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September 10, 2023
5 Strategies to manage activity storage costs in Dynamics 365
Storage of activities in Dynamics 365 can become costly, especially if large amounts of data are stored. Activity storage refers to customer activities, such as emails, appointments, tasks and other interactions, within the Dynamics 365 environment.
The cost of storing activities can vary depending on the Dynamics 365 plan you use, the number of users, the number of activities generated, and the length of time you choose to store the data. As data accumulates over time, it can increase storage requirements and potentially result in higher costs.
Consider the following 5 tips to effectively manage activity storage costs:
1 Data interest policy
Define data retention policies based on your business needs. For example, you can choose to keep certain types of activities for a specific period of time and then delete or archive older data to reduce storage space usage.
2 Clearing and archiving policy
Review and clean up unnecessary or obsolete activities regularly. Archiving historical data to a separate storage system can help cut costs while still maintaining access to older records. Microsoft recently announced that they are moving the Description column of emails older than 12 months to unstructured Azure Blob storage. This will actually reduce your database storage and increase your file storage, which will help many organizations reduce costs. For larger organizations, however, this may be limited because you cannot currently change the threshold, and the search options are not ideal. We have developed custom solutions for our customers that can get around these limitations by using Azure Cosmos and Virtual Entities.
3 Use monitors
Monitor storage consumption and volume of activity to identify unexpected spikes or trends. This can help you prepare for potential cost adjustments and optimize the use of storage.
4 Optimize activity tracking
Track only essential activities that add value to your business. Reducing unnecessary tracking can help control storage growth.
5 Consider different licensing options
Depending on your organization's needs, educate yourself about different Dynamics 365 plans and licensing options to find the most cost-effective solution.
Want to know more?
I see, I see what you don't: resources and governance in Microsoft 365
Microsoft Purview: Your Solution for Data Protection and Compliance
Is the New Microsoft Intune Suite the Right Step for Your Business?
Tech Updates: Microsoft 365, Azure, Cybersecurity & AI – Weekly in Your Mailbox.


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THE IMPACT OF THE INFLOW OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA
Foreign direct investments present one of the very important products of globalization, by establishing a new economic concept of free international movement of capital, people, goods and services. An analyses of the impact of this type of international movement of capital on economic growth and development is one of the modern tendencies of economic researchers. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the impact of the level and structure of foreign direct investment on the economic development of the Serbian economy, where the impact of foreign direct investment inflow on economic growth, current balance, manufacturing industry through the impact on total industry turnover, employment and productivity will be separately considered. The aim of this research is to prove the importance of FDI for developing countries, as well as to point out the need to improve and enhance the business environment in order to maximize FDI inflows. The main hypothesis of this research is that foreign direct investments significantly contribute to the economic growth and development of the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of hypothesis analysis and testing, a simple linear regression model was used in this paper. The research was conducted for the period from 2010 to 2019. The obtained results present a positive relationship between the inflow of foreign direct investment and GDP growth, and show a positive relationship between growth of investments in manufacturing and growth in productivity, employment and total turnover, and show a positive relationship between FDI inflow and export value.
globalization, economic growth, economic development, foreign direct investment, international capital movements

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Observational studies report inverse associations between the use of feather upper bedding (pillow and/or quilt) and asthma symptoms but there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence assessing the role of feather upper bedding as a secondary prevention measure.
To determine whether, among children not using feather upper bedding, a new feather pillow and feather quilt reduces asthma severity among house dust mite (HDM) sensitised children with asthma over a 1-year period compared with standard dust mite avoidance advice, and giving children a new mite-occlusive mattress cover.
The Calvary Hospital in the Australian Capital Territory and the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales.
197 children with HDM sensitisation and moderate to severe asthma.
New upper bedding duck feather pillow and quilt and a mite-occlusive mattress cover (feather) versus standard care and a mite-occlusive mattress cover (standard).
Main outcome measures
The proportion of children reporting four or more episodes of wheeze in the past year; an episode of speech-limiting wheeze; or one or more episodes of sleep disturbance caused by wheezing; and spirometry with challenge testing. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic and linear regression.
No differences between groups were found for primary end points – frequent wheeze (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.76, p=0.17), speech-limiting wheeze (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.48, p=0.35), sleep disturbed because of wheezing (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.13, p=0.61) or for any secondary end points. Secondary analyses indicated the intervention reduced the risk of sleep being disturbed because of wheezing and severe wheeze to a greater extent for children who slept supine.
No differences in respiratory symptoms or lung function were observed 1 year after children with moderate–severe asthma and HDM sensitisation were given a mite-occlusive mattress cover and then received either feather upper bedding (pillow and quilt) or standard bedding care.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Previous:, Up: Writing servers [Contents][Index]
3.2.3 Builtin servers
All of the servers listed in Existing servers are builtin servers. The following sections describe in detail how to setup a new builtin server type. This kind of server will be part of the Serveez executable. That is why you should make it configurable in the configure script via a '--enable-xxxserver' argument. Making and configuring preparations
Serveez is configured and built via automake and autoconf. That is why you are not supposed to write your own Makefiles but simplified Makefile.ams. Automake will automatically generate dependencies and compiler/linker command lines. Here are the steps you basically need to follow: Server header file foo-proto.h
This file contains at least your server's extern declaration of your server definition which must be available from the outside. The foo server implements all kinds of configuration items which can be integers, integer arrays, strings, string arrays, port configurations, booleans and hash maps. Every item of the server configuration can later be manipulated from the configuration file. Server implementation file foo-proto.c
If you want to define default values for your configuration you have to define them somewhere and put them into the default configuration structure. This structure will be used to instantiate your server. For this example we simply called it simply foo_config.
In order to associate the configuration items in a server configuration to keywords within the configuration file you have to define an array of key-value-pairs. This is done in the foo_config_prototype field. There are several macros which make different associations. These are the SVZ_REGISTER_* macros which take three arguments. The first argument is the keyword which will occur in the configuration file, the second is the associated item in your default configuration structure and the last argument specifies if this item is defaultable or not. Server definition
The server definition is in a way the 'class' of your server. Together with the default values (foo_config_prototype) it serves as a template for newly instantiated servers. The structure contains a long and a short description of your server. The short name is used as the prefix for all server instances of this specific type. The long description is used in the control protocol (See Control Protocol Server.). The server definition also contains the callbacks your server (mandatorily) provides. Server callbacks
There are several callback routines, which get called in order to instantiate the server and for describing the actual behaviour of your server. Here are the description of all of these callbacks. Some of them have to be implemented. Others have reasonable default values.
global initializer (optional)
This callback is executed once for every type of server. Here you can initialize data or whatever is shared between all instances of your server. For instance the HTTP server initializes its file cache here.
global finalizer (optional)
If you want to free shared resources which were possibly allocated within the global initializer you can do so here. The foo server frees its default hash previously allocated in the global initializer.
instance initializer (mandatory)
Within this routine you can initialize everything you might need for one instance of your server. The foo server does not do anything in this callback.
instance finalizer (optional)
The server instance finalizer gets its instance representation as argument. You have to free all resources used by this server instance.
protocol detection (mandatory)
Because it is possible to have more than one server listening on one network port we need to detect the type of client which is connecting to this port. The foo server checks if the first five bytes the client was sending is identifying it as a foo client. This routine is getting two arguments where the first one is a pointer to this servers instance and the second is the client socket object containing all information of the client connection. This structure is described a bit later. Be patient. For successful client detection return non-zero value.
socket connection (mandatory)
If the client detection signaled success this routine is called to assign the client connection to the server instance. The arguments are just the same as in the detection routine. In this callback you can assign all the connection specific callbacks for your server and do some initial things. The foo server sets the check_request callback to the default svz_sock_check_request which is using the packet delimiter information to find whole packets. When a client sent such a packet the handle_request callback is executed. That is why the foo server assigns the handle_request method.
client info (optional)
If this callback is given the control protocol (See Control Protocol Server.) can give information about a specific client if requested with 'stat id NUM'. The first argument given is the server instance and the second one the client's socket structure. You have to return a static single line character string.
server info (optional)
This function is called when listing the server instances via 'stat all' from the control protocol (See Control Protocol Server.). The returned character string might be multilined separated by \r\n (no trailing separator). Usually you will return all the server configuration information.
notifier (optional)
If this callback is not NULL it is called whenever there is some time left. It gets the server instance itself as argument. Actually it gets called every second.
handle request (mandatory for UDP and ICMP servers)
The arguments to this callback are the client's socket structure, the address of the packet data and its length. When implementing a UDP or ICMP server you need to return non-zero if your server could process the packet. Thus it is possible that there are multiple UDP servers on a single port. Make your server available
You distribute your server by editing the cfgfile.c file in the src/ directory. There you have to include the servers header file and add the server definition by calling svz_servertype_add More detailed description of the callback system and structures
The client connection information is stored within the svz_socket_t object. All of the client connection specific callbacks get this object as first argument. Following is a description of the most important elements of this object.
int id
The socket id is a unique id for a client connection.
int version
This item validates this socket structure. If you pass the id and version to a coserver you can check if the delivered socket structure is the original or not within the coserver callback.
int proto
The proto flag determines a server sockets protocol type which can be PROTO_PIPE, PROTO_TCP, PROTO_UDP, PROTO_ICMP or PROTO_RAW.
int flags
The flag field of the client connection contains informations about the state of this connection. See socket.h in the src/libserveez/ directory for more information. Basically this bitfield specifies how this object is handled by the main server loop.
int userflags
This bitfield could be used for protocol specific information. You can use it for any information.
char *boundary, int boundary_size
If you are going to write a packet oriented protocol server you can use the svz_sock_check_request method to parse packets. These two properties describe the packet delimiter.
char *send_buffer, int send_buffer_size, int send_buffer_fill
This is the outgoing data for a client connection object.
char *recv_buffer, int recv_buffer_size, int recv_buffer_fill
Within the receive buffer all incoming data for a connection object is stored. This buffer is at least used for the client detection callback.
int read_socket (svz_socket_t)
This callback gets called whenever data is available on the socket. Normally, this is set to a default function which reads all available data from the socket and feeds it to check_request, but specific sockets may need other policies.
int write_socket (svz_socket_t)
This routine is called when data is is valid in the output buffer and the socket gets available for writing. You normally leave this callback untouched. It simply writes as much data as possible to the socket and removes the data from the send buffer.
int disconnected_socket (svz_socket_t)
This gets called whenever the socket is lost for some external reason.
int connected_socket (svz_socket_t)
If some piece of code tries to connect to another host via svz_tcp_connect this connection might be established some time later. This callback gets called when the socket is finally connected.
int kicked_socket (svz_socket_t, int)
We call this whenever the socket gets closed by us. The second argument specifies a reason.
int check_request (svz_socket_t)
This gets called whenever data was read from the socket. Its purpose is to check whether a complete request was read, and if it was, it should be handled and removed from the input buffer.
int handle_request (svz_socket_t, char *, int)
This gets called when the check_request got a valid packet. The request arguments contains the actual packet and the second argument is the length of this packet including the packet delimiter.
int idle_func (svz_socket_t)
This callback gets called from the periodic task scheduler. Whenever idle_counter (see below) is non-zero, it is decremented and idle_func gets called when it drops to zero. idle_func can reset idle_counter to some value and thus can re-schedule itself for a later task.
int idle_counter
Counter for calls to idle_func.
void *data
Miscellaneous field. Listener keeps array of server instances here. This array is NULL terminated. Some servers store server specific information here.
void *cfg
When the final protocol detection has been done cfg should contain a pointer to the actual configuration hash map taken from the server instance object. Using coservers
Coservers are designed to complete blocking tasks. Each coserver runs in its own thread/process. There are several coservers implemented: the dns, reverse dns and ident coserver. You need to implement the callback which gets called when a coserver completed its task. This routine must be a svz_coserver_handle_result_t. The first argument is


Torque-Speed Characteristic Of INDUCTION MOTOR
In order to estimate the speed torque characteristic let us suppose that a sinusoidal voltage is impressed on the machine. Recalling that the equivalent circuit is the per-phase representation of the machine, the current drawn by the circuit is given by
where Vs is the phase voltage phasor and Is is the current phasor. The magnetizing current is neglected. Since this current is flowing through (R′ r/s)., the air-gap power is given by
The mechanical power output was shown to be (1−s)Pg (power dissipated in (R′ r/s). The torque is obtained by dividing this by the shaft speed!m.Thus we have,
The torque may be plotted as a function of 's' and is called the torque-slip (or torquespeed, since slip indicates speed) characteristic — a very important characteristic of the induction machine. Eqn. 17 is valid for a two-pole (one pole pair) machine. In general, this expression should be ultiplied by p, the number of pole-pairs. A typical torque-speed characteristic is shown in fig. 22. This plot corresponds to a 3 kW, 4 pole, 60 Hz machine. The rated operating speed is 1780 rpm.
We must note that the approximate equivalent circuit was used in deriving this relation. Readers with access to MATLAB or suitable equivalents (octave, scilab available free under GNU at the time of this writing) may find out the difference caused by using the 'exact' equivalent circuit by using the script found here. A comparison between the two is found in the plot of fig. 23. The plots correspond to a 3 kW, 4 pole, 50 Hz machine, with a rated speed of 1440 rpm. It can be seen that the approximate equivalent circuit is a good approximation in the operating speed range of the machine. Comparing fig. 22 with fig. 23,we can see that the slope and shape of the characteristics are dependent intimately on the machine parameters.
Further, this curve is obtained by varying slip with the applied voltage being held constant. Coupled with the fact that this is an equivalent circuit valid under steady state, it implies that if this characteristic is to be measured experimentally, we need to look at the torque for a given speed after all transients have died down. One cannot, for example, try to obtain this curve by directly starting the motor with full voltage applied to the terminals
negative and measuring the torque and speed dynamically as it runs up to steady speed.
Another point to note is that the equivalent circuit and the values of torque predicted is valid when the applied voltage waveform is sinusoidal. With non-sinusoidal voltage waveforms, the procedure is not as straightforward.
Respect to the direction of rotation of the air-gap flux, the rotor maybe driven to higher speeds by a prime mover or may also be rotated in the reverse direction. The torque-speed relation for the machine under the entire speed range is called the complete speed-torque characteristic. A typical curve is shown in fig. 7.1 for a four-pole machine, the synchronous speed being 1500 rpm. Note that speeds correspond to slip values greater than 1, and speeds greater than 1500 rpm correspond to negative slip. The plot also shows the operating modes of the induction machine in various regions. The slip axis is also shown for convenience.
Restricting ourselves to positive values of slip, we see that the curve has a peak point. This is the maximum torque that the machine can produce, and is called as stalling torque. If the load torque is more than this value, the machine stops rotating or stalls. It occurs at a slip ˆs, which for the machine of fig. 7.1 is 0.38. At values of slip lower than ˆs, the curve falls steeply down to zero at s = 0. The torque at synchronous speed is therefore zero. At values of slip higher than s = ˆs, the curve falls slowly to a minimum value at s = 1. The torque at s = 1 (speed = 0) is called the starting torque.
The value of the stalling torque may be obtained by differentiating the expression fortorque with respect to zero and setting it to zero to find the value of ˆs. Using this method,
the negative sign being valid for negative slip.
The expression shows that Te is the independent of R′ while ˆs is directly proportional to R′ r. This fact can be made use of conveniently to alter ˆs. If it is possible to change R′ r, then we can get a whole series of torque-speed characteristics, the maximum torque remaining constant all the while. But this is a subject to be discussed later.
We may note that if R′r is chosen equal to , ˆs, becomes unity, which means that the maximum torque occurs at starting.
Thus changing of R′ r, wherever possible can serve as a means to control the starting torque. While considering the negative slip range, (generator mode) we note that the maximum torque is higher than in the positive slip region (motoring mode).
The efficiency of induction machines at nominal operation, with neglection of stator copper losses (R1 = 0), computes to:
The nominal slip sn is supposed to be kept as small as possible, in order to achieve proper nominal efficiency. Usual amounts for nominal slips are:
When taking stator copper losses and hysteresis losses into account, real applications actually show lower efficiency amounts between approx. 0,8 and 0,95
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text: Poussin shows St John baptising Christ on the banks of the Jordan River. The inclusion of ruins in the landscape was intended to evoke the antique world and give the scene an authentic setting. The theme of the Baptism of Christ had a long visual tradition, which Poussin would have known. In keeping with convention, all of the action centres upon the figure of Christ and St John, with the dove of the Holy Spirit hovering above, much to the astonishment of the three men on the far right. Baptism is the means by which a person enters the Christian faith, and it is the first sacrament that they receive. Through the act of baptism, Christians believe that a person begins their spiritual life and are adopted as children of God.


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Abstract Art! – You only see what your eyes want to see
Abstract paintings are those that directly represent our thoughts and have no reference to copy from. For a change, I have tried to replicate one of the abstract paintings that I saw on the internet and have given my own color and meaning to the picture.
Whenever Rajaram and I have seen abstract paintings with geometrical patterns, we have always wondered as to what was so great about them.But then, after getting to work on this abstract painting, I realised that the greatness is in the thought of the painter and not in the design. The owner alone has the privilege of knowing the true value of it. The next time you bump into some abstract painting, take a min to draw your own conclusion on the image. A picture may be worth a thousand words, but an abstract picture is worth a thousand interpretations 🙂
Wondering why the leaves in the picture are blue as opposed to being green or in some fall color? Well, that's why it's an abstract 😉


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Using Energy2D to simulate Trombe wallsFebruary 26th, 2013 by Charles Xie
A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall separated from the outdoors by glass and an air space. It consists a solar absorber (such as a dark surface) and two vents for air in the house to circulate through the space and carry the solar heat to warm the house up. In a way, a Trombe wall is like a machine that uses air as a convey belt of thermal energy harvested from the sun. Trombe walls are very simple and easy to make and are sometimes used in passive solar green buildings.
Hiding sophisticated power of computational fluid dynamics behind a simple graphical user interface, our Energy2D software can easily simulate how a Trombe wall works. The two images in this blog post show screenshots of a Trombe wall simulation and its closeup version. You can play the simulation on this page and download the models there. If you open the models using Energy2D, you should be able to see how easy it is to tweak the models and create realistic heat flow simulations.
Solar chimneys operate based on similar principles. Energy2D should be able to simulate solar chimneys as well. Perhaps this would be a good challenge to you. (I will post a solar chimney simulation later if I figure out how to do it.)


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Purpose: In vivo studies have suggested that motor exercise can improve muscle regeneration after injury. Nevertheless, preclinical investigations still lack reliable tools to monitor motor performance over time and to deliver optimal training protocols to maximize force recovery. Here, we evaluated the utility of a murine robotic platform (i) to detect early impairment and longitudinal recovery after acute skeletal muscle injury and (ii) to administer varying intensity training protocols to enhance forelimb motor performance.
Methods: A custom-designed robotic platform was used to train mice to perform a forelimb retraction task. After an acute injury to bilateral biceps brachii muscles, animals performed a daily training protocol in the platform at high (HL) or low (LL) loading levels over the course of 3 wk. Control animals were not trained (NT). Motor performance was assessed by quantifying force, time, submovement count, and number of movement attempts to accomplish the task. Myofiber number and cross-sectional area at the injury site were quantified histologically.
Results: Two days after injury, significant differences in the time, submovement count, number of movement attempts, and exerted force were observed in all mice, as compared with baseline values. Interestingly, the recovery time of muscle force production differed significantly between intervention groups, with HL group showing a significantly accelerated recovery. Three weeks after injury, all groups showed motor performance comparable with baseline values. Accordingly, there were no differences in the number of myofibers or average cross-sectional area among groups after 3 wk.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the utility of our custom-designed robotic device for the quantitative assessment of skeletal muscle function in preclinical murine studies. Moreover, we demonstrate that this device may be used to apply varying levels of resistance longitudinally as a means manipulate physiological muscle responses.


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Preparedness Portfolios and Portfolio Studios
We live in a time of great enthusiasm for the role that e-Portfolios can play in education and a time of exploration in which educators and researchers are investigating different approaches to using e-Portfolios to differentially support educational goals. In this paper, we focus on preparedness portfolios and portfolio studios as two key components of an approach to using portfolios in a specific educational context. The paper includes an identification of four commitments that contributed to the emergence of this particular approach, an explanation of the theoretical rationale associated with the approach, and a review of research data that substantiates enthusiasm for the approach. We close with comments on the potential for transferring this approach to other educational contexts.
International Journal of ePortfolio


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Agricultural Buffer Setbacks
To further protect commercial agricultural land from potential conflicts with non-agricultural uses, a 200 foot agricultural buffer setback is required between habitable uses (includes outdoor areas) and land designated as an Agricultural Resource Type in the County General Plan. The buffer is measured from the proposed habitable area and/or habitable structure to the property line of the parcel designated as an Agricultural Resource Type. Proposals to construct within the 200 foot buffer will be considered by the Agricultural Policy Advisory Commission (APAC) at a public hearing.
Examples of common uses that will require approval of an Agricultural Buffer Reduction from the Agricultural Policy Advisory Commission at a Public Hearing:
- Single Family Dwellings
- Accessory Dwelling Units
- Habitable Accessory Structures
- Outdoor spaces associated with a habitable use such as patios, decks, and swimming pools.
- Commercial, industrial, recreational, or institutional structures
- Outdoor areas associated with a commercial, industrial, recreational, or institutional use such as public parking, dining patios, and other areas designed for intensive human use.
Examples of uses that will require administrative level approval of an Agricultural Buffer Reduction (no public hearing):
- Additions to existing residential construction including single family dwellings and habitable accessory structures.
- Additions to existing structures for private recreational facilities
- Agricultural Caretakers' Mobile Homes
Exceptions to the Agricultural Buffer Requirement:
- Additions of 1,000 square feet or less to an existing legal Single Family Dwelling that already encroaches into the 200 foot agricultural buffer setback as long as the addition does not encroach further into the 200 foot buffer setback.
In most cases, agricultural buffer reductions can be approved if features are proposed or present that mitigate potential negative impacts to adjacent or surrounding commercial agricultural land. Existing mitigations can include changes in topography, permanent substantial vegetation, or other physical barriers between the agriculture and non-agricultural uses. Proposed mitigations include the establishment of a physical barrier, typically a 6 foot tall solid wood fence with a vegetative buffer and the recordation of a Statement of Acknowledgement on the property title which acknowledges the potential for conflicts between the agricultural and non-agricultural uses.
County Code Section 16.50.095
Recommended Agricultural Buffer Planting List


Published September 14, 2020
Effects of Statues on Commercial Relationships
Written By: Mountain Lawyers
Statutes are laws made by parliament, which can affect commercial relationships in several ways. These include:
Making contracts and/or contract clauses void or illegal;
Imposing terms & obligations on parties; and
Forming grounds to sue & transferring the rights to those grounds to third parties.
Contracts and/or Contractual Provisions Void or Illegal
Depending on the type of statute, contracts can be void, illegal or certain provisions within a contract can be deemed void.
Void Contracts
General principles – void contracts:
 1. Arise out of a failure to satisfy requirements contained in a statute;
 2. are usually unenforceable;
 3. do not have to be illegal to be void;[1] and
 4. usually do not allow you to make a claim against the person who breached the contract.
Example: Statutes can set pre-requirements which have to be fulfilled before a contract comes into force. If the requirements have not been satisfied, the contract may be void and unenforceable.
The Property Law Act 1969 (WA) at s34 states that no interest in land can be transferred without a written agreement. If two parties enter into an agreement for the sale/purchase of land verbally, whilst the agreement is not illegal, it would be unenforceable because of the requirement under s34.
Illegal Contracts
General principles – a contract is illegal if:
 - It is expressly or impliedly prohibited by statute ("illegal as formed").[2]
 This can occur where the statute prohibits the performance or the formation of the contract.[3]
 Example: s45 of the Australian Consumer Law deals with anti-competitive contracts and clauses. In effect, it prohibits the formation of contracts or the inclusion of clauses within a contract that lessens trade competition within a market, and any such contract would therefore be deemed illegal; or
 - It is contrary to public policy and interest ("illegal as to performance");[4]
 Illegality as to performance occurs where the contract itself is not illegal, however the manner of performance of the contract is forbidden or the purpose is unlawful.[5]
 Example: s9 of the Building Act 2011 (WA) provides that no building is to be constructed without a building permit. If two parties enter into a contract for the building of a structure in which, whether expressly or impliedly, they agreed to proceed with the performance without obtaining the permit required by s9, the contract would be illegal as to performance.
Void Provisions
Provisions of a contract can be deemed void if a statute expressly prohibits those provisions.
Example: s12C(1) of the Commercial Tenancy (Retail Shops) Agreements Act 1985 (WA) states that any clause contained within a lease which requires a tenant to open the retail shop the subject of the lease at specified hours or specified times is void.
Imposing Terms & Obligations
Statutes can affect commercial relationships by creating obligations or imposing implied terms into contracts.
 - Statutes can direct parties to do or refrain from doing certain acts
 s76 of the Australian Consumer Law which obliges the seller to notify consumers both prior to entering into an 'unsolicited consumer agreement' (i.e. telephone or door-to-door sales), and after in writing, of their right to terminate the agreement within 10 business days pursuant to s82(1) of ACL.
 If the seller fails to comply with s76 and notify the consumer of their termination rights, then s82(d) of ACL extends the termination period from 10 business days to 6 months from the date the agreement was entered into and the consumer is entitled to terminate the contract within that timeframe.
 - Statutes can impose implied terms into contracts
 Certain sections of the Australian Consumer Law provide a list of guarantees which apply in the course of supplying goods or services. The most commonly used example is guarantees of fitness for a disclosed purpose. This same guarantee is implied through the Sale of Goods Act 1985 (WA) at s14.
 The Australian Consumer Law goes a step further in Subdivision C (s64) where it expressly states that these guarantees cannot be excluded out of contracts.
Giving Rise to Causes of Action & Inferring to Third Party
A statute can give rise to causes of action separate to those available in a commercial relationship and infer the rights to bring those causes of action on third parties.
s588F of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) allows a liquidator of a company to bring claims for recovery of unfair preferential payments made to creditors of that company (commonly referred to as 'clawbacks') for the six months preceding the date on which the company went into liquidation.
Example: a company enters into contract with a supplier for supply of goods and then goes into liquidation. Despite the contract being between the company and the supplier, and the obligations arising under that contract only binding them, the mere existence of the contract in the circumstances may be enough for the Liquidator to bring a claim against the Supplier for recovery of preferential payments made by the Company.
Statutes are not the only thing impacting the enforceability of and obligations formed under contracts. There are also other matters to consider when entering into a contract such as common-law ("judge made") implied terms. This is why it is crucial to know your rights and obligations before making a long term, or even short term, contractual commitment. Make sure you get the correct legal advice from solicitors experienced in the area of contract law.
[1] J W Carter, Carter on Contract (LexisNexis Australia, 2010) at [27-001].
[2] Stephen Graw, An Introduction to the Law of Contract (Thomson Reuters, 7th Ed, 2012), 434.
[3] Yango Pastoral Co Pty Ltd v First Chicago Australia Ltd (1978) 139 CLR 410, 413.
[4] Above, n 2.
[5] Above, n 3.
Introducing the Parties
To have a guarantee and indemnity, you need three parties: Party One, Party Two, and a third party which can be a Guarantor and/or Indemnifier.
 - Party One The person who enters the contract with Party Two. Party One has the power, assets, or money needed by Party Two. They can be, for example, a landlord, bank, or seller of a business.
 - Party Two The person seeking something from Party One. This can be, for example, a lease, loan, or money to buy a business.
 - Guarantor A Third Party who guarantees the fulfilment of any contractual obligations owed by Party Two to Party One. A Guarantor can be an individual, company, or an unrelated third party.
 - Indemnifier A Third Party (who is usually the same party as the Guarantor) who agrees to compensate Party One for any losses, damage, and claims suffered because of the actions of Party Two. Like Guarantors, an Indemnifier can be an individual, unrelated third party, or company.
Void Contracts
General principles – void contracts:
 1. arise out of a failure to satisfy requirements contained in a statute;
 2. are usually unenforceable;
 3. do not have to be illegal to be void; and


palate and moves from the velum to the hard palate when the fundamentals moves from A2 (110 Hz) to A3 (220 Hz) in order to create the same pitched distance of 3 octaves in parallel.
 1. To create the opposite direction between overtones and fundamentals
When the fundamental is sung at A2 (110 Hz) the overtone is at H16 (4 octaves above the fundamental). While the fundamental goes up to A3 (220 Hz), the overtone goes down to H4 (2 octaves above the fundamental). Consequently, this shows the opposite movement of fundamentals and overtones. In order to get this spectrum, the position of the tip of the tongue touches near the teeth under the roof of the palate (H16 will be heard) and moves back slowly to the velum (H4) while the fundamentals start with low pitch (A2) and ends with high pitch (A3) of the A tonality
 1. To write words with overtones (such words like MINIMUM, WIN )
A limited number of words can be written with overtones. With the same pitch of the fundamental, the written words can be done by varying overtones at three levels (under 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 3,000 Hz)
 1. To create UNDERTONES (F-2, F-3, F-4 while singing a melody)
Some traditional throat voices like Tuvan Kargyraa, Xhosa Umngqokolo from South Africa, the Tenore voice of the Sardinian Quintina (the fusion of 4 main voices creates the virtual fifth overtone voice) use the undertone going down one octave lower than the real fundamental. Leonardo Fuks from Brazil arrived to go down to F-5 (2 octaves and a major third below the fundamental) but he could not sing a tune with that way. I have succeeded in dividing the fundamental pitch into 2, 3, and 4. With the use of arytenoids inside of my throat, I could sing one octave lower (F-2), one octave and a fifth lower (F-3) and two octaves lower (F-4) than the real fundamental pitch (between 110 Hz and 150 Hz). It is not possible to create the undertones above 220 Hz or below 60 Hz
 1. To combine OVERTONES and UNDERTONES while singing a melody
In Tuvan kargyraa, and Xhosa umngqokolo from South Africa, the combination of overtones (melody) and undertones (real fundamental split into two – F-2) can be produced simultaneously. With my experiment, I could sing an overtone melody with the fundamental divided into 3 (F-3) simultaneously. The perception is naturally not at all identical.
 1. To create overtones corresponding to 7 chakras in Yoga
In Yoga, there exist 7 chakras corresponding to 7 vowels, 7 sounds or pitches, 7 overtones and 7 points of the human body. I carried out experimen-tal research in the presence of overtones in Yoga. The result of my three-year study was presented at the International Congress of Yoga in France in 2002.
According to my research, the fundamental of voice should be at 150Hz.
1 Mulâdhâra coccyx H n° 4 U 600Hz
2 Svâdhishthâna genitals H n° 5 O 750Hz
3 Manipûra navel H n° 6 Ö 900Hz
4 Anâhata heart H n° 8 A 1200Hz
5 Vishuddha throat H n° 9 E 1350Hz
6 Ajnâ between eyebrows H n°10 AE 1500Hz
7 Sahasrâra top of head H n°12 I 1800Hz
First, I would like to present you a quick overview of different possibilities that the voice can be found in traditional musics in the world and second, I am happy to show you some results of my recent discoveries on overtone / undertone study. Thank you for your attention..
Selective Bibliography for Overtone Singing Study
Bloothooft G. Bringmann E., van Capellen M., van Luipen J.B., Thoamssen K.P. 1992: "Acoustic and Perception of Overtone Singing", in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, JASA, vol.92, n°4: _PHONE_.
Dargie, D. 1993: "Thembu Xhosa umngqokolo overtone singing : the use of the human voice as a type of "musical bow", paper presented at the ICTM Conference in Berlin. (self publication)
Grawunder, S. 2003 : "Der südsibirische Kehlgesang als Gegenstand phonetishcer Untersuchungen", in Gegenstandsauffassung und aktuelle phonetische Forschungen der halleschen Sprechwissenschaft :53-91, Eva-Maria Krech/Eberhard Stock (Ed), Peter Lang, Halle, Germany.
Grawunder, S. 2003: „Unusual phonetic and acoustic features in certain Tuvan throat singing styles", Scientific Center of Research „Xoomei", Kyzyl, Tuva
Leipp, E. 1971 : "Le probleme acoustique du chant diphonique", Bulletin du Groupe d'Acoustique Musicale, no 58 : 1-10, Universite de Paris VI
Leothaud, G. 1989 : « Considerations acoustiques et musicales sur le chant diphonique », Le Chant diphonique, dossier n°1 : 17-43, Institut de la Voix, Limoges, France
Sundberg, Johan 1987 : The Science of the Singing Voice , Northern Illinois University Press, USA
Tisato G., Cosi, P. 2003: "On the Magic of Overtone Singing", in Voce, Canto Parlato : 83-100, Unipress (publisher), Padova, Italy
Tongeren, van M. 2002 : Overtone Singing / Physics and Metaphysics of Harmonics in East and West, 271 pages, Fusica publisher, 1 CD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Tran Quang Hai, Guillou D. 1980 : « Original Research and Acoustical Analysis in connection with the Xöömij style of Biphonic Singing ", in Musical Voices of Asia : 163-173, The Japan Foundation (ed), Heibonsha Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
Tran Quang Hai, Zemp H., 1991: "Recherches experimentales sur le chant diphonique", Cahiers de musiques traditionnelles, 4 (Voix) : 27-68, Ateliers d'Ethnomusicologie, Geneva, Switzerland.
Tran Quang Hai 2002 : « A la decouverte du chant diphonique », in Moyens d'investigation et Pedagogie de la voix chantee : 117-132, with a CD Rom, Guy Cornut (ed), Symetrie publishers, Lyon, France
1990 Le chant des harmoniques (The Song of Harmonics), film 16mm and video cassette, 38 minutes, directed by H.Zemp, co-authors (Tran Quang Hai and Hugo Zemp), CNRS Audio Visuel (prod), France. Contact: Tran Quang Hai, email: or
2003 Le chant diphonique, DVD, 27 minutes, directed by C.Beguinet, co-authors (Tran Quang Hai and Luc Souvet), Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique (CRDP), Saint Denis, Isle of the Reunion, contact: Luc Souvet email :
Weborama (type each of these words : overtone singing, throat singing, biphonic singing, diphonic singing, canto difonico, oberton, khoomei, sygyt, kargyraa, harmonic singing,)
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WA Listens
What is WA Listens?
WA Listens is a free, confidential support line and outreach program for WA state residents. We provide non-clinical support and resources to folx experiencing elevated stress due to COVID-19. Our main focus is BIPOC communities to support community resiliency through our struggle. Our hotline is _PHONE_ and our mainline for texting is _PHONE_.
Serving all of WA State
_PHONE_
Mental health, COVID-19, and BIPOC communities
Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, physical, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted everyone, especially our BIPOC communities. BIPOC communities have difficulties accessing services and resources and our goal is to make positive changes to help our communities receive mental health care services and make resources readily available.
We provide presentations going over mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in BIPOC communities. Please reach out if you would like more information!
Contact Us
Kristopher Larsen
Nicole Erck
Noahloni Garcia
Martin Martinez-Negrete


A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows which files and folders you can access, what changes you can make to the computer, and your personal preferences, such as your desktop background or screen saver. User accounts let you share a computer with several people, while having your own files and settings. Each person accesses his or her user account with a user name and password.
 - Standard accounts are for everyday computing.
 - Administrator accounts provide the most control over a computer, and should only be used when necessary.
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oriented along the line of sight to Earth, relativistic beaming will change its apparent brightness. The mechanics behind both the creation of the jets[3][4] and the composition of the jets[5] are still a matter of much debate in the scientific community; it is hypothesized that the jets are composed of an electrically neutral mixture of electrons, positrons, and protons in some proportion.
Elliptical Galaxy M87 emitting a relativistic jet, as seen by Hubble Space Telescope's WFPC2 in the visible spectrum.
Similar jets, though on a much smaller scale, can develop around the accretion disks of neutron stars and stellar black holes. These systems are often called microquasars. A famous example is SS433, whose well-observed jet has a velocity of 0.23c, although other microquasars appear to have much higher (but less well measured) jet velocities. Even weaker and less-relativistic jets may be associated with many binary systems; the acceleration mechanism for these jets may be similar to the magnetic reconnection processes observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind.
The general hypothesis among astrophysicists is that the formation of relativistic jets is the key to explaining the production of gamma-ray bursts. These jets have Lorentz factors of ~100 (that is, speeds of roughly 0.99995c), making them one of the swiftest celestial objects currently known.
Rotating black hole as energy source
Because of the enormous amount of energy needed to launch a relativistic jet, some jets are thought to be powered by spinning black holes. There are two competing theories for how the energy is transferred from the black hole to the jet.
 - Blandford-Znajek process.[6] This is the most popular theory for the extraction of energy from the central black hole. The magnetic fields around the accretion disk are dragged by the spin of the black hole. The relativistic material is possibly launched by the tightening of the field lines.
 - Penrose mechanism.[7] This extracts energy from a rotating black hole by frame dragging. This theory was later proven to be able to extract relativistic particle energy and momentum,[8] and subsequently shown to be a possible mechanism for the formation of jets.[9]
Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that rotating bodies drag spacetime around themselves in a phenomenon referred to as frame-dragging. The rotational frame-dragging effect was first derived from the theory of general relativity in 1918 by the Austrian physicists Josef Lense and Hans Thirring, and is also known as the Lense–Thirring effect.[1][2][3] Lense and Thirring predicted that the rotation of an object would alter space and time, dragging a nearby object out of position compared with the predictions of Newtonian physics. The predicted effect is small—about one part in a few trillion. To detect it, it is necessary to examine a very massive object, or build an instrument that is very sensitive. More generally, the subject of field effects caused by moving matter is known as gravitomagnetism.
Frame dragging effects
Static mass increase is a third effect noted by Einstein in the same paper.[5] The effect is an increase in inertia of a body when other masses are placed nearby. While not strictly a frame dragging effect (the term frame dragging is not used by Einstein), it is demonstrated by Einstein to derive from the same equation of general relativity. It is also a tiny effect that is difficult to confirm experimentally.
Experimental tests of frame-dragging
Limiting the scope to the scenarios involving existing orbiting bodies, the first proposal to use the LAGEOS satellite and the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique to measure the Lense–Thirring effect dates back to 1977–1978.[24][25] Tests have started to be effectively performed by using the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites in 1996,[26] according to a strategy[27] involving the use of a suitable combination of the nodes of both satellites and the perigee of LAGEOS II. The latest tests with the LAGEOS satellites have been performed in 2004-2006[28][29] by discarding the perigee of LAGEOS II and using a linear combination[30][31][32][33][34][35] involving only the nodes of both the spacecraft. Although the predictions of general relativity are compatible with the experimental results, the realistic evaluation of the total error raised a debate.[36][37][38][39][40][41] Another test of the Lense–Thirring effect in the gravitational field of Mars, performed by suitably interpreting the data of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft, has been recently reported.[42] There is also debate about this test.[43][44][45] Attempts to detect the Lense–Thirring effect induced by the Sun's rotation on the orbits of the inner planets of the Solar System have been reported as well:[46] the predictions of general relativity are compatible with the estimated corrections to the perihelia precessions,[47] although the errors are still large. However, the inclusion of the radiometric data from the Magellan orbiter recently allowed Pitjeva to greatly improve the determination of the unmodelled precession of the perihelion of Venus. It amounts to −0.0004 ± 0.0001 arcseconds/century, while the Lense–Thirring effect for the Venus' perihelion is just -0.0003 arcseconds/century.[48] The system of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter was investigated as well,[49] following the original suggestion by Lense and Thirring.
The Gravity Probe B experiment[50][51] is currently under way to experimentally measure another gravitomagnetic effect, i.e. the Schiff precession of a gyroscope,[52][53] to an expected 1% accuracy or better. Unfortunately, it seems that such an ambitious goal will not be achieved: indeed, first preliminary results released in April 2007 point toward a so far obtained accuracy of[54] 256–128%, with the hope of reaching about 13% in December 2007.[55] However, in 2008 the Senior Review Report of the NASA Astrophysics Division Operating Missions stated that it is unlikely that Gravity Probe B team will be able to reduce the errors to the level necessary to produce a convincing test of currently-untested aspects of General Relativity (including Frame-dragging).[56][57]
A 1% measurement of the Lense–Thirring effect in the gravitational field of the Earth could be obtained by launching at least two entirely new satellites, preferably with active mechanisms of compensation of the non-gravitational forces, in eccentric orbits, as stated in 2005 by Lorenzo Iorio.[58] Recently, the Italian Space Agency (ASI) has announced that the LARES satellite should be launched with a Vega rocket at the beginning of 2011.[59] The goal of LARES is to measure the Lense–Thirring effect to 1%, but there are doubts that this can be achieved,[60][61][62][63][64] mainly due to the relatively low-orbit which LARES should be inserted into bringing into play more mismodelled even zonal harmonics.[clarification needed] That is, spherical harmonics of the Earth's gravitational field caused by mass concentrations (like mountains) can drag a satellite in a way which may be difficult to distinguish from frame-dragging. Recently, an indirect test of the gravitomagnetic interaction accurate to 0.1% has been reported by Murphy et al. with the Lunar laser ranging (LLR) technique,[65] but Kopeikin questioned the ability of LLR to be sensitive to gravitomagnetism.[66]
Astronomical evidence
Relativistic jets may provide evidence for the reality of frame-dragging. Gravitomagnetic forces produced by the Lense–Thirring effect (frame dragging) within the ergosphere of rotating black holes[69][70] combined with the energy extraction mechanism by Penrose[71] have been used to explain the observed properties of relativistic jets. The gravitomagnetic model developed by Reva Kay Williams predicts the observed high energy particles (~GeV) emitted by quasars and active galactic nuclei; the extraction of X-rays, γ-rays, and relativistic e-e+ pairs; the collimated jets about the polar axis; and the asymmetrical formation of jets (relative to the orbital plane).
Mathematical derivation of frame-dragging
Frame-dragging may be illustrated most readily using the Kerr metric,[72][73] which describes the geometry of spacetime in the vicinity of a mass M rotating with angular momentum J
where rs is the Schwarzschild radius
and where the following shorthand variables have been introduced for brevity
\alpha = \frac{J}{Mc}
c^{2} dt^{2}
We may re-write the Kerr metric in the following form
In the plane of the equator this simplifies to:[74]
Lense–Thirring effect inside a rotating shell
Inside a rotating spherical shell the acceleration due to the Lense–Thirring effect would be [75]
where the coefficients are
d_1 = \frac{4MG}{3Rc^2}
d_2 = \frac{4MG}{15Rc^2}
for MGRc2 or more precisely,
The space-time inside the rotating spherical shell


Nasa Creating Real Clouds Makes it rain (video)
 In Blog, video
Nasa Creating Real Clouds Makes it rain
Many call this a weather modification cloud machine but, this is where Nasa does their testing for their space shuttle solid rock boosters, being able to pull through half a million of gallons of fuel to throttle astronauts into Space.
Once The machine starts working even though you are watching a video, it gives you the chills it just makes the hair on the back of your neck stand up.
A white noise is played through a giant speaker to simulate a noise of a rockets, what this means nothing can be around when the engine is turned on, they even had to remove 5 cemeteries so nothing was around when this was turned on, with one hundred and twenty-five thousands of acres of nothing around the engine testing facility.
nasa cloud
When the engine is started it is able to generator an actual cloud with a mix of hydrogen and oxygen creating water vapor, basically creating a real working weather system which it will rain. Amazing what the capabilities of the machine and what it can do!
Nasa Creating Real Clouds, many think this is what caused the Mississippi Flooding, The future of warfare would possibly be facilities like this which also exist in other places in some Islands which not many people know about.
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The purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment. Screening tests are usually administered to people without current symptoms, but who may be at high risk for certain diseases or conditions.
People who are being evaluated or treated for a sexually transmitted disease (STD), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that they get screened for HIV, even if they do not have other risk factors for the virus.
The CDC also recommends that all patients in healthcare settings should be tested for HIV and be given the option of declining testing if they do not want it. All pregnant women should be screened for the virus, as well.
Additionally, people who work in healthcare settings and correctional facilities should be screened. Men who have sex with other men should also be tested annually for HIV and other STDs.
If you have risk factors for contracting HIV, such as using IV drugs or having multiple sex partners, talk to your doctor about screening.
- Reviewer: Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD
- Review Date: 12/2011 -
- Update Date: 12/30/2011 -


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Akada enables you to send emails to parents, students, or staff. Additionally, you can email a class, a specific group of classes, or group codes. Emails can be sent using the main studio email address or from your user email address. You can email receipts, statements, confirmations, as well as several other reports. We'll talk more about emailing those things in other articles. Here we will discuss sending a typical mass email.
- From the home page "email" from the middle of the screen.
- Choose which address to send your email from by click "school" or "user" at the top of the page.
- To select recipients, click the Bcc* button or the "select recipients" link at the top.
- On the Select Recipients screen, select who the email is going to (accounts, students, classes, etc.)
- Select the status of the recipients (active, inactive, both, prospects, etc.)
- Choose a Last Name filter if you desire.
- Click Search, and the Search Results Screen will load.
- From this choose who will be receiving the email (you can select all using the blue link on the left of the screen).**
- When emailing accounts, you can click the pink buttons to include parent 1, 2, or both.
- Click Add Recipients.
- This will prompt a pop-up confirming the number of recipients and total emails.
- Close the pop-up and click the Return to Message button to prepare your email.
- Once you're back on the send email screen, if you wish to add more recipients (students or staff, for example), repeat the steps above.
*We strongly encourage sending group emails as Blind Courtesy Copies to protect the security of your customers' email addresses.
**To choose only specific recipients from the list click to highlight the first recipient. Then press and hold your Control key (command key for Mac users). While holding the control key, click on the other recipients you wish to include.
Attaching a File:
- From the send email screen, click the attach file button at the bottom of the screen.
- From the following pop-up, click the choose file button.
- Find the attachment from your computer and click open.
- Click the Attach File button.
Save for Later – When typing an email that you regularly send (an answer to common questions, for example), you can save that email in your Akada database to use in the future. Enter the subject line and your email message and then click the "Save email" button at the bottom of the screen. The email title will match the subject line.
Load Saved Email – To retrieve a previously saved email, click the "Load Saved Email" button. It will load the title of the email as the subject line and the text into the body field.
Add Signature – On your email setup page, you may create an email signature for each user. To add that signature to an email, click the Add Signature button at the top of the screen.


Mainline US churches praised for being change-bringers
By Ecumenical News International
11 Nov 2010
The head of the World Council of Churches has affirmed its ties with the National Council of Churches USA, praising churches in the United States for "bringing change and reformation in this sinful world" - writes Chris Herlinger.
"The 'old world' of Europe brought the teaching of Martin Luther; you had the Baptist leader and visionary dreamer of a new future, Martin Luther King," WCC General Secretary the Rev Olav Fykse Tveit said on 11 November 2010 at the NCCUSA's centennial ecumenical gathering in New Orleans, Louisiana.
The WCC leader noted that the rest of the world has often criticised US dominance in the 20th century, a period sometimes called the "American century". But the Norwegian Lutheran cleric said the century would also be noted for the role of the US churches in the development of the international ecumenical movement.
"This needs to be recalled at a time when you and also many others in the world are aware of less beneficial effects of the American century on others in the world," said Tveit.
The New Orleans gathering marks the centenary of the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh, Scotland, a 1910 event often referred to as the launch of the international ecumenical movement for church unity that led to the founding of the WCC in 1948.
The Geneva-headquartered WCC now groups 349 churches, mainly Anglican, Orthodox and Protestant. The Roman Catholic Church is not a member but works with the WCC on some issues.
The global ecumenical movement needs to be open to "relevant critique", Tveit said in his speech.
"The ecumenical movement was and must be something very different from a movement of the glory of an empire, for it is a movement which shares both an openness to the presence of Christ in the other and a willingness to bear the weight of the cross together," he said.
"The time for crusades is over. We know we cannot fight for our faith through the power of domination or oppression. We have learned from the mistakes of the past, linking mission and colonialism, or claiming to promote values of the Gospel such as democracy and peace in the clothes of imperialism and military intervention," he stated.
On 10 November, the NCCUSA's governing board adopted a resolution calling for an end to US military involvement in Afghanistan. The resolution asks that the United States, under the leadership of President Barack Obama, negotiate the withdrawal of US and NATO military forces "to be completed as soon as possible without further endangerment to the lives and welfare of US and NATO troops, Afghan troops and Afghan civilians".


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In contrast to known Raman-thermometric measurements of thermal conductivity (k) of suspended Si nano-membranes, here we apply Raman thermometry for k measurement of monoand nano-crystalline Si films on quartz, which is important for applications in thermoelectricity and nanoelectronics. Experimentally, we measure linear dependence of the laser-induced Raman band downshift, which is proportional to the moderate heating ΔT, on the laser power P. Then we convert the downshift to ΔT and determine the ratio ΔT/P. The actual power absorbed by the film is calculated theoretically and controlled experimentally by the reflection/transmission measurement. Then we calculate ΔTcalc/P for arbitrary film k assuming diffusive phonon transport (DPT). Film k is determined from the condition ΔT/P = ΔTcalc/P. We show that this method works well for films with thickness h > Λ where Λ is phonon-mean-free path, even for low-k films like nano-crystalline Si and SiGe. For h < Λ despite ballistic phonon transport contribution, this approach works when the in-plane DPT dominates, e.g. in Si films on quartz with h ≥ 60 nm. We also show that the influence of thermal boundary resistance on the determined k is negligible at this condition. The proposed method is simple and time efficient, as dozen of films can be examined in one hour.
|Number of pages||6|
|Journal||International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Aug 2018|
- SILICON NANOWIRES


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Read Kansas! Middle School - M-19 Depletion of the Buffalo
This middle school lesson uses the buffalo as the object of conflict among the Plains Indians and buffalo hunters on the western frontier. The lesson encourages students to compare and contrast different cultural views. Students work with an 1872 diary to understand the point of view of a buffalo hunter. The lesson is written for two class sessions but can be adjusted to meet individual classroom needs.
To view a PDF of the front and back, click on the card
Kansas History Standards:
- Benchmark 3, Indicator 1: The student describes the reasons for tension between the American Indians and the United States government over land in Kansas (e.g., encroachment on Indian lands, depletion of the buffalo and other natural resources, the Sand Creek massacre, broken promises).
- Benchmark 4, Indicator 9: The student uses paraphrasing and organizational skills to summarize information (e.g., stated and implied main ideas, main events, important details) from appropriate-level narrative, expository, technical, and persuasive texts in logical order.
Common Core Reading Standards:
- RH. 6-8.2 The student will determine the central ideas or information of a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary of the source distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.


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Location: Bioenergy Research Unit
Title: Nutrient Recovery from the Dry Grind Process Using Sequential Micro and Ultrafiltration of Thin Stillage Authors
|Arora, Amit -|
|Belyea, Ronald -|
|Singh, Vijay -|
|Tumbleson, M -|
|Rausch, Kent -|
Submitted to: Bioresource Technology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: December 31, 2009
Publication Date: February 6, 2010
Citation: Arora, A., Dien, B.S., Belyea, R.L., Singh, V., Tumbleson, M.E., Rausch, K.D. 2010. Nutrient Recovery from the Dry Grind Process Using Sequential Micro and Ultrafiltration of Thin Stillage. Bioresource Technology. 101(11):3859-3863. Interpretive Summary: Micro and ultrafiltration are alternate processes to remove water from complex industrial processing streams. In this paper, we examined the ability of these methods to remove water and enhance the value of an intermediate product associated with corn ethanol termed "thin stillage." The results were very promising. The membrane operations were successful in concentrating the thin stillage to a solids content similar to the condensed syrup product currently made from thin stillage via energy intensive water evaporation. At the same time, it was effective in recovering protein from the liquid stream, which could add value for when the recovered solids are used for animal feed. Finally, it is expected that the semi-clarified water product off the membranes will aid in promoting water efficiency for producing ethanol from corn.
Technical Abstract: The effectiveness of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) for nutrient recovery from a thin stillage stream was determined. When a stainless steel MF membrane (0.1 um pore size) was used, the content of solids increased from 7.0% to 22.8% with a mean permeate flux rate of 45 L/m**2/h (LMH), fat increased, and ash content decreased. UF experiments were conducted in batch mode under constant temperature and flow rate conditions. Permeate flux profiles were evaluated for regenerated cellulose membranes (YM1, YM10, and YM100) with molecular weight cut offs of 1, 10, and 100 kDa. UF increased total solids, protein, and fat and decreased ash in retentate stream. When permeate streams from MF were subjected to UF, retentate total solids concentrations similar to those of commercial syrup (23–28.8%) were obtained. YM100 had the highest percent permeate flux decline (70% of initial flux) followed by YM10 and YM1 membranes. Sequential filtration improved permeate flux rates of the YM100 membrane (32.6–73.4 LMH) but the percent decline was also highest in a sequential MF + YM100 system. Protein recovery was the highest in YM1 retentate. Removal of solids, protein, and fat from thin stillage may generate a permeate stream that may improve water removal efficiency and increase water recycling.


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A female orangutan named Bonnie from the National Zoo in Washington DC knows how to whistle and she does it because she can. Bonnie's whistling was documented by Great Ape Trust of Iowa early last December. Her self-taught talent shed new light on the evolution of speech, said Bonnie's keeper Erin Stromberg. "Sounds aren't necessarily all genetic... they also can be behavioral or ecological, and they are also voluntary", Stromberg added. BBC picked up the story last Thursday.
Bonnie whistles because she feels like it, not because for potential food reward. Researchers thought that orangutans have a limited number of sounds that they can make, all are involuntary responses based on emotions or to avoid predators. Bonnie's whistling certainly changed this perception. It turns out that Bonnie's friend, Indah also knew how to whistle. Scientists believe that Indah learned how to whistle from Bonnie. Indah died in 2004.
Bonnie's vocal plasticity might be the answer for the evolution of speech in orangutans or even the great apes.
"Orangutan's spontaneous whistling opens new chapter in study of evolution of speech". Click on the Great Ape Trust of Iowa website or the.pdf version to read more.


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How to make poppies out of egg cartons.
11 poppy crafts for remembrance day. Remember the fallen with these fab kids poppy craft, which are perfect for remembrance day
Remembrance Day art project for kids. Collaboration group poster - each child colors one part of the poster to contribute to a large (approx.
Teach a lesson about peace with a dove peace foldable writing craft, which includes a FREE foldable craftivity, instructions, and book suggestion.


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This study combines theoretical models drawn from folklore studies and anthropology to analyze the construction of cultural identity among the inhabitants of the Orkney Islands off the Northern Coast of Scotland. This work should appeal to scholars interested in anthropology, Scottish history, Scandinavian studies, ethnography, and folklore. This study examines the role of informal narrative (casual stories exchanged by people in everyday interactions) in the process of creating and maintaining cultural identity in relation to the inhabitants of the Orkney Islands off the Northern Coast of Scotland. These narratives serve as the means by which a community negotiates and forms its self-identity and, therefore, provide a suitable window onto this cultural negotiation process. Combining symbolic interpretive theory from anthropology with performance theory from folklore, this analysis illuminates narrative as a cultural tool used to construct various identities, concepts of communality and community.
This analysis, being directed towards the Orkney Islands, seeks to understand Orcadian identity in both its own perception of its separateness from mainland Scotland and the way in which it draws heavily on a sense of Scandinavian identity.
Dr. Michael A. Lange received his Ph.D. in Folklore from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, having completed master's degrees in cultural anthropology and Scandinavian studies from the same institution. He has lived in various parts of Scotland for more than two years, including a year of ethnographic fieldwork in the Orkney Islands. He currently resides in Madison, Wisconsin.
List of Illustrations; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Anatomy of the Text; Chapter One - Background: Setting the Scene; Passages through the Islands; A Potted History of Orkney; Chapter Two - Being Important, Being 'Bigsy'; Importance; Stoicism and Being 'Bigsy'; Chapter Three - Orcadian Accent and Dialect; Language and Authenticity; Threat; Chapter Four - Heritage; History and Heritage; A Dissenting Opinion; Chapter Five - Orcadian Identity, Orcadian Voices; Orcadian Identity/Personal Identity; The Construction of Identity; Belonging to Orkney; Chapter Six - Conclusions; Bibliography; Index.


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is it possible to use hillshade function in ArcMap to calculate shadow areas of buildings or simulate shadows of buildings, using DSM of the buildings and the sun angle and azimuth?
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Please edit your first question if you need to change something. If you just want to add the tags, don't worry because I have done that for you. – Nathan W Nov 10 '10 at 12:52
Also possible duplicate of math.stackexchange.com/questions/9683/… – Gareth Rees Nov 10 '10 at 12:59
And possible duplicate of programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/18086/… – Jaime Soto Nov 10 '10 at 14:13
6 Answers 6
ArcGIS claims to be able to do this at 10 with new 3D Analyst tools: Virtual City Template Enables 3D City Modeling. I say claims because I haven't personally used these tools yet. Here's the documentation for the tool discussed in that article: How Skyline Barrier (3D Analyst) works
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hi how about trying to use sketchup?
i did not do it so if you do let us know how it went
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What you are trying to do is usually called'solar envelope computation'. This paper present a method to compute it:
Eugenio Morello, Carlo Ratti, Sunscapes: 'Solar envelopes' and the analysis of urban DEMs, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 26-34, ISSN 0198-9715, DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.09.005.
Solar envelope computation seems far more complex and different than hill shading. Hill shading usually only uses the orientation, and do not fully model light rays propagation.
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Sketchup works great. You can define all kinds of settings and create time-lapse animations. Using ArcGIS, you can convert DSM to TIN then TIN to Multipatch and COLLADA and load into SketchUp.
In fact back in 2006 even ESRI was acknowledging the SketchUp was the tools for this: Quoting "Users can rapidly develop three-dimensional models that are georeferenced, animate scenes, and produce shadow casting studies for proposed building."
Take a look at the article: _URL_ It only applies to ArcGIS version 9.3.1 and older as this is the last version where the SketchUp6 plugin can be installed. In fact, for your purposes (DSM) it would probably be easier to use the plugin to convert the TIN surface to SketchUp then the new way which requires a few more steps. (The benefit of using the older version is that you can also export vector features (polylines, polygons, points) from ArcGIS to SketchUp whereas in version 10 this is not possible)
As was already mentioned in the previous similar post, ESRI claims to have similar functionality but I have not tried the tools personally.
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Hello swingley,eliavs and jukub thanks for your suggestions, but i think none of your suggestions will get me the right results. perhaps you didn't get the question so i refer you to this article:a-a-r-s.org/acrs/proceeding/ACRS2002/Papers/VHR02-2.pdf. for you to get the picture. At page 3, section 3.2 Shadow simulation: this not so much to read, only a few sentence and figure 5. "Shadow simulation image" depicts exactly what i intended to achieve. perhaps, if anyone has experience solving such a task would be grateful if you could explain a little bit for me. thanks in advance. – Yudine Nov 11 '10 at 13:37
The actual answer to your initial question is no. You cannot use the hillshade function to obtain the shadows. Personally I don't have a very high option of the paper you mention; Aside from the numerous items that just don't make sense, the purpose is to recover information hidden in the shadow areas? Why not use an image taken from a different angle, time of day, etc. I disagree that none of our suggestions will give you the results depicted in figure 5. I will add another answer with some quick sketchup screen captures. – Jakub Nov 11 '10 at 14:56
"but i think none of your suggestions will get me the right results."
I still think you should consider the new ESRI tools or Sketchup. As for Sketchup, you can customize what object cast shadows on what objects. If you just want the shadows themselves -> view model in plan view and un-check perspective -> then paint model white on white background and in Style dialog turn off edges. See below for 2 examples of this; 1: buildings, 2: terrain. You can export this to tiff, import into ArcGIS or other GIS, georeference, classify, convert to polygons if need be.
alt text
alt text
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Hello jukub, i really did not mean that... I just want to thank you....you've made my day. – Yudine Nov 11 '10 at 17:20
Not in Arcgis, but the free SAGA GIS can calculate the shade of objects in a digital surface model: _URL_ Use the analytical hillshading method with the ray-tracing option. All values >90 degrees (>1.56 radians) are shadows (black in the sample figure below). alt text
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Food Citizen Action Project
Students will identify a food system problem and design an intervention to address it. This culminating project has students apply what they have learned from prior lessons, and empowers them to create change.
Working in groups, students will:
 1. Choose a food system problem to address
 2. Describe any downstream effects of the problem on public health, society, and/or ecosystems
 3. Identify factors that contribute to the problem, and choose one factor that the intervention will act upon
 4. Design the intervention, including an achievable goal, specific action steps, and how the effects of the intervention will be measured
 5. Identify allies who could help implement the intervention
 6. Anticipate potential barriers, including groups in opposition to the intervention, and how they could be overcome
Groups may implement all or part of their intervention, if possible. Local interventions will generally be more feasible, but ambitious students should not be discouraged from working on a state or national issue. Examples are provided in the teacher guide.
Have each group share what they learned (and what the intervention achieved, if it was implemented) through a written report and/or presentation. Reports and presentations should include all of the numbered items above.
Download the full project description and teacher guide.


Quick Tip: Understanding Multi-Value Data and the Databus
Quick Tip: Understanding Multi-Value Data and the Databus
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I saw a question in the forums around multi-value data and how someone could pass multi-value data in to a runbook via the Initialize Data activity. I was going to answer the question there but thought it would be better to post an article to reach a broader audience. When dealing with published data on the databus, it's helpful to know exactly how multi-value data is produced and consumed so you can plan your runbooks accordingly. Actually, it's kind of simple once you understand it.
First of all, when I say multi-value data, the term refers to multiple occurrences of an activity's property or properties. You can think of this as a table, an array, or a collection, whatever suits you best. For example, if you ran the PowerShell command:
get-childitem C:\
You would get back a collection of objects, each with several properties. This is multi-value data. You can handle multi-value data in two ways: (1) You can leave it as it is in "collection" form (which is the default behavior), or you can (2) flatten it into a long string of delimited values (like a comma-delimited list).
The way you choose to handle multi-value affects the way the subsequent activities in the runbook are run. If you choose the default behavior, then the next activity will be run one time for each "row" in the data. If you choose to flatten the multi-value data, then the next activity only runs once, but usually you'll have to do your own parsing of the data to pull out relevant values.
Now here's the important part: multi-value data exists only in the activity that created it. Huh? What does that mean? It means that when an activity is triggered, it is triggered by a single instance of the data generated from an activity. Multi-value data in its true "collection" form is never sent to an activity. The next activity is triggered with a single value of that multi-value data. Therefore, the only way to pass in an entire collection of data is to have it flattened in some form first. There is no way to pass in an existing collection of multi-value data because every activity expects to receive a single item.
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 - Which activities produce multi-value data? Doesnt appear to be documented. I noticed that using the Query WMI activity seems to produce flattened data with no delimiter, even if the query produces multiple results.


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A framework for approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) that speeds up inference by parallelizing computation on single computers or whole clusters.
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ABCpy is a highly modular, scientific library for approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) written in Python. It is designed to run all included ABC algorithms in parallel, either using multiple cores of a single computer or using an Apache Spark or MPI enabled cluster. The modularity helps domain scientists to easily apply ABC to their research without being ABC experts; using ABCpy they can easily run large parallel simulations without much knowledge about parallelization, even without much additional effort to parallelize their code. Further, ABCpy enables ABC experts to easily develop new inference schemes and evaluate them in a standardized environment, and to extend the library with new algorithms. These benefits come mainly from the modularity of ABCpy.
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Measuring DIN4150-2: what equipment do you need?
A lot of people know that vibration can cause damage if they exceed certain values. When you use the right vibration analysis equipment, you can always see if the machines are within the DIN4150-2 regulation prescribe. The problem is that a lot of people who want to use vibration monitoring to measure those vibrations do not exactly know what kind of vibration equipment they need. To help you, we will tell you everything you need to know.
What equipment's do you need?
Measuring DIN4150-2 is not easy at all. The vibration measurement technology has evolved a lot over the last decades. This makes the equipment that are used to measure DIN4150-2 incredibly special. But what equipment do you use?
The most important part is the vibration monitor. When you choose a vibration monitor, you need to take attention on the following points:
 - The frequency. There are types of vibration meters which work on different kind of measurements. The SBR-B has a different frequency range and a larger dynamic measuring range than the SBR-A. A SRB-B system is around ten times more accurate as the SRB-A system.
 - A filter. For a measuring device it is important to be able to filter the low frequencies.
 - The battery. In a lot of situations, you will need to measure on certain places where you do not have access to any power. In those cases, you need to be sure that the measuring equipment as a new, good working battery. We are lucky that there are some batteries that can working for almost a week before you need to charge them again. Beside this, there are also designs that are resistant to special climates, like heat, cold, dust and rain. When your battery is running low, but you are still busy measuring the vibrations, it is possible to charge the device in the middle of the project.
When your vibration meter had done the work, you need the data to give you insights on possible faults that are in the construction project. But you are not finished yet. You need a software to analyse, filter and interpret the data you have been measuring. There are multiple software systems that can do this but be sure you find the right one for your own situation.
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Henry Moore is recognized as the single most important figure in the history of British art during the last century and his work has been of critical importance internationally for more than sixty years. Moore's sculpture was initially highly representational, but he gradually moved toward a vocabulary of organic, simplified forms, frequently drawn from nature — including rocks and bones. In this piece, Moore has abstracted the human form and the shape of the sculpture changes greatly as the viewer moves around it.
Henry Moore. Bronze Form, cast 1985. Bronze, 150 x 98 x 69 inches. Gift of Fred and Lena Meijer. © The Henry Moore Foundation/ Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris


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Compact 2.45 GHz ECR Ion Source for generation of singly-charged ions
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), 117218, Moscow, Russia
2 Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR JINR), 141980, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
* Corresponding author: _EMAIL_
Published online: 18 April 2018
2.45 GHz ECR ion sources are widely used for production of protons, single charged heavy ions and secondary radioactive ion beams. This paper describes the development of a compact ECR ion source based on 2.45 GHz coaxial resonator. The first results of extracted current measurements at different resonator configuration as a function of UHF frequency, power and gas flow are presented.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (_URL_


Toss 'em or Keep 'em? What To Do With Harsh Open-Ended Comments in 360-Degree Feedback?
December 21, 2016 by Sandra Mashihi
"A pleasant illusion is better than a harsh reality."
-Christian Nevell Bovee
Open-ended comments have some clear benefits and disadvantages. Participants generally find comments from open-ended questions useful and a great way of clarifying the sometimes confusing quantitative scores (e.g., when rater agreement is low but average scores are moderate or moderately high).
Open-ended comments do have some potential downsides. For one thing, they take more time to complete and require more effort on the part of raters to make them more behavioral and useful. At the same time, open-ended comments might also reveal raters, diminishing anonymity in the feedback process, where the participant is likely to identify who said what.
One of the biggest disadvantages of open-ended comments is the negative impact it can have on the participant.Open-ended comments can create strong emotional reactions that can interfere with the acceptance of feedback and lead to diminished engagement and productivity. For example, Smither and Walker (2004)1 analyzed the impact of upward feedback ratings, as well as open-ended comments, over a one-year period for 176 managers. They found that those who received a small number of unfavorable, behaviorally-based comments improved more than other managers, but those who received a large number relative to positive comments significantly declined in performance more than other managers.
Coach's Critique:
They say that some things are better left unsaid….. I couldn't agree with this statement more. It is common for raters to take advantage of being provided with open-ended questions by stating their opinion about the participant in an overly critical way, either intentionally or unintentionally. This can lead to hurt feelings, diminishment in confidence, and a decreased motivation to change on the part of the participant.
The challenge is to collect as much honest and useful information as possible, while keeping the participants emotional reactions in tact! So, what do consultants or coaches do when they have reviewed a 360-degree feedback that consists of overly critical open-ended comments? Do they toss 'em? Or, do they keep 'em?
This is obviously a difficult question to answer, as it is essentially a judgement call on the part of the coach. In my experience, if a feedback comment is not behavioral AND specific, it does not need to be included. If there is something negative to be said about someone, then perhaps it does NOT need to be mentioned. A rater might say, "No body respects or listens to Joe's presentations! He is clumsy and boring!". Well, here is what I would do….I would ask one question…does the quantitative portion of the 360 results cover development opportunities for presentation skills. If so, I would take this comment OUT. Not only would keeping such a comment emotionally hurt the participant and decrease chances of behavioral change, but it could motivate him to try to identify the rater that made the comment…this could inevitably lead to tremendous resentment and animosity.
So, generally, when comments are highly critical, it might be a good idea to delete the comment or modify it in a way that participant might feel more comfortable to receive.
What has been your experience with harsh and unnecessary open-ended comments? Would you toss 'em or keep 'em?
 1. Smither & Walker, A.G. (2004). Are the characteristics of narrative comments related to improvement in multi-rater feedback ratings over time? Personnel Psychology, 89, 575-581. []
Posted in 360 Degree Feedback
If You Enjoyed This Post...
 1. Sandra–you have effectively raised the major points for and against leaving raw comments in 360 feedback. They usually help explain otherwise confusing quantitative scores and provide a richer, deeper feedback report. However, harsh or punitive comments can bring out the worst in the person being rated, including a desire for payback.
 On our FULLVIEW Feedback InventoryTM, which has 14 places to make comments, we leave every word the raters write. This means that the person being rated sees the whole continuum of verbiage, from the effusive, honey-sweet to the curt, bitter comments.
 The introductory narrative in our FULLVIEW report reminds readers that, no matter what raters said or how low their ratings were, their feedback is a gift of their time and energy. We suggest that people value that rater time and energy, and state that it's better to know the degree to which raters think they walk on water or suck water, than to not know.
 We have found that those receiving the ratings and comments usually put them into perspective, and then move on to creating a development plan. Sometimes, like a new coaching client of mine, they get stuck for a week or two and need additional help to process the hurt and disappointment they feel.
 I am on the side of showing them the true comments and ratings, and then helping them come to grips with the data.
 2. […] feedback and lead to diminished engagement and productivity. For example, Smither and Walker (2004)1 analyzed the impact of upward feedback ratings, as well as open-ended comments, over a one-year […]
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The Mississippiana Collection is a comprehensive collection of books about Mississippi, by and about Mississippians, and/or published in Mississippi. As such, it constitutes a vital resource for the study of Mississippi history and culture. These books can be accessed through the library catalog.
In addition to the Mississippiana book collection, the library subscribes to several serials (magazines, journals, newsletters, and numerous other professional and organizational publications) relating to Mississippi. McCain Library serves as a depository for Mississippi state documents. These items provide information on virtually every facet of state government and the economic, social, and cultural characteristics of the state. Many of these can be accessed via the library catalog or by asking the reference librarian. A map collection includes city, country, and state highway maps and various types of soil, mineral, drainage, topographic, nautical, historical, and specialty maps. They document Mississippi and the region from 1699 to the present. Vertical Files consisting primarily of newspaper clippings and pamphlets contain up-to-date information about the people, events, social issues, institutions, cities, and towns of Mississippi. Also included is historical information on a variety of subjects. The Mississippiana Collection maintains copies of telephone books for the entire state, and city directories for the state's major cities.


Capture python that ate a goat – Metro Ecuador (press Release)
A python was captured by inhabitants of the village of Baihata Chariali, the snake had been responsible for the death of domestic animals.
It was a python, about 4.5 meters long-that had swallowed a goat that still didn't quite digest, and therefore could not move with agility.
The villagers decided to capture the animal for delivery to an entity for the protection of animals.
The fact has been disseminated through a video on YouTube where you can see the animal tied with a bow, and several people taking advantage of the opportunity to have photos taken with the huge serpent.
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Blowing Their Tops (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 1|Grade 2|Grade 3
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This one-page story incorporates fun facts of the U.S. to describe what volcanoes are and how the U.S. has volcanoes in Hawaii, Alaska, and the western part of the country. The story is supported by three comprehension activities: determine if sentences are true or false, sequence volcanic explanations, and complete a word puzzle. (Find other units by searching 'US Facts 1-3').
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In search of lost parts of his childhood, Jonny Briggs explores a reality outside what he was socialised into by creating new ones using himself and his parents as the main subject. Through these he uses photography to explore his relationship with deception, the constructed reality of the family, and question the boundaries between child/adult, self/other, nature/culture, real/fake in attempt to revive the unconditioned self, beyond the family bubble. Although easily assumed to be photoshopped or faked, upon closer inspection the images are often realised to be more real than first expected. Involving staged installations, the cartoonesque and the performative, Briggs looks back to his younger self and attempt to re-capture childhood nature through assuming adult eyes. Recent exhibitions include Photoforum PasquArt Photo Museum, Switzerland (2017), Unseen Art Fair, Amsterdam, MC2, Nehtherland (2017), When something bad happens more than once, it starts to feel normal, N Contemporary, Turin, Italy (2016), Centre Photographique, Rouen, Normandy, France, Curated by Raphaëlle Stopin (2016), Soil Culture: Young Shoots, The Eden Project, Cornwall, UK (2016).