Calendar for mobile web browsers
You can use Google Calendar on almost any smartphone without downloading an app. Just go to in your mobile web browser. But if you have an Android phone or iPhone, it's simpler to sync with an app instead.
Get started
 1. Open the web browser on your phone or tablet (the same app you use to visit other websites).
 2. Go to
 3. Sign in to your Google Account.
View your calendar
View your day or month
Touch Day or Month at the top to switch between Day and Month view. Use the left and right arrows to go to other months and days. While in Month view, touch a day to see a list of the day's events.
You can always touch Today at the top to jump back to the current date.
View events while offline
If you recently viewed an event in Google Calendar on a mobile browser, you'll still be able to see your event when you don't have access to an Internet connection. You'll only be able to view events, not add or edit them.
Data stored on your device
When you access Google Calendar on your mobile browser, data may be stored on your device for improved performance. You may be able to access and clear this information in your browser's settings. For example, you can clear data for individual websites with Chrome for Android using these directions. Visit the help center for your browser to learn how to clear website data stored on your device.
Create & edit events
Add a new event
 1. Go to in your mobile web browser.
 2. In the top right corner, touch the plus icon +.
 3. Type in a title and choose the date and time.
 4. You can invite someone to your event by typing the person's email address under "Add a person to this meeting." They'll receive an invitation email.
 5. When you're done, touch Save at the top.
Note: You may not be able to add events if your web browser isn't supported. You can try downloading another popular web browser.
Edit and delete events
 1. Go to in your mobile web browser.
 2. Open the event you want to edit by going to the day, then touching the event.
 3. To edit the event, touch Edit in the top right. Make changes and touch Save.
 4. To delete the event, touch Delete in the top right.
Hide or show individual calendars
If you have multiple calendars in your account, you can choose whether to hide or show each calendar. When you hide a calendar, the events on that calendar won't show up when you view your schedule.
 1. Go to in your mobile web browser.
 2. Touch Settings at the bottom.
 4. Touch Save in the top right.
The mobile browser version of Google Calendar doesn't support notifications. However, if you'd like to get notifications on your phone, you can sync with an app instead. Learn more about syncing with mobile.
If you get an "Invalid certificate" or "Could not verify domain" error, or are generally experiencing problems accessing Google Calendar, your mobile browser may not be supported. Here are a few things you can try:
 - Download a different browser on your phone.
 - Make sure cookies are turned on for your browser. Look in the settings of your mobile browser.
 - Instead of using a mobile browser, sync with a mobile app.
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m (linked to future monopod page)
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Revision as of 21:56, 13 July 2006
To prevent parallax problems, panographers often use a tripod or monopod in conjunction with panoramic heads to place the no-parallax point of the camera at the centre of rotation. A cheaper and more portable alternative is to shoot handheld and use a philopod to keep the camera in position.
Philopods are named after Philippe Hurbain who describes the Philopod technique on his website.
A philopod is basically a piece of string tied around the no-parallax point on the lens, a weight at the other end of the string allows the camera to be positioned over a feature on the ground.
This may not be quite as accurate as a properly calibrated panoramic head, but there are other advantages:
- Speed of set-up.
- No tripod that needs to be painted out of the nadir.
- Ability to use small variations in pitch angles to capture the entire scene without separate zenith and nadir shots.
This last technique should be a separate tutorial, but the simplest variation is to shoot four portrait fisheye pictures around at 90 degrees apart. If the first and third images are tilted down by 10 degrees or so, they capture the nadir with a good overlap - The second and fourth images can be tilted-up similarly to capture the zenith.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Division of Rheumatology offers conferences, grand rounds and other events to help physicians better understand rheumatic diseases and how they can affect other medical conditions.
These events include:
- Clinical Conferences. Patient centered and outcome focused, these conferences bring interesting or challenging cases on the consultative service for discussion in detail by rheumatology fellows. An academic and scholarly discussion of the disease or therapeutic challenge illustrated by the case is also held. Literature reviews are used to back up the presentation.
- Grand Rounds and Continuing Medical Education. These bring outside experts in rheumatology to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center to present the latest advances to attending physicians. Topics presented include advances in the understanding of the cause of an illness, how to treat or manage difficult clinical problems, advances in finding a cure for rheumatic diseases or information on the risks and benefits of new therapies for rheumatic diseases.
- Journal Club. This presents an opportunity for fellows to distill and present in-depth scholarly reviews of recent studies in the literature are distilled to the Division of Rheumatology. The Grand Rounds outside expert attends this Journal Club and brings his/her special expertise and focus to the discussion. This gives fellows an opportunity to learn how to read and critique an article or study and present it to their peers. At the same time it offers attending physicians in the Division of Rheumatology exposure to a wide range of literature on new techniques for diagnosing and treating rheumatic diseases as well as information on disease processes, prognoses and outcomes.
- Radiology Conference. This monthly conference is designed to assist attending staff and medical residents and fellows to interpret and understand the anatomic and pathologic features of various forms of arthritis to make a diagnosis quickly and accurately, The conference covers the latest imaging techniques from plain X-rays to computer tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interesting and challenging cases are brought by those attending for a radiologist to interpret for the group. Discussion focuses on how to make a diagnosis based on the findings as well as how to understand the disease process.
- Research Conference. This conference discusses topics of extreme academic and research interest and is intended to lead to the development of collaborative, often multidisciplinary, research projects. Visiting or guest lecturers present short topics and lead a wide-ranging discussion to generate research ideas and projects. Rheumatology Division members are able to discuss their own ideas in order to generate research projects. The Rheumatology Division registry and database decisions are reviewed in this meeting so that input from all Division members can be obtained.
- The Wallace Research Conference. Dr. Daniel Wallace selects a topic of importance in the management of patients. Rheumatology fellows research the literature on the topic and discuss their findings to gain a greater understanding of the disease process. The conference focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of systemic illness as well as the clinical features of the disease. Outside experts attend this conference to lend their expertise when appropriate.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Five new names have been approved for Mars: Angustus Labyrinthus, Chronius Mons, Promethei Mons, Sisyphi Tholus, and Thyles Montes. The names Australis Patera, Angusta Patera, and Cavi Frigores have been marked as dropped in the database. New imagery has shown that the two paterae were named using the wrong descriptor term, and the area previously named Cavi Frigores has been incorporated into the adjacent Cavi Angusti.
The definition of the descriptor term labyrinthus has been expanded from "Complex of intersecting valleys" to "Complex of intersecting valleys or ridges."
See the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature for more information.


text: Perpendicular recording technology has recently been introduced in hard disk drives for computer and consumer electronics applications. Although conceptualized in the late 1970s, making a product with perpendicular recording that has competing performance, reliability, and price advantage over the prevalent longitudinal recording technology has taken about three decades. One reason for the late entry of perpendicular recording is that the longitudinal recording technology was quite successful in overcoming many of its problems and in staying competitive. Other reasons are the risks, problems, and investment needed in making a successful transition to perpendicular recording technology. Iwasaki and co-workers came up with many inventions in the late 1970s, such as single-pole head, CoCr alloy media with a perpendicular anisotropy, and recording media with soft magnetic underlayers [S. Iwasaki and K. Takemura, IEEE Trans. Magn. 11, 1173 (1975); S. Iwasaki and Y. Nakamura, ibid. 14, 436 (1978); S. Iwasaki, Y. Nakamura, and K. Ouchi, ibid. 15, 1456 (1979)]. Nevertheless, the research on perpendicular recording media has been intense only in the past five years or so. The main reason for the current interest comes from the need to find an alternative technology to get away from the superparamagnetic limit faced by the longitudinal recording. Out of the several recording media materials investigated in the past, oxide based CoCrPt media have been considered a blessing. The media developed with CoCrPt-oxide or CoCrPt–SiO2 have shown much smaller grain sizes, lower noise, and larger thermal stability than the perpendicular recording media of the past, which is one of the reasons for the success of perpendicular recording. Moreover, oxide-based perpendicular media have also overtaken the current longitudinal recording media in terms of better recording performance. Several issues that were faced with the soft underlayers have also been solved by the use of antiferromagnetically coupled soft underlayers and soft underlayers that are exchange coupled with an antiferromagnetic layer. Significant improvements have also been made in the head design. All these factors now make perpendicular recording more competitive. It is expected that the current materials could theoretically support areal densities of up to 500–600 Gbits/in.2. In this paper, the technologies associated with perpendicular recording media are reviewed. A brief background of magnetic recording and the challenges faced by longitudinal recording technology are presented first, followed by the discussions on perpendicular recording media. Detailed discussions on various layers in the perpendicular recording media and the recent advances in these layers have been made. Some of the future technologies that might help the industry beyond the conventional perpendicular recording technology are discussed at the end of the paper.


text: Perinatal nursing and neonatal nursing both have a scientific base upon which to base care, and great strides have been made in translating research into practice in both of these specialties. However, barriers still exist for nurses in implementing evidence-based perinatal and neonatal care. Patient, provider, and systems factors that influence how evidence is translated into practice are discussed. Suggestions for how to implement practice change when evidence is inadequate are also discussed. Finally, examples of how the scientific base for both perinatal nursing and neonatal nursing can be more efficiently implemented are outlined on the basis of the state of implementation science in the United States today.


Etude No. 21 in F major
43 in stock (can be backordered)
of a soft expression
Etude for both hands: to tie and highlight a melody on drums set by sixths.
The difficulty that the next study will present to the student is that, in similar passages, the left hand is not lower than the right, and that when it highlightd the singing part of the drums, it is without weight or stiffness. This piece, of a gentle expression, must be played softly, and almost always SOTTO VOCE. The student will hold his hands close to the keyboard, and raise his fingers little above the keys. If the movement of the fingers were not perfectly free, it would be necessary, to overcome this obstacle, and until it is entirely free, to renounce to put expression in the play; because nothing hinders more the mechanical execution than to want to make express with the hand what is still beyond its means. (H. de Montgeroult)
Additional information
Weight 160 g
Dimensions 32 × 22.5 × 0.5 cm


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Tensile Testing of Steel
Tensile Testing of Steel
Sample of steel is subjected to a wide variety of mechanical tests to measure their strength, elastic constants, and other material properties as well as their performance under a variety of actual use conditions and environments. Tensile test is one of them. Other tests are hardness test, impact test, fatigue test, and fracture test. These mechanical tests are used to measure how a sample of steel withstands an applied mechanical force. The results of such tests are used for two primary purposes namely (i) engineering design (e.g. failure theories based on strength, or deflections based on elastic constants and component geometry), and (ii) quality control either by the producer of steel to verify the process or by the end user to confirm the material specifications.
Uniaxial tensile test is known as a basic and universal engineering test to achieve material parameters such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), % elongation, % area of reduction and young's modulus. Tensile testing is done for many reasons. The results of tensile tests are used in selecting materials for engineering applications. Tensile properties are often included in material specifications to ensure quality. Tensile properties are also normally measured during development of new materials and processes, so that different materials and processes can be compared. Also, tensile properties are generally used to predict the behaviour of a material under forms of loading other than uniaxial tension.
Safely withstanding the expected maximum load without permanent deformation (or to stay within the specified deflection) is a basic requirement for a steel product. The 'resistance' against the load is a function of the cross-section and the mechanical properties (or in other words the 'strength') of the steel material. Tensile testing is done to determine the mechanical properties of the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation.
It is known from basic principles that a tensile stress tends to pull a member apart, a compressive stress tends to crush or collapse a body, a shear stress tends to cleave a structural member, and a bending stress tends to deflect a member. The allowable torsional stress which the steel material can tolerate is measured by shear strength, and the allowable bending stress which the steel material can tolerate is based on the tensile properties. This is because bending puts the outer fibers of steel member in tension.
Elastic and plastic deformation
A straight piece of steel wire or strip, rigidly held at one end, bent by a small load to a few degrees, normally 'spring back' to its original shape when the load is released. By placing a double load at the end of the steel sample, the rate of deflection is then twice as high but the sample still returns to its original shape when the load is taken off. In other words, the sample is loaded within its 'elastic' range.
After increasing the load and the deflection to a certain limit, the sample no longer returns to its original shape upon the removal of the load. At that load, the sample remains 'permanently' deformed since the stresses in the steel material exceeded the yield strength limit. Similar occurrences can be observed with springs. The linear relation between load and deflection is utilized in the 'spring balance' scale but the load is always kept safely within the elastic range of the spring. If a spring is stretched over its elastic range (over yield limit), then it will not spring back to its original shape. This permanent deformation is known as plastic deformation.
The response of steel material response to the three major forms of stresses namely (i) tension, (ii) compression, and (iii) shear, can be measured on a universal testing machine. This machine can pull axially on a test sample (tensile load) or push on a test sample to measure response to compression loading. Shear tests are run by loading a pin in a special fixture.
Tensile test sample (Fig 1) has enlarged ends or shoulders for gripping. The 'dog-bone' shape ensures that the sample breaks in the centre and not in the grip area. The important part of the sample is the gauge section. The cross-sectional area of the gauge section is reduced relative to that of the remainder of the sample so that deformation and failure is localized in this region. The gauge length is the region over which measurements are made and is centered within the reduced section. The distances between the ends of the gauge section and the shoulders are to be large enough so that the larger ends do not constrain deformation within the gauge section, and the gauge length is to be great relative to its diameter. Otherwise, the stress state is more complex than simple tension. The sample size and shape is to conform to a national or international standard.
Fig 1 Typical tensile test sample
There are several ways of gripping the sample. These are (i) the end may be screwed into a threaded grip, (ii) it may be pinned, (iii) butt ends may be used, or (iv) the grip section may be held between wedges. There can be other methods also. The most important aspect in the selection of a gripping method is to ensure that the sample can be held at the maximum load without slippage or failure in the grip section. Bending is required to be minimized.
Tensile testing is normally carried out in the universal testing machines (UTM) (Fig 2). These machines test materials in tension, compression, or bending. Their primary function is to create the stress-strain diagram. Universal testing machines are either electro-mechanical or hydraulic. The principal difference is the method by which the load is applied. Electro-mechanical testing machines are based on a variable-speed electric motor, a gear reduction system, and one, two, or four screws which move the crosshead up or down. This motion loads the sample in tension or compression. Crosshead speeds can be changed by changing the speed of the motor. A micro-processor-based closed-loop servo system can be implemented to accurately control the speed of the crosshead. Hydraulic testing machines are based on either a single or dual-acting piston which moves the crosshead up or down. However, most static hydraulic testing machines have a single acting piston or ram. In a manually operated machine, the operator adjusts the orifice of a pressure-compensated needle valve to control the rate of loading. In a closed-loop hydraulic servo system, the needle valve is replaced by an electrically operated servo valve for precise control.
Fig 2 Universal testing machines
Universal testing machine applies a tensile load when one end of the test sample is attached to the movable crosshead with the other end fixed to a stationary member. The crosshead is then driven in such a manner as to pull the sample apart. Compressive loading is achieved by driving the crosshead against short stubby cylinders placed on the stationary machine plate. Attachments are used to hold various shaped specimens, but tensile sample is usually made in a 'dog-bone' shape.
The sample is placed in the testing machine and a force F is applied. A mechanical or electrical device – strain gauge or extensometer is used to measure the amount that the sample stretches between the gauge marks when the force is applied until the specimen fails. The stretch, both elastic (recoverable) and plastic (permanent), is converted into strain by division of the change in length (extension or elongation) by the original length. Using the original cross-sectional area of the sample, the load F is converted into stress, and an engineering stress-strain diagram is obtained.
Engineering stress, or nominal stress, S, is defined as S = F/A0 where F is the tensile force and A0 is the initial cross-sectional area of the gauge section. Engineering strain, or nominal strain, e, is defined as e = (L-L0)/L0 where L0 is the initial gauge length (original distance between the gauge marks), and L is the distance between the gauge marks after force F is applied. When force-elongation data are converted to engineering stress and strain, a stress-strain diagram that is identical in shape to the force-elongation diagram (Fig 3) can be plotted. The advantage of dealing with stress versus strain rather than load versus elongation is that the stress-strain curve is essentially independent of the dimensions of the sample.
Fig 3 Typical force-elongation diagram and stress-strain diagram
During elastic deformation, the engineering stress-strain relationship follows the Hook's Law and the slope of the curve indicates the Young's modulus (E). E = S/e
Young's modulus is of importance where deflection of materials is critical for the required engineering applications. This is e.g. deflection in structural beams is considered to be crucial for the design in engineering components or structures such as bridges, buildings, ships, etc. The applications of tennis racket and golf club also require specific values of spring constants or Young's modulus values.
Yield strength and yield point
By considering the stress-strain diagram beyond the elastic portion, if the tensile loading continues, yielding occurs at the beginning of plastic deformation. The yield stress, Ys, can be obtained by dividing the load at yielding (Fy) by the original cross-sectional area (A0) of the sample (Ys=Fy/A0).
The yield point can be observed directly from the load-elongation diagram of the BCC metals such as iron and steel especially low carbon steels. The yield point elongation phenomenon shows the upper yield point followed by a sudden reduction in the stress or load till reaching the lower yield point. At the yield point elongation, the sample continues to elongate without a significant change in the stress level. Load increment is then followed with increasing strain. This


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Wednesday, November 08, 2006
No two microchips are exactly the same, even if they come from the same factory and production line. But US Navy researchers think this quirk of modern manufacturing could be turned into an advantage, as it provides a clever way to authenticate the microchips used in many modern ID cards.
Each chip has hundreds of thousands of transistors and wires that all vary very slightly in size and qualities, meaning no two chips are truly identical. These differences are not enough to affect the way each chip works but can be detected by sending signals through each device and measuring the resulting delays.
These variations can be used to generate a unique identifying code for each chip. The code could be held by an authenticating party, like a bank, and then checked each time the card is used in a reader. If someone tries to clone the card, the reader will warn that the chip's electrical signature does not match that of the original.
Read the full smart-card fingerprints patent application


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Here's the Easy Way to Text a GIF
Sometimes life requires more than words to explain the way we really feel, which is why GIFs have become our go-to for sharing the highs and lows of day-to-day life. The one place we were missing this crucial form of communication: on our phones. Luckily, times have changed, and sending GIFs via iMessage is actually possible. Now that we've found a way for you to share your deepest, darkest emotions from your phone, scroll down to grab the fast how-to you need to know!
The Steps to Sending a GIF on an iPhone:
- Find your GIF of choice in Safari.
- Tap and press on the GIF you wish to use.
- When the word Copy appears, tap it to copy your GIF.
- Open iMessage.
- In the text box, press down again until the word Paste appears.
- Click to paste your GIF (it will look like a still image, but once sent, it will animate).
- Congrats! You have successfully sent your first GIF iMessage.


Threads from the Web of Life: Stories in Natural History
Stephen Daubert, Author
Stephen Daubert, Author, illus. by Chris Daubert. Vanderbilt Univ. $24.95 (162p) ISBN 978-0-8265-1509-4
Portable Document Format (PDF) - 177 pages - 978-0-8265-9205-7
Open Ebook - 176 pages - 978-1-282-45205-3
Show other formats
Daubert illustrates 16 ecological processes with lively narratives in which he envisions how it might feel to be at the center of the action: for example, traveling with a green sea turtle from its feeding grounds in Brazil to its nesting beaches 2,000 kilometers away on Ascension Island in the eastern Atlantic; riding whirling air currents with migrating American white pelicans; or fleeing from a predator swordfish with a school of neon flying squid. Some of the tales cover evolutionary events taking place over millions of years, such as the account of the tarweed plant that five million years ago made an ocean voyage from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Hawaiian archipelago, where it metamorphosed into the silver sword plant. Each of these happenings is a thread in the intricate web of life, and Daubert, a molecular scientist at the University of California, Davis, demonstrates that these threads are easily broken by humans, as when overkill by commercial whalers depletes a food source for creatures that feed on whale carcasses. His natural history tales are instructive and entertaining, and each is followed by an annotation explaining the science behind it. Illus. not seen by PW. (Feb.)
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Primary Education: The Key Concepts
By Denis Hayes
Published December 22nd 2005 by Routledge – 214 pages
Series: Routledge Key Guides
Presenting a balance of theoretical insight and practical advice, this text is a clear and accessible guide to the key issues relating to primary education. Alphabetically arranged and fully cross-referenced to ensure ease of use, entries include both curriculum specific terms, as well as those that are more generic, such as:
Written by an experienced teacher and lecturer, this is a concise yet comprehensive text that takes into account the everyday realities of teaching. Readable and user-friendly, it is a first-class resource for the primary practitioner at all levels.


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- Initial OPT Year - 90 Day Limit
- STEM Authorization – additional 60 days (150 Day Limit, aggregate for both OPT authorizations)
Authorization for OPT means you must seek and begin employment related to your degree within 90 days of the start date on your EAD card. Employment must be reported. It is a serious violation of visa status to be unemployed past the time limitation. Your F-1 status would be in peril and your OPT authorization will end early. You must be in status to keep an employment authorization or apply for a new authorization.
Days of unemployment are limited!
The regulations establish a 90-day limit for unemployment during the first OPT authorization. Once authorized for a STEM Extension of OPT an additional 60 days are allowed for a total of 150 days. In the STEM period, and unemployment days from the first OPT count toward the 150-day total.
- Anyone authorized for Post-Completion OPT or STEM OPT must count the days they are unemployed click here.
- The 90-day limit is also in effect for ABD students on Post-Completion OPT
- Every day is counted including Saturday and Sunday
- Cap-Gap period is included in the 90-day limit
- The count is an aggregate number, all periods of unemployment are added together
Students who are authorized for pre-completion OPT (meaning authorized OPT taking place prior to coursework completion) are not required to count days of unemployment.
Serious consequences for exceeding the period of unemployment
If you exceed the limit for unemployment you have violated your status unless you take one of the following actions:
- Apply to continue your education by a change of level or transferring to another Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified school
- Depart the United States
- Take action to otherwise maintain legal status
Days of unemployment are counted during travel outside the United States
Take care planning travel outside of the United States while unemployed. If you are authorized for OPT the days you are unemployed after the start date on the EAD card are counted even while you are outside of the United States.
- the 90-day limit for Initial OPT (1 year)
- 150-day limit for 24-Month Extension of OPT (include number of unemployed days from Year One of OPT)
If your travel is part of your job responsibility or during a period of leave authorized by your employer the time spent outside the United States will not count as unemployment.
Review the information on Kinds of Employment Allowed During Initial OPT and STEM OPT
If you have questions about unemployment, e-mail us at _EMAIL_ so we can assist you.


10.3886/ICPSR03719.v2 Nelson, Edward E. Sociology of Religion: Exercises Using General Social Surveys, 2000-2002 [Instructional Materials] Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research 2003 Bible Christianity church attendance instructional materials instructional modules pornography prayer religion religious attitudes religious behavior religious beliefs religious fundamentalism social issues sociology 2003-11-21 2005-01-07 2000 2002 survey data 3719 2 These instructional materials were developed from GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEYS, _PHONE_: [CUMULATIVE FILE], compiled by James A. Davis, Tom W. Smith, and Peter V. Marsden. The data file (an SPSS portable file) and accompanying documentation are provided to assist educators in instructing students about religion and social issues in the United States in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. An instructor's handout has also been included. This handout contains the following sections, among others: (1) an exercise using General Social Surveys data to create and validate a measure of religiosity, and then to relate the measure to other social variables, (2) an exercise using General Social Surveys data to explore the relationship between religiosity and other social variables using crosstabulation (focusing on twoand three-variable relationships) and to explore the concepts of explanation, spuriousness, and replication, and (3) an exercise using General Social Surveys data to create a measure of religious fundamentalism and to explore the relationship between this measure and various forms of religious behavior and opinions on social issues. The data contain information on the attitudes of a national probability sample of adults 18 years of age and older on a range of social and political issues. For this instructional subset, some variables were recoded and some new variables were created to facilitate analysis. Variables in the dataset include responses to questions on family and gender roles, abortion, sex and sexual materials, personal morals and social mores, social control, general political attitudes, and socioeconomic status.


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Free Surface Tank Filling CFD Simulation
This animation, created by Caedium Professional, shows a transient multiphase CFD simulation of water filling a tank that is initially filled with air. The free surface is shown as blue for the air-side surface and red for the water-side surface. Each frame of the animation was automatically rendered by POV-Ray (a ray-tracer) through Caedium.
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For such a simple geometry it is worth the extra effort to produce a multi-block hexahedra mesh. This means constraining the geometry during construction to be volumes with 6 faces. Once complete the multiple volumes can then be connected at common faces to form a continuous flow domain.
With a constrained multi-block topology the meshing can then produce hexahedra cells. Typically hexahedra are more accurate for CFD simulations compared to other element shapes.
Rather than post process a huge amount of flow data (there were 600 frames in the movie) after the simulation was finished to create the movie, Caedium simultaneously initiated each frame render in POV-Ray while the simulation was running.
For comparison a native (non-ray traced) render of the same frame is shown below:
Checkout Caedium tutorials on:
- Multi-block topology construction at "Water Tank"
- Movie creation for a tank filling simulation at "Transient Water and Air Flow in a Tank"
See "POV-Ray" for instructions on using it to render movie frames in Caedium.
Recent blog posts
- Perfect Gifts for CFDers
- Intuition and Fluid Dynamics
- Turbulence Model Selection
- Double Diffusers and F-Ducts Explained
- Fluid Dynamics News: Hydraulic Capsule Pipelines and Fish Farming Sea Cages
- Symmetry for CFD to the Rescue
- Amazing 3D Maze Solved by CFD
- Amazing CFD
- In Search of The Remaining 20 in The Pareto 80-20 Rule
- Never Settle For Facets


text: This article focuses on consumers' unconscious counter-reactions to incidentally received advertising appeals. Recipients can be influenced automatically by incidental ad exposure due to evaluative conditioning processes, mere-exposure effects, or priming events. However, it is assumed that such processes, especially priming events, can also lead to automatic counter-reactions. To test this assumption experimentally, the type of ad exposure was systematically varied between focused, incidental, and control. Among other variables participants' response latencies to consumption-critical word pairs in comparison to neutral pairs were measured to assess the ability to counter-react received advertising information. Response latencies were considerably lower in the focused and incidental test conditions than they were in the control group. Since participants in the incidental group were only able to analyze the ads preattentively, results indicate an automatic activation of consumption-critical motives or cognitions—critical associations were more available here. Thus, results provisionally support the underlying hypothesis.


Auto-Assemblage is an ongoing series of works (started in 2016) that are the result of an evolving eco-system between studio material, computer program and artist. The work involves using spare parts, scrap and accumulated material in the studio; selected elements from this archive are drawn up as 3D models using computer aided design software. Once a piece of material is drawn it is then connected to another, developing and growing into a connected 'mass'.
Various rules and instructions are coded in this process through using both software physics (density, solidity, affect of gravity etc) and random co-ordinate generation in order for the computer to create the object. By structuring these variables in this way, the process is akin to placing the artist as technician for the machine.
This hyrbid digital models are then used as 'guides' for making them out of the original material in as close an aproximation as that which hand manufacture will allow.
As the material in the studio changes at any one time, and new instructions/rules are developed, the resulting artworks continue to develop in unexpected ways.


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Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data are valuable for developing digital elevation models. The LIDAR point cloud also contains features beyond just the points representing bare earth. This webinar focuses on quality control checks on LIDAR datasets and feature extraction (specifically building footprints) from the LIDAR point cloud.
- Alan Lulloff, PE, CFM - ASFPM Flood Science Center
- Lewis Graham - Chief Technical Officer, GeoCue Group Inc.
- Webinar Logistics - Jason Hochschild, ASFPM Flood Science Center
- Introduction - Alan Lulloff
- LIDAR QA/QC - Lewis Graham
- Building Footprint Feature Extraction - Lewis Graham


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Learn something new every day
More Info... by email
Hendiadys is a literary device used to emphasize the meaning and drama of a sentence or phrase. When translated from the Greek, hendiadys literally means "one through two." It involves joining two nouns together with the conjunction and instead of simply listing a noun and a descriptive adjective. From the time the Greeks coined this phrase, authors have used this device to underscore their works with a double-punch of meaning instead of just using modifiers. Not all nouns joined by conjunctions are examples of hendiadys.
It is important, when studying literature, to be able to separate the examples of hendiadys from simple lists of words. For instance, when Shakespeare writes "sound and fury" in Macbeth, this phrase could be rewritten to become "furious sound." One of the words in these phrases can always be turned into a modifier, and this is a simple way to identify them. "Vigor and verve" instead of "vigorous verve" and "nice and warm" instead of "nicely warm" are two well-known examples of this device.
The phrase "cheese and crackers" is not an example of this device because neither 'cheese' nor 'crackers' can be turned into a modifier. One might say "cheesy crackers," but this paints the picture of cheese-flavored crackers while "cheese and crackers" brings to mind a picture of crackers topped with slices of cheese. When using hendiadys, the conjoined phrase and the modifier phrase it could become mean the same thing. In the above example "sound and fury" and "furious sound" both help the reader picture some great explosion or violent storm.
Authors who believe in concise writing may not be fans of hendiadys because it stretches out phrases that could otherwise be condensed. In modern, realistic writing, this literary device is not often used. When it is, it is often carefully placed around the climax of the work to heighten the drama of the moment. Separating a modifier phrase into two separate nouns seems to split the meaning of the phrase, giving it double the power. While authors in centuries past sometimes used this device with abandon, many modern authors eschew it unless the situation calls for something really dramatic.
The Bible contains hundreds of cases of hendiadys, the majority of them pushing the prose forward and infusing it with semantic meaning. For instance, the verse "For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory," actually creates a phrase with two possible modifiers. The sentence could become "Thy glorious and powerful kingdom" or "Thy gloriously powerful kingdom." This example of extended hendiadys is relatively rare, usually the phrase only includes two nouns.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


text:
- stannous •
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Made of, containing, or otherwise pertaining to tin.
Notes: The active ingredient in fluoride toothpaste is stannous fluoride (SnF2), an antimicrobial chemical that bonds with the enamel to deter the effects of the acid and plaque buildup that eat away at the enamel. The acids and plaque are produced by microorganisms enjoying the carbohydrates and sugars in our mouths (another reason for reducing sugar and carbs). Of course, don't overdo it: you don't want stannous teeth like those of Jaws in the James Bond movies Moonraker and The Spy who Loved me.
In Play: The term stannous fluoride sounds so scientific that it is easy to overlook the fact that it refers to a common household metal. This word would have come in handy earlier in the century when wags called Henry Ford's Model T a Tin Lizzy. Owners could have retorted, "'Tis a Stannous Elizabeth that I own." It says the same thing but in classier terms. Wouldn't you rather eat food from a stannous container than a tin can? Are you musical or do you have a stannous ear. OK, OK, I'll stop.
Word History: Today's Good Word comes to us from Late Latin stannum "tin," originally an alloy of silver and lead. This word came from an earlier form, stagnum, whence Italian stagno, Spanish estaño, Portuguese estanho, Old French estain and Modern French étain. The Romance languages do not like words beginning with [s] + a consonant and resolve the problem by adding an initial [e]. Attaching the [e] still didn't satisfy the French, so they eliminated the [s] after appending the [e], hence étain. They do it all the time: état "state" and école "school". Stagnum may be of Celtic origin but that remains unclear.
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


text:
Using the setup of the previous post
but with no fan and no shadow dot used the following results have been obtained.
(x-axis is in seconds from start of test - many tests were done and recorded over about 12 hours - the main problem is trying to keep ambient constant or at least clear of low frequency noise)
Detrended by the air gap temperature between double glazed and single IR window the plot shows that with Warm source in place Hot body is 0.3°C hotter than when ambient source is in place
This shows a continuous recording of the warm source temperature - the Red line indicates that the source is facing the IR windows - the dotted lines indicate that it has been placed away from the IR windows. No attempt has been made to stabilise the warm source temperature - It simply has to be above ambient and below the hot plate temperature.
This plot shows the detrended temperature of the air between the double glazed IR window
This plot shows the air between the double glazed window and the isolated IR window. Note that it shows no sign of being warmed by the warm source. The trend is because of ambient changes. This trend was removed from the "detrended" plots
It should be noted that the radiation from the warm plate has to pass through 3 layers of poly film to reach the hot plate. In a previous post
I showed that this food wrap (LDPE) is not 100% transparent to IR.
Again I am certain that the hot body temperature increase is caused by the IR from the warm source.
Again criticism of the experiment is welcomed!
Full recorded data is available.
other posts on this subject:
The Problem of Space Debris
2 hours ago


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Sometimes hunters get lost despite their most careful precautions. But if they are adequately prepared, the misadventure will not last very long.
The first action the hunter must take is to stop and sit down.
The word STOP is an acronym used in survival. It means:
Stop and sit down. Keep a positive mental attitude.
Think about your surroundings. Could you find your way out, or are you going to spend the night?
Observe what is around you. Can you hear cars? Can you hear farm animals or farm machinery? Can you see radio towers or old logging roads? Can you smell smoke from a wood stove? Use your senses to find out where you are.
Plan what you do. The time of day and the weather will influence how the plan will be set in motion and what you will do first.


Exits the current thread or (if the script is not persistent and contains no hotkeys) the entire script.
Exit [, ExitCode]
An integer between -_PHONE_ and _PHONE_ (can be an expression) that is returned to its caller when the script exits. This code is accessible to any program that spawned the script, such as another script (via RunWait) or a batch (.bat) file. If omitted, ExitCode defaults to zero. Zero is traditionally used to indicate success.
If the script has no hotkeys, isn't persistent, and hasn't requested the Num/Scroll/CapsLock key(s) to be kept AlwaysOn or AlwaysOff, it will terminate immediately when Exit is encountered (except if it has an OnExit subroutine).
Otherwise, the Exit command terminates the current thread. In other words, the stack of subroutines called directly or indirectly by a menu, timer, or hotkey subroutine will all be returned from as though a Return were immediately encountered in each. If used directly inside such a subroutine -- rather than in one of the subroutines called indirectly by it -- Exit is equivalent to Return.
Use ExitApp to completely terminate a script that is persistent or contains hotkeys.
ExitApp, OnExit, Functions, Gosub, Return, Threads, _TAG_
Gosub, Sub2
MsgBox, This msgbox will never happen because of the EXIT.
Exit ; Terminate this subroutine as well as the calling subroutine.


text:
First Nations of CanadaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Native Americans, or American Indians in Canada are generally referred to as Aboriginal peoples, which include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis (mixed blood).
Provinces and Territories
For additional information about the First Nations in each of the Provinces and Territories, see the links below:
Resources that may be helpful in the search for your Canadian Indian ancestry include:
- Join the Facebook or Skype Canada First Nations Genealogy Research Community!
- List of Tribes of Canada.
- Aboriginal Communities in Canada
- Canadian First Nations by Province
- Finding the Tribe or Band of a Canadian Aboriginal (American Indian)
- An online guide: Aboriginal Peoples—Guide to the Records of the Government of Canada.
- A list of Annual Reports _PHONE_, including Canadian government agencies responsible for Indian affairs over the years, can be found at Library and Archives of Canada
- A reference work that provides a history of the major Indian tribes of Canada is: Jenness, Diamond. Indians of Canada. Ottawa, Canada: National Museum of Canada, 1967. Seventh Edition. Family History Library Catalog book 970.1 J435i (no film)
- 1796 May 31, at New York with the Seven Nations of Canada
Things you can do
In order to make this wiki a better research tool, we need your help! Many tasks need to be done. You can help by:
|News and Events|
|Did You Know?|
- This page was last modified on 5 September 2012, at 01:27.
- This page has been accessed 3,189 times.
New to the Research Wiki?
In the FamilySearch Research Wiki, you can learn how to do genealogical research or share your knowledge with others.Learn More


text:
Design review (U.S. government)
In the United States military integrated acquisition lifecycle the Technical section has multiple acquisition "Technical Reviews". Technical reviews and audits assist the acquisition and the number and types are tailored to the acquisition. Overall guidance flows from the Defense Acquisition Guidebook chapter 4, with local details further defined by the review organizations. Typical topics examined include adequacy of program/contract metrics, proper staffing, risks, budget, and schedule.
In NASA's engineering design life cycle, a phase of design reviews are held for technical and programmatic accountability and to authorize the release of funding to a project. This article describes the major phases of that systems engineering process. A design review provides an in-depth assessment, by an independent team of discipline experts and managers, that the design (or concept) is realistic and attainable from a programmatic and technical sense.
Design review is also required of medical device developers as part of a system of design controls described in the US Food and Drug Administration's governing regulations in 21CFR820. In 21CFR820.3(h), design review is described as " documented, comprehensive, systematic examination of the design to evaluate the adequacy of the design requirements, to evaluate the capability of the design to meet these requirements, and to identify problems." The FDA also specifies that a design review should include an independent reviewer.
The list of reviews done by an effort and the content, nature, process, and objectives any review uses vary enormously by the organization involved and the particular situation of the effort. For example, even within the U.S. Department of Defense, System Requirements Review cases include such as (1) a 5 day perusal of each individual requirement, or (2) a 2-day discussion of development plan documents allowed only after the system requirements have been approved and the development documents reviewed with formal action items required, or (3) a half-day powerpoint with content determined by the Project Manager with attendance limited to high-level (non-technical) stakeholders with no output other than the PM being able to claim 'SRR done'.
Some of the reviews that may be done on an effort include:
- Mission Concept Review (MCR)
The MCR affirms the mission need and examines the proposed mission's objectives and the concept for meeting those objectives.
- System Requirements Review (SRR)
The SRR examines the functional requirements and performance requirements defined for the system and the preliminary program or project plan and ensures that the requirements and the selected concept will satisfy the mission.
- Mission Definition Review (MDR)
The MDR examines the proposed requirements, the mission architecture, and the flow down to all functional elements of the mission to ensure that the overall concept is complete, feasible, and consistent with available resources.
- System Definition Review (SDR)
The SDR examines the proposed system architecture and design and the flow down to all functional elements of the system.
- Preliminary Design Review (PDR)
The PDR demonstrates that the preliminary design meets all system requirements with acceptable risk and within the cost and schedule constraints and establishes the basis for proceeding with detailed design. It will show that the correct design options have been selected, interfaces have been identified, and verification methods have been described.
The following are typical objectives of a PDR:
- Ensure that all system requirements have been allocated, the requirements are complete, and the flowdown is adequate to verify system performance
- Show that the proposed design is expected to meet the functional and performance requirements
- Show sufficient maturity in the proposed design approach to proceed to final design
- Show that the design is verifiable and that the risks have been identified, characterized, and mitigated where appropriate
- Critical Design Review (CDR)
The CDR demonstrates that the maturity of the design is appropriate to support proceeding with full-scale fabrication, assembly, integration, and test. CDR determines that the technical effort is on track to complete the flight and ground system development and mission operations, meeting mission performance requirements within the identified cost and schedule constraints.
The following are typical objectives of a CDR:
- Ensure that the "build-to" baseline contains detailed hardware and software specifications that can meet functional and performance requirements
- Ensure that the design has been satisfactorily audited by production, verification, operations, and other specialty engineering organizations
- Ensure that the production processes and controls are sufficient to proceed to the fabrication stage
- Establish that planned Quality Assurance (QA) activities will establish perceptive verification and screening processes for producing a quality product
- Verify that the final design fulfills the specifications established at PDR
- Production Readiness Review (PRR)
A PRR is held for Flight System and Ground Support projects developing or acquiring multiple or similar systems greater than three or as determined by the project. The PRR determines the readiness of the system developers to efficiently produce the required number of systems. It ensures that the production plans; fabrication, assembly, and integration enabling products; and personnel are in place and ready to begin production.
- Test Readiness Review (TRR)
A TRR ensures that the test article (hardware/software), test facility, support personnel, and test procedures are ready for testing and data acquisition, reduction, and control. This is not a prerequisite for KDP E.
- System Acceptance Review (SAR)
The SAR verifies the completeness of the specific end products in relation to their expected maturity level and assesses compliance to stakeholder expectations. The SAR examines the system, its end products and documentation, and test data and analyses that support verification. It also ensures that the system has sufficient technical maturity to authorize its shipment to the designated operational facility or launch site.
- Operational Readiness Review (ORR)
The ORR examines the actual system characteristics and the procedures used in the system or end product's operation and ensures that all system and support (flight and ground) hardware, software, personnel, procedures, and user documentation accurately reflect the deployed state of the system.
The following are typical objectives of an ORR:
- Establish that the system is ready to transition into an operational mode through examination of available ground and flight test results, analyses, and operational demonstrations
- Confirm that the system is operationally and logistically supported in a satisfactory manner considering all modes of operation and support (normal, contingency, and unplanned)
- Establish that operational documentation is complete and represents the system configuration and its planned modes of operation
- Establish that the training function is in place and has demonstrated capability to support all aspects of system maintenance, preparation, operation, and recovery.
- Flight Readiness Review (FRR)
The FRR examines tests, demonstrations, analyses, and audits that determine the system's readiness for a safe and successful flight or launch and for subsequent flight operations. It also ensures that all flight and ground hardware, software, personnel, and procedures are operationally ready.
The following are typical objectives of a FRR:
- Receive certification that flight operations can safely proceed with acceptable risk.
- Confirm that the system and support elements are properly configured and ready for launch.
- Establish that all interfaces are compatible and function as expected.
- Establish that the system state supports a launch "go" decision based on go/no-go criteria.
- Critical path method
- Technical peer review
- Systems Development Life Cycle
- Engineering design process
- Integrated Defense AT&L Lifecycle Management Chart[dead link]
- Technical Review Definitions
- Systems Engineering Technical Reviews slider
- Defense Acquisition Guidebook
- NAVSEA Technical Review Manual
- NASA Procedural Requirements, Subject: NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements, Appendix G Responsible Office: Office of the Chief Engineer, NPR 7123.1A, Effective Date: March 26, 2007, Expiration Date: March 26, 2012[dead link]
- _URL_ link]


of First Instance (with 28 judges)
aka General Court.
Created in 1988. Its work is limited to the competition rules and to hearing cases against the community institutions. It also has its President.
direct actions are brought by the Commission, other Community institutions or by a member state. Cases brought by individuals or companies challenging the legality of a Community act are taken to the Court of First Instance.
preliminary rulings by courts in the member states. Court of Justice is not a court of appeal. National courts decide the case while observing the principles of Community law.
After the hearing, the advocate general delivers an independent opinion in open court. But it is not binding, and is not always followed by the Court.
The judges arrive at their view in closed discussion, and then delivers their judgment in open court.
The Court has the sole power to decide whether the actions of the Commissions and Council are constitutional. The court's judgments are binding throughout the community upon all individuals, business firms, national governments and other Community institutions.
For more information, see Europa document on Institutions of the European Union.This page provides direct links to various institutions of the European Union.
 Effects of Economic Integration


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After time, temperature is the variable most frequently measured.
The three most
common types of contact electronic temperature sensors in use today are thermocouples,
resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and thermistors. This article will examine the
negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor.
Photo 1. NTC thermistors are
manufactured in a variety of
sizes and configurations. The
chips in the center of the photo
can be used as surface mount
devices or attached to different
types of insulated or
uninsulated wire leads. The
thermistor element is usually
coated with a phenolic or
epoxy material that provides
protection from environmental
conditions. For applications
requiring sensing tip
dimensions with part-to-part
uniformity and/or smaller size,
the devices can be encapsulated
in PVC cups or polyimide
General Properties and Features
NTC thermistors offer many desirable features for temperature measurement and control
within their operating temperature range. Although the word thermistor is derived from
THERMally sensitive resISTOR, the NTC thermistor can be more accurately classified as
a ceramic semiconductor. The most prevalent types of thermistors are glass bead, disc,
and chip configurations (see Photo 1), and the following discussion focuses primarily on
those technologies.
Temperature Ranges and Resistance Values. NTC thermistors exhibit a decrease in
electrical resistance with increasing temperature. Depending on the materials and
methods of fabrication, they are generally used in the temperature range of -50°C to
150°C, and up to 300°C for some glass-encapsulated units. The resistance value of a
thermistor is typically referenced at 25°C (abbreviated as R25). For most applications, the
R25 values are between 100 and 100 k. Other R25 values as low as 10 and as high
as 40 M can be produced, and resistance values at temperature points other than 25°C
can be specified.
Accurate and Repeatable R/T Characteristic. The resistance vs. temperature (R/T)
characteristic (also known as R/T curve) of the NTC thermistor forms the "scale" that
allows its use as a temperature sensor. Although this characteristic is a nonlinear,
negative exponential function, several interpolation equations are available that very
accurately describe the R/T curve [1,2,3]. The most well known is the Steinhart-Hart
equation: 1/T = A + B(lnR) + C(lnR) 3
where: T = kelvin temperature R = resistance at temperature T
Coefficients A, B, and C are derived by calibrating at three temperature points and then
solving the three simultaneous equations. The uncertainty associated with the use of the
Steinhart-Hart equation is less than ±0.005°C for 50°C temperature spans within the 0°C-
260°C range, so using the appropriate interpolation equation or lookup table in
conjunction with a microprocessor can eliminate the potential nonlinearity problem.
Sensitivity to Changes in Temperature. The NTC thermistor's relatively large change in
resistance vs. temperature, typically on the order of -3%/°C to -6%/°C, provides an order
of magnitude greater sensitivity or signal response than other temperature sensors such as
thermocouples and RTDs. On the other hand, the less sensitive thermocouples and RTDs
are a good choice for applications requiring temperature spans >260°C and/or operating
temperatures beyond the limits for thermistors.
Figure 1. Over the range of -50°C to 150°C, NTC thermistors
offer a distinct advantage in sensitivity to temperature changes
compared to other temperature sensors. This graph illustrates the
R/T characteristics of some typical NTC thermistors and a platinum
Another important feature of the NTC thermistor is the degree of interchangeability that
can be offered at a relatively low cost, particularly for disc and chip devices.
Interchangeability describes the degree of accuracy or tolerance to which a thermistor is
specified and produced, and is normally expressed as a temperature tolerance over a
temperature range. For example, disc and chip thermistors are commonly specified to
tolerances of ±0.1°C and ±0.2°C over the temperature ranges of 0°C to 70°C and 0°C to
100°C. Interchangeability helps the systems manufacturer or thermistor user reduce labor
costs by not having to calibrate each instrument/system with each thermistor during
fabrication or while being used in the field. A health care professional, for instance, can
use a thermistor temperature probe on one patient, discard it, and connect a new probe of
the same specifications for use on another patient--without recalibration. The same holds
true for other applications requiring reusable probes.
Small Size.
The small dimensions of most bead, disc, and chip thermistors used for resistance
thermometry make for a very rapid response to temperature changes. This feature is
particularly useful for temperature monitoring and control systems requiring quick
Remote Temperature Sensing Capability.
Thermistors are well suited for sensing temperature at remote locations via long, twowire cable because the resistance of the long wires is insignificant compared to the
relatively high resistance of the thermistor.
Ruggedness, Stability, and Reliability.
As a result of improvements in technology, NTC bead, disc, and chip thermistor
configurations are typically more rugged and better able to handle mechanical and
thermal shock and vibration than other temperature sensors.
Materials and Configurations
Most NTC thermistors are made from various compositions of the metal oxides of
manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, and/or iron. A thermistor's R/T characteristic and R25
value are determined by the particular formulation of oxides. Over the past 10 years,
better raw materials and advances in ceramics processing technology have contributed to
overall improvements in the reliability, interchangeability, and cost-effectiveness of
Of the thermistors shown in Figure 2, beads, discs, and chips are the most widely used for
precise temperature measurements. Although each configuration is produced by a unique
method, some general ceramics processing techniques apply to most thermistors:
formulation and preparation of the metal oxide powders; milling and blending with a
binder; forming into a "green" body; heat-treating to produce a ceramic material; addition
of electrical contacts (for discs and chips); and, for discrete components, assembly into a
usable device with wire leads and a protective coating.
Figure 2. A variety of manufacturing processes are used to make
NTC thermistors configured as beads (A), chips (B), discs (C), rods
(D), and washers (E).
Historical Note on the Thermistor
Michael Faraday (_PHONE_), the British chemist and physicist, is
best known for his work in electromagnetic induction and
electrochemistry. Less familiar is his 1833 report on the
semiconducting behavior of Ag S (silver sulfide), which can be
considered the first recorded NTC thermistor [9].
Because the early thermistors were difficult to produce and
applications for the technology were limited, commercial
manufacture and use of thermistors did not begin until 100 years
later. During the early 1940s, Bell Telephone Laboratories
developed techniques to improve the consistency and repeatability
of the manufacturing process [10]. Some of the first commercial
thermistors were the disc type, and by today's standards, their
tolerances were quite broad. These devices were used primarily for
regulation, protection, and temperature compensation of electronic
In the 1950s and 1960s, the expanding aerospace industry's
requirement for more accurate and stable devices led to several
improvements in the materials used to manufacture glass bead and
disc thermistors. During the 1960s and 1970s, the demand for tighttolerance devices in high volumes at a lower cost led to the
development of the chip thermistor [11].
As the reliability of these devices improved during the 1980s, the
use of electronic thermometers in the health care industry increased.
The rising costs of sterilization and concerns about cross-infection
among patients led to the demand for low-cost disposable
temperature probes, for which chip thermistors were well suited.
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the use of NTC thermistors has
continued to grow in the automotive, food processing, medical,
HVAC, and telecommunications markets.
Bead thermistors, which have lead wires that are embedded in the ceramic material, are
made by combining the metal oxide powders with a suitable binder to form a slurry. A
small amount of slurry is applied to a pair of platinum alloy wires held parallel in a
fixture. Several beads can be spaced evenly along the wires, depending on wire length.
After the beads have been dried, the strand is fired in a furnace at 1100°C-1400°C to
initiate sintering. During sintering, the ceramic body becomes denser as the metal oxide
particles bond together and shrink down around the platinum alloy leads to form an
intimate physical and electrical bond. After sintering, the wires are cut to create
individual devices. A glass coating is applied to


text:
On the eve of Independence Day, the Shrink turns to post-election stress.
There are three things you can do with your post election stress. The first two are:
- Speak out
- Shut upBoth of these methods work to some extent, but can also cause stress. Speaking out can cause stress when there is no positive effect, so people often try the second method; but that causes stress when they feel cut out of the conversation. Luckily, there's a third method. Rather than choosing or alternating between the two, you combine the two. I call this method:
Here I am in a video in the Speaking for Justice Series of Higher Group Productions. I briefly talk about post-election stress and statescraft.


zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics
Large time behavior of solutions for general quasilinear hyperbolic-parabolic systems of conservation laws. (English) Zbl 0884.35073
Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 599, 120 p. (1997).
The authors discuss the time-asymptotic behavior of solutions to the following system of viscous conservation laws \[ u_t + f(u)_x = (B(u)u_x)_x, \] where \(u=u(x,t)\) is the density of physical quantities, \(f(u)\) is the flux, and \(B(u)\) is the viscosity matrix. For most physical models, the viscosity matrix is not positive definite, and the system is hyperbolic-parabolic and not uniformly parabolic. This implies that the Green's function of the linearized system may contain Dirac \(\delta\)-functions. First, by the detailed pointwise estimates for the Green's function of the linearized system and the careful analysis of coupling of nonlinear diffusion waves, and under some smallness conditions on initial data, the authors establish a general theory on the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the above hyperbolic-parabolic system and explicit expressions of the time-asymptotic behavior of solutions. This yields optimal estimates in the integral norms. The results for perturbation decays at the heat kernel rate in all \(L^p\) (\(p\in [1, \infty]\)) norms are also obtained. When the corresponding inviscid system is non-strictly hyperbolic, the time-asymptotic state contains generalized Burgers solutions. Then, at the end of the paper they give an application of the general theory to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the equations of magnetohydrodynamics. One-dimensional diffusion waves have played an essential role in the study of the stability properties of viscous conservation laws, rarefactions, and contact discontinuities. T.-P. Liu probably first recongnized the importance of diffusion waves (the \(N\)-waves) for the problems in one space dimension [Nonlinear stability of shock waves for viscous conservation laws, Mem. Am. Math. Soc 328 (1985; Zbl 0617.35058)]. He proved that diffusion waves decay in \(L^p\) for all \(p > 1\), but not in \(L^1\). The present paper improves this result using an explicit and pointwise description of the one-dimensional diffusion waves, a new method to study diffusion waves. This paper will be a source of inspiration not only to those who study viscous conservation laws, but to all who like to see hard problems solved by use of basic techniques.
Reviewer: S.Jiang (Beijing)
35K65 Degenerate parabolic equations
35L65 Hyperbolic conservation laws
35A08 Fundamental solutions to PDEs
76W05 Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics
35B40 Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs
Full Text: DOI


text:
|Geographical Range||Northern South America, in Colombia and Venezula|
|Habitat||Humid forests (in mountains)|
|Scientific Name||Crax pauxi pauxi|
This unusual-looking bird is named for the large bluish-grey "helmet" on its forehead. Curassows live in the dense, cool mountain forest. As they move about, the undigested seeds of the fruit they eat are left behind in the birds' droppings. In this way, curassows play a vital role in renewing the forest. Habitat loss and hunting are taking a toll on the number of wild curassows.
Did You Know?
The curassow is one of the largest birds in the South American forests.


Patient Safety and Quality
Mr. Claude Forget, Former member of the MUHC Board of Directors and Founding Chair of the Quality and Safety Committee
What does quality mean in a healthcare environment and why is it so important? [Read more]
What Patient Safety means to me
To find out how you can become involved, click here
Patient Safety
Continuous Improvement
Quality and Performance Indicators
How are we engaging our patients and staff in patient safety initiatives?
How are we ensuring that quality improvement activities are part of the day-to-day activities of the MUHC?
How are we assessing quality, safety and accessibility?
How do reviews by external bodies enhance the quality and safety?
Read more Read more Read more Read more


What Is a Midline Shift?
Individuals who experienced a severe head injury as the result of a car accident may experience a midline shift.
Causes of midline shift may include a head injury associated with a contact sport.
People who have had a stroke may have difficulty walking.
A severe blow to the head may cause a midline shift.
A head-on collision or other serious car crash is one of the most common causes of a midline shift.
Article Details
 - Written By: Steven Symes
 - Edited By: Rachel Catherine Allen
 - Last Modified Date: 02 August 2015
 - Copyright Protected:
 Conjecture Corporation
 - Print this Article
Midline shift refers to when a person's brain actually shifts beyond the center line of the brain. The shift is normally caused by a traumatic event involving the brain or head, and can indicate further problems with the brain, such as intracranial pressure or tumor growths. The brain normally shifts away from a traumatized section, causing neurological abnormalities that affect the behavior of the patient.
Causes of midline shift normally involve a violent event that impacted a person's brain negatively. A severe head injury, such as a car accident or serious collision in a contact sport, can cause the brain to shift. Other traumatic events that can affect the positioning of the brain include strokes, brain swelling or the development of a brain tumor.
People who have suffered a midline shift show some specific signs of the condition. A person might lean to the side of the body that matches the direction the brain has shifted, and experience problems with walking straight or running into obstacles. The patient's vision might also be affected, causing problems with perceiving spatial relationships and performing simple motor skills activities such as using playing cards. If a person is suffering from a shift, shining a light in his eyes does not cause the pupils to shrink as they normally would.
Treatment of midline shift might involve the patient using specialized prescription glasses. These glasses contain yoked prisms that affect the patient's visual perception, compensating for the shift's changes to the person's vision. Wearing the glasses, a person who suffers from this condition can once again balance and otherwise function normally. An optometrist might need to alter the glasses later as the person's condition changes, allowing them to continue operating without problems.
A neurosurgeon might decide to operate on a patient if the midline shift constitutes movement of about a fifth of an inch (five millimeters) or more. Such a dramatic shift of the brain constitutes a medical emergency since it threatens the patient's life. The surgeon might remove any growth, whether it is benign or malignant, that is causing the shift, or even remove part of the patient's skull if the brain is swelling, preventing permanent damage to the brain.
Intracranial Pressure (ICP) often goes hand-in-hand with midline shift. The causes of ICP include brain tumors, brain swelling or heart failure. Signs that a person is suffering from ICP might include unexplained vomiting, blurring at the edges of a person's field of vision and persistent back pain.
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Post 4
I had a ruptured brain aneurysm and a stroke in October of 2012. I have many problems with memory, my eyes, confusion and walking steady. I was diagnosed with a midline shift in July of 2013. Is it caused by the traumatic brain injury that I had or is my brain still swollen?
Post 3
I fell and hit my head on Labor Day weekend and was unconscious for 1 minute. I had a CT scan done with and without contrast. The CT images show no abnormality of the parenchymal density or enhancement. There is mass defect or midline shift. Impression unremarkable. Should I go for a second opinion?
Post 2
_USER_ - It sounds like they don't always bother to treat a midline shift directly though, but more often just treat the symptoms.
It's important to remember that we don't really have all the answers when it comes to the human brain and in some cases I guess it's just better to leave it alone and allow it to heal itself. Or, if that's no going to happen, to leave it alone so that we don't do anymore damage to it.
Post 1
If you've got the symptoms that they've described here, you should go to the hospital immediately, particularly if you've had a head injury.
I think it's all too often people just brush off the symptoms of head trauma as someone goofing off or just having a bad day.
But often these kinds of symptoms, like not being able to walk straight and having trouble with simple activities, are often signs of a stroke, or something like a midline shift and seconds can be critical.
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November 22, 2010 – Unstructured information continues to grow and this provides a unique opportunity for government to reach beyond the traditional relational databases. Last week, government employees and industry experts met at the MarkLogic Government Summit to discuss best practices and the importance of implementing technology solutions capable of leveraging unstructured information.
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Sponsored by Data Harmony, a unit of Access Innovations, the world leader in indexing and making content findable.


text:
More people give human names to pets
Vowel sounds, syllables important for training
It used to be that dogs were given names such as Fido, Spot and Rover. Those days are long gone."Pets are a member of the family," said Anabel Conner, who has three dogs -- Sheba, Fawn and Ella.
"The trend in naming pets is going toward more human names," said Conner, who is also the community leader of Parents Connect.Parents Connect also provides a database of more than 11,000 dog and 27,000 baby names at PetNamesWorld.com and BabyNamesWorld.com.Conner, who considers herself a name expert, said that in addition to choosing names that are more human like, there are a few rules that dog owners should follow.She said it is important to use vowel sounds and give a name that has no more than two syllables.
"They can really pick up on them. It gets too complicated with more than that, but give a name with a punch to it," she said, because a pet's name is crucial in training.
"Any pet, as soon as they can ID their name, (that) is the first step in training," Conner said.
Three syllable names are OK for pets other than dogs and cats, however.
"You can name your snake Cleopatra," she said. "It's not going to come."
She followed the rules when naming her dogs, although Fawn's name was really difficult to come up with.
"She is a husky. I wanted something to do with nature but, as she was a member of my family, too, I just wanted her to have a name that a person could have, too," Conner said.
Conner said she really likes the name Ella, so that name was easy."
Ella is a name I have always liked, and in my job as a name expert, compiling data and giving advice about baby names to people all the time -- it is one that I had seen that I really liked," she said. "It is a very popular name, though, and one that I wouldn't use for a child of my own, only because I see so many little Ellas and Bellas being named every day."
Lori Krout, creator of Dog-Paw-Print.com, agrees that dogs are being given more human names.
Her website uses research from the Veterinary Pet Insurance, one of the country's largest pet insurance companies. VPI provides the names given by the policyholders. Krout said they track names for dogs, cats, birds, reptiles and exotics.
Krout said the trend toward using human names is driven by people who view their pets like children.
"Dogs before were used for work on the farm and different occupations. People would keep them outside in a dog house," Krout said. "Nowadays, they are in the house, even sleeping in the bed sometimes."
Krout also has a few guidelines for naming a dog.
"Have fun, be creative and maybe use a theme," she said. "Also, think about that you will be calling it this all the time, so you don't want it to be some long, crazy name."
Krout said that "theme names" for families with more than one pet commonly come from movies and books, such as Thelma and Louise, or Gable and Bogart.
Krout even chose to give one of her dogs a name from a book. She has Otis, Sofie and Guinevere, who is usually called Guinny.She said Guinevere is named after a character in "Camelot."
For fans of Harry Potter, Krout has compiled a list of possible pet names from the popular series.
Her Web site also has a list of dog names with Australian origin for breeds such as the Australian cattle dog and Australian shepherd. They include names such as Bikkie and Ace. The meanings are also included.
Some people believe that giving a dog a name ending with the vowel O may make a dog think that the owner is saying, "No."
Krout said she does not believe this rule is true.She pointed to the popular dog name Coco. It is No. 16 on the list of popular girl dog names.
What's Your Ferret's Name?
While a lot of attention is placed on cat and dog names, it is becoming increasingly popular for people to give a lot of thought to the names for their other pets.
Conner said on PetNamesWorld's message boards there are several questions and comments about other pets.
One comment Conner said, "I just got a new rabbit. What should I call him?"
The site includes pet names for birds, ferrets, fish, guinea pigs, hamsters, horses, lizards, mice, pigs, rabbits, rats, snakes and turtles.
An advanced search on the site allows users to enter a name and determine if it is suitable for that type of animal. The search also helps users narrow the name's origin.
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My question is about the concept of nonstandard metric space that would arise from a use of the nonstandard reals R* in place of the usual R-valued metric.
That is, let us define that a topological space X is a nonstandard metric space, if there is a distance function, not into the reals R, but into some nonstandard R* in the sense of nonstandard analysis. That is, there should be a distance function d from X2 into R*, such that d(x,y)=0 iff x=y, d(x,y)=d(y,x) and d(x,z) <= d(x,y)+d(y,z). Such a nonstandard metric would give rise to the nonstandard open balls, which would generate a metric-like topology on X.
There are numerous examples of such spaces, beginning with R* itself. Indeed, every metric space Y has a nonstandard analogue Y*, which is a nonstandard metric space. In addition, there are nonstandard metric spaces that do not arise as Y* for any metric space Y. Most of these examples will not be metrizable, since we may assume that R* has uncountable cofinality (every countable set is bounded), and this will usually prevent the existence of a countable local basis. That is, the nested sequence of balls around a given point will include the balls of infinitesimal radius, and the intersection of any countably many will still be bounded away from 0. For example, R* itself will not be metrizable. The space R* is not connected, since it is the union of the infinitesimal neighborhoods of each point. In fact, one can show it is totally disconnected.
Nevertheless, it appears to me that these nonstandard metric spaces are as useful in many ways as their standard counterparts. After all, one can still reason about open balls, with the triangle inequality and whatnot. It's just that the distances might be nonstandard. What's more, the nonstandard reals offer some opportunities for new topological constructions: in a nonstandard metric space, one has the standard-part operation, which would be a kind of open-closure of a set---For any set Y, let Y+ be all points infinitesimally close to a point in Y. This is something like the closure of Y, except that Y+ is open! But we have Y subset Y+, and Y++=Y+, and + respects unions, etc.
In classical topology, we have various metrization theorems, such as Urysohn's theorem that any second-countable regular Hausdorff space is metrizable.
Question. Which toplogical spaces admit a nonstandard metric? Do any of the classical metrization theorems admit an analogue for nonstandard metrizability? How can we tell if a given topological space admits a nonstandard metric?
I would also be keen to learn of other interesting aspects of nonstandard metrizability, or to hear of interesting applications.
I have many related questions, such as when is a nonstandard metric space actually metrizable? Is there any version of R* itself which is metrizable? (e.g. dropping the uncountable cofinality hypothesis)
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I think what you're talking about can be expressed more naturally in terms of non-metrizable uniform spaces. – Harry Gindi Jan 6 '10 at 2:32
Well, every nonstandard metric space is uniform for the same reason that every metric space is uniform. But are you proposing it as an equivalence? – Joel David Hamkins Jan 6 '10 at 3:17
No, I was just saying that *R-metrizability can be reduced to a much nicer condition in terms of standard analysis by using uniform spaces. – Harry Gindi Jan 6 '10 at 4:16
It seems that Dorais's answer bears out your expectation! So thanks very much. Although I suppose "nice" is relative; after all, the R* metric captures in one distance function the same information as uncountably many pseudo-metrics... – Joel David Hamkins Jan 6 '10 at 5:22
True, but we understand the standard reals much better than the nonstandard reals. – Harry Gindi Jan 6 '10 at 10:17
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4 Answers
up vote 19 down vote accepted
The uniformity defined by a *R-valued metric is of a special kind.
Let $(n_i)_{i<\kappa}$ be a cofinal sequence of positive elements in *R. We may assume that $i < j$ implies that $n_i/n_j$ is infinitesimal.
Given a *R-valued metric space $(X,d)$ we can define a family $(d_i)_{i<\kappa}$ of pseudometrics by $d_i(x,y) = st(b(n_id(x,y)))$, where $st$ is the standard part function and $b(z) = z/(1+z)$ to make the metrics bounded by $1$. The topology on $X$ is defined by the family of pseudometrics $(d_i)_{i<\kappa}$. Note that these pseudometrics have a the following special property:
(+) If $i < j < \kappa$ and $d_j(x,y) < 1$ then $d_i(x,y) = 0$.
Every uniform space can be defined by a family of pseudometrics, but it is rather unusual for the family to have property (+) when $\kappa > \omega$.
On the other hand, given a family of pseudometrics $(d_i)_{i<\kappa}$ bounded by $1$ with property (+), then we can recover a *R-valued metric by defining $d(x,y) = d_i(x,y)/n_i$, where $i$ is minimal such that $d_i(x,y) > 0$.
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Wow, that is great! Thanks very much. – Joel David Hamkins Jan 6 '10 at 4:26
I'm guessing that (+) is equivalent to the uniformity being generated by a fundamental system of size $\kappa$ which is moreover $<\kappa$-directed, but that's just a guess. – François G. Dorais Jan 6 '10 at 4:46
I don't see that you ever use your assumption that kappa is uncountable. – Joel David Hamkins Jan 6 '10 at 4:52
Yes, I just fixed that, thanks. (Those were remnants of an earlier more complicated answer.) – François G. Dorais Jan 6 '10 at 5:13
Your sequence of pseudo metrics seems similar to a representation of d in an ultrapower presentation of R*. That is, if R* arises as an ultrapower of R, then can one use the ultrapower representations directly to build the pseudometrics? – Joel David Hamkins Jan 6 '10 at 14:34
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These are $\omega_\mu$-metrizable spaces, where $\omega_\mu$ is the cofinality of ${}^*\mathbb{R}$. Take a decreasing sequence $\langle x_\alpha:\alpha<\omega_\mu\rangle$ of positive elements that converges to $0$; because $\omega_\mu$ is regular uncountable one can ensure that $x_{\alpha+1}/x_\alpha$ is always infinitesimal. Any 'metric' $d:X\times X\to\mathbb{R}$ can be converted to an ultrametric $\rho$ with values in $\{x_\alpha:\alpha<\omega_\mu\}$; it satisfies the strong triangle inequality: $\rho(x,z)\le\max\{\rho(x,y),\rho(y,z)\}$. These spaces are also called linearly uniformizable: the sets $A_\alpha=\lbrace (x,y):\rho(x,y) < x_\alpha \rbrace $ form a (linearly ordered) base for a uniformity that generates the same topology as $\rho$. Also, because of the uncountable cofinality, these spaces are $P$-spaces: $G_\delta$-sets are open. The only metrizable such spaces must be discrete. Here is one of the earliest papers that I am aware of to treat this kind thing systematically.
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I don' t know how relevant this is to your question, but some topologists have investigated quite extensively topological spaces with metrics in a lattice-ordered group, ie a group with a lattice order, compatible with the group operation. Your R*-metric spaces seem to be a chapter of this general theory (and similarly the theory of spaces with metrics in ON, which maybe are also of interest to you), so perhaps a few questions you have touched upon in your post can be answered from a broader perspective.
Here is an interesting paper by several authors, one of whom is Ralph Kopperman:
PS Kopperman has two desiderable features from your geolocation's standpoint, the first is working in the NYC area (CCNY if I am not mistaken), and the second one is being a friend and collaborator of Prabhud Misra (and thus, via the small world law, very reachable). If I remember well, Ralph is an expert in these type of things, and so you may ask him for further infos, if needs be.
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Sulphur hexafluoride
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is an absolutely inert gas under regular conditions; however, used as a process gas in the plasma, it forms highly reactive fluorine atoms and sulphur fluoride radicals which makes it one of the most aggressive plasma process gases (also see Tetrafluormethane).
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text: SIMILIAR STUDY, DIFFERENT BALL: Kinesiologists at Purdue University used the principles of physics to explain why a fastball pitch in baseball is hard to hit and how a curveball gets its motion. A batter often underestimates how fast a ball is moving and whether it's a fastball or not. This causes the player to misjudge where the ball and bat will meet. After the pitch is thrown, the batter must predict where the ball will pass through the hitting area. If the player has underestimated the speed of the ball, he or she will swing too low, at the place where he or she thought the ball would be. The greater the difference between the estimate and the actual speed of the pitch, the greater this error becomes, making it harder to hit a fastball. To achieve a curveball, the pitcher spins the ball, causing the air to move faster on one side of the ball, creating a pressure difference. This causes the ball to push to one side and curve in that direction. Most pitchers spin the ball so that the downward motion of a curveball is much greater than any horizontal movement.


text:
Consultation with aboriginals is crucial to changing place names from colonial past
Forty years after his death, two of Bruce Lee's siblings reminisce about their famous brother's life and a legacy that is inspiring a whole new generation of fighters. Jo Baker reports.
Fittingly for an explorer, Captain George Vancouver had nerve in spades when he arrived on the shores of British Columbia's coast in 1792, albeit 9,000 years after the first prehistoric settlers.
Captain Vancouver promptly named the stretch of water between the coast and Vancouver Island the Strait of George for King George III, British monarch at the time. Latterly, it has become known as the Strait of Georgia. It was, needless to say, a time before the term 'duty to consult' was known.
Those three words are now acutely familiar to anyone doing business in British Columbia. They are at the core of aboriginal title and rights issues as the courts define what type of ownership first nations can claim in terms of land and resources.
What is clear is that governments have a duty to consult aboriginal groups who exercise rights - either through past habitation or through hunting, fishing or gathering - in places where commercial interests arise.
In the past two years, British Columbia's premier Gordon Campbell has taken up the concept of consultation and endorsed it, prompting a sea change within his government. Once perceived as a critic of aboriginal rights, Mr Campbell has become their biggest champion in recent years. And when it was suggested the Strait of Georgia be renamed the Salish Sea - to pay respect to the Coast Salish people - he was willing to consider it.
The change makes sense. Naming one of the most important bodies of water in British Columbia after people who were here long before the arrival of Europeans (and maintain a presence in the present) seems eminently more worthy than honouring a lunatic monarch who never set foot in the region. Many well-known geographical areas are named for the aboriginals who lived there. The Okanagan Valley and the Cowichan River are two examples. Most recently, the Queen Charlotte Islands underwent a name change to Haida Gwaii.
There have also been changes to names considered unseemly in present times. Twelve years ago, the government responded to pressure from Chinese-Canadians to ditch the name Chinaman Lake, which had been on British Columbia maps for decades. Ironically, research later showed that the term wasn't even supposed to be a slur against the Chinese - it was a mistranslation of the name of the aboriginal chief Chunamun.
Stewart Phillip, president of the Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, said renaming the Strait of Georgia to the Salish Sea was only a symbolic gesture. Of greater concern were issues such as deepening poverty in aboriginal communities.
The Monarchist League has also voiced opposition to the move.
But both the premier and Aboriginal Affairs Minister Mike de Jong - who received the suggestion at a conference last month - appear willing to consider the move if there is strong public support.
That appears unlikely. A poll conducted last week showed Canadians were divided on the issue - 39 per cent supported the idea, while 37 per cent were opposed.