text:
New research throws mud at old thinking about sterile environments.
Put down the hand gel for a second: A new study found infants who encounter a wide range of bacteria are less likely to develop allergies later in life. Pair that with past research that says the germs and microorganisms that enter a baby's body actually help build a strong immune system, and you may be wondering just how much "dirt" your baby should encounter. Before you decide to bury your baby in a blanket of mud (or bust out the bleach), consider this advice:
A Happy Medium
No one is saying your baby should live in filth but rather that a too-sterile environment may not be the best for baby either, says Todd Mahr M.D., pediatrician and chairman of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Allergy and Immunology. "Parents shouldn't be overly obsessed with cleaning everything to a complete degree," he says.
About those Hand Gels You Love …
Yeah, give them a break. The overuse of antibacterial products may promote the growth of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. The general rule is all you really need is soap and water.
Relax a Little
Let little ones go barefoot outside and play in the dirt, advises Joel V. Weinstock M.D., chief of the division of gastroenterology and hepatology at Tufts Medical Center in Boston. Even having pets around will help build your baby's immune system.


text:
Leeds Station Low Level Plan
Did you know?
The arches beneath New Station were named the 'Dark Arches' by Leeds' Victorian residents, and the name remains in use today.
Today's Leeds Station is a historical combination of the former Wellington and Leeds New Stations.
Leeds began its relationship with the railway in 1758, when parliamentary authority was granted for a wooden wagon-way to haul coal from Middleton to Leeds. In the early days of railway development, six different companies developed competing lines and different stations in and around Leeds.
A temporary station called Wellington Station was built by the Leeds and Bradford Railway in 1846.This Company became part of the much larger Midland Railway, who built a permanent Wellington Station in 1850, resting on top of arches over the River Aire on which part of Leeds Station is built to this day. Functional in design, it had a low, three-span train shed with its station building opening onto City Square and containing refreshment rooms, waiting rooms and a booking office. To compliment its station, the Midland Railway built the first Queens Hotel in 1863.
In 1869 the London North Western and North Eastern railways jointly opened Leeds New Station. On the south side of the Midland's Wellington Station, New Station was built at a higher level and on a wider collection of arches crossing the River Aire and with a wrought iron and masonry bridge over the Leeds and Liverpool canal basin which allowed it to have a more spacious train shed than its neighbour. Thomas Prosser, the North Eastern Railway's architect designed the station building and train shed, Thomas E Harrison as Consulting Engineer for the Joint Station Committee was responsible for the arches which supported the New Station, and do to this day. The vaults created a series of tunnels, each about 80 yards long, running beneath New Station and connecting with the vaults beneath Wellington, running parallel between the River Aire and the basin of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. Further side vaults, running east to west, connected many of the underground arches making a railway maze. These arches beneath the stations soon became important to local industry for storage and business premises and are still used in this way today.
After railway 'grouping' in 1923, and with increasing traffic through Leeds in this period, New and Wellington Stations were joined in 1939 to create Leeds City Station. Very much a station designed for its time these two stations were connected by a spacious north concourse built from modern reinforced concrete with an art deco tall panelled ceiling, square skylights, and stylish lighting pendants. It also directly connected the station with the rebuilt art deco LMS Queens Hotel.
Leeds City Station was completely rebuilt in 1967 when the nearby Leeds Central Station closed, and its services transferred to Leeds City Station. Bridges taking the railway over the Leeds and Liverpool canal were replaced, a new roof over the station was constructed and the newly created south concourse was the chief location for shops, refreshment rooms and the ticket office.
Between 1999 and 2002, Leeds City Station underwent significant rebuilding and refurbishment in a programme called Leeds First. This project brought back into action the largely abandoned Wellington side of the station, increased the number of platforms from 12 to 17 and built a new footbridge with modern escalators and lifts. The North Concourse was also restored to its former art deco glory.
Page first created: Monday, February 27, 2012
Page last updated: Wednesday, March 7, 2012

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Comic books and graphic novels can be a good place to start reading for children who find pages of unbroken text difficult. Images can help children read and understand ideas that they might find tricky. Not to mention, reading comics is lots of fun!
We've put together some of our top tips to get your child interested in comics:
- Explore – There are so many comics out there that you can find titles to interest every child. Our book list has lots of different suggestions for children of different ages and covers lots of topics.
- Magazines – If your child might find a whole comic book too daunting to begin with, magazines like The Beano and The Phoenix can be a great introduction. Both magazines are published weekly. Once your child has got to grips with the style of comics, they can explore the genre further.
- Visit the library – Many libraries now have comics sections for you and your child to explore. You can ask your librarian for their favourites. Many bookshops also have great comic book sections too.
- Make your own comic strip – Making your own comic is a great way to boost writing and storytelling skills. We've created our own tool to help your child embrace their comic genius.
Judd Winick, the comic book artist and author of the Hilo series, shares his top tip for engaging children with comics:
"Find one book that your child will fall in love with. You'll be very surprised how a child who doesn't like reading will cling to a comic or a graphic novel. They finish reading it, and they'll read it over again and over again. It's what's great about a lot of comics and graphic novels is that many of them are serialized. So if they like the first one, there's usually one that follows after that."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Interface Authenticator
All Known Subinterfaces:
SecurityManager, WebSecurityManager
All Known Implementing Classes:
AbstractAuthenticator, AuthenticatingSecurityManager, AuthorizingSecurityManager, CachingSecurityManager, DefaultSecurityManager, DefaultWebSecurityManager, ModularRealmAuthenticator, RealmSecurityManager, SessionsSecurityManager
public interface Authenticator
An Authenticator is responsible for authenticating accounts in an application. It is one of the primary entry points into the Shiro API.
Although not a requirement, there is usually a single'master' Authenticator configured for an application. Enabling Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) behavior (Two Phase Commit, etc.) is usually achieved by the single Authenticator coordinating and interacting with an application-configured set of Realms.
Note that most Shiro users will not interact with an Authenticator instance directly. Shiro's default architecture is based on an overall SecurityManager which typically wraps an Authenticator instance.
See Also:
SecurityManager, AbstractAuthenticator, ModularRealmAuthenticator
Method Summary
 AuthenticationInfo authenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken)
 Authenticates a user based on the submitted AuthenticationToken.
Method Detail
AuthenticationInfo authenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken)
 throws AuthenticationException
Authenticates a user based on the submitted AuthenticationToken.
If the authentication is successful, an AuthenticationInfo instance is returned that represents the user's account data relevant to Shiro. This returned object is generally used in turn to construct a Subject representing a more complete security-specific 'view' of an account that also allows access to a Session.
authenticationToken - any representation of a user's principals and credentials submitted during an authentication attempt.
the AuthenticationInfo representing the authenticating user's account data.
AuthenticationException - if there is any problem during the authentication process. See the specific exceptions listed below to as examples of what could happen in order to accurately handle these problems and to notify the user in an appropriate manner why the authentication attempt failed. Realize an implementation of this interface may or may not throw those listed or may throw other AuthenticationExceptions, but the list shows the most common ones.
See Also:
ExpiredCredentialsException, IncorrectCredentialsException, ExcessiveAttemptsException, LockedAccountException, ConcurrentAccessException, UnknownAccountException


text:
Civet coffee is one of the world's most expensive and low-production varieties of coffee.
It is made from the beans of coffee berries which have been eaten by the Asian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and other related civets, then passed through its digestive tract. A civet eats the berries for their fleshy pulp. In its stomach, proteolytic enzymes seep into the beans, making shorter peptides and more free amino acids. Passing through a civet's intestines the beans are then defecated, keeping their shape.What is a Civet?
A civet is a catlike animal native to south-east Asia and southern China. It closely resembles the mongoose family. The Philippine name for the Palm Civet (Paradoxus hermaphroditus) is Alamid or Musang. The name Luwak or Luak is the name used in Indonesia. The Palm Civet weighs about seven pounds with a body length of around twenty-one inches, excluding its approximately nineteen inch tail.What is Civet coffee?
Civets eat coffee cherries (a fruit). The beans are not digested, so they pass through the civet's digestive track and are collected, washed and roasted. As the beans pass through the digestive track of the civet, some of the proteins are broken down, making the coffee much less acidic, with a delightfully smooth taste.
Where does our coffee come from and is it authentic?
Our coffee comes from the pristine Kalinga region in the far Northern Philippines. We receive our coffee directly from the Kalinga people. It is, indeed, authentic civet coffee.
What type of coffee beans do our Kalinga Palm Civets like to eat?
Our friends the Palm Civets are quite fussy as to what beans they like to eat. Eighty percent of our coffee trees are out in the wild, not on a plantation, and are made up of four varieties: Arabica, Excelsor, Liberica and Robusta. Since the civets have a keen ability to choose the ripest, sweetest coffee cherries, we leave it to them to create for us the finest natural blend.
Why does our Civet coffee taste so good?
The fussy Palm Civet chooses only the ripest and sweetest coffee cherries. The beans then pass through the digestive tract, where enzymes break down some of the proteins in the beans, producing beans of low acidity and thereby resulting in a very smooth, much less acidic brew.
Is there more bacteria in Civet coffee than in regular coffee?
No, there is actually less. The enzymes in the digestive tract, as well as the rigorous washing and sun drying of the beans, help to eliminate bacteria, along with the high temperature roasting process.
Discounted Prices -
$500 - 1 kg. of Civet Coffee
$900 - 2 kgs. of Civet Coffee
$1300- 3 kgs. of Civet Coffee
Grab this limited opportunity to purchase at discounted prices and taste the most sought after brew and the most expensive coffee in the world - CIVET CAT COFFEE!!!
Best quality and Satisfaction Guaranteed. Limited number of orders only.
Further questions or inquiries: e-mail me at _EMAIL_


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K'thee Strunthlg
 Summary: vocal tube
 Plural: Ghk'thee
 Vorgaal: five
 Typical Fungmrul: somewhat low
 Capabilities Affected: vocalization
 Efficacy Formula: animal lore skill plus somatesthesia skill, with diminishing returns on a scaling factor of five
 Fl-n'gathl From: hngaug
 Flgath Restrictions: only one k'thee can be ng'flgath from a given hngaug
The k'thee is a tube running from the base of a hngaug to its tip, with musculature lining it that serves to force air through it and control the shape of the tube. This allows sounds to be produced with reasonable precision, including the air-vibration speech used by many ghaa'ghu races.
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Jason Rennie > WordNet-QueryData > WordNet::QueryData
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Module Version: 1.49 Source
WordNet::QueryData - direct perl interface to WordNet database
 use WordNet::QueryData;
 my $wn = WordNet::QueryData->new( noload => 1);
 print "Synset: ", join(", ", $wn->querySense("cat#n#7", "syns")), "\n";
 print "Hyponyms: ", join(", ", $wn->querySense("cat#n#1", "hypo")), "\n";
 print "Parts of Speech: ", join(", ", $wn->querySense("run")), "\n";
 print "Senses: ", join(", ", $wn->querySense("run#v")), "\n";
 print "Forms: ", join(", ", $wn->validForms("lay down#v")), "\n";
 print "Noun count: ", scalar($wn->listAllWords("noun")), "\n";
 print "Antonyms: ", join(", ", $wn->queryWord("dark#n#1", "ants")), "\n";
WordNet::QueryData provides a direct interface to the WordNet database files. It requires the WordNet package (_URL_ It allows the user direct access to the full WordNet semantic lexicon. All parts of speech are supported and access is generally very efficient because the index and morphical exclusion tables are loaded at initialization. The module can optionally be used to load the indexes into memory for extra-fast lookups.
To use QueryData, you must tell it where your WordNet database is. There are two ways you can do this: 1) by setting the appropriate environment variables, or 2) by passing the location to QueryData when you invoke the "new" function.
QueryData knows about two environment variables, WNHOME and WNSEARCHDIR. If WNSEARCHDIR is set, QueryData looks for WordNet data files there. Otherwise, QueryData looks for WordNet data files in WNHOME/dict (WNHOME\dict on a PC). If WNHOME is not set, it defaults to "/usr/local/WordNet-3.0" on Unix and "C:\Program Files\WordNet\3.0" on a PC. Normally, all you have to do is to set the WNHOME variable to the location where you unpacked your WordNet distribution. The database files are normally unpacked to the "dict" subdirectory.
You can also pass the location of the database files directly to QueryData. To do this, pass the location to "new":
 my $wn = WordNet::QueryData->new("/usr/local/wordnet/dict");
You can instead call the constructor with a hash of params, as in:
 my $wn = WordNet::QueryData->new(
 dir => "/usr/local/wordnet/dict",
 verbose => 0,
 noload => 1
When calling "new" in this fashion, two additional arguments are supported; "verbose" will output debugging information, and "noload" will cause the object to *not* load the indexes at startup.
The "noload" option results in data being retrieved using a dictionary lookup rather than caching the indexes in RAM. This method yields an immediate startup time but *slightly* (though less than you might think) longer lookup time. For the curious, here are some profile data for each method on a duo core intel mac, averaged seconds over 10000 iterations:
Caching versus noload times in seconds
 noload => 1 noload => 0
new() 0.00001 2.55
queryWord("descending") 0.0009 0.0001
querySense("sunset#n#1", "hype") 0.0007 0.0001
validForms ("lay down#2") 0.0004 0.0001
Obviously the new() comparison is not very useful, because nothing is happening with the constructor in the case of noload => 1. Similarly, lookups with caching are basically just hash lookups, and therefore very fast. The lookup times for noload => 1 illustrate the tradeoff between caching at new() time and using dictionary lookups.
Because of the lookup speed increase when noload => 0, many users will find it useful to set noload to 1 during development cycles, and to 0 when RAM is less of a concern than speed. The bottom line is that noload => 1 saves you over 2 seconds of startup time, and costs you about 0.0005 seconds per lookup.
There are two primary query functions, 'querySense' and 'queryWord'. querySense accesses semantic (sense to sense) relations; queryWord accesses lexical (word to word) relations. The majority of relations are semantic. Some relations, including "also see", antonym, pertainym, "participle of verb", and derived forms are lexical. See the following WordNet documentation for additional information:
Both functions take as their first argument a query string that takes one of three types:
 (1) word (e.g. "dog")
 (2) word#pos (e.g. "house#n")
 (3) word#pos#sense (e.g. "ghostly#a#1")
Types (1) or (2) passed to querySense or queryWord will return a list of possible query strings at the next level of specificity. When type (3) is passed to querySense or queryWord, it requires a second argument, a relation. Relations generally only work with one function or the other, though some relations can be either semantic or lexical; hence they may work for both functions. Below is a list of known relations, grouped according to the function they're most likely to work with:
 also - also see
 ants - antonyms
 deri - derived forms (nouns and verbs only)
 part - participle of verb (adjectives only)
 pert - pertainym (pertains to noun) (adjectives only)
 vgrp - verb group (verbs only)
 also - also see
 glos - word definition
 syns - synset words
 hype - hypernyms
 inst - instance of
 hypes - hypernyms and "instance of"
 hypo - hyponyms
 hasi - has instance
 hypos - hyponums and "has instance"
 mmem - member meronyms
 msub - substance meronyms
 mprt - part meronyms
 mero - all meronyms
 hmem - member holonyms
 hsub - substance holonyms
 hprt - part holonyms
 holo - all holonyms
 attr - attributes (?)
 sim - similar to (adjectives only)
 enta - entailment (verbs only)
 caus - cause (verbs only)
 domn - domain - all
 dmnc - domain - category
 dmnu - domain - usage
 dmnr - domain - region
 domt - member of domain - all (nouns only)
 dmtc - member of domain - category (nouns only)
 dmtu - member of domain - usage (nouns only)
 dmtr - member of domain - region (nouns only)
When called in this manner, querySense and queryWord will return a list of related words/senses. Note that as of WordNet 2.1, many hypernyms have become "instance of" and many hyponyms have become "has instance."
Note that querySense and queryWord use type (3) query strings in different ways. A type (3) string passed to querySense specifies a synset. A type (3) string passed to queryWord specifies a specific sense of a specific word.
"validForms" accepts a type (1) or (2) query string. It returns a list of all alternate forms (alternate spellings, conjugations, plural/singular forms, etc.). The type (1) query returns alternates for all parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb). WARNING: Only the first argument returned by validForms is certain to be valid (i.e. recognized by WordNet). Remaining arguments may not be valid.
"listAllWords" accepts a part of speech and returns the full list of words in the WordNet database for that part of speech.
"level" accepts a type (3) query string and returns a distance (not necessarily the shortest or longest) to the root in the hypernym directed acyclic graph.
"offset" accepts a type (3) query string and returns the binary offset of that sense's location in the corresponding data file.
"tagSenseCnt" accepts a type (2) query string and returns the tagsense_cnt value for that lemma: "number of senses of lemma that are ranked according to their frequency of occurrence in semantic concordance texts."
"lexname" accepts a type (3) query string and returns the lexname of the sense; see WordNet lexnames man page for more information.
"frequency" accepts a type (3) query string and returns the frequency count of the sense from tagged text; see WordNet cntlist man page for more information.
See test.pl for additional


Jump to content
Food and Water
Mike McBrien
Now that you have read the Home Sweet Home page and have a nice tank to put your fish in, we need to discuss the water that goes into the tank and the food you will be feeding. For us, water is usually just water, unless you live where the water is really hard. If you come from a hard water area you know about mineral deposits and a high pH that makes your skin dry and itchy. Or maybe your area has a high iron content and you deal with a reddish stain on things. Since your fish lives in the water it is going to be a lot more important to him, so we will discuss water parameters and how they relate to your new friend. All fish, and especially Bettas, love to eat. A good quality and well balanced food will keep your fish healthy. There are many types of food on the market and some are better than others for your Betta so we will also be discuss them in this article as well.
For a person keeping a fish tank there are three parameters that are separate yet related. For years I blew off knowing anything about them because I thought that stuff was for more geeky types. But I have found an understanding of your water will go along way to being successful in keeping tropical fish of any kind. Knowing what you have out of the tap, how it relates to the type of fish you want to keep and what possible ways there are to change it will make you more successful with your tank and may save the lives of some fish. And it really is not that difficult, though if you are like me you may have to read it through a few times to really get it. The three parameters we will be discussing are pH, gH and kh. Now before your eyeballs roll back into your head.. lets ease into what each of these are.
The first thing everybody tells you to check is your pH. Most living things depend on a proper pH level to sustain life. The blood flowing through our veins must have a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Exceeding this range by as little as one-tenth of a pH unit could prove fatal. Pure water is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid that is made up of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. pH is a measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration measured on a scale from 0-14. Increasing the number of hydrogen ions result in a drop of the pH or more acidic water. A pH of 7 is neutral and values below 7 are acidic and those above are basic. pH has a logarithmic function, meaning in lay terms, ten-fold. In every day language, that means a change in pH from 7 to 6 makes your water is 10 times more acidic than it was. If you drop another point to pH 5, you now have water 100 times more acid. This is a drastic change for fish, so anytime you want to change your pH, you must do it gradually.
The pH in you tank is not fixed but changes over time. Throughout the course of a day, it rise during the daytime and typically will drop at night. The pH will also change as new fish are added or removed from a tank, as water is added or changed, and as the biological processes change in the tank. Though tropical fish originate in waters with different pH values, aquarium fish can adapt to and live happily in most pH levels if they not too far out of their range. What they will not adapt well to is bouncing values. A common cause of fish fatalities is rapid changes in pH values.
In general, the best pH for your fish is what ever happens to come out of your tap. When testing your water allow it to sit over night to let the excess carbon dioxide gas, which temporarily lowers the pH reading, to escape.If your water has a pH value between 6.5 and 8.0, it is acceptable to keep and even breed most common tropical fish, including Bettas. There are some that do have special needs, like Discus or Chichlids, but other factors such as Water Hardness and Total Dissolved Solids appear to be much more influential than the pH itself. The reason you should live with what you have is because tap water is often heavily "buffered". Buffered water contains chemicals that resist changing pH because they absorb either acids or bases. Usually adding a chemical to change the pH will result in a change for a few hours or even days. But with the buffers eating up what you just added it will jump back to its original value. This stresses fish and just makes you crazy. If you come to the conclusion you just HAVE to change your water, there will be some articles soon that we will link to to help you with that.
Hopefully that wasn't so bad and you are still with us. The next two parameters most people don't talk about like they do the pH and when they do, they sound so much the same you kinda tune out a when you hear them. These next two deal with something called the hardness of water. Water hardness is related to the amount of dissolved minerals in contains. The total hardness of water consists of two components: general hardness (GH) and carbonate hardness (KH). Water hardness can be measures in several units. The unit dH means ''degree hardness'', while ppm means ''parts per million'', which is roughly equivalent to mg/L in water. Now lets take a look at each one separately.
General Hardness or gH
 General hardness (GH or dGH) refers to the dissolved concentration of magnesium and calcium ions. When fish are said to prefer ''soft'' or ''hard'' water, it is GH (not KH) that is being referred to. For proper internal osmotic processes in fish, both Calcium and magnesium are important. Other ions can contribute to water hardness, but compared to calcium and magnesium, they are usually insignificant and difficult to measure. General hardness is often referred to as permanent hardness, or non-carbonate hardness
0 - 4 dH, 0 - 70 ppm : very soft
 4 - 8 dH, 70 - 140 ppm : soft
 8 - 12 dH, 140 - 210 ppm : medium hard
 12 - 18 dH, 210 - 320 ppm : fairly hard
 18 - 30 dH, 320 - 530 ppm : hard
 higher : liquid rock (Lake Malawi and Los Angeles, CA)
Buffering Capacity or kH
Carbonate hardness is due to carbonate/bicarbonate ions, and is known as the "buffering capacity" of water. The buffering capacity is water's ability to keep the pH stable as acids or bases are added – acting almost like a sponge so they cannot affect the pH. However, the capacity of this sponge is limited; once the buffering capacity is used up, the pH changes more rapidly as acids are added. When the KH is high, the pH will be very stable and difficult to alter. A low KH, less than 3 degrees, is less stable and will allow your pH to swing.
Buffering has both positive and negative consequences. The end result of the nitrogen cycle is nitrate or nitric acid. It's build up between water changes will cause your pH to fall if your water does not have adequate buffering, a bad thing. This dropping pH will stress or possibly kill your fish. When you have enough buffering capacity in your water, the pH remains stable, a big plus. On the negative side, hard tap water almost always has a large buffering capacity. If you find the pH of your water is too high for the fish you want to raise, the buffering capacity will make it very difficult to lower the pH to a more appropriate value. The buffering capacity of your water must be considered if you decide to change the pH. Carbonate hardness is sometimes referred to as 'temporary' hardness, because it can be removed by boiling, which precipitates the carbonates.
Total Dissolved Solids or TDS
TDS or Total Dissolved Solids. This refers to the amount of dissolved ions, minerals, salts, metals and other chemicals in water. The amount is expressed in mg/L or parts per million (ppm). These ions may include Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Nitrate and Silicate to name but a few. Remember this : low pH fish are actually low TDS fish
So what exactly is TDS and why is it important?
Here is a definition of TDS as I see it : it basically refers to all the inorganic dissolved solids in water. It does not necessarily provide foolproof information on hardness measurements (though it does include things like calcium and magnesium) but gives a better over-view of the total mineral content of water. So it is not correct to simply regard TDS as an indicator of hardness, i.e. how much calcium carbonate is dissolved in the water. One can say that there is no accurate relationship between hardness and TDS. GH is basically a measurement of divalent cations, namely MG++ (magnesium) and CA++ (calcium) where as KH is a measurement of carbonate concentration.* Both GH and KH can affect hardness and TDS levels, however, the reverse is not necessarily true. Aquarium water can have a high TDS level but a low GH


text:
1. In the calculation of manufacturing cycle efficiency, which of the following activities results in value-added time?
E. All of the above.
2. The difference between budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead and the fixed overhead applied to production is the:
A. sum of the spending and efficiency variances.
B. controllable variance
C. efficiency variance
D. spending variance
E. volume variance
Please see the response to your posting as below:
1. In the calculation of manufacturing...
Solution contains answers of Multiple choice questions.


text:
Researchers at Swansea University have pioneered a technique to produce a molecule used to make plastics from converted carbon dioxide (CO2).
The discovery by a team from the Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI) at the university is a major breakthrough, which could contribute to 'offsetting global carbon emissions'.
"Carbon dioxide is responsible for much of the damage caused to our environment. Considerable research focuses on capturing and storing harmful carbon dioxide emissions. But an alternative to expensive long-term storage is to use the captured CO2 as a resource to make useful materials," said Dr Enrico Andreoli heads the CO2 utilisation group at ESRI. "That's why at Swansea we have converted waste carbon dioxide into a molecule called ethylene. Ethylene is one of the most widely used molecules in the chemical industry and is the starting material in the manufacture of detergents, synthetic lubricants, and the vast majority of plastics like polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride essential to modern society."
The team is now looking for industrial partners to commercialise the innovation.


text:
United States Department of Agriculture
Current Topics: Selected Issues in American Agriculture Today
This section gives a brief overview of a few current issues facing American agriculture and therefore the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Further information on these current topics can be found on the Web sites indicated.
What is USDA doing to ensure the well-being of America's agriculture and food supply? The Department has in place an overall biosecurity system designed to prevent the harmful introduction of plant and animal pathogens into America's system of agriculture and food production. From the farm to the table, USDA enforces biosecurity measures designed to protect against all animal and plant pathogens.
Following September 11, 2001, USDA took immediate steps to secure sensitive facilities and examine vulnerabilities throughout the food chain, and it con-ducted assessments to identify the critical needs to fill security gaps. USDA continues to take the necessary steps to ensure that its programs and services are responsive to potential biosecurity threats. USDA programs aim to meet two very important objectives: first, to prevent the entry of plant or animal diseases, and second, to contain and eradicate the problem if we do face an emergency.
USDA is looking at short-and long-term needs to ensure that the Department continues to protect America's food supply and agriculture against pests and diseases of any kind. In 2001 and 2002, USDA took steps to strengthen USDA's agricultural infrastructure the programs, the research, the coordination, and the resources resources to ensure that the Department has the ability to prevent pests and diseases from harming agriculture and our food system.
The Department's efforts on homeland security are based on a longstanding commitment to food safety and to se-curing the food supply and agriculture from threats. For example, in 2001, the Department dealt with the threat of foot-and-mouth disease as a widespread outbreak occurred in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe. USDA strengthened surveillance and response systems as it dealt with the threat of this disease that we had not seen in this country for over 70 years.
However, since September 11, 2001, USDA is also examining threats to our food supply as homeland security issues. The Department is now concerned about intentional as well as unintentional threats.
USDA has stepped up its ongoing efforts to protect American agriculture against potential threats. Key homeland security activities include protecting the food sup-ply and agricultural production, as well as protecting USDA staff and facilities and ensuring emergency preparedness. Some of the key biosecurity enhancements being implemented include the following:
Modern information technologies allow for improved responses to plant and ani-mal pest and disease outbreaks. For ex-ample, USDA is also developing a system that relies on geographic information system technologies to provide capabilities for real-time mapping to predict spread and consequences of outbreaks. And the Agricultural Research Service is improving rapid detection technologies for foot-and-mouth disease as well as other animal diseases. The Department is also addressing the possible disruption to its computer systems.
Training exercises, as well as more communications and technical assistance, have been conducted and improved to ensure readiness should we face an ani-mal, pest, or food emergency.
Federal and State
State grants and cooperative agreements help bolster food and agricultural homeland security protections. These grants are an important component of U. S. efforts to strengthen homeland security protections as they relate to food and agriculture. States and local communi-ties, along with academia and the private sector, are critical partners in making sure the Nation is prepared in the event of an emergency.
USDA conducts regular training, meetings, and conferences to discuss planning and preparedness issues as they relate to pest and animal diseases and food safety issues. USDA communicates with producers, farmers, and food manufacturers via industry associations, industry media, and cooperators on State and local levels regarding ongoing agricultural issues such as biosecurity. USDA officials in every State continue to meet and discuss with producers and farmers the importance of heightened awareness as a protection measure against biosecubiosecurity threats, urging responsible and cautious monitoring of the Nation's food and agriculture system.
Protecting Meat and Poultry
FSIS continues to strengthen meat, poultry, and egg food safety systems that protect consumers, and it has taken actions that continually improve food safety protections.
USDA has a responsibility to protect public health, and it incorporates proven scientific principles throughout the food safety system to enhance our food safety infrastructure. The agency has the most advanced food safety system in the world and it continually works to enhance it.
This food safety system has achieved some measurable successes. For example, Salmonella testing data show that the prevalence of this pathogen has significantly decreased in all product categories, including turkey. Also, data from the Centers for Disease Control show significant reductions in foodborne illness.
In the wake of September 11, 2001, and potential threats to the Nation's food supply, FSIS has strengthened food protection programs and is spending an additional $15 million to bolster food safety protections. Additional resources will be provided to strengthen USDA's foreign meat inspection program and to enhance laboratory systems and research. USDA has formed several homeland security teams to specifically examine ways to strengthen protections against intentional threats to the food supply.
In November 2001, USDA released a landmark study conducted by Harvard University that showed the risk of BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease) entering the United States is very low. Even so, USDA announced several actions to strengthen protection systems, including:
The FY 2002 budget included $13 million for additional BSE surveillance, research, and laboratory activities.
Furthermore, new inspection positions have been added to improve FSIS' capacity to detect and prevent food safety problems. In addition, supplementary education and specialized training will be provided for existing FSIS inspection personnel. FSIS has hired 17 District Veterinary Medical Specialists. These new positions will ensure that all plants, regardless of size, appropriately address their humane handling responsibilities and other slaughter issues. Additionally, FSIS is training 75 Consumer Safety Officers to conduct on-site food safety and other consumer protection assessments in meat and poultry establishments, and make determinations about the scientific efficacy of a plant's Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point operating plan.
For More Information:
For more information on food safety issues, visit http://www. fsis.usda.gov
Consumers concerned about their meat or poultry products should contact USDA's Meat and Poultry Hotline at: _PHONE_. A USDA compliance officer will follow up on reports of product tampering and adulteration.
Consumers who believe they have eaten suspect product should contact a physician immediately.
The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (called the Farm Bill), which governs Federal farm programs for 6 years, was signed into law on May 13, 2002. It contains record levels of support for environmental stewardship and conservation of soil and water quality on working lands. Following are highlights of the conservation measures in this legislation.
Conservation Funding Increased
This legislation responds to a broad range of emerging natural resource challenges faced by farmers and ranchers, including soil erosion, wetlands and wildlife habitat enhancement, and farmland protection.
Conservation Provisions in the 2002 Farm Bill
Here is a summary of existing conservation programs covered in the 2002 Farm Bill. Most of the following programs get acreage or funding increases:
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) offers annual payments and cost sharing to establish long-term, resource-conserving cover on environmentally sensitive land. It provides technical and financial assistance to reduce soil erosion, protect the Nation's ability to produce food and fiber, reduce sedimentation in streams and lakes, improve water quality, establish wildlife habitat, and enhance forest and wetland resources. CRP encourages farmers to convert highly erodible crop-land or other environmentally sensitive acreage to vegetative cover. The acreage cap is increased from 36.4 million acres to 39.2 million acres. Funding is through the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). CBO estimates increased spending of $1.5 billion over 10 years.
The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) is part of
the CRP. It is a voluntary program designed to address specific grassroots
environmental issues related to agriculture. The CREP combines the CRP
with State programs to provide a framework allowing USDA to work in partnership
with State government and local interests. Because the Farm Bill increases
acreage caps for the CRP, it will provide more opportunities to create
partnership agreements. More in-formation on the CRP and the CREP can
be found at _URL_
The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) is USDA's premier wetland restoration program. It provides cost sharing and/ or long-term or permanent easements for restoring wetland on agricultural land. The acreage cap is increased from 1.075 million acres to 2.275 million acres. The Secretary of Agriculture is required (to the greatest extent practicable) to enroll 250,000 acres per year. Funding is through the CCC. CBO estimates increased spending of $1.5 billion over 10 years. The WRP is offered on a continuous signup basis. Applications are available at local USDA Service Centers, NRCS field offices and conservation districts, or on the Web at _URL_
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides technical assistance, cost sharing, and incentive payments to assist livestock and crop producers with conservation and environmental improvements. The Farm Bill reauthorizes EQIP through 2007. EQIP is slated to receive $5.8 billion in CCC funding for FY 2002-07 and a total of $9 billion over 10 years. Funding is phased up to $1.3 billion annually by FY


The COVID19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the daily operations and strategic goals of civil society organisations and the non-profit sector. At the same time, many funders and donors have responded by shifting priorities towards emergency funds and short-term needs.
As vaccines are being rolled out across Europe, it is time to reflect and prepare for what is coming next. The return to what has been before is unlikely.
So how can organisations prepare and strategise for the transition to the post-COVID19 world?
The interactive online discussion panel aims to open a dialogue between donor organisations and activists, civil society and change-making organisations on working together to meet future challenges effectively.
The expert presentations aim to build capacity within civil society to help them prepare and manage the transition successfully.
Organised with the support of the European Youth Forum.
Programme and registration.
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Last month, 40 U.S. billionaires, including Bill Gates and Warren Buffett made a pledge to give at least half of their net-worth to philanthropic causes. Collectively, the pledges could be worth $200 billion. This amount could be a significant impact on philanthropy and in addressing global and domestic issues in the U.S. However, we also know that donors are driven by their passions and interests and what they choose to support is inherently personal. Therefore, the funds could be dispersed in multiple issues and areas. But there may also be donors like Warren Buffett that decide to partner with other donors to leverage the impact of their philanthropic dollars.
The Brookings Institute looked at the published 35 letters and found that they mentioned at least one cause.
A quarter of the letters mention giving to international causes, ranging from nuclear non-proliferation and Middle East peace to combating climate change and disaster relief. Of the 35 letters, only six, approximately 17%, mention making direct contributions to global development issues such as health care, water, humanitarian aid or education. And while 17 letters - nearly 50 percent - specifically mention making philanthropic contributions to education, only two suggest a direct or implied reference to education in developing countries. Of those two, neither was directly pledging money to tackle issues of access and quality education in developing countries.
I think what most analyst forget is that a majority of the Giving Pledge donors have created or are in the process of creating a family foundations. Therefore, we will need to look beyond the letters and to the family foundations itself to understand the issues that are being supported. A look at past giving of each donor is also required.
In the U.S., family foundations are only required to give out 5% of their funds each year. This means that the funds could sit in the family foundation for years - even generations. While a majority of family foundations do give out more than the 5% requirement, many are having a hard time meeting this law because of the incredible amount they have to give out each year.
What this means for the community is that while the dollars are tremendous, there are many variables as to the impact of the pledge dollars, i.e., when and how the funds are used. People have to pass on, only 5% of funds flow out of the foundation, and when dollars are released, not everyone dollar will be strategically used.


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|Johann Georg Ferdinand Müller (1805–1898), born in Kroppenstaedt near Halberstadt, was a
Christian evangelist and director of orphanages in Bristol, England. He cared for over ten thousand
orphans in his lifetime and was well-known for establishing 117 schools to provide an education to
the children. The English aristocracy accused him of raising the poor above their natural station in life.
Müller started out his life as a petty thief and a gambler. He turned his life around and studied
divinity in the University of Halle and soon began preaching regularly in nearby churches. In 1828,
Müller became the pastor of Ebenezer Chapel in Devon, England and married. During his time as the
pastor here, he refused a regular salary and eliminated the practise of renting of church pews. Müller
moved to Bristol in 1832 where he preached until his death.
In 1834, with no governmental support, he founded the Scriptural Knowledge Institution for Home
and Abroad to aid Christian schools and missionaries and distribute the Bible. He never made
requests for financial support and took only unsolicited gifts, and by the time of his death, it had
supported the orphanages and distributed hundreds of thousands of Bibles and other religious texts. It
also supported other "faith missionaries" around the world, and the work continues to this day.
His charges had a tight schedule. They were well-dressed, well-fed and well-educated. In 1871 an
article in The Times stated that since 1836, 23,000 children had been educated in his schools and
many thousands had been educated in other schools at the expense of the orphanage. In 1875, at the
age of 70, Müller began missionary travels, preaching (in English, French, and German) in the US,
India, Australia, Japan, China, and nearly 40 other countries. For 17 years, the he travelled over
200,000 miles. In 1898, he died in England. After his life, his work was continued by The George
Müller Foundation, which was renamed The George Müller Charitable Trust in 2009.


text:
Tiimiakatemia is a Finnish education model that focuses on coaching led learning by doing. In the UK Tiimiakatemia, or Team Academy, methodology has been used by the University of the West England, University of Westminster, Northumbria University, Falmouth University, Teeside University and Lincoln's very own Bishop Grosseteste University, to deliver undergraduate and post graduate entrepreneurship courses for the past 7 years. In 2019 both Aston University and Liverpool John Moore University are set to start their own courses, and work is currently being undertaken to develop courses for those in Further Education with The Aldridge Foundation. In Finland, Tiimiakatemia has been delivering within education and business for the past 25 years.
So what is the Tiimiakatemia Methodology?
Unlike traditional education which focuses on classroom teaching Tiimiakatemia learners are more self directed, which means that students are responsible for their own learning, with an emphasis on teamwork, supported by qualified coaches.
"It combines entrepreneurship, business, teamwork, pedagogical approaches and humanistic thinking together. These fields have been refined to fit both education and business environments where teamwork and shared results are critical requirements.
At the heart of the Method is socioconstructivism. In this approach the learner constructs his or her own thoughts, ideas and attitudes with others. Because an individual cannot learn entrepreneurship in a vacuum or within the constraints of a conventional classroom, the Method emphasises learning by doing. By doing real-life projects and assingments the individual can gain valuable experiences. These experiences are shared with others in team learning settings."
- Tiimiakatemia Global
How is this methodology useful?
In an educational setting the Tiimiakatemia methodology is revolutionary. It allows learners, often those who have become disenfranchised with traditional education, to develop the skills they need to build their own successful businesses or enhance their skills offer to employers. In 2014, 91% Tiimiakatemia graduates from Jyvaskyla became employed within 6 months of graduating, with 37% of those starting their own businesses.
Internationally the Wartsila Corporation, specialists in Marine Engineering and Energy Solutions & Services operating in 200 locations across 80 countries use Tiimiakatemia methodology as management and development tools.
How does the coaching process work?
The coaching process starts with the formation of team. In education, students form teams that become limited companies with the goals of learning entrepreneurial skills by doing them. Key skills developed during this process include, but are not limited to: team working, self learning, leadership, project management and financial management as well as curiosity, listening skills and the ability to share knowledge.
Through psychometric testing students learn about their strengths and what areas they need to work on as learners and team members, which helps form the basis of their company learning too. They work on solo projects and team projects to develop the knowledge and skills needed to make their businesses thrive. Through their solo learning they use a variety of resources to build knowledge which they then share with the team. Collectively this knowledge helps drive forward the company.
Within this environment coaches act as anchor points to encourage students to reflect upon, and think about, the knowledge and skills they need to develop in order to successfully run a company and complete their degrees. This normally happens in twice weekly group dialogue sessions designed to stimulate the deep conversation in a safe environment. The students also carry out creative labs which often see them working with specialists from areas they have identified to help build the skills they want to learn.
How does Creative Rebel CIC use this process?
We're adapting this model so that it becomes open to everyone from any background. By forming a team of engaged like minded people our aim is to help them develop the tools they need to affect social change within their communities though positive action. We think there's a real power in the contracting tools, coaching, personal reflection, group dialogue, and learning by doing to bring together people who want to make a difference. Empowering people to take ownership and to do things for themselves means that results can have a lasting legacy.
We also know that this methodology has practical benefits for businesses too. It can help to develop skill sets within existing teams and organisations that allow companies to break through blockages and really succeed.
Ultimately, we feel that the Tiimiakatemia methodology is the 'perfect cocktail' to bring about rapid, substantial and sustainable change across a multitude of platforms. If you're interested in finding out more about the methodology you can visit the Tiimiakatemia Global website, and if you'd like to know more about how we can help you implement some of these techniques drop us a line or book a free consultation via our online booking page


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"Earth's crust is like a giant conveyor belt, with plates spreading apart at mid-ocean ridges and diving into the mantle for recycling at subduction zones, Key explained."
METAMIA is a free database of analogy and metaphor. Anyone can contribute or search. The subject matter can be anything. Science is popular, but poetry is encouraged. The goal is to integrate our fluid muses with the stark literalism of a relational database. Metamia is like a girdle for your muses, a cognitive girdle.


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The similarities between the Shakespeare's' play and the tomorrow and tomorrow and so forth shares so many similarities ranging from the setting of the play and the story since story borrows the contents of the play to even the way the authors portrays characters because they seem to posses same traits. The key similarities are existence of fraud in the two books, tricky games amongst characters, and personality evolution throughout the book Fraud can be defined as the quality of being deceptive, trickery, willful deceit or being dishonesty. It can also be defined as a the act of willful deception and dishonesty which is carried out to secure ones advantage or profits to which one is not entitled to, at the expense of another. This paper will outline the similarities between the two books.
The inferences and Macbeth soliloquy is the bases of the story tomorrow and tomorrow and so forth. Both the play the Macbeth's soliloquy and john Updike's story is the fraudulence in life. In the john's story, classroom has been portrayed as the microcosm of the real life frauds. Mark a teacher makes sarcastic and ironical statements to attack his students. He knows what he is doing but he does it in order to please other students. This way he employs fraud since he is getting advantage at the expense of another student. At the beginning of the story, he misinterprets student's remarks as a way to crack a joke all in order to make students laugh. The other form of fraud is: A male high-school teacher is drawn into an insensible enmity with a bright boy in the class over a beautiful girl. Teacher after seeing a note indicating that the boy is loved, he is elevated and touched. His joy is only for a while. It later becomes evident that the girl had been trained by the bright boy to trick the all male teachers (MetalMiike).
In Macbeth fraud is evident with the murders happening in the play. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are well rounded and well developed. By Shakespeare stressing on the emotional sides of these two characters gives them scope. In the eyes of the audience they appear as normal human beings rather than their real characters as murderers. Other characters are not fully developed but as the audience we can still believe in them. Their traits are seen through their dialogues and for the main characters in their prologues. Macbeth, who is the hero of the play, is a man of war.
He is portrayed as greedy, determined, and rash. In the beginning of the play, he is a warrior who is there to serve the king and cannot be able bring himself to kill Duncan for the sake of his throne. He grows cold with time and forgets his real identity for the sake of self gains. He then kills Duncan. It is only after the murder that his personality changes to guilty one and nears madness. As the result of this murder he is triggered to commit more murders and dug himself a grave. His cold heart is portrayed by requesting Banquo for his presence in supper for him to kill him.
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Personality change is also evident in Macbeth's wife. She also develops through the play. She is seen as strong, faithful, and ambitious. She is can be viewed as fraudulent since as the book opens she is the one who convinces her husband to kill Duncan in order to get the throne. This also portrays her ambitious nature. Soon after the murder happens, her personality changes since fear grows in her and she becomes regretful of her deeds. She is worried of this information becomes open to the people who might drive her insanity (Ahn).
Lady Macbeth does not have respect of human life since when her husband could not kill Duncan, she demands to be given a dagger and she also indicates that both the living and the dead are just bit pictures. This is the highest level of disrespect of human life we find in the book and from this we come to see the hypocrisy in the couple which is carve for power. We also see the craftiness in her to mislead her husband in order to attain power, the same thing that we see how the bright boy plans with the pretty girl to mislead the teacher. The results for being overambitious are seen to lead to downfall. Macbeth tried to stop prophecies of the witches from happening but it happened anyway, the same way in the tomorrow and tomorrow so forth. After Macbeth and his wife being over jealous about prophecy they he ends up killing himself. This shows the evident theme in the two books that bad things can happen to good people with only one effect of a bad deed. Like in the case of Macbeth, he was loyal to serve the king but due to his ambition, his world fell apart (Friedman).
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Both books employ the use of style in poetic diction by using eloquent words and vivid description of the events. In both pieces of literature the writers uses irony, sarcasm, and drama in order to maintain suspense in their works. The two literatures have been written with a wide range of words and have been written in the formal manners. In both books the words used follows an iambic pentameter rhythm. It can be seen that these books can be compared since the story borrows from the Shakespeare's' play.
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text: Abstract. We study the design of protocols for set-operation verification, namely the problem of cryptographically checking the correctness of outsourced set operations performed by an untrusted server over a dynamic collection of sets that are owned (and updated) by a trusted source. We present new authenticated data structures that allow any entity to publicly verify a proof attesting the correctness of primitive set operations such as intersection, union, subset and set difference. Based on a novel extension of the security properties of bilinear-map accumulators as well as on a primitive called accumulation tree, our protocols achieve optimal verification and proof complexity (i.e., only proportional to the size of the query parameters and the answer), as well as optimal update complexity (i.e., constant), while incurring no extra asymptotic space overhead. The proof construction is also efficient, adding a logarithmic overhead to the computation of the answer of a set-operation query. In contrast, existing schemes entail high communication and verification costs or high storage costs. Applications of interest include efficient verification of keyword search and database queries. The security of our protocols is based on the bilinear q-strong Diffie-Hellman assumption.


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The settlement of Joden Savanne and Cassipora cemetery
Urban Heritage Foundation, Suriname
Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party.
The former settlement of Joden Savanne (Jew's Savanne) and the cemetery at Cassipora, mark an important stage in the European colonization of the Western Hemisphere. The synagogue at Joden Savanne, of which a ruin remains, is the oldest still present in the Americas. It is a reminder of pioneers of American Judaism. Jews, fleeing the Spanish inquisition were welcomed in Suriname, first by the British and later by the Dutch, to settle and reclaim the land along the River Suriname. As part of the government policy to attract Jewish settlers, they were given special privileges, which granted them freedom of religion, freedom of ownership and the right to have their own judicial court. Jewish merchants were especially wanted for their expertise on international trade. In 1665 they achieved a piece of land close to the Cassipora Creek to build a synagogue and to layout a cemetery. Shortly afterwards, the community moved to a hill overlooking the River Suriname where the settlement of Joden Savanne was founded. In 1685 a synagogue, named 'Beracha Ve Shalom' (Blessing and Peace), was inaugurated. It was made of brick imported from abroad. The synagogue formed the central point of a rectangular village. Close to the synagogue is a natural well which was said to have healing capacities. At the end of the 17th century approximately 600 people lived in the flourishing agricultural settlement of Joden Savanne owning more than 40 plantations with over 9,000 slaves. Besides her important economic role the Jewish community also had part in the protection of the colony. In the vicinity of the settlement lay the military supply post 'Post Gelderland' of the defence line 'Cordonpad'. This line, which started at Joden Savanne and ended at the coast, was constructed to protect the plantations from attacks of maroons, i.e. runaway slaves. It consistod of a wide bridle path with military posts at repular intervals. In the 19th century, however, most of the Jews living in Joden Savanne had moved to the capital of Paramaribo due to the decline of the sugar-cane industry. After a great fire in 1832 the settlement was left desolate. The cemeteries of Joden Savanne and Cassipora are of excephonal splendour. The cemetery of Cassipora counts several hundred tombstones. The oldest grave dates from 1667. The cemetery of Joden Savanna has approximately 450 graves. A large number of stones is of marble imported from Europe, other graves are made of bricks. Some stones are beaubfully ornamented. Inscriptions are in Spanish, Portugees, Dutch and Hebrew. The synagogue and the two cemeteries are the major sites at Joden Savanne. More remains of the settlement still have to be excavated. The foundation of the synagogue reveals its ground-plan.The natural well is still there and the defence line at Post Gelderland is recognizable.


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1912 to 1981
Abbé Alexis Kagame was a Rwandese historian, ethnologist, and philosopher, who became the intellectual leader of the Tutsi people by articulating their cosmology in contemporary terms.
Kagame was born into a family of court historians and soon became intimately familiar with the oral traditions of the Tutsi. His family converted to Catholicism after World War I, and Kagame attended both a missionary school as well as one for the sons of chiefs. He entered a seminary in 1929 and was ordained in 1941. By 1938, while still a seminarian, he was an editor of a Catholic newspaper. He also taught at the novitiate of the Brothers of St. Joseph (Bayozefiti), which he continued to do for five years after his ordination. During this time Kagame became a close friend of King MUTARA III and rose to prominence in the country. Kagame's abilities would have been apparent under any conditions, but he had the good fortune of achieving public attention as Catholicism became a pervasive force in the country.
In 1943, Kagame published his first book, an oral history of ancient Rwanda. This book was followed by several volumes of poetry and finally by a multivolume creation epic, published in French as La divine pastorale (_PHONE_). It presents a Rwandese creation myth and history of the world, revealing parallels between Tutsi traditions and Christian teaching - a favorite theme of Kagame's. In the 1970s he added several studies of Rwandese dynastic poetry.
In 1952, Kagame wrote Le code des institutions politiques du Rwanda, a stirring defense and vindication of the Tutsi feudal system. The Belgian authorities found his nationalist work disturbing and conveniently arranged for Kagame to be sent to Rome for higher studies. He became a member of les prêtres noirs (the black priests), a loose association of young African theology students who were undertaking a nationalist reading of Christianity. Kagame's doctoral thesis became his most noted work, The Bantu-Rwandese Philosophy of Being (1956). In it Kagame made African thought available in Western terms. It not only replied effectively to missionary interpretations of African thought but also began a dialogue on the nature of African religion and its relationship with Western Christianity.
After returning home, Kagame began teaching at the Catholic seminary and published a history of Rwanda and a study of the Kinyarwanda language. In 1959, after the death of the king, the Hutu overthrew the feudal system in a vicious bloodbath of revenge. Kagame, despite his identification with the former ruling class, was unaffected due to the general respect for his scholarship and thought. He was appointed to the National University when it was founded in 1963. He subsequently received many international honors, which included serving on the prestigious UNESCO committee for writing a general history of Africa. During this later period he also championed the Africanization of Christianity, using the documents of the Vatican Council to argue against maintaining missionary attitudes. With the importance of Catholicism in Rwandese society, this was a statement that went far beyond religious issues. Despite his eminence, Kagame was a transitional thinker, mediating African thought in Western terms but making it possible for a newer generation of intellectuals to begin a more integrally African philosophy that at the same time has a place in the contemporary world.
Norbert C. Brockman
Herdeck, Donald. African Authors. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Inscape, 1974.
Lipschutz, Mark R., and R. Kent Rasmussen. Dictionary of African Historical Biography. 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
Ewechue, Ralph (ed.). Makers of Modern Africa. 2nd edition. London: Africa Books, 1991.
Nsengimana, Joseph. Alexis Kagame: L'homme (Alexis Kagame: The man, 1987).
This article is reproduced, with permission, from An African Biographical Dictionary, copyright © 1994, edited by Norbert C. Brockman, Santa Barbara, California. All rights reserved.
Encyclopaedia Britannica (complete article): Alexis Kagame


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Current all-orders proofs of factorization of hard processes are made by extracting the leading power behavior of Feynman graphs, i.e., by extracting asymptotics strictly order-by-order in perturbation theory. The resulting parton densities and fragmentation functions include nonperturbative effects. I show how there are missing elements in the proofs; these are related to and exemplified by string and cluster models of hadronization. The proofs rely on large rapidity differences between different parts of graphs for the process; but in reality large rapidity gaps are filled in.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


Since 1980, the John Beargrease Sled Dog Marathon has attracted mushers from around the world. Beginning in Duluth and running 400 miles along the north shore of Lake Superior to the Canadian border, the Beargrease is one of the longest, most grueling race routes outside of Alaska. With the 30th running of the marathon starting later this month, many people are asking "Who is John Beargrease" and Why does he have a sled dog race named after him?".
John Beargreas's story began in a wigwam on the outskirts of the first settlement along the north shore of Lake Superior, Beaver Bay. The son of an Anishinabe Chief, Beargrease grew up fishing, hunting, and trapping along the north shore with his father and two brothers. When he was in his teens he worked on commercial fishing boats that sailed up and down the coastline. By the time he was in his twenties, a few more small settlements had sprung up along the north shore, including Agate Bay [now Two Harbors], Castle Danger, Pork Bay, Grand Marais, and Grand Portage. Since the train only went as far as Agate Bay, people along the shore had a hard time sending and receiving mail. Since this was often the only form of communication with the outside world.
Letters and packages from family and friends were extremely important. Since Beargrease and his brothers made regular trips up and down the shore trapping and trading, they began to grab the mail in Agate Bay for the residents along the shore and deliver it as they checked their traps or traded with other residents. By 1879, the brothers were making trips for the mail and delivering it all the way to Grand Marais once or twice per week.
Over the next twenty years, Beargrease was a welcome sight for people living along the north shore. They would eagerly await his arrival each week. He not only delivered mail from their loved ones, he also brought local and national news, weather reports from up and down the shore, and for some- a little company. Beargrease would make his route year 'round in all types of weather. In the warmer months he would deliver the mail by canoe or boat, but he was best known for his winter travels by dogsled. he made his fastest dogsled trip from Agate Bay to Grand Marais with a load of about 700 lbs. of mail in just under 28 hours. In the summer, he could make the same trip by boat in about 20 hours.
John Beargrease made his last mail delivery on April 26, 1899. By that time, the trail he traveled for over twenty years had become a well-used road. He made his last delivery using a horse and buggy instead of a canoe or dogsled. Beargrease continued his successful trading business along the north shore, making his home in Beaver Bay and among his people in Grand Portage. One day in 1910, he went out in a storm to rescue a mail carrier whose boat was caught in the waves of tamarack Point, near Grand Portage. He caught pneumonia after the ordeal and died soon after. His grave can be seen today at the Indian Cemetery in Beaver Bay.
Because of his reliable and successful mail delivery, the population along the north shore grew and the economy stabilized. Small settlements grew into permanent towns with residents who continue to recognize the role John Beargrease played in their history. Forgotten Minnesota.
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text:
Shortly after 5:00 P.M. On Wednesday, May 27, 1896, a Herculean tornado shattered the St. Louis Area. Within twenty minutes, 137 people had perished in St. Louis, with 118 dead across the river in East St. Louis. Along a ten-mile swath of devastation, the tornado destroyed 311 buildings, heavily damaged 7,200 others and caused significant harm to 1,300 more. Even today, that powerful cyclone of a century ago "remains the single deadliest incident to befall the St. Louis area," according to Tim O'Neil of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
who wrote the foreword for this historic reprint of a book originally published by the Cyclone Publishing Company.
Heavily illustrated by photographs of the damage, The Great Cyclone was compiled from stories in the city's daily newspapers—the Globe-Democrat, the Post-Dispatch, and, most notably, the old St. Louis Republic. O'Neil points out that "the book's compilers are not identified, but their glowing praise of the 'superb descriptive composition' in the Republic provides a good guess about where most of them worked."


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(battlement), the name of two towns in Judah, and a person:
In the highland district, named between Carmel and Juttah. (Joshua 15:55) The place is immortalized by its connection with David. (1 Samuel 23:14,15,24; 26:2) These passages show that at that time it had near it a wilderness (i,e, a waste pasture-ground) and a wood. The latter has disappeared but the former remains. The name of Zif if, found about three miles south of Hebron, attached to a rounded hill of some 100 feet in height, which is called Tell Zif.
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Haym Solomon: an American religious patriot who was Jewish
Jerusalem: the connection to American history is clear.
Jerusalem: the connection to American history is clear.
The conviction of religion was prominent in many of America's founding fathers' belief systems, the majority being active members in their congressional churches. However one revolutionary patriot stands tall in the contributions of Haym Solomon who played an enormous financial backer of the American Revolution.
Without Mr. Solomon's personal sacrifices, in all likelihood the American revolution would have collapsed due to lack of financial resources. Christianity being birthed from the Jewish religion has created a bond between spiritually savvy Christians knowing the ties that are to the Hebrew culture.
The 1st Partition of Poland taking place in 1772 was probably a catalyst for Solomon assisting in the America's fight for independence. The Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, and Austria divided up the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through territorial seizures (sound familiar?). One irrefutable truth about history, it always revisits unresolved issues or unfinished business where the problems will get progressively worse if not handled properly.
The records show that during the critical phase of the war that later established the United States, Solomon raised over $650,000 in personal loans and other money (that's nearly $9 billion in purchasing power today) to help finance George Washington's Continental Army. The critical impact of this effort cannot be measured appropriately.
During the darkest hour that tested the resolve of Washington himself, America treasury was empty as was the war chest of George Washington. There was no food, uniforms, or supplies and Washington's forces were on the verge of mutiny. Washington calculated that his army would need at least $20,000 to finance a campaign against the British at Yorktown. There were no funds or credit available.
Then Washington gave this short order, "Send for Haym Solomon". Solomon quickly responded and amassed the funds together which allowed for Washington to conduct his Yorktown campaign. Yorktown proved to be the final decisive battle of the Revolutionary War. The war was a long one to many that put their future on the line and many patriots that sacrificed their resources were never properly paid back.
The failure to pay back war debt was a factor in the French Revolution where French financing of the struggle against England weakened France economically.
Unfortunately the failure to pay back debt ultimately caught up with Solomon and his Jewish associates as Solomon died in January of 1785 in poverty in Philadelphia at the age of 44.
Solomon's grave is located at the Mikveh Israel Cemetary at the 800-block of Spruce Street in Philadelphia. Although the grave of Solomon was largely unmarked, there were two plaques at the location noting Solomon's contributions.
In 1980 a larger memorial was dedicated recognizing the contributions of Mr. Solomon. Even with memorial, Solomon has yet to receive the acclaim he deserves in providing the backing of America's fight for freedom.
There could have easily been no America without the support of Solomon.


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Definition - What does Back Ionization mean?
Back ionization is the excessive deposition of charged powder particles, preventing further powder from being deposited on the substrate. This results in improper surface coating.
This phenomenon causes coatings to have high porosity and improper bonding, leading to a coating that is not suitable for corrosion protection.
Back ionization is also known as starring or starburst effect.
Corrosionpedia explains Back Ionization
When charged powder coating is applied to a metal surface, the thickness of powder coating increases. Because of this, a cumulative charge will be produced by powder particles on the coating as coating's thickness increases. As the coating thickness increases, the strength of the electric field becomes sufficient to ionize air trapped between powder particles.
The ionization of air generates a great number of positive ions. These positive charges try to escape from the coating and attract the negative charge of the coating particles. This creates an uneven coating surface. This causes an "orange peel" texture on the powder's surface. The phenomenon is more typical when applying a second coat on a part, but can occur when applying the first coat.
How to avoid back ionization:
- Lower voltage settings
- Optimizing distance between the gun and coating surface
- Ion collector use: A grounding ring or grounding source of power


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In God We Trust
Sermon Title: "In God We Trust"
Scripture Reading: Genesis 22:1-14
Print the letters for T-R-U-S-T alongside a large poster board and let children write words for each letter that will be about our TRUST story today. (For example: T=touch or teach; R=ram or real; U=unbelieveable or understanding; S=sacrifice or Savior; etc).
TRUST WALL HANGING:
Lay a long roll of paper in the middle of the table for children to draw on. Have children write today's Bible verse along all the edges of the paper and then draw pictures of things or people that they trust! After all the drawings are completed, the teacher can take a BRIGHT colored marker and write JESUS across the roll of pictures!
The teacher can lead the children in a TRUST WALK. Along the way, the teacher will say such things as, "Everyone sit on one of these chairs... do you TRUST it to hold you up", or "Do you trust this door to open and let you through", or "Do you trust this refridgerator to keep your drinks cold" (and hand each child a cold juice box and a cookie might be nice at this time), or "stand here in one spot and do you trust your legs to hold you up", or "While we're outside and looking side to side, do you trust your eyeballs to move with the fluid around them so you can see everything?", etc! Ideas for this can be MANY and then have children sit down on the ground and talk about things that we can TRUST GOD to do every day in our lives!
Give children modeling clay or small rocks and let them build an 'altar' and place a toothpick mini-sign in the altar that can say "offer a sacrifice to God"! This could be done individually or together as a class for a larger altar to help the children to remember today's story.
Give each child a piece of paper and glue. Let children draw a large mountain on their picture and sprinkle a small amount of sand over the glue on that mountain! Write over the mountain, TRUST GOD, or HAVE FAITH THAT GOD WILL PROVIDE! For added "details" on the mountain, grass clippings or small flowers could be glued to the Mountain picture to be taken home and reminded each day that GOD PROVIDES!!
Give children beads to make a necklace. Lettered beads can be added to the other colorful beads for T-R-U-S-T G-O-D. These beads can be purchased at any store with a craft section.
Give children various colors of chalk and let children take turns at adding to the picture as they see fit. First child could draw the mountain in our story; second child could draw part of an altar, third child could finish the altar, fourth child could draw Abraham, and continue the picture while telling the story again!
Song: "Trust and Obey" by Daniel B. Towner
Words and music (pdf)
MP3 Piano Accompaniment - Right click to download to your computer.
This song is in the public domain and can be freely downloaded and reproduced for ministry purposes.
Related Sermons & Resources
Full Preschool Lesson Plan
Full Lower Elementary Lesson Plan
Full Upper Elementary Lesson Plan


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The total creditors account gives the information about the total liabilities of that account.
A creditor is a person to whom a sum of money is payable. In credit purchases purchases A/c is debited and creditor's a/c is credited and in case of purchase returns reverse entry is passed
Creditor's A/c( Dr)
To purchases returns
It appears as a liability in the balance sheet.
Creditors can be are the commodity sellers as well as money lenders.
When we create the balance sheet, these commodities and amounts are then classified as current liabilities.
The creditor's account should be checked on a regular basis to ensure that no incorrect credits have been made to any parties.
A creditor account cannot have debit balance at any given time, and all liabilities must be represented.
Total Creditors Account (TCA) is the total amount of money that has been borrowed from banks, credit card companies, etc., over a period of time. This number can be used to determine how much debt a person is currently carrying.
What is a total creditor account?
A total creditor account (TCA) is a type of accounting system that allows you to view the details of all of your outstanding debts at once. This makes it easier to manage your debt, monitor spending, and prevent late payments.
"You're probably wondering why I'm talking about TCA, right?" Well, because it can be useful to track your credit card usage, see where you spend your money, and even get rid of old debt.
Total creditors account gives the information about?
The liability of that account.
Total debtors account gives the information about?
The Assets of that account.
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To promote reversibility and strengthen number sense, we created an engaging and novel rational number exploration, which promoted flexible and reflective thinking. A class of fifth-grade students took an active role in a collaborative learning task, discussed their strategies, revisited the task, and reflected on their self-constructed generalizations.
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Conjecturing is central to the work of reasoning and proving. This task gives fourth and fifth graders a chance to make conjectures and prove (or disprove) them.
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Teachers can foster strategy sharing by attending to the cognitive demands that students experience while talking, listening, and making mistakes.
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Cans on a grocery store shelf and Hirst's Capric Acid Amide can illustrate dot arrays, thus helping students understand the distributive property, partial products, and the standard algorithm for multiplication.
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A second-grade teacher challenges the raise-your-hand-to-speak tradition and enables a classroom community of student-driven conversations that share both mathematical understandings and misunderstandings.


Play audio files
The playback modes outlined below only apply to regions in the Project Audio Browser (when the window has key focus), and have no effect on project playback.
Play an entire region
 1. Select the region in the Project Audio Browser.
 2. Control-click the Prelisten button at the bottom of the Project Audio Browser, then choose one of the following options from the shortcut menu:
 - Auto-select Channel Strip: The audio channel strip assigned to the selected track is used for playback.
 - Prelisten Channel Strip: The Environment's Prelisten channel strip is used for playback. You can access the Prelisten channel strip in the Environment's Mixer layer. It is located to the right of the highest-numbered audio channel strip.
 3. Click the Prelisten button (or press the Space bar) to start and stop playback.
Play a region from a specific position
 1. Click-hold the region's waveform display.
 Playback starts at the click point.
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|Greek cross; Latin cross; rotunda|
These terms usually refer to the shape of a church.
A Greek cross church has four arms having the same length.
A Latin cross church has the arm of the entrance longer than the other arms.
A rotunda church has a circular shape. The most famous rotunda is the Pantheon or S. Maria della Rotonda.
The image shows the plans of SS. Martina e Luca (Greek cross) and of S. Bernardo alle Terme (rotunda).
For an example
of Latin cross plan see a page on the building process of S. Pietro in Vaticano.
|Greek key pattern|
It is one of the most ancient
decorative motifs, with many symbolic meanings (the four cardinal points, the meander of life, the four seasons, etc.).
The image shows the ruins of a Byzantine building near the
Maritime Walls of Constantinople. The decoration is a complex variation
of the basic Greek key pattern.
grotto is a picturesque (often artificial) cave designed to provide shelter from the summer heat.
nymphaeum is a complex of grottoes, fountains and statues.
Both terms derive from the supposed meeting place of the Roman king Numa Pompilius with the nymph Egeria (Ninfeo
di Egeria). The villas on the sea of some Roman emperors (Nero, Tiberius, etc.) incorporated
caves embellished with statues. Later on most Renaissance and Baroque villas had a nymphaeum.
The image shows the
Neptun-grotte designed by G. W. von Knobelsdorff in Park Sanssouci in Potsdam, Germany.
At the beginning a herm (after the Greek god Hermes) was just
a signpost or a boundary marker at crossroads. It had a head or a bust placed on a shaft tapered towards its lower part. During the Renaissance
it became a frequent decoration of villas (see a herm in Villa Borghese).
The image shows a detail of the House of Peter Paul Rubens in Antwerp.
hippocamp is a mythological animal half triton half horse usually portrayed while drawing
Oceanus' or Neptune's chariots (see Fontana di Trevi).
nereid is one of the fifty Nereids, attendants of the sea-goddess Thetis. They are often portrayed reclining on the backs of hippocampi.
The image shows a detail of
Fontana delle Najadi in Rome.
keystone is the larger and heavier stone at the
center of a Roman arch which by its weight ensures the solidity of the structure. It is often marked or decorated with reliefs.
The image shows a detail of Ponte di Nona, near Rome. For more on Roman arches click here.
loggia is an open-sided part of a building. S. Giovanni in Laterano has a fine example
of loggia from which the pope blessed the crowds and similarly S. Marco has a loggia for the papal blessings of Pope Paul II who lived in nearby Palazzo Venezia. Loggias can also be found in
portico is an open section of the ground floor of a church or a palace, designed as an introduction
to the main part of the building. In early Christian churches it was called narthex and it was meant for those who could not access the church (penitents, cathecumens, etc.).
The image shows the portico and loggia of the canonry of Madonna di S. Biagio
lunette is the half moon shaped section of a building between a lintel and an arch above it.
Many Renaissance churches in Central Italy have lunettes decorated
with terracottas by a member of the Florentine Della Robbia family.
The image shows the lunette above the entrance of S. Cristina in Bolsena.
a parapet is a low wall at edge of balcony, roof or along sides of bridge. It
can be replaced by a balustrade.
The image shows the parapet designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Ponte degli Angeli in Rome.
|quadratura; sotto in su|
Both terms refer
to the decoration of Renaissance and chiefly Baroque ceilings.
quadratura is the framing of the ceiling by painting
sotto in su (from below upwards) or scorcio is an elaborated painting technique based on perspective laws applied
to a surface which is oblique to the viewer's position.
The image shows a detail of the ceiling of S. Ignazio in Rome.


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For this example, a hand-drawn sketch was scanned and imported as an image and will be traced over, to demonstrate the freehand tool functionality.
The new Freehand tool preference gives the option to specify the degree of smoothing.
The higher the smoothing, the smoother the curve will be, and fewer vertices will be created. The Freehand tool can also be set to no smoothing to revert to the legacy Freehand tool functionality.\
The pond in the upper left corner was traced using the Freehand tool with a high smoothing preference. It is important to note that the speed at which the mouse is moved is not directly correlated to the number of vertices that are created, as the legacy Freehand tool functioned.
The new edit mode of the Freehand tool allows editing on the fly, saving editing steps later with the 2D Reshape tool.
The edit mode can add or subtract area to the polylines simply by snapping to the edge of the polylines, dragging the mouse to create the new surface and snapping back to the edge of the polyline.
The editing capabilities of the Freehand tool are not limited to objects created using the Freehand tool. The edit mode can also be applied to any other 2D objects, such as squares, polygons, circles, arcs, etc.
The edit mode can also be used to subtract surface area from 2D objects. Repeat the same steps used for adding a surface above.


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Authors: BİLAL ÖZTÜRK, ALPER DOĞAN, BANU BİTLİS BAKIR, ALP SALMAN
Abstract: This study presents the molluscan species diversity along the Turkish coasts. The compilation of the available references revealed a total of 1065 species belonging to 7 classes (Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, and Cephalopoda). Most of the reported species belong to the class Gastropoda (706 species), followed by Bivalvia (279 species), Cephalopoda (50 species), Polyplacophora (17 species), Scaphopoda (10 species), Caudofoveata (2 species), and Solenogastres (1 species). Among the coasts of Turkey, the highest number of molluscan species was recorded from the Aegean Sea (825 species), followed by the Levantine Sea (807 species), Sea of Marmara (537 species), and the Black Sea (155 species). Of the 1065 mollusc taxa, 118 species are alien ones that originated outside the Mediterranean Sea. Among the listed species, Timoclea roemeriana (Bivalvia), and Sepiola ligulata and Abraliopsis morisii (both from Cephalopoda) are new records for the Turkish mollusc fauna, 11 species of the classes Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia (Leptochiton boettgeri, Cerithium protractum, Similiphora similior, Cerithiopsis diadema, Rissoa guerinii, Crepidula moulinsii, Crepidula unguiformis, Bela zenetouae, Doto coronata, Lima marioni, and Limaria loscombi) are new reports for the Levantine coast of Turkey, and 2 gastropod species (Acirsa subdecussata and Monotygma lauta) are new reports for the Aegean coast of Turkey. Among the listed taxa, 27 species have been classified in the IUCN Red List or Barcelona/Bern Conventions.
Keywords: Mollusca, species diversity, alien species, protected species, coasts of Turkey
Full Text: PDF


App Development
What's new in Xcode 9: new runtime checks
We already have two runtime checkers available to us in the form the Address Sanitizer, which allows you to track down rogue memory, and the Thread Sanitizer, which can help you eliminate threading bugs. Apple has gifted us with not one, but TWO additional runtime checkers for the Xcode 9 release.
Main Thread Checker
At some point in our careers we've all made some UI change, run our app, and waited with baited breath only to be sad and confused as to why our UI changes aren't taking effect. After spending some valuable time poking around, we realized that we were calling some UI code from a background thread and the fix was as simple as dispatching to main with a DispatchQueue.main.
Apple to the rescue, with the new Main Thread Checker that is enabled by default in Xcode 9! This will detect calls to AppKit or UIKit (basically, anything with a UI at the beginning) from a background thread and throw a warning in the console. The warning will contain information about the offending thread and a backtrace. You can also choose to pause on these warnings by enabling an option in the scheme editor.
How does it work? It prepends a check for any function that should only be called from the main thread. While that might sounds intensive, Apple promises the performance impact of having this checker enabled is minimal (1 - 2% CPU overhead). For those UIKit methods that are specifically designed to be called from a background thread, they will be exempt from the checker. For example, creating instances of UIImage.
As of the beta, there have been reports of many popular 3rd party libraries triggering these warnings. If you need to disable the checker for the sanity of your console, open the scheme editor for your project:
Xcode blog
Navigate to the Diagnostics tab, and uncheck the Main Thread Checker option.
Undefined Behavior Sanitizer
This is a new checker for C languages only (so no Swift support), and will show a nice little purpley warning on any undefined behavior. What constitutes undefined behavior you ask? Quite a lot of interesting things it turns out! It can detect errors like integer overflows, division by zero, out of bounds array access, and much more. See the docs for a complete list.
How does it work? It uses Clang to emit checks into your code during compilation. The nature of the checks can vary depending on what is being checked for, and as such the associated overhead is much higher than the Main Thread Checker (~20% estimated CPU overhead). This is probably the reason this checker is disabled by default.
You can enable it (and probably should for at least a couple run throughs of your app) in the Diagnostics tab of the scheme editor. You can also enable it by compiling and linking your app with the following flag:
 -enableUndefinedBehaviorSanitizer YES
Don't need to check for everything on the list? You can also enable checks for individual items with the compiler flags listed here.
Moving from Monolith to Microservices Architecture
When a client decides to move from a monolith platform to microservice architecture,...
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Google Maps Navigation Gains Real-Time Traffic Re-Routing
Traffic. Just the mention of the word makes some city folk cringe, and for most everyone, it turns a good day into a bad one. It's a dreadful thing, and it's something that some people have to deal with on a daily basis. But technology has been coming to the rescue lately, with many personal navigation devices adding real-time traffic alerts to keep motorists from falling into nasty log-jams that are near impossible to escape.
Google is a bit behind when it comes to that, but when the app is free, who could complain? Google Maps 5.2.1 introduces a killer new feature: real-time traffic alerts. The new version of the app has the ability to route users around traffic, and with over 35 million miles driven by Google Maps Navigation users every single day, it should end up being quite effective. The traffic data is crowdsourced; if you're using Google Maps Navigation to get around, your velocity and location can be recorded and sent to show others in general how fast a given road is.
You don't have to do anything to be routed around traffic; just start Navigation like you normally would, either from the Navigation app or from within Google Maps. Before today, Navigation would choose whichever route was fastest, without taking current traffic conditions into account. It would also generate additional alternate directions, such as the shortest route or one that uses highways instead of side roads. Starting today, our routing algorithms will also apply our knowledge of current and historical traffic to select the fastest route from those alternates. That means that Navigation will automatically guide you along the best route given the current traffic conditions.
Sounds like a total winner to us, and we hope it spreads to more navigation systems soon. Thanks again to Google for pushing competition.
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The ENCOUNTER PROCESS
The Encounter Process serves to structure meetings and the work that supports them. The other tools and methods in ICON9TM either fit into this process, in the sense that their use can be linked to specific process steps, or they support it in a more general sense.
The process is in five steps: Prepare, Engage, Do, Check and Follow-up.
I will not trouble the reader with the historical explanation of the compass-needle shape. Let's say that it's a reminder of the sense of direction that a good top-level process provides.


'Show Us Who You Are'
The Role of Social Media in Creating Personal Identity
Many people in the world use social media as a public personal diary. Individuals narrate their lives, reveal personal details, promote themselves and even talk to themselves. Anyone can be a public raconteur. Some even become viral raconteurs. In the session, we will reflect on the different types of narratives that are used in the world of social media and how people play with their own identities.