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Projects & Facilities
About The Database
Programs & Activities
of the Interior
The Fort Sumner Project area was developed by private interests in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and then reconstructed and rehabilitated by the Bureau of Reclamation in the early 1950's. Fort Sumner provides irrigation water for about 6,500 acres within the Fort Sumner Irrigation District, northeast of the Pecos River immediately south of the town of Fort Sumner, New Mexico.
Principal structures are the Fort Sumner Diversion Dam and Ft. Sumner Pumping Plant, the Main and High Line Canals, and several large drains.
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The rehabilitation plan was designed to provide security for the project area and to utilize its land and water resources to the greatest practical extent. The irrigated area was increased to 6,500 acres by improving drainage and by more efficiently distributing the district's adjudicated water.
The Fort Sumner Irrigation District holds a senior water right for not more than 100 cubic feet per second from the natural flow of the Pecos River. The district's water passes through Sumner Dam and Lake Sumner, formerly Alamogordo Dam and Reservoir, constructed on the Pecos River in 1937 to store water for the Carlsbad Irrigation District. Water is released from the reservoir to the district in amounts equal to the reservoir inflow, but not exceeding 100 cubic feet per second.
Water diverted from Pecos River by the Fort Sumner Diversion Dam, approximately 3 miles north of Fort Sumner, is carried to the land through a main canal and distribution system which was rehabilitated and enlarged by Reclamation.
The dam is a concrete gravity-type with an overflow weir, designed to raise the water surface 11 feet. The overflow section is 650 feet long. The dam is 150 feet downstream from the remnants of a damaged diversion dam that it replaces. The dam also has 2 sluice radial gates and canal headworks structures.
The Main Canal is over 16 miles long and has an initial capacity of 100 cubic feet per second. The High Line Canal is over 8 miles long and has a capacity of 20 cubic feet per second. The pumping plant was constructed at the northwest limit of Fort Sumner to lift 20 cubic feet per second of water from the Main Canal and deliver it to the rehabilitated High Line Canal. In addition, the Fort Sumner Irrigation District has installed a small pumping plant near the southern end of the project which lifts drainage return flows back into the lateral system.
The project is maintained and operated by the Fort Sumner Irrigation District.
Irrigation was begun in 1863 in the valley of the Pecos River near old Fort Sumner, established in 1862. The first irrigators were the Apache and Navajo Indians, held in captivity by United States troops under the command of Kit Carson. In spite of efforts to farm the land, hardships suffered by the Indians were so great that the irrigation experiment on almost 3,000 acres was abandoned in 1868.
The Fort Sumner Land and Canal Co. was formed in 1906 and development of an irrigation system was initiated. The system was sold to the Fort Sumner Irrigation District in 1919. The district had recurring financial and operating difficulties. By 1943, indebtedness was so great and the project works so unstable that further rehabilitation work appeared to be virtually impossible by private financing and construction, and the water users appealed to the Bureau of Reclamation for assistance.
Investigations by Reclamation resulted in the plan for rehabilitating Fort Sumner Irrigation Project that was approved by the Secretary of the Interior on March 13, 1947.
The President approved a congressional act on July 29, 1949 (Public Law 192, 81st Congress, 1st session, 63 Stat. 483), authorizing the project.
Reconstruction was started in January 1950 and was essentially complete in the spring of 1951.
About 6,100 acres are now in irrigation rotation on 242 individual farms. Principal crops produced are alfalfa, corn, grain sorghum, vegetables, apples, and grapes.


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The Wayfinder can be shown in either landscape or portrait mode. In most cases, it will automatically detect the orientation of the device and adapt the Wayfinder to the current orientation. There are a couple of devices where the orientation needs to be set in order to let GoBright now the correct orientation.
Change the device orientation
In order to change the settings on the device, we'll need to exit kiosk mode using the three magic swipe movements and the pincode within the Wayfinder display profile. When the settings on the device can be accessed navigate through the following menus and options:
- Go to the Settings
- Select the Display option
Depending on the device there are a couple of different options here, we'll cover the most general ones:
- When device is rotated:
This defaults to 'Rotate the contents of the screen' but can be set to the current orientation using the 'Stay in current orientation option'
This defaults to 'Auto' / 'Automatically' / 'Auto-detect' or something that is similar to one of these. The other options are 'landscape' / 'portrait' / 'landscape-flipped' / 'portrait-flipped' which can be set to the correct orientation.
There are likely other options which are named differently than the ones here, consult the manual of the device if you need further support with the orientation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Culture and history
A brief historical narration of the British Moba (Bimoba) people and their culture.
According to research findings by J.J Meij and others in 2007, the exact origin of Bimobas is not well defined. However, all sources and oral history stated that they originated from east and west Africa, particularly from Burkina Faso towards the end of Shilluk reign, 1500 AD in the 16th century. Up to now, there is no precise and actual time when this happened.
So, the Bimobas travelled south from Fada Ngourma in Burkina Faso and then were driven north by the Mamprusis and Dagombas using Chokosi armed force, to the part of the country that they now inhabit. Drawing insights from writers of this oral history, it has been established that the Bimoba tribe or ethnic group is a mixture of diverse minor groups such as the (Bims, Moba, Daggams2 or Moba, Basaalis, Gurmas, and Konkomba). And within these groups, there is a clear differentiation of clans.
The Moba people, closely linked to the Bimoba on the other hand, journeyed from Sudan to the west of Africa and it is evident that some clans of the Bimoba (the Naniik, Kpikpira and Nabakib clans) were sub-groups of the Moba. Migrating from such area, they all stayed along the direction from Sudan to Ghana. Accordingly," the Bimobas settled at the end of the line and claim that they have migrated from Sudan separately and seem to originate from nomad traders. Some other clans (Tambiouk, Maab, Bakpang and Tont) came, according to oral history, from the area that is presently known as south Togo and the Southern regions of Ghana (Ashanti and Dagomba land). Although the Moba has some form of tribe structure, there is no such structure in the Bimoba group. They belong to the acephalous tribes".
Located in the North-eastern part of Ghana, the Bimoba (British Moba) people are the close relatives of the people in Togo (Moba people). Those in Ghana are called Bimoba, and those in Togo are the Moba people. Sources indicate that Bimobas belong to the Gur speaking ethnic group and these Gur languages (Central Gur) belong to the Niger-Congo language group. Approximately over 70 languages belong to this group, and it is spoken in countries within Sahelian and Savannah regions of West Africa such as; in Burkina Faso, Southern Mali, North-eastern Ivory Coast, Northern halves of Ghana and Togo, and North-western Niger. Despite their large numbers, the Bimoba people are the fragmented ethnic group in West Africa, because wars and conquest affected them badly. This clarifies why they are dispersed in Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali.
 "At that time, they were effectively occupying their present homeland, the British and Germans were also extending their spheres of influence. The Bimoba were in the neutral zone established by the colonial powers in 1888; the Anglo-German convention of 1899 finally drew the international border to the west of their territory, placing the Moba under German rule". Though, after World War I, Britain and France separated former German Togo between them and established the present border which shares between Ghana and Togo.). Further narratives suggest that the Moba were split into French and British areas, and those in the British territory were called British Moba or "B" Moba, hence the form of the word Bimoba in Ghana. Bimoba people in Burkina Faso call themselves Fada-Gurma, those in Togo preferred to be called Moba or Moab and those in Ghana Bimoba (British Mobas).
Bimobas are hardworking, friendly and very passionate people. Through hard work and long-term dedication to personal development, the majority of them are Settled in different parts of Ghana working and making considerable contributions to the growth and development of Ghana. Bimoba people didn't have any form of festival until the revival of the Danjaur festival which aimed to be used as an avenue for promoting peace and development in the area. Among events during this festival include drumming, music, and dance. This brings together all Bimobas from far and near. Aside from this festival, there are different passages of life such as Funerals, Konnt, weddings etc.
The people hold funerals of older persons in great style mostly during the dry season. When a person dies, especially an elderly, the funeral performance is usually postponed until a season when family and close relatives are available to attend such rite. Funerals are very important to my people. Family or societal ties are strengthened at the funeral grounds. People who have not travelled home for a long time will be compelled to go for such funerals. The celebration of funerals affords communities with the opportunity to mobilize the people for family and communal development discussions.
Bimoba dance
Konnt is a ritual which my people used to perform in the past (hardly performed now). This ritual was seen and perceived as "holy and secret". During the process of initiation, the persons are prepared and sent to an isolation area (three months for a man and four months for a woman). After this whole process, the person is given a name such as Konjit, Konduuk, Dinwaak, Tanjon et al. for women, and Laar, Duut, Kombat, Konbian, Lambon, Bombom, and Konlan for men. Now I guess you know the meaning of my surname KONLAN. It merely refers to a person who had undergone the Konnt initiation ritual. And the exciting thing is that this person can speak a secret language when they finally come out from the isolation. Interestingly, some women were forced to go through this rite, especially when you are given out for marriage and you refuse. After coming out, you will freely accept the same man you were refusing. I really hope I could understand what happens at the isolation. Men, on the other side, voluntarily decided to go through.
Aside from this, the area is endowed with incredible drinks, healthy and delicious foods, and other delicacies that one may not want to miss out. One of such delicious dishes is Tubaani which is made from either Barbara beans or any other beans. It is very healthy and delicious. The people also eat TZ as the main staples.
Tuubani made from Bambara beans, one of the typical Bimoba traditional dish
Pito is one of the most known traditional drink for my people. Staying there since childhood, I learned how to brew this Pito using sorghum. Pito is used during different occasions such as funerals, weddings, and during other smaller events. Women also brew to sell as a livelihood option. There can never be funeral without Pito. Secondly, during marriage ceremonies, Pito is part of the items sent to the woman's family. Bunkpurugu is the district capital occupied by not only the Bimobas, but also Komkombas, Mamprusis, and other minor groups. The area is gifted with several tourist sites which one will be interested to see upon visiting. Among such places are the "African map" a stone formation of the African map situated in Bunkpurugu town, Nakpanduri scarp formerly the Gambaga escarpment (which shows the prettiness and admiration of nature) then the Nakpanduri Waterfalls, and the Kwame Nkrumah Guest House in Nakpanduri.
Pito, a local drink made from either Sorghum or Millet
From this research, I have learned the meaning of my surname, Konlan (a name given to a man who had gone through the Konnt rituals). I have also gained an idea of why we are called Bimobas (British Mobas, which is out of British colonial influence). And lastly, I know where we originated (Burkina Faso) and our close relatives (those in Togo, the Mobas).
I have never paid close attention to history. Recently, when I started to write about my rural life stories, a close friend randomly asked about my origin and the meaning of my surname Konlan. This was a challenging question. I couldn't answer immediately because I didn't know much; and I didn't want to embarrass myself. So, I decided to research my ancestry. Recently, I have come to learn that the Bimoba/Gurma ethnic group has a rich history. However, no comprehensive historical documentation is currently present. I am hoping to use this piece to elicit more insights from well learned and knowledgeable Bimoba people as well. I hope you enjoy reading it. Please do not hesitate to like, comment and share with others.
featured photo by Kwakudee
51 replies on "A brief historical narration of the British Moba (Bimoba) people and their culture."
Found this from a previous post on a platform. I am not the writer!!
Kwant was basically an occultist practice among the Bimoba people. Members have to go through a complicated ritual for six months of confinement in order to be initiated into the group. It was quite a scary and highly classified secret ceremony where every one except members have to ran for cover if one finds his/herself around the area and time the ceremony were to take place. You dare not be seen around. It did not


How To Find Motivation To Learn Anything Outside of Comfort Zone
One of the best ways that we can make sure that we grow and develop as people is to keep learning as much as we can. Learning teaches us some new knowledge and new skills, and it also keeps our brains alert and active. Learning is great, but sometimes you can lose the motivation to get on and study. This can be all the harder if you learn something outside of your comfort zone or something that you wouldn't usually think to learn.
The important thing to remember when it comes to learning, whether within or outside of your comfort zone, is that motivation is yours to find. But how do you get the motivation to learn?
Here are 10 ways to help you find the motivation to learn anything outside of your comfort zone.
1. Find Out Why You Are Procrastinating
Procrastination is one of the biggest reasons why people don't have the motivation to learn. So, working out why you are procrastinating and putting your learning off is one of the first steps to finding your inspiration.
There are a variety of reasons why you may be placing it on the back burner. Here are some examples:
 - You are worried that you are going to fail.
 - You are finding the learning boring.
 - You are waiting for the perfect time to start.
 - You are feeling overwhelmed.
 - You are not sure where to start.
Once you know the reasons why you lack motivation, you can start to work on fixing it and getting back out there.
2. Find Out Why You Are Doing It
As well as finding out the reasons why you keep procrastinating when it comes to your learning, you also need to remind yourself why you are doing it in the first place. Having this end goal in mind can be all the motivation that you need to get there in the end.
Everyone has their own reasons for wanting to learn, and you cannot say that yours is the same as someone else's. This means that you need to think about what matters most to you.
It could be simply to develop yourself, it could be to take the next step on the career ladder, or it could be to retrain and be something else totally. No matter what reason you have for learning, finding out why you are doing it can motivate learning that you may find you need, helping you to get where you want to go.
3. Break It Down
Sometimes, you may lack motivation because you feel overwhelmed by how much you need to do. It may sound obvious, but one of the best things you can do is break down the material into more manageable chunks.
Think about how much realistically you can fit into one chunk and then assign a period to it. This could be one day or one week, depending on your end deadline. Once you break it down, you will see that it is not as daunting as you were worried that it would be and that you can get it done.
The important thing to remember is that you are in control of your chunks, which means you can decide how big they are and how often you focus on them.
4. Choose a Reward
We are simple creatures by nature, and when we feel that we have done well, we will want some kind of reward. It doesn't matter what the task is or what we want to do, if we reward ourselves, we will be much more inclined to try harder next time. This can help us to greatly improve our motivation to learn.
The reward doesn't have to be anything huge. Sometimes, it can just be your favorite chocolate bar, some free time to read a book, or perhaps even a short session to soak in a nice hot bath. Whatever it is, you will want to try hard if you know something positive is in the future.
5. Stick to a Routine
The idea of sticking to a routine might not sound like an exciting way to get you motivated to learn, but the truth is that having a pattern can actually be one of the most valuable approaches to take.
The thing about routines is that they are something that we can get used to. When you do the same thing and the same kind of time or in the same order, then you will start to think of it as a habit that you do rather than something that you need to put a whole lot of thought into. While you need to focus on your learning, not having to think about the task at hand means that you won't need to find excuses not to do it.
6. Seek to Understand, Not Just Memorize
When it comes to learning, most of the time, you will feel somewhat like a sponge, trying to soak all the knowledge up and keep it in your brain. Of course, this is in part true, but you must try your very best always to understand what you are learning.
Not only will this help you to succeed in your learning, but it can also help you focus if you are trying to make sense of the topic, rather than just reading through it and trying to memorize it. You will find it much more interesting, which, in turn, helps you stay motivated and push towards your end goal.
7. Keep It Short and Sweet
The chances are, you are going to find it hard-going to study for long periods of time, especially if you have lots of other things in your life to focus on. This means that one of the best things that you can do to maintain motivation for learning is to keep it short and sweet.
When you study in a short burst, you will be allowing your mind to focus on that task and then have a break. This will help you stay motivated, and you can have multiple shorter bursts of learning but spread them out throughout the day.
8. Realize That You Can't Stay Motivated All the Time
While you should do whatever you can to stay motivated, you also need to remember that sometimes, you are just not going to feel it. No one—not even the most successful people out there—will feel motivated all of the time. This doesn't mean that they are any less dedicated to whatever they want to do or that they stand less of a chance to get there.
When you recognize that it is okay not to be motivated all the time, you can start to understand what you can do to get that motivation back and drive yourself forward.
9. Study With Someone
You may find that being lonely and studying alone is what is behind your lack of motivation to learn. We are social beings, which means that we need to be around others to feel the best.
This is not only in friendships but also in learning. Having someone else to study with makes you feel much more motivated for learning. Not only will you look forward to your time together, but you can also bounce ideas off of one another. You will also feel somewhat obliged to study with them, which means you will want to learn and want to find out as much as possible.
10. Look After Yourself
When you want your brain to work the best that it can, you will need to make sure that you are taking proper care of it. Looking after yourself may sound like the simplest thing, but it can be really worthwhile.
When you look after yourself, you are thinking about your mental health, physical health, and any relationship issues you may have. There are so many ways you can take care of yourself, and you should know some of the basics if you want to focus on your extra work.
The main things that you need to remember to do are to eat well and drink plenty of water and other hydrating drinks. You also need to stay active and exercise as much as you can as being active is known to really positively impact how well you focus.[1]
You also need to make sure that you are sleeping as much as possible because tiredness never goes well with learning. It can make you feel sluggish and lose concentration.
Final Thoughts
It really is down to you to find your own motivation to learn. So, what are you waiting for?
Think about what you are studying, how much time you have, and how you can make things that little bit easier to manage. Then, you can start to ensure that you reach those end goals, whatever they are.
More Tips on How to Find Motivation to Learn
Featured photo credit: Chris Benson via
The post How To Find Motivation To Learn Anything Outside of Comfort Zone appeared first on Lifehack.
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Building Technology vs Solving Problems
Yesterday I gave a talk at Saskatoon Barcamp on Building Technology vs Solving Problems. I started my presentation by asking, who here is building technology? Who here is solving problems? Those are two very different questions, and definitely not synonyms.
I believe innovation occurs following four basic steps:
 1. Identify Real Problem – real challenge that a group is facing
 2. Define Practical Solution – simple way to fill that need
 3. Find Appropriate Technology – appropriate technology based on users needs
 4. Leads To Profit - since you are filling a real need you will find ways to profit
In practise, what order do you think most companies follow?
 1. No Real Problem - most companies haven't asked what problem they are solving
 2. No Practical Solution – you can't have a solution unless you have a problem
 3. Build New Technology – building technology without knowing what they are trying to solve
 4. Struggle To Profit – invent a market and try to find users that don't exist
If you are providing a practical solution to a real problem, users will come to you and be eager to pay. Instead most companies are focussed on building another social network, creating another photo sharing app, making another groupon clone but none of those are solving a problem.
Innovation happens at the intersect of disciplines. Software by itself isn't very interesting, but applying that technology is where real innovation happens.
Unfortunately, most software companies are not intersecting with other disciplines, and instead building software for an elusive consumer market. And as a result of not having a clearly defined problem, most of these companies are lacking in innovation and struggling to generate revenue.
Back in July The Next Web had a fantastic article on The Problem With Silicon Valley Is Itself that highlighted this problem.
"One of the reasons for lack of innovation in the Valley is that entrepreneurs are not exposed to enough real-world problems." – TNW
"Not putting their brains to good use by solving real-world problems. Instead they're building technology to solve trivial issues." - TNW
"Many entrepreneurs are in it for the wrong reasons, they should be more focussed on doing something big and good for the world and figuring where the money comes after that." - TNW
I spent four months this summer living in Nairobi and working from the iHub. Africa is experiencing a mobile revolution, Kenya is leading the charge in east Africa, Nairobi is at the center and the iHub at the very heart, so I was excited to experience it first hand.
It began clear that one of the main driving forces behind this mobile innovation was developers using appropriate technologies to solve real problems. At Pivot25 a mobile development competition in Nairobi, every single startup in commerce, entertainmentbusiness, agriculture and health that pitched was trying to solve a real problem. One good example was EasyParking by Kenya Methodist University Students.
Works with car park operators to assist city motorists in locating the nearest parking slot, view remaining slots, book a slot, and pay the parking fee. Product is intended to reduce the inconveniences motorists go through to locate free parking slots in Nairobi City.
Although EasyParking didn't win Pivot25, it still highlights a practical solution to a real problem.
 1. Identify Real Problem - difficult to find parking downtown
 2. Define Practical Solution - give motorists easy way to reserve parking on route
 3. Find Appropriate Technology - request and receive confirmation via mobile
 4. Leads To Profit - drivers save time and willing to pay for a guaranteed spot
Do you think this idea could work in other cities? You bet, and that's why venture capitalists at the event were interested on investing in the idea because its a solution to a global problem. This raises an interesting point, practical solutions often scale because they can solve the same problem elsewhere.
So my questions is, why isn't Saskatchewan developing world class agriculture software?Saskatchewan's economy is based on agriculture, we have the top agriculture college in the country, and a strong computer science department. So why aren't we world leaders in ag-software?
The reason I believe is that software developers are not having conversations with farmers, haven't identified the problems they are facing in the province. If we had a shared conversation, I believe there is huge potential to become a world leader.
Here's one agriculture example that tries to solve a real problem with an appropriate technology.
 1. Identify Real Problem - costly and timely to take sick animal to the vet
 2. Define Practical Solution - allow ranchers to communicate with a network of veterinarians to get answers to their questions saving trip to the clinic
 3. Find Appropriate Technology - rancher sends SMS with question which is forwarded to a network of veterinarians, available vets reply back with their answer
 4. Leads To Profit - you can charge rancher per SMS giving part back to the veterinarian for there answer
It's a simple idea, but eliminating one trip to the vet clinic would save approx $50 in gas plus $100 for the visit. And saving the life of one calf would save the rancher around $750. If you paid veterinarians per answer, they could make money in their off hours. This saves the rancher money and time, makes vet's money on the side and you profit. It's a win, win, win. Also, if this solution works locally, there is a good chance it will work outside the province.
The three key ideas for innovation:
 1. Revolutionary idea, is just practical solution to a real problem
 2. Innovation happens at the intersect of disciplines
 3. Identify real problem, define practical solution, find appropriate technology, and it leads to profit
Thoughts? Comments? I'd love to hear them :)
One thought on "Building Technology vs Solving Problems
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While ethnic studies courses have received negative attention in recent years in places such as Arizona, where a Mexican American studies course was banned in 2010, a new study on these classes has come out with a significant finding: they can help improve struggling students' attendance rates and grades.
Researchers looked at outcomes for students taking ethnic studies classes at several San Francisco high schools and compared them to outcomes for similar students not enrolled in the classes. They found a 21 percentage point increase in attendance and a 1.4 point increase in GPA for ninth-graders assigned to take the course. The effects were especially notable for male and Hispanic students.
"What's so unique about this program is the degree to which it helped the students who took it," said Emily Penner, co-author of the paper and a post-doctoral researcher at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. "Schools have tried a number of approaches to support struggling students, and few have been this effective. It's a novel approach that suggests that making school relevant and engaging to struggling students can really pay off."
The study's authors think the ethnic studies classes were likely successful in boosting students' academic performance because they affirmed students' identities and validated hardships students had experienced as members of minority groups.
The authors write that their findings indicate that "culturally relevant pedagogy can be extraordinarily effective in supporting the academic progression of struggling students."


text: AbstractData from neuroscience and psychology suggest that sensorimotor cognition may be of central importance to language. Specifically, the linguistic structure of utterances referring to concrete actions may reflect the structure of the sensorimotor processing underlying the same action. To investigate this, we present the Linguistic, Kinematic and Gaze information in task descriptions Corpus (LKG-Corpus), comprising multimodal data on 13 humans, conducting take, put, and push actions, and describing these actions with 350 utterances. Recorded are audio, video, motion and eye-tracking data while participants perform an action and describe what they do. The dataset is annotated with orthographic transcriptions of utterances and information on: (a) gaze behaviours, (b) when a participant touched an object, (c) when an object was moved, (d) when a participant looked at the location s/he would next move the object to, (e) when the participant's gaze was stable on an area. With the exception of the annotation of stable gaze, all annotations were performed manually. With the LKG-Corpus, we present a dataset that integrates linguistic, kinematic and gaze data with an explicit focus on relations between action and language. On this basis, we outline applications of the dataset to both basic and applied research.


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Research and implementation of intelligent decision based on a priori knowledge and DQN algorithms in wargame environment
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractThe reinforcement learning problem of complex action control in a multi-player wargame has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, a game system based on turn-based confrontation is designed and implemented with state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning models. Specifically, we first design a Q-learning algorithm to achieve intelligent decision-making, which is based on the DQN (Deep Q Network) to model complex game behaviors. Then, an a priori knowledge-based algorithm PK-DQN (Prior Knowledge-Deep Q Network) is introduced to improve the DQN algorithm, which accelerates the convergence speed and stability of the algorithm. The experiments demonstrate the correctness of the PK-DQN algorithm, it is validated, and its performance surpasses the conventional DQN algorithm. Furthermore, the PK-DQN algorithm shows effectiveness in defeating the high level of rule-based opponents, which provides promising results for the exploration of the field of smart chess and intelligent game deduction
CitationSun, Y., Yuan, B., Zhang, T., Tang, B., Zheng, W. and Zhou, X., (2020). 'Research and implementation of intelligent decision based on a priori knowledge and DQN algorithms in wargame environment'. Electronics, 9(10), pp. 1-21.
The following license files are associated with this item:
- Creative Commons
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International


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Noel Semple has recently released a paper contributing to the ongoing discussion surrounding the cost of civil justice in Canada. He draws attention to the financially burdensome nature of civil justice claims, as well as temporal and psychological costs involved with legal disputes. His thorough investigation of the issue draws on the National Self Represented Litigants Project for quantitative information about the true costs of accessing civil justice. The paper is available on SSRN.
While much of the literature surrounding innovation emphasizes the importance of creativity and spontaneity, this article from McKinsey Quarterly reminds innovators that discipline and constraint have an important role to play in the process as well. The article suggests that "simple rules" can guide and structure innovation without hampering its generative qualities.
A group of 11 Toronto family lawyers are petitioning the Law Society to lift its contingency fee prohibition. They argue that the current regulatory framework poses a disadvantage to parties with access to fewer resources. The lawyers also point out that the high number of self-represented litigants in the family justice system warrants a change to current billing structures.
To read more about the petition, see this Toronto Star article.


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The classic free-speech axiom is that the cure for bad speech is more speech. This Article considers the possible social costs of speech, focusing on speech strategies that impede and degrade change, even if the speech itself is socially acceptable. This Article introduces the Clucking Theorem, which states that human nature unnecessarily inflates the costs of processes related to proposed legal changes. Clucking is a form of externality—it is an action that inflates the social costs associated with discourse over a new or revised norm. It also alters transitions, degrades the quality of reforms, impedes certain changes, and facilitates undesirable transitions. This Article's inquiry into the characteristics of clucking is supported by a qualitative study of debates and disputes over changes to backyard chicken laws in more than one hundred localities between 2007 and 2010. This study emphasizes that certain clucking characteristics are unrelated to the substance of the issue at stake, the size of the population, or the innovation in the proposed change. In synthesizing the study, this Article identifies five categories of individuals who engage in clucking: losers, winners, status quo enforcers, political opportunists, and human roosters. Finally, this Article stresses that civility norms and procedural rules are viable means to reduce the social costs of clucking.
A supplement to this article is available here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Extracting taxonomic information from ConTax data sets.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A vector of texts, typically the
The ConTax data sets are
Fasta objects, where the
Header line follows
a strict format.
The Header always starts with a short text, a Tag, which is a unique identifier for every sequence.
getTag will extract this from the
After the Tag follows one or more tokens. One of these tokens must be a string with the following format:
where <...> is some proper text. Here is an example of a proper string:
getGenus extract the
corresponding information from the
combines all taxonomy extractors, combines these in a data.frame
and imputes missing taxa with parent taxa.
A vector containing the sub-texts extracted from each
1 2 3 4


Germany Says Goodbye to Fur Farming
Posted on by PETA
Global fur trading continues to die as Germany votes for a bill that will shut down its six remaining fur farms!
MEILENSTEIN: Bundestag stimmt für faktisches Ende von Pelzfarmen? Im Juni wird der Gesetzentwurf dem Bundesrat vorgelegt.
This victory is over 20 years in the making.
Since PETA Germany was founded in 1994, it has lobbied for a fur-farm ban and conducted several investigations, started petitions, protested in front of mink farms, and launched celebrity anti-fur ad campaigns, all of which have finally led to the passing of this legislation.
Germany's last fur farms will close after a five-year transition. The new law demands stricter regulations governing fur farming and will effectively make raising minks nonviable for farmers. Fur-farming bans and stricter regulations that inevitably cause facilities to close are becoming increasingly widespread. Within the last year, both Japan and Croatia took similar steps to eradicate fur farms.
Millions of animals around the world are beaten, electrocuted, and skinned alive for their fur.
Eighty-five percent of the fur industry's skins come from animals held captive on fur factory farms. These facilities often hold thousands of animals, and the kinds of abuse that the workers there engage in are remarkably similar around the globe.
Whether the fur comes from China (where there are no penalties for abusing animals on fur farms) or Sweden (where minks have been found living with open head wounds and severe infections), all fur production means cruelty to animals.
Fortunately, many companies and celebrities are now fur-free.
After learning about the horrific cruelty behind every fur jacket, trim, or cuff, many powerful voices wanted to help PETA take down this industry. Celebrities such as Annie Yi, Pamela Anderson, Joanna Krupa, Kim Basinger, P!nk, Penélope Cruz, and many others have stripped down for the cause.
Together, We Can Create a Fur-Free World
Always wear non-animal materials and speak out against companies that sell fur. With so many beautiful and warm vegan options today, it's easy to leave fur out of the closet or showroom.


AlexGeordan Superintendent
A Personal Mission for Educational Improvement
Alex Geordan Superintendent: A Personal Mission for Educational Improvement
Getting Started in Education
Alex Geordan Superintendent Administrator Tenure
Always Working, Even in the Summers
Alex Geordan Superintendent
Alex Geordan Superintendent Addresses What Parents Must Know About School Administration
Alex Geordan Superintendent is a school administrator with many years of experience. However, he knows parents don't always fully understand everything about his job or how decisions are made. By understanding this process on a deeper level, parents can better grasp what occurs and how they can work hard to make their children happy and avoid complications simultaneously.
Factors Alex Geordan Superintendent Thinks Parents Must Know
A good school administration is not just a one-way process, Alex Geordan Superintendent says. He believes that parents and children should have a role in ensuring that schools run as smoothly and efficiently as possible. These steps include a myriad of different processes that ensure that parents and administrators work hand-in-hand together to achieve better levels of success.
First of all, Alex Geordan Superintendent emphasizes the importance of attending school meetings and any open gatherings put together by administrators. These meetings are designed to help parents understand better what is happening in a school. Alex Geordan Superintendent, in particular, focuses on knowing the names of your administrators and how to reach out to them when necessary.
Beyond that, Alex Geordan Superintendent also believes that people must understand how the administration works. Everything must be voted on by the administrators to ensure that everything goes as smoothly as possible for the public's needs. These votes are often public affairs, meaning that you can attend to see who votes and what kind of decisions are made.
Just as importantly, this process is one that doesn't happen overnight. Sometimes, a proposal will be floated that may not be touched on for weeks after it is initially proposed. Like all types of processes, the administration takes time and energy to finish. Alex Geordan Superintendent advises that parents have patience in this process and understand the different steps involved here.
And Alex Geordan Superintendent also emphasizes that difficult decisions are a huge part of the administration process and that they are never easy to make. Cutting school programs and firing teachers is always taken very seriously and is never done without a lot of thought. If something happens that you disagree within your district, talk to an administrator to learn more.
Like Alex Geordan Superintendent, most good school administrators will discuss these factors with you either in an open forum or if you see them outside of the school. If you find that an administrator is standoffish or difficult about decisions and doesn't discuss them, he suggests bringing up complaints in a school board meeting.
About Alex Geordan Superintendent
Alex Geordan Superintendent is a school administrator who has worked for decades to make Ohio public schools better places. After working in the trenches as an elementary school teacher for many years, he has advanced to a superintendent's post. He is a professional who understands his position's unique demands.
Alex Geordan Superintendent Discusses His Top Tips for Parents to Prevent Cyber Bullying
Technology offers numerous academic benefits to kids. The internet gives them access to an unlimited amount of knowledge. However, the internet can be a difficult place for kids too, especially when it comes to bullying. Alex Geordan superintendent stated that bullying was traditionally solely something that happened in person-to-person interactions. Now, he describes it as so much more difficult to control.
Kids spend roughly three hours of every day online. Alex Geordan superintendent states that this is why the internet has now become the most commonplace for kids to be bullied. Geordan adds that this style of bullying can be much more difficult to police, as it's not often seen by anyone other than the child being bullied. That's why he's offering his top tips for parents to help prevent cyberbullying.
"Parents need to acknowledge how their children are acting when they get offline," Alex Geordan superintendent says. "A telltale sign of cyberbullying is if a kid is showing signs of anxiety, anger, or sadness after going online."
He adds that talking to your kids is the best way to combat cyberbullying before it starts. Alex Geordan superintendent states that parents should explain what cyberbullying is and what kids should do if they think they're being bullied online. Alex Geordan superintendent states that parents should monitor their kids when they're online, especially when using social media.
"It's the parents' job to know what their kids are doing online," Alex Geordan superintendent says. "A number of apps allow parents to monitor their kids' social media accounts and messages, so they can have a better understanding of their kid's online conversations."
Alex Geordan superintendent explains that the Pumpic iPhone app allows parents to monitor text messages, including deleted ones, and view their kids' social media activity. This app also allows the parent to control the phone or block it remotely. Alex Geordan superintendent explains that this app is one-way parents can check to be sure their kids aren't being bullied.
"It's essential that parents take steps to ensure their children are not the ones doing the bullying too," Alex Geordan superintendent says. "Our kids mimic much of what we do, and we need to set positive examples at all times."
Alex Geordan superintendent explains that parents can help prevent cyberbullying by being positive role models at home. He states that when kids hear their parents talking poorly about other people or bullying fellow parents, they perform similar actions on their peers.
"Being more aware of cyberbullying and the harm it causes will allow parents to do their part in preventing it," Alex Geordan superintendent says. "We need to make the internet a safe place for our kids, so they can continue using all of its advantages to better their education."
Alex Geordan, Superintendent Shares How Teachers Can Improve Test Results Without Stressing Out Students
Alex Geordan Superintendent has successfully increased the test scores in his schools by utilizing a myriad of different steps. For example, his third-grade programs helped every third grader in his school pass and have been achieved every year since. As a result, his ideas for increasing test scores without minimizing stress are very important to consider.
Alex Geordan Superintendent Discusses the Root of Test Stress
Children suffering from stress during tests have many similar traits, Alex Geordan Superintendent says. Often, these students are high achievers who put a lot of emphasis on the importance of their success. Unfortunately, they may be too focused on this factor and end up becoming distracted and unable to handle the unique demands that testing puts on them as a person.
Ironically, Alex Geordan Superintendent finds that intelligent, but low-performing students often do better on these tests because they don't agonize over them nearly as much. These students have the intelligence to retain and process the information on these tests but lack the fear and concern that their high-aspiring peers put on themselves. Unfortunately, this may cause the high-stress students to perform worse in future tests, Alex Geordan Superintendent says.
Beyond these fears, some students freeze up on test day due to a mental block. They may lack the anxiety of some students and have the intelligence needed to do these tests. However, Alex Geordan Superintendent finds that some can't do tests. And as these standardized tests are critical for schools, he finds that it is crucial to find ways to increase these scores without worsening stress.
Tips From Alex Geordan Superintendent
Teachers worried about test anxiety should try to give their students some physical activity just before the test. Alex Geordan Superintendent finds that this helps students burn the tension off their body before testing and gets the blood flowing to their minds in a way that makes tests easier. No more than 10-15 minutes of exercise is needed to ensure that this benefit is achieved.
Beyond that, Alex Geordan Superintendent believes that it is crucial to take a bit of the importance of tests off students' shoulders. Instead of introducing new material and letting students know that it is on the test or likely to be, just present it like any other information. Emphasizing and stressing on this material is expected to make students more stressed out than not.
Tutoring is also critical, he says, particularly for those students who want it. Don't force tutoring on anybody – some don't need or want it – but make it an option for those who want to get better test results. Alex Geordan Superintendent states that you'll be surprised at how many students will want this type of help and how well it can help them succeed at a higher level.
Alex Geordan Superintendent
Alex Geordan Superintendent Discusses the Future of K-12 Education in the Age of Covid
When Covid-19 struck, and schools started to close, Alex Geordan Superintendent was worried about what would happen to the state of K-12 education and what kind of future it would have in the face of this disease. He fears that this disease will spread very rapidly and cause a broad array of dangers to students. However, he believes that K-12 education does have a future as long as parents and students are aware of what to expect in this situation.
The Impact of Closures, According to Alex Geordan Superintendent
School closures are critical for stopping the spread of Covid-19, Alex Geordan Superintendent states, but have adverse effects on students. Though most schools have adapted to this situation and provided online education opportunities, the social element that is so important for education is lacking. These factors are things that Alex Geordan Superintendent found essential to focus on at length.
For example, students often learn how to interact with their peers and others through school and sports. Spending time together, learning how to interact, and other steps are all critical because students master various types of socialization during this period. Without it, Alex Geordan Superintendent worries that many students may fall behind in this factor.
However, he


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This September, Larry Crumpler, a research colleague at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, and I were able to fly in the back seats of two weight-shifting ultralight aircraft during a two-hour flight over the McCartys lava flow in central New Mexico. This flow is 3,000 years old and over 47 km (29 miles) long, one of the longest fresh lava flows in the continental United States. It has been the subject of on-going research by Larry, other colleagues, and me as part of my research grant funded by NASA through the Planetary Geology and Geophysics program.
Larry made contact with the ultralight pilots through his museum in Albuquerque, and following some field work on the McCartys flow this past April, Larry and I were able to make the first ultralight flight over the lava flow. Pilots Jeff Gilkey and Paul Dressendorfer are very experienced ultralight pilots, both having flown hundreds of times over the many natural wonders that abound in New Mexico and neighboring states. The April flight convinced both Larry and I that ultralights could represent a wonderful platform from which to obtain low-altitude stereo photographs, which should show much more detail than could be obtained from either commercial aerial photographs or satellite images.
For the September flight, I attached a Canon Eos Rebel digital camera to a monopole, with a remote trigger taped to the pole, plus two separate safety lines that attached the pole to me in a way that still allowed for easy movement. As we flew over the lava flow, the camera was held out from the side of the two-person open cockpit, oriented to point straight down. I was able to collect over 1,800 vertical photographs, including ones taken while following several GPS-specified lines to provide aerial coverage of places that we have investigated extensively on the ground. Meanwhile, Larry took photos from the second ultralight (for safety reasons, the pilots prefer to fly in pairs), providing context information of the mapping ultralight.
A quick check of the vertical photos has confirmed the great scientific value contained within low-altitude, low-speed aerial photographs. The stereo photographs should provide many new insights about the McCartys lava flow during the coming months, and they will also be included in future proposals to support research of lava flows in the New Mexico area.
Jim Zimbelman is a geologist in the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies at the National Air and Space Museum.


text:
Wastewater Treatment Equipments
The primary stage in reducing the sludge volume is thickening. When the thin sludge is condensed, thick sludge is formed.
In oxidation ditches and aerated lagoons, horizontal aerators are often used. In aeration ponds, it can provide water flow.
Surface aerator equipment is a form of aerator that is used to add oxygen to wastewater in the aeration ponds of the activated sludge process.
This surface type aerator generally used in aerobic activated sludge units to supply oxygen to wastewater instead of blower-diffuser system.
When the amount of colloids, suspended solids, organic and inorganic pollutant into water increases it called wastewater.


text:
Clustering Top-Ranking Sentences for Information Access
- Anastasios TombrosAffiliated withDepartment of Computing Science, University of Glasgow
-, Joemon M. JoseAffiliated withDepartment of Computing Science, University of Glasgow
-, Ian RuthvenAffiliated withDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde
In this paper we propose the clustering of top-ranking sentences (TRS) for effective information access. Top-ranking sentences are selected by a query-biased sentence extraction model. By clustering such sentences, we aim to generate and present to users a personalised information space. We outline our approach in detail and we describe how we plan to utilise user interaction with this space for effective information access. We present an initial evaluation of TRS clustering by comparing its effectiveness at providing access to useful information to that of document clustering.
- Clustering Top-Ranking Sentences for Information Access
- Book Title
- Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
- Book Subtitle
- 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003 Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003 Proceedings
- pp 523-528
- Print ISBN
- Online ISBN
- Series Title
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Series Volume
- Series ISSN
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Copyright Holder
- Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
- Additional Links
- Industry Sectors
- eBook Packages
- Editor Affiliations
- 4. NetLab, Knowledge Technologies Group, Lund University Libraries
- 5. Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Author Affiliations
- 6. Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K.
- 7. Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XH, U.K.
To view the rest of this content please follow the download PDF link above.


text:
- If you use an item without the owner's permission, and then return it, does this count as theft if they never find out?
- If so, does the rule of num 5;7 come into play, and what if this has occurred multiple times, would multiple repayments be required for each unauthorized use?
- Using someone else's item without permission is a form of theft, even if the person doesn't find out about it. We are commanded by G-d not to steal, and therefore the person would have to repent, because he didn't listen to G-d's commandment. In retrospect, if the item was already used, and he owner was not negatively affected by his using the item, (it wasn't ruined in any way, and the owner wasn't inconvenienced by it, then we would not have to ask the owner forgiveness, since he wasn't negatively affected).
- Regarding Numbers 5:7 that is referring to when a person stole money etc. and swore that he didn't take it, which is not applicable to regular stealing.
- Rambam Hilchos Gezeila 3-15, Shulchan Aruch Choshen Mishpat 359-5, 355-1.
- See Rashi Numbers 5-7.


Oregon public lands fire rules taking effect; know what applies to you
TR.09BigSheepFire2.JPGView full sizeThe 2009 Big Sheep fire in northeast Oregon.
Fire season is upon us and land managing agencies will be issuing rules and restrictions for preventing man caused fires.
The restrictions usually begin in lands on the east side of Oregon and Washington, then work their way west as forests and grasslands dry out.
Be sure to check locally what restrictions are in place when you head to public lands for recreation until the heavy rains return in October and November.
As an example, here ore the fire rules in effect on the Bureau of Land Management, Vale District, as of July 24.
1. You must not build, maintain or attend a campfire, or stove fire, including charcoal briquette fire, except within the existing metal fire rings located at designated developed recreation sites. Liquefied and bottled gas stoves and heaters are permitted. When used outside of developed recreation sites, they must be used within an area at least 10 feet in diameter that is barren or clear of all flammable materials.
2. You must not smoke outside of a vehicle, trailer, or building, except within areas barren of all flammable materials for at least a three-foot diameter, or aboard boats on rivers and lakes.
3. You must not possess, discharge, or use any type of fireworks or other pyrotechnic
device, to include sparklers, on public lands at any time. If you are caught, you will
be cited and/or held responsible for the suppression costs should a fire result.
4. You must not operate a chainsaw (this restriction varies in western Oregon forests; check locally).
5. You must not park your vehicle or operate any type of internal combustion engine, generators, weed eaters, etc.) in an area that is not clear of all flammable material.
6. You must not operate a motorized vehicle outside of existing roads and ways. This prohibits cross country travel until this order is rescinded.
 7. You must not operate an automobile, pickup, truck, or any other motorized equipment that is wider than 50 inches or has a dry weight of 800 pounds or more, n public lands without a shovel not less than 26 inches in overall length, with a blade mot less than 8 inches wide, and a container with at least one gallon of water, or fully charged 2.5-pound fire extinguisher.
Additional information about the Vale District can be found by visiting the district website at
-- Terry Richard


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Urban green spaces are 'vital' to children's development – UNICEF
Green spaces can provide enormous benefits to children and should be easily accessible to all youngsters living in cities, says UNICEF.
The children's charity outlines, in a detailed new report, the many virtues of green areas on children's health and development, along with ideas for how communities and local authorities can work to ensure every child has a green areas within walking distance.
But for these benefits to be realised, says the charity, all stakeholders must make it a priority to preserve these spaces within 'our rapidly growing cities', adding: "We must act."
Intended as a discussion paper, The Necessity of Urban Green Space for Children's Optimal Development, includes what UNICEF describes as 'compelling evidence' on the significant benefit of green spaces, and recommends a series of interventions that are focused on empowering communities 'claim and maintain' these local areas.
It also puts forward ways for securing government investment, and ensuring schools and child care centres are given priority for developing 'greening' projects.
'Sufficient evidence' that all children need green spaces
Children, it says, who grow up in greener neighbourhoods are 'often less depressed, less stressed and generally happier and healthier', while greener views and surroundings and time spent in green surroundings offer 'numerous mental, physical and social developmental benefits, and spur their growth into ecologically aware and responsible citizens'.
The paper says that although most research has been done in high-income countries, there is 'sufficient evidence' to assume that all children need green space for their 'optimal development'. In terms of physical benefits for example, UNICEF says there are many other studies that have measured physiological changes such as reduced levels of stress hormones and blood pressure in children 'consequent to green space interventions'. These reactions are 'likely to be consistent for children from any part of the world', it adds.
UNICEF also sets out a series of targeted actions which both local authorities and national governments should look to take to help deliver these 'green goals'. They are:
- Set child-responsive building and infrastructure regulations, land-use standards and plans, including standards for safe and accessible green spaces
- Support real estate developers to meet and exceed regulations on the inclusion of safe and accessible green space by new developments.
- In consultation with local communities, including children, provide funds and expertise to identify, map, reclaim and redesign public spaces as green spaces
- Provide technical and financial support to create safe and accessible green spaces in and around schools and childcare centres
- Support community groups which maintain green spaces and organize properly safeguarded outings for children
- Set minimum national standards for safe and accessible urban green space
- Integrate standards for the inclusion of safe and accessible green space by new developments into relevant national policies
- Set up a ministerial/ interministerial technical body to oversee and provide guidance on urban greening issues, including allocation and monitoring of resources.
UNICEF's Child Friendly Cities initiative is now operating in over 40 countries worldwide, yet in its conclusion to the report, it makes the point that 'green space that is accessible and safe for children's play can be rare, especially in the cities of the developing world'.
'Safe and accessible green space can be rare'
"Yet the scientifically proven advantages to children's physical, mental and social development, provided by such spaces, are real and multifold," it adds.
"Local communities and institutions as well as municipal and national governments are called on to recognise green spaces as valuable assets in their cities and to ensure their preservation, improvement, creation and maintenance."


Bering Sea Ecosystem
During the expedition, email your questions to the researchers
Postcards from the Ice, puzzles, quizzes and more!
Interviews, Videos, Animations, and Sound
Where are we google map
Ice, Ice Everywhere
The Healy was surrounded by ice most of the day today, but it wasn't in the big hospitable sheets that allow a dozen people to get out, walk around, and drill holes. So on two occasions today, scientists and the crew went to great lengths to get access to ice.
The target of the first adventure: a big chunk of ice with algae growing on it. The krill team needs ice algae to feed to the animals in their experiments. They've been getting that algae from cores other people have taken on the ice, but it would take a whole lot of cores to get enough algae that way. Some cores don't hit any ice algae at all. And some days – like today – it's difficult to even get onto the ice to take cores.
So a few days ago Rodger Harvey, a biochemist from the University of Maryland, asked the Coast Guard to come up with a net so they could lasso a big, algae-infused piece of ice and bring it on board. This morning they tested their technique on a promising-looking piece of ice.
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What are double-double-doubles facts
what are double-double-doubles facts
Next, a child must know all of the ten facts and all of the double facts. numbers are consecutive like 6 and 7) then we can use the doubles plus one strategy.".
Double 5 is 10, double 10 is 20, and double 20 is 40. Double 6 This strategy can only be effective if student owns doubles as Relate the fact to a known fact.
Averaging a triple - double in a single season: Oscar Robertson is the Most triple - doubles in NBA playoffs: Magic Johnson recorded. what are double-double-doubles facts Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in. What is a double fact in math? New Jersey On-Line LLC. Sign Up for Splash Math. You have to love defense to get a quadruple-double. Who discovered pi in math?
What are double-double-doubles facts - for
In basketball, a double is the accumulation of a double-digit number total in one of five statistical categories— points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots —in a game. Remove ads with TeacherTube Pro. Blackboard Web Community Manager Privacy Policy Updated. Knight Ridder Tribune News Service. I want to use Splash Math as a... Sign up for Splash Math Email Password Phone.


People with Nystagmus are often fairly slow readers, but they can still read. However they may become tired more easily than most, depending on the size of the writing.
Diagram here
I can read the smallest writing in the box above but it takes me about twice as long to read it than the biggest writing in the box above. Although I am slightly slower than everyone else I manage.
I have to hold a book very close to my eyes when reading as it is more comfortable and makes it easier for me to read. Everyone with Nystagmus has a point where their eyes stop moving. You can discover this point by holding out your index finger at arms length, and gradually move it closer to you while continually concentrating on it. Make sure someone is watching, they can tell you when your eyes stop moving. It is at this point that things become in focus, and this is where I hold a book when reading. I cannot focus when my eyes are moving constantly.
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text:
Centralised sampling system
The Centralised Sampling System facilitates sample taking from beer tanks. It is a modular system equipped for taking out samples from up to 12 tanks. Because of the position of the sampling valve on vertical fermenters or bright beer tanks, access to sampling point often requires platforms. The system allows for placing the sample valve at the optimal point for sampling: on the middle of the cylindrical part of the vessel, independent of whether there is easy access to this point or not.
When taking a sample there are two possibilities; either sterile or non-sterile sampling. For sterile sampling of the chosen tank, the "sterile" button is pressed and the pipeline to the sampling panel will be steam sterilised. After sterilising, the pipeline is blown dry with sterile air or CO2. Now the "sampling" button can be pressed and the sample media will flow from the chosen tank to the sample coil at the sample panel. By pressing the "flush" button, the pipeline is hereafter flushed with water, steamed and blown dry.
When choosing non-sterile sampling for non-microbiological samples the first step after choosing the tank, is to press the "sampling" button. The sampling process will then be the same as above but without the sterilisation before the sample is taken. The sample valves and pipelines with other valves are CIP'ed together with the tank. The cleaning process is started by pressing the "CIP" button or by external signal from a PLC and runs automatically according to the pre-selected time.
- Fully automatic and safe sampling from selected tanks
- "Fool proof" operation
- Highly sanitary sampling
- Economic solution compared to "cat-walk" installations
- Optimal sampling point position on tank regardless of tank construction and access
- Simultaneous sampling and or CIP


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Regardless of the beach, there are particular times that are better than others for finding truly unique shells. After a storm, collectors may find spectacular shells, as the shells are pulled from their ocean floor fossil beds and washed ashore. Additionally, during anew moon or a full moon, the rise and fall of the tides increases, producing more shells on the beach. Don't forget to search through seaweed found on the beach—often shells are entangled in the seaweed, and small but perfect shell specimens can be found.
Most of the shells found on the beach are fairly young. Occasionally, though, an older ecto-skelton from the late Pleistocene era may be found on the shore—approximately 10,000 years old. How can you determine the age of your treasure? Color is a key factor—a dark gray shade may indicate a rare or old specimen. A true treasure you may find during your shell searching is the lettered olive shell. This shiny little shell resembles an olive and was first documented by Edmund Ravenel, a 19th century naturalist who donated a collection of shells to the Charleston Museum that is still on exhibit today. If you find this shell, you'll have a special
memento —the lettered olive is also the state's official shell.
how to preserve sea shells
Shells found on the beach need to be thoroughly examined to ensure there is no creature living within. If the shell is empty, soak the shell for several days in a solution of half water and half bleach. Rinse well with fresh water and dry the shell in the sun. If algae is present, it can be removed by gently rubbing the shell in fresh water after bleaching. To add more luster to your shell, polish the shell with mineral oil. Sand dollars can be preserved by placing them in fresh water. The water may turn brownish in color— change the water until the water remains clear. Replace half the water with bleach and leave the sand dollar immersed for 15 minutes to bleach the sand dollar white. Do not use too much bleach or leave in the solution for too long, as the bleach will cause the sand dollar to crumble. Rinse the sand dollar well with fresh water to remove the bleach, and allow it to dry in the sun. If your collection includes sea horses or sea stars, you'll need to carefully preserve them, as their odor can become quite foul. Soak the sea horse or sea star in 70-percent rubbing alcohol for one or two nights. Allow to dry on a paper towel in the sun. With sea stars, you'll need to flatten the arms with a small weight while drying or they may curl.


text: of the occupants with the outside environment. Basically, these account for large amount of heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments, and if not properly designed, may lead to unacceptable indoor thermal inside the buildings. In order to appreciate the impact of window specifications, a simulation study has been carried out on a typical air-conditioned office building. The building, which has been considered in the study, has a three-storey structure having other details as given below. It may be mentioned that four variations of window designs have been used in the present study viz. Single glazed window with metal frame Single glazed window with wooden frame Double glazed window with metal frame, and Double-glazed window with wooden frame. The U values for these design variations of the windows are also given below, as taken from Sodha et al.. ITEM SPECIFICATION Number of floors 3 Height 8.4 m Floor area on each floor 245 m² Total floor area 735 m² Total wall area 586 m² Total roof area 245 m² Window area 220 m² Total envelop area 831 m² U value of roof/walls 1.48 W/m² K U value of windows - Single glazed with metal frame 5.6 W/m² K - Single glazed with wooden frame 4.3 W/m² K - Double glazed with metal frame 3.2 W/m² K - Double glazed with wooden frame. 2.5 W/m² K The method of calculation has been chosen to be "Degree-day method", which offers quick results for the assessment of heating/cooling loads. The method is based on the calculation of degree-days as the product of number of days in a month with the difference of daily average ambient temperature from the base temperature. As suggested in, the base temperature for heating period is taken to be 18.3°C, which is able to accommodate heating requirements when the inside temperature is intended to be maintained at 24°C. This rise in the value of indoor temperature is presumed as an outcome of the heat gains from occupants of the building, their activity level and the electrical appliances used in the building. By a simple extension of the argument, a base temperature of 22.3°C has been taken for evaluating cooling loads. The results of numerical calculations are presented in Table 2, which gives annual demand of heating and cooling loads for five different indian cities viz. Allahabad, Jaipur, Srinagar, Okha and Dibrugarh. These five cities, as can be seen from the data of degree-days given in the table, represent different climatic zones in the country. The values of heating and cooling load are presented in GJ; the values in bold typefaces represent heating load. It is clear from the table that substantial savings are accrued, if normal single glazed windows with metal frame are replaced with double glazed windows with wooden frame. The savings in the cooling/ heating load could be of the order of 30-40%. Though the results are only indicative of the impact of window performance on the overall thermal performance of a particular building, yet an inference could be drawn safely from the study that the windows and all other elements of the building need to be designed properly for optimum performance. REFERENCES 1. R.P. Sromberg, and S.O. Woodall, Passive Solar Buildings: A Compilation of Data and Results, Report No. SAND-77-1204, Sandia National Laboratory, USA, 1977. 2. M.S.Sodha, N.K. Bansal, P.K. Bansal, Ashvini Kumar, and M.A.S. Malik, Solar Passive Building Science & Design, Pergamon Press Ltd., UK, 1986. 3. Anil Mishra and F.D. Heidt, Validation of Building Simulation Programs, Final Project Report, Tata Energy Research Institute (India) and University of Siegen (Germany), 1997. 4. N.K. Bansal and Ashvini Kumar in Energy Efficient Windows, Proceedings of the Workshop organized at Solar Energy Centre jointly by SEC and IIT Delhi, 1996. 5. J.A. Duffie and W.A. Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1991. Variations of Temperatures on July 2nd, 1997. 38 37 36 35 Temperature (deg C) 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 Time (hour) Head's P.A. Room A.O. Room Reception Room Series4 Series5 Verandah Figure 2 Thermal performance of roof surface evaporative cooling system at SEC 53 A SOLAR-POWERED WATER PUMP Brian.C. Hageman Deluge, Inc. 4116 E. Superior Ave., Suite 4-D Phoenix, Arizona 85040, U.S.A Carmo Fernandez Deluge India Ltd. 4116 East Superior Avenue, Suite 4-D Phoenix, Arizona 85040, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Keywords: water pump, alternative cycle, solar thermal energy The newly patented solar water pump offers the potential for utilizing relatively lowtemperature solar thermal energy to do useful work. The engine's operation is based on exploiting the natural propensity of a fluid to expand as it is heated, and to contract upon cooling. Somewhat similar to previously described air-based engines that are heated by contact with combustion gases, the present engine instead uses solar thermal energy as the heat source, and the body of water to be pumped as the heat sink. The working fluid is supercritical CO 2. As the heated water comes in thermal contact with the O2 in a heat exchanger, the CO2 expands and pushes a piston. Upon reaching the end of the piston's stroke, valving is activated which closes the hot water intake and opens the cold water intake, thus cooling the CO2 and causing it to contract. This process is repeated in a total of 4 cylinders, allowing water to be continuously pumped. A review is provided of similar engines discussed in the literature, and preliminary estimates are made of the thermal efficiency of the water pumping system. 54 55 NOMENCLATURE CO2 Carbon Dioxide R-23 Refrigerant number 23 INTRODUCTION The newly-patented thermal hydraulic engine offers the potential for utilizing relatively low-temperature solar thermal energy to do useful work. These engines are a new application of existing technology. The primary application of the engine is the pumping of fluids. The design is simple, using off-the-shelf components and machinable parts. Maintenance is simple and does not require advanced technical training. The design is robust, allowing for a long functional life, with easy repairs and parts replacement. The unit is self contained, allowing for off-grid and remote applications. The working fluid, supercritical carbon dioxide, is a safe heat exchange fluid, since the accidental discharge of CO2 is not toxic to the environment. And lastly, this technology is potentially economical, since solar energy is readily available in many parts of the world. DESIGN Thermal Hydraulic Engine Referring to figures 1 and 2, the solar-powered water pump operates in the following manner. The pump is powered using the thermal expansion of supercritical carbon dioxide. Solar collectors focus the sun's energy on receiver pipes with water circulating through from the storage tank. This energy heats the water, and the water is stored in a storage tank. This storage tank functions as a reservoir of hot water, a buffer between the solar collectors and the engine. This keeps the systems slightly separated for better operation of both sides. Presently, the hot water tank is maintained at a temperature of about 82C. A heat exchanger and piston assembly filled with the compressed carbon dioxide at 172 bar, is heated from the temperature of the CO2 at the cold state (varies depending on the local climate and temperature of the water being pumped) to about 82C using the hot water. The heat exchanger is a simple finned shelland-tube heat exchanger. The piston is constructed such that the supercritical carbon dioxide is on one side of the piston, and compressed air is on the other. Heating the carbon dioxide results in increased pressure on the carbon dioxide side of the piston. When the pressure of the carbon dioxide exceeds that of the compressed air, the piston moves outward. The shaft extending from this piston is connected to another piston filled with oil. When the first piston moves outward, it pushes in the second piston, compressing the oil. The compressed oil is used to run a hydraulic pump. When the first piston has fully extended, cold water is sent through the heat exchanger. The cold water is supplied from the water being pumped. As the temperature decreases, the pressure of the carbon dioxide decreases. When the carbon dioxide pressure is less than that of the compressed air, the compressed air acts as a spring and pulls the piston back in. Four piston-and-heat-exchanger assemblies are utilized (i.e. four heat exchangers, eight pistons), and they are timed to run at staggered intervals. Valves that direct either the hot water or cold water to flow through the heat exchanger are timed using the four pistons. When the piston moves to a certain point, a peg mounted on the piston opens or closes the valves. Electric motors that run the pumps that supply the hot water to the system are run off of photovoltaic solar cells. Cold water is run off of energy produced by the hydraulic pump itself. Selection of the Working Fluid Harry W. Parker, Ph.D., P.E. conducted a study of the Deluge


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Thomas SchmidtJan 3, 2022
The Book of Revelation and Its Eastern Commentators
Making the New Testament in the Early Christian World
Cambridge University Press 2021
In The Book of Revelation and Its Eastern Commentators (Cambridge UP, 2021), T. C. Schmidt offers a new perspective on the formation of the New Testament by examining it simply as a Greco-Roman 'testament', a legal document of great authority in the ancient world. His work considers previously unexamined parallels between Greco-Roman juristic standards and the authorization of Christianity's holy texts. Recapitulating how Greco-Roman testaments were created and certified, he argues that the book of Revelation possessed many testamentary characteristics that were crucial for lending validity to the New Testament. Even so, Schmidt shows how Revelation fell out of favor amongst most Eastern Christian communities for over a thousand years until commentators rehabilitated its status and reintegrated it into the New Testament. Schmidt uncovers why so many Eastern churches neglected Revelation during this period, and then draws from Greco-Roman legal practice to describe how Eastern commentators successfully argued for Revelation's inclusion in the New Testaments of their Churches.
Zach McCulley (_USER_) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast.


How ultrasound sensing makes Nest displays more accessible
December 4th, 2019
Directions on a Nest Hub
Ultrasound sensing allows your display to show the most important information when you're far away, as your total commute time, and show more detail as you get close to the device.
To develop the right screen designs, the team tested varying text heights, contrast levels, and information density and measured the ease with which people could read what's on the screen. It was refreshing when, regardless of age or a visual impairment, testers would make comments like, "it just feels easier to read." It turned out that designing for people with low vision improved the experience for everyone.
Ultrasound testint
Testing ultrasound sensing during the design process.
Ultrasound waves
What ultrasound sensing "sees" on a smart display.
Ultrasound sensing already works for timers, commute times and weather. And over the coming week, your devices will also begin to show reminders, appointments and alerts when you approach the display. Because this is using low-resolution sensing technology, ultrasound sensing happens entirely on the device and is only able to detect large-scale motion (like a person moving), without being able to identify who the person is.
After we built the ultrasound sensing feature, I tested it with my dad. As soon as I saw him reading his cooking timer on the screen from across the kitchen, I knew we'd made something that would make our devices even more helpful to more people.


Office safety is a hot topic in the business world these days. If you don't have a safe working environment, people will not want to work at your premises. It's as simple as that! It doesn't matter whether you own or lease your office building.
What does matter is that you keep on top of your health and safety responsibilities. So, are you assuming that your office building is a safe one? Think again! The shocking truth is that most places have plenty of hazards just waiting to strike! Here are some of the things you need to check:
Overloaded electrical sockets
It's no secret that employees often charge their mobile phones and other devices at work. But, some offices might not offer plenty of electrical sockets. That is especially true of older office buildings.
To get around that problem, some workers will use extension blocks or plugs for extra sockets. What they seldom realize is that such actions are unsafe and can overload those sockets.
In the best case scenario, the circuit will "trip" until the extra plugs get removed. But, that might not always happen. As you can imagine, electrical wiring can overheat and melt. That can then increase the chances of a fire starting.
Little to no protection for window cleaners
It's usually easy to clean the inside of office windows. But, what about the outside? Window cleaners often use two methods to clean multi-storey building windows from the outside. First, they use an extendable brush from ground level. And, second, they abseil down or use a lifting platform from the roof.
For the first case, you should ensure that your window cleaners mark the working area. That means putting up cones and signs warning people to walk around the cleaners. But, what about the second scenario?
It makes sense to install equipment such as a lifting platform for their use. You also need to prevent them from falling over the edge of the roof. One way to stop that happening is by getting a guardrail installed. In many parts of the world, this is also a legal rule associated with health and safety laws.
Untidy working areas
Sometimes the cause of a trip or fall hazard might be down to an untidy working area! Let's face it; there isn't anyone on the planet that works from a clean and tidy desk.
You will always find paperwork, stationery, and other items strewn across the desk. There could even be piles of paper, boxes and even electronic parts lying around.
If someone walks past such a desk without looking ahead of them, they could trip and get injured. If there are any sharp or dangerous items on or around the desk, you can imagine how worse those injuries will get!
Everyone in your office needs to make a concerted effort to keep their workstations tidy. You might need to get them storage units like drawers or filing cabinets to encourage that to happen.
Thanks for reading today's article!


-decimal base in the earliest traces of the Germanic languages, is attested by the presence of words and glosses meaning that the count is in decimal (cognates to ten-count or tenty-wise), such would be expected if normal counting is not decimal, and unusual if it were.[29][30] Where this counting system is known, it is based on the long hundred of 120 in number, and a long thousand of 1200 in number. The descriptions like 'long' only appear after the small hundred of 100 in number appeared with the Christians. Gordon's Introduction to Old Norse p 293, gives number names that belong to this system. An expression cognate to 'one hundred and eighty' is translated to 200, and the cognate to 'two hundred' is translated at 240. Goodare details the use of the long hundred in Scotland in the Middle Ages, giving examples, calculations where the carry implies i C (i.e. one hundred) as 120, etc. That the general population were not alarmed to encounter such numbers suggests common enough use. It is also possible to avoid hundred-like numbers by using intermediate units, such as stones and pounds, rather than a long count of pounds. Goodare gives examples of numbers like vii score, where one avoids the hundred by using extended scores. There is also a paper by W.H. Stevenson, on 'Long Hundred and its uses in England'.[citation needed]
 - Many or all of the Chumashan languages originally used a base-4 counting system, in which the names for numbers were structured according to multiples of 4 and 16.[31]
 - Many languages[32] use quinary (base-5) number systems, including Gumatj, Nunggubuyu,[33] Kuurn Kopan Noot[34] and Saraveca. Of these, Gumatj is the only true 5–25 language known, in which 25 is the higher group of 5.
 - Some Nigerians use duodecimal systems.[35] So did some small communities in India and Nepal, as indicated by their languages.[36]
 - The Huli language of Papua New Guinea is reported to have base-15 numbers.[37] Ngui means 15, ngui ki means 15×2 = 30, and ngui ngui means 15×15 = 225.
 - Umbu-Ungu, also known as Kakoli, is reported to have base-24 numbers.[38] Tokapu means 24, tokapu talu means 24×2 = 48, and tokapu tokapu means 24×24 = 576.
 - Ngiti is reported to have a base-32 number system with base-4 cycles.[32]
 - The Ndom language of Papua New Guinea is reported to have base-6 numerals.[39] Mer means 6, mer an thef means 6×2 = 12, nif means 36, and nif thef means 36×2 = 72.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ The History of Arithmetic, Louis Charles Karpinski, 200pp, Rand McNally & Company, 1925.
 2. ^ Histoire universelle des chiffres, Georges Ifrah, Robert Laffont, 1994 (Also: The Universal History of Numbers: From prehistory to the invention of the computer, Georges Ifrah, ISBN 0-471-39340-1, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 2000. Translated from the French by David Bellos, E.F. Harding, Sophie Wood and Ian Monk)
 3. ^ Lam Lay Yong & Ang Tian Se (2004) Fleeting Footsteps. Tracing the Conception of Arithmetic and Algebra in Ancient China, Revised Edition, World Scientific, Singapore.
 4. ^ "Decimal Fraction". Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Retrieved 2013-06-18.
 5. ^ a b Math Made Nice-n-Easy. Piscataway, N.J.: Research Education Association. 1999. p. 141. ISBN 0-87891-200-2.
 6. ^ Fingers or Fists? (The Choice of Decimal or Binary Representation), Werner Buchholz, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 2 #12, pp3–11, ACM Press, December 1959.
 7. ^ Decimal Computation, Hermann Schmid, John Wiley & Sons 1974 (ISBN 047176180X); reprinted in 1983 by Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company (ISBN _PHONE_)
 8. ^ Decimal Floating-Point: Algorism for Computers, Cowlishaw, M. F., Proceedings 16th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, ISBN 0-7695-1894-X, pp104-111, IEEE Comp. Soc., June 2003
 9. ^ Decimal Arithmetic - FAQ
 10. ^ Egyptian numerals
 12. ^ Graham Flegg: Numbers: their history and meaning, Courier Dover Publications, 2002, ISBN 978-0-486-42165-0, p. 50
 13. ^ Georges Ifrah: From One to Zero. A Universal History of Numbers, Penguin Books, 1988, ISBN 0-14-009919-0, pp.213-218 (Cretan numerals)
 14. ^ a b Greek numerals
 16. ^ Georges Ifrah: From One to Zero. A Universal History of Numbers, Penguin Books, 1988, ISBN 0-14-009919-0, pp. 218f. (The Hittite hieroglyphic system)
 17. ^ Lam Lay Yong et al The Fleeting Footsteps p 137-139
 18. ^ a b c d e Lam Lay Yong, "The Development of Hindu-Arabic and Traditional Chinese Arithmetic", Chinese Science, 1996 p38, Kurt Vogel notation
 19. ^ a b Joseph Needham (1959). "Decimal System". Science and Civilisation in China, Volume III, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Cambridge University Press.
 21. ^ Gandz, S.: The invention of the decimal fractions and the application of the exponential calculus by Immanuel Bonﬁls of Tarascon (c. 1350), Isis 25 (1936), 16–45.
 25. ^ "Indian numerals". Ancient Indian mathematics. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
 26. ^ Azar, Beth (1999). "English words may hinder math skills development". American Psychology Association Monitor 30 (4). Archived from the original on 2007-10-21.
 27. ^ Avelino, Heriberto (2006). "The typology of Pame number systems and the limits of Mesoamerica as a linguistic area" (PDF). Linguistic Typology 10 (1): 41–60. doi:10.1515/LINGTY.2006.002.
 28. ^ Marcia Ascher. "Ethnomathematics: A Multicultural View of Mathematical Ideas". The College Mathematics Journal. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
 29. ^ McClean, R. J. (July 1958), "Observations on the Germanic numerals", German Life and Letters 11 (4): 293–299, doi:10.1111/j._PHONE_.1958.tb00018.x, Some of the Germanic languages appear to show traces of an ancient blending of the decimal with the vigesimal system .
 30. ^ Voyles, Joseph (October 1987), "The cardinal numerals in pre-and proto-Germanic", The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 86 (4): 487–495, JSTOR 27709904 .
 31. ^ There is a surviving list of Ventureño language number words up to 32 written down by a Spanish priest ca. 1819. "Chumashan Numerals" by Madison S. Beeler, in Native American Mathematics, edited by Michael P. Closs (1986), ISBN 0-292-75531-7.
 32. ^ a b Hammarström, Harald (17 May 2007). "Rarities in Numeral Systems". In Wohlgemuth, Jan; Cysouw, Michael. Rethinking Universals: How rarities affect linguistic theory (PDF). Empirical Approaches to Language Typology 45. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter (published 2010). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2007.
 33. ^ Harris, John (1982). Hargrave, Susanne, ed. Facts and fallacies of aboriginal number systems (PDF). Work Papers of SIL-AAB Series B 8. pp. 153–181.
 34. ^ Dawson, J. "Australian Aborigines: The Languages and Customs of Several Tribes of Aborigines in the Western District of Victoria (1881), p. xcviii.
 35. ^ Matsushita, Shuji (1998). Decimal vs. Duodecimal: An


text:
Thiamine deficiency and its prevention and control in major emergencies
Severe thiamine deficiency causes, beriberi, which is a disorder typically associated with a diet consisting largely of polished rice. It may also occur when refined wheat flour forms a major part of the diet and among alcoholics and food faddists. Thiamine deficiency can develop within 2-3 months of inadequate consumption; it is characterized either by cardiac involvement with oedema or by peripheral neuropathy, with intermediate forms between these two extremes also occuring. Left untreated, thiamine deficiency leads to disability and death. In the past decade, several refugee populations that were wholly dependent on food aid have developed thiamine deficiency.
This document is intended primarily as a basis for ensuring adequate thiamine intake among populations in emergency settings. It reviews strategies for preventing thiamine deficiency among refugees and analyses factors influencing success and failure. Also included are a review of the literature on the epidemiology of thiamine deficiency and its signs and symptoms; thiamine's properties and functions and the recommended daily allowance; and a discussion of food sources of this vitamin and its stability.
Thiamine deficiency and its prevention and control in majoy emergencies is the second in an occasional WHO series on the prevention and control of micronutrient deficiencies during emergencies. Reviews concerning scurvy and pellagra are also available.


text:
Data files for some examples
Example pages containing:
: A simple trajectory
plot. Each trajectory is a different color for clarity, and every
fourth time step is marked with a circle. The start of each trajectory
is marked with a green circle.
: Each portion of the
trajectory is now colored by a separate scalar field.
RGBtoCmap will take an external
RGB file and create a colormap out of it.
GetFillColor will assign a color
based upon an input scalar variable.
:This is a unique example
of using multiple xy plots overlaid on each other to simulate a 3D
environment. The angle of the eye view is calculated using the fortran
. To change the
angle at which the plot is viewed, change the values of angle_x,
angle_y, and angle_z in particle.f
. It was compiled using WRAPIT
This technique was developed by
Chin-hoh Moeng of MMM.
A real world plot showing the best tracks for a given season storms,
including all data (subtropical storms, depressions, extratropical
This script was written by Dr. Jonathan Vigh.


Question: What Can Hackers See On Public WiFi?
Can someone hack your phone through WiFi?
Hackers many a times leave the WiFi open to all to use it as a bait.
When someone connects the device to this open WiFi, their device's MAC address and IP address are registered in the router.
Can someone hack my phone by using my hotspot?
Can you be hacked through public WiFi?
Why public WiFi is not safe?
Today's WiFi standards are flawed and should not be trusted. One of the biggest threats with free WiFi is the ability for hackers to position themselves between you and the connection point. So, instead of talking directly with the hotspot, you end up sending your information to the hacker.
What should you not do on public WiFi?
Can public WiFi see your history?
Does a VPN protect you on public WiFi?
So, when you use a VPN on a public Wi-Fi, your usernames, passwords, bank details, credit card numbers, and everything else stays secure. VPNs are not just for public Wi-Fi connections. They will keep you secure even on your mobile data and your home broadband.
Are hotel WiFi safe?
As with airport Wi-Fi, hotel Wi-Fi hotspots are not always secure — even with a password. After all, hotels specialize in hospitality, not information security. There's no guarantee that the person who set up the hotel's Wi-Fi network turned on all the security features.
What can a public WiFi see?
What type of attack do hackers use involving free WiFi?


text:
versão On-line ISSN _PHONE_
GENES DE LOVERA, L; RIVAROLA, C e MATTIO, I. Adenomegaly in children. Diagnostic approach in the hemato-oncology clinic of a Reference Hospital. Pediatr. (Asunción) [online]. 2006, vol.33, n.1, pp. 15-19. ISSN _PHONE_.
Introduction: Adenopathy is one of the most frequent chief complaints in pediatric hematology. Although most cases are due to benign, transitory, self-limited processes, sometimes it is the first manifestation of a more severe disease, such as malignancy. Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics and the diagnostic methods used in patients presenting with adenopathy at the Hemato-oncology Department of the Pediatric Service of the CMI-Hospital de Clínicas, from January 2000 to July 2005. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective, transverse cut study based on clinical records from January 2000 to July 2005. Results: A total of 65 patients presenting with adenopathy were analyzed. Age range was from 1 to 16, with a predominance of children under the age of 5 (41.5%) and a majority of males (68%). Average time since onset of symptoms was 207 days. Most, 81% (53/65) patients presented with localized adenomegaly, of which 66% were in the lateral cervical area. Only 18.5% (12/65) had generalized adenomegaly. The association with splenomegaly was seen in 18.5% (12/65), hepatomegaly in 17% (11/65) and systemic symptoms in 31% (20/65). Chest films were done in 91% (59/65), with a finding of widened mediastinum in 34% (20/59). Abdominal ultrasound was done in 55% (36/65), with a finding of hepatomegaly in 14% (5/36), lymph adenopathy in 5% (2/36). Abdominal CT was done in 49% (32/65), and showed retroperitoneal and para-aortic adenopathy in 22% (7/32). Chest CT was done in 49%, and showed mediastinal adenopathy and pulmonary nodules in 37.5% (12/32). Lymph node biopsy was indicated in 66% of cases, and bone marrow aspirate in 48%. Malignant diseases were slightly more frequent that benign diseases (infectious adenitis in 37%, non-specific reactive hyperplasia in 5%(3/65). Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in 48% of cases (31/65). Conclusions: Children with adenopathy must be managed according to a strictly ordered protocol, designed to deliver the best care for each case, with timely diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Palavras-chave : Adenomegaly; diagnosis; children.


text:
These two metrics are not the same. The first metric is
$$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2$$
while the second metric is
$$ds^2 = r_0^2 d\Omega^2$$
where $r_0$ is a constant, the radius of the sphere. These are different quantities; the spaces involved don't even have the same number of dimensions. The Riemann curvature of the former metric is zero, while the curvature of the latter is not.
You're correct to conclude that the first metric should have zero curvature, since it's related to Cartesian coordinates by a coordinate change and the curvature is a tensor. But this doesn't say anything about the second metric.
You might think the second case should be the same, because the sphere can be embedded into flat space. The geometrical difference is that vectors on the sphere must lie tangent to the sphere. That means that parallel transport on the sphere is not the same as parallel transport in the embedding space, since in the former case, we have to project the vector back down to the sphere after every step.