Correlation Between Smoking cigarettes and Erectile Dysfunction in Men
There are numerous factors this kind of as bodily and psychological aspects in their broad rages that can result in erectile dysfunction in males. A single of the triggers is known to be smoking since smoking cigarettes has the capacity to ruin blood vessels and arteries not to open up effectively adequate to enable totally free stream of blood. The Entire world Wellness Organization often warn that smokers are liable to die younger because of numerous health hazards they exposing them selves to. Among several this sort of illnesses contain coronary heart illness, stroke, cardiovascular conditions, and pulmonary condition.
Do not let it cross your head that Viagra will be of support. Latest conclusions experienced revealed that, for a rigid, stronger and more quickly erection in males, smoking cigarettes should be stopped.
This writes up tends to do justice to the correlation among smoking cigarettes and erectile dysfunction in gentlemen and as properly lose light on a lot of motives why you require to give up smoking because cigarette smoking can hurt blood vessels and impede normal blood stream that can cause erectile dysfunction.
Symptoms and Triggers of Erectile Dysfunction
There are many indications and triggers of erectile dysfunction in men. There is a excellent need to have to seek health-related assist for any of the signs that will later on be listed here, most particularly if it has been re-transpiring.
This will empower your health care doctor to examine the essential cause and what are necessary to be dealt with. Modern conclusions have proven that there is a strong correlation amongst using tobacco and erectile dysfunction and males who entirely stop using tobacco can have much better, a lot more rigid erections when compared to those who do not stop.
Indications of Erectile Dysfunction
Beneath are the indicators and signs and symptoms of erectile dysfunction:
Dropped curiosity in intercourse
Trouble in having rigid erection
Incapacity to maintain an erection while obtaining intercourse
Causes of Erectile Dysfunction
As it was described earlier, there are several triggers of erectile dysfunction. Outlined below are the main triggers of ED:
Using tobacco
Cardiovascular illness
Diabetic issues
And much far more
How is Erection Feasible?
Erection happens when there is an improve in blood circulation to the penis which is always stirred by sexual imaginations or actual physical contact with the penis. When stirred, the penis gets to be unwind and make way for will increase blood flow via the penile arteries into the two chambers in the penis which is referred to as the corpora cavernosa.
As shortly as the chambers become loaded up, the penis turns into rigid. When the muscle tissues contract and the accrued blood circulation out through the penile veins, then erection turn out to be placid.
Consequent upon the above, erectile dysfunction occurs when there is an situation at any phase of the method.
Even so, the substances existing in cigarette have the potential to wipe out the blood vessels in men's penis and impact its rigidity. The substances not only have adverse outcomes on the penis but also injure the kidneys, lung, mind, coronary heart and several tissues in the total body.
Revelation from Researches
Reports have shown that men who smoke cause more damage to their sperm than those who do not smoke. Smokers' testes and accessory glands had been noticed to have irritation which results in destroyed sperm. This using tobacco practice negatively has an effect on the health motion in the sperm that qualified prospects to improved DNA fragmentation in the sperm.
Erectile dysfunction is acknowledged to build at any grownup phase. But it tends to be frequent as gentlemen progress in age. Researchers have discovered that the elementary dilemma of erectile dysfunction in young gentlemen is most very likely caused by inhalation from a cigarette.
Individuals who smoke are at considerably increased chance of obtaining erectile dysfunction in contrast to non-smokers. bongs near me of damages completed to your erectile purpose, your age and injury to other parts of the body can have an effect on the stage of erectile perform reversibility when you quit smoking cigarettes.
Impacts of Smoking cigarettes on the Sexual Health
Active using tobacco and in some cases passive cigarette smoking can cause erectile dysfunction. Using tobacco has the potential to ruin healthful muscle tissues in the penis which in-turn impact erectile functioning. This also can lead to a lesser libido.
Cigarette smoking cigarettes has an adverse impact on the sex existence of the two men and girls and provides about infertility. Also, there is this issue of having a reduction in the dimension of the penis. Now, envision the psychological effects it will have on an individual who is employed to possessing a more substantial size of a penis. There is the dilemma of infertility way too.
Coping and Taking care of Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction has a demonstrative influence on the impacted man and his partner. Men with this problem normally feel annoyed, unfortunate, tiny or no confidence and furious permit on your own a associate who is currently being denied sexual enjoyment. The excellent information is that erectile dysfunction or impotence can be handled.
Some of the measures in assuaging this issue contain getting sincere, opening up to equally your associate and the medical professional. Communication is an crucial device in the investigation and administration of the point out of your overall health. There is a wonderful want to always permit your associate know how you are emotion for adequate assist and guidance.
Also, notice that you will need tolerance with self in your remedy and restoration procedure, having it in mind that person response to treatment method is relative.
Helpful Hints on How to Stop Smoking cigarettes
The very best decisive actions are usually meant to be taken now. If you have been contemplating to cease using tobacco cigarettes, now is the greatest time to stop these kinds of a harmful routine. Researchers have confirmed it that smokers are at a larger risk of building erectile dysfunction compared to nonsmokers.
There are a whole lot of fast and long-phrase positive aspects of stopping this kind of a dangerous practice (smoking), 1 of this kind of is improved blood circulation inside your human body techniques.
Tips that will improve your determination to cease cigarette smoking are:
Decisively decide on a date to stop cigarette smoking
Dispose of all supplies and items connected with a cigarette from your environs.
Chat to your health-related doctor for medicines that can assist you to cease the smoking behavior.
Avoid areas, function, and folks connected with cigarette smoking.
Exercise frequently
Go to areas that forbid smoking
Preserve in your memory the wellness advantages of stopping that hazardous habit of smoking cigarettes.
Keep away from getting idle by engaging by yourself in undertaking one thing effective.
Confide in your family, friends, and co-personnel telling them of your determination to quit cigarette smoking and solicit for their assistance.
Imagine me, the urge to indulge in that harmful practice will want to occur again, consider courage to deal with these kinds of and say NO to the urge once more and again.
Immediate Positive aspects of halting to using tobacco are:
Typical blood force will be restored
Improved amount of oxygen in your blood
Restoration of sense of smell
Improved blood circulation in the human body
Nicotine stage in the blood will get started to diminish
Transient Problems of Quitting Smoking cigarettes
There are some transient results you really feel in your physique when you decide to cease cigarette smoking. Your body will certainly react to this sudden adjust because of denying him all the dangerous substances that constitute cigarette. Nevertheless, never ever mind all these outcomes simply because they are momentary and will definitely fade absent inside 5 times. These outcomes consist of:
Lower blood sugar
Extra excess weight
It has been established that smoking has an adverse influence on penile erection. Quitting this hazardous behavior is a confident way for people who smoke to conquer the problems of erectile dysfunction. A healthy life-style is a certain way to stop erectile dysfunction, in some situations it can normalize the condition. Always do normal physical exercise, eat a well balanced diet, sustain typical bodyweight, zero cigarettes, zero liquor, reduce your anxiety and keep away from large blood pressure.


text:
ImageMagick, is a software suite to create, edit, and compose bitmap images. It can read, convert and write images in a large variety of formats. Images can be cropped, colors can be changed, various effects can be applied, images can be rotated and combined, and text, lines, polygons, ellipses and Bézier curves can be added to images and stretched and rotated.
Features and Capabilities
Here are just a few examples of what ImageMagick can do:
- Format conversion: convert an image from one format to another (e.g. PNG to JPEG).
- Tranform: resize, rotate, crop, flip or trim an image.
- Transparency: render portions of an image invisible.
- Draw: add shapes or text to an image.
- Decorate: add a border or frame to an image.
- Special effects: blur, sharpen, threshold, or tint an image.
- Text & comments: insert descriptive or artistic text in an image.
- Image identification: describe the format and attributes of an image.
- Animation: create a GIF animation sequence from a group of images.
- Composite: overlap one image over another.
- Montage: juxtapose image thumbnails on an image canvas.
More details on ImageMagick are available from _URL_ 6.8.7-9 - updated 2013-12-31

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What Is Illocution And Example?
What is Illocutionary Act example?
When somebody says "Is there any salt?" at the dinner table, the illocutionary act is a request: "please give me some salt" even though the locutionary act (the literal sentence) was to ask a question about the presence of salt..
What are the types of Illocutionary act?
The five basic kinds of illocutionary acts are: representatives (or assertives), directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations.
What is the difference between Locutionary Illocutionary and Perlocutionary?
While locutionary act is the action of making a meaningful utterance and illocutionary act is performing an intentional utterance, perlocutionary act talks about producing the effect of the meaningful, intentional utterance.
What is an example of an utterance?
An utterance is a bit of spoken language. It could be anything from "Ugh!" to a full sentence. To utter means "to say." So when you're saying something, you're making utterances. Saying "24" in math class is an utterance.
What is a directive speech act?
A directive speech act is a reason to bring about the truth of a certain propositional content, and this propositional content is that of the directive speech act at hand. When (32) is interpreted as an order to clean the table, the utterance is a reason to bring about the truth of the proposition [the table is clean].
What is the example of Locutionary?
Example. For example, the phrase "Don't do that!", a locutionary act with distinct phonetic, syntactic and semantic features, which corresponds to meaning, is an utterance serving as warning to the listener to not do the thing they are currently doing or about to do.
How do you identify Illocutionary acts?
Although illocutionary acts are commonly made explicit by the use of performative verbs like "promise" or "request," they can often be vague as in someone saying "I'll be there," wherein the audience cannot ascertain whether the speaker has made a promise or not.
What are the 5 types of speech acts?
Types of Speech ActsRepresentatives: assertions, statements, claims, hypotheses, descriptions, suggestions.Commissives: promises, oaths, pledges, threats, vows.Directives: commands, requests, challenges, invitations, orders, summons, entreaties, dares.More items…
What does Perlocutionary mean?
: of or relating to an act (as of persuading, frightening, or annoying) performed by a speaker upon a listener by means of an utterance — compare illocutionary, locutionary.
What is the meaning of Locutionary?
: of or relating to the physical act of saying something considered apart from the statement's effect or intention — compare illocutionary, perlocutionary.
What is the meaning of Locutionary act?
In speech-act theory, a locutionary act is the act of making a meaningful utterance, a stretch of spoken language that is preceded by silence and followed by silence or a change of speaker—also known as a locution or an utterance act.
What is speech act in semantics?
On the semantics of speech acts☆ Speech acts are linguistic structures which are used with illocutionary force in specific social and institutional contexts. … Though social institutions change with time, performative verbs change slowly if at all in their essential semantic components.
What is speech act in pragmatics?
Speech act theory is a subfield of pragmatics that studies how words are used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. … Many philosophers and linguists study speech act theory as a way to better understand human communication.
What is the difference between Locutionary and Illocutionary act?
Locutionary act: saying something (the locution) with a certain meaning in traditional sense. … Illocutionary act: the performance of an act in saying something (vs. the general act of saying something). The illocutionary force is the speaker's intent.
What is assertive Illocutionary act?
Assertive: an illocutionary act that represents a state of affairs. E.g. stating, claiming, hypothesizing, describing, telling, insisting, suggesting, asserting, or swearing that something is the case. B. Directive: an illocutionary act for getting the addressee to do something.
What is the three types of speech act?
There are three types of force typically cited in Speech Act Theory: Locutionary force—referential value (meaning of code) Illocutionary force—performative function (implication of speaker) Perlocutionary force—perceived effect (inference by addressee)


text:
Flies Fly: Kappatau Space Curves
by Rudy Rucker
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,
San Jose State University, San Jose CA 95192
Copyright (C) Rudy Rucker 1999
Appeared in David Wolfe & Tom Rodgers, eds., Puzzlers' Tribute: A Feast for the Mind, A.K.Peters, Natick, MA, 2002
[Note that this paper is also available online in Romanian, translated by Delia Nastase with the support of Azoft, Inc. In addition the paper is online in German by Alexey Gnatuk, in Polish by Olga Babenko, and in Ukranian by Agnessa Petrova. Thanks to all!]
It's interesting to watch flies buzz around. They trace
out curves in space that are marvelously three-dimensional. Birds fly along space curves
too, but their airy swoops are not nearly so bent and twisted as are the paths of flies.
Is there a mathematical language for talking about the
shapes of curves in space? Sure there is. Math is the science of form, and mathematicians
are always studying nature for new forms to talk about.
Historically, space curves were first discussed by the
mathematician Alexis-Claude Clairaut in a paper called "Recherche sur les Courbes a
Double Courbure," published in 1731 when Clairaut was eighteen. Clairaut is said
to have been an attractive, engaging man; he was a popular figure in eighteenth-century
In speaking of "double curvature," Clairaut
meant that a path through three-dimensional space can warp itself in two independent ways;
he thought of a curve in terms of its shadow projections onto, say, the floor and a wall.
In discussing the bending of the planar, "shadow" curves, Clairaut drew on
recent work by the incomparable Isaac Newton.
Newton's mathematical curvature measures a curve's
tendency to bend away from being a straight line. The more the curve bends, the greater is
the absolute value of its curvature. From the viewpoint of a point moving along the curve,
the curvature is said to be positive when the curve bends to the left, and negative when
the curve bends to the right. The size of the curvature is determined by the principle
that a circle of radius R should have curvature of 1/R. The smaller the radius, the
greater the curvature. Figure 1 shows some examples of circular arcs.
Figure 1: Curvature along circular arcs in the plane.
We often represent a curve in the plane by an equation
involving x and y coordinates. Most calculus students remember a brief, nasty encounter
with Newton's formula for the curvature of a curve; the formula uses fractional powers and
the first and second derivatives of y with respect to x. Fortunately, there is no
necessity for us to trundle out this cruel, ancient idol. Instead we think of curvature as
a primitive notion and express the curve in a more natural way.
The idea is that instead of talking about positions
relative to an arbitrary x axis and y axis, we think of a curve as being a bent
number-line by itself. The curve is marked off in units of "arclength", where
arclength is the distance measured along the curve, just as if the curve were a piece of
rope that you could stretch out next to a ruler.
In this context, the most natural way to describe a plane
curve is by an equation that gives the curvature directly as a function of arclength, an
equation of the form kappa = f(s), where s stands for arclength and kappa is the commonly
used symbol for curvature. Figure 2 shows two famous plane curves which happen to have
simple expressions for curvature as a function of arclength. The catenary curve is the
shape assumed by a chain (or bridge cable) suspended from two points, while the
logarithmic spiral is a form very popular among our friends the molluscs.
Figure 2: The catenary and the logarithmic spiral
expressed by natural equations, with curvature kappa a function of arclength s.
Note that for the spiral, the center is where s approaches
-1; if you jump over the anomalous central point and push down into larger negative values
of s, you produce a mirror-image of the spiral.
It would be nice to also think of space curves in a
natural, coordinate-free way --- surely this is the way a fly buzzing around in the center
of an empty room must think. Profound mathematical insights come hard, and it was a
hundred and twenty years after Clairaut before the correct way to represent a space curve
by intrinsic natural equations was finally discovered --- by the French mathematicians
Joseph Alfred Serret and Frederic-Jean Frenet.
The idea is that at each point of a space curve one can
define two numerical quantities called curvature and torsion. The curvature of a space
curve is essentially the same as the curvature of a plane curve: it measures how rapidly
the curve is bending to one side. The torsion measures a curve's tendency to twist out of
a plane. But what exactly is meant by "bend to one side," and "twist out of
a plane"? Which plane?
The idea is that at each point P of a space curve you can
define three mutually perpendicular unit-length vectors: the tangent T, the normal N, and
the binormal B. T shows the direction the curve is moving in, N lies along the direction
which the curve is currently bending in, and B is a vector perpendicular to T and N. (In
terms of the vector cross product, T cross N is B, N cross B is T, and B cross T is N.)
For space curves we ordinarily work only with positive values of curvature, and have N
point in the direction in which the curve is actually bending. (In certain of the
analytical curves well look at later we relax this condition and allow negative
curvature of space curves.)
Taken together, T, N and B make up the so-called
"moving trihedron of a space curve". In Figure 3 we show part of a space curve
(actually a helix) with several instances of the moving trihedron. So that it's easier to
see the three-dimensionality of the image, we draw the curve as a ribbon like a twisted
ladder. The curve runs along one edge of the ladder, and the rungs of the ladder
correspond to the directions of successive normals to the curve.
Figure 3: The moving trihedron of a space curve: T the
tangent, N the normal, and B the binormal.
To understand exactly how the normal is defined, it helps
to think of the notion of the "osculating" (kissing) plane. At each point of a
space curve there is some plane that best fits the curve at that point. The tangent vector
T lies in this plane, and the direction perpendicular to T in this plane holds the normal
N. The binormal is a vector perpendicular to the osculating plane.
With the idea of the moving trihedron in mind, we can now
say that the curvature measures the rate at which the tangent turns, and the torsion
measures the rate at which the binormal turns.
Note that T, N and B are always selected so as to form a
right-handed coordinate system. This means that if you hold out the thumb, index finger
and middle finger of your right hand, these directions correspond to the tangent, the
normal, and the binormal.
Figure 4: A right-hand as a trihedron.
Just as the circle is the plane curve characterized by
having constant curvature, the helix is the space curve characterized by having constant
curvature and constant torsion. Figure 5 shows how the signs of the curvature and torsion
affect the shapes of plane and space curves.
Figure 5: How the signs of the curvature and torsion
affect the motion of a curve.
Now let's look for some space formulae analogous to the
plane formula stating that the curvature of a circle of radius R is 1/R. Think of a helix
as wrapping around a cylinder --- like a vine growing up a post. Let R be the radius of
the cylinder, and let H represent the turn-height: the vertical distance it takes the
helix to make one complete turn (and to make the formulae nicer, we measure turn-height in
units 2*pi as large as the units we measure R in.)
The sizes of the curvature and torsion on a helix with
radius R and turn-height H are given by two nice equations. We write "tau" for
torsion and, as before, "kappa" for curvature:
kappa = R / (R^2 + H^2), and
tau = H / (R^2 + H^2).
It's an interesting exercise in algebra to try and turn
these two equations around and solve for R and H in terms of kappa and tau. (Hint: Start
by computing kappa^2 + tau^2. When you're done, your new equations will look a lot like
the original equations.)
Some initial things to notice are that if H is much
smaller than R, you get a curvature roughly equal to 1/R, just like for a circle, and a
tau very close to 0. If, on the other hand, R is very close

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
With an economic structure that relies heavily on agriculture and more than half of our land actively used for agricultural production, Western New York has a lot to gain from improved soil management practices. To assist in bringing high-quality conservation soil management strategy to the farmers of WNY, the NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets acquired a grant for the development of a Conservation Tillage Alliance in Genesee and Orleans Counties. Since the grant was acquired in 2015, Orleans and Genesee's Soil and Water Conservation Districts, with local farmers, have worked together to begin development of the farmer-led Western New York Soil Health Alliance. The WNY SHA was incorporated in August of 2016 and is governed by an elected Board of Directors.
Mission & Vision
WNY SHA envisions a future where farmers use soil health systems to reduce agriculture's negative impacts on the environment, while simultaneously improving the long-term productivity of our soils and efficiency of local farming practices. We aspire to promote and support the successful application of good soil health practices through shared ideas, experience, education and new technology, working to ensure that the tradition and culture of farming in WNY can be carried on to future generations.
1. To promote local farm trials and share the results to help farmers develop good soil health practices for their own farm operations.
2. Develop a farmer-to-farmer network to promote and educate producers and the general public on the benefits of good soil health practices.
3. Serve as a collective voice for issues affecting production practices for crop, dairy and livestock producers in Western NY.


Taken from:
LinuxSecurity.com: Why is nslookup going away? When do you expect this
to happen? Can you give us an example of how to use 'dig' or 'host' as a
Paul Vixie: nslookup's functionality will probably return in some form,
implementation of nslookup is very closely bound to the internal API of
BIND8, which does not exist in BIND9. Generally, "dig NAME RRTYPE" is
all most people need to know, but if it's important to direct a query to
a particular server then the syntax is "dig NAME RRTYPE _USER_".
Lastly, if what you want is a zone transfer (which nslookup implemented
in its "ls" command), the syntax is "dig NAME axfr _USER_", in
other words, use an RRTYPE of "axfr".
David Conrad: The behavior of nslookup is suboptimal in many areas,
giving weird or un-useful error messages, however it is difficult to
simply fix nslookup as many people rely on the weird behavior
(particularly in scripts). The functionality provided by nslookup will
likely continue (given how many people have written scripts that require
and are used to using nslookup), but we didn't have time to do the full
revision we wanted, so we give a warning suggesting people use dig


text:
SQL Server High Availability and Disaster Recovery (HA/DR)
- 13 hours on-demand video
- 2 downloadable resources
- Full lifetime access
- Access on mobile and TV
- Certificate of Completion
Get your team access to 4,000+ top Udemy courses anytime, anywhere.Try Udemy for Business
- By the end of the course, attendees will be able to understand the different SQL Server high availability and disaster recovery technologies - how they work and properly implement the right solution to address recovery objectives and service level agreements
This demo video is a compilation of different database recovery techniques that SQL Server DBAs should be familiar and comfortable with. We will look at recovering a database to a specific point in time, isolating critical objects or using table partitioning as an HA/DR option (more commonly called online piecemeal restore) and performing page-level restores.
It's not enough to protect your user databases. System databases are at the core of a SQL Server instance. Without them, you won't be able to start your SQL Server service. In this lesson, we will look at what they are and what they are responsible for. We will also look at how to protect the system databases and how we can prepare in case the system databases are unavailable.
This is the demo that accompanies the lesson on protecting system databases. We will look at recovering a SQL Server instance when the drive that hosts the system databases becomes unavailable and how to move the system databases to a different drive as part of your disaster recovery process.
This lesson talks about database mirroring, how it works, the different scenarios that we need to deal with and the factors affecting failover time. The concepts learned in this lesson will form the basis for understanding the new SQL Server 2012 Availability Groups feature.
This is the first demo that accompanies the lesson on database mirroring. We will look at a common database mirroring configuration - SQL Server instances that are in the same Active Directory domain. We will also simulate some of the scenarios we talked about in the lesson - failure of the mirror database and simultaneous failure of both the mirror server and the witness server - and how those failures affect database availability and the SEND the REDO queues in a database mirroring configuration.
This is the second demo that accompanies the lesson on database mirroring. We will look at configuring database mirroring across servers that are not members of an Active Directory domain. The steps in doing so are tricky so make sure to test this out in your lab prior to implementing it in your production environment.
This lesson describes how SQL Server log shipping works and the underlying concepts behind it. At a high level, log shipping is simply an automated process of taking a log backup, copying it and restoring it on a standby database. It's really no different from how transaction log backup and restore works.
This is the demo that accompanies the lesson on SQL Server log shipping. We will go thru the traditional way of configuring log shipping for a SQL Server database using SQL Server Management Studio. We will also look at a potential solution that you can use even on editions of SQL Server that don't officially support log shipping, such as the Express Editions
This lesson discusses the fundamentals of Windows Server Failover Clustering in the context of a SQL Server failover clustered instance. We will look at the different concepts to understand how Windows Server Failover Clustering works to support highly available SQL Server databases. The concepts learned in this lesson also form the foundation for understanding the new SQL Server 2012 Availability Groups feature.
This is the first demo that accompanies the lesson on SQL Server failover clustering fundamentals. We will build a traditional 2-node SQL Server failover clustered instance on Windows Server 2012 from start to finish and install SQL Server 2012 Service Pack 1.
SQL Server 2012 natively supports multi-subet/geographically dispersed clusters. In this second demo on failover clustering, we will build a 2-node SQL Server failover clustered instance that spans across multiple geographical locations. We will also look at the different network configurations that need to be considered to achieve our recovery objectives and service level agreements
- Attendees should have a basic understanding of managing and administering SQL Server databases
This is a deep dive course on understanding how SQL Server works to effectively choose the right high availability and disaster recovery solution that will address every organization's need to protect digital assets. Packed with videos explaining concept and demos to reinforce the lessons, this course is what every IT professional needs to properly manage and protect a SQL Server database.
The course uses SQL Server 2012 for demonstrations. But the concepts still apply to later versions of SQL Server on Windows.
- Senior IT professionals
- SQL Server administrators
- Software developers who write applications for SQL Server


text:
A warming Earth causes the volume of mountain glaciers and their extent to decline globally for decades. At the same time, the cover of many glaciers with debris changes. However, this debris coverage has been rarely recorded so far. A study by the scientist Dirk Scherler of the German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ and two colleagues from Switzerland - one of them employed by Google - now shows a possibility to detect the extent of debris on mountain glaciers globally and automatically via satellite monitoring.
In their work, the scientists used the cloud computing platform "Google Earth Engine". This is a web-based development environment and database of satellite imagery from forty years of remote sensing that is freely accessible to researchers. The images for the study in the journal Geophysical Research Letters came from the satellites Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and have a spatial resolution of 30 by 30 and 10 by 10 meters respectively per pixel. The scientists compared the images from space with an electronic glacier catalog, the Randolph Glacier Inventory, to determine the debris coverage. For this they have developed an automatic method that makes pixel-by-pixel comparisons across the globe. "Our approach, in principle, allows rapid mapping of changes in debris coverage for any period for which satellite imagery is available," says Dirk Scherler.
A manual review showed robust results. According to this, 4.4 percent of the glacier surface in mountains is covered with rubble (the Greenland ice sheet and the Antarctic were not included in the study). The distribution is uneven: Towards the poles, the debris coverage decreases as the landscape here is rather flat. In steep mountain regions, such as the Himalayas, there is more debris on the glaciers. Moreover, the study showed that the coverage ratio is higher for smaller glaciers than for larger ones. With global glaciers shrinking, the percentage of debris coverage is expected to increase, making it more important to monitor debris coverage.
Mountain glaciers are of great importance for regions where their meltwater flows: it serves as drinking water, irrigates agricultural areas or drives turbines. According to the authors, the results of the study provide a basis for future modeling of the effects of debris on the ice, from the regional scale to the global scale.
Original Study: Scherler, D., Wulf, H., Gorelick, N. (2018): Global Assessment of Supraglacial Debris Cover Extents. Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1029 / 2018GL080158.
Scientific contact person: Dirk Scherler (_EMAIL_)


text:
Second graders have been doing fresco painting. I introduced them to
Fra Angelico after their study of illuminated letters/manuscripts. They
first drew their pictures in white chalk on dark blue construction
paper. Next, they highlighted with gold peel and stick foil paper as
their gold leaf. When they were ready to paint, they first colored the
area to be painted with more white chalk and used tempera paint to
cover. The colors seem to intensify, and paintings are striking!
Now, I want to make the connection to Michaelangelo and his fresco
painting. I read somewhere about a lesson where the children painted
on paper secured under their desks -- like Michaelangelo did when
painting his ceiling. Have any of you tried this? Is it something you
think that I can do with 2nd graders? I would like to introduce it on
Wednesday, so any suggestions you can give me this weekend would be
greatly appreciated! Thanks, Everyone!


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Commerson's dolphin
Cephalorhynchus commersonii
Commerson's dolphins have unique black and white colour markings and are easy to recognise; they are nick-named panda dolphins. Baby Commerson's dolphins are not black and white, they are grey all over and change colour as they get older.
Commerson's dolphins show typical dolphin curiosity towards humans and will readily approach boats to bowride and wake ride. They are energetic and active, often performing figure of eight swim-patterns underneath boats, spinning underwater and leaping clear of the water. Commerson's dolphins also appear to enjoy surfing on waves close to shore.
Other names: piebald dolphin, panda dolphin, tonina overa
Commerson's dolphin illustration
Male Female Calf
Maximum length 1.8m 1.8m 0.65m
Maximum weight 86kg 86kg 5.5kg
IUCN conservation status: Least concern
What do Commerson's dolphins look like?
Commerson's dolphins are small, chubby dolphins with cone-shaped heads and no beak. Their most obvious feature is their sharp black and white markings. The body (back and belly) is mainly white and the throat is white. Their heads, faces, flippers, dorsal fin and tail are black. Their flippers are small and paddle-shaped and their tail flukes have rounded tips. The dorsal fin is large and rounded; it looks like one of Mickey Mouse's ears.
Commerson's dolphin babies are grey, black or brown; they change colour and develop vivid markings as they get older. Juveniles are black and grey and adults are black and white.
The largest Commerson's dolphins are those living around the Kerguelen Islands and can grow up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) long. The smaller South American Commerson's dolphins grow to 1.46 m (4 ft 8 in). The Kerguelen population with up to 86kg compared with their South American cousins at 45kg.
What's life like for a Commerson's dolphin?
Commerson's dolphins are generally found in shallow coastal waters in small groups of fewer than ten individuals but they can gather seasonally in groups of up to 100 for feeding and breeding.
Commerson's dolphins are fast, active swimmers. They like to bow-ride and swim upside down, spinning underwater. They jump out of the water frequently and they are at home in shallow turbulent water, often surfing on breaking waves close to shore.
Commerson's are social dolphins and can often be seen swimming with other species such as Peale's dolphins, Burmeister's porpoise Chilean dolphins
What do Commerson's dolphins eat?
Commerson's dolphins eat a wide variety of coastal prey including schooling fish such as hake, sardines, silversides and anchovies; squids, marine worms, shrimps and occasionally seaweed. They are not fussy eaters and take advantage of seasonally available prey in their local area.
Where do Commerson's dolphins live?
Commerson's dolphins are found close to the shore in cold waters along open coasts, in sheltered fjords, bays, harbours and river mouths, and occasionally in the lower reaches of rivers. They prefer water less than 200m deep.
There are currently two recognised subspecies; the South American Commerson's dolphins live in coastal waters of Argentina, southernmost Chile, and the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); the second subspecies is the Kerguelen Commerson's dolphins which live only in the coastal waters of the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. The two subspecies are separated from one another by 8500 km (5280 miles) of ocean.
Long distance traveller
On 13 November 2004, a Commerson's dolphin was seen swimming off the coast of South Africa which is over 4000km from the Kerguelen Islands and more than 6000km from South America. Nobody knows how this little dolphin ended up so far from home. Scientists call dolphins like this 'vagrants'.
Distribution map
Commerson's dolphin distribution map
Life Expectancy
Dive deeper
Commerson's dolphins are named after French naturalist Dr Philibert Commerson who first discovered them in the Strait of Magellan in Chile in 1767.
The detailed colouration of each dolphin is unique, making it possible to use this feature to identify individual dolphins. Cuts and scars on the body and notches in the dorsal fin are also used to recognise individual Commerson's dolphins.
We do not know how many Commerson's dolphins there are in the world. We do know that their distribution is limited both in terms of locations where they are found and the fact they are limited to shallow coastal habitats. They are very vulnerable to human threats.
Although the two subspecies of Commerson's dolphins live 8500 km (5280 miles) apart in South America and the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, no sightings of Commerson's dolphins have been made or skeletons found on the islands between South America and Kerguelen, such as Crozet, Heard, Amsterdam, or St Paul.
Around the Falklands (Malvinas) and Kerguelen Islands, as well as off mainland Argentina, Commerson's dolphins are have been seen swimming in or at the edges of kelp forests. When they are feeding in tidal areas in front of small rivers, in kelp forests and in waters influenced by river discharge, they are more typically alone or in small groups.
Commerson's dolphins need your help
The main threat...
 - Fishing gear – their preference for being near to the shore makes Commerson's dolphins very vulnerable to becoming entangled in fishing gear and this is the main threat they face.On the shores of Argentina gillnets are commonly set close to shore; they are fixed to the seafloor at low tide and completely beneath the water at high tide. The size of the bycatch of Commerson's dolphins in some areas at least is not sustainable and researchers believe they are decreasing in numbers. There is also a large bycatch of Commerson's dolphins in the mid-water trawl fisheries along the coast.
 The Kerguelen subspecies is restricted in range and is believed to be very small in number and relatively vulnerable to any human threats
 In the past Commerson's dolphins were hunted and used as crab bait by Chilean and Argentinean fishermen, although this practice is thought to be less prevalent now.
You can help save Commerson's dolphins...
By supporting WDC, you can help Commerson's dolphins to live safe and free. Together, we can:
Please help us save whales and dolphins
Bottlenose dolphin at surface
Adopt a dolphin and help us protect these amazing creatures.
Your gifts help us take action for whales and dolphins.
Orca spyhop


Quality of Life Comparison
If you lived in Nicaragua instead of Bermuda, you would:
live 7.5 years less
In Bermuda, the average life expectancy is 82 years (78 years for men, 85 years for women) as of 2020. In Nicaragua, that number is 74 years (72 years for men, 77 years for women) as of 2020.
make 94.1% less money
Bermuda has a GDP per capita of $99,400 as of 2016, while in Nicaragua, the GDP per capita is $5,900 as of 2017.
be 2.7 times more likely to live below the poverty line
In Bermuda, 11.0% live below the poverty line as of 2008. In Nicaragua, however, that number is 29.6% as of 2015.
have 52.7% more children
In Bermuda, there are approximately 11.2 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020. In Nicaragua, there are 17.1 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020.
be 6.6 times more likely to die during infancy
In Bermuda, approximately 2.5 children die before they reach the age of one as of 2020. In Nicaragua, on the other hand, 16.5 children do as of 2020.
Basic Needs
be 18.2% less likely to have access to electricity
In Bermuda, approximately 100% of the population has electricity access as of 2016. In Nicaragua, 82% of the population do as of 2016.
be 71.6% less likely to have internet access
In Bermuda, approximately 98.0% of the population has internet access as of 2016. In Nicaragua, about 27.9% do as of 2018.
be 16.9% less likely to have access to improved drinking water
In Bermuda, approximately 100% of people have improved drinking water access as of 2017. In Nicaragua, 83% of people do as of 2017.
spend 2.9 times more on education
Bermuda spends 1.5% of its total GDP on education as of 2017. Nicaragua spends 4.3% of total GDP on education as of 2017.
see 8.8 times more coastline
Bermuda has a total of 103 km of coastline. In Nicaragua, that number is 910 km.
Nicaragua: At a glance
How big is Nicaragua compared to Bermuda? See an in-depth size comparison.
Join the Elsewhere community and ask a question about Nicaragua. It's a free, question-and-answer based forum to discuss what life is like in countries and cities around the world.
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How Can Hard Water Affect My Home Appliances and Plumbing?
Water usually has a large amount of calcium and magnesium. But hard water has something at a higher level, and that is minerals. If the water in your area passes through limestone or calcium, you'll likely face it. Since Colorado has mostly mountainous areas, hard water is a big problem there. It has many adverse… Read more »


text:
|Noah Webster's Dictionary|
(n.) The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost.
Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Hoarfrost (3 Occurrences)
Exodus 16:14 And when the layer of dew was gone up, behold upon the face of the wilderness a fine, scale-like thing, fine as the hoar-frost on the ground. (See RSV)
Job 38:29 Out of whose womb came the ice? And the hoar-frost of heaven, who hath gendered it? (See RSV)
Psalms 147:16 He giveth snow like wool: he scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. (KJV RSV)


text:
Water and Solution Evaporation Rates
Date: Winter 2011-2012
After researching many sites including yours, my son attempted an experiment to determine what would evaporate quicker: tap water, bottled purified water, or a homemade solution of salt water. All of the research dictated that the tap water should evaporate first. He conducted the experiment 3 separate times and came up with different results every time. The variables for all three experiments were the same every time. He used 8 ounces of each specific type of water in the same size plastic container each time and allowed it to sit for 48 hours in a controlled area of the house (a dark dining room). He then measured the amount of water left in the container. During the first experiment the tap water evaporated the quickest followed by the salt water and lastly the bottled water. After 48 hours the results were 6 oz (tap), 6.125 oz (salt), 6.25 oz (bottled). In the second experiment the salt water evaporated the quickest then the bottled water and lastly the tap water. The results were 7oz (tap), 6.5 (salt) and 6.75 (bottled). In the third attempt the salt water evaporated quickest, followed by the tap water and lastly the bottled water. The results were 7 oz (tap), 6.75 oz (salt), and 7.125 oz (bottled). Please help explain these findings, we are at a loss trying to explain this. Unfortunately time isn't on our side as this needs to be turned in this Friday the 10 of Feb.
Did your son have a hypothesis (which water did he predict would evaporate more quickly)?
Were the containers steam cleaned before each experiment?
Was each container exactly like the others?
Were they located in the exact same place (and in the same order)?
How were the measurements made? By weight or volume?
What techniques were used?
Were air vents in the area?
Was shade an issue?
It is OK to be at a loss and unable to explain your results. One of the many great things about science is that often the results raise more interesting questions that need exploration.
Your son could say that the inconclusive results require further experimentation. This type of conclusion would be appropriate.
Leslie Kanat, Ph.D.
Professor of Geology
Johnson State College
First, please allow me to applaud you and your child for attempting to do experimental science.
The inconsistency of the results indicate that there must be other factors at play. These might be called experimental errors. Experimental errors are not necessarily a bad thing. They can be due to unforeseen environmental factors. It may also be that your data indicate a flaw in the prevailing theories about evaporation rate, which would be especially exciting!
In looking over your results, the lack of consistency would seem to infer that there is some kind of experimental error. Identifying the source of the error can be difficult. Some critical areas that come to my mind that would affect results include: surface area, water temperature, humidity, air flow above the water sample. Another thing that you did not include in your write-up was the amount of salt in your salt water sample.
It is really important to control all the variables except those that we are changing and testing for. I am wondering why you though that bottled water would evaporate at a different rate than tap water? A lot of bottled water is just filtered tap water. Any differences in rate could be due to the concentration of mineral content in either the bottled or the tap water.
To control for all these factors may require equipment that is more sophisticated than the apparatus that you have.
A better test would be to obtain distilled water and test that against various concentrations of salt water. To control for environmental factors, you should run multiple sets at the same time. For example, several containers of distilled water, several containers of low concentration salt water, several containers of slightly higher concentration salt water, several containers of even higher concentration salt water, several containers of even higher concentration salt water, and so forth. All the containers should remain in the same environment. The salt water should be made from table salt and distilled water. The results should be averaged and compared.
Ray Tedder, NBCT
I think you should think the experiment through with this idea:
A little liquid evaporates and makes water vapor. The air holds rather little of that.
The water vapor has to go away somewhere for more liquid to evaporate,
and the motion of the air is what moves that vapor.
In any one run of your experiment I'm not convinced that all 3 dishes experienced the same amount of airflow and heat input.
I also can't know whether the relevant things were the same between one trial and the next.
The typical dish of water will evaporate faster if there is a fan blowing over it, than if the air is left to it's own spontaneous motions.
There is almost always some rate of motion, due to convection or breezes or whatever.
If the rate was zero, evaporation would pretty distinctly stop.
When something that matters like this airflow is so subtle you do not see it, but it still matters,
then mysterious things just keep on happening.
It is a variable and you must eliminate or measure the variables.
If the room is totally closed, the fan will not help much.
the whole room gets humid, then there is no more room in the air for more water vapor.
Or maybe the walls drip if they are held cooler than the dishes.
But the usual exhaust path for water vapor is out of the room through some window or door.
Then the world at large can worry about getting rid of it.
Someday It will condense in a cloud somewhere and rain onto the ground or into the ocean.
Evaporation requires heat input.
That is _not_ the same as saying the temperature has to be higher.
The water can be a little colder than the room and still keep evaporating.
When it is cold, it tries to suck in heat from the surroundings.
If it can get that heat, it keeps evaporating.
If you had a perfect thermos bottle of water with no way for heat to get in,
some evaporation would happen, and that would make the water cooler,
and that would slow down the evaporation.
It would keep getting cooler, and slower, until evaporation pretty much stopped.
So all 3 dishes need to have the same heat-sinking to have a fair experiment.
Be sure they have identical containers,
and you don't have a lamp pointing right at one dish more than the others,
or sunlight with moving shadows.
Plastic cups are probably the best identical containers you can get.
Maybe put all three on a common aluminum plate or pan,
and maybe even have an opaque roof, elevated a few inches over the pan.
I think you need to do a control run.
put 3 identical containers filled with the same liquid into your setup.
They should go down at about the same rate, but maybe they are up to 30% different.
Measure how fast or how far in a given time, for each. The ratios between them are what matters.
If one has a better position than the others, it shows up clearly here.
Do it one more time, and hope the ratios of rates are the same as the first time.
If they are, you can start doing assorted various liquids and know you are measuring the right thing.
If you do the same 3 liquids three times, but rotate the positions so that each liquid gets to be in each position once,
and then you average the rates of those three times for each liquid,
that can be a pretty fair answer.
But it is important to know that the relative advantages of the 3 positions are repeatable.
That is what the control runs are for.
I would use bottled water for control runs.
It has the least solids, and solids can precipitate at the surface and affect the exposure to moving air,
either by blocking or by wicking.
I would probably do this by making a big box with two 4" holes
or getting a large pot and propping the lid up 1" on one side.
then have a fan point at one hole of the box or tangent to the open side of the pot-lid.
Keep the fan at a fixed and fairly large distance.
Air is really going to swirl around inside the pot. I think that helps all 3 cups get equal air exposure.
Having a fan in the room you used, next to the wall on the opposite side of the room,
blowing parallel to the wall, probably would have helped. (I know, who would have guessed that...)
It would make sure the air was moving at a fair (non-zero) pace, the same pace each time,
and about the same speed for all three cups, if all three were the same distance from the wall they were near.
You could let the liquids take turns being the upwind cup.
There are several issues that need to be resolved. The first is "units". Unfortunately, in English units (ounces = oz) can be either volume, or weight (mass), if gravity is take into account. Although you assert that the samples were evaporated in a controlled area (a dark dining room), how do you "know" that this is a controlled area? For example, how do you "know" that the humidity was the same in the various conditions. Both temperature and humidity would have to be carefully a controlled constant. This is not so easy as it may seem. The presence or absence of light would be much less important than small changes in temperature and humidity. Small changes in the flow of air above the samples would be a much more important factor. How do you know these variables were controlled? Were the three test samples tested simultaneously


A new survey into sickness absence rates and costs highlights an upward trend in the number of sick days an employee typical takes, with many employers underestimating the cost of absenteeism, something Adrian Lewis from Activ Absence is urging employers to address.
The research from XpertHR[i] shows that the UK's median absence rate has risen slightly from 2.5% of working time in 2018, to 2.7% – translating to 6.4 days' absence per employee (up from 5.6 days the previous year). The cost of sickness absence in 2019 stood at a median of £568 per employee, but XpertHR says this is likely to be inaccurate because 42% employers said they did not know if their absence cost data was accurate or not.
Adrian Lewis says, "It's a worrying time for employers due to COVID-19 and the rise in the number of sick days people are taking will add to this. These figures may well increase this year and next too as the true impact of the pandemic is felt.
"The pandemic has put a huge strain on people and their families, both from a health perspective but also financially. People are fearful of their job security and the possibility of facing redundancy in the future. Homeworking has added to this with people feeling isolated from colleagues and the usual work environment.
"All of this can build up and cause both mental and physical illness, leading to more people taking time off sick. It's therefore vital that employers accurately track absence and manage it effectively to reduce the costs associated with absenteeism such as a loss of productivity, paying other staff overtime to do the work or having to hire temporary staff.
"An easy and accurate way for businesses to do this is by using absence management software, which will track absence, flag up patterns which can indicate issues and prompt return to work interviews. Having this data enables employers to put steps in place to better manage absence and reduce costs by understanding why people are off sick.
"By monitoring absence trends employers can have complete visibility over their workforce and will know where to target support, such as wellbeing and mental health support or changes that might be needed in the working culture to mitigate any issues people are having. This data enables companies to nip issues in the bud quickly and helps ensure a happy and productive workforce.Being informed is the best way to manage costs and ensure that absence rates don't get out of hand."
For more information on absence management software visit _URL_
[i] _URL_


the VG_View. Typically, postdraw() is used to render specialized cursors or provide visual feedback to the user in a manner specific to the tool.
selected() and deselected() are invoked whenever the tool is, respectively, selected or deselected by the user.
Low-level mouse and keyboard events can be handled directly by the tool using mousemotion() mousebuttondown(), mousebuttonup(), keydown() and keyup(). The coordinates passed to mouse-related callbacks are subject to the current position constraints, unless disabled by one of the VG_*_NOSNAP flags in the flags field.
The VG_View interface first appeared in Agar 1.3, and was first documented in Agar 1.3.3. ElectronTubeStore


Kinect - The Sensor
The sensor itself matches the style and appearance of - you guessed it - the new Xbox 360 S. That means its every surface is glossy black plastic which looks nice, but immediately shows fingerprints, dust, and scratches. If you're OCD like me and don't happen to live in a clean room, this is a constant but minor annoyance. Oh well, at least it matches the console.
The Kinect is noticeably bottom-heavy, with a center of gravity closer to the bottom and somewhere in the base most likely. This makes sense since the horizontal arm housing the optical system and microphone array pivots vertically - the base is a stage of sorts which lets the top arm sweep through around 30 degrees to adapt itself to placement on top of a TV or below on a table, basically to suit your entertainment setup.
There's a three-axis MEMS accelerometer onboard ostensibly for determining the tilt of the sensor relative to the base of the device - if you put Kinect on top of a TV for example, there's no assurance that the surface the Kinect is resting on is normal to the ground.
Down on the bottom you'll notice an obvious grating, under which hides a four-microphone array for some beamforming goodness. The result is that the Kinect can sense which direction sounds are coming from, for isolating a single speaker rather than an omnidirectional or even stereo microphone. That's critically important for also picking out voice commands while there's music and game noise blaring in the same room.
The most prominent physical feature on the Kinect, however, is its relatively sophisticated optical system. From left to right is an IR laser projector (more on this in a second), RGB camera, and IR camera. Between the RGB camera and IR laser is simply a green LED for status - it plays no role in the actual optical system. Also on the bottom of the sensor is a nondescript class-1 laser product notice - yes, the Kinect indeed uses an IR laser, but it's completely eye safe at class-1.
There's also a requisite laser warning buried in one of the three booklets that ship inside the Kinect sensor box, but you'll notice that Microsoft has been careful to avoid drawing attention to the fact that there's a laser in Kinect - people have a strange aversion to looking at or into perfectly eye-safe lasers. There's no marked wavelength that I could find, but the Kinect's IR projector is visible to my naked eye and exhibits trademark laser speckle - my guesses are that the laser is between 750 and 900 nm, with 808 and 880 nm being common commercial "IR" laser diode wavelengths.
From the Xbox's perspective, there are two separate video streams which come from the Kinect - one 640x480 (VGA) 30FPS stream from the RGB color camera, and one 640x480 11-bit 30FPS image stream which is the output 3D depth image after processing. Kinect implements a subset of Prime Sense's natural interaction reference design, which originally specified a much higher resolution color sensor and 60FPS depth image. Other subtle differences are that Prime Sense specifies two audio streams, whereas Kinect uses an obvious four, but such tweaks are ultimately the result of Microsoft having to maintain a delicate balance between optical performance and staying within a reasonable price point.
Original Prime Sense reference design specification
How Kinect senses depth is half of the magic behind how it works - the other half is software. There's actually not a lot behind how Kinect creates that 11-bit depth image once you understand how it works. Kinect uses a structured light IR projector and sensor system - something widely used in both industrial manufacturing and inspection. The principle of structured light sensing is that given a specific angle between emitter and sensor, depth can be recovered from simple triangulation. Expand this to a predictable structure, and the corresponding image shift directly relates to depth.
Example structured-light system optical system, from Spacecraft hazard avoidance utilizing structured light
In Kinect, that system is comprised of an IR laser (which I've already touched on), a carefully engineered diffraction grating (in this case, the diffraction grating is actually a computer-generated hologram - CGH - with a specific periodic structure), and a relatively standard CMOS detector with a band-pass filter centered at the IR laser wavelength. Inspecting the sensor with the naked eye, you can easily see the characteristic rainbow-effect from the CGH atop the IR projector, and that shiny layer on the IR-sensitive CMOS is likely a band-pass filter.
That carefully-engineered CGH produces a specific periodic structure of IR light when the laser shines through it. There's a computationally-derived periodic structure of undoubtedly square cells inside which diffract light into a periodic structure. The first day I had Kinect, I immediately set out to find what that pattern was, and it's simple to measure. Although the laser itself is intense enough to see with the naked eye at the source, the projected pattern thankfully isn't, but the solution is trivial. Stick a lambertian reflector (read: piece of paper) in front of Kinect, and you can see the pattern with any IR-sensitive device. Though my DSLR has a low-pass IR cut filter like most cameras (since IR is generally undesirable in visible imaging systems), the most immediate device I found which was sensitive enough to photograph the pattern was a smartphone camera - an iPhone 4. The image is obviously false-color - this radiation is actually in the far red/near IR part of the spectrum. That pattern is below:
You can immediately notice some things - first, there are 9 clearly visible repeating blocks with a specific semi-random pattern of points inside. This structure is repeated across the blocks, and it's obvious this pattern arises from a holographic structure from the bright 0-order point at the center of each block. Note also how the structure is also engineered to be spherical, which gives it that curvy edge shape - the paper is actually being held perpendicular to the projector. This projection grid defines the field of view of the Kinect sensor, and the distance between points inside the grid likewise defines the spatial resolution of the depth sensor. I'm only holding the paper about a foot away from the projector. Close up inside one of those cells you can see the structure which consists of many small points:
The projected image doesn't change in time - it's fixed this way. The IR CMOS sensor images this pattern projected onto the room and scene, and given the camera's displacement a few inches from the projector, from the displacements in the semi-random projected pattern is able to back out the corresponding depth image. That compuation is done onboard the Kinect itself, and it's entirely possible (read: likely) that the IR sensor inside the Kinect is higher than the 640x480 resolution of the resulting image.
When iFixit tore apart the Kinect, it was immediately apparent that Microsoft had devoted a lot of engineering into the sensor's cooling solution, which at first thought seems strange - why do two cameras and a bunch of microphones need fans? Cue RROD jokes. Further, in the disassembly photos, I noticed a peltier cooler on the back of the IR laser diode.
The peltier cooler is what's being pried off - Courtesy iFixit
The reason for the cooler should now be obvious - diffraction gratings are extremely wavelength-dependent, and the Kinect functions or doesn't based on its ability to properly detect the projected IR image. The result is that the IR diode likely needs to be kept inside a window of under 10 degrees C of some temperature so the laser's peak output is at or very close to the wavelength the CGH was designed to work at. The other consideration is that the top of most TVs where you could conceivably place a Kinect can be notably warm. Kinect's somewhat overengineered thermal design now makes sense - the peltier cooler likely gets hot on the back side which connects to the metal base plate, the front which touches the diode laser gets cool, and the fan sweeps air through the whole box when required. RROD jokes aside, making sure that the system is carefully thermally regulated is an important part of the optical design.
I decided I was going to see if I could make the Kinect fans turn on, or the device overheat. I left the Kinect sensor turned on for 48+ hours atop my rather-warm LCD TV, and later an even hotter plasma TV and could never once feel it get noticeably warm, or even detect airflow through the Kinect. It's possible that the fans were spinning, but if that's the case I couldn't detect it.
Introduction and Hardware Environmental Constraints of using Kinect
View All Comments
 - brundleflyguy - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 Yeah, I know. :)
 My current set up is:
 - JonathanYoung - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - brshoemak - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - GTVic - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - melgross - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - Portablenuke - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - trip1ex - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 I think the reviewer was a little too generous.
 Take Kinect Adventures.
 - DanaG - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - DanaG - Friday, December 10, 2010 - link
 - clasam - Saturday, December 11, 2010 - link
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Rohingya language
Rohingya Language
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Rohingya language
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Rohingya (Ruáingga) is a language spoken by the Rohingya people of Arakan (Rakhine), Burma (Myanmar). It is smiliar to the Chittagonian language spoken in the neighboring southeastern Chittagong Division of Bangladesh..
Various writing systems are used, including Arabic, Urdu, Hanifi-Script and Burmese, and the newer Rohingyalish, based on the Roman alphabet.
Written in Arabic script, the first Rohingya language texts are more than 300 years old. While Arakan was under British rule (1826–1948), the Rohingya people used mainly English and Urdu for written communication. Since independence in 1948, Burmese has been used in all official communications. Since the early 1960s, Rohingya scholars have started to realize the need for a writing system suited to their own language.
Molana Hanif and his colleagues developed a new set of right-to-left oriented characters based mainly on Arabic script, with a few borrowings from Roman and Burmese. This approach was an improvement and was appreciated by Rohingya Islamic scholars, used to studying in Arabic and Urdu. However, the new script was criticized because the characters were very similar to each other, requiring longer...
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text:
Every Sunday, fans gather to watch America's favorite sport: football. Let's be real, the main reason people watch this game is to see gigantic muscle-bound players lay brutal hits on each other. These guys slam into each other with the force of 150 g's upon impact. It's entertainment for us but a potential concussion hazard for players. Neuroscientists have found a way to increase the chances of a player escaping a career-ending, brain-jiggling tackle — it's a magnet.
Scientists propose that the danger of concussions could be greatly reduced by placing magnets inside helmets. Conventional helmets disperse impact after the impact has occurred; however, magnets would repel the impact before it happens, reducing the rate of concussions by 80 percent. Magnets would compliment current helmet safety features not replace them. The cost of a helmet could increase by $50-$100, but your brain will thank you. Know more.


text:
Richard Easton looks into the history of marital coercion as a defence and asks whether it still has a place in modern Britain
'The law is an ass' according to Dickens's officiously cruel beadle Mr Bumble in Oliver Twist. We all remember his immortal line but often forget why Mr Bumble so scorned the British constitution. Mr Brownlow, Oliver's benefactor, had just reminded the beadle that, under 19th century English law, his termagant wife would be presumed to have been coerced by her husband into stealing the locket identifying the orphan.
And it is the statutory remnant of that now-abolished common law presumption that Vicky Pryce, estranged wife of disgraced former cabinet minister Chris Huhne, infamously relied upon before her Southwark jury this month. Is the defence of marital coercion an outmoded remnant of Victoriana still embedded in the legal system? Or does it contain progressive possibilities?
Ms Pryce's hung jury suggests that the obscure defence of marital coercion still has legs even in the 21st century. The 1,400-year-old defence began with the seventh century laws of King Ine: "If a husband steals a beast and carried it into his house, and it is seized therein, he shall forfeit his share [of the household's property] – his wife only being exempt, since she must obey her lord." The common law rebuttable presumption of coercion lasted until the 1922 cause célèbre Rex v Peel led to its abolition.
The acquittal of the aristocratic Mrs Peel, who with her husband Captain Peel had forged telegraphic bets for horse races that had already been run, shocked society. Why should she be presumed to have been coerced by her husband into committing a crime when, as the Old Bailey's Darling J reasoned, "women [were then] serving on juries and becoming members of Parliament?" But acquitted she was.
The presumption was swiftly abolished after Peel and in its place a statutory defence under section 47 of the Criminal Justice Act 1925 was created. If a wife on the balance of probabilities can show that she has committed an offence in the presence of her husband and was coerced by her spouse, she is freed from criminal responsibility for all crimes barring murder and treason.
And coercion is a far more subtle concept than duress: no threats of physical violence are required, merely sufficient pressure to cause a wife's will to be overborne by the wishes of her husband so that she was forced unwillingly to participate need be shown (see Shortland 1 Cr App R 116).
Less than the fear of extreme violence that must accompany duress but more than loyalty to, or love of, one's spouse, marital coercion represents the law's ancient recognition that "man and wife are one flesh", with the female half of that unit playing an obedient and weaker role to that of the male.
But should a defence rooted in the 7th century remain within the English law? "Modern wives [are] not like Saxon wives," after all: see R v Richman & Richman Crim LR 507. As the Vicky Pryce trial shows, competing versions of womanhood are raised when marital coercion is invoked.
Is a wife a passive and unequal subordinate to her husband? Or is today's wife, with all the spousal rights and protections that go along with that status, capable of being suborned by her man? Anne Darwin, who helped her canoeist husband fake his death as part of a life insurance fraud in 2002, found out in 2008 when convicted after unsuccessfully relying on marital coercion that there were limits on juries' acceptance of a wife's tractability.
Perhaps understandably, the Law Commission has been hostile to the defence since 1977 when it first proposed its abolition on the grounds of its inegalitarianism. But is there a progressive potential latent within the defence?
Poignant instances of the defence's successful invocation demonstrate that marital coercion might correct a still-present imbalance between the sexes, as Janet Loveless has suggested in 'Domestic violence, coercion and duress', Crim. L.R. 2006, 865-866. In Anonymous, reported in Crim LR 448, a 16-year-old wife who had begged her husband not to commit a burglary but yielded to his threats of abandonment and participated in the forced entry of a property, was acquitted.
And the last recorded time the defence was successfully run at first instance, R v White (Heather), The Times, 16 February 1974, shows that some husbands need not directly threaten death or maiming to get their way. Mrs White – raped at 13, a runaway at 16 and married to her violent husband at 18 – was acquitted of robbery after guarding a gagged and bound 16-year-old hotel receptionist at the behest of her domineering spouse.
Had Anonymous or Mrs White been unmarried women, however, neither would have been able to rely on marital coercion; and duress could not have been claimed as no threats of violence were levelled at them during the course of the offences.
So why should unmarried women be deprived of such a defence? The regressive privileging of wives enshrined in the defence is perhaps underlined by R v Ditta Crim LR 43 where the Court of Appeal held that even a reasonable belief that one was married under sharia law was insufficient for one to be considered a 'wife': one had to be validly married under English law for marital coercion to operate.
How does this principle square with the High Court's recent openness to the ruling of a Beth Din in a matrimonial dispute in Re: RAI (Children) EWHC 100? And why are same-sex civil partners excluded from the defence? If the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill 2013 becomes law, will the definition of 'wife' not have to be stretched? And should Tory plans to counter same-sex marriage by creating heterosexual civil partnerships succeed, will female heterosexual civil partners be excluded from relying on the defence?
The answer is 'yes' on a strict reading of the 1925 Act. Does the 1925 Act then authorise an unequal practice that could be challenged under article 8 (right to privacy) combined with article 14 (prohibition against discrimination)?
Should the criminal law not recognise that there are many human relationships in which an unequal power dynamic exists? Children faced with orders from domineering parents should surely benefit from a defence of filial coercion. Excessive uxoriousness could amount to a defence.
However, it would appear that only prosecutorial discretion covers coercive relationships outside of that of holy matrimony. Victims of trafficking, for instance, are not to be prosecuted for offences they have been coerced into committing: see O EWCA Crim 2835. But prosecutorial discretion does not appear to encompass the manifold imbalanced relationships in society. Although the law does not recognise the defence of superior orders (see R v Howe AC 417), coercion could be expanded to include individuals who are not wives.
Should he ever retake a seat in the House, perhaps Chris Huhne will consider forwarding a private member's bill on the subject. Until then, the Bumble question remains: is the law an ass?


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Co-Training for Domain Adaptation[PDF] [BibTeX]
Domain adaptation algorithms seek to generalize a model trained in a source domain to a new target domain. In many practical cases, the source and target distributions can differ substantially, and in some cases crucial target features may not have support in the source domain. In this paper we introduce an algorithm that bridges the gap between source and target domains by slowly adding both the target features and instances in which the current algorithm is the most confident. Our algorithm is a variant of co-training, and we name it CODA (Co-training for domain adaptation). Unlike the original co-training work, we do not assume a particular feature split. Instead, for each iteration of co-training, we add target features and formulate a single optimization problem which simultaneously learns a target predictor, a split of the feature space into views, and a shared subset of source and target features to include in the predictor. CODA significantly out-performs the state-of-the-art on the 12-domain benchmark data set of Blitzer et al.. Indeed, over a wide range (65 of 84 comparisons) of target supervision, ranging from no labeled target data to a relatively large number of target labels, CODA achieves the best performance.


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Rutgers Law School Academic Calendar – Why Are There So Many Different Calendars? On Dec 21st, 2012, the entire world was supposed to conclusion. A lot of considered that the actual Mayan calendar could well be finishing, and thus really would living regarding earth. Naturally, most of us do not work with the ancient Mayan calendar, as well as the planet did not avoid. Therefore we want to realize exactly why are at this time there numerous calendars? rutgers camden law school academic calendar, rutgers law school academic calendar, rutgers law school academic calendar 2018, rutgers law school newark academic calendar,
Effectively, virtually all calendars fall under 3 forms: lunar, solar, along with lunisolar. There are actually lots of distinct calendars, many of which create out each other well and therefore are very related. Probably the most broadly recognized no-faith based calendar inside the Civilized World could be the Gregorian Calendar. Inside 46 BC, Roman Emperor Julius Caesar implemented the particular Julian Calendar, which was practically identical to usually the one we use nowadays. It experienced 12 months, in addition to a year had been defined as 365.25 days or weeks.
A millennium along with a fifty percent later inside 1582, Pope Gregory the actual 13th unveiled the particular Gregorian calendar, referred to as right after himself. It handled the situation of specific faith based activities falling on a marginally different
day every year. It changed the rules encompassing step decades so that dates continued to be reasonably steady with the holidays. rutgers university law school academic calendar,
The actual Gregorian is solar-based, which means one year means 1 total rotation on the earth about the sunshine. You can also find lunar calendars, which will determine many months based upon cycles with the moon. This kind of commonly correlates as a brand-new moon signifying a completely new month.
All the renowned lunar calendar could be the Islamic calendar, also called the Hijri calendar, referred to as for any experience by the Prophet Muhammad during the year 622. The Hijri calendar represents this specific occurrence because it's insurance quote "year absolutely no," similar to the Christian technique associated with AD and BC, establishing the lifespan of Jesus as being a normal point. Also, since there are much more than 12 lunar periods inside one solar cycle, the Hijri calendar is 354 times long, and it is presently viewed as that year 1437 AH. Eventually, some calendars use both equally lunar along with solar devices.
These are lunisolar, along with are the most useful of both worlds, while using the direct sun light to mark the year, and moon periods to mark all the periods. From time to time, to correct the disparity of the short lunar month, there exists a thirteenth "leap month" added any 2 or 3 a long time.
The actual Chinese calendar is often a popular illustration of a lunisolar calendar. Rather then tag years chronologically, the Chinese calendar leaders its several years, with the primary part denoting an component just like metal, fire as well as earth, and the 2nd an animal.
One example is, 2020 would be the Red-colored Fire-Monkey. Such a calendar is usually utilised by Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, and a lot of Asian regions. There are many of ways to monitor time, and luckily we have almost all largely arranged in the Gregorian civil calendar.
So whilst the New Year may come on Jan primary for every Solar or Lunisolar nationalities, you will need to delay until October of 2020 if you're pursuing the just lunar Hijri calendar.


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 Creating a Sandbox
 A sandbox is a work area within a bank that contains capacity (virtual machine units), as well as the users assigned to that sandbox. Each sandbox contains one or more libraries, which is where you store and access topology file sets.
 A sandbox is also a collection of users who work together on a topology. A single user can be part of any number of sandboxes in any number of banks and can have different privileges in each sandbox. Multiple topologies can be started by the same user in different sandboxes. The only restrictions are that a user can join only one topology at a time and only one topology can be active at a time in a sandbox. As a bank administrator, you can create a sandbox, add capacity to a sandbox, and assign users to a sandbox. You can also assign permissions to users of the sandboxes. To learn more about permissions, go to Assigning Permissions.
 To create a sandbox:
 1. From the navigation tree, select Administration > Manage Banks / Sandboxes / Libraries.
 2. In the Sandboxes section, click the plus sign (+) in the upper left corner. The Create Sandbox dialog box appears.
 Figure 1: Sandboxes Section
 Sandboxes Section
 3. In the Create Sandbox dialog box, select a bank, enter a name for the sandbox, and select the type (classroom, developer, or lab). You can optionally add a description for the sandbox.
 4. Click Create.
 Published: 2013-08-15


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Lois Lowry, the author of Number the Stars has written over twenty-three novels including: Us and Uncle Fraud, Switch Around, and All about Sam to name a few. Her books are said to fit into the same all-purpose theme that deals with human connections. Lois Lowry is a two time Newberry Medal winner for her books, The Giver in 1994 and Number the Stars in 1990. She has also received the Children's Literature award for her novel A Summer to Die and the Golden Kite award for her book Robby Starkey.
The book Number the Stars by Lois Lowry is about two families trying to survive the Nazi war in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1943. Annemarie Johansen, the main character, and her family are forced to hide away their friends and neighbor the Rosen's when the Nazis come to relocate Jews from their hometown. Ellen Rosen, Annemarie's best friend, is forced to stay and pretend to be part of the Johansen's family. Later, the Rosen's along with other Jewish families sneak on a boat to Sweden to free themselves from the Nazi government.
I would recommend this book be read from 6th grade to 8th grade. One of the activities I would choose if teaching this book would be making a jackdaw. Some of the things I might include in the jackdaw would be paper dolls, a loaf of bread, an apple, a wedge of cheese, and a handkerchief representing some of the objects described in the book. This would allow the students to become more familiar with the struggles of the characters. Another activity that I might choose would be to have the children create a timeline of the events in the book. The children could record the main events of the story starting with the encounter Ellen and Annemarie faced with the Nazi soldiers on their way home. They could end with Ellen fleeting Denmark to the free lands of Sweden. An additional project to enhance the students education of the book could be to have them research the Nazi government in the 1940s


Javascript Web Worker example with explanation
JavaScript Web Worker example
If you're here then you've some JavaScript knowledge. Isn't it? Currently, I am working on the series of create own Observable. And previously ended the Crash course on RxJS. But I thought you should be hands on the Web Worker.
Okay, But What is Web Worker??
Long time ago, When Javascript introduce to the world. Then no one care about the performance. But after nearly 25 years, Javascript take the other language down and popular in now a day. Javascript comes with many of professional features in which one of them is web worker.
Javascript Web Worker example with explanation
Javascript Web Worker example with explanation
Understand, But my question is same. What is web worker?
Slow down mate, I am coming to the answer. Generally, Web workers are designed to let you run big jobs without freezing up the page. Have you ever faced the "Page Unresponsive" pop up message?
Page Unresponsive
If you get this message. Then you can feel the pain of this pop-up.
Your screen would be stuck and no any events can be performed until previous work is not finished. Okay let me show you the little example for you.
Click on Result in above JsFiddle. It is an example of prime number searcher between given two number. First of all, click on the Start Searching button. And try to change the number of textbox until result not showing in text-area.
Have you experience lag? Hell yeah!!!
This is the small example of this type of problem. It won't freeze your page but experience the small piece of this type of problem.
What is happening with the code?
As you experience, You won't be able to click, scroll, or interact with anything. Clearly, this page can be improved with web workers. But before you get to that, you need to take a closer look at the current JavaScript code. Right now, when you click the Search button it triggers the doSearch() function shown here:
In brief, first it grabs some information from the page, then it performs a calculation, then it insert the results back into a so you can see them.
At line 7, findPrimes() is a method to find the prime numbers between given two digits.
Okay, I got the problem. But How can I implement the web worker?
Web workers let you do any time-consuming job in the background. The process is simple:
 1. You create a web worker.
 2. You tell the web worker what to do. (For example, crunch these numbers!)
 3. You start the web worker.
 4. When the web worker is done, it tells you, and your code goes from there. (For example, show the results on your page.)
Let's dive in!
First of all, you've to create an object of web worker that runs the code in the file named PrimeWorker.js
The code that a worker runs is always stored in a separate JavaScript file. This design discourages newbie programmers from writing web worker code that attempts to use global variables or directly access elements on the page. Neither of these operations is possible.
Why? Because bad things can happen if more than one thread attempts to manipulate the same data at the same time.
Web pages and web workers communicate by exchanging messages. To send data to a worker, you call the worker's postMessage() method:
Web worker working internally
Web worker working internally
Similarly, when your worker needs to talk back to the web page, it calls its own postMessage() method, along with some data, and the web page receives an onMessage event.
Note: The postMessage() function allows only a single value.
But in this example we need two elements (two number for range). The solution is to package these two details into an object literal. This code shows one example, which gives the object two properties (the first named from, and the second named to), and assigns values to both of them:
Enough talk, now we will do real work.
Create a PrimeWorker.js file at same location and code is given below:
When the worker calls postMessage(), it fires the onMessage event, which triggers this function in the web page:
Overall, the structure of the code has changed a bit, but the logic is mostly the same. The result, however, is dramatically different.
Do you want to see the example on JsFiddle?
You can scroll down, type in the text boxes, and select numbers in the list from the previous search. Do you have any question? Then you can query with us in comment section below.
Wait… What about the canceling the background task and progress information?
This article is not finished here, Please check the article : How to Handle the Javascript Web Worker task?
Javascript Web Worker example with explanation
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Part of twisted.python View Source
These are methods which you can register pre-call and post-call external functions to augment their functionality. People familiar with more esoteric languages may think of these as "method combinations".
This could be used to add optional preconditions, user-extensible callbacks (a-la emacs) or a thread-safety mechanism.
The four exported calls are:
All have the signature (class, methodName, callable), and the callable they take must always have the signature (instance, *args, **kw) unless the particular signature of the method they hook is known.
Hooks should typically not throw exceptions, however, no effort will be made by this module to prevent them from doing so. Pre-hooks will always be called, but post-hooks will only be called if the pre-hooks do not raise any exceptions (they will still be called if the main method raises an exception). The return values and exception status of the main method will be propogated (assuming none of the hooks raise an exception). Hooks will be executed in the order in which they are added.
|Class||HookError||An error which will fire when an invariant is violated.|
|Function||addPre||hook.addPre(klass, name, func) -> None|
|Function||addPost||hook.addPost(klass, name, func) -> None|
|Function||removePre||hook.removePre(klass, name, func) -> None|
|Function||removePost||hook.removePre(klass, name, func) -> None|
|Function||PRE||(private) munging to turn a method name into a pre-hook-method-name|
|Function||POST||(private) munging to turn a method name into a post-hook-method-name|
|Function||ORIG||(private) munging to turn a method name into an 'original' identifier|
|Function||_XXX||String manipulation garbage.|
|Function||_addHook||(private) adds a hook to a method on a class|
|Function||_removeHook||(private) removes a hook from a method on a class|
|Function||_enhook||(private) causes a certain method name to be hooked on a class|
|Function||_dehook||(private) causes a certain method name no longer to be hooked on a class|
Add a function to be called before the method klass.name is invoked.
Add a function to be called after the method klass.name is invoked.
Remove a function (previously registered with addPre) so that it is no longer executed before klass.name.
Remove a function (previously registered with addPost) so that it is no longer executed after klass.name.


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We're On A Mission To Achieve Water Independence For 3 Million People.
The mission of the Water Independence program is to help our partnered communities fortify their water systems against breakages and abandonment. Water Independence is a commitment between Water Collective and a partnered community to ensure lasting clean water. We commit to rigorous training, deep involvement, and customization to work towards sustainable ownership. Communities are given guidance and directional growth, while still possessing the freedom to adapt clean water care as they see fit. Once communities have surpassed the two-year mark (a time statistically shown to result with broken water projects), Water Independence is declared on the third year of clean flowing water.
Our goal is to build water independent communities that can sustain their water systems with local resources. We believe that failure reformation won't materialize until we invest in making water maintenance a cultural and social movement. We want to shift communities away from reliance on foreign aid and make autonomous, water independent communities the norm.
Communities not only work towards Water Independence with their neighbors, but they also work towards it with other communities working towards the same goal. The network of Water Independence connects villages throughout our operating countries so that they can share resources, problem-solve, and keep water flowing together. In the world of Water Independence, no one is left to fend for themselves, clean water is forever.
Help us further our work, become an Independence Guardian today: