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In 70-80% of cases, as a rule, the breakdown is insignificant and charge will be about $165-195
We will not charge you for labor if the problem will be just with circuit breakers, lost power, damaged power outlet, clogged sewerage and etc.
We Service All Major Brands & Models
Microwave Oven Common Problems
If the microwave door does not open, the door opening mechanism has failed. To find the place of breakdown, it is best to give the microwave oven to a service center or go to specialists from Fuse Appliance Repair. I do not advise you to try to open the door with effort. You can damage both the door itself and cause additional damage to the mechanism of its opening.
- Rotary table.
The small power of the electric motor of constant rotation of the turntable in the microwave oven is not uncommon for these motors, since they wear out with age.
Sometimes the breakdown will be unexpected and the turntable will stop. But sometimes the engine starts to make strange noises, which indicate the impending trouble.
- Failure of the exhaust fan.
Like the rotary table, the exhaust fan is powered by a small motor that runs constantly. Sometimes the fan motor and the table are common. The failure of the electric motor of the fan often occurs suddenly, and sometimes they break down gradually, making some strange and unusual sounds in the process of work.
- Malfunction of mixer motor.
The mixer in your microwave oven is a small metal blade that continuously rotates, while the oven is running. The purpose of the mixer is to make sure that the microwave energy in the oven is evenly distributed. This helps to prevent uneven cooking or heating food.
As with the exhaust fan and the turntable, the mixer motor breaks down gradually, producing unusual sounds during operation. The impending breakdown of the mixer motor can often be accompanied by a strange grinding noise.
- Problems with the magnetron.
Magnetron can be considered the heart of a microwave oven. It generates microwave radiation, which prepares food. This happens by converting electricity into microwave energy of the appropriate frequency.
A good magnetron works almost silently. But as soon as the end of their working life comes to an end, they start to make strange sounds. The noise of a defective magnetron can range from a rather shrill howling to growling or rumbling.
You should know that if the furnace magnetron has already begun to emit these noises, then this is not dangerous. But it is a sure sign of an impending breakdown. Call the wizard as soon as you start to notice these sounds, and he will help you avoid the failure of the microwave oven at an inconvenient time.
This problem begins to manifest itself due to untimely care of the microwave, traces of fat and food accumulate on the walls of the microwave and it starts to spark, all microwaves have a mica plate that is a dielectric, that is, a material through which any radio waves easily pass. For the mica is installed magnetron, with the help of which our food is heated. As a rule, when the microwave begins to spark, then the mica and the magnetron cup are burnt, but there are also cases when the magnetron itself breaks down, so if your microwave sparkled, do not turn it on any more, and replace the mica and Check the magnetron cap.
The paint on the inside of the microwave oven can be chamfered. If the paint is beveled, the inner metal will be opened, resulting in a microwave sparking or blowing. Check the inside of the microwave oven in any places where the paint has broken away. If there are damaged spots, touch them with the microwave oven's paint.
Most microwave ovens have internal lighting that turns on when they are warmed up or when the door is opened. This light is not necessary for microwave operation, but it is much more convenient to use with it. If the bulb in the microwave is burnt out, you can carefully disassemble the microwire and replace the bulb or consult technicians from Fuse Appliance Repair.
Every thing, be it an electrical appliance or some kind of mechanism, has its expiry date and resource of work. In our world there is nothing eternal and the magnetron is no exception. The resource of operation of the magnetron directly depends on the mode of its operation. The more intensive the microwave oven, the less the magnetron will serve. In the course of long operation, the magnetron "ages and wears out", resulting in such a malfunction as the loss of cathode emission, i.e. The cathode region is depleted with time, and it loses its ability to emit electrons into the working region, which causes the magnetron to stop working. The second malfunction that can occur during long operation is a break in the filament. In this case, you can give an example of an ordinary incandescent lamp, no matter how much it would not shine to you, sooner or later, it will still burn out. As a result of the breakage of the filament, approximately the same situation arises as in the first case. The cathode is not heated, hence – there is no emission. These two malfunctions are often encountered in practice, and if we theorize theoretically, we can assume that a third malfunction occurs as a result of a prolonged operation of the furnace – this is a failure of the magnetic system of the magnetron. In the event of a malfunctioning of the magnetic system, the electrons will simply fly from the cathode to the anode, they will not "circulate" along the anode surface and the microwave oscillations in the resonators will not arise. In practice, it was in magnetrons that I did not see this, but it was found in other devices containing permanent magnets. From time or under the influence of external factors, a permanent magnet can lose its properties (demagnetize).
Warning: A microwave oven can store a deadly amount of electricity (up to 5000 volts) in its high-voltage capacitor even after the microwave oven is disconnected from the mains. It is therefore extremely important to replace the electronic components in the microwave oven, only a licensed technical can lock them).
Another very common malfunction of the magnetron is the breakdown of the pass-through capacitors of the magnetron filter. Check it out, the same simple, by the same tester. In the resistance measurement mode, you need to touch the probes of the device with one of the power terminals of the magnetron and its housing. If the device shows "infinity" – the capacitors are in good order (bottom picture). If the device shows any resistance, then one of the capacitors is broken or in a leak. If there are other serviceable capacitors, they can simply be replaced, if not, then it is better to replace the magnetron with a known good.
- Door switch
There are many reasons why your microwave oven does not turn on, one of which can be a faulty door switch. A door switch, known as a lock switch, signals to other microwave components to start the power supply when the door is closed and stop when the door is opened. For this reason, everything else can appear in working order, but the microwave will not start to heat up. To access the door switch or the lock switch, turn off the microwave oven and remove the cabinet. The switches have terminals designated C for general and NO for normally open. Check each terminal with a multimeter to ensure continuity. If at the time there is, then it means that the switch is working. If there is no circuit, replace the switch. You can also take this opportunity to make sure that the door hooks work correctly.
- Ceramic fuse
If your microwave oven does not start and the display is empty and does not respond, the problem may be related to the ceramic fuse. This part protects other microwave components from power fluctuations and leads to a total loss of power when it fails, that is, your microwave oven will not work. To access the ceramic fuse located inside the cabinet next to the power cord, first turn off the microwave oven. Use a multimeter to check the integrity of the fuse. If you are aware of the cause of a fuse failure, such as opening or closing a microwave door, you can also check the door switch to make sure it works. If you do not know the cause of the fuse failure, you can test other microwave parts, such as a magnetron, a high voltage diode, a capacitor and a transformer.
- Thermal fuse or cut-out
The problem with a thermal fuse or cutout can be the reason that your microwave oven does not turn on. Thermoswitches, also known as thermal fuses, help to keep the furnace from overheating. When the heat outputs do not work, your microwave oven does not turn on as a precaution so that it does not heat up. To access the thermal switches, first turn off the microwave oven, and then remove the cabinet. After you find the thermal fuse, disconnect its wires from the terminals. Use the multimeter to check for continuity and replace the thermal cutouts if there is no continuity. Take this opportunity to also check if the cooling fan is working, or to cause the microwave to overheat, shutting off the airflow.
- Door Latch
Your microwave oven may not start due to a problem with the door latch. Most of the door latches are made of plastic hooks that stick out of the door and lock the door switch when the door is closed, signaling the rest of the controls to turn on the microwave. If the hooks are damaged or do not have tension due to worn springs, the switch will not click, which means that the microwave oven does not turn on. To gain access to the door latch, first unplug the microwave oven from the power source and remove the inner door panel


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What are the negative effects of collagen in the ankle and how does it affect healing?What does a baroreceptor detect? Select one: O A. oxygen O B. pressure 0 C. pH OD. water content
The post What Are The Negative Effects Of Collagen In The Ankle And How Does It Affect Healing first appeared on homeworkcrew.
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What is Thermocouple Compensation Wire?
What is Thermocouple Wire?
Wire that is used in a thermocouple from the point of sensing to the point of cold junction compensation (cjc end) where the signal is measured. A thermocouple is a sensor for measuring temperature, which consists of two dissimilar metals that are joined together at the sensing end.
Different thermocouple types (e.g. J, K, T, E, etc) use different mixtures of metals in the wire. At the cjc end, the millivolt value provided by the thermocouple represents the difference in temperature of the sensing end as compared to the cjc end (also called the reference end).
What is the difference between Thermocouple grade and Extension grade wire?
Thermocouple grade wire is wire that is used to make the sensing point (or probe part) of the thermocouple. Extension grade wire is only used to extend a thermocouple signal from a probe back to the instrument reading the signal. The extension grade wire typically will have a lower ambient temperature limit in which the wire may be used.
Namely, it may pass a signal representing a higher temperature as received from the probe, but the wire physically may not be exposed to higher temperatures. Thermocouple wire may be used as extension wire, but extension grade wire may not be used in the sensing point (or probe part) of the thermocouple. Part numbers for extension wire typically begin with an "EX" prefix.


Colorado Parrot Breeder
Squeaky Cheeks Aviary
Green Cheek Conure Info
Green Cheek Conures are very special little parrots. They are energetic, curious and funny. And love their people. They come in many different colors which make them fun to collect. They can do well playing with other birds, but they are not colony birds so they can get bossy and chase other birds around. Some of them can be housed with another Green Cheek or similar parrot. It depends on the bird.
Green Cheeks are considered quieter on the parrot loudness scale. But that does not mean they are silent. They love to chatter and make their noises. Green Cheeks can learn to say a few words. They are considered a small parrot and live up to 30 years in captivity.
Green Cheeks are lovable and sweet, but can also be little stinkers. They are energetic and curious so they will test what they can and cannot do. They are funny little characters and will always be great entertainment in your home.
Green Cheeks love wood toys, they nibble at them and ruin them slowly in my opinion. But do not get parakeet toys for them, they are not species appropriate. The little parakeet toys such as hanging ring toys can get stuck around these bigger birds. So get small parrot toys! They love bells too. Parrot bells!
Dominant Red Green Cheek Conures
Note on Dominant Red
Dominant Red is a new rare mutation that came out of Hawaii. This is a dominant gene that causes a huge portion of the breast, and head to be a very intense red. It looks best on High Red Pineapples, High Red Yellow Sided and High Red Suncheeks.
The gene has been a lot of work. As with many dominant lethal animal gene combos in nature, this can cause health issues. You cannot breed 2 of these birds together as its a lethal combo and babies will die. Dominant Red can cause weep eyes, which is moist feathers around the eye, and a bald spot on the back of the head. Breeders have made progress on producing birds without these problems. Which is fantastic! They are making progress. But issues still may pop up in breeding's because the gene is so new. At this time in their evolution there is no such thing zero chance of not have issues pop up in clutches. Breeders just have to pick the best ones and breed from those. The gene is worth working with as the gene is getting healthier through the years. The bald spots can grow back as the bird ages at around one year, and your bird won't even have that anymore. Also weepy eye goes away once the bird is past one year of age. Another notable thing with Dominants is that they tend to mature slower. They are smaller longer and eventually fill out.
The ones with slight health issues such as teary eyes and a temporary bald spot on the head these birds should be adopted out to pet only homes. And never bred. This will not affect the birds quality of life. They will still be the same sweet personality you want in a Green Cheek. But with a flaw or 2 temporarily. In my aviary these birds will go for a lesser cost and the adopter will be made aware of the issue before they purchase. As we are a no cull aviary.
Because of the difficulty to breed them and high cost of the bird for breeding stock, the Dominant Reds cost is a little bit more if they have zero issues.
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Man refusing to take a drink
Court-Ordered Rehab and the Consequences for Violations
Violations to court-ordered rehabilitation treatment can lead to serious consequences, and the courts may determine that the person requires long-term care or some form of imprisonment based on his or her actions. The priority is to ensure that the person is not a danger to others or his or her own situation and that the consequences fit the problem.
Involuntary Drug Rehab
There are times when going to therapy for drug addiction is not a voluntary action. Many that enroll must do so to satisfy the court order attached to the program. Generally, involuntary drug rehab is an order given by the judge in a case where the defendant lost his or her case and received a criminal conviction. The court-ordered drug rehabilitation program is a consequence of the penalties for the conviction. Additionally, there are severe penalties involved if the person violates the court-ordered rehab program. It could even lead to incarceration and fines.
Alternative Sentencing
When a person commits a crime, there are several possible outcomes such as a conviction, a program, restitution, and counseling. For some, a drug rehabilitation program is an alternative sentence when convicted of certain crimes. When sentenced to this rather than jail or prison, it is because the involved judge believes that it is better to keep the person away from prison or jail and serve a long-term rehabilitation instead of the standard incarceration period. If the convicted individual is a first-time offender, a peaceful and non-violent convict or someone with a minor conviction, it is possible to receive this sentence.
Adult Drug Courts
The design in helping criminal offenders that have relapses, addictions or substance abuse problems exist in the adult drug courts. It is through a court-ordered treatment through monitoring, supervising and providing incentives that support and rehabilitation can occur. This type of court order is usually only available if the person is a non-violent criminal, a first-offender or has a problem related to drugs or alcohol and did not commit a major offense. This type of penalty rather than jail or prison usually has a direct connection to the possession or distribution of drugs. A lawyer can also suggest this sentencing rather than incarceration.
Violating the Court Order
The person will have a sentence of drug rehabilitation or other rehab programs through a court order with the judge. Violations of the treatment program can occur at different stages and during various times of the program. It is possible to violate the order through nonattendance, skipping some portion of the treatment such as group counseling and lacking involvement in trying to get better. The rehab facility is a safe place to get sober and remain that way. However, when violating the court order, this also removes the sanctuary option for the person. Violations can lead to serious consequences.
Penalties for Violations of the Court Order
One consequence of violating the court order is the lack of peer support, relapse prevention and behavioral therapy if the person loses the rehab program because of his or her actions. The very act of nonattendance with the rehabilitation program treatment is a violation of the court order. This leads to penalties that depend on different factors to include the type of violation incurred, the total frequency if more than one, the criminal history of the convict, time in treatment and what behavior he or she exhibits when in the treatment program. The more violations that occur, the greater the penalties.
When a person commits multiple violations, he or she will suffer greater consequences. However, these penalties are the sole decision of the judge. Some punishments are direct and extensive fines for the offense. Others are immediate incarceration in a local jail or state prison. Some judges will impose an increased sentencing time for the program as well as other action against the person. If the violation is an accident or a conflict with schedules, the convicted person will need to explain this to the judge and seek a remedy to the situation. The judge may understand the matter and help to find a way around the problems that the individual encounters.
Legal Support for Court-Ordered Violations for Rehab
When incurring violations for court-ordered rehabilitation programs, the individual will need legal support. The lawyer can present the issue to the judge and seek a resolution to the problem and attempt to seek the least possible damage to penalties. Depending on the situation, the lawyer can argue the case based on various conflicts that arise leading to the violations.
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This Article challenges the universalist theory of international law upon which federal incorporation of CIL and international human rights litigation rely. It unpacks the international relations (IR) theory paradigms that support the universalist theory, and discusses a competing theory that views state compliance with international law as a function of national self-interest. Working from this perspective, it proposes a framework to evaluate the wisdom of federal incorporation of CIL and the wisdom of international human rights litigation. The framework suggests that federal incorporation of CIL generates sovereignty costs for the United States, and that international human rights litigation complicates the achievement of the United States' normative and strategic foreign policy interests. The Article also shows that the universalist theory of international law is often in tension with actual state behavior in international politics.
Not Just Doctrine: The True Motivation for Federal Incorporation and International Human Rights Litigation,
Mich. J. Int'l L.
Available at: _URL_


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Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium and Platinum Amido and Carbene Complexes: Application Toward Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Forming Reactions
Ru carbene complexes have been investigated for potential application toward carbon-nitrogen bond forming and breaking reactions. The reactivity of Grubbs-type olefin metathesis catalysts (Cl)2(L)(L')Ru=CHPh (L = L' = PCy3 or PPh3; L = PCy3 and L' = H2MesNHC) has been studied with cyclic and acyclic imines. The Ru benzylidene complex (Cl)2(PCy3)2Ru=CHPh undergoes a ligand exchange reaction with 1-pyrroline at room temperature, and oligomerizes 1-pyrroline at 90 oC. The low molecular weight poly(1-pyrroline) has been isolated and characterized. The Ru benzylidene complex has no reactivity toward acyclic imine C=N bonds, but reacts with enamine C=C bonds that form through tautomerization of imines.
The Ru amido complexes, (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHPh) and (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHPh)(PMe3) (PCP = 2,6-(CH2P-t-Bu2)C6H3), have been synthesized and characterized. Reaction of (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHPh)(PMe3) with acetonitrile produces the amidinate complex (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHC(Me)NPh). Kinetic studies have demonstrated the formation of the amidinate complex occurs through dissociation of the PMe3 ligand, coordination of MeCN, and intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the amido ligand toward MeCN. The intramolecular nucleophilic attack reaction has been extensively studied with aromatic nitriles, carbodiimides, isocyanates, carboxamides and aldehydes. Reaction of (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHC(Me)NPh) with pentafluorobenzonitrile results in formation of a new amidinate complex (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHC(C6F5)NPh). The complex (PCP)Ru(CO)(NHC(C6F5)NPh) can initiate a C-F bond cleavage reaction of C6F5CN with ortho regioselectivity in the presence of ROH (R = H or Me).
Reaction of five-coordinate complex (PCP)Ru(CO)(OTf) (OTf = OSO2CF3) with NaBAr'4 (Ar' = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) under different conditions results in formation of [(PCP)Ru(CO)(ClCH2Cl)][BAr'4], [(PCP)Ru(CO)(N2)][BAr'4] or [(PCP)Ru(CO)(FC6H5)][BAr'4]. Calculations have confirmed that the possible four-coordinate Ru complex with double agostic interactions has a higher ground state energy than these five-coordinate complexes with labile ligands. The coupling reaction of the carbene or vinylidene ligand with the aryl ipso carbon of the PCP ligand has been observed upon reaction of [(PCP)Ru(CO)(ClCH2Cl)][BAr'4] with PhCHN2 or PhCCH. Calculations have supported that the Ru carbene or vinylidene intermediate is formed, and that the coupling reaction is thermodynamically favored.
The Pt(IV) amido systems are studied with potential application toward C-H activation and polymerization sequences. Preliminary studies include isolation of a Pt(IV) amido complex (NCN)Pt(Me)2(NHPh) (NCN = 2,6-(pyrazol-1-yl-CH2)C6H3).
Advisor:Martin, James D.; Bowden, Edmond F.; Melander, Christian; Gunnoe, T. Brent
School:North Carolina State University
School Location:USA - North Carolina
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:08/02/2005


Experienced. Resourceful. Effective.
When should I consider getting a financial power of attorney?
Some aspects of your life seem so simple and routine that you cannot imagine the inability to do them. Tasks such as paying your bills and managing your mail are typically not things you worry about delegating.
Life is unpredictable, and its unpredictability can leave you feeling powerless when it comes to performing everyday tasks. A financial power of attorney can ensure that certain tasks are completed when you cannot accomplish them yourself.
Here are some of the ways a financial power of attorney may be able to help you.
Quarantine is covered
Isolation and unanticipated quarantine can present many challenges as we have recently learned. Whether you are in the hospital battling an unexpected illness or avoiding those who could make you sick, self-quarantine and isolation can make performing your regular financial tasks much more difficult.
When you grant someone the financial power of attorney, you give them the ability to manage your financial affairs on your behalf. The person with the financial power of attorney can help you pay bills, move assets, and take care of routine financial tasks.
Choose someone you trust
Appointing a financial power of attorney can be beneficial, but there is also a significant amount of responsibility that comes with that responsibility. If you choose the wrong person to manage your finances, you could find yourself with more serious problems than those you were trying to resolve or avoid.
Before you decide on a specific person as your power of attorney for financial matters, talk to them about the responsibilities they would be expected to assume, and the conditions under which they would have financial authority. The person you choose should be prepared to follow your directions and understand your financial intentions, and to act on your behalf as you would in the same circumstance.
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I am traversing a spreadsheet which contains a column of prices, in the form of double types. I am trying to locate a missing value which is shown on the spreadsheet as "n/a", but it is not letting me interpret this as a string type.
The cell containing "n/a" seems to be an integer type; how can I read this?
share|improve this question
When you hit upon a call with "n/a" what exactly do you want to do? Not sure I understand what you mean by 'how can I read this'? Or are you simply trying to check if the cell contains a missing value or not? – Alex P Jan 7 '11 at 15:03
3 Answers 3
up vote 6 down vote accepted
A cell containing _TAG_/A is retrieved by VBA as a variant containing an error code
In general its usually best to assign Excel cells to Variants because a cell can contain a number(double), logical, string or error and you cannot tell in advance what the cell wil contain.
share|improve this answer
If all you want to do is to check for the error value then:
where rngToCheck is the cell which you want to check for the _TAG_/A error value
(There's a list of the worksheet functions which can be called from Excel VBA here)
You could also examine rngToCheck.Text as this will contain the string "_TAG_/A"
If instead, you want to read the formula in the cell which generated the _TAG_/A then rngToCheck.Formula would do that
share|improve this answer
You can prepare the spreadsheet you like to check as described below and evaluate the special cells containing the IS Functions, it is easy to check them for True or False in VBA. Alternatively, you can write your own VBA function as shown below.
There are Excel functions which check cells for special values, for example:
(assumed that C1 is the cell to check). This will return True if the cell is _TAG_/A, otherwise False.
If you want to show whether a range of cells (say "C1:C17") has any cell containing _TAG_/A or not, it might look sensible to use:
=if(ISNA(C1:C17); "There are _TAG_/A's in one of the cells"; "")
Sadly, this is not the case, it will not work as expected. You can only evaluate a single cell.
However, you can do it indirectly using:
=if(COUNTIF(E1:E17;TRUE)>0; "There are _TAG_/A's in one of the cells"; "")
assuming that each of the cells E1 through E17 contains the ISNA formulas for each cell to check:
You can hide column E by right-clicking on the column and selecting Hide in Excel's context menu so the user of your spreadsheet cannot see this column. They can still be accessed and evaluated, even if they are hidden.
In VBA you can pass a range object as RANGE parameter and evaluate the values individually by using a FOR loop:
Public Function checkCells(Rg As Range) As Boolean
 Dim result As Boolean
 result = False
 For Each r In Rg
 If Application.WorksheetFunction.IsNA(r) Then
 result = True
 Exit For
 End If
 checkCells = result
End Function
This function uses the IsNA() function internally. It must be placed inside a module, and can then be used inside a spreadsheet like:
It returns True, if any cell is _TAG_/A, otherwise False. You must save the workbook as macro-enabled workbook (extension XLSM), and ensure that macros are not disabled.
Excel provides more functions like the above:
For example, ISERR() checks for all cell errors except _TAG_/A and is useful to detect calculation errors.
All of these functions are described in the built in help of Excel (press F1 and then enter "IS Functions" as search text for an explanation). Some of them can be used inside VBA, some can only be used as a cell macro function.
share|improve this answer
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Electronic System-Level (ESL) Design
Keysight provides the most accurate communications system design tools which accelerate PHY development and verification time by reducing cross domain iterations. With Keysight, you'll be able bring real-world effects higher in the design validation process.
ESL Design Challenges
- Analog/RF and baseband/DSP/embedded teams often work in relative isolation in the design or HW validation phases, increasing the risk of time consuming and expensive iterations.
- Traditional single domain "point tools" have poor to no interaction with the real world and rely on mathematical models to capture real-world effects.
- Validating hardware after systems achieve hardware integration may mask critical design flaws and require complicated physical test benches for verification of final designs.


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All You Need to Know About Network Packet Brokers
by Profitap | May 15, 2018 | Network Security, Network Packet Brokers, Network Monitoring
The last decade experienced an overwhelming increase in network size, bandwidth, and traffic. IT companies were, therefore, forced to adapt by developing the next-generation of security and network monitoring tools. This new wave of tools exposed a greater need for advanced network visibility, one that traditional data center monitoring devices couldn't handle anymore.
And so, in 2012, Network Packet Brokers were developed. Known also as "data access switches", "tool aggregators", "monitoring switches" or "matrix switches", they are "devices that facilitate monitoring and security technologies to see the traffic which is required for those solutions to work more effectively", according to Gartner.
Network Packet Broker
NPBs are often required in more complex networks, with increasing speeds that need in-depth and improved network monitoring for a superior network security.
But what exactly is an NPB doing? This powerful device filters specific network traffic in order to optimize the security and traffic flow. More accurately, it receives the network traffic from multiple SPAN ports and/or network TAPs, then filters the data by interest and sends it to the related network analysis and security tools. Efficient and precise.
When do you need a Network Packet Broker?
Most of the time, network engineers complain that their in-line security tools don't receive all the required data, causing blind spots to appear in the network. This can finally lead to wasted resources, redundant costs and a higher possibility of being hacked.
These issues can be solved by using a NPB's capabilities of applying specific filters and rules before forwarding the traffic from network access tools to various network security, performance management, and other monitoring tools. Also, this device can aggregate traffic from multiple input ports to a single output port and vice-versa. See the illustration below to see how an advanced network visibility platform looks like.
Also, if you want to know more about the main differences between some of the most popular network monitoring tools out there, check this article.
 Network Packet Broker Illustration
A NPB helps you to optimize your network security, performance management, and other monitoring tools. That also means an increased network efficiency while decreasing your costs.
What should you expect from an NPB?
Intelligent Filtering
First and foremost, the NPB needs to have the ability to filter specific network traffic to specific monitoring tools, so that it can efficiently optimize traffic flow. This characteristic helps network engineers to filter on actionable data only, which allows the network tools to analyze much more efficiently.
Its filtering abilities can not only improve efficiency when it comes to traffic flow but can also help in speeding up incident analysis and in reducing response times. This is because it provide network engineers the flexibility to direct that traffic exactly how they need.
Load Balancing
The ability to take the incoming traffic and effectively distributing it to different multiple appliances is another feature that an advanced packet broker has to perform. This feature enhances network security, increases the productivity of your security and monitoring tools, and makes life much easier for network admins.
Intuitive and easy to use GUI
Your preferred NPB should include a configuration interface - graphical user interface (GUI) or command line interface (CLI) for real-time management, like adjustments of packet flow, port mapping and paths. If the NPB is not easy to configure, manage and use, you can't take advantage of its full capabilities.
Intelligent Packet Aggregation
By aggregating multiple packet streams into a large one, your device should create a single unified stream that can be routed to a monitoring tool. This increases your monitoring tools' efficiency.
Packet Broker Costs
One thing to keep in mind when on the market for this advanced monitoring device is the cost. Both long term and short term costs can change significantly, based on whether there are different port licenses available and if the Packet Broker accepts any SFP module or only proprietary SFP's.
To sum up, an efficient NPB should provide all these feature, as well as true link layer visibility and microburst buffering, all while maintaining high availability and resiliency.
In addition to the functionalities mentioned above, our X2-Series Network Packet Brokers also offer the following extensive set of features, such as such as packet slicing, GTP IP filtering, ERSPAN tunneling & de-tunneling, GTP correlation, packet deduplication and timestamping. It also includes X2-Manager - a web-based interface that allows users to configure and monitor the behavior of their device.
Interested to learn more about our X2-Series Network Packet Brokers? Click the button!
Discover our XX and X2-Series Network Packet Brokers


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initiated when anything threatens to disrupt normal operations or puts human lives at risk.
Governments at all levels as well as many businesses devise some sort of disaster plan in preparation to overcome a potential catastrophe and return to normal function as quickly as possible.
One of the essential elements of disaster management involves defining the types of catastrophes that could possibly disrupt the day to day operation of a city, town, business, or country. Identifying those potential disasters makes it possible to create contingency plans, assemble supplies, and outline procedures that can be initiated when and if a given disaster does come to pass.
A truly comprehensive disaster management plan will encompass a wide range of possibilities that can easily be adapted in the event one disaster sets off a chain reaction of other types of disasters in its wake.
Bernard Rowan is chair professor and coordinator of political science and international studies at Chicago State University, where he has taught for 18 years. A former fellow of the Korea Foundation, Rowan is an advisor to the Korea Institute of Public Administration and a former visiting professor of the Graduate School of Local Autonomy, Hanyang University.

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Hint: Slash and burn agriculture is also referred to as fire-fallow cultivation, a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland. This leads to the creation of a field called swidden.
Agriculture is the backbone of India. India ranks first with the highest net cropped area in the world followed by the US and China. Worth of $38 billion agricultural products were exported by India in 2013, making it the sixth-largest net exporter and the seventh-largest agricultural exporter worldwide. These agricultural products are exported to more than 120 countries. Out of 160 million hectares of cultivated land in India, about 39 million hectares could be irrigated using groundwater wells and an additional 22 million hectares by using irrigation canals. There are different types of agriculture like shifting cultivation (which is the rotation of crops), Intensive Pastoral Farming (which is focused on grazing of animals), mixed agriculture, subsistence agriculture, plantation agriculture, terrace farming, etc. The method of slash and burn agriculture begins by cutting down the trees and woody plants in an area. The slash is left to get dried, usually before the rainiest part of the year. A nutrient-rich layer of ash is formed after burning the biomass, which makes the soil fertile. The temporary elimination of weed and pest species also helps in making the soil fertile.
Thus, option (C) is correct.
Note: This method is not suitable for large human populations. Inga alley cropping and slash – and – char are other types of methods that are used as alternatives that cause less environmental degradation than slash and burn agriculture.


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Manual Failover
Manual failover disconnects the clients from the database and reverses the roles of the partners. Only high-safety mode supports manual failover.
This topic assumes that you are familiar with high-safety mode. For more information, see Synchronous Database Mirroring (High-Safety Mode).
The database administrator can use manual failover for upgrading hardware or software without sacrificing availability. To use database mirroring for software upgrades, the mirror server and/or system must have already received the upgrades.
Database mirroring should be able to do a rolling upgrade, but this is not guaranteed, because future changes are unknown. For more information, see How to: Minimize Downtime for Mirrored Databases When Upgrading Server Instances.
The following figure illustrates an instance of using manual failover to maintain database availability while you upgrade a database server instance. When the upgrade is completed, an administrator may optionally fail over back to the original server instance. This is useful when the administrator wants to stop the mirroring session and use the mirror server elsewhere. In this way, a single server instance can be used repeatedly when updating a series of database server instances.
Planned manual failover
Manual failover requires transaction safety to be set to FULL (that is, high-safety mode). When the partners are connected and the database is already synchronized, manual failover is supported.
Manual failover initiates the following sequence of actions:
 1. The principal server disconnects clients from the principal database, sends the tail of the log to the mirror server, and, in preparation for switching to the mirror role, sets the mirroring state to SYNCHRONIZING.
 2. The mirror server records the log sequence number (LSN) of the last log record received from the principal as the failover LSN.
 To view this LSN, select the mirroring_failover_lsn column from sys.database_mirroring (Transact-SQL).
 3. If any log is waiting in the redo queue, the mirror server finishes rolling forward the mirror database. The amount of time required depends on the speed of the system, the recent workload, and the amount of log in the redo queue. For a synchronous operating mode, the failover time can be regulated by limiting the size of the redo queue. However, this can cause the principal server to slow down to allow the mirror server to keep up.
 To learn the current size of the redo queue, use the Redo Queue performance counter in the database mirroring performance object (for more information, see Monitoring Database Mirroring).
 4. The mirror server becomes the new principal server, and the former principal server becomes the new mirror server.
 5. The new principal server rolls back any uncommitted transactions and brings its copy of the database online as the principal database.
 6. The former principal takes on the mirror role, and the former principal database becomes the mirror database. The new mirror server quickly resynchronizes the new mirror database with the new principal database.
After failover, clients must reconnect to the current principal database. For more information, see Connecting Clients to a Database Mirroring Session (SQL Server).
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Diffgeom β
Injectivity radius
This article defines a scalar function on a manifold, viz a function from the manifold to real numbers. The scalar function may be intrinsic or defined in terms of some other structure/functionsTemplate:Radius notion
The term injectivity radius is also used for injectivity radius of a manifold which is the infimum over the manifold of the injectivity radii at all points
The injectivity radius is a scalar function on a Riemannian manifold M is defined as follows: the injectivity radius at x \in M is the supremum of all values r such that the exponential map from the unit ball B_r(x) in T_xM, to the manifold M, is injective.
The fact that the injectivity radius at each point is strictly positive is one of the starting points of Riemannian geometry.


text:
First name origin & meaning:
First name variations: Karney
Last name origins & meanings:
- Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Catharnaigh
'descendant of Catharnach', a byname meaning 'warlike'.
- Irish: reduced form of McCarney.
- Irish: variant of
- Irish: Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó
Cearnaigh 'descendant of Cearnach'. Compare Kearney.
Comments for Carney


text:
Masaaki Tanaka, Akira Ishii, Emi Yamano, Hiroki Ogikubo, Masatsugu Okazaki, Kazuro Kamimura, Yasuharu Konishi, Shigeru Emoto, Yasuyoshi Watanabe
Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(12): CR706-711
Available online: 2012-12-01
Background: A depressive state is a common symptom in the elderly and often accompanies cognitive impairment. The coexistence of depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment is a serious problem, as it increases adverse outcomes for health, functional status, and mortality. It would thus be of great value to clarify the cognitive dysfunction associated with depressive symptoms. We aimed to identify the cognitive dysfunction, in particular, impairment of the response inhibition component of executive function, associated with depressive symptoms in elderly females using the Simple Color Reaction Test and Modified Stroop Color-Word Test.
Material/Methods: The study group consisted of 35 elderly women. They performed cognitive function task trials for 9 min. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of the depressive state.
Results: Longer reaction time and lower correction rate of response inhibition trials were related to the prevalence of the depressive symptoms.
Conclusions: Impaired function of response inhibition may be a specific feature of the depressive state. Our findings may help clarify the neural mechanisms underlying the depressive state of elderly females.
Keywords: Japan - epidemiology, Depression - physiopathology, Cognition Disorders - physiopathology, Logistic Models, Prevalence


text:
Ernest Courant served as Adjunct Professor at Stony Brook from
1966 until 1986.
Also known as alternating gradient focusing, this principle
was a breakthrough in accelerator design. At Brookhaven it resulted in
the construction of the successful Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS),
which achieved its design energy on 29 July 1960.
"If you can't do two things together, you just do
one after the other - that's all there is to it!" Ernest Courant,
Brookhaven distinguished scientist emeritus, was describing how he came
to think of the strong-focusing principle that he, together with M Stanley
Livingston and Hartland Snyder, co-discovered in 1952.
This article originally appeared in the 4 August 2001
issue of the Brookhaven Bulletin.
Maurice Goldhaber and Ernest Courant
In previous circular accelerators, such as Brookhaven's
Cosmotron, particles had been guided round the ring by a magnetic field
made by outward-facing magnets. The magnets bent the particles' trajectories
and at the same time weakly focused them both horizontally and vertically.
The particles' energy could only be increased by enlarging the ring with
wider magnets, requiring far more steel - at great cost - to make the larger
number of magnets.
However, Courant and his colleagues calculated that
energy could be increased dramatically with much smaller magnets if the
particles were strongly focused first vertically then horizontally.
The particles' energy could only be increased by enlarging the ring. (It
turned out that this idea had been proposed earlier by Nick Christofilos
in Greece, but his innovation had gone unrecognized and was then forgotten.
Later he was invited to Brookhaven.)
The practicality of the principle was demonstrated
in 1954 by Cornell University's 1.3 GeV electron accelerator, and in 1959,
well before the AGS was finished, by CERN's 24 GeV Proton Synchrotron.
On 17 May 1960 a 50 MeV beam completed one turn round the AGS ring. In
July that year the 30 GeV design energy was reached and even surpassed.
"But," Courant recalled, "although we were all very excited by how quickly
things were going, we were a little disappointed that we'd been scooped
One reason why Brookhaven had fallen behind was
because it had built an electron analogue before starting construction
of the AGS, Courant says. The analogue was designed to explore what is
called the "transition energy" - a potentially serious problem with the
synchronization behaviour. The analogue could also give information on
nonlinear resonances that might affect the orbit stability of the particles
as they circled the AGS ring. "These resonances were not a big problem,
but it was good to know what was happening," said Courant. "Using the
analogue, we found that the transition problem could be overcome. We also
found out a lot about higher-order resonances that we hadn't expected,
and we confirmed that we could go forward with the design as planned. So
the delay was worth it."
You can send your suggestions to:
Former Faculty Homepage
Last Updated: January 22, 2001


part in any investigation or consideration of the subject matter of the hearing beforehand (unless it was at a previous hearing of the committee).21 If the term of office of a panel member ceases after evidence has been heard and before the matter is disposed of, the person remains a member of the panel until the final disposition of the matter.22 If a panel member becomes unable to continue to act, the remaining members may continue the hearing and render a decision despite the lack of a quorum.23
(4) Appearance of Bias
Panel members, as decision-makers, must remain disinterested and unbiased. Even an appearance of bias could be sufficient to nullify a hearing. An appearance of bias can occur through pre-judgement by the committee,24 the conduct of the committee during the hearing,25 the relationship of a panel member to a participant in the hearing,26 or a monetary or other interest in the outcome of the hearing.27 A practitioner may be able to waive an apprehension of bias, but must be aware of its existence and expressly or by conduct waive the concern.28
(5) Parties to the Hearing
The Association is the prosecutor, and the member is the defendant to a hearing. However, the Discipline Committee has the discretion as to whether and to what extent other persons should be able to participate.29 Examples of who else might be added include a person whose conduct or competence is in question at the hearing, and a public interest group in a case that raises broad issues of general interest. The degree of participation could range from receiving written submissions to full participation in the entire hearing. Participants are subject to the disclosure and other procedural requirements of the Act, and have the right to be represented by a lawyer or agent at their own expense.30
(6) Scheduling and Adjourning the Hearing
There are no requirements set out in the Act regarding how the hearing should be scheduled. A staff member should be appointed to manage the logistics of communicating with the parties, panel members, lawyers, witnesses, court reporter and other staff. A date could be set unilaterally, or attempts made to reach agreement before sending out the notice of hearing. Alternatively, the parties and others could meet to agree on a date and other procedural matters. The Committee can determine the location of the hearing.31
Adjournments should normally be granted for matters such as providing the member with the opportunity to obtain legal counsel or prepare for some of the allegations or evidence, or where the member cannot be present for a reason such as illness. If it is not clear whether the request is legitimate, the committee must balance the right of the parties to a fair hearing and the need for an expeditious hearing. If the panel grants the adjournment, it has the authority to request a party to agree to reasonable conditions. For example, in a serious case, it may be reasonable to impose the condition that the member cease practice pending the hearing.32
6. Hearing Procedures
(1) Order of Proceedings
A discipline hearing is similar to a court proceeding. It is adversarial in nature with two competing parties, the association and the member, presenting their cases to the Discipline Committee. The Committee ensures that both sides present their cases fairly, listens impartially to the evidence and arguments, and decides the issues after the parties have completed their presentation. The initiating party, normally the prosecutor, leads evidence first and is then followed by the member who leads his or her evidence. The prosecutor may then call reply witnesses. In calling witnesses, the party calling the witness leads that witness's evidence, the other party cross examines, and the party calling the witness re-examines. In closing argument, the prosecutor goes first, the member second, and the prosecutor may reply. In re-examination or reply, the party should confine himself or herself to points raised by the other party and not repeat points he or she has already covered. If the panel intervenes at any point by, for example, asking questions of a witness or a party, each party is allowed to respond once and the party whose stage of proceeding is interrupted responds last. Panels have the flexibility to vary these guidelines where appropriate. A finding of misconduct or unskilled practice of forestry should be made before evidence or submissions are heard regarding an appropriate penalty or order. If the panel wishes to impose a greater penalty than that asked for, it must tell the parties what it is considering and hear further submissions on the matter. The parties should not be permitted to leave the hearing until the panel knows it no longer needs to speak to them.33
(2) Public Hearings
Discipline hearings are open to the public unless the Discipline Committee makes an order that the public be excluded from all or part of a hearing if it is satisfied that (a) matters of public security may be disclosed, (b) avoiding disclosure of personal or financial information outweighs the desirability of a public hearing or, (c) the safety of a person may be jeopardized.34 The request to exclude the public is made by motion and can be made at any time, by any party or person, or by the Committee. The Committee may order the public to be excluded while it receives evidence or submissions on the motion or while it deliberates on the matter.35 If the circumstances apply, the Committee still must balance whether the competing interest outweighs the public interest in an open hearing. In some cases concerns can be alleviated by, for example, using code names instead of client names. A member's embarrassment is not normally sufficient reason to close a hearing to the public.36
In addition to or instead of excluding the public from all or part of a hearing, the Committee may make orders preventing the public disclosure of information disclosed at the hearing, and banning the publication or broadcasting of that information.37
(3) Multiple Allegations
Multiple allegations are generally heard together unless doing so would cause manifest prejudice or injustice to the member. Obviously, a single hearing is more efficient. However, severing the allegations may make sense in some cases where, for example, the allegations are very different in nature and it would be inconvenient to intermix the evidence on them. Even then, separate hearings may not be necessary if the evidence can be managed in a way that does not seriously prejudice the member. In deciding whether to sever the allegations, the Committee can consider the interests of the public, the Association, the witnesses and the parties. If different allegations based on different facts are heard together, the Committee must be careful to consider the evidence of each allegation separately, and its reasons should reflect this. The allegations could also be heard sequentially, although deliberation on all of them could take place at one time.38
(4) Objections and Motions
Objections and motions commonly occur in hearings, including motions for disclosure or adjournment, and objections to questions asked by parties. A motion is a request for the Committee to make a certain order. An objection is a request for the Committee to prevent a party or the Committee from doing something. The moving or objecting party, having the onus of persuasion, goes first, the other party responds, and the moving or objecting party replies. Other procedural matters, such as whether motions need be in writing, are at the discretion of the Committee. Evidence, if needed, can be in the form of affidavit evidence or hearing witnesses on the motion. If the facts are not disputed, the Committee can rely on the statements of counsel. Evidence used on the motion should not be used in deciding the matters in issue at the hearing, unless the parties agree. The Committee is entitled receive legal advice on the motion if needed. The Committee can decide the motion right away or reserve its decision until later. Normally, the hearing can proceed in the meantime. The Committee is entitled to make a ruling on a constitutional challenge if a ruling is necessary to allow the hearing to proceed.39
(5) Independent Legal Advice
On issues of law, procedure and evidence, it is normal for the Committee to obtain independent legal advice. Any legal advice received, even if in private, must be made known to the parties, and the parties are entitled to make submissions before the Committee makes a decision on the advice. Independent counsel normally sits apart from the Committee, and gives advice only when requested by the chair. He or she does not act as the chair of the hearing, does not interfere with the examination of witnesses, addresses advice only to the Committee, and must not appear to make rulings. The Committee can make exceptions to these guidelines in appropriate circumstances. Independent counsel must be impartial and should not have any connections with the parties or have acted in any other proceedings against one of the parties. Although the Committee can obtain assistance in writing its reasons, the reasons must be those of the Committee and the Committee is responsible for them. Any assistance given should not pressure the Committee to change its decision on the facts but should relate to policy issues and prior decisions. Any changes should be written by the Committee.40
(6) Questioning Witnesses
The Discipline Committee can question any witness who testifies but must take care not to display any hostility or lack of impartiality, and must ensure that it does not appear to advocate a position. Questions should be limited to those intended to clarify an area of evidence, and should not be directed to new areas not covered by either party. The chair should intervene if a panel member asks an improper question or asks too many questions. The chair should ask questions last, and as the impartial moderator, should ask the least number of questions. After the Committee has asked all its questions, the chair should invite the parties to re-examine the witness on evidence elicited by the questions.41
(7) Hearing Transcripts
The hearing must be recorded, either electronically or through a court reporter. Transcripts must be available at the request of parties


text:
Egypt's Sphinx, Pyramids threatened by groundwater, hydrologists warn
New water pumping system at Giza Plateau has ecologists worried about possible damage to Egypt's best-known historical monuments
Nevine El-Aref, Thursday 5 Jul 2012
One month ago, Giza's antiquities inspectorate installed a new system to pump subterranean water out from under Egypt's historical Sphinx monument and the underlying bedrock.
Subterranean water levels at the Giza Plateau, especially the area under the valley temples and Sphinx, have recently increased due to a new drainage system installed in the neighbouring village of Nazlet Al-Seman and the irrigation techniques used to cultivate the nearby residential area of Hadaeq Al-Ahram.
The system involves 18 state-of-the-art water pumps capable of pumping 26,000 cubic metres of water daily.
The project, which cost some LE22 million and is financed by USAID, has raised fears among some hydrologists and ecologists that it could erode the bedrock under the Sphinx and lead to the historic monument's collapse.
Kamal Oda, professor of hydrology at Suez Canal University, told Ahram Online that, according to a report by Egypt's Ministry of State for Antiquities, the machines will pump some 9.6 million cubic metres a year of water at a depth of 100 metres beneath the Sphinx. This, he warned, could cause a drop in the ground level and increase the risk of erosion and collapse of both the Sphinx and the nearby great Pyramids of Giza.
Ali El-Asfar, director of Giza Plateau antiquities, for his part, challenged Oda's assertion. He said that the pumping machines would stop automatically when subterranean water levels reached 15.5 metres above sea level.
El-Asfar told Ahram Online that the Sphinx, the Great Pyramids and the plateau's valley temples were "completely safe," since water levels underneath them had reached 4.6 metres below ground level – the same levels seen in ancient times.
"Such levels are natural," said Minister of State for Antiquities Mohamed Ibrahim. He went on to point out that the Nile River had once reached the plateau, where a harbour had been dug for the boats transporting stone blocks for the as-yet-unbuilt pyramids from faraway quarries in Aswan and Tora.


text:
AutoPilot Modules provide a further streamlined option for automating common laboratory tasks. With minimum user input, or direct integration with your LIMS, AutoPilot will autonomously direct the automation of these complex procedures.
Serial Dilution: Performing serial dilutions is a common and necessary procedure for a wide variety of scientific laboratory tasks, from carrying out complex Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic analyses to simple titrations of phage or buffers. Performing serial dilutions manually is a repetitive and often time consuming task.
The vast number of variables and permutations require that automated system be reprogrammed and optimized for each serial dilution routine. The Serial Dilution module solves this problem as it provides a quick and easy way to direct the automation of any serial dilution paradigm. The serial dilution module provides for current dilution schemes to be easily modified with subtle adjustments or completely revamped with quick changes to labware types, source and destination locales and altered dilution schemes all within a single AutoPilot protocol step.
Critically, AutoPilot autonomously implements optimal mixing parameter for each serial dilution routine ensuring accurate results.
PK: Preparation of biological samples for PK/PD analyses presents both technical and logistic challenges. Previous efforts to automate this science have focused on worklist driven pipetting schemes shifting the scientist's time requirements from the bench to the production of run specific worklists and programs required for these involved liquid handling routines. To circumvent this, the PK module was developed utilizing AutoPilot's AI to directly interpret LIMS/LIS (e.g. Watson, Gyros) provided specifications easily browsed to with the PK module to dynamically direct all downstream liquid handling.
The PK module independently determines optimal dilution schemes, mixing dynamics, tip usage and final plate aliquoting. This module, taking simple input from the end user scientist, automatically drives liquid handling to perform any or all of 4 processes typically required for PK/PD assays. These include an assay MRD (minimum required dilution), sample dilutions, pre-assay plate formatting and a time=0 stamp onto a final assay plate, all using the laboratories liquid handler. The use of AI eliminates the need for user defined worklists, minimizes human error, and shifts the operator's time to higher order scientific analyses providing increased value and efficiency. Secure reports are available to capture operational and sample tracking data.
Cherry Picking: The Cherry Picking module is especially useful in high throughput screening laboratories where screening of large libraries result in hits that need to be extracted for further characterization. When scientists are required to manually pick large numbers of hits repetitive stresses, eye fatigue, and simple human error are significant concerns.
The Cherry Picking module interfaces with LIMS/LIS or user defined worklist to identify the location of hits to be picked, the volume of each hit to transfer, and their final destination. AutoPilot then drives all necessary pipetting based on fluid and labware types without any user programming. The Cherry Picking module also permits the mixing of fluids at both the source and destination wells and/or tubes. Secure reports are available to capture operational and sample tracking data.
Genomic DNA Normalization and Aliquoting (gDN/A): The gDN/A module provides a convenient way to automate the normalization of genomic DNA samples with a wide range of starting concentrations. All programming considerations, including variable sample viscosities, are managed autonomously by AutoPilot. This module also allows one to receive samples from a large variety of labware types and transfer them into a standardized labware type(s). The gDN/A module can integrate directly to a LIMS/LIS or accept a user defined file structure to obtain necessary sample data for normalization and or aliquoting. Integration with a wide range of plate readers can provide for a fully automated process including Primary Sample Quantification, Normalization, and Sample QC. All runs produce secure reports including all operational and sample tracking data. The gDN/A module is routinely customized specifically to the end user specifications.


Should I Add My Daughter to My Bank Accounts? No.
Should I Add My Daughter to My Bank Accounts? No.Adding adult children, relatives, or friends as joint owners on bank accounts is a popular practice among the elderly. What they may not realize is that this opens themselves up to unintended consequences and risks that we cannot legally or easily fix. (The following does not pertain to joint ownership of accounts with a spouse.)
Why Add a Joint Owner?
Why is it a common practice to add adult children as joint owners on bank accounts?
 - Bill Pay: Most often their goal is to make it convenient for their children to help them pay their bills. By being a joint owner, the child can write checks or send payment from their parents' accounts.
 - Estate Planning: They may wish to leave an inheritance to that child. On the death of one joint owner, the surviving owner becomes the sole owner of the bank account.
 - Medicaid Asset Protection: Many people mistakenly believe that if they add a joint owner to an account, the "State" (i.e., Medicaid/ALTCS) won't count the funds against their eligibility. This is false—Medicaid assumes a jointly held asset is 100% property of the Medicaid recipient unless he/she can prove the other owner contributed all or a portion of the funds.
Should I Add My Daughter to My Bank Accounts? No.Typically, the elderly customer relies on the advice of their bank officer to meet those goals. Adding joint owners is tempting because of its convenience and simplicity—the bank officer can easily update the account ownership. However, the decision deserves consideration of a much broader perspective.
Why Not Add a Joint Owner?
What consequences of the elderly adding their adult children as joint owners of their bank accounts?
 - Creditors: If two people own the same account, they own the same account, for better or worse. The funds in jointly-held accounts are subject to collection by creditors of either owner, such as:
 - High medical bills due to a catastrophic illness,
 - Liability for rear-ending another vehicle,
 - Bankruptcy,
 - Divorce, and
 - Debt-collection.
 - Estate planning: Maybe the elderly person added a joint owner for convenience, but did not understand the impact joint-ownership has on their estate planning. They may have more than one intended beneficiary. However, the surviving owner becomes the sole owner, despite the terms of the deceased owner's will or trust. And, what if the adult child should predecease the elderly parent? With no back up plan in place, the accounts may wind up in probate with unintended beneficiaries.
 - Theft: This risk is more obvious. Unfortunately, it happens too often, usually by those closest to the elderly person. "Theft" is a strong word. However, if it is not for your direct benefit, what else do you call using your funds without your consent? Still, it is not theft if you make your child a joint owner—your money is their money. In your perspective, it may be just for convenience; in your joint owner's perspective, it may be an early inheritance. I have seen too many sad situations, where there is no recourse (police, courts, etc.) because the elderly person opened the door for their joint owner to legally do whatever they wanted with their funds without consulting them. It may be easy for the co-owner to commingle expenses, or worse, just take the money.
 - Not Easy to Undo: Once you add a joint owner to an account, you need their cooperation to remove them as joint owner, even if it was originally your account and your funds.
 - Long Term Care/Medicaid(ALTCS): Most people do not appreciate how expensive long term care is until actually faced with that situation. Even if the withdrawals by the joint owner are insignificant, they add up quickly and deplete your funds. Too often the child with the best intentions to take care of Dad the rest of his life eventually can't handle him alone. Dad may pay the price when he can't afford his care and is penalized when he applies for Medicaid (ALTCS) long term care assistance.
Better Alternatives to Joint Account Ownership?
Should I Add My Daughter to My Bank Accounts? No.There are solutions to help you meet your goals of bill-pay assistance, leaving an inheritance, or Medicaid planning, and avoid the pitfalls of adding your children or those close to you to your accounts.
 - Signing Authority: Maybe you name your child as just a signer on an account, not an owner. Then it is not his/her money and less at risk.
 - Power of Attorney: Better yet, use a Power of Attorney to give your child broader authority to not only help you pay bills, but solve problems, such as why you were over-charged for something, whether your health insurance covers a particular treatment, or help you take your required minimum distribution from your IRA before the end of the year. They can help you sell your property if you are downsizing or moving into a care facility. They can communicate with your doctors to help you understand their recommendations. The list of benefits of a Power of Attorney goes on and on. Your money is still your money—they are just your helper, and cannot legally take your money for their own benefit without your express permission.
 - Payable on Death Beneficiary: You can name a Payable on Death (POD) beneficiary on most accounts or assets if you are concerned about avoiding probate.
 - Will or Trust: Better than just one POD beneficiary to ensure you have a back up plan, use a will or trust instead. In fact, a living trust may be one of the most effective options for seamless, ongoing management of your assets on your behalf, in the event of your death or incapacity. It combines the benefits of all of the other alternatives named above (signor authority, death beneficiary designations, and Power of Attorney), during your life or death, in one document. And, banks are generally very receptive to trusts.
The bank officer is not a lawyer and is not always aware of the negative side effects of joint ownership. Please consult an attorney before you add your children, relatives, or friends as joint owners of your accounts, investments, or property.
This just highlights the importance of consulting elder law attorneys for even seemingly simple decisions, such as addition a joint owner on a bank account. Not sure if your "small question" is worth reviewing with an attorney? Just call us and we will give you an honest answer if we think we can help. The advice may be worth every penny to have peace of mind and avoid problems it may cause you and your loved ones.


text:
The Challenge Specific Agreement requires that each Solver certify that they fully own the rights to their submission and have the right to assign such ownership. Any intentionally false representation to this effect would be a material breach of the Challenge Specific Agreement and actionable by the Seeker.
Articles in this section
- What type of verification does InnoCentive do on the winning Solver?
- What if we need to ask the Solver clarification questions before making a decision on an award?
- What if we solve the problem after the Challenge is posted?
- Can we test a submision before we agree to pay the award?
- What if we terminate the agreement in the niddle of one of our postings, what happens with the Challenge and potential award?
- Can a Solver later use the information that we included in the Challenge posting?
- Why does your agreement have an audit provision?
- Why doesn't InnoCentive or the Solver warrant that the solution is patentable or novel?
- What if we see a submission or idea that did not win, but we already knew about it and later use use it? Could the Solver sue us?
- Who decides if a Solver's submission is a winner?


text:
Sometimes the toughest moments in our transformation journey is sharing our success stories with the world. This remains one of the most underrated aspect of impact/development work in Africa with little success stories shared and publicized succinctly and consistently. Why is it important to share our transformation stories?
- The power of one example to inspire change. Wangari Maathai inspired change through her simple example of advocating for Human rights through conserving the environment. We believe we have many impact creators/organizations doing similar work with passion and their story can inspire the next generation of leaders.
- Communicating the impact with your partners, shareholders, stakeholders and support community. Behind every impact story there's a support team. We believe in offering quality feedback so as to create opportunities for innovation and scaling-up.
- Enlist support for your project/cause. Our unique African culture and strong sense of community allows us to rally together during times of uncertainty and towards solving seemingly insurmountable challenges. By sharing your impact stories, with a clear call to action, you create an opportunity for like-minded supporters (individuals and organizations) of your project to join you in scaling impact.
- Influence policy innovation and decision making concerning the issue. By providing results-based approach to policy discussions on the issue, we increase the chances of influencing decision making and policy innovation. We believe African policy formulation and implementation can be improved when a results-based approach is instituted. We have to start by communicating what is working more clearly and consistently.


text:
This fourth module of the Spatial Regression Modeling workshop concerns Spatial Heterogeneity and Spatial Regression Diagnostics and Model Strategies.There are a number of readings that will help you prepare for and better understand this module and a lecture about the topic.
- Wheeler, D. and M. Tiefelsdorf. 2005. Multicollinearity and Correlation among Local Regression Coefficients in Geographically Weighted Regression. Journal of Geographical Systems 7: 161–187. [GWR has its critics]
- O'Loughlin, J., C. Flint, and L. Anselin. 1994. The Geography of the Nazi Vote: Context, Confession, and Class in the Reichstag Election of 1930. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84(3): 351–380. [Excellent example of regime analysis]
- Cahill, M. and G. Mulligan. 2007. Using Geographically Weighted Regression to Explore Local Crime Patterns. Social Science Computer Review 25(2): 174–193. [One of many empirical applications of GWR]
- Grose, D., C. Brunsdon, and R. Harris. No date. Introduction to Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and to Grid Enabled GWR. [How to for R]
- Harris, R., A. Singleton, D. Grose, C. Brunsdon, and P. Longley. 2010. Grid-enabling Geographically Weighted Regression: A Case Study of Participation in Higher Education in England. Transactions in GIS 14(1): 43–61. [GWR for particularly large data sets]
- Anselin, L. 2007. Discrete Spatial Heterogeneity, and Continuous Spatial Heterogeneity. In Spatial Regression Analysis in R: A workbook. Pp. 102–115 and 116–130
Spatial Heterogeneity and Spatial Regression Diagnostics and Model Strategies are two presentations from the Spatial Regression Modeling workshop. These presentations were given by Drs. Paul Voss and Katherine Curtis on June 23, 2011.
We have broken this lecture into three parts, which can be accessed by the page links below. Each lecture is presented through video recordings, audio recordings, lecture slides and notes on the lectures.


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Tyndall Air Force Base - The Department of Defense is funding a project to reduce energy use at bases that are temporarily set up overseas in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. Much of the research is being done right here in Bay County.
The Air Force Civil Engineer Center at Tyndall Air Force Base is the mastermind behind some of the most exciting new technology to make tents at these bases more energy efficient. The tents currently in use are very similar to something you might use to go camping. They have no insulation, in temperatures that can easily top 120 degrees.
Solar power generating shade flies, high efficiency AC units, and insulated liners are just some of the energy saving technologies being developed at the Air Force Research Lab. "The liner is allowing them to keep the tents much more comfortable," said Rodney Fisher. Technologies developed by the Air Force Civil Engineer Center over the past three years now have the power to make the tents at least 50% more energy efficient. "By insulating the tents and shading them, we can go from cooling one tent with an environmental control unit to cooling two tents with one," said Fisher.
Some flies and liners are already in use in the field, and getting rave reviews. "The troops love them. They were able to significantly reduce the number of environmental control units and heaters and actually keep the tents warm and comfortable during the winter," said Fisher. The tents currently set up at Tyndall will be shipped to Kuwait where their energy efficiency will be demonstrated in the field.
Less energy use also translates to lives saved because fuel convoys are so dangerous for our troops. "The studies indicate that we are losing a troop on the convoy due to an IED or attacks about one every 19 or 20 to 29 convoys, depending on the study, so there is a significant loss of life, it is one of the major causes of loss of life over the last 10 years," said Fisher. All the more reason to keep searching for ways to save energy.
Fisher says their ultimate goal is something they call "Net Zero," when the tents become completely self-sufficient. But he says these things take time, and that likely won't be in his lifetime.


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SOOS Natural reserve
The SOOS natural reserve with its peat bogs and moors is the home of a number of endangered species of plants and animals. The mud volcanoes (mofettas or fumaroles) and mineral springs and gases emergences are another point of interest. Get enchanted by the intact nature.
There is a 1200 metres long educational path leading through the SOOS reserve on wooden walkways. The walk will widen your knowledge of zoology, botany and geology.
What you will see in SOOS:
- Well-preserved peat bogs and their biotopes
- Gas emergences and hot mineral springs
- Mud volcanoes (mofettas or fumaroles)
- Rare plant species
- Endangered animal species
If you plan to take a trip to the SOOS reserve or the other places of interest of Western Bohemia you can take advantage of the services of the Bohemia Hotel: comfortable accommodation, excellent restaurant, wellness services, arrangement of a guide for your trips to the vicinity etc.
Tel.: (+420) 354 403 811
351 01 Frantičkovy Lázně


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Carnegie Library 1907 - 2007
In March 1905 Andrew Carnegie's secretary informed Chancellor James Roscoe Day that Mr. Carnegie was willing to donate $150,000 for the erection of a university library provided the University raised an equal sum as an endowment for up-keep of the library. The University raised the required endowment in little over a month with the largest share being contributed by John D. Archibold. On September 11,1907 the transfer of the Leopold von Ranke collection from the old library building marked the opening of the Carnegie Library which now had an endowment of $125,000. Dr. J. M. Reid, who had purchased the von Ranke collection, had bequeathed $100,000 to the University upon his death in 1896. This bequest was added to the $150,000 endowment given by Andrew Carnegie.
Newspaper Articles _PHONE_
- University Library: Andrew Carnegie Gave $150,000 for It [PDF] (Syracuse Herald)
- Carnegie Library Exceeds Expectations part 1 [PDF] (Syracuse Daily Orange)
- Carnegie Library Exceeds Expectations part 2 [PDF] (Syracuse Daily Orange)
- Books Moved to New Library [PDF] (Syracuse Daily Orange)
Timeline of the Syracuse University Carnegie Library
- Syracuse University Library acquires the Leopold von Ranke Collection.
- Rev. Dr. James D. Phelps secures a donation of $150,000 from Andrew Carnegie for a new university library and construction begins.
James Roscoe Day is Chancellor; 2500 students attend Syracuse University.
The Carnegie Library construction is completed. It had been scheduled to be completed in 1906, but due to other construction projects, was not completed until 1907.
The Leopold von Ranke collection moves to the Carnegie Library, marking the opening with a collection of over 71,000 volumes. Mary O'Brien Sibley is the University Librarian.
- The Statue of Diana the Huntress, created by Anna Hyatt Huntington, is donated to the University and placed in the vestibule of the Carnegie Library.
- The book racks and old lamps were removed from the tables in the Reading Room. New lamps were installed.
The Library book stacks become "open" to students and faculty. Previously they were "closed stacks" and library pages were used to retrieve books by request.
E.S. Bird Library opens in November 1972, consolidating branch libraries in the social sciences and art & humanities. Renovation begins on the Carnegie Library to house the Engineering & Life Sciences Library, Mathematics Library and Mathematics Department.
The Engineering and Life Sciences Library is established in the renovated Carnegie Library, housing engineering, health, nutrition and the life sciences.
The Mathematics Library moves into the Carnegie Library from Smith Hall as a separate branch library on the third floor.
The Chemistry Library moves into the Carnegie Library and the science library is renamed Science and Technology Library.
- 2007 - Carnegie Library Centennial
Carnegie Library to celebrate 100th birthday (Daily Orange)
Cake, math books make for a unique 100th birthday celebration (Daily Orange)
Carnegie Centennial Celebration Photo Album
- The Physics Library monographs move into the Science and Technology Library.
For More Information


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What happens when procurement rules are breached?
PQQ Process
Public sectors buyers in the UK must follow the EU rules for public procurement when issuing invitations to tender. The rules are designed to ensure equal treatment, transparency and proportionality; suppliers going into the process know how the tender is going to be structured, evaluated, and ultimately how it will be awarded.
When applied properly, these guiding principles safeguard the fairness of the whole exercise, opening up opportunities to SMEs and reducing barriers to participation.
But what can a bidder do when the authority doesn't abide by the rules?
More specifically, what remedies are available when the authority sets out the process for the tender, but then doesn't follow that process when awarding a contract?
Since 2007, the recourse available to contractors has been relatively well understood. During the standstill period, commonly referred to as the Alcatel period after a ground-breaking pair of court cases, tenderers can challenge a decision before a contract is formally awarded to a successful tenderer. But what about disputes beyond this point? Once the contract has been signed, it has been possible for an aggrieved contractor to issue proceedings, triggering an automatic suspension of a disputed procurement process. A contract can be set aside by court and declared ineffective and, understandably, complainants who find themselves out of pocket as a result of procurement rules being breached can seek damages.
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority 'not playing by the rules'
However, a recent high-profile case in the UK Supreme Court has cast increased doubt for contractors seeking damages due to rules breached in EU public procurement. The case, Nuclear Decommissioning Authority v EnergySolutions EU Limited (2017), arose when EnergySolutions missed out on a major nuclear decommissioning contract by a mere 1.06%. Most tenderers will have felt the sting of narrowly missing out on a contract, but in this case EnergySolutions, a consortium of US-based firms, was left feeling particularly sore having spent an estimated £10 million on preparing their tender. More to the point, it was suspected that the outcome was not only unfortunate but unfair. The consortium looked into the circumstances around the outcome, and ultimately uncovered a number of alleged issues:
 - The scoring mechanism was substantially changed late in the procurement process
 - Scores were altered during the evaluation period, but appropriate records of the reasons for these changes were not kept
 - Scores generally did not reflect the quality of the tenders submitted
 - Records of the evaluation process were kept to a minimum
 - The evaluation process was not consistent with the information presented to bidders, and was not applied consistently to all bidders
 - Clarification was not sought consistently for all bidders
 - Bidders who had failed a mandatory pass/fail question were not excluded from the process.
Health & Social Bid Management
Many of these reasons will not be unfamiliar to tenderers and can certainly be grounds for a challenge to a decision. Most striking in this case is how many issues were alleged for a single process. As a result of the discrepancies, EnergySolutions stood to lose not only the £10 million they spent on tendering, but the lost £100 million in fees from not being awarded the contract.
Ultimately, the UK Supreme Court found in favour of EnergySolutions, awarding damages to the amount of £110 million. At face value, the case sounds relatively simple: the evidence sounds clear-cut, and the claimant who lost out as a result of procurement rules not being followed was compensated in line with existing legal precedent. Under the surface, however, the case was very complex and took two years to settle, and has led to some key terminology from the legislation being placed under the spotlight.
What happens now?
Prevailing uncertainty comes from the need for a "serious breach" to have taken place for there to be grounds for an aggrieved contractor to seek damages: but who decides what is and isn't serious? It will probably take several more complex, protracted court cases to establish the standard. For the time being, bidders should be vigilant when reviewing the feedback received post-tender. If a process failure is suspected, tenderers should challenge the decision early, during the standstill period; authorities, not wanting to incur huge costs paying damages after a contract has been awarded, will take challenges during this period seriously, and decisions can and will be overturned when appropriate. Beyond that point, the onus will be on the complainant to prove that a serious breach has taken place.
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This painting illustrates the story of Sita's abduction in three episodes. At the bottom left Laksama finds his brother Rama, expressing deep emotion on realising that his wife, goddess Sita has been left alone. To the right, separated by a tree that looks like an overgrown flower, the demonic king Rawana abducts Sita. In the top half of the painting, the mythological bird Jatayu intercepts the abductor Rawana. The villain king reaches for his dagger, kris, while holding Sita trapped in his other arm.
The major iconographic innovation depicted in this painting is the total absence of the servant figures. In all traditional versions of this episode and all other stories from the Ramayana, servants Twalen and Merdah would accompany Rama, and Delem and Sangut would appear with Rawana.
Anthony Forge asserted that this small painting was an example of experimentation with new stylistic trends developing in Kamasan in the 1930s. These experiments were undertaken in response to the new style of painting in other parts of Bali. The characters were depicted in the traditional manner, while the innovations include the emphasis on trees and other plants, as well as the use of a solid yellow background, instead of the traditional wind and cloud motifs.


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Algorithms and Accountability took place in the Department of Law at New York University in February. Here's the description of the symposium:
Scholars, stakeholders, and policymakers question the adequacy of existing mechanisms governing algorithmic decision-making and grapple with new challenges presented by the rise of algorithmic power in terms of transparency, fairness, and equal treatment. Algorithms increasingly shape our news, economic options, and educational trajectories. The centrality and concerns about algorithmic decision making have only increased since we hosted the Governing Algorithms conference in May 2013. This event built upon that conversation to address legal, policy and ethical challenges related to algorithmic power in three specific contexts: media production and consumption, commerce, and education.
The event was recorded in full and the videocasts are attached below:
Categories: Digital Sociology


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The ability of baby fish to find a home, or other safe haven, to grow into adulthood will be severely impacted under predicted ocean acidification, University of Adelaide research has found.
Published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the researchers report the interpretation of normal ocean sound cues which help baby fish find an appropriate home is completely confused under the levels of CO2 predicted to be found in oceans by the end of the century.
"Locating appropriate homes is a crucial step in the life cycle of fish," says Tullio Rossi, PhD candidate with the University's Environment Institute. "After hatching in the open ocean, baby fish travel to reefs or mangroves as safe havens to feed and grow into adults.
"Baby fish can find those places through ocean noise: snapping shrimps and other creatures produce sounds that the baby fish follow.
"But when ocean acidity increases due to increased CO2, the neurological pathways in their brain are affected and, instead of heading towards those sounds, they turn tail and swim away."
Mr Rossi conducted experiments with barramundi hatchlings, an important fisheries species. The study was in collaboration with other researchers including Professor Sean Connell (University of Adelaide), Dr Stephen Simpson (University of Exeter) and Professor Philip Munday (James Cook University).
He and his collaborators also found that high CO2 makes baby fish move slower and show more hiding behaviour compared to normal fish. This could make it more difficult for them to find food or habitat and to avoid predators.
Research leader Associate Professor Ivan Nagelkerken says marine researchers know that ocean acidification can change fish behaviours. But it hasn't been known how high CO2 would affect such crucial hearing behaviour as finding somewhere to settle.
"Such misinterpretation of sound cues and changes in other behaviours could severely impact fish populations, with the number of young fish finding safe habitats dramatically reduced through their increased vulnerability to predators and reduced ability to find food," Associate Professor Nagelkerken says.
There is still time to turn around this scenario, Mr Rossi says. "We have the capacity to steer away from that worst-case scenario by reducing CO2 emissions," he says. "Business as usual, however, will mean a profound impact on fish populations and the industries they support."
A Youtube video further explaining Mr Rossi's research can be viewed here.
(Photo: Andreas Marz via flickr)


Avonia papyracea
Avonia papyracea is a strange dwarf succulent from South Africa known for its paper-like scales that make it look like a molting snake. It grows on the desert floor in its natural habitat, blending into the surrounding quartzite gravel. A slow and temperamental grower, Avonia papyracea will reward the attentive owner with dense, clustered growth and creamy white flowers that open only for a few hours at the hottest part of the day.
Please note: Every plant will vary in size, color and shape from the one pictured. Planter is not included. Plant ships bare root.
South Africa
Avonia papyracea does best in full sun, 4 to 5 hours a day, with some partial, filtered light at the peak hours of the day. Its paper scales do protect it from the harshest rays, but a sheer curtain will be beneficial as extra help on hot summer days. Grow outdoors in filtered light or indoors in a sunny window with southern exposure.
Avonia papyracea are drought tolerant plants that store a lot of water in their thick leaves and bulbous roots. Water when the soil dries out in the summer and only infrequently during the winter. Their soil should always be allowed to dry out entirely before watering thoroughly.
Tula's Tip
Avonia papyracea can be propagated from stem cuttings. Take great care when cutting these plants as they contain a sap that can be highly irritant if contacted with skin. Allow cuttings to callous for several days before dusting with rooting hormone and placing in soil. Fertilize: These plants do not require fertilizer though it can be added to give container grown plants a boost or to supplement poor soil. Apply a water-soluble, balanced fertilizer monthly, diluted at half strength.
Approx. 2" tall and 2" wide. Every plant will vary in size, color and shape.
Delivery Method
Nationwide shipping, NYC delivery and pickup available. Delivered Bare root