text:
JOSH STEPHENSON/Durango Herald
JOSH STEPHENSON/Durango Herald
Wommer. Greer. Short. McCluer. Ludwig. Fassbinder. Frazier. Mason.
Many of the families that formed the backbone of La Plata County in its first few decades came West following the American dream: to own their own land. This dream was possible in large part because of the Homestead Act signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862.
President John F. Kennedy, in 1962, called the law "probably the single greatest stimulus to national development ever enacted."
The act, with additional versions Congress approved over the next 50 years, allowed people to homestead anywhere from 160 acres to 640 acres by improving the land and building a small dwelling.
"By and large, people were coming for opportunity; they were coming to establish their families," said Ruth Lambert, the cultural program director for the San Juan Mountains Association, who has done studies in the county documenting older buildings. "They were not speculators."
It was a grueling task at best.
James Frazier homesteaded on the Florida Mesa in 1899, when the Ute Strip was opened for staking, and two people were killed in disputes about conflicting claims and boundaries.
He kept a diary for several years, and excerpts are included in Pioneers of the San Juan Country, a history of the area's early settlers.
"It might appear to some that homesteading would be an interesting experience and adventure," he wrote in 1904. "I do not think anyone who has been through the racket and privations would want another homestead on the same terms. To be shot at and cussed at and to fight a case of protest and worry, working and starving on a place that might all go to another fellow, is not an enjoyable condition."
The early years
"I think it was just terrible," said Barbara Jefferies. Her family has several branches that earned homestead patents, or deeds, including the Wommers, who date back to the late 1870s in the Pine River Valley. "Everything was hard. They dug ditches by hand and wells by hand."
The Wommer Ditch, which still carries water from the Pine River to farms and ranches in the valley, was dug in 1879 by several homesteaders, including Nicholas Wommer, who started the original homestead with his wife, Elizabeth.
"He wasn't getting any water down the ditch," Jefferies said about her great-grandfather Nicholas. "So he rode up to see what was happening. Another homesteader shot him in the head and killed him."
Elizabeth was left a widow with six children in July 1882, and was still able to file final papers for her homestead the next year and earn her patent. The area was originally part of the summer hunting grounds of the Ute Indian Tribe.
Jefferies' sister, LaVina Mars, still lives on the Wommer homestead, although the original house is no longer standing.
"When they tore that down, it had bullet holes in it from the Indians," Mars said. "When there were hostilities, Elizabeth would take her children down by the river and hide them in pairs in the willows, so that if some were found and killed, she wouldn't lose all of them."
The Ludwig branch of the family had its own fatality over water: Henry Ludwig killed himself after killing his neighbor Abner Lowell in a shootout when Lowell blocked the water in the ditch.
The family, Jefferies said, thought "it would have been considered self-defense."
The Wommer family can now claim seven generations in La Plata County.
'On his 21st birthday'
Based in the southwestern part of La Plata County, the Greer family can trace its roots in La Plata County back to the Baker Party of 1860-61, the first European Americans who came to the southern San Juan Mountains. But it was the third generation, Pat Greer's father Frank, who homesteaded in the Marvel area in 1903.
Pat Greer, who will celebrate his 80th birthday in 2013, and his wife, Lila, still live on the homestead at Greer Corner.
"My father staked this homestead on his 21st birthday," Pat Greer said. "He took odd jobs, but was pretty big in cattle. He lost virtually everything during the Depression."
The homestead didn't get electricity until 1942 or refrigeration until 1952.
"We would butcher five or six hogs," Pat Greer said, pointing out the smokehouse that is still standing. "We would smoke hams and bacon, then my mother would can the fresh pork. We didn't waste anything."
Except for the nine months he lived in Durango while studying at the high school, he has always lived on the homestead where he was born. But Greer spent 33 years as an engineer for the highway department to support his family.
"It's a hard area to make a living, but a good place to raise kids," he said, looking across the acreage he knows so well.
'Sense of community'
"The isolation was so magnified in those past times," said Lambert, with the San Juan Mountains Association. "It was an all-day trip to Durango to get supplies for most of them."
But one thing in particular struck Lambert in her research into the early days of La Plata County's homesteaders, who had to depend on their neighbors in times of need, and their descendants, who still today are quick to help.
"The thing that really came through was the fact that these people have grown up together, gone through school together, tended to marry each other," she said. "They seem to have grown up with a sense of community and an understanding that's how you treat people."


Irrigation scheduling involves applying the right amount of water, in the right place at the right time in order to maximise production and improve water use efficiency.
Soil moisture monitoring tools are commonly used in the irrigation industry to assist cotton growers with their scheduling decisions. They provide soil moisture information at a specific location within a field.
This fact sheet from CottonInfo's water use efficiency team outlines more.


You are here
The Discover! series of task cards challenges children to think about ordinary items in entirely new ways. Just hand them the object and the card set and let the observation, and the thinking, begin!
From Discover! A Milk Carton: How many times can you find the word "milk" on the carton?
gear mail


text:
Cross-correlation clarifies the relationships between PID control loops. With accurate measurement of process signals, loops can be compared against each other using a time-shift to identify those loops that are correlated. The resulting detail indicates whether one loop leads or lags another, and it enables production staff to quickly zoom in on the source of control loop performance issues.
PlantESP's correlation matrix graphically displays the many relationships on either a unit operation or plant-wide basis. Its use of color-coding provides a clear indication of leading loops that are upstream in the process (Red) versus lagging loops located downstream (Blue). PlantESP also specifies the timing of that relationship.
PlantESP makes it easy to switch from one advanced forensic tool to another. Control loops selected in the Cross-Correlation matrix can be evaluated in the Power Spectrum viewer with the touch of a button.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This approach is similar to the weighted sum method but instead of
directly using the ratings of similar items it uses an approximation
of the ratings based on regression model. In practice, the
similarities computed using cosine or correlation measures may be
misleading in the sense that two rating vectors may be distant (in
Euclidean sense) yet may have very high similarity. In that case using
the raw ratings of the ''so called'' similar item may result in poor
prediction. The basic idea is to use the same formula as the weighted
sum technique, but instead of using the similar item N's ''raw''
ratings values Ru,N's, this model uses their approximated values
Ru,N' based on a linear regression model. If we denote the
respective vectors of the target item i and the similar item N by
Ri and RN the linear regression model can be expressed as
The regression model parameters and are determined by going over both of the rating vectors. is the error of the regression model.


text:
Copyright © 2007 Dorling Kindersley
A composite is a combination of two or more different materials. The new material combines the best properties, such as strength and lightness, of each of the individual materials. There are examples of composites all around us. Boats, bikes, tennis rackets, even dental fillings are all made of composites. Most composites are synthetic materials, but they also occur in nature.
Bone is a composite of hydroxyapatite and a protein called collagen. The hydroxyapatite is a brittle but hard and rigid material that gives bone its structural strength. The collagen is soft and spongy, giving bone its flexibility. Bone is 80–90 per cent hydroxyapatite and 10–20 per cent collagen protein.
The Smart car is a modern two-seater car that is very light, so it uses less fuel than heavier cars. It has also been designed to take up less room in city centres. Over 40 per cent of a Smart car is made from composite materials. It has been put together in panels, so each composite panel can be easily replaced.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Referenced Document has non-matching Internal ID
When opening assemblies, users sometimes get a message saying the referenced document has a non-matching internal ID. Let's explore why this occurs and how to remedy the issue.
What's an internal ID?
The internal ID is a number that is automatically generated and assigned to any part you create in SOLIDWORKS. This is not viewable or changable by the user. Once created, the internal ID will remain the same throughout the life of that part.
If you rename the part, the internal ID will remain the same. If you create a copy of the part and give it a different name, both files will have the same internal ID. If two files have non-matching internal IDs, it means they have the same name but different internal IDs. This means they were created independently of each other and are most likely not identical files.
Still confused? Here's an example.
When Part B is created from Part A, both parts will have the same Internal ID. Also, Parts A and B will share the exact same topology. This means swapping A out for B in an assembly typically goes much smoother because the face names (topology) match up. This is also very useful for design automation products such as DriveWorks or TactonWorks.
When Part B is created independently from Part A, they will have different internal IDs. Unless the files are purposefully built identically, they will most likely not share the same topology.
For instance, one may be started on the front plane while the other may be started on the right plane. The resulting solid geometry may be identical, but the part topology is different. Swapping A out for B in this instance will likely require the mates to be reworked in the assembly.
What you can do to fix it:
When you open an assembly and it informs you the internal IDs are different, you must decide whether this is the correct part or not.
Option #1: Is the referenced file in the correct location? Is the path shown in the dialog the expected location for this file? If not, select "Let me browse for the original file" and select the correct file. You may also want to determine why you have multiple versions of the same part number in the vault.
Option #2: If the file is in the correct location, was the file replaced with a more current file? If so, click "Use this file anyway" and the assembly will open with the file. Check the mates for the part to make sure they are correct. In most cases, they will not be unless the files were created identically on purpose.
Option #3: At this stage, depending on how the parts were created, the assembly may blow up. If it does blow up, close the assembly without saving. Reopen the assembly, and when prompted to use the file or not, select the "Open without this document" option. Once the assembly is open, you can delete the suppressed part from the tree and add it back in using the Insert Components dialog.
After opening the assembly with the correct part, you will need to save the assembly to update the file references. Once the assembly is saved with the new part it should recognize the internal ID from then on.


Latest release of socket server code
The latest release of the free version of my asynchronous, windows, IOCP based, socket server framework can now be obtained from here at
The latest release is really just a bug fix and compiler compatability release. The code now supports Visual Studio 2005 (as well as VC6, Visual Studio.Net (2002) and Visual Studio 2003). I've fixed the memory leak bugs that were present in the ThreadPoolLargePacketEchoServer sample and worked around the iostream leak that's present in the Visual Studio 2005 version of STL. I've also included a set of build configurations for the basic echo server that builds the system with STLPort rather than the standard Visual Studio STL.
The bug fixes are reported here. Please note that this version of the code still suffers from poor handling of low resource issues; see here for the kind of things that could leave you with an unresponsive server.
I expect that this will be the last release of the free code. Though, I expected that last time too ;)
The example servers are as follows:
 - EchoServer - the basic example server that simply echoes back the data it receives.
 - PacketEchoServer - a server that echoes back complete packets, each packet starts with a length indicator. This is slightly more "real world" as many protocols have a header that indicates the length of the packet that follows.
 - SimpleProtocolServer - a server that operates on variable length packets that are terminated with a \r\n sequence. This is the other common way to determine how much data the client is sending in one "command". Things like SMTP and POP3 use this style of protocol.
 - SimpleProtocolServer2 - a version of the SimpleProtocolServer above that uses a separate thread pool to actually process the requests. This is potentially useful if the requests will block (such as requests to a database, perhaps). If you have X IO threads and all of them are engaged in a blocking activity at once then your communications subsystem stops responding! This server architecture avoids that problem by passing complete command packets to another thread pool via an in process FIFO queue so that the blocking operations do not adversly affect the communications subsystem.
 - ThreadPoolLargePacketEchoServer - a really contrived example that I've only ever used to demonstrate some theory. This server is a packet echo server that runs the communications subsystem with a small buffer size and yet requires that the server only echo packets that do not fit completely in the small buffer size. This means that the server copies data from the IO buffers into "transfer buffers" that it then passes to another thread pool to echo. I've never found a use for this architecture but it might be useful if your protocol uses buffers that are 99% one size and occasionally bigger...
I recommend using the simplest server architecture that you can. That means you're probably looking for something based on either the second or third example. If you access a database or other slow, blocking, non async device then you should probably use a variation on server four. If you think you really need to use the fifth server as a base get in touch and I'll talk you out of it ;)
Due to how I have my CVS repository structured and how I like to work on servers in isolation (I sometimes work on multiple servers at once and like to build/rebuild them without affecting other work in progress), each server has its own copy of the "tools" library.
Please report any bugs that you may find via email.
You probably need the platform SDK to build the code. See disclaimers on the previous release and on the original code project articles for more details.
If you need more than this free code provides then take a look at the rest of for details of The Server Framework a licensed and fully supported high performance server framework.
Updated: 18 Feb - fixed a bug in the new version of ToString()
Updated: 25 Feb - added the files for the CStringConverter class so that the fix I added on the 18th actually compiles!
Updated: 27 Oct - bug fix for CSocket::InternetAddress - see here for details
Updated: 14 March - link to the differences between this free version of the code and the licensed version: see here.
Updated: 10 Jan 2008 - bug fix for the write sequencing memory leak and data loss - see here for details
Updated: 12 Jan 2008 - bug fix for the potential deadlock bug - see here for details
Updated: 21 April 2009 - see here for a bug fix for a connection termination issue that leaves I/O threads unresponsive (note that this fix is not currently included in the code on this page.
Updated: 4 October 2010 - moved the code to
There seems to be some wierdness with the new implementation of ToString() on VC6. Will post a fix when I have one.
The wierdness was me ;) The new version of ToString() used std::wostringstream for the wide character version whereas the original code used the narrow version and then converted the result. There's a good reason for doing it the old way... Since on VC6 (and optionally on later compilers) wchar_t is, in fact, unsigned short the wide streams can't stream an unsigned short as they assume it's a string...
Hi Len,
I was testing various completion port based server solutions and finally I decided to play longer with your solution. I am really impressed with the quality and usability of your JetByte server tools.
I found a small problem trying to use "". The compiler complains that it cannot find "CStringConverter::AtoW" when building unicode version of SimpleProtocolServer2. Is the CStringConverter class a standard one?
Thanks for the compliment.
I'll check the build, I adjusted a couple of includes at the last minute due to the ToString() changes and I expect it's a precompiled header issue.
I've fixed that problem and uploaded a new zip file. There were two missing files (for the CStringConverter class). This came about because I first fixed the VS2005 ToString() leak in this code and then ported it to my latest libraries, they don't use USES_CONVERSION as it's evil ;). I added some tests to the new code and found the unsigned short issue with the new code so I fixed the bug in the new lib and then ported the code back to the old socket server codebase. Looks like I didn't try a compile before I shipped it! Unusual for me to be this slack but I've had a bit of a week.
Hi Len,
thanks for the wonderful code. I'm (re)using your framework and it works great. One thing that i'm trying to achieve is to introduce priority queues in the framework so I can provide a prioritized service depending on a type of the message. Would you have any suggestion what approach to take. I would really appreciate your thoughts.
best regrads.
I dont have a priority queue class. I guess I'd probably build one using an std::list of std::lists of items a critical section to make it thread safe and a semaphore to allow me to wait on it having entries...
Once you have that working then you could replace the IOCP between the IO threads and the "business logic" threads with your priority queue and you're done...
Hi Len,
This library looks terrific. You mention that we can pay a fee to subscribe to get the latest version. What is the fee and how do we subscribe? I don't see your e-mail address on here anywhere.
Contact details are on the main page, on the right, under links...
I've emailed you details.
First of all, your great solution.
In this version, When the client's socket is disconnected,
CThreadPoolWorkerThread::OnConnectionClosing function is called. But sometimes is not called.
Is something wrong?
Also CThreadPoolWorkerThread::OnConnectionClosed function is not implemented.
If I want to call OnConnectionClosed, how do I?
For example, I customized the code like below.
Is right? :(
enum DispatchEvents
ConnectionClosed, // added
bool CSocketServer::OnConnectionClosed( Socket *pSocket)
return true;
// added new func
void CThreadPool::DispatchConnectionClosed(
Socket *pSocket)
DoDispatch(pSocket, 0, ConnectionClosed);
sorry for my english.
OnConnectionClosing() is called if the server initiates the socket closure, you should also handle OnConnectionClientClose() to deal with situations where the client closes the connection and OnConnectionReset() for errors, etc.
OnConnectionClosed() is called once the socket itself has been closed, this may be in response to an explicit call to Close() from the server code or due to the reference count on the socket reaching 0.
Hi Len
I would like to implement a server containing both the broadcast server and the tcpserver handling multiple connections, do I need to create one iocp handle for both or just use one iocp handle for each?
I dont understand the question... Are you using my source code? If so I assume you're asking if you can create one instance of the IOPool and share that between servers? If so, then yes, see the EchoServer example code for details.
Hi Len,
Suppose I have to connect() to some other tcp based servers in parallel with running your tcp server. Can i connect() to the any remote server and add my socket to the iocp handle to participate in iocp events for WSARecv() and WSASend() completion events for those sockets? If yes, how to do this?
Yes, all of the new servers allow outbound connections and they share the iocp, io threads, socket and buffer pools with any inbound connections


text:
Great War: _PHONE_ (paperback)
The Great War was the first truly global conflict, and it changed the course of world history In this magnum opus, critically-acclaimed historian Peter Hart examines the conflict in every arena around the world, in a history that combines cutting edge scholarship with vivid and unfamiliar eyewitness accounts, from kings and generals, and ordinary soldiers. He focuses in particular on explaining how technology and tactics developed during the conflict - and determines which battles were crucial to its outcome. Combatants from every corner of Earth joined the fray, but their voices are rarely heard together. This is a major history of the conflict whose centenary is fast approaching. Published in paperback for the anniversary of the conflict, this is a pioneering and comprehensive account of the First World War, comparable to Anthony Beevor or Max Hastings.About the authorPeter Hart is Oral Historian at the Imperial War Museum and a leading expert on the First World War. He is the co-author of Passchendaele and Jutland, and the author of books including The Somme and Gallipoli.


text:
I have created a calculator in applet using awt. I got a problem in textfield as when you type, textfield displays from left to right but calculator displays from right to left. So what should i do so that textfield should print from right.
Joined: Mar 22, 2005
You can pad whatever you want to display with spaces on the left side. If you use a monospaced font (like Courier) then the width taken up by a space character is the same as the width of any digit. So if you want to display a 5-digit number, you'd prepend 20 spaces to it (assuming your TextField is 25 characters wide).


text:
Description: Select all elements at an index greater than
index within the matched set.
version added: 1.0jQuery( ":gt(index)" )
index: Zero-based index.
version added: 1.8jQuery( ":gt(-index)" )
indexFromEnd: Zero-based index, counting backwards from the last element.
The index-related selector expressions (including this "greater than" selector) filter the set of elements that have matched the expressions that precede them. They narrow the set down based on the order of the elements within this matched set. For example, if elements are first selected with a class selector (
.myclass) and four elements are returned, these elements are given indices 0 through 3 for the purposes of these selectors.
$( ".myclass:gt(1)" ) selects elements after the second element in the document with the class
myclass, rather than after the first. In contrast,
:nth-child(n) uses 1-based indexing to conform to the CSS specification.
Prior to jQuery 1.8, the
:gt(index) selector did not accept a negative value for
:gt()is a jQuery extension and not part of the CSS specification, queries using
:gt()cannot take advantage of the performance boost provided by the native DOM
querySelectorAll()method. For better performance in modern browsers, use
Give TD #5 and higher a yellow background and TD #8 a red text color.


A look at breeds and varieties of blue cats.
Coat and Color (Click on each image for a more detailed example)
British Shorthair
COAT:The coat is short, very dense, well bodied, and firm to the touch. Not double coated or woolly.COLOR: for cats with special markings: 5 points for coat color and 10 points for markings. Shadow tabby markings in solid color, smoke, shaded, shaded golden, bi-color, or calico kittens are not a fault.
Solid - White; black; blue; red; cream; smoke; shaded silver; shaded golden; chinchilla silver; chinchilla golden; shell cameo; shaded cameo.
Tabby colors and patterns - classic tabby; mackerel tabby; spotted tabby; silver, sliver patched, and sliver patched tabby and white (all patterns); red tabby (all patterns); brown, brown patched, brown patched tabby and white (all patterns); blue, blue patched, and blue patched tabby and white (all patterns); cream tabby (all patterns) tabby and white (all patterns); van tabby and white (all patterns
Bi-colors and Parti-colors - tortiseshell, calico and dilute calico, van and van dilute calico, blue-cream, bi-color, van bi-color.
DISQUALIFY: Long or fluffy coat.Evidence of hybridization resulting in the colors chocolate, lavender, the himalayan pattern, or these combinations with white. (individual colors may have additional disqualifications - these apply to all examples of the breed)
COAT: Medium-short and slightly woolly in texture (should break like a sheepskin at neck and flanks). Resilient undercoat; longer, protective topcoat. NOTE: degree of woolliness depends on age, sex and habitat, mature males exhibiting the heaviest coats. Silkier, thinner coat permitted on females and cats under two years.
COLOR: any shade of blue-gray from ash to slate; tips lightly brushed with silver. Emphasis on color clarity and uniformity rather than shade. Preferred tone is a bright, unblemished blue with an overall iridescent sheen. Nose leather is slate gray; lips blue; paw pads are rose-taupe. Allowance made for ghost barring in kittens and for tail rings in juveniles under two years of age.
DISQUALIFY: white locket
COAT: single. Hair is short in length, glossy and fine, lying close to the body. The coat over the spine is inclined to break as the cat moves.
COLOR: silver-tipped blue all over, the silver should be sufficient to produce a silver halo effect. The hair is usually lighter at the roots with a gradient of blue which is deepest just before the tips which are silver. Adults should be without shading or tabby markings. Allow for ghost tabby markings in kittens. Where the coat is short, the sheen of the silver is intensified. Undesirable: coats with silver tipping on only the head, legs and feet. Nose leather and lips: dark blue or lavender. Paw pads: dark blue ranging to lavender with a pinkish tinge.
DISQUALIFY: White spot or locket. Any color but silver-tipped blue.
Russian Blue
COAT: short, dense, fine, and plush. Double coat stands out from body due to density. It has a distinct soft and silky feel.
COLOR: even bright blue throughout. Lighter shades of blue preferred. Guard hairs distinctly silver-tipped giving the cat a silvery sheen or lustrous appearance. A definite contrast should be noted between ground color and tipping. Free from tabby markings. Nose leather: slate grey. Paw pads: lavender pink or mauve.
DISQUALIFY: Locket or button. Incorrect number of toes. Any color other than blue. Long coat.


Sequential Intercept Mapping (SIM) Process
Alameda County launched a Sequential Intercept Mapping (SIM) planning process in 2017, gathering over 100 diverse stakeholders from local government, community based organizations, and medical/behavioral health providers to:
1) develop a comprehensive picture of how people with mental health (MH) or substance use disorder (SUD) conditions flow through the criminal justice system within Alameda County;
2) identify gaps, resources, and opportunities for individuals in this population; and
3) develop and prioritize strategies to improve systemand service-level responses for individuals in the target population. The SIM process identified unmet needs for the reentry population including mental health services, substance use disorder recovery services, and housing resources.
Justice Involved Mental Health Taskforce


text:
This session will focus on introducing the use of negotiated projects and the Australian curriculum in a State School prep class. Real-life examples of how Anne has incorporated negotiated projects and The Australian Curriculum at beginning of the Prep year will be discussed. Anne aims to demonstrate how they can be used to fulfil requirements outlined in both the Early Years Curriculum Guidelines and the Australian Curriculum (C2C)
Key ideas will include:
- Anne's ongoing work with maintaining a Play based pedagogy in a State School Prep Class.
- Focused teaching that compliments Projects & the Australian Curriculum expectations.
- Examples of how Anne has begun to implement Projects and the content of C2C and Australian Curriculum
Anne Pearson is currently a Prep Teacher at the New Mango Hill S.S. Prior to teaching at Mango Hill SS Anne was a demonstration teacher for QUT at Kelvin Grove SC. Anne has experience in Prep and Preschool settings. Anne has previously presented on Playing with the Australian Curriculum at the 2011ECTA conference, and is a passionate advocate of appropriate Early Years Pedagogy as recommended by QSA and Education Queensland. Anne is constantly working on ways to best support her students and support the new Australian Curriculum. Opportunities for discussion will be provided in the presentation.
Relevant QCT Standards: 2, 9, 10


Indexing NumPy Arrays
In the Arrays intro, you probably noticed an example where we used square brackets after an array to select a specific part of the array. In this article, we will see how we can identify and select parts of our arrays, whether 1d or 2d.
Let's get started by importing our NumPy module and setting up an array of World Cup years. We'll do this by calling 'arange' for every 4 years, then using 'np.delete' – a numpy function to remove parts of an array – to remove 1942 & 1946 (these are in locations 3 & 4).
In [1]:
import numpy as np
_TAG_ 4 years since 1930
WCYears = np.arange(1930,2018,4)
_TAG_ World Cup in 1942 or 1946
WCYears = np.delete(WCYears,(3,4))
array([1930, 1934, 1938, 1950, 1954, 1958, 1962, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1978,
 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014])
Bracket selection
Following an array with square brackets is the easiest way to select an individual value or range.
Two important things to remember that will be second nature to you soon:
1) Any range includes the first number, but not the final one.
2) Indexes begin at 0 in Python.
In [2]:
_TAG_ year was the third World Cup held?
In [3]:
_TAG_ me the 4 World Cup years following WW2
array([1950, 1954, 1958, 1962])
Bracket selection allows you to make changes to any of these figures, just like you would do with a variable. Be careful, though, as you cannot undo this and will have to go several steps back!
Selections in a 2d array (grid)
Bracket selection is also used to make selections on a grid. We have two options to do so:
grid[row][column] OR grid[row,column]
Both are essentially the same, so use whatever works for you and be aware that you may see it differently elsewhere!
In [4]:
_TAG_ our 2d array
WCYears = [2002,2006,2010,2014]
WCHosts = ["Japan/Korea","Germany","South Africa","Brazil"]
WCWinners = ["Brazil","Italy","Spain","Germany"]
WCArray = np.array((WCYears,WCHosts,WCWinners))
array([['2002', '2006', '2010', '2014'],
 ['Japan/Korea', 'Germany', 'South Africa', 'Brazil'],
 ['Brazil', 'Italy', 'Spain', 'Germany']],
In [5]:
#2010 is the third year, find the host in the second row
'South Africa'
In [6]:
_TAG_ the winner of the last World Cup
_TAG_ selection!
Selecting parts of an array with criteria
So far, we have only selected values when we know their location. Quite often, we won't know where things are, or will want to find something completely new.
NumPy allows us to select based on criteria that we give it. We will give it a test and if numbers return as 'True', then it will give them to us.
In [7]:
WCYears = np.array([1966,1970,1974,1978])
WCTopScorers = np.array(["Eusebio","Muller","Lato","Kempes"])
WCGoals = np.array([9,10,7,6])
In [8]:
_TAG_ does the top scorer score more than 8 goals?
WCGoals > 8
array([ True, True, False, False], dtype=bool)
In [9]:
_TAG_ particularly useful, but we can then use bracket selection with this!
array(['Eusebio', 'Muller'],
As you can see, the first query ('WCGoals>8′) returns an array of True or False. We then plug this into another array, which will return only the locations that are True. This allows us to get the scorers' names, not just a True or False. This is useful with small arrays, but will be a massive help when we deal with bigger datasets.
Selecting values in either a 1d or 2d array is really easy. If we know where we want to look, we have square brackets containing index numbers – one number for a 1d array, or 2 numbers for row/column in a grid.
However, we do not just have to pass in the index, we can pass in an array of True or False values that allow us to filter based on a criteria.


text:
Fertilizing Provides Urban Trees with Necessary Nutritional Supplements
Trees in urban environments are often under high stress conditions due to low moisture availability, soil compaction, physical damage, nearby construction, and competition from turf and nearby trees and shrubs.
Fertilization of your trees and shrubs is vital not only for their growth, but also maintains and improves their health. Healthier trees live longer and are more resistant to insects and disease. Fertilizing is an important step in rebuilding root systems and balancing soil conditions. It also provides essential nutrients for maintaining good plant health in urban environments.
Heath Tree Service uses liquid fertilizers that are injected into the soil in the critical root zone of your trees. While simultaneously aerating compacted pore space, this adds needed essential organic nutrients from balanced fertilizers and micro-nutrients back to the soil to help your trees and shrubs enjoy continued healthy growth.


Tuesday, May 7, 2019
SQL Server - How to get difference between two dates
If you are working as a SQL Professional then there is a lot of activities which are related to dates. You have to write SQL queries to find out the difference between two dates or need to get the next day, next month, next week, next quarter or next year to set some business logic.
Business Scenario
Suppose that you need to send an email alert to your customers to remind them to pay the invoice bill after 30 days of invoice generation as per their contract. Hence, you have to write an SQL based program to check all the unpaid invoices which comes under this conditions.
Here, In your SQL based program (it may be a stored procedure which may be schedule to run on the daily basis on the defined schedule), you have to get the difference between the invoice date and current running date.
If the difference result is matched with the contract with the customer then system will pull that invoice and send it to the customer as the email attachment.
To full-fill the above business needs, you have to use some defined SQL Date related functions such as -
DateDIFF(interval, date1, date2) is used to get the differences between two dates and return numeric values such as difference in years, months, quarters, days, weeks, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds and nanoseconds etc. The interval of time is used to calculate the difference between date1 and date2. It can be one of the following values:
Value (any one of)
year, yyyy, yy
Year interval
quarter, qq, q
Quarter interval
month, mm, m
Month interval
Day of year interval
day, dy, y
Day interval
week, ww, wk
Week interval
weekday, dw, w
Weekday interval
hour, hh
Hour interval
minute, mi, n
Minute interval
second, ss, s
Second interval
millisecond, ms
Millisecond interval
---- Difference in years
SELECT DATEDIFF(year, '2012/04/28', '2014/04/28');
Result: 2
---- Difference in months
SELECT DATEDIFF(month, '2014/01/01', '2014/04/28');
Result: 3
---- Difference in days
SELECT DATEDIFF(day, '2014/01/01', '2014/04/28');
Result: 117
---- Difference in hours
SELECT DATEDIFF(hour, '2014/04/28 08:00', '2014/04/28 10:45');
Result: 2
---- Difference in minutes
SELECT DATEDIFF(minute, '2014/04/28 08:00', '2014/04/28 10:45');
Result: 165
To watch a demo video, please visit our YouTube channel -
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Dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, ADHD, etc., are considered as learning disabilities. Having a child who has learning disabilities can be expensive, especially if a school refuses to identify and/or provide necessary instruction.
The Canadian Disability Tax Credit (DTC) is a possible way to recover costs and to pay for future expenses.
It is a process that you must research before applying on your own or hiring a company specializing in DTC. Certain criteria must be met.
Filling out forms and writing the required letters takes a short amount of time. Form T2201 has a section that must be filled out by a medical practitioner, which includes educational psychologists who have an expertise in learning disabilities.
EVEN THOUGH your psychologist gives a significant and sufficient amount of information on this form, your psychologist will have to fill out another form.
If you are accepted, you will have to write a brief letter stating that you want benefits extended back to your child's birth year.
You may hire a company to help you apply for the DTC. These companies have knowledge of this process and are knowledgeable about Canada Revenue Agency's criteria. These companies will charge a percentage of the tax credit received. Expect to pay up to a few thousand dollars for their services when approved.
The constituency office may also help guide you.
When approved you will receive up to tens of thousands of dollars. You will also be eligible for other tax measures and tax credits such as: medical expense supplements, working income tax benefits, child care expenses, registered disability savings plan, certain education-related benefits, GST exemptions, and disability support deduction of expenses such as: tutoring expenses, talking textbooks, reading services, note-taking services, etc.
Canada Revenue Agency is looking for certain criteria. Some psychologists will need guidance on how to fill out the forms.
If criteria are not met, there will be a denial. You then can write a letter to have your application reviewed.
Use the guide below as it is a synopsis of information from Government of Canada.
Key Information for Canadian Disability Tax Credit: Learning Disabilities
Synopsis of information for Learning Disabilities from Government of Canada – see links below.
To help you understand the applying process, the following are key points of information from the Government of Canada website:
Guide RC4064, Disability-Related Information, is a great resource.
A Medical Practitioner must certify that there is a severe and prolonged impairment in mental functions. Eligibility is based on the effects of the impairment, not on the medical condition itself.
People who have dyslexia, dyscalculia, ADHD, etc. were born with this condition. This meets the criteria of lasting, continuously, for at least 12 months.
The criteria must meet marked restrictions in two or more basic activities of daily living 90% of the time even with appropriate therapy, medication, and devices.
You and your child's medical practitioner must fill out the application form T2201, Disability Tax Credit Certification with the following:
1. Information about the person with the disability.
2. Information about the person claiming the disability amount.
3. Authorization must be given to allow your medical practitioner to give/discuss information.
4.The section titled: Mental Functions Necessary for Everyday Life, may be filled out by a medical doctor, a nurse practitioner (they must have a report giving a diagnosis of dyslexia, dysgraphia, ADHD, etc.) or a psychologist. Ideally, have the educational psychologist who made the official diagnosis fill out this form and give certification.
5. Your psychologist must refer to this section for requirements when describing the Effects of Impairment section on the last page of this form.
For the section, Effects of Impairment, describe everyday living supports and supervisions that are needed 90% of the time.
The following are key:
Lack initiative or motivation, disorganized behavior, and/or unable to anticipate consequences of behavior.
Adaptive functioning examples:
Abilities related to self-care, safety, abilities to initiate and respond to social interactions and common, simple transactions.
Ability to remember simple instructions, basic personal information, or material of importance and interest.
Problem-solving, goal setting and judgment (taken together) examples:
The ability to solve problems, set and keep goals, and make the appropriate decisions and judgements.
Remember: Effects of Impairment must be significantly restricted to happen 90% of the time with two or more effects.
Ensure that your psychologist makes NO REFERENCE, to school and to parental experiences as they will harm chances for approval.
Restrictions for daily things that take longer than the average person are to be written, such as:
-Cannot read or needs assistance reading written instructions, street signs, menus, posters, letters, faxes, emails, maps, etc.
-Needs help with finding and returning from locations
-Needs reminders for completing tasks: put boots away, clean room, put laundry away, put items in dishwasher, etc.
-Needs supervision for making payments and for receiving money, can be taken advantage of, etc.
-Need adaptions to express and communicate information: needs use of technology to help spell, needs an editor, needs time to write to take down instructions, notes, letters, emails, etc.
It is important to state these restrictions are life long (from birth and all day). Use an additional sheet as there is not much room on the certificate form. Significant and sufficient information must be provided.
Examples from eligibility criteria for the disability tax credit and guide RC4064:
Example 1, Garry can carry out the mental functions necessary for everyday live, but can concentrate on any topic for only a short period of time.
Other comments need to be written to describe: He is unable to anticipate consequences of behavior when interacting with others; he cannot make a common, simple transaction without help, such as a purchase at the grocery store, at least 90% of the time; he continues to need daily supervision given the unpredictability of symptoms of his impairment, such as his lack of initiative and motivation, and his disorganized behavior; etc.
Examples of some accepted DTC comments:
For everyday life:
-Never locks door when using a public bathroom, never ties her own shoes, never changes to wear different clothes without instruction, etc.
-Only sometimes bathes/showers without direction, only sometimes washes hair properly or tidies self or checks clothing without direction
-Struggles to attend and hold information of working memory long enough to recall and carry out instructions.
-Unable to read and obey common signs and recall routes.
-Weak recall of directions from others and weak directional orientation so easily lost. Unable to reliably follow traffic signals and access road situations due to high distractibility.
- Struggles to inhibit impulses. For example, sits in a chair dangerously, does not "stop and think", easily exploited to due weak impulse control.
-Requires significant intervention to stop an activity and shift to another when required. For example, stopping required activity, move to another activity, and starting the new activity. Unable to self-monitor and evaluate proper completion of task. Needs assistance to edit written work and to read some instructions.
-Cannot consistently recall address, sequence for month of the year, coin values and combinations, basic arithmetic facts, letter-sound combinations, routes for travel.
-Will continue to lay behind peers even with appropriate medication, devices, and therapy.
Once received by the Winnipeg Tax Centre you and/or your psychologist will be contacted. A new form (questionnaire) must be filled out by your psychologist answering medical history and effects of the impairment(s) as they related to the condition(s) diagnosed.
Being accepted, you will receive a deposit (only for a certain amount of years). If you would like to receive Child Disability Benefit for years back to birth date you will need to submit a written request to the CRA. For example,
As per the letter dated (month day, year) for the Disability Tax Credit Program I was advised that a written request be submitted to claim Child Disability Benefit for years prior to 20_ _. Therefore, I am requesting to claim Child Disability Benefit for (name of child) for the (birth year) to 20_ _ base years.
(Sign and dated)
If you are denied you can ask for a review of your application (in writing within 90 days).
Manitoba Constituency Office
Eligibility criteria for the disability tax credit: _URL_
Guide RC4064, Disability-Related Information: _URL_
Form T2201, Disability Tax Credit Certificate: _URL_
What is a schwa?
It is an unstressed and toneless neutral vowel that is found in an unstressed syllable. It is represented with an upside-down e: /ə/ and it makes a short u sound.
How many syllables does the word 'about' have?
There are two syllables: a-bout.
Saying the word 'about', which syllable is stressed?
The second syllable is stressed: a-'bout.
What does the sound of 'a' make in the word 'about'?
It sounds toneless and is unstressed. It is like /uh/ or the short u sound. The 'a' is a schwa.
Schwas are lazy sounding vowels. It is the most used vowel sound. All vowels and two vowel diagraphs (oo and ou) make this vowel sound.
Vowel(s) Word Phonetics
a what hwə


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We made sugar cube sculptures. What a fun and surprising lesson in building, painting, and dissolving!
- Box of sugar cubes
- Glue bottle
- Sturdy base to glue onto
- Paint in squeezy bottles
Boxes of sugar cubers were harder to find than I thought, but I ultimately found them at our big supermarket (and bought 2!). We used scrap wood for the base, basic Elmer's school glue, and Nancy Bottles for the paint.
I suggested that we could build a sculpture with the sugar cubes, and presented N with the materials. That's all she needed to hear before she began to glue the cubes onto the panel.
And stack them up tall.
You can see that this isn't the strongest structure in the world!! I filled some Nancy Bottles with watered down BioColor paint, which my daughter then squeezed all over the sculpture. Because the water acted as a dissolving agent, if I were to do this again I'd use straight-up paint without the additional water.
It's looking a little patriotic, no?
And it end up in this beautiful heap of swirly, melting color. Not exactly what I imagined when we started, but it did lead to some wonderful conversations about dissolving. We only used about 1/10 of the sugar cubes to make the sculpture, so why not set up a dissolving experiment with the rest of the cubes?!
The next day N turned the remaining cubes into sugar water in under five minutes. It was quick, but what a great lesson and experience!


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How many Norwegian domain names are there? How many new domain names are registered and how many are deleted? Who are the biggest registrars for Norwegian domain names? On this page you can find statistics about the Norwegian domain marked.
Since 17 March 1987.no has been the national top level domain for Norway. In 1989 the database consisted of 19 domain names. In 1995 the number had increased to more than 1000 domain names and in year 2000 we exceeded 50,000 registered Norwegian domain names. In 2020 we exceeded 800,000.
Development in the number of new registrations of domain names
Table view of development in the number of new registrations of domain names
Number of new domains
The graph shows the development in the number of new registrations of domain names per year from 1999 until today. Three conditions may have impacted the numbers. In February 2001 some big changes were made to the terms and conditions. Each holder could now order more than one domain name, and did not need to document rights to the name. In February 2004 it became possible to register domain names with national characters (æ, ø, å and some other characters). In June 2014 private individuals were permitted to register domain names directly under.no (previously they could only register under 'priv.no).
Domain names secured with DNSSEC
DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) is a security mechanism that is added to the domain name system. With DNSSEC the response to a domain inquiry is signed in a way that makes it possible to check that the response is from the right source and has not been changed on the way. DNSSEC was introduced on the Norwegian marked in December 2014.


Tag: Representations
The "Why" and the "How" of Using Math Tools
Recently, I spent a day with K-6 teachers exploring the why and how of using math tools in their classrooms. The "why" is easy! Years of research indicate students gain deeper conceptual understanding when they have teachers who engage in
Tagged with:,,,


Strange galactic 'dance' a cosmic puzzle
 | Jan. 4, 2013 at 7:46 PM
SYDNEY, Jan. 4 (UPI) -- Australian astronomers say they've been surprised by the discovery of a group of dwarf galaxies dancing in a ring around the much larger Andromeda Galaxy.
The observation of small galaxies locked in a strange dance around a larger one presents a challenge to current theories of how all galaxies form and evolve, they said.
"When we looked at the dwarf galaxies surrounding Andromeda, we expected to find them buzzing around randomly, like angry bees around a hive," Geraint Lewis from the University of Sydney's School of Physics said.
"Instead, we've found that half of Andromeda's satellites are orbiting together in an immense plane, which is more than a million light-years in diameter but only 30,000 light years thick," he said in a university release. "These dwarf galaxies have formed a ring around Andromeda."
These small galaxies, many times fainter than their bright hosts, were thought to trace a path around the big galaxy that was independent of every other dwarf galaxy, astronomers said.
To find them all tracing the same "ring" path around the Andromeda Galaxy came as a surprise, they said.
"This was completely unexpected -- the chance of this happening randomly is next to nothing," Lewis said. "It really is just weird."
Computer models used to predict how dwarf galaxies should orbit large galaxies have always given the result that dwarfs should be scattered randomly through space.


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Members can add personal information about their living family members, however:
- You must not share information regarding a living person without that person's explicit permission.
- You must not share information about a living child under 16 without parental consent.
- You must not share any information about a living child under 13 unless you are their parent and legal guardian. Even profiles of children created by parents should be considered placeholders only and not contain any sensitive information.
- You must not share any information about DNA tests for other living people.
So, I guess it comes down to what it means to "share" information about a living person. Is posting a profile of a living person "sharing" information about that person? To post the profile of a living person, nowadays, you often have to enter an estimated birth date. Is that considered sharing? I'm looking for some clarity here.
Does it mean that I can't add someone to the trusted list of a living person without the permission of the person of whom the profile is written? Does it mean I can't send the info to someone else in e-mail?


What is the Facilities Inventory?
A uniform coding structure to identify physical facilities' building and room records. It includes data fields for space type, condition, size, how it is used, and program department codes.
What does E&G stand for?
Education & General. This is assignable space used to carry out institutional missions of instruction, research, and support.
What is considered an auxiliary building?
Income-generating structures and space such as dormitories, cafeterias, student union buildings, stadiums, athletic facilities, housing or boarding facilities used by a fraternity, sorority, or private club, and alumni center used solely for those purposes. Auxiliary space is not supported by state appropriations.
What defines a building?
The THECB defines a building as a roofed structure with at least two walls for permanent or temporary shelter for persons, animals, plants, equipment, or supplies. It is attached to a foundation, roofed, serviced by a utility (exclusive of lighting), and is a source of maintenance and repair activities.
What does NASF stand for?
Net Assignable Square Feet. This is the sum of floor space within interior walls of rooms that is assigned to, or available for assignment to, occupants for use. NASF is determined by room type and room use data fields.
What is the difference between "student capacity" and "maximum occupancy" of a room?
Student capacity is the number of students allowed for a given instructional space based on the nature of the instruction, structural configuration of the room, and layout of the furnishings. This is set by the department chair(s) in conjunction with the college dean and approved by the Provost's Office. Maximum occupancy is the number of people allowed in a given space based on the NFPA Life Safety Code taking in to account square footage, seating type, number of exits, the direction of door swings, door construction, and door hardware among other factors. Maximum occupancy is set by space management and approved by the Office of Risk Managment. Student capacity is always lower than the maximum occupancy of the room to allow for instructors. The maximum occupancy number is posted in the rooms. Student capacity levels can change where the fire code limit usually does not.
Sam Houston State Logo


An Efficient First-Order Horn-Clause Abduction System Based on the ATMS (1991)
This paper presents an algorithm for first-order Horn-clause abduction that uses an ATMS to avoid redundant computation. This algorithm is either more efficient or more general than any other previous abduction algorithm. Since computing all minimal abductive explanations is intractable, we also present a heuristic version of the algorithm that uses beam search to compute a subset of the simplest explanations. We present empirical results on a broad range of abduction problems from text understanding, plan recognition, and device diagnosis which demonstrate that our algorithm is at least an order of magnitude faster than an alternative abduction algorithm that does not use an ATMS.
In Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91), pp. 494-499, Anaheim, CA, July 1991.
Raymond J. Mooney Faculty mooney [at] cs utexas edu
Hwee Tou Ng Ph.D. Alumni nght [at] comp nus edu sg


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Notes: All timings are represented in 12-hour notation in local time of Ashburn, United States with DST adjustment (if applicable).
Panchang makers use either visibility of upper edge or visibility of middle limb of the Sun at eastern horizon to mark the sunrise time used in Panchang. The difference in both timing of Sunrise could be up to few minutes.
There is no consensus and most Panchang makers don't even mention it in their Panchang. Generally, upper edge timing of sunrise is considered as astronomical sunrise and middle limb timing of sunrise is considered as Hindu Sunrise. Most newspapers publish astronomical value of sunrise which consider upper edge of the Sun to mark the sunrise time.
Modern research shows that upper edge of Sunrise is more appropriate and authenticated to use as sunrise time in Panchang.
उदयास्त मनाख्यं हि दर्शनादर्शनं रवेः।
which means "visibility of sun's limb is the rising time and complete invisibility is the setting time."
which means "the first three Muhurta of the day counted from the first visibility of the sun's rays." Further it mentions -
रेखामात्रन्तु दृश्येत रश्मिभिश्च समन्वितं।
उदयन्तद्विजानीयात् होमं कूय्यात् विचक्षणः॥
which means "when even a portion of the sun with it's ray is visible it is to be considered as sunrise and at that time oblation (homa) is to be performed".
Drik Panchang shows both values side-by-side to clear the difference between upper edge and middle limb timing of sunrise and sunset. We also provide setting to change sunrise time between "Upper Edge" and "Middle Limb".
Drik Panchang uses upper edge of sun along with refraction to mark the time of sunrise. Further, by default we don't consider elevation for Sunrise calculations but provide option to enable elevation in Sunrise calculations. Elevation can change sunrise timings up to few minutes. Once setting of sunrise is updated, the new value would be used for all Panchang calculations including festivals and Muhurta timings.


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Integrating Visio 2007 with SQL Server Analysis Services
Previously discussed was how to integrate SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) with Excel 2007 in the article, Accessing Cubes from Excel 2007. Visio 2007 is another tool available in Office 2007 that can be used to connect to a SSAS database. There are two reasons why Visio is not an automatic choice to connect to SSAS:
- Visio is not a popular tool among business users. Unlike, Excel most business users don't have Vision installed on their computer.
- Another reason that Visio is not used as client tool for SSAS is widespread lack of knowledge about it. This article aims to help resolve this.
To visualise what can be done with SSAS and Visio, the following image shows how information can be presented in Visio based off a SSAS cube:
Configuring SSAS Connection to Visio
Configuring an SSAS connection to an SSAS cube is similar a connection from Excel except for the first screen. After creating a new Visio document, select Insert PivotDiagram from the Data in the Main menu and the screen shown below will be presented:
There is the option to create links to other sources such as Excel, Access and SQL Server. This article will concentrate on SQL Server Analysis Services (SASS).
After this screen, a tool bar and side bar appear as shown in the flowing images:
The next section will examine how these options can be used in detail.
Using SSAS Data
The PivotDiagram has three sections, Category, Total and Actions. Category is mapped to dimensions in SSAS – where all the dimension attributes and hierarchies are found. Total is mapped to the fact table measures. Actions are performed on the Pivot Diagram. In the Actions section, the Other Actions button gives additional options to customise output.
Once the options are understood, an example is used to show how to use them. For example, to analyse the sales amount with the Gender of the Customer.
Select the sales amount from the Add Total section. Next, select Customer:Gendar from the Add category section and the following output will given:
Perform further analysis by adding more categories. For example, to analyse the Female sales amount by occupations; select the F Box under the Gender and select Customer:English Occupation from the Add Category section and the output will be as shown below:
To analyse Gender M with some other category, selecting the other category.
In the Other Action button, the most important option is Edit Data Graphic as the other options are self explanatory.
The data fields can be controlled with the option to add new items, edit existing items, delete existing items and set the default positions.
Note that by default, the amount will have four decimal points and is lacking a comma separator. Reconfigure this by clicking Edit Item.
Configure the Format of the value, Label etc. For example, Value format #,0.00 will display the amount with two decimal points and a thousand separator. There are other parameters like border type and fill type to display, that can be used to format the dispaly.
Rather than adding fields from the side bar, use the New Item option in the dialog. The New item option has four sub-options shown below:
The first, Text, will simply add a column and display it in a text format. The Data bar will display data with some graphical presentation. As shown below, select the graphical representation needed by selecting the Call out option.
Set the minimum and maximum value according to that select indicator represents graphical value. Data can be presented in various formats and the figure below shows the available Data Bar formats.
The Icon Set allows display of values with given icons. For each callout there is five icons set that can define what to display. For each icon, rules can be set using different criterions from the available drop down. That drop down contains options like equals, does not equal, is greater than, is less than, is between and contains etc.
The image below shows available icon sets for selecting an icon set to match the data.
Colour by value gives an opportunity of colouring a Visio diagram. It is possible to set colours for particular values and for ranges of values. The image below shows how to set the colouring method for a range of values:
The issue with these options is that there is no option to set the colouring methods for one level.
Visio is a client tool that can be used to visualize cube data created using SSAS. This provides options for presenting data in an aesthetically pleasing manner.


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- choleric •
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Hot-tempered, peevish, ill-tempered, bilious
Notes: Today's Good Word is an adjective from an adjective, for the noun melancholy, on which melancholic is based, may also be used as an adjective, as to receive a melancholy letter from home. Obversely, melancholic may be used as a noun as well as an adjective, as someone who is an inveterate melancholic who seldom leaves the house. Melancholically is the appropriate adverb for today's adjective.
In Play: If you are tired of hearing and saying grumpy and would like to elevate the tone of your conversation, today's Good Word is perfect for you: "I guess the diet isn't working for Les Waite; I got a choleric reply when I asked him about it." If you are like me, you never did like the new use of ballistic, either, so why not substitute today's Good Word for it, too: "Donny Brooke was out of humor when he came in this morning but when he saw the stack of work on his desk, he became choleric."
Word History: Today's Good Word came from Latin cholera "jaundice", borrowed from Greek khole "bile". The ancients distinguished between yellow bile and black bile, the latter apparently imaginary. Yellow bile, however, is that bile secreted by the liver. Its Greek name comes from the same original Proto-Indo-European root (ghel- "to shine") that produced English yellow and gold. In German today it is gelb "yellow". Most English words containing GL and referring to light contain a reduction of the same root: gleam, glimmer, glitter, glow, and the like. Latin galbinus "yellowish" comes from the same root. It hardly changed in Romanian galben, but became jaunice in Old French. English borrowed the French word, reshaping it into jaundice, the yellowness of the skin when hepatitis disturbs the yellow bile of the liver.
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


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Indian and Himalayan Art
A Woman with an Ascetic (Kedara Raga)
Artist/maker unknown, India
Opaque watercolor on paper
Currently not on view
2004-149-53125th Anniversary Acquisition. Alvin O. Bellak Collection, 2004
LabelThe ragamala (garland of musical modes) is one of the most popular subjects of Indian painting. Ragas are selections of musical notes and patterns that invoke particular emotions, times of day, and seasons of the year. Ragamala verses and illustrations are the poetic and visual personifications of ragas. The system, however, is very complex and the meaning of particular images is not always clear. This scene is labeled on the painting as Kedara Raga, a melody to be sung on wintry nights. Images of Kedara Raga usually depict an ascetic and a musical instrument. Here a young ascetic is seated on the right, his renunciation of the physical world shown only by his matted hair and scanty clothing. The motif of the instrument, however, is absent. This particularly elaborate ragamala series shows the vibrant palette and strong contrasts of hue and tone favored by painters from the small state of Sirohi in southern Rajasthan.


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Bad Breath Chemical Could Fuel Growth Of Liver Stem Cells
The gas compound that causes bad breath and flatulence (hydrogen sulphide (H2S)), could fuel the growth of liver stem cells, Japanese scientists have discovered.
Researchers from the Nippon Dental University in Japan discovered that the gas, notorious for its egg-like stench, can help teeth stem cells transform into liver stem cells.
They hope their findings could lead to damaged liver cells being repaired using regenerated ones derived from tooth pulp.
Experts used the H2S gas to enhance the growth of stem cells from one part of the body to another - in this case, dental pulp (the middle part of the tooth made of tissue and cells) was converted into liver stem cells.
The teeth cells were taken from a group of dental patients undergoing routine tooth extractions and were then separated into two groups. One group of cells was incubated in a H2S chamber and the other acted as a control.
The stem cells were analysed after three, six and nice days to track their transformation into liver cells. They also tested their ability to function like liver cells.
Researchers say they experienced an increased population of liver stem cells, although the study did not reveal how many were made. The experts claim the H2S gas boosted the purity of the stem cells, causing them to convert at a rapid speed.
"High purity means there are less 'wrong cells' that are being differentiated to other tissues, or remaining as stem cells," says lead author Dr Ken Yaegaki, reports the Press Association.
"Moreover, these facts suggest that patients undergoing transplantation with the hepatic (liver) cells may have almost no possibility of developing teratomas (tumours) or cancers.
"Until now, nobody has produced the protocol to regenerate such a huge number of hepatic cells for human transplantation.
"Compared to the traditional method of using foetal bovine serum to produce the cells, our method is productive and, most importantly, safe."
Researchers are hoping their findings could help repair damaged liver cells using regenerated ones derived from tooth pulp, however there were questions on the number of dental stem cells that could be harvested.
The findings were published in the Journal of Breath Research.
This is not the first time hydrogen sulphide gas has been cited as having health benefits. In 2008, scientists from the John Hopkins University found that small amounts of the chemical relaxes blood vessels, lowering blood pressure.
Skin Cancer Drug Doubles Survival Rate
A twice-daily skin cancer drug almost doubles the survival times of advanced cancer patients, American scientists have discovered. Researchers from the Jonsson Cancer Center at the University of California, found that advanced melanoma cancer sufferers lived on average of 16 months after receiving the vemurafenib drug. Read the full story here. Read the full story here
Breakthrough Test Could Predict Heart Attacks And Strokes
Scientists have discovered five new genes that cause heart attacks and strokes and hope these findings will enable them to pinpoint when the attacks will strike. The researchers, from Queen Mary University of London, identified five generic variants that trigger heart attacks and strokes after investigating blood pressure measurements of 25,000 participants. The aim of the study was to look into the role that genes play in hypertension and high blood pressure. Read the full story here.
Skin Cancer Pill Brings Fresh Hope To Alzheimer's Sufferers
American scientists have discovered a potential new drug that could help fight against Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscientists from the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine discovered that a skin cancer drug called bexarotene appears to reverse cognitive and memory deficits associated with Alzheimer's when tested on lab mice. Read the full story here.
Personalised Skin Cancer Drugs Brings Fresh Hope
A "personalised" pill for advanced skin cancer that can extend life has been approved for use in the UK. The drug, vemurafenib, only works for patients with a specific variant of the BRAF gene. Read the full story here.
Genetic Breakthrough Raises Hope For Breast Cancer Sufferers
The genetic code of the most common form of hereditary breast cancer has been mapped for the first time, offering hope for diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the future. Researchers say they have "fully sequenced" the DNA of two breast cancers caused by a faulty BRCA1 gene, which is responsible for aggressive and highly drug-resistant tumours. Read the full story here.
Peanut Allergies - Have Scientists Finally Found A Cure?
Scientists from the Northwestern University in Chicago have come one step closer to developing a potential cure for peanut allergies, by creating an immune system tolerant to peanuts. The researchers found that they can switch off potentially deadly peanut allergy attacks by tricking the immune system into tolerating nut proteins, and not seeing them as a threat to the body. Read the full story here.
Lung Cancer Detection Test Trial
A breakthrough lung cancer detection test is set to be trialled on smokers for the first time in Scotland. If successful, cancers could be identified five years earlier than by current detection methods. Read the full story here.
Cure For Insomnia A Step Closer After Scientists Discover The Enzyme That Wakes Us Up
Sleepless nights could soon be a thing of the past as scientists discover a key chemical trigger that suppresses sleep and wakes people up. Researchers from Boston University found that when the body has too little of the calcium kinase enzyme, it causes the brain to nod off to sleep. Read the full story here.
Boiling Breast Cancer Tumours Kills Them In Minutes, Discover Experts
A new treatment for breast cancer has been discovered after scientists found that breast tumours can be killed in minutes - by boiling them. The latest treatment, known as Preferential Radio-Frequency Ablation, uses a targeted electrical current that heats, or 'boils' the tumour to 70 to 90c (160 to 190f). Read the full story here.
New Scan Detects Breast Cancer In Seconds Using Anti-Landmine Technology
British scientists have developed a revolutionary breast-screening system that uses anti-landmine technology to detect cancer in seconds. The radio-wave scanner is safer, cheaper and less painful than traditional mammogram X-rays, and unlike the current system, can be used on women of all ages. Read the full story here.
Stem Cell Transplant Offers New Hope For Autism and Parkinson's
Breakthrough research involving a brain transplant of stem cells could offer hope for the treatment of both autism and Parkinson's disease. The study, from Harvard University, has already proven successful with mice. Scientists transferred healthy stem cells from mouse embryos into the brains of adult mice who were unable to use leptin, a hormone that tells the body when to stop eating.


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A diffusion barrier is usually a thin coating of material used to prevent diffusion. Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration so that an equal number occurs in both areas. Diffusion happens whether the molecules are in a gas, liquid or solid state, and can lead to the contamination of one product by another.
A diffusion barrier is usually only micrometers thin, and is used to enhance the shelf life of metal-containing products by slowing their corruption from other products nearby. These types of barriers are used in a variety of commercial applications, so effective and inexpensive barriers are highly sought-after, especially by the electronics industry. Although oxygen and hydrogen gas diffusion barriers exist, the majority of diffusion barriers are metals.
A good diffusion barrier has physical and chemical properties that vary depending on the metal components used to make the barrier. The thinner the diffusion barrier, and the more uniform the coating, the more effective the barrier. The metals in the barrier must be non-reactive to the materials around it, so they do not diffuse into and corrupt the metals the barrier is supposed to be protecting. Furthermore, the diffusion barrier must be able to strongly adhere to what it is protecting to provide a secure barrier that will completely prevent diffusion by any molecules.
The different materials used to make diffusion barriers offer different advantages, and care must be taken to optimize the thickness, reactivity and adherence of the barrier. Metals differ in their reactivity and adherence, with some metals providing a high degree of non-reactivity but low adherence, or vice versa. Some barriers may have multiple layers to accommodate the need for both non-reactive and adhesive metals. Alternatively, a combination of metals, called alloys, may be used to form the barrier. A number of metals have been used in the creation of diffusion barriers, including aluminum, chromium, nickel, tungsten and manganese.
Diffusion barriers have been commonly used in the manufacturing of electronics for decades. They are used to preserve the integrity of internal copper wiring from the silica insulation that surrounds it. This serves to prolong the lifespan of the electronic device by preventing circuit failure that would occur if the copper and silica came in contact. So far, the technology for creating and depositing diffusion barriers has allowed for increased speed of consumer electronics; however, new alloys and barrier deposition techniques are being investigated for use in new generations of electronics.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


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I'm interested in how cognitive science experiments are designed and executed. Up until now, all of the papers I've seen dealing with cognition use availability of test subjects as one of the major factors of recruitment for experiments. For example, students are recruited for an experiment, and because the group is so diverse, they are tested on general skills that the entire group would possess, like reading or math.
For example, consider this experiment: "Happiness economics" in reverse: Does happiness affect productivity? There were 276 university students and faculty involved. The students are tested with a math task.
Math and reading comprehension are general skills, and I can think of few people who earn their living with those skills, aside from SAT tutors.
I'm interested if there have been other types of cognitive experiments tried, where the skills used to evaluate experiment are at a "professional" level. For example professional athletes, soldiers or pilots come to mind.
- Experiments that use scoring percentage as a metric for basketball players
- Experiments that use marksmanship grouping as a metric
- Professional video game players
Are there any groups of people, whose professional skills are consistently tested as metric of cognitive performance?
Thank you for your input!


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Diamond reinforced composite (DRC) coatings for Diamond polishing wheel without using Ni and Co as binders.
Development of Silt Erosion Resistant Material for Turbines of Hydrogenerators:
Mitigation of Erosion-Oxidation damage on different boiler grade steels
Wear and oxidation resistant diboride reinforced dense coatings by in-situ SHS dynamic compaction process
Wear resistant Al-alloys with high strength
We have developed or are in the process of developing the following:
Developed diamond reinforced composite (DRC) coated Diamond polishing wheel
Developed Silt Erosion Resistant steel for Turbines of Hydrogenerators: The developed material has improved wear and erosion resistance compared to standard 13Cr-4Ni stainless steel.
Developed mathematical model and application software for erosion-oxidation of boiler steels i
Wear and oxidation resistant diboride reinforced dense composites by SHS dynamic compaction
Air jet erosion tester, 3-body wear test system, Thermogravimetric analyzer for high temperature oxidation study, Pin/ball–on-disc wear tester (load range: 10 g to 10 kg), Fretting wear monitor, Cavitation erosion monitor and Nano-Tribometer
Jamshedpur-831007 | Tel: +91-_PHONE_, _PHONE_, _PHONE_ | Fax: 91-_PHONE_, _PHONE_, E-Mail: _EMAIL_
Copyright@2010 National Metallurgical Laboratory


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| GEO Health|
Breakfast-skipper kids develop health problems
| Updated at: 1423 PST, Thursday, August 19, 2010|
LONDON: Almost a third of children regularly go without breakfast before school and are more likely than classmates to be inactive, unfit and obese, research shows.
While 68% of pupils eat before leaving home, 32% do not. Of the latter, 25% only sometimes have a morning meal and 7% never have breakfast on school days, according to findings which have raised fresh concern about children's eating habits and general health.
The study of 4,326 children, aged 10-16, in England was reported in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition and found that 26.6% of boys and 38.6% of girls skipped breakfast some or all of the time. Boys often blame lack of time, while many girls missed breakfast because they believe doing so would help them lose weight.
"We found that children who skip breakfast either occasionally or routinely are less fit, less active and more likely to be overweight or obese than those who always eat breakfast," said lead author Dr Gavin Sandercock, a lecturer in clinical physiology at the University of Essex. "Children with the healthiest weight were always those who regularly had breakfast before heading to school.
"These findings are worrying because we found more obesity and lower levels of physical activity among skippers, which is of great concern because these children are more likely to develop chronic disease in adulthood like cancer, heart disease and diabetes," added Sandercock.
While girls who skipped breakfast are 92% more likely to become obese than female classmates who regularly eat before school, the equivalent figure in boys was 62%. But the boys were much likelier than female ones to have a sedentary lifestyle and, critically, have poor cardiorespiratory (heart and lung) fitness – the best predictor of chronic illness in later life, said Sandercock.
Until now it has been thought that children who missed breakfast were more likely to be obese because they snacked during the day and ate late at night. But the study suggests that their inactive lifestyles may also play a key role.
"This research should concern parents because they are putting their children at a higher risk of being overweight unless they make sure they eat breakfast before leaving the house, and are also increasing their risk of being unfit and inactive," said Sandercock. "It's of great concern that 32% of parents don't do that, especially as we already know that kids' concentration and ability to learn is worse when they miss breakfast."
Professor Mitch Blair of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said: "This is yet another study that reinforces the need for regular mealtime routines. We know that children model their behaviour on their parents and it would be interesting if the parents of the children in this study had similar habits."
Tam Fry, founder of the Child Growth Foundation and spokesman for the National Obesity Forum, said the study underlined the importance of breakfast for everyone. "Although 68% of the children studied always ate breakfast, there are areas of the country where, tragically, very few are given breakfast at home. That is why breakfast clubs at school are hugely important for them – not only for their physical fitness but also for their fitness to learn," said Fry.
But Sandercock said that while breakfast clubs are a good idea, they take away from parents the responsibility of preparing food for their offspring.
The most recent NHS figures show that 22.8% of children in England starting reception year at primary school at the age of four are overweight or obese, rising to 32.6% by the time they reach year six, the last year of primary school. Previous research has also shown that children's fitness is declining worldwide, including in those who are at normal weight, and is going down faster in England than the national average.


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A helium–neon laser or HeNe laser, is a type of gas laser whose gain medium consists of a mixture of helium and neon inside of a small bore capillary tube, usually excited by a DC electrical discharge.
History of HeNe laser development
The first HeNe laser emitted at 1.15 μm in the infrared and was the first gas laser. However a laser that operated at visible wavelengths was much more in demand, and a number of other neon transitions were investigated to identify ones in which a population inversion can be achieved. The 633 nm line was found to have the highest gain in the visible spectrum, making this the wavelength of choice for most HeNe lasers. However other visible as well as infrared lasing wavelengths are possible, and by using mirror coatings with their peak reflectance at these other wavelengths, HeNe lasers could be engineered to employ those transitions; this includes visible lasers appearing red, orange, yellow, and green. Lasing transitions are known from over 100 μm in the far infrared to 540 nm in the visible. Since visible transitions at wavelengths other than 633 nm have somewhat lower gain, these lasers generally have lower output powers and are more costly. The 3.39 μm transition has a very high gain but is prevented from lasing in an ordinary HeNe laser (of a different intended wavelength) since the cavity and mirrors are lossy at that wavelength. However in high power HeNe lasers having a particularly long cavity, superluminescence at 3.39 μm can become a nuisance, robbing power from the lasing medium, often requiring additional suppression. The best known and most widely used HeNe laser operates at a wavelength of 632.8 nm in the red part of the visible spectrum. It was developed at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1962, 18 months after the pioneering demonstration at the same laboratory of the first continuous infrared HeNe gas laser in December 1960.
Construction and operation
The gain medium of the laser, as suggested by its name, is a mixture of helium and neon gases, in approximately a 10:1 ratio, contained at low pressure in a glass envelope. The gas mixture is mostly helium, so that helium atoms can be excited. The excited helium atoms collide with neon atoms, exciting some of them to the state that radiates 632.8 nm. Without helium, the neon atoms would be excited mostly to lower excited states responsible for non-laser lines. A neon laser with no helium can be constructed but it is much more difficult without this means of energy coupling. Therefore, a HeNe laser that has lost enough of its helium (e.g., due to diffusion through the seals or glass) will most likely not lase at all since the pumping efficiency will be too low. The energy or pump source of the laser is provided by a high voltage electrical discharge passed through the gas between electrodes (anode and cathode) within the tube. A DC current of 3 to 20 mA is typically required for CW operation. The optical cavity of the laser usually consists of two concave mirrors or one plane and one concave mirror, one having very high (typically 99.9%) reflectance and the output coupler mirror allowing approximately 1% transmission.
Commercial HeNe lasers are relatively small devices, among gas lasers, having cavity lengths usually ranging from 15 cm to 50 cm (but sometimes up to about 1 meter to achieve the highest powers), and optical output power levels ranging from 0.5 to 50 mW.
The red HeNe laser wavelength of 633 nm has an actual vacuum wavelength of 632.991 nm, or about 632.816 nm in air. The wavelength of the lasing modes lie within about 0.001 nm above or below this value, and the wavelengths of those modes shift within this range due to thermal expansion and contraction of the cavity. Frequency-stabilized versions enable the wavelength of a single mode to be specified to within 1 part in 108 by the technique of comparing the powers of two longitudinal modes in opposite polarizations. Absolute stabilization of the laser's frequency (or wavelength) as fine as 2.5 parts in 1011 can be obtained through use of an iodine absorption cell.
The mechanism producing population inversion and light amplification in a HeNe laser plasma originates with inelastic collision of energetic electrons with ground state helium atoms in the gas mixture. As shown in the accompanying energy level diagram, these collisions excite helium atoms from the ground state to higher energy excited states, among them the 23S1 and 21S0 long-lived metastable states. Because of a fortuitous near coincidence between the energy levels of the two He metastable states, and the 3s2 and 2s2 (Paschen notation) levels of neon, collisions between these helium metastable atoms and ground state neon atoms results in a selective and efficient transfer of excitation energy from the helium to neon. This excitation energy transfer process is given by the reaction equations:
- He*(23S1) + Ne1S0 → He(1S0) + Ne*2s2 + ΔE
- He*(21S) + Ne1S0 + ΔE → He(1S0) + Ne*3s2
where (*) represents an excited state, and ΔE is the small energy difference between the energy states of the two atoms, of the order of 0.05 eV or 387 cm−1, which is supplied by kinetic energy. Excitation energy transfer increases the population of the neon 2s2 and 3s2 levels manyfold. When the population of these two upper levels exceeds that of the corresponding lower level neon state, 2p4 to which they are optically connected, population inversion is present. The medium becomes capable of amplifying light in a narrow band at 1.15 μm (corresponding to the 2s2 to 2p4 transition) and in a narrow band at 632.8 nm (corresponding to the 3s2 to 2p4 transition at 632.8 nm). The 2p4 level is efficiently emptied by fast radiative decay to the 1s state, eventually reaching the ground state.
The remaining step in utilizing optical amplification to create an optical oscillator is to place highly reflecting mirrors at each end of the amplifying medium so that a wave in a particular spatial mode will reflect back upon itself, gaining more power in each pass than is lost due to transmission through the mirrors and diffraction. When these conditions are met for one or more longitudinal modes then radiation in those modes will rapidly build up until gain saturation occurs, resulting in a stable continuous laser beam output through the front (typically 99% reflecting) mirror.
The gain bandwidth of the HeNe laser is dominated by Doppler broadening rather than pressure broadening due to the low gas pressure, and is thus quite narrow: only about 1.5 GHz full width for the 633 nm transition. With cavities having typical lengths of 15 cm to 50 cm, this allows about 2 to 8 longitudinal modes to oscillate simultaneously (however single longitudinal mode units are available for special applications). The visible output of the red HeNe laser, long coherence length, and its excellent spatial quality, makes this laser a useful source for holography and as a wavelength reference for spectroscopy. A stabilized HeNe laser is also one of the benchmark systems for the definition of the meter.
Prior to the invention of cheap, abundant diode lasers, red HeNe lasers were widely used in barcode scanners at supermarket checkout counters. Laser gyroscopes have employed HeNe lasers operating at 0.633 μm in a ring laser configuration. HeNe lasers are generally present in educational and research optical laboratories.
Red HeNe lasers have many industrial and scientific uses. They are widely used in laboratory demonstrations in the field of optics in view of their relatively low cost and ease of operation compared to other visible lasers producing beams of similar quality in terms of spatial coherence (a single mode gaussian beam) and long coherence length (however since about 1990 semiconductor lasers have offered a lower cost alternative for many such applications). A consumer application of the red HeNe laser is the LaserDisc player, made by Pioneer. The laser is used in the device to read the optical disk.
See also
- C. S. Willet "An Introduction to Gas Lasers" Pergamon Press 1974, pages 407–411
- A.D. White and J.D. Rigden, "Continuous Gas Maser Operation in the Visible". Proc IRE vol. 50, p1697: July 1962.
- A. D. White, "Recollections of the First Continuous Visible Laser". Optics and Photonics News vol. 22, p34-39: October 2011.
- Javan, A., Bennett, W.R. and Herriott, D.R.: "Population Inversion and Continuous Optical Maser Oscillation in a Gas Discharge Containing a He-Ne Mixture". Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 106–110 (1961).
- "Sam's Laser FAQ - Helium-Neon Lasers:".
- Niebauer, TM: Frequency stability measurements on polarization-stabilized He-Ne lasers, Applied Optics, 27(7) p.1285
- Iodine-stabilized helium–neon laser at the NIST museum site
- Javan, A., Bennett, W. R. and Herriott, D. R.: "Population Inversion and Continuous Optical Maser Oscillation in a Gas Discharge Containing a He-Ne Mixture". Phys. Rev


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The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant functions.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.
Pubmed ID: _PHONE_ RIS Download
Algal Proteins | Animals | Biological Evolution | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Chloroplasts | Computational Biology | DNA, Algal | Flagella | Genes | Genome | Genomics | Membrane Transport Proteins | Molecular Sequence Data | Multigene Family | Photosynthesis | Phylogeny | Plants | Proteome | Sequence Analysis, DNA


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Approximately 185 students from
two high schools in Maine participated in the pilot Local
Fisheries Knowledge (LFK) Project during the 2003-2004
academic year, and another 159 during 2004-2005 academic
Each school created an overarching theme to guide
students' LFK interviews. Students organized into
teams to conduct interviews.
Ellsworth High School
ME. Hancock County.
What does the fishing industry have
to do with Ellsworth High School's communities?
Ellsworth HS. Photo by Grey
At Ellsworth High School, all 10th
grade students in English, science, and
social studies participated
during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 academic years
Jonesport-Beals High School
Jonesport, ME. Washington County.
What is our place in the changing face
of Jonesport-Beal's marine culture?
Jonesport-Beals HS. Photo
by Jennifer Isé,
High School, 12th grade students
technology and enterpreneurship classes participated
during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 academic years.
The 2005/2006 students include 9 th graders and 12
The communities of Ellsworth and Jonesport are located
in the Downeast region of Maine. This area has
heritage, though fishing has influenced each community to different
degrees. The community of Ellsworth has developed around regional
fisheries by providing support services such as fish processing
Many families in Jonesport and on neighboring
Beals Island have been fishing for a living for over 200
years. Some students
High School will carry on this tradition. During the first
pilot year, 35 of the 125 students at the school
had commercial fishing licenses.
Three of this year's participants already have their lobster permits. Other
students may go on
to work in fisheries related fields, such as fishing
gear construction, boat building, fisheries science, or aquaculture.
The commercial fishing profession and fishing communities,
however, face an uncertain future in Maine. More
about regional fishing issues…


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Based on Alta California Circa 1824 If you need more detail, a more extensive printed version The California Missions' Timeline is available with a more detailed map and also includes:
- a) Details on the major events of between 1768 and 1853, including the exact date of the founding of each mission
- b) Full color illustrations of ten seminal events
- c) Intriguing facts about the Indians, missionaries and neophyte population
- d) Additional information on the location of all of the missions, presidios and pueblos (free standing towns).


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The Grave That Was Saved
One of the most revered graves in Eretz Yisrael is that of Rabbi Chaim ben Attar, the author of the Ohr Hachayim commentary on the Torah. Thousands of Jews come to this grave on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem on the 15th of the Hebrew month of Tammuz, the day he passed away in 5503 (1743), to pray for Heavenly aid in the merit of this sainted Torah scholar and kabbalist.
During the period of Jordanian control of the Mount of Olives cemetery between 1948 and 1967, there was mass desecration of the Jewish graves. The Arabs even decided to build a road through this ancient cemetery which would pass directly over the grave of the Ohr Hachayim.
When the bulldozer came within inches of the grave, however, something strange happened. The engine sputtered and died. Another attempt the following day failed in a more spectacular way. As the bulldozer rushed towards the grave at full speed, it suddenly flipped over and plunged into the adjoining Valley of Kidron, killing its driver.
The Arabs thereupon abandoned their plans for desecrating this holy grave and rerouted their road to pass much higher on the mountainside. Visitors to the grave can clearly see how the original clearing went straight in the direction of the Ohr Hachayims grave.


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GOVERNMENT water inspectors plan to prosecute South West Water after more than 300 people in Devon suffered severe and long-lasting diarrhoea last month when their water supplies were contaminated with the spores of Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, from animal wastes. It was the worst outbreak caused by contaminated water supplies for six years.
Water scientists believe the latest outbreak may have arisen because the company failed to change procedures at the Littlehempston water treatment works as it juggled different supplies of water during the drought. South West Water refused to speculate, but a company engineer said it was reviewing the management of water at the plant.
The outbreak calls into question the effectiveness of a £4 million research programme carried out by the water industry in an effort to prevent a repeat of a similar incident in Swindon in 1989, when at least 500 people became ill. An evaluation of...
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