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Check Your Numbers
How to Play
- Pick up a Daily 3/Daily 4 play slip at your favorite West Virginia Lottery Retailer.
- There are five panels on a slip. You can play one panel or all five. Begin with Panel A, select Daily 3 in the game section.
- Select your wager amount. ($.50 or $1.00) The game type Exact/Any is $1.00 only.
- Select a game type. If you need an explanation of the different types please see the chart in the "PAYOUT" section of this site.
- Select 3 numbers between 0-9. Mark the appropriate boxes on your slip with black or blue ink. Please do not use red.
- You may have the computer randomly select your numbers for you by marking the "Easy Pick" box.
- Hand your marked play slip to the store clerk and you will receive a ticket with your Daily 3 numbers on it. You must purchase your ticket by 6:49 p.m., ET. the day of the drawing.
- Watch the Daily 3 drawing on your local television station or check here on our site the following day to see if you've won.
- For more information on whether your numbers won or not click on the "PAYOUT" link to the left.
Match all three numbers in EXACT ORDER for a Exact Bet. Match all three numbers in ANY ORDER for an Any Bet. A 3-way, 6-way and other 'Any' types denote the numbers YOU CHOOSE. For instance, a 3-way means there are two numbers that are alike leaving only three combinations for that set of numbers to come up (112). A Box 6-way would mean all three numbers are different leaving six combinations (123).


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In the 1970s John Grinder, professor of linguistics at the University of California Santa Cruz, and Richard Bandler, studying psychology and mathematics at the same university, began to identify complex patterns of language and behaviour.
They went on to create intervention programmes, one of which was a phobia cure. This benign process, based on association and dissociation techniques, offered the opportunity to clear a phobia without inflicting trauma. They found that the faster they ran the process, the more effective it became. Eventually called the fast phobia cure, because it could be effected in 30 minutes or less, it required only one session to clear a phobia without recourse to drugs, hypnosis or behavioural therapy.
Unfortunately this interesting field, now known as neuro-linguistic programming, does not seem to be taken into account when research is undertaken - although admittedly scientists working only with mice might have problems introducing dissociation techniques....
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Who talks more…men or women?
There is nothing I love more than a clever phrase to describe a phenomena that bothers me. Last night I found such a phrase in a Jezebel article about gender differences in number of words spoken per day.
The phrase: public domain data.
This describes the phenomena of data that's been so often cited that no one seems to think you need a reference for it anymore (think "you need 8 glasses of water per day").
In this particular article, she brings it up in the context of the assertion that women say more words per day than men do. The most commonly cited data puts it at anywhere from double to quadruple the number…quite a difference by any stretch of the imagination. The problem is the numbers are apparently quite fictional.
The Jezebel piece links to this piece on a blog from UPENN where someone actually tried to track down a study that ever established the numbers quoted. They found that it apparently originated with James Dobson sometime in the late 80's or early 90's, and that he did not seem to have a study to back him up (his actual quote was that "God gave women 50,000 words for the day, and men 25,000").
From there it seems to have changed and distorted, but it does not seem anyone has actually sat down and counted the number of words men and women said.
If you think about it, this would be a really hard study to do. I mean, I think most people would knee-jerk agree that women talk more than men, but we have to remember that we're only thinking of social situations. Your choice of profession would HEAVILY skew how many words you were saying per day. I mean, my brother the biology teacher is by far the quietest member of my immediate family when we get together. However, I would hazard a guess that 5 days out of the week he likely says more words than I do. I mean, he teaches. He has to say words. I spend at least half my day analyzing data. No words needed. I also have a longer commute (no talking needed) and unless I'm giving a presentation all of my meetings involve giving people equal time to talk. But of course people who met us wouldn't count his professional speaking. It would be clear to everyone that I talk more…unless you had a researcher study us on an average day.
Additionally, even if this stat had been true in 1993, how would we count it today? In 1993, most social communication was verbal. How would we count blogging, Twitter, Reddit or texting? It feels strange to count those as words, but also strange to not include them.
I mean, the little lord's been taking his morning nap for the past hour or so. In that time I have commented on 4 blogs, written two emails, one Facebook message, and written this post. For research purposes though, I haven't said a word. Interesting, isn't it?
3 thoughts on "Who talks more…men or women?
 1. I tend to take half the conversational space, no matter how many people are present. Not likely to be actually true, but close. Yet there are situations in which I say almost nothing, and others where I avoid having to go because I would be expected to talk and I don't want to.
 Plus I talk to myself, sort of out loud, a lot. Do those count? And as you note, texts, tweets, comments…how do you score a forwarded link or a forwarded photo?
 Eh, why bother? Everyone knows women talk more than men, right?
 2. Well, if you wanted to measure how many words a person speaks, you'd need to clip a microphone to their shirt. (And somehow convince them to behave normally.)
 Then you'd have to ask whether a person talking to themselves counts. And you'd have to distinguish "talking to self" from "giving a presentation" and "teaching a class."
 If there really is a difference…
 Great point, though, on "public domain data".
 3. I think when I read the comments by James Dobson, I was also wondering if talking to babies counts. I mean, I talk to the little lord most of the time I'm with him, but that's more about trying to help engage him and language development than expression.
 I think what this gets down to is that there's lots of different types of speech, and we'd have to be quite precise with what we were measuring before we figured out who said more.
Comments are closed.


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Interstellar and Intergalactic Distances
— Using a Film Clip from Cosmic Voyage
Subject: Science & Technology — Interstellar & Intergalactic Distances;
Ages: 10+; Middle and High School;
Length: Film Clip: approximately 12 minutes or a shorter clip of approximately five minutes will also work; Lesson: One 50 minute class period.
Excerpts from the Snippet Lesson Plan
Learner Outcomes/Objectives: Students will get a feeling for the relative sizes and distances of stars and of galaxies and of the vastness of space as compared to the small world of planet Earth.
Rationale: Cosmic Voyage describes in a very attractive way the huge distances of deep space. Students usually know that stars are in galaxies and that there are huge numbers of galaxies in the universe. However it is usually not so easy to convey a feeling of the relative scales and distance of stars and galaxies: whereas galaxies densely populate the universe, stars are very far away from each other within a galaxy.
Description of the Film Clips: Viewers are taken on a journey through the distances of space changing magnification of one scene by a factor of ten at each step....
The "Cosmic Voyage" taken in the film contains "landmarks" to enable the viewer to keep in mind the scale of things in the universe in terms of powers of ten. The journey has two major thresholds: first, the point at which stars begin to be seen in groups, at 1015 meters, and second, when the same thing happens with galaxies, several powers of ten later, at 1023 meters.
There is a fundamental difference between these two scales: the distances between stars are huge with respect to their sizes....
The complete Snippet Lesson Plan provides additional helpful background on Interstellar and Intergalactic distances. Links to websites providing stunning photographs of colliding galaxies are also included.
TeachWithMovies.com's Movie Lesson Plans and Learning Guides are used by thousands of teachers in their classrooms to motivate students. They provide background and discussion questions that lead to fascinating classes. Parents can use them to supplement what their children learn in school.
Each film recommended by TeachWithMovies.com contains lessons on life and positive moral messages. Our Guides and Lesson Plans show teachers how to stress these messages and make them meaningful for young audiences.
Snippet Lesson Plans are based on short subjects or film clips. They are ideal for classroom use because the video segments are less than 40 minutes in length.
Each TWM Snippet Lesson Plan Contains:
- Learner Outcomes/Objectives
- Exact Location of the Clip in the Movie, Film or Video
- Step-by-Step Instructions for Using the Clip in the Classroom
Some Snippet LPs simply identify film clips and Internet resources. Others are complete lesson plans with introductions, handouts, discussion questions, and summative assessments.
Learning Guides Feature the Following Sections:
- Possible Problems
- Helpful Background
- Building Vocabulary
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Learning Guides help teachers develop or improve their own lesson plans to maximize students' classroom experience. Many also feature introductions, handouts, and summative assessments.
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A subscription to TeachWithMovies.com will give teachers access to 350 Snippet Lesson Plans, Learning Guides, and Movie Lesson Plans. Subscribe Today and give students a graphic sense of the distances in interstellar and intergalactic space using a film clip from Cosmic Voyage.
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Patricia Kuhl: The linguistic genius of babies
MABIS offers instruction in three languages – English, Mandarin and Thai. Our classrooms are designed to foster the acquisition of a second or third language in a seamless way through a combination of Montessori materials and Chinese, English and Thai-speaking teachers. Children are also introduced to culture through celebrations and a rich array of activities.
By introducing your child to multiple languages during this sensitive period of development, you are providing them with a wonderful opportunity for growth and understanding in the increasingly global community.
Neuroscience research supports Maria Montessori's discovery of the sensitive period for learning languages which is from birth until 6 years old. Watch this video clip of Patricia Kuhl co-director of the Institute for Brain and Learning Sciences at the University of Washington.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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From a distinctive, inimitable voice, a wickedly funny and fascinating romp through the strange and often contradictory history of Western parenting
Why do we read our kids fairy tales about homicidal stepparents? How did helicopter parenting develop if it used to be perfectly socially acceptable to abandon your children? Why do we encourage our babies to crawl if crawling won't help them learn to walk?
These are just some of the questions that came to Jennifer Traig when—exhausted, frazzled, and at sea after the birth of her two children—she began to interrogate the traditional parenting advice she'd been conditioned to accept at face value. The result is Act Natural, a hilarious and deft dissection of the history of Western parenting, written with the signature biting wit and deep insights Traig has become known for.
Moving from ancient Rome to Puritan New England to the Dr. Spock craze of mid-century America, Traig cheerfully explores historic and present-day parenting techniques ranging from the misguided, to the nonsensical, to the truly horrifying. Be it childbirth, breastfeeding, or the ways in which we teach children how to sleep, walk, eat, and talk, she leaves no stone unturned in her quest for answers: Have our techniques actually evolved into something better? Or are we still just scrambling in the dark?


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Word Processing in Notebooks
Mathematica includes many commands for word processing and formatting.
You can set the following cell options from the menu: style, font, face, size, text color, background color, cell dingbat, text alignment, text justification, and word wrapping.
To Apply an Option:
Select the cell bracket or some text.
Choose the option desired from the menu, such as the background color.
To Spell Check a Notebook:
Choose. Mathematica begins to spell check the notebook at the position of the cursor. At any misspelling or unknown word, Mathematica displays the word and recommends a replacement.
You can use the popup menu to add a word to the dictionary associated with the notebook, session, cell, or your global preferences.
Choose to insert a page break in a notebook.
To Type a Formula into a Text Cell:
Place the cursor in the text cell where you want to enter the formula. Press Ctrl+( or Ctrl+9. A placeholder box appears in the cell.
Using keystrokes, enter the formula (see "Entering Input in Notebooks").
Press Ctrl+) or Ctrl+0 to end the formula.
You can copy and paste entire cells into other cells. For example, you can include typeset formulas from input cells or embed graphics in a text cell.
To Paste One Cell inside Another:
Select the cell bracket.
Choose. Position the cursor or select some text.
Mathematica can hyphenate words in text cells if you set Hyphenation->True. When command names are long, Mathematica uses a special continuation character () to break the name. You can control hyphenation using the Option Inspector. See "Option Inspector" for more information.
To create a new cell in the most recent style, press Alt+Enter. The new cell will appear below the most recent cell.


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When you use LINE regularly, cached data and data from your chats start to build up. This data can cause the app to run slowly, so we recommend deleting it on a regular basis.
To delete the LINE app's cached data:
1. Tap the Home tab > Settings > Chats.
2. Tap Delete data > Cached data.
3. Tap Delete selected data > Delete data.
Note: You can also choose to delete photos, voice messages, and files that were sent in your chats.
To delete data from individual chats:
1. On the Chats tab, tap the chat you want to delete data from.
2. Tap the menu icon at the top of the chat screen.
3. Tap Other settings > Delete data.
4. Tap Delete selected data > Delete data.
Thank you for your feedback.
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astronaut diet: easy and rapid way to lose weight in 14-days
Among the diets that are most popular for losing weight is the astronaut diet. You lose weight by increasing your body's metabolism with this diet.
This diet's strength is its ability to fully empty the stomach and intestines and enhance the efficiency of the digestive system. According to diet experts, if you stick to this diet, you'll feel as light as an astronaut.
However, bear in mind that a nutritionist must design any diet for you in order for it to be followed; otherwise, your body could suffer damage from even the greatest periodic diet.
What is the astronaut diet?
In 1960, the astronaut diet was established. This was a diet designed for space travelers. Nutritionists and gastroenterologists incorporated foods into this diet that would reduce gas in the stomach. The nutrients in the astronaut's diet will also improve their digestive system.
Depending on your metabolism and level of activity, you might lose a few kilograms when following the astronaut's diet. Because they will lose a substantial amount of weight and size in just 13 days with a relatively simple diet, this program has garnered a lot of popularity among the public.
The astronaut diet is simple to follow and yields fast results. Seeing the outcomes of your weight and size decrease will definitely increase your motivation to stick with it throughout the second week.
How does an astronaut's diet work?
We have to advise you to give up a lot of your eating habits before you begin the astronaut diet. This diet will not only help you lose weight but also modify your lifestyle and improve your overall health.
The diet of astronauts is primarily composed of protein products; foods high in fiber and carbohydrates are strictly avoided.
However, bear in mind that during these two weeks, the calories you typically consume each day will fulfill your basic requirements.
However, since this diet includes a lot of protein, you don't need to worry. As a result, by following this diet, you will witness a reduction in weight and size without hurting the muscles.
Which foods ought to be off limits to the astronaut's diet?
You should try to stay as far away from the foods listed below as possible when following the astronaut diet. This diet typically contributes to obesity and jeopardizes the digestive system's health.
- Soft drinks
- Industrial fruit juice
- Alcohol (mainly because it contains sugar)
- salt and sugar
- Starchy vegetables such as potatoes, beets, parsley, and carrots
- Rice and pasta
- bread and cereals
- Smoked meat products
What kind of food is appropriate for an astronaut to eat?
The astronaut's diet frequently consists of high-protein foods. One of the primary nutritional components required by the body to form tissue and even cells is protein.
When following this diet, you ought to eat the following things at your meals:
- fish and chicken
- Tomatoes and cucumbers
- Lettuce and cabbage
- green beans
- A variety of salads
- Cheese and tofu
- Vegan milk (almond, rice, soy)
- Remember that during these two weeks, you should eat chicken and red meat rather than ham to the greatest extent possible.
Tip: You can add foods to the astronaut's diet that aren't on the list by speaking with a nutritionist.
A sample food plan for astronauts
We should note that the sample diet plan below is only intended to serve as an example before you look at the astronaut's plan.
A specialized physician must examine you in order to determine your optimal weight and size. Based on your results, the physician will create a food plan for you to follow. In this way, over these 13 days, none of your body's essential components—vitamins and minerals—will be diminished.
An astronaut's diet plan example
- Breakfast: two boiled eggs + a cup of coffee without milk and sugar.
- Lunch: half a medium-sized chicken + half a liter of chicken broth (in which it was cooked) + salad with tomatoes and mushrooms + a glass of soy milk or black coffee.
- Snack: a cup of fruit tea or green tea.
- Dinner: a glass of almond milk, fish, and 150 grams of tofu.
Replaceable foods include the following:
- Tofu with cottage cheese
- Chicken with fish
- Coffee with green tea
- Oranges with apples
Note: Minerals and vitamins are important. In addition, make sure to drink a lot of water (up to two liters a day) and go for daily walks or runs.
How does the astronaut diet improve stomach problems?
If you have stomach or digestive issues, you can quickly improve them with dietary and lifestyle modifications. It's intriguing to learn that the astronaut's diet might actually be beneficial to you in this regard after receiving a nutritionist's recommendation.
The most crucial thing to do on this diet is to eliminate or drastically minimize simple carbs from meals in order to help the stomach. Among these dishes are the following:
- white bread
- Industrial fruit juice
- alcohol etc
This restriction stems from the fact that excessive sugar and carbs have a tendency to ferment in the large intestine when the digestive system is out of balance. Consequently, this issue may be the source of gas and bloating in the stomach and intestines.
It's intriguing to learn that irritable bowel syndrome can be helped by adopting an astronaut's diet, which excludes the foods indicated above but still includes a lot of protein.
The astronaut diet is a 13- or 14-day intermittent diet that helps you lose weight and become healthier while also significantly reducing your body size. But remember that any diet should be followed under a nutritionist's guidance.


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A colorimetric investigation of copper(II) solutions
(1) Milton Academy, Milton, Massachusettshttps://doi.org/10.59720/22-284
Complex ions containing transition metals, elements with incompletely filled d-orbitals, are usually colored, while similar ions from non-transition metals are not. Copper (Cu) is a transition metal with a flexible coordination sphere, meaning it can adopt many coordination geometries, and therefore have various colored complexes. Addition of Chloride (Cl-) to a CuCl2 solution causes color change away from blue toward a yellowish green. We hypothesized that adding acetone to an CuCl2-water solution would cause a similar shift in solution color. We made aqueous CuCl2 solutions with increasing acetone concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 percent and compared the resulting colors to aqueous CuCl2 solutions with increasing added amounts of NaCl to find the closest visual fit in color from the acetone solutions for each added NaCl equivalent. Our experiment showed that increasing the percent acetone in aqueous CuCl2 solutions gave rise to a color change parallel to that of adding Cl-, shifting solution color away from blue and toward yellow. We propose an explanation of this relationship by considering Cu2+ reduction in high acetone concentrations and discussing ligand field strength and the possible effects of tetrahedral versus octahedral geometries on splitting: weaker splitting may similarly affect color through equilibria leaning towards green/yellow products. This investigation could support our understanding of copper coordination and copper complex color behavior with future implications for other copper complex experiments or, in a broader perspective, detection and evaluation of Cu2+ levels in environmental and biological systems.
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- What is Polonium
- Polonium – Properties
- Atomic Mass of Polonium
- Density of Polonium
- Electron Affinity and Electronegativity of Polonium
- First Ionization Energy of Polonium
- Polonium – Melting Point and Boiling Point
- Polonium – Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization
- Polonium in Periodic Table
What is Polonium
Polonium is a chemical element with atomic number 84 which means there are 84 protons and 84 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po.
Polonium is a rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium, though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table: thallium, lead, and bismuth.
Polonium – Properties
|Phase at STP||Solid|
|Atomic Mass [amu]||209|
|Density at STP [g/cm3]||9.196|
|Electron Configuration||[Hg] 6p4|
|Possible Oxidation States||+2,4|
|Electron Affinity [kJ/mol]||183.3|
|Electronegativity [Pauling scale]||2|
|1st Ionization Energy [eV]||8.4167|
|Year of Discovery||1898|
|Discoverer||Curie, Marie & Pierre|
|Melting Point [Celsius scale]||254|
|Boiling Point [Celsius scale]||962|
|Thermal Conductivity [W/m K]||—|
|Specific Heat [J/g K]||0.12|
|Heat of Fusion [kJ/mol]||—|
|Heat of Vaporization [kJ/mol]||—|
See also: Properties of Polonium
Atomic Mass of Polonium
Atomic mass of Polonium is 209 u.
Note that, each element may contain more isotopes, therefore this resulting atomic mass is calculated from naturally-occuring isotopes and their abundance.
The unit of measure for mass is the atomic mass unit (amu). One atomic mass unit is equal to 1.66 x 10-24 grams. One unified atomic mass unit is approximately the mass of one nucleon (either a single proton or neutron) and is numerically equivalent to 1 g/mol.
For 12C the atomic mass is exactly 12u, since the atomic mass unit is defined from it. For other isotopes, the isotopic mass usually differs and is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. For example, 63Cu (29 protons and 34 neutrons) has a mass number of 63 and an isotopic mass in its nuclear ground state is 62.91367 u.
There are two reasons for the difference between mass number and isotopic mass, known as the mass defect:
- The neutron is slightly heavier than the proton. This increases the mass of nuclei with more neutrons than protons relative to the atomic mass unit scale based on 12C with equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
- The nuclear binding energy varies between nuclei. A nucleus with greater binding energy has a lower total energy, and therefore a lower mass according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence relation E = mc2. For 63Cu the atomic mass is less than 63 so this must be the dominant factor.
See also: Mass Number
Density of Polonium
Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is an intensive property, which is mathematically defined as mass divided by volume:
ρ = m/V
In words, the density (ρ) of a substance is the total mass (m) of that substance divided by the total volume (V) occupied by that substance. The standard SI unit is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). The Standard English unit is pounds mass per cubic foot (lbm/ft3).
See also: What is Density
See also: Densest Materials of the Earth
Electron Affinity and Electronegativity of Polonium
Electron Affinity of Polonium is 183.3 kJ/mol.
Electronegativity of Polonium is 2.
In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:
the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.
X + e– → X– + energy Affinity = – ∆H
In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.
An atom of Polonium in the gas phase, for example, gives off energy when it gains an electron to form an ion of Polonium.
Po + e– → Po– – ∆H = Affinity = 183.3 kJ/mol
To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of sign. When an electron is added to a neutral atom, energy is released. This affinity is known as the first electron affinity and these energies are negative. By convention, the negative sign shows a release of energy. However, more energy is required to add an electron to a negative ion which overwhelms any the release of energy from the electron attachment process. This affinity is known as the second electron affinity and these energies are positive.
Affinities of Non metals vs. Affinities of Metals
- Metals: Metals like to lose valence electrons to form cations to have a fully stable shell. The electron affinity of metals is lower than that of nonmetals. Mercury most weakly attracts an extra electron.
- Nonmetals: Generally, nonmetals have more positive electron affinity than metals. Nonmetals like to gain electrons to form anions to have a fully stable electron shell. Chlorine most strongly attracts extra electrons. The electron affinities of the noble gases have not been conclusively measured, so they may or may not have slightly negative values.
Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards this atom. For this purposes, a dimensionless quantity the Pauling scale, symbol χ, is the most commonly used.
The electronegativity of Polonium is:
χ = 2
In general, an atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an element or compound attracts electrons towards it.
The most electronegative atom, fluorine, is assigned a value of 4.0, and values range down to cesium and francium which are the least electronegative at 0.7.
First Ionization Energy of Polonium
First Ionization Energy of Polonium is 8.4167 eV.
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom.
X + energy → X+ + e−
where X is any atom or molecule capable of being ionized, X+ is that atom or molecule with an electron removed (positive ion), and e− is the removed electron.
A Polonium atom, for example, requires the following ionization energy to remove the outermost electron.
Po + IE → Po+ + e− IE = 8.4167 eV
The ionization energy associated with removal of the first electron is most commonly used. The nth ionization energy refers to the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the species with a charge of (n-1).
1st ionization energy
X → X+ + e−
2nd ionization energy
X+ → X2+ + e−
3rd ionization energy
X2+ → X3+ + e−
Ionization Energy for different Elements
There is an ionization energy for each successive electron removed. The electrons that circle the nucleus move in fairly well-defined orbits. Some of these electrons are more tightly bound in the atom than others. For example, only 7.38 eV is required to remove the outermost electron from a lead atom, while 88,000 eV is required to remove the innermost electron. Helps to understand reactivity of elements (especially metals, which lose electrons).
In general, the ionization energy increases moving up a group and moving left to right across a period. Moreover:
- Ionization energy is lowest for the alkali metals which have a single electron outside a closed shell.
- Ionization energy increases across a row on the periodic maximum for the noble gases which have closed shells.
For example, sodium requires only 496 kJ/mol or 5.14 eV/atom to ionize it. On the other hand neon, the noble gas, immediately preceding it in the periodic table, requires 2081 kJ/mol or 21.56 eV/atom.
Polonium – Melting Point and Boiling Point
Melting point of Polonium is 254°C.
Boiling point of Polonium is 962°C.
Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure.
Boiling Point – Saturation
In thermodynamics, the term saturation defines a condition in which a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist together at a given temperature and pressure. The temperature at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given pressure is called the saturation


POPSUGAR Smart Living
Make This No-Sew DIY Duster For a Few Dollars!
Mar 26 2014 - 6:06pm
Along with keeping your stuff free of buildup, this easy-to-make DIY [1] duster comes together without the need for a sewing machine. Just reach for your handy hot glue gun, a bit of fleece, and a wooden dowel, and you're on your way to making a reusable and cute duster. Costing only a few dollars, this homemade cleaning tool will help clear your house of dust and can be tossed in the wash when it's in need of refreshing.
What You'll Need:
 1. Gather the materials for making the duster. You can use any size dowel, but one that's around 1/2 inch in circumference works best. Wooden dowels are found at most craft or home goods stores.
 1. Fold the fleece in half, and then in half again, creating a square. Cut the folded edges to create four squares to use for the duster.
 1. Place one of the squares of fleece on your work area, and position the dowel so it's centered, leaving about two inches of fabric at the top of the dowel. Trace around the outside of the dowel with hot glue, leaving about a quarter of an inch of space between the dowel and glue line. Top with another fleece square, and press.
 1. To create the sides of the duster, fold the top half of the square of fleece toward the right. Place a line of hot glue along the dowel glue line, and press on another square of fleece, securing with more glue along the line as needed. Do the same for the other side.
 1. Use scissors to cut slits horizontally into the sides of the squares, cutting to the glue lines, about an inch apart. Once all the sides have been cut, make two cuts at the top of the square, above where the dowel would be in the duster.
 1. Now begin tying cut lengths of the fleece together, double-knotting one length to the closest underneath. Continue tying around the square. Flip the fleece over, and tie the second row of cuts.
 1. Slide the dowel back into the fleece, and secure by tying the two side knots together with a double knot at the base, from the left and right side. Do the same at the middle and top of the duster. Flip and do the same to the other side of the duster.
 1. To help keep the fleece in place, mark the base of the duster on the dowel with a pencil and then wrap, above the line, with the textured side of a velcro adhesive strip, which will grab onto the fleece.
 1. Your homemade duster is ready to help keep your house nice and clean. Simply toss in the wash to refresh when needed.
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Definition of C. diphtheriae
1. Noun. A species of bacterium that causes diphtheria.
Generic synonyms: Corynebacterium
Group relationships: Genus Corynebacterium
C. Diphtheriae Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: C. Diphtheriae Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of C. Diphtheriae
Literary usage of C. diphtheriae
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Emil Von Behring: Infectious Disease, Immunology, Serum Therapy by Derek S. Linton (2005)
"Although he is still often credited with having discovered C. diphtheriae, Behring for one doubted this, since not only did Klebs fail to isolate the..."
2. Biosafety in the Laboratory: Prudent Practices for the Handling and Disposal by National Research Council (U. S.) (1989)
"Agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae Laboratory-associated infections with C. diphtheriae are documented. Pike (90) lists 33 cases reported in the world..."
3. The Oxford Medicine by Henry Asbury Christian, James Mackenzie (1920)
"... patients does not have as much significance in the diagnosis of scarlet fever as the demonstration of C. diphtheriae has in the diagnosis of diphtheria,..."
4. Pathogens of Soybean Seeds: Bibliographyby Andrew Kalinski by Andrew Kalinski (1999)
"The extensive literature of the related diphtheria bacterium will be used as a guide. Diphtheria toxin is produced by those C. diphtheriae bacteria which..."
5. The Generic Names of Bacteria by Ella Morgan (Austin) Enlows (1920)
"Buchanan (J. Bact., v. 3, No. 1, 1918, Balto., p. 55) says the type species Is C. diphtheriae, Lehmann. and Neumann...."


Yury Artyukhin
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Yury Petrovich Artyukhin
Yury Artyukhin.jpg
Nationality Soviet
Born (1930-06-22)June 22, 1930
Pershutino, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Died August 4, 1998(1998-08-04) (aged 68)
Zvyozdny Gorodok, Russia
Other occupation
Rank Colonel, Soviet Air Force
Time in space
15d 17h 30m
Selection Air Force Group 2
Missions Soyuz 14
Awards Hero of the Soviet Union Order of Lenin
Yury Petrovich Artyukhin (Russian: Ю́рий Петро́вич Артю́хин; June 22, 1930 – August 4, 1998) was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut and engineer who made a single flight into space.
Artyukhin graduated from the Soviet Air Force Institute with a doctorate in engineering, specialising in military communication systems. He was selected for the space programme in 1963 and would have flown on the Voskhod 3 mission had it not been cancelled. He made his single flight on Soyuz 14 in 1974, where his area of expertise was presumably put to good use.
He left the space programme in 1982 and held various positions in space-related fields. Most notably, he was involved in the development of the Soviet space shuttle Buran and in cosmonaut training.
He died of cancer on August 4, 1998.
He was awarded:


Posts Tagged: massage sydney
Why Vocational Training is So Important
After the ups and downs of the global economy that leaves so many people out of work, many individuals around the world have come to realize how important it is to have a backup plan. One of the best backup plans that can have one these days is to have undergone vocational training.
As a matter of fact, undergo vocational courses like a good idea that so many young people do not even see it as a backup plan, but as their main blueprint for a better future. You can get best vocational education training via
Vocational educational purposes to teach people hands-on skills in various trades available worldwide today. Vocational schooling so it does not really focus on the theoretical aspects of the various employment sectors but rather focuses on hands-on skills needed to do manual work in their respective sectors.
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Image Source: Google
It is a comprehensive form of education that rivals professional education with the only difference being that focus on manual skills. In almost all industries that an individual has a passion for, they can get some vocational courses that will help them get a job and start a successful career in a particular sector.
Is able to cater to many of the industries is not the only reason that more and more people choose to undergo a vocational program. Another major reason that has seen so many people choose vocational training more professional careers such as medicine or teaching is that it focuses on hands-on skills.
People need to have some kind of intelligence to fit into professional careers such as medicine or law. With vocational training, anyone interested in certain types of calls can be taught how to do it because it depends on the skill of their users.
One other advantage that comes with vocational training is that it does not really look like a person's age professional career education.


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activities have been focused on developing a new generation of plant and molecular resources useful to help students to understand genetics, evolution, and the nature of science. He has taught a course "Evolution and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry", intended for UW non-science majors. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Society of Plant Biologists (for which he serves as a member of the Education Committee), the National Association of Biology Teachers. More locally, he is a member of the Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution (Education and Outreach Committee) and a member of the UW-Madison Teaching Academy.Talks by Scott Woody:
1. Bridging the Conceptual Gap: How plants can help students to understand genetics, evolution, and modern genomic sciences
2. Evolution and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry: A layperson's guide


12 July 2017
Review: Farmageddon in Pictures - The True Cost of Cheap Meat by Philip Lymbery
* Copy courtesy of Bloomsbury *
Farmageddon In Pictures - The True Cost of Cheap Meat - in bite-sized pieces is a confronting read with a very important message to consumers.
Philip Lymbery shines a light into the darkest corners of mega farming and I was shocked to learn just how dire it all is. I think the average consumer is aware of issues like caged animals, the overuse of anti
biotics and pesticides, water shortages and the decline of bees around the world. But there's so much more wrong with the factory farming industry I wasn't aware of or hadn't considered.
 - Factory farmed animals consume 1/3 of the world's cereal harvest. (Pg 10)
 - Waste from mega-dairies and factory-farms is ruining the environment and polluting the water.
 - Industrialised pollination is now a 'thing', where bees are commercially bred and transported elsewhere to pollinate crops.
 - Approximately 100 billion farmed fish are produced around the world each year, but it takes 3 tonnes of wild fish to produce 1 tonne of farmed salmon. (Pg 46 & Pg 81).
 - Trout farms don't give fish enough space to swim around and they're packed in so tight, it's the equivalent of 27 trout sharing the same bathtub.
 - Today's chickens have a lot more fat because they can't move around, and you'd have to eat 4 whole factory farmed chickens to get the same nutrients you would have got from a single chicken in the 1970s. (Pg 84)
Farmageddon In Pictures is full of shocking statistics and pictograms to help the reader digest the information while some of the photos used appeared amateurish and too dark. The author subtly encourages the reader a few times to alter their diet to consume less meat and I can't blame him when he's seen the problems first-hand, but it did ruffle my feathers a little. I guess I don't like being told what to do and would prefer to reach my own conclusions and initiate change on my own.
Farmageddon In Pictures is a slightly depressing read due to the nature of the content, but optimistic in encouraging consumers to change their buying and usage habits with a chapter at the end focussing on solutions and positive change. It's also an important read and more consumers need to know where their food comes from and the cost it has on the environment.
My rating = ***
Carpe Librum!
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Thanks for your comment, Carpe Librum!


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I wonder how is this possible in groovy to start an array from the n element.
Look at the snippet :
static void main(args){
 if (args.length < 2){
 println "Not enough parameters"
 def tools = new BoTools(args[0])
 def action = args[1]
As you see am doing here a dynamic method invocation. The first 2 arguments are taken as some config and method name, the others I would like to use as method paramerts. So how can I do something like this :
Edited : If not possilbe in native groovy Java syntax will do it :
def newArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(args,2,args.length);
share|improve this question
That System.exit(1) is pointless. Java isn't C. – Esko Mar 18 '12 at 19:28
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 3 down vote accepted
To remove items from the beginning of the args you can use the drop() method. The original args list is not changed:
Other option, like you are trying is to access from N element:
share|improve this answer
+1 for range notation. It is tidy and we already know we have >= 2 values. – David Mar 18 '12 at 20:40
add comment
Your Answer


Holiday Weather
Weather Tenerife north
Last updated:
14 Mar
Local Time: 13:03 WET UK Time: 13:03 GMT
Partly Cloudy
15°c (59°f)
SE 8mph (13kph)
 - Sunrise 07:16
 - Sunset 19:13
 - Moonrise 17:30
 - Moonset 05:41
Temp feels like: 15°c (59°f)
Length of Day: 10h 22m
Humidity: 77 %
Dew Point: 11 °c (52°f)
Pressure: 30.24 " (1024 hpa)
Visiblity: 6.2miles (10.0km)
Average for March: 19°c (66.2°f)
Show more nearby resorts
Weather Overview for Tenerife north
Tenerife North has been a haven for holiday seekers from Europe and other parts of the world since the 1960s. Located at about 300 kilometers from the Atlantic coast of north-western Africa and about 1000 kilometers from the southwestern tip of the Iberian coast, Tenerife North, one of the Canary Islands, is situated north of the Tropic of the Cancer, between latitudes 28° and 29°N and 16° and 17° longitude. Tenerife North enjoys relatively warm weather all year round, which draws millions of holiday seekers to this part of the island.
The geology of Tenerife North and the whole island is generally volcanic in its origin. Mt. Tilde, one of its volcanoes, has been relatively sleepy since its last eruption in 1909. The entire island actually rose gradually from the sea floor by way of volcanic eruption about twelve million years ago.
With its rugged and jagged topography that was slowly shaped through millions of years of volcanic eruptions and erosions, Tenerife North and the whole island boasts fertile soil that has been long utilised for sugar cane planting. The island's varying landscapes generally show a contrasting weather pattern between the relatively cooler Tenerife North and the warm south.
The weather of Tenerife North is in stark contrast to that of the southern part of the island. It is widely covered with a variety of vegetation and pine forests blanketing its mountain ranges. The southern part of the island, on the other hand, has drought-resistant plants because of its semi-arid temperature. The central and northern valleys are covered with sub-tropical forest attesting to the contrasting weather within the relatively small island.
Mount Teide
One of the tourist landmarks of Tenerife North is Mt. Teide with its high snow-covered apex. It is one of the largest volcanoes in the world and the highest in all Spanish territory. Mount Teide rises more than 7,000 meters from the ocean floor. The surrounding part of Mt. Teide is recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The snow crested Mt. Tilde divides the north and south of this island and creates the drastic contrast of temperature between the hotter south and the relatively rainy and cooler north.
One main reason why millions of tourists are drawn to Tenerife North is for the warm climate. Tenerife is known as the island of eternal spring. The moderate climate of Tenerife North is conditioned by the trade winds and tempered by the cool gulfstream air currents. The sun almost always shines as the entire island is on the same latitude as the Sahara desert.
The temperature in Tenerife North on the average is around 26-28°C (78.8-82.4°F) during the summer, with a high probability of sunshine throughout the year. Humidity and precipitation is condensed in the north toward the northeast of the island, which will create cloud banks at an altitude of _PHONE_ meters (2624.6-3280.8 ft) along the slope of Mt. Teide.
The Atlantic Ocean's icy sea currents around Tenerife North add some cooling effects to the coastlines and beaches of North Tenerife during summer. The island's landscape and topography greatly influence the weather in the interior parts of Tenerife North especially in the northern valleys.
Erratic weather conditions
The peculiar thing about Tenerife is that the island offers some sort of micro-climatic weather zones, which manifest contrasting weather patterns within the relatively small land area of the island. Tourists can practically choose the climate of their choice by preferring to stay on a certain part of the island.
In direct contrast to the weather of the southern part of the island is that of the northern and northwestern Tenerife where Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Tenerife North are located. These areas receive approximately 73 per cent of all the precipitation in the island. These parts of the island have cloudy skies, rain, and fog, which can be expected any time in the afternoon any time of the year. Weather change on this part of the island can be erratic and is a great challenge to forecast.
Winter in North Tenerife is relatively warm as compared to the northern continental Europe. The temperature during winter months ranges from 20 to 22° Celsius (68-71.6°F). Cooler temperatures are more prominent in the higher slopes of Mt. Teide, plus travelling towards Pico de Teide, there's a gradual change in temperature from warm to moderately cool. Going higher towards the peak, there's a more dramatic change in temperature relative to the altitude. Freezing temperatures can be expected at the higher altitude at certain times, especially, during the winter months. In fact, in the higher altitude, snowfall could be experienced despite the fact that the coasts remain clear and sunny.
Tenerife north?
Link to tenerife_north


Chance vs. Risk
While chance and risk both refer to events that are uncertain, the usage of the words is in different contexts. The word "chance" is used when referring to positive things and "risk" when referring to negative things. For example, "chance of survival", "risk of failure".
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Introduction (from Wikipedia) Chance refers to the probability of a (usually desirable) outcome or event. Risk is the potential of loss resulting from a given action, activity and/or inaction. The notion implies that a choice having an influence on the outcome sometimes exists (or existed). Potential losses themselves may also be called "risks".
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Comments: Chance vs Risk
Anonymous comments (1)
July 10, 2010, 2:47am
I disagree from the point of view of the entrepreneur. Risk and Chance are not the same thing. Risk is to venture into something where the consequences are virtually unknown with the idea that the venture could succeed in theory, ardent effort and luck. Chance is an evolution of risk because that is when most or all possible variables are known and considered before venturing into anything. The you are taking a "chance" that it will succeed.
— 68.✗.✗.224


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Changes in warfare in the 16th and 17th centuries - a 'military revolution'?
The 16th and 17th century was a period of significant change in the character of war. The drivers accounting for these changes were not all based in military reforms, despite Western Europe being engaged almost continuously in war. While tactical applications is interesting, it was the beginnings of some profound changes in the development of warfare; the professional military, the standing army, scale of warfare and subsequent emergence of the state (Crown) owning the monopoly on violence and the arrival of proper naval forces.
Lessons for Military Planning in 21st Century Warfare


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Do We Know What We Like?
People are notoriously bad at explaining their own preferences. In one study researchers asked several women to choose their favorite pair of nylon stockings from a group of twelve. After they made their selections the scientists asked them to explain their choices. The women mentioned things like texture, feel, and color. All of the stockings, however, were identical. The women manufactured reasons for their choices, believing that they had conscious access to their preferences.
In other words: "That voice in your head spewing out eloquent reasons to do this or do that doesn't actually know what's going on, and it's not particularly adept at getting you nearer to reality. Instead, it only cares about finding reasons that sound good, even if the reasons are actually irrelevant or false. (Put another way, we're not being rational – we're rationalizing.)"
Our ignorance of our wants and desires is well-established in psychology. Several years ago Timothy Wilson conducted one of the first studies to illustrated this. He asked female college students to pick their favorite posters from five options: a van Gogh, a Monet and three humorous cat posters. He divided them into two groups: The first (non-thinkers) was instructed to rate each poster on a scale from 1 to 9. The second (analyzers) answered questionnaires asking them to explain why they liked or disliked each of them. Finally, Wilson gave each subject her favorite poster to take home.
Wilson discovered that the preferences of the two groups were quite different. About 95 percent of the non-thinkers went with van Gogh or Monet. On the other hand, the analyzers went with the humorous cat poster about 50 percent of the time. The surprising results of the experiment showed themselves a few weeks later. In a series of follow-up interviews, Wilson found that the non-thinkers were much more satisfied with their posters. What explains this? One author says that, "the women who listened to their emotions ended up making much better decisions than the women who relied on their reasoning powers. The more people thought about which posters they wanted, the more misleading their thoughts became. Self-analysis resulted in less self-awareness."
Wilson found similar results with an experiment involving jams. And other researchers, including Ap Dijksterhuis of Radboud University in the Netherlands, have also demonstrated that we know if we like something, but we don't know why and the more time we spend deliberating the worse off we are. Freud, then, was right: we're not even the masters of our own house.
Our tendency to make up reasons for our preferences is of particular importance for advertisers, who sometimes rely on focus groups. But if we don't know what we like, then how are ad agencies supposed to know what we like? The TV shows The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Seinfeld, for example, are famous for testing terribly even though they went on to be two of the most popular shows in the history of TV. By the same token, many shows that tested well, flopped. As Philip Graves, author of Consumer.ology reminds us: "As long as we protect the illusion that we ourselves are primarily conscious agents, we pander to the belief that we can ask people what they think and trust what we hear in response. After all, we like to tell ourselves we know why we do what we do, so everyone else must be capable of doing the same, mustn't they?"
Stories of the failures of market research are not uncommon. Here's one from Gladwell.com:
At the beginning of the '80s, I was a product manager at General Electric, which at the time had a leading market share in the personal audio industry (radios, clock radios, cassette recorders, etc.). Sony had just introduced the Walkman, and we were trying to figure out how to react. Given the management structure of the day, we needed to prove the business case. Of course, we did focus groups!
Well, the groups we did were totally negative. This was after the Walkman had been on the scenes for months, maybe a year. The groups we did felt that personal music would never take off. Would drivers have accidents? Would bicycle riders get hit by drivers?
If we listened to "typical" consumers, the whole concept was DOA.
This type of reaction is probably the reason that there is the feeling of a "technological determination" on the part of the electronics community. It leads to the feeling that you should NEVER listen to the consumer, and just go about introducing whatever CAN be produced.
At the time, we had a joke about Japanese (Sony/Panasonic/JVC) market research. "Just introduce something. If it sells, make more of it." It's one way of doing business. One the other hand, when I was hired by a Japanese company in the mid-80′s, I was asked how GE could get by with introducing such a limited number of models. Simple, I said, "We tested them before we introduced them."
History tells which method has worked better.
One person who understood this was Steve Jobs. He never cared for market research or focus groups because, as he once said, "people don't know what they want until you show it to them." Instead, Jobs was a pseudoPlatonist about his products. He believed that there was an ideal music player, phone, tablet and computer and trusted the customers to naturally recognize perfection when they saw it. When asked what market research went into the iPad, his New York Times obituary reports, Mr. Jobs replied: "None. It's not the consumers' job to know what they want."
I'm not the only we with an ancient Greek take on Jobs. Technology-theory contrarian Evgeny Morozov compared Jobs to Plato a few years back. He said:
The notion of essence as invoked by Jobs and Ive [the top Apple designer] is more interesting and significant—more intellectually ambitious—because it is linked to the ideal of purity. No matter how trivial the object, there is nothing trivial about the pursuit of perfection. On closer analysis, the testimonies of both Jobs and Ive suggest that they did see essences existing independently of the designer—a position that is hard for a modern secular mind to accept, because it is, if not religious, then, as I say, startlingly Platonic.
Does this mean all markers should think platonically? Not necessarily; Jobs, to be sure, was an outliner. But it does remind us that many times we don't know what we like.
- This is an update version of the post, which I originally published late Sunday night. Special shout out to the Farnam Street blog and the WSJ Ideas Market for some added quotes.


text:
Welcome to King Arthur Class
A warm welcome to the Year 2 class page. Please click on the Class Letter and Topic Map links for further information about what your children will be learning each term. These links also contain useful information, such as P.E. days, homework information, and a curriculum overview. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to come in to school and see either Miss Griffin or Mrs Parker.
We are very excited to be in Year 2
The adults in Year 2 are:
Miss Griffin – Class Teacher
Mrs Parker – Teaching Assistant
Mrs Mandy Boniface – Music Teacher & Mr Jack Bunter – Sports Coach (PPA cover)
TOPIC...
Autumn Term – Are we nearly there yet?
This history based topic will enable us to look at the landmarks we would pass on a journey to London, such as Cadbury Castle and Stonehenge and see how our landscapes and buildings have changed through the ages. We will then be able to examine the history of our capital city and see how the skyline has changed since the Great Fire of London in 1666. In Science this term we are looking at materials and their properties. This is a fantastically interesting topic on its own, but it will also help the children understand why wooden buildings burnt so quickly.
We're looking forward to our Spring Term Topic – Is the World in my Kitchen?
In Year 2 we are learning to become much more independent and resilient; as learners in our work and as negotiators in our play. To help us with this, Miss Griffin has set up a Challenge Area to help us consolidate our learning and practise other skills such as tying our own laces! Let us know of any challenges or independent skills the children are achieving at home.


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SOOS will work with GO-SHIP to advocate for sustained and, where appropriate, enhanced occupation of transects. SOOS also connects with GO-SHIP on data issues, through the efforts of JCOMMOPS.
Bernadette Sloyan (GO-SHIP Co-Chair)
Martin Kramp (JCOMMOPS, Ship Coordinator)
Mike Williams (SOOS SSC, GO-SHIP Committee member)
Future Earth is an international research initiative that will develop the knowledge for responding effectively to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change and for supporting transformation towards global sustainability in the coming decades.
SOOS connects with the Future Earth community through the science projects "Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER)", and "Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Studies (SOLAS)". These projects have a number of objectives that overlap with SOOS interests, either regionally or thematically. For example, IMBER is involved in the identification of Essential Ocean Variables for ecosystems, and SOLAS is involved in SOOS air-sea flux activities.
Lisa Madden (IMBER Deputy Executive Officer)
Eileen Hofmann (IMBER SSC Chair)
Brian Ward (SOLAS SSC Member)
Emilie Breviere (SOLAS Executive Officer)
IPAB is a joint initiative of WCRP, CliC and SCAR, and works with international participants to maintain a network of drifting buoys in the Southern Ocean, in particular over sea ice, to provide meteorological and oceanographic data for real-time operational requirements and research purposes.
IPAB contributes to SOOS through the coordination and management of important data on meteorologically and oceanographically important variables.
IOCCP is a joint initiative of SCOR and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. IOCCP promotes the development of a global network of ocean carbon observations for research through technical coordination and communication services, international agreements on standards and methods, and advocacy and links to the global observing systems.
IOCCP is charged with defining biogeochemical oceanographic EOVs for GOOS. SOOS therefore connects with the IOCCP community through EOV activities and products. IOCCP also provide input and recommendations to SOOS on matters related to carbon and biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean. In support of this connection, an IOCCP ex-officio sits on the SOOS Scientific Steering Committee and attends relevant meetings.
Maciej Telszewski (IOCCP ex-officio to SOOS, IOCCP Project Director)
In the Southern Ocean, seals often forage under and around sea ice, where Argo floats and ships struggle to go. Oceanographic data loggers are attached to mammals, providing information on their foraging behaviour temperature, depth and salinity (CTD profiles). The MEOP program brings together national programs from Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Norway, South Africa, UK and USA, and has so far collected more than 300 000 CTD profiles in polar waters. These datasets are freely available for download from MEOP and from the Integrated Marine Observing System.
MEOP makes a significant contribution to SOOS through coordination, quality control and delivery of important data on predator movements and behaviour, and temperature and salinity. SOOS will work with MEOP and national contributors to advocate for the continued delivery of this key data stream. Communication with MEOP is maintained through respective project offices, and through data management activities.
Dan Costa (SOOS SSC)
The OOPC is a scientific expert advisory group charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors; the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), GOOS and WCRP.
OOPC is charged with defining physical oceanographic EOVs for GOOS and GCOS. Where appropriate SOOS connects with the OOPC community through EOV activities and products.
Katherine Hill (OOPC Technical Officer)
POGO is a forum for leaders of major oceanographic institutions around the world to promote global oceanography, particularly the implementation of international and integrated global ocean observing systems. POGO is an international network of collaborators who foster partnerships that advance efficiency and effectiveness in studying and monitoring the world's oceans on a global scale.
POGO officially endorsed SOOS in 2012. SOOS provides regular updates to POGO members, resulting in a number of official statements of support for SOOS data management and observational activities. Communication is maintained through both the respective project offices, and through joint membership of SOOS members on the POGO committee.
Michael Meredith (BAS rep to POGO, SOOS SSC member)
Richard Coleman (IMAS rep to POGO, SOOS Sponsor)
Sophie Seeyave (POGO Executive Director)
SCAR is an interdisciplinary body of the International Council for Science (ICSU), with the mission to be the leading, independent, non-governmental facilitator, coordinator, and advocate of excellence in Antarctic and Southern Ocean science and research and to provide independent, sound, scientifically-based advice to the Antarctic Treaty System and other policy makers.
SCAR is a core sponsor of SOOS and provide governance and strategic support. Additionally, SCAR supports the annual SOOS Scientific Steering Committee meeting. Many SCAR Scientific, Expert and Action Groups provide important input and data, and are key stakeholders in the observing and data system that SOOS is developing. SOOS also represents a significant proportion of SCAR Southern Ocean expertise and is therefore important in providing information and advise on Southern Ocean requirements to SCAR. Connection between SOOS and SCAR communities is strong, and is maintained through regular communication between respective project offices, involvement of SCAR representatives at SOOS meetings, and comprehensive annual reports.
Jenny Baeseman (Director)
SCOR is an Interdisciplinary Body of the International Council for Science (ICSU) that coordinates and facilitates activities with focus on promoting international cooperation in planning and conducting oceanographic research, and solving methodological and conceptual problems that hinder research. SCOR covers all areas of ocean science and cooperates with other organisations with common interests to conduct many SCOR activities.
SCOR is a core sponsor of SOOS and provides governance and strategic support. Additionally, SCOR supports the annual SOOS Scientific Steering Committee meeting. SOOS also makes connections with SCOR through its focussed Working Group and Research Group activities. Connection between communities is maintained through regular communication between the SCOR Director and the SOOS Executive Officer, a SCOR ex-officio is invited to all SOOS SSC meetings, SOOS provides comprehensive annual reports to SCOR and is presented at the annual SCOR EXCOM meeting.
Ed Urban (Director)
WCRP is a program of the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP) and is sponsored by WMO, UNESCO, IOC and ICSU. The mission of WCRP is to facilitate analysis and prediction of Earth system variability and change for use in an increasing range of practical applications of direct relevance, benefit and value to society. The two overarching objectives of the WCRP are 1) to determine the predictability of climate; and 2) to determine the effect of human activities on climate.
SOOS is endorsed by the WCRP "Climate and Cryosphere (CliC)" and "Climate Variability and Modelling (CLIVAR)" projects, both of which were involved in the development of SOOS following the International Polar Year. SOOS and WCRP projects work together on issues of mutual interest, such as the identification of air-sea flux essential variables for climate, and articulation of Southern Ocean requirements for satellite data. Communication between SOOS and WCRP is maintained through respective project offices and a number of SOOS Scientific Steering Committee members are also representatives on WCRP panels, further enhancing this connection.
The WMO is a specialised agency of the United Nations. It is the UN system's authoritative voice on the state and behaviour of the Earth's atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting distribution of water resources.
SOOS has connections to WMO through the Polar activities of the Executive Council Panel of Experts on Polar Observations, Research and Services (EC-PORS), and the Polar Space Task Group (PSTG). SOOS connects with these communities on specific activities and products when required.
Mark Drinkwater (WMO PSTG Chair)
Miroslav Ondras (WMO EC-PORS)
The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) is one of the key elements of the WMO-WWRP-WCRP Polar Prediction Project, and has the mission to enable a significant improvement in environmental prediction capabilities for the polar regions and beyond, by coordinating a period of intensive observing, modelling, verification, user-engagement and education activities.
In 2015, SOOS worked with SORP to outline a community comment on the YOPP Implementation Plan, which was predominantly Arctic focussed. This paper outlined priority areas for collaborative effort between communities, highlighting in particular, that all efforts should be made to align field and modelling efforts. As a result of this paper, YOPP has developed a Southern Hemisphere subcommittee to further planning and activities in this region. Both SOOS and SORP have representatives on this committee.


text:
American Folk Art MuseumArticle Free Pass
Since its first incarnation in 1963—when it was known as the Museum of Early American Folk Arts—the museum has focused on collecting and displaying important works in a variety of media created by self-taught American artists and artisans. This it carried out to critical acclaim under difficult circumstances and at changing venues. It was renamed the Museum of American Folk Art in 1966 and the American Folk Art Museum in 2001, when it moved to a new purpose-built location. From 2001 to 2011 the museum occupied that facility, but the building later was sold and the collection returned to the location it had occupied in 1989–2001.
The museum's permanent collection includes fine art and Americana dating from the 17th century to contemporary times, with objects ranging from weather vanes to more-traditional fine art, such as paintings, drawings, and photographs. Textiles, quilts, sculptures, and other three-dimensional pieces offer insights into various elements of American cultural heritage. A focal point of the 20th-century collection is the work of Henry Darger, a Chicago folk artist who produced more than 30,000 pages of text and 300 watercolours, many more than 9 feet (2.7 metres) long. Darger worked in total obscurity until just before his death in 1973.
What made you want to look up "American Folk Art Museum"? Please share what surprised you most...


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This year's ESA's Φ-week event started on September 28 and would last until October 2. It showcases a series of stimulating speeches about Digital Twin Earth, an update on Φ-sat-1, and an exciting novel initiative that involves quantum computing.
ESA's 2020 Φ-week gives people to connect and form networks with experts, scientists, educators, students, developers, global industries, start-ups, and institutions in the field of space. It aims to explore the latest applications of transformative technologies and inspire early-career scientists, citizens, entrepreneurs.
Digital Twin Earth
The Φ-week event goes virtual this year and focuses on how Earth observation contributes to Digital Twin Earth. The Digital Twin Earth provides a precise representation of Earth's past, present, and future changes.
Through Digital Twin World, human and nature activity on the planet will be visualized, monitored, and forecasted. Digital Twin Eart will monitor the Earth's health and conduct simulations of the interconnected system of Earth with human behavior, and support viable development that reinforces Europe's efforts for a better environment in response to Green Deal's the urgent challenges and targets.
Experts will discuss the concept, practical implementation, and infrastructure of the Digital Twin Earth and exhibit insights on the way industries. The community contributes to making the project successful during the ESA's 2020 Φ-week.
Updates on Φ-sat-1
On September 3, the first artificial technology (AI) was launched onboard the European Earth Observation Mission. The Φ-sat-1 is the first of its kind and the first experiment in improving the efficiency of sending vast quantities of data back to Earth.
ESA and cosine remote sensing are delighted to reveal on the first day of ESA's Φ-week event that the Deep Convolutional Neural Network has performed the first-ever hardware-accelerated artificial intelligence inference Earth observation images on an in-orbit satellite. It was the University of Pisa that developed the Deep Convolutional Neural Network.
The ɸ-sat-1 was successful in prefiltering Earth observation data. Only the essential usable part of the image is downlinked to the ground, which improves the bandwidth utilization and significantly reduces the aggregated costs of the downlink.
Initial data coming from the satellite showed that that the automatic cloud detection algorithm operated by the AI has correctly filtered hyperspectral Earth observation imagery from the sensor of the satellite into cloudy and non-cloudy pixels.
As mentioned in the opening speech, the novel initiative involving quantum computing exploits quantum phenomena like superposition, entanglement, and tunneling to improve performance, decrease computational costs, and solve intractable problems in Earth observation.
The novel initiative uses artificial intelligence to support programs like Digital Twin Earth and Corpenicus in creating a quantum capability that can solve the demanding Earth observation problems. Quantum computing will be developed at ESA's Φ-lab at ESA's center for Earth observation in Italy that embraces transformational observation.
ESA and CERN collaborated on many projects before, and this will be extended to the CERN Quantum Technology Initiative announced last June this year by Fabiola Gianotti, CERN Director-General.
Through this, both ESA and CERN will make new synergies and build on their shared experience in data mining, big data, and pattern recognition.
Check out for more news and information on ESA at Science Times.


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Here are some sample conversions for basic vector types:
NULL is transformed to RNull:
Here is an internal form of a list of integers:
A list of reals:
A list of complex numbers:
A list of logical values (True or False):
A list of strings:
A list with missing elements:
However, lists of elements of different types will be interpreted as an R list. For example:
The previous example illustrates that the full internal RLink form is often rather inconvenient to work with.
Here is an internal form of an integer matrix:
You can notice three things here: first, matrix data is stored in a one-dimensional list. Second, the matrix is converted to a column-major order, since this corresponds to how it is stored in R. Finally, matrix dimensions are stored in the "dim" attribute.
Ragged (irregular) lists will be interpreted as R lists:
The same is true for lists containing elements of different types:
When you have to give your R object some extra attributes, you must wrap what you would normally construct in an RObject head and add attributes wrapped in an RAttributes head:
To perform the reverse operation and obtain a short form from the full internal form for a given expression representing some R object, you can use FromRForm:
The list, which is the value of the "myAtt" attribute for this object, was returned in a slightly different form. This is consistent with scalars being treated by R as one-element vectors, but can become a problem if you always rely on automatic type identification:
This problem and the recommended solution are discussed in more detail in the documentation page for RList.
Regardless of the way interprets things, the cycle to FromRForm should always return the same expression, except "dressing" scalars in extra lists.


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Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library
Commission Brief: Architect Mies van der Rohe was commissioned to design a structure to house the main branch of the District of Columbia Public Library. The commission followed a determination to replace the a white marble, Beaux Arts Carnegie Library located at 801 K Street at Mount Vernon Square. As with many other library modernization projects of the era, the Carnegie structure was deemed outdated and overcrowded.
Design Brief: The Fine Arts Commission, which oversaw the design competition, required a flexible interior plan and a capacity to create an addition when needed. In addition, they specified the need for prominent points of vertical communication in the form of elevators and dumbwaiters in the design of the library. Prior to this structure, the Commission had never approved a Modernist design for Washington D.C. The design entailed a 400,000 square ft., four story building of steel, glass, and brick. There was a potential fifth story addition prefigured in the design and three underground stories that included a parking level for 100 automobiles.
Building/Construction: Construction on the building began in 1968 and was scheduled to finish in 1970, however it continued through the summer of 1972. The architect Mies van der Rohe died in 1969 while the building was still under construction.
The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library is a rectangular 400,000 square foot building with four stories above ground and three below, with the bottom most level consisting of a parking garage. Composed of a steel frame, curtain wall, and columnar grid it incorporates all functions in a remarkably bilateral fashion. Built in the metropolitan environment of Washington D.C., the building was designed to serve the needs of library patrons, community groups, and librarians. As such, the structure concentrates upon vertical integration between all its levels, ensuring ease of flow and communication. Constructed of matte black steel, brick, and bronzed-tinted glass, the building exemplifies Mies van der Rohe's mature sense of "Skin and Bones" architecture. Large tinted windows provide the primary conceptual statement of the building's exterior, They create a shaded view of the books inside while simultaneously demonstrating the transparency of a public institution. With no major structural changes over time, the building remains a testament to the original time period and intent of the architect. As the sole library designed by Mies, the structure stands as his only interpretation of what the form of the library, and in turn the public realm of knowledge, entailed. With an open central space surrounded on all sides by book-stacks, offices, and meeting rooms, the library was outfitted with the most modern of technological conveniences at the time of its creation including book conveyor belts, pneumatic tubes, and dumbwaiters to speed conveyance from floor to floor. The building has few fixed walls and a very open floor plan, illustrating Mies' conception that the public space would need to evolve over time to remain relevant.
Name(s) of surrounding area / building(s): The building is situated within the central Washington D.C. area, embedded between such iconic structures as the White House and Capitol Buildings. It sits at a diagonal across from the National Portrait Gallery / Smithsonian American Art Museum, an 1836 Greek-Revival building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Buildings.
Visual Relations: The building is situated within the classical milieu of Downtown Washington, D.C. and is in direct site-line with the National Portrait Gallery / Smithsonian.
Functional Relations: The buildings are not functionally related although both the library and museum serve educational purposes and are open to the public. Many of the downtown buildings are civic in nature and representative of both national and local governmental identity.
Other Relations: The buildings are related in their disparate architectural genesis, the Modern International Style of the library acts as a counterpoint to the Greek Revival Museum and for many the two buildings act as vying symbols of what downtown Washington D.C. should embody.
Completed Situation: When the building was completed it occupied almost the entire block between 9th and 10th Streets NW along G Street.
Original Situation or Character of Site: The original character of the site was urban in nature and was bought from several individuals in 1961 by the Library Board of Trustees. The buildings upon the street primarily housed small retail establishments. Completed in 1972, the building was envisioned and constructed in a markedly different technological realm than today. At the time, there was no provision for the Internet, and the library showcased prominent built in card catalogues to disseminate information. Today, patrons view these features as an indicator of the obsolescence of the building for use as an urban library. Further, with the disrepair of many of the building's systems, many perceive the library as rundown and outmoded. The current mayor of Washington DC, and many others in the city government want to move the library from the Mies van der Rohe building to the site of the old Washington DC Convention Center several blocks away as part of a downtown redevelopment scheme. Declaring the need for a "twenty first century library", the mayor has made the fate of the library a central issue. In this plan, the District of Columbia would lease the Mies building to a private owner. Many preservationists and civic groups decry the move and a civic fight has begun. In 2000, volunteer architects from the Washington D.C. chapter of the AIA commissioned a revitilization study that would alter the building's interior and introduce a skylight to maintain its functional use as a library. This plan was never adopted and the current dialogue points to the city abandoning the building in 2007 or 2008. There is no indication, however, that the building will be torn down. Ultimately, the building is in a deep state of disrepair and regardless of its future function needs functional repair.
The building was designed to be the penultimate modern library. Equipped with state of the art technological services, a simple rectangular form, and large interior spaces broken by ordered, spare columns the building expressed the cool rationality of disciplined scholarship. The structural materials are successful and the framework of the building is technically laudable. The building exhibits experimentation and innovation in typology, with a myriad of functions flowing through a simple rectangular grid.
As a social expression, Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library was deeply innovative for its time. The building was the first Modernist structure commissioned by the Art Commission of the District of Columbia and represented a social turning point for a tradition bound civic definition of architecture in Washington, D.C. Located in the heart of the downtown area, and the successor to the classical Carnegie Library, the building was a conscious effort to commission an updated, innovative, and technologically advanced structure into the civic enterprise and fabric of Washington D.C. By inserting this building into the L'Enfant designed center of Washington D.C., the city's government was striving for a new city expression. In addition, the building was Mies first and only application of his principles to a library and remains a testament to Modernist applications upon everyday, public life.
Mies designed the building to encapsulate a multitude of needs into a simple, clean form. The exterior, clad in tinted glass curtain walls and steel exudes a stylistically regulated and constrained façade that exhibits an unbroken rhythm upon the street. The rhythm is heightened, both literally and figuratively, by the existence of a colonnade on the street level of the building, where the steel frame rests upon regularly spaced thrusting columns. The desire for complex patterns of circulation, both of people and of books, dominates the concern of the interior, with all seven floors (four above ground three below) striving to create a vertical unity through regularly placed elevator shafts and stairwells, and a myriad of open spaces leading to rooms with specific collections and functional uses. Canonical Status: At the time of its inception, the building was lauded by both architecture critics and the general public as being a seamless application of Mies' architectural principles to the concept of a library. The Washington Post architecture critic, Wolf Von Eckardt, stated that, "by the utter, pristine simplicity of the design…it is in itself a work of art, undoubtedly the best example of the art of modern architecture…in Washington D.C." As the first library designed by Mies, too, it represented an innovative Modernist solution to the problem of a technologically and systematically designed space for late twentieth century society.
The Records of the Commission of Fine Arts holds correspondence pertaining to the commission and construction of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Library: The National Archives: Records of the Commission of Fine Arts. Washington D.C. National Archives and Records Administration 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20408-0001 There are many books written on the work of Mies van der Rohe, several notable of which are: Johnson, Philip C. Mies van der Rohe. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1947.
Zukowsky, John. Mies Reconsidered: His Career, Legacy, and Disciples. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1986.
Schulze, Franz. An Illustrated Catalogue of Mies van der Rohe Drawings in the Museum of Modern Art, Part II: _PHONE_, The American Work. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc: 1992. Pg. 355-415.
Carter, Peter. Mies van der Rohe At Work. London: Phaidon Press, 1999.


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Contracting with Vendors, Exhibitors and Suppliers
Clearly communicating your zero waste message to vendors, exhibitors,suppliers and waste diversion service providers early in the event planning process is important so that they are aware of your diversion goals and clearly understand their roles as it relates to those goals.
Vendors – particularly food vendors – are the major contributor to the quantities of waste generated at most events. Much of the waste comes from disposable dishware, cutlery and cups, beverage containers, and food scraps. Food preparation discards (e.g., corn cob skins, potato peelings) and packaging materials can make up a large portion of waste generated behind the scenes.
If your zero waste plans include organics waste collection, then you will need to inform your vendors and exhibitors of this, and of their related responsibilities, prior to contracting with them. Some education of these groups may be needed to inform them of what materials can be composted. You will also need to check with waste diversion service provider receiving your organic waste to see what types of biodegradable and compostable materials they will accept and share this information in your contracts with vendors, exhibitors and suppliers. You should note that not all "biodegradable" materials are necessarily "compostable" in all municipal centralized composting systems. [see Understanding "Biodegradable" and "Compostable" module]
- Inform vendors, exhibitors and suppliers – prior to contracting – that your event will be zero waste and talk to them about what they can do to meet your zero waste policy.
- Find out in advance what types and amounts of materials vendors and exhibitors are likely to use and dispose of and when (e.g., during set-up, at the end of the event). How these materials should be dealt with should be laid out in your zero waste plan.
- Work with these vendors to find areas where wastes can be reduced and/or avoided. (e.g. Can goods be delivered with returnable packaging?)
- Consider having meetings with vendors, exhibitors and suppliers prior to the event to discuss waste collection.
- Incorporate a specific zero waste clause in vendor/exhibitor/supplier contracts and agreements. Identify any specific items that are disallowed on site because they can't be recycled (e.g., polystyrene). Suggest alternatives where necessary.
- Be clear with vendors and exhibitors about how waste needs to be separated and collected, and give them the tools (e.g., collection bins, signage) to be able to do it properly.
- If your event decides to use a "dishwashing" system with reusable plates and containers, ensure that vendors are "on board" with this system well in advance of the event.
- Watch for unauthorized marketers/sellers on the site. They may be selling trinkets or disposable items that contradict the zero waste message of your event and add to waste volumes.
Global Best Practice
What is Centralizing Composting?
Municipalities use centralized systems to turn municipal food and plant waste into valuable compost. The systems vary by municipality and include the following:
Learn More About This Event >>
- Open Windrow Composting – involves forming windrows of organic materials and periodically turning the windrows to improve aeration and mixing
- Covered Aerated Static Pile Composting - organic waste is placed over a network of perforated pipes, typically on an engineered base, and then covered with a membrane permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide but impermeable to larger molecules
- In-Vessel Composting - composting takes place in a controlled manner in an enclosed vessel or chamber
- Vermiculture - organic waste is fed to and processed by worms
- Anaerobic Digestion - organic waste is degrade by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment, producing biogas as a by-product
Window into Zero Waste
Glastonbury Festival, U.K.
The vendor permit for the Glastonbury Festival specified what type of foodware could be used and banned the use of certain disposables. Sellers were only allowed to serve food and drinks on biodegradable paper plates, cups and use wooden utensils. Wholesalers of biodegradable products were on site to sell to vendors. A non-profit composting group was engaged to monitor vendors and service providers. 15,000 bins around the site are labelled for different types of recyclable materials. About 50% of waste is recycled, which is a larger amount than for most UK towns.
Learn More About This Event >>


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Indexed on: 14 Mar '12Published on: 14 Mar '12Published in: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz
Continuing advances in modern data acquisition techniques result in rapidly growing amounts of geo-referenced data about moving objects and in emergence of new data types. We define episodic movement data as a new complex data type to be considered in the research fields relevant to data analysis. In episodic movement data, position measurements may be separated by large time gaps, in which the positions of the moving objects are unknown and cannot be reliably reconstructed. Many of the existing methods for movement analysis are designed for data with fine temporal resolution and cannot be applied to discontinuous trajectories. We present an approach utilising Visual Analytics methods to explore and understand the temporal variation of spatial situations derived from episodic movement data by means of spatio-temporal aggregation. The situations are defined in terms of the presence of moving objects in different places and in terms of flows (collective movements) between the places. The approach, which combines interactive visual displays with clustering of the spatial situations, is presented by example of a real dataset collected by Bluetooth sensors.


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Family businesses can face demanding challenges due to relationships and emotions between family members and their different objectives.
For example, who will take succession of the business? How can this be achieved efficiently and without friction? What if the unexpected occurs? How can family wealth be preserved?
Having a business succession and personal estate plan in place may be essential and we have considerable experience in this. We can help you make the right decisions for you, your family and your business.
We can help you with:
- Wills and probate.
- Shareholders agreements.
- Share option agreements.
- Consideration of gifts and inheritance tax, capital gains tax.


ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
 - This word is frequently used in its proper sense, for fastening a tent (Ex. 35:18; 39:40), yoking animals to a cart (Isa. 5:18), binding prisoners (Judg. 15:13; Ps. 2:3; 129:4), and measuring ground (2 Sam. 8:2; Ps. 78:55).
 - DEATH—Figuratively, death is spoken of as the giving way of the tent-cord (Job 4:21. "Is not their tent-cord plucked up?" Revised Version).
 - TO GIRD ONE'S SELF WITH A CORD was a token of sorrow and humiliation.
 - TO STRETCH A LINE OVER A CITY meant to level it with the ground (Lam. 2:8).
 - THE "CORDS OF SIN" are the consequences or fruits of sin (Prov. 5:22).
 - A "THREEFOLD CORD" is a symbol of union (Eccl. 4:12).
 - THE "CORDS OF A MAN" (Hos. 11:4) means that men employ, in inducing each other, methods such as are suitable to men, and not "cords" such as oxen are led by.
 - CORDS OF VANITY—Isaiah (5:18) says,
 This verse is thus given in the Chaldee paraphrase:
 Henderson in his commentary says:


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100+ Morning Messages for Children, Teachers, and Principals
By: Lori Schneider, Ed.D
About the Book
100+ Morning Messages for Children, Teachers, and Principals:
Principals or Teachers can meet with students each morning using these ready-made messages By Dr. Lori Schneider
As students grow and advance in their educational career, there are many lessons that they learn. The lessons can also be used in their adult lives. To help these lessons spread and teach kids learning strategies, Lori Schneider has written a book of the best learning strategies for students of all ages. These will help students improve their social, emotional, behavioral, and intellectual growth.
About the Author
Lori Schneider has been in the education system for 28 years. She has been a teacher, assistant principal and now has been a principal over the last 14 years. While she is not watching her students grow into amazing adults, she loves to ski or go to the ocean.
(2020, Paperback, 54 Pages)


Cat and Dog Fur Trim
Voice for Animals is against the use of any animal for fur. However, the dog and cat fur issue has strongly captured attention in both the US and in Canada. Every year, around Valentine's Day, Edmonton and other cities across Canada hold a fur protest to raise awareness about this issue.
Most people are unaware that each year over 2 million dogs and cats, sometimes former pets, are brutally slaughtered for the fur trade, mostly in China, Taiwan and the Philippines. Undercover investigations have revealed that cat and dog skins are used to make trim for a variety of products which are shipped all over the world, including Canada.
The investigations have also revealed that the animals are kept in horrendous conditions, such as in unsanitary, cold, cramped and damp cages. Some were beaten, stabbed or strangled before being brutally butchered; some have been skinned alive. Consumers are unaware of this brutal cruelty because the fur-trimmed clothing (including, jackets, hats and gloves), toys, figurines and novelty items they purchase may be trimmed, dyed and processed to look like faux fur; many have also been deliberately mislabeled as "rabbit" or "fox" or other species.
The United States, Australia and the European Union have banned this cruelty. Incredibly, Canada has not enacted legislation banning the import and sale of cat and dog fur; it currently remains legal to import and sell cat and dog fur here! As well, Canada has no legislation that would make the labeling of fur products mandatory. The Canadian Textile and Labelling Act does not require that animal pelts or hides be labeled, so consumers are being deceived about the fur products they buy! Help stop this horrible cruelty and deception.
1. Support Bill C-296 which, if passed, will ban the import and sale of cat and dog fur and will make the labeling of fur products mandatory in Canada.
Download, print and help collect signatures for The Associations for the Protection of Fur-Bearing Animals' petition (_URL_) to ban the import and sale of all cat and dog fur in Canada and to ensure that all fur products have a label indicating species of origin.
2. Contact your local Member of Parliament and the Prime Minister.
3. Help raise awareness about this issue by ordering and distributing the leaflet: Could you be wearing dog or cat fur? from _URL_ to local junior/high schools, colleges, universities and organizations.
4. Expose the brutality of the fur industry by writing letters to the editor. As well, post links to our website and to
_URL_ on your Facebook page and on other social media.
5. Obtain permission to set up aninformation table/booth at an event. Have leaflets, petitions and other information on it for distribution. Purchase and show the video "Silent Screams" at the event.
6. No animal should be butchered for
their fur. Say NO! to all fur and fur trim products!
Fur Overview
In 1987, Edmonton animal rights activists decided something had to be done about the cruel fur industry. At that time, sales of fur were high and wearing furs was considered prestigious by many. After years of picketing along "fur row" - Jasper Ave. between 103 and 104 St., our efforts started to show results.
The following chart shows the decline in the fur industry in Edmonton since 1988.
Date No. of Retail Fur Stores No. Wholesale & Manuf.
1988 18 9
1991 17 10
1994 13 6
1997 9 6
2000 7 4
2004 3 1
2008 2 1
2013 2 0
The federal government has been very supportive of the fur industry in Canada there have been huge subsidies to the industry paid for by Canadian taxpayers. Attempts to get legislation to protect fur bearing animals have proved futile.
We are therefore focusing on educating the public about the cruelty of the fur industry. By showing pictures of the suffering that both trapped and farmed animals endure and appealing to people's sense of compassion, we hope to put an end to this industry.
Our current campaign against the fur industry is called "Before and After". We want to impress on people that the animals used in the making of fur coats and fur trim are beautiful, sentient creatures that literally have their skin ripped off their back.
Before and After:
The three most common types of traps are:
1. Steel-jaw leg hold traps
2. Conibear or body gripping traps
3. Spring trap
Fur Facts:
Trapping - did you know:
 - Steel-jaw leg hold traps cause excruciating pain, crushing the leg of the animal and often tearing flesh and breaking bones
 - Trapped animals suffer in traps for hours or even days
 - They endure pain, hunger, thirst and exposure to the elements
 - The trapper returns to kill them by crushing their neck or chest or bludgeoning them to death
 - One in four animals caught in a leg hold trap will chew off their limb to escapeFor every animal trapped for its fur another 4 "trash" animals are caught and killed
 - A coat made from a trapped animal uses 3 times as much energy to produce as a synthetic fur coat
Farming - did you know:
 - Animals spend their entire lives confined to tiny, filthy cages
 - The animals are driven to many kinds of abnormal behaviour such as frenetic, repetitive movements, cannibalism and self-mutilation
 - They are killed by anal or vaginal electrocution, neck snapping and gassing, often with inappropriate gas that doesn't always kill the animal and it is skinned while still alive
 - A factory farmed fur coat takes 15 times as much energy to produce as a synthetic fur coat
2017 Voice for Animals Society