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|Objectives of Toolbox
The objective of the toolbox is to help users to identify the links between specific processes which lead to positive or negative impacts of livestock on the environment and technology or policy options which can enhance the positive and/or mitigate the negative effects.
Identification of the links can start either:
Content of Toolbox
A diagram showing the linkages between the different components of the toolbox is given in Fig. 1, clicking on a box will take you to the relevant page.
The pages separate into analytical tools which help the user define their question very tightly, information tools which provide the options in response and communication tools, which describe roles and options for training, extension and awareness creation and a zipped version of the toolbox which can be downloaded from the web site onto a CD.
For evaluating impacts of existing livestock management systems(IIa): the descriptions of systems (III) and agro-ecological zones (IV) are designed to help the user identify the key aspects of the environment and system which are particularly sensitive to interactions between livestock and the environment.
The matrices of risks and opportunities (V) help to identify possible causes of the interactions between livestock and the environment (VI) and the pages on environmental assessment (VII) are designed to help the user verify whether the cause described does apply in the system and environment specified at the start.
For assessing the impact of specified technologies and/or policies(IIb): the technologies are listed both by objective (XII) (increasing food supply, improving health status etc) and alphabetically (VIII), while the policy options are listed by livestock management system (XI) and alphabetically (IX).
Downloading: the toolbox (with all the internal links attached) can be downloaded from the web for use on a PC by clicking on the green button on the left hand side entitled 'download'. Clicking on the appropriate buttons leads to easy to follow instructions. A powerpoint presentation for use in workshops or talks to raise awareness of issues associated with livestock and the environment can be downloaded from the same page.
Training, extension and awareness creation: this tool includes cross-referencing to web sites which indicate how to access training in participatory analysis, which will help in the organisation of stakeholder consultations, which are considered an essential part in the implementation of national or regional environmental plans. The tool also links through to the powerpoint presentation referred to above.
Navigation through the toolbox
Information in the toolbox is stored in separate files. Key files, such as the structure, systems, options and communication tools can be accessed from anywhere in the toolbox by double clicking on green buttons down the left had side of the screen. If you use the search engine you 'lose' the green buttons, but clicking on the 'Livestock and Environment Home' text at the foot of the page will return you to the Home Page. Links between files (underlined in red or purple) are arranged to direct the reader to the most appropriate part of the file.
Logical progress through the toolbox as illustrated in the structure diagram is made by selecting the appropriate green matrix buttons embedded within the systems or options pages and then double clicking on the appropriate text for further information on an underlying factor or specific option, and then moving on to an information tool underlined at the foot of each page.
Access to background information or to expanded definitions of some concepts is provided within the text where underlining in red or purple appears. Some references are provided in full in the document, but provision of all was not recommended as this would have slowed up the speed of response of the toolbox.
To evaluate the impact of existing livestock management systems
Figure 1 Outline Structure of the Toolbox
[Livestock & Environment Toolbox Home]


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Research at Durham University claims to show kids are put off taking Latin GCSE because it is too hard – about a grade harder than other supposedly "hard" subjects. That is to say, if you can get a grade C at Latin, you'd be in the running for a B in Physics or German. And teachers, it's said, have too much of an eye on the league tables to persuade their pupils to take the risk.
At least this is a change from the usual story about Latin. More than a third of all takers get the top A* grade (compared with less than 4% in Business Studies and around 6% in German – or, going the other way, 55% in Greek). And 60% in Latin get A* and A combined. How easy it must be, some wonder.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


New NASA Prototype Spacesuit Development
What challenges must be overcome to build a spacesuit capable of withstanding the heat, cold, and the extreme environment of space? Learn about the accomplishments achieved by those working in space and discover two new prototype spacesuits, the PXS and the Z-2, as NASA continues to build on a 50 year legacy of spacesuits and prepares the next generation of explorers for the journey to Mars.


FTC warns of virus-related financial scams
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has released multiple warnings to help people avoid financial scams related to COVID-19, specifically related to the government providing citizens with checks.
With people losing income due to isolation, the government has been discussing sending Americans checks to aid with financial difficulties.
As of yet, no official decision has been made regarding this money.
Scammers have already taken advantage of these discussions, and have been hard at work divising schemes to fool people out of what money they have left.
The FTC warns no matter how the government decides to send citizens money, whether it be through check or direct deposit, there are three important things to remember:
- The government will not ask people to pay anything up front to get this money. No fees. No charges. No nothing.
- The government will not call to ask for Social Security numbers, bank accounts, or credit card numbers.
- These reports of checks aren't yet a reality.
When the government decides if, how and when they are going to send relief money directly to American citizens, they will let the public know. Until then, it is a good idea to be on the look-out for scammers claiming they have the money to send out already.
Some examples of how scammers may contact include:
- Text messages or emails telling the recipient to click the link provided to receive their $1,000
- Text messages or emails saying they are providing free technology (an iPhone 11, for example) to help with work during the outbreak
- Phone calls asking for personal information such as Social Security Number, bank account numbers, login information and more so they may provide the recipient with $1,000
- Fake check scams
Though the FTC cannot guarantee exactly how citizens would receive money from the government, if that is what they decide to do, they can guarantee that any person asking for payment to receive the money is a scammer and should be ignored and reported.
The Federal Trade Commission encourages those who have encountered these scams, and others like it, to report the incident to them at _URL_
The Grant Tribune-Sentinel
_PHONE_ (Phone)
PO Box 67
327 Central Ave in Grant
Grant NE 69140


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Musa acuminata and Musa paradisiac are two types of bananas adapted to warm and humid tropical climate, needing more than 2,000 mm of rainfall per year and rich soils to grow. Bananas have been present in our diets since long time ago, they are rich in potassium, a mineral that plays a very important role in mass bone formation and regulation of blood pressure, magnesium, selenium, phosphorous, iron, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc (very important to regulate sleep cycles and enhance male reproductive functions)...etc. Image: Bananas by Kevin Connors via Morgue File.
In spite most of us believe in the health benefits and multiple properties of Kela fruit (Bananas), not many people knows about their most valuable active constituent, a lectin named BanLec (from Banana Lectin), that is known to exert anti-cancer and anti-HIV properties and that has been recently the subject of scientific study for its potential pharmaceutical use in future medicines. Image: Banana tree by Melvin "Buddy" Baker under Creative Common license (CC BY 2.0).
Common name: Banana.
The image above has been taken with a 5 megapixel Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ3S, with a CCD chip that captures enough detail for photo-quality 13 x 17-inch prints, has a 6x image-stabilized optical zoom; 2.0-inch LCD display, playback of 9, 16, and 25 images is possible on a multi-split screen, Consecutive shooting feature lets you take up to five shots per second. The camera stores images on SD memory cards.
CURIOSITY: Kela fruit (Bananas) are naturally radioactive
due to the fact that they contain a relatively high amount of potassium, more precisely potassium-40
, a radioactive isotope of potassium, however the amount of potassium per banana is marginal, being only 0,036 mg or radioactive Potassium-40 out of the 300 mg or potassium that we find on each banana.
BANLEC LECTIN FROM BANANA
BanLec is a jacalin-related lectin, a kind of sugar-binding protein, isolated from the fruit of bananas found in the Musa acuminata bananas among other banana species. Lectins play a very important role in plants, where they are mainly used during germination, but their most important attribute is played in viral infections, where some viruses use lectins to attach themselves to the cells of the host organism during infection. This property has been used by scientists to hypothesize about the possibility to use this function to inhibit certain viruses. Image right: Peachyqueen via morguefile.
As the BanLec lectin from Musa paradisiac binds to high mannose carbohydrate structures including those found on viruses containing certain particular envelope proteins such as human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), scientist hypothesized that BanLec might inhibit HIV-1 through binding of the HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120. Well, the results of this study show that BanLec possesses potent anti-HIV activity BanLec is able to block HIV-1 cellular entry in the presence of BanLec. BanLec inhibits HIV-1 infection by binding to the glycosylated viral envelope and blocking cellular entry.
The relative anti-HIV activity of BanLec could be compared to other anti-HIV lectins, such as snowdrop lectin and Griffithsin, and to T-20 and maraviroc, two anti-HIV drugs currently in clinical use. BanLec is therefore a potential component for an anti-viral microbicide that could be used to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1.
Additionally to the already mentioned BanLec lectin identified in the predominant proteins in the pulp of ripe bananas (Musa acuminata L.), another study identified a lectin present in plantains (Musa spp.), the plantain agglutinin was called PlanLec.
BANLEC LECTIN AND T-CELL PROLIFERATION
A specific lectin (BanLec-I) from banana (Musa paradisiac), was found able to stimulated T-cell proliferation.
In a study done in murine models using the Banana genus Musa acuminata, it was determined that it is possible that the banana lectin could be developed into a useful anti-HIV, immunopotentiating and antitumor agent. In the study the lectin was capable of eliciting a mitogenic response in murine splenocytes and inducing the expression of the cytokines interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-2 in splenocytes.
Tumor Necrosis Factor primary role is the regulation of immune cells, but it is also able to induce fever, apoptotic cell death (natural cell death), sepsis, cachexia, inflammation, and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication.
 Isolation and characterization of BanLec-I, a mannoside-binding lectin from Musa paradisiac (banana).
V L Koshte, W van Dijk, M E van der Stelt, and R C Aalberse
 A lectin isolated from bananas is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication.
Swanson MD, Winter HC, Goldstein IJ, Markovitz DM.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
 Fruit-specific lectins from banana and plantain.
Peumans WJ, Zhang W, Barre A, Houlès Astoul C, Balint-Kurti PJ, Rovira P, Rougé P, May GD, Van Leuven F, Truffa-Bachi P, Van Damme EJ.
Laboratory of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
 Musa acuminata (Del Monte banana) lectin is a fructose-binding lectin with cytokine-inducing activity.
Cheung AH, Wong JH, Ng TB.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
 Plant names: Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995 - 2020, Sorting Anthemis Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia. < _URL_ >
 Chemistry: The Practical Science by Paul B. Kelter, Michael D. Mosher,Andrew Scot, pag. 903


NCP Nursing Diagnosis: Anxiety
Nursing Diagnosis: Anxiety
NOC Outcomes (Nursing Outcomes Classification)
Suggested NOC Labels
* Anxiety Control
* Coping
NIC Interventions (Nursing Interventions Classification)
Suggested NIC Labels
* Anxiety Reduction
* Presence
* Calming Technique
* Emotional Support
* Defining Characteristics: Physiological:
o Increase in blood pressure, pulse, and respirations
o Dizziness, light-headedness
o Perspiration
o Frequent urination
o Flushing
o Dyspnea
o Palpitations
o Dry mouth
o Headaches
o Nausea and/or diarrhea
o Restlessness
o Pacing
o Pupil dilation
o Insomnia, nightmares
o Trembling
o Feelings of helplessness and discomfort
* Behavioral:
o Expressions of helplessness
o Feelings of inadequacy
o Crying
o Difficulty concentrating
o Rumination
o Inability to problem-solve
o Preoccupation
* Related Factors: Threat or perceived threat to physical and emotional integrity
* Changes in role function
* Intrusive diagnostic and surgical tests and procedures
* Changes in environment and routines
* Threat or perceived threat to self-concept
* Threat to (or change in) socioeconomic status
* Situational and maturational crises
* Interpersonal conflicts
* Expected Outcomes Patient is able to recognize signs of anxiety.
* Patient demonstrates positive coping mechanisms.
* Patient may describe a reduction in the level of anxiety experienced.
Ongoing Assessment
* Assess patient's level of anxiety. Mild anxiety enhances the patient's awareness and ability to identify and solve problems. Moderate anxiety limits awareness of environmental stimuli. Problem solving can occur but may be more difficult, and patient may need help. Severe anxiety decreases patient's ability to integrate information and solve problems. With panic the patient is unable to follow directions. Hyperactivity, agitation, and immobilization may be observed.
* Determine how patient copes with anxiety. This can be done by interviewing the patient. This assessment helps determine the effectiveness of coping strategies currently used by patient.
* Suggest that the patient keep a log of episodes of anxiety. Instruct patient to describe what is experienced and the events leading up to and surrounding the event. Patient should note how the anxiety dissipates. Patient may use these notes to begin to identify trends that manifest anxiety. If the patient is comfortable with the idea, the log may be shared with the care provider who may be helpful in problem solving. Symptoms often provide the care provider with information regarding the degree of anxiety being experienced. Physiological symptoms and/or complaints intensify as the level of anxiety increases.
Therapeutic Interventions
* Acknowledge awareness of patient's anxiety. Because a cause for anxiety cannot always be identified, the patient may feel as though the feelings being experienced are counterfeit. Acknowledgment of the patient's feelings validates the feelings and communicates acceptance of those feelings.
* Orient patient to the environment and new experiences or people as needed. Orientation and awareness of the surroundings promote comfort and may decrease anxiety.
* Use simple language and brief statements when instructing patient about self-care measures or about diagnostic and surgical procedures. When experiencing moderate to severe anxiety, patients may be unable to comprehend anything more than simple, clear, and brief instructions.
* Reduce sensory stimuli by maintaining a quiet environment; keep "threatening" equipment out of sight. Anxiety may escalate with excessive conversation, noise, and equipment around the patient. This may be evident in both hospital and home environments.
* Encourage patient to talk about anxious feelings and examine anxiety-provoking situations if able to identify them. Assist patient in assessing the situation realistically and recognizing factors leading to the anxious feelings. Avoid false reassurances.
* As patient's anxiety subsides, encourage exploration of specific events preceding both the onset and reduction of the anxious feelings. Recognition and exploration of factors leading to or reducing anxious feelings are important steps in developing alternative responses. Patient may be unaware of the relationship between emotional concerns and anxiety.
* Assist the patient in developing anxiety-reducing skills (e.g., relaxation, deep breathing, positive visualization, and reassuring self-statements). Using anxiety-reduction strategies enhances patient's sense of personal mastery and confidence.
* Assist patient in developing problem-solving abilities.
o Emphasize the logical strategies patient can use when experiencing anxious feelings.
Learning to identify a problem and evaluate alternatives to resolve it helps the patient to cope.
* Instruct the patient in the appropriate use of antianxiety medications.
Education/Continuity of Care
* Assist patient in recognizing symptoms of increasing anxiety; explore alternatives to use to prevent the anxiety from immobilizing her or him. The ability to recognize anxiety symptoms at lower-intensity levels enables the patient to intervene more quickly to manage his or her anxiety. Patient will be able to use problem-solving abilities more effectively when the level of anxiety is low.
* Remind patient that anxiety at a mild level can encourage growth and development and is important in mobilizing changes.
* Instruct patient in the proper use of medications and educate him or her to recognize adverse reactions. Medication may be used if patient's anxiety continues to escalate and the anxiety becomes disabling.
* Refer the patient for psychiatric management of anxiety that becomes disabling for an extended period.


Korg Kaossilator
Korg has announced/leaked the Kaossilator Dynamic Phrase Synthesizer, a new battery-powered pocket-sized instrument featuring Korg synth sounds alongside innovative performance features.
The Kaossilator comes packed with 100 sound programs that combine Korg's modelling synthesizer engine with effects from the KAOSS Pad series. Its horizontal axis is assigned to note/pitch, while the vertical axis is assigned to parameters such as: cut-off, feedback, or modulation depth, giving you a wide range of performance possibilities. In addition to classic synthesizer sounds, there are faithfully simulated piano, guitar and trumpet sounds as well as looped and one-shot drum sounds.
The Kaossilator offers a choice of 31 different scales.
Gate Arpeggiator enables you to produce specific patterns of notes in sync with user specified tempos. Then, to get your creative juices flowing, Loop Recording allows you to record a phrase with a specified number of beats to a maximum of two bars (or measures) and add layers to it. For example you can record a phrase using a synth-lead sound, and then overdub bass or drum sounds. You can build up layers of cool phrases by simply repeating this cycle of selecting, playing, and recording sounds.
Visit the German Korg site for more information.


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2s & 3s Teacher Book - NKJV - GiddyUp Junction VBS By RBP
These detailed teacher books give you all you need to teach a VBS class.
- Comprehensive preparation with step-by-step plans
- Dynamic, clear methods and teaching tips
- Decorating ideas
- Lesson applications
Each teacher book is designed to integrate the gospel message throughout all the lessons.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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A treasure trove is any valuable old collection that is concealed in cellar or attics, that is discovered by accident and its true owner is unknown. Here is a list of ten incredible treasure troves.
The National museum of Poland offers its visitors a chance to examine the treasure of Sroda Slaska. The highlighting feature of the treasure is a gold crown that was used by Blanche de Valois of 14th century. The treasure also includes 2 gold pendants of 12th century, a medieval gold clasp embedded with precious stones, 39 gold coins, 3 rings and 2924 silver coins.
Panagyuriste treasure was discovered by three brothers in 1949 while they were processing clay at Merul. The vessels belonged to the Odrysian ruler of 3rd and 4th century BC. It includes a phial, seven rhytons and an amphora all of which weighs to 6,614 kg of pure gold. The treasure has the scenes of Greek mythology engraved on them.
Presalv treasure was discovered after centuries at the vineyard in Castana. This incredible excavation revealed 170 objects that were made from metals like gold, silver and bronze. It also includes coins that belonged to 3rd and 7th centuries.
The most remarkable piece revealed in Tuntankhamun's tomb is the king's inner coffin that exhibits an incomparable quality workmanship. The coffin measuring 74 inches long and 20 inches wide is crafted from solid gold.
Pereshchepina treasure was discovered 90 years ago in a village of Ukraine. The shepherd boys accidentally took out the treasure while they were playing by a river. The treasure included eating vessels, jewelry and exclusively ornamented weapons that weighed 20 kg of gold and 50 kg of silver.
A mission of archeologists accompanied by Victor Sarianidhi of Afghanistan, discovered the treasure in a burial ground in 1979. This valuable collection includedexclusive jewelry crafted from metals like gold, lapis-lazuli and turquoise.
The invaluable treasure of Nagyszentmiklos represents a collection of twenty three gold vessels that belonged to the 10th century. The vessels were crafted from 22 carat gold. This treasure is assumbed to be used in the dining halls of the royal Bulgarian families.
The treasure was discovered in Pietrosele, Romania in 1837. It belonged to a Gothic king of 4th century. This valuable collection portrayed twenty two pieces of gold with overall weight of 27 kg. Some of the pieces carried the inscription the sacred inheritance of Goths.
A hoard of gold was revealed near Gourdon in 1845. The hoard dates back to the 6th century and included a Challice decorated with garnets and turquoises in the compartments. The Challice also carried a hundred gold coins that belonged to Byzantine emperors.
This treasure trove was recently discovered on a sunken ship of Indonesia. It included 14,000 pearls, 400 dark red sapphires, 4000 rubies and more than 2000 garnets. It is believed that the treasure belonged to the Egyptian period.


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The way we see things is influenced by our mood. Setting detail can be used in a story to show character and highlight themes concretely, to "show instead of tell." It's also a way to make setting do double duty, which, Janet Burroway says in her many fine texts on writing, it is always good to do. Setting should never be mere decoration.
- Write a description of the tree in the picture above from the point of view of a man whose only son died at the age of ten. Do not tell us that his son has died. Do not refer to the death or the son directly in any way. Show his mood and imply the death by the way he looks at, talks about, or describes the tree. We want to see, smell, hear, feel the tree and surroundings. Use words to describe the branches, bark, leaves, and posture of the tree that evoke his mood without telling us about it– or even mentioning the son. You can have him talking, or writing, or merely describe the tree in a dark way without the father's presence at all. I leave that to you.
- Now describe the same picture from the point of view of a woman who has just given birth to a child. Again–do not tell us that mention her pregnancy or body directly. Instead, show her mood by the way she looks at, and talks about the tree. Let us see, smell, hear, and feel the tree in concrete detail.
Often, in response to this prompt, students narrate the father and the mother's thoughts as they look at the tree, or they create memories of the child. This isn't a bad thing. After all, narrating people's thoughts is one of many ways to show character, but the point of this prompt is to use concrete detail to create an image and to closely observe and then to chose diction that evokes a mood.


Image source: Getty Images.
What happened
Shares of Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc (NASDAQ:AGIO) are down 13% as of 1:08 p.m. EST after the biotech presented data at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) meeting over the weekend.
So what
The biotech has two drugs in development -- AG-348 and AG-519 -- to treat pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, a rare inherited disease that results in the destruction of red blood cells. PK deficiency is caused by two general categories of genetic mutations: missense mutations that result in some functional protein and non-missense mutations that generally have little to no functional protein.
At ASH, Agios Pharmaceuticals presented data from a phase 2 clinical trial, named the DRIVE PK study, testing AG-348 in patients with PK deficiency, and a phase 1 trial testing AG-519 in healthy volunteers. It's the data from the former that investors seem to be unimpressed with, although the AG-519 data aren't completely clean either.
Of the 26 patients with missense mutations taking AG-348 in the DRIVE PK study, 58% saw their hemoglobin increase by at least 1.0 g/dL, a measure of functional red blood cells. While the drug appears to be helping some patients, the 58% response rate is lower than the 68% of missense mutation patients that responded according to earlier data from the first 19 patients that Agios Pharmaceuticals reported in the abstract for the ASH meeting. Even earlier, at the European Hematology Association meeting earlier this year, when there were only 13 patients with missense mutations that could be evaluated, 69% responded with increased hemoglobin levels.
It appears that not all missense mutations are responding to AG-348, potentially lowering the number of patients the drug might be able to treat. For example, all five patients with two copies of a missense mutation called R479H were non-responders.
Now what
Agios Pharmaceuticals has the aforementioned backup compound, AG-519, but the drug has been plagued with potential safety issues in its phase 1 trial. Earlier this year Agios Pharmaceuticals reported a case of thrombocytopenia -- low blood platelets -- and at ASH, the company reported one case of cholestatic hepatitis, a liver issue.
The company is still deciding whether to take AG-348 or AG-519 into further development. If AG-519 is the drug that's ultimately selected, a dose of 50 mg or lower would be used, substantially lower than the 375 mg where the thrombocytopenia was seen and the 300 mg where the cholestatic hepatitis was seen. Nevertheless, the side effects at the higher dose make AG-519 riskier than if it had a clean profile coming out of its phase 1 trial.


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Wow, the pre school children in Harlow have really enjoyed sharing there home made chatter boxes. Chatterboxes were originally developed for school-age children with communication difficulties. They are now widely used with pre-school children. They can provide hours of fun and develop children's knowledge, language and communication. The talk and exploration that goes on between children and adults, as they share the contents of the box, is vital for maintaining the children's engagement and learning.
If you would like more information please contact Kim or Louise on 01279 441277 or _EMAIL_


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عنوان مقاله [English]
Today, land use change is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century. Knowing the changes in land uses and how they change over time is one of the most important things in planning. By knowing the user developments, future changes can be predicted and appropriate actions can be taken. In this regard, this study first examines the trend of land use changes and then identifies the factors affecting these changes and developments in rural areas of Tavousieh, Barghan, Wardeh and Sangarabad in the city of Savojbolagh. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and has a descriptive-analytical nature. To collect information, use the method of observation, interview and design and completion of a questionnaire
Has been. The statistical population of the study includes 130 residents of the mentioned villages. Exploratory factor analysis in the form of SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of factor analysis identified four factors as factors affecting land use change in the mentioned villages, which are: construction growth and
The second mechanisms, organizational factors, lack of economy in the agricultural sector and the tendency of young people to non-agricultural occupations, which have explained a total of 85.545% of the variables of land use change. Also, with construction management in the department
Agriculture as a second home, accurate implementation of rural development policies with emphasis on maintaining agricultural land use, increasing the attraction and reducing the repulsion of rural life for young people and increasing the attractiveness of the agricultural sector for farmers and investors in this sector can be from the tendency of villagers to change land use Prevented agricultural lands.


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Tolerance for Disagreement Scale (TFD)
The tolerance for disagreement scale is designed to measure the degree to which an individual can tolerate other people disagreeing with what the individual believes to
be true. This conceptualization is similar to that of argumentativeness. People with high argumentativeness are likely to be able to deal with more disagreement than
those people who are low in argumentativeness. It is believed that conflict in interpersonal communication is in large part (in conjunction with the level of liking between
the people) a function of the tolerance of disagreement of the interactants. Alpha reliability estimates for the TFD scale can be expected to be in the neighborhood of.85.
Instructions: This questionnaire involves people's feelings and orientations. Hence, there are no right or wrong answers. We just want you to indicate your reaction to each item. All responses are to reflect the degree to which you believe the item applies to you. Please use the following system to indicate the degree to which you agree that the item describes you:
5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Undecided, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree
___ 1. It is more fun to be involved in a discussion where there is a lot of disagreement.
___ 2. I enjoy talking to people with points of view different than mine.
___ 3. I don't like to be in situations where people are in disagreement.
___ 4. I prefer being in groups where everyone's beliefs are the same as mine.
___ 5. Disagreements are generally helpful.
___ 6. I prefer to change the topic of discussion when disagreement occurs.
___ 7. I tend to create disagreements in conversations because it serves a useful purpose.
___ 8. I enjoy arguing with other people about things on which we disagree.
___ 9. I would prefer to work independently rather than to work with other people and have disagreements.
___10. I would prefer joining a group where no disagreements occur.
___11. I don't like to disagree with other people.
___12. Given a choice, I would leave a conversation rather than continue a disagreement.
___13. I avoid talking with people who I think will disagree with me.
___14. I enjoy disagreeing with others.
___15. Disagreement stimulates a conversation and causes me to communicate more.
Step 1. Add the scores for the following items: 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15.
Step 2. Add the scores for the following items: 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.
Step 3. Complete the following formula: TFD = 48 + total of Step 1 - total of Step 2.
Scores above 46 indicate High TFD. Scores below 32 indicate Low TFD. Scores between 32 and 46 indicate moderate TFD.
Teven, J. J., Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (1998). Measuring tolerance for disagreement. Communication Research Reports, 15, 209-217.
Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). Organizational communication for survival: Making work, work (2nd Ed.) Chapter 14. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.


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July 28, 2011 5:45 AM
What does a dead space alien really look like? When the Green Lantern movie crew, filming in New Orleans, needed to know if their special-effects creations were believable, they turned to Tulane biologist and longtime science fiction fan Bruce Fleury for advice.
"The movie's prop people first contacted me to find out what books a space-struck kid would have been reading in the '60s," says Fleury, a professor of practice of ecology and evolutionary biology. "When they walked into my office and saw my books about outer space and life on other planets, they said, 'We've found the person we were looking for.'"
After meeting with director Martin Campbell, Fleury was pulled deeper into the moviemaking process and was dubbed the crew's "xenobiologist," or expert on alien life-forms.
Fleury critiqued the model of the dead alien who transferred his powers to the film's lead character, Hal Jordan. "I had to view his body while it was still headless and handless, just coming out of the prop room. The question was, does this look alien enough? Yes — even without a head it looked pretty alien!" says Fleury.
Numerous Tulane people contributed props and expertise to the movie, says Fleury, including the alien autopsy and lab scenes.
"I worked with actor Peter Sarsgaard to develop his character, Hector Hammond, a mad scientist," says Fleury.
Villain Hammond started out mildly enough as a biology teacher at fictional Coast City College. The moviemakers decided to make some changes after meeting with Fleury, a real-life biology professor.
"They hooked me up with Peter, and I had a couple of sessions one-on-one with him," says Fleury. "He morphed into a microbiologist, and the lecture that he gave is word for word from a lecture that I give on "Evolution in Human Health and Disease," a course I teach.
"I gave him some of my best lines!"
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 _PHONE_ _EMAIL_


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It is vital that social work practice builds on a sound knowledge base which is informed by academic knowledge (both theories and research findings) and practice knowledge (gained from the insights of practitioners as well as those who use social work services).
Our publications demonstrate that we are concerned with the creation of knowledge at all levels: theory building, research findings, and policy and practice implications.
This section is divided into three main kinds of publication:
- Books (text books and research books)
- Reports (for government and voluntary agencies)


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Powell, OH – A third kiwi hatched on the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium on Jul. 17, 2011 marking the first time an institution in North America has successfully hatched three kiwi in one year. The Columbus Zoo's first hatching of the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) occurred less than four months ago on Mar. 23, 2011 and the second hatched on Jun. 25, 2011.
"The Columbus Zoo's animal care programs have many Centers of Excellence representing diverse species from around the world" said Columbus Zoo and Aquarium President and CEO Dale Schmidt. "Due to the hard work and dedication of our expert staff, we are proud to add kiwi to that list."
Only seven kiwis, including the three chicks at the Columbus Zoo, have hatched in the past five years in North America. The Columbus Zoo is only the third zoo in North America to successfully hatch a kiwi chick since the first one hatched at Smithsonian's National Zoo in 1975.
The newest chick, a female, is currently being cared for behind-the-scenes. The first two chicks are both males and have been given names reflecting their native New Zealand; "Ariki" (ah-ree-kee), meaning first-born or chief and "Toa" (to-ah) meaning warrior. The oldest of the chicks, Ariki, can be seen in the Zoo's Roadhouse nocturnal habitat for a few hours each day beginning at 11 a.m.
Including the chicks there are now six kiwis at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium and a total of 22 kiwis in three United States zoos.
Kiwis are flightless birds about the size of a domestic chicken and the egg, weighing as much as 20% of the female's body weight, is the largest egg in relation to body size of any bird. The female kiwi lays one egg at a time in the burrow occupied by the male kiwi. In the wild the male completes the average 86-day incubation process on his own.
At the Zoo eggs are checked to see if they are fertile 30-45 days after they are laid. To maximize the potential of a successful hatching a fertile egg is placed in an incubator where it is monitored for temperature and humidity and turned slightly each day. Once the chick pips the egg it takes about four days for it to completely emerge and it survives on its yolk sac for 6-12 days.
Kiwi chicks are miniature versions of the adult kiwi and are about 1/8 of the size of an adult when they hatch. They are precocial, meaning they are completely on their own after hatching, and must find food and avoid predators without assistance. Most birds locate their food through sight and have a relatively poor sense of smell. Being nocturnal, the kiwi's senses are just the opposite and they use their long beak to forage through leaf litter sniffing out earthworms and other invertebrates, fruits and berries.
Kiwis have a high mortality rate in the wild mostly due to predation by invasive species; 50% of kiwi eggs fail to hatch, 90% of chicks do not survive to six months of age and only 5% reach adulthood. Kiwi males are sexually mature at two years of age and females are reproductive at about three years old.
The five distinct species of kiwi are only found in New Zealand and zoos outside of New Zealand only manage the North Island brown kiwi. The kiwi is the unofficial mascot of New Zealand and despite having legal protection since 1896 their numbers are declining mostly due to predation by non-native species including dogs and cats.
The Columbus Zoo's conservation program has supported projects to protect the kiwi including supplying funds to construct predator proof fencing around reserves and fitting kiwis with transmitters to enable regular monitoring.
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium is open 363 days a year 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day and 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. after Labor Day. General admission is $14.00 for adults, $9.00 for children ages 2 to 9 and $10.00 for seniors 60+. Children under 2 and Columbus Zoo members are free. The Zoo was named the #1 Zoo in America by USA Travel Guide and is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium has earned Charity Navigator's prestigious 4-star rating. For more information and to purchase advance Zoo admission tickets, visit _URL_.


ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
occurs only in Job 31:40 (marginal note: "noisome weeds"), where it is the rendering of a Hebrew word (b'oshah) which means "offensive," "having a bad smell," referring to some weed perhaps which has an unpleasant odour
Or it may be regarded as simply any noxious weed, such as the "tares" or darnel (Lolium temulentum—a weed grass) of Matt. 13:30.
In Isa. 5:2, 4 the plural form is rendered "wild grapes."


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Parents in the Beaver State have higher labor force participation rates than the average across the nation. Nationally, 80.6 percent of parents with children under 18 were in the labor force in 2011, compared with 82.6 percent in Oregon. Men's participation doesn't differ much from the national norm; 92.9 percent of Oregon dads are in the labor force, just slightly below the national labor force participation rate of 93.5 percent. The participation rate of Oregon women with children under 18, however, is 3 percentage points above the national level (73.5% vs. the nation's 70.6%).
Labor force participation of parents differs by gender and the age of children. For parents of children under six years of age, there's a big difference in the labor force experiences of men versus women. Of the men in this group, 93.4 percent are in the labor force, compared with 68.5 percent of Oregon mothers of children under age six. That female participation rate of 68.5 percent in Oregon is nearly 5 percentage points above the national participation rate of 63.9 percent for mothers of children under age six.
The gender gap in labor force participation is reduced somewhat for parents of children ages six to 17. For men with children ages six to 17, the participation rate was 92.5 percent in 2011, and 77.6 percent of Oregon women with children in that age range were in the labor force.
For people without children under 18, the genders behave far more similarly in their likelihood of labor force participation. Men in this group had a participation rate of 62.4 percent, just over 5 percentage points higher than the women's participation rate of 57.1 percent.
Married parents show a wider variation in labor force participation between genders (Graph 2). Married mothers are less likely to work, and married fathers are more likely to work. Parents with any other marital status have more similar labor force participation between genders.
Women with children under age six are the most likely to work part-time, with 39 percent of employed females in this group reporting part-time status (Graph 3). Men with children under age six were far less likely to work part time, with only 6 percent reporting such schedules. More than one-third of employed women and 8 percent of employed men with children ages six to 17 work part time.
Once again, for people without children under the age of 18, the employment experiences of the genders are more similar. In this group, 22 percent of men and 31 of women work part time.


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: Cold Gaian worlds with periodic, or persistent, ice ages More Information Here
- Campian Subtype: Dry Gaian worlds with 25% to 50% ocean cover More Information Here
- Paludial Subtype: Humid Gaian worlds with 25% to 50% ocean cover More Information Here
- Lacustric Subtype:Humid Gaian worlds with low topography and 50-80% ocean coverage; some of these worlds have extensive rainforest-type biomes More Information Here.
- Chlorogaian (Halogenic) type: Gaian worlds with high levels of atmospheric chlorine. More: Chlorine Worlds.
- To'ul'hese Worlds: These worlds are essentially Gaian versions of the Cytherean worlds. Thick and dense atmospheres, as well as a large amount of water, create high surface pressures and high temperatures. Life arises and adapts to these conditions, and can become quite diverse indeed. In one known instance, it has lead to an independent form of sapient life. More: To'ul'hian Worlds.
- Pelagic Subtype Gaian worlds where oceans cover the surface anywhere from 85 to 100%. More Information here
- EuPelagic Subtype Gaian worlds where shallow oceans cover the surface anywhere from 85 to 100%. More information here
- BathyPelagic Subtype: Gaian worlds where deep oceans cover the surface anywhere from 85 to 100%. More information here.
- PelaGelidic Subtype, ice covered ocean worlds More information here.
- TundralPelagic subtype, partially ice covered ocean worlds More information here.
- Xeric subtype Dry worlds with less than 25% ocean cover More information here.
- HyperXeric subtype Very dry worlds with less than 10% ocean cover More information here.
- PostGaian subtype: Old Gaian Worlds that are losing their biosphere and hydrosphere More information here.
SUPER-TERRESTRIAL CLASS: worlds that are moderately massive, intermediate in mass between Terrestrial worlds and Gas Giants More details here.
This class of worlds is both numerous and varied; most types of terrestrial worlds also exist as superterrestial types, but with higher gravity and greater mass which can profoundly affect the conditions on the surface.
Among the most common types of superterrestrial are SuperHermian, SuperCytherian and SuperGaian types, as well as the more unusual types listed below.
- Pyrothalassic Type: Hot superterrestrials More information here
- Pyrohydrothallasic Type - Hot waterworlds More information here
- Panthalassic Type: Giant Waterworlds More information here
- Nebulous Type: Superterrestrials with thick, helium-rich atmospheres. Helium worlds of this kind often have superrotating atmospheres; those which are tidally locked often have wildly assymetric weather patterns.
- Gas Dwarfs. Example Kepler 11b
- Other types of superterrestrial planets include certain hyperbarian and chthonian worlds, some of which have very sparse atmospheres indeed.
Image from John M Dollan
Gas Giants (also known collectively as Jovian worlds) form beyond the snow line, and have very large fluid envelopes compared to their cores. Some rare, and very ancient gas giants formed around the first generation of very low metallicity stars and have almost no rocky or metallic component. Gas giants are classified in two waysby temperature, which affects the composition of the cloud layers of the giant in a number of significant ways, and by mass. Examples of each of the temperature classes can be found in any of the size classes, and vice versa, although some size classes are more common at certain temperatures and vice versa.
A typical gas giant may be classified using both size and temperature types to create a subtype, so the full classification might be Meso-EuJovian Subtype(This is the full classification for Jupiter) or Super-HyperthermalJovian Subtype (the full classification for Behemoth, Hat-P-1B).
Gas Giant Size Classes
Neptunian Class: 0.03 to 0.2 Jupiter masses
- MicroJovian Type Small gas giants, with minimal solid core. More information Here.
- SubJovian Type Medium sized gas giants, 0.08 to 0.2 Jupiter Masses. Many worlds of this type are outer system cryojovian worlds like Neptune and Uranus. More information here.
- Hot Neptunes - a numerous class of world, which may be MicroJovian or Subjovian in mass, and EpiStellar or Hyperthermal in temperature More information here.
Jovian Class: 0.2 to 13.0 Jupiter masses
- Mesojovian Type Major Type of Jovian Class of planet. Masses from 0.21 to 8.0 that of Jupiter More information here
- SuperJovian Type Jovian worlds with masses from 8.1 to 13.0 that of Jupiter, the theoretical upper limit of planets. Objects more massive than this are classed as Brown Dwarfs. More information here.
Gas Giant Temperature Types
- HyperthermalJovian Type: Very hot gas giants, with temperatures above 1400 Kelvin. Includes so=called 'Puffy worlds' and 'Comet worlds'. More Information here.
- EpiStellar Jovian Type: Hot, dark gas giants with temperatures between 900 Kelvin and 1400 Kelvin. More information here
- AzuriJovian Type Warm clarified blue gas giants with temperatures between 350K and 800K. More information here.
- HydroJovian Type: Temperate gas giants with clouds predominantly consisting of water vapour. More information here.
- EuJovian Type: Cool gas giants, with clouds predominantly consisting of ammonia. More information here.
- CryoJovian Type: Cold gas giants in the outer reaches of a planetary system, generally too cold for clouds to form at all. More information here.
Other World Classes
- HyperBarian Class: Very dense planets with cores up to 100 x Earth's mass. More information here.
- Chthonian Class: Gas giant worlds, formerly HyperthermalJovians, which have lost their volatiles through evaporation. More information here.
- Stevensonian Class Planetary mass objects which are found in interstellar space. More information here.
ARTIFICIAL CLASS The artificial worlds found within the Terragen Sphere have almost all been constructed by humans and their mind-children; some, such as the Black Acropolis, are much older. Artificial worlds fall into two broad categoriesthose that rotate to produce artificial gravity, and those that do not.
- Rotating Space Habitats Habitats constructed using conventional materials - includes Paired Habitats, Stanford Tori, O'Neill Cylinders, Bernal Spheres, Bishop Rings. More information Here.
- Banks Orbitals and Ringworlds - Rotating habitats made from exotic materials (see Banks Orbitals).
- Non Rotating Space Habitats - often used by space adapted clades; can be very large, but they are limited by their densityif they are too dense they will undergo self-gravitational collapse. More information here.
- Ederworlds More information here.
- Supermundane Worlds -worlds dynamically suspended above planets and stars. More information here
- Freespheres - microgravity balloons containing atmosphere -can be very large indeed. More information here.
- Dyson Swarms and Spheres Many variants of this type of construct are described here.


text:
The HTTP Series (Part 3): Client Identification
The HTTP Series (Part 3): Client Identification
In this article, we take a look at the different ways browsers can identify patterns in client behavior, and we go into the code be Cookies.
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Up until now, you learned about the basic concepts and some of the architectural aspects of HTTP. This leads us to the next important subject to the HTTP: client identification.
In this article, you'll learn why client identification is important and how can Web servers identify you (your Web client). You will also get to see how that information is used and stored.
This is what we have learned so far, and where we are now:
- The HTTP series (Part 1): Overview of the basic concepts
- The HTTP series (Part 2): Architectural aspects
- The HTTP series (Part 3): Client Identification
- The HTTP series (Part 4): Authentication mechanisms
- The HTTP series (Part 5): Security
- The HTTP Reference
First, let's see why websites need to identify you.
Client Identification and Why It's Extremely Important
As you are most definitely aware, every website, or at least those that care enough about you and your actions, include some form of content personalization.
What do I mean by that?
Well, that includes suggested items if you visit an e-commerce website, or "the people you might know/want to connect with" on social networks, recommended videos, ads that almost spookily know what you need, news articles that are relevant to you, and so on.
This effect feels like a double edged sword. On the one hand, it's pretty nifty having personalized, custom content delivered to you. On the other hand, it can lead to Confirmation bias that can result in all kinds stereotypes and prejudice. There is an excellent Dilbert comic that touches upon Confirmation bias.
Yet, how can we live without knowing how our favorite team scored last night, or what celebrities did last night?
Either way, content personalization has become part of our daily lives we can't, and we probably don't even want to, do anything about it.
Let's see how web servers can identify you to achieve this effect.
Different Ways to Identify the Client
There are several ways that a web server can identify you:
- HTTP request headers
- IP address
- Long URLs
- Login information (authentication)
HTTP Request Headers Used for Identification
Web servers have a few ways to extract information about you directly from the HTTP request headers.
Those headers are:
- From – contains user's email address if provided.
- User-Agent – contains information about the web client.
- Referer – contains the source the user came from.
- Authorization – contains username and password.
- Client-ip – contains user's IP address.
- X-Forwarded-For – contains user's IP address (when going through the proxy server).
- Cookie – contains server-generated ID label.
In theory, the From header would be ideal to uniquely identify the user, but in practice, this header is rarely used due to the security concerns of email collection.
The user-agent header contains the information like the browser version or operating system. While this is important for customizing content, it doesn't identify the user in a more relevant way.
The Referer header tells the server where the user is coming from. This information is used to improve the understanding of user behavior, but less so to identify it.
While these headers provide some useful information about the client, it is not enough to personalize content in a meaningful way.
The remaining headers offer more precise mechanisms of identification.
The method of client identification by IP address has been used more in the past when IP addresses weren't so easily faked/swapped. Although it can be used as an additional security check, it just isn't reliable enough to be used on its own.
Here are some of the reasons why:
- It describes the machine, not the user.
- NAT firewalls – many ISPs (Internet service providers) use NAT firewalls to enhance security and deal with IP address shortage
- Dynamic IP addresses – users often get the dynamic IP address from the ISP
- HTTP proxies and gateways – these can hide the original IP address. Some proxies use Client-ip or X-Forwarded-For to preserve the original IP address
Long (fat) URLs
It is not that uncommon to see websites utilize URLs to improve the user experience. They add more information as the user browses the website until URLs look complicated and illegible.
You can see what the long URL looks like by browsing Amazon store.
There are several problems when using this approach.
- It's ugly.
- Not shareable.
- Breaks caching.
- It's limited to that session.
- Increases the load on the server.
The best client identification method up to date excluding authentication. Developed by Netscape, but now every browser supports them.
There are two types of cookies: session cookies and persistent cookies. A session cookie is deleted upon leaving the browser, and persistent cookies are saved on disk and can last longer. For the session cookie to be treated as the persistent cookie, Max-Age or Expiry property needs to be set.
Modern browsers like Chrome and Firefox can keep background processes working when you shut them down so you can resume where you left off. This can result in the preservation of the session cookies, so be careful.
So how do the cookies work?
Cookies contain a list of name=value pairs that the server sets using Set-Cookie or Set-Cookie2 response header. Usually, the information stored in a cookie is some kind of client id, but some websites store other information as well.
The browser stores this information in its cookie database and returns it when the user visits the page/website again. The browser can handle thousands of different cookies and it knows when to serve each one.
Here is an example flow.
1. User Agent -> Server
POST /acme/login HTTP/1.1 [form data]
The user agent identifies itself via the form input.
2. Server -> User Agent
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Set-Cookie2: Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"
The server sends the Set-Cookie2 response header to instruct the user agent (browser) to set the information about the user in a cookie.
3. User Agent -> Server
POST /acme/pickitem HTTP/1.1 Cookie: $Version="1"; Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Path="/acme" [form data]
The user selects the item to put the shop basket.
4. Server -> User Agent
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Set-Cookie2: Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"
Shopping basket contains an item.
5. User Agent -> Server
POST /acme/shipping HTTP/1.1 Cookie: $Version="1"; Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Path="/acme"; Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; [form data]
The user selects the shipping method.
6. Server -> User Agent
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Set-Cookie2: Shipping="FedEx"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"
New cookie reflects the shipping method.
7. User Agent -> Server
POST /acme/process HTTP/1.1 Cookie: $Version="1"; Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Path="/acme"; Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; $Path="/acme"; Shipping="FedEx"; $Path="/acme" [form data]
There is one more thing I want you to be aware of. Cookies are not perfect either. Besides security concerns, there is also a problem with cookies colliding with the REST architectural style (the section about misusing cookies).
You can learn more about cookies in the RFC 2965.
This wraps it up for this part of the HTTP series.
You have learned about the strengths of content personalization as well as its potential pitfalls. You are also aware of the different ways that servers can use to identify you. In part 4 of the series, we will talk about the most important type of client identification: authentication.
Thank you for reading and feel free to leave the comment below.
- The HTTP reference: _URL_
- The HTTP series part 1: _URL_
- The HTTP series part 2: _URL_
- HTTP: The Definitive Guide: _URL_
- Confirmation bias explained: _URL_
- REST anti-patterns: _URL_
- Cookies RFC: _URL_
Published at DZone with permission of Vladimir Pecanac. See the original article here.
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.


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Recently as some of us were getting ready to take a walk through the snow, somebody said to me "you're wearing sensible shoes". Now my shoes haven't developed cognitive abilities so far as I know (and I spend enough time with them that I think I would notice), but everyone there knew what this means. It's a common phrase in my experience, but it got me wondering. The adjective sensible here, while syntactically bound to the noun shoes, really applies to another noun in the sentence instead. Is there a term for this sort of modifier migration, or is this sentence technically ungrammatical?
I checked for alternate or obscure meanings of sensible but found none, and a Google search on the phrase turned up uses but no explanations. I also don't think this construct is limited to this particular phrase, but I don't have any more clever ideas.
share|improve this question
What do you mean when you say "The adjective sensible here, while syntactically bound to the noun shoes, really applies to another noun in the sentence instead"? What is the other noun? – Irene Feb 12 '12 at 20:34
_USER_, the other noun is "you" -- the speaker is saying that I was sensible for choosing those shoes, not that my shoes of their own volition made some sensible decision. – Monica Cellio Feb 12 '12 at 20:40
No, I don't think that applies. I agree with _USER_ Loy's answer. I saw his link, it gives a sound explanation of a further meaning of the word sensible (which, curiously enough, isn't included in other dictionaries I've checked). – Irene Feb 12 '12 at 20:42
A parallel that occurs to me is this sentence. "Bacon is not a very sensible thing to have for breakfast if your cholesterol is high". My bacon is about as cognitive as your shoes. – user16269 Feb 13 '12 at 10:14
Clearly the reason we describe your shoes as sensible is that they're able to be sensed. – Nathan Long Feb 13 '12 at 14:35
5 Answers 5
up vote 51 down vote accepted
An adjective modifying the "wrong" word in a sentence is known as a transferred epithet. This can be used for poetic or humourous effect, or, as in this case, the epithet may have become so strongly associated with the noun that it has no particular literary effect on the listener.
A simple example is "I spent a sleepless night" (it is I who was sleepless, not the night). My English teacher was rather fond of "a schoolboy once again in shivering shorts" from John Betjeman's Original Sin on the Sussex Coast. Of course, the schoolboy is shivering, not his shorts.
Wikipedia has a brief entry on the more general hypallage. I have rarely heard this term used in reference to English grammar or literature.
As noted by other answerers sensible shoes in particular has jumped the chasm from literary device to creating an alternative accepted meaning of sensible. Another example of such a jump is curious, as in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time.
share|improve this answer
Thank you! I see from the other answers here that I chose a poor example, but it is the construct, not "sensible" in particular, that I was asking about. "Sleepless night" is a great example of this. – Monica Cellio Feb 13 '12 at 1:06
+1 Hypallage sounds common to me as a term used in classics. – Cerberus Feb 13 '12 at 2:32
+1 Everyone knows why but not everyone can explain it so well. – Kris Feb 13 '12 at 14:10
The kind of answers that EL&U must have been conceived for!+1. Refreshing to see something other than the (now) jarring "What is the word/term/phrase for..... – Vaibhav Garg Feb 15 '12 at 4:21
The OALD lists sensible to mean useful rather than fashionable when referring to things like clothes. The CALD also lists sensible to mean practical rather than being attractive.
share|improve this answer
Thanks; I hadn't seen that definition formalized anywhere before. – Monica Cellio Feb 12 '12 at 20:57
My local dictionary offers a similar definition: "sensible - (of an object) practical and functional rather than decorative." – MrHen Feb 12 '12 at 22:00
+1 An entirely plausible alternative. And undeniably right. – Kris Feb 13 '12 at 14:11
Of course sensible has a meaning "Characterized more by usefulness or practicality than by fashionableness, especially of clothing". Etymonline says, regarding sensible:
But note that terms like "sensible walking shoes" were in use already in the 1820's:
...oot wi' such daft-like things in such weather; they're liker dancin' schule pumps than sensible walkin' shoes. (The Inheritance, Susan Ferrier, 1825)
There's a very slight possibility that the term sensible shoes may have some relation to horseshoeing. Beginning in the early 1800's, sensible frequently appears in agricultural publications about horseshoes:
...with common shoes there is no pressure tracts,... The artificial frog, which is intended to the sensible frog, without any respite, must receive cover... (The Complete Farmer, 1807) has some defects in common with other shoes. It is attached with nails, and these nails may pinch the sensible parts within... (Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, 1831)
share|improve this answer
Surely sensible in your last quotation means sensitive. The word has many meanings, but most aren't relevant here. – TimLymington Feb 12 '12 at 21:26
I don't think it's an unusual construction at all: would you think a clever idea had out-thought the originator, or a stupid joke likely to be teased by the other figures of speech? Quite a few adjectives can be applied either to the originator or the result: whether it's "the same meaning" may depend on your definitions.
share|improve this answer
"Clever idea" was an intentional choice in my question. :-) Does this kind of construction have a name? – Monica Cellio Feb 12 '12 at 20:55
Oops, didn't see that :( It might be a transferred meaning, but I don't see how you determine which was the original. – TimLymington Feb 12 '12 at 21:23
It's not the shoes that are sensible.
Rather, "You have made a sensible choice in electing to wear this particular pair of shoes on this given occasion."
Your interlocutor simply cuts to the chase and states:
"You're wearing sensible shoes."
But the above meaning is implied. Humans are like that. They rely on a high degree of context to communicate meaning.
share|improve this answer
Right, that's my point -- "sensible" applies to me, not to the shoes, but semantically the shortened sentence is problematic. I'm wondering if there is a language construct/rule that covers this, or if it's a case of "we all know what it means so it's ok". – Monica Cellio Feb 12 '12 at 20:55
"We all know what it means" is the basis of all communication. Meaning, we can't productively abstract this or any other utterance from its context. So, I think it a futile endeavor to attempt to reconstruct or interpret meaning independent of context. That, in my opinion, is simple a red herring. – Jack Robbin Feb 12 '12 at 21:02
_USER_: Based on my own dictionary and answers other than this one, the shoes are sensible. They are sensible shoes. Sensible just has an additional meaning when applied to objects. – MrHen Feb 12 '12 at 22:02
I don't doubt that sensible could have an additional meaning that applies to objects. However, I think it sensible to assume that in the first instance this meaning is applied to people and then extended to objects that relate to people. That is to say, the object is as sensible as it is in relation to a valuation made by people. – Jack Robbin Feb 13 '12 at 6:01
In other words, high-heels at the beach would not be sensible, but flip-flops would. – Jack Robbin Feb 13 '12 at 6:10
protected by RegDwigнt Feb 13 '12 at 13:06
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text:
The list of matched tunes has a column of input boxes on the left (marked'sel' at the top). If you enter numbers in these and then use the format-selection buttons at the top and bottom (ABC, TXT,...), you will get back all of the selected tunes. The numbers you enter determine the order of the tunes in the output.
One limitation: To my knowledge, with the GIF and PNG formats, there is no way to see more than one printable "page" of output. So if the tunes produce more than one page (in the PS or PDF output), GIF and PNG will only show the first page. If anyone knows a solution to this, let me know.
You can actually enter just about any text in the sel input boxes. Non-numeric strings will simply be sorted alphabetically, after any numbers. But numbers are probably more useful.
To Do: The output tunes should be renumbered to match the numbers that you typed.


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Indonesia Sea Ports
What is the meaning of Sea port code?
Every Sea port has a unique sea port code in its country and provide trade services. Through sea ports there can be two types of trade services that are processed, first is the export of goods and other is export services, If any of the above is conducted and some bill number is generated which is of 13 numbers, first 6 digits are sea port codes and remaining 7 digits are of bill number of that transaction.
What is the importance and functions of sea ports?
The main functions of seaports are:
1: To ensure safety for seagoing vessels coming in.
2: Operation in entering and leaving the seaport.
3: To manage facilities and equipment necessary for seagoing vessels to anchor.
4: Proper management of loading and unloading of cargo.
5: helpful in embark and disembark of passengers.
What are the benefits of Sea ports?
Sea Ports are also one of the factor to rise the economy and benefits to the economy of country as they are responsible for economic activity in coastal areas. The increase in throughput of goods and passengers on yearly basis induces more provisions, jobs and advanced infrastructure required to cope with trade industry and helpful in bringing profits to economy and helpful in trade relations with other countries and are boon to economy and trade.
UN LOCODE or Sea Port Codes are the United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations are the codes created by UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). These codes are assigned for trade and transport to the seaports, airports and Railways. UNLOCODE consists of 5 characters and first 2 characters are for country code. Seaports are the major facility for trade through ships which load and discharge of passengers and cargo.
Indonesia Sea Port Details - IDIBL
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Indonesia (ID)
Region Name
State or Province or Territory of Sea Port
Region Code
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Sea Port Name
Name of Sea Port
Sea Port Code (LOCODE)
5 digit Code (LOCODE) for Sea Port
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(Recognised location - location name confirmed by nominated gazetteer)
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4: More than 50 Currencies supported.
5: Wide network of more than 100 Countries.
6: 10 million happy customers around the globe.
2: Business parties transfer funds to each other.
5: Online salaries are transferred to employees by companies.
6: Freelancers work money are transferred.
8: Transfer your funds to family business accounts.
9: Online charities to NGO's.
10: Investors to invest money in foreign currencies.


text:
OnionSIP: Preserving Privacy in SIP with Onion Routing
Alexandros Fakis (University of the Aegean, Greece)
Georgios Karopoulos (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece)
Georgios Kambourakis (Engineering, University of the Aegean, Greece)
Abstract: While more and more users turn to IP-based communication technologies, privacy and anonymity remain largely open issues. One of the most prominent VoIP protocols for multimedia session management is SIP which, despite its popularity, suffers from security and privacy aws. As SIP messages are sent in plain text, user data are exposed to intermediate proxies and eavesdroppers. As a result, information about users participating in a call can leak from header data, which cannot be omitted since they are needed for the correct routing of SIP messages to their final destination. Even more, traffic analysis attacks can be mounted with data stemming from lower layers. To redress this kind of problems, privacy can be achieved either by the construction of a lower level tunnel (via the use of SSL or IPsec protocols) or by employing a customtailored solution. However, SSL and IPsec are known for leading to undesirable, non affordable delays, and thus the need for a SIP-oriented solution is preferable. In the context of this article, we evaluate three alternative solutions to encounter the above issues. More specifically, we use two well-known anonymity networks, Tor and I2P, for secluding both caller's and callee's actions by securing SIP messages content. As a third solution, we present our proposal for preserving privacy in SIP signaling, by using an onion-routing approach, where selected sensitive fields of SIP messages are encrypted using either asymmetric or symmetric encryption. We compare these three alternatives in terms of performance, mentioning the pros and cons that come up with each proposal. Our work also presents the reasons why other existing anonymity networks fail to be considered as appropriate for preserving anonymity in SIP.
Keywords: I2P, Tor, anonymity, privacy, session initiation protocol
Categories: H.4.3, H.5.1


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Sales Price Quality Ratio Control Marketing Concept. Maximum Sal
Pricing Your Offers – How to Communicate the Unique Value of Your Product
How do you set the right price for your product or service? If you're thinking in terms of the product's materials and manufacturing costs, you're going about it all wrong. The right way is to match the price to its value, and then focus your marketing on showing your customers this unique value.
Defining the Value of Your Offer
Do you understand the value of your product or service? The value is how it makes things faster, saves people money or time, prevents hassles, or solves problems. It's not only how your product does this, but how it does this differ from other products on the market.
To define what about your product sets it apart and helps people solve their problems, you should create a UVP – Unique Value Proposition. This is a simple sentence that makes a promise to the potential customer, telling them exactly how using the product is going to improve their lives.
With this statement in hand, you're ready to start demonstrating your product's unique value. Here are some guidelines for doing this.
Focus on Benefits, Not Features
Our natural inclination is to discuss the product in terms of its features. After all, the features are what you've been developing, what you're most proud of, and what sets it apart. But instead, focus on how these features translate into benefits for the user.
For example, your software program puts all of a user's social media feeds into a single news feed. This is a great feature. But go one step further and add that it saves the user time checking each individual feed and helps them more clearly see trends so they can make the right marketing decisions.
Know the Competition
It's essential that you know the competition and their products well. Your customers may have experience using a competitor's product, so you need to explain how yours is different.
During product development, make sure your product offers something unique. If not, it still needs work. If your pricing undercuts the competition, this will likely help you sell more, but your selling point shouldn't be price. If it is, any competitor with the resources to offer a lower-priced product will beat yours. Make sure there's something unique about the product itself.
Ask Your Customers
Your product's value isn't up to you. It's up to your customers, so you need to rely on their feedback to figure out what it is.
What have people told you they love about your product or buying from you? Why do customers switch from a competitor to you? Why do people keep buying repeatedly from you? Why do they become brand advocates? Open up a dialog with your customers so you can get this feedback from them to reveal your product's unique value.
No More Sales
Once you know how to explain your product's unique value, the sales process becomes much smoother. You hardly have to sell at all. You just need to have a conversation with the prospect where you show them what your offering does for them and decide together whether it matches their needs.
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Lieberman says. "Because of the bizarre things that occurred, I wouldn't say that (demonic possession) is impossible or categorically rule it out... although I have very limited empirical evidence to verify its existence."
The tragic case of the real 'Emily Rose'
If you want to know why so many scientists and doctors like Lieberman are cautious about legitimizing demonic possession, consider one name: Anneliese Michel.
Michel was a victim in one of the most notorious cases of contemporary exorcism. If you have the stomach for it, go online and listen to audiotapes and watch videos of her exorcisms. The images and sounds will burn themselves into your brain. It sounds like somebody dropped a microphone into hell.
Michel was a German Catholic woman who died of starvation in 1976 after 67 exorcisms over a period of nine months. She was diagnosed with epilepsy but believed she was possessed. So did her devout Roman Catholic parents. She reportedly displayed some of the classic signs of possession: abnormal strength, aversion to sacred objects, speaking different languages.
Learn about Anneliese Michel
But authorities later determined that it was Michel's parents and two priests who were responsible for her death. German authorities put them on trial for murder, and they were found guilty of negligent homicide. The 2005 film "The Exorcism of Emily Rose" was based on Michel's ordeal and the subsequent trial.
One of the leading skeptics of exorcism -- and one of Gallagher's chief critics -- is Steven Novella, a neurologist and professor at Yale School of Medicine.
He wrote a lengthy blog post dissecting Gallagher's experience with Julia, the satanic priestess. It could be read as a takedown of exorcisms everywhere.
He says Julia probably performed a "cold reading" on Gallagher. It's an old trick of fortune tellers and mediums in which they use vague, probing statements to make canny guesses about someone. (Fortune teller: "I see a recent tragedy in your family." Client: "You mean my sister who got hurt in a car accident? How did you know?")
Or take the case of a person speaking an unfamiliar language like Latin during a possession.
"A patient might memorize Latin phrases to throw out during one of their possessions," Novella wrote. "Were they having a conversation in Latin? Did they understand Latin spoken to them? Or did they just speak Latin?"
Learn why Novella thinks exorcisms are fake
Novella says it's noteworthy that no one has filmed any paranormal event such as levitation or sacred objects flying across the room during an exorcism. He's seen exorcism tapes posted online and in documentaries and says they're not scary.
"They're boring," he says. "Nothing exciting happens. The most you get is some really bad play-acting by the person who is being exorcised."
In an interview, Novella went further and criticized any therapist who believes his patient's delusions.
"The worst thing you can do to a patient who is delusional is to confirm their delusions," says Novella, who founded the New England Skeptical Society.
"The primary goal of therapy is to reorient them to reality. Telling a patient who is struggling that maybe they're possessed by a demon is the worst thing you can do. It's only distracting them from addressing what the real problem is."
The 2005 horror film "The Exorcism of Emily Rose" was loosely based on the death of Anneliese Michel.
Driscoll, the Catholic priest who wrote a book about possession, is not a skeptic like Novella. Still, he says, it's not unusual for people on drugs or during psychotic episodes to display abnormal strength.
"I have seen it take four grown guys to hold one small woman down," says Driscoll, a chaplain at St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Ottawa, Illinois. "When a person has no fear and is not in their right mind and they don't care about hurting themselves or hurting others, you can see heartbreaking things."
That doesn't mean he thinks possession isn't real. He says the New Testament is full of accounts of Jesus confronting demons.
"Do I still believe it happens? Yes, I do," he says. "It happened then. I don't know why it would be totally eradicated now."
Gallagher agrees and has answers for skeptics like Novella.
He says demons won't submit to lab studies or allow themselves to be easily recorded by video equipment. They want to sow doubt, not confirm their existence, he says. Nor will the church compromise the privacy of a person suffering from possession just to provide film to skeptics.
Gallagher says he sees his work with the possessed as an extension of his responsibilities as a doctor.
In a passage from a book he is working on about demonic possession in America, he says that it is the duty of a physician to help people in great distress "without concern whether they have debatable or controversial conditions."
Gallagher isn't the first psychiatrist to feel such duty. Dr. M. Scott Peck, the late author of "The Road Less Traveled," conducted two exorcisms himself -- something Gallagher considers unwise and dangerous for any psychiatrist.
"I didn't go volunteering for this," he says. "I went into this because different people over the last few decades realized that I was open to this sort of thing. The referrals are almost invariably from priests. It's not like someone is walking into my office and I say, 'You must be possessed.' "
What happened to Satan's queen
He may not have asked to join the "hidden" world of exorcism, but he is an integral part of that community today. He's been featured in stories and documentaries about exorcism and is on the governing board of the Rome-based International Association of Exorcists.
"It's deepened my faith," he says of the exorcisms he's witnessed. "It didn't radically change it, but it validated my faith."
He says he's received thanks from many people he's helped over the years. Some wept, grateful to him for not dismissing them as delusional. As for letting a journalist talk to any of these people, Gallagher says he zealously guards their privacy.
Belief in possession exists in many religious traditions. Here, a man enters a state of possession during an African voodoo ceremony.
Julia, though, gave him permission to tell her story. But it didn't have a happy ending.
He and a team of exorcists continued to see her, but eventually, she called a halt to the sessions. She was too ambivalent. She relished some of the abilities she displayed during her trances. She was "playing both sides."
"Exorcism is not some kind of magical incantation," Gallagher says. "Normally, a person has to make their own sincere spiritual efforts, too."
About a year after she dropped out, Gallagher says, he heard Julia's voice on the phone again. This time, she had called to tell him she was dying of cancer.
Gallagher says he offered to try to help her with a team of priests while she was still physically able, but her response was terse:
"Well, I'll give it some thought."
He says he never heard from her again.
Inevitably, there will be others. His phone will ring. A priest will tell him a story. A team of clergy and nuns will be summoned. And the man of science will enter the hidden world of exorcism again.
The critics, the souls that aren't saved, the creepy encounters -- they don't seem to deter him.
"Truly informed exorcists don't tend to get discouraged," he says, "because they know it is our Lord who delivers the person, not themselves."
Is Gallagher doing God's work, or does he need deliverance from his own delusions?
Perhaps only God -- and Satan -- knows for sure.


text:
I can explain the role of a narrator and how he or she differs from the author.
8,000 schools use Gynzy
92,000 teachers use Gynzy
1,600,000 students use Gynzy
In this lesson, students learn how to determine who the narrator is in a story. They will be able to identify when the narrator is also a character in the story and when he is not. They will also discuss the role of the author. Students will use this knowledge to be able to write their own narrative pieces in which they establish their narrator and characters.
Students will be able to identify the narrator, author, and characters, and determine if the narrator is also a character in a story.
As a class, read a short excerpt from "A Dog's Tale" and ask students if they can tell who is telling the story. How do they know? Have them underline the clues in the text that show that the narrator is a dog.
Explain the role of the narrator, the author, and the characters. The author writes the story, the narrator tells the story, and the characters act it out. Next, students will read the passages and identify who the narrator is. After this, tell students that the narrator is sometimes also a character in the story, participating in the action and interacting with the other characters. Use the spinner to land on an action, then have students orally share a quick story in which the narrator does that activity with another character. Then read an excerpt from "The Box-Car Children" by Gertrude Warner and identify the narrator's role in the story.
Students are given 10 questions to review key concepts taught during the lesson.
Students will write 2 story introductions. In one of them, the narrator will not be a character in the story. In the other, the narrator should also be a character.
Save time building lessons
Manage the classroom more efficiently
Increase student engagement
Gynzy is an online teaching platform for interactive whiteboards and displays in schools.
With a focus on elementary education, Gynzy's Whiteboard, digital tools, and activities make it easy for teachers to save time building lessons, increase student engagement, and make classroom management more efficient.


The Truth About Campus Carry
campus carry_1449079058756_551880_ver1.0_1
Reader Bryce Booher writes:
Over the last several weeks, there's been a growing debate over Campus Carry. Should we allow college students to carry concealed firearms on campus? What about other weapons? My position: Our 2A rights shall not be suspended or removed simply because we've crossed an imaginary line and walked onto a college campus (or anywhere else for that matter). No other rights are treated in such a manner.
Despite what some professors at the University of Texas would have you believe, the world will not end because law-abiding, already responsibly-armed students can now carry concealed firearms on campus without being arrested. Before diving into the major issue of allowing campus carry or not, it's important to understand why it's an important issue.
Mass shootings
One of the first reasons those who are in favor of concealed carry give for campus carry is, "In case there's a mass shooting on campus." Contrary to what the national media would have you believe, mass shootings are extremely rare. They do happen, however.
It's impossible to get an exact figure on the number of mass shootings on college campuses that were stopped or prevented by a student carrying a firearm. According to the Washington Post, since 1966, there have been 127 mass shootings (by definition) in the U.S. Keeping in mind not all of those took place on a college campus, you can see the chance of a shooting on a campus is very small. The FBI estimates, however, that a firearm is used to stop a crime approximately one million times a year (note that this doesn't mean a firearm was actually discharged).
College campus crime rates
If a mass shooting is highly unlikely then, what other reasons are there to carry a self defense weapon on a college campus? If we look at the top 10 schools in the U.S. in terms of violent crime rates, we find some astonishing numbers.
1. University of Illinois-Chicago (No surprise here for most of you)
1.59 incidents per 1000 students
21 total forcible sexual offenses, 96 total aggravated assaults
2. University of California-Berkeley
1.56 per 1000 students
89 total forcible sexual offenses, 31 total aggravated assaults
4. Harvard University (this was a huge surprise to me)
1.18 per 1000
87 total forcible sexual offenses, 10 total aggravated assaults
6. Penn State University (hold the Sandusky jokes, please)
1.16 per 1000
119 total forcible sexual offenses, 39 total aggravated assaults
I have purposely skipped over a few colleges on the list for the sake of brevity. These statistics were compiled over a three-year span (2011-2013).
It seems save to speculate that the overwhelming majority of the forcible sexual offenses on college campuses are committed against female victims. Then again, it's also important to note that given current standards, some of those forcible sexual offenses could be an unwanted hug (as defined in the student conduct guidelines of many college websites). I'm not making excuses for that either, but it's a far cry from forcible violent rape. These are important distinctions as campuses are reportedly becoming increasingly dangerous for young women.
So now that we now the reasons campus carry is something to consider, it's time to arm up. But with what exactly?
Most universities will ban carrying concealed firearms on campus, even by those with a concealed carry permit/license. Despite my personal views on the subject, this alone will deter many from carrying a firearm. Depending on the laws, the penalties for carrying on campus could range from a misdemeanor to a felony – so it's important to research your state laws and decide if the risk is worth it.
If you decide to carry a firearm on campus, you should carry on your person for a number of reasons. If you open the wrong pocket, other students may be able to see you have a firearm in the classroom – not a good thing. If a fire-alarm goes off, most teachers want you to leave your belongings behind and make your way to an exit. If your firearm is in your bag, you've now left a loaded firearm unattended – also not a good thing.
Tasers/stun guns
If you bought a cheap convenience store "stun gun" for $15, throw it away. If you choose not to carry a firearm while on campus, your main objective then becomes to inflict as much pain as possible on an attacker and get away. A $15 "stun gun" is much like a shock collar for a dog. It hurts as long as you're holding the button down. As soon as you release the button (keep in mind these are press contact weapons – so you will have to be within arm's reach of your attacker to use it), the pain ceases and your attacker is able to continue as usual. If he has a temper (which is likely), it may do more harm than good, and may not even force him/her to lose their grip on you.
There are many good law enforcement and civilian model tasers that are incredibly effective. The two biggest benefits to these are they can be deployed with or without being close enough for your attacker to grab you. Most of these have fish-hook-like barbs that shoot out and stick in the individual and deliver a painful and incapacitating jolt of electricity.
They are also a quick way of dropping an attacker to his/her knees with the press of a button (YouTube is full of videos showing the effectiveness of tasers). If the barbs make contact, the taser will continue to shock the attacker until you flip the safety on, or the battery runs out. Either of those will give you time to get away.
Two major drawbacks to these weapons are the cost (sometimes as high as many concealed carry firearms), and their size (often bigger than single stack 9mm's and 380's).
Pepper Spray
There's a variety of pepper spray options out there. The truth is most of them are the same chemical on the inside. What you're really looking for here is the OC percentage. Pepper spray contains Oleoresin Capsaicin (OC) and the percentage of OC is usually listed on the canister. Normally, you will see OC percentages range from 2% to 18%. These percentages tell you the amount of OC proportional to the volume of the canister. The higher the percentage, the more potent the spray.
Something important to keep in mind is that if you spray indoors, you will want to clear the area quickly. Pepper spray will fill the air around you and can cause severe irritation to your own lungs, eyes, and skin, whether you get hit directly or not. The good news is it's very effective. While it may not put an attacker on the ground, it will disorient him/her and allow you a window to escape.
Finally, personal safety is your responsibility. You shouldn't rely on others to protect you everywhere you go. Remember that the best tool you have available to you is your brain. Your mindset is your biggest asset in a self defense situation. How you prepare in peace, often determines the outcome in war.
There are certainly other options I've passed over for this post. Knives, tactical pens, flashlights, etc. could all be used defensively if given the right scenario. The moral of the story is making sure you're armed with something. If your state's laws allow you to carry a firearm on campus, carry one. If the law doesn't, you still have options for self defense.
Bryce Booher runs Defensive Resources LLC and is a NRA certified firearms instructor.
 1. avatar RockOnHellChild says:
 Take it from someone who has been sprayed and juiced, I'd rather be juiced.
 Never been shot, but I'd say that would take a pretty high ranking, as well.
 Not higher than a forced mustache ride by Lena Dunham, though, I'd take the bullet on that wheel-o-shitty.
 1. avatar Jon in CO says:
 In order or least painful to painful:
 Pepper spray (I HATE anything in my eyes)
 Lena Dunham.
 I would choose all three of the prior, one after another, instead of having Lena Dunham sit on my face.
 1. avatar Ing says:
 Remember, your best self-defense is your brain: if you're using it (or your eyes), you won't find yourself anywhere near Lena Dunham in the first place.
 1. avatar FedUp says:
 Thanks, guys. I made it 52 years without even knowing Lena Dunham existed. But you had to go and ruin it.
 2. avatar Marcus (Aurelius) Payne says:
 Unfortunately, Lena Dunham has proven extremely difficult to conceal.
 1. avatar Ing says:
 Ha! Isn't that the truth…
 2. avatar Timmy! says:
 Ok, I just HAD to google Lena Dunham after reading all those replies… thankfully it wasn't as bad as I expected.
 1. avatar Christine says:
 What is a Lena Dunham?
 2. avatar strych9 says:
 I'm sure that it's an informative article and well written, but I stopped when I reached this: "Our 2A rights shall not be suspended or removed simply because we've crossed an imaginary line and walked onto a college campus (or anywhere else for that matter). No other rights are treated in such a manner.
 That's simply not true. Google "Free Speech Zones".


Don't Overlook Generational Cohort
I'm reading Froma Walsh's Spiritual Resources in Family Therapy (1st edition) for my Wellness & Spirituality Throughout the Life Cycle class. Here's a quote:
"Active congregational participation as well as prayer tend to become increasingly important over adulthood. Whereas only 35% of young adults aged 18-29 attend their place of worship weekly, 41% of persons aged 30-49, 46% of those aged 50-64, and 56% of those over 65 attend weekly."
That quote is from the 1999 edition of the book, and so those numbers are probably based on a survey conducted in the 1990s. The source is not cited, so I can't be sure, so take this criticism with a grain of salt. I'm just using this example to point out something that happens a lot with the analysis of age-based research. That is, this presentation makes it sound as if humans attend church more and more as they get older, but these numbers say no such thing.
What these numbers say is that at the time of the survey, 35% of young adults say they are going to their place of worship weekly and that each age group above them at this time show more of that behavior. Each generation has its own characteristics. It may well be that this group of young adults is part of a less church-going generational cohort, which will stay more or less that way as they age. Imagine, for example, that such is the case and the next generation that comes along attends church more often. A survey at that time will show that place-of-worship attendance is relatively high in young adults, drops off in middle age, and then resurges in old age, and many will assume, based on that, that this is the "natural" progression of human church-going behavior.
As far as I know, Walsh is accurate in her analysis, based on information she is not giving. It's a potential error to be aware of, though, and one often overlooked by researchers in psychology. I've noticed it often since reading Strauss & Howe's Generations. They make the point really well, that we often think that increasing age causes people to become more or less something-or-other–more conservative, say–basing our reasoning on the generational cohorts that are currently alive, but it may just seem that way because of the quirks of our sample.
In order to know, we would need more information than this snapshot. We need multiple surveys conducted over quite a period of time, while different generational cohorts were alive, to get longitudinal information. Does each generation attend church more and more as it ages? Is the difference in church-going between a generation in its young years and that generation in old age greater or less than the difference between that generation and another generation entirely?
[First published on Nathen's Miraculous Escape, April 7, 2010.]


text:
When Gabe Draguicevich was asked to help fabricate a titanium hip implant based on CT (computed tomography, also known as CAT) scan data, he had to coordinate numerous technologies to complete the project. Because the CT data consisted of 2-D cross-sections, Draguicevich had to stack and align the individual scans to create a 3-D model, which he used to create a polygonal mesh in the form of a stereolithography (STL) file. After creating a prototype, he had to verify it against the original scan data, which was no mean feat considering that software capable of providing deviation analysis of the model surface to the STL file did not exist. Finally, Draguicevich created a wireframe model from the STL mesh to machine the final product. The entire process took approximately two weeks to complete.
That was 20 years ago. According to Draguicevich, "If I had the tools that are available today, I could have simply taken the CT scan data and created the STL mesh in one step, and then machined directly from the mesh. The data-processing capabilities of modern software have made the entire process painless compared to years past. Furthermore, I could have taken the finished piece and inspected it for accuracy using the original scan data as the reference. Any deviations could have been addressed by modifying the finished part in coordination with the inspection process."


Could LSD treat alcoholism? If only we could find out, right?
 - Sharebar
According to a recent study, a single dose of LSD is significantly associated with decreased alcohol misuse.
The researchers concluded that the effectiveness of a single dose of LSD compares well with that of daily administration of drugs currently used to treat alcoholism (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram).
The study conducted by two Norwegian researchers revisited LSD research from 1960s and '70s, when LSD research could still be funded and conducted.
Their meta-analysis of six trials showed a significant beneficial effect of LSD on alcohol misuse for up to 6 months. None of the studies reported any lasting detrimental effects of LSD on psychosocial functioning or other harmful effects.
Why might LSD be effective as a form of treatment?
Researchers from one of the trials noted, 'It was rather common for patients to claim significant insights into their problems, to feel that they had been given a new lease on life, and to make a srong resolution to discontinue their drinking.'
LSD research today?