The Beer Wholesalers' Association of New Jersey was founded in 1933 as a not-for-profit trade association of independently owned and operated beer distributors throughout the great state of New Jersey. Our members deliver an amazing variety of fresh, quality beers to licensed retailers throughout New Jersey.
Background Information of the Three-Tier System
While the desirability of controlling the sale, distribution, and use of beer, wine and spirits is nearly universal, the system through which this control is accomplished is not. Religious, political, social, historical and cultural values have all played a part in determining how the world's governments structure the system.
In the United States, the system since 1934 has been determined by the individual states. In 1934, the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ended this country's "noble experiment", Prohibition. With passage of the 21st Amendment, the states were given responsibility for controlling the sale, distribution, transportation and use of beer, wine and spirits.
The 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states: "The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited."
How the System Works
While the systems developed by the individual states were not identical, similar or general provisions can be found in the laws of most states. One of these provisions was the implementation of a "three-tiered" distribution system; that is, a system which establishes three distinct and independent tiers for the distribution of alcoholic beverages - a manufacturer or supplier tier (producers and importers), a wholesaler tier, and a retailer tier.
Many of the "evils" which led to the imposition of Prohibition were believed to be related to the manufacturer's vertical control of the alcoholic beverage distribution system - control over price, control over promotions, and undue influence in the political process, especially at the state and local levels. By enacting laws which insured that people in one of the three remained free from control by those in any of the other two tiers, the states hoped to prevent a return to the "good old days" of the pre-prohibition period.
The End Result
Events which have taken place since 1934 have tended to confirm the wisdom of establishing a three-tiered distribution system. In both the supplier and retailer tiers, economic power and influence have tended to become concentrated in the hands of giant corporations.
The wholesaler tier, however, has remained a stronghold for small independent businesses and an effective counterbalance to domination of the industry by large companies in the supplier and retailer tiers. A strong independent wholesaling tier has helped insure that predatory practices have not occurred to the detriment of small suppliers, small retailers and ordinary citizens.


WNET Education
Home About The Series Resources
Explanation Demonstration Exploration Implementation Get Credit
Welcome to Why the Net? An Interactive Tool for the Classroom. Start here in the Explanation section, which is all about the CONCEPT. Then go on to Demonstration and the following sections, where we move from CONCEPT TO CLASSROOM!
What is the Internet?
What can the Internet do for my classroom?
How can I best use the Internet in my classroom?
What are the benefits of the Internet in the classroom?
What is the Internet?
The Internet, also called the Net, is a collection of computers connected in a worldwide network. Since you are reading this on a Web site 1, your computer is part of the Internet. Not only is it part of the Internet, your computer is linked, through the network, right now to a computer in New York City that houses this CONCEPT TO CLASSROOM workshop. That computer is called a Web server 2. Other Internet functions allow you to send and receive e-mail 3, participate in online discussion groups, and much more.
1. 2. 3.
The network between your computer and the Concept to Classroom computer in New York City makes it possible for the two computers to share information and
Find out what really happens when you surf the World Wide Web..... View our animation here.
exchange files. At the moment, the computer in New York is not only sharing this page with you, it is sharing thousands of other pages with thousands of other computers! Think about what that means for a second. If you are at any computer, anywhere in the world, that has any type of connection to the Internet, you can connect to the computer in New York and read this page. Now think about all the other groups, universities, libraries, companies, and organizations that have information they want to share. They can all have Web servers connected to the Internet, and they can all share information with the thousands of other computers connected to them. Think about all the information that is available and being exchanged!
Workshop: Why the Net? An Interactive Tool for the Classroom
Explanation | Demonstration | Exploration | Implementation | Get Credit
Thirteen | Thirteen Ed Online | thirteencelebration.org


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Visualizing Pigments with D3.js
 - submit to reddit
"In the early 1900s, scientists found that a liquid or solid heated to high temperatures would give off a broad range of colours of light. However, a gas heated to similar temperatures would emit light only at certain specific colours (wavelengths). The reason for this observation was not understood at the time." [1]
I've wondered if this principle could extend to pigments in artistic works – while the process of generating light is different, various colors have gone in and out of fashion over time. Modern fabric dyes hold vivid, even lurid colors, whereas some pigments have fallen in popularity due to toxicity (lead, cadmium) or cheaper replacements, E.g. lapis lazuli as the basis for ultramarine blue in Renaissance painting. If you could identify the presence of specific pigments from a photograph, it might provide a crude filtering mechanism for images to help find images from a particular time period, locale, artist, or medium.
To test this theory, I built a small visualization using D3.js to test it out. To simplify the example here, I'm going to show only the RGB colorspace, so you can see how it works. Since this is the natural realm of HTML, it simplifies the code, but it's a terrible color space for looking at real works of art.
I used several images in testing, of stained glass and shibori (a Japanese version of tye-die, which often involves muted earth tones). Stained glass windows are difficult to photograph, and large patches of most images are over or under-exposed. Looking at histograms in the HSV colorspace (hue-saturation-value) shows this, the value and saturation filters show large spikes at either end.
For shibori, I had no such issues; the images have an added benefit, in that I know what dyes are used. After looking at histograms for a while, I remembered a key difference between these mediums: fabric dyeing is mostly additive process, with the amount of color determined by how long the fabric soaks. Stained glass (and any fired ceramic) can have different hues based on how it's fired, and combines glass colors with several layers of different types of paints, stains, and glazes.
In future research, I'm intending to build histograms that support drilling down (similar to a data-warehousing feature). I found a library from Square that purports to do this in Javascript.
I also suspect the use of other color-spaces would be valuable. For modern print media, CMYK might make sense, or even guessing Pantone colors from an image (although this may fail due to bias in photographing the piece). Color systems designed by painters (e.g. the Ostwald System) seem promising as well.
D3.js is a Javascript library for building data driven documents, commonly used to build interactive infographics (see the New York Times and ProPublica for examples). I was aiming for an interactive animation of various histograms; it took a while to figure out how to get the animation working.
The library has a nice functional style, which makes for clean code but, like much lisp code, fails to use syntax to call out important grammatical points in code. Each statement is a sequence of successive transformations of data / html / svg objects, and you need to figure out when to start new transformations. The animations also happen in a background thread, so you need to hook into the end of each to trigger the next. If you tell D3 to transform an object's attributes from one value to another, it does a nice job, except for some rendering glitches with rounding.
function update(data, duration, delay, c)
 var hist ="body").selectAll("div");
 var hist =;
 function color(d) {
 if (c === 'r')
 return 'rgb(' + Math.round(d.x + d.dx / 2) + ',0,0)';
 if (c === 'g')
 return 'rgb(0,' + Math.round(d.x + d.dx / 2) + ',0)';
 if (c === 'b')
 return 'rgb(0,0,' + Math.round(d.x + d.dx / 2) + ')';
 var index = 0;
 .style("height", function(d) {
 return Math.floor(200 - y(d.y)) + "px";
 .style("background-color", color)
 .each("end", function(i){
 if (index === 0) {
 // trigger next animation here
 .style("height", function(d) {
 .attr("class", "bar")
 .style("background-color", color);


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Galactic and extragalactic novae - A Review
2018 March 21
2018 May 16
The outbursts of classical novae are among the strongest explosions in the Universe. The multifrequency observations are contributing to understanding the process of explosions and of the long term evolution. In this review, I discuss the observations of novae over the electromagnetic spectrum, focusing on the morphology of the decline light curves, the spectroscopic investigations, the long term evolution, the recurrent novae, the gamma ray emission in novae, extragalactic novae and the gravitational emission of novae.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The Education Trust–New York and Educators for Excellence-New York call for 'full and immediate transparency' on New York City's placement of teachers from the Absent Teacher Reserve (ATR)
Educators for Excellence-New York and The Education Trust–New York today filed a Freedom of Information Law (FOIL) request to the New York City Department of Education seeking the public release of data on placement of teachers from the Absent Teacher Reserve (ATR). The full text of the FOIL request is below.
The following statement can be attributed to Ian Rosenblum, Executive Director, The Education Trust–New York:
"Achieving educational equity demands that we address disparities in teaching quality because every child deserves a strong educator. We share the deep concerns of parents, educators and advocates that New York City's decision to fill staffing vacancies using the Absent Teacher Reserve (ATR) will do the opposite: assign struggling and less effective teachers to disproportionately serve students of color and low-income students. More than a month has passed since the city's announced policy took effect, and parents and the public deserve full and immediate transparency on how the administration's decisions are impacting students."
The following statement can be attributed to Evan Stone, Co-CEO and Founder, Educators for Excellence:
"A key factor in achieving equity and excellence is ensuring that every student has access to high-quality schools, principals, and teachers. New York City's decision to fill staffing vacancies using the city's Absent Teacher Reserve (ATR) moves our nation's largest school system further from this goal. Currently, the highest performing, most qualified teachers in New York City are disproportionately teaching in the city's wealthiest neighborhoods and schools, while schools serving low-income and students of color are disproportionately assigned the least qualified, lowest performing teachers. This problem will only be exacerbated by filling vacancies in high-need schools using the ATR. Our school communities deserve to know when and where these teachers are being assigned in order to ensure that our students have the high-quality teachers they need to be successful."
The text of the FOIL request follows:
NYC Department of Education
52 Chambers Street, Room 308
New York, NY 10007
By email: [email protected]
Dear Records Access Officer:
As part of our organizations' commitment to educational equity, we seek to ensure that every child has equal access to high-quality schools, principals, and teachers. To that end, we submit the following FOIL request regarding your announced policy of placing teachers from the Absent Teacher Reserve (ATR) in schools with vacancies as of October 15, 2017.
For each school where teachers from the ATR have been placed on or after October 15, 2017, please provide the name of the school and for each school:
- The total number of teachers placed from the ATR;
- Of the total in #1, the number of teachers by reason placed in the ATR (e.g., school closure, budget cuts, legal/disciplinary);
- Of the total in #1, the number of teachers by most recent effectiveness rating;
- Of the total in #1, the number of teachers by range of length of time in the ATR (e.g., were in the ATR 5 years ago, were in the ATR 2-5 years ago, were in the ATR less than 2 years);
- Of the total in #1, the number of teachers by classroom assignment/subject; and
- Of the total in #1, the number of teachers by certification area.
If you conclude that any individual data element cannot be provided at the school level due to the need to protect personally identifiable information as the result of a legal requirement, we request an explanation of the legal requirement and that such data element be provided at the NYC district level.
Please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions. We look forward to your response within 5 business days and ask that the requested information be provided electronically to [email protected].
Ian Rosenblum, Executive Director, The Education Trust–New York
Evan Stone, Co-CEO and Founder, Educators for Excellence


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Scientists have solved the mystery of why the world's highest mountains sit near the equator - colder climates are better at eroding peaks than had previously been realised.
Mountains are built by the collisions between continental plates that force land upwards. The fastest mountain growth is around 10mm a year in places such as New Zealand and parts of the Himalayas, but more commonly peaks grow at around 2-3mm per year.
In a study published today in Nature, David Egholm of Aarhus University in Denmark showed that mountain height depends more on ice and glacier coverage than tectonic forces.... At cold locations far from the equator, he found, erosion by snow and ice easily matched any growth due to the Earth's plates crunching together.
At low latitudes, the atmosphere is warm and the snowline is high. "Around the equator, the snowline is about 5,500m at its highest so mountains get up to 7,000m," said Egholm. "There are a few exceptions [that are higher], such as Everest, but extremely few. When you then go to Canada or Chile, the snowline altitude is around 1,000m, so the mountains are around 2.5km."...
Thursday, August 13, 2009
I'm always interested in new "facts" that explain the world to me. I just ran across this article by Alok Jha in the Guardian:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Pregnant? Ask A Professional
The Arizona Pregnancy Riskline, a free service at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, warns mothers-to-be that the internet is not the best source of accurate information when it comes to taking medication while you're pregnant.
The Arizona Pregnancy Riskline is a free service provided by the UA College of Pharmacy. Specially-trained counselors educate pregnant women and medical professionals on the potential risks of medication during pregnancy. While most medication is found to be safe, moms-to-be are urged to find out as much as they can from a professional before they take any medication, whether it be prescription or over-the-counter.
"An estimated 70 to 90 percent of all pregnant women use a prescription medication, and most of these women are very used to going to the Internet for information about nearly all aspects of their lives," said Dee Quinn, a certified genetics counselor and director of the Arizona Pregnancy Riskline. "But a recent study looking at the reliability of websites that provide lists of medications reported to be safe showed both inconsistent and inaccurate information about those drugs."
A study was conducted on 25 active websites that contain lists of "safe" medication to take during pregnancy. This information was compared to TERIS (Teratogen Information System), which is an evidence-based system that uses consensus from experts in the field on the safety of medications during pregnancy.
The study found that almost half of the medications listed on websites as "safe" didn't have enough evidence to give an accurate risk assessment, and many sites didn't have dosage and frequency information, nor did they note that pregnant women need to contact their health care provider before starting or stopping any medication while pregnant.
Quinn suggests that all pregnant women take information from the internet with a grain of salt and instead, talk with their doctor -- or contact the Arizona Pregnancy Riskline at _PHONE_ for free, confidential information.


1. Myocardial revascularization-optical reflectance catheter and method
 A myocardial revascularization device has a catheter suitable for use in a myocardial revascularization procedure, the catheter including an elongate body having a proximal end and a distal end, and tissue-ablating means housed at least partially within the catheter and capable of effectuating tissue ablation adjacent the distal end of the catheter. The device further has an optical reflectance fiber housed within the catheter and coupled to an optical reflectance system. The device is operative to transmit a reflectance signal in the optical reflectance fiber, the reflectance signal including either short optical pulses or low-coherence light. The optical reflectance system...
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SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
vol.14 issue6Influence of volleyball in the bone mineral density of female adolescentsAnalysis of localized muscular fatigue in athletes and sedentary subjects through frequency parameters of electromyographic signal author indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
On-line version ISSN _PHONE_
AGRESTA, Marisa Cury; BRANDAO, Maria Regina Ferreira and BARROS NETO, Turíbio Leite de. Physical and emotional causes and consequences of career termination in sports. Rev Bras Med Esporte [online]. 2008, vol.14, n.6, pp. 504-508. ISSN _PHONE_.
INTRODUCTION: Elite athletes will have to face sport career termination sooner or later, and this is a crucial and inevitable process that brings about changes in the occupational, financial, social and psychological spheres of their lives, which can be followed by emotional distress. OBJECTIVE: The present study had the aim to research how former Brazilian basketball and professional soccer players have experienced retirement in sports career as well as its causes and consequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 79 former elite male athletes (soccer and basketball players) with mean age of 51.75 ± 8.85 years old were assessed. They have been professional athletes for 18.22 ± 4.66 years and had their career termination at about 34.36 ± 4.42 years. A semi-structured interview frame was used and the data were analyzed according to the answers frequency of occurrence for each interview item. RESULTS: It was observed that for 75.9% of these athletes the retirement from sport was their own choice. Age (49.4%) and appearance of other interests (43.0%) were the most frequent reasons related to the retirement. However, they have experienced feelings of sadness (50.6%) and resignation (36.7%) and 43% of the former athletes have experienced worsening in their physical condition after career termination. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the hereby-assessed athletes have experienced a long sports career, but their retirement caused feelings of sadness. On the other hand, old age itself is a limitation for the practice of elite sports, and its acknowledgement has led to resignation.
Keywords : retirement; sports [psychology]; soccer; basketball.


Authentic Shungite
Ancient Carbon for Modern Times
Authentic Shungite is a rare form of Ancient Carbon found only in a certain area of Russia. Containing Carbon in a crystalline form, Authentic Shungite possesses unique curative, healing and protective qualities which have been used and documented by the Russians since the time of Peter the Great.
Known as "The Stone of Life" in Russian Folklore, Shungite is used in modern Russia for water purification, agriculture, in hospitals to aid healing and quicken recovery times, and for the clearing of electromagnetic frequencies and radiation. Studied intensely by Russian scientists for the past twenty years, the stone has been found to be among the few natural materials on Earth known to contain the very powerful Carbon-based Antioxidants known as Fullerenes.
It is the organic Fullerenes present naturally in the stone which scientists feel are responsible for its almost magical properties.
The History of Fullerenes
So important was the modern discovery of Fullerenes in 1996 by the science world, that the scientists involved in that discovery were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Fullerenes -or Buckyballs as they are affectionately known due to their molecular shape resembling the famous Geodesic dome created by Buckminster Fullerare thought by scientists to have originated in outer space.
The History of Authentic Shungite
Authentic Shungite's origin is an enigma to scientists. While not proven, many scientists believe the stone to have formed over 2 billion years ago during the Precambrian Era on Earth. Many scientists speculate its large reserves of Fullerenes point to it being formed from a Meteorite that hit the Earth. There are other theories by scientists that point towards Authentic Shungite being formed in water.
Authentic Shungite as Natural Energy Filter
While its origins are shrouded in mystery, what is known about Authentic Shungite is its unparalleled ability to harmonize electromagnetic fields and radiation. While Carbon itself is used in filter form to clear and absorb impurities in both the air and the water, Authentic Shungite has the ability to 'filter' the energy environment by "making chaotic frequencies coherent". Some who have studied the stone speak of its ability to "alter the Bioenergy Field" while others speak of the stone's ability to "correct Torsion Fields". However the exact manner in which the stone clears energy. the end result are harmonized frequencies which strengthen the energy field and overall well-being of the individuals, animals and plants that are exposed to it.
Ancient Remedy for Modern EMF Pollution
With the ever increasing amount of background wireless radiation - and the pending roll-out of 5G, The Internet of Things, and Smart Citiesclearing EMF Pollution has never been as important as it is today. Being electrical in nature, the body was never designed to live amongst the continual onslaught of unnatural, man-made frequencies and radiations that we are collectively subjected to.
The idea of protecting from these frequencies through shielding devices and blocking materials can be both impractical as well as ineffective. Studies have shown that blocking devices only increases the devices output of radiation as the device continually increases the strength of its signal as it strives to make a connection.
A more recent look into blocking frequencies shows that this approach to protecting from EMFs weakens the body overtime, as the 'good' radiations produced by the Earth for the wellbeing of all living things get blocked out with the 'bad' frequencies. With shielding materials, over time, the body is left weaker. This is why so many Electrically Sensitive individuals find it difficult to get their energy back and to reduce their symptoms, they continue to use blocking materials, depriving their bodies of the natural radiations supplied by the Earth that they need to regain health and strength.
Authentic Shungite takes a different approach to EMF clearing. With a strong force field and what scientists are now referring to as an 'evolutionary memory', the stone is able to transform harmful frequencies and radiations into forms that support the energy of the body, rather than stress it. This has a beneficial effect on health.
Authentic Shungite Properties
Authentic Shungite has been studied by Russian scientists and found to have the following properties:
 - Makes chaotic frequencies coherent, another way of saying it harmonizes frequencies.
 - In animal studies, greatly reduces the pathogenic effects of EMFs on the blood until they are almost imperceptible.
 - Increases the overall immunity of the body.
 - Quickens healing time from illness, surgery and disease states.
 - Balances the central nervous system.
 - Aids in regulating hormones.
 - Clears Geopathic Stress.
 - Rejuvenates the skin and hair when used topically and internally.
Authentic Shungite vs Inferior Shungite
There are many stones currently on the market that are advertised as Shungite but are not. These stones look identical to Shungite, and do contain small amounts of Organic Carbon, but are not real Shungite. These stones are mined in India and China and are then imported into the states and sold as Shungite.
 Authentic Shungite is found only in Russia.
There are several Shungite mines in Russia. The bulk of these mines do contain Shungite, but inferior forms of the stone. This type of inferior Shungite has little to no EMF clearing and healing properties and is traditionally used in Russia for industrial purposes.
EMF Blues sources our own Authentic Shungite direct from the mine in Russia that contains the highest quality, therapeutic Shungite. All of our Shungite is guaranteed to contain a minimum of 30% Organic Carbon and be free from any coatings. All of our Shungite is also guaranteed to be carved from a single piece of Shungite stone.
Inferior Shungite will be cast from rubble and powder and will often be coated during the casting process. This type of Shungite is not suitable for EMF clearing or for increasing wellness. While its price tag might be cheaper, with Shungite, as with all stones, you generally get what you pay for in terms of quality.
See our line of Authentic Shungite!


Skip to definition.
Noun: peptide 'pep,tId
 1. Amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein
Derived forms: peptides
Type of: amide
Encyclopedia: Peptide


text:
Polar ring galaxies are ideal objects with which to study the three-dimensional shapes of galactic gravitational potentials since two rotation curves can be measured in two perpendicular planes. Observational studies have uncovered systematically larger rotation velocities in the extended polar rings than in the associated host galaxies. In the dark matter context, this can only be explained through dark haloes that are systematically flattened along the polar rings. Here, we point out that these objects can also be used as very effective tests of gravity theories, such as those based on Milgromian dynamics (also known as Modified Newtonian Dynamics or MOND).We run a set of polar ring models using bothMilgromian and Newtonian dynamics to predict the expected shapes of the rotation curves in both planes, varying the total mass of the system, the mass of the ring with respect to the host and the size of the hole at the centre of the ring. We find that Milgromian dynamics not only naturally leads to rotation velocities being typically higher in the extended polar rings than in the hosts, as would be the case in Newtonian dynamics without dark matter, but that it also gets the shape and amplitude of velocities correct. Milgromian dynamics thus adequately explains this particular property of polar ring galaxies.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science


text:
CERP asked 3,616 undergraduate computing majors about their perceptions of institutional support for becoming a middle or high school computing teacher. As seen here, very few students in this sample have been exposed to this career path in their department, and more than one-third of students perceive the career path as viewed negatively in their department. Furthermore, few students knew where to seek advice for this career path at their institution. These data suggest colleges and universities in general, and computing departments specifically, could improve the amount of emphasis placed on teaching middle or high school computing. In turn, this might result in increased interest by computing majors in becoming middle or high school computing teachers. Given recent efforts to promote widespread K-12 computing education, enhancing support for students who might be interested in becoming middle or high school computing teachers is important.
Notes. Data were collected from a sample of undergraduate students who were majoring in a computing field during the fall 2015 academic semester. Computing majors included computer science, computer information systems/informative, bioinformatics, computing and business, information technology, computer engineering, and other fields with a strong computing component. Students were asked to indicate how much they agreed or disagreed with the following statements: Middle or high school teaching is discussed as a career option in my major department; There is a negative perception of choosing middle or high school teaching as a career in my major department; I know where to go at my college or university to get good advising about the career path for middle or high school teaching, using the following scale: (1) Strongly disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Neither disagree nor agree, (4) Agree, (5) Strongly agree. Percentages of students who responded with either Agree or Strongly agree are displayed in this visualization.
This analysis is brought to you by the CRA's Center for Evaluating the Research Pipeline (CERP). CERP provides social science research and comparative evaluation for the computing community. To learn more about CERP, visit our website at _URL_
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number (CNS-_PHONE_; and/ or DUE-_PHONE_). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.


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Asmol Dyspnoea Side Effect Reports
The following Asmol Dyspnoea side effect reports were submitted by healthcare professionals and consumers.
This information will help you understand how side effects, such as Dyspnoea, can occur, and what you can do about them.
A side effect could appear soon after you start Asmol or it might take time to develop.
|Dyspnoea, Joint Swelling|
This Dyspnoea side effect was reported by a pharmacist from AUSTRALIA. A 40-year-old patient (weight:NA) experienced the following symptoms/conditions: asthma,pain. The patient was prescribed Asmol (dosage: 2 Puffs 4 Times A Day), which was started on Feb 22, 2011. Concurrently used drugs:
Asmol Dyspnoea Causes and Reviews
When you're short of breath, it's hard or uncomfortable for you to take in the oxygen your body needs. You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.
Many conditions can make you feel short of breath:
- Lung conditions such as asthma, emphysema, or pneumonia
- Problems with your trachea or bronchi, which are part of your airway system
- Heart disease can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body
- Anxiety and panic attacks
If you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.
Asmol Dyspnoea Reviews
|Sun, 10 Jul 2011|
|my son is 2years and 4 months. He has cold and Cough and difficulty in breathing. The doctor who examined him has prescribed Asmol inhaler to be administered 4times a day with 6puffs per administration at 5counts inbetween each puffs. Is it safe for a 2yr old as i was told it is a high dosage for him. Is it so?|
|Wed, 21 Apr 2010|
|was told inhailers causes a week heart is this true|
Top Asmol Side Effects


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Answers Bible Curriculum Year 3 Quarter 4 Lesson 10
This week in Sunday school, we're taking a closer look at what the New Testament epistles have to say about the Christian's growth in holiness. What is the difference between positional and progressive sanctification? How is your own effort key in the process of becoming holy? Why is the battle for holiness in the Christian life so important? Please join us as we consider these crucial questions and more.
Our main texts for this lesson are 1 Peter 1:13-16, Philippians 3:12-16, and Ephesians 6:10-20.


Student Thesaurus
One entry found for talkative.
Entry Word: talkative
Function: adjective
Text: fond of talking or conversation
Synonyms chatty, conversational, gabby, garrulous, loquacious, talky
Related Words communicative, expansive; demonstrative, effusive, gushing; outspoken, unreserved, vocal; articulate, fluent, glib, voluble; blabby, gossipy, talebearing; long-winded, prolix, verbose, windy, wordy; extroverted (also extraverted), gregarious, outgoing, sociable
Near Antonyms quiet, shy; mum, mute, silent, speechless, tongue-tied, wordless; evasive, nonvocal, secretive, self-contained, uncommunicative; aloof, introverted, unsociable, withdrawn
Antonyms closemouthed, laconic, reserved, reticent, taciturn, tight-lipped


text:
Using the Display Interface
With BlueZone, users have the ability to remove session text from the display session and paste it onto the Windows Clipboard. The Clipboard text can then be pasted back into another screen of the display session or into another Windows application. To cut session text to the clipboard:
Hold down the left mouse button while dragging the mouse pointer over the desired text; or, use the keyboard select functions: Left, Up, Right, Down, All.
Once the desired text is selected, release the left mouse button.
From the BlueZone MenuBar select Edit, Cut.
De-select Highlighted Text
To de-select the highlighted text without cutting it click the left mouse button; or use the keyboard select function Cancel.
View Text on Clipboard
Use the Clipboard Viewer application that comes with Windows.
To view the text in the correct context make sure the Display, OEM Text option is enabled in the Clipboard Viewer.
NOTE When using Edit, Cut to remove session text, only unprotected input data will be cut to the clipboard. Also, The Edit, Cut operation always functions as if Copy with Columns Aligned is enabled. For additional information, see Edit Property Sheet below in related topics.
Copying Text to a File
Copying Text to the Printer
Pasting Text into the Display Session


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Shots - Health Blog
Tue September 25, 2012
Korean Eunuchs Lived Long And Prospered
Originally published on Tue September 25, 2012 1:22 pm
Tell people you're doing a story about the life spans of Korean eunuchs, the typical reaction is a giggle or a cringe.
But if you can overcome your visceral response to the topic, a study scientists in Korea did is quite interesting, both for what they found, and the way they found it.
Several scientists have shown that there is a link between longevity and reproduction: the greater the fertility, the shorter the life span. This has been fairly well established in nonhuman animal species, but proving it's the case for humans has been tricky.
Kyung-jin Min of Inha University in Inchon, Korea, took a unique approach to the problem. He and his colleagues plowed through historical records from the Korean court dating back to 1392. Eunuchs did a variety of jobs for the king, and they were rewarded well for the work. Among the perks: They were the only males outside the royal family who were allowed to stay in the palace overnight.
"Maintaining genealogy records was important because these records provided proof of belonging to the Yang-Ban (Noble) class," Min writes in the online supplemental material accompanying an article describing the researc in the journal, Current Biology.
But determining an individual's age at death was complicated. Dates were kept using the sexagenary cycle, meaning they reset every 60 years. "The lifespan of the eunuchs could be deduced only when the record contained the King's name and the ruling year," Min writes. "For example, Yoon-Muk Lee was born in the seventeenth year of King Young-Jo's reign (AD 1741) and died in the sixteenth year of King Soon-Jo's reign (AD 1816)."
Their painstaking research yielded 81 eunuchs whose age could be reliably determined. For comparison, Min and his colleagues also looked the life spans of male members of royal families who were capable of having children.
"The average lifespan of eunuchs was 70.0 ± 1.76 years, which was 14.4–19.1 years longer than the lifespan of non-castrated men of similar socio-economic status," Min writes. What's more, 3 of the 81 lived to be 100 or older. "The current incidence of centenarians is one per 3,500 in Japan and per 4,400 in the United States," Min writes.
Jill Crandall, a researcher at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, studies hormone changes with aging. She says the Korean results are consistent with a paper she published last year showing that male and female centenarians had fewer children than people who died younger.
But she and her colleague Nil Barzilai point out that it would probably be a mistake to assume that decreasing male sex hormones would automatically lead to a longer life. "The eunuchs were castrated at early age," they pointed out in an email to Shots. "It may have influenced puberty, maturity, and a variety of other hormones. Thus, this study does not mean that if you take an elderly person and decrease their sex hormone they may live longer."
In any event, it's not clear how many men would choose such an extreme strategy to squeeze out a few more years of existence, even if it was proved to work.


text:
Last Updated: Friday - 09/24/2010
Week of November 25, 2002
Tinkering with life bypasses ethics
Author provides moral compass, scientific facts in bioethics debate
By RAMON GONZALEZ
WCR Staff Writer
For centuries, people have been selectively breeding plants and animals.
An easy example is when scientists and farmers choose certain boars to mate with certain sows over generations to produce leaner pig meat.
Few question the ethics of this. So is the genetic engineering of plants and animals significantly different from human experimentation, and if so, why?
What about the cloning of human embryos for reproductive or therapeutic purposes?
Is this ethical?
Should human beings attempt to do whatever they have the means to?
If you want to expand your knowledge about genetic engineering from a Catholic perspective, take a look at Genetic Engineering, Christians Values and Catholic Teaching, a new book by Paul Flaman, a professor of Christian theology at St. Joseph University College.
In it, Flaman examines the moral implications of cloning, eugenics, genetically engineered food, biological warfare and stem-cell research in the context of Christian and Catholic teaching on creation, sin, redemption and incarnation.
The 138-page book, released last month by Paulist Press, is intended as a resource for science and religion teachers from Grades 7 to 12, as well as university instructors in bioethics and other fields.
It could also be helpful as reading material for university or college students, including nursing students and seminarians.
Flaman says it was Mervyn Lynch, a leader for years with Edmonton Catholic schools, who signaled a lack of resource material on genetic engineering for Alberta schools and suggested he write the book.
Form your conscience
"I think each of us, whether we are a Catholic or not, should try to seek the truth and understand the truth," he said in a recent interview. "I guess the book is meant to be a way for people to form their consciences and understand the truth in this area."
Flaman begins with a brief overview of major developments on genetics and genetic engineering and then discusses ethical issues related to the genetic engineering of plants and animals, touching on topics such as agribusiness, ecological concerns, biological warfare, genetically modified food, transgenic animals, cloning and patenting life forms.
The author goes on to discuss ethical issues related to the genetic engineering of human beings and analyses topics such as genetic testing, counselling, therapy, enhancement, cloning and eugenics.
In chapter 3, the author discusses major views on plant, animal and human life today and in chapter 4, he provides ethical analysis and reflection on areas of widespread agreement, as well as disagreement, related to genetics and values.
Each chapter of the book ends with intriguing discussion questions appropriate for teachers, students and lay people alike.
"Paul Flaman has composed a thorough and understandable explanation of contemporary developments in the field of genetic science," says Kevin O'Rourke, a professor of health care ethics at Loyola University in Chicago. "He deftly and accurately presents an evaluation of present and future technologies resulting from genetic engineering based on the perspective of Christian values and Catholic teaching."
While Flaman takes an ecumenical approach, he clearly supports Catholic teaching, arguing that while Catholic teaching may seem restrictive on genetic engineering issues, "it really shows an appreciation of a wider range of values such as the dignity of the human being, the sacredness of life, particularly human life created in the image of God."
The genetic engineering of plants and animals can involve advantages and Catholic thinkers, Flaman included, say it should be carefully followed through openness, analysis and controls, ensuring that it does not neglect respect for life or lead to exploitation.
But there is already cause for concern. As Flaman puts it, the genetic engineering of plants and animals may help solve world hunger, but it may also drive smaller farmers out of business and increase farmers' dependence on multinationals.
"For example, genetically engineered seeds which produce greater yields may drive smaller farmers out of business since these seeds are more expensive," he notes.
"Seeds engineered to resist certain herbicides, if farmers buy them, will result in the concentration of the agri-seeds and chemicals business in the hands of a few high-tech companies."
Moreover, some genetic engineering developments in wealthier countries could be devastating to certain Third World economies.
"For example, new means of producing vanilla and cocoa in factories in North America and Europe could be devastating to the economies of Madagascar and West Africa, respectively."
The answer to the problem, Flaman implies, is to put the welfare of human beings ahead of profits, exploitation and domination.
The author, like Pope John Paul, believes the goal of embryonic stem-cell research is a good goal because it may lead to cures for Parkinson's and other diseases.
The problem, he laments, is that the technique involves the manipulation and destruction of human embryos, which makes it ethically wrong.
"It needs to be kept in mind that the human embryo (or zygote or fetus), whether it results from normal in vivo fertilization or in vitro fertilization or cloning, is a human being," he says. "It should always be treated as a person with the basic rights of a person, including the right to life."
Stem cell research
Flaman supports research on stem-cells which are taken from human cord blood, bone marrow or adult tissues "because this research does not harm anyone."
On the issue of cloning humans, Flaman's opinion is decisive, arguing that producing human beings by cloning is immoral in itself.
"Like in vitro fertilization, cloning disassociates human procreation from its proper context, a fruit of the conjugal act within a loving marriage," he says.
"It also 'establishes the domination of technology over the origin and destiny of the human person' which is contrary to the dignity and equality common to embryonic human beings and other human beings."
Call for legislation
Flaman thinks Canada needs relevant legislation in the area of reproductive technologies because, as he puts it, "There are certain uses of these technologies that can be beneficial to human beings and also be violating the dignity of human beings or the dignity of human procreation.
"We don't need to push for everything we consider immoral to be a crime, but I think in a civilized society we should protect human beings from being exploited and destroyed (in the name of science)."


Comparative Essay Ransom And On The Waterfront Year 11 Essay
943 words - 4 pages
Leadership often highlights how characters get to where they are by embracing their own values. In the novel 'Ransom', written by David Malouf, which takes place during the Trojan War as described in the Illiad, Malouf demonstrates how the king of Troy, Priam, transgresses and becomes more aware of what he is meant to do through recognition of what is necessary, as shown when he takes upon himself to get his son's body back. In comparison, Elia Kazan's film, 'On the Waterfront', explores the conflicts faced by ex-prize fighter, Terry Malloy, as he learns that he needs to fight for what is right, in order to prove a point to those around him. Although these stories are set in separate places and periods of time, both explore how one, to be a true selfless leader, should be able to stand up for what they believe against all odds. However, while 'Ransom' and 'On the Waterfront' show how characters embrace themselves and take action, both also exposes how the reverse isn't true, where characters that have come into power their own way can be in conflict with their own followers, which can lead to disapproval and even rejection.
By being able to fight for their goals they believe in, one shows a sign of confidence and morality, setting them up to be a figurehead for change. Ransom and Invictus both show how the power of self-awareness can drive an individual's will further to achieve what they want. The death of Hector in the first scenes of 'Ransom' presents Priam a chance to carry out the treacherous task of ransoming his son's body without assistance, reflecting the nature of justice. Although a king and a beloved one at that, Priam recognises the futility of just being a 'ceremonial figurehead', 'to others, great Priam. But only because they have never really looked at [him]'. A similar uncertainty in what one is supposed to do is demonstrated in Kazan's film, 'On The Waterfront', with its opening scene showing Terry shocked at the fact that a man has just been murdered, a death that he played a part in unwillingly. Kazan presents Terry's distress through a medium shot of him and his _____, which contrasts how shell-shocked Terry is, who says very few words during the aftermath of Joey's death, considering that 'he wasn't a bad kid, that Joey', to the casual behaviour of Johnny Friendly's men, who laugh at Joey being a 'canary'. This scene provides viewers with information that hints at how Terry is not comfortable with being one of Johnny's men, his values in conflict especially when his brother Charley totally submits himself to Friendly. In addition, Malouf details how after Pr...
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1720 words - 7 pages Free guards intended for them as due to the chains, the prisoners could not move for themselves. The guards are "playing god" in a sense here because they have been controlling the prisoners and making all decisions for the prisoners. They control what the prisoners can or cannot do, what they see, and if they live or not. By taking on this role, the guards decide to have the prisoners "heads held by the chains so that they must sit facing the back wall
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1528 words - 7 pages, despite the fact that they are impoverished. However, for the same reason, her family experiences isolation due to the difference of their skin colour from the majority of the population surrounding them. The fifteen-year-old protagonist escapes this isolation and dissimilitude as she develops a sexual relationship with a significantly older and wealthier man from China as she crosses L'Écriture Migrant Comparative Essay Neshann Lacuesta the Mekong
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1036 words - 5 pages allegory of the ensuing chaos and social instability that arise as consequences of a quest for power, one that is driven by political pragmatism and expediency. A comparative study demonstrates how the intertextual perspective on leadership and other political values and attitudes are inherently shaped by their social contexts. Machiavelli, in The Prince, emphasises that leaders must rule with political expediency and an abandonment of morals to
1010 words - 5 pages Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo's plot against Prospero. Shakespeare demonstrates Prospero's controlling nature in a number of different ways including the controlling love he has for his daughter Miranda and the possessive nature in which he treats Caliban but most importantly the effects of power are shown through Prospero's ability to control people through his magic. These effects are explicitly shown through Prospero's reflection on his plans
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407 words - 2 pages file would be saved locally on a NTFS file system where the remote file system is EXT4 and the protocol between the local machine and the remote machine is via CIFS. Critically comparing does NOT mean just covering one whole section on one file system in isolation and then covering another in isolation. It means comparing all of them in conjunction with one another for a specific category or criteria. Marks will be awarded for quality and depth of


Tiger Trout Fishing Tips: All You Need To Know To Catch Them
Tiger Trout
Known as a hybrid of trouts, Tiger Trout is considered one of many special types of fish that a fisherman can get his hands on. A Tiger trout is actually a combination of two species of trouts. They are also the aggressive type and that is why anglers and fishermen would take on the challenge of baiting one.
This article will discuss the tips and tricks you can use on fishing Tiger trouts. Additionally, we will also dive deep and discuss all you need to know about this powerful hybrid.
All You Need To Know About Tiger Trout
The Tiger Trout is known to be an anomaly of the wild since it is a cross that came from two types of trout from different genera. It is an inter genetic hybrid from a brown trout, known scientifically as Salmon Trutta and the brook trout which is scientifically known as Salvelinus Fontinallis.
This breed goes as far back as 1944. The unusual pairing of the brook trout and brown trout resulted in a trout that resembles stripes that of a tiger, thus it is referred to as the Tiger Trout. They have also been found to grow faster than any other natural species.
Tiger trouts are usually bred and raised in fish farms only to be released later on to help control the competition. This is also the reason why the Tiger Trout has become a go-to breed used for fish stocking programs.
The process of breeding Tiger Trouts happens through the fertilization of the eggs from the brown trout and the milt of the brook trout. It results in the Tiger trout having an excess number of chromosomes and an enhanced survival rate of about 85%.
This type of trout is considered a very piscivorous which means it feeds heavily on other fishes. The average weight can be around 2 to 5 pounds, however, there had been records of the largest being at around 20 pounds.
What Do They Look Like?
As the name suggests, Tiger Trouts are famously known for their tiger stripes. They usually appear grayish-brown in color with their body covered in a labyrinth-like pattern. They also typically have a bright colored belly often seen as a yellow and orange blend.
They carry a square tail fin and their pectoral and pelvic fin displays the same color as their belly. Meanwhile, their head will usually have a spotted pattern which is similar to that of the brown trout.
The females will usually have a light brown and tan shade with less of the orange and yellow tones.
Where Can You Usually Find Them?
Tiger Trout don't naturally appear in waters, and they are actually released into lakes after they are bred and raised in fish farms. The places with abundant Tiger Trout population include Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, Nevada and Saskatchewan, Canada to name a few.
Often times, they thrive in cold waters and big lakes. However, there is also a huge population that can be found in moving waters. Tiger Trouts are agile fishes and can easily swim against the current. Additionally, they are also found in waters where there are tons of small fishes.
What Do They Eat?
This powerful hybrid also has a very huge appetite. To keep up with their strength, they generally are feeders of other smaller fishes. Being piscivorous makes them the ideal weapon in controlling fish population.
Aside from small fishes, they also have an appetite for invertebrates, insects, and larvae. Additionally, they also feed on nymphs, trout dries, and streamers on other occasions.
Other Characteristics
One of the notable characteristics of a Tiger Trout is its strength. Most fishes save the nutrients they get from feeding for the purpose of reproduction. However, this is not the case for the Tiger Trout.
Since they do not reproduce and reproduction is not on their primary purpose, most of the nutrients they consume is used for growth. This is mainly the reason why this breed possesses great strength and can put up a fight when caught.
How To Catch Tiger Trout?
Tiger Trout are mysterious and can put up a fight when caught. This is the reason why anglers and fishermen consider it a priced catch. Among the most effective ways, there is bait casting and fly fishing.
Tiger Trout Catch
Baitcasting Method
Baitcasting is one of the methods of fishing that you can explore and use to catch Tiger Trouts. This method relies on the lure's weight to extend the fishing line to the target. Follow these steps to guide you on how to properly do bait casting.
 1. Hold your baitcasting rod above the waist level. The reel should be above the rod, and your thumbs should fall on the bottom of the spool. As for your lure or bait, it should be about 8 to 10 inches below the rod's tip.
 1. While your thumb is on the spool to make sure that it does not unwind, put the reel into a free spool by pushing the button.
 1. The next step you need to do is to pull the rod backward so its tip will sweep over your dominant shoulder. After that proceed to bring it forward quickly. You have to make sure that while doing this the tip of the rod is aiming at the target.
 1. While the rod is coming forward, take your thumb off your spool. In doing so, you are allowing the lure to pull the line of the reel.
 1. Once you noticed that the lure touches the water, you need to again put your thumb back on the spool.
 1. To engage the anti-reverse, you can try to reel once or twice. After which, you are now ready to catch that priced Tiger Trout.
To have a more constructive idea on how this is done, watch this video:
Fly Fishing Method
Another method that you can opt to use is fly fishing. This method is commonly used to land monster sized trouts like the Tiger Trout. Here are the steps that you can follow on how to fly fish for Tiger Trouts.
 1. Before you can go ahead and try out your hand in fly fishing, first, you have to make sure that you have obtained the proper license in order for you to go fly fishing. Each state has their own requirements regarding this, so you need to check carefully.
 1. The next step is to gather the proper fishing gear. Be sure that these are not just some fishing gear but one with good quality. Your basic gear should at least include the following:
 - Six to eight feet fly fishing rod
 - Reel and rod case
 - Spool
 - Flies
 - Pair of pliers
 - Hemostat
 - A pocket knife
 - Fly box for transporting your gear
 - Landing net
 - Fly fishing vest
 1. Next is to pick out the ideal flies. Flies are created to mimic aquatic invertebrates and can be purchased at any fishing stores or can also be made. The most common types include stonefly hatch, midges, leeches, dragonfly, and mayfly hatch.
 1. Once you have picked out your flies, you need to tie the fly knots properly to your line. Before tightening your fly knot, wet it first so it will be easier for you to slide the knot around your line and slide it into place.
 Once the fly knot is in position, you can tighten it. To check if it is securely in place, try to pull the line. If you notice any excess line at the end past your knot, cut it off. Be sure to cut off any excess line as close to the knot as possible.
 1. After you have securely tied your fly knot to your line, it's time to cast and reel your catch. You have two options in doing this depending on the available space you have around you.
 If in case you have more than enough room, you can opt to do a two-stroke cast. If you notice that there are no low hanging trees around you, then this method is very much possible.
 To start, let out around three rod-lengths of your fishing line. Keep your rod held by your dominant hand. Do a thorough check on your fishing line if there are any tangles.
 If you notice any tangles on your fishing line, be sure to fix and straighten them before casting. Have your arms slightly extended, and then with a steady movement, whip the rod tip up and back.
 Attentively observe the line unfurling. Before it straightens out, whip the rod forward. This will instantly send the line out to the surface of the water.
 However, if you are in a situation wherein you do not have enough space to do a two-stroke cast, you can do a roll cast instead. When doing a roll cast, position the rod slightly in front of you and hold it with your dominant hand.
 Before casting, check carefully for any tangles and be sure to straighten and fix them. Slightly move the rod backward. The tip of the rod should be positioned right above your casting shoulder with a little piece of line hanging behind you.
 Slowly bring the rod forward and then as your arm comes down, speed it up. Swiftly stop once the rod's tip is slightly angled upward. In doing so, the loop will unfurl and land on the water's surface.
 1. Next is to make your fly move on the surface of the water. Since Tiger Trouts have a big appetite for small fishes, insects, and invertebrate, you have to control the movement of your fly as if it is the real thing.
 You can let it drift without moving


text:
Origin of the parasites of an invading species, the Australian cane toad (Bufo marinus): are the lungworms Australian or American?
Article first published online: 18 SEP 2008
© 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Volume 17, Issue 20, pages 4418–4424, October 2008
How to Cite
DUBEY, S. and SHINE, R. (2008), Origin of the parasites of an invading species, the Australian cane toad (Bufo marinus): are the lungworms Australian or American?. Molecular Ecology, 17: 4418–4424. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03922.x
- Issue published online: 9 OCT 2008
- Article first published online: 18 SEP 2008
- Received 14 July 2008; revision received 31 July 2008; accepted 7 August 2008
- invasive species;
- mitochondrial gene;
- nuclear gene;
Phylogeographical analyses that identify the geographical origin of parasites in invading species can clarify the parasites' potential for biological control of the invader and the risks posed by the parasite to native species. Our data on nuclear and mitochondrial genetic sequences show that the nematode lungworms (Rhabdias spp.) in invasive Australian populations of cane toads (Bufo marinus) are Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala, a South American species. We did not find this lungworm species in any Australian frogs sympatric with cane toads, suggesting that the parasite does not attack Australian frogs and hence may offer potential as a biocontrol agent of the toad.


text:
Learn something new every day More Info... by email
Leek dip includes any vegetable or cracker dip that uses the leek as its base flavor. A cousin of the onion, leeks have a pungent flavor. Most individuals preparing leek dip cook the leeks enough to draw out the vegetable's sweetness, though, often making the dip milder and more appealing to a broader range of tastes. Some leek dips also combine leeks with other vegetables or ingredients to add dimension to the flavor. These dips are typically served with a platter of sliced vegetables or crackers.
Allium porrum, more commonly known as the leek, is a member of the lily family, along with onions, shallots, garlic, and chives. Leeks have a flavor that closely mimics the taste of onions, but when cooked, leeks take on a sweeter, more delicate taste than onions do. The vegetable measures roughly 1 foot in length (approximately 30 centimeters), and its stalk is about 2 inches in diameter (approximately 5 centimeters). Layers of dark green leaves tightly wrap around a pale green stalk, which gradually turns white as it reaches the small bulb at the bottom of the plant. Both the stalk and leaves of the leek are edible, but some recipes call for one over the other.
Many individuals making leek dip prefer to use the white and pale green parts of the stalk instead of the dark green leaves. The leeks are halved and sliced into thin rings measuring about 1/3 inch (approximately 8 millimeters) or smaller. In a preheated skillet coated with butter, the cook sautès the pieces until they soften. Some cooks may continue sautèing the leeks until they begin to brown and caramelize. This cooking process minimizes the pungency of the leeks while releasing their aroma and drawing out their mild flavor.
After the leeks are cooked, they must be added to a dairy base. Most dips are made with sour cream, and the average leek dip is no exception. Many cooks also add a soft cheese, like goat cheese, to the dip, and some substitute cream cheese for sour cream in order to create a richer tasting dip. The dairy ingredients are thoroughly mixed together before the cook stirs in the sauteed leek slices, creating a very simple, basic leek dip.
Most individuals prefer adding other ingredients to the dip to create a more complex flavor. Herbs, spices and vegetables, including parsley, black pepper, salt, and chives, are the most common, subtle possibilities. Some individuals may also add blended vegetables, like mashed peas, or chopped nuts, like almonds, peanuts, or walnuts, to alter the taste and texture of the leek dip. Finely chopped pieces of cooked bacon create a dip with a heartier flavor.
Leek dips are usually served with platters of raw vegetables or crackers. Vegetables commonly served on platters include cucumbers, celery, cauliflower, and carrots. For more variety, individuals may also include less common vegetables like daikon radishes or kohlrabi. Alternatively, a leek dip can be served alongside gourmet crackers, pita crisps, and breadsticks, instead of vegetables.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


type: QgsProcessingParameterFeatureSink
## Accepted data types:
## - str: destination vector file
## e.g. d:/test.shp
## - str: memory: to store result in temporary memory layer
## - str: using vector provider ID prefix and destination URI
## e.g. postgres:… to store result in PostGIS table
## - QgsProcessingOutputLayerDefinition
## - QgsProperty
## Outputs
## OUTPUT:
## Vertices
In our case the tool to extract the vertices is simple and only has one input and one output. The function run_qgis() executes a QGIS tool indicating the algorithm and its arguments. The advantage of using the algorithm directly from R is that we can pass objects of class sf (or sp) and raster that we have imported or created in R. As output we create a geojson, it could also be of another vector format, and we save it in a temporary folder. At the same time we indicate to import the result directly into R (load_output = TRUE).
river_vertices <- run_qgis(alg = "native:extractvertices",
 INPUT = river_line,
 OUTPUT = file.path(tempdir(), "rivers_world_vertices.geojson"),
 load_output = TRUE)
## [1] "C:/Users/xeo19/AppData/Local/Temp/Rtmpa4DrCj/rivers_world_vertices.geojson"
Currently on Windows there seem to be problems with the proj library. In principle, if the function ends up creating the river_vertices object, you should not worry. Otherwise, I recommend looking at the discussion in the issue opened at gitbub.
Before continuing with the distribution estimation of the angles, we filter some rivers of interest. The functions of the tidyverse collection are compatible with the sf package. In the last post I made an introduction to tidyverse here.
river_vertices <- filter(river_vertices,
 NAME %in% c("Mississippi", "Colorado",
 "Amazon", "Nile", "Orange",
 "Ganges", "Yangtze", "Danube",
 "Mackenzie", "Lena", "Murray",
## Simple feature collection with 94702 features and 11 fields
## geometry type: POINT
## dimension: XY
## bbox: xmin: -_PHONE_ ymin: -_PHONE_ xmax: _PHONE_ ymax: _PHONE_
## geographic CRS: WGS 84
## Warning in st_is_longlat(x): bounding box has potentially an invalid value range
## for longlat data
## for longlat data
## # A tibble: 94,702 x 12
## NAME SYSTEM name_alt scalerank rivernum Length_km vertex_index vertex_part
## *
## 1 Nile 1 4 3344. 0 0
## 2 Nile 1 4 3344. 1 0
## 3 Nile 1 4 3344. 2 0
## 4 Nile 1 4 3344. 3 0
## 5 Nile 1 4 3344. 4 0
## 6 Nile 1 4 3344. 5 0
## 7 Nile 1 4 3344. 6 0
## 8 Nile 1 4 3344. 7 0
## 9 Nile 1 4 3344. 8 0
## 10 Nile 1 4 3344. 9 0
## #... with 94,692 more rows, and 4 more variables: vertex_part_index,
## # distance, angle, geometry
Estimate the distribution
To visualize the distribution we can use either a histogram or a density graph. But in the case of estimating the probability density function, we find a mathematical problem when applying it to circular data. For circular data we should not use the density() standard function of R since in our data a direction of 360º is the same at 0º, which would cause errors in this range of values. It is a general problem for different statistical metrics. More statistical details are explained in the circular package. This package allows you to define the characteristics of circular data (unit, data type, rotation, etc.) as an object class in R.
So what we do is to build a function that estimates the density and returns a table with the angles (x) and the density estimates (y). Since rivers have different lengths, and we want to see differences regardless of that, we normalize the estimates using the maximum value. Unlike the density() function, in which the smoothing bandwidth bw is optimized, here it is required to indicate it manually. It is similar to defining the bar width in a histogram.
dens_circ <- function(x){
 dens <- density.circular(circular(x$angle, units = "degrees"),
 bw = 70, kernel = "vonmises",
 control.circular = list(units = "degrees"))
 df <- data.frame(x = dens$x, y = dens$y/max(dens$y))
Finally, we estimate the density of each river in our selection. We use the split() function of R Base to get a table of each river in a list object. Then we apply our density estimation function to the list with the function map_df() from the purrr package. The suffix _df allows us to get a joined table, instead of a list with the results of each river. However, it is necessary to indicate the name of the column with the argument.id, which will contain the name of each river. Otherwise we would not know how to differentiate the results. Also here I recommend reading more details in the last post about tidyverse here.
dens_river <- split(river_vertices, river_vertices$NAME) %>%
 map_df(dens_circ,.id = "river")
# results
## river x y
## 1 Amazon 0.000000 0._PHONE_
## 2 Amazon 0.704501 0._PHONE_
## 3 Amazon 1.409002 0._PHONE_
## 4 Amazon 2.113503 0._PHONE_
## 5 Amazon 2.818004 0._PHONE_
## 6 Amazon 3.522505 0._PHONE_
Now we only have to make the graph through the famous ggplot package. First we add a new font Montserrat for it use in this plot.
# font download
font_add_google("Montserrat", "Montserrat")
# use of showtext
showtext_opts(dpi = 200)
In the next step we create two objects with the title and the plot caption. In the title we are using an html code to color part of the text instead of a legend. You can use html very easily with the ggtext package.
# title with html
title <- "Relative distribution of river flow direction in the world"
caption <- "Based on data from Zeenatul Basher, 20180215"
The background grid that creates ggplot by default for polar coordinates did not convince me, so we create a table with x axis background lines.
grid_x <- tibble(x = seq(0, 360 - 22.5, by = 22.5),
 y = rep(0, 16),
 xend = seq(0, 360 - 22.5, by = 22.5),
 yend = rep(Inf, 16))
Next we define all the styles of the graph. The most important thing in this step is the element_textbox() function of the ggtext package to be able to interpret our html code incorporated into the title.
theme_polar <- theme_minimal() +
 theme(axis.title.y = element_blank(),
 axis.text.y = element_blank(),
 legend.title = element_blank(),
 plot.title = element_textbox(family = "Montserrat",
 hjust = 0.5,
 colour = "white",
 size = 15),
 plot.caption = element_text(family = "Montserrat",
 colour = "white"),
 axis.text.x = element_text(family = "Montserrat",
 colour = "white"),
 strip.text = element_text(family = "Montserrat",
 colour = "white",
 face = "bold"),
 panel.background = element_rect(fill = "black"),
 plot.background = element_rect(fill = "black"),
 panel.grid = element_blank()
Finally we build the graph: 1) We use the geom_hline() function with different y intersection points to create the background grid. The geom_segment() function creates the x grid. 2) We create the density area using the geom_area() function. 3) In scale_x_continous() we define a negative lower limit so that it does not collapse at a small point. The labels of the eight main directions are indicated in the scale_y_continous() function, and 4) Finally, we change to a polar coordinate system and set the variable to create facets.
ggplot() +
 geom_hline(yintercept = c(0,.2,.6,.8,


3+ | Core Confidence
Gather a thin stick (a wooden spoon works well) and essential oil. Allow your baby to smell the scent of the oil and put to the side. With your baby lying down, hold the stick above your baby's chest and help them grasp it with both hands. Slowly pull the stick upward, imitating a sit-up motion and activating the sit-up reflex. Gently lower your baby back down, supporting their head as you do.
The Science
This exercise will help your little one learn how to coordinate muscle movements to achieve a goal. This will be important as your baby develops more complex motor skills later on in infancy and toddlerhood. In addition, by enriching this simple activity with scent, you can help strengthen your baby's muscle memory, and enhance the process of learning.


Lauren Winner Addresses the Trinity and Sex in Nyvall Lectures
Author Lauren Winner
CHICAGO, IL (April 30, 2007) – Noted author Lauren Winner admitted her two lectures at North Park Theological Seminary on Thursday were incongruous: the first on the Trinity, and the second on sex.
Still, Winner's humor and breezy style captivated the packed audience at both presentations when she delivered the Nyvall Lectures in the Isaacson Chapel.
Churches often avoid speaking about the Trinity other than as a theological idea because it is so elusive. "Don't you just feel like you're nailing Jell-O to the wall?" she asked. At her Episcopal Church on Trinity, "The rector is always mysteriously out of town," leaving the sermon to a guest speaker, she quipped.
But incorporating a proper understanding of the Trinity into people's lives enriches their faith and communal relationships, she said. She spoke about three characteristics of the Trinity:
--The Trinity always is participating in an ongoing conversation about God's redeeming love.
--The Trinity models distinction without subordination.
--The Trinity means God is defined by relationships.
Understanding that the Trinity already is in conversation should shape how people understand prayer, Winner said. "We are being invited into a conversation that already is happening," Winner said. Therefore, Christians should not think of prayer as something they initiate.
The ongoing conversation also means that prayer includes silent listening. "Silence is probably more urgently needed now than perhaps any time in our Christian history."
The lack of subordination in the Trinity demonstrates an "ontology of peace," Winner said. "We are bid to a politics of peace because the Trinity is a relationship without violence."
She pointed to John 14 in which Jesus tells his disciples, "My peace I give to you." "Calm is not the only kind of peace," Winner said. "My peace," she explained, also means a life of reconciliation. The early church practiced pursuing peacemaking and reconciliation as a fruit of the Holy Spirit, she added.
Winner said it is easier for people to call for peace in Iraq, where they are not involved in an ongoing, intimate fashion, than it is to live peaceably in households and churches.
Those households and relationships are characterized by a commitment to hospitality because God is defined through relationships, Winner said. "The persons of the Trinity don't exist by themselves. They are defined by their relationships with one another."
She added that Christian hospitality means involving people more deeply in one another's lives and "not just inviting people into our homes occasionally."
In her second lecture, Winner drew from her book, Real Sex: The Naked Truth about Chastity. She told the gathering that the church has engaged in four myths about sex that ultimately are damaging to people:
--People will necessarily feel bad about having premarital sex.
--Men have uncontrollable libidos and women have none.
--Sex is necessary for fulfillment.
--Sexual sin is the unforgivable sin.
Telling young people they will feel bad if they have premarital sex ultimately will undercut trust of pastoral authority, Winner said, because not everyone feels regret or guilt. "Scripture is clear that sin works because what is corrosive actually feels fantastic."
Talking about sex cannot be isolated from the larger context of sin in general, Winner said, adding that the church often tells people they will be permanently damaged by having premarital or extramarital sex. As with any sin, people will be affected by their actions and will need to deal with its repercussions, she explained, but, "Saying reformation is a long process is not the same as saying someone is scarred for life."
Winner also told the gathering that the church's discussion of sex also demeans singleness. "The way the church says sex is necessary is to say marriage is necessary," Winner said. That attitude "explicitly or tacitly says that singleness doesn't count." Winner noted that Paul preferred singleness and Jesus remained single.
The church also causes harm when it tells the lie that men have raging libidos and women are not interested in sex. She drew laughter from the audience as she read from a contemporary Christian book on sex that highlighted that view.
Women, she added, are told to be chaste before marrying and then to become an entirely different person overnight. That is an impossible burden.
To say someone is waiting until they get married also is to assume that someone will get married. People must realize that they may never get married. "This is accepting that discipleship is not hard, and that following Jesus will always make you happy."
The church needs to speak better about marital sex, as well. "The church has not answered the question, 'Why is sex in marriage the best kind of sex?'"
The answer, she said, was the power of commitment and stability in a relationship.
The Nyvall Lectures are delivered each spring at North Park Theological Seminary and are named in honor of the school's founder, David Nyvall.


text:
knowledge, when integrated in schooling, presented family strengths as potential sources for study, while at the same time giving credibility to the dignities of students' lives. This connected students' homes with school lives, and students' school lives with home. Luis C. Moll, Cathy Amanti, Deborah Neff, and Norma Gonzalez argue for a "funds of knowledge" approach to connecting families to schools and to the educational lives of children. For these linguists and educators, Latino households possess funds of knowledge which are cultural wealth and practices to make sense of their world. Integrating the students' funds of knowledge necessitates research into
[...] how household members use their funds of knowledge in dealing with changing, and often difficult, social and economic circumstances. We are particularly interested in how families develop social networks that interconnect them with their social environments (most importantly with other households), and how these social relationships facilitate the development and exchange of resources, including knowledge, skills, and labor, that enhance the households' ability to survive or thrive. (132)
Social networks meet in special locations where funds of knowledge have value, such as after-school programs that offer special assistance for Latino communities. Valuing Spanish as a vehicle of learning is one such way to capitalize on the funds of knowledge of Latino families, as well as involving them in the educations of children. Building upon the social relationships within the community must happen first through these out-of-school educational facilities, therefore building community and presenting an advocate for families who fight on behalf of them in matters pertaining to schooling. Funds of knowledge are "intellectual, social and emotional resources that allow modest income families to survive with pride and respect" (10). Funds of knowledge contribute to families sense of dignity, and contribute to the meaning which they attribute to their lives and their social conditions and build on students' "cognitive and cultural resources by integrating community practices into the classrooms" (3). Educators first must understand the funds of knowledge of Latino families in order to know what families know, to bridge the dignity families ascribe to their lives with the resources of schools, which affirm that dignity and education are two rights for all citizens, that is, cultural citizens. This is also a way of integrating immigrant communities into the social institutions responsible for fostering civic awareness.
One strength of Latino families is the respeto parents show to teachers, and which they demand of their children for their teachers. At the same time, however, this respect means a disconnect from teachers, in the sense that parents unequivocally defer judgement on educational matters to the professionals who they deem more qualified in the matters of knowing their children's learning. The importance for establishing bridges between schools and families thus becomes of significant importance for drawing out the funds of knowledge of families on one hand, and also to alerting schools to the strengths of families and how to integrate some of the core values of Latino families into the curricula. Moll, Amanti, Neff, and Gonzalez write that
In the Latino culture, teachers are highly respected and, as such, Latino families may view that any interference from parents is rude and discourteous. Thus, teachers often view parents from their own cultural view point and assume that parents seeking input on assignments and grades as being interested and caring for their children's education. Latino parents, however, may view this kind of questioning as a sign of disrespect. Cultural differences and norms are misinterpreted because there is not enough direct community to move past these differences. (5)
Schools that don't take account the lives of families will neglect their involvement, and therefore potentially stigmatize parents as not being involved enough, or at least to the school's perceptions of involvement. This becomes problematic when schools don't recognize the language barriers Latino parents may face, as well as their working schedules which may be irregular or long. School satellite programs helping schools and families to bridge the distance are thus of primary importance for establishing firm links between schools and communities (6). Education and community integration are tightly woven, though educational statistics paint a grim picture for Mexican immigrants across the nation. Moll, Amanti, Neff, and Gonzalez warn that "if the high dropout rates and low educational achievement and performance levels are not turned around, the likelihood of creating a permanent cultural generation without hope of integrating into the mainstream is likely and quite sobering" (11). Subtractive educational practices deem certain student qualities as deficits to be overcome with formal schooling. Rather, schools must tap into the funds of knowledge families possess and rid themselves of deficit outlooks. At best, such metaphors capitalize on economics of families, which often come from low-income socioeconomic classes. Ultimately, the families' social class gets transposed onto the perceptions of students' intelligence, or what educators may consider their "lack." This form of ethnocentrism will prevent instructors from looking to the dignity of students' lives (12). The out-of-school educational institutions can fit this position as advocates for positive Latino educational outcomes and school support. The distance that some families demonstrate toward schools proves that having an agent out of school supporting their viewpoints. This institutional support lends credibility to the arguments and perceptions of Latino parents, raising their concerns to schools, and advocating on their behalf. Institutional support translates into knowledge about how institutions work. This is not one of the funds of knowledge Latino families bring to the table in schooling situations because of their immigrant status and their still growing awareness about how institutions in the U.S. function, as well as their rights for making claims and checking the power of these same institutions.
Austin, J.L. How to Do Things with Words. Ed. J. O. Urmson and Marina Sbisà. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1975. Print.
Behar, Ruth. The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart. Boston: Beacon P, 1996. Print.
Berlin, James. Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring College English Studies.West Lafayette, IN: Parlor, 2003. Print.
Bernstein, Basil. Class, Codes, and Control: Theoretical Studies Towards a Sociology of Language. London, UK: Routledge, 2003. Print.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1984. Print.
—. Homo Academicus. Trans. Peter Collier. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1988. Print.
—. In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology. Trans. Matthew Adamson. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1990. Print.
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron. Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture. Trans. Richard Nice. London: Sage, 1977. Print.
Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel. The Diverted Dream: Community Colleges and the Promise of Educational Opportunity in America, _PHONE_. New York: Oxford UP, 1989. Print.
Clark, Burton. "The 'Cooling-Out' Function in Higher Education." American Journal of Sociology. 66.6 (1960). 569-576. Print.
Eldred, Janet Carey, and Peter Mortensen. "Reading Literacy Narratives." College English 54.5 (1992): 512-539. Print.
Fernsten, Linda. "Discourse and Difference." International Journal of Inclusive Education 9.4 (2005): 371-387. Print.
Gee, James Paul. Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 1996. Print.
Grenfell, Michael, David Bloome, Cheryl Hardy, Kate Pahl, Jennifer Rowsell, and Brian Street. Language, Ethnography, and Education: Bridging New Literacy Studies and Bourdieu. New York: Routledge, 2012. Print.
Labov, William. The Social Stratification of English in New York City. New York: Cambridge UP, 2006. Print.
Levinson, Bradley A.U., Judson Everitt and Linda C. Johnson. "Integrating Indiana's Latino Newcomers: A Study of State and Community Responses to the New Immigration." CES Working Papers 1 (2007): 1-43. Print.
Moll, Luis C, Cathy Amanti, Deborah Neff, and Norma Gonzalez. "Funds of Knowledge: Using a Qualitative Approach to Connect Homes and Households." Theory Into Practice 31.2 (1992): 132-141. Print.
Shultz, Benjamin J. "Inside the Gilded Cage the Lives of Latino Immigrant Males in Rural Central Kentucky." Southeastern Geographer 48.2 (2008): 201-218. Print.
Soliday, Mary. "Translating Self and Difference through Literacy Narratives." College English 56.5 (1994): 511-526. Print.
Villanueva, Victor. Bootstraps: From an American Academic of Color. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1993. Print.


Illustration for article titled How to Find a Stud Without a Stud Finder
We've all been there at some point: anxiously trying to find a wall stud while you're in the process of hanging a picture, shelf or TV mount. Most stud finders are inconsistent at best, and I've found the more I learn about how houses are built, the easier it is to find a stud through logic instead of equipment. In lieu of buying yet another tool, here are a few tips for finding a stud without any fancy equipment.
1. Understand wall construction
Photo: Construction Projects ( (Flickr)
Every house is different, but there are a few things you can count on. More modern stick-framed houses (anything built after 1920 or so) is likely built with 2×4 or 2×6 studs. Here are some things you should know about how walls are framed.
 - Studs are generally spaced between 16″- 24″ on center (which means from the middle of one stud, to the middle of one next to it.) 16″ is the most common dimension though.
 - You will also find studs on either side of a window or door, but their placement is determined by the floor plans so they won't typically have the 16″ spacing
 - Most electrical boxes (switches or outlets) are attached to a stud on one side.
 - The actual dimensions of a 2×4 lumber vary based on the date the house (or the particular wall of the house in question) was built. For example, between _PHONE_ rough cut 2×4's were most common and were actually 2″ by 4″, for the most part. Houses built between _PHONE_ might have 2x4s that are 1-⅝" by 3-⅝", more modern 2x4s are actually 1-½ by 3-½ (all of which matters if you're trying to measure from the center of one stud to the next.)
 - Trim (crown molding, baseboard, and shoe molding) is generally nailed to a stud.
2. Look at the trim
Since the baseboard should be attached to the studs, look to see if you can spot where it might have been nailed. These holes—dimples—are generally filled with caulk and painted, but you may be able to spot one to identify the location of a stud. If you find one, try measuring in 16″ increments to locate the additional studs.
3. Use the switch
Photo: Rebecca Landis ( (Flickr)
If you don't have any luck checking out the trim, look for switches or outlets, knowing that at least one side of an electrical box will be mounted on a stud. Personally I'm not great at doing the "knock test" on the wall, but I can usually detect from tapping which side of the outlet is attached to the stud. Then you can measure about 3/4″ away from the outlet on the stud side and use that as the starting point to determine the 16″ intervals.
4. Measure from the corner
Photo: garann ( (Flickr)
With studs generally 16″ on center, you can also do calculations from a corner of the room. This method can be a little iffy, because all rooms aren't built in numbers divisible by 16″ so you are likely to have a stud that is less than 16″ from one corner. Try the "knock test" near the corner to see if you can determine where the shorter stud-spacing might have been added. This only really works if you're measuring a corner off the exterior of the house, but there may be a situation where this helps (and it's certainly better than blindly drilling a dozen holes in your wall, hoping to hit a stud.)
Also, one of the very best ideas I had when building the addition on my last house was to take pictures of every wall in every room after they were framed in but before we hung the drywall. Those reference photos came in handy more times than I can count after the drywall was up.
This story was originally published on 9/18/14 and was updated on 6/6/19.
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Making sure your emails sent with AdRoll are compliant with anti-spam laws
As a critical part of maintaining trust in the AdRoll Email platform, we take anti-spam requirements seriously. We group anti-spam requirements into two categories: Regulatory and Industry.
Regulatory Requirements
Different anti-spam laws are put in place to prohibit sending fraudulent or deceptive emails. Other laws focus even more strongly on requiring opt-in before sending email marketing. Depending on the region your subscriber resides, a company can receive fines for sending the emails in breach of the applicable anti-spam laws, so work with your legal team to know what laws apply to protect your company's bottom line.
It's either required or best practice to do the following:
 - Provide details about your organization. It is important that people know who exactly is collecting and using their information. This includes the name of your organization and contact details.
 - Be transparent about the purpose of your email messages. This can include letting the people know whether emails are transactional or promotional in nature and avoiding misleading subject lines.
 - Use the appropriate opt-in mechanism for your subscribers.
 - Especially with CAN-SPAM, provide your physical business mailing address.
AdRoll Email provides tools that you may use to assist you to comply with different regulatory requirements, although since they vary for different regions, work with your legal team to know what rules apply. Here are a few features that may help customers with compliance with anti-spam regulations:
Industry Expectations
Legal requirements aside, mailbox providers are able to set their own policies on what sort of email they will accept, often just to keep their mailbox users happy. Large mailbox providers, like Gmail or Outlook, develop sophisticated internal anti-spam systems to measure how happy their users are with receiving emails, using spam complaint metrics and hundreds of others signals, and assign what is generally considered a "Reputation" score for each email sender that attempts to engage their users.
Similar to a credit score, but for email, a Reputation is calculated by mailbox providers primarily using Engagement metrics. A Reputation score can tells mailbox providers, on the spot, what to do with email they just received, such as whether to Inbox, Junk, or Bounce the email. A reputation Constantly adjusted due to current subscriber engagement actions (it can update hourly).
In order to meet mailbox provider expectations, focus on engaging your subscribers with content they value, and remove subscribers when they become clearly disinterested.
AdRoll Email may from time to time, take additional steps to maintain industry trust in our email platform, including (on very rare occasions) pausing email capabilities for accounts that cause such things like blacklisting, or other risky indicators as measured by AdRoll's support team. AdRoll may also pause email capabilities for accounts based on our content policy. [Prohibited Content and Practices: Illegal Products or Services; Prohibited Content and Practices: Inappropriate Content].
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My assignment is to create an application that will allow a user to type in
two numbers assumed to be of type byte. The user will then press on one
of the six buttons (labeled &, ^, |, ~, >>, <<) and the result will appear
in the text area on the lower right part of the application. The result
will also be written out to a file named "Nitebyte". I'm using a frame with
a (2x2)grid layout. In the first gridcell (top left) is a text field (declared
as t1) labeled "original byte". The second gridcell (top right) is a text
field (declared as t2) labeled "factored byte". The third gridcell (bottom
left) is a (2x3) grid with the six buttons. The fourth gridcell has the
text area (declared as tA). I'm stuck on the functionality that has to happen
in actionPerformed. My code looks like the following:
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
if (e.getSource() == b1)//b1 - b6 declared as a Buttons
else if (e.getSource() == b2)