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Higher education is a pathway to personal and professional growth, but for many individuals, financial constraints can hinder their dreams of pursuing a college education. Scholarships play a pivotal role in breaking down barriers and opening doors to higher education by providing financial support and empowering students to unlock their full potential. In this article, we will explore the transformative power of scholarships and how they create opportunities for students, foster academic achievement, and pave the way for a brighter future.
Creating Opportunities: Overcoming Financial Barriers
One of the most significant obstacles to higher education is the cost of tuition and other associated expenses. Scholarships bridge this financial gap by providing students with the financial resources needed to pursue their educational aspirations. By alleviating the burden of tuition fees, textbooks, and living expenses, scholarships empower students from diverse backgrounds to access and excel in higher education, regardless of their financial circumstances.
Empowering Academic Excellence: Recognizing Merit and Potential
Scholarships not only provide financial support but also recognize and reward academic excellence, talent, and potential. They serve as a validation of a student's hard work, dedication, and achievements, boosting their confidence and motivating them to strive for academic excellence. By acknowledging and nurturing exceptional abilities, scholarships inspire students to reach their full potential and become leaders and innovators in their chosen fields.
Fostering Personal and Professional Growth: Expanded Opportunities
Scholarships open doors to a world of expanded opportunities for personal and professional growth. Through scholarships, students gain access to top-notch educational institutions, cutting-edge research opportunities, internships, and mentorship programs. These experiences help them develop essential skills, broaden their horizons, and build valuable networks that can propel their future careers. Scholarships empower students to explore their passions, expand their knowledge, and prepare for impactful contributions to society.
Building a Diverse and Inclusive Community: Breaking Barriers
Scholarships play a crucial role in fostering diversity and inclusivity within educational institutions. By providing financial assistance to students from underrepresented backgrounds, scholarships break down barriers and ensure that individuals from diverse ethnic, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds have equal access to higher education. This inclusivity enriches the learning environment, promotes cross-cultural understanding, and prepares students to thrive in an increasingly globalized world.
Creating a Lasting Impact: Paying It Forward
Scholarships have a ripple effect that extends beyond individual students. When recipients of scholarships complete their education and enter their chosen professions, they often become catalysts for positive change. Many scholarship recipients feel a strong sense of gratitude and responsibility to give back to their communities. They become advocates for education, mentors for aspiring students, and donors who contribute to the scholarship funds, thus creating a cycle of support that enables future generations to access higher education.
Scholarships are catalysts for transforming lives and unlocking the potential of students who may otherwise be held back by financial constraints. By creating opportunities, empowering academic excellence, fostering personal and professional growth, promoting diversity and inclusivity, and creating a lasting impact, scholarships pave the way for a brighter future. It is through scholarships that individuals can pursue their educational dreams, overcome barriers, and make a meaningful contribution to society. Scholarships not only open doors to higher education but also unlock the potential within each student, leading to a lifetime of success and fulfillment.


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Alteplase Generic Name:
Alteplase (AL-teh-PLACE)Brand Name:
Alteplase is used for:
Restoring function to central venous access devices that have become clogged with clotted blood. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.
Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). It works by helping to break down unwanted blood clots.
Do NOT use Alteplase if:
- you are allergic to any ingredient in Alteplase
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Alteplase :
Tell your health care provider if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
- if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
- if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
- if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
- if you have active internal bleeding
- if you have had any type of surgery or medical procedure or have undergone childbirth within the past 48 hours
- if you have blood problems (eg, thrombocytopenia, blood clotting problems) or severe liver or kidney disease
- if you have an increased risk for complications due to clotting (eg, blood clot near the catheter)
- if you have a known or suspected infection at the catheter site
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Alteplase. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any of the following medicines.
- Abciximab, anticoagulants (eg, warfarin, heparin), aspirin, or dipyridamole because the risk of serious side effects, such as bleeding, may be increased
- Nitrates (eg, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate) because the effectiveness of Alteplase may be decreased
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Alteplase may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Alteplase :
Use Alteplase as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Alteplase is usually administered at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you are using Alteplase at home, carefully follow the procedures taught to you by your health care provider.
- If Alteplase contains particles or is discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.
- Mix Alteplase by swirling gently. Do not shake.
- Throw away any unused medicine left in the vial.
- Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain local regulations for selecting an appropriate container and properly disposing of the container when full.
- If you miss a dose of Alteplase, contact your doctor right away.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Alteplase.
Important safety information:
- Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to Alteplase. Using Alteplase alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially dangerous tasks.
- Be sure you know why the catheter is not functioning before using Alteplase. If the catheter is not functioning due to a reason other than clotted blood, contact your doctor before using Alteplase.
- Contact your doctor if the catheter remains blocked after using this product as directed.
- If redness, swelling, or pain develops at the catheter site, contact your doctor immediately.
- Alteplase may reduce the number of cells in your blood that help your blood clot (platelets). To prevent bleeding, avoid situations in which bruising or injury may occur. Report any unusual bleeding, bruising, blood in stools, or dark, tarry stools to your doctor.
- If serious bleeding occurs while you are using Alteplase, contact your doctor immediately.
- Additional monitoring of your dose or condition may be needed if you are taking warfarin or aspirin.
- Use Alteplase with caution in the ELDERLY because they may be more sensitive to its effects.
- PREGNANCY AND BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using this product during pregnancy. It is unknown if Alteplase is excreted in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using Alteplase, check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby.
Possible side effects of Alteplase :
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. When used in small doses, no COMMON side effects have been reported with this product. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); black or bloody stools; bloody vomit; calf pain or tenderness; changes in vision; chest pain; chills; coughing up blood; difficulty breathing or sudden shortness of breath; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever; one-sided weakness; redness, swelling, or pain at the catheter site; severe bleeding; severe stomach pain; speech problems or changes; unusual or easy bleeding or bruising.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. You may also report side effects at _URL_
If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact _PHONE_ (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center (_URL_), or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include unusual bleeding.Proper storage of Alteplase :
Store Alteplase in the refrigerator between 36 and 46 degrees F (2 and 8 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Keep Alteplase, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and away from pets.
- If you have any questions about Alteplase, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
- Alteplase is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
- If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Alteplase. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
- Activase Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Creation of a nanobot that can move in the blood vessels
Author at TechGenyz Science
Blood Vessels
Nanobots or nanorobots are microscopic robots that are expected to do specific tasks at the atomic, molecular and cellular level. Their prominence is in the field of medical science thanks to their immense potential.
Developers have long been intending to develop a robot that can fit into capillaries. Engineers in Switzerland have built a nanobot that has the capability of moving through blood vessels. It has a special shell that is filled with polymer mesh and, in place of sensors, the effect and the reactions of magnetic nanoparticles was used by developers during a change in the fields of electricity.
Moreover, the nanobot is capable of changing its shape, size, and direction of movement according to the condition.
According to Selman Sakar, the head of scientists, the principles of the Japanese kirigammi, the art of making paper figures with scissors, was applied by his team so that the nanobot would achieve the flexibility needed to move even in the narrowest of blood vessels.
Although the nanobot has passed all the necessary tests, improvements have to be made in design. Furthermore, this innovation is relatively cheap and can be easily availed by most people.


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Feb. 28, 2013 A prospective study by U.K. researchers found that adolescents who are double-jointed -- medically termed joint hypermobility -- are at greater risk for developing musculoskeletal pain as they get older, particularly in the shoulders, knees, ankles and feet. Findings published in Arthritis & Rheumatism, a journal of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), indicate that children with joint hypermobility are approximately twice as likely to develop pain at these joints.
When ligaments are loose (ligamentous laxity) it may cause joints to extend beyond the normal range (hypermobility), with studies showing a possible genetic basis. However, when genetic causes are not found and joint pain is present, doctors may use the term 'benign joint hypermobility syndrome.' Several studies have shown that joint pain is common in children with hypermobility, with some reports as high as 74% of children with joint hypermobility experiencing pain. Yet, other research suggests that while musculoskeletal pain is a frequent complaint in adolescents, it is no more common in those with joint hypermobility.
"With such conflicting evidence we set out to determine whether adolescents with joint hypermobility are at risk of developing musculoskeletal pain," explains lead author Professor Jon Tobias from the University of Bristol, UK. In a study funded by Arthritis Research UK, the team recruited participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), also known as Children of the 90s. Joint hypermobility was determined at roughly age 14 by a Beighton score of 6 or more out of a possible 9. Individual joints were determined to be hypermobile if, for example, the knees could be bent backwards or the thumbs could touch the wrist. At nearly age 18, participants were evaluated for joint pain by questionnaire.
Analysis of participants with complete data was conducted, with 1267 boys and 1634 girls evaluated. Approximately 5% of participants were hypermobile at age 14, and at age 18 close to 45% of participants reported any pain lasting one or more days. Joint hypermobility was associated with approximately a two-fold increased risk of moderately severe pain at the shoulder, knee, ankle and foot. Interestingly, this increased risk was particularly marked in obese participants, with over a ten-fold increased risk of knee pain observed in obese participants with hypermobility, possibly reflecting the role of mechanical factors.
Professor Tobias concludes, "Our study provides the first prospective evidence that adolescents who display joint hypermobility are at increased risk of developing musculoskeletal pain as they get older, particularly in the shoulder, knee, ankle or feet. Further investigation of increased joint pain in teens is warranted to determine if the long-term effects of joint hypermobility puts them at risk for developing osteoarthritis later in life."
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- Jonathan H Tobias, Kevin Deere, Shea Palmer, Emma M Clark, Jacqui Clinch. Hypermobility is a Risk Factor for Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescence: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2013; DOI: 10.1002/art.37836
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Human Monocytes - CD14, CD16 - Ziegler-Heitbrock
TNF-α Inhibitors Decrease Classical CD14hiCD16- Monocyte Subsets in Highly Active, Conventional Treatment Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Monocytes are pivotal cells in inflammatory joint diseases. We aimed to determine the effect of TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi) on peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations and their activation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with high disease activity. To address this, we studied 50 (32 AS, 18 RA) patients with highly active disease with no prior history of TNFi use who were recruited and assigned to TNFi or placebo treatment for 12 weeks. Cytometric and clinical assessment was determined at baseline, four, and 12 weeks after initiation of TNFi treatment. We observed that treatment with TNFi led to a significant decrease in CD14hiCD16- monocytes in comparison to placebo, while circulating CD14dimCD16+ monocytes significantly increased. The TNFi-induced monocyte subset shifts were similar in RA and AS patients. While the percentage of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes increased, expression of CD11b and CD11c integrins on their surface was significantly reduced by TNFi. Additionally, CD45RA+ cells were more frequent. The shift towards nonclassical CD14dimCD16+ monocytes in peripheral blood due to TNFi treatment was seen in both AS and RA. This may reflect reduced recruitment of these cells to sites of inflammation due to lower inflammatory burden, which is associated with decreased disease activity.
Authors: Batko B, Schramm-Luc A, Skiba DS, Mikolajczyk TP, Siedlinski M.
Journal: Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 12;20(2). pii: E291
Year: 2019
PubMed: Find in PubMed


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Process networks in CHP do not have to be static. In fact, some of the more interesting examples are dynamic. To illustrate a dynamic process pipeline I will use the example task of generating prime numbers.
One way to find prime numbers is as follows. Start with an empty list of primes, and the integer 2. Check if the integer is divisible by any of the numbers in the list of primes. If yes, discard it. If no, add it to the list. Then try the next integer (i.e. add one), and continue indefinitely. A very simple, if inefficient algorithm. (This is not the Sieve of Eratosthenes — see this paper.)
Let's see how we can turn this algorithm into a CHP program. Every time we find a prime, we want to add it to our list of numbers to filter out in future. We can implement this list as a concurrent process pipeline — each process in the pipeline will be responsible for filtering out numbers divisible by a single prime. Such a process is quite straightforward:
filterDiv :: Integer -> Chanin Integer -> Chanout Integer -> CHP () filterDiv n input output = forever $ do x <- readChannel input when (x 'mod' n /= 0) $ writeChannel output x
Every time we find a prime, we need to add a new filterDiv process on to the end of our pipeline. This may sound difficult, but can be easily expressed with some concurrent recursion:
end :: Chanin Integer -> Chanout Integer -> CHP () end input output = do x <- readChannel input writeChannel output x (filterDiv x |->| end) input output
This process sits at the end of our pipeline and reads in a single value. Since our pipeline is filtering out all non-primes, any number that this "end" process receives must be prime. In response to receiving a prime, it sends it on (to whatever process is waiting beyond the prime pipeline to receive the primes). It then becomes the parallel composition of a new filterDiv process, connected to a new end process (the |->| operator expresses this composition). Thus every time a new prime comes out of the end of the pipeline, the pipeline grows by one more process. After the 100th prime, the pipeline will consist of 100 filterDiv processes executing concurrently, and one "end" process.
To complete our pipeline, we need a process at the beginning of the pipeline, supplying an ever-increasing stream of numbers on its output channel, starting at 2:
genStream :: Chanout Integer -> CHP () genStream output = mapM_ (writeChannel output) [2..]
We can now write a primes process that generates a list of prime numbers. Using another helpful operator from the CHP library, this is easy:
primes :: Chanout Integer -> CHP () primes = genStream ->| end
Observe that there is no mention of filterDiv. The pipeline starts out with the stream generator and an end process. All the filterDiv processes are added once the primes start coming out of the pipeline, beginning with 2, as shown in the diagram below:
Note also that the interface of primes is simply Chanout Integer -> CHP (); all the internal details of the expanding concurrent pipeline are hidden from the outside, leaving only an opaque box:
To make a complete program, we can compose this in parallel with a process responsible for printing the primes:
main :: IO () main = runCHP_ $ do c <- oneToOneChannel primes (writer c) <||> (forever $ readChannel (reader c) >>= (liftIO. putStrLn. show))
The expanding pipeline is not restricted to conceptual examples such as generating the primes, and the powerful idea of a process becoming the parallel composition of sub-processes is not restricted to pipelines — two things that I hope to explore in future.
A common feature of many Computer Science courses is the issue of sorting: you may recall the bubble sort, the insertion sort, the merge sort and the quick sort. You may also know their time complexity — bubble sort is O(N^2), meaning the time it takes is proportional to the square of the number of items involved. In contrast, quick sort can reach O(N*log N) in some cases, which — crucially — is better. These are all sequential algorithms though — what happens when we want to make a concurrent algorithm?
There is a parallel version of quicksort, where as you divide and conquer your list, you fork off the two divisions into separate threads, and there are probably other pure parallel sorting strategies too. With CHP we can approach the problem differently, using a concurrent sort pump. I want to explain the sort pump because I like its design, not because it is blazingly fast. We'll begin with a simple component process:
highest :: Ord a => Chanin a -> Chanout a -> CHP () highest input output = readChannel input >>= highest' where highest' x = do y <- readChannel input let (low, high) = if x < y then (x, y) else (y, x) writeChannel output low highest' high
This process starts by reading in a value to hold. Then it repeatedly reads in a new value, keeping the highest one and sending on the lowest one. So if you feed it a stream of values, it will keep hold of the highest value it has seen, and will pass on all lower values. Now let's consider what happens if you connect two of these processes together. The first process will keep the highest value, sending on all others. The second process will keep the highest value of these others — i.e. the second highest value of all of them. Connect three together, and the third will hold the third highest value. Connect N of these together, pass in N values, and the Mth process will hold the Mth highest value. Voila, a sort pump!
There is a problem with our sort pump though — it sorts the values, but we have no way of getting the result out! So we need to augment our component to permit the "flushing" of the pump:
data FlushOrNormal a = Flush [a] | Normal a highestFlush :: Ord a => Chanin (FlushOrNormal a) -> Chanout (FlushOrNormal a) -> CHP () highestFlush input output = empty where empty = do x <- readChannel input case x of Flush _ -> writeChannel output x >> empty Normal y -> full y full cur = do x <- readChannel input case x of Flush xs -> writeChannel output (Flush (cur:xs)) >> empty Normal new -> let (low, high) = if cur < new then (cur, new) else (new, cur) in writeChannel output (Normal low) >> full high
If the component receives a flush signal, it will prepend its currently held value to the list and send on the flush message. Because the first process has the highest value, and all processes prepend, the list ends up in ascending order. If a normal (non-flush) value is received, the component behaves as before. We can then wrap a pipeline of these processes in a tidy process that takes in a list of items, sorts them and sends them out again:
sorterFixedCapacity :: Ord a => Int -> Chanin [a] -> Chanout [a] -> CHP () sorterFixedCapacity n input output = do pumpIn <- oneToOneChannel pumpOut <- oneToOneChannel pipeline (replicate n highestFlush) (reader pumpIn) (writer pumpOut) <|*|> (forever $ do xs <- readChannel input mapM_ (writeChannel (writer pumpIn). Normal) xs writeChannel (writer pumpIn) $ Flush Flush xs' <- readChannel (reader pumpOut) writeChannel output xs')
This sort pump is fixed capacity — if you send the above process a list that is longer than its stated capacity, it won't work correctly. I will not go into the solutions in detail here, but there are are several — we could set-up and tear-down the list of processes each time if we wished, and we could also make the pump automatically expand.
Finally, let's think about the sort pump's time complexity. Each value will pass through half the pipeline on average (not counting the flush), so N/2 communications per item. This happens to N items, so N*N/2 communications (plus N for the flush, but that falls away) [Correction: this should be N*(N+1)/2 — see the comments below]. Each component will see on average N/2 items, and will thus perform N/2 comparisons, so N*N/2 comparisons [Correction: actually, this should be N*(N-1)/2, I think — see the comments]. Our time complexity is therefore O(N^2) overall, but importantly if you had N processors (and very fast communications), each process would run O(N) operations in parallel, and thus you would have an O(N) sorting algorithm. Although, as the corrections indicate, some of this can be a bit harder to calculate than it first appears!
While our theoretical bound is good, in practice the sort pump is only going to stand a chance of good performance if you have very few items that are very expensive to compare (so that the computation — i.e. the comparisons — outweigh the communications). The sort pump is really a concurrent version of the bubble sort, and shares many of its attributes: small, built on simple principles — but slow.


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Infoplus Light Manufacturing
Control every aspect from components to finished goods and the process in between.
Kitting and Light Manufacturing are a reality for 3PLs as well as privately run warehouses. We know the challenges of doing it on the fly and the importance of getting ahead. Building Kits or finishing the manufacturing process as demand comes is ultimately dependent on your business model and resources. Proactively managing inventory, processes and timing around this part of the operation can create a distinct advantage for your business.
Infoplus Light Manufacturing puts the control in your hands. Produce on demand or schedule and execute ahead of time. Either way, a user defined and controlled manufacturing application such as Infoplus Light Manufacturing creates an environment for consistent, predictable results with a process you define.
User defined inputs, outputs and everything in between.
- Inputs - Define each production input and the quantity to use.
- Production Process - Define stages of production and instructions. How are components picked, laid out, put together and let Infoplus Light Manufacturing manage the rest.
- Outputs - Create a recipe for 1 or 100. Single use or repeatable. From demand or in advance.
Turn components into sales.
- Pick / Layout - execute the first step of a job with the rest in mind. How to pick and from where. How to layout and where. Maximize production output with a well defined first step.
- Production Stages - Assembly line or individual builds are defined, tracked and executed based on your needs and capabilities. Define every step of the process no matter how many steps there are.
- Putaway / Ship - Getting ahead on finished inventory or producing for current demand. You determine what the final step is.
Inventory and Analytics
Know how much you can make and when to make it.
- Low Stocks - Tied into the core analytics of Infoplus allows for accurate demand planning on raw materials and finished goods. When to order more, or produce more based on predictive demand or set points.
- Activity Audits - when running jobs as a 3PL ensure time and effort are invoiced correctly whether time and material or production based.
- Analytics - User defined reports and metrics enable you to track productivity over time and improve production processes.


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Ounce vs Troy Ounce
Ounce is a unit of measurement of weight and is used in many countries. Roughly equal to 28 grams, ounce is used in many systems but two more popular systems are avoirdupois ounce and troy ounce. Avoirdupois ounce is simply known as ounce and used in all parts of the world but it is troy ounce that holds significance when it comes to measurement of weights of precious metals. Let us see the difference between ounce and troy ounce as any mistake on the part of a buyer can cost him in hundreds of dollars when it comes to gold and silver.
For everyday weighing, it is avoirdupois ounce that is commonly used. If you weigh yourself on a scale, you get your weight in pounds and ounces that are avoirdupois ounces and avoirdupois pounds.
1 avoirdupois ounce =437.5 grains or 28.35 grams
1 avoirdupois pound contains 16 ounces, which makes it 453.6 grams.
Troy ounce is heavier than the ounce used in a grocery store. It is used in precious metals. So when you buy an ounce of gold or silver, you are getting a troy ounce and not ordinary, everyday ounce. It weighs 10% more than common ounce and has 31.1 grams in comparison to ounce that has 28.35 grams.
It is believed that troy ounce is older than an ounce and was used in Troyes France in the Middle Ages. We know that a troy ounce is heavier than an ounce. But since a troy pound contains 12 troy ounces and an avoirdupois pound contains 16 ounces, a troy pound is lighter than an ordinary pound.
So we know now that a troy ounce weighs 31.1 gm whereas an avoirdupois ounce weighs 28.35gm. The formula to convert grocery ounce into toy ounce is as follows.
Regular ounceX0.912 = troy ounces.
- Ounce is a unit of measurement of weights while a troy ounce is especially used for the measurement of precious metals
- Troy ounce is heavier than ordinary ounce
- While ordinary ounce contains 28.35 gm, a troy ounce contains 31.1 gm


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Title: Testing multivariate normality in the presence of missing data
Authors: Bojana Milosevic - University of Belgrade (Serbia) [presenting]
Danijel Aleksic - University of Belgrade (Serbia)
Abstract: Missing data are a very common problem in practice. Therefore providing an adequate methodology for statistical inference is of great importance for a wide scientific community. We focus on the problem of testing the hypothesis of multivariate normality in the presence of different missingness mechanisms. In particular, the focus will be on the impact of different imputation algorithms on some of the popular tailor-made normality tests - their size and powers under commonly used alternatives, and their comparison with the complete-case approach. Finally, potential directions for future research will be discussed.


Posted: July 21st, 2021
discussion: common alterations in pulmonary functioning
Step 1 The scenario:
You work for Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital as a nurse on the pulmonary unit. You have been asked to create patient education handouts for a variety of pulmonary disorders. After you gather the information to put in the handout, you will ask your peers for feedback on the information.
Step 2 Select a pulmonary disorder that you would like to learn about and, if necessary, research the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Step 3 Your first task is to describe the pathophysiology of the disorder that you will include in the patient handout. This should be followed by common signs and symptoms of the disorder. Be sure to cover the pathophysiology of the disorder in terms a patient (or his or her caregiver) would be able to understand. Be sure to cite all sources you use and provide a reference using proper APA formatting.
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text:
Written by Gil Fronsdal and adapted by Evan Kavanagh
- Can include music, flower bearers and flower scattering
- Are there important friends or family members who enter before or with the couple?
- The altar can represent the couple's spiritual values (Buddha, Dharma, Nature, God, Creation, etc.)
- Officiant welcomes everyone and talks about why everyone is gathered. This might be the time for a talk on marriage/commitment and the role of the community in supporting their partnership
Short meditation or period of silence
- Perhaps having people reflect on their wishes and feelings for the couple being joined. Or perhaps doing loving-kindness/metta meditation
Refuges and Precepts
- These are usually done in a Buddhist ceremonyrepeated after the officiant. Some couples will re-write the refuges and precepts in their own language. When something close to the traditional refuges and precepts are used, this is the heart of what makes the ceremony Buddhist
- In a wider sense, this part of the ceremony can be a statement of how the couple intends to live their lives spirituallyby what values
Poetry and song
- Offered by one or both people being married, and/or by friends and family
- This is one way to involve loved ones in the ceremony
Exchange of vows and rings
- Alternatives or additions to exchanging rings could be exchanging malas (Buddhist prayer beads) or Tibetan blessing scarves.
- There are many different opportunities here to make commitments or undertake the Buddhist Precepts together
- Could include statement of undertaking to use relationship as practice to reveal the underlying spiritual qualities of life together
Pronouncement of union
- Officiant pronounces partnership
- Blessings or well wishes from family and friends
- Another opportunity to include community and family
- Might include asking people who have something in their relationship you admire to offer that quality to you as a blessing
Blessing from officiant
- This may include short metta meditation, sprinkling with holy water, blessing cord, etc.
- Other possible elements: chanting, ringing of bells, noisemakers, prayer flags for everyone, etc.
- Provides a concrete ending to the ceremony – especially important if reception is being held in same location
- It is often a good idea to have the couple exit before the guests and, if it is going to be a legal wedding, to immediately go to a private location with witnesses to sign the marriage license (which the couple provides). It could be hard to gather people together and the signing is more anti-climatic later.


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Masimbaashe Chikuni, a third year Bachelor of Computer Science student in the College of Business, Peace, Leadership and Governance received special recognition in the 2020 MultiCity Challenge public engagement initiative for his project that looks at increasing resilience through Data Science & Flood Warnings in the City of Mutare.
5 African cities in collaboration with the UNDP and Gov Lab at New York University Tandon School of Innovation hosted the 2020 MultiCity Challenge initiative that aims to tackle urban challenges by partnering the people most affected by them, namely city residents. The participating cities included:
Accra, Ghana
Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Kampala, Uganda
Masimbaashe provided context as to why his project focus zoned in on flooding drawing from the experiences and challenges posed by 2019's Cyclone Idai that affected the Chimanimani area of Manicaland.
"With the advent of global climate change, most countries are experiencing a significant weather change, both in temperature and precipitation. The rising temperature accompanied with altering precipitation patterns has accelerated hydrological cycles and increased the frequency of occurrence of natural disasters such as cyclones. Reviewing cyclone Idai that struck Zimbabwe in March 2019, it exhibited unusual characteristics that resulted in disastrous impacts. To date, an estimated 50 000 households were affected with the Chimanimani district being the worst affected because of lack of preparedness. For urban and peri-urban settlements, there is need to enhance climate resilience at different scales and with a range of different measures. By incorporating data science and flood warning systems, we will be better equipped to respond to natural disasters and prevent future disasters from occurring."
Speaking to the importance of research generated by Africa's youth and the prestige of receiving special recognition, Masimbaashe went on to say,
"Being recognized for my contributions to building urban resilience is a great honor that broadens my professional experiences, builds my confidence and increases my perseverance. It is encouragement to continue to tackle big challenges and reframe the future. I entered the initiative to test my ideas and see how viable they are especially when implemented in the real-world. It gives me a sense of accomplishment to know that I have a voice to add to the development narrative and it gives me the boldness required to develop new systems to emancipate and grow Africa."
The Africa University College of Business, Peace, Leadership and Governance has set a track record of excellence in studentled research and innovation. This award recognition comes on the back of a previous win by four students also in the Computer Science programme who won the UmojaHack Zimbabwe InterUniversity Hackathon that took place towards the end of 2020 and focused on the utilization of big data in realworld problem solving.
Mentorship by leading college academics such as Dr. Yogesh Kumar Awasthi lends students the critical support required in the knowledge generation process.
Dr. Yogesh said,
"Effective mentorship is critical to the success of early stage researchers, and has been linked to enhanced mentee productivity, self-efficacy, and career satisfaction. The Objective is to provide all students across the all technical fields with evidence-based mentorship and professional development programming that emphasizes the benefits and challenges of diversity, inclusivity, and culture within mentoring relationships, and more broadly the research workforce."
Dr. Yogesh went on to expand on the critical need for the creation of strong research structures and mechanisms to engage more young people in the process.
"The world is well into the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and yet education systems have not kept pace. Young people are often not learning the skills they need to succeed in the 21st century and interact with their changing world, such as digital literacy, problem solving, and critical thinking. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of these skills for the future in education policies, very few education systems have adapted to this reality. On the African continent, where 60 percent of the population is under the age of 25, the teaching of 21st century skills will be necessary for Africa to transform itself into a continent of growth and opportunity. If young people do not learn how to use and create with technology, they are sure to fall further behind. To achieve the vision of 2030, technological advancement will play a vital role which is led by computer science."
He went on to put emphasis on the need to encourage, motivate and inspire students with academic staff being a conduit for budding researchers to contribute actively to the development of the continent.
Our young and energetic researchers should come forward and play their role in development of the country and continent. Awards and recognition like this motivates us and encourages us to show our best at social and economic research levels. As we know, Africa is grappling with lots issues therefore it is the responsibility of the universities to come forward and give their input for innovations and solutions of existing problems. Universities are not only made to provide degrees but now is the time to participate in the socio economic development of the nation."
The GovLab created the City Challenges model in 2016 under the notion that public institutions need to change how they work, becoming more data-driven, agile, innovative, and capable of tapping expertise from new sources to respond more effectively to novel challenges. The first pilot of this initiative was carried out in the municipality of San Pedro Garza García, Mexico. The Multi-City Challenge scales the previous model running the programme in parallel in different cities that share similar urban challenges. This programme allows them to pool the expertise of their civil servants and residents to define problems and to find innovative solutions to solve them creating synergies and economies of scale between them.(_URL_


Creating Safety Groups
"If you want to improve the world, start by making people feel safer"
Dr. Stephen Porges
Trauma Informed -
Neuroscience-Informed -
Grounded in Compassion
In order to face our challenges and heal our wounds, we must first feel safe. This goes much deeper than just the thought that we are safe. We need to feel safe within our own skin. We need to deeply experience safety at the level of our nervous system, of our bodies.
Creating Safety groups emerged from our vision of offering readily accessible tools to assist those who suffer without fully understanding why. We wanted to foster education and a sense of feeling safer in the world. We understood that this is a complex process. We also knew that even small increments of awareness and abilities to self-regulate could stimulate dramatic effects on well-being and the capacity to heal.
Our introductory groups focus on three domains that determine our felt sense of safety:
 1. Breath: Our breath lies at the interface of conscious and unconscious, explicit and implicit, mind and body. It remains the most powerful domain for utilising our conscious will to effect change in our unconscious physiology. We teach and practice a wide array of techniques for employing breathwork to regulate ourselves. Some techniques are designed more for long-term resilience of our nervous systems, while other work best during moments of triggering and overwhelm.
 2. Grounding: We teach and practice various body-based skills for coming out of hyperarousal or dissociation. These help us to come back into our bodies and into our ability to cognitively process our experience. Over time, confidence in our ability to ground allows for a more enduring sense of safety.
 3. Boundaries: The foundations of our sense of personal space lies in our embodied, somatic sense of boundaries. Without that sense, we are either too closed off or too open to what life places in our path. Without establishing a felt, somatic sense of our boundary, it is difficult to break patterns of endangering ourselves, enmeshing or distancing in relationships, or feeling insecure and lost in the world. Through various mindful, body-based exercises, we develop our felt sense of having an adaptive and flexible boundary.
Irina and Harry come from a strong background in yoga and meditation.
They have experienced firsthand the benefits of long-term sustained practice.
They have adapted tools from traditional yoga, the new wave of trauma-informed yoga therapy and from somatic psychotherapies in order to provide short-term interventions that impact the brain, body and nervous system and that help cultivate a sense of safety and calm.


text:
- Main Page
- Frequent Questions
- What You Can Do
- How We Prepare
- RadNet 24/7 Monitoring
- How We Respond
- Protective Action Guides
- Homeland Security
- Related Links
Below you will find links to information about the roles of various organizations in preparing for and responding to radiation emergencies.
On this page:
- Other EPA Organizations
- Other Federal Organizations
- State Governments and Organizations
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Other EPA Organizations
General Emergency Response
Office of Emergency
Coordinates and implements a wide range of activities to ensure that adequate and timely response measures are taken in communities affected by hazardous substances and oil releases where state and local first responder capabilities have been overwhelmed.
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response: Emergencies, Accidents,
There is a complex system of responsibilities for these types of emergencies because there are many parts to them. This site describes the response system.
Response Team (ERT East and West)
The Emergency Response Team is recognized as a vital link in EPA's efforts to remediate and limit damage to the environment and assess threats to human health.
National Analytical Radiation Environmental LaboratoryNuclear Emergency Response
The NAREL emergency response teams support EPA's overall emergency preparedness responsibility. Teams are trained and equipped to respond to nuclear emergencies anywhere in the nation.
RadNet is a national network of monitoring stations that regularly collect air, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples for analysis of radioactivity.
National Center for Radiation Field Operations (NCRFO)
NCRFO manages all of ORIA's field resources, such as on-site monitoring and communications equipment. It assesses sites contaminated with radioactive material. The Center is also an essential component of EPA's Radiological Emergency Response Team (RERT). The National Center coordinates RERT field capabilities for preparedness planning, working with the Office of Emergency Management, Regional Emergency Response programs, and the Agency's Special Teams. The National Center staff also provides training to staff from EPA, state, local and Tribal organizations and other federal agencies on field radiological emergency response operations.
This page provides phone numbers for EPA's Regional radiological emergency response contacts.
Other Federal Organizations
Department of Homeland Security:
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Homeland Security: Weapons of Mass Destruction
This page provides links to key federal nuclear response organizations.
National Response Plan
This page describes the content of the NRP and provides links to additional related material.
National Fire Academy Independent Study Courses
This page provides links to National Fire Academy self-study courses in the Incident Command Structure and other emergency-related areas.
Revised IS-800 National Response Plan (NRP), An Introduction
This course introduces the NRP. It is intended for DHS and other Federal staff responsible for implementing the NRP, and Tribal, State, local and private sector emergency management professionals.
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
This course introduces NIMS, explaining the purpose, principles, key components and benefits of NIMS. The course also contains "Planning Activity" screens, giving an opportunity to complete some planning tasks during the course.
National Disaster Medical System
This page describes the National Disaster Medical System and provides links to support and training for emergency responders, managers and response team leader.
Department of Health and Human Services:
Centers for Disease Control
and Response: Radiation Emergencies
On this page, CDC offers information to help people be prepared for a radiation emergency.
U.S. Department of Energy
Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center
This page describes the FRMAC and its operation. It also provides links to fact sheets and other materials.
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site
This site describes REACT, its activities, the courses offered, and links to publications.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Nonproliferation and Homeland Security
This page contains information about LLNL's activities in emergency preparedness, prevention, and response.
National Response Team
National Response Team
The U.S. National Response Team (NRT) is an organization of 16 Federal departments and agencies responsible for coordinating emergency preparedness and response to oil and hazardous substance pollution incidents. This site provides links to technical assistance, resources and coordination on preparedness, planning, response and recovery activities related to emergencies of national significance.
Conference of Radiation
Control Program Directors: Homeland Security
This page provides additional links to information for state emergency response organizations.
- Radiological Dispersion Device First Responder's Guide
This pocket guide (3" x 5") was developed by radiation experts to provide consistent guidelines to all first responders.
International Atomic Energy
This site offers articles and reports of interest to those interested in nuclear security issues.
Counter Terrorism Organizations
The White House/Homeland Security
of Homeland Security: Threats and Protection
This site describes DHS's programs and activities aimed at identifying and deterring terrorist threats.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBI Counter Terrorism
This page describes the counter terrorism activities of the FBI. It includes analyses of threats, terrorist incidents, and the FBI's most wanted terrorists list.
DHS/Federal Emergency Management Agency
This site offers general information about terrorism and different types of terrorist attacks.
Chemical Emergency Prevention and Preparedness: Role in
This site describes EPA's role in homeland security.


text: Urbanization results in pervasive habitat fragmentation and reduces standing genetic variation through genetic drift. Loss of genome-wide variation may ultimately reduce the evolutionary potential of animal populations experiencing rapidly changing conditions. In this study, we examined genome-wide variation among 23 white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) populations sampled along an urbanization gradient in the New York City metropolitan area. Genome-wide variation was estimated as a proxy for evolutionary potential using more than 10,000 SNP markers generated by ddRAD-Seq. We found that genome-wide variation is inversely related to urbanization as measured by percent impervious surface cover, and to a lesser extent, human population density. We also report that urbanization results in enhanced genome-wide differentiation between populations in cities. There was no pattern of isolation by distance among these populations, but an isolation by resistance model based on impervious surface significantly explained patterns of genetic differentiation. Isolation by environment modeling also indicated that urban populations deviate much more strongly from global allele frequencies than suburban or rural populations. This study is the first to examine evolutionary potential along an urban-to-rural gradient and quantify urbanization as a driver of population genomics patterns.


The Lesser Key of Solomon
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The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as the Clavicula Salomonis Regis[note 1] or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) focused on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-seventeenth century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older.[1][2] It is divided into five books, the Ars Goetia, the Ars Theurgia-Goetia, the Ars Paulina, the Ars Almandel, and the Ars Notoria.[1][3]
Ars Goetia[edit]
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around.[1][4] The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy and the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano[note 2][1][5] and from the Magical Calender.[6]
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which may be related to a 1583 manuscript titled "The Office of Spirits",[7] appears to have ultimately be an elaboration on a fifteenth century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).[2][5]
In a slightly later copy made by Dr. Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia," and the seals and demons were paired with those of the seventy-two angels of the Shemhamphorasch,[3] who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned.[8] The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.[5] Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from now a lost work by Johannes Trithemius,[5] who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S.L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King." Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.[9]
The Seventy-Two Demons[edit]
 1. King Bael
 2. Duke Agares
 3. Prince Vassago
 4. Marquis Samigina
 5. President Marbas
 6. Duke Valefor
 7. Marquis Amon
 8. Duke Barbatos
 9. King Paimon
 10. President Buer
 11. Duke Gusion
 12. Prince Sitri
 13. King Beleth
 14. Marquis Leraje
 15. Duke Eligos
 16. Duke Zepar
 17. Count/President Botis
 18. Duke Bathin
 19. Duke Sallos
 20. King Purson
 21. Count/President Marax
 22. Count/Prince Ipos
 23. Duke Aim
 24. Marquis Naberius
 25. Count/President Glasya-Labolas
 26. Duke Buné
 27. Marquis/Count Ronové
 28. Duke Berith
 29. Duke Astaroth
 30. Marquis Forneus
 31. President Foras
 32. King Asmoday
 33. Prince/President Gäap
 34. Count Furfur
 35. Marquis Marchosias
 36. Prince Stolas
 37. Marquis Phenex
 38. Count Halphas
 39. President Malphas
 40. Count Räum
 41. Duke Focalor
 42. Duke Vepar
 43. Marquis Sabnock
 44. Marquis Shax
 45. King/Count Viné
 46. Count Bifrons
 47. Duke Vual
 48. President Haagenti
 49. Duke Crocell
 50. Knight Furcas
 51. King Balam
 52. Duke Alloces
 53. President Caim
 54. Duke/Count Murmur
 55. Prince Orobas
 56. Duke Gremory
 57. President Ose
 58. President Amy
 59. Marquis Orias
 60. Duke Vapula
 61. King/President Zagan
 62. President Valac
 63. Marquis Andras
 64. Duke Haures
 65. Marquis Andrealphus
 66. Marquis Cimeies
 67. Duke Amdusias
 68. King Belial
 69. Marquis Decarabia
 70. Prince Seere
 71. Duke Dantalion
 72. Count Andromalius
Ars Theurgia Goetia[edit]
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript.[10][5] Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points, sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.[11]
Ars Paulina[edit]
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century.[12][13] Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books of its own, the first detailing twenty four angels aligned with the twenty four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the three hundred sixty spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.[14]
Ars Almandel[edit]
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A fifteenth century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the twentieth century. The Ars Almandel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.[15][16]
Ars Notoria[edit]
Editions and Translations[edit]
 - Arthur Edward Waite, The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts, (1898). Later republished as "The Secret Tradition in Goetia," includes large portions of the Lemegeton, particularly the Goetia.[9]
 - Shah, Idries, The Secret Lore of Magic, (1970). Contains portions of Ars Almandel and split sections the Ars Goetia, missing large portions of the the rituals involved.[9]
 - Peterson, Joseph H. The Lesser Key of Solomon: Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis (2001), ISBN 978-1-57863-220-6. Considered "the definitive version"[21] and "the standard edition."[22]
 4. ^ a b The Book of Ceremonial Magic, part I, chapter III, section 2: "The Lesser Key of Solomon"; Arthur Edward Waite; London,


text:
Audiovisual system hook up diagram - Template
Hook up drawing (hookup diagram) shows how the electronic equipment is connected using the cables and connectors - jacks and plugs.
"The term audiovisual (AV, or A/V) may refer to works with both a sound and a visual component, the production or use of such works, or the equipment used to create and present such works. Slide-tape presentations, films, and television programs are examples of audiovisual presentations, as are most major church services and other live theater productions.
Business presentations are also often audiovisual. In a typical presentation, the presenter provides the audio by speaking, and supplements it with a series of images projected onto a screen, either from a slide projector, or from a computer connected to a projector using presentation software.
In the developed world, there has been a huge uptake of computer-based audiovisual equipment in the education sector, with many schools and higher educational establishments installing projection equipment and often using interactive whiteboard technology." [Audiovisual. Wikipedia]
The audiovisual system hook up diagram template for the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software is included in the Audio and Video Connectors solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.


text:
Neopaganism, polytheistic religious movement, practiced in small groups by partisans of pre-Christian religious traditions such as Egyptian, Greek, Norse, and Celtic. Neopagans fall into two broad categories, nature-oriented and magical groups, and often incorporate arcane and elaborate rituals. Two of the movement's most influential thinkers were Alphonse L. Constant (1810–75) and Gerard Encausse (1865–1916).
See M. Adler, Drawing Down the Moon (1981, rev. ed. 1986); T. M. Luhrman, Pervasions of the Witch's Craft (1989); J. G. Melton and I. Poggi, Magic, Witchcraft, and Paganism in America (1992).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Neopaganism from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Miscellaneous Religion


text:
Since its inception in 1963 by Dr. Bruce Merrifield, solid phase peptide synthesis has become a major enabling tool for making peptides. It has allowed for the development of automated peptide synthesizers which dramatically simplify production of peptides.
CEM has pushed this technique further. Based initially on our developments in microwave energy for SPPS, CEM's peptide synthesizers offer unmatched performance in terms of speed, purity, and efficiency. For this reason our peptide synthesizers have become the most widely used systems in the world.
CEM microwave peptide synthesizers have several advantages over conventional peptide synthesizers:
- Fastest cycle times available
- A unique delivery mechanism (Flex-Add) that eliminates the need for any priming
- Access to peptides impossible to synthesize under conventional conditions
- Unique chemistry methodology for unparalleled peptide purity and yield
- Use of microwave energy for both the coupling and deprotection steps
- CarboMAX coupling chemisty
- One-pot coupling/deprotection
Today, microwave assisted peptide synthesis has become the standard in solid phase peptide synthesis. Its use was dramatically expanded after the introduction in 2013 of high efficiency SPPS (HE-SPPS) on the Liberty Blue peptide synthesizer which shortened standard cycle times to only 4 minutes along with dramatically reducing the waste generated. HE-SPPS also utilized advanced carbodiimide chemistry that simplified coupling of both cysteine and arginine with minimal side reactions even at 90°C.
The introduction of CarboMAX coupling chemistry in 2016 provided even further benefits for acylation at higher temperatures. CarboMAX allows for faster formation of the key o-acylisourea intermediate in carbodiimide chemistry that leads to the formation of higher amounts of activated amino acid more quickly. This has demonstrated both reduced coupling times and less epimerization compared to standard carbodiimide chemistry.
In 2018, CEM introduced a brand new one-pot coupling and deprotection methodology for SPPS. This new methodology is utilized on the Liberty PRIME peptide synthesizer and allows for unprecedented 2 minute cycle times with half the waste compared to even the Liberty Blue system. The ability to do this is based on the unique step of adding the base for deprotection directly to the undrained coupling solution that is already at an elevated temperature. This reduces cycle time by eliminating draining and temperature ramping between the coupling and deprotection reactions. It also reduces the solvent required since the coupling solution can effectively serve as the solvent for the subsequent deprotection reaction.
The resin loading capability incorporated into the Liberty Blue HT12 and Liberty PRIME synthesizers allow for automated fast sequential solid phase peptide synthesis. Fast sequential automated peptide synthesis has significant advantages over high throughput methods using parallel peptide synthesizers. Fast sequential peptide synthesis allows for single peptides to be made very quickly with the ability to begin purification after each peptide is completed. At the same time, the very fast cycle time achieved with the Liberty Blue HT12 and Liberty PRIME provide total throughput that can keep up with parallel peptide synthesizers.
In addition to peptide synthesizers, CEM also offers a unique system for cleavage of peptides from resin. This system, Razor, provides for parallel cleavage of up to 12 peptides at elevated temperature with an integrated manifold for draining into collection vials. Using the Razor cleavage times can be reduced from 3-4 hours down to only 30 minutes with more complete removal of difficult side chain protecting groups such as Pbf and tBu. In addition to instrumentation, CEM offers a complete line of reagents including Fmoc amino acids, pre-loaded resins, and other reagents.
From resins proven to increase product purity to instruments that shorten reaction times while increasing peptide yield to cleavage systems that remove peptides at the speed of light, CEM has the solution.
US7393920; US7582728; US8058393; EP1491552; JP4773695
Additional worldwide patents pending


text:
Nanolubricants Research Project
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently conducting research into nanolubricants. This enabling technology has the potential for improving the efficiency of chillers that cool large buildings, in a cost-neutral manner.
This project seeks to develop a fundamental understanding of how nanolubricants, a lubricant with dispersed nano-size particles, can enhance refrigerant and lubricant pool boiling. A previous National Institute for Standards and Technology study has shown that copper oxide nanoparticles can provide up to 275% improvement in the boiling heat flux as compared to boiling without nanoparticles. Boiling heat transfer measurements will be conducted with nanoparticles of various sizes, shapes, and materials.
Research is being undertaken between the Department of Energy and the National Institute for Standards and Technology.
The goal of this project is to assess the potential for improving chiller evaporator boiling heat transfer by using nanolubricants.
Benefits and Impacts
Acoustically enhanced nanolubricants are expected to bring between 1% and 2% improvement in chiller efficiencies considering the demonstrated success of this technique with nanofluids. If the efficiency of all existing chillers were to be improved by 1%, 0.03 quads of energy savings could be realized yearly for a marginal investment.


Quiz: QUIZ: Aerospace and Defense
Question 1 of 10
What company manufactured the Mars Climate Orbiter that was lost in space in 1999?
 1. Lockheed Martin
 2. McDonnell Douglas
 3. Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
 4. Stanley Aviation
Lockheed Martin manufactured the Mars Climate Orbiter, which was intended to study the climate of Mars from an altitude of 500,000 feet. However, due to a navigation error, the $125 million craft reached an altitude of 190,000 feet instead, and was destroyed in the planet's atmosphere. The reason for the disaster was simple. The software that controlled the craft gave commands in imperial measurements such as pounds and ounces, but the craft was programmed to interpret the figures using the metric system. Marcia S. Smith of the Congressional Research Service summed it up well when she said that "it is just dumbfounding, flabbergasting--all those superlative adjectives--that this could possibly happen."
SOURCE: Math Error Equals Loss Of Mars Orbiter | Science News


Home > Products > High CRI LED Strip Light
High CRI LED Strip Light
1. What exactly does CRI mean (not to be confused with CCT)?
The color rendering index or CRI is a measurement of how well a lamp illuminates color.
It's not a measurement of brightness per se but more an indication of how sharp colors will appear under its light.
CRI should not be confused with CCT which stands for correlated color temperature.
The two are related but represent different qualities of a lamp's light.
CCT is more a measurement of the light given off by the lamp itself.
When you hear people talking about warm white light or cool white light, they are talking about CCT or the color temperature of the light given off.
2. But what does it really mean to your eye?
The lighting industry uses CRI values to represent the quality of light a lamp emits – the "trueness" of the way colors appear under that light.
CRI is determined by comparing light sources of the same CCT – or color temperature – against a reference source with a CRI of 100.
The testing method evaluates the light source's ability to render eight standard pastel colors.
To most eyes, the closer the CRI value is to 100, the better the colors will appear under it, to give you an even better understanding.
Let's take a look at five common lighting applications and the CRI values that are most often utilized for each one.
Commercial buildings often stick in the seventy to eighty-six CRI range for overall color quality.
But you will also find halogen or incandescent lamps of 100 CRI use to highlight artwork or other important features in the space.
Retail stores definitely want color details to pop especially in clothing or furniture sections.
So you will often find lamps with 90 CRI or higher is used to fill the space.
Industrial buildings often don't require fluorescent lamps with more than 70 CRI, and can even go as low as 20 to 25 CRI when using Stan high-pressure sodium lamps.
Street lights and parking lots are two more examples where you don't require high CRI lamps.
All you need in these situations is standard illumination to keep you on the road.
And finally landscape lighting. This lighting application will vary depending on the need, and the desire of the homeowner or tenant.
If you want to emphasize the colors of flowers or plants, CRI of 80 and above would be recommended.
However, if you just want to delineate where a walkway or path is, lower CRI lamps may be used. Remember, all I see color differently.
If you're a contractor, your customer's eyes are the only ones that matter.
Field testing different lamps on-site is always the best way to ensure your client will be happy with their new lighting.
Below are some high CRI LED light strips that we can provide, each of which can achieve more than 95 CRI.


Tag: educational infrastructure
A Higher Education Fable
Once there was a school on the top of a steep hill. Because it was on a hill, it was called Higher Education.
Everyone who worked at this school had been taught by the teachers in the school down the hill. But because they were now up the hill, they did think a lot about the teachers down the hill. Most of the teachers down the hill were women and most of the teachers up the hill were men.
There were several different students who went to the Higher Education school.
The younger students who went there Continue reading "A Higher Education Fable"


Skip to main content /SPACE /SPACE
Mir demise causes international high anxiety
(CNN) -- An unlikely member has joined the club of nations voicing concern that a doomed Russian space station could rain down deadly debris within their borders, one in the heart of Europe.
When Moscow sends the space station Mir on a suicidal plunge into the atmosphere later this month, the aging orbiting outpost should break up and send tons of debris into the southwest Pacific Ocean.
But nations near the flight path like Australia and Japan have expressed concern that Mir could slightly stray during its descent, placing their populations at risk.
Now Germany is worried about the possibility that Mir could drift even further off course. An interior ministry document stated that errant debris could land on parts of Germany and neighbor countries in southwestern Europe, according to the German newspaper Bild.
If space authorities tracking Mir become aware of any potential danger, emergency radio announcements would advise citizens to stay indoors, the document said, according to Bild.
The Russian space agency, pushing back Mir's demise by a week or so, said Tuesday that the spacecraft would probably meet its fiery end between March 18 and March 20.
Most of the 130-ton station should burn up in the atmosphere. But onethird of it could survive, including pieces as large as a small car, and smack into the Earth as fast as 0.6 mile (1 km) a second, authorities said.
More than 1,000 fragments are expected to splash down into the watery target between Chile and Australia. But minor fluctuations in the atmospheric conditions could significantly change the course of the falling pieces, as could slight mistakes in calculating the debris trail.
Australian authorities will monitor the spacecraft's demise. Japanese experts will be present in the Russian control room that brings down Mir.
The United States will keep an eye on the spacecraft too, but with no specific emergency plan designed for Mir.
"We have a direct line to the U.S. Space Command, the people tracking satellites. If it looks like a piece is going to fall in the United States, either continental or one of our territories, like American Samoa, we are the interface between state and local officials. We would use the emergency alert system of the United States," said Mark Wolfson, spokesman for the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Russian and U.S. authorities maintain the risks are rather remote. They place the odds at somewhere between one in 1,000 to one in 5,000 that a mishap could occur.
"They've been in space a lot longer than we have. We have a lot of confidence that they can do that (deorbit Mir safely)," said Maj. Perry Nouis, spokesperson for the U.S. Space Command, which monitors orbiting satellites. The military organization will be sharing its data with Russian space controllers guiding Mir's descent.
Moscow has experienced trouble retiring space stations or satellites in the past. In 1991 Mir's predecessor Salyut 7 plunged into the Andes Mountains. And in 1978 wreckage from a Soviet military satellite crashed into the Canadian Arctic. The United States fared little better in 1979 when its long abandoned Sky Lab rained debris over western Australia.
This final flight should be different. "Those were not controlled. This will be a controlled deorbit," Nouis said.
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SPACECOM--United States Space Command
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|To understand what makes a secure attachment between a baby and parent.
- To define the positive implications of a secure attachment.
- To identify the causes and implications of insecure attachments.
- To interpret classroom behaviour in the light of attachment theory.
- To offer a toolkit of interventions to support looked after learners.
- To explore ways of interacting with children that are helpful and supportive of learning
- Phase: Primary and Secondary
- Date: Tuesday 30th October 2018
- Time: 9am - 1.15pm
- Venue: The Downs School - Map
|Robin Douglas||Virtual School Headteacher|


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Common Parasite May Influence Human Behavior
Originally published on Tue July 3, 2012 7:06 pm
MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:
Scientists say a parasite carried by cats appears to influence the behavior of humans, in this case, women infected with the parasite were slightly more likely to attempt suicide.
NPR's Jon Hamilton reports this is just the latest study suggesting that parasites can cause subtle changes in our brains.
JON HAMIILTON, BYLINE: This parasite is called Toxoplasma and its primary home is in the intestine of a cat. People can get infected when they eat under-cooked meats or sometimes when they change the litter in a cat box.
Teodore Postolache, from the University of Maryland, says earlier studies linked Toxoplasma infections with mental illness and risky behavior. So, he and a team of researchers analyzed decades of health records on women in Denmark - they'd been tested for the parasite when they gave birth. Postolache says infected women were different in at least one way.
DR. TEODOR POSTOLACHE: What we found is a significant increase in the risk of attempting suicide.
HAMIILTON: The risk was still very small. The chance that an infected woman would attempt suicide in a given year was about one in 5,000. But that was 1.5 times higher than in uninfected women. Postolache says that suggests the parasite affected their brains. And he says there are hints that the problem is in a specific area of the prefrontal cortex.
POSTOLACHE: That area is like a braking mechanism, like it's a brake in a car. That what we are thinking is that it's possible that the parasite, in fact, interferes with the capacity of the prefrontal cortex to apply brakes.
HAMIILTON: So people might become more impulsive, more likely to act on a suicidal impulse. That's speculation, though. Scientists are only beginning to understand how parasites affect behavior in people. But there are lots of dramatic examples in animals.
Janice Moore, a biologist at Colorado State University, says one example is a tiny worm that infects pill bugs.
JANICE MOORE: And when those worms mature in the body cavity of those pill bugs, then the pill bugs behavior changes and it roams around out in exposed areas. It no longer cares about crawling under things, which is ultimately really, really bad for it.
HAMIILTON: But good for the worms; reckless pill bugs are more likely to end up in the stomach of a bird which is where the worms complete their lifecycle. Moore says she doubts a parasite could cause such a dramatic change in a person's behavior.
MOORE: I absolutely do not believe that an animal like a person, with a long life and a big brain, is going to be a robot that just responds mechanically to every influence out there.
HAMIILTON: But Moore says the parasite might suddenly affect something like a person's willingness to take risks.
MOORE: Those are very impulsive kind of behaviors. And the direction that a person leans in his or her life, at a certain time, might very well be influenced by lots of things including parasites.
HAMIILTON: Scientists say parasites also could help explain why people still carry genes that increase the risk of mental illness. Robert Yolken, of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, says that's baffled evolutionary biologists for a long time.
ROBERT YOLKEN: It's a little hard to understand how genes involved in conditions, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or suicide, may have persisted in humans because they're obviously detrimental. An individual who commits suicide doesn't pass on their genes.
HAMIILTON: But Yolken says genes that harm a person could help a parasite. That's because many parasites can't complete their lifecycle until their host dies and is eaten by another animal, like a lion or some other member of the cat family. Yolken says people shouldn't be afraid of their own cats even though they can carry the parasite linked with suicide.
YOLKEN: I have two cats. I enjoy them. And I would not advise people to get rid of their cats. I would advise them to take care of their cats.
HAMIILTON: By keeping them from eating rodents which is how most cats get infected by Toxoplasma. The new research appears in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
Jon Hamilton, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.


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Environmental Advisory Board
The Environmental Advisory Board (EAB) was created by the Chief of Engineers, Lieutenant General Frederick J. Clarke in 1970, as a means for the Chief to gain outside, expert and independent advice on environmental issues facing the Corps of Engineers. Over the years, this Board has served the Corps of Engineers well. We intend to not only continue this process, but to also use the Board as a vehicle of communication to reach out and build partnerships, understandings and cooperation with the environmental community, and public at large. Environmental concerns have never been more important. We see the Environmental Advisory Board playing a key role in contributing to enhanced mutual understanding and confidence between the Corps and both the general public and the conservation community.
Meetings: Usually one or two meetings per year. Meetings are open to the public in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA). All meetings are announced in the Federal Register as required by FACA. Click here for minutes of recent meetings.
Charter Purpose: Advise Chief of Engineers by providing independent advice and recommendations on matters relating to environmental issues facing the Corps of Engineers. Charter is renewed every two years. Current charter is effective until 23 April 2014. Click here for the current Charter.
Membership: 5-10 members. Selected members are eminent authorities in the field of natural (e.g. biological, ecological), social (e.g. anthropologist, community planner), and related sciences. Multidisciplinary, with an equitable distribution of fields of interest as well as geographical location. Click here for current membership and biographies. (updated 10 May 2013)
- Criteria for Ecosystem Restoration Projects
- Environmental Operating Principles
- Floods of 2011
- Gulf of Mexico Recovery
- Sustainable Rivers
- Wetlands Jurisdiction
- Hurricane Response
Environmental Advisory Board Working Papers:
- Environmental Operating Principles, 10 April 2009
- Environmental Benefits and Performance Measures, December 2006
- Integrating Ecosystem Restoration into Programs of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, September 18, 2006
- Restoration Authorities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, December 1, 2005
- Work Plan, June 13, 2005
- Independent Scientific Review, May 13, 2004


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A Mental Health and Community Integration Guide for GLBTQI Individuals:
What You Need to Know
This 12-page colorful booklet covers a range of key issues in mental health recovery and community integration such as treatment and rehabilitation, financial support, housing, employment, and peer support with specific information to address the unique needs of GLBTQI individuals embedded throughout.
This resource was created in partnership with University of Pennsylvania's Collaborative on Community Integration of Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities.
Click here to preview this booklet.
Hard copies of this low-cost booklet are available for purchase here through the NAMI store.
GLBTQI Mental Health: Recommendations for Policies and Services- a companion publication to the booklet, provides important considerations for service providers and policy makers, including an assessment of the barriers faced by GLBTQI individuals seeking mental health care and recommendations for practical strategies to address these barriers.
Special thanks goes to Mark Davis, members of the Pink & Blues support group (Philadelphia, PA), and the NAMI GLBT Leaders Group for their contributions of valuable time, expert guidance, and assistance in developing these resources.
Access NAMI resources on mental health issues in GLBTQI communities here.


Greek Yogurt: The Healthy Toxic Waste Hazard
 - Michael Briggs, Design & Trend Staff Writer
 - May, 26, 2013, 06:08 PM
(Photo: AP)
(Photo: AP)
Greek yogurt is lauded for its health benefits, but the increasingly popular food item is also reportedly highly dangerous for the environment.
For each ounce of the yogurt, three to four ounces of milk is needed. The remaining substance is called 'acid whey,' which contains about the same acidity as orange juice and can't be dumped because it could enter waterways and destroy aquatic life. The problem the $2 billion Greek yogurt industry is left with is exactly what to do with the acid whey.
While solutions to feed the substance to cows (which one farmer called, "like feeding your cows candy bars - they like it but can't eat too much of it,") and use it in a new infant formula have the ball rolling, the industry is still searching for a more permanent solution.
The recent report in Modern Farmer that detailed the environmental issue involving Greek yogurt further explained how difficult another solution, converting the acid whey into electricity, would be:
The material is heated up and kept in the tank for about 20 days, during which time bacteria break up the organic material-the lactose, in the case of whey-and release gases, including methane. The gas is fed into generators that produce electricity to power the farm and to sell to the local utility for use elsewhere."
According to Packaged Facts, Greek yogurt made up 35% of all yogurt sales in 2012, rising from just 1% in 2007.
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A Child's Right to Safe, Clean Drinking Water
Every Monday we profile a Dow Live Earth Run for Water partner organization that works toward providing solutions to the nearly 1 billion people who lack access to clean, safe water. To donate to one of these projects, visit _URL_.
A Child's Right (ACR) is unique in the water field as its sole focus is bringing clean, safe, purified drinking water to vulnerable children in impoverished urban and peri-urban centers – specifically to sites burdened with unsafe water quality and high concentrations of at-risk children. In the last three years alone, they have provided safe drinking water to more than 250,000 children in orphanages, street shelters, rescue homes, schools, displacement camps and children's hospitals in cities around the world.
ACR is an implementing organization and has projects, offices and staff in Cambodia, China, Ethiopia and Nepal. All projects are monitored routinely by in country staff for efficacy and safety, and each site project assists between 100 - 5,000 children (depending on the site). The process and system coverage are scalable and have been used in both Cambodia and Nepal's largest pediatric hospitals to assist more than 100,000 children per site annually.
ACR's most ambitious project to date is their five-year mission to bring clean drinking water to every orphanage in China – an undertaking that will encompass more than 500 orphanages in every province and municipality across China. ACR launched this project in partnership with the Chinese government in May 2008, and has already completed more than 150 system installations in orphanages throughout the country. With staff and offices in 5 cities, they will be averaging 200 orphanage installations annually in China.
Thirty percent of ACR's work is focused on cleaning well water, while the remaining projects target contaminated municipal or surface water sources. Prior to every project they undertake comprehensive water quality testing and site analysis to ensure each location is provided unique care and any dangerous water parameters are remedied. Post-project all sites receive constant and continuous support via ACR's international staff.
ACR designs and distributes all equipment, oversees all water station construction, water system installations, scheduled maintenance and review, resupplies of spare parts and provisions, and periodic water quality tests through their US and international offices and staff.
ACR was established in 2006 by founder and executive director, Eric Stowe, and is headquartered in Tacoma, Washington.
You can find out more about A Child's Right by visiting _URL_.


I've been delving into the history of a particular style of country music called "Nashville Sound" recently, which involved a lot of string sections in songs. Some websites describe them as being "Lush strings" or "smooth strings", but never actually go into detail on which instruments were used. Does anyone have any ideas as to which strings were actually used for these songs? Maybe they're just violins played in a specific style I don't know about, so if that is the case can anyone point me in the right direction? Thanks!
Here are some examples:
I don't have much knowledge of country music history but since you have no answers and this type of string writing transcends genres I'll tell you a bit about the strings on these recordings. Both songs are very different in the way they use the strings.
"Welcome to my World" contains a string orchestra of first and second violins, violas and cellos. There isn't a standard number of players used for string recordings, it is up to a combination of the arranger/orchestrator, producer, studio size and budget. Usually a recording string section will be smaller than one in a symphony orchestra but the proportions of players are similar. A typical set up may be 12 or 16 violins split between first and seconds, 4 or 6 violas and 4 or 6 cellos. There could be many more or less players based on the factors I mentioned earlier. Basses are sometimes used but not nearly as much as the others and I don't hear any here. If you listen with headphones you will clearly hear the violins are all panned towards the center and the lower strings more to the right. It is not hard to pick out the low and high string sections throughout the song. At the very end of the song you can hear the high strings play a line and hold their note then the low strings play a descending line to finish the song.
On "I'm Sorry" there is only a single section of violins. If I had to guess I would say it is about 6 to 8 players. The string arrangement is much simpler, the strings only play high unison lines, usually as a call and response to either the vocal or the chorus. There are no lush chordal passages like on the first recording. In this case the string section is treated more like a single instrument playing melodic accompanying lines.
Your Answer


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Scientists have for the first time estimated the physical footprint of human activities on the deep seafloor of the North East Atlantic. The findings published in the journal PLoS ONE reveal that the area disturbed by bottom trawling commercial fishing fleets exceeds the combined physical footprint of other major human activities considered.
The deep seafloor covers approximately 60% of Earth's surface, but only a tiny fraction of it has been studied to date. Yet as technology advances and resources from relatively shallow marine environments are depleted, human impacts on the deep seafloor are likely to increase.
"Information on the location and spatial extent of human activities affecting the deep-sea environment is crucial for conservation of seafloor ecosystems and for governance and sustainable management of the world's oceans," said Angela Benn of the National Oceanography Centre, who led the new study.
The researchers focused on the OSPAR maritime area of the North East Atlantic, where human activities are particularly intense. The area covers over eleven million square kilometres, about 75 percent of which is deeper than 200 metres, and includes important fishing grounds such as those of Hatton and Rockall.
Using available data for the year 2005, they mapped and estimated the spatial extent of intentional human activities occurring directly on the seafloor as well as structures and artefacts present on the seafloor resulting from past activities.
They looked exclusively at the physical footprint rather than the consequential ecological effects of disturbance, contamination and pollution, which are harder to ascertain. One difficulty that they faced was that of accessing data on human activities that was accurate, up to date and comprehensive, and in a suitable format for analysis.
"Some governments, public organisations and private companies were far more forthcoming with information than others," explained Benn. "Significant improvements are needed in data collection and availability, and this requirement needs to be built into international conventions and treaties with a legal framework in place to ensure informed environmental management."
Despite difficulties and various uncertainties, the researchers' assessment suggests that, although now banned, previously dumped radioactive waste, munitions and chemical weapons together have the lowest physical footprint of the human activities considered, although they do not consider potential dispersal after leakage.
Non-fisheries marine scientific research also has a relatively small footprint, whereas those of fisheries marine scientific research, telecommunication cables and the oil and gas industry are moderate. However, even on the lowest estimates, the spatial extent of bottom trawling is at least ten times that for the other activities assessed, with a physical footprint greater than that of all the others combined.
The study estimated the total area of physical imprint in 2005 to be around 28,000 km2. However many human activities in the deep sea are concentrated in certain areas, particularly in shallower depths between 200 m and 1500 m, and in particular habitats which become disproportionally impacted. The OSPAR area comprises many different habitats each with different and diverse ecosystems. The percentage impact in each of these habitats would provide important information but unfortunately there is virtually no detailed seabed mapping to provide this information.
As demands drive human activities ever deeper the imprint will become more widespread. "Consequently," argues Benn, "there needs to be a much greater understanding of the relative impacts of human activities on the deep seafloor, and in particular how these activities affect seafloor ecosystems and biodiversity."


Ad Widgets
Ad Widgets are probably the easiest way to get your ads onto your pages. Ad Widgets function like other widgets in WordPress and can be placed in any widgetized area of your site - most commonly this is your sidebar or footer areas, but this is going vary wildly with the theme you've chosen.
AdSanity has three different Ad Widgets you can use to place your ads:
The Ad Group Widget
The Random Ad Widget
The Single Ad Widget
Ad Group Widget
The Ad Group widget allows you to rotate through many ads an Ad Group into a widgetized area of your site.
There are a few configurations available to the Ad Group widget. You can title the ad group, select the group that you'd like to be displayed in the widget, choose how many ads from the group are to be displayed at the same time, and set the number of columns that you'd like the group to be displayed in (fig. 1).
fig. 1 - The ad group widget
This allows you to present your ad groups in a variety of ways. Here is an example of displaying four ads from a group in one column (fig. 2).
fig. 2 - The widget displayed in the sidebar
Note: your theme may require you to specify a title for your widget areas in order for the ads to display properly. If you're running into an ad display issue with a widget, try setting a title for the widget if you don't already have one set.
Random Ad Widget
The Random Ad widget allows you to select an ad group and the widget will display a random member of that ad group with each page refresh.
You can set the title for the Random Ad Widget and choose the ad group to display (fig. 1).
fig. 1 - The Random Ad Widget
Single Ad Widget
The Single Ad Widget allows you to place a single ad in a widgetized area of your site.
The widget allows you to set a title for the widget and choose the ad you want to display (fig. 1).
fig. 1 - The Single Ad Widget