4 / 5 stars
No British composer since Benjamin Britten has announced himself so decisively as George Benjamin did in 1980 with his first orchestral work. Benjamin composed Ringed By the Flat Horizon when he was 19 and a first-year undergraduate at Cambridge. Almost 30 years later, it still seems a wondrous achievement, with the formal confidence, understanding of instrumental colour and texture, and lucid harmonic sense that have characterised his music ever since.
Benjamin included the piece in his Prom with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Carefully unwrapping the instrumental layers and shaping the lyrical details, the performance perfectly conveyed the sense of tense expectation that pervades the work, which takes its title from a line by Eliot but depicts a landscape over which a thunderstorm is about to break. It is a piece in which the journey matters far more than the arrival, but Benjamin judged both perfectly.
The BBCSO went on to give a gentle, fond account of Ravel's Pavane pour une Infante Défunte, which led directly into his Boléro. Benjamin made that a tingling affair through sheer restraint, savouring the kaleidoscope of instrumental colour and holding everything in check until the final onslaught could be resisted no longer.
The first half of the programme had been much less convincing, however. Benjamin had opened with his teacher Olivier Messiaen's first large-scale orchestral work, L'Ascension, and found his attempts to unfold it undermined by some under-par brass playing, with hardly a single attack in the opening movement exactly co-ordinated. Stravinsky's Violin Concerto seemed a bit approximate, too. Carlin Widmann's account of the solo part was edgy and neat, and Benjamin accompanied crisply, but some of the orchestral edges were still distinctly foxed.
· Repeated on Radio 3 on Monday.


not care as much about the topic, they are not going to commit to certain ideas whether they are on the latitude of rejection or acceptance. Lastly, an individual who does not have much ego involvement in an issue will have a small latitude of rejection because they are very open to this new issue and do have opinions previously formed about it.[5][6]
Attitude change
Template:Copy edit To change an attitude, the first step is to judge how close or far away one's position is. The next step is to shift one's position in response to the argument made. We adjust an attitude once we have judged a new position to be in our latitude of acceptance. If we judge that message to be in our latitude of rejection, we will also adjust our attitude, but in the opposite direction from what we think the speaker is advocating.[12] Sometimes an attitude change may be incidental. In the boomerang effect, an attitude changes in the opposite direction from what the message advocates - the listener is driven away from rather than drawn to an idea. A major implication of social judgment theory is that persuasion is difficult to accomplish. Successful persuasive messages are those that are targeted to the receiver's latitude of acceptance and discrepant from the anchor position, so that the incoming information cannot be assimilated or contrasted. The receiver's ego-involvement must also be taken into consideration. This suggests that even successful attempts at persuasion will yield only small changes in attitude.[7]
See also
 1. Hovland, Carl I.; Sherif, Muzafer (1980). Social judgment: Assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change, Westport: Greenwood.
 2. Griffin, Em (2012). A First Look at Communication Theory, 195, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
 3., Michael E. Doherty and Elke M. Kurz (1996 July). {{{title}}}. Thinking and Reasoning: 109–140.
 4. 4.0 4.1 Mallard, Jessica (October 2010). {{{title}}}. Communication Teacher 24 (4): 197–202.
 5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Hovland, Carl I.; Sherif, Muzafer (1980). Social judgment, Reprint from 1961, Westport: Greenwood.
 6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Sherif, C.W.; Sherif, M.S.; Nebergall, R.E. (1965). Attitude and attitude change, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
 7. 7.0 7.1 Darity, William (2008). Social Judgment Theory, 601–602, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA.
 8. Sherif, CW (August 1963). Social categorization as a function of latitude of acceptance and series range.. Journal of abnormal and social psychology 67: 148–56.
 9. 9.0 9.1 Nebergall, R.E (1966). The social judgment-involvement approach to attitue and attitude change. Western Speech: 209–215.
 10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 Griffin, Em (2011). A First Look at Communication Theory, 194–204, New York, New York: McGraw Hill.
 11. Sherif, Carolyn W.; Sherif, Muzafer (1976). "Attitude as the individuals' own categories: The social judgment-involvement approach to attitude and attitude change" Attitude, ego-involvement, and change, Reprint [der Ausg.] New York 1967., Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
 12. Griffin, Em (2009). A first look at communication theory, 7th ed., 187, Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Key texts
Additional material
External links
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


Dropbox Instructions for Uploading Videos
 1. CLICK THIS LINK TO UPLOAD YOUR VIDEO –_URL_
 2. In the browser window that loads, click "Choose from computer" or "Choose from Dropbox" to upload a file. Alternatively, you can drag and drop the file(s) you'd like to upload directly into your browser window.
 3. If you have more files to upload, click +Add another file.
 4. Once you have all the files you want to upload, you may be prompted to enter your first name, last name, and email address so that the file collectorcan identify your files.
 5. A green check mark means that you've successfully uploaded your files to the file request.
Note: You can add more files at any time by clicking the file request invitation for as long as the file request is open. You will not be able to access files that you already uploaded.


text:
case that was pending in the European Court at year's end. The Swedish union contended that the construction workers did not have collective bargaining agreements with a Swedish union.
The legal standard workweek is 40 hours or less. Both the law and collective bargaining agreements regulate overtime and rest periods. The maximum allowable overtime per year is 200 hours. The law requires a minimum period of 36 consecutive hours of rest, preferably on weekends, during a period of seven days. The law also provides employees with a minimum of five weeks' paid annual leave. The government effectively enforced these standards.
The Work Environment Authority, a government appointed board, issued occupational health and safety regulations, and trained union stewards and safety ombudsmen. Government inspectors monitored them. Safety ombudsmen have the authority to stop unsafe activity immediately and to call in an inspector. These rules were effectively enforced. Work places were generally safe and healthy. In law and practice, workers could remove themselves from situations that endangered their health or safety without jeopardizing their future employment.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
)–(3),, is necessarily a weak solution. Because all the subdomains' boundaries are Lipschitz continuous, the integration by parts is legal in each subdomain, ; see Theorem 18.104.22.168 in.
We have the following theorem.
Proof. See Theorem 2.1 in.
3. Numerical Method
We define and choose test function and redefine the gradient and divergence operator
For ease of discussion, Section 3, and for accuracy testing in Section 4, we assume that,, and are smooth on the closure of, and are smooth on and, but they may be discontinuous across the interface. However,,, and are kept to be Lipschitz continuous. We assume that there is a Lipschitz continuous and piecewise smooth level-set function on, where,, and. A unit vector can be obtained on, which is a unit normal vector of at pointing from to.
In this paper, we restrict ourselves to a cube cell domain in 3D space, and is a matrix that is uniformly elliptic in each subdomain. Given positive integers,, and, set,, and. We define a uniform Cartesian grid for, and. Each is called a grid point. For the case,, or, a grid point is called a boundary point, otherwise it is called an interior point. The grid size is defined as.
Two sets of grid functions are needed, and they are denoted by
We cut every cube cell region into six tetrahedron regions. Collecting all those tetrahedron regions, we obtain a uniform tetrahedralization ; see Figure 2.
If, we count the grid point as in ; otherwise we count it as in. We call an edge (an edge of a tetrahedron in the tetrahedralization) an interface edge if two of its ends (vertices of tetrahedrons in the tetrahedralization) belong to different subdomains; otherwise we call it a regular edge.
We call a cell an interface cell if its vertices belong to different subdomains. In the interface cell, we write. and are separated by a plane segment, denoted by. There are two kinds of plane segment; see Figure 3. The vertices of the plane segment are located on the interface, and their locations can be calculated from the linear interpolations of the discrete level-set functions. The vertices of are located in and the vertices of are located in. and are approximations of the regions of and, respectively. We call a cell a regular cell if all its vertices belong to the same subdomain, either or. For a regular cell, we also write, where (empty set) if all vertices of are in and if all vertices of are in. Clearly in a regular cell, and and are approximations of the regions and, respectively. We use and to represent the volumes of and, respectively.
Two extension operators are needed. The first one is. For any, is a standard continuous piecewise linear function, which is a linear function in every tetrahedron cell and matches on grid points. Clearly such a function set, denoted by, is a finite dimensional subspace of. The second extension operator is constructed as follows. For any with at boundary points, is a piecewise linear function and matches on grid points. It is a linear function in each regular cell, just like the first extension operator in a regular cell. In each interface cell, it consists of two pieces of linear functions, one is on and the other is on. The location of its discontinuity in the interface cell is the plane segment. Note that the vertices of the plane segment are located on the interface, and hence the interface condition is enforced exactly at the vertices of. In each interface cell, the interface condition is enforced with the value at the barycenter of for Case 1 and at the points labeled "9" and "10" in Figure 3 for Case 2. Clearly such a function is not continuous in general, and neither is the set of such functions a linear space. We denote the set of such functions as, which should be thought as an approximation of the solution class (see (7)) plus the restriction of. Similar versions of such extension can be found in the literature [16, 34]. In Case 1, the number of unknowns matches with the number of the equations and the extension is unique. In Case 2, the local construction problem is solved in a least square sense. The values of the points on the interface can be represented as a linear combination of a constant and the 8 unknown value of the vertices on the tetrahedron cell.
We propose the following method.
Method 4. Find a discrete function such that on boundary points and so that for all, we have Note that on the boundary is the same as on the boundary.
Since our solution bases and test function bases are different, the matrix for the linear system generated by Method 4 is not symmetric in the presence of an interface. However, we can prove that it is positive definite under certain assumptions. In all our numerical examples, is positive definite numerically.
Theorem 5. If is continuous and positive definite, then the matrix for the linear system generated by Method 4 is positive definite.
Proof. For vector we have Here we can choose specific jump conditions since changing, will not affect the matrix. In this case we have since So if is positive definite, then, for all. Therefore, which implies. Thus, is positive definite.
In some applications, the matrix is only semipositive definite with zero determinant. The previous Theorem does not apply. We prove later that when the matrix is of certain form that frequently appeared in applications and semipositive definite, the matrix generated by our method is still positive definite.
Theorem 6. If, and,,, and, then the matrix for the linear system generated by Method 4 is positive definite.
Proof. Suppose for a contradiction that is not positive definite. Then there is a vector and such that. Let
Since for all,
So if and only if,, and. Then, for all.
However, implies that.
Since, without loss of generality, we assume that. If we choose point such that and,, then, a contradiction.
Therefore for all ; thus, is positive definite.
Remark 7. A positive definite matrix has positive determinant and is therefore invertible. It also has an factorization where and, and are lower triangular. The linear system can be solved efficiently.
4. Numerical Experiments
Consider the problem on the paralle lepiped domain. is an interface and prescribed by the zero level-set of a level-set function. The unit normal vector of is pointing from to.
In all numerical experiments later, the level-set function, the coefficients,, and, and the solutions, are given. Hence is obtained as a proper Dirichlet boundary condition, since the solutions are given.
All errors in solutions are measured in the norm in the whole domain.
We present three numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Example 1. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 1 are given as follows:
Table 1 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. Table 2 includes the condition number, which grows with order, the same as the case without interface.
Example 2. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 2 are given as follows:
Table 3 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows more than 1.5th order accuracy in the norm for the solution. The degeneracy is due to the poor regularity of the solution.
Example 3. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 3 are given as follows:
Table 4 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. This type of examples is also presented in [22, 27] in two dimensions. The coefficient matrices for the PDE meet the assumption in Theorem 6.
Example 4. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 4 are given as follows:
Table 5 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. Compared with Example 3, the difference is that we have variable coefficient matrices of the same structure as those constant coefficient matrices in Example 3.
Example 5. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in Example 5 are given as follows:
Table 6 shows the error on different grids. The numerical result shows second-order accuracy in the norm for the solution. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that we used general variable coefficient matrices without the special structure in Example 4 to demonstrate that our method can handle more general problems.
Example 6. The level-set function, the coefficients,,, and, and the solution, in this example are given as follows:
When it is grids, we get the result of Table 7. When it is grids, we get the result of Table 8. We plot the condition number versus the ratio between and for 11-by-11-by-11 grid in Figure 4 and 22-by-22-by-22 grid in Figure 5. The correlation coefficients for 11-by-11-by-11, 22-by-22-by-22 grids are 0.999990 and 0.999987, which are clearly linear relations.
In this paper, we modified the

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
is why Aristotle can describe a point as unit-having-position. Arithmetic involves the study of entities qua indivisible.
- The unity problem of numbers: This problem bedevils philosophy of mathematics from Plato to Husserl. What makes a collection of units a unity which we identify as a number? It cannot be physical juxtaposition of units. Is it merely mental stipulation?
Aristotle does not seem bothered by:
- The overlap problem: What guarantees that when I add this 3 and this 5 that the correct result is not 5, 6, or 7, namely that some units in this 3 are not also in this 5.
Aristotle presents three Academic solutions to these problems. Units are comparable if they can be counted together (such as the ten cows in the field). Units are not comparable, if it is conceptually impossible to count them together (a less intuitive notion).
- Incomparable Units: Form numbers are conceived as ordinals, with units conceived as being well ordered. What makes this number 3 is not that it is a concatenation of three units, but that its unit is the third unit in this series of units. Hence, it is simply false that there is a unity of the first three units forming a number three. What makes an ordinary concatenation, e.g., a herd of cows, ten cows is that they can be counted according to the series of Form-numbers. The notion of incomparable numbers lacks the basic conception of numbers as concatenations of units.
- Comparable/Incomparable Units: Form numbers are, of course, special. Each is a complete unity of units. For example, the Form of 3 is a unity of three units. Since it is a unity, it cannot be an accident that these three units form this unity. They are comparable with each other in the sense that together they comprise Three Itself and perhaps cannot be conceived separately. Hence, they cannot be parts of any other Form number. We cannot take 2 units from the Three Itself and add them to 4 units in the Six itself, to get a Form-number of the Seven itself. Myles Burnyeat once suggested an analogy with a sequence of playing cards of one suit, say diamonds. Each card from ace (unit) to ten contains the appropriate diamonds (from 1 to 10) on each card, unified by their being on their particular card. Yet we don't count up two diamonds from the deuce and two from the trey, but treat each card as a complete unity.
- Comparable Units: These are intermediate or mathematical numbers (see Section 6). There is a unlimited number of units (enough to do arithmetic), which are arranged and so forth. Comparable numbers solve the plurality problem, but not the unity problem.
Aristotle reports that some Academics opted for a version of Incomparable or Comparable/Incomparable Units to solve the unity problem and introduced comparable units as the objects of mathematical theorems, e.g., given some comparable units, they are even if they can be divided in half, into two concatenations corresponding to (participating in) the same Form-number.
Greeks used an Egyptian system of fractions. With the exception of 2/3, all fractions are proper parts which modern readers will see as unit fractions: 1/n. For example, 2/5 is 1/3 1/15 (that is, the sum of 1/3 and 1/15). Additionally, Greeks used systems of measure, as we do, with units of measure being divided up into more refined units of measure. 1 foot is 16 finger-widths (inches). Hence, one can always eliminate fractions by going, as we do, to a more refined measure (1, 1/2, 1/4 feet or 1 foot 12 inches). This feature of measure may be reflected in Plato's observation (Rep. vii) that in arithmetic, one can always eliminate parts of units.
10.2.2 Aristotle's views
Since Aristotle (esp. Metaphysics x.1-2) treats measurement under his discussions of units (and hence number), it turns out that the precision problem becomes a problem of sorting out precise units of measure. Hence, in the case discrete quantities, such as cows, the unit is very precise, one cow. In the case of continuous quantities, the most precise unit of time is the time it takes for the fixed stars (the fastest things in the universe) to move the smallest perceptible distance. But a point or indivisible with position removed or a cow qua unit, i.e., a mathematical unit, is precise.
Aristotle's treatment of time (Physics iv.10-14) includes some observations about numbers which come closest to being an acount of number. Aristotle defines time as the number or count of change and then proceeds to distinguish two senses of number, what is counted (e.g., ten cows as measured by the cow-unit, or ten feet as measured by the foot-unit) and that by which we count. Time is number in the first sense, not as so-many changes, but as so-much change as measured by a unit of change. Aristotle clarifies the distinction between what is counted (or is countable) and that by which we count. These five black cats (number as what is counted) are different from these five brown cats, but their number (that by which we count) is the same.
But what are the numbers by which we count? Aristotle says nothing, but we may speculate that the five by which we count is the single formal explanation of what makes the five black cats five and what makes the five brown cats five. Hence, Aristotle probably subscribes to an Aristotelian version of the distinction between intermediate and Form-numbers.
Aristotle's discussion of time also gives us some insight into the unity problem. What gives the five black cats unity is just that they can be treated as a unity. From this it follows for Aristotle that there can be no number without mind. Nothing iscountable unless there exists a counter.
It is often supposed, for Aristotle, mathematical explanation plays no role in the study of nature, especially in biology. This conception is, most of all, a product of anti-scholastics of the late Renaissance, who sought to draw the greatest chasm between their own mechanism and scholasticism. Mathematics plays a vital role in both. The principal way in which mathematics enters into biological explanation is through hypothetical necessity:
If X is to have feature Y (which is good for X), then it is a feature of its matter that Z be the case.
Z may be a constraint determined by a mathematical fact. For example, animals by nature do not have an odd number of feet. For if one had an odd number of feet, it would walk awkardly or the feet would have to be of different lengths (De incessuanimalium 9). To see this, imagine an isosceles triangle with a altitude drawn.
Aristotle famously rejects the infinite in mathematics and in physics, with some notable exceptions. He defines it thus:
The infinite is that for which it is always possible to take something outside.
Implicit in this notion is an unending series of magnitudes, which will be achieved either by dividing a magnitude (the infinite by division) or by adding a magnitude to it (the infinite by addition). This is why he conceives of the infinite as pertaining to material explanation, as it is indeterminate and involves potential cutting or joining (cf. Section 7.5).
Aristotle argues that in the case of magnitudes, an infinitely large magnitude and an infinitely small magnitude cannot exist. In fact, he thinks that universe is finite in size. He also agrees with Anaxagoras, that given any magnitude, it is possible to take a smaller. Hence, he allows that there are infinite magnitudes in a different sense. Since it is always possible to divide a magnitude, the series of division is unending and so is infinite. This is a potential, but never actual infinite. For each division potentially exists. Similarly, since it is always possible to add to a finite magnitude that is smaller than the whole universe continually smaller magnitudes, there is a potential infinite in addition. That series too need never end. For example, if I add to some magnitude a foot board, and then less than a half a foot, and then less than a fourth, and so forth, the total amount added will never exceed two feet. Aristotle claims that the mathematician never needs any other notion of the infinite.
However, since Aristotle believes that the universe has no beginning and is eternal, it follows that in the past there have been an infinite number of days. Hence, his rejection of the actual infinite in the case of magnitude does not seem to extend to the concept of time.
For more information, see the following supplementary document:
As philosophers usually do, Aristotle cites simple or familiar examples from contemporary mathematics, although we should keep in mind that even basic geometry such as we find in Euclid's Elements would have been advanced studies. The average education in mathematics would have been basic arithmetical operations (possibly called logistikê) and metrological geometry (given certain dimensions of a figure, to find other dimensions), such as were also taught in Egypt. Aristotle does allude to this sort of mathematics on occasion, but most of his examples come from the sort of mathematics which we have come to associate with Greece, the constructing of figures from given figures and rules, and the proving that figures have certain properties, and the 'discovery' of numbers with certain properties or proving that certain classes of numbers have certain properties. If we attend carefully


Use of NHS Liverpool Care Pathway Expanded to Kill Children
In a disturbing article, The Daily Mail reports that NHS hospitals now put children on the Liverpool Care Pathway, withholding food and fluids from young patients and severely disabled newborns. Critics say that it is impossible to say when a patient will die. Using the Liverpool Care Pathway makes death become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
To see how its defenders think, see this letter from Margaret McCartney in the BMJ. Dr. McCartney repeats the intent of the protocol, slams the messenger, and states that "Dying well should be a priority for healthcare professionals and managers."
In response to a columnist who wrote that the protocol for withdrawing food or water is "starving or dehydrating someone to death. And that is not helping them to die, but killing them." Dr. McCartney protests that the pathway does not preclude artificial hydration and accuses the columnist of insisting that "doctors must provide ineffective and potential [sic] harmful interventions of no value and at all costs."
Comments (9)
Trackback URL | Comments RSS Feed
 1. Thomas says:
 For shame if these claims are legitimate.
 2. Slater says:
 What an alarming story. It definitely wakes me up to the realities of the health care industry.
 3. August says:
 If you read the rest of the article you get to this…
 "Death has too often been regarded as medical failure rather than an inevitable consequence of life. The Liverpool care pathway was developed because of the acknowledgment that many terminally ill people were dying on general medical wards rather than in hospices or at home. The pathway focuses on control of symptoms, comfort, and alleviation of distress"
 "More than 20 organisations, professional and voluntary, issued a statement backing the use of the Liverpool care pathway in October,11 and statements of support have also emerged from the Christian Medical Fellowship and from a chaplain writing for the Catholic Herald."
 4. Cindy says:
 Sad. But I'd imagine it's a wrenching decision either way when you're faced with end-of-life care. It seems as though it should really be a matter of choice for the individual and for their families.
 5. Sebastian Alexander says:
 This story tears you apart, for sure. Nevertheless, we are at a point in medical technology where you could keep a severely disabled newborn baby alive "forever" if we committed the resources to do it.
 On the one hand, it is better that the policy is transparent and discussed in the medical journals than taking place "underground." But that is not good enough.
 You can't just starve and dehydrate a baby because it's taking up too many resources. The matter needs to be debated and voted on in Parliament, not just come about within the profession and bureaucracy.
 As an economist, I'm also forced to ask the calculating question of how these deaths will be reported to the OECD for the purpose of international comparisons of infant mortality. I think that they need to be reported as their own category, so that we can see the consequences of these policies.
 6. cheyenne says:
 @ August I am not sure what the point is to be made by your comment. So what if 20 organizations support it, and when does anybody give any credence to what the Catholic church says these days? A majority approval of something does not necessarily make it right. Even if the Liverpool Pathway is the ethical thing to do, why allow a baby to shrivel and die? Wouldn't it be more humane to lethally inject the infant and let it die quickly. Geez, Texas death row inmates get better treatment than this.
 7. Spencer says:
 This is so incredibly disturbing. If they goal is to "help" a newborn or a kid die, then why do it the slowest possible way?! by starving and dehydrating them to death they are only making the process more painful and horrifying for the patients. Nowadays, if physicians really wanted to try and keep these patients alive, they would find one way or another to make it happen through all the medical advances there are. If what they want to is to get rid of sick patients faster (not saying I agree with this by any means), then they could also do it the most efficient possible way if they put their heart to it. It almost seems like they just want these kids to suffer. Horrible.
 8. Life of Pi says:
 Disturbing, what is the reasoning behind making someone suffer at such intense levels.
 9. Jordan says:
 This is so disturbing as to make me skeptical.


Quick Answer: What Is A Tier 1 Service Provider?
What is the difference between a Tier 1 and Tier 2 ISP?
Tier 2 Service Provider: A network with transit connections, customers and some peering, but that still buys transit service from Tier 1 Providers to reach some portion of the Internet.
They generally purchase transit Internet connection from Tier 2 Service Providers, sometimes even from the Tier 1 Providers as well..
What is Level 3 ISP?
Founded in 1985, Level 3 Communications has grown to become the 3rd largest fiber-optic Internet provider by coverage area in the United States. Level 3 Communications provides high-speed Internet through fiber and various business solutions to customers throughout the nation.
Who owns the backbone of the Internet?
What is a tier?
noun. one of a series of rows or ranks rising one behind or above another, as of seats in an amphitheater, boxes in a theater, guns in a man-of-war, or oars in an ancient galley. one of a number of galleries, as in a theater. a layer; level; stratum: The wedding cake had six tiers.
What is IXP in networking?
An IXP is essential technical infrastructure where networks come together to connect and exchange Internet traffic. Some of the types of networks that connect to exchange traffic are: Internet service providers (ISPs), mobile operators and content delivery networks (CDNs) such as Google, Baidu, Akamai, and Facebook.
What is the meaning of Tier 1 and Tier 2?
In reference to business, the terms Tier 1 and Tier 2 usually refer to the manufacturing industry. … In other words, Tier 2 companies supply Tier 1 companies with the products needed.
Is Comcast a Tier 1?
Comcast isn't a "Tier 1 network" but might as well be. … Comcast has built a large enough network of its own that it now peers with the Tier 1 companies. It does buy transit, but for less than one percent of its overall traffic load.
What is IP peering?
IP peering is a mutual exchange of data between two ISPs, and the amount of data exchanged is typically close to equal. … BGP peering is a network definition, not an ISP definition. Additionally, peering is only for a participant's prefixes and their directly connected peer.
Is Netflix a Tier 1 provider?
Netflix, which accounts for about a third of peak Internet traffic in North America, has secured free connections to some ISPs. … For example, a Web service could buy transit from a Tier 1 network, which then exchanges traffic with ISPs, often without any money changing hands.
What is a Tier 1 service?
What is a Tier 2 provider?
Is Google a Tier 1 ISP?
The tier 1 network that isn't The difference, of course, is that tier 1 ISPs handle traffic from myriad sources, including, well, Google. … "First, Google competed with videos and search. Then it built out its own infrastructure and its own data centers," says Labovitz.
What is a Tier 1 energy charge?
Tier one holds the first 500 kWhs of usage, tier 2 accounts for usage between _PHONE_ kWhs, and tier 3 holds usage over 1000 kWhs.


Size: 24cm./9.4inch.
Weight: 450gr./15.8oz.
Porcelain KVP plate from 1955.
The Kasernierte Volkspolizei (German for Barracked People's Police) was the precursor to the National People's Army (NVA) in East Germany. Their original headquarters was in Adlershof locality in Berlin, and from 1954 in Strausberg in modern-day Brandenburg. They ceased to exist after 1956, having been transformed into the NVA.
In October 1948 the Soviet Military Administration in Germany formed the Alert Police (Bereitschaftspolizei), a force of armed units housed in barracks and trained in military fashion. The force consisted of forty units with 100–250 men each, the units being subordinated to provincial authorities. Many of the officers and men were recruited from among German POWs held in the Soviet Union.
Tableware DDR KVP 1955
SKU: TD002
€ 20,00Price
 What is Propagandaworld
 Handling time is between 1 and 3 days.
 Social Media
 You can follow us by the following social media:
 - Facebook
 - Twitter
 - YouTube
 - Tumblr Social Icon
 - Instagram


text:
Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
A nationally representative panel study of British households was used to examine the extent to which Big Five personality traits interact with the experience of major life events (marriage, childbirth, unemployment, and widowhood) to predict increases and decreases in life satisfaction following the event. Results show that major life events are associated with changes in life satisfaction, and some of these changes are very long lasting. Personality traits did not have consistent moderating effects on the association between stressful life events and life satisfaction over time.
Journal of Research in Personality
Volume and page numbers
46, 477 -488
Albert Sloman Library Periodicals *restricted to Univ. Essex registered users*


text:
A refinery was experiencing bottom plate underside (soil-side) corrosion of its aboveground storage tanks at an extraordinarily high rate of 1 to 2 mm/y, which resulted in the failure of four tanks within a two-year period that occurred seven years after the refinery was commissioned. All four tanks had severely damaged bottom plates, which were constructed of 8-mm thick uncoated carbon steel.
Underside corrosion protection for the tanks was provided by an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system using a mixed-metal oxide (MMO) grid anode system. The corrosion morphology after the failure revealed severe localized corrosion with large, deep pits found under deposits of orange-red tubercles comprised of iron oxides.
A NACE International CORROSION paper titled, "Premature Failure of API 650 Oil Storage Tank Bottom Plates Due to Soil Side Corrosion," described the failure analysis carried out, which included a review of the design and function of the CP system and metallurgical tests of a failed bottom plate sample.
For the ICCP system, the MMO anode grid was placed between a high-density polyethylene secondary containment liner and the tank bottom, which sat on a 75-mm thick sand pad. The underside of the bottom plates was uncoated and the CP design was based on 100% bare surface area.
The failures occurred over a two-year period and a detailed CP survey was carried out for the storage tanks six months later. The results revealed that none of the tanks achieved the NACE SP0193-20161 protection criterion of –850 mV instant "off" potential. The potentials varied from –200 to –800 mV vs. a copper/copper sulfate (Cu/CuSO4) electrode (CSE), with an average "off" potential of –450 mV vs. CSE across all tanks.
A 100-by-100 mm hole was observed when layers of metal were removed from the sample's soil side.
Since the potentials were not meeting the –850 mV criteria, further investigation was done to understand the possible reasons for such low polarized potentials. The paper notes that design deficiencies of the ICCP system—primarily the anode depth/spacing and inappropriate distribution of power feed cables—resulted in a nonuniform potential profile across the tank bottom surface. High current and voltage attenuation along the anode grid did not provide sufficient current and polarization at a distance away from the power feeds, which led to under-protection of the tank bottom.
Because an inefficient CP system alone typically doesn't cause such aggravated corrosion, a sample from the failed tank bottom was sent to an external laboratory for a detailed metallurgical analysis to identify corrosion products and possible corrosion mechanisms. A form of underdeposit corrosion (UDC) that can corrode steel at the rate of 1 mm/year is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
X-ray diffraction analysis of the sample plates' soil side indicated the tubercles were made of porous layers or strata consisting mainly of iron oxides surrounded by magnetite (Fe3O4). The scales appeared to consist of multiple layers. A closer analysis performed on flakes from scale on the pits indicated the probability of iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) present in the corrosion, which formed deposits that further aggravated the corrosion by forming a differential aeration cell. IOB produce orange-red tubercles of iron oxides and hydroxides by oxidizing ferrous ions from the bulk medium or the substratum.
The corrosion rates observed were amplified by the ingress of water, primarily from leaking fire water sprinklers, through gaps between the annular plate and foundation, which brought in bacteria and corrosive anions such as chlorides and sulfates. Without an effective CP system and no other means of corrosion control, the tank floor was exposed to a severe form of bacterial and UDC that led to perforation and loss of inventory.
See AMPP's Cathodic Protection Program -- courses and certifications for success in the field.
Source: repurposed with permission from materialperformance.com; article based on NACE CORROSION paper no. 9025, "Premature Failure of API 650 Oil Storage Tank Bottom Plates Due to Soil Side Corrosion" authored by N. Al Abri, J.R Nair, A. Al Ghafri, and F. Al Mawali


text:
Are your students a bit impaired when it comes to keyword brainstorming?
Have they tired brains?
Have they vacant looks on their faces when you ask them for related ideas or words?
Then... they need Google Synonyms:
Try this on Google:
define: acid rain
Up comes suggestions and realted websites. Additional information and keywords can be retrieved from results. You could even validate the sources which follow.


text:
- Physik (2) (remove)
- Clustering in heavy ion collisions : why it could happen and how to observe it? (2008)
- We argue that Clustering in heavy ion collisions could be the missing element in resolving the socalled HBT puzzle, and briefly discuss the different physical situations where clustering could be present. We then propose a method by which clustering in heavy ion collisions could be detectedin a model-independent way.
- Nanolesions induced by heavy ions in human tissues: experimental and theoretical studies (2012)
- The biological effects of energetic heavy ions are attracting increasing interest for their applications in cancer therapy and protection against space radiation. The cascade of events leading to cell death or late effects starts from stochastic energy deposition on the nanometer scale and the corresponding lesions in biological molecules, primarily DNA. We have developed experimental techniques to visualize DNA nanolesions induced by heavy ions. Nanolesions appear in cells as "streaks" which can be visualized by using different DNA repair markers. We have studied the kinetics of repair of these "streaks" also with respect to the chromatin conformation. Initial steps in the modeling of the energy deposition patterns at the micrometer and nanometer scale were made with MCHIT and TRAX models, respectively.


Miles Guo: chicken prices in China will soar. China is facing food shortage crisis
China has reported at least two million pigs have died as a result of African swine fever in China. The pork prices are soaring in mainland China. As a result, many Chinese people are looking to buy other meats such as chicken, beef, and mutton. This led to another rise in the wholesale price of meat nationwide. The price of pork rose 11% to 51.21 RMB from 46.13 RMB per kilogram last week from October 14 to October 20, and the increase was another 2.4%, which was closer to the price of beef and mutton, which rose 1.2% and 1.7% to 65.81 RMB, 62.73 RMB per kilogram respectively.
Blue indicate: pork | Orange indicate: chicken | Graph: Ministry of Agriculture
According to the Ministry of Agriculture's national wholesale market price information system, the prices of pork, mutton, beef, eggs and chicken, which were monitored from October 18 to October 24, rose 144.8%, 19.0%, 16.2%, 23.1% and 30.7%, respectively, compared with the same period last year.
On top of that, Chinese grain producers have been hit by what can only be called a plague of a dangerous pest called "Fall Armyworms," that devastates rice and other grain crops. The combination hitting China as its leaders are in the midst of an escalating major trade war with the United State.
The food shortage, economic and financial pressures in China will pose a threat to communist party leaders and their regime. Because in the past Chinese history, when there was a shortage of food and the domestic economy was severely damaged, the Chinese people would stand up and overthrow the political party and start the so-called revolutionary movement. This is exactly what happened in 1911 when the Chinese people had a problem with food shortage, and immediately the South was in turmoil. This is why Beijing is now doing whatever it can to quell the Hong Kong issue, or their regime will be threatened.
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
Nov. 04, 2019


text:
Argentina: History and Culture
office of international programs
Buenos Aires, Argentina
The history of Argentina is one of contrast and paradox. It began as an inhospitable region on the fringes of the Spanish Empire, turned into one of the wealthiest and most cosmopolitan countries in the world by the late 19th century, and became the scenario of the largest populist movement in Latin America under the sway of Juan D. Perón and Evita Perón. In spite of its economic decline for most of the 20th century, Argentina retained a privileged place as a cultural and artistic center. This introductory course is aimed at offering a comprehensive overview of the historical and cultural trajectory of the country. Topics will include the crisis of the Spanish colonial rule; the rise of rural caudillos; the nation-state building process and the country's consolidation as one of the major breadbaskets of the world in the late 19th century; the birth of Buenos Aires as a great cosmopolitan city; the emergence of Peronism; the avant-garde movements of the 1960s; the politics of military rule and human rights protests in the 1970s; and the transition to democracy. Students will have the opportunity to delve into Argentina's past and present, as well as its culture from different perspectives: politics, gender and race relations, literature, film, urban history and the development of social as well as cultural movements.


Talk:History of Warcraft
102,281pages on
this wiki
Back to page
Restored contentEdit
I've restored the content of this page, which was changed to a redirect to Timeline ( While there is considerable overlap in terms of the links provided, History of Warcraft is an important source of lore, and we should have an article on it.--Aeleas 03:16, 6 January 2007 (EST)
There is no overlap, it's entirely the same (except chapter headings are removed as they aren't needed for the purpose of the wiki), thats why this page has become redundant as i summarized. Please don't revert it again.. --Zeal (talk - contr - web) 03:42, 6 January 2007 (EST)
Perhaps explaining the history and function of this page would be helpful. The various chapters of the History of Warcraft were copied to WoWWiki to make it easier to cite directly to a local mirror of this official source. If you take a look at what links here[1], you will find that this page is used as a reference on dozens of others. Many of the links are the chapters of the History of Warcraft themselves, and many others are works that are citing the History of Warcraft as an official source of lore. When clicking on the link to History of Warcraft, readers are given a description of what the History of Warcraft is and can see exactly what it contains.
While Timeline ( is very useful, the fact that it is summarized and reorganized means it is no longer a mirror of an official source, and therefore no longer appropriate to cite to. It also doesn't explicitly state what the History of Warcraft is, as this article does.
If a consensus can be shown that History of Warcraft isn't useful in it's current state, then I will concede that it should be deleted and redirected, but there is generally a presumption here against the deletion of an article when someone objects to it.--Aeleas 04:21, 6 January 2007 (EST)
So glad i'm going away this weekened.. There is never any reason to replicate an official and public source for the purpose of citation. Period. This article's previous state was flawed to begin with. It was a list of the events and linking to the articles. This is the same as a category. The linked pages are not using this page as an efficient citation, and WoWWiki should never be cited itself, only used a citation referance as all other citations are. It isn't a mirror of a source, it's a complete reformat, listing and disambiguation of the original source, something that isn't needed. The pages should all be citing the real source when citing. When linking, the Timeline provides the exact same resource, but better, than the existing page. The only thing that i would be willing to except as worthwhile content in relation to this article is an explanation of what it is and a link to the source, throw in a link to the category of the events too if desired. However, i don't feel it deserves this as it's so simplistic and the mere citation of it and looking at the source shows it already, which is what exists in the timeline.
I removed it, and redirected. I purposely left the talk page incase people felt otherwise. It really should be an opt-in article, not op-out. I find the concept of voting to remove it ridiculous. You don't see an article explaning what each section of the WoW official site is now do you? no, that's right, it's not what the wiki is for. If anything this should merely be in the citation index with a brief one sentenace explanation and source link, not an article itself. *breathe* --Zeal (talk - contr - web) 04:45, 6 January 2007 (EST)
We have several reproductions of official sources here, and have found them quite useful in the past. If you want to change that, then the relevant policy which endorses and encourages it, WoWWiki:Lore policy#Concise Articles and Source Text, will need to be voted on and revised. Until then, the 75 or so pages that link here are following the recommended policy.
Certainly not all sections of the WoW website have articles, but the ones that form important sources of lore, like Warcraft_Encyclopedia and History of Warcraft, do. --Aeleas 12:48, 6 January 2007 (EST)
I wasn't part of it being redirected, but I know the administrator Adys told him to get rid of the older topic due to redundant information.Baggins 13:12, 6 January 2007 (EST)
New storys?Edit
Will there be new story's/info in the next expansion (Cataclysm)? Jupitus (talk) 19:57, January 24, 2010 (UTC)
It is unknown at this moment. Benitoperezgaldos (talk) 21:25, January 24, 2010 (UTC)
Backwards listing? Edit
Why are the novels, manga, and RPG books listed backwards?--Mondoblasto (talk) 10:39, August 9, 2010 (UTC)
Around Wikia's network
Random Wiki


text:
Diagnosis Code M25.059
Information for Medical Professionals
The diagnosis code M25.059 is grouped in the following Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v33.0)
Convert to ICD-9 General Equivalence Map
The ICD-10 and ICD-9 GEMs are used to facilitate linking between the diagnosis codes in ICD-9-CM and the new ICD-10-CM code set. The GEMs are the raw material from which providers, health information vendors and payers can derive specific applied mappings to meet their needs.
- 719.15 - Hemarthrosis-pelvis (approximate) Approximate Flag
The approximate flag is on, indicating that the relationship between the code in the source system and the code in the target system is an approximate equivalent.
- Hemarthrosis of hip
Information for Patients
Also called: Hematoma, Hemorrhage
Bleeding is the loss of blood. It can happen inside or outside the body. Bleeding can be a reaction to a cut or other wound. It can also result from an injury to internal organs.
There are many situations in which you might bleed. A bruise is bleeding under the skin. Some strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain. Other bleeding, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, coughing up blood, or vaginal bleeding, can be a symptom of a disease.
Normally, when you bleed, your blood forms clots to stop the bleeding. Severe bleeding may require first aid or a trip to the emergency room. If you have a bleeding disorder, your blood does not form clots normally.
- Bleeding gums
- Bleeding into the skin
- Intraventricular hemorrhage of the newborn
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Hip Injuries and Disorders
Your hip is the joint where your thigh bone meets your pelvis bone. Hips are called ball-and-socket joints because the ball-like top of your thigh bone moves within a cup-like space in your pelvis. Your hips are very stable. When they are healthy, it takes great force to hurt them. However, playing sports, running, overuse or falling can all sometimes lead to hip injuries. These include
Certain diseases also lead to hip injuries or problems. Osteoarthritis can cause pain and limited motion. Osteoporosis of the hip causes weak bones that break easily. Both of these are common in older people.
Treatment for hip disorders may include rest, medicines, physical therapy, or surgery, including hip replacement.
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery
- Hip arthroscopy
- Hip flexor strain -- aftercare
- Hip fracture - discharge
- Hip fracture surgeries
- Hip joint injection
- Hip pain
- Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- Trochanteric bursitis


Seven financial steps top managers enact
Seven financial steps top managers enact
by Gary Sipiorski
milking in a parlor
Getting a firm handle on farm financials will be critical to long-term business success. If your operation needs to get up to speed, now would be a good time as milk prices are favorable by historic standards and feed prices are moderating.
Here we are in yet another year with continual changes and uncertainty. Have you figured that this is a never-ending occurrence on the business side of agriculture? One of the biggest common unknowns is the weather. Regardless if you raise all of your forage and grain or you buy it, everyone is affected one way or another by weather. We still cannot cover the fields and dairy with a protective tent or greenhouse. Just like the weather is always with you, the farm financials will always be with you.
Even with unpredictable weather and markets, there are dairy producers who not only survive but continue to make constant progress. Maybe not so much in some years but overall they just seem to keep getting ahead. They deal with the same ups and downs as everyone else.
The sun does not shine any different on their side of the fence and rain does not discriminate in a neighborhood. So, what are they watching and doing that is so different? They, for the most part, seem to be in the right place at the right time and make overall good decisions.
Numbers drive decisions
These farmers focus first on their financials. Financials measure how well they have done in the past, how they are doing today and how decisions might evolve in the future.
1. Dairy producers who succeed keep their balance sheet on the backside of their mind. They are thinking first and then making decisions. The thought process goes like this. "This decision that I am making today, what are the shortand long-term effects on my balance sheet? I want to make sure my balance sheet grows because of this move!"
2. They watch their expenses. I did not say they are cheap, but the age-old question is asked internally and many times discussed with others. "Is this an expense or an investment?" Every dollar spent must be necessary.
3. They know their cost of production (COP). This may seem like an elementary question that is always brought up but it still gets met with too many blank stares when asked.
The price of milk may be higher than it was in 2009 or even in the last 20 years, but everyone is aware of how rising expenses have eroded bottom lines. Dairy producers handle a great deal of money, but margins continue to be tight and will probably stay that way
4. Enterprise accounting is becoming much more common. Even on dairies where all of the crops are fed to the milking herd, forage and grain production costs are separately monitored for each enterprise.
Here is a good question. "If I did not feed these crops to my cows, what else could I do with them or what else could I raise?" Better yet, where is the money made in the crops or cows? Of course, we always have to remember when you milk cows you have made a long-term decision.
Cropping costs, as with other farm-related costs, have skyrocketed. It is now more important than ever to know the real cost of producing feed. Forage varieties of all types need to be selected for protein, energy and fiber content for the ration when the TMR is delivered to the herd.
Enterprise evaluation has been given a lot of press in the last year with the realization of what it really costs to feed young stock. No longer is that enterprise a forgotten area where you just give the young stock what the cow cannot eat. There are some real costs here and you need to know it.
5. Successful dairy producers know that generating gross income is important. In other words, you have to pump out milk. The average U.S. milk cow today produces 21,000 pounds of milk. USDA predicts that the average cow will be producing 25,000 pounds of milk by 2022.
Producing milk is more than milking cows. It is genetics, genomics, breeding on time, sorting out tools that work and avoiding the milk-robbing metabolic problems that often occur, plus or minus 30 days of calving.
6. Dairy producers that understand the importance of their financials keep a 2:1 current ratio on their balance sheets. That means they have $2 of current assets, cash, feed and other assets that will be turned into cash in the next 12 months.
Compare current assets to current liabilities which are payables and principal due in the next 12 months. This is called liquidity. They also keep operating lines of credit available through their lender, so when a real opportunity comes up, they will have the advantage of reacting fast to seal the deal.
7. Successful dairy producers monitor and use debt to their advantage. When $1 is borrowed they are generating 70 cents of gross income every year after making that investment. Some are reaching $1.25 of gross income each year. If interest rates are at 5 percent, they are getting a return on their equity of 14 percent or a return on their total assets of 8 percent. They are generating a sizable amount of net income.
These dairy producers rely on trusted consultants in financing, accounting and, in most cases, lending. However, every successful dairy producer must know they "Have to know the numbers" at the end of the day. These producers know the financials are not going away, and the better managers who know their farm's numbers are often in a stronger financial position. If you're in this business, the financials will always be with you.
This article appears on page 726 of the October 25, 2013 issue of Hoard's Dairyman.
Return to the Hoard's Dairyman feature page.


The initial way involves mixing together the powder and baking it into a bar. This takes a tiny bit longer to make so you might desire to keep this to the very least in the event that you aren't a fan to do it this way. If you are a busy person that doesn't have a lot of time to prepare things, then the second option is going to be ideal for you.
Both options should take about one hour or so based on how quickly it is possible to mix the ingredients together. Once you have made both the mixes, you're ready to put them together. To do this, you will need to break out a big block of ice and place each of the ingredients in. Make sure you lay a bit of paper underneath to catch any spills or accidents. Once you've done this, lay the mixture of ice along with the baking soda. This will keep it in place and keep you from sliding everywhere.
If you are using this method to lose weight, then you're going to want to take about an hour to prepare this recipe. Once you've managed to get, you're going to desire to consume it within 5 minutes. When you eat it, you'll realize that it isn't as bad for you as you might have thought. Though it isn't as delicious because so many desserts, it's still effective. You're simply eating it with a bit of a sweetener such as a sugar pill or a cup of tea.
A lot of people find that they consume this in moderation due to how filling it really is. However, if you have a hard time avoiding sweets, then you can also make use of this product in conjunction with other types of natural weight reduction methods such as green tea. Both of these can help you lose weight and they will do so in various ways. Green tea can work as a laxative while ice can help you drop the pounds by slowing your body's metabolism.
Although there are only two ingredients listed on the Puff Bar itself, it doesn't really look like much. However, there are recipes available for you to create your own. In addition to this, you can also find other Puff Bars that contain other ingredients. For example, one of many flavors that is listed has baking powder in it. This is combined with brown sugar, which is used as a sweetener.
If you need to use it with a different type of recipe, you should be in a position to easily do so. This allows you to experiment with various kinds of desserts you can create. You may find that Puff Bar is something that you want to keep in your pantry or back-up freezer. Whenever you feel like a treat, all you have to to accomplish is dip a finger in the recipe and stir it around. When you have done this twice, you're prepared to eat it up. There really isn't a lot of a fuss with this product.
Remember that you don't have to follow this particular recipe to lose excess weight. However, it can be a thing that you use along with other recipes. By combining it with other ingredients, you are able to get the full benefits from each one. This will enable you to reduce the level of calories that you will be consuming and to also feel full longer.
The Benefits Of Forming An Alliance With A Vapor Shop
The Benefits Of Forming An Alliance With A Vapor Shop
A Vapor Shop is really a retail outlet usually specializing in the sale of herbal/healthful electronic cigarette merchandise. There are also numerous online vapor shops open to purchase any selection of vapor products. Most Vapor Shops supplies a wide variety of herbal/healthful e cigarette products to choose from. Most Vapor Shops doesn't sell exclusively e cigarette products from "Big Tobacco." Most Vapor Shops posesses wide range of well-crafted, high quality, and well priced herbal e cigarette items.
Vape Shop
Vaping is the latest craze among tobacco users and non-smokers alike. E-Cigs (aka 'Vapes') has taken over traditional cigarettes in both popularity and sales. It's estimated that a lot more than eighteen million Americans currently use vaporizers. As vaporizers are increasingly more popular and smokers begin using less tobacco, the Vapor Shop industry will experience tremendous growth. According to the American Vaping Association, you can find estimated to be at least two hundred shops operating in America.
Many of these shops began as personal use labs, or experimental vaporizer units. As e-liquids became more mainstream, more shops began to offer these specialty products on the market to the general public. The Vapor Shop has quickly become one of the important destinations in terms of searching for and purchasing new electric cigarettes. In a typical week, there may be as many as eight to ten Vapor Shops open. This makes the Vapor Shop an extremely important place to visit, Vape for anyone who is searching for a particular product. Many Vape Shops is currently situated in malls, leading customers to believe they are more readily available than they once were.
The rise in popularity of the Vapor Shop has led to increased regulation of the actual Vapor Shop itself. Before, Vape Shops typically operated only privately owned businesses. Regulators have recently threatened to shut down unlicensed Vapor Shops, which are considered to be in violation of the CLIMATE Act. Regulators are also seeking to regulate the volume of nicotine included in e-liquids. These two regulations, if passed, could drastically change the face of the entire e-liquid retail industry. Lots of the vaporizer and refill companies would no longer be in business.
If the Vapor Shop will remain in business, chances are they will need to provide more choices to their consumers. Most Vape Shops posesses selection of all the leading electronic cigarettes out there, along with the equipment needed to create your own customized e-liquids. So that you can encourage customers to get from their Vapor Shop rather than independent vendors, the Vape Shop owner could offer special discounts to clients who purchase more than one tank of their e liquids from them. This plan gives the Vape Shop owner a profit break, while also encouraging customers to keep purchasing e-liquids from the Vapor Shop.
While there is certainly nothing wrong with the thought of working closely with the Vapor Shop, some vapers prefer to maintain full control over the products they purchase. Some vapor shops offer an "offline ordering" service which allows customers to receive their supply of vaporizers directly from the manufacturer. This allows the customer to regulate the quality and consistency of the product and to ensure that they are purchasing a top quality product that is developed without any compromise with their personal care.
Perhaps the biggest reason that lots of vaporizers shop owners would like to become listed on forces with the Vapor Shop would be to promote long-term sustainability. In past times, the industry relied upon investment in both technology and manufacturing facilities so that you can thrive. However, in recent years many of these manufacturing facilities have closed or been moved to other parts of the world. While that is definitely a significant problem for the industry, it also means that the resources needed to support these operations are also depleted. By forming a strategic alliance, a Vapor Shop owner can potentially save thousands of dollars each year on overhead costs, along with promoting long-term sustainability for the business.
Many public policies have already been developed over the past many years that seek to limit the amount of tobacco use that occurs in conjunction with e-liquids. Unfortunately, these restrictive policies do little to avoid people from taking advantage of this convenient alternative to smoking. If you are a vaporizer shop owner, it could be in your best interest to find an opportunity to utilize a regulatory body that seeks to market healthy alternatives to traditional cigarettes, such as the Vape Shop.
Online Gambling: Is it Safe?
Online gambling
Online Gambling: Is it Safe?
Online gambling has seen a dramatic upsurge in days gone by year. Many states are actually starting to regulate online poker and online casinos. While many people don't realize it, online gambling has been illegal in lots of states for years. The brand new laws are beginning to change the facial skin of online gambling.
Many cities took action against online gambling in recent months. Las Vegas is one city which has seen a huge upsurge in online gambling. The state of Louisiana is gearing around placed into place a ban as well. If it becomes illegal, you will have many people which will leave the state. It is predicted that the numbers will only go up after the law is passed.
There are several reasons why online casinos are becoming more popular. One reason is that a lot of gamblers prefer to gamble on the computers. It is more private and individuals don't need to sm 카지노 worry about others studying their betting habits. This alone draws lots of people to online casinos.
Another reason online gambling is becoming popular is that the industry is becoming more mature. Many states are now starting to see the great things about regulating online games. This allows online casinos to understand from the mistakes of the past. It also allows the online gambling community to create better regulations. These new regulations should allow online gaming to become even more reputable.
The online gaming industry has come a long way over the past year or two. There have been many changes to the program that are used in online casinos. New technologies have already been implemented that allow online casinos to deliver more accurate results. That is done through a variety of means and one of these is statistical analysis.
Statistic analysis will come in handy for most reasons. It gives who owns a site with the data of what percentage of individuals will regularly play their games. These details is important because it allows them to increase the odds of winning games. They are able to also decrease the amount of money they take from players through the various implies that they use. Without knowing this information, they may be lowering the standards they live by allowing people to lose more money than they ought to.
With the brand new laws that will


On 27 October 2015, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) published a speech by its Chief Executive, Alex Chisholm, on online platform regulation and the challenges of evolving tools and practices to meet the challenges of the digital economy.
In his speech, Mr Chisholm considers the role to be played by anti-trust law and sector specific legislation and the need for regulators, policymakers, businesses and consumers to adapt their practices to harvest the benefits of the digital economy, while containing its costs and risks.
The speech focuses on three general points:
1. Blanket solutions should be avoided
Online platforms are diverse and have different characteristics which will give rise to different issues. Regulation should, therefore, remain case-specific if the risk of applying the wrong rule to a novel situation is to be minimised.
2. Shifting emphasis of regulation from ex ante to ex post
In terms of the timing of any intervention, Mr Chisholm sees three types of risks:
 - Acting prematurely. Premature ex ante regulation can impose substantial direct compliance costs and reduce competition.
 - Ex ante regulation, if applied too early, can inhibit innovators, thus ossifying evolving market structures.
 - Acting too late.
3. Evolving the ex post enforcement toolkit
In order for regulators, policymakers, businesses and consumers to realise the benefits of the evolving digital space, they will need to adapt their practices in a collective effort to ensure the challenges brought by online platforms are addressed effectively. Amongst other things, businesses would do well to improve the transparency of information available on how they operate and take more responsibility for satisfying consumers that their legitimate concerns about privacy and data protection are fully respected.


text:
Wandering Jew Plant or Tradescantia Zebrina is an extremely beautiful but low-maintenance indoor houseplant. Considered invasive in nature in a lot of areas around the world, this quality of the plant makes it an increasingly popular indoor vining houseplant. Their characteristic heart-shaped leaves with a deep purple hue, stands them out from an army of indoor varieties, making them ideal decor plants.
About Tradescantia Zebrina - Wandering Jew in Hanging Basket
- They have deep purple-hued leaves with a shiny silvery sheen on them.
- The plant requires a bright lighted location to grow best, or else the purple sheen gets bleached out.
- The plant requires moderate watering and can even tolerate some spells of drought. Overwatering might lead to yellowing of leaves and root rot.
- It is another low maintenance plant that can survive well in air-conditioned rooms.
- It is one of the resounding pet-friendly varieties.
- Healthy and bushy Wandering Jew of height of 8-10 inches in Hanging Basket of 9 inches. Mentioned height is including the pot height.
- FREE Delivery
- PlantCare planner prepared by botanist (shared over WhatsApp)
How to care for Wandering Jew Plant?
Light and Temperature tips for Wandering Jew Plant
- The plant requires indirect sunlight.
- The temperature should vary between 18 - 30 degree celsius
- Make sure if you are placing the plant indoors it receives some amount of bright indirect light. The absence of bright light will fade the distinctive leaf markings and the silvery sheen.
- Avoid direct sunlight.
- The plant cannot grow in low light levels.
Water Tips for Healthy Growth of Wandering Jew Plant
- Always examine the moistness of the soil and water accordingly.
- Make sure before watering that the top of the soil has been dry out.
- The soil should not be completely dry.
- Never water the crown of the plant, always water the soil from the side.
Soil Tips for Wandering Jew Plant
- Fertilize the plant once a month with diluted liquid fertilizer.
- During monsoon fertilize once in 2 months.
- You can use any organic fertilizer.


Definitions for hoboˈhoʊ boʊ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word hobo
Princeton's WordNet
 1. tramp, hobo, bum(noun)
 a disreputable vagrant
 1. hobo(Noun)
 A homeless, usually penniless person, in some way associated with a life along the rails.
 2. hobo(Noun)
 A migratory laborer
 3. hobo(Noun)
 A tramp, vagabond; hence bum
 4. hobo(Verb)
 To be a hobo, tramp, bum etc.
 Joe idly hoboed through half the country till he realized hoboing never gets you anywhere in life.
 5. Origin: a contraction of or English dialect hawbuck.
 1. Hobo
 A hobo is a migratory worker or homeless vagabond, especially one who is penniless. The term originated in the Western—probably Northwestern—United States during the last decade of the 19th century. Unlike "tramps", who work only when they are forced to, and "bums", who do not work at all, "hobos" are workers who wander.
Anagrams for hobo »
 1. boho, Boho
 2. Boho
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of hobo in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
Images & Illustrations of hobo
Translations for hobo
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
Get even more translations for hobo »
Find a translation for the hobo definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these hobo definitions with the community:
Word of the Day
Please enter your email address:
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"hobo." STANDS4 LLC, 2017. Web. 27 Feb. 2017. <>.
Are we missing a good definition for hobo? Don't keep it to yourself...
Nearby & related entries:
Alternative searches for hobo:
Thanks for your vote! We truly appreciate your support.


text:
The Unbalanced Magnetron
An unbalanced magnetron possesses stronger magnets on the outside resulting in the expansion of the plasma away from the surface of the target towards the substrate. The effect of the unbalanced magnetic field is to trap fast moving secondary electrons that escape from the target surface. These electrons undergo ionizing collisions with neutral gas atoms away from the target surface and produce a greater number of ions and further electrons in the region of the substrate considerably increasing the substrate ion bombardment. Effectively a secondary plasma is formed in the region of the substrate. When a negative bias is applied to the substrate, ions from this secondary plasma are accelerated to the substrate and bombard it; this ion bombardment is used to control the many properties of the growing film. To find out more about the properties of the growing film click coating nucleation and growth.
An unbalanced magnetron, the outer North poles are stronger than the inner South poles therefore the field lines stretch further into the vacuum chamber
With the development of the unbalanced magnetron the substrate ion current that could be achieved and therefore the quality of the coatings increased dramatically but more was to come with the development of multi-magnetron geometry with magnetic field linkage.
Closed-field Magnetron Sputtering
The magnets within the magnetrons are arranged such that alternating poles are next to each other resulting in the linkage of field lines. This prevents electrons escaping to the chamber walls resulting in much higher ion current densities and dense, hard well adhered coatings.
A closed-field magnetic arrangement. The magnets form an electron trap to increase the level of ionization.
To find out exactly what a magnetron is click the link.


Global Economics
European Countries Top World's Happiest
People living in European countries are among the happiest in the world, according to a new survey measuring health, wealth, education and sense of identity.
Denmark tops the list of 178 countries closely followed by Switzerland, Austria and Iceland. Also in the top 20 are Finland, Sweden, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands and Norway.
The least happy Europeans live in the Baltic countries - Lithuania (155), Latvia (154), Estonia (139) - followed by Slovakia (129) and Hungary (107).
In between, Germany ranks 35, the UK 41, Spain 46, Italy 50, France 62 and Poland 99.
The survey showed that happiness is found to be most closely associated with health, followed by wealth and then education.
"There is a belief that capitalism leads to unhappy people," said UK Leicester University social psychologist Adrian White responsible for the report.
"However, when people are asked if they are happy with their lives, people in countries with good healthcare, a higher GDP per capita, and access to education were much more likely to report being happy," he explained in a statement.
At the very bottom on the list were the African countries Burundi, Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
"The concept of happiness, or satisfaction with life, is currently a major area of research in economics and psychology, most closely associated with new developments in positive psychology," Mr White added.
A recent BBC survey found that 81 percent of the UK population think their government should focus on making people happier rather than wealthier.
The survey was based on the findings of over 100 different studies around the world, which questioned some 80,000 people in total under the banner of organisations such UNESCO, the CIA and the World Health Organisation.
The Good Business Issue
blog comments powered by Disqus


Skip to content
Decrement by 1, return previous
Atomically decrements by one the current value and returns the previous value of the counter. It is possible that multiple concurrent client requests may receive the same previous value. This occurs since only the decrementing part of the logic is atomic, the retrieval of the value before it is decremented is not.
Future Backendless.counters.getAndDecrement(String counterName);
IAtomic counter = Backendless.counters.of(String counterName);
Future counter.getAndDecrement();
Argument Description
counterName name of the counter to decrement.
Function callback = (counterValue) => print("previous counter value is - $counterValue");
Backendless.counters.getAndDecrement("my counter").then(callback);
IAtomic myCounter = Backendless.counters.of("my counter");


text:
"People who have received lung transplants often have weak muscles and limited endurance due to their sedentary lifestyle before their transplant and the drugs they need to take after surgery," explains lead author Dr. Daniel Langer, a Belgian expert in respiratory diseases and rehabilitation.
Recent research by the authors showed that transplant patients often remain inactive after surgery. Up to a half also develop illnesses such as osteoporosis, high cholesterol levels and diabetes, with around 90% developing high blood pressure. It is well known that these health problems can be prevented by a physically active lifestyle.
"We were keen to explore whether an exercise training intervention would be capable of partially reversing these remaining limitations in muscle function, enabling patients to improve exercise capacity and increase their participation in daily activities."
Forty patients who had not experienced complications after single or double lung transplants were randomly allocated to two groups, with 21 patients taking part in a three-month exercise initiative and the other 19 forming the control group. Demographics for both groups, who had an average age of 59, were similar.
Patients in the intervention group exercised three times a week following their discharge from hospital, with each session lasting about 90 minutes. The training included cycling, walking, stair climbing and resistance exercise using leg press equipment. Exercise intensity increased during the three-month training programme.
The control group did not take part in the training regime. However, all the patients took part in daily mobility exercises in hospital after surgery, for an average of six weeks. This included walking, cycling, stair climbing and resistance exercises.
The authors compared daily walking, physical fitness, quality of life and ill health from cardiovascular disease between the two groups. This included monitoring their blood pressure during normal activities over a 24-hour period.
Key findings included:
- One year after hospital discharge 18 patients remained in the intervention group, with 16 in the control group. Five patients were lost to severe medical complications and one was unwilling to continue.
- After a year, the patients in the intervention group were walking an average of 85 minutes a day (plus or minus 27 minutes), while the control group were walking an average of 54 minutes a day (plus or minus 30 minutes).
- Quadriceps muscle force, how far the patients could walk in six minutes and self-reported physical functioning were significantly higher in the patients who exercised.
- Average 24-hour diastolic and systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the treated patients.
"Our study showed patients who had uncomplicated lung transplant surgery benefitted greatly from supervised exercise training, which was initiated immediately after they were discharged from hospital," concludes Dr. Langer, from the Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences and the Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division at University Hospitals KULeuven.
The patients who took part in the exercise program engaged in more physical activity in the first year following hospital discharge, which in turn resulted in favorable health outcomes.
They achieved better physical fitness against a number of key measures, reported better physical functioning and had lower blood pressure and better cardiovascular health than the patients in the control group.
"We believe that this research underlines the considerable benefits of structured exercise programmes following uncomplicated lung transplant surgery," the authors note.


text:
The Triangle of Life
Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager
American Rescue Team International
Extracts from his Articles
The first building I ever crawled inside of was a school in Mexico City during the 1985 earthquake. Every child was under their desk. Every child was crushed to the thickness of their bones. They could have survived by lying down next to their desks in the aisles. It was obscene, unnecessary and I wondered why the children were not in the aisles. I didn't at the time know that the children were told to HIDE UNDER something. Simply stated, when buildings collapse, the weight of the ceilings falling upon the objects or furniture inside crushes these objects, leaving a space or void next to them. This space is what I call the "triangle of life".
The larger the object, the stronger, the less it will compact. The less the object compacts, the larger the void, the greater the probability that the person who is using this void for safety will not be injured.
TEN TIPS FOR EARTHQUAKE SAFETY
–Wood is flexible.
–If the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created.
–Wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight.
–Brick buildings will break into individual bricks.
–The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place.
Get near the outer walls of the buildings or outside of them if possible.
I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices with a lot of paper that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper.


Coder's Cat
How To Write Readable Code
How to write readable code? Here are some tips.
We spend more time on reading than on writing code. Readable code is essential. Here are my tips for writing readable code.
Naming is the first thing we can improve on writing readable code.
If we put proper names to variables, functions, classes, code will easy to be understood. Remember to choose the more self-descriptive names for variables or functions.
Naming is not easy and needs some practice.
—- Phil Karlton
Keep simple
Keep simple on every file or function. A class or function should do one thing or one similar thing only.
A function should not contain too many lines of code or arguments. Huge function makes things difficult to comprehend.
– Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Organize code
Reading code is similar to reading a book. If a book is organized well, we know the subject of each chapter, we can skip some sections if necessary.
Organize code well means each file contains and only contains related lines of code; each module or directory contains related source code files.
Write comments, but not too many …
Comments are helpful for understanding code, but too many comments will distract us.
It's better to make comments not only restate the code.
So, in comments, we need to explain something outside of code. Add comments for the assumption, the desgins and limitations of the code.
For example, explain why you choose the used data structure.
Imagine others will read your code
Imagine you are not writing code, but explain your purpose to others.
Try to read the code after you finished it.
Read this book
This is an excellent book for anyone who wants to code professionally:
The Art of Readable Code (Theory in Practice)


text:
Definition of knotty in English:
adjective (knottier, knottiest)
1Full of knots: the room was paneled in knotty pine
More example sentences
- B-I-N will seal porous surfaces, like new wood, and seal off knots and sappy streaks in knotty pine so they won't bleed through and ruin the paint job.
- The 31-room lodge sits right on Lake Superior and is all Scandinavian, with hand-hewn beams, massive stone fireplaces, and guest rooms of high-gloss knotty pine.
- These range from the pale silvery hue of maple to the warm gold, knotty style of pine, and from the classic mid-brown of oak to the rich darkness of walnut.
1.1(Of a problem or matter) extremely difficult or intricate.
- Mr Dexter said: 'Insurance is increasingly becoming a knotty problem.'
- He spent much time trying to tease out this knotty problem with Laing.
- The newspaper also dwells on the jury selection in the original federal trial, but it never once mentions the truly knotty constitutional issue involved - double jeopardy.
- Example sentences
- This may seem like it has the knottiness and subterfuge of a good spy thriller, but it fails as a drama because every climax is a false climax.
- The difficulty and complexity of the play's plotting is matched by an unusual density and knottiness of syntax.
Words that rhyme with knottydotty, grotty, hottie, Lanzarote, Lottie, Pavarotti, potty, Scottie, snotty, spotty, totty, yachtie, zloty
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
To create copies:
- Go to "Shared with me" in your old Drive.
- Select the files that you wish to save.
- Right-click on them and select "Make a copy". How to make a copy of a shared file in Google Drive.
- Go to My Drive and view the files.
Download a copy of a file
- On your computer, open a Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, or Forms home screen.
- Open a document, spreadsheet, or presentation.
- At the top, click File. Download as.
- Choose a file type. The file will download onto your computer.
Following are the steps to Move Files from Shared With Me to My Drive:
- Click "Shared with me" tab located at the left side of window.
- Click a file which you want to move.
- Click "Add to My Drive" icon located at the top of the window. …
- A "Move To" window opens up.
- Select the folder from "My Drive" to move the file.
The first Google Drive limits the number of downloads of the file. The reason is that in the span of 24 hours, many people access the file. This case usually appears on Google Drive files that have been shared by someone. As a result, you cannot download the file in Google Drive.
There are detailed steps. Step 1: Go to the website of Copy URL to Google Drive. Step 2: Paste the link, select the target folder you want to save to and click on "Save, Copy to Google Drive". Step 3: Click on "Save to Google Drive" button in the new window to complete the task.
Follow the steps below:
- Open a browser window and copy the link of the file that you want to download.
- Now open an Incognito window or any other browser but make sure that you are not signed in into your google account in that tab or browser.
- Hit download.
- That's it.
Why there is no download option in Google Drive?
If you're using multiple Google accounts (e.g. for work and personal), Google Drive sometimes might improperly mix up permissions to download certain files. To fix this, log out of all Google accounts. Then only log back in with the account that should have access to the file you want to download and try again.
Can viewers of Google Drive download?
Viewers are library users who can access documents in a read-only mode. By default, viewers can download, copy and print attachments.


Film Review - Closed Curtain
Closed Curtain (2013) Jafar Panahi's symbolically charged follow-up to his critically acclaimed This Is Not a Film (2012) is about state repression, censorship, depression and the intersection between art and reality. Echoes of the former Soviet Union's 'Iron Curtain' are reflected in the title. The superb opening shot is filmed through the security grill of a window; an image reinforced by the bars of an iron fence directly in front of it. A car draws up. Two men approach the house. All that can be heard is the faint sound of birdsong. The first man, carrying a black bag, enters the house and we hear him set down his bag and keys. He accepts a suitcase and box of water from the second who then drives off.
As the camera's perspective moves to the interior, the man (co-director Kamboziya Partovi) closes the curtains of the main living space. He uses black fabric, reminiscent of the hijab, to shroud the house in darkness and, it is implied, to escape prying eyes. A dog is in the black bag. Gradually it is revealed that he is a screenwriter holed up in the seaside villa with his pet dog named Boy. In Iran dogs are considered impure and, except for working animals, they are effectively banned from being seen in public. Stray dogs are routinely exterminated. One suspects that their inhumane slaughter, shown on the screenwriter's television and watched by Boy, is also intended as a searing indictment of Iran's policy of capital punishment.
During a thunderstorm a young man and his sister Melika (Maryam Moghadam) seek refuge in the villa. The brother leaves Melika in the safekeeping of the screenwriter, warning him that she is suicidal. He never returns. The pair circle around each other; she is curious and the screenwriter is wary, anxious that Melika is a spy. Later, thieves break in through the villa's glass doors and ransack the place.
At this point, Panahi, recognisable to aficionados, steps into the frame and the film changes direction. Suddenly, Closed Curtain focuses on the reality for Panahi, an acclaimed auteur who is currently banned from filmmaking in his country and lives under house arrest. The closed curtain represents Iran's censorship of cinema, its repression of creativity, as well as the state's control of ordinary lives. The message is clear – Iran is a prison. A reminder of Iran's previous freedom comes with shots of the seventies style home bar, where now only water is served. Shattered glass is symbolic of the state's cataclysmic destruction of artistic creativity.
 Closed Curtain also interrogates questions of identity: where does Panahi belong – in Iran or in exile abroad, where his films are celebrated? A neighbour suggests that there is more to life than work and Panahi responds 'those things are foreign to me.' Melika believes suicide is better than living behind closed curtains. She comes to represent the black cloud of depression that hangs over Panahi. She fills his thoughts and tries to lure him into taking his own life by walking into the sea, suggesting the drowning of himself and his imagination.
Cinematographer Mohamed Reza Jahanpanah's brilliant framing, the use of images on phone cameras, the playing of film backwards and the inventive use of light and shade are impressive. This is an eloquent and memorable film about an authoritarian state's constraints on artistic expression. Since making Closed Curtain co-director Partovi and Moghadam have been banned from travelling. For anyone interested in artistic freedoms Closed Curtain is a must see.
Originally published by


text:
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California is working to develop a new, highly breathable material to be used for military uniforms that would protect the wearer against biological and chemical agents.
The new material would be made of tiny carbon nanotubes that could adapt to the environment.
Francesco Fornasiero, a scientist on the project, explains:
"The uniform will be like a smart second skin that responds to the environment. Without the need of an external control system, the fabric will be able to switch reversibly from a highly breathable state to a protective one in response to the presence of the environmental threat. In the protective state, the uniform will block the chemical threat while maintaining a good breathability level."
Folks at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory estimate the new material could be used in military uniforms in less than ten years.
The project is funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency.


text:
the village from Boston with his three sons, two of whom went on to helm Sag Harbor papers. The Corrector was published on a weekly basis until 1837, when it became a semi-weekly until Hunt died in 1859. After Hunt's death, his son Alexander and Brinley Sleight took over, publishing the newspaper daily, though this business model proved unsuccessful and the paper reverted back to a weekly publication. The Corrector went on to become the Sag Harbor Corrector.
The Sag Harbor Corrector was eventually purchased by Burton Corwin, owner of the Sag Harbor News, in 1919 and became the Sag Harbor News and Corrector. This amalgamated newspaper was subsequently purchased by the Gardner family, owners of the The Sag Harbor Express, in the late 1920s to become the only Sag Harbor newspaper.
The majority of Sag Harbor lies on a flat coastal plain which makes up much of Long Island and extends down to the coast. Small hills rise up from the shore at about 0.3 miles (0.48 km) inland. Knolls and hills are dominated mostly by Red and Scarlet oak trees which are interspersed with pitch and white pines. On many of the protected bay shores, wetlands and dune ecosystems dominate the land.
Sag Harbor Union Free School District includes both the Sag Harbor Elementary School and Pierson Middle-High School.
Stella Maris Regional School was located in Sag Harbor but closed in 2011.
Nature and protected areas
Thanks to its surrounding nature preserves, Sag Harbor has very rich fauna for its region. Many endangered species call Sag Harbor home such as the eastern tiger salamander which inhabits wetlands surrounding the village. The "Long Pond Greenbelt", which straddles Sag Harbor's southern boundary, is a well known chain of ponds formed by a retreating glacier. Other natural sites around the village include Barcelona Neck Preserve, Millers Ground Preserve, Sag Harbor Woods Preserve and the recently acquired Cilli Farm which lies in the center of the village. Mammals which call these places home include the red fox, eastern coyote, long-tailed weasel, mink, muskrat, woodchuck, several bat species, bottlenose dolphins, harbour porpoises and possibly river otters which are close to local extinction in Long Island with only an estimated 8 individuals thought to have recently migrated from Connecticut. A large array of amphibian and reptilian species also live in the area, including the marbled salamander, tiger salamander, spotted salamander, box turtle, spotted turtle, gray tree frog, eastern newt, black racer snake, hognose snake and rough green snake, to name a few.
The Cilli Farm
This preserve is a refuge for wildlife in the area. It serves as an ecological island giving large animals like white-tailed deer a home base. Although protected, dumping and littering are major threats to this invaluable preserve. Various habitats, including marshes, grasslands, birch forests, cedar groves, sand flats, and coastal watersheds provide key habitat for wildlife and support great botanic diversity.
- "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Sag Harbor village, New York". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
- Keene, Robert (2008-02-07). "History of Sag Harbor". Corner Bar 1 Main Street Sag Harbor New York 11963. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- "Long Island History Room". John Jermain Memorial Library, Sag Harbor, NY. 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2008-07-04. "Please see image labeled Sagg Harbor 1840."[dead link]
- Wick, Steve (2008-02-23). "Sag Harbor's Heyday -- Newsday.com". Newsday. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- "Result for query "Harbor"". The Princeton Text Archive. The Educational Technologies Center, Princeton University. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- Melville, Herman (1851). "Chapter xii — BIOGRAPHICAL". Moby Dick. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- Reitwiesner, William Addams (2007-07-01). "Ancestry of Howard Dean". Retrieved 2008-07-04. "born 6 Oct. 1808, killed 4 Jan. 1838 by a whale and buried at sea, m. Sag Harbor, Long Island, N.Y., 12 May 1833"
- "Push is on to rebuild church steeple" — East Hampton Press by Oliver Peterson — June 13, 2007
- Bleyer, Bill (2008-02-23). "Sag Harbor — A Port Bigger Than New York". Retrieved 22008-07-04. "The business then declined rapidly as ships and crews were lured by the 1849 California gold rush and oil was discovered in Pennsylvania. The last Sag Harbor whaler was the Myra, which sailed in 1871 and wrecked three years later."
- "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- Maier, Marissa (9 July 2009). "History of Sag Harbor's Newspapers". The Sag harbor Express (Sag Harbor, Suffolk County, Long Island, N.Y.: Bryan Boyhan). Retrieved 2010-07-16. "As the Sag Harbor Express celebrates its 150th anniversary this week,..."
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sag Harbor, New York|
- Village of Sag Harbor official website
- Zaykowski, Dorothy Ingersoll (1991). Sag Harbor: The Story of an American Beauty. Sag Harbor, N.Y.: Sag Harbor Historical Society. ISBN 0-8488-0899-1.
- Suffolk Historic Newspapers — Online Archives, The Corrector (1822–1911) and The Sag Harbor Express (1885–1898)
- The Sag Harbor Express


text:
Science is about humanity's search for the answers to fundamental questions ranging from 'Why is the speed of light the same for all observers' to 'Can I eat that?'.
Two years into my graduate school career I now feel secure in knowing that I helped to contribute my little part to our collective understanding of things eating other things, as well as why you should not think too hard when eating oysters.
My part of all this is a just-published paper with the snappy title "High turnover of faecal microbiome from algal feedstock experimental manipulations in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)". If you don't feel like reading the whole thing here's the tldr;
- If you change the diet of an oyster its gut microbiome will change quickly, on the time scale of a week or so.
- Different oysters will respond to changes in diet in very similar ways, at least with what is in their gut microbiome.
- This is of relevance as it implies that if any probiotics are developed for improving oyster crops in aquaculture then they can be quickly an uniformly incorporated into multiple oyster gut microbiomes.
Actually, I would recommend cooking oysters.