If you've ever found an extraneous nub of tissue protruding from your skin—especially around your neck, armpits, or groin—you're not alone. Known to doctors as acrochordons, skin tags are growths, most often found in the folds of your skin, like in your armpits. While it can be alarming to see any kind of growth on your skin, skin tags are completely harmless, and very common. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, they occur in as much as half the adult population. Here's what you should know about skin tags—including how to remove them.
What are skin tags, exactly?
Technically, a skin tag is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor made up of collagen fibers, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels. They're usually flesh colored, about the size of a grain of rice, and look like a little flap of skin connected to the body by a small stalk of tissue called a peduncle. While they're most commonly found in the folds of your skin around your armpits, groin, neck, and sometimes eyelids, they can appear elsewhere on the body, too. They tend to affect middle-aged people more than young people, but they can happen to anyone.
What causes skin tags?
_URL_ Mandziuk
Scientists don't really know what causes skin tags. The friction of skin rubbing on skin may play a role, which would explain why they tend to form in the folds of your armpits and neck. There may be a genetic component, too—if your parents are prone to skin tags, you probably are as well. Recent studies have also linked a higher incidence of skin tags to conditions like obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. Hormonal changes seem to play a role, too, since many women develop skin tags during pregnancy. Studies of biopsied skin tags have found that some low-risk forms of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are often present in the tissue. However, the tags themselves are harmless (and not contagious), and they don't need to be treated.
How do I get rid of a skin tag?
Just because skin tags are common doesn't mean they aren't bothersome. If your skin tags irk you, either because they rub against clothing, or get caught in jewelry, or itch, or just because you don't like the way they look, you may want to have them removed. If you do want to get rid of them, you have a few different options.
First off, most dermatologists recommend getting your skin tags checked out by a professional. It's possible to misdiagnose them, and you don't want to ignore a more serious medical issue. Your doctor can confirm that your lesions are, in fact, skin tags, and that they aren't a sign of something like insulin resistance.
From there, there are a few different ways to remove skin tags. A doctor might cut it off with a scalpel, freeze it with liquid nitrogen (much like they would a wart), or cauterize it with an electric device.
Can I get rid of a skin tag at home?
Since skin tags aren't harmful to your health, health insurance plans typically don't cover removal services in a doctor's office. It's considered a cosmetic procedure, unless the skin tag is particularly irritating or prone to bleeding, and can cost hundreds of dollars out of pocket.
So it's no surprise that people would rather remove their skin tags without visiting a medical facility. Many dermatologists strongly recommend having a licensed doctor remove your skin tags rather than trying to excise them at home, cautioning that improper removal can result in infection and scarring. But some medical authorities say it's OK to remove small tags at home.
The UK's NHS notes that if you have a small skin tag, it may be possible to remove it yourself with sterile (we repeat: sterile) scissors, though that seems like a pretty risky proposition to us. The health authority warns that you should never try to remove a large skin tag yourself because of the risk of bleeding. (Also, please do not attempt to remove a skin tag on your eyelids or other sensitive areas at home.)
The Claritag at-home skin tag removal deviceClaritag, Walmart
There are a few at-home devices that are designed to be idiot-proof methods of removing skin tags. Mental Floss tested out Claritag's "squeeze and freeze" skin tag removal device, which works very similarly to an at-home wart removal kit. Available from Walmart and Amazon for $50 for 10 treatments, the dermatologist-developed gadget is much cheaper than a visit to the doctor. The easy-to-set up, tweezer-like device encloses your hanging skin tag with foam pads soaked in a liquid cooling agent, freezing the extraneous tissue. The treatment itself takes only a few seconds, and is designed to remove your skin tag within two weeks. (It simply falls off as the area underneath it heals.)
Other devices, like TagBand ($12.50 on Amazon), use a rubber band to cut off the blood supply to the skin tag, achieving the same result: The skin tag dies and falls off within a week or so.
However, while some websites recommend using essential oils like tea tree oil to treat skin tags, there's no scientific evidence to show that those remedies work. That means you should probably stay away from the patchand gel-based removal treatments that tout their natural ingredients.
If you have a large number of skin tags, have particularly large ones, or have them on your face, eyes, or groin, though, you're out of luck—you should go see a doctor to get them removed.


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Jealousy is a negative feeling which is similar to envy. You feel jealous of someone when he or she possesses something that you don't have. It might be money, some unique personality trait or any kind of achievement made by a person because of which he or she is envied by his or her contemporaries. In Christian Mythology, jealousy has been regarded as the green-eyed monster which mocks the meat that it feeds on. Jealousy is not considered a positive feeling in any way.
Jealousy has been considered to be the love bed of the burning snarl. In the words of Aristotle, "Jealousy is both reasonable and belongs to reasonable men, while envy is base and belongs to the base, for the one makes himself get good things by jealousy, while the other does not allow his neighbour to have them through envy."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Vital Facts On Why The Government Grants Rural Development Loans
It is helpful to understand why the government gives out Rural Development loans. When you drive through the countryside, you might notice a large number of vacant lots. Many folks would like to claim these properties and leave crowded cities far behind them. The federal government knows that full neighborhoods are good for local economies and so does what it can to fill them.
As you journey through the countryside, you might quickly spot large lots that have no structures on them. Many of these areas are up for sale. With a contract, you could transform a vacant lot into a new homestead.
Lots of individuals desire to abandon their lives in cities and claim quiet spaces for themselves. You might dream of raising your children in a peaceful environment. Those wishes can be realized with Rural Development loans.
The notion of the federal government giving away huge pieces of land is not a new one. In the early part of the last century, many settlers moved into the western and great plains states as participants in land grab programs. It is smart for federal employees to grant Rural Development loans. Homeowners pay taxes that fund helpful programs in their communities.
It is beneficial to comprehend why the government provides Rural Development loans. As you journey through the countryside, you could spot a lot of empty spaces. Many individuals would love to possess those spots and abandon crowded cities. The federal government does whatever is possible to fill scarcely populated towns.
Are you eligible for a Rural Development loan?
Apply for a USDA home loan now
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Things that are regarded clean in terms of Religion
* All of the earth (mines, waters, grass, trees, flowers, fruit, etc) the external parts of the bodies of all of the living beings are regarded clean unless something regarded as najasah ghalizah or khafifah smears on them.
Only the pig is an exception. Its flesh, external part of its body, that is, its hair and skin are all dirty. If the clothes or the hand touches it, the part that touches it becomes dirty. It becomes obligatory to wash that part.
Some scholars say it is permissible to use the hair of pig in making paintbrushes and in sewing shoes due to a necessity. That is, the paint applied by a paintbrush made of the hair of pig and the shoes sewn by thread made of the hair of pig are not regarded as dirty.
Shafiis regard the external part of the body of the dog as dirty just like the pig.
* The blood of the flea, lice and bedbug is clean too.
* The fish and other animals that live in water and die in water are clean. Their blood is clean, too. If it smears the clothes, the clothes are regarded clean.
* Small sprinkles of urine as small as a pinpoint or the eye of a needle do not cause najasah on the body or clothes. It is permissible to perform prayers with clothes sprinkled with urine like that.
However, if those sprinkles of urine fall into a small amount of water, that water becomes dirty.
* The smoke from najasah does not make a garment dirty when it touches the garment.
* The mud of the streets is regarded clean whether it is hard or soft whether it contains manure or not. Therefore, the clothes do not become dirty when mud smears on them.
* The water used in wudu or ghusl – they are called ma al-musta'mal (used water) in fiqh – is clean. Dirt can be cleaned with this water. However, wudu or ghusl cannot be made with that used water.
* If someone lies in a dirty bed or on dirty ground, his clothes are not regarded to be dirtied.
* Wet laundry or things laid on a dirty but dry place are not regarded dirty unless traces of dirt are seen on them.


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Why is it so difficult to create movement – never mind successful movement?
Remember, the law of movement says: All movement is governed by the integration of motivation, direction and structure.
If you want positive movement (greater success) you need to ensure the following:
- Clarity of and passion for the source of the motivation
- Accurate and simple direction
- Relevant structure
In essence, why do leaders fail at creating successful movement? They lose sight of the source of their motivation; the passion they once had for it fades! When the source of, and passion for motivation fades into the background, the accuracy of the direction suffers, because it ceases to be guided by an authentic source; it is now influenced by an unauthentic component, like ego, greed – and so the direction loses its simplicity. And what follows is structure (systems, procedures, and resources) becomes irrelevant.
But here is the challenge. While there is a universal law of movement, and a way to expand on that law, for greater success, there also exists a universal law of resistance.
It simply states: "All movement in life is accompanied by resistance." Common words we use to identify the presence of this law are: challenges, problems, obstacles, constraints, issues, etc. We walk into the leaders office and say – "We have a problem, challenge."
So where there is movement there is resistance – whether it is the car, you walking, a business, a country or a relationship.
Let's start simply.
When you drove to work today, was the law of resistance present? Were there obstacles, challenges, constraints? When you walked from your car to the office? In both instances the answer is yes.
First the obvious obstacles, constraints were – robots, cars, buildings. Then there are the not so obvious resistance factors – air resistance, friction between your vehicle tyres and the road, gravity and more. There are often obvious and not so obvious resistance factors in leadership.
On the one hand a leader must learn to manage movement successfully, while on the other hand learn to process the law of resistance.
But what seems to be the underlying purpose of this law? Imagine if I could click my fingers and with immediate effect all your obstacles, challenges, constraints in your life, relationships, business, in SA are gone. No problems! Would you enjoy that? This is what most people want isn't it? We want to retire to escape problems, stress – the law of resistance. We yearn to go on holiday to avoid resistance. It is in our nature to want ease, comfort, an easy life, success without resistance.
Now of course clicking my finger won't work. But, what would happen if I could do this? What would be the result? No opposition. Every person that implements motivation, direction and structure could move with ease. You achieve all your dreams, ambitions and aspirations, without any problems. Nothing stands in your way! Everybody drives the best cars, look slim and fantastic, has money, success, fame, and much more. Sounds great – yet at the same time weird, strange, unnatural.
What is the point? If everyone achieves successful movement overnight, or drives the best cars, or everyone achieves success with ease it becomes common and loses its appeal.
Resistance is actually not the enemy of movement but the friend. Without it movement loses its appeal; movement has no purpose; without it we stop growing. It gives meaning to movement.
Instinctively all leaders of substance have a fairly healthy attitude towards resistance – challenges, problems, obstacles. They know that it motivates us to move, to sharpen the saw, improve systems, fine tune the direction and structure, and test our source of motivation.
You see, if my source of motivation is not pure and superficial, will I really endure in the face of real opposition, resistance.
Jeffrey R Holland said: "If for a while the harder you try, the harder it gets, take heart. So it has been with the best of people who ever lived."
Great leaders thrive under resistance; they almost welcome it; they realise that it is part of life and sustains movement if processed correctly with the right attitude.
So, why is it so difficult to create successful movement? Because there exists a law of resistance; and while it may be simple to create movement, it is also made difficult by this law for good reason!
As a young assistant manager in a large corporate the MD walked into my office when I was standing in for the manager. He sat down and chatted, then referred factually to our performance, followed by a question: What challenges do you have that I can assist you with? I think I answered none. It made me feel good and I was impressed with him. But I still didn't tell him anything about our challenges.
His instinct as a leader was great. But know this – people don't just tell the leader about their challenges, for various reasons. As a leader you need to refine your skill to draw out of your people their obstacles, challenges – real or perceived.
We challenge you to change your attitude about challenges, resistance. Welcome it. Make it your friend. Hating problems and challenges is, strangely, like a body builder that wants to build muscles, yet he hates the weights and training in the gym.
Create movement by implementing the law of movement!
Expand the law of movement by implementing the law of successful movement!
Develop a positive attitude towards resistance and learn to confidently identify, confront and process it!
For more on creating "Leadership Fit" leaders that generate successful movement (performance) inside your organisation, contact us on _EMAIL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


neurocam wearable camera reads your brainwaves and records what interests you
neurocam wearable camera reads your brainwaves and records what interests you
"Right now, the iPhone's camera is ready to record what's in my line of sight through a prism. The iPhone shows what the camera has captured, so it feels as if it's reading my mind. My brain-waves are analyzed by an iPhone app, which quantifies my level of interest on a scale from 0 to 100. If the level exceeds 60, the number turns red, and the camera starts to record automatically, producing a 5-second GIF animation."
"We're using the iPhone so that analysis and capture can be done with one device. But this is still a concept model. So, we think there are lots of possibilities, such as turning this into a wearable camera."
The neurocam arose from the neurowear project, which is involved with items that use brain-waves and bio-sensors, like necomimi, which works using brain-waves. The algorithm for quantifying brain-waves was co-developed with Associate Professor Mitsukura at Keio University.
In the future, the project team aims to create an emotional interface, which could link a range of devices and services to people's individual thoughts and feelings.
"Because this system is hands-free, we think it could capture a life log, which would be different from deliberately pressing a shutter to capture things you like. As an application in a B2B environment, neurocam could determine what goods in stores interest people. And because the information includes position data, you can do mapping, so it could also show what places people are interested in as an aid for urban development planning. We think it could be used in lots of ways like that."
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HIED 511 Foundations of Higher Education (3)
This course provides an integrated overview of the philosophical, theological, cultural, and historical contexts that influence higher education institutions in the 21st century. Students consider the relationship between higher education and society, emphasizing the development of higher education in the United States within a dynamic, global context. This course considers the purposes of higher education and related developments in diversity of institutional type, access, and curricula. An emphasis is placed on considering significant issues facing colleges and universities and preparing students to respond with imaginative and innovative solutions.
HIED 512 Organizational Culture and Governance in Higher Education (3)
This course explores leadership and governance structures in colleges and universities, emphasizing the attainment of generative capacities and innovative strategies for addressing critical issues and contributing to higher education renewal. Students examine the relationship between the university/college and the constituencies it serves, the role of outreach in the contemporary college or university, and the roles of faculty, administration, staff, and board in institutional governance and decision-making. Students will analyze actual challenges facing higher education institutions as well as generate and present potential responses.
HIED 513 Institutional Assessment and Effectiveness (3)
This course explores the role and importance of assessment in higher education, with an emphasis on designing effective student learning outcomes and departmental goals as well as institutional effectiveness strategies and review. Students will also be introduced to accreditation processes and how to use national institutional survey data to inform assessment.
HIED 514 Equity Issues in Higher Education (3)
This course examines the intersection of excellence, equity and belonging in institutions of higher education. Students examine the educational needs of diverse learners as well as explore various theories and practices utilized to achieve and sustain higher education institutions that effectively serve the diverse society of which the academy is a part. (Prerequisite HIED 511).
HIED 515 Strategic Leadership in Higher Education (3)
This course provides a working knowledge of strategic planning and resource management in higher education, with attention to the pragmatic skills and tools relevant to educational and administrative leaders. Students develop model strategic plans that demonstrate the interplay between planning and resource management (human, financial, and intellectual) in higher education. The course stresses the importance of fostering a culture of innovative, data-driven decision-making.
HIED 516 Legal and Ethical Issues in Higher Education (3)
This course examines the legal principles that guide the administration of higher education. It presumes no prior knowledge of law but seeks to give students a detailed framework for understanding both legal and ethical issues in higher education. The course will prepare practitioners to understand the legal environment in which colleges and universities function and will offer an overview of the specific areas of law that directly affect key groups (administrators, faculty, staff, and students) in postsecondary institutions. Students will study historical, contemporary, and emerging legal and ethical issues in higher education; special attention will be given to student protections (including due process), torts, institutional liabilities, and access (including Title IX).
HIED 520: Academic Engagement and Learning in Higher Education (3)
The course will consider theoretical foundations and programmatic strategies associated with college student engagement. This course emphasizes research-based theories and strategies associated with academic engagement. Students examine particular learning theories and their applicability to the educational needs of a diverse body of learners.
HIED 525: Curriculum Development in Higher Education (3)
This course examines the historical and contemporary factors that influence curriculum development in higher education. Models for designing, implementing, delivering, and assessing undergraduate curricula will be examined Students will gain insight into the trends, tensions, challenges, and variations in curricular emphases of colleges and universities.
HIED 530: Collegiate Sport Administration (3)
This course involves a study of the basic understanding of administration theory and practice as it applies to intercollegiate athletics. Personnel management, including staffing, training, creating a favorable work environment, position descriptions, and employee evaluations will be discussed. Also, the course is designed to provide basic financial considerations an intercollegiate athletic director must understand to function effectively. It includes the financial challenges facing the profession, sources of funding, budgeting and financial statements, the concept of economic impact analysis, and the benefits and challenges of using public and private-sector funds.
HIED 531: Events and Facilities Management in College Athletics (3)
Athletic departments must plan and manage a variety of events including team practices, competitions, development and alumni activities, hosting tournaments, and outreach activities. This course will engage students in understanding the planning process and operations around event production, facilities management, staffing, scheduling, development events, and alumni relations. Capital planning will also be examined.
HIED 532: Marketing and Sponsorship in Intercollegiate Athletics (3)
This course presents an overview of the various techniques and strategies used in meeting the wants and needs of consumers in the sport industry, specifically intercollegiate athletics. Areas to be addressed are the uniqueness of sport marketing in comparison to traditional marketing, an overview of the segments of the sport industry, the importance of market research and segmentation in identifying the right sport consumer, the use of data-based marketing in reaching the sport consumer, the overview of the marketing mix as individual units and the relationship between those units, and the development of sponsorship and endorsement packages.
HIED 537: Compliance and Regulation in Intercollegiate Athletics (3)
This course focuses on the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) legislative process and bylaws governing the operation of an athletics program. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding and appreciation of the NCAA, including its purpose and function. Topics covered include amateurism, specific bylaws (e.g. eligibility, recruitment and financial aid, playing/practice) and organizational processes for maintaining institutional compliance.
HIED 550: Student Affairs in Higher Education (3)
This course provides a foundational overview of theory and practice associated with Student Affairs administrative leadership. Theoretical frameworks (e.g. psychosocial, cognitive-structural, social identity) will be discussed in terms of their foundational constructs for influencing college student learning and growth as well as for understanding their applicability in various functional areas of higher education. An emphasis will be placed on using theory to guide and improve educational practice.
HIED 551: College and University Environments
This course will introduce students to the complexity of college and university campuses and cultures. Theoretical concepts and empirical findings will be examined that help to describe college environments and explain their impact. The aim of the course is to familiarize students with today's diverse and emerging higher education settings and to explore strategies for enhancing educational environments. Students will explore higher education environments and their impact on various student populations, including underrepresented students. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding of higher education settings as well as the strategies for enhancing these environments to maximize student engagement for learning and development.
HIED 553: Enrollment Management in Higher Education (3)
Students are introduced to the enrollment management and its place within a college or university. Topics include recruitment and choice processes from a marketing perspective, the impact of financial assistance and scholarships on enrollment patterns, and integrating leadership and management theories with student recruitment and retention practices.
HIED 555 Spiritual Formation in Higher Education (3)
This course provides students with a comprehensive introduction to spiritual formation in higher education. This course includes the principles of spiritual formation as well as a broad range of historical and philosophical approaches to faith and spirituality. The course considers the importance of creating mentoring environments that nurture spiritual and faith development as well as vocational commitments among college students.
HIED 562 Internship in Higher Education (3)
The internship is a supervised field experience of 120 hours in a setting consistent with the students' professional and educational goals. The internship experience is designed to enhance students' professional capacities in higher education. Students will assume administrative responsibilities at a college, a university, or another higher education organization, under the supervision of an accomplished professional in the field. These responsibilities must be graduate-level in scope and represent new learning for the student. Students will engage in academic and professional reflection. Prerequisites: completion of 15 HIED credit hours including HIED 511 and 3 credits in the HIED area of concentration.
HIED 563 Internship ll in Higher Education (3)
The internship ll is a supervised field experience of 120 hours designed to provide further experience in a setting consistent with the students' professional and educational goals. Students will assume administrative responsibilities at a college, a university, or another higher education organization, under the supervision of an accomplished professional in the field. These responsibilities must be graduate-level in scope and represent new learning for the student. Prerequisites: HIED 562
HIED 565 Thesis (3)
Supervised independent research on a focused topic related to higher education. Thesis proposal must be approved by instructor and Program Director prior to registration. Prerequisite HIED/EDME 580.
HIED/EDME 580 Educational Research Methods (3) [Effective Fall 2014]
The focus of the course is on the fundamental principles and methodologies of educational research. This course provides a broad overview of research methods, including the formulation of research questions / hypotheses, sampling methods, as well as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research designs. A basic introduction to statistical analysis as well as consideration of ethical implications of research will also be addressed. The course provides students with the skills needed to critically evaluate published research and to develop a framework for designing a research proposal in an area of interest.
HIED 591 Independent Study (3)
This course allows students to intensively examine a particular topic in the field of higher education. The focus of the independent study must reflect high academic quality, including but not limited to quality readings and intentional projects that align with clear learning objectives. Specific content and methods of evaluation will be determined in conjunction with the instructor. A proposal approved by the Director of the Higher Education Program is a necessary prerequisite to registration.
COUN


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There are massive data collected by IP-guard, important data is difficult to be emphasized by the massive data. And thus the potential Risk is not easy to be noticed. As a result, additional workload is needed in order to analyse the data. The Report management helps by providing 3 different kinds of report: the Statistics Report, the Trend Report and the Potential Risk Report.
Provide statistics for:
- Computer activity time, individual application execution time, as well as website browsing time
- The number of files that being uploaded / downloaded / deleted / copied /moved / modified, and the corresponding file size
- The printing frequency and number of page printed
- Number of sentences and characters sent from the instant messaging software
- Number and size of email sent
- Indicate the Trend of Computer Usage for a specified period of time
- Base on Computer, User or specific condition to provide the Usage Trend of Application, Website browsing, Printing, Email sent, File editing/deleting, Instant Messenger record and File Copy at USB Storage Device
- The management can analysis and make comparison between different users/ computers usage.
Potential Risk Report
- Base on the preset threshold condition to generate the potential risk counting (Low risk, Important, High risk) in order to alert any Potential Risk.
- The threshold condition can be preset: Website Browsing Time, Application Usage Time, Printing frequency, Number of page printed, USB Storage Device plugs in frequency, file copied and its size, Instant Messenger chatting sentences and characters, Email sent frequency and its size, Frequency of file copied/edited/deleted and its size.
- Periodically generate reports, and send to dedicate email address automatically
- The reports can be customized by using different report templates


text: The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye that transmits light to the retina at the back of the eye. The cornea is covered by an epithelium and surrounded by a narrow band of tissue known as the limbus. The limbus has two important roles in maintaining a healthy corneal epithelium. First, stem cells for the corneal epithelium reside at the limbus and not in the cornea. Second, the limbus acts as a barrier separating the clear avascular corneal epithelium from the surrounding vascular conjunctival tissue. A failure of these limbal functions can result in the painful and blinding disease of limbal stem cell deficiency. In this disease, the corneal epithelium cannot be maintained by the stem cells, and the corneal surface becomes replaced by hazy conjunctival tissue. There are many causes of limbal stem cell deficiency, such as burns to the eye, inflammatory diseases, and hereditary diseases. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is discussed here. In particular, understanding whether the limbal stem cells are lost or become dysfunctional or indeed whether the limbal microenvironment is disturbed is important when developing appropriate management strategies for the disease.


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Atmospheric corrosion of historical organ pipes: The influence of environment and materials
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2008
The corrosion of lead-rich pipes in historical organs in different parts of Europe has been investigated. The influence of the environment and the composition and microstructure of the pipe metal was studied. Pipe Corrosion was documented by visual inspection (boroscope). The corrosion attack and the composition and microstructure of the metal were characterized by OM, SEM, XRD, IC and FAAS. It is shown that the degree of corrosion of the pipes is correlated to the concentration of gaseous acetic and formic acid in the organ. The organic acids are emitted by the wood from which the wind system is built. It is also shown that pipe corrosion decreases with increasing tin content in the range 0-4% (wt). Possible conservation strategies are discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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– To take (something) without right and with an intent to keep.
Usage example: a financial manager misappropriating funds from her clients' accounts
are semantically related. in steal
topic. In some cases you can use "Rob" instead a verb
Nearby Words: misappropriation


text:
ultural Zoogeography (PhD diss., University of Nebraska, 1974), as quoted in Crane, World History of Beekeeping, 292. Calkins cites the original translated source as Hernán Cortés, Letters of Cortés: The Five Letters of Relation from Fernando Cortes to the Emperor Charles V, trans. and ed. Francis A. MacNutt (New York: Putnam, 1908), 1:145.
- Head note that "The Inca and Aztec civilizations settled at altitudes too high for apiculture."
- Natural History XXI.43.75.
- Eva Crane, Archaeology of Beekeeping, 42


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Online resource for academics new to teaching at ACU
Published: Wednesday 30th August 2017
The Learning and Teaching Centre is pleased to launch a resource to support those academics at ACU who are new to teaching. The Introduction to Learning and Teaching (ILAT) self-guided resource is available via the ACU Learning and Teaching webpages.
This resource was developed in consultation with colleagues who provided feedback about the types of information that academic teachers new to ACU needed to succeed in their teaching roles. This feedback has now informed the development of a resource that will be available to access at any time.
Who should benefit from this resource?
Academics new or returning to teaching at ACU will find this a useful tool to find information and support services for their teaching roles.
What is included?
This resource is an information package and provides links to relevant information on learning and teaching policies and the Teaching Criteria and Standards Framework as well as professional development opportunities at ACU. The resource is divided into three key areas:
1. Exploring your role as a teaching academic or leading teaching academic; 2. Providing a dual track enabling academics new or experienced and new to ACU to choose the pathway that suits their situation; and finally 3. Preparation for Teaching: is a section on preparing for classes before you commence, at the start of the teaching period, during teaching and at the end.
Each section contains frequently asked questions and links to appropriate support on the ACU web site that will help new academics self-select the information they need. It may be accessed via the ACU Learning and Teaching webpages under the Professional Development tab.
For further information please contact Marie Fisher, National ILAT Academic Co-ordinator at the following email address: _EMAIL_


시간 제한 메모리 제한 제출 정답 맞은 사람 정답 비율
1 초 1024 MB 5 1 1 20.000%
When using "software-as-a-service" offerings, a user often has a problem of matching records stored by the different services and determining if they refer to the same entity (person, account, order, etc.) The ICPC is no exception. While each participant has a record in the central ICPC registration system, additional "outside" applications may be used to collect and process information for functionality not provided by the central system.
Once an "outside" application is used, it becomes necessary to match the entries from both systems. Unfortunately, in spite of careful directions, sometimes it is not clear if records correspond to the same person. The primary sorts of mis-matches that occur are these:
 1. E-mail addresses do not match. This could be due to a misspelling, such as.eud instead of.edu, or different e-mail addresses that a participant used in the central ICPC system and the outside system.
 2. Exact names do not match. This could be due to a typing error, or varying use of legal names and nicknames.
Your team is to write a program that will read lists of people from the ICPC system and an outside system and determine which records in each system do not match a record in the other system. Two entries are considered matched if either the e-mail addresses are an exact match or the last name and first name are an exact match.
Input to your program is two lists of name and e-mail address records. Each record consists of a first name, a last name, and an e-mail address, one per line, separated from each other by tabs. The first list is the records from the central ICPC registration system. This list ends with an empty line. The second list is the records from the outside application. The second list ends with the end-of-file. (These lists are suitable test data, not actual ICPC data.)
E-mail addresses do not exceed $64$ characters in length. E-mail addresses consist of lower-case and upper-case English letters, digits, and the special characters at-sign, underscore, hyphen, and period. E-mail addresses do not begin with special characters.
First and last names do not exceed $24$ characters in length. Names consist of lower-case and upper-case English letters and hyphens. Names do not begin with hyphens.
Each input list will contain at least $1$ but not more than $2\,000$ entries. E-mail addresses and (first name, last name) pairings will be unique within each list.
Your program is to print lines showing the records from each list that could not be matched to the other list. Your program is to first print the central ICPC registration records that could not be matched, one per line. Each line should consist of the letter "I", a single space, the e-mail address, a single space, the last name, a single space, and the first name. These are to be printed in lexicographical e-mail address order. The e-mail addresses, last names, and first names are to be printed exactly the way they appear in the input. Once all such records are printed, the outside application records that could not be matched are to be printed the same way, except that each line should begin with the letter "O".
Case is to be ignored for all record matching comparisons and sorting.
Should all records from each system have a match in the other system, your program is to print a line containing only the string "No mismatches.".
예제 입력 1
Bob Smith _EMAIL_
Randy Nguyen _EMAIL_
Betty Jones _EMAIL_
Sallie Li _EMAIL_
Robert Smith _EMAIL_
Quan Nguyen _EMAIL_
Betty Jones _EMAIL_
Sarah Leung _EMAIL_
예제 출력 1
I _EMAIL_ Smith Bob
I _EMAIL_ Nguyen Randy
I _EMAIL_ Li Sallie
O _EMAIL_ Smith Robert
O _EMAIL_ Nguyen Quan
O _EMAIL_ Leung Sarah
예제 입력 2
Camellia Woodley _EMAIL_
Leroy Thomas _EMAIL_
Freya Campbell _EMAIL_
Eduardo Allen _EMAIL_
Danny West _EMAIL_
Ed Allen _EMAIL_
Daniel West _EMAIL_
camellia woodley _EMAIL_
Leroy Thomas _EMAIL_
freya Campbell _EMAIL_
예제 출력 2
No mismatches.


>Create a new file create-symlinkCreate a symlink modifyChange an existing file or symlink delete-fileDelete a file ... $user_id expansion is also available for branch access control. Here the user can create, modify, and delete files in a per-user directory:anyone create-file,modify,delete-file ^$user_id/.*$ User IDsYou might be wondering how user identifiers work. Git supports GPG-signed push requests with git push --signed. We can use the GPG key ID as the user identifier, eliminating the need for centralized user accounts. Remember that the GPG key ID is based on the public key. Key pairs are randomly generated and it is improbable that the same key will be generated by two different users. That said, GPG key ID uniqueness has been weak in the past when the default size was 32 bits. Git explicitly enables long 64-bit GPG key IDs but I wonder if collisions could be a problem. Maybe an ID with more bits based on the public key should be used instead, but for now let's assume the GPG key ID is unique. The downside of this approach is that user IDs are not human-friendly. Git apps can allow the user to assign aliases to avoid displaying raw user IDs. Doing this automatically either requires an external ID issuer like confirming email address ownership, which is tedious for new users, or by storing a registry of usernames in the git repo, which means a first-come-first-server policy for username allocation and possible conflicts when merging from two repositories that don't share history. Due to these challenges I think it makes sense to use raw GPG key IDs at the data storage level and make them prettier at the user interface level. The GPG key ID approach works well for desktop clients but not for web clients. The web application (even if implemently on the client side) would need access to the private key so it can push to the git repository. Users should not trust remotely hosted web applications with their private keys. Maybe there is a standard Web API that can help but I'm not aware one. More thought is needed here. The pre-receive git hook checks that signature verification passed and has access to the GPG key ID in the GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY environment variable. Then the access control policy can be checked. Access control is a git appAccess control is the first and most fundamental git app. The access control policies that were described above are stored as files in the apps/access-control branch in the repository. Pushes to that branch are also subject to access control checks. Here is the branch's initial layout:branches/ - access control policies for branches owner.confgroups/ - group definitions (see below)...refs/ - access control policies for refs owner.conf The default branches/owner.conf access control policy is as follows:owner create-file,create-directory,modify,delete ^.*$ The default refs/owner.conf access control policy is as follows:owner create-branch,create-tag,fast-foward,force,delete ^.*$ This gives the owner the ability to push refs and modify branches as they wish. The owner can grant other users access by pushing additional access control policy files or changing exsting files on the apps/access-control branch. Each access control policy file in refs/ or branches/ is processed in turn. If no access control rule matches the operation then the entire git push is rejected. Groups can be defined to alias one or more user identifiers. This avoids duplicating access control rules when more than one user should have the same access. There are two automatic groups: owner contains just the user who owns the git repository and anyone is the group of all users. This completes the description of the access control app. Now let's look at how other functionality is built on top of this. The merge requests appA merge requests app can be built on top of this model. The refs access control policy is as follows:# The data branch contains the titles, comments, etcanyone modify ^apps/merge-reqs/data$# Each merge request revision is pushed as a tag in a per-user namespaceanyone create-tag ^apps/merge-reqs/$user_id/[0-9]+-v[0-9]+$ The branch access control policy is:# Merge requests are per-user and numberedanyone create-directory ^merge-reqs/$user_id/[0-9]+$# Title stringanyone create-file,modify ^merge-reqs/$user_id/[0-9]+/title$# Labels (open, needs-review, etc) work like this:## merge-reqs/<user-id>/<merge-req-num>/labels/# needs-review -> /labels/needs-review#...# labels/# needs-review/# <user-id>/# <merge-req-num> -> /merge-reqs/<user-id>/<merge-req-num>#...#...#...## This directory and symlink layout makes it possible to enumerate labels for a# given merge request and to enumerate merge requests for a given label.## Both the merge request author and maintainers can add/remove labels to/from a# merge request.anyone create-directory ^merge-reqs/[^/]+/[0-9]+/labels$anyone create-symlink,delete ^merge-reqs/$user_id/[0-9]+/labels/.*$maintainers create-symlink,delete ^merge-reqs/[^/]+/[0-9]+/labels/.*$maintainers create-directory ^labels/[^/]+$anyone create-symlink,delete ^labels/[^/]+/$user_id/[0-9]+$maintainers create-symlink,delete ^labels/[^/]+/[^/]+/[0-9]+$# Comments are stored as individual files in per-user directories. Each file# contains a timestamp and the contents of the comment. The timestamp can be# used to sort comments chronologically.anyone create-directory ^merge-reqs/[^/]+/[0-9]+/comments$anyone create-directory ^merge-reqs/[^/]+/[0-9]+/comments/$user_id$anyone create-file,modify ^merge-reqs/[^/]+/[0-9]+/comments/$user_id/[0-9]+$ When a user creates a merge request they provide a title, an initial comment, apply labels, and push a v1 tag for review and merging. Other users can comment by adding files into the merge request's per-user comments directory. Labels can be added and removed by changing symlinks in the labels directories. The user can publish a new revision of the merge request by pushing a v2 tag and adding a comment describing the changes. Once the maintainers are satisfied they merge the final revision tag into the relevant branch (e.g. "main") and relabel the merge request from open/needs-review to closed/merged. This workflow can be implemented by a tool that performs the necessary git operations so users do not need to understand the git app's internal data layout. Users just need to interact with the tool that displays merge requests, allows commenting, provides searches, etc. A natural way to implement this tool is as a git alias so it integrates alongside git's built-in commands. One issue with this approach is that it uses the file system as a database. Performance and scalability are likely to be worst than using a database or application-specific file format. However, the reason for this approach is that it allows the access control app to enforce a policy that ensures users cannot modify or delete other user's data without running application-specific code on the server and while keeping everything stored in a git repository.


text:
Dr. Xiaoguang Meng of the Center for Environmental Systems at Stevens Institute of Technology is developing an innovative approach for the detection of toxic chemicals by conducting extensive research in the field of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS).
His experimental results demonstrate that SERS is a promising technique for quantitative, rapid on-site analysis of both arsenic and perchlorate chemicals.
Arsenic in Water Supplies
Did you know that arsenic-contaminated water affects the health of over 140 million people worldwide? According to a quote by Allan Smith from the University of California at Berkeley in an article on BBC news, "one in every ten people with high concentrations of arsenic in their water will die from it." Arsenic consumption leads to higher rates of some cancers, including tumors of the lung, bladder, skin and other lung conditions. Some of these effects show up decades after the first exposure.
This graphic illustrates global occurrences of arsenic in groundwater
This issue stems beyond drinking water. Especially in developing countries, food grown in contaminated soil can quickly spread disease throughout the population. For example, rice is typically grown in paddy fields; flooded with potentially contaminated water.
Identification is the key to improvement
The logical first and perhaps most important step is the capability to quickly and reliably determine the existence of arsenic in a particular water supply. The World Health Organization (W.H.O.) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.) have set the maximum arsenic level of 10 parts-per billion (ppb) for drinking water. Baseline measurements enable researchers to highlight high risk areas, but until now the process has been overly expensive, cumbersome and slow. Communities suffering from illnesses need a rapid and accurate assessment that can be brought into the field and immediately put into use.
Enabling Rapid, On-Site Detection with SERS
SERS is a highly sensitive technique for the detection and identification of chemicals at trace levels (as small as a single molecule). According to Dr. Meng, "an extremely high enhancement factor for Raman Scattering is generated when analyte molecules are absorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces of mainly silver and gold."
Essentially, by transferring small samples of water onto a SERS active substrate (meaning a glass side with manufactured nanoparticles made of either gold or silver) and then recording the SERS spectra under a Raman spectrometer for a few minutes, Dr. Meng and his team can quickly detect the presence of arsenic. Only the portable Raman spectrometer and disposable sensor curvettes are required for analysis, making this a very cost-effective solution. According to Ph.D. Candidate Zhonghou Xu, "fundamental findings obtained in our research are especially valuable for the development of sensitive and reliable SERS methods for the rapid analysis of arsenic contaminated water."
Dr. Meng is also leading the charge towards using SERS results as a quantitative analytical tool. Traditionally, reproducibility was not possible due to the heterogeneous nature of the nanostructured SERS substrates. Now, however, by conducting an area scan, he can increase the reproducibility, thereby increasing the reliability and ease of use.
Perchlorate Detection and Quantification
Ammonia perchlorate is an inorganic compound made up of the salt of ammonia and perchloric acid. It is the driver behind the industrial production of perchloric acid. It is also commonly used as a solid propellant in rockets, missiles and fireworks.
According to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, "Most perchlorate manufactured in the U.S. is used as an ingredient in solid fuel for rockets and missiles. In addition, perchlorate-based chemicals are used in the construction of highway safety flares, fireworks, pyrotechnics, explosives, common batteries and automobile restraint systems. Perchlorate contamination has been reported in at least 20 states and greatly impacts human health by interfering with iodide uptake into the thyroid gland. Perchlorate is becoming a serious threat to human health and water resources."
Perchlorate detection in the United States
If the damage to our health wasn't enough, consider this: Ammonia perchlorate is an oxidizer and the application of a fuel source could cause a deadly explosion. In fact, this scenario occurred in a huge industrial incident known as the PEPCON disaster, claiming two lives, injuring 372 people and causing an estimated $100 million worth of damage.
A Rapid Response
Detection of perchlorate is clearly a very important issue. Dr. Meng is again employing the use of SERS to develop a reliable platform for identification and quantification of energetic materials through the "optimization of the area scan and integration methods."
In a joint effort with Picatinny Arsenal, Professor Meng begins by preparing a "SERS substrate and forming Ag nanofilms on Cu foil which is then functioned with cysteamine." After successfully determining the optimal conditions for the area scan and integration methods, his team has fabricated a prototype scanner and developed a computer program which integrates SERS spectrum data. Upon completion of regularly scheduled progress reviews, Dr. Meng is hopeful that on site scanners, capable of providing real-time information, will be readily available in the field.
Dr. Jumin Hao holds a Ph.D. degree in Chemistry and is studying for another in Environmental Engineering. Dr. Hao has worked with Professor Meng for the past three years on the use of SERS techniques for detecting and remediating perchlorate contamination. Hao views the gains realized by the Stevens team as not only innovative, but as a potentially dramatic shift in the way communities detect pollutants. "The research coming out of the Center for Environmental Systems provides insights that will push the advancement of the entire field. Our preparation of Ag-Cu films is facile, controllable and reproducible, and as SERS substrates they are easy to store, transport and use on-site, making them very promising for being commercialized."
Impact on Communities
Few needs are more fundamental than clean drinking water and food supplies. Dr. Meng's passion is evident through his dedication to expanding the possibilities within toxic chemical analysis and detection.
By continuing to push the envelope and advance the study of SERS, he is leading the way in making dramatic improvements in the lives of millions of people and communities around the world while offering unique opportunities for collaboration and educational opportunities for his associates at Stevens. As Jumin Hao says of his time working with Professor Meng, "under his tutelage I have not only grown as a researcher through his expert professional knowledge, dedication, insights and personality, but also as a thinker and humanitarian. Upon graduating I fully intend on dedicating my career towards the detection and remediation of pollutants in water."
To learn how you can become involved in this important work, please visit the Center for Environmental Systems.
For Undergraduate and Graduate Admissions, please visit our admissions offices at:


text:
WP 3 Holistic scenario development P8(EV ILVO)
The objectives of WP 3 are:
A sustainability transformation requires value chain members' commitment. Stakeholders of different kinds perceive their environments non-homogeneously. Decision-making models of stakeholders follow path-dependent reasoning so that how stakeholders perceive and behave could be conceptualized as key levers toward sustainability transition. This work package investigates most promising key levers, under different environmental conditions (i.e. scenarios). In doing so, three tasks are defined. Task 3.1, using a Fuzzy Cognitive Map method, defines valuable components to communities in their decision-making and how they can react under environmental changes. Task 3.2, quantitatively, using an Agent-based Model, provides a system view on how actors and stakeholders' behavioral changes may affect the overall system structure. Task 3.3, qualitatively, focusing on future-oriented value chain systems, develops potential scenarios leading toward sustainability. This WP will be led by EV ILVO.
Task 3.1 Stakeholder decision making model
This task will map actors' knowledge and perceptions in a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM). FCM develops a behavioural model of the system exploiting the experience and knowledge of stakeholders. FCM will be used as a decision-making tool to help individuals and communities to understand the impacts associated with environmental, social and economic changes and to develop adequate policy actions and mitigation/adaptation strategies. The FCM analysis will focus on three goals: 1) define the important components relevant to a community; 2) define the strength of relationships between these components and 3) run "what if" scenarios to determine how components might react under a given scenario (range of possible conditions). Surveys will be performed to obtain: individual, combined and global cognitive maps. The lead partner will prepare guidelines and instructions on how to implement the surveys within the FCM framework. A specific meeting with the stakeholders will be organized in each participating country in order to collect the data (individual, combined and global cognitive maps). The lead partner will collect the data and will process the analysis. The Mental Modeler Software will be utilized to analyze the effects of variable categories on likelihood scenarios. FCM will be implemented in each FS case study adopting a common methodology provided by CNR.
Task 3.2 Agent-based modelling
In this task, quantitative methods will be used to give a dynamic in-depth insight into the assessment of levers. The main aim is to provide a holistic view of the complex interplay between different socio-economic and behavioural aspects within the food value chain and sustainability goals. To provide such analyses, Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) will be the primary method. The food value chain from farmers to consumers can be considered as complex systems, with multiple interacting agents. These systems are adaptive as the decisions and interactions of the agents along the chain may influence decisions made by other agents and thus the structural stability of the value chains. In ABM, the behaviour of individual agents and the environment in which they operate is modelled explicitly. Interactions between agents result from these behavioural rules and are thus modelled implicitly in which the value chain and markets are arising from these interactions. With this approach, we can investigate how a system-level change toward sustainability can result from micro-level changes (e.g. changes in incentives, willingness to buy local products, value chain length). ABM will incorporate data from the previous tasks. To validate the used data and to gain expert views, this task requires all partners to be involved in the ABM development. In doing so, 4 workshops (2 online and 2 during the project meetings) will be organized. This will be led by EV ILVO with contributions from IUNG and CNR.
Task 3.3 Qualitative scenario modelling
The scenario workshop is carried out as a participatory workshop with external experts (from agriculture, nutrition, sustainability) and the stakeholders from the innovative case studies. The scenario workshop focuses on the field of deep sustainability levers in order to project the effects of these levers for the future. The scenario workshops are intended to define variants of future developments based on qualitative expert opinions. We will define boundaries of development to highlight routes for the future-oriented design of food systems and derive policy recommendations for future changes towards sustainable food production
Milestone 3.1 Guidelines to carry out the FCM surveys
The lead partner will prepare guidelines and instructions on how to implement the surveys within the FCM framework. Each partner will organize a day workshop with stakeholders to obtain single, combined and global cognitive maps.
Milestone 3.2 Generic agent-based model, initial stage
The generic model incorporates initial results and data from the previous tasks across the four analytical dimensions of sustainability, actors, geographical, and temporal. The generic model will enable discussions between the project partners who are conducting other methods in the analysis of levers for a sustainability transition. Therefore, the model can be later modified and further developed based on data and experts'views.
Milestone 3.3 Common scenario preparation guidelines
Each partner will hold a scenario workshop based on a common methodology. This common guideline will reflect the results of the project.
Deliverable 3.1 Predictive decision making scenarios
Collection and analysis of the FCM implemented in each participating country, develop a global map in different socio-ecological contexts, provide policy recommendations to match the decision making process of different typologies of stakeholders.
Deliverable 3.2 Final agent-based model
The final model will be developed incorporating the final results from the previous tasks. Its main goal is to deliver the leverage effects at a system level using different decision-making models of stakeholders within their short-term and long-term effects on the value chain transition toward sustainability.
Deliverable 3.3 Scenario modelling report
Each partner will summarise the results of the work, based on the common guideline.


text:
- The Mughal ruler Akbar, despite his illiteracy, was a great lover of the artists and intellectuals.
- PSU Equity June 2011.indd
- Mughal emperor Akbar's darbar (court) had nine extraordinary men who advised him on diff erent matters.
- FRIENDS OF RANAN PROGRAMME
- the Chola period in South India, the navratnas in Akbar's court.
- India and its Music Classical North Indian - Ali Akbar Khan Library
- Akbar was so impressed by Tansen's music that he bestowed on him the highest honour of the land.
- KQA MAHAQUIZZER ANSWERS
- Among the Navaratnas of Akbar's court, there were a pair of brothers. The elder brother's name was was Faizi.
- Hidden in Plain View: Brajbhasha Poets at the Mughal Court
- Birbal is fondly remembered as one of the navratna. (nine jewels) of Akbar's court, and Indian children to this day are regaled with stories of the clever Birbal.
- Navaratnas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- The Mughal ruler Akbar, despite his illiteracy, was a great lover of as the nine courtiers of Emperor Akbar or Navratnas.
- What are the name of akbar's navratna
- What are the name of akbar's navratna? Improve akbar's whole name was'Jalalludin Mohammed Akbar'. What are the nine navratnas of Akbar?
- Akbar's navratna and what they did for akbar
- What are the nine navratnas of Akbar? 1. Birbal 2.
- Akbars Navaratnas | RM.com ®
- Akbars Navaratnas articles, reference materials. Need more on Akbars Navaratnas? We suggest these original texts: The Story of Akbars Navaratnas roots.
Akbars Navaratnas is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Akbars Navaratnas books and related discussion.
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Students at Layton Junior High get their game on
After-school club • Teacher Stephen Olson loves sharing his passion for board games.
Layton • Growing up, Stephen Olson loved board games — all kinds of board games.
He played them with his family and friends. When he went to college at the University of Utah, he started a board game club with fellow students.
Eventually Olson's friends gave up board games for girlfriends, wives, children and other activities, and the club died out. But Olson's love for games never diminished.
Fast forward to 2012, and Olson is a math teacher at North Layton Junior High. It's his first year on the job, and he discovered there is no math club, so he volunteered to supervise one. He then discovers there is no chess club. It's one of the few board games he doesn't love, so he asked his administration if he could have a combination chess and board game club.
They consented.
On Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, the board game club meets after school from three to five. Olsen is a happy teacher—he gets the chance to play board games and share his knowledge and love of the game with students.
Olsen visited his parents' home and retrieved an assortment of his favorite games from youth including Ingenious, Small World and Tsuro. Other students play trading card games and still others play chess.
"I can't resist playing games," Olson said. "I play while I'm correcting papers."
The games help students with reassigning skills and logic. Small World teaches them about combination and how things can synergize or work against one another. Olson said the students also have to learn to put on their poker faces when playing.
While the majority of game playing is friendly, tension can break out.
"Small World gets a little heated," Olson said.
Seventh-grader Alex Chipman loves the structure of board games.
"I have Asperger's so this is one of the few times I can open up and enjoy myself," said Alex, who flits around the room checking out all the games. "I don't like it when people don't follow the rules. Here I don't have to worry about people going against the rules because if they don't follow them, the game won't work."
Alex's father, David Chipman, is a resource teacher at North Layton Junior High. He enjoys having Alex participate in the club. "It keeps him occupied and forces him to interact socially," he said. "I think it gives the kids a way of expressing their own personality without having to be afraid of what anybody else thinks about it because they all have a shared interest in the games. If you are passive or aggressive in your play it's OK, it's a game, and no one gets hurt."
Eighth-grader Miriam Wilson has always loved board games, and she has not missed a single day of club. At home she played Monopoly and Sorry. The club has introduced her to new games.
"I like playing with other people," Miriam said. "After I've played with them for a while, I know what they are thinking and what their next move is going to be."
At another table sit the trading-card gamers. Two brothers, Braden and Cameron Putnam, are in the club. They enjoy playing games with each other and their brother, but they joined the game club to play against new people.
"When you play with the same people all the time, you know exactly what they are going to do," Braden said.
Being able to pursue an individual interest also attracts students.
"It's a time to get away from my siblings, my family and have fun," said eighth-grader Devin Smith.
Math teacher Olson, like the kids, has his own reason for enjoying the club.
"It's a great stress reliever," he said.
Twitter: _USER_


excellent point, Steve. Ever since "confit" became trendy, restaurants have been serving not only duck but other things cooked in this fashion immediately, rather than letting them age and season.
 It's interesting how many recipes for preserves, relishes, conserves, etc., (not just duck, goose, and other meats) say to let it age for at least a month or more after making or processing before using to let the full flavor develop.
 When this happens, we lose the sense of what something should be.
 2. carswell Sep 24, 2007 07:04 AM
 French *confire* ("to confit") means to preserve putrescible foods in an appropriate product (honey, vingear, fat, salt, sugar, oil). To preserve in fat, to pack in salt, to candy, to make into preserves/jam/compote, to pickle, etc., are about as close as we can come in English.
 4 Replies
 1. re: carswell
 MakingSense Sep 24, 2007 09:55 AM
 No one questions the translation of the French verb "confire" or that you can cook food products other than meats in things other than their own fats, whether for immediate serving of for preserving. Depending on how it's done, some will be more successful than others.
 I cited the Larousse definition above as the culinary meaning for confit. The other methods usually have terms of their own such as preserves, jams, jellies, compotes, candied, pickled, relishes, dried, salt-packed, etc. There's a place for figurative, even tongue-in-cheek language, on menus. But words should convey meaning.
 When we use the correct terminology for methods of preparation, chefs, home cooks and recipe writers can communicate. Eliminating perfectly good descriptive words blurs the distinctions. I think it makes it more difficult for people to learn to cook well, not to mention become discriminating diners.
 It's a slippery slope. Recent example is Quizno's new Chicken Carbonara sandwich with chicken, bacon, mozzarella, mushrooms and a creamy bacon Alfredo sauce. When and where did that slide start?
 1. re: MakingSense
 carswell Sep 24, 2007 11:08 AM
 I don't see this as a slide at all. If anything, it's a return to the word's roots.
 According to the Robert, use of confit to describe preserved foodstuffs dates back to at least the 17th century. The more restricted use of the noun to mean pieces of meat cooked and preserved in their own fat is more recent (1867 is the date of the first citation). McGee says that duck and goose confit probably dates back to the 17th century, when the birds first were fed corn to fatten their livers, which had the side effect of providing sufficient fat for preserving the legs, necks and gizzards. On the other hand, *fruits confits* date back to at least medieval times.
 If you and the Larousse Gastro want to insist that confit can only refer to meat, be my guest. However, modern French (and, I dare say, English) usage has left you in its dust. The last slice of terrine I ordered in a bistro came with a mound of *confit d'échallotes*. Fauchon sells *confit de lait*. French food websites are chock-a-block with recipes for *confit de figues*, *confit de poivrons*, *confit de courgettes*, *confit de noix*, *confit de pétales de rose* and so on. For proof, look at the tens of thousands of hits you get when you google the search string: "confit de" -canard -oie
 McGee accepts it. The Oxford Companion to Food accepts it. Webster's accepts it. The first Robuchon book I just pulled from my bookshelf has a recipe for *conft d'agrumes au fenugrec* (citrus and fenugreek confit); Robuchon's the editor of the most recent edition of the Larousse Gastro, by the way. I can cite tons of other examples from French cookbooks and French chefs. And the onion confit the OP was asking about may well have had no fat or very little in it.
 1. re: carswell
 Will Owen Sep 24, 2007 03:21 PM
 Carswell, I'm with you, up to a point - that point being that so-called "Chicken Carbonara Sandwich." That's no slide, it's an unforced error! Start with the fact that a proper carbonara has no cream in it whatsoever, and then compound it with the true phoniness of such an invention as a "bacon Alfredo sauce."
 I'm sure we haven't seen or heard the last argument between partisans of the old and new Larousses - the author of the first was the flamingly opinionated "Curnonsky" (Prosper Montagné), who I think was not himself a cook but a famous (even notorious) gourmand and food writer/historian. I love his prose (and wish I could read it in French), and get a kick out of some of his pronouncements, especially his declaration that half to three-quarters of a liter of good wine per day, taken as part of a normal diet, is considered a "moderate quantity" for an adult male, unless one engages in hard manual labor, in which case a liter will serve as "a good light stimulant and tonic and an aid to digestion." I wonder what M. Robuchon has to say about that...
 1. re: Will Owen
 carswell Sep 24, 2007 05:18 PM
 "I'm with you, up to a point - that point being that so-called 'Chicken Carbonara Sandwich.'"
 Oh, I agree. My comments refer strictly to the use of the term confit.
 2. coconutgoddess Sep 23, 2007 09:46 PM
 i do know that you can "confit" fruits and certain veggies. I know that lemon for instance can cooked in oil with sugar.
 i have eaten duck confit... yum. never tried making it though. Will.. can you tell us how to use a craock pot for this? sounds like the way to go!
 1 Reply
 1. re: coconutgoddess
 Will Owen Sep 24, 2007 03:41 PM
 I rinse and dry the meat thoroughly and let it sit (covered if there are bugs around) while I heat about a pound of fat in a pan on the cooktop. This is usually duck fat that has been used before and been refrigerated, so it needs to have any residual moisture driven out, so it should sit on the heat long enough to stop any bubbling or foaming. When it's ready, I preheat the crockpot for about ten minutes then lay in the meat and pour the fat over it. I keep some room-temperature lard nearby in case the fat doesn't quite submerge the meat, which is usually. When the meat is covered by at least an inch of melted fat, I put the lid on and go do other stuff, returning to check on it every couple of hours. This includes taking the temperature of the fat, though a variance of 10º one way or another will not be fatal. After eight or nine hours I start probing the meat gently with a trussing needle. When I can push the needle clear into the flesh with little resistance (and no pink oozing out!) the meat is done. I take the ceramic pot out of its shell and set it with its contents on the counter to cool to room temperature, then either transfer meat and fat to whatever vessel they'll be refrigerated in or (if it's past my bedtime) put the whole kit and caboodle in the fridge and re-melt and transfer stuff in the morning.
 For an actual recipe using the crockpot, see Paula Wolfert's "The Cooking of South-West France."
 2. m
 MakingSense Sep 23, 2007 09:06 PM
 One of those cases where the use of the word today is often different from the original meaning.
 Larousse Gastronomique defines it as "Meat of pork, goose, duck, turkey,etc., cooked in its own fat, and kept covered in the same fat to prevent it coming in contact with the air." It was a method of food preservation before refrigeration. The meat was stored in stoneware pots in a cool place. Most were kept for months to develop flavor before using in dishes like cassoulet or choucroute garni.
 In the past several years, the method of cooking was used, but the meats were served without being stored. You might have seen confit as an appetizer or with a salad.
 Then the method of cooking was used but often not with fat or with fats from other sources, such as with onion in butter or long-cooked fruits
 The word "confit" is now often used in a figurative sense.
 1. coconutgoddess Sep 23, 2007 06:19 PM
 if my memory serves me...
 confit is basically


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The Blue-backed Manakin (Chiroxiphia pareola) is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South America. It is found in southern Colombia, eastern Venezuela, the Guyanas, northeast Brazil, the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; and in Tobago. A disjunct population exists on the coastal strip of southeast Brazil, about 3000 km long. The Blue-backed Manakin is absent in the northwest Amazon Basin, a region from central Venezuela to the southern border of Colombia.
This manakin is a fairly common bird of dry and moist deciduous forests, but not rainforest. The female builds a twig nest in a tree; two brown-mottled white eggs are laid, and incubated entirely by the female for about 20 days.
Like other manakins, Blue-backed Manakin is a compact, brightly coloured forest bird, typically 13 cm long and weighing 19 g. The male is mainly black with a bright blue back, and pale orange legs. The crown is typically red, but yellow in C. pareola regina from the south-west Amazon.
The female has olive-green upperparts, and somewhat paler olive underparts. Young males are olive, but show a red cap and the start of a blue back as they mature.
The race endemic to Tobago, C. p. atlantica is larger and has more extensive red on the crown and blue on the back. It has been suggested that it represents a separate species, the Tobago Manakin, but no major authorities recognize this today.
This species is similar to Lance-tailed Manakin, Chiroxiphia lanceolata, which breeds further north from northern Venezuela to Costa Rica, but the latter has elongated central tail feathers, and the male has a somewhat brighter blue back.
The male Blue-backed Manakin has a fascinating breeding display, unusual in that it is a cooperative display rather than competitive. Two males perch next to each other on a bare stick and jump up and down alternately, giving a buzzing call. When a female approaches, the perched bird moves backwards under the jumping bird, so the two perform a vertical circling movement. Groups of up to eight birds may perform together, with a different stick for each pair of displaying males.
Apart from the buzzing display song, Blue-backed Manakin has a number of other calls, including a whee-whee-CHUP, sometimes given by two male in synchrony.
- Birds of Venezuela by Hilty, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
- Hosner, P. A. (2004). Blue-backed Manakin (Chiroxiphia pareola) pp. 152–153 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Christie, D.A. eds (2004). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-69-5
- ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
- In pursuit of Pawi by Rymer (video) for display.
- Snow, D.W. (1971). "Social organization of the Blue-backed Manakin." Wilson Bulletin 83(1)


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Gattaca 2.5 Film Essay
Analyse how particular techniques are used to develop deeper ideas in a visual text you have studied.
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In Andrew Niccol??™s movie Gattaca, visual techniques are used to develop the deeper ideas and themes of the human spirit, discrimination and determinism. Some of the techniques are extreme close up, flashback and lighting. Niccol does this for the purpose of showing the audience how someone can prevail against many challenges and achieve their goal.
Determinism or the belief that our destinies are mapped out for us at birth is a deeper idea in Gattaca. In the world of Gattaca, the wider society believes that their DNA determines what they as humans can achieve. Andrew Niccol develops this idea through the use of visual techniques. The movie begins with extreme close-ups of slowly falling hair, nails and skin cells. A few seconds later in the film we see a point of view/close up shot of Vincent injecting blood into a fake finger tip. This emphasises the importance of human blood and cells to the citizens of this futuristic world. They are important because they contain DNA which supposedly dictates the very day they will die, the smaller details are what their world revolves around. As the mission director says???No-one exceeds potential. If he did, it would simply mean that we did not gauge his potential in the first place.??? The development of this idea is used for the purpose of bringing a conflict to the audience??™s minds – the debate of free will, and to make the audience question whether DNA really does control a human??™s development.
Human spirit and Free will are more ideas in Gattaca which are developed and film techniques are used to deepen our understanding of them. Despite all that we are shown about determinism in the futuristic society, Vincent still chooses his own destiny. This shows a clear contradiction to the basis that a persons DNA dictates what they can achieve because Vincent shows that it is if one has enough strength of will you can push the???limitations??? of our genetic make up. Techniques really help us understand what makes Vincent capable of defying the system, mainly a Flashback. The flashback in the film goes all the way back to before Vincent was born and his story up until present day. In this story we see his struggles as an in valid and him fighting and rising against them. For example in the second swimming race that we see between Vincent his valid brother Anton, Vincent beats him???That was the one moment in our lives that my brother was not as strong as he believed and I was not as weak. That was the moment that made everything else possible???. This helps the reader understand that it is the events in someone??™s past which can shape them and the choices they make. From then on Vincent has an absolute drive to succeed, something which can not be found in a gene. A point of view shot from Vincent looking to the stars is a technique that shows us that Vincent always has his goal of travelling to space in mind, and it is what makes persevere through all his hardships. We learn from it that he never loses sight of it, and is determined to go there. This all links to the Andrew Niccol??™s purpose of showing the viewer that even in a world which should have everyone thinking and acting the same, it is not in a human being??™s nature to just give up but we have an intangible drive to succeed or to fulfil or own dreams.
Lastly, a deeper idea in Gattaca is the idea of discrimination. In the futuristic setting of the movie people are discriminated on the basis of their genes, and this is called???genosim???. In his narration Vincent explains???I belong to a new underclass, no longer determined by social status or the colour of your skin. We now have discrimination down to a science???. Many subtle techniques are used throughout the film to develop this idea. In Gattaca the symbol for an invalid person is a cross (referring to a god or faith birth) and the symbol for valid people is the infinity symbol. This shows how people in Gattaca have a discriminative mentality in thinking that valids are invincible but in-valids are not, and even the fact that they have to put people under symbols is almost reminiscent to the Jew Star from Nazi war time. Because it is a symbol which people use as a basis for how they will treat a person. Vincent??™s father says to him???the only way you will see the inside of a spaceship is if you??™re cleaning in??? which shows the absolute non belief that in-valid people can amount to anything. Another technique we see is lighting being used to form a criss-cross pattern on Vincent??™s face which illustrates how he is trapped by society, similarly after the treadmill scene Vincent collapse on to a caged fence which again gives the viewer the feeling of him being imprisoned. I think the directors purpose in developing this deeper idea, is to show the viewer that discrimination is never right, and by showing us it from a different angle we learn that everyone should be treated fairly and equally and that justice is a basic human right. As a viewer we know that Vincent is better and more hardworking than what people credit him for and that if he were given a fair chance, he deserves to go to space just as much as a valid person.
In conclusion Andrew Niccol has written a wonderfully layered film containing deeper ideas which are developed by a number of film techniques to really show the viewer his purpose and intentions.


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What is a 'keyhole', anyway?
You may at times notice something unusual about the SOHO Near Real Time Images: They don't update the way they "always" do, and EIT images are replaced by signs saying "CCD Bakeout". All of this, and the only explanation is that "SOHO will be in a telemetry 'keyhole'"?
First things first - all is well with SOHO and its instruments. In fact, those interested enough to read our calendar or the minutes of our planning meetings (see the Operations page), will have realized that the lack of fresh images came as no surprise to the SOHO science community. And they may have stumbled across the rather cryptic terms "keyhole", as in "keyhole period" or "keyhole operations".
The term "keyhole", in antenna terminology, stems from a characteristic feature of aerial navigation maps showing the coverage of e.g. a radar antenna: A circular area near the antenna is shaded due to too-short range. In addition, any obstructions (hilltops, buildings) near the antenna will cause wedges to be shaded due to lack of coverage. Taken together, the appearance of the shaded area is often that of a keyhole. The term has since been generalised to refer to any area not covered by an antenna.
And what does this have to do with SOHO?
In order to get a good downlink signal, SOHO's High Gain Antenna (HGA) needs to be pointed correctly as the spacecraft traverses its highly elliptical orbit around the L1 Lagrangian point, some 1.5 million kilometres sunward of the Earth. In early May 2003, the HGA started showing signs of trouble. Its East-West pointing mechanism started missing steps, eventually triggering an on-board protective action that reconfigured the spacecraft to use its omnidirectional Low Gain Antenna (LGA - see closeup). This configuration, which gives a much weaker signal at Earth, was only meant to transmit low rate data, sufficient for health monitoring and engineering but containing no science data.
Since the HGA was not far off the intended pointing, high rate science telemetry could soon be restored, but a long period of troubleshooting and testing started, while the antenna pointing mechanism performance seemed to degrade (see links below for details). In the end, it was concluded that an undetermined mechanical problem was indeed the cause of the problems, and the antenna appeared to be stuck. However, it could still be moved using the primary and backup drive motors at the same time, doubling the torque. The problem is, nobody could say how long that would last! So, a strategic decision was made to park the antenna at the "sweet spot", which maximises the time during one half-orbit when the signal is strong enough for normal use. By turning the spacecraft up-side-down during the other half of the orbit, the coverage is doubled!
But when SOHO is in the "middle" parts of its orbit (see figure), there is no way it can point at the Sun while also pointing its HGA towards Earth. SOHO has "keyhole periods", occurring twice per orbit. Each orbit around L1 takes about half a year, so keyholes affect SOHO operations roughly every 3 months. In late June 2003, as the first keyhole period approached, instruments prepared to shut down in various safe modes for a two-week period with only low rate telemetry.
However, a number of discoveries about the spacecraft's and the Deep Space Network (DSN) stations' capabilities were made: Using larger 34-meter stations with better receivers instead of the standard 26-meter stations, SOHO could keep beaming high rate data through the HGA for a few days extra on each side of the keyhole. When the HGA finally had to be abandoned for the LGA, it turned out that 34-meter stations could actually pick up medium rate telemetry, not just low rate telemetry.
During normal operations, SOHO always sends high rate telemetry to Earth when in contact with a ground station. While SOHO is not in contact, data from all experiments is recorded on board at what is called medium rate. The recorder is dumped at 3 times the recording speed using the extra capacity of the high rate signal. When the medium rate recording has been secured, the extra capacity is used by the MDI instrument to send higher resolution magnetograms, Dopplergrams and white light images, which do not fit in the medium rate signal.
So while the medium rate telemetry through 34-meter stations was very good news, it still meant there would be gaps whenever SOHO was not in contact. With no capacity to dump the recorders, the total capacity of 16 hours would fill up quickly.
But DSN also has 70-meter stations - and they could in fact lock onto the high rate signal while using the LGA. We were back in business! With enough support from 70-meter stations, SOHO could have lost the HGA entirely and continued as before.
But the larger DSN stations do not stand in line at your service all the time! Although SOHO's second keyhole (fall 2003) had so many 70-meter passes lined up that the data loss was negligible, this was highly unusual. With the Mars and Stardust missions competing in a different league of priority, SOHO has had to do with almost no 70-meter stations during subsequent keyholes (and there's not much relief in sight).
Although the amount of observing time lost is not all that great, considering the length of the mission, it matters a lot to a few instruments: MDI, GOLF and VIRGO have long-term helioseismology programs that are severely affected by gaps in the data. VIRGO also has important calibrations of its Total Solar Irradiance observations 3 times every day. These can be secured by stretching the 16-hour recording capacity to its maximum, recording those calibrations that are not captured by real time contacts. Other instruments that typically analyse their data in time-series are also affected, of course.
Continuous data sets are in fact so important to GOLF and VIRGO that they routinely send 3 copies of each measurement: one real-time copy and two delayed copies. Thus in theory, if you control the times of the telemetry capture, only one third of the telemetry is needed for a continuous sequence. This fact, plus a few 70-meter stations to dump the recorder every now and then, makes it possible to preserve the continuity of their data during some keyholes (assuming not too many things go wrong with the ground stations!).
As a good illustration of the data coverage, the CELIAS/MTOF Proton Monitor tracks the solar wind at L1. A plot covering most of the winter 2003 keyhole (and a few days prior for comparison) is shown below:
MDI is also hit hard by keyholes: They normally use the high rate time that is left after dumping the recorder for dowlinking all the MDI images that are shown on our real-time pages. And since there's no such time left over during a typical keyhole, they are faced with an almost total blackout. They do have some telemetry coming down in medium rate, though, and they have been able to redirect the 96 minute cadence magnetograms to be downlinked in this portion of their telemetry, but this is not possible for the MDI Continuum images.
Over time, many types of CCDs (Charge-Coupled Devices) used to detect EUV radiation are degraded by contamination of heavy ions from cosmic/solar particle radiation (interfering with the doping of the chip), deposits and polymerisation of deposits on the surface and, finally, trapped charges (again interfering with the doping of the substrate). These forms of degradation reduce the sensitivity of the detector. Fortunately, by heating the CCD over an extended time period, some of these effects can be reduced. Heating the CCD to improve its performance is called "baking out" the CCD. Since EIT would be unable to do "business as usual" during keyholes, they schedule their bakeouts during periods when data loss is inevitable.
For more details, see:
- Antenna anomaly may affect SOHO scientific data transmission (24 June 2003)
- SOHO's antenna anomaly: things are much better than expected (2 July 2003)
- SOHO regains high-rate telemetry as expected(11 July 2003)
- SOHO Resumes Full Operation (16 July 2003)
- SOHO's antenna anomaly: things are much better than expected (2 July 2003)
Table of future keyhole periods (estimated)
Please follow this link for an updated table.
Credits: SOHO/CELIAS MTOF (ESA & NASA)


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What is Sustainable financing?
A definition
Sustainable financing refers to the process of taking Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) considerations into account when making investment decisions. More specifically, environmental considerations include issues such as climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, pollution prevention and circular economy. Social considerations relate to issues of inequality, inclusion, labor relations, investment in human capital and communities and human rights issues. The governance of public institutions and the private sector, including management structures, employee relations and executive compensation, plays a fundamental role in ensuring that social and environmental considerations are taken into account in the decision-making process.
In the EU political context, sustainable financing is defined as a set of initiatives designed to support economic growth while reducing environmental pressures and taking into account social and good governance aspects.
In order to do this an important regulation has been introduced to establish a new framework. This is the so-called Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation ("SFDR"). This regulation aims to provide transparency with regard to sustainable finance and the management of risks related to ESG factors.
At EU level, sustainable finance aims to support the objectives of the European Green Deal by guiding private investment towards energy transition and towards a carbon-neutral, climate-resilient and resource-efficient economy.
 In achieving these objectives, the financial sector has a key role to play in :
- redirecting investment towards more sustainable technologies and businesses;
- finance growth in a way that is sustainable over the long term ;
- contribute to the creation of a circular, low-carbon, climate-resilient economy.
Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation: a new European regulation
The SFDR regulation imposes transparency for all financial institutions when they design products (as Financial Market Participant) or provide financial advice (as Financial Adviser). These transparency requirements require a description of how sustainability and ESG factors are integrated into the investment services provided by these financial actors, such as asset management. These rules require, among other things, a description of how sustainability risk is taken into account in internal investment selection and decision-making processes as well as how the possible "negative impacts" of investment advice or decisions issued by the Bank are considered.
Our involvement in this process
Sustainability Risk :
In order to act in the best interests of our clients, the Bank, as a Financial Market Participant and Financial Adviser, systematically assesses the likely impacts of sustainability risks on the performance of its financial products. In order to do this a due diligence and research process is put in place by the Bank.
Specifically, under the SFDR, we are required to disclose how we integrate potential sustainability risks into our investment decision-making processes. This is why we have developed a process for the selection and classification of all underlying assets used to compose SFDR products.
As a result, products labelled as sustainable or benefiting from environmental or social integration have undergone an ESG review, where sustainability risks played an important role in determining whether the product was eligible for our Investment Universe.
In addition, the Bank has taken sustainability risk management into account in its remuneration policies.
For a description of this process, please refer to the summary of our policy.
Negative impacts (Principal Adverse Sustainability Impacts "PASI")
In accordance with SFDR regulations, the Bank, as a Financial Market Participant and Financial Adviser, must also disclose information on its policy regarding the consideration of the main negative impacts of investment decisions on sustainability factors.
This transparency of Principal Adverse Sustainability Impacts ("PASI") is actually a list of ESG elements on which the Bank's investment decisions could have an adverse impact, for example, climate change or deforestation.
Please see our policy summary for a description of this process.
In line with the sustainability risks philosophy, the bank believes that the selection of investment fund issuers, companies with lower ESG risk exposure and/or better management of this exposure will reduce the impact on PASI.
Finally, as part of our due diligence process, we give priority to companies that outperform their peers (within a sector) on environmental and/or social issues and we strongly limit the number of companies with lower performance on these issues. In doing so, we try to limit our impact on PASI.
Product description according to articles 8 and 9 SFDR
As part of the European plan for a greener economy, Articles 8 and 9 of the European SFDR Regulation have defined certain criteria to distinguish between different investment funds and types of discretionary management based on their ESG characteristics, objectives or commitments.
A specific document concerning the description of discretionary portfolios and their ESG characteristics is available on this website.You will find more information on the elements that Degroof Petercam has put in place to classify its investment funds and management portfolios and the binding rules applicable within our policy.


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The Investigation Phase is the second step along the path to resolving your family law case. This phase—stated simply—consists of gathering information with the help of your experienced North Texas family law attorney.
Assets & Debts: Goals
- Locate all assets (including hidden assets)
- Determine fair values for each asset
- Determine all marital debts
- Identify separate property—and the necessary proof
Child-Related Matters: Goals
- Determine all evidence the other side intends to use in Court
- Learn the identity of the other side's witnesses
- Gather evidence to support your arguments in Court
- Locate witnesses who will testify favorably for you in Court
The Investigation Phase is better known as the Discovery portion of the case. This is when written discovery is exchanged between the parties. The goal of this is to gather information that the other side has to better prepare for your day in court. Additionally, oral depositions can occur to obtain the testimony of the other side—and any witnesses—before going into Court. Finally, documents can be obtained from third persons through the issuance of subpoena's. This is often a vital part of preparing because information from disinterested third-parties is often the most persuasive to a Court.
There are many rules relating to each form of Discovery. The rules of discovery are a constant source of disagreement between attorneys, and where you will find a lot of "gamesmanship" played. Gerald Tadlock is an experienced North Texas family law attorney who has extensive experience in cutting through these tactics and getting the information his clients need to properly prepare for their day in Court.
Once the Investigation Phase of the case has concluded, then it is time to evaluate the information obtained.


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Source Organization: Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Management and UN Environment Program
This tool from the Edinburgh Cenre for Carbon Management and UNEP helps business assess the quality of their systems for Carbon Management; that is, their ability to respond effectively and efficiently to the risks and opportunities that climate change presents. This tool is for companies with an interest in maintaining or strengthening their environmental reputation and/or those whose business that may be affected by policies intended to address climate change. CAMSAT comprises 23 multiple-choice questions in 5 sections, covering the major aspects of carbon management (Assessment and Monitoring of GHG Emissions; Emission Reducing Activities; Carbon Offset Strategies; Communication and Reporting; and Assessment of Carbon Risks and Opportunities). The results of the test will give company's an overall score and identify areas that may require further attention. The exercise takes about 30 minutes to complete.