baby's tissue heals, then you will have to harm the baby in some way. But as Christians, we have moral, ethical principles. A baby is a human life. But if we don't do the research, then we may never have the opportunity to understand how humans can heal without scarring. It appears to be such a contradictory world, you know, fetal wounds healing so wonderfully-- but we can't do it, and just what is the solution?
What was God's original intention? Did God really create a contradictory world? It was a problem plaguing many, many scientists for a long time. That is, until we discovered research by some scientists and a professor and started extending their research in the area of the amniotic membrane. It is a membrane surrounding an unborn child before birth that connects to the baby's umbilical cord. After caesarean section, the baby comes out and the sac and amniotic membrane is discarded. So even though it has the same healing characteristics as a baby's tissue, it was connected to the baby -- but is not part of the baby.
Magically, miraculously, it has the same biochemical, biological properties that the baby's tissues have. So we started to do some research. The idea was if we transplanted the amniotic membrane, then maybe the secret would be in the membrane since it had the same healing properties as the baby before birth. So basically, after an injury, we started looking at covering one eye with the amniotic membrane to recreate a fetal-like environment.
A magical thing took place. For underneath this amniotic membrane, the body, the adult body, the adult eye wakes up. It looks up and says, "Oh I guess we were wrong, we're not born yet." And it will reactivate the regenerative ability it used to have before birth in each of us. The body will start to heal without scar. Then we remove the membrane, two weeks later, and instead of seeing a blind, painful eye, you see clear vision.
The best part as a Christian involved in the research at the time, was to find what was God's original intention. Here God gave us an opportunity and we stumbled upon it because we happened to have persistence and did not give up and did not accept a contradictory world. We still had the faith and confidence that God created a perfect world. It may have appeared to be contradictory and we didn't know what to do, because we didn't know better.
(Before and after pictures of injured eyes are shown.) We had one patient who had been blind for 30 years, who had 15 failed conventional surgeries and was declared irreversibly blind. After the amniotic membrane graft, sight was restored. Another patient had a devastating autoimmune disease and had been blind for many years, and it was very painful. He was very interesting because at the time we only had amniotic membrane tissue from an African American individual, and this patient was a Caucasian person. So I told him, "John, we can transfer African American tissue on you if you want, or we can wait." He said, "Dr. Wang, go for it." He is now the only man of his kind walking on this planet - a white man with black eyes.
As the amnio-membrane research developed we realized there were only a few qualified specialized surgeons and centers, but patients were getting injured everywhere all the time. We also found that we have to graft the membrane within 24 hours after the injury before the scarring process starts. How can we accomplish that? Only a few doctors can do the transplantation in specialized centers, but people need help throughout the world.
Again, the faith issue comes. God does have solutions. It may not be apparent to us. We need to put a membrane on any injury within 24 hours anywhere in the world, but the surgical grafting technology and training will take a long time to spread, but we cannot give up. We have got to have faith and keep plugging away, trusting that God is going to reveal to us when we have truly done our homework.
In this case - contact lenses were His answer. Our team discovered that if you affix the membrane under a contact lens and put it in a bottle then anyone who has basic medical training in an emergency room who can put a contact lens on a patient will be able to immediately start the regenerative scar-preventing process of healing. That became our solution to the problem.
(Pictures are shown of the research paper written and the U.S. Patent for the invention.) So amniotic membrane contact lenses create a fetal like environment tapping the fountain of youth - reactivating the regenerative ability within each of us that we used to have before we were born, and it is part of God's original design to be able to advance science without compromising moral or ethical principles.
As a scientist and as a Christian, this is a beautiful example because there is no moral or ethical dilemma with using the membrane, and magically it was connected to the baby before birth. God had the intention a long time ago. When we discovered that, we were so overjoyed and I felt like God was up there saying, "Yes, I told you all a long time ago to trust me and things will happen. You are human beings -- just believe in me."
I think God has created a world without contradiction. It may have appeared to be contradictory to us at the time because we did not know better. What we need to do as Christians and as scientists in this case, is keep the faith, work hard, and do our part and believe in Him and He will reveal Himself to us when He wants to.
In this case we can truly advance science and research by understanding how the little baby heals, without harming the baby.
With regard to my work in China, I go to China 6 or 7 times a year. Our system is called HC of China. It is the largest private eye hospital in China and a third of our resources are devoted to charity. In China charity and philanthropy are less prevalent than in the United States and I am often asked, "Why does the US have so much charity and people are more willing to give and a country like China much less?" Do you know what my answer is? Faith, or lack of. I feel that if one truly believes, one would then know and have the confidence that God is watching over you and that your duty as a human being is to help another human being.
So I think that in the case of charity, charity itself is the fundamental driving force in most of us to give and to help – this is the Christian faith. (More pictures are shown.)
I am in some twenty countries per year traveling to lecture. When I am not here in Nashville there is no surgery; I stop all surgery because I want to do every surgery for my patients myself. The best way to demonstrate your responsibility to your patients is to do it completely yourself. This patient was the first bladeless Lasik surgery patient in China - the first one in 1.4 billion people. Chinese hospitals together with U.S. medical establishments, involving a team of doctors, are actively involved internationally in charity care guided by Christian principles. In various ways we have helped patients from 40 states and 55 countries, with doctors donating all the medical care.
This is the story of Kajal an Indian child, about whom you might have heard. Two years ago Kajal was in Calcutta India. Her stepmother intentionally blinded her by pouring acid into her eyes. She became totally blind and was then abandoned in a train station. A Christian social work group called Society of Underprivileged People, or SOUP for short, rescued Kajal in the train station and found that she was severely damaged and totally blind.
Again, guided by Christian principles and the loving hearts of Christian brothers and sisters, Kajal was rescued, and then the group began searching around the world for a surgical team that could restore Kajal's sight. They contacted many medical centers in the United States. After a year or so, they contacted us and we raised money and brought Kajal and her caretaker to the United States last year. We performed one surgery and improved her vision a little bit, but she still has several more surgeries to go over the next several years. Our foundation has a gala once a year to raise funds to help blind people see, with the doctors donating their services, and guess what we call the gala: The Eye Ball. At Eye Ball 2007 on October 7th, Kajal was our featured guest. Amidst all the beauty of ballroom dancing - Viennese waltz, ball gowns and tails - amidst all the beauty of God's creation, we all became quiet and listened to the words of Kajal who is five years old, realizing that her world at that time was without color, without sight and it was a dark world because she could not see.
Further, we reminded ourselves of the preciousness of our sight and our need to help those who could not see. This is a picture of the first dance. (showing the slide) I am the organizer of the Eye Ball and over 100 other people stepped in to help Kajal. I was really amazed. Most were Christians. How amazing are the caring spirits that are helping this child in her courageous journey from darkness to sight, from all around the world. And all


text:
The New Zealand Sea Lion ranks as one of the most murderous species on the planet, according to a new study examining lethal violence among mammals.
Do dolphins duel to the death? Are hippos homicidal? And what about genocidal gerbils? Spanish researchers have mapped the extent of lethal violence across 1000 mammal species, from aardvarks to zebras, and their macabre analysis is published today in the leading journal Nature.
To get a big picture view of intra-species killing in mammals, José María Gómez and colleagues compiled data from over 4 million deaths to quantify the level of lethal violence in 1,024 mammal species from 137 taxonomic families and in about 600 human populations, ranging from about 50,000 years ago to the present. The key focus of the research was the evolutionary history of human violence, but the study also revealed some surprisingly high levels of lethal violence in other species.
Read more about the research on Scimex.org
Understanding human violence
The scientists found that estimated rates of prehistoric human-on-human killings were six times higher than the average mammal but similar to related primates, indicating a strong evolutionary link to lethal violence.
"Many primates exhibit high levels of intergroup aggression and infanticide," the researchers wrote in Nature.
"Social carnivores sometimes kill members of other groups and commit infanticide when supplanting older members of the same group. Even seemingly peaceful mammals such as hamsters and horses sometimes kill individuals of their own species."
Thankfully, the authors note modern rates of such violence among humans are far lower, with socio-political organisation overriding our murderous tendencies.
Commenting on the study, evolutionary biologist Mark Pagel said the research gave good grounds for believing that "we are intrinsically more violent than the average mammal."
However he was also quick to point out that the analysis also showed we have moved past our primal violent past. "Rates of homicide in modern societies that have police forces, legal systems, prisons and strong cultural attitudes that reject violence are, at less than 1 in 10,000 deaths (or 0.01%), about 200 times lower than the authors' evolutionary predictions for our state of nature."
New Zealand sea lions a top killer
The aim of the research was to better understand the evolutionary component of lethal violence in humans, but it also offered a comprehensive map of murder throughout the mammalian branch of the tree of life.
The New Zealand sealion was ranked in the top ten of the more than 1,000 species covered, with an estimated 15.3 percent of deaths occurring at the hands (or, more technically, flippers) of other sea lions. Only meerkats, Schmidts guenon (a type of monkey) and the red fronted lemur claimed higher rates of killing each other (see list below).
Research from the NZ Department of Conservation, cited in the new Nature study, details some of the lethal violence among sea lions in the Auckland Islands.
"During the 2002–2003 season, one female died after a male bit her head, perforating the cranium and cerebrum. Three females were killed by males during the 2003–2004 season; one was pinned beneath a male in the surf zone and drowned, while the deaths of two pregnant females were attributed to male harassment (i.e., severe internal injuries sustained from crushing by males."
Mammals' most wanted: top killers
Meerkats came out at the top of the list, boasting the highest rates of killing their own species; 19.4 per cent of all deaths are estimated to result from violence by another meerkat. The top ten species ranked in the Nature study, listed here, were collated by The Independent:
1. Meerkat (19.4 per cent)
2. Schmidt's guenon, a type of monkey (18.2 per cent)
3. The red-fronted lemur (16.7 per cent)
4. New Zealand sea lion (15.3 per cent)
5. Long-tailed marmot (14.5 per cent)
6. Lion (13.3 per cent)
7. Banded mongoose (13 per cent)
8. Grey wolf (12.8 per cent)
9. Chacma baboon (12.3 per cent)
10. Diademed sifaka (12 percent; 10th equal)
10. Long-tailed chinchilla (12 percent; 10th equal)
Featured image: Flickr / A Sparrow.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Local police departments and the Sheriff's office became victims of a computer virus that required them to pay a $318 extortion money to the hackers to decrypt the files.
A fumble made by the cops in Maine, US, have allowed software hackers to make money by requiring the law enforcement to pay up to decrypt files held hostage by them.
The local law enforcement server, which includes the sheriff's office, along with police departments in Damariscotta, Waldoboro, Wiscasset and Boothbay Harbor in Lincoln County share a common computer network run by Burgess Computer. In March, they fell victim to an encryption virus, which encrypted files by the Megacode ransomware making them barely readable. In order to decrypt the files, they demanded Bitcoin ransom.
The virus is assumed to have been transmitted in the form of an email, which a user of the server unknowingly opened. In all likelihood, the user was directed to a link from there, which in turn downloaded the virus onto the server, Brackett said.
This sort of malware typically searches computers and networks for documents, creates a random encryption key per file, then later uses those to encrypt the data, and encrypts the keys using a public-private key pair. Only criminals have the private key needed to decrypt the files, and it costs money to get it back, effectively holding the information to ransom. Victims are given a few days to pay the ransom before the private key is deleted forever.
The police in Maine finally decided to pay the $300 ransom in Bitcoins to the perpetrators after they failed to restore the encrypted files for a couple of days.
Despite falling prey to the computer virus that encrypted local law enforcement computers, Lincoln County Sheriff Todd Brackett said there were several bright spots from an unfortunate incident.
No personal data was mined — it looks like they didn't take any information," he said. "We had to pay the ransom, but it looks like nothing was extracted from the server."
Brackett said the idea of paying extortion money to the software hacker didn't plea to the sheriff's office, but that Burgess Computer covered the equivalent of 300 euros in bitcoin currency ($318) ransom to a European bank account.
"Paying a ransom — let's say it goes against the grain," he said. "We tried to find a way around it, but in the end our IT guys and Burgess recommended just paying the ransom."
Brackett said that the sheriff's office could access the decrypted files after six to eight hours of the ransom being paid.
But there were more positives to come from the incident, Brackett said.
Since the department has become aware of such scams and now knows how to deal with them, there will be more training given in this regard.
"We'll have more virus protection training where we go over how to tell if something might be a virus," Brackett said. "Sometimes, it's hard to tell, but you've got to keep an eye out for some of these documents that people [email] you. Sometimes it can be hard to tell if it contains a virus."
While the last virus happened at the human-level, there was an error in how the server was backed-up, which became visible during the ransom, Brackett said. Henceforth, the back-up server will be able to replace a hacked server, in other words, the department could find another way to work without having to pay the ransom, Brackett added.
"It's possible there's another virus that's just sitting dormant somewhere on our server," he said. "We'll be checking hard drives in all the departments, but it really wouldn't surprise me if there was another (virus) sitting dormant.
"But I feel much better knowing we have a back-up."
Maine's police are not the only one to get caught out by ransomware. The Massachusetts police were made to pay up in a similar situation last week, and this is not the first time they have been targeted.
The FBI is now offering millions in reward money to catch the hackers behind some ransomware. This is cheaper than financing police ransom payments, however, by paying up extortion money to the perpetrators is not a long-term solution.
In the meanwhile, never open an attachment or download from an untrusted source.
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The importance of respect
Why respect is so importantConnectable Life
Why is Respect so Important?
Respect Breeds Goodness and that is why Respect is so Important. Definition: noun a feeling of deep admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements. "the director had a lot of respect for Douglas as an actor" due regard for the feelings, wishes, or rights of others. "young people's lack of…Read More
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text:
IoT6 SME Handbook
By supporting research projects, the European Commission expects it to contribute to job creations in Europe. The present handbook has been written to support SMEs in the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 in order to help them addressing the Internet of Things emerging market.
It gathers some key recommendations on how to exploit IPv6 features for the Internet of Things. The handbook is organized as follows:
Chapter 1 gives an overview of the main benefits that the Internet of Things can gain by using IPv6, and describes some potential area of applications, such as cloud, mobile word, building automation.
Chapter 2 details for the SMEs, the main benefit of integrating IPv6 and IoT. As an example, some of the use (and business) cases developed in the context of the IoT6 project are presented.
Chapter 3 provides some practical advices and several technical details about how SMEs can set up IPv6, and in detail, how different services (mail and web server, DNS, etc.) can be enabled with IPv6.
Finally, Chapter 4 concludes the book. We hope you will enjoy reading it.
Feel free to download IoT6 Handbook.


Butuan City: A Look At The Distant Past
What would you do if you have less than 24 hours to explore the city of Butuan?
A lot actually! I didn't expect our short interlude with the place to be such an adventure.
From Surigao City, we took a bus going to Butuan City. Travel time is roughly 3 hours and fare is about 200- 300 php. The scene going to Butuan was simply panoramic!
Located at the northeast part of the Agusan Valley, our trip going to Butuan was composed of scenes of vast rice fields and marshlands surrounded by high and enormous mountain ranges. I was awed by how the forests were very much preserved and all you can inhale is fresh air! Then we get to see the much publicized Agusan River which gets to overflow every now and then during rainy season. It was raining on our way to Butuan City hence I was able to appreciate how these marshlands get flooded with rainwater.
As marshes get to disappear, I knew we were nearing the city. Frankly I didn't expect Butuan to be big but I was mistaken. The city was already buzzing when we got there. With little research, we tried to plan which places should we go to.
Our first stop was the Regional Museum of Butuan. We were amazed by how organized and clean their museum was. And how rich their history is. Butuan's rich culture dates back to 300 AD. The Archeological Hall houses specimens of pottery, wood and metal craft, burial coffins and prehistoric diggings in Butuan.
And the highlight of our visit, which was very unexpected, was seeing the remains of the famed saltwater crocodile, Lolong being preserved on a freezer.
This is just his head!
Lolong, named after one of its hunters who died days before it was captured, was publicized to be the culprit of the disappearance of a farmer and a little girl in the town of Bunawan. He was held captive after weeks of hunt.
At 20.25 feet long, Lolong was named by the Guinness Book of World Record as the world's biggest crocodile in captivity not until it died 2 years after being held captive.
Next on our list was the Balanghai Shrine National Museum. Located 5 kilometers away from the city, this shrine houses the Balaghai Boats also called as the Butuan Boats. which was considered as national cultural treasure.
IMG_7153Balanghai or balangai is a plank boat which was known to exist at around 300 AD is known to be the oldest watercraft found in the Philippines. In Brgy. Libertad, the site of the shrine, 9 balangais were found- 3 have been excavated and placed in the museum, 1 was destroyed and 5 are still in situ due to prohibitive costs.
The Balangai.
If you are a history freak, you can still remember how these balangais were used to transport early migrants to come to the Philippines to sell, trade and even settle.
In Situ Balangais
Burial Coffins.
IMG_7158Photos during the excavation.
Though we only had a few hours to explore the ancient city of Butuan, it was still very fulfilling. Having stumbled upon the balanghays somehow got me more connected to our very distant past. The boats somehow made us who we are, a melting pot of different cultures.
FYI; Transport around Butuan is relatively easy. It would be easy to ask around and get lost 🙂


How Hiking Can Improve Your Mental Health
How Hiking Can Improve Your
Mental Health
Posted at 10:00 - 10th October - Sarah Booth
Many people have experienced the connection between hiking and happiness. However, it now seems that the benefits to your mental health can be scientifically proven. We think this is a great reason to highlight the ways that hiking can help improve your mental well being.
Increasing Creativity
Our subconscious brain processes around 11 million 'bits' of information every second, with our conscious brain processing around 50. Add pinging emails, bleeping notifications, social media scrolling and it's no wonder that we are struggling with overwhelm and mental fatigue.
Hiking provides the perfect opportunity to unplug from technology and plug into nature. Worries fall away as you start to focus on what surrounds you – the footpath beneath your feet, the sounds of nature, glimpses of wildlife, and breath taking views around every corner. Being surrounded by nature can help increase your creativity and problem solving skills by up to 50% because it helps to restore the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain – the area that is heavily used to deal with the multi tasking demands of every day life.
Creativity in the Wild: Improving Creative Reasoning Through Immersion in Natural Settings
Reducing Anxiety
Gregory Bratman
Hiking has also been proven to reduce anxiety because you are less likely to overthink negative emotions and experiences when you are outdoors.
Hiking in nature has a meditative quality, helping you feel inspired, empowered and connected to something greater than yourself. It allows you to escape, putting physical and emotional distance between you and your stresses until all you need to focus on is what you are there to accomplish.
Whatever you accomplish – whether it's your first hike or a long distance challenge – you feel a huge sense of pride in discovering what you are truly capable of when you get out there and give things a go.
Nature Experience Reduces Rumination and Subgenual Prefrontal Cortex Activation
Hiking is a sport that is growing in popularity, changing from a pastime associated with retired ramblers, to one that is enjoyed by many young people who are taking advantage of the benefits it provides to their physical and mental health.
Alongside this growth in popularity comes the opportunity to develop your social connections and friendships beyond the confines of social media. Hiking with others gives you the opportunity to meet like-minded people, make new friends, engage in real life conversations and find the support of a positive, proactive community who want to see you succeed. When all of this happens in a lush, inspiring environment, the impact to your mental health can be significant.
Finally, recent studies have shown that hiking can help to reduce the symptoms of ADHD in children as it significantly improves their attention span and ability to control their impulses.
"Two studies to date have examined the impacts of exposure to nature among individuals with ADHD. Both focused on children aged 7 to 12 years who had been professionally diagnosed with ADHD. In the first study 3196 parents rated a variety of leisure activities with respect to whether their child's symptoms were better than, worse than, or the same as usual after engaging in those activities. Parents also rated the general severity of their child's symptoms and provided information on the "greenness" of the child's typical play settings. Results indicated that symptoms were better than usual after activities in relatively green settings. Moreover, the after effects of activities taking place in green outdoor settings were better than those of activities taking place either indoors or in relatively built outdoor settings, and the greener a child's typical play settings, the less severe his or her general symptoms."
A Potential Natural Treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from a National Study
It's exciting to see scientific research emerging in a field where historically the link between nature and well-being has been felt but not necessarily quantified. Why not use it as a starting point to get outside and discover how a hike in nature can improve your own mental health and well-being.
For information, advice and immediate support for any mental health issues you can contact


text:
Background: Etiologic studies of cancer increasingly use molecular features such as gene expression, DNA methylation and sequence mutation to subclassify the cancer type. In large population-based studies, the tumor tissues available for study are archival specimens that provide variable amounts of amplifiable DNA for molecular analysis. As molecular features measured from small amounts of tumor DNA are inherently noisy, we propose a novel approach to improve statistical efficiency when comparing groups of samples. We illustrate the phenomenon using the MethyLight technology, applying our proposed analysis to compare MLH1 DNA methylation levels in males and females studied in the Colon Cancer Family Registry.
Results: We introduce two methods for computing empirical weights to model heteroscedasticity that is caused by sampling variable quantities of DNA for molecular analysis. In a simulation study, we show that using these weights in a linear regression model is more powerful for identifying differentially methylated loci than standard regression analysis. The increase in power depends on the underlying relationship between variation in outcome measure and input DNA quantity in the study samples.
Conclusions: Tumor characteristics measured from small amounts of tumor DNA are inherently noisy. We propose a statistical analysis that accounts for the measurement error due to sampling variation of the molecular feature and show how it can improve the power to detect differential characteristics between patient groups.
Rakovski et al. Modeling measurement error in tumor characterization studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2011 12:284. doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-284
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.


Cytokine Analog Peptides
- Aug 17, 2019-
The use of known cytokine receptors to screen cytokine analog peptides from the peptide library has become a hot topic in domestic and international research in recent years. Foreign countries have been screened to human erythropoietin, human platelet production, human growth hormone, human neurogrowth factor and leuketointerin and other growth factor sofone sofone sofones, these simulated peptides amino acid sequence and its corresponding cytokine amino acid sequence is different, but has cytokine activity, and has the advantages of small molecular weight. These cytokine analog peptides are in the preclinical or clinical phase.


text:
Binge eating in surgical weight-loss treatments :Long-term associations with weight loss, health related quality of life (HRQL) and psychopathology
Objective. Previous studies that have investigated the relation between binge eating and long-term outcome of bariatric surgery have shown mixed results. Does binge eating before or after bariatric surgery affect long-term BMI, health related quality of life (HRQL) or psychopathology after surgery? The objective of the present study was to address these questions that might help decide to what extent binge eating needs to be addressed in the context of bariatric surgery. Method. We assessed 173 bariatric patients, preto 3 years after surgery, regarding weight, binge eating, HRQL and psychopathology.Results. Binge eating, preand post-treatment, were unrelated to long-term BMI outcome. Binge eating post-treatment was associated with more psychopathology, and lower HRQL.Conclusion. Preor post-treatment binge eating does not predict long-term BMI outcome, hence exclusions from surgery for only this reason is difficult to motivate. However, results show that binge eating post-surgery is common, and is associated to more psychopathology and lower HRQL. The poor psychological health status of post-surgical patients with binge eating also motivates studies with longer follow-ups, to investigate whether post-surgical binge eating might increase the vulnerability for future weight regain and complications, beyond three years. The high rate of binge eating after surgery and its negative association with HRQL and psychopathology indicates that we need to be observant of the occurrence and potential effects of binge eating in the context of bariatric surgery.
Source Type:Doctoral Dissertation
Keywords:MEDICINE; medicin; Medicine
Date of Publication:01/01/2009


text:
Measuring the Impact of Better Local Governance in Indonesia
The core research question to be addressed in this project is 'To what extent does the quality of economic governance at the district level enhance the economic performance of Indonesia's decentralised districts?'
Several empirical studies have confirmed the connection between better governance and improved economic performance. However, to date, almost all of these studies have used a cross-country approach to try and explain the extent to which national governance affects national economic performance.
The wave of decentralisation over the last few decades means that many countries have sub-national regions with significant administrative, fiscal and sometimes political autonomy. Nowhere in the Asia Pacific is this truer than in Indonesia, which has decentralised political, administrative and significant fiscal autonomy to over 480 districts. However, the economic performance of Indonesia's districts since decentralisation in 2001 has varied dramatically.
There is anecdotal evidence that the policies pursued by sub-national authorities have an important bearing on the quality of the local investment climate and consequently the economic performance of the region. However, measuring whether this is true and, if so, how important local economic governance is, is usually impossible because of the lack of suitable data at the sub-national level.
However, the Asia Foundation, in conjunction with a national Indonesian NGO, Regional Autonomy Watch (KPPOD), have recently produced a remarkable dataset which measures the quality of local economic governance in 243 districts across the country. The data is based on a statistically representative random sample of over 12,000 firms and 729 business associations throughout these districts. This dataset provides a unique opportunity to test empirically the hypothesis that better local governance in Indonesia positively affects local economic performance.
The key gap that this research will address is that, despite huge efforts to build the capacity of local governments and several years of debate about the costs and benefits of decentralisation, we still do not have clear empirical evidence about whether improving the quality of local economic governance does, in fact, tend to result in improved economic performance.
The likely benefits from this research will include: a better understanding of which aspects of local economic governance matter most for economic performance and a quantification of how much they matter relative to other factors, helping policymakers and donors focus on those aspects most likely to yield significant gains in terms of growth and poverty reduction in lagging regions; and a greater awareness and use by civil society groups of the Economic Governance Index as a tool to put pressure on local leaders for governance reforms.
See the YouTube video where Neil McCulloch contributes to the Asia Foundation's Economic Governance Index which surveys local government regulations across a single country, and assesses their impact on local business growth.
- Project Dates:
- January 2009 - December 2009
- Project Status:
- Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID)


EARTH NEGOTIATIONS BULLETIN ( PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (IISD) WRITTEN AND EDITED BY: Peter Doran Langston James Goree VI "Kimo" Virginia Hulme Lynn Wagner A DAILY REPORT ON THE 39TH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN Vol. 14 No. 4 Friday, 31 March 1995 CSW HIGHLIGHTS THURSDAY, 30 MARCH 1995 The 13th session of the Plenary of the CSW, chaired by Ms. Patricia Licuanan (Philippines), convened Thursday morning for a report on progress and plans for completing the work of the 39th session of the CSW. Two draft resolutions were also introduced. The Drafting Group convened briefly to collect amendments to Chapter VI (Financial Arrangements). Delegates also continued examining Chapter II (Global Framework) and Chapter IV (Strategic Objectives and Actions, Section D. Violence against women) in closed informalinformal groups. PLENARY Ms. Licuanan reported that the working group on NGO accreditation had informed the Bureau that members had reached an impasse and were forming a sub-group to decide on extending accreditation procedures. A decision is possible Friday. Ms. Licuanan also noted the progress on the draft Platform for Action. Delegates have discussed or submitted written amendments on all chapters, except Chapter VI (Financial Arrangements). Two informal-informal groups are examining the texts, and have completed work on Chapters I (Mission Statement) and III (Critical Areas of Concern). She noted that, in Chapter IV (Strategic Objectives and Actions), work on Sections A (The persistent and increasing burden of poverty on women), B (Unequal access to and inadequate educational opportunities) and D (Violence against women) has been completed. Work on Section C (Inequalities in health status and unequal access to and inadequate health care services) has been postponed and work on Section F (Inequality in women's access to and participation in the definition of economic structures and policies and the productive process itself) was commencing. The Chair dismissed "rumors about a possible extension" or an extra session as "totally false." She noted that resources would not be available for work after Tuesday. Pakistan inquired about NGO access to the informalinformals. The Chair replied that the process had been kept as open as possible. Work was being conducted under constraints, however, and even some delegates had not been able to attend the informal-informals. The US inquired about the deadline for tabling a draft resolution on NGO accreditation. Ms. Licuanan turned the Chair over to Ms. Natallya Drozd (Belarus), who presided over the introduction of two draft resolutions under Agenda Item 5 (Monitoring the Implementation of the Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies). Peru introduced draft resolution E/CN.6/1995/L.16, "Integration of displaced women into developmental processes." Namibia introduced draft resolution E/CN.6/1995/L.18, "Women working in agriculture and rural development." Amendments were made for both resolutions. DRAFTING GROUP The Drafting Group, chaired by Ms. Aida Gonzalez (Mexico), convened briefly on Thursday afternoon to receive written amendments on Chapter VI (Financial Arrangements) from the G-77/China and the EU. The Chair noted that a number of delegations had worked with the regional groups and expected to achieve a consolidated text. INFORMAL-INFORMALS I The informal-informal group considering Chapter II (Global Framework) met all day Thursday and expected to continue into the night to complete the second reading. This group will take up consideration of Chapter V (Institutional Arrangements) on Friday, after which it will consider Chapter VI (Financial Arrangements). Among the paragraphs discussed Thursday was paragraph 21 (poverty of women). The paragraph notes that macro-economic policies, including SAPs, have not always been designed to account for their impacts on women and girl-children. A revised reference to the plight of women in rural or remote areas was included. A paragraph on the family is to be drafted. A paragraph noting women's contributions to the economy was added. Paragraph 22 (female-headed households) now includes references to the causes of poverty in femaleheaded households. Paragraph 22(bis) (role of religion and spirituality in women's lives) was bracketed. In paragraph 23 (dependency ratio within families), references to longterm social policies and women's needs in policy planning were bracketed. Paragraph 23(bis) (diversity and barriers) was bracketed. In paragraph 24 (communications changes), the call for a commitment to promote human values was bracketed. INFORMAL-INFORMALS II The informal-informal group working on Chapter IV, Section D (Violence against women), met all day Thursday. By Thursday evening, the group had completed Section D and turned its attention to Section F (Inequality in women's access to and participation in the definition of economic structures and policies and the productive process itself). In Section D, paragraph 93 (trafficking and prostitution) was bracketed. In paragraph 94(g) (punishment of State agents committing violence against women), delegates inserted a reference to punishment for any State agent engaging in acts of violence against women. A reference to migrant workers was added to 95(a)(bis) (services for migrant women victims of gender-based violence). A new paragraph referring to the legal status of women migrants was added. In 95(b) (community education campaigns), a reference to "innovative" methods of conflict resolution was added. In 95(b)(bis) (role of intermediate institutions), references to family planning centers and existing school health services were bracketed. Paragraph 95(c) (education about violence and violence prevention) was bracketed. In paragraph 95(d) (publicizing information about violence), a reference to the media was deleted and references to the role of the media were moved to paragraph 95(a)(bis). In 95(a)(bis) (media responsibility), a reference to the media's role was deleted, and references to non-stereotyped roles of women and men, professional guidelines and awareness of the media's role were added. In paragraph 96(b) (education about violence), a reference to violence against women as a crime was added. In paragraph 96(c) (abusive relationships), references to adolescents and healing programmes were inserted. In 96(c)(ter) (women in vulnerable situations), references to refugee, displaced and internally displaced women and to developing new legislation for migrant workers were added. Paragraph 97(bis) (Special Rapporteur) was bracketed. In paragraph 98(a) (research causes of violence) references to the social, economic, cultural and political context of violence were bracketed. In 99(a)(bis) (eliminating trafficking), references to forced marriages and to punishment through civil and criminal measures were added, and a reference to commercial sex work other than prostitution was bracketed. In 99(a)(ter) (cooperation to dismantle trafficking networks), a reference to national and international cooperation was bracketed. SUMMARY OF COMPLETED TEXTS The informal-informal groups' consideration of Chapter III (Critical Areas of Concern) and Sections A (The persistent and increasing burden of poverty on women) and B (Unequal access to and inadequate educational opportunities) of Chapter V (Strategic Objectives and Actions) has been completed and the results have been released. The following are summaries of bracketed text. CHAPTER III. CRITICAL AREAS OF CONCERN In paragraph 34 (advancement of women and achievement of equality), a reference to the "innate dignity and the fundamental" equality between women and men is bracketed, as are references to "human rights" and "equity." In paragraph 35 (Nairobi Strategies) specific references to impediments to realization of the strategic goals, with the exception of "ingrained prejudicial attitudes," have been bracketed. In paragraph 37 (call for strategic action), a reference to the need for "full respect for religious and ethical values, cultural backgrounds and philosophical convictions in conformity with all human rights and fundamental freedoms" is bracketed. A number of additions to the critical areas for action are bracketed: violence and the girl child; women living under foreign occupation or alien domination; and "universal" human rights. CHAPTER IV. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS SECTION A. The persistent and increasing burden on women: The introductory paragraph (39) contains a bracketed reference to unemployment and underemployment. Paragraph 40 (the feminization of poverty) contains a bracketed reference to cultural and social factors for family instability. Paragraph 44 (increase women's productive capacity), contains a bracketed reference to "sustained economic growth and sustainable development." A.1. Review, adopt and maintain macroeconomic policies and development strategies that address the needs and efforts of women to overcome poverty within the framework of sustainable development: In Paragraph 46 (actions by Governments), brackets remain around references to: "in the context of people-centered sustainable development;" the easing of migration policies; and developing policies for indigenous women. In paragraph 47 (action by international financial and development institutions), references to increased resources, debt cancellation and the creation of an enabling environment are bracketed. Paragraph 47(bis) (actions by NGOs) is entirely new and bracketed. NGOs are called on to: mobilize to improve the effectiveness of antipoverty programmes; organize pressure groups; develop a comprehensive national strategy for improving social services; and mobilize to protect women's traditional land and property


text:
During Rwanda's 1994 genocide, Marie lost her husband.
But thanks to Landesa's work in Rwanda, she didn't lose her land.
Land is critical to survival in Rwanda. Ninety percent of the population earns their livelihoods from agriculture. Without land, there is no shelter, no food, no income.
Without her husband, Marie feared she would be dispossessed of this important asset – land. She would have no way to support herself and her family.
Landesa's work in Rwanda prevented this.
Landesa recognizes that clouded land ownership and the resultant conflicts over land in Rwanda, one of Africa's most densely population countries, was one of the contributing factors to the genocide. And we understand that secure land ownership will help create the foundation for the country's recovery.
Landesa began work in Rwanda in 2003.
First, Landesa helped design and implement a pilot program to title and register land rights in a few Rwandan villages – including Marie's. The pilot program not only educated Marie and her neighbors about their rights, it created institutions to ensure that Marie and Rwanda's other widows wouldn't be dispossessed.
Landesa now continues its work in Rwanda to secure and protect women's land rights in an effort to ensure that women like Marie can support themselves and their families. Landesa is advising Rwanda's Ministry of Lands to ensure that both men and women understand the significance of, participate in, and benefit from, the roll out of a national land titling and registration program that is on going.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A comment by Tim Lymington notes that the wife of an earl is a countess. Why is this so? Shouldn't it have been earless? Was this perhaps a conscious decision due to its homography with ear-less?
Did a jarl ever have a jarless? Ah. Perhaps not.
share|improve this question
-ess is a suffix from French; the most common Germanic suffix is -in, so if there were an inherited feminine form of jarl it would probably be jarlin. One can speculate that this would have come into English as earlen (the only desinence of -in I can think of in English is vixen, from fox). – Colin Fine Jan 19 '13 at 19:41
3 Answers 3
The male version of countess is sometimes count. From Wikipedia:
An earl was originally another title, but later came to be equivalent to count:
An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke (hertig/hertug). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer)....
The Norman-derived equivalent "count" was not introduced following the Norman Conquest of England though "countess" was and is used for the female title. As Geoffrey Hughes writes, "It is a likely speculation that the Norman French title 'Count' was abandoned in England in favour of the Germanic 'Earl' […] precisely because of the uncomfortable phonetic proximity to cunt".
share|improve this answer
To further complicate things: "An earl has the title Earl of [X] when the title originates from a placename, or Earl [X] when the title comes from a surname. In either case, he is referred to as Lord [X], and his wife as Lady [X]. A countess who holds an earldom in her own right also uses Lady [X], but her husband does not have a title (unless he has one in his own right)." – Hugo Jan 19 '13 at 6:32
Thanks! So, the reason is "for lack of a better term"? How dull :( Any idea what female jarls were called? – coleopterist Jan 19 '13 at 7:18
As far as I can tell, jarls were only men with no special title for their wives, although the first ever female Guizer Jarl was chosen in 2010, there's no mention of a feminine title. _URL_ (But this actual title only dates from 1906, the role was only created in 1881, and some say it's "based upon a flawed Viking perspective".) – Hugo Jan 19 '13 at 7:32
Before the title died out, jarl was also used for a higher rank in Scandinavia, including rulers of petty kingdoms. I imagine it is for this reason that we normally translate Greve and Lensgreve as Count rather than Earl even though the latter would be a more "complete" translation into English. – Jon Hanna Jan 19 '13 at 14:09
As Hugo cites in his Wikipedia reference, the title of earl is derived from the Anglo-Saxon title. An eorl was the highest rank below the king in pre-Norman England, and there was no female version of the word. Indeed, the only female noble who had a title at all was the cyninge (queen). There existed a kind of abstract title, but it was pretty broad:
ides f (-e/-a) virgin; 2 woman, wife, lady, queen; [it is a word little used except in poetry, and it is supposed by Grimm to have been applied, in the earliest times, like the Greek numfé, to superhuman beings, occupying a position between goddesses and mere women]
In all my reading about the period I have never encountered a female title of rank corresponding to eorl (itself replacing ealdorman). Indeed, even the famous wife of Eorl Leofric of Mercia, whom you know as Lady Godiva (_PHONE_), is simply referred to by her given name, Godgifu.
Given that there was no traditional corresponding title of rank, it is not surprising that one should have been borrowed.
share|improve this answer
An earl and a count are equivalent. But "count" from the French, is a much more common usage in English than "earl," which is derived from the Scandinavian "jarl."
Hence the female version, countess, is a "take off" of a "count" rather than an "earl."
share|improve this answer
On what grounds do you say "'count'... is a much more common usage than English than 'earl'"? Given that earl is a rank in British nobility and count isn't, I think this is nonsense. – Colin Fine Jan 19 '13 at 19:34
Your Answer


In 2003, the drought-stricken state of Texas passed a law requiring retail public water utilities to conduct a water audit every five years.
"We needed to know water loss accountability, how much water loss there is, how the utilities report water losses, and how efficient they are in doing so," says Mark Mathis, municipal water specialist for the Texas Water Development Board.
Three years after the program was implemented, though, Mathis is hard-pressed to compare water loss volumes in the state. Each of its more than 3000 utilities had its own method for calculating water loss percentages, with different variables. Nothing was standardized. "It's so across the board," he says.
These inconsistencies will gradually disappear as utilities adopt the state's new water audit methodology. As part of the state mandate, the water board created an audit form and worksheet based on a newly formulated International Water Association (IWA)/American Water Works Association (AWWA) audit process. In an attempt to make utilities account for every single drop of water, the audit standardizes terminology in an industry where there are no hard-and-fast definitions.
"It's a new method that eliminates the percentage method of accounting, as well as the term 'unnaccounted-for' water, to show in more exact terms where the inefficiencies are occurring," says Mathis.
Although the board is non-regulatory, it can deny funding requests from utilities that haven't submitted a water audit. Mathis believes this stipulation will increase the number of local utilities that adopt the new methodology, so the board can better calculate and manage the state's water loss.
How do you report water loss? What factors do you use to calculate water loss percentages?
Chances are, if 100 water utilities are asked such questions, most won't agree on any given answer. For example, most utilities consider a 10% to 15% "unaccounted-for" water loss rate as acceptable. But what is "unaccounted-for" water loss?
"You can put 10 water utility managers in a room, ask them what 'unaccounted-for' is, and they will each have a different answer," says Mathis.
There also isn't a uniform method for determining water loss percentages, says Mathis. Plus, there are four key measures percentages don't reveal:
 - Where the losses are occurring
 - How much those losses are costing the utility
 - How much is being lost (expressed in volume)
 - Why the losses are occurring.


a comparison, shown as a ratio, of the quantity of types to the quantity of tokens in a specific communication. The type-token ratio is utilized in language studies and analyses to evaluate a person's verbal diversification.
TYPE-TOKEN RATIO (TTR): "The larger the amount of tokens in a type-token ratio, the higher the index, and thus, the larger the diversification."
Cite this page: N., Pam M.S., "TYPE-TOKEN RATIO (TTR)," in PsychologyDictionary.org, April 29, 2013, _URL_ (accessed August 5, 2021).


text:
Planning Begins for Experiment to Study Influence of Aerosols on California Water Supply
September 10, 2008
Researchers from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory will participate in the CalWater: Energy, Water, and Regional Climate Planning Meeting on September 15-17, 2008 at Scripps Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA. Participants are planning a joint experiment between NOAA, the California Energy Commission, and Scripps Institute of Oceanography to study the interactions between air quality and the hydrologic cycle in a changing climate. Expected outcomes of this meeting include a science plan and an implementation strategy describing testable hypotheses addressing how aerosols from regional and trans-Pacific pollution influence water supply and snowpack in California.
The interaction of increased regional and transported pollution and global warming trends will have an unknown affect on California's water supplies. On one hand, air pollution may partially offset the warming trend by increasing the sunlight scattering off of aerosols which will cool the surface. But on the other hand, increasing pollution deposited within snowpacks will darken the snow which will absorb more radiation and melt the snowpack quicker reducing California's natural snowpack reservoirs. These non-linear and off-setting interactions are dependent on the type and amount of aerosols as well as the state of the regional climate. California is interested in finding the most effective way to simultaneously reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, aerosols, other air pollutants and their precursors while maximizing the benefits for air quality, water resources, and climate change.
This experiment will leverage heavily the NOAA HMT-West effort, as well as NOAA's UAS Program and will address anthropogenic effects of aerosols on precipitation, and climate change impacts on the amplitude and frequency of extreme precipitation events involving atmospheric rivers.


Chinese remainder theorem
From formulasearchengine
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In its basic form, the Chinese remainder theorem will determine a number n that when divided by some given divisors leaves given remainders. For example, what is the lowest number n that when divided by 3 leaves a remainder of 2, when divided by 5 leaves a remainder of 3, and when divided by 7 leaves a remainder of 2?
Theorem statement
The original form of the theorem, contained in the 5th-century book Sunzi's Mathematical Classic (孫子算經{{_TAG_:Category handler|main}}) by the Chinese mathematician Sun Tzu and later generalized with a complete solution called Dayanshu (大衍術{{_TAG_:Category handler|main}}) in Qin Jiushao's 1247 Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections (數書九章{{_TAG_:Category handler|main}}, Shushu Jiuzhang), is a statement about simultaneous congruences.
Suppose n1,..., nk are positive integers that are pairwise coprime. Then, for any given sequence of integers a1,..., ak, there exists an integer Template:Mvar solving the following system of simultaneous congruences.
Furthermore, all solutions Template:Mvar of this system are congruent modulo the product, N = n1... nk. Hence
Sometimes, the simultaneous congruences can be solved even if the ni are not pairwise coprime. A solution Template:Mvar exists if and only if:
All solutions Template:Mvar are then congruent modulo the least common multiple of the ni.
Sun Tzu's work contains neither a proof nor a full algorithm. What amounts to an algorithm for solving this problem was described by Aryabhata (6th century; see Template:Harvnb). Special cases of the Chinese remainder theorem were also known to Brahmagupta (7th century), and appear in Fibonacci's Liber Abaci (1202).
Existence and uniqueness
There are N = n1... nk different Template:Mvar-tuples of remainders. Let us call this set Template:Mvar. On the other hand N = #{1,..., N}, and each element of {1,..., N} corresponds to an element of Template:Mvar. Can two numbers a, b ∈ {1,..., N}, correspond to the same member of Template:Mvar? That is, can they have the same set of remainders when divided by n1,..., nk? If they did then ab would be divisible by each Template:Mvar. Since the Template:Mvar are relatively prime, ab would be divisible by their product: Template:Mvar. This can't be, so this function {1,..., N} → R is one-to-one. Since #{1,..., N} = _TAG_, it must be onto as well. Thus we have established the existence of a bijection.
Existence can be seen by an explicit construction of Template:Mvar. Let [a−1]b denote the multiplicative inverse of a (mod b) given by the Extended Euclidean algorithm. It is defined exactly when Template:Mvar and Template:Mvar are coprime; the following construction explains why this condition is needed.
Case of two equations (k = 2)
Consider the system:
Multiplying both sides by Template:Mvar, we get
and it is seen to satisfy both congruences, for example:
General case
The same type of construction works in the general case of Template:Mvar congruence equations. Let N = n1... nk be the product of every modulus then define
Finding the solution with basic algebra and modular arithmetic
For example, consider the problem of finding an integer Template:Mvar such that
Brute-force approach
x ∈ {11, 71,...}
Which can be expressed as
Algebraic approach
We start by translating these congruences into equations for some Template:Mvar, and Template:Mvar:
Start by substituting the Template:Mvar from the first equation into the second congruence:
meaning that t = 3 + 4s for some integer Template:Mvar. Substitute Template:Mvar into the first equation:
Substitute this Template:Mvar into the third congruence:
meaning that s = 0 + 5u for some integer Template:Mvar. Finally,
A constructive algorithm to find the solution
Define: N = n1... nk. For each Template:Mvar, the integers ni and {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=N/ni}} are coprime. Using the extended Euclidean algorithm we can find ri, siZ such that rini + {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=siN/ni}} = 1. Substitute ei for {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=siN/ni}}, to arrive at: rini + ei = 1. So the remainder of ei divided by ni is 1. On the other hand, ei = {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=siN/ni}}, guarantees that nj divides ei for ji. To summarize:
Using the extended Euclidean algorithm, for Template:Mvar modulo 3 and 20 [4 × 5], we find (−13) × 3 + 2 × 20 = 1; i.e., e1 = 40. For Template:Mvar modulo 4 and 15 [3 × 5], we get (−11) × 4 + 3 × 15 = 1, i.e. e2 = 45. Finally, for Template:Mvar modulo 5 and 12 [3 × 4], we get 5 × 5 + (−2) × 12 = 1, i.e. e3 = −24. A solution Template:Mvar is therefore 2 × 40 + 3 × 45 + 1 × (−24) = 191. All other solutions are congruent to 191 modulo 60, [3 × 4 × 5], which means they are all congruent to 11 modulo 60.
Statement for principal ideal domains
Chinese Remainder Theorem for Principal Ideal Domains. Let Template:Mvar be principal ideal domain. If u1,..., uk are pairwise coprime elements of Template:Mvar where u =, then the quotient ring R/uR and the product ring R/u1R ×... × R/ukR are isomorphic via the following map:
can be solved for Template:Mvar, and the injectivity of the map f shows that all the solutions Template:Mvar are congruent modulo Template:Mvar.
Proof. This map is well-defined and a homomorphism of rings. An inverse homomorphism can be constructed as follows, showing that it is in fact an isomorphism. For each Template:Mvar, the elements ui and u/ui are coprime, and therefore there exist elements Template:Mvar and Template:Mvar in Template:Mvar with
Set ei = su/ui. Then it is clear that
Thus the inverse of f is the map
Statement for general rings
Chinese Remainder Theorem for Commutative Rings. If Template:Mvar is a commutative ring and I1,..., Ik are ideals of R that are pairwise coprime (meaning Ii + Ij = R for all ij), then the product Template:Mvar of these ideals is equal to their intersection, and the quotient ring R/I is isomorphic to the product ring R/I1 ×... × R/Ik via the isomorphism
Chinese Remainder Theorem for Noncommutative Rings. Let Template:Mvar be any ring with 1 (not necessarily commutative) and I1,..., Ik be pairwise coprime 2-sided ideals. Then the canonical Template:Mvar-module homomorphism RR/I1 ×... × R/Ik is onto, with kernel I1 ∩... ∩ Ik. Hence, (as Template:Mvar-modules).
Sequence Numbering
Fast Fourier Transform
Hermite Interpolation
Solution. Introducing the polynomials
the problem may be equivalently reformulated as a system of Template:Mvar simultaneous congruences:
The partial fraction decomposition of {{ safesubst:_TAG_:Unsubst||$B=1/Q}} gives Template:Mvar polynomials Sj with degrees deg(Sj) < νj such that
so that
and the minimal degree solution is this one reduced modulo Template:Mvar, that is the unique with degree less than Template:Mvar.
Dedekind's Theorem
Dedekind's Theorem on the Linear Independence of Characters. Let Template:Mvar be a monoid and Template:Mvar an integral domain, viewed as a monoid by considering the multiplication on Template:Mvar. Then any finite family fi )iI of distinct monoid homomorphisms fi : Mk is linearly independent. In other words every family (αi)iI of elements αik satisfying
must be equal to the family (0)iI.
Proof. First assume that Template:Mvar is a field, otherwise, replace the integral domain Template:Mvar by its quotient field, and nothing will change. We can linearly extend the monoid homomorphisms fi : Mk to Template:Mvar-algebra homomorphisms Fi : k[M] → k, where k[M] is the monoid ring of Template:Mvar over Template:Mvar. Then, by linearity, the condition
Consequently, the map
for every vector (ui)iI in the image of the map Template:Mvar. Since Template:Mvar is sur


text:
In 2004 St. Philip's Academy made a commitment. With its hometown Newark, New Jersey, seeking signs of urban renewal and the school's existing facilities increasingly overcrowded, St. Philip's decided to become a transformational force in the community.
Honoring a mission statement that pledges support for Newark's revitalization, school officials started looking for a property in the city's central ward. The idea was simple: move to a neighborhood in need of rebuilding and spur Newark's regeneration from the inside out.
St. Philip's, a private school for grades K-8, had seen its programming grow significantly since the school's founding in 1988. Having outgrown its second building, St. Philip's and its 330+ students wanted a facility that fostered new approaches to learning. After considering more than 20 potential locations and the option to build new, St. Philip's selected an abandoned factory surrounded by burned-out houses and vacant lots in Newark's former industrial core.
"This location signals our ongoing commitment to urban education," said Head of School Miguel Brito. "It has also enabled us to demonstrate civic leadership in the city's redevelopment."
With input from school officials and local families, Gensler adapted St. Philip's new home, a 1920s chocolate factory, into a 21st century learning environment with a strong sustainable ethic. Although the existing 55,000-square-foot factory had been vacant for four decades and fallen into disrepair, Gensler was able to retain 80% of the original building.
"I'm proud to say that we kept a large portion of the existing structure out of landfills," said Gensler's Ralph Walker, the project architect. "One of our design team goals was to reduce our impact by using what was available locally. And when I say locally, I mean right on the site."
St. Philip's wanted the new school to create a vibrant learning environment that expands curricula options and promotes creativity in education. To achieve this transformation, designers crafted a facility characterized by its flexible — rather than fixed — spaces. Classrooms filled with light, color and flexible furniture encourage creativity, collaboration and imagination.
Teachers leverage their new school as a learning laboratory, highlighting the sustainable features of the building's design. Spaces, including the gymnasium, with outdoor access to playing fields and a rooftop garden and environmental center, are used as teaching tools.
Using the school's non-conventional learning spaces, students directly engage nature, community and sustainability. Students learn to grow fruits and vegetables on the school's roof, which are then served in the cafeteria. Food waste is turned into compost for the roof garden, creating a "closed loop" that teaches children about nutrition, health and the environment.
Designed to meet a LEED® Silver 2.1 rating, St. Philip's will be one of Newark's first LEED-certified structures. Radiant heat, low VOC paints and a green roof that can be planted as a working garden are all important features of the new building.
Strong schools can act as primary agents in improving the quality of life and safety of a neighborhood. As a LEED® building, St. Philip's is creating opportunities to improve the health and educational settings for all its students, regardless of income or background. At the same time, the school is having a tangible impact on development in Newark.
On one city block, more than 20 homes have been built in less than one year," Brito said. "I think the neighborhood is learning from the children. We've taken another block and taken ownership of it. The kids are cleaning it. They're making a difference…"
Leah Ray with Aaron Smith—Gensler Firmwide Communications
Michael Moran: pages 1—6
*For detailed information, please roll over imagery on individual story pages.
For more information on St. Philip's Academy see:
Gensler Project Contact
Ralph Walker (Gensler—New York): _EMAIL_
As architects, designers, planners and consultants, we partner with our clients on some 3,000 projects every year. These projects can be as small as a wine label or as large as a new urban district. With 2,000+ professionals networked across more than 30 locations, we serve our clients as trusted advisors, combining localized expertise with global perspective wherever new opportunities arise. Our work reflects an enduring commitment to sustainability and the belief that design is one of the most powerful strategic tools for securing lasting competitive advantage.
Download Gensler's Fact Sheet (pdf) for more information regarding the the services we provide, markets we support, our locations and our leadership.
Download "Design Update: The Ritz-Carlton and JW Marriott at L.A. LIVE" (pdf) to learn how L.A.'s sports-entertainment district gets its landmark.


text:
If you are a long-term acid reflux sufferer, you probably know that certain foods trigger heartburn. These foods may even include healthy fruits and vegetables; such as garlic, onions, tomatoes, pineapples or oranges.
If you haven't tried dragon fruit before, you may have no idea how this tropical fruit could affect your acid reflux symptoms.
Is dragon fruit a friend or foe when it comes to acid reflux disease?
The answer is just below…
The Immediate Answer
To date, no scientific study has looked at the effects of dragon fruit on acid reflux.
However, the nutrient profile of dragon fruit suggests that the fruit should be safe for acid reflux patients and may even help to manage acid reflux symptoms by providing certain nutrients to the body, such as dietary fibre.
In the rest of the article, we'll take a closer look at the potential effects of eating dragon fruit on acid reflux.
But first, let's briefly talk about acid reflux disease and explain specific terms such as LES, GERD and heartburn, as we'll use them many times in the rest of the article.
*Note that dragon fruit is also known as pitaya, pitahaya or strawberry pear.
What is Acid Reflux?
Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the food pipe (the esophagus).
Normally the lower esophagal sphincter muscle (called LES) prevents stomach acid from moving upward. However, sometimes LES opens when it shouldn't or doesn't fully close after letting foods enter the stomach. This allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing specific symptoms.
The image below illustrates the function of the lower oesophagal sphincter (LES) muscle, which is located at the lower end of the esophagus.
The most common symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, which refers to the burning sensation in the chest or throat.
It is normal to get heartburn from time to time. However, some people get heartburn or acid reflux frequently.
According to the Mayo Clinic; when acid reflux repeatedly happens over time, it is called gastroesophagal reflux disease (GERD), or chronic acid reflux.
Why is Dragon Fruit Considered Safe For GERD Patients?
The reason tomatoes, lemons, oranges and many other citrus fruits often trigger heartburn in many GERD patients is that they are high in acid.
Consuming highly acidic foods contributes to the acidic environment of the stomach, increasing the risk of heartburn. Besides, according to the American College of Gastroenterology, the consumption of acidic foods can irritate the already damaged lining of the esophagus (the food pipe) in people with GERD.
To prevent further damage to the esophagus and lower the number of reflux episodes, GERD patients are usually advised to consume non-acidic (alkaline) and low-acid foods.
Dragon fruit has a pH value between 6 to 7, which makes the fruit mildly acidic to neutral. It bears repeating that low-acid fruits and vegetables are regarded as OK for people with chronic heartburn.
Moreover, dragon fruit contains alkaline-forming minerals such as calcium, magnesium and potassium, hinting that the fruit is safe for GERD patients.
Another reason dragon fruits are unlikely to trigger heartburn is that they contain no fat.
Fat takes more time to digest, causing the stomach to produce more acid, which raises the risk of having heartburn in susceptible individuals.
Research shows that eating fatty foods (especially foods with unhealthy fats) may trigger a response in the body that relaxes the LES muscle.
Considering these factors, dragon fruit is very unlikely to cause heartburn. This is especially true when it is consumed as a part of a GERD-friendly diet.
Does Eating Dragon Fruit Help Improve GERD Symptoms?
As mentioned above, no study has tested the effects of dragon fruit on acid reflux. So, no direct evidence says eating dragon fruit can improve acid reflux symptoms.
However, we shouldn't forget that dragon fruit contains a decent amount of dietary fibre. According to the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA); a 100-gram serving of dragon fruit provides around 3 grams of fibre.
Fibre can help reduce the frequency and severity of acid reflux symptoms, both directly and indirectly.
Firstly, fibre can provide the feeling of fullness. This can prevent individuals from overeating, which is strongly correlated with heartburn.
Fibre may also improve acid reflux symptoms directly by:
- neutralising excess stomach acid
- improving esophageal function
There are even studies, demonstrating the efficacy of eating a fibre-rich diet in managing acid reflux symptoms.
For instance, a recent study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that a fibre-enriched diet may lower the number of acid reflux episodes and decrease heartburn frequency.
Can Dragon Fruit Cure Acid Reflux?
According to Dr Ekta Gupta — a gastroenterologist at Johns Hopkins Medicine —; diet plays a vital role in controlling acid reflux symptoms. And, she advises acid reflux patients to consume foods from 3 categories;
- High-fibre foods
- Watery Foods
Dragon fruit contains a substantial amount of fibre and has alkaline-forming minerals. Plus, the fruit contains a high amount of moisture. All these properties of dragon fruit suggest that it is an ideal food for GERD patients.
However, neither dragon fruit nor any other fruits or vegetables — however healthy — can cure gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; GERD can be controlled with lifestyle modifications (including diet modifications) and with medicine, or a combination of both. And, in some cases, doctors may recommend surgery.
Foods to Include in Your Acid Reflux Diet
You might wonder what other foods you can include in your diet to reduce the frequency and severity of acid reflux symptoms.
In general, high-fibre, low-fat and alkaline foods are recommended to control acid reflux symptoms.
In addition to dragon fruit, we also wrote separate articles about the potential effects of ginger, almonds, and carrot juice on acid reflux symptoms. If you are interested in learning how these foods may help with heartburn, you can click the links below and read the articles.
- Almonds and acid reflux
- Is Ginger good for acid reflux?
- Carrot Juice and Heartburn
- Are Dates Good For Acid Reflux?
- Low-acid and fat-free dragon fruit should be safe for people who suffer from chronic acid reflux.
- The high fibre content of dragon fruit may help reduce the frequency and severity of acid reflux symptoms.
- However, there isn't a one-size-fits-all diet when it comes to acid reflux because everyone reacts differently to the same food. For this reason, people with GERD can try adding moderate amounts of dragon fruit to their diet and monitor how it impacts their symptoms.
- Losing weight (if you are obese or overweight) can positively impact your symptoms.
- Doing exercise is an effective way to lose weight. However, if you have GERD, strenuous exercises can trigger the symptoms. So, try to stick to low-impact exercises, such as walking, to deal with GERD.


text:
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tromp
|←Trombone||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 27
|See also Maarten Tromp and Cornelis Tromp on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.|
TROMP, the name of two famous Dutch admirals.
1. Martin Harpertzoon Tromp (_PHONE_) was born at Brielle, South Holland, in 1597. At the age of eight he made a voyage to the East Indies in a merchantman, but was made prisoner and spent several years on board an English cruiser. On making his escape to Holland he entered the navy in 1624, and in 1637 was made lieutenant-admiral. In February 1639 he surprised, off the Flemish coast near Gravelines, a large Spanish fleet, which he completely destroyed, and in the following September he defeated the combined fleets of Spain and Portugal off the English coast — achievements which placed him in the first rank of Dutch naval commanders. On the outbreak of war with England Tromp appeared in the Downs in command of a large fleet and anchored off Dover. On the approach of Blake he weighed anchor and stood over towards France, but suddenly altered his course and bore down on the English fleet, which was much inferior to his in numbers. In the engagement which followed (May 19, 1652) he had rather the worst of it and drew off with the loss of two ships. In November he again appeared in command of eighty ships of war, and a convoy of 300 merchantmen, which he had undertaken to guard past the English coast. Blake resolved to attack him, and, the two fleets coming to close quarters near Dungeness on the 30th of November, the English, after severe losses, drew off in the darkness and anchored off Dover, retiring next day to the Downs, while Tromp anchored off Boulogne till the Dutch merchantmen had all passed beyond danger. The statement that he sailed up the Channel with a broom at his masthead in token of his ability to sweep the seas is probably mythical. In the following February (1653), while in charge of a large convoy of merchantmen, he maintained a running fight with the combined English fleets under Blake, Penn and Monk off Portland to the sands of Calais, and, though baffling to some extent the purposes of the English, had the worst of the encounter, losing nine ships of war and thirty or forty merchantmen. On the 3rd of June he fought an indecisive battle with the English fleet under Richard Dean in the Channel, but the arrival of reinforcements under Blake on the following day enabled the English to turn the scale against him and he retired to the Texel with the loss of seventeen ships. Greatly discouraged by the results of the battle, the Dutch sent commissioners to Cromwell to treat for peace, but the proposal was so coldly received that war was immediately renewed, Tromp again appearing in the Channel towards the end of July 1653. In the hotly contested conflict which followed with the English under Monk on the 29th Tromp was shot by a musket bullet through the heart. He was buried with great pomp at Delft, where there is a monument to his memory in the old church.
2. Cornelius Van Tromp (_PHONE_), the second son of the preceding, was born at Rotterdam on the 9th of September 1629. At the age of nineteen he commanded a small squadron charged to pursue the Barbary pirates. In 1652 and 1653 he served in Van Galen's fleet in the Mediterranean, and after the action with the English fleet off Leghorn on the 13th of March 1653, in which Van Galen was killed, Tromp was promoted to be rear-admiral. On the 13th of July 1665 his squadron was, by a hard stroke of ill-fortune, defeated by the English under the duke of York. In the following year Tromp served under De Ruyter, and on account of De Ruyter's complaints of his negligence in the action of the 5th of August he was deprived of his command. He was, however, reinstated in 1673 by the stadtholder William, afterwards king of England, and in the actions of the 7th and of the 14th of June, against the allied fleets of England and France, manifested a skill and bravery which completely justified his reappointment. In 1675 he visited England, where he was received with honour by King Charles II. In the following year he was named lieutenant-admiral of the United Provinces. He died at Amsterdam, on the 29th of May 1691, shortly after he had been appointed to the command of a fleet against France. Like his father he was buried at Delft.
See H. de Jager, Het Geslacht Tromp (1883).


text:
More Consistent and Timely Tribal Recognition Process Needed
GAO-02-415T, Feb 7, 2002
- Accessible Text:
In 1978, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) established a regulatory process for recognizing tribes. The process requires tribes that are petitioning for recognition to submit evidence that they have continuously existed as an Indian tribe since historic times. Recognition establishes a formal government-to-government relationship between the United States and a tribe. The quasi-sovereign status created by this relationship exempts some tribal lands from most state and local laws and regulations, including those that regulate gambling. GAO found that the basis for BIA's tribal recognition decisions is not always clear. Although petitioning tribes must meet set criteria to be granted recognition, no guidance exists to clearly explain how to interpret key aspects of the criteria. This lack of guidance creates controversy and uncertainty for all parties about the basis for decisions. The recognition process is also hampered by limited resources; a lack of time; and ineffective procedures for providing information to interested third parties, such as local municipalities and other Indian tribes. As a result, the number of completed petitions waiting to be considered is growing. BIA estimates that it may take up to 15 years before all currently completed petitions are resolved; the process for evaluating a petition was supposed to take about two years. This testimony summarizes a November report (GAO-02-49).


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text:
Take this XLS file
I then save this XLS file as CSV and then open it up with a text editor. This is what I see:
I see that the double quote character in column C was stored as
AB""C, the column value was enclosed with quotations and the double quote character in the data was replaced with 2 double quote characters to indicate that the quote is occurring within the data and not terminating the column value. I also see that the value for column G,
3,2, is enclosed in quotes so that it is clear that the comma occurs within the data rather than indicating a new column. So far, so good.
I am a little surprised that all of the column values are not enclosed by quotes but even this seems reasonable OK when I assume that EXCEL only specifies column delimieters when special characters like a commad or a dbl quote character exists in the data.
Now I try to use SQL Server to import the csv file. Note that I specify a double quote character as the Text Qualifier character.
And a command char as the Column delimiter character. However, note that SSIS imports column 3 incorrectly,eg, not translating the two consecutive double quote characters as a single occurence of a double quote character.
What do I have to do to get Excel and SSIS to get along?
Generally people avoid the issue by using column delimiter chactacters that are LESS LIKELY to occur in the data but this is not a real solution.
I find that if I modify the file from this
i.e, removing the two consecutive quotes in column C's value, that the data is loaded properly, however, this is a little confusing to me. First of all, how does SSIS determine that the double quote between the B and the C is not terminating that column value? Is it because the following characters are not a comma column delimiter or a row delimiter (CRLF)? And why does Excel export it this way?
According to Wikipedia, here are a couple of traits of a CSV file:
Fields containing line breaks (CRLF), double quotes, and commas should be enclosed in double-quotes. For example:
"aaa","b CRLF bb","ccc" CRLF zzz,yyy,xxx
If double-quotes are used to enclose fields, then a double-quote appearing inside a field must be escaped by preceding it with another double quote. For example:
However, it looks like SSIS doesn't like it that way when importing. What can be done to get Excel to create a CSV file that could contain ANY special characters used as column delimiters, text delimiters or row delimiters in the data? There's no reason that it can't work using the approach specified in Wikipedia,. which is what I thought the old MS DTS packages used to do...
If I use Notepad change the input file to
Excel reads it just fine
but SSIS returns
The preview sample contains embedded text qualifiers ("). The flat file parser does not support embedding text qualifiers in data. Parsing columns that contain data with text qualifiers will fail at run time.


Skip (curling)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Curling positions
In curling, the skip (also called a "skipper") is the captain of the team. The skip is responsible for determining strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but the skip can play in any other position.
Skips Madeleine Dupont, Andrea Schöpp, and Mirjam Ott hold their brooms on the ice at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Overall, the skip is responsible for leading the team and giving it strategic direction.[1] The skip calls shots for his or her teammates to play[2] through verbal direction and/or physical gestures. In many cases, the skip communicates the planned trajectory of the shot by tapping his or her broom on the ice, and will motion to other stones in the playing area if they are involved in the planned shot. The skip will usually determine the required weight, turn and line of the stone, and hold the broom for the throwing player to aim at. As each stone is delivered, the skip calls the line of the shot and communicates with the sweepers as the stone travels down the sheet.[3] The skip will gauge the stone's path and call to the sweepers to sweep in order to maintain the stone's path. In most cases, the skip, playing the fourth stones, must be able to deliver these last stones comfortably, a difficult task in that the last stones are usually the most crucial to the end.[4][5] As the person throwing last stones, the skip must also have a good repertoire of shots and the ability to execute many types of shots at will.[2][4]
As the game progresses, the skip must assess different aspects of the game, such as the timing of the rocks and the characteristics of the curling sheet, and use them to decisively create the most optimal shot choices and tactics. The skip should be able to read the ice and call the game accordingly, taking into consideration the ice conditions.[6] Moreover, the skip must understand the playing style and strengths of each player on his or her team. As the captain of the team, the skip's knowledge of his or her teammates will allow the skip to call shots according to the their abilities and orient the team's strategy towards its strengths.[4] The skip must also observe the opposition's gameplay and pinpoint their strengths and weakness in order to shape his or her own team's strategy into one which places the opposition at the least advantage.[5]
 1. ^ CurlTech. "The Skip". The Curling Manual.
 2. ^ a b Weeks, Bob. "Curling For Dummies Cheat Sheet".
 3. ^ Weeks 2006, pp. 69
 4. ^ a b c "House Call: Skipping to Victory". Canadian Curling Association. 28 April 2011.
 5. ^ a b Weeks 2006, pp. 72
 6. ^ Weeks 2006, pp. 73


His name is also romanized as: Alex Co / Alex Ko.
Shifu Xu Jing Wei is a senior student of shifu Xu Wei Peng.
Shifu Xu Jing Wei originally learnt Wu Zu Quan (Five Ancestors Boxing) from Fu Jian province. Later, he joined Sifu shifu Xu Wei Peng around 1980.
Shifu Xu Jing Wei opened a martial art school with his master, but he closed it long time ago.
Shifu Xu Jing Wei, together with his master, wrote a book called "The Praying Mantis Style of Kung Fu". The book was published by "National Book Store" in Manila (Philippines) in 1981 and it covers mostly fundamentals, with some nice pictures and explanations. He also published several articles in magazines. In 2000 he was preparing a new Praying Mantis title that is in its finalizing stage.
In 2000 shifu Xu Jing Wei released two instructional video tapes in the USA (Plum Flower Boxing and Eighteen Ancestors) about Qi Xing Tang Lang and several others on Wu Zu Quan.
He owns a store named "Sqaudron" in Manila, a store that sell all sorts of martial arts items like books, videos, suits, apparatus, etc.


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WhiteSmoke is a writing assistant for Android devices. This app helps users to correct mistakes, punctuation and style.
Whitesmoke Homepage
Writing correctly
Firstly, you can upload any text and check it for spelling, grammar and structure errors. The categories include contextual mistakes, tense agreement, missing prepositions, incorrect determiner and wrong punctuation marks.
Conveniently, each type of mistake has different colors. Therefore distinguishing problems is easy. After that, it is possible to review and apply the suggested corrections. Additionally, you may find given explanations and definitions in the enrichment section.
Similarly, users can polish their writing style with tips from the system. You are able to use the redacted version anywhere you need. There is a copy to clipboard button as well.
If you are not a fan of typing the text yourself, there are powerful modern tools like Otter. It is a speech recognition utility that allows users to record meetings, transcribe them and automatically create notes.
 - a detailed explanation of errors and writing style correction;
 - ability to view and apply corrections without retyping;
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Getting Started with ReplicaSets
Understanding ReplicaSets
Most applications should be scalable and all must be fault tolerant. Pods do not provide those features, ReplicaSets do.
 - We learned that Pods are the smallest unit in Kubernetes. We also learned that Pods are not fault tolerant. If a Pod is destroyed, Kubernetes will do nothing to remedy the problem. That is if Pods are created without Controllers.
 - The first Controller we'll explore is called ReplicaSet. Its primary, and pretty much only function, is to ensure that a specified number of replicas of a Pod matches the actual state (almost) all the time. That means that ReplicaSets make Pods scalable.
 - We can think of ReplicaSets as a self-healing mechanism. As long as elementary conditions are met (e.g., enough memory and CPU), Pods associated with a ReplicaSet are guaranteed to run. They provide faulttolerance and high availability.
 - If you're familiar with Replication Controllers, it is worth mentioning that ReplicaSet is the next-generation ReplicationController. The only significant difference is that ReplicaSet has extended support for selectors. Everything else is the same. ReplicationController is considered deprecated, so we'll focus only on ReplicaSet.
ReplicaSet's primary function is to ensure that the specified number of replicas of a service are (almost) always running.
Let's explore ReplicaSet through examples and see how it works and what it does.
// replicaset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
 name: containerlabs-replicaset
 replicas: 5
 tier: frontend
 tier: frontend
 - name: php-redis
 image: nginx
The apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields are mandatory with all Kubernetes objects. ReplicaSet is no exception, i.e., it is also a Kubernetes object
 - We specified that the apiVersion is apps/v1.
 - The kind is ReplicaSet and metadata has the name key set to containerlabs-replicaset. We could have extended ReplicaSet metadata with labels. However, we skipped that part since they would serve only for informational purposes. They do not affect the behavior of the ReplicaSet. You should be familiar with the above three fields since we already explored them when we worked with Pods. In addition to them, the spec section is mandatory as well.
 - The first field we defined in the spec section is replicas. It sets the desired number of replicas of the Pod. In this case, the ReplicaSet should ensure that 5 Pods should run concurrently. If we did not specify the value of the replicas, it would default to 1
 - The next spec section is the selector. We use it to select which pods should be included in the ReplicaSet. It does not distinguish between the Pods created by a ReplicaSet or some other process. In other words, ReplicaSets and Pods are decoupled. If Pods that match the selector exist, ReplicaSet will do nothing. If they don't, it will create as many Pods to match the value of the replicas field. Not only that ReplicaSet creates the Pods that are missing, but it also monitors the cluster and ensures that the desired number of replicas is (almost) always running. In case there are already more running Pods with the matching selector, some will be terminated to match the number set in replicas.
 - The last section of the spec field is the template. It is the only required field in the spec, and it has the same schema as a Pod specification. At a minimum, the labels of the spec.template.metadata.labels section must match those specified in the spec.selector.matchLabels. We can set additional labels that will serve informational purposes only. ReplicaSet will make sure that the number of replicas matches the number of Pods with the same labels.
Creating the ReplicaSet
Let's create the ReplicaSet and experience its advantages first hand.
kubectl create -f replicaset.yaml
We got the response that the replicaset was created. We can confirm that by listing all the ReplicaSets in the cluster.
kubectl get rs
kubectl describe -f replicaset.yaml
Judging by the events, we can see that ReplicaSet created 5 Pods while trying to match the desired state with the actual state. Finally, if you are not yet convinced that the ReplicaSet created the missing Pods, we can list all those running in the cluster and confirm it.
kubectl get pods --show-labels
To be on the safe side, we used the --show-labels argument so that we can verify that the Pods in the cluster match those created by the ReplicaSet.


Flowchart Example 1 The algorithm sums all the even... - FTSM
Document Sample
Flowchart Example 1 The algorithm sums all the even... - FTSM Powered By Docstoc
 Flowchart Example 1:
The algorithm sums all the even numbers between 1 and 20 inclusive and then displays the sum. It uses
a repeat loop and contains a null else within the repeat loop.
The equivalent pseudocode is:
sum = 0
count = 1
 IF count is even THEN sum = sum + count
 count = count + 1
UNTIL count > 20
Some rules for flow charts
Well-drawn flow charts are easy to read. What must you do to draw well-drawn flow charts? Here are a
few rules:
 a. Every flow chart has a START symbol and a STOP symbol
 b. The flow of sequence is generally from the top of the page to the bottom of the page. This can
 vary with loops which need to flow back to an entry point.
 c. Use arrow-heads on connectors where flow direction may not be obvious.
 d. There is only one flow chart per page
 e. A page should have a page number and a title
 f. A flow chart on one page should not break and jump to another page
 g. A flow chart should have no more than around 15 symbols (not including START and STOP)
Flow Chart Example 2:
Draw a flowchart to find the sum of first 50 natural numbers.
Answer: The required flowchart is given in Fig. 1.
 Fig. 2 Sum of first 50 natural numbers
Flow Chart Example 2
Draw a flowchart to find the largest of three numbers A, B, and C.
 Fig 3 Flowchart for finding out the largest of three number
Flowchart Example 4
Draw a flowchart for computing factorial N (N!)
Where N! = 1?2?3?....N.
The required flowchart has been shown in fig 3
 Fig 4 Flowchart for computing factorial N
Flowchart Example 5:
A product assembly team in a gaming machine manufacturer were looking for ways of building the
product more efficiently. They broke down the assembly process into a set of Flowcharts, showing how
sub-assemblies were made and then built into the final product. Analysis of the reel assembly process
revealed two improvements:
The kit of parts was already checked by the kit assembly line, who were sometimes careless, as they
knew the kit would be rechecked. The assembly line process was improved so the check here could be
removed. This saved over two minutes per reel in checking, and up to fifteen minutes when the kit was
Fitting the reel band after the reel had been attached to the base was awkward. Fitting the band before
the reel was attached to the base was more comfortable and saved about a minute per reel.
The process Flowcharts, before and after improvement, are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig 4 Flowchart for gaming machine manufacturer
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