text:
E = 3B(1 – 2ν) (1)
where ν is the Poisson's ratio (post 20.5) of the material. We shouldn't be surprised by the appearance of Poisson's ratio because it relates three-dimensional changes in deformation (involved in the definition of B) with a stress that is applied in a single direction (involved in the definition of E).
Equation 1 is valid only for
- Small strains
- Materials whose properties are isotropic
- Homogeneous materials.
If the strains are small, then the material will obey Hooke's law reasonably well, over the small range of strains considered (post 20.3). An isotropic material has the same properties in different directions, so E and ν will be the same in all directions. A homogeneous material has the same composition throughout – it is not a mixture of different components; so equation 1 does not apply to materials like concrete, plastics reinforced with glass fibre, bread dough and a lot of other everyday materials.
The rest of this post is concerned with the derivation of equation 1. This derivation is tedious and if you are only interested in the results, stop reading here!
Matrix equation for relationship between stress and strain
Don't worry if you don't know anything about matrix algebra – I will try to explain what you need to know in this post.
Let's think of the deformation of a cube, whose sides have a length L, that defines the x, y and y axis directions (appendix 2 post 16.50).
What happens when we apply a tensile stress, σx (post 20.2), in the x-direction? A strain, εxx is generated in this direction where
εxx = σx/E
ν = – εxy/εxx
as explained in post 20.5, so that
εxy = – νεxx = – νσx/E.
Similarly, there is a strain εxz generated in the z-directions given by
εxz = – νεxx = – νσx/E.
So the total strain induced by the stress σx is given by
σx/E (in the x-direction) – νσx/E (in the y-direction) – νσx/E (in the z-direction).
Using the same arguments and the same notation, the total strain induced by a stress σy in the y-directions is given by
σy/E (in the y-direction) – νσy/E (in the x-direction) – νσy/E (in the z-direction).
And for a stress σz in the z-direction, the total strain is
σz/E (in the z-direction) – νσz/E (in the x-direction) – νσz/E (in the y-direction).
Now let's collect the strains in the x-direction together. Then
εx = σx/E – νσy/E – νσz/E = (1/E)(σx – νσy – νσz).
We can do the same thing for the y and z-directions so that the relationships between the stresses and strains are given by the three equations below.
εx = (1/E)(σx – νσy – νσz).
εy = (1/E)(- νσx + σy – νσz).
εz = (1/E)( – νσx – νσy + σz).
Matrix notation allows us to collect these three equations together so that
In this matrix equation the strains are contained in a 3 × 1 matrix and are calculated by pre-multiplying the 3 × 1 stress matrix by a 3 × 3 matrix. A matrix doesn't have a value; it consists of elements, each with their own value. You can see how pre-multiplication of a 3 × 1 matrix by a 3 × 1 matrix works by comparing this matrix equation with the three equations above it. But I provide more explanation in the appendix.
Writing the three independent equations as a single matrix equation may seem pointless. But it is often more convenient to use matrix notation rather than have to deal with several related equations. I shall also use equation 2 in other posts.
Relationship between engineering strain and volumetric strain
Originally our cube had a volume given by
V = L3.
Now each length is increased by a strain. So, in the x-direction, the new length is L(1 + εx) (post 20.2). In the y and z-directions the new strains are L(1 + εy) and L(1 + εz), respectively. Therefore, the volume of the strained cube is
V' = L3(1 + εx) (1 + εy)(1 + εz) = L3(1 + εx)(1 + εz + εy + εy εz)
= L3(1 + εz + εy + εy εz + εx + εxεz + εxεy + εxεy εz) ≈ L3(1 + εx + εz + εy).
The final result arises because, for small strains, one strain multiplied by another is negligibly small.
So the change in the volume of the cube is
ΔV = V' – V = L3(εx + εz + εy).
And the volumetric strain (post 20.20) is
Θ = ΔV/V = ΔV/L3 = εx + εz + εy.. (3)
Matrix equation for isotropic compression
If the cube is subjected to isotropic compression, the volumetric stress is given by –p (post 20.20). Then equation 2 becomes
Frome this equation we can see that
(1/E)(-p + νp + νp) = εx = εy = εz = ε. (5)
These equations define an isotropic strain, ε, that is given by
ε = -(p/E)(1 – 2ν). (6)
From equations 3 and 5
Θ = 3ε. (7)
From equations 6 and 7
Θ = -3(p/E)(1 – 2ν). (8)
In post 20.19 we defined B by
B = –p/Θ so Θ = –p/B. (9)
And, from equations 8 and 9
–p/B = -3(p/E)(1 – 2ν).
Dividing both sides of this equation by p/E and multiplying both sides by B gives
E = 3B(1 – 2ν).
This result is identical to equation 1, so we have proved the relationship between E and B.
In the next post, we will think about the relationship between E and the rigidity modulus, n (post 20.19).
This appendix explains some simple matrix algebra. Remember that a matrix does not have a numerical value – it is a collection of numbers called matrix elements or simply elements.
Transpose of a matrix
We will define the 3 × 1 matrix A by
This is also called a column matrix because it consists of only 1 column that contain the elements a1, a2 and a3. The transpose of A is written AT and is defined by
AT is called a row matrix because it consists of only 1 row. That contains the same elements as A.
We will define the 3 × 3 matrix B by
This matrix has 3 rows and 3 columns and so contains 9 elements. The transpose of B is
To calculate C = B × A multiply the first blue element in B by the first element in A, then multiply the second blue element in B by the second element in A, then multiply the third blue element in B by the third element in A; now add the results together to get the first element c1 in the column matrix C. Now do the same thing with the red elements of B to get c2 and with the green elements to get c3. You will find, for example, that
c3 = b13a1 + b23a2 + b33a3.
Now you can see how equation 2 gives the three expressions for the strains εx, εz and εy, in the three equations above it.
If you calculate AT × A you will get a single number a12+ a22 + a32. But you can't calculate A × AT. And you can't calculate A × B either. In both examples the order in which the matrices are multiplied is important; we can pre-multiply A by AT but we can't pre-multiply AT by A. Similarly, we can post–multiply AT by A but we can't post-multiply A by AT. The suffixes pre– and post– tell us which matrix comes first in the multiplication process.
In general, we can multiply two matrices together if the number of columns in the first is equal to the number of rows in the second. Below D is an m × n matrix and E is an n × p matrix.
We can the elements of G = D × E from
gij = di1eij + di2e2j + …dinenj
where G is a m × p matrix.
Relationship to vectors and tensors
Conventionally, we write the three-dimensional vector F in the form
F = iFx + jFy + kFz.
where i, j and k are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, and Fx, Fy and Fz are the components of F in the x, y and z directions (post 17.3). However


text:
One of the most important terms used in Income Tax, 1961 is Cost Inflation Index (CII). Understanding this term is very crucial for the correct computation of Long Term Capital Gains under Income Tax Act.
What is Cost Inflation Index?
Cost Inflation Index (CII) is a measure of inflation which is used in Income Tax Act, 1961 to compute long term capital gains on sale of capital assets. It comes under Section 48 of the Income Tax Act and is a quantifiable measure used to implement the concept of Indexation.
Cost Inflation Index from Financial Year 1981-82 to Financial Year 2016-17 is given below
|FINANCIAL YEAR||COST INFLATION INDEX|
Concept of Indexation
The value of rupee today is not same as it was some years back. The prices of commodities keeps on increasing due to a factor called Inflation. Hence the concept of Indexation is introduced in the Income Tax act to take into account, the effect of inflation while computing long term capital gain.
"Indexation helps us to counter the erosion in the value of the asset over a period of time. Using the inflation index, one needs to increase the purchase price of the asset so that it reflects inflation-adjusted true price in the year in which it is sold."
How is Cost Inflation Index Used to calculate Long Term Capital Gains?
Cost inflation Index is reported in terms of Financial Year not in terms of Assessment Year. In India, the Financial Year starts from 1st April and ends on 31st March of the following year. To understand how CII is used, one should have a basic understanding of the following terms:-
- Capital Assets: A capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee, whether connected with their business or profession or not. It includes assets which can be held by a person for example Mutual Funds, Shares, Real Estate, Gold, Fixed returns Instruments such as Fixed Deposit, etc.
- Long Term and Short Term capital assets: Assets are classified as Long Term or Short Term with reference to the period of holding of the assets till it is transferred. The classification is made on the following basis.
|Nature of Asset||Short Term Capital Asset||Long Term Capital Asset|
|(i) Shares in a company or any other security listed in a recognized stock exchange in India or equity oriented mutual fund||Held for not more than 12 months.||Held for more than 12 months.|
|(ii) Assets other than assets mentioned in (i) above.||Held for not more than 36 months.||Held for more than 36 months.|
How does CII helps in computing capital gain/loss?
As the original cost of acquisition is historical, the concept of Indexation allows the tax payer to take into account the effect of inflation and consequently, a lower amount of capital gains gets to be taxed. In indexation and capital gain parlance, the purchase price is called Indexed cost of Acquisition. Following is the formula of Indexed Cost of Acquisition.
Indexed Cost of Acquisition = (Actual cost of purchase) * (CII of Year of Sale) / (CII of Year of Purchase).
This can be explained with the help of following example:
Suppose a property is purchased in financial year (FY) 1995-96 for Rs 20 lacs. It is sold in financial year 2016 -17 for Rs 100 lacs.
Then, the gain would be = Rs 100 lacs – 20 lacs = Rs 80 lacs.
But if CII is considered then we need to calculate cost of 20 lacs of 1995-96 in the year 2011-2012.
From the table Inflation index in year 1995-96 is 281 and year 2011-2012 is 1125.
So, Indexed cost of Rs 20 lacs in the year 2011-2012 is = 20 * (1125/281) = 80.07
Hence, Long term capital gain = 100 – 80.07 = 19.93 lacs instead of Rs 80 lacs.
However, Indexation cannot be used for all asset classes. The benefit of Indexation cannot be used for Fixed returns Investments such as Fixed Deposit, Bonds, Debentures, NSC, etc.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Two Torah scrolls, one complete and one incomplete, were found in Poland's Sokolow Podlaski district.
The Torah scrolls, found August 20, are believed to have belonged to a synagogue in nearby Wegrow.
A local policeman brought the scrolls to the municipal offices in Sokolow and gave them to Marcin Pasik, head of the Sokolow Commune. "The policeman is known in the local community because of his interest in history. That's why he was contacted by a woman living in a nearby village. She asked him to help her sell the old scrolls. The policeman thought, however, that such a precious treasure should go to a museum," Slawomir Tomaszewski, Sokolow police press officer, told JTA.
The woman did not want to relinquish the scrolls for free. She reportedly has already tried to sell them to some people in Sokolow County, but her asking price was too high.
Since the Torah scrolls are likely from Wegrow, Pasik gave them to Krzysztof Fedorczyk, the mayor of Wegrow district, on Tuesday. The mayor placed the scrolls in a safe. "We wondered for a long time about what to do with them. Our lawyer might tell us what the next steps should be. It's all quite complicated," said Fedorczyk.
"This Torah scroll apparently was lost to the Jewish people during World War II," Polish Chief Rabbi Michael Schudrich told JTA. "The Torah was written so that it should be used during Jewish religious services. The appropriate home both morally and historically would be with a living Jewish community in Poland."


text:
There are four basic types of shots in ice hockey:
A count of how many shots are taken by a team is kept and this is often used as rough guide to which team is being more aggressive and dominant. A scoring attempt in hockey (as opposed to soccer) is officially counted as a shot only when it is directed on goal, resulting in a goal or requiring the goaltender to make a save. This is called a shot on goal. The numbers of shots and saves in a game are especially relevant to goaltenders, whose save percentage is based on how many shots did not get past them. The number of shots taken by skaters and the percentage on which they score is also measured, but these numbers are generally given less weight.
A player's handedness is determined by which side of their body they hold their stick. A player who shoots left (alternatively called a left-handed shot) holds the stick such that the blade is (normally) to the left of their body, with the left hand on the bottom and the right hand on top; a player who shoots right (a right-handed shot) holds the stick such that the blade is to their right, with the right hand at the bottom and left hand on top. The bottom hand delivers most of the power while the top hand is responsible for control and stickhandling, as well as the "whip" of your shots. Of the 852 players who skated in the 2007–08 NHL regular season, 554 of 852 (65%) were left-handed shooters.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
published on June 28, 2017
The Contractualist Dilemma
In moral and political philosophy many contractualist views appeal to hypothetical consent when justifying their proposed normative contents. In this paper I argue that all of them fail. In particular, I defend three claims. First, I consider and develop what I call the common objection to contractualism: that the stipulation of a hypothetical consent adds nothing to the independent reasons offered in contractualist procedures in favor of the normative content in question. Second, I hold that this objection gives rise to what I call the contractualist dilemma. Third, in light of the dilemma, I argue that contractualism should be understood in a non-justificatory way. These three claims might sound familiar to readers versed on the contractualist tradition. It is striking, however, how many contemporary authors continue to defend contractualism as a method of justification despite these arguments. This paper is thus a strong invitation to finally abandon the justificatory interpretation of this view.


text:
The UV/Vis/near infrared spectrometer SCIAMACHY on board the European ENVISAT satellite enables total column retrieval of atmospheric methane with high sensitivity to the lower troposphere. The vertical column density of methane is converted to column averaged mixing ratio by using carbon dioxide retrievals as proxy for the probed atmospheric column. For this purpose, we apply concurrent total column measurements of CO2 in combination with modeled column-averaged CO2 mixing ratios. Possible systematic errors are discussed in detail while the precision error is 1.8% on average. This paper focuses on methane retrievals from January 2003 through December 2004. The measurements with global coverage over continents are compared with model results from the chemistry–transport model TM4. In the retrievals, the north-south gradient as well as regions with enhanced methane levels can be clearly identified. The highest abundances are found in the Red Basin of China, followed by northern South America, the Gangetic plains of India and central parts of Africa. Especially the abundances in northern South America and the Red Basin are generally higher than modeled. Further, we present the seasonal variations within the investigated time period. Peak values in Asia due to rice emissions are observed from August through October. We expand earlier investigations that suggest underestimated emissions in the tropics. It is shown that these underestimations show a seasonal behavior that peaks from August through December. The global measurements may be used for inverse modeling and are thus an important step towards better quantification of the methane budget.
C Frankenberg, JF Meirink, P Bergamaschi, APH Goede, M Heimann, S Koerner, U Platt, M van Weele, T Wagner. Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: Analysis of the years 2003 and 2004
Status: published, Journal: J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 111, Year: 2006, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006235


text:
William Sharp, one of the first chromolithographic printers in the U.S., created these extraordinary illustrations for the large folio Victoria Regia (1854) by John Fisk Allen. Allen, a well-known horticulturalist, cultivated a specimen of the rare, huge (up to 8 feet in diameter), fast-growing (up to an inch an hour!) water lily, native to the Amazon. After months of careful tending, the plant—named in honor of the recently-crowned Queen Victoria—blossomed on the evening of July 21, 1853. Sharp's depictions of this exotic wonder—in various stages of bloom—were masterpieces and elevated the then-nascent art of chromolithography to spectacular new heights.
image captions: All images are from a copy of Victoria Regia in our collections. Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens.


My Neurotypical Friend Meg
In order for non-Autistic people to communicate effectively with Autistics, they have to adjust to our passion, our authenticity, and our need for room to express ourselves in our language.
Understanding autistic body language, showing a woman with outstretched hands in a "I don't know" pose
Autistic Body Language
My different sensory, social and physical experiences don't prevent me from empathizing. In fact, I am skilled at building rapport, seeing things from different perspectives, and connecting with people.
Autism: Autistic Empathy is Different
Emma Reardon discusses the difference between her own autistic expression of empathy compared to neurotypical empathy and the role the sensory plays in how we feel and demonstrate empathy.
Expanding my comfort zone
I realize that there's a lot going on right now that doesn't fit anywhere in my comfort zone. It has made me outrageously uncomfortable. Through
The alexithymia & autism guide
Alexithymia is so common among autistic people that it is commonly mistaken for autism itself. In this post, I explain what alexithymia is and how it presents itself in autism.
A guy holding up a poster in front of their face with a sad emoticon on it, while holding their phone.
No, Really, I'm Fine (on Alexithymia)
Alexithymia has never been so thoroughly or thoughtfully defined in all the ways it affects a person who can't feel exactly how it affects them.
Skip to content


text:
How to do simple numerical integration in Excel using the Gaussian Quadrature method.
Integration in Excel using Gaussian Quadrature
Microsoft Excel is a very powerful tool for a surprising range of applications. The built-in library of mathematical functions cover many of the needs in day-to-day design task. However, integrating an arbitrary continuous function in Excel is not one of the built-in function. In many Engineering projects, one often needs to approximate integrals of a continuous function (think calculating power or energy). Fortunately there are ways around this limitation in Excel. The simplest of the methods is the so called "trapezoidal rule" integration. As the name indicates, we evaluate the function f(x) at a number of points and calaculate the total area (integral) as the sum of the areas of small trapezoids between two points. So the integral in the interval [a,b] can be simply estimated by the trapezoid area given by:
S = (b-a) * [f(a) + f(b)]/2
Repeat this for many points, hopefully evaluated at very short spaces and you can get a reasonable estimate of the integral. Simple as the method is, it's also the leat accurate of them all. It may be OK for a first-order estimate, but the accuracy can be pretty bad as demonstrated in the example further below. This is especially true when trying to integrate exponential functions which as luck would have it, are extremely common in Engineering problems (and nature in general).
Fortunately, there are many alternative methods of integration which are much more precise and are not very computationally intensive either. Most people learn about the Simpson rule for example in an introductory numerical anlysis class. It's an improvement over the trapezoidal method but not that accurate either. Recently, I learned about a class of methods knows as "Gaussin Quadrature" that fit the bill perfectly: simple and quite accurate for the effort involved!
Methods such as the Simpson rule estimate an integral by evaluating a function f(x) at a point equidistant from a and b in each interval [a,b]. For example, with the Simpson rule, the function needs to be evaluated at x = (a+b)/2 which is exactly the middle of the interval. There is really no reason why it needs to be so. The beauty of Gaussian integration is that is does not fix the evaluation points at a fixed fraction of the interval, but rather it selects them at an optimum point (or points) in the interval. Figure 1 shows the two-point Gaussian quadrature for example. Note that the number of points can be much larger; the more points the more accurate the estimation. However, for the purpose of this article we will stick to two-point quadrature. As stated in the first equation, the integral is estimated by evaluating f(x) at two points: x = x1 and x = x2 and multiplying it by two constants c1 and c2. These points are chosen to yield minimum error and the associated formulas are shown below:
Figure 1 - The Two-point Gaussian Quadrature
Excel Worksheet Example
To illustrate this, I made an example spreadsheet available for download. The function I chose to integrate (exponential) is a trivial case since the integral can be easily evaluated analytically:
However, this allows us to compare the integration results using both the trapezoidal method and the Gaussian quadrature against the know integral value. Once you understand the procedure, you will see that it is quite easy to adapt for any other function. The spreadsheet can be download through the link below:
|Gaussian Quadrature Example, Rev 1|
The worksheet shown in Figure 2 contains the exp(x) function evaluated at a number of points. Notice that the points are not linearly distributed but rather geometrically (xn = k * xn-1). The number of points per decade can be entered in the "# Points / Decade" field. For comparison, the integral is evaluated using both the trapezoidal and the two-point Gaussian quadrature methods. Notice the the points x = x1 and x = x2 are calculated in columns G and H.
Figure 2 - Gaussian Quadrature Spreadsheet
Since for this simple integral the exact value can also be easily calculated, we can compare the error obtained using these two approaches. Figure 3 shows the error percentage comparison as a function of x.
Figure 3 - Error Comparison
As evidenced by Figure 3, the Gaussian quadrature does a much better job of estimating the integral than the simple trapezoidal method. The trapezoidal error grows fast when it tries to approximate a convex fast-growing function such as exp(x) (i.e. in this case, it overestimates the area of the integral).
I hope this spreadsheet can be useful to others whenever simple and relatively accurate integral estimation is needed. For a more useful example application of this method, please have a look at my "Transistor Amplifier Calculator". In that spreadsheet, the Gaussian quadrature method is used to integrate the PSD function over the frequency range specified and thus calculate the total noise power.
As mentioned earlier, if even greater accuracy is needed, one can use more points in the Gaussian quadrature. In those cases it may be worth developing a VBA function as it can become tedious to add the points x1... xn in separate spreadsheet columns as I've done here. This may be the topic for a future article:)
Comments, questions, suggestions? You can reach me at: contact (at sign) paulorenato (dot) com


text:
Basic knowledge of NZ natural history/Activities/New Zealand Geography
To gain basic knowledge of New Zealand geography and the role it plays in tourism
Taking a look at New Zealand glaciers
- Now we are going to look at glaciers - can you name the three main glaciers of the South Island? Which is the largest and where is it located?
- Can you describe (write it down)in your own words, just what a glacier is and how they were formed?
- Can you name three tourism operations that run from glaciers - what are they and what do they offer?


text:
Tensile Fabric Structures in UAE
Results 1 - 19 of 19
About Tensile Fabric Structures
Designing of interesting roof forms have become possible with the use of tensile fabric structures in UAE. These structures have been used in buildings since 1970s. Today they are used to give dramatic forms to architectural works. They offer variety to roofing forms in terms of translucency, colour, clear span and softness. Tensile fabric structures are lightweight and can be created into three dimensional forms by applying tension. Tensile structures are usually supported by as masts, rings or beams which work as compression or bending elements. These structures are resistant to fire, rain, sun and wind. They are also resistant to damage caused by blunt objects, but not to sharp ones.


text:
Children are believing in something completely untrue. Should you encourage kids to believe in myths such as the Easter Bunny, and if so, when should you tell them the truth?
To perpetuate the myths of the Easter Bunny and Santa Claus, parents must lie to their kids. Some parents don't believe in taking part in such elaborate deceptions. They worry these myths can cause distrust of the parents when their children realize the truth later on.
Additionally, some parents think these myths promote materialism and greed because the emphasis is on receiving rather than giving. However, proponents for the Easter Bunny and Santa will say it's actually the opposite — the Easter Bunny and Santa Claus can be symbolic of the gift-giving spirit associated with the holidays.
Many psychologists say you should let your kids take the lead when discussing the Easter Bunny or Santa Claus.
"Forcing an elaborate Santa Claus [or Easter Bunny] story on children serves no good purpose for child or parent," child psychologist Bruce Henderson of Western Carolina University told MSNBC. "On the other hand, following the child's lead in fantasy play about Santa Claus is likely to do no more harm than imaginative play surrounding Elmo or Mickey Mouse. Parents can respond to direct questions honestly with answers appropriate to their children's developmental levels."
Don't stop believin'
You might find your child knows the Easter Bunny is imaginary but likes to perpetuate the myth. He may be concerned that if he stops believing, there will be no more Easter egg hunts, chocolate rabbits and Peeps every year. Remember that as your children get older, you can continue with the same Easter traditions, even if all your kids know the truth that it's you who is filling their baskets with treats.
Most of the time, parents don't have to sit down with their kids and break the news that the Easter Bunny doesn't exist. Many kids believe whole-heartedly for several years. Then, when they reach age 7 or 8, they begin to have some doubts. Between their own intellectual development and the chance that another child tells them, kids usually piece it all together on their own when they are 8 to 10 years old. Around this age, if your child asks if the Easter Bunny is real, just be honest. If your child is older than 10 and still believes in the Easter Bunny, you should fill them in on the truth. Let your kids know that although the bunny itself is imaginary, it's part of a tradition that brings a lot of joy and fun to kids at Easter time.
And you'll see personalized content just for you whenever you click the My Feed.
SheKnows is making some changes!


How to Assemble Office Chair in 6 Steps
Last Updated on by Artem
Fortunately, there is no rocket science involved, however, if you still need some pointers on how to assemble office chair, you are in the right place.
In this short guide I go over everything you need in order to put it together as fast as possible. So if you got yourself a chair from our list, let's get right to its assembly!
Office Chair Assembly in 6 Steps
For the sake of this guide we are going to use assembly instructions for an office chair sold by Posturion.
Here is what you get in the box once you open it up.
The cool part is that everything you need for assembly is included with the chair itself.
Now we are ready to piece everything together! You will find all the steps right below but here is a video if you prefer that.
Step 1: Insert The Legs Into The Base
Turn the chair's base (14) upside down, and then insert the legs (6), one by one, into the base. You don't need to put much pressure to do that.
Next, screw ten bolts (13) into the pre-drilled holes with the wrench (15) to attach the base and the legs. Again, make sure the bolts are screwed in tightly but don't apply too much effort.
Step 2: Install The Casters and The Gas Lift
This is easy. Press the casters (7) into the holes at the end of each base leg one by one.
Then insert the gas lift (5) to the base. Follow the instructions and make sure the gas lift is positioned vertically on the base of the chair.
Step 3: Assemble The Armrests
Amrests are essential for maintaining a good sitting posture. Time to attach them to the chair!
Now you need to turn the Seat (2) upside down and align three holes on one of the Armrests (3) with the pre-drilled holes under the Seat.
Attach the Armrest to the Seat with three Bolts (10) using the Wrench (15). Repeat on the other side of armrest.
Move one to the next step once you get this done.
Step 4: Attach The Mechanism
Time to add the office chair height mechanism to the base of your office chair.
Align the mechanism (4) over the pre-drilled holes underneath the Seat (2), make sure the front of the mechanism is facing the front of the Seat. Attach the office chair mechanism to the Seat with four Bolts (8), and tighten all bolts with the Wrench (15).
*Follow the instructions and be extra cautious as mis-threading the bolts will damage the chair!
Step 5: Add The Headrest
Time to give this office chair a headrest!
To do it, turn the Back (1) upright and attach the seat while aligning three holes of the Mechanism (4). Attach three Bolts (9) with the Wrench.
Step 6: Put Office Chair Parts Together
Finally! It's time to assemble the chair by putting the base together with the upper part.
Here are the instructions.
Align the hole at bottom of the seat with the Gas Lift, put the body of the chair on the Gas Lift. Fix the Headrest (11) on top of the chair by attaching two Bolts (12).
Can't assemble your office chair? Here are 2 of the most common reasons for the assembly process to go wrong.
Reason 1: You Got Lost
Office furniture instructions, at times, look almost like rocket launcher drawings. They can be confusing and…that's all right.
If you feel like you got lost, here is what you need to do.
First, take a short break. Seriously, let it go for 5-10 minutes! Your brain will be ready for the challenge after taking a breather.
Second, start over. Yes, starting all over again seems like a time-consuming process but…it's a standard operating procedure that you need to go through in order to accomplish the office chair assembly business you are pursuing so vigorously. This step will also help you to make sure you have done everything right and followed the instructions. It will also help you to catch any mistakes you might have done accidentally (e.g. using a bolt for the wrong part).
The majority of issues tend to resolve themselves after you look at the instructions with fresh eye.
Now, what if you are still unable to put the chair together?
Reason 2: Missing Parts
Infrequently manufacturers ship chair boxes with certain parts missing. This is why it's important you check that the package includes everything you need to put the chair together. You should compare everything you see in the box to the list printed inside the manual that comes with the chair.
Here is the one from the chair sold by Posturion.
In case you discover that parts are missing, feel free to reach out to the vendor for them to send the bits you need. Usually there is no problem with that.


text:
Transformer equipment is one of the key elements of any power system that affects its reliability.
Due to continuous severization of the requirements pursuant to stability, safety and efficiency of modern power systems' operation, on-line intelligent systems for monitoring of operating modes and condition assessment of electrical equipment installed at power grids are becoming more and more popular.
In up-to-date conditions of automation of power systems and power grids, implementation of automated control systems, the terms "intelligent grid" and "intelligent transformer" are increasingly found.
Intelligent Transformers mean transformers and autotransformers which include special electronic monitoring and control devices ensuring the following functions:
- Electrical energy quality registration and analysis at all voltage sides (high, intermediate, low) in steady state processes.
- Fault and healthy transient processes registration and analysis, including: commutations (switching on, switching off) and shot circuit regimes.
- Monitoring of electrical, thermal and mechanical parameters of the main units of the transformer construction with expert estimation of the equipment technical condition and loading capability and service life.
- Remote automatic optimum control of cooling system
- Remote automatic optimum control of tap changers
Above mentioned functions are realized in Monitoring, Diagnostic and Control Expert System by PJSC «Zaporozhtransformator» (PJSC ZTR).
Functions of Monitoring System
Monitoring, Diagnostic and Control Expert System ESMDU-TRANS is purposed for:
- technical condition control of the transformer equipment within operation
- generation of diagnostic, warning and emergency messages
- database maintenance
- communication of information related to technical condition of the equipment to automatic control system of substation (ACS SS)
Substation maintenance staff and experts of transformers are the users of system.
Hardware structure of ESMDU-TRANS
Hardware structure of ESMDU-TRANS has three – level system:
Level 1 – sensors and sensing transmitters. At this level, conversion of measured physical parameters into unitized signals is realized for measured data transfer to level 2.
Level 2 – controllers and input/output devices. At this level, signal processing from level 1, performance of calculations of series of diagnostic parameters and generation of digital bitstream is realized for data transfer to level 3. Constructive arrangement is inside the diagnostics cabinet.
Level 3 – server of data acquisition and expert evaluation. At this level, acquisition and processing of digital bitstreams, archive maintenance, implementation of expert evaluations, information display on monitor screen and informational communication with adjacent systems of higher level is realized. Constructive arrangement is inside the Workstation cabinet.
Software (SW) and database (DB) structure
Software of ESMDU-TRANS system has four-level structure:
Level 1 – software of intelligent measuring instruments:
- Instrument for bushing insulation quality control;
- Instrument for moistureand gas-content in oil;
- Fiber optic sensors monitor.
Level 2 - software of controllers of connection cabinet and diagnostics cabinet, which ensures:
- Continuous data reading of all analog, digital and relay signals and instruments with different sample rate (from 1 time per 30 minutes up to 7MHz)
- Data pre-processing and storage, data exchange with software of level 3;
- Formation and generation of signals for transformer relay protection;
- Formation and generation of control signals by cooling system devices (pumps, fans, valves);
Level 3 – software of Workstation industrial computer, ensuring:
- Continuous reading (with 3 seconds resolution) of measurement data transferred by diagnostics cabinet controller, primary analysis and recording of this information in actual database (if required);
- Periodical (as initiated by user) input to the system referral database of information related to diagnostics results of transformer oil physical and chemical parameters, and results of dissolved gas-in oil chromatographic analyses, carried out on the grounds of research of oil samples in specialized laboratories;
- Continuous calculation of electric power diagnostics parameters according to real steady-state and transient modes of transformer operation based on given data, recording of this information in actual database;
- Continuous calculation of diagnostics parameters related to technical condition of the transformer functional subsystems based on reference data and measurement data, recording of this information in actual database (if required);
- Continuous expert evaluation of diagnostics parameter current values of electric power and all transformer functional subsystems;
- Formation of conclusion as for degree of risk to continue normal operation of individual subsystems and the transformer as a whole;
- Visualization of information for Workstation user as referred to measured and calculated values of diagnostics parameters and results of expertises performed for transformer technical condition evaluation.
Level 4 – software of WEB server or local computer network, ensuring simultaneous visualization of information for several Workstations' users as referred to measured and calculated values of diagnostics parameters and results of expertises performed for transformer technical condition evaluation.
System user interface
The user interface is grouped into virtual devices corresponding to the various hardware subsystems.
There are virtual devices to navigate the system, to visualize the information for the user, to build reports, to make reference.
Virtual device "System superintendent (operator) panel" is specified for visualization of the expertise work results of all virtual devices. Buttons in the left side pointing technical condition of the subsystems for all phases of transformer. Those buttons are designed for calling additional panels and corresponding virtual devices. Diagram with list of expertise with a help of color defines results of the work of each expertise. Messages of the expertise results are defined in right upper part of the device in online system messages recorder. Most dangerous (fault) signal conditions are viewed by color of indicators in right lower part of the device.
Virtual device "Electrical energy parameters (steady state processes)" is designed for electrical power parameters of the network in steady state. At this state parameters of measured instantaneous current and voltage values of all phases (A, B, C) and sides (LV, IV, HV) are analyzed. The following is calculated using this measured values : instantaneous and real values of linear and phase powers, parameters that characterize network energy quality and non symmetry of phase signals, overvoltage statistics, harmonic compounds of the all steady state signals (amplitudes, phases).
Similar virtual devices are designed for all functional subsystems of equipment, including:
- electrical power parameters control in steady state
- electrical power parameters control in transient processes
- signal control of technological protection devices
- electromagnetic and thermal parameters control of the magnetic system
- electromagnetic and thermal parameters control of the windings
- solid isolation and transformer oil diagnostic parameters control
- bushings diagnostic parameters control
- diagnostic parameters and regimes control of cooling system work
- tap changer diagnostic parameters control.
PJSC ZTR experience in delivery of monitoring systems
ZTR has more than 10 years experience of Monitoring system deliveries together with transformer equipment. In doing so, all projects of Monitoring systems, choose and installation of sensors, development of cooling system and tap-changer control cabinets, designing of diagnostics algorithms and expertise of diagnostics parameters at Workstation has been performed by "ZTR" PJSC. However, hardware and software for data acquisition and data transfer to Workstation has been executed by co-executors.
- 2001 - delivery of the first monitoring system.
- 2008 - number of Monitoring system deliveries reached 50.
- 2011 – the 100-th delivery of Monitoring system.
- 2013 - more than 150 deliveries of Monitoring systems.
- In 2011 on the grounds of previous experience the first version of the ESMDU-TRANS system was developed and implemented in trial operation by "ZTR" PJSC based on Compact Rio controllers and LabView software designed by National Instrument (NI).
- In 2012 the additional software for user training was developed.
- In 2013 ESMDU-TRANS successfully passed mechanical, climatic and electromagnetic compatibility tests in the laboratories of GOSSTANDARD of Ukraine and obtained proper reports. System version updated according to test results was implemented for TNC-1 000 000/500 and TRDNS-63 000/35 transformers for TPP Berezovskaya, ATDCTN-125000/330/110 (2 pcs.) for Ruchej s/s, AODTN-83333/500/150 (4 pcs.), ODTN-83333/500/150 (4 pcs.) (Uruguay).
- Since 2011 up to 2013 ESMDU-TRANS was tested with more than 20 transformers at ZTR testing fields during routine tests.
Diagnostic cabinet with controller of actual time installed near the transformer.
Cabinet of computer workstation installed at premises of substation.
|Inputs and outputs||
AC transmission channels: 0-1 А, 0-5 А
DC transmission channels: 4-20 mA
Transmission channels of AC voltage: 0-100 V
RTD inputs: Pt-100
Transmission channels of relay signals: dry contact
Number of transmission channels is determined by type of controlling device and requirements of the Customer.
Nonvolatile memory of controller is used for keeping information of emergency events.
SQL database is used for keeping of long-term data, archiving of alarms and events.
Appendix installed in PC.
Web-server for data browsing at the remote working place
|Link||RS-232, Ethernet 10/100, fiber optic element|
|Supported reports||IEC 61850, IEC 60870, Modbus, OPC|
Material: stainless steel
Protection degree: IP54
installation: close to the transformer on the separate foundation
|Cabinet of workstation||
Material: stainless steel
Protection degree: IP54
Installation: indoors of substation
|Operating temperature||-40 up to +60°C|
|Standards applied||Electromagnetic compatibility: IEC 61000, GOST 32137-2013|


Families Corner You & The EU Roboto
Demographic and societal change high on the EU agenda
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has left a lasting impact on the way we live and work together and it came at a time when Europe had already been going through a period of profound demographic and societal change. Tackling the impact of this change is at the heart of the von der Leyen Commission which published the Report on the impact of demographic change' on 17th June, that presents the drivers of demographic change and the impact they are having across the European Union.
This Commission Report presents the main drivers of demographic change and the impact they are having across Europe, including the ageing population and declining birth rates resulting in a shrinking working-age population. The paper launches a process that will help identify concrete actions and solutions, mindful of lessons learned from COVID-19, to support people, regions and communities that are most affected and to enable them to adapt to changing realities. Among the key actions, there is the objective to push for a larger and more inclusive labour market, by measures such as boosting the employment rate of women, and allowing both women and men to better reconcile work and family life via the 2020-2025 Gender Equality Strategy; and opening up the labour market to persons with disabilities and reducing the many barriers they face (discrimination, accessibility and more). Health and long-term care systems are also mentioned as a key priority for investment as already enshrined in the European Pillar of Social Rights with a focus on infrastructure, such as hospitals, long-term care homes and housing adapted and equipped for older people.
While the solidarity between generations is referred to in the report as one of the driving forces of Europe's recovery, there are few references in the report to the younger generations. Combating youth unemployment is highlighted briefly, and investment in children is mentioned only really indirectly through work-life balance measures. The importance of investing in children is however explicitly mentioned in another report, namely the EPSCO Council conclusions on demographic challenges which makes a series of recommendations including investments in early childhood education and care, breaking the cycle of poverty from generation to generation, financial support to families raising children, delivering a proposal for a Child Guarantee and designating 2023 the European Year for combating child poverty.
COFACE Families Europe will continue to monitor closely EU discussions on demographic change, and closely related initiatives such as :
 - the implementation of the EU work-life balance directive;
 - the future Green Paper on 'Ageing and a Long-term vision for Rural Areas' ;
 - the development of a European Child Guarantee.
Translate »


National Institute for Environmental Studies Invasive Species of Japan Japanese | English
 1. Invasive Species of Japan >
 2. Vascular plants >
 3. Ambrosia trifida
Ambrosia trifida
Basic information
Scientific name Ambrosia trifida
Click to magnify
Common names Giant Ragweed, Great Ragweed, Buffalo Weed, Horse Weed
Higher taxon Asteraceae, Asterales, Magnoliopsida, Magnoliophyta
Natural range North America.
Habitat Farm area, fruit garden, pasture field, riverside, roadside, vacancy, etc.
Invasion information
Range in Japan Almost entire Japan including Okinawa. Range in Japan
Origin Unknown.
Date The first record was in 1952 at Chiba Pref. and Shimizu Port of Shizuoka Pref.
Route Accidental: With agriculture products such as grains or beans.
Impact Actual: Competition with native plant, crop, pasture, etc. Allelopathy. Parasite (insects, fungi). Allergen for hay fever.
Affected organism: Native plants such as Primula sieboldii, crops, pasture, etc. (competition). Human (health damage).
Introduced range in other countries Europe, Asia
Reference Notes
 - etc.
100 of the Japan's Worst Invasive Alien Species.
South Korea prohibits importation of this species.


"IV Tube Chemical Linked To Preemie Liver Woes"
The small study in a German hospital suggests a chemical known as a phthalate, used in some intravenous feeding bags and tubing, may raise preemies' chances for liver damage.
Rigorous research on phthalates' effects in humans is lacking, and at least one expert found the German study unconvincing. There is no solid proof implicating the phthalate studied, DEHP.
However, the researchers said their results show that hospitals treating newborns or preemies should turn to IV feeding equipment that doesn't contain DEHP. Some hospitals in the U.S. already have switched.
Premature babies' livers are immature so they are already at risk for liver complications. They also are often fed intravenously, a practice already known to increase liver problems. The new study, published Monday in the journal Pediatrics, says one possible reason is DEHP. Animal studies suggest the phthalate chemical may cause various health risks including liver abnormalities and reproductive system damage."
Lindsey Tanner reports for the Associated Press July 27, 2009.
Source: AP, 07/28/2009


text: In the manufacturing process of flip-chips, ultrasonic bonding has been widely used. In the past, however, the ultrasonic horn was designed to move horizontally while the bonding force was applied vertically, the motion control of the horn thus cannot be controlled accurately. In addition, non-coplanar effects were unavoidably occurred and the quality of bonding became unacceptable. In this paper, the non-coplanar phenomenon between the horn and the substrate was attempted to improve by designing the horn with the following features: 1. The resonant mode of the horn is purely longitudinal; 2. The contact surface between the horn and the flip-chip in the substrate remain plane; The finite element method (FEM) was used to design the ultrasonic horn with the above features. In the future, the amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) will be used to verify the FEM results.


Friday, September 7, 2007
5 Web Tips - En Route to Thunder Hole
Went to Bar Harbor to run through the "avoid last minute surprise" pre-convention questions with resort manager (e.g., where does wireless work and not work, what are room service hours, if anything closes - what time are they closed, which sleeping rooms are impacted if dance music too loud, where to move breakfast if it rains, etc.) One question caused a different reaction - "Why are there tables instead of desks in the guest rooms"? Her response: "Our typical customer is the leisure traveler, not a business traveler."
OHHHH -- so attendees at a convention in Bar Harbor should go to Acadia National Park (entrance less than a quarter mile away) and not sit at a desk in their hotel room working?
The Acadia National Park web site has really good examples associations could consider:
1. Call video and audio-casts "multimedia presentations". RSS feed them too. Length is very short -- and topics of general public interest.
2. Have a "Support Your Park" button -- for donations, bookstore purchase, volunteering, etc. -- How many associations have a "Support Your (Whatever)" button on their main page encouraging contributions, volunteerism and social responsibility (i.e., not just dues payment options or online stores)
3. A "For Teachers" button with curriculum and field trip information. Do we make it easy for teachers to find materials to teach about our industries?
4. Pictures show people enjoying various activities. Do associations give the impression something fun happens with membership or involvement?
5. Highlight their own commitment to environment and social responsibility - and clearly encourages it from others, with specific ideas how.
And if that isn't inspiration enough, there's always Cadillac Mountain and Thunder Hole (pic) in the Park to help.
1 comment:
Anonymous said...
Great ideas for web site links.


text:
Some of the most consequential COVID-19-related decisions for public education were those that modified how much in-person learning students received during the 2020-2021 school year. As part of an IES-funded research project in collaboration with the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) on COVID's impact on public education in Virginia, researchers at the University of Virginia (UVA) collected data to determine how much in-person learning students in each grade in each division (what Virginia calls its school districts) were offered over the year. In this guest blog, Erica Sachs, an IES predoctoral fellow at UVA, shares brief insights into this work.
COVID-19 has caused uncertainty and disruptions in public education for nearly three years. The purpose of the IES-funded study is to describe how Virginia's response to COVID-19 may have influenced access to instructional opportunities and equity in student outcomes over multiple time periods. This project is a key source of information for the VDOE and Virginia schools' recovery efforts. An important first step of this work was to uncover how the decisions divisions made impacted student experiences during the 2020-21 school year. This blog focuses on the processes that were undertaken to identify how much in-person learning students could access.
During 2020-21, students were offered school in three learning modalities: fully remote (no in-person learning), fully in-person (only in-person learning), and hybrid (all students could access some in-person learning). Hybrid learning often occurred when schools split a grade into groups and assigned attendance days to each group. For the purposes of the project, we used the term "attendance rotations" to identify whether and which student group(s) could access in-person school on each day of the week. Each attendance rotation is associated with a learning modality.
Most divisions posted information about learning modality and attendance rotations on their official websites, social media, or board meeting documents. In June and July of 2021, our team painstakingly scoured these sites and collected detailed data on the learning modality and attendance rotations of every grade in every division on every day of the school year. We used these data to create a division-by-grade-by-day dataset.
A More Precise Measure of In-Person Learning
An initial examination of the dataset revealed that the commonly used approach of characterizing student experiences by time in each modality masked potentially important variations in the amount of in-person learning accessible in the hybrid modality. For instance, a division could offer one or four days of in-person learning per week, and both would be considered hybrid. To supplement the modality approach, we created a more precise measure of in-person learning using the existing data on attendance rotations. The new variable counts all in-person learning opportunities across the hybrid and fully in-person modalities, and, therefore, captures the variation obscured in the modality-only approach. To illustrate, when looking only at the time in each modality, just 6.7% of the average student's school year was in the fully in-person modality. However, using the attendance rotations data revealed that the average student had access to in-person learning for one-third of their school year.
One of the biggest lessons I learned working on this project was that we drastically underestimated the scope of the data collection and data management undertaking. I hope that sharing some of the lessons I learned will help others doing similar work.
- Clearly define terminology and keep records of all decisions with examples in a shared file. It will help prevent confusion and resolve disagreements within the team or with partners. Research on COVID-19 in education was relatively new when we started this work. We encountered two terminology-related issues. First, sources used the same term for different concepts, and second, sources used different terms for the same concept. For instance, the VDOE's definition of the "in-person modality" required four or more days of access to in-person learning weekly, but our team classified four days of access as hybrid because we define "fully in-person modality" as five days of access to in-person learning weekly. Without agreed-upon definitions, people could categorize the same school week under different modalities. Repeated confusion in discussions necessitated a long meeting to hash out definitions, examples, and non-examples of each term and compile them in an organized file.
- Retroactively collecting data from documents can be difficult if divisions have removed information from their web pages. We found several sources especially helpful in our data collection, including the Wayback Machine, a digital archive of the internet, to access archived division web pages, school board records, including the agenda, meeting minutes, or presentation materials, and announcements or letters to families via divisions' Facebook or Twitter accounts.
- To precisely estimate in-person learning across the year, collect data at the division-by-grade-by-day level. Divisions sometimes changed attendance rotations midweek, and the timing of these changes often differed across grades. Consequently, we found that collecting data at the day level was critical to capture all rotation changes and accurately estimate the amount of in-person learning divisions offered students.
The research brief summarizing our findings can be downloaded from the EdPolicyWorks website. Our team is currently using the in-person learning data as a key measure of division operations during the reopening year to explore how division operations may have varied depending on division characteristics, such as access to high-speed broadband. Additionally, we will leverage the in-person learning metric to examine COVID's impact on student and teacher outcomes and assess whether trends differed by the amount of in-person learning divisions offered students.
Erica N. Sachs is an MPP/PhD Student, IES Pre-doctoral Fellow, & Graduate Research Assistant at UVA's EdPolicyWorks.
This blog was produced by Helyn Kim (_EMAIL_), Program Officer, NCER.


Nixon - Name - Sysoon
Nixon - Name
Nixon is on Sysoon. Find the obituaries, grave, funeral notices, cemetery, historical and death records of Nixon and join the bereaved relatives of Nixon [1967-en]
Search for in Sysoon's death records database.
This interesting and popular surname is of medieval English origin. It is a patronymic form of the given name "Nik(ke)", a short form of Nicholas, itself a derivation of the Greek "Nikolaos". This is a compound of the consisting of the elements "nike", meaning 'victory', plus 'laos' - the people. As 'The Victory People' it is not surprising that the name was popular, as this is how the Ancient Greeks saw themselves. The name is found in pre-Conquest England, one 'Nicolaus' being recorded in the 1086 a.d. Domesday Book as holding land before 1066. The surname is first recorded in the early 14th Century (see below) and is also found as Nickson and Nixson, whilst John Nickeson is listed in the Subsidy Rolls of Warwickshire (1332). The surname is widespread on both sides of the Scottish Border, with William Nycson occupying lands in the district of Ermyldoune, in Liddesdale, Scotland, in 1376. William Nykson was one of the "borowis" for the earl of Douglas's 'bounds of the West March' in 1398. Today, the surname is also numerous in Ulster, since it was established in counties Antrim and Fermanagh at the time of the Plantation of Ulster (1609). One of the earliest settlers in the New World was one Mary Nixon, who is recorded as holding five acres of land in the parish of Christ Church, in the Barbados, in 1678. A Coat of Arms granted to the family is gold, on a red chevron between three red leopards' faces, three suns in splendour proper. The Crest is that of a leopard rampant guardant proper. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Robert Nikkesune, which was dated 1309, in the "Records of the Borough of Nottingham", during the reign of King Edward 11, known as "Edward of Caernafon", 1307 - 1327. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
Or search our database for:
Similar and alternative names to Nixon:
Soundex code for Nixon is: N250 | Reversed: noxiN
Length of name: 5 characters
Search on Google
Find a grave


-authored a new research paper suggesting that learning to perform magic tricks makes children more creative.
During the experiment, a group 10 to 11-year-old children completed a creativity test that involved coming up with multiple uses for an everyday object. They were then taught how to perform a simple trick in which they showed someone a cube with different coloured sides, asked the person to secretly choose a colour, and then magically revealed their person's choice. Finally, they all completed the creativity test a second time. Compared to another group of children who took part in an art lesson, learning the trick significantly boosted the children's creativity scores.
Magic tricks often involve lateral thinking and we suspect that learning to perform the illusions encouraged children to think outside of the box. There is a need to enhance creative thinking from a young age. Learning magic tricks would be a cost effective, practical, and fun way of teachers and parents boosting children's creativity. Maybe in the future, magic will become part of the school curriculum!
The peer-reviewed work was carried out in collaboration with Amy Wiles and Professor Caroline Watt (Edinburgh University), and published in the academic journal PeerJ.
You can read the paper for free here, and a general review on magic and education here.
I have just co-authored a new research paper suggesting that learning to perform magic tricks makes children more creative. During the experiment, a…
Richard Wiseman 2021-05-06T19:02:02Z 2021-05-06T19:02:02Z
cover2I am delighted to announce that I have co-authored a new book – David Copperfield's History of Magic.
It's written by David Copperfield, David Britland and myself, with photographs by Homer Liwag.
The book presents a personal tour of David's amazing secret museum of magic in Las Vegas. Containing over 100 full colour photographs, the book takes you on a journey into a clandestine world of psychology, history and magic. The book is released on October 26th and is now available for pre-order.
USA: Click here
UK: Amazon UK
I am delighted to announce that I have co-authored a new book – David Copperfield's History of Magic. It's written…
Richard Wiseman 2021-05-02T20:54:01Z 2021-05-02T20:54:01Z Good Magic Award Last year I collaborated with The Good Thinking Society to set up the Good Magic Awards.Our first award focused on performers who use magic tricks to improve the lives of others, including work with disadvantaged groups, hospital patients, and schools. The judges selected two great winners: Megan Swann (who presents a magic show that promotes environmental issues) and Breathe Magic (who support children with hemiplegia by helping them to learn tricks that improve physical and psychological wellbeing). This year, the award will provide £2,000 to support a new and innovative project that promotes the art of magic. This might, for example, include developing a live or virtual performance, writing a magic-related book or essay, creating a podcast, devising a new form of illusion or presentation, or undertaking research into the history of magic. Applicants need to be over 18 years old and currently residing in the UK, and nominations will close at 5pm (GMT) on 20th February 2021.To enter, please head over to The Good Thinking Society now!
Last year I collaborated with The Good Thinking Society to set up the Good Magic Awards. Our first award focused…
Richard Wiseman 2021-01-25T12:47:42Z 2021-01-25T12:47:42Z
Science magic
A few years ago I produced three videos containing ten magic-based science stunts. I thought that they might help educate and entertain children during lockdown, or indeed anyone with a curious disposition. Here they are…..


text:
McDaniel College's Reading Specialist: Literacy Leadership master's degree program has partnered with Wilson Language Training to offer a new 10-credit dyslexia specialization, which includes Level I Certification in the Wilson Reading System® (WRS).
McDaniel is the first higher education institution in Maryland to partner with Wilson to offer this online certification. The Wilson Reading System is an intensive reading program for students in grades 2-12 and adults with a language-based learning disability, such as dyslexia. Based on the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction, WRS is an explicit, multisensory structured literacy program that teaches the structure of the English language to systematically build strong literacy skills in struggling readers.
Wilson Language Training is accredited by the International Dyslexia Association (IDA). Its WRS Level I Certification has an Accreditation PLUS designation by IDA, which recognizes that the program aligns with IDA's Knowledge and Practice Standards for Teachers of Reading and produces educators who have engaged in intensive, supervised practicum experiences that promote applied mastery of the principles and practices of structured literacy.
McDaniel is currently accepting applications for the first cohort of this new specialization, which is scheduled to begin in August.
"Within this new certificate program, candidates develop an understanding of the characteristics of dyslexia and its impact on literacy acquisition, as well as learn techniques for multisensory structured language instruction," said Lisa Buckler, coordinator of the Reading Specialist program at McDaniel.
She added, "Researchers estimate one in five children has a language-based learning difficulties. Recent legislation in Maryland requires schools to screen and provide supplemental reading instruction for students determined to be at risk for reading disorders. This partnership with Wilson sets McDaniel apart in preparing literacy leaders to meet the needs of all students, as the Wilson Reading System is widely used in schools across the United States to help students with dyslexia and other language-based learning disabilities become fluent, independent readers."
Wilson President and Co-founder Barbara Wilson shared, "McDaniel College's longstanding Reading Specialist graduate program is known for creating literacy leaders in classrooms. We are excited to partner with this program to deliver our mission of providing professional learning that equips educators with the skills and tools they need to successfully teach individuals with language-based learning disabilities, including dyslexia."
For more information about this new opportunity, visit Reading Specialist: Literacy Leadership.


Sequential Analysis of the Origin of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
This example shows pairwise sequence alignment (PWSA). PWSA has multiple applications in bioinformatics, such as multiple sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. We look at a PWSA that uses a global dynamic programming algorithm to align each pair of sequences, and we then calculate the pairwise distances using the Tajima-Nei metric. This gives us a matrix of distances between sequences that we use for inferring the phylogeny of HIV and SIV viruses. PWSA is a computationally expensive task with complexity O(L*L*N*N), where L is the average length of the sequences and N is the number of sequences [Durbin, et al. Cambridge University Press, 1998].
For details about the computations, view the code for pctdemo_setup_hivview the code for pctdemo_setup_hiv.
Related examples:
Load the Example Settings and the Data
We start by getting the example difficulty level. If you want to use a different example difficulty level, use paralleldemoconfig and then run this example again. See Customizing the Settings for the Examples in the Parallel Computing Toolbox for full details.
difficulty = pctdemo_helper_getDefaults();
The pctdemo_setup_hiv function retrieves the protein sequence information from the NCBI GenBank® database, and the difficulty parameter controls how many protein sequences we retrieve. You can view the code for pctdemo_setup_hivview the code for pctdemo_setup_hiv for full details.
[fig, pol, description] = pctdemo_setup_hiv(difficulty);
numViruses = length(pol);
startTime = clock;
Downloading data from the NCBI GenBank database
Finished downloading
Calculate the Distances
We call seqpdist to align the POL sequences and use the Tajima-Nei metric to measure the distances between them.
pold = seqpdist(pol,'method', 'Tajima-Nei', 'Alphabet', 'NT',...
 'indel', 'pair');
Measure the Elapsed Time
The time used for the sequential computations should be compared against the time it takes to perform the same set of calculations using the Parallel Computing Toolbox in the Distributed Analysis of the Origin of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus example. The elapsed time varies with the underlying hardware.
elapsedTime = etime(clock, startTime);
fprintf('Elapsed time is %2.1f seconds\n', elapsedTime);
Elapsed time is 12.6 seconds
Plot the Results
Now that we have all the distances, we can construct the phylogenetic tree for the POL proteins. You can view the code for pctdemo_plot_hivview the code for pctdemo_plot_hiv for full details.
pctdemo_plot_hiv(fig, pold, description);
Was this topic helpful?


Search This Blog
Thursday, 9 August 2012
Replica of Greek satyr bust from c.400 BC (Dr Karl Shuker)
A few months ago, I spotted in a charity shop the very unusual artefact depicted above at the beginning of this ShukerNature blog post; and after recognising what it was, I lost no time in purchasing it for the princely sum of just £5. It is a replica of a Greek stone bust dating from c.400 BC, which portrays the head of a satyr.
Typical latter-day depiction of satyr as goat-man in a medieval bestiary by Aldrovandi
Today, the popular image of a satyr is that of a semi-human semi-goat entity, with hairy goat-legs and hoofed feet, a pair of short curly horns, and a very inconspicuous goat-tail.
'Satyr Among Roses' (Jade Bengco)
In classical Greek mythology, conversely, the satyr was originally represented with the long, profusely-haired tail of a horse, with pointed donkey-like ears rather than horns, a flattened nose, and the legs and feet of a normal human.
Satyr depicted with a long, full-bodied horse-tail on a pottery fragment from a Greek amphora dating from the 6th Century BC
Lovers of wine, nymphs, and playing music with their panpipes, satyrs were disciples of a minor demi-god of fertility called Silenus, and, just like him, they were also enthusiastic followers of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine. As Silenus was commonly portrayed as an elderly man of typically inebriated aspect, old satyrs were duly referred to as sileni (young ones were known as satyrisci).
'Drunken Silenus', a 2nd-Century-AD Roman marble statue in the Louvre, Paris (public domain)
During Roman times, however, the image of the satyr became conflated and ultimately synonymised with that of a rustic Roman nature deity called Faunus. He was half-human, half-goat, as were his followers, known as fauns (though originally they were described as half-human, half-deer).
Statue of Faunus at the Fountain of Neptune in Florence, Italy, sculpted by Bartolomeo Ammanati (public domain)
Since then, satyrs and fauns have generally been treated as one and the same type of mythical entity. But just how mythical – or otherwise – are satyrs?
Miniature figurine of satyr (Dr Karl Shuker)
As described time and again in mythology and folklore, satyrs were infamously lewd and lustful, never happier than when, fuelled by copious quantities of wine, they were in lecherous pursuit of some hapless nymph to ravish.
Satyr statue by Frank (Guy) Lynch in Sydney Botanic Gardens, Australia, visited by me during autumn 2006 (Dr Karl Shuker)
In my book The Unexplained (1996), I documented a remarkable cryptozoologically-relevant link between these priapic satyrs of classical legend and certain forms of elusive man-beast being reported today – with the emphasis very definitely upon priapic. Here is what I wrote:
"In Greek mythology, satyrs were semi-humans with the hairy legs, hooves, tail, and short horns of goats - but did they have a basis in reality? This unexpected prospect was raised in a stimulating paper published in the scientific journal Human Evolution in 1994 by Dr Helmut Loofs-Wissowa from the Australian National University's Faculty of Asian Studies.
"In ancient classical art, satyrs were frequently portrayed with a prominently erect penis - even when engaging in non-sexual activity. Indeed, it was this characteristic that earned them their reputation for sexual licentiousness. However, Dr Loofs-Wissowa believes that this is all fallacious - that in reality, the satyrs were displaying a physiological condition known as the penis rectus, in which the penis assumes a horizontal position even when flaccid. Among modern humans, this condition is only recorded from the bushmen of South Africa, but it is often portrayed in prehistoric cave art, including some Upper Palaeolithic examples from Europe, in which the figures exhibiting the penis rectus condition are hairy humanoids."
Classical Greek satyr statue ostensibly portraying the penis rectus condition (Athens Archaeological Museum)
"There are two very intriguing aspects concerning this. One is that anthropologists have argued that these hirsute figures are representations of Neanderthal Man Homo neanderthalensis, which is believed to have died out at least 30,000 years ago. The other is that sightings of hairy troll-like humanoids are often reported in many parts of Asia, and these are believed by some scientists to be relict, modern-day Neanderthals, eluding formal scientific discovery. Of particular note here is that eyewitness descriptions of these mystifying entities have often alluded to the odd fact that they seem to have permanently erect penises, apparent even when spied indulging in non-sexual activity such as eating or walking. This suggests that they are in reality displaying the penis rectus condition.
"Combining all of this information, Loofs-Wissowa suggests that the penis rectus condition is clearly a marker in human palaeontology, i.e. indicating the identity of Neanderthals. And, as a direct consequence, he boldly proposes that satyrs might actually have been latter-day Neanderthals. He notes that many features attributed to satyrs in artistic representations differentiate them from modern humans but ally them to Neanderthals. These include their hairy body, upturned nose, prominent eye ridges, round head, strong neck - and, most noticeable of all, their exhibition of the penis rectus condition, hitherto wrongly identified as an overtly visual indication that satyrs possessed a hyperactive sex drive.
"A very novel idea, but it still leaves unexplained the small matter of the satyrs' hooves and tail, not to mention their horns..."
Statue of a satyr unearthed at Pompeii, Italy (Dr Karl Shuker)
Not all cryptozoologists, however, agree that satyrs may represent relict Neanderthals. In their book The Field Guide to Bigfoot, Yeti, and Other Mystery Primates Worldwide (Avon Books: New York, 1999), Loren Coleman and Patrick Huyghe propose an alternative but equally thought-provoking option. They suggest that man-beasts exhibiting this distinctive penile condition represent a category of man-beast entirely separate from Neanderthals. They term it the Erectus Hominid, as they believe this man-beast may constitute a surviving representative of one of our own species' ancestors, Homo erectus:
"The Erectus Hominid is probably the least known of the world's mystery hominids. The reason for this is simple: most of the beings in this class have in the past been misidentified as Neanderthal. The Erectus Hominid is human-sized to about six feet tall. Its body is also within the standard human range with a slight barrelling of the chest. They are partially to fully hairy, with head hair longer than their body hair. The males of the class normally display a semi-erect penis."
Whatever the identity of satyrs in European mythology may be, however, there is an intriguing yet generally overlooked reason for their unbridled libido and debauched passion for seducing nymphs – the same reason why I entitled this ShukerNature blog post 'Sex and the Single Satyr'. Remarkably, there is no reference anywhere in the annals of classical mythology to female satyrs!
'Nymphs and Satyr', painted by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (_PHONE_)
By definition, therefore, all satyrs were doomed to remain single, celibate, and sexually frustrated – unless they could achieve some lascivious success with the local dryads (wood nymphs) and oreads (mountain nymphs). Equally, such illicit liaisons offered the only opportunity for satyrs to procreate, producing new generations of satyrs, albeit ones that were increasingly diluted by the nymphs' genetic input.
Statue of an infant faun at Glastonbury, Somerset (Dr Karl Shuker)
Eventually, satyrs simply vanished from folklore and traditions, but, faced with such an uncertain, unpredictable pathway to reproductive success, it is hardly surprising really that they became extinct!
Satyr frolicking with nymphs, painted by Claude Lorrain (public domain)
 1. 'homo erectus' is one of the tags. I chuckled. Does that make me juvenile? I wonder how many mythical creatures are an attempt to describe real (or more plausible) animals?
 2. I suppose if satyrs do represent early encounters with other human species, it would perhaps be primarily male hunters that would be met, explaining why satyrs are always represented as male. On the other hand, there are plenty of other examples of unusual races of beasts in Greek mythology which seem to have only a single gender.
 I'm sure the name Homo Erectus has provoked many a childish titter when first heard. How ironic it would be for so named a species to turn out to be priapic.
 3. I always thought of nymphs as the satyrs' female counterparts. Sexual dimorphism, not a separate species.
 4. No, nymph


text:
|This article does not cite any references or sources. (November 2011)|
- "X" is a meronym of "Y" if Xs are parts of Y(s), or
- "X" is a meronym of "Y" if Xs are members of Y(s).
For example, 'finger' is a meronym of 'hand' because a finger is part of a hand. Similarly 'wheel' is a meronym of 'automobile'.
Meronymy is the opposite of holonymy. A closely related concept is that of mereology, which specifically deals with part/whole relations and is used in logic. It is formally expressed in terms of first-order logic. A meronymy can also be considered a partial order.
A meronym means part of a whole. A word denoting a subset of what another word denotes is a hyponym.
In knowledge representation languages, meronymy is often expressed as "part-of".
|This semantics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
Hi How can I find the characteristic equation from state space? Thanks
write 34 000 x 180 000 in normal notation
Population of the United States. In 2006 the population of the United States was 300.2 million (U.S. Census Bureau, _URL_). If the population continues to grow at an annual rate of 1.05%, then the population in the year 2020 will be 300.2(1.0105) ^14 million. a) Evaluate the...
AX=B) x+7=-18 6x+2y=12 find inverse for matrix 1 1 0 2 1 -3 0 -1 3 3 2 -2 1 2 1 0
A motorboat travels 240 miles in 3 hours going upstream and 742 miles in 7 hours going downstream. What is the rate of the boat in still water and what is the rate of the current?
-5y4(y5)2/15y7(y2)3 simplify using the power of a power rule
How many liters are contained in a cube with each edge 1 m? a. 0.01 b. 10 c. 100 d. 1,000
Ask a new Math Question
Tips for asking Questions
- Provide any and all relevant background materials. Attach files if necessary to ensure your tutor has all necessary information to answer your question as completely as possible
- Set a compelling price: While our Tutors are eager to answer your questions, giving them a compelling price incentive speeds up the process by avoiding any unnecessary price negotiations
1. I'm having problems with my math. Can you help me? All I need is an example just to make sure I'm on track.
- Solve the following
- a) 3/(n+1)-1/(n+1)=14/(n^2-1)
- b) 1/(y-1 )+y/(1-y)
- d) (x-2)/(8x-24)*(5x-15)/(x^2 -4)
- e) z/(z-1)+1/2=3/z
- f) (x-3)/(x^2+2x-15)-(4-x)/(x^2-9x+20)
- 2. How do I set up this problem? An exam contains five "true or false" questions. How many of the 32 different ways of answering these questions contain 3 or more incorrect answers?


text:
The 2015 version of the "Cosmetics Safety Technical Specifications" requires that the total number of bacteria and the total number of molds and yeasts are mainly tested for microorganisms.
On the premise that the total number is controlled below the standard, no heat-resistant coliform bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and golden yellow staphylococcus. After cosmetics are contaminated by pathogenic bacteria, it will not only affect the good brand image of the product, but also cause a fatal blow to the company's economy, but also cause serious harm to the customer's body. Therefore, no matter which country it is, they are very concerned about the quality and safety of cosmetics. Every country or region in the world has implemented its own country's cosmetic microbial content standards, and clearly stipulated the content of microorganisms, so as to maximize the Reducing the pollution of cosmetics caused by viruses produced by microorganisms can not only improve their quality and safety, but also protect the health of consumers
The quality of any cosmetic or drug may change due to various reasons during production, storage, transportation and use. One of these reasons is caused by the so-called microorganisms, which are a group of extremely small organisms, which generally include bacteria, yeasts, molds and viruses. Cosmetics or drugs are contaminated by microorganisms, which can cause changes in the physical properties of the products (such as color, odor, etc.), change the active ingredients of the products, and sometimes cause allergies, toxins and virus infections. Therefore, microorganisms in cosmetics or drugs must be strictly controlled..
The total number of colonies refers to the total number of colonies contained in 1g (1mL) of the test sample after being processed and cultured under certain conditions (such as medium composition, culture temperature, culture time, pH value, aerobic properties, etc.). The results obtained include only the total number of mesophilic aerobic colonies grown under the conditions specified in this method.
The total number of molds and yeasts refers to the total number of live molds and yeast colonies in 1g or 1mL of cosmetics after the sample is cultured under certain conditions, so as to determine the degree of mold and yeast contamination of cosmetics and their general hygiene. According to the unique morphology and culture characteristics of molds and yeasts, the method was cultured at 28°C for 72 hours on tiger red medium, and the number of molds and yeasts grown was calculated.
Cosmetics and Microorganisms
Every time a function is added to cosmetics, its raw material components will also increase, and the raw material environment will become a high-quality development cradle for the reproduction of these pathogenic bacteria, because these raw materials have various nutrients such as carbon sources. And cosmetics are basically composed of water, and a humid environment is conducive to the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the pH of cosmetics is between PH4-7, and the storage temperature is 20~30℃, which are close to the growth conditions of pathogenic bacteria such as bacteria and mold. The above factors all provide conditions for the survival and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in cosmetics. In inferior cosmetics, the pathogenic bacteria exceeding the standard or the color change, smell and mildew during the storage process will cause the user to be sick and infected to varying degrees. Therefore, the detection and control of cosmetic products Microorganisms are extremely important


text:
When All Data Are Not Created Equally
T idewater areas can be difficult places to acquire consistent-quality seismic data, because different sources have to be used across exposed land surfaces than what are used across shallow-water areas.
Typically, explosives are used in shot holes in the onshore portion of a tidewater prospect, whereas environmental regulations may require that an air-gun source be used in shallow-water areas.
These two seismic sources produce different basic wavelets – and profiles produced with explosives and air guns rarely tie in an optimal manner at common image coordinates without using wavelet-shaping algorithms to create equivalent reflection character across targeted intervals.
An example of using an explosive source and an air-gun source across a Louisiana tidewater area is documented as figures 1 and 2. This shallow-water test line was recorded twice because, at this location, explosive sources were allowed.
For one profile, the source was a 30-pound (13.6-kilogram) charge positioned at a depth of 135 feet (41 meters) at each source station.
For the second data acquisition along the same profile, the source was an array of four air guns with a combined volume of 920 in3, and eight air-gun pops were summed at each source station.
Considerable processing effort was expended to make the final reflection character identical on each test line. The data illustrated as figure 1 show the results of the data processing.
The frequency content of the two profiles is approximately the same, but wavelet character is not identical at the junction point (station 165). In this instance, the interpreter responsible for this prospect decided that the reflection character expressed by the explosive source was preferred rather than the wavelet response shown by the air-gun source.
The challenge was that in neighboring tideland areas, regulations required that an air-gun source be used in water-covered areas – shot-hole explosives could not be used in shallow water as they had been across this initial test site, and a method had to be developed that would allow air-gun-source data to be used in conjunction with explosive-source data acquired across adjacent exposed-land areas.
Said another way, the problem was to create a basic wavelet in air-gun-generated data that was equivalent to the basic wavelet embedded in explosive-source data.
This type of problem has to be solved by data-processing procedures, not by data-acquisition techniques.
An approach used by many data processors to ensure that equivalent basic wavelets exist in two seismic profiles acquired with different sources is to calculate numerical cross-equalization operators that convert the phase and frequency spectra of source A to be equivalent to the phase and frequency spectra of source B.
This technique was applied to the tidewater seismic data illustrated on figure 1 by using data from the image trace at station 153 to calculate cross-equalization operators that converted the phase/frequency spectra of the air-gun data to the spectra of the explosive-source data.
The result is exhibited as figure 2.
The wavelet character of the profiles now agrees better at the tie point so that common horizons, sequence boundaries, and facies character can be interpreted on both profiles with greater confidence.
The example discussed here is from a tidewater area where operating and environmental constraints forced different sources to be used on land-based and water-based seismic lines.
The concept of numerical equalization of the basic wavelets embedded in any grid of intersecting 2-D (or 3-D) data, however, applies to a variety of onshore and offshore areas where people have access to overlapping legacy seismic data that have been acquired by different companies at different times and with different energy sources.


text:
February 19, 2009
Flavius Josephus was a famous Jewish historian of the first century, at the time of the destruction of the Second Temple. According to legend, during the Jewish-Roman war he was trapped in a cave with a group of forty soldiers surrounded by Romans. Preferring death to capture, the Jews decided to form a circle and, proceeding around it, to kill every third person remaining until no one was left. Josephus found the safe spot in the circle and thus stayed alive.
Write a function
) that returns a list of n people, numbered from 0 to n-1, in the order in which they are executed, every mth person in turn, with the sole survivor as the last person in the list. What is the value of
josephus(41,3)? In what position did Josephus survive?
Pages: 1 2


DEFINITION of 'Remargining'
The process of bringing an account up to minimum equity standards by depositing more cash or equity. This typically occurs after the account holder has received a margin call.
When a stock is purchased on margin in a margin account, the account holder is required to maintain certain levels of equity in that account. When these requirements are not met, the brokerage firm will require that additional cash or securities be deposited to bring the account up to minimum equity levels.
BREAKING DOWN 'Remargining'
When an individual purchases stock on margin, he or she must maintain equity in the account of up to 50% of the total value of the securities margined, or borrowed. If the stock should decline in value, the brokerage firm may issue a margin call, which is essentially a demand for the account owner to boost the equity position to the minimum requirement. When a person does this, he or she is said to be remargining the account.
 1. Borrowed Capital
 Funds borrowed from either individuals or institutions. Borrowed...
 2. Margin
 1. Borrowed money that is used to purchase securities. This practice...
 3. Margin Call
 4. Margin Account
 A brokerage account in which the broker lends the customer cash...
 5. Maintenance Margin
 6. Leverage
Related Articles
 1. Options & Futures
 How Does Your Margin Grow?
 Risk-management tool SPAN margin boosts profitability prospects by helping to determine when to exit a trade.
 2. Options & Futures
 Margin Trading
 3. Investing Basics
 Why do Debt to Equity Ratios Vary From Industry to Industry?
 4. Markets
 The Origins of the Chinese Stock Market Collapse
 5. Stock Analysis
 How Rollins Inc. Transformed from Radio to Pest Control
 6. Term
 Understanding the Maintenance Margin
 7. Technical Indicators
 Key Financial Ratios to Analyze Investment Banks
 8. Professionals
 Career Advice: Management Consulting Vs. Private Equity
 Compare the career paths of management consulting and private equity, using criteria such as skills needed, starting salary and work-life balance.
 9. Trading Strategies
 Financial Ratios to Spot Companies Headed for Bankruptcy
 10. Brokers
 10 Most Famous Public Companies That Went Private
 1. What is the difference between leverage and margin?
 In financial terms, leverage is reinvesting debt in an effort to earn greater return than the cost of interest. When a firm... Read Full Answer >>
 2. What is a margin account?
 A margin account is an account offered by brokerages that allows investors to borrow money to buy securities. An investor... Read Full Answer >>
 3. What does a futures contract cost?
 4. How does a broker decide which customers are eligible to open a margin account?
 5. Are there leveraged ETFs that follow the retail sector?
 6. What is the interest rate offered on a typical margin account?
You May Also Like
Hot Definitions
 1. Stock Market Crash
 2. Financial Crisis
 3. Election Period
 4. Shanghai Stock Exchange
 5. Dead Cat Bounce
 6. Bear Market
Trading Center
You are using adblocking software
so you'll never miss a feature!