you or your family, visit the American Occupational Therapy
Association website at _URL_"
The American Occupational
Therapy Association (AOTA) wants to help students carry books
and supplies safely and in such a way as to reduce the instances
of injury. At the same time, "AOTA recognizes that schools
are under tremendous pressure, with limited resources, to educate
children about far more than the traditional academic subjects.
However, there are some things that teachers and school administrators
can consider that will help reduce backpack loads to the recommended
15% or less of a child's weight...."
(Recommendations can be found at the above site)
Questions of the Week:
The American Occupational Therapy Association poses the following
questions: "What can be done on a physical level, such as
providing lockers or cubicles where books, supplies, and athletic
equipment can be safely stored?... What can be done to lessen
the backpack burden at the curricula level?"
In addition, what do
you and your peers need to know about choosing a backpack and
wearing it properly? What role should schools (teachers and administrators)
be expected to take in reducing the load? What responsibility
should students assume in order to assure that they are carrying
books and other supplies in a way that will not injure them? When
is a backpack too heavy to carry, and how do you transport your
materials if what you need is heavier than what you can safely
Please email me with any ideas or suggestions.
Note: Due to increasing amounts of SPAM sent to this account, please include "QOW" in the subject line when sending me email.
I look forward to reading
what you have to say.
Health Community Coordinator
Access Excellence @ the National Health Museum


Metroids are not pets. Metroids are not for target practice.
~ Space Pirate log, Metroid Prime 2: Echoes.
~ Metroid Prime Logbook Entry.
The Metroids are the titular antagonists of the Metroid series.
Biology, Traits, and Personality
Metroid 3D-1.jpg
The Metroids were created by the Chozo as an artificial life-form, their purpose as creatures were to be able to get rid of an upcoming dangerous parasite, and predate on them. Even though creating them, even the Chozo were surprised seeing its very complex and strange life cycle, it starts out as a jellyfish-like creature, which is also its most iconic appearance, then starts evolving into a creature that has similar teeth as the first form, but starts developing a body, after a while it grows a couple of legs and gets a more humanoid body structure, while the Queen Metroid is more of a reptilian creature, which loses its ability to stand on two legs.
It is obvious that the creature the Chozo wanted the Metroids to predate on was X-Parasites, and to overall be extremely dominant creatures, despite the X-Parasites being extremely vicious parasites themselves and being able to possess literally everything, as seen when it possesses the usually extremely intelligent alien Ridley, and takes full control over him, the Metroids still manage to overpower them and predate on them. One time when Samus was exploring SR388, she would not even encounter a single X-Parasite because of the Metroids being so dominant, considering their constant dominance, they are immune to getting infected by the X-Parasites, and instead being able to munch on the Parasites forms, and to make it even worse for the parasites, the Metroids can easily grow, mature, and become even bigger forms, which give them abilities to use elemental abilities as well. Even if they lack a main diet, they are probably better than the X-Parasites at possessing and feeding of prey.
Metroids are extremely vicious and dangerous creatures, similarly to leeches, they are able to suck other creature's energy, they are very hard to avoid, or predict in that regard, and are therefore always at the top of the food chain and are very hard for other predators to catch. Whenever a Metroid sucks in another creature's energy, they always suck the creature's energy so much that they cannot fully function as real creatures, and therefore die. However, strangely enough, they always leave the organs and blood of the creatures untouched, it is unknown why they do this, it is also unknown where in their bodies the source that collects the energy is, because when looking at a Metroid, it is seemingly impossible for a creature that size to collect that much energy.
Every single living Metroid that is known to live are known to be sterile, everyone except one single type of Metroid, the Queen Metroid; her sole purpose is to grow and spread the species, while everything of this may seem to be supporting the thought that the Metroids are a bit like bee or ant colonies, this is not true at all, considering there are older Metroids seen just being alone, and that way growing alone, strangely, multiple adult Metroids can be seen at times near the Queen Metroid's place, though still keeping a distance and growing on their own.
Even though developing and growing into very different forms, going from a tiny jellyfish-like creature, to a huge crocodile beast, there is one thing that remains the same in the entire life cycle, that is the transparent membrane, attaching a red core inside of the creature, the core has multiple connections to different parts of the body, which attaches to the membrane, while the reason for why it is like this is unknown, it is seen to be an extremely important part of a Metroid, as it basically is the thing that is keeping them alive, and if someone destroys it, it will die. Apparently, when a Metroid is in its larva state, it has many, many nuclei in their membranes which strangely make them almost completely invulnerable, really the only way to merely hurt them is to freeze them. Because of this, it can be heavily speculated that the less nuclei a Metroid gets, the more vulnerable it gets. Another strange thing about the Metroids is the fact that they can float, there is not much of their appearance that supports the fact that they should be able to float.
The Metroid's biggest weakness, as stated multiple times in the games, are areas with very cold temperature, this is in fact somewhat similar to real-life cockroaches, as it has been shown multiple times that cockroaches are extremely tough and are able to tolerate a lot of things, but one of the few things that it simply cannot take are cold temperatures, and even then, they have to be in cold temperatures for very long amounts of time. Even the younger larva Metroids, that are able to survive basically anything, are shown to be weak to cold temperatures. Despite often being shown to be weak to coldness, even the larva ones are, it is sometimes seen that older Metroids are able to protect themselves from cold temperatures with an armor.
The Metroids were genetically engineered by the Chozo, a race of bird-like creatures who adopted Samus Aran, to hunt down the X Parasites, another race of life-draining pests. However, all Metroids eventually evolved into a neutral predatory race that killed every living thing in sight.
Metroid/Zero Mission
Making their first appearance in media by being the titular antagonists of the 1986 Metroid game (as well as its remake, Zero Mission), the Metroids were discovered when the Galactic Federation began researching SR388, the planet Metroids were created. The Federation then shipped out the Metroids on the spacecraft Space Research Vessel Marina, only for an army of Space Pirates to hijack the ship. Samus Aran, now a grown intergalactic bounty hunter, later wiped out the Space Pirate ranks and the stolen Metroids.
Metroid Prime trilogy
Metroid II: Return of Samus/Samus Returns
In order to ensure that the Metroids do not pose a threat to the rest of the universe, the Federation send two squads of soldiers to SR388 to eradicate the Metroids for good, only for both missions to end in failure. They eventually call on Samus to deal with them as she was the only person able to survive multiple encounters with the creatures. Throughout her mission on SR388, Samus came across and defeated every form of Metroid, including their queen, who she defeated in a final battle. On the way to the surface, a Metroid egg Samus finds hatched, and seeing that the baby Metroid mistook her as its mother, she took it along with her.
Super Metroid
Samus dropped off the Baby Metroid at the Ceres Space Colony for it to be examined by Federation scientists, only to return shortly after due to a Space Pirate raid. She arrived in time to find Ridley escaping the colony with the Baby in its capsule. Samus escaped from the Space Colony before it self-destructed and followed Ridley to the Space Pirate headquarters on Zebes. As Samus fought her way through Zebes, the Space Pirates used special rays on the Baby to generate clones for a new army of Metroids. Mochtroids, very weak variations of Metroids, are found in Maridia, and the first attempted clones. Actual clones do not appear in the game until Samus reaches Tourian protecting Mother Brain, including a massive Metroid that turns out to be the Baby, recognizing Samus before it drains her life completely. The Baby ultimately sacrificed its life to save Samus from Mother Brain, but since some of Mother Brain's laser beam was absorbed by the Baby when it restored Samus's health, Samus obtained the Hyper Beam and destroyed Mother Brain once again and escaped Zebes before it exploded.
Other M
Metroids were cloned from fragments of the Baby's DNA on Samus's suit and propagated in Sector Zero of the BOTTLE SHIP, where the Federation performed multiple tests on them. The first cloned Metroid ultimately grew into a Queen Metroid, meaning that the Baby itself was coded into becoming a queen. The queen and all of its offspring were nurtured by MB, an Android built with the information and personality of Mother Brain. As Samus approached Sector Zero, she spotted an Infant Metroid and immediately thought of the Baby, but she is shot by Adam to prevent her from going into the Sector, who instead sacrificed his life to detach the Sector from the BOTTLE SHIP, which then exploded (this is because the Metroids of Sector Zero were genetically engineered to have their weakness of ice removed, rendering Samus unable to destroy them). The last Metroid, the cloned queen, was fought and defeated by Samus shortly after. Before MB is able to escape from the BOTTLE SHIP and spread Metroids throughout the universe, she is shot and destroyed by Federation soldiers. There is a theory that Phantoon was the true mastermind of the BOTTLE SHIP sabotage due to his appearance in the post-game before the ship was destroyed by the Federation.
Metroid Fusion
The Federation had been using the BSL space station circling around SR388 for a secret Metroid breeding program. Samus eventually arrived in the Restriction Laboratory, where the Metroids were secretly bred. The SA-X, following after Samus, attacked the laboratory, but was overpowered by the cloned Metroids (as the SA-X was an X Parasite, the main food source for Metroids). Samus escaped before the Restriction Zone detached from the BSL station and exploded, killing the SA-X


text:
Save the date – 2010 ESA/GTTP workshop for science teachers announced
16 Sep 2010The European Space Agency along with the Galileo Teacher Training Programme are organising a workshop for science teachers at the NEMO Science Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from 7 - 10 December 2010. The workshop is aimed at science teachers of students aged between 11 and 19 years old. A limited number of places will be available and an invitation to apply for a place will be issued on 1 October.
Develop new skills and network with teachers from across Europe
The workshop is the second to be organised by the European Space Agency with the Galileo Teacher Training Programme (GTTP). The GTTP was initiated in 2009 with the long term aim of promoting and supporting astronomy education in classrooms around the world.
Participants in the workshop will have the opportunity to gain practical skills to enable them to enhance their teaching of the physical sciences. New, innovative and inspiring tools and methods will be presented using astronomy and space science as the means for engaging students with science. The programme is designed to provide participants with ample time during the workshop to test the activities and become sufficiently confident with the material to enable them to adapt it to the requirements of their national curricula.
During the 2010 workshop teachers will participate in a diverse programme of activities that will include sessions about how to access and use the ESA science data archives, ESA Education Resources, image processing software, using robotic telescopes in the classroom and much more.
How and when to apply
Places at this ESA/GTTP Teacher Training Workshop are limited; an announcement inviting teachers to apply for a place will be made on the 1 October 2010, check the Teachers Corner on the ESA Education website. The deadline for receipt of applications will be 09:00 CEST on Monday 18 October 2010. Successful applicants will be informed that they have secured a place at the workshop on or before 1 November. The application process will require teachers to briefly describe why they would like to attend and how they could use their new knowledge and skills after the workshop.
Who can apply?
The workshop will be open to teachers of the physical sciences in secondary schools (teaching students aged between 11 and 19 years old) of ESA Member States and Cooperating States*.
* The 18 ESA Member States are: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Canada, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovenia participate in some ESA projects under cooperation agreements.
The working language of the workshop will be English; participants must have a sufficient command of the English language to enable them to fully participate in the hands-on activities. There is no fee for the workshop and some financial support may be available.


gallbladderMeaning in Bengali - HinKhoj English Bengali Dictionary
HinKhoj Dictionary
English Bengali Dictionary | ইংরেজি বাংলা অভিধান
IPA: gɔlblædərBengali: গোল্ব্লৈডর
Definition of gallbladder
HinKhoj English Bengali Dictionary: gallbladder
gallbladder - Meaning in Bengali. gallbladder definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Bengali. translation in Bengali for gallbladder with similar and opposite words. gallbladder ka bengali mein matalab, arth aur prayog
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