text:
has little to do with any of these factors. Zone pricing is a practice under which refiners sell gasoline to retailers at wholesale prices that differ across geographic areas. Generally, these geographic areas vary in the level of competition. Thus refiners charge more in areas where demand is high and/or competition is low. Simply put, zone pricing is pricing set by the refiners based on supply and demand.
Refiners are free to set their own price zones and, nationwide, these zones can vary substantially from one refiner to the other. Zone pricing is viewed by some as price gouging and by others as a natural outcome of competitive markets. Zone pricing is practiced throughout most of the United States and some states have considered legislation to curb the practice. Currently, zone pricing is not illegal in Washington state, as long as it does not involve collusive or deceptive practices.
3. Retail Margins
On average, increased retail prices appear to generally mirror increases in wholesale prices. Although estimated retail margins do fluctuate, these along are not usually an indication of any aberrant behavior. Margins appear to be fairly consistent throughout the state. See Illustration 8, and Illustration 9.
4. Other conditions contributing to higher prices
Washington's price increases are not unique to the West Coast or other U.S. states. See Illustration 6. In addition to the tight West Coast supply/demand balance, other events - both here in the U.S. and worldwide - have greatly influenced the prices we are seeing today.
- The Price of Crude Oil. The single most important factor affecting both the level and movement of gasoline prices in the United States is the price of crude. When the price of crude increases gasoline prices also increase. Crude oil prices are determined by supply and demand on a worldwide basis. See Illustration 7.
- Low Gasoline Inventory. Another important factor in the U.S. is the relatively low gasoline inventory. The absence of a gasoline stock cushion creates increased volatility in the market. If there is no cushion to fall back on, refiners are forced to turn to imports to fill the widening gap. Uncertainty about supply, as well as actual loss of production, can drive gasoline costs up.
- The Price of Gasoline Additives. Ethanol, a renewable fuel source and a corn product, fluctuates in price over time as any commodity does, and this has a certain minimal affect on the price of gasoline.
- Political Unrest. Political unrest in oil producing countries can also result in temporary price spikes. Unrest, strained relations, or oil embargos involving oil producing countries such as Venezuela, Iraq, Iran and Nigeria do affect the world's supply of crude oil. When supply is disrupted for any reason, it generally results in higher prices, particularly if the level of demand exceeds the level of supply.
- Seasonal Shift in Gasoline Blends. Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) specifications change with the season. The specifications, set forward by the Environmental Protection Agency, not only vary by season but also vary by region and can lead to price differentials geographically. This is part of the reason that the country almost every year sees a rise in gasoline prices in the spring. The gasoline produced and distributed during the summer contains less butane and is therefore more expensive. Adding less butane also results in lower overall supply levels.
5. What does the cost of a gallon of gas go to?
Many Washington consumers are concerned about what they are paying for when they buy a gallon of gasoline. How much of a gallon of gasoline consists of federal and state taxes? See Illustration 10. Currently, the state fuel excise tax is 37.5 cents per gallon. The federal gas tax is 18.4 cents per gallon, and the federal diesel tax is 24.4 cents per gallon. This makes for a combined fuel excise tax of 55.9 cents per gallon of unleaded, and ranks Washington as having one of the highest fuel excise taxes in the nation along with Connecticut, California, New York, Illinois and Michigan. The combined fuel tax for diesel is 61.9 cents per gallon and ranks Washington as having one of the highest diesel fuel excise taxes in the nation. *1
What can consumers do?
As with most other goods and services, gasoline prices are influenced by supply and demand. One way to reduce demand is to reduce consumption. Because demand is higher in Washington state than many other areas of the country, it is particularly important for Washington consumers to conserve gasoline by finding alternative modes of transportation. When consumers form carpools or begin using public transportation, it creates huge differences in the demand and can go far to reduce prices.
The following websites provide a list of up-to-date gas prices, allowing a consumer to shop wisely:
[Back to Top]
*1 Some states may add sales taxes to sale of gasoline. Sales taxes are not included in this information.


text:
independent federal or Human Rights Commission. As we celebrate 55 years' support for these acclaimed human rights standards, I urge the federal government to honour Article 10, which affirms that everyone is entitled in full equity to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of their rights and obligations. In America, after a seven-year and continuing legal battle over missing private monies, the Blackfeet people of Montana have won Court directives demanding the government provide a full accounting for every cent of Indian money intercepted and controlled from 1887. We need such an accounting in Australia also, as the basis to assess entitlement and compensation.
But while we're waiting for the marvellous revelation of ethics and integrity which might prompt such a national Inquiry, a few of us are working towards establishing a National Report which will survey labour, wages and financial controls in each State, including the testimony of families caught up in these systems. We are hoping, at a minimum, to explode the myths which trivialise and marginalise those who also built our nation, and we are hoping to prepare the public mind to acknowledge the enormous debt – both financial and historical – which remains unreported and unpaid.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In mathematics, an operator is a function, usually of a special kind depending on the topic. An operator is a function that acts on functions to produce other functions. A operator symbol or operator name is a notation that denotes a particular operator.
There are many types of operators.
The code of the program is given below:
 Using Operators in Jsp
 Using Operators in Jsp <% int Operator1 = 23, operartor2 = 40, SumOper;
SumOper = Operator1 + operartor2 ;
out.println(Operator1 + " + " + operartor2 + " = " + SumOper); %> <% int Operator3 = 3, operartor4 = 4, MulOper;
MulOper = Operator1 * operartor2 ;
out.println(Operator1 + " * " + operartor2 + " = " + MulOper); %>
Output of the Program:
If you are facing any programming issue, such as compilation errors or not able to find the code you are looking for.
Ask your questions, our development team will try to give answers to your questions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Books: Time and Ginsberg wait for no man
All Dressed Up: The Sixties and Counterculture by Jonathon Green Pimlico pounds 12.50
Jonathon Green, lexicographer and former contributor to Oz and IT, has already compiled an oral history of the 1960s which drew on the recollections of leading underground figures, or, as some would say, frazzled old pot-heads. With this charmingly idiosyncratic book he completes his investigation of that decade. This time, his purpose is to provide an overview of the cultural and political events that still find us floundering in the aftermath of permissiveness, women's lib and gay consciousness.
His account begins with the birth of the "teenager". First there were the leather-and-denim-clad Teds with their nihilistic non-conformity and ritualised battles for territory. Then the Italianate Mods. But what makes Green's approach so distinctive is his rehabilitation of contemporary slang. We hear from the bored, young shopworkers /apprentices, etc, intent on finding "giggles" and "kicks". We read outraged reports from local newspapers wildly exaggerating their antics. Green's skilful montage of voices establishes the ambience necessary for making the ideas come alive as vividly and threateningly as they did at the time.
Accordingly, anti-psychiatry, flower power and Allen Ginsberg are accorded a respectful treatment, although, when appropriate, Green invites us to dismiss their glorious absurdities. For instance, he relates what should have been an auspicious meeting of minds between the Beatles and Ginsberg in 1965. The Fab Four were due to meet the Crazy One, but in the event only two turned up - George Harrison and John Lennon - with their respective wives. They were late, and Ginsberg was drunk. He greeted them naked with a pair of Y-fronts on his head and a sign reading "No waiting" hanging from his penis. A distinctly unamused Lennon prudishly said: "You don't do that in front of the birds," and ushered his female charges out of the room.
Elsewhere we learn about the man hired by Apple for the sole purpose of interpreting the I Ching, and how to attain a third eye by drilling a hole in your head. But Green also records the economic climate that gave rise to England's different "scenes". Universities expanded, and young people became active consumers with no thoughts of mortgages or careers. Radical social legislation (pioneered by Roy Jenkins) also played a part. But the party ended abruptly, Green contends, in 1971, with the Oz trial, and we are still feeling the moral backlash.


PHP RFC: Enumerations
 - Date: 2020-12-04
 - Author: Larry Garfield (_EMAIL_), Ilija Tovilo (_EMAIL_)
 - Status: Implemented
 - Target Version: PHP 8.1
This RFC introduces Enumerations to PHP. The scope of this RFC is limited to "unit enumerations," that is, enumerations that are themselves a value, rather than simply a fancy syntax for a primitive constant, and do not include additional associated information. This capability offers greatly expanded support for data modeling, custom type definitions, and monad-style behavior. Enums enable the modeling technique of "make invalid states unrepresentable," which leads to more robust code with less need for exhaustive testing.
Many languages have support for enumerations of some variety. A survey we conducted of various languages found that they could be categorized into three general groups: Fancy Constants, Fancy Objects, and full Algebraic Data Types (ADTs).
This RFC is part of a larger effort to introduce full Algebraic Data Types. It implements the "Fancy Objects" variant of enumerations in such a way that it may be extended to full ADTs by future RFCs. It draws both conceptually and semantically from Swift, Rust, and Kotlin, although it is not directly modeled on either.
The most popular case of enumerations is boolean, which is an enumerated type with legal values true and false. This RFC allows developers to define their own arbitrarily robust enumerations.
Enumerations are built on top of classes and objects. That means, except where otherwise noted, "how would Enums behave in situation X" can be answered "the same as any other object instance." They would, for example, pass an object type check. Enum names are case-insensitive, but subject to the same caveat about autoloading on case-sensitive file systems that already applies to classes generally. Case names are internally implemented as class constants, and thus are case-sensitive.
Basic enumerations
This RFC introduces a new language construct, enum. Enums are similar to classes, and share the same namespaces as classes, interfaces, and traits. They are also autoloadable the same way. An Enum defines a new type, which has a fixed, limited number of possible legal values.
enum Suit {
 case Hearts;
 case Diamonds;
 case Clubs;
 case Spades;
This declaration creates a new enumerated type named Suit, which has four and only four legal values: Suit::Hearts, Suit::Diamonds, Suit::Clubs, and Suit::Spades. Variables may be assigned to one of those legal values. A function may be type checked against an enumerated type, in which case only values of that type may be passed.
function pick_a_card(Suit $suit) {... }
$val = Suit::Diamonds;
pick_a_card($val); // OK
pick_a_card(Suit::Clubs); // OK
pick_a_card('Spades'); // TypeError: pick_a_card(): Argument #1 ($suit) must be of type Suit, string given
An Enumeration may have zero or more case definitions, with no maximum. A zero-case enum is syntactically valid, if rather useless.
By default, cases are not intrinsically backed by a scalar value. That is, Suit::Hearts is not equal to 0. Instead, each case is backed by a singleton object of that name. That means that:
$a = Suit::Spades;
$b = Suit::Spades;
$a === $b; // true
$a instanceof Suit; // true
It also means that enum values are never < or > each other, since those comparisons are not meaningful on objects. Those comparisons will always return false when working with enum values.
This type of case, with no related data, is called a "Pure Case." An Enum that contains only Pure Cases is called a Pure Enum.
All Pure Cases are implemented as instances of their enum type. The enum type is represented internally as a class.
All Cases have a read-only property, name, that is the case-sensitive name of the case itself. That is largely an implementation artifact, but may also be used for debugging purposes.
print Suit::Spades->name;
// prints "Spades"
Backed Enums
By default, Enumerated Cases have no scalar equivalent. They are simply singleton objects. However, there are ample cases where an Enumerated Case needs to be able to round-trip to a database or similar datastore, so having a built-in scalar (and thus trivially serializable) equivalent defined intrinsically is useful.
To define a scalar equivalent for an Enumeration, the syntax is as follows:
enum Suit: string {
 case Hearts = 'H';
 case Diamonds = 'D';
 case Clubs = 'C';
 case Spades = 'S';
A case that has a scalar equivalent is called a Backed Case, as it is "Backed" by a simpler value. An Enum that contains all Backed Cases is called a "Backed Enum." A Backed Enum may contain only Backed Cases. A Pure Enum may contain only Pure Cases.
A Backed Enum may be backed by types of int or string, and a given enumeration supports only a single type at a time. (That is, no union of int|string.) If an enumeration is marked as having a scalar equivalent, then all cases must have a unique scalar equivalent defined explicitly. There are no auto-generated scalar equivalents (e.g., sequential integers). Value cases must be unique; two backed enum cases may not have the same scalar equivalent. (However, a constant may refer to a case, effectively creating an alias.)
Equivalent values must be literals or literal expressions. Constants and constant expressions are not supported. That is, 1+1 is allowed, but 1 + SOME_CONST is not. This is primarily due to implementation complexity. (See Future Scope below.)
Value Cases have an additional read-only property, value, which is the value specified in the definition.
print Suit::Clubs->value;
// Prints "C"
In order to enforce the value property as read-only, a variable cannot be assigned as a reference to it. That is, the following throws an error:
$suit = Suit::Clubs;
$ref = &$suit->value;
// Error: Cannot acquire reference to property Suit::$value
Backed enums implement an internal BackedEnum interface, which exposes two additional methods:
 - from(int|string): self will take a scalar and return the corresponding Enum Case. If one is not found, it will throw a ValueError. This is mainly useful in cases where the input scalar is trusted and a missing enum value should be considered an application-stopping error.
 - tryFrom(int|string):?self will take a scalar and return the corresponding Enum Case. If one is not found, it will return null. This is mainly useful in cases where the input scalar is untrusted and the caller wants to implement their own error handling or default-value logic.
The "tryX" idiom is common in C# and Rust (albeit in somewhat different ways) to indicate that the result may be null/optional. It would be new to PHP, but not incompatible with any current conventions.
The from() and tryFrom() methods follow standard weak/strong typing rules. In weak typing mode, passing an integer or string is acceptable and the system will coerce the value accordingly. Passing a float will also work and be coerced. In strict typing mode, passing an integer to from() on a string-backed enum (or vice versa) will result in a TypeError, as will a float in all circumstances. All other parameter types will throw a TypeError in both modes.
$record = get_stuff_from_database($id);
print $record['suit'];
$suit = Suit::from($record['suit']);
// Invalid data throws a ValueError: "X" is not a valid scalar value for enum "Suit"
print $suit->value;
$suit = Suit::tryFrom('A')?? Suit::Spades;
// Invalid data returns null, so Suit::Spades is used instead.
print $suit->value;
Manually defining a from() or tryFrom() method on a Backed Enum will result in a fatal error.
Enumerated Methods
Enums (both Pure Enums and Backed Enums) may contain methods, and may implement interfaces. If an Enum implements an interface, then any type check for that interface will also accept all cases of that Enum.
interface Colorful {
 public function color(): string;
enum Suit implements Colorful {
 case Hearts;
 case Diamonds;
 case Clubs;
 case Spades;
 // Fulfills the interface contract.
 public function color(): string {
 return match($this) {
 Suit::Hearts, Suit::Diamonds => 'Red',
 Suit::Clubs, Suit::Spades => 'Black',
 // Not part of an interface; that's fine.
 public function shape(): string {
 return "Rectangle";
function paint(Colorful $c) {... }
paint(Suit::Clubs); // Works
print Suit::Diamonds->shape(); // prints "rectangle"
In this example, all four instances of Suit have two methods, color() and shape(). As far as calling code and type checks are concerned, they behave exactly the same as any other object instance.
Inside a method, the $this variable is defined and refers to the Case instance.
Methods may be arbitrarily complex, but in practice will usually return a static value or match on $this to provide different results for different cases.
Note that in this case it would be a better data modeling practice to also define a SuitColor Enum Type with


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text:
aesthetics of diversity and the theology of spilt religion above social justice? That is the unasked question that needs to be asked ever more insistently. Economic and political justice are strenuous goals. They cannot be achieved by doing what comes naturally.
–E.D. Hirsch is a professor of education and humanities at the University of Virginia and author of The Schools We Need and Why We Don't Have Them. This article was adapted from a speech given at Harvard University in October 1999.


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text:
Simbol Materials today started operations at a plant in California that extracts lithium and other battery materials without having to dig new holes in the ground.
The company has developed a way for getting valuable metals from the discharge brine of geothermal plants, a process that could help make the U.S. a much larger producer of lithium and other important metals. Its operation, which it expects to expand next year, is in the Imperial Valley of California.
Rather than drill wells or mine for minerals, Simbol Materials' process separates lithium carbonate, zinc, and manganese from the brine brought up from a geothermal well. A geothermal plant generates electricity by using underground heat to make steam, which is pushed through a turbine that turns an electricity generator.
Simbol Materials' equipment fits onto an existing geothermal well to siphon off the steam brine and then separate minerals. It nearly eliminates the typical wastewater from a geothermal plant, according to the company.
Finding sources for important minerals has become one of the most critical issues for many green technologies. Lithium ion batteries are the technology of choice for plug-in electric vehicles, making the question of supply important to auto and battery manufacturers.
Typical lithium carbonate production involves pumping brine from underground and then drying it in open ponds for months. There are a couple of lithium producers in the U.S., but the largest reserves are in China, Australia, and South America.
With its process and plant in California, Simbol Materials is now a "competitive producer of high-purity lithium and other lithium compounds and derivatives that are critical to electric vehicle batteries and clean energy," Takashi Sunada, of the Chemicals Division of Japanese conglomerate Itochu, said in a statement.
Sales of materials will be done by Itochu, which is a lead investor in Simbol Materials. Silicon Valley venture firm Mohr Davidow is also an investor.
Updated at 11:00 a.m. to correct minerals extracted.


text:
Trestles, a supercomputer launched earlier this year by the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) at the University of California, San Diego, is proving itself as a valuable resource for researchers across a wide range of disciplines, from astrophysics to molecular dynamics, who need access to computational resources with rapid turnaround.
In the seven months since its launch, more than 50 separate research projects have been granted time on Trestles. As the system is targeted to serve a large number of users, project allocations are capped at 1.5M SUs (service units, or single processor hours) annually on the new SDSC system.
"Trestles was designed to enable modest-scale and gateway researchers to be as computationally productive as possible," said Richard Moore, SDSC's deputy director and co-principal investigator the system, the result of a $2.8 million National Science Foundation (NSF) award. "It has attracted researchers from diverse areas who need access to a fully supported supercomputer with shorter turnaround times than has been typical for most systems. In addition, to respond to user requirements for more flexible access modes, we have enabled pre-emptive on-demand queues for applications which require urgent access in response to unpredictable natural or manmade events that have a societal impact, as well as user-settable reservations for researchers who need predictable access for their workflows."
With 10,368 processor cores, a peak speed of 100 teraflop/s, 20 terabytes memory, and 39 terabytes of flash memory, Trestles is one of several new HPC (high-performance computing) systems at SDSC. The center is pioneering the use of flash-based memory, common in much smaller devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers but relatively new for supercomputers, which typically rely on slower spinning disk technology.
"Flash disks can read data as much as 100 times faster than spinning disk, write data faster, and are more energy-efficient and reliable," said Allan Snavely, associate director of SDSC and co-PI for the new system. "Trestles uses 120GB flash drives in each node, and users have already demonstrated substantial performance improvements for many applications compared to spinning disk."
Three recent research projects, each allocated one million SUs on Trestles,include:
Climate Change: How Aerosols Affect the Air We Breathe
At present, there are large uncertainties associated with the effects of atmospheric aerosols, fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. Atmospheric aerosols have both natural (e.g., volcanic eruptions, biomass burning and wind-blown dust from soils) and anthropogenic (e.g., combustion) origins and during their lifetimes undergo several transformations due to the interaction with solar radiation and gas molecules in the air.
By influencing the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface as well as the formation of clouds, researchers believe that aerosols play a major role in the atmosphere with important consequences for global climate and the ecosystem. Atmospheric aerosols are also associated with adverse effects on human health, notably in the areas of respiratory, cardiovascular, and allergic diseases.
Researchers lack a complete understanding of the properties of aerosols and the chemistry that takes place on these particles, according to Francesco Paesani, assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San Diego. "This incomplete knowledge of aerosol chemistry currently limits the possibility of making quantitative predictions about the future state of the atmosphere," said Paesani, who as PI is conducting this research under a grant from the NSF's Environmental Chemical Science Division. Paesani and his research group are also part of the NSF Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE) established at UC San Diego.
Using Trestles as a resource, Paesani and his group have been developing computational methodologies to more accurately assess how particles in atmospheric aerosols directly affect air quality, and better understand their role in global climate concerns such as Earth's radiative balance and cloud formation. The Paesani group research interests focused on modeling chemical reactions on aerosol surfaces under atmospheric conditions, specifically the characterization of the molecular mechanisms that determine the dissociation of inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on aqueous environments. They have been studying the dissociation of HCl in small water clusters as well as on ice surfaces under atmospheric temperature conditions.
HCl has been shown to play a critical role in chlorine activation reactions taking place at the surface of polar stratospheric clouds. Paesani's preliminary results indicate that the dissociation of HCl on ice surfaces is very rapid at all relevant atmospheric temperatures of 180 to 270 Kelvin (-135 to +25 degrees F). These results suggest that the ice surface does not simply serve as a static platform on which the reactants meet, but actually plays an active role in the reaction itself.
"Since our computational methodologies take into account the quantum nature of both electrons and nuclei using a 'first principles' approach, our molecular simulations are computationally highly expensive.," said Paesani, who recently published related research in the Journal of Physical Chemistry. "Having access to a powerful computing cluster such as Trestles has greatly benefited us."
Molecular Dynamics: Thermal Management in Microelectronics
Simply put, heat and inefficient thermal management pose major barriers to the continued miniaturization and increased capabilities of microelectronics such as microchips, now used in everything from mobile phones and digital cameras to supercomputers and missile guidance systems.
Tengfei Luo, with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), specializes in the study of thermal management in microelectronics. His supercomputer simulations show that the intrinsic thermal conductivity of polymer chains, widely used in thermal management, strongly depends on their structural stiffness, and that surface morphology can greatly influence the efficiency of heat transfer across interfaces, or connections. By contrast, "soft" chains, or less structurally stiff ones, tend to scatter more heat carriers and results in low thermal conductivity.
"Our research is focused on studying heat transfer mechanisms in many different materials, and in particular we are providing new insights into the selection of thermally conductive polymers and better thermal transporting interfaces, essential to the ongoing miniaturization of microelectronics," said Luo.
"We found Trestles to be a very versatile system, on which we could run a large number of smaller jobs simultaneously or perform larger simulations of more than 512 cores involving tens of thousands of atoms," added Luo. "Unlike other systems, we were able to use Trestles to run jobs for as long as two weeks, which is a very valuable feature for studying thermal transport. Our I/O-intensive first-principle calculations greatly benefited from the system's local flash memory, while improving the stability of our calculations. Plus the large memory (64GB) on each node helped us significantly for memory-demanding FP calculations."
Luo's latest research related to thermal management was published in the April 2011 issue of the Journal of Applied Physics.
Astrophysics: High-Energy Collisions of Black Holes
In astrophysics, 'black holes' are formed when a massive star collapses with such gravitational force that not even light can escape from it. Black holes can be modeled using Einstein's theory of General Relativity in four dimensions (three spatial and one time). These equations are considered to be among the most complicated ones in all of physics, and it wasn't until almost 90 years later, in 2005, that breakthroughs in simulating black hole dynamics using numerical relativity were achieved. These recent advances have come about because of the availability of supercomputers having both large memory and strong computational performance.
Ulrich Sperhake, a theoretical astrophysics researcher with the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) as well as the Institute of Space Sciences at CSIC-IEEC, Barcelona, Spain, was recently allocated one million SUs on Trestles to further investigate high-energy collisions of black holes, with the goal of improving our understanding of the dynamics of these implosions.
"The purpose of our research is to identify the possibility of achieving numerically more robust and accurate simulations by using alternative formulations," said Sperhake, PI of the NSFfunded project, whose team has been studying black holes in three distinct areas of experimental and observational research: gravitational wave physics, Trans-Planckian Scattering, and high-energy physics. Sperhake plans to publish a detailed review of his numerical studies in those three areas. His most recent research was published in the May 20, 2011 issue of Physical Review D.
"Numerical simulations of black-hole binary space times in the framework of Einstein's theory of General Relativity, or generalizations thereof, require hundreds of processors and of the order of 100s of GB of memory," said Sperhake. "That is way outside the scope of workstations available locally, so the importance of having a computer cluster of the quality of Trestles cannot be overstated."
A TeraGrid/XSEDE Resource
Trestles is appropriately named because it is serving as a bridge between SDSC's current resources such as Dash, and Gordon, a much larger data-intensive system scheduled for deployment in late 2011/early 2012. Like Dash and the upcoming Gordon system, Trestles is available to users of the NSF's TeraGrid, the nation's largest open-access scientific discovery infrastructure. TeraGrid is transitioning this summer to a new phase called XSEDE (Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment), the result of a new multi-year NSF award.
Explore further: Computer scientist publishes new algorithm cluster to data mine health records


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Vegetable Broth - 500ml
This Vegetable broth contains different types of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals and high in calcium. The subtle taste with a hint of sweetness makes this a comfort food and it provides an alternative nutritional source for kids that dislike vegetables
Ingredients: Vegetables, Red Dates and Filtered Water.
- Keep Frozen at or below -18°C.
- Do not refreeze after defrosting.
- Consume within 48 hours after defrosting.
- Pop into a pot, bring it to boil and top with other ingredients of your choice.


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On the relationship between fog and low stratus and weather types over the Swiss Plateau
The relationship between persistent fog and low stratus (FLS) and weather types has been analysed in the extended winter season for the period _PHONE_. Ten automatic weather type classifications (WTCs) operationally computed at MeteoSwiss are considered. The capability to differentiate between days with and without FLS highly depends on the WTC. The best overall performance is found for WTCs based on sea level pressure and a large number of classes (GWT 26 MSL and CAP 27). Four out of 26 classes of GWT26MSL are able to represent 59% of all FLS days; eight classes already cover 85% of all FLS days. These FLS-prone classes are mainly characterized by a high pressure system near Switzerland and an easterly wind component. The frequency of FLS events is found to be roughly determined by the frequency of these weather types. Additionally, a clear seasonal cycle in the occurrence probability of FLS in those weather classes emerges. In December and January, the occurrence of the four most FLS-prone weather classes is a good predictor of interannual FLS varia-bility. A possible FLS forecast guidance is presented with tables showing the FLS fraction per weath-er class and month for all ten MeteoSwiss WTCs. There are indications that a part of the annual FLS frequency variability might not entirely be explained by the synoptic-scale flow alone and that other factors might have an influence. Further investigations are needed to shed more light on the effect of these factors and the robustness of the WTC approach with respect to this.


Finding New Enrollments in Old Data
By: Christopher Tashjian Oct 21, 2016
"Why didn't this student enroll?" This can be a frustrating question for higher ed marketing and enrollment teams, one that often leads to finger pointing. Post-secondary marketing and enrollment offices are not natural adversaries. In fact, they are both working toward the same goal: finding and enrolling students who will find success at their school. So how can leaders of these teams get everyone back on the same side? The answer is in the data. Too often schools do not effectively capture student information, or underuse the data that exists on prospective students. One of most common and egregious examples of underutilization is in placing all students who do not enroll in a broad, default bucket, like the catch-all of "not interested." There are many reasons students may not enroll, and by mining that data, colleges and universities will gain a deeper understanding of why students do not matriculate, and thus be able to hone their marketing efforts to better identify prospects with a greater propensity for not only enrollment but also graduation. Institutions ready to invest in this missed opportunity should take the following steps to improve their enrollment yield.
Find systems synergy
The right tools make it easy to create meaningful categories, dig into data, and tailor marketing campaigns accordingly. The key is having systems that work symbiotically. When an enrollment team employs a technology-based solution with the capabilities to accurately disposition inquiries into meaningful categories and generate impactful reports based on these dispositions, it becomes easier to make data-driven decisions to manage inquiry flow and vendors. The marketing team can then use that information to adjust their campaigns, especially if they employ an inquiry management system that can monitor and manage all aspects of the campaigns, including the quality and performance of multiple inquiry vendors and inquiry sources, in real time. By utilizing complementary systems, both teams can work together and apply the data to optimize campaigns, improving the quality of the inquiry pool.
Remind teams, they're on the same team
Sometimes it can feel like enrollment and marketing teams are working toward mutually exclusive goals, with Marketing looking for new ways to reach more students and Enrollment narrowing its focus to increase student applications. Reminding the two teams that they share a mission to find the students whose needs will be best-served by their school is a big step in the right direction. The process of finding and enrolling students should be dynamic, with each team providing data from the "field". By accurately defining which channels are providing the best prospects and exactly why students are or are not enrolling, both teams will be able to communicate more effectively and adjust their strategies accordingly.
Dissect the data
Once a supportive system is in place and the groups are working together, marketing and enrollment teams can start focusing on the data.
This is where dispositioning inquiries accurately is critical. Without drilled-down segmenting, it will be nearly impossible to take the next step of looking for trends, patterns and anomalies within the data set. When inquiries are aptly dispositioned, meaningful conclusions can be deduced, such as a disconnect between the marketing message and the enrollment team message.
Closely examining the data can also reveal other trends, including vendor performance and marketing practices or techniques that could be affecting the school's brand message and the prospects' first impression of the school.
In conclusion
By investing in tools and resources to deepen the student recruitment process, colleges and universities can take advantage of missed opportunities.
All of the steps above can help schools reach more and better-qualified students through finely tuned marketing campaigns. Additionally, by delving deeper into the data they can discern the difference between students who are "not interested" overall and those who are "not interested" at that moment but could be ready to enroll in a few months.
Making a distinction such as this one creates a brand new pool of prospective students to cultivate and nurture, and can help identify a more fruitful marketing communication strategy. Finally, by looking through data, schools can not only become more efficient and effective recruiters, but they can also serve their students better.
When marketing and enrollment teams capitalize on existing data and work together, it creates a better overall experience for the prospective student by showcasing a school that is consistent in its approach to serving the needs of that student.


Patient — Collections
Collections allow you to analyze population statistics, study variation, and establish benchmarks across a group of patients. A patient can belong to one or more collections, allowing you to analyze diverse but intersecting cross sections of the patients in your organization. The patient collection tab lists the collections to which the current patient belongs. Use this guide to learn about adding a patient to one or more collections in your organization.
Viewing Patient Collections
When you access a patient, click on the Collections tab to view the patient collections. The main content area is blank and is reserved for future patient collection content. On the left is the collections sidebar, which contains a list of the collections to which the patient belongs. A patient can be added to a collection with or without a representative patient object. If the representative object for a patient collection matches the primary patient object from the patient object hierarchy, it will appear as a standard list item. Otherwise, the collection will appear with a grayed out, italicized style.
Hovering over a grayed out collection allows you to see which patient object belongs to the collection.
The Primary Patient Object from the Patient Hierarchy
On the patient Browse tab, the "primary patient object" (or primary object) is the lowest active object in the patient hierarchy (active objects being those with green checkmarks). For example, in the first image below, the primary patient object is the dose, whereas in the second image, the primary patient object is the plan.
Updating Patient Collections
 1. With the Collections tab activated, press the Edit button at the top of the sidebar.
 2. Use the checkboxes aligned to the right of each row to select the collections to which you wish to add the patient. Note that checkboxes will be shown in the indeterminate state if the primary patient object (see above) does not match the representative entity for the patient in that collection.
 3. Press the Save button.
 4. Once you've read and understood the confirmation message, check the confirmation checkbox, and press the Save button.
Representative Patient Objects
Computed metrics, like those reported on patient and collection scorecards, are derived from a patient's dose. Therefore, it's usually best to use the patient dose as the representative patient object when adding patients to collections.
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Gardening'makes children happy and teaches new skills'
Taking part in gardening can make a child feel happy and boost their development, research suggests.
The study of 1,300 teachers and 10 schools was commissioned by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS).
It found children in schools that encouraged gardening became more resilient, confident and lived healthier lives.
The RHS says school gardening should be used as a key teaching tool, rather than as an extra-curricular activity.
Researchers at the National Foundation for Educational Research carried out the study and found teachers who used gardening as part of learning said it helped improve children's readiness to learn.
They also said it encouraged pupils to become more active in solving problems, as well as boosting literacy and numeracy skills.
The report said: "Fundamental to the success of school gardens in stimulating a love of learning was their ability to translate sometimes dry academic subjects into practical, real world experiences.
End Quote Dr Simon Thornton Wood Royal Horticultural Society
Schools which integrate gardens into the curriculum are developing children who are much more responsive to the challenges of adult life"
"Children were encouraged to get their hands dirty, in every sense. Teachers involved in the research said the result was a more active, inquisitive approach to learning.
"The changeable nature of gardening projects - where anything from the weather to plant disease can affect the outcome - forced children to become more flexible and better able to think on their feet and solve problems."
Researchers also said that exposing small children to insects helped them to overcome their fears, while waiting for crops to grow taught children patience.
And gardening also helped teach about healthy living and healthy eating, with children more willing to try new vegetables if they had grown their own crops, they said.
Dr Simon Thornton Wood, director of science and learning at the RHS, said: "As the new coalition government considers a new approach to the primary curriculum, we hope they acknowledge the striking conclusions of our research and that gardens enable a creative, flexible approach to teaching that has significant benefits.
"Schools which integrate gardens into the curriculum are developing children who are much more responsive to the challenges of adult life."


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Potential Adverse Reactions to benzonatate (benzonatate softgels) may include: Hypersensitivity reactions including bronchospasm, laryngospasm, cardiovascular collapse possibly related to local anesthesia from chewing or sucking the softgel.
GI: constipation; nausea; GI upset.
Dermatologic: pruritus; skin eruptions.
Other: nasal congestion; sensation of burning in the eyes; vague 'chilly' sensation; numbness of the chest; hypersensitivity. Rare instances of deliberate or accidental overdose have resulted in death.


JETO HomeIssue Contents
The small-molecule TNF-a modulator, UTL-5g, reduces side effects induced by cisplatin and enhances the therapeutic effect of cisplatin in vivo
JiaJiu Shaw, Ben Chen, Wen-Hsin Huang, An-Rong Lee, Joseph Media and Frederick A. Valeriote
We investigated a small-molecule modulator of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), UTL-5g (also referred to as GBL-5g), as a potential chemoprotective agent against cisplatin-induced side effects including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity. Pretreatment of UTL-5g i.p. in BDF1 mice reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine induced by cisplatin treatment. The levels of both aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in these animals were also reduced by UTL-5g. Pretreatment of UTL-5g did not significantly affect the number of white blood cells (WBC) under current experimental conditions, yet it markedly increased blood platelet counts by more than threefold. Therapeutic assessment in SCID mice inoculated with human HCT-15 tumor cells showed that UTL-5g did not attenuate the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin but increased the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. The LD50 of UTL-5g was determined to be >2,000 mg/kg by an acute toxicity study. In summary, our studies showed that 1) UTL-5g significantly reduces nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin in mice, presumably by lowering the levels of TNF-α, 2) UTL-5g markedly increased blood platelet counts in mice and 3) UTL-5g treatment increased the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin against HCT-15 cells inoculated in SCID mice.
Keywords: chemoprotective agent, cisplatin, side effects, therapeutic effect, TNF-α
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district salt bombay
KOLABA, a district of the Bombay Presidency, India, lying between 17° 52' and 18° 50' N. lat., and between 73° 7' and 73° 42' E. long. It is bounded on the N. by Bombay harbour and Thana district, on the E. by Poona and Shthra, on the S. by Ratnhgiri and Janjira state, and on the W. by the Arabian Sea. Lying between the S diyadri range and the sea, Kolaba district abounds in hills, some being spurs of considerable regularity and height, running at right angles to the main range, whilst others are isolated peaks or lofty detached ridges. The sea frontage, of about 20 miles, is throughout the greater part of its length fringed by a belt of cocoa-nut and betel-nut palms. Behind this belt lies a stretch of flat country devoted to rice cultivation. In many places along the banks of the salt-water creeks there are extensive tracts of salt marsh land, some of them reclaimed, some still subject to tidal inundation, and others set apart for the manufacture of salt. The district is traversed by a few small streams. Tidal inlets, of which the principal are the Nagothna on the north, the Rolm. or Ghaul in the west, and the Bankot creek in the south, run inland for 30 or 40 miles, forming highways for a brisk trade in rice, salt, firewood, and dried fish. Near the coast especially, the district is well supplied with reservoirs. The Sahyadri range has two remarkable peaks, - Paligarli, where Sivaji built his capital, and Miradongar. There are extensive teak and black wool forests, of which the value is increased by their proximity to Bombay. The Kolaba teak has been pronounced the best grown in the Concan, and inferior only to that of Calicut. In 1875-76 the forest revenue amounted to £3634. Tigers and leopards are found all over the district, and bears on the Sahyadri range. Hyenas and jackals abound. Bison, scitriblutr, and cheetah have been shot, but are very rare.
Kolaba district, with the exception of Alibagh subdivision, formed part of the dominions of the peshwa, annexed by the Bombay Government in 1818. Alibagh lapsed to the paramount power in 1839.
The population in 1872 was 350,405 - Hindus, 330,914 ; Mohammedans, 17,194 ; Parsis, 25 ; Jews, 1940 ; and Christians, 208. Of the Hindus the most important class are the Brahmans, who own large gardens and palm groves along the coast. Another important class are the Bhandaras, or toddy-drawers and cocoa-nut cultivators. The Beni-Israel (see vol. xiii. p. 685) are chiefly found in the seaboard tracts. A considerable number of them enlist in the native army, and are highly esteemed as soldiers. They also monopolize the work of oil-pressing to so great an extent that they are generally known as oilmen or tc/is. The total area of Government cultivable land in 1876-77 was returned at 468,646 acres, of which upwards of 93 per cent. was taken up for cultivation. Rice forms the staple produce, and is the chief export of the district. The inferior grains are nachni (Eleusisme coracana), wari (Paniewin miliaceum), and harik (Paspabini frumentaceunt); and these form the chief food supply of the people. The estimated value of the exports (rice, salt, timber, vegetables, and fruit) is £438,249; of the imports (grain, piece goods, oil, butter, and sugar), £170,816. The local industries are salt manufacture and silk-weaving. The total imperial, local, and municipal revenue in 1876-77 was £106,893, of which £72,462 was contributed by the land tax. There are seventy-one Government or aided schools attended by 3644 pupils. The average annual rainfall is 75 inches. The chief town of the district is Alibagh.


assassin's creed 3 pc game free download
Assassin's Creed 3 is set in an open world and presented from the third person perspective with a primary focus on using Desmond and Connor's combat and stealth abilities to eliminate targets and explore the environment. Connor is able to freely explore 18th century Boston, New York and the American frontier to complete side missions away from the primary storyline. The game also features a multiplayer component, allowing players to compete online to complete solo and team based objectives including assassinations and evading pursuers. Ubisoft developed a new game engine, Anvil Next, for the game.
The game follows the series' standard level-based gameplay during the 21st century, as well as the open world gameplay set in 18th century colonial America, in which the player has access to a huge wilderness known as the Frontier (which is 1.5 times bigger than Rome in Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood),the cities of Boston and New York as well as portions of the Eastern Seaboard and Caribbean Sea can be explored via the flagship of the Assassin's Navy, the Aquila., captained by Connor himself, with Robert Faulkner his first-mate advising and teaching him in the ways of the sea.
Free running has been simplified to allow for more fluid parkour in the cities and wilderness, such as climbing and running on trees, mountains, cliffs,etc. Close combat has been modified, allowing Connor to dual wield weapons and take down multiple opponents at once and players no longer need to manage the lock on mechanic.Aiding this, Connor has access to a wide range of weapons which include muskets, pistols, native weapons such as the tomahawk and bow/arrows, a rope dart (used to pull foes or hang them, while on a tree) as well as the Hidden blades. Human shields can be used against firing lines of enemies. Medicine is no longer used as health recovers automatically. Stealth is also revamped, allowing players to use natural elements such as tall grass and trees to hide, along with the ability to blend between any two people.
Assassin's Creed III features new weather simulations such as snow, fog, and rain. The seasons can also change i.e., Summer and Winter, which not only effect visuals but also gameplay, as the player will find running slower in deep snow. Snowfall can reduce visibility for the player and enemies, aiding stealth. Unlike the past games, this one includes animals varying from domestic (horses, cows, dogs) to wild (deer, wolves, bears). The wild ones are found in the Frontier, and can be hunted for meat or marrow in order to be sold. The quality of the kill determines the price, encouraging the player to hunt silently. For this, traps and bait can also be used.
Economy is now based on the Davenport Homestead, which also acts as Connor's adopted home. The site can be visited by people such as carpenters, tailors etc. suffering from displacement due to the war. Helping and interacting with these NPCs will encourage them to settle in the Homestead. From there on, the player can craft various items and trade with them, and then sell the goods to the cities via caravan. The player can also help them build relationships with each other, which will then result in the formation of a small village. The player can also upgrade the Homestead manor as well as Connor's ship, the Aquila.
A revamped version of Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood's recruitment feature returns as players can enlist citizens to the Assassins' cause by completing "Liberation" missions. They also have a much larger skill set, which allows them to start a riot, provide a covert escort, act a as a personal bodyguard etc. Other side missions include collecting Almanac pages, exploring underground tunnels to locate fast-travel stations, joining hunting and fighting clubs, investigating frontiersman rumours about UFOs and Sasquatch, "peg-leg" missions in which Connor goes to underground forts and wastelands to uncover the legend of Captain Kidd's treasure, and others.
Assassin's Creed 3 also features naval expeditions. Using Connor's warship, the Aquila, the player can navigate the high seas. Control of the ship relies on environmental factors such as wind direction and speed, local presence of storms, high waves, and rocks. Engagements are by cannon, with broadsides covering both flanks of the ship, and swivel guns that can be used to damage smaller ships which can also be boarded to find treasure. The Aquila is used in the side missions known as "Privateer missions" and is also used in some of the main missions.
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text:
In Italian, "fa presto" literally means "make quickly." It became a painting term when the father of Luca Giordano (_PHONE_) urged his son to speed up his studies.
The term became a nickname for Giordano, and more broadly, a byword among baroque painters like Tintoretto (self portrait, below) who were seeking a more spontaneous handling.
In a fa presto technique, the composition is established quickly over an earth-toned ground with no preliminary drawing. The paint is laid on thinly in the darker areas and broadly and generously in the lights.


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У бібліотеці 1 примірник.
How Languages Are Learned (Як вивчаються мови)
Автори Patsy M. Lightbown, Nina Spada
Для зареєстрованих читачів – замовити книгу.
This series is designed to provide a source of reference for both language teachers and teacher trainers. Each title is intended to serve both as a basis for courses and seminars, and as a longer-term reference text for the working teacher's bookshelf.
How Languages are Learned third edition
This is a thoroughly updated edition of this prize-winning, readable introduction to the main theories of first and second language acquisition.
– Relates theories of first and second language acquisition to classroom methodology and practice
– Discusses practical implications for the classroom, using activities and projects
New for this edition:
– Explores recent theories such as skill learning, connectionism, and the 'noticing hypothesis'
– Includes more on current theories of first language acquisition and early bilingualism, and factors affecting learning such as motivation and learning styles
– Includes a greater variety of ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds in a fully revised classroom learning section
PATSY LIGHTBOWN is Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Applied Linguistics at Concordia University, Montreal.
NINA SPADA is Professor in the Department of Curriculum Teaching and Learning, Modern Language Centre, OISE/University of Toronto.
Reviews of previous editions:
'A sensible book mercifully free of jargon.'
Panel of judges, Duke of Edinburgh Book Competition
'How Languages are Learned is an absolute "must have" for every teachers' room, and I would go so far as to say, if a teacher reads only one ELT book in the next six months, this should be the one'.
ELT News, Japan


d00ds, we could always do this in the sci-fi stories …
'Pulp-Based Computing' Makes Normal Paper Smart
New Scientist (09/19/07) Inman, Mason
MIT researchers are developing technology that could be used to make paper embedded with wires, sensors, and computer chips, creating "pulp-based" computing. MIT researchers, working with colleagues at Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, are blending traditional paper-making techniques with electronic components.
MIT researcher Marcelo Coelho says paper-making is an ancient process, but the ability to make paper responsive and interactive has only recently become available. The team first produces a layer of paper pulp and adds wires or conductive ink before adding another layer of pulp and pressing and drying, embedding the electronics in the paper. The electronics in the paper can create paper with speakers or touch sensors.
Making paper with two layers of conductive ink allows the paper to sense when it is being bent, which could be used to add sounds to books, creating a more interactive form of story telling. This technique could also be used to make cardboard boxes that can sense how much weight is inside them by measuring the stress on their walls.
"Paper-based computation is an expression of one future area for electronics–flexible and stretchable circuits," says Jean-Baptiste Labrune of the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay, France. "This means that we could think about computational objects without the traditional limits of electronics."


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The most common biomechanical explanation for the chin is that it acts as a buttress against masticatory stress. However, recent evidence suggests that this hypothesis is unlikely [...] More recently Ichim et al. (2007) have suggested that speech production is associated with mechanical stresses acting on the mandibular symphysis due to tongue and orofacial muscle activity. Thus, they argue that the chin is an adaptive response to resist stresses caused by oblique contractions of the genioglossus muscles during speech. Computer simulations provide results that are consistent with the orofacial stress hypothesis (Ichim et al., 2007), but this hypothesis has yet to be fully tested.
A less well-established adaptive hypothesis, but one worth considering, is that chin shape variation is a consequence of sexual selection (e.g., Hershkovitz, 1970). Psychological studies of facial attractiveness suggest that a ''broad chin'' in males is correlated with social dominance, which some females may prefer in a potential mate
Our study provides the first quantitative evidence of sexual dimorphism in chin shape among a geographically diverse sample of modern humans. The presence of sexual dimorphism appears to refute mechanical explanations of the chin that preclude sexual dimorphism, such as the masticatory and orofacial stress hypotheses (e.g. Daegling, 1993; Ichim et al., 2007).
While the presence of sexual dimorphism is consistent with the hypothesis that sexual selection influences variation in chin shape, the degree of overlap between males and females requires further explanation. It is safe to say that the male chin pales in comparison to the more exaggerated ornaments found in other animals, such as the large and colorful tail of the peacock (Pavo cristatus) (Petrie, 1991). The modest contrasts in male and female chin shape indicated by our data (see Fig. 4) do not seem to fit a runaway process of selection driven by female choice (Fisher, 1958). We suggest there are at least two possible explanations for this pattern.
One hypothesis for why male chin shape is not more exaggerated is that some females may avoid mating with extremely aggressive males
Second, the large amount of overlap in male and female chin shape may be due to regional differences inchin shape dimorphism (see Fig. 6). Regional differencesin the level of dimorphism would tend to inflate within-sex variance in the pooled human sample, thereby reducingthe probability of finding between-sex differences.
Sexual dimorphism in chin shape: Implications for adaptive hypotheses
Zaneta M. Thayer, Seth D. Dobson
The chin, or mentum osseum, is one of the most distinctive anatomical traits of modern humans. A variety of hypotheses for the adaptive value of the chin have been proposed, ranging from mechanical stress resistance to sexual selection via mate choice. While the sexual selection hypothesis predicts dimorphism in chin shape, most biomechanical hypotheses preclude it. Therefore determining the presence or absence of significant sexual dimorphism in chin shape provides a useful method for differentiating between various adaptive hypotheses; however, this has yet to be done due to a lack of quantitative data on chin shape. The goals of this study are therefore: (1) to introduce a new method for quantifying chin shape and (2) to determine the presence or absence of sexual dimorphism in chin shape in a diverse sample of modern humans. Samples were drawn from recent human skeletal collections representing nine geographic regions. Outlines of mentum osseum contours were quantified using elliptical Fourier function analysis (EFFA). Fourier coefficients were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA). Sexual dimorphism in chin shape was assessed using PC loadings in the pooled geographic sample, and statistically significant differences were found. These findings provide the first quantitative, morphologically based evidence in support of adaptive hypotheses that predict dimorphism in chin shape, including the sexual selection hypothesis.


text:
Toon Boom Animate 3 is the ideal software for paperless, frame-by-frame animation. Learn to Animate in no time. Benefit from the robust, Emmy Award-winning code base, and achieve professional quality output. Whether you're creating animation for the web, commercials, shorts, or games, own your creativity with a solution made just for you.
Toon Boom Animate 3 New and Improved Features:
- NEW: Brush lines with texture for doing rough drawings
- NEW: Pencil lines with variable thickness and texture support for nice, clean lines
- NEW: Save presets of tools you reuse often to streamline your workflow
- NEW: Shift and Trace allows you to temporarily overlap drawings for easy in-betweening
- IMPROVED: Xsheet with Annotation columns to keep notes and organize animation
- IMPROVED: Live sync of Xsheet and Timeline
- IMPROVED: Paint multiple frames quickly and easily using advanced paint options
- NEW: Ink tool for inking coloured pencil lines
New Tools in Toon Boom Animate 3:
- Draw directly in the software with a pencil line that supports pressure sensitivity.
- Modify the position, length, or thickness information on a line after you draw it.
- Copy and paste the style from one line to another, or apply the style across hundreds of drawings.
- Incorporate texture on your lines for cool effects like charcoal, chalk, and many more.
- Import your own textures from Photoshop and apply them to the line style.
- Draw directly in the software with texture brushes.
- Simulate that pencil-on-paper feel for rough drawings.
- Take advantage of the new 64-bit core technology.
- Use as much memory as your machine allows.
- Import images without memory limitations.
- Export hi-res images and movies for professional results.
Tool Presets Toolbar
- Save tool properties that you frequently use.
- Quickly jump to brushes, pencils, paint buckets, and other tools.
- Save the colour along with the properties of the tool.
- Use your own custom icon on the toolbar if desired.
- Autosave, specifying the time interval.
- New user interface for Brush and Pencil tool properties.
- Ability to drag and drop keyframes, drawings, or both on the Timeline.
- Improvements to the Annotation columns in the Xsheet to sketch notes.
- Ability to export different resolutions directly from Export Movie.
- Performance enhancements.
- …and more!


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When this book first appeared in 1972, Karsten, a former naval officer, was taken to task for its portrayal of the Naval Academy and the officer corps. Although his conclusions riled more than a few senior officers, no one denied the significance of the study, and it was named Best Book of the Year by Phi Alpha Theta, the national history honorary society. The work focuses on the period after the Civil War when the United States emerged as a power to be reckoned with and its navy developed into a professional fighting force. This revelatory portrait of the officer corps in the late 19th and early 20th centuries has remained an important reference work for more than thirty-five years. This new edition includes a new preface and foreword.
Peter Karsten is a professor of history at the University of Pittsburgh and the author of many books, including the three-volume Encyclopedia on War and American Society.


text:
Determinants of patient satisfaction in outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy: a systematic, qualitative meta-summary, and meta-synthesis
- Additional Document Info
- View All
Purpose: To identify and synthesise patient-identified factors that influence satisfaction with outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy (O-MSK).Methods: A systematic, qualitative meta-summary and meta-synthesis was conducted by accessing six electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library, from inception to March 2017. Additional studies were identified by using a "berry-picking" method. Search limits were: primary studies; English language; and involving human subjects. Qualitative peer-reviewed articles describing patient satisfaction in O-MSK were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers critically appraised eligible studies independently using the critical appraisal of skills programme tool for qualitative studies. Extracted verbatim data of included studies were synthesised using the meta-summary and meta-synthesis by using a purpose-designed form.Results: Eleven studies were included in the article. Factors influencing patient satisfaction were grouped into six broad themes: 1) clinical outcomes; 2) physiotherapist features; 3) patient features; 4) physiotherapist-patient relationship; 5) treatment features, and 6) healthcare setting features.Conclusions: These findings suggest that patient satisfaction in O-MSK is a multidimensional construct influenced by individual patient/provider, clinical, and contextual factors. Future reviews should include a synthesis of findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies to establish a fully comprehensive understanding of this complex health phenomenon.Implications for rehabilitationPatient satisfaction in outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy is affected by different factors, thus reflecting a multidimensional construct;Single determinants are not sufficient to affect patient satisfaction;Patient satisfaction is influenced individual patient/provider, clinical outcomes, and contextual factors;Further studies should be designed to investigate the relationships among these factors.
has subject area


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 These test methods cover tests to determine the pull strength of a series of wire bonds. Instructions are provided to modify the methods for use as a referee method. The methods can be used for wire bonds made with wire having a diameter of from 0.0007 to 0.003 in. (18 to 76 μm).
Note 1: Common usage at the present time considers the term "wire bond" to include the entire interconnection: both welds and the intervening wire span.
1.2 These test methods can be used only when the loop height of the wire bond is large enough to allow a suitable hook for pulling (see ) to be placed under the wire.
FIG. 1 Suggested Configuration for a Pulling Hook
1.3 The precision of these methods has been evaluated for aluminum ultra-sonic wedge bonds; however, these methods can be used for gold and copper wedge or ball bonds.
1.4 These methods are destructive. They are appropriate for use in process development or, with a proper sampling plan, for process control or quality assurance.
1.5 A nondestructive procedure is described in Practice.
1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Test Methods for Measuring Pull Strength of Microelectronic Wire Bonds|
|Engelse titel||Standard Test Methods for Measuring Pull Strength of Microelectronic Wire Bonds|


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Oberon Carter and Neville Walsh
Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment, November 2006
ISBN 1 74152 342 7
About the plan
The Concave Pomaderris Pomaderris subplicata is listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and Threatened under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The species is endemic to north-eastern Victoria, where there are only two wild populations containing about 220 plants. Major threats to populations include weed invasion, grazing and lack of regeneration, and accidental damage.
This national Recovery Plan for P. subplicata details the species' distribution and biology, conservation status, threats, and recovery objectives and actions necessary to ensure its long-term survival.


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Random positive definite matrix
How can I get a random positive definite (or positive semi definite) matrix of given order? I know that there is a inbuilt function random_matrix with an additional feature algorithm to set with it. But there we can get some special matrices like 'echelon_form', 'orthogonal' ', 'echelonizable', 'diagonalizable'.... but positive definite command is not in built there. Some other important matrix classes are not there. So how to obtain random matrix of those classes?


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10th Canadian Field Hospital
The third Canadian contingent was the only one to take a field hospital with it to South Africa. The 10th Canadian Field Hospital (10 CFH), which departed Canada in January 1902, was quite small, numbering only 61 all ranks and 29 horses. It was organized into a hospital staff of five officers, a ward section of 35 other ranks, and a transport section of 21 other ranks to pick up and transport the wounded. The hospital was based on British practice with Canadian innovations, including improved tenting, ambulances, water trailers, and an acetylene gas lighting system. Many among the members of 10 CFH were veterans of previous tours in South Africa.
In South Africa a section of the unit accompanied the 2nd Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles into the western Transvaal. The remainder moved to Vaalbank, 60 kilometres away on the Lichtenberg blockhouse line. Here it received sick and wounded from the columns operating in the area. This section of 10 CFH remained at Vaalbank until 18 June 1902 during which time it treated over a thousand patients, British, Boer and Black South African. 10 CFH ambulances evacuated patients for longer-term care to Klerksdorp. By all accounts, the 10th Canadian Field Hospital provided outstanding medical services during its stint in South Africa.


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Adults with type 2 diabetes who are diagnosed with an anxiety disorder visit the hospital emergency department more frequently and spend more on hospitalization than those without such diagnoses, according to findings published in Diabetes Care.
"Anxiety disorders are serious. They cause extreme distress and harm people's abilities to live fulfilling lives," Esti Iturralde, PhD, a mental health researcher in the division of research at Kaiser Permanente Northern California in Oakland, told Endocrine Today. "Doctors who treat diabetes might miss the importance of anxiety disorders because these patients often do not appear 'sicker' in a medical sense—but we found that anxiety disorders contribute to problematic health care use that exposes patients to unnecessary medical risks and impacts the whole health care system."
Iturralde and colleagues searched for diagnoses of anxiety disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder, PTSD and agoraphobia along with diagnoses of depression in electronic health records of 143,573 adults (mean age, 64 years; 48.1% women) with type 2 diabetes who were members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2008 to 2012. A database provided information on ED visit frequency and hospitalization costs in 2012. The researchers defined chronic visitation as three ED visits in each of the previous 3 years.
An anxiety disorder was diagnosed in 12.9% of the study population and 52.9% of those with an anxiety disorder were diagnosed with depression, according to the researchers. Of those with an anxiety disorder, 35.2% visited the ED at least once vs. 23.6% of those without an anxiety disorder (P.001). The rate at which a participant with anxiety would visit the ED was 27% higher compared with those without anxiety (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.21-1.34), according to the researchers, who added that the rate at which a participant with depression would visit the ED was 13% higher vs. the rate for a participant without depression (IRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09-1.18).
Chronic visitation was reported in 1.5% of those with anxiety disorders compared with 0.2% of those without such conditions (P.001), with the researchers noting that the risk for chronic visitation was more than double for those with anxiety (OR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.9-3.44) and 1.66 times higher for those with depression (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.29-2.14). Iturralde added that "anxiety disorder was associated with 255% higher odds of visiting the emergency department multiple times a year for multiple years in a row."
Individuals with anxiety disorders spent an average of $5,790.45 on hospitalization in 2012 while those without such conditions spent an average of $4,105.89 (P.001). According to the researchers, being among the top 20% of spenders in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system was 29% more likely for those with anxiety (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.23-1.36) or depression (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.24-1.34).
"Anxiety causes physiological symptoms that resemble physical symptoms in diabetes — so it may cause people to overtreat or undertreat their diabetes condition. Anxiety also causes people to engage in unhelpful behaviors, such as avoiding daily diabetes management tasks, or becoming 'burned out' through excessive worrying or even checking their blood sugars too often," Iturralde said. "Therefore, because the two problems are so intertwined, it makes sense for anxiety treatment to be integrated more closely with diabetes treatment." – by Phil Neuffer
For more information:
Esti Iturralde, PhD, can be reached at _EMAIL_.
Disclosures: The authors report no relevant financial disclosures.


Did Jesus Have Long Hair?
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After all, that's the way they've always seen Him portrayed in every painting, drawing or movie. That's the only Jesus they've ever seen. But are those depictions accurate?
The fact is, we don't know what Jesus looked like, because the first depictions of Him weren't done until hundreds of years later. Thus every image we've ever seen of Him is based solely on artists' imaginations.
While we don't know what Jesus looked like, we do know that He didn't look like the common depictions of Him with long hair. After all, this same Jesus inspired the apostle Paul to write in 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:14Does not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame to him?
American King James Version×
In addition to this instruction regarding long hair on men, the Bible also contains circumstantial evidence that Jesus didn't have long hair.
Perhaps the most telling is that when Judas betrayed Jesus, he had to identify Jesus by a kiss. That was the prearranged signal Judas had given so that the guards could identify Jesus. Why did Judas have to do that? Because Jesus looked just like any average man of His day, and they wouldn't have been able to identify Him if Judas hadn't betrayed Him with a kiss.
This incident shows us that Jesus looked like any ordinary, average Jew of His day; there was nothing distinguishing about Him. The messianic prophecy of Isaiah 53:2 Isaiah 53:2For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he has no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him.
American King James Version×
(NIV) says of Him: "He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him, nothing in his appearance that we should desire him."
The Gospels tell us that on at least two occasions Jesus slipped away into the crowds when people were trying to kill Him (Luke 4:30 Luke 4:30But he passing through the middle of them went his way,
American King James Version×
; John 8:59 John 8:59Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the middle of them, and so passed by.
American King James Version×
). He was able to escape harm because He was simply an average-looking man of His day and blended in with the other people around Him.
A Feb. 24, 2004, Associated Press article reports: "'Jesus didn't have long hair,' said physical anthropologist Joe Zias, who has studied hundreds of skeletons found in archaeological digs in Jerusalem. 'Jewish men back in antiquity did not have long hair.' 'The Jewish texts ridiculed long hair as something Roman or Greek,' said New York University's Lawrence Schiffman" ("Jesus Scholars Find Fault in Gibson's 'Passion'"). However, it wasn't at all typical among even the Greeks and Romans, as plenty of statues and coins from the time attest.
"Along with extensive writings from the period, experts also point to a frieze on Rome's Arch of Titus, erected after Jerusalem was captured in AD 70 to celebrate the victory, which shows Jewish men with short hair taken into captivity" (ibid.).
Jesus wasn't the tender, effeminate man with a somewhat angelic appearance as commonly depicted in paintings. He was a carpenter, a builder, a man who knew the construction trade. He knew how to cut down trees and make wooden beams, to haul rocks to build walls, to construct buildings from stone and timber.
The Gospels make it clear that He spent a lot of time outdoors. He hung out with fishermen, the kind of characters who would never respect and look up to a weakling. Yet Jesus had 12 disciples who followed Him everywhere He went and who in time died for Him. They knew Him as a real man, not the fabrication we see in so many paintings.
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How Long Does Extenze Male Inhancer Stay Present In The Body
How Long Does Extenze Male Inhancer Stay Present In The Body
How Long Does Extenze Male Inhancer Stay Present In The BodyHow Long Does Extenze Male Inhancer Stay Present In The Body
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text:
15 Intercultural dialogue
Intercultural dialogue is a process that comprises an open and respectful exchange or interaction between individuals, groups and organizations with different cultural backgrounds or views. Young people everywhere have their own understanding of the world but in working together with other young people from different cultural backgrounds, it is important to be open-minded in order to understand and appreciate different ways of achieving a greater version of objectives.
It is also important to know that when young people do not welcome and value views of their peers with different backgrounds, it could be perceived that their contributions are not good enough and therefore ideas and suggestions may be withheld. This will reduce active participation and make the collaboration a one-sided affair, but remember that in working together, there must be equality and creativity to enhance the partnership!
There are many challenges young people face in trying to collaborate with others from different backgrounds. Common among them are Language barriers, differences in economic and political situation of their various countries, gap between technological advancement of the different countries, socio-cultural lifestyle of the different young people and concern for environment with respect to sustainable development.
These challenges may lead to difficulties such as confusion because of misunderstanding of the others background, gender discrimination (may be because of how females are discriminated against traditionally), being biased because of religion or tribe, nepotism based on ethnic background, lack of knowledge and expertise due to little or no education, resistance to change or adjust due to norms of tradition and conflict with leadership styles.
A very concrete approach to strengthen intercultural communication will be to organize intercultural youth camps and workshops with activities aimed at building communication skills and earning respect for each other's culture. These meetings must be frequently organized before, during and after the project collaborations and it is important to evaluate how participants deal with cross cultural issues after participating in such programs. Young people can express, explain and help live their way of life when they try to accommodate themselves at such meetings. It is important that people open up and frankly educate others about their backgrounds whiles learning about others. A further step could be taken to have young people do exchange travels where they actually live the cultural change, go through cultural shocks and emerge with appreciation of that culture.
Intercultural communication skills need to be built to help reduce and eliminate barriers and limitations in intercultural dialogue and collaborations. Basic communication skills are used by all cultures in diverse ways. It is good to start by positively receiving cross cultural knowledge by familiarization with cultural characteristics, values, beliefs and behaviours and then learn to change or adjust your behavior by being open-minded and tolerant. By doing this, you become sensitive to the different culture and attach the right meaning and action to different cultural situations. Building these skills make one easily integrate with others and effectively work together for much more greater results.