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This information sets out the general procedure for getting property back from the Police. For more detailed information of the process of a specific Police Force, you should contact either the Police Headquarters for that area or the station where you were arrested.
Why is this important
There are many people who have their property taken away from them when they are arrested by the Police. People often think that they will never be able to get that property back and this information looks at how you may be able to do so.
How property is retained by the Police
When arrested and/or subject to a police investigation, you may have property confiscated from you which is then held by the police on your behalf.
When the Police investigate criminal offences, they are given wide ranging powers to seize property they believe is relevant to the investigation. This is principally done under s.19 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE 84).
General power of seizure etc.
(2)The constable may seize anything which is on the premises if he has reasonable grounds for believing-
(a)that it has been obtained in consequence of the commission of an offence; and
In simple terms, if the Officer believes that something is relevant to the investigation then he will no doubt seize it. If you are charged with an offence a decision will then be made as to whether that item becomes a 'Used' exhibit or an 'unused' exhibit. If it is 'used' then it means the Prosecution will rely on it at trial in your case. If 'unused' then the Prosecution are not relying on it as evidence in the case.
Basically, if the officer thinks that something is relevant to the investigation, then he has a duty to seize it.
Getting property back, either whilst you are in custody or once the proceedings that relate to why the property was confiscated have taken place.
There are two types of property that may be taken from you when you are arrested
 1. The property in your possession when arrested (e.g. coins, watch, lighter, wallet) - any property which is not believed to be of evidential value (and is not an illegal item or substance). This should be returned to you when you leave custody.
 2. Property you own which is of interest to the investigation (e.g. a computer, a large sum of cash, trainers or kitchen knives). This will be retained until the investigation/process is complete.
Getting your property back
If you have had property seized by the police (other than money or cash) then there naturally becomes a point when that property is no longer required under PACE 1984. You won't necessarily be able to recover all your property (e.g. drugs, knives, guns etc.) - some will be forfeited and destroyed.
If you had money or cash seized, the rules and regulations are incredibly complicated, and you are probably best speaking to a solicitor about what to do.
Although the policy of returning property may vary depending on the police force, there is a general process that the Police will use. This usually involves you being notified by them, often in writing, stating that your property can be collected and where you need to go for it.
However, there are some points that you need to know before getting your property back:-
If you want to make some enquiries as to whether you can collect your property, you will need to speak to the officer in charge of the case.
If the Police are disputing your ownership of the property in question, then you may have to prove it is yours.
If you are not charged
If you are not charged but the police are still investigating the case, property is dealt with in the same was as if you were charged and released, when the officer in charge authorises it.
If you are not charged, but you have a Co-defendant/s and some of your property is needed for their case it will continue to be held until the case is closed and the officer in charge authorises it for release.
After you are convicted/sentenced
After you have been convicted/ sentenced, once the case has been closed with no outstanding issues you should be given all items which were on your person at the station at the court or be told to attend the station to collect your property.
If you are in prison
If while in custody your property is no longer needed by the Police you should be sent a letter of notification listing what property is being released. This letter can either be sent to the prison or your address at the time of arrest.
When you are sentenced, the Home Office should be told of the outcome and if detained which prison you have been sent to.
This property should be forwarded onto the prison where you are currently being held. The Home Office will usually cover the postage costs.
For items that are too large to post (e.g. car, computer), the item/s will remain at the station or holding centre until your released. This is so long as you make contact with the police force in charge and there is no other option for collection. You should try to make it clear when you will be in a position to collect your property.
In custody, you will not be able to collect your property from the station yourself. With this in mind, the police should allow you to use alternative options.
 1. You can write a letter to the station addressed to the officer in charge stating who you are giving permission to collect your property. You must also write a letter to the person collecting the property, giving them permission, and they must bring this letter and some form of ID with them when they go to collect your property.
 2. You can have the property posted to an address different to the prison so long as you inform them of this within a set time frame (usually 28 days). This may vary from force to force.
Do not know the officer in charge of your case?
If you do not know the details of the officer in charge you will need to provide the relevant Police force with as much information as possible about your case.
The following information would be useful:-


The River Murray Weirs – Part 2 of 3: Eight Ways Weirs Degrade the River Ecosystem
The River Murray Weirs were constructed 100 years ago for riverboat navigation and to supply water to inland communities. But the weirs have also degraded wetlands, salinised floodplains and devastated native fish populations.
In this second article I describe the impacts of the weirs on the river ecosystem. The final article in this series will describe ecological mitigation and how weirs are being managed for the environment.
How Weirs Work
A weir is a bank built across a river to raise the water level.
Weirs don't reduce flow: they just create a storage pool upstream. Once the pool is full, water spills over the weir and continues downstream.
The River Murray weirs were designed to support irrigation and navigation, so the pools are kept as stable as possible. Gates in the weirs are opened or closed as flow increases or decreases so that the level in the pool doesn't change.
The fall across a weir depends on flow. At very low flows a weir pool will be flat and extend to the foot of the next weir upstream (Figure A). Water velocity will be very slow in the weir pool and higher in the tailwater. At higher flows water spilling over the weir raises the downstream level and the river develops a slope (Figure B). The slow-moving weir pool contracts. At very high flows the downstream and upstream levels equalise and the weir is flooded (Figure C).
There are thirteen weirs on the River Murray between Blanchetown and Echuca, and one further diversion weir at Yarrawonga. There are many more weirs on the tributaries.
Eight Ways Weirs Degrade the River Ecosystem
1. Migrating Fish
Golden Perch is a migratory fish species. In winter and spring the fish swim upstream over hundreds or thousands of kilometres to spawn. In upstream reaches, Golden Perch release eggs in response to flood flows. The eggs drift downstream on the floodwater, hatching along the way and drifting into nursery habitats like wetlands.
The weirs are an insurmountable barrier to fish. By blocking their upstream breeding migrations, weirs have played a major role in the decline of Golden Perch, Silver Perch and other migratory fish.
Golden Perch. Fishways now help fish navigate the weirs. Photo Lance Lloyd.
2. Fragmented Habitat
Even if they don't migrate, aquatic animals need to move around the river.
Species like turtles, Murray Cod, Australian Smelt and Bony Herring move up and down the river to breed, to search for food and colonise new areas.
The movement of these animals is blocked by weirs. The weirs have segmented the Lower Murray into eleven sections, the shortest only twenty nine kilometres long. The weirs reduce the size of breeding populations, reduces access to habitat and makes populations more vulnerable to local threats.
3. Salt
Saline groundwater occurs naturally beneath the Lower Murray floodplain and is widespread upstream of Locks 4, 5 and 6.
When the weirs raised the river level they also brought groundwater closer to the surface. In many areas the roots of floodplain trees – Black Box and Red Gum – were exposed to salt and became sick or died. Groundwater began to seep into wetland depressions. Freshwater plants were replaced by samphire or, in the worst cases, by a crust of salt.
Lower Pike Floodplain at Lyrup, upstream of Lock 4
4. Slow Flow
Weirs have changed the Lower Murray from a flowing river to a series of lakes. The weirs have made the river broad, deep and very, very slow.
Turbulent, flowing water (faster than 0.3 m/s) is essential to Murray Cod, Trout Cod, River Mussel and Murray Crayfish. All of these species are now either extinct or very rare in the Lower Murray.
Turbulent water, flowing through snags, is ideal habitat for Murray Cod and Trout Cod. These conditions are virtually absent from the Lower Murray.
5. Drowned Wetlands
When the weirs were built they raised the river level and drowned low-lying areas. Thousands of wetlands became permanently flooded.
These wetlands used to be flooded seasonally and supported dense beds of wetland plants. The wetlands were breeding sites for fish and waterbirds and contributed to the river food web.
Permanent flooding changed the wetlands into broad expanses of open water. The wetlands are now much less productive and provide poor habitat for fish and birds.
Morgan Wetland, which was drowned by Lock 1.
6. Willows
Willows like the stable water levels provided by weirs and have become a widespread pest plant on the Lower Murray. They crowd the river bank, excluding native trees and reeds, and provide poorer habitat for native fish and birds.
Willows at Morgan, upstream of Lock 1 (_USER_)
7. Biofilms
Biofilms are the slime of bacteria, fungi and algae that grow on flooded logs and branches. Biofilms are a major food source for snails, small fish and shrimp, which become food for larger animals.
Biofilms are most productive when they are alternately flooded and dried, which happens when river levels rise and fall. Weirs have stabilised river levels, so snags are either flooded or dry most of the time. As a result, an important component of the river food web has been compromised.
Biofilms grow on flooded rocks, snags, twigs and leaves
8. Acid Sulfate Soils
Weirs have created acid sulfate soil risks by waterlogging floodplain soils.
Floodplains soils are often rich in sulfur minerals. When they are waterlogged and become anoxic the sulfur minerals can be reduced to sulfides. If these soils are exposed to the air again, the sulfides are oxidised into sulfuric acid.
The acid is toxic in its own right, but it also liberates poisonous heavy metals from the sediment. Acid sulfate soils can kill fish and plants and make water unsafe to drink.
Acid sulfate soils are safe while they remain flooded. The risk develops when weirs are lowered or when river flows are very low, which occurred in the Millennium Drought (_PHONE_).
Catfish Lagoon at Merbein Common, upstream of Lock 10, has potential for soil acidification.
The weirs have made the river less productive and less hospitable to native plants and animals. But few of these impacts can be blamed on weirs alone. Most are made worse by other things, for example:
 - irrigation drainage increases groundwater and salinity threats;
 - water diversions and flow regulation intensify river stability; and
 - carp reduce plant cover in drowned wetlands.
The final article in this series will describe how weirs are now being operated to reduce these threats and improve environmental outcomes.
See Also
The River Murray Weirs Part 1 of 3: Why so many Weirs?
Sources and Further Reading
MDBA (2011). Acid Sulfate Soils in the Murray-Darling Basin. Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Canberra.
MDBC (2007). The Sea to Hume Dam: Restoring Fish Passage in the River Murray. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra.
Walker, K.F. (2006). Serial weirs, cumulative effects: the Lower River Murray, Australia. Chapter 9 in Kingsford, R. (Ed.) Ecology of Desert Rivers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Thanks to Lance Lloyd for comments on the text.


Breastfeeding: Can brewer's yeast increase your milk supply?
I understand that brewers yeast is helpful in increasing the production of breastmilk. Is this true?
Debbi Donovan
Brewer's yeast, the same yeast that is used in the brewing of beer, is high in protein, iron and rich in B vitamins, along with various minerals and trace elements.
Many years ago it was commonly recommended that nursing mothers who suspected they had a low milk supply try adding it to their daily diet; some found it helped their milk supply and increased their energy level.
The traditional American diet is low in B vitamins. Though most nutrients in human milk are not affected by a mother's diet, B6 and B12 can be present in low concentrations if the mother is chronically deficient.
If you do decide to try brewer's yeast, check with your doctor first. A tablespoon of the powder each day. It can be mixed into tomato juice to help make it more palatable. If your baby becomes fussy from the addition of this supplement (as sometimes happens), you could try incorporating some B-rich foods into your diet instead: beef, pork, tuna, chicken, milk, eggs, whole grains, beans, peanuts, bananas and dark green leafy vegetables.
You may also want to see a lactation consultant -- she may be able to tell whether you do in face have an insufficient milk supply.
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text:
Text Color & Opacity
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To change the text's color, click on the color tile.
The Color palette will open. Click on the color gradient or the style chips to select a color.
Use the the eyedropper to pick a color from your canvas itself. You can also precisely select a color by typing in the HSV, RGB or _TAG_ boxes.
Change the text's opacity by using the opacity slider at the bottom of the color palette.
To change the justification of your text, select a text frame on your canvas. Click on the Text Attributes icon.
Justification will appear under the general font attributes area.
Choose among left, center, right and full justification options.
Justification applies the entire content of the text frames, not selected text within the frame.
Should you need to change justification to a portion of your text, make a copy (Ctrl-C/Ctrl-V in Windows, Cmd-C/Cmd-V on Mac) of the text frame, delete the extra content in both frames, and apply justification as required.
Should you need to write in a language that requires a different text direction than left-to-right orientation, you can change the text direction. To change the direction of your text, select a text frame on your canvas.
Click on the Text Attributes icon. Direction attributes will appear at the bottom of the options - scroll down to access it. Change your text from left-to-right, top-to-bottom or right-to-left, as required.
Note: if you are using non Roman characters or a language with additional characters (accents), the font you are choosing needs to support those characters. Not all fonts support all character types - some only support the standard Roman alphabet.
Search online for fonts supporting your language choice, install it on your computer, and relaunch Memento to ensure that it sees the new font. Apply it to your text frame in order to display the characters.
Letter & Lines Spacing
To control letter and lines spacing (aka inter-character and inter-line spacing), first add a text frame on your canvas, or select an existing text frame.
Access the Line Spacing & Letter options. Adjust the properties of either by either moving the sliders left-right or by manually entering precise values (click on the number next to the slider.
Change the line spacing slider to increase or decrease the amount of space between lines of text. They can even overlap.
General Font Attributes
Select your text frame(s) or a portion of your text. Open the text attribute options.
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Use the Letter Rotation slider to adjust the amount of rotation.
Should you wish to reset the effect to default (eg. turn it off), simply double-click on the slider button.
Note: to rotate the entire text frame, use the rotation handle under the selected frame.
Use the Italics slider for a custom effect, versus the general italics preset.
Select your text frame(s) or a portion of your text. Use the Skew slider to adjust the amount of skew.
Select your text frame(s) or a portion of your text. Use the Blur slider to adjust the amount of blur.
To create outlined text, adjust the Contour option in the text properties editor.
Select a text frame. Click on the Text Attributes icon.
Under the Contour options, first choose a color to contrast with the text body color.
Click on the color chip, and choose a color on the color palette.
To increase or decrease the size of the outline, use the contour slider, or click the number next to the slide to type in a precise value.
Should you wish to reset an effect to default (eg. turn it off), simply double-click on the slider button.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Since time unremembered we have held a certain fascination with the forests, trees, and plants of our world. They infuse much of our planet with verdant green, and although in more modern times they are something we mostly take for granted, a part of the background, there have always been mysterious plants and trees that have puzzled and perplexed. While mysterious animals and mythical creatures are fascinating enough, just as intriguing are often the equally bizarre and enigmatic plants and trees that have been reported throughout the ages, and here are some of the stranger of such accounts.
One curious tree supposedly existed in the garden of the home of regional Daimyo in Honjo, in the Hiradoshinden-han fiefdom of Japan sometime during the Edo Period (1603- 1868). The elegant mansion, which was known as the Matsura house, was located along what was then known as the Great River, now the Sumida River, and had a grand garden walled off from the outside world. Within this garden was a massive chinkapin oak tree with sprawling branches that arched right over the walls, and which was highly regarded by the people of the area. The strange thing about this particular tree was that it is said to have never dropped a single leaf, no matter what the season. The Daimyo's gardener often spoke of having never found even one leaf to have fallen off the mysterious tree, even in the dead of winter, and suspected that the tree had some sort of magical power coursing through it.
The odd tree became known as the Ochiba Naki Shii, The Chinkapin Tree of Unfallen Leaves, and indeed, the Daimyo himself was said to be convinced that it had some form of magic, spirits, or even a curse infusing it. So unsettled was he by the tree that he apparently spent as little time at the home as possible, and even at times considered having it cut down, but the fame of the magical tree had spread, and to destroy it would have greatly upset the people. In fact, the mansion had become a popular destination for curiosity seekers from all over, to the point that it had become popularly known as the Chinkapin Tree Mansion. The unusual tree became so legendary that its story went on to be considered one of the Honjo Nana Fushigi, or "Seven Wonders of Honjo," and its story told far and wide.
It is uncertain just how real the mysterious Chinkapin Tree of Unfallen Leaves was, and sadly we will probably never know. The land on which it stood was eventually purchased by the Yasuda zaibatsu financial conglomerate during the Meiji Period (_PHONE_), which was a time of great social modernization for the country. The company had the area turned into a private garden called Yasuda Park, after which it was later made a public park which exists to this day in Sumida Ward, Tokyo. Although there is a stone monument to signify where the legendary tree is said to have once stood, the tree itself is long gone, the park completely unrecognizable from what it had once been. Whatever happened to it is anyone's guess, but the tree lives on in myth and legend.
Also widely spoken of in Japan is a mystical type of tree known as the Jinmenju, "The Human-Faced Tree." Originally a tale from China, where they were written of in a book called Sansai Zue, "A Collection of Pictures of Heaven, Earth, and Man," as well as similar accounts from India and Persia, these peculiar trees were said to have pinkish fruits that looked like human heads, called jinmenshi, or "human-faced child," complete with eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, and that these fruit were prone to fits of laughter. If one of these fruits were to laugh too hard, it was said to fall from the tree and wither away. They were also said to occasionally whisper or talk, which could be rather startling and unsettling indeed to anyone passing by. Interestingly, the fruit was said to have a very pleasant sour-sweet flavor if one were to gather up the nerve to actually bite into one.
According to the Edo period encyclopedia Wakan Sansai Zue, in Japan these trees were found in the south, and that there were some people who planted whole orchards of the bizarre trees with their laughing, smiling fruit. Another account says that there was a whole mysterious island overgrown with the trees somewhere out in the Indian Ocean, from a doctor who claimed to have actually been there.
One very curious account also came from another doctor in Japan, who wrote in his notes quite seriously of coming across a valley where he had found an odd, tropical looking tree the likes of which he had never seen before. As he passed it, he claimed to have heard voices, and when he asked who was there he heard the cryptic response, "We are we." It was then that he noticed that the voices were coming from unusual fruits that had human faces, looked like baby heads, and had eyes that looked right at him. When he asked if someone was behind the tree, the voices answered "We are the tree," which startled the doctor so much that he stumbled back and fell. This sent the fruits into a fit of laughter, and some of them purportedly laughed so hard that they fell from their branches and rolled along the ground while frowning and crying. The Jinmenju is a bizarre tale to be sure, and one wonders just how much of this is based in any sort of reality.
Another mysterious and legendary tree supposedly exists within the frozen wilderness of Tibet, at a Buddhist monastery called Kumbum, which lies among the frigid foothills of the Himalayan Mountains, where a mysterious and mystical tree grows at the bottom of a hill near the monastery. The legendary tree is a sandalwood tree, and from afar seems rather normal, but if one approaches it is said that one can see that the leaves are imprinted with various mystical symbols, letters, figures, and even the face of the Buddha himself, with the whole area infused with a sweet, intoxicating scent.
This sandalwood tree, which has also variously been called the "Golden Tree," "The Mantra Tree," "The Tree of Great Merit," and "The Tree of Ten Thousand Images," is also said to have various powers, such as healing, precognition, and divination, and over the centuries it became a holy place, particularly revered in throughout Tibet and Mongolia. The mysterious tree first became known to outsiders in the 1800s, and one of the first to lay eyes on it was a Lazarist priest by the name of Abbe M. Huc, who made the journey to this faraway land to see it after hearing rumors of its existence while traveling from Peking to Lhasa. Huc made the harrowing trek out to the remote monastery along with fellow priest Joseph Gabet, and they were both highly doubtful that such a legendary tree really existed, but they were in for a surprise. Huc would write of the magnificent tree in his travel journal Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China During the Years 1844-5-6, saying of it:
Yes, this tree does exist, and we had heard of it too often during our journey not to feel somewhat eager to visit it. At the foot of the mountain on which the Lamasery stands, and not far from the principal Buddhist temple, is a great square enclosure, formed by brick walls. Upon entering this we were able to examine at leisure the marvelous tree, some of the branches of which had already manifested themselves above the wall. Our eyes were first directed with eamest curiosity to the leaves, and we were filled with an absolute consternation of astonishment at finding that, in point of fact, there were upon each of the leaves well-formed Thibetan characters, all of a green color, some darker, some lighter than the leaf itself. Our first impression was a suspicion of fraud on the part of the Lamas; but after a minute examination of every detail, we could not discover the least deception. The characters all appeared to us portions of the leaf itself, equally with its veins and nerves. The position was not the same in all; in one leaf they would be at the top of the leaf; in another, in the middle; in a third, at the base, or at the side.,'the younger leaves represented the characters only in a partial state of formation. The bark of the tree and its branches, which resemble that of the plane tree, are also covered with these characters. When you remove a piece of old bark, the young bark under it exhibits the indistinct outlines of characters in a germinating state, and, what is very singular, these new characters are not infrequently different from those which they replace. The tree of the Ten thousand Images seemed to us of great age. Its trunk, which three men could scarcely embrace with outstretched arms, is not more than eight feet high; the branches, instead of shooting up, spread out in the shape of a plume of feathers and are extremely bushy; few of them are dead. The leaves are always green, and the wood, which is of a reddish tint, has an exquisite odour something like cinnamon. The Lamas informed us that in summer towards the eighth moon, the tree produces huge red flowers of an extremely beautiful character. We examined everything with the closest attention, in order to detect some case of trickery, but we could discern nothing of the sort, and the perspiration absolutely trickled down our faces under the influence of the sensations which this most amazing spectacle created. More


Bloab Rotspawned
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Bloab on Bilespurter
Bloab Rotspawned the Lord of the Daemon-Flies [1]
He was first a great mortal champion of a tribe that worshipped the Chaos god Nurgle, however his divine patron was offended by his constant sadistic treatment of small animals and insects. In response the god sent a mass of daemon-flies into the champions cave whne he was slumbering, whilst their thousands of eggs were laid within him and the emerging maggots began to consume his flesh. Hollowed out, the fleshy sack was unable to perish - a painful lesson that was learned well by the champion. Bloab now spreads teeming, pestilent life throughout the Mortal Realms, even granted a Maggoth steed, Bilespurter.[1]
Tornus the Redeemed slew the him during the Realmgate Wars but he arose anew, and it is said as long as the swarm survives, so does he.[1]
Nurgle Rotbringers
Armoury - Artwork - Miniatures


Bagle Bot Removal
The Bagle Bot is a worm that appeared first in 2004 and has had hundreds of iterations. Many of these iterations have engaged in different kinds of malicious activity. It is also known by the names Beagle, Mitgleider and Lodeight. Bagle Bot reaches user systems via malicious websites on the internet. Once downloaded and installed, Bagle Bot proceeds to create its files and modify registry entries. The primary objective of Bagle is to relay spam emails and send them to unsuspecting users. The spam emails themselves depend on the server they are being relayed from. As soon as Bagle Bot is connected to the internet, it downloads an encrypted configuration file which tells it which servers to communicate with. Bagle also connects to a list of predefined servers and sends information of its status and which port on the computer it is listening to.
Once these actions are completed, Bagle proceeds to listen for connections from remote spam servers and to relay the spam emails received from them. This takes up bandwidth and turns the user's computer in to a zombie which could be traced as a hacker's computer, putting the user in trouble. As Bagle bot performs a large amount of unauthorized activity, it is prudent to remove it as soon as you find it on your system.
In order to remove Bagle Bot, it is necessary to stop its process, delete its files and folders and to remove its registry entries. Additionally, genuine antivirus software such as Spyware Doctor with Antivirus can proof to be extremely useful in dealing with this type of malware. However, for manual removal, follow the instructions below in order to completely remove Bagle Bot.
SpyHunter Download
Manual Bagle Bot Removal Guide
The first step in Bagle Bot removal is to stop the following process:
 - wintems.exe
Next, delete the following files and folders:
 - C:\WINDOWS\system32\mdelk.exe
 - C:\WINDOWS\system32\wintems.exe
Finally, it is necessary to remove the following keys and settings from the Windows Registry:
 - HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run german.exe = "C:\WINDOWS\system32\wintems.exe"
 - HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\DateTime4
Once the above steps have been completed, your computer is safe from Bagel bot. However, inexperienced users should not attempt to remove Bagle Bot manually as any mistake made during removal could cause damage to the operating system. Therefore, inexperienced users are advised to use a web-based repair service such as or legitimate antivirus software to safely remove Bagle Bot.
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Oct. 10, 2011 Failure to thrive in childhood is often the result of an underlying organic disease. In the current edition of Deutsches Ärzteblatt International (Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108: 642-9), Walter Nützenadel provides an overview of diagnoses and treatment options.
Symptoms such as insufficient weight and loss of weight caused by a lack of nutrients do not affect children in developing countries alone: they also affect 2% to 24% of patients in pediatric hospitals in developed countries. They can therefore impair not only physical development, but also psychomotor and intellectual maturation and defenses against infection. Because of this, early intervention is recommended.
The severity of malnutrition must be determined in order for suitable treatment to be provided. Accurate diagnosis of the underlying disease is also needed, as failure to thrive is often a symptom of a gastrointestinal or neurological disease. Therapy should focus on treatment of the underlying condition. If malnutrition is severe, nutritional treatment may also be used.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- Walter Nützenadel. Failure to thrive in childhood. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 108(38): 642%u20139 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0642
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Logical Reasoning is a separate section in all MBA entrance exams and you require a special aptitude to clear this section. Logical Reasoning depends on how well one is able to rationalize and reason out the given proposition to justify the conclusion. It does not depend on common sense and in many cases defies common sense.
For instance, a proposition such as
All cats are dogs
No dogs are animals
∴No cats are animals
might not make sense in the common understanding of how things are but is a valid statement in logical reasoning, arising out of the process of deduction.
1. Learn the terminology
Like any other domain, logical reasoning too has its own set of terms that one needs to be acquainted with before attempting the section. Terms such as Premise, Assumption, Conclusion, Argument, Observation, Inference, various types of statements and so on. Familiarising yourself with all this is necessary before you think of mastering this section.
2. An eye for patterns
Aspirants can expect facing patterns that they don't normally see in their daily lives. Such patterns test their logical reasoning skills and, also, how they anticipate and complete these patterns. Aspirants need to train themselves to carefully examine these patterns and through a reasoned guess, find the answer. For instance, questions such as,
Please enter the missing figure: 4, 5, 8, 17, 44,
The correct answer is B because the difference between the numbers follows the series 1,3,9,27,81. Aspirants need to familiarise themselves with such questions and be able to think about the answer as quickly as possible.
There is no substitute for practice when it comes to logical reasoning. Given the dynamic nature of questions that form a part of it, it is difficult to find a set structure to solving such questions. Though, some pattern of solving these questions can be worked out, the level of difficulty may vary from question to question, the trick to be applied to each question may vary. For this, the aspirant has to solve a wide range of questions to feel reasonably confident about this section.
4. Time management
Logical Reasoning is a section that can exhaust the time of the aspirant very quickly as it requires application of mind. So, speed is crucial. The aspirant should be able to finish a question in this section without wasting much time. For this, the preparation of the aspirant needs to be excellent and while preparing, the aspirant ought to keep a check on the speed at which he/ she is solving questions and adjust accordingly.
5. Train your mind
Logical Reasoning is a mental process and needs the mind to be at its sharpest best. For this, the aspirants need to work on their mental skills before the exam and make it a habit. Activities such as solving Sudoku, crosswords, playing chess, eating well, sleeping well and exercise are some of the activities which help in sharpening the mind. A sharp mind will decode the patterns and structures of the questions more accurately and speedily.
Logical Reasoning is not difficult to do if you get used to solving these questions. A methodical approach towards such questions will enable you to handle them effectively.
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text:
Screen production and the environmentA major part of the screen production industry relies on the beauty and imagery of dramatic unspoilt natural landscapes. If these landscapes are not protected and cared for, the screen production industry will lose the stunning backdrops for its productions. It is vital that these images relate to reality.
Many of the negative environmental impacts associated with the screen production industry relate to location filming and how production companies treat sites. In many countries, including New Zealand, environmental regulators and/or local authorities have implemented regulations for productions using sites protected for their environmental, historical or cultural importance.
However, negative environmental impacts are not restricted to filming on location. Studio operations also have their own environmental impacts, eg greenhouse gas emissions, even though there may be fewer environmental compliance issues than when filming on location. Often it will be up to the production company to introduce voluntary measures for improving the management of the environmental impacts for studio productions.
The screen production industry has a particular dependency on technical equipment, media and information technology. These have associated environmental impacts but also have the potential to provide and promote solutions to environmental problems.
The availability of film and television to audiences has grown tremendously over the past 50 years. Although entertainment is the main purpose for most films and programmes, screen production has the potential to profoundly influence the attitudes, beliefs and behaviours of audiences in their day-to-day lives. Convincing and effective portrayal of environmental and social issues through film and television plays an important role in raising public awareness especially in educational programmes and campaigns of governmental and non-governmental organisations.
Just as the screen industry and broadcast media have been used to promote social change, with respect to the dangers of smoking and drink-driving, better public awareness of environmental issues will lead to positive changes in people's behaviour. It may mean that someone who has never recycled may begin to do so, or somebody else may decide to take the bus instead of the car or purchase 'environmentally friendly' products.


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As well known, we can prove Poincare duality in terms of morse theory. (By comparing two chain complexes obtained from two morse functions, $f\colon M\to \mathbb{R}$,$-f\colon M\to \mathbb{R}$ for smooth closed manifold $M$)
Of course, I can prove Alexander duality theorem by using usual Lefschetz-Poincare duality theorem and some excision arguments.
But, I want to prove Alexander duality theorem by using a morse function defined on $S^{n}-X$, for a submanifold $X$ of $S^n$.
Are there any references or proofs about this?
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1 Answer 1
There are various versions of stratified Morse theory out there, the granddaddy being the Goresky-Macpherson work. But for these purposes you're fine just using Morse theory on manifolds with boundary, which is a straightforward generalization of plain old Morse theory. In this setting you get Alexander duality "seen" at the chain-complex level in some sense, kind of analogous to Poincare's proof using dual cell decompositions to a triangulation, of the Morse theory/handle proof you refer to.
It's a little different though. The idea is to take the standard height function on $S^n$, and to perturb it so that it restricts to a Morse function on $M \subset S^n$, and on the boundary of a smooth tubular neighbourhood to $M$. Critical points to the height function, restricted to $M$ split into two kinds -- the kinds that contribute cells to the decomposition of the tubular neighbourhood, and the kinds that contribute to the decomposition of the complement. So a $k$-cell for $M$ corresponds to a $(n-k-1)$-cell for the complement. And so on.
I can say more later.
edit: The key idea is that if a function $f : S^n \to \mathbb R$ is morse on a submanifold $M \subset S^n$, then on the boundary of a small tubular neighbourhood of $M$, it's also Morse. Moreover, critical points of $f$ on $M$ correspond to opposite pairs of critical points on the boundary of the tubular neighbourhood (one over the other, in pairs). Think of Milnor's Morse Theory example of a torus in $\mathbb R^3$, but now think of the torus as the boundary of a tubular neighbourhood of a circle. In stratified Morse theory, the critical points of $f$ on the boundary of the tubular neighbourhood break up into two types of cell attachments: (1) cells for the tubular neighbourood, and (2) cells for the complement. The way you can tell (1) and (2) apart, is that the "down" direction pointing outwards for which ever object the cell is contributing to. This is because in stratified Morse theory you modify the flow so that it stays in your manifold with boundary. If the vector field is orthogonal to the boundary and pointing outwards, there's no natural way to modify the flow, so you get a cell. On the other hand if it points inwards, you certainly can.
So if $M \subset S^n$ is a closed submanifold, let $\nu M$ be a compact tubular neighbourhood of $M$. Let $p \in M$ be a critical point of $f$ that contributes a cell of dimension $i$ to $M$ using the downwards flowline. There are two critical points to $f$ above in $\pi^{-1}(p)$ where $\pi : \partial \nu M \to M$ is bundle projection. The "top" critical point contributes an $(n-m-1+i)$-cell to $\partial \nu M$, also to $\overline{S^n \setminus \nu M}$. The "bottom" point contributes an $i$-cell to $\partial \nu M$, also to $\nu M$.
So if for the purpose of generating $M$'s CW-decomposition we use the upward flowlines, then at a critical point corresponding to an $m-i$ cell on $M$, we have an $n-1-(m-i)$ cell attachment for $\overline{S^n \setminus \nu M}$ using the downward flowlines for $f$. These cells are not only complementary dimensional in the Alexander duality sense, but you can write out very explicitly the bounding cells that intersect in a single point.
I hope that helps. It's best to draw a picture and keep track of the dimensions in a few examples before trying the general picture.
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_USER_: Could you say a little more? And perhaps about how the flowlines are behaving. Thanks! – Chris Gerig Jul 2 '12 at 16:51
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This article explores the seminal United States Supreme Court decision of United States v. Smith (1820). Smith, an early piracy case, has influenced developments in both domestic and international law on piracy, universal jurisdiction, and a range of broader themes. This article is the first to explore the context within which the case arose, as well as the circumstances of the case itself. In addition to the details of the case, the story of the men prosecuted for their cruise aboard the vessel known as the Irresistible in the late spring and early summer of 1819 also offers a window into important issues of the day, including growing federal assertions of power over the states, the roles of Congress and the courts in defining and punishing piracy under the Constitution, theories of punishment, and the power of the press.
Wednesday, March 20, 2013
Samuels on America's Most Important Piracy Case
Posted by Dan Ernst
Joel H. Samuels, University of South Carolina School of Law, has posted The Full Story of United States v. Smith, America's Most Important Piracy Case, which was published in Penn State Journal of Law and International Affairs 1 (2012): 320-62. Here is the abstract:


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phrase(redirected from a turn of phrase)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Idioms.
the basic unit of speech. Corresponding to the sentence as a basic unit of language, the phrase is a syntactic and phonetic entity with syntactic structure, semantic completeness, and intonational markers. Phrase boundaries are indicated by pauses and by specific intonational features that indicate the end of the phrase. For example, in Russian there is a lowering of tone on the final syllable of a phrase. Phrases are divided into syntagms, which in turn consist of phonetic words and syllables. The laws of the phrase's sandhi, that is, of the phonetic boundaries of the phrase's components, function within the phrase. An example is liaison in French—a type of consonant alternation.
The concept of the phrase is sometimes synonymous with that of the sentence. The term "phrase" is occasionally used to designate any phonetic and syntactic entity between two pauses.


text:
Gas Turbine Theory Hardback
In recent years the gas turbine, in combination with the steam turbine, has played an ever-increasing role in power generation. Despite the rapid advances in both output and efficiency, the basic theory of the gas turbine has remained unchanged.
The layout of this new edition is broadly similar to the original, but greatly expanded and updated, comprising an outline of the basic theory, aerodynamic design of individual components, and the prediction of off-design performance.
The addition of a chapter devoted to the mechanical design of gas turbines greatly enhances the scope of the book.
- Format: Hardback
- Pages: 608 pages, Illustrations
- Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
- Publication Date: 28/09/2008
- Category: Engines & power transmission
- ISBN: 9780132224376


The Harvard Goals survey. | Tony Brassington
The Harvard Goals survey.
The Harvard Goals survey. (As it has become known) The details vary a little depending on who is describing it, but it more or less goes like this – In 1952 or 1953 at Harvard university, although some tell it as Yale university, a detailed and comprehensive survey was conducted of the Harvard seniors leaving that year. This survey asks questions about the student's time in education, their background, beliefs, attitudes and plans for the future, as I said a detailed and comprehensive survey. About half way through this survey we get to the question, have you set goals? And 10% said that they had. Then the next question, if you have set goals, have you written them down? To this question only 3% had written their Goals down.
Twenty years later, it was decided to contact all the students that took part in the original survey twenty years before and get them to take part in another survey about their lives now. So they tried to contact as many of the students as they could, many were spread all around the world by then and one or two had died. They managed to complete the task. And then looked at the two surveys and made comparisons between the two surveys. When they looked at the two questions on goals, the 10% that had set goals had all reached them, but the really striking thing was the 3% that had set goals and written them down were worth more financially then all the rest of the 97% combined.
There are two conclusions to be draw from thisfirst, it is very important to write your goals down. Second, in some way whether they know it or not, the 97% are actually helping the 3% to get what they want.
I doubt that you will ever find a copy of this survey; many have tried to find it and not succeeded. Negative people ridicule this survey and in doing so they gain nothing from it, but a positive person that is truly trying to achieve a goal, a person that is truly free within themselves to reach that goal, will look at the message that the "Harvard Goal Survey" is clearly trying to make –
To reach a goal, write it down!
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text:
An optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens or mirror, which alters the way in which the optic reflects and transmits light. One type of optical coating is an antireflection coating, which reduces unwanted reflections from surfaces, and is commonly used on spectacle and photographic lenses. Another type is the high-reflector coating which can be used to produce mirrors which reflect greater than 99.99% of the light which falls on them. More complex optical coatings exhibit high reflection over some range of wavelengths, and anti-reflection over another range, allowing the production of dichroic thin-film optical filters.
Types of coating
The simplest optical coatings are thin layers of metals, such as aluminium, which are deposited on glass substrates to make mirror surfaces, a process known as silvering. The metal used determines the reflection characteristics of the mirror; aluminium is the cheapest and most common coating, and yields a reflectivity of around 88%-92% over the visible spectrum. More expensive is silver, which has a reflectivity of 95%-99% even into the far infrared, but suffers from decreasing reflectivity (<90%) in the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions. Most expensive is gold, which gives excellent (98%-99%) reflectivity throughout the infrared, but limited reflectivity at wavelengths shorter than 550 nm, resulting in the typical gold colour.
By controlling the thickness and density of metal coatings, it is possible to decrease the reflectivity and increase the transmission of the surface, resulting in a half-silvered mirror. These are sometimes used as "one-way mirrors".
The other major type of optical coating is the dielectric coating (i.e. using materials with a different refractive index to the substrate). These are constructed from thin layers of materials such as magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, and various metal oxides, which are deposited onto the optical substrate. By careful choice of the exact composition, thickness, and number of these layers, it is possible to tailor the reflectivity and transmitivity of the coating to produce almost any desired characteristic. Reflection coefficients of surfaces can be reduced to less than 0.2%, producing an antireflection (AR) coating. Conversely, the reflectivity can be increased to greater than 99.99%, producing a high-reflector (HR) coating. The level of reflectivity can also be tuned to any particular value, for instance to produce a mirror that reflects 90% and transmits 10% of the light that falls on it, over some range of wavelengths. Such mirrors are often used as beamsplitters, and as output couplers in lasers. Alternatively, the coating can be designed such that the mirror reflects light only in a narrow band of wavelengths, producing an optical filter.
The versatility of dielectric coatings leads to their use in many scientific optical instruments (such as lasers, optical microscopes, refracting telescopes, and interferometers) as well as consumer devices such as binoculars, spectacles, and photographic lenses.
Dielectric layers are sometimes applied over top of metal films, either to provide a protective layer (as in silicon dioxide over aluminium), or to enhance the reflectivity of the metal film. Metal and dielectric combinations are also used to make advanced coatings that cannot be made any other way. One example is the so-called "perfect mirror", which exhibits high (but not perfect) reflection, with unusually low sensitivity to wavelength, angle, and polarization.
Antireflection coatings are used to reduce reflection from surfaces. Whenever a ray of light moves from one medium to another (such as when light enters a sheet of glass after travelling through air), some portion of the light is reflected from the surface (known as the interface) between the two media.
A number of different effects are used to reduce reflection. The simplest is to use a thin layer of material at the interface, with an index of refraction between those of the two media. The reflection is minimized when
where is the index of the thin layer, and and are the indices of the two media. The optimum refractive indices for multiple coating layers at angles of incidence other than 0° is given by Moreno et al. (2005).
Such coatings can reduce the reflection for ordinary glass from about 4% per surface to around 2%. These were the first type of antireflection coating known, having been discovered by Lord Rayleigh in 1886. He found that old, slightly tarnished pieces of glass transmitted more light than new, clean pieces due to this effect.
Practical antireflection coatings rely on an intermediate layer not only for its direct reduction of reflection coefficient, but also use the interference effect of a thin layer. If the layer's thickness is controlled precisely such that it is exactly one-quarter of the wavelength of the light (a quarter-wave coating), the reflections from the front and back sides of the thin layer will destructively interfere and cancel each other.
In practice, the performance of a simple one-layer interference coating is limited by the fact that the reflections only exactly cancel for one wavelength of light at one angle, and by difficulties finding suitable materials. For ordinary glass (n≈1.5), the optimum coating index is n≈1.23. Few useful substances have the required refractive index. Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is often used, since it is hard-wearing and can be easily applied to substrates using physical vapour deposition, even though its index is higher than desirable (n=1.38). With such coatings, reflection as low as 1% can be achieved on common glass, and better results can be obtained on higher index media.
Further reduction is possible by using multiple coating layers, designed such that reflections from the surfaces undergo maximum destructive interference. By using two or more layers, broadband antireflection coatings which cover the visible range (400-700 nm) with maximum reflectivities of less than 0.5% are commonly achievable. Reflection in narrower wavelength bands can be as low as 0.1%. Alternatively, a series of layers with small differences in refractive index can be used to create a broadband antireflective coating by means of a refractive index gradient.
High-reflection (HR) coatings work the opposite way to antireflection coatings. The general idea is usually based on the periodic layer system composed from two materials, one with a high index, such as zinc sulfide (n=2.32) or titanium dioxide (n=2.4) and low index material, such as magnesium fluoride (n=1.38) or silicon dioxide (n=1.49). This periodic system significantly enhances the reflectivity of the surface in the certain wavelength range called band-stop, whose width is determined by the ratio of the two used indices only (for quarter-wave system), while the maximum reflectivity is increasing nearly up to 100% with a number of layers in the stack. The thicknesses of the layers are generally quarter-wave (then they yield to the broadest high reflection band in compare to the non-quarter-wave systems composed from the same materials), this time designed such that reflected beams constructively interfere with one another to maximize reflection and minimize transmission. The best of these coatings built-up from deposited dielectric lossless materials on the perfect smooth surfaces can reach reflectivities greater than 99.999% (over a fairly narrow range of wavelengths). Common HR coatings can achieve 99.9% reflectivity over a broad wavelength range (tens of nanometers in the visible spectrum range).
As for AR coatings, HR coatings are affected by the incidence angle of the light. When used away from normal incidence, the reflective range shifts to shorter wavelengths, and becomes polarization dependent. This effect can be exploited to produce coatings that polarize a light beam.
By manipulating the exact thickness and composition of the layers in the reflective stack, the reflection characteristics can be tuned to a particular application, and may incorporate both high-reflective and anti-reflective wavelength regions. The coating can be designed as a longor short-pass filter, a bandpass or notch filter, or a mirror with a specific reflectivity (useful in lasers). For example, the dichroic prism assembly used in some cameras requires two dielectric coatings, one long-wavelength pass filter reflecting light below 500 nm (to separate the blue component of the light), and one short-pass filter to reflect red light, above 600 nm wavelength. The remaining transmitted light is the green component.
Extreme ultraviolet coatings
In the EUV portion of the spectrum (wavelengths shorter than about 30 nm) nearly all materials absorb strongly, making it difficult to focus or otherwise manipulate light in this wavelength range. Telescopes such as TRACE or EIT that form images with EUV light use multilayer mirrors that are constructed of hundreds of alternating layers of a high-mass metal such as molybdenum or tungsten, and a low-mass spacer such as silicon, vacuum deposited onto a substrate such as glass. Each layer pair is designed to have a thickness equal to half the wavelength of light to be reflected. Constructive interference between scattered light from each layer causes the mirror to reflect EUV light of the desired wavelength as would a normal metal mirror in visible light. Using multilayer optics it is possible to reflect up to 70% of incident EUV light (at a particular wavelength chosen when the mirror is constructed).
Transparent conductive coatings
Transparent conductive coatings are used in applications where it is important that the coating conduct electricity or dissipate static charge. Conductive coatings are used to protect the aperture from electromagnetic Interference, while dissipative coatings are used to prevent the build-up of static electricity. Transparent conductive coatings are also used extensively to provide electrodes in situations where


How to mirror screen from Android Device to PC, TV and Mac?
 1. Network connection：
First make sure that Android Smart TV, Android TV Box, PC are connected to the same WiFi with mobile phone. (WiFi in 5G band is the best choice)
 1. Install 1001 TVs
You need to install 1001TVs on both of the devices you want to mirror or mirror to.
The installation method please consult the Installation Guide.
 1. Mirror screen
There are two ways to start mirroring:
 - Scan QR code
You can choose scan QR code entrance1 or 2.The first time scanning QR code requires authorization of the camera.
Once scanning code succeed, you can start screen mirroring.
2) Select nearby equipments
Normally, it will automatically display all smart TV, TV box and PC that open "1001 TVs" in the same LAN.
Selecting one device will start mirror screen to it.
Note: The device needs to launch 1001 TVs. Click the refresh button to reload device.
Before mirror screen, you need to grant notification permission to view status in the notification bar.
This function can be used in various scenes, such as demo in mobile phone and mirror phone's screen to big screen in conference, mirror screen while playing mobile game to live, read e-books in bigger screen and so on.
3) Mirror screen to web browser
Tap the [Mirror To Browser] in the Toolbox.
Enter the displayed URL in your web browser to mirror screen! (Recommended to use Chrome browser~)
 1. Settings
 1) Change the screen resolution (You can change resolution on mobile phone, computer, and TV to meet different customer requirement.)
 If screen mirroring always get stuck, try reducing the resolution.
 In phone, there is resolution setting in the screen after mirroring screen succeed.
 PC: Top left setting menu –> Picture quality
 TV/Box Side: Press Menu key of Remote Control–>Screening Quality.
2) Change the screen settings (The delay may occur during the screen mirroring process, the resolution is not high, etc., you can improve the screen quality by changing the screen settings)
Screen capture mode: Automatic selection in default, you can turn on the setting to change to codec mode or picture mode.
Floating Window: The mirroring maybe disconnected unexpectedly when [Floating Window] option is disabled, please allow the permission.
Ignore battery optimization: Screen mirroring may be interrupted when battery optimization is on. It is recommended to enable this option.
 1. Notes:
 - There is no sound in target device when mirror screen. It is recommended that the phone is connected to a Bluetooth speaker or Bluetooth headset.
 - The mobile version supports Android 6.0 or above, and TV version supports Android 4.2.2 or higher.
 - Try to connect WiFi in 5G band, the screen will be more stable and the delay will be less.


text:
First Vein Grown From Human Stem Cells Transplanted
The first vein grown from a patient's own stem cells was successfully transplanted into a 10-year-old girl, potentially offering a way for those lacking healthy veins to undergo dialysis or heart bypass surgery.
A team led by Michael Olausson of the University of Gothenburg took a 9-centimeter (3.5-inch) segment of vein from a human donor and removed all living cells, the Swedish researchers wrote in a study in The Lancet medical journal today. The resulting protein scaffolding was injected with stem cells from the girl's bone marrow, and two weeks later was implanted in the patient, who had a blockage in the vein that carries blood from the spleen and intestines to the liver.
The result points to what may be a safer source of stem cells, the building blocks of life which can grow into any type of tissue in the body. Using cells from the patient may limit the risk that the immune system would attack the transplant, which can occur with tissue taken from healthy people and given to the sick. The girl hasn't developed signs of rejection, even without taking drugs to suppress her immune system, the researchers said.
The successful procedure "establishes the feasibility and safety of a novel paradigm for treatment," the researchers wrote in the study. "Our work opens interesting new areas of research, including trying to reproduce arteries for surgical use in patients."
The recipient had no complications from the operation, and a year later, has grown 6 centimeters and gained 5 kilograms (11 pounds) in weight.
"Olausson and colleagues' report suggests that tissueengineered vascular grafts are promising, but one-off experiences such as the procedure they describe need to be converted into full clinical trials in key target populations," Martin Birchall and George Hamilton, professors at the University College London, wrote in a commentary accompanying the Lancet publication.
The study was funded by the Swedish government.
To contact the reporter on this story: Makiko Kitamura in London at _EMAIL_
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Phil Serafino at _EMAIL_


NEWTON, Ask A Scientist!
Name: Paula B.
Status: educator
Age: 50s
Location: N/A
Country: N/A
Date: 2/23/2004
Why does BH3 exist when the boron only has 6 electrons surrounding the nucleus? I know that it is trigonal planar and that it readily form B2H6 (which also puzzles me with the number of electrons surrounding each B nuclei).
The bonding in boranes (boron-hydrogen) compounds is non-traditional. The atomic number of boron is 5 so the electrons are 1s2, 2s2, 2p1. To form BH3 (a fact) one invokes electron "promotion" to an electron configuration of 1s2, 2s1, 2px1, 2py1 and an empty 2pz0, followed by rehybridization to give 3 equivalent B-H bonds. The same thing is done in the case of carbon, and it sounds a little "hokey", but it is allowed by the rules of quantum mechanics. It is true that BH3 forms a dimer B2H6 (fact). It is also true that the molecular structure is the two boron atoms bridged by two hydrogen atoms and four terminal hydrogens (two on each boron atom) [fact]. These weird behaving bonds are called "electron deficient" bonds for the reasons that puzzle you. The data are not in question. The chemist then has to "pick up the pieces" and formulate a bonding scheme that "explains" the experimental data. If you consult a text on borane chemistry you will find it full of strange chemistry as measured by the usual "octet" rules, but that is the data, and we have to try to make some semblance of sense out of it.
Vince Calder
Hi PaulaFrom your question, I cannot quite tell what you would expect instead of BH3. No stable hydride? BH5 to finish a Lewis shell of 8 outer electrons?
Boron makes BH3 for the same reason Be makes BeH2 an Li makes LiH: it can only make one bond for each outer electron it starts with. The first 2 of boron's 5 electrons are used up being inner-shell electrons, leaving only 3 to make covalent or ionic bonds.
The metals in Boron's column of the periodic table (Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) are generally trivalent, so BH3 is very traditionally understandable. Aluminum should make AlH3, too. That's not quite stable, but in combination: AlH3 + LiH = LiAlH4 Lithium Aluminum Hydride, a stable compound.
Boron by itself has 5 electrons: H=1, He=2, Li=3, Be=4, B=5. Of Boron's five electrons, the first two are paired with each other and sunk into a lowerenergy shell close in by the nucleus. They are not available to make bonds with other atoms. They make up the inert "helium-like core" of the boron atom or the Boron +3 ion, around which the remaining three electrons can play chemical bonding games.
When boron has its 3 hydrogens (or three chlorines in BCl3), then it is charge-neutral. It has made as many "equal-partners" bonds as it can. Then there are two electrons in the inner shell, and six electrons using the valence (outer) shell.
But by quantum-mechanical rules, there is orbital room in the valence shell for two more electrons. If there are to be any electrons there, both must be donated from another atom. This happens, but it is a lot weaker than an equal-partners covalent bond. It is called a coordination-bond. The resulting compound is called an adduct. Imagine two molecules sort of half-glued together, one with an exposed lone pair of electrons, like NH3, the other like BH3 with a missing pair, a Lewis vacancy. BH3:NH3 is an adduct. Actually, BCl3:NH3 sticks together better.
. Cl H .
. \ / .
. Cl-B :N-H .
. / \ .
. Cl H .
The electrons in the coordination bond mostly stay with the donating atom, and spend less than 50% of their time on the boron side of the bond. This action give boron a completed Lewis shell of 8 electrons, but weakly so.
BCL3, and to lesser extent BH3, are called "Lewis acids", because if the donor is one of the dangling pairs of the oxygen in H2O, then one of the hydrogens is partially freed up, making the water solution acidic: BCl3 + H2O <--> BCL3OH- + H+.
BH5 is not a stable compound because the H2 molecule does not have enough electron-donating power to make a coordination-bond with BH3.
(B2H6, though, is very un-traditional in structure.
. H H H.
. \ * / .
. B B .
. / * \ .
. H H H.
Those two middle H's actually have "bridge-bonds", a single bond bridging three instead of two atoms, even though each bridge-bond only contains two electrons. )
Jim Swenson
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Let $(X, \|\cdot\|)$ be an Banach space. Assume that a sequence $f_n \rightarrow f$ weakly in $X$, and $\|f_n\| \rightarrow \|f\|$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. It's known that if $X$ is a uniformly convex Banach space, then we have $f_n \rightarrow f$ strongly in $X$. Is this true for an reflexive Banach space?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
I take it "strongly" means "in norm"? No, this can fail for reflexive Banach spaces.
For a counterexample, let $X$ be the $l^\infty$ direct sum of ${\bf R}$ and $l^2$. (I'm doing this for real Banach spaces, but the same counterexample works in the complex case too.) Thus a typical element of $X$ looks like $(a,f)$ where $a \in {\bf R}$ and $f \in l^2$, and its norm is ${\rm max}(|a|, \|f\|_2)$. Since $X$ is a direct sum of two reflexive spaces, it is reflexive. Now consider the sequence $(1, e_n)$ where $(e_n)$ is the standard basis of $l^2$. It's easy enough to check that this sequence converges weakly, but not in norm, to $(1,0)$.
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Yes, it is, thanks for your nice example. – Wang Ming May 5 '12 at 12:14
Just to add to Nik answer, reflexivity is invariant to equivalent renormings (topologic property), while uniform convexity is not, it depends on the geometry of the norm (geometric property). The hypotheses that $||f_n||\to||f||$ is also a geometric property, and the conclusion that $f_n\to f$ is again topologic. This should give you the intuition, before any concrete counter-example, that the property shouldn't hold under the assumption of reflexivity, or any other topologic property for that matter. – Adi Tcaciuc May 9 '12 at 17:49
Your Answer


text:
Physicists demonstrate the acceleration of electrons by a laser in a vacuum
By UCLA Newsroom February 27, 2013 Category: Research
Accelerating a free electron with a laser has been a longtime goal of solid-state physicists.
David Cline, a distinguished professor in the UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Xiaoping Ding, an assistant researcher at UCLA, have conducted research at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York and have established that an electron beam can be accelerated by a laser in free space.
This has never been done before at high energies and represents a significant breakthrough, Cline said, adding that it also may have implications for fusion as a new energy source.
In free space, a plane-wave laser is unable to accelerate an electron, according to the Lawson–Woodward theorem, posited in 1979. However, Yu-kun Ho, a professor at China's Fudan University in Shanghai, and his research group have proposed a concept of what physicists refer to as the capture–acceleration scenario to show that an electron can be accelerated by a tightly focused laser in a vacuum.
In the capture–acceleration scenario, the diffraction from a tightly focused laser changes not only the intensity distribution of the laser but also its phase distribution, which results in the field phase velocity being lower than the speed of light in a vacuum in some areas.
Thus, a channel that overlaps features of both strong longitudinal electric field and low–laser-phase velocity is created, and electrons can receive energy gain from the laser. The acceleration effect increases along with increasing laser intensity, Cline said. This channel for electrons may be useful for other scientific endeavors, such as guiding an electron beam into a specific region of laser fusion applications, he said.
A possible application of this discovery is the use of laser plasma fusion to provide a new energy source for the U.S. and other countries. The focus of the laser generates a natural channel that can capture electrons and drive them into a pellet that explodes, by fusion, to produce excess energy, Cline said.
With federal funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, a project to carry out a proof-of-principle beam test for the novel vacuum acceleration at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Accelerator Test Facility (BNL-ATF) has been proposed and approved — a collaboration among the UCLA Center for Advanced Accelerators, of which Cline is principal investigator, Ho's group and the Accelerator Test Facility team.
BNL-ATF is one of the few facilities that can provide both a high-quality electron beam and a high-intensity laser beam for the beam test, Cline said. Ho's group provides theoretical support. UCLA scientists — Cline, Ding and Lei Shao, a former UCLA physics graduate student of Cline's — are responsible for the whole experiment and the experimental data analysis.
Simulation research work and hardware design have been done in accordance with BNL-ATF's experimental conditions. The simulation results predict that vacuum laser acceleration phenomena can be observed with ATF's diagnostic system.
Cline, Ding, Ho and their colleagues published two papers last month on this research: "Simulation Prediction and Experiment Setup of Vacuum Laser Acceleration at Brookhaven National Lab-Accelerator Test Facility," in the journal Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, and the discovery paper "First Observation of Acceleration of Electrons by a Laser in a Vacuum," in the Journal of Modern Physics.
The major result of the experiment is to show the increase of beam energy caused by the laser, as illustrated in the attached graph of data collected from the spectrometer on beam line No. 1 at BNL-ATF. Each row of two frames represents one snapshot-pair of "laser on" (right side) and "laser off" (left side) with unchanged configuration. One can see a clear increase from these pictures, proof that the laser accelerates the 20 mega-electron-volts electron beam in vacuum. The length of the beam image reveals the energy spread of the beam. The experiment recorded 30 shots. Twenty shots were high-intensity and showed effects of the laser on/laser off difference. Four shot examples are shown in the graph.
UCLA 'Higgs factory' workshop: March 21–23
The UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy will sponsor a workshop from March 21 to 23 on the Higgs boson and the development of a Higgs factory muon collider. Topics at the workshop will include the latest results from the Large Hadron Collider and the importance of the Higgs boson particle. For more information, visit _URL_
"The discovery of the Higgs boson last July 4 is one of the greatest discoveries of all time and a key to understanding the universe," Cline said. "However, in order to study this in detail, a new source must be built to produce hundreds of thousands of Higgs particles per year and to study the detailed properties that could tell us more about the origin of this particle and other new physics. This UCLA workshop will discuss 'Higgs factories.' We expect experts in accelerator physics, cosmology and particle physics to attend. With interest building after the discovery of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson, doors are opening to a new range of questions and discussions."
UCLA is California's largest university, with an enrollment of more than 40,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The UCLA College of Letters and Science and the university's 11 professional schools feature renowned faculty and offer 337 degree programs and majors. UCLA is a national and international leader in the breadth and quality of its academic, research, health care, cultural, continuing education and athletic programs. Six alumni and six faculty have been awarded the Nobel Prize.


text:
Revista chilena de historia natural
versión impresa ISSN 0716-078X
MORALES, MARIANO S. et al. Potential of Prosopis ferox Griseb (Leguminosae, subfamily: Mimosoideae) for dendrochronological studies in high-montane subtropical deserts. Rev. chil. hist. nat. [online]. 2001, vol.74, n.4, pp. 865-872. ISSN 0716-078X. doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2001000400013.
Due to the scarcity of species with annual tree rings, the use of dendrochronological techniques has received little attention in tropical and subtropical montane dry areas. In this study, we assess the dendrochronological potential of Prosopis ferox, "churqui", through the analysis of its wood anatomy and the relationships between climate and tree growth variations from trees collected at 3,500 m, in the Humahuaca valley (23°13' S, 62°20' W), Jujuy province, Argentina. Microscopic observations show that annual rings are clearly defined by a relatively lighter parenchyma belt formed at the end of the annual band. Comparisons between the standardized ring-width chronology and the instrumental records from La Quiaca (22º 06'S, 65º36'W) indicated that above-average rainfall and below-average temperature during summer (i.e., December to March) favor tree growth. This can be interpreted as a positive relationship between radial growth and abundant soil water content during the growing season. The chronology shown here represents not only the first dendrocronological record from P. ferox, but also the first tree-ring chronology for the Prepuna biogeographic province. The well-defined annual rings, the strong relationship between growth and climatic variables, the large range of distribution across northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia (20° to 25° S), and the longevity observed in some individuals (c. 500 years), indicate that P. ferox is a very promising species for dendroclimatological and dendroecological studies in subtropical montane ecosystems
Palabras clave : dendrochronology; Prosopis ferox; subtropical montane deserts; Prepuna.


text:
This thesis develops a framework for enhancing current financial reporting of intangibles related information in knowledge intensive industries informed by the particular needs and requirements of the users of such reports.
Four financial statements user groups (investment fund managers, CFOs of companies, credit institutions and auditors) were interviewed to obtain an understanding of their views of the usefulness of current financial statements. Following these initial interviews, questionnaires were sent out and related interviews conducted to identify factors that would be useful for improving current financial reporting practice related to intangibles. These factors were used to build a new intangibles disclosure framework or 'model'. This new 'model' was then validated with financial statements users and a representative of an accounting standards setter1 in respect of its acceptability and usefulness.
This study also explored the question of appropriate methodology for examining and developing financial accounting theory. Financial accounting research is currently undertaken in the two different fields of normative and positive accounting theory. Both have different views on what is deemed as commonly acceptable research methodologies to contribute to current knowledge. Unfortunately, neither field supports the development of financial accounting standards based on qualitative empirical research methodologies founded on the views of users of such financial accounting standards. This thesis provides evidence for the need to establish a new branch of financial accounting research: conditional-normative accounting research. In addition, this thesis also provides a process by which this new branch of financial accounting research can be operationalised.
This thesis contributes to the current knowledge in three ways:
It proposes a new user-based intangibles disclosure framework model for knowledge intensive industries which was developed and validated based on qualitative empirical research methodology.
It contributes to the establishment of a new branch of financial accounting theory which is referred to by Mattessich (1995) as conditional-normative accounting theory. The latter consists of financial accounting norms and policy recommendations developed through the application of qualitative empirical research methodologies.
It provides a process by which the concept of conditional-normative accounting theory can be operationalised in research practice.
|Date of Award||2017|
Intangibles disclosure: A user-based approach to enhanced external financial reporting
Muehlenbrock, S. (Author). 2017
Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis


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How to say appraiser and appraisal in Spanish?
I work as an appraiser in areas with a lot of Spanish speakers. I have looked up appraiser in a dictionary and it shows "el tasador". Is this commonly understood? I have never heard it in the field. For appraisal I usually use "valuación". Thanks for your help.
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 Appraiser = is the person who calculated a value the price or the rate, to a house or something.
 Appraiser = evaluador, valuador o tasador
 Appraisal = valorización, estimación, apreciación, tasación, evaluación
 In Spain I would say "tasador" and "tasación".
 We had a so big housing bubble, that everyone can understand these two words.
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Title: Supervisor Plant II
Requisition Id: 8711
Job Function: Plant/Processing Operations
Career Area: Operations
Work Location: Lakeland, FL - Autoclave
Position Purpose:
Establish, monitor, and maintain a high level of productivity and efficiencies on each of the operating shifts at the plant. Monitors and maintains regulatory and safety compliance as we strive for maximum production.
Key Job Activities:
1) Ensure all plant personnel perform their tasks safely while utilizing all PPE and other safety equipment at all times.
2) Maintain regulatory compliance within the plant and plant yard. Maintain and manage plant processing supplies consisting of PPE, uniforms, cleaning material, processing chemicals, etc., to ensure that adequate inventories are always available.
3) Ensure the plant employees and shift supervisors maintain productivity standards in all phases of their operations. Review shift productivity to identify maximum efficiencies and operational opportunities.
4) Initiate actions to assure timely resolution of identified hazards or unsafe conditions or practices.
5) Train all new plant and temp personnel and provide monthly training of all current plant personnel, as required or requested, including safety and compliance.
6) Maintain a high level of customer satisfaction, either internally or externally. Coordinate customer needs by adhering to a defined processing schedule.
7) Interface proactively with personnel to achieve business goals.
8) Periodic facility audits, review of all applicable regulatory paperwork, e.g., biological testing, WW testing, etc.).
9) Monitor daily performance of plant employees, directly or within guidance, providing feedback (including growth opportunities). Influence hiring and firing decisions and disciplinary procedures. Assist in resolving plant problems and issues between sales, drivers, and plant/maintenance employees.
10) Maintain overall cost control of the plant.
Required Education: in Associates or Equivalent
Experience (North America & LATAM):
Experience (EMEAA):
Certifications and/or Licenses:
Stericycle currently offers its employees the option to participate in a full range of benefits, including a health care program which includes medical, dental, vision and prescription coverage, healthcare and dependent care flexible spending accounts, life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance, an employee assistance program, tuition reimbursement, paid vacation and sick time, a 401(k) plan, and an employee stock purchase plan. Participation in some programs requires that employees be regularly scheduled to work a minimum number of hours and/or to have fulfilled a waiting period after they begin employment with Stericycle.
The above description is meant to provide a summary of the nature and level of work being performed; it should not be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties and requirements of the job or person. This document does not create an employment contract, implied or otherwise. Stericycle will consider requests for workplace accommodations for protected physical or mental limitations in accordance with its human resources policies and local laws.To the extent permissible under local law, and consistent with business necessity, Stericycle reserves the right to modify the content formally or informally, either verbally or in writing, at any time with or without advance notice.


text:
Latitude And Rain Dictated Where Species Lived
More than 200 million years ago, mammals and reptiles lived in their own separate worlds on the supercontinent Pangaea, despite little geographical incentive to do so. Mammals lived in areas of twice-yearly seasonal rainfall; reptiles stayed in areas where rains came just once a year. Mammals lose more water when they excrete, and thus need water-rich environments to survive. Results are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Aggregating nearly the entire landmass of Earth, Pangaea was a continent the likes our planet has not seen for the last 200 million years. Its size meant there was a lot of space for animals to roam, for there were few geographical barriers, such as mountains or ice caps, to contain them.
Yet, strangely, animals confined themselves. Studying a transect of Pangaea stretching from about three degrees south to 26 degrees north (a long swath in the center of the continent covering tropical and semiarid temperate zones), a team of scientists led by Jessica Whiteside at Brown University has determined that reptiles, represented by a species called procolophonids, lived in one area, while mammals, represented by a precursor species called traversodont cynodonts, lived in another. Though similar in many ways, their paths evidently did not cross.
"We're answering a question that goes back to Darwin's time," said Whiteside, assistant professor of geological sciences at Brown, who studies ancient climates. "What controls where organisms live? The two main constraints are geography and climate."
Turning to climate, the frequency of rainfall along lines of latitude directly influenced where animals lived, the scientists write in a paper published this week in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In the tropical zone where the mammal-relative traversodont cynodonts lived, monsoon-like rains fell twice a year. But farther north on Pangaea, in the temperate regions where the procolophonids predominated, major rains occurred only once a year. It was the difference in the precipitation, the researchers conclude, that sorted the mammals' range from that of the reptiles.
The scientists focused on an important physiological difference between the two: how they excrete. Mammals lose water when they excrete and need to replenish what they lose. Reptiles (and birds) get rid of bodily waste in the form of uric acid in a solid or semisolid form that contains very little water.
On Pangaea, the mammals needed a water-rich area, so the availability of water played a decisive role in determining where they lived. "It's interesting that something as basic as how the body deals with waste can restrict the movement of an entire group," Whiteside said.
In water-limited areas, "the reptiles had a competitive advantage over mammals," Whiteside said. She thinks the reptiles didn't migrate into the equatorial regions because they already had found their niche.
The researchers compiled a climate record for Pangaea during the late Triassic period, from 234 million years ago to 209 million years ago, using samples collected from lakes and ancient rift basins stretching from modern-day Georgia to Nova Scotia. Pangaea was a hothouse then: Temperatures were about 20 degrees Celsius hotter in the summer, and atmospheric carbon dioxide was five to 20 times greater than today. Yet there were regional differences, including rainfall amounts.
The researchers base the rainfall gap on variations in the Earth's precession, or the wobble on its axis, coupled with the eccentricity cycle, based on the Earth's orbital position to the sun. Together, these Milankovitch cycles influence how much sunlight, or energy, reaches different areas of the planet. During the late Triassic, the equatorial regions received more sunlight, thus more energy to generate more frequent rainfall. The higher latitudes, with less total sunlight, experienced less rain.
The research is important because climate change projections shows areas that would receive less precipitation, which could put mammals there under stress.
"There is evidence that climate change over the last 100 years has already changed the distribution of mammal species," said Danielle Grogan, a graduate student in Whiteside's research group. "Our study can help us predict negative climate effects on mammals in the future."
Contributing authors include Grogan, Paul Olsen from Columbia University, and Dennis Kent from Rutgers. The National Science Foundation and the Richard Salomon Foundation funded the research.
Image 1 Caption: More than 200 million years ago, nearly all the land on Earth was part of Pangaea. Animals could roam freely, yet they appear to have sorted themselves into regions. Researchers at Brown are figuring out why. (Credit: Brown University)
Image 2 Caption: The skull of the procolophonid Hypsognathus was found in Fundy basin, Nova Scotia, which was hotter and drier when it was part of Pangaea. Mammals, needing more water, chose to live elsewhere. (Credit: Brown University)
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15 Blazing Fast DNS Servers for PS4 To Improve Speed
It's a pretty holiday and you're chilling on the couch, playing games on your PS4 and competing with your friends and your game is getting intense you're just about to win and then all of the sudden you realise that the game is getting slow and you notice the ping which is just touching the sky and boom it's the end. Okay stop blaming your ISP now it is not his fault every time, sometimes it might be, but every time? I doubt that
Instead, it could be the fault of your DNS and for that, you need some fast DNS servers for PS4 that will enhance the speed of your gadget by improving your ping and stabilize your connection.
Still, confused about what a DNS is and how does it work? Relax! We've got you covered
What is DNS?
In the world of networking, computers don't go by names like humans do, they go by numbers because that's how computer and other similar devices talk and identify with each other over a network which is by using numbers such as IP addresses.
So to bridge the communication gap between computers and humans and make communication a lot easier, networking engineers developed DNS, and DNS stands for Domain name system. DNS resolves names to numbers, to be more specific it resolves domain names to IP addresses. so if you type in a web address in your web browser, DNS will resolve the name to a number because the only thing computers know are numbers.
Read Also: Why Gboard Keeps Stopping? How To Fix it in 10 Minutes?
so for example if you wanted to go to a certain website you would open up your web browser and type in the domain name of that website, so for example let's use yahoo.com. now technically you don't have to type in yahoo.com. to retrieve the yahoo web page, you can just type in the IP address instead if you already knew what the IP address was, but since we are not accustomed to memorizing and dealing with numbers, especially when there are millions of websites on the internet, we can just type in the domain name instead and let DNS convert it to an IP address for us.
How Does It Work?
So when a user types any domain name in a web browser the DNS server will search through its database to find a matching IP address for that domain name, and when it finds it will resolve that domain name to the IP address of the site the user has searched and once that is done then your computer can communicate with the searched site server and retrieve the webpage. So DNS works like a phone book, when you want to find a number, you don't look up the number first, you look up the name first, then it will give you the number, sounds cool to me, isn't it?
How to Change Your DNS Server
To change the DNS settings on your PS4, do the following:
1. Go to Settings > Network > Setup internet connection
fast DNS servers for PS4
2. Choose your connection type (Wifi/LAN, LAN is much faster)
fast DNS servers for PS4
3. Choose Custom setup> Choose Automatic IP address settings> Do Not Specify DHCP Hostname
4. DNS Settings, choose Manual
fast DNS servers for PS4
5. Enter your Primary and Secondary DNS to test
fast DNS servers for PS4
6. Automatic MTU Settings> Proxy Server Do not use
7. Then test your new setup
fast DNS servers for PS4
8. Test the Internet Connection once the setup is done.
fast DNS servers for PS4
15 Fastest DNS Servers for PS4
15 Blazing Fast DNS Servers for PS4 To Improve Speed
It can be described as one of the biggest network operating on the internet. Many people use its service to increase the device's security and to enhance the performance of their websites and services. It offers a free DNS service called that the user can use on any device.
Also known as the Google public DNS is a DNS service offered to internet users over the world by Google.
It works as a recursive name server for public usage at the following four IP addresses.
DOH addresshttps://dns.google/dns-query _URL_
IPv4 addresses8.
IPv6 addresses 2001:4860:4860::88882001:4860:4860::8844
3.Open DNS
It is an American company providing DNS resolution services with several features such as phishing protection and optional content filtering.
Looking up in its DNS services and a cloud computing security to protect its users from different kinds of threats. The OpenDNS global network processes around 100 billion DNS queries every day from 85 million users through 25 data centres set up worldwide.
Their name servers are always: 208.67. 222.222. 208.67. 220.220.
4.Comodo Secure DNS
It is a domain name resolution services that its users request through its outside network of redundant DNS servers.
They provide a much faster and more reliable Internet browsing experience than using the ordinance DNS servers provided by your ISP and it also does not require any hardware or software installation.
IPv4 DNS Server:
5.Dynamic DNS
It allows you to access your device from the internet via a very easy simple to remember domain name.
They used the TSIG mechanism to provide security. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is a kind of service that keeps the DNS updated with the web property's correct IP address, even if the IP address is constantly being updated.
Primary DNS Secondary DNS
It is a top-levelinformation centre which regulates non-national alternative to traditional TLD (top-level Domain) for example ICANN.
OpenNIC recursive servers are generally known for their high speed and low latency as compared to other more vividly used DNS servers.
Primary DNSSecondary DNS
7.Verisign Public DNS
It is a recursive DNS service that provides extensive DNS experience and expertise.
It also claims to respect its user's privacy. It also offers a range of various security services including managed DNS, DDOS ( distributed denial of service), attack migration and various cyber-threat reporting.
Primary DNSSecondary DNS
The Other DNS Are as Follows:-
 - Yandex DNS
 - Level 3
 - DNSAdvantage
 - Uncensored DNS
 - Ad guard DNS
 - UltraRecursive DNS
 - Quad9
 - Clean Browsing
Some Commonly Asked Questions About the Best DNS Servers for PS4
1.Is changing DNS on PS4 safe?
It is completely harmless to change your DNS on PS4, until and unless you are changing it to one of your trusted DNS servers and in future, if you want to reverse your settings to the default DNS you can easily do that as well!
2.What DNS servers should I use for PS4?
Honestly, one DNS setting does not work for everyone but in my opinion, among the free servers you can try these
1) (Cloudflare)
2) (OpenDNS)
3) (GoogleDNS secondary server)
3.How to Change DNS Settings to Boost Internet Speed?
First, open your system preferencesearch for DNS servers and tap on itclick the '+' tab to add a DNS server then enter 1.1. 1.1 and 1.0. 0.1 (for redundancy)click 'ok' and then apply.
Conclusion for Fastest DNS Servers For PS4
In the end, it all comes down to the server which provides you with the minimum latency possible. The DNS server which is working for everyone doesn't need to work best for you as well because it depends on the geographical location as well as the other possible factors and that's the reason we cannot call any DNS server "the best".
But after considering various ratings, facts and factors we've shortlisted the 15 best DNS servers for your PS4 to make your PS4 experience the smoothest. If you still face any trouble regarding any of the DNS servers mentioned above or have any suggestions for us feel free to write us in the comment section below.
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text: This short book is an accessible introduction to liberty – one of the key concepts of political and economic thought. It explains why liberty is so important and sets out in clear language the benefits of freeing individuals from big government. The guide consists of ten concise chapters, each focusing on a particular aspect of liberty and written by an expert in the field. The authors show why liberty is essential if people are to lead prosperous and fulfilling lives, and also point to the terrible consequences when politicians and officials get too much power. At a time when our freedom is threatened by a rising tide of government controls, A Beginner's Guide to Liberty is essential reading.


text:
An unpublished manuscript, entitled The Richmond Group of the Cincinnati Province, compiled by the late William H. Shideler, has been made available by the Division of Geological Survey as Open-File Report 95-1. Dr. Shideler was a professor of geology at Miami University from 1910 to 1957. He died in 1958.
The information in the manuscript was compiled by Shideler over a period of 17 years; he spent five summers during the 1920's in the employ of the Ohio Geological Survey. For 10 years, Shideler annually visited a series of classic exposures of highly fossiliferous Upper Ordovician rocks in southwestern Ohio and made extensive collections of fossils at these sections. From these data he was able to establish extensive faunal lists for each section and compile range charts for various species.
Shideler's typewritten manuscript was edited by Joe H. Marak, curator of the Carl E. Limper Geology Museum at Miami University. Marak notes that the manuscript is outdated, particularly in regard to the names of many fossil species, but will still be very useful to geologists and fossil collectors.
The 96-page report describes 26 exposures of Richmondian rocks in the Cincinnati area and includes an extensive index. Open-File Report 95-1 is available from the Division of Geological Surveys. Credit-card orders may be placed by calling _PHONE_.