Link Search Menu Expand Document
Legal powers
See also the discussion of legal powers in our Working Paper on Text-driven Normativity.
Working definition
 1. A legal power refers to the ability of a legal subject to achieve an intended legal effect
 2. A legal power is attributed by positive law
 3. One can have a legal power to attribute legal powers
 4. All legal powers are both constituted and constrained by positive law
 5. The written or unwritten Constitution of a state attributes legal powers to legislate, administrate and adjudicate, thus calling them into existence (the constitution 'constitutes' these powers), and qualifying them (the constitution also 'regulates' these powers, e.g. by attributing them to countervailing powers)
 6. In the case of public law legal powers are constrained by the legality principle.
 7. In the case of private law legal powers are constrained by the reasonableness principle (or equity in common law jurisdictions).
 8. The attribution of legal power plays out in all domains of law:
 1. Private law, for instance, attributes to the owner of a legal good the legal power to transfer related property rights, provided specific conditions have been fulfilled
 2. Criminal law, for instance, attributes to the court the legal power to impose specified (maximum) punishments, provided the conditions of a specific criminal offence have been fulfilled
 3. Administrative law, for instance, attributes to legal subjects the legal power to object to decisions made by public administration, provided specific conditions apply
 4. International law, for instance, attributes to states the legal power to conclude treaties, subject to the constraints imposed by the sources of international law
This section's contents
This page was last updated on 13 July 2021.


Cayce, South Carolina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Cayce, South Carolina
Motto: "A new kind of city"
Location of Cayce, South Carolina
Location of Cayce, South Carolina
Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 81°4′0″W / 33.96333°N 81.06667°W / 33.96333; -81.06667Coordinates: 33°57′48″N 81°4′0″W / 33.96333°N 81.06667°W / 33.96333; -81.06667
Country United States
State South Carolina
County Lexington
 - Mayor Elise Parton
 - Total 17.4 sq mi (45.1 km2)
 - Land 16.6 sq mi (43.1 km2)
 - Water 0.8 sq mi (2.0 km2)
Elevation 240 ft (73 m)
Population (2010)
 - Total 12,528
 - Density 720/sq mi (280/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 29033
Area code(s) 803
FIPS code 45-12655[1]
GNIS feature ID _PHONE_[2]
Cayce is a city in Lexington and Richland counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina, along the Congaree River. The population was 12,528 at the 2010 census.[3] It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cayce lies mostly across the Congaree River from the state capital of Columbia, with a newly annexed section on the Richland County side awaiting development. Because both it and the neighboring city of West Columbia share road names and schools, they are sometimes referred to jointly as "Cayce-West Columbia". However, they are politically separate cities.
The Congaree River has always played a dominant role in Cayce's development. Cayce and other local governments jointly developed the Riverwalk along the Congaree, which provides walking, jogging, and nature observation opportunities. Development on both sides of the river is an important factor driving the city's economy.
The William J. Cayce house
European settlement of the area dates back to the 18th century, when the area was considered part of Granby, a town that later failed due to endemic malaria. A handful of Revolutionary War skirmishes were fought in what is now Cayce. The town was incorporated in 1914 and named for local businessman William J. Cayce.
Cayce is traversed by I-26 and I-77, and the Columbia Metropolitan Airport (IATA:CAE) is adjacent to the city limits.
 - Elise Partin, Mayor
Cayce is located at 33°57'48" North, 81°3'60" West (33.963203, -81.066596)[4].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45.1 km2), of which 16.6 square miles (43.1 km2) is land and 0.77 square miles (2.0 km2), or 4.22%, is water.[3]
As of the census[1] of 2000, there are 12,150 people in the city, organized into 5,133 households and 3,079 families. The population density is 1,114.6 people per square mile (430.4/km²). There are 5,517 housing units at an average density of 506.1 per square mile (195.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 74.55% White, 22.50% African American, 1.08% Asian, 0.26% Native American, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 5,133 households out of which 24.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.8% are married couples living together, 14.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% are non-families. 29.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.36 and the average family size is 2.89.
In the city the population is spread out with 20.7% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 86.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $35,850, and the median income for a family is $43,560. Males have a median income of $30,317 versus $24,408 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,745. 17.0% of the population and 9.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.0% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
 3. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Cayce city, South Carolina". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
External links[edit]


[an error occurred while processing this directive]
BBC News
watch One-Minute World News
Last Updated: Tuesday, 4 May, 2004, 09:34 GMT 10:34 UK
Time centres theory for jet lag
Sleeping man
The brain can be confused
Scientists believe they may have found the reason why humans suffer from jet lag.
They believe we have two timekeeping centres in our brains - one sticks to the clock, the other is influenced by cues such as sunrise and nightfall.
Researchers, writing in Current Biology, believe jet lag results when these centres don't marry up.
The University of Washington team believe it may be possible to develop a drug to tackle the problem.
Researcher Dr Horacio de la Iglesia said: "If we can discover how the two parts of the brain are synchronised we might be able to find mechanisms to treat jet lag."
A tiny area of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is thought to control sleep, hormone and temperature rhythms in the body.
It is this area, it is thought, which responds to external factors such as sunrise.
However, other characteristics stick more closely to regimented 24-hour cycles - suggesting the presence of another timekeeping centre - possibly within the same tissue - that is unaffected by external cues.
Night and day mixed
The researchers examined rats exposed to artificial days and nights lasting 11 hours, instead of the usual 12.
As the experiment went on, they found that the rats gradually began to show signs of normal daytime behaviour at night.
The researchers examined levels of two proteins in the animals' brains. One, Perl, is usually present during the day, the other, Bmall, is usually present at night.
When the rats behaved normally, their SCNs contained Perl when the lights were on - simulating daytime - and Bmall when they were off.
However, when the animals started to exhibit "daytime" behaviour at night, the researchers found evidence of the presence of both proteins in the SCN at the same time - Perl was found in the top half and Bmall in the bottom.
This suggests that the bottom of the brain's timekeeping centre can follow a 24-hour cycle as it continued to produce the "right" protein when the lights were out.
But is also suggests that the top half is more likely to respond to external cues.
The researchers believe that jet lag occurs when the two halves become desynchronised.
Dr Mary Morrell, a lecturer in sleep physiology at the National Heart and Lung Institute in London, told BBC News Online: "It is probable that there is more than one timekeeping centre in the brain, but what is not clear is how they are linked together."
Dr Morrell said many biological systems worked on the two centre principle - a primary centre, and a secondary centre for fine-tuning.
She said many current psychoactive treatments had a broad-based effect. The key to the successful development of more effective treatments would be to develop drugs that had a more specific effect on the brain.
Body clock'set before birth'
13 Jul 00 | Health
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Americas Africa Europe Middle East South Asia Asia Pacific


text:
Archive for the 'Victorian' Category
The Fleur de Lis design has been immensely popular throughout European history, but is almost always associated with the French monarchy, although it has never been officially recognized by the French government. It is still predominantly used on coats of arms throughout the region, more specifically with the King of Spain and the house of Bourbon, as well as many French-speaking Canadian provinces.
The name Fleur de Lis translates into 'lily flower' although it is actually more similar to an iris than a lily. It is said to have actually been named for the flowers of the river lis, which were irises. Since saying that is quite a mouthful, the name was shortened. While there are some documents that support this theory, few remain intact as this was before the 12th century, B.C.
The ties between the symbol and the French monarchy can be traced back to the twelfth century, when kings Louis VI and Louis VII started using the design as propaganda on scepters trying to help portray themselves as saints. Further uses of this design in France were on their nation's flag, a banner that has changed several times over the centuries to include or remove it.
In modern times, this symbol is often used as a decorative element on everything from the tops of fences, the arms of crosses and in many scouting troop uniforms, such as the Boy Scouts of America. It is also very prevalent as elegant touches on homes in the forms of door knockers, or embellishments on door handles or other pieces of cabinetry hardware. The fleur-de-lis is the main element in the logo of most Scouting organizations, representing a major theme in Scouting: the outdoors and wilderness. The World Scout Emblem of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, has elements of which are used by most national Scout organizations. The symbol was chosen by Sir Robert Baden-Powell as it had been the arm-badge of those soldiers qualified as "Scouts" (reconnaissance specialists) when he served in the British Army. The classical description of this shape in Scouting literature connects the compass rose with the purpose of Scouting's principles—namely that Scouting gives one's life direction. The stars stand for truth and knowledge, the encircling rope for unity and its reef knot service.
These door knockers come in your choice of six different finishes (antique copper is pictured to the right) so that you may best accent your front door. Included with each one is a striking block as well as a pair of mounting screws in a matching finish.
The Neoclassical architectural style came to be in the mid 18th century in Spain and Poland, and was heavily influenced by classical Greek architecture as well as by Italian architect Andrea Palladino. Many of the details of the style can be compared to the Rococo style as well as the Late Baroque. One of the biggest differences between the Neoclassical style and the classic Greek style is the Neoclassical focuses more on the walls, where the Greek prided themselves on their proficiency in chiaroscuro. Some historians go even further to suggest that this style came about so that architects could embrace the sensitivity of ancient Rome combined with ancient Greek.
This architectural style was a worldwide phenomenon that occurred at more or less the same time throughout the globe, rather than eventually spreading to the United States and Europe. Many people don't see the distinction between the High Neoclassical style and the Late Baroque, as they tend to have the same terms associated with them but the High Neoclassical style tends to have more planar qualities than sculptured ones. All aspects of the former are flatter depth-wise, especially the bas-reliefs. Where these may be built directly into the wall in a Late Baroque sculpture, they were more often framed in panels, tablets, or friezes in a High Neoclassical one.
Buildings portraying this style can be found all over the globe but some are more popular than others. The Old Museum in Berlin, one of Karl Friedrich Schinkel's projects, Sir John Soane's Bank of England in London are popular European examples. There are two extremely famous ones in the United States as well; the White House and the Capitol, both in Washington, D.C.
The Second Empire architectural style was named after the French-inspired elements that appeared during the Second French Empire. The style was at the height of its popularity between 1865 and 1880, and while it was most popular in the United States, a variation can be seen in parts of France where it is called the Napoleon III Style. The Second Empire style has many elements specific to this time period, but, just like with any other style, some of the elements were influenced by other architectural time periods, like the Gothic Revival and Italianate styles.
In the United States, the style tends to be portrayed through rectangular towers with a steep mansard roof, which is the most typical of the French style from which it was derived. Most often, these roof crests have an iron trim, and sometimes they also have decorative lightening rods attached. The façade of the home is generally composed of wood, brick, or stone, and may also have paired columns. Most of the floor plans for Second Empire houses fit one of two styles: symmetrical with the tower in the middle or asymmetrical with the tower off to one side. Just like many things French, the more elaborately decorated and expensive-looking the better!
While there are a multitude of homes that were constructed in this style during the height of popularity, and most are still standing, the majority of the more well-known buildings are commercial properties, or government ones. In fact, so many government buildings were constructed during President Grant's time in office that they were actually said to be created in the "General Grant Style", rather than the Second Empire. The reason that so many large buildings were constructed in the Second Empire style is due to the versatility of their size.
The Italianate style holds a specific place within the 19th century Classical style. Just like many other architectural styles, this one developed within a much larger style, yet has such distinct features and decorative elements it is in a class all its own. The basis of this style is 16th century Italian Renaissance, but many buildings and monuments built under this style also exhibit Palladianism and NeoClassicism. Because of this, the Italianate style is also sometimes called the Neo-Renaissance style.
This style started at the very beginning of the 19th century in Great Britain by the British architect John Nash. His first project in this style was a small country house in a small village in the West Midlands portion of the country. This was possible by adopting certain aspects of both the Regency and Victorian styles. Nash passed the torch to another British architect in the 1830's, Sir Charles Berry. Some of Berry's creations had such a uniqueness of their own that they have been dubbed "Berryesque". Many of these buildings incorporated less of the Palladian style an more of an Italian Renaissance feel despite the overall rustic look of most of Nash's buildings.
Like many other architectural styles that originated in the United Kingdom, the Italianate style quickly spread throughout Europe and parts of the globe. Around the same time that Nash was making a name for himself the Italianate style was making a name in the United States. From 1840 to the 1890's is when it was at the height of popularity, and was promoted primarily by architect Alexander Jackson Davis.
The United States used the style mostly to build houses, and unfortunately few of them still stand today. The oldest example of this style is the home of a former governor of North Carolina John Motley Morehead. This home is located in Greensboro, North Carolina. The popularity of Italianate architecture in the time period following 1845 can be seen in Cincinnati, Ohio, the United States' first boomtown west of the Appalachian Mountains. This city, which grew along with the traffic on the Ohio River, features arguably the largest single collection of Italianate buildings in the United States in its Over-the-Rhine neighbourhood, built primarily by German-American immigrants that lived in the densely populated area.
The Queen Anne style came over to the United States and began getting popular around 1880, not long after its popularity was booming in England. Just like with some other things, the term Queen Anne style is loosely used. Many of the same architectural elements seen in England are not the same seen here in the United States.
In fact, the US version of the Queen Anne style is much more similar to the Craftsman style than its British counterpart. While some of the features of these two design styles are similar, there are more differences. The biggest similarities are the asymmetrical facades paired with overhanging eves, towers, and Dutch Gables. Large wraparound porches often accentuate all of the above in classic Queen Anne Style.
Some of the most decorative elements that are significant in this architectural style are not found on the outside of the home, but rather in the decorations and hardware that adorn the interior. Door hinges, door knobs, cabinet hardware and much more are pieces that characterize the Queen Anne style perfectly, and may be similar or even identical to pieces found over in Great Britain.
The Craftsman/Queen Anne style can be found throughout the country, but perhaps the most famous example of this are the painted houses that line the streets of San Francisco. They are the epitome of this style.
If you want your home to portray the Queen Anne or Craftsman Victorian architectural styles, the best way to achieve this is from the inside out. If your home already has some of the exterior elements, that is an added bonus. Adding little touches throughout the interior are a great and affordable way to change the style of your home.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Center of gravity analysis of machines.
by Donald E. SimanekOne of the reasons that analysis of unworkable devices is fascinating and educational is that there are usually several valid approaches, all leading to the same conclusionsthe devices don't work. Some methods that we have used on these pages include:
Take, for example, the most ancient of perpetual motion wheels, the Baskara Wheel. It consisted of a wheel with evenly spaced vials partially filled with sand, mercury or water. Supposedly the weight of the material in the vials was always biased toward one side of the wheel, causing that side to fall, and since the "overbalance" was present in every wheel position, the wheel should turn continually. But, to the frustration of believers ever since, the wheel just sits there unmoving.
We often hear folks say that the possibility of perpetual motion was believed because science hadn't advanced sufficiently to deny it. I don't buy that. Let's examine this idea using only principles well known from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers to the time of Newton. Specifically these two principles:
Consider this container partly filled with water. To simplify the following analysis, assume that the container is rectangular in shape, like a glass acquarium. Why does the water assume a level surface and not some other surface? Water is easily moved around, and if you stirred it vigorously it would no longer have that flat surface, but when you stop stirring it would soon settle down to a flat surface. What's the reason?
The ancients were good at geometry, and understood the importance of the concept we call "center of gravity". For a uniform density material, the center of gravity is its geometric center. The center of gravity of the water is shown here as "×".
Why couldn't the water surface remain tilted as shown here? The volume is the same as before, only part of the volume has moved up. The center of gravity of the water is no longer at ×, but has moved up to a higher position. The ancient mathematicians knew how to find the position of the new center of gravity. It is a simple exercise to find the center of gravity of a triangle. You just draw two lines from triangle vertices to the opposite sides of the triangle. They cross at the center of gravity.
This is shown here. The previous water level is shown as a horizontal dashed line. Clearly the center of gravity has moved up from its previous position (C) and is now at (C'). This is an unstable situation, since every bit of the water is free to move so that the water will flow so its center of gravity will assume its former position at C. This is as low as it can go, for water is highly incompressible. If you push the water surface down somewhere it rises up somewhere else. The water cannot, by itself, climb up the sides of the container and spill out, because to do that it would have to raise its center of gravity again.
The classic perpetual motion devices were usually in the form of a wheel. Consider a wheel with a heavy ball attached to its rim (black in the diagram). If the wheel were free to turn on its axle, we know that it would rotate clockwise due to the unbalanced weight.
In fact, it would rotate clockwise until the weight was raised up on the left nearly as high as it was on the right, then back counterclockwise, continuing this pendulum-like motion, but would eventually end up at rest at its lowest possible point, shown here. Medieval natural philosophers spoke of a body's "impetus" as a mysterious property that sustains motion, but is somehow "used up" until the body comes to rest. We mention this only to show that natural philosophers knew that this is the way nature operates, and that wheels eventually come to a stop, no matter how well balanced they are and no matter how smooth their bearings. Today we attribute this slowing of motion to friction.
This is a good point to mention Galileo's interrupted pendulum experiment. A weight (black ball) is suspended from a support by a string. It is pulled to point A and released. The string hits a peg and the weight swings in an arc of smaller radius on the right, only to point B, nearly the same height (the dashed line H) as point A. Even if the bob is released from a height greater than the height of the peg, it will only rise on the right to the same height it had initially. We assume the release is gentle, without giving the weight any push. This standard demonstration of introductory physics courses is very instructive if accompanied by a discussion of kinetic energy and potential energy, free body diagrams, force, torque, momentum and impulse, and it can even be used to illustrate Lagrangian methods of dynamics. But we needn't do that here. Here we mention it only to show how nature behaves.
Finally we return to the Bashkara wheel. To simplify analysis let's consider just two of the tilted vials, on opposite sides of the wheel. Suppose there's one heavy ball in each vial. In this position of the wheel, they will be at their lowest possible position, as shown, and their center of gravity is halfway between them. Aha, says the believer in perpetual motion. If the wheel rotates a bit counter clockwise, the center of gravity will move to a point just beneath the axle, which is lower. But then the wheel will just oscillate back and forth till its "impetus" is gone (using the language of the medieval philosophers).
Now lets add two vials, making four. One thing is obvious immediately. Because the balls are free to move within their vials to the lowest point, then the center of gravity of all the balls taken together is lower than the center axis of the wheel. The position shown is not necessarily the position of lowest center of gravity, so the wheel will rotate and then oscillate until it finds that lowest c.g. This will be true no matter how many vials are placed on the wheel.
Adding balls within the vials doesn't improve anything. In fact, if the vials were filled with balls, they could not move within the vials, and the center of gravity of the whole system would be exactly at the center axle of the wheel. A simple flywheel would work as well, and if given a push might turn foreverif only you could somehow make it frictionless.
And replacing the balls with sand or liquid doesn't help either.
But our perpetual motion seeker objects. He observes that at some point in the wheel's rotation two of the opposing vials will be horizontal, and at that point the vial's contents shift from one end of the vial to the other. Maybe that's where the wheel might get some impetus to continue its motion. But, it can't help, for even during this shift the center of gravity of the contents of these two vials still remains at the same level, and combined with the center of gravity of all the other balls, the center of gravity of all taken together is still below the wheel axle.
Finally we can attack the little puzzle we proposed back in 2004. It is a wheel with three chambers partly filled with liquid. It has three-fold symmetry, but the liquid inside moves (seeking its own level) as the wheel is turned. Anyone who tackles this by detailed analysis of geometry and free body analysis is in for a messy problem.
But is that necessary? Is it like using a sledgehammer to crack a walnut?
Lets suppose the wheel, empty of water, is perfectly balanced. Now completely fill the three chambers with liquid. It is still balanced. The center of gravity of liquid in each chamber is fixed in position relative to the wheel, for the liquid inside cannot change its shape. Now consider the chambers only half-filled with liquid. The liquid inside a chamber has a center of gravity that is always lower than that of the fully filled chamber, no matter what the wheel's position. So the center of gravity of all the liquid (all three chambers) is lower than when they were full, and is lower than the wheel's axle.
So the center of gravity of the entire wheel will always be lower than the center of rotation of the wheel, in any position of the wheel. This can be seen by considering how you could make the center of gravity at the center axis of the wheel. Only by filling the chambers completely. Any smaller amount of liquid will cause the center of gravity of the liquid to be lower than the center of the wheel.
After all these years since 2004 no one has proposed a simple solution to this puzzle, though some have noted that "It should be obvious." Yes, most physicists and engineers will take one look at it and say "It won't work." Yet few care enough to explain how they know that it won't. In February 2011 one finally did:
That's an easy one...I am guilty of misleading readers by suggesting that this might be a difficult puzzle. Well, it might be, if you make it so.
Gravity wheels are wheels with a fixed axis, intended to rotate continually about that axis. They usually have mechanisms, gimmicks and moving parts attached to the wheel and only to the wheel. The fixed axis is the device's only anchor to the outside world.
We can state a useful principle that can be applied for quick analysis of other gravity wheel proposals, without the complications of force and torque anaysis.
If a gravity wheel's center of gravity is always lower than its rotation axis for any position of the wheel, it cannot initiate or sustain unidirectional motion by itself.This does not say that a gravity wheel with its center of gravity above the rotation axis will move continually by itself.
This simple rule applies only to this limited class of devices, not


text:
A strangely-patterned sparrow-sized (6-8 inches) bird, the male Bobolink in summer plumage is most easily identified by its black head and breast, buff-brown nape, light-gray rump patch, and large white wing bars. In its winter plumage, the male Bobolink loses much of striking coloration, becoming mottled brown above and tan below with a brown-striped head. Female Bobolinks resemble winter males. The Bobolink breeds across a large part of southern Canada and the northern United States. This species is a long-distance migrant, wintering in southern South America. Migrating Bobolinks pass southward along the coast of the southeastern U.S. before continuing south to South America via Jamaica. In summer, Bobolinks breed in grasslands, prairie, and, more recently, agricultural fields. During the winter, this species utilizes habitats similar to those inhabited during the summer in the pampas region of South America. Bobolinks primarily eat seeds, grains, and insects. Most North American birdwatchers never visit the Bobolink's winter range in South America. However, this species is relatively easy to observe during the summer months as it forages for food on the ground below tall grasses or on the grass stalks themselves. Bobolinks are most active during the day.
Transient in May and mid-August to late September; more common in autumn than in spring. In migration inhabits fields and marshes. The male is black and buff with a white rump; the female is tawny buff, streaked with brown above.
This record may be for the juvenile on the top right.
Collected By: John R Massie
Locality: Laurel, MD
Catalog ID: 176255
The bird on the left is a male, and the bird at the bottom right is a female.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Volume 40, Number 3, May-June 2006
|Page(s)||431 - 468|
|Published online||22 July 2006|
Numerical analysis of Eulerian multi-fluid models in the context of kinetic formulations for dilute evaporating sprays
EM2C, CNRS, École Centrale de Paris, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
Revised: 4 October 2005
The purpose of this article is the analysis and the development of Eulerian multi-fluid models to describe the evolution of the mass density of evaporating liquid sprays. First, the classical multi-fluid model developed in [Laurent and Massot, Combust. Theor. Model. 5 (2001) 537–572] is analyzed in the framework of an unsteady configuration without dynamical nor heating effects, where the evaporation process is isolated, since it is a key issue. The classical multi-fluid method consists then in a discretization of the droplet size variable into cells called sections. This analysis provides a justification of the "right" choice for this discretization to obtain a first order accurate and monotone scheme, with no restrictive CFL condition. This result leads to the development of a class of methods of arbitrary high order accuracy through the use of moments on the droplet surface in each section and a Godunov type method. Moreover, an extension of the two moments method is proposed which preserves the positivity and limits the total variation. Numerical results of the multi-fluid methods are compared to examine their capability to accurately describe the mass density in the spray with a small number of variables. This is shown to be a key point for the use of such methods in realistic flow configurations.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 35L05 / 65L20 / 76T10
Key words: Spray / evaporation / multi-fluid method / kinetic schemes.
© EDP Sciences, SMAI, 2006
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.


text:
Now who would be the long ago ancient people who were part of the process of creating the baybayin writing system? They were probably those who were already recognized for their previous contributions to the community. And it is also probable, that they were those who were recognized as sages who lived their wisdom every day, and who had innate knowledge and understanding of many things(kaalaman galing sa loob). Remember now, that wisdom and practical intelligence of these times were not of a patriarchal, westernized bent or of a scientific approach. The wise people of an ancient society were those who were in touch with not only every day practical matters but also with nature, peoples' psyches and the spiritual world.
It is possible that it is these types of people who brought about the baybayin symbols by choosing symbols for the concepts, objects and feelings that they evoked. Then again, it could have been anyone, including a very clever child, who helped bring about the baybayin. We will never know.
Whatever the case may be, the original symbols that the baybayin started out as probably did evolve in shape and rendering due to the individual who wrote it or the geographical area that it was learned in and being written in. Over time and through the years of colonization and westernization, it's easy for the baybayin symbols' original significance and any of their deeper meanings to be lost to the now westernized Filipino mind.
Like the process of interpreting dream symbolism through Jungian techniques and like the process of interpreting found images or symbolism in paintings or various art forms, we can, in fact, begin to do what others have already begun to do in these modern times, that is, interpret and reconnect with the baybayin symbols and discover their deeper meanings.
I invite you to post here at Baybayin Alive, about what and where you might think the various baybayin symbols came from, what their original meanings might have been, and how much of that meaning was retained to this day.


text:
The Fovea as an Emergent Property of Visual Attention
Neural attention has been applied successfully to a variety of different applications including natural language processing, vision, and memory. An attractive aspect of these neural models is their ability to extract relevant features from data with minimal feature engineering. We further extend this ability to learning interpretable structural features of the attention window itself. We describe a learnable retinal sampling lattice similar to the retinal ganglion cells present in the primate retina. We explore the emergent properties of this lattice after training and find connections to features found in the physiology. Furthermore, we find conditions where these emergent properties are amplified or eliminated providing clues to their function.
Brian Cheung is a PhD Student at UC Berkeley working with Professor Bruno Olshausen at the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience. His research interests lie at the intersection between machine learning and neuroscience. Drawing inspiration from these fields, he hopes to create systems which can solve complex vision tasks using attention and memory.


text:
Function Generator is a small app that simulates a device used in electronic lab to generate sine or square wave.
It offers numerous usage possibilities like testing the audio of your phone, annoying your friends, parents or teachers,
trying to play "Mary had a little lamb", scaring sharks off or drawing their attention (we haven't yet established which works better) ;).
* frequency range 100 Hz - 10 kHz
* generates sine or banlimited square wave
* gain/volume setting
Keywords: laboratory | equipment | sound | generator | sine | square | wave | scaring sharks | scaring dogs | scaring other animals | annoying | fun
Tags: signal generator, sound card generate sine wave, generate audio square wave code, funcgen, how to generate squarewave, generating a square wave, laboratory audio cards, funcgen signal generator, versuche mit signalgenerator


text:
In this quick tutorial you'll learn how to draw Poliwag in 6 easy steps - great for kids and novice artists.
The images above represents how your finished drawing is going to look and the steps involved.
Below are the individual steps - you can click on each one for a High Resolution printable PDF version.
At the bottom you can read some interesting facts about the Poliwag.
Make sure you also check out any of the hundreds of drawing tutorials grouped by category.
How to Draw Poliwag - Step-by-Step Tutorial
Interesting Facts about the Poliwag
Poliwag is a two-feet-tall water-type Pokemon, with a round body that is marked with a swirling pattern in its middle. Their eyes are wide and dark, and their lips are pink and often seem to be pouting. The most interesting feature of this Pokemon, however, could be its large fin-like tail. They look a lot like tadpoles. The spiral in the center of its body is thought to be effected by their proximity to the equator, which can cause it to face different directions. Because they are not very good on land and have no arms with which to feed themselves outside of water, they tend to stay in ponds and lakes, where they can dine on their favorite weed, salveyo weed. They are much better swimmers than runners.
Did you know?
- The spiral on a Poliwag's belly is actually its internal organs, being seen through the skin.
- Poliwag Pokemon cannot run with their newly-developed legs.
- Even though their skin is very thin, it is quite flexible and can withstand even the sharpest of fangs.
- Their tails are mostly transparent.
- It's recommended for Pokemon trainers to try and work with their Poliwag to better teach them how to walk.
Arts and Crafts Activity Notes: Using flour and water, create a paper-mache glue. Stir in water to flour until the glue makes a paste-like consistency. Inflate a balloon, tie it off and then begin applying the paper mache to the entire surface of the balloon using shredded pieces of paper. After applying three to four layers, set the balloon aside to dry. During this time, draw and color in the tail for your Poliwag on a sheet of paper. Cut it out carefully with safety scissors. Once the paper-mache on the balloon has dried, paint the surface of it with a non-toxic light blue paint, leaving a large circle in the middle uncovered. Add white to that spot later, and let dry. Once this first layer of paint has dried, add the black spiral to the Poliwag's midsection. Paint on eyes and a mouth as well. Carefully as to avoid getting paint on your hands or tearing the paper mache, use either glue or tape to fix the tail to your covered balloon. And now you have your very own Poliwag!


text:
In his book, The Gospel and Personal Evangelism, Mark Dever gives 12 practical steps that Christians should take towards becoming evangelists (paraphrased):
- Pray. Ask God for opportunities and the power to take advantage of them.
- Plan to evangelize.
- Accept that evangelism is our job as Christians.
- Understand that God requires faithfulness even if we don't feel gifted.
- Be faithful even when you have a cultural excuse not to evangelize.
- Take risks even if it may jeopardize a relationship.
- Prepare to evangelize, whether it be practicing on friends or thinking about answering potential objections to the gospel.
- Look for opportunities, expecting God to answer #1.
- Love others. This love will overcome our fear and help us to value their soul more than our pride.
- Fear God. "When we don't share the gospel, we are essentially refusing to live in the fear of the Lord."
- Stop blaming God for being sovereign. "We should not conclude from his omnipotence that our obedience is therefore pointless."
- Consider Jesus (Hebrews 12:3).


text:
Clipping wings is necessary for all of the more social birds that are out of the cage. Birds such as canaries and other finches that stay in the cage don't need their wings clipped. Birds have been known to fly into windows, into pots of boiling water or other food, into ceiling fans, etc. We need to take the responsibility to protect them and this responsibility includes clipping wings.
Watch your veterinarian or bird groomer trim the wings the first time. A proper trim allows the bird to exercise its muscles and to coast to a landing if needed. It should prevent the bird from attaining additional altitude.
One person should restrain the bird wrapped in a towel. The wing should be extended. Using sharp scissors, remove the ends of the outer 6-7 feathers (these are the flight feathers). More of the feather can always be trimmed if needed. If a blood or pin feather is cut, it will bleed. This bleeding usually stops in a short amount of time. If the bird continues to pick at it and it continues to bleed, the feather can be plucked out.
Check the feathers on a monthly basis and trim as necessary. If the outer 2-3 feathers are left unclipped for looks, monitor closely as the bird may be able to fly.
If the bird does manage to escape to the outside world and fly off, immediately put his cage out in the yard with the door open and a big bowl of his favorite food in and on it. Hopefully, within a day or two, your feathered friend will decide the cage isn't so bad after all. Let people know you lost your bird. Put up fliers, call veterinary clinics and humane societies, and put an ad in the paper. Don't give up hope. Some birds are found and caught weeks after the escape. Keep up-to-date photos of the bird. Take pictures from both sides, front, and back. Write down the ID information whether it is from a leg band or a microchip. Having this information will help prove ownership if the need arises.


Question: Who Thinks Faster Males Or Females?
How can I sharpen my reflexes?
Seven ways to improve your reflexesPick a sport, any sport – and practise.
What exactly do you want to improve your reflexes for.
Chill out.
Your reaction time is always going to be slower if you're too tense.
Eat a lot of spinach and eggs.
Play more videogames (no, really) …
Use your loose change.
Playing ball.
Make sure you get enough sleep..
Do males have better reaction time than females?
It is documented in the literature that the muscle contraction time is the same for males and females[18] and motor responses in males are comparatively stronger than females,[19] this explains why males have faster simple RTs for both auditory as well as visual stimuli.
Who is more powerful male or female?
In the natural world, it's actually the norm that females are larger than males. … For one, men remain, on average, larger and stronger than women, 26lbs (10kg) of skeletal muscle, 40% more upper-body strength and 33% more lower body strength.
Do girls have it harder than boys?
Overall, girls have things harder for them due to variety of factors." "I think people have their own daily struggles, but women actually go through a lot more than guys. They sometimes get bashed for the dumbest things, like what they wear.
Why do girls have better handwriting?
Nearly stencil-like, women's handwriting is usually neat, proper, and orderly regardless of the woman in control of the pencil. They seem to form letters more clearly and simply have superior overall quality. … They tend to have a much stronger grasp on spelling and grammar, thus the reason why they excel in handwriting.
Why do girls do better in school?
Girls read more, are more attentive in class, take better notes, spend more time on homework, and show greater persistence on boring or frustrating tasks. They are also less likely to behave poorly in school. All of these characteristics are required to do well in school.
Who has the fastest reaction time?
Ingenious experiment reveals that fruit flies have the fastest reaction times of all. Reaction time is the period between a sensory stimulus and the subsequent behavioural response. In humans, the fastest reaction time is about 100 milliseconds or 0.
What is the average reaction time for a 13 year old?
Instead, the overall average for the 4-13 age group was 0.013 seconds less than the overall average for the 14-24 age group. The 14-24 age group, at an average of 0.191 seconds was, however, was second fastest out of all the age groups.
Does the brain process sound faster than light?
Many researchers have confirmed that reaction to sound is faster than reaction to light. Perhaps this is because an auditory stimulus only takes 8-10 ms to reach the brain, but a visual stimulus takes 20-40 ms. … In other study it has been observed that auditory reaction time is less than visual reaction time.
Do females learn faster than males?
The National: The learning brain "Women's brains are definitely different from men's brains," said Apostolos. "What we have found is that women, in many different tasks, process information about five times faster than men, and use much less of their brain to do identical cognitive performance."
What age do women's brains develop?
The brain's metabolism slows as people grow older, and this, too, may differ between men and women. A new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis finds that women's brains appear to be about three years younger than men's of the same chronological age, metabolically speaking.
What is a good reaction time?
The average (median) reaction time is 215 milliseconds, according to the data collected so far. … While an average human reaction time may fall between 200-250ms, your computer could be adding 10-50ms on top. Some modern TVs add as much as 150ms!
Which gender does better in school?
Girls get better grades than boys do at all ages, including in math and science, researchers reported Tuesday. A big analysis of grades covering 1.6 million elementary, high school and university students shows that girls outperform boys at all ages.
Who reacts faster males or females?
The mean fastest reaction time recorded by men was significantly faster than women (p<0.001). At the 99.9% confidence level, neither men nor women can react in 100 ms, but they can react in as little as 109 ms and 121 ms, respectively.
How fast can humans react?
On average, reaction time takes between 150 and 300 milliseconds. If that sounds like a long time, think about how much has to happen for you to react.


38:282 Cultural Geography [Baker]
Prerequisite: 38:179 or 38:180 or 38:192 or permission of Instructor.
The learned and shared concepts and behaviours that constitute culture influence virtually everything people think and do. Cultural geography is the study of spatial variations among culture groups and the interactions of those same groups with the physical environment. It is often organized around five themes. These are culture region, cultural diffusion, cultural ecology, cultural integration and cultural landscape. This course examines each of these themes as they relate to one or more dimensions of culture such as ethnicity, language, religion and settlement.
3 lecture hours per week, one term.
Instructor: Alison Baker


text:
Webelos Scouts that earn the Weather Belt Loop while a
also satisfy requirement 13 for the Scientist Activity Badge.
Tiger Cubs, Cub Scouts, and Webelos Scouts may complete requirements in a family, den, pack, school, or community environment. Tiger Cubs must work with their parents or adult partners. Parents and partners do not earn loops or pins.
Complete these three requirements:
- Make a poster that shows and explains the water cycle.
- Set up a simple weather station to record rainfall, temperature, air pressure, or evaporation for one week.
- Watch the weather forecast on a local television station.
Earn the Weather belt loop, and complete five of the following requirements:
- Define the following terms: weather, humidity, precipitation, temperature, and wind.
- Explain how clouds are made. Describe the different kinds of clouds - stratus, cumulus, cumulonimbus, and cirrus - and what kind of weather can be associated with these cloud types.
- Describe the climate in your state. Compare its climate with that in another state.
- Describe a potentially dangerous weather condition in your community. Discuss safety precautions and procedures for dealing with this condition.
- Define what is meant by acid rain. Explain the greenhouse effect.
- Talk to a meteorologist about his or her job. Learn about careers in meteorology.
- Make a weather map of your state or country, using several weather symbols.
- Explain the differences between tornadoes and hurricanes.
- Make a simple weather vane. Make a list of other weather instruments and describe what they do.
- Explain how weather can affect agriculture and the growing of food.
- Make a report to your den or family on a book about weather.
- Explain how rainbows are formed and then draw and color a rainbow.
|Worksheets for use in working on these requirements:||DOC File||PDF File|


text:
2 entries found for shout.
To select an entry, click on it.
Main Entry: 1shout
Function: verb 1: to utter a sudden loud cry 2: to utter in a loud voice - shout·ernoun synonymsSHOUT, SHRIEK, SCREECH mean to utter a loud cry. SHOUT suggests any kind of loud cry that is meant to be heard either far away or above other noise . SHRIEK suggests a high-pitched, shrill cry that is a sign of strong feeling . SCREECH suggests a drawn-out shriek that is usually without words and is very harsh and unpleasant .


Are people born before 1957 still considered immune to measles?
Yes, people born before 1957 are considered immune to measles, and providing documentation of a date of birth earlier than 1957 is sufficient proof of immunity for employees who are not medical providers. However, any medical provider - including school nurses - must have two MMR vaccines, regardless of birth date. A date of birth before 1957 will not be enough to avoid exclusion for medical providers if there is a measles exposure at their location.
Show All Answers
1. Are people born before 1957 still considered immune to measles?
2. Is one dose of MMR enough for students and staff to continue going to/working at school during the exclusion period after a measles exposure?
3. If someone has received only one MMR vaccine, but they have serology/bloodwork showing immunity, do they still need the second dose?
4. Would a recent immunization throw off a titer (bloodwork to show immunity)?
5. If I work at a site where there was a measles exposure, why can't I just go and get both doses of the MMR and return to work?
6. If a school staff member who is not fully immunized visited or substituted at a school during a measles exposure, are they excluded from all school buildings for the exclusion period?
7. I was fully vaccinated between 1963 and 1968, but my blood test does not show immunity to measles. Do I need two doses?


Peder Engstrom
Portrait: Peder Engstrom
Peder Engstrom
Junior Scientist
Global Landscapes Initiative
Peder Engstrom is a scientist with the Global Landscapes Initiative. Peder has a background in geographic information science (GIS) and a passion for agriculture and food systems. He focuses on stakeholder engagement, data visualization, and map and data production. Peder also maintains the group's geo-data sharing platform, Research interests include crop species distribution patterns, better understanding gaps in agricultural data, smallholder agriculture, and equitable farm systems.
In his spare time, Peder enjoys urban gardening and landscaping, biking around Minneapolis, and exploring the natural areas of outstate Minnesota.


A two-phase, liquid-vapor mixture of H2O, initially at
x = 30% and a pressure of 100 kPa, is contained in a
piston-cylinder assembly as shown in the figure. The
mass of the piston is 10 kg, and its diameter is 15 cm.
The pressure of the surroundings is 100 kPa. As the
water is heated, the pressure inside the cylinder
remains constant until the piston hits the stop. Heat
transfer to the water continues at constant volume until the pressure is 200 kPa. Friction between the
piston and the cylinder wall and kinetic and potential
energy effects are negligible. For the overall process
of the water, determine the work and heat transfer,
in kJ.
Want an answer?
No answer yet. Submit this
question to the community.


text:
The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: April 28, 2010
US Army and NSA are soliciting proposals for development of quantum computing technology
(Nanowerk News) The U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) together with the National Security Agency (NSA) is soliciting proposals for basic and applied research to advance quantum computing technology. Research areas of particular interest include:
Area of Interest 1: Robust Solid-State Qubits and Related Technologies
Qubits are the foundation of both memory and processing in quantum information systems. In this area of interest, we seek proposals that address the development of single-and few-qubit solid-state devices. Also considered will be proposals for major advances in related supporting technologies. Proposed research may be experimental, theoretical, or both, and should address at least one, and preferably several, of the following goals:
Extending the state-of-the-art in solid-state qubits in relation to key metrics of qubit performance including, for example, reproducibility, quantum coherence time, gate operation speed and fidelity, operating temperature, noise level, and/or materials/fabrication complexity.
Novel ideas for robust solid-state qubit design or fabrication. Examples could include, but are not limited to: topology or symmetry protected qubits, new material systems, new ways of organizing or addressing qubits, and/or new paradigms of quantum computation with imperfect components. (Anyonic or topological insulator proposals are not of interest.)
Theoretical analysis of solid-state qubit materials, devices, or systems to better quantify, predict, or improve relevant metrics for quantum computing performance.
Development of specific and revolutionary supporting technologies for solid-state qubits. Potential examples are materials science, readout devices or systems, amplifiers, or relevant electronics.
Proposals submitted to this Area of Interest should include a clear statement of the goals addressed, as well as the quantitative benefits of the proposed research compared to the state-of-the-art.
Area of Interest 2: Quantum Information Transfer
For quantum information processing systems, it is often preferable to have a means of sending quantum information beyond nearest-neighbor without large overhead costs (for example, without doing a large number of swap gates). This area of interest seeks innovative approaches to transfer quantum information in solid-state systems, including on-chip transfer, off-chip transfer, or both. Selected proposals will greatly advance the current state-of-the-art in relevant performance metrics for a specific solid-state qubit implementation. The following performance metrics should be addressed: overhead (in time, number of operations, or complexity), speed of transfer, fidelity, and footprint.
Proposals submitted to this Area of Interest may be theoretical, experimental, or both.
Area of Interest 3: Verification/Validation and Analysis of Quantum Computing Components
A challenge for quantum information processing systems, especially as they increase in size, is the efficient and accurate verification/validation of their performance for the task at hand. In this third area of interest innovative proposals are sought to address the verification/validation of quantum information processor components. Possible topics could include, but are not limited to: advances/alternatives to quantum tomography; methods for extracting fidelity of gate or computation success; and methods or procedures for verifying complex quantum computations that cannot be classically simulated. Proposals may be theoretical, experimental, or both. Experimental implementations of innovative ideas for verification/validation are encouraged.
While all innovative proposals relevant to the advancement of quantum computing technology will be considered, there is little interest in quantum algorithms, foundations of quantum mechanics, or new types of qubits that are not convincingly competitive with existing qubit designs. White papers and proposals submitted for topics in these areas are discouraged since they have little chance of being funded.
Proposed efforts may consist of teams or single performers.


Neha Patil (Editor)
Updated on
Share on FacebookTweet on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on Reddit
Dissolution 19th century
Cadet branches House of Drago-Bučić
Country Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire and Republic of Ragusa
Founded before 1308 (Serbian nobility) January 1336 (Ragusan nobility)
The Buća (in Italian Bucchia) was a noble family that served the Republic of Ragusa, and one of the most important families to come out of Kotor. A cadet branch was admitted to the nobility of the Republic of Ragusa, another branch moved instead to Šibenik.
The family is known in Serbo-Croatian sources as Buća (Cyrillic: Бућа), but also as Bućić or Bučić. In Latin, Italian and French sources they are known in a variet of forms, mostly Bucchia or de Bucchia, but also Buchia, Buche, Buchi, Buchie, de Bucha, de Buchia, de Bucho, de Buça, Boce o Buca. Other scarcely found versions in Serbo-Croatian include Buča and Bućin.
Origin and early history
The family name seems to derive from the medieval name Buchius or Bucchius reported both in Dalmatia and earlier in various Italian locations. The first Bučić to be in the archives is a Jakov Bučić present in Kotor in 1186.
Service in Serbia
The first known Buća was Tripe Mihov (Trifun Buća, Трифун Бућа). Kotoran families held high offices in the Serbian court, and the most notable was the Buča family, while the most notable individual was Nikola Buća. Nikola and Toma Pavlov, another notable Kotoran, traded in salt.
The Buća were among the wealthiest and most powerful of Kotor (Kingdom of Serbia and Serbian Empire). Founded later with the House of Drago, it gave rise to one of the most important families in the region: the House of Drago-Bučić.
Service in the Republic of Ragusa
A branch of the family moved to Sibenik in 1449, while another branch had earlier moved to Dubrovnik in the 14th century. The latter, between 1440 and 1640 counted 30 members of the Great Council, representing 1.36% of total. In these two hundred years, they also got 27 senatorial positions (1.36%), five Rectors of the Republic (0.21%), five members of the Minor Council (0.23%), but were never Guards Justice.
Kotoran branch became extinct in the 17th century, the Dubrovnik in the 19th century, but it seems that the branch from Šibenik still survives in Italy.
 - Nikola Buća (14th century), protovestiarios of Serbian Emperor Stephen Dušan (r. _PHONE_). It seems he was the first member of the family to be admitted to the Ragusan nobility, as requested by the Emperor.
 - Jeronim Bučić (16th century) - From Kotor, was Bishop of local diocese since 1581. He edited an adaptation of The Life of St. Tryphon, adding four hymns.
 - Vincenc and Dominik Bučić (16th century) - Brothers from Kotor, both Dominicans, were popular theologians, leaving several published and unpublished writings. The second was the confessor of Blessed Osanna of Cattaro and General Vicar for Dalmatia.
 - Vincenc Bučić (17th century) - Bishop of Kotor from 1622 to 1656.
 - References
 Buća Wikipedia
 Similar Topics
 Bua, Varberg Municipality
 Bua (Fijian Communal Constituency, Fiji)
 Bua Airport


text:
How much text do you have to accompany your videos? There is a school of thought that you need lots of text together with a video. The notion is that unless people can get an idea of what the video is about, they are unlikely to watch it. Furthermore, you get all those "SEO experts" telling you that Google needs lots of text to rank your pages, so if you don't write 1,000 words to go with your two-minute video, the content will be virtually invisible. Tell that to the multimillion dollar "YouTubers" who only publish video content with no text….!
The real conundrum for content marketers is whether they are wasting time by writing the accompanying text. New research implies they are. Text and video do not work well together, it seems.
The study from Taiwan compared the engagement of people with a recipe page for which specific skills needed to be learned. Those skills were described in writing, but were also shown in a video.
The researchers looked at eye tracking results and also tested people's ability to retain the relevant information, depending on which kind of page they looked at. Some people were given a static page with just text and a picture. Others had text and a video. The results were fascinating.
Text with a video leads to poor information retention
People who were given the recipe and a description of the relevant skills on a text-based page, with just a picture, were better able to retain the information compared with people who had a video and text to look at. It seems that people who had text and a picture glanced at the picture and then concentrated on the text. However, when there was a video present people tended to flick between the two, suggesting that they didn't take in enough information to retain it. So if you want people to remember your content in a video, don't include a lot of text – it confuses people.
If people don't know a subject a video alone wins
It turns out that if people had previous knowledge which helped them understand the recipe videos in the study, then they were better at retaining the new information if all they looked at was the text. But for students with low prior interest, the video alone appears to have helped retention of information best. So, if you know that your audience is new to the information you have in your video, publishing it alone without accompanying text helps them most.
People tend to ignore the text when a video is present
The study also showed that when a video was present it got much more attention than the text. In other words, when your page has a video on it, there is much less reading of the text anyway. So what is the text there for? If people are not looking at it, why are you writing it?
What this study suggests is that if you have video you are better off publishing it without much, if any accompanying text. Text will confuse people as they flick between reading it and trying to watch the video.
Ultimately, though, what this study implies is that content should EITHER be text OR video, but not both together. Remember too that the study shows that there is a high retention of material that is just text. Maybe you don't even need to produce those videos after all!Digital & Social Articles on Business 2 Community


text:
I have ten apples. I eat two apples. I now have 8 apples. I can write that story as 10 – 2 = 8
Let me retell that story. I had ten apples on the table and zero apples in my belly. Now, I have 8 apples on the table and 2 apples in my belly. I can write that story as 10 + 0 = 8 + 2
Let me retell that story. Today I ate two apples. I started with ten apples, but later I only had eight apples. I can tell that story 2 = 10 -8
If someone wanted, they could rewrite either of these expressions to be 10 = 8 – (-2). But just because you can do something, doesn't mean you should.
For that reason, I don't like this physics equation,
Ei = Ef – Wnc
It doesn't tell a very good story.
It makes way more sense (to me) to write it as Ef = Ei + ΔE. This simply says the energy you have later is just whatever the energy you started with plus the change, or write it as Ei¹ + Ei² = Ef¹ + Ef² This says that what you start with is what you end with, even if you rearrange things to be in different places. I'd even be OK with ΔE = Ef-Ei = Wnc because then its clear that the work quantifies that amount of energy coming in or going out.
Any else think that writing KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf – Wnc is a bad story?


text: With an increased demand for thin-gauge metals, quality control during the cold rolling process has become a larger field of focus. Companies in the cold rolling industry have faced issues controlling and maintaining profile consistency during the cold rolling process. To reduce the amount of scrap material created when rolling steel sheets, an accurate and fast design model that predicts stress concentrations is needed. While winding a strip with a non-ideal profile, variations in stress accumulate along the width of the strip and can cause failure. Also, a sensor roll cannot distinguish between winding stresses and deformation stresses caused by the rolling operation. A method is needed to filter out the winding stresses from the sensor measurement. Using applied elasticity theory, an Airy Stress function can be derived and used to predict stresses in the rolling direction as well as shear stress behavior. Simulating the boundary conditions during the winding process allows for analysis of stress distributions and the prediction of certain modes of failure; herringbone, tearing, walk-off, etc. With an accurate model, the desired output stress profile can be adjusted according to the predicted winding stresses, and the correct mill modifications can be performed to arrive at higher quality product.


text:
A transect is a path along which one counts and records occurrences of the phenomena of study (e.g. plants).
It requires an observer to move along a fixed path and to count occurrences along the path and, at the same time (in some procedures), obtain the distance of the object from the path. This results in an estimate of the area covered and an estimate of the way in which detectability increases from probability 0 (far from the path) towards 1 (near the path). Using the raw count and this probability function, one can arrive at an estimate of the actual density of objects.
The estimation of the abundance of populations (such as terrestrial mammal species) can be achieved using a number of different types of transect methods, such as strip transects, line transects, belt transects, point transects and curved line transects.
New Urbanist town planners use the term transect to refer to the continuum of land uses from an urban core to a rural boundary. General New Urban transect classifications (from highest to lowest density) are: urban core, urban centre, general urban, suburban, rural, and natural.
See also
- Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P and Laake, J.L. 1993. Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. London: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0-412-42660-9 Online version
- Line Lex Hiby, M. B. Krishna 2001. Transect Sampling from a Curving Path. Biometrics. 57(3):727-731
- Transect applied to regional plans. September 2000. New Urban News
- Transect. Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ). Undated
|Look up transect in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|


text:
The challenge this week is as follows: given a string in A2, return the single-word substring which immediately precedes the only occurrence within that string of a substring of the form XabcdY, where X and Y are either an asterisk or an obelisk and a, b, c and d are integers from 0 to 9.
- The string is delimited by single spaces
- Excluding the one substring of the form XabcdY, each of the other substrings may or may not have an asterisk or an obelisk at each end (providing of course that this will not result in more than one substring of the form XabcdY)
Solution next week. Best of luck!


Grade 3 March 1, 2021
1. ELA Reading Comprehension: What's That Hopping Down the Trail. Answer the questions. Write complete sentences.
2. Math: Standards Practice Book pages 79-80.
3. Science: Read pages 122-131. Answer Share and Compare questions on page 132 in your science notebook.
Due date: Tuesday, March 2, 2021.
Chapter 4 Math Test Thursday (March 4, 2021)
ELA Grammar Test Unit 4 Friday (March 5, 2021)
Root word (ject) quiz –Friday, March 5, 2021


text:
It has been sought for centuries but remained a mystery, still out of reach. Now an expert has pinpointed a site that could be Atahualpa's resting place: the last Inca emperor's tomb.
"This is an absolutely important find for the history of Ecuador's archeology and for the (Andean) region," said Patrimony Minister Maria Fernanda Espinosa, speaking of the ruins found by Ecuadoran historian Tamara Estupinan.
The Inca empire, in the 1400s and early 1500s, spanned much of South America's Andean region, over 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers), from modern-day Bolivia and Peru to Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Colombia. It included dozens of ethnic groups with different languages, cities, temples, farming terraces and fortresses.


text:
11,000 YEARS ALONG THE HOUSATONIC RIVER: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE NORTHWEST HILLS
Kent, Connecticut – September 13, 2008 – The Sloane-Stanley Museum invites the public to a free program on Saturday, October 4th to celebrate Connecticut Archaeology Awareness Month. Dr. Nicholas Bellantoni, State Archaeologist, will talk at 1p.m. on the history of the Native American settlements and patterns of subsistence along the Housatonic River and how both were forced to adapt to changing climatic conditions and European contact.
Dr. Bellantoni serves as the State Archaeologist with the Connecticut State Museum of Natural History and Archaeology Center at the University of Connecticut. He has been excavating in Connecticut for over 30 years. "We are fortunate to have Dr. Bellantoni open Connecticut Archaeology Awareness Month by speaking at the Sloane-Stanley Museum," said Karin Peterson, Museum Director. "He is a knowledgeable and charismatic speaker." Want-to-be archaeologists can refine their digging skills at "Excavation Station," an interactive learning experience for all ages, which precedes Dr. Bellantoni's presentation from 11:00 am to 1:00 pm. This program also is part of the Upper Housatonic Valley National Heritage Walking Weekend held each year so the public can learn about the history and culture of this region which includes parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
The Sloane-Stanley Museum was built as a collaborative effort between Eric Sloane and the Stanley Works of New Britain to commemorate the tool company's 125th anniversary. Sloane is known to lovers of Americana as an artist and author who brought to life many forgotten customs and skills of past generations. In all, Sloane authored and illustrated over 38 books.
The Sloane-Stanley Museum is located in Kent, Connecticut on Route 7 (31 Kent-Cornwall Road) just north of the village of Kent and the intersection of Route 7 and 341. The museum is open from Wednesday through Sunday, from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. Regular admission: Adults $4.00, Senior Citizens, $3.00, Children 6 to 17 $2.50.
The Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism brings together tourism, film, history and the arts. Its mission is to preserve and promote Connecticut's cultural and tourism assets in order to enhance the quality of life and economic vitality of the state.
Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism
Historic Preservation & Museum Division


>Drawing Of Sluice Room Layout
What Is A Sluice Room?
When we consider the question of 'what is a sluice room', the first response should be 'very important indeed!' But what exactly does a sluice room do, and why is it so critical?
The sluice room is a closed area found in hospitals, care homes and special needs schools; it may also be present in other extended care facilities, too.
When properly planned and equipped, the sluice room allows for the safe and efficient disposal of human waste. In turn, the spread of infection is prevented.
A sluice room can also be called a 'dirty' or 'soiled' utility room. No matter how a medical facility chooses to name it, the function is much the same – and of great significance to clinical operations.
What happens in a sluice room?
When a clinician enters a sluice room, they will most likely be handling some kind of enclosed human waste after providing care to a patient or resident who may either be bedridden, can't safely use a traditional toilet, or have special needs which leave them incontinent.
This waste will need to be hygienically disposed of in a way that won't expose clinicians to harmful bacteria or spread it around the area. Similarly, the vessel holding the waste will need to be cleaned if it is reusable, so it's sanitary for the next user.
If the vessel isn't reusable, it'll most likely be made of medical pulp, and need to be safely discarded. The same will apply to single-use incontinence products, such as pads and nappies.
None of these items can be thrown into a regular bin, as they pose a serious risk to human health.
Pulpmatic Ultima being loaded
Why are sluice room activities so important?
It's vital for sluice room operations to be well-planned and orchestrated, so that the working environment (and as a consequence, the entire medical facility) remains safe.
If the sluice room is badly designed, with poor equipment and insufficient procedures, disposing of human waste can be slow and inefficient. In turn, clinicians can risk spreading dangerous pathogens (inside and outside of the sluice room), as well as spending too long dealing with auxiliary tasks.
If bacteria are allowed to spore, it could result in a major outbreak of infection in your facility. Illnesses such as C. difficile are extremely distressing for patients and can even be life-threatening; the pressure on clinicians during outbreaks is also significant, with a major extra demand on their already limited time. The extra cost to your facility, in terms of deep cleaning, extra staff and ward closures can be devastating – and that's before the damage to your reputation is considered.
It's in everyone's best interest, therefore, that excellent sluice room practices are properly considered, supported and upheld.
How do sluice rooms control infection?
A sluice room contributes to good infection control, straight from the design stages; it should have a clear workflow, where clinicians can easily travel from one workstation to the next, without spreading germs.
Care should also be taken to provide crevice-free worksurfaces, so bacteria can't hide; using stainless steel furniture is an effective way for this to be achieved. Similarly, walls should be easy to wipe clean, and floors simple to mop, with no cracks or indents.
Alongside the architecture of a sluice room, the equipment it contains is critical to controlling infection. The correct equipment should be provided for each task, to suit the kind of care that your facility is providing to service users.
If your facility relies on re-usable bedpans, having a bedpan washer disinfector in the sluice room is absolutely vital.
Far safer than washing bedpans by hand, a washer disinfector will sanitise multiple utensils at a time, and far quicker than a clinician could achieve manually. It's also a more effective method, which ensures the chamber and its contents are heated to the correct temperature to kill bacteria.
For facilities which favour single-use pulp products, a macerator will provide sanitary disposal of soiled bedpans, urinals and commode pots.
Cutting pulp into a fine paste, macerators flush their contents through the normal sewerage system. A disinfectant rinse after the process ensures the macerator itself remains sanitary, as well as smelling fresh.
Both processes are far more hygienic than attempting to clean a bedpan with running water, gloves and scrubbing tools; even with the best intentions, these can spread bacteria through splashback, steam or human error.
If your facility needs to regularly dispose of incontinence pads and nappies, a macerator designed specifically for incontinence products will provide the same service. Soiled items are safely disposed of, without the clinician needing to be hands-on and spreading bacteria in the process.
Bedpan washer hands-free opening in action
DDC Dolphin can help you to ensure that your sluice room is fulfilling its infection control obligations, from every angle.
With over 25 years of experience, DDC Dolphin are sluice room experts, offering an all-encompassing solution to ensure that your human waste disposal requirements are met.
From ensuring that newly built facilities are sufficiently planned, to equipping your sluice room with the most suitable technology, DDC Dolphin can advise you every step of the way.
Once your sluice room is installed, DDC Dolphin will continue to support you. Offering comprehensive service and maintenance packages, maximum uptime is guaranteed; preventable issues can be stemmed, while the unexpected can be dealt with quickly and efficiently, with minimum impact on your clinicians and service users.
DDC Dolphin can even provide training to your staff, so everyone can maximise the use of critical sluice room machinery and prevent breakdowns by misuse.
Sluice-Room-ChecklistThe result?
A safe environment for those in your care, where service users thrive, and clinicians can work to the best of their ability.
Want to learn more? Take a look at our Sluice Room Checklist to make sure you include all the essential fixtures and fittings to achieve optimum infection control in your dirty utility room.
Contact us to discuss your hospital or care home's requirements
Want To Speak To One Of Our Experts?
Get In Touch


text:
Genotyping vs. Sequencing: What's the Difference?
Here at Orig3n we're focused on advancing the future of personal care. Our DNA tests are empowering people to use their genetic information to make more informed decisions in their daily lives. Join us as we explain how science and technology come together to create a revolution in self-care.
We're all inherently interested in what our DNA may be able to tell us about ourselves, but do you really know how your DNA is analyzed after your swab arrives at Orig3n's lab? Read on to learn the difference between genotyping and sequencing, and discover how we decode your DNA here at Orig3n.
What is DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material found in each of your cells, and is made up of molecules called nucleotides that provide the instructions an organism needs to develop, live, and reproduce. The sequence of your nucleotides (also known as base pairs) creates a "code" that in turn forms the blueprint of you.
DNA tests help crack that code, offering you personalized insights into your genetic blueprint that can empower you to make choices that may improve your lifestyle. There are two main ways to analyze DNA: genotyping and sequencing. As a comparison, imagine reading a book. Genotyping highlights specific chapters while sequencing is comparable to reading the entire book.
What is genotyping?
Genotyping is used to determine which specific genetic variants an individual possesses. To do this, scientists in the lab look for information at a specific place in your DNA (known as genotyping chips or SNPs) where they know important data will be. By targeting these hyper-focused sections of your DNA, scientists can efficiently and effectively gain insight into an array of different gene variants that an individual possesses.
What is sequencing?
Sequencing is used to determine the exact order of your DNA base pairs. Using sequencing, scientists can either look at a specific portion of DNA (known as your "exome") or at the entire sequence (known as your "genome"). Unlike genotyping, sequencing does not require prior identification of SNPs or genotyping chips. As a result, sequencing can be used to identify your known genetic variants, as well as new variants that may be unique to a specific individual.
While sequencing offers fascinating insights, the relative newness of the technique has limited its use in market, as it is still relatively costly and time-consuming. For context, it took the Human Genome Project nearly 10 years to successfully map the entire human genome for only a few individuals! While the process is getting faster each and every day, it is still more time consuming than genotyping.
Behind the Science: How Orig3n Decodes Your DNA
Here at Orig3n, we use genotyping to analyze your DNA. By using this technique we're able to keep our tests affordable, enabling everyone to gain access to their genetic information and make more empowered decisions — which is what we're focused on each and every day.
Learn more about our DNA testing process …
Whether you've already purchased a DNA test or you're thinking about exploring your options, learn what happens to your DNA test sample once you send your swab back to our Orig3n lab with our article, In the Lab: Where Does My DNA Test Sample Go?
Already have your results?
Learn how to put your DNA results into action! Check out our article, 4 Ways to Make the Most of Your Orig3n DNA Test.
Keep in touch!
Stay in the know on everything Orig3n — including both our DNA tests and regenerative medicine research — by subscribing to our email list. Simply scroll to the bottom of our homepage and enter your email.


text:
A little known fact about the Statue of Liberty
Input text: A Trump is -4 feet left of and -4.8 foot above and -6 inches in front of the statue of liberty. The ground is water. The background is city. The statue is -10 feet above the ground. the statue of liberty leans 66 degrees to the left.The sun is silver. a tugboat is right of and -1.8 feet in front of the statue of liberty. it faces right. it is -2 feet above the ground. a 25.9 feet tall and 0.5 feet wide [hair] tube is -3 feet to the left of and -7 feet above the boat. it leans 38 degrees to the right. a small man is -7 feet left of and -5 feet above the boat. he faces left.


contour represented by v evolves through the candidate window to reach a force balance equation F int(v) + F ext(v) = 0, where F int(v) is the internal force constraining contour's smoothness, and F ext(v) is the external force attracting the contour toward image features.
The IFVF is a fast and accurate edge-based snake technique, because of the introduction of both static and dynamic terms in the external force.
F ext v = F static v + F dynamic v
The F static could be a static external force which overcomes the edge leakage problem, e.g., we use boundary vector flow (BVF) proposed in [23] as the F static. The BVF extends the capture range further to the entire image based on simpler interpolation. Four potential functions Ψx, Ψy, Ψxy, and Ψyx are computed using line-by-line interpolations in the horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal directions. The F static is calculated as follows
F static = Φ 1 = ( Ψ x, Ψ y ) or F static = Φ 2 = 2 2 Ψ xy + Ψ yx, 2 2 Ψ xy Ψ yx
The F dynamic is achieved in three steps.
 1. 1.
 Given an HIE-enhanced candidate image, a binary edge map B is generated using smoothing technique speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion [21] and the Canny edge detector [24].
 2. 2.
 By comparing the edge map points to the current snake contour points (snaxels), a new control point (x c,y c ) is selected by considering the point which contributes more to the distance between snake contour and object boundary [22]. We use the Hausdorff distance to find such a point. Assuming two sets of points S and O, the Hausdorff distance is then defined as h S, O = max o O min s S d s, o where d(s o) is the Euclidean distance between a snaxel s and a object boundary point o. So, the control point is chosen as the point on the object boundary which has the Hausdorff distance value.
 3. 3.
 For any pixel (x,y) on the contour v, its F dynamic(x,y) is then calculated as follows
 F dynamic x, y = 1 B δ d'x, y d'x, y
where δ = ±1 controls the outward or inward direction. In this article, we use δ = 1, as the initial contour is automatically set as a small circle in the center of the window image with radius of 3 pixels. d'(x,y) is the Euclidean distance between points (x,y) and (x c,y c ). Note that the term (1 − B) makes the F dynamic zero for those points which already reach edges. Based on the edge map generated from the enhanced candidates images using HIE, the IFVF segmentation result of these candidates C1–C3 are shown in Figure 9e. The stopping criterion of the evolution is determined by computing the difference in locations (defined by the x and y coordinates) of the corresponding contour points between two consecutive iterations. If it is less than a convergence threshold t, the active contour evolution will be stopped. In our experiments, t is empirically set to 0.05. Based on our tests, there is no significant improvement even if t is smaller than 0.05.
3.5 CFC
The last module in our proposed technique is the CFC, which performs the fine scale feature classification. Three types of contour-based features, shape, edge and region, are extracted for the final cavity detection. These features include circularity measure [25], GICOV [26], and Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) [27] between the pixel intensity distributions inside and outside the contour. The computations of these three features are explained below.
 1. 1.
 Assuming a contour has one centroid, L points are selected from the contour in L cardinal directions. The circularity of the contour is then calculated as scaled variance as follows
 C = var d x i, y i max d x i, y i, i = 1, 2,, L
where d(x i,y i ) is the distance from the centroid to the contour point (x i,y i ) in the i th direction. In this article, we use L = 16. The circularity feature is a feature which could effectively reduce the false positives.
 1. 2.
 Based on the observation that the inner boundary of a cavity often has dark-to-bright transition, the GICOV value of L points on the contour is calculated as follows
 2. (a)
 For the contour point (x i,y i ) in the i th direction, its gradient in normal direction g n (x i,y i ) is calculated as g n x i, y i = I x i, y i. n x i, y i, where n x i, y i is the unit outward normal vector at this point.
 3. (b)
 The mean and standard deviation of g n, denoted by m and s, are then calculated as m = 1 L i = 1 L g n x i, y i and s 2 = 1 L 1 i = 1 L g n x i, y i m 2
 4. (c)
 The GICOV value of the contour is finally achieved using following equation:
 GICOV = m s / L
 5. 3.
 Given the probability distributions, P and Q, of the pixel intensity values inside and outside the cavity, respectively, the KLD for a candidate window is calculated as follows
 KLD = i = 1 B P i ln P i Q i
where B is the number of bins in the histogram span by P and Q. The KLD compares the difference in gray level distribution between the pixels inside and outside the contour.
Table 1 shows the above feature values corresponding to three contours shown in Figure 9e. As in the coarse feature classification step, we select the SVM as the fine feature classifier in this step. Based on the feature values (Table 1), the trained SVM classifier identifies the Contour-2 as a positive and Contour-1 and Contour-3 as negatives. The final detected cavity (corresponding to Contour-2) in the CXR image is shown in Figure 9f as the red contour. The result matches with the ground truth.
Table 1
Fine feature values of three contours in Figure 9e
4. Performance evaluation
In this section, we evaluate our proposed coarse-to-fine dual scale technique with respect to three aspects: the effectiveness of candidate selection, the accuracy of contour segmentation, and the accuracy of final cavity detection.
4.1. Experimental dataset and parameters configuration
A cavity dataset of 35 CXR images containing 50 cavities is obtained from the University of Alberta Hospital. All the images were independently read by three experienced chest radiologists who are specialized in TB diagnosis. The presence of TB cavities was confirmed by the agreement of at least two radiologists. The sample histograms of cavity properties such as diameter, circularity, and wall thickness are shown in Figure 11. From the histograms, it can be seen that the cavities vary in diameters while their circularities range mainly from 0.15 to 0.2 and most of them have intermediate thickness. For computational efficiency, the original CXR images are resized as 512 × 512 (or close to this size) with a fixed pixel spacing [0.8 mm, 0.8 mm]. Since all the cavities are located in the ULZ, a similar preprocessing procedure as described in [7] was applied to segment the target lung region, which reduces the processing area to a smaller rectangular bounding box. Figure 12 shows an example of the target area.
Figure 11
Sample histograms of cavity properties. (a) Histogram of diameter; (b) histogram of circularity; (c) histogram of wall thickness of four categories: "Thick" (≥16 mm), "Intermediate" (4–15 mm), "Thin" (<4 mm), and "Uncertain" (wall not discernible).
Figure 12
An example of the target area. The enhanced subimage inside the green rectangle is the result of the preprocessing procedure.
The proposed cavity detection technique is implemented in MATLAB 2007b on an Intel Pentium 4 CPU 2.8 GHz with 2 GB RAM computer. All the parameters in the proposed technique are listed in Table 2. The SVM classifiers in both coarse and fine feature classification are built using LIBSVM software [28]. To train the SVM classifiers, we applied the 'leave-one-out' method [29] since the size of samples with cavities is small. For example in LHFC, to detect the candidate regions in one of the 30 CXR images, we use the remaining 29 CXR images for the training. The training set contains the LBP and HOG feature vectors extracted from windows with and without cavities (positive and negative samples) in these 29 CXR images. Note that the negative samples for training were selected from the contralateral position of the positive samples based on the approximate symmetry of the lung field. The SVM classifier in CFC is trained in a similar way.
Table 2
Parameters configuration in the proposed technique
Parameters names
Parameters values
Template size


text:
High School Students
We are looking for motivated, reliable, and enthusiastic students to work on research projects related to understanding how the human brain and nervous system works. Specifically, students will have the opportunity to assist in a variety of lab work, including:
- Analyzing tissue data
- Sample examination and study under microscope
- Digital drawing
- Gather biomechanical and/or electrophysiological data
- Data input and analysis
By the end of the project, the student should have the skills and knowledge necessary to conduct more in-depth research projects in the fields of life sciences and neuroscience.


Why store cookbooks on cookbooks and other cooking tools and equipment? What are the benefits of having your Sperry about different cuisines?
There is something special about a well-written recipe book that a chef can use for cooking their household's daily intake of food. It is one special ingredient for their preparation. Such a simple paperback has become a great help for their food to indeed come to life.
Cookbooks are not expensive to buy, but they do take time to research and create. A good cookbook can teach a beginner how to use a piece of equipment that one may have never used before. It is the measures of spices and time measured for heating meat that will make a world of difference to the taste of one's dish. Anybody can purchase compendiums with recipes in them for every dish imaginable. With finding even a sole cookbook, it already has an assortment of exotic dishes. The Kitchener will have a wide variety of exciting recipes to prepare.
With the overwhelming modernization caused both by the Internet and contemporary technologies, the popularity of recipe hardcopies is becoming outdated. Most people don't know that cookbooks are one of the significant investments they will ever make.
Inducting in these books will help individuals have vast cuisine choices, cook and cookware, and other equipment to use. It also adds a thorough knowledge of the history of cooking from a particular vibrant country.
Through learning new histories by only a simple dish, that person who used to hate cooking at home will love eventually loves even just the thought of it. Plus, they will also appreciate knowing that the value of cooking and the apparatus they use. Finally, the importance of organizing and adorning the cooking area will append into their awareness.
To help homeowners to store their cookbooks within their versatile kitchen, the notorious kitchen cabinet refacing San Clemente and kitchen cabinet refacing Santa Ana company created an infographic with all the helpful tips of the best ways of hoarding recipe books:
Best-Ways-to-Store-Your-Cookbooks Infographic


text:
set introduced some Pokémon-ex with two different Resistances on the same card, such as Rayquaza ex. Resistances were initially fixed at -30 damage, meaning the Pokémon would take 30 less damage from an attack. Unlike Weakness, this rule was always printed on the card, either to the left of or above the Resistance-type in the form of "-30". As of the Diamond & Pearl set, Resistances are officially variables, though are always -20 (also printed on the cards) damage unless on a reprint of a Pokémon card that originally had a -30 Resistance.
- Main article: Retreat cost
When a player wants to move his or her Active Pokémon to the Bench, that player can retreat that Pokémon. Then, a Pokémon on the Bench must replace the previous Active Pokémon. Each Pokémon has a Retreat Cost: a specific number of Energy that must be discarded from the Pokémon being retreated in order to move it back to the Bench. Retreating can only be done once per turn. If the player doesn't have the required amount of Energy attached to discard or doesn't have any Benched Pokémon, his or her Pokémon is unable to retreat. Some Pokémon have no Retreat Cost and thus can retreat for free; others have a Retreat Cost of between one and five Energy inclusive. Any type of Energy can be used for retreating, as any Energy can count as Colorless.
A Restored Pokémon (known in Japan as Revived Pokémon) is a form of Pokémon that in the Pokémon games, is revived to life from a Fossil. As with the games, only nine Pokémon can be classified as Restored Pokémon; however, only Tirtouga, Archen, and Aerodactyl have appeared so far. In order to play a Restored Pokémon, the player must first play the respective Fossil card, search the bottom seven cards of their deck for the corresponding Pokémon, and then place into onto his or her Bench. This type of card was introduced in the Noble Victories expansion.
- Main article: Special Conditions (TCG)
A Special Condition is a result that some attacks have. Specific attacks may cause the Defending Pokémon to be affected by at least one of the five Special Conditions: Asleep, Burned, Confused, Paralyzed and Poisoned. Unlike status ailments in the video games, Special Conditions are not necessarily mutually exclusive due to the Poisoned and Burned Special Conditions being recognized by the placing of a marker on the afflicted Pokémon. However, between the other three, a Pokémon can only be affected by one at once.
- Main article: Stadium card (TCG)
A Stadium card is one of three types of "Trainer" card and is designed to change an aspect of gameplay for both players. Unlike Trainer cards and Supporter cards, Stadium cards cause a long-term change in gameplay which affects both players. Being competitive cards, they are often played in order to hugely help the player or hinder the opponent. For example, the Battle Frontier Stadium card would not be used by players whose decks included Colorless-type, Darkness-type or Metal-type Evolved Pokémon.
- Main article: Supporter card (TCG)
A Supporter card is one of three types of "Trainer" cards. Supporter cards are based on characters who are, more often than not, included in the Pokémon games, such as Scott, Professor Rowan and Bebe. A player can only play one Supporter card each turn, this is because they are usually very helpful to the player. They stay in play until the end of the player's turn—they are then discarded.
- Main article: Trainer card (TCG)
The Trainer card is the main type of "Trainer" card, was the first to be introduced, and was the only type of "Trainer" card until Supporter cards and Stadium cards were split into their own categories in Diamond & Pearl. Unlike these two, Trainer cards have subtypes, and thus have a wide range of effects. The two main subtypes of Trainer card are Pokémon Tools, which act very much like held items in the games, and Technical Machines, which include one additional attack usable by the Pokémon the card is attached to. Other set-specific types, such as Goldenrod Game Corner and Rocket's Secret Machine, also exist.
If a Pokémon has Weakness to a certain type, it means that if it is attacked by a Pokémon of that type, it will receive more damage. Most Pokémon have one Weakness, such as Diglett in the Base Set, but some have none, such as Togepi in the Neo Destiny set. The EX Sandstorm set introduced some Pokémon-ex with two different Weaknesses on the same card, such as Aggron ex. Weaknesses were initially fixed at ×2 damage, meaning the Pokémon would take twice the amount of damage dealt by an attack. Variable Weaknesses were later introduced in the Diamond & Pearl set, with Weaknesses of +10, +20, +30, +40 and ×2. Generally, Basic Pokémon will have a Weakness of +10, Stage 1 Pokémon one of +20, and Stage 2 Pokémon one of +30, with a select few having one of +40. There is no general pattern (except perhaps legendary Pokémon) of Pokémon with a ×2 Weakness; although, Pokémon SP always have a weakness of ×2. From HeartGold & SoulSilver onwards, Weaknesses return to ×2.