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What is Skyward (Family Access)?
Skyward (Family Access) is a password-protected site that provides both parents and students access to course grades, homework, attendance,and other data.
Watch the Skyward (Family Access) video for an overview and login instructions.
How to Sign Up
Please contact your child's school for more information on how to sign up for Skyward (Family Access).
- When picking up your information at the school, you will complete a form, show your ID and provide a current email address.
- If your children attend more than one Spring Branch School, you will only need to go to one campus.
Changing your Skyward (Family Access) Login, Password and Email
Parents, you are now able to change your login and password to whatever you like rather than the randomly generated login and password you received when you signed up.
You can now also change the e-mail address that is stored in your Family Access account. To change your Skyward (Family Access) Login, Password and Email, use the following instructions: English/Spanish
Skyward (Family Access) Mobile App
This app is currently available through the Apple, Amazon and Google app stores and is compatible with Apple and Android mobile devices.
Skyward's Family and Student Access - Students have their own login!
By using their student login, secondary students are now able to access information about their grades, attendance, and other basic information through Skyward's Family and Student Access.
Students will be able to track their progress and attendance along with parents but they will not have access to their sibling's information. Most secondary students have already logged in to use the system from school to enter their course requests for next year.
State Testing Results
Spring Branch ISD will be providing families with STAAR and other state test results electronically utilizing the Texas Assessment Student Portal. The Student Portal provides students and parents with online access to a student's state assessment scores. This includes STAAR grades 3 – 8, STAAR End-‐of-‐Course, and TELPAS (Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System).
Student test results in the Student Portal are available through a Portal Access Code and the student's date of birth. Your child's Portal Access Code is available to families through your student's Skyward Family Access account.
To find your child's Portal Access Code and the link to the Student Portal in Skyward:
- Login onto Skyward Family Access and locate the "Online Forms" tab located on the left hand side. Note: You must access it through a web browser. The mobile app will NOT work for this!!
- Open the Online Forms tab
- The form listed in Step 1, "STAAR Student Unique Access Code and Link," will show the Student Portal Code (called the Unique Access Code in Skyward)
- Use the link to visit the Student portal and enter the provided STAAR Portal Access Code and your child's date of birth to view all of your student's STAAR results.
For more information about the Student Portal, see the Student Portal Help Guide.
Where can I find Skyward (Family Access)?
Parents and students can login to the Family Access Portal from their schools website or from the homepage of the SBISD District website.
Link is located under STUDENTS & FAMILIES.


National Rivers Hall of Fame Inductees
The Artists, Writers, and Musicians
George Catlin
Inducted in 2001
Catlin was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and he initially studied law, but later abandoned it for painting. Though he had virtually no formal training, his skill as a portrait artist was evident.
Catlin decided to dedicate his life to portraying American Indians, what he called the "vanishing race," after he saw a group of visiting chieftains at the Charles Wilson Peale Museum of Natural History in Philadelphia in the 1820s. Catlin later wrote, "In silent and stoic dignity, these lords of the forest strutted about the city for a few days, wrapped in their painted robes, with their brows plumed with the quills of the war eagle, attracting the gaze of all who beheld them." And so Catlin was inspired to paint and record the lifestyles of this race of people "rapidly passing away from the face of the earth." By 1840, he had visited 48 different tribes, painted 310 portraits, and 200 other paintings.
Catlin, in 1832, was the first artist to paint the Missouri River as far as Fort Union at the junction of the Yellowstone and the Missouri. His paintings of the Missouri were often great panorama views that included Indian and animal life along the river. With his famous Indian Gallery, he also put the Missouri River and its vast surroundings on view for the first time in England and France where many people had never seen a steamboat or keelboat.


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Fly over Pluto and Charon in the latest NASA footage
The New Horizons spacecraft may have moved on from Pluto, making a long march to the Kuiper Belt, but we're still deep in the process of analyzing the data it sent back. Now, for the spacecraft's one-year anniversary of its Pluto flyby, NASA has released two new videos based on digital elevation models and New Horizons' data of both Pluto and Charon.
The Pluto flyover begins in Sputnik Planitia, a nitrogen ice field bordered by craters on one side (Cthulhu Macula) and mountains on the other. It moves north to Voyager Terra, which are rugged highlands, and then sweeps over the pits and craters of Pioneer Terra. The flyover ends over Tartarus Dorsa.
The Charon flyover, meanwhile, surveys the canyon Serenity Chasma, before sweeping over Dorothy Gale crater and Mordor Macula, the dark polar hood of Charon. The flyover then moves south, covering an area called Oz Terra before ending at the Vulcan Planum plains and Clarke Montes mountains.
It's important to note that the topographic features have been exaggerated in these videos to really give you an idea of what the landscape of Pluto and Charon are like. Additionally, NASA enhanced the colors of both dwarf planets' surfaces.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


1.6 billion working people witnessed drop in their incomes due to COVID-19 pandemic
Women working in tourism, retail and food sectors hit the hardest by pandemic says Gallup US survey
The Gallup US survey has revealed that every second working person on the earth has lost income in last one year due to COVID-19 pandemic. People in low-income countries remained the hardest hit by job losses and cuts to working hours.
US-based polling company Gallup surveyed 300,000 people in 117 countries and found that half the people who were employed now earn less than they earlier did owing to the pandemic. This implies that 1.6 billion working adults across the world witnessed dips in their income.
"Worldwide, these percentages ranged from a high of 76% in Thailand to a low of 10% in Switzerland," researchers announced in a statement.
Massive income drops were reported in Bolivia, Kenya, Myanmar, Indonesia, Uganda, Honduras and Ecuador where over 70 per cent people claimed that they were now taking home less income than before the pandemic. In the United States, the number stood at 34 per cent.
Women were among the worst hit due to the pandemic, which are generally overrepresented in low paying sectors like food, tourism and retail. A study done by Oxfam, the international charity group said that the pandemic cost women $800 billion in income losses around the world.
In 57 countries including Zimbabwe, the Philippines, India, Kenya, El Salvador, Bangladesh, over 65% people said that they were forced to stop working at one point during the pandemic. The Gallup poll found that over 50% of people had to temporarily stop working. This figure amounts for over 1.7 billion adults worldwide.
Countries that reported the least change among people who were already working were mostly developed high-income nations like Austria, Switzerland and Germany. Less than one out of 10 people in these countries said that they had to temporarily stop working due to the pandemic. In the US, 39 per cent people had to stop working due to the pandemic.
According to the poll, one in three people across the world lost their job due to the pandemic implying over one billion people globally were left unemployed due to the pandemic.
But this figure varies from country to country. Lower income countries like the Philippines, Kenya and Zimbabwe reported that 60% people their jobs while 13 per cent people in the United States reported the same. In Switzerland, the number remained as low as 3 per cent.
 Khalid Bhatti
1 comment:
 1. Yes,This pandemic has resulted less income and increased miseries in third world working class.
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Why have the eye and CNS have immune privilege? Why does the body not develop tolerance against their tissue and instead risk their damage in case an accidental immune cell infiltration?
...in immune privileged sites, tissue grafts can survive for extended periods of time without rejection occurring
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ i added quote from wiki and a link, please feel free to remove it if you feel so. but I would encourage you to read that wiki page on immune tolerance $\endgroup$ – aaaaa says reinstate Monica May 7 '15 at 6:04
The immune privilege is happening for brain, CNS, eye, testis and the uterus. All these tissues (or structures) share that they cannot be regenerated once they get damaged by an overshooting immune reaction. Infections in the eye followed by a strong immune response often lead to the loss of the eye, in rodents loss if immune tolerance against the fetus leads to abortion.
So basically this is a protective mode for these tissues to protect them from a stong immune reaction. See the references for some more details (especially on how this works).
 2. What is immune privilege (not)?
 3. Immune privilege or privileged immunity?
 4. Immune Privilege and the Philosophy of Immunology
 Each immune privileged tissue has a unique function. The eye must protect the light path and signals that stimulate the retina, and photoreceptors to preserve vision. The testis has to protect the sperm as they proceed to the epididymis where they mature. The maternal reproductive tract has to protect its eggs both before and after fertilization and thus has developed specialized mechanisms to modify the body's response to foreign antigens. These unique challenges require different solutions and lead to unique immune privilege mechanisms. However, although microenvironment and the stromal cells that carry out the particular function may vary between tissues, and consequently the mechanisms that promote regulation may be unique to that cell or tissue, the goal is the same: limit collateral damage to preserve tissue integrity and maintain homeostasis to the extent possible, without compromising host defense.
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Note: I have now updated this with the latest roadmaps for 10.15 release. A further article will follow on 11 October explaining more about these.
When you upgrade to macOS 10.15 Catalina, your boot volume will effectively be split into two. Assuming it's the standard internal storage, your existing boot volume will be renamed to Macintosh HD – Data, and a new read-only system volume created and given the name Macintosh HD. However, when your Mac starts up in Catalina, you won't see the Data volume, as it's hidden inside the System volume, in what Apple refers to as a Volume Group.
Although new to macOS, this scheme is already in use in iOS, and specifies the read-only system volume as having the role APFS_VOL_ROLE_SYSTEM, and the writeable user volume has the role APFS_VOL_ROLE_DATA. In that, the volume with the System role is normally mounted at the root /, and that containing both user and mutable system data is then mounted in /System/Volumes and accessed from there using several firmlinks.
In this scheme, inode numbers are allocated relative to the root, so the files and directories of both volumes share the same volume inode and number space. Thus you can't distinguish where an item is located by checking its volume inode. Furthermore, absolute URL paths are given from the root directory /, so they too don't reveal which of the volumes in the volume group an item is stored on.
Inode numbers do make it easy to identify firmlinks: just like hard links, the two directories forming the firmlink have identical inode numbers, although as they are directories and APFS doesn't support directory hard links, they can only be firmlinks.
A bootable Catalina APFS container normally contains at least five APFS volumes:
- the read-only system volume, by default on the internal disk named Macintosh HD, which forms the root of the boot file system,
- the writable data volume, by default on the internal disk named Macintosh HD – Data, which is normally hidden from view at /System/Volumes and accessed via firmlinks,
- Preboot, a small volume of around 40-50 MB,
- Recovery, the Recovery Volume, of around 500 MB,
- VM, containing virtual memory caches, which is upwards of 20 KB depending on use.
Firmlinks are similar in some respects to traditional symbolic links, but are only made between folders, work in both directions, and with a little added magic effectively merge the contents of two linked folders. For example, the /Users directory on the read-only system volume contains some directories in /Shared. As /Users is a firmlink, the directories there are merged with those in the /Users/Shared directory on the writable (Data) volume.
A similar trick applies to the /Applications directory: user applications are installed in the Applications directory on the writable volume; SIP-protected Apple apps are installed in /System/Applications, which resides on the read-only system volume. When you browse the top-level Applications folder in the Finder, you'll see the combination of both sets of apps, with user apps linked in using a firmlink between the two volumes. Further details about volume groups and the file system magic in Catalina is in this Carbon Copy Cloner KB article.
Layout of standard folders and files on the System volume is shown in this roadmap:
available here as a PDF: CatalinaSysR
If you want the previous version, for late beta releases, here it is in PDF: CatalinaSys
Layout of standard folders and files on the Data volume is shown in this roadmap:
available here as a PDF: CatalinaDataR
If you want the previous version, for late beta releases, here it is in PDF: CatalineData
The current list of firmlinks taken from /usr/share/firmlinks is:
/Applications <-> Applications
/Library <-> Library
/System/Library/Caches <-> System/Library/Caches
/System/Library/Assets <-> System/Library/Assets
/System/Library/PreinstalledAssets <-> System/Library/PreinstalledAssets
/System/Library/AssetsV2 <-> System/Library/AssetsV2
/System/Library/PreinstalledAssetsV2 <-> System/Library/PreinstalledAssetsV2
/System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Library <-> System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Library
/System/Library/Speech <-> System/Library/Speech
/Users <-> Users
/Volumes <-> Volumes
/cores <-> cores
/opt <-> opt
/private <-> private
/usr/local <-> usr/local
/usr/libexec/cups <-> usr/libexec/cups
/usr/share/snmp <-> usr/share/snmp
in each case shown as the system volume path and the Data volume path which are firmlinked. These haven't changed since late betas.
One valuable trick for always using the right path in Terminal is to locate the folder or file in a Finder window, and drag and drop that into the command line. macOS then magically performs any path conversions for you. You may also find my utility Precize useful, as it gives paths, inode numbers, and a great deal more.
For details of the roles and purposes of these folders, and those within the Home folder, please refer back to the previous article detailing the volume layout of macOS 10.14 Mojave.
Details given here are based on exploration of the file system of Catalina 10.15 first full release.
Amended 1535 UTC 10 October 2019 for the release version.


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Aven Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Aven Name Meaning
Scandinavian: unexplained. English: variant spelling of Avon. German: patronymic from the Frisian personal name Ave. The surname is frequent in the areas of Oldenburg and Jeverland. Dutch: metonymic occupational name from Middle Dutch haven 'pot'. Americanized form of French Avenne or Avoine, literally 'oats', hence a metonymic occupational name for a grain grower or merchant.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Avena, Ave, Even, Raven, Avey, Aden, Bien, Aveni, Savin, Laven


Browse Interviews (2 total)
Danny Cline discusses his time in the Army during Vietnam. In particular, Cline comments on being drafted, going to boot camp, being shipped to Vietnam, trying to handle the stress of being in a combat zone, the process of desensitization in a war zone, and the reception he received when he returned home.
Martin Baumgardner recounts his time with the National Guard. In particular, Baumgardner comments on the difficulties of being away from family, his choice in the National Guard, the high expectations of his leaders, being a member of Airborne, his position as a combat engineer, and his transition back into civilian life after the service.
Output Formats


one of the best Japanese name searches for a baby!
Totona girl(female) name
 - Gender:female
 - Hiragana Hiragana is a syllabary used in written Japanese,
 which originated from the cursive style of Kanji.
 - KatakanaKatakana is also a Japanese syllabary.
 Basically, the characters don't have any meaning by themselves,
 they only represent the sounds.
 Japanese basically try to express the words came from foreign languages
 with the most similar sounds in Japanese using Katakana.
Meanings by Kanji - 1 variation
The greater number of kanji variations, the more common name is in Japan. On the other hand, a name with a few variations of kanji is unique and not very familiar to Japanese people.
For Totona, Kanji choices are listed below, sorted by the total number of good.
 - 登々成 ～ Totona ～
 "登" is climb. "々" is a repetition kanji or ideographic iteration mark. "成" is formation.
Share this name
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About Benjamin Kubelsky
Jack Benny (born Benjamin Kubelsky, February 14, 1894 – December 26, 1974) was an American comedian, vaudevillian, radio, television, and film actor, and also a notable violinist. Widely recognized as one of the leading American entertainers of the 20th century, Benny played the role of the comic penny-pinching miser, insisting on remaining 39 years old on stage despite his actual age, and often playing the violin badly.
Benny was known for his comic timing and his ability to get laughs with either a pregnant pause or a single expression, such as his signature exasperated "Well!" His radio and television programs, popular from the 1930s to the 1960s, were a foundational influence on the situation comedy genre.


Almost all American-made trombones are tuned using a tuning slide in the crook of the bell section. However, some European instrument makers sell trombones designed with a one-piece crook and a mechanism for tuning the instrument in the handslide.
What are the pros and cons of each style of trombone design?
Actually, American manufacturers (notably Conn and Olds) produced slide-tuning instruments well into the 1960s. The design lasted longest in bass trombones (the Olds P24 and Conn 7xH). S. E. Shires currently produces a slide-tuning alto and makes slide-tuning slides for tenors and basses on special order. Kanstul makes a slide-tuning bass in its 1662 series and 1670 series, and a slide-tuning tenor in its 1688/1608 series.
Slide tuning has a substantial advantage for bass trombones because it allows a longer continuously tapered bell section. Trombones are roughly 1/3 tapered and 2/3 cylindrical tubing. A Bb/F bass trombone with slide tuning (and NO provision for bell tuning) can have a tapered tubing proportions that are approximately correct for the F side. Of course, then it's too long for the Bb horn. Slide tuning also allows for a longer slide section. The Conn 62 has an in-tune low C without worrying about going off the inner slides. Other instruments (notably the Bach 50) have the low C (on the F side alone) perilously near the end of the slide. Shires went to slide tuning on his alto so that the instrument would have solid low A and E. Other altos are notorious for having these notes almost off the slide.
Slide-tuning has two primary disadvantages. First is weight: including the tuning mechanism in the slide necessarily increases the outer slide's weight. More weight means more inertia means a slower slide. Modern designs have much lower weight penalties than the designs of the 1960s. The other problem is slide alignment. A slide tuning instrument has more moving parts, which theoretically make it vulnerable to alignment problems.
As with all things musical, it is a matter of paying your money and taking your choice. Slide tuning and bell tuning trombones have different timbral and playing characteristics. Having a conical bell section generally gives a warmer sound than that of a bell tuning instrument. However, the conical bell section is very open and may require more air and effort from the player at louder dynamics.
Your Answer


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25 Million Years of Us vs. Them
Posted by The Situationist Staff on March 21, 2011
From World News:
Like people, some of our monkey cousins tend to take an "us versus them" view of the world, a study has found. This suggests that the tendency for human groups to clash may stem from a distant evolutionary past, scientists say.
Yale University researchers led by psychologist Laurie Santos found in a series of experiments that monkeys treat monkeys from outside their groups with the same suspicion and dislike as their human cousins tend to treat outsiders. The findings are reported in the March issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"One of the more troubling aspects of human nature is that we evaluate people differently depending on whether they're a member of our 'ingroup' or 'outgroup,'" Santos said. "Pretty much every conflict in human history has involved people making distinctions on the basis of who is a member of their own race, religion, social class, and so on. The question we were interested in is: Where do these types of group distinctions come from?"
The answer, she adds, is that such biases have apparently been shaped by 25 million years of evolution and not just by human culture.
"The bad news is that the tendency to dislike outgroup members appears to be evolutionarily quite old, and therefore may be less simple to eliminate than we'd like to think," Santos said. "The good news, though, is that even monkeys seem to be flexible about who counts as a group member. If we humans can find ways to harness this evolved flexibility, it might allow us to become an even more tolerant species."
Santos and members of her lab studied rhesus macaque monkeys living on an island off the coast of Puerto Rico. Monkeys in this population naturally form different social groups based on family history.
The investigators exploited a well-known tendency of animals to stare longer at new or frightening things than at familiar or friendly things. They showed monkeys pictures of other monkeys who were either in their social group or members of a different group. They found that monkeys stared longer at pictures of other monkeys who were outside their group, suggesting the creatures spontaneously detect who is a stranger and who is a group member.
* * *
The Yale team's results suggest that the distinctions humans make between "us" and "them"— and therefore the roots of human prejudice—may date back at least 25 million years, when humans and rhesus macaques shared a common ancestor.
"Social psychologists introduced the world to the idea that the immediate situation is hugely powerful in determining behavior, even intergroup feelings," said [Situationist Contributor] Mahzarin Banaji of Harvard University, a co-author of the paper. "Evolutionary theorists have made us aware of our ancestral past. In this work, we weave the two together to show the importance of both of these influences at work."
* * *
Related Situationist posts:
- "The Situation of Prejudice: Us vs. Them? or Them Is Us?"
- "Laurie Santos on the Evolutionary Situation of Cognitive Biases,"
- "Michael McCullough on the Situation of Revenge and Forgiveness,"
- "New Study Looks at the Roots of Empathy,"
- "The Endowment Effect in Chimpanzees – Abstract,"
- "The 'Turban Effect',"
- "The Situation of Racial Profiling,"
- "Jim Sidanius "Terror, Intergroup Violence, and the Law,"
- "Even monkeys know when they're being treated unfairly,"
- "Monkey Fairness,"
- "The Situation of Being '(un)American'," and
- "Perceptions of Racial Divide."
This entry was posted on March 21, 2011 at 12:01 am and is filed under Conflict, Evolutionary Psychology, Implicit Associations, Situationist Contributors, Social Psychology. Tagged: evolutionary psychology, Implicit Associations, Laurie Santos, Mahzarin Banaji. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The next Tech Tips columns will focus on typical motor problems, their causes, and possible solutions. Before we plunge ahead, however, take this brief motor quiz.
True or false: Maintenance plays a small role in motor failures.
True: Today's motors are relatively maintenance free. However, some maintenance (like removing dirt from vent holes and the motor exterior) can extend motor life.
True or false: Newer motors are more likely to break down than older ones.
False: Motors, like anything mechanical, have a finite life. The newer the motor, the more life it should have left. Newer designed motors also have the benefit of the latest refinements in materials and computer-aided design. The only exception to this rule is very old motors. These motors were built like tanks. They were very heavy and ran very cool. However, they frequently needed relubrication.
True or false: A motor problem can be misdiagnosed as something else.
True: Other devices connected to or driven by the motor can actually be the cause of the problem.
True or false: Exposure to environmental conditions has a major effect on motor operation.
True: Motor life is inversely proportional to ambient temperature and exposure to rain. Even sunlight can indirectly affect motor life.
True or false: None of today's motors need lubrication.
False: Never say never - or none. All motors need lubrication. However, most of today's motors do not need relubrication. If a motor's life can be extended by relubrication, there will be instructions on the nameplate. Know what type of motor you're dealing with!
True or false: System conditions do not affect motor performance.
False: Dirty filters, dirty coils, and low voltage can all affect motor performance.
True or false: Motor operating characteristics always have an impact on system operation.
False: They may not always affect system operation, but an unplanned reduction in motor speed can mean less air passes over surfaces that require heat exchange, including the human being. If less air passes over the coils (hot or cold), this will have a negative impact on system performance/operation. The compressor will have to stay on longer to satisfy the thermostat or, in the worst case, the coils could freeze up.
Which of the following is not a common motor problem:
1. Failure to rotate.
2. Failure to come up to speed or accelerate.
3. Failure to run continuously.
4. Vibration or noise.
6. None of the above.
7. All of the above.
No. 7 (all of the above) is correct, but keep in mind that whether or not problems are truly common depends on other factors, such as system conditions, the operating environment, and even the motor's brand. We will examine the possible causes of these problems in coming months.
For more information, click on the Emerson Climate Technologies logo above.


Pureit Service Aravalli _USER_
Pureit Service Aravalli _USER_
Our Video
Why Users Are Happy With Pureit service in Aravalli?
The organization gives appropriate training to the service to provide a instant and simple resolution to the customers of Aravalli, at the training session conducted at Aravalli, they can have a look in an open RO machine so that they can comprehend the detailed view of the water purifier to assist the customers of Aravalli in a improved way. There are several registered Pureit service centres available in each and every location of Aravalli so that the organization can provide immediate support to its customers to look after the wears and tears of RO, then as well RO is an electronic product that requires maintenance on time, or else the membrane can be choked and the performance of RO goes down in Aravalli.
We all understand that clean water has to be produced from a resource of water which is simply accessible in the Aravalli location, habitually drinkable water, therefore, let's understand what this clean water collected of in Aravalli, is it just an substitute name for deionized or purified water, or is there an actual transformation in structure, as the structure of Pure water of Aravalli, is very low in mineral mixed, organics and bacterial substance and the attentiveness of these components varies based on the technique from which it is formed. However, spotless water in Aravalli is an substitute word to our daily life used in our native or commercial, as it is the motive for our survival or reality on earth, although there are several alterations in the composition of treated water in assessment to the water that is naturally obtainable.
Due to speedy infra growth at many of the locations in Aravalli, the drilling work happening to the ground, is causing harm to the pipelines of supply water of Aravalli and the water is getting mixed up with the drain water pipelines, as both the pipelines break and water mixed up that comes to the native areas of Aravalli It is very essential to comprehend for all the residents of Aravalli and the other cities too, that if you stay strong then only you are able to perform all the day to day task, this is because the metropolitan cities like Aravalli, Mumbai, etc. are becoming more and more polluted day by day, as the level of infrastructure growth in increasing remarkably in Aravalli.
The water purifiers of Pureit available in Aravalli have two water output options, one that gives water with copper-infused in it and the other that is without copper so that if somebody requires to opt-out copper from their drinking water, they can simply go for it as per their selection in Aravalli or any other locations The water purifier of Pureit justifies its name when we talk about the purity of the water of Aravalli, it is measured 100% nontoxic for drinking purposes, it has copper charge technique which gives a admirable strong advantage to the consumer of Aravalli with smart learning advantage, it means the copper is smart enough to spotless itself making the uncontaminated form water of Aravalli.
We are here to assist you with the RO service as and when essential, it does not troubles you whether you have the service center near you in Aravalli or not, as we are the reputed marketplace that helps you to link to the registered centers for instant assistance in any of the locations of Aravalli. The issue of water adulteration was bothering the individuals of Aravalli before the Pureit service came into reality, it also came with lots of facilities like if they do not have the appropriate service center in your nearby location of Aravalli, they have registered various options for the customers, so that the customer does not have to really troubles about the service of their RO after buying it in Aravalli.
Discovering the Pureit Service Centre Near Me
If you want to look for the Pureit service center near me for any of the locations of Aravalli, then go for the online search on any of the android device you have in Aravalli, all the devices are proficient of finding the same whether it is I-pad, tablet, android mobile or I-phone, all these devices have navigation option to locate the nearest location of Aravalli for your calm approach. If you didn't find the correct results on looking for Pureit service centre near me in your android device for any of the locations of Aravalli, then there is one more option to look at the company's website, they have the list of approved services of Aravalli located in the contact us page.
The water molecule has two different poles of conflicting electric charge, since separately the water molecule is consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen, the hydrogen atoms subsidize a positive charge while the oxygen promotes a negative charge, make it possible the molecule both positive and negative poles, this makes the water molecule not only sturdily attractive to other water molecules, it will demand other polar molecules as well and all this practice is secured after undergoing the treatment through RO in Aravalli and hence, there is no effect on the property of water attained by RO in Aravalli. There is no revolve in the Surface tension after locating the water from the RO or the water purifier from any of the locations of Aravalli, it is actually the preference of water molecules to follow to one added in such way as to build its surface acts as a sheath, as you spot surface tension at exertion each and every time you look an insect walking on water or each and every time water beads up on an apparent layer in the water attained in Aravalli from your surrounded or commercial water purifier.
Purified water attained from the RO or the normal water supplied to Aravalli both are also wonderful solvents; they are called the universal solvents as so many altered types of substances can be liquefied in the water of Aravalli, and hence, the adulterants also dissolve in the water of Aravalli, it has to go through an extraction practice before making it securedfor the human consumption. The whole lifecycle involves to take in ingredients to make energy and extract out waste products and uninvited poisons because of this water ability not only for Aravalli but someplace for disbanding all kinds of constituents, it makes a supreme intermediate for both chores as the water is also so vertical at being a solvent because of its polarity and water purifiers do not revolve the polarity and keep it secured for drinking for all the locations of Aravalli.
Frequently Asked Questions
You can choose any of their proposed methods to get Pureit RO service at your doorstep in Aravalli. Pureit service can be picked in a single tap by using Aravalli's official customer service number. You can get instant service at your home comfort for 24/7 in 365 days.
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Quick Answer: What Is Short For Gregory?
What does the name Ryan mean?
Ryan is an English-language given name of Irish origin, and is used by both males and females.
It comes from the Irish surname Ryan, which in turn comes from the Old Irish name Rian.
Popular modern sources typically suggest that the name means "little king" or "illustrious", but the original meaning is unknown..
What does Gregory mean in the Bible?
The name Gregory comes from the Greek Gregōrios, derived from the verb "gregōrien" meaning 'watchful, vigilant'. … The name was adopted by early Christians heedful of the Biblical passage located in 1 Peter 5:8, "Be sober-minded; be watchful.
Who is Gregory in Romeo and Juliet?
Gregory is a minor character in the play. He is of the house of Capulet, and a friend to Sampson. Gregory confronts Sampson about the fact that he complains, yet does not act on the fact that he hates all Montagues.
What does the name Kimberly mean?
The given name Kimberley is derived from place of Kimberley, in Northern Cape, South Africa. … This place name is derived from two Old English elements: the first is the feminine personal name Cyneburg, which means "royal fortress"; the second element is lēah, which means "woodland" or "clearing".
What is Greg a nickname for?
Greg is a name that's been used primarily by parents who are considering baby names for boys. Short form of Gregory. Greg Kinnear, actor.
What nationality is Gregory?
Gregory (surname)OriginWord/nameGreek, Latin, Celtic, RussianMeaningSon of "Gregory" or "Gregor"Region of originEngland (Derbyshire), Scotland (Highlands)Other names1 more row
What is the female version of the name Gregory?
I found several female versions of Gregory, actually: Gregoria (this name has already been mentioned – it's the most popular one, I think) Gregorina. Gregorine.
Who is Gregory FNAF?
Gregory is the implied child protagonist of the upcoming game Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach.
Is Greg a male or female name?
Gender Popularity of the Name "Greg" Boy or Girl? Greg: It's a boy! Since 1880, a total of 75,845 boys have been given the name Greg while we have no record of any girls being named Greg.
Is Gregory a unisex name?
The name Gregory is a boy's name of Greek origin meaning "vigilant, a watchman".
What kind of name is Greer?
Meaning: Greer is a girl's name of Scottish origin that means "alert or watchful.
How do you spell the name Greg?
The surname is of Scottish origin and is derived from a shortened form of the personal name Gregory and Greg. As a given name, Greig is of English and Scottish origin. This name is a short form of the names Gregory or Gregor. In some cases it is derived from the surname of the same spelling.
What does the name Gregory stand for?
The masculine first name Gregory derives from the Latin name "Gregorius", which came from the late Greek name "Γρηγόριος" (Grēgórios) meaning "watchful, alert" (derived from Greek "γρηγoρεῖν" "grēgorein" meaning "to watch").
What does the name Gregory mean in Hebrew?
Gregory is a common masculine first name and family name. It is derived from the Latin "Gregorius," which was from the late Greek name "Γρηγόριος" (Gregorios), which was derived from "γήγορος" (gegoros) meaning "watchful, alert". … Because of this background, it is also a very common name for saints.
What name means a gift from God?
Is Gregory a Russian name?
Grischa (alternatively spelled Grisha or Gricha) is a short form for the name Gregory or Grigorij, and sometimes for the name Georgi as well, used in Russia and some other Slavic countries, including Ukraine and Bulgaria. The "sha" ending is a typical short form in the Russian language for names.


class Ens.BPL.While extends Ens.BPL.Activity
This provides the ability to perform a series of activities whilst a condition remains true
Property Inventory (Including Private)
Method Inventory (Including Private)
property Activities as Ens.BPL.ActivityList;
This holds the Activity list which represents the loop body
Property methods: ActivitiesGet(), ActivitiesGetSwizzled(), ActivitiesIsValid(), ActivitiesNewObject(), ActivitiesSet()
property Condition as %String;
This holds the condition which controls the loop
Property methods: ConditionDisplayToLogical(), ConditionGet(), ConditionIsValid(), ConditionLogicalToDisplay(), ConditionLogicalToOdbc(), ConditionNormalize(), ConditionSet()
private method %OnNew(initvalue As %RawString) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
method GenerateCode(pCompiler As Ens.BPL.Compiler) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
method GenerateXML(pStream As %BinaryStream) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
Inherited description: This generates the common XML attributes for this Activity
method Validate(ByRef pStatus As %Status, pContext As Ens.BPL.ValidationContext) as %Status [ Language = objectscript ]
Perform a sanity check on the nodes in the parse tree
private method activityName() as %String [ Language = objectscript ]
Provide a user readable string which names the activity
Inherited Members
Inherited Properties (Including Private)
Inherited Methods (Including Private)


text:
Problems in enforcing environmental law and ensuring environmental rights for legal aid beneficiaries
Rights of legal aid beneficiaries and environmental rights: Article 34 of Decree No. 7/CP dated 12/1/2007 on guidelines for implementing 2006 Law on legal aid stipulates: poor people, policy supported groups and other marginalized groups are entitled to legal aid services in eight fields, including environmental law.
Legal aid beneficiaries are entitled to, represention by counsel in order to lodge a complaint, to conduct negotiations or during legal proceedings. All of these activities shall be provided at no cost, and be followed-up, monitored by the state legal aid center, lawyers, or legal counselors.
The aim of providing legal aid services for the poor and marginalized groups is to protect their rights and interests, and to improve their legal knowledge. It also aims to avoid needless loss of business. Thus, legal aid plays an important role in raising people's awareness on environment, and poverty eradication. Environment is closely linked with poverty, thus poverty can induce vulnerable communities (who are heavily dependant on local natural resources) to increase use of natural resources, causing overexplointation and the exhaustion of these resources. Poverty will lead to the lack of investment on environment. In additions, the growth at no costs strategy and population boom in Viet Nam will suplement to this, causing the serious environmental problems.
However, statistics on legal aid cases reveal that the number of environment-related matters is quite small, and none of them are successful. Although a large amount of water, air and noise pollution happen every day – affecting the lives of large numbers of people, and leading to many diseases – people are often not suffiiciently aware of their environmental rights or their right to legal aid to protect these rights. Even when they are aware of their rights, there is no mechanism to support the complaints process such as assisting with inspection, testing or collecting evidence.
"Environment" is a very broad field, and is the topic of more than 300 international conventions and thousands of agreements and treaties. Vietnam has joined nearly 20 important international conventions on the environment. The 1992 Constitution states: "All State offices, units of the armed forces, economic establishments, social organisations, and every citizen must observe State regulations on the appropriate use of natural resources and on environmental protection. All acts resulting in depletion and destruction of the environment are strictly prohibited". The 1993 Law on Environmental Protection of Vietnam (amended in 2005) provides a comprehensive but still abstract definition of environment: "The environment comprises closely inter-related natural factors and man-made material factors that surround human beings and affect life, production, the existence and development of man and nature…" (Article 1). Hence, the word "environment" herein refers to the living environment of human beings. Humans have the right to live in a safe and clean natural and social environment. "Environment" is also the condition and measure of the quality of people's life, a label used for promoting tourism, and a factor for social development in general. The law also prescribes Responsibilities of the State for protecting the national environment, including promulgating regulations to avoid/prevent the degredation of the environment, and rehabilitate degraded areas, prevent pollution, and deal with criminal and administrative breaches stipulated in other Laws (Laws on mineral resources, Law on oil and gas, Maritime Code, Labour Law, Land Law, Law on forest development and protection, Law on protecting people's health; Ordinance on dykes, Ordinance on protecting aquatic resources, 2009 Law on urban planning, etc.).
The Government has promulgated many legal documents on handling administrative infringements to the Law on Environmental Protection, including Decree No. 72/2010/ND-CP dated 8/7/2010 on regulations for preventing and combatting crimes and other violations relating to the environment. This was the basis for creating the Environmental Police Force.
Vietnamese legislation gives individuals, organizations, and households the right to file complaints and to denounce the violations of environmental law rights and the right to seek compensation according to the Civil Code.
Thus there exists a contradiction: if we already have an adequate set of environmental laws with functionally assigned forces, why do violations still occur frequently and at a large scale, but with no successful criminal or civil lawsuits? The gap between promulgating and enforcing laws can be explained as follows:
First, the understanding of laws in general and environmental laws in particular by the public is limited. This is partly because environmental laws are written using complicated language that is very difficult for the public to understand. Meanwhile, local people are both polluters and victims of pollution. They are not fully aware of the consequences of their actions. Second, many communities, organizations, and companies still operate for short-term gains, without consideration of long-term targets or impacts on the environment, society or future generations. Third, in terms of public administration, even though the government claims that environmental protection is an important concern, when conflicts between economic and environmental benefits arise, economic growth is still prioritized. Fourth, the awareness and capacity of authorities to handle violations of the law is weak with cumbersome procedures to enforce the law. Detection of violations does not always lead to action. When penalties are issued, fines are often low and there is no requirement for the defendent to take steps to restore the breach. Although companies may pay the fine it may be cheaper than investing in modern sewage discharge technology to prevent further breaches. The lack of follow-up means that one violation may be repeated many times. Fifth, there are various factors that deny local people access to justice in order to protect their rights. Primarily, local people lack the resources to bring proceedings. While criminal cases need the responsibility of competent agencies, in civil cases, plaintifs may have to provide adequate evidence by themselves. The high cost of equipment for testing for pollutants (and the delay in obtaining results) makes is a significant challenge for local people wanting to bring civil proceedings. In addition, local unemployment sometimes means that polluting companies are not requested to close. Similarly, provinces eager to increase employment and income may not always conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) before issuing operating licenses.
Realizing the importance of a clean environment for the life of present and future generations, our legal aid center has conducted many communication activities including circulating leaflets, organizing law briefing meetings, club's meetings, providing explanation of laws, and supporting the preparation of dossiers and other requried procedures for filing complaints. Only when local people have the chance to detect violations, make requests for handling them, ask for compensation and when authorities settle these problems in a strict and uncompromised manner, will environmental infringement be addressed, and pollution be mitigated.
In our opinion:
- The Criminal Code should be revised so that penal liability is borne by the head of the company/organization.
- The Environmental Law should be amended to be easier to understand, and more detailed. Measures should be identified to promote the participation of agencies, organizations, households and individuals in environmental protection.
- A reward mechanism should be implemented to encourage business, organizations and local people to detect violations, and take action to address pollution at the local level.
- Fines should be increased for persons who commit violations despite understanding the negative impacts of polluting the environment
- It is imperative to examine cases in which the concerned state agencies administer inappropriate and improper legal measures, particularly to investors, state economic groups, etc., or in granting licences to steel, cement, chemicals mills, etc.
- Make personnel who grant licences to environment-damaging businesses accountable, as well as the chairmen of People's Committes in localities that violate environmental law.
- Give residential areas more rights to have their voices heard, and to protest the licencing of construction and investment projects.
Dr. Ta Thi Minh Ly - Former Director Department of Legal Aid, Ministry of Justice, Chairperson of Viet Nam Legal Aid Association for the Poor


text:
The New Zealand Seafood Standards Council (NZSSC), the seafood industry and the New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA) have joined forces to develop a more robust and consistent approach to monitoring and dealing with Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat seafood.
The seafood industry had identified that the Listeria Circular 1995 (IAIS 003.9), which ready-to-eat seafood producers have been using to manage the pathogen, needed updating following international advances in how listeria Listeria was managed. A technical working group led by the NZSSC with representatives from industry, NZFSA and other experts undertook the review.
"Listeria monocytogenes is a bacteria that can cause a serious illness called listeriosis," NZFSA specialist advisor Marion Castle says. "Although sickness is rare it can have serious consequences, especially for pregnant women who risk miscarrying or giving birth prematurely."
The Listeria Monitoring Programme for Ready-to-Eat Seafood was developed with two facets; one for long shelf-life products and one for short shelf-life products. "There are inherently different risks associated with products that have a longer shelf-life, and these have been addressed through developing two different monitoring programmes," Marion says.
The new monitoring programmes provide operators with clear direction on sampling frequency, number of samples needed and the steps to take if Listeria is detected in the processing environment or product.
"It is important to understand that finding this organism in the processing environment should not necessarily be seen as a bad thing. In fact, a detection can be a helpful indicator, as it means an operator's looking in the right places and is able to take appropriate steps before the product is contaminated," Marion says.
The revised Listeria Circular was published on May 20, 2010. All ready-to-eat seafood producers who operate under a Risk Management Programme are required to follow the Listeria Monitoring Programme for Ready-to-Eat Seafood by August 20, 2010. The exception is for those who have registered by then an alternative Listeria Monitoring Programme that provides an equivalent outcome as part of their Risk Management Programme.
NZFSA and NZSSC conducted workshops during June in Nelson and Auckland to assist affected producers with the implementation of the new programme and to explain the ideas and practical realities behind the monitoring regimes. Marion says the workshops provided a great opportunity to receive feedback from processors on any difficulties they had encountered so far in implementing the new monitoring programme.
More information can be found on NZFSA's website:
Published in Seafood, August 2010


Tuesday, 10 July 2012
Stonehenge - Mike Parker Pearson
By Robert John Langdon
MPP's book
Hawley's Diagram of the Aubrey Holes
Hawley's Diagram of the Aubrey Holes
One working four watching - modern archaeology in practice!!
One working four watching - modern archaeology in practice!!
Hawley's Drawing showing the new find.
Hawley's Drawing showing the new find.
So has MPP learnt something from this normal archaeological mess?
Thanks MPP, don't give up the day job!
Addendum - Feb 2013
Julian Richards excavating
Stonehenge -unexplained samples
(by Robert John Langdon)
 1. Excellent analysis Robert, Keep up the methodical work.
 Dr Stuart Love
 2. Thank you Stuart!
 I will be posting other 'views' based on the books findings this month - the new shop is very time consuming.
 3. The usual mix of shouting, misunderstanding,misrepresentation and errors. It would take too long to go through them all. Taking one short typical paragraph.
 There was nothing from MPP suggesting what you say about "earlier reports ". You mistakenly believed the cremation to be in the hole, despite being corrected on four occasions.The cremation wasn't found in the top soil, it was 10 cm into the chalk. MPP does not associate the deposit with the construction date of the Aubrey holes,if anything he associates it with the start of the monument's construction.
 1. Geo
 "Although Hawley hadn't fully excavated AH7 the cremation was not found in the bottom but to the side in a 10cm deep hole with a small piece of covering sarsen"
 The earlier report was FROM YOU on Brian's blog!! As always you was wrong yet AGAIN!! Hawley's diagram shows he did excavate the entire hole as the hole is not in the side but BESIDE the hole - buy yourself a dictionary for Christmas.
 MPP does date the Aubrey Holes with these cremations, including the cremation from Hole 32 found in the fill - you either need to buy a copy of the book or re-read it slowly!
 If you can't read accurately then look at the pictures!! The cremation is at the bottom and IN the top soil as shown from Hawley's drawings - which at present is the only scientific reference diagrams of the AH we can refer too.
 Clearly you are a source of 'tainted' information.
 4. Stuart, have you read the original,on which the "analysis " is based?
 1. Geocur
 I have not read the book,but I trust Robert's quotes to be accurate, unlike your own.
 Robert's analysis of the burial of the 'new cremation' which is 'beside' the stone hole clearly indicates that the hole was in use at the time of burial. Therefore, we can assume the Blue stone was resident, which make phase I older than current estimates.
 Dr Stuart Love
 2. Stuart, if you have not read the book how can you judge an analysis of it?
 What basis have you for not trusting my quotes? Can you give some examples where they are untrustworthy?
 5. You misunderstand simple prepositions, to the side does not mean inside. It took four attempts to explain before the penny dropped.If the earlier "report " was mine, note that I never used the term " in " as you claim when you say "Some earlier reports suggest this cremation was found in Aubrey Hole 7 " Reread and point out where I said "in ",once again typical misrepresentation.
 As also mentioned in that comment Hawley did not full excavate Aubrey Hole 7. If you had read the book you might have noted the comment " He's left (Hawley) a thin spread of chalk rubble undisturbed in the bottom ".Also note that you cannot tell from a diagram whether something has been fully excavated.
 You said "MPP associates it with the construction date of the Aubrey Holes " where the " it " is the recently discovered cremation. He does not. If he did quote him.
 You also misunderstand the term top soil,the cremation was 10 cm into the chalk which was under the top soil. I have pointed out various errors in two sentences, where is my "tainted " info?
 6. Geo
 Your pedantic nature makes your comments pointless as they misrepresent the truth and 'taint' the facts with irrelevance.
 As for "Also note that you cannot tell from a diagram whether something has been fully excavated." shows a total ignorance of field archaeology.
 Your observations do not add to the debate as they are puerile nonsense and quite frankly a waste of my valuable time.
 7. It's telling that there is no response to any of the points, only a resort to mild abuse and nothing of substance in relation to.
 1)"MPP associates it with the construction date of the Aubrey Holes " where was the quote to support that comment?
 2) "Hawley's diagram shows he did excavate the entire hole " This has been shown not to be the case i.e. refuted by this comment " He's left (Hawley) a thin spread of chalk rubble undisturbed in the bottom ". No response to that.
 3)" It was found … in the top soil " As had been pointed out it was not found in the top soil. Have a look at this image, (you may have to scroll down ).
 _URL_ you can see the site of the new find in relation to AH 7, note the stripped turf including the top soil in the background,the top soil immediately behind the bucket and the old chalk ground surface, i.e. not the top soil where the deposit was dug into.
 4)"Some earlier reports suggest this cremation was found in Aubrey Hole 7 ".This earlier "report " was supposedly from me, where was the quote showing I had suggested the cremation was "in" the hole?. This was a blinkered misconception of your own, anyone,Stuart? reading this who is interested can read the discussion at
 Where it will be clear that you believed the new cremation was in the hole before I had even contributed, and all my contributions were attempts to disabuse you of the that error. When you eventually understood you skulked off without no response,as can often be seen when the truth finally dawns or more likely your errors are pointed out on that blog.
 Mistakes are mistakes, face up to them, they confuse and worse, edifices get built upon them.
 1. Geo
 2) What's your point? We talk about Hawley's Diagram when you gave me your disinformation - now we know the truth its irrelevant.
 3) "We'd seen the dark spread of its SURFACE as soon as we took off the TURF," - if its on the surface its in the turf as well, otherwise it be UNDER the surface - that dictionary will be handy when you get it!
 4) If you quoted the book: " "we trowelled around the edges of the pit to find out whether there were other features - post holes and stakeholes - IN THE VICINITY. There was a small stake hole on the west side and to our surprise, a complete unexpected cremation burial CLOSE to the western edge of the hole." There would have been no problem and you (for once) would have made a POSITIVE contribution alas your puerile cryptic clue was designed to mislead.
 As for'sulking off' Brian blocked (yet again) my responses - like you he has his own agenda, which is little to do with the truth or archaeological debate.
 BY THE WAY, how is the care in the community project going?
 Nice to see they are giving you computer time again - they might even give you plastic knives and forks soon,if your good boy!
 2. 1) The comment from chapter 20 is very broad and tells us nothing new,it
 doesn't specify a direct association with the new burial and AH's and the
 comment would have been exactly the same even if the new burial had never
 been found. You may as well have said the he associates any other
 cremation with any other early feature.
 2) The point is that I mentioned that Hawley did not fully excavate the AH
 7 to which you replied "Hawley's diagram shows he did excavate the entire
 hole " this was shown to be wrong by the quote from MPP ie " He's left
 Anyone reading the comments on Brian's blogs can clearly see that you
 believed that the new find was in the AH. I was putting you right, as
 usual it takes time to sink in,when you realised the mistake you skulked
 off (note, skulked not sulked which wouldn't make sense ). If you
 believed it was disinformation why didn't you say so at that point, even
 better as I keep pointing out where did I say "in ". See 4)
 3) No,read more carefully, the dark


text:
the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, but European imports from Japan were insignificant. In 1690, Erik Odhelius, a prominent metallurgist, was dispatched by the King to survey the European metal market. Although copper production had already begun to decline by the time he made his report, something Odhelius made no secret of, he still stated "For the production of copper Sweden has always been like a mother, and although in many places within and without Europe some copper is extracted it counts for nothing next to the abundance of Swedish copper."
But by modern standards, the production was not large. The peak production barely reached 3,000 tonnes of copper, falling to less than 2,000 tonnes by 1665 and from 1710–1720 it was barely 1,000 tonnes per year. Present worldwide copper production is near 15 million tons
Peak copper is the point in time at which the maximum global copper production rate is reached. Since copper is a finite resource, at some point in the future new production from within the earth will diminish, and at some earlier time production will reach a maximum. When this will occur is a...
Copper production was declining during the 18th century and the mining company began diversifying. It supplemented the copper extraction with iron and timber production. Production of the iconic falu red
Falu red or Falun red is the name of a Swedish, deep red paint well known for its use on wooden cottages and barns. The paint originated from the copper mine at Falun in Dalarna, Sweden. The traditional colour remains popular today due to its effectiveness in preserving wood. In Finland, it is...
paint began in earnest. In the 19th century, iron and forest products continued to grow their importance. In 1881 gold was discovered in the Great Copper Mountain, resulting in a short-lived gold rush. A total of 5 tonnes of gold would eventually be produced.
But there was no escaping the fact that the mine was no longer economically viable. On December 8, 1992 the last shot was fired in the mine and all commercial mining ceased. Today the mine is owned by the Stora Kopparberget foundation which operates the museum and tours.
In 2001 the Great Copper Mountain was selected as a UNESCO World Heritage site, one of 12 in Sweden. In addition to the mine itself, the world heritage area also covers the town of Falun, including 17th century miners' cottages residential areas and Bergsmansbygden, a wider area which the free miners settled and often built estates mirroring their wealth.
The museum has around 100,000 visitors per year. It displays the history of mining at the Great Copper Mountain through the centuries; including production of minerals, models of machinery, tools and the people at the mine. It also has a large collection of portraits, starting from the 17th century, of significant people at the mine.


text:
|Born||October 5, 1841
Offenbach am Main, Grand Duchy of Hesse
|Died||April 1, 1876
Offenbach am Main, Grand Duchy of Hesse
|Era||19th century philosophy|
|Main interests||Metaphysics, psychology|
|Notable ideas||the Will to Die|
Philipp Mainländer (October 5, 1841 April 1, 1876) was a German poet and philosopher. Born as Philipp Batz, he later changed his name into Mainländer from adoration for his hometown Offenbach am Main.
In his central work Die Philosophie der Erlösung (The Philosophy of Redemption) —according to Theodor Lessing "perhaps the most radical system of pessimism known to philosophical literature" 1 —Mainländer proclaims that life is absolutely worthless, and that "the will, ignited by the knowledge that non-being is better than being, is the supreme principle of morality." 2
Born "as a child of marital rape" (German: als Kind ehelicher Notzucht3) on October 5, 1841, in Offenbach, Philipp Mainländer grew up the youngest of six siblings.
In 1856, on paternal instruction, Mainländer entered the commercial school of Dresden to become a merchant. Two years later, he was employed in a trading house in Naples, Italy, where he learned Italian and acquainted himself with the works of Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio, and – most notably – Leopardi. Mainländer would later describe his five Neapolitan years as the happiest ones of his life.
During this critical period of his life, Mainländer discovered Arthur Schopenhauer's central work The World as Will and Representation. Nineteen years old at the time, he would later describe the event as a penetrating revelation, referring to the month of February 1860 as the "most important of [his] life". 4 Indeed Schopenhauer would remain the most important influence on Mainländer's later philosophical work.
In 1863, Mainländer returned to Germany to work in his father's business. In the same year, he also penned the three part poem Die letzten Hohenstaufen ("The Last Hohenstaufen"). Two years later, on October 5, Mainländer's 24th birthday, his mother died. Deeply affected by this experience of loss, Mainländer began an ongoing turn away from poetry and towards philosophy. During the following years, he studied Schopenhauer, Kant – "not poisoned through Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, but rather critically strengthened through Schopenhauer"5)", Eschenbach's Parzival, and the classics of philosophy from Heraclitus to Condillac.
In March 1869, Mainländer worked in the banking house J. Mart. Magnus in Berlin with the declared goal of amassing a small fortune within a few years and then leading a decent life from the interest earnings. However, the stock market crash at the Wiener Börse on May 8, 1873 (Wiener Krach), totally ruined Mainländer and caused a sudden end to these plans. In 1873, Mainländer resigned from his post at the bank without really knowing what he would do afterwards.
Although his wealthy parents had bought off his military service in 1861, Mainländer – according to an autobiographic note – expressed the desire "to be absolutely in all things submitted to another one once, to do the lowermost work, to have to obey blindly"6 and sedulously undertook numerous attempts to serve with weapons. On April 6, 1874, Mainländer, already 32 years old, submitted a request directly to the emperor Wilhelm I of Germany which was granted resulting in his appointment to the Cuirassiers in Halberstadt, beginning September 28th. During the four months leading up to his conscription, Mainländer, obsessed with work, composed the first volume of his main work The Philosophy of Redemption.
Mainländer handed the completed manuscript to his sister Minna, asking her to find a publisher while he completed his military service. The author composed a letter to the as yet unknown publisher, requesting the omission of his birth name and substitution of the nom de plume "Philipp Mainländer", and stating that he would abhor nothing more than "being exposed to the eyes of the world" (German: "als den Augen der Welt ausgesetzt zu sein"7).
On November 1, 1875, Mainländer — originally committed for three years, but in the meantime, as he noted in a letter to his sister Minna, "exhausted, worked-out, […] at completely […] healthy body ineffably tired" (German: „verbraucht, worked out, […] bei vollkommen […] gesundem Körper unaussprechlich müde"8) — was prematurely released from military service, and traveled back to his hometown of Offenbach, where he — again having become obsessed with work — within a mere two months, corrected the unbound sheets of The Philosophy of Redemption, composed his memoirs, wrote down the novella Rupertine del Fino, and completed the 650-page second volume of his magnum opus.
From February of that year on, Mainländer's mental collapse — which has been compared to the collapse Nietzsche would suffer only years later9 — became apparent. Eventually, descending into megalomania and believing himself to be a messiah of social democracy,10 in the night on April 1, 1875, Mainländer hanged himself in his residence in Offenbach. A pile of voucher copies of The Philosophy of Redemption, which had arrived the previous day, had served as a pedestal. He was thirty-four years old.
Nietzsche's strong interest in Schopenhauer led him to read writers who were influenced by Schopenhauer. Such writers were Eduard von Hartmann, Julius Bahnsen, and Mainländer. He did not think that these authors were genuine German pessimists. Nietzsche mentioned Mainländer only once in his works.
Could one count such dilettantes and old maids as the sickeningly sentimental apostle of virginity, Mainländer, as a genuine German? … Neither Bahnsen, nor Mainländer, and especially Eduard von Hartmann, gives a secure handle regarding the question whether Schopenhauer's pessimism, his horrified look into a god–deprived, stupid, blind, insane, and questionable world, his honest horror, was not merely an exceptional case among Germans but was a German event.
— Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (The Gay Science), § 357
||Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (July 2010)|
- Theodor Lessing: Schopenhauer, Wagner, Nietzsche. Eine Einführung in die moderne Philosophie. Leipzig 1907. (in German: "vielleicht das radikalste System des Pessimismus, das die philosophische Literatur kennt.")
- Philipp Mainländer: Philosophie der Erlösung. Quoted after Ulrich Horstmann (Ed.): Vom Verwesen der Welt und anderen Restposten, Manuscriptum, Warendorf 2003, p. 85. (in German: "[der] von der Erkenntnis, daß Nichtsein besser ist als Sein, entzündete Wille [ist] das oberste Prinzip aller Moral.")
- Fritz Sommerlad: Aus dem Leben Philipp Mainländers. Mitteilungen aus der handschriftlichen Selbstbiographie des Philosophen. Printed in Winfried H. Müller Seyfarth (ed.): Die modernen Pessimisten als décadents. Texte zur Rezeptionsgeschichte von Philipp Mainländers ‚Philosophie der Erlösung'. p. 95
- Ibid., p. 98 (German: [den] bedeutungsvollsten Tag [seines] Lebens)
- Ibid., p. 102 (German: nicht durch Fichte, Schelling und Hegel vergiftet, sondern vielmehr durch Schopenhauer kritisch gestählt)
- Ibid., p. 88. (German: einmal unbedingt einem anderen in allem unterworfen zu sein, die niedrigste Arbeit zu tun, blind gehorchen zu müssen)
- Philipp Mainländer: Meine Soldatengeschichte. Tagebuchblätter. Quoted after Ulrich Horstmann (Ed.): Vom Verwesen der Welt und anderen Restposten. Manuscriptum, Warendorf 2003, p. 211
- Walther Rauschenberger: Aus der letzten Lebenszeit Philipp Mainländers. Nach ungedruckten Briefen und Aufzeichnungen des Philosophen. ‚Süddeutsche Monatshefte' 9, p. 121
- Ulrich Horstmann: Mainländers Mahlstrom. Über eine philosophische Flaschenpost und ihren Absender. In Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 508, 1989.
- Walther Rauschenberger: Aus der letzten Lebenszeit Philipp Mainländers. Nach ungedruckten Briefen und Aufzeichnungen des Philosophen


text:
Have you seen
panorama from another world lately?
Assembled from high-resolution scans
of the original film
frames, this one sweeps across the magnificent desolation of the
Apollo 11 landing site
on the Moon's Sea
Neil Armstrong looking out his window of
the Eagle Lunar Module, the frame at the far left
(AS11-37-5449) is the
first picture taken by a person on another world.
Toward the south, thruster nozzles can be seen in the
foreground on the left, while
at the right, the shadow of the Eagle is visible toward
For scale, the large, shallow crater on the right
has a diameter of about 12 meters.
Frames taken from the Lunar Module windows about an
hour and a half after landing, before
walking on the lunar surface,
were intended to initially document the landing site in case
an early departure was necessary.
- Panorama by Syd Buxton


text:
The Most Reliable Termite CompanyJanuary 31, 2020
Building Design and Maintenance Guidelines for Pest ControlJanuary 31, 2020
Pest control service in Malibu provides excellent services for dealing with unruly rodents. The qualified technicians follow a distinctive and proven method to control rodents. They have successfully managed rodents issues for many commercial as well as residential clients. The pest control technicians indulge in a lot of activities prior to and during rodent management programs. Have a quick check over the activities in the following:
- Assessment of factors favoring rodent activities
- Assessment of health and safety risk factors arising out of rodent infestation
- A thorough inspection of the premises to identify the rodent activities
- Assessment of storage practices and the sanitation measures
- Identification of the types of rodents and their activities
- Identification of target areas to be treated
- Guidance to the clients for the implementation of the specific rodent management program
- Selection of the particular rodenticide to be used as per the laws of local government
- Preparation for bait
- Treatment on the targeted areas
- Preparation for safeguarding the contamination effects of rodenticide, etc.
These activities ensure the rodents are dealt with firmly and their presence is fully eliminated. If you want to get rid of rodents, contact My Termite experts at pest control company in Altadena. Seek guidance and ask for a quote before hiring the service.


text:
Permanent URL to this publication: _URL_
Background: Cyanobacteria are one of the oldest and morphologically most diverse prokaryotic phyla on our
planet. The early development of an oxygen-containing atmosphere approximately 2.45 - 2.22 billion years ago is
attributed to the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria. Furthermore, they are one of the few prokaryotic
phyla where multicellularity has evolved. Understanding when and how multicellularity evolved in these ancient
organisms would provide fundamental information on the early history of life and further our knowledge of
complex life forms.
Results: We conducted and compared phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA sequences from a large sample of taxa
representing the morphological and genetic diversity of cyanobacteria. We reconstructed ancestral character
states on 10,000 phylogenetic trees. The results suggest that the majority of extant cyanobacteria descend from
multicellular ancestors. Reversals to unicellularity occurred at least 5 times. Multicellularity was established
again at least once within a single-celled clade. Comparison to the fossil record supports an early origin of
multicellularity, possibly as early as the "Great Oxygenation Event" that occurred 2.45 - 2.22 billion years ago.
Conclusions: The results indicate that a multicellular morphotype evolved early in the cyanobacterial lineage and
was regained at least once after a previous loss. Most of the morphological diversity exhibited in cyanobacteria
today —including the majority of single-celled species— arose from ancient multicellular lineages.
Multicellularity could have conferred a considerable advantage for exploring new niches and hence facilitated the
diversification of new lineages.
|Item Type:||Journal Article, refereed, original work|
|Communities & Collections:||07 Faculty of Science > Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies|
|DDC:||570 Life sciences; biology|
590 Animals (Zoology)
|Deposited On:||08 Mar 2011 19:55|
|Last Modified:||23 Nov 2012 17:45|
|Free access at:||Publisher DOI. An embargo period may apply.|
|WoS Citation Count:||9|
Users (please log in): suggest update or correction for this item
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
From MozillaZine Knowledge Base
about:config is a feature of Mozilla applications which lists application settings (known as preferences) that are read from the profile files prefs.js and user.js, and from application defaults. Many of these preferences are not present in the Options or Preferences dialog. Using about:config is one of several methods of modifying preferences and adding other "hidden" ones.
This article is a companion article for about:config entries where the most important about:config variables are described.
Warning: Modifying preferences can, in rare circumstances, break Firefox, Thunderbird or the Mozilla Suite, or can cause strange behavior. Only do so if you know what you are doing or are following trustworthy advice.
Adding modifying and resetting preferences
To add a new preference, context-click (right-click) anywhere in the list of preferences. In the context menu, select New then select the type of preference you are adding.
To modify an existing preference, context-click (right-click) on the preference, select Modify and type in the new value. In some cases, Toggle will be the selection offered for boolean (true-false) preferences.
To reset a preference to its default value or to remove an added preference, context-click (right-click) on the preference and select Reset. If you added the entry via about:config, the preference will no longer be listed after restarting the program. (For more information about resetting preferences, see this article).
You can use the "Search" bar at the top of the about:config page ("Filter" bar in older versions) to filter the preferences that you want to inspect. The search bar is case-insensitive, unlike the actual configuration variables.
Some examples to filter results:
Some examples of regular expressions (RegExp) to filter results


text:
Efficiency in transmissions
The manual and automatic transmissions from Audi are highly efficient. Irrespective of design, they have all been optimized with regard to internal friction and are notable for their wide gear-ratio spread.
The term "transmission spacing" refers to the transmission's gear-ratio range, that is, the ratio between the smallest ("closest") and the largest ("widest") gear. A wide gear-ratio spread allows for both sporty sprints in the lower gears and low revs at high speeds on the highway. The wider gear ratios in the top gears harmonize perfectly with the modern TDI, FSI and TFSI engines from Audi, which already provide hefty pulling power in the low rev range. This "downspeeding" results directly in lower fuel consumption.
In many Audi models, the transmission is integrated into the innovative thermal management system. Once the engine has heated enough coolant, a valve in the loop opens and the hot water flows on to the transmission-oil cooler – in turn decreasing friction losses due to cold oil. Almost all Audi transmission types are able to cooperate with the start-stop system – yet another way in which they add to the efficiency equation.
The multitronic, the seven-speed S tronic and the eight-speed tiptronic can also access route data from the navigation system. They thus incorporate upcoming curves in their gearshift strategy to avoid unnecessary gear changes on winding roads, for example.
For the propeller shaft, which directs power to the rear axle, Audi takes a systematic approach to lightweight design in many cases. In models such as the A8, the propeller shaft connects to the center differential by latching into a clamp connection. This solution delivers a weight saving of 1.3 kilograms (2.87 lb) vis-à-vis a traditional bolted flange coupling.


text:
The direct application of interpolation, smoothing or mean-value algorithms to complex valued frequency response data may cause interference patterns and, due to this, not yield the expected result. This paper demonstrates the effect of the use of continuous phase in a variety of example-applications, such as interpolation between two frequency response curves, complex smoothing with down-sampling using a logarithmic grid and forming mean values of a set of complex frequency response curves. The continuous phase-approach takes into account the multi-valued property of the exponential function of the phase term.
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers.


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I got this problem wrong on my homework, and I can't figure out why:
procedure Main is
 X: Integer;
 procedure Sub1 is
 X: Integer;
 begin -- of Sub1
 end; -- of Sub1
 procedure Sub2 is
 X: Integer;
 begin -- of Sub2
 end; -- of Sub2
begin -- of Main
end; -- of Main
The Question is: Assume the following Ada program was compiled and execute using static-scoping rules. What value of X is printed in procedure of Sub1? What if it was under dyncamic scoping rules?
I got 12 and 5 respectively, but this was marked incorrect. Why?
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closed as too localized by Erick Robertson, Deanna, Jack, Kris, BNL Oct 3 '12 at 13:18
3 Answers
Step through the program more carefully. Where is the value coming from in Sub1?
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Is it the new initialized integer? So what would X be if it's not declared with a value? 0? – kylex Mar 6 '09 at 23:32
I don't recall if Ada initializes variables for you or not. I'd have to go dig up my text book from the basement somewhere. I suspect yours is easier to get to ;-) – Ryan Graham Mar 6 '09 at 23:35
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Ada uses static (lexical) scoping rules, but even if it didn't it's hard to see what the Put(X) in Sub1 can be referring to other than the uninitialised X 2 lines above it. The value printed will likely depend on the OS, the compiler flags used and perhaps even the time of day.
After correcting the code, the answer (using various GNATs on Mac OS X) was 0 using -O2 for all of them, but without optimisation GCC 4.3.3 gets 42291, GNAT GPL 2009 (which is a 64-bit compiler) gets _PHONE_, and a recompilation of GNAT GPL 2009 for 32-bits gets 1.
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Hint: under static scoping it's uninitialized. Can you figure out why?
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text:
POJĘCIE RYZYKA I JEGO UMIEJSCOWIENIA (LOKALIZACJI) W PRAWIE UBEZPIECZEŃ GOSPODARCZYCH
THE NOTION OF RISK AND ITS PLACEMENT IN THE COMMERCIAL INSURANCE LAW
The article presents the notion of risk in the act on insurance activity, the adoption of which constitues an example of the absorption acquis. It has been noticed that the notional dispersion of risk present in the Polish law is inevitable even if certain connotations may bring about some reservations. A specific example of an implementation of the community law is the concept of placement of risk, which has two main functions in the Polish legal system: it is a connecting factor indicating relevant norms of competence and it serves as legal limitations for the supervisory body within the community freedom of rendering services. A review of the Polish legislation in this respect made the author to formulate remarks de lege ferenda.
- Obecnie brak jakichkolwiek odnośników.


How Dogs Show That Everything is Fine?
Although they cannot speak our language, pets have the ability to express their feelings and emotions in different ways.
How Dogs Show That Everything is Fine?
Last update: 14 February, 2018
Do you want to know if your dog is happy and icomfortable? Then keep reading the following article where we will tell you how your dog shows you that everything is fine.
Signs that everything is fine for my dog
As a pet owner, you certainly care about their well-being and want them to be happy all the time. But since your dog does not know how to talk and thank you for your care, we must pay attention to certain gestures or daily behaviors. If your dog does some (or several) of the following things, it is because everything is fine:
1. It always wants to play with you
The time of day or how old your dog is does not matter. If you show it a ball or a tree branch, it will wag its tail waiting for your next action. This often extreme happiness is related to your state of mind. You can play with your dog 5 minutes a day and make it the happiest creature in the world.
2. It never loses its appetite
Dogs resemble humans in many things. One of them is their appetite. When they eat voraciously it is because they are healthy and happy. Feeding without qualms is a sign of feeling comfortable in one place. On the other hand, if it leaves a part of the meal, if it sniffs the food and goes somewhere else or does not want to eat for two days, maybe you should take it to the vet.
3. Its eyes are relaxed
How can you tell? It's very easy: it blinks softly, its eyes are lovely and its pupils move slowly. When its eyes are narrowed and its eyes are piercing, it means that it is angry or aggressive.
Another way to detect a dog's good mood is through its mouth. Closed or slightly open with a slight grimace towards the sides as if it were smiling. And do not forget to watch their ears: relaxed, natural … not at all erect.
4. It wags its tail all the time
This is its way of expressing happiness par excellence. A dog at ease wags the tail from one side to the other and that movement also continues through its body. It is different when the tail is stiff and is the only thing that moves, because it means that it is on alert.
5. It sleeps and sleeps
Normally an adult dog sleeps about 16 hours a day (puppies up to 20) of which 10 are during the night. It also takes short naps during the day … but it has no problem waking up in a flash to play, walk, eat or relieve itself. Observe the appearance of the dog's face when it sleeps, because if it seems sad, it is because something is happening to it (it may be bored or sick, cold or in an uncomfortable place).
6. It lies belly up
When the pet lies out in such a way that it "shows" its belly to be stroked or scratched, it means that it trusts us, that it loves demonstrations of affection and that it is very happy. Being a sign of vulnerability in the pack, it is also related to trusting the other being (you in this case).
7. It jumps
In addition to wagging its tail like a pendulum, dogs have another way of expressing their happiness and appreciation for a situation: jumping! They will do it relative to their abilities (age, weight, physical condition, size, etc.), but even if it is a few centimeters, they will take off from the floor to tell you that they are happy and ready to play.
8. It wants to be by your side all the time
Have you ever thought about why dogs follow us to the bathroom? Because they love our company! For them, we are the leaders of the pack and they will not abandon us for anything in the world. That's why if your pet does not leave you, it's a good sign that it loves to be close to you.


text:
The NRCS uses a nine step planning process whenever it begins a project. The purpose of the steps is to develop and implement plans that protect, conserve, and enhance natural resources within a social and economic perspective.
Step 1: Identify
Planners take into account the current issues of the clientsâ€™ area and as planning continues, other problems and opportunities may be identified.
Step 2: Determine Objectives
A conservationist guides the process so that it includes the clientsâ€™ needs, values, resources used, and on-site and off-site ecological protection.
Step 3: Inventory Resources
An inventory of local resources is collected. (soil, water, animals, social and economical)
Step 4: Analyze Resource Data
After taking inventory, the resource data is studied to better understand the natural resource conditions.
Step 5: Formulate Alternatives
During this step multiple alternatives are considered to provide the client with the chance to consider several possibilities.
Step 6: Evaluate Alternatives
After planning alternate solutions, their effectiveness is determined in addressing the clientâ€™s current problem.
Step 7: Making Decisions
The landowner chooses which project or plan will work best for their situation. The planner prepares the documentation.
Step 8: Implement the Plan
The landowner carries out the conservation treatments that make up the planned conservation system.
Step 9: Evaluate the Plan
Follow up with the client is performed to evaluate operation and maintenance needs.


Birnbaum, while a noted biographer of Japanese women and their works, reminds us that she is "not writing the woman's story this time around." Her duty to Foujita, she believes, makes it necessary for her to take his point of view in everything. Still, Birnbaum does an outstanding job of presenting her main thesis, exploring in intriguing detail the artist's dilemma as a man between two countries and two cultures, and in the process she gives a vivid picture of the international art scene during the World Wars, background vital for understanding many of today's cultural clashes, misunderstandings, and surprising fusions. Written by: Kittye Delle Robbins-Herring, February 20th 2007 Tags: cats, Foujita, France, Japan, painter, painting, propaganda, women, World War II Books Phyllis Birnbaum Faber and Faber Inc. Kittye Delle Robbins-Herring cats Foujita France Japan painter painting propaganda women World War II Tue, 20 Feb 2007 20:07:00 +0000 admin 433 at


text:
- The rate of premature death has fallen steadily over the last decade for both men and women. In 2009, this rate was 223 per 100,000 males and 138 per 100,000 females, compared to 271 and 166 respectively a decade previously. This is a fall of around a fifth for both men and women.
- The rate of premature deaths is one and a half times as high among men as among women, as it was a decade ago.
- Premature death of men is much higher in Scotland than elsewhere, for both men and women. In 2009, this rate in Scotland was 287 per 100,000 males and 174 per 100,000 females. In the North West - the region with the second highest rates - the rates were 258 and 158 respectively. In the East of England - the region with the lowest rates - the rates were 185 and 119 respectively.
- Over the period 2006 to 2008 (the latest available data), men aged 25 to 64 from routine or manual backgrounds were twice as likely to die as those from managerial or professional backgrounds. Such social class differences exist for all the major causes of death, the two biggest of which are neoplasms (cancers) and circulatory diseases (including heart disease).
- Over the same period, women aged 25 to 59 from routine or manual backgrounds were also twice as likely to die as those from managerial or professional backgrounds. Note that social class allocations for women are considered to be less satisfactory than those for men.
View Graph as PDF (resizeable) Right click to save large version of Graph as PNG View Graph as PDF (resizeable) Right click to save large version of Graph as PNG View Graph as PDF (resizeable) Right click to save large version of Graph as PNG
Standardised Mortality Rates (SMRs) are a reliable illustrator of overall health inequalities.
There are a variety of ways of presenting SMRs. The chosen indicator is the proportion of those aged under 65 who die each year, providing an overall indicator of premature death, with the second graph showing the inequalities between different parts of the country.
The first graph shows the number of deaths of people aged under 65 per 100,000 population aged under 65, with the data shown separately for males and females.
The second graph shows, for the latest year, how the proportion of the population aged under 65 who died varies by region.
The map shows how the proportion of the population aged under 65 who died varies by local authority, with the data averaged for the latest three years.
The data source for the first graph and map is Mortality Statistics Division, ONS (England and Wales) and the General Register Office (Scotland). The data is not publicly available and relates to Great Britain. The data for the second graph comes from the same sources but with the addition of Northern Irish data from the Registrar General. All data has been standardised to a constant European age structure.
The third graph shows how death rates vary by social class, with data for men aged 25 to 64 and for women aged 25 to 59. The data is the average for 2006 to 2008 and covers England and Wales. The data source is the ONS publication Health Statistics Quarterly (HSQ), editions 47 - Autumn 2010 (for men) and 52 - Winter 2011 (for women). The data is the latest publicly available and the age group is the only one for which published data is available. All data has been standardised to a constant European age structure and the social class allocations are based on the individual's own occupation using the NS-SEC three class scheme. Note that, as discussed in the relevant HSQ reports, there may be some biases in the data arising from the use of the 2001 Census for the social class population denominators and the way that HSQ treats these possible biases appears to be a bit different for men and for women. Furthermore, as also discussed in HSQ, the social class allocations for women are less satisfactory than those for men and somewhat different figures are obtained if these allocations are done using a combined classification which also takes the husband's social class into account.
For men, the fourth and fifth graphs provide a further breakdown by cause of death (equivalent figures using the same three-way social class groupings are not available for women).
The fourth graph show the distribution of deaths among men aged 25 to 64 by cause. The data is for 2010 and covers England and Wales. The data source is ONS death registrations summary tables.
The fifth graph shows the death rates among men aged 25 to 64 by cause and social class. The data is the average for 2001 to 2003 and covers England and Wales. The data source is HSQ edition 38 - Summer 2008. The data is the latest publicly available and the age group is the only one for which published data is available.
In the fourth and fifth graphs, the grouping of causes is the only groupings for which social class data is available. Each death has been coded using the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), with malignant neoplasms (cancers) being ICD-10 codes C00-D48, heart and other circulatory diseases being codes I00-I99, digestive diseases being codes K00-K93, respiratory diseases being codes J00-J99, external causes being codes U509 plus V01-Y89 and other causes being all the other codes. All data has been standardised to a constant European age structure.
Overall adequacy of the indicator: medium. The underlying data are deaths organised according to the local authority area of residence of the deceased by the ONS in England and Wales and by the Registrar General for Scotland. The data by social class is, however, woefully out-of-date, as it is published only once a decade and is already six years out-of-date when first published.
- See the ESRC Health Variations Programme.
- See the Department of Health's Programme for action in tackling health inequalities,, which includes annually published status reports.
- See the Department of Health health inequalities website.
- See the ONS Health Statistics Quarterly publications (e.g. Nos. 52, 47, 45, 44 and 38).
- See Eurostat's atlas on mortality in the European Union.
Overall aim: Promote better health and well-being for all
Department of Health.
Official national targets
By 2010, increase the average life expectancy at birth in England to 78.6 years for men and to 82.5 years for women monitored using mortality rates as a proxy.
Reduce health inequalities by 10% by 2010 as measured by life expectancy at birth (monitored using AAACM as a proxy).
To reduce reducing adult (16+) smoking rates to 21% or less by 2010, with a reduction in prevalence among routine and manual groups to 26% or less.
Other indicators of progress
Proportion of people supported to live independently.
Access to psychological therapies.
Previous 2004 targets
Substantially reduce mortality rates by 2010:
- from heart disease and stroke and related diseases by at least 40 % in people under 75; with at least a 40 % reduction in the inequalities gap between the fifth of areas with the worst health and deprivation indicators and the population as a whole;
- from cancer by at least 20% in people under 75, with a reduction in the inequalities gap of at least 6% between the fifth of areas with the worst health and deprivation indicators and the population as a whole; and
- from suicide and undetermined injury by at least 20%.
Reduce health inequalities by 10% by 2010 as measured by infant mortality and life expectancy at birth.
|Year||Age-standardised deaths per 100,000 population|
|Age-standardised deaths per 100,000 population|
|Yorkshire and The Humber||224||147||186|
|Social class||Death rates per 100,000|
|Men aged 25 to 64||Women aged 25 to 59|
|Routine or manual backgrounds||415||236|
|Managerial or professional backgrounds||188||110|
|Cause of death among men aged 25 to 64|
|Heart and other circulatory diseases||27%|
|Social class||Death rates among men aged 25 to 64 per 100,000|
|Malignant neoplasms (cancers)||Heart and other circulatory diseases||Digestive diseases||Respiratory diseases|
|Routine or manual backgrounds||149||152||37||29|
|Managerial or professional backgrounds||92||74||16||10|


text: in that you want to your readers to 'buy' your opinion. Another best deal ON THE planet! Want to learn more? Narrative writing should tell the reader a good story that provides events from beginning to end. What you are writing about. Types of freshwater biomes include ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and even some wetlands. They provide oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. In the middle there is much more diversity in species.Many pieces of literature we read in school and everyday life fall into the category of narrative writing. Almost always the purpose of narrative writing is to entertain your reader. And narrative writing entertains. Expository writing informs your reader on something very specific, while in persuasive writing, you want to convince your reader. Lake Victoria in South Central Africa, as well as the Great Lakes of the Midwest.S. Where you going is your topic, how you are getting there is your type of writing, and who you are going with is your audience. Think of a persuasive piece of writing as an advertisement you would see. Examples of headwaters include springs, snowmelt, or even lakes. Let's not forget that freshwater biomes also give us many different opportunities for research and recreation. A single pond during the summer season could be up to 39 degrees Fahrenheit on the bottom and 72 degrees Fahrenheit on the top.